PHOSPHORIC REGIME OF GRAY FOREST SOILS UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS AND CHEMICAL RECLAMATION
Creators: name: Pavlichenko Alla Ivanivna
Publisher: name: Colloquium-journal
Year: 2021
Subjects: liming
humus
gross
movable
water soluble
mineral fertilizer.

description: The results of research conducted in the landfill monitoring system in a long-term field research estab-lished in 1992 on gray forest coarse-dusty loamy soil on the influence of long-term chemical reclamation and various fertilizer systems (mineral, organic, organic-mineral) on the transformation of the phosphate regime of the soil on calcareous and non-calcareous backgrounds. Phosphorus is extremely important in agriculture. This is due to the fact that no biochemical reaction takes place in the plant body without its participation, be-cause it is a component of the ATP molecule, which provides energy. It is the main element of nucleic acids, phospholipids and others, is actively involved in the regulation of enzymatic reactions. It is part of human, animal, plant and bacterial cells. Optimal phosphorus nutrition promotes the development of the root system, which improves the provision of plants with moisture and nutrients, as well as stimulates all processes related to flower fertilization, tying, forming and ripening of fruits, increases the share of marketable products in the biological crop, increases the content of starch in potatoes, sugar in roots, vegetables and fruits, oil in seeds, oilseeds, in spinning crops increases the yield of long fiber, increases its strength. That is why the management of phosphorus nutrition of plants is one of the key issues. Changes of various forms of phosphorus (gross, mobile, water-soluble) under the influence of the above factors are analyzed. For a more objective assessment of these factors on the phosphate regime of the soil on the variant results of the analysis were compared not only with absolute control, but also tied to the initial level (age of fallow 28 years), located next to the experimental field. It was found that the content of gross phosphorus, which characterizes the genetic characteristics of the soil, depends almost entirely on the total reserves of humus and clearly repeats the parameters of the profile accumulation of carbon, taking into account the depth and thickness of humus horizons. The particle size dis-tribution is of great importance in the processes of gross phosphorus accumulation, as it is quite easily ad-sorbed on the surface of soil structures. Evaluation of the results of the analysis indicates a large gap in the gross forms of phosphorus and a low concentration of its mobile forms, the content of which is 4.7% of the total. According to our data, water-soluble salts of phosphoric acid in gray forest soil are generally in very small quantities (0.62 mg / kg in the horizon HE with a gradual decrease down the profile), which often becomes a limiting factor in phosphorus nutrition of crops. Lime, by reducing the activity of oxides, weakens the adsorption bonds of phosphorus and increases the relative amount of calcium phosphates. The use of mineral fertilizers replenished the pool of gross phosphorus (by 0.08% dock control), but mo-bile forms of phosphorus (according to Kirsanov) increased by only 23 mg / kg, which was second only to lim-ing. In general, the effect of liming significantly increases the use of soil phosphates and fertilizers. To improve the phosphorus deficiency and create soils with a high content of this element should be wide-ly used for fertilizers, in addition to technical fertilizers, organic matter formed by photosynthesis in the form of green manures and crop residues with mandatory liming.