cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A solar-type star polluted by calcium-rich supernova ejecta inside the supernova remnant RCW 86
Creators: name: Gvaramadze, V. V.
name: Langer, N.
name: Fossati, L.
name: Bock, D. C. -J.
name: Castro, N.
name: Georgiev, I. Y.
name: Greiner, J.
name: Johnston, S.
name: Rau, A.
name: Tauris, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a massive star in a binary system explodes as a supernova its companion star may be polluted with heavy elements from the supernova ejecta. Such a pollution had been detected in a handful of post-supernova binaries (Gonzalez Hernandez et al. 2011), but none of them is associated with a supernova remnant. We report the discovery of a solar-type star in a close, eccentric binary system with a neutron star within the young Galactic supernova remnant RCW 86. Our discovery implies that the supernova progenitor was a moving star, which exploded near the edge of its wind bubble and lost most of its initial mass due to common-envelope evolution shortly before core collapse. We find that the solar-type star is strongly polluted with calcium and other elements, which places the explosion within the class of calcium-rich supernovae -- faint and fast transients (Filippenko et al. 2003; Kasliwal et al. 2012}, whose origin is strongly debated (Kawabata et al. 2010; Waldman et al. 2011), and provides the first observational evidence that supernovae of this type can arise from core-collapse explosions (Kawabata et al. 2010; Moriya et al. 2010).
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, original version of the manuscript submitted to Nature Astronomy (the accepted version differs from the original one; it will appear in arXiv only in October 2017 because of the journal publication policy)
Concurrent Kleene Algebra with Observations: from Hypotheses to Completeness
Creators: name: Kappé, Tobias
name: Brunet, Paul
name: Silva, Alexandra
name: Wagemaker, Jana
name: Zanasi, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Concurrent Kleene Algebra (CKA) extends basic Kleene algebra with a parallel composition operator, which enables reasoning about concurrent programs. However, CKA fundamentally misses tests, which are needed to model standard programming constructs such as conditionals and $\mathsf{while}$-loops. It turns out that integrating tests in CKA is subtle, due to their interaction with parallelism. In this paper we provide a solution in the form of Concurrent Kleene Algebra with Observations (CKAO). Our main contribution is a completeness theorem for CKAO. Our result resorts on a more general study of CKA "with hypotheses", of which CKAO turns out to be an instance: this analysis is of independent interest, as it can be applied to extensions of CKA other than CKAO.
On the Origin of Sub-subgiant Stars. I. Demographics
Creators: name: Geller, Aaron M.
name: Leiner, Emily M.
name: Bellini, Andrea
name: Gleisinger, Robert
name: Haggard, Daryl
name: Kamann, Sebastian
name: Leigh, Nathan W. C.
name: Mathieu, Robert D.
name: Sills, Alison
name: Watkins, Laura L.
name: Zurek, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sub-subgiants are stars observed to be redder than normal main-sequence stars and fainter than normal subgiant (and giant) stars in an optical color-magnitude diagram. The red straggler stars, which lie redward of the red giant branch, may be related and are often grouped together with the sub-subgiants in the literature. These stars defy our standard theory of single-star evolution, and are important tests for binary evolution and stellar collision models. In total, we identify 65 sub-subgiants and red stragglers in 16 open and globular star clusters from the literature; 50 of these, including 43 sub-subgiants, pass our strict membership selection criteria (though the remaining sources may also be cluster members). In addition to their unique location on the color-magnitude diagram, we find that at least 58% (25/43) of sub-subgiants in this sample are X-ray sources with typical 0.5-2.5 keV luminosities of order 10^30 - 10^31 erg/s. Their X-ray luminosities and optical-to-X-ray flux ratios are similar to those of RS CVn active binaries. At least 65% (28/43) of the sub-subgiants in our sample are variables, 21 of which are known to be radial-velocity binaries. Typical variability periods are <15 days. At least 33% (14/43) of the sub-subgiants are H-alpha emitters. These observational demographics provide strong evidence that binarity is important for sub-subgiant formation. Finally, we find that the number of sub-subgiants per unit mass increases toward lower-mass clusters, such that the open clusters in our sample have the highest specific frequencies of sub-subgiants.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
New Realities and Tsunamis: A Nurse's Interpretation of a Family Navigating Cancer
Creators: name: Dhaliwal, Sandip
name: Moules, Nancy
name: McCaffrey, Graham
Publisher: name: Journal of Applied Hermeneutics
Year: 2020

description: This short paper was written for a hermeneutics research course from the perspective of the first author in response to the statement “Nursing is an interpretive practice.” A narrative account of caring for a young adult with hematologic cancer and his mother is provided to offer understanding on how cancer is an interpreted experience with a relational backdrop of family, and nursing is an interpretive practice situated within this relational complexity. Gadamer’s ideas around horizon of understanding, experience, and conversation are utilized to present a nurse’s interpretation of this family navigating the “new realities and tsunamis” and overturning of their lives by hematologic cancer. Given the interpretive nature of understanding in nursing work with families, it is proposed that hermeneutics, as an interpretive inquiry, offers a meaningful approach to understand family experiences of cancer in nursing research.
