cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A first proof of principle booster setup for the MADMAX dielectric haloscope
Creators: name: Egge, Jacob
name: Knirck, Stefan
name: Majorovits, Béla
name: Moore, Christopher
name: Reimann, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axions and axion-like particles are excellent low-mass dark matter candidates. The MADMAX experiment aims to directly detect galactic axions with masses between $40\,μ{\rm eV}$ and $400\,μ{\rm eV}$ by using the axion-induced emission of electromagnetic waves from boundaries between materials of different dielectric constants under a strong magnetic field. Combining many such surfaces, this emission can be significantly enhanced (boosted) using constructive interference and resonances. We present a first proof of principle realization of such a booster system consisting of a copper mirror and up to five sapphire disks. The electromagnetic response of the system is investigated by reflectivity measurements. The mechanical accuracy, calibration process of unwanted reflections and the repeatability of a basic tuning algorithm to place the disks are investigated. We find that for the presented cases the electromagnetic response in terms of the group delay predicted by one-dimensional calculations is sufficiently realized in our setup. The repeatability of the tuning is at the percent level, and would have small impact on the sensitivity of such a booster.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures; minor changes, introduction and references expanded, matches published version
The Tourism Supply Linkage: Recreational Sites and their Related Natural Amenities
Creators: name: Marcouiller, David W.
name: Prey, Jeff
name: Marcouiller, David W.
name: Prey, Jeff
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Productivity Analysis

description: While the demand aspects of publicly provided recreation and tourism-related travel have long held the spotlight of research, the supply or production side remains inexact and relatively unexplored. In this manuscript, we focus on supply components of recreational resources and their links with tourism incidence in Wisconsin. The supply of recreation and tourism is a complex combination of natural amenities, recreational sites, access, and private sector business activity which is influenced by an array of factors that act to provide opportunities that satisfy leisure-based travel demands. Measures of recreational site density that account for both physical/geographic size and population, or social capacity are used as key explanatory variables in models of tourism dependence. Results suggest that tourism dependence in Wisconsin involves both recreation sites and natural amenities. Assessing tourism production without incorporation of these non-priced latent inputs provides an incomplete characterization of the tourism phenomenon.
Surface scaling analysis of hydrogels: From multiaffine to self-affine scaling
Creators: name: Buendia, G. M.
name: Mitchell, S. J.
name: Rikvold, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that smoothing of multiaffine surfaces that are generated by simulating a crosslinked polymer gel by a frustrated, triangular network of springs of random equilibrium lengths [G.M. Buend{\'ı}a, S.J. Mitchell, P.A. Rikvold, Phys. Rev. E 66 (2002) 046119] changes the scaling behavior of the surfaces such that they become self-affine. The self-affine behavior is consistent with recent atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of the surface structure of crosslinked polymer gels into which voids are introduced through templating by surfactant micelles [M. Chakrapani, S.J. Mitchell, D.H. Van Winkle, P.A. Rikvold, J. Colloid Interface Sci., in press]. The smoothing process mimics the effect of the AFM tip that tends to flatten the soft gel surfaces. Both the experimental and the simulated surfaces have a non-trivial scaling behavior on small length scales, with a crossover to scale-independent behavior on large scales.
description: 7 pages, with 3 figures embedded
Twisted cyclic homology of all Podles quantum spheres
Creators: name: Hadfield, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58B34, 19D55, 81R50, 46L

description: We calculate the twisted Hochschild and cyclic homology (in the sense of Kustermans, Murphy and Tuset) of all Podles quantum spheres relative to arbitary automorphisms. Our calculations are based on a free resolution due to Masuda, Nakagami and Watanabe. The dimension drop in Hochschild homology can be overcome by twisting by automorphisms induced from the canonical modular automorphism associated to the Haar state on quantum SU(2). We specialize our results to the standard quantum sphere, and identify the class in twisted cyclic cohomology of the 2-cocycle discovered by Schmuedgen and Wagner corresponding to the distinguished covariant differential calculus found by Podles.
description: 17 pages, no figures, uses the amscd package. v6: final version accepted for publication
New records and a revision of the actual and potential distribution of Discoglossus montalentii to facilitate future conservation assessments
Creators: name: Beukema, Wouter
name: Bruni, Giacomo
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60299 Ecology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The Corsican Painted Frog Discoglossus montalentii has received little research attention since its discovery, which creates uncertainty about its distribution and conservation status. We here use a combination of field surveys, ecological niche modelling (ENM) and niche overlap analyses to (i) update the D. montalentii distribution; (ii) determine its potential range, and (iii) assess if presence of Discoglossus sardus influences that of D. montalentii. Our surveys reveal presence of D. montalentii at low and mid-altitudes throughout Cap Corse and near the north-western coast, while ENMs suggest that similar climatically and topographically suitable habitats occur beyond the confirmed range in northern- and westernmost Corsica. No evidence for competitive exclusion by D. sardus was found, with both species displaying broad niche overlap at macroscale. Whether potential differences between these species do exist at microhabitat level remains worth exploring. We finally review the conservation status of D. montalentii, and assemble practical knowledge to inform future conservation assessments.
