cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Seafloor Photo-Geology and Sonar Terrain Modeling at the 9°N Overlapping Spreading Center, East Pacific Rise
Creators: name: Klein, Emily M.
name: White, Scott M.
name: Nunnery, James Andrew
name: Mason-Stack, Jessica L.
name: Wanless, Virginia Dorsey
name: Perfit, Michael R.
name: Waters, Christopher L.
name: Sims, Kenneth W.
name: Fornari, Daniel J.
name: Zaino, Anne J.
name: Ridley, W. Ian
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 2013
Subjects: axial magma chamber
dike
melt lens
mid-ocean ridge
ocean crust
overlapping spreading center

description: A fundamental goal in the study of mid-ocean ridges is to understand the relationship between the distribution of melt at depth and seafloor features. Building on geophysical information on subsurface melt at the 9°N overlapping spreading center on the East Pacific Rise, we use terrain modeling (DSL-120A side scan and bathymetry), photo-geology (Jason II and WHOI TowCam), and geochemical data to explore this relationship. Terrain modeling identified four distinct geomorphic provinces with common seafloor characteristics that correspond well to changes in subsurface melt distribution. Visual observations were used to interpret terrain modeling results and to establish a relative seafloor age scale, calibrated with radiometric age dates, to identify areas of recent volcanism. On the east limb, recent eruptions in the north are localized over the margins of the 4 km wide asymmetric melt sill, forming a prominent off-axis pillow ridge. Along the southern east limb, recent eruptions occur along a neovolcanic ridge that hugs the overlap basin and lies several kilometers west of the plunging melt sill. Our results suggest that long-term southward migration of the east limb occurs through a series of diking events with a net southward propagation direction. Examining sites of recent eruptions in the context of geophysical data on melt distribution in the crust and upper mantle suggests melt may follow complex paths from depth to the surface. Overall, our findings emphasize the value of integrating information obtained from photo-geology, terrain modeling, lava geochemistry and petrography, and geophysics to constrain the nature of melt delivery at mid-ocean ridges. Key points: Terrain modeling and photogeology show links between eruptions and crustal melt Eruptions above 4-km wide melt sill occur only above sill's margins Terrain modeling found four provinces that differ from classic tectonic view of OSC.
Assessment of the effects in mussels (Mytilus edulis) chronically exposed to environmental realistic concentrations of nickel nanoparticles using a biomarker approach
Creators: name: Motta, Eduardo
name: Neves, José
name: Gonçalves, José Fernando
name: Daniel, David
name: Nunes, Bruno
name: Correia, Alberto Teodorico
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2024

description: Background: The presence of metallic nanoparticles (NP) in the aquatic environment is a cause for concern as they can have adverse effects on biota [1,2]. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on mussels (Mytilus edulis) chronically exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of nickel nanoparticles using oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation biomarkers. Methods: In this study, 60 individuals of Mytilus edulis were chronically (28 days) exposed in a semi-static test (100% of water renewal each two days) to three concentrations (0.05 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 5.0 mg/L) of nickel (Ni-NP), including a negative control. The activity of oxidative stress enzymes (Glutathione S-transferases - GSTs and Catalase-CAT) and the damage caused by lipid peroxidation (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - TBARS) were subsequently assessed in the gills and digestive glands. Data was analysed using One-Way ANOVA (factor: concentration) and, if needed, by Dunnett test (to compare each exposed group to control). Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the activity of catalase present in the digestive glands between the control group and the other exposed groups, both for the gills and the digestive gland. The highest catalase activity was observed in both cases in the control group. No statistically significant differences were observed in GST activity, either in the gills or in the digestive glands, between the different experimental groups. Mussels exposed to the highest levels of nickel showed higher concentrations of TBARS in the gills, differing statistically from the control group. However, in the digestive glands, the highest concentration was in the non-exposed group. Conclusions: Ni-NP have been shown to be potentially harmful to the mussels, as in most of the concentrations tested, they negatively influenced the antioxidant response, which suggests an alteration in the mussels' homeostasis that needs further investigation.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2024)
title: Temporal And Spatial Variability In Fecundity Of Baltic Cod
Creators: name: Kraus, G.
name: Muller, A.
name: Trella, K.
name: Köster, F.W.
Publisher: name: ASC 1999
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Data on the individual fecundity of cod from the Central Baltic was investigated with respect to intra- and inter-annual variability as well as deviations between different spawning grounds within a spawning season. 701 cod ovaries from fish caught in the Bomholm Basin (ICES Subdivision 25) during the period 1987-1996 as well as 106 ovaries from the Gdansk Deep (ICES Subdivision 26) sampled in 1995 and 1996 are included in the analyses. It is demonstrated that relative potential fecundity varies between years but neither between the different spawning grounds nor between different sampling months within one spawning season. Supplementary information on the individual fish examined and related environmental data are used for further analyses of possible factors determining the variability in annual fecundity. Growth and water temperature are factors identified to. influence the mean relative fecundity explaining 66% of the variance between years.
Butylone effects on swimming behaviour and biochemical parameters on Daphnia magna
Creators: name: Carvalho, Ana Rita
name: Gonçalves, Virgínia M. F.
name: Tiritan, Maria Elizabeth
name: Carrola, João Soares
name: Castro, Bruno
name: Ribeiro, Ana Rita Lado Ribeiro
name: Ribeiro, Cláudia
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2024

