cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Kinetics and mechanism of phase-transfer catalysed fluorination
Creators: name: Gao, Yuan
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: kinetics
subject: mechanism
subject: heterogeneous reaction
subject: NMR spectroscopy
subject: device

description: Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) enormously enhances the reaction rate between reagents located in immiscible phases. The main advantages of PTC are mild reaction conditions, inexpensive reagents, and simple work-up, which lead to the possibility of large-scale production, and make PTC appealing to industrial applications. However, due to the inherent challenges associated with monitoring a heterogeneous system in situ, there is a lack of mechanistic investigation on PTC and most of the efficient phase-transfer catalysts have been developed by trial and error, which restricts their applications. To address this, a plunger-based in-situ mixing device has been designed and developed, which is portable and can be easily adapted to any NMR spectrometer to enable in-situ reaction monitoring of heterogeneous reaction that requires agitation. The effect of key parameters, such as plunger type, mixing speed and settling time on the mixing efficiency and spectral resolution was explored to guide the selection of optimum settings. The robustness of this system was demonstrated by measuring the kinetics for a range of reactions and comparison of these with that obtained by conventional ex-situ monitoring method. The reaction mechanism of a novel phase-transfer catalysed asymmetric nucleophilic fluorination developed by the Gouverneur group in 2018 has then been investigated using extensive reaction monitoring by both in-situ and ex-situ 19F NMR spectroscopy followed by kinetic modelling. Formation of substrate-alkylated catalyst was identified and supported by degradation experiment and ESI-MS. Its catalytic activity varied between catalysts. Two pathways of fluorine delivery were identified, and incorporation of both was essential to correctly simulate the reaction evolution from low to high catalyst loadings. The rate of ionisation of substrate, β-bromosulfide, was measured by magnetisation transfer, and both catalysts were found to accelerate this process by more than two orders of magnitude. The fluorination of β-chloramine was enabled by the same type of catalyst. Its mechanism has been explored using similar approaches and compared with that of β-bromosulfide. In this case, the formation of substrate-alkylated catalyst was much less pronounced, the catalysts had negligible effects on the rate of ionisation of substrate, and a simpler catalytic cycle has been proposed. Understanding these fluorinations provides useful insights for further optimisation of catalysts and mechanistic studies of similar reactions. Furthermore, the development of the mixing device will promote mechanistic investigations of PTC reactions in general.
Stability of discrete-time conewise linear inclusions and switched linear systems
Creators: name: Shen, Jinglai
name: Hu, Jianghai
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2010
Subjects: Asymptotic stability
Control systems
Large-scale systems
Linear systems
Lyapunov method
Robots
Stability analysis
Stability criteria
Switched systems
Utility programs

description: Proceedings of the 2010 American Control Conference, 30 June 2010 - 02 July 2010, Baltimore, MD, USA
description: This paper addresses the stability of discrete-time conewise linear inclusions (CLIs) and its connection with that of switched linear systems (SLSs). The CLIs form a class of switched linear systems subject to state dependent switchings. Strong and weak stability concepts of the CLIs are considered and the equivalence of asymptotic and exponential stability is established. To characterize stability of the CLIs, a Lyapunov framework is developed and a converse Lyapunov theorem is obtained. Furthermore, stability of general SLSs is studied and is shown to be closely related to that of the CLIs through a family of properly defined generating functions.
Symbionts with Secrets: What We Have Learned from Avian Feather Mites
Creators: name: Krajcir, Kevin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract of conference poster on Symbionts with Secrets: What We Have Learned from Avian Feather Mites by Kevin Krajcir of Arkansas State University Hot Springs, AR United States for SPNHC2022 Conference, Edinburgh. June 5-10th 2022.
A generating function approach to the stability of discrete-time switched linear systems
Creators: name: Hu, Jianghai
name: Shen, Jinglai
name: Zhang, Wei
Publisher: name: ACM
Year: 2010

description: HSCC '10: Proceedings of the 13th ACM international conference on Hybrid systems: computation and control, Stockholm Sweden, April 12 - 15, 2010
description: Exponential stability of switched linear systems under both arbitrary and proper switching is studied through two suitably defined families of functions called the strong and the weak generating functions. Various properties of the generating functions are established. It is found that the radii of convergence of the generating functions characterize the exponential growth rate of the trajectories of the switched linear systems. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of the systems are derived based on these radii of convergence. Numerical algorithms for computing estimates of the generating functions are proposed and examples are presented for illustration purpose.
Control of a dumbbell spacecraft using attitude and shape control inputs only
Creators: name: Sanyal, A.K.
name: Shen, J.
name: McClamroch, N.H.
