cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of land surface evolution in polygonal tundra
Creators: name: Abolt, Charles Joseph
name: 0000-0001-6052-199X
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2019
Subjects: Permafrost
Thermokarst
Hydrology
Climate change
Geomorphology
Machine learning

description: In the past three decades, an abrupt acceleration in the thaw of ice wedges has spurred rapid surface deformation (i.e., thermokarst) in polygonal tundra landscapes spanning the Arctic. The ensuing conversion of low-centered polygons (LCPs) and flat terrain into high-centered polygons (HCPs) has profound impacts on regional hydrology and carbon fluxes between the soil and atmosphere. However, pathways of ice wedge degradation and the stability of the deformed terrain are uncertain, complicating efforts to project feedbacks on global climate change. In this dissertation, I explore trajectories of surface deformation in ice wedge polygons, using a combination of calibration-constrained numerical experiments, remote sensing, and machine learning. In the first two chapters, numerical simulations of the soil hydrologic and thermal regimes reveal that, relative to terrain unaffected by thermokarst, the permafrost beneath HCPs tends to be well-buffered against climate extremes, promoting landscape stability. Ice wedges at HCP boundaries are less vulnerable to thaw during warm summers, reinforcing prior field-based observations that thermokarst is typically a self-arresting process. Simultaneously, the cooling of thermokarst-affected ice wedges in winter tends to be inhibited by snow accumulation in degraded troughs, reducing the likelihood of renewed ice wedge cracking and restoration of LCP microtopography. Overall, these results indicate that the microtopography of polygons already affected by thermokarst will likely remain stable over the next century. In the second half of this dissertation, a novel machine-learning-based tool is introduced for delineating and measuring the microtopography associated with ice wedge polygons in high-resolution digital elevation models. The tool is used to map polygonal geomorphology across ~1,000 km² of tundra south of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, visualizing in unprecedented detail the heterogeneous extent to which thermokarst has affected a modern polygonal landscape. This map of polygonal geomorphology provides useful context for upscaling point- to plot-scale observations of gas exchange in ice wedge polygons to landscape-scale estimates of carbon fluxes. It also provides an extensive baseline dataset for quantifying contemporary rates of land surface deformation, through future surveys at the site.
Analysing fMRI experiments with the fmri package in R. Version 1.0 --- A users guide
Creators: name: Polzehl, Jörg
name: Tabelow, Karsten
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: adaptive weights
subject: local structure
subject: local polynomial regression
subject: propagation
subject: separation
subject: 62G05

description: This document describes the usage of the R package fmri to analyse functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data with structure adaptive smoothing procedures (Propagation-Separation (PS) approach) as described in [7].
title: Ubykh2, listeXXVI
Creators: name: Michailovsky, Boyd
name: Dumézil, Georges
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Ubykh
subject: uby

description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
DIPOG-2.0. User Guide. Direct Problems for Optical Gratings over Triangular Grids
Creators: name: Rathsfeld, Andreas
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: diffraction grating
subject: FEM-BEM coupling
subject: generalized FEM
subject: 78A45
subject: 65N30
subject: 42.79.Dj
subject: 42.40.Eq
subject: 02.70.Dh

description: This is the description of how to use the programs FEM, GFEM, FEM_CHECK, GFEM_CHECK, FEM_PLOT, GFEM_PLOT, FEM_FULLINFO, and GFEM_FULLINFO of the package DIPOG-2.0. The package is a collection of finite element (FEM) programs to determine the efficiencies of the diffraction of light by a periodic grating structure. It is based on the software package PDELIB and solves the classical case of TE and TM polarization and the case of conical diffraction. The code provides a conventional FEM and a generalized FEM (GFEM). The latter is the variational approach of the conventional FEM combined with a new trial space. We note that the DIPOG-2.0 programs require the installation of the previous version DIPOG-1.3 or DIPOG-1.4, of the grid generator TRIANGLE-1.4, and of the equations solver PARDISO. Additionally, some of them need the graphical package openGL (or the MESA emulation of openGL) together with GLTOOLS-2.4 or, alternatively, the package GNUPLOT. Examples of data and output files are enclosed.
Transforming variables to central normality
Creators: name: Raymaekers, Jakob
name: Rousseeuw, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many real data sets contain numerical features (variables) whose distribution is far from normal (gaussian). Instead, their distribution is often skewed. In order to handle such data it is customary to preprocess the variables to make them more normal. The Box-Cox and Yeo-Johnson transformations are well-known tools for this. However, the standard maximum likelihood estimator of their transformation parameter is highly sensitive to outliers, and will often try to move outliers inward at the expense of the normality of the central part of the data. We propose a modification of these transformations as well as an estimator of the transformation parameter that is robust to outliers, so the transformed data can be approximately normal in the center and a few outliers may deviate from it. It compares favorably to existing techniques in an extensive simulation study and on real data.
title: 1951-1952_ALBERT Noël_Un parc routier pour l'administration des Ponts et Chaussées
Creators: name: Albert, Noël
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Diplôme d'architecte

