cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Devaluation-bias and the Bretton Woods system
Creators: name: KATZ, S.I.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Bretton Woods, exchange rate system, devaluation-bias, adjustable peg, par-value
subject: E42, F33

description: The exchange-rate system established at Bretton Woods was intended to combine a fixity of the par-value of each member’s currency in the short run with a flexibility of the parity in the longer-run. Because of this emphasis on the fixity of the spot rates and of the parity in the short run, the Fund’s par-value system can be regarded as a variant of fixed exchange rates. The presumption that there is a devaluation-bias in present international monetary arrangements rests primarily on the hypothesis that under any variant of a fixed exchange rate the deficit country is more likely to be forced unwillingly to devalue than the surplus country is to be forced unwillingly to appreciate. The present paper considers the validity of the presumption that a devaluation-bias does exist under the Fund’s system of the adjustable peg. The author reviews the actual experience among Fund members in making changes in the par-value and then considers the analytical and statistical evidence which might throw light on this experience. JEL: E42, F33
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 25, N. 101 (1972)
SDRs, interest, and the aid link
Creators: name: WILLIAMSON, J.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: SDR, special drawing rights, Dollar crisis, international monetary system, aid link, reform
subject: E42, F33, F35

description: One probable consequence of the Dollar crisis is the initiation of an attempt to effect a major reform of the international monetary system. The agenda for any future discussions on reform is bound to be long and varied. The present article, rather than providing a comprehensive survey of all the issues, focuses on the relationship between two of the proposed reforms that appears to have escaped attention up to now. The author considers the proposal to make the SDR the basic reserve asset in the system and the proposal for an “aid link”. It is argued that for the monetary success of SDRs it is important that they pay competitive interest rates, thus reducing the value of seignorage that could be distributed to less-developed countries through an aid link. However, there is no reason why the remaining seignorage should not be distributed on aid-link principals. JEL: E42, F33, F35
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 25, N. 101 (1972)
The ontogenetic ecology of the signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus, in a small temperate stream
Creators: name: Bondar, Carin Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Organisms that undergo ontogenetic niche shifts, changes in behavior or resource use with respect to developmental stage, can have disparate ecological roles through development. This thesis examines the ontogenetic ecology of the signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) using field and laboratory based experimentation as well as a detailed population study. I initially researched the roles of ontogenetic stage and density of crayfish, and how this can affect the intensity of their roles within a community. An enclosure experiment was conducted in a small stream (Spring Creek) in Malcolm Knapp Research Forest. Both juvenile and adult crayfish were found to have major effects on the surrounding community; however, these effects were independent of ontogenetic stage. Gut and stable isotope analyses were employed to determine the primary food sources of the crayfish from this study in an attempt to establish the mechanism behind their effects on the stream community. Aspects of the diet were further investigated in the laboratory by examining growth-rate of both juveniles and adults that were provided with leaves, wood or invertebrates. From the latter results, another experimental study was designed in order to examine the effects of predators (adult crayfish or adult cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki (Richardson)) on the feeding behavior of juvenile crayfish, as their natural diets contained a large proportion of energetically poor food sources. Based on the fact that both predators were found to have negative effects on feeding behavior juvenile crayfish, a field experiment was undertaken to explore the ontogenetic relationships between signal crayfish and cutthroat trout. I found a reciprocal negative effect of adults of one species on juveniles of the other, as well as a negative effect of juvenile crayfish on juvenile fish. In order to contextualize the work accomplished in the first part of this thesis, I undertook a population mark-recapture study which provided information on crayfish density in Spring Creek, as well as ontogenetic aspects of survival, movement and microhabitat choice. Overall, the work presented in this thesis represents a substantial contribution to our knowledge of the ontogenetic ecology of the signal crayfish.
Explaining economic growth
Creators: name: MADDISON, A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: European post-war economic growth, Edward Denison, capital formation, trade liberalisation
subject: O47, O52, N14

