cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Equilibrium forces on non-reciprocal materials
Creators: name: Gelbwaser-Klimovsky, David
name: Graham, Noah
name: Kardar, Mehran
name: Krüger, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss and analyze the properties of Casimir forces acting between nonreciprocal objects in thermal equilibrium. By starting from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and splitting the force into those arising from individual sources, we show that if all temperatures are equal, the resulting force is reciprocal and is derivable as the gradient of a Casimir (free) energy. While the expression for the free energy is identical to the one for reciprocal objects, there are several distinct features: To leading order in reflections, the free energy can be decomposed as the sum of two terms, the first corresponding to two reciprocal objects, and the second corresponding to two anti-reciprocal objects. The first term is negative and typically yields attraction, while the second can have either sign. For the case of two objects that are each other's mirror images, the second term is positive and yields repulsion. The sum of terms can lead to overall repulsive forces, in agreement with previous observations. Stable configurations, ruled out for reciprocal cases, appear possible for nonreciprocal objects. We show that for three objects, a three-body free energy exists, indicating that previously found persistent heat currents in situations of three objects cannot be used to produce persistent torques.
Avoiding Negative Probabilities in Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Nyambuya, Golden Gadzirayi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As currently understood since its discovery, the bare Klein-Gordon theory consists of negative quantum probabilities which are considered to be physically meaningless if not outright obsolete. Despite this annoying setback, these negative probabilities are what led the great Paul Dirac in 1928 to the esoteric discovery of the Dirac Equation. The Dirac Equation led to one of the greatest advances in our understanding of the physical world. In this reading, we ask the seemingly senseless question, "Do negative probabilities exist in quantum mechanics?" In an effort to answer this question, we arrive at the conclusion that depending on the choice one makes of the quantum probability current, one will obtain negative probabilities. We thus propose a new quantum probability current of the Klein-Gordon theory. This quantum probability current leads directly to positive definite quantum probabilities. Because these negative probabilities are in the bare Klein-Gordon theory, intrinsically a result of negative energies, the fact that we here arrive at a theory with positive probabilities, means that negative energy particles are not to be considered problematic as is the case in the bare Klein-Gordon theory. From an abstract-objective stand-point; in comparison with positive energy particles, the corollary is that negative energy particles should have equal chances to exist. As to why these negative energy particles do not exist, this is analogous to asking why is it that Dirac's antimatter does not exist in equal proportions with matter. This problem of why negative energy particles do not exist in equal proportions with positive energy particles is a problem that needs to be solved by a future theory.
description: Published: G. Nyambuya, "Avoiding Negative Probabilities in Quantum Mechanics," Journal of Modern Physics, Vol. 4 No. 8, 2013, pp. 1066-1074
Nanotrachia COSTULATA COSTULATA 2013, SSP. NOV.
Creators: name: Köhler, Frank
name: Criscione, Francesco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Camaenidae
Nanotrachia

description: NANOTRACHIA COSTULATA COSTULATA SSP. NOV. Holotype Australia, WA, EK, 12.3 km east of Spring Creek Station Homestead, east of Duncan Highway, low exposed hills with limestone cliffs of 2–3 m in height, Spinifex, few fig trees, under slabs in loose soil, 16°59′57″S, 128°58′34″E (coll. V. Kessner, 30 August 2009); dissected specimen (WAM S66302). Paratypes Same as holotype; 11 wet (WAM S49191), 11 dry (WAM S49073). Other material: Table 1. Etymology In reference to the shell sculpture of axial ribs, derived from 'costulatus' (Latin = exhibiting ribs), adjective of feminine gender. Description Shell (Figs 4D, 5E, F): Average in size; periphery shouldered, weakly keeled; spire weakly elevated; umbilicus open, wide, sometimes partly concealed by columellar reflection; protoconch and teleoconch with dense, pointed periostracal projections and fine axial growth lines; teleoconch with prominent, blunt, widely spaced axial ribs; apertural lip reflected, moderately expanded; horn. Genitalia (Fig. 7A, B): Epiphallus long, thick, tapering in thickness, length equivalent to 50–70% of penis; thick muscular fibres connecting distal portion of epiphallus to penial apex. Vas deferens entering penial sheath almost halfway up. Inner penial wall with up to four, mostly narrow, nearly straight longitudinal pilasters comprising entire length of penial wall. Vagina half as long as penis, half to twice as long as free oviduct. Comparative remarks Shell similar to N. intermedia both in size and shape, differing from N. carinata sp. nov., N. coronata sp. nov., and N. orientalis by less developed keel, and from N. levis sp. nov. by presence of axial ribs. Genitalia of N. carinata sp. nov., N. coronata sp. nov., and N. levis sp. nov. differ by having corrugated penial wall pilasters; N. intermedia has only one penial wall pilaster.
