Ampullaria gracilis
Creators: name: Cowie, Robert H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Architaenioglossa
Ampullariidae
Ampullaria
Ampullaria gracilis

description: gracilis
Ampullaria gracilis Lea, 1856: 110. Type material — syntypes: USNM 106323 (1 spm., labelled “ holotype ”), USNM 106323a (1 spm.). Type locality —“ Siam ” [Thailand]. Distribution — Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam (Nevill 1885: 7; Dautzenberg & Fischer 1905: 426; Annandale 1920a: 11; Brandt 1974: 52); restricted to Burma / Myanmar, teste Subba Rao (1989: 60).
Remarks. Variety of conica Wood, teste Prashad (1925: 80). Variety of scutata Mousson, teste Subba Rao (1989: 60). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59), Annandale (1920a: 5), Brandt (1974: 52) and Keawjam (1986: 71, 1987: 69, 1990: 11), in Pila, followed here.
gradata
Ampullaria gradata Smith, 1881: 289, pl. 33, figs. 22, 22a. Type material: syntypes: NHMUK 1880.12.20.120–121 (2 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00118 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Lake Nyassa and between it and the east coast”.
Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59). Synonym of letourneuxi Bourguignat, teste Pain (1963: 153). Use of the term “named form” by Brown (1980: 45, 1994: 54) was probably intended to mean synonymy, but is not explicit; however, Brown (1980: 45) stated that neither gradata nor letourneuxi seem distinct from ovata Olivier, which is here considered as synonymizing them. Therefore treated here as a synonym of ovata Olivier.
gruneri
Ampullaria Gruneri Philippi, 1852b: 24 [1852a: 37, pl. 9, fig. 8]. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —[no locality given].
Remarks. From Cambodia, teste Gaudion (1880: 31) and Paetel (1887: 479). Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 56) and Brandt (1974: 49).
incrassatula
Ampullaria globosa Var. incrassatula Nevill, 1877: 4. Type material — lectotype (Prashad 1925: 74, pl. 13, fig. 8): NZSI 2399; paralectotypes: NZSI 25083/5 (8 spms.). Type locality —“Calcutta”.
Remarks. The original description was based on a series of 14 specimens and Prashad (1925: 74, pl. 13, fig. 9) subsequently unambiguously selected one of these syntypes to act as the unique name-bearing type (Code, Art. 74.5), thereby designating the lectotype. In 2014, in addition to the lectotype, 8 spms. (paralectotypes) were found in NZSI; the location of the other five is not known. The type locality was restricted to Calcutta by designation of the lectotype. Other localities (of paralectotypes) given by Nevill (1877: 4) were “Dum-Dum” (see also Nevill, 1885: 2) and “at the village of Koakally, close to Dum-Dum”. Variety of globosa Swainson, teste Paetel (1887: 479), G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59), Preston (1915: 97), Prashad (1925: 71) and Subba Rao (1989: 58). Synonym of globosa Swainson, teste Prashad (1923: 587), followed here.
inops
Ampullaria inops Morelet, 1851: 220. Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 1893.6.30.130–132 (3 spms., labelled “ cecillei ”). Type locality —“palustria ad orientem insulae Madagascar ” [swamps in eastern Madagascar]. Remarks. Synonym of cecillei Philippi, teste Alderson (1925: 92), Starmühlner (1969: 119) and Brown (1994: 57), followed here. Alderson (1925: 92) discussed the locality Nossi-bé.
javanica
Ampullaria Javanica Reeve, 1856c: pl. 20, fig. 96. Type material — syntype: NHMUK 20140836 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Java”.
Remarks. Prashad (1923: 590) referred to “the type ” without providing explicit details of its identity or whereabouts, although it can be inferred from his publication that it was in NHMUK. This is not considered a valid lectotype fixation and the specimen is therefore treated here as a syntype (Code, Rec. 73F). Variety of scutata Mousson, teste Gaudion (1880: 32). Variety of conica Wood, teste Nevill (1885: 5), G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 58), Prashad (1923: 590) and Alderson (1925: 78). Synonym of scutata Mousson, teste Brandt (1974: 52), Low et al. (2013: 56) and Ng et al. (2014: 34), followed here.
javensis
Ampullaria ampullacea var. javensis Nevill, 1885: 6. Type material — syntypes: NZSI (1 spm.), the shells illustrated as celebensis by Mousson (1849: pl. 9 [as “pl. I”; error], fig. 1) [not found in MNHN or ZMZ (cf. Dance 1986: 220)] and Philippi (1852a: pl. 19, fig. 3) [possibly MNHNCL 15948 (1 spm., old number 61.061, see celebensis)], non Quoy & Gaimard. Type locality —“Pardana”, “Java” (Mousson 1849: 59), “Java” (Philippi 1852a: 60), “Java” (Nevill 1885: 6).
Remarks. The NZSI specimen is labelled “subcelebensis” a name that has never been published. In his original description of javensis, Nevill (1885: 6) said that this was celebensis of Mousson and of Philippi (non Quoy & Gaimard) and that it had a less produced spire than true celebensis. So the name “subcelebensis” makes sense. The dimensions of the NZSI specimen match those given by Nevill (63 mm high, 56 mm wide) for his specimen, which is therefore here considered a syntype of javensis Nevill. Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus, teste Paetel (1887: 479; as “ javanica ”) and of magnifica Philippi, teste Boettger (1890: 155).
+ koleensis
Pila africana koleensis Venmans, 1956: 141, pl. 5. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: RMNH 55392; paratypes: RMNH 55393 (10 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00134 (1 spm.), NMW.Z.1981.118.02916 (1 spm.). Type locality —“river basin of the Aruwimi in the neighbourhood of Kole, a small borough some 80 km. north of Banalia in the Belgian Congo ” [Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Distribution —only known from the type locality (Pain 1961: 25).
Remarks. Venmans (1956: 140–141) listed the holotype and 19 paratypes, two of which were in the collection of T. Pain. The RMNH specimens listed above are from Venmans and the NMW specimens are from Pain. The whereabouts of the other seven paratypes is unknown.
kordofana
Ampullaria Kordofana Jay, 1850: 282. Unavailable name: nom. nud. Remarks. Name attributed to Parreyss by Jay. Locality given as “Africa”.
kordofana
Ampullaria Kordofana Philippi, 1852a: 44, pl. 13, fig. 1. Type material —possible syntypes: MNHNCL 15902 (1 spm., old number 61.072), SMF 344089 (2 spms., ex. Pareyss). Type locality —“Kordofan” [Sudan].
Remarks. Name attributed to “Parreyss in lit.” by Philippi. The legend to the illustrations of Bourguignat (1864: pl. 11, figs. 12, 13) says “12 13 Ampullaria kordofana (type)”, with no explicit selection of one of the two specimens (the illustrations of which differ in size) as the “ type ” and no additional explanation of their provenance; this therefore does not constitute designation of a lectotype (Code, Art. 74.5, 74.6), especially as Bourguignat often used the term “ type ” to mean “typical” (E. Neubert pers. comm. 25 September 2014). Valid species, teste Bourguignat (1864: 78, 1879: 32, 1889: 167) and Germain (1907b: 116). Variety of ovata Olivier, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 60) and Alderson (1925: 95). Synonym of ovata Olivier, teste Gaudion (1880: 35), Pain (1952: 286, 1961: 10) and Mandahl-Barth (1954: 40), followed here.
lacustris
Pachylabra turbinis Race lacustris Annandale, 1920a: 20. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: NZSI 11571/2 M; possible paratypes: NZSI 10511/2 (4 spms.). Type locality —“edge of the inner or freshwater region of the Tale Sap or Inland Sea of Singgora” [Thailand].
Remarks. Annandale (1920a: 20–21) gave measurements for three specimens, but designated one as the “Typespecimen”. Race of turbinis Lea, teste Annandale (1920a: 5). Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus, teste Brandt (1974: 50), followed here.
lamellosa
Ampullaria ovata Var i ét é lamellosa Germain, 1912: 323 –324, fig. 61. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“Le Niger ”
Remarks. Valid species, teste Pilsbry & Bequaert (1927: 182). Synonym of wernei Philippi, teste Pain (1961: 18), followed here.
largillierti
Ampullaria Largillierti Philippi, 1849a: 192 [1852a: 46, pl. 13, fig. 5]. Type material —possible syntypes: MNHNCL 15889 (1 spm., possibly the figured spm.); MCZ 146108 (2 spms.). Type locality —“Nossibe” [Madagascar].
Remarks. The location of the type locality is ambiguous. Nossi-bé (Philippi 1852a: 47) is an island (now known as Nosy Be) off the northwest coast of Madagascar. However, Alderson (1925: 85) presumed the type locality to be the lake on the east of Madagascar south of Tamatave (now Toamasina). Listed by Bourguignat (1889: 167) as from the coast of Mozambique. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59) and Alderson (1925: 84), who both considered largillierti Reeve non Philippi to be a variety of virens Lamarck. Synonym of cecillei Philippi, teste Starmühlner (1969: 119) and Fischer-Piette & Vukadinovic (1974: 349), followed here.
description: Published as part of Cowie, Robert H., 2015, The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda, pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 3940 (1) on pages 37-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/288204