cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dichroic f-sum rule and the orbital magnetization of crystals
Creators: name: Souza, Ivo
name: Vanderbilt, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of a crystal with broken time-reversal symmetry in the electric-dipole approximation. Using the Kubo-Greenwood formula for the absorptive part of the antisymmetric optical conductivity, its frequency integral is recast as a ground-state property. We show that in insulators this quantity is proportional to the circulation of the occupied Wannier orbitals around their centers (more precisely, to the gauge-invariant part thereof). This differs from the net circulation, or ground state orbital magnetization, which has two additional contributions: (i) the remaining Wannier self-rotation, and (ii) the ``itinerant'' circulation arising from the center-of-mass motion of the Wannier orbitals, both on the surface and in the interior of the sample. Contributions (i) and (ii) are not separately meaningful, since their individual values depend on the particular choice of Wannier functions. Their sum is however gauge-invariant, and can be inferred from a combination of two experiments: a measurement of the magneto-optical spectrum over a sufficiently wide range to evaluate the sum rule, and a gyromagnetic determination of the total orbital magnetization.
description: Changes to the manuscript (clarifications and correction of typos) made in response to referee's comments
Leucogeorgia Verhoeff 1930
Creators: name: Antić, Dragan Ž.
name: Reip, Hans S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Julida
Julidae
Leucogeorgia

description: Additional Leucogeorgia material examined
We have also examined some females and juveniles of the genus Leucogeorgia from several other caves, but we do not dare assign them to any of the species treated above (Figs 57–58). Species with modified mouthparts were found in Mchishta (= Akshasha) Cave (43.24° N, 40.51° E) and Kelasurskaya Cave (43.02° N, 41.14° E). Species with normal mouthparts were found in Nizhnyaya Shakuranskaya Cave (43.03° N, 41.33° E), Tkibula-Dzevrula Cave (42.34° N, 42.99° E), Nikortsminda Cave (42.46° N, 43.07° E), Bolshaya Kazachebrodskaya (= Verkhnyaya Mzymtinskaya = Akhshtyrskaya) Cave (43.52° N, 39.99° E), Zamshevaya Cave and Tsotne Dadiani Cave (42.75° N, 42.13° E) at the bottom of funnel 1 and at the bottom of funnel 2. These samples are deposited in the ZMUM collection.
Species richness estimation
Of our 16 Caucasian Leucogeorgiini species, L. prometheus sp. nov. and L. abchasica are the most widespread ones, with nine cave locations each. Four new species are known from only one cave (see Table 1). In most cases each species is represented by only a few specimens in each cave (except L. prometheus). In total, we have 58 species-cave (locality) records, where caves with two species are counted twice.
The species richness estimation revealed a mean CHAO1-estimator of 18, with lower and upper 95% boundaries of confidence intervals of 16 and 32, respectively. This means that we could expect from 16 to 32 species of Leucogeorgiini in the western Caucasus, most likely 18 species. Thus, most probably only two species are yet to be discovered. Based on this species richness estimation, our revision has captured the species diversity of the Leucogeorginii almost completely.
It is discouraging that, according to the estimation, in order to locate these two missing species, probably another 41 localities inhabited by Leucogeorgiini species (in addition to the 58 already known locations) need to be investigated (Fig. 52).
description: Published as part of Antić, Dragan Ž. & Reip, Hans S., 2020, The millipede genus Leucogeorgia Verhoeff, 1930 in the Caucasus, with descriptions of eleven new species, erection of a new monotypic genus and notes on the tribe Leucogeorgiini (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), pp. 1-106 in European Journal of Taxonomy 713 on pages 85-89, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.713, http://zenodo.org/record/4020752
Quantum computing for classical problems: Variational Quantum Eigensolver for activated processes
Creators: name: Pravatto, Pierpaolo
name: Castaldo, Davide
name: Gallina, Federico
name: Fresch, Barbara
name: Corni, Stefano
name: Moro, Giorgio J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of stochastic processes impacts both physical and social sciences. At the molecular scale, stochastic dynamics is ubiquitous because of thermal fluctuations. The Fokker-Plank-Smoluchowski equation models the time evolution of the probability density of selected degrees of freedom in the diffusive regime and it is therefore a workhorse of physical chemistry. In this paper we report the development and implementation of a Variational Quantum Eigensolver procedure to solve the Fokker-Planck-Smoluchowski eigenvalue problem. We show that such an algorithm, typically adopted to address quantum chemistry problems, can be applied effectively to classical systems paving the way to new applications of quantum computers. We compute the conformational transition rate in a linear chain of rotors experiencing nearest-neighbour interaction. We provide a method to encode on the quantum computer the probability distribution for a given conformation of the chain and assess its scalability in terms of operations. Performance analysis on noisy quantum emulators and quantum devices (IBMQ Santiago) is provided for a small chain showing results in good agreement with the classical benchmark without further addition of any error mitigation technique.
Towards Loosely-Coupled Programming on Petascale Systems
Creators: name: Raicu, Ioan
name: Zhang, Zhao
name: Wilde, Mike
name: Foster, Ian
name: Beckman, Pete
name: Iskra, Kamil
name: Clifford, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.4; D.1.3; D.4.7; H.3.4

description: We have extended the Falkon lightweight task execution framework to make loosely coupled programming on petascale systems a practical and useful programming model. This work studies and measures the performance factors involved in applying this approach to enable the use of petascale systems by a broader user community, and with greater ease. Our work enables the execution of highly parallel computations composed of loosely coupled serial jobs with no modifications to the respective applications. This approach allows a new-and potentially far larger-class of applications to leverage petascale systems, such as the IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer. We present the challenges of I/O performance encountered in making this model practical, and show results using both microbenchmarks and real applications from two domains: economic energy modeling and molecular dynamics. Our benchmarks show that we can scale up to 160K processor-cores with high efficiency, and can achieve sustained execution rates of thousands of tasks per second.
description: IEEE/ACM International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SuperComputing/SC) 2008
On the Ginzburg-Landau Energy of Corners
Creators: name: Correggi, Michele
name: Giacomelli, Emanuela L.
name: Kachmar, Ayman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is a well known fact that the geometry of a superconducting sample influences the distribution of the surface superconductivity for strong applied magnetic fields. For instance, the presence of corners induces geometric terms described through effective models in sector-like regions. We study the connection between two effective models for the offset of superconductivity and for surface superconductivity introduced in \cite{BNF} and \cite{CG2}, respectively. We prove that the transition between the two models is continuous with respect to the magnetic field strength, and, as a byproduct, we deduce the existence of a minimizer at the threshold for both effective problems. Furthermore, as a consequence, we disprove a conjecture stated in \cite{CG2} concerning the dependence of the corner energy on the angle close to the threshold.
description: 24 pages, pdfLaTeX
FPTAS for optimizing polynomials over the mixed-integer points of polytopes in fixed dimension
Creators: name: De Loera, Jesús A.
name: Hemmecke, Raymond
name: Köppe, Matthias
name: Weismantel, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C11, 90C30, 90C60, 90C57

description: We show the existence of a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS) for the problem of maximizing a non-negative polynomial over mixed-integer sets in convex polytopes, when the number of variables is fixed. Moreover, using a weaker notion of approximation, we show the existence of a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme for the problem of maximizing or minimizing an arbitrary polynomial over mixed-integer sets in convex polytopes, when the number of variables is fixed.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures; to appear in Mathematical Programming
Spin characters of the symmetric group which are proportional to linear characters in characteristic 2
Creators: name: Fayers, Matthew
name: McDowell, Eoghan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20C30 (primary) 20C20, 05E10 (secondary)

description: For a finite group, it is interesting to determine when two ordinary irreducible representations have the same $p$-modular reduction; that is, when two rows of the decomposition matrix in characteristic $p$ are equal, or equivalently when the corresponding $p$-modular Brauer characters are the same. We complete this task for the double covers of the symmetric group when $p=2$, by determining when the $2$-modular reduction of an irreducible spin representation coincides with a $2$-modular Specht module. In fact, we obtain a more general result: we determine when an irreducible spin representation has $2$-modular Brauer character proportional to that of a Specht module. In the course of the proof, we use induction and restriction functors to construct a function on generalised characters which has the effect of swapping runners in abacus displays for the labelling partitions.
description: 43 pages; accepted manuscript version
Slides for: Modeling of Smart, Sustainable, and Resilient Communities
Creators: Wangda Zuo
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Slides for Webinar: Modeling of Smart, Sustainable, and Resilient Communities
To mitigate the climate change issues, our communities are adopting more and more renewable energy, which bring new challenges in the community energy system design and operation. Meanwhile, we have seen more and more climate-change induced disasters. A solution the above challenges is to make our communities smart, sustainable, and resilient. In this webinar, attendance will learn how to use open source Modelica models to assist the design and operation of smart, sustainable, and connected communities. We will see model-based optimization for a real-world net zero energy community on Anna Maria Island, Florida. Then we will illustrate the operation of such community in the islanded mode after the hurricane. In addition, we will review the interaction of energy, transportation and communication systems and understand the method in modeling such complex integrated systems. The goal is to enable zero outage for energy system, zero congestion for communication, and zero traffic for transportation. A case study will then demonstrate the interaction of the three systems. At the end of webinar, attendance will have a good understanding of challenges, opportunities, and potential tools for the design and operation of smart, sustainable, and resilient communities.
