cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observation of a many-body-localized discrete time crystal with a programmable spin-based quantum simulator
Creators: name: Randall, J.
name: Bradley, C. E.
name: van der Gronden, F. V.
name: Galicia, A.
name: Abobeih, M. H.
name: Markham, M.
name: Twitchen, D. J.
name: Machado, F.
name: Yao, N. Y.
name: Taminiau, T. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrete time crystal (DTC) is a recently discovered phase of matter that spontaneously breaks time-translation symmetry. Disorder-induced many-body-localization is required to stabilize a DTC to arbitrary times, yet an experimental investigation of this localized regime has proven elusive. Here, we observe the hallmark signatures of a many-body-localized DTC using a novel quantum simulation platform based on individually controllable $^{13}$C nuclear spins in diamond. We demonstrate the characteristic long-lived spatiotemporal order and confirm that it is robust for generic initial states. Our results are consistent with the realization of an out-of-equilibrium Floquet phase of matter and establish a programmable quantum simulator based on solid-state spins for exploring many-body physics.
Stability of the Kamloops silt bluffs
Creators: name: Lum, Ken King Yee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Stability problems are encountered within the gIacioIacustrine silts of the South Thompson Valley near Kamloops, British Columbia. Field investigations have been carried out examining slope failures, piping and collapse features typical of the area. The strength parameters, collapse mechanism and the nature of the cohesion of the silt were examined in the laboratory. The sensitivity of the soil to slight inputs of water has been examined in detail from the strength and structural stability aspects. A collapse mechanism has been proposed for the lacustrine silt. Although the colluvium derived from the lacustrine silt is known to be highly collapsible, only preliminary laboratory tests have been performed on the colluvial material. The short and long term stability of the slopes have been studied with consideration given to the effects of urban development. Based on stability considerations, a possible zoning scheme for urban development has been proposed.
Soft robotic shell with active thermal display
Creators: name: Osawa, Yukiko
name: Kinbara, Yuho
name: Kageoka, Masakazu
name: Iida, Kenji
name: Kheddar, Abderrahmane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Almost all robotic systems in use have hard shells, which is limiting in many ways their full potential of physical interaction with humans or their surrounding environment. Robots with soft-shell covers offer an alternative morphology which is more pleasant in both appearance and for haptic human interaction. A persisting challenge in such soft-shell robotic covers is the simultaneous realization of softness and heat-conducting properties. Such heat-conducting properties are important for enabling temperature-control of robotic covers in the range that is comfortable for human touch. The presented soft-shell robotic cover is composed of a linked two-layer structure: (i) the inner layer, with built-in pipes for water circulation, is soft and acts as a thermal-isolation layer between the cover and the robot structure, whereas (ii) the outer layer, which can be patterned with a given desired texture and color, allows heat transfer from the circulating water of the inner part to the surface. Moreover, we demonstrate the ability to integrate our prototype cover with a humanoid robot equipped with capacitance sensors. This fabrication technique enables robotic cover possibilities, including tunable color, surface texture, and size, that are likely to have applications in a variety of robotic systems.
Effect of high-intensity ultrasound on superconducting properties of polycrystalline YBCO
Creators: name: Prozorov, T.
name: McCarty, B.
name: Prozorov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High intensity ultrasonic irradiation (sonication) of alkane slurries of polycrystalline \ybco leads to a significant modification of the grain morphology and, if performed with enforced oxygen flow, results in the increase of the superconducting transition temperature. Sonication with added Fe(CO)$_5$ produces magnetic \fe2o3 nanoparticles deposited on the surface of \ybco (YBCO) granules. Upon sintering these nanoparticles should act as efficient pinning centers utilizing both condensation and magnetic contributions to the free energy. The developed method could become a major technique to produce practically useful high-pinning nanocomposite materials based on \ybco superconductor.
description: to be presented at LT-25 conference
Gamma flashes from relativistic electron-positron plasma droplets
Creators: name: Mustafa, Munshi G.
name: Kampfer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-intense lasers are expected to produce, in near future, relativistic electron-positron plasma droplets. Considering the local photon production rate in complete leading order in quantum electrodynamics (QED), we point out that these droplets are interesting sources of gamma ray flashes
description: 4 pages, 6 figures; Text has been revised and new refs. are added
Topology and Geometry of Smectic Order on Compact Curved Substrates
Creators: name: Xing, Xiangjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Smectic order on arbitrary curved substrate can be described by a differential form of rank one (1-form), whose geometric meaning is the differential of the local phase field of the density modulation. The exterior derivative of 1-form is the local dislocation density. Elastic deformations are described by superposition of exact differential forms. We use the formalism of differential forms to systematically classify and characterize all low energy smectic states on torus as well as on sphere. A two dimensional smectic order confined on either manifold exhibits many topologically distinct low energy states. Different states are not accessible from each other by local fluctuations. The total number of low energy states scales as the square root of the system area. We also address the energetics of 2D smectic on a curved substrate and calculate the mean field phase diagram of smectic on a thin torus. Finally, we discuss the motion of disclinations for spherical smectics as low energy excitations, and illustrate the interesting connection between spherical smectic and the theory of elliptic functions.
description: 56 pages, 21 eps figures. To appear in the Journal of Statistical Physics
Following the Lithium: Tracing Li-bearing Molecules Across Age, Mass, and Gravity in Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Gharib-Nezhad, Ehsan
name: Marley, Mark S.
name: Batalha, Natasha E.
name: Visscher, Channon
name: Freedman, Richard S.
name: Lupu, Roxana E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lithium is an important element for the understanding of ultracool dwarfs because it is lost to fusion at masses above $\sim 68\, M_{\rm J}$. Hence, the presence or absence of atomic Li has served as an indicator of the nearby H-burning boundary at about $75\,M_{\rm J}$ between brown-dwarfs and very low-mass stars. Historically the "Lithium test", a search for the presence and strength of the Li line at 670.8 nm, has been a marker if an object has a substellar mass with stellar-like spectral energy distribution (e.g., a late-type M dwarf). While the Li test could in principle also be used to distinguish masses of later-type L-T dwarfs, Li is predominantly no longer found as an atomic gas, but rather a molecular species such as LiH, LiF, LiOH, and LiCl in their cooler atmospheres. L- and T-type brown dwarfs are also quite faint at 670 nm and thus challenging targets for high resolution spectroscopy. But only recently have experimental molecular line lists become available for the molecular Li species, allowing molecular Li mass discrimination. In this study, we generated the latest opacity of each of these Li-bearing molecules and performed thermochemical equilibrium atmospheric composition calculation of the abundance of these molecules. Finally, we computed thermal emission spectra for a series of radiative-convective equilibrium models of cloudy and cloudless brown dwarf atmospheres (with $T_{\rm eff}=$ 500--2400~K, and $\log g$=4.0, 4.5, 5.0) to understand where the presence or absence of atmospheric lithium-bearing species is most easily detected as a function of brown dwarf mass and age. After atomic Li, the best spectral signatures were found to be LiF at $10.5-12.5$~\micron and LiCl at $14.5-18.5$ $\micron$. LiH also shows a narrow feature at $\sim 9.38$ $\micron$.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, In final revision at ApJ. Comments welcome
Correlations and Omori law in Spamming
Creators: name: Ciamarra, Massimo Pica
name: Coniglio, Antonio
name: de Arcangelis, Lucilla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most costly and annoying characteristic of the e-mail communication system is the large number of unsolicited commercial e-mails, known as spams, that are continuously received. Via the investigation of the statistical properties of the spam delivering intertimes, we show that spams delivered to a given recipient are time correlated: if the intertime between two consecutive spams is small (large), then the next spam will most probably arrive after a small (large) intertime. Spam temporal correlations are reproduced by a numerical model based on the random superposition of spam sequences, each one described by the Omori law. This and other experimental findings suggest that statistical approaches may be used to infer how spammers operate.
description: Europhysics Letters, to appear
AMAZE. I. The evolution of the mass-metallicity relation at z>3
Creators: name: Maiolino, R.
name: Nagao, T.
name: Grazian, A.
name: Cocchia, F.
name: Marconi, A.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Pipino, A.
name: Ballero, S.
name: Calura, F.
name: Chiappini, C.
name: Fontana, A.
name: Granato, G. L.
name: Matteucci, F.
name: Pastorini, G.
name: Pentericci, L.
name: Risaliti, G.
name: Salvati, M.
name: Silva, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present initial results of an ESO-VLT large programme (AMAZE) aimed at determining the evolution of the mass-metallicity relation at z>3 by means of deep near-IR spectroscopy. Gas metallicities are measured, for an initial sample of nine star forming galaxies at z~3.5, by means of optical nebular lines redshifted into the near-IR. Stellar masses are accurately determined by using Spitzer-IRAC data, which sample the rest-frame near-IR stellar light in these distant galaxies. When compared with previous surveys, the mass-metallicity relation inferred at z~3.5 shows an evolution much stronger than observed at lower redshifts. The evolution is prominent even in massive galaxies, indicating that z~3 is an epoch of major action in terms of star formation and metal enrichment also for massive systems. There are also indications that the metallicity evolution of low mass galaxies is stronger relative to high mass systems, an effect which can be considered the chemical version of the galaxy downsizing. The mass-metallicity relation observed at z~3.5 is difficult to reconcile with the predictions of some hierarchical evolutionary models. Such discrepancies suggest that at z>3 galaxies are assembled mostly with relatively un-evolved sub-units, i.e. small galaxies with low star formation efficiency. The bulk of the star formation and metallicity evolution probably occurs once small galaxies are already assembled into bigger systems.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, A&A in press, replaced with accepted version
The diffuse $γ$-ray background is dominated by star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Roth, Matt A.
