cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
One-loop Type II Seesaw Neutrino Model with Stable Dark Matter Candidates
Creators: name: Loualidi, M. A.
name: Miskaoui, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Opening up the Weinberg operator at 1-loop level using a scalar triplet, two scalar doublets and one fermion gives rise to T4-2-i one-loop topology. Neutrino masses generated from this topology are always accompanied by the tree level Type II seesaw contribution. In this work, we propose a radiative Majorana neutrino mass model based on this topology where to avoid the tree level Type II seesaw mechanism, we extend the model by a ${G}_{f}=\mathbb{D}_{4}\times Z_{3}\times Z_{5}\times Z_{2}$ flavor symmetry and we promote the fermion inside the loop to three right-handed neutrinos. In this scenario, the tree level Dirac neutrino masses resulted from these right-handed neutrinos is also prevented by the ${G}_{f}$ group. Moreover, in order for T4-2-i topology to fully function, the scalar sector is extended by two flavon fields where after ${G}_{f}$ symmetry breaking, the model accounts successfully for the observed neutrino masses and mixing as well as allows for the existence of stable dark matter (DM) candidates. Indeed, all the particles running in the loop are potential dark matter candidates as their stability is guaranteed by the unbroken discrete group $Z_{2}\in {G}_{f}$.
description: 26 pages 10 figures, typos fixed, added more discussion on DM candidates, references added
An investigation into green laundry products
Creators: name: Pistner, Lindsay
name: Grimm, Dean
name: Goodale, Jennifer
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: Using laundry detergents that are not environmentally friendly can cause a buildup of toxic chemicals in wastewater. By using a local green brand of detergent, these chemicals can be avoided to improve UBC’s water while providing income to a local Vancouver business. This investigation looks into a sustainable laundry solution for UBC residences. Various laundry detergents were researched considering specific aspects to identify the most suitable options. These were then compared with Tide Original Liquid Laundry Detergent, a benchmark product found through a survey of first year residents. As a result of the investigation, Nellie’s All- Natural Laundry Soda fulfilled all requirements without sacrificing cleaning capabilities. It is recommended to install dispensing machines in residence laundry rooms to provide a green laundry detergent convenient to all students. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Price flexibility in British supermarkets
Creators: name: Seaton, Jonathan S.
name: Waterson, Michael
name: Seaton, Jonathan S.
name: Waterson, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper delivers a significantly different empirical perspective on micro pricing behaviour and its impact on macroeconomic processes than previous studies. We examine a seven year period of pricing behaviour by the major British supermarkets encompassing the recession year 2008 and the partial recovery of 2009. Several of our findings run strongly counter to established empirical regularities, in particular the high overall frequency of regular or reference price changes we uncover, the greater intensity of change in more turbulent times and the numerical dominance of price falls over rises. The pricing behaviour revealed also significantly challenges the implicit assumption that prices are tracking cost changes.
Team adaptation and the changing nature of work : lessons from practice, evidence from research, and challenges for the road ahead
Creators: name: Rico, Ramon
name: Gibson, Cristina
name: Sanchez-Manzanares, Miriam
name: Clark, Mark
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: As the fabric of modern organizations, teams provide capacity to handle the ongoing adaptation demanded by contexts that characterize the future of work. While scholars have studied how team composition and structural characteristics facilitate team adaptation, both research and practice will benefit from also explicating the process of adapting—how a team’s active coping determines team adaptation over time. To move in this direction, we integrate perspectives on team adaptation which emphasize how teams understand complex environments and combine coordination processes to reach adaptive outcomes. This clarifies when, why, and how teams adapt, yielding performance benefits for organizations. Our goal is to offer evidence-based insights and theoretical reasoning to foster future research explaining the team adaptation–performance connection in current complex and changing work environments.
Amplitude death in coupled chaotic oscillators
Creators: name: Prasad, Awadhesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amplitude death can occur in chaotic dynamical systems with time-delay coupling, similar to the case of coupled limit cycles. The coupling leads to stabilization of fixed points of the subsystems. This phenomenon is quite general, and occurs for identical as well as nonidentical coupled chaotic systems. Using the Lorenz and Rössler chaotic oscillators to construct representative systems, various possible transitions from chaotic dynamics to fixed points are discussed.
