cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A characterization of the individual maximum and anti-maximum principle
Creators: name: Arora, Sahiba
name: Glück, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B09, 47B65, 46B42

description: Abstract approaches to maximum and anti-maximum principles for differential operators typically rely on the condition that all vectors in the domain of the operator are dominated by the leading eigenfunction of the operator. We study the necessity of this condition. In particular, we show that under a number of natural assumptions, so-called individual versions of both the maximum and the anti-maximum principle simultaneously hold if and only if the aforementioned domination condition is satisfied.
 Consequently, we are able to show that a variety of concrete differential operators do not satisfy an anti-maximum principle.
description: 16 pages. This is version 2. Minor changes compared to version 1
Developments in Eco-Friendly Textile Pretreatments
Creators: Sharma, Yashdeep
Chakraborty, J.N.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2017

Increasing concerns over the environment have lead the world to think eco-friendly. To accomplish eco-friendliness, sustainable development is being preferred by manufacturing plants around the globe. Many conventional processes are being banned by different countries and improvements are continuously being made to update manufacturing technology to a safer level for the benefit of the environment. The textile industry has been impacted by these improvements as well.
sj-docx-1-imj-10.1177_10815589241232366 – Supplemental material for Compliance with guideline recommendations in the management of patients with hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia
Creators: name: Bakir Ekinci, Pinar
name: Kara, Emre
name: Telli Dizman, Gulcin
name: Metin, Sefa
name: Inkaya, Ahmet Cagkan
name: Demirkan, Kutay
name: Coplu, Lutfi
name: Unal, Serhat
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-imj-10.1177_10815589241232366 for Compliance with guideline recommendations in the management of patients with hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia by Pinar Bakir Ekinci, Emre Kara, Gulcin Telli Dizman, Sefa Metin, Ahmet Cagkan Inkaya, Kutay Demirkan, Lutfi Coplu and Serhat Unal in Journal of Investigative Medicine
Square packings and rectifiable doubling measures
Creators: name: Badger, Matthew
name: Schul, Raanan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 28A75, Secondary 05B40, 51F30, 52C17

description: We prove that for all integers $2\leq m\leq d-1$, there exists doubling measures on $\mathbb{R}^d$ with full support that are $m$-rectifiable and purely $(m-1)$-unrectifiable in the sense of Federer (i.e. without assuming $μ\ll\mathcal{H}^m$). The corresponding result for 1-rectifiable measures is originally due to Garnett, Killip, and Schul (2010). Our construction of higher-dimensional Lipschitz images is informed by a simple observation about square packing in the plane: $N$ axis-parallel squares of side length $s$ pack inside of a square of side length $\lceil N^{1/2}\rceil s$. The approach is robust and when combined with standard metric geometry techniques allows for constructions in complete Ahlfors regular metric spaces. One consequence of the main theorem is that for each $m\in\{2,3,4\}$ and $s0$, $f(E)$ has Hausdorff dimension $s$, and $μ(f(E))>0$. This is striking, because $\mathcal{H}^m(f(E))=0$ for every Lipschitz map $f:E\subset\mathbb{R}^m\rightarrow\mathbb{H}^1$ by a theorem of Ambrosio and Kirchheim (2000). Another application of the square packing construction is that every compact metric space $\mathbb{X}$ of Assouad dimension strictly less than $m$ is a Lipschitz image of a compact set $E\subset[0,1]^m$. Of independent interest, we record the existence of doubling measures on complete Ahlfors regular metric spaces with prescribed lower and upper Hausdorff and packing dimensions.
description: 40 pages, 5 figures: this is the final version in Discrete Analysis Journal
Peritoneal tuberculosis with elevated CA-125 mimicking ovarian cancer with carcinomatosis peritonei: crucial CT findings
Creators: name: Chien, Jerry Chin-Wei
name: Fang, Chia-Lang
name: Chan, Wing P.
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2016
Subjects: carcinomatosis peritonei
computed tomography (CT)
ovarian cancer
peritoneum
tuberculosis

description: Preoperative diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis is often difficult because of confusion with ovarian cancer. A 56-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with abdominal fullness. Ascites, prominent bilateral ovaries, and elevated CA-125 were noted. Computed tomography showed thickened peritoneum and strandings in the mesentery and omentum. Exploratory laparotomy was performed under the provisional diagnosis of ovarian cancer, but the final diagnosis was peritoneal tuberculosis. Careful evaluation of bilateral fallopian tubes and ovaries and peritoneum are helpful for correct diagnosis.
description: EXCLI Journal; 15:Doc711; ISSN 1611-2156
sj-docx-1-hpq-10.1177_13591053241234260 – Supplemental material for Overcoming obstacles to mammography screening: Examining the role of offline healthcare barriers and online patient–provider communication
Creators: name: Lai, Yuyuan Kylie
name: Ye, Jizhou Francis
name: Ao, Song Harris
name: Zhao, Xinshu
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Psychology not elsewhere classified
Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-hpq-10.1177_13591053241234260 for Overcoming obstacles to mammography screening: Examining the role of offline healthcare barriers and online patient–provider communication by Yuyuan Kylie Lai, Jizhou Francis Ye, Song Harris Ao and Xinshu Zhao in Journal of Health Psychology
sj-docx-2-cre-10.1177_02692155241230270 - Supplemental material for Spatial Neglect: An Exploration of Clinical Assessment Behaviour in Stroke Rehabilitation
Creators: name: Fisher, Georgia
name: Quel de Oliveira, Camila
name: Stubbs, Peter W.
name: Power, Emma
name: Checketts, Matthew
name: Porter-Armstrong, Alison
name: Kennedy, David S.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Orthopaedics
subject: Sports Medicine

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-cre-10.1177_02692155241230270 for Spatial Neglect: An Exploration of Clinical Assessment Behaviour in Stroke Rehabilitation by Georgia Fisher, Camila Quel de Oliveira, Peter W. Stubbs, Emma Power, Matthew Checketts, Alison Porter-Armstrong and David S. Kennedy in Clinical Rehabilitation
Supplemental Material - Thermal, mechanical, electrical properties of poystyrene/poly (styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Creators: name: Şen, Sinan
name: Cengiz, Melek Irmak
name: Tekay, Emre
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental Material for Thermal, mechanical, electrical properties of poystyrene/poly (styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites by Sinan Şen, Melek I Cengiz and Emre Tekay in Journal of Elastomers & Plastics
An Efficient Gradient Sensitive Alternate Framework for VQE with Variable Ansatz
Creators: name: Li, Ze-Tong
name: Meng, Fan-Xu
name: Zeng, Han
name: Zhang, Zai-Chen
name: Yu, Xu-Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P68

description: Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), aiming at determining the ground state energy of a quantum system described by a Hamiltonian on noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices, is among the most significant applications of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs). However, the accuracy and trainability of the current VQE algorithm are significantly influenced due to the barren plateau (BP), the non-negligible gate error and limited coherence time in NISQ devices. To tackle these issues, a gradient-sensitive alternate framework with variable ansatz is proposed in this paper to enhance the performance of the VQE. We first propose a theoretical framework for VA-VQE via alternately solving a multi-objective optimization problem and the original VQE, where the multi-objective optimization problem is defined with respect to cost function values and gradient magnitudes. Then, we propose a novel implementation method based on the double $ε$-greedy strategy with the candidate tree and modified multi-objective genetic algorithm. As a result, the local optima are avoided both in ansatz and parameter perspectives, and the stability of output ansatz is enhanced. The experimental results indicate that our framework shows considerably improvement of the error of the found solution by up to 87.9% compared with the hardware-efficient ansatz. Furthermore, compared with the full-randomized VA-VQE implementation, our framework is able to obtain the improvement of the error and the stability by up to 36.0% and 58.7%, respectively, with similar quantum costs.
description: 30 pages, 17 figures
Optimal Quantum Control of Charging Quantum Batteries
Creators: name: Rodriguez, R. R.
name: Ahmadi, B.
name: Suarez, G.
name: Mazurek, P.
name: Barzanjeh, S.
name: Horodecki, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum control allows us to address the problem of engineering quantum dynamics for special purposes. While recently the field of quantum batteries has attracted much attention, optimization of their charging has not benefited from the quantum control methods. Here we fill this gap by using an optimization method. We apply for the first time this convergent iterative method for the control of the population of a bipartite quantum system in two cases, starting with a qubit-qubit case. The quantum charger-battery system is considered here, where the energy is pumped into the charger by an external classical electromagnetic field. Secondly, we systematically develop the original formulation of the method for two harmonic oscillators in the Gaussian regime. In both cases, the charger is considered to be an open dissipative system. Our optimization takes into account experimentally viable problem of turning-on and off of the charging external field. Optimising the shape of the pulse significantly boosts both the power and efficiency of the charging process in comparison to the sinusoidal drive. The harmonic oscillator setting of quantum batteries is of a particular interest, as the optimal driving pulse remains so independently of the temperature of environment.
description: Detailed analysis of methods performance for the task of one single qubit battery charging added, minor mistakes removed
Differentially Private Confidence Intervals for Proportions under Stratified Random Sampling
Creators: name: Lin, Shurong
name: Bun, Mark
name: Gaboardi, Marco
name: Kolaczyk, Eric D.
name: Smith, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68P27, 62G15, 62Dxx

description: Confidence intervals are a fundamental tool for quantifying the uncertainty of parameters of interest. With the increase of data privacy awareness, developing a private version of confidence intervals has gained growing attention from both statisticians and computer scientists. Differential privacy is a state-of-the-art framework for analyzing privacy loss when releasing statistics computed from sensitive data. Recent work has been done around differentially private confidence intervals, yet to the best of our knowledge, rigorous methodologies on differentially private confidence intervals in the context of survey sampling have not been studied. In this paper, we propose three differentially private algorithms for constructing confidence intervals for proportions under stratified random sampling. We articulate two variants of differential privacy that make sense for data from stratified sampling designs, analyzing each of our algorithms within one of these two variants. We establish analytical privacy guarantees and asymptotic properties of the estimators. In addition, we conduct simulation studies to evaluate the proposed private confidence intervals, and two applications to the 1940 Census data are provided.
description: 39 pages, 4 figures
Adaptive optimal $\ell_\infty$-induced robust stabilization of minimum phase SISO plant under bounded disturbance and coprime factor perturbations
Creators: name: Sokolov, Victor F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 93Cxx, 49Nxx

description: This paper addresses the problem of optimal robust stabilization of a discrete-time minimum-phase plant in the framework of robust control theory in the $\ell_1$ setup and under poor a priori information. Coefficients of the transfer function of the plant nominal model with stable zeros are unknown and belong to a known bounded polyhedron in the space of coefficients. The gains of coprime factor perturbations of the plant and the upper bound of external disturbance are also unknown. The problem under consideration is to design adaptive controller that minimizes, with the prescribed accuracy, the worst-case asymptotic upper bound of the output. Solution of the problem is based on set-membership estimation of unknown parameters and treating the control criterion as the identification criterion. A hard nonconvex problem of on-line computation of optimal estimates is reduced, under additional nonrestrictive assumption, to a linear-fractional programming via a nonlinear transformation of estimated parameters. Despite the non-identifiability of the unknown parameters, the proposed adaptive controller guarantees, with the prescribed accuracy, the same optimal asymptotic upper bound of the output of adaptive system as the optimal controller for the plant with known parameters. In addition to the optimality of adaptive control, the proposed solution provides on-line verification/validation of current estimates and a priori assumptions.
Geometric and analytic results for Einstein solitons
Creators: name: Agila, Enrique Fernando López
name: Gomes, José Nazareno Vieira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53C21, 53C25, Secondary 53C15

description: We compute a lower bound for the scalar curvature of a gradient Einstein soliton under a certain assumption on its potential function. We establish an asymptotic behavior of the potential function on a noncompact gradient shrinking Einstein soliton. As a result, we obtain the finiteness of its fundamental group and its weighted volume. We also prove some geometric and analytic results for constructing gradient Einstein solitons that are realized as warped metrics, and we give a few explicit examples.
description: Final version which has been accepted for publication in Mathematische Nachrichten
Disappearance and reappearance of above-threshold-ionization peaks
Creators: name: Madsen, Lars Bojer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that above-threshold ionization peaks disappear when the kinetic energy associated with the nondipole radiation-pressure-induced photoelectron momentum in the laser propagation direction becomes comparable to the photon energy, and how peaks can be made reappear if knowledge of the length and direction of the photoelectron momentum is at hand and an emission-direction-dependent momentum shift is accounted for. The reported findings should be observable with intense mid-infrared laser pulses.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Hyper Hoare Logic: (Dis-)Proving Program Hyperproperties (extended version)
Creators: name: Dardinier, Thibault
name: Müller, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hoare logics are proof systems that allow one to formally establish properties of computer programs. Traditional Hoare logics prove properties of individual program executions (such as functional correctness). Hoare logic has been generalized to prove also properties of multiple executions of a program (so-called hyperproperties, such as determinism or non-interference). These program logics prove the absence of (bad combinations of) executions. On the other hand, program logics similar to Hoare logic have been proposed to disprove program properties (e.g., Incorrectness Logic), by proving the existence of (bad combinations of) executions. All of these logics have in common that they specify program properties using assertions over a fixed number of states, for instance, a single pre- and post-state for functional properties or pairs of pre- and post-states for non-interference. In this paper, we present Hyper Hoare Logic, a generalization of Hoare logic that lifts assertions to properties of arbitrary sets of states. The resulting logic is simple yet expressive: its judgments can express arbitrary program hyperproperties, a particular class of hyperproperties over the set of terminating executions of a program (including properties of individual program executions). By allowing assertions to reason about sets of states, Hyper Hoare Logic can reason about both the absence and the existence of (combinations of) executions, and, thereby, supports both proving and disproving program (hyper-)properties within the same logic, including (hyper-)properties that no existing Hoare logic can express. We prove that Hyper Hoare Logic is sound and complete, and demonstrate that it captures important proof principles naturally. All our technical results have been proved in Isabelle/HOL.
description: Extended version of the PLDI'24 paper
21cmEMU: an emulator of 21cmFAST summary observables
Creators: name: Breitman, Daniela
name: Mesinger, Andrei
name: Murray, Steven
name: Prelogovic, David
name: Qin, Yuxiang
name: Trotta, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in observations of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). These have enabled high-dimensional inference of galaxy and intergalactic medium (IGM) properties during the first billion years of our Universe. However, even using efficient, semi-numerical simulations, traditional inference approaches that compute 3D lightcones on-the-fly can take $10^5$ core hours. Here we present 21cmEMU: an emulator of several summary observables from the popular 21cmFAST simulation code. 21cmEMU takes as input nine parameters characterizing EoR galaxies, and outputs the following summary statistics: (i) the IGM mean neutral fraction; (ii) the 21-cm power spectrum; (iii) the mean 21-cm spin temperature; (iv) the sky-averaged (global) 21-cm signal; (v) the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity functions (LFs); and (vi) the Thomson scattering optical depth to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). All observables are predicted with sub-percent median accuracy, with a reduction of the computational cost by a factor of over 10$^4$. After validating inference results, we showcase a few applications, including: (i) quantifying the relative constraining power of different observational datasets; (ii) seeing how recent claims of a late EoR impact previous inferences; and (iii) forecasting upcoming constraints from the sixth observing season of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) telescope. 21cmEMU is publicly-available, and is included as an alternative simulator in the public 21CMMC sampler.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Quantum Coherence Field Theory: The Law of Relativity and Absolutes
Creators: name: Ho, Daniel William
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Quantum Mechanics, General Relativity, Quantum Coherence, Field Theory

description: This paper explores the intersection of classical and quantum mechanics through the Quantum Coherence Field Theory (QCFT) and the Law of Relativity and Absolutes. The paper aims to elucidate how the principles of relativity and absolutes facilitate the reconciliation of quantum entanglement with classical mechanics.

The Law of Relativity and Absolutes: Unifying Classical and Quantum Mechanics:

First Law: Time and Spacetime Dilation "When time dilation is absolute relative to the static structure of spacetime, spacetime dilation must be relative. Conversely, when time dilation is relative, spacetime dilation must be absolute."

Privileged Frame Concept The concept of a privileged frame is essential in the Law of Relativity and Absolutes. This frame allows for the determination of simultaneity and co-location of events, which might not be possible in other frames. In the privileged frame, we observe the absoluteness within the relativity of time dilation and spacetime dilation as described in the first law.

Second Law: Absolute Simultaneity In the privileged frame, the simultaneity of events is absolute. This means that the temporal order and spatial relationships of events are uniquely determined and invariant, reflecting the true nature of simultaneity. Absolute simultaneity in the privileged frame provides a definitive understanding of the sequence and co-location of events, which remains consistent regardless of the relative motion or position of observers in other frames.

Time-Variance of the Privileged Frame In the Law of Relativity and Absolutes, the privileged frame is not static but varies with time. This time-variance allows the privileged frame to adapt to the changing conditions of events, ensuring the consistent determination of simultaneity and co-location relative to the static structure of spacetime. The privileged frame evolves to maintain the absoluteness of time dilation and spacetime relationships as described in the laws of the theory.
sj-pdf-1-jao-10.1177_03913988241232315 – Supplemental material for Step by step enhancement of aesthetics for distal phalangeal prosthetic replacement using neoteric stamp technique: A case report
Creators: name: Saroya, Komal Kaur
name: Kumar, Vishal
name: Sharma, Surbhi
name: Kalsi, Sonam
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jao-10.1177_03913988241232315 for Step by step enhancement of aesthetics for distal phalangeal prosthetic replacement using neoteric stamp technique: A case report by Komal Kaur Saroya, Vishal Kumar, Surbhi Sharma and Sonam Kalsi in The International Journal of Artificial Organs
A Toponogov globalisation result for Lorentzian length spaces
Creators: name: Beran, Tobias
name: Harvey, John
name: Napper, Lewis
name: Rott, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C50 (Primary) 53C23, 53B30, 51K10, 53C80 (Secondary)

description: In the synthetic geometric setting introduced by Kunzinger and Sämann, we present an analogue of Toponogov's Globalisation Theorem which applies to Lorentzian length spaces with lower (timelike) curvature bounds. Our approach utilises a "cat's cradle" construction akin to that which appears in several proofs in the metric setting. On the road to our main result, we also provide a lemma regarding the subdivision of triangles in spaces with a local lower curvature bound and a synthetic Lorentzian version of the Lebesgue Number Lemma. Several properties of time functions and the null distance on globally hyperbolic Lorentzian length spaces are also highlighted. We conclude by presenting several applications of our results, including versions of the Bonnet--Myers Theorem and the Splitting Theorem for Lorentzian length spaces with local lower curvature bounds, as well as discussion of stability of curvature bounds under Gromov--Hausdorff convergence.
description: 40 pages, 7 figures. This version lightly edited for improved clarity, with added detail in some proofs. To be published in Mathematische Annalen
sj-pdf-1-sph-10.1177_19417381241231590 – Supplemental material for Serial Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Healing of Lower Extremity Bone Stress Injury and Correlation With Return to Sport/Exercise
Creators: name: Toresdahl, Brett G.
name: Conway, Justin
name: Miller, Theodore T.
name: Goolsby, Marci A.
name: Geannette, Christian S.
name: Quijano, Brianna
name: Callahan, Lisa R.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Health and Community Services
Orthopaedics
Sports Medicine

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-sph-10.1177_19417381241231590 for Serial Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Healing of Lower Extremity Bone Stress Injury and Correlation With Return to Sport/Exercise by Brett G. Toresdahl, Justin Conway, Theodore T. Miller, Marci A. Goolsby, Christian S. Geannette, Brianna Quijano and Lisa R. Callahan in Sports Health
sj-docx-6-ctj-10.1177_17407745231224533 – Supplemental material for Public involvement in Australian clinical trials: A systematic review
Creators: name: Zirnsak, Tessa-May
name: Ng, Ashley H
name: Brasier, Catherine
name: Gray, Richard
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Sociological Methodology and Research Methods

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-6-ctj-10.1177_17407745231224533 for Public involvement in Australian clinical trials: A systematic review by Tessa-May Zirnsak, Ashley H Ng, Catherine Brasier and Richard Gray in Clinical Trials
Supplemental Material - The prevalent causes of death in patients with peripheral artery disease undergoing revascularisation or amputation
Creators: name: Telianidis, Stacey
name: Aitken, Sarah Joy
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Cardiology

description: Supplemental Material for The prevalent causes of death in patients with peripheral artery disease undergoing revascularisation or amputation by Stacey Telianidis and Sarah Joy Aitken in Vascular
Cavernous familial cerebral malformation
Creators: name: BotÃ­A GonzÃ¡Lez, Carmen
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Haemangioma

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 41 years
description: Clinical History: A 41 years-old Spanish male presented to the Emergency Department complaining of instability. Laboratory tests were normal. No other signs or symptoms were reported. Final Diagnosis: Cavernous familial cerebral malformation
Violation of Emergent Rotational Symmetry in the Hexagonal Kagome Superconductor CsV3Sb5
Creators: name: Fukushima, Kazumi
name: Obata, Keito
name: Yamane, Soichiro
name: Hu, Yajian
name: Li, Yongkai
name: Yao, Yugui
name: Wang, Zhiwei
name: Maeno, Yoshiteru
name: Yonezawa, Shingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity is caused by electron pairs that are canonically isotropic, whereas some exotic superconductors are known to exhibit non-trivial anisotropy stemming from unconventional pairings. However, superconductors with hexagonal symmetry, the highest rotational symmetry allowed in crystals, exceptionally have strong constraint that is called emergent rotational symmetry (ERS): anisotropic properties should be very weak especially near the critical temperature Tc even for unconventional pairings such as d-wave states. Here, we investigate superconducting anisotropy of the recently-found hexagonal Kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, which is known to exhibit various intriguing phenomena originating from its undistorted Kagome lattice formed by vanadium atoms. Based on calorimetry performed under accurate two-axis field-direction control, we discover a combination of six- and two-fold anisotropies in the in-plane upper critical field. Both anisotropies, robust up to very close to Tc, are beyond predictions of standard theories. We infer that this clear ERS violation with nematicity is best explained by multi-component nematic superconducting order parameter in CsV3Sb5 intertwined with symmetry breakings caused by the underlying charge-density-wave order.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, 7 extended figures
sj-pdf-1-pus-10.1177_09636625241228449 – Supplemental material for When evidence changes: Communicating uncertainty protects against a loss of trust
Creators: name: Dries, Charlotte
name: McDowell, Michelle
name: Rebitschek, Felix G.
name: Leuker, Christina
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Communication and Media Studies not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pus-10.1177_09636625241228449 for When evidence changes: Communicating uncertainty protects against a loss of trust by Charlotte Dries, Michelle McDowell, Felix G. Rebitschek and Christina Leuker in Public Understanding of Science
Matrix factorizations and pentagon maps
Creators: name: Kassotakis, Pavlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a specific class of matrices which participate in factorization problems that turn to be equivalent to constant and entwining (non-constant) pentagon, reverse-pentagon or Yang-Baxter maps, expressed in non-commutative variables. In detail, we show that factorizations of order $N=2$ matrices of this specific class are equivalent to the homogeneous normalization map. From order $N=3$ matrices, we obtain an extension of the homogeneous normalization map, as well as novel entwining pentagon, reverse-pentagon and Yang-Baxter maps.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures. v2: Typos corrected
The Three-Phase Evolution of the Milky Way
Creators: name: Chandra, Vedant
name: Semenov, Vadim A.
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Bonaca, Ana
name: Naidu, Rohan P.
name: Andrae, Rene
name: Li, Jiadong
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We illustrate the formation and evolution of the Milky Way over cosmic time, utilizing a sample of 10 million red giant stars with full chemodynamical information, including metallicities and $α$-abundances from low-resolution Gaia XP spectra. The evolution of angular momentum as a function of metallicity - a rough proxy for stellar age, particularly for high-[$α$/Fe] stars - displays three distinct phases: the disordered and chaotic protogalaxy, the kinematically-hot old disk, and the kinematically-cold young disk. The old high-$α$ disk starts at [Fe/H] $\approx -1.0$, 'spinning up' from the nascent protogalaxy, and then exhibits a smooth 'cooldown' toward more ordered and circular orbits at higher metallicities. The young low-$α$ disk is kinematically cold throughout its metallicity range, with its observed properties modulated by a strong radial gradient. We interpret these trends using Milky Way analogs from the TNG50 cosmological simulation, identifying one that closely matches the kinematic evolution of our Galaxy. This halo's protogalaxy spins up into a relatively thin and misaligned high-$α$ disk at early times, which is subsequently heated and torqued by a major gas-rich merger. The merger contributes a large amount of low-metallicity gas and angular momentum, from which the kinematically cold low-$α$ stellar disk is subsequently born. This simulated history parallels several observed features of the Milky Way, particularly the decisive 'GSE' merger that likely occurred at $z \approx 2$. Our results provide an all-sky perspective on the emerging picture of our Galaxy's three-phase formation, impelled by the three physical mechanisms of spinup, merger, and cooldown.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, submitted to ApJ
sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359231225036 – Supplemental material for Efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Chen, Jiayan
name: Lu, Wanjun
name: Chen, Mo
name: Cai, Zijing
name: Zhan, Ping
name: Liu, Xin
name: Zhu, Suhua
name: Ye, Mingxiang
name: Lv, Tangfeng
name: Lv, Jiawen
name: Song, Yong
name: Wang, Dong
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Oncology and Carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified
Aged Health Care
Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Respiratory Diseases

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359231225036 for Efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Jiayan Chen, Wanjun Lu, Mo Chen, Zijing Cai, Ping Zhan, Xin Liu, Suhua Zhu, Mingxiang Ye, Tangfeng Lv, Jiawen Lv, Yong Song and Dong Wang in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology
Structured barycentric forms for interpolation-based data-driven reduced modeling of second-order systems
Creators: name: Gosea, Ion Victor
name: Gugercin, Serkan
name: Werner, Steffen W. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 41A20, 65D05, 93B15, 93C05, 93C80

description: An essential tool in data-driven modeling of dynamical systems from frequency response measurements is the barycentric form of the underlying rational transfer function. In this work, we propose structured barycentric forms for modeling dynamical systems with second-order time derivatives using their frequency domain input-output data. By imposing a set of interpolation conditions, the systems' transfer functions are rewritten in different barycentric forms using different parametrizations. Loewner-like algorithms are developed for the explicit computation of second-order systems from data based on the developed barycentric forms. Numerical experiments show the performance of these new structured data driven modeling methods compared to other interpolation-based data-driven modeling techniques from the literature.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures
ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ И ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ
Creators: name: Мирзарахматов, Мирсултан
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Современное образование сталкивается с рядом вызовов, связанных с изменяющимися требованиями к компетенциям выпускников и быстрому развитию технологий. В ответ на эти вызовы образовательные учреждения разрабатывают и внедряют перспективные образовательные проекты, направленные на улучшение качества образования и повышение его доступности. В данной статье рассматриваются ключевые аспекты разработки и внедрения таких проектов, а также анализируются эффективные решения и стратегии, направленные на успешное их выполнение.
Hilbert's tenth problem in Anticyclotomic towers of number fields
Creators: name: Ray, Anwesh
name: Weston, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R23, 11U05

description: Let $K$ be an imaginary quadratic field and $p$ be an odd prime which splits in $K$. Let $E_1$ and $E_2$ be elliptic curves over $K$ such that the $Gal(\bar{K}/K)$-modules $E_1[p]$ and $E_2[p]$ are isomorphic. We show that under certain explicit additional conditions on $E_1$ and $E_2$, the anticyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension $K_{anti}$ of $K$ is integrally diophantine over $K$. When such conditions are satisfied, we deduce new cases of Hilbert's tenth problem. In greater detail, the conditions imply that Hilbert's tenth problem is unsolvable for all number fields that are contained in $K_{anti}$. We illustrate our results by constructing an explicit example for $p=3$ and $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-5})$.
description: Version 2: Theorem 1.5 is now unconditional; paper accepted for publication in Transactions of the American Math Society
Riemann meets Goldstone: magnon scattering off quantum Hall skyrmion crystals probes interplay of symmetry breaking and topology
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Nilotpal
name: Moessner, Roderich
name: Doucot, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model to study magnon scattering in skyrmion crystals, sandwiched between ferromagnets which act as the source of magnons. Skyrmions are topological objects while skyrmion crystals break internal and translational symmetries, thus our setup allows us to study the interplay of topology and symmetry breaking. Starting from a basis of holomorphic theta functions, we construct an analytical ansatz for such a junction with finite spatially modulating topological charge density in the central region and vanishing in the leads. We then construct a suitably defined energy functional for the junction and derive the resulting equations of motion, which resemble a Bogoliubov-de Gennes-like equation. Using analytical techniques, field theory, heuristic models and microscopic recursive transfer-matrix numerics, we calculate the spectra and magnon transmission properties of the skyrmion crystal. We find that magnon transmission can be understood via a combination of low-energy Goldstone modes and effective emergent Landau levels at higher energies. The former manifests in discrete low-energy peaks in the transmission spectrum which reflect the nature of the Goldstone modes arising from symmetry breaking. The latter, which reflect the topology, lead to band-like transmission features, from the structure of which further details of the excitation spectrum of the skyrmion crystal can be inferred. Such characteristic transmission features are absent in competing phases of the quantum Hall phase diagram, and hence provide direct signatures of skyrmion crystal phases and their spectra. Our results directly apply to quantum Hall heterojunction experiments in monolayer graphene with the central region doped slightly away from unit filling, a $ν= 1:1 \pm δν: 1$ junction and are also relevant to junctions formed by metallic magnets or in junctions with artificial gauge fields.
description: 20+6 pages, 9+2 figures, comments welcome
Optimal foraging strategies can be learned
Creators: name: Muñoz-Gil, Gorka
name: López-Incera, Andrea
name: Fiderer, Lukas J.
name: Briegel, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The foraging behavior of animals is a paradigm of target search in nature. Understanding which foraging strategies are optimal and how animals learn them are central challenges in modeling animal foraging. While the question of optimality has wide-ranging implications across fields such as economy, physics, and ecology, the question of learnability is a topic of ongoing debate in evolutionary biology. Recognizing the interconnected nature of these challenges, this work addresses them simultaneously by exploring optimal foraging strategies through a reinforcement learning framework. To this end, we model foragers as learning agents. We first prove theoretically that maximizing rewards in our reinforcement learning model is equivalent to optimizing foraging efficiency. We then show with numerical experiments that, in the paradigmatic model of non-destructive search, our agents learn foraging strategies which outperform the efficiency of some of the best known strategies such as Lévy walks. These findings highlight the potential of reinforcement learning as a versatile framework not only for optimizing search strategies but also to model the learning process, thus shedding light on the role of learning in natural optimization processes.
description: 12 pages (6 main text) and 9 figures. Codes and tutorials available at: https://gorkamunoz.github.io/rl_opts/
Criticality-enhanced Electric Field Gradient Sensor with Single Trapped Ions
Creators: name: Ilias, Theodoros
name: Yang, Dayou
name: Huelga, Susana F.
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and analyze a driven-dissipative quantum sensor that is continuously monitored close to a dissipative critical point. The sensor relies on the critical open Rabi model with the spin and phonon degrees of freedom of a single trapped ion to achieve criticality-enhanced sensitivity. Effective continuous monitoring of the sensor is realized via a co-trapped ancilla ion that switches between dark and bright internal states conditioned on a `jump' of the phonon population which, remarkably, achieves nearly perfect phonon counting despite a low photon collection efficiency. By exploiting both dissipative criticality and efficient continuous readout, the sensor device achieves highly precise sensing of oscillating electric field gradients at a criticality-enhanced precision scaling beyond the standard quantum limit, which we demonstrate is robust to the experimental imperfections in real-world applications.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, close to the published version
Optimal allocation strategies in platform trials
Creators: name: Roig, Marta Bofill
name: Glimm, Ekkehard
name: Mielke, Tobias
name: Posch, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Platform trials are randomized clinical trials that allow simultaneous comparison of multiple interventions, usually against a common control. Arms to test experimental interventions may enter and leave the platform over time. This implies that the number of experimental intervention arms in the trial may change over time. Determining optimal allocation rates to allocate patients to the treatment and control arms in platform trials is challenging because the change in treatment arms implies that also the optimal allocation rates will change when treatments enter or leave the platform. In addition, the optimal allocation depends on the analysis strategy used. In this paper, we derive optimal treatment allocation rates for platform trials with shared controls, assuming that a stratified estimation and testing procedure based on a regression model, is used to adjust for time trends. We consider both, analysis using concurrent controls only as well as analysis methods based on also non-concurrent controls and assume that the total sample size is fixed. The objective function to be minimized is the maximum of the variances of the effect estimators. We show that the optimal solution depends on the entry time of the arms in the trial and, in general, does not correspond to the square root of $k$ allocation rule used in the classical multi-arm trials. We illustrate the optimal allocation and evaluate the power and type 1 error rate compared to trials using one-to-one and square root of $k$ allocations by means of a case study.
Precoder Design for Massive MIMO Downlink with Matrix Manifold Optimization
Creators: name: Sun, Rui
name: Wang, Chen
name: Lu, An-An
name: Gao, Xiqi
name: Xia, Xiang-Gen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We investigate the weighted sum-rate (WSR) maximization linear precoder design for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink. We consider a single-cell system with multiple users and propose a unified matrix manifold optimization framework applicable to total power constraint (TPC), per-user power constraint (PUPC) and per-antenna power constraint (PAPC). We prove that the precoders under TPC, PUPC and PAPC are on distinct Riemannian submanifolds, and transform the constrained problems in Euclidean space to unconstrained ones on manifolds. In accordance with this, we derive Riemannian ingredients, including orthogonal projection, Riemannian gradient, Riemannian Hessian, retraction and vector transport, which are needed for precoder design in the matrix manifold framework. Then, Riemannian design methods using Riemannian steepest descent, Riemannian conjugate gradient and Riemannian trust region are provided to design the WSR-maximization precoders under TPC, PUPC or PAPC. Riemannian methods do not involve the inverses of the large dimensional matrices during the iterations, reducing the computational complexities of the algorithms. Complexity analyses and performance simulations demonstrate the advantages of the proposed precoder design.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, journal
An algorithm for computing syzygies on $V[X]$ when $V$ is a valuation domain
Creators: name: Lombardi, Henri
name: Quitté, Claude
name: Yengui, Ihsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13CXX, 13PXX

description: We give an algorithm for computing the V-saturation of any finitely-generated submodule of a power of V[X], where V is a valuation domain. Our algorithm is based on a notion of "echelon form" which ensures its correctness. This allows us to compute a finite system of generators for the syzygy module of any finitely generated submodule of a power of V[X].
description: 4 figures
Anderson Critical Metal Phase in Trivial States Protected by Average Magnetic Crystalline Symmetry
Creators: name: Wang, Fa-Jie
name: Xiao, Zhen-Yu
name: Queiroz, Raquel
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Stern, Ady
name: Song, Zhi-Da
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transitions between distinct obstructed atomic insulators (OAIs) protected by crystalline symmetries, where electrons form molecular orbitals centering away from the atom positions, must go through an intermediate metallic phase. In this work, we find that the intermediate metals will become a scale-invariant critical metal phase (CMP) under certain types of quenched disorder that respect the magnetic crystalline symmetries on average. We explicitly construct models respecting average $C_{2z}T$, $m$, and $C_{4z}T$ and show their scale-invariance under chemical potential disorder by the finite-size scaling method. Conventional theories, such as weak anti-localization and topological phase transition, cannot explain the underlying mechanism. A quantitative mapping between lattice and network models shows that the CMP can be understood through a semi-classical percolation problem. Ultimately, we systematically classify all the OAI transitions protected by (magnetic) groups $Pm$, $P2'$, $P4'$, and $P6'$ with and without spin-orbit coupling, most of which can support CMP.