cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chandra Imaging of the X-ray Core of the Virgo Cluster
Creators: name: Young, A. J.
name: Wilson, A. S.
name: Mundell, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report sub-arcsecond X-ray imaging spectroscopy of M87 and the core of the Virgo cluster with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The X-ray morphology shows structure on arcsecond (~100 pc) to ten arcminute (~50 kpc) scales, the most prominent feature being an "arc" running from the east, across the central region of M87 and off to the southwest. A ridge in the radio map, ending in an "ear"-shaped structure, follows the arc to the east. Depressions in the X-ray surface brightness correspond to the inner radio lobes and there is no evidence of shock-heated gas surrounding them. There are also at least two approximately circular (centered near the nucleus) "edges" in the X-ray brightness distribution, the radii of which are slightly larger than the nuclear distances of the inner radio lobes and intermediate radio ridges, respectively. We speculate that these discontinuities may be spherical pulses or "fronts" driven by the same jet activity as is responsible for the radio structure; such pulses are found in recent numerical simulations. All these results provide good evidence that the nuclear activity affects the intra-cluster medium. We present a temperature map of the intra-cluster medium, and obtain the temperature, pressure and cooling time as a function of nuclear distance for the arcs and the ambient intra-cluster medium. We show that the gas in the arcs is cooler than, and probably over-pressured with respect to, the ambient intra-cluster medium. The metal abundances of the cooler gas in the arc are somewhat enhanced relative to the ambient intra-cluster medium, favoring a ``buoyant plume'' origin for the X-ray arc, in which ambient gas near the nucleus is entrained by buoyant radio plasma and carried to larger nuclear distances. (Abstract truncated).
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal; 22 pages, 8 figures. Text and figures were improved during the refereeing process. For a high resolution version, see http://www.astro.umd.edu/~ayoung/papers/
Theoretical Expectations for Rare and Forbidden Tau Decays
Creators: name: Ma, Ernest
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given the experimental evidence for $ν_μ- ν_τ$ oscillations, the existence of lepton flavor violation in $τ$ decays is a theoretical certainty. In this brief review, I consider the connection between models of neutrino mass and the expected observability of some $τ$ decays.
description: Talk at TAU 02 (Santa Cruz, CA)
Additional file 3 of The reliability of maternal audit instruments to assign cause of death in maternal deaths review process: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ratnasari D. Cahyanti
name: Widyawati, Widyawati
name: Hakimi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. List of excluded studies along with reasons for exclusion.
Early Metal Enrichment by Pregalactic Outflows: II. Simulations of Blow-away
Creators: name: Mori, Masao
name: Ferrara, Andrea
name: Madau, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from three-dimensional numerical simulations of the dynamics of SN-driven bubbles as they propagate through and escape the grasp of subgalactic halos with masses M ~ 10^8 Msun at redshift z=9. The hydrodynamic simulations use a nested grid method to follow the evolution of explosive multi-SN events operating on the characteristic timescale of a few x 10^7 yr, the lifetime of massive stars. The results confirm that, if the star formation efficiency of subgalactic halos is close to 10%, a significant fraction of the halo gas will be lifted out of the potential well (`blow-away'), shock the intergalactic medium, and pollute it with metal-enriched material, a scenario recently advocated by Madau, Ferrara & Rees (2001). The volume filling factor of the ejecta is close to unity. Depending on the stellar distribution, we find that less than 30% of the available SN energy is converted into kinetic energy of the blown away material, the remainder being radiated away. It appears that mechanical feedback is less efficient than expected from simple energetic arguments, as off-nuclear SN explosions drive inward-propagating shocks that tend to collect and pile up cold gas in the central regions of the host halo. Low-mass galaxies at early epochs may survive multiple SN events and continue forming stars.
description: Accepted by ApJ. Numerical test of the code and comments on feedbacks added
Italian Heroic Portraits in the Sixteenth Century
Creators: name: Bernocchi, Ilaria
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Renaissance Portraiture
Hero
Italian Painting
Italian Sculpture
Renaissance Medals
Nicomachean Ethics
Allegorical Portraits
Portrait Historié
Disguised Portraits
Identifikationsportrat
Myth of the Hero
Intellectual History
Cultural History
Florentine Art
Bolognese Art
Venetian Art
Genoese Art
Early Modern Visual Culture
Female Portraiture
Self-Portrait