description: Background: Psychoactive substances (e.g. cathinones) may be detected in environmental samples, posing risks to wildlife and human health [1, 2]. Butylone (BTL) is a chiral synthetic cathinone available as a racemate [1]. Nevertheless, both human metabolism and biodegradation at wastewater treatment plants may be enantioselective causing changes in its enantiomeric fraction (EF) [2]. Therefore, enantiomers may exhibit different toxicity effects on non-target aquatic organisms, like daphnia [3]. Objective: This study aimed to assess the sub-chronic effects on Daphnia magna exposed to BTL (racemate and single enantiomers) focusing on swimming behaviour and biochemical parameters. Methods: Daphnids (<24h) were exposed to concentrations of 0.10, 1.0, or 10 µg L-1 of rac-BTL or 0.10, or 1.0 µg L-1 of each BTL enantiomer for 9 days (5 replicates per concentration and a control). On day 5, several swimming parameters were determined and on day 9, daphnids were collected for evaluation of biochemical parameters.  Results: No significant changes were observed in swimming parameters in organisms exposed to rac-BTL. However, organisms exposed to (S)-BTL at 0.10 µg L-1 showed a significant increase in total distance. Regarding oxidative stress, rac-BTL increased tiobarbituric acid reactive species levels at 10 µg L-1, and an increase in reactive oxygen species levels was found after exposure to (S)-BTL at 1.0 µg L-1. A decrease in catalase activity at 0.10 µg L-1 was observed in the organisms exposed to rac-BTL whereas no changes were observed for single enantiomers. The activity of acetylcholinesterase showed a significant decrease at all concentrations of rac-BTL whereas an increase was found after exposure to (R)-BTL at 0.10 µg L-1. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that exposure to BTL may cause enantioselective toxicity effects on D. magna related to swimming parameters, oxidative stress, and enzymatic activity. To understand better the toxicity and mechanisms caused by BTL exposure in D. magna, future studies are ongoing.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2024)
A generalized mass-to-horizon relation: a new global approach to entropic cosmologies and its connection to $Λ$CDM
Creators: name: Gohar, Hussain
name: Salzano, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we propose a new generalized mass-to-horizon relation to be used in the context of entropic cosmologies and holographic principle scenarios. We show that a general scaling of the mass with the Universe horizon as $M=γ\frac{c^2}{G}L^n$ leads to a new generalized entropy $S_n = γ\frac{n}{1+n}\frac{2 π\,k_B\,c^3}{G\,\hbar} L^{n+1}$ from which we can recover many of the recently proposed forms of entropies at cosmological and black hole scales and also establish a thermodynamically consistent relation between each of them and Hawking temperature. We analyse the consequences of introducing this new mass-to-horizon relation on cosmological scales by comparing the corresponding modified Friedmann, acceleration, and continuity equations to cosmological data. We find that when $n=3$, the entropic cosmology model is fully and totally equivalent to the standard $Λ$CDM model, thus providing a new fundamental support for the origin and the nature of the cosmological constant. In general, if $\log γ< -3$, and irrespective of the value of $n$, we find a very good agreement with the data comparable with $Λ$CDM from which, in Bayesian terms, our models are indistinguishable.
description: 9 pages, 1 table and added references and explanations
Correlation function of flavored fermion in holographic QCD
Creators: name: Li, Si-wen
name: Zhang, Yi-peng
name: Li, Hao-qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the gauge-gravity duality, we investigate the correlation function of flavored fermion in the \mathrm{D}_{p}/\mathrm{D}_{p+4} model as top-down approaches of holographic QCD for p=4,3. The bulk spinor, as the source of the flavored fermion in QCD, is identified to the worldvolume fermion on the flavor \mathrm{D}_{p+4}-branes and the standard form of its action can be therefore obtained by the T-duality rules in string theory. Keeping this in hand, we afterwards generalize the prescription for two-point correlation function in AdS/CFT dictionary into general D-brane backgrounds and apply it to the case of p=4,3, i.e. the D4/D8 and D3/D7 approach respectively. Resultantly, our numerical calculation with the bubble background always displays discrete peaks in the correlation functions which imply the bound states created by the flavored fermions as the confinement in QCD. With the black brane background, the onshell condition illustrated by the correlation function covers basically the dispersion curves of fermion obtained by the hard thermal loop approximation in the hot medium. Finally, we interpret the flavored fermions in the bubble background as baryons by taking into account a baryon vertex, then find the two-point correlation function is able to fit the lowest baryon spectrum. In this sense, we conclude remarkably that our top-down approach in this work could reveal the fundamental properties of QCD both in the confined and deconfined phase.
description: 42 pages; 12 figures; 1 table; added a new figure
Cheilosia chloris
Creators: name: Kočić, Anja
name: Vujić, Ante
name: Tot, Tamara
name: Milosavljević, Marina Janković
name: Groot, Maarten De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Cheilosia
Cheilosia chloris

description: Cheilosia chloris (Meigen, 1822).
Regions: UC, SS, CL, SA.
Reference: Vujić (1996), de Groot & Govedič (2008), Van Steenis et al. (2013).
description: Published as part of Kočić, Anja, Vujić, Ante, Tot, Tamara, Milosavljević, Marina Janković & Groot, Maarten De, 2023, An updated checklist of the hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Slovenia, pp. 189-227 in Zootaxa 5297 (2) on page 195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7993180
Evaluation of oxidative stress and apoptosis responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae after butylone exposure
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Ondina
name: Félix, Luís
name: Ribeiro, Cláudia
name: Tiritan, Maria Elizabeth
name: Carrola, João Soares
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2024

description: Background: The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in the worldwide drug market raises huge concerns over public health, drug policy and environmental adverse effects [1]. Butylone (BTL) is a synthetic chiral cathinone [2] reported in wastewater effluents and despite its increasing presence in freshwater ecosystems, no studies were found on the BTL toxic evaluation in fish, including the well-known zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Zebrafish is widely used to investigate the potential adverse effects of different toxics, including NPS, specifically during sensitive early-life stages [3]. Objective: The main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential toxic effects of BTL on the apoptosis response, enzymatic and non-enzymatic biomarkers levels. Methods: Zebrafish embryos with ≈ 3 hours post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed for 96 hours to different concentrations of (R,S)-BTL (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L). After exposure, the determination of apoptosis level was carried out by measuring the fluorescence (excitation/emission 535/590 nm) of 10 larvae from each repetition/concentration, immersed in acridine orange dye. Furthermore, 30 larvae from each treatment concentration were collected to assess the effects on reactive oxygen species generation, enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, acetylcholinesterase, and glutathione S-transferases) and non-enzymatic biomarkers (protein carbonyls, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, reduced glutathione, and glutathione disulphide). Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in any of the different biomarkers analysed. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of BTL (0.1 μg/L) during the early life stages of zebrafish may not alter the redox homeostasis with the induction of oxidative stress nor induce apoptosis, reflecting no adverse effects for acute exposure. However, further research is needed to investigate in more detail the impacts of BTL on other biomarkers, like genotoxicity, behavioural changes, and focus on chronic exposure and multigenerational effects, consequently improving the accuracy of environmental risk assessment.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2024)
Nonlocality of Mean Scalar Transport in Two-Dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor Instability Using the Macroscopic Forcing Method
Creators: name: Lavacot, Dana Lynn O. -L.
name: Liu, Jessie
name: Williams, Hannah
name: Morgan, Brandon E.
name: Mani, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The importance of nonlocality of mean scalar transport in 2D Rayleigh-Taylor Instability (RTI) is investigated. The Macroscopic Forcing Method (MFM) is utilized to measure spatio-temporal moments of the eddy diffusivity kernel representing passive scalar transport in the ensemble averaged fields. Presented in this work are several studies assessing the importance of the higher-order moments of the eddy diffusivity, which contain information about nonlocality, in models for RTI. First, it is demonstrated through a comparison of leading-order models that a purely local eddy diffusivity is insufficient in capturing the mean field evolution of the mass fraction in RTI. Therefore, higher-order moments of the eddy diffusivity operator are not negligible. Models are then constructed by utilizing the measured higher-order moments. It is demonstrated that an explicit operator based on the Kramers-Moyal expansion of the eddy diffusivity kernel is insufficient. An implicit operator construction that matches the measured moments is shown to offer improvements relative to the local model in a converging fashion.
Cheilosia chrysocoma
Creators: name: Kočić, Anja
name: Vujić, Ante
name: Tot, Tamara
name: Milosavljević, Marina Janković
name: Groot, Maarten De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Cheilosia
Cheilosia chrysocoma

description: Cheilosia chrysocoma (Meigen, 1822).
Regions: UC, CL.
Reference: Vujić (1996), de Groot (2004).
description: Published as part of Kočić, Anja, Vujić, Ante, Tot, Tamara, Milosavljević, Marina Janković & Groot, Maarten De, 2023, An updated checklist of the hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Slovenia, pp. 189-227 in Zootaxa 5297 (2) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7993180
Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in eutrophic reservoirs: exploring challenges for aquatic sustainability
Creators: name: Pinto, Ivo
name: Azevedo, Luísa
name: Antunes, Sara C.
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2024

description: Background: Globally, numerous eutrophic freshwater ecosystems exhibit an overgrowth of cyanobacteria, often coupled with the generation of cyanotoxins [1, 2], with a frequency increase due to climatic changes. These toxins encompass a diverse range of harmful metabolites with various repercussions on the ecosystem. They adversely affect the resilience and integrity of the food chain, contributing to water quality deterioration, oxygen depletion, and species lethality [3]. Additionally, these compounds may lead to the degradation of ecosystem services, particularly impacting recreational activities, agriculture, and the drinking water quality [4]. Objective: The present work aims to identify the effects of phytoplankton and cyanotoxins on the ecosystem health, and perceive the limitations of phytoplankton as the only biological element for classifying the water quality of reservoirs, specially eutrophic reservoirs. Methods: Water samples were collected in Aguieira reservoir since 2018. The phytoplankton community was analysed regarding the composition and abundance, as well as to investigate the potential for biotoxin production and its potential impacts on the water body quality. Results: The cyanobacteria group consistently appeared in all samples, predominantly within the most representative groups. Furthermore, organisms belonging to the genus Microcystis sp. were frequently detected in the samples, and these organisms produce toxins that can exert adverse effects on the ecosystem. Conclusions: The increasing prevalence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in the environment raises concerns due to their impact on human and animal well-being and biodiversity. Furthermore, these harmful substances possess the ability to bioaccumulate, increasing their concentration in the food chain and presenting a potential threat to individuals who ingest contaminated organisms, such as fish. It is crucial to establish surveillance systems (such as early detection of the presence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins), as well as to promote information/sharing to the general public to effectively adopt preventive measures in the ecosystem.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2024)
Tracking the Postsecondary Educational Journey of Indiana 4-H Alumni using the National Student Clearinghouse
Creators: name: Ojike, Favour Chinaemerem
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education
classificationCode: 390102
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy theory and development
classificationCode: 390199
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 309999
subject: Other agricultural, veterinary and food sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Higher education is vital for fostering new knowledge and applying existing knowledge for societal and economic advancement. Despite the private and public benefits, college enrollment rates are declining in the United States. Colleges and universities also face a significant demographic cliff in the next decade. Identifying new students for higher education in the United States will be essential for the vitality of higher education institutions and for meeting societal educational needs. Youth-serving organizations often introduce youths to pre-collegiate experiences to advance interest in higher education through a positive youth development framework. Youth-serving organizations must demonstrate impact during a tumultuous time for adolescents. They may rely on short-term impacts to justify resource investment, but youth-serving organizations struggle to capture long-term outcomes due to methodological challenges. Secondary data sources like the National Student Clearinghouse can provide youth-serving organizations an opportunity to examine long-term programmatic outcomes such as college readiness. This study provides the most comprehensive examination of Indiana 4-H and its contribution to college readiness to date. Major findings include that Indiana 4-H high school graduates enroll in postsecondary institutions at a higher rate than the state population across all observed demographics. Recommendations highlight future research and practice needs at national, organizational, and individual levels.
COVID anomaly in the correlation analysis of S&P 500 market states
Creators: name: Martínez-Ramos, M. Mijaíl
name: Vyas, Manan
name: Majai, Parisa
name: Seligman, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Analyzing market states of the S&P 500 components on a time horizon January 3, 2006 to August 10, 2023, we found the appearance of a new market state not previously seen and we shall discuss its possible implications as an isolated state or as a beginning of a new general market condition. We study this in terms of the Pearson correlation matrix and relative correlation with respect to the S&P 500 index. In both cases the anomaly shows strongly.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, supplemental materials (6 figures, 3 videos)
title: Women's Household Production on the Northwest Coast
title: a Paleobotanical Analysis Using Starches
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Leonard-Doll, Katy Lee
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Macrobotanical
Microbotanical
Northwest Coast
Paleoethnobotany
Starch Grain
Archaeology

description: This thesis presents the results of archaeobotanical analyses at three sites, Ozette, Meier, and Cathlapotle, on the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America. The purpose of this analysis is to use archaeobotanical methodologies, emphasizing starch grain analysis, to address questions of women’s household production through a dialectic framework of gender and status. Women are often discussed in Pacific Northwest archeological research as undifferentiated household producers. However, their roles in household production likely varied based on the intersections of gender and status. This thesis reanalyzes the macrobotanical assemblage from Ozette to address the distribution of botanical remains using the framework of this gender-status dialectic. Reanalysis of the Ozette data demonstrates how botanical remains can be used to identify different activity areas within houses where women were likely producing plant-based resources. After establishing a methodology for starch grain extraction from archaeological tools, a similar framework was applied to Meier and Cathlapotle by conducting a starch analysis of ground stone tools. A variety of starch grains were observed in the 44 samples taken from groundstone tools including bowls, pestles, groundstones, mortars and net weights. The starch type with the most starch grains observed is tentatively identified as the culturally important wapato (Sagittaria latifolia). The distribution of these samples and tools at Meier suggests that women were processing plants in the central to southern portions or low-status areas of the house. Other groundstone tools associated with fishing and construction were located primarily in the northern or high-status area of the house. The Cathlapotle samples included two unique starch grain types in the highest-status area of House 1 indicating that women may have been processing plants not accessible to others at Cathlapotle. This analysis addresses women’s household production by demonstrating the differences in production activities that women were participating in within their households, and how status likely played a role in what and where plant resources were processed within these houses. Starch grain analysis is shown as a useful methodology for addressing challenging questions surrounding gender and production on the Northwest Coast. It is important to address these questions to gain a full picture of the political economies in the region during the precontact period.
Spin glass behavior in Sr2Mn0.7Fe0.3MoO6
Creators: name: Wang, Xianjie
name: Sui, Yu
name: Li, Yao
name: Xu, Miao
name: Wang, Wendong
name: Liu, Pan
name: Tang, Jinke
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 2011
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

description: In this paper, we present a detailed study of the dc magnetization, ac susceptibility and aging effect in a polycrystalline Sr2Mn0.7Fe0.3MoO6 sample. Based on the tetragonal I 4/m space group, the XRD pattern is well refined, which shows that the sample is crystallized in a single phase double-perovskite structure without impurity phase. The dc magnetization, ac susceptibility, heat capacity, aging experiments and fitting results show the existence of the spin glass behavior in the sample. The spin glass behavior originates from the competition between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings due to the magnetic frustration at the interface of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic clusters in the phase separate sample.
A fast-running physics-based wake model for a semi-infinite wind farm
Creators: name: Bastankhah, Majid
name: Mohammadi, Mohammad Mehdi
name: Lees, Charlie
name: Diaz, Gonzalo Pablo Navarro
name: Buxton, Oliver
name: Ivanell, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a new generation of fast-running physics-based models to predict the wake of a semi-infinite wind farm, extending infinitely in the lateral direction but with finite size in the streamwise direction. The assumption of a semi-infinite wind farm enables concurrent solving of the laterally-averaged momentum equations in both streamwise and spanwise directions. The developed model captures important physical phenomena such as vertical top-down transport of energy into the farm, variable wake recovery rate due to the farm-generated turbulence, and also wake deflection due to turbine yaw misalignment and Coriolis force. Of special note is the model's capability to predict and shed light on the counteracting effect of Coriolis force causing wake deflections in both positive and negative directions. Moreover, the impact of wind-farm layout configuration on the flow distribution is modelled through a parameter called the local deficit coefficient. Model predictions were validated against large-eddy simulations extending up to 45 kilometres downstream of wind farms. Detailed analyses were performed to study the impacts of various factors such as incoming turbulence, wind-farm size, inter-turbine spacing, and wind-farm layout on the farm wake.
Cheilosia crassiseta Loew 1859
Creators: name: Kočić, Anja
name: Vujić, Ante
name: Tot, Tamara
name: Milosavljević, Marina Janković
name: Groot, Maarten De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Cheilosia
Cheilosia crassiseta

description: Cheilosia crassiseta Loew, 1859.
Regions: UC, GO, LC.
Reference: Vujić (1996) (as Nigrocheilosia crassiseta), Van Steenis et al. (2013).
description: Published as part of Kočić, Anja, Vujić, Ante, Tot, Tamara, Milosavljević, Marina Janković & Groot, Maarten De, 2023, An updated checklist of the hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Slovenia, pp. 189-227 in Zootaxa 5297 (2) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7993180
Understanding the ecotoxicological effects of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim on zebrafish embryo
Creators: name: Diogo, Bárbara S.
name: Rodrigues, Sara
name: Antunes, Sara C.
Publisher: name: Scientific Letters
Year: 2024

description: Background: In the last 50 years the two most used antibiotics to prevent and treat bacterial infections are Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Trimethoprim (TRIM) [1]. These antibiotics were considered priority substances by the Water Framework Directive, being essential to determine the risk they may pose to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Different studies report the toxicity of SMX and TRIM to several aquatic organisms, namely Danio rerio, however, the existing data are quite incomplete. Objective: Evaluate the sub-lethal effects of SMX and TRIM in Danio rerio embryos. Methods: Fish embryo acute toxicity assays were performed, evaluating the percentage of survival, hatching, and morphological alterations after SMX (0.156 to 2.5 mg/L) and TRIM (25 to 400 mg/L) exposure for 96 h [2, 3]. Sub-individual parameters were also evaluated, namely oxidative stress (CAT and GSTs activities and TBARS levels) and neurotoxicity (AChE activity) biomarkers. Results: SMX showed to be more toxic, causing a maximum of 15 % mortality after 48 h at 0.156 mg/L. A hatching delay of the zebrafish embryos was observed after exposure to concentrations up to 30 mg SMX/L and 100 mg TRIM/L. Both antibiotics caused different morphological alterations in zebrafish, being the most common enlarged swim bladder, body curvatures, and pericardial oedema. Other abnormalities were also observed, namely hemagglutinations, yolk sac oedemas, and head and eye malformations after exposure to both antibiotics. Additionally, SMX and TRIM caused an oxidative stress scenario and neurotoxicity, however only SMX caused lipid peroxidation. Conclusions: These results highlight the impact of SMX and TRIM in D. rerio embryos, showing that these antibiotics can affect individually (e.g., growth and survival) and sub-individually (e.g., antioxidant defenses) this species. More studies should be conducted to better understand the toxicity of these antibiotics at ecologically relevant concentrations and in long-term effects on zebrafish life cycle.
description: Scientific Letters, Vol. 1 No. Sup 1 (2024)
title: Incorporating Ecosystem Objectives Within Fisheries Management Plans In The Maritimes Region Of Atlantic Canada
Creators: name: Sinclair, Mike
name: O'Boyle, Robert
name: Burke, Leslie
name: D'entrement, Shawn
Publisher: name: ASC 1999
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The Canadian Oceans Act passed in 1997 entails new obligations for oceans management. Fisheries are to be managed within the broader context of integrated ocean management of the aggregate ocean uses, ecosystem features are to be considered, and a precautionary approach applied. In response to the Act, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans has initiated discussions on the approaches to be taken. For fisheries biologists, there are two categories of challenges, 1) a new scientific perspective on conservation objectives and 2) a complication in governance. Ocean Management Areas (OMAs) need to be defined based on required stakeholder involvement for the diverse management activities, as well as the artificial boundaries of political and administrative systems already in place. The fisheries (and other industrial activities) within OMAs will heed to be evaluated in relation to properties of ecosystems as well as of the target species. Ecosystem objectives need to be defined in parallel with the presently used conservation objectives of fisheries management plans. The new objectives need to address biodiversity and habitat productivity. Associated with the ecosystem objectives, performance measures and reference points need to be defined. New monitoring activities and data products will be required for the performance measures. Implications of incorporating the ecosystem objectives of an OMA into present management plans are outlined. Evolution of the degree to which aggregate industrial activities are meeting ecosystem objectives, and resolution of user conflicts requires changes in governance. The nature of consultation between fisheries scientists and stakeholders will change. Some aspects of these changes are described.
New estimates for a class of non-local approximations of the total variation
Creators: name: Picenni, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26B30, 49J45, 49Q20