Towards Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning based Traffic Signal Control through Spatio-temporal Hypergraphs
Creators: name: Wang, Kang
name: Shen, Zhishu
name: Lei, Zhen
name: Zhang, Tiehua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traffic signal control systems (TSCSs) are integral to intelligent traffic management, fostering efficient vehicle flow. Traditional approaches often simplify road networks into standard graphs, which results in a failure to consider the dynamic nature of traffic data at neighboring intersections, thereby neglecting higher-order interconnections necessary for real-time control. To address this, we propose a novel TSCS framework to realize intelligent traffic control. This framework collaborates with multiple neighboring edge computing servers to collect traffic information across the road network. To elevate the efficiency of traffic signal control, we have crafted a multi-agent soft actor-critic (MA-SAC) reinforcement learning algorithm. Within this algorithm, individual agents are deployed at each intersection with a mandate to optimize traffic flow across the road network collectively. Furthermore, we introduce hypergraph learning into the critic network of MA-SAC to enable the spatio-temporal interactions from multiple intersections in the road network. This method fuses hypergraph and spatio-temporal graph structures to encode traffic data and capture the complex spatio-temporal correlations between multiple intersections. Our empirical evaluation, tested on varied datasets, demonstrates the superiority of our framework in minimizing average vehicle travel times and sustaining high-throughput performance. This work facilitates the development of more intelligent urban traffic management solutions. We release the code to support the reproducibility of this work at https://github.com/Edun-Eyes/TSC
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Improving sum uncertainty relations with the quantum Fisher information
Creators: name: Chiew, Shao-Hen
name: Gessner, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how preparation uncertainty relations that are formulated as sums of variances may be tightened by using the quantum Fisher information to quantify quantum fluctuations. We apply this to derive stronger angular momentum uncertainty relations, which in the case of spin-$1/2$ turn into equalities involving the purity. Using an analogy between pure-state decompositions in the Bloch sphere and the moment of inertia of rigid bodies, we identify optimal decompositions that achieve the convex- and concave-roof decomposition of the variance. Finally, we illustrate how these results may be used to identify the classical and quantum limits on phase estimation precision with an unknown rotation axis.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. See also the related work by G. T\'oth and F. Fr\"owis, Phys. Rev. Research 4, 013075 (2022)
High-Statistics Study of the tau^- -> pi^- pi^0 nu_tau Decay
Creators: name: Fujikawa, M.
name: Hayashii, H.
name: Eidelman, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a high-statistics measurement of the branching fraction for tau^- --> pi^- pi^0 nu_tau and the invariant mass spectrum of the produced pi^- pi^0 system using 72.2 fb^-1 of data recorded with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e^+ e^- collider. The branching fraction obtained is (25.24 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.39)%, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. The unfolded pi^- pi^0 mass spectrum is used to determine resonance parameters for the rho(770), rho'(1450), and rho"(1700) mesons. We also use this spectrum to estimate the hadronic (2pi) contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (a_{mu}^{pipi}). Our result for a_{mu}^{pipi} integrated over the mass range sqrt{s} = 2m_{pi} - 1.8 GeV/c^2 is a_{mu}^{pipi} = (523.5 +/- 1.5 (exp) +/- 2.6 (Br) +/- 2.5 (isospin))x 10^{-10}, where the first error is due to the experimental uncertainties, the second is due to the uncertainties in the branching fractions and the third is due to the uncertainties in the isospin-violating corrections.
description: 38 pages, 12 figures, matches PRD version
Dante, astrology and astronomy
Creators: name: Gangui, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some verses of Dante Alighieri suggest his astrological sign and his probable date of birth. This leads us to reflect on the different methods, increasingly divergent, with which sciences as opposed to beliefs approach reality.
