cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Power spectrum of density fluctuations, halo abundances and clustering with primordial black holes
Creators: name: Padilla, Nelson
name: Magana, Juan
name: Sureda, Joaquin
name: Araya, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of dark matter (DM) being encapsulated in primordial black holes (PBHs) on the power spectrum of density fluctuations $P(k)$; we also look at its effect on the abundance of haloes and their clustering. We allow the growth of Poisson fluctuations since matter and radiation equality and study both monochromatic and extended PBH mass distributions. We present updated monochromatic black hole mass constraints by demanding $<10\%$ deviations from the $Λ$ cold dark matter power spectrum at a scale of $k=1$hMpc$^{-1}$. Our results show that PBHs with masses $>10^4$h$^{-1}M_\odot$ are excluded from conforming all of the DM in the Universe. We also apply this condition to our extended Press-Schechter (PS) mass functions, and find that the Poisson power is scale dependent even before applying evolution. We find that characteristic masses $M^*\leq10^2 $h$^{-1}M_\odot$ are allowed, {leaving only two characteristic PBH mass windows of PS mass functions when combining with previous constraints, at $M^*\sim10^2$h$^{-1}M_\odot$ and $\sim10^{-8}$h$^{-1}M_\odot$ where all of the DM can be in PBHs. The resulting DM halo mass functions within these windows are similar} to those resulting from cold dark matter made of fundamental particles. However, as soon as the parameters produce unrealistic $P(k)$, the resulting halo mass functions and their bias as a function of halo mass deviate strongly from the behaviour measured in the real Universe.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, version accepted for publication in MNRAS
D. Eurico Dias Nogueira. Memória de um contemporâneo
Creators: name: Trindade, D. Manuel De Almeida
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 2 (2000): D. Eurico Dias Nogueira. Arcebispo Primaz de Braga (1977-1999). Homenagem.
Estimation of the detectability of optical orphan afterglows
Creators: name: Zou, Y. C.
name: Wu, X. F.
name: Dai, Z. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By neglecting sideways expansion of gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets and assuming their half-opening angle distribution, we estimate the detectability of orphan optical afterglows. This estimation is carried out by calculating the durations of off-axis optical afterglows whose flux density exceeds a certain observational limit. We show that the former assumption leads to more detectable orphans, while the latter suppresses the detectability strongly compared with the model with half-opening angle $θ_j=0.1$. We also considered the effects of other parameters, and find that the effects of the ejecta energy $E_j$ and post-jet-break temporal index $-α_2$ are important but that the effects of the electron-energy distribution index $p$, electron energy equipartition factor $ε_e$, and environment density $n$ are insignificant. If $E_j$ and $α_2$ are determined by other methods, one can constrain the half-opening angle distribution of jets by observing orphan afterglows. Adopting a set of "standard" parameters, the detectable rate of orphan afterglows is about $1.3\times 10^{-2} {deg}^{-2} {yr}^{-1}$, if the observed limiting magnitude is 20 in R-band.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by A&A
Quality Adjustment for Spatially-Delineated Public Goods: Theory and Application to Cost-of-Living Indices in Los Angeles
Creators: name: Banzhaf, H. Spencer
name: Banzhaf, H. Spencer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: air quality
subject: discrete choice models
subject: green accounting
subject: nonmarket valuation
subject: price index

description: This paper illustrates how public goods may be incorporated into a cost-of-living index. When public goods are weak complements to a market good, quality-adjusted prices for the market good capture all the welfare information required. They are also consistent with a Laspeyres index that maintains the bound on a true cost-of-living index. The paper recovers this information from a discrete-choice model, using a simulation routine to solve for the appropriate price adjustments. These concepts are applied to the case of housing, education, crime, and air quality in Los Angeles for 1989 to 1994. Over a period of time when they are improving, incorporating pubic goods into the index lowers the estimated change in the cost of living by 0.5 to 2.6 percentage points. In other years, when public goods diverge, the estimated annual adjustment differs by model, with a range of -0.2 to +1.3 percentage points.