description: Journal of Applied Hermeneutics, 2020: 2020
title: Financial Constraints and Corporate Investment in China
Creators: name: Mo, Kun
name: Soudan, Michel
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2022

description: Distortions in capital markets can create financial constraints that deter firms from pursuing optimal investment plans. This paper explores how much these constraints affect investment by ownership type in China, using a panel data model estimated with observations on listed firms for the period 2005–17. We find that privately owned enterprises (POEs) in China face greater financial constraints than state-owned enterprises (SOEs), as POE investment plans depend more on the availability of internally generated cash. Correspondingly, we find evidence that Chinese lenders appear less concerned about the credit risk of SOEs, and that an expansion in credit correlates with a disproportionally larger increase in investment for SOEs.
description: Les distorsions sur les marchés des capitaux peuvent créer des contraintes financières qui découragent les entreprises d’adopter des plans d’investissement optimaux. Dans cette étude, nous examinons dans quelle mesure ces contraintes influent sur les investissements par type de propriété en Chine. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons un modèle de données de panel estimé avec des observations sur des sociétés cotées en bourse pour la période de 2005 à 2017. Nous constatons que les entreprises privées en Chine sont confrontées à des contraintes financières plus importantes que les entreprises publiques, parce que leurs investissements dépendent davantage de la disponibilité de ressources d’autofinancement. Par conséquent, il ressort de notre analyse que les prêteurs chinois semblent moins préoccupés par le risque de crédit des entreprises publiques. Aussi, il semble qu’une expansion du crédit soit en corrélation avec une augmentation disproportionnellement plus élevée des investissements par les entreprises publiques.
Flaxion: a minimal extension to solve puzzles in the standard model
Creators: name: Ema, Yohei
name: Hamaguchi, Koichi
name: Moroi, Takeo
name: Nakayama, Kazunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a minimal extension of the standard model which includes only one additional complex scalar field, flavon, with flavor-dependent global U(1) symmetry. It not only explains the hierarchical flavor structure in the quark and lepton sector (including neutrino sector), but also solves the strong CP problem by identifying the CP-odd component of the flavon as the QCD axion, which we call flaxion. Furthermore, the flaxion model solves the cosmological puzzles in the standard model, i.e., origin of dark matter, baryon asymmetry of the universe, and inflation. We show that the radial component of the flavon can play the role of inflaton without isocurvature nor domain wall problems. The dark matter abundance can be explained by the flaxion coherent oscillation, while the baryon asymmetry of the universe is generated through leptogenesis.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure; v2: version published in JHEP
On the Non-Local Obstruction to Interacting Higher Spins in Flat Space
Creators: name: Taronna, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Owing to a renewed interest in flat space higher spin gauge theories, in this note we provide further details and clarifications on the results presented in arXiv:1107.5843 and arXiv: 1209.5755, which investigated their locality properties. Focusing, for simplicity, on quartic amplitudes with one of the external legs having non-zero integer spin (which can be considered as a prototype for Weinberg-type arguments), we review the appearance of $1/\Box$ non-localities. In particular, we emphasise that it appears to be not possible to eliminate all of the aforementioned non-localities with a judicious choice of coupling constants and spectrum. We also discuss the light-cone gauge fixing in $d=4$, and argue that the non-local obstruction discussed in the covariant language cannot be avoided using light-cone gauge formalism.
description: 22+12 pages. v2: typos corrected, references added
Near-Infrared MOSFIRE Spectra of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at 0.2
Creators: name: Casey, C. M.
name: Cooray, A.
name: Killi, M.
name: Capak, P.
name: Chen, C. -C.
name: Hung, C. -L.
name: Kartaltepe, J.
name: Sanders, D. B.