description: Article in Spanish, PDF document; Published version available at http://cms.iafe.uba.ar/gangui/difusion/ch/
Towards the Quantized Anomalous Hall effect in AlO$_x$-capped MnBi$_2$Te$_4$
Creators: name: Wang, Yongqian
name: Fu, Bohan
name: Wang, Yongchao
name: Lian, Zicheng
name: Yang, Shuai
name: Li, Yaoxin
name: Xu, Liangcai
name: Gao, Zhiting
name: Jiang, Wanjun
name: Zhang, Jinsong
name: Wang, Yayu
name: Liu, Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum anomalous Hall effect in layered antiferromagnet MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ harbors a rich interplay between magnetism and topology, holding a significant promise for low-power electronic devices and topological antiferromagnetic spintronics. In recent years, MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ has garnered considerable attention as the only known material to exhibit the antiferromagnetic quantum anomalous Hall effect. However, this field faces significant challenges as realizing quantized transport at zero magnetic fields depends critically on fabricating high-quality device. In this article, we address the detrimental influences of fabrication on MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ by simply depositing an AlO$_x$ thin layer on the surface prior to fabrications. Optical contrast and magnetotransport measurements on over 50 samples demonstrate that AlO$_x$ can effectively preserve the pristine state of the samples and significantly enhance the anomalous Hall effect towards quantization. Scaling analysis reveals the Berry curvature dominated mechanism of the anomalous Hall effect at various magnetic configurations. By adjusting the gate voltage, we uncover a gate independent antiferromagnetism in MnBi$_2$Te$_4$. Our experiment not only pave the way for fabricating high-quality transport devices but also advance the exploration of exotic quantum physics in 2D materials.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Microphysical manifestations of viscosity and consequences for anisotropies in the very early universe
Creators: name: Ganguly, Chandrima
name: Quintin, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been known that a non-perfect fluid that accounts for dissipative viscous effects can evade a highly anisotropic chaotic mixmaster approach to a singularity. Viscosity is often simply parameterised in this context, so it remains unclear whether isotropisation can really occur in physically motivated contexts. We present a few examples of microphysical manifestations of viscosity in fluids that interact either gravitationally or, for a scalar field for instance, through a self-coupling term in the potential. In each case, we derive the viscosity coefficient and comment on the applicability of the approximations involved when dealing with dissipative non-perfect fluids. Upon embedding the fluids in a cosmological context, we then show the extent to which these models allow for isotropisation of the universe in the approach to a singularity. We first do this in the context of expansion anisotropy only, i.e., in the case of a Bianchi type-I universe. We then include anisotropic 3-curvature modelled by the Bianchi type-IX metric. It is found that a self-interacting scalar field at finite temperature allows for efficient isotropisation, whether in a Bianchi type-I or type-IX spacetime, although the model is not tractable all the way to a singularity. Mixmaster chaotic behaviour, which is well known to arise in anisotropic models including anisotropic 3-curvature, is found to be suppressed in the latter case as well. We find that the only model permitting an isotropic singularity is that of a dense gas of black holes.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures; v2: typos corrected, clarifications and references added; v3: more clarifications and references added, matches published version
Triangulating Black Hole Forming Stellar Collapses through Neutrinos
Creators: name: Sarfati, Lila
name: Hansen, Rasmus S. L.
name: Tamborra, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the event of a black hole (BH) forming stellar collapse, the neutrino signal should terminate abruptly at the moment of BH formation, after a phase of steady accretion. Since neutrinos are expected to reach Earth hours before the electromagnetic signal, the combined detection of the neutrino burst through multiple neutrino telescopes could allow to promptly determine the angular location of a nearby stellar collapse in the sky with high precision. In this paper, we contrast the triangulation pointing procedure that relies on the rise time of the neutrino curve, often considered in the literature, to the one that takes advantage of the cutoff of the neutrino curve at the moment of BH formation. By forecasting the neutrino signal expected in the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, Hyper-Kamiokande and DUNE, we devise a strategy to optimize the identification of the rise and cutoff time of the neutrino curve. We show that the triangulation method developed by employing the end tail of the neutrino curve allows to achieve at least one order of magnitude improvement in the pointing precision for a galactic burst, while being insensitive to the neutrino mixing scenario. The triangulation pointing method based on the cutoff of the neutrino curve will also guarantee a better performance for BH forming collapses occurring beyond our own Galaxy.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, matches published version
Electrical Design of Denmarks Future Energy Islands-Slides
Creators: Peter Jan Randewijk
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

PELS Webinar Slides
Abstract: The Danish power system is undergoing significant changes these years and so are the tools needed to predict the system’s dynamic behavior. Methods ranging in complexity from single bus-bar single frequency to detailed EMT and use of real-time HIL are discussed based on already identified and future needs. The presentation is centered around a series of examples ranging from grid integration and operation of the wind power plant and interconnectors hybrids, design and integration of Denmark’s future energy islands (integration of power-electronic-based systems in power systems), dimensioning of fast reserves and key findings from a number of critical events that occurred in the Danish system. Strategies for ensuring model performance and maintenance are discussed as well.
Supergravity origin of the MSSM inflation
Creators: name: Enqvist, Kari
name: Mether, Lotta
name: Nurmi, Sami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the supergravity origin of the recently proposed MSSM inflationary model, which relies on the existence of a saddle point along a dimension six flat direction. We derive the conditions that the Kahler potential has to satisfy for the saddle point to exist irrespective of the hidden sector vevs. We show that these conditions are satisfied by a simple class of Kahler potentials, which we find to have a similar form as in various string theory compactifications. For these potentials, slow roll MSSM inflation requires no fine tuning of the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters.
description: v3: 10 pages, no figures; version accepted for publication. Typos corrected
Volume preserving nonhomogeneous Gauss curvature flow in hyperbolic space
Creators: name: Wei, Yong
name: Yang, Bo
name: Zhou, Tailong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53E10, 53C42

description: We consider the volume preserving flow of smooth, closed and convex hypersurfaces in the hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^{n+1}$ with speed given by a general nonhomogeneous function of the Gauss curvature. For a large class of speed functions, we prove that the solution of the flow remains convex, exists for all positive time $t\in [0,\infty)$ and converges to a geodesic sphere exponentially as $t\to\infty$ in the smooth topology. A key step is to show the $L^1$ oscillation decay of the Gauss curvature to its average along a subsequence of times going to the infinity, which combined with an argument using the hyperbolic curvature measure theory implies the Hausdorff convergence.
description: Final version for PAMQ. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2210.06035
Social physics
Creators: name: Jusup, Marko
name: Holme, Petter
name: Kanazawa, Kiyoshi
name: Takayasu, Misako
name: Romic, Ivan
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Gecek, Suncana
name: Lipic, Tomislav
name: Podobnik, Boris
name: Wang, Lin
name: Luo, Wei
name: Klanjscek, Tin
name: Fan, Jingfang
name: Boccaletti, Stefano
name: Perc, Matjaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent decades have seen a rise in the use of physics methods to study different societal phenomena. This development has been due to physicists venturing outside of their traditional domains of interest, but also due to scientists from other disciplines taking from physics the methods that have proven so successful throughout the 19th and the 20th century. Here we dub this field 'social physics' and pay our respect to intellectual mavericks who nurtured it to maturity. We do so by reviewing the current state of the art. Starting with a set of topics that are at the heart of modern human societies, we review research dedicated to urban development and traffic, the functioning of financial markets, cooperation as the basis for our evolutionary success, the structure of social networks, and the integration of intelligent machines into these networks. We then shift our attention to a set of topics that explore potential threats to society. These include criminal behaviour, large-scale migrations, epidemics, environmental challenges, and climate change. We end the coverage of each topic with promising directions for future research. Based on this, we conclude that the future for social physics is bright. Physicists studying societal phenomena are no longer a curiosity, but rather a force to be reckoned with. Notwithstanding, it remains of the utmost importance that we continue to foster constructive dialogue and mutual respect at the interfaces of different scientific disciplines.
description: 359 pages, 78 figures; published in Physics Reports
Effect of Transparency on the D-wave Josephson Junction
Creators: name: Rashedi, Gholamreza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a dc Josephson junction between two singlet superconductors (d-wave and s-wave) with arbitrary reflection coefficient has been investigated theoretically following the famous paper [ Y. Tanaka and S. Kashiwaya 1996 \textit{Phys. Rev. B} {\bf 53}, R11957]. For the case of High $T_c$ superconductors, the $c$-axes are parallel to an interface with finite transparency and their $ab$-planes have a mis-orientation. The effect of transparency and mis-orientation on the currents is studied both analytically and numerically. It is observed that, the current phase relations are totally different from the case of ideal transparent Josephson junctions between d-wave superconductors and two s-wave superconductors. This apparatus can be used to demonstrate d-wave order parameter in High $T_c$ superconductors.
description: Presented in 8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity in Belgium (EUCAS 2007)
Perfect chiral quantum routing
Creators: name: Cavazzoni, Simone
name: Ragazzi, Giovanni
name: Bordone, Paolo
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Routing classical and quantum information is a fundamental task for quantum information technologies and processes. Here, we consider information encoded in the position of a quantum walker on a graph, and design an optimal structure to achieve perfect quantum routing exploiting chirality and weighting of the edges. The topology, termed the Lily Graph, enables perfect (i.e., with fidelity one) and robust routing of classical (localized) or quantum (superposition) states of the walker to n different, orthogonal, spatial regions of the graph, corresponding to the n possible outputs of the device. The routing time is independent of the input signal and the number of outputs, making our scheme a robust and scalable solution for all quantum networks.