Additional file 1 of Impact of previous exposure to systemic corticosteroids on unfavorable outcome in patients hospitalized for COVID-19
Creators: name: Lafaurie, Margaux
name: Martin-Blondel, Guillaume
name: Delobel, Pierre
name: Kamar, Nassim
name: Charpentier, Sandrine
name: Sommet, Agnès
name: Moulis, Guillaume
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Propensity score distribution according to exposure to systemic corticosteroids prior to hospitalization by each imputation of missing data (5 imputations, panels A to E) in the study population (n=253). Blue bars: patients unexposed to systemic corticosteroids. Red bars: patients exposed to systemic corticosteroids.
DEMAND INTERACTION BETWEEN FARMED SALMON AND WILD CAUGHT FISH IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Creators: name: Fofana, Abdulai
name: Clayton, Patty
name: Fofana, Abdulai
name: Clayton, Patty
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Demand
subject: salmon
subject: whitefish
subject: shellfish
subject: AIDS
subject: elasticities

description: Demand relationships between salmon and a number of wild-caught whitefish and shellfish species using both single equation models and linearised AIDS system framework. The system is well represented although autocorrelation were found in both approaches but this is less of a problem in the systems approach. A cautious interpretation of the results indicated that salmon had a long-run market relationship with the whitefish species of cod, monkfish, saithe, whiting and plaice and with the shellfish species of mussels, nephrops, scallops and shrimp. These groups contain the main seafood species consumed within the United Kingdom, and therefore should include most potential substitutes for salmon.
The Lense-Thirring effect in the Jovian system of the Galilean satellites and its measurability
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
name: Lainey, Valery
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the possibility of measuring the post-Newtonian general relativistic gravitomagnetic Lense-Thirring effect in the Jovian system of its Galilean satellites Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto in view of recent developments in processing and modelling their optical observations spanning a large time interval (125 years). The present day best observations have an accuracy between several kilometers to few tens of kilometers, which is just the order of magnitude of the Lense-Thirring shifts of the orbits of the Galilean satellites over almost a century. From a comparison between analytical development and numerical integration it turns out that, unfortunately, most of the secular component of the gravitomagnetic signature is removed in the process of fitting the initial conditions. Indeed, an estimation of the magnitude of the Lense-Thirring effect in the ephemerides residuals is given; the resulting residuals have a maximum magnitude of 20 meters only (over 125 years).
description: Latex, 10 pages, 4 tables, 3 figures, 27 references. Invited paper for a Special Issue of Int. J. Mod. Phys. D on the Lense-Thirring effect, D. Grumiller editor
Fairness in Risk Assessment Instruments: Post-Processing to Achieve Counterfactual Equalized Odds
Creators: name: Mishler, Alan
name: Kennedy, Edward H.
name: Chouldechova, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In domains such as criminal justice, medicine, and social welfare, decision makers increasingly have access to algorithmic Risk Assessment Instruments (RAIs). RAIs estimate the risk of an adverse outcome such as recidivism or child neglect, potentially informing high-stakes decisions such as whether to release a defendant on bail or initiate a child welfare investigation. It is important to ensure that RAIs are fair, so that the benefits and harms of such decisions are equitably distributed. The most widely used algorithmic fairness criteria are formulated with respect to observable outcomes, such as whether a person actually recidivates, but these criteria are misleading when applied to RAIs. Since RAIs are intended to inform interventions that can reduce risk, the prediction itself affects the downstream outcome. Recent work has argued that fairness criteria for RAIs should instead utilize potential outcomes, i.e. the outcomes that would occur in the absence of an appropriate intervention. However, no methods currently exist to satisfy such fairness criteria. In this paper, we target one such criterion, counterfactual equalized odds. We develop a post-processed predictor that is estimated via doubly robust estimators, extending and adapting previous post-processing approaches to the counterfactual setting. We also provide doubly robust estimators of the risk and fairness properties of arbitrary fixed post-processed predictors. Our predictor converges to an optimal fair predictor at fast rates. We illustrate properties of our method and show that it performs well on both simulated and real data.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
A Igreja de Braga e a comunicação social ao tempo de D. Eurico
Creators: name: Araújo, Silva
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 2 (2000): D. Eurico Dias Nogueira. Arcebispo Primaz de Braga (1977-1999). Homenagem.
Larnax kann-rasmusseniorum S. Leiva & Quipuscoa 2003
Creators: name: Deanna, Rocío
name: González, Segundo Leiva
name: Barboza, Gloria E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Larnax
Larnax kann-Rasmusseniorum

description: Larnax kann-rasmusseniorum S. Leiva & Quipuscoa (2003: 29)
Lectotype (designated here):— PERU. San Martin: Huallaga, Entre la Ribera y Añazco Pueblo, 1850 m, 6°84.705'LS 77°48.440'LO, 1 September 2000, S. Leiva & V. Quipuscoa 2470 (HUT 40031! two sheets).