description: The article analyses the methodological issues which arise in explaining European economic growth in the 1950s. The main concern is with Edward Denison’s Why Growth Rates Differ - which is the outstanding empirical contribution to growth literature. While his growth analysis is a major extension of the national accounting framework, it is argued that that he seriously underestimates the role of capital formation and trade liberalisation in the acceleration of Europe’s postwar growth. The author presents alternative estimates within the framework of Denison’s model which provide a better explanation of the growth experience of the 1950s. Denison’s implicit model and its historical origins are first described before his treatment of output, capital gains, labour inputs and other components of growth are analysed. JEL: O47, O52, N14
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 25, N. 102 (1972)
Proposals for reform of the financial structure and regulation in the United States
Creators: name: ALHADEFF, D.A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Financial system, structure, regulation, competition, institutions, technological change, United States
subject: G10, G18, G20, G28

description: On December 22, 1971, the Commission on Financial Structure and Regulation in the U.S. submitted its report on the structure, operation and regulation of the private financial system. The Commission’s recommendations are intended to make financial markets more competitive and to improve the ability of financial institutions to adapt to economic and technological change. While the present regulatory regime has had a long history and its consequences are reasonably familiar, the proposals for more competition would move the financial system in onto less familiar terrain. The present analysis explores the nature of the Commission’s proposals and considers some of the consequences and implications of this emphasis on more competition in financial markets. JEL: G10, G18, G20, G28
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 25, N. 102 (1972)
Some observations on the Japanese-American economic relations
Creators: name: HABERLER, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Japan, United States, economic relations, monetary arrangements, Dollar, Yen, reserves, convertibility, trade
subject: F33, F40, F50

description: This article deals with economic relations between Japan and the United States. While there are no clashes of vital interest of a political nature, and thus differences and misunderstandings can be resolved with relative ease, in the economic area Japanese-American relations are more complicated. There have been serious divergences of opinion in the field of international monetary arrangements and commercial policy, and there are conflicts of interest among special groups. While the author argues that there are no major economic clashes of interest between the two countries, massive or rapid changes could cause serious troubles of adjustment and economic harm. The specific issues considered are the international monetary arrangements between the Yen and the Dollar, possible adverse effects of a decumulation of reserves, methods to stop reserve accumulation, convertibility of the dollar and trade problems. JEL: F33, F40, F50
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 25, N. 102 (1972)
Numerical estimates of square lattice star vertex exponents
Creators: name: Campbell, S
name: van Rensburg, EJ Janse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B41, 82B23, 65C05

description: We implement parallel versions of the GARM and Wang-Landau algorithms for stars and for acyclic uniform branched networks in the square lattice. These are models of monodispersed branched polymers, and we estimate the star vertex exponents $σ_f$ for $f$-stars, and the entropic exponent $γ_\mathcal{G}$ for networks with comb and brush connectivity in two dimensions. Our results verify the predicted (but not rigorously proven) exact values of the vertex exponents and we test the scaling relation [5] $$ γ_{\mathcal{G}}-1 = \sum_{f\geq 1} m_f \, σ_f $$ for the branched networks in two dimensions.
Medium- and long-term credit in Italy
Creators: name: PONTOLILLO, V.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Italy, long-term credit, medium-term credit, special credit system, institutions
subject: E51, G21, H61, H24

description: A feature of the Italian credit system today is the separation of short-term from medium- and long-term operations, an arrangement dating from the thirties, following the Great Depression that had led to the crisis of the “mixed banks” then in existence. As a general rule it is the banks which handle the raising and investment of short-term savings, while the work of channelling medium- and long-term funds is entrusted to the so-called special credit institutions. The present article looks at this special credit system in Italy which is made up of three types of credit institutes: industrial and public works, mortgage and building, and agricultural. After outlining some general features of the special credit system, the author considers the technical forms of government intervention and their evolution, the borrowing sectors and the cost of medium- and long-term credit, the burden on the Italian budget of interest-rate subsidies and finally subsidised credits. JEL: E51, G21, H61, H24
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 25, N. 102 (1972)
Variance Reduction for Sequential Sampling in Stochastic Programming
Creators: name: Park, Jangho
name: Stockbridge, Rebecca
name: Bayraksan, Güzin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 90C15 (Primary) 62L10 (Secondary)

