cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Seclusion, restraint, and involuntary medication in Finnish psychiatric care: a register study with root-level data
Creators: name: Laukkanen, Emilia
name: Kuosmanen, Lauri
name: Selander, Tuomas
name: Vehviläinen-Julkunen, Katri
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Purpose: Despite potentially harmful effects, seclusion, restraint, and involuntary medication continue to be frequently applied in psychiatric care. These restrictive measures are often examined by means of registers, but homogeneous practices in the measurement and description seem to be missing. This nationwide register study aimed to examine the use of seclusion, mechanical and physical restraint, and involuntary medication in Finland. Material and methods: Root-level register data concerning the year 2017 were collected directly from 140 inpatient psychiatric wards within 21 organizations. The data were analyzed statistically. Results: In 2017, the most used restrictive measure in Finnish psychiatric wards was seclusion (4006 episodes), followed by involuntary medication (2187 episodes), mechanical restraint (2113 episodes) and physical restraint (1064 events). Similarly, the duration of seclusion episodes was longer than the duration of restraint episodes. Remarkable variation between wards in the use of seclusion, restraint and involuntary medication was observable. A negative binomial regression model (NB2) was used to analyze the associations between the use of restrictive measures and regional variables concerning demography, health, substance abuse, and socio-economic status, but reliable interpretations were impossible to generate. Conclusion: This study provides detailed and unique data on the use of seclusion, restraint and involuntary medication in Finland. Compared to previous national-level data, this study highlights the importance of collecting root-level data. Future research should use registries and describe the associations between the use of restrictive measures and ward-level factors, patient-level characteristics, and societal factors.
Circular dichroism induction in WS2 by a chiral plasmonic metasurface
Creators: name: Lorén, Fernando
name: Genet, Cyriaque
name: Martín-Moreno, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interaction between a monolayer of WS2 and a chiral plasmonic metasurface. WS2 possesses valley excitons that selectively couple with one-handed circularly polarised light. At the same time, the chiral plasmonic metasurface exhibits spin-momentum locking, leading to a robust polarisation response in the far field. Using a scattering formalism based on the coupled mode method, we analyse various optical properties of the WS2 monolayer. Specifically, we demonstrate the generation of circular dichroism in the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) by harnessing the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the metasurface. Moreover, we observe the emergence of other guided modes, opening up exciting possibilities for further exploration in TMD-based devices.
description: 9 one-column pages, 6 figures. Preprint also submitted to Optica Open
Generative diffusion in very large dimensions
Creators: name: Biroli, Giulio
name: Mézard, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generative models based on diffusion have become the state of the art in the last few years, notably for image generation. Here, we analyse them in the high-dimensional limit, where data are formed by a very large number of variables. We use methods from statistical physics and focus on two well-controlled high-dimensional cases: a Gaussian model and the Curie-Weiss model of ferromagnetism. In the latter case, we highlight the mechanism of symmetry breaking in the inverse diffusion, and point out that, in order to reconstruct the relative asymmetry of the two low-temperature states, and thus to obtain the correct probability weights, one needs a database with a number of points much larger than the dimension of each data point. We characterize the scaling laws in the number of data and in the number of dimensions for an efficient generation.
description: 10 pages
Messung digitaler Kompetenzen angehender Mathematiklehrkräfte am Beispiel CAS
Creators: name: Seifert, Hannes
name: Lindmeier, Anke
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digitale Kompetenzen
subject: TPACK
subject: CAS
subject: DigCompEdu
subject: Studierende
subject: 510

description: Kompetenzen im Umgang mit digitalen Mathematikwerkzeugen wie Computeralgebrasystemen (CAS), dynamischer Geometriesoftware (DGS) und Tabellenkalkulationsprogrammen (TKP) sind für Mathematiklehrkräfte unabdingbar. Im Fokus steht daher die Frage, wie gut Lehramtsstudierende bereits bezüglich dieser Kompetenzen vorbereitet sind. An der Friedrich-Schiller- Universität Jena wurde ein digitales Testformat für die Lehre entwickelt, bei dem Studierende konkrete Aufgaben mit den Werkzeugen lösen müssen, um im Anschluss Rückmeldungen über ihre Kompetenzen zu erhalten. Im Beitrag wird der Test vorgestellt.
Magneto-optical spectroscopy with polarization-modulated light
Creators: name: Breschi, E.
name: Gruijc, Z. D.
name: Knowles, P.
name: Weis, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of magnetic resonance transitions induced by polarization-modulated light in cesium vapor exposed to a transverse magnetic field. Signals are obtained by phase-sensitive analysis of the light power traversing the vapor cell at six harmonics of the polarization modulation frequency. Resonances appear whenever the Larmor frequency matches an integer multiple of the modulation frequency. We have further investigated the modifications of the spectra when varying the modulation duty cycle. The resonance amplitudes of both in-phase and quadrature components are well described in terms of the Fourier coefficients of the modulation function. The background-free signals generated by the polarization modulation scheme have a high application potential in atomic magnetometry.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title:  Impact of After-School Activities on Meeting CDC Requirements in Virginian Adolescents
Creators: name: Bentil, Dorcas
name: Crouch, Leah
name: Kaltsas, Vignette
name: Luchau, Christina
name: Wallen, Phoebe
name: Zheng, Lily
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Aim: To assess the correlation between after-school program attendance and meeting the Center for Disease Control (CDC) requirement of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day.