description: The dissertation is the first study of heroic portraiture in Italy in the sixteenth century. With the term heroic, which is presented and justified in the introduction to the thesis, I qualify independent portraits in all media in which the sitter is represented in the guise of a mythological, historical or religious figure, like a god or a biblical character. These portraits, known from various studies as allegorical, historié, composite, or augmented have never been analysed as a genre and their function has so far been obscure. The thesis introduces the term heroic because the portraits are connected with the Aristotelian notion of heroic virtue, which found enormous currency during the Renaissance and shaped the cultural and artistic world of the artists and their subjects. The thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first is dedicated to Venetian heroic portraits from the first half of the sixteenth century, in particular portraits of ladies and gentlemen in the guise of saints and biblical figures, and portraits of Dominican friars in the guise of Dominican saints. The second chapter is dedicated to the heroic portraits of Cosimo I de’ Medici, Duke of Florence, from his election in 1537 to his death in 1574. One section analyses also the portraits of the Genoese ruler Andrea Doria as Neptune, comparing the use of heroic imagery by both rulers at key moments in the establishment of their regimes. The third main chapter deals with heroic portraits of Bolognese intellectuals and patricians from the late sixteenth century; a rich section is dedicated to female heroic portraiture of Bolognese ladies as a way to communicate cultural refinement and moral values related to post-Tridentine norms of decorum.
description: AHRC DTP Lander Scholarship in partnership with Pembroke College, Cambridge
MOESM6 of Analysis of the clinical significance of DNA methylation in gastric cancer based on a genome-wide high-resolution array
Creators: name: Fang, Wen-Liang
name: Chen, Ming-Huang
name: Kuo-Hung Huang
name: Shih-Ching Chang
name: Chien-Hsing Lin
name: Chao, Yee
name: Su-Shun Lo
name: Li, Anna
name: Chew-Wun Wu
name: Shyr, Yi-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6: Table S2. The frequency of methylation of the three genes in tissue and plasma samples according to the status of MSI/EBV.
Design of value chains in volume-intensive market segments - exploiting economies of scale, scope and integration
Creators: name: Brege, S.
name: Nord, T.
name: Nordigården, D.
name: Brege, S.
name: Nord, T.
name: Nordigården, D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: wood value chain
subject: mega-retailer
subject: economies of scale
subject: scope and integration

description: Large suppliers of wood products and large industrial customers and mega-retailers experience situations, where there are fewer potential partners for large-scale business agreements. The customer-supplier relationships are moving in the direction of bilateral relationships between large and resourceful suppliers and customers, with fewer options to play “the competitive game”. Traditionally, the wood value chain has been characterized by aiming for economies of scale. Wood products manufacturers have focused on high raw material recovery thus moving towards larger and more efficient production units. The retailing business has moved in the same direction as a consequence of the competitiveness on the end-user market with its focus on price. Consequently, there are actors adopting a scope strategy aiming at differentiation in some dimensions. There has thus been a build-up of large suppliers and retailers. In this new competitive landscape, both suppliers and customers have to rethink their traditional strategies and to design more complex value chains (and business models), often with more than two partners involved. We describe a business case of a co-operation between one large sawmilling company and one smaller wooden component manufacturer on the supplier side, and a large mega-retailer on the customer side. The sawmilling company and mega-retailer have strong large scale orientations, with solid finances and a focus on large volumes. The manufacturer of wooden components is small-scale and not able to operate on its own as a partner to the large customer. The result of the study indicates the possibilities for large scale professional actors to opt for economies of integration by introducing a third party. Agreements are negotiated and secured by the large actors’ professionalism and size, and control of input material and market knowledge. The flexibility and efficiency of producing and delivering adapted products are created by the innovativeness of the small-scale component manufacturer, investing in niche markets. The study therefore indicates a possible business option for actors in the presently scale-dominated value chain.
Urban Rapprochement Tactics: Stitching Divided Nicosia
Creators: name: Papallas, Andreas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017
Subjects: urban conflict
urban studies
segregation
nicosia
cyprus
conflict theory
conflict transformation
buffer zone

