cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Information for “Social support, nutrition, and health among women in rural Bangladesh: complex tradeoffs in allocare, kin proximity, and social network size”
Creators: name: Shenk, Mary K.
name: Morse, Anne Roback
name: Mattison, Siobhán M.
name: Sear, Rebecca
name: Alam, Nurul
name: Rubhana Raqib
name: Kumar, Anjan
name: Farjana Haque
name: Blumenfield, Tami
name: Shaver, John
name: Sosis, Richard
name: Wander, Katherine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Additional Predictors: Methods, Results, Discussion
Living on the edge: thermoregulation at the niche margin in the Bedriaga’s rock lizard
Creators: name: Bombi, Pierluigi
name: Calò, Fabrizio
name: Salvi, Daniele
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Thermoregulation is essential for ectotherms but its relative costs, especially under ongoing climate change, depends on the thermal quality of habitats. Populations at the warm margin of a thermal niche could be negatively affected by environmental temperatures that approach the limits of a species’ thermoregulation capacity. This study aims to define the thermal niche of the Bedriaga’s rock lizard, Archaeolacerta bedriagae, a rock-dwelling species endemic to the Corsica and Sardinia islands (western Mediterranean Sea), and investigate its thermoregulation effectiveness at the warm edge of its niche. We collected data on climate, body temperature, and microhabitat temperature throughout the species’ range to characterize its thermal niche. We found that A. bedriagae does not occupy the entire climatic space available across its distribution range; rather, it selects relatively cold climates. In addition, thermoregulation effort increases when the habitat thermal quality decreases towards warmer sites. Populations at the warm edge of the thermal niche show the best thermoregulation effectiveness, but they are also more sensitive to the effects of climate change as they may already be at (or beyond) the species’ maximum thermal capacity under the current conditions. We observed such a pattern at the extreme hot side of the thermal niche. This study provides key information on the thermoregulatory response of A. bedriagae to ongoing climate change that can be useful to identify populations facing a higher extinction risk either currently or in the near future.
Fungi and their mycotoxins associated with maize ear rots from emerging farms in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Creators: name: Price, Jenna-Lee
name: Meyer, Hannalien
name: Yilmaz, Neriman
name: Visagie, Cobus M
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fungi, mycotoxins, diversity, identifcation

description: Poster presented at the 52nd Congress of the Southern African Society of Plant Pathology (SASPP), Pretoria, South Africa, 1–3 August 2022
title: Public funding for startups in Romania. Identified problems. Recommendations based on good practice and lessons learned
Creators: name: Jaliu, Dragos
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Startups
subject: Grants
subject: Public funding
subject: Access to financing
subject: Entrepreneurial ecosystem
subject: Entrepreneurs
subject: Startups
subject: Grants
subject: Public funding
subject: Access to financing
subject: Entrepreneurial ecosystem
subject: Entrepreneurs

