cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Extrapolated full waveform inversion with deep learning
Creators: name: Sun, Hongyu
name: Demanet, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lack of low frequency information and a good initial model can seriously affect the success of full waveform inversion (FWI), due to the inherent cycle skipping problem. Computational low frequency extrapolation is in principle the most direct way to address this issue. By considering bandwidth extension as a regression problem in machine learning, we propose an architecture of convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically extrapolate the missing low frequencies without preprocessing and post-processing steps. The bandlimited recordings are the inputs of the CNN and, in our numerical experiments, a neural network trained from enough samples can predict a reasonable approximation to the seismograms in the unobserved low frequency band, both in phase and in amplitude. The numerical experiments considered are set up on simulated P-wave data. In extrapolated FWI (EFWI), the low-wavenumber components of the model are determined from the extrapolated low frequencies, before proceeding with a frequency sweep of the bandlimited data. The proposed deep-learning method of low-frequency extrapolation shows adequate generalizability for the initialization step of EFWI. Numerical examples show that the neural network trained on several submodels of the Marmousi model is able to predict the low frequencies for the BP 2004 benchmark model. Additionally, the neural network can robustly process seismic data with uncertainties due to the existence of noise, poorly-known source wavelet, and different finite-difference scheme in the forward modeling operator. Finally, this approach is not subject to the structural limitations of other methods for bandwidth extension, and seems to offer a tantalizing solution to the problem of properly initializing FWI.
description: 30 pages, 22 figures
Pitymys quasiater
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Arvicolidae
Pitymys
Pitymys quasiater

description: Pitymys quasiater (Coues, 1874). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 26:191. REVIEWED BY: J. Ramirez-Pulido (JRP); G. Urbano-V. (GUV). TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Veracruz, Jalapa. DISTRIBUTION: S.E. San Luis Potosi to N.C. Oaxaca (Mexico). COMMENT: Placed by most recent authors in Pitymys, see Hall, 1981:817, who placed this species in Microtus subgenus Pitymys. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410008080037001 as Microtus quasiater.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 4), pp. 477-504 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 502, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353034
description: {"references": ["Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1: 1 - 600 + 90, 2: 601 - 1181 + 90."]}
Age-related differences in takeover performance: A comparative analysis of older and younger drivers in prolonged partially automated driving
Creators: name: Pan, Hengyan
name: Payre, William
name: Xu, Jinhua
name: Koppel, Sjaan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Vehicle automation technologies have the potential to address the mobility needs of older adults. However, age-related cognitive declines may pose new challenges for older drivers when they are required to take back or “takeover” control of their automated vehicle. This study aims to explore the impact of age on takeover performance under partially automated driving conditions and the interaction effect between age and voluntary non-driving-related tasks (NDRTs) on takeover performance. A total of 42 older drivers (M = 65.5 years, SD = 4.4) and 40 younger drivers (M = 37.2 years, SD = 4.5) participated in this mixed-design driving simulation experiment (between subjects: age [older drivers vs. younger drivers] and NDRT engagement [road monitoring vs. voluntary NDRTs]; within subjects: hazardous event occurrence time [7.5th min vs. 38.5th min]). Older drivers exhibited poorer visual exploration performance (i.e., longer fixation point duration and smaller saccade amplitude), lower use of advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS; e.g., lower percentage of time adaptive cruise control activated [ACCA]) and poorer takeover performance (e.g., longer takeover time, larger maximum resulting acceleration, and larger standard deviation of lane position) compared to younger drivers. Furthermore, older drivers were less likely to experience driving drowsiness (e.g., lower percentage of time the eyes are fully closed and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale levels); however, this advantage did not compensate for the differences in takeover performance with younger drivers. Older drivers had lower NDRT engagement (i.e., lower percentage of fixation time on NDRTs), and NDRTs did not significantly affect their drowsiness but impaired takeover performance (e.g., higher collision rate, longer takeover time, and larger maximum resulting acceleration). These findings indicate the necessity of addressing the impaired takeover performance due to cognitive decline in older drivers and discourage them from engaging in inappropriate NDRTs, thereby reducing their crash risk during automated driving.
