cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Net-Charge Fluctuations in Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
Creators: name: Tydesjö, Henrik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Net-Charge Fluctuations
pad chamber
spectrometers
jet quenching
Anisotropic flow
charge asymmetry

description: This work presents results on the net-charge fluctuations in gold-gold collisions in PHENIX at √sNN= 130 GeV. The utilization of simulation tools developed to gather information on how various net-charge fluctuation measurement behaves in different experimental scenarios. A full description of the event reconstruction techniques used in the PHENIX central arm spectrometer along with a detailed description of the Pad Chamber detector system is also presented. The results show that the fluctuation measures are strongly influenced by correlations between positive and negative particles, as generated in these models.
Censorship of Pro-Palestinian Activism on College Campuses
Creators: name: Maddali, Sandhya
Publisher: name: ORANGE Magazine
Year: 2022
Subjects: ORANGE Magazine - Pulp
Palestine
activism
censorship
college

description: About a year ago, UT Austin’s student government passed a bill that adopted a definition of antisemitism written by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA). The definition, though very broad, has certain portions that conflate criticisms against the state of Israel with antisemitism, making it easy to censor pro-Palestinian organizers. In order to proactively address this censorship, Nura Bawab, a Steering Committee Member of the Palestine Solidarity Committee (PSC), and Mitchell Velona, a member of Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP) co-wrote a resolution to remove the IHRA definition on UT Austin’s campus. PSC is a student organization that works toward Palestinian liberation by organizing protests, educating people, and providing a safe space for Palestinian students and culture, among other things. JVP is an organization that works against “anti-Jewish, anti-Muslim, and anti-Arab bigotry and oppression” by working toward harmony among Middle Eastern countries and against the actions of the U.S. and Israeli governments.
General-relativistic resistive-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of binary neutron stars
Creators: name: Dionysopoulou, K.
name: Alic, D.
name: Rezzolla, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the dynamics of an equal-mass magnetized neutron-star binary within a resistive magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) approach in which the highly conducting stellar interior is matched to an electrovacuum exterior. Because our analysis is aimed at assessing the modifications introduced by resistive effects on the dynamics of the binary after the merger and through to collapse, we have carried out a close comparison with an equivalent simulation performed within the traditional ideal magnetohydrodynamic approximation. We have found that there are many similarities between the two evolutions but also one important difference: the survival time of the hyper massive neutron star increases in a RMHD simulation. This difference is due to a less efficient magnetic-braking mechanism in the resistive regime, in which matter can move across magnetic-field lines, thus reducing the outward transport of angular momentum. Both the RMHD and the ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations carried here have been performed at higher resolutions and with a different grid structure than those in previous work of ours [L. Rezzolla, B. Giacomazzo, L. Baiotti, J. Granot, C. Kouveliotou, and M. A. Aloy, Astrophys. J. Letters 732, L6 (2011)], but confirm the formation of a low-density funnel with an ordered magnetic field produced by the black hole--torus system. In both regimes the magnetic field is predominantly toroidal in the highly conducting torus and predominantly poloidal in the nearly evacuated funnel. Reconnection processes or neutrino annihilation occurring in the funnel, none of which we model, could potentially increase the internal energy in the funnel and launch a relativistic outflow, which, however, is not produced in these simulations.
description: 26 pages, 17 figures; animations available at http://www.southampton.ac.uk/~kd10g13/movies/index.shtml
Tibetan demonstrators calling for an end to price increases in Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Tibetans--Economic conditions
Tibetans

description: Photograph of Tibetan demonstrators calling for an end to price increases in Lhasa, holding up a banner that reads, "The policy of no charge for medicines must continue."
Equation of state and speed of sound of isospin-asymmetric QCD on the lattice
Creators: name: Brandt, Bastian B.
name: Cuteri, Francesca
name: Endrodi, Gergely
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the QCD equation of state at nonzero temperature in the presence of an isospin asymmetry between the light quark chemical potentials on the lattice. Our simulations employ $N_f=2+1$ flavors of dynamical staggered quarks at physical masses, using three different lattice spacings. The main results are based on a two-dimensional spline interpolation of the isospin density, from which all relevant quantities can be obtained analytically. In particular, we present results for the pressure, the interaction measure, the energy and entropy densities, as well as the speed of sound. Remarkably, the latter is found to exceed its ideal gas limit deep in the pion condensed phase, the first account of the violation of this limit in first principles QCD. Finally, we also compute the phase diagram in the temperature -- isospin density plane for the first time. The data for all observables will be useful for the benchmarking of effective theories and low-energy models of QCD and are provided in ancillary files for simple reuse.
description: 30 pages, 46 figures; v2: extended discussion of splines and data, conclusions unchanged, matches published version
Inelastic-impurity-scattering-induced spin texture and topological transitions in surface electron waves
Creators: name: Fransson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inelastic scattering off magnetic impurities in a spin-chiral two-dimensional electron gas, e.g., the Rashba system, is shown to generate topological changes in the spin texture of the electron waves emanating from the scattering center. While elastic scattering gives rise to a purely in-plane spin texture for an in-plane magnetic scat- tering potential, out-of-plane components emerge upon activation of inelastic scattering processes. This property leads to a possibility to make controlled transitions between trivial and nontrivial topologies of the spin texture.
description: Five pages, six figures
Tibetan demonstrators calling for an end to price increases, with a civilian in the foreground in Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Tibetans--Economic conditions
Tibetans

description: Photograph of Tibetan demonstrators calling for an end to price increases in Lhasa, holding up a banner that reads, "The policy of no charge for medicines must continue," with a civilian in the foreground.
Graded Bundles in the Category of Lie Groupoids
Creators: name: Bruce, Andrew James
name: Grabowska, Katarzyna
name: Grabowski, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 22A22, 55R10, 58E40, 58H05

description: We define and make initial study of Lie groupoids equipped with a compatible homogeneity (or graded bundle) structure, such objects we will refer to as weighted Lie groupoids. One can think of weighted Lie groupoids as graded manifolds in the category of Lie groupoids. This is a very rich geometrical theory with numerous natural examples. Note that $\mathcal{VB}$-groupoids, extensively studied in the recent literature, form just the particular case of weighted Lie groupoids of degree one. We examine the Lie theory related to weighted groupoids and weighted Lie algebroids, objects defined in a previous publication of the authors, which are graded manifolds in the category of Lie algebroids, showing that they are naturally related via differentiation and integration. In this work we also make an initial study of weighted Poisson-Lie groupoids and weighted Lie bi-algebroids, as well as weighted Courant algebroids.
Designing for dementia: personas to aid communication between professionals developing built environments for people with dementia
Creators: name: Jais, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 120399 Design Practice and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: Dementia is expected to become increasingly prevalent, with some estimates suggesting that the number of people with dementia (PWDem) will reach 115.4 million by 2050 (Prince et al., 2013). Due to the diverse and complex needs of PWDem, this poses significant challenges in providing appropriate built environments for this group. A Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) approach may be useful in designing built environments for PWDem, including care environments, as it focuses on the needs, limitations and abilities of users. Personas represent the needs of archetypal users and may therefore be useful in supporting this approach to design.The results of a systematic literature review indicated that HFE did not appear to have been widely used in this area previously, but that such an approach was likely to be useful in designing dementia care homes. Evidence-based dementia personas were therefore developed, with the intention of these being used as a discussion tool to encourage stakeholders to consider the needs, limitations and abilities of PWDem when designing new dementia care environments. [Continues.]
Cyclic Homology and Quantum Orbits
Creators: name: Maszczyk, Tomasz
name: Sütlü, Serkan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A natural isomorphism between the cyclic object computing the relative cyclic homology of a homogeneous quotient-coalgebra-Galois extension, and the cyclic object computing the cyclic homology of a Galois coalgebra with SAYD coefficients is presented. The isomorphism can be viewed as the cyclic-homological counterpart of the Takeuchi-Galois correspondence between the left coideal subalgebras and the quotient right module coalgebras of a Hopf algebra. A spectral sequence generalizing the classical computation of Hochschild homology of a Hopf algebra to the case of arbitrary homogeneous quotient-coalgebra-Galois extensions is constructed. A Pontryagin type self-duality of the Takeuchi-Galois correspondence is combined with the cyclic duality of Connes in order to obtain dual results on the invariant cyclic homology, with SAYD coefficients, of algebras of invariants in homogeneous quotient-coalgebra-Galois extensions. The relation of this dual result with the Chern character, Frobenius reciprocity, and inertia phenomena in the local Langlands program, the Chen-Ruan-Brylinski-Nistor orbifold cohomology and the Clifford theory is discussed.
A novel framework for crash frequency prediction: Geographic support vector regression based on agent-based activity models in Greater Melbourne
Creators: name: Duong, Vu Xuan Quynh
name: Gilbert, Hulya
name: Nguyen, Hien
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3509
subject: Transportation, logistics and supply chains
classificationCode: 5201
subject: Applied and developmental psychology
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: The field of spatial analysis in traffic crash studies can often enhance predictive performance by addressing the inherent spatial dependence and heterogeneity in crash data. This research introduces the Geographical Support Vector Regression (GSVR) framework, which incorporates generated distance matrices, to assess spatial variations and evaluate the influence of a wide range of factors, including traffic, infrastructure, socio-demographic, travel demand, and land use, on the incidence of total and fatal-or-serious injury (FSI) crashes across Greater Melbourne's zones. Utilizing data from the Melbourne Activity-Based Model (MABM), the study examines 50 indicators related to peak hour traffic and various commuting modes, offering a detailed analysis of the multifaceted factors affecting road safety. The study shows that active transportation modes such as walking and cycling emerge as significant indicators, reflecting a disparity in safety that heightens the vulnerability of these road users. In contrast, car commuting, while a consistent factor in crash risks, has a comparatively lower impact, pointing to an inherent imbalance in the road environment. This could be interpreted as an unequal distribution of risk and safety measures among different types of road users, where the infrastructure and policies may not adequately address the needs and vulnerabilities of pedestrians and cyclists compared to those of car drivers. Public transportation generally offers safer travel, yet associated risks near train stations and tram stops in city center areas cannot be overlooked. Tram stops profoundly affect total crashes in these areas, while intersection counts more significantly impact FSI crashes in the broader metropolitan area. The study also uncovers the contrasting roles of land use mix in influencing FSI versus total crashes. The proposed framework presents an approach for dynamically extracting distance matrices of varying sizes tailored to the specific dataset, providing a fresh method to incorporate spatial impacts into the development of machine learning models. Additionally, the framework extends a feature selection technique to enhance machine learning models that typically lack comprehensive feature selection capabilities.
GANGLIOSIDE GM1 AS ADJUVANT FOR ORKAMBI� THERAPY TO RESTORE PLASMA MEMBRANE STABILITY AND FUNCTION OF F508DEL-CFTR
Creators: name: MANCINI, GIULIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common, fatal genetic disease in the Caucasian population caused by loss of function mutations in gene encoding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR is expressed at the apical surface of epithelial cells of different organs, such as: lungs, pancreas, gut, and testes. For this reason even if in CF the pulmonary manifestations are the most severe, CF is considered a multi-system disease, which affects several bodily districts. The new challenge for the CF therapy is based on the development of small molecules able to rescue the function of the mutated CFTR. Many pharmacological agents have been designed to increase the surface level of mutated CFTR (correctors), as well as its plasma membrane (PM) activity (potentiators). Recently, combined therapy that includes a corrector of the CFTR folding (lumacaftor or VX-809) and a potentiator of the channel activity (ivacaftor or VX-770) called Orkambi�, was approved for CF patients homozygous for the deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del), the most common CF-causing mutation. Unfortunately, clinical studies revealed that the effects of Orkambi� on lung function were modest, due to low stability of rescued F508del-CFTR at the PM level. Indeed, many factors contribute to PM CFTR stability, including its compartmentalization in PM macromolecular complexes composed of phospholipids, sphingolipids, with particular regards for monosialoganglioside 1 (GM1), and scaffolding proteins such as ezrin and NHERF-1. Interestingly, it has been proved that in bronchial epithelial cells the lack of CFTR in the cell PM, such as in the case of the patients carrying the mutation F508del, is associated with a decreased content of GM1. By performing photolabelling experiments, I demonstrated for the first time that GM1 and CFTR at PM level reside in the same microdomain, suggesting a direct interaction between them. Then I investigated on the potential effect of the exogenous administration of ganglioside GM1 on the PM stabilization and function of F508del-CFTR rescued by Orkambi� treatment. In particular, I proved that in CF bronchial epithelial cells GM1 antagonizes the negative effect of VX-770, increasing F508del-CFTR maturation and its channel activity by the recruitment of the scaffolding proteins NHERF-1 and ezrin. Taken together the results obtained during my PhD project pointed out the role of GM1 as possible adjuvant to Orkambi� therapy to restore the function of F508del-CFTR.
MEAformer: Multi-modal Entity Alignment Transformer for Meta Modality Hybrid
Creators: name: Chen, Zhuo
name: Chen, Jiaoyan
name: Zhang, Wen
name: Guo, Lingbing
name: Fang, Yin
name: Huang, Yufeng
name: Zhang, Yichi
name: Geng, Yuxia
name: Pan, Jeff Z.
name: Song, Wenting
name: Chen, Huajun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-modal entity alignment (MMEA) aims to discover identical entities across different knowledge graphs (KGs) whose entities are associated with relevant images. However, current MMEA algorithms rely on KG-level modality fusion strategies for multi-modal entity representation, which ignores the variations of modality preferences of different entities, thus compromising robustness against noise in modalities such as blurry images and relations. This paper introduces MEAformer, a multi-modal entity alignment transformer approach for meta modality hybrid, which dynamically predicts the mutual correlation coefficients among modalities for more fine-grained entity-level modality fusion and alignment. Experimental results demonstrate that our model not only achieves SOTA performance in multiple training scenarios, including supervised, unsupervised, iterative, and low-resource settings, but also has a limited number of parameters, efficient runtime, and interpretability. Our code is available at https://github.com/zjukg/MEAformer.
description: ACM Multimedia 2023 Accpeted, Repo: https://github.com/zjukg/MEAformer
On the Mean Field and Classical Limits of Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Golse, François
name: Mouhot, Clément
name: Paul, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C10, 35Q55, 82C05, 35Q83

description: The main result in this paper is a new inequality bearing on solutions of the $N$-body linear Schrödinger equation and of the mean field Hartree equation. This inequality implies that the mean field limit of the quantum mechanics of $N$ identical particles is uniform in the classical limit and provides a quantitative estimate of the quality of the approximation. This result applies to the case of $C^{1,1}$ interaction potentials. The quantity measuring the approximation of the $N$-body quantum dynamics by its mean field limit is analogous to the Monge-Kantorovich (or Wasserstein) distance with exponent $2$. The inequality satisfied by this quantity is reminiscent of the work of Dobrushin on the mean field limit in classical mechanics [Func. Anal. Appl. 13 (1979), 115-123]. Our approach of this problem is based on a direct analysis of the $N$-particle Liouville equation, and avoids using techniques based on the BBGKY hierarchy or on second quantization.
description: 38 pages. Final version, to appear in Communications in Mathematical Physics
Observation of time-reversal symmetric Hall effect in graphene-WSe2 heterostructures at room temperature
Creators: name: Tiwari, Priya
name: Sahani, Divya
name: Chakraborty, Atasi
name: Das, Kamal
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Agarwal, Amit
name: Bid, Aveek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we provide experimental evidence of the time-reversal symmetric Hall effect in a mesoscopic system, namely high-mobility graphene/WSe$_2$ heterostructures. This linear, dissipative Hall effect, whose sign depends on the sign of the charge carriers, persists up to room temperature. The magnitude and the sign of the Hall signal can be tuned using an external perpendicular electric field. Our joint experimental and theoretical study establishes that the strain induced by lattice mismatch, or angle inhomogeneity, produces anisotropic bands in graphene while simultaneously breaking the inversion symmetry. The band anisotropy and reduced spatial symmetry lead to the appearance of a time-reversal symmetric Hall effect. Our study establishes graphene-transition metal dichalcogenide-based heterostructures as an excellent platform for studying the effects of broken symmetry on the physical properties of band-engineered two-dimensional systems.
Tibetan demonstrators gathered in Barkor Square, taken from the roof of the Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, 1992
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Human rights
Tibetans

description: Photograph of Tibetan demonstrators gathered in Barkor Square, taken from the roof of the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa.
The algebraic structure of quantum partial isometries
Creators: name: Banica, Teodor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The partial isometries of $\mathbb R^N,\mathbb C^N$ form compact semigroups $\widetilde{O}_N,\widetilde{U}_N$. We discuss here the liberation question for these semigroups, and for their discrete versions $\widetilde{H}_N,\widetilde{K}_N$. Our main results concern the construction of half-liberations $\widetilde{H}_N^\times,\widetilde{K}_N^\times,\widetilde{O}_N^\times,\widetilde{U}_N^\times$ and of liberations $\widetilde{H}_N^+,\widetilde{K}_N^+,\widetilde{O}_N^+,\widetilde{U}_N^+$. We include a detailed algebraic and probabilistic study of all these objects, justifying our "half-liberation" and "liberation" claims.
description: 34 pages
Generalized Dicke model and gauge-invariant master equations for two atoms in ultrastrongly-coupled cavity quantum electrodynamics
Creators: name: Akbari, Kamran
name: Salmon, Will
name: Nori, Franco
name: Hughes, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a generalization of the well-known Dicke model, using two dissimilar atoms in the regime of ultrastrongly coupled cavity quantum electrodynamics. Our theory uses gauge invariant master equations, which yields consistent results in either of the standard multipolar and Coulomb gauges, including system-bath interactions for open cavity systems. We first show how a second atom can be treated as a sensor atom to measure the output spectrum from a single atom in the ultrastrong-coupling regime, and compare results with the quantum regression theorem, explaining when they can be different. We then focus on the case where the second atom is also ultrastrongly coupled to the cavity, but with different parameters from those of the first atom, which introduces complex coupling effects and additional resonances and spectral features. In particular, we show multiple resonances in the cavity spectra that are visible off-resonance, which cannot be seen when the second atom is on-resonance with the rest of the system. We also observe clear anti-crossing features particularly pronounced for when the second atom tunes through resonance.