description: Prix du meilleur diplôme décerné par la SADG.
Controls governing active layer thermal hydrology : how predictable subsurface properties influence thaw, groundwater flow, and soil moisture
Creators: name: O'Connor, Michael Thomas
name: 0000-0003-3484-4415
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2019
Subjects: Permafrost
Hydrology
Climate change

description: The hydrology of near-surface arctic soils above continuous permafrost, known as the ‘active layer’, is controlled by coupled thermal and hydraulic processes that are not well understood. The poorly-quantified spatial variability in active layer soil thermal and hydraulic properties, compounded with continually-migrating aquifer geometries that are not mechanistically understood, cause our current knowledge of arctic hydrology to be limited. Particularly, we do not mechanistically understand which parameters govern arctic groundwater flows, we do not understand how such governing properties vary across the landscape, and we do not understand the ranges that such landscape variability provides on arctic hydrologic processes. This dissertation investigates these open questions through novel field observations and numerical modeling. In Chapter Two, I show how groundwater flows in the active layer are controlled by highly-variable soil permeability within three variable-thickness soil layers using fieldwork and saturated groundwater flow models. In Chapter Three, I identify how those soil layers and properties vary across the commonly-observed land surface slopes, dominant vegetation types, and microtopographic features found on the foothills of the Alaskan North Slope through original fieldwork and terrain analysis. In Chapter Four, I show how the thawing and freezing of the active layer, lateral groundwater flow, and soil moisture storage (i.e., dominant thermal hydrologic processes) are controlled by the commonly-observed patterns in soil stratigraphy and soil properties found across the landscape. Finally, in the Conclusion, I lay out a framework for how this information can be leveraged to inform larger-scale arctic thermal hydrology models. In totality, this dissertation provides insight in the understanding of arctic thermal hydrology because of its grounding in observed soil properties and the use of cutting-edge numerical tools.
title: Ubykh2, listeXXVII
Creators: name: Michailovsky, Boyd
name: Dumézil, Georges
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Ubykh
subject: uby

description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Spectroscopic Factors in $^{40}$Ca and $^{208}$Pb from $(e,e'p)$: Fully Relativistic Analysis
Creators: name: Udias, J. M.
name: Sarriguren, P.
name: de Guerra, E. Moya
name: Garrido, E.
name: Caballero, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for spectroscopic factors of the outermost shells in $^{40}$Ca and $^{208}$Pb, which have been derived from the comparison between the available quasielastic ($e,e'p$) data from NIKHEF-K and the corresponding calculated cross-sections obtained within a fully relativistic formalism. We include exactly the effect of Coulomb distortion on the electron wave functions and discuss its role in the extraction of the spectroscopic factors from experiment. Without any adjustable parameter, we find spectroscopic factors of about 70\%, consistent with theoretical predictions. We compare our results with previous relativistic and nonrelativistic analyses of ($e,e'p$) data. In addition to Coulomb distortion effects we discuss different choices of the nucleon current operator and also analyze the effects due to the relativistic treatment of the outgoing-distorted and bound nucleon wave functions.
description: 9 pages RevTeX, 5 figures can be obtained from the authors
On Lie-point symmetries for Ito stochastic differential equations
Creators: name: Gaeta, Giuseppe
name: Lunini, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the deterministic realm, both differential equations and symmetry generators are geometrical objects, and behave properly under changes of coordinates; actually this property is essential to make symmetry analysis independent of the choice of coordinates and applicable. When trying to extend symmetry analysis to stochastic (Ito) differential equations, we are faced with a problem inherent to their very nature: they are not geometrical object, and they behave in their own way (synthesized by the Ito formula) under changes of coordinates. Thus it is not obvious that symmetries are preserved under a change of coordinates. We will study when this is the case, and when it is not; the conclusion is that this is always the case for so called \emph{simple} symmetries. We will also note that Kozlov theory relating symmetry and integrability for stochastic differential equations is confirmed by our considerations and results, as symmetries of the type relevant in it are indeed of the type preserved under coordinate changes.
description: To appear in Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics
Unraveling the morphological and stratigraphic signature of global climate events within the Planum Boreum of Mars
Creators: name: Nerozzi, Stefano
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2019
Subjects: Mars
Planum Boreum
Water ice
Climate