A universal feature of CFT Renyi entropy
Creators: name: Perlmutter, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that for a d-dimensional CFT in flat space, the Renyi entropy S_q across a spherical entangling surface has the following property: in an expansion around q=1, the first correction to the entanglement entropy is proportional to C_T, the coefficient of the stress tensor vacuum two-point function, with a fixed d-dependent coefficient. This is equivalent to a similar statement about the free energy of CFTs living on S^1 x H^{d-1} with inverse temperature β=2πq. In addition to furnishing a direct argument applicable to all CFTs, we exhibit this result using a handful of gravity and field theory computations. Knowledge of C_T thus doubles as knowledge of Renyi entropies in the neighborhood of q=1, which we use to establish new results in 3d vector models at large N.
description: 19 pages + refs; v3: minor revisions
Comparative analysis of injury identification using KABCO and ISS in linked North Carolina trauma registry and crash data
Creators: name: Taylor, Nandi L.
name: Fliss, Mike Dolan
name: Schiro, Sharon E.
name: Harmon, Katherine J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The purpose of this study was to examine differences between police-reported injury severity and trauma registry data among persons with linked records in North Carolina and quantify the degree of alignment. We analyzed linked North Carolina trauma registry and motor vehicle crash data from 2018. Injury severity identification was assessed using police-reported 5-point scale KABCO from crash data and Injury Severity Score (ISS) from trauma records. The analysis was stratified by age, sex/gender, race, ethnicity, and road users type to examine differences across groups. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values between police-reported injury severity and trauma registry data using ISS as the gold standard. A higher proportion of patients were classified as suspected minor injuries (39.0%) compared to moderate injuries in trauma registry (25.1%). Police-reported crash data underreported injury severity when compared to trauma registry data. Police-reported KABCO had a higher degree of specificity when classifying minor injuries (79.3%) but substantially underestimated seriously injured patients, with a sensitivity of 49.9%. These findings were also consistent when stratified by subpopulations. Hospital-based motor vehicle crash data are a main source of injury severity identification for road safety. Police-reported data were relatively accurate for minor injuries but not seriously injured patients. Understanding the characteristics of each data source both separately and linked will be critical for problem identification and program development to move toward a safe transportation system for all road users.
Supporting DNN Safety Analysis and Retraining through Heatmap-based Unsupervised Learning
Creators: name: Fahmy, Hazem
name: Pastore, Fabrizio
name: Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba
name: Briand, Lionel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly important in safety-critical systems, for example in their perception layer to analyze images. Unfortunately, there is a lack of methods to ensure the functional safety of DNN-based components. We observe three major challenges with existing practices regarding DNNs in safety-critical systems: (1) scenarios that are underrepresented in the test set may lead to serious safety violation risks, but may, however, remain unnoticed; (2) characterizing such high-risk scenarios is critical for safety analysis; (3) retraining DNNs to address these risks is poorly supported when causes of violations are difficult to determine. To address these problems in the context of DNNs analyzing images, we propose HUDD, an approach that automatically supports the identification of root causes for DNN errors. HUDD identifies root causes by applying a clustering algorithm to heatmaps capturing the relevance of every DNN neuron on the DNN outcome. Also, HUDD retrains DNNs with images that are automatically selected based on their relatedness to the identified image clusters. We evaluated HUDD with DNNs from the automotive domain. HUDD was able to identify all the distinct root causes of DNN errors, thus supporting safety analysis. Also, our retraining approach has shown to be more effective at improving DNN accuracy than existing approaches.
