cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Acceptances for Space-Based and Ground-Based Fluorescence Detectors, and Inference of the Neutrino-Nucleon Cross-Section above 10^19 eV
Creators: name: Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio
name: Irimia, Andrei
name: Weiler, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos will be useful for unraveling the dynamics of the most violent sources in the cosmos and for revealing the neutrino cross-section at extreme energy. Above ~ 10^20 eV, neutrinos may well be the only cosmic primariies. Thus, it is important to know the acceptances (event rate/flux) of proposed air-shower experiments for detecting ``horizontal'' neutrino events initiated in our atmosphere, and ``Earth-skimming'' events initiated in the Earth's surface rock or ocean. We calculate these acceptances for fluorescence detectors, both space-based as with the EUSO and OWL proposals, and ground-based, as with Auger, HiRes and Telescope Array. The neutrino cross-section sigma_nuN is not measured at energies above 5.2 x 10^13 eV. Although QCD extrapolations offer motivated guesses for sigma_nuN, new physics could intervene to provide a surprise. Therefore, we present the acceptances of horizontal (HAS) and upgoing (UAS) air showers as a function of sigma_nuN over the interesting range 10^(-34) to 10^(-30) cm^2. The dependences of acceptances on neutrino energy, shower-threshold energy, shower length and column density, and cloud layers are also studied. For UAS, we present acceptances for events over land (rock), and over the ocean (water). The latter are larger by about an order of magnitude, thus favoring space-based detectors. We revisit the idea of Kusenko and Weiler to infer sigma_nuN at E_nu ~ 10^20 eV from the ratio of HAS-to-UAS events, and find favorable results. Our calculation is mostly analytic. Included in the UAS calculation are realistic energy-losses for taus, and Earth-curvature effects.
description: 40pp, 10 figs
IS IT EASIER TO ESCAPE FROM LOW PAY IN URBAN AREAS? EVIDENCE FROM THE UK
Creators: name: Phimister, Euan
name: Theodossiou, Ioannis
name: Upward, Richard
name: Phimister, Euan
name: Theodossiou, Ioannis
name: Upward, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: In this paper we compare periods of low pay employment between rural and urban areas in the UK. Using the British Household Panel Survey, we estimate the probability that a period of low pay employment will end allowing for a number of possible outcomes, namely to a "high pay" job, self-employment, unemployment and out of the labour force. The results show that there are statistically significant differences in the dynamics of low pay across urban and rural labour markets, particularly in terms of exits to high pay and out of the labour force. After controlling for different personal and job characteristics across markets, rural low pay durations are slightly longer on average, with a lower probability that rural workers will move to high pay. However, the results suggest that the most significant urban-rural differences in the typical low pay experience are concentrated among certain types of individuals, e.g. young workers, women without qualifications.
Additional file 4 of Community knowledge and practices regarding antibiotic use in rural Mozambique: where is the starting point for prevention of antibiotic resistance?
Creators: name: Cambaco, Olga
name: Menendez, Yara Alonso
name: Kinsman, John
name: Betuel Sigaúque
name: Heiman Wertheim
name: Do, Nga
name: Gyapong, Margaret
name: John-Langba, Johannes
name: Sevene, Esperança
name: Munguambe, Khátia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 4.
Multi-document Biography Summarization
Creators: name: Zhou, Liang
name: Ticrea, Miruna
name: Hovy, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: In this paper we describe a biography summarization system using sentence classification and ideas from information retrieval. Although the individual techniques are not new, assembling and applying them to generate multi-document biographies is new. Our system was evaluated in DUC2004. It is among the top performers in task 5-short summaries focused by person questions.
Quarkonia formation in a holographic gravity-dilaton background describing QCD thermodynamics
Creators: name: Zöllner, R.
name: Kampfer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A holographic model of probe quarkonia is presented, where the dynamical gravity-dilaton background is adjusted to the thermodynamics of 2 +1 flavor QCD with physical quark masses. The quarkonia action is modified to account for a systematic study of the heavy-quark mass dependence. We focus on the $J/ψ$ and $Υ$ spectral functions and relate our model to heavy quarkonia formation as a special aspect of hadron phenomenology in heavy-ion collisions at LHC.
