cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model for the 2017 Agricultural Real Estate Assessment
Creators: name: Haugen, Ronald
name: Haugen, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land valuation, real estate assessment, agricultural land

description: This report summarizes the 2017 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2017 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county’s total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 0.81 percent from 2016 to 2017 based on the value of production. The formula cost of production index value used in the 2017 analysis was 197.18. The formula capitalization rate was 4.78 percent. Cropland value increased, on average, 0.74 percent. Across individual counties, the cropland valuation ranged from a decrease of 2.06 percent to an increase of 4.54 percent. County values had small increases and decreases depending on crop mix and cropland to non-cropland percentages. Non-cropland values increased 1.57 percent. This was due to the price received for calves and cull cows. Generally, counties with more livestock increased, while counties with more cropland decreased. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
Infinite order excitonic Bloch equations for asymmetric nanostructures
Creators: name: Hawton, M.
name: Dignam, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new exciton-based formalism for calculating the coherent response of asymmetric semiconductor multiple quantum well structures to ultra-short optical pulses valid to infinite order in the optical field and including the self-generated intraband fields. We use these equations to calculate and explain the oscillations with time delay of peaks in the spectrally-resolved degenerate four wave mixing signals from biased semiconductor superlattices, obtaining good agreement with experiment.
First integrals for elastic curves: twisting instabilities of helices
Creators: name: Solis, Didier A.
name: Vázquez-Montejo, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put forward a variational framework suitable for the study of curves whose energies depend on their bend and twist degrees of freedom. By employing the material curvatures to describe such elastic deformation modes, we derive the equilibrium equations representing the balance of forces and torques on the curve. The conservation laws of the force and torque on the curve, stemming from the Euclidean invariance of the energy, allow us to obtain first integrals of the equilibrium equations. To illustrate this framework, we apply it to determine the first integrals for isotropic and anisotropic Kirchhoff elastic rods, whose energies are quadratic in the material curvatures. We use them to analyze perturbatively the deformations of helices resulting from their twisting. We examine three kinds of twisting instabilities on unstretchable helices, characterized by their wavenumbers, depending on whether their boundaries are fixed, displaced along the radial direction or orthogonally to it. We also analyze perturbatively the effect of the bending anisotropy on the deformed states, which introduces a coupling between deformation modes with different wavenumbers.
description: 33 pages, 11 figures
Exponents of the localization length in the 2D Anderson model with off-diagonal disorder
Creators: name: Eilmes, Andrzej
name: Roemer, Rudolf A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Anderson localization in two-dimensional systems with purely off-diagonal disorder. Localization lengths are computed by the transfer-matrix method and their finite-size and scaling properties are investigated. We find various numerically challenging differences to the usual problems with diagonal disorder. In particular, the divergence of the localization lengths close to the band centre is investigated in detail for bipartite and non-bipartite lattices as well as different distributions of the off-diagonal disorder. Divergence exponents for the localization lengths are constructed that appear to describe the data well down to at least 10^-5. We find only little evidence for a crossover energy scale below which the power law has been argued to fail.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, uses PSS style files (included), submitted to phys. stat. sol. (b)
Dynamics of a viscoelastic liquid filament connected to two mobile droplets
Creators: name: Zhou, Jiajia
name: Doi, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A filament of liquid is usually unstable and breaks up into small droplets, while a filament of polymer solution is known to be quite stable against such instability, and they form a stable configuration of filament connecting two spherical droplets. If the droplets are fixed in space, the liquid flows from the filament region to the droplet region to reduce the surface energy and the filament gets thinner. If the whole liquid is placed in another viscous fluid, the droplets approach each other, and the filament can get thicker. Here we study the dynamics of such system. We derive time evolution equations for the radius and the length of the filament taking into account the fluid flux from filament to droplets and the motion of the droplets. We will show that (a) if the centers of the droplets are fixed, the filament thins following the classical prediction of Entov and Hinch, and that (b) if the droplets are mobile (subject to the Stokes drag in the viscous medium), the thinning of the filament is suppressed, and under certain conditions, the filament thickens. This theory explains the phenomena observed by Yang and Xu [Phys. Fluids 20, 043101 (2008)] in four-roller mill device.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Fluids
title: Perquisites And Pilfering In The London Docks, 1700-1795
Creators: name: D'Sena, Peter A. M.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1987

description: During the eighteenth-century the busiest part of London's port was an area on the North Bank of the Thames, from London Bridge in the west, to Limehouse, in the east. It was here that many ships and smaller vessels loaded and unloaded their cargo, and goods were often moved into nearby warehouses or stored on the quays themselves. As the volume of trade increased during this period, so too did congestion on the waterfront, providing ample opportunities for the appropriation of' many goods, especially those in transit. However, the appropriation of goods was something that could be interpreted in different ways. For example, many appropriations were viewed as criminous. First, those cases that were deemed petty were often dealt with in the City of London's Court of' Summary Jurisdiction, the famous Bridewell. Other offences, which magistrates and prosecutors preferred to see as more serious, were prosecuted by indictment and therefore came before the Court of the Old Bailey. Furthermore, Dockside Constables also had a special part to play in detecting and apprehending suspects. Their role in the chain of decision-making constituted another variable in the complex legal mechanisms. Other appropriations were not seen as criminal at all, but rather as the legitimate payment or perquisite of workers in return for a service rendered. However, employers, employees and constables sometimes disagreed (or were uncertain) about the boundaries of legitimacy and, on such occasions, an appropriation was liable to be interpreted as theft. Cases that could only be resolved in Court, particularly those which led to an Old Bailey appearance, have left some important testimonial evidence. That, therefore allows an investigation of the fine line, which divided perquisites and pilfering on the London Docks.
Debiased Galaxy Cluster Pressure Profiles from X-ray Observations and Simulations
Creators: name: He, Yizhou
name: Mansfield, Philip
name: Rau, Markus M.
name: Trac, Hy
name: Battaglia, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an updated model for the average cluster pressure profile, adjusted for hydrostatic mass bias by combining results from X-ray observations with cosmological simulations. Our model estimates this bias by fitting a power-law to the relation between the "true" halo mass and X-ray cluster mass in hydrodynamic simulations (IllustrisTNG, BAHAMAS, and MACSIS). As an example application, we consider the REXCESS X-ray cluster sample and the Universal Pressure Profile (UPP) derived from scaled and stacked pressure profiles. We find adjusted masses, $M_\mathrm{500c},$ that are $\lesssim$15% higher and scaled pressures $P/P_\mathrm{500c}$ that have $\lesssim$35% lower normalization than previously inferred. Our Debiased Pressure Profile (DPP) is well-fit by a Generalized Navarro-Frenk-White (GNFW) function, with parameters $[P_0,c_{500},α,β,γ]=[5.048,1.217,1.192,5.490,0.433]$ and does not require a mass-dependent correction term. When the DPP is used to model the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, we find that the integrated Compton $Y-M$ relation has only minor deviations from self-similar scaling. The thermal SZ angular power spectrum is lower in amplitude by approximately 30%, assuming nominal cosmological parameters (e.g. $Ω_\text{m}=0.3$, $σ_8 = 0.8$), and is broadly consistent with recent Planck results without requiring additional bias corrections.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
The Thomas Precession Factor in Spin-Orbit Interaction
Creators: name: Kroemer, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the Thomas factor 1/2 in the spin-orbit hamiltonian can be understood by considering the case of a classical electron moving in crossed electric and magnetic fields chosen such that the electric Coulomb force is balanced by the magnetic Lorentz force.
description: PDF File, 5 pages, to appear in American Journal of Physics
Extremal black hole scattering at O(G^3): graviton dominance, eikonal exponentiation, and differential equations
Creators: name: Parra-Martinez, Julio
name: Ruf, Michael S.
name: Zeng, Mao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use $\mathcal N=8$ supergravity as a toy model for understanding the dynamics of black hole binary systems via the scattering amplitudes approach. We compute the conservative part of the classical scattering angle of two extremal (half-BPS) black holes with minimal charge misalignment at $\mathcal O(G^3)$ using the eikonal approximation and effective field theory, finding agreement between both methods. We construct the massive loop integrands by Kaluza-Klein reduction of the known $D$-dimensional massless integrands. To carry out integration we formulate a novel method for calculating the post-Minkowskian expansion with exact velocity dependence, by solving velocity differential equations for the Feynman integrals subject to modified boundary conditions that isolate conservative contributions from the potential region. Motivated by a recent result for universality in massless scattering, we compare the scattering angle to the result found by Bern et. al. in Einstein gravity and find that they coincide in the high-energy limit, suggesting graviton dominance at this order.
description: 67 pages, 17 figures, v3: published version
Strongly Correlated Superconductivity and Pseudogap Phase near a multi-band Mott Insulator
Creators: name: Capone, M.
name: Fabrizio, M.
name: Castellani, C.
name: Tosatti, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near a Mott transition, strong electron correlations may enhance Cooper pairing. This is demonstrated in the Dynamical Mean Field Theory solution of a twofold-orbital degenerate Hubbard model with inverted Hund's rules on-site exchange, which favors local spin-singlet configurations. Close to the Mott insulator, which is a local version of a valence bond insulator, a pseudogap non-Fermi-liquid metal, a superconductor, and a normal metal appear, in striking similarity with the physics of the cuprates. The strongly correlated superconducting state has a larger Drude weight than the corresponding normal state. The role of the impurity Kondo problem is underscored.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Machine-learning-based reduced order modeling for unsteady flows around bluff bodies of various shapes
Creators: name: Hasegawa, Kazuto
name: Fukami, Kai
name: Murata, Takaaki
name: Fukagata, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to construct a reduced order model with machine learning for unsteady flows. The present machine-learned reduced order model (ML-ROM) is constructed by combining a convolutional neural network autoencoder (CNN-AE) and a long short-term memory (LSTM), which are trained in a sequential manner. First, the CNN-AE is trained using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data so as to map the high-dimensional flow data into low-dimensional latent space. Then, the LSTM is utilized to establish a temporal prediction system for the low-dimensionalized vectors obtained by CNN-AE. As a test case, we consider flows around a bluff body whose shape is defined using a combination of trigonometric functions with random amplitudes. The present ML-ROMs are trained on a set of 80 bluff body shapes and tested on a different set of 20 bluff body shapes not used for training, with both training and test shapes chosen from the same random distribution. The flow fields are confirmed to be well reproduced by the present ML-ROM in terms of various statistics. We also focus on the influence of two main parameters: (1) the latent vector size in the CNN-AE, and (2) the time step size between the mapped vectors used for the LSTM. The present results show that the ML-ROM works well even for unseen shapes of bluff bodies when these parameters are properly chosen, which implies great potential for the present type of ML-ROM to be applied to more complex flows
description: 18 pages, 20 figures
title: Estate management at Goodwood in the mid nineteenth century: A study in changing roles and relationships
Creators: name: Buzzing, Pauline
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1989

description: This is an investigation of management in the mid-nineteenth century, and of changing roles and relationships of key figures on the Goodwood Estate. The study examines the workings of an estate belonging to the fifth Duke of Richmond, a committed protectionist during the period when he had to cone to terms with the Repeal of the Corn Laws. It considers the Duke's paternalism as expressed in his altitude to Repeal, in the daily running of his own estate, in his dealings with agents, farmers, estate workers and the local townspeople of Chichester. Richmond's paternalism was concerned with the moral improvement of those within his sphere, and the study examines the estate's financial resources which supported that paternalism, and the management structure which the fifth Duke created. The role of agent at Goodwood was particularly significant, and displayed change at a time of development for the estate, when a management hierarchy began to develop. The balances of rural society which Richmond maintained were in potential conflict with his task of leading improved agriculture. Such improvement needed dynamic change, which was not encouraged in a highly traditional, rural context such as the west of Sussex. The study tests Errile's concept of the golden age against the evidence from estate papers, particularly in the light of the depression of 1849-1853. Efficiency in the Duke's own farming was not enough: there was a need to spread agricultural improvement among his tenant farmers. Farms, farmers and farming practice indicate that the spread of good practice was no easy task, and that progress was made by employing a variety of tactics. The estate was subject to a variety of pressures which impinged on its authority structure, and the mid-century was far from being a time of untroubled progress and unqualified prosperity.
Wenn ein großer Eisbrocken schmilzt
Creators: name: Schröder, Eveline
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2012

description: Die Förderung von Kindern und Jugendlichen nimmt in der Arbeit des Geowissenschaftlichen Vereins Neubrandenburg einen besonderen Platz ein. Vereinsmitglieder besuchen Schulen und ergänzen den Unterricht mit Vorträgen oder Seminaren, bieten Führungen und Ausflüge in die Umgebung oder unterstützen die Lehrer bei der Ausrichtung von Projekttagen, z.B. zum Thema Eiszeit und Glaziale Serie.
description: research
The past attractor in inhomogeneous cosmology
Creators: name: Uggla, Claes
name: van Elst, Henk
name: Wainwright, John
name: Ellis, George F R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general framework for analyzing spatially inhomogeneous cosmological dynamics. It employs Hubble-normalized scale-invariant variables which are defined within the orthonormal frame formalism, and leads to the formulation of Einstein's field equations with a perfect fluid matter source as an autonomous system of evolution equations and constraints. This framework incorporates spatially homogeneous dynamics in a natural way as a special case, thereby placing earlier work on spatially homogeneous cosmology in a broader context, and allows us to draw on experience gained in that field using dynamical systems methods. One of our goals is to provide a precise formulation of the approach to the spacelike initial singularity in cosmological models, described heuristically by Belinski\vı, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz. Specifically, we construct an invariant set which we conjecture forms the local past attractor for the evolution equations. We anticipate that this new formulation will provide the basis for proving rigorous theorems concerning the asymptotic behavior of spatially inhomogeneous cosmological models.
description: 31 pages, 10 *.ps figures, 3 tables, LaTeX2e (10pt), submitted for publication to Physical Review D
Accurate modeling and characterization of photothermal forces in optomechanics
Creators: name: Primo, André G.
name: Kersul, Cauê M.
name: Benevides, Rodrigo
name: Carvalho, Natália C.
name: Ménard, Michaël
name: Frateschi, Newton C.
name: de Assis, Pierre-Louis
name: Wiederhecker, Gustavo S.
name: Alegre, Thiago P. Mayer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photothermal effects have been pointed out as prominent sources of forces in optomechanical systems, competing with the standard radiation pressure interactions. In this Article, we derive a novel and accurate model for the prediction of photothermal forces and establish how some previous proposals can be complemented to yield precise results. As a proof-of-concept, we perform numerical and experimental tests on GaAs microdisks cavities and obtain striking agreement with our framework, revealing the importance of considering surface photothermal forces and the effects of multiple thermal modes in microphotonic devices.
Coupling hydrophobic, dispersion, and electrostatic contributions in continuum solvent models
Creators: name: Dzubiella, J.
name: Swanson, J. M. J.
name: McCammon, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies of the hydration of micro- and nanoscale solutes have demonstrated a strong {\it coupling} between hydrophobic, dispersion and electrostatic contributions, a fact not accounted for in current implicit solvent models. We present a theoretical formalism which accounts for coupling by minimizing the Gibbs free energy with respect to a solvent volume exclusion function. The solvent accessible surface is output of our theory. Our method is illustrated with the hydration of alkane-assembled solutes on different length scales, and captures the strong sensitivity to the particular form of the solute-solvent interactions in agreement with recent computer simulations.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
title: Adapting user interfaces for visually disabled users
Creators: name: Edwards, Alistair D. N.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1987

description: Recent developments in the design of human-machine interfaces have resulted in interfaces which make access to computer-based equipment more difficult for visually disabled people. The aim of this project was to explore whether it is possible to adapt such interfaces so as to make them usable by people who cannot see a screen. The approach adopted was based upon two principles: the replacement of visual interlace entities by auditory analogues and appropriately constraining the resultant interlace. Two forms of sound were used to embody the auditory interface: musical tones and synthetic speech. The 'auditory screen' so produced consists of a grid of 'auditory objects', each of which is associated with a spatial location, a tone, a name and an action. In order to test the principles a word processing program was designed and implemented to demonstrate how a visual program might be adapted to be accessed through such an interface. This program was evaluated with the assistance of a number of visually disabled testers. They were trained to use the word processor through completing a graded set of exercises. Data were obtained in a number of ways during and after the completion of the exercises. Since the auditory interface had some novel components, special evaluation methods were applied. The nature of the interaction was analyzed, using an approach based on work on keystroke models of visual interfaces. This yielded a simple model of the 'hand-ear' coordination employed, which forms a basis for prediction of user behaviour. It was also necessary to evaluate aspects of the program, such as ease-of-learning and these were investigated by interviewing the subjects. The results demonstrate that the approach is viable. The thesis also discusses a number of problems in using such an interface, most of which are related to the memory load on the user.
Grain size and mineralogical indicators of weathering in the Oberlaab loess-paleosol sequence, Upper Austria
Creators: name: Ottner, Franz
name: Sedov, Sergey
name: Baatar, Undrakh-Od
name: Wriessnig, Karin
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2013

description: Grain size analyses, bulk and clay mineralogical data were used to characterize weathering within the loess-paleosol-sequence of Oberlaab in Upper Austria. Soil horizons can be clearly identified by the calculation of weathering index Kd from granulometric parameters. The mineralogical composition of the bulk samples shows increasing weathering intensity from the top to the bottom. The weakest weathering stage 1 is not present in Oberlaab, because all samples are free of carbonate minerals. Weathering stage 2 can be found in the upper part of the profile, whereas stage 3 is mainly present in the lowermost horizons. The highest weathering stages 4 and 5 are not present in Oberlaab. The clay mineral distribution in the profile is dominated by the disappearance of primary chlorite in the upper part of the profile and the neoformation of vermiculites from illite by pedogenesis in the lower part. Two different types of mixed layer minerals were found in the pedocomplexes. An illite/chlorite mixed layer mineral occurs following the disappearance of chlorite and is present in the Eemian luvisol. The second mixed layer mineral consists of illite/vermiculite and is present in the whole profile. The weathering stages obtained from the clay mineral composition are slightly lower than that of bulk mineralogy, but reach as well stage 3 in the lower part of the profile.
description: research
The Catasterism
Creators: name: Keeney, Gavin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Intellectual Property
Knowledge Commons
Self-plagiarism
General Intellect

description: "The Catasterism" is an example of intentional (self-conscious) self-plagiarism; i.e., re-stating remarks and positions posted or published elsewhere, inclusive of lifting Part Two (“Next Revolution”) from the summary section of a recently completed PhD. Such is the beauty of iterative, generative, and aleatory scholarship – and such is a practice much frowned upon and/or prohibited by the publishing industry, the overlords of the art-academic industrial complex, and the self-appointed keepers (curators) of the knowledge commons.
Ein Uferprofil am Priesterbäker See: Slawenzeitlich-mittelalterliche Seespiegelschwankungen im Bereich der „Specker Seen“ (Mecklenburg)
Creators: name: Küster, Mathias
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2015

description: Eine durch einen Bodenschurf aufgeschlossene Boden-Sediment-Folge einer alten Seeterrasse im Einzugsgebiet des Priesterbäker Sees zeigt deutliche Fazieswechsel im Uferbereich des Gewässers. Die Abfolge von liegenden humosen Sanden, welche einen ehemaligen Verlandungssaum nachzeichnen, limnischen Sanden mit Bodenbildung und hangenden Flugsanden belegt Änderungen in der Sedimentation, welche mit säkularen Grundwasser- bzw. Seespiegelschwankungen zu erklären sind. Mit Hilfe von geophysikalischen Datierungen lassen sich gegenüber dem heutigen Niveau höhere Wasserstände für den Priesterbäker See bzw. die so genannten „Specker Seen“ östlich der Müritz während des 7.–9. und 12.–14. Jahrhunderts ableiten.
description: research
Bairdia songthami Chitnarin 2017, n. sp.
Creators: name: Chitnarin, Anisong
name: Crasquin, Sylvie
name: Forel, Marie-Béatrice
name: Tepnarong, Prachya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Bairdiidae
Bairdia
Bairdia songthami

description: Bairdia songthami Chitnarin, n. sp.
(Figs 3 M-P; 6)
TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: one complete carapace (SUT-09- 2283, Fig.3M); paratypes: two complete carapaces (SUT-09-2278, Fig. 3N and SUT-09-2284; Fig. 3P).
ETYMOLOGY. — In honour of Dr Wichanet Songtham, Northeastern Institute of Petrified Wood and Mineral Resources, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Thailand.
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Six complete carapaces.
DIMENSIONS. — H = 0.30-0.57 mm, L = 0.64-1.12 mm, H/L = 0.45-0.46, Holotype: H = 0.360 mm, L = 0.83 mm; Paratype (Fig. 3N): H = 0.47, L = 1.00; Paratype (Fig. 3P): H = 0.57 mm, L = 1.23 mm (Fig. 6).
TYPE HORIZON. — Sample 07LB05-2, Ta Kli section, Tak Fa Formation, Middle Permian.
TYPE LOCALITY. — Ta Kli section (15°19’05’’N, 100°22’46’’E), Nakhon Sawan Province, central Thailand.
OCCURRENCES. — Sample 07 PB03-1, Khao Kana section, Pha Nok Khao Formation, Phetchabun Province, Early Permian; sample 07 PB05-6, Ban Naen Sawan I section, Tak Fa Formation, Phetchabun Province, Middle Permian; samples 07LB05-2 and 07LB05-A2, Ta Kli section, Tak Fa Formation, Nakhon Sawan Province, Middle Permian, Central Thailand.
 DIAGNOSIS. — Species of Bairdia with flat carapace, DB nearly straight and long, AVB, VB, PVB flattened laterally and underlined by a ridge all along ventral part at RV.
DESCRIPTION
Carapace flat and subtrapezoid; dorsal outline broadly arched; DB of both valves long, straight, horizontal to slightly inclined to anterior; ADB long, angle between ADB and DB is 150°; angle between PDB and DB is 135°; AB rounded with medium radius of curvature, maximum convexity located below mid H; AVB convex; VB concave; PVB long and slightly convex; AVB, VB, PVB flattened and underlined by a fine ridge all along the ventral margin at RV; PB tapered, located at lower fourth of H; maximum of H located at mid L; surface smooth; LV larger than RV, and moderately overlaps RV all around the carapace, except at anterior and posterior ends; in dorsal view, carapace very thin.
R EMARKS
 Bairdia songthami Chitnarin, n. sp. can be compared to B. girtyi from the Early Permian of South China (Chen 1958); however, in the present Thai material, the maximum of convexity of AB and PB is located lower and DB is longer. Bairdia songthami Chitnarin, n. sp. differs from B. fontainei Chitnarin, n. sp. by its more convex AVB and PVB; here, AVB, VB and PVB are flattened latteraly and the ventral margin is underlined by a ventral ridge.
description: Published as part of Chitnarin, Anisong, Crasquin, Sylvie, Forel, Marie-Béatrice & Tepnarong, Prachya, 2017, Ostracods (Crustacea) of the Early-Middle Permian (Cisarulian-Guadalupian) from Central Thailand (Indochina Block): Part II, Orders Podocopida, Platycopida and Myodocopida, pp. 651-690 in Geodiversitas 39 (4) on page 660, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n4a1, http://zenodo.org/record/4536112
Spin-1/2 frustrated antiferromagnet on a spatially anisotopic square lattice: contribution of exact diagonalizations
Creators: name: Sindzingre, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase diagram of a spin-1/2 $J-J'-J_2$ model is investigated by means of exact diagonalizations on finite samples. This model is a generalization of the $J_1-J_2$ model on the square lattice with two different nearest-neighbor couplings $J,J'$ and may be also viewed as an array of coupled Heisenberg chains. The results suggest that the resonnating valence bond state predicted by Nersesyan and Tsvelik [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 67}, 024422 (2003)] for $J_2=0.5J' \ll J$ is realized and extends beyond the limit of small interchain coupling along a curve nearly coincident with the line where the energy per spin is maximum. This line is likely bordered on both side by a columnar dimer long range order. This columnar order could extends for $J'\to J$ which correspond to the $J_1-J_2$ model.
description: 14 pages, 21 figures, final version
High-Q^2 neutral current cross sections in e^+p deep inelastic scattering at sqrt{s}=318 GeV
Creators: name: ZEUS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross sections for e^+p neutral current deep inelastic scattering have been measured at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt{s}=318 GeV with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 63.2 pb^-1. The double-differential cross section, d^2sigma/dxdQ^2, is presented for 200 GeV^2 < Q^2 < 30000 GeV^2 and for 0.005 < x < 0.65. The single-differential cross-sections dsigma/dQ^2, dsigma/dx and dsigma/dy are presented for Q^2 > 200 GeV^2. The effect of Z-boson exchange is seen in dsigma/dx measured for Q^2 > 10000 GeV^2. The data presented here were combined with ZEUS e^+p neutral current data taken at sqrt{s}=300 GeV and the structure function F_2^{em} was extracted. All results agree well with the predictions of the Standard Model.
description: Two references corrected. To be published in Physical Review D
Reconstruction of the early Universe as a convex optimization problem
Creators: name: Brenier, Y.
name: Frisch, U.
name: Henon, M.
name: Loeper, G.
name: Matarrese, S.
name: Mohayaee, R.
name: Sobolevskii, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the deterministic past history of the Universe can be uniquely reconstructed from the knowledge of the present mass density field, the latter being inferred from the 3D distribution of luminous matter, assumed to be tracing the distribution of dark matter up to a known bias. Reconstruction ceases to be unique below those scales -- a few Mpc -- where multi-streaming becomes significant. Above 6 Mpc/h we propose and implement an effective Monge-Ampere-Kantorovich method of unique reconstruction. At such scales the Zel'dovich approximation is well satisfied and reconstruction becomes an instance of optimal mass transportation, a problem which goes back to Monge (1781). After discretization into N point masses one obtains an assignment problem that can be handled by effective algorithms with not more than cubic time complexity in N and reasonable CPU time requirements. Testing against N-body cosmological simulations gives over 60% of exactly reconstructed points. We apply several interrelated tools from optimization theory that were not used in cosmological reconstruction before, such as the Monge-Ampere equation, its relation to the mass transportation problem, the Kantorovich duality and the auction algorithm for optimal assignment. Self-contained discussion of relevant notions and techniques is provided.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures; accepted to MNRAS. Version 2: numerous minour clarifications in the text, additional material on the history of the Monge-Ampere equation, improved description of the auction algorithm, updated bibliography. Version 3: several misprints corrected
Deep learning for thermal plasma simulation: solving 1-D arc model as an example
Creators: name: Zhong, Linlin
name: Gu, Qi
name: Wu, Bingyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical modelling is an essential approach to understanding the behavior of thermal plasmas in various industrial applications. We propose a deep learning method for solving the partial differential equations in thermal plasma models. In this method a deep feed-forward neural network is constructed to surrogate the solution of the model. A loss function is designed to measure the discrepancy between the neural network and the equations describing thermal plasmas. A good neural network is obtained by minimizing this loss function. We demonstrate the power of this deep learning method by solving a 1-D arc decaying model which is consist of three cases: stationary arc, transient arc without considering radial velocity, and transient arc with radial velocity respectively. The results show that the deep neural networks have excellent ability to express the differential equations describing thermal plasmas. This could bring us a new and prospective numerical tool for thermal plasma modelling.
description: Computer Physics Communications (2020)
Afterglow constraints on the viewing angle of binary neutron star mergers and determination of the Hubble constant
Creators: name: Nakar, Ehud
name: Piran, Tsvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the key properties of any binary is its viewing angle (i.e., inclination), $θ_{\rm obs}$. In binary neutron star (BNS) mergers it is of special importance due to the role that it plays in the measurement of the Hubble constant, $H_0$. The opening angle of the jet that these mergers launch, $θ_j$, is also of special interest. Following the detection of the first BNS merger, GW170817, there were numerous attempts to estimate these angles using the afterglow light curve, finding a wide range of values. Here we provide a simple formula for the ratio $θ_{\rm obs}/θ_j$ based on the afterglow light curve and show that this is the only quantity that can be determined from the light curve alone. Namely, it is impossible to determine each of the angles separately without additional information. Our result explains the inconsistency of the values found by the various studies of GW170817 that were largely driven by the different priors taken in each study. Among the additional information that can be used to estimate $θ_{\rm obs}$ and $θ_j$, the most useful is a VLBI measurement of the afterglow image superluminal motion. An alternative is an identification of the afterglow transition to the sub-relativistic phase. These observations are possible only for mergers observed at small viewing angles, whose afterglow is significantly brighter than the detector's threshold. We discuss the implications of these results to measurements of $H_0$ using GW observations. We show that while the viewing angle will be measured only in a small fraction of future BNS mergers, it can significantly reduce the uncertainty in $H_0$ in each one of these events, possibly to a level of 4-5\%. A minority of the mergers with high precision measurements of this kind may dominate in the future the precision in which $H_0$ will be measured using this method.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
In vitro activity and formulation of a flavonoid-containing cashew pulp extract for the topical treatment of acne and the protection of skin against premature aging
Creators: name: Cefali, Letícia Caramori
name: Vazquez, Carolina
name: Janaína Artem Ataide
name: Figueiredo, Mariana Cecchetto
name: Ruiz, Ana Lucia Tasca Gois
name: Foglio, Mary Ann
name: Lancellotti, Marcelo
name: Mazzola, Priscila Gava
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: The cashew nut is an important product in Brazil, both for consumption and export, with the pulp of the cashew fruit being considered a by-product despite its high flavonoid content. In this study, the use of cashew pulp extract as a treatment for acne and in the prevention of early skin damage was investigated. Its flavonoid content was determined using spectrophotometric identification, and its effects on cell and bacterial viability, the migration of keratinocytes, and antioxidant activity in vitro were evaluated. Furthermore, it was incorporated into an emulsion for topical administration, and the physical-chemical stability parameters of the formulation were determined. The cashew pulp contained flavonoids with healing and antioxidant activity, and was not toxic to keratinocyte cells in a viability test. The flavonoid-rich formulation was stable, indicating that this is a promising formulation for use in the treatment of acne and protection of skin against premature damage.
Klima, Grundwassernutzung oder Waldbewirtschaftung? Ursachen tendenziell fallender Grundwasserstände am Beispiel Südwest-Usedoms
Creators: name: Hennig, Heiko
name: Kachholz, Frauke
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2015

description: Tendenziell fallende Grundwasserstände können vielfältige Ursachen haben, z.B. die Änderung der klimatischen Bedingungen, Modifikationen der Landnutzung oder die Entnahme von Grundwasser. Am Beispiel Südwest-Usedoms wird dargestellt, wie mögliche Einflussfaktoren analysiert und quantifiziert werden können. Für das Untersuchungsgebiet zeigte sich, dass die über Jahrzehnte gesunkenen Grundwasserstände überwiegend aus der Kahlschlagbewirtschaftung des Waldes resultieren und damit weniger einen Trend als eine überjährliche Schwankung ausweisen.
description: research
On the security of AlphaEta: Response to `Some attacks on quantum-based cryptographic protocols'
Creators: name: Yuen, Horace P.
name: Nair, Ranjith
name: Corndorf, Eric
name: Kanter, Gregory S.
name: Kumar, Prem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lo and Ko in [1] have developed some attacks on the cryptosystem called AlphaEta [2], claiming that these attacks undermine the security of AlphaEta for both direct encryption and key generation. In this paper, we show that their arguments fail in many different ways. In particular, the first attack in [1] requires channel loss or length of known-plaintext that is exponential in the key length and is unrealistic even for moderate key lengths. The second attack is a Grover search attack based on `asymptotic orthogonality' and was not analyzed quantitatively in [1]. We explain why it is not logically possible to ``pull back'' an argument valid only at n=infinity into a limit statement, let alone one valid for a finite number of transmissions n. We illustrate this by a `proof' using a similar asymptotic orthogonality argument that coherent-state BB84 is insecure for any value of loss. Even if a limit statement is true, this attack is a priori irrelevant as it requires an indefinitely large amount of known-plaintext, resources and processing. We also explain why the attacks in [1] on AlphaEta as a key-generation system are based on misinterpretations of [2]. Some misunderstandings in [1] regarding certain issues in cryptography and optical communications are also pointed out. Short of providing a security proof for AlphaEta, we provide a description of relevant results in standard cryptography and in the design of AlphaEta to put the above issues in the proper framework and to elucidate some security features of this new approach to quantum cryptography.
description: Accepted for publication in QIC; Reset in Journal format; some minor typos and language changes
Cotton and Hydropower in Central Asia: How Resource Competition Affects Trade
Creators: name: Motamed, Mesbah J.
name: Arriola, Christine
name: Hansen, James
name: MacDonald, Stephen
name: Motamed, Mesbah J.
name: Arriola, Christine
name: Hansen, James
name: MacDonald, Stephen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: water, agriculture, irrigation, energy, hydropower, cotton, trade, Central Asia

description: This paper discusses the mechanisms by which water is allocated between agriculture and energy in Central Asia and presents scenario results that simulate the impacts on production and trade.
Assessing the Healthfulness of Consumers' Grocery Purchases
Creators: name: Volpe, Richard
name: Okrent, Abigail
name: Volpe, Richard
name: Okrent, Abigail
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Food-at-home purchases
subject: healthy eating
subject: obesity and overweight
subject: Homescan data
subject: Dietary Guidelines for Americans
subject: food expenditure patterns

description: The nutritional quality of Americans' diets has increasingly become a focus of economic research due to its effects on health outcomes. Health care and other costs associated with obesity, overweight, diabetes, and other diet-related ailments continue to swell. This study focuses on consumers' grocery (food-at-home) expenditures to measure the extent to which Americans are conforming to Dietary Guidelines for Americans with the foods they purchase at the supermarket. Overall, consumers purchase too few fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and too many refined grains, fats, and sugars/sweets. The average Healthy Eating Index score for food-at-home purchases was only 56.4 for an average consumer, far below the maximum score of 100, which would indicate full adherence to the Dietary Guidelines. The healthfulness of purchases varies somewhat across geographic regions and markets, with consumers in the Northeast and West purchasing more healthful food than consumers in the Midwest or South. Differences across income levels and across race are small,with all subgroups falling well short of the recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines.
Progress and Challenges in Global Food Security
Creators: name: Tandon, Sharad
name: Landes, Maurice
name: Christensen, Cheryl
name: LeGrand, Steven
name: Broussard, Nzinga
name: Farrin, Katie
name: Thome, Karen
name: Tandon, Sharad
name: Landes, Maurice
name: Christensen, Cheryl
name: LeGrand, Steven
name: Broussard, Nzinga
name: Farrin, Katie
name: Thome, Karen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Global food security
subject: food security measurement
subject: agricultural productivity
subject: food aid
subject: agricultural trade
subject: nutrition
subject: safety nets
subject: agricultural development
subject: urbanization
subject: risk management
subject: Global Food Security Act of 2016

description: The United States leads efforts to improve global food security, providing about half of global food aid. Global food security has improved over the past 15 years, but challenges and opportunities remain. ERS researchers analyze the roles of trade, agricultural productivity, safety nets, and better data and measurement in achieving these gains.
Forget IPR (+ OA + CC)
Creators: name: Keeney, Gavin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Intellectual Property
Academia
Capitalism
Anarchism
Open Access
Creative Commons

description: An argument for the abolition of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and a step into the wild blue yonder – i.e., beyond Open Access (OA) and Creative Commons (CC) protocols. The “Introduction,” prior to “Paralogisms for Artist-scholars” utilizes an almost Pater-esque aesthetic deployment of time-senses and verb tenses that also resembles the doubled subjective states of Derridean exposition, but actually opens on to theologically inflected re-considerations of the generative nature of gramma.