name: Scoville, N. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared and optical spectroscopic observations of a sample of 450$μ$m and 850$μ$m-selected dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) identified in a 400 arcmin$^2$ area in the COSMOS field. Thirty-one sources of the 102 targets were spectroscopically confirmed at $0.20.2$) or non-existent photometric redshifts; these have very distinct spectral energy distributions from the remaining DSFGs, suggesting a decoupling of highly obscured and unobscured components. We present a composite rest-frame 4300--7300Å spectrum for DSFGs, and find evidence of 200$\pm$30 km s$^{-1}$ gas outflows. Nebular line emission for a sub-sample of our detections indicate that hard ionizing radiation fields are ubiquitous in high-z DSFGs, even more so than typical mass or UV-selected high-z galaxies. We also confirm the extreme level of dust obscuration in DSFGs, measuring very high Balmer decrements, and very high ratios of IR to UV and IR to H$α$ luminosities. This work demonstrates the need to broaden the use of wide bandwidth technology in the millimeter to the spectroscopic confirmations of large samples of high-z DSFGs, as the difficulty in confirming such sources at optical/near-infrared wavelengths is exceedingly challenging given their obscuration.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, ApJ accepted. Composite DSFG Halpha spectrum available at www.as.utexas.edu/~cmcasey/downloads.html
Canada's Food Security During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Holland, Kerri
Publisher: name: The School of Public Policy Publications
Year: 2020

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has garnered public attention to Canada’s food security. Access to a safe, stable, and high quality food supply is often taken for granted by Canadians but it is one of the key roles that our agricultural industry serves and underlines why it is designated an essential service. Despite the federal government’s assurance that our nation’s food supply remains stable, concerns have been mounting from both consumers and the agricultural industry that disruptions in the food supply chain will cause food insecurity and severe economic distress. As a whole, Canada’s agri-food industry is well-positioned to adapt to the present crisis and continue supplying domestic and export markets. However, this does not mean that our food system is impermeable to disruption. In fact, challenges caused by COVID-19 have highlighted vulnerabilities in the food supply chain. Labour shortages, major shifts in consumer demand, and the slowdowns/closures at processing plants have already exacerbated food insecurity among Canadians and increased financial pressure on primary producers. As the foundation of the food supply chain, Canadian farmers are key to its stability. As many farms were experiencing severe economic hardship prior to the pandemic, the challenges of market uncertainty and increased production costs put these operations at greater financial risk. Policy action will be key to ensure the short and long-term viability of our primary industry and maintain the capacity to meet domestic and export market demands. Canada is still in the early stages of crisis management but government support of Canadian agriculture has been largely inadequate in alleviating the financial impact on farmers. The Canadian government must take immediate steps to alleviate the financial burden on primary producers, ensure export markets remain open and free from trade barriers, and commit to establishing a long-term agri-food strategy and action plan.
description: The School of Public Policy Publications, Vol. 13 (2020)
On Tools for Completeness of Kleene Algebra with Hypotheses
Creators: name: Pous, Damien
name: Rot, Jurriaan
name: Wagemaker, Jana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the literature on Kleene algebra, a number of variants have been proposed which impose additional structure specified by a theory, such as Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) and the recent Kleene algebra with observations (KAO), or make specific assumptions about certain constants, as for instance in NetKAT. Many of these variants fit within the unifying perspective offered by Kleene algebra with hypotheses, which comes with a canonical language model constructed from a given set of hypotheses. For the case of KAT, this model corresponds to the familiar interpretation of expressions as languages of guarded strings. A relevant question therefore is whether Kleene algebra together with a given set of hypotheses is complete with respect to its canonical language model. In this paper, we revisit, combine and extend existing results on this question to obtain tools for proving completeness in a modular way. We showcase these tools by giving new and modular proofs of completeness for KAT, KAO and NetKAT, and we prove completeness for new variants of KAT: KAT extended with a constant for the full relation, KAT extended with a converse operation, and a version of KAT where the collection of tests only forms a distributive lattice.
