cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing disruptive innovation paths, patent zero and patent-data based operationalization
Creators: name: Martini, Melanie
name: Tietze, Frank
name: John, Marcus
name: Aristodemou, Leonidas
name: Schönmann, Alexander
name: Schimpf, Sven
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: Disruptive innovations
Disruptive innovation pathways
Patent zero
Early warning system
Patent analysis
Disruptive potential
Innovation management

description: Disruptive innovations, as opposed to sustaining innovations, bring change to customers, markets, industries. This change is often quite sudden and drastic. Thus, the early identification of disruptive technologies can be crucial for managers and policy makers alike. In this work we propose a method to support the early identification of disruptive innovations. To do so we conceptualize a 5-phase pathway framework for disruptive innovation, then propose how to operationalize its phases using patent data. We combined the underlying theory by Christensen with different patent indicators from literature to develop an early warning system for disruptive innovations based on the underlying disruptive technologies. Additionally, we introduce the concept of patent zero and provide a first analysis.
Superdense coding over optical fiber links with complete Bell-state measurements
Creators: name: Williams, Brian P.
name: Sadlier, Ronald J.
name: Humble, Travis S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adopting quantum communication to modern networking requires transmitting quantum information through fiber-based infrastructure. We report the first demonstration of superdense coding over optical fiber links, taking advantage of a complete Bell-state measurement enabled by time-polarization hyperentanglement, linear optics, and common single-photon detectors. We demonstrate the highest single-qubit channel capacity to date utilizing linear optics, $1.665 \pm 0.018$, and we provide a full experimental implementation of a hybrid, quantum-classical communication protocol for image transfer.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Steric effects of CO2 binding to transition metal-benzene complexes: a first-principles study
Creators: name: Bae, Hyeonhu
name: Huang, Bing
name: Lee, Hoonkyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we investigated the adsorption of CO2 molecules on 3d transition metal (TM)-benzene complexes. Our calculations show that the maximum number of CO2 molecules adsorbable on Sc or Ti atoms is three, but the 18-electron rule predicts it should be four. The 18-electron rule is generally successful in predicting the maximum H2 adsorption number for TM atoms including Sc or Ti atoms. We found that the 18-electron rule fails to correctly predict CO2 binding on Sc- or Ti-benzene complexes because CO2 binding, in contrast to H2 binding, requires additional consideration for steric hindrance due to the large bond length of CO2. We calculated the occupation function for CO2 using the Tolman cone angle, which shows that three CO2 molecules fully occupy the available space around Sc- and Ti-benzene complexes. This estimation is the same maximum CO2 adsorption number predicted by DFT calculations. Therefore, we propose that the occupation function for CO2 using the Tolman cone angle is an efficient model for evaluating steric hindrance of CO2 adsorption on a surface.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
High Quality Factor Platinum Silicide Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors
Creators: name: Szypryt, P.
name: Mazin, B. A.
name: Ulbricht, G.
name: Bumble, B.
name: Meeker, S. R.
name: Bockstiegel, C.
name: Walter, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the development of Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) using platinum silicide as the sensor material. MKIDs are an emerging superconducting detector technology, capable of measuring the arrival times of single photons to better than two microseconds and their energies to around ten percent. Previously, MKIDs have been fabricated using either sub-stoichiometric titanium nitride or aluminum, but TiN suffers from spatial inhomogeneities in the superconducting critical temperature and Al has a low kinetic inductance fraction, causing low detector sensitivity. To address these issues, we have instead fabricated PtSi microresonators with superconducting critical temperatures of 944$\pm$12~mK and high internal quality factors ($Q_i \gtrsim 10^6$). These devices show typical quasiparticle lifetimes of $τ_{qp} \approx 30$--$40~μ$s and spectral resolution, $R = λ/ Δλ$, of 8 at 406.6~nm. We compare PtSi MKIDs to those fabricated with TiN and detail the substantial advantages that PtSi MKIDs have to offer.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted by APL
title: Amplifying single-gate mesfet phase shifters at x-band
Creators: name: Evans, David Hillary
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: The thesis will describe 0/180 degree digital switched-path phase shifters that exhibit insertion gains of approximately 3 dB at 9.5 GHz. The microwave switching and amplification in each phase shifter is performed with a pair of Plessey GAT4 single-gate MESFET devices. The basis for this microwave switch is a matched amplifier which when its device is pinched-off displays an insertion loss of about 17 dB down on the amplifier's peak gain of 6 dB. A characteristic feature of this switch is its large terminal mismatches when in its off state. Use has been made of these to recover part of the 3 dB division (or recombination) loss inherent in the type of switched path phase shifter used in this work. The paths that are being switched are the outputs of phase splitting networks and power dividers. A divider has been developed for use with these switches and utilises the broadband coupling properties of slotline to microstrip transitions. This phase shifter has a bandwidth of 1.4 GHz which is determined mainly by the network matching of the two devices. The phase error is less than 6 degrees in this bandwidth and phase transition times of less than 1 nS have been determined by spectrum analysis.