description: This paper investigates the variance reduction techniques Antithetic Variates (AV) and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) when used for sequential sampling in stochastic programming and presents a comparative computational study. It shows conditions under which the sequential sampling with AV and LHS satisfy finite stopping guarantees and are asymptotically valid, discussing LHS in detail. It computationally compares their use in both the sequential and non-sequential settings through a collection of two-stage stochastic linear programs with different characteristics. The numerical results show that while both AV and LHS can be preferable to random sampling in either setting, LHS typically dominates in the non-sequential setting while performing well sequentially and AV gains some advantages in the sequential setting. These results imply that, given the ease of implementation of these variance reduction techniques, armed with the same theoretical properties and improved empirical performance relative to random sampling, AV and LHS sequential procedures present attractive alternatives in practice for a class of stochastic programs.
The formation of an economist
Creators: name: HICKS, J.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: John Hicks, recollections, biography
subject: B31

description: This is the first in a series of recollections by distinguished economists commissioned by the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review. In it John Hicks reflects on his life, career and intellectual development. JEL: B31
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 130 (1979)
Structural and transitory determinants of labour mobility: “Holt’s conjecture” and Italian experience
Creators: name: MODIGLIANI, F.
name: TARANTELLI, E.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Holt’s conjecture, labour market, Italy, Phillips curve, labour mobility
subject: J01, J60

description: The work looks at Holt’s theoretical model of the labour market based on turnover rates and the case of Italy. The authors argue that Holt’s assumption that the flows of hirings and separations are random variables which remain constant as aggregate demand varies cannot be justified theoretically or empirically. “Holt’s conjecture” and the implications of its theoretical construction for the labour market and the Phillips curve are first examined. The authors then present a basic model and describe its implications for the structural and transitory determinants of labour mobility. An empirical test is then made with reference to the flows of hirings and separations in Italy are the results are presented. Finally, the authors then discuss the implications of their model. JEL: J01, J60
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 130 (1979)
title: Organised teachers and the labour movement 1900-1930
Creators: name: Lawn, Martin Andrew
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1982

description: This case study of organised teachers falls into three main parts. In the first section there is a discussion of the working conditions and problems of teaching which is followed by detailed histories of strikes in West Ham, Herefordshire and the Rhondda. These took place in the period between 1900 and 1919 and illustrate the build-up of tension between teachers and their employers culminating in the salaries campaign of 1916 to 1919. Strikes and disputes reveal in speeches,letters or articles the tensions which the teachers faced working in the education system and possible ways of resolving them.

The second part of the study is concerned with ideas which influenced teachers in trying to solve the contradictions of work and solutions generated by the Board of Education in devising a reconstructed system of State education. Teachers adopted or redefined various socialist strands of thought common in the first two decades of the century, in particular Fabianism, guild socialism and syndicalism and were influenced by practical examples of socialist reconstruction proposed by the Independent Labour Party or Trade Councils. Strongly expressed definitions of duty and the responsibility of teachers to the State promoted, among others, by H.A.L. Fisher were also attempting to influence teachers.

In the last section, newly formulated teacher demands for self government were opposed by a strong counter-attack from the Treasury and from the Board of Education on the teachers, which in turn, encouraged many local education authorities to break a national pay agreement and return to pre-war working conditions. Bitter strikes were fought with the help of a weakened Labour movement and a divided teaching force.