description: Published as part of Köhler, Frank & Criscione, Francesco, 2013, Small snails in a big place: a radiation in the semi-arid rangelands in northern Australia (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae, Nanotrachia gen. nov.), pp. 103-123 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 169 (1) on pages 120-121, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12051, http://zenodo.org/record/4890431
Mazama Rafinesque 1817
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Cervidae
Mazama

description: Mazama Rafinesque, 1817. Am. Mon. Mag., 1 (5):363. REVIEWED BY: P. Grubb (PG); K. R. Kranz (KRK). ISIS NUMBER: 5301419006012000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 322, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976
Optomechanical elastomeric engine
Creators: name: Knezevic, Milos
name: Warner, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nematic elastomers contract along their director when heated or illuminated (in the case of photoelastomers). We present a conceptual design for an elastomer-based engine to extract mechanical work from heat or light. The material parameters and the geometry of such an engine are explored, and it is shown that its efficiency can go up to 20%.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
On the Limiting Behaviour of Needlets Polyspectra
Creators: name: Cammarota, Valentina
name: Marinucci, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60G60, 62M15, 42C15

description: This paper provides quantitative Central Limit Theorems for nonlinear transforms of spherical random fields, in the high frequency limit. The sequences of fields that we consider are represented as smoothed averages of spherical Gaussian eigenfunctions and can be viewed as random coefficients from continuous wavelets/needlets; as such, they are of immediate interest for spherical data analysis. In particular, we focus on so-called needlets polyspectra, which are popular tools for nonGaussianity analysis in the astrophysical community, and on the area of excursion sets. Our results are based on Stein-Maliavin approximations for nonlinear transforms of Gaussian fields, and on an explicit derivation on the high-frequency limit of their variances, which may have some independent interest.
The effect of boundary adaptivity on hexagonal ordering and bistability in circularly confined quasi hard discs
Creators: name: Williams, Ian
name: Oğuz, Erdal C.
name: Jack, Robert L.
name: Bartlett, Paul
name: Löwen, Hartmut
name: Royall, C. Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behaviour of materials under spatial confinement is sensitively dependent on the nature of the confining boundaries. In two dimensions, confinement within a hard circular boundary inhibits the hexagonal ordering observed in bulk systems at high density. Using colloidal experiments and Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate two model systems of quasi hard discs under circularly symmetric confinement. The first system employs an adaptive circular boundary, defined experimentally using holographic optical tweezers. We show that deformation of this boundary allows, and indeed is required for, hexagonal ordering in the confined system. The second system employs a circularly symmetric optical potential to confine particles without a physical boundary. We show that, in the absence of a curved wall, near perfect hexagonal ordering is possible. We propose that the degree to which hexagonal ordering is suppressed by a curved boundary is determined by the `strictness' of that wall.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators
Creators: name: Hekker, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.
description: Invited review for Advances in Space Research
Unpacking the multimodal discourse demands of microscopy in a bioscience laboratory
Creators: name: Natashia Muna
name: Moragh Paxton
name: Frith, Vera
name: Merwe, Mathilde Van Der
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: To become scientifically literate, students must learn to proficiently utilise and fluently integrate a suite of specialised and contextualised multimodal literacy practices. While the frequency of explicit reading and writing instruction in the sciences is increasing, the wider range of multimodal practices are often not adequately addressed. We explored the multimodal literacy demands and challenges in a first-year biology microscopy practical, using a teaching case-study approach which included a task analysis, evaluation of student reports, and direct observations of students during the practical. The task analysis indicating a substantive level of component and coordinative complexity which required student to use six different literacy practices, and integrate three different modes, necessitating 12 mode switches. Student observations highlighted challenges with identifying cells under the microscope, while analysis of reports provided evidence of students’ difficulties with making estimations, producing biological drawings, and appropriately integrating quantitative and qualitative information into their drawings. Underpinning these challenges was the requirement to integrate multiple modes simultaneously. These findings should inform critical reflection on the teaching of multimodal literacy practices and the need to make these practices explicit to students and provide sufficient opportunity for them to develop individual modal fluency, prior to the requirement for multimodal integration.