Performance of Localized Coupled Cluster Methods in a Moderately Strong Correlation Regime: Hückel-Möbius Interconversions in Expanded Porphyrins
Creators: name: Sylvetsky, Nitai
name: Banerjee, Ambar
name: Alonso, Mercedes
name: Martin, Jan M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Localized orbital coupled cluster theory has recently emerged as an nonempirical alternative to DFT for large systems. Intuitively, one might expect such methods to perform less well for highly delocalized systems. In the present work, we apply both canonical CCSD(T) and a variety of localized approximations thereto to a set of expanded porphyrins -- systems that can switch between Hückel, figure-eight, and Möbius topologies under external stimuli. Both minima and isomerization transition states are considered. We find that Möbius(-like) structures have much stronger static correlation character than the remaining structures, and that this causes significant errors in DLPNO-CCSD(T) and even DLPNO-CCSD(T1) approaches, unless TightPNO cutoffs are employed. If sub-kcal/mol reproduction of canonical relative energies is required even for Möbius-type systems (or other systems plagued by strong static correlation), then Nagy and Kallay's LNO-CCSD(T) method with "tight" settings can provide that, at much greater computational expense than either the PNO-LCCSD(T) or DLPNO-LCCSD(T) approaches but with still a much gentler CPU time scaling than canonical approaches. We would propose the present POLYPYR21 dataset as a benchmark for localized orbital methods, or more broadly, for the ability of lower-level methods to handle energetics with strongly varying degrees of static correlation.
description: 27 pages; revised version. J. Chem. Theory. Comput., ASAP (2020)
The Environment, Economics and Water Policies
Creators: name: Stringer, Randy
name: Stringer, Randy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Water's unique physical properties. complex. economic characteristics, important cultural features, and essential role in supporting all life on earth distinguish it from all other natural resources. These multifaceted characteristics mean that developing effective water policies involves economic, ecological, environmental, legal,·and political considerations. In most societies, political considerations dominate water use decisions. Nonetheless, most water policy options are framed and discussed in economic terms. This paper examines how environmental economics contributes to this policymaking process. The paper outlines how economists have responded to the most recent wave of sustainable development concerns by adapting and expanding the neoclassical framework in ways that provide a compelling view and a practical basis for addressing water-related environmental concerns. It suggests that, whenever possible, incentive-based, market approaches to social goals, including environmental protection, offer the best hope for efficient and sustainable use of water resources.
All electromagnetic form factors
Creators: name: Nowakowski, Marek
name: Paschos, E. A.
name: Rodriguez, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic form factors of spin-1/2 particles are known, but due to historical reasons only half of them are found in many textbooks. Given the importance of the general result, its model independence, its connection to discrete symmetries and their violations we made an effort to derive and present the general result based only on the knowledge of Dirac equation. We discuss the phenomenology connected directly with the form factors, and spin precession in external fields including time reversal violating terms. We apply the formalism to spin-flip synchrotron radiation and suggest pedagogical projects.
description: Latex, 22 pages
The Little-Hopfield model on a Random Graph
Creators: name: Castillo, I. Pérez
name: Skantzos, N. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Hopfield model on a random graph in scaling regimes where the average number of connections per neuron is a finite number and where the spin dynamics is governed by a synchronous execution of the microscopic update rule (Little-Hopfield model).We solve this model within replica symmetry and by using bifurcation analysis we prove that the spin-glass/paramagnetic and the retrieval/paramagnetictransition lines of our phase diagram are identical to those of sequential dynamics.The first-order retrieval/spin-glass transition line follows by direct evaluation of our observables using population dynamics. Within the accuracy of numerical precision and for sufficiently small values of the connectivity parameter we find that this line coincides with the corresponding sequential one. Comparison with simulation experiments shows excellent agreement.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Nobeyama 45-m Mapping Observations toward Orion A.I. Molecular Outflows
Creators: name: Tanabe, Yoshihiro
name: Nakamura, Fumitaka
name: Tsukagoshi, Takashi
name: Shimajiri, Yoshito
name: Ishii, Shun
name: Kawabe, Ryohei
name: Feddersen, Jesse R.