The case study is an argument for generating new theoretical categories to understand or examine teachers and opposes the theoretical straitjacket commonly applied to teachers, drawn from social mobility theory or neo-Marxism.
Crowding out: the real issues
Creators: name: WILSON, T.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Financial crowding-out, investment, interest rate, full employment
subject: E22, E24, E43, E62

description: The present work reviews the debate on financial crowding-out in an economy with slack resources. Although this has been described as the academic approach to crowding-out, it has proved to be useful in helping to break the deeply engrained neo-Keynesian habit of assuming that the supply of funds is always fully accommodating. The removal of this special assumption amounts in effect to an acceptance of the earlier and wrongly ousted view that saving and investment can directly affect the rate of interest, especially in the short run. The author then considers the practical task of bringing financial crowding-out into an appropriate relationship with crowding-out in real terms and the changing meaning of the term “full employment”. JEL: E22, E24, E43, E62
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 130 (1979)
Modelling the He I triplet absorption at 10830 Angstroms in the atmosphere of HD 209458 b
Creators: name: Lampón, M.
name: López-Puertas, M.
name: Lara, L. M.
name: Sánchez-López, A.
name: Salz, M.
name: Czesla, S.
name: Sanz-Forcada, J.
name: Molaverdikhani, K.
name: Alonso-Floriano, F. J.
name: Nortmann, L.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Bauer, F. F.
name: Pallé, E.
name: Montes, D.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
name: Nagel, E.
name: Ribas, I.
name: Reiners, A.
name: Amado, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HD 209458b is an exoplanet with an upper atmosphere undergoing blow-off escape that has mainly been studied using measurements of the Ly-alpha absorption. Recently, high-resolution measurements of absorption in the He I triplet line at 10830 angstroms of several exoplanets (including HD 209458b) have been reported, creating a new opportunity to probe escaping atmospheres. We aim to better understand the atmospheric regions of HD 209458b from where the escape originates. We developed a 1D hydrodynamic model with spherical symmetry for the HD 209458 b thermosphere coupled with a non-local thermodynamic model for the population of the He triplet state. In addition, we performed high-resolution radiative transfer calculations of synthetic spectra for the He triplet lines and compared them with the measured absorption spectrum in order to retrieve information about the atmospheric parameters. We find that the measured spectrum constrains the [H]/[H$^{+}$] transition altitude occurring in the range of 1.2 to 1.9Rp. H is almost fully ionised at altitudes above 2.9Rp. We also find that the X-ray and EUV absorption takes place at effective radii from 1.16 to 1.30Rp, and that the He triplet peak density occurs at altitudes from 1.04 to 1.60Rp. Additionally, the averaged mmw is confined to the 0.61-0.73 g/mole interval, and the thermospheric H/He ratio should be larger than 90/10, and most likely approximately 98/2. We also provide a one-to-one relationship between mass-loss rate and temperature. Based on the energy-limited escape approach and assuming heating efficiencies of 0.1-0.2, we find a mass-loss rate in the range of (0.42-1.00)$\times 10^{11}$ g/s and a corresponding temperature range of 7125 to 8125K. The analysis of the measured He triplet absorption spectrum significantly constrains the thermospheric structure of HD 209458b and advances our knowledge of its escaping atmosphere.
description: Accepted to A&A. 15 Pages, 15 figures and 3 tables
The changing international division of labor in manufactured goods
Creators: name: BALASSA, B.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Division of labour, manufactured goods, trade, employment, policy
subject: F16, O14, E24

description: The paper examines the changing pattern of the international division of labour in manufactured goods between developed and developing countries. Recent and prospective changes in trade flows between the two groups of countries are considered, and the employment implications of these flows for the developed countries are analysed. The policy implications of the findings are then discussed. JEL: F16, O14, E24
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 130 (1979)
Lathrobium inexcisum ASSING 2012
Creators: name: Assing, V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Lathrobium
Lathrobium inexcisum

description: Lathrobium inexcisum ASSING 2012
Material examined: Nepal: 2 exs., Mechi /Taplejung, 32 km NE Taplejung, Anda Pheci-Tortung, 27°32'N, 87°55'E, 3190 m, rhododendron forest, 18.V.2003, leg. Weigel (NME, cAss).
 Comment: The known distribution of L. inexcisum is confined to several localities in Taplejung district (ASSING 2012b).
description: Published as part of Assing, V., 2013, Six new species and additional records of Lathrobium from the Palaearctic region, pp. 247-266 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 45 (1) on page 253, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507360
Instability of agricultural exports: world markets, developing and developed countries
Creators: name: LANCIERI, E.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agriculture, export instability, developing countries
subject: O13, Q17, F49