Only one isotype was found (HUT). This collection consists of a single specimen mounted on two herbarium sheets, labeled "sheet 1" and "sheet 2"; the first is a branch with two accrescent calyces and some buds (Fig. 13 D), while the second one possesses two mature and two immature fruits. Flowers, which are the most diagnostic character, are missing in both specimens. The cross-labelling between the two sheets indicates that they constitute a single specimen (art. 8.3, ICN 2012) reinforced by the fact that “sheet 2” lacks a label with collection data.
description: Published as part of Deanna, Rocío, González, Segundo Leiva & Barboza, Gloria E., 2014, Four new species and eighteen lectotypifications of Larnax from Ecuador and Peru and a new synonym of Deprea orinocensis (Solanaceae: Solanoideae, Physalideae), pp. 1-34 in Phytotaxa 167 (1) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.167.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5153819
Values of zeta functions at s=1/2
Creators: name: Ramachandran, Niranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the behaviour near s=1/2 of zeta functions of varieties over finite fields F_q with q a square. The main result is an Euler-characteristic formula for the square of the special value at s=1/2. The Euler-characteristic is constructed from the Weil-etale cohomology of a certain supersingular elliptic curve.
description: Submitted version. IMRN (to appear)
TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN SCOTTISH AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Santarossa, John M.
name: Santarossa, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: technical efficiency
subject: financial distress
subject: risk measurement
subject: diversification.

description: This paper presents results of estimates of both the financial robustness and the technical efficiency of a representative sample of Scottish farms. Emphasis was placed on those factors that impact on long-term sustainability in order to identify those effects that may be characterised as having a high propensity to further increase the vulnerability of the sector. The aim was further one of providing focussed knowledge that might steer the policy decision making process towards potential targets of importance. Series of financial indicators were modelled to assess the financial health of each farm in the sample as well as predicting the future viability of each enterprise. Further, physical and financial data were employed to ascertain the technical efficiency of farms and possible sources of inefficiencies. On the strength of the findings, we concluded that farms that are characterised by being not being in Least Favoured Areas (LFA), specialised, large and with low indebtedness are those most likely to survive. However, although technical efficiency and financial distress indicators confirmed that while a significant proportion of farms were classed as being in financial distress, most of those being in LFA and mostly cattle or sheep farms, these same indicators effectively suggested that given the specialised nature of those farms, continued survival was possible, specifically where the debt ratio could be reduced to ideally zero while no significant attempt would be made at diversification of the agricultural enterprise. While some factors are rather fixed such as geographical location, in order to ensure continuity others can more easily be targeted for improvement, namely farm size, degree of specialisation, farmers' accumulated knowledge and financial health.
The Effect of Preschool Experiences on Kindergarten DIBELS Scores
Creators: name: Wingard, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of kindergarten Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) scores of children who participated in Anne Arundel County pre-kindergarten programs, private pre-schools, daycares and those who were in a family setting. The instrument used was the DIBELS test scores from the beginning and middle of kindergarten. There were no significant differences among the kindergarten groups. Research in this area should continue to determine if pre-kindergarten has a positive affect on kindergarten students.
The Effects of Reader’s Theater Instruction on Oral Reading Fluency of Second Grade Students
Creators: name: Bagley, Amanda M.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to determine whether small group instruction using Reader’s Theater would positively affect the oral reading fluency scores of second graders who were identified as at-risk readers. The measurement tool was the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) Assessment. This study involved the use of a pretest/posttest design to compare students’ scores on the oral reading fluency subtest (before the intervention was administered) to their scores six weeks later (after the intervention was complete). The research in this study examined whether the gap between the students receiving the intervention and the students not receiving the intervention would close. The scores of the students in the treatment group increased, but the gap did not close after the intervention took place. Continued research on the effectiveness of Reader’s Theater to aid in reading fluency is needed.
