cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Search for pair production of excited top quarks in the lepton + jets final state
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is performed for pair-produced spin-3/2 excited top quarks (t* t*-bar), each decaying to a top quark and a gluon. The search uses data collected with the CMS detector from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, selecting events that have a single isolated muon or electron, an imbalance in transverse momentum, and at least six jets, of which one must be compatible with originating from the fragmentation of a b quark. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns, show no significant excess over standard model predictions, and provide a lower limit of 803 GeV at 95% confidence on the mass of the spin-3/2 t* quark in an extension of the Randall-Sundrum model, assuming a 100% branching fraction of its decay into a top quark and a gluon. This is the first search for a spin-3/2 excited top quark performed at the LHC.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Sur une conjecture de Kato et Kuzumaki concernant les hypersurfaces de Fano
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Nous montrons que les corps p-adiques et les corps de nombres totalement imaginaires vérifient la propriété C_1^1 conjecturée par Kato et Kuzumaki en 1986. Autrement dit, si k est l'un de ces corps et f(x_0, ..., x_n) est un polynôme homogène de degré au plus n à coefficients dans k, tout élément de k s'écrit comme produit de normes depuis des extensions finies de k dans lesquelles f admet un zéro non trivial. Nous établissons aussi la conjecture d'Ax sur les corps pseudo-algébriquement clos parfaits pour les corps dont le groupe de Galois absolu est un pro-p-groupe. ----- We prove that p-adic fields as well as totally imaginary number fields satisfy the C_1^1 property conjectured by Kato and Kuzumaki in 1986. In other words, if k denotes such a field and f(x_0, ..., x_n) is a homogeneous polynomial of degree at most n with coefficients in k, every element of k may be written as a product of norms from finite extensions of k in which f possesses a nontrivial zero. As a by-product of the proof, we also establish Ax's conjecture about perfect pseudo-algebraically closed fields for fields whose absolute Galois group is a pro-p-group.
description: 20 pages, in French; slightly improved exposition, minor typos corrected, final version
De novo apical domain formation inside the Drosophila adult midgut epithelium.
Creators: name: Chen, Jia
name: St Johnston, Daniel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Research Article
Cell Biology
epithelial cells
midgut
apical-basal polarity
septate junction
brush border
D. melanogaster

description: Peer reviewed: True
description: In the adult Drosophila midgut, basal intestinal stem cells give rise to enteroblasts that integrate into the epithelium as they differentiate into enterocytes. Integrating enteroblasts must generate a new apical domain and break through the septate junctions between neighbouring enterocytes, while maintaining barrier function. We observe that enteroblasts form an apical membrane initiation site (AMIS) when they reach the septate junction between the enterocytes. Cadherin clears from the apical surface and an apical space appears between above the enteroblast. New septate junctions then form laterally with the enterocytes and the AMIS develops into an apical domain below the enterocyte septate junction. The enteroblast therefore forms a pre-assembled apical compartment before it has a free apical surface in contact with the gut lumen. Finally, the enterocyte septate junction disassembles and the enteroblast/pre-enterocyte reaches the gut lumen with a fully formed brush border. The process of enteroblast integration resembles lumen formation in mammalian epithelial cysts, highlighting the similarities between the fly midgut and mammalian epithelia.
Physical Interpretation of Radiative Corrections: Electron g -2, Lamb Shift, and the D-term
Creators: Reza, Syed Navid
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Gravitational interaction of particles is understood in terms of energy-momentum tensor (EMT) which gives information regarding the fundamental properties of a particle like mass

and spin. When the matrix element of the energy-momentum tensor is written in terms of EMT form factors, we get an additional fundamental property, the D-term. The D-term is

related to the spatial components of the EMT and refers to pressure, shear force distribution, and how strong forces inside the nucleon balance to form a bound state. However, the proper

interpretation of the D-term is still being disputed. The D-term started gaining a lot of attention recently and experiments are ongoing in JLab and are planned in the Electron-Ion Collider in Brookhaven to measure the D-term through the deeply-virtual Compton scattering process.

In this thesis, we will present an intuitive explanation of radiative corrections in quantum electrodynamics with examples of electron g-2 and Lamb shift. We will determine the D-term for a bound system like hydrogen and calculate the leading order and next-to-leading order logarithmic correction to the D-term of hydrogen atom. The goal is to verify the claim of [1] that the next-to-leading order logarithmic correction to the D-term of hydrogen follows the same physics as the Lamb shift. As a main result of this thesis, using our discussion of the radiative corrections, we will show that although the D-term has a logarithmically enhanced term like the Lamb shift, the physics is quite different from the Lamb shift.