description: To be published in PRE
Plasmonic Nanoslit Arrays Fabricated by Serial Bideposition: Optical and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Study
Creators: name: Kumar, Samir
name: Doi, Yusuke
name: Namura, Kyoko
name: Suzuki, Motofumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, studies have been carried out on attempts to combine surface-enhanced Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates that can be based on either localized surface plasmon (LSP) or surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) structures. By combining these two systems, the drawbacks of each other can be solved. However, the manufacturing methods involved so far are sophisticated, labor-intensive, expensive, and also technically demanding. We propose a facile method for the fabrication of a flexible plasmonic nanoslit SERS sensor. We utilized the pattern on periodic optical disks (DVD-R) as a cheap substitute for printing the periodic pattern on PDMS with soft imprint lithography. Ag nanoslit (AgNS) was fabricated by serial bideposition using a dynamic oblique angle deposition (DOD) technique. The nanoslit structures were physically and optically characterized, and the experimental results were compared to the numerical simulation studies; Monte Carlo and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. The Ag nanoslit structure showed an excellent SERS enhancement, and its biosensing capability was demonstrated by the sensing of bilirubin.
Additional file 3 of What can we do when the smoke rolls in? An exploratory qualitative analysis of the impacts of rural wildfire smoke on mental health and wellbeing, and opportunities for adaptation
Creators: name: Humphreys, Anna
name: Walker, Elizabeth G.
name: Bratman, Gregory N.
name: Errett, Nicole A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Wildfire Smoke and Health Instragram Story Developed by the University of Washington School of Public Health's Communications Team.
Holographic boiling and generalized thermodynamic description beyond local equilibrium
Creators: name: Li, Xin
name: Nie, Zhang-Yu
name: Tian, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tuning a very simple two-component holographic superfluid model, we can have a first order phase transition between two superfluid phases in the probe limit. Inspired by the potential landscape discussion, an intuitive physical picture for systems with first order phase transitions is provided. We stress that holography perfectly offers a generalized thermodynamic description of certain strongly coupled systems even out of local equilibrium, which enables us to carefully study domain wall structures of the system under first order phase transitions, either static or in real time dynamics. We numerically construct the 1D domain wall configuration and compute the surface tension of the domain wall from its generalized grand potential. We also numerically simulate the real time dynamics of a 2D bubble nucleation process (holographic boiling). The surface tension of the 1D domain wall nicely matches the final state of the 2D bubble nucleation process when the bubble radius is large enough.
ARE AFRICAN FARMERS EXPERIENCING IMPROVED INCENTIVES TO USE FERTILIZER?
Creators: name: Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda O.
name: Jayne, Thomas
name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Sanou, Awa
name: Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda O.
name: Jayne, Thomas
name: Muyanga, Milu
name: Sanou, Awa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: fertilizer
subject: African farmers
subject: input subsidies

description: Poor incentives saw fertilizer use in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) stagnate throughout the 1990s at roughly 10 kgs per cultivated hectare. This was partly due to the removal of crop price supports and input subsidies alongside input price hikes due to currency depreciation associated with the post-structural adjustment era. Though much has changed since the 1990s, there has been no comprehensive assessment of trends in African farmers’ incentives to use fertilizer in the last 15 years. This paper provides a comprehensive update on the incentives for fertilizer use among African farmers using data from seven countries accounting for about 65% of fertilizer consumption in SSA. We look at the trends in nitrogen/crop price ratios for key cereals (and their fluctuations) over time, the agronomic crop response rates to applied fertilizer and some underlying drivers of fertilizer cost in SSA such as transportation. We then examine the relationship between incentives and actual fertilizer consumption. We do not find evidence of improved incentives for fertilizer use in SSA. Rather we find that nitrogen cereal crop ratios remain high and have actually increased for most cereals compared to the 1990s. There has also been an increase in the variability of these ratios, particularly for maize. Transportation and handling costs continue to contribute significantly to the higher prices that smallholders pay. We also find consistent evidence that the agronomic yield response to applied fertilizer in SSA is low on farmer fields, often lower than response rates observed by studies in the 1990s. A more holistic approach to constraints to fertilizer profitability (costs as well as factors that will increase the efficiency of fertilizer use) is necessary for any sustainable intensification effort in SSA. This includes infrastructure or programs that reduce farmers distance from inputs and increase the agronomic response rates.
Parity-violating Kalb-Ramond-Maxwell interactions and CMB anisotropy in a braneworld
Creators: name: Maity, Debaprasad
name: Majumdar, Parthasarathi
name: SenGupta, Soumitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following up on a recent paper by two of us (DM and SS), demonstrating the large enhancement in observable optical activity in radiation from high redshift sources arising from the string-based coupling of bulk Kalb-Ramond field to the Maxwell Chern Simons three-form on the brane in a Randall-Sundrum braneworld, we exhibit here a similar enhancement in parity-violating temperature-polarization correlations, yet unseen, in the CMB anisotropy due to a generalized parity-violating Kalb-Ramond axion-photon interaction proposed earlier by one of us (PM). The non-observation of such correlations in CMB anisotropies would necessitate unnatural fine tuning of the Kalb-Ramond axion parameters. As a stringy realization of Randall-Sundrum braneworld scenario is yet to be understood properly, our work indicates the need of a careful investigation to establish the connection between string-based phenomenological models and the Randall-Sundrum braneworld scenario
description: 5 Pages,Revtex,No figure, version thoroughly revised, Accepted for publication in JCAP
Measuring the administrative water allocation mechanism and agricultural amenities
Creators: name: Yerushalmi, Erez
name: Yerushalmi, Erez
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Secondary water market
subject: Administrative water allocation
subject: Agricultural amenities
subject: General Equilibrium

description: Many arid countries use an administrative water allocation mechanism. Quotas, price discrimination, and increasing block taris are set and enforced by prohibiting the resale of water. Critics of this mechanism argue that allocation is politicized, subjective and slow to respond, and therefore misallocates water compared to a market mechanism. However, an administrative mechanism also promotes social goals that are not valued economically. In this paper, both positive and negative impacts of the administrative allocation are explored, using a general equilibrium model and with Israel as a case study. The model concludes that from 1995 to 2006, potable water misallocation in Israel was relatively small, on average of 5.5 percent of the potable water supply. The value of agricultural amenities is imputed at approximately 2.3 times agricultural output. At the margin, introducing a water market in Israel is not recommended, i.e., net-social welfare would fall.
Modification of intergrain connectivity, upper critical field anisotropy, and critical current density in ion irradiated MgB2 films
Creators: name: Kaushik, S. D.
name: Kumar, Ravi
name: Mishra, P. K.
name: Giencke, J. E.
name: Eom, C. B.
name: Patnaik, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of 100 MeV Silicon and 200 MeV Gold ion irradiation on the inter and intra grain properties of superconducting thin films of Magnesium Diboride. Substantial decrease in inter-grain connectivity is observed, depending on irradiation dose and type of ions used. We establish that modification of sigma band scattering mechanism, and consequently the upper critical field and anisotropy, depends on the size and directional properties of the extrinsic defects. Post heavy ion irradiation, the upper critical field shows enhancement at a defect density that is five orders of magnitude less compared to neutron irradiation. The critical current density however is best improved through light ion irradiation.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, submitted
Topological superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and valley-polarized phases in moire systems: Renormalization group analysis for twisted double bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Hsu, Yi-Ting
name: Wu, Fengcheng
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments have observed possible spin- and valley-polarized insulators and spin-triplet superconductivity in twisted double bilayer graphene, a moire structure consisting of a pair of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. Besides the continuously tunable band widths controlled by an applied displacement field and twist angle, these moire bands also possess van Hove singularities near the Fermi surface and a field-dependent nesting which is far from perfect. Here we carry out a perturbative renormalization group analysis to unbiasedly study the competition among all possible instabilities in twisted double bilayer graphene and related systems with a similar van Hove fermiology in the presence of weak but finite repulsive interactions. Our key finding is that there are several competing magnetic, valley, charge, and superconducting instabilities arising from interactions in twisted double bilayer graphene, which can be tuned by controlling the displacement field and the twist angle. In particular, we show that spin- or valley-polarized uniform instabilities generically dominate under moderate interactions smaller than the band width, whereas $p$-wave spin-triplet topological superconductivity and exotic spin-singlet modulated paired state become important as the interactions decrease. Realization of our findings in general moire systems with a similar van Hove fermiology should open up new opportunities for manipulating topological superconductivity and spin- or valley-polarized states in highly tunable platforms.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Prospects for the Sectoral Transformation of the Rural Economy in Tanzania: A Review of the Evidence
Creators: name: Benson, Todd
name: Randriamamonjy, Josee
name: Fang, Peixun
name: Nyange, David
name: Thurlow, James
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Benson, Todd
name: Randriamamonjy, Josee
name: Fang, Peixun
name: Nyange, David
name: Thurlow, James
name: Diao, Xinshen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Tanzania
subject: Agricultural assessment
subject: Agricultural sector
subject: Rural income

description: To guide economy-wide modeling efforts to identify specific public investments under Tanzania’s second Agricultural Sector Development Programme (ASDP II), this report provides an analysis of the performance of the rural economy of mainland Tanzania over the period 2008 through 2015, with a focus on the agriculture sector. More broadly, we seek to assess the nature and extent of any structural transformation in the rural economy by understanding trends in various components of it. The insights gained will then be used in the economy-wide modeling work to propose portfolios of public investments to foster both agricultural development in the short term—in alignment with the ASDP-II—and, in the longer-term, a sectoral transformation of the rural economy in which far fewer households rely solely on agriculture for their livelihoods. International data sets were used to examine the macroeconomic performance of the economy of Tanzania as a whole, trade performance, trends in labor productivity by sector, and aggregate crop production. To compile information on employment and several features of agricultural production —crop and livestock production, use of inputs, and agricultural commercialization—plus food consumption patterns, we analyze data from the Tanzania National Panel Survey to generate economic performance indicators specific to the rural mainland. Encouraging trends are seen along several dimensions, including in changes in food consumption patterns, uptake of improved seed, and an increase in the share of crops harvested that are sold. However, we also see a generally stagnant agricultural sector, maize productivity levels that are scarcely moving, a seemingly moribund livestock sub-sector, and a breakdown in the provision of technical information to farmers. In sum, despite some positive signs, the rural economy in Tanzania is not yet on the threshold of significant changes in its structure. It is unlikely that rural households will soon be as likely to pursue non-agricultural livelihoods as to engage in farming. Given these findings, using the economy-wide model for Tanzania, we next will assess a range of possible public investments that might be made to accelerate the positive trends observed and to address those factors hindering Tanzania from significant economic growth and transformation, particularly in the agricultural sector.
Court operations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Baldwin, Julie M.
name: Eassey, John M.
name: Brooke, Erika J.
Publisher: name: American Journal of Criminal Justice
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: This paper reviews the distinct nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and examines the resultant court responses and recommendations disseminated by various entities that support courts. Specifically, we contextualize the current environment the present pandemic has created by considering how it compares to the most-recent previous pandemics. We then review guidelines disseminated to the courts and the modifications and innovations implemented by the courts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional challenges related to these recommendations and modifications are identified and discussed.
Additional file 6 of Verticillium wilt resistant and susceptible olive cultivars express a very different basal set of genes in roots
Creators: name: Ramírez-Tejero, Jorge A.
name: Jiménez-Ruiz, Jaime
name: Serrano, Alicia
name: Belaj, Angjelina
name: León, Lorenzo
name: De La Rosa, Raúl
name: Mercado-Blanco, Jesús
name: Luque, Francisco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6. Table of groups of olive cultivars according to Verticillium wilt resistant response.
Additional file 1 of Morphological and microsatellite DNA diversity of Djallonké sheep in Guinea-Bissau
Creators: name: Dayo, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan
name: Houaga, Isidore
name: Somda, Martin Bienvenu
name: Linguelegue, Awa
name: Ira, Mamadou
name: Konkobo, Maurice
name: Djassi, Bacar
name: Gomes, Joao
name: Sangare, Mamadou
name: Cassama, Bernardo
name: Yapi-Gnaore, Chia Valentine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Map (study area) of the origins of Djallonké sheep sub-populations.
Team adaptation and the changing nature of work : lessons from practice, evidence from research, and challenges for the road ahead
Creators: name: Rico, Ramon
name: Gibson, Cristina
name: Sanchez-Manzanares, Miriam
name: Clark, Mark
Publisher: name: Australian Journal of Management
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3507
subject: Strategy, management and organisational behaviour

description: As the fabric of modern organizations, teams provide capacity to handle the ongoing adaptation demanded by contexts that characterize the future of work. While scholars have studied how team composition and structural characteristics facilitate team adaptation, both research and practice will benefit from also explicating the process of adapting—how a team’s active coping determines team adaptation over time. To move in this direction, we integrate perspectives on team adaptation which emphasize how teams understand complex environments and combine coordination processes to reach adaptive outcomes. This clarifies when, why, and how teams adapt, yielding performance benefits for organizations. Our goal is to offer evidence-based insights and theoretical reasoning to foster future research explaining the team adaptation–performance connection in current complex and changing work environments.
title: The vertical export of carbon and nitrogen caused by zooplankton diel vertical migration
Creators: name: Jarvis, Toby
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: Fieldwork was conducted at three contrasting sites to test the applicability of an in situ technique (ZOOFLUX) for the assessment of the role of zooplankton diel vertical migration (DVM) in the removal of carbon and nitrogen from the surface layer of the ocean to the depths (the active flux). ZOOFLUX relies on the detection of a significant dawn-dusk difference in the carbon and nitrogen weight of migrating individuals (δ). Therefore, its successful application is highly dependent upon the ecology of the migrant species, the level of individual variability in carbon and nitrogen weight (V), and the number of samples that can be collected (n).
 At site 1 (the Clyde Sea, western Scotland), Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus exhibited a variety of migration patterns, and did not always conform to the ‘normal’ DVM pattern of up at dusk and down at dawn (NDVM). As a result, δ was variable and V relatively high, while n was relatively low. When δ was non-significant, the probability of making a Type II statistical error (β) was high. In most cases, both the minimum number of samples (nmin), and the minimum diel change occurring in carbon and nitrogen weight (δmin), would have needed to be unrealistically high before ZOOFLUX was applicable to these species.
 At site 2 (the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda), Pleuromamma xiphias and krill (Thysanopoda aequalis, Euphausia hemigibba, and E. brevis) both performed NDVM. At site 3 (Doubtful Sound, New Zealand), Nyctiphanes australis performed NDVM at the population level, but some individuals remained at depth during the night, and others at the surface during the day. Despite the more uniform pattern of NDVM at both of these sites, the findings were similar to those at site 1:δ was variable, V relatively high, and n relatively low. Again, this meant that (nmin) and (δmin) were often unrealistically high.
 These findings are discussed in terms of (1) what we can now say about the factors contributing to the active flux, (2) the applicability of the ZOOFLUX technique, and (3) the way forward for future studies. While the ZOOFLUX technique is advocated for future application, it will only prove successful with a prior knowledge of the DVM behaviour of the target species, and the ability to collect interzonal migrants at the critical moments at which they pass both up and down through the pycnocline during n the diel
Unified scaling law for rate factor of crystallization kinetics
Creators: name: Mokshin, Anatolii V.
name: Galimzyanov, Bulat N.
name: Yarullin, Dinar T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Features of the crystallization kinetics define directly the rate characteristics: the crystal nucleation rate, the crystal growth rate and the so-called kinetic rate factor known also as the attachment rate (of particles to the surface of a crystalline nucleus). We show that the kinetic rate factor as function of the reduced temperature follows a unified scaled power law. This scenario is confirmed by our simulation results for model atomistic systems (crystallizing volumetric liquids and liquid thin film) and by available experimental data for crystallizing polymers. We find that the exponent of this unified scaling law is associated with a measure of the glass-forming ability of a system. The results of the present study extend the idea of a unified description of the rate characteristics of the crystal nucleation and growth kinetics by means of the scaling relations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Energy funneling in a bent chain of Morse oscillators with long-range coupling
Creators: name: Larsen, P. V.
name: Christiansen, P. L.
name: Bang, O.
name: Archilla, J. F. R.
name: Gaididei, Yu. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A bent chain of coupled Morse oscillators with long-range dispersive interaction is considered. Moving localized excitations may be trapped in the bending region. Thus chain geometry acts like an impurity. An energy funneling effect is observed in the case of random initial conditions.
description: 6 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to Physical Review E, Oct. 13, 2003
WEATHER DISTRIBUTIONS AND INPUT DECISIONS IN CROP PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Fletcher, Jerald J.
name: Dai, Qi
name: Fletcher, Jerald J.
name: Dai, Qi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Crop input decisions are often based on "normal" or average weather conditions. This paper compares the implications of using the mean of weather variables to using the entire distribution in determining optimal nitrogen fertilizer rates for corn in Indiana. In the case of a good (poor) weather-soil conditions for corn where the distribution skews to the left (right), using only the mean of weather variables in crop decision analysis would underestimate (overestimate) the expected crop yield. Either underestimating or overestimating expected yield implies input uses that may not be the most profitable. In this particular study, the economic losses implied by using only the mean rather than the whole distribution in nitrogen decision analrsis for corn ranged from $5.48 to $22. 77 per acre. Using the mean implies higher application rates and lower net returns.
Deconstructing effective non-Hermitian dynamics in quadratic bosonic Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Flynn, Vincent P.
name: Cobanera, Emilio
name: Viola, Lorenza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unlike their fermionic counterparts, the dynamics of Hermitian quadratic bosonic Hamiltonians are governed by a generally non-Hermitian Bogoliubov-de Gennes effective Hamiltonian. This underlying non-Hermiticity gives rise to a dynamically stable regime, whereby all observables undergo bounded evolution in time, and a dynamically unstable one, whereby evolution is unbounded for at least some observables. We show that stability-to-instability transitions may be classified in terms of a suitably generalized $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ symmetry, which can be broken when diagonalizability is lost at exceptional points in parameter space, but also when degenerate real eigenvalues split off the real axis while the system remains diagonalizable. By leveraging tools from Krein stability theory in indefinite inner-product spaces, we introduce an indicator of stability phase transitions, which naturally extends the notion of phase rigidity from non-Hermitian quantum mechanics to the bosonic setting. As a paradigmatic example, we fully characterize the stability phase diagram of a bosonic analogue to the Kitaev-Majorana chain under a wide class of boundary conditions. In particular, we establish a connection between phase-dependent transport properties and the onset of instability, and argue that stable regions in parameter space become of measure zero in the thermodynamic limit. Our analysis also reveals that boundary conditions that support Majorana zero modes in the fermionic Kitaev chain are precisely the same that support stability in the bosonic chain.
description: 30+7 pages, 11 figures, uses iopart.cls
title: Genotypic And Phenotypic Characterisation Of Isolates Of Burkholderia cepacia From Cystic Fibrosis
Creators: name: Clode, Fiona Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: Burkholderia cepacia has become an important cause of lung infections in cystic fibrosis sufferers of whom approximately 20% succumb to severe and often fatal necrotizing pneumonia and septicaemia. The factors which cause this are largely unknown as are those factors predisposing to epidemic spread. At present, published data only confirms that certain strains notably the UK epidemic strain EX 12 can spread amongst the CF population.

Another problem facing scientists which also impinges on patients and their carers, is the difficulty in isolating B. cepacia in mixed specimens and its subsequent identification and differentiation from closely related species which may also colonise the CF lung. Identification has recently been compounded by the identification of more than one species or genomovar of B. cepacia.

This study compared traditional phenotypic methods of identifying B. cepaciawith PGR methods and also evaluated direct detection of the organism in sputum by PGR. The presence of B. cepacia in the natural environment was determined by culturing environmental samples on selective media.

Putative epidemic markers in B. cepacia were detected and this was correlated with genomovar group and RAPD fingerprint.

Finally, the distribution of various virulence markers including serum sensitivity and presence of EPS were monitored and were also correlated with genomovar group.

The results of this study showed that PGR methods for the identification of B. cepacia are more sensitive and specific than traditional methods and allow for its direct detection in sputa. Only the UK epidemic strain appears to spread epidemically in the UK and this strain is most reliably identified by the presence of the cable pili gene (cblA). Serum sensitivity and correlation with strain-type and presence of EPS was significant as was the presence of intracellular enzymes and strain or genomovar group. However the significance of these enzymes in pathogenicity remains uncertain.
INVESTMENT IN FLEXIBILITY UNDER RATE REGULATION
Creators: name: Spiegel, Yossef
name: Spiegel, Yossef
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: rate regulation
subject: flexibility
subject: capital structure
subject: goldplating

description: This paper considers the effects of a regulated firm's capital structure on the firm's choice of technology. In models of rate regulation, the firm has an incentive to adopt a technology that is too inflexible, relative to the social optimum, in the sense that it would like to choose a cost function with higher than optimal variable costs and lower than optimal fixed costs. This effect arises because regulators wish to maximize welfare, and therefore have an incentive to require that the regulated price will be set as close as possible to marginal cost. Hence, a technology with a low marginal cost is associated with a low regulated price, and is not attractive to the firm. Performance under rate regulation can be improved, however, if the firm is leveraged, because debt induces regulators to increase the regulated price to prevent the firm from becoming financially distressed. Consequently the cost of flexibility to the firm is lowered, leading it to choose a more flexible technology, closer to the socially optimal level. In the context of this model, the firm may have an incentive to gold plate (i.e., waste resources) if regulators restrict its ability to issue debt. This incentive disappears, however, when the firm is allowed to issue its most preferred capital structure.
title: Finanziarizzare la sostenibilità. Attori, processi e rappresentazioni della finanza sostenibile in Italia
Creators: name: Nupieri, Tiziana
Publisher: name: Sapienza University of Rome
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02be6w209
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Che cos’è la finanza sostenibile? Perché il settore finanziario, storicamente orientato al profitto, si avvicina alle questioni socioambientali? Può la finanza sostenibile offrire soluzioni concrete alla crisi socio-ecologica contemporanea?
Il libro, sulla base di una ricerca in cui è esplorata la rete degli attori che intervengono nella costruzione dei discorsi pubblici e politici sulla finanza sostenibile in Italia, analizza i significati attribuiti a questo concetto. Contrariamente a quanto espresso nelle rappresentazioni mainstream, la finanza sostenibile si configura come uno strumento utile a riprodurre discorsivamente alcuni principi del paradigma neoliberista, nonché a sorreggere l’attivazione di corsi d’azione pubblica mirati a un progressivo processo di finanziarizzazione della sostenibilità.
Sequence-to-Sequence Imputation of Missing Sensor Data
Creators: name: Dabrowski, Joel Janek
name: Rahman, Ashfaqur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although the sequence-to-sequence (encoder-decoder) model is considered the state-of-the-art in deep learning sequence models, there is little research into using this model for recovering missing sensor data. The key challenge is that the missing sensor data problem typically comprises three sequences (a sequence of observed samples, followed by a sequence of missing samples, followed by another sequence of observed samples) whereas, the sequence-to-sequence model only considers two sequences (an input sequence and an output sequence). We address this problem by formulating a sequence-to-sequence in a novel way. A forward RNN encodes the data observed before the missing sequence and a backward RNN encodes the data observed after the missing sequence. A decoder decodes the two encoders in a novel way to predict the missing data. We demonstrate that this model produces the lowest errors in 12% more cases than the current state-of-the-art.
Environmental and Trade Interdependencies
Creators: name: Giuranna, Anne
name: Richardson, Jesse J.
name: Orden, David
name: Giuranna, Anne
name: Richardson, Jesse J.
name: Orden, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: There is currently a perceived rift between environmental and free trade interests. This paper demonstrates a framework for analyzing the environmental and welfare effects of various pollution control and trade policies. We find little room for the perceived divergence in interests and recommend cooperation rather than antagonism on these global issues.
m_T2 : the truth behind the glamour
Creators: name: Barr, Alan
name: Lester, Christopher
name: Stephens, Phil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the kinematic variable, m_T2, which is in some ways similar to the more familiar `transverse-mass', but which can be used in events where two or more particles have escaped detection. We define this variable and describe the event topologies to which it applies, then present some of its mathematical properties. We then briefly discuss two case studies which show how m_T2 is vital when reconstructing the masses of supersymmetric particles in mSUGRA-like and AMSB-like scenarios at the Large Hadron Collider.
The Rose Garden Agreement and the U.S. Processed Orange Industry
Creators: name: Spreen, Thomas H.
name: Behr, Robert M.
name: Spreen, Thomas H.
name: Behr, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: A partial equilibrium-implicit supply response model is developed to assess likely processed orange production response in the U.S. and Brazil stemming from a trade policy change envisioned under the so-called Rose Garden Agreement, a proposed free trade area involving the U.S. and four South American countries.
Brief report : HIV incidence among older adults in a rural South African setting 2010-2015
Creators: name: Gómez-Olivé, Francesc Xavier
name: Houle, Brian C.
name: Rosenberg, Molly S.
name: Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson
name: Mojola, Sanyu A.
name: Rohr, Julia K.
name: Clark, Samuel J.
name: Angotti, Nicole
name: Schatz, Enid J.
name: Kahn, Kathleen
name: Bärnighausen, Till
name: Menken, Jane A.
Publisher: name: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: INTRODUCTION: In South Africa, evidence shows high HIV prevalence in older populations, with sexual behavior consistent with high HIV acquisition and transmission risk. However, there is a dearth of evidence on older people's HIV incidence. METHODS: We used a 2010-2011 cohort of HIV-negative adults in rural South Africa who were 40 years or older at retest in 2015-2016 to estimate HIV incidence over a 5-year period. We used Poisson regression to measure the association of HIV seroconversion with demographic and behavioral covariates. We used inverse probability sampling weights to adjust for nonresponse in 2015, based on a logistic regression with predictors of sex and age group at August 2010. RESULTS: HIV prevalence increased from 21% at baseline to 23% in the follow-up survey. From a cohort of 1360 individuals, 33 seroconverted from HIV negative at baseline, giving an overall HIV incidence rate of 0.39 per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28 to 0.57]. The rate for women was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.67), double than that for men, 0.21 (95% CI: 0.10 to 0.51). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) again show women's risk of seroconverting double than that of men (IRR = 2.04, P value = 0.098). In past age 60, the IRR of seroconversion was significantly lower than that for those in their 40s (60-69, IRR = 0.09, P value = 0.002; 70-79, IRR = 0.14, P value = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of acquiring HIV is not zero for people older than 50 years, especially women. Our findings highlight the importance of acknowledging that older people are at high risk of HIV infection and that HIV prevention and treatment campaigns must take them into consideration.
Rapid Filamentary Accretion as the Origin of Extended Thin Discs
Creators: name: Kretschmer, Michael
name: Agertz, Oscar
name: Teyssier, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic outflows driven by stellar feedback are crucial for explaining the inefficiency of star formation in galaxies. Although strong feedback can promote the formation of galactic discs by limiting star formation at early times and removing low angular momentum gas, it is not understood how the same feedback can result in diverse objects such as elliptical galaxies or razor thin spiral galaxies. We investigate this problem using cosmological zoom-in simulations of two galaxies forming within $10^{12}~\mathrm{M_\odot}$ halos with almost identical mass accretion histories and halo spin parameters. However, the two resulting galaxies end up with very different bulge-to-disc ratios at $z = 0$. At $z>1.5$, the two galaxies feature a surface density of star formation $Σ_{\rm SFR}\simeq 10~\mathrm{M_\odot}~{\rm yr}^{-1}~{\rm kpc}^{-2}$, leading to strong outflows. After the last starburst episode, both galaxies feature a dramatic gaseous disc growth from 1~kpc to 5~kpc during 1~Gyr, a decisive event we dub "the Grand Twirl". After this event, the evolutionary tracks diverge strongly, with one galaxy ending up as a bulge-dominated galaxy, whereas the other ends up as a disc-dominated galaxy. The origins of this dichotomy are the angular momentum of the accreted gas, and whether it adds constructively to the initial disc angular momentum. The build-up of this extended disc leads to a rapid lowering of $Σ_{\rm SFR}$ by over two orders of magnitude with $Σ_{\rm SFR} \lesssim 0.1~\mathrm{M_\odot}~{\rm yr}^{-1}~{\rm kpc}^{-2}$, in remarkable agreement with what is derived from Milky Way stellar populations. As a consequence, supernovae explosions are spread out and cannot launch galactic outflows anymore, allowing for the persistence of a thin, gently star forming, extended disc.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, published in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Translating Medicaid policy into practice: policy implementation strategies from three US states’ experiences enhancing substance use disorder treatment
Creators: name: Crable, Erika L.
name: Benintendi, Allyn
name: Jones, David K.
name: Walley, Alexander Y.
name: Hicks, Jacqueline Milton
name: Drainoni, Mari-Lynn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research Checklist
Aerial scene classification through fine-tuning with adaptive learning rates and label smoothing
Creators: name: Petrovska, Biserka
name: Atanasova-Pacemska, Tatjana
name: Corizzo, Roberto
name: Mignone, P.
name: Lameski, Petre
name: Zdravevski, Eftim
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Remote Sensing (RS) image classification has recently attracted great attention for its application in different tasks, including environmental monitoring, battlefield surveillance, and geospatial object detection. The best practices for these tasks often involve transfer learning from pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A common approach in the literature is employing CNNs for feature extraction, and subsequently train classifiers exploiting such features. In this paper, we propose the adoption of transfer learning by fine-tuning pre-trained CNNs for end-to-end aerial image classification. Our approach performs feature extraction from the fine-tuned neural networks and remote sensing image classification with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model with linear and Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernels. To tune the learning rate hyperparameter, we employ a linear decay learning rate scheduler as well as cyclical learning rates. Moreover, in order to mitigate the overfitting problem of pre-trained models, we apply label smoothing regularization. For the fine-tuning and feature extraction process, we adopt the Inception-v3 and Xception inception-based CNNs, as well the residual-based networks ResNet50 and DenseNet121. We present extensive experiments on two real-world remote sensing image datasets: AID and NWPU-RESISC45. The results show that the proposed method exhibits classification accuracy of up to 98%, outperforming other state-of-the-art methods.
Degradation of continuous variable entanglement in a phase-sensitive environment
Creators: name: Rossi, Andrea R.
name: Olivares, Stefano
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the propagation of twin-beam of radiation through Gaussian phase-sensitive channels, i.e. noisy channels with squeezed fluctuations. We find that squeezing the environment always reduces the survival time of entanglement in comparison to the case of simple dissipation and thermal noise. We also show that the survival time is further reduced if the squeezing phase of the fluctuations is different from the twin-beam phase.
description: to be published in the special issue of J. Mod. Opt. (April 2004) edited by R. Bonifacio, B.G. Englert and M.G.A. Paris, devoted to the 2003 Garda Lake Workshop on "Mysteries, Puzzles and Paradoxes in Quantum Mechanics"