Hermitian integral geometry
Creators: name: Bernig, Andreas
name: Fu, Joseph H. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A22

description: We give in explicit form the principal kinematic formula for the action of the affine unitary group on $\C^n$, together with a straightforward algebraic method for computing the full array of unitary kinematic formulas, expressed in terms of certain convex valuations introduced, essentially, by H. Tasaki. We introduce also several other canonical bases for the algebra of unitary-invariant valuations, explore their interrelations, and characterize in these terms the cones of positive and monotone elements.
description: To appear in Ann. of Math. Version for publication
Soft-drop grooming for hadronic event shapes
Creators: name: Baron, Jeremy
name: Reichelt, Daniel
name: Schumann, Steffen
name: Schwanemann, Niklas
name: Theeuwes, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft-drop grooming of hadron-collision final states has the potential to significantly reduce the impact of non-perturbative corrections, and in particular the underlying-event contribution. This eventually will enable a more direct comparison of accurate perturbative predictions with experimental measurements. In this study we consider soft-drop groomed dijet event shapes. We derive general results needed to perform the resummation of suitable event-shape variables to next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy matched to exact next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD matrix elements. We compile predictions for the transverse-thrust shape accurate to NLO+NLL' using the implementation of the CAESAR formalism in the Sherpa event generator framework. We complement this by state-of-the-art parton- and hadron-level predictions based on NLO QCD matrix elements matched with parton showers. We explore the potential to mitigate non-perturbative corrections for particle-level and track-based measurements of transverse thrust by considering a wide range of soft-drop parameters. We find that soft-drop grooming indeed is very efficient in removing the underlying event. This motivates future experimental measurements to be compared to precise QCD predictions and employed to constrain non-perturbative models in Monte-Carlo simulations.
description: 50 pages, 21 figures, extended discussion, version accepted for publication in JHEP
The Effect of Explicit Reading Strategy Instruction on Second Grade Student Achievement
Creators: name: Chaney, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose for this study was to ascertain whether teaching explicit reading strategies from the Primary Comprehension Toolkit by Harvey and Goudvis would impact the reading comprehension of lower achieving second grade students. The study used a t-test for independent samples, which used a pre-test and post test design comparing the reading comprehension of two select groups of second grade students. Students were selected based on teacher observations, reading group placements, and ability and effort to participate. Both groups obtained the equivalent daily reading instruction within the traditional classroom setting. The treatment group of four students received five weeks of explicit reading strategy instruction during a half-hour biweekly lunch session, which met for 30 minutes. The control group consisted of four students who received no additional reading intervention support. Reading comprehension on the second grade Houghton Mifflin Content links administered prior to intervention and afterwards, disclosed no significant differences in achievement relating the treatment and control groups. Although there were no significant conclusions, observations, anecdotal notes and additional research propose that teaching specific reading strategies may enhance reading comprehension. Educational implications and classroom propositions for future research are discussed and analyzed.
Mindset and its Impact on Reading Motivation
Creators: name: DeRitter, Megan E.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: This study examines the impact of teacher interaction and instructional strategies on students’ mindset along with the relationship between students’ type of mindset (entity and incremental) and reading motivation. Dweck (2007) has conducted extensive research on individuals’ views on intelligence and ability and this study was an extension of her findings that teacher language could impact students’ mindsets. In this study, 20 third graders who attended a public charter school completed a scale based on, the Mindset Assessment Tool (MAT), assessing their mindset, fixed or growth. In addition, their reading motivation was assessed with the Motivation to Read Profile (MRP), which consisted of scales assessing their self-concept as readers and their value of reading. Six students identified as having a fixed mindset participated in a 12 day intervention where growth-oriented language was implemented throughout reading activities and challenges. At the end of the intervention the 20 students were re-administered the original scales. No significant difference was found between the fixed and growth mindset groups’ reading motivation scores before or after the intervention. In addition, this study found the experimental groups’ mindset (fixed) was not significantly influenced by the small-group intervention infused with purposeful teaching strategies and language. Hence the null hypotheses that pre and post intervention motivation to read would be statistically equivalent for students initially identified as having fixed and growth mindsets were retained. The null hypothesis that MAT scores for students with fixed mindsets would not change significantly due to the intervention also was retained.
Additional file 2 of Machine learning-aided risk stratification in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Creators: name: Nishiwaki, Satoshi
name: Sugiura, Isamu
name: Koyama, Daisuke
name: Yukiyasu Ozawa
name: Osaki, Masahide
name: Ishikawa, Yuichi
name: Kiyoi, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary methods.
Pre-threshold fractional susceptibility functions at Misiurewicz parameters
Creators: name: Sedro, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37C30, 37C40, 37E05, 37A10

description: We show that the response, frozen and semifreddo fractional susceptibility functions of certain real-analytic unimodal families, at Misiurewicz parameters and for fractional differentiation index $0\leη<1/2$, are holomorphic on a disk of radius greater than one. This is a step towards solving a conjecture of Baladi and Smania, in the case of the aforementioned susceptibility functions.
description: 11 pages. Electronic copy of final peer-reviewed manuscript accepted for publication in Nonlinearity
The Effect of Forward-Reaching and Backward-Reaching Transfer Instruction on Second Graders’ Problem-Solving Ability
Creators: name: Dougherty, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to determine whether direct instruction on forward and backward-reaching transfer would improve second grade students’ ability to apply past learning to solve new problems and deduce applications to future problems. The study was quasi-experimental, and used random selection to assign ten second grade students each to the treatment and control groups. Both groups received 30 minutes of general mathematics instruction. The treatment group received an additional 30 minutes of transfer training for one week. All 20 students in the treatment and control group completed one “Problem of the Day” exercise each day for two weeks. Daily post-problem questionnaires which asked students to connect the problem with prior knowledge or a future problem were given to both the treatment and the control groups and responses on them were compared to assess students’ utilization of transfer training. A pre/posttest was utilized to determine the treatment group’s understanding of forward and backward-reaching transfer. Comparison of the total Problem of the Day solution scores between both groups revealed no significant difference in performance. The mean differences on five variables, compared between the treatment and control group, determined no significant difference in participants’ ability to apply transfer strategies. Although there were no significant findings, observations and other research suggest that teaching transfer strategies may improve problem-solving in second grade students. Educational implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Performance Slumps and Out-of-Season Training for High School Athletes
Creators: name: Fiat, Kyle
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to determine if out-of-season strength and speed training programs
impact performance slumps for high school-aged athletes. The measurement tool for the study
was game statistics that already were being recorded. The statistics that were analyzed were
give-away’s, take-away’s, contested 50/50 balls, and touches on the ball. This study was a causal
comparative study analyzing performance slumps for athletes who participated in an out-ofseason
strength and speed training program as compared with performance slumps of those
students who did not participate in such a program. There was no significant difference in
performance slumps recorded for the Spring 2013 semester for those athletes who participated in
an out-of-season training program compared with slumps for those who did not participate.
Studies related to this topic should continue as there has been little research done on the impact
of out-of-season training impacting in-season performance slumps.
The cosmic coincidence in Brans-Dicke cosmologies
Creators: name: Carneiro, Saulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the suggested solutions to the cosmological constant problem, we find the idea of a dynamic vacuum, with an energy density decaying with the universe expansion. We investigate the possibility of a variation in the gravitational constant as well, induced, at the cosmological scale, by the vacuum decay. We consider an effective Brans-Dicke theory in the spatially flat FLRW spacetime, finding late time solutions characterized by a constant ratio between the matter and vacuum energy densities. By using the observed limits for the universe age, we fix the only free parameter of our solutions, obtaining a relative matter density in the range 0.25-0.4. In particular, for Ht = 1 we obtain a relative matter density equals to 1/3. This constitutes a possible explanation for another problem related to the cosmological term, the cosmic coincidence problem.
description: This essay received an "honorable mention" in the 2005 Essay Competition of the Gravity Research Foundation
IMPACT OF THE 1998 ICE STORM ON THE EASTERN ONTARIO MAPLE SYRUP INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF NATURAL DISASTER POLICY IN CANADA
Creators: name: Kidon, Jennifer
name: Fox, Glenn
name: Kidon, Jennifer
name: Fox, Glenn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Under Canada's Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements (DFAA), the federal government can provide provinces with funds for emergency response and recovery in the event of a natural disaster. This assistance has historically been provided on an ad hoc basis. In recent years, the amount of DFAA assistance has significantly increased without any auditing to determine how effective and efficient these expenditures are in offsetting economic losses due to natural disasters. The goal of this paper is to examine the implications of natural disaster compensation and assistance programs for economic efficiency. A framework is developed to determine if government assistance expenditures have offset economic losses to a specific industry using a case study of the 1998 ice storm and the eastern Ontario maple syrup industry. Projections of damage recovery are used to measure the economic impact of the storm, and a comparison is then drawn between the change in producers' welfare and government assistance. The implications of the findings for the case study and for future natural disaster assistance programs in Canada are discussed.
Additional file 1 of Comprehensive analysis of autophagy-related genes and patterns of immune cell infiltration in valvular atrial fibrillation
Creators: name: Liu, Ao
name: Kangni Jia
name: Huaibin Liang
name: Jin, Qi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental methods.
Angular Momentum Conservation Law for Randall-Sundrum Models
Creators: name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
name: Duan, Yi-Shi
name: Zhang, Li-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Randall-Sundrum models, by the use of general Noether theorem, the covariant angular momentum conservation law is obtained with the respect to the local Lorentz transformations. The angular momentum current has also superpotential and is therefore identically conserved. The space-like components $J_{ij}$ of the angular momentum for Randall-Sundrum models are zero. But the component $J_{04}$ is infinite.
description: 10 pages, no figures, accepted by Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Questões éticas e sacerdócio em D. Eurico Dias Nogueira
Creators: name: Abreu, Paulo
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 2 (2000): D. Eurico Dias Nogueira. Arcebispo Primaz de Braga (1977-1999). Homenagem.
DanceIt: Music-inspired Dancing Video Synthesis
Creators: name: Guo, Xin
name: Zhao, Yifan
name: Li, Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Close your eyes and listen to music, one can easily imagine an actor dancing rhythmically along with the music. These dance movements are usually made up of dance movements you have seen before. In this paper, we propose to reproduce such an inherent capability of the human-being within a computer vision system. The proposed system consists of three modules. To explore the relationship between music and dance movements, we propose a cross-modal alignment module that focuses on dancing video clips, accompanied on pre-designed music, to learn a system that can judge the consistency between the visual features of pose sequences and the acoustic features of music. The learned model is then used in the imagination module to select a pose sequence for the given music. Such pose sequence selected from the music, however, is usually discontinuous. To solve this problem, in the spatial-temporal alignment module we develop a spatial alignment algorithm based on the tendency and periodicity of dance movements to predict dance movements between discontinuous fragments. In addition, the selected pose sequence is often misaligned with the music beat. To solve this problem, we further develop a temporal alignment algorithm to align the rhythm of music and dance. Finally, the processed pose sequence is used to synthesize realistic dancing videos in the imagination module. The generated dancing videos match the content and rhythm of the music. Experimental results and subjective evaluations show that the proposed approach can perform the function of generating promising dancing videos by inputting music.
description: 14 pages, 20 figures. [J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2021
REALIZING EFFICIENT USE AND CONSERVATION OF LAND UNDER PRIVATE OWNERSHIP: A REBUTMENT TO NOBEL ECONOMICS LAUREATE THEODORE W. SCHULTZ
Creators: name: Zhou, Jian-Ming
name: Zhou, Jian-Ming
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Rebutting Theodore W. Schultz's assertions that small farmers are rational, low income countries saddled with traditional agriculture have not the problem of many farmers leaving agriculture for nonfarm jobs, part-time farming is efficient, and economies of scale have no logical basis and not stood the test of time, this paper presents that in (1) the low income countries still saddled with traditional agriculture, (2) the low income countries developing towards the high income economy, and (3) the high income countries, numerous able-bodied part-time and absent farmers earning higher off-farm income tend to under-utilize or idle small (and often fragmented) farms without selling or leasing them to full-time farmers to achieve economies of scale which do have logical basis and stood the test of empirical findings; and indicates that this is a global problem unresolved under private land ownership in both developing and developed countries. Thus small farmers in so doing are not so rational to the societal and their own fundamental interests. The paper also shows that in Central-Eastern Europe and Central Asia under private land ownership or possession many farmers voluntarily remain in collective land operation which perpetuates the low individual incentives. The paper further analyses the dilemmas the EU has been facing in resolving food overproduction, reducing trade-distorting agricultural subsidies and tariffs, keeping self-sufficiency, retaining small farmers in agriculture while strengthening large farmers, and efficient land use; and the crucial imperfections in the EU enlargement process. The paper thus proposes possible solutions on how to protect private land ownership, while transferring under-utilized land to full-time farmers; prevent the high costs of the traditional land consolidation, but still reaching its aims; keep part-time small farmers in agriculture, meanwhile bolstering full-time large farmers; avoid collective land operation, in the meantime benefiting from collective services; boosting EU enlargement but not adding burdens on the EU; retain non-cereal agriculture on ecologically sensitive land, at the same time improving the environment and precluding food overproduction; reduce trade-distorting agricultural subsidies and high tariffs, whereas making full-time farmers viable and competitive; and promote off-farm activities, for the meantime reinforcing agriculture.
