Protopolybia bituberculata Silveira & Carpenter 1995
Creators: name: Dos Santos Junior, José N. A.
name: Silveira, Orlando T.
name: Carpenter, James M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Vespidae
Protopolybia
Protopolybia bituberculata

description: Protopolybia bituberculata Silveira & Carpenter, 1995
Protopolybia sedula var. exigua: Ducke 1910: 474 (misidentification).
Polybia nana Cameron 1912: 209 [lectotype: ♀, Guyana (Cameron) (BMNH), designated by Richards (1978); examined], syn. nov. Nom. praeocc., nec Polybia nana de Saussure 1863 = Leipomeles dorsata (Fabricius, 1804). Protopolybia bituberculata Silveira & Carpenter, 1995: 48, Figs 1 A, 2A, 3 (holotype: ♀, Brasil, Pará, Vigia, Campo do Palha, 8.xii.1988 (I.S. Gorayeb) (MPEG); examined).
Diagnosis. Length of fore wing 4.0 mm; ground color brown or black richly marked with yellow; propodeum with posterior face projecting symmetrically to either side of median groove, forming two moderately high protuberances; T1 longer than wide; male genitalia with medial lobes of aedeagus pointed laterally and strongly sclerotized.
Material examined. Holotype ♀, BRAZIL, Pará, Vigia, Campo do Palha, 8.xii.1988 (I.S. Gorayeb) (MPEG). Paratypes. BRAZIL: Pará, 41 ♀, São Francisco, 8.vii.1977 (W. Overal) (MPEG); PERU: Dpto. Loreto, 48 ♀, Yana Yacu, 111m 05°50’S 74°01’W, 8.iii.2000 (Carpenter & Davidson) (AMNH); BRAZIL: Pará,, 4 ♀, Altamira, Area 1 – Itapuama, 52°20’43’’S 3°36’20’’W, 9.xi.2007 (O.T. Silveira & Equipe), 6 ♀ (paratypes), Belém Utinga Forest, 14.xi.1967 (R.L. Jeanne) (MPEG), 65 ♀ (paratypes), Belém Utinga Forest, 14.ix.1967 (R.L. Jeanne) (AMNH); Amazonas, (MPEG) 1 ♀ (paratype), Alvarães, 17.vi.1994 (I.S. Gorayeb & O.T. Silveira), 1 ♀ Taracua, vi.1949 (J.C.M. Carvalho), 1 ♀, Manicoré (Parko) (UFRJ-MN), 1 ♀, Rio Tarumã Mirim, 2km from Rio Negro, 03°2’S – 060°17’W, 27 july79 [27.vii.1979] (Igapo) (Black water innundation forest canopy fogged with Pyrethrum Canopy Fogging Project TRS#01, tray# 055) (Adis, Erwin, Montgomery et al.), 1 ♀, Paraná do Xiboreninho, 03°15’S – 060°00’W, 7aug.79 [7.viii.1979] (mixed water, Canopy Fogging Project TRS#06, tray# 33) (Adis, Erwin, Montgomery et al.) (INPA), 4 ♀, Manaus, R. Ducke (Copa Arv), 26.xi.1981 (J.A. Rafael), 4 ♀, same data, Tarumãmirim, 08.i.1991 (G.A.R. Melo) (UFPR).
Distribution. Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, * Guyana.
Remarks. Cameron (1912) described Polybia nana from Guyana. Richards (1978) treated it as a synonym of Protopolybia exigua exigua. However, nana presents the propodeum with the posterior face projecting symmetrically to either side of the median groove just as in P. bituberculata, and the frons also presents a trilobate mark. Cameron´s name is however unavailable since it is a junior homonym of Polybia nana de Saussure, which is in turn a junior synonym of Leipomeles dorsata (Fabricius).
description: Published as part of Dos Santos Junior, José N. A., Silveira, Orlando T. & Carpenter, James M., 2015, Phylogeny of Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 and taxonomic revision of the Protopolybia exigua species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), with description of four new species, pp. 151-182 in Zootaxa 3956 (2) on pages 168-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/237836