name: Kong, Shuo
name: Arce, Hector G.
name: Bally, John
name: Carpenter, John M.
name: Momose, Munetake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conducted an exploration of 12CO molecular outflows in the Orion A giant molecular cloud to investigate outflow feedback using 12CO (J = 1-0) and 13CO (J = 1-0) data obtained by the Nobeyama 45-m telescope. In the region excluding the center of OMC 1, we identified 44 12CO (including 17 newly detected) outflows based on the unbiased and systematic procedure of automatically determining the velocity range of the outflows and separating the cloud and outflow components. The optical depth of the 12CO emission in the detected outflows is estimated to be approximately 5. The total momentum and energy of the outflows, corrected for optical depth, are estimated to be 1.6 x 10 2 M km s-1 and 1.5 x 10 46 erg, respectively. The momentum and energy ejection rate of the outflows are estimated to be 36% and 235% of the momentum and energy dissipation rates of the cloud turbulence, respectively. Furthermore, the ejection rates of the outflows are comparable to those of the expanding molecular shells estimated by Feddersen et al. (2018, ApJ, 862, 121). Cloud turbulence cannot be sustained by the outflows and shells unless the energy conversion efficiency is as high as 20%.
Helium-rich EHB Stars in Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Moehler, S.
name: Sweigart, A. V.
name: Landsman, W. B.
name: Dreizler, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent UV observations of the most massive Galactic globular clusters show a significant population of hot stars below the zero-age HB (``blue hook'' stars), which cannot be explained by canonical stellar evolution. Stars which suffer unusually large mass loss on the red giant branch and thus experience the helium-core flash while descending the white dwarf cooling curve could populate this region. They should show higher temperatures than the hottest canonical HB stars and their atmospheres should be helium-rich and probably C/N-rich. We have obtained spectra of blue hook stars in omega Cen and NGC 2808 to test this possibility. Our analysis shows that the blue hook stars in these clusters reach effective temperatures well beyond the hot end of the canonical EHB and have higher helium abundances than canonical EHB stars. These results support the hypothesis that the blue hook stars arise from stars which ignite helium on the white dwarf cooling curve.
description: LaTeX, 8 pages, 3 figures, uses Kluwer style files (included), to appear in "Extreme Horizontal Branch Stars and Related Objects", Astrophysics and Space Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, proceedings of the meeting held in Keele, UK, June 16-20, 2003
Collective modes of ultracold fermionic alkaline-earth gases with SU(N) symmetry
Creators: name: Choudhury, Sayan
name: Islam, Kazi R.
name: Hou, Yanhua
name: Aman, Jim A.
name: Killian, Thomas C.
name: Hazzard, Kaden R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the collective modes of ultracold trapped alkaline-earth fermionic atoms, which possess an SU($N$) symmetry of the nuclear spin degree of freedom, and a controllable $N$, with $N$ as large as $10$. We calculate the breathing and quadrupole modes of two-dimensional and three-dimensional harmonically trapped gases in the normal phase. We particularly concentrate on two-dimensional gases, where the shift is more accessible experimentally, and the physics has special features. We present results as a function of temperature, interaction strength, density, and $N$. We include calculations across the collisionless to hydrodynamic crossover. We assume the gas is interacting weakly, such that it can be described by a Boltzmann-Vlasov equation that includes both mean-field terms and the collision integral. We solve this with an approximate scaling ansatz, taking care in two-dimensions to preserve the scaling symmetry of the system. We predict the collective mode frequency shifts and damping, showing that these are measurable in experimentally relevant regimes. We expect these results to furnish powerful tools to characterize interactions and the state of alkaline-earth gases, as well as to lay the foundation for future work, for example on strongly interacting gases and SU($N$) spin modes.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures (including appendices)
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) combretum McMurtry & Moraes
Creators: name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
name: Zannou, Ignace D.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal R.
name: Hanna, Rachid
name: Yaninek, John S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Typhlodromus
Typhlodromus combretum

description: Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) combretum McMurtry & Moraes
 Typhlodromus combretum McMurtry & Moraes, 1991: 23.
 Amblydromella (Aphanoseia) combretum, Denmark & Welbourn, 2002: 308.
 Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) combretum, Moraes et al., 2004: 318; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 152.