Fine grading of $sl(p^2,\mathbb{C})$ generated by tensor product of generalized Pauli matrices and its symmetries
Creators: name: Pelantova, Edita
name: Svobodova, Milena
name: Tremblay, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Study of the normalizer of the MAD-group corresponding to a finegrading offers the most important tool for describing symmetries in the system of non-linear equations connected with contraction of a Lie algebra. One fine grading that is always present in any Lie algebra $sl(n,\mathbb{C})$ is the Pauli grading. The MAD-group corresponding to it is generated by generalized Pauli matrices. For such MAD-group, we already know its normalizer; its quotient group is isomorphic to the Lie group $Sl(2,\mathbb{Z}_n)\times v\mathbb{Z}_2$. In this paper, we deal with a more complicated situation, namely that the fine grading of $sl(p^2, \mathbb{C})$ is given by a tensor product of the Pauli matrices of the same order $p$, $p$ being a prime. We describe the normalizer of the corresponding MAD-group and we show that its quotient group is isomorphic to $Sp(4,\mathbb{Z}_p)\times\mathbb{Z}_2$.
Quantum computing model of an artificial neuron with continuously valued input data
Creators: name: Mangini, Stefano
name: Tacchino, Francesco
name: Gerace, Dario
name: Macchiavello, Chiara
name: Bajoni, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Artificial neural networks have been proposed as potential algorithms that could benefit from being implemented and run on quantum computers. In particular, they hold promise to greatly enhance Artificial Intelligence tasks, such as image elaboration or pattern recognition. The elementary building block of a neural network is an artificial neuron, i.e. a computational unit performing simple mathematical operations on a set of data in the form of an input vector. Here we show how the design for the implementation of a previously introduced quantum artificial neuron [npj Quant. Inf. $\textbf{5}$, 26], which fully exploits the use of superposition states to encode binary valued input data, can be further generalized to accept continuous -- instead of discrete-valued input vectors, without increasing the number of qubits. This further step is crucial to allow for a direct application of an automatic differentiation learning procedure, which would not be compatible with binary-valued data encoding.
A Comparison of Traditional and Newly Emerging Forms of Cooperative Capitalization
Creators: name: Barton, David G.
name: Barton, David G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Financial Economics
Agribusiness

description: This paper compares the traditional forms of capitalization used by American co-ops to newly emerging forms. It is based on an in-depth review of several case co-ops. A broad framework is provided that may be beneficial in more extensive studies of capitalization practices of cooperatives and similar organizations. It is divided into three parts. Part One outlines the alternative capitalization forms being used by cooperatives and their antecedents, where conversions to other structures and forms have occurred. Two basic capitalization forms have been used by cooperatives: traditional (open) and new generation (closed). Cooperatives using both forms have elected to add new capitalization features, such as use of publicly listed stock, or have elected to convert to different forms, such as an LLC or a C corporation. Several perceived advantages have motivated these changes besides the traditional advantages utilized by cooperative corporations, limited liability and single taxation. They include access to capital, liquidity and appreciability of stock. Part Two provides a brief description of the nature and experience of several modern cooperative organizations using the framework presented in Part One. The descriptions are based on in-depth case studies. The case study selections are from a broad cross-section of cooperatives that include the following: (1) Mid-Kansas Cooperative (traditional, centralized, local grain marketing and farm supply using only internally generated equity); (2) Land O'Lakes (traditional, centralized and federated, regional dairy marketing and processing and farm supply using only internally generated equity and registered debt financing); (3) CHS Cooperatives (traditional, primarily federated, regional grain marketing and processing and farm supply, with the recent addition of publicly listed preferred stock); and (4) U.S. Premium Beef (new generation, centralized, regional beef processing using closely held but tradeable common stock and proposal to convert to an LLC with member and non-member tradeable stock). In addition brief mention is made of other cooperatives including (5) Dakota Growers Pasta (new generation, centralized, regional durum wheat processing with recent conversion to C corporation); (6) South Dakota Soybean Processing (new generation, centralized regional soybean processing with conversion to LLC); (7) Pro-Fac and Birds Eye Foods (new generation centralized regional frozen vegetable processing with publicly listed stock and transition of processing entity, Birds Eye, to majority ownership by investor-oriented partner likely to exit through an IPO) and (8) Gold Kist (traditional, centralized regional poultry processing with proposed conversion to publicly traded C corporation). Part Three will briefly outline some of the challenges facing cooperatives in the future with reference to capitalization.
