cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A brief intervention for drug use, sexual risk behaviours and violence prevention with vulnerable women in South Africa: a randomised trial of the Women’s Health CoOp
Creators: name: Myers, Bronwyn
name: Novak, Scott P.
name: Kline, Tracy
name: Jewkes, Rachel
name: Wechsberg, Wendee M.
name: Parry, Charles
name: Carney, Tara
name: Browne, Felicia A.
name: Lopez, Antonio A.Morgan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: ObjectiveTo assess the impact of the Women's Health CoOp (WHC) on drug abstinence among vulnerable women having HIV counselling and testing (HCT).DesignRandomised trial conducted with multiple follow-ups.Setting15 communities in Cape Town, South Africa.Participants720 drug-using women aged 18–33, randomised to an intervention (360) or one of two control arms (181 and 179) with 91.9% retained at follow-up.InterventionsThe WHC brief peer-facilitated intervention consisted of four modules (two sessions), 2 h addressing knowledge and skills to reduce drug use, sex risk and violence; and included role-playing and rehearsal, an equal attention nutrition intervention, and an HCT-only control.Primary outcome measuresBiologically confirmed drug abstinence measured at 12-month follow-up, sober at last sex act, condom use with main and casual sex partners, and intimate partner violence.ResultsAt the 12-month endpoint, 26.9% (n=83/309) of the women in the WHC arm were abstinent from drugs, compared with 16.9% (n=27/160) in the Nutrition arm and 20% (n=31/155) in the HCT-only control arm. In the random effects model, this translated to an effect size on the log odds scale with an OR of 1.54 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.22) comparing the WHC arm with the combined control arms. Other 12-month comparison measures between arms were non-significant for sex risk and victimisation outcomes. At 6-month follow-up, women in the WHC arm (65.9%, 197/299) were more likely to be sober at the last sex act (OR1.32 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.84)) than women in the Nutrition arm (54.3%, n=82/152).ConclusionsThis is the first trial among drug-using women in South Africa showing that a brief intervention added to HCT results in greater abstinence from drug use at 12 months and a larger percentage of sexual activity not under the influence of substances.Trial registration numberNCT00729391 ClinicalTrials.gov
Examining the effects of exposure to terahertz radiation on the tympanic membrane
Creators: name: Shams, Reza
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This research explores the potential of future wireless technologies and investigates their interaction with the human body, focusing on how terahertz frequencies might interact with the eardrum. The study opens avenues for further exploration into the safe application of these technologies. Additionally, it examines public perceptions of new networks like 5G and beyond, revealing that greater knowledge about electromagnetic fields may help ease concerns. Overall, this research highlights the importance of ongoing scientific investigation and public education to ensure the safe and informed adoption of emerging wireless technologies.
An observational study of retail availability and in-store marketing of e-cigarettes in London: potential to undermine recent tobacco control gains?
Creators: name: Hsu, Robert
name: Myers, Allison E.
name: Marteau, Theresa M.
name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: ObjectivesE-cigarette companies and vendors claim the potential of e-cigarettes to help smokers reduce or quit tobacco use. E-cigarettes also have the potential to renormalise smoking. The purpose of this study was to describe the availability and in-store marketing of e-cigarettes in London, UK stores selling tobacco and alcohol.DesignObservational study.SettingSmall and large stores selling alcohol and tobacco in London, UK.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe number of stores selling e-cigarettes, the number of stores with an interior or exterior e-cigarette advertisement, the number of stores with an e-cigarette point-of-sale movable display, store size, deprivation index score for store's corresponding lower super output area.ResultsAudits were completed in 108 of 128 selected stores. 62 of the audited stores (57%) sold e-cigarettes. E-cigarette availability was unrelated to store size. There was a statistically non-significant trend towards increased availability in more deprived areas (p=0.069). 31 of the 62 stores (50%) selling e-cigarettes had a point-of-sale movable display, with all but one found in small stores. Two small stores had interior advertisements and eight had exterior advertisements. No advertisements were observed in large stores.ConclusionsThis audit revealed widespread availability of e-cigarettes and in-store marketing in London, UK. Even if e-cigarettes prove to be an effective cessation aid, their sale and use are resulting in an increasing public presence of cigarette-like images and smoking behaviour. After decades of work to denormalise smoking, these findings raise the question of whether e-cigarettes are renormalising smoking.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Reprogramming of human cells to pluripotency induces CENP-A chromatin depletion
Creators: name: Milagre, Inês
name: Pereira, Carolina
name: Oliveira, Raquel A.
name: Jansen, Lars E. T.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Pluripotent stem cells have a weaker centromere, but normal levels of AurB, when compared to differentiated cells.
rmd202h.pdf
Creators: name: Garcia-Corral, Jesus Ricardo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine

description: Abstract
 BACKGROUND: Pemphigus vulgaris is a bullous autoimmune disease due to the
 production of IgG type autoantibodies against desmogleins 1 and 3. Mucosal affec tion is the initial presentation in over the half of the patients, with subsequent skin
 dissemination.