Background: Less than 50% of all children meet the CDC required amount of MVPA.1

Methods: Survey provided to 350 students in grades 6-12 describing participation in after-school programs

Analysis: We will analyze how many students participate in the after-school programs and how long those programs dedicate to physical exercise. We will also analyze what type of exercise is performed.

Limitations: We are limited to the students who are present in the classes we pass the surveys out to. Also, our data will only be analyzed on the surveys that are turned in complete.
Implementation of a nurse champion role to improve sepsis guideline adherence in the emergency department
Creators: name: Macharia, Edward
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: PurposeThe purpose of this project was to evaluate the effect of a nurse champion role on adherence to sepsis guidelines. The guidelines of interest were collection of lactate and blood cultures, administration of antibiotics and intravenous fluids, and repeating of elevated lactate levels.MethodologyThe project was implemented in the emergency department at a 610-bed academic medical center in central New Jersey. Six sepsis nurse champions were recruited and trained on the role. Data on adherence for a period of two months pre- and two months post-intervention were compared. ResultsThere was no statistically significant improvement in sepsis guideline adherence. There was improvement in overall adherence, blood culture collection, IVF administration, and repeating lactate levels. There was no change in initial lactate collection. There was a decrease in the rate of appropriate antibiotic administration. The results may have been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and additional testing was recommended. ImplicationsSignificant increase in guideline adherence, if shown on further testing, would mean a nurse champion role is an effective quality improvement strategy in clinical practice. Improving adherence to sepsis guidelines could lead to improved patient outcomes. Adherence to sepsis guidelines is a core measure, monitored by CMS on a national level. Adherence with current guidelines will prepare the hospital to adapt to anticipated new guidelines, which will reduce the time of sepsis care from three hours to one hour. Sepsis nurse champions provided education to their peers on an ongoing basis and during formal education sessions.
Typen von Performance Assessments im Kontext der Lehrkräftebildung in den DACH-Regionen
Creators: name: Lange, Carina
name: Lindmeier, Anke
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Review
subject: Lehrerkompetenz
subject: performance assessment
subject: handlungsnahe Erhebungsformate
subject: Lehrerbildung
subject: Assessment
subject: Digitalisierung
subject: alternative Prüfungsformate
subject: 510

description: Die Frage nach den „besten“ Methoden zur Leitungsfeststellung von (angehenden) Lehrkräfte ist eine zentrale Frage. Messinstrumente, die Kompetenz nahe am tatsächlichen beruflichen Handeln von Lehrkräften messen, gewinnen zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit in der Lehrkräftebildung und -forschung. Während traditionelle ,analytische‘ Ansätze meist individuelle Einflussfaktoren (z.B. professionelles Wissen, motivationale-affektive Aspekte) prüfen, ist dieser Ansatz holistisch und zielt auf eine Prüfung von beruflicher Handlungskompetenz ab (Kaiser et al., 2017). Beispielsweise unterscheidet Lindmeier (2011) zwischen aktionsbezogener (AC; spontane, unmittelbare Anforderungen im Unterrichtsgeschehen) und reflexiver (RC; Anforderungen der Unterrichtsvor-/Nachbereitung) Kompetenz. Infolge der Konzeptualisierung, die jeweils speziell auf die Bewältigung bestimmter beruflicher Anforderungen zugeschnitten sind, wurden Bewertungsmethoden entwickelt, die sich auf diese beruflichen Anforderungen konzentrieren (Lindmeier, 2011; Shavelson, 2010). Die sogenannten Performance Assessments (PA) bewerten die Kompetenz nahe an der Leistung (Performanz) innerhalb von komplexitätsreduzierten, situierten Settings. Typisch sind beispielsweise Simulationen in denen Schüler*innenfehler diagnostiziert werden (Kron et al., 2021) oder es werden direkte Erklärungen (unter Zeitdruck) zu einer Schüler*innenfrage (Videovignette) gefordert (Jeschke et al., 2021).
"fnh4401_I724050.tab.gz" of "Inclusive-jet and dijet cross sections in deep inelastic scattering at HERA."
Creators: name: ZEUS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2007

