cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Consequences of using a smooth cosmic distance in a lumpy universe: I
Creators: name: Umeh, Obinna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How do we appropriately fit a model based on an idealised Friedmann-Lema\^{}tre Robertson-Walker spacetime to observations made from a single location in a lumpy Universe? We address this question for surveys that measure the imprints of the baryon acoustic oscillation in galaxy distribution and the peak apparent magnitude of the Type Ia supernova. These observables are related to the cosmological model through the Alcock-Paczyński parameters and the distance-redshift relation. Using the corresponding inhomogeneous spacetime expressions of these as observed data, we perform a parameter inference assuming that the background Friedmann-Lemaître Robertson-Walker model is the correct model of the Universe. This process allows us to estimate the best fit Hubble rate and the deceleration parameter. We find that the inferred Hubble rate from the monopole of the Alcock-Paczyński parameters is in tension with the Hubble rate determined using the distance-redshift relation. The latter gives the best fit Hubble rate for the cosmological expansion. The constraint on the Hubble rate from the Alcock-Paczyński parameters is contaminated by the environment. When the environmental contribution is restricted to modes in the Hubble flow, we find about (9-12)\% discrepancy in the Hubble rate. Finally, we comment on the insufficiency of the method of cosmography in constraining the deceleration parameter.
description: Accepted for publication by PRD
Emergence of smooth distance and apparent magnitude in a lumpy Universe
Creators: name: Umeh, Obinna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard interpretation of observations such as the peak apparent magnitude of Type Ia supernova made from one location in a lumpy Universe is based on the idealised Friedmann-Lemaître Robertson-Walker spacetime. All possible corrections to this model due to inhomogeneities are usually neglected. Here, we use the result from the recent concise derivation of the area distance in an inhomogeneous universe to study the monopole and Hubble residual of the apparent magnitude of Type Ia supernovae. We find that at low redshifts, the background FLRW spacetime model of the apparent magnitude receives corrections due to relative velocity perturbation in the observed redshift. We show how this velocity perturbation could contribute to a variance in the Hubble residual and how it could impact the calibration of the absolute magnitude of the Type Ia supernova in the Hubble flow. We also show that it could resolve the tension in the determination of the Hubble rate from the baryon acoustic oscillation and local measurements.
description: Version accepted for publication by CQG
Stars and Reionization: The Cross-Correlation of the 21cm Line and the Near Infrared Background
Creators: name: Fernandez, Elizabeth R.
name: Zaroubi, Saleem
name: Iliev, Ilian T.
name: Mellema, Garrelt
name: Jelic, Vibor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With improving telescopes, it may now be possible to observe the Epoch of Reionization in multiple ways. We examine two of these observables - the excess light in the near-infrared background that may be due to high redshift stars and ionized HII bubbles, and the 21 cm emission from neutral hydrogen. Because these two forms of emission should result from different, mutually exclusive regions, an anticorrelation should exist between them. We discuss the strengths of using cross-correlations between these observations to learn more about high redshift star formation and reionization history. In particular, we create simulated maps of emission from both the near-infrared background and 21 cm emission. We find that these observations are anticorrelated, with the strongest anticorrelation originating from times when the universe is half ionized. This result is robust and does not depend on the properties of the stars themselves. Rather, it depends on the ionization history. Cross-correlations can provide redshift information, which the near-infrared background cannot provide alone. In addition, cross-correlations can help separate foreground emission from the true high redshift component, making it possible to say with greater certainty that we are indeed witnessing the Epoch of Reionization.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted to MNRAS, minor changes, matches accepted version
Across the Watershed, Spring 2005
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: The Great Swamp Watershed Association
Year: 2005

description: This is the quarterly publication of the Great Swamp Watershed Association (GSWA), a nonprofit watershed association working to protect the ecological, historic, and cultural integrity of the Great Swamp and its watershed. Articles in this issue include: Do the Swamp Thing 2005, Fifth Annual Celebration of the Swamp; Great Swamp's Most Polluted Stream; Swamp Watch;and Kirby Property Acquisition.
Multivariate Time Series Forecasting with Dynamic Graph Neural ODEs
Creators: name: Jin, Ming
name: Zheng, Yu
name: Li, Yuan-Fang
name: Chen, Siheng
name: Yang, Bin
name: Pan, Shirui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multivariate time series forecasting has long received significant attention in real-world applications, such as energy consumption and traffic prediction. While recent methods demonstrate good forecasting abilities, they have three fundamental limitations. (i) Discrete neural architectures: Interlacing individually parameterized spatial and temporal blocks to encode rich underlying patterns leads to discontinuous latent state trajectories and higher forecasting numerical errors. (ii) High complexity: Discrete approaches complicate models with dedicated designs and redundant parameters, leading to higher computational and memory overheads. (iii) Reliance on graph priors: Relying on predefined static graph structures limits their effectiveness and practicability in real-world applications. In this paper, we address all the above limitations by proposing a continuous model to forecast $\textbf{M}$ultivariate $\textbf{T}$ime series with dynamic $\textbf{G}$raph neural $\textbf{O}$rdinary $\textbf{D}$ifferential $\textbf{E}$quations ($\texttt{MTGODE}$). Specifically, we first abstract multivariate time series into dynamic graphs with time-evolving node features and unknown graph structures. Then, we design and solve a neural ODE to complement missing graph topologies and unify both spatial and temporal message passing, allowing deeper graph propagation and fine-grained temporal information aggregation to characterize stable and precise latent spatial-temporal dynamics. Our experiments demonstrate the superiorities of $\texttt{MTGODE}$ from various perspectives on five time series benchmark datasets.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables
Tracking the Mn diffusion in the carbon-supported nanoparticles through the collaborative analysis of atom probe and evaporation simulation
Creators: name: Jung, Chanwon
name: Jun, Hosun
name: Jang, Kyuseon
name: Kim, Se-Ho
name: Choi, Pyuck-Pa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon-supported nanoparticles have been used widely as efficient catalysts due to their enhanced surface-to-volume ratio. To investigate their structure-property relationships, acquiring 3D elemental distribution is highly required. Here, the carbon-supported Pt, PtMn alloy, and ordered Pt3Mn nanoparticles are synthesized and analyzed with atom probe tomography as model systems. The significant difference of Mn distribution after the heat-treatment was found. Finally, the field evaporation behavior of the carbon support was discussed and each acquired reconstruction was compared with computational results from the evaporation simulation. This paper provides a guideline for studies using atom probe tomography on the heterogeneous carbon-nanoparticle system that leads to insights toward to a wide application in carbon-supported nano-catalysts.
SPHGal: Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics with improved accuracy for Galaxy simulations
Creators: name: Hu, Chia-Yu
name: Naab, Thorsten
name: Walch, Stefanie
name: Moster, Benjamin P.
name: Oser, Ludwig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics implementation SPHGal, which combines some recently proposed improvements in GADGET. This includes a pressure-entropy formulation with a Wendland kernel, a higher order estimate of velocity gradients, a modified artificial viscosity switch with a modified strong limiter, and artificial conduction of thermal energy. With a series of idealized hydrodynamic tests we show that the pressure-entropy formulation is ideal for resolving fluid mixing at contact discontinuities but performs conspicuously worse at strong shocks due to the large entropy discontinuities. Including artificial conduction at shocks greatly improves the results. In simulations of Milky Way like disk galaxies a feedback-induced instability develops if too much artificial viscosity is introduced. Our modified artificial viscosity scheme prevents this instability and shows efficient shock capturing capability. We also investigate the star formation rate and the galactic outflow. The star formation rates vary slightly for different SPH schemes while the mass loading is sensitive to the SPH scheme and significantly reduced in our favored implementation. We compare the accretion behavior of the hot halo gas. The formation of cold blobs, an artifact of simple SPH implementations, can be eliminated efficiently with proper fluid mixing, either by conduction and/or by using a pressure-entropy formulation.
description: Replaced with the version accepted by MNRAS
Defining the quantum workforce landscape: a review of global quantum education initiatives
Creators: name: Kaur, Maninder
name: Venegas-Gomez, Araceli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid advances in quantum technology have exacerbated the shortage of a diverse, inclusive, and sustainable quantum workforce. National governments and industries are developing strategies for education, training, and workforce development to accelerate the commercialization of quantum technologies. In this paper, we report the existing state of the quantum workforce as well as several learning pathways to nurture the talent pipeline between academia and industry. We provide a comprehensive guide of various educational initiatives accessible throughout the world, such as online courses, conferences, seminars, games, and community-focused networks, that facilitate quantum training and upskill the talent needed to develop a better quantum future.
description: 35 pages, 6 figures
Search for invisible decays of Higgs bosons in the vector boson fusion and associated ZH production modes
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for invisible decays of Higgs bosons is performed using the vector boson fusion and associated ZH production modes. In the ZH mode, the Z boson is required to decay to a pair of charged leptons or a b b-bar quark pair. The searches use the 8 TeV pp collision dataset collected by the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 19.7 inverse femtobarns. Certain channels include data from 7 TeV collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 inverse femtobarns. The searches are sensitive to non-standard-model invisible decays of the recently observed Higgs boson, as well as additional Higgs bosons with similar production modes and large invisible branching fractions. In all channels, the observed data are consistent with the expected standard model backgrounds. Limits are set on the production cross section times invisible branching fraction, as a function of the Higgs boson mass, for the vector boson fusion and ZH production modes. By combining all channels, and assuming standard model Higgs boson cross sections and acceptances, the observed (expected) upper limit on the invisible branching fraction at m[H] = 125 GeV is found to be 0.58 (0.44) at 95% confidence level. We interpret this limit in terms of a Higgs-portal model of dark matter interactions.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Exact Slope and Interpolating Functions in ABJM Theory
Creators: name: Gromov, Nikolay
name: Sizov, Grigory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Quantum Spectral Curve approach we compute exactly an observable (called slope function) in the planar ABJM theory in terms of an unknown interpolating function h(λ) which plays the role of the coupling in any integrability based calculation in this theory. We verified our results with known weak coupling expansion in the gauge theory and with the results of semi-classical string calculations. Quite surprisingly at strong coupling the result is given by an explicit rational function of h(λ) to all orders. By comparing the structure of our result with that of an exact localization-based calculation for a similar observable in JHEP 1006 (2010) 011 we conjecture an exact expression for h(λ).
description: 5 pages, 1 figure; v3: references added, typos fixed
QED effects on phase transition and Ruppeiner geometry of Euler-Heisenberg-AdS black holes
Creators: name: Ye, Xu
name: Chen, Zi-Qing
name: Li, Ming-Da
name: Wei, Shao-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Taking the quantum electrodynamics (QED) effect into account, we study the black hole phase transition and Ruppeiner geometry for the Euler-Heisenberg anti-de Sitter black hole in the extended phase space. For negative and small positive QED parameter, we observe a small/large black hole phase transition and reentrant phase transition, respectively. While a large positive value of the QED parameter ruins the phase transition. The phase diagrams for each case are explicitly exhibited. Then we construct the Ruppeiner geometry in the thermodynamic parameter space. Different features of the corresponding scalar curvature are shown for both the small/large black hole phase transition and reentrant phase transition cases. Of particular interest is that an additional region of positive scalar curvature indicating dominated repulsive interaction among black hole microstructure is present for the black hole with a small positive QED parameter. Furthermore, the universal critical phenomena are also observed for the scalar curvature of the Ruppeiner geometry. These results indicate that the QED parameter has a crucial influence on the black hole phase transition and microstructure.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures
Su bebe come el pescado que usted come!
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)
Year: 2002

description: This brief pamplet serves as a simple guide to safer fish consumption from recreational fishing in New Jersey.  It emphasizes the importance of eating only safe fish for pregnant women, nursing women and mothers feeding children.  Illustrations are provided for fish which are unsafe for eating, as well as for safer preparation and cooking methods for other fish.  Available in English and Spanish.
The elemental composition of the Sun I. The intermediate mass elements Na to Ca
Creators: name: Scott, Pat
name: Grevesse, Nicolas
name: Asplund, Martin
name: Sauval, A. Jacques
name: Lind, Karin
name: Takeda, Yoichi
name: Collet, Remo
name: Trampedach, Regner
name: Hayek, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The composition of the Sun is an essential piece of reference data for astronomy, cosmology, astroparticle, space and geo-physics. This article, dealing with the intermediate-mass elements Na to Ca, is the first in a series describing the comprehensive re-determination of the solar composition. In this series we severely scrutinise all ingredients of the analysis across all elements, to obtain the most accurate, homogeneous and reliable results possible. We employ a highly realistic 3D hydrodynamic solar photospheric model, which has successfully passed an arsenal of observational diagnostics. To quantify systematic errors, we repeat the analysis with three 1D hydrostatic model atmospheres (MARCS, MISS and Holweger & Müller 1974) and a horizontally and temporally-averaged version of the 3D model ($\langle$3D$\rangle$). We account for departures from LTE wherever possible. We have scoured the literature for the best transition probabilities, partition functions, hyperfine and other data, and stringently checked all observed profiles for blends. Our final 3D+NLTE abundances are: $\logε_{\mathrm{Na}}=6.21\pm0.04$, $\logε_{\mathrm{Mg}}=7.59\pm0.04$, $\logε_{\mathrm{Al}}=6.43\pm0.04$, $\logε_{\mathrm{Si}}=7.51\pm0.03$, $\logε_{\mathrm{P}}=5.41\pm0.03$, $\log ε_{\mathrm{S}}=7.13\pm0.03$, $\logε_{\mathrm{K}}=5.04\pm0.05$ and $\logε_{\mathrm{Ca}}=6.32\pm0.03$. The uncertainties include both statistical and systematic errors. Our results are systematically smaller than most previous ones with the 1D semi-empirical Holweger & Müller model. The $\langle$3D$\rangle$ model returns abundances very similar to the full 3D calculations. This analysis provides a complete description and a slight update of the Na to Ca results presented in Asplund, Grevesse, Sauval & Scott (arXiv:0909.0948), with full details of all lines and input data.
description: 7 figures, 14 pages + 5 online-only pages of tables and an appendix. v2. Matches version accepted by A&A
Fine-Tuning in the 2HDM
Creators: name: Bernal, A.
name: Casas, J. A.
name: Moreno, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Two-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) is one of the most popular and natural extensions of the Higgs sector; but it has two potential fine-tuning problems, related to the electroweak (EW) breaking and the requirement of alignment with the SM Higgs boson. We have quantified the fine-tunings obtaining analytical expressions, both in terms of the initial 2HDM parameters and the physical ones (masses, mixing angles, etc.). We also provide simple approximate expressions. We have taken into account that the fine-tunings are not independent and removed the "double counting" by projecting the variations of the alignment onto the constant-${\rm v}^2$ hypersurface. The EW and the alignment fine-tunings become severe in different, even opposite, regions of the parameter space, namely in the regimes of large and small extra-Higgs masses, respectively; emerging an intermediate region, $500\ {\rm GeV} \leq \{m_H, m_A, m_{H^\pm}\} \leq 700\ {\rm GeV}$, where both are acceptably small. We also discuss a remarkable trend that is not obvious at first glance. Namely, for large $\tanβ$ both the EW and the alignment fine-tunings become mitigated. In consequence, the 2HDM becomes quite natural for $\tanβ\geq {\cal O} (10)$, even if $m_H, m_A, m_{H^\pm}$ are as large as 1500 GeV. We explain why this is not the case for the 2HDM stemming from supersymmetry. We have illustrated all these trends by numerically analyzing several representative scenarios.
New Jersey Shore Opinion Study About Off Shore Wind Turbines
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Lieberman Research Group
Year: 2006

description: This study reports shore residents' and shore tourists' opinions about wind turbine placement on the New Jersey coastline. It finds that a majority of people are in favor of the project by a margin of better than 2 to 1. Determining variables in the outcome of this study are the distance of wind turbines from the shore, people's familiarity with the wind turbine concept, esthestics, and location. Distance from the shoreline is the most important variable for those in favor of the project. Familiarity with the wind turbine concept also correlates with a greater acceptance of the project. Finally, 72% of visitors would continue to visit if the wind turbines were located off shore.
A High-Frequency Doppler Feature in the Power Spectra of Simulated GRMHD Black Hole Accretion Disks
Creators: name: Wellons, Sarah
name: Zhu, Yucong
name: Psaltis, Dimitrios
name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: McClintock, Jeffrey E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole binaries exhibit a wide range of variability phenomena, from large-scale state changes to broadband noise and quasi-periodic oscillations, but the physical nature of much of this variability is poorly understood. We examine the variability properties of three GRMHD simulations of thin accretion disks around black holes of varying spin, producing light curves and power spectra as would be seen by observers. We find that the simulated power spectra show a broad feature at high frequency, which increases in amplitude with the inclination of the observer. We show that this high-frequency feature is a product of the Doppler effect and that its location is a function of the mass and spin of the black hole. This Doppler feature demonstrates that power spectral properties of the accretion disk can be tied to, and potentially used to determine, physical properties of the black hole.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted to ApJ
On-chip generation and dynamic piezo-optomechanical rotation of single photons
Creators: name: Bühler, Dominik D.
name: Weiß, Matthias
name: Crespo-Poveda, Antonio
name: Nysten, Emeline D. S.
name: Finley, Jonathan J.
name: Müller, Kai
name: Santos, Paulo V.
name: Lima, Mauricio M. de
name: Krenner, Hubert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrated photonic circuits are key components for photonic quantum technologies and for the implementation of chip-based quantum devices. Future applications demand flexible architectures to overcome common limitations of many current devices, for instance the lack of tuneabilty or built-in quantum light sources. Here, we report on a dynamically reconfigurable integrated photonic circuit comprising integrated quantum dots (QDs), a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducers directly fabricated on a monolithic semiconductor platform. We demonstrate on-chip single photon generation by the QD and its sub-nanosecond dynamic on-chip control. Two independently applied SAWs piezo-optomechanically rotate the single photon in the MZI or spectrally modulate the QD emission wavelength. In the MZI, SAWs imprint a time-dependent optical phase and modulate the qubit rotation to the output superposition state. This enables dynamic single photon routing with frequencies exceeding one gigahertz. Finally, the combination of the dynamic single photon control and spectral tuning of the QD realizes wavelength multiplexing of the input photon state and demultiplexing it at the output. Our approach is scalable to multi-component integrated quantum photonic circuits and is compatible with hybrid photonic architectures and other key components for instance photonic resonators or on-chip detectors.
Pulse-echo speed-of-sound imaging using convex probes
Creators: name: Jaeger, Michael
name: Stähli, Patrick
name: Martiartu, Naiara Korta
name: Yolgunlu, Parisa Salemi
name: Frappart, Thomas
name: Fraschini, Christophe
name: Frenz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computed ultrasound tomography in echo mode (CUTE) is a new ultrasound (US)-based medical imaging modality with promise for diagnosing various types of disease based on the tissue's speed of sound (SoS). It is developed for conventional pulse-echo US using handheld probes and can thus be implemented in state-of-the-art medical US systems. One promising application is the quantification of the liver fat fraction in fatty liver disease. So far, CUTE was demonstrated using linear array probes where the imaging depth is comparable to the aperture size. For liver imaging, however, convex probes are preferred since they provide a larger penetration depth and a wider view angle allowing to capture a large area of the liver. With the goal of liver imaging in mind, we adapt CUTE to convex probes, with a special focus on discussing strategies that make use of the convex geometry in order to make our implementation computationally efficient. We then demonstrate in an abdominal imaging phantom that accurate quantitative SoS using convex probes is feasible, in spite of the smaller aperture size in relation to the image area compared to linear arrays. A preliminary in vivo result of liver imaging confirms this outcome, but also indicates that deep quantitative imaging in the real liver can be more challenging, probably due to the increased complexity of the tissue compared to phantoms.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Milk Pricing
Creators: name: Manchester, Alden C.
name: Manchester, Alden C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Demand and Price Analysis

description: Excerpt from the report Introduction: Over the past 100 years, a complex pricing system has evolved to deal with the problems of coordinating, pricing, and distributing milk. All the various government and private institutions making up the system are designed to work together to insure that the public gets the milk it wants, while the dairy farmer gets the returns he needs to stay in business. The very complexity of the system, however, has baffled many and led to numerous misconceptions. This report aims to help dispel these misconceptions by explaining how the pricing structure is set up and how it works
The Jersey Sierran, Vol. 33, No. 4, October-December 2004
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Chapter of The Sierra Club
Year: 2004

description: This is the quarterly newsletter of the New Jersey Chapter of The Sierra Club. This October-December 2004 issue includes articles on Governor McGreevey's environmental record, information on local Sierra Club elections, an article on Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, and another on Ecuador, information about Club-sponsored singles hikes, news from local Sierra Club groups around the state, planned outings from October to December 2004, and much more.
M2-branes and $\mathfrak{q}$-Painlevé equations
Creators: name: Bonelli, Giulio
name: Globlek, Fran
name: Kubo, Naotaka
name: Nosaka, Tomoki
name: Tanzini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate a novel connection between the effective theory of M2-branes on $(\mathbb{C}^2/\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{C}^2/\mathbb{Z}_2)/\mathbb{Z}_k$ and the $\mathfrak{q}$-deformed Painlevé equations, by proposing that the grand canonical partition function of the corresponding four-nodes circular quiver $\mathcal{N}=4$ Chern-Simons matter theory solves the $\mathfrak{q}$-Painlevé VI equation. We analyse how this describes the moduli space of the topological string on local $\text{dP}_5$ and, via geometric engineering, five dimensional $N_f=4$ $\text{SU}(2)$ $\mathcal{N}=1$ gauge theory on a circle. The results we find extend the known relation between ABJM theory, $\mathfrak{q}$-Painlevé $\text{III}_3$, and topological strings on local ${\mathbb P}^1\times{\mathbb P}^1$. From the mathematical viewpoint the quiver Chern-Simons theory provides a conjectural Fredholm determinant realisation of the $\mathfrak{q}$-Painlevé VI $τ$-function. We provide evidence for this proposal by analytic and numerical checks and discuss in detail the successive decoupling limits down to $N_f=0$, corresponding to $\mathfrak{q}$-Painlevé$\,\,$III${}_3$.
description: 63 pages, 7 figures
The Fair Distribution of Power to Electric Vehicles: An Alternative to Pricing
Creators: name: Zhou, Yingjie
name: Maxemchuk, Nicholas
name: Qian, Xiangying
name: Wang, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: As the popularity of electric vehicles increases, the demand for more power can increase more rapidly than our ability to install additional generating capacity. In the long term we expect that the supply and demand will become balanced. However, in the interim the rate at which electric vehicles can be deployed will depend on our ability to charge these vehicles without inconveniencing their owners. In this paper, we investigate using fairness mechanisms to distribute power to electric vehicles on a smart grid. We assume that during peak demand there is insufficient power to charge all the vehicles simultaneously. In each five minute interval of time we select a subset of the vehicles to charge, based upon information about the vehicles. We evaluate the selection mechanisms using published data on the current demand for electric power as a function of time of day, current driving habits for commuting, and the current rates at which electric vehicles can be charged on home outlets. We found that conventional selection strategies, such as first-come-first-served or round robin, may delay a significant fraction of the vehicles by more than two hours, even when the total available power over the course of a day is two or three times the power required by the vehicles. However, a selection mechanism that minimizes the maximum delay can reduce the delays to a few minutes, even when the capacity available for charging electric vehicles exceeds their requirements by as little as 5%.
description: accepted in IEEE Smartgridcomm'14
The evolution of cooperation in the public goods game on the scale-free community networks under multiple strategy updating rules
Creators: name: Zhang, Mingzhen
name: Yang, Naiding
name: Zhu, Xianglin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Social networks have a scale-free property and community structure, and many problems in life have the characteristic of public goods, such as resource shortage. Due to different preferences of individuals, there exist individuals who adopt heterogeneous strategies updating rules in the network. We investigate the evolution of cooperation in the scale-free community network with public goods games and the influence of multiple strategy updating rules. Here, two types of strategy updating rules are considered which are pairwise comparison rules and aspiration-driven rules. Numerical simulations are conducted and presented corresponding results. We find that community structure promotes the emergence of cooperation in public goods games. In the meantime, there is a "U" shape relationship between the frequency of cooperators and the proportion of the two strategy updating rules. With the variance in the proportion of the two strategy updating rules, pairwise comparison rules seem to be more sensitive. Compared with aspiration-driven rules, pairwise comparison rules play a more important role in promoting cooperation. Our work may be helpful to understand the evolution of cooperation in social networks.
description: 6 figures, 11 pages
Emergent de Sitter Cosmology Near Black Hole Horizon
Creators: name: Rasulian, Ida M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an effective model for an exponentially expanding universe in the brane-world scenario. The setup consists of a 5D black hole and a brane close to the black hole horizon. In case the brane acquires a specific configuration, which we deduce from stability arguments, the induced metric outside the black hole horizon on the brane becomes de Sitter in static coordinates. Studying the Einstein equations perturbatively we find the effective gravity on the brane at this level and derive the 4D gravitational constant. Considering a homogeneous and isotropic fluid in the corresponding FLRW coordinates we find that the bulk fluid density below the brane, which has the same equation of state as the fluid on the brane, contributes to the energy density in the Friedmann equation and therefore in late time may be attributed to dark matter. Studying the stability of the setup we observe that the brane becomes stabilized, in the presence of matter on the brane, with a de Sitter length that is qualitatively of the order of Schwarzschild radius of the universe due to matter. We briefly discuss effects that can bound the de Sitter lifetime. In particular, this model can provide a lifetime compatible with Trans-Planckian Censorship conjecture for the current de Sitter phase.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure, Updated with content matching the published version
Pseudo-goldstino and electroweak gauginos at the LHC
Creators: name: Hikasa, Ken-ichi
name: Liu, Tao
name: Wang, Lin
name: Yang, Jin Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multi-sector SUSY breaking predicts the existence of pseudo-goldstino, which could couple more strongly to visible fields than ordinary gravitino. Then the lightest neutralino and chargino can decay into a pseudo-goldstino plus a Z-boson, Higgs boson or W-boson. In this note we perform a Monte Carlo simulation for the direct productions of the lightest neutralino and chargino followed by the decays to pseudo-goldstino. Considering scenarios with higgsino-like, bino-like or wino-like lightest neutralino, we find that the signal-to-background ratio at the high luminosity LHC is between 6% and 25% and the statistical significance can be above 5-sigma.
description: Version in JHEP (LHC-8 results and discussions added)
The classification and curvature of biquotients of the form $Sp(3)//Sp(1)^2$
Creators: name: DeVito, Jason
name: DeYeso, Robert
name: Ruddy, Michael
name: Wesner, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show there are precisely 15 inhomogeneous biquotients of the form $Sp(3)// Sp(1)^2$ and show that at least 8 of them admit metrics of quasi-positive curvature.
description: Final version. To appear in Ann. Glob. Anal. and Geo
Investigation of Indoor Air Sources of VOC Contamination; Final report, Year 2
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Environemntal and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, RWJMS/UMDNJ
Year: 2006

description: The indoor air quality in buildings overlying groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may deteriorate if soil gas containing VOCs enters the home, a phenomenon known as vapor intrusion. The NJDEP Site Remediation Program has experienced a dramatic increase in the number of cases requiring evaluation of this exposure pathway as awareness of its existence has increased. However, several groundwater contaminants of concern may also have indoor sources, which complicate efforts to determine whether vapor intrusion from exterior contaminant sources is occurring. It is therefore necessary, when indoor concentrations are measured, to understand the background levels of these VOCs in indoor air and to separate indoor sources from groundwater contributions so that a proper remediation plan can be put in place if a risk assessment of the indoor air concentrations indicates that the concentrations should be lowered. Most reports of indoor air concentrations have been determined for homes in urban settings, while ground water contamination can also occur in suburban and rural areas. In addition, not all Volatile Organic Compounds that can contaminate ground water have been reported in previous study. The current study was undertaken to determine what volatile compounds are present in the air in suburban and rural homes in NJ and evaluate many more compounds than have been reported previously.
2005 Summary of Statemap Geologic Mapping Program in New Jersey
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), New Jersey Geological Survey and U.S.G.S Geologic Mapping Program Office
Year: 2005

description: STATEMAP-funded geologic mapping in New Jersey provides basic data needed to address a number of significant public issues. This report shows federal and state dollars spent on different mapping projects within certain regions in New Jersey, from 1993 to 2005.
Naturalness and the Weak Gravity Conjecture
Creators: name: Cheung, Clifford
name: Remmen, Grant N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The weak gravity conjecture (WGC) is an ultraviolet consistency condition asserting that an Abelian force requires a state of charge $q$ and mass $m$ with $q>m/m_{\rm Pl}$. We generalize the WGC to product gauge groups and study its tension with the naturalness principle for a charged scalar coupled to gravity. Reconciling naturalness with the WGC either requires a Higgs phase or a low cutoff at $Λ\sim q m_{\rm Pl}$. If neither applies, one can construct simple models that forbid a natural electroweak scale and whose observation would rule out the naturalness principle.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Discussion of EFT cutoffs added. Text rearranged/shortened for publication in PRL
Hydrodynamic signatures and spectral properties of the quantum vortex
Creators: name: Braz, João E. H.
name: Ribeiro, P.
name: Terças, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the low-lying excitations of a quantum vortex in a quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) using the standard definition of the density of states (DOS) and a modified version that is sensitive to complementary aspects of the excitation's spectrum. The latter proves to be particularly relevant to studying the polaronic state realized when an impurity is embedded in a quantum vortex. We establish that the impurity becomes sensitive to the transversal fluctuations of the vortex, via its remnant kelvon mode, and to the phase fluctuations of the BEC Nambu-Goldstone mode. The presence of the vortex yields an anomalous excitation spectrum with a finite energy gap and non-linear DOS at low energies. We find that the high sensitivity of the kelvon mode to external potentials provides a channel of quantum-level control over impurities trapped in a vortex. This extra control channel may be of practical use for the proposal of using vortex-trapped impurities as qubit units for quantum information processing.
description: (v. 2) Changes in the language and structure of the abstract, introduction and conclusion; minimal change in the title. Typos corrected; slight change in nomenclature (incl. figures) in the main body of the text. References added
A Monte Carlo Method for Rayleigh Scattering in Liquid Detectors
Creators: name: Yu, Miao
name: Wu, Wenjie
name: Ding, Yayun
name: Liu, Qian
name: Ren, Feng
name: Zhang, Zhenyu
name: Zhou, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new Monte Carlo method has been implemented to describe the angular and polarization distributions of anisotropic liquids, like water and linear alkylbenzene, by considering orientational fluctuations of polarizability tensors. The scattered light of anisotropic liquids is depolarized with an angular distribution of $1+(1-ρ_v)/(1+3ρ_v)\cos^2θ$, which is modified by the depolarization ratio $ρ_v$. A standalone experiment has validated the simulation results of LAB. The new method can provide more accurate knowledge on light propagation in large liquid detectors, which is beneficial to the developments of reconstruction for detectors.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
On distinguishability distillation and dilution exponents
Creators: name: Wilde, Mark M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note, I define error exponents and strong converse exponents for the tasks of distinguishability distillation and dilution. These are counterparts to the one-shot distillable distinguishability and the one-shot distinguishability cost, as previously defined in the resource theory of asymmetric distinguishability. I show that they can be evaluated by semi-definite programming, establish a number of their properties, bound them using Renyi relative entropies, and relate them to each other.
description: v2: 29 pages, minor changes, published in Quantum Information Processing
Cosmic Censorship Conjecture revisited: Covariantly
Creators: name: Hamid, Aymen I. M.
name: Goswami, Rituparno
name: Maharaj, Sunil D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the dynamics of the trapped region using a frame independent semi-tetrad covariant formalism for general Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS) class II spacetimes. We covariantly prove some important geometrical results for the apparent horizon, and state the necessary and sufficient conditions for a singularity to be locally naked. These conditions bring out, for the first time in a quantitative and transparent manner, the importance of the Weyl curvature in deforming and delaying the trapped region during continual gravitational collapse, making the central singularity locally visible.
description: Minor changes in the text, the version matches the published version
A new chaotic image encryption algorithm based on transversals in a Latin square
Creators: name: Shen, Honglian
name: Shan, Xiuling
name: Tian, Zihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There are some good combinatorial structures suitable for image encryption. In this study, a new chaotic image encryption algorithm based on transversals in a Latin square is proposed. By means of an n-transversal of a Latin square, we can permutate an image data group by group for the first time, then use two Latin squares for auxiliary diffusion on the basis of a chaotic sequence, finally make use of a pair of orthogonal Latin squares to do the second scrambling. As a whole, the encryption process of "scrambling-diffusion-scrambling" is formed. The experimental results indicate that this algorithm achieves a secure and fast encryption effect. The final information entropy is very close to 8, and the correlation coefficient is approximate to 0. All these tests verify the robustness and practicability of this proposed algorithm.
description: added one reference for section 1, corrected the first author's name in Metadata, added the author's name in reference [28]
New Jersey Floodplain News, Issue 1
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Association for Floodplain Management
Year: 2007

description: New Jersey Floodplain News, which is published bi-annually, is the newsletter for the New Jersey Association for Floodplain Management (NJAFM). The newsletter provides information on flooding, while advocating sound floodplain management in New Jersey. Highlights in this inaugural issue include a report on the problem of repetitive loss in New Jersey; Comments to the NJDEP on Proposed Flood Hazard Area Control Act Rules; Inundation Mapping in Somerset County; and a report from the New Jersey Governor's Flood Mitigation Task Force.
Charge-state dependent vibrational relaxation in a single-molecule junction
Creators: name: Bian, Xinya
name: Chen, Zhixin
name: Sowa, Jakub K.
name: Evangeli, Charalambos
name: Limburg, Bart
name: Swett, Jacob L.
name: Baugh, Jonathan
name: Briggs, G. Andrew D.
name: Anderson, Harry L.
name: Mol, Jan A.
name: Thomas, James O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom strongly influences molecular charge transport. Herein, we report on transport through a porphyrin dimer molecule, weakly coupled to graphene electrodes, that displays sequential tunneling within the Coulomb-blockade regime. The sequential transport is initiated by current-induced phonon absorption and proceeds by rapid sequential transport via a non-equilibrium vibrational distribution. We demonstrate this is possible only when the vibrational dissipation is slow relative to sequential tunneling rates, and obtain a lower bound for the vibrational relaxation time of 8 ns, a value that is dependent on the molecular charge state.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures