cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Next to leading order determination of pion fragmentation functions
Creators: name: Chiappetta, P.
name: Greco, M.
name: Guillet, J. Ph.
name: Rolli, S.
name: Werlen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a complete next to leading order evaluation of inclusive neutral pion production from hadronic colliders which is based on the knowledge of the pion fragmentation functions at next to leading order. This problem has been tackled for the first time using different approaches. Predictions at LHC are given with the estimate of the theoretical uncertainty.
description: 22 pages, latex, 31 Postscript figures in uuencoded file or available upon request, CPT-92/PE.2841;ENSLAP-A-416/93;FTN/T-92/46;IPNL 93-1
Inter-Area Communication in the Brain: a Population-Level Approach
Creators: name: Semedo, João D.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: All brain functions, from seeing and moving to thinking, rely on the interaction of multiple, functionally distinct brain areas. We know, however, very little about how different areas interact at the level of networks of neurons, or what mechanisms are used to control the routing of information through the brain. Only very recently has technology evolved to the point where we can simultaneously monitor multiple neurons in various brain areas. While such experiments enable a host of new and exciting questions about inter-area interaction, they also pose significant analysis and interpretation challenges. Here, we approach the problem of studying population-level interactions across brain areas using dimensionality reduction methods. In short, dimensionality reductions methods extract a small set of latent variables that summarize a given aspect of the data. Traditionally, these methods have been used to extract low-dimensional summaries of the population activity structure within a brain area. We propose to instead extract a set of latent variables that summarize the interaction between brain areas, i.e., instead of capturing the dominant features of the activity within an area, they capture the features that are relevant to its downstream targets. We used this approach to characterize both the population-level structure and the dynamics of the interactions between populations of neurons in two cortical areas, visual areas V1 and V2. We found that V1-V2 interactions occur through a communication subspace: V2 fluctuations are related to a small subset of V1 population activity patterns, distinct from the largest fluctuations shared among neurons within V1. We propose that the communication subspace may be a general, population-level mechanism by which activity can be selectively routed across brain areas. Furthermore, we found these interactions to be dynamic and flexible, changing rapidly under different stimulus contexts. This work thus provides a foundation for studying how multiple populations of neurons interact and how this interaction supports brain function.
The Robustness of n_s < 0.95 in Racetrack Inflation
Creators: name: Brax, Ph.
name: Davis, Stephen C.
name: Postma, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spectral index n_s < 0.95 appears to be a generic prediction of racetrack inflation models. Reducing a general racetrack model to a single-field inflation model with a simple potential, we obtain an analytic expression for the spectral index, which explains this result. By considering the limits of validity of the derivation, possible ways to achieve higher values of the spectral index are described, although these require further fine-tuning of the potential.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Drought resistance does not explain epiphytic abundance of accidental epiphytes
Creators: name: Hoeber, Vincent
name: Klinghardt, Moritz
name: Zotz, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Accidental epiphytism is common among vascular plants in forest ecosystems around the globe. A frequent observation in surveys of accidental epiphytes is the occurrence of few species with high epiphytic abundance, while most co-occurring terrestrial species are rarely found as epiphytes. Based on the general assumption that water is the major limiting factor for epiphytic plants, we hypothesised that differences in drought resistance of accidental epiphytes explain the difference in epiphytic abundances. We exposed 16 species with different epiphytic abundance in central Europe to experimentally induced drought during germination and growth of juvenile plants. Drought resistance differed substantially among species but did not correlate with their epiphytic abundance, neither during germination nor during juvenile growth. In central Europe, accidental epiphytes are usually found on moss cushions or in accumulated arboreal soil on their host tree. In such water-storing substrates, water availability might be less limiting than it is for obligate epiphytes that typically grow on bare bark, which would explain the lack of a correlation between drought resistance and epiphytic abundance of the studied species. Hence, other factors must explain the consistent differences in epiphytic abundance, e.g. dispersal traits and mass effect.