Mazama americana
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Cervidae
Mazama
Mazama americana

description: Mazama americana (Erxleben, 1777). Syst. Regn. Anim., 1:324. REVIEWED BY: J. Ramirez-Pulido (JRP). TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Amazonia. DISTRIBUTION: S. Tamaulipas and Yucatan (Mexico) to S. Brazil, N. Argentina, S. Bolivia, and Paraguay; Trinidad; Tobago. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Guatemala) as M. a. cerasina subspecies only. ISIS NUMBER: 5301419006012001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 322, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976
TACOS: Topology-Aware Collective Algorithm Synthesizer for Distributed Machine Learning
Creators: name: Won, William
name: Elavazhagan, Midhilesh
name: Srinivasan, Sudarshan
name: Gupta, Swati
name: Krishna, Tushar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The surge of artificial intelligence, particularly large language models, has driven the rapid development of large-scale machine learning clusters. Executing distributed models on these clusters is often constrained by communication overhead, making efficient utilization of available network resources crucial. As a result, the routing algorithm employed for collective communications (i.e., collective algorithms) plays a pivotal role in determining overall performance. Unfortunately, existing collective communication libraries for distributed machine learning are limited by a fixed set of basic collective algorithms. This limitation hinders communication optimization, especially in modern clusters with heterogeneous and asymmetric topologies. Furthermore, manually designing collective algorithms for all possible combinations of network topologies and collective patterns requires heavy engineering and validation efforts. To address these challenges, this paper presents TACOS, an autonomous synthesizer capable of automatically generating topology-aware collective algorithms tailored to specific collective patterns and network topologies. TACOS is highly flexible, synthesizing an All-Reduce algorithm for a heterogeneous 128-NPU system in just 1.08 seconds, while achieving up to a 4.27x performance improvement over state-of-the-art synthesizers. Additionally, TACOS demonstrates better scalability with polynomial synthesis times, in contrast to NP-hard approaches which only scale to systems with tens of NPUs. TACOS can synthesize for 40K NPUs in just 2.52 hours.
description: Contains 12 main pages, 21 figures, 5 tables. Artifact appendix attached
ATHEENA: A Toolflow for Hardware Early-Exit Network Automation
Creators: name: Biggs, Benjamin
name: Bouganis, Christos-Savvas
name: Constantinides, George A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The continued need for improvements in accuracy, throughput, and efficiency of Deep Neural Networks has resulted in a multitude of methods that make the most of custom architectures on FPGAs. These include the creation of hand-crafted networks and the use of quantization and pruning to reduce extraneous network parameters. However, with the potential of static solutions already well exploited, we propose to shift the focus to using the varying difficulty of individual data samples to further improve efficiency and reduce average compute for classification. Input-dependent computation allows for the network to make runtime decisions to finish a task early if the result meets a confidence threshold. Early-Exit network architectures have become an increasingly popular way to implement such behaviour in software.
 We create: A Toolflow for Hardware Early-Exit Network Automation (ATHEENA), an automated FPGA toolflow that leverages the probability of samples exiting early from such networks to scale the resources allocated to different sections of the network. The toolflow uses the data-flow model of fpgaConvNet, extended to support Early-Exit networks as well as Design Space Exploration to optimize the generated streaming architecture hardware with the goal of increasing throughput/reducing area while maintaining accuracy. Experimental results on three different networks demonstrate a throughput increase of $2.00\times$ to $2.78\times$ compared to an optimized baseline network implementation with no early exits. Additionally, the toolflow can achieve a throughput matching the same baseline with as low as $46\%$ of the resources the baseline requires.
