cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Numerical Methods in Seismic Wave Propagation
Creators: name: McDonald, Matt
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Modelling
subject: Waves
subject: Finite-Elements
subject: Elasticity
subject: Acoustics
subject: Viscoelasticity
subject: Numerical

description: The numerical modelling of wave equations is a common theme in many seismic applications, and is an important tool in understanding how the physical systems of interest react in the process of a seismic experiment. In this thesis we apply state-of-the-art numerical methods based on domain-decomposition combined with local pseudospectral spatial discretization, to three physically realistic models of seismic waves, namely their propagation in acoustic, elastic, and viscoelastic media. The Galerkin formulation solves the weak form of the partial differential equation representing wave propagation and naturally includes boundary integral terms to represent free surface, rigid, and absorbing boundary effects. Stability, accuracy, and computation issues are discussed in this context along with direct comparison with finite difference methodologies. This works is an effort to bridge the gap between the development of accurate physical models to represent the real world, as seen in seismic modelling, and the implementation of modern numerical techniques for the accurate solutions of partial differential equations.
On Absence of 3-loop Divergence in N=4 Supergravity
Creators: name: Kallosh, Renata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that N=4 supergravity is 3-loop UV finite because the relevant supersymmetric candidate counterterm is known to be SL(2, R)x SO(6) invariant, which violates the Noether-Gaillard-Zumino current conservation. Analogous arguments, based on the universality properties of groups of type E7, also apply to N=5,6,8 in 4,5,7 loops, respectively, since the 1/N BPS invariants break duality symmetry between Bianchi identities and quantum corrected vector field equations.
description: 5 pages
Multi-model-based Access Control in Construction Projects
Creators: name: Hilbert, Frank
name: Scherer, Raimar J.
name: Araujo, Larissa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.3

description: During the execution of large scale construction projects performed by Virtual Organizations (VO), relatively complex technical models have to be exchanged between the VO members. For linking the trade and transfer of these models, a so-called multi-model container format was developed. Considering the different skills and tasks of the involved partners, it is not necessary for them to know all the models in every technical detailing. Furthermore, the model size can lead to a delay in communication. In this paper an approach is presented for defining model cut-outs according to the current project context. Dynamic dependencies to the project context as well as static dependencies on the organizational structure are mapped in a context-sensitive rule. As a result, an approach for dynamic filtering of multi-models is obtained which ensures, together with a filtering service, that the involved VO members get a simplified view of complex multi-models as well as sufficient permissions depending on their tasks.
description: In Proceedings FAVO 2011, arXiv:1204.5796
Detection, quantification and biological control of post-harvest pathogens of pome fruit
Creators: name: Mantyka, Daylin Lindsay
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Blue mold (Penicillium expansum), grey mold (Botrytis cinerea) and mucor rot (Mucor piriformis) are important post-harvest diseases of pome fruit in British Columbia and throughout the world causing annual losses of 5 – 20%. Identification and quantification using novel DNA macroarray technology may assist in the development of prediction models and disease forecasting. Post-harvest pathogens were monitored and quantified throughout the growing season in four apple orchards in the Okanagan Valley, BC in 2007 and 2008. Their detection was variable due to field and year differences. The average percent detection of P. expansum (27.4%) and M. piriformis (19.2%) was higher than that of B. cinerea (6.2%). There was a positive correlation between total post-harvest pathogen detection in aerial samples just prior to harvest and after harvest in naturally infected fruit (r = 0.74; p = 0.09). Pseudomonas fluorescens (isolates 1-112, 2- 28, 4-6) and Serratia plymuthica (isolate 6-25), isolated from the rhizosphere of legumes, were investigated for their biological control capabilities in semi-commercial storage conditions at 1°C in air and commercial storage conditions in controlled atmosphere and with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application. Overall, isolate 6-25 provided control in the greatest number of treatments (51.7%) while isolate 1-112 provided the greatest level of control (75.8%) in treatments where significant control was exhibited. Isolate 4- 6 was tagged with green fluorescent protein to gain insight into bacterial antagonist population and survival dynamics. Alone, its population increased 10 fold after 30 d in storage at 1°C and then decreased to concentrations similar to those at inoculation. In the presence of the pathogen, 4-6-gfp increased then decreased after 30 d in storage at 1°C to undetectable amounts. These data provide greater insight into the prediction, control and population dynamics of pathogens and biological control agents as a means of preventing and controlling post-harvest storage diseases in pome fruit.
