cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coherent Optical Clock Down-Conversion for Microwave Frequencies with 10-18 Instability
Creators: name: Nakamura, Takuma
name: Davila-Rodriguez, Josue
name: Leopardi, Holly
name: Sherman, Jeff A.
name: Fortier, Tara M.
name: Xie, Xiaojun
name: Campbell, Joe C.
name: McGrew, William F.
name: Zhang, Xiaogang
name: Hassan, Youssef S.
name: Nicolodi, Daniele
name: Beloy, Kyle
name: Ludlow, Andrew D.
name: Diddams, Scott A.
name: Quinlan, Franklyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical atomic clocks are poised to redefine the SI second, thanks to stability and accuracy more than one hundred times better than the current microwave atomic clock standard. However, the best optical clocks have not seen their performance transferred to the electronic domain, where radar, navigation, communications, and fundamental research rely on less stable microwave sources. By comparing two independent optical-to-electronic signal generators, we demonstrate a 10 GHz microwave signal with phase that exactly tracks that of the optical clock phase from which it is derived, yielding an absolute fractional frequency instability of 1*10-18 in the electronic domain. Such faithful reproduction of the optical clock phase expands the opportunities for optical clocks both technologically and scientifically for time-dissemination, navigation, and long-baseline interferometric imaging.
description: 19 page, 10 figures (including Supplementary Text)
Demand for Ecotourism Recreation and Welfare Benefits in Obudu Cattle Ranch, Nigeria
Creators: name: Okojie, Luke O.
name: Adewuyi, Samuel A.
name: Ijaola, A. A.
name: Okojie, Luke O.
name: Adewuyi, Samuel A.
name: Ijaola, A. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Recreation use benefit
subject: Travel Cost Method
subject: Ecotourists
subject: Marshalian Consumer Surplus. On-day site recreation demand

description: This paper estimated the expected on-day site demand for recreation, the elasticity with respect to the recreation cost, income and welfare benefit tourists derive from recreation at the Obudu Cattle Ranch (OCR). On-site individual observation Travel Cost Method (TCM), count data distribution, price and income elasticities of on-day site demand for recreation were the analytical tools adopted. In addition the Marshalian consumer surplus was used in estimating the welfare benefit the tourists derived from recreation in the ranch. The on-day site demand for recreation in the ranch was 3 days. The price elasticity of 18.44 implied the demand was elastic while income elasticity was 3.02. The recreation use benefit for a representative visitor for each day of visit was N380.00 which was N1,140 for a three days visit and N196,080 for the 172 sampled visitors Computing this for the 516 recreation days per year for the sample tourists, it was N101,177,280. These implied recreation in OCR is a luxurious environmental commodity that can only benefit the elites and the affluent despite the great hidden economic value it holds to the society. Therefore, there is need for government to intervene through a subsidy regime and enhanced advertisement to attract indigenous and foreign tourists to the ranch.
Ground State Properties of Fermi Gases in the Strongly Interacting Regime
Creators: name: Chang, S. Y.
name: Pandharipande, V. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state energies and pairing gaps in dilute superfluid Fermi gases have now been calculated with the quantum Monte Carlo method without detailed knowledge of their wave functions. However, such knowledge is essential to predict other properties of these gases such as density matrices and pair distribution functions. We present a new and simple method to optimize the wave functions of quantum fluids using Green's function Monte Carlo method. It is used to calculate the pair distribution functions and potential energies of Fermi gases over the entire regime from atomic Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superfluid to molecular Bose-Einstein condensation, spanned as the interaction strength is varied.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Stable, situational and interpersonal influences in stress and coping : a daily process study
Creators: name: Lee-Baggley, Dayna
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Previous studies attempting to understand individual differences in responding and adapting to stress suggest that situational factors (i.e., stressor type and appraisals) and dispositional factors (i.e., personality traits) influence coping responses. However, our understanding of the role of dispositional and situational influences in stress and coping is limited due to the lack of studies that examine both simultaneously. Contemporary conceptualizations of the role of personality in the prediction of behavior highlight the need to examine both situational variability and dispositional tendencies (e.g., Mischel & Shoda, 1995). In the current study, the role of both process variables (i.e., situation) and stable factors (i.e., dispositions) in adaptation to stress were examined. The study employed a daily process methodology involving repeated assessments in a naturalistic setting. Stress, appraisals, coping, and mood were reported twice a day for seven days by 350 undergraduate students. Multilevel analyses indicated that stressor type, appraisals, and the Big Five traits of personality predicted unique variance across a range of coping strategies. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that a broad range of appraisals, in addition to controllability, predicted coping responses over and above stressor type. The Big Five traits of personality were found to be associated with stressor type and appraisals. The study also highlighted the importance of interpersonal influences by demonstrating the utility of incorporating interpersonal factors into multiple stages of the stress and coping process. Finally, the study provided evidence of the effects of coping strategies on outcomes (i.e., negative mood) beyond the influence of stressor type, appraisals, and dispositional factors using within-person analyses. Overall, the results support incorporating both personality traits and situational factors into models of coping in order to understand the stress process. Similar to the broader literature on personality and behavior, the field of stress and coping is likely to benefit from models that integrate both dispositional and situational influences in the prediction of behavior. The current study suggests that understanding individual differences in adaptation to stress involves consideration of the multiple, situational, dispositional, and interpersonal factors that impact the stress and coping process.
Correlates of Risk-Aversion among Poultry Egg Farmers in Ibadan, Nigeria
Creators: name: Salman, Kabir K.
name: Ashagidigbi, Waheed M.
name: Jabar, K.T.
name: Salman, Kabir K.
name: Ashagidigbi, Waheed M.
name: Jabar, K.T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Risk aversion
subject: Poultry egg farmers
subject: Safety first model.

description: Poultry production is largely faced with a number of risks. In this study, sources of risk, attitude of farmers towards risk, the determinants and risk management strategies adopted by farmers were examined. Primary data from 74 respondents were collected using cluster sampling method with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, composite analysis, safety first behavioural model and the censored Tobit model were the analytical tools employed. The most prevalent source of risk in the study area was fluctuation of input prices (75.3%) and the least encountered risk source was inefficiency of workers (12.2%). Average poultry egg farmer in the study area experienced at least one source of risk. The respondents were found to exhibit low risk aversion and risk-aversion was significantly increased by cost of labour, number of layers in battery cage system and number of layers in deep litter system. However, years in poultry farming and amount of credit received significantly reduced the risk aversion among the farmers. The most used risk management strategy was relaxation of pen before re-stocking them (97.3%). Farmers should be encouraged to insure their farms and extension services should be made readily available to farmers. Enabling policy environment towards an effective credit programme should be facilitated while attention should also be shifted towards protection of farmers against input price variations.
The Security-Utility Trade-off for Iris Authentication and Eye Animation for Social Virtual Avatars
Creators: name: John, Brendan
name: Jörg, Sophie
name: Koppal, Sanjeev
name: Jain, Eakta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The gaze behavior of virtual avatars is critical to social presence and perceived eye contact during social interactions in Virtual Reality. Virtual Reality headsets are being designed with integrated eye tracking to enable compelling virtual social interactions. This paper shows that the near infra-red cameras used in eye tracking capture eye images that contain iris patterns of the user. Because iris patterns are a gold standard biometric, the current technology places the user's biometric identity at risk. Our first contribution is an optical defocus based hardware solution to remove the iris biometric from the stream of eye tracking images. We characterize the performance of this solution with different internal parameters. Our second contribution is a psychophysical experiment with a same-different task that investigates the sensitivity of users to a virtual avatar's eye movements when this solution is applied. By deriving detection threshold values, our findings provide a range of defocus parameters where the change in eye movements would go unnoticed in a conversational setting. Our third contribution is a perceptual study to determine the impact of defocus parameters on the perceived eye contact, attentiveness, naturalness, and truthfulness of the avatar. Thus, if a user wishes to protect their iris biometric, our approach provides a solution that balances biometric protection while preventing their conversation partner from perceiving a difference in the user's virtual avatar. This work is the first to develop secure eye tracking configurations for VR/AR/XR applications and motivates future work in the area.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, to appear in IEEE TVCG Special Issue on IEEE VR 2020
Additional file 7 of Individual and joint trajectories of change in bone, lean mass and physical performance in older men
Creators: name: Cawthon, Peggy M.
name: Parimi, Neeta
name: Langsetmo, Lisa
name: Cauley, Jane A.
name: Ensrud, Kristine E.
name: Cummings, Steven R.
name: Lane, Nancy E.
name: Hoffman, Andrew R.
name: Lapidus, Jodi
name: Gill, Thomas M.
name: McCulloch, Charles E.
name: Stefanick, Marcia L.
name: Kado, Deborah M.
name: Drieling, Rebecca
name: Orwoll, Eric S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 7: Table S1. Characteristics of participants by joint trajectories in total hip BMD and walking speed in older men. Table S2. Characteristics of participants by joint trajectories in ALM/ht2 and total hip BMD in older men. Table S3. Characteristics of participants by joint trajectories in grip strength and walking speed in older men. Table S4. Characteristics of participants by joint trajectories in grip strength and ALM/ht2 in older men. Table S5. Characteristics of participants by joint trajectories in walking speed and ALM/ht2 in older men.
Additional file 1 of Attitudes about use of preoperative risk assessment tools: a survey of surgeons and surgical residents in an academic health system
Creators: name: Pradhan, Nisha
name: Dyas, Adam R.
name: Bronsert, Michael R.
name: Lambert-Kerzner, Anne
name: Henderson, William G.
name: Qiu, Howe
name: Colborn, Kathryn L.
name: Mason, Nicholas J.
name: Meguid, Robert A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The 16-question survey distributed to surgeons to assess attitudes about surgical risk assessment.
Future CEvNS experiments as probes of lepton unitarity and light-sterile neutrinos
Creators: name: Miranda, O. G.
name: Papoulias, D. K.
name: Sanders, O.
name: Tórtola, M.
name: Valle, J. W. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the sensitivities of short-baseline coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$ν$NS) experiments using a pion decay at rest neutrino source as a probe for nonunitarity in the lepton sector, as expected in low-scale type-I seesaw schemes. We also identify the best configuration for probing light sterile neutrinos at future ton-scale liquid argon CE$ν$NS experiments, estimating the projected sensitivities on the sterile neutrino parameters. Possible experimental setups at the Spallation Neutron Source, Lujan facility and the European Spallation Source are discussed. Provided that systematic uncertainties remain under control, we find that CE$ν$NS experiments will be competitive with oscillation measurements in the long run.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. V2: analysis improved with BRN backgrounds, new figures, matches the published version
Danger Aware Vehicular Networking
Creators: name: Dessalgn, Tsigigenet
name: Kim, Seungmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: IEEE 802.11p is one of the key technologies that enable Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) in intelligent transportation system (ITS) for safety on the road. The main challenge in vehicular communication is the large amount of data to be processed. As vehicle density and velocity increases, the data to be transmitted also increases. We proposed a protocol that reduces the number of messages transmitted at a vehicle according to the level of danger that the vehicle experiences. The proposed protocol measures inter-vehicle distance, as the representative of the danger of a vehicle, to determine the priority for transmission. Our results show that this prioritization of transmissions directly reduces the number of transmitters at a time, and hence results in higher performance in terms of key metrics--i.e., PDR, throughput, delay, probabilities of channel busy and collision.
Additional file 1 of What is the impact of structural and cultural factors and interventions within educational settings on promoting positive mental health and preventing poor mental health: a systematic review
Creators: name: Troy, David
name: Anderson, Joanna
name: Jessiman, Patricia E.
name: Albers, Patricia N.
name: Williams, Joanna G.
name: Sheard, Seamus
name: Geijer-Simpson, Emma
name: Spencer, Liam
name: Kaner, Eileen
name: Limmer, Mark
name: Viner, Russell
name: Kidger, Judi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Far-Infrared Polarization Spectrum of the OMC-1 Star-Forming Region
Creators: name: Michail, Joseph M.
name: Ashton, Peter C.
name: Berthoud, Marc G.
name: Chuss, David T.
name: Dowell, C. Darren
name: Guerra, Jordan A.
name: Harper, Doyal A.
name: Novak, Giles
name: Santos, Fabio P.
name: Siah, Javad
name: Sukay, Ezra
name: Taylor, Aster
name: Tram, Le Ngoc
name: Vaillancourt, John E.
name: Wollack, Edward J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the wavelength dependence of the far-infrared polarization fraction toward the OMC-1 star forming region using observations from HAWC+/SOFIA at 53, 89, 154, and 214 $μ$m. We find that the shape of the far-infrared polarization spectrum is variable across the cloud and that there is evidence of a correlation between the slope of the polarization spectrum and the average line-of-sight temperature. The slope of the polarization spectrum tends to be negative (falling toward longer wavelengths) in cooler regions and positive or flat in warmer regions. This is very similar to what was discovered in $ρ$ Oph A via SOFIA polarimetry at 89 and 154 $μ$m. Like the authors of this earlier work, we argue that the most natural explanation for our falling spectra is line-of-sight superposition of differing grain populations, with polarized emission from the warmer regions and less-polarized emission from the cooler ones. In contrast with the earlier work on $ρ$ Oph A, we do not find a clear correlation of polarization spectrum slope with column density. This suggests that falling spectra are attributable to variations in grain alignment efficiency in a heterogeneous cloud consistent with radiative torques theory. Alternative explanations in which variations in grain alignment efficiency are caused by varying gas density rather than by varying radiation intensity are disfavored.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to ApJ. Major changes from first draft: 1. Additional discussion/introduction about ETAC/HCE, 2. More in-depth analysis on robustness of polarization slope/dust temperature correlation, 3. Updated notation on the spatial polarization ratio analysis, 4. Updated many figures for clarity and consistency
title: The influence of previous understanding and relative confidence on adult maths learning : building adult understanding on a brownfield site
Creators: name: Dodd, Mary Delene
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2012

description: Expansion of Higher Education has resulted in increasing provision of Access and Foundation programmes, often aimed at mature learners. Adults returning to learn mathematics bring with them a wealth of prior understanding and expectations The two common teaching approaches, remedial 'fill in the gaps' or mythical 'start again', are popular with students but argued to be unrealistic because the teaching of adults is better likened to building on a brownfield site. The purpose of this research was to consider what understandings adults brought with them and explore how these understandings interacted with new learning. 203 foundation students were given questions, on proportional reasoning, percentage calculation and over-generalisations. Responses, and response hierarchies, were compared with those from children in the 1970's CSMS survey (Hart, 1981 a). Individual behaviours were then explored through interview using a framework developed from ideas of Schoenfeld (1992) and Leron and Hazzan (1997). It emerged that multiple interactions and choices of behaviour were taking place, indicating final answers, right or wrong, represented only one possibility from a selection of outcomes. Method selection might be influenced by number and beliefs in non-conservation of operation (Greer, 1994) causing potential difficulties for building new learning by method extrapolation. The habit of selt-checkinq and testing for reasonableness might cause difficulties when reasonableness could not be recognised or was counter-intuitive. Other themes identified included: the false recall of certain number calculations with potential for interference with diagnostic practices and the belief in the 'one right method' based on perceived outcome requirements or confidence from previous success, causing reluctance to consider more efficient or appropriate methods. This research highlights the benefits of making processes and choices explicit to teachers and students facilitating the integration of previous understandings with new ways of working without disempowerment and increasing the potential for new learning to be built.
Entanglement between two disjoint universes
Creators: name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
name: Kar, Arjun
name: Ugajin, Tomonori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the replica method to compute the entanglement entropy of a universe without gravity entangled in a thermofield-double-like state with a disjoint gravitating universe. Including wormholes between replicas of the latter gives an entropy functional which includes an "island" on the gravitating universe. We solve the back-reaction equations when the cosmological constant is negative to show that this island coincides with a causal shadow region that is created by the entanglement in the gravitating geometry. At high entanglement temperatures, the island contribution to the entropy functional leads to a bound on entanglement entropy, analogous to the Page behavior of evaporating black holes. We demonstrate that the entanglement wedge of the non-gravitating universe grows with the entanglement temperature until, eventually, the gravitating universe can be entirely reconstructed from the non-gravitating one.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures, references added, improved discussion
Non-invasive focusing and imaging in scattering media with a fluorescence-based transmission matrix
Creators: name: Boniface, Antoine
name: Dong, Jonathan
name: Gigan, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In biological microscopy, light scattering represents the main limitation to image at depth. Recently, a set of wavefront shaping techniques has been developed in order to manipulate coherent light in strongly disordered materials. The Transmission Matrix approach has shown its capability to inverse the effect of scattering and efficiently focus light. In practice, the matrix is usually measured using an invasive detector or low-resolution acoustic guide stars. Here, we introduce a non-invasive and all-optical strategy based on linear fluorescence to reconstruct the transmission matrices, to and from a fluorescent object placed inside a scattering medium. It consists in demixing the incoherent patterns emitted by the object using low-rank factorizations and phase retrieval algorithms. We experimentally demonstrate the efficiency of this method through robust and selective focusing. Additionally, from the same measurements, it is possible to exploit memory effect correlations to image and reconstruct extended objects. This approach opens up a new route towards imaging in scattering media with linear or non-linear contrast mechanisms.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures (+8 in Supplementary)
t-Soft Update of Target Network for Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Taisuke
name: Ilboudo, Wendyam Eric Lionel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a new robust update rule of target network for deep reinforcement learning (DRL), to replace the conventional update rule, given as an exponential moving average. The target network is for smoothly generating the reference signals for a main network in DRL, thereby reducing learning variance. The problem with its conventional update rule is the fact that all the parameters are smoothly copied with the same speed from the main network, even when some of them are trying to update toward the wrong directions. This behavior increases the risk of generating the wrong reference signals. Although slowing down the overall update speed is a naive way to mitigate wrong updates, it would decrease learning speed. To robustly update the parameters while keeping learning speed, a t-soft update method, which is inspired by student-t distribution, is derived with reference to the analogy between the exponential moving average and the normal distribution. Through the analysis of the derived t-soft update, we show that it takes over the properties of the student-t distribution. Specifically, with a heavy-tailed property of the student-t distribution, the t-soft update automatically excludes extreme updates that differ from past experiences. In addition, when the updates are similar to the past experiences, it can mitigate the learning delay by increasing the amount of updates. In PyBullet robotics simulations for DRL, an online actor-critic algorithm with the t-soft update outperformed the conventional methods in terms of the obtained return and/or its variance. From the training process by the t-soft update, we found that the t-soft update is globally consistent with the standard soft update, and the update rates are locally adjusted for acceleration or suppression.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
X-ray circular dichroism versus orbital magnetization
Creators: name: Resta, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) sum rule yields an extremely useful ground-state observable, which provides a quantitative measure of spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking (T-breaking) in a given material. I derive here its explicit expression within band-structure theory, in the general case: trivial insulators, topological insulators, and metals. Orbital magnetization provides a different measure of T-breaking in the electronic ground state. The two observables belong to the class of "geometrical" observables; both are local and admit a "density" in coordinate space. In both of them one could include/exclude selected groups of bands, in order to acquire element-specific information about the T-breaking material. Only in the case of an isolated flat band the contributions to the two observables coincide. Finally, I provide the corresponding geometrical formula-in a different Hilbert space-for a many-body interacting system.
description: 6 pages, no figure
Additional file 1 of Comparison of two clinical approaches based on visual criteria for secondary caries assessments and treatment decisions in permanent posterior teeth
Creators: name: Signori, Cacia
name: Uehara, Juliana Lays Stolfo
name: Romero, Vitor Henrique Digmayer
name: Moro, Bruna Lorena Pereira
name: Braga, Mariana Minatel
name: Mendes, Fausto Medeiros
name: Cenci, Maximiliano Sérgio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. STROBE checklist.
title: Was tun mit der Erdgeschoßzone? : Strategien zur Schaffung einer belebten Erdgeschoßzone in neuen Stadtentwicklungsgebieten
Creators: name: Gasteiner, Bernhard
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Sockelzone
subject: Handelsnutzung
subject: Aspern
subject: Einkaufsstraße
subject: Nahversorgung

description: Die Erdgeschoßzone nimmt eine zentrale Rolle in jeder Stadt ein, sie ist Verbindungsglied zwischen öffentlichem und privatem Raum. Nur durch eine belebte und kommunizierende Erdgeschoßzone kann Urbanität und urbanes Lebensgefühl entstehen. Leider ist in den letzten Jahren jedoch ein stetig ansteigender Leerstand in den innerstädtischen Sockelzonen zu verzeichnen und bei Neubauentwicklungen wird zur Vermeidung von Leerständen häufig ganz auf die Entwicklung einer qualitativ hochwertigen Erdgeschoßzone verzichtet, was im Ergebnis häufig zu 'monofunktionellen Schlafstädten' führt, die jegliches urbane Lebensgefühl vermissen lassen. Die Ursachen für diese negative Entwicklung sind vielfältig. Der überproportionale Anstieg des motorisierten Individualverkehrs, ein geändertes Konsumverhalten der Bevölkerung, schwierige rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen sowie die Konkurrenz durch großflächige Handelsdestinationen, haben großen Anteil an der Verödung der Erdgeschoßzonen. Hinzu kommt, dass der Wert der Erdgeschoßzone für die Stadt lange nicht erkannt wurde und sich niemand damit beschäftigt hat, wie man diese für Handel, Dienstleistung und Gewerbe attraktiv gestalten kann. Ziel der gegenständlichen Studie ist die Erarbeitung von praktischen Maßnahmen zur Umsetzung einer qualitativ hochwertigen und multifunktionalen Erdgeschoßzone. Im theoretischen Teil werden zunächst die verschiedenen Ursachen für die Verödung der Erdgeschoße untersucht. Dabei wird insbesondere die demografische Entwicklung, die Veränderung von Verkehr und Mobilität sowie das geänderte Konsumverhalten der Bevölkerung und die damit verbundenen Veränderungen in der Handelsbranche betrachtet. Da sich in den letzten Jahren bereits einige Experten in ihren Studien mit dem Thema der Belebung innerstädtischer Erdgeschoßzonen beschäftigt haben, wird ein Überblick über diese Studien dargestellt, um eine solide Ausgangslage für weitere Überlegungen zu schaffen. Darüber hinaus werden auch die wichtigsten rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen im Zusammenhang mit der Errichtung, der Vermietung, und dem Betrieb von Geschäftslokalen aufgezeigt. Der empirische Teil besteht aus der Auswertung zahlreicher geführter Interviews mit namhaften Experten aus den Bereichen Stadtteil- und Freiraumplanung, Architektur, Handel, Bauträgerwesen und Stadtteilmanagement. Aus den Gesprächen können zahlreiche Vorschläge, Maßnahmen und Empfehlungen abgeleitet werden die gemeinsam mit den Erkenntnissen aus den wissenschaftlichen Studien in einem Maßnahmenkatalog zusammengefasst werden. Weiters werden auch mögliche Strategien und organisatorische Strukturen zur Umsetzung der Maßnahmen dargestellt.
Additional file 4 of Atrial fibrillation source area probability mapping using electrogram patterns of multipole catheters
Creators: name: Prasanth Ganesan
name: Cherry, Elizabeth M.
name: Huang, David T.
name: Pertsov, Arkady M.
name: Ghoraani, Behnaz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S1. A few samples of fractionated electrograms generated in this study. (A) Simulation in Fig. 1a. (B) Simulation in Fig. 1f. (C) Simulation in Fig. 1e. We modeled tissue fibrosis and generated realistic fractionated electrograms by introducing collagenous septa according to a Poisson distribution with an average septa length of 2.5 mm and disrupted lateral coupling in 20% of the tissue. Figure S2. Transformation of 3D anatomy to 2D tissue. (A) Posterior view: The black dotted lines indicate the locations of the cut that was performed in MeshLab. (B) Lateral view: The gray arrows indicate the unwrapping direction. (C) 2D view: The transformed 2D equivalent with optimal inter-vertex distance deformation. LAA: left atrial appendage. LPVs: left pulmonary veins. RPVs: right pulmonary veins. Figure S3. (A) The catheter placement and the AF source area probability (ASAP) map in the simulation case of Fig. 1e, and (B) in its corresponding transformed 2D model. When evaluating the algorithm in the 3D model, the catheter was placed and the electrograms were obtained in the 3D domain, but the algorithm was performed in the 2D domain. The average spatial error between the two domains was 2.8 mm. Figure S4. Repeating-pattern rotor source (cycle length ≈ 166 ms) is recorded at catheter placement L1 in subject 1. The gray box indicates a wave propagation cycle detected by our customized program [37], which assigns the local activation times associated with the same wavefront as one cycle. The rotor source is identified as a sequential temporal local activation around the circular catheter such that it spans through one cycle length.
Explicit Form of the Evolution Operator of Tavis-Cummings Model : Three and Four Atoms Cases
Creators: name: Fujii, Kazuyuki
name: Higashida, Kyoko
name: Kato, Ryosuke
name: Suzuki, Tatsuo
name: Wada, Yukako
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter the explicit form of evolution operator of the Tavis-Cummings model with three and four atoms is given. This is an important progress in quantum optics or mathematical physics.
description: Latex file, 10 pages. We combined quant-ph/0404034(the three atoms case) and quant-ph/0406184(the four atoms case) into an article. to appear in International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics
Graduate recitals
Creators: name: Lee, Monica Min Young
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The thesis for the Master of Music degree in Choral Conducting consists of the direction of a major public performance by the University Singers, Choral Union or other groups. These performances will be spread over the two years, but will normally culminate in a 15/20-minute piece (or group of pieces). My direction of a major public performance occurred on Feb 2nd, 3rd and 5th of 2006.
Optimization in First-Passage Resetting
Creators: name: De Bruyne, B.
name: Randon-Furling, J.
name: Redner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate classic diffusion with the added feature that a diffusing particle is reset to its starting point each time the particle reaches a specified threshold. In an infinite domain, this process is non-stationary and its probability distribution exhibits rich features. In a finite domain, we define a non-trivial optimization in which a cost is incurred whenever the particle is reset and a reward is obtained while the particle stays near the reset point. We derive the condition to optimize the net gain in this system, namely, the reward minus the cost.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex 4-1 format. Version 1 contains changes in response to referee comments. Version 2: A missing factor of 2 in an inline formula has been corrected
Additional file 1 of Effect of anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy on the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy
Creators: name: Jeng, Chi-Juei
name: Hsieh, Yi-Ting
name: Lin, Cheng-Li
name: Wang, I-Jong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Studies of APAC use.
Observational tests of the self-dual spacetime in loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Zhu, Tao
name: Wang, Anzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-dual spacetime was derived from the mini-superspace approach, based on the polymerization quantization procedure in loop quantum gravity (LQG). Its deviation from the Schwarzschild spacetime is characterized by the polymeric function $P$, purely due to the geometric quantum effects from LQG. In this paper, we consider the observational constraints imposed on $P$ by using the solar system experiments and observations. For this purpose, we calculate in detail the effects of $P$ on astronomical observations conducted in the Solar system, including the deflection angle of light by the Sun, gravitational time delay, perihelion advance, and geodetic precession. The observational constraints are derived by confronting the theoretical predictions with the most recent observations. Among these constraints, we find that the tightest one comes from the measurement of the gravitational time delay by the Cassini mission, which yields $0
description: 9 pages, 1 table; version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
title: E-learning, language education and the role of writing : a case study
Creators: name: Marzocco, Nadia
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2012

description: This case study of a Swiss adult-learning institution investigates changing literacy practices and skills in adult foreign language education with relation to e-Iearning and with reference to the role of writing. Aspects concerning autonomous learning, teaching presence, and factors influencing the e-learning adoption-innovation process including access, pedagogical and policy-making implications were examined. The study uses both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. It is underpinned by thinking in the New literacy Studies tradition and hopes to fill an existing gap in research, as much of the available literature seems to focus on children or higher education. The main results indicate that currently there is a mix of, on the one hand, low digitally skilled and reluctant teacher-adopters and, on the other, highly enthusiastic an~ digitally motivated ones, There is also an indication that access to simple infrastructure, with a relatively small investment, could produce good results in helping practitioners move along the path from innovation to adoption. Digital literacies and changes in literacy practices tend to put writing at the centre of communication. Writing is intended both as a subject area and as a means of communicating digitally, The results also reveal that the role of writing is closely linked to whether practitioners and learners alike consider the communicative value of writing to be on par with communication using the spoken word, i.e, whether collaborative writing in particular can be considered 'talk', The data points to a joint need by policy-makers and practitioners to acknowledge new digital literacy practices and to include them in a holistic way in local contexts and curricula, It also points to the need for institutions to take responsibility for providing links between research and practice and to provide integrated training in the field of e-learning and blended learning.
Reproducibility of Potential Energy Surfaces of Organic/Metal Interfaces on the Example of PTCDA on Ag(111)
Creators: name: Hörmann, Lukas
name: Jeindl, Andreas
name: Hofmann, Oliver T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular adsorption at organic/metal interfaces depends on a range of mechanisms: covalent bonds, charge transfer, Pauli repulsion and van der Waals (vdW) interactions shape the potential energy surface (PES), making it key to understanding organic/metal interfaces. Describing such interfaces with density functional theory requires carefully selecting the exchange correlation (XC) functional and vdW correction scheme. To explore the reproducibility of the PES with respect to the choice of method, we present a benchmark of common local, semi-local and non-local XC functionals in combination with various vdW corrections. We benchmark these methods using perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) on Ag(111), one of the most frequently studied organic/metal interfaces. For each method, we determine the PES using a Gaussian process regression algorithm, which requires only about 50 DFT calculations as input. This allows a detailed analysis of the PESs' features, such as the positions and energies of minima and saddle points. Comparing the results from different combinations of XC functionals and vdW corrections enables us to identify trends and differences between the approaches. PESs for different computation methods are in qualitative agreement, but also displaying significant quantitative differences. In particular, lateral positions of adsorption geometries agree well with experiment, while adsorption heights, energies and barriers show larger discrepancies.
title: Möglichkeiten der Risikominimierung im Finanzierungslebenszyklus von Immobilien : Herausforderungen aus Bankensicht
Creators: name: Akdil, Thomas
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Bauträgervertragsgesetz
subject: Treuhänder
subject: Finanzierungsarten
subject: Österreich

description: Der Beitrag stellt die Möglichkeiten der Risikominimierung im Finanzierungslebenszyklus von Immobilien aus Bankensicht in den Mittelpunkt. Banken und Kreditinstitute tragen vor allem bei der Finanzierung von Bauträgervorhaben enorme Risiken, deren Höhe mit dem Projektfortschritt variiert. So sind die Risiken für die finanzierende Bank zu Beginn des Vorhabens in der Planungs- und Konzeptierungsphase am höchsten. Bei erfolgreichem Baufortschritt und einer angemessenen Vermarktung des Objektes nehmen sie ab. Im Beitrag werden die Besonderheiten im Umgang mit Immobilien ebenso beleuchtet wie der Ablauf, die Ziele, die Formen und die Risiken einer Immobilienfinanzierung. Die Sicht der Bank auf ihre Gestaltungsspielräume zur Minimierung ihrer Risiken orientiert sich am Risikopotential des gesamten Immobilienprojektes. Hier überlagern sich oftmals Risiken des Bauträgers und der Bank. Je nach Risikoart können Finanzierungsgeber unterschiedliche Absicherungsmaßnahmen treffen. Der Gestaltungsspielraum der Banken richtet sich an den Gegebenheiten des Objekts, des Bauträgers, der gewählten Finanzierung und dem rechtlichen Bezugsrahmen aus. In Österreich ist neben der Baugesetzgebung insbesondere das Bauträgervertragsgesetz und die Einrichtung der Treuhandschaft zu beachten, deren Handhabung an bestimmte Bedingungen gebunden ist. Die Immobilie selber bildet mit ihrem Zustand bezüglich Grund und Boden oder baulicher Art die Grundlage für daran ansetzende Planungen. Hier stellt sich die Durchführung von Machbarkeitsuntersuchungen, Wirtschaftlichkeitsund Renditeanalysen als unabdingbar für eine Risikominimierung aus Banksicht dar. Dazu gehören Analysen zur Marksituation, Standort, Nutzungskonzept, Wettbewerb, Baurecht, Kostenplanung sowie zum Finanzierungsmodell. Insbesondere Letzteres unterliegt den spezifischen Anforderungen des Finanzierungsgebers, z. B. Hinsichtlich Kreditsicherheiten, Laufzeit, Rückzahlungsmodalitäten, Covenants und einer risikoadäquaten Zinssatzbestimmung. Auch die individuelle Bonität des Kreditnehmers ist ein wichtiges Risikokriterium. Eine Risikooptimierung ist aus Bankensicht somit eine umfassende Aufgabe, für die eine große Auswahl an individuellen Finanzierungsbausteinen zur Verfügung stehen. Die Bewertung der Risiken sowie die darauf aufbauende Finanzierung sollte festgelegten Kriterien folgen, da die Immobilienfinanzierung für die Bank ein Ankerprodukt ist.
A Discrete Version of the Inverse Scattering Problem and the J-matrix Method
Creators: name: Zaytsev, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of the Hamiltonian matrix in the oscillator and Laguerre basis construction from the S-matrix is treated in the context of the algebraic analogue of the Marchenko method.
description: 11 pages. The Laguerre basis case is added
3-dimensional distribution of spin-polarized current: application to (Cu/Co) pillar structures
Creators: name: Hamrle, J.
name: Kimura, T.
name: Yang, T.
name: Otani, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formalism determining spin-polarized current and electrochemical potential inside arbitrary electric circuit within diffusive regime for parallel/antiparallel magnetic states. When arbitrary nano-structure is expressed by 3-dimensional (3D) electric circuit, we can determine 3D spin-polarized current and electrochemical potential distributions inside it. We apply this technique to (Cu/Co) pillar structures, where pillar is terminated either by infinitely large Cu layer, or by Cu wire with identical cross-sectional area as pillar itself. We found that infinitely large Cu layers work as a strong spin-scatterers, increasing magnitude of spin-polarized current inside the pillar twice and reducing spin accumulation nearly to zero. As most experimentally studied pillar structures are terminated by such a infinitely large layers, we propose modification of standard Valet-Fert formalism to simply include influence of such infinitely large layers.
description: 13 pages, 12 figues, 1 table