Mazama chunyi
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Cervidae
Mazama
Mazama chunyi

description: Mazama chunyi (Hershkovitz, 1959). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 72:45. TYPE LOCALITY: Bolivia, La Paz, Cocopunco, 3200 m. DISTRIBUTION: Bolivian Andes; S. Peru. COMMENT: Prior to 1959 this species was known as Pudu mephistophiles (De Winton, 1896); see comment under that species.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 322, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976
Self-assembling tensor networks and holography in disordered spin chains
Creators: name: Goldsborough, Andrew M.
name: Römer, Rudolf A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the numerical strong disorder renormalization group algorithm (SDRG) of Hikihara et. al. [Phys. Rev. B 60, 12116 (1999)] for the one-dimensional disordered Heisenberg model naturally describes a tree tensor network (TTN) with an irregular structure defined by the strength of the couplings. Employing the holographic interpretation of the TTN in Hilbert space, we compute expectation values, correlation functions and the entanglement entropy using the geometrical properties of the TTN. We find that the disorder averaged spin-spin correlation scales with the average path length through the tensor network while the entanglement entropy scales with the minimal surface connecting two regions. Furthermore, the entanglement entropy increases with both disorder and system size, resulting in an area-law violation. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of a self-assembling TTN approach to disordered systems and quantitatively validate the connection between holography and quantum many-body systems.
description: 12 pages, 17 figures
Localization by particle-hole symmetry breaking: a loop expansion
Creators: name: Ziegler, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Localization by a broken particle-hole symmetry in a random system of non-interacting quantum particles is studied on a $d$--dimensional lattice. Our approach is based on a chiral symmetry argument and the corresponding invariant measure, where the latter is described by a Grassmann functional integral. Within a loop expansion we find for small loops diffusion in the case of particle-hole symmetry. Breaking the particle-hole symmetry results in the creation of random dimers, which suppress diffusion and lead to localization on the scale $\sqrt{D/|μ|}$, where $D$ is the effective diffusion coefficient at particle-hole symmetry and $μ$ is the parameter related to particle-hole symmetry breaking.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Founding Myths
Creators: name: Stalder, Laurent
name: Avermaete, Tom
name: Delbeke, Maarten
name: Heinze-Greenberg, Ita
name: Ursprung, Philip
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2019
Subjects: gta
ETH Zürich
ETH Zurich
Institutions
History and Theory of Architecture

description: gta Papers, 3
description: ISSN:2504-2068
description: ISBN:978-3-85676-400-5
description: ISBN:978-3-85676-441-8
Mazama gouazoubira
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Cervidae
Mazama
Mazama gouazoubira

description: Mazama gouazoubira (G. Fischer, 1814). Zoognosia, 3: 465. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Amazonia. DISTRIBUTION: Colombia; Venezuela; Guianas; Brazil; Bolivia; Paraguay; Uruguay; N. Argentina; Peru; Ecuador; Mexiana Isl. (Brazil); San Jose Isl. (Panama). ISIS NUMBER: 5301419006012003001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 322, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976
Revisiting evolution equations for generalised parton distributions
Creators: name: Bertone, Valerio
name: Dutrieux, Hervé
name: Mezrag, Cédric
name: Morgado, José M.
name: Moutarde, Hervé
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the evolution of generalised parton distributions (GPDs) in momentum space. We formulate the evolution kernels at one-loop in perturbative QCD (pQCD) in a form suitable for numerical implementation and that allows for an accurate study of their properties. This leads to the first open-source implementation of GPD evolution equations able to cover the entire kinematic region and allowing for heavy-quark-threshold crossings. The numerical implementation of the GPD evolution equations is publicly accessible through the APFEL++ evolution library and is available within the PARTONS framework. Our formulation makes use of the operator definition of GPDs in light-cone gauge renormalised in the $\overline{\mbox{MS}}$ scheme. For the sake of clarity, we recompute the evolution kernels at one-loop in pQCD, confirming previous calculations. We obtain general conditions on the evolution kernels deriving from the GPD sum rules and show that our formulation obeys these conditions. We analytically show that our calculation reproduces the DGLAP and the ERBL equations in the appropriate limits and that it guarantees the continuity of GPDs. We numerically check that the evolved GPDs fulfil DGLAP and ERBL limits, continuity, and polynomiality. We benchmark our numerical implementation against analytical evolution in conformal space. Finally, we perform a numerical comparison to an existing implementation of GPD evolution finding a general good agreement on the kinematic region accessible to the latter. This work provides a pedagogical description of GPD evolution equations which benefits from a renewed interest as future colliders, such as the electron-ion colliders in the US and in China, are being designed. It also paves the way to the extension of GPD evolution codes to higher accuracies in pQCD desirable for precision phenomenology at these facilities.
