cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detecting Changing Polarization Structures in Sagittarius A* with High Frequency VLBI
Creators: name: Fish, Vincent L.
name: Doeleman, Sheperd S.
name: Broderick, Avery E.
name: Loeb, Abraham
name: Rogers, Alan E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sagittarius A* is the source of near infrared, X-ray, radio, and (sub)millimeter emission associated with the supermassive black hole at the Galactic Center. In the submillimeter regime, Sgr A* exhibits time-variable linear polarization on timescales corresponding to <10 Schwarzschild radii of the presumed 4 million solar mass black hole. In previous work, we demonstrated the potential for total-intensity (sub)millimeter-wavelength VLBI to detect time-variable -- and periodic -- source structure changes in the Sgr A* black hole system using nonimaging analyses. Here we extend this work to include full polarimetric VLBI observations. We simulate full-polarization (sub)millimeter VLBI data of Sgr A* using a hot-spot model that is embedded within an accretion disk, with emphasis on nonimaging polarimetric data products that are robust against calibration errors. Although the source-integrated linear polarization fraction in the models is typically only a few percent, the linear polarization fraction on small angular scales can be much higher, enabling the detection of changes in the polarimetric structure of Sgr A* on a wide variety of baselines. The shortest baselines track the source-integrated linear polarization fraction, while longer baselines are sensitive to polarization substructures that are beam-diluted by connected-element interferometry. The detection of periodic variability in source polarization should not be significantly affected even if instrumental polarization terms cannot be calibrated out. As more antennas are included in the (sub)mm-VLBI array, observations with full polarization will provide important new diagnostics to help disentangle intrinsic source polarization from Faraday rotation effects in the accretion and outflow region close to the black hole event horizon.
description: 11 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ
A constitutive model for unsaturated cemented soils under cyclic loading
Creators: name: Yang, C.
name: Cui, Yu-Jun
name: Pereira, Jean-Michel
name: Huang, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of plastic bounding surface model, the damage theory for structured soils and unsaturated soil mechanics, an elastoplastic model for unsaturated loessic soils under cyclic loading has been elaborated. Firstly, the description of bond degradation in a damage framework is given, linking the damage of soil's structure to the accumulated strain. The Barcelona Basic Model (BBM) was considered for the suction effects. The elastoplastic model is then integrated into a bounding surface plasticity framework in order to model strain accumulation along cyclic loading, even under small stress levels. The validation of the proposed model is conducted by comparing its predictions with the experimental results from multi-level cyclic triaxial tests performed on a natural loess sampled beside the Northern French railway for high speed train and about 140 km far from Paris. The comparisons show the capabilities of the model to describe the behaviour of unsaturated cemented soils under cyclic loading.
A quasi-commercial Terahertz detector based on MIR thermopiles
Creators: name: Voltolina, F.
name: Dillner, U.
name: Kessler, E.
name: Bolivar, P. Haring
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrating a thermopile with a low power operational amplifier is an effective and cost-efficient approach to obtain a high performance compact Terahertz power detector. Here we present the development of such an integrated detector, including the fundamental building blocks, the final realization and related characterization. The responsivity and bandwidth of the detector are measured in a standard THz CW setup consisting of a closed cycle helium cryostat and a Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL). The predicted results are compared with measured data, showing a good agreement. Advantages of existing Golay cell THz detectors in both sensitivity and NEP figure vanish, in practical use, due to the enormous increment in dynamic range provided by the linear operation of the thermopile up to 100 mW of incident power while offering a NEP below 1nW/sqrt(Hz) and a -3dB bandwidth of 6,8 Hz.
description: 6 pages, 9 pictures, distilled with AFPL Ghostscript 7.04
Sub-hertz frequency stabilization of a commercial diode laser
Creators: name: Zhao, Y. N.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Stuhler, J.
name: Schuricht, G.
name: Lison, F.
name: Lu, Z. H.
name: Wang, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report ultra-stable locking of a commercially available extended cavity diode laser to a vibration-insensitive high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. A servo bandwidth of 2 MHz is demonstrated. The absolute stability of the diode laser after locking is measured with a three-cornered-hat method. The resulting Allan deviation reaches a level of $2.95\times10^{-15}$ at 1 s, corresponding to only 0.93 Hz linewidth, even without vibration isolation of the reference cavity.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Culicidae
Creators: name: Rueda, Leopoldo M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Culicidae

description: Key for the Identification of Fourth Stage Mosquito Larvae Associated with Dengue Virus Transmission in the Oriental Region 1. Head. Antenna spiculate (Fig. 115); seta 1 ­A branched (Fig. 115); seta 4 ­C usually caudad to seta 6 ­C (Fig. 116). Abdomen. Siphon with acus (Fig. 117)......................... ......................................................................... Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) niveus subgroup Head. Antenna smooth (Fig. 118); seta 1 ­A single (Fig. 118); seta 4 ­C cephalad to seta 6 ­C (Fig. 119). Abdomen. Siphon without acus (Fig. 120).......................................... 2 FIGURE 118. FIGURE 119. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti. FIGURE 120. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti. 2 (1). Abdomen. Ventral brush (4 ­X) with 5 pairs of setae (Fig. 121); seta 4 ­a,b X branched (Fig. 121); comb scale with stout, subapical spines (Fig. 122).............................................................................................................. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Abdomen. Ventral brush (4 ­X) with 4 pairs of setae (Fig. 123); seta 4 ­a, b X single (Fig. 123); comb scale without subapical spines (Fig. 124)....................................... ....................................................................................... Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus FIGURE 122. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti. FIGURE 124. Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus. Explanation of Notes a Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) niveus subgroup mosquitoes have been incriminated as vectors of dengue of humans in the forests. They transmit the dengue virus in monkeys in high tree canopies. Out of 11 species of Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) niveus subgroup in the Peninsular Malaysia, 9 species were found attracted to humans, both at ground and tree canopy levels, namely: Oc. albolateralis (Theobald), Oc. inermis (Colless), Oc. leonis ( Colless), Oc. litoreus (Colless), Oc. niveoides (Barraud), Oc. novoniveus (Barraud), Oc. pseudoniveus (Theobald), Oc. subniveus (Edwards), and Oc. vanus (Colless) (Rudnick and Lim 1986). b Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, can be distinguished from related species by the presence of broad flat white scales on the lateral margin of the scutum just before the level of the wing root; other species have only narrow curved white scales in this position. When scutal markings are rubbed off, Ae. aegypti can be easily misidentified as Ae. albopictus. It can be distinguished by having separated white scale patches on the mesepimeron, whereas they are connected in Ae. albopictus.
description: Published as part of Leopoldo M. Rueda, 2004, Pictorial keys for the identification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) associated with Dengue Virus Transmission, pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 589 on pages 46-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169153
Collisional decoherence in trapped atom interferometers that use non-degenerate sources
Creators: name: Stickney, James A.
name: Squires, Matthew B.
name: Scoville, James
name: Baker, Paul
name: Miller, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coherence time, and thus sensitivity, of trapped atom interferometers that use non-degenerate gasses are limited by the collisions between the atoms. An analytic model that describes the effects of collisions between atoms in an interferometer is developed. It is then applied to an interferometer using a harmonically trapped non-degenerate atomic gas that is manipulated with a single set of standing wave laser pulses. The model is used to find the optimal operating conditions of the interferometer and direct Monte-Carlo simulation of the interferometer is used to verify the analytic model.
description: (23 pages, 5 figures)
Culicidae
Creators: name: Rueda, Leopoldo M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Culicidae

description: Key for the Identification of Adult Female Mosquitoes Associated with Dengue Virus Transmission in the North, Central and South America, including the Caribbean Islands 1. Thorax. Scutum with median­longitudinal pale stripe (Fig. 125 A) and dorsocentral longitudinal pale stripes (Fig. 125 B); scutellum without broad flat white scales on all lobes forming a complete transverse band (Fig. 125 C). Leg. Hindtibia with a patch of white scales about 1 / 3 distance from base (Fig. 126)......................................................................................................... Ochlerotatus (Gymnometopa) mediovittatus a Thorax. Scutum with median­longitudinal white stripe (Fig. 133) or submedian­longitudinal white stripes (Fig. 127 B); scutellum with broad flat white scales on all lobes forming a complete transverse band (Fig. 127 C). Leg. Hindtibia without a patch of white scales (Fig. 128)................................................................................ 2 FIGURE 127. FIGURE 128. 2 (1). Thorax. Scutum black or brown with a pair of submedian­longitudinal white stripes, but without median­longitudinal white stripe, or with white lyre­shaped markings (Fig. 129); mesepimeron with two well separated white scales patches (Fig. 130). Leg. Anterior portion of midfemur with longitudinal white stripe (Fig. 131). Head. Clypeus with white scales (Fig. 132).............................. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti b Thorax. Scutum with narrow median­longitudinal white stripe (Fig. 133); mesepimeron with white scale patches not separated, forming V­shaped white patch (Fig. 134). Leg. Anterior portion of midfemur without longitudinal white stripe (Fig. 135). Head. Clypeus without white scales (Fig. 136) Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus b
description: Published as part of Leopoldo M. Rueda, 2004, Pictorial keys for the identification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) associated with Dengue Virus Transmission, pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 589 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169153
Accreted versus In Situ Milky Way Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Bridges, Terry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we examine the Milky Way's GC system to estimate the fraction of accreted versus in situ formed GCs. We first assemble a high quality database of ages and metallicities for 93 Milky Way GCs from literature deep colour-magnitude data. The age-metallicity relation for the Milky Way's GCs reveals two distinct tracks -- one with near constant old age of ~12.8 Gyr and the other branches to younger ages. We find that the latter young track is dominated by globular clusters associated with the Sagittarius and Canis Major dwarf galaxies. Despite being overly simplistic, its age-metallicity relation can be well represented by a simple closed box model with continuous star formation. The inferred chemical enrichment history is similar to that of the Large Magellanic Cloud, but is more enriched, at a given age, compared to the Small Magellanic Cloud. After excluding Sagittarius and Canis Major GCs, several young track GCs remain. Their horizontal branch morphologies are often red and hence classified as Young Halo objects, however they do not tend to reveal extended horizontal branches (a possible signature of an accreted remnant nucleus). Retrograde orbit GCs (a key signature of accretion) are commonly found in the young track. We also examine GCs that lie close to the Fornax-Leo-Sculptor great circle defined by several satellite galaxies. We find that several GCs are consistent with the young track and we speculate that they may have been accreted along with their host dwarf galaxy, whose nucleus may survive as a GC. Finally, we suggest that 27-47 GCs (about 1/4 of the entire system), from 6-8 dwarf galaxies, were accreted to build the Milky Way GC system we seen today.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, MNRAS in press
title: Möglichkeiten einer künftigen Arbeitslosigkeit und Wege zu ihrer Einschränkung
Creators: name: Sachse, Ekkehard
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Osteuropa Deutsche Demokratische Republik Arbeitslosigkeit Arbeitsmarkt Wirtschaftsreform Wirtschaftssystem Transformation

description: Das Paper wurde im Rahmen der Ost-West Konferenz (New Economic Relations beween East and West - Conference of the Kreisky Commission and the Swedish Embassy in Vienna, May 17-18, 1990) präsentiert.
description: Typoskript, 4 Blätter
Multiparticle correlations in the Schwinger mechanism
Creators: name: Fukushima, K.
name: Gelis, F.
name: Lappi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the Schwinger mechanism in scalar QED and derive the multiplicity distribution of particles created under an external electric field using the LSZ reduction formula. Assuming that the electric field is spatially homogeneous, we find that the particles of different momenta are produced independently, and that the multiplicity distribution in one mode follows a Bose-Einstein distribution. We confirm the consistency of our results with an intuitive derivation by means of the Bogoliubov transformation on creation and annihilation operators. Finally we revisit a known solvable example of time-dependent electric fields to present exact and explicit expressions for demonstration.
description: 5 figures, 37 pages v2: added references and corrected typo
Proceedings Second Joint International Workshop on Linearity & Trends in Linear Logic and Applications
Creators: name: Lago, Ugo Dal
name: de Paiva, Valeria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This volume contains a selection of papers presented at Linearity&TLLA 2020, namely the Second Joint International Workshop on Linearity & Trends in Linear Logic and Applications, held on June 29-30, 2020 online. (The workshop was supposed to take place in Paris as part of FSCD 2020, but due to the COVID pandemic it was decided not to hold the event live.) Linearity is a central concept in many theoretical and practical approaches to computer science. On the theoretical side, there is much work stemming from linear logic and dealing with resource control, complexity classes, and more recently quantum computation. On the practical side there is certainly work on program analysis, operational semantics, logic programming languages, program transformations, and efficient implementation techniques. Linear logic is not only a theoretical tool for the analysis of resource usage in logic and computation. It is also a corpus of distinct approaches and methodologies (e.g., proof nets, geometry of interaction, coherent spaces, relational models) that were originally developed for the study of linear logic's syntax and semantics have nowadays found applications in several other fields.
Culicidae
Creators: name: Rueda, Leopoldo M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Culicidae

description: Key for the Identification of Fourth Stage Mosquito Larvae Associated with Dengue Virus Transmission in the North, Central and South America, including the Caribbean Islands 1. Head. Seta 1 ­C very stout (Fig. 137); seta 4 ­C usually caudad to seta 6 ­C (Fig. 138). Abdomen. Setae 1,2 ­I­VII stellate (Fig. 139); siphon with pecten spines strongly arctuate (Fig. 140); pecten spine without subapical dentricle (Fig. 140).................... ................................................................ Ochlerotatus (Gymnometopa) mediovittatus Head. Seta 1 ­C not stout (Fig. 141); seta 4 ­C cephalad to seta 6 ­C (Fig. 142). Abdomen: Setae 1,2 ­I­VII not stellate (Fig. 143); siphon with pecten spines not strongly arctuate (Fig. 144); pecten spine with 2 or more subapical dentricles (Fig. 144)...... 2 2 (1). Abdomen. Ventral brush (4 ­X) with 5 pairs of setae (Fig. 145); seta 4 ­a,b X branched (Fig. 145); comb scale with stout, subapical spines (Fig. 146).............................................................................................................. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Abdomen. Ventral brush (4 ­X) with 4 pairs of setae (Fig. 147); seta 4 ­a, b X single (Fig. 148); comb scale without subapical spines (Fig. 148).............................................................................................................................. Aedes(Stegomyia) albopictus Explanation of Notes a Ochlerotatus mediovittatus in the adult stage can be separated from the other members of the genera Aedes and Ochlerotatus in the Americas using various diagnostic characters, namely: scutum with a narrow median­longitudinal white stripe; presence of a silver patch of scales or short line in the fossa and above the prealar knob but no patch of scales on or below the prealar knob; posterior pronotum with narrow, curved dark scales; paratergite, scutellar lobes and front of mesothoracic spiracle with broad, flat white scales; hindfemur with a long narrow white line on the anterior surface; hindtarsomeres with pale bands; and, abdominal segments 6–7 not flattened laterally unlike Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say) (B. A. Harrison, unpublished information). b Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, can be distinguished from related species by the presence of broad, flat white scales on the lateral margin of the scutum just before the level of wing root. When scutal markings are rubbed off, Ae. aegypti can be easily misidentified as Ae. albopictus. It can be distinguished by having two separate white scale patches on the mesepimeron whereas they are connected in Ae. albopictus.
description: Published as part of Leopoldo M. Rueda, 2004, Pictorial keys for the identification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) associated with Dengue Virus Transmission, pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 589 on pages 53-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169153
title: Der Übergang zur Marktwirtschaft als strategische Aufgabe
Creators: name: Sachse, Ekkehard
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Osteuropa Deutsche Demokratische Republik Soziale Marktwirtschaft Wirtschaftsreform Wirtschaftssystem Transformation

description: Auf der Rückseite der letzten Seite befinden sich Konferenz-Notizen von Josef Steindl. - Das Paper wurde im Rahmen der Ost-West Konferenz (New Economic Relations beween East and West - Conference of the Kreisky Commission and the Swedish Embassy in Vienna, May 17-18, 1990) präsentiert.
description: Typoskript, 6 Blätter
On the distribution of equivalence classes of random symmetric p-adic matrices
Creators: name: Kovaleva, Valeriya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider random symmetric matrices with independent entries distributed according to the Haar measure on $\mathbb{Z}_p$ for odd primes $p$ and derive the distribution of their canonical form with respect to several equivalence relations. We give a few examples of applications including an alternative proof for the result of Bhargava, Cremona, Fisher, Jones, and Keating on the probability that a random quadratic form over $\mathbb{Z}_p$ has a non-trivial zero.
description: 23 pages, with additional references and minor corrections
Evaluating Models of Conceptual Change
Creators: name: Handby, Edmund
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2022

description: A particular and important feature of our understanding of political concepts is their capacity to change. The meaning we associate with certain concepts will change over time and across different historical contexts. Our contemporary concept of political representation, for example, has changed since the seventeenth century, and has varied in its use in English and American political theorising respectively. In order to better understand this process, historians of ideas have advanced various models of conceptual change. These models seek to both identify instances of change, as well describe the underlying reasons that conceptual change occurs. Some of the foremost of these models are Arthur Lovejoy's 'Great Chain of Being', historical contextualism, and genealogy. Each approach emphasises different methodological elements to account for how conceptual change occurs. A review of these approaches, however, illustrates that they each have their own set of merits and shortcomings. The foremost of these shortcomings largely revolves around the difficulty in identifying what exactly is changing when it comes to 'conceptual change'. Conceptual change might well be concerned with changes in concepts, yet in some instances, the particular term changes, in others, the world is changing. The capacity of existing approaches to conceptual change to distinguish what exactly is changing is, in some respects, limited. In this Thesis, I evaluate these foremost existing models of conceptual change to determine the extent of their merits and their shortcomings. In doing so, I assess their ability to capture and identify what exactly is changing: the term, the concept, or the world. Having done so, I set out a number of elements a coherent model of conceptual change requires, and a set of shortcomings to avoid. In order to address these elements, I draw on principles from the philosophy of language, including semantic externalism and Saul Kripke's causal theory of reference, to advance an original model of conceptual change. The resulting externalist model of conceptual change captures the benefits of existing approaches, while avoiding their shortcomings. This approach will have the capacity, therefore, to identify what exactly is changing. I then illustrate how the externalist model can be applied with reference to the concept of political representation. I conclude with a broad assessment of the implications of the approach, as well as address some potential limitations.
Additional file 2 of Childhood disability in rural Niger: a population-based assessment using the Key Informant Method
Creators: name: Banks, Lena Morgon
name: Liu, Jing
name: Kielland, Anne
name: Tahirou, Ali Bako
name: Harouna, Abdoul Karim Seydou
name: Mactaggart, Islay
name: Dybdahl, Ragnhild
name: Mounkaila, Dan Firoun
name: Grønningsæter, Arne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Spin-orbit coupling for close-in planets
Creators: name: Correia, Alexandre C. M.
name: Delisle, Jean-Baptiste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the spin evolution of close-in planets in multi-body systems and present a very general formulation of the spin-orbit problem. This includes a simple way to probe the spin dynamics from the orbital perturbations, a new method for computing forced librations and tidal deformation, and general expressions for the tidal torque and capture probabilities in resonance. We show that planet-planet perturbations can drive the spin of Earth-size planets into asynchronous or chaotic states, even for nearly circular orbits. We apply our results to Mercury and to the KOI-1599 system of two super-Earths in a 3/2 mean motion resonance.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Socially-Optimal Mechanism Design for Incentivized Online Learning
Creators: name: Wang, Zhiyuan
name: Gao, Lin
name: Huang, Jianwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-arm bandit (MAB) is a classic online learning framework that studies the sequential decision-making in an uncertain environment. The MAB framework, however, overlooks the scenario where the decision-maker cannot take actions (e.g., pulling arms) directly. It is a practically important scenario in many applications such as spectrum sharing, crowdsensing, and edge computing. In these applications, the decision-maker would incentivize other selfish agents to carry out desired actions (i.e., pulling arms on the decision-maker's behalf). This paper establishes the incentivized online learning (IOL) framework for this scenario. The key challenge to design the IOL framework lies in the tight coupling of the unknown environment learning and asymmetric information revelation. To address this, we construct a special Lagrangian function based on which we propose a socially-optimal mechanism for the IOL framework. Our mechanism satisfies various desirable properties such as agent fairness, incentive compatibility, and voluntary participation. It achieves the same asymptotic performance as the state-of-art benchmark that requires extra information. Our analysis also unveils the power of crowd in the IOL framework: a larger agent crowd enables our mechanism to approach more closely the theoretical upper bound of social performance. Numerical results demonstrate the advantages of our mechanism in large-scale edge computing.
Intensity-field correlation of single-atom resonance fluorescence
Creators: name: Gerber, S.
name: Rotter, D.
name: Slodicka, L.
name: Eschner, J.
name: Carmichael, H. J.
name: Blatt, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of an intensity-field correlation function of the resonance fluorescence of a single trapped Ba+ ion. Detection of a photon prepares the atom in its ground state and we observe its subsequent evolution under interaction with a laser field of well defined phase. We record the regression of the resonance fluorescence source field. This provides a direct measurement of the field of the radiating dipole of a single atom and exhibits its strong non-classical behavior. In the experimental setup an interference measurement is conditioned on a fluorescence photon detection. The third-order correlation function thus recorded demonstrates an aspect of wave-particle duality at the single-atom, single-photon level.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted in PRL
Fake or Genuine? Contextualised Text Representation for Fake Review Detection
Creators: name: Mohawesh, Rami
name: Xu, Shuxiang
name: Springer, Matthew
name: Al-Hawawreh, Muna
name: Maqsood, Sumbal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online reviews have a significant influence on customers' purchasing decisions for any products or services. However, fake reviews can mislead both consumers and companies. Several models have been developed to detect fake reviews using machine learning approaches. Many of these models have some limitations resulting in low accuracy in distinguishing between fake and genuine reviews. These models focused only on linguistic features to detect fake reviews and failed to capture the semantic meaning of the reviews. To deal with this, this paper proposes a new ensemble model that employs transformer architecture to discover the hidden patterns in a sequence of fake reviews and detect them precisely. The proposed approach combines three transformer models to improve the robustness of fake and genuine behaviour profiling and modelling to detect fake reviews. The experimental results using semi-real benchmark datasets showed the superiority of the proposed model over state-of-the-art models.
title: Transition policies in Poland
Creators: name: Łaski, Kazimierz
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Osteuropa Polen Wirtschaftsreform Wirtschaftssystem Transformation

description: Das Paper wurde als Hintergrundpapier zur Ost-West Konferenz (New Economic Relations beween East and West - Conference of the Kreisky Commission and the Swedish Embassy in Vienna, May 17-18, 1990) verfasst.
description: Kopie der WIIW Veröffentlichung, 5 Blätter
title: High walls are unstable
Creators: name: Dietz, Raimund
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Osteuropa Deutsche Demokratische Republik Wirtschaftsreform Wirtschaftssystem Transformation

description: Das Paper wurde als Hintergrundpapier zu Ost-West Konferenz - New Economic Relations beween East and West - Conference of the Kreisky Commission and the Swedish Embassy in Vienna, May 17-18, 1990 - verfasst.
description: Kopie der WIIW Veröffentlichung, 3 Blätter, paginiert 31-35
title: Deutsch-deutsche Währungsunion und ihre Konsequenzen für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und die Europäische Gemeinschaft
Creators: name: Pohl, Reinhard
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Bundesrepublik Deutschland Deutsche Demokratische Republik Wirtschaftssystem Transformation Währungsunion

description: Das Paper wurde als Hintergrundpapier zu Ost-West Konferenz (New Economic Relations beween East and West - Conference of the Kreisky Commission and the Swedish Embassy in Vienna, May 17-18, 1990) verwendet.
description: Kopie des Vortrags, 8 Blätter
title: General Survey of Reforms in Central and Eastern Europe
Creators: name: Aintila, Heikki
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Osteuropa Mittelosteuropa Wirtschaftsreform Wirtschaftssystem Transformation Währungsunion

description: Das Paper wurde als Hintergrundpapier für die Ost-West Konferenz (New Economic Relations beween East and West - Conference of the Kreisky Commission and the Swedish Embassy in Vienna, May 17-18, 1990) verwendet.
description: Kopie des Papers, 9 Blätter
Interplay between Symmetric Exchange Anisotropy, Uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction and Magnetic Fields in the Phase Diagram of Quantum Magnets and Superconductors
Creators: name: Garate, Ion
name: Affleck, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the joint influence of uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions, symmetric exchange anisotropy (with its axis parallel to the DM vector) and arbitrarily oriented magnetic fields on one-dimensional spin 1/2 antiferromagnets. We show that the zero-temperature phase diagram contains three competing phases: (i) an antiferromagnet with Neel vector in the plane spanned by the DM vector and the magnetic field, (ii) a {\em dimerized} antiferromagnet with Neel vector perpendicular to both the DM vector and the magnetic field, and (iii) a gapless Luttinger liquid. Phase (i) is destroyed by a small magnetic field component along the DM vector and is furthermore unstable beyond a critical value of easy-plane anisotropy, which we estimate using Abelian and non-Abelian bosonization along with perturbative renormalization group. We propose a mathematical equivalent of the spin model in a one-dimensional Josephson junction (JJ) array located in proximity to a bulk superconductor. We discuss the analogues of the magnetic phases in the superconducting context and comment on their experimental viability.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev. B
The Nobel prizes in physics for astrophysics and gravitation and the Nobel prize for black holes: Past, present, and future
Creators: name: Lemos, José P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Nobel prizes in physics for astrophysics and gravitation since the establishment of the prize and highlight the 2020 Nobel prize for black holes. In addition, we comment on the names that could have received the prize in astrophysics and gravitation, and draw attention to the individuals who made outstanding contributions to black hole physics and astrophysics and should be mentioned as possible and deserved recipients of the prize. We speculate about the branches of research in astrophysics and gravitation, with an emphasis on the latter, that can be contemplated in the future with a Nobel prize.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
Dilepton radiation measured in PHENIX probing the strongly interacting matter created at RHIC
Creators: name: Akiba, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PHENIX has measured $e^+e^-$ pairs from p+p and Au+Au collisions as function of mass and $p_T$. The data can be used to probe the properties of dense matter formed in Au+Au collision. The relation between electron pairs and virtual photons is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, To appear in the conference proceedings for Quark Matter 2009, March 30 - April 4, Knoxville, Tennessee
Robust Clustering with Normal Mixture Models: A Pseudo $β$-Likelihood Approach
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Soumya
name: Basu, Ayanendranath
name: Ghosh, Abhik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: As in other estimation scenarios, likelihood based estimation in the normal mixture set-up is highly non-robust against model misspecification and presence of outliers (apart from being an ill-posed optimization problem). A robust alternative to the ordinary likelihood approach for this estimation problem is proposed which performs simultaneous estimation and data clustering and leads to subsequent anomaly detection. To invoke robustness, the methodology based on the minimization of the density power divergence (or alternatively, the maximization of the $β$-likelihood) is utilized under suitable constraints. An iteratively reweighted least squares approach has been followed in order to compute the proposed estimators for the component means (or equivalently cluster centers) and component dispersion matrices which leads to simultaneous data clustering. Some exploratory techniques are also suggested for anomaly detection, a problem of great importance in the domain of statistics and machine learning. The proposed method is validated with simulation studies under different set-ups; it performs competitively or better compared to the popular existing methods like K-medoids, TCLUST, trimmed K-means and MCLUST, especially when the mixture components (i.e., the clusters) share regions with significant overlap or outlying clusters exist with small but non-negligible weights (particularly in higher dimensions). Two real datasets are also used to illustrate the performance of the newly proposed method in comparison with others along with an application in image processing. The proposed method detects the clusters with lower misclassification rates and successfully points out the outlying (anomalous) observations from these datasets.
Arms Flow into the Gulf: Process of Buying Security
Creators: name: Sredhar
Publisher: name: Research School of Pacific Studies, the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre
Year: 1982
Subjects: Military Policy
Persian Gulf

description: What are the threat perceptions of the 'Gulf Countries', and how capable are the armed forces of these countries to deal with them? While answering these questions, the author establishes that there is no correlation between the perceived threats and the type of arms being acquired by these countries. the sales policies of the arms manufacturing countries indicate that they wanted to quire a certain amount of leverage by selling the most advanced equipment in the Gulf. The Gulf countries, on the other hand, see such sophisticated arms purchases as the best method of involving the super powers and their allies in protecting their security interests.
title: On the Sustainability of Full Employment: the Interaction between the Labour and the Product Market
Creators: name: Bhaduri, Amit
Year: 2017

description: A version of this paper was delivered at the Political Economy Seminar, Harvard University (March, 1990). - Handschriftliche Anmerkung des Verfassers: " For a volume in memory of Sukhamoy Chakravarty".
description: Kopie eines Typoskripts mit kopierten handschriftliche Anmerkungen des Verfassers sowie handschriftlichen Anmerkungen von Josef Steindl, 23 Blätter
title: Effektive Nachfrage, Beschäftigung und Kapitalnutzung in der kurzen und langen Frist
Creators: name: Kurz, Heinz D.
Year: 2017

description: Widmung des Verfassers: "Lieber Herr Steindl, anbei ein kleiner Versuch zum Thema 'effektive Nachfrage'. Für Kommentare wäre ich Ihnen sehr dankbar. Mit freundlichen Grüßen, Ihr Heinz Kurz".
description: Typoskript mit persönlicher Widmung des Verfassers sowie handschriftlichen Anstreichungen und Anmerkungen von Josef Steindl, 35 Blätter
Nonstationary covariance models for global data
Creators: name: Jun, Mikyoung
name: Stein, Michael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the widespread availability of satellite-based instruments, many geophysical processes are measured on a global scale and they often show strong nonstationarity in the covariance structure. In this paper we present a flexible class of parametric covariance models that can capture the nonstationarity in global data, especially strong dependency of covariance structure on latitudes. We apply the Discrete Fourier Transform to data on regular grids, which enables us to calculate the exact likelihood for large data sets. Our covariance model is applied to global total column ozone level data on a given day. We discuss how our covariance model compares with some existing models.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOAS183 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Detection of anomalous element distribution in the extremely slowly rotating magnetic O9.7 V star HD 54879
Creators: name: Järvinen, S. P.
name: Hubrig., S.
name: Schöller, M.
name: Cikota, A.
name: Ilyin, I.
name: Hummel., C. A.
name: Küker, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The O9.7 V star HD 54879 is currently the only massive magnetic star whose magnetic field geometry and rotation period are not constrained. Over the last three years, we gathered additional observations of this star, obtained using various instruments at several astronomical facilities with, the aim to constrain the rotation period and the magnetic field geometry. The new data include the first full Stokes vector observations with the PEPSI spectropolarimeter, installed at the Large Binocular Telescope. The acquired spectropolarimetric observations show a very slow magnetic field variability related to the extremely slow rotation of HD 54879, which is also indicated in a dynamical spectrum, displaying variability of the H$α$ line. The most intriguing result of our study is the discovery of differences in longitudinal magnetic field strengths measured using different LSD masks containing lines belonging to different elements. It is the first time that such a differential analysis of the field strength in dependence of the used lines is carried out for a magnetic O-type star. Since the LSD Stokes $I$ profiles of the studied O, Si, and He line masks remain stable over all observing epochs, we conclude that the detection of different field strengths using lines belonging to these elements is related to the different formation depths, with the He lines formed much higher in the stellar atmosphere compared to the silicon and the oxygen lines, and NLTE effects. Our numerical magnetospherical model suggests the presence of enhanced gas density that fills the volume inside the field lines close to the star.
description: This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society
Quenching through Dirac and semi-Dirac points in optical Lattices: Kibble-Zurek scaling for anisotropic Quantum-Critical systems
Creators: name: Dutta, Amit
name: Singh, R. R. P.
name: Divakaran, Uma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that Kibble-Zurek scaling can be studied in optical lattices by creating geometries that support, Dirac, Semi-Dirac and Quadratic Band Crossings. On a Honeycomb lattice with fermions, as a staggered on-site potential is varied through zero, the system crosses the gapless Dirac points, and we show that the density of defects created scales as $1/τ$, where $τ$ is the inverse rate of change of the potential, in agreement with the Kibble-Zurek relation. We generalize the result for a passage through a semi-Dirac point in $d$ dimensions, in which spectrum is linear in $m$ parallel directions and quadratic in rest of the perpendicular $(d-m)$ directions. We find that the defect density is given by $ 1 /{τ^{mν_{||}z_{||}+(d-m)ν_{\perp}z_{\perp}}}$ where $ν_{||}, z_{||}$ and $ν_{\perp},z_{\perp}$ are the dynamical exponents and the correlation length exponents along the parallel and perpendicular directions, respectively. The scaling relations are also generalized to the case of non-linear quenching.
Simulative Investigation on the Electronic, Vibrational and Optical Properties of the Ge2Sb2Te5 Chalcogenide
Creators: name: Tsafack Tsopbeng, Thierry Bienvenu <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2010
Subjects: ING-INF/01 Elettronica

description: Chalcogenides are chemical compounds with at least one of the following three chemical elements: Sulfur (S), Selenium (Sn),  and Tellurium (Te). As opposed to other materials, chalcogenide atomic arrangement can quickly and reversibly inter-change between crystalline, amorphous and liquid phases. Therefore they are also called phase change materials. As a results, chalcogenide thermal, optical, structural, electronic, electrical properties change pronouncedly and significantly with the phase they are in, leading to a host of different applications in different areas. The noticeable optical reflectivity difference between crystalline and amorphous phases has allowed optical storage devices to be made. Their very high thermal conductivity and heat fusion provided remarkable benefits in the frame of thermal energy storage for heating and cooling in residential and commercial buildings. The outstanding resistivity difference between crystalline and amorphous phases led to a significant improvement of solid state storage devices from the power consumption to the re-writability to say nothing of the shrinkability. This work focuses on a better understanding from a simulative stand point of the electronic, vibrational and optical properties for the crystalline phases (hexagonal and faced-centered cubic).
The electronic properties are calculated implementing the density functional theory combined with pseudo-potentials, plane waves and the local density approximation. The phonon properties are computed using the density functional perturbation theory. The phonon dispersion and spectrum are calculated using the density functional perturbation theory.
 As it relates to the optical constants, the real part dielectric function  is calculated through the Drude-Lorentz expression. The imaginary part results from the real part through the Kramers-Kronig transformation. The refractive index, the extinctive and absorption coefficients are analytically calculated from the dielectric function. The transmission and reflection coefficients are calculated using the Fresnel equations. All calculated optical constants compare well the experimental ones.
Prague dimension of random graphs
Creators: name: Guo, He
name: Patton, Kalen
name: Warnke, Lutz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Prague dimension of graphs was introduced by Nesetril, Pultr and Rodl in the 1970s. Proving a conjecture of Furedi and Kantor, we show that the Prague dimension of the binomial random graph is typically of order n/log n for constant edge-probabilities. The main new proof ingredient is a Pippenger-Spencer type edge-coloring result for random hypergraphs with large uniformities, i.e., edges of size O(log n).
description: 20 pages
Graphmax for Text Generation
Creators: name: Bin, Liu
name: Guosheng, Yin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In text generation, a large language model (LM) makes a choice of each new word based only on the former selection of its context using the softmax function. Nevertheless, the link statistics information of concurrent words based on a scene-specific corpus is valuable in choosing the next word, which can help to ensure the topic of the generated text to be aligned with the current task. To fully explore the co-occurrence information,we propose a graphmax function for task-specific text generation. Using the graph-based regularization, graphmax enables the final word choice to be determined by both the global knowledge from the LM and the local knowledge from the scene-specific corpus. The traditional softmax function is regularized with a graph total variation (GTV) term, which incorporates the local knowledge into the LM and encourages the model to consider the statistical relationships between words in a scene-specific corpus. The proposed graphmax is versatile and can be readily plugged into any large pre-trained LM for text generation and machine translation. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that the new GTV-based regularization can improve performances in various natural language processing tasks in comparison with existing methods. Moreover, through human experiments, we observe that participants can easily distinguish the text generated by graphmax or softmax.