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2005
Subjects: Aerodynamics
Attitude control
Controllability
Equations
Force control
Motion control
Propulsion
Shape control
Space vehicles
Weight control

description: Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference,30 June 2004 - 02 July 2004,Boston, MA, USA
description: An elastic dumbbell spacecraft is assumed to consist of two identical mass particles that are connected by a long elastic link. The motion of the dumbbell spacecraft can be described by orbit, attitude and shape dynamics that arise due to gravitational forces, an elastic restoring force along the longitudinal axis of the spacecraft, and control forces that act to change the attitude and shape of the spacecraft. These control forces have the property that there is no net external force on the dumbbell spacecraft. Since the angular momentum of the spacecraft is necessarily conserved, Routh reduced equations of motion are developed that describe the reduced dynamics of the controlled spacecraft. The reduced equations of motion are developed; relative equilibria are determined, and simplified reduced equations, in a linear form, are obtained. These linear reduced equations demonstrate spacecraft controllability properties. It is shown that certain maneuvers, involving a change in orbit, can be accomplished using only attitude and shape control inputs. The proposed framework can be used to study this propulsion force approach to orbital maneuvers.
Additional file 3 of Bifurcate evolution of quinone synthetases in basidiomycetes
Creators: name: Seibold, Paula Sophie
name: Lawrinowitz, Stefanie
name: Raztsou, Ihar
name: Gressler, Markus
name: Arndt, Hans-Dieter
name: Stallforth, Pierre
name: Hoffmeister, Dirk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Experimental procedures.
Going Nowhere Faster: Did the Covid-19 Pandemic Accelerate the Trend Toward Staying Home?
Creators: name: Morris, Eric A.
name: Speroni, Samuel
name: Taylor, Brian D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Covid-19 significantly altered work, out-of-home activity participation, and travel, with much activity time being moved into the home. If these patterns hold, they could imply significant long-term changes for homes, businesses, cities, and transportation. We examined data for 34,000 respondents to the American Time Use Survey from 2019 (the pre-pandemic period), 2021 (the pandemic period), and 2022 and 2023 (the post-pandemic period). We used ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions to study participation in 12 out-of-home activities, travel (by auto, transit, and walking), and 16 in-home activities. We observed sharp declines in overall out-of-home activity, travel by all modes, and 10 of the 12 specific out-of-home activities in 2021 compared with 2019, whereas time spent on 13 of the 16 in-home activities rose during that period. By 2023, most of these changes persisted: Time spent out-of-home, traveling by all modes, and on six out-of-home activities remained notably lower in 2023 than in 2019, whereas time spent on nine in-home activities remained higher. The trend away from out-of-home activities and travel appears to be persisting. First, given elevated remote work and shopping, planners should consider repurposing some office and retail land uses. Second, with fewer office workers, center cities may have to capitalize on other strengths such as recreational and residential desirability for some market segments, such as young people or others who prefer urban living. Third, more time at home may increase demand for more spacious and affordable housing, perhaps in lower-cost outlying suburbs of large metros and in smaller metropolitan areas. Finally, an end to ever-rising personal travel may lessen the need for costly interventions to increase the capacity of highway and transportation systems.
Dynamics and control of an elastic dumbbell spacecraft in a central gravitational field
Creators: name: Sanyal, A.K.
name: Shen, Jinglai
name: McClamroch, N.H.
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2003
Subjects: Aerodynamics
Attitude control
Centralized control
Equations
Gravity
Motion control
Shape control
Space vehicles
Springs
Weight control

description: 42nd IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control ,09-12 December 2003,Maui, HI, USA
description: The dynamics of a dumbbell shaped spacecraft are modeled as two identical mass particles connected by a linear elastic spring. The equations of motion of the spacecraft in a planar orbit in a central gravitational field are presented. The equations of motion characterize orbit, attitude, and shape (or elastic deformation) degrees of freedom and the coupling between them. Relative equilibria, corresponding to circular planar orbits, are obtained from these equations of motion. Linear equations of motion that describe perturbations from these relative equilibria are presented. New dynamics and control problems are introduced for these linear equations. Controllability results are presented for various actuation assumptions, based on the linear equations.
Additional file 1 of Health service utilisation for acute respiratory infections in infants graduating from the neonatal intensive care unit: a population-based cohort study
Creators: name: Stevenson, Paul G.
name: Cooper, Matthew N.
name: Billingham, Wesley
name: de Klerk, Nicholas
name: Simpson, Shannon J.
name: Strunk, Tobias
name: Moore, Hannah C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Mental Health
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Diagnosis, symptom and discharge codes for acute respiratory infection in hospitalisation and emergency department data.