 Remarks. Female with idiosomal setal pattern 12A:8A/JV:ZV; dorsal shield reticulate; dorsal setae stout and slightly serrate; setae r3 and R1 inserted on integument; sternal shield indistinct; ventrianal shield subquadrate, with 4 pairs of pre-anal setae (seta JV3 present); calyx of spermatheca saccular, constricted next to vesicle; peritreme extending to level of j1; fixed cheliceral digit apparently with 4 teeth and movable digit apparently with 1 to 2 teeth; with knobbed macrosetae only on genu, tibia and basitarsus of leg IV. Described from specimens collected from Huange National Park, Zimbabwe, on Combretum sp. No additional specimens were collected in the present study.
 World distribution. Zimbabwe.
description: Published as part of Ueckermann, Edward A., Zannou, Ignace D., De Moraes, Gilberto J., Oliveira, Anibal R., Hanna, Rachid & Yaninek, John S., 2008, Phytoseiid mites of the tribe Typhlodromini (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from sub-Saharan Africa, pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 1901 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1901.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134045
Iterated function systems, representations, and Hilbert space
Creators: name: Jorgensen, Palle E. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C40; 42A16; 43A65; 42A65

description: This paper studies a general class of Iterated Function Systems (IFS). No contractivity assumptions are made, other than the existence of some compact attractor. The possibility of escape to infinity is considered. Our present approach is based on Hilbert space, and the theory of representations of the Cuntz algebras O_n, n=2,3,.... While the more traditional approaches to IFS's start with some equilibrium measure, ours doesn't. Rather, we construct a Hilbert space directly from a given IFS; and our construction uses instead families of measures. Starting with a fixed IFS S_n, with n branches, we prove existence of an associated representation of O_n, and we show that the representation is universal in a certain sense. We further prove a theorem about a direct correspondence between a given system S_n, and an associated sub-representation of the universal representation of O_n.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures containing 7 EPS graphics; LaTeX2e ("elsart" document class); v2 reflects change in Comments only
Supplementary document for Ultralow-threshold thin-film lithium niobate optical parametric oscillator - 5149061.pdf
Creators: name: Lu, Juanjuan
name: Tang, Hong
name: Sayem, Ayed Al
name: Gong, Zheng
name: Surya, Joshua
name: Zou, Changling
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplement
Microwave power absorption to high energy electrons in the ECR ion thruster
Creators: name: Coral, Giulio
name: Tsukizaki, Ryudo
name: Nishiyama, Kazutaka
name: Kuninaka, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microwave power absorption efficiency of the mu10 ECR ion thruster, utilized in the Japanese asteroid explorers Hayabusa and Hayabusa2, is investigated in order to allow performance measurement and provide information for its improvement. A model detailing the local electron behavior in a real ECR plasma discharge, based the magnetic field characteristics, is presented. Three methods to evaluate the microwave power absorption efficiency are proposed: an estimation based on the chamber geometry and magnetic field characteristics, a measuremen based on performance parameters and a measurement performed with Langmuir probes. The equations used for each method are analytically derived. The local electron behavior model is confirmed with a Langmuir probe experiment. Measurement of the microwave power absorption efficiency is performed with the two independent methods proposed. Results from the two experiments show good agreement with each other and with the theory. Finally, a diffusion model explaining the different electron temperature distributions observed in the chamber is proposed. The model and experiments clarify the physics behind previously observed performance variations and give valuable hints for future chamber improvement.
Additional file 1 of Develop and validate a radiomics space-time model to predict the pathological complete response in patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer: an artificial intelligence model study based on machine learning
Creators: name: Peng, Jiaxuan
name: Wang, Wei
name: Jin, Hui
name: Qin, Xue
name: Hou, Jie
name: Yang, Zhang
name: Shu, Zhenyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Exact Insulating and Conducting Ground States of a Periodic Anderson Model in Three Dimensions
Creators: name: Gulacsi, Zsolt
name: Vollhardt, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a class of exact ground states of a three-dimensional periodic Anderson model at 3/4 filling. Hopping and hybridization of d and f electrons extend over the unit cell of a general Bravais lattice. Employing novel composite operators combined with 55 matching conditions the Hamiltonian is cast into positive semidefinite form. A product wave function in position space allows one to identify stability regions of an insulating and a conducting ground state. The metallic phase is a non-Fermi liquid with one dispersing and one flat band.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Floor plans of the Badia Station
Creators: name: Möwi
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Grundrisse der Station im Wadi Ulm Siri und der Station Badia
The 2012 US Drought Event and its Impact on the Crop Insurance Industry
Creators: name: Vergara, Oscar
name: Zuba, Gerhard
name: Vergara, Oscar
name: Zuba, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Drought
subject: MPCI
subject: crop insurance
subject: AWI

description: This article describes the meteorological factors that caused the extent of the 2012 US drought event and its financial impact on the crop insurance industry
What is the SUSY mass scale?
Creators: name: Opher, Reuven
name: Pelinson, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy, or mass scale M_SUSY, of the supersymmetry (SUSY) phase transition is, as yet, unknown. If it is very high (i.e., ~ 10^3 GeV), terrestrial accelerators will not be able to measure it. We determine M_SUSY here by combining theory with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. Starobinsky suggested an inflationary cosmological scenario in which inflation is driven by quantum corrections to the vacuum Einstein's equation. The modified Starobinsky model (MSM) is a natural extension of this. In the MSM, the quantum corrections are the quantum fluctuations of the supersymetric (SUSY) particles, whose particle content creates inflation and whose masses terminate it. Since the MSM is difficult to solve until the end of the inflation period, we assume here that an effective inflaton potential (EIP) that reproduces the time dependence of the cosmological scale factor of the MSM can be used to make predictions for the MSM. We predict the SUSY mass scale to be M_SUSY ~ 10^15 GeV, thus satisfying the requirement that the predicted density fluctuations of the MSM be in agreement with the observed CMB data.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in Int.J.Mod.Phys.D
Automated label flows for excited states of correlation functions in lattice gauge theory
Creators: name: Cushman, Kimmy K.
name: Fleming, George T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extracting excited states from lattice gauge theory correlation functions can be achieved through chi-squared minimization fits or algebraic approaches such as the variational method and Prony's method. Performing any kind of error analysis, such as bootstrap resampling, often leads to overlapping confidence regions of model parameters, even when the spectrum is not particularly dense. In order to correctly estimate errors, one must beware of mislabeling the states. In this work, we provide an algorithm that we call automated label flows which consistently and systematically identifies a deterministic labeling of states. In the context of Prony's method, we analyze lattice correlation functions by using automated label flows, and compare the results to fits obtained from chi-square minimization fits to exponentials.
description: 15 pages, 20 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
D3.3 Report on regulatory options
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Rowena
Publisher: name: De Montfort University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 109999 Technology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: This report reviews various regulatory options that support the ethical and/or responsible development of smart information systems (AI and big data). Its insights will be useful to policymakers as a guide to making policy and regulatory decisions. It presents snapshots of policy and other stakeholder perspectives on the regulation of AI and big data and discusses how AI challenges regulation. It also looks at EU aspirations for better law-making and presents key considerations for regulating AI and big data. The study adopted a wide, inclusive understanding of ‘regulatory options’ to cover proposals for laws, bodies and other regulatory tools and mechanisms. Well-established legislation has been excluded.
Smallholder agriculture in the Lower Shire Valley: analysis of the experience with cotton
Creators: name: Colman, David R.
name: Colman, David R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management

description: The objective of this paper is to review the experience with smallholder cotton production in the Lower Shire Valley (LSV) of Malawi and to attempt to draw from it some pointers for strengthening the strategy for smallholder agriculture in the area. The main empirical analysis is based on an extensive survey (SOLV) performed some time ago, in 1972/73 (Colman and Garbett, 1974, 1976). Despite the lapse of time since its completion, more recent data suggest that there is a good deal of material of conetemporary relevance which can be extracted from the original study. In addition, subsequent experience with rural development in countries other than Malawi enables fresh insights to be brought to the problems of smallholder agriculture in the LSV.
description: Journal of Social Science, Volume 11, No. 2, 1984 - University of Malawi
Charm- and Bottom- Baryons: A Variational Approach Using Heavy Quark Symmetry
Creators: name: Albertus, C.
name: Amaro, J. E.
name: Hernandez, E.
name: Nieves, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate masses of bottom and charmed baryons using several non-relativistic quark potentials which parameters have been adjusted to the meson spectra. Heavy Quark Symmetry leads to important simplifications of the three body problem, which turns out to be easily solved by a simple variational ansatz. The wave functions obtained can be readily used to compute further observables as mass densities or form factors. The quark-quark potentials explored so far, show an overall good agreement with the experimental masses.
description: Contribution to the Hadron Spectroscopy (Hadron'03) conference. 5 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables
A critical examination of compound stability predictions from machine-learned formation energies
Creators: name: Bartel, Christopher J.
name: Trewartha, Amalie
name: Wang, Qi
name: Dunn, Alexander
name: Jain, Anubhav
name: Ceder, Gerbrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning has emerged as a novel tool for the efficient prediction of materials properties, and claims have been made that machine-learned models for the formation energy of compounds can approach the accuracy of Density Functional Theory (DFT). The models tested in this work include five recently published compositional models, a baseline model using stoichiometry alone, and a structural model. By testing seven machine learning models for formation energy on stability predictions using the Materials Project database of DFT calculations for 85,014 unique chemical compositions, we show that while formation energies can indeed be predicted well, all compositional models perform poorly on predicting the stability of compounds, making them considerably less useful than DFT for the discovery and design of new solids. Most critically, in sparse chemical spaces where few stoichiometries have stable compounds, only the structural model is capable of efficiently detecting which materials are stable. The non-incremental improvement of structural models compared with compositional models is noteworthy and encourages the use of structural models for materials discovery, with the constraint that for any new composition, the ground-state structure is not known a priori. This work demonstrates that accurate predictions of formation energy do not imply accurate predictions of stability, emphasizing the importance of assessing model performance on stability predictions, for which we provide a set of publicly available tests.
Multilayer implantable cortical microelectrodes to improve recording potential for spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Liu, Xin
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Most intracortical neural probes fail to function reliably in clinically relevant chronic settings due to neural tissue reactions to the implanted probes, which lead to the formation of glial encapsulation around the probe, insolating the recording sites from nearby neurons, resulting in degradation of the recorded signal quality. Recent studies indicate smaller and more flexible probes will elicit a relatively weaker reactive tissue response. This has been the impetus for researchers to reduce probe size and explore flexible polymers as probe substrate materials.Previous work in our lab suggests that when the width of a Parylene based probe is narrowed below 80 μm, the neural tissue response can be substantially attenuated. However, when using conventional lithographic methods to pattern electrodes on a single layer, the number of recording sites that can be defined is limited, particularly for narrower probe widths. Therefore, I have adopted a novel strategy of increasing the number of recording sites without proportionally increasing the size of the probe by using a multilayer fabrication process to vertically layer recording traces on multiple Parylene support layers, allowing more recording traces to be defined on a smaller probe width. Fabrication of the multilayer probe involves repeated photolithographic definition of titanium/platinum (Ti/Pt) electrodes, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of Parylene C. Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) in O2 plasma is then used to define the final probe geometry and open the recording sites. Following in vitro characterization and electrical package, the probe was implanted into the cerebral organoid and mice motor cortex to verify its electrophysiological recording capability. Electrical characterization of the recording electrodes confirms the excellent functionality of the probe with a low degree of crosstalk between adjacent layers. In vitro and in vivo acute recording tests demonstrated the probes’ capability for single unit recording.
Doping-dependent phonon anomaly and charge-order phenomena in the HgBa$_{2}$CuO$_{4+δ}$ and HgBa$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{6+δ}$
Creators: name: Wang, Lichen
name: Yu, Biqiong
name: Jing, Ran
name: Luo, Xiangpeng
name: Zeng, Junbang
name: Li, Jiarui
name: Bialo, Izabela
name: Bluschke, Martin
name: Tang, Yang
name: Freyermuth, Jacob
name: Yu, Guichuan
name: Sutarto, Ronny
name: He, Feizhou
name: Weschke, Eugen
name: Tabis, Wojciech
name: Greven, Martin
name: Li, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using resonant X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, we study charge correlations and lattice dynamics in two model cuprates, HgBa$_{2}$CuO$_{4+δ}$ and HgBa$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{6+δ}$. We observe a maximum of the characteristic charge order temperature around the same hole concentration ($p \approx 0.09$) in both compounds, and concomitant pronounced anomalies in the lattice dynamics that involve the motion of atoms in and/or adjacent to the CuO$_2$ layers. These anomalies are already present at room temperature, and therefore precede the formation of the static charge correlations, and we attribute them to an instability of the CuO$_2$ layers. Our finding implies that the charge order in the cuprates is an emergent phenomenon, driven by a fundamental variation in both lattice and electronic properties as a function of doping.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, supplemental material available upon request
On the Use of Finite-Size Scaling to Measure Spin-Glass Exponents
Creators: name: Carter, A. C.
name: Bray, A. J.
name: Moore, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite-size scaling (FSS) is a standard technique for measuring scaling exponents in spin glasses. Here we present a critique of this approach, emphasizing the need for all length scales to be large compared to microscopic scales. In particular we show that the replacement, in FSS analyses, of the correlation length by its asymptotic scaling form can lead to apparently good scaling collapses with the wrong values of the scaling exponents.
description: RevTeX, 5 pages
Adapting East and Southern Africa’s livestock to climate change: a decision making under deep uncertainty-based approach for effective actions
Creators: name: Mohamed, Issa Awal
name: Schaeffer, Michiel
name: Baarsch, Florent
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Livestock farmers are increasingly challenged to adapt to the impacts of climate change, necessitating the selection of adaptation strategies to effectively mitigate risks and protect livelihoods. This paper introduces a framework designed specifically for guiding the selection of context-specific adaptation options in the Eastern and Southern Africa region. The framework builds on a decision tree that incorporates changes within a management system or switching to another one, enabling a nuanced evaluation of adaptation options. Driven repetitively under different scenarios of climate changes and/or climate models, the frequencies of selecting different adaptation measures vary across livestock value chains, climate zones, and systems. Responding to the evolution of the climate system, these frequencies evolve over time, affecting the selection. For instance, agroforestry emerges as an increasingly suitable option for cattle and, to a lesser extent, for goats due to the projected rise in moderate heat stress periods, particularly in tropical climates. Conversely, this frequency decreases for sheep, more susceptible to heat stress, beyond the effect of agroforestry. This framework resolves the need for more context – and time-specific decisions on adaptation. This decision tree-based framework serves as a robust decision-making tool to steer the livestock sector toward effective climate change adaptation.
Multigraded Castelnuovo-Mumford Regularity
Creators: name: Maclagan, Diane
name: Smith, Gregory G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25; 13D45; 14Q20

description: We develop a multigraded variant of Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity. Motivated by toric geometry, we work with modules over a polynomial ring graded by a finitely generated abelian group. As in the standard graded case, our definition of multigraded regularity involves the vanishing of graded components of local cohomology. We establish the key properties of regularity: its connection with the minimal generators of a module and its behavior in exact sequences. For an ideal sheaf on a simplicial toric variety X, we prove that its multigraded regularity bounds the equations that cut out the associated subvariety. We also provide a criterion for testing if an ample line bundle on X gives a projectively normal embedding.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures
Cosmological Parameters and Neutrino Masses from the Final Planck and Full-Shape BOSS Data
Creators: name: Ivanov, Mikhail M.
name: Simonović, Marko
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a joint analysis of the Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) final data releases. A key novelty of our study is the use of a new full-shape (FS) likelihood for the redshift-space galaxy power spectrum of the BOSS data, based on an improved perturbation theory template. We show that the addition of the redshift space galaxy clustering measurements breaks degeneracies present in the CMB data alone and tightens constraints on cosmological parameters. Assuming the minimal $Λ$CDM cosmology with massive neutrinos, we find the following late-Universe parameters: the Hubble constant \mbox{$H_0=67.95^{+0.66}_{-0.52}$ km s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$}, the matter density fraction \mbox{$Ω_m=0.3079^{+0.0065}_{-0.0085}\,$}, the mass fluctuation amplitude \mbox{$σ_8=0.8087_{-0.0072}^{+0.012}\,$}, and an upper limit on the sum of neutrino masses \mbox{$M_{\text{tot}} <0.16\,$ eV} ($95\%$ CL).This can be contrasted with the Planck-only measurements: \mbox{$H_0=67.14_{-0.72}^{+1.3}$} km s$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$, $Ω_m=0.3188^{+0.0091}_{-0.016}\,$, \mbox{$σ_8=0.8053_{-0.0091}^{+0.019}\,$}, and \mbox{$M_{\text{tot}} <0.26\,$ eV} ($95\%$ CL). Our bound on the sum of neutrino masses relaxes once the hierarchy-dependent priors from the oscillation experiments are imposed. The addition of the new FS likelihood also constrains the effective number of extra relativistic degrees of freedom, \mbox{$N_{\text{eff}}=2.88\pm 0.17$}. Our study shows that the current FS and the pure baryon acoustic oscillation data add a similar amount of information in combination with the Planck likelihood. We argue that this is just a coincidence given the BOSS volume and efficiency of the current reconstruction algorithms.In the era of future surveys FS will play a dominant role in cosmological parameter measurements.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
What is the real driving force of ion beam mixing?