Knowledge-Based Prediction of Network Controllability Robustness
Creators: name: Lou, Yang
name: He, Yaodong
name: Wang, Lin
name: Tsang, Kim Fung
name: Chen, Guanrong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Network controllability robustness reflects how well a networked system can maintain its controllability against destructive attacks. Its measure is quantified by a sequence of values that record the remaining controllability of the network after a sequence of node-removal or edge-removal attacks. Traditionally, the controllability robustness is determined by attack simulations, which is computationally time consuming or even infeasible. In the present paper, an improved method for predicting the network controllability robustness is developed based on machine learning using a group of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In this scheme, a number of training data generated by simulations are used to train the group of CNNs for classification and prediction, respectively. Extensive experimental studies are carried out, which demonstrate that 1) the proposed method predicts more precisely than the classical single-CNN predictor; 2) the proposed CNN-based predictor provides a better predictive measure than the traditional spectral measures and network heterogeneity.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Implementation of muon pair production in PHITS and verification by comparing with the muon shielding experiment at SLAC
Creators: name: Sakaki, Yasuhito
name: Namito, Yoshihito
name: Sanami, Toshiya
name: Iwase, Hiroshi
name: Hirayama, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implemented a model of muon pair production through a real photon in PHITS and compared our calculations with data of the muon shielding experiment conducted at SLAC to verify the validity of the implemented model. Our predictions of the muon fluence induced by electrons are in good agreement with the experimental data. To understand the known differences between the calculations of the muon fluence, which have been determined using other Monte-Carlo codes, we quantitatively evaluate the fluctuations in the Monte-Carlo results due to systematic errors in multiple Coulomb scattering, differences in the approximation methods and energy loss models, and whether incoherent production is considered.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Towards a Success Model for Automated Programming Assessment Systems Used as a Formative Assessment Tool
Creators: name: Sauerwein, Clemens
name: Antensteiner, Tobias
name: Oppl, Stefan
name: Groher, Iris
name: Meschtscherjakov, Alexander
name: Zech, Philipp
name: Breu, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The assessment of source code in university education is a central and important task for lecturers of programming courses. In doing so, educators are confronted with growing numbers of students having increasingly diverse prerequisites, a shortage of tutors, and highly dynamic learning objectives. To support lecturers in meeting these challenges, the use of automated programming assessment systems (APASs), facilitating formative assessments by providing timely, objective feedback, is a promising solution. Measuring the effectiveness and success of these platforms is crucial to understanding how such platforms should be designed, implemented, and used. However, research and practice lack a common understanding of aspects influencing the success of APASs. To address these issues, we have devised a success model for APASs based on established models from information systems as well as blended learning research and conducted an online survey with 414 students using the same APAS. In addition, we examined the role of mediators intervening between technology-, system- or self-related factors, respectively, and the users' satisfaction with APASs. Ultimately, our research has yielded a model of success comprising seven constructs influencing user satisfaction with an APAS.
Pitymys savii
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Arvicolidae
Pitymys
Pitymys savii

description: Pitymys savii (de Selys-Longchamps, 1838). Rev. Zool. Paris, p. 248. TYPE LOCALITY: Italy, near Pisa. DISTRIBUTION: Italy; Sicily; S. France. COMMENT: Subgenus Parapitymys; see Chaline, 1978, Cahiers de 1'Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Montpellier, 1 / 4:145 -167. Corbet, 1978:109, and WDS included pyrenaicus (= gerbei) and felteni, for which St. Girons, 1973, Les Mammiferes du France et du Benelux, p. 342-344, Winking, 1974, Symp. Ther. II, Prague, p. 267-273, and Petrov et al., 1976, Senckenberg. Biol., 57 (l/3):l-10, provided evidence of specific distinctness. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410008080039001 as Microtus savii.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 4), pp. 477-504 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on pages 502-503, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353034
Developable B-spline surface generation from control rulings
Creators: name: Hu, Zixuan
name: Bo, Pengbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An intuitive design method is proposed for generating developable ruled B-spline surfaces from a sequence of straight line segments indicating the surface shape. The first and last line segments are enforced to be the head and tail ruling lines of the resulting surface while the interior lines are required to approximate rulings on the resulting surface as much as possible. This manner of developable surface design is conceptually similar to the popular way of the freeform curve and surface design in the CAD community, observing that a developable ruled surface is a single parameter family of straight lines. This new design mode of the developable surface also provides more flexibility than the widely employed way of developable surface design from two boundary curves of the surface. The problem is treated by numerical optimization methods with which a particular level of distance error is allowed. We thus provide an effective tool for creating surfaces with a high degree of developability when the input control rulings do not lie in exact developable surfaces. We consider this ability as the superiority over analytical methods in that it can deal with arbitrary design inputs and find practically useful results.
description: 13 pages, 12 figrues
Deep 3 GHz Number Counts from a P(D) Fluctuation Analysis
Creators: name: Vernstrom, T.
name: Scott, Douglas
name: Wall, J. V.
name: Condon, J. J.
name: Cotton, W. D.
name: Fomalont, E. B.
name: Kellermann, K. I.
name: Miller, N.