description: Access to financing is particularly difficult for Romanian entrepreneurs and given the current development stage of the Romanian startup ecosystem, public grants play an extremely important role in the business growth. Main objectives of the master thesis Public funding for start-ups in Romania. Identified problems. Recommendations based on good practice and lessons learned are to identify differences between two of the most important public funded programs for start-ups in Romania: Startup Plus and StartUp Nation, to identify additional services entrepreneurs and startups need to have in their public grant entrepreneurial journey and to elaborate relevant recommendations to the most important stakeholders in the development of a performant Romanian public funded startup ecosystem. To achieve the stated objectives, a literature review and an extensive empyrical research were necessary to be performed. I conducted interviews with grant administrators and a survey among the financed entrepreneurs under Startup Nation and Romania Startup Plus funding opportunities. On the basis of the results of the research, it can be concluded that Romanian entrepreneurs still face burdensome bureaucracy and uncertainty which prevent an optimal implementation of the financed business plans. Also, the findings support the view that future development of the ecosystem should take into account the experience of the grant administrators.
L’industrie laitière dans une Union européenne en pleine expansion : politiques et stratégies
Creators: name: Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra
name: Requillart, Vincent
name: Bouamra-Mechemache, Zohra
name: Requillart, Vincent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Le secteur laitier européen fait face à une période de changements significatifs. Outre l’élargissement de l’Union européenne (UE) aux nouveaux pays adhérents, la réforme de Luxembourg en juin 2003 et les négociations internationales à l’OMC, de plus en plus de pays se prononcent en faveur d’une sortie du système des quotas laitiers mis en place en 1984. L’objectif de nos recherches est d’explorer l’impact de réformes possibles de la politique laitière européenne dans ce nouveau contexte. On étudie plus particulièrement l’effet de scénarios d’augmentation graduelle et significative des quotas laitiers européens sur les marchés du lait et des produits laitiers ainsi que sur le revenu des producteurs et sur le bien-être économique de l’UE.
La dimension rurale du deuxième pilier : une politique territorialisée de l’agriculture
Creators: name: Aubert, Francis
name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle
name: Gaigne, Carl
name: Aubert, Francis
name: Berriet-Solliec, Marielle
name: Gaigne, Carl
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Le deuxième pilier de la PAC regroupe un ensemble de mesures orientées sur les structures et facteurs de production agricoles, l’environnement et la gestion de l’espace, les activités et le cadre de vie ruraux. Il bénéficie d’un règlement (RDR) et d’un fonds d’intervention (FEADER) spécifiques. Toutefois, l’articulation étroite de la politique de développement rural à la politique agricole pose deux séries de questions : les unes relatives à la subordination des mesures rurales à l’atteinte des objectifs agricoles, y compris en termes de compensation, les autres relatives à la pertinence des leviers agricoles pour le développement des zones rurales. Face à cette double ambiguïté, des politiques rurales conçues dans une optique d’aménagement du territoire et de développement régional sont effectivement élaborées et mises en oeuvre concrètement, par les collectivités territoriales, selon des modalités différenciées qui portent le risque d’entretenir ou même amplifier les disparités régionales.
title: The entrepreneurial ecosystem in the Ukraine: challenges and opportunities when launching IT companies
Creators: name: Parokha, Anastasiia
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: entrepreneurial ecosystem
subject: Ukraine
subject: IT
subject: start up
subject: Ukrainian Venture Capital
subject: Private Equity Association
subject: Open Innovation Platform RE:ACTOR
subject: entrepreneurial ecosystem
subject: Ukraine
subject: IT
subject: start up
subject: Ukrainian Venture Capital
subject: Private Equity Association
subject: Open Innovation Platform RE:ACTOR

description: Ukraine is a country with a complicated past and a politically uncertain future. Despite having once been a part of the former USSR, Ukraine today is a largely pro-European country that in recent years has become internationally known for revolution, open conflict with Russia, and vast, systematic corruption. However, there is a completely different side to the country that the majority of outsiders remain completely unaware of. Ukraine is becoming increasingly known in the IT sphere as one of the fastest growing IT outsourcing locations and the home for several close to Unicorn startups. “Over 100 global telecom, eCommerce, software development, and gaming companies have R&D offices in Ukraine, including Grammarly, Magento, Ericsson, and Crytek. The country boasts the greatest percentage of software engineers in Central and Eastern Europe.” says the article by payment processor Payoneer Inc. (2018). The main objectives of this master thesis are to define what shapes the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Ukraine, its development and what unique traits it has. Through this, I endeavor to explore and analyze the challenges and opportunities Ukrainian IT startups face when launching and developing businesses, as well as to provide recommendations that will have an impact on the further harmonious development of this ecosystem. The whole analytical work done in this thesis is structured based on Isenbergs entrepreneurial ecosystem framework (Isenberg 2011), which has: 1) Helped to build a proper logic structure for further recommendations 2) Defined all the stakeholders, the conditions of the ecosystem and their mutual impact 3) Led to the finding of missing, previously uncovered areas in literature, which, in turn, led to the formulation of a unique questionnaire for startup founders which allowed for unique research.
Table S5. from Social support, nutrition and health among women in rural Bangladesh: complex tradeoffs in allocare, kin proximity and support network size
Creators: name: Shenk, Mary K.
name: Morse, Anne Roback
name: Mattison, Siobhán M.
name: Sear, Rebecca
name: Alam, Nurul
name: Rubhana Raqib
name: Kumar, Anjan
name: Farjana Haque
name: Blumenfield, Tami
name: Shaver, John
name: Sosis, Richard
name: Wander, Katherine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Full multinomial logistic regression with lean as the base outcome (N=677)
Self induced class stratification in competitive societies of agents: Nash stability in the presence of envy
Creators: name: Gros, Claudius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Envy, the inclination to compare rewards, can be expected to unfold when inequalities in terms of payoff differences are generated in competitive societies. It is shown that increasing levels of envy lead inevitably to a self-induced separation into a lower and an upper class. Class stratification is Nash stable and strict, with members of the same class receiving identical rewards. Upper class agents play exclusively pure strategies, all lower class agents the same mixed strategy. The fraction of upper class agents decreases progressively with larger levels of envy, until a single upper class agent is left. Numerical simulations and a complete analytic treatment of a basic reference model, the shopping trouble model, are presented. The properties of the class-stratified society are universal and only indirectly controllable through the underlying utility function, which implies that class stratified societies are intrinsically resistant to political control. Implications for human societies are discussed. It is pointed out that the repercussions of envy are amplified when societies become increasingly competitive.
description: Royal Society Open Science, in press
Half-In, Half-Out: Roma and Non-Roma Romanians with Limited Rights Working and Travelling in the European Union
Creators: name: Julius-Cezar MacQuarie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160104 Social and Cultural Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160303 Migration