description: We consider a class of non-local functionals recently introduced by H. Brezis, A. Seeger, J. Van Schaftingen, and P.-L. Yung, which offers a novel way to characterize functions with bounded variation.
 We give a positive answer to an open question related to these functionals in the case of functions with bounded variation. Specifically, we prove that in this case the liminf of these functionals can be estimated from below by a linear combination in which the three terms that sum up to the total variation (namely the total variation of the absolutely continuous part, of the jump part and of the Cantor part) appear with different coefficients. We prove also that this estimate is optimal in the case where the Cantor part vanishes, and we compute the precise value of the limit in this specific scenario.
 In the proof we start by showing the results in dimension one by relying on some measure theoretic arguments in order to identify sufficiently many disjoint rectangles in which the difference quotient can be estimated, and then we extend them to higher dimension by a classical sectioning argument.
description: 17 pages. The second version fixes an issue in the proof of the main result, and quotes some recent developments on the problem
A massive galaxy that formed its stars at $z \sim 11$
Creators: name: Glazebrook, Karl
name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Schreiber, Corentin
name: Lagos, Claudia
name: Kawinwanichakij, Lalitwadee
name: Jacobs, Colin
name: Chittenden, Harry
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Kacprzak, Glenn G.
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Marchesini, Danilo
name: Marsan, Z. Cemile
name: Oesch, Pascal A.
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Remus, Rhea-Silvia
name: Tran, Kim-Vy H.
name: Esdaile, James
name: Gomez, Angel Chandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of galaxies by gradual hierarchical co-assembly of baryons and cold dark matter halos is a fundamental paradigm underpinning modern astrophysics and predicts a strong decline in the number of massive galaxies at early cosmic times. Extremely massive quiescent galaxies (stellar masses $>10^{11}$ M$_\odot$) have now been observed as early as 1-2 billions years after the Big Bang; these are extremely constraining on theoretical models as they form 300-500 Myr earlier and only some models can form massive galaxies this early. Here we report on the spectroscopic observations with the James Webb Space Telescope of a massive quiescent galaxy ZF-UDS-7329 at redshift 3.205 $\pm$ 0.005 that eluded deep ground-based spectrscopy, is significantly redder than typical and whose spectrum reveals features typical of much older stellar populations. Detailed modelling shows the stellar population formed around 1.5 billion years earlier in time (z ~ 11) at an epoch when dark matter halos of sufficient hosting mass have not yet assembled in the standard scenario. This observation may point to the presence of undetected populations of early galaxies and the possibility of significant gaps in our understanding of early stellar populations, galaxy formation and/or the nature of dark matter.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, updated to reflect accepted version. v3 with figure caption clarified
title: Analysis Of The Imp Act Of Fishing Activities On Exploited Marine Resources At The Ecosystem Scale The Case Of English Channel Fisheries.
Creators: name: Ulrich, Clara
name: Dunn, Matthew R.
name: Gascuel, Didier
Publisher: name: ASC 1999
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.For a European project, we constructed a bioeconomic simulation model taking into account all these interactions. This model has been used to describe the ecological impact of fisheries activities on exploited resource biomass.
Powder River Basin Coal: Powering America
Creators: name: Considine, Timothy
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 2013
Subjects: Coal; Scale Economies; Natural Gas; Electricity; Environment
Business

description: Powder River Basin (PRB) coal in Wyoming and Montana is used to produce 18 percent of the electricity consumed in the United States. Coal production from the PRB more than doubled between 1994 and 2009. PRB coal companies produced greater amounts of coal at declining real prices over much of this period through investment in equipment and production systems that achieved massive economies of scale. The bulk of PRB coal is shipped to the middle part of America from Texas in the south to Michigan in the north and New York in the east. States that consume significant amounts of PRB coal have electricity rates well below the national average. The largest industrial users of electricity are in these regions. Replacing PRB coal would require almost 5.5 trillion cubic feet of natural gas per year, representing a 26 percent increase in demand. Such an increase in gas consumption would increase prices for natural gas by roughly 76 percent. In such a world, U.S. energy users would pay $107 billion more each year for electricity and natural gas. Hence, by using PRB coal, the U.S. economy avoids $107 billion per year in higher energy costs. Estimates reported in the literature indicate that the gross environmental damages from PRB coal production are $27 billion. Hence, the net social benefits of PRB coal are $80 billion per year. Given the large size and low cost of these reserves, PRB coal will likely supply societal energy needs well into the future as long as the public and their elected officials are willing to accept the environmental impacts in return for the substantial economic benefits from using PRB coal.
title: Operational Data Acquisition And Internet Presentation Of Marine Environmental Data From Ships Of Opportunity And Fixed Monitoring Stations
Creators: name: Gytre, Trygve
Publisher: name: ASC 1999
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Since 1935 Institute of Marine Research (IMR) in Bergen has run an operational system for acquisition of temperature and salinity data from passenger and caigo lines opera­ting in the North Sea and on the Norwegian coast and from fixed hydrographic monitor­ing stations on the Norwegian coast. Presently temperature and salinity data from three ships of opportunity and temperature / salinity profiles from eight hydrographic stations are regulary collected and transmitted to IMR for quality check, processing,automatic loading into a database and immediate presentation on Internet. The acquired information is used for climatic references, short and long term climatic forecasting, location planning,remote sensor calibration and general information to the public. The paper describes history, instrumentation strategy ,IMR's data quality procedures for operational data and how the data are presented on Internet. Plans for future development based on more sensors and two way satellite communication are also described
Cheilosia cynocephala Loew 1840
Creators: name: Kočić, Anja
name: Vujić, Ante
name: Tot, Tamara
name: Milosavljević, Marina Janković
name: Groot, Maarten De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Cheilosia
Cheilosia cynocephala

description: Cheilosia cynocephala Loew, 1840.
Region: GO.
Reference: de Groot & Govedič (2008).
description: Published as part of Kočić, Anja, Vujić, Ante, Tot, Tamara, Milosavljević, Marina Janković & Groot, Maarten De, 2023, An updated checklist of the hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Slovenia, pp. 189-227 in Zootaxa 5297 (2) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7993180
Structure and Serpentinization of the Subducting Cocos Plate Offshore Nicaragua and Costa Rica
Creators: name: Van Avendonk, Harm J. A.
name: Holbrook, W. Steven
name: Lizarralde, Daniel
name: Denyer, Percy Ch
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming. Libraries
Year: 2011
Subjects: Central America
Cocos Plate
Gal\u00e1pagos hot spot
plate bending and faulting
seismic velocities
subduction

description: The Cocos plate experiences extensional faulting as it bends into the Middle American Trench (MAT) west of Nicaragua, which may lead to hydration of the subducting mantle. To estimate the along strike variations of volatile input from the Cocos plate into the subduction zone, we gathered marine seismic refraction data with the R/V Marcus Langseth along a 396 km long trench parallel transect offshore of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Our inversion of crustal and mantle seismic phases shows two notable features in the deep structure of the Cocos plate: (1) Normal oceanic crust of 6 km thickness from the East Pacific Rise (EPR) lies offshore Nicaragua, but offshore central Costa Rica we find oceanic crust from the northern flank of the Cocos Nazca (CN) spreading center with more complex seismic velocity structure and a thickness of 10 km. We attribute the unusual seismic structure offshore Costa Rica to the midplate volcanism in the vicinity of the Galápagos hot spot. (2) A decrease in Cocos plate mantle seismic velocities from ~7.9 km/s offshore Nicoya Peninsula to ~6.9 km/s offshore central Nicaragua correlates well with the northward increase in the degree of crustal faulting outboard of the MAT. The negative seismic velocity anomaly reaches a depth of ~12 km beneath the Moho offshore Nicaragua, which suggests that larger amounts of water are stored deep in the subducting mantle lithosphere than previously thought. If most of the mantle low velocity zone can be interpreted as serpentinization, the amount of water stored in the Cocos plate offshore central Nicaragua may be about 2.5 times larger than offshore Nicoya Peninsula. Hydration of oceanic lithosphere at deep sea trenches may be the most important mechanism for the transfer of aqueous fluids to volcanic arcs and the deeper mantle.
title: Ecological Aspects On Fisheries Management
Creators: name: Hansson, Sture
Publisher: name: ASC 1999
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.From numerous studies in freshwaters, we know that fish are important ecosystem components. Changes in fish abundances may influence not only their forage organisms, but indirectly also species at other trophic levels. The ecological role of fish in lakes is so well established that fish manipulations are used in e.g. mitigation of eutrophication. The significance of fish in marine environments is much less understood, but there is no obvious reason why fish should be less integrated in marine ecosystems than in lakes. Fisheries thus have a potentially tremendous ecological impact through the killing of target species. These species are normally very abundant and/or dominant on their trophic level. For many of these species, the fishery increases the mortality rate >500%. Most other human activities ( e.g. discharges of toxic substances) that increase mortality rates to this extent would probably be banned! This comparison shows that fisheries must be managed to avoid unacceptable ecological effects and not primarily to optimise catches. One problem in this is that we often don't have the necessary ecological understanding and the concepts required for a constructive dialog between fisheries managers and ecologists. In the presentation, I will give an ecologist's view on some possible approaches to fisheries management.
In-plane magnetic field driven conductance modulations in topological insulator kinks
Creators: name: Behner, Gerrit
name: Moors, Kristof
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Schleenvoigt, Michael
name: Rupp, Alina
name: Zimmermann, Erik
name: Jalil, Abdur Rehman
name: Schüffelgen, Peter
name: Lüth, Hans
name: Grützmacher, Detlev
name: Schäpers, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present low-temperature magnetoconductance measurements on Bi$_{1.5}$Sb$_{0.5}$Te$_{1.8}$Se$_{1.2}$ kinks with ribbon-shaped legs. The conductance displays a clear dependence on the in-plane magnetic field orientation. The conductance modulation is consistent with orbital effect-driven trapping of the topological surface states on different side facets of the legs of the kink, which affects their transmission across the kink. This magnetic field-driven trapping and conductance pattern can be explained with a semiclassical picture and is supported by quantum transport simulations. The interpretation is corroborated by varying the angle of the kink and analyzing the temperature dependence of the observed magnetoconductance pattern, indicating the importance of phase coherence along the cross section perimeter of the kink legs.
description: Main Text (7 pages, 4 figures) and Supplemental Material (3 pages, 3 figures)