Creators: name: Süle, P.
name: Menyhárd, M.
name: Nordlund, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study the driving force of ion irradiation induced interfacial mixing in metal bilayers in which the relative mass of the constituents is considerable. We find no apparent effect of chemical forces, such as heat of mixing or cohesive energy up to 8 keV ion energy, although a considerable number of liquid and high energy particles (hot atoms) persist up to even 20 ps during the thermal spike. This result is in direct conflict with the widely accepted theory of thermal spike mixing (chemical interdiffusion model). The supersaturation of vacancies also occurs and which induces a thermally activated intermixing of the lighter constituent of the bilayer. The delay and the decoupling of the intermixing of the light constituent is explained as a backscattering effect at the interface: the interface acts as a diffusional barrier for high energy particles due to the large difference in atomic masses. The heavier atoms are predominantly ejected to the overlayer at the beginning of the thermal spike while the light atoms are injected to the bulk at the beginning of the cooling period (in Ti/Pt) or during the thermal spike with some time delay (Al/Pt).
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Study sites geography and climate information from Different trophic positions among social vespid species revealed by stable isotopes
Creators: name: Torniainen, Jyrki
name: Komonen, Atte
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The social vespid wasps are common insect predators and several species behave in unison in the same biotopes. It is commonly accepted that social wasps are mainly opportunistic generalist predators without differences in prey selection and hence they compete for the same food resources. Trophic positions of six vespid wasp species and their potential prey from four sites in Finland and one in the UK were evaluated using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N). The difference in isotope values indicated different trophic positions among species. In general, Dolichovespula spp. showed higher δ15N values than Vespula spp., which suggests that Dolichovespula forage on higher trophic levels. Dolichovespula media (Retzius, 1783) showed the highest δ15N values, whereas Vespula vulgaris showed the lowest. Dolichovespula media partly expresses apex predator-like δ15N values, whereas Vespula species tend to forage on primary consumers. The largest species Vespa crabro (Linnaeus, 1758) showed also similar δ15N values as Vespula spp. However, δ13C and δ15N values of V. vulgaris workers varied slightly during the season. This study offers novel insights about the trophic segregation in the social wasp community, suggesting specialization in diet resource utilization, especially between Dolichovespula and Vespula.
Flow measurements of supersonic flow past an ogive-cylinder in the presence of off-axis laser energy deposition
Creators: name: Pournadali Khamseh, Arastou
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Experiments were performed within Rutgers University’s supersonic wind tunnel to investigate the effects of laser energy deposition on the flowfield around an ogive-cylinder. The goal of this work is to study the ability of laser energy deposition to achieve appreciable alterations of flowfield around the ogive-cylinder. For these tests, perturbation of the flow was achieved using a PIV Nd:YAG laser to generate a spark near the ogive-cylinder. Energy measurements were performed to estimate what percentage of laser energy can be deposited into the plasma. The results showed nearly 60% of laser energy could be deposited for the high-end of laser energy. Qualitative visualization of the global flowfield was accomplished using high-speed shadowgraph imaging, which verified the formation of a spark and the classically defined toroidal vortex structure. Furthermore, high-speed shadowgraph imaging visualized the passage of the spark across the ogive-cylinder shock structure, where lensing of the shock was observable.Blast wave propagation was studied in the quiescent condition and in the presence of the supersonic cross flow. It was observed that the blast wave propagation speed decayed to a sound wave indicating that the blast wave was in the free attenuation stage. In addition to qualitative tests, Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) measurements were performed on the baseline flowfield to study the flowfield more quantitatively. The presence of a shock wave was resolved by the sudden changes in the magnitude of velocity components. In addition, the presence of an expansion fan was observed in the rear corner of the ogive cylinder by the increase in the vertical component of velocity.
Comparison of Trigger Finger Orthotic Wearing Schedules: A Feasibility Study
Creators: name: Avery, John Christopher
name: Richards, Lorie Gage
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy

description: Aim: This randomized prospective pre-post test, single-subject, case series (NCT04094389) feasibility study evaluated the feasibility of conducting a clinical trial to compare the effect of three different trigger finger orthotic daily wear schedules on digital triggering and pain level in adults with trigger finger. Methods: Nine participants enrolled through convenience sampling were randomly assigned to a wear group: continuous, sleeping, or waking. Descriptive statistics were utilized to describe participant demographics and examine the data for changes across the six to ten weeks of study. Results: The study successfully obtained feasibility data regarding participant recruitment rate, demographics, methods as well as orthotic wear comfort, functionality, adverse effects and wearing compliance. The rate of recruitment was 1.9 participants per month. Conclusions: The results suggest it is feasible to perform a RCT, though recruitment was challenging. Recruitment for a RCT may be facilitated by broadening the inclusion/exclusion criteria to obtain participants.