description: Abstract – January 2007, was a turning point for Romania and certain changes have taken place during the six years since its integration in the European Union (EU). This working paper addresses some of the key issues in relation to the process of Europeanisation that have affected the patterns in the everyday lives of Roma and non-Roma community travelling to live and work in London in the past seven years. In the context of Romania‟s accession to the European Union, this paper shows that „being European‟ applies differently to citizens of old vs. new member states. The paper also analyses critically public perceptions, political and media class-based discourses practiced in old EU member states to show how these backlash against new EU member states‟ citizens, such as Romanian Roma and non-Roma. Findings reveal paradoxes – the utopian dream that all European citizens should have free-movement in the EU fades away in the face of everyday life of the Romanian citizens abroad. More so, this fundamental right has been denied to those who represent the concept of Europeaness, the Roma people. January 2014 however, starts a new phase for Romanian citizens, but their rights to free-movemnet are threatened in the uncertain future as new reforms of the EU Treaty are proposed to make the fundamental freedom of movement in Europe, less free.
Book Review: Sex at the Margins: Migration, Labour Markets and the Rescue Industry by L. M. Agustín, London: Zed Books Ltd, 2007, 248 pp.
Creators: name: Julius-Cezar MacQuarie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 140211 Labour Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 160303 Migration
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160104 Social and Cultural Anthropology

description: Book Review: Agustín‘s book originated in the mid 90s with her outreach work on various projects (with asylum seekers, in HIV/AIDS prevention, studies of tourism and migrant sex workers). Her fieldwork was carried out with migrant sex workers in Western Europe, but not exclusively. In Agustín‘s eloquent chapters, she refers to sex workers coming from Central and Eastern Europe. The examples she uses illustrate the post-1989 boom of sex labourers from South-East Europe (the case of Albanians in Italy) and Eastern Europe (sex workers from Ukraine, Poland, Romania and Moldova in the UK) migrating to the West.
INTEGRAL observations of five sources in the Galactic Center region
Creators: name: Lutovinov, A.
name: Revnivtsev, M.
name: Molkov, S.
name: Sunyaev, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of new X-ray sources (IGR J17091-3624, IGR/XTE J17391-3021, IGR J17464-3213 (= XTE J17464-3213 = H 1743-322), IGR J17597-2201, SAX/IGR J18027-2017) have been observed with the INTEGRAL observatory during ultra deep exposure of the Galactic Center region in August-September 2003. Most of them were permanently visible by the INTEGRAL at energies higher than $\sim 20$ keV, but IGR/XTE J17391-3021 was observed only during its flaring activity with a flux maximum of $\sim120$ mCrab. IGR J17091-3624, IGR J17464-3213 and IGR J17597-2201 were detected up to $\sim 100$-150 keV. In this paper we present the analysis of INTEGRAL observations of these sources to determine the nature of these objects. We conclude that all of them have a galactic origin. Two sources are black hole candidates (IGR J17091-3624 and IGR J17464-3213), one is an LMXB neutron star binary (presumably an X-ray burster) and two other sources (IGR J17597-2201 and SAX/IGR J18027-2017) are neutron stars in high mass binaries; one of them (SAX/IGR J18027-2017) is an accreting X-ray pulsar.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Effets des mesures agro-environnementales
Creators: name: Dupraz, Pierre
name: Pech, Michel
name: Dupraz, Pierre
name: Pech, Michel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Les mesures agri-environnementales (MAE) visent à améliorer les impacts environnementaux de l’agriculture, à l’aide de subventions allouées sur la base d’engagements volontaires des agriculteurs pour une durée d’au moins 5 ans. Au sein du deuxième pilier de la PAC, elles sont les seules mesures d’application obligatoire par les Etats membres. En France, elles ont représenté près de 6 % des aides directes totales versées aux agriculteurs pour la période 2000-2006. Les MAE ont été généralisées dans l’Union européenne (UE) dans les années 90. Elles sont très diversement utilisées par les Etats membres. Les effets des MAE dépendent à la fois de leurs principes et modalités d’action, relativement originaux, mais aussi de l’évolution des autres instruments de la PAC. Les recherches menées avec le soutien du projet européen ITAES se sont attachées à analyser les déterminants de l’efficacité environnementale des mesures agri-environnementales. Ces déterminants relèvent des processus bio-physiques reliant les pratiques agricoles aux impacts environnementaux, du comportement économique des agriculteurs et des aspects institutionnels relatifs à l’élaboration et à la mise en oeuvre des mesures. Des pistes et des outils méthodologiques pour l’amélioration des dispositifs et des contrats MAE ont été testés. Les investigations ont principalement été effectuées dans neuf régions ou pays de l’UE. 2000 agriculteurs ont été enquêtés, 200 agriculteurs engagés dans des MAE ont été suivis pendant un an, et près de 300 représentants d’organisations gouvernementales et non gouvernementales ont été interrogés.
Découplage des aides, revenus et facteurs de production
Creators: name: Jayet, Pierre-Alain
name: Jayet, Pierre-Alain
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Production Economics