Resonant slepton production and right sneutrino dark matter in left-right supersymmetry
Creators: name: Frank, Mariana
name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Huitu, Katri
name: Rai, Santosh Kumar
name: Waltari, Harri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Right-handed sneutrinos are natural components of left-right symmetric supersymmetric models where the gauge sector is extended to include right-handed weak interactions. Unlike in other models where right-handed sneutrinos are gauge singlets, here the right sneutrino is part of a doublet and could be a dark matter candidate whose annihilation proceeds via gauge interactions. We investigate this possibility, and find that relic density, low-energy observable and direct supersymmetry search constraints can be satisfied when the lightest supersymmetric particle is a right-handed sneutrino. We introduce benchmarks for left-right supersymmetric realizations where either a sneutrino or a neutralino is the lightest superpartner. We then study the LHC signals arising through resonant right-handed slepton production via a $W_R$ gauge-boson exchange that lead to final states enriched in leptons, additionally containing a large amount of missing transverse momentum, and featuring a low jet multiplicity. We find that such a resonant production would boost the chances of discovering these weakly interacting supersymmetric particles for a mass range extending beyond 1 TeV already with a luminosity of 100 fb$^{-1}$. Finally, we compare sneutrino versus neutralino scenarios, and comment on differences with other sneutrino dark matter models.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures, revised version
Jean Moulenat, ancien joueur de fiscorn dans la Cobla des Amics, sortant ses instruments de leurs boites
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
Pre-seismic ionospheric anomalies detected before the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake
Creators: name: Iwata, Takuya
name: Umeno, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On April 15, 2016, the Kumamoto earthquake (Mw 7.3) occurred in Japan with no warning signals. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers provide useful information on disturbances in ionosphere by calculating the changes in Total Electron Content (TEC), which is the number of electrons in ionosphere. Here we show our recently proposed correlation analysis of TEC data which can detect the pre-seismic ionospheric anomalies from the public GNSS data. Our method detected the ionospheric anomaly several tens of minutes before the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake near its epicenter. Furthermore, we gave an indicator to distinguish between the pre-seismic TEC anomalies and the medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) by calculating the anomalous area rates. These results support the hypothesis for existence of the preceding phenomena before large earthquakes.
The first interferometric detections of Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Caleb, M.
name: Flynn, C.
name: Bailes, M.
name: Barr, E. D.
name: Bateman, T.
name: Bhandari, S.
name: Campbell-Wilson, D.
name: Farah, W.
name: Green, A. J.
name: Hunstead, R. W.
name: Jameson, A.
name: Jankowski, F.
name: Keane, E. F.
name: Parthasarathy, A.
name: Ravi, V.
name: Rosado, P. A.
name: van Straten, W.
name: Krishnan, V. Venkatraman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first interferometric detections of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), an enigmatic new class of astrophysical transient. In a 180-day survey of the Southern sky we discovered 3 FRBs at 843 MHz with the UTMOST array, as part of commissioning science during a major ongoing upgrade. The wide field of view of UTMOST ($\approx 9$ deg$^{2}$) is well suited to FRB searches. The primary beam is covered by 352 partially overlapping fan-beams, each of which is searched for FRBs in real time with pulse widths in the range 0.655 to 42 ms, and dispersion measures $\leq$2000 pc cm$^{-3}$. Detections of FRBs with the UTMOST array places a lower limit on their distances of $\approx 10^4$ km (limit of the telescope near-field) supporting the case for an astronomical origin. Repeating FRBs at UTMOST or an FRB detected simultaneously with the Parkes radio telescope and UTMOST, would allow a few arcsec localisation, thereby providing an excellent means of identifying FRB host galaxies, if present. Up to 100 hours of follow-up for each FRB has been carried out with the UTMOST, with no repeating bursts seen. From the detected position, we present 3$σ$ error ellipses of 15 arcsec x 8.4 deg on the sky for the point of origin for the FRBs. We estimate an all-sky FRB rate at 843 MHz above a fluence $\cal F_\mathrm{lim}$ of 11 Jy ms of $\sim 78$ events sky$^{-1}$ d$^{-1}$ at the 95 percent confidence level. The measured rate of FRBs at 843 MHz is of order two times higher than we had expected, scaling from the FRB rate at the Parkes radio telescope, assuming that FRBs have a flat spectral index and a uniform distribution in Euclidean space. We examine how this can be explained by FRBs having a steeper spectral index and/or a flatter log$N$-log$\mathcal{F}$ distribution than expected for a Euclidean Universe.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Behavioural Metrics: Compositionality of the Kantorovich Lifting and an Application to Up-To Techniques
Creators: name: D'Angelo, Keri
name: Gurke, Sebastian
name: Kirss, Johanna Maria
name: König, Barbara
name: Najafi, Matina
name: Różowski, Wojciech
name: Wild, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Behavioural distances of transition systems modelled via coalgebras for endofunctors generalize traditional notions of behavioural equivalence to a quantitative setting, in which states are equipped with a measure of how (dis)similar they are. Endowing transition systems with such distances essentially relies on the ability to lift functors describing the one-step behavior of the transition systems to the category of pseudometric spaces. We consider the category theoretic generalization of the Kantorovich lifting from transportation theory to the case of lifting functors to quantale-valued relations, which subsumes equivalences, preorders and (directed) metrics. We use tools from fibred category theory, which allow one to see the Kantorovich lifting as arising from an appropriate fibred adjunction. Our main contributions are compositionality results for the Kantorovich lifting, where we show that that the lifting of a composed functor coincides with the composition of the liftings. In addition, we describe how to lift distributive laws in the case where one of the two functors is polynomial (with finite coproducts). These results are essential ingredients for adapting up-to-techniques to the case of quantale-valued behavioural distances. Up-to techniques are a well-known coinductive technique for efficiently showing lower bounds for behavioural distances. We illustrate the results of our paper in two case studies.