name: Krumholz, Mark R.
name: Crocker, Roland M.
name: Celli, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has revealed a diffuse $γ$-ray background at energies from 0.1 GeV to 1 TeV, which can be separated into Galactic emission and an isotropic, extragalactic component. Previous efforts to understand the latter have been hampered by the lack of physical models capable of predicting the $γ$-ray emission produced by the many candidate sources, primarily active galactic nuclei and star-forming galaxies, leaving their contributions poorly constrained. Here we present a calculation of the contribution of star-forming galaxies to the $γ$-ray background that does not rely on empirical scalings, and is instead based on a physical model for the $γ$-ray emission produced when cosmic rays accelerated in supernova remnants interact with the interstellar medium. After validating the model against local observations, we apply it to the observed cosmological star-forming galaxy population and recover an excellent match to both the total intensity and the spectral slope of the $γ$-ray background, demonstrating that star-forming galaxies alone can explain the full diffuse, isotropic $γ$-ray background.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures. This work has been published in Nature. The version deposited here is the author's pre-print and may not reflect post-acceptance corrections or formatting related changes. The published version (Version of Record) of this manuscript is available at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03802-x
Physical States and BRST Operators for Higher-spin $W$ Strings
Creators: name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
name: Wei, Shao-Wen
name: Zhang, Li-Jie
name: Ren, Ji-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we mainly investigate the $W_{2,s}^{M}\otimes W_{2,s}^{L}$ system, in which the matter and the Liouville subsystems generate $W_{2,s}^{M}$ and $W_{2,s}^L$ algebras respectively. We first give a brief discussion of the physical states for corresponding $W$ stings. The lower states are given by freezing the spin-2 and spin-$s$ currents. Then, introducing two pairs of ghost-like fields, we give the realizations of $W_{1,2,s}$ algebras. Based on these linear realizations, BRST operators for $W_{2,s}$ algebras are obtained. Finally, we construct new BRST charges of Liouville system for $W_{2,s}^{L}$ strings at the specific values of central charges $c$: $c=-{22/5}$ for $W_{2,3}^{L}$ algebra, $c=-24$ for $W_{2,4}^{L}$ algebra and $c=-2,-{286/3}$ for $W_{2,6}^{L}$ algebra, at which the corresponding $W_{2,s}^L$ algebras are singular.
description: 18 pages, 2 tables, no figures
On the shock wave spectrum for isentropic gas dynamics with capillarity
Creators: name: Humpherys, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q30, 35Q35

description: We consider the stability problem for shock layers in Slemrod's model of an isentropic gas with capillarity. We show that these traveling waves are monotone in the weak capillarity case, and become highly oscillatory as the capillarity strength increases. Using a spectral energy estimate we prove that small-amplitude monotone shocks are spectrally stable. We also show, through the use of a novel spectral energy estimate, that monotone shocks have no unstable real spectrum regardless of amplitude; this implies that any instabilities of these monotone traveling waves, if they exist, must occur through a Hopf-like bifurcation, where one or more conjugate pairs of eigenvalues cross the imaginary axis. We then conduct a systematic numerical Evans function study, which shows that monotone and mildly oscillatory profiles in an adiabatic gas are spectrally stable for moderate values of shock and capillarity strengths. In particular, we show that the transition from monotone to non-monotone profiles does not appear to trigger any instabilities.
High-frequency VLBI observations of SgrA* during a multi-frequency campaign in May 2007
Creators: name: Lu, R. -S.
name: Krichbaum, T. P.
name: Eckart, A.
name: König, S.
name: Kunneriath, D.
name: Witzel, G.
name: Witzel, A.
name: Zensus, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In May 2007 the compact radio source Sgr A* was observed in a global multi-frequency monitoring campaign, from radio to X-ray bands. Here we present and discuss first and preliminary results from polarization sensitive VLBA observations, which took place during May 14-25, 2007. Here, Sgr A* was observed in dual polarization on 10 consecutive days at 22, 43, and 86 GHz. We describe the VLBI experiments, our data analysis, monitoring program and show preliminary images obtained at the various frequencies. We discuss the data with special regard also to the short term variability.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures;necessary style files included; contribution for the conference "The Universe under the Microscope" (AHAR 2008), held in Bad Honnef (Germany) in April 2008, to be published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series by Institute of Physics Publishing, R. Schoedel, A. Eckart, S. Pfalzner, and E. Ros (eds.)