Fischer, Robert H. (Hrsg.): A Tribute to Arthur Vööbus, Chicago 1977
Creators: name: Kaufhold, Hubert
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 70 (1986): Oriens christianus, Band 70
Single-flavour and two-flavour pairing in three-flavour quark matter
Creators: name: Alford, Mark
name: Cowan, Greig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study single-flavour quark pairing ("self-pairing") in colour-superconducting phases of quark matter, paying particular attention to the difference between scenarios where all three flavours undergo single-flavour pairing, and scenarios where two flavours pair with each other ("2SC" pairing) and the remaining flavour self-pairs. We perform our calculations in the mean field approximation using a pointlike four-fermion interaction based on single gluon exchange. We confirm the result from previous weakly-coupled-QCD calculations, that when all three flavours self-pair the favored channel for each is colour-spin-locked (CSL) pseudoisotropic pairing. However, we find that when the up and down quarks undergo 2SC pairing, they induce a colour chemical potential that disfavors the CSL phase. The strange quarks then self-pair in a "polar" channel that breaks rotational invariance, although the CSL phase may survive in a narrow range of densities.
description: 12 pages, RevTeX
Determining mass accretion and jet mass-loss rates in post-asymptotic giant branch binary systems
Creators: name: Bollen, Dylan
name: Kamath, Devika
name: De Marco, Orsola
name: Van Winckel, Hans
name: Wardle, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. In this study, we determine the morphology and mass-loss rate of jets emanating from the companion in post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) binary stars with a circumbinary disk. In doing so, we also determine the mass accretion rates on to the companion and investigate the source feeding the circum-companion accretion disk. Methods. We perform a spatio-kinematic modelling of the jet of two well-sampled post-AGB binaries, BD+46442 and IRAS19135+3937, by fitting the orbital phased time series of H-alpha spectra. Once the jet geometry, velocity and scaled density structure are computed, we carry out radiative transfer modelling of the jet for the first four Balmer lines to determine the jet densities, thus allowing us to compute the jet mass-loss rates and mass accretion rates. Results. The spatio-kinematic model of the jet reproduces the observed absorption feature in the H-alpha lines. In both objects, the jets have an inner region with extremely low density. Using our radiative transfer model, we find the full three-dimensional density structure of both jets. From these results, we can compute mass-loss rates of the jets, which are of the order of 10^-7 - 10^-5 M_sol/yr. We estimate mass accretion rates onto the companion of 10^-6 - 10^-4 M_sol/yr. Conclusions. Based on the mass accretion rates found for these two objects, we conclude that the circumbinary disk is most likely the source feeding the circum-companion accretion disk. This is in agreement with the observed depletion patterns in post-AGB binaries. The high accretion rates from the circumbinary disk imply that the lifetime of the disk will be short. Mass-transfer from the post-AGB star cannot be excluded in these systems, but it is unlikely to provide a sufficient mass-transfer rate to sustain the observed jet mass-loss rates.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Computation of Strained Epitaxial Growth in Three Dimensions by Kinetic Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Russo, Giovanni
name: Smereka, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical method for computation of heteroepitaxial growth in the presence of strain is presented. The model used is based on a solid-on-solid model with a cubic lattice. Elastic effects are incorporated using a ball and spring type model. The growing film is evolved using Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) and it is assumed that the film is in mechanical equilibrium. The strain field in the substrate is computed by an exact solution which is efficiently evaluated using the fast Fourier transform. The strain field in the growing film is computed directly. The resulting coupled system is solved iteratively using the conjugate gradient method. Finally we introduce various approximations in the implementation of KMC to improve the computation speed. Numerical results show that layer-by-layer growth is unstable if the misfit is large enough resulting in the formation of three dimensional islands.
Distributed Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Under Denial-of-Service Attacks
Creators: name: Shi, Lei
name: Liu, Qingchen
name: Shao, Jinliang
name: Cheng, Yuhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we study the problem of localizing the sensors' positions in presence of denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. We consider a general attack model, in which the attacker action is only constrained through the frequency and duration of DoS attacks. We propose a distributed iterative localization algorithm with an abandonment strategy based on the barycentric coordinate of a sensor with respect to its neighbors, which is computed through relative distance measurements. In particular, if a sensor's communication links for receiving its neighbors' information lose packets due to DoS attacks, then the sensor abandons the location estimation. When the attacker launches DoS attacks, the AS-DILOC algorithm is proved theoretically to be able to accurately locate the sensors regardless of the attack strategy at each time. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation examples.