description: Planum Boreum (PB) is a dome of layered icy material rising ~3 km above the surrounding plains in the northern hemisphere of Mars, and is divided into two main units: the lithic-rich basal unit (BU) and the overlying water ice-rich north polar layered deposits (NPLD). Since their discovery, the rich stratigraphic record of the NPLD has long been regarded as the key for understanding the most recent climate evolution of Mars and its dependency on periodical variations of Mars’ orbital parameters. The emplacement of the NPLD represents a major, global-scale shift of water ice on Mars, likely driven by climate change, yet the reasons and time scale for this event are still unknown. Similarly, the underlying BU likely recorded polar geologic processes and global climate in the Amazonian Period (3 Ga until present) in its strata and morphology, yet this unit remains largely unexplored. This is primarily due to limited outcrops of the lowermost NPLD and the underlying BU, as well as an incomplete understanding of the role of polar geologic processes in the context of global climate change. The large amount of remote sensing data acquired in recent years opens the possibility to better decipher the geologic record of PB with an integrated approach that couples radar sounding, high-resolution visible imagery and general circulation modeling. In this dissertation, I present three studies that take advantage of the extremely dense and extensive coverage of radar data over PB to map the lowermost NPLD and uppermost BU in their entirety, and integrate these with analysis of newly acquired high-resolution visible imagery of the BU-NPLD contact to reconstruct the transitional environment between the two units in great detail. These studies provide the observational constraints necessary to run general circulation models specifically tuned to the north polar region of Mars, and test their sensitivity to predicted Mars’ varying orbital parameters. This approach has the unique potential to determine which driving forces and geologic processes are responsible for the initial emplacement of the largest water ice reservoir in the northern hemisphere of Mars.
Benutzer-Handbuch Dipog-1.4
Creators: name: Schmidt, Gunther
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: diffraction grating
subject: simulation
subject: optimization
subject: FEM-BEM coupling
subject: 78A45
subject: 65N30
subject: 42.79.Dj
subject: 42.40.Eq
subject: 02.70.Dh

description: This is the manual of the software package DIPOG, version 1.4, which can be used to simulate and optimize binary and multilevel optical gratings. The algorithms are based on the finite--element solution of a system of Helmholtz equations, which are equivalent to the timeharmonic electromagnetic field equations, and on gradient methods for solving optimization problems. The package offers several options to postprocess the calculated electromagnetic fields.
title: Ubykh2, listeXXVIII
Creators: name: Michailovsky, Boyd
name: Dumézil, Georges
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Ubykh
subject: uby

description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Von der Unternehmensstrategie zum zielgerichteten Wissensmanagement
Creators: name: Minonne, Clemente
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wissensmanagement

description: Kein Abstract vorhanden
description: + ID der Publikation: hslu_60709 + Art des Beitrages: Fachmedien + Jahrgang: 2008 + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2019-12-17 17:16:04
Five Contributions to Natural Philosophy
Creators: name: Noll, Walter
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: [0] Introduction [1] On the Illusion of Physical Space [2] On Material Frame Indifference [3] Updating The Non-Linear Field Theories of Mechanics [4] The Theory of Simple Semi-Liquids, a Conceptual Framework for Rheology [5] Nematic Semi-Liquids
Universal Distances for Extended Persistence
Creators: name: Bauer, Ulrich
name: Botnan, Magnus Bakke
name: Fluhr, Benedikt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 55N31 (Primary), 62R40 (Secondary)