Discovery of the Youngest Molecular Outflow associated with an Intermediate-mass protostellar Core, MMS-6/OMC-3
Creators: name: Takahashi, Satoko
name: Ho, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present sub-arcsecond resolution HCN (4-3) and CO (3-2) observations made with the Submillimeter Array (SMA), toward an extremely young intermediate-mass protostellar core, MMS 6-main, located in the Orion Molecular Cloud 3 region (OMC-3). We have successfully imaged a compact molecular outflow lobe (~1500 AU) associated with MMS6-main, which is also the smallest molecular outflow ever found in the intermediate-mass protostellar cores. The dynamical time scale of this outflow is estimated to be <100 yr. The line width dramatically increases downstream at the end of the molecular outflow (Δv~25 km s^{-1}), and clearly shows the bow-shock type velocity structure. The estimated outflow mass (~10^{-4} M_{sun}) and outflow size are approximately 2-4 orders and 1-3 orders of magnitude smaller, while the outflow force (~10^{-4} M_{sun} km s^{-1} yr^{-1}) is similar, as compared to the other molecular outflows studied in OMC-2/3. These results show that MMS 6-main is a protostellar core at the earliest evolutionary stage, most likely shortly after the 2nd core formation.
description: Accepted to ApJL
Additional file 1 of Comparing mixed oil to soybean oil lipid emulsion in patients on home parenteral nutrition: a pilot prospective double-blind, crossover, randomized trial
Creators: name: Clermont-Dejean, Nayima M.
name: Schwenger, Katherine J. P.
name: Arca, Celeste
name: Somlaw, Nicha
name: Alhanaee, Amnah
name: Hortencio, Taís Daiene Russo
name: Jin, Jennifer
name: Jung, Hyejung
name: Lou, Wendy
name: Ma, David
name: Allard, Johane P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline characteristics (Intention-to-treat population: all patients randomized in the study). Table S2. Effects of sequence, period, treatment, and liver enzymes on the ω-6:ω-3 ratio (PP population): ANCOVA model for repeated measures with sequence, period, treatment and liver enzyme as fixed effects, and patient as a random effect. Table S3. Sensitivity Analysis with Intention to Treat Population.
Hubble Space Telescope FUV Spectra of the Post-Common-Envelope Hyades Binary V471 Tauri
Creators: name: Sion, E. M.
name: Bond, H. E.
name: Lindler, D.
name: Godon, P.
name: Wickramasinghe, D.
name: Ferrario, L.
name: Dupuis, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out an analysis of the HST STIS archival spectra of the magnetic white dwarf in the Hyades eclipsing-spectroscopic, post-common envelope binary V471 Tauri, time resolved on the orbit and on the X-ray rotational phase of the magnetic white dwarf. An HST STIS spectrum obtained during primary eclipse reveals a host of transition region/chromospheric emission features including N V (1238, 1242), Si IV (1393, 1402), C IV (1548, 1550) and He II (1640). The spectroscopic characteristics and emission line fluxes of the transition region/chromosphere of the very active, rapidly rotating, K2V component of V471 Tauri, are compared with the emission characteristics of fast rotating K dwarfs in young open clusters. We have detected a number of absorption features associated with metals accreted onto the photosphere of the magnetic white dwarf from which we derive radial velocities. All of the absorption features are modulated on the 555s rotation period of the white dwarf with maximum line strength at rotational phase 0.0 when the primary magnetic accretion region is facing the observer. The photospheric absorption features show no clear evidence of Zeeman splitting and no evidence of a correlation between their variations in strength and orbital phase. We report clear evidence of a secondary accretion pole. We derive C and Si abundances from the Si IV and C III features. All other absorption lines are either interstellar or associated with a region above the white dwarf and/or with coronal mass ejection events illuminated as they pass in front of the white dwarf.
description: The Astrophysical Journal, May 10, 2012 issue - 16 figures
Geology of the Cardium Formation along the western halo of conventional oil reservoirs of the Pembina field, Alberta, Canada
Creators: name: Rojas Aldana, Camilo Andrés
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Geography
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology
subject: Geophysics
subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Engineering--Petroleum
subject: Geotechnology
subject: Pembina
subject: Snowbird Tectonic Zone
subject: Gas to oil ratio
subject: Permeability

description: Cardium Fm. wells are - at present - drilled in reservoirs around legacy areas of oil fields. However, studies summarizing the geological characteristics of such reservoirs are scarce. A central issue is that as fields expand elemental parameters of the formation become unpredictable. As a contribution to solve this problem, “Cardium A” intervals at the halo (Brazeau T44-47R9-12W5) of the Pembina field are explored to reveal successions that clean upwards to very-fine grained litharenites and bioturbated wackes with abundant deformation features. Permeability (PDPK) and porosity measurements reveal that reservoirs are not uniformly tight but consist of mixtures of conventional (>0.01mD) and unconventional (<0.01mD) zones. Petrological and geochemical (XRD, XRF, SEM, BSE, EDX, and CL) studies suggest that resource recovery may be affected by the presence of swelling clays (smectite, mixed-layer illite/smectite, illite, chlorite, sericite, and kaolinite). Nonetheless, a practical method - based on production data- is presented to assess exploration risk and to expose the areal distribution of high gas-to-oil ratios.
Suffragettes for Caesareans: "Every woman should have a choice"
Creators: name: Imanoff, Julia
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: caesarean
subject: choice
subject: elective
subject: request
subject: social trend

description: Patient choice for caesarean delivery (CD) is complex. This choice poses a challenge to maternity Health Care Providers (HCPs) in terms of resource allocation, economics, and surgical risks. Yet, women’s understanding of choice is poorly understood. This study answers the question: how HCPs might understand women’s choice for CD? Four primiparous women who chose a CD were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were used to generate data. The interpretation followed a hermeneutic approach. The interpretations emphasized the complexities of choice, HCPs’ role in birth experiences, and how the woman in this study understood vaginal deliveries as risky and unpredictable and caesarean deliveries as safe and controlled. These findings question how HCP’s understandings of choice can shape patient care. HCPs have the opportunity to recognize the meaning of the choice for each woman and how it is situated in a broader historical context, and how they can promote positive birth experiences in their practice.
A New Time-Dependent Finite Difference Method for Relativistic Shock Acceleration
Creators: name: Delaney, Sean
name: Dempsey, Paul
name: Duffy, Peter
name: Downes, Turlough P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new approach to calculate the particle distribution function about relativistic shocks including synchrotron losses using the method of lines with an explicit finite difference scheme. A steady, continuous, one dimensional plasma flow is considered to model thick (modified) shocks, leading to a calculation in three dimensions plus time, the former three being momentum, pitch angle and position. The method accurately reproduces the expected power law behaviour in momentum at the shock for upstream flow speeds ranging from 0.1c to 0.995c (1 < Γ< 10). It also reproduces approximate analytical results for the synchrotron cutoff shape for a non-relativistic shock, demonstrating that the loss process is accurately represented. The algorithm has been implemented as a hybrid OpenMP--MPI parallel algorithm to make efficient use of SMP cluster architectures and scales well up to many hundreds of CPUs.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Nonlinear dynamics of mathematical models and proposed implementations in ultracold atoms
Creators: name: Lau, Hon Wai
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics--Atomic
subject: Physics--Theory
subject: Nonlinear dynamics
subject: Mathematical modelling
subject: Ultracold atoms
subject: Bose Einstein Condensates
subject: Chimera patterns
subject: Schrödinger cat states
subject: Numerical simulations
subject: Experimental proposals
subject: Nonlocal hopping

description: Nonlinear effects are ubiquitous in nature. Many interesting phenomena are described by differential equations that are nonlinear. Even richer dynamics can be observed with additional long-range spatial coupling. For example, an interesting type of pattern discovered recently can form in systems with nonlocal coupling. The pattern, called chimera states, is composed of both phase coherent and incoherent regions coexisting in the same system. Through numerical studies of oscillatory media with nonlocal diffusive coupling, I show here for the first time that stable chimera knot structures can exist in 3D. Knots were not previously known to be stable in oscillatory media, nor were such non-trivial chimera patterns known to exist in 3D. To realize different nonlinear phenomena in a controlled way in experiments, a flexible physical system is required. Ultracold atomic systems, specifically, Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), are good candidates because of the high controllability of almost all parameters, including the nonlinearity, in real time. Hence, experimental studies can be carried out for a variety physical systems, including many classical and quantum field equations. In particular, in this thesis I study a setup of BECs with a third-order Kerr nonlinearity to generate Schr\"odinger cat states, which have applications in quantum metrology. I showed that cat states involving hundreds of atoms should be realizable in BECs. This requires careful optimization of the experimental parameters and analysis of the atom loss. Inspired by the previous two projects, it is an interesting question if chimera states can exist in BECs. By analyzing the underlying mechanism of the effective nonlocal diffusive coupling, I establish here a new analogous mechanism to achieve mediated nonlocal spatial hopping for particles in BECs with two interconvertible states. By adiabatically eliminating the fast mediating channel, I obtain the mean-field of Bose-Hubbard model with fully tunable hopping strength, hopping range, and nonlinearity. This is the first known conservative system exhibiting chimera patterns. More importantly, I show that the model should be implementable in BECs with current technology.
Negative conductivity and anomalous screening in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to microwave radiation
Creators: name: Dorozhkin, S. I.
name: Dmitriev, I. A.
name: Mirlin, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 2D electron system in a quantized magnetic field can be driven by microwave radiation into a non-equilibrium state with strong magnetooscillations of the dissipative conductivity. We demonstrate that in such system a negative conductivity can coexist with a positive diffusion coefficient. In a finite system, solution of coupled electrostatic and linear transport problems shows that the diffusion can stabilize a state with negative conductivity. Specifically, this happens when the system size is smaller than the absolute value of the non-equilibrium screening length that diverges at the point where the conductivity changes sign. We predict that a negative resistance can be measured in such a state. Further, for a non-zero difference between the work functions of two contacts, we explore the distribution of the electrostatic potential and of the electron density in the sample. We show that in the diffusion-stabilized regime of negative conductivity the system splits into two regions with opposite directions of electric field. This effect is a precursor of the domain structure that has been predicted to emerge spontaneously in the microwave-induced zero-resistance states.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Behavioural change interventions encouraging clinicians to reduce carbon emissions in clinical activity: a systematic review
Creators: name: Batcup, Carys
name: Breth-Petersen, Matilde
name: Dakin, Thomas
name: Barratt, Alexandra
name: McGain, Forbes
name: Newell, Ben R.
name: Pickles, Kristen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Full search strategy. Appendix 2. BCTs full codes from papers. Appendix 3. BCTs full codes from abstracts. Appendix 4. Risk of bias information. Appendix 5. Risk of bias more detailed table. Appendix 6. TiDIER table.
The Design, Preparation, and Use of Chiral Organoaluminum dibromide Lewis Acids in Asymetric Reactions
Creators: name: Warner, Thomas
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemistry--Organic
subject: Organoaluminum
subject: Lewis acid
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Diels-Alder
subject: Strecker
subject: Epoxide opening
subject: Asymmetric Synthesis
subject: Catalysis
subject: Hydroalumination

description: This dissertation adds to the current knowledge of aluminum-based Lewis acids for use in asymmetric catalysis. A highly regioselective and diastereoselective hydroalumination of olefins was used to generate novel achiral and chiral organoaluminum dibromide compounds in situ. Low-temperature proton NMR binding studies were conducted with several different Lewis bases to prove that the Lewis acids coordinate reversibly to Lewis bases. These Lewis acids were investigated for their ability to promote and catalyze organic reactions including Diels-Alder, intramolecular Diels-Alder, epoxide-opening and Strecker reactions. Allylic O-benzylated dienophiles substituted with chiral oxazolidin-2-one auxiliaries were reacted with the sterically hindered diene 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-vinyl-cyclohexene to access a substituted drimane skeleton for natural product synthesis. The exo adduct was obtained as the major diastereomer in up to 60 % yield. Similar crotonic acid-derivatized dienophiles that were reacted with the same diene produced the endo adduct as the major product in up to 96 % yield. The very first example of a chiral organoaluminum dibromide Lewis acid catalyzing a reaction asymmetrically is also described. The Diels-Alder reaction between methacrolein and cyclopentadiene was catalyzed in 80 % yield and 13.3 % ee, with an exo:endo ratio of 25:1. Additionally, the first example of an R*AlBr(OR*)-type Lewis acid catalyzing a reaction asymmetrically is described. These Lewis acids were shown to undergo a dehydroalumination under the conditions of their formation, but nevertheless generated the Diels-Alder adduct in the reaction between methacrolein and cyclopentadiene in 68 % yield and 16 % ee, with a 29:1 exo:endo ratio. Finally, a novel class of 3,3’-disubstituted BINOL-aluminum bromide Lewis acids is also described, generating the same Diels-Alder adduct in up to 77 % yield and 37.5 % ee, with an exo:endo ratio of 14:1. Asymmetric Strecker and epoxide-opening reactions are also described making use of this novel class of BINOL-aluminum bromide Lewis acids. Chiral Strecker adduct was obtained in up to 72 % yield and up to 9.1 % ee with chiral bromohydrins being obtained from the opening of meso-epoxides in up to 65 % yield and 16.8 % ee.
Natural Hedging of Longevity Risk with Mortality Key Rate Durations
Creators: name: Sam, Charles
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Economics--Finance
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Applied Sciences
subject: Mortality Rate
subject: Mortality Key Rate Duration
subject: Natural Hedging
subject: Longevity Risk
subject: Weighted Surplus

description: Unanticipated increase in life expectancy (longevity risk) of policy holders expose annuity providers to financial risk over a period of time. In order to measure the sensitivity of the actuarial present value to shifts in mortality rates for two portfolios for USA male: the Lee-Carter model is used to forecast future mortality rates with mortality data from mortality.org; and the term structure of interest rates are estimated using the Nelson-Siegel-Svensson model. Mortality key rate durations are proposed as a measure of the sensitivity of the actuarial present value due to the nonparallel shifts in mortality rates. The objectives for this thesis are to determine the best weight of surplus of life insurance to use for hedging against longevity risk, and ascertain how the mortality key rates periods should be selected for the two portfolios in order to have weighted surplus greater than zero using the natural hedging approach.
Uncertainties and systematics in stellar evolution models of Red Giant Stars
Creators: name: Cassisi, Santi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this last decade, our knowledge of evolutionary and structural properties of stars of different mass and chemical composition has significantly improved. This notwithstanding, updated stellar models are still affected by significant and, usually, not negligible uncertainties. These uncertainties are related to our poor knowledge of some physical processes occurring in the real stars such as the efficiency of mixing processes. These drawbacks of stellar models have to be properly taken into account when comparing theory with observations. In this paper we briefly review current uncertainties affecting low-mass stellar models, i.e. those structures with mass in the range between 0.6 Msun and ~1.4 Msun, during the Red Giant Branch stage.
description: Proc. of the workshop "Red Giants as Probes of the Structure and Evolution of the Milky Way" (Roma, 15-17 Nov 2010), Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, ISBN 978-3-642-18417-8 (eds. A. Miglio, J. Montalban, A. Noels). Part of RedGiantsMilkyWay/2011/ proceedings available at http://arxiv.org/html/1108.4406v1
Footstepping to Federation
Creators: name: Carpenter, Eric
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Australian
Federation
Footstepping
Thick Description
Richard Holmes
E P Thompson
Getting inside episodes
R G Collingwood
Re-enactment
Geertz
Benedict Anderson
Imagined Communities
Sydney
Melbourne
Marches
Parades

description: On 1 January 1901, the first day of the twentieth century, the six colonies of Australia federated in Sydney to become a single united country. On 9 May of the same year this symbolic inauguration became a practical reality when the first Federal Parliament was opened in the Melbourne Exhibition Building. Both these significant events were accompanied by equally significant processions through the two respective colonial, then state capital cities. Much has been written about the kind of country Australia was at the time of Federation and what manner of nation Australia consciously and subconsciously intended to become. However, our appreciation and understanding of these issues today tends to be determined, as do most historical studies, by an analysis of the written documents of the day, and subsequent written academic commentary. I would contend that such texts have, to some degree, always been restricted by the social and cultural limitations of the written documentary process, of those writing the work, and even the social and cultural limitations of those for whom such work is intended. Is it possible therefore, to analyse historical events by utilising other methodologies; other research materials and other approaches in collating evidence? And will such processes provide new insights, or simply re-iterate what has gone before? To this end I have adapted the techniques of Richard Holmes’ footstepping and Gilbert Ryle’s and Clifford Geertz’s thick description to undertake such an evaluation by retracing the routes of these two principal Federation parades and recording what additional evidence could be gained. This methodology has comprised a visual description and interpretation of the routes of the two Federation processions through the cities by referencing back to both the written record of the day through the press, and general historical commentary on these cities’ culture and society of the time. The primarily visual aspect of my analysis has been supplemented by a visual photographic documentation that provides both an historical record of the sites and locations along the parade routes as well as an added source of interpretation of the Federation process. Through this process, I have analysed the concept of national identity and the imagined Australian community as it was expressed at this specific period of Australia’s history. Finally, I have evaluated this methodology itself to determine the degree to which these techniques are a valid means of translating to the wider sphere of general historical research. Are footstepping and thick description effective processes for researching other previously inaccessible sources of historical evidence?
Morbidity and mortality related to tuberculosis (tb) in British Columbia (BC), Canada
Creators: name: Moniruzzaman, Akm
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) related recurrence and mortality is not well characterized for British Columbia (BC) or Canada. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) to estimate the incidence of recurrence of TB and identify predictors associated with TB recurrence; to investigate the relative contribution of exogenous re-infection as a mechanism of recurrence; to characterize mortality among TB patients and to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for patients whose deaths were attributable to TB. METHODS: This study was conducted using population-based data maintained by the centralized provincial TB service (TB Control Division at BC Center for Disease Control). All TB cases recorded with this Division from 1990 to 2006 were reviewed. TB patients who developed recurrence and who died during the observation period were identified. Cox regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with recurrence and mortality. RESULTS: During the study period (1990 to 2006), over 5400 TB patients were registered with the provincial TB control program. The incidence of recurrence was 370 per 100,000 person-years (pys). Several factors such as foreign-birth, incomplete treatment, poor-compliance to treatment, place of initial diagnosis, HIV and drug abuse were significantly associated with TB recurrence. The relative contribution of re-infection was 8% and the incidence of reinfection was 19 per 100,000 PYs. There was an excess mortality among TB patients compared to the general BC population. 1069 TB patients died during 1990 to 2006 (29 per 1000 PYs). The cumulative mortality at the first 6 and 12 months were 8% and 10% respectively. Increasing age, Aboriginal ethnicity, miliary TB, HIV/AIDS, alcoholism, substance abuse, etc was significantly associated with all-cause mortality in multivariable analyses. Among these deaths, 109 (109/5408=2%) deaths were primarily caused by TB and another 177 (177/5408=3.3%) deaths were partially contributed by TB (one of the causes of death). Miliary TB, far advanced PTB and Aboriginal ethnicity were the strongest predictors of mortality related to TB. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified several important risk factors in a population-based TB cohort. Effective interventions targeting these high-risk populations are urgently required in order to prevent recurrence and mortality related to TB.
Towards a Formal Model of Privacy-Sensitive Dynamic Coalitions
Creators: name: Bab, Sebastian
name: Sarrouh, Nadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The concept of dynamic coalitions (also virtual organizations) describes the temporary interconnection of autonomous agents, who share information or resources in order to achieve a common goal. Through modern technologies these coalitions may form across company, organization and system borders. Therefor questions of access control and security are of vital significance for the architectures supporting these coalitions. In this paper, we present our first steps to reach a formal framework for modeling and verifying the design of privacy-sensitive dynamic coalition infrastructures and their processes. In order to do so we extend existing dynamic coalition modeling approaches with an access-control-concept, which manages access to information through policies. Furthermore we regard the processes underlying these coalitions and present first works in formalizing these processes. As a result of the present paper we illustrate the usefulness of the Abstract State Machine (ASM) method for this task. We demonstrate a formal treatment of privacy-sensitive dynamic coalitions by two example ASMs which model certain access control situations. A logical consideration of these ASMs can lead to a better understanding and a verification of the ASMs according to the aspired specification.
description: In Proceedings FAVO 2011, arXiv:1204.5796
Methanogenic Paraffin Biodegradation and the Underlying Syntrophic Relationships
Creators: name: Oberding, Lisa Kara
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: Environmental Microbiology
subject: Petroleum Microbiology
subject: Syntrophy

description: Petroleum hydrocarbons are important for their energy value and the environmental concerns they pose when spilled. Methanogenic biodegradation through syntrophy plays an important role in their degradation, with implications for remediation and oil recovery. There is still much to learn about methanogenic biodegradation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons such as paraffinic n-alkanes, or the overall syntrophic metabolism underlying these processes. Here, methanogenic solid and liquid paraffin-degrading enrichments were established, with Smithella identified as the hydrocarbon degrader. Fumarate addition was identified as the putative hydrocarbon activation mechanism through alkylsuccinate synthase gene presence and expression, and factors (biosurfactant production) which affect biodegradation were determined. In addition, gene families related to energy transfer were found to distinguish known and potentially syntrophic environments using metagenomic analysis. This approach was used to determine gene families which may play unknown roles in syntrophy. Together, these studies give key insights into how hydrocarbons are degraded under methanogenic conditions.
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of a screening tool to assess prevention and rehabilitation needs of 45 to 59 years old in primary care – study protocol of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (PReHa45)
Creators: name: Burchardi, Jennifer Marie
name: Spyra, Karla
name: Brünger, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Elastic wave modelling and reverse-time migration by a staggered-grid finite-difference method
Creators: name: Jiang, Zaiming
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: elastic wave modelling
subject: elastic reverse-time migration
subject: Boundary Conditions

description: Four aspects of reverse-time migration are discussed. They are wave modelling, computational boundaries, reverse-time migration algorithms, and computational resources. Wave modelling is a part of reverse-time migration. Finite-difference methods based on staggered-grid schemes are studied to model wave phenomena in elastic media. Modelled wave cases include 1D P-wave, 2D SH-wave, 2D P-SV wave and 3D-wave cases, and analyzed wave phenomena and seismic problems include wave velocity, wavelength, geometrical spreading, seismic resolution, surface boundary, seismic reflection, transmission, and diffraction, different situations of head waves, guided waves, Rayleigh waves, rigid boundaries, and so on. It is found that the modelling results are usually faithful to the real world and are consistent with seismic theories. The computational boundary problem has been a persistent topic in the literature of wave modelling. After examining two of the most popular solutions to the problem, absorbing boundary conditions, and a nonreflecting boundary condition, a method of combining these two solutions is proposed. The proposed method results in fewer boundary reflections with little computational cost. Reverse-time migration is the heart of the dissertation. There are three special features of the method studied in the dissertation. One feature is the finite-difference method employed. People have practiced wave modelling on both non-staggered and staggered grids, but they rarely use staggered-grid schemes in reverse-time migration despite the known advantages the staggered-grid schemes. This dissertation applies a staggered-grid scheme to reverse-time migration. The second feature about the migration method is a new method of imaging conditions for elastic reverse-time migration, which is referred to as `source energy normalized imaging conditions'. The third feature is the reverse-time migration workflow for multicomponent seismic data processing. It is unique in some way. For example, ground roll suppression is not a necessary part in the workflow. High demands of computational resources pose challenges and are a drawback for finite-difference depth migration methods. On this topic, the dissertation briefly discusses parallel computing and the problem of disk space.
The beam energy measurement system for the Beijing electron-positron collider
Creators: name: Abakumova, E. V.
name: Achasov, M. N.
name: Blinov, V. E.
name: Cai, X.
name: Dong, H. Y.
name: Fu, C. D.
name: Harris, F. A.
name: Kaminsky, V. V.
name: Krasnov, A. A.
name: Liu, Q.
name: Mo, X. H.
name: Muchnoi, N. Yu.
name: Nikolaev, I. B.
name: Qin, Q.
name: Qu, H. M.
name: Olsen, S. L.
name: Pyata, E. E.
name: Shamov, A. G.
name: Shen, C. P.
name: Todyshev, K. Yu.
name: Varner, G. S.
name: Wang, Y. F.
name: Xiao, Q.
name: Xu, J. Q.
name: Zhang, J. Y.
name: Zhang, T. B.
name: Zhang, Y. H.
name: Zhukov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The beam energy measurement system (BEMS) for the upgraded Beijing electron-positron collider BEPC-II is described. The system is based on measuring the energies of Compton back-scattered photons. The relative systematic uncertainty of the electron and positron beam energy determination is estimated as 2 \cdot 10^{-5}. The relative uncertainty of the beam's energy spread is about 6 %.
Highly Efficient Commodity-based Two-Party Computation for Smartphones
Creators: name: Orobets, Ostap
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: Applied Cryptography
subject: Secure Computation

description: Secure Two-Party Computation (2PC) enables a set of parties to compute a function of their inputs while keeping these inputs private. While theoretical solutions for solving 2PC problems were known for decades, efficient implementations have been developed only recently. The delay in implementation was caused by a number of factors, including a substantial performance overhead and limitations of the standard implementation techniques. These difficulties are compounded in mobile devices, which have even additional restrictions on memory, computational power, and bandwidth. There exist low-cost general-purpose protocols for semi-honest parties that can be executed efficiently even on smartphones. However, for the malicious case current protocols are much less efficient. This thesis introduces the first protocol for mobile phones that is secure in the presence of malicious players and a semi-honest, non-colluding server. The protocol takes advantage of a commodity-based setting, where one or multiple servers provide participants with computational material that makes 2PC efficient. Our protocol has two phases: In an offline phase - where no party knows which function is to be computed nor who else is participating - each party interacts with the server and downloads a file. Later, in the online phase, when two parties decide to execute a 2PC together, they can use the files they have downloaded earlier to execute the computation at low cost. We implement our protocol on Android smartphones and desktops and experimentally show that our mobile solution is more efficient than most of the semi-honest mobile applications in this field. The online phase for evaluating a single AES circuit requires only 2.5 seconds and can be further reduced to 1.2 seconds (amortized time) with multiple executions.
Surface acoustic wave controlled carrier injection into self-assembled quantum dots and quantum posts
Creators: name: Krenner, Hubert J.
name: Völk, Stefan
name: Schülein, Florian J. R.
name: Knall, Florian
name: Wixforth, Achim
name: Reuter, Dirk
name: Wieck, Andreas D.
name: Kim, Hyochul
name: Truong, Tuan A.
name: Petroff, Pierre M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on recent progress in the acousto-electrical control of self-assembled quantum dot and quantum post using radio frequency surface acoustic waves (SAWs). We show that the occupancy state of these optically active nanostructures can be controlled via the SAW-induced dissociation of photogenerated excitons and the resulting sequential bipolar carrier injection which strongly favors the formation of neutral excitons for quantum posts in contrast to conventional quantum dots. We demonstrate high fidelity preparation of the neutral biexciton which makes this approach suitable for deterministic entangled photon pair generation. The SAW driven acoustic charge conveyance is found to be highly efficient within the wide quantum well surrounding the quantum posts. Finally we present the direct observation of acoustically triggered carrier injection into remotely positioned, individual quantum posts which is required for a low-jitter SAW-triggered single photon source.
description: Proceedings of ISCS 2011; to appear in physics status solidi (c)
Developing Novel Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Olefins in Light Petroleum Distillates
Creators: name: Sebakhy, Khaled O
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Heterogeneous Catalysis
subject: Olefins
subject: Selective Hydrogenation
subject: Naphtha
subject: Industrial Catalysis
subject: Transition Metal Carbides
subject: Zeolites
subject: Pyroxenes

description: Olefins produced in light petroleum distillates during thermal and catalytic steam cracking processes of bitumen have raised serious concerns regarding the transportation of diluted bitumen. In addition to the problematic issues caused by olefins in refineries, such as fouling, coke formation and catalyst deactivation, Canadian pipeline companies have put stringent specifications for the transportation of diluted bitumen to avoid plugging of pipelines. These specifications set by the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP) require a final olefins content which is less than 1 wt. % in the transported diluted bitumen (dilbit) and a final viscosity less than 350 cP at the desired operating temperature (7.5 o C). This generally requires the use of expensive noble metal catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of olefins and their elimination from light hydrocarbon fractions. This work aims on testing new inexpensive catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of olefins, which can compete with noble metals. Three novel catalysts: carbides (molybdenum carbide), zeolites (Ni-MFI) and pyroxenes (Ni-AEG) have been tested with model molecules (1-octene and toluene) at low pressure (70 psig = 4.82 x 105 Pascals) and moderate temperatures (140-200 o C). All catalysts showed promising results for olefins hydrogenation at low pressure. However, when the catalysts were tested with a cracked naphtha feedstock, molybdenum carbide showed the highest reduction in olefins content at moderate temperatures (200-280 o C) and pressure (500 psig = 3.44 x 106 Pascals). The hydrogenated naphtha was added to Athabasca bitumen as a diluent to reduce its viscosity. The dilbit had a final viscosity of 220 cP at 7.5 o C and a final olefins content lower than 1 wt. %, thus meeting pipeline specifications for transportation. Furthermore, the carbide catalyst also proved to be active and selective for olefins hydrogenation in the presence of steam, proving to be a potential hydrogenating catalyst for naphtha streams produced from the hot separator. On the other hand, 7.5Ni-AEG-12 extrudates showed a better selectivity to olefins hydrogenation with minimal aromatics hydrogenation. Moreover, Ni-MFI catalysts showed the lowest reduction in olefins content with the naphtha feedstock.
Evaluating Network Models: A Likelihood Analysis
Creators: name: Wang, Wen-Qiang
name: Zhang, Qian-Ming
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many models are put forward to mimic the evolution of real networked systems. A well-accepted way to judge the validity is to compare the modeling results with real networks subject to several structural features. Even for a specific real network, we cannot fairly evaluate the goodness of different models since there are too many structural features while there is no criterion to select and assign weights on them. Motivated by the studies on link prediction algorithms, we propose a unified method to evaluate the network models via the comparison of the likelihoods of the currently observed network driven by different models, with an assumption that the higher the likelihood is, the better the model is. We test our method on the real Internet at the Autonomous System (AS) level, and the results suggest that the Generalized Linear Preferential (GLP) model outperforms the Tel Aviv Network Generator (Tang), while both two models are better than the Barabási-Albert (BA) and Erdös-Rényi (ER) models. Our method can be further applied in determining the optimal values of parameters that correspond to the maximal likelihood. Experiment indicates that the parameters obtained by our method can better capture the characters of newly-added nodes and links in the AS-level Internet than the original methods in the literature.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables
A structured approach to VO reconfigurations through Policies
Creators: name: Reiff-Marganiec, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the strength of Virtual Organisations is their ability to dynamically and rapidly adapt in response to changing environmental conditions. Dynamic adaptability has been studied in other system areas as well and system management through policies has crystallized itself as a very prominent solution in system and network administration. However, these areas are often concerned with very low-level technical aspects. Previous work on the APPEL policy language has been aimed at dynamically adapting system behaviour to satisfy end-user demands and - as part of STPOWLA - APPEL was used to adapt workflow instances at runtime. In this paper we explore how the ideas of APPEL and STPOWLA can be extended from workflows to the wider scope of Virtual Organisations. We will use a Travel Booking VO as example.
description: In Proceedings FAVO 2011, arXiv:1204.5796