Mass loss due to gravitational waves with $Λ>0$
Creators: name: Saw, Vee-Liem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical basis for the energy carried away by gravitational waves that an isolated gravitating system emits was first formulated by Hermann Bondi during the 1960s. Recent findings from looking at distant supernovae revealed that the rate of expansion of our universe is accelerating, which may be well-explained by sticking in a positive cosmological constant into the Einstein field equations for general relativity. By solving the Newman-Penrose equations (which are equivalent to the Einstein field equations), we generalise this notion of Bondi mass-energy and thereby provide a firm theoretical description of how an isolated gravitating system loses energy as it radiates gravitational waves, in a universe that expands at an accelerated rate. This is in line with the observational front of LIGO's first announcement in February 2016 that gravitational waves from the merger of a binary black hole system have been detected.
description: 5 pages. Proceedings from the Conference on Cosmology, Gravitational Waves and Particles, 6th to 10th of February, 2017, held at the Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, published as a brief review in Modern Physics Letters A
Optimization of Wireless Power Transfer Systems Enhanced by Passive Elements and Metasurfaces
Creators: name: Lang, Hans-Dieter
name: Sarris, Costas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a rigorous optimization technique for wireless power transfer (WPT) systems enhanced by passive elements, ranging from simple reflectors and intermedi- ate relays all the way to general electromagnetic guiding and focusing structures, such as metasurfaces and metamaterials. At its core is a convex semidefinite relaxation formulation of the otherwise nonconvex optimization problem, of which tightness and optimality can be confirmed by a simple test of its solutions. The resulting method is rigorous, versatile, and general -- it does not rely on any assumptions. As shown in various examples, it is able to efficiently and reliably optimize such WPT systems in order to find their physical limitations on performance, optimal operating parameters and inspect their working principles, even for a large number of active transmitters and passive elements.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation (March-1-2017)
A New Method to Measure the Post-Reionization Ionizing Background from the Joint Distribution of Lyman-$α$ and Lyman-$β$ Forest Transmission
Creators: name: Davies, Frederick B.
name: Hennawi, Joseph F.
name: Eilers, Anna-Christina
name: Lukić, Zarija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The amplitude of the ionizing background that pervades the intergalactic medium (IGM) at the end of the epoch of reionization provides a valuable constraint on the emissivity of the sources which reionized the Universe. While measurements of the ionizing background at lower redshifts rely on a simulation-calibrated mapping between the photoionization rate and the mean transmission of the Ly$α$ forest, at $z\gtrsim6$ the IGM becomes increasingly opaque, and transmission arises solely in narrow spikes separated by saturated Gunn-Peterson troughs. In this regime, the traditional approach of measuring the average transmission over large $\sim 50$ Mpc$/h$ regions is less sensitive and sub-optimal. Additionally, the five times smaller oscillator strength of the Ly$β$ transition implies the Ly$β$ forest is considerably more transparent at $z\gtrsim6$, even in the presence of contamination by foreground $z\sim 5$ Ly$α$ forest absorption. In this work we present a novel statistical approach to analyze the joint distribution of transmission spikes in the co-spatial $z\sim 6$ Ly$α$ and Ly$β$ forests. Our method relies on Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), which circumvents the necessity of computing the intractable likelihood function describing the highly correlated Ly$α$ and Ly$β$ transmission. We apply ABC to mock data generated from a large-volume hydrodynamical simulation combined with a state-of-the-art model of ionizing background fluctuations in the post-reionization IGM, and show that it is sensitive to higher IGM neutral hydrogen fractions than previous techniques. As a proof of concept, we apply this methodology to a real spectrum of a $z=6.54$ quasar and measure the ionizing background from $5.4\leq z \leq 6.4$ along this sightline with $\sim0.2$ dex statistical uncertainties.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures, ApJ submitted
Phase Field Characterization of Rock Fractures in Brazilian Splitting Test Specimens Containing Voids and Inclusions
Creators: name: Zhou, Shuwei
name: Zhuang, Xiaoying
name: Zhou, Jiaming
name: Liu, Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Brazilian splitting test is a widely used testing procedure for characterizing the tensile strength of natural rock or rock-like material due to the fact. However, the results of Brazilian tests on specimens with naturally existing voids and inclusions are strongly influenced by size effects and boundary conditions, while numerical modeling can assist in explaining and understanding the mechanisms. On the other hand, the potential of utilizing Brazilian test to characterize inhomogeneous deformation of rock samples with voids and inclusions of dissimilar materials still awaits to be explored. In the present study, fracture mechanisms in Brazilian discs with circular voids and filled inclusions are investigated by using the phase field model (PFM). The PFM is implemented within the framework of finite element method to study the influence of diameter, eccentricity, and quantity of the voids and inclusions on the fracture patterns and stress-strain curves. The phase field simulations can reproduce previous experimental phenomena and furthermore it deepens the understanding of the influence of inclusion and voids on the fracture pattern, overall strength and deformation behavior of inhomogeneous rock. The findings in the study highlight the potential of characterizing inhomogeneous rock through combining Brazilian tests and numerical modeling.