description: The extended persistence diagram is an invariant of piecewise linear functions, which is known to be stable under perturbations of functions with respect to the bottleneck distance as introduced by Cohen-Steiner, Edelsbrunner, and Harer. We address the question of universality, which asks for the largest possible stable distance on extended persistence diagrams, showing that a more discriminative variant of the bottleneck distance is universal. Our result applies more generally to settings where persistence diagrams are considered only up to a certain degree. We achieve our results by establishing a functorial construction and several characteristic properties of relative interlevel set homology, which mirror the classical Eilenberg--Steenrod axioms. Finally, we contrast the bottleneck distance with the interleaving distance of sheaves on the real line by showing that the latter is not intrinsic, let alone universal. This particular result has the further implication that the interleaving distance of Reeb graphs is not intrinsic either.
description: 30 pages + 15 pages appendix, 19 figures, LaTeX; moved an appendix to arXiv:2108.09298, generalization of results to restricted extended persistence diagrams, added discussion of relations to interleaving distances of sheaves and of Reeb graphs, correction of a sign mistake in the proof of lemma 3.2 with additional details in appendix D, updated references, several minor edits
title: A Bio-Optical Model for Syringodium filiforme Canopies
Creators: name: Stoughton, Margaret A.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2009

description: Seagrasses are significant ecological and biogeochemical agents in shallow water ecosystems throughout the world. In many regions, seagrass meadows occupy a sufficient fraction of the coastal zone, and generate optical signatures that can be observed from space. Bio-optical models of light absorption and scattering by submerged plant canopies for certain species such as Thalassia testudinum and Zostera marina have successfully modeled the plane irradiance distribution and photosynthesis within the submerged canopies. Syringodium filiforme differs &om T. testudinttm and Z marina, in leaf morphology and canopy architecture. The objective of this study was to develop a radiative transfer model that accurately predicts the light absorbed and reflected by the canopy of this morphologically unique, and abundant tropical seagrass. The approach involved modifying Zimmerman's (2003) flat leaf bio-optical model by incorporating the unique vertical biomass distribution of S. filiforme. Leaf length frequency data along with the assumption of a spherical canopy allowed the parameterization of the unique architecture of the seagrass canopy. Model predictions of downwelling irradiance and attenuation coefficients within the Syringodium filiforme canopies were consistent with field measurements, therefore providing a robust tool for predicting photosynthetic performance of these seagrass canopies. Model predictions of top of the canopy upwelling irradiances, as well as top of the canopy reflectances were also consistent with field measurements. This predictive understanding will help to develop global algorithms for remote sensing of the abundance and productivity of this species that will lead to better coastal management practices.
Understanding the role of stochastic atmospheric forcing in tropical Pacific decadal variability and ENSO modulation
Creators: name: Sun, Tianyi
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2019
Subjects: Decadal climate variability
El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Tropical Pacific climate

description: Interdecadal variability of the tropical Pacific affects global hydroclimate and ecosystem and is suggested to modulate global mean temperature in the past century. It has been long acknowledged that Pacific decadal variability can be generated in the extratropics through integration of stochastic atmospheric forcing by the ocean mixed layer. However, it remains unclear how the extratropical signal propagates into the tropical Pacific and forms a basin-wide anomaly pattern and how the resultant tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) interacts with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the dominant mode of interannual climate variability. To answer this question, a suite of climate model experiments is conducted with small time-invariant surface heat flux anomalies associated with the leading atmospheric modes in the extratropical South and North Pacific. The results show that subtropical ocean-atmosphere anomalies driven by the surface heat flux forcing propagate into the tropical Pacific mainly through thermodynamic ocean-atmosphere interactions, with ocean dynamics playing an important role in modifying the equatorial sea surface temperature (SST) response. The associated changes in the tropical Pacific mean state not only extend climate anomalies into the other hemisphere through atmospheric teleconnections, but also significantly affect the properties of ENSO. In particular, the ENSO-like TPDV affects the relative frequency of El Niño and La Niña. To investigate the causality and mechanism of this linkage, a separate set of climate model experiments is conducted by imposing surface heat flux anomalies associated with the ENSO-like TPDV in the tropical Pacific. The forced mean state change affects the frequency of El Niño and La Niña events by modulating the SST contrast between the tropical Pacific and the Indian/Atlantic Oceans and associated zonal wind anomalies in the western Pacific. This study presents in detail the atmospheric and oceanic mechanisms by which extratropical atmospheric forcing induces basin-wide coherent patterns of TPDV that can further affect ENSO characteristics, which has not been systematically studied in fully coupled climate models. The results also show that the tropical Pacific is more strongly influenced by the South Pacific through both thermodynamic processes and ocean dynamics. The strong oceanic linkage to the South Pacific allows delayed negative oceanic feedback to effectively affect the equatorial Pacific SST, which may be important for setting up the time scales of TPDV.
The Mass Assembly and Star Formation Characteristics of Field Galaxies of Known Morphology
Creators: name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Ellis, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a new method for inferring the stellar mass of a distant galaxy of known redshift based on the combination of a near-infrared luminosity and multi-band optical photometry. The typical uncertainty for field galaxies with I<22 in the redshift range 0
description: 8 pages, 3 figures (2 colour). Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Saturn mean argument_Tabule magne_Recomputed by Husson (Matthieu) (2022) | Type-C (ID n° 858)
Creators: name: Husson, Matthieu
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: Astronomy
History of astronomy
DISHAS
Astronomical table