description: La Politique agricole commune est engagée dans un processus continu de réforme dont le découplage des aides proposé par l’accord de Luxembourg constitue une étape importante. S’appuyant sur des travaux de modélisation, le programme GENEDEC contribue aux évaluations des impacts de la réforme en ce qui concerne les marges brutes, l’allocation des terres, les coûts d’opportunité des facteurs, et quelques critères environnementaux. Ce document restitue une partie des résultats obtenus à l’aide du modèle AROPAj de l’Unité mixte de recherche « Economie Publique » de Grignon.
title: Digital transformation on the example of the use of artificial intelligence in the human resource information system in the tension field of the GDPR
Creators: name: Eder, Stefan
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Digital transformation
subject: HR
subject: Human Resources
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: AI
subject: Human Resources Information System
subject: GDPR
subject: Digital transformation
subject: HR
subject: Human Resources
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: AI
subject: Human Resources Information System
subject: GDPR

description: The aim of this master thesis is to discuss the usage of Artificial Intelligence in the human resource information system and in the tension field of the General Data Protection Regulation. A lot of companies nowadays use or start to implement artificial intelligence in order to gain competitive advantage. This as well doesnt stop in human resource departments, quite the contrary happens namely the huge increase of predictive machines to fulfil the needs and reach the goals for HR. Organizations face great challenges with the use of this new technologies because some side effects like privacy, discrimination or acceptance come up with AI and have to be handled. At the same time the call for privacy came up and was implemented in the European Union through the GDPR. Therefore, the use of personal data is only allowed if there exist a purpose and a legal basis (like e.g. a declaration of consent). It is a great challenge to comprehensively be in the possession of that, but on the other side big amount of data are necessary to train and operate AI systems. This also apply for employees and their data. Here as well the usage of predictive software is very valuable and from a lot of companies already in use. But only if the purpose of the collection of data is disclosed it is legally allowed to process this data. A big issue in this context is also the acceptance of the affected persons only if the aim for the collection of the data is transparent there is a chance that employees or applicants will agree with the conditions or the outcomes. This thesis deals exactly with this field of tension processing employee data in consideration of the GDPR and gives insights from literature and as well from field research. Eighty-two experts were asked regarding these issues and the results are shown and discussed in this thesis.
A Bayesian machine scientist to aid in the solution of challenging scientific problems
Creators: name: Guimera, Roger
name: Reichardt, Ignasi
name: Aguilar-Mogas, Antoni
name: Massucci, Francesco A
name: Miranda, Manuel
name: Pallares, Jordi
name: Sales-Pardo, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Closed-form, interpretable mathematical models have been instrumental for advancing our understanding of the world; with the data revolution, we may now be in a position to uncover new such models for many systems from physics to the social sciences. However, to deal with increasing amounts of data, we need "machine scientists" that are able to extract these models automatically from data. Here, we introduce a Bayesian machine scientist, which establishes the plausibility of models using explicit approximations to the exact marginal posterior over models and establishes its prior expectations about models by learning from a large empirical corpus of mathematical expressions. It explores the space of models using Markov chain Monte Carlo. We show that this approach uncovers accurate models for synthetic and real data and provides out-of-sample predictions that are more accurate than those of existing approaches and of other nonparametric methods.
Valoración económica de las medidas destinadas a la recuperación de una masa de agua muy modificada. El caso del acuífero Bajo-Almanzora (Almería)
Creators: name: Gomez-Ramos, Almudena
name: Olmedilla Perez, Sofia
name: Gomez-Ramos, Almudena
name: Olmedilla Perez, Sofia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Aguas subterráneas
subject: análisis coste-eficacia
subject: contaminación nitratos
subject: Directiva Marco del Agua
subject: objetivos ambientales