description: This written thesis investigates the capacity of shared spaces to instigate rapprochement between adversarial communities in ethno-nationally induced urban conflicts through an in-depth analysis of the divided city of Nicosia. A much-debated question is whether sharing space has beneficial influence in interethnic relations. One approach posits that any level of contact between adversaries, even the merely visual, establishes familiarity with the other (Pullan, 2012). Another approach argues that coexistence or cohabitation in a public space cannot be equated with meaningful interaction and interethnic understanding outright (Amin, 2006). These two positions can be linked back to two interpretations of Kant’s ideas on cosmopolitanism. Arendt (1958) advocates for anonymity as a prerequisite for interethnic understanding while Habermas (1962) for impersonality as an indispensable starting point to mutual understanding. In Cyprus, the communities have been separated for almost thirty years until the checkpoints opened. Research evidence suggests that even after the opening of the checkpoints, a third of the population has never crossed to the other side (Psaltis). The Buffer Zone has been fertile ground in cross-boundary interaction through spatial practices and urban strategies, however little is known about the impact of these particular spaces in interethnic relations. The written thesis builds on the aforementioned theoretical framework to investigate the significance of the Buffer Zone as a space of exception, the role of the various actors involved in the making of these urban environments as well as whether the established contact has been conducive towards the amelioration of interethnic relations. The design project will propose a comprehensive urban strategy to counteract the prejudice against crossing and facilitate meaningful interactions between people that have been reluctant to cross.
title: Single-use plastics and the Circular Economy :
title: An ANT enquiry in disciplining technologies and organisations.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ferri, Marta
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2025

description: This study problematises plastic materials, business organisations and
 Circular Economy (CE) ideas within the context of the plastic crisis.
 Drawing upon CE literature and research (e.g., Murray et al., 2015;
 Calisto Friant et al., 2020; Dzhengiz et al., 2023), the discipline of
 humanities and social science in Waste Studies (e.g., Douglas, 1966,
 Hawkins, 2009; Liboiron, 2021) and the theoretical lens of Actor–Network
 Theory (ANT) (e.g., Callon 1986; Latour 1987; Law 1994), this research
 examines the efforts of the business-driven, member-based International
 Alliance for Sustainable Business (IASB), to tackle the plastic crisis. To
 do so, IASB attempts to organise a CE initiative focused on single-use
 plastic waste.

 Using empirical illustrations from the IASB case, this study aims to
 examine how

 understanding the way organisations engage with the CE informs us about
 the role of materials, such as plastics, and what the consequences of
 organisations attempting toadopt CE to address the plastic crisis are. It
 follows the interrelations between the IASB, their members, CE ideas and
 single-use plastics, defined here as technologies (Latour, 2013; Beyes et
 al., 2022), within the organising of a CE initiative.

 This research contribution is twofold. Analytically, it contributes to the
 Organisation Studies literature by exploring how organisations engage with
 the CE and how mundane technology other than IT (Orlikowski and Scott,
 2008), such as single-use plastics, affects the process of organising.
 Using the theoretical lens of ANT emphasises the importance of
 problematising these technologies and their performative dimension with
 organisations. Empirically, the research provides insights into how
 organisations can organise CE initiatives effectively, focusing on the
 potential for circular agendas to either reinforce existing practices or
 promote innovation.
Non-Gaussian PDFs from Maximum-Entropy-principle considerations
Creators: name: Sattin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we develop on the recently suggested concept of superstatistics [C. Beck and E.G.D. Cohen, Physica A {\bf 322}, 267 (2003)], face the problem of devising a viable way for estimating the correct statistics for a system in absence of sufficient knowledge of its microscopical dynamics, and suggest to solve it through the Maximum Entropy Principle. As an example, we deduce the Probability Distribution Function for velocity fluctuations in turbulent fluids, which is slightly different from the form suggested in [C. Beck, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 87}, 180601 (2001)].
description: v2: final accepted version: one statement corrected, other minor changes. To appear in Phys. Rev. E
How macroscopic properties dictate microscopic probabilities
Creators: name: Aharonov, Yakir
name: Reznik, Benni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the quantum probability law follows, in the large N limit, from the compatibility of quantum mechanics with classical-like properties of macroscopic objects. For a finite sample, we find that likely and unlikely measurement outcomes are associated with distinct interference effects in a sample weakly coupled to an environment.
description: 4 pages. Revised and expanded version. A microscopic distinction between rare and expected sequences is discussed
Additional file 6: of Effects of perioperative goal-directed fluid therapy combined with the application of alpha-1 adrenergic agonists on postoperative outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Feng, Shuai
name: Yang, Shuyi
name: Xiao, Wei
name: Wang, Xue
name: Yang, Kun
name: Wang, Tianlong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Publication funnel plots for the length of hospital stay. WMD, Weighted mean difference. (PDF 698 kb)
Terebellobranchia mchughae Londono-Mesa & Carrera-Parra 2005
Creators: name: Londoño-Mesa, Mario H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Terebellidae
Terebellobranchia
Terebellobranchia mchughae