description: This is a type C edition: A type-C edition is a recalculated version of a table using modern computation methods.
You can find it on the DISHAS project website from this link: https://dishas.obspm.fr/table-edition/858
The Schwarzschild solution in the DGP model
Creators: name: Middleton, Chad
name: Siopsis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the Schwarzschild solution in the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) model. We obtain a perturbative expansion and find the explicit form of the lowest-order contribution. By keeping off-diagonal terms in the metric, we arrive at a perturbative expansion which is valid both far from and near the Schwarzschild radius. We calculate the lowest-order contribution explicitly and obtain the form of the metric both on the brane and in the bulk. As we approach the Schwarzschild radius, the perturbative expansion yields the standard four-dimensional Schwarzschild solution on the brane which is non-singular in the decoupling limit. This non-singular behavior is similar to the Vainshtein solution in massive gravity demonstrating the absence of the van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov (vDVZ) discontinuity in the DGP model.
description: 10 pages; more straightforward derivation of perturbative expansion incl. an interpolating solution
Gauge field entanglement of Kitaev's honeycomb model
Creators: name: Dóra, Balázs
name: Moessner, Roderich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spin fractionalizes into matter and gauge fermions in Kitaev's spin liquid on the honeycomb lattice. This follows from a Jordan-Wigner mapping to fermions, allowing for the construction of minimal entropy ground state wavefunction on the cylinder. We use this to calculate the entanglement entropy by choosing several distinct partitionings. First, by partitioning an infinite cylinder into two, the $-\ln 2$ topological entanglement entropy is reconfirmed. Second, the reduced density matrix of the gauge sector on the full cylinder is obtained after tracing out the matter degrees of freedom. This allows for evaluating the gauge entanglement Hamiltonian, which contains infinitely long range correlations along the symmetry axis of the cylinder. The matter-gauge entanglement entropy is $(N_y-1)\ln 2$ with $N_y$ the circumference of the cylinder. Third, the rules for calculating the gauge sector entanglement of any partition are determined. Rather small correctly chosen gauge partitions can still account for the topological entanglement entropy in spite of long-range correlations in the gauge entanglement Hamiltonian.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
The Origin of the Solar Flare Waiting-Time Distribution
Creators: name: Wheatland, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently pointed out that the distribution of times between solar flares (the flare waiting-time distribution) follows a power law, for long waiting times. Based on 25 years of soft X-ray flares observed by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) instruments it is shown that 1. the waiting-time distribution of flares is consistent with a time-dependent Poisson process, and 2. the fraction of time the Sun spends with different flaring rates approximately follows an exponential distribution. The second result is a new phenomenological law for flares. It is shown analytically how the observed power-law behavior of the waiting times originates in the exponential distribution of flaring rates. These results are argued to be consistent with a non-stationary avalanche model for flares.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted by ApJ Letters
Root estimation in Galton-Watson trees
Creators: name: Brandenberger, Anna M.
name: Devroye, Luc
name: Goh, Marcel K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given only the free-tree structure of a tree, the root estimation problem asks if one can guess which of the free tree's nodes is the root of the original tree. We determine the maximum-likelihood estimator for the root of a free tree when the underlying tree is a size-conditioned Galton-Watson tree and calculate its probability of being correct.
description: 24 pages, TeX; the main change is that Section 3 has been removed and its proofs incorporated into other sections; various other small fixes and changes for readability
Finite-Dimensional Spaces: Algebra, Geometry, and Analysis Volume I
Creators: name: Noll, Walter
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This treatise (consisting of the present Vol.I and of Vol.II, to be published) is primarily intended to be a textbook for a core course in mathematics at the advanced undergraduate or the beginning graduate level. The treatise should also be useful as a textbook for selected students in honors programs at the sophomore and junior level. Finally, it should be of use to theoretically inclined scientists and engineers who wish to gain a better understanding of those parts of mathematics that are most likely to help them gain insight into the conceptual foundations of the scientific discipline of their interest.
title: Optimising Surveillance and the Delivery of Targeted Interventions to Achieve Malaria Elimination in Eastern Myanmar
Creators: name: Rae, Jade D D
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2024

