cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Heterogeneous Beliefs and Housing-Market Boom-Bust Cycles in a Small Open Economy
Creators: name: Tomura, Hajime
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2009

description: This paper introduces heterogeneous beliefs among households in a small open economy model for the Canadian economy. The model suggests that simultaneous boom-bust cycles in house prices, output, investment, consumption and hours worked emerge when credit-constrained mortgage borrowers expect that future house prices will rise and this expectation is neither shared by savers nor realized ex-post. With sticky prices and a standard monetary policy rule, the model shows that the nominal policy interest rate and the CPI inflation rate decline during housing booms and rise as house prices fall. These results replicate the stylized features of housing-market boom-bust cycles in industrialized countries. Policy experiments demonstrate that stronger policy responses to inflation amplify housing-market boom-bust cycles. Also, higher loan-to-value ratios amplify housing-market boom-bust cycles by encouraging speculative housing investments by mortgage borrowers during housing booms and increasing liquidation of housing collateral during housing busts.
description: L'auteur présente un modèle de petite économie ouverte pour le Canada dans lequel les croyances des ménages sont hétérogènes. Selon le modèle, des cycles simultanés d'envolée et d'effondrement des prix de l'immobilier résidentiel, de la production, de l'investissement, de la consommation et du nombre d'heures travaillées pourraient émerger si les emprunteurs hypothécaires ayant un accès limité au crédit s'attendent à une hausse des prix des maisons mais que ces attentes ne sont pas partagées par les épargnants et sont déçues par la suite. Le modèle montre qu'en présence de prix rigides et d'une règle standard de politique monétaire, le taux d'intérêt directeur nominal et le taux d'augmentation de l'indice des prix à la consommation diminuent durant un boom immobilier et augmentent lorsque les prix des maisons tombent. Ces résultats cadrent avec les grands traits des cycles d'essor et de contraction du marché du logement dans les pays industrialisés. D'après les simulations réalisées, une réaction plus vigoureuse de la politique monétaire face à l'inflation amplifie ces cycles. Un rapport prêt-valeur élevé les accentue aussi en incitant les emprunteurs hypothécaires à effectuer des investissements spéculatifs sur le marché du logement pendant le boom, de sorte que, quand elle se produit, la chute des prix des maisons entraîne une hausse des liquidations de garanties immobilières.
Canonical Formalism for Lagrangians of Maximal Nonlocality
Creators: name: Chen, Hanghui
name: Zheng, H. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A canonical formalism for Lagrangians of maximal nonlocality is established. The method is based on the familiar Legendre transformation to a new function which can be derived from the maximally nonlocal Lagrangian. The corresponding canonical equations are derived through the standard procedure in local theory and appear much like those local ones, though the implication of the equations is largely expanded.
description: 17 pages with 1 eps figure
Nonlinear matter terms in general scalar-tensor braneworld cosmology
Creators: name: Pardede, Kevin F. S.
name: Suroso, Agus
name: Zen, Freddy P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A five dimensional braneworld cosmological model in general scalar-tensor action comprises of various Horndeski Lagrangian is considered. The Friedmann equations in the case of the strongly and weakly coupled $\mathcal{L}_5$ Horndeski Lagrangian have been obtained. The strongly coupled $\mathcal{L}_5$ model produces the Cardassian term $ρ^n$ with $n=\pm 1/2$, which can served as alternative explanation for the accelerated expansion phase of the universe. Furthermore, the latest combined observational facts from BAO, CMB, SNIa, $f_{σ_8}$, and $H_0$ value observation suggest that the $n=-1/2$ term lies quite close to the constrained value. On the other hand, the weakly coupled $\mathcal{L}_5$ case has several new correction terms which are omitted in the braneworld Einstein-Hilbert model, e.g. the cubic $ρ^3$ and the dark radiation-matter interaction term $ χa^{-4}ρ$. Furthermore, this model provides a cosmological constant constructed from the bulk scalar field, requires no brane tension, and supports the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraint naturally.
Probing the Edge of the Solar System: Formation of an Unstable Jet-Sheet
Creators: name: Opher, M.
name: Liewer, P. C.
name: Gombosi, T. I.
name: Manchester, W.
name: DeZeeuw, D. L.
name: Sokolov, I.
name: Toth, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Voyager spacecraft is now approaching the edge of the solar system. Near the boundary between the solar system and the interstellar medium we find that an unstable ``jet-sheet'' forms. The jet-sheet oscillates up and down due to a velocity shear instability. This result is due to a novel application of a state-of-art 3D Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code with a highly refined grid. We assume as a first approximation that the solar magnetic and rotation axes are aligned. The effect of a tilt of the magnetic axis with respect to the rotation axis remains to be seen. We include in the model self-consistently magnetic field effects in the interaction between the solar and interstellar winds. Previous studies of this interaction had poorer spatial resolution and did not include the solar magnetic field. This instability can affect the entry of energetic particles into the solar system and the intermixing of solar and interstellar material. The same effect found here is predicted for the interaction of rotating magnetized stars possessing supersonic winds and moving with respect to the interstellar medium, such as O stars.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Accumulated exposure to high non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive individuals: An 11-year prospective cohort study
Creators: name: Wu, Weiqiang
name: Chen, Yanjuan
name: Wu, Kuangyi
name: Zheng, Huancong
name: Chen, Guanzhi
name: Wang, Xianxuan
name: Huang, Zegui
name: Cai, Zefeng
name: Cai, Zhiwei
name: Chen, Zhichao
name: Lan, Yulong
name: Chen, Shuohua
name: Wu, Shouling
name: Chen, Youren
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The relationship of cumulative non high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (Cum-non-HDL-C) concentration with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with hypertension remains unclear. In total 27 234 participants for whom three consecutive total cholesterol and HDL-C concentrations were available, and who did not have CVD, comprising 13 617 with hypertension and 13 617 without from 2006 to 2010. Participants were placed into four groups according to Cum-non-HDL-C. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relationship between Cum-non-HDL-C and the risk of CVD. Over a median 11 years, 1,298 participants with hypertension developed CVD. After adjustment for multiple potential confounding factors, compared with participants with hypertension and Cum-non-HDL-C < 130 mg/dl, the fully adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of CVD associated with Cum-non-HDL-C values of 130–159 mg/dl, 160–189 mg/dl, and ≥ 190 mg/dl were 1.23 (1.01, 1.34), 1.27 (1.04, 1.56), and 1.51 (1.13, 2.01), respectively. Compared with participants without hypertension and a Cum-non-HDL-C < 130 mg/dl, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the participants with hypertension and Cum-non-HDL-Cs < 130 mg/dl, 130–159 mg/dl, 160–189 mg/dl, and ≥ 190 mg/dl were 1.84 (1.55, 2.18), 2.16 (1.81, 2.59), 2.17 (1.73, 2.70), and 2.45 (1.12, 3.29), respectively. A consistently high non-HDL-C concentration increases the risk of CVD in individuals with hypertension, as does prolonged exposure to a high non-HDL-C concentration. Thus, the achievement of target blood pressure and non-HDL-C concentrations should help reduce the risk of CVD in individuals with hypertension.
Temporal super-resolution imaging inspired by structured illumination microscopy
Creators: name: Shateri, Farshid
name: Hosseinalizadeh, Mehdi
name: Kavehvash, Zahra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a method for increasing the temporal resolution of a temporal imaging system has been developed. Analogously to the conventional spatial imaging systems in which resolution limit is due to the finite aperture of the lens, in a temporal imaging system, finite temporal aperture of the time lens is responsible for limited temporal resolution. Based on the method used in spatial structured illumination super-resolution microscopy in spatial optics, we have utilized time prisms, which are temporal versions of conventional prisms, to shift the illusive frequency components of the input signal to become captured by the time lens. This method would pave the way to a high-resolution temporal imaging system which has applications in the observation and study of fast and rare phenomena such as dynamics and evolution of optical rogue waves or cancer cells in the blood.
MOESM1 of Budgeting of non-commercial clinical trials: development of a budget tool by a public funding agency
Creators: name: Nevens, Hilde
name: Harrison, Jillian
name: Vrijens, France
name: Verleye, Leen
name: Stocquart, Nelle
name: Marynen, Elisabeth
name: Hulstaert, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Detailed example of the costs of a trial. Calculation of a study budget with separate columns detailing the costs per item, the margin and the overhead (if applicable).
title: Real Effects of Price Stability with Endogenous Nominal Indexation
Creators: name: Meh, Cesaire
name: Quadrini, Vincenzo
name: Terajima, Yaz
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2009

description: We study a model with repeated moral hazard where financial contracts are not fully indexed to inflation because nominal prices are observed with delay as in Jovanovic & Ueda (1997). More constrained firms sign contracts that are less indexed to the nominal price and, as a result, their investment is more sensitive to nominal price shocks. We also find that the overall degree of nominal indexation increases with the uncertainty of the price level. An implication of this is that economies with higher price-level uncertainty are less vulnerable to a price shock of a given magnitude, that is, aggregate investment and output respond to a lesser degree.
description: Les auteurs étudient un modèle qui se caractérise par un aléa moral répété du fait que le retard avec lequel les prix nominaux sont observés (hypothèse adoptée par Jovanovic et Ueda, 1997) empêche la pleine indexation des contrats financiers. Les entreprises qui subissent davantage de contraintes passent des contrats dont l'indexation est plus faible. Leurs investissements sont donc plus sensibles aux variations inattendues des prix nominaux. Les auteurs constatent également que le degré d'indexation total s'accroît avec l'incertitude du niveau des prix. Il s'ensuit que les économies où cette incertitude est plus forte sont moins vulnérables à un choc de prix d'ampleur donnée; autrement dit, l'investissement et la production (à l'échelle de l'économie) y réagissent moins.
Hole-Doping Effects on a Two-dimensional Kondo Insulator
Creators: name: Saito, Y.
name: Koga, A.
name: Kawakami, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of hole doping on the two-dimensional Heisenberg-Kondo model around the quantum critical point, where the spin liquid phase (Kondo insulator) and the magnetically ordered phase are separated via a second-order phase transition. By means of the self-consistent Born approximation within the bond operator formalism as well as the standard spin wave theory, we discuss dynamical properties of a doped hole. It is clarified that a quasi-particle state stabilized in the spin liquid phase is gradually obscured as the system approaches the quantum critical point. This is also the case for the magnetically ordered phase. We argue the similarity and the difference between these two cases.
description: 8 pages, 14 figures
Bondi Accretion and the Problem of the Missing Isolated Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Perna, Rosalba
name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: Rybicki, George
name: Stella, Luigi
name: Treves, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large number of neutron stars (NSs), ~10^9, populate the Galaxy, but only a tiny fraction of them is observable during the short radio pulsar lifetime. The majority of these isolated NSs, too cold to be detectable by their own thermal emission, should be visible in X-rays as a result of accretion from the interstellar medium. The ROSAT all sky survey has however shown that such accreting isolated NSs are very elusive: only a few tentative candidates have been identified, contrary to theoretical predictions that up to several thousands should be seen. We suggest that the fundamental reason for this discrepancy lies in the use of the standard Bondi formula to estimate the accretion rates. We compute the expected source counts using updated estimates of the pulsar velocity distribution, realistic hydrogen atmosphere spectra, and a modified expression for the Bondi accretion rate as suggested by recent MHD simulations, and supported by direct observations in the case of accretion around supermassive black holes in nearby galaxies and in our own. We find that, whereas the inclusion of atmospheric spectra partly compensates for the reduction in the counts due to the higher mean velocities of the new distribution, the modified Bondi formula dramatically suppresses the source counts. The new predictions are consistent with a null detection at the ROSAT sensitivity.
description: accepted to ApJ; 19 pages, 4 figures
title: Adopting Price-Level Targeting under Imperfect Credibility in ToTEM
Creators: name: Cateau, Gino
name: Kryvtsov, Oleksiy
name: Shukayev, Malik
name: Ueberfeldt, Alexander
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2009

description: Using the Bank of Canada's main projection and policy-analysis model, ToTEM, this paper measures the welfare gains of switching from inflation targeting to price-level targeting under imperfect credibility. Following the policy change, private agents assign a probability to the event that the policy-maker will revert to inflation-targeting next period. As this probability decreases and imperfect credibility abates, inflation expectations in the economy become consistent with price-level targeting. The paper finds a large welfare gain when imperfect credibility is short-lived. The gain becomes smaller with persisting imperfect credibility, turning to a loss if it lasts more than 13 years.
description: À l'aide de TOTEM, le principal modèle utilisé par la Banque du Canada pour l'élaboration de projections et l'analyse de politiques, les auteurs évaluent le gain de bien-être que procurerait l'adoption d'une cible fondée sur le niveau général des prix plutôt que sur le taux d'inflation en cas de crédibilité imparfaite. Une fois le nouveau régime en place, les agents privés assignent une probabilité à l'éventualité que les autorités rétablissent une cible d'inflation à la période suivante. À mesure que cette probabilité diminue et que la crédibilité de la banque centrale se renforce, les anticipations de taux d'inflation cadrent de plus en plus avec la poursuite d'une cible définie en fonction du niveau général des prix. Le gain de bien-être est considérable si le manque de crédibilité est de courte durée, mais il diminue si la banque centrale tarde à asseoir sa crédibilité et se transforme en perte si le manque de crédibilité persiste au-delà de treize ans.
Spillover and Competitive Effects of Advertising in the Carbonated Soft Drink Market
Creators: name: Lopez, Rigoberto
name: Liu, Yizao
name: Zhu, Chen
name: Lopez, Rigoberto
name: Liu, Yizao
name: Zhu, Chen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: advertising
subject: demand
subject: competition
subject: consumer behavior
subject: sodas
subject: carbonated soft drinks

description: This paper examines the spillover effects of television advertising on brand-level consumer demand for carbonated soft drinks (CSDs) and the competition consequences for manufacturers’ and private label CSDs. Using a random coefficients logit model (BLP) with household purchasing and advertising viewing data from five U.S. cities, we find that although brand advertising is important in increasing demand as previous work confirms, company advertising spillovers are nearly as important. Not surprisingly, advertising by competitors undermines demand for a particular manufacturer’s CSD brand but, surprisingly, there are positive spillover effects on the demand for private label brands. Further results show that eliminating all television advertising for CSDs would lower both brand and aggregate market shares (including private labels) as consumers migrate to other beverages. However, the dominant strategy is for leading companies to advertise to avoid losing revenues when competitors advertise or to increase revenues when they do not.
title: Simulations du ratio du service de la dette des consommateurs en utilisant des données micro
Creators: name: Djoudad, Ramdane
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2009

description: The author constructs a formal analytic framework to simulate the impact of various economic shocks on the household debt-service ratio, using data from the Canadian Financial Monitor (CFM) survey. The impact of these shocks on individual households depends on the socio-economic characteristics of the latter. The framework also allows consideration of both symmetric and asymmetric shocks to incomes. The author's work is original in several respects: it captures the heterogeneity of the impact of these shocks on households, it uses cross-sectional data to estimate credit-growth equations, and it determines household credit growth based on income, interest rates, and housing prices. To illustrate the usefulness of his approach, the author provides income, debt, and interest rate scenarios, and then simulates his model over twelve periods. This methodology can, of course, be used with other microdata.
description: Nous construisons un cadre d'analyse formel pour simuler l'impact de divers chocs économiques sur le ratio du service de la dette des ménages, en utilisant des données d'enquêtes provenant du Canadian Financial Monitor (CFM). L'amplitude de ces chocs sur chacun des ménages dépendra des caractéristiques socio-économiques de ces derniers. De plus, ce cadre nous permet de tenir compte de chocs aux revenus aussi bien symétriques qu'asymétriques. Notre travail est original à plus d'un titre car 1) il permet de tenir compte de l'hétérogénéité de l'impact de ces chocs sur les ménages; 2) il utilise des données en coupes transversales pour estimer des équations de croissance du crédit; enfin 3) il détermine la croissance du crédit par ménage en fonction du revenu, des taux d'intérêt et des prix de l'immobilier. Pour illustrer l'utilité de notre méthode, nous présentons deux scénarios de revenu, de dette et de taux d'intérêt, puis nous simulons notre modèle sur douze périodes. Cette méthodologie peut, bien sûr, être utilisée avec d'autres données micro.
MORFEO Calibration Unit: optimization of the performances for the final design
Creators: name: Di Antonio, Ivan
name: Di Rico, Gianluca
name: Rodeghiero, Gabriele
name: Valentini, Angelo
name: Dolci, Mauro
name: Di Francesco, Benedetta
Publisher: name: Proceedings of AO4ELT7 conference 2023 - Editors: Thierry Fusco and Benoit Neichel
Year: 2023
Subjects: ADAPTIVE OPTICS
CALIBRATION
BEAM SPLITTER
HOMOGENEITY
GHOSTS
STRAY LIGHT
GRAVITATIONAL DEFORMATIONS
FINITE ELEMENTS

description: The Calibration Unit of MORFEO, the Multi-conjugate adaptive Optics system of the Extremely Large Telescope, is a complex opto-mechanical subsystem used to project on the telescope focal planes a large number of high-quality light sources at different wavelengths, needed to run calibration, verification and test procedures on MORFEO. This subsystem will play a critical role not only during operations, but also during the Assembly, Integration and Test/Verification phase, both in Italy, when it will be used in Test Unit configuration, including a deformable mirror, and in Chile. This paper shows the progress in the re-design process started after the Preliminary Design Review, the performances improvement obtained from both the optical and mechanical points of view, and the path towards the Final Design.
How Effective is Public Policy in Decreasing Soda Consumption? An Assessment of Four Policy Options
Creators: name: Liu, Yizao
name: Lopez, Rigoberto
name: Zhu, Chen
name: Liu, Yizao
name: Lopez, Rigoberto
name: Zhu, Chen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: advertising
subject: demand
subject: policy
subject: taxes
subject: obesity
subject: consumer behavior
subject: sodas
subject: carbonated soft drinks

description: This paper examines the effectiveness of four policy options to decrease the consumption of carbonated soft drinks (CSDs). They are: (1) a soda tax (1 cent per ounce), (2) a ban on television advertising, (3) limiting calories to 100 per 12 oz volume; and (4) banning large containers such as the 2 lt. bottle. We apply the Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes (1995) demand model to data for 12 CSD brands in 3 container sizes over seven cities and 36 months to estimate consumers’ preferences for CSD. Limiting the size of containers (e.g., banning the 2 lt. bottle) was found to be the most effective policy option and a tax on calories was found to be the weakest in terms of effectiveness in decreasing the consumption of CSDs. The declines in the national consumption of CSDs were found to be approximately -6.3%, -15.4%, -15.5% and -15.8 for a tax, advertising ban, limiting calories, and restricting container sizes, respectively.
MOESM1 of Transcriptomic analyses reveal physiological changes in sweet orange roots affected by citrus blight
Creators: name: Shimin Fu
name: Shao, Jonathan
name: Roy, Avijit
name: Brlansky, Ronald
name: Changyong Zhou
name: Hartung, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1 : Table S1. Summary of reads and quality scores for a typical lane (technical replicate) of Illumina paired end reads used in this analysis.
Spin-current induced electric field
Creators: name: Sun, Qing-feng
name: Guo, Hong
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically predict that a pure steady state spin-current without charge-current can induce an electric field. A formula for the induced electric field is derived and we investigate its characteristics. Conversely, a moving spin is affected by an external electric field and we present a formula for the interaction energy.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Constructing SU(N) fractional instantons
Creators: name: González-Arroyo, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study self-dual SU(N) gauge field configurations on the 4 torus with twisted boundary conditions, known as fractional instantons. Focusing on the minimum non-zero action case, we generalize the constant field strength solutions discovered by `t Hooft and valid for certain geometries. For the general case, we construct the vector potential and field strength in a power series expansion in a deformation parameter of the metric. The next to leading term is explicitly computed. The methodology is an extension of that used by the author for SU(2) fractional instantons and for vortices in two-dimensional Abelian Higgs models. Obviously, these solutions can also be seen as self-dual configurations in $\mathbb{R}^4$ having a crystal structure, where each node of the crystal carries a topological charge of $1/N$.
description: pdflatex. 29 pages, no figures
Deterministic Sampling of Expensive Posteriors Using Minimum Energy Designs
Creators: name: Joseph, V. Roshan
name: Wang, Dianpeng
name: Gu, Li
name: Lyu, Shiji
name: Tuo, Rui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods require a large number of samples to approximate a posterior distribution, which can be costly when the likelihood or prior is expensive to evaluate. The number of samples can be reduced if we can avoid repeated samples and those that are close to each other. This is the idea behind deterministic sampling methods such as quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC). However, the existing QMC methods aim at sampling from a uniform hypercube, which can miss the high probability regions of the posterior distribution and thus the approximation can be poor. Minimum energy design (MinED) is a recently proposed deterministic sampling method, which makes use of the posterior evaluations to obtain a weighted space-filling design in the region of interest. However, the existing implementation of MinED is inefficient because it requires several global optimizations and thus numerous evaluations of the posterior. In this article, we develop an efficient algorithm that can generate MinED samples with few posterior evaluations. We also make several improvements to the MinED criterion to make it perform better in high dimensions. The advantages of MinED overMCMCand QMC are illustrated using an example of calibrating a friction drilling process.
Spectral element modeling of three dimensional wave propagation in a self-gravitating Earth with an arbitrarily stratified outer core
Creators: name: Chaljub, Emmanuel
name: Valette, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with the spectral element modeling of seismic wave propagation at the global scale. Two aspects relevant to low-frequency studies are particularly emphasized. First, the method is generalized beyond the Cowling approximation in order to fully account for the effects of self-gravitation. In particular, the perturbation of the gravity field outside the Earth is handled by a projection of the spectral element solution onto the basis of spherical harmonics. Second, we propose a new formulation inside the fluid which allows to account for an arbitrary density stratification. It is based upon a decomposition of the displacement into two scalar potentials, and results in a fully explicit fluid-solid coupling strategy. The implementation of the method is carefully detailed and its accuracy is demonstrated through a series of benchmark tests.
description: Sent to Geophysical Journal International on July 29, 2003
Launching jets from the boundary layer of accretion disks in young stellar objects
Creators: name: Soker, Noam
name: Regev, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reexamine a previously proposed model for thermal pressure acceleration of collimated outflows in young stellar objects (YSO). We are motivated by new results from recent X-ray observations of YSO. These show that there is essentially no difference between the properties of X-ray emission from YSO with and without outflows, imposing quite severe constraints on models based on magnetic launching of jets. In our scenario the magnetic fields are weak, and serve only to recollimate the outflow at large distances from the source. We perform time scale estimates and an analytical calculation of the acceleration of gas originating in the boundary layer (BL) of an accretion disk. By applying global energy conservation considerations we find that the mass escaping the system is compatible with observations. A crucial ingredient of the proposed model is that the accreted material is strongly shocked, and then cools down on a time scale longer than its ejection time from the disk. By using appropriate properties of accretion disks boundary layers around YSO, we show that the conditions for the proposed scenario to work are reasonably met. We find also that the thermal acceleration mechanism works only when the accretion rate in YSO accretion disk is large enough and the `alpha' parameter of the disk small enough - otherwise the cooling time is too short and significant ejection does not take place. This result appears to be compatible with observations as well as theoretical considerations.
description: 12 pages; Astronomy and Astrophysics, accepted
MOESM4 of Antibiotic resistance in porcine pathogenic bacteria and relation to antibiotic usage
Creators: name: I. Holmer
name: C. Salomonsen
name: S. Jorsal
name: L. Astrup
name: V. Jensen
name: B. HÃ¸G
name: K. Pedersen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Distribution of MIC values and occurrences of resistance in B. bronchiseptica from Danish pigs
Tuning the Topological Features of Quantum-Dot Hydrogen and Helium by a Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Luo, Wenchen
name: Chakraborty, Tapash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological charge of the spin texture in a quantum dot with spin-orbit couplings is shown analytically here to be stable against the ellipticity of the dot. It is directly tunable by a single magnetic field and is related to the \textit{sign} of the Landé $g$ factor. In a quantum-dot helium, the overall winding number could have different property from that of the single-electron case (quantum-dot hydrogen), since tuning the number of electron affects the winding number by the Coulomb interaction and the $z$ component angular momentum $\langle L^{}_z \rangle$. The density profile and the spin texture influence each other when the Coulomb interaction is present. When $\langle L^{}_z \rangle$ is biased away from an integer by the spin-orbit couplings, the rotational symmetry is broken which induces strong density deformation. The sign of the topological charge may also be reversed with increasing magnetic field. These findings are of major significance since the applied magnetic field alone now provides a direct route to control the topological properties of quantum dots.
Effect of limiting the cathode surface on direct current microhollow cathode discharge in helium
Creators: name: Dufour, T.
name: Dussart, R.
name: Lefaucheux, P.
name: Ranson, P.
name: Overzet, L. J.
name: Mandra, M.
name: Lee, J. -B.
name: Goeckner, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes how to light several microdischarges in parallel without having to individually ballast each one. The V-I curve of a microhollow cathode discharge is characterized by a constant voltage in the normal glow regime because the plasma is able to spread over the cathode surface area to provide the additional secondary electrons needed. If one limits the cathode surface area, the V-I characteristic can be forced into an abnormal glow regime in which the operating voltage must increase with the current. It is then possible to light several microdischarges mounted in parallel without ballasting them individually.
Deterministic Sampling of Expensive Posteriors Using Minimum Energy Designs
Creators: name: Roshan Joseph, V.
name: Wang, Dianpeng
name: Gu, Li
name: Lyu, Shiji
name: Tuo, Rui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods require a large number of samples to approximate a posterior distribution, which can be costly when the likelihood or prior is expensive to evaluate. The number of samples can be reduced if we can avoid repeated samples and those that are close to each other. This is the idea behind deterministic sampling methods such as quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC). However, the existing QMC methods aim at sampling from a uniform hypercube, which can miss the high probability regions of the posterior distribution and thus the approximation can be poor. Minimum energy design (MinED) is a recently proposed deterministic sampling method, which makes use of the posterior evaluations to obtain a weighted space-filling design in the region of interest. However, the existing implementation of MinED is inefficient because it requires several global optimizations and thus numerous evaluations of the posterior. In this article, we develop an efficient algorithm that can generate MinED samples with few posterior evaluations. We also make several improvements to the MinED criterion to make it perform better in high dimensions. The advantages of MinED overMCMCand QMC are illustrated using an example of calibrating a friction drilling process.
Consumer-Driven Profit Maximization in Broiler Production and Processing
Creators: name: Costa, Ecio De Farias
name: Houston, Jack E.
name: Costa, Ecio De Farias
name: Houston, Jack E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: consumer preferences
subject: processor decisions
subject: marketing options
subject: step pricing.

description: Increased emphasis on consumer markets in broiler profitmaximizing modeling generates results that differ from those by traditional profit-maximization models. This approach reveals that the adoption of step pricing and consideration of marketing options (examples of responsiveness to consumers) affect the optimal feed formulation levels and types of broiler production to generate maximum profitability. The adoption of step pricing attests that higher profits can be obtained for targeted weights only if premium prices for broiler products are contracted.
title: Monetary Policy Lag, Zero Lower Bound, and Inflation Targeting
Creators: name: Nishiyama, Shin-Ichi
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2009

description: Although the concept of monetary policy lag has historical roots deep in the monetary economics literature, relatively little attention has been paid to the idea. In this paper, we build on Svensson's (1997) inflation targeting framework by explicitly taking into account the lagged effect of monetary policy and characterize the optimal monetary policy reaction function both in the absence and in the presence of the zero lower bound on the nominal interest rate. We numerically show the function to be more aggressive and more pre-emptive with the lagged effect than without it. We also characterize the long-run stabilization cost to the central bank by explicitly taking into account the lagged effect of monetary policy. It turns out that, in the presence of the zero lower bound constraint, the long-run stabilization cost is higher with the lagged effect than the case without it. This result suggests that the central bank and/or the government should set a relatively high inflation target when confronted with a relatively long monetary policy lag. This can be interpreted as another justification for targeting a positive inflation rate in the long-run.
description: Le délai de transmission de la politique monétaire demeure une notion assez peu étudiée, même si elle plonge loin ses racines dans les travaux d'économie monétaire. Prenant pour point de départ le régime de cibles d'inflation modélisé par Svensson (1997), l'auteur de l'étude y intègre explicitement l'effet à retardement des mesures de politique monétaire. Il caractérise la fonction de réaction optimale de la politique monétaire tant avec que sans une borne inférieure limitant les taux d'intérêt nominaux à zéro. De manière numérique, il montre que la politique monétaire doit être mise en oeuvre de façon plus énergique et plus préventive quand le délai de transmission de ses effets est pris en compte. L'intégration de ce délai modifie le coût de stabilisation à long terme supporté par la banque centrale : sous la contrainte de la borne du zéro, ce coût s'avère supérieur à ce qu'il serait si l'on faisait abstraction du délai de transmission de la politique monétaire. L'auteur en conclut qu'un délai de transmission relativement important devrait inciter les banquiers centraux ou les gouvernements à viser des taux d'inflation plutôt élevés. On peut y voir un argument supplémentaire en faveur de l'établissement d'une cible d'inflation supérieure à zéro dans le long terme.
title: The Equity Premium and the Volatility Spread: The Role of Risk-Neutral Skewness
Creators: name: Feunou, Bruno
name: Fontaine, Jean-Sébastien
name: Tedongap, Roméo
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2009

description: We introduce the Homoscedastic Gamma [HG] model where the distribution of returns is characterized by its mean, variance and an independent skewness parameter under both measures. The model predicts that the spread between historical and risk-neutral volatilities is a function of the risk premium and of skewness. In fact, the equity premium is twice the ratio of the volatility spread to skewness. We measure skewness from option prices and test these predictions. We find that conditioning on skewness increases the predictive power of the volatility spread and that coefficient estimates accord with theory. In short, the data do not reject the model's implications for the equity premium. We also check the model's implications for option pricing and show that the information content of skewness leads to improved in-sample and out-of-sample pricing performances as well as improved hedging performances. Our results imply that expanding around the Gaussian density is restrictive and does not offer sufficient flexibility to match the skewness and kurtosis implicit in option data. Finally, we document the term structure of option-implied volatility, skewness and kurtosis and find that time-dependence in returns has a greater impact on skewness.
description: Les auteurs présentent le modèle « homoscédastique gamma », ou modèle HG, où la distribution des rendements est caractérisée par sa moyenne, sa variance et un paramètre d'asymétrie. Dans le modèle HG, l'écart entre les volatilités observée et neutre à l'égard du risque est fonction de la prime de risque et du degré d'asymétrie : la prime de risque appliquée aux actions est en fait le double du ratio de l'écart de volatilité à la mesure de l'asymétrie. Les auteurs mesurent l'asymétrie à partir de prix d'options et testent la validité des prédictions de leur modèle. Ils constatent que la prise en compte de l'asymétrie a pour effet d'accroître le pouvoir prédictif de l'écart de volatilité et que les estimations des coefficients sont conformes à ce que prévoit la théorie. En bref, les données ne permettent pas de rejeter les conclusions du modèle concernant la prime relative aux actions. Les auteurs étudient aussi les implications du modèle du point de vue de l'évaluation des options. Ils montrent que le contenu informatif de la mesure de l'asymétrie permet d'améliorer la capacité de prévision du modèle, tant sur échantillon que hors échantillon, ainsi que sa performance en matière de couverture. Les résultats indiquent que le recours à une expansion au voisinage de la densité gaussienne est contraignant et n'offre pas suffisamment de souplesse pour reproduire les degrés d'asymétrie et d'aplatissement qui ressortent du prix des options. Enfin, au terme d'une analyse de la structure d'échéance de la volatilité implicite, de l'asymétrie et de l'aplatissement, les auteurs concluent que la dépendance temporelle des rendements influe davantage sur l'asymétrie.
A Co-analysis Framework for Exploring Multivariate Scientific Data
Creators: name: He, Xiangyang
name: Tao, Yubo
name: Wang, Qirui
name: Lin, Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In complex multivariate data sets, different features usually include diverse associations with different variables, and different variables are associated within different regions. Therefore, exploring the associations between variables and voxels locally becomes necessary to better understand the underlying phenomena. In this paper, we propose a co-analysis framework based on biclusters, which are two subsets of variables and voxels with close scalar-value relationships, to guide the process of visually exploring multivariate data. We first automatically extract all meaningful biclusters, each of which only contains voxels with a similar scalar-value pattern over a subset of variables. These biclusters are organized according to their variable sets, and biclusters in each variable set are further grouped by a similarity metric to reduce redundancy and support diversity during visual exploration. Biclusters are visually represented in coordinated views to facilitate interactive exploration of multivariate data based on the similarity between biclusters and the correlation of scalar values with different variables. Experiments on several representative multivariate scientific data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework in exploring local relationships among variables, biclusters and scalar values in the data.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures
Efficiency of agricultural contracts: the case of wheat production in South-Pyrenees
Creators: name: Dubois, Pierre
name: Dubois, Pierre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agribusiness
Crop Production/Industries

description: Contracts play a more and more important role in agriculture. Few microeconomic studies have been made in France and Europe up to now. After analysing all the contracts signed between a cooperative and its wheat producers over four years, the implementation of a structural microeconomic model of contract helps demonstrate that contracts may become an effective tool to favour production of quality by encouraging producers of the best grain to increase their yields.
Emerging Technologies in Academic Libraries: Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
Creators: name: Nabil Bin Abdullah Komosany, Ghassan Rashid Alnwaimi
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: University library
Library service
Digital technology
Digitization
Library investment
Library strategy
Automated service for Library
Inter-library Resource Management
Machine learning
Game Theory.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12, 4, 12A4K: 1-17
Ordering and Broken Symmetry in Short-Ranged Spin Glasses
Creators: name: Newman, C. M.
name: Stein, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this topical review we discuss the nature of the low-temperature phase in both infinite-ranged and short-ranged spin glasses. We analyze the meaning of pure states in spin glasses, and distinguish between physical, or ``observable'', states and (probably) unphysical, ``invisible'' states. We review replica symmetry breaking, and describe what it would mean in short-ranged spin glasses. We introduce the notion of thermodynamic chaos, which leads to the metastate construct. We apply these tools to short-ranged spin glasses, and conclude that replica symmetry breaking, in any form, cannot describe the low-temperature spin glass phase in any finite dimension. We then discuss the remaining possible scenarios that_could_ describe the low-temperature phase, and the differences they exhibit in some of their physical properties -- in particular, the interfaces that separate them. We also present rigorous results on metastable states and discuss their connection to thermodynamic states. Finally, we discuss some of the differences between the statistical mechanics of homogeneous systems and those with quenched disorder and frustration.
description: 66 pages (LaTeX); 8 figures; submitted to Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter; Summary and Discussion section added (new Section 10)
Profiles of the Top U.S. Agricultural Ports
Creators: name: Taylor, April
name: Taylor, April
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Agriculture
subject: shipping
subject: port
subject: export
subject: import
subject: ocean shipping

description: The agricultural community uses the ocean transportation network extensively to serve its global customers. In calendar year 2011, 80 percent of U.S. agricultural exports 146.5 million metric tons), and 78 percent of imports (40.7 million metric tons) were waterborne. The Agricultural Port Profiles rovide a view of the top 20 U.S. ocean ports moving agricultural export and import traffic. The Profiles provide detailed information on commodities moved, shipping lines used, and destination and origin countries.
MOESM6 of Molecular signature of different lesion types in the brain white matter of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Elkjaer, Maria
name: Frisch, Tobias
name: Reynolds, Richard
name: Kacprowski, Tim
name: Burton, Mark
name: Kruse, Torben
name: Thomassen, Mads
name: Baumbach, Jan
name: Illes, Zsolt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Table S3. Lesion specific genes