 CLINICAL CASES: This paper reports the case of a 39 year-old man, who initially
 showed a localized skin disease in the nasal ala and a superficial case in an adolescent
 of 16 years old, with exulcerations and crusts in the face, trunk and extremities. Histo pathology examination and direct immunofluorescence assay confirmed diagnosis of
 pemphigus vulgaris and in the second case histopathology showed a subcorneal form.
 Patient with pemphigus vulgaris was treated with high-potency topical steroids with
 resolution of lesions and superficial case showed a very mild response to the treatment
 with systemic corticosteroids.
 CONCLUSIONS: Treatment is based on the administration of oral glucocorticoids.
 The evolution of the disease is chronic. The prognosis of foliar pemphigus is usually
 considered favorable, due to the good response to treatment.
Erratum: Lipschitz connectivity and filling invariants in solvable groups and buildings
Creators: name: Young, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 20F65, 20E42

description: This note corrects some omissions in section 2 of the paper "Lipschitz connectivity and filling invariants in solvable groups and buildings."
description: 4 pages
Long-term prediction of major coronary or ischaemic stroke event in a low-incidence Southern European population: model development and evaluation of clinical utility
Creators: name: Mancia, Giuseppe
name: Ferrario, Marco M.
name: Gianfagna, Francesco
name: Cesana, Giancarlo
name: Giampaoli, Simona
name: Veronesi, Giovanni
name: Chambless, Lloyd E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: ObjectiveTo develop a long-term prediction model of first major cardiovascular event and to assess its clinical utility in a low-incidence European population.SettingFour independent population-based cohorts enrolled between 1986 and 1993 in Northern Italy.Participants and methodsN=5247 35-year-old to 69-year-old men and women free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Absolute 20-year risk of first fatal or non-fatal coronary or ischaemic stroke event (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease (MONICA) validated) was estimated from gender-specific Cox models.Main outcome measuresModel discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-curve, AUC). ‘High-risk’ subjects were identified based on several threshold values for the 20-year predicted risk. Clinical utility was defined in terms of fraction of missed events (events among those considered at low-risk) and unnecessary treatment (false:true positive ratio). A net benefit curve was also provided.ResultsKaplan-Meier 20-year risk was 16.1% in men (315 events) and 6.1% in women (123 events). Model discrimination (AUC=0.737 in men, 0.801 in women) did not change significantly as compared to 10-year prediction time interval. In men, with respect to risk stratification based on the number of risk factors, a 20% predicted risk cut-off would miss less events (36% vs 50%) and reduce unnecessary treatment (false:true positive ratio 2.2 vs 3.0); the net benefit was higher over the whole range of threshold values. Similar considerations hold for women.ConclusionsLong-term prediction has good discrimination ability and is clinically useful for risk stratification in primary prevention. A clinical utility analysis is recommended to identify the optimal stratification according to different public health goals.