name: Perley, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio source counts constrain galaxy populations and evolution, as well as the global star formation history. However, there is considerable disagreement among the published 1.4-GHz source counts below 100 microJy. Here we present a statistical method for estimating the microJy and even sub-microJy source count using new deep wide-band 3-GHz data in the Lockman Hole from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). We analyzed the confusion amplitude distribution P(D), which provides a fresh approach in the form of a more robust model, with a comprehensive error analysis. We tested this method on a large-scale simulation, incorporating clustering and finite source sizes. We discuss in detail our statistical methods for fitting using Monte Carlo Markov chains, handling correlations, and systematic errors from the use of wide-band radio interferometric data. We demonstrated that the source count can be constrained down to 50 nJy, a factor of 20 below the rms confusion. We found the differential source count near 10 microJy to have a slope of -1.7, decreasing to about -1.4 at fainter flux densities. At 3GHz the rms confusion in an 8arcsec FWHM beam is ~ 1.2 microJy/beam, and a radio background temperature ~ 14mK. Our counts are broadly consistent with published evolutionary models. With these results we were also able to constrain the peak of the Euclidean normalized differential source count of any possible new radio populations that would contribute to the cosmic radio background down to 50 nJy.
description: 21 pages, 18 figures, 7 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The solution of an open problem on semigroup inclusion classes
Creators: name: Araújo, Maria Leonor
name: Araújo, Maria Teresa
name: Kinyon, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M07

description: The semigroup inclusion class $\mathbf{I} = [xyxy = xy; xyz \in \{xywz, xuyz\}]$ is the union of two maximal subvarieties of $\mathbf{GRB} = [xyzxy=xy]$. Monzo ( arXiv:1411.4860 ) described the lattice of semigroup inclusion classes below $\mathbf{I}$ and asked if $\mathbf{I}$ is covered by $\mathbf{GRB}$. Our main result is a characterization of $\mathbf{I}$ which makes it easy to answer Monzo's question in the negative.
Charm mixing as input for model-independent determinations of the CKM phase gamma
Creators: name: Harnew, Samuel
name: Rademacker, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coherence factor and average strong phase difference of D0 and D0bar decay amplitudes to the same final state play an important role in the precision determination of the CKM parameter gamma using B- -> DK- and related decay modes. So far, this important input from the charm sector could only be obtained from measurements based on quantum-correlated DDbar pairs produced at the charm threshold. We propose to constrain these parameters using charm mixing, using the large charm samples available at the B factories and LHCb. We demonstrate for the example of D0->Kpipipi that a substantial improvement in the precision of the coherence factor and average strong phase difference can be obtained with this method, using existing data.
description: Accepted for publication in PLB
Pitymys schelkovnikovi
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Arvicolidae
Pitymys
Pitymys schelkovnikovi

description: Pitymys schelkovnikovi (Satunin, 1907). Izv. Kavkas. Mus., 3:243. TYPE LOCALITY: U.S. S. R., Azerbaidzhansk. S.S. R., Talysk Mtns., Lenkoransk. Okr., near Dzhi. DISTRIBUTION: Talysk and Elburz Mtns.; S. Azerbaidzhán (U.S. S. R.); S. and probably N.W. Iran. COMMENT: Subgenus uncertain; regarded by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951, as a synonym of subterráneas; evidence for specific distinctness provided by Kratochvil, 1970, Prirodoved. Pr. Ustavia. Cesk. Acad. Ved. Brno, 4:1 -63.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 4), pp. 477-504 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 503, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353034
description: {"references": ["Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp.", "Kratochvil, J. 1970. Pitymys-Arten aus der hohen Tatra (Mamm., Rodentia). Acta Scientiarum Naturalium, Academiae Scientarium Bohemoslovacea (Brno), 4: 1 - 63."]}
Implementation of the new acts on driving under the influence of alcohol and clinical outcomes for patients severely injured in road traffic crashes
Creators: name: Jung, Eujene
name: Ro, Young Sun
name: Park, Jeong Ho
name: Song, Kyoung Jun
name: Ryu, Hyun Ho
name: Do Shin, Sang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol is a major risk factor for fatal road traffic injuries (RTIs) worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the implementation of new acts on DUI of alcohol and the clinical outcomes of patients with severe RTIs in Korea. This is a community-based cross-sectional study using a nationwide severe trauma registry in Korea. In 2018, 2 acts with the Yoon Chang-Ho Act (Yoon’s Act) were passed to strengthen the punishment for drunk driving fatal RTIs (first Yoon’s act) and lower the blood alcohol concentration limit to restrict driver’s licenses (second Yoon’s act). The first Yoon’s act was implemented on December 18, 2018, and the second Yoon’s act was implemented on June 25, 2019. The study periods were categorized as pre-Act-1, pre-Act-2, Act-1, and Act-2 according to the application of Yoon’s Act, and the study outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relationship of the new acts and in-hospital mortality. Among a total of 20,376 patients with severe RTIs and 7,928 patients (drivers) with RTIs (hereafter drivers), the in-hospital mortality rates were 20.8% and 17.0%, and alcohol-related RTIs accounted for 9.7% and 8.1%, respectively. Severe RTIs tended to increase with each period (25.5 cases/day, 24.5 cases/day, 26.8 cases/day, and 30.4 cases/day, P for trend <.01). In-hospital mortality significantly decreased during the Act-2 period compared to the pre-Act-2 period for all patients with severe RTIs (adjusted odds ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.43–0.67) and drivers with RTIs (adjusted odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.73). Implementation of the new acts on DUI of alcohol was associated with lower odds for in-hospital mortality for patients with severe RTIs. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term impact of the new acts on reducing alcohol-related RTIs.