description: The present study extends the analysis of export instability in developing countries to a detailed consideration of the instability of agricultural exports, which represent a large part of total exports from developing countries and seem to be particularly prone to fluctuations of various kinds. In order to obtain a full picture of agricultural export instability, the analysis is conducted at four different levels of aggregation with a common time period. Comparisons of the instability of agricultural exports with that of total merchandise exports are made in order to ascertain whether agricultural exports are more unstable. The relationship between the instability of world markets and that of individual country exports are then examined. Tests are also made of the possible effects of agricultural export instability on the developing countries’ economies, and the results are compared with those of similar tests conducted for total exports. JEL: O13, Q17, F49
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 130 (1979)
Elevation and the avian phenotype : field and experimental studies of breeding dark-eyed juncos
Creators: name: Bears, Heather
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Forty percent of the terrestrial planet is mountainous, yet little is known about how breeding elevation affects avian phenotypes. I studied dark-eyed juncos breeding at the extremes of their elevation range in Jasper. AB ('Low'; 1000 m and 'High'; 2000 m a.s.l.) from 2000-2005. I compared reproductive and morphological traits in free-living birds between elevations to establish patterns of change with breeding elevation. I subsequently investigated mechanisms underlying those patterns by collecting hatchlings and adults of both sexes from each elevation and raising them in a common lab environment. The common lab experiment allowed me to determine the amount of variation due to phenotypic plasticity in response to local conditions. Measurements in the field included indicators of reproductive stage, seasonal reproduction, philopatry/survival, age ratios, morphometrics, and local weather. Measurements in the lab included indicators of reproductive development over time (after birds were stimulated to breed with an increasing photoperiod), and morphometrics (after birds replaced feathers in captivity). I addressed the following questions: (1) How do life-histories vary with breeding elevation?, (2) What environmental factors correlate with reproductive timing between elevations?, (3) Are reproductive differences between elevations due to local genetic adaptation or phenotypic plasticity?, and (4) Does morphology vary with elevation, and are differences due to local genetic adaptation or phenotypic plasticity? High-elevation birds in the field became reproductively capable >6 weeks later than low-elevation birds and produced half the number of broods and offspring per season. High-elevation habitats were not occupied by younger, smaller (i.e. , less competitive) birds, and mark-recapture analysis suggested that high-elevation birds live longer. High-elevation males and females had longer tails and wings, respectively, than low-elevation birds. Both populations initiated more nests as rain and insect abundance increased. However, high-elevation birds initiated nests synchronously when the snow melted, while low-elevation birds initiated nests as growing degree days increased. In captive birds, the timing of breeding readiness was reversed in the lab relative to the field in both sexes and ages: i.e., high-elevation birds were able to breed earlier than low-elevation birds. Birds from both elevations increased morphological trait sizes in the lab relative to the field, suggesting they were released from growth constraints. However, after birds grew in the lab, relative differences between elevation groups remained (in the same direction as in the field), or were exacerbated. The reproductive and morphological responses observed in the lab relative to the field suggest that environmental constraints and countergradient forces can interact in complex, unexpected ways to shape avian phenotypes among elevations.
International competition in bank regulation
Creators: name: GIDDY, I.
name: ALLEN, D.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: International banking system, regulation, stability, competition
subject: G21, G28

description: The work identifies current and future changes in the international banking system, and considers the effect of these changes on regulation and on banking stability. In order to provide the proper context for the discussion, the authors begin with a review of certain salient events and changes of the 1970s, analysing the processes that have been set in motion and lessons to be learned. Several hypotheses about the future of international banking with regards to general trends and new directions are then offered. Four possible events of the 1980s and their ramifications for the banking system are then considered. Finally, the authors propose four actions for bank regulators in order to prepare for the coming landscape in which technology and banking sophistication will allow many new entrants into the field of wholesale banking. JEL: G21, G28
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 130 (1979)
From Uneventful Horizon to Firewall in D-Dimensional Effective Theory
Creators: name: Ho, Pei-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming the standard effective-field-theoretic formulation of Hawking radiation, we show explicitly how a generic effective theory predicts a firewall from an initially uneventful horizon for a spherically symmetric, uncharged black hole in $D$ dimensions for $D \geq 4$. The firewall is created via higher-derivative interactions within the scrambling time after the collapsing matter enters the trapping horizon. This result manifests the trans-Planckian problem of Hawking radiation and demonstrates the incompatibility between Hawking radiation and the uneventful horizon.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
Recollections of professional experiences
Creators: name: TINBERGEN, J.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Jan Tinbergen, recollections, biography
subject: B31

