Fergusobia pruinosae Davies &amp; Ye &amp; Taylor &amp; Scheffer &amp; Bartholomaeus &amp; Giblin-Davis 2018, n. sp.
Creators: name: Davies, Kerrie A.
name: Ye, Weimin
name: Taylor, Gary S.
name: Scheffer, Sonja
name: Bartholomaeus, F.
name: Giblin-Davis, Robin M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Tylenchida
Fergusobiidae
Fergusobia
Fergusobia pruinosae

description: <i>Fergusobia pruinosae</i> Davies n. sp. <i>apud</i> MSp 62 (Davies <i>et al</i>. 2012a) (Fig. 3) Measurements. Table 4. <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: Parthenogenetic female, Tarara Bar, Carlton Hill Station, near Kununurra, WA, Australia (15°33.29´S 128°40.27´E). From roadside vegetation; flower bud galls on <i>Eucalyptus pruinosa</i> Schauer, collected K.A. Davies, 31.v.2001. On a slide with a paratype infective female and a male, deposited in the ANIC, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Paratypes: Vouchers (collection data as above) deposited at the WINC, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia, 5 parthenogenetic <b>&amp;female;</b> s, 4 infective females and 5 <b>Ƌs</b> on slides numbered WINC 004288-89 (WNC 2209); at the Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA, Australia, 9 parthenogenetic <b>&amp;female;</b> s, 4 infective females and 10 <b>Ƌ</b> s on slides; and at the USDA Nematode Collection, Beltsville, MD, USA 1 parthenogenetic <b>&amp;female;</b> and 1 <b>Ƌ</b> on a slide. Twenty parthenogenetic &amp;female; s, 10 pre-parasitic infective &amp;female; s and 16 &amp;male; s examined. <b>Description. Parthenogenetic female.</b> Body an open C-shape, with most curvature posterior to vulva; relatively broad (<i>a</i> 6.8–13.6, mean 10.9); of similar size to males and slightly larger than infective females; body narrows behind anus to form a conoid tail (Fig. 3A). Cuticle not swollen when fixed, sub-cuticle with strong longitudinal striae. Lateral fields faint, apparently with broken striae. Cephalic region <i>~</i> 80% diameter of body at anterior end, off-set, 1.5–3 µm high, unstriated; rounded outline in lateral view, circum-oral area barely raised (Fig. 3D). Amphids not seen. Stylet strongly sclerotised, with cone 30– 40% of length, basal knobs just higher than wide, 2–3 µm wide at base, rounded. Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal gland <i>~</i> 1–2 µm posterior to stylet knobs. Anterior fusiform part of digestive tract occupying 69 (52–80)% body diameter, length 3.2 (2.8–3.6) times diameter; lumen of tract broadens gradually in distal half of dorsal pharyngeal gland and remains distinct for <i>ca</i> 70% of body length. Pharyngeal glands enormous, extending over intestine, occupying 79 (74–87)% of body diameter, distance from head to posterior end of glands being 40 (30–49)% of total body length. Gland nucleus large, with large nucleolus. Secretory/excretory pore opens opposite nucleus of pharyngeal gland; duct obscure; secretory/excretory cell not seen. Hemizonid over ~2 annules, 5 or 6 annules anterior to pore (Fig. 3A). Reproductive tract extending to nerve ring; flexed in 8/ 20 specimens examined (number of flexures varying from 1 to 5); oviduct usually with two oocytes per row at proximal end; quadricolumella smooth; uterus with no or one egg; vulva a simple transverse slit with flat lips; no vulval plate. Anus pore-like. Tail conoid, curved, shape varying from slender to broader; concave on ventral side; length 1–2 times anal body diameter; tip bluntly or broadly rounded (Fig. 3J). <b>Infective pre-parasitic female.</b> Almost straight to J-shaped when relaxed by heat; relatively broad; maximum body diameter in posterior half of body length; body tapers sharply posterior to anus (Fig. 3B). Cuticle obscurely annulated, &lt;1 µm wide; longitudinal striae apparent with light microscope; lateral fields not seen. Cephalic region offset, sub-rectangular in shape; circum-oral area flat; stylet slender, weakly sclerotised with small basal knobs higher than wide; &lt;2µm wide; cone <i>~</i> 30% of length. Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal gland often obscure, ~1 µm posterior to stylet knobs. Anterior fusiform part of digestive tract little expanded, occupying 33–73% of body diameter, length 3.8 (2.9–5.0) times diameter. Pharyngeal glands obscure, extending over intestine, occupying ~60% body diameter, distance from head to posterior end of glands being 32 (28–35)% of total body length. Secretory/excretory pore opens posterior to pharyngeal glands; duct obscure. Hemizonid obscure, either immediately or 2 annules anterior to pore. Uterus packed with sperm in inseminated females, occupying ~60% of body length; vagina perpendicular to body axis, appears to be surrounded by strong muscles; reproductive tract hypertrophied in some specimens. Vulva a transverse slit, vulval lips flat, no vulval plate present. Anus an obscure pore. Tail short; length 1–1.5 times diameter at anus, tip distinctly notched (Fig. 3L). <b>Male.</b> Body arcuate to C-shaped when relaxed by heat, tail region slightly curved ventrally (Fig. 3C). Cuticle clearly annulated, annules ~1µm wide; strong longitudinal striae apparent with light microscope; lateral fields faint, lines not discernible. Cephalic region occupying ~75–80% anterior body diameter, offset, <i>~</i> 2–3 µm high; circum-oral area flat, with lightly sclerotised framework; stylet with cone ~40% of length, round knobs &lt;2 µm wide. Orifice of dorsal pharyngeal gland <i>~</i> 1 µm behind knobs. Anterior fusiform part of digestive tract occupying 69 (56–80)% of body diameter, length 2.8 (2.5–3.1) times diameter. Pharyngeal glands extending over intestine, occupying 64 (51–81)% of body diameter, distance from head to posterior end of glands being 33 (25–41)% of total body length. Secretory/excretory pore opens opposite nucleus of pharyngeal gland; duct obscure; secretory/excretory cell not seen. Hemizonid lens-like, extending over two annules, 3–5 annules in front of secretory/excretory pore. Reproductive tract with single testis, variable in length, usually extends part way along gland; testis, seminal vesicle and vas deferens not clearly differentiated. Bursa apparently leptoderan, smooth; may be prominent or obscure; arises 70–84% along length of body, in front of secretory/excretory pore but posterior to hemizonid. Spicules paired, angular (&gt;90°) at <i>~</i> 40–50% of length, with manubrium and shaft longer than blade; moderately sclerotised; manubrium similar to or wider than shaft, may or may not be offset dorsally; blade narrows evenly to bluntly rounded tip; opening terminal (Fig. 3K). Inconspicuous muscles associated with cloaca. Tail slender, arcuate, ventrally concave, conoid; length 9–11 times diameter at cloaca; bluntly to broadly rounded tip (Fig. 3M). <b>Diagnosis and relationships.</b> <i>Fergusobia pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is morphologically characterized by the combination of a medium sized, open C-shaped parthenogenetic female in which the cuticle does not swell upon fixation, having a strongly sclerotised stylet, with a more or less narrowly conoid tail with a bluntly or broadly rounded tip; an infective female that is arcuate to J-shaped with a notched tail tip; and an open C-shaped male with a stout, angular spicule and bursa arising near the secretory/excretory pore. Morphologically, <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is similar to <i>F. leptospermum, F. pauciflorae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> and <i>F.</i> <i>pimpamensis.</i> While DNA sequences are not available for <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, it was collected from FBGs on <i>E. pruinosa</i> (<i>Symphyomyrtus</i>, section <i>Adnataria</i>). Thus, its host plant is not close to those of the nematodes mentioned above (respectively, collected from <i>Leptospermum</i>, <i>Eucalyptus</i> section <i>Cineraceae</i>, and <i>Angophora</i>), suggesting that it is a true species. In addition, the infective female of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> has a distinctly notched tail that is not present in other described species. The male of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> differs from that of <i>F. leptospermum</i> in having a shorter bursa (arising 70–84 <i>vs</i> 95% along body length). The hemizonid is more anterior in the parthenogenetic female of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> than in that of <i>F. pauciflorae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> The male of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> has a body that is more curved than that of <i>F. pauciflorae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, and the structure of the spicule differs (being more arcuate in <i>F. robustae</i> <b>n. sp</b>.). The morphometrics of the parthenogenetic female of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> and <i>F.</i> <i>pimpamensis</i> overlap, but they are separated on the form of the cephalic region (wider in <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp</b>. relative to body diameter), and in <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> the stylet is more strongly sclerotised than in <i>F. pimpamensis</i>. The male of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> has a narrower tail tip and a less arcuate spicule than that of <i>F. pimpamensis.</i> The parthenogenetic female of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> (body an open C shape) differs from that of <i>F. armillarisae, F. dealbatae, F. decorae, F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, <i>F. linariifoliae</i>, and <i>F. rileyi</i> (straight to arcuate); and from that of <i>F. brevicauda, F. brittenae, F. cosmophyllae, F. diversifoliae, F. fasciculosae, F. floribundae, F. gomphocephalae, F. indica</i>, <i>F. leucoxylonae, F. magna</i>, <i>F. microcarpae, F. minimus</i>, <i>F. morrisae</i>, <i>F. schmidti</i>, <i>F. planchonianae</i>, <i>F. porosae</i>, <i>F. ptychocarpae</i>, <i>F. viminalisae,</i> and <i>F. viridiflorae</i> (more curved, C-shaped). The parthenogenetic female of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> has a relatively long tail (37–50 µm long), separating it from all described species except <i>F. floribundae, F. indica, F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, <i>F. pimpamensis, F. magna</i>, and <i>F. rileyi</i>. In having a non-extensile uterus, the female differs from that of <i>F. armillarisae</i>, <i>F. brevicauda, F. camaldulensae, F. jambophila, F. linariifolia, F. magna, F. rileyi, F. tolgaensis,</i> in which it is extensile. In having cuticle which does not swell upon fixation; the female differs from <i>F. armillarisae, F. decorae</i>, <i>F. pohutukawa</i>, and <i>F</i>. <i>viridiflorae</i> in which it does. The parthenogenetic female of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is smaller than that of <i>F. indica</i> (respectively, 363–427 <i>vs</i> 525–626 µm long), and has a smaller stylet (7–11 <i>vs</i> 12–15 µm long). The infective female of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> differs from all described <i>Fergusobia</i> spp. in having a strongly notched tail tip. While the infective female of some <i>F. gomphocephalae</i> also have notched tails, they have smaller bodies than those of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> (L 222–298 <i>vs</i> 314–398 µm). In shape (open C with a narrow, conoid tail), the male of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> differs from those of <i>F. leucadendrae</i> (open C shape with tail tip that is broadly rounded); <i>F. armillarisae, F. camaldulensae, F. dealbatae, F. decorae, F. jambophila, F. janetae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, <i>F. linariifolia, F. obliquae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, <i>F. pauciflorae</i> <b>n. sp.,</b> <i>F. pohutukawa, F. rileyi,</i> and <i>F. tolgaensis (</i> straight to arcuate); from <i>F. juliae</i> and <i>F. schmidti</i> (J-shaped); and from <i>F. brevicauda, F. cajuputiae, F. colbrani, F. curriei, F, leucoxylonae, F. microcarpae, F. minimus, F. nervosae, F. porosae, F. ptychocarpae, F. viminalisae,</i> and <i>F. viridiflorae</i>, in which males have a C-shaped body with a broader tail. In having a flat circum-oral area, the male is separated from <i>F. camaldulensae</i>, <i>F. jambophila</i>, <i>F. sporangae</i>, and <i>F. tolgaensis</i> in which the oral area is raised. The length of the tail in the male of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is longer than in that of <i>F. colbrani</i> and <i>F. gomphocephalae</i> (respectively, 37–50 <i>vs</i> 28–36 and 20–33 µm). The shape of the tail (arcuate with a broadly rounded tip) differs from that of <i>F. philippinensis</i> (truncate tip). In the male of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, the bursa arises at 69–84% of body length, near the excretory pore, separating them from species in which it arises at less than 50% (including <i>F. brevicauda</i>, <i>F. brittenae</i>, <i>F. cosmophyllae</i>, <i>F. curriei</i>, <i>F. decorae</i>, <i>F. eugenioidae</i>, <i>F. fisheri</i>, <i>F. floribundae</i>, <i>F. leucoxylonae</i>, <i>F. microcarpa</i>, <i>F. minimus</i>, <i>F. nervosae</i>, <i>F. quinquenerviae</i>, <i>F. porosae</i>, <i>F. robustae</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, <i>F. rosettae</i>, <i>F. schmidti</i>, <i>F. sporangae</i>, and <i>F. tumifaciens</i>). The bursa is longer in <i>F. leptospermum</i>, arising at ~95% of body length. The spicule is more heavily sclerotised in the male of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> than in that of <i>F. diversifoliae</i> and <i>F. morrisae</i>, in which it is more slender in form. The male of <i>F. pruinosae</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is larger than that of <i>F. morrisae</i> (respectively, 387–487 <i>vs</i> 291–373 µm long), and usually smaller than that of <i>F. magna</i> (respectively, 387–487 <i>vs</i> 446–588 µm long). <b>Etymology.</b> Named after <i>Eucalyptus pruinosa,</i> the plant species from which the nematodes were collected.
description: Published as part of <i>Davies, Kerrie A., Ye, Weimin, Taylor, Gary S., Scheffer, Sonja, Bartholomaeus, F. &amp; Giblin-Davis, Robin M., 2018, Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. XI. Descriptions of five new species of Fergusobia from Australia, pp. 1-31 in Zootaxa 4399 (1)</i> on pages 12-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1206406
description: {"references": ["Davies, K. A., Ye, W., Giblin-Davis, R., Taylor, G. S. &amp; Thomas, W. K. (2012 a) Nematodes from galls on Myrtaceae. II. Fergusobia / Fergusonina from small axillary bud (' stem') and leaf (' pea') galls in Australia, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3415, 1 - 22."]}