description: El nuevo proceso de planificación promovido por la Directiva Marco del Agua refuerza la necesidad de alcanzar los objetivos ambientales de las masas de agua mediante un programa de medidas. Este trabajo traslada este principio a la recuperación del acuífero Bajo Almanzora (Almería), masa muy modificada debido a la presión proveniente de la contaminación por nitratos. El trabajo aplica el análisis coste-eficacia a las medidas valorando los costes directos e indirectos en la comarca y en la provincia. Los resultados muestran la importancia de implementar medidas que promuevan la eficiencia en la fertilización una vez que se han aplicado las medidas complementarias.
„Wenn dann auch noch die Kosten zum Schutz vor dem Wolf zu Buche schlagen…“ - Modellgestützte Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalysen und betriebliche Anpassungsstrategien im Land Brandenburg -
Creators: name: Freifrau Von Münchhausen, Susanne
name: Häring, Anna
name: Deblitz, Claus
name: Freifrau Von Münchhausen, Susanne
name: Häring, Anna
name: Deblitz, Claus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
subject: Modellrechnungen
subject: Wissenstransfer
subject: Arbeitsgruppen
subject: Innovations-Netzwerk

description: Landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben im ertrags- und finanzschwachen Land Brandenburg stellen sich außerordentliche Herausforderungen, auf die sie mit betrieblichen Anpassungen individuell reagieren müssen. Beratung ist jedoch nur überregional verfügbar und kostenintensiv. Analysen für Modellbetriebe anhand des internationalen agri benchmark Konzeptes zeigen, dass die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Unternehmen bereits bei geringer Kostensteigerung oder Prämiensenkung in vielen Fällen nicht mehr gewährleistet ist. Diese modellgestützten Kalkulati-onen bilden die Ausgangsbasis für die Arbeitsgruppen des HNEE-Innovations-Netzwerkes, in denen Wissenschaftler und Landwirte gemeinsam innovative Lösungen für drängende Probleme der Betriebe erarbeiten. Auswirkungen der Agrarreform auf brandenburgische Modellbetriebe und mögliche Anpassungsstrategien werden beispielhaft anhand von Betriebstypen mit extensiver Schafhaltung präsentiert.
Energy-Momentum Distribution: A Crucial Problem in General Relativity
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Fatima, Tasnim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is aimed to elaborate the problem of energy-momentum in General Relativity. In this connection, we use the prescriptions of Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Papapetrou and Möller to compute the energy-momentum densities for two exact solutions of Einstein field equations. The spacetimes under consideration are the non-null Einstein-Maxwell solutions and the singularity-free cosmological model. The electromagnetic generalization of the Gödel solution and the Gödel metric become special cases of the non-null Einstein-Maxwell solutions. It turns out that these prescriptions do not provide consistent results for any of these spacetimes. These inconsistence results verify the well-known proposal that the idea of localization does not follow the lines of pseudo-tensorial construction but instead follows from the energy-momentum tensor itself. These differences can also be understood with the help of the Hamiltonian approach.
description: 28 pages, accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A
Fairway: A Way to Build Fair ML Software
Creators: name: Joymallya Chakraborty
name: TIm Menzies
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning software is increasingly being used to make decisions that affect people's lives. But sometimes, the core part of this software (the learned model), behaves in a biased manner that gives undue advantages to a specific group of people (where those groups are determined by sex, race, etc.). This "algorithmic discrimination" in the AI software systems has become a matter of serious concern in the machine learning and software engineering community. There have been works done to find "algorithmic bias" or "ethical bias" in the software system. Once the bias is detected in the AI software system, the mitigation of bias is extremely important. In this work, we a)explain how ground-truth bias in training data affects machine learning model fairness and how to find that bias in AI software,b)propose a method Fairway which combines pre-processing and in-processing approach to remove ethical bias from training data and trained model. Our results show that we can find bias and mitigate bias in a learned model, without much damaging the predictive performance of that model. We propose that (1) testing for bias and (2) bias mitigation should be a routine part of the machine learning software development life cycle. Fairway offers much support for these two purposes.
La diversité des cultures et l’écologisation de la Politique agricole commune
Creators: name: Allaire, Gilles
name: Fuzeau, Virgile
name: Therond, Olivier
name: Allaire, Gilles
name: Fuzeau, Virgile
name: Therond, Olivier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Différents travaux ont mis en évidence les bénéfices agro-économiques et agro-écologiques d’une diversification des cultures. Toutefois pour en tirer le meilleur parti, il convient que la diversification des cultures s’effectue sur une même parcelle année après année mais aussi à une échelle spatiale supérieure, sur un territoire donné. Un degré minimal de diversification de l’assolement des exploitations fait aujourd’hui partie des bonnes pratiques agricoles et environnementales (BCAE) qui conditionnent l’accès aux aides de la Politique agricole commune (PAC). La réforme de la PAC en discussion pour la nouvelle programmation (2014-2020) comprend notamment un « verdissement » du premier pilier en conditionnant 30 % des aides versées à la mise en œuvre de pratiques favorables à l’environnement allant au-delà des BCAE. Une de ces mesures concerne la diversification de l’assolement des exploitations agricoles. La présente étude explore l’impact de la proposition initiale de la Commission, ainsi que de plusieurs variantes. Les analyses montrent que sur la base des caractéristiques de 2009 près d’un quart des exploitations françaises se retrouveraient non éligibles. Ce résultat s’améliore quand on adopte une approche territoriale des critères de diversité des cultures qui, sous la forme d’engagements collectifs, pourrait être une alternative à l’approche individuelle (par exploitation).
Invisible Denizens: Migrant Night Shift Workers’ Fragile Possibilities for Solidarity in the Post-Circadian Capitalist Era
Creators: name: Julius-Cezar MacQuarie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160104 Social and Cultural Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 160303 Migration
subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160510 Public Policy

description: Abstract - London’s New Spitalfields market night shift workers face weak possibilities for solidarity, and so presumably they are alienated from the mainstream, diurnal society. Since, generally people working nights permanently will suffer from isolation, sleep deprivation, physical exhaustion and mental alienation. Because, evidence from occupational health inquiries show how night shift work disrupts the circadian rhythms (Arendt 2010)if at all, to rapid transitions between different shift schedules. This leads to misalignment (desynchrony, and from anthropological and global studies showing that unmet social expectations lead to “hysteresis effects” (Bourdieu, 1984) and biological dissonance amongst the “walking ghosts” of India’s call centre agents (Aneesh 2012:527–29). Unless, of course, people in other job sectors are not working at night permanently, on 11/12-Hour night shifts like the respondents in this study or they are highly skilled migrants capable of buying solutions for sociability. The paper analyses firstly, three main contributing factors: (a) the expansion of the working day into the night; (b) the major alterations of time over time, and (c) the global city, the nurturing ground for producing the bio-automatons maintaining its global night-time economy. Secondly, the four migrant night shifters’ ethnographic portraits canvased here, expose their resilience in enduring work precariousness, and corrosion of social ties and networks with their families, away and at home.
Papel dos Contratos na Coordenação Agro-Industrial: um olhar além dos mercados
Creators: name: Zylbersztajn, Decio
name: Zylbersztajn, Decio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: transaction cost
subject: agriculture contracts
subject: firm theory.

description: This essay departs from the question about the limited adoption of the contractual approach in the field of Agricultural Economics in Brazil. It discusses the relevance of the contractual approach to the theory of the firm, presents the evolution of the studies of coordination in food chains in Brazil and abroad, and concludes suggesting a research and educational agenda for applied Agricultural Economics.
Efeito da desvalorização cambial na oferta, no preço de insumos e na relação entre os fatores na cultura do café
Creators: name: Castro, Eduardo Rodrigues De
name: Teixeira, Erly Cardoso
name: Lima, Joao Eustaquio De
name: Castro, Eduardo Rodrigues De
name: Teixeira, Erly Cardoso
name: Lima, Joao Eustaquio De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Exchange rate devaluation
subject: translog function
subject: coffee business.

description: The objective of this paper is to analyze the 1999 exchange rate (real/dollar) devaluation impact on coffee and intermediate input prices. Input price increased with exchange rate devaluation, reducing the positive effect of the exchange rate on coffee production, compared with the scenario which did not take the impact on input price into account. Coffee supply increased by 19.75% when the exchange rate devaluation impact on input price was not considered and by 17. 69 % when the devaluation impact on the price of fertilizers and machinery was considered.
Time-place learning
Creators: name: Thorpe, Christina Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The ability to learn spatiotemporal characteristics of biologically significant events is advantageous for an animal and is known as time-place learning (TPL). Gallistel (1990) proposed an influential theory positing that whenever a biologically significant event occurred, a memory code was automatically formed, encoding the nature of the event, and the time and place in which it occurred. When the animal is later faced with a biological need it could consult these memory codes and determine when and where that need had been met in the past. This information could be used to guide current behaviour. Importantly, Gallistel theorized that the encoding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of an event into a tripartite code was an automatic process. Despite the appealing power and simplicity of Gallistel's theory, I have provided arguments suggesting that it has serious limitations. Perhaps the most damaging evidence against this theory is the reluctance of rats to demonstrate daily TPL (i.e., events that vary in location depending on time of day). Widman, Gordon, and Timberlake (2000) argue that for TPL to occur the response cost for incorrect decisions must be high. While this hypothesis is unable to explain the inconsistencies in TPL, it does highlight the fact that animals do not automatically store time-place-event information as a tripartite code. If they did, it would not make sense for them to ignore such information in some tasks. I have provided an alternative hypothesis that states that whenever a biologically significant event occurs two bipartite memory codes (time-event and place-event) are automatically formed. Only under some conditions, perhaps those with high response cost, do animals form tripartite codes. For this reason, rats often have difficulty learning a TPL task; although rats easily learn a place preference for those places that provide reinforcement (place-event), and easily learn a go/no-go discrimination (time-event). This thesis provides data from both the daily and interval TPL realms supporting the proposed theory of bipartite codes. Although rats do not readily learn daily TPL tasks, they do demonstrate knowledge of interval TPL under a variety of conditions designed to enhance the ecological validity of the task. The properties of interval TPL are discussed.
title: An Online Scientific Twitter World: Social Network Analysis of #ScienceTwitter, #SciComm, and #AcademicTwitter
Creators: name: Zhang, Man
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2024