Additional file 1 of Are We Jumping to the Wrong Conclusions? Longer Jumps and More Hops in Female Football Players Who Went on to Sustain a Primary or Secondary ACL Injury Compared to Those Who Did Not
Creators: name: Fältström, Anne
name: Kvist, Joanna
name: Hägglund, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. Table (Supplementary). Hop test results and group differences between players who went on to sustain or did not sustain a new non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in female football players with (n = 117) a previous primary ACL reconstruction
Constraining Alternative Gravity Theories Using The Solar Neutrino Problem
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino flavor oscillation is studied in some classes of alternative gravity theories in a plane specified by $θ=π/2$, exploiting the spherical symmetry and general equations for oscillation phases are given. We first calculate the phase in a general static spherically symmetric model and then we discuss some spherically symmetric solutions in alternative gravity theories. Among them we discuss the effect of cosmological term in Schwarzschild-(anti)de Sitter solution, which is the vacuum solution in $F(R)$ theory, the effect of charge and Gauss-Bonnet coupling parameter on the oscillation phase is presented. Finally we discuss a charged solution with spherical symmetry in $F(R)$ theory and also its implication to the oscillation phase. We calculate the oscillation length and transition probability in these spherically symmetric spacetime and have presented a graphical representation for transition probability with various choice for parameters in our theory. From this we could constrain parameters appearing in these alternative theories using standard solar neutrino results.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables; Mathches Published Version
Amplitude Fluctuations Driven by the Density of Electron Pairs within Nanosize Granular Structuters inside Strongly Disordered Superconductors: Evidence for a Shell-Like Effect
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sanjib
name: Mandal, Sudhansu S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent observation of the shell effect in a nanoscale pure superconductor by Bose {\em et al} [Nat. Mat. {\bf 9}, 550 (2010)], we explore the possible shell-like effect in a strongly disordered superconductor as it is known to produce nanosize superconducting puddles (SPs). We find a remarkable change in the texture of the pairing amplitudes that is responsible for forming the SP, upon monotonic tuning of the average electron density, $\langle n \rangle$, and keeping the disorder landscape unaltered. Both the spatially averaged pairing amplitude and the quasiparticle excitation gap oscillate with $\langle n \rangle$. This oscillation is due to a rapid change in the low-lying quasiparticle energy spectra and thereby a change in the shapes and positions of the SPs. We establish a correlation between the formation of SPs and the shell-like effect. The experimental consequences of our theory are also discussed.
description: Title, abstract, and the text have been modified
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV in events with a single lepton, large jet multiplicity, and multiple b jets
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are reported from a search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, based on events with a single isolated lepton (electron or muon) and multiple jets, at least two of which are identified as b jets. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.3 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2012. The search is motivated by supersymmetric models that involve strong-production processes and cascade decays of new particles. The resulting final states contain multiple jets as well as missing transverse momentum from weakly interacting particles. The event yields, observed across several kinematic regions, are consistent with the expectations from standard model processes. The results are interpreted in the context of simplified supersymmetric scenarios with pair production of gluinos, where each gluino decays to a top quark-antiquark pair and the lightest neutralino. For the case of decays via virtual top squarks, gluinos with a mass smaller than 1.26 TeV are excluded for low neutralino masses.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Supplementary Materials for Programmed cell death has species-specific fitness effects in the microalgae Ankistrodesmus (Sphaeropleales, Selenastraceae) from Species-specific effects and the ecological role of programmed cell death in the microalgae Ankistrodesmus (Sphaeropleales, Selenastraceae)
Creators: name: Barreto Filho, Marcelo M.
name: Vieira, Helena H.
name: Morris, J. Jeffrey
name: Bagatini, Inessa L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: This document includes: Supplemental Figs. S1 to S4 & Supplemental Tables S1 to S9
Additional file 1 of Aggregated Hendra virus C-protein activates the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce inflammation
Creators: name: Barry, Kristian
name: Harpur, Christopher
name: Lam, Maggie
name: Tate, Michelle D.
name: Mansell, Ashley
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 1
Suzaku observations of the diffuse x-ray emission across the fermi bubbles' edges
Creators: name: Kataoka, J.