description: This is the second in a series of recollections by distinguished economists commissioned by the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review. In it Jan Tinbergen reflects on his engagement in scientific work in the field of economics. JEL: B31
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 131 (1979)
Reflections on the state of international monetary policy
Creators: name: BRUNNER, K.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: International monetary policy, monetary arrangements, EMS, monetary system, Bretton Woods
subject: E52, E42, F33

description: The present article analyzes the current state of international monetary policy and arrangements. The author first examines the nature of monetary arrangements guided by political institutions that are tempted to exploit the monetary system through the monopoly right to issue base money. The development of international institutions for controlling the monopoly right, the system of fixed exchange rates and the gold standard, and the eventual collapse of the Bretton Woods system are then reviewed. The recent development of the European Monetary System, its central issues and its prospects are then assessed. The author concludes that if the bureaucratic approach encouraged by the political process continues to disregard the one and only condition assuring a viable fix-rate system, that is sever constraints national monetary policies, the most likely outcome of the EMS will be a new series of speculative waves and an erratic monetary growth in the stronger currency areas with intermittent pressures on the stronger currency areas to accommodate the comparatively weaker area. JEL: E52, E42, F33
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 131 (1979)
The fearsome dilemma: simultaneous inflation and unemployment
Creators: name: MCLEOD, A.N.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Inflation, unemployment, real output, real income, employment
subject: E32, E24

description: The work looks at some of the non-monetary (or not specifically monetary) aspects of the problem of simultaneous inflation and unemployment. The author emphasises the domestic considerations and the links between domestic economics and international economics in a general-equilibrium context. Much of the analysis is inevitably couched in terms of money values, but the focus is actually on real output, real income, employment, resource allocation, and other non-monetary objectives. JEL: E32, E24
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 131 (1979)
Lathrobium diremptum ASSING 2012
Creators: name: Assing, V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Lathrobium
Lathrobium diremptum

description: Lathrobium diremptum ASSING 2012
Material examined: Nepal: 2 exs., Mechi /Taplejung, 32 km NE Taplejung, Anda Pheci-Tortung, 27°32'N, 87°55'E, 3190 m, rhododendron forest, 18.V.2003, leg. Weigel (NME, cAss).
Comment: This recently described species was previously known only from two localities in Taplejung district (ASSING 2012b).
description: Published as part of Assing, V., 2013, Six new species and additional records of Lathrobium from the Palaearctic region, pp. 247-266 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 45 (1) on pages 253-254, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507360
Additional file 1 of Fertility preservation in Hong Kong Chinese society: awareness, knowledge and acceptance
Creators: name: Suet Ying YEUNG
name: Ng, Elaine Yee Lee
name: LAO, Terence Tzu Hsi
name: Li, Tin Chiu
name: CHUNG, Jacqueline Pui Wah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Fertility Preservation Questionnaire.
Lévy flights of photons with infinite mean free path
Creators: name: Araújo, Michelle O.
name: de Silans, Thierry Passerat
name: Kaiser, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiple scattering of light by resonant vapor is characterized by Lévy-type superdiffusion with a single-step size distribution $p(x)\propto 1/x^{1+α}$. We investigate Lévy flight of light in a hot rubidium vapor collisional-broadened by 50 torr of He gas. The frequent collisions produce Lorentzian absorptive and emissive profiles with $α<1$ and a corresponding divergent mean step size. We extract the Lévy parameter $α\approx0.5$ in a multiple scattering regime from radial profile of the transmission and from violation of the Ohm's law. The measured radial transmission profile and the total diffusive transmission curves are well reproduced by numerical simulations for Lorentzian line shapes.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
The SDR: ten years of experience
Creators: name: SACCHETTI, U.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Special Drawing Rights, SDR, international payments system
subject: E42