Bondi-Hoyle Accretion in a Turbulent Medium
Creators: name: Krumholz, Mark R.
name: McKee, Christopher F.
name: Klein, Richard I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bondi-Hoyle formula gives the approximate accretion rate onto a point particle accreting from a uniform medium. However, in many situations accretion onto point particles occurs from media that are turbulent rather than uniform. In this paper, we give an approximate solution to the problem of a point particle accreting from an ambient medium of supersonically turbulent gas. Accretion in such media is bimodal, at some points resembling classical Bondi-Hoyle flow, and in other cases being closer to the vorticity-dominated accretion flows recently studied by Krumholz, McKee, & Klein. Based on this observation, we develop a theoretical prediction for the accretion rate, and confirm that our predictions are highly consistent with the results of numerical simulations. The distribution of accretion rates is lognormal, and the mean accretion rate in supersonically turbulent gas can be substantially enhanced above the value that would be predicted by a naive application of the Bondi-Hoyle formula. However, it can also be suppressed by the vorticity, just as Krumholz, McKee, & Klein found for non-supersonic vorticity-dominated flows. Magnetic fields, which we have not included in these models, may further inhibit accretion. Our results have significant implications for a number astrophysical problems, ranging from star formation to the black holes in galactic centers. In particular, there are likely to be significant errors in results that assume that accretion from turbulent media occurs at the unmodified Bondi-Hoyle rate, or that are based on simulations that do not resolve the Bondi-Hoyle radius of accreting objects.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 13 pages, 9 figures, emulateapj
title: Flash Flood Statistical Models for Predicting the Stage Heights on the Rocky Branch Creek in Downtown Columbia, SC
Creators: name: Petrolito, Anthony
name: Vaughan, Leonard
name: Rebarick, Nicole
Publisher: name: NOAA National Weather Service Eastern Region
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02txa8h30
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: Eastern Region technical attachment (National Weather Service (U.S.)) ; 2023-01
description: The Rocky Branch Creek watershed in downtown Columbia, South Carolina is prone to flash flooding on short time scales in convective heavy rain events. Rainfall runoff is enhanced due to both a significant elevation gradient in the basin and impervious urban land cover. The creek flows through a highly urbanized and commercial district known as Five Points and the southern portion of the University of South Carolina campus before it enters the Congaree River. Using upstream observed rainfall and response time as predictors, multiple linear regression models were developed to predict the stage heights at two locations on the creek: Main Street at Whaley Street and Pickens Street. The purpose of the models is to aid National Weather Service forecasters in flash flood warning decision-making by providing timely stage height predictions in near real time. A computer application was developed to ingest the predictor data in a timely manner and display forecast crest stages on the Rocky Branch Creek to the forecasters. It is hoped that this research will lead to an increase in flash flood warning lead times for the city of Columbia.
A refinement of Cayley's formula for trees
Creators: name: Gessel, Ira M.
name: Seo, Seunghyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15

description: A proper vertex of a rooted tree with totally ordered vertices is a vertex that is less than all its proper descendants. We count several kinds of labeled rooted trees and forests by the number of proper vertices. Our results are all expressed in terms of the polynomials P_n(a,b,c)= c(a+(n-1)b+c)(2a+(n-2)b+c)...((n-1)a+b+c) which reduce to (n+1)^{n-1} for a=b=c=1. Our study of proper vertices was motivated by A. Postnikov's hook length formula for binary trees (arXiv:math.CO/0507163), which was also proved by W. Y. C. Chen and L. L. M. Yang (arXiv:math.CO/0507163) and generalized by R. R. X. Du and F. Liu (arXiv:math.CO/0501147). Our approach gives a new proof of Du and Liu's results and gives new hook length formulas. We also find an interpretation of the polynomials P_n(a,b,c) in terms of parking functions: we count parking functions according to the number of cars that park in their preferred parking spaces.
description: 20 pages
SWINE 2000, PART II: REFERENCE OF SWINE HEALTH AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 2000
Creators: name: Bush, Eric J.
name: Bush, Eric J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Tabular reference: mycoplasma, disease, PRRS, SIV vaccination, antibiotics, methodology
Anschütz, Helga: Die syrischen Christen vom Tur 'Abdin, Würzburg 1984
Creators: name: Kaufhold, Hubert
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 70 (1986): Oriens christianus, Band 70
On the chaos of D-brane phase transitions
Creators: name: Abel, S. A.
name: Gray, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study small instanton (and brane recombination) phase transitions in phenomenological models built with D-branes. By explicitly describing the cosmological dynamics of the moduli and matter fields, we show that these transitions do not occur smoothly, but are typically chaotic with the gauge group of the low energy theory fluctuating in time. We comment on the potential implications for cosmological questions such as inflation.
description: 29 pages, 25 figures, JHEP class
IMPORTANCE OF INCOME IN COW-CALF MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY
Creators: name: Ott, Stephen L.
name: Ott, Stephen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: NAHMS
subject: beef
subject: cattle
subject: cow-calf
subject: epidemiology
subject: economics
subject: marketing
subject: management
subject: production
subject: income
subject: dehorning
subject: castration
subject: vaccinations
subject: breeding
subject: calving
subject: semen testing

description: The USDA's National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) collected data on management practices and cow-calf herds as a source of family income from a representative sample of cow-calf producers from 23 of the leading cow-calf states. Overall, 2,713 producers with one or more beef cows participated in the NAHMS Beef '97 Study, representing 85.7 percent of the beef cows and 77.6 percent of the beef cow operations in the United States as of January 1997. Producers whose cow-calf herds were the primary source of family income were more productive than those whose herds were a supplemental source of income. Cow-calf herds were the primary source of income for 14 percent of the producers and provided supplemental income for 69 percent of the producers. While average herd size was larger for primary income herds, nearly half of the herds with 100 or more cows were non-primary income herds. Producers whose herds were a primary source of income were more likely to dehorn cattle, castrate bull calves, and practice artificial insemination and semen testing than producers whose herds were not a primary source of income. Primary income producers were also more likely to vaccinate preweaned calves. Due to greater weaning rates and a higher weaning percentage, primary income producers produced more pounds of weaned calf per exposed cow than did non-primary income producers (440 vs. 400 pounds). Contact for this paper: Stephen Ott
Half-BPS Geometries and Thermodynamics of Free Fermions
Creators: name: Giombi, Simone
name: Kulaxizi, Manuela
name: Ricci, Riccardo
name: Trancanelli, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solutions of type IIB supergravity which preserve half of the supersymmetries have a dual description in terms of free fermions, as elucidated by the "bubbling AdS" construction of Lin, Lunin and Maldacena. In this paper we study the half-BPS geometry associated with a gas of free fermions in thermodynamic equilibrium obeying the Fermi-Dirac distribution. We consider both regimes of low and high temperature. In the former case, we present a detailed computation of the ADM mass of the supergravity solution and find agreement with the thermal energy of the fermions. The solution has a naked null singularity and, by general arguments, is expected to develop a finite area horizon once stringy corrections are included. By introducing a stretched horizon, we propose a way to match the entropy of the fermions with the entropy of the geometry in the low temperature regime. In the opposite limit of high temperature, the solution resembles a dilute gas of D3 branes. Also in this case the ADM mass of the geometry agrees with the thermal energy of the fermions.
description: 37 pages, 2 figures, latex; v2: minor corrections, references added
Asymptotic characteristics of decay channels of light nuclei states in the ab initio approach
Creators: name: Rodkin, D. M.
name: Tchuvil'sky, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new convenient method for precise theoretical calculations of quantities of traditional theory of nuclear reactions such as widths of resonances (including sub-threshold), and asymptotic normalization coefficients is proposed. This method may be considered as a step on the road to full theoretical ab initio description of light nuclei spectroscopic data. As an illustration of this method the computational results for all relevant two-body channels for all known and some theoretically predicted states of 7Li nucleus are shown. Well-proven on a large amount of data Daejeon16 potential was used in the calculations. The most part of the results turn out to be in a good agreement with the experimental data contained in spectroscopic tables.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
High-field optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance in GaAs
Creators: name: Poggio, M.
name: Awschalom, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method for high-field optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance (ODNMR) is developed sensitive to 10**8 nuclei. Nuclear spin transitions are induced using a radio frequency coil and detected through Faraday rotation spectroscopy. Unlike conventional ODNMR, which is limited to low fields and relies on the measurement of time-averaged luminescence polarization, this technique monitors nuclear polarization through time-resolved measurements of electron spin dynamics. Measurements in a (110) GaAs quantum well reveal Ga-69, Ga-71, and As-75 resonances and their quadrupolar splittings while resolving changes in nuclear polarization of 0.02%.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The Welfare of Ramsey Optimal Policy Facing Auto-Regressive Shocks
Creators: name: Chatelain, Jean-Bernard
name: Ralf, Kirsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: With non-controllable auto-regressive shocks, the welfare of Ramsey optimal policy is the solution of a single Riccati equation of a linear quadratic regulator. The existing theory by Hansen and Sargent (2007) refers to an additional Sylvester equation but miss another equation for computing the block matrix weighting the square of non-controllable variables in the welfare function. There is no need to simulate impulse response functions over a long period, to compute period loss functions and to sum their discounted value over this long period, as currently done so far. Welfare is computed for the case of the new-Keynesian Phillips curve with an auto-regressive cost-push shock. JEL classification numbers: C61, C62, C73, E47, E52, E61, E63.
Flexural response of hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites
Creators: name: Soleimani, Sayed Mohamad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In spite of the brittleness of concrete, it is a widely used material in construction. In Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC), short and randomly distributed fibers abate the nucleation and growth of matrix cracks and bridge them after their creation. This reduces brittleness, and provides sources of strength gain, toughness and ductility. Fibers as reinforcement can be effective in arresting cracks at both macro and micro levels. Most of the FRC used today involves use of a single fiber type. This implies that a given fiber can provide reinforcement only at one level and within a limited range of strain. For an optimal response, therefore, different types of fibers must be combined to make Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HyFRC). The scope of this research was to investigate the flexural response of HyFRC. Up to three different types of fibers were combined in each mix. Hybridization was amongst steel/polypropylene macro fibers and carbon/polypropylene/steel micro fibers. Compressive strength of the matrix was around 55-60 MPa. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of various hybrid fiber combinations on fresh properties of concrete (i.e. workability) and on mechanical properties including compressive strength and toughness in bending. In this study, 14 different mixes containing only one type of fiber, 12 different mixes containing two kinds of fibers and 5 different mixes containing three kinds of fibers were made as well as plain concrete for reference (32 different mixes in total). For each mixture, six 100x100x350 mm prismatic specimens and six 100x200 mm cylinders were made and tested. Measuring the VeBe time for each and every mix assessed the workability of FRC/HyFRC. Cylindrical specimens were used to determine the compressive strengths. Beam specimens were used to obtain the load versus deflection curves in third point loading to calculate their flexural toughness and first-crack strengths. Finally, synergistic effects between fibers were observed in the hybrids with enhanced performance of the material over a wider range of deflections.
MARKETING PRACTICES IN BEEF COW-CALF OPERATIONS
Creators: name: Ott, Stephen L.
name: Ott, Stephen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: NAHMS
subject: beef
subject: cattle
subject: cow-calf
subject: epidemiology
subject: economics
subject: marketing
subject: management
subject: weaning
subject: auctions
subject: income
subject: forward pricing
subject: futures contracts

description: The National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Beef '97 Study collected data on the marketing practices of 2,713 beef cow-calf producers representing 85.7% of all beef cows as of January 1, 1997, in 23 leading cow-calf states. Of the operations included in the study, 67.4% sold steer calves, and 52.1% sold heifer calves for slaughter in the year preceding the study. By number of operations, auction was the most common method of selling steers (84.9% of operations) and private treaty was the second most popular marketing method (10.4% of operations). By number of steers sold, private treaty was the most common marketing method. For operations selling either steer or heifer calves, smaller operations were more likely to use auctions as a marketing method, and larger operations were more likely to use strategies such as video, forward contracts, or sale on a carcass basis. As marketing calves on a single day makes profitability dependent on daily market fluctuations, producers may want to consider diversifying marketing strategies to decrease the effects of market volatility. Larger operations were more likely to make use of forward pricing methods: while forward pricing was used by only 1.5% of operations in 1996, 13.4% of operations with 300 or more beef cows utilized this method of marketing. Larger operations were more likely to sell calves in the preceding year than smaller operations; smaller operations with outside income may be able to defer sales for another year during poor markets. Contact for this paper: Stephen Ott
Additional file 6 of Why do hospital prescribers continue antibiotics when it is safe to stop? Results of a choice experiment survey
Creators: name: Roope, Laurence S. J.
name: Buchanan, James
name: Morrell, Liz
name: Pouwels, Koen B.
name: Sivyer, Katy
name: Mowbray, Fiona
name: Abel, Lucy
name: Cross, Elizabeth L. A.
name: Yardley, Lucy
name: Peto, Tim
name: A. Sarah Walker
name: Llewelyn, Martin J.
name: Wordsworth, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6: Attribute rankings and responses to the practice question. Table S2. Attribute rankings.
Lagrangian dynamics by nonlocal constants of motion
Creators: name: Gorni, Gianluca
name: Zampieri, Gaetano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J15, 70H33

description: A simple general theorem is used as a tool that generates nonlocal constants of motion for Lagrangian systems. We review some cases where the constants that we find are useful in the study of the systems: the homogeneous potentials of degree~$-2$, the mechanical systems with viscous fluid resistance and the conservative and dissipative Maxwell-Bloch equations of laser dynamics. We also prove a new result on explosion in the past for mechanical system with hydraulic (quadratic) fluid resistance and bounded potential.
Knot Floer homology in cyclic branched covers
Creators: name: Grigsby, J Elisenda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27, 57R58, 57M05

description: In this paper, we introduce a sequence of invariants of a knot K in S^3: the knot Floer homology groups of the preimage of K in the m-fold cyclic branched cover over K. We exhibit the knot Floer homology in the m-fold branched cover as the categorification of a multiple of the Turaev torsion in the case where the m-fold branched cover is a rational homology sphere. In addition, when K is a 2-bridge knot, we prove that the knot Floer homology of the lifted knot in a particular Spin^c structure in the branched double cover matches the knot Floer homology of the original knot K in S^3. We conclude with a calculation involving two knots with identical knot Floer homology in S^3 for which the knot Floer homology groups in the double branched cover differ as Z_2-graded groups.
description: This is the version published by Algebraic & Geometric Topology on 25 September 2006
Random Matrices and the Spectrum of N-flation
Creators: name: Easther, Richard
name: McAllister, Liam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: N-flation is a promising embedding of inflation in string theory in which many string axions combine to drive inflation. We characterize the dynamics of a general N-flation model with non-degenerate axion masses. Although the precise mass of a single axion depends on compactification details in a complicated way, the distribution of masses can be computed with very limited knowledge of microscopics: the shape of the mass distribution is an emergent property. We use random matrix theory to show that a typical N-flation model has a spectrum of masses distributed according to the Marchenko-Pastur law. This distribution depends on a single parameter, the number of axions divided by the dimension of the moduli space. We use this result to describe the inflationary dynamics and phenomenology of a general N-flation model. We produce an ensemble of models and use numerical integration to track the axions' evolution and the resulting scalar power spectrum. For realistic initial conditions, the power spectrum is considerably more red than in single-field $m^2ϕ^2$ inflation. We conclude that random matrix models of N-flation are surprisingly tractable and have a rich phenomenology that differs in testable ways from that of single-field $m^2ϕ^2$ inflation.
description: 56 pages, 9 figures; v2: references added; v3: several small clarifications, refs added, will match published version in JCAP
Will Increased Highway Funding Help Rural Areas?
Creators: name: Brown, Dennis M.
name: Brown, Dennis M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: Federal-aid highways
subject: Federal highway investments
subject: Highway Trust Fund
subject: Federal transportation policies
subject: rural transportation
subject: rural development
subject: highway funding formula
subject: TEA-21
subject: ISTEA
subject: donor States
subject: recipient States

description: Rural areas in the United States stand to benefit from new highway funding legislation, especially the South. The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) authorizes sharply increased funding for major roads and is the single largest public works bill in U.S. history. Over a 6-year period, it will provide $171 billion to build new roads, widen lanes, put in new interchanges, and construct bridges. Under TEA-21, some spending discrepancies will be addressed and resolved for States that contribute more money into the Federal Highway Trust Fund than they receive in benefits.
The Food Marketing System in 1996
Creators: name: Gallo, Anthony E.
name: Gallo, Anthony E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: food marketing
subject: food processors
subject: wholesalers
subject: retailers
subject: foodservice
subject: advertising
subject: profitability
subject: trade

description: New food product introductions fell sharply in 1996. The number of new plants, consumer advertising expenditures, and common stock prices reached new highs in 1996, as did the number of mergers in the foodservice industry. Profitability from food manufacturing and retailing was higher due to strong sales, wage and producer price stability, and streamlining of operations.
Probing decisive answers to dark energy questions from cosmic complementarity and lensing tomography
Creators: name: Ishak, Mustapha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study future constraints on dark energy parameters determined from several combinations of CMB experiments, supernova data, and weak lensing surveys with and without tomography. In this analysis, we look in particular for combinations that will bring the uncertainties to a level of precision tight enough (a few percent) to answer decisively some of the dark energy questions. We probe the dark energy using two variants of its equation of state, and its energy density.We consider a set of 13 cosmological and systematic parameters, and assume reasonable priors on the lensing and supernova systematics. We consider various lensing surveys: a wide survey with f_{sky}=0.7, and with 2 (WLT2) and 5 (WLT5) tomographic bins; a deep survey with 10 bins (WLT10). The constraints found from Planck, 2000 supernovae with z_max=0.8, and WLT2 are: {sigma(w_0)=0.086, sigma(w_1)=0.069}, {sigma(w_0)=0.088, sigma(w_a)=0.11}, and {sigma(E_1)=0.029, sigma(E_2)=0.065}. With 5 bins, we find {sigma(w_0)=0.04, sigma(w_1)=0.034}, {sigma(w_0)=0.041, sigma(w_a)=0.056}, and {sigma(E_1)=0.012, sigma(E_2)=0.049}. Finally, we find from Planck, 2000 supernovae with z_max=1.5, and WLT10 with f_{sky}=0.1: {sigma(w_0)=0.032, sigma(w_1)=0.027}, {sigma(w_0)=0.033, sigma(w_a)=0.040}, and {sigma(E_1)=0.01, sigma(E_2)=0.04}. Although some worries remain about other systematics, our study shows that after the combination of the 3 probes, lensing tomography with many redshift bins and large coverages of the sky has the potential to add key improvements to the dark energy parameter constraints. However, the requirement for very ambitious and sophisticated surveys in order to achieve some of the constraints or to improve them suggests the need for new tests to probe the nature of dark energy in addition to constraining its equation of state. (Abriged)
description: 14 pages, 5 figures; matches MNRAS accepted version
Description of electric dipole excitations in the tin isotopes within the quasiparticle time blocking approximation
Creators: name: Litvinova, E. V.
name: Tselyaev, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasiparticle time blocking approximation (QTBA) is applied to describe E1 excitations in the even-even tin isotopes. Within the model pairing correlations, two-quasiparticle (2q), and 2q*phonon configurations are included. Thus the QTBA is an extension of the quasiparticle random phase approximation to include quasiparticle-phonon coupling. Calculational formulas are presented in case of neutral excitations in the spherically symmetric system. The main equations are written in the coordinate representation that allows to take into account single-particle continuum completely. The E1 photoabsorption cross sections have been calculated in nuclei 116,120,124Sn. It has been obtained that the 2q*phonon configurations provide noticeable fragmentation of the giant dipole resonance resulting in appearance of significant spreading width. The results are compared with available experimental data.
description: LaTeX, 32 pages, 3 PostScript figures
Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet
Creators: name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
name: Frazao, Elizabeth
name: Guthrie, Joanne F.
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
name: Frazao, Elizabeth
name: Guthrie, Joanne F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The increasing popularity of dining out over the past two decades has raised the proportion of nutrients obtained from away-from-home food sources. Between 1977 and 1995, home foods significantly improved their nutritional quality, more so than away-from-home foods, which typically contained more of the nutrients overconsumed (fat and saturated fat) and less of the nutrients underconsumed (calcium, fiber, and iron) by Americans. Since the trend of eating out frequently is expected to continue, strategies to improve the American diet must address consumers' food choices when eating out. This report analyzes food intake survey data collected by USDA over the past two decades to compare the nutritional quality of home and away-from-home foods and examine how the quality has changed over time.
ECONOMIC ISSUES IN AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Creators: name: Shoemaker, Robbin A.
name: Harwood, Joy L.
name: Day-Rubenstein, Kelly A.
name: Dunahay, Terry
name: Heisey, Paul W.
name: Hoffman, Linwood A.
name: Klotz-Ingram, Cassandra
name: Lin, William W.
name: Mitchell, Lorraine
name: McBride, William D.
name: Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge
name: Shoemaker, Robbin A.
name: Harwood, Joy L.
name: Day-Rubenstein, Kelly A.
name: Dunahay, Terry
name: Heisey, Paul W.
name: Hoffman, Linwood A.
name: Klotz-Ingram, Cassandra
name: Lin, William W.
name: Mitchell, Lorraine
name: McBride, William D.
name: Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: biotechnology
subject: economics
subject: adoption
subject: patents
subject: research policy
subject: markets
subject: market segmentation
subject: identity preservation

description: Agricultural biotechnology has been advancing very rapidly, and while it presents many promises, it also poses as many questions. Many dimensions to agricultural biotechnology need to be considered to adequately inform public policy. Policy is made more difficult by the fact that agricultural biotechnology encompasses many policy issues addressed in very different ways. We have identified several key areas - agricultural research policy, industry structure, production and marketing, consumer issues, and future world food demand - where agricultural biotechnology is dramatically affecting the public policy agenda. This report focuses on the economic aspects of these issues and addresses some current and timely issues as well as longer term issues.
A Szegő type theorem and distribution of symplectic eigenvalues
Creators: name: Bhatia, Rajendra
name: Jain, Tanvi
name: Sengupta, Ritabrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P45, 94A15, 94A17, 54C70

description: We study the properties of stationary G-chains in terms of their generating functions. In particular, we prove an analogue of the Szegő limit theorem for symplectic eigenvalues, derive an expression for the entropy rate of stationary quantum Gaussian processes, and study the distribution of symplectic eigenvalues of truncated block Toeplitz matrices. We also introduce a concept of symplectic numerical range, analogous to that of numerical range, and study some of its basic properties, mainly in the context of block Toeplitz operators.
description: 16 pages