description: revised version, 8 pages, 4 figures
К ВОПРОСУ О РОЛИ СТРАХОВОГО ИНТЕРЕСА В СТРАХОВОМ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВЕ
Creators: name: БОЧКОВА Светлана Сергеевна
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2020
Subjects: Страховой интерес; личное страхование; имущественное страхование; страхователь
страховщик

description: Изучены и приведены подходы к определению страхового интереса и его роли в страховом обязательстве. Обосновывается наличие страхового интереса как в имущественном, так и личном страховании. Приводится судебная практика, связанная с определением наличия страхового интереса.
Exploring extreme magnetization phenomena in directly-driven imploding cylindrical targets
Creators: name: Walsh, Christopher
name: Florido, Ricardo
name: Bailly-Grandvaux, Mathieu
name: Suzuki-Vidal, Francisco
name: Chittenden, Jeremy
name: Crilly, Aidan
name: Gigosos, Marco
name: Mancini, Roberto
name: Pérez-Callejo, Gabriel
name: Vlachos, Christos
name: McGuffey, Christopher
name: Beg, Farhat
name: Santos, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper uses extended-magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations to explore an extreme magnetized plasma regime realisable by cylindrical implosions on the OMEGA laser facility. This regime is characterized by highly compressed magnetic fields (greater than 10~kT across the fuel), which contain a significant proportion of the implosion energy and induce large electrical currents in the plasma. Parameters governing the different magnetization processes such as Ohmic dissipation and suppression of instabilities by magnetic tension are presented, allowing for optimization of experiments to study specific phenomena. For instance, a dopant added to the target gas-fill can enhance magnetic flux compression while enabling spectroscopic diagnosis of the imploding core. In particular, the use of Ar K-shell spectroscopy is investigated by performing detailed non-LTE atomic kinetics and radiative transfer calculations on the MHD data. Direct measurement of the core electron density and temperature would be possible, allowing for both the impact of magnetization on the final temperature and thermal pressure to be obtained. By assuming the magnetic field is frozen into the plasma motion, which is shown to be a good approximation for highly magnetized implosions, spectroscopic diagnosis could be used to estimate which magnetization processes are ruling the implosion dynamics; for example, a relation is given for inferring whether thermally-driven or current-driven transport is dominating.
On the Significance of Rare Objects at High Redshift: The Impact of Cosmic Variance
Creators: name: Jespersen, Christian Kragh
name: Steinhardt, Charles L.
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: Lovell, Christopher C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of extremely luminous galaxies at ultra-high redshifts ($z\gtrsim 8$) has challenged galaxy formation models. Most analyses of this tension have not accounted for the variance due to field-to-field clustering, which causes the number counts of galaxies to vary greatly in excess of Poisson noise. This super-Poissonian variance is often referred to as cosmic variance. Since cosmic variance increases rapidly as a function of mass, redshift, and smaller observing areas, the most massive objects in deep \textit{JWST} surveys are severely impacted by cosmic variance. We construct a simple model, including cosmic variance, to predict the distribution of the mass of the most massive galaxy for different surveys, which increases the tension with observations. The distributions differ significantly from previous predictions using the Extreme Value Statistics formalism, changing the position and shape of the distributions. We test our model using the \texttt{UniverseMachine} simulations, where the predicted effects of cosmic variance are clearly identifiable. We find that the high skew in the distributions of galaxy counts for typical deep surveys imply a high statistical variance on the cosmic variance itself. This impacts the calibration of the cosmic variance, as well as the expected mass of the most massive galaxy. We also find that the impact of cosmic variance dominates the impact of any realistic scatter in the stellar-to-halo-mass relation at $z\gtrsim 12$. It is therefore crucial to accurately account for the impact of cosmic variance in any analysis of tension between early extreme galaxies and galaxy formation models.
description: Accepted in ApJ. The main text contains 18 pages and 11 figures. The appendix contains 4 pages and 3 figures
Реализация комплексного научно-технического проекта по развитию селекции и семеноводства картофеля в КБР
Creators: name: Абазов А.Х.
name: Абидова Г.Х.
name: Бугов Р.Р.
name: Батырова О.А.
name: Хуранов М.М.
name: Лихова З.Х.
Publisher: name: АгроФорум
Year: 2021
Subjects: картофель
сорта
семенной материал
болезни
качество семян
оздоровление на основе in vitro
урожайность
обеспечение.
potatoes
varieties
seed material
diseases
seed quality
in vitro recovery
productivity
provision.

description: В статье представлены результаты научно-исследовательской работы Института сельского хозяйства КБНЦ РАН в области селекции и семеноводства картофеля за последние годы, в том числе по выполнению комплексного научно-технического проекта в рамках Подпрограммы «Развитие селекции и семеноводства картофеля в Российской Федерации».
Comprehensive Measurement of Three-Dimensional Thermal Conductivity Tensor Using a Beam-Offset Square-Pulsed Source (BO-SPS) Approach
Creators: name: Chen, Tao
name: Song, Shangzhi
name: Jiang, Puqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurately measuring the three-dimensional thermal conductivity tensor is essential for understanding and engineering the thermal behavior of anisotropic materials. Existing methods often struggle to isolate individual tensor elements, leading to large measurement uncertainties and time-consuming iterative fitting procedures. In this study, we introduce the Beam-Offset Square-Pulsed Source (BO-SPS) method for comprehensive measurements of three-dimensional anisotropic thermal conductivity tensors. This method uses square-pulsed heating and precise temperature rise measurements to achieve high signal-to-noise ratios, even with large beam offsets and low modulation frequencies, enabling the isolation of thermal conductivity tensor elements. We demonstrate and validate the BO-SPS method by measuring X-cut and AT-cut quartz samples. For X-cut quartz, with a known relationship between in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities, we can determine the full thermal conductivity tensor and heat capacity simultaneously. For AT-cut quartz, assuming a known heat capacity, we can determine the entire anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor, even with finite off-diagonal terms. Our results yield consistent principal thermal conductivity values for both quartz types, demonstrating the method's reliability and accuracy. This research highlights the BO-SPS method's potential to advance the understanding of thermal behavior in complex materials.
Potential for ultrafast dynamic chemical imaging with few-cycle infrared lasers
Creators: name: Morishita, T
name: Le, A. T.
name: Chen, Z.
name: Lin, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the photoelectron spectra generated by an intense few-cycle infrared laser pulse. By focusing on the angular distributions of the back rescattered high energy photoelectrons, we show that accurate differential elastic scattering cross sections of the target ion by free electrons can be extracted. Since the incident direction and the energy of the free electrons can be easily changed by manipulating the laser's polarization, intensity, and wavelength, these extracted elastic scattering cross sections, in combination with more advanced inversion algorithms, may be used to reconstruct the effective single-scattering potential of the molecule, thus opening up the possibility of using few-cycle infrared lasers as powerful table-top tools for imaging chemical and biological transformations, with the desired unprecedented temporal and spatial resolutions.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
IEEE Task Force Report on Distributed Energy Storage Integration (TR98)
Creators: Chair: Oleg Ciubarca
Co-Chair: Trishia Swayne
Members:
Katherine M. Cummings
Masoud Davoudi
Michael J. Higginson
Raluca Lascu
Sadia Mahboob
Stephen L. Thiel
Sukumar Kamalasadan
Vidya Vankayala
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

With increasing amounts of Distributed Energy Storage (DES) on utility distribution systems, this paper aims to highlight relevant information on DES related to drivers for integration, applications and use cases, regulatory impacts, technical requirements, development and design components, impact study considerations, reliability and resilience improvements from DES, protection considerations, safety and interoperability, and benefits with voltage support.  The perspective presented within this paper can be further utilized to target the challenges that still require further study and development in such a dynamic energy landscape.
The family cancer experience : a qualitative study of families in which an adult member is living with cancer
Creators: name: Thorne, Sally Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study was designed to elicit the perceptions of families who are experiencing cancer in one of their adult members for the purpose of describing and explaining psychosocial aspects of the cancer experience from a family perspective. The method used in conducting this study was the phenomenological paradigm of qualitative research. Data were collected through a series of interviews with eight families comprised of a total of seventeen members. The eight cancer-patient members were all between the ages of 59 and 66. The initial interviews were loosely guided by the research questions, and addressed the families' perceptions of the impact of cancer upon psychosocial aspects of their everyday lives. The data were comprised of the accounts given by families in these interviews. Constant comparative analysis was employed throughout the data collection phase to permit analytic material to guide and focus the process of constructing accounts. The families described their everyday lives with cancer as being normal lives notwithstanding a number of changes directly associated with having cancer. They perceived themselves to have minimized the impact of change through a number of consciously-chosen strategic approaches. They explained the normalcy of their experiences in terms of the successfulness of these strategic approaches. Further, they explained the success of their strategies in terms of the relationship of these strategies to their family self-concept and philosophy. The data revealed the capacity of older families to modify and make sense of their cancer experiences. By applying attitudes which conformed to their histories and philosophies, they minimized changes in everyday life, created support networks, facilitated the quality of their medical care, and generated hope. In terms of nursing practice, these findings reinforce the value of incorporating family beliefs and attitudes into all phases of the nursing process. They therefore strengthen the argument for evaluating effective and ineffective coping on an individual basis rather than according to commonly-held assumptions. Implications for future nursing research include further exploration of selected themes that emerged from the study, and expansion of the body of knowledge about family functioning to include the family's perspective.
Anonymous quantum communication
Creators: name: Brassard, Gilles
name: Broadbent, Anne
name: Fitzsimons, Joseph
name: Gambs, Sebastien
name: Tapp, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first protocol for the anonymous transmission of a quantum state that is information-theoretically secure against an active adversary, without any assumption on the number of corrupt participants. The anonymity of the sender and receiver is perfectly preserved, and the privacy of the quantum state is protected except with exponentially small probability. Even though a single corrupt participant can cause the protocol to abort, the quantum state can only be destroyed with exponentially small probability: if the protocol succeeds, the state is transferred to the receiver and otherwise it remains in the hands of the sender (provided the receiver is honest).
description: 11 pages, to appear in Proceedings of ASIACRYPT, 2007
Growth and optical properties of self-assembled InGaAs Quantum Posts
Creators: name: Krenner, H. J.
name: Pryor, C.
name: He, J.
name: Zhang, J. P.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Morris, C. M.
name: Sherwin, M. S.
name: Petroff, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a method to grow height controlled, dislocation-free InGaAs quantum posts (QPs) on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) which is confirmed by structural investigations. The optical properties are compared to realistic 8-band k.p calculations of the electronic structure which fully account for strain and the structural properties of the QP. Using QPs embedded in n-i-p junctions we find wide range tunability of the interband spectrum and giant static dipole moments.
description: Proccedings paper for MSS-13, 7 pages, 4 figures
Biermann Battery Magnetic Fields in ICF Capsules: Total Magnetic Flux Generation
Creators: name: Walsh, Christopher
name: Clark, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper focuses on the process of magnetic flux generation in ICF implosions. Hot-spots are shown to be dominated by fields generated during stagnation, when the temperature and density gradients are largest. A scaling of hot-spot magnetic flux is derived and compared with simulations, revealing that perturbations with both larger amplitudes and higher mode numbers generate more magnetic flux. The model allows for greater understanding of which target designs will be susceptible to MHD effects. For example, the model can be used to ascertain the time when most magnetic flux is generated. If generation is weighted more towards early times, then more high-mode magnetic field loops will be present. A hot-spot with no high-mode perturbations at time of peak neutron production can still contain significant magnetic flux on those scales. By assuming that magnetic flux is deposited at the hot-spot edge by Nernst advection, the model can be used to post-process radiation-hydrodynamics data to estimate magnetic field strengths and magnetizations.
The Importance of Standards Part Two - Slides
Creators: Paul Nikolich and Hermann Koch
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2021

IEEE Virtual Tech Talk
In this IEEE Tech Talk, Hermann Koch and Paul Nikolich follow up on their 1st Tech Talk to further explore the important role of technical standards:

to bring innovation to market,
provides benefits to the technical development of standardized products and solutions,
to set requirements for the manufacturing process, and
to harmonize solutions of innovation across a global market.
Furthermore, it will provide advice on how to get involved in technical standardization at the IEEE.
Slides for: Optimal Waveform Design for Dual-functional Radar-Communications: From Theory to Experiments
Creators: Dr. Athina Petropulu
Dr. Christos Masouros
Dr. Fan Liu
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Slides for: SPS Webinar, June 7 2022, Dr. Athina Petropulu, Dr. Christos Masouros, Dr. Fan Liu
In this webinar, we will introduce our recent results on optimal dual-functional radar-communications (DFRC) waveform design, which is regarded as a key enabler for the practical implementation of ISAC. DFRC waveforms are specifically tailored signals that are able to accomplish sensing and communication signaling tasks simultaneously. We will commence by introducing the background and applications of ISAC. Then we focus on a general DFRC transmission scenario, where a single MIMO base station (BS) communicates with downlink cellular users and detects radar targets simultaneously. Several design criteria will be discussed for minimizing the downlink multi-user interference (MUI) under radar-specific constraints, namely, omni- and directional beampattern constraints, similarity constraint, and constant-modulus constraint. Finally, we will verify the proposed waveform design approaches through both simulation and experimental results based on the software-defined radio (SDR) platform.