Analysing the performance of open access papers discovery tools
Creators: name: Knoth, Petr
name: Cancellieri, Matteo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Open access discovery

description: Open Access discovery tools aim to locate freely available copies of research papers which might be behind the paywall on a publisher's website. Our study, which was funded by Jisc, provides the first large scale quantitative performance comparison of four OA Discovery tools: Unpaywall, OA Button, CORE OA Discovery and Kopernio on a randomly selected sample of 100k DOIs from CrossRef.
Semi-classical Approach to Charged Dilatonic Black Hole in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Nojiri, Shin'ichi
name: Oda, Ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider exactly solvable semi-classical theory of two dimensional dilatonic gravity with electromagnetic interactions. As was done in the paper by Russo, Susskind and Thorlacius, the term which changes the kinetic term is added to the action. The theory contains massless fermions as matter fields and there appear the quantum corrections including chiral anomaly. The screening effect due to the chiral anomaly has a tendency to cloak the singularity. In a region of the parameter space, the essential behavior of the theory is similar to that of Callan, Giddings, Harvey and Strominger's dilatonic black hole theory modified in the paper by Russo, Susskind and Thorlacius and the singularity formed by the collapsing matter emerges naked. We find, however, another region of the parameter space where the singularity disappears in a finite proper time. Furthermore, in the region of the parameter space, there appears a discontinuity in the metric on the trajectory of the collapsing matter, which would be a signal of topology change
description: 21pp, NDA-FP-5/92, OCHA-PP-27
Interactive Learning for Sequential Decisions and Predictions
Creators: name: Stephane  Ross
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sequential prediction problems arise commonly in many areas of robotics and information processing: e.g., predicting a sequence of actions over time to achieve a goal in a control task, interpreting an image through a sequence of local image patch classifications, or translating speech to text through an iterative decoding procedure. Learning predictors that can reliably perform such sequential tasks is challenging. Specifically, as predictions influence future inputs in the sequence, the datageneration process and executed predictor are inextricably intertwined. This can often lead to a significant mismatch between the distribution of examples observed during training (induced by the predictor used to generate training instances) and test executions (induced by the learned predictor). As a result, naively applying standard supervised learning methods - that assume independently and identically distributed training and test examples - often leads to poor test performance and compounding errors: inaccurate predictions lead to untrained situations where more errors are inevitable. This thesis proposes general iterative learning procedures that leverage interactions between the learner and teacher to provably learn good predictors for sequential prediction tasks. Through repeated interactions, our approaches can efficiently learn predictors that are robust to their own errors and predict accurately during test executions. Our main approach uses existing no-regret online learning methods to provide strong generalization guarantees on test performance. We demonstrate how to apply our main approach in various sequential prediction settings: imitation learning, model-free reinforcement learning, system identification, structured prediction and submodular list predictions. Its efficiency and wide applicability are exhibited over a large variety of challenging learning tasks, ranging from learning video game playing agents from human players and accurate dynamic models of a simulated helicopter for controller synthesis, to learning predictors for scene understanding in computer vision, news recommendation and document summarization. We also demonstrate the applicability of our technique on a real robot, using pilot demonstrations to train an autonomous quadrotor to avoid trees seen through its onboard camera (monocular vision) when flying at low-altitude in natural forest environments. Our results throughout show that unlike typical supervised learning tasks where examples of good behavior are sufficient to learn good predictors, interaction is a fundamental part of learning in sequential tasks. We show formally that some level of interaction is necessary, as without interaction, no learning algorithm can guarantee good performance in general.
Empty Spaces
Creators: name: Abel, Jordan
Publisher: name: Canadian Literature
Year: 2017

description: This pieces are an excerpt from an ongoing (and largely unfinished) project of mine that is tentatively titled Timeless American Classic. The pieces in this project are all derivations, reinterpretations, and creative distant readings of James Fenimore Cooper’s novel The Last of the Mohicans. This project was in part inspired by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz’s argument (in An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States) that Cooper’s novel plays a role in reinventing the colonial origins of the United States, and in creating a narrative that was “instrumental in nullifying guilt related to genocide.” Ultimately, this project seeks to disrupt the colonial logic in the novel by displacing (and reorienting) the text itself in order expose the problematic representation of Indigenous peoples. This particular piece responds to (and perhaps reflects) the deeply troubling fascination the novel has with the concept of terra nullius and empty, uninhabited land. As such, Empty Spaces is an impurely conceptual section of this project that draws heavily from Cooper’s descriptions of blank land, but that also includes many of my own translations and reinterpretations.
description: Canadian Literature, No 230-1 (2016): Indigenous Literature and the Arts of Community
Global analysis of ecological niche conservation and niche shift in exotic populations of monkeyflowers (Mimulus guttatus, M. luteus) and their hybrid (M. × robertsii)
Creators: name: Da Re, Daniele
name: Olivares, Angel P.
name: Smith, William
name: Vallejo-Marín, Mario
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: Hybridisation associated with biological invasions may generate new phenotypic combinations, allowing hybrids to occupy new ecological niches. To date, few studies have assessed niche shifts associated with hybridisation in recently introduced populations while simultaneously characterising the niche of parental species in both native and introduced ranges. Here, we compared (1) the ecological niche of a novel hybrid monkeyflower, M. × robertsii, with the niches of its two parental taxa (M. guttatus, M. luteus), and (2) the ecological niches of native (Americas) and introduced parental populations (Europe and New Zealand). We assembled >13,000 geo-referenced occurrence records and eight environmental variables and conducted an ecological niche model analysis using maximum entropy, principal component and niche dynamics analysis. We found no evidence of niche shift in the hybrid, which may result in potential competition between parental and derived taxa in the introduced range. M. guttatus showed niche conservatism in introduced populations in Europe, but a niche shift in New Zealand, while M. luteus showed a niche shift in Europe. The comparison of native and non-native populations of parental taxa, suggests that whether invasions result in niche shifts or not depends on both taxon and geographic region, highlighting the idiosyncratic nature of biological invasions.
Effect of Landau Level Mixing on Braiding Statistics
Creators: name: Simon, Steven H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the effect of Landau level mixing on the braiding statistics of quasiparticles of abelian and nonabelian quantum Hall states. While path dependent geometric phases can perturb the abelian part of the statistics, we find that the nonabelian properties remain unchanged to an accuracy that is exponentially small in the distance between quasiparticles.
description: 4 pages
Interactions of Uncertainty and Optimization: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications to Chemical Site Operations
Creators: name: Satyajith  Amaran
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: This thesis explores different paradigms for incorporating uncertainty with optimization frameworks for applications in chemical engineering and site-wide operations. First, we address the simulation optimization problem, which deals with the search for optimal input parameters to black-box stochastic simulations which are potentially expensive to evaluate. We include a comprehensive literature survey of the state-of-the-art in the area, propose a new provably convergent trust region-based algorithm, and discuss implementation details along with extensive computational experience, including examples for chemical engineering applications. Next, we look at the problem of long-term site-wide maintenance turnaround planning. Turnarounds involve the disruption of production for significant periods of time, and may incur enormous costs in terms of maintenance manpower as well as lost sales. The problem involves (1) the simulation of profit deterioration due to wear and tear followed by the determination of how frequently a particular turnaround should take place; and (2) the consideration of site network structure and turnaround frequencies to determine how turnarounds of different plants may be coordinated over a long-term horizon. We investigate two mixed-integer models, the first of which determines optimal frequencies of individual plant turnarounds, while the second considers maximizing long-term profit through coordination of turnarounds across the site. We then turn to more conventional methods of dealing with optimization under uncertainty, and make use of a combined robust optimization and stochastic programming approach to medium-term maintenance planning in integrated chemical sites. The nature of the uncertainty considered affects two aspects of maintenance planning, one of which is most suitably addressed through a robust optimization framework, while the other is better handled with stochastic programming models. In summary, we highlight the importance of considering uncertainty in optimization as well as the choice of approach or paradigm used through chemical engineering applications that span varied domains and time scales.
Calculation of processes involving many particles at the kinematical threshold
Creators: name: Smith, Brian Hendee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A diagrammatic technique is derived for calculating processes involving the production of large numbers of particles. As an example, the amplitude of three particles scattering into $n$ particles at the kinematical threshold in $λϕ^4$ theory is calculated. From the $3 \to n$ amplitude, it is seen that the one-loop amplitude for $2 \to n$ processes is suppressed by a factor of $1/n$.
description: 9 pages + 2 figures, TPI-MINN-93/01-T
Second harmonic generation control in twisted bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Paradisanos, Ioannis
name: Raven, Andres Manuel Saiz
name: Amand, Thierry
name: Robert, Cedric
name: Renucci, Pierre
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Gerber, Iann C.
name: Marie, Xavier
name: Urbaszek, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The twist angle in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterobilayers is a compelling degree of freedom that determines electron correlations and the period of lateral confinement of moiré excitons. Here we perform polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy of MoS2/WSe2 heterostructures. We demonstrate that by choosing suitable laser energies the twist angle between two monolayers can be measured directly on the assembled heterostructure. We show that the amplitude and polarization of the SHG signal from the heterostructure are determined by the twist angle between the layers and exciton resonances at the SH energy. For heterostructures with close to zero twist angle, we observe changes of exciton resonance energies and the appearance of new resonances in the linear and non-linear susceptibilities.
description: main text and supplement
Integration of Scheduling and Dynamic Optimization: Computational Strategies and Industrial Applications
Creators: name: Yisu  Nie
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: This thesis study focuses on the development of model-based optimization strategies for the integration of process scheduling and dynamic optimization, and applications of the integrated approaches to industrial polymerization processes. The integrated decision making approaches seek to explore the synergy between production schedule design and process unit control to improve process performance. The integration problem has received much attention from both the academia and industry since the past decade. For scheduling, we adopt two formulation approaches based on the state equipment network and resource task network, respectively. For dynamic optimization, we rely on the simultaneous collocation strategy to discretize the differential-algebraic equations. Two integrated formulations are proposed that result in mixed discrete/dynamic models, and solution methods based on decomposition approaches are addressed. A class of ring-opening polymerization processes are used for our industrial case studies. We develop rigorous dynamic reactor models for both semi-batch homopolymerization and copolymerization operations. The reactor models are based on first-principles such as mass and heat balances, reaction kinetics and vapor-liquid equilibria. We derive reactor models with both the population balance method and method of moments. The obtained reactor models are validated using historical plant data. Polymerization recipes are optimized with dynamic optimization algorithms to reduce polymerization times by modifying operating conditions such as the reactor temperature and monomer feed rates over time. Next, we study scheduling methods that involve multiple process units and products. The resource task network scheduling model is reformulated to the state space form that offers a good platform for incorporating dynamic models. Lastly for the integration study, we investigate a process with two parallel polymerization reactors and downstream storage and purification units. The dynamic behaviors of the two reactors are coupled through shared cooling resources. We formulate the integration problem by combining the state space resource task network model with the moment reactor model. The case study results indicate promising improvements of process performances by applying dynamic optimization and scheduling optimization separately, and more importantly, the integration of the two.
BRST cohomology ring in 2D gravity coupled to minimal models
Creators: name: Kanno, H.
name: Sarmadi, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ring structure of Lian-Zuckerman states for $(q,p)$ minimal models coupled to gravity is shown to be ${\cal R}={\cal R}_0\otimes {\bf C} [w,w^{-1}]$ where ${\cal R}_0$ is the ring of ghost number zero operators generated by two elements and $w$ is an operator of ghost number $-1$. Some examples are discussed in detail. For these models the currents are also discussed and their algebra is shown to contain the Virasoro algebra.
description: 19 pages IC/92/150
Shrub effects on germinable soil seed bank in overgrazed rangelands
Creators: name: Erfanzadeh, Reza
name: Palaye, Ali A. Shayesteh
name: Ghelichnia, Hassan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Little information is available about the effects of different species of shrubs on the composition of the soil seed bank (SSB) and how the SSB could contribute to restoration of degraded grasslands. We determined the role of three dominant shrubs on SSB characteristics and evaluated their potential for their possible use in rangeland restoration projects. Ten sites, each containing three shrub species (Onobrychis cornuta, Berberis integerrima and Juniperus sabina) and a herbaceous patch (control) in close proximity, were sampled and their SSB density, richness and diversity were determined. Density of the SSB at 0–5 cm depth was lowest under J. sabina and highest under herbaceous vegetation, but did not differ between B. integerrima and O. cornuta. SSB density at 5–10 cm depth was significantly greater under B. integerrima than under the other shrubs or herbaceous patch. Species richness of the SSB was significantly greater under B. integerrima at 5–10 cm depth than under the other shrubs. This study revealed that the extent to which vegetation affected SSB characteristics did not only depend on the presence of shrubs, but also on the species of shrub. We recommend B. integerrima as a priority species in restoration projects due to its significant positive influences on SSB.
Indigenous Literatures and the Arts of Community: Editors’ Afterword
Creators: name: McKegney, Sam
name: Henzi, Sarah
Publisher: name: Canadian Literature
Year: 2017

description: Indigenous literatures not only emerge from, depict, and address particular communities; they grapple with the meaning of community itself, while expanding our understandings of how communities might be imagined, lived, and sustained in pursuit of decolonial futures. Indigenous literatures don’t just represent communities; they call communities into being. This special issue considers what Kristina Fagan Bidwell calls “the messy multiplicity of communities” as they manifest in Indigenous literature and its study.
description: Canadian Literature, No 230-1 (2016): Indigenous Literature and the Arts of Community
Integrating Variable Renewables into the Electric Grid: An Evaluation of Challenges and Potential Solutions
Creators: name: Lueken, Colleen Angela
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Renewable energy poses a challenge to electricity grid operators due to its variability and intermittency. In this thesis I quantify the cost of variability of different renewable energy technologies and then explore the use of reconfigurable distribution grids and pumped hydro electricity storage to integrate renewable energy into the electricity grid. Cost of Variability I calculate the cost of variability of solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, and wind by summing the costs of ancillary services and the energy required to compensate for variability and intermittency. I also calculate the cost of variability per unit of displaced CO2 emissions. The costs of variability are dependent on technology type. Variability cost for solar PV is $8-11/MWh, for solar thermal it is $5/MWh, and for wind it is around $4/MWh. Variability adds ~$15/tonne CO2 to the cost of abatement for solar thermal power, $25 for wind, and $33-$40 for PV. Distribution Grid Reconfiguration A reconfigurable network can change its topology by opening and closing switches on power lines. I show that reconfiguration allows a grid operator to reduce operational losses as well as accept more intermittent renewable generation than a static configuration can. Net present value analysis of automated switch technology shows that the return on investment is negative for this test network when considering loss reduction, but that the return is positive under certain conditions when reconfiguration is used to minimize curtailment of a renewable energy resource. Pumped Hydro Storage in Portugal Portugal is planning to build five new pumped hydro storage facilities to balance its growing wind capacity. I calculate the arbitrage potential of the storage capacity from the perspective of an independent storage owner, a thermal fleet owner, and a consumer-oriented storage owner. This research quantifies the effect storage ownership has on CO2 emissions, consumer electricity expenditure, and thermal generator profits. I find that in the Portuguese electricity market, an independent storage owner could not recoup its investment in storage using arbitrage only, but a thermal fleet owner or consumer-oriented owner may get a positive return on investment
Hyperstretching in elongational flow of densely grafted comb and branch-on-branch model polystyrenes
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Valerian
name: Faust, Lorenz
name: Abbasi, Mahdi
name: Huang, Qian
name: Wilhelm, Manfred
name: Wagner, Manfred H.
Publisher: name: Society of Rheology
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
subject: strain measurement
subject: polymers
subject: complex analysis
subject: fluid flows
subject: rheology and fluid dynamics
subject: rheological properties
subject: molecular stress function
subject: viscoelasticity
subject: viscosity
subject: macromolecules

description: Strain hardening of long-chain branched polymers in elongational flow occurs due to the stretch of the backbone chain between branch points. With an increasing number of side arms, the length of the backbone chain segment between two branch points of a comb decreases. Of particular interest is the case when the number Nb of arms per entanglement length of the polymer is larger than one. This leads not only to larger strain hardening but also to hyperstretching, i.e., the elongational stress growth shows an enhanced increase with strain. We consider elongational data reported by Abbasi et al. [Macromolecules 50(15), 5964–5977 (2017)] and Faust et al. [Macromol. Chem. Phys. 224(1), 2200214 (2023)] on a series of comb and branch-on-branch polystyrene (PS) melts with the average number Nb of branches per entanglement segment of the backbone ranging from Nb = 0.2 to Nb = 9.5. In addition, we present measurements of the elongational viscosity of two PS combs with Nb = 4.7 as well as of blends consisting of 5 to 50 wt. % of a PS comb and a monodisperse linear PS. Analysis by the hierarchical multimode molecular stress function model shows that while backbone chains of loosely grafted combs with Nb < 1 are stretched affinely in elongational flow, backbone chains of more densely grafted combs with Nb > 1 show increasing hyperstretching with increasing Nb. The elongational data of the comb/linear blends confirm that hyperstretching is an intrinsic property of the comb macromolecule with Nb > 1, independent of its concentration in the blend. While this is of considerable interest from a modeling point of view, hyperstretching causing an enhanced increase of the elongational stress growth can also have a significant impact on the processability of polymers, and quantification of this effect is, therefore, important.
Chiral Dynamics and Fermion Mass Generation in Three Dimensional Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Sodano, M. C. Diamantini G. W. Semenoff P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the possibility of fermion mass generation in 2+1- dimensional gauge theory from the current algebra point of view.In our approach the critical behavior is governed by the fluctuations of pions which are the Goldstone bosons for chiral symmetry breaking. Our analysis supports the existence of an upper critical number of Fermion flavors and exhibits the explicit form of the gap equation as well as the form of the critical exponent for the inverse correlation lenght of the order parameter
description: Latex,10 pages,DFUPG 70/92
Protocol for Literature Review on Handling Missingness and Non-Convergence in Simulation Studies
Creators: name: Siepe, Björn S.
name: Pawel, Samuel
name: Lohmann, Anna
name: Bartoš, František
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistics and Probability
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Convergence
subject: Missing data
subject: Simulation studies

description: Our overall goal is to assess how the issue of missingness in Monte Carlo simulation studies is reported and handled in methodological research. By missingness, we mean that no valid output (e.g., parameter estimate, prediction, p-value) required for estimation of performance is produced in a repetition of the simulation study. For example, this could happen when a method fails to converge due to numerical reasons. In the present protocol, we use missingness as an umbrella term for non-convergence, improper solutions, ill-defined data sets, etc. To achieve this aim, we will conduct a systematic literature review of research articles published in a selection of methodological journals across multiple disciplines. Building on the literature review, we will then showcase the influence of missingness and errors on the result of Monte Carlo simulation studies using case studies and examples identified in the review, develop a classification of missingness in simulation studies, and then provide recommendations for error and missingness handling for methodological researchers.
Modified spontaneous symmetry breaking pattern by brane-bulk interaction terms
Creators: name: Coradeschi, Francesco
name: De Curtis, Stefania
name: Dominici, Daniele
name: Pelaez, José R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how translational invariance can be broken by the vacuum that drives the spontaneous symmetry breaking of extra-dimensional extensions of the Standard Model, when delta-like interactions between brane and bulk scalar fields are present. We explicitly build some examples of vacuum configurations, which induce the spontaneous symmetry breaking, and have non trivial profile in the extra coordinate.
description: 13 pages, two figures
Integrating Relaxations for Combinatorial Optimization
Creators: name: Slusky, Marla
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this thesis we explore two methods of computing lower bounds. We first discuss the Lagrangian Relaxation as it applies to the Golomb ruler problem, and then we explore adding multi-valued decision diagrams to an additive bounding scheme. The Golomb Ruler Problem asks to position n integer marks on a ruler such that all pairwise distances between the marks are distinct and the ruler has minimum total length. It is a notoriously challenging combinatorial problem, and provably optimal rulers are only known for n up to 27. Lower bounds can be obtained using linear programming (LP) formulations, but these are computationally expensive for large n. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, we propose a new method for finding lower bounds based on a Lagrangian relaxation. We apply a subgradient optimization scheme to find good bounds quickly, and we show experimentally that our method can find bounds that are very close to the optimal LP bound in a fraction of the time that is needed to compute the LP bound. We furthermore embed our Lagrangian bounds into a constraint programming search procedure, and show that these can help reduce the constraint programming search tree considerably. Additive bounding is a method of taking several algorithms for computing lower bounds, each of which typically exploits a different substructure of the problem, and combining them to produce a single lower bound which is larger than the lower bound that any of the individual algorithms can produce alone. Approximate multi-valued decision diagrams (MDDs) have recently been used to compute upper and lower bounds on several optimization problems. In Chapter 3 of this thesis, we show how we can integrate MDDs into an addivite bounding scheme.
Dilatonic Black Holes, Naked Singularities and Strings
Creators: name: Cox, P. H.
name: Harms, B.
name: Leblanc, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend a previous calculation which treated Schwarschild black hole horizons as quantum mechanical objects to the case of a charged, dilaton black hole. We show that for a unique value of the dilaton parameter `a', which is determined by the condition of unitarity of the S matrix, black holes transform at the extremal limit into strings.
description: 8 pages, REVTEX
A Comprehensive Index for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Ventilation-Related Infection Prevention Measures with Energy Considerations: Development and Application Perspectives
Creators: name: Makris, Ruben
name: Kopic, Claudia
name: Schumann, Lukas
name: Kriegel, Martin
Publisher: name: Hindawi Limited
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::690 Hausbau, Bauhandwerk::690 Hausbau, Bauhandwerk
subject: infection prevention
subject: energy considerations
subject: ventilation
subject: indoor air quality
subject: airborne pathogen transmission

description: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, prioritizing indoor air quality has emerged as a crucial measure for preventing infections. Effective ventilation is vital in mitigating airborne pathogen transmission and maintaining a healthy indoor environment by diluting and removing infectious particles from enclosed spaces. However, increasing the supply of pathogen-free air to enhance infection control can lead to a rise in energy consumption. Nevertheless, evaluating the overall efficacy of ventilation-based infection prevention strategies while considering their energy requirements has posed challenges. This scientific paper introduces the ICEE (Infection Control’s Energy Efficiency) index, a newly developed simple integrated index to assess the effectiveness of ventilation strategies in reducing infection risks while accounting for associated energy demands. The paper reviews the current understanding of ventilation strategies, their impact on infection prevention, and their corresponding energy consumption. By employing a straightforward analytical approach, this metric offers a comprehensive framework to optimize ventilation systems for both infection prevention and energy efficiency. To quantify infection risk, a simplified equation model is utilized, incorporating factors such as ventilation effectiveness and filter efficiency, in case of recirculation. Energy demand is determined using approximations and relevant values from existing literature. Reference cases are defined, distinguishing between natural and mechanically ventilated scenarios, as these reference situations influence the energy-related effects of any implemented measures. The paper outlines the methodology employed to develop the index and illustrates its applicability through exemplary measures. The proposed index yields valuable insights for the design, operation, and retrofitting of ventilation systems, enabling informed decision-making towards fostering a healthier and more sustainable built environment.
Protected from fire, but not from harm: seedling emergence of savanna grasses is constrained by burial depth
Creators: name: Fontenele, Hudson G. V.
name: Figueirôa, Rebeca N. A.
name: Pereira, Claudiana M.
name: Nascimento, Vinícius T. do
name: Musso, Carolina
name: Miranda, Heloisa S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology

description: The Cerrado is a fire-prone Neotropical savanna and grass seeds are the main component of the soil seed bank. Although grass seeds are presumed to tolerate heat pulses during fires, the assumption that these seeds will be recruited may be an overestimation, since it does not account for factors that limit seedling emergence from the soil. We tested if burial depth constrained the seedling emergence of nine common Neotropical savanna grasses. Seeds were sown at the surface or at 5, 10, 20 and 30 mm in trays filled with cerrado soil. Emergence was assessed daily for 30 days and any remaining non-germinated seeds were tested for viability. Seedling emergence decreased with depth, and was positively related to the seed mass. Seven species showed a significant reduction in emergence when sown at 10 mm and only two species emerged from 30 mm. Most non-germinated seeds lost viability after 30 days. Burial depth constrained the seedling emergence of Neotropical savanna grasses. Although seeds in the soil are protected during Cerrado fires, they may not generate new individuals, as seedling emergence is limited once a depth of 10 mm is reached and the seeds lose viability within 30 days in humid soil.
Intraspecific variation in seedling drought tolerance and associated traits in a critically endangered, endemic Hawaiian shrub
Creators: name: Westerband, Andrea C.
name: Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia
name: Weisenberger, Lauren A.
name: Barton, Kasey E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Background: Climates are changing at a rate that exceeds the adaptive capacity of species, especially endangered species. Genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity are important for population persistence, yet few studies have linked traits to seedling performance under drought in endangered species. Aims: We assessed intraspecific variation and trait plasticity under drought, to understand how an endangered species would cope with increasingly severe droughts. Methods: Using greenhouse experiments, we assessed drought tolerance of a critically endangered Hawaiian shrub, Schiedea obovata. Seedlings from five maternal families (three selfed and two interpopulation crosses) were subjected to daily watering or a simulated drought, and we measured growth, traits linked to drought tolerance, and days until death under terminal drought. Results: Drought reduced growth but not days until death. We detected genetic variation in growth, but no trait plasticity except in carbon:nitrogen, which decreased under drought. We did not detect traits that enhanced performance under drought but identified four physiological traits whose effects on growth varied under control and drought. Conclusions: Our results indicate moderate drought tolerance of an endangered shrub, and low trait plasticity. Conservation of endangered species under shifting climates will benefit from studies of stress tolerance, particularly at the vulnerable seedling stage.
title: ADCO, Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0649
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0649, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0649, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Vortex lattices of bosons in deep rotating optical lattices
Creators: name: Goldbaum, Daniel S.
name: Mueller, Erich J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study vortex-lattice phases for a Bose gas trapped in a rotating optical-lattice near the superfluid--Mott-insulator transition. We find a series of abrupt structural phase transitions where vortices are pinned with their cores only on plaquettes or only on sites. We discuss connections between these vortex structures and the Hofstadter-butterfly spectrum of free particles on a rotating lattice.
description: 15 Pages, 5 Figures; Title slightly modified; References updated; Organized into sections; Typos corrected; Some discussion added
Integrating Demand-Side Resources into the Electric Grid: Economic and Environmental Considerations
Creators: name: Fisher, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Demand-side resources are taking an increasingly prominent role in providing essential grid services once provided by thermal power plants. This thesis considers the economic feasibility and environmental effects of integrating demand-side resources into the electric grid with consideration given to the diversity of market and environmental conditions that can affect their behavior. Chapter 2 explores the private economics and system-level carbon dioxide reduction when using demand response for spinning reserve. Steady end uses like lighting are more than twice as profitable as seasonal end uses because spinning reserve is needed year-round. Avoided carbon emission damages from using demand response instead of fossil fuel generation for spinning reserve are sufficient to justify incentives for demand response resources. Chapter 3 quantifies the system-level net emissions rate and private economics of behind-the-meter energy storage. Net emission rates are lower than marginal emission rates for power plants and in-line with estimates of net emission rates from grid-level storage. The economics are favorable for many buildings in regions with high demand charges like California and New York, even without subsidies. Future penetration into regions with average charges like Pennsylvania will depend greatly on installation cost reductions and wholesale prices for ancillary services. Chapter 4 outlines a novel econometric model to quantify potential revenues from energy storage that reduces demand charges. The model is based on a novel predictive metric that is derived from the building’s load profile. Normalized revenue estimates are independent of the power capacity of the battery holding other performance characteristics equal, which can be used to calculate the profit-maximizing storage size. Chapter 5 analyzes the economic feasibility of flow batteries in the commercial and industrial market. Flow batteries at a 4-hour duration must be less expensive on a dollar per installed kWh basis, often by 20-30%, to break even with shorter duration li-ion or lead-acid despite allowing for deeper depth of discharge and superior cycle life. These results are robust to assumptions of tariff rates, battery round-trip efficiencies, amount of solar generation and whether the battery can participate in the wholesale energy and ancillary services markets.