The characterization of key physiological traits of medicinal cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) as a tool for precision breeding
Creators: name: Naim-Feil, Erez
name: Pembleton, Luke W
name: Spooner, Laura E
name: Malthouse, Alix L
name: Miner, Amy
name: Quinn, Melinda
name: Polotnianka, Renata M
name: Baillie, Rebecca C
name: Spangenberg, German
name: Cogan, Noel
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Abstract Background For millennia, drug-type cannabis strains were extensively used for various medicinal, ritual, and inebriant applications. However, cannabis prohibition during the last century led to cultivation and breeding activities being conducted under clandestine conditions, while scientific development of the crop ceased. Recently, the potential of medicinal cannabis has been reacknowledged and the now expanding industry requires optimal and scientifically characterized varieties. However, scientific knowledge that can propel this advancement is sorely lacking. To address this issue, the current study aims to provide a better understanding of key physiological and phenological traits that can facilitate the breeding of advanced cultivars. Results A diverse population of 121 genotypes of high-THC or balanced THC-CBD ratio was cultivated under a controlled environment facility and 13 plant parameters were measured. No physiological association across genotypes attributed to the same vernacular classification was observed. Floral bud dry weight was found to be positively associated with plant height and stem diameter but not with days to maturation. Furthermore, the heritability of both plant height and days to maturation was relatively high, but for plant height it decreased during the vegetative growth phase. To advance breeding efficacy, a prediction equation for forecasting floral bud dry weight was generated, driven by parameters that can be detected during the vegetative growth phase solely. Conclusions Our findings suggest that selection for taller and fast-growing genotypes is likely to lead to an increase in floral bud productivity. It was also found that the final plant height and stem diameter are determined by 5 independent factors that can be used to maximize productivity through cultivation adjustments. The proposed prediction equation can facilitate the selection of prolific genotypes without the completion of a full cultivation cycle. Future studies that will associate genome-wide variation with plants morphological traits and cannabinoid profile will enable precise and accelerated breeding through genomic selection approaches.
New focus and new audiences for the engagement programme at the Museum of Zoology during the pandemic and into the future
Creators: name: Wade, Rosalyn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract of conference oral presentation on New focus and new audiences for the engagement programme at the Museum of Zoology during the pandemic and into the future by Senior Learning And Engagement Coordinator Rosalyn Wade of Senior Learning And Engagement Coordinator University Museum Of Zoology, Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom for SPNHC2022 Conference, Edinburgh. June 5-10th 2022.
Controllability Analysis of A Two Degree of Freedom Nonlinear Attitude Control System
Creators: name: Shen, Jinglai
name: Sanyal, Amit K
name: McClamroch, N Harris
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024

description: The 15th International Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems, South Bend, IN, 2002
description: We study a physically simple two degree of freedom attitude control system that has a single control input. The physical assumptions are described. Equations of motion are derived and expressed in a nonlinear control form. We demonstrate that the system is inherently nonlinear. Conditions for small time local controllability of the state and of the con?guration are presented.
Who Should Pay to Protect Trees? Tree Protection, Regulatory Takings, and Unconstitutional Conditions
Creators: name: Norton, Richard K.
name: Mueller, Lee
name: Palacios, Emily
name: Sicheneder, Kay
name: Wyckoff, Mark
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Trees are vital for terrestrial ecosystems and community wellbeing. Local tree protection ordinances typically limit the removal of trees or require replanting for mitigation. Because conserving trees advances climate change mitigation and adaptation, tree ordinances will likely become more widespread and demanding, prompting more pushback from property owners. Such pushback happened recently in response to a Michigan township’s tree protection ordinance. Two adjacent property owners alleged in federal and state court, respectively, that the ordinance effected a special kind of regulatory taking, one premised on an unconstitutional condition. The township lost both cases, voiding its efforts to mitigate the substantial loss of trees. This article analyzes the two legal cases together as a single case study. That case suggests that, rather than contesting the legitimacy of tree protection ordinances generally, property owners will assert instead that the public—not individual tree owners—should bear all the costs of conserving trees. The case highlights key ethical, legal, and planning principles to consider for making tree protection ordinances both effective and legally defensible, including the use of a mitigation plan and determination when requiring mitigation, and it suggests needed additional research on tree mitigation assessment methods for planning and zoning. It is not enough to ensure that mitigation requirements for tree removal are reasonably related to community welfare, climate change mitigation, and other goals; it is also necessary to fully justify those requirements to property owners and sometimes to courts, especially when addressing the distribution of the burdens and benefits of those requirements across property owners and deciding who—property owners or the community—should “pay” to protect trees.
Digital Phenotyping to Delineate Salinity Response in Safflower Genotypes
Creators: name: Thoday-Kennedy, E
name: Joshi, S
name: Daetwyler, Hans
name: Hayden, Matthew
name: Hudson, D
name: Spangenberg, German
name: Kant, Surya
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Salinity is a major contributing factor to the degradation of arable land, and reductions in crop growth and yield. To overcome these limitations, the breeding of crop varieties with improved salt tolerance is needed. This requires effective and high-throughput phenotyping to optimize germplasm enhancement. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), is an underappreciated but highly versatile oilseed crop, capable of growing in saline and arid environments. To develop an effective and rapid phenotyping protocol to differentiate salt responses in safflower genotypes, experiments were conducted in the automated imaging facility at Plant Phenomics Victoria, Horsham, focussing on digital phenotyping at early vegetative growth. The initial experiment, at 0, 125, 250, and 350 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), showed that 250 mM NaCl was optimum to differentiate salt sensitive and tolerant genotypes. Phenotyping of a diverse set of 200 safflower genotypes using the developed protocol defined four classes of salt tolerance or sensitivity, based on biomass and ion accumulation. Salt tolerance in safflower was dependent on the exclusion of Na+ from shoot tissue and the maintenance of K+ uptake. Salinity response identified in glasshouse experiments showed some consistency with the performance of representatively selected genotypes tested under sodic field conditions. Overall, our results suggest that digital phenotyping can be an effective high-throughput approach in identifying candidate genotypes for salt tolerance in safflower.
Positive Invariance of Constrained Affine Dynamics and Its Applications to Hybrid Systems and Safety Verification
Creators: name: Shen, Jinglai
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2012
Subjects: Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions
Heuristic algorithms
Indexes
Piecewise affine system
positive invariance
Safety
safety verification
Switches
Trajectory
Vectors

description: Motivated by long-time dynamic analysis of hybrid systems and safety verification problems, this paper addresses fundamental positive invariance issues of an affine dynamical system on a general polyhedron and their applications. Necessary and sufficient algebraic conditions are established for the existence of a positively invariant set of an affine system on a polyhedron using the tools of lexicographic relation and long-time oscillatory dynamic analysis. A linear program based algorithm is proposed to verify these conditions, and its computational complexity is analyzed. The positive invariance results are applied to obtain an explicit characterization of global switching behaviors of piecewise affine systems. Further, the positive invariance techniques developed in this paper are exploited to show the decidability of safety verification of a class of affine dynamics on semialgebraic sets.
Additional file 1 of Association of statin use and increase in lipoprotein(a): a real-world database research
Creators: name: Feng, Tienan
name: Li, Yao
name: Xue, Xiongfeng
name: Yang, Wei
name: Li, Qiang
name: Huang, Yushi
name: Zhu, Tengteng
name: Wang, Jue
name: Xu, Limin
name: Li, Xianchen
name: Gao, Jing
name: Sun, Shiming
name: Zhu, Bin
name: Zhang, ShuYu
name: Cao, Beibei
name: Xuan, Jianwei
name: Zhao, Zhigang
name: Qian, Biyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Detailed description of statistical methods.
Social Class and Changes in Australian Women's Affect and Alcohol Consumption During COVID-19
Creators: name: Lunnay, Belinda
name: Toson, Barbara
name: Wilson, Carlene
name: Miller, Emma R
name: Meyer, Samantha Beth
name: Olver, Ian N
name: Foley, Kristen
name: Thomas, Jessica A
name: Ward, Paul Russell
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Introduction: Before the pandemic, mid-life women in Australia were among the “heaviest” female alcohol consumers, giving rise to myriad preventable health risks. This paper uses an innovative model of social class within a sample of Australian women to describe changes in affective states and alcohol consumption patterns across two time points during COVID-19.Methods: Survey data were collected from Australian mid-life women (45–64 years) at two time points during COVID-19—May 2020 (N = 1,218) and July 2020 (N = 799). We used a multi-dimensional model for measuring social class across three domains—economic capital (income, property and assets), social capital (social contacts and occupational prestige of those known socially), and cultural capital (level of participation in various cultural activities). Latent class analysis allowed comparisons across social classes to changes in affective states and alcohol consumption patterns reported at the two time points using alcohol consumption patterns as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT-C) and its component items.Results: Seven social classes were constructed, characterized by variations in access to capital. Affective states during COVID-19 differed according to social class. Comparing between the survey time points, feeling fearful/anxious was higher in those with high economic and cultural capital and moderate social capital (“emerging affluent”). Increased depression was most prominent in the class characterized by the highest volumes of all forms of capital (“established affluent”). The social class characterized by the least capital (“working class”) reported increased prevalence of uncertainty, but less so for feeling fearful or anxious, or depressed. Women's alcohol consumption patterns changed across time during the pandemic. The “new middle” class—a group characterized by high social capital (but contacts with low prestige) and minimal economic capital—had increased AUDIT-C scores.Conclusion: Our data shows the pandemic impacted women's negative affective states, but not in uniform ways according to class. It may explain increases in alcohol consumption among women in the emerging affluent group who experienced increased feelings or fear and anxiety during the pandemic. This nuanced understanding of the vulnerabilities of sub-groups of women, in respect to negative affect and alcohol consumption can inform future pandemic policy responses designed to improve mental health and reduce the problematic use of alcohol. Designing pandemic responses segmented for specific audiences is also aided by our multi-dimensional analysis of social class, which uncovers intricate differences in affective states amongst sub-groups of mid-life women.
Variational integrators for mechanical systems with configuration dependent inertia
Creators: name: Amit, Sanyal
name: Shen, Jinglai
name: Mcclamroch, N.H.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2005

description: This paper develops discrete Euler-Lagrange equations for finite-dimensional, conservative, mechanical systems with configuration-dependent inertia. The configuration dependence of the inertia makes the Hamiltonian of such a system non-separable. We apply a discrete version of Routh reduction when there is a cyclic generalized coordinate, reflecting a symmetry. These discrete Euler-Lagrange and reduced Lagrange-Routh equations provide variational integration algorithms with good long-term numerical properties. They conserve the conjugate momentum corresponding to the cyclic coordinate, and error in the computed total energy remains bounded. These properties are illustrated through simulations of the free planar dynamics of an elastic dumbbell body in an inverse square central gravity field.
Pilots and Shifting Public Sentiment: Evidence From e-Scooters in Eugene (OR)
Creators: name: Brown, Anne
name: Thigpen, Calvin
name: Klein, Nicholas J.
name: Ralph, Kelcie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Pilot projects are an increasingly popular tool for dealing with opposition to new ideas. The premise is simple—let experience change minds—but it belies considerable uncertainty. How do opinions evolve during a pilot project? How do planners make sense of shifting opinions, and what strategies do they employ to successfully navigate through it? In this study, we took a longitudinal lens to explore these dynamics in the context of a single project: a shared e-scooter pilot in Eugene (OR). We surveyed the public before, during, and after the pilot, focusing on respondents’ overall support for the pilot and their views on its positive and negative attributes. We complemented survey responses with interviews of local practitioners before and during the pilot to explore how they made sense of shifting public opinions and how they worked strategically to help the project succeed. We found that direct experience as a rider tended to increase support, though it could sour initial support if someone had a bad experience like a crash or other issue. For nonriders, mere exposure to e-scooters improved perceptions on average for those who were initially most skeptical. However, exposure tempered expectations for those who were most enthusiastic at the outset. Well-run and well-received pilot projects can help overcome initial public opposition to new policies or projects. Planners should use four strategies to maximize the potential of their pilots. First, conduct meaningful outreach to build trust and create space for change. Second, rather than relying on unsolicited public input, most of which is likely to be negative, systematically survey the public to gauge overall support. Third, carefully correct common public misconceptions. Fourth, help public officials ride the wave of public opinion including interpreting and responding to initial opposition.
title: Restorative discipline and the school-to-prison pipeline
Creators: name: Levay, Jenna
Publisher: name: Mount Royal University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04evsam41
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: School-to-prison pipeline
School discipline
Retroactive justice in schools
Resorative discipline
Criminal justice

description: Unless you have children, are a teacher or school administrator, or feel you were mistreated by the education system during your school-aged years, you may not think much about the disciplinary actions used within our school systems. However, from a societal perspective, it’s important to understand that a common recurring theme within educational disciplinary action is the usage, and over usage of suspension and expulsion as punishment (Monahan et al., 2014). Studies have shown that the misuse of suspension and expulsion can and does lead children toward a life of criminalization and institutionalisation (Monahan et al., 2014). This phenomenon is known as the school-to-prison pipeline (Monahan et al., 2014), and it fundamentally influences crime rates in Canada. Even the phrase ‘school-to-prison pipeline’ sounds inherently damaging to our children for obvious reasons, but the main reason society should care about this phenomenon is because it is forcefully filtering today’s young people into the criminal justice system. There are other options. Introduced through the concept of Restorative Justice, an idea called Restorative Discipline was conceived (Hass-Wisecup & Saxon, 2018). Restorative Discipline, when implemented with intention, collaboration, and consistency, vastly reduces the school-to-prison pipeline by allowing children to make mistakes, learn from their mistakes, understand the concept of reparation, and be empowered to make amends (Hass-Wisecup & Saxon, 2018). This study highlights the significant gap in restorative justice and restorative discipline literature, research, and practices within Canada. This study will analyze various school Codes of Conduct from across Canada, delve deeper into the meaning and understanding of the school-to-prison pipeline, and explain restorative discipline practices in action. Further, this study offers five recommendations that can be easily implemented on a day-to-day basis, for any school system and school personnel who may want to make a change.
COVID-19, Alcohol Consumption and Stockpiling Practises in Midlife Women: Repeat Surveys During Lockdown in Australia and the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Miller, Emma R
name: Olver, Ian N
name: Wilson, Carlene
name: Lunnay, Belinda
name: Meyer, Samantha B
name: Foley, Kristen
name: Thomas, Jessica A
name: Toson, Barbara
name: Ward, Paul R
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Introduction: This project examined the impact of COVID-19 and associated restrictions on alcohol practises (consumption and stockpiling), and perceptions of health risk among women in midlife (those aged 45–64 years).Methods: We collected online survey data from 2,437 midlife women in the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia in May 2020, recruited using a commercial panel, in the early days of mandated COVID-19 related restrictions in both countries. Participants were surveyed again (N = 1,377) in July 2020, at a time when COVID-19 restrictions were beginning to ease. The surveys included the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT-C) and questions alcohol stockpiling. Analysis involved a range of univariate and multivariate techniques examining the impact of demographic variables and negative affect on consumption and acquisition outcomes.Results: In both surveys (May and July), UK women scored higher than Australian women on the AUDIT-C, and residence in the UK was found to independently predict stockpiling of alcohol (RR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.91). Developing depression between surveys (RR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.04) and reporting pessimism (RR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.81), and fear/anxiety (RR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.70) at the beginning of the study period also predicted stockpiling by the end of the lockdown. Having a tertiary education was protective for alcohol stockpiling at each time point (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.87).Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with increases in risky alcohol practises that were predicted by negative emotional responses to the pandemic. Anxiety, pessimism and depression predicted stockpiling behaviour in UK and Australian women despite the many demographic and contextual differences between the two cohorts. Given our findings and the findings of others that mental health issues developed or were exacerbated during lockdown and may continue long after that time, urgent action is required to address a potential future pandemic of alcohol-related harms.
Leptin and Melanocortin Signaling Mediates Hypertension in Offspring From Female Rabbits Fed a High-Fat Diet During Gestation and Lactation
Creators: name: Lim, Kyungjoon
name: Burke, Sandra L
name: Marques, Francine Z
name: Jackson, Kristy L
name: Gueguen, Cindy
name: Sata, Yusuke
name: Armitage, James A
name: Head, Geoffrey A
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Maternal high-fat diet in rabbits leads to hypertension and elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in adult offspring but whether this is due to adiposity or maternal programming is unclear. We gave intracerebroventricular (ICV) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) administration of leptin-receptor antagonist, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH), melanocortin-receptor antagonist (SHU9119), or insulin-receptor (InsR) antagonist to conscious adult offspring from mothers fed a high-fat diet (mHFD), control diet (mCD), or mCD offspring fed HFD for 10d (mCD10d, to deposit equivalent fat but not during development). mHFD and mCD10d rabbits had higher mean arterial pressure (MAP, +6.4 mmHg, +12.1 mmHg, p < 0.001) and RSNA (+2.3 nu, +3.2 nu, p < 0.01) than mCD, but all had similar plasma leptin. VMH leptin-receptor antagonist reduced MAP (−8.0 ± 3.0 mmHg, p < 0.001) in mCD10d but not in mHFD or mCD group. Intracerebroventricular leptin-receptor antagonist reduced MAP only in mHFD rabbits (p < 0.05). Intracerebroventricular SHU9119 reduced MAP and RSNA in mHFD but only reduced MAP in the mCD10d group. VMH αMSH increased RSNA (+85%, p < 0.001) in mHFD rabbits but ICV αMSH increased RSNA in both mHFD and mCD10d rabbits (+45%, +51%, respectively, p < 0.001). The InsR antagonist had no effect by either route on MAP or RSNA. Hypothalamic leptin receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA were greater in mHFD compared with mCD rabbits and mCD10d rabbits. In conclusion, the higher MAP in mHFD and mCD10d offspring was likely due to greater central leptin signaling at distinct sites within the hypothalamus while enhanced melanocortin contribution was common to both groups suggesting that residual body fat was mainly responsible. However, the effects of SHU9119 and αMSH on RSNA pathways only in mHFD suggest a maternal HFD may program sympatho-excitatory capacity in these offspring and that this may involve increased leptin receptor and BDNF expression.
Additional file 2 of Association of statin use and increase in lipoprotein(a): a real-world database research
Creators: name: Feng, Tienan
name: Li, Yao
name: Xue, Xiongfeng
name: Yang, Wei
name: Li, Qiang
name: Huang, Yushi
name: Zhu, Tengteng
name: Wang, Jue
name: Xu, Limin
name: Li, Xianchen
name: Gao, Jing
name: Sun, Shiming
name: Zhu, Bin
name: Zhang, ShuYu
name: Cao, Beibei
name: Xuan, Jianwei
name: Zhao, Zhigang
name: Qian, Biyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Detailed description of eFigures and eTables.
Transfer of function across members of an equivalence class
Creators: name: Catania, A. Charles
name: Horne, Pauline
name: Lowe, C. Fergus
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 1989

description: A child's presses on response windows behind which stimuli were presented via computer monitor occasionally lit lamps arranged in a column; a present was delivered when all lamps in the column were lit. During the operation of a multiple schedule, the child first learned low rates of pressing in the presence of STAR and high rates in the presence of TREE. Later, in an arbitrary matching task, the child learned to select STAR given wiggly WORM and TREE given BLOCK. When WORM and BLOCK were inserted into the multiple schedule, the low and high rates respectively correlated with STAR and TREE transferred to them. Tests of reflexivity (identity matching) and of symmetry of the arbitrary matching implied that STAR and WORM had become members of one equivalence class, and TREE and BLOCK had become members of another.
Characteristics of Zero-Vehicle Households Among Older Americans and Their Travel Implications
Creators: name: Li, Shengxiao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: As the number of older Americans increases rapidly and many of them age in low-density areas, understanding their transportation difficulties and needs is crucial. Using the 2017 National Household Travel Survey, I categorized zero-vehicle older individuals into four groups: urban commuters, nonrural low-income nondrivers, rural unemployed nondrivers, and nonurban moderate transit users. I then examined who they are and how they travel. More than one-third of zero-vehicle individuals were rural unemployed nondrivers. They mostly lived in rural areas and towns without readily available public or private transportation services and thus made the fewest trips among all zero-vehicle groups. In contrast, urban commuters—who mostly lived in metropolitan areas with rail systems and were healthy—had more experience using public transit and did not report any travel disadvantages compared with those using vehicles. Nonrural low-income nondrivers, however, manifested travel difficulties, largely due to their relatively poor health and income constraints. Planners and policymakers should consider providing additional transportation services and neighborhood designs for older people without vehicles. They should offer transportation services in suburban and rural areas, as well as in small towns lacking convenient public transport services. For older people who still drive, provision of both vehicle and safety support for cars and roads should be of paramount concern, because this assistance can help such individuals remain drivers longer. They should also provide affordable and accessible transportation solutions for older people, because income and health are two main obstacles in daily travel for older people without vehicles. In the long run, planners should muse over land use and design changes in low-density areas to facilitate older people’s out-of-home activities.
Naturally-occurring dietary salicylates in the genesis of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: Pilot study
Creators: name: Tuck, Caroline
name: Malakar, S
name: Barrett, JS
name: Muir, JG
name: Gibson, PR
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background and Aim: An elimination-rechallenge dietary approach targeting naturally-occurring bioactive chemicals has been proposed to alleviate functional gastrointestinal symptoms. A major focus of this approach is salicylates. This study aimed to address the potential role of dietary salicylates in the induction of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: A pilot, double-blind, randomized, cross-over trial of 2-week low- versus high-salicylate diets (6.6 and 27.9 g/day salicylate, respectively) was undertaken. All foods were provided containing minimal quantities of other potential food triggers. Gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms were measured daily using a 100-mm visual-analogue-scale. Results: Ten participants with IBS completed the study, including one with known aspirin-sensitivity. Overall, no differences in symptoms were observed (P = 0.625; Friedman test). However, clear symptom provocation was seen in the aspirin-sensitive participant, with all abdominal symptoms and tiredness worsening during the high-salicylate diet. A similar trend was seen in another participant, where abdominal symptoms gradually worsened during the high-salicylate diet. Conclusions: These results provide some evidence that food-related salicylates may influence the genesis of symptoms in a subset of patients with IBS. A larger cohort is needed to determine the incidence of salicylate-sensitivity and further evaluate the diet as a potential therapeutic target. The protocol was registered at www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN12620001250921).
Additional file 3 of Association of statin use and increase in lipoprotein(a): a real-world database research
Creators: name: Feng, Tienan
name: Li, Yao
name: Xue, Xiongfeng
name: Yang, Wei
name: Li, Qiang
name: Huang, Yushi
name: Zhu, Tengteng
name: Wang, Jue
name: Xu, Limin
name: Li, Xianchen
name: Gao, Jing
name: Sun, Shiming
name: Zhu, Bin
name: Zhang, ShuYu
name: Cao, Beibei
name: Xuan, Jianwei
name: Zhao, Zhigang
name: Qian, Biyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Description of other three cohorts.
ELEVATED CIRCULATING AND PLACENTAL SPINT2 IS ASSOCIATED WITH PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY
Creators: name: Murphy, Ciara
name: Walker, Susan
name: MacDonald, Teresa
name: Keenan, Emerson
name: Hannan, Natalie
name: Wlodek, Mary
name: Briffa, Jessica
name: Stasis, Tania
name: Cannon, Ping
name: Tuong-Vi, Nguyen
name: Kandel, Manju
name: Pritchard, Natasha
name: Tong, Stephen
name: Kaitu'u-Lino, Tu'uhevaha
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: No description supplied
Power of Persuasion: How Planners Shape Decisions Through Communication
Creators: name: Fang, Li
name: Wen, Yijia
name: Zhang, Jingze
name: Xu, Corey
name: Erlebacher, Gordon
name: Staley, Samuel R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Because most planning decisions are ultimately made by politicians, effective communication with elected officials is essential for shaping their decisions. In this study, we empirically examined whether email communications initiated by urban planners affect planning-related decisions made by politicians and what communication tactics work. We leveraged a unique data set of all email communications between planners and politicians and voter records of politicians on planning-related decisions in the city of Tallahassee (FL). We built a dynamic network model as a temporal exponential random graph model and adopted text-mining methods to examine email communication dynamics. We found that a more positive sentiment conveyed from email content was statistically significantly associated with a politician’s tendency to vote consistently with a planner’s recommendation. Moreover, corroborating communications from various planners were more persuasive than repeated communication from a single planner, suggesting that an organic, decentralized approach to communication is more effective than a hierarchical, top-down one. Urban planners should take the initiative to reach out to politicians to establish positive communication channels. In addition, strengthening collaboration within the planning department by presenting unified information from various planners to a politician can enhance the politician’s confidence in the message and lead to more effective shaping of their decisions.
Taxidermy Vertebrate Specimens at the Natural History Science Museum of University of Porto (MHNC-UP) and the need of an Illustrated Glossary for the Conservation Assessment
Creators: name: Costa, Mariana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract of conference oral presentation on Taxidermy Vertebrate Specimens at the Natural History Science Museum of University of Porto (MHNC-UP) and the need of an Illustrated Glossary for the Conservation Assessment by Mariana Costa of Universidade Católica Portuguesa, School of Arts Barcelos- Braga Portugal for SPNHC2022 Conference, Edinburgh. June 5-10th 2022.
Early Exposure is Necessary for the Lifespan Extension Effects of Cocoa in C. elegans
Creators: name: Munasinghe, Munagamage Dona Mihiri
name: Almotayri, Abdullah Mohammed
name: Thomas, Jency
name: Heydarian, Deniz
name: Jois, Markandeya
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background: We previously showed that cocoa, a rich source of polyphenols improved the age-associated health and extended the lifespan in C. elegans when supplemented starting from L1 stage. Aim: In this study, we aimed to find out the effects of timing of cocoa exposure on longevity improving effects and the mechanisms and pathways involved in lifespan extension in C. elegans. Methods: The standard E. coli OP50 diet of wild type C. elegans was supplemented with cocoa powder starting from different larval stages (L1, L2, L3, and L4) till the death, from L1 to adult day 1 and from adult day 1 till the death. For mechanistic studies, different mutant strains of C. elegans were supplemented with cocoa starting from L1 stage till the death. Survival curves were plotted, and mean lifespan was reported. Results: Cocoa exposure starting from L1 stage till the death and till adult day 1 significantly extended the lifespan of worms. However, cocoa supplementation at other larval stages as well as at adulthood could not extend the lifespan, instead the lifespan was significantly reduced. Cocoa could not extend the lifespan of daf-16, daf-2, sir-2.1, and clk-1 mutants. Conclusion: Early-start supplementation is essential for cocoa-mediated lifespan extension which is dependent on insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway and mitochondrial respiration.