description: Understanding who makes up online social worlds as well as how information flows within those communities is important as more people access news, research topics, collaborate with others, and entertain themselves. This study identified and classified the people discussing scientific topics on Twitter, determined the type of social network, and described the member composition of this online world. Scientists, the public, and educators formed this online world. They built connections by initiating activities and interacting with others, which created the Community Clusters social network structure. All three categories of people are in positions of influence in this network leading and controlling the conversations. The results show that scientists, the public, and educators share the space and contribute to communication in this online world.
Gestão do Risco de Preço de Café Arábica: uma Análise por meio do Comportamento da Base
Creators: name: Barros, Áther De Miranda
name: Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias De
name: Barros, Áther De Miranda
name: Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Risk administration
subject: arabic coffee
subject: Future Markets.

description: This paper analyzes the basis behavior for arabica coffee, aiming to help the design of hedging strategies. It was verified that there are opportunities for both short and long hedging, but the opportunities for long hedging are fewer and less profitable than for short hedging. Besides, the futures contracts for delivering in March and May are the riskiest because of the high level of uncertainty just before the harvest season. It was verified also that basis strengthening is not associated to basis risk, since in most of the cases larger profitability is associated to lower risk, and vice-versa. Finally, the results showed that the most profi- table short hedging strategies are the ones placed in the second semester of every year.
title: Reliability of algorithms and AI-powered systems and trust in results generated
Creators: name: Yalozova, Elena
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: AI
subject: XAI
subject: FAT
subject: ethical AI
subject: AI reliability
subject: trust in AI
subject: AI
subject: XAI
subject: FAT
subject: ethical AI
subject: AI reliability
subject: trust in AI

description: Recently, Artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted a lot of media coverage, much of which is dedicated to biased judgments, "AIdiscrimination," "AI-racism," and other errors identified, which could harm humans and society. Given that, how can enterprises integrate AI into their underlying businesses, if people distrust it works flawlessly? This thesis is aimed to demystify AI and propose guidance that facilitates the integration of AI-tools into the daily operations. Research questions focus on the reliability of existing AI techniques and their implementation and the problem of users trust. It covers the latest trends in the AI domain like responsible AI and explainable AI, their ability to open "black boxes." This thesis contributes to the better comprehension of AI and computational reliability for non-specialists. It proposes a systematic approach to the integration AI-tools and draws companies attention to the significant challenges for AI adoption - the lack of users knowledge and necessity to build users trust. These aspects prevent the exploitation of AI-tools and could lead to missing business opportunities. Business leaders and entrepreneurs must take steps toward building AI-friendly culture, and include the latter problems into a digital transformation strategy which should be developed upfront tech initiatives and has to be seen interconnected with the business strategy.
Fear the Shadows of the Giants: On Secular Perturbations in Circumstellar Habitable Zones of Double Stars
Creators: name: Bazsó, Ákos
name: Pilat-Lohinger, Elke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After the detection of extrasolar planets in binary and multiple star systems questions arose about their dynamics and habitability. In this study we investigate a five-dimensional parameter space for wide binary stars with a massive planet beyond the habitable zone (HZ). Our aim is to reveal those orbital and physical parameter combinations that expose bodies in the primary star's HZ to secular perturbations. Building upon an established semi-analytical model, we combine two separate analytical models into a new one to treat the restricted four-body problem. We apply this new Combined Analytical Model (CAM) to different synthetic systems and systematically map the occurrence of secular resonances (SR). These maps are then visualized as two-dimensional sections of the parameter space. The CAM model has a median error below 3% relative to numerical reference simulations. We also derive a simplified CAM that performs well for hierarchical systems with moderate to large separations between the bodies. Our results show that SR appear in the HZ even for large secondary star distances (up to >1000 au) if either (i) the planet's distance is larger than Jupiter's, or (ii) its mass is about Saturn's or lower. Changes in the secondary star's eccentricity by stellar flybys or galactic tides can push a formerly dynamically quiet HZ to a high-eccentricity state. Based on these results we provide the easy-to-use online tool "SHaDoS" that evaluates the CAM for a given user input and traces the locations of SR in the HZ in two-dimensional parameter space plots.
description: 54 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables; accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal
Economias de Escala na Produção de Frangos de Corte no Brasil
Creators: name: Garcia, Luís Alberto Ferreira
name: Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento De Souza
name: Garcia, Luís Alberto Ferreira
name: Ferreira Filho, Joaquim Bento De Souza
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Broilers
subject: Translog Cost Function
subject: Economies of Scale
subject: Duality.