Nonequilibrium GW+EDMFT: Antiscreening and inverted populations from nonlocal correlations
Creators: name: Golez, Denis
name: Boehnke, Lewin
name: Strand, Hugo
name: Eckstein, Martin
name: Werner, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of screening in photo-doped Mott insulators with long-ranged interactions using a nonequilibrium implementation of the $GW$ plus extended dynamical mean field theory ($GW$+EDMFT) formalism. Our study demonstrates that the complex interplay of the injected carriers with bosonic degrees of freedom (charge fluctuations) can result in long-lived transient states with properties that are distinctly different from those of thermal equilibrium states. Systems with strong nonlocal interactions are found to exhibit a self-sustained population inversion of the doublons and holes. This population inversion leads to low-energy antiscreening which can be detected in time-resolved electron-energy loss spectra.
Nearest-Neighbor Tunneling Ansatz in the Bose-Hubbard Mode
Creators: name: Alexanian, Moorad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently introduced recurrence-relation ansatz applied to the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model is here applied to the Bose-Hubbard model that reduced the model to an easily soluble model. The results obtained for the two-point density correlations resemble somewhat those obtained recently also but in a much more complicated fashion. Our ansatz may be of value for the solution of many-body quantum mechanical problems.
National Association of Women Artists 79th Anniversary Exhibition, May 15th - June 1st, 1969
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1969

description: The National Association of Women Artists (NAWA) was established in 1889 and is the oldest professional women's fine arts organization in the United States. NAWA's mission is to promote awareness of, and interest in, visual art created by women in the United States. As part of this effort NAWA holds an annual exhibition of works by members of the association and publishes an exhibition catalog to accompany or commemorate the annual exhibitions. These catalogs not only function as an exhibition catalog, but also as a document that summarizes the structure, membership, and activities of the association.Information that can be found in these catalogs includes lists of officers, members of the executive board and committees, prize winners, lists of exhibitor and members, and images of some of the artwork exhibited. Catalogs from the 2000s also include information on NAWA events and activities beyond the annual exhibition.Please note that the numbering of the annual catalogs was adjusted in 1960 and again in 1971. For example, NAWA designated the annual exhibition in 1960 as the 70th Anniversary Exhibition after 1959 was the 67th Annual Exhibition. These adjustments appear to have been made to reflect the date of the founding of the association, so that, by 1989, the annual exhibition commemorated the 100-year anniversary of the founding of NAWA in 1889.
Star Cluster Formation from Turbulent Clumps. I. The Fast Formation Limit
Creators: name: Farias, Juan P.
name: Tan, Jonathan C.
name: Chatterjee, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation and early evolution of star clusters assuming that they form from a turbulent starless clump of given mass bounded inside a parent self-gravitating molecular cloud characterized by a particular mass surface density. As a first step we assume instantaneous star cluster formation and gas expulsion. We draw our initial conditions from observed properties of starless clumps. We follow the early evolution of the clusters up to 20 Myr, investigating effects of different star formation efficiencies, primordial binary fractions and eccentricities and primordial mass segregation levels. We investigate clumps with initial masses of $M_{\rm cl}=3000\:{\rm M}_\odot$ embedded in ambient cloud environments with mass surface densities, $Σ_{\rm cloud}=0.1$ and $1\:{\rm g\:cm^{-2}}$. We show that these models of fast star cluster formation result, in the fiducial case, in clusters that expand rapidly, even considering only the bound members. Clusters formed from higher $Σ_{\rm cloud}$ environments tend to expand more quickly, so are soon larger than clusters born from lower $Σ_{\rm cloud}$ conditions. To form a young cluster of a given age, stellar mass and mass surface density, these models need to assume a parent molecular clump that is many times denser, which is unrealistic compared to observed systems. We also show that in these models the initial binary properties are only slightly modified by interactions, meaning that binary properties, e.g., at 20 Myr, are very similar to those at birth. With this study we set up the basis of future work where we will investigate more realistic models of star formation compared to this instantaneous, baseline case.
description: 25 pages, 19 figures. Accepted by ApJ
Mathematical Singularities in the Farthest Confines of the Universe -- And a Brief Report on Its Evolutionary History
Creators: name: Elizalde, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is advisable to avoid and, even better, demystify such grandiose terms as "infinity" or "singularity" in the description of the cosmos. Its proliferation does not positively contribute to the understanding of key concepts that are essential for an updated account of its origin and evolutionary history. It will be here argued that, as a matter of fact, there are no infinities in physics, in the real world: all that appears, in any given formulation of nature by means of mathematical equations, actually arises from extrapolations, which are made beyond the bounds of validity of the equations themselves. Such a crucial point is rather well known, but too often forgotten, and is discussed in this paper with several examples; namely, the famous Big Bang singularity and others, which appeared before in classical mechanics and electrodynamics, and notably in the quantization of field theories. A brief description of the Universe's history and evolution follows. Special emphasis is put on what is presently known, from detailed observations of the cosmos and, complementarily, from advanced experiments of very high-energy physics. To conclude, a future perspective on how this knowledge might soon improve is given.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures
A self-consistent 3D model of fluctuations in the helium-ionizing background
Creators: name: Davies, Frederick B.
name: Furlanetto, Steven R.
name: Dixon, Keri L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large variations in the effective optical depth of the He II Ly$α$ forest have been observed at $z\gtrsim2.7$, but the physical nature of these variations is uncertain: either the Universe is still undergoing the process of He II reionization, or the Universe is highly ionized but the He II-ionizing background fluctuates significantly on large scales. In an effort to build upon our understanding of the latter scenario, we present a novel model for the evolution of ionizing background fluctuations. Previous models have assumed the mean free path of ionizing photons to be spatially uniform, ignoring the dependence of that scale on the local ionization state of the intergalactic medium (IGM). This assumption is reasonable when the mean free path is large compared to the average distance between the primary sources of He II-ionizing photons, $\gtrsim L_\star$ quasars. However, when this is no longer the case, the background fluctuations become more severe, and an accurate description of the average propagation of ionizing photons through the IGM requires additionally accounting for the fluctuations in opacity. We demonstrate the importance of this effect by constructing 3D semi-analytic models of the helium ionizing background from $z=2.5$-$3.5$ that explicitly include a spatially varying mean free path of ionizing photons. The resulting distribution of effective optical depths at large scales in the He II Ly$α$ forest is very similar to the latest observations with HST/COS at $2.5 \lesssim z \lesssim 3.5$.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Slice-to-volume medical image registration: a survey
Creators: name: Ferrante, Enzo
name: Paragios, Nikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: During the last decades, the research community of medical imaging has witnessed continuous advances in image registration methods, which pushed the limits of the state-of-the-art and enabled the development of novel medical procedures. A particular type of image registration problem, known as slice-to-volume registration, played a fundamental role in areas like image guided surgeries and volumetric image reconstruction. However, to date, and despite the extensive literature available on this topic, no survey has been written to discuss this challenging problem. This paper introduces the first comprehensive survey of the literature about slice-to-volume registration, presenting a categorical study of the algorithms according to an ad-hoc taxonomy and analyzing advantages and disadvantages of every category. We draw some general conclusions from this analysis and present our perspectives on the future of the field.
description: Accepted for publication in Medical Image Analysis
Energetics and Birth Rates of Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Leahy, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Published X-ray emission properties for a sample of 50 supernova remnants (SNRs) in the LMC are used as input for SNR evolution modelling calculations. The forward shock emission is modelled to obtain the initial explosion energy, age, and circumstellar medium density for each SNR in the sample. The resulting age distribution yields a SNR birthrate of 1/(500 yr) for the LMC. The explosion energy distribution is well fit by a log-normal distribution, with most-probable explosion energy of $0.5\times10^{51}$erg, with a 1-$σ$ dispersion by factor 3 in energy. The circumstellar medium density distribution is broader than the explosion energy distribution, with most-probable density of $\sim$0.1 cm$^{-3}$. The shape of the density distribution can be fit with a log-normal distribution, with incompleteness at high density caused by shorter evolution times of SNRs.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Mneme_Gerakaki_Chrysa.pdf
Creators: name: Gerakaki, Chrysa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Architectural design
Architectural history, theory and criticism
Architecture for disaster relief
Architectural heritage and conservation

description: As every writing bears the traces of an autobiography, this work is drawing from my own experiences that I consciously brought into this study. In 2018 a devastating event of a wildfire near Athens, Greece resulted in taking the life of 103 people, leaving many people homeless, severely injured, and emotionally drained. This was my neighborhood. This thesis explores the aesthetics of remembrance and the relationship between memory and memorial architecture. Memory, Identity, and Architecture are initially examined, in order to understand how architecture can contribute to the process of commemoration, by turning a traumatic event, experienced individually into collective memory. The research leads to the architectural proposal of a memorial in Mati, Greece. Five interventions of various scales, scattered in the area to create a larger image of a memorial site. A network of emblems, symbols of the handling of some of the most critical moments of the disaster. Scars from a day that should not be forgotten.
Full Momentum and Energy Resolved Spectral Function of a 2D Electronic System
Creators: name: Jang, Joonho
name: Yoo, Heun Mo
name: Pfeiffer, Loren
name: West, Ken
name: Baldwin, K. W.
name: Ashoori, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The single-particle spectral function measures the density of electronic states (DOS) in a material as a function of both momentum and energy, providing central insights into phenomena such as superconductivity and Mott insulators. While scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and other tunneling methods have provided partial spectral information, until now only angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has permitted a comprehensive determination of the spectral function of materials in both momentum and energy. However, ARPES operates only on electronic systems at the material surface and cannot work in the presence of applied magnetic fields. Here, we demonstrate a new method for determining the full momentum and energy resolved electronic spectral function of a two-dimensional (2D) electronic system embedded in a semiconductor. In contrast with ARPES, the technique remains operational in the presence of large externally applied magnetic fields and functions for electronic systems with zero electrical conductivity or with zero electron density. It provides a direct high-resolution and high-fidelity probe of the dispersion and dynamics of the interacting 2D electron system. By ensuring the system of interest remains under equilibrium conditions, we uncover delicate signatures of many-body effects involving electron-phonon interactions, plasmons, polarons, and a novel phonon analog of the vacuum Rabi splitting in atomic systems.
Constraining Relativistic Generalizations of Modified Newtonian Dynamics with Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Chesler, Paul M.
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the weak-field limit of General Relativity, gravitational waves obey linear equations and propagate at the speed of light. These properties of General Relativity are supported by the observation of ultra high energy cosmic rays as well as by LIGO's recent detection of gravitation waves. We argue that two existing relativistic generalizations of Modified Newtonian Dynamics, namely Generalized Einstein-Aether theory and BIMOND, display fatal inconsistencies with these observations.
description: Minor clarifications, title changed, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
New radiographic image processing tested on the simple and double-flux platform at OMEGA
Creators: name: Poujade, Olivier
name: Ferri, Michel
name: Geoffray, Isabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ablation fronts and shocks are two radiative/hydrodynamic features ubiquitous in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). A specially designed shock-tube experiment was tested on the OMEGA laser facility to observe these two features evolve at once and to assess thermodynamical and radiative properties. It is a basic science experiment aimed at improving our understanding of shocked and ablated matter which is critical to ICF design. At all time, these two moving "interfaces" separate the tube into three distinct zones where matter is either ablated, shocked or unshocked. The {\it simple-flux} or {\it double-flux} experiments, respectively one or two halfraum-plus-tube, have been thought up to observe and image these zones using x-ray and visible image diagnostic. The possibility of observing all three regions at once was instrumental in our new radiographic image processing used to remove the backlighter background otherwise detrimental to quantitative measurement. By so doing, after processing the radiographic images of the 15 shots accumulated during the 2013 and 2015 campaigns, a quantitative comparison between experiments and our radiative hydrocode simulations was made possible. Several points of the principal Hugoniot of the aerogel used as a light material in the shock-tube were inferred from that comparison. Most surprisingly, rapid variations of relative-transmission in the ablated region were observed during radiographic irradiations while it remained constant in the shocked region. This effect might be attributed to the spectral distribution variability of the backlighter during the radiographic pulse. Numerically, that distribution is strongly dependent upon NLTE models and it could potentially be used as a mean to discriminate among them.
Boutique de bourrelier « Au Cheval noir » de Gaston Batlle. Colliers de cheval en réparation devant la boutique
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract