cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dissolved organic phosphorus utilization by phytoplankton reveals preferential degradation of polyphosphates over phosphomonoesters
Creators: name: Diaz, Julia M.
name: Holland, Alisia
name: Sanders, James G.
name: Bulski, Karrie
name: Mollett, Douglas
name: Chou, Chau-Wen
name: Phillips, Dennis
name: Tang, Yuanzhi
name: Duhamel, Solange
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Marine biology
subject: Phytoplankton
subject: Organophosphorus compounds
subject: Polyphosphates
subject: Phosphorus in animal nutrition

description: The nutritionally available pool of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) supports marine primary productivity in a range of ocean ecosystems but remains poorly resolved. Here, the relative lability of model phosphorus (P) compounds representing the major P(V) bond classes of marine DOP – phosphomonoesters (P-O-C) and phosphoanhydrides (P-O-P) – was assessed in diatom cultures of the genus Thalassiosira, as well as coastal field sites of the western North Atlantic. In diatom samples, maximum enzymatic hydrolysis rates revealed that the P-anhydride bonds of inorganic tripolyphosphate (3poly-P), followed by the P-anhydride bonds of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), were preferentially degraded relative to the P-monoesters adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) and 4-methylumbelliferone phosphate (MUF-P). Consistent with these rate measurements, targeted proteomics analysis demonstrated that the underlying phosphatase diversity present in diatom samples was dominated by P-anhydride degrading enzymes (inorganic pyrophosphatases and nucleoside triphosphatases). Furthermore, biomass-normalized rates of ATP degradation were always suppressed under P-replete conditions in diatom cultures, but the effect of overall P availability on 3poly-P degradation was inconsistent among diatom strains, suggesting that inorganic polyphosphate (poly-P) degradation may persist irrespective of prevailing P levels in the marine environment. Indeed, the majority of field sites examined in the P-replete coastal western North Atlantic exhibited significantly higher maximum rates of inorganic poly-P hydrolysis relative to P-monoester hydrolysis, which was largely driven by phytoplankton dynamics. Based on these results, the possibility that P-anhydride utilization may contribute comparably or even more substantially than P-esters to community-level P demand, phytoplankton growth, and primary productivity should be considered.
Techniques for the study of singularities with applications to resolution of 2-dimensional schemes
Creators: name: Benito, Angélica
name: Villamayor, Orlando E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give an overview of invariants of algebraic singularities over perfect fields. We then show how they lead to a synthetic proof of embedded resolution of singularities of 2-dimensional schemes.
description: 26 pages; minor changes have been added
Compositional Dataflow Circuits
Creators: name: Edwards, Stephen A.
name: Townsend, Richard Morse
name: Barker, Martha Massee
name: Kim, Martha Allen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Data flow computing
Computer networks
Buffer storage (Computer science)
Computer science

description: We present a technique for implementing dataflow networks as compositional hardware circuits. We first define an abstract dataflow model with unbounded buffers that supports data-dependent blocks (mux, demux, and nondeterministic merge); we then show how to faithfully implement such networks with bounded buffers and handshaking. Handshaking admits compositionality: our circuits can be connected with or without buffers, and combinational cycles arise only from a completely unbuffered cycle. While bounding buffer sizes can cause the system to deadlock prematurely, the system is guaranteed to produce the same, correct, data before then. Thus, unless the system deadlocks, inserting or removing buffers only affects its performance. We demonstrate how this enables design space to be explored.
Elucidating conductivity-permselectivity tradeoffs in electrodialysis and reverse electrodialysis by structure-property analysis of ion-exchange membranes
Creators: name: Fan, Hanqing
name: Yip, Ngai Yin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Electrodialysis
subject: Ion exchange
subject: Ion-permeable membranes
subject: Membranes (Technology)
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are used in environmental and energy technologies of electrodialysis (ED) desalination and reverse electrodialysis (RED) power generation, respectively. Recent studies reported empirical evidence that the conductivity and permselectivity of IEMs are bound by a tradeoff relationship, where an increase in ionic conductivity is accompanied by a decrease in counterion selectivity over co-ion. A fundamental understanding of this conductivity-permselectivity tradeoff is principal to inform membrane development. This study presents an IEM transport model to analytically relate conductivity and permselectivity to intrinsic membrane chemical and structural properties. The model employs the Nernst-Planck transport framework and incorporates counterion condensation theory to simulate the performance of IEMs in a range of ED and RED operations. The analysis revealed the mechanism for the tradeoff induced by bulk solution concentration: a higher salinity suppresses IEM charge-exclusion, thus lowering permselectivity, but elevates mobile ion concentration within the membrane matrix to improve conductivity. As such, IEM applications are practically confined to sub-seawater salinities, i.e., RED using hypersaline streams will not be efficient. In another tradeoff driven by IEM water sorption, increasing membrane swelling enhances effective ion diffusivity to raise conductivity, but diminishes permselectivity due to dilution of fixed charges. The transport model indicates that increasing membrane ion-exchange capacity and reducing thickness can yield highly selective and conductive IEMs.
Psychopathology is associated with reproductive health risk in European adolescents
Creators: name: Gambadauro, Pietro
name: Carli, Vladimir
name: Wasserman, Camilla
name: Hadlaczky, Gergö
name: Sarchiapone, Marco
name: Apter, Alan
name: Balazs, Judit
name: Bobes, Julio
name: Brunner, Romuald
name: Cosman, Doina
name: Haring, Christian
name: Hoven, Christina W.
name: Iosue, Miriam
name: Kaess, Michael
name: Kahn, Jean P.
name: McMahon, Elaine
name: Postuvan, Vita
name: Värnik, Airi
name: Wasserman, Danuta
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Adolescent psychopathology
subject: Reproductive health
subject: Teenagers--Mental health
subject: Risk-taking (Psychology) in adolescence
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Background
Reproductive and mental health are key domains of adolescent wellbeing but possible interrelationships are poorly understood. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between psychopathology and reproductive health risk among European adolescents.

Methods
A structured self-report questionnaire was delivered to 12,395 pupils of 179 randomly selected schools in 11 European countries within the EU funded “Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe” (SEYLE) project. The questionnaire included items about sexual initiation and reproductive health risk factors, such as number of sexual partners, frequency of condom use, and pregnancy involvement. Psychopathology was evaluated with validated instruments and/or ad-hoc questions.

Results
Of 11,406 respondents (median age 15; interquartile range [IQR] 14–15; 57% females), 18.8% reported sexual initiation. Sixty percent of them also reported at least one reproductive risk factor. Sexual initiation was significantly more common among pupils older than 15 years (38% versus 13.2% younger pupils) and males (21.3% versus 16.9% females). It was also more common among pupils with depression (age/sex-adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.871), anxiety (aOR 2.190), severe suicidal ideation (aOR 2.259), self-injurious behaviour (aOR 2.892), and suicide attempts (aOR 3.091). These associations were particularly strong among pupils ≤15 years old and, for overt psychopathology, among pupils with low non-sexual risk behaviour profile and females. Depression (aOR 1.937), anxiety (aOR 2.282), severe suicidal ideation (aOR 2.354), self-injurious behaviour (aOR 3.022), and suicide attempts (aOR 3.284) were associated with higher reproductive health risk, defined by an increasing number of coexisting reproductive risk factors.

Conclusions
These findings suggest an alignment between mental and reproductive health risk and support the value of cross-domain collaboration in adolescent health. The association between psychopathology and reproductive health risk, as well as its variations with age, sex, and associated risk behaviours, should be considered when designing health-promoting or disease-preventing interventions for adolescents.
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion for the Cle Elum Dam Fish Passage Facilities Project (Splitter Wall), Kittitas County, Washington
title: Cle Elum Fish Passage Splitter Wall
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2020

description: WCRO-2020-01573
Exponentially many perfect matchings in cubic graphs
Creators: name: Esperet, Louis
name: Kardos, Frantisek
name: King, Andrew
name: Kral, Daniel
name: Norine, Serguei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that every cubic bridgeless graph G has at least 2^(|V(G)|/3656) perfect matchings. This confirms an old conjecture of Lovasz and Plummer. This version of the paper uses a different definition of a burl from the journal version of the paper and a different proof of Lemma 18 is given. This simplifies the exposition of our arguments throughout the whole paper.
A pan-cancer analysis of driver gene mutations, DNA methylation and gene expressions reveals that chromatin remodeling is a major mechanism inducing global changes in cancer epigenomes
Creators: name: Youn, Ahrim
name: Kim, Kyung In
name: Rabadan, Raul
name: Tycko, Benjamin
name: Shen, Yufeng
name: Wang, Shuang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: DNA--Methylation
Gene expression
Cancer--Genetic aspects
Tumors
Epigenetics

description: Background
Recent large-scale cancer sequencing studies have discovered many novel cancer driver genes (CDGs) in human cancers. Some studies also suggest that CDG mutations contribute to cancer-associated epigenomic and transcriptomic alterations across many cancer types. Here we aim to improve our understanding of the connections between CDG mutations and altered cancer cell epigenomes and transcriptomes on pan-cancer level and how these connections contribute to the known association between epigenome and transcriptome.

Method
Using multi-omics data including somatic mutation, DNA methylation, and gene expression data of 20 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis to identify CDGs, when mutated, have strong associations with genome-wide methylation or expression changes across cancer types, which we refer as methylation driver genes (MDGs) or expression driver genes (EDGs), respectively.

Results
We identified 32 MDGs, among which, eight are known chromatin modification or remodeling genes. Many of the remaining 24 MDGs are connected to chromatin regulators through either regulating their transcription or physically interacting with them as potential co-factors. We identified 29 EDGs, 26 of which are also MDGs. Further investigation on target genes’ promoters methylation and expression alteration patterns of these 26 overlapping driver genes shows that hyper-methylation of target genes’ promoters are significantly associated with down-regulation of the same target genes and hypo-methylation of target genes’ promoters are significantly associated with up-regulation of the same target genes.

Conclusion
This finding suggests a pivotal role for genetically driven changes in chromatin remodeling in shaping DNA methylation and gene expression patterns during tumor development.
What can food-image tasks teach us about anorexia nervosa? A systematic review
Creators: name: Lloyd, E. Caitlin
name: Steinglass, Joanna E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Anorexia nervosa
Sensory stimulation
Neuropsychology
Neurophysiology

description: A salient feature of anorexia nervosa (AN) is the persistent and severe restriction of food, such that dietary intake is inadequate to maintain a healthy body weight. Experimental tasks and paradigms have used illness-relevant stimuli, namely food images, to study the eating-specific neurocognitive mechanisms that promote food avoidance. This systematic review, completed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, identified and critically evaluated paradigms involving images of food that have been used to study AN. There were 50 eligible studies, published before March 10th 2018, identified from Medline and PsychINFO searches, and reference screening. Studies using food image-based paradigms were categorised into three methodologic approaches: neuropsychology, neurophysiology, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Paradigms were reviewed with a focus on how well they address phenomena central to AN. Across tasks, differences between individuals with AN and healthy peers have been identified, with the most consistent findings in the area of reward processing. Measuring task performance alongside actual eating behaviour, and using experimental manipulations to probe causality, may advance understanding of the mechanisms of illness in AN.
Re-evaluation of neutrino mixing pattern according to latest T2K result
Creators: name: Zheng, Ya-juan
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-evaluate neutrino mixing patterns according to the latest T2K result for a larger mixing angle $θ_{13}$, and find that the PMNS mixing matrix has larger deviations from bimaximal (BM) and tribimaximal (TB) mixing patterns than previously expected. We also find that several schemes connecting PMNS and CKM mixing matrices can accommodate the latest T2K result nicely. As necessary updates to former works, we make new triminimal expansions of PMNS mixing matrix based on BM and TB mixing patterns. We also propose a new mixing pattern with a self-complementary relation between the mixing angles $θ_{12}^ν + θ_{13}^ν \simeq 45^\circ$, and find such a new mixing pattern in leading order can provide a rather good description of the data.
description: 9 latex pages, no figure, final version for journal publication
Towards Automated Safety Requirements Derivation Using Agent-based RAG
Creators: name: Balu, Balahari Vignesh
name: Geissler, Florian
name: Carella, Francesco
name: Zacchi, Joao-Vitor
name: Jiru, Josef
name: Mata, Nuria
name: Stolle, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the automated derivation of safety requirements in a self-driving vehicle use case, leveraging LLMs in combination with agent-based retrieval-augmented generation. Conventional approaches that utilise pre-trained LLMs to assist in safety analyses typically lack domain-specific knowledge. Existing RAG approaches address this issue, yet their performance deteriorates when handling complex queries and it becomes increasingly harder to retrieve the most relevant information. This is particularly relevant for safety-relevant applications. In this paper, we propose the use of agent-based RAG to derive safety requirements and show that the retrieved information is more relevant to the queries. We implement an agent-based approach on a document pool of automotive standards and the Apollo case study, as a representative example of an automated driving perception system. Our solution is tested on a data set of safety requirement questions and answers, extracted from the Apollo data. Evaluating a set of selected RAG metrics, we present and discuss advantages of a agent-based approach compared to default RAG methods.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Age-specific breast cancer risk by body mass index and familial risk: prospective family study cohort (ProF-SC)
Creators: name: Hopper, John L.
name: Dite, Gillian S.
name: MacInnis, Robert J.
name: Liao, Yuyan
name: Zeinomar, Nur
name: Knight, Julia A.
name: Southey, Melissa C.
name: Milne, Roger L.
name: Chung, Wendy K.
name: Giles, Graham G.
name: Genkinger, Jeanine M.
name: McLachlan, Sue-Anne
name: Friedlander, Michael L.
name: Antoniou, Antonis C.
name: Weideman, Prue C.
name: Glendon, Gord
name: Nesci, Stephanie
name: Andrulis, Irene L.
name: Buys, Saundra S.
name: Daly, Mary B.
name: John, Esther M.
name: Phillips, Kelly Anne
name: Terry, Mary Beth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Breast--Cancer--Risk factors
Breast--Cancer--Etiology
Genetic disorders
Body mass index
Epidemiology

description: Background
The association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of breast cancer depends on time of life, but it is unknown whether this association depends on a woman’s familial risk.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study of a cohort enriched for familial risk consisting of 16,035 women from 6701 families in the Breast Cancer Family Registry and the Kathleen Cunningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer followed for up to 20 years (mean 10.5 years). There were 896 incident breast cancers (mean age at diagnosis 55.7 years). We used Cox regression to model BMI risk associations as a function of menopausal status, age, and underlying familial risk based on pedigree data using the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA), all measured at baseline.

Results
The strength and direction of the BMI risk association depended on baseline menopausal status (P
Recent thermodynamic results from lattice QCD analyzed within a quasi-particle model
Creators: name: Plumari, Salvatore
name: Alberico, Wanda M.
name: Greco, Vincenzo
name: Ratti, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic behavior of QCD matter at high temperature is currently studied by lattice QCD theory. The main features are the fast rise of the energy density $ε$ around the critical temperature $T_c$ and the large trace anomaly of the energy momentum tensor $< Θ_μ^μ>=ε- 3 P$ which hints at a strongly interacting system. Such features can be accounted for by employing a massive quasi-particle model with a temperature-dependent bag constant. Recent lattice QCD calculations with physical quark masses by the Wuppertal-Budapest group have shown a slower increase of $ε$ and a smaller $$ peak with respect to previous results from the hotQCD collaboration. We investigate the implications of such differences from the point of view of a quasi-particle model, also discussing light and strange quark number susceptibilities. Furthermore, we predict the impact of these discrepancies on the temperature-dependence of the transport properties of matter, like the shear and bulk viscosities.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures; version accepted in Phys. Rev.D; calculation with relaxation time \tau \sim g^4 ln g has been added
Sonine approximation for collisional moments of granular gases of inelastic rough spheres
Creators: name: Santos, Andrés
name: Kremer, Gilberto M.
name: Santos, Marcelo dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a dilute granular gas of hard spheres colliding inelastically with coefficients of normal and tangential restitution $α$ and $β$, respectively. The basic quantities characterizing the distribution function $f(\mathbf{v},\bmω)$ of linear ($\mathbf{v}$) and angular ($\bmω$) velocities are the second-degree moments defining the translational ($T^\text{tr}$) and rotational ($T^\text{rot}$) temperatures. The deviation of $f$ from the Maxwellian distribution parameterized by $T^\text{tr}$ and $T^\text{rot}$ can be measured by the cumulants associated with the fourth-degree velocity moments. The main objective of this paper is the evaluation of the collisional rates of change of these second- and fourth-degree moments by means of a Sonine approximation. The results are subsequently applied to the computation of the temperature ratio $T^\text{rot}/T^\text{tr}$ and the cumulants of two paradigmatic states: the homogeneous cooling state and the homogeneous steady state driven by a white-noise stochastic thermostat. It is found in both cases that the Maxwellian approximation for the temperature ratio does not deviate much from the Sonine prediction. On the other hand, non-Maxwellian properties measured by the cumulants cannot be ignored, especially in the homogeneous cooling state for medium and small roughness. In that state, moreover, the cumulant directly related to the translational velocity differs in the quasi-smooth limit $β\to -1$ from that of pure smooth spheres ($β=-1$). This singular behavior is directly related to the unsteady character of the homogeneous cooling state and thus it is absent in the stochastic thermostat case.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures; v2: some parts rewritten, new references added; published in a special topic decicated to Carlo Cercignani
Integration of vector hydrodynamical partial differential equations over octonions
Creators: name: Ludkovsky, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30G35, 17A05, 31B10, 32W50

description: New technique of integration of certain types of partial differential equations is developed. For this purpose non-commutative integration over Cayley-Dickson algebras is used. Applications to non-linear vector partial differential equations of Korteweg-de-Vries and Kadomtzev-Petviashvili types and describing non-isothermal flows of incompressible Newtonian liquids are given.
description: 26 pages
On thermodynamics second law in the modified Gauss Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Sadjadi, H. Mohseni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second law and the generalized second law of thermodynamics in cosmology in the framework of the modified Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity are investigated. The conditions upon which these laws hold are derived and discussed.
description: 9pages, typos corrected, references added
On the limit behavior of metrics in continuity method to Kahler-Einstein problem in toric Fano case
Creators: name: Li, Chi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This is a continuation of paper \cite{Li}. On any toric Fano manifold, we discuss the behavior of limit metric of a sequence of metrics, which are solutions to a continuity family of complex Monge-Ampere equations in Kahler-Einstein problem. We show that the limit metric satisfies a singular complex Monge-Ampere equation. This shows the conic type singularity for the limit metric. The information of conic type singularities can be read from the geometry of the moment polytope.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures. The theorem proving that the metric completion agrees with the Gromov-Hausdorff limit has been removed because it cites sources which have not yet been made public
Dirichlet Eta Function of Prime Distributions, Fractal Geometry, and Gravitational Wave Dynamics
Creators: name: Del Bel, Julian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The Dirichlet eta function, often referred to as the "alternating zeta function," is a crucial intersection of analytic number theory, fractal geometry, and modern physics. While it shares deep connections with the Riemann zeta function, its alternating series structure and unique analytic properties uncover hidden symmetries in prime distributions, recursive dynamics, and spacetime perturbations. This research investigates the interconnectedness of number theory, fractal geometry, and gravitational wave physics through the lens of the Dirichlet eta function. We introduce a novel prime product representation, highlighting the role of the even prime (2) as a path selector that governs scale-invariant dynamics across diverse scales.

Key Findings and Contributions:

 Parity-Asymmetric Prime Distribution: We demonstrate a modulation that incorporates prime correlatives into exclusive corrections within the Dirichlet eta function's product formula, revealing an inherent asymmetry in prime distribution.

 Fractal Clustering of Zeros: We observe fractal clustering in the zeros of the eta function, with spacing characterized by Fibonacci numbers (Tn+2 = Tn+1 + Tn, T1 = T2 = 1), indicating a structure mediated by metallic means, including the silver and plastic numbers.

 Gravitational Wave Echo Spectra: We present new predictions for gravitational wave echo spectra from exotic compact objects (ECOs), derived from the eta function's structural properties. Employing Pöschl-Teller potential analogs, we show that scale intervals correspond to length-dependent signals, proportional to log(2)^n.

 Metallic Mean Field Theory (MMFT) Extension: We extend the MMFT framework to explore phase transitions in ECOs, establishing a link between prime distribution and the structural properties of primes.

 Dyadic Zeta Functions (DZF) Expansion: We expand the scope of the DZF through prime gap thermodynamics and AdS/CFT holography, providing new perspectives on the structure of primes and the universe.

 Quantification of Chebyshev bias through log-periodic single-frequency oscillations. This work establishes the Dirichlet eta function as a fundamental geometric relation, connecting quantum arithmetic, fractal cosmology, and relativistic gravity.
Using galaxy-galaxy weak lensing measurements to correct the Finger-of-God
Creators: name: Hikage, Chiaki
name: Takada, Masahiro
name: Spergel, David N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For decades, cosmologists have been using galaxies to trace the large-scale distribution of matter. At present, the largest source of systematic uncertainty in this analysis is the challenge of modeling the complex relationship between galaxy redshift and the distribution of dark matter. If all galaxies sat in the centers of halos, there would be minimal Finger-of-God (FoG) effects and a simple relationship between the galaxy and matter distributions. However, many galaxies, even some of the luminous red galaxies (LRGs), do not lie in the centers of halos. Because the galaxy-galaxy lensing is also sensitive to the off-centered galaxies, we show that we can use the lensing measurements to determine the amplitude of this effect and to determine the expected amplitude of FoG effects. We develop an approach for using the lensing data to model how the FoG suppresses the power spectrum amplitudes and show that the current data implies a 30% suppression at wavenumber k=0.2h/Mpc. Our analysis implies that it is important to complement a spectroscopic survey with an imaging survey with sufficient depth and wide field coverage. Joint imaging and spectroscopic surveys allow a robust, unbiased use of the power spectrum amplitude information: it improves the marginalized error of growth rate fg=dln D/dln a by up to a factor of 2 over a wide range of redshifts z<1.4. We also find that the dark energy equation-of-state parameter, w0, and the neutrino mass, fnu, can be unbiasedly constrained by combining the lensing information, with an improvement of 10--25% compared to a spectroscopic survey without lensing calibration.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Single-electron shuttle based on a silicon quantum dot
Creators: name: Chan, K. W.
name: Mottonen, M.
name: Kemppinen, A.
name: Lai, N. S.
name: Tan, K. Y.
name: Lim, W. H.
name: Dzurak, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on single-electron shuttling experiments with a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dot at 300 mK. Our system consists of an accumulated electron layer at the Si/SiO_2 interface below an aluminum top gate with two additional barrier gates used to deplete the electron gas locally and to define a quantum dot. Directional single-electron shuttling from the source and to the drain lead is achieved by applying a dc source-drain bias while driving the barrier gates with an ac voltage of frequency f_p. Current plateaus at integer levels of ef_p are observed up to f_p = 240 MHz operation frequencies. The observed results are explained by a sequential tunneling model which suggests that the electron gas may be heated substantially by the ac driving voltage.
Earth, air, fire, and water in Beowulf
Creators: name: McColl, Grant
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: In this thesis, I explore the intersection of nature and human society in the poem Beowulf. Taking an ecocritical approach to the material, I look at previous attempts by other scholars to locate Anglo-Saxon poetry within the ecocritical sphere and build upon their arguments by examining the ways in ways the Anglo-Saxons, through the context of Beowulf, would have perceived the natural world around them, and how they incorporate it into their daily lives. As my framework, I utilize the four basic elements, earth, air, fire, and water, to examine the way in which the Beowulf poet shows how Anglo-Saxon society, and more specifically warrior societies, interact with nature. For Earth, I examine the Halls in the poem and the ways in which the societies identify the landscapes which surround them in the poem, focusing on how the description of the earth changes depending on the word used, and then focusing on how they use the earth itself to establish their distinct societies. For Water, I examine the ways in which water acts as a boundary marker between societies, and how they represent a liminal space between different groups of people that is used as not only a connecting road that belongs to no particular group, but also as a testing ground for competitions between societies that is not based on land acquirement. For the Fens, I synthesize earth and water in order to dissect the role that Grendel and his mother play throughout the poem, since they occupy a vague boundary that crosses both humanity and nature. Finally, I examine the role fire plays in the poem, not just as a destructive force, but also the way in which the people in these societies utilize fire to survive in the harshness of nature.
Step Scaling with off-shell renormalisation
Creators: name: Arthur, R.
name: Boyle, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make use of twisted boundary conditions for off-shell Rome-Southampton renormalisation. This allows to define the vertex function precisely, at a fixed physical momentum that need not be one of the Fourier modes of a simulation. This definition includes choosing the orientation with respect to lattice axes, and so lattice artefacts including ${\cal O}(4)$ breaking then have a valid Symanzik expansion. Excellent statistical precision is afforded by volume plane-wave sources, enabling both a theoretically and statistically clean continuum limit to be taken. Thereafter all $p^2$ dependence can be unambiguously identified as continuum anomolous running. The use of non-exceptional momenta has been found to greatly reduce the dependence of non-perturbative vertex functions on both mass and $p^2$. We illustrate how this can be developed into a practical scheme for step-scaling the RI/SMOM approach with initial results. The size of the possible steps is continuous, rather than discrete allowing one to take arbitrarily small steps, and the scheme inherits from RI/MOM the property that it is easy to implement for general operators.
description: 35 pages
Inhomogenous electronic structure, transport gap, and percolation threshold in disordered bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Rossi, E.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inhomogenous real-space electronic structure of gapless and gapped disordered bilayer graphene is calculated in the presence of quenched charge impurities. For gapped bilayer graphene we find that for current experimental conditions the amplitude of the fluctuations of the screened disorder potential is of the order of (or often larger than) the intrinsic gap $Δ$ induced by the application of a perpendicular electric field. We calculate the crossover chemical potential, $Δ_{\rm cr}$, separating the insulating regime from a percolative regime in which less than half of the area of the bilayer graphene sample is insulating. We find that most of the current experiments are in the percolative regime with $Δ_{\rm cr}<
description: 5 Pages, 2 figures. Published version
Collisions Between Gravity-Dominated Bodies: 1. Outcome Regimes and Scaling Laws
Creators: name: Leinhardt, Zoë M.
name: Stewart, Sarah T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collisions are the core agent of planet formation. In this work, we derive an analytic description of the dynamical outcome for any collision between gravity-dominated bodies. We conduct high-resolution simulations of collisions between planetesimals; the results are used to isolate the effects of different impact parameters on collision outcome. During growth from planetesimals to planets, collision outcomes span multiple regimes: cratering, merging, disruption, super-catastrophic disruption, and hit-and-run events. We derive equations (scaling laws) to demarcate the transition between collision regimes and to describe the size and velocity distributions of the post-collision bodies. The scaling laws are used to calculate maps of collision outcomes as a function of mass ratio, impact angle, and impact velocity, and we discuss the implications of the probability of each collision regime during planet formation. The analytic collision model presented in this work will significantly improve the physics of collisions in numerical simulations of planet formation and collisional evolution. (abstract abridged)
description: Version 3, accepted to ApJ in Nov. 2011 published online Dec. 2011. Abstract abridged
Condensate-free superfluidity induced by frustrated proximity effect
Creators: name: Laflorencie, Nicolas
name: Mila, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the discovery of superfluidity in He4 and Landau's phenomenological theory, the relationship between Bose condensation and superfluidity has been intensely debated. He4 is known by now to be both superfluid and condensed at low temperature, and more generally, in dimension D\geq2, all superfluid bosonic models realized in experiments are condensed in their ground-state, the most recent example being provided by ultracold bosonic atoms trapped in an optical lattice. In this paper, it is shown that a 2D gas of bosons which is not condensed at T=0 can be achieved by populating a layer through a frustrated proximity effect from a superfluid reservoir. This condensate-free bosonic fluid is further shown to be a superfluid with incommensurate correlations.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures + supplementary file including experimental discussions (cold atoms + Han purple)
A self-consistent hybrid Comptonization model for broad-band spectra of accreting supermassive black holes
Creators: name: Veledina, Alexandra
name: Vurm, Indrek
name: Poutanen, Juri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the broad-band spectra of supermassive accreting black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is still unknown. The hard X-ray spectra of Seyferts as well as of Galactic stellar-mass black holes (GBHs) are well represented by thermal Comptonization, but the origin of the seed photons is less certain. The MeV tails observed in GBHs provide evidence in favour of non-thermal electron tails and it is possible that such electrons are also present in the X-ray emitting regions of AGNs. Using simulations with the kinetic code that self-consistently models electron and photon distributions, we find that the power-law-like X-ray spectra in AGNs can be explained in terms of the synchrotron self-Compton radiation of hybrid thermal/non-thermal electrons, similarly to the hard/low state of GBHs. Under a very broad range of parameters the model predicts a rather narrow distribution of photon spectral slopes consistent with that observed from LINERs and Seyferts at luminosities less than 3 per cent of the Eddington luminosity. The entire infrared to X-ray spectrum of these objects can be described in terms of our model, suggesting a tight correlation between the two energy bands. We show that the recently found correlation between slope and the Eddington ratio at higher luminosities can be described by the increasing fraction of disc photons in the emitting region, which may be associated with the decreasing inner radius of the optically thick accretion disc. The increasing flux of soft photons is also responsible for the transformation of the electron distribution from nearly thermal to almost completely non-thermal. The softer X-ray spectra observed in narrow-line Seyfert galaxies may correspond to non-thermal Comptonization of the disc photons, predicting that no cutoff should be observed up to MeV energies in these sources, similarly to the soft-state GBHs.
description: MNRAS published
Disordered quantum walk-induced localization of a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Chandrashekar, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach to induce localization of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice under the influence of unitary quantum walk evolution using disordered quantum coin operation. We introduce a discrete-time quantum walk model in which the interference effect is modified to diffuse or strongly localize the probability distribution of the particle by assigning a different set of coin parameters picked randomly for each step of the walk, respectively. Spatial localization of the particle/state is explained by comparing the variance of the probability distribution of the quantum walk in position space using disordered coin operation to that of the walk using an identical coin operation for each step. Due to the high degree of control over quantum coin operation and most of the system parameters, ultracold atoms in an optical lattice offer opportunities to implement a disordered quantum walk that is unitary and induces localization. Here we present a scheme to use a Bose-Einstein condensate that can be evolved to the superposition of its internal states in an optical lattice and control the dynamics of atoms to observe localization. This approach can be adopted to any other physical system in which controlled disordered quantum walk can be implemented.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, published version
Benford's Law Detects Quantum Phase Transitions similarly as Earthquakes
Creators: name: De, Aditi Sen
name: Sen, Ujjwal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A century ago, it was predicted that the first significant digit appearing in a data would be nonuniformly distributed, with the number one appearing with the highest frequency. This law goes by the name of Benford's law. It holds for data ranging from infectious disease cases to national greenhouse gas emissions. Quantum phase transitions are cooperative phenomena where qualitative changes occur in many-body systems at zero temperature. We show that the century-old Benford's law can detect quantum phase transitions, much like it detects earthquakes. Therefore, being certainly of very different physical origins, seismic activity and quantum cooperative phenomena may be detected by similar methods. The result has immediate implications in precise measurements in experiments in general, and for realizable quantum computers in particular. It shows that estimation of the first significant digit of measured physical observables is enough to detect the presence of quantum phase transitions in macroscopic systems.
description: v1: 3 pages, 2 figures; v2: 6 (+epsilon) epl pages, 5 figures, significant additions, previous results unchanged
Mergers in Double-Peaked [O III] Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Fu, Hai
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Djorgovski, S. G.
name: Yan, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a natural consequence of galaxy mergers, binary active galactic nuclei (AGNs) should be commonplace. Nevertheless, observational confirmations are rare, especially for binaries with separations less than ten kpc. Such a system may show two sets of narrow emission lines in a single spectrum owing to the orbital motion of the binary. We have obtained high-resolution near-infrared images of 50 double-peaked [O III] 5007 AGNs with the Keck II laser guide star adaptive optics system. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample is compiled from the literature and consists of 17 type-1 AGNs between 0.18 < z < 0.56 and 33 type-2 AGNs between 0.03 < z < 0.24. The new images reveal eight type-1 and eight type-2 sources that are apparently undergoing mergers. These are strong candidates of kpc-scale binary AGNs, because they show multiple components separated between 0.6 and 12 kpc and often disturbed morphologies. Because most of the type-1s are at higher redshifts than the type-2s, the higher merger fraction of type-1s (47+/-20%) compared to that of type-2s (24+/-10%) can be attributed to the general evolution of galaxy merger fraction with redshift. Furthermore, we show that AGN mergers are outliers of the M_BH-sigma relation because of over-estimated stellar velocity dispersions, illustrating the importance of removing mergers from the samples defining the M_BH-sigma relations. Finally, we find that the emission-line properties are indistinguishable for spatially resolved and unresolved sources, emphasizing that scenarios involving a single AGN can produce the same double-peaked line profiles and they account for at least 70% of the double-peaked [O III] AGNs.
description: ApJ accepted with major revisions, main results unchanged. 7 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, emulateapj style
D4.3 - Methodological guidelines and technical protocols on data integration
Creators: name: Schingo, Christian
name: Charvalis, Georgios
name: Gutiérrez-García, Alberto
name: Sekkas, Odysseas
name: Nafría-García, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This deliverable is the last step within Tools4CAP’s WP4 on integration and interoperability of new data, technology  and digitalisation. The goal is to provide policymakers and administrations with the methodological knowledge to track progress toward sustainability targets, facilitate compliance and performance monitoring, and inform sound recalibration of policy interventions to ensure delivery of required policy outcomes and to identify innovative data sources, tools and integration mechanisms providing a holistic data collection approach.
Bound Dimers in Bilayers of Cold Polar Molecules
Creators: name: Volosniev, A. G.
name: Zinner, N. T.
name: Fedorov, D. V.
name: Jensen, A. S.
name: Wunsch, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exploration of cold polar molecules in different geometries is a rapidly developing experimental and theoretical pursuit. Recently, the implementation of optical lattices has enabled confinement in stacks of planes, the number of which is also controllable. Here we consider the bound state structure of two polar molecules confined in two adjacent planes as function of the polarization angle of the dipole moment of the molecules. We prove analytically and present numerical evidence for the existence of bound states for arbitrary dipole moments and polarization directions in this two-dimensional geometry. The spatial structure of the bound states is dominated by two-dimensional s- and p-waves, where the latter exceeds 40 percent over a large range of polarization angles for intermediate or strong dipole strength. Finally, we consider the influence of the dimer bound states on the potential many-body ground-state of the system.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, final version
Suppression of Decoherence and Disentanglement by the Exchange Interaction
Creators: name: De, Amrit
name: Lang, Alex
name: Zhou, Dong
name: Joynt, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entangled qubit pairs can serve as a quantum memory or as a resource for quantum communication. The utility of such pairs is measured by how long they take to disentangle or decohere. To answer the question of whether qubit-qubit interactions can prolong entanglement, we calculate the dissipative dynamics of a pair of qubits coupled via the exchange interaction in the presence of random telegraph noise and $1/f$ noise. We show that for maximally entangled (Bell) states, the exchange interaction generally suppresses decoherence and disentanglement. This suppression is more apparent for random telegraph noise if the noise is non-Markovian, whereas for $1/f$ noise the exchange interaction should be comparable in magnitude to strongest noise source. The entangled singlet-triplet superposition state of 2 qubits ($ψ_{\pm}$ Bell state) can be protected by the interaction, while for the triplet-triplet state ($ϕ_{\pm}$ Bell state), it is less effective. Thus the former is more suitable for encoding quantum information.