description: Link to fastNLO v2.1 table
description: DESY-HERA. Measurement of the inclusive-jet and dijet differential cross sections in neutral current deep inelastic scattering of 27.5 GeV positrons and electrons on 920 GeV protons at a centre of mass energy 319 GeV. The data, which cover photon virtualities (Q**2) & gt; 125 GeV**2 were collected during the 1998-2000 running period and have an integrated luminosity of 81.7 +- 1.8 pb-1. Jets were selected in the Breit frame with a longitudinally invariant KT cluster algorithm.. In the tables the first DSYS error is the uncorrelated systematic uncertainty and the second is the jet-energy-scale uncertainty.
Lower Bound of Concurrence Based on Generalized Positive Maps
Creators: name: Qin, Hui-hui
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the concurrence of arbitrary dimensional bipartite quantum systems. By using a positive but not completely positive map, we present an analytical lower bound of concurrence. Detailed examples are used to show that our bound can detect entanglement better and can improve the well known existing lower bounds.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Price Differentials for Complete Feeds, Supplements, and Shelled Corn: A Regression Analysis
Creators: name: Nelson, Paul E.
name: Nelson, Paul E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: complete feeds
subject: supplements
subject: soybean meal
subject: shelled corn
subject: dairy
subject: beef
subject: hogs
subject: poultry
subject: wholesale
subject: retail noncooperatives
subject: retail cooperatives
subject: region
subject: protein
subject: fat
subject: fiber
subject: meal
subject: pellets
subject: crumbles
subject: national brand
subject: local brand
subject: regional brand
subject: price differences

description: Farm expenditures for feed increased substantially between 1960 and 1969. Their proportion of total production expenses fluctuated between 17 and 21 percent. The importance of feed expenditures encourages a continuing farm interest in feed prices and regional price differences. An explanatory model was developed. The Pesticide and General Farm Survey, 1966-67, was adopted as a means for obtaining the information necessary to apply the model. The purpose of the model was to explain different levels of prices paid for complete feeds, specified supplements, and shelled corn. Variation in the independent variables of the model was associated with 16 to 54 percent of the total price variance, depending upon the product. The most consistent variables were protein content and bulk purchasing. Each added percentage of protein increased price from 3₵ to 20₵ per hundredweight. Bulk purchasing decreased price from 6₵ to 20₵ per cwt. Prior to the deductions of discounts, prices reported by respondents listing discounts, averaged higher than the prices reported by respondents not reporting discounts received. Large-scale operations reported lower prices than the smaller sized firms. The variation in average prices reported by source of purchase was sufficiently great so that no single source could be cited as always charging the lowest prices.
Quantum criticality of quasi one-dimensional topological Anderson insulators
Creators: name: Altland, Alexander
name: Bagrets, Dmitry
name: Fritz, Lars
name: Kamenev, Alex
name: Schmiedt, Hanno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytic theory of quantum criticality in the quasi one-dimensional topological Anderson insulators of class AIII and BDI. We describe the systems in terms of two parameters $(g,χ)$ representing localization and topological properties, respectively. Surfaces of half-integer valued $χ$ define phase boundaries between distinct topological sectors. Upon increasing system size, the two parameters exhibit flow similar to the celebrated two parameter flow describing the class A quantum Hall insulator. However, unlike the quantum Hall system, an exact analytical description of the entire phase diagram can be given. We check the quantitative validity of our theory by comparison to numerical transfer matrix computations.
description: 4+ pages, 3 figures
Was kommt im Wahrscheinlichkeitsbaum zur Darstellung?
Creators: name: Spies, Susanne
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Wahrscheinlichkeitsbaum
subject: mathematische Anschauung
subject: Repräsentation
subject: Baumdiagramm
subject: graphisches Modell
subject: Darstellen
subject: Darstellungswechsel
subject: Zeichensysteme
subject: 510