The Effect of Teaching Phonics and Phonemic Awareness Training to Adolescent Struggling Readers
Creators: name: Hardesty, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of teaching phonics and phonemic awareness training to adolescent struggling readers. The measurement tool was the Scholastic Reading Inventory (SRI). This study involved the use of a pretest/posttest design to compare data prior to the implementation of the reading intervention, System 44, to data after the intervention was complete (one to two years). Achievement gains were not significant, though results could be attributable to a number of intervening factors. Research in the area of high school reading remediation should continue given the continued disagreement over best practices and the new standards that must be met per the Common Core.
Heat Kernel Measure on Central Extension of Current Groups in any Dimension
Creators: name: Leandre, Remi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define measures on central extension of current groups in any dimension by using infinite dimensional Brownian motion.
description: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Additional file 1 of ContigExtender: a new approach to improving de novo sequence assembly for viral metagenomics data
Creators: name: Deng, Zachary
name: Delwart, Eric
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. shows a comparison of contigs produced by ContigExtender, PRICE, Kollector, GenSeed, and metaSPAdes from in silico reads of the BKV and HIV viruses. Supplementary Table S2 shows contig lengths produced by ContigExtender on simulated paired-end reads from pIRS (read length 100, error rate 0.05).
Neuromorphic Control
Creators: name: Ribar, Luka
name: Sepulchre, Rodolphe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neuromorphic engineering is a rapidly developing field that aims to take inspiration from the biological organization of neural systems to develop novel technology for computing, sensing, and actuating. The unique properties of such systems call for new signal processing and control paradigms. The article introduces the mixed feedback organization of excitable neuronal systems, consisting of interlocked positive and negative feedback loops acting in distinct timescales. The principles of biological neuromodulation suggest a methodology for designing and controlling mixed-feedback systems neuromorphically. The proposed design consists of a parallel interconnection of elementary circuit elements that mirrors the organization of biological neurons and utilizes the hardware components of neuromorphic electronic circuits. The interconnection structure endows the neuromorphic systems with a simple control methodology that reframes the neuronal control as an input-output shaping problem. The potential of neuronal control is illustrated on elementary network examples that suggest the scalability of the mixed-feedback principles.
PRESERVING SMALL WHILE STRENGTHENING LARGE FARMERS IN THE USA AND OECD
Creators: name: Zhou, Jian-Ming
name: Zhou, Jian-Ming
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: land tenure
subject: full owner
subject: tenant
subject: part owner
subject: large farmers
subject: small farmers
subject: off farm activities
subject: inefficient land-holding
subject: Dual Land System
subject: Single Land System

description: Facing the general trend towards larger but fewer farms since 1935, the US government implemented a protective safety net for small farmers during 1933-96 which did not halt it but incurred market distortions and other drawbacks. It then switched to market oriented measures in 1996 which have made small farmers more exposed to market risks. A suitable solution to both preserving small and strengthening large farms has not been found. This paper provides a proposal not included in the 145 recommendations in the report `A Time to Act' by the National Commission on Small Farms of the USDA in January 1998: to promote part ownership of land by encouraging small farmers to develop off-farm activities and lease the land beyond self-need to part owners (including competent small farmers) to boost large farmers. In this way, while part owners could achieve economies of scale, small farmers would be boss of self-used land and landlord of rented-out land, integrated with large farmers, gain more income from rent, increase time for and earnings from off-farm activities, so that small farmers, rural communities, democracy roots and landscape could be conserved. It shows an example of how some black farmers who were small in terms of owned land but became large after renting in land achieved success in farming. Although part ownership has been increasing, it has never been promoted as a policy direction and even be neglected. This proposal may be relevant to other OECD countries with a large versus small bimodal farm structure.
Additional file 1 of evALLution: making basic evolution concepts accessible to people with visual impairment through a multisensory tree of life
Creators: name: Laurentino, Telma G.
name: Xavier, Marisa
name: Ronco, Fabrizia
name: Pina-Martins, Francisco
name: Domingues, Iolanda
name: Penha, Bruno
name: Dias, Marta
name: Sousa, Alexandra De
name: Carrilho, Tiago
name: Rodrigues, Leonor R.
name: Pinheiro, Carlota
name: Rato, Daniela
name: Balata, Duarte
name: Ayala-Botto, Gonçalo
name: Matos, Margarida
name: Campelo, Maria
name: Botelho, Rafael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. List of all the materials used in the MSToL per branch, their source and respective evolution concepts explored.
Formação de quadros qualificados: os seminários e a Universidade Católica. D. Eurico e os seminários arquidiocesanos
Creators: name: Tinoco, Manuel Azevedo
Publisher: name: Theologica
Year: 2021

description: Theologica, v. 35 n. 2 (2000): D. Eurico Dias Nogueira. Arcebispo Primaz de Braga (1977-1999). Homenagem.
Thermal X-Ray Iron Line Emission from the Galactic Center Black Hole Sagittarius A*
Creators: name: Xu, Ya-Di
name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Yuan, Feng
name: Baganoff, Frederick K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model thermal X-ray emission from the accreting supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* at the Galactic Center. For the region inside $1.^{\prime\prime}5$ of the center, we use a {generalized} radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF) model, and for the region out to $10^{\prime\prime}$ we use published models of the ambient hot gas. We calculate the equivalent widths of Hydrogen-like and Helium-like emission lines of various elements, notably iron. We predict that a strong Helium-like iron line with an equivalent width $\sim1$ keV should be emitted by both the external medium and the RIAF. The equivalent width in the external medium is sensitive to the metallicity $Z$ of the gas as well as the mean temperature. For reasonable choices of these parameters, the calculated results agree with Chandra's detection of an iron line with an equivalent width of 1.3 keV within $10^{\prime\prime}$. The emission from within $1.^{\prime\prime}5$ is not sensitive to the external temperature, but is sensitive to the density and, especially, temperature profile inside the Bondi radius. For the range of profiles we consider, we calculate the equivalent width of the iron line to be $\sim0.6-1.5 (Z/Z_\odot)$ keV, where $Z_\odot$ is the solar metallicity. We present a new Chandra spectrum of the quiescent emission within $1.^{\prime\prime}5$ of Sgr A*. The measured equivalent width of the iron line is 0.7 keV. Although this measurement has a large uncertainty, it is consistent with our predictions, provided the metallicity of the gas is approximately solar.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
High temperature expansion of emptiness formation probability for isotropic Heisenberg chain
Creators: name: Tsuboi, Zengo
name: Shiroishi, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Göhmann, Klümper and Seel have derived novel integral formulas for the correlation functions of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain at finite temperature. We have found that the high temperature expansion (HTE) technique can be effectively applied to evaluate these integral formulas. Actually, as for the emptiness formation probability ${P(n)}$ of the isotropic Heisenberg chain, we have found a general formula of the HTE for ${P(n)}$ with arbitrary $n \in {\mathbb Z}_{\ge 2}$ up to ${O((J/T)^{4})}$. If we fix a magnetic field to a certain value, we can calculate the HTE to much higher order. For example, the order up to ${O((J/T)^{42})}$ has been achieved in the case of ${P(3)}$ when ${h=0}$. We have compared these HTE results with the data by Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. They exhibit excellent agreements.
description: 4 pages, 5 eps figures
A short solution of the kissing number problem in dimension three
Creators: name: Glazyrin, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note, we give a short solution of the kissing number problem in dimension three.
description: 3 pages
Additional file 2 of evALLution: making basic evolution concepts accessible to people with visual impairment through a multisensory tree of life
Creators: name: Laurentino, Telma G.
name: Xavier, Marisa
name: Ronco, Fabrizia
name: Pina-Martins, Francisco
name: Domingues, Iolanda
name: Penha, Bruno
name: Dias, Marta
name: Sousa, Alexandra De
name: Carrilho, Tiago
name: Rodrigues, Leonor R.
name: Pinheiro, Carlota
name: Rato, Daniela
name: Balata, Duarte
name: Ayala-Botto, Gonçalo
name: Matos, Margarida
name: Campelo, Maria
name: Botelho, Rafael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Detailed photos of all branches in the MSToL.