The Socio-Economic Impact of Commune Programs in Ethiopia: The Case of Gambella Regional State
Creators: name: File, Belay
name: Amega, Aklilu
name: Minota, Zekarias
Publisher: name: African Journal of Leadership and Development
Year: 2016

description: The government of Ethiopia has been executing a number of development programs under the umbrella of a medium term strategy called Growth and Transformation Plan geared towards transforming the economy towards an industry led one. Development of pastoralist and semi-pastoral areas is one of the key elements of the agriculture sector under this pillar. It has been emphasized that unlocking the potential of these fertile but remote and underdeveloped areas in the country could add up to enhanced production and productivity in the agriculture sector. However, with a scattered settlement and poor living conditions transforming the pastoralist and semi-pastoralists would proof difficult. Villagization program is assumed to remedy this problem. The study was aimed to understand the socio-economic impact of such a program through impact evaluation methodology. A quasi-experimental design approach (specifically the propensity score matching method) has been used to analyze the impact of the program on the socio-economic conditions of the settlers. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample of 120 program participants and 120 non-participants. Results of the study reveal that villagization has a positive impact on the income of participants, access to services and enhancing consumption. This was significant for income and access to service outcome variables. As revealed by average treatment effect of treated (ATT) estimation, the mean difference of annual income of participants and non-participants vary by about 12,000 birr, which is indeed a significant figure, and justifies the program intervention. Participants have also enjoyed a higher probability (at least 32% higher chance) of accessing infrastructure and services, compared to non-participants.
description: African Journal of Leadership and Development, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Public Sector Reform Leadership
Non-destructive detection of ions using atom-cavity collective strong coupling
Creators: name: Dutta, Sourav
name: Rangwala, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a technique, based on atoms coupled to an optical cavity, for non-destructive detection of trapped ions. We demonstrate the vacuum-Rabi splitting (VRS), arising due to the collective strong coupling of ultracold Rb atoms to a cavity, to change in presence of trapped Rb+ ions. The Rb+ ions are optically dark and the Rb atoms are prepared in a dark magneto-optical trap (MOT). The VRS is measured on an optically open transition of the initially dark Rb atoms. The measurement itself is fast, non-destructive and has sufficient fidelity to permit the measurement of atomic-state selective ion-atom collision rate. This demonstration illustrates a method based on atom-cavity coupling to measure two particle interactions generically and non-destructively.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
title: Autonomy Reconsidered: Conceptualising a Phenomenon on the Verges of Self-Government and Self-Governance
title: Was ist Autonomie? Konzeptualisierung eines Phänomens zwischen Selbstregierung und Selbstregelung
Creators: name: Stanka, Hans
Publisher: name: Universität Würzburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 320 Politikwissenschaft

description: LoSAM Working Papers; 8
Analytical On-shell Calculation of Low Energy Higher Order Scattering
Creators: name: Holstein, Barry R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the use of analytical on-shell methods involving calculation of the discontinuity across the t-channel cut associated with the exchange of a pair of massless particles (photons or gravitons) can be used to evaluate one-loop contributions to electromagnetic and gravitational scattering, with and without polarizability, reproducing via simple algebraic manipulations, results obtained previously, generally using Feynman diagram techniques. In the gravitational case the use of factorization permits a straightforward and algebraic calculation of higher order scattering without consideration of ghost contributions or of triple-graviton couplings, which made previous evaluations considerably more arduous.
description: 16 pages
Generation and protection of Maximally Entangled State between many modes in an optical network with dissipation
Creators: name: Coto, Raul
name: Orszag, Miguel
name: Eremeev, Vitalie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a three-cavity network model with two modes in each cavity and a non-linear medium that generates a Kerr type interaction via both self-phase and cross-phase modulation processes. We have two main goals. The first one is to generate a multipartite Maximally Entangled State (MES), starting from the ground state of the system. We address the problem both without and with dissipation. Secondly, we want to protect the MES from decoherence. While studying the MES, we analyze different bipartite and multipartite entanglement measures. We also study the effect of an Avoided Level Crossing (ALC) identified by the critical behavior of the entanglement measures, thus showing that the quantum correlations act as a witness for such phenomena. Our findings provide the quantum tools to perform the operation of generation and protection of a maximally entangled state in a cavity QED environment.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Lectures on Inflation
Creators: name: Senatore, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planning to explore the beginning of the Universe? A lightweight introductory guide to the theory of Inflation.
description: 87 pages, 29 figures
Dynamics of 3D isolated thermal filaments
Creators: name: Walkden, N. R.
name: Easy, L.
name: Militello, F.
name: Omotani, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations have been carried out to establish how electron thermal physics, introduced in the form of a dynamic electron temperature, affects isolated filament motion and dynamics in 3D. It is found that thermal effects impact filament motion in two major ways when the filament has a significant temperature perturbation compared to its density perturbation: They lead to a strong increase in filament propagation in the bi-normal direction and a significant decrease in net radial propagation. Both effects arise from the temperature dependence of the sheath current which leads to a non-uniform floating potential, with the latter effect supplemented by faster pressure loss. The reduction in radial velocity can only occur when the filament cross-section loses angular symmetry. The behaviour is observed across different filament sizes and suggests that filaments with much larger temperature perturbations than density perturbations are more strongly confined to the near SOL region.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article submitted for publication in Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. IoP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it
Experimental Quantum Randomness Processing
Creators: name: Yuan, Xiao
name: Liu, Ke
name: Xu, Yuan
name: Wang, Weiting
name: Ma, Yuwei
name: Zhang, Fang
name: Yan, Zhaopeng
name: Vijay, R.
name: Sun, Luyan
name: Ma, Xiongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherently manipulating multipartite quantum correlations leads to remarkable advantages in quantum information processing. A fundamental question is whether such quantum advantages persist only by exploiting multipartite correlations, such as entanglement. Recently, Dale, Jennings, and Rudolph negated the question by showing that a randomness processing, quantum Bernoulli factory, using quantum coherence, is strictly more powerful than the one with classical mechanics. In this Letter, focusing on the same scenario, we propose a theoretical protocol that is classically impossible but can be implemented solely using quantum coherence without entanglement. We demonstrate the protocol by exploiting the high-fidelity quantum state preparation and measurement with a superconducting qubit in the circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture and a nearly quantum-limited parametric amplifier. Our experiment shows the advantage of using quantum coherence of a single qubit for information processing even when multipartite correlation is not present.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Very Massive Tracers and Higher Derivative Biases
Creators: name: Fujita, Tomohiro
name: Mauerhofer, Valentin
name: Senatore, Leonardo
name: Vlah, Zvonimir
name: Angulo, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most of the upcoming cosmological information will come from analyzing the clustering of the Large Scale Structures (LSS) of the universe through LSS or CMB observations. It is therefore essential to be able to understand their behavior with exquisite precision. The Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures (EFTofLSS) provides a consistent framework to make predictions for LSS observables in the mildly non-linear regime. In this paper we focus on biased tracers. We argue that in calculations at a given order in the dark matter perturbations, highly biased tracers will underperform because of their larger higher derivative biases. A natural prediction of the EFTofLSS is therefore that by simply adding higher derivative biases, all tracers should perform comparably well. We implement this prediction for the halo-halo and the halo-matter power spectra at one loop, and the halo-halo-halo, halo-halo-matter, and halo-matter-matter bispectra at tree-level, and compare with simulations. We find good agreement with the prediction: for all tracers, we are able to match the bispectra up to $k\simeq0.17\,h/$Mpc at $z=0$ and the power spectra to a higher wavenumber.
description: 39 pages, 8 figures
The Implementation of Human Resource Management Reform Program and Practices of Professionalism in Selected Cities in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Kacho, Bersisa
name: Zeleke, Terefe
name: Gebremedhin, Goitom
Publisher: name: African Journal of Leadership and Development
Year: 2016

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of human resource management reform sub-program and practices of professionalism in the civil service institutions of selected five cities in Ethiopia. Data for the study were collected from 498 civil servants selected by employing simple random sampling and analyzed featuring thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. The study revealed that implementation of the components of HRM reform varies across the sampled cities. Mekelle and Hawassa cities are relatively in a better position followed by Adama and Harar cities. However, Asossa city is far from implementing the HRM reform sub-program. On top of this, components of the reform such as human resource planning, performance appraisal, recruitment and selection, remuneration and benefit packages have not been successfully implemented. Concerning the practices of professionalism, some improvements have been found in some areas such as competency of the civil servants, ethics and courtesy as well as compliance with the civil service law. However, a high level of affiliation of the civil servants with the ruling party together with political interference in the promotion, recruitment and selection of civil servants have been identified in this study. Therefore, it is recommended that the national, regional and local governments of Ethiopia should limit politicization of the civil service and show its genuine commitment for the implementation and enhancement of merit system and neutrality. Furthermore, the government needs to reconsider the threshold of tax exemption and to undertake family budget survey for decisions on the civil servants’ salary scale.
description: African Journal of Leadership and Development, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016): Public Sector Reform Leadership
title: Essays on corporate governance
Creators: name: Zhao, Yiqing
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2023

description: This thesis revolves around the topic of corporate governance. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the research topics. Chapter 2 examines the relationship between CEOs’ generalist and specialist managerial skills and future stock price crash risk. Using nearly 20,000 firm-year observations across North American firms from 1995 to 2015, we find weak evidence that generalist CEOs are positively associated with future stock price crash risk. We conjecture that this may be the case because generalist CEOs frequently change jobs and are less engaged with their current position. Chapter 3 studies the importance of effective board governance and presents some empirical evidence that board monitoring quality is negatively associated with future stock price crash risk. The empirical tests use more than 3,000 firm-year observations from North American firms from 2009 to 2020. The chapter includes some CEO characteristics that can potentially change the politics and dynamics of the board and thus affect the monitoring quality over time. The conclusion remains with the inclusion of these variables and finds that boards that offer high monitoring quality can help prevent extreme consequences. The research provides an alternative view of the motivation of directors and offers suggestions on how to improve board governance. Chapter 4 summarizes the conclusions of the study.
Insulating phase at low temperature in ultrathin La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 films
Creators: name: Feng, Yaqing
name: Jin, Kui-juan
name: Gu, Lin
name: He, Xu
name: Ge, Chen
name: Zhang, Qing-hua
name: He, Min
name: Guo, Qin-lin
name: Wan, Qian
name: He, Meng
name: Lu, Hui-bin
name: Yang, Guozhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metal-insulator transition is observed in the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 thin films with thickness larger than 5 unit cells. Insulating phase at lower temperature appeared in the ultrathin films with thickness ranging from 6 unit cells to 10 unit cells and it is found that the Mott variable range hopping conduction dominates in this insulating phase at low temperature with a decrease of localization length in thinner films. A deficiency of oxygen content and a resulted decrease of the Mn valence have been observed in the ultrathin films with thickness smaller than or equal to 10 unit cells by studying the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy of the films. These results suggest that the existence of the oxygen vacancies in thinner films suppresses the double-exchange mechanism and contributes to the enhancement of disorder, leading to a decrease of the Curie temperature and the low temperature insulating phase in the ultrathin films. In addition, the suppression of the magnetic properties in thinner films indicates stronger disorder of magnetic moments, which is considered to be the reason for this decrease of the localization length.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Increasing efficiency of a wireless energy transfer system by spatial translational transformation
Creators: name: Li, Shichao
name: Sun, Fei
name: An, Di
name: He, Sailing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An optical translational projector (OTP) designed by transformation optics is applied to improve the energy transfer efficiency in a wireless energy transfer (WET) system. Numerical simulation results show our OTP can greatly enhance the energy transfer efficiency (e.g. nearly 2 orders, compared to the case without our OTP) in WET systems, which is much larger than previous methods (e.g. magnetic super-lens). A 3D reduced OTP composed by layered isotropic magnetic materials is designed, whose performance has been verified by 3D numerical simulations in 10MHz. We also study the influence of loss of metamaterials on the performance of proposed OTP.
$C_p$ criterion for semiparametric approach in causal inference
Creators: name: Baba, Takamichi
name: Ninomiya, Yoshiyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For marginal structural models, which recently play an important role in causal inference, we consider a model selection problem in the framework of a semiparametric approach using inverse-probability-weighted estimation or doubly robust estimation. In this framework, the modeling target is a potential outcome which may be a missing value, and so we cannot apply the AIC nor its extended version to this problem. In other words, there is no analytical information criterion obtained according to its classical derivation for this problem. Hence, we define a mean squared error appropriate for treating the potential outcome, and then we derive its asymptotic unbiased estimator as a $C_{p}$ criterion from an asymptotics for the semiparametric approach and using an ignorable treatment assignment condition. In simulation study, it is shown that the proposed criterion exceeds a conventionally derived existing criterion in the squared error and model selection frequency. Specifically, in all simulation settings, the proposed criterion provides clearly smaller squared errors and higher frequencies selecting the true or nearly true model. Moreover, in real data analysis, we check that there is a clear difference between the selections by the two criteria.
Interferometry and Holography With Diode Laser Light
Creators: name: Lunazzi, Jose Joaquin
name: Moreira, Wendel Lopes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We made an interferometric Michelson type setup and a simple holographic setup to demonstrate the feasibility of interferometric and holographic techniques by means of a diode laser. The laser was made by using a common diode available as a penlight element (less than R$ 15,00 value) and a simple stabilized 110 VCA- 3 VCC power supply. Interference fringes and holograms of small objects where obtained very similar to those of a helium-neon laser based setup.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, Conference
R analysis scripts -- Arthritis in the USA: a longitudinal analysis of three nationally representative studies
Creators: name: Ioannides, Anne
name: Wadley, Antonia
name: Kamerman, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Arthritis
Joint pain
Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

description: Analysis scripts, including code for downloading and cleaning the data, for the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The scripts analyse data on arthritis (BRFSS and NHANES) and joint pain (NHIS) for the period 1999/2000 to 2020.
description: The scripts were run in > v3.3 of R.
An Asymptotic Preserving method for strongly anisotropic diffusion equations based on field line integration
Creators: name: Tang, Min
name: Wang, Yihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In magnetized plasma, the magnetic field confines the particles around the field lines. The anisotropy intensity in the viscosity and heat conduction may reach the order of $10^{12}$. When the boundary conditions are periodic or Neumann, the strong diffusion leads to an ill-posed limiting problem. To remove the ill-conditionedness in the highly anisotropic diffusion equations, we introduce a simple but very efficient asymptotic preserving reformulation in this paper. The key idea is that, instead of discretizing the Neumann boundary conditions locally, we replace one of the Neumann boundary condition by the integration of the original problem along the field line, the singular $1/ε$ terms can be replaced by $O(1)$ terms after the integration, so that yields a well-posed problem. Small modifications to the original code are required and no change of coordinates nor mesh adaptation are needed. Uniform convergence with respect to the anisotropy strength $1/ε$ can be observed numerically and the condition number does not scale with the anisotropy.
Thermoelectric Effects and Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Xu, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of topological insulator (TI) offers new opportunities for the development of thermoelectrics, because many TIs (like Bi$_2$Te$_3$) are excellent thermoelectric (TE) materials. In this review, we will first describe the general TE properties of TIs and show that the coexistence of the bulk and boundary states in TIs introduces unusual TE properties, including strong size effects and anomalous Seebeck effect. Importantly, the TE figure of merit $zT$ of TIs is no longer an intrinsic property, but depends strongly on the geometric size. The geometric parameters of two-dimensional TIs can be tuned to enhance $zT$ to be significantly greater than 1. Then a few proof-of-principle experiments on three-dimensional TIs will be discussed, which observed unconventional TE phenomena that are closely related to the topological nature of the materials. However, current experiments indicate that the metallic surface states, if their advantage of high mobility is not fully utilized, would be detrimental to TE performance. Finally we provide an outlook for future work on topological materials, which offers great possibilities to discover exotic TE effects and may lead to significant breakthroughs in improving $zT$.
title: Common Raven Nesting and Spatial Distancing on Power Lines in Southeast Idaho, USA
Creators: name: Shurtliff, Quinn R.
name: Whiting, Jericho C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2021

description: Common raven (Corvus corax; raven) abundance and distribution have increased in western North America in recent decades, facilitated by anthropogenic subsidies and other environmental changes. Electrical power transmission line structures provide nesting substrates for ravens. When these structures transect landscapes where natural nest substrates are limited, they may facilitate raven predation on eggs and juveniles of sensitive avian and reptile species. Little information is available regarding raven nest density trends on adjacent power lines or how raven territorial behavior influences spatial partitioning of nests, and hence, nest density. This knowledge would be valuable for managers of sensitive prey species who may be considering if interventions to reduce nesting are warranted. During 2014–2020, we conducted annual, repeated surveys for raven and buteo hawk nests along 272 km of electrical power transmission lines (69–233 kV) and 37 km of electrical distribution lines (12.5–13.8 kV) within a sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystem of southeastern Idaho, USA. Our objectives were to document annual raven nest trends on power lines and investigate spatial distancing between nests of conspecific ravens and those of ravens and raptors. We hypothesized that territorial raven pairs would maintain similar minimum distances between nearest-neighbor conspecific and raptor nests, as was observed in a study in western Idaho. Across the 7-year study, the number of occupied raven nests remained relatively stable (x̅ = 26.7, SD = 5.3, range = 20–30), and an assessment of past research on our site suggests this plateau in power line nesting occurred following increases during the past 2 or 3 decades. Occupied raven nests were never closer than 1,033 m (annual minimum distance ranged from 1,033–2,054 m), but raven nests and buteo hawk nests were occasionally as close as 200–500 m. Forty-three percent of ravens whose nearest nest was occupied by a ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) or red-tailed hawk (B. jamaicensis) pair werediffered, suggesting raven breeding pairs were less tolerant of conspecific pairs than they were of raptor pairs. Our study provides a method for monitoring raven nesting on power lines in semi-arid regions of western North America and an additional monitoring strategy to complement the more widely used point-count surveys to sample breeding and nonbreeding ravens.
Exploring the anti-corrosion properties of graphene coatings on electrolytic cells : an experimental investigation for enhancing fuel cell durability
Creators: name: Kim, Paul Dongwon
name: 0009-0008-5269-6413
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Electrolytic cell
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Corrosion
Graphene
Coating

description: This study investigates the anti-corrosion potential of graphene coating in electrolytic cells, with the primary objective of improving the longevity and durability of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). Corrosion of bipolar plates poses a big challenge for PEMFCs, resulting in adverse effects on their durability and overall performance. In this study, the effectiveness of graphene as a protective coating for copper-based electrolytic cells is assessed , which serves as a model system to study the change in corrosion behavior with graphene coatings. Initially, a brief fundamental of PEMFCs including the basic operating principles and corrosion-related issues is described. Then, graphene’s material properties and production methods are explored to discuss its potential for mass production and application. Due to graphene’s unique material characteristics, it is suggested that graphene makes it an ideal candidate for coating applications in systems such as PEMFCs. Next, experimentations that involve application of graphene coatings on copper-based electrolytic cells are conducted, and the results are evaluated both visually and quantitatively to observe the coating’s performance in mitigating corrosion and compare the corrosion results of coated samples with those of uncoated control samples to determine the efficacy of the coatings. While the findings of this research provide valuable insights into the potential applications of graphene coatings for corrosion protection, it also highlights the need for further investigation into this area of interest. Future studies are recommended to include a more robust testing framework with more variations of the operating configurations to allow comprehensive understanding of the coating’s effectiveness.
Notes from the Community of Practice meeting, Nairobi, 9-10 May 2023
Creators: name: Action, Jameel Observatory For Food Security Early
Publisher: name: University of Edinburgh Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security
Year: 2023
Subjects: drylands
climate change
pastoralism

description: These notes are compiled as a summary record of the key discussion points and participants involved. They do not capture all the detail discussed in groups and during the policy session.
description: Notes from the second face to face meeting of our community of practice in Nairobi to discuss research progress, plan the future research work and have related discussions on the topic of food and nutrition security in the face of climate change in East African drylands.
Equation of state effects and one-arm spiral instability in hypermassive neutron stars formed in eccentric neutron star mergers
Creators: name: East, William E.
name: Paschalidis, Vasileios
name: Pretorius, Frans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue our investigations of the development and importance of the one-arm spiral instability in long-lived hypermassive neutron stars (HMNSs) formed in dynamical capture binary neutron star mergers. Employing hydrodynamic simulations in full general relativity, we find that the one-arm instability is generic in that it can develop in HMNSs within a few tens of milliseconds after merger for all equations of state in our survey. We find that mergers with stiffer equations of state tend to produce HMNSs with stronger $m=2$ azimuthal mode density deformations, and weaker $m=1$ components, relative to softer equations of state. We also find that for equations of state that can give rise to double-core HMNSs, large $m=1$ density modes can already be present due to asymmetries in the two cores. This results in the generation of $l=2$, $m=1$ gravitational wave modes even before the dominance of a one-arm mode that ultimately arises following merger of the two cores. Our results further suggest that stiffer equations of state give rise to HMNSs generating lower $m=1$ gravitational wave frequencies. Thus, if gravitational waves from the one-arm instability are detected, they could in principle constrain the neutron star equation of state. We estimate that, depending on the equation of state, the one-arm mode could potentially be detectable by second generation gravitational wave detectors at $\sim 10$ Mpc and by third generation ones at $\sim 100$ Mpc. Finally, we provide estimates of the properties of dynamical ejecta, as well as the accompanying kilonovae signatures.
Space-Like Particle Production: an Interpretation Based on the Majorana Equation
Creators: name: Nanni, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study reconsiders the decay of an ordinary particle in bradyons, tachyons and luxons in the field of the relativistic quantum mechanics. Lemke already investigated this from the perspective of covariant kinematics. Since the decay involves both spacelike and timelike particles, the study uses the Majorana equation for particles with an arbitrary spin. The equation describes the tachyonic and bradyonic realms of massive particles, and approaches the problem of how spacelike particles might develop. This method confirms the kinematic constraints that Lemke theory provided and proves that some possible decays are more favourable than others are.
description: 9 pages
Red Giant Clump in the Tycho-2 Catalogue
Creators: name: Gontcharov, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Tycho-2 proper motions and Tycho-2 and 2MASS photometry are used to select 97348 red giant clump (RGC) stars. The interstellar extinction and photometric distance are calculated for each of the stars. The selected stars are shown to form a selection-unbiased sample of RGC stars within about 350 pc of the Sun with the addition of more distant stars. The distribution of the selected stars in space and their motion are consistent with the assumption that the RGC contains Galactic disk stars with various ages and metallicities, including a significant fraction of stars younger than 1 Gyr with masses of more than 2 $M_{\odot}$. These young stars show differences of their statistical characteristics from those of older RGC stars, including differences in the variations of their distribution density with distance from the Galactic plane and in the dispersion of their velocities found using radial velocities and proper motions. The Sun has been found to rise above the Galactic plane by $13\pm1$ pc. The distribution density of the stars under consideration in space is probably determined by the Local Spiral Arm and the distribution of absorbing matter in the plane of the Gould Belt.
description: 7 figures
Transport and entry of plasma clouds/jets across transverse magnetic discontinuities: Three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations
Creators: name: Voitcu, Gabriel
name: Echim, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we use three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the interaction of a small-Larmor radius plasma cloud/jet with a transverse non-uniform magnetic field typical to a tangential discontinuity in a parallel geometry. The simulation setup corresponds to an idealized, yet relevant, magnetospheric configuration likely to be observed at the magnetopause during northward orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field. The numerical simulations are adapted to study the kinetic effects and their role on the transport and entry of localized plasma jets similar to those identified inside the Earth's magnetosheath propagating towards the magnetopause. The simulations reveal the formation of a polarization electric field inside the main bulk of the plasma cloud that enables its forward transport and entry across the transverse magnetic field. The jet is able to penetrate the transition region when the height of the magnetic barrier does not exceed a certain critical threshold. Otherwise, the forward transport along the injection direction is stopped before full penetration of the magnetopause. Moreover, the jet is pushed back and simultaneously deflected in the perpendicular plane to the magnetic field. Our simulations evidence physical processes advocated previously by the theoretical model of impulsive penetration and revealed in laboratory experiments.
description: Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 121, 2016
What Does It Take To Achieve Successful Civil Service Reform Implementation? A Review of Relevant Empirical Studies
Creators: name: Hagos, Abraham
name: Negash, Worku
Publisher: name: African Journal of Leadership and Development
Year: 2017

description: This paper reviewed relevant empirical studies on civil service reform, its implementation, as well as management in the case of public sector organizations. The finding indicates that, civil service reform implementation can be generally determined by four major areas: civil service reform design process, internal organizational factors, change management, and politico-administrative context. However, civil service reform studies, as reviewed in this paper, were dominated by qualitative and anecdotal analysis and thus lacked quantitative rigor. Literature on reform in the case of Ethiopia was underdeveloped and empirical facts were not established. Investigations on politico-administrative factors as well as issues of reform management were inadequate. Future research endeavor (including in Ethiopia) should focus on: quantitative studies, developing analytical tools for reform evaluation and analysis, further investigation on the effect of politico-administrative context has on reform design and implementation, and explore reform management.
description: African Journal of Leadership and Development, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017): Public Sector Reform and Development
Gaia Parallax Zero Point From RR Lyrae Stars
Creators: name: Gould, Andrew
name: Kollmeier, Juna A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Like Hipparcos, Gaia is designed to give absolute parallaxes, independent of any astrophysical reference system. And indeed, Gaia's internal zero-point error for parallaxes is likely to be smaller than any individual parallax error. Nevertheless, due in part to mechanical issues of unknown origin, there are many astrophysical questions for which the parallax zero-point error $σ(π_0)$ will be the fundamentally limiting constraint. These include the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Galactic Center. We show that by using the photometric parallax estimates for RR Lyrae stars (RRL) within 8kpc, via the ultra-precise infrared period-luminosity relation, one can independently determine a hyper-precise value for $π_{0}$. Despite their paucity relative to bright quasars, we show that RRL are competitive due to their order-of-magnitude improved parallax precision for each individual object relative to bright quasars. We show that this method is mathematically robust and well-approximated by analytic formulae over a wide range of relevant distances.
description: 5 pages, 1 Figure, submitted to JKAS
Three-body model for the two-neutron decay of $^{16}$Be
Creators: name: Lovell, A. E.
name: Nunes, F. M.
name: Thompson, I. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While diproton decay was first theorized in 1960 and first measured in 2002, it was first observed only in 2012. The measurement of $^{14}$Be in coincidence with two neutrons suggests that $^{16}$Be does decay through the simultaneous emission of two strongly correlated neutrons. In this work, we construct a full three-body model of $^{16}$Be (as $^{14}$Be + n + n) in order to investigate its configuration in the continuum and in particular the structure of its ground state. In order to describe the three-body system, effective n-$^{14}$Be potentials were constructed, constrained by the experimental information on $^{15}$Be. The hyperspherical R-matrix method was used to solve the three-body scattering problem, and the resonance energy of $^{16}$Be was extracted from a phase shift analysis. In order to reproduce the experimental resonance energy of $^{16}$Be within this three-body model, a three-body interaction was needed. For extracting the width of the ground state of $^{16}$Be, we use the full width at half maximum of the derivative of the three-body phase shifts and the width of the three-body elastic scattering cross section. Our results confirm a dineutron structure for $^{16}$Be, dependent on the internal structure of the subsystem $^{15}$Be.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Traveling Zoos as Knowledge Mediators?
Creators: name: Andersen, Eva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: history of knowledge
forains
menageries
funfairs
science

description: Traveling zoos were a common and very popular form of entertainment in the long nineteenth century. Also known as menageries, they were large companies that moved around with various exotic wild species such as lions, tigers, and elephants. For young and old alike, it was often the first and only time they got to see these impressive quadrupeds. Even though they were considered mainly a form of traveling entertainment at funfairs, I will show that itinerant zoos were also an important hub for the circulation of various forms of knowledge.