description: Wahrscheinlichkeitsbäume sind als graphisches Arbeits- und Veranschaulichungsmittel im Stochastikunterricht etabliert; ihr Anschauungspotential kommt jedoch sehr selten in den Blick. Bea und Scholz (1995) formulieren folgende Gütekriterien für das Potential graphischer Modelle: Sie sollten 1. strukturell mit dem „Original“ übereinstimmen, 2. „dem natürlichen Wesen der menschlichen Informationsverarbeitung entsprechen“ und 3. eine „Autonomie gegenüber dem Original“ besitzen (S. 301), wobei offen ist, welche Art Gegenstand das „Original“ ist – denkbar wäre ein mathematischer Begriff, dessen symbolische oder sprachliche Darstellung oder wie in der hier vorgeschlagenen Perspektive die hinterliegende mathematische Anschauung. Dabei wird als Arbeitsdefinition in Anlehnung an Fischbeins (1993) Konzeption der „figural concepts“ und Wilzeks (2021) Werkzeug Ansatz diese mathematische Anschauung als kognitives Werkzeug, das vollständig durch eine begriffliche mathematische Definition bestimmt ist und darüber hinaus korrespondierende räumliche und zeitliche Eigenschaften aufweist aufgefasst. Im Folgenden werden zunächst im Sinne einer stoffdidaktischen Analyse die Kriterien (1) und (3) exemplarisch bestätigt, um auf dieser Grundlage der Frage nachzugehen, welche räumlich-zeitlichen Eigenschaften der korrespondierenden Begriffe, kurz welche mathematische Anschauung enthalten ist, also mithin zu klären, was ein Wahrscheinlichkeitsbaum eigentlich darstellt.
Personalized Graph Federated Learning with Differential Privacy
Creators: name: Gauthier, Francois
name: Gogineni, Vinay Chakravarthi
name: Werner, Stefan
name: Huang, Yih-Fang
name: Kuh, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a personalized graph federated learning (PGFL) framework in which distributedly connected servers and their respective edge devices collaboratively learn device or cluster-specific models while maintaining the privacy of every individual device. The proposed approach exploits similarities among different models to provide a more relevant experience for each device, even in situations with diverse data distributions and disproportionate datasets. Furthermore, to ensure a secure and efficient approach to collaborative personalized learning, we study a variant of the PGFL implementation that utilizes differential privacy, specifically zero-concentrated differential privacy, where a noise sequence perturbs model exchanges. Our mathematical analysis shows that the proposed privacy-preserving PGFL algorithm converges to the optimal cluster-specific solution for each cluster in linear time. It also shows that exploiting similarities among clusters leads to an alternative output whose distance to the original solution is bounded, and that this bound can be adjusted by modifying the algorithm's hyperparameters. Further, our analysis shows that the algorithm ensures local differential privacy for all clients in terms of zero-concentrated differential privacy. Finally, the performance of the proposed PGFL algorithm is examined by performing numerical experiments in the context of regression and classification using synthetic data and the MNIST dataset.
Snow Algae Preferentially Grow on Fe-containing Minerals and Contribute to the Formation of Fe Phases
Creators: name: Phillips-Lander, Charity M.
name: Harrold, Zoe
name: Hausrath, Elisabeth M.
name: Lanzirotti, Antonio
name: Newville, Matthew
name: Adcock, Christopher T.
name: Raymond, James A.
name: Shichun Huang
name: Tschauner, Oliver
name: Arlaine Sanchez
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Snow algae growth and mineral dust deposition are both known to strongly decrease snow albedo. Previous work has shown snow algae growth is enhanced in the presence of trace nutrient-containing minerals. Increased dust deposition with aridification due to climate change may therefore additionally enhance snow algae growth. Here we performed batch growth experiments with a snow alga (Chloromonas brevispina) and bacteria co-culture and the minerals andradite (Ca3.0(Fe0.6,Al0.43)2(SiO4)3), olivine (Mg1.8Fe0.2SiO4), and quartz (SiO2), to observe differences in snow algae attachment to mineral surfaces with differing iron (Fe) contents. In the presence of olivine, which has a low Fe content (∼9%), the number of snow algae on the surface of the olivine decreased with decreasing concentrations of snow algae in the medium. In contrast, in the presence of andradite, which has a higher Fe content (∼16%), the number of snow algae on the surface of andradite remained high even when concentrations of snow algae in the medium were greatly decreased. Additionally, µX-ray Fluorescence (µXRF) measurements indicate greater formation of Fe-containing precipitates on the mineral surfaces in the presence of the snow algae cells than in abiotic controls. These results show that the snow alga both preferentially grows on Fe-rich surfaces and forms Fe-containing precipitates, indicating the presence of a potential positive feedback system that could amplify the effect of dust deposition on snow albedo and therefore climate change.
Understanding the cross section of $e^+e^-\to ηJ/ψ$ process via nonrelativistic QCD
Creators: name: Qiao, Cong-Feng
name: Zhu, Rui-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the large cross section of $e^+e^-\to ηJ/ψ$ process measured by the BESIII and Belle Collaborations recently, we evaluate this process at $\mathcal{O}(α_s^4)$ accuracy in the framework of nonrelativistic QCD. We find that the cross section at the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=4.009$ {GeV} is $34.6\mathrm{pb}$, which is consistent with the BESIII data. The comparison with the Belle data in the region from $4.0\ \mathrm{GeV}$ to $5.3\ \mathrm{GeV}$ is also presented. Concerning the $η$ and $η^\prime$ mixing and the potential gluonium component of $η^\prime$, we also estimate the rate of $e^+e^-\to η^\prime J/ψ$ process, which can be checked within the updated Belle data.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, and 1 table; to appear in PRD
Bayesian object classification of gold nanoparticles
Creators: name: Konomi, Bledar A.
name: Dhavala, Soma S.
name: Huang, Jianhua Z.
name: Kundu, Subrata
name: Huitink, David
name: Liang, Hong
name: Ding, Yu
name: Mallick, Bani K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The properties of materials synthesized with nanoparticles (NPs) are highly correlated to the sizes and shapes of the nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging technique can be used to measure the morphological characteristics of NPs, which can be simple circles or more complex irregular polygons with varying degrees of scales and sizes. A major difficulty in analyzing the TEM images is the overlapping of objects, having different morphological properties with no specific information about the number of objects present. Furthermore, the objects lying along the boundary render automated image analysis much more difficult. To overcome these challenges, we propose a Bayesian method based on the marked-point process representation of the objects. We derive models, both for the marks which parameterize the morphological aspects and the points which determine the location of the objects. The proposed model is an automatic image segmentation and classification procedure, which simultaneously detects the boundaries and classifies the NPs into one of the predetermined shape families. We execute the inference by sampling the posterior distribution using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) since the posterior is doubly intractable. We apply our novel method to several TEM imaging samples of gold NPs, producing the needed statistical characterization of their morphology.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOAS616 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Diagrammatische Tätigkeit und Kommunizieren darüber: Umgang mit Fehlern in der individuellen Förderung
Creators: name: Wille, Annika M.
name: Ott, Barbara
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Diagramm
subject: Kommunikation
subject: Analyse
subject: Förderung
subject: Darstellen
subject: Darstellungswechsel
subject: Zeichensysteme
subject: 510

description: Im Mathematikunterricht benötigen manche Lernenden eine individuelle Förderung. Nach Tiedemann (2012) kann Förderung als Support und somit „als ein spezifischer Interaktionsprozess verstanden [werden], der [...] durch ein wechselseitig aufeinander bezogenes Deuten und Handeln [der Interaktionsteilnehmenden] sukzessive hergestellt wird“ (Tiedemann, 2012, S. 49- 50). Typisch für mathematische Interaktionen sind diagrammatische Tätigkeiten und die Kommunikation darüber (Dörfler, 2006).
Bacterial and Archaeal Diversity in Sulfide-Bearing Waste Rock at Faro Mine Complex, Yukon Territory, Canada
Creators: name: Pakostova, Eva
name: D. Barrie Johnson
name: Zhongwen Bao
name: MacKenzie, Peter M.
name: Ptacek, Carol J.
name: Blowes, David W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Acid mine/rock drainage (AMD/ARD) is generated by the microbially-accelerated oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals in working and abandoned mine sites, and some natural environments. Iron-oxidizing microorganisms (IOM) regenerate the oxidant Fe3+, while sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms (SOM) contribute to AMD/ARD by generating H2SO4 via the oxidation of elemental S and reduced inorganic sulfur compounds. Bacterial and archaeal diversity in 34 samples of sulfide-bearing waste rock recovered from three boreholes at the Faro Mine Complex (Yukon Territory, Canada; Pb/Zn production from 1969 to 1998) was investigated using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. A majority of the borehole pore water samples had circum-neutral or mildly alkaline pH (6.3 − 8.7), while some had low pH (3.3 − 5.2). Mean relative abundance of prokaryotic SOM/IOM accounted for 3.4% of the total amplicons. The acidophilic genera Alicyclobacillus and Acidithiobacillus were the most abundant sulfur- and iron-metabolizing prokaryotes detected, followed by neutrophilic and moderately acidophilic (non-iron-oxidizing) SOM. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were also detected, accounting for 0.6% of total reads. The presence of both acidophilic and neutrophilic prokaryotes catalyzing transformations of sulfur and iron in the same samples suggests development of microenvironments within the waste rock where dynamic biogeochemical transformations of these elements occur.
Mechanics of conformable electronics achieved through water-assisted transfer
Creators: name: Liu, Siyi
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Conformable electronics
Curvilinear bio-surfaces
Conformability
Water-assisted transfer

description: Bio-surfaces are curvilinear and rough. Electronics that can conform to complex three-dimensional (3D) bio-surfaces hold the key to the next generation bio-integrated electronics. Although advances in flexible and stretchable electronics enabled conformable devices on curved surfaces, challenges still exist when integrating electronics to surfaces of large areas and/or with non-zero Gaussian curvatures. On the one hand, existing transfer printing methods induce excessive strain that ruptures or distorts stretchable electronics designed into filamentary serpentines. On the other hand, devices with high-density arrays have no space for serpentine designs, so how to conform non-stretchable electronics to spherical surfaces poses even greater challenges. The objective of this dissertation is to develop water-assisted transfer procedures and suitable structural designs to enable large-area or high-density body-conformable electronics through numerical and analytical mechanics modeling. For large-area electronics with filamentary serpentine design, I propose water-assisted Cartan transfer printing (CTP) to enable strain-free, pattern preserving transfer from a donor substrate to complex bio-surfaces. However, this method does not apply to high-density electronic sheets. Therefore, next, I focus on how to conform non-stretchable electronic sheets to spherical bio-surfaces, motivated by the example of a high-density ultrathin image sensor array (1935 pixels in 3 cm²) as a retinal prosthesis. Initially, a truncated icosahedron design inspired by soccer balls was adopted to minimize buckling after conforming to a spherical dome. A more systematic approach to designing the cuts demands a fundamental understanding of the buckling-controlled conformability of both intact and slit sheets. Hence, I perform the experimental measurement and my collaborator carries out coarse-grained molecular dynamics to quantify water-assisted conformability between a thin circular sheet and a spherical surface. Through consistent experimental and numerical findings, I discover a mechanics-guided scaling law that can capture the shape of buckle delaminations, which can ultimately offer a prediction for conformability. The effect of radial cuts on improving conformability is also quantitatively investigated. Eventually, I am able to offer a guideline that can enhance the conformability of an electronic sheet to a spherical surface from 40% to more than 90%.
An explicit formula for computing Bell numbers in terms of Lah and Stirling numbers
Creators: name: Qi, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11B73, Secondary 11B75, 33B10, 33C15

description: In the paper, the author finds an explicit formula for computing Bell numbers in terms of Lah numbers and Stirling numbers of the second kind.
description: 3 pages
A Holistic Approach to Unifying Automatic Concept Extraction and Concept Importance Estimation
Creators: name: Fel, Thomas
name: Boutin, Victor
name: Moayeri, Mazda
name: Cadène, Rémi
name: Bethune, Louis
name: andéol, Léo
name: Chalvidal, Mathieu
name: Serre, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, concept-based approaches have emerged as some of the most promising explainability methods to help us interpret the decisions of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). These methods seek to discover intelligible visual 'concepts' buried within the complex patterns of ANN activations in two key steps: (1) concept extraction followed by (2) importance estimation. While these two steps are shared across methods, they all differ in their specific implementations. Here, we introduce a unifying theoretical framework that comprehensively defines and clarifies these two steps. This framework offers several advantages as it allows us: (i) to propose new evaluation metrics for comparing different concept extraction approaches; (ii) to leverage modern attribution methods and evaluation metrics to extend and systematically evaluate state-of-the-art concept-based approaches and importance estimation techniques; (iii) to derive theoretical guarantees regarding the optimality of such methods. We further leverage our framework to try to tackle a crucial question in explainability: how to efficiently identify clusters of data points that are classified based on a similar shared strategy. To illustrate these findings and to highlight the main strategies of a model, we introduce a visual representation called the strategic cluster graph. Finally, we present https://serre-lab.github.io/Lens, a dedicated website that offers a complete compilation of these visualizations for all classes of the ImageNet dataset.
Threats Management Throughout the Software Service Life-Cycle
Creators: name: Gjære, Erlend Andreas
name: Meland, Per Håkon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software services are inevitably exposed to a fluctuating threat picture. Unfortunately, not all threats can be handled only with preventive measures during design and development, but also require adaptive mitigations at runtime. In this paper we describe an approach where we model composite services and threats together, which allows us to create preventive measures at design-time. At runtime, our specification also allows the service runtime environment (SRE) to receive alerts about active threats that we have not handled, and react to these automatically through adaptation of the composite service. A goal-oriented security requirements modelling tool is used to model business-level threats and analyse how they may impact goals. A process flow modelling tool, utilising Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) and standard error boundary events, allows us to define how threats should be responded to during service execution on a technical level. Throughout the software life-cycle, we maintain threats in a centralised threat repository. Re-use of these threats extends further into monitoring alerts being distributed through a cloud-based messaging service. To demonstrate our approach in practice, we have developed a proof-of-concept service for the Air Traffic Management (ATM) domain. In addition to the design-time activities, we show how this composite service duly adapts itself when a service component is exposed to a threat at runtime.
description: In Proceedings GraMSec 2014, arXiv:1404.1634
Die (Weiter-)Entwicklung der Strategienutzung für die Addition und Subtraktion im vierten Schuljahr
Creators: name: Sievert, Henning
name: Hickendorff, Marian
name: Van Den Ham, Ann-Katrin
name: Heinze, Aiso
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strategien
subject: Arithmetik
subject: Grundschule
subject: LTA
subject: Flexibles Rechnen
subject: Problemlösen
subject: 510

description: Die flexible Nutzung von Lösungsstrategien für Additions- und Subtraktionsaufgaben ist ein wichtiges Ziel des Mathematikunterrichts am Ende der Primarstufe. Während die meisten Studien die Strategienutzung von Lernenden querschnittlich untersuchen, ist der Stand der Forschung über die tatsächliche Entwicklung der Strategienutzung in der Grundschule begrenzt. In der hier vorgestellten Untersuchung wird diese Entwicklung von 1.947 Lernenden vom Ende der dritten bis zum Ende der vierten Klassenstufe bei Additions- und Subtraktionsaufgaben mithilfe einer mehrstufigen Latenten Transitionsanalyse (LTA) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse weisen fünf verschiedene Profile der Strategienutzung mit unterschiedlichen Prävalenzen in Klassenstufe 3 und heterogene Entwicklungspfade der Lernenden von Klassenstufe 3 zu Klassenstufe 4 auf. Dabei beeinflussen die Individual- und Klassenprädiktoren arithmetisches Vorwissen, Geschlecht, mittlere kognitive Grundfähigkeiten der Klasse und das Mathematikschulbuch die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Zugehörigkeit zu einem Strategieprofil am Ende der dritten Klasse. Das arithmetische Vorwissen sowie das Geschlecht wirken auf die Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten zwischen Klassenstufe 3 und 4.
Monolithic Integrations of Slanted Silicon Nanostructures on 3D Microstructures and Their Application to Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Xu, Zhida
name: Liu, Logan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We demonstrated fabrication of black silicon with slanted nanocone array on both planar and 3D micro and meso scale structures produced by a high-throughput lithography-free oblique-angle plasma etching process. Nanocones with gradual change in height were created on the same piece of silicon. The relation between the slanted angle of nanocones and incident angle of directional plasma is experimentally investigated. In order to demonstrate the monolithic integration of nanostructures on micro and meso scale non-planar surfaces, nanocone forest is fabricated on non-planar silicon surfaces in various morphologies such as silicon atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips and pyramidal pits. By integrating nanocones on inverse silicon micro-pyramid array devices, we further improved the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement property of this optimized commercial SERS substrate by several folds even when using 66% less noble metal coating. We investigated the length gradient dependence and asymmetric properties of SERS effects for slanted nanocone with polarized excitation. This versatile and angle-controllable nanocone fabrication and monolithic 3D nano-micro-meso integration method provides new dimensions for production and optimization of SERS and other nanophotonic sensors.
On-chip interaction-free measurements via the quantum Zeno effect
Creators: name: Ma, Xiao-song
name: Guo, Xiang
name: Schuck, Carsten
name: Fong, King Y.
name: Jiang, Liang
name: Tang, Hong X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although interference is a classical-wave phenomenon, the superposition principle, which underlies interference of individual particles, is at the heart of quantum physics. An interaction-free measurements (IFM) harnesses the wave-particle duality of single photons to sense the presence of an object via the modification of the interference pattern, which can be accomplished even if the photon and the object haven't interacted with each other. By using the quantum Zeno effect, the efficiency of an IFM can be made arbitrarily close to unity. Here we report an on-chip realization of the IFM based on silicon photonics. We exploit the inherent advantages of the lithographically written waveguides: excellent interferometric phase stability and mode matching, and obtain multipath interference with visibility above 98%. We achieved a normalized IFM efficiency up to 68.2%, which exceeds the 50% limit of the original IFM proposal.
description: 4.5 pages + supplemental material
iPDP: On Partial Dependence Plots in Dynamic Modeling Scenarios
Creators: name: Muschalik, Maximilian
name: Fumagalli, Fabian
name: Jagtani, Rohit
name: Hammer, Barbara
name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Post-hoc explanation techniques such as the well-established partial dependence plot (PDP), which investigates feature dependencies, are used in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to understand black-box machine learning models. While many real-world applications require dynamic models that constantly adapt over time and react to changes in the underlying distribution, XAI, so far, has primarily considered static learning environments, where models are trained in a batch mode and remain unchanged. We thus propose a novel model-agnostic XAI framework called incremental PDP (iPDP) that extends on the PDP to extract time-dependent feature effects in non-stationary learning environments. We formally analyze iPDP and show that it approximates a time-dependent variant of the PDP that properly reacts to real and virtual concept drift. The time-sensitivity of iPDP is controlled by a single smoothing parameter, which directly corresponds to the variance and the approximation error of iPDP in a static learning environment. We illustrate the efficacy of iPDP by showcasing an example application for drift detection and conducting multiple experiments on real-world and synthetic data sets and streams.
description: This preprint has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections
Formation of Siderite in Microbial Microcosms Derived from a Marine Sediment
Creators: name: Kamran, Aysha
name: Schneider, Dominik
name: Roddatis, Vladimir
name: Thiel, Volker
name: Hoppert, Michael
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Exceptionally well-preserved fossils are frequently encased by carbonate concretions. The initial steps of their formation in marine and freshwater sediments are induced by microbial activity. The role of the involved microbial communities, however, is not well understood. In this study, siderite (FeCO3) formation in microbial microcosms is observed, with various fatty acyl compounds (lipids, surfactants) as substrates and Wadden Sea sediment samples as inocula. In actively growing microcosms, sulfate-reducing bacteria (the genus Desulfofrigus in particular) dominate the microbial community and submicroscopic siderite precipitates on bacterial cell surfaces were identified. We suggest that these biologically induced mineralization processes may, in the natural environment, initiate the formation of large concretions under suboxic conditions in coastal sediments.
On the Possibility of an Astronomical Perspective in the Study of Human Evolution
Creators: name: Antonello, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sapient Paradox is the apparently unexplainable time delay of several ten thousand years following the arrival of Homo sapiens in Asia and Europe and before the introduction of impressive innovations with the agricultural revolution. Renfrew (2007) has suggested that the solution of the paradox has to do with changes in modes of thought that occurred with sedentism. According to Renfrew, this is a subject of study for cognitive archaeology where the final goal would be to understand the formation of the human mind. Several scholars, however, affirm that climatic change was crucial to such a revolution as it would have been very difficult to develop agriculture during the Palaeolithic. In other words, sedentism was not justified during the ice age, and that may be the solution to the paradox. It is widely accepted that climate variations were due to so-called orbital forcing, the slow periodic changes of orbital parameters of the Earth (known also as the Milankovitch theory). These and other astronomical effects on the climate are discussed along with the consequent impact on human evolution. The question then rises as to whether or not it is possible to adopt an astronomical perspective instead of (or complementary to) the cognitive archaeological one. Such would be possible by adopting a different point of reference (that is, from outside), and a non-anthropocentric approach.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; SEAC 2012 conference on Ancient Cosmologies and Modern Prophets
Vignetten zur situationsbezogenen Erfassung von MPCK
Creators: name: Stankovic, Sanja
name: Brunner, Esther
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Professionelle Kompetenzen
subject: Diagnose- und Unterrichtsgestaltungskompetenzen
subject: Vignetteninstrument
subject: implizites Wissen
subject: Grundschule
subject: interdisziplinär
subject: sonstiges
subject: 510