name: Tahara, M.
name: Totani, T.
name: Sofue, Y.
name: Stawarz, L.
name: Takahashi, Y.
name: Takeuchi, Y.
name: Tsunemi, H.
name: Kimura, M.
name: Takei, Y.
name: Cheung, C. C.
name: Inoue, Y.
name: Nakamori, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Suzaku X-ray observations along two edge regions of the Fermi Bubbles, with eight ~20 ksec pointings across the northern part of the North Polar Spur (NPS) surrounding the north bubble and six across the southernmost edge of the south bubble. After removing compact X-ray features, diffuse X-ray emission is clearly detected and is well reproduced by a three-component spectral model consisting of unabsorbed thermal emission (temperature kT ~0.1 keV from the Local Bubble (LB), absorbed kT ~0.3 keV thermal emission related to the NPS and/or Galactic Halo (GH), and a power-law component at a level consistent with the cosmic X-ray background. The emission measure (EM) of the 0.3 keV plasma decreases by ~50% toward the inner regions of the north-east bubble, with no accompanying temperature change. However, such a jump in the EM is not clearly seen in the south bubble data. While it is unclear if the NPS originates from a nearby supernova remnant or is related to previous activity within/around the Galactic Center, our Suzaku observations provide evidence suggestive of the latter scenario. In the latter framework, the presence of a large amount of neutral matter absorbing the X-ray emission as well as the existence of the kT ~ 0.3 keV gas can be naturally interpreted as a weak shock driven by the bubbles' expansion in the surrounding medium, with velocity v_exp ~300 km/s (corresponding to shock Mach number M ~1.5), compressing the GH gas to form the NPS feature. We also derived an upper limit for any non-thermal X-ray emission component associated with the bubbles and demonstrate, that in agreement with the findings above, the non-thermal pressure and energy estimated from a one-zone leptonic model of its broad-band spectrum, are in rough equilibrium with that of the surrounding thermal plasma.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted by ApJ
Pre-thermalization in a non-integrable quantum spin chain after a quench
Creators: name: Marcuzzi, Matteo
name: Marino, Jamir
name: Gambassi, Andrea
name: Silva, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of a quantum Ising chain after the sudden introduction of a non-integrable long-range interaction. Via an exact mapping onto a fully-connected lattice of hard-core bosons, we show that a pre-thermal state emerges and we investigate its features by focusing on a class of physically relevant observables. In order to gain insight into the eventual thermalization, we outline a diagrammatic approach which complements the study of the previous quasi-stationary state and provides the basis for a self-consistent solution of the kinetic equation. This analysis suggests that both the temporal decay towards the pre-thermal state and the crossover to the eventual thermal one may occur algebraically.
description: revised version, 5 pages, 2 figures
Ecological Impacts of Extreme Climatic Events on Mountain Lakes and Ponds
Creators: Nagao, Tamika Leigh Ann
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Global warming is contributing to extreme climatic events, especially at higher elevations and latitudes. Phytoplankton assemblages are highly sensitive to these climate-related environmental changes, which include heatwaves and drought events. Knowledge gaps exist concerning the cumulative impact of environmental warming and drought on aquatic alpine communities, and whether it depends on the order of exposure to each stressor. In this thesis, I investigated climate-related predictors of alpine phytoplankton assemblages across 72 lakes in national mountain parks, and the effects of an experimental heatwave and drought event on periphyton, phytoplankton, macroinvertebrate, and rotifer assemblages in fishless alpine pond mesocosms. Mean annual precipitation, lake depth, and lake surface area were all identified as significant predictors of phytoplankton biomass. Mean annual precipitation and air temperature explained among-site variance in taxonomically diagnostic algal pigment concentration, but not genera biomass. In the mesocosm experiment, simultaneous exposure to a heatwave and drought resulted in antagonistic impacts as drought overrode the effect of heating on most taxonomic groups, especially in the case of the phytoplankton and benthic invertebrate assemblages. However, sequential exposure to the two stressors resulted in a multiplicative effect on the phytoplankton assemblage. Altering the order of exposure to drought and warming had a significant effect on periphyton biomass and assemblage. My findings highlight the dominant role that increasingly frequent drought events will likely play in structuring shallow mountain lake and pond communities under a rapidly warming climate.
Compound Poisson Processes, Latent Shrinkage Priors and Bayesian Nonconvex Penalization
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhihua
name: Li, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we discuss Bayesian nonconvex penalization for sparse learning problems. We explore a nonparametric formulation for latent shrinkage parameters using subordinators which are one-dimensional Lévy processes. We particularly study a family of continuous compound Poisson subordinators and a family of discrete compound Poisson subordinators. We exemplify four specific subordinators: Gamma, Poisson, negative binomial and squared Bessel subordinators. The Laplace exponents of the subordinators are Bernstein functions, so they can be used as sparsity-inducing nonconvex penalty functions. We exploit these subordinators in regression problems, yielding a hierarchical model with multiple regularization parameters. We devise ECME (Expectation/Conditional Maximization Either) algorithms to simultaneously estimate regression coefficients and regularization parameters. The empirical evaluation of simulated data shows that our approach is feasible and effective in high-dimensional data analysis.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-BA892 in the Bayesian Analysis (http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ba) by the International Society of Bayesian Analysis (http://bayesian.org/)
Towards a model-independent approach to the analysis of interference effects in pair production of new heavy quarks
Creators: name: Barducci, Daniele
name: Belyaev, Alexander
name: Blamey, Jacob
name: Moretti, Stefano
name: Panizzi, Luca
name: Prager, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model independent approach for the analysis of interference effects in the process of QCD pair production of new heavy quarks of different species that decay into Standard Model particles, including decays via flavour changing neutral currents. By adopting as ansatz a simple analytical formula we show that one can accurately describe the interference between two different such particles pairs leading to the same final state using information about masses, total widths and couplings. A study of the effects on differential distributions is also performed showing that, when interference plays a relevant role, the distributions of the full process can be obtained by a simple rescaling of the distributions of either quark contributing to the interference term. We also present the range of validity of the analytical expression that we have found.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted by JHEP, new section and further paragraphs about the region of validity of our approach added, added further references, typos corrected
Designing a smart System Embedded with Biosensors for Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from Fruits and Vegetables
Creators: name: Dr SURENDRA KUMAR YADAV
name: KHAN, AMANULLA
name: Dr. MAHINDRA HIRALAL MALI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Designing a smart System Embedded with Biosensors for Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from Fruits and Vegetables. (Patent Application No. 202211057504). By Official Journal of the Patent Office India. The Patent Office Journal No. 42/2022 Dated: 21/10/2022 Page: 67235.
Analysis of the X(3872), Z_c(3900) and Z_c(3885) as axial-vector tetraquark states with QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
name: Huang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we distinguish the charge conjunctions of the interpolating currents, calculate the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to dimension-10 in a consistent way in the operator product expansion, study the masses and pole residues of the $J^{PC}=1^{+\pm}$ hidden charmed tetraquark states with the QCD sum rules, and explore the energy scale dependence in details for the first time. The predictions $M_{X}=3.87^{+0.09}_{-0.09}\,\rm{GeV}$ and $M_{Z}=3.91^{+0.11}_{-0.09}\,\rm{GeV}$ support assigning the $X(3872)$ and $Z_c(3900)$ (or $Z_c(3885)$) as the $1^{++}$ and $1^{+-}$ diquark-antidiquark type tetraquark states, respectively.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
Minimal Length and Small Scale Structure of Spacetime
Creators: name: Kothawala, Dawood
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many generic arguments support the existence of a minimum spacetime interval $L_0$. Such a "zero-point" length can be naturally introduced in a locally Lorentz invariant manner via Synge's world function bi-scalar $Ω(p,P)$ which measures squared geodesic interval between spacetime events $p$ and $P$. I show that there exists a \emph{non-local} deformation of spacetime geometry given by a \emph{disformal} coupling of metric to the bi-scalar $Ω(p,P)$, which yields a geodesic interval of $L_0$ in the limit $p \rightarrow P$. Locality is recovered when $Ω(p,P) >> L_0^2/2$. I discuss several conceptual implications of the resultant small-scale structure of spacetime for QFT propagators as well as spacetime singularities.
description: v3: 6 pages; added details and a discussion on the relationship between minimal length and maximal acceleration; final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Long wavelength instability of coherent structures in plane Couette flow
Creators: name: Melnikov, Konstantin
name: Kreilos, Tobias
name: Eckhardt, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability of coherent structures in plane Couette flow against long-wavelength perturbations in wide domains that cover several pairs of coherent structures. For one and two pairs of vortices, the states retain the stability properties of the small domains, but for three pairs new unstable modes are found. They are shown to be connected to bifurcations that break the translational symmetry and drive the coherent structures from the spanwise extended state to a modulated one that is a precursor to spanwise localized states. Tracking the stability of the orbits as functions of the spanwise wave length reveals a rich variety of additional bifurcations.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Physical Review E
Correlations in Quantum Spin Systems from the Boundary Effect
Creators: name: Cho, Jaeyoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the boundary effect on the ground state as an attribute of general local spin systems that restricts the correlations in the ground state. To this end, we introduce what we call a boundary effect function, which characterises not only the boundary effect, but also the thermodynamic limit of the ground state. We prove various aspects of the boundary effect function to unfold its relationship to other attributes of the system such as a finite spectral gap above the ground state, two-point correlation functions, and entanglement entropies. In particular, it is proven that an exponentially decaying boundary effect function implies the exponential clustering of two-point correlation functions in arbitrary spatial dimension, the entanglement area law in one dimension, and the logarithmically corrected area law in higher dimension. It is also proven that gapped local spin systems with nondegenerate ground states ordinarily fall into that class. In one dimension, the area law can also result from a moderately decaying boundary effect function, in which case the system is thermodynamically gapless.
Binary Cepheids from optical interferometry
Creators: name: Gallenne, A.
name: Kervella, P.
name: Mérand, A.
name: Monnier, J. D.
name: Pietrzyński, J. Breitfelder G.
name: Gieren, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical Cepheid stars have been considered since more than a century as reliable tools to estimate distances in the universe thanks to their Period-Luminosity (P-L) relationship. Moreover, they are also powerful astrophysical laboratories, providing fundamental clues for studying the pulsation and evolution of intermediate-mass stars. When in binary systems, we can investigate the age and evolution of the Cepheid, estimate the mass and distance, and constrain theoretical models. However, most of the companions are located too close to the Cepheid (1-40 mas) to be spatially resolved with a 10-meter class telescope. The only way to spatially resolve such systems is to use long-baseline interferometry. Recently, we have started a unique and long-term interferometric program that aims at detecting and characterizing physical parameters of the Cepheid companions, with as main objectives the determination of accurate masses and geometric distances.
description: 8 pages, Proceeding of the conference "Setting a new standard in the analysis of binary stars", September 2013, Leuven, Belgium
Nonlinear modes in a generalized ${\cal PT}$-symmetric discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.
name: Zezyulin, Dmitry A.
name: Konotop, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalize a finite parity-time (${\cal PT}$-) symmetric network of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger type and obtain general results on linear stability of the zero equilibrium, on the nonlinear dynamics of the dimer model, as well as on the existence and stability of large-amplitude stationary nonlinear modes. A result of particular importance and novelty is the classification of all possible stationary modes in the limit of large amplitudes. We also discover a new integrable configuration of a ${\cal PT}$-symmetric dimer.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure; accepted to J. Phys. A: Math. Theor
Li-Containing Coloured Intermetallic Compounds and Chalcogenides
Creators: Jomaa, Mohammed Yagoub Ahmed
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

This thesis describes the synthesis of Li-containing intermetallics and chalcogenides using high-temperature solid-state reactions and induction heating, with the aim of studying their structures, electronic properties, and optical properties to gain insights into their potential applications in jewellery and nonlinear optical devices.

The first part of this thesis focuses on coloured intermetallic compounds, which have a long history in decorative and jewellery applications, with gold and platinum-based alloys being among the very earliest examples. The objective was to identify new coloured substances based on non-precious and less expensive components. Several coloured Li-containing intermetallics were discovered, including purple Li2ZnGa, light blue Li2ZnIn, light blue LiMgCdGe. The colour can be controlled in the series of solid solutions LiCu2Al1–xGax and LiCu2–yNiyGa. All of these compounds adopt cubic structures in different space groups, as determined by powder X-ray diffraction. To clarify ambiguities about the site distribution, 7Li solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied. The colours of these materials were quantified by extracting chromaticity coordinates from optical reflectance spectra. Electronic structure calculations indicate that these compounds are metallic. The observed colours are proposed to arise from interband transitions.

The second part of this thesis tests the hypothesis that incorporating a mixture of Li and Ag atoms into commercially available NLO materials, such as AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2, could result in solid solutions with a balanced set of properties. Complete substitution of Li atoms for Ag atoms was achieved in AgAlSe2, AgGaSe2, and AgInSe2, resulting in the solid solutions LixAg1–xAlSe2, LixAg1–xGaSe2, and LixAg1–xInSe2. The crystal structures of solid solutions were

determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and solid-state 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The Ga-containing solid solution retains a tetragonal CuFeS2-type structure (space group 𝐼4̅2𝑑) throughout the entire range of Li content, whereas the Al and In-containing solid solutions transform from this tetragonal structure to an orthorhombic -NaFeO2-type structure (space group Pna21) as Li content increases past x = 0.50. The optical band gaps can be tuned to desired values. The second harmonic generation responses were comparable to benchmark materials. All compounds melt congruently at accessible temperatures. Electronic structure calculations were carried out to quantify the bonding in these compounds.
On the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Chamel, N.
name: Haensel, P.
name: Zdunik, J. L.
name: Fantina, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most intringuing questions about neutron stars concerns their maximum mass. The answer is intimately related to the properties of matter at densities far beyond that found in heavy atomic nuclei. The current view on the internal constitution of neutron stars and on their maximum mass, both from theoretical and observational studies, are briefly reviewed.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures; revised version with additions, corrections and updated references
Augmenting Context with Glosses for Lexical Semantics
Creators: Omarov, Talgat
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Computational lexical semantics is a subfield of natural language processing (NLP) that deals with the study of meaning in language at the level of individual words or phrases using computational models and algorithms. Despite the recent success of large language models and contextualized word embeddings in solving lexical semantic tasks, traditional lexical resources such as WordNet remain critical in providing comprehensive coverage of infrequent word meanings and providing additional information on word definitions, usage examples, and semantic relationships among senses. In this thesis, we explore the idea of leveraging information retrieved from lexical resources to solve lexical semantic tasks. In particular, we demonstrate that augmenting the input context with glosses retrieved from lexical resources improves the performance on two lexical semantic tasks: lexical substitution and idiomaticity detection. The results confirm the utility of additional lexical information and provide empirical evidence supporting our claims.
Dynamic transition of supercritical hydrogen in gas giants: defining the boundary between interior and atmosphere
Creators: name: Trachenko, K.
name: Brazhkin, V. V.
name: Bolmatov, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding physics of gas giants requires the knowledge about the behavior of hydrogen at extreme pressures and temperatures. Molecular hydrogen in these planets is supercritical, and has been considered as a physically homogeneous state where no differences can be made between a liquid and a gas and where all properties undergo no marked or distinct changes with pressure and temperature, the picture believed to hold below the dissociation and metallization transition. Here, we show that in Jupiter and Saturn, supercritical molecular hydrogen undergoes a dynamic transition around 10 GPa and 3000 K from the "rigid" liquid state to the "non-rigid" gas-like fluid state at the Frenkel line recently proposed, with accompanying qualitative changes of all major physical properties. The consequences of this finding are discussed, including a physically justified way to demarcate the interior and the atmosphere in gas giants.
Measurement of the triple-differential cross section for photon + jets production in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the triple-differential cross section (sigma as a function of the photon pt and eta and the jet eta) in photon + jets final states using a data sample from proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. This sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.14 inverse femtobarns collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. Photons and jets are reconstructed within a pseudorapidity range of abs(eta) < 2.5, and are required to have transverse momenta in the range 40 < pt(gamma) < 300 GeV and pt(jet) > 30 GeV, respectively. The measurements are compared to theoretical predictions from the SHERPA leading-order QCD Monte Carlo event generator and the next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation from JETPHOX. The predictions are found to be consistent with the data over most of the examined kinematic region.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Topological Phase Transition in the Extended Cluster Compass Ladder
Creators: name: Jafari, R.
name: Mahdavifar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the exact solution of the extended cluster compass ladder, which is equivalent to extended quantum compass model with cluster interaction between next-nearest-neighbor spins, by using the Jordan-Wigner transformation. We show that this model is always gapfull except at the critical surfaces where the energy gap disappears. We obtain the analytic expressions of all critical couplings which drive quantum phase transitions. This model shows a rich phase diagram which includes spin-flop, strip antiferromagnetic and topological ordered on the legs, in addition to the phase with antiparallel ordering of spin y component on the rungs. We study also the universality and scaling properties of the three point correlation functions derivatives in different regions to confirm the results obtained using the energy gap analysis. On the other hand, we have replaced the cluster interaction with usual form and using the Lanczos method a numerical experiment is done. Analyzing the numerical results, we show that the effect of the cluster interaction between next-nearest-neighbor spins is completely different from the usual form.
Educational Needs for Hypertension Control among Adult Ghanaians Diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension
Creators: Anafi, Frederick
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension is often higher among people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) than among those with hypertension alone. This doctoral mixed-method study was conducted to identify and describe the educational needs for hypertension control among adult Ghanaians diagnosed with CKD and gain insights into their use of complementary health products and practices over or in addition to prescribed medications. Three hundred and fifty-one subjects for the quantitative and 12 participants for the qualitative components were recruited July through October 2022, from the renal outpatient unit at a large teaching hospital in the capital city of Accra. These participants/respondents were individuals diagnosed for one year or more with CKD and hypertension and were 18 or more years of age. Socio-demographic and blood pressure data were obtained from each person’s hospital folder/chart. Quantitative data were collected through using the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale developed by Erkoc et al. (2014) and the Knowledge Subscale of the CKD Screening Index developed by Khalil et al. (2014). Semi-structured face-to-face audiotaped interviews were then conducted to collect qualitative data from select participants about their use of complementary health products or practices over or in addition to prescribed hypertensive medications.

The study revealed only 113 (32%) of the 351 subjects had controlled hypertension. An average knowledge of hypertension and CKD was found among them. A number of socio-demographic and other characteristics were associated with controlled hypertension. The interviews revealed all 12 participants used complementary health products and practices in addition to prescribed medications. Insights into their use of complementary health products and practices were gained. These findings inform considerations for the development of educational interventions to increase hypertension control among individuals diagnosed with CKD in Ghana.
Axion-induced birefringence effects in laser driven nonlinear vacuum interaction
Creators: name: Villalba-Chávez, Selym
name: Di Piazza, Antonino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation of a probe electromagnetic field through a counterpropagating strong plane wave is investigated. The effects of the electromagnetic field-(pseudo)scalar axion field interaction and of the self-interaction of the electromagnetic field mediated by virtual electron-positron pairs in the effective Lagrangian approach are included. First, we show that if the strong field is circularly polarized, contrary to the leading-order nonlinear QED effects, the axion-photon interaction induces a chiral-like birefringence and a dichroism in the vacuum. The latter effect is explained by evoking the conservation of the total angular momentum along the common propagation direction of probe and the strong wave, which allows for real axion production only for probe and strong fields with the same helicity. Moreover, in the case of ultra-short strong pulses, it is shown that the absorption coefficients of probe photons depend on the form of the pulse and, in particular, on the carrier-envelope phase of the strong beam. The present results can be exploited experimentally to isolate nonlinear vacuum effects stemming from light-axion interaction, especially at upcoming ultra-strong laser facilities, where stringent constraints on the axion-photon coupling constant are in principle provided.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure
Device-independent quantum key distribution based on measurement inputs
Creators: name: Rahaman, Ramij
name: Parker, Matthew G.
name: Mironowicz, Piotr
name: Pawłowski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide an analysis of a new family of device independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols with several novel features: (a) The bits used for the secret key do not come from the results of the measurements on an entangled state but from the choices of settings; (b) Instead of a single security parameter (a violation of some Bell inequality) a set of them is used to estimate the level of trust in the secrecy of the key. The main advantage of these protocols is a smaller vulnerability to imperfect random number generators made possible by feature (a). We prove the security and the robustness of such protocols. We show that using our method it is possible to construct a QKD protocol which retains its security even if the source of randomness used by communicating parties is strongly biased. As a proof of principle, an explicit example of a protocol based on the Hardy's paradox is presented. Moreover, in the noiseless case, the protocol is secure in a natural way against any type of memory attack, and thus allows to reuse the device in subsequent rounds. We also analyse the robustness of the protocol using semi-definite programming methods. Finally, we present a post-processing method, and observe a paradoxical property that rejecting some random part of the private data can increase the key rate of the protocol.
description: 10 pages, 5 figure: In this modified version of the manuscript we have added a new section to show fact that our protocol is much better than the standard ones when the random number generators used by the parties are imperfect
Entanglement of scales as a possible mechanism for decoherence and thermalization in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Akkelin, S. V.
name: Sinyukov, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the fact that a system created in relativistic heavy ion collisions is an isolated quantum system, which cannot increase its entropy in the course of unitary quantum evolution, hydrodynamical analysis of experimental data seems to indicate that the matter formed in the collisions is thermalized very quickly. Based on common consideration of hydrodynamics as an effective theory in the domain of slow- and long-length modes, we discuss the physical mechanisms responsible for the decoherence and emergence of the hydrodynamic behavior in such collisions, and demonstrate how such physical mechanisms work in the case of the scalar field model. We obtain the evolution equation for the Wigner function of a long-wavelength subsystem that describes its decoherence, isotropization, and approach to thermal equilibrium induced by interaction with short-wavelength modes. Our analysis supports the idea that decoherence, quantum-to-classical transition and thermalization in isolated quantum systems are attributed to the experimental context, and are related to a particular procedure of decomposition of the whole quantum system into relevant and irrelevant from an observational viewpoint subsystems.
description: 20 pages, minor corrections, to be published in Phys. Rev. C
Spin-orbit coupling, quantum dots, and qubits in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Kormányos, Andor
name: Zólyomi, Viktor
name: Drummond, Neil D.
name: Burkard, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an effective Hamiltonian which describes the dynamics of electrons in the conduction band of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) in the presence of perpendicular electric and magnetic fields. We discuss in detail both the intrinsic and the Bychkov-Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) induced by an external electric field. We point out interesting differences in the spin-split conduction band between different TMDC compounds. An important consequence of the strong intrinsic SOC is an effective out-of-plane $g$-factor for the electrons which differs from the free-electron g-factor $g\simeq 2$. We identify a new term in the Hamiltonian of the Bychkov-Rashba SOC which does not exist in III-V semiconductors. Using first-principles calculations, we give estimates of the various parameters appearing in the theory. Finally, we consider quantum dots (QDs) formed in TMDC materials and derive an effective Hamiltonian which allows us to calculate the magnetic field dependence of the bound states in the QDs. We find that all states are both valley and spin split, which suggests that these QDs could be used as valley-spin filters. We explore the possibility of using spin and valley states in TMDCs as quantum bits, and conclude that, due to the relatively strong intrinsic spin-orbit splitting in the conduction band, the most realistic option appears to be a combined spin-valley (Kramers) qubit at low magnetic fields.
description: minor corrections made
Thermally Activated Walls for Reducing Energy Consumption of Cold-Climate Buildings
Creators: Rezvanpour, Mohammad
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

The global increase in energy usage and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is largely due to the ascending trend of energy consumption in buildings. To address the negative impacts of this trend, designing energy-efficient buildings is crucial. As a potential solution, thermal energy storage (TES) systems, specifically using active TES in buildings’ mass have been proposed. This thesis focuses on reducing thermal loads (i.e., space cooling and heating loads) in cold-climate buildings by investigating the implementation of two methods of active TES in walls: the use of domestic cold water (DCW) for space cooling and ventilated concrete block wall (VBW) with supply air to zone (SAZ).

DCW can be circulated through thermally massive walls before regular household consumption (e.g., shower) (herein “DCW-wall”) to provide free cooling without wasting DCW. The study evaluated the cooling potentials of DCW-wall system through 3D transient thermal simulations and revealed that the system is effective in providing cooling energy to the zone. With low inlet DCW temperatures, the system was able to deliver a significant amount of cooling energy per day, which could contribute to a substantial portion of the annual energy demand for space cooling in cities with cold climates like Toronto.

In VBW system air is circulated between a zone and the voided cores of a VBW, where the air exchanges heat with the wall before returning to the zone. To evaluate the system's performance, typical-day and annual energy analyses were conducted under various boundary conditions and air circulation speeds. The study found that a VBW with a 2 m/s air circulation speed throughout the day can lead to 67% more thermal energy storage when compared to having no air circulation. The annual analysis compared the energy performance between a VBW and a traditional wood-frame wall in different cold climates. In addition, an annual energy analysis showed that substituting a traditional wood-frame wall with a VBW can yield a total assisting heating and cooling of 35 kWh/m2 (wall area) for Edmonton, Canada throughout the year.

Overall, this thesis presents two methods that can potentially reduce space thermal loads in cold-climate buildings through active TES solutions in wall system. The results of this research can provide valuable insights for building design and energy management in order to create more energy-efficient buildings.