Sgr B2 hard X-ray emission with INTEGRAL after 2009: still detectable?
Creators: name: Kuznetsova, Ekaterina
name: Krivonos, Roman
name: Lutovinov, Alexander
name: Clavel, Maïca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular cloud Sgr B2 is a natural Compton mirror in the Central Molecular Zone. An observed fading of the Sgr B2 X-ray emission in continuum and Fe K$α$ 6.4 keV line indicates, as believed, a past X-ray flare activity of the supermassive black hole Sgr A$^{\star}$. The Sgr B2 was investigated by the INTEGRAL observatory at hard X-rays in 2003-2009, showing a clear decay of its hard X-ray emission. In this work, we present a long-term time evolution of the Sgr B2 hard X-ray continuum after 2009, associated with the hard X-ray source IGR J17475-2822 as observed by INTEGRAL. The 30-80 keV sky maps, obtained in 2009-2019, demonstrate a significant excess spatially consistent with IGR J17475-2822. The observed 2003-2019 light curve of IGR J17475-2822 is characterized by a linear decrease by a factor of $\sim2$ until 2011, after which it reaches a constant level of $\sim1$ mCrab. The source spectrum above 17 keV is consistent with a power-law model with $Γ=1.4$ and a high-energy cut-off at $\sim43$ keV. The Sgr B2 residual emission after $\sim2011$ shows a good correspondence with models of the X-ray emission due to the irradiation of the molecular gas by hard X-rays and low-energy cosmic ray ions. We discuss the possible origin of the residual Sgr B2 emission after 2011 within these models, including theoretically predicted multiply-scattered emission.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Accepted to MNRAS
Compactly supported cohomology of buildings
Creators: name: Davis, Michael
name: Dymara, Jan
name: Januszkiewicz, Tadeusz
name: Meier, John
name: Okun, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65: 57M07

description: We compute the compactly supported cohomology of the standard realization of any locally finite building.
Singular angular magnetoresistance and sharp resonant features in a high-mobility metal with open orbits, ReO3
Creators: name: Quirk, Nicholas P.
name: Nguyen, Loi T.
name: Hu, Jiayi
name: Cava, R. J.
name: Ong, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report high-resolution angular magnetoresistance (AMR) experiments performed on crystals of ReO$_3$ with high mobility (90,000 cm$^2$/Vs at 2 K) and extremely low residual resistivity (5-8 n$Ω$cm). The Fermi surface, comprised of intersecting cylinders, supports open orbits. The resistivity $ρ_{xx}$ in a magnetic field $B$ = 9 T displays a singular pattern of behavior. With $\bf E\parallel \hat{x}$ and $\bf B$ initially $\parallel\bf\hat{z}$, tilting $\bf B$ in the longitudinal $k_z$-$k_x$ plane leads to a steep decrease in $ρ_{xx}$ by a factor of 40. However, if $\bf B$ is tilted in the transverse $k_y$-$k_z$ plane, $ρ_{xx}$ increases steeply by a factor of 8. Using the Shockley tube integral approach, we show that, in ReO$_3$, the singular behavior results from the rapid conversion of closed to open orbits, resulting in opposite signs for AMR in orthogonal planes. The floor values of $ρ_{xx}$ in both AMR scans are identified with specific sets of open and closed orbits. Also, the "completion angle" $γ_c$ detected in the AMR is shown to be an intrinsic geometric feature that provides a new way to measure the Fermi radius $k_F$. However, additional sharp resonant features which appear at very small tilt angles in the longitudinal AMR scans are not explained by the tube integral approach.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
INCLUSÃO DA MULHER NO ESPAÇO EDUCACIONAL BRASILEIRO: aspectos históricos da trajetória feminina na educação superior
Creators: name: Dotta, Alexandre Godoy
name: Tomazoni, Larissa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: educação
mulher
luta da mulher
igualdade
inclusão

description: Como escopo principais resultados o processo histórico de inclusão da mulher no espaço educacional brasileiro. Orienta-se mediante o seguinte questionamento: qual são os principais aspectos da trajetória percorrida pelas mulheres para a sua inclusão na educação brasileira? A investigação foi revelada a partir da revisão sistemática de bibliografias, documentos normativos e dados estatísticos de organismos oficiais . Objetiva definida como principais conquistas da mulher no espaço educacional. Descrição dos principais artifícios de exclusão enfrentados para inserção no ambiente escolar. Relata a condição da mulher no período colonial e imperial brasileiro, que é por um grande índice de analfabetismo, menosprezo intelectual e da privação total da educação. Aborda a realidade feminina no período inicial