Normality, nuclear squares and Osborn identities
Creators: name: Drápal, Aleš
name: Kinyon, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20N05

description: Let $Q$ be a loop. If $S\leq Q$ is such that $φ(S) \subseteq S$ for each standard generator of $\mathrm{Inn}(Q)$, then $S$ does not have to be a normal subloop. In an LC loop the left and middle nucleus coincide and form a normal subloop. The identities of Osborn loops are obtained by applying the idea of nuclear identification, and various connections of Osborn loops to Moufang and CC loops are discussed. Every Osborn loop possesses a normal nucleus, and this nucleus coincides with the left, the right and the middle nucleus. Loops that are both Buchsteiner and Osborn are characterized as loops in which each square is in the nucleus.
description: 16 pages; v.2: typos fixed; bibliography entry fixed
Age, sex, sensation-seeking, and road-crossing: How does risk context impact children’s street-crossing?
Creators: name: Schwebel, David C.
name: Sando, Ole Johan
name: Sandseter, Ellen Beate Hansen
name: Kleppe, Rasmus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Child pedestrian injuries are a significant public health problem, largely because children have underdeveloped cognitive-perceptual capacity to judge traffic unsupervised. This study used a virtual reality (VR) environment to examine the impact of children’s age, as well as sex and sensation-seeking personality, on pedestrian behavior in different risk contexts. 405 Norwegian children (7–10-year-olds) engaged in street-crossing scenarios within a VR environment. Children crossed a bicycle path and urban roadway six times, each with increasing density and complexity of traffic. Hits and near hits were recorded. Self-reported sensation-seeking personality was assessed. Children were more likely to experience crashes in the tasks that offered higher probability risk. Overall, 106 children crossed safely in all tasks. Dangerous crossings were associated with male sex, higher thrill and intensity seeking personality, and denser traffic. Age was not related to any traffic safety outcomes. As expected, children were struck by vehicles more often in complex traffic contexts than in less complex ones. The results support previous findings and suggest that boys and sensation seekers have elevated risk of pedestrian injury, and that individual differences in children, rather than age alone, must be considered when determining if children are capable of safely negotiating traffic unsupervised.
Pitymys sikimensis
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Arvicolidae
Pitymys
Pitymys sikimensis

description: Pitymys sikimensis (Hodgson, 1849). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 3:203. TYPE LOCALITY: India, Sikkim, no exact locality. DISTRIBUTION: Himalayas from Nepal to N. Burma, Szechwan, and S. Kansu (China). COMMENT: Subgenus Neodon; see Chaline, 1974. Includes irene; see Corbet, 1978:107, but Gromov and Polyakov, 1977:256, considered irene a distinct species. Martin, R. A., 1974, in Webb, ed„ Pleistocene Mammals of Florida, p. 60, considered Neodon a distinct genus; also see Martin, R. A., 1979, Evol. Monogr., 2. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410008080040001 as Microtus sikimensis. 5301410008080017001 as Microtus irene.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 4), pp. 477-504 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 503, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353034
description: {"references": ["Chaline, J. 1974. Esquisse de l'evolution morphologique, biometrique et chromosomique du genre Microtus (Arvicolidae, Rodentia) dans le Pleistocene de l'hemisphere nord. Bulletin de la Societe de Geologie France, ser. 7, 14: 440 - 450.", "Gromov, I. M., and I. Ya. Polyakov. 1977. Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitayushchie, tom 3, vyp. 8 [Fauna of the USSR, vol. 3, pt. 8, Mammals]. Polevki [Voles (Microtinae)]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 504 pp. (in Russian)."]}
Effect of Light on Layers
Creators: name: Effect of Light on Layers
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2023

description: Introduction
Poultry sector is the fastest growing agricultural subsector providing food security and nutrition. Poultry meat and egg provide energy, protein, and essential micronutrients to the human population. Poultry egg and meat are among the most common animal food source consumed by mankind at global level. Light is an essential factor for growth of birds as well as for development and functioning of reproductive system. Light is an important exogenous factor in control of many physiological and behavioural processes. Light allows the bird to establish rhythmicity and synchronize many essential functions, including body temperature and various metabolic steps that facilitate feeding and digestion. Lighting is an important component of successful commercial poultry production. With laying birds (including breeders) light is significant in the development and functioning of the bird's reproductive system, influencing the age when she initiates laying number of eggs laid in a given period. The pattern of changing day length experienced by birds influences them in two ways:
Intercalation Leads to Inverse Layer Dependence of Friction on Chemically Doped MoS_{2}
Creators: name: Acikgoz, Ogulcan
name: Guerrero, Enrique
name: Yanilmaz, Alper
name: Dagdeviren, Omur E.