description: Revised Paper
Schädigungskontrolliertes Blechbiegen mittels Druckspannungsüberlagerung
Creators: name: Meya, Rickmer
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Umformtechnik
subject: Schädigung
subject: Biegen
subject: 620
subject: 670
subject: Umformen
subject: Werkstoffschädigung
subject: Biegen

description: Bei der derzeitigen Produktauslegung gebogener Bauteile werden häufig nur die Eigenschaften des Ausgangsmaterials einbezogen. Teilweise werden zudem die umformtechnisch induzierten Verfestigungen und Eigenspannungen berücksichtigt. Die durch den Umformvorgang eingebrachte Schädigung wird nicht betrachtet. Der Prozess der duktilen Schädigung wird in dieser Arbeit als Porennukleation, -wachstum und -zusammenschluss definiert. Da der negative Einfluss der Schädigung auf die Leistungsfähigkeit unbekannt ist, werden Bauteile häufig überdimensioniert. Diese Unkenntnis wird über erhöhte Sicherheitsfaktoren kompensiert. Daher wird in dieser Arbeit erstmals dargestellt, inwiefern die Schädigung beim Biegen eingestellt werden kann und welchen Einfluss die Schädigung auf die Leistungsfähigkeit hat. Zur Beeinflussung der Schädigung muss der Lastpfad während der plastischen Umformung verändert werden. Da die konventionellen Prozesse mit Spannungsüberlagerung nicht in der Lage sind, kontrolliert Druckspannungen aufzubringen, wird ein neues Biegeverfahren entwickelt. Das sogenannte Biegen mit radialer Spannungsüberlagerung kann während des Prozesses einstellbare Druckspannungen aufbringen. Die zusätzliche Spannungsüberlagerung führt bei identischem Umformgrad zu bis zu 50 % reduzierten Porenflächen. Zur Prüfung bereits gebogener Bauteile werden neue Testverfahren für die entsprechenden Einsatzfälle entwickelt. Anhand dieser wird der Einfluss der Schädigung auf das Bauteilverhalten bewertet. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Schädigung einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf das Crashverhalten, die zyklischen Eigenschaften und die Steifigkeit gebogener Bauteile hat und somit im Entwicklungsprozess als Produkteigenschaften miteinbezogen werden sollte.
description: Dortmunder Umformtechnik;108
Scale-free power spectrums in the delayed cosmology
Creators: name: Yang, Shi-hui
name: Zeng, Ding-fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The delayed cosmology [JCAP 02(2012)046] assumes that the evolution of geometries is delayed relative to that of matter and/or energies. This idea allows inflation occur without inflaton fields or vacuum energies of any kind as drivings. We considered the production and evolution of primordial perturbations in this model. The results indicate that, with delaying, we could get a nearly scale-free power spectrum of perturbations starting from a radiation dominated early universe.
description: basic ideas remain the same, numerical results improved remarkably
OPERAS, a community-led research infrastructure for open scholarly communication
Creators: name: Schulte, Judith
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Research infrastructure
subject: Open scholarly communication
subject: Community-led
subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities
subject: Social Sciences
subject: Open Access

description: OPERAS is the research infrastructure dedicated to open scholarly communication in the Social Sciences and Humanities. In terms of open science, research should not only be responsive to societal needs but co-created in deep dialogue with society itself. The research infrastructure focuses on “open scholarly communication”, thus directly enabling this dialogue with society and, within the European infrastructure landscape, positioning OPERAS at the convergence of different axes (namely, FAIR data and publications), with a higher capacity to engage with other infrastructures for a fully functional European research infrastructure ecosystem. As a distributed infrastructure, OPERAS is the catalyst in sharing knowledge and know-how, in the adoption of practices to increase the quality, efficiency and return economic and cultural investments both on the sides of the service providers and the content creators.
 This means that OPERAS is one of the main pan-European actors to support high-quality, transparent, open, trustworthy and equitable scholarly publishing. It increases the quality, visibility and impact of research in the Humanities and Social Sciences by providing relevant and community-based open scholarly communication services. OPERAS promotes diversity of languages, formats, cultures, publishing and linguistic practices. As an infrastructure with a robust range of services, OPERAS is a sanctuary to boost multilingualism, publishing diversity (i.e. bibliodiversity), and scholarly inclusion. And its capacity building boosts the transition to Open Access for academic imprints, it supports Open Access publishers that actively practise equitable models. OPERAS includes all members in the governance structure and is the only European research infrastructure gathering all the diversity of scientific actors: publishers, service providers, data analysts, librarians, researchers, and engaged stakeholders from civil society. OPERAS federates the different stakeholders and leverages their contribution towards reaching the common goal of ethical and open publishing.
A search for high-mass resonances decaying to $τ^{+}τ^{-}$ in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for high-mass resonances decaying into $τ^{+}τ^{-}$ final states using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}= 8$ TeV produced by the Large Hadron Collider is presented. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5-20.3 fb$^{-1}$. No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed; 95% credibility upper limits are set on the cross section times branching fraction of $Z^{\prime}$ resonances decaying into $τ^+τ^-$ pairs as a function of the resonance mass. As a result, $Z^{\prime}$ bosons of the Sequential Standard Model with masses less than 2.02 TeV are excluded at 95% credibility. The impact of the fermionic couplings on the $Z^{\prime}$ acceptance is investigated and limits are also placed on a $Z^{\prime}$ model that exhibits enhanced couplings to third-generation fermions.
description: 26 pages plus author list + cover page (50 pages total), 9 figures, 4 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2014-05/
Non-Fermi liquid behavior in a simple model of Fermi arcs and pseudogap
Creators: name: Wang, Ruojun
name: Yang, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a perturbed version of a very simple and exactly solvable model that supports Fermi arcs and pseudogap in its ground state and excitation spectrum, which includes Hubbard-like interactions in both momentum and real spaces. We find the combined effects give rise to non-Fermi liquid behavior in the electron self-energy. Comparison will be made with phenomenology of high temperature cuprate superconductors.
description: 19 pages, 24 figures, an issue fixed on page 1
Contacts for organic switches with carbon-nanotube leads
Creators: name: Wierzbowska, Malgorzata
name: Rode, Michal F.
name: Sadek, Mikolaj
name: Sobolewski, Andrzej L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular devices, as future electronics, seek low-resistivity contacts for the energy saving. At the same time, the contacts should intensify desired properties of tailored electronic elements. In this work, we focus our attention on two classes of organic switches connected to carbon-nanotube leads and operating due to photo- or field-induced proton transfer (PT) process. By means of the first-principles atomistic simulations of the ballistic conductance, we search for atomic contacts which strengthen diversity of the two swapped I-V characteristics between two tautomers of a given molecular system. We emphasize, that the low-resistive character of the contacts is not necessarily in accordance with the switching properties. Very often, the higher-current flow makes it more difficult to distinguish between the logic states of the molecular device. Instead, the resistive contacts multiply a current gear at the tautomeric transition to a larger extent. The low- and high-bias work regimes set additional conditions, which are fulfilled by different contacts. In some cases, the peroxide contacts or the direct connection to the tube perform better than the popular sulfur contact. Additionally, we find that the switching-bias value is not an inherent property of the conducting molecule, but it strongly depends on the chosen contacts.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Conditions for predicting quasistationary states by rearrangement formula
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Yoshiyuki Y.
name: Ogawa, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predicting the long-lasting quasistationary state for a given initial state is one of central issues in Hamiltonian systems having long-range interaction. A recently proposed method is based on the Vlasov description and uniformly redistributes the initial distribution along contours of the asymptotic effective Hamiltonian, which is defined by the obtained quasistationary state and is determined self-consistently. The method, to which we refer as the rearrangement formula, was suggested to give precise prediction under limited situations. Restricting initial states consisting of spatially homogeneous part and small perturbation, we numerically reveal two conditions that the rearrangement formula prefers: One is no Landau damping condition for unperturbed homogeneous part, and the other comes from the Casimir invariants. Mechanisms of these conditions are discussed. Clarifying these conditions, we inform validity to use the rearrangement formula as the response theory for an external field, and we shed light on improving the theory as a nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.
description: 11pages, 4 figures
First-principles study of hydrogen dynamics in monoclinic TiO
Creators: name: Hosseini, S. Vahid
name: Postnikov, Andrei
name: Mohammadizadeh, Mohammad Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of intrinsic vacancies in cubic (monoclinic) TiO suggests opportunity for hydrogen absorption, which was addressed in recent experiments. In the present work, based on first principle calculations, the preferences are studied for the hydrogen absorption sites and diffusion paths between them. The oxygen vacancies are found to be primary hydrogen traps with absorption energy of -2.87 eV. The plausible channels for hydrogen diffusion between adjacent vacancy sites (ordered in the monoclinic TiO structure) are compared with the help of calculations done with the nudge elastic band method. Several competitive channels are identified, with barrier heights varying from 2.87 to 3.71 eV, that is high enough to ensure relative stability of trapped hydrogen atoms at oxygen vacancy sites. Moreover, the possibility of adsorption of molecular hydrogen was tested and found improbable, in the sense that the H2 molecules penetrating the TiO crystal are easily dissociated (and released atoms tend to proceed towards oxygen vacancy sites). These results suggest that hydrogen may persist in oxygen vacancy sites up to high enough temperatures.
description: updated and enlarged version, accepted for publication in Journal of Physical Chemistry C (June 2023)
Η «Ζώσα Εκκλησία» και η σχέση της με το σοβιετικό καθεστώς
Creators: name: Miadzvedz, Yauheni Konstantin
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Η Ρωσική Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησιά
«Ζώσα Εκκλησιά»
Σοβιετκό Καθεστός
Russian Orthodox Church
«Living Church»
Soviet Union

description: Σε αυτήν τη διατριβή αναφέρονται τα γεγονότα τις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα, οπού εμφανίζονται σκέψεις για μεταγενέστερες μεταρρυθμίσεις, την πορεία της «Ζώσας Εκκλησίας», και η παρακμή της. Ο σκοπός της διατριβής ήτανε να φέρω στο φως τα γεγονότα που ήτανε στη Ρωσική Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία με την εμφάνιση λεγομένης της «Ζώσας Εκκλησίας», που εμφανίζεται το 1922 στο έδαφος Ρωσίας. Η περίοδος εκείνος δεν ήταν εύκολος γιατί πριν λίγα χρόνια έγινε επανάσταση, μετά την οποία έγινε σειρά γεγονότων που έκανε δύσκολες σχέσεις Εκκλησίας και του κράτους. Με εμφάνιση αυτής της «Ζώσας Εκκλησίας» γίνονται μεταρρυθμίσεις στο τυπικό και στη παράδοση της Ορθοδοξίας. Αυτήν τη «Ζώσα Εκκλησίας» το κράτος ήθελε να χρησιμοποιεί για να διαλύσουν τη Ρωσική Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία.
description: In this thesis the events of the early 20th century are reported, where thoughts of later reforms, the course of the "Living Church", and its decline appear. The purpose of the thesis was to bring to light the events that took place in the Russian Orthodox Church with the emergence of the so-called "Living Church", which appeared in 1922 on the territory of Russia. That period was not easy because a few years ago there was a revolution, after which a series of events took place that made relations between the Church and the state difficult. With the appearance of this "Living Church" reforms were made in the formality and tradition of Orthodoxy. This "Living Church" the state wanted to use to dissolve the Russian Orthodox Church.
Tibetan demonstrators gathered outside a building in Barkor Sqaure, carrying a blue banner and calling for an end to price increases, Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Tibetans--Economic conditions
Tibetans

description: Photograph of Tibetan demonstrators gathered outside a building in Barkor Sqaure, carrying a blue banner and calling for an end to price increases.
Supermassive Black Hole Formation at High Redshifts via Direct Collapse in a Cosmological Context
Creators: name: Choi, Jun-Hwan
name: Shlosman, Isaac
name: Begelman, Mitchell C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the early stage of the formation of seed supermassive black holes via direct collapse in dark matter (DM) halos, in the cosmological context. We perform high-resolution zoom-in simulations of such collapse at high-$z$. Using the adaptive mesh refinement code ENZO, we resolve the formation and growth of a DM halo, until its virial temperature reaches $\sim 10^4$K, atomic cooling turns on, and collapse ensues. We demonstrate that direct collapse proceeds in two stages, although they are not well separated. The first stage is triggered by the onset of atomic cooling, and leads to rapidly increasing accretion rate with radius, from $\dot M\sim 0.1\,M_\odot {\rm yr^{-1}}$ at the halo virial radius to few $M_\odot \,{\rm yr^{-1}}$, around the scale radius $R_{\rm s}\sim 30$pc of the NFW DM density profile. The second stage of the collapse commences when the gas density takes precedence over the DM density. This is associated with the gas decoupling from the DM gravitational potential. The ensuing collapse approximates that of an isothermal sphere with $\dot M ( r )\sim $const. We confirm that the gas loses its angular momentum through non-axisymmetric perturbations and gravitational torques, to overcome the centrifugal barrier. During the course of the collapse, this angular momentum transfer process happens on nearly all spatial scales, and the angular momentum vector of the gas varies with position and time. Collapsing gas also exhibits supersonic turbulent motions which suppress gas fragmentation, and are characterized by density PDF consisting of a lognormal part and a high-density power law tail.
description: 14 pages and 11 figures accepted for publication in MNRAS
The use of blood-flow restriction to enhance high-intensity endurance performance and skeletal muscle adaptation
Creators: name: Mitchell, Emma
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 119999 Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences

description: Post-exercise blood flow restriction (BFR) is a novel training method which, through alterations to the haemodynamic, metabolic and hypoxic stimulus, could augment skeletal muscle adaptation in endurance trained individuals. The studies described in this thesis investigated the combined effect of post-exercise BFR and interval training on angiogenic and mitochondrial biogenic molecular and adaptive responses and high-intensity endurance performance. It was initially demonstrated that a very strong correlation exists between critical power (CP), an important parameter of endurance performance, and indices of skeletal muscle capillarity (r = 0.94), implying that skeletal muscle capillarity is an important determinant of CP (Chapter 3). Chapter 4 investigated the efficacy of combining post-exercise BFR with 4 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) (4-7 x 30 s maximal bouts) in trained individuals. SIT increased CP by ~3.5% in trained individuals, but the addition of BFR did not enhance this further. In contrast, neither skeletal muscle capillarity or mitochondrial protein content increased following SIT with or without BFR. However, there was a trend (P = 0.06) for an increase in proliferating endothelial cells after four weeks of SIT only with post-exercise BFR, tentatively suggesting that post-exercise BFR could elicit an enhanced angiogenic response when undertaken with a greater training duration and/or volume. This was investigated in Chapter 6 in which the time course of transient transcriptional changes during two weeks of post-exercise BFR combined with a higher volume high intensity interval training (HIIT) modality was examined. BFR did not enhance the transient increases in VEGF, PGC-1α of HIF-1α mRNA following HIIT during two-weeks of training and did not increase VEGF protein content. There was however, an increase in resting eNOS mRNA after two weeks only when HIIT was combined with post-exercise BFR, suggesting BFR elicited an increased shear stress stimulus. There was no increase in mitochondrial protein content or citrate synthase activity following 2 weeks of HIIT with or without post-exercise BFR. Collectively the findings from these studies imply that post-exercise BFR does not increase mitochondrial content, but although there was no increase in skeletal muscle capillarity, there were suggestions that post-exercise BFR could elicit an enhanced angiogenic stimulus when undertaken with higher training volumes and could subsequently increase performance.
Patterns in random walks and Brownian motion
Creators: name: Pitman, Jim
name: Tang, Wenpin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We ask if it is possible to find some particular continuous paths of unit length in linear Brownian motion. Beginning with a discrete version of the problem, we derive the asymptotics of the expected waiting time for several interesting patterns. These suggest corresponding results on the existence/non-existence of continuous paths embedded in Brownian motion. With further effort we are able to prove some of these existence and non-existence results by various stochastic analysis arguments. A list of open problems is presented.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures. This paper is published at http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-18585-9_4
Massless Dirac Perturbations in a Consistent Model of Loop Quantum Gravity Black Hole: Quasinormal Modes and Particle Emission Rates
Creators: name: Albuquerque, Saulo
name: Lobo, Iarley P.
name: Bezerra, Valdir B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider perturbations of the massless Dirac field in the background of a black hole solution found by Bodendorfer, Mele, and Münch (BMM), using a polymerization technique that furnishes contributions inspired by Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) Theory. Using the sixth order WKB method, we analyzed its quasinormal modes for several modes, multipole numbers and the two classes of BMM black holes. We also considered the potential that governs these perturbations to analyze the bound on the Greybody Factor (GF) due the emission rates of particles. As results, we found that the Loop Quantum Gravity parameters are responsible for raising the potential and the real and imaginary parts of the quasinormal frequencies and decrease the bound on the Greybody Factor for the two classes of black holes (with more prominent effects for the de-amplification case, which is compatible with previous analyses done for other fields).
description: 24 pages, 14 figures. Added references. v2: fixed typos, improved the discussion on the stability of the 6th order WKB method and on the derivation of the bound on the greybody factor. Matches the published version
Mixed-State Entanglement Measures in Topological Order
Creators: name: Yin, Chao
name: Liu, Shang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum entanglement is a particularly useful characterization of topological orders which lack conventional order parameters. In this work, we study the entanglement in topologically ordered states between two arbitrary spatial regions, using two distinct mixed-state entanglement measures: the so-called "computable cross-norm or realignment" (CCNR) negativity, and the more well-known partial-transpose (PT) negativity. We first generally compute the entanglement measures: We obtain general expressions both in (2+1)D Chern-Simons field theories under certain simplifying conditions, and in the Pauli stabilizer formalism that applies to lattice models in all dimensions. While the field-theoretic results are expected to be topological and universal, the lattice results contain nontopological/nonuniversal terms as well. This raises the important problem of continuum-lattice comparison which is crucial for practical applications. When the two spatial regions and the remaining subsystem do not have triple intersection, we solve the problem by proposing a general strategy for extracting the topological and universal terms in both entanglement measures. Examples in the (2+1)D $Z_2$ toric code model are also presented. In the presence of trisection points, however, our result suggests that the subleading piece in the PT negativity is not topological and depends on the local geometry of the trisections, which is in harmonics with a technical subtlety in the field-theoretic calculation.
description: Published version, 22 pages, 9 captioned figures