cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fractionation of pulp mill waste to produce hemicellulose oligomers for adsorption onto NBSK pulp
Creators: name: Rangu, Varun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Non-renewable fossil fuels and the dangers of climate change have drawn significant research into the forest biorefinery. The pulp and paper industry is positioned to lead the implementation of new technologies from such research. Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp is one of the chief products of the pulp and paper industry in British Columbia (B.C). It is primarily used as reinforcing pulp. Hemicellulose present in mill waste streams such as hog fuel, primary sludge, and chip fines, can be separated and utilized as a strength additive to improve physical strength properties of NBSK pulp, and reduce refining energy. This study investigated the influence of operating variables on the separation of hemicellulose oligomers from these lignocellulosic waste streams, and the adsorption of these oligomers onto NBSK pulp. Reaction temperature and residence time were studied for the separation of hemicellulose, while adsorption temperature, time, fibre consistency, oligomer-to-pulp percentage, and weight average molar mass Mw, were studied for the adsorption of hemicellulose onto NBSK pulp. Hog fuel and primary sludge were found to contain 58.98% and 67.90% polysaccharides respectively. Hemicellulose oligomer yields greater than 90% were obtained from hog fuel via liquid hot water treatment, and from primary sludge via dilute acid hydrolysis. A maximum total oligomer mass of 3.25g was obtained from 25g oven-dry hog fuel. Oligomer-to-pulp percentage and fibre consistency showed a linear effect on the adsorption yield, while adsorption temperature showed a nonlinear effect. The results are encouraging, and suggest the potential of these waste streams to produce a green hemicellulose-based paper strength additive.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis as a Probe of New Physics
Creators: name: Pospelov, Maxim
name: Pradler, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), an epoch of primordial nuclear transformations in the expanding Universe, has left an observable imprint in the abundances of light elements. Precision observations of such abundances, combined with high-accuracy predictions, provide a nontrivial test of the hot big bang and probe non-standard cosmological and particle physics scenarios. We give an overview of BBN sensitivity to different classes of new physics: new particle or field degrees of freedom, time-varying couplings, decaying or annihilating massive particles leading to non-thermal processes, and catalysis of BBN by charged relics.
description: 37 pages, 9 figures
Volatility made observable at last
Creators: name: Fliess, Michel
name: Join, Cédric
name: Hatt, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Cartier-Perrin theorem, which was published in 1995 and is expressed in the language of nonstandard analysis, permits, for the first time perhaps, a clear-cut mathematical definition of the volatility of a financial asset. It yields as a byproduct a new understanding of the means of returns, of the beta coefficient, and of the Sharpe and Treynor ratios. New estimation techniques from automatic control and signal processing, which were already successfully applied in quantitative finance, lead to several computer experiments with some quite convincing forecasts.
Mark My Words! Linguistic Style Accommodation in Social Media
Creators: name: Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian
name: Gamon, Michael
name: Dumais, Susan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The psycholinguistic theory of communication accommodation accounts for the general observation that participants in conversations tend to converge to one another's communicative behavior: they coordinate in a variety of dimensions including choice of words, syntax, utterance length, pitch and gestures. In its almost forty years of existence, this theory has been empirically supported exclusively through small-scale or controlled laboratory studies. Here we address this phenomenon in the context of Twitter conversations. Undoubtedly, this setting is unlike any other in which accommodation was observed and, thus, challenging to the theory. Its novelty comes not only from its size, but also from the non real-time nature of conversations, from the 140 character length restriction, from the wide variety of social relation types, and from a design that was initially not geared towards conversation at all. Given such constraints, it is not clear a priori whether accommodation is robust enough to occur given the constraints of this new environment. To investigate this, we develop a probabilistic framework that can model accommodation and measure its effects. We apply it to a large Twitter conversational dataset specifically developed for this task. This is the first time the hypothesis of linguistic style accommodation has been examined (and verified) in a large scale, real world setting. Furthermore, when investigating concepts such as stylistic influence and symmetry of accommodation, we discover a complexity of the phenomenon which was never observed before. We also explore the potential relation between stylistic influence and network features commonly associated with social status.
description: Talk slides available at http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~cristian/www2011
Time-resolved charge detection with cross-correlation techniques
Creators: name: Küng, B.
name: Pfäffli, O.
name: Gustavsson, S.
name: Ihn, Thomas
name: Ensslin, Klaus
name: Reinwald, Matthias
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.23.Hk, 73.40.Gk

description: We present time-resolved charge-sensing measurements on a GaAs double quantum dot with two proximal quantum point-contact (QPC) detectors. The QPC currents are analyzed with cross-correlation techniques, which enable us to measure dot charging and discharging rates for significantly smaller signal-to-noise ratios than required for charge detection with a single QPC. This allows us to reduce the current level in the detector and therefore the invasiveness of the detection process and may help to increase the available measurement bandwidth in noise-limited setups.
Automated systems to assess weights and activity in group housed mice
Creators: name: Noorshams, Omid
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: In order to investigate central nervous system disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer disease, genetically altered mice are used. These mouse models should be frequently monitored to assess disease progression. Most monitoring system for activity and weighing require remove of the animals from their homecage and place them in a novel environment. During these procedures animals may undergo the stress which can alter the behavioral and social phenotypes. We developed two systems to automatically weigh and track mice in their homecage. We have developed an automatic weighing system that facilitates these procedures within the mouse homecage. In this system up to 10 mice freely move between two cages (28x18x9 cm) which were connected by a weighing chamber mounted on a load cell. Each mouse is identified using an RFID tag placed under the skin of the neck. In one cage we placed a bottle of water and in the other cage food. A single-board computer (Raspberry Pi; RPi) controls the task, logging RFID tag, load cell weights, and time stamps from each RFID detection until the animal leaves the chamber. Collected data were statistically analyzed to estimate each mouse weight. We anticipate integration with tasks where automated imaging or behaviour is assessed in homecages. This automated system permits weighing mice several times per day for a long period of time without disruption by human interaction. ii In the automated tracking system, in addition to a grid of 18 RFID readers and 18 microcontrollers, one Raspberry Pi, as the master micro-computer, was also used. While the animals were moving inside the home cage, the printed board circuit on which the RFID readers were located monitored the animal’s location and activity. One RFID reader was on at the time for 120ms and off for almost 2.3s. Therefore, the mean frequency of reading can be around 1Hz. In this system, we acquired data for one mouse and two mice in the home cage. In order to test the accuracy of the system, we also monitored their activity with a camera. This system allowed us to monitor mice activity in their homecage for a long period of time.
Why are drug-related deaths among women increasing in Scotland? A mixed-methods analysis of possible explanations
Creators: name: Tweed, Emily J.
name: Miller, Rebekah G.
name: Schofield, Joe
name: Barnsdale, Lee
name: Matheson, Catriona
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Drug-related deaths have increased significantly in Scotland in recent years, with a much greater percentage increase in deaths among women than among men. We undertook a mixed-methods project to identify explanations for this trend, comprising three parallel methodological strands: (i) an analysis of available routine data, including drug treatment data, death registrations, and surveys of people using needle exchanges; (ii) thematic analysis of interviews and focus groups with professional stakeholders and (iii) secondary analysis of interviews with women who use drugs. Results indicated that the observed trend is likely to reflect multiple, interacting causes. Potential contributors identified were: ageing; changing patterns of substance use; increasing prevalence of physical and mental health co-morbidities; changing relationships and parenting roles; changes to treatment services and wider health and social care provision; unintended consequences or poor implementation of recovery-oriented practice; and changes in the social security system. Policy responses to rising drug-related death rates require a gender-informed approach, recognising the commonalities and differences between men and women who use drugs; the diversity of experiences within each gender; and the intersections between gender and other forms of inequality, such as poverty.
Correlated Topological Insulators and the Fractional Magnetoelectric Effect
Creators: name: Swingle, Brian
name: Barkeshli, Maissam
name: McGreevy, John
name: Senthil, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulators are characterized by the presence of gapless surface modes protected by time-reversal symmetry. In three space dimensions the magnetoelectric response is described in terms of a bulk theta term for the electromagnetic field. Here we construct theoretical examples of such phases that cannot be smoothly connected to any band insulator. Such correlated topological insulators admit the possibility of fractional magnetoelectric response described by fractional theta/pi. We show that fractional theta/pi is only possible in a gapped time reversal invariant system of bosons or fermions if the system also has deconfined fractional excitations and associated degenerate ground states on topologically non-trivial spaces. We illustrate this result with a concrete example of a time reversal symmetric topological insulator of correlated bosons with theta = pi/4. Extensions to electronic fractional topological insulators are briefly described.
description: 4 pages + refs
Sepsis prediction during outbreaks at neonatal intensive care units through body surface screening for Gram-negative bacteria: systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Harder, Thomas
name: Haller, Sebastian
name: Eckmanns, Tim
name: Seidel, Juliane
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Systematic review
subject: Meta-analysis
subject: Outbreaks
subject: Prognostic accuracy
subject: Gram-negative bacteria
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective This systematic review focusses on the prognostic accuracy of neonatal body surface screening during outbreaks caused by Gram-negative bacteria for prediction of sepsis. In a previous systematic review we reported that only limited evidence of very low quality exists regarding the predictive value of this screening under routine conditions. We aimed to investigate whether this is different in outbreak settings. Results We identified five studies performed during outbreaks in three countries, comprising a total of 316 infants. All studies were at high risk of bias. In outbreak settings, pooled sensitivity of body surface screening to predict sepsis was 98% (95 CI 60 to 100%), while pooled specificity was 26% (95% CI 0.5 to 96%). Evidence quality was low for all outcomes. Extending a previously published systematic review, we show here that in contrast to routine settings sensitivity of body surface screening for sepsis prediction is very high, while specificity is still insufficient. Surface screening appears to be a useful component of bundles of interventions used during outbreaks, but the evidence base is still limited. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42016036664.
Cyclotron resonance of carbon-doped two-dimensional hole systems: From the magnetic quantum limit to low magnetic fields
Creators: name: Rachor, K.
name: Raab, Thomas
name: Heitmann, Detlef
name: Gerl, Christian
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 78.67.De, 73.21.Fg

description: We report on cyclotron resonance (CR) experiments of high-quality C-doped two-dimensional hole systems in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells covering the microwave and far-infrared regimes. At high magnetic field B we observe a strong B dependence of the cyclotron mass mc which can be reproduced by calculations based on a 4×4 Luttinger Hamiltonian in the axial approximation. At small B one main and up to three secondary CRs are found, which continuously evolve with smooth magnetic-field dependences. This has not been observed and predicted so far. In the regime of the magnetic quantum limit a further CR is observed, which can be attributed to a transition between Landau levels originating from the two different spin-split heavy- and light-hole subbands.
PHAT: PHoto-z Accuracy Testing
Creators: name: Hildebrandt, H.
name: Arnouts, S.
name: Capak, P.
name: Moustakas, L. A.
name: Wolf, C.
name: Abdalla, F. B.
name: Assef, R. J.
name: Banerji, M.
name: Benitez, N.
name: Brammer, G. B.
name: Budavari, T.
name: Carliles, S.
name: Coe, D.
name: Dahlen, T.
name: Feldmann, R.
name: Gerdes, D.
name: Gillis, B.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Kotulla, R.
name: Lahav, O.
name: Li, I. H.
name: Miralles, J. -M.
name: Purger, N.
name: Schmidt, S.
name: Singal, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we introduce PHAT, the PHoto-z Accuracy Testing programme, an international initiative to test and compare different methods of photo-z estimation. Two different test environments are set up, one (PHAT0) based on simulations to test the basic functionality of the different photo-z codes, and another one (PHAT1) based on data from the GOODS survey. The accuracy of the different methods is expressed and ranked by the global photo-z bias, scatter, and outlier rates. Most methods agree well on PHAT0 but produce photo-z scatters that can differ by up to a factor of two even in this idealised case. A larger spread in accuracy is found for PHAT1. Few methods benefit from the addition of mid-IR photometry. Remaining biases and systematic effects can be explained by shortcomings in the different template sets and the use of priors on the one hand and an insufficient training set on the other hand. Scatters of 4-8% in Delta_z/(1+z) were obtained, consistent with other studies. However, somewhat larger outlier rates (>7.5% with Delta_z/(1+z)>0.15; >4.5% after cleaning) are found for all codes. There is a general trend that empirical codes produce smaller biases than template-based codes. The systematic, quantitative comparison of different photo-z codes presented here is a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art of photo-z estimation and sets a standard for the assessment of photo-z accuracy in the future. The rather large outlier rates reported here for PHAT1 on real data should be investigated further since they are most probably also present (and possibly hidden) in many other studies. The test data sets are publicly available and can be used to compare new methods to established ones and help in guiding future photo-z method development. (abridged)
description: 22 pages, 15 figures, A&A in press
Using high-resolution GPS data to create a tourism Intensity-Density Index
Creators: name: Mashkov, Rotem
name: Shoval, Noam
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Technological developments over the last two decades have allowed researchers to employ advanced tracking technologies to collect high-resolution spatial and temporal data. Despite the extensive use of these technologies in tourism research, they have not yet been applied to the existing indicators of tourism demand. The current paper aims to fill this lacuna, proposing the use of tracking technologies to measure tourist activity in destinations and, in particular, extreme conditions such as tourist saturation and overtourism. It introduces a new index for tourism demand, the Intensity-Density Index (IDI), based on high-resolution data in time and space. After presenting an overview of the common indicators for measuring tourism demand, the most common indicators, the Tourism Intensity Rate (TIR) and the Tourism Density Rate (TDR), are calculated twice, using traditional methods and advanced tracking technologies. The second calculation is based on a unique survey conducted in Israel between 2015 and 2017, which included some 3,000 tourists whose activity in the destination was documented entirely on a national level and at high resolution. Finally, the methodology for calculating high-resolution (HR) indicators using GPS data is presented, resulting in the IDI. Advanced tracking technologies’ use in calculating the IDI not only helps present tourism activity more accurately in terms of time and space but can also be applied in tourism management to serve as a tool for effective planning.
Germline variant calling in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumours
Creators: name: Yap, Shyong Quin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Germline alterations can have clinical implications for both cancer patients and their families. Because the tumour genome may contain both germline and somatic variants, the increasingly common practice of clinical tumour sequencing presents an opportunity to also pre-screen for germline variants. This framework is time- and cost-effective because only patients with potential germline variants are referred to downstream confirmatory testing. However, a key challenge is that tumour specimens are commonly formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE), which induces DNA damage that may interfere with molecular testing. Another challenge is distinguishing between germline and somatic variants in the tumour in order to accurately select candidates for follow-up screening. In order to leverage tumour sequencing for identifying germline variants, these challenges must be addressed. To this end, we retrospectively analyzed clinical amplicon sequencing data from 213 patients with a range of tumours, for whom matched-normal samples were available. We assessed formalin-induced DNA damage by comparing amplicon enrichment and sequencing results of FFPE DNA to the matched-normal DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a gold standard for germline testing. Although formalin-induced DNA fragmentation and cytosine deamination were detectable, we determined that the discrepancies were minor and could be mitigated by using shorter amplicons and enriching for longer DNA templates. We also found that 98.0% of germline alterations identified in the blood were retained in the tumours, suggesting that FFPE tumour DNA can be a reliable source for germline variant calling. Finally, we applied variant allele frequency (VAF) thresholds to delineate germline and somatic variants in tumour-only analyses. We reported that a VAF cut-off of 15% would correctly identify 99% of germline alterations in FFPE tumours, but erroneously submit 14% of somatic mutations (false positives) for follow-up germline testing. This underscores the high sensitivity and positive predictive value of using VAF to discriminate between germline and somatic variants. Collectively, our results demonstrate that clinical tumour amplicon sequencing could also be used to provide cost-efficient first-line germline testing.
title: Kontextabhängige Modellierung der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion in Mehrbenutzersystemen - eine explorative Untersuchung
Creators: name: Borisov, Nikolaj
name: Weyers, Benjamin
name: Kluge, Annette
name: Luther, Wolfram
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2013

description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es um die Betrachtung von computergestützten Systemen im Hinblick auf die Modellierung von kognitiven Prozessen im Bereich des Mensch-Maschinen-Dialogs für Mehrbenutzersysteme. Dazu werden Formalismen betrachtet, mit denen Prozesse modelliert werden kön-nen und Aspekte, wie Benutzerrollen und Berechtigungen in der Prozessbeschreibung unterstützt werden. Ein wesentlicher Schwerpunkt dieser Benutzermodelle stellt die adaptive und kontextabhängige Anpas-sung des Dialogs dar. Des Weiteren werden Modelle vorgestellt, die abstrakte Benutzerschnittstellen auf multimodalen Plattformen abbilden.
Electron interaction-driven insulating ground state in Bi2Se3 topological insulators in the two dimensional limit
Creators: name: Liu, Minhao
name: Chang, Cui-Zu
name: Zhang, Zuocheng
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Ruan, Wei
name: He, Ke
name: Wang, Li-li
name: Chen, Xi
name: Jia, Jin-Feng
name: Zhang, Shou-Cheng
name: Xue, Qi-Kun
name: Ma, Xucun
name: Wang, Yayu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a transport study of ultrathin Bi2Se3 topological insulators with thickness from one quintuple layer to six quintuple layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. At low temperatures, the film resistance increases logarithmically with decreasing temperature, revealing an insulating ground state. The sharp increase of resistance with magnetic field, however, indicates the existence of weak antilocalization, which should reduce the resistance as temperature decreases. We show that these apparently contradictory behaviors can be understood by considering the electron interaction effect, which plays a crucial role in determining the electronic ground state of topological insulators in the two dimensional limit.
description: 4 figures
Schrieffer-Wolff transformation for quantum many-body systems
Creators: name: Bravyi, Sergey
name: DiVincenzo, David
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schrieffer-Wolff (SW) method is a version of degenerate perturbation theory in which the low-energy effective Hamiltonian H_{eff} is obtained from the exact Hamiltonian by a unitary transformation decoupling the low-energy and high-energy subspaces. We give a self-contained summary of the SW method with a focus on rigorous results. We begin with an exact definition of the SW transformation in terms of the so-called direct rotation between linear subspaces. From this we obtain elementary proofs of several important properties of H_{eff} such as the linked cluster theorem. We then study the perturbative version of the SW transformation obtained from a Taylor series representation of the direct rotation. Our perturbative approach provides a systematic diagram technique for computing high-order corrections to H_{eff}. We then specialize the SW method to quantum spin lattices with short-range interactions. We establish unitary equivalence between effective low-energy Hamiltonians obtained using two different versions of the SW method studied in the literature. Finally, we derive an upper bound on the precision up to which the ground state energy of the n-th order effective Hamiltonian approximates the exact ground state energy.
description: 47 pages, 3 figures
Direct Mass Limits for Chiral Fourth-Generation Quarks in All Mixing Scenarios
Creators: name: Flacco, Christian J.
name: Whiteson, Daniel
name: Tait, Tim M. P.
name: Bar-Shalom, Shaouly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Present limits on chiral fourth-generation quark masses $m_{b'}$ and $m_{t'}$ are broadly generalized and strengthened by combining both $t'$ and $b'$ decays and considering the full range of $t'$ and $b'$ flavor-mixing scenarios (with the lighter generations). Various characteristic mass-splitting choices are considered. With $m_{t'} > m_{b'}$ we find that CDF limits on the $b'$ mass vary by no more than 10-20% with any choice of flavor-mixing, while for the $t'$ mass, we typically find stronger bounds, in some cases up to $m_{t'} > 430$ GeV. For $m_{b'} > m_{t'}$ we find $m_{b'} > 380 - 430$ GeV, depending on the flavor-mixing and the size of the $m_{t'} - m_{b'}$ mass splitting.
Phenomenology of transverse-spin and transverse-momentum effects in hard processes
Creators: name: Barone, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some recent analyses of single-spin and azimuthal asymmetries in SIDIS and Drell-Yan processes, focusing in particular on Collins, Sivers and Boer-Mulders effects, are briefly reviewed. The perspectives for future phenomenological studies are also outlined.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of "Diffraction 2010" (Otranto, Italy, 2010)
Femtosecond Optical Response of Exciton-LO Phonon Quasiparticles in GaAs
Creators: name: Betz, M.
name: Göger, G.
name: Leitenstorfer, A.
name: Zimmermann, R.
name: Bichler, Max
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Abstreiter, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 71.35.Gg; 78.47.+p; 78.66.Fd; S7.12

description: A weak Fano-type structure one LO phonon energy above the fundamental exciton in bulk GaAs is investigated via highly sensitive femtosecond transmission spectroscopy. It is identified as the response of an exciton-LO phonon quasiparticle. The low-density dephasing time of this excitation is directly determined to be 300 fs. Temperature and carrier density dependent measurements elucidate the properties of this resonance which is inaccessible in linear spectroscopy.
O3as: Ozone trend visualisations and return dates developed within within EOSC-synergy
Creators: name: Kerzenmacher, Tobias
name: Kozlov, Valentin
name: Esteban Sanchis, Borja
name: Cayoglu, Ugur
name: Hardt, Marcus
name: Braesicke, Peter
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023

description: The O3as service is a tool designed to support the assessment of atmospheric ozone levels and trends. It was developed as one of the thematic services of the EOSC-Synergy project. It allows for the analysis of large datasets from chemistry-climate models and presents the information in a user-friendly format for a broad range of users, including scientists, pupils, and interested citizens. The service utilizes a unified approach to process the data, employs CF conventions for homogenization, and generates figures that can be published or downloaded as csv files. It was developed as part of the EOSC-Synergy project, and it runs on a cloud-based, containerized architecture orchestrated by Kubernetes and HPC resources, and uses the Large Scale Data Facility (LSDF) at the KIT for data storage. The service is developed with best software practices, including quality assurance, continuous integration and delivery, and compliance with the FAIR principles. 

This presentation will focus in particular on the architecture and functionality of the O3as service, with an example demonstration of its usage.
Adaptive Branching for Constraint Satisfaction Problems
Creators: name: Balafoutis, Thanasis
name: Stergiou, Kostas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The two standard branching schemes for CSPs are d-way and 2-way branching. Although it has been shown that in theory the latter can be exponentially more effective than the former, there is a lack of empirical evidence showing such differences. To investigate this, we initially make an experimental comparison of the two branching schemes over a wide range of benchmarks. Experimental results verify the theoretical gap between d-way and 2-way branching as we move from a simple variable ordering heuristic like dom to more sophisticated ones like dom/ddeg. However, perhaps surprisingly, experiments also show that when state-of-the-art variable ordering heuristics like dom/wdeg are used then d-way can be clearly more efficient than 2-way branching in many cases. Motivated by this observation, we develop two generic heuristics that can be applied at certain points during search to decide whether 2-way branching or a restricted version of 2-way branching, which is close to d-way branching, will be followed. The application of these heuristics results in an adaptive branching scheme. Experiments with instantiations of the two generic heuristics confirm that search with adaptive branching outperforms search with a fixed branching scheme on a wide range of problems.
description: To appear in Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence - ECAI 2010
Sporadic cases of acute autochthonous hepatitis E virus infection in Southwest Germany.
Creators: name: Brost, S.
name: Wenzel, J. J.
name: Ganten, T. M.
name: Filser, M.
name: Flechtenmacher, C.
name: Boehm, S.
name: Astani, A.
name: Jilg, W.
name: Zeier, M.
name: Schnitzler, P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Hepatitis E virus; HEV; Acute hepatitis, Autochthonous hepatitis E
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften

description: Hepatitis E infection is usually a self-limiting disease and an important cause of acute hepatitis in tropical and subtropical regions where the virus is endemic. In industrialized countries, sporadic cases of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections have been described and the number of documented autochthonous infections seems to be increasing. We report three sporadic cases of autochthonous hepatitis E infections in Southwestern Germany which presented at our university hospital within two years. All cases were men who presented with acute hepatitis, icterus and elevated liver. In case 1 and case 2, liver biopsy revealed acute hepatitis, both patients were positive for anti-HEV antibodies, case 1 was also positive for HEV RNA with a viral load of 3.0x10(3)copies/ml in serum. In case 3, anti-HEV antibodies were detectable and HEV RNA was detected in serum (4.3x10(3)copies/ml) and stool (1.4x10(6)copies/ml). None of the patients had a recent travel history outside Germany and close contact to animals has been denied. HEV sequence analysis of two patients revealed genotype 3 with homologies to other European isolates and isolates from swine. Thus the source of infection remains unclear. Hepatitis E should be considered in differential diagnosis in patients with unexplained hepatitis and patients with acute hepatitis, whatever their age or travel history might be, should be tested for HEV.
Of fishpots, bonnets, and wine : the cultural history of the Bermuda palmetto
Creators: name: Wolsak, Anna Saskia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: This thesis represents the first academic study of Bermuda’s historical ethnobotany. Settled by the English in the early 17th century, Bermuda soon gave rise to a set of interfused hybrid cultures formed by people from around the Atlantic Basin. While inhabitants were shunted into political categories according to social standing (slave, slave-owner, indentured servant, land-owner, etc.), in reality each group arrived with traditional ethnobotanical knowledge which they rapidly adapted to the new social, political, and ecological climate. Until the 20th century, Bermudians were dependent on the island’s two dominant, endemic forest species: Sabal bermudana L.H. Bailey (Bermuda palmetto) and Juniperus bermudiana L. (Bermuda cedar). While much is known and has been written about the cedar, this thesis focuses on the palmetto which played an equal, if not more fundamental, role in the island’s economy and daily life. The palmetto was an invaluable source of food, wine, and household goods to 17th century settlers; its leaves were central to the 18th century plaiting and hat-making industry; and, now an endangered species, it is pivotal to today’s conservation and ecological restoration efforts. By tracing the rise and fall of palmetto use in Bermuda, we gain a lens through which to consider Bermuda as a complex social-ecological system, one that, both socially and ecologically, has been in constant flux since its inception. Some of the driving forces explored in this thesis include the adaptation of knowledge from Bermuda’s constituent cultures, the implementation of British colonial values and law, migration, slavery, scarcity of natural resources, starvation, the industrial revolution, and economic globalization. While this multiplicity of factors has led to a sharp decline in plant knowledge in Bermuda in the last century, many Bermudians are keen to preserve their hard-won traditional knowledge, evidenced by the small but impassioned cultural-revitalization and conservation movements on the island. Appendix A, therefore, provides a catalogue of plants of historical and present-day value in Bermuda and serves as a record for present and future generations. This list is supported by herbarium specimens, housed at UBC, to ensure accurate identification.
The TamaTA Programme Present: Why SMEs Need Light Sources: Advanced Composites, Food Safety, Recycled Rubber and More
Creators: name: Cartwright, Jon
name: Facoetti, Chiara
name: Mitchell, Edward
name: Sanchez Grueso, Alejandro
name: Valls, Nuria
name: van Daalen, Mirjam
name: Dzambegovic, Mahir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Synchrotron
SME
Innovation
Light Source
FEL

description: Synchrotron X-rays are billions of times brighter than those generated in a laboratory. As a result, they can expose material processes that are otherwise invisible to industry researchers. Synchrotrons and free-electron lasers are among the most powerful tools on Earth for illuminating the structure, composition and behaviour of materials. Their insights can hugely accelerate industrial research and development in a wide range of sectors. 
Over four years, within a broader Horizon2020 "CALIPSOplus" project, TamaTA made use of European Commission Horizon 2020 funding to subsidise access to synchrotrons for dozens of small-to-medium sized enterprises (SMEs), with impressive results. TamaTA's work is now continuing within the Horizon 2020 "LEAPS–INNOV" project.
This publication showcases a dozen of the projects done with SME on a wide variety of industrial innovative areas.
Transverse Momentum Distributions in the Non-Perturbative Region
Creators: name: Mantry, Sonny
name: Petriello, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low transverse momentum (p_T) distribution of the Z-boson at hadron colliders for p_T ~ Lambda_{QCD} using a factorization and resummation formula derived in the Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET). In the region p_T ~ Lambda_{QCD}, new non-perturbative effects arise that cannot be entirely captured by the standard parton distribution functions, and require an additional new non-perturbative transverse momentum function (TMF). The TMF is field-theoretically defined in SCET, fully gauge invariant, and captures the non-perturbative dynamics that affects the p_T-distribution in the region p_T ~ Lambda_{QCD}. The TMF also reduces to the expected perturbative result in the region p_T >> Lambda_{QCD}. We develop phenomenological models for these TMFs in the non-perturbative region and present example fits to the available data.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures; typos fixed
The Spokesman, Sep 26, 1991 - Vol. 41, No. 1
Creators: name: Team, The Editorial
Publisher: name: Morgan State University
Year: 1991
Subjects: Morgan State Controversy
News - National and Government
News - Campus and Local
Black Culture and News
Racism
Black History

description: Freedom of Speech Incident: The issue opens with a discussion of a September 19, 1991, incident at Morgan State University, dubbed "Madness at Murphy." During a visit by Governor William Donald Schaefer, there was a conflict over students' right to express disapproval, with some students being forcibly removed. The article questions whether free speech is truly protected on campus when political figures visit. Students claim police overreacted, causing injuries to several people, including a six-month-old child. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas: Another major section discusses the controversial nomination of Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court. The article presents his biography and his positions on racial quotas, affirmative action, and self-help. Thomas' nomination was divisive within the Black community, with some African American organizations opposing his confirmation, while a significant portion of the Black public supported him. Panhandling in Baltimore: An opinion piece humorously critiques the increasing sophistication of panhandlers in Baltimore, providing examples of individuals using creative pitches to ask for money, such as a woman claiming to need diapers for a child and a man holding a gas can, both of whom are suspected to be conning people. African American Representation in Media: A report discusses the underrepresentation of Black actors, actresses, and executives in the U.S. film and television industry. The report highlights that many prominent Black performers, especially women, struggle to find roles, and that decision-making positions in Hollywood remain overwhelmingly dominated by white males. Editorial on Racial Harmony: An editorial expresses frustration over frequent fighting at college events, particularly among African American students. It calls for unity and maturity, stressing that conflicts over trivial matters, such as stepping on someone's shoes at a party, detract from the bigger issues the community faces. Columbus and the Impact on Indigenous People: An article challenges the traditional narrative of Christopher Columbus as a discoverer, highlighting the devastating impact his arrival had on indigenous populations. It criticizes the mythologizing of Columbus' achievements, emphasizing the destruction he brought to the Americas, including genocide and slavery.
Young people's awareness, perception, and attitude towards sustainable development goals in India
Creators: name: Minimol, M.C.
name: Francis, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Visions for Sustainability
Year: 2023

description: To understand how young people's attitudes toward sustainable development goals are formed, this research examines the roles that awareness, perception, and personal value propositions play. We have also tried to investigate the role that worldviews play in young people's attitude development. Our research showed that, in addition to people's knowledge, which is important in fostering a better attitude toward the SDGs, their value propositions and worldviews are also essential in understanding it. We found that people with anthropocentric worldviews will specifically have a better attitude toward and perception of sustainable development goals. The study's findings add to the body of knowledge already available on sustainable development goals by offering empirical proof of the relationship between knowledge, perception, value propositions, worldviews, and attitudes toward such goals. This study also revealed that young people's value propositions have a significant impact on how they feel about and perceive sustainable development goals. Therefore, it is crucial to develop policy-level interventions that could result in better human values among young people.
description: Visions for Sustainability, NEW Visions online
The $^{150}$Nd($^3$He,$t$) and $^{150}$Sm($t$,$^3$He) reactions with applications to $ββ$ decay of $^{150}$Nd
Creators: name: Guess, C. J.
name: Adachi, T.
name: Akimune, H.
name: Algora, A.
name: Austin, Sam M.
name: Bazin, D.
name: Brown, B. A.
name: Caesar, C.
name: Deaven, J. M.
name: Ejiri, H.
name: Estevez, E.
name: Fang, D.
name: Faessler, A.
name: Frekers, D.
name: Fujita, H.
name: Fujita, Y.
name: Fujiwara, M.
name: Grinyer, G. F.
name: Harakeh, M. N.
name: Hatanaka, K.
name: Herlitzius, C.
name: Hirota, K.
name: Hitt, G. W.
name: Ishikawa, D.
name: Matsubara, H.
name: Meharchand, R.
name: Molina, F.
name: Okamura, H.
name: Ong, H. J.
name: Perdikakis, G.
name: Rodin, V.
name: Rubio, B.
name: Shimbara, Y.
name: Süsoy, G.
name: Suzuki, T.
name: Tamii, A.
name: Thies, J. H.
name: Tur, C.
name: Verhanovitz, N.
name: Yosoi, M.
name: Yurkon, J.
name: Zegers, R. G. T.
name: Zenihiro, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $^{150}$Nd($^3$He,$t$) reaction at 140 MeV/u and $^{150}$Sm($t$,$^3$He) reaction at 115 MeV/u were measured, populating excited states in $^{150}$Pm. The transitions studied populate intermediate states of importance for the (neutrinoless) $ββ$ decay of $^{150}$Nd to $^{150}$Sm. Monopole and dipole contributions to the measured excitation-energy spectra were extracted by using multipole decomposition analyses. The experimental results were compared with theoretical calculations obtained within the framework of Quasiparticle Random-Phase Approximation (QRPA), which is one of the main methods employed for estimating the half-life of the neutrinoless $ββ$ decay ($0νββ$) of $^{150}$Nd. The present results thus provide useful information on the neutrino responses for evaluating the $0νββ$ and $2νββ$ matrix elements. The $2νββ$ matrix element calculated from the Gamow-Teller transitions through the lowest $1^{+}$ state in the intermediate nucleus is maximally about half of that deduced from the half-life measured in $2νββ$ direct counting experiments and at least several transitions through $1^{+}$ intermediate states in $^{150}$Pm are required to explain the $2νββ$ half-life. Because Gamow-Teller transitions in the $^{150}$Sm($t$,$^3$He) experiment are strongly Pauli-blocked, the extraction of Gamow-Teller strengths was complicated by the excitation of the $2\hbarω$, $ΔL=0$, $ΔS=1$ isovector spin-flip giant monopole resonance (IVSGMR). However, the near absence of Gamow-Teller transition strength made it possible to cleanly identify this resonance, and the strength observed is consistent with the full exhaustion of the non-energy-weighted sum rule for the IVSGMR.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Menschlicher Leichenbrand aus 14 Gräbern des Brandgräberfeldes von Löhne-Gohfeld, Kr. Herford
Creators: name: Grefen-Peters, Silke
Publisher: name: Ausgrabungen und Funde in Westfalen-Lippe
Year: 2023

description: .
description: Ausgrabungen und Funde in Westfalen-Lippe, Ausgrabungen und Funde in Westfalen-Lippe 16 (2022/2023)
Gruben, Gräber und ein Reiter – der mehrperiodige Fundplatz von Löhne-Gohfeld, Kr. Herford
Creators: name: Hallenkamp-Lumpe, Julia
Publisher: name: Ausgrabungen und Funde in Westfalen-Lippe
Year: 2023

description: .
description: Ausgrabungen und Funde in Westfalen-Lippe, Ausgrabungen und Funde in Westfalen-Lippe 16 (2022/2023)
Settling in or just settling? Exploring older adults' narratives of relocation to assisted living
Creators: name: Rockwell, Jasmyne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Since 2001, British Columbia has seen an expansion in the assisted living (AL) segment of supportive housing for older adults. Values associated with AL typically include independence, choice, self-direction, and autonomy, which position it as an attractive alternative to traditional residential care models or ‘nursing homes.’ Yet, there have been few studies that critically examine AL in the Canadian context. Such investigations are important because of the variation in AL facilities internationally. Also, there is lack of research generally on the significance of the transition to AL for older adults or what their experiences are once they have arrived. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore older adults’ narratives of moving to AL, in order to learn about their relocation experiences and how they fit with the overarching goals and values of AL. To do this, the study employed thematic content analysis of 18 provincially-focused, publicly available documents about AL. Collectively, the documents addressed both service users and providers and spoke to expectations and regulations for service delivery. The study also employed multi-level narrative analysis of four older adults' relocation stories, gathered over the period of a year. Findings from the study indicate that there are tensions between the foundational values and purposes of AL, how these are operationalized at the facility level, and how they are experienced by those moving in. While participants were generally pleased with the supportive and health care services they accessed by relocating, their accounts also highlighted a lack of social connection within AL and restrictions to choice in a variety of areas including dining and recreational pursuits. However, the findings also illuminate positive and innovative practices that can ease the transition to AL. Recommendations include: 1) finding avenues for residents to express their choices in meaningful ways, such as increasing resident input at an organizational level and expanding the type of activities offered; and 2) offering more deliberate facilitation of social and place connections in AL through an increased role for social workers in AL, peer support programs, and stronger community ties.