Haurakia marmorata
Creators: name: Amati, Bruno
name: Giulio, Andrea Di
name: Oliverio, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Rissoidae
Haurakia
Haurakia marmorata

description: Haurakia marmorata (Hedley, 1907)
(Figs 21; 51A; 53H; Tables 3; 5)
Cithna marmorata Hedley, 1907: 498, pl. 18, figs 27, 28.
TYPE MATERIAL. — Syntypes. Australia • 3 dd; Queensland, Capricorn Group, Mast Head Island; 21-36.5 m (17-20 fathoms); 23-31.X.1904; C. Hedley leg.; ANSP /MC.94839. Other syntypes in ASM (Ponder 1985), where much of the original H. marmorata material is disintegrated in the tubes (Laseron 1956).
TYPE LOCALITY. — Described from Queensland, Capricorn Group, Mast Head Reef, 17-20 fathoms and from Hope Islands (south of Cooktown), 5-10 fathoms.
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Marquesas • 1 dd; Hiva Oa; 9°45’46”S, 138°52’33”W; <1 m; in coarse sand near the shore; coll. MB.
Tuamotu • 2 dd; Ana’a; 17°20’31”S, 145°30’32”W; coll. MB • 130 dd; Ana’a, Tukuhora; 17°20’41”S, 145°31’26”W; 1-2 m; lagoon; coll. JL • 103 dd; Makemo, Passe Arikitamiro; 16°37’15”S, 143°33’50”W; 1-47 m; coll. JL • 20 dd; Makemo, Passe Arikitamiro, Nake; 16°37’1”S, 143°33’43”W; <1 m; coll. JL • 84 dd; Makemo, Pouheva; 16°37’22”S, 143°35’34”W; 1 m; reef edge; coll. JL • 58 dd; Makemo, Pouheva; 16°37’22”S, 143°35’34”W; <1 m; reef edge; coll. JL • 25 dd; Raroia; 16°2’9”S, 142°28’37”W; <1 m; reef edge; coll. JL • 210 dd; Tikehau; 15°7’8”S, 148°14’45”W; reef flat; coll. JL.
Society Islands • 7 dd; Tahiti, Arue; 17°31’15”S, 149°31’33”W; <1 m; reef flat (‘platier’) behind tomb of King [Pomare V]; coll. JL • 10 dd; Tahiti, Arue, Banc du Dolphin; 17°29’49”S, 149°30’3”W; 18-20 m; coll. JL • 2 dd; Tahiti, Arue, Chenal lagon; 17°31’8”S, 149°31’51”W; 12 m; coll. JL • 2 dd; Tahiti, Arue, Matavai Bay; 17°31’15”S, 149°31’33”W; 16-27 m; coll. JL • 1 dd; Tahiti, Arue, Vaipoopo; 17°35’41”S, 149°36’50”W; <1 m; reef flat; coll. JL • 2 dd; Tahiti, Faille d’Arue; 17°31’1”S, 149°31’30”W; 18 m; coll. JL • 15 dd; Tahiti, Faille d’Arue; 17°31’1”S, 149°31’30”W; 18 m; in sediment of the outer slope; coll. MB • 5 dd; Tahiti, Hitia’a; 17°32’20”S, 149°21’36”W 0; <1 m; reef edge; coll. JL • 2 dd; Tahiti, Mahae 17°34’4”S, 149°19’11”W; <1 m; reef flat (platier frangeant); coll. JL • 10 dd; Tahiti, Mahina, Pointe Vénus; 17°29’42”S, 149°29’24”W; 1 m; coll. JL • 5 dd; Tahiti, Motu Uta; 17°31’51”S, 149°34’51”W; 20 m; wreck, behind breakwater; coll. JL • 2 dd; Tahiti, Paea; 17°41’16”S, 149°35’34”W; 20 m; coll. JL • 1 dd; Tahiti, Paea Lagoon; 17°41’16”S, 149°35’13”W; beached; beached sediment; coll. MB • 2 dd; Tahiti, Papara lagoon; 17°45’28”S, 149°31’22”W; <1 m; coastal reef flat, in coarse sand; coll. MB • 3 dd; Tahiti, Papenoo; 17°30’32”S, 149°25’58”W; 1 m; reef flat (‘platier frangeant’) of Papenoo; coll. JL • 1 dd; Tahiti, Port Phaeton, Taravao isthmus; 17°43’19”S, 149°18’10”W; beached; in the sand of the beach; coll. MB • 1 dd; Tahiti, Punaauia, La Source; 17°36’7”S, 149°37’15”W; 8-20 m; coll. JL • 2 dd; Tahiti, Tautira; 17°44’27”S, 149°9’46”W; 1-5 m; reef crest; coll. JL • 1 dd; Tahiti, Tiarei; 17°32’34”S, 149°20’27”W; <1 m; reef flat; coll. JL • 7 dd; Tahiti, Toahotu lagoon; 17°45’32”S, 149°19’4”W; beached; beached sediment; coll. MB • 1 dd; Moorea; 17°34’1”S, 149°46’58”W; 20 m; coll. JL • 8 dd; Tetiaroa; 17°1’19”S, 149°36’3”W; <1-15 m; reef edge; coll. JL.
Gambier • 27 dd; Mangareva, Rikitea; 23°7’8”S, 134°57’50”W; 1 m; coll. JL • 5 dd; Mangareva, Taku; 23°5’13”S, 134°58’11”W; 1 m; coll. JL • 6 dd; Gatavake; 23°6’50”S, 134°58’55”W- 23°6’50”S, 134°58’55”W; 1 m; coll. JL • 6 dd; Taraururoa; 23°6’25”S, 134°51’43”W; 1-3 m; coll. JL • 25 dd; Tenoko; 23°4’26”S, 135°0’35”W; 1-3 m; coll. JL • 15 dd; Totegegi; 23°5’2”S, 134°52’58”W; 1-3 m; coll. JL.
DISTRIBUTION. — Haurakia marmorata is widely distributed in the Pacific (Queensland, Australia, Hawaii, Japan, Philippines and Indonesia; Hedley 1907: 498; Kay 1979: 79; Ponder 1985: 30; Hasegawa 2000: 149; 2006: 106); Kay (1979: 79) observed that the species is common in Hawaii at depth of 3- 40 m. Over 800 specimens of this species have been isolated in the material examined from Marquesas (Hiva Oa), Tuamotu (Makemo, Ana’a, Tikehau, Raroia), Society Islands (Tahiti, Moorea, Tetiaroa), and Gambier, with empty shells collected in <1-61 m depth (Fig. 51A).
DIAGNOSIS. — Haurakia of medium size for the genus, height> 2.0 mm, ovate-conic. Protoconch multispiral. Teleoconch with dense and thin growth lines, and a more or less evident suprasutural cordlet. Non-umbilicate. Peristome subquadrangular; outer lip flexuose, anteriorly excavated, opisthocline, with a moderate varix followed by a thin extension of the lip; inner lip angled, with anterior callous fold. Colouration variable: uniform white to brown, or with different patterns. Soft parts and operculum not observed, as for the genus (see Kay 1979 and Ponder 1985).
DESCRIPTION (BASED ON POLYNESIAN SPECIMENS)
Shell (Fig. 21 A-L)
Medium for the genus, height 1.2-2.25 mm, width 0.75- 1.25 mm, height aperture 0.57-0.95, height/width ratio 1.55-1.81, rather solid, ovate-conical.
Protoconch (Fig. 21N, P, Q)
Multispiral, of 1.80-2.10 whorls, height 0.212 -0.255 mm, nucleus diameter 0.050 -0.070 mm, first half whorl diameter 0.100 - 0.150 mm, maximum diameter 0.275-0300 mm; protoconch I smooth, slightly more than half a whorl (Fig. 20P, Q); protoconch II with sinuous growth streaks and a thin suprasutural spiral cordlet (Fig. 21N, P). Protoconch-teleoconch boundary distinct and sinuous, with sinusigera notch (Fig. 21N, Q).
Teleoconch
Of 3.15-3.8 convex whorls, suture impressed, frequently slightly angled at periphery of with a weak sutural spiral cordlets (Fig. 21O). Sculpture of only growth lines, orthocline and flexuose (Fig. 21O). Umbilical fissure absent (Fig. 21O). Aperture height 0.57-0.95 mm, height/aperture height ratio 2.00-2.71; aperture simple, sub-quadrangular, posteriorly acute, anteriorly broad; inner lip thin, angled medially, with anterior callous fold (Fig. 21D); outer lip anteriorly excavated, slightly prosocline, with weak varix, followed by a thin extension of the lip.
Colour
Colourless or yellowish transparent background, with very variable pattern: uniform white to brown, or with zigzagging vertical lines, or with one or more series of white quadrangular sutural blotches, or with subsutural series of narrow vertical reddish lines, etc.
Operculum and soft parts
Not observed.
VARIABILITY
As in the rest of the range, H. marmorata shows an extreme variability in the chromatic pattern. Variation is less marked in the shell morphology, essentially in the height/width and height/aperture height ratios, and in minimum and maximum size, with the following observed ranges in adults: height 1.2-2.25 mm, width 0.75-1.25 mm, aperture height 0.57- 0.95 mm, height/width ratio 1.55-1.81, height/aperture height ratio 2.00-2.71. Specimens from the Society Islands are more vividly coloured, with variable chromatic patterns (Fig. 21 A-I). Specimens from Gambier have a colourless transparent shell (with rare exceptions of uniform white specimens) with one or more series of white quadrangular sutural blotches (Fig. 21J, K). Specimens from the Tuamotu can be divided into two distinct chromatic groups: one, very similar to specimens from the Gambier, the other with a yellowish shell, a whitish columellar area and subsutural series of narrow vertical reddish lines, often interrupted, occasionally with suprasutural quadrangular white spots (Fig. 21L) (see Table 2 and Appendix 8).
REMARKS
This species, although common and widely distributed, has been poorly represented in the recent literature (e.g. Laseron 1956: 481, figs 177, 178; Kay 1979: 78, fig. 27E, F; Ponder 1985: 131, fig. 82A-E; Hasegawa 2000: 148, pl. 74, fig. 1). Blatterer & Blatterer (2019: 246, 247) illustrated (as Pusillina sp.) a species from the Red Sea with a chromatic pattern very similar to that of some specimens of H. marmorata (cf. Fig. 21F). The Red Sea species differs from H. marmorata in the presence, albeit narrow, of an umbilical fissure, in the paucispiral protoconch (vs multispiral in H. marmorata) and in the simple aperture (without the typical abapical embayment of the outer lip).
description: Published as part of Amati, Bruno, Giulio, Andrea Di & Oliverio, Marco, 2023, Shallow-water Rissoidae of the genera Alvania Risso 1826 Haurakia Iredale 1915 Parashiela Laseron 1956 Simulamerelina Ponder 1985 and Subestea Cotton 1944 Gastropoda Caenogastropoda Rissooidea from French Polynesia with the description of a new deep-water genus, pp. 803-892 in Zoosystema 45 (25) on pages 833-834, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a25, http://zenodo.org/record/10458066