description: Terebellobranchia mchughae Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra, 2005
 Terebellobranchia mchughae Londoño-Mesa & Carrera-Parra, 2005:34–35; Figs 9 A-D.
 Type material: Holotype ECOSUR 057 Herradura Point, Southern Mexican Caribbean, 30.XI.2000; 80m. Paratypes LACM-AHF 2202 (2) Herradura Point, Southern Mexican Caribbean, 30.XI.2000; 80m.
 Additional material: Antilles: UMML 22.990 (1) Eastern of Grenada Island, Lesser Antilles (12°23'N 61°22'W), R/V “ Pillsbury ” Sta. 857; 3.VII.1969; 78m. UMML 22.991 (1) Dominican Republic (21°41'N 71°23'W), R/V “Pillsbury” Sta. 1423; 19.VII.1971; 18m. Gulf of Mexico: UANL 4809 (1) Veracruz aquarium, 14.VII.2000.
 Diagnosis: Holotype complete, with 82 segments, 32mm long, thorax 2mm wide. Eyespots dark, placed laterally. Branchiae on segments 3, 4 and 7. Nine pairs of nephridial papillae from segment 6. Forty or more pairs of notopodia; notochaetae with distal oblique and serrated region. Uncini in double rows from segment 10 to posterior body, in double separated rows, face to face, in thorax and abdomen, and in single rows in several posterior uncinigers; uncini MF:1:4:4.
 Staining Pattern: Ventral shields stain deeply; nephridial papillae stain slightly, but darker than the remaining structures that remain, even tentacles and branchiae.
 Variations: Additional specimens are 30–47mm long, 1.5–5.0mm wide. The ventral shields vary from 14 in the holotype, to 18 in additional specimens examined.
 Discussion: A complete description of the species is presented by Londoño-Mesa and Carrera-Parra (2005). In this report the distribution of this species is expanded to include the Gulf of Mexico (Veracruz), and some islands in the Antilles as Dominican Republic and Grenada. This species differs from T. hiata comb. nov., by having branchiae on segments 3, 4 and 7, instead of 2, 5 and 8.
 Type locality: Herradura Point, Southern Mexican Caribbean.
 Distribution: Southern Mexican Caribbean, Dominican Republic, and Grenada Island (Lesser Antilles). From 18 to 80m.
description: Published as part of Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., 2009, Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Terebellida) from the Grand Caribbean region 2320, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 2320 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2320.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5316176
Macro-economic Impact Assessment of Future Changes in European Marine Ecosystem Services
Creators: name: Bosello, Francesco
name: Delpiazzo, Elisa
name: Eboli, Fabio
name: Bosello, Francesco
name: Delpiazzo, Elisa
name: Eboli, Fabio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Impact Assessment
subject: Computable General Equilibrium
subject: Fisheries
subject: Tourism
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Marine Ecosystem

description: The present research has been developed within the EU FP7 VECTORS project (http://www.marine-vectors.eu/). The main scope of the project (2011-2015) has been to evaluate, from a multilateral perspective, drivers, pressures and vectors of changes in marine life of three main European seas (Baltic, Western Mediterranean, North), the mechanisms by which they do so and the impacts that they have on ecosystem structures and functioning as well as on economic activities and wellbeing. This paper describes the methodology, data elaboration and main results of a modelling exercise aiming to assess the economic effect of future changes in the EU marine ecosystem in the medium term (2030). We focus on those changes potentially affecting the fishing and the tourism sectors in two different IPCC SRES scenarios, the A2 and B1, varying in the future trends of population, GDP, prices, as well as the overall impact on environment. Sector-specific economic impacts are channeled through increases in fishing effort, due to lower availability of commercial fish species, and decrease in tourism demand following deterioration of marine ecosystem quality. Impacts on EU coastal countries Gross Domestic Product are negative and larger when the tourism sector is affected. This is explained by the much higher contribution of tourism than fishery in the production of value added. Negative impacts are also larger in the A2 than in the B1 scenario. The largest GDP losses due to adverse impacts on fishery are experienced by Spain (-0.13%), those related to tourism by Italy (almost -1%). Percent changes in sectoral production are notably larger than GDP ones: the largest contraction in fish sector production occurs in France (-24.7%). Notable decrease in coastal tourism demand occurs in Spain and the Netherlands. In general the Western Mediterranean is the most adversely affected region, whereas the Baltic Sea denotes a particular vulnerability to losses in tourism value added compared to the BAU. North Sea countries experience smaller losses.
Microfluidic Tools for Advanced Biomolecular Characterisation
Creators: name: Kartanas, Tadas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Microfluidics
Biosensing
Biomolecular Characterisation
Multidimensional Analysis
Microfluidic Spray
MEMS

description: Proteins – the key building blocks of life – are responsible for the majority of the processes behind biological function. To understand what role proteins play in health and disease, how they operate and interact, it is vital to have tools for biomolecular detection, quantification and fundamental physicochemical characterisation. In this thesis, I have focused on the development of new microfluidic approaches enabling quantitative analysis of biomolecules. First, I describe a microfluidic spray device, developed for a controlled deposition of analyte on surfaces. Due to the small micron-scale droplet size, the evaporation happens in a few milliseconds, thus, leaving only the solvent-free solutes. This method has been vital for depositing biomolecules on a scanning-probe microscopy-imaging substrate, enabling quantitative measurements of heterogeneous protein mixtures. Afterwards, I present the spray combination with gravimetric sensors, such as micro-cantilevers, for a label-free protein detection. I show that this technique can be used for a protein-solution concentration measurement in a quantitative manner. Currently, one of the main issues of diagnostic platforms is the analysis of heterogeneous mixtures. A number of protein-separation techniques have been developed; however, most of the characterisation requires an offline analysis which can introduce artefacts and reequilibration. In the second part of this dissertation, I bridge the gap between liquid chromatography, microfluidic characterisation and mechanical-sensor detection. Specifically, I demonstrate the serial combination between liquid chromatography and analyte deposition by a microfluidic spray nozzle. By depositing analytes onto a quartz-crystal microbalance, I perform a specific label-free analysis of protein mixtures. Furthermore, I present a fluidic interface, facilitating a combination of separation at fast liquid flow with microfluidic size and electrophoretic-mobility measurements. This method allows for a simultaneous measurement of molecule size and charge and acts as an additional chromatographic detector. I demonstrate that this method works for both label-free and labelled biomolecule characterisation and suggests ways to perform scalable mass-spectrometry analysis on a chip.
Beamforming Cancellation Design for Millimeter-Wave Full-Duplex
Creators: name: Roberts, Ian P.
name: Vishwanath, Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In recent years, there has been extensive research on millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication and on in-band full-duplex (FD) communication, but work on the combination of the two is relatively lacking. FD mmWave systems could offer increased spectral efficiency and decreased latency while also suggesting the redesign of existing mmWave applications. While FD technology has been well-explored for sub-6 GHz systems, the developed methods do not translate well to mmWave. This turns us to a method called beamforming cancellation (BFC), where the highly directional mmWave beams are steered to mitigate self-interference (SI) and enable simultaneous transmission and reception in-band. In this paper, we present BFC designs for two fully-connected hybrid beamforming scenarios, both of which sufficiently suppress the SI such that the sum spectral efficiency approaches that of a SI-free FD system. A simulation and its results are then used to verify our designs.
description: Conference paper presented at 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)
Heterogeneity in the demand for recreational access –distributional aspects
Creators: name: Campbell, C.
name: Vedel, S.
name: Jacobsen, J.
name: Thorsen, B.
name: Campbell, C.
name: Vedel, S.
name: Jacobsen, J.
name: Thorsen, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agribusiness
Land Economics/Use

description: This paper addresses the question of how to adequately model empirical variation in willingness to pay (WTP) for a public good and demonstrates the importance of appropriate modelling of heterogeneity for policy and decision making on public good provision. Even if on average voters are to gain from a specific decision (positive mean WTP), politicians may decide against it if the median voter stands to loose—and vice versa. We use a choice experiment, which among other attributes, includes an attribute suggesting enhanced public access in privately owned forests in Denmark. We focus our investigation on this attribute, due to its current policy relevance and find a remarkable and illustrative pattern. We compare results—in terms of WTP distributions—from four models i) a multinomial logit model, ii) a mixed logit model assuming a Normal distribution of WTP for access, iii) or assuming an Johnson SB distribution and finally, iv) assuming a mixture of two Normal distributions to describe the distribution of WTP. The latter models have, by a margin, the best model fits. We find that across all models, the sample mean WTP for enhanced access is negative. However, the asymmetric models reveal that the empirical distribution does in fact have a positive median WTP. In the model assuming a mixture of Normals, we find a minority group of respondents expressing very negative mean WTP, whereas the large majority group has a significantly positive mean WTP—but a factor of 10 smaller in absolute terms. Consequently the mean and the median WTP have opposite signs and are quite different. This highlights the importance of analysing in detail the distribution of WTP before giving policy recommendations.
Additional file 3 of Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) maintained the stemness of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) during long-term expansion by preserving mitochondrial function via the PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT3 signaling pathways
Creators: name: Cao, Zeyuan
name: Xie, Yunyi
name: Yu, Le
name: Li, Yi
name: Wang, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3: Supplemental Data 3. hBMSCs cultured in SHED-CM had enhanced pro-angiogenic capacity during long-term expansion.
MOESM5 of Analysis of the clinical significance of DNA methylation in gastric cancer based on a genome-wide high-resolution array
Creators: name: Fang, Wen-Liang
name: Chen, Ming-Huang
name: Kuo-Hung Huang
name: Shih-Ching Chang
name: Chien-Hsing Lin
name: Chao, Yee
name: Su-Shun Lo
name: Li, Anna
name: Chew-Wun Wu
name: Shyr, Yi-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 5: Table S1. Clinical profile in the discovery set and validation set of gastric cancer patients.
Euthelepus McIntosh 1885
Creators: name: Londoño-Mesa, Mario H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Terebellida
Terebellidae
Euthelepus

description: Euthelepus McIntosh, 1885
McIntosh, 1885:465.— Hutchings & Glasby, 1986:105.
 Type species: Euthelepus setubalensis McIntosh, 1885, by original designation.
 Diagnosis: Three pairs of branchiae as sessile filaments, from segment 2, in a continuous transverse line or with short dorsal gap between them; eyespots present or absent; lateral lappets on segments 2–3 or 2–4; ventral shields from segment 2 or 3; nephridial papillae absent or on segments 5–7; 17, 19, 36 or 44 pairs of notopodia from segment 3; notochaetae smooth-tipped and limbate or smooth-tipped and serrated; neuropodia from segment 5; uncini avicular with subrostral process button-shaped.
 Remarks: According to Hutchings and Glasby (1986), and Hutchings (1997), the genus has four valid species, none from the Grand Caribbean region. Fauchald (1977b) described E. pascua, from the Panamanian Caribbean, but because of the absence of lateral lappets, Hutchings and Glasby (1986) and I regard this species as belonging to Thelepus. Kritzler (1984) reported an undescribed species, Euthelepus sp. A., from the upper Gulf of Mexico. Thus, after the revision of these specimens, the species is described here as new, E. kritzleri sp. nov., the first valid species in the region.
description: Published as part of Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., 2009, Terebellidae (Polychaeta: Terebellida) from the Grand Caribbean region 2320, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 2320 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2320.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5316176
Additional file 4 of Single cell RNA-seq analysis of the flexor digitorum brevis mouse myofibers
Creators: name: Verma, Rohan X.
name: Kannan, Suraj
name: Lin, Brian L.
name: Fomchenko, Katherine M.
name: Nieuwenhuis, Tim O.
name: Patil, Arun H.
name: Lukban, Clarisse
name: Xiaoping Yang
name: Fox-Talbot, Karen
name: McCall, Matthew N.
name: Chulan Kwon
name: Kass, David A.
name: Rosenberg, Avi Z.
name: Halushka, Marc K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4 Supplementary Figure 1. Myofiber nuclei analysis. a A UMAP of all myofiber nuclei with fiber type noted. b Myosin heavy chain expression used to assign the myofiber types. c Myosin heavy chain expression and number of nuclei by fiber type demonstrating overlapping expression of Myh genes in some fiber types. Supplementary Figure 2. Comparison of the Fast 2Xc1 and Fast 2Xc2 subsets. a Twenty-two neuronal or NMJ-related genes are detected in most cells, but enriched in Fast 2Xc2 (middle left) cells. b Three neural genes (Cdh4, Kirrel3, Ntn1), an endothelial specific gene (Pecam1) and a smooth muscle cell gene (Smtn) are all increased in Fast 2Xc2 subsets suggesting overall increase of ambient RNA in these cells. c Total gene counts are elevated in Fast2Xc2 subsets despite no increase in total reads or % mitochondria. d Typically abundant genes, Ttn, mt-Rnr1, and mt-Rnr2 are all of lower expression in Fast 2Xc2 cells.
Neutrino flux predictions for Galactic plerions
Creators: name: Guetta, Dafne
name: Amato, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of plerions that have been detected in the TeV range, and investigate the possibility that the emission is due to π^0 decay. From the TeV flux we derive what is the expected νflux at Earth and find that this is likely to exceed the detection threshold of the upcoming km^2 neutrino detectors.
description: 8 pages. Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Social Anthropology and British Society, c. 1920-1975
Creators: name: Foks, William
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Social anthropology
modern British history
African History
History of Social Science
Intellectual History
History of Anthropology

description: At the beginning of the twentieth century anthropology was a discipline marked by an interest in measuring skeletons, collecting ornamental curios and speculating about the evolution of society. From the 1920s onwards, however, anthropologists were increasingly urged to leave their armchairs and enter the field. The figures leading this transformation in Britain were Bronislaw Malinowski and Alfred Radcliffe-Brown. This methodological revolution transformed anthropology. But it also rippled outwards: irrigating neighbouring disciplines with new concepts and techniques, undermining the idea of the British Empire’s ‘civilising mission’, and inspiring readers to compare and contrast the wide range of social relations evident amongst the world’s different peoples. These changes occurred amidst contemporary debates about colonial policy, discussions about marriage reform, conceptions of urban community and re-imaginings of Britain’s past. The opening chapters of the thesis investigate the relationship between social anthropology and colonial rule in Africa and tell of its rise and relative decline in the policy sphere. The following chapters proceed to show how, over the same period, anthropologists’ relativist ideas and ethnographic methodology were gaining ever-greater prestige in the British academy. During the 1960s anthropologically-inspired scholarship was proliferating. By 1975, an anthropologically-inflected discourse of cultural relativism had become widespread in the social sciences. The thesis thus reveals a rich tradition of inquiry that troubles divisions between histories of colonial and metropolitan social scientific research.
description: AHRC DTP
Using DEA to compare the efficiency of planned forest management actions to actual forest management actions
Creators: name: Eyvindson, K.
name: Kangas, A.
name: Niskanen, Y.
name: Eyvindson, K.
name: Kangas, A.
name: Niskanen, Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Data Envelopment Analysis
subject: forest planning
subject: efficiency analysis

description: A guiding principle in the development of forest management plans is that the plan should meet the principles of optimality, and thus efficiency. The resultant plan represents a snapshot in time of the decision makers (DMs) preferences, which can change through time as the DMs life situations changes. Even though the DM undertook the effort of formulating a plan for the forest, the actual decisions taken in the forest may not represent the planned activities. The divergence between these two decisions can be evaluated as the difference between the stated and observed preferences. This measure evaluates how closely the plan was followed, however it does not evaluate how close the actual decisions were to an optimal use of resources. As a method to compute the efficiency of the DMs actual choices, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to evaluate the efficiency of both the planned and actual forest management decisions compared to the production potential frontier. In traditional DEA applications, the evaluation for efficiency is done through a relative comparison of a set of actual decision management units (DMUs). As a method to evaluate the efficiency of the forest management actions, a series of optimized plans, developed from the initial inventory data, serve as the DMUs to provide a relative comparison. The usefulness of this process is highlighted in an analysis of several privately held forest management plans from private owners in Finland. For these cases, the efficiency of the planned and actual management activities are evaluated with a fixed set of input and output criteria. This allows for an evaluation the effectiveness of the planning process, and evaluates the efficiency of the actual forest management actions taken in the forest.
Cooperative metabolic resource allocation in spatially-structured systems
Creators: name: Tourigny, David S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Natural selection has shaped the evolution of cells and multi-cellular organisms such that social cooperation can often be preferred over an individualistic approach to metabolic regulation. This paper extends a framework for dynamic metabolic resource allocation based on the maximum entropy principle to spatiotemporal models of metabolism with cooperation. Much like the maximum entropy principle encapsulates `bet-hedging' behaviour displayed by organisms dealing with future uncertainty in a fluctuating environment, its cooperative extension describes how individuals adapt their metabolic resource allocation strategy to further accommodate limited knowledge about the welfare of others within a community. The resulting theory explains why local regulation of metabolic cross-feeding can fulfil a community-wide metabolic objective if individuals take into consideration an ensemble measure of total population performance as the only form of global information. The latter is likely supplied by quorum sensing in microbial systems or signalling molecules such as hormones in multi-cellular eukaryotic organisms.
description: 26 pages including 4 figures, appendix, and references: v3 revisions and expansion in line with referee comments
Additional file 5: of Effects of perioperative goal-directed fluid therapy combined with the application of alpha-1 adrenergic agonists on postoperative outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Feng, Shuai
name: Yang, Shuyi
name: Xiao, Wei
name: Wang, Xue
name: Yang, Kun
name: Wang, Tianlong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Sensitive analysis for length of hospital stay. The influence of individual studies on the pooled RR. (PDF 2064 kb)
High-Throughput Methods For Reaction Development Using The Mosquito® Liquid Handling Robot
Creators: name: Battersby, David James
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: High-throughput
Synthesis
Automation

description: High-throughput technologies have dramatically advanced processes such as drug screening and protein crystallisation. Application of related high-throughput experimentation practices have the potential to revolutionise chemical synthesis. This thesis describes the standardisation and implementation of high-throughput protocols in the Gaunt group using the Mosquito® liquid-handling robot. An automated high-throughput protocol was established for quantitative data generation. The Chan-Lam reaction of an amine and aryl boronates was used as an initial proof-of-concept reaction to standardise the high-throughput protocol. All parts of the protocol were optimised including the creation of an Excel spreadsheet and Mosquito® dosing protocols. Quantitative data was achieved using high-throughput LCMS analysis with internal standards and calibration curves. Data were tested by statistical methods integrated into the Excel Spreadsheet. Using the standardised high-throughput protocol, reaction conditions for the Chan-Lam were assessed using multi-parallel arrays. A total of 30 boronic esters were screened against eight bases, six copper catalysts and two ligands, totaling 5,888 reactions. All reaction components were parameterised using experimental and computational descriptors to generate a predictive model, in collaboration with computational chemists. To rapidly triage reaction conditions, high-throughput TLC was developed. Three transformations were investigated using this technique, reducing the total analysis time to less than 2 hours for 1536-reactions. This study demonstrates the potential of automated equipment in reaction optimisation and discovery.
description: EPSRC GSK
A dozen colliding wind X-ray binaries in the star cluster R136 in the 30Doradus region
Creators: name: Zwart, Simon Portegies
name: Pooley, Dave
name: Lewin, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed archival Chandra X-ray observations of the central portion of the 30 Doradus region in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The image contains 20 X-ray point sources with luminosities between $5 \times 10^{32}$ and $2 \times 10^{35}$ erg s$^{-1}$ (0.2 -- 3.5 keV). A dozen sources have bright WN Wolf-Rayet or spectral type O stars as optical counterparts. Nine of these are within $\sim 3.4$pc of R136, the central star cluster of NGC2070. We derive an empirical relation between the X-ray luminosity and the parameters for the stellar wind of the optical counterpart. The relation gives good agreement for known colliding wind binaries in the Milky Way Galaxy and for the identified X-ray sources in NGC2070. We conclude that probably all identified X-ray sources in NGC2070 are colliding wind binaries and that they are not associated with compact objects. This conclusion contradicts Wang (1995) who argued, using ROSAT data, that two earlier discovered X-ray sources are accreting black-hole binaries. Five of the eighteen brightest stars in R136 are not visible in our X-ray observations. These stars are either single, have low mass companions or very wide orbits. The resulting binary fraction among early type stars is then unusually high (at least 70%).
description: 23 pages, To appear in August in ApJ
Structural Information in Two-Dimensional Patterns: Entropy Convergence and Excess Entropy
Creators: name: Feldman, David P.
name: Crutchfield, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop information-theoretic measures of spatial structure and pattern in more than one dimension. As is well known, the entropy density of a two-dimensional configuration can be efficiently and accurately estimated via a converging sequence of conditional entropies. We show that the manner in which these conditional entropies converge to their asymptotic value serves as a measure of global correlation and structure for spatial systems in any dimension. We compare and contrast entropy-convergence with mutual-information and structure-factor techniques for quantifying and detecting spatial structure.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, http://www.santafe.edu/projects/CompMech/papers/2dnnn.html
title: Challenges, Barriers and Enablers to the Implementation of and Engagement in Formative Assessment:
title: An Analysis and Exploration within Higher Education
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ward, Kath
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2025

description: Formative assessment is a strategy that can be used by lecturers and
 students to provide information that they can use as feedback to adapt
 their teaching and learning strategies. Despite this, its implementation
 within higher education has reportedly been inconsistent for various
 reasons. The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges to
 implementing formative assessment in higher education institutions and the
 barriers and enablers to student engagement with it. The study used a
 design-based action research approach. Data collection methods consisted
 of informal observations, a literature review, focus group interviews,
 individual semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys. Data were
 analysed thematically. Seven themes were identified in the literature
 review findings and four themes from the fieldwork data. The discussion
 considers a number of factors that impact on engagement and implementation
 of formative assessment. These are, the complex relationship between
 formative and summative assessment, the burden of formative assessment,
 issues relating to assessment literacy, problems of peer review and
 integration of formative assessment into programme structures.

 This thesis provides an original contribution to the research around
 formative assessment through its combined use of two theoretical lenses,
 Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Practice Architectures. The
 study facilitates an exploration of how the broader, more pervasive
 structural elements of an institution create controlling environments
 which impact on teaching and learning settings and then in turn on student
 motivation and engagement. The use of a design-based action research
 approach together with these two theoretical frameworks produces some
 empirically and theoretically informed design propositions with which to
 design and construct a programme-wide formative assessment strategy. A
 further original contribution is the way in which key concepts from both
 Self-Determination Theory and the Theory of Practice Architectures have
 informed these propositions.