description: Version of the paper published in EPJC
Inducing oscillations of trapped particles in a near-critical Gaussian field
Creators: name: Venturelli, Davide
name: Gambassi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of two particles confined in two spatially separated harmonic potentials and linearly coupled to the same thermally fluctuating scalar field, a cartoon for optically trapped colloids in contact with a medium close to a continuous phase transition. When an external periodic driving is applied to one of these particles, a nonequilibrium periodic state is eventually reached in which their motion synchronizes thanks to the field-mediated effective interaction, a phenomenon already observed in experiments. We fully characterize the nonlinear response of the second particle as a function of the driving frequency, and in particular far from the adiabatic regime in which the field can be assumed to relax instantaneously. We compare the perturbative, analytic solution to its adiabatic approximation, thus determining the limits of validity of the latter, and we qualitatively test our predictions against numerical simulations.
description: 33 pages, 13 figures
Theoretical analysis of supercontinuum and colored conical emission produced during ultrashort laser pulse interaction with gases
Creators: name: Semak, V. V.
name: Shneider, M. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a conceptually new approach to theoretical modeling of self-focusing in which we integrated diffractive and geometrical optics in order to explain and predict emission of white light and colored rings observed in ultrashort laser pulse interaction. In our approach laser beam propagation is described by blending solution of linear Maxwell's equation and a correction term that represents nonlinear field perturbation expressed in terms of paraxial ray-optics (eikonal) equation. No attempt is made to create appearance of exhaustive treatment via use of complex mathematical models. Rather, emphasis is placed on elegance of the formulations leading to fundamental understanding of underlying physics and, eventually, to an accurate practical numerical model capable of simulating white light generation and conical emission of colored rings produced around the filament.
The Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud: A comprehensive analysis of the WN class
Creators: name: Hainich, R.
name: Rühling, U.
name: Todt, H.
name: Oskinova, L. M.
name: Liermann, A.
name: Gräfener, G.
name: Foellmi, C.
name: Schnurr, O.
name: Hamann, W. -R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: Following our comprehensive studies of the WR stars in the Milky Way, we now present spectroscopic analyses of almost all known WN stars in the LMC. Methods: For the quantitative analysis of the wind-dominated emission-line spectra, we employ the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmosphere code. By fitting synthetic spectra to the observed spectral energy distribution and the available spectra (ultraviolet and optical), we obtain the physical properties of 107 stars. Results: We present the fundamental stellar and wind parameters for an almost complete sample of WN stars in the LMC. Among those stars that are putatively single, two different groups can be clearly distinguished. While 12% of our sample are more luminous than 10^6 Lsun and contain a significant amount of hydrogen, 88% of the WN stars, with little or no hydrogen, populate the luminosity range between log (L/Lsun) = 5.3...5.8. Conclusions: While the few extremely luminous stars (log (L/Lsun) > 6), if indeed single stars, descended directly from the main sequence at very high initial masses, the bulk of WN stars have gone through the red-supergiant phase. According to their luminosities in the range of log (L/Lsun) = 5.3...5.8, these stars originate from initial masses between 20 and 40 Msun. This mass range is similar to the one found in the Galaxy, i.e. the expected metallicity dependence of the evolution is not seen. Current stellar evolution tracks, even when accounting for rotationally induced mixing, still partly fail to reproduce the observed ranges of luminosities and initial masses. Moreover, stellar radii are generally larger and effective temperatures correspondingly lower than predicted from stellar evolution models, probably due to subphotospheric inflation.
description: 17+46 pages; 10+54 figures; v2: typos corrected, space-saving layout for appendix C, published in A&A
Chirality-Induced Magnetization of Magnetite by an RNA Precursor
Creators: name: Ozturk, S. Furkan
name: Bhowmick, Deb Kumar
name: Kapon, Yael
name: Sang, Yutao
name: Kumar, Anil
name: Paltiel, Yossi
name: Naaman, Ron
name: Sasselov, Dimitar D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Life is homochiral and homochirality is a fundamental feature of living systems on Earth. While the exact mechanism that led to homochirality is still not fully understood, any realistic scenario on the origins of life needs to address the emergence of homochirality. In order to impose and maintain chirality in a prebiotic network, an environmental factor functioning as a chiral agent is demanded. Magnetized surfaces are prebiotically plausible chiral agents, shown to be effective in enantioseparation of ribose-aminooxazoline (RAO), a ribonucleic acid (RNA) precursor, due to the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. As such, mechanisms for breaking the magnetic symmetry of magnetic minerals are of the utmost importance. Here we report the avalanche magnetization of magnetite $(Fe_{3}O_{4})$ by the crystallization of enantiopure RAO. The observed breaking of the magnetic symmetry is induced by the chiral molecules due to the CISS effect and spreads out across the magnetic surface like an avalanche, providing a way to uniformly magnetize a magnetic surface without fully covering it. Considered together with our previous results on enantioseparation by crystallization on a magnetic surface, chirality-induced avalanche magnetization paves the way for a cooperative feedback between chiral molecules and magnetic surfaces. With this feedback, a weak natural bias in the net magnetization can be amplified and spin-selective processes can be accommodated on magnetic minerals on a persistent basis.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
The minimal length is physical
Creators: name: Bosso, Pasquale
name: Petruzziello, Luciano
name: Wagner, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we clarify a foundational loose end affecting the phenomenological approach to quantum gravity centered around the generalization of Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This misconception stems from a series of recently published works in which perturbative and non-perturbative methods are confused, thereby resulting in a blurring of the distinction between changes in the deformed algebra and changes in the representation of operators. Accordingly, this reasoning would render the existence of a minimal length representation-dependent, and thus unphysical.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Networks, Dynamics, Algorithms, and Learning
Creators: name: Wattenhofer, Roger
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Graph
Neural
Networks

description: Networks are notoriously difficult to understand, and adding dynamics does not help. Can the current wonder weapon of computation (yes, machine learning) come to the rescue? Unfortunately, learning with networks is generally not well understood. "Neural network networks" (better and less confusingly known as graph neural networks) can learn simple graph patterns, but they are a far cry from their impressive machine learning cousins in the image- or the game-domain. In my opinion, the most astonishing graph neural networks are in fact dealing with dynamic networks: They simulate sand (the granular material, not the symposium) quite naturally. In my talk, I will discuss and compare different computational objects and paradigms: networks, dynamics, algorithms, and learning. What are the differences? And what can they learn from each other? In the technical part of the talk, I will present DropGNN, our new algorithm-inspired approach for handling graph neural networks. But mostly I will vent about misunderstandings and mistakes, and I will propose open questions, and new research directions. DropGNN is joint work with Pál András Papp, Karolis Martinkus, and Lukas Faber, published at NeurIPS, December 2021.
description: Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), 221
description: ISSN:1868-8969
description: 1st Symposium on Algorithmic Foundations of Dynamic Networks (SAND 2022)
description: ISBN:978-3-95977-224-2
Mazama rufina
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Cervidae
Mazama
Mazama rufina

description: Mazama rufina (Bourcier and Pucheran, 1852). Rev. Zool., p. 561. TYPE LOCALITY: Ecuador, Pichincha, Pichincha Mts., Lloa valley. DISTRIBUTION: W. Venezuela; perhaps adjacent Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; N. Bolivia; S.E. Brazil; N.E. Argentina; E. Paraguay. COMMENT: Includes bricenii and nana (Hensel, 1872) (not nana Lesson, 1842, or nana Lund, 1839, which Cabrera, 1961:341-342, regarded as nomina nuda); see Cabrera, 1961:341; Haltenorth, 1963:48. ISIS NUMBER: 5301419006012002001 as M. bricenii. 5301419006012004001 as M. nana.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on pages 322-323, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976
description: {"references": ["Haltenorth, T. 1963. Klassifikation der Saugetiere: Artiodactyla I. Handbuch der Zoologie, 8 (32): 1 - 167."]}
Environmental Change and Migration Aspirations: Evidence from Bangladesh
Creators: name: Koubi, Vally
name: Freihardt, Jan
name: Rudolph, Lukas
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Climate change
Flood
Riverbank erosion
Environmental perceptions
Migration aspirations
Survey
Bangladesh

description: The argument that environmental change is an important driving force of migration has experienced a strong revival in the climate change context. We examine whether and how different environmental stressors aspire people to move. The analysis relies on newly collected, cross-sectional survey data of 1594 households residing in 36 villages along the 250 kilometers of the Jamuna River in Bangladesh – an area affected primarily by floods and riverbank erosion. The results show that long-term environmental events, i.e., riverbank erosion, increase aspirations for internal, permanent migration, while short-term environmental events, i.e., floods, do not affect migration aspirations. These results suggest that depending on the type of environmental change, people might prefer migrating rather than staying put and thus, they entail important policy implications regarding the effects of climate change on future internal migration flows.
description: SocArXiv
Measurement of Forward Jets at RHIC
Creators: name: Bland, L. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present first measurements of forward jet production from p(pol)+p collisons at \sqrt{s}=500 GeV, including transverse single spin asymmetries. These asymmetries are expected to be sensitive to spin-correlated transverse momentum in the initial state, which is particularly interesting because it is related to orbital angular momentum in the proton.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the QCD Evolution Workshop (QCD2013), Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA, 6-10 May 2013
Panel Discussion: Research Libraries & COVID-19 - Impact & Plans for the Future
Creators: name: Verheusen, Astrid
name: Pahinis, Stella
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: In October 2020, LIBER launched a survey on ‘The State of Research Libraries During COVID-19: How Can LIBER Support You?’ The survey is set to map and assess the impact of COVID-19 on research libraries throughout Europe thus far, as well as to help libraries prepare for the challenging months ahead. Our survey was aimed at addressing the overall effects COVID-19 had on libraries so far. It also aims to outline the current situation within European research libraries as far as maintaining and building library services is concerned. Moreover, the survey is a crucial tool to help ascertain LIBER’s role in supporting its network through times of crisis. LIBER’s Executive Director, Astrid Verheusen, will present the main findings of the survey results as part of an introduction to a panel discussion on the topic. During the panel discussion we will explore and further investigate the key takeaways of the survey by bringing together leaders and experts from within and outside our network. As we move towards a post-pandemic reconstruction of the library and scholarly information landscape, we believe that collaboration across the European library network will crucial. This will help us share collective expertise and allow libraries from across the entire LIBER community to play their part in helping with the necessary work of social and educational reconstruction. This discussion is open to anyone interested in finding out how European research libraries responded to COVID-19 and how to effectively plan for the future through collaborative measures. The Panel Moderator:  Hilde van Wijngaarden, LIBER Treasurer, Director University Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Panellists: Jeannette Frey, LIBER President, Director of Bibliothèque Cantonale et Universitaire (BCU) Lausanne Matt Greenhall, Deputy Executive Director, RLUK Mary Lee Kennedy, Executive Director, Association of Research Libraries (ARL) Martine Pronk, Division Manager, Academic Services, University of Utrecht Library Giannis Tsakonas, Director, Library & Information Center, University of Patras
Spin-density, charge- and bond-disproportionation wave instability in hole-doped infinite-layer $R$NiO$_2$
Creators: name: Slobodchikov, K. G.
name: Leonov, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using \emph{ab initio} band structure methods and DFT+dynamical mean-field theory approach we explore the possible formation of spin and charge stripes in the Ni-O plane of hole-doped infinite-layer nickelates, $R$NiO$_2$. Our results reveal a remarkable instability of the $C$-type $(110)$ spin state with undistorted lattice towards the formation of the spin-density, charge- and bond-disproportionation stripe phases accompanied by in-plane``breathing''-like distortions of the crystal structure. Our work gives a comprehensive picture of competing charge and spin stripe states, with possible frustration of different stripe patterns upon doping. It suggests that the spin and charge stripe state likely arises from strong magnetic correlations (with concomitant lattice distortions), which play a key role for understanding the anomalous properties of hole-doped layered nickelates.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
An exponential Wagner-Platen type scheme for SPDEs
Creators: name: Becker, Sebastian
name: Jentzen, Arnulf
name: Kloeden, Peter E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C30, 60H35, 60H15, 35R60

description: The strong numerical approximation of semilinear stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) driven by infinite dimensional Wiener processes is investigated. There are a number of results in the literature that show that Euler-type approximation methods converge strongly, under suitable assumptions, to the exact solutions of such SPDEs with strong order 1/2 or at least with strong order 1/2 - epsilon where epsilon > 0 is arbitrarily small. Recent results extend these results and show that Milstein-type approximation methods converge, under suitable assumptions, to the exact solutions of such SPDEs with strong order 1 - epsilon. It has also been shown that splitting-up approximation methods converge, under suitable assumptions, with strong order 1 to the exact solutions of such SPDEs. In this article an exponential Wagner-Platen type numerical approximation method for such SPDEs is proposed and shown to converge, under suitable assumptions, with strong order 3/2 - epsilon to the exact solutions of such SPDEs.
The Urban Murals of the Zürich Housing Commons: Sites of Collective Identity, Memory and Political Activism
Creators: name: Can, Luca Okay
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: ARCHITEKTURGESCHICHTE
Urban design
Commons
Public Space
Public art
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/710
Civic & landscape art

description: This research aims to map the trajectory of the ‘urban mural’ – a work of art on the façade of a building in an urban context – as a vehicle for non-profit housing actors to envision and represent common identities in the city of Zürich throughout the 20th century. By looking at the history of the urban mural in Zürich, the complex interplay and ideological undercurrents of different actors in the construction of non-profit housing for the urban population can be studied. These actors include the city government, building cooperatives and squatters, all considered to be part of the ‘Zürich Housing Commons’. It is examined how these actors made continous use of urban murals to beautify and enrich their living environment, to express and communicate collective identities, to strengthen narratives of collective histories, but also to give voice to political and counter- cultural activism. Beginning with a chapter on the history and context of the urban mural in the 20th century, this book then presents a catalgoue of urban murals, to collect and document the century- long tradition present in still today in Zürich. Through photography and architectural drawings, a visual inventory of the Urban Mural is created, making possible an overview of the evolution of this praxis through the 20th century. Throughout the book, this research will argue for the value that the urban mural, both as historic artifact and contemporary praxis, may still hold in today’s built environment.
Moment-based Density Elicitation with Applications in Probabilistic Loops
Creators: name: Kofnov, Andrey
name: Bartocci, Ezio
name: Bura, Efstathia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: G.3; I.1.1
subject: 62G07, 60E05 (Primary) 60B10 (Secondary)

description: We propose the K-series estimation approach for the recovery of unknown univariate and multivariate distributions given knowledge of a finite number of their moments. Our method is directly applicable to the probabilistic analysis of systems that can be represented as probabilistic loops; i.e., algorithms that express and implement non-deterministic processes ranging from robotics to macroeconomics and biology to software and cyber-physical systems. K-series statically approximates the joint and marginal distributions of a vector of continuous random variables updated in a probabilistic non-nested loop with nonlinear assignments given a finite number of moments of the unknown density. Moreover, K-series automatically derives the distribution of the systems' random variables symbolically as a function of the loop iteration. K-series density estimates are accurate, easy and fast to compute. We demonstrate the feasibility and performance of our approach on multiple benchmark examples from the literature.
description: Accepted for publication in ACM Transactions on Probabilistic Machine Learning, 37 page
Mpemba-like effect protocol for granular gases of inelastic and rough hard disks
Creators: name: Megías, Alberto
name: Santos, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the conditions under which a Mpemba-like effect emerges in granular gases of inelastic and rough hard disks driven by a class of thermostats characterized by the splitting of the noise intensity into translational and rotational counterparts. Thus, granular particles are affected by a stochastic force and a stochastic torque, which inject translational and rotational energy, respectively. We realize that a certain choice of a thermostat of this class can be characterized just by the total intensity and the fraction of noise transferred to the rotational degree of freedom with respect to the translational ones. Firstly, Mpemba effect is characterized by the appearance of a crossing between the temperature curves of the considered samples. Later, an overshoot of the temperature evolution with respect to the steady-state value is observed and the mechanism of Mpemba effect generation is changed. The election of parameters allows to design plausible protocols based on these thermostats for generating the initial states to observe the Mpemba-like effect in experiments. In order to obtain explicit results, we use a well-founded Maxwellian approximation for the evolution dynamics and the steady-state quantities. Finally, theoretical results are compared with direct simulation Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics results, and a very good agreement is found.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures; v2: minor changes in figures, references, and main text. Published in the Research Topic of Frontiers in Physics "Active and Externally Driven Granular Materials"
Moschus Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Cervidae
Moschus

description: Moschus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10 th ed., 1:66. REVIEWED BY: P. Grubb (PG). COMMENT: Included in family Moschidae by Flerov, 1952, [Musk deer and deer], Akad. Nauk, Moscow, 225 pp.; tentatively followed by Corbet, 1978:198. Here regarded as a subfamily of Cervidae, as revised by Groves, 1975, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 72:662-682. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Moschus spp. ISIS NUMBER: 5301419006001000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 323, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976