Constraints on variations in inflaton decay rate from modulated preheating
Creators: name: Mazumdar, Arindam
name: Modak, Kamakshya Prasad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modulated (p)reheating is thought to be an alternative mechanism for producing super-horizon curvature perturbations in CMB. But large non-gaussianity and iso-curvature perturbations produced by this mechanism rule out its acceptability as the sole process responsible for generating CMB perturbations. We explore the situation where CMB perturbations are mostly generated by usual quantum fluctuations of inflaton during inflation, but a modulated coupling constant between inflaton and a secondary scalar affects the preheating process and produces some extra curvature perturbations. If the modulating scalar field is considered to be a dark matter candidate, coupling constant between the fields has to be unnaturally fine tuned in order to keep the local-form non-gaussianity and the amplitude of iso-curvature perturbations within observational limit; otherwise parameters of the models have to be tightly constrained. Those constraints imply that the curvature perturbations generated by modulated preheating should be less than 15% of the total observed CMB perturbations. On the other hand if the modulating scalar field is not a dark matter candidate, parameters of the models could not be constrained, but the constraints on the maximum amount of the curvature perturbations coming from modulated preheating remain valid.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, matches accepted version in JCAP
title: Beyond ‘Bisexual’: Toward a New Conceptualization of Bi+ Experience
Creators: name: Hutchinson, Brook
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Scholars have begun to explore sexual identity development and the impact of sexuality binaries on well-being for bi+ individuals. However, extant research has not yet fully analyzed the experiences of bi+ individuals in heterosexual relationships, particularly those who have never experienced a non-heterosexual relationship. This community remains relatively invisible in research and theory on sexuality and within LGBTQIA+ communities. The unique experiences of these individuals can provide valuable insights to the field of bi+ research by furthering our understanding of sexual identity development and queer inclusion and by underscoring the need for more inclusive research, policy, and practice. The current study seeks to fill this gap through a case study of bi+ individuals in Utah. Relying on in-depth interviews with sixteen bi+ identified individuals, this study explores the experiences of bi+ individuals engaged in heterosexual relationships, including how these individuals define their sexuality and negotiate their identity. To develop a framework for this study, I also critique research methodologies that exclude this population. Key findings include the unique pathways to identity development, a limited sense of belonging within queer heterosexual spaces, and the resulting double bind of sexuality invalidity and lack of place within queer communities. I conclude with a discussion of the implications of this project for more inclusive research on bi+ identities and more inclusive practices within queer communities.
Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of pyrazole-based inhibitors of meprin α and β
Creators: name: Tan, Kathrin
name: Jäger, Christian
name: Geissler, Stefanie
name: Schlenzig, Dagmar
name: Buchholz, Mirko
name: Ramsbeck, Daniel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Targeting metalloproteinases has been in the focus of drug design for a long time. However, meprin α and β emerged as potential drug targets just recently and are linked to several diseases with different pathological background. Nevertheless, the validation of meprins as suitable drug targets still requires highly potent and selective inhibitors as chemical probes to elucidate their role in pathophysiology. Albeit highly selective inhibitors of meprin β have already been reported, only inhibitors of meprin α with modest activity or selectivity are known. Starting from recently reported heteroaromatic scaffolds, the aim of this study was the optimisation of meprin α and/or meprin β inhibition while keeping the favourable off-target inhibition profile over other metalloproteases. We report potent pan-meprin inhibitors as well as highly active inhibitors of meprin α with superior selectivity over meprin β. The latter are suitable to serve as chemical probes and enable further target validation.
title: Atmospheric Mercury at Storm Peak Laboratory: Development of Methods to Calibrate Ambient Oxidized Mercury Measurements and Comparisons to a 3-D Photochemical Transport Model
Creators: name: Elgiar, Tyler Raymond
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic metal found ubiquitously throughout the environment that has the potential to harm wildlife and human health. Human exposure to Hg can lead to symptoms such as blindness, loss of memory, ataxia, and death. Hg exposure to pregnant women and young children is of even greater concern, as high levels of Hg can hinder fetal and child development.
Hg is emitted into the atmosphere through natural and anthropogenic processes such as biomass burning and the incineration of coal, respectively. Hg exists in the atmosphere as elemental Hg (Hg0) or in an oxidized form (HgII). HgII is more reactive and is easily deposited to earth’s surface where it can be converted into highly toxic organic Hg. Once in an ecosystem, Hg is subject to biomagnification and bioaccumulation, leading to high levels of Hg in food such as fish and rice.
Most previous measurements of atmospheric HgII were biased low and uncalibrated. Utah State University has developed an unbiased dual channel HgII measurement system that avoids a low bias, as well the first HgII calibration system that has been shown to work in field conditions. Both systems were deployed at Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL).
Many uncertainties surround Hg redox chemistry in the atmosphere, and 3-D photochemical models (e.g. GEOS-Chem) are useful tools to help elucidate Hg chemistry in ambient air. In this study, GEOS-Chem was used to simulate Hg at SPL and model output was compared to measurements made by the dual channel system. The model underestimated HgII concentrations by up to 88 %.