description: Malaria elimination is possible with the existing tools, however, control efforts must be accelerated while these tools remain effective due to the emergence and spread of antimalarial-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites. The timely collection and analysis of surveillance data allow programs to monitor and respond to decreases in the early uptake of diagnosis and treatment services and increases in incidence and is, therefore, essential in delivering an effective malaria elimination strategy. This thesis describes the collection and analysis of surveillance data used to support the operation of 1,261 malaria posts in the Malaria Elimination Task Force (METF) program in Karen State, Myanmar.

Since the commencement of the METF program, there have been significant declines in P. falciparum incidence across Karen State, malaria testing rates have remained stable, and the majority of individuals have continued to seek malaria testing within 48 hours of fever onset. This has all been possible in an area of political and geographic complexity and during periods of disruption (COVID-19 village lockdowns in 2020 and the ongoing military coup in Myanmar, which began in 2021). These findings highlight the importance of accessible, village-based malaria posts and ongoing community engagement activities to maintain service uptake as malaria incidence declines.

With declines in P. falciparum incidence, the emergence of high transmission foci has prevented local elimination. In the central West of Northern Karen State, persistent foci in 2021 were identified using a data-driven approach utilising routinely collected surveillance data. Additional targeted interventions can accelerate elimination efforts in these hard-to-control areas. However, the effectiveness of these interventions is likely determined by a range of context-specific factors.

Despite the many obstacles, the delivery of an effective malaria elimination program can be supported by the continued collection and utilisation of detailed surveillance data, which promote the acceleration of malaria elimination efforts in Karen State and globally.
Replicated Bethe Free Energy: A Variational Principle behind Survey Propagation
Creators: name: Kabashima, Yoshiyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scheme to provide various mean-field-type approximation algorithms is presented by employing the Bethe free energy formalism to a family of replicated systems in conjunction with analytical continuation with respect to the number of replicas. In the scheme, survey propagation (SP), which is an efficient algorithm developed recently for analyzing the microscopic properties of glassy states for a fixed sample of disordered systems, can be reproduced by assuming the simplest replica symmetry on stationary points of the replicated Bethe free energy. Belief propagation and generalized SP can also be offered in the identical framework under assumptions of the highest and broken replica symmetries, respectively.
description: appeared in Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 74, 2133-2136 (2005)
Reducing Certification Granularity to Increase Adaptability of Avionics Software
Creators: name: Rayrole, Martin
name: Faura, David
name: Gatti, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68M15

description: A strong certification process is required to insure the safety of airplanes, and more specifically the robustness of avionics applications. To implement this process, the development of avionics software must follow long and costly procedures. Most of these procedures have to be reexecuted each time the software is modified. In this paper, we propose a framework to reduce the cost and time impact of a software modification. With this new approach, the piece of software likely to change is isolated from the rest of the application, so it can be certified independently. This helps the system integrator to adapt an avionics application to the specificities of the target airplane, without the need for a new certification of the application.
description: IEEE/AIAA 32nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), 2013
The accumulation and preservation of fluvial and aeolian strata
Creators: name: Cardenas, Benjamin Thomas
name: 0000-0001-7246-219X
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2019
Subjects: Sedimentary geology
Stratigraphy
Sedimentology
Fluvial
Aeolian
3D seismic

description: Sedimentary rocks are a record of the four-dimensional evolution of a planetary surface. Geomorphic features, including fluvial and aeolian dunes, river bars, and entire river channels move across Earth’s surface. As Earth’s surface evolves with this movement, sediment may accumulate in one location or be removed from another. In this way, through the unsteady processes of deposition and erosion, geomorphology is translated into stratigraphy, and time is lithified. Learning to read this record of Earth’s surface evolution is a fundamental goal of sedimentology. This dissertation covers three contributions to this effort. Though the chapters cover different types of sedimentary systems (fluvial and aeolian) at different scales (outcrop and seismic imaging), the fundamental driving questions are largely the same: which elements of the ancient sedimentary systems have been preserved? How is time represented? How do internal processes and external forcings control what makes it into the rock record? Chapter 2 is an examination of exhumed fluvial channel belts of the Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA. Analysis of outcrop mapping and vertical and lateral sections confirm the preservation of complete barforms, river bed topography, and the formative channel-belt centerline. These features are representative of an aggradational fluvial system avulsing at rapid rates compared to lateral migration rates. Additionally, the preserved strata were constructed rapidly, indicating most of the time recorded in the channel belts is flattened onto erosional surfaces at the bases of each channel belt. Chapter 3 looks at fluvial channel belt preservation at the km scale, using seismic reflection volumes of the subsurface Gulf of Mexico offshore of the Brazos river delta, Texas, USA. Channel belts of two distinct preservation qualities are observed, and their stratigraphic arrangement confirms that a recently discovered source of relief in coastal zones aids in the preservation of channel belts. Chapter 4 discusses an outcrop study of the aeolian Page Sandstone, Arizona, USA. The Page is the record of multiple stacked, generally bypassing dune fields, only preserved because of a fluctuating water table. The lack of dune field aggradation is attributed to a lack of external processes forcing deposition. An exception is found within antecedent topographic depressions, which have preserved climbing cross-sets built by small dunes during the earliest phases of dune field development. Such deposits are absent from the rest of the Page, as they are inevitably reworked in the absence of available antecedent topography.
Deep Learning Beyond Lefschetz Thimbles
Creators: name: Alexandru, Andrei
name: Bedaque, Paulo
name: Lamm, Henry
name: Lawrence, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized thimble method to treat field theories with sign problems requires repeatedly solving the computationally-expensive holomorphic flow equations. We present a machine learning technique to bypass this problem. The central idea is to obtain a few field configurations via the flow equations to train a feed-forward neural network. The trained network defines a new manifold of integration which reduces the sign problem and can be rapidly sampled. We present results for the $1+1$ dimensional Thirring model with Wilson fermions on sizable lattices. In addition to the gain in speed, the parameterization of the integration manifold we use avoids the "trapping" of Monte Carlo chains which plagues large-flow calculations, a considerable shortcoming of the previous attempts.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
title: Ubykh2, listeXXIX
Creators: name: Michailovsky, Boyd
name: Dumézil, Georges
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Ubykh
subject: uby

description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Class maps for visualizing classification results
Creators: name: Raymaekers, Jakob
name: Rousseeuw, Peter J.
name: Hubert, Mia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Classification is a major tool of statistics and machine learning. A classification method first processes a training set of objects with given classes (labels), with the goal of afterward assigning new objects to one of these classes. When running the resulting prediction method on the training data or on test data, it can happen that an object is predicted to lie in a class that differs from its given label. This is sometimes called label bias, and raises the question whether the object was mislabeled. The proposed class map reflects the probability that an object belongs to an alternative class, how far it is from the other objects in its given class, and whether some objects lie far from all classes. The goal is to visualize aspects of the classification results to obtain insight in the data. The display is constructed for discriminant analysis, the k-nearest neighbor classifier, support vector machines, logistic regression, and coupling pairwise classifications. It is illustrated on several benchmark datasets, including some about images and texts.
description: Appeared online, Technometrics
title: Shaping metallic nanolattices
title: Design by microcontact printing from wrinkled stamps
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Wang, Xuepu
name: Sperling, Marcel
name: Reifarth, Martin
name: Böker, Alexander
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten

description: A method for the fabrication of well-defined metallic nanostructures is presented here in a simple and straightforward fashion. As an alternative to lithographic techniques, this routine employs microcontact printing utilizing wrinkled stamps, which are prepared from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and includes the formation of hydrophobic stripe patterns on a substrate via the transfer of oligomeric PDMS. Subsequent backfilling of the interspaces between these stripes with a hydroxyl-functional poly(2-vinyl pyridine) then provides the basic pattern for the deposition of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles promoted by electrostatic interaction. The resulting metallic nanostripes can be further customized by peeling off particles in a second microcontact printing step, which employs poly(ethylene imine) surface-decorated wrinkled stamps, to form nanolattices. Due to the independent adjustability of the period dimensions of the wrinkled stamps and stamp orientation with respect to the substrate, particle arrays on the (sub)micro-scale with various kinds of geometries are accessible in a straightforward fashion. This work provides an alternative, cost-effective, and scalable surface-patterning technique to fabricate nanolattice structures applicable to multiple types of functional nanoparticles. Being a top-down method, this process could be readily implemented into, e.g., the fabrication of optical and sensing devices on a large scale.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1391
Finite models, stability and Ramsey's theorem
Creators: name: Ensley, Douglas E.
name: Grossberg, Rami
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Abstract: "We prove some results on the border of Ramsey theory (finite partition calculus) and model theory. Also a beginning of classification theory for classes of finite models is undertaken."
Accelerating Cosmologies from Exponential Potentials
Creators: name: Neupane, Ishwaree P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exponential potential of the form $V\sim \exp(-2c ϕ/M_p)$ arising from the hyperbolic or flux compactification of higher-dimensional theories is of interest for getting short periods of accelerated cosmological expansions. Using a similar potential but derived for the combined case of hyperbolic-flux compactification, we study the four-dimensional flat (and open) FLRW cosmologies and give analytic (and numerical) solutions with exponential behavior of scale factors. We show that, for the M-theory motivated potentials, the cosmic acceleration of the universe can be eternal if the spatial curvature of the 4d spacetime is negative, while the acceleration is only transient for a spatially flat universe. We also comment on the size of the internal space and its associated geometric bounds on massive Kaluza-Klein excitations.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures; minor typos fixed
Outlier detection in non-elliptical data by kernel MRCD
Creators: name: Schreurs, Joachim
name: Vranckx, Iwein
name: Hubert, Mia
name: Suykens, Johan A. K.
name: Rousseeuw, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The minimum regularized covariance determinant method (MRCD) is a robust estimator for multivariate location and scatter, which detects outliers by fitting a robust covariance matrix to the data. Its regularization ensures that the covariance matrix is well-conditioned in any dimension. The MRCD assumes that the non-outlying observations are roughly elliptically distributed, but many datasets are not of that form. Moreover, the computation time of MRCD increases substantially when the number of variables goes up, and nowadays datasets with many variables are common. The proposed Kernel Minimum Regularized Covariance Determinant (KMRCD) estimator addresses both issues. It is not restricted to elliptical data because it implicitly computes the MRCD estimates in a kernel induced feature space. A fast algorithm is constructed that starts from kernel-based initial estimates and exploits the kernel trick to speed up the subsequent computations. Based on the KMRCD estimates, a rule is proposed to flag outliers. The KMRCD algorithm performs well in simulations, and is illustrated on real-life data.
The structure of the neutron deficient Sn isotopes
Creators: name: Holt, A.
name: Engeland, T.
name: Hjorth-Jensen, M.
name: Osnes, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the spectra for the neutron deficient Sn isotopes with mass numbers from A=102 to A=108, using standard many-body techniques. The G-matrix used in the perturbative expansion was calculated using the Bonn potentials. A good agreement with the available data is obtained.
description: 9 pages, plain Latex, report UiO/PHYS/93-21
title: Numerical Experiments with the Quasigeostrophic Potential-Vorticity Equation
Creators: name: Spence, Peter L.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1984

description: A method is developed to model the circulation of a barotropic, 8-plane ocean under an imposed steady wind stress. The model includes the effect of both horizontal and vertical friction along with nonlinear advection of vorticity. Implementing the method involves solving the unsteady quasigeostrophic potential-vorticity equation using a compact finite difference scheme (Gatski, Grosch, and Rose, 1982).

Once developed, this model is used in four separate numerical experiments. In each experiment, a model ocean with an initial flow field is driven to a steady state solution. Vertical viscosity is held constant in the first three experiments while lateral viscosity is decreased for each experiment. In the fourth experiment, vertical viscosity is relaxed while lateral viscosity is held constant.

Results show westward intensification in each of the experiments. Rossby waves appear to form in the north-west region of the computational domain in the less viscous fourth experiment.