description: In this paper we estimate the parameters of a translog cost function for the broiler production activity in Brazil, to infer about scale economies in the activity. Cross-section data is used, from a survey of 229 producers in the main producing regions. Other characteristics of the producers surveyed are also discussed. Our estimates of scale economies show an optimal scale of production around 110 thousand kilos of live hens, corresponding to a 3,500 m2 plant area. The paper points to the conclusion that the optimal size of exploitation is smaller than that suggested by some processing industries. Larger scale farms would be operating with diseconomies of scale, what could generate pressures for price increases in the future. The evidence suggests also that some smallscale producers characteristics could help minimize the importance of operating under optimal scale.
Table S4. from Social support, nutrition and health among women in rural Bangladesh: complex tradeoffs in allocare, kin proximity and support network size
Creators: name: Shenk, Mary K.
name: Morse, Anne Roback
name: Mattison, Siobhán M.
name: Sear, Rebecca
name: Alam, Nurul
name: Rubhana Raqib
name: Kumar, Anjan
name: Farjana Haque
name: Blumenfield, Tami
name: Shaver, John
name: Sosis, Richard
name: Wander, Katherine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Multinomial logistic regression with iron replete as the reference category (N=677) using the iron deficiency cutpoint of TfR > 8.3 mg/l
title: Reaping the rewards of diversity at a high-tech company
Creators: name: Schwaiger, Thomas
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: diversity
subject: inclusion
subject: software development
subject: agile
subject: SCRUM
subject: team learning
subject: team process
subject: team development
subject: leadership
subject: diversity
subject: inclusion
subject: software development
subject: agile
subject: SCRUM
subject: team learning
subject: team process
subject: team development
subject: leadership

description: The aim of this thesis is to better understand the relationship of team diversity and the outcomes a team produces and the resultant performance. This is done in the context of software development teams operating in an agile framework. In particular the focus lies on identifying recommendations for practitioners to make better use of the diverse set of skills on their teams. The thesis is focused on the research question to identify the necessary strategies to harness a teams diversity to improve performance. This was studied using qualitative research methods of semi-structured interviews at a large international organisation that develops software for technical applications across architecture, engineering, manufacturing and film making. The findings of the research seem to support findings from prior studies of the diversity performance relationship, although take it deeper into the specific domain of software development. As a result, the thesis provides a number of concrete implementation strategies that practitioners can utilise to help with team cohesion and therefore harness the diverse skill set and points of view on their respective teams that can ultimately lead to increased performance. The qualitative research uncovered practical strategies, and also helped expand existing models of team process in this context. Further research could look at validating the hypothesised model also to get a better understanding of which elements have the strongest influence and should therefore become an area of focus for practitioners.
Um estudo da viabilidade de um programa de seguro agrícola baseado em um índice de produtividade regional em Castro (PR)
Creators: name: Ozaki, Vitor Augusto
name: Shirota, Ricardo
name: Ozaki, Vitor Augusto
name: Shirota, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: crop insurance
subject: systemic risk
subject: temporal correlation

description: This article studies the viability of an area-based crop insurance in Castro county, in the State of Paraná. In particular we estimate the following indexes: reduction of the systemic risk, the optimum level of coverage, the correlation between the regional and the individual yields and the impact of the level of aggregation of yields on the risk reduction. The empirical analysis was carried through for corn and soybean, in the period of 1990 the 2002, with county data and in the period of 1994 the 2003, with individual data. Results shown that area-based crop insurance could be used as a reasonable alternative to manage risk in the region, due to the fact that most producers shown a relative risk reduction.