This work provides the first NIST-traceable calibrated HgII measurements ever. GEOS-Chem modeling results indicate missing redox pathways in the model, an overestimation of HgII deposition, and possibly an underestimation of Hg emissions. Our work shows that routine calibration of HgII measurements is possible, and supports the need for kinetics, modeling, and measurement studies in the future.
title: Tropical Atlantic Temperature and Hydrologic Shifts During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
Creators: name: Howard, Chels
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is a geologic climate event that is studied heavily due to the similarities to anthropogenic climate change. This event occurred approximately 56 million years ago (Ma) and is characterized by a rapid release of carbon into the atmosphere, which resulted in an increase in temperature and a change in global climate events such as changes in patterns of evaporation and precipitation. We see this effect occurring in modern anthropogenic climate change due to the burning of fossil fuels releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. In this study I use elemental data of foraminifera, microorganisms that form calcium carbonate shells, as proxies for temperature and salinity to determine climatic shifts over the PETM in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Those reconstructions are compared to climate model simulations as a data-model comparison to evaluate the confidence of climate models. Based on the observed and modeled data, it is clear that the relationship between temperature and CO2 is well understood: as CO2 concentrations increase, there is an increase in temperature. Modern climate model projections (i.e. CMIP6) agree with this observation. The changes in evaporation and precipitation are not as well-understood as the changes in temperature. Modern climate projections predict an increase in evaporation in areas where droughts are common and an increase in precipitation in areas that experience extreme rain events, such as monsoons. The paleoclimate data shows that this simple relationship becomes more complicated at very high pCO2: both our reconstructions and climate modeling suggest a subdued or opposite response at the extremely high pCO2 of the peak PETM. Studying past climate events will help bolster our understanding of how the earth will respond to a large, rapid release of CO2 in the atmosphere.
New XMM-Newton observation of the thermally emitting isolated neutron star 2XMM J104608.7-594306
Creators: name: Pires, Adriana M.
name: Motch, Christian
name: Turolla, Roberto
name: Popov, Sergei B.
name: Schwope, Axel D.
name: Treves, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isolated neutron star (INS) 2XMM J104608.7-594306 is one of the only two to be discovered through their thermal emission since the ROSAT era. In a first dedicated XMM-Newton observation of the source, we found intriguing evidence of a very fast spin period. We re-observed 2XMM J104608.7-594306 with XMM-Newton to better characterise the spectral energy distribution of the source, confirm the candidate spin period, and possibly constrain the pulsar spin-down. Statistically acceptable spectral fits and meaningful physical parameters for the source are only obtained when the purely thermal spectrum is modified by at least one line in absorption. The implied distance is consistent with a location in (or in front of) the Carina nebula, and radiation radii are compatible with emission originating on most of the surface. Non-thermal X-ray emission is ruled out at levels above 0.5% of the source luminosity. Unfortunately, the second XMM-Newton observation proved inconclusive in terms of confirming (discarding) the fast candidate spin, providing an upper limit on the pulsed fraction of the source that is very close to the limiting sensitivity for detecting the modulation found previously. In the absence of an unambiguous period determination and an estimate of the magnetic field, the nature of the source remains open to interpretation. Its likely association with the Carina cluster and its overall spectral properties (only shared by a handful of other peculiar INSs) disfavour a standard evolutionary path, or one in which the source was previously recycled by accretion in a binary system. The INS 2XMM J104608.7-594306 may be similar to Calvera (1RXS J141256.0+792204), a neutron star for which the scenario of an evolved `anti-magnetar' has been discussed. A better age estimate and deeper radio and gamma-ray limits are required to further constrain the evolutionary state of the neutron star.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A (revised version after language editing; results unchanged)
Mobile phone text messages for improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART): a protocol for an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials
Creators: name: Smieja, Marek
name: Pop-Eleches, Cristian
name: Mills, Edward J.
name: Lester, Richard T.
name: Dolovich, Lisa
name: Thabane, Lehana
name: Van Der Kop, Mia L.
name: Thirumurthy, Harsha
name: Mbuagbaw, Lawrence
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: IntroductionMobile phone text messaging is emerging as an important tool in the care of people living with HIV; however, reports diverge on its efficacy in improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and little is known about which patient groups may benefit most from phone-based adherence interventions. We will conduct an individual patient data meta-analysis to investigate the overall and subgroup effects of text messaging in three recently published text-messaging randomised controlled trials.Methods and analysisData from two Kenyan and one Cameroonian trial will be verified, reformatted and merged. We will determine pooled effect sizes for text messaging versus standard care for improving adherence to ART using individual patient random-effects meta-analysis. We will test for the interaction effects of age, gender, level of education and duration on ART. Sensitivity analyses will be conducted with regard to thresholds for adherence, methods of handling missing data and fixed-effects meta-analysis. Only anonymised data will be collected from the individual studies.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained for the individual studies. The results of this paper will be disseminated as peer-reviewed publications, at conferences and as part of a doctoral thesis. This individual patient data meta-analysis may provide important insights into the effects of text messaging on ART adherence in different subpopulations, with important implications for programme implementation involving such interventions and future research.
MPEC 2023-T223 : 2023 TA9
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TA9

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Fungi and their mycotoxins associated with maize ear rots from emerging maize farms in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Creators: name: Jenna-Lee Price
name: Yilmaz, Neriman
name: Visagie, Cobus M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ear rot, maize, multiple mycotoxins

description: Maize is South Africa’s most important crop. The Eastern Cape (EC) has been identified as an area of strategic importance for increased production, however, research on diseases affecting production in the province is lacking. This baseline study thus surveyed for ear rots at EC farms and determined the species and mycotoxins present. Diseased maize ears were collected from 11 farms. Fungal isolations were made and strains identified using morphology and DNA sequence comparisons. Translation elongation factor 1- α was sequenced to identify Cladosporium, Fusarium and Stenocarpella strains. LC-MS/MS was used to test for the presence 14 mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, deoxynivalenol (DON), diplodiatoxin, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON), fumonisin B1 (FUM B1), fumonisin B2 (FUM B2), fumonisin B3 (FUM B3), HT-2, T2 and zearalenone (ZEA). Ninety-three fungal strains were isolated and found to belong to Fusarium (73%), Stenocarpella (19%) and Cladosporium (8%). Mycotoxigenic species detected included Fusarium boothii (DON), F. graminearum (DON and ZEA), F. oxysporum and F. verticillioides (FUM); F. poae, F. subglutinans and F. temperatum (various emerging mycotoxins); and Stenocarpella maydis (diplodiatoxin). Mycotoxin analysis indicated samples were contaminated with DON (58%), diplodiatoxin (58%), 15-ADON (42%) and ZEA (25%). This study found known mycotoxin producers and their associated mycotoxins. Mycotoxins were detected at elevated levels, with 45% of the samples found to be contaminated with multiple mycotoxins. The identification and preservation of the causal agents will allow future work to focus on understanding abiotic and biotic factors that influence mycotoxin production.
Longstanding effects of continuous theta burst stimulation in adult amblyopes
Creators: name: Tuna, Ana Rita
name: Pinto, Nuno
name: Fernandes, Andresa
name: Brardo, Francisco Miguel
name: Pato, Maria Vaz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Continuous theta burst stimulation may be an important tool in the therapeutic management of amblyopia, when trying to correct the established neuronal imbalance. It is important to understand whether two sessions of continuous theta burst stimulation produce greater and longstanding changes in visual acuity and suppressive imbalance than one session of continuous theta burst stimulation We hypothesise that through the usage of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) it is possible to change cortical excitability in a situation where visual impairment is present. We selected 22 adult amblyopes, 18 females and 4 males, with an age range of 20–59 years. They were randomised into two groups: group A with 10 amblyopes was submitted to one session of cTBS and group B with 12 amblyopes submitted to two sessions of cTBS. Visual acuity (VA) and suppressive imbalance (SI) were evaluated immediately before and after stimulation in both groups A and B. A follow-up was done in both groups. For both group A and B, the VA improvements were significant after cTBS (p = 0.005 and p = 0.003, respectively). Regarding SI, both group A and B had significant improvements after cTBS (p = 0.03 and p = 0.005, respectively). Comparing groups, A and B no significant differences were found with regard to the results obtained both for VA (p = 0.72) and SI (p = 0.24). However, significant differences were found between group A and B with regard to the duration of stimulation effect for VA (p = 0.049) and SI (p = 0.03). We conclude that two sessions of cTBS do not produce better results than one session of stimulation. However, it seems that two sessions of cTBS produce longstanding effects in VA and SI.
Contact and Structure Factor for Bosonic and Fermionic Mixtures
Creators: name: Barfknecht, Rafael E.
name: Brouzos, Ioannis
name: Foerster, Angela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study measurable quantities of bosonic and fermionic mixtures on a one-dimensional ring. These few-body ensembles consist of majority atoms obeying certain statistics (Fermi or Bose) and an impurity atom in a different hyperfine state. The repulsive interactions between majority-impurity and majority-majority are varied from weak to strong. We show that the majority-impurity repulsion is mainly responsible for the loss of coherence in the strongly interacting regime. The momentum distribution follows the $\mathcal{C}/p^4$ universal behaviour for the high momentum tail, but the contact $\mathcal{C}$ is strongly dependent on the strength of the majority-impurity and in a different way on the majority-majority interactions. The static structure factor of the majority atoms exposes a low-momentum peak for strong majority-impurity repulsion, which is attributed to an effective attraction not expected for purely repulsive forces.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Mobile phone text messages for improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART): an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised trials
Creators: name: Thabane, Lehana
name: Van Der Kop, Mia L.
name: Pop-Eleches, Cristian
name: Ye, Chenglin
name: Mills, Edward J.
name: Dolovich, Lisa
name: Smieja, Marek
name: Thirumurthy, Harsha
name: Lester, Richard T.
name: Mbuagbaw, Lawrence
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: ObjectivesOur objectives were to analyse the effects of text messaging versus usual care in improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV using individual patient data meta-analysis. Adjusted, sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted.Setting3 randomised controlled trials conducted between 2010 and 2012 in rural and urban centres in Cameroon and Kenya (two studies) were used.ParticipantsA total of 1166 participants were included in this analysis (Cameroon=200; Kenya=428 and 538).Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was adherence to ART >95%. The secondary outcomes were mortality, losses to follow-up, transfers and withdrawals.ResultsText messaging improved adherence to ART (OR 1.38; 95% CIs 1.08 to 1.78; p=0.012), even after adjustment for baseline covariates (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.88; p=0.004). Primary education (compared with no formal education) was associated with a greater intervention effect on adherence (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.10 to2.48; p=0.016) and also showed a significant subgroup effect (p=0.039). In sensitivity analysis, our findings were robust to a modified threshold of adherence, multiple imputation for missing dataand aggregate level data pooling, but not to fixed-effects meta-analyses using generalised estimation equations. There was a significant subgroup effect for long weekly (p=0.037), short weekly text messages (p=0.014) and interactive messaging (p=0.010). Text messaging did not significantly affect any of the secondary outcomes.ConclusionsText messaging has a significant effect on adherence to ART, and this effect is influenced by level of education, gender, timing (weekly vs daily) and interactivity. We recommend the use of interactive weekly text messaging to improve adherence to ART, which is most effective in those with at least a primary level of education.
Shortness of Breath with Daily Activities questionnaire: validation and responder thresholds in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Donohue, James F.
name: Watkins, Michael L.
name: Anzueto, Antonio
name: Brooks, Jean M.
name: Tabberer, Maggie
name: Chen, Wen Hung
name: Crim, Courtney
name: Wilcox, Teresa K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: ObjectivesTo test the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the 13-item Shortness of Breath with Daily Activities (SOBDA) questionnaire, and determine the threshold for response and minimal important difference (MID).Design6 week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Setting40 centres in the USA between 29 October 2009 and 1 July 2010.Primary and secondary outcome measures547 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were enrolled and 418 entered the 2-week run-in period. Data from the run-in period were collected to test internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity and known-groups validity of the SOBDA. Three hundred and sixty six patients were randomised 2:2:1 to fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 250/50 µg, salmeterol 50 µg or placebo, twice daily. Results from the SOBDA questionnaire, Patient Global Assessment of Change Question, modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale (mMRC), Clinician Global Impression of Dysponea Severity (CGI-S), Clinician Global Impression of Change Question and Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire self-administered standardised version (CRQ-SAS) were evaluated; spirometry and safety parameters were measured. Study endpoints were selected to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal validity of the SOBDA questionnaire in relation to the clinical criteria.ResultsInternal consistency of the SOBDA questionnaire (Cronbach α) was 0.89. Test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation) was 0.94. The SOBDA weekly scores correlated with the patient-reported and clinician-reported mMRC, CGI-S and CRQ-SAS dyspnoea domain scores (0.29, 0.24, 0.24 and –0.68, respectively). The SOBDA weekly scores differentiated between the responders and the non-responders as rated by the patients and the clinicians. Anchor-based and supportive distribution-based analyses produced a range of the potential values for the threshold for the responders and MID.ConclusionsThe 13-item SOBDA questionnaire is reliable, valid and responsive to change in patients with COPD. On using anchor-based methods, the proposed responder threshold shows a −0.1 to −0.2 score change. A specific threshold value will be identified as more data are generated from future clinical trials.Trial registrationNCT00984659; GlaxoSmithKline study number: ASQ112989.
Compaction of granular material inside confined geometries
Creators: name: Marks, Benjy
name: Sandnes, Bjørnar
name: Dumazer, Guillaume
name: Eriksen, Jon Alm
name: Måløy, Knut Jørgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In both nature and engineering, loosely packed granular materials are often compacted inside confined geometries. Here, we explore such behaviour in a quasi-two dimensional geometry, where parallel rigid walls provide the confinement. We use the discrete element method to investigate the stress distribution developed within the granular packing as a result of compaction due to the displacement of a rigid piston. We observe that the stress within the packing increases exponentially with the length of accumulated grains, and show an extension to current analytic models which fits the measured stress. The micromechanical behaviour is studied for a range of system parameters, and the limitations of existing analytic models are described. In particular, we show the smallest sized systems which can be treated using existing models. Additionally, the effects of increasing piston rate, and variations of the initial packing fraction, are described.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Practical Bayesian model evaluation using leave-one-out cross-validation and WAIC
Creators: name: Vehtari, Aki
name: Gelman, Andrew
name: Gabry, Jonah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO) and the widely applicable information criterion (WAIC) are methods for estimating pointwise out-of-sample prediction accuracy from a fitted Bayesian model using the log-likelihood evaluated at the posterior simulations of the parameter values. LOO and WAIC have various advantages over simpler estimates of predictive error such as AIC and DIC but are less used in practice because they involve additional computational steps. Here we lay out fast and stable computations for LOO and WAIC that can be performed using existing simulation draws. We introduce an efficient computation of LOO using Pareto-smoothed importance sampling (PSIS), a new procedure for regularizing importance weights. Although WAIC is asymptotically equal to LOO, we demonstrate that PSIS-LOO is more robust in the finite case with weak priors or influential observations. As a byproduct of our calculations, we also obtain approximate standard errors for estimated predictive errors and for comparing of predictive errors between two models. We implement the computations in an R package called 'loo' and demonstrate using models fit with the Bayesian inference package Stan.
title: Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose and D-Glucose Using Formulated Red Mud, Sand, and HZSM-5
Creators: name: Abdellaoui, Hamza
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Lignocellulosic biomass refers to any plant-based organic matter including wood, forest residues, agricultural residues, etc. The catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a process that produces biofuels and high-value chemicals. The catalytic pyrolysis process is the thermal breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of a catalyst that upgrades the pyrolysis vapors as they are produced in the pyrolysis reactor. The catalyst choice depends on the desired liquid product of pyrolysis. The formulated red mud is a catalyst that consists of 60% red mud (waste material), 20% colloidal alumina, and 20% colloidal silica. This catalyst has been proven to produce high quality bio-oil and can be recycled.
The catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass has been gaining increasing attention due to its potential as a source of (1) biocrude oil that can be co-processed with petroleum crude in petroleum refineries, and (2) high-value chemicals such as levoglucosan ($1000/g). In order to control the chemical reactions taking place during the catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, it is important to understand the contribution of its major polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) to the pyrolysis products (char, liquid, and gas). Cellulose accounts for 40-47 % of lignocellulosic biomass, therefore, it is important to study such polymer and understand its effect on the liquid yield and its quality. This dissertation provides data collected from the catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose using formulated red mud, sand, and HZSM-5 catalyst.
A concentration of centimeter-sized grains in the Oph IRS 48 dust trap
Creators: name: van der Marel, Nienke
name: Pinilla, Paola
name: Tobin, John
name: van Kempen, Tim
name: Andrews, Sean
name: Ricci, Luca
name: Birnstiel, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Azimuthally asymmetric dust distributions observed with ALMA in transition disks have been interpreted as dust traps. We present VLA Ka band (34 GHz or 0.9 cm) and ALMA Cycle 2 Band 9 (680 GHz or 0.45 mm) observations at 0.2" resolution of the Oph IRS 48 disk, which suggest that larger particles could be more azimuthally concentrated than smaller dust grains, assuming an axisymmetric temperature field or optically thin 680 GHz emission. Fitting an intensity model to both data demonstrates that the azimuthal extent of the millimeter emission is 2.3 $\pm0.9$ times as wide as the centimeter emission, marginally consistent with the particle trapping mechanism under the above assumptions. The 34 GHz continuum image also reveals evidence for ionized gas emission from the star. Both the morphology and the spectral index variations are consistent with an increase of large particles in the center of the trap, but uncertainties remain due to the continuum optical depth at 680 GHz. Particle trapping has been proposed in planet formation models to allow dust particles to grow beyond millimeter sizes in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks. The new observations in the Oph IRS 48 disk provide support for the dust trapping mechanism for centimeter-sized grains, although additional data is required for definitive confirmation.
description: Language editing and addition reference ALMA data
Social determinants of syphilis in South China: the effect of sibling position on syphilis and sexual risk behaviours
Creators: name: Adimora, Adaora A.
name: Young, Darwin
name: Tucker, Joseph D.
name: Yang, Ligang
name: Yang, Bin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: ObjectiveThis study evaluated the relationship between sibling position and sexual risk based on behavioural and syphilis infection data from sexually transmitted infection (STI) patients in South China.DesignA cross-sectional study examining sexual behaviours and syphilis infection.Setting4 STI clinics in the Pearl River Delta of South China.Participants1792 Chinese men and women attending STI clinics.Primary outcome measuresSTI history, syphilis infection defined as positive non-treponemal and treponemal tests.ResultsAmong all clinic patients, 824 (46.3%) were first-born, 354 (19.9%) were middle-born and 602 (33.8%) were final-born. Middle-born individuals had a higher percentage of reported STI history (44.7% compared to 34.7%, p<0.001) and syphilis infection (9.7% compared to 4.9%, p=0.01) among men (n=1163) compared to other sibling positions in bivariate analyses, but not in the final multivariate model. The relationship between sibling position and syphilis was independent of income and education level. There was no trend observed between middle-born position and female sexual risk behaviours (n=626). Higher education was significantly associated with syphilis among women and men in respective multivariate models.ConclusionsThis study suggests that middle-born men in China may have an increased sexual risk compared to other sibling positions. As Chinese family and social structures change, a more thorough understanding of how demographic factors influence sexual risk behaviours is needed.
Supplementary document for Fast non-iterative algorithm for 3D point-cloud holography - 6523458.pdf
Creators: name: Ersaro, Nathan Tessema
name: Yalcin, Cem
name: Murray, Liz
name: Kabuli, Leyla
name: Waller, Laura
name: Muller, Rikky
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Classical and Physical Optics

description: Supplemental Document
Open-Access-Finanzierung – Das sind Ihre Möglichkeiten für die Publikation von Artikeln
Creators: name: Strauß, Helene
name: Rücknagel, Jesko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: open access

description: Das Flow Chart "Open Access – Das sind Ihre Möglichkeiten für die Publikation von Artikeln" wurde im Rahmen des BMBF-geförderten Projekts open-access.network erstellt. Es liegt als PDF- und PPTX-Datei zur einfachen Nachnutzung vor. Die aktualisierte Version beinhaltet das neue Projektlogo, außerdem steht eine englische Version zur Verfügung.
A mutation-selection model for evolution of random dispersal
Creators: name: Lam, King-Yeung
name: Lou, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a mutation-selection model of a population structured by the spatial variables and a trait variable which is the diffusion rate. Competition for resource is local in spatial variables, but nonlocal in the trait variable. We focus on the asymptotic profile of positive steady state solutions. Our result shows that in the limit of small mutation rate, the solution remains regular in the spatial variables and yet concentrates in the trait variable and forms a Dirac mass supported at the lowest diffusion rate. [Hastings, Theor. Pop. Biol. 24, 244-251, 1983] and [Dockery et al., J. Math. Biol. 37, 61-83, 1998] showed that for two competing species in spatially heterogeneous but temporally constant environment, the slower diffuser always prevails, if all other things are held equal. Our result suggests that their findings may hold for arbitrarily many traits.
A Video Database of Human Faces under Near Infra-Red Illumination for Human Computer Interaction Aplications
Creators: name: Happy, S L
name: Dasgupta, Anirban
name: George, Anjith
name: Routray, Aurobinda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human Computer Interaction (HCI) is an evolving area of research for coherent communication between computers and human beings. Some of the important applications of HCI as reported in literature are face detection, face pose estimation, face tracking and eye gaze estimation. Development of algorithms for these applications is an active field of research. However, availability of standard database to validate such algorithms is insufficient. This paper discusses the creation of such a database created under Near Infra-Red (NIR) illumination. NIR illumination has gained its popularity for night mode applications since prolonged exposure to Infra-Red (IR) lighting may lead to many health issues. The database contains NIR videos of 60 subjects in different head orientations and with different facial expressions, facial occlusions and illumination variation. This new database can be a very valuable resource for development and evaluation of algorithms on face detection, eye detection, head tracking, eye gaze tracking etc. in NIR lighting.