description: Professionelle Kompetenzen von Lehrpersonen (z.B. Baumert & Kunter, 2011) als Voraussetzung für kompetentes unterrichtliches Handeln sind auch aus fachdidaktischer Perspektive ein zentrales Forschungsthema. Diese Kompetenzen sind von den Lehrpersonen nicht immer explizit verfügbar, sondern werden in einer konkreten Unterrichtssituation, bei der es um „Handeln unter Druck“ (Wahl, 1991) geht, oft in Form von implizitem Wissen angewandt. Deshalb integrieren neue Modelle professioneller Kompetenzen auch implizite Wissensbestände (z. B. Gasteiger & Benz, 2016). Während explizite Wissensbestände von Lehrpersonen auf Basis herkömmlicher Tests erfasst werden können, besteht in Bezug auf die Erfassung von impliziten professionellen Kompetenzen eine Forschungslücke. Auf Basis von theoretischen Grundlagen, curricularem Rahmen und Gestaltungsprinzipien wird im vorliegenden Beitrag ein eigens entwickeltes Instrument vorgestellt, welches einen Beitrag zur Schließung dieser Forschungslücke zu leisten versucht. Als Zielsetzung dieses Testinstruments wird eine situationsbezogene Erfassung der mathematikdidaktischen Kompetenzen (MPCK) von angehenden und praktizierenden Primarlehrpersonen angestrebt und damit ein Instrument zur Erfassung von implizitem Wissen vorgestellt.
Geometrische Beweisprozesse von Lehramtsstudierenden bei der Arbeit mit interaktiven Büchern
Creators: name: Stechemesser, Julia Marie
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geometrische Beweisprozesse
subject: Digitalisierung
subject: Hochschullehre
subject: interaktive Bücher
subject: Hochschule
subject: Geometrie
subject: Argumentieren & Beweisen
subject: 510

description: Das formale Beweisen nimmt an der Hochschule einen besonders wichtigen Stellenwert ein und stellt gleichzeitig für Lehramtsstudierende häufig eine Herausforderung dar (Biehler & Kempen, 2015). Gerade mit Bezug auf fachmathematische Studiengänge wird seit vielen Jahren über Konzepte zur Unterstützung von Studierenden beim Beweisen diskutiert (Grieser, 2017 u.v.m.). Ein mögliches Konzept ist der Einsatz digitaler Medien und im Zuge dessen die Entwicklung von Aufgaben, die Studierenden dabei helfen, Hürden im Beweisprozess zu überwinden (Zimmermann & Bescherer, 2013). Dieser Beitrag thematisiert eine Studie, die sich mit der Bearbeitung Moodle-basierter interaktiver Bücher befasst und bei der u. a. die Fragestellung Welchen Einfluss haben interaktive Bücher auf Beweisprozesse Lehramtsstudierender? adressiert wird. In diesem Beitrag liegt der inhaltliche Fokus auf dem Beweis des Innenwinkelsummensatzes im Dreieck.