name: Çelebi, Cem
name: Strubbe, David A.
name: Baykara, Mehmet Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of atomic-force-microscopy-based friction measurements on Re-doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). In stark contrast to the widespread observation of decreasing friction with increasing number of layers on two-dimensional (2D) materials, friction on Re-doped MoS2 exhibits an anomalous, i.e., inverse dependence on the number of layers. Raman spectroscopy measurements combined with ab initio calculations reveal signatures of Re intercalation. Calculations suggest an increase in out-of-plane stiffness that inversely correlates with the number of layers as the physical mechanism behind this remarkable observation, revealing a distinctive regime of puckering for 2D materials.
description: 26 pages incl. Supplemental Material, 5 figures
Pitymys subterraneus
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Arvicolidae
Pitymys
Pitymys subterraneus

description: Pitymys subterraneus (de Selys-Longchamps, 1836). Essai Monogr. sur les Campagnols des Env. de Liege., p. 10. TYPE LOCALITY: Belgium, Liege, Waremme. DISTRIBUTION: N. and C. France through C. Europe to Ukraine and the Don River, south to Balkans, but true southern limits uncertain. Isolated populations in N.E. Russia. COMMENT: Subgenus Pitymys; see Chaline, 1974. Revised by Niethammer, 1972, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 23:290-309. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410008080042001 as Microtus subterraneus.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 4), pp. 477-504 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 503, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353034
description: {"references": ["Chaline, J. 1974. Esquisse de l'evolution morphologique, biometrique et chromosomique du genre Microtus (Arvicolidae, Rodentia) dans le Pleistocene de l'hemisphere nord. Bulletin de la Societe de Geologie France, ser. 7, 14: 440 - 450.", "Niethammer, J. 1972. Die Zahl der Mammae bei Pitymys und bei den Microtinen. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 23: 49 - 60."]}
A Class of Smoothing Modulus-Based Iterative Method for Solving Implicit Complementarity Problems
Creators: name: Guo, Cong
name: Li, Chenliang
name: Luo, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65K15, 65C20

description: In this paper, a class of smoothing modulus-based iterative method was presented for solving implicit complementarity problems. The main idea was to transform the implicit complementarity problem into an equivalent implicit fixed-point equation, then introduces a smoothing function to obtain its approximation solutions. The convergence analysis of the algorithm was given, and the efficiency of the algorithms was verified by numerical experiment
Anomaly inflow and thermal equilibrium
Creators: name: Jensen, Kristan
name: Loganayagam, R.
name: Yarom, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the anomaly inflow mechanism, we compute the flavor/Lorentz non-invariant contribution to the partition function in a background with a U(1) isometry. This contribution is a local functional of the background fields. By identifying the U(1) isometry with Euclidean time we obtain a contribution of the anomaly to the thermodynamic partition function from which hydrostatic correlators can be efficiently computed. Our result is in line with, and an extension of, previous studies on the role of anomalies in a hydrodynamic setting. Along the way we find simplified expressions for Bardeen-Zumino polynomials and various transgression formulae
description: 72 pages, 1 figure; v2: slight change to abstract, updated references
Pitymys tatricus Kratochvil 1952
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Arvicolidae
Pitymys
Pitymys tatricus

description: Pitymys tatricus Kratochvil, 1952. Acta Acad. Sci. Nat. Moravo-Siles., 24:155 - 194. TYPE LOCALITY: Czechoslovakia, Poprad Dist., Velka Studena Dolina valley, High Tatra Mtns. DISTRIBUTION: Alpine zone of Tatra Mtns, between Czechoslovakia and Poland; Pilsko Mtn., Beslksid Ziwiecki Mtns. (W. Carpathians). COMMENT: Subgenus Pitymys; see Chaline, 1974; regarded by Ellerman and MorrisonScott, 1951, as a synonym of subterraneus. Revised by Kratochvil, 1970, Prirodoved. Pr. Ustavia. Cesk. Acad. Ved. Brno, 4:1 -63.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 4), pp. 477-504 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 503, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353034
description: {"references": ["Chaline, J. 1974. Esquisse de l'evolution morphologique, biometrique et chromosomique du genre Microtus (Arvicolidae, Rodentia) dans le Pleistocene de l'hemisphere nord. Bulletin de la Societe de Geologie France, ser. 7, 14: 440 - 450.", "Kratochvil, J. 1970. Pitymys-Arten aus der hohen Tatra (Mamm., Rodentia). Acta Scientiarum Naturalium, Academiae Scientarium Bohemoslovacea (Brno), 4: 1 - 63."]}
The Multi-Species Farley-Buneman Instability in the Solar Chromosphere
Creators: name: Madsen, Chad A.
name: Dimant, Yakov S.
name: Oppenheim, Meers M.
name: Fontenla, Juan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Empirical models of the solar chromosphere show intense electron heating immediately above its temperature minimum. Mechanisms such as resistive dissipation and shock waves appear insufficient to account for the persistence and uniformity of this heating as inferred from both UV lines and continuum measurements. This paper further develops the theory of the Farley-Buneman Instability (FBI) which could contribute substantially to this heating. It expands upon the single ion theory presented by Fontenla (2005) by developing a multiple ion species approach that better models the diverse, metal-dominated ion plasma of the solar chromosphere. This analysis generates a linear dispersion relationship that predicts the critical electron drift velocity needed to trigger the instability. Using careful estimates of collision frequencies and a one-dimensional, semi-empirical model of the chromosphere, this new theory predicts that the instability may be triggered by velocities as low as 4 km s^-1, well below the neutral acoustic speed. In the Earth's ionosphere, the FBI occurs frequently in situations where the instability trigger speed significantly exceeds the neutral acoustic speed. From this, we expect neutral flows rising from the photosphere to have enough energy to easily create electric fields and electron Hall drifts with sufficient amplitude to make the FBI common in the chromosphere. If so, this process will provide a mechanism to convert neutral flow and turbulence energy into electron thermal energy in the quiet Sun.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures, updated and published in ApJ
A note on tools for prediction under uncertainty and identifiability of SIR-like dynamical systems for epidemiology
Creators: name: Piazzola, Chiara
name: Tamellini, Lorenzo
name: Tempone, Raúl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We provide an overview of the methods that can be used for prediction under uncertainty and data fitting of dynamical systems, and of the fundamental challenges that arise in this context. The focus is on SIR-like models, that are being commonly used when attempting to predict the trend of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we raise a warning flag about identifiability of the parameters of SIR-like models; often, it might be hard to infer the correct values of the parameters from data, even for very simple models, making it non-trivial to use these models for meaningful predictions. Most of the points that we touch upon are actually generally valid for inverse problems in more general setups.
A Rapid Review of Responsible AI frameworks: How to guide the development of ethical AI
Creators: name: Barletta, Vita Santa
name: Caivano, Danilo
name: Gigante, Domenico
name: Ragone, Azzurra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the last years, the raise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and its pervasiveness in our lives, has sparked a flourishing debate about the ethical principles that should lead its implementation and use in society. Driven by these concerns, we conduct a rapid review of several frameworks providing principles, guidelines, and/or tools to help practitioners in the development and deployment of Responsible AI (RAI) applications. We map each framework w.r.t. the different Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) phases discovering that most of these frameworks fall just in the Requirements Elicitation phase, leaving the other phases uncovered. Very few of these frameworks offer supporting tools for practitioners, and they are mainly provided by private companies. Our results reveal that there is not a "catching-all" framework supporting both technical and non-technical stakeholders in the implementation of real-world projects. Our findings highlight the lack of a comprehensive framework encompassing all RAI principles and all (SDLC) phases that could be navigated by users with different skill sets and with different goals.
Pitymys thomasi
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Arvicolidae
Pitymys
Pitymys thomasi

description: Pitymys thomasi (Barrett-Hamilton, 1903). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 11:306. TYPE LOCALITY: Yugoslavia, Montenegro, Vranici. DISTRIBUTION: S. coastal Yugoslavia; Albania and adjacent Greece. COMMENT: Subgenus Meridiopitymys; see Chaline, 1974. Includes atticus; see Petrov and Zivkovic, 1979, Biosystematika, 5(1):113— 125; and Corbet, 1978:110. Regarded by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951, as a synonym of duodecimcostatus; evidence of specific distinctness provided by Petrov and Zivkovic, 1972, Saugetierk. Mitt., 20:249-258.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 4), pp. 477-504 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 503, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353034
description: {"references": ["Chaline, J. 1974. Esquisse de l'evolution morphologique, biometrique et chromosomique du genre Microtus (Arvicolidae, Rodentia) dans le Pleistocene de l'hemisphere nord. Bulletin de la Societe de Geologie France, ser. 7, 14: 440 - 450.", "Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp."]}
Toxicology findings from drivers suspected of drug-impaired driving in Ontario (2008–2019)
Creators: name: Beirness, Douglas J.
name: Rajotte, James W.
name: Peaire, Amy E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: This study examines the results of toxicological tests performed on blood and urine samples collected from suspected drug-impaired drivers in Ontario from 2008 to 2019. The report examines the results of toxicological analysis of the samples submitted, the characteristics of those drivers from whom samples were collected, and the temporal and situational circumstances that led to police investigations and sample collection to better understand drug-impaired driving behavior and to assist in the development and implementation of countermeasure strategies and programs. Blood and urine samples were sent to the Center of Forensic Sciences where they were analyzed using standardized comprehensive toxicological analysis to test for a wide variety of potentially impairing drugs. Demographic and temporal information for each case from which a sample was collected were also examined to describe the circumstances and characteristics of these driving incidents. During the 12-year period examined, 5,388 samples collected from suspected drug-impaired drivers were analyzed. The number of samples collected increased substantially following the implementation of the Drug Evaluation and Classification Program (DECP) in July 2008, the enactment of legislation facilitating the collection of blood samples from suspects, and the legalization of cannabis for nonmedical purposes in 2018. The number of samples submitted shows temporal correlation with the number of police officers certified as Drug Recognition Experts (DRE) in the province. Over the 12-year period of this study, cannabis was the most frequently detected substance in drivers (52.8% of cases), followed by cocaine (44.3%) and methamphetamine (24.8%). In 80% of cases, more than one substance was detected. Examining the characteristics of suspected drug-impaired drivers, the temporal circumstances, and the drug findings throughout the large geographic area of Ontario and over the extended period of this study enhances our understanding of drug-impaired driving behavior. These characteristics can assist in the development and/or evaluation of enforcement strategies and enhanced countermeasure activities.
Periastron Advance in Spinning Black Hole Binaries: Gravitational Self-Force from Numerical Relativity
Creators: name: Tiec, Alexandre Le
name: Buonanno, Alessandra
name: Mroué, Abdul H.
name: Pfeiffer, Harald P.
name: Hemberger, Daniel A.
name: Lovelace, Geoffrey
name: Kidder, Lawrence E.
name: Scheel, Mark A.
name: Szilágyi, Bela
name: Taylor, Nicholas W.
name: Teukolsky, Saul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the general relativistic periastron advance in spinning black hole binaries on quasi-circular orbits, with spins aligned or anti-aligned with the orbital angular momentum, using numerical-relativity simulations, the post-Newtonian approximation, and black hole perturbation theory. By imposing a symmetry by exchange of the bodies' labels, we devise an improved version of the perturbative result, and use it as the leading term of a new type of expansion in powers of the symmetric mass ratio. This allows us to measure, for the first time, the gravitational self-force effect on the periastron advance of a non-spinning particle orbiting a Kerr black hole of mass M and spin S = -0.5 M^2, down to separations of order 9M. Comparing the predictions of our improved perturbative expansion with the exact results from numerical simulations of equal-mass and equal-spin binaries, we find a remarkable agreement over a wide range of spins and orbital separations.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures; matches version to appear in Phys. Rev. D