cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Violence : the devil within us examined in four contemporary British novels : Anthony Burgess, "A clockwork orange"; Flann O’Brien, "The third policeman"; Iris Murdoch, "The time of the angels"; Muriel Spark, "The ballad of Peckham Rye"
Creators: name: Davis, Sarah Gasquoine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis examines violence as a thematic concern in four contemporary British novels: Anthony Burgess's "A Clockwork Orange", Flann O'Brien's "The Third Policeman", Iris Murdoch's "The Time of the Angels" and Muriel Spark's "The Ballad of Peckham Rye". Violence pervades these novels, affecting every character and situation, and it is revealed in elements of fantasy, grotesqueness and surrealism in language, theme and character. A vital link between the novels is that each possesses a demonic character (or characters) whose demonism is symbolic of the darker side of man's nature. These novelists portray life as being a continual struggle—this struggle is the choice between the opposing forces of good and evil; and from this struggle violence erupts. These demonic figures represent the dark and violent choice of evil. An examination of the characters of the demonic figures in these novels reveals that each exists in a strange or curious sort of hell or inverted world. Alex, in "A Clockwork Orange", creates a hell for others which, in turn, sends him to a hell created by society. Violence is the means used by both sides, thus neither Alex nor society appears totally innocent nor totally guilty. The nameless Narrator in "The Third Policeman" is literally dead and in hell--a hell he has created by his own earthly actions. However, he is not alone in his hell, for his accomplice in murder and the peculiar policemen are also oddly affected. In "The Time of the Angels", the characters' hell is confined to a fog-bound rectory in which they are virtually trapped. Leo, however, seems to possess a fey quality which enables him to somehow evade the others' predicament. In contrast, Carel, his aging counterpart, has despaired and is doomed. In "The Ballad of Peckham Rye", Dougal Douglas purposely creates a hellish situation for a chosen group of people; his reason is psychological manipulation—the result is violence. The focal point of the novels seems to lie in the obsession shared by these demonic figures—obsession with self and self-gratification. Essentially, it is the obsession of these protagonists which warp and influence the nightmare worlds which all the characters inhabit, worlds in which violence and destruction seem inevitable. This violence is a reflection of the growing violence of our modern, technological society in which psychopathy (comparable to that practiced by these demonic figures) is on the increase and humanism is on the wane.
ฮีโมโกลบินผิดปกติที่พบในภาคเหนือตอนบนของประเทศไทย (Abnormal Hemoglobins Found in Upper Northern Thailand)
Creators: name: สิทธิชัย ปัญญาใส
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2013
Subjects: abnormal hemoglobin, ?-globin gene, ?-globin gene, ?-globin gene

description: S1 (Special Issue 1), S.1, Thai Journal of Genetics
The sharp energy-capacity inequality
Creators: name: Usher, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D35

description: Using the Oh-Schwarz spectral invariants and some arguments of Frauenfelder, Ginzburg, and Schlenk, we show that the π_1-sensitive Hofer-Zehnder capacity of any subset of a closed symplectic manifold is less than or equal to its displacement energy. This estimate is sharp, and implies some new extensions of the Non-Squeezing Theorem.
description: 14 pages
Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Varun
name: Tamvada, Suhas
name: Lolla, Yashasvi
name: Anand, Sushant
Publisher: name: AIP Publishing
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Details of derivations and physics used in the main manuscript.
Quantum phase estimations with spin coherent states superposition
Creators: name: Maleki, Yusef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum metrological performance of spin coherent states superposition is considered, and conditions for measurements with the Heisenberg-limit (HL) precision are identified. It is demonstrated that the choice of the parameter-generating operator can lead to physically different estimation outcomes. In particular, closed-form analytical descriptions for the performance of spin cat states are derived. These findings show the routes to careful control of parameters necessary for achieving HL precision and provide insightful information on the geometry of the specific coherent state superposition and its relevance to the performance of the states for parameter estimations.
Characterisation of pulmonary air leak measurements using a mechanical ventilator in a bench setup
Creators: name: Hermans, Bob P.
name: van Doorn, Jeroen L. M.
name: Roesthuis, Lisanne H.
name: Hofland, Jan
name: Li, Wilson W. L.
name: van Dort, Daniël I. M.
name: van der Heijden, Erik H. F. M.
name: van Goor, Harry
name: Verhagen, Ad F. T. M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Virology

description: Prolonged air leakage (AL) following pulmonary resections leads to prolonged hospital stay and post-operative complications. Intra- and postoperative quantification of AL might be useful for improving treatment decisions, but these measurements have not been characterised. AL calculations based on inspiratory and expiratory tidal volumes were investigated in an Intensive Care Unit mechanical ventilator circuit (Servo-I). AL was also measured by a digital chest drainage system. This study shows that AL measurements increase in accuracy when corrected for baseline deviations (R: 0.904 > 0.997, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a funnel-shape, indicative of a detection threshhold. Corrected measurements were most accurate when averaged over five breaths and AL was >500 mL/min, with an estimated mean systemic bias of 7.4% (95%-limits of agreement [LoA]: 1.1%-13.7%) at 500 mL/min air leak. Breath-by-breath analysis showed most accurate results at AL >20 mL/breath (R: 0.989–0.991, p < 0.001) at tidal volumes between 350–600 mL. The digital drain had a mean systemic bias of −11.1% (95%-LoA: −18.9% to −3.3%) with homogenous scatter in Bland-Altman analysis and a strong correlation to the control measurement over a large range (0–2000mL/min, R: 0.999, p < 0.001). This study indicates that the Servo-I can be used for air leak quantification in clinically relevant ranges (>500 mL/min), but is unsuited for small leak detection due to a detection threshold. Researchers and clinicians should be aware of varying accuracy and interoperability characteristics between AL measurement devices.
Leitfaden zur Unterstützung und Abwicklung von Publikationskosten
Creators: name: Verena, Halbherr
name: Nadine, Reimer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open Access
HAWen und PHen in Baden-Württemberg

description: Leitfaden zur Unterstützung und Abwicklung von Publikationskosten
The interdisciplinary between Occupational Therapy and Physical  Education
Creators: name: Tayane Medeiros De Oliveira
name: Magalhães, Guilherme Lins De
name: Souza, Silvia Emanoella Silva Martins De
name: Jônatas De França Barros
name: Gallassi, Andréa Donatti
name: Silva, André Ribeiro Da
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: Occupational therapy (OT) works with human life and acts in daily life and quality of life of the subject as well as Physical Education (EF), has human life as a performance target and make use of various tools. Among the tools the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) deals with the individual-activity-environment, and the way in which the subject meets their basic and personal needs and how to organize their daily routine (sanitize, dress, food). Moreover, it is relevant to mention the psychomotor development with the technical working autonomy and independence of the subject, which directly affects the quality of life. You are talking about two professions united by one work object: human life. Because it is something unique, each person is unique, this jobs created to care for human life. It is making you reach satisfaction and quality of life, as are professionals who develop the human's science health and all your senses. Therefore, the OT and PE relate when they treat the human considering its peculiarities, economic factors, psychological, social, religious, cultural and especially biological / physical. Thus, from the link, they are professionals who build on their potential great skills. Specifically, the rehabilitation, the OT has the particularity of activity analysis as a tool, because from it you can categorize with purpose and method which must be submitted to greater objectivity and quality, to the subject. Considering rehabilitation as the improved performance of the functional capabilities of the human body by permanent or temporary reasons is unable to carry out their activities, among them, ADLs, work and leisure, we have that is the health care that instrumentalizes relationship / interaction of the individual and their role / environment (1). With everything, it can be concluded that the OT and the PE should work as a team, becouse they have the same object of work and both of them use of additional working tools. Like this, there are immeasurable gains for people who enjoy and / or need these professionals. Thus, as to the actual advancement of professions, since the more the sciences communicate higher are launched flights for evidence-based practice.

1. Neistadt ME, Crepeau EB. Occupational Therapy. Traduzido por Willard & Spackman. Terapia Ocupacional. Nona edição, Rio de Janeiro, 2002.
Spoken Language Change in Children on the Autism Spectrum Receiving Community-Based Interventions
Creators: name: Trembath, David
name: Stainer, Matt
name: Caithness, Kristina
name: Dissanayake, Cheryl
name: Eapen, Valsamma
name: Fordyce, Kathryn
name: Frewer, Veronica
name: Frost, Grace
name: Hudry, Kristelle
name: Iacono, Teresa
name: Mahler, Nicole
name: Masi, Anne
name: Paynter, Jessica
name: Pye, Katherine
name: Quan, Shannon
name: Shellshear, Leanne
name: Sutherland, Rebecca
name: Sievers, Stephanie
name: Thirumanickam, Abirami
name: Westerveld, Marleen F
name: Tucker, Madonna
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We assessed the spoken language of 73 preschool aged children on the autism spectrum receiving community-based early intervention at two time points, approximately 7 months apart. Using the Spoken Language Benchmarks, there was a small non-significant change in the proportion of children transitioning from below, to at or above, Phase 3 (word combinations). Using binomial regression, a model comprising seven of nine clinician-proposed child-related predictors explained 64% of the variance. None of the predictors were individually significant, although a large effect size (OR = 16.71) was observed for children’s baseline rate of communicative acts. The findings point to substantial unmet clinical need in children with minimal verbal language, but also the relevance of clinician-proposed predictors of their spoken language outcomes.
Investigation of the pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for Houge-Janssens Syndrome 1 (HJS1)
Creators: name: Chen, Chunling
Publisher: name: University of Iowa
Year: 2027
Subjects: autosomal-recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS)
Houge-Janssens Syndrome 1
Mitochondrial morphology
Neurodevelopmental disorders
phosphodiesterase-4D (PDE4D) inhibitor
Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A)
Pharmacology

description: Houge-Janssens Syndrome 1 (HJS1) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from heterozygous de novo missense mutations in the PPP2R5D gene, which encodes the δ isoform of the B' regulatory subunit family (B'δ) of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a key serine/threonine phosphatase involved in many cellular functions. To investigate the underlying disease mechanisms, we developed three clinically relevant knock-in mouse models (E198K, E200K, and E420K). Our findings reveal that E198K, E420K, and E200K mice exhibit core patient features such as macrocephaly and frontal bossing. Behaviorally, E198K and E420K mice showed physical and motor developmental delays, hyperactivity, context-dependent anxiety, and deficits in spatial and associative memory, whereas E200K mice displayed only short-term memory deficits. Biochemical analyses indicated reduced phosphorylation of PKA substrates, GluR1-S831, GluR1-S845, and CaMKII-T286 in E198K and E420K mouse brains, with no such changes in E200K mice. Additionally, adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of E198K mice showed increased dendritic branching and length in DCX+ cells, along with depletion of SOX2+ nuclei in the inner blade of the granule layer. These biochemical changes provided insights into pathogenic mechanisms of HJS1.
description: Building on findings of reduced PKA substrate phosphorylation in E198K mice, we investigated phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) as a therapeutic target. We utilized BPN14770, a selective PDE4D inhibitor currently in phase 3 clinical trials for fragile X syndrome. Our results demonstrated that a single dose of BPN14770 enhanced cognition and decreased hyperactivity in E198K mice, with increased phosphorylation of PKA substrate in the cortex and hippocampus. Additionally, a two-week chronic treatment of BPN14770 resulted in sustained reductions in hyperactivity lasting even up to 12 weeks after drug withdrawal, though cognitive improvements were not sustained. These findings suggest that PDE4 inhibitors, particularly BPN14770, may be promising long-term treatments for managing HJS1 symptoms.
description: Collectively, our findings (1) offer insights into the possible pathogenic mechanisms of HJS1; and (2) demonstrate a promising therapeutic target for treating HJS1 symptoms.
The IBISCO survey: I. Multiphase discs and winds in the Seyfert galaxy Markarian 509
Creators: name: Zanchettin, M. V.
name: Feruglio, C.
name: Bischetti, M.
name: Malizia, A.
name: Molina, M.
name: Bongiorno, A.
name: Dadina, M.
name: Gruppioni, C.
name: Piconcelli, E.
name: Tombesi, F.
name: Travascio, A.
name: Fiore, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of the ALMA CO(2-1) emission line and the underlying 1.2 mm continuum of Mrk509 with spatial resolution of 270 pc. This local Seyfert 1.5 galaxy, optically classified as a spheroid, is known to host a ionised disc, a starburst ring, and ionised gas winds on both nuclear and galactic scales. From CO(2-1) we estimate a molecular gas mass $M_{H_2}=1.7\times 10^9\, \rm M_{\odot}$, located within a disc of size 5.2 kpc, with $M_{dyn}$=(2.0$\pm$1.1) $\times$ $10^{10}\, \rm M_{\odot}$ inclined at $44\pm10$ deg. The molecular gas fraction within the disc is $μ_{gas}=5\%$. The gas kinematics in the nuclear region within r=700 pc suggests the presence of a warped nuclear disc. Both the presence of a molecular disc with ongoing star-formation in a starburst ring, and the signatures of a minor merger, are in agreement with the scenario where galaxy mergers produce gas destabilization, feeding both star-formation and AGN activity. The spatially-resolved Toomre Q-parameter across the molecular disc is in the range $Q_{gas}=0.5-10$, and shows that the disc is marginally unstable across the starburst ring, and stable at nucleus and in a lopsided ring-like structure located inside of the starburst ring. We find complex molecular gas kinematics and significant kinematics perturbations at two locations, one within 300 pc from the nucleus, and one 1.4 kpc away close to the region with high $Q_{gas}$, that we interpret as molecular winds. The total molecular outflow rate is in the range 6.4-17.0 $\rm M_\odot/yr$. The molecular wind total kinetic energy is consistent with a multiphase momentum-conserving wind driven by the AGN with $\dot{P}_{of}/\dot{P}_{rad}$ in the range 0.06-0.5. The spatial overlap of the inner molecular wind with the ionised wind, and their similar velocity suggest a cooling sequence within a multiphase AGN driven wind.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables Accepted by A&A
Analysis of Proton Bunch Parameters in the AWAKE Experiment
Creators: name: Hafych, V.
name: Caldwell, A.
name: Agnello, R.
name: Ahdida, C. C.
name: Aladi, M.
name: Goncalves, M. C. Amoedo
name: Andrebe, Y.
name: Apsimon, O.
name: Apsimon, R.
name: Bachmann, A. -M.
name: Baistrukov, M. A.
name: Batsch, F.
name: Bergamaschi, M.
name: Blanchard, P.
name: Burrows, P. N.
name: Buttenschön, B.
name: Chappell, J.
name: Chevallay, E.
name: Chung, M.
name: Cooke, D. A.
name: Damerau, H.
name: Davut, C.
name: Demeter, G.
name: Dexter, A.
name: Doebert, S.
name: Farmer, J.
name: Fasoli, A.
name: Fedosseev, V. N.
name: Fiorito, R.
name: Fonseca, R. A.
name: Furno, I.
name: Gessner, S.
name: Gorn, A. A.
name: Granados, E.
name: Granetzny, M.
name: Graubner, T.
name: Grulke, O.
name: Gschwendtner, E.
name: Guran, E. D.
name: Henderson, J. R.
name: Hüther, M.
name: Kedves, M. Á.
name: Khudyakov, V.
name: Kim, S. -Y.
name: Kraus, F.
name: Krupa, M.
name: Lefevre, T.
name: Liang, L.
name: Lopes, N.
name: Lotov, K. V.
name: Mazzoni, S.
name: Godoy, D. Medina
name: Moody, J. T.
name: Moon, K.
name: Guzmán, P. I. Morales
name: Moreira, M.
name: Nechaeva, T.
name: Nowak, E.
name: Pakuza, C.
name: Panuganti, H.
name: Pardons, A.
name: Perera, A.
name: Pucek, J.
name: Pukhov, A.
name: Ráczkevi, B.
name: Ramjiawan, R. L.
name: Rey, S.
name: Schmitz, O.
name: Senes, E.
name: Silva, L. O.
name: Stollberg, C.
name: Sublet, A.
name: Topaloudis, A.
name: Torrado, N.
name: Tuev, P. V.
name: Turner, M.
name: Velotti, F.
name: Verra, L.
name: Vieira, J.
name: Vincke, H.
name: Welsch, C. P.
name: Wendt, M.
name: Wing, M.
name: Wolfenden, J.
name: Woolley, B.
name: Xia, G.
name: Zepp, M.
name: Della Porta, G. Zevi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A precise characterization of the incoming proton bunch parameters is required to accurately simulate the self-modulation process in the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). This paper presents an analysis of the parameters of the incoming proton bunches used in the later stages of the AWAKE Run 1 data-taking period. The transverse structure of the bunch is observed at multiple positions along the beamline using scintillating or optical transition radiation screens. The parameters of a model that describes the bunch transverse dimensions and divergence are fitted to represent the observed data using Bayesian inference. The analysis is tested on simulated data and then applied to the experimental data.
title: 青海省1∶250 000德令哈幅区域地质调查报告
title: 区域地质调查报告2018-10018
titleType: Other
Creators: name: 许;王;陈;靳;杨;刘, 海全;国良;光庭;旭亮;雪松; 荣
Publisher: name: 全国地质资料馆
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 构造格架;成矿作用;资源潜力;成矿规律;矿产评价;柴达木周缘

description: “1∶25万大柴旦镇（J46C003004）、德令哈市（J47C003001）幅区调修测”项目是柴达木周缘及邻区成矿带矿产调查评价项目。全面收集调查研究区新近完成的地物化遥等资料，综合分析区内关键地质矿产问题，结合正在开展的基础地质调查评价项目，针对存在的关键地质矿产问题，开展重点调查研究和遥感解译及蚀变信息提取等工作，系统总结研究区内地层、岩浆岩、构造及其它各种地质体的基本特征，合理的建立了测区地层系统、岩浆序列和区域构造格架。通过初步研究，区内不同构造单元内具有不同时期不同类型的成矿作用。本次调查工作，在前人工作基础上新发现金属矿化线索4处。其中金属矿化有：铜矿化线索3处，磁铁矿化线索1处。初步评价了区内铜、铅、金等多金属矿产的资源潜力；同时系统开展了钼、铜、金等多金属矿的成矿地质背景和成矿条件、成矿规律的研究。
A Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa, sua fundamentação e implementação (SLIDES)
Creators: name: Valadares, Jorge
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Aprendizagem
Construtivismo

description: Esta é uma das cinco conferências plenárias que decorreram em São Paulo, no Brasil, de 26 a 30 de Julho de 2010, no  VI Enconro Internacional  de Aprendizagem Significativa que coincidiu com o 3º Encontro Nacional de Aprendizagem Significativa.

Nela foi apresentada a fundamentação epistemológida dessa importante Teoria da Aprendizagem que assenta numa visão construtivista não radical da produção do conhecimento.
แบบจำลองพันธุประวัติของการถ่ายทอดยีนไมโทคอนเดรียในสภาพ heteroplasmy ของมนุษย์ (Pedigree Model of Human mtDNA Heteroplasmy Inheritance)
Creators: name: ภัสสร วรรณพินิจ
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2013
Subjects: heteroplasmy, random genetic drift, pedigree model

description: S1 (Special Issue 1), S.1, Thai Journal of Genetics
Probing the interaction of semi-hard quarks and gluons with the underlying event in light- and heavy-flavor triggered proton-proton collisions
Creators: name: Vértesi, Róbert
name: Bencédi, Gyula
name: Misák, Anett
name: Ortiz, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study underlying-event observables in inelastic proton-proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with identified light and heavy-flavor triggers using the PYTHIA 8 event generator. The study is performed as a function of the transverse momentum of the leading particle ($p_\mathrm{T}^{\rm trigger}$). While at high $p_\mathrm{T}^{\rm trigger}$ ($>10$ GeV/$c$) the underlying-event activity is independent of the leading particle species, at intermediate $p_\mathrm{T}^{\rm trigger}$ ($2
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Nuclear Physics B
Dynamics and Control of a Quasi-1D Spin System
Creators: name: Cappellaro, Paola
name: Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar
name: Cory, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study experimentally a system comprised of linear chains of spin-1/2 nuclei that provides a test-bed for multi-body dynamics and quantum information processing. This system is a paradigm for a new class of quantum information devices that can perform particular tasks even without universal control of the whole quantum system. We investigate the extent of control achievable on the system with current experimental apparatus and methods to gain information on the system state, when full tomography is not possible and in any case highly inefficient.
Examining a zone of cultural exception: internet pornography and the sexual socialisation of young adults
Creators: name: Bernstein, Shireen
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Pornography has become a pervasive part of modern sexual discourse. No longer confined to alleyway adult stores and brown paper bags, Internet pornography (IP) is now accessible from any connected device. Importantly, it is also increasingly evident that much heterosexual IP depicts aggressive, often degrading and sometimes violent acts by men against women. Few theories have been proposed as to why this content nevertheless continues to be so widely viewed, and accepted. Similarly, research is still limited in terms of the environmental and person factors that are associated with the decision to view IP and on the factors that may lead IP viewing to become problematic for some whilst others note few, if any adverse consequences. To address these issues, five studies are presented.
Study one is a theoretical review, presenting a conceptual and analytical approach, namely that IP operates within a “zone of cultural exception”, a space in which all acts, including aggressive and violent acts against women, are permissible. With this theoretical scaffold in mind, a Theoretical Model of IP Use is used to guide the examination of a number of correlates of the decision to view IP and its potential consequences. Study two involves an examination of affective responses to IP, expectancies and global attitudes to IP. Study three examines the factors that may lead some individuals to be more vulnerable to the development of problematic IP viewing. Study four examines the impact of IP on the acquisition or reinforcement of aggressive, sexual and gendered scripts, attitudes and behaviours. Study five examine the IP content young adults view, to what extent they feel they may be enacting IP-related narratives and the cognitive biases that may augment the acquisition and enactment of IP narratives. Together, these studies provide insights about the correlates of the decision to view IP and the association of IP viewing with problematic sexual beliefs and behaviours, including sexually aggressive and gendered attitudes.
Engineering for Survival in Rural Africa in the Era of Covid-19
Creators: name: Fomunyam, Dr. Kehdinga George
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Engineering has been reputed as a discipline that makes things work better. By the ingenuity of engineering, there is the potential to deploy creativity to solve some of the problems of the world and help in shaping the future. Shortly after the novel coronavirus, SARS-COV-2 (2019-NCov) was initially identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan in a group of patients diagnosed with pneumonia on December 31, 2019, it resulted to fast paced human to human transmission which has generated lots of media stirs and hype concerning issues of public health globally. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a ribonucleic acid virus (RNA) which has the physical appearance of a crown when viewed under the microscope which is as a result of glycoprotein spikes on its envelope. Findings from the study revealed that engineering has great impact on health conditions in rural Africa and the era of COVID-19 brought with it various consequences on the health systems of people. Understanding that there is no known cure for COVID-19 is key and various countries of the world depended on their knowledge and expertise to deal with the disease. This study therefore recommends that there is a need for intensified effort on engineering in rural Africa.
An Unexpectedly Swift Rise in the Gamma-ray Burst Rate
Creators: name: Kistler, Matthew D.
name: Yuksel, Hasan
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Stanek, Krzysztof Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The association of long gamma-ray bursts with supernovae naturally suggests that the cosmic GRB rate should trace the star formation history. Finding otherwise would provide important clues concerning these rare, curious phenomena. Using a new estimate of Swift GRB energetics to construct a sample of 36 luminous GRBs with redshifts in the range z=0-4, we find evidence of enhanced evolution in the GRB rate, with ~4 times as many GRBs observed at z~4 than expected from star formation measurements. This direct and empirical demonstration of needed additional evolution is a new result. It is consistent with theoretical expectations from metallicity effects, but other causes remain possible, and we consider them systematically.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; minor changes to agree with published version
Interactions in protein solutions close to liquid-liquid phase separation: Ethanol reduces attractions via changes of the dielectric solution properties
Creators: name: Hansen, Jan
name: Uthayakumar, Rajeevann
name: Pedersen, Jan Skov
name: Egelhaaf, Stefan U.
name: Platten, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ethanol is a common protein crystallization agent, precipitant, and denaturant, but also alters the dielectric properties of solutions. While ethanol-induced unfolding is largely ascribed to its hydrophobic parts, its effect on protein phase separation and inter-protein interactions remains poorly understood. Here, the effects of ethanol and NaCl on the phase behavior and interactions of protein solutions are studied in terms of the metastable liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and the second virial coefficient $B_2$ using lysozyme solutions. Determination of the phase diagrams shows that the cloud-point temperatures are reduced and raised by the addition of ethanol and salt, respectively. The observed trends can be explained using the extended law of corresponding states as changes of $B_2$. The results for $B_2$ agree quantitatively with those of static light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. Furthermore, $B_2$ values calculated based on inter-protein interactions described by the Derjaguin--Landau--Verwey--Overbeek (DLVO) potential and considering the dielectric solution properties and electrostatic screening due to the ethanol and salt content quantitatively agree with the experimentally observed $B_2$ values.
Direct spectroscopic observations of clumping in O-star winds
Creators: name: Lepine, Sebastien
name: Moffat, Anthony F. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection and monitoring of transient substructures in the radiation-driven winds of five massive, hot stars in different evolutionary stages. Clumping in the winds of these stars shows up as variable, narrow subpeaks superposed on their wide, wind-broadened (optical) emission lines. Similar patterns of emission-line profile variations are detected in the Of stars zeta Puppis and HD93129A, in the more evolved hydrogen-rich, luminous, Of-like WN stars HD93131 and HD93162, and in the more mass-depleted WC star in gamma2 Velorum. These observations strongly suggest that stochastic wind clumping is a universal phenomenon in the radiation-driven, hot winds from all massive stars, with similar clumping factors in all stages of mass depletion.
description: To appear in The Astronomical Journal
High-energy Particle Acceleration and Production of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays in the Giant Lobes of Centaurus A
Creators: name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Cheung, C. C.
name: Feain, I. J.
name: Stawarz, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A is poorly studied at high frequencies with conventional radio telescopes because of its very large angular size, but is one of a very few extragalactic objects to be detected and resolved by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). We have used the five-year WMAP data for Cen A to constrain the high-frequency radio spectra of the 10-degree giant lobes and to search for spectral changes as a function of position along the lobes. We show that the high-frequency radio spectra of the northern and southern giant lobes are significantly different: the spectrum of the southern lobe steepens monotonically (and is steeper further from the active nucleus) whereas the spectrum of the northern lobe remains consistent with a power law. The inferred differences in the northern and southern giant lobes may be the result of real differences in their high-energy particle acceleration histories, perhaps due to the influence of the northern middle lobe, an intermediate-scale feature which has no detectable southern counterpart. In light of these results, we discuss the prospects for Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detections of inverse-Compton emission from the giant lobes and the lobes' possible role in the production of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory. We show that the possibility of a Fermi detection depends sensitively on the physical conditions in the giant lobes, with the northern lobe more likely to be detected, and that any emission observed by Fermi is likely to be dominated by photons at the soft end of the Fermi energy band. On the other hand we argue that the estimated conditions in the giant lobes imply that UHECRs can be accelerated there, with a potentially detectable gamma-ray signature at TeV energies.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted by MNRAS. v3 fixes a typo in the reference list, otherwise unchanged from v2
The 2019 Commission Notice on Recovery of Unlawful and Incompatible State Aid
Creators: name: Bashari, Evgjeni
name: Gjevori, Anduena
Publisher: name: Euro-Balkan Law and Economics Review
Year: 2021

description: The European Union has developed its unique State aid rules, prohibiting aid which distorts competition, as an essential part of the integration of the internal market. The primary EU State aid rules, part of the Treaty of Rome 1957, have remained essentially unchanged. However, the Treatiesare silent about what happens after the European Commission has issued a decision pursuant to which a given aid measure is unlawful and incompatible with the internal market. It is the Court of Justice which has formally acknowledged the competence of the Commission to order the recovery of unlawful and incompatible aids. In 2007, the Commission issued its first Recovery Notice giving a general overview of the recovery policy and the development of the legal framework. Whereas the 2019 Recovery Notice, which provides the actual guidance on recovery of unlawful and incompatible State aid, considers the increased responsibility of the Member States in State aid enforcement in the framework of the 2012 State Aid Modernisation.Moreover, it takes into consideration the experience gained by the Commission regarding recovery proceedings and it also includes some of the case law of the European courts during the last decade.
description: Euro-Balkan Law and Economics Review, N. 1 (2021): Fascicolo 1
Antenna Radiation Efficiency Estimation From Backscattering Measurement Performed Within Reverberation Chambers
Creators: name: Krouka, Wafa
name: Sarrazin, François
name: de Rosny, Julien
name: Labdouni, Adnane
name: Richalot, Elodie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a contactless measurement method for antenna radiation efficiency estimation within reverberation chambers (RCs). This method does not require to connect any analyzer to the antenna under test (AUT). The AUT radiation efficiency is obtained from the differential measurement of the RC composite $Q$-factor estimated for two AUT load conditions, namely an open circuit and a \SI[detect-weight]{50}{\ohm} load. Remotely-controlled RF switches are used in order to keep the setup identical for both measurements. The method is experimentally validated in two RCs of different volumes (1~m$^3$ and 19~m$^3$) with a wideband patch antenna in the 1.8~GHz to 2.8~GHz frequency range. The estimated efficiency is found to be in very good agreement with the one obtained through a conventional invasive RC measurement technique. This new method is suitable for miniature and buried antenna characterization without access to its port.
Where do we stand with a 3-D picture of the proton?
Creators: name: Bacchetta, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are on the way to obtaining multi-dimensional "pictures" of the proton. The field is bursting with activities, both from the theoretical and experimental side. A brief selection of important achievements of the last years and open challenges for the future is presented. They are already well documented in the various reviews of this Special Issue, but they are gathered here in a more condensed way for convenience, together with some additional remarks. The choice of the items included in this short overview is far from being complete and represents the view of the author.
description: Article published in 2016 as a contribution to the EPJA Special Issue on "3D Structure of the Nucleon"
Extremely high precision VLBI astrometry of PSR J0437-4715 and implications for theories of gravity
Creators: name: Deller, A. T.
name: Verbiest, J. P. W.
name: Tingay, S. J.
name: Bailes, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the recently upgraded Long Baseline Array, we have measured the trigonometric parallax of PSR J0437-4715 to better than 1% precision, the most precise pulsar distance determination made to date. Comparing this VLBI distance measurement to the kinematic distance obtained from pulsar timing, which is calculated from the pulsar's proper motion and apparent rate of change of orbital period, gives a precise limit on the unmodeled relative acceleration between the Solar System and PSR J0437-4715, which can be used in a variety of applications. Firstly, it shows that Newton's gravitational constant G is stable with time (\dot{G}/G = (-5 +- 26) x 10^{-13} yr^{-1}, 95% confidence). Secondly, if a stochastic gravitational wave background existed at the currently quoted limit, this null result would fail ~50% of the time. Thirdly, it excludes Jupiter-mass planets within 226 AU of the Sun in 50% of the sky (95% confidence). Finally, the ~1% agreement of the parallax and orbital period derivative distances provides a fundamental confirmation of the parallax distance method upon which all astronomical distances are based.
description: 11 pages, 1 Figure, submitted to ApJL
Computational Efficiency in Multivariate Adversarial Risk Analysis Models
Creators: name: Perry, Michael Macgregor
name: El-Amine, Hadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we address the computational feasibility of the class of decision theoretic models referred to as adversarial risk analyses (ARA). These are models where a decision must be made with consideration for how an intelligent adversary may behave and where the decision-making process of the adversary is unknown, and is elicited by analyzing the adversary's decision problem using priors on his utility function and beliefs. The motivation of this research was to develop a computational algorithm that can be applied across a broad range of ARA models; to the best of our knowledge, no such algorithm currently exists. Using a two-person sequential model, we incrementally increase the size of the model and develop a simulation-based approximation of the true optimum where an exact solution is computationally impractical. In particular, we begin with a relatively large decision space by considering a theoretically continuous space that must be discretized. Then, we incrementally increase the number of strategic objectives which causes the decision space to grow exponentially. The problem is exacerbated by the presence of an intelligent adversary who also must solve an exponentially large decision problem according to some unknown decision-making process. Nevertheless, using a stylized example that can be solved analytically we show that our algorithm not only solves large ARA models quickly but also accurately selects to the true optimal solution. Furthermore, the algorithm is sufficiently general that it can be applied to any ARA model with a large, yet finite, decision space.
A Wrinkle in Coleman - De Luccia
Creators: name: Brown, Adam R.
name: Sarangi, Saswat
name: Shlaer, Benjamin
name: Weltman, Amanda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stringy effects on vacuum transitions are shown to include surprisingly large decay rates through very high potential barriers. This simple, yet counter-intuitive result will drastically modify the measure on the landscape of string vacua.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, changes made to 'including gravity' section
Starburst Intensity Limit of Galaxies at z~5-6
Creators: name: Hathi, N. P.
name: Malhotra, S.
name: Rhoads, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The peak star formation intensity in starburst galaxies does not vary significantly from the local universe to redshift z~6. We arrive at this conclusion through new surface brightness measurements of 47 starburst galaxies at z~5-6, doubling the redshift range for such observations. These galaxies are spectroscopically confirmed in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) through the GRism ACS program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) project. The starburst intensity limit for galaxies at z~5-6 agree with those at z~3-4 and z~0 to within a factor of a few, after correcting for cosmological surface brightness dimming and for dust. The most natural interpretation of this constancy over cosmic time is that the same physical mechanisms limit starburst intensity at all redshifts up to z~6 (be they galactic winds, gravitational instability, or something else). We do see two trends with redshift: First, the UV spectral slope of galaxies at z~5-6 is bluer than that of z~3 galaxies, suggesting an increase in dust content over time. Second, the galaxy sizes from z~3 to z~6 scale approximately as the Hubble parameter 1/H(z). Thus, galaxies at z~6 are high redshift starbursts, much like their local analogs except for slightly bluer colors, smaller physical sizes, and correspondingly lower overall luminosities. If we now assume a constant maximum star formation intensity, the differences in observed surface brightness between z~0 and z~6 are consistent with standard expanding cosmology and strongly inconsistent with tired light model.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ (23 pages, 5 figures). Minor changes to text
Decoding the Mechanism for the Origin of Dark Matter in the Early Universe Using LHC Data
Creators: name: Feldman, Daniel
name: Liu, Zuowei
name: Nath, Pran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that LHC data can allow one to decode the mechanism by which dark matter is generated in the early universe in supersymmetric theories. We focus on two of the major mechanisms for such generation of dark matter which are known to be the Stau Coannihilation (Stau-Co) where the neutralino is typically Bino like and annihilation on the Hyperbolic Branch (HB) where the neutralino has a significant Higgsino component. An investigation of how one may discriminate between the Stau-Co region and the HB region using LHC data is given for the mSUGRA model. The analysis utilizes several signatures including multi leptons, hadronic jets, b-tagging, and missing transverse momentum. A study of the SUSY signatures reveals several correlated smoking gun signals allowing a clear discrimination between the Stau-Co and the HB regions where dark matter in the early universe can originate.
description: 7 pages, 5 figs, 2 columns, Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Der Social Return on Investment (SROI)-Ansatz: Ein systematisches Review über Wirkungsmessung von Projekten im Zeitraum 2012-2020
Creators: name: Nutzinger, Benedikt
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: SROI, social return on investment, wirkungsmessung, management, entscheidungsfindung, sroi-analyse

description: Das Thema Wirkungsmessung gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Dabei führen insbesondere Trends
 wie Evidence-based policy (EBP), Pay for Success, Nachhaltigkeit und Corporate Social Responsibility
 (CSR) zu einer steigenden Nachfrage nach Instrumenten für die Wirkungsmessung. Die derzeit
 umfassendste Methode der Wirkungsmessung ist die Social Return on Investment (SROI)-Analyse.
 Trotz der großen Verbreitung der SROI-Methode bestehen weiterhin Unklarheiten über die praktische
 Reichweite des SROI-Ansatzes, wegen dessen unterschiedlicher Anwendung und über den Mehrwert,
 den die Methode für die beauftragenden Organisationen bringt. Anhand einer Analyse von 111 SROIEvaluationen
 wird in der vorliegenden Masterarbeit die Entwicklung des SROI-Ansatzes in den Jahren
 2012 bis 2020 in ihrer praktischen Anwendung und der Nutzen der SROI-Methode aus der
 Praxisperspektive dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen zwar die große Vielfalt und Reichweite
 der SROI-Analyse, deren Qualität hat sich gemessen an Transparenz und Nachvollziehbarkeit der
 Studienberichte jedoch kaum verbessert. Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die SROI-Analyse in
 der Praxis vor allem als eine Informationsquelle zur Unterstützung und Begründung von
 Entscheidungen genutzt wird, weshalb das Management der beauftragenden Organisation am
 meisten von der Methode profitieren dürfte. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit weisen auf die Notwendigkeit
 einer stärker praxisorientierten Auseinandersetzung mit der SROI-Analyse hin und sollen zur
 Brückenbildung zwischen Forschung und Praxis beitragen. Weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht
 insbesondere im Hinblick auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Qualität und Zweck einer SROI-Studie,
 wobei besonders der Rigidität des Erhebungsdesigns sowie der Transparenz und der
 Nachvollziehbarkeit des Studienberichts Beachtung geschenkt werden sollte.
Fake News Detection: Experiments and Approaches beyond Linguistic Features
Creators: name: Bhatt, Shaily
name: Kalra, Sakshi
name: Goenka, Naman
name: Sharma, Yashvardhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Easier access to the internet and social media has made disseminating information through online sources very easy. Sources like Facebook, Twitter, online news sites and personal blogs of self-proclaimed journalists have become significant players in providing news content. The sheer amount of information and the speed at which it is generated online makes it practically beyond the scope of human verification. There is, hence, a pressing need to develop technologies that can assist humans with automatic fact-checking and reliable identification of fake news. This paper summarizes the multiple approaches that were undertaken and the experiments that were carried out for the task. Credibility information and metadata associated with the news article have been used for improved results. The experiments also show how modelling justification or evidence can lead to improved results. Additionally, the use of visual features in addition to linguistic features is demonstrated. A detailed comparison of the results showing that our models perform significantly well when compared to robust baselines as well as state-of-the-art models are presented.