description: Within the uncharted course which has been followed by the international payments system in recent years, the new exchange rate arrangements administered by the International Monetary Fund under the Second Amendment appear to have had a limited effectiveness. Positive action has been taken, however, with respect to the Special Drawing Rights (SDR), and further action is being contemplated. Ten years have now elapsed since the decisions to activate the SDR. The present work takes a distant fresh look at this reserve asset and at its prospects, and presents suggestions for going forward. JEL: E42
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 131 (1979)
On Explaining the Surprising Success of Reservoir Computing Forecaster of Chaos? The Universal Machine Learning Dynamical System with Contrasts to VAR and DMD
Creators: name: Bollt, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37M10, 62M10, 37D45, 37

description: Machine learning has become a widely popular and successful paradigm, including in data-driven science and engineering. A major application problem is data-driven forecasting of future states from a complex dynamical. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have evolved as a clear leader amongst many machine learning approaches, and recurrent neural networks (RNN) are considered to be especially well suited for forecasting dynamical systems. In this setting, the echo state networks (ESN) or reservoir computer (RC) have emerged for their simplicity and computational complexity advantages. Instead of a fully trained network, an RC trains only read-out weights by a simple, efficient least squares method. What is perhaps quite surprising is that nonetheless an RC succeeds to make high quality forecasts, competitively with more intensively trained methods, even if not the leader. There remains an unanswered question as to why and how an RC works at all, despite randomly selected weights. We explicitly connect the RC with linear activation and linear read-out to well developed time-series literature on vector autoregressive averages (VAR) that includes theorems on representability through the WOLD theorem, which already perform reasonably for short term forecasts. In the case of a linear activation and now popular quadratic read-out RC, we explicitly connect to a nonlinear VAR (NVAR), which performs quite well. Further, we associate this paradigm to the now widely popular dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), and thus these three are in a sense different faces of the same thing. We illustrate our observations in terms of popular benchmark examples including Mackey-Glass differential delay equations and the Lorenz63 system.
description: 34 pages, 9 figures
title: Are cognitive and social factors sufficient to explain the acceptance of decision aiding processes within organisations?
Creators: name: Cook, R. C.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2001

description: This research extends the limited existing research into the acceptance of decision aids by considering this in an organisational, rather than personal, context. This led to the thesis having a theory-building bias as it was not clear at the outset what a decision aid in an organisation consists of, what the main influences on acceptance would be, nor how to conduct such an enquiry. The potential influences were identified as the extent of agreement within the organisation with the way in which the decision aid represented the basic problem, and this was argued to form the cognitive and social/actors. The expectation was to find an association between the level of intra-organisational agreement and either acceptance or rejection of the decision aid if they are the sole cause. Other potential influences include the type of problem (especially whether maintenance of the status-quo is an option), the approach to decision aiding in use, and other external factors. Decision aiding in organisations was linked with approaches to organisational planning, whether or not this included significant use of IT. Such approaches involve constructing a problem representation and testing the implications of potential solutions. From this perspective, it was possible to see some of the influences on the acceptance of a decision aid as those which will affect any decision whether aided or not. The empirical work was designed to disentangle these effects by concentrating on the degree of intra-organisational agreement and using case-studies to capture any other factors which applied. The findings were that intra-organisational agreement, continuation of the status-quo and external constraints all influenced acceptance. However, there was no simple relationship between the cognitive and social factors and acceptance.
Hard Shape-Constrained Kernel Machines
Creators: name: Aubin-Frankowski, Pierre-Cyril
name: Szabo, Zoltan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.6; I.2.6
subject: 46E22, 62G08, 90C25

description: Shape constraints (such as non-negativity, monotonicity, convexity) play a central role in a large number of applications, as they usually improve performance for small sample size and help interpretability. However enforcing these shape requirements in a hard fashion is an extremely challenging problem. Classically, this task is tackled (i) in a soft way (without out-of-sample guarantees), (ii) by specialized transformation of the variables on a case-by-case basis, or (iii) by using highly restricted function classes, such as polynomials or polynomial splines. In this paper, we prove that hard affine shape constraints on function derivatives can be encoded in kernel machines which represent one of the most flexible and powerful tools in machine learning and statistics. Particularly, we present a tightened second-order cone constrained reformulation, that can be readily implemented in convex solvers. We prove performance guarantees on the solution, and demonstrate the efficiency of the approach in joint quantile regression with applications to economics and to the analysis of aircraft trajectories, among others.
description: camera-ready paper
The monetary base adjusted for required reserve ratio changes
Creators: name: DEWALD, W.G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Monetary base, quantity of money, Italy, bank deposits, reserve ratios
subject: E51, E58

description: The work is concerned with the relationship between the monetary base and the quantity of money in Italy. The objective is not to develop a detailed description of the monetary base for Italy, but rather to explain in simple terms how the monetary base is related to bank deposits and money, and how changes in required reserve ratios have an impact on deposit determination in an equivalent way to changes in the monetary base that result from purchases of securities or foreign exchange by the monetary authorities. Building on this exposition, the paper shows that the method that the Bank of Italy uses to adjust the monetary base for required reserve ratio changes is incorrect. JEL: E51, E58
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 131 (1979)
Additional file 1 of Genetic differentiation and intrinsic genomic features explain variation in recombination hotspots among cocoa tree populations
Creators: name: Schwarzkopf, Enrique J.
name: Motamayor, Juan C.
name: Cornejo, Omar E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The median of the upper and lower bounds of the 95% Credibility Interval for the trace of estimates of r (in cM/Mb) from all positions in the genome are presented for each population (i.e. Position L95 and Position U95). The upper and lower bounds of the 95% probability interval for the median estimate of r for each population is also presented (i.e. Genome L95 and Genome U95). The quotients of the upper and lower bounds for each of the two intervals point to a much larger genome-wide variation in r than per-position variation in the trace for the estimate of r. Table S2. Mean and median genome-wide recombination rates (r) in cM/Mb for all ten T. cacao populations obtained using LDhat with θ = 0.001. Table S3. Name of T. cacao gene coding for FIGL-1 and FLIP and amino acid mutations for FIGL-1 and FLIP orthologs. Table S4. Average hotspot size (in kb) and count for hotspots detected in each population and average for all populations. The quotient of the average recombination rate within hotspots and the average genome-wide recombination rate is reported for each population. Table S5. Sample size and post-filtering SNP count for all ten populations of Theobroma cacao for which recombination maps were generated. The proportion of the genome that is callable is also reported. We also include the geographic location of the population and whether it is a domesticated variety. Table S6. Pairwise FST values for the ten populations of Theobroma cacao. Values from Cornejo et al. (2018) [35]. Figure S1. Drift tree constructed using treemix [80] for the 10 T. cacao populations. Distances between populations are based on the drift parameter. Modified from Cornejo et al. (2018) [35]. Figure S2. Distribution of log10 recombination rates (log10(r)) along the genomes of the ten T. cacao populations. The sample size (N) is reported for each population. Figure S3. The left panel shows the frequency of individuals that are homozygous for the alternative allele of amino acid mutations in a T. cacao FLIP ortholog. Alternative allele is defined in terms of the Amelonado reference genome. The right panel shows the loge transformed recombination rates (r). The populations are in the same order in both panels. Figure S4. Example of the window layout for a 10,750 SNP chromosome. The 2000 SNP long windows are represented by alternating horizontal and vertical lines and the overlaps between them are represented by square crosshatches. Braces above the chromosome indicate the regions from which recombination rates are extracted to generate the chromosome-wide recombination rates.
What have we learned from linked econometric models? A comparison of fiscal-policy simulations
Creators: name: DEARDORFF, A.V
name: STERN, R.M.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fiscal policy, international transmission effects, econometric model
subