Apolysis galba Yao, Yang, Evenhuis & Gharali, 2010, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Yao, Gang
name: Yang, Ding
name: Evenhuis, Neal L.
name: Gharali, Babak
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Bombyliidae
Apolysis
Apolysis galba

description: Apolysis galba sp. nov.
(Figs. 3–7; 12–21)
Diagnosis. Male thorax with brown pollen except anterior part with white pollen, female thorax with white pollen, except two black longitudinal paramedian lines and brown antehumeral patches immediately anterior to thoracic suture. Male abdomen black with brown pollen except posterior portion fourth of tergites yellow with pale pollen; female abdomen with anterior half of tergites black, posterior half yellow except tergite 1 which is entirely yellow.
Description. Male (Fig. 3). Body length 5–6 mm, wing length 4–5 mm.
Head black. Eyes holoptic; frons with short sparse black erect hairs and brown pollen; face with short sparse black erect hairs and white pollen; occiput with long dense brown hairs at tip and long dense white hairs at below. Antennae (Fig. 7) black; scape slightly longer than wide, with short sparse brown hairs; pedicel rounded, nearly as long as wide, with short sparse yellowish hairs; first flagellomere subclavate, nearly four times longer than wide, with short sparse brown hairs, distinctly broadening from base to tip, first flagellomere concave at tip, and with an articulated spine-like second flagellomere in addition to a stylus at middle of concavity. Proboscis black, bare, more than four times longer than head; palpus black, with short yellowish hairs.
Thorax (Fig. 4) black with brown pollen except middle-anteriorly half with white pollen. Thorax with sparse yellowish hairs laterally; thorax almost bare on disc, except posterior part with sparse yellowish hairs, anepisternum and katepisternum with white pollen and anepisternum with dense yellowish hairs. Scutellum black, almost bare. Legs black. Hairs on legs white and brown, bristles lacking. Femora with long sparse white hairs; tibiae and tarsi with short dense brown hairs. Wing mostly hyaline with metallic reflections. Crossvein r-m close to base of cell dm, cell r5 open. Base of vein C with brush-like yellowish hairs. Halteres with stem brown, knobs yellowish.
Abdomen black with brown pollen except posterior fifth of tergites yellow with pale pollen. Abdomen with sparse yellowish hairs. Sternites black with pale pollen, except posterior portion fifth of sternites yellow with pale pollen.
Male genitalia (Figs.12–17). Epandrium subquadrate, distinctly longer than high, cercus well exposed in lateral view; epandrium semicircular in dorsal view; gonocoxite distinctly narrowing apically, not ventrally fused; gonostylus subquadrate with a rather acute tip in ventral view; gonostylus subtriangular, its tip acute in lateral view; epiphallus semicircular, almost round at tip in dorsal view, epiphallus with a quadrate tip, distiphallus with a rather long and acute tip in lateral view.
Female (Fig. 5). Body length 5–6 mm, wing length 4–5 mm. Similar to male, but eyes dichoptic; frons with short sparse yellow erect hairs; face with long sparse erect white hairs; thoracic dorsum (Fig. 6) with white pollen, except two black longitudinal paramedian lines running from anterior slope of mesonotum for 4/ 5ths of its length and brown antehumeral patches immediately anterior to thoracic suture and spreading to just posterior to it. Tergites of abdomen with anterior half black and posterior half yellow except tergite 1 which is entirely yellow.
Female genitalia (Figs. 18–21). Tergite 8 L-shaped, and with cercus well exposed, sternite 8 triangular in lateral view; spermathecae peanut-shaped; tergite 8 roundish, tergite 9+10 U-shaped in ventral view; eggs (Figs. 19–20) oval, with an operculum (three of four lost opercula).
FIGURES 18–21. Apolysis galba sp. nov. female genitalia. 18. female genitalia, lateral view; 19. female genitalia, ventral view; 20. the photo of eggs; 21. eggs.
Type material. Holotype male, CHINA: Ningxia, Longde, Fengtai (N 35° 38’ 51’’ E 106° 10’ 37’’), 27. VI. 2008, Gang Yao. Paratypes 1 male, CHINA: Ningxia, Longde, Fengtai (N 35° 38’ 51’’ E 106° 10’ 37’’), 27. VI. 2008, Gang Yao; 1 male, CHINA: Ningxia, Longde, Fengtai (N 35° 38’ 51’’ E 106° 10’ 37’’), 27. VI. 2008, Tingting Zhang; 2 males, CHINA: Ningxia, Jingyuan, Dongshanpo (N 35° 36’ 44’’ E 106° 16’ 25’’), 21. VI. 2008, Gang Yao; 1 male, CHINA: Ningxia, Jingyuan, Dongshanpo (N 35° 36’ 44’’ E 106° 16’ 25’’), 22. VI. 2008, Gang Yao; 1 male, CHINA: Ningxia, Longde, Sutai (N 35° 26’ 49’’ E 106° 12’ 31’’), 23. VI. 2008, Tingting Zhang; 2 females, CHINA: Ningxia, Jingyuan, Dongshanpo (N 35° 36’ 44’’ E 106° 16’ 25’’), 21. VI. 2008, Gang Yao; 1 female, CHINA: Ningxia, Jingyuan, Dongshanpo (N 35° 36’ 44’’ E 106° 16’ 25’’), 21. VI. 2008, Tingting Zhang; 2 females, CHINA: Ningxia, Jingyuan, Dongshanpo (N 35° 36’ 44’’ E 106° 16’ 25’’), 22. VI. 2008, Gang Yao; 1 female, CHINA: Ningxia, Longde, Fengtai (N 35° 38’ 51’’ E 106° 10’ 37’’), 27. VI. 2008, Gang Yao; 1 female, CHINA: Ningxia, Longde, Fengtai (N 35° 38’ 51’’ E 106° 10’ 37’’), 27. VI. 2008, Tingting Zhang; 1 female, CHINA: Ningxia, Jingyuan, Hongxia (N 35° 29’ 17’’ E 106° 20’ 39’’), 1. VII. 2008, Tingting Zhang.
Distribution. China (Ningxia).
Etymology. The species epithet derives from the Latin “ galba ” [= yellow]; referring to the yellow color of the posterior margin of the tergites.
Remarks. The new species is similar to A. gobiensis Zaitzev, A. beijingensis (Yang &Yang) and A. glabrifrons Gharali & Evenhuis, but it can be separated from the others by the following points: The 1st flagellomere is three times longer than wide; the stem of the haltere is brown, the knob is yellowish; the epiphallus has a quadrate tip in lateral view, the distiphallus is narrow and does not reach the tip of the epiphallus in lateral view. In A. gobiensis, the haltere is white; the epiphallus has a semicircular tip in lateral view, the distiphallus is wide and over the tip of the epiphallus in lateral view (Zaitzev, 1975). In A. beijingensis, the 1st flagellomere is four times longer than wide; the knob of the haltere is milk-white; the anterior half of the thorax is covered with the white pollen except the postpronotal lobe is covered with the brown pollen and the posterior half is covered with the brown pollen; the epandrium is distinctly longer than high in the lateral view (Yang & Yang, 1994). In A. glabrifrons, the 1st flagellomere is twice longer than wide; the knob of the haltere is brown; the thorax has the dense gray pollen anteriorly; the epandrium is as long as high in the lateral view (Gharali & Evenhuis, in press).
description: Published as part of Yao, Gang, Yang, Ding, Evenhuis, Neal L. & Gharali, Babak, 2010, A new species of Apolysis Loew, 1860 from China (Diptera: Bombyliidae, Usiinae, Apolysini), pp. 20-26 in Zootaxa 2441 on pages 22-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.194967