da república e apresenta as principais mudanças legislativas que propiciaram a inserção da mulher no espaço educativo. Descreve a criação das disciplinas específicas para a mulher voltadas para o serviço do lar, economia doméstica, cuidados com os filhos e a família. Apresenta o surgimento da pós-graduação na década de 1960 e o envio dos primeiros diplomas de mestrado e doutorado para mulheres no Brasil. Analisa os dados do Censo da Educação Superior sistematizados pelo INEP - Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Anísio Teixeira. Aponta os números ingressantes e concluintes por gênero nos anos de 2003 e 2013. Utiliza como fonte de dados informações compiladas pelo CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) para demonstrar o crescente número de mulheres no espaço acadêmico científico da educação superior. Conclui considerando que na atualidade a mulher é a maioria no espaço escolar, notadamente na educação superior, assim como na pós-graduação Stricto Sensu. Destaca que em 2014 aproximadamente 61% dos diplomas expedidos eram para mulheres; do mesmo modo nos cursos de doutorado cerca de 60% das pessoas tituladas são mulheres. Palavras-chave: Educação Brasileira; Inclusão da Mulher; Relações de Gênero na Educação; História da Mulher. Professor de Metodologia da Pesquisa Jurídica da Escola de Direito e Alexandre Godoy Dotta é Líder do Grupo DIVERGE - Direito, Diversidade Sexual e Relações de Gênero E-mail: alexandre.dotta@pucpr.br ; Doutor e Mestre em História da Educação. Larissa Tomazoni é Advogada, Especialista em Gênero e Sexualidade, Mestra em Direito na UnInter .. E-mail: lrtomazoni@gmail.com
Treatment of a municipal landfill leachate
Creators: name: Lee, Ching Jiang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: One of the problems associated with the disposal of solid wastes in landfills, particularly in high precipitation areas, is the pollution caused by the production of the often highly contaminated leachate. This study was initiated to investigate the treatability of a low-strength municipal landfill leachate using aerobic digestion followed by activated carbon polishing, so that the most cost effective treatment system could be determined. Sludge desorption and leachate toxicity assessment were also included in the study. The aerated lagoon process alone was very effective in treating the leachate to a quality that is nearly acceptable for discharge to a receiving water. Only SO₄ and Fe in the settled effluent significantly exceeded the local requlatory standards for specific discharges. Carbon adsorption greatly improved the settled effluent quality in terms of color, Fe and COD. However, the addition of this polishing process for combined treatment may not be cost effective. For an influent COD of 1,600 mg/1 and with MLVSS concentrations ranging between 360 and 560 mg/1, the settled effluent COD removal increased from 82.6% to as high as 90.1% when 9C was increased from 2 to 10 days. For the corresponding influent BOD5 of about 1,000 mg/1 and with θ[sub c] greater than 3 days, the BOD5 removal efficiencies averaged 99.1% and the settled effluent BOD5's were no greater than 10 mg/1. This indicates that the raw leachate can be almost completely biodegraded by aerobic digestion. The metal removal efficiency in aerobic treatment was greater than 95% for Fe and Mn, better than 90% for Zn and Pb, and about 80% for Al. Metals expected to be mainly or significantly removed by chemical precipitation due to pH change during treatment included Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn and Pb. Analysis of the kinetic parameters associated with the biological treatment indicated that the concentrations of pollutants, such as heavy metals, in the leachate were not great enough to cause significant inhibition of biological growth. It also showed that this leachate could very likely be added to a domestic sewage, in a high percentage, for aerobic treatment without producing adverse effects. From a treatment efficiency point of view, the optimum solids detention time was found to be 7 to 10 days for leachate BOD₅ ranging from 1,000 to 3,000 mg/1. However, since the predicted θ[sub c] for failure was 0.42 day at 22°C for a 1,000 mg/1 BOD₅ leachate, a θ[sub c] of 2 to 4 days seems possible in the field. On the other hand, the effects of winter temperature on BOD₅ removal and sludge settleability, as well as many other unknown factors on the overall biological treatment efficiency must be considered. It was, therefore, felt that a solids detention time of 5 days or more would be the more realistic approach for a full-scale treatment system, despite the fact that an economic analysis favored a shorter θ[sub c].
The Correlation between X-ray and UV Properties of BAL QSOs
Creators: name: Fan, LuLu
name: Wang, HuiYuan
name: Wang, Tinggui
name: Wang, Junxian
name: Dong, Xiaobo
name: Zhang, Kai
name: Cheng, Fuzhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compile a large sample of broad absorption lines (BAL) quasars with X-ray observations from the \xmm archive data and Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5. The sample consists of 41 BAL QSOs. Among 26 BAL quasars detected in X-ray, spectral analysis is possible for twelve objects. X-ray absorption is detected in all of them. Complementary to that of \citet{gall06} (thereafter G06), our sample spans wide ranges of both BALnicity Index (BI) and maximum outflow velocity (\vmax). Combining our sample with G06's, we find very significant correlations between the intrinsic X-ray weakness with both BALnicity Index (BI) and the maximum velocity of absorption trough. We do not confirm the previous claimed correlation between absorption column density and broad absorption line parameters. We tentatively interpret this as that X-ray absorption is necessary to the production of the BAL outflow, but the properties of the outflow are largely determined by intrinsic SED of the quasars.
description: 29 pages,6 figures,4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Different faces of confinement
Creators: name: Pasechnik, Roman
name: Šumbera, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review, we provide a short outlook of some of the currently most popular pictures and promising approaches to non-perturbative physics and confinement in gauge theories. A qualitative and by no means exhaustive discussion presented here covers such key topics as the phases of QCD matter, the order parameters for confinement, the central vortex and monopole pictures of the QCD vacuum structure, fundamental properties of the string tension, confinement realisations in gauge-Higgs and Yang-Mills theories, magnetic order/disorder phase transition among others.
description: 57 pages, 7 figures; an invited review for the Special Issue "Modern Approaches to Non-Perturbative QCD and other Confining Gauge Theories", in Universe 7 (2021) no. 9, 330
Growing length scale in gravity-driven dense granular flow
Creators: name: Tewari, Shubha
name: Tithi, Bidita
name: Ferguson, Allison
name: Chakraborty, Bulbul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report simulations of a two-dimensional, dense, bidisperse system of inelastic hard disks falling down a vertical tube under the influence of gravity. We examine the approach to jamming as the average flow of particles down the tube is slowed by making the outlet narrower. Defining coarse-grained velocity and stress fields, we study two-point temporal and spatial correlation functions of these fields in a region of the tube where the time-averaged velocity is spatially uniform. We find that fluctuations in both velocity and stress become increasingly correlated as the system approaches jamming. We extract a growing length scale and time scale from these correlations.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
The Hubble Legacy Archive NICMOS Grism Data
Creators: name: Freudling, Wolfram
name: Kümmel, Martin
name: Haase, Jonas
name: Hook, Richard
name: Kuntschner, Harald
name: Lombardi, Marco
name: Micol, Alberto
name: Stoehr, Felix
name: Walsh, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubble Legacy Archive (HLA) aims to create calibrated science data from the Hubble Space Telescope archive and make them accessible via user-friendly and Virtual Observatory (VO) compatible interfaces. It is a collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC) and the Space Telescope - European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF). Data produced by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) instruments with slitless spectroscopy modes are among the most difficult to extract and exploit. As part of the HLA project, the ST-ECF aims to provide calibrated spectra for objects observed with these HST slitless modes. In this paper, we present the HLA NICMOS G141 grism spectra. We describe in detail the calibration, data reduction and spectrum extraction methods used to produce the extracted spectra. The quality of the extracted spectra and associated direct images is demonstrated through comparison with near-IR imaging catalogues and existing near-IR spectroscopy. The output data products and their associated metadata are publicly available through a web form at http://hla.stecf.org and via VO interfaces. In total, 2470 spectra of 1923 unique targets are included in the current release.
description: 18 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Constraints on Dark Energy Models from Weak Gravity Conjecture
Creators: name: Chen, Ximing
name: Liu, Jie
name: Gong, Yungui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the constraints on the dark energy model with constant equation of state parameter $w=p/ρ$ and the holographic dark energy model by using the weak gravity conjecture. The combination of weak gravity conjecture and the observational data gives $w
description: 4 two column pages, 3 figures, accepted by Chin. Phys. Lett
Quantum mechanical complementarity probed in a closed-loop Aharonov-Bohm interferometer
Creators: name: Chang, Dong-In
name: Khym, Gyong Luck
name: Kang, Kicheon
name: Chung, Yunchul
name: Lee, Hu-Jong
name: Seo, Minky
name: Heiblum, Moty
name: Mahalu, Diana
name: Umansky, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to Bohr's complementarity principle, a particle possesses wave-like properties only when the different paths the particle may take are indistinguishable. In a canonical example of a two-path interferometer with a which-path detector, observation of interference and obtaining which-path information are mutually exclusive. Such duality has been demonstrated in optics with a pair of correlated photons and in solid-state devices with phase-coherent electrons. In the latter case, which-path information was provided by a charge detector embedded near one path of a two-path electron interferometer. Note that suppression of interference can always be understood either as obtaining path information or as unavoidable back action by the detector. The present study reports on dephasing of an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) ring interferometer via a coupled charge detector adjacent to the ring. In contrast to the two-path interferometer, charge detection in the ring does not always provide path information. Indeed, we found that the interference was suppressed only when path information could be acquired, even if only in principle. This demonstrates that dephasing does not always take place by coupling the `environment' to the interfering particle: path information of the particle must be available too. Moreover, this is valid regardless of the strength of environment-interferometer coupling, which refutes the general notion of the effect of strong interaction with the environment. In other words, it verifies that an acquisition of which-path information is more fundamental than the back-action in understanding quantum mechanical complementarity.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Ground surface motions in the Fraser delta due to earthquakes
Creators: name: Wallis, Douglas Montague
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the potential ground surface motions in the Fraser Delta due to earthquakes. The geological history of the area is reviewed and information concerning the nature of the thick soil deposits that form the Delta is presented. The dynamic properties of the Delta soils are calculated and a model of the deposit is developed for use with existing computer analysis based on wave propagation theory. The computer analysis method involves the computation of the ground motions as a vertically propagating shear wave passes from bedrock, through soil layers, to the surface. The accuracy of the model was checked at three sites by comparison of the surface motions computed using a recorded bedrock object motion with the ground surface motion recorded during the same earthquake. The close correlation between the computed and recorded motions confirms the validity of the analysis method and the soil model. The surface motions resulting from larger, maximum probable, earthquakes are computed. It was found that the thick soil deposits of the Delta affect both the ground accelerations and the period of the peak structural accelerations. Under the influence of low magnitude earthquakes the maximum acceleration is larger on the surface of the deep soil deposits than it is on nearby bedrock outcrops, while for large magnitude earthquakes the reverse is true. During large magnitude earthquakes, short buildings with periods of 0.25 sec. will experience greater accelerations if they are founded on bedrock than they will if founded on the thick soil deposits of the Delta. Taller buildings with periods of about one second will experience far greater accelerations if they are founded on deep soil deposits than they would if founded on bedrock. Comparison of Standard Penetration Test data in the Fraser Delta with empirical relations indicates that under large magnitude earthquakes liquefaction is likely in the upper few meters of the Delta sand deposits, but is unlikely below the 6 or 9 meter depth.
Intrinsic absorption in 3C 279 at GeV-TeV energies and consequences for estimates of the EBL
Creators: name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Mazin, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the limits of the level of the extragalactic background light (EBL) recently reported by the MAGIC collaboration based on the observed gamma-ray spectrum of the quasar 3C279, considering the impact of absorption of high-energy gamma-ray photons inside the broad line region (BLR) of the quasar. We use the photoionization code CLOUDY to calculate the expected optical-UV radiation field inside the BLR and the optical depth to gamma-rays for a relatively extended set of the parameters. We found that the absorption of gamma-ray photons, though important for the estimate of the true radiative output of the source, does not produce an important hardening of the spectrum of 3C279 in the energy band accessible by MAGIC, supporting the method used to infer the upper limits to the level of the EBL.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Particle current in symmetric exclusion process with time-dependent hopping rates
Creators: name: Marathe, Rahul
name: Jain, Kavita
name: Dhar, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent study, (Jain et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 190601), a symmetric exclusion process with time-dependent hopping rates was introduced. Using simulations and a perturbation theory, it was shown that if the hopping rates at two neighboring sites of a closed ring vary periodically in time and have a relative phase difference, there is a net DC current which decreases inversely with the system size. In this work, we simplify and generalize our earlier treatment. We study a model where hopping rates at all sites vary periodically in time, and show that for certain choices of relative phases, a DC current of order unity can be obtained. Our results are obtained using a perturbation theory in the amplitude of the time-dependent part of the hopping rate. We also present results obtained in a sudden approximation that assumes large modulation frequency.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
Multi-fluid potential in the loop cosmology
Creators: name: Mielczarek, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scalar field can behave like a fluid with equation of state $p_ϕ=wρ_ϕ$, where $w \in [-1,1]$. In this Letter we derive a class of the scalar field potentials for which $w=$ const. Scalar field with such a potential can mimic ordinary matter, radiation, cosmic strings, etc. We perform our calculations in the framework of the loop cosmology with holonomy corrections. We solve the model analytically for the whole parameter space. Subsequently, we perform similar consideration for the model with a phantom field ($w
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, new section on perturbations added. Version to appear in PLB
On the spin distributions of $Λ$CDM haloes
Creators: name: Hiotelis, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used merger trees realizations, predicted by the extended Press-Schechter theory, in order to study the growth of angular momentum of dark matter haloes. Our results showed that: 1) The spin parameter $λ'$ resulting from the above method, is an increasing function of the present day mass of the halo. The mean value of $λ'$ varies from 0.0343 to 0.0484 for haloes with present day masses in the range of $ 10^9\mathrm{h}^{-1}M_{\odot}$ to $10^{14}\mathrm{h}^{-1}M_{\odot}$. 2)The distribution of $λ'$ is close to a log-normal, but, as it is already found in the results of N-body simulations, the match is not satisfactory at the tails of the distribution. A new analytical formula that approximates the results much more satisfactorily is presented. 3) The distribution of the values of $λ'$ depends only weakly on the redshift. 4) The spin parameter of an halo depends on the number of recent major mergers. Specifically the spin parameter is an increasing function of this number.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
The decay-time of non-commutative micro-black holes
Creators: name: Casadio, Roberto
name: Nicolini, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-commutative black holes are characterised by a minimum mass which would result in a remnant after the Hawking evaporation ends. We numerically study the decay of neutral non-commutative black holes for up to ten spatial dimensions and typical parameters that would make their production possible at the LHC. Neglecting possible accretion mechanism, we find that decay-times are extremely short.
description: Latex, 8 pages, 3 figures
Progress in palliative care for cancer in Turkey: a review of the literature
Creators: name: Kutluk, Mustafa Tezer
name: ahmed, Fahad
name: Cemaloğlu, Mustafa
name: Aydın, Burça
name: Şengelen, Meltem
name: Kirazlı, Meral
name: Yurduşen, Sema
name: Sullivan, Richard
name: Harding, Richard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cancer

description: These are two supplementary tables for the article published cancermedical science titled "Progress in palliative care for cancer in Turkey: a review of the literature
Cherenkov Glue in Opaque Nuclear Medium
Creators: name: Dremin, I. M.
name: Kirakosyan, M. R.
name: Leonidov, A. V.
name: Vinogradov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum of Cherenkov gluons is calculated within the framework of in-medium QCD. It is compared with experimental data on the double-humped structure around the away-side jet obtained at RHIC. The values of the real and imaginary parts of the nuclear permittivity are obtained from these fits. It is shown that accounting for an additional smearing due to resonance-like production of final hadrons allows to achieve an agreement with experimental data.
Pressure-deformation relations of elasto-capillary drops (droploons) on capillaries
Creators: name: Ginot, Gaël
name: Kratz, Felix S.
name: Walzel, Friedrich
name: Farago, Jean
name: Kierfeld, Jan
name: Höhler, Reinhard
name: Drenckhan, Wiebke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple analytical relations for predicting pressure-deformation relations of drops/bubbles on capillaries with elastocapillary interfaces confirmed by Surface Evolver simulations.
description: 29 pages, 12 figures
Transverse Spin Structure of the Nucleon from COMPASS
Creators: name: Schill, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of transverse spin effects in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering is an important part of the COMPASS physics program. In the years 2002-2004 data were taken by scattering a 160 GeV muon beam on a transversely polarized deuteron target. In 2007, additional data were collected on a transversely polarized proton target. New results for the Collins and Sivers asymmetries from the analysis of the proton data are presented.
description: Proceedings of QCD08, Montpellier, July 2008
Discussion on some characteristics of the Charged Brane-world Black holes
Creators: name: Kalam, M.
name: Rahaman, F.
name: Ghosh, A.
name: Raychaudhuri, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several physical natures of charged brane-world black holes have been investigated. At first, time-like and null geodesics of the charged brane-world black holes are presented. We also analyze all the possible motions by plotting the effective potentials for various parameters for circular and radial geodesics. Secondly, we investigate the motion of test particles in the gravitational field of charged brane-world black holes using Hamilton-Jacobi (H-J) formalism. We have considered charged and uncharged test particles and examine its behavior both in static and non-static cases. Thirdly, thermodynamics of the charged brane-world black holes are studied. Finally, it has been also shown that there is no phenomenon of superradiance for an incident massless scalar field for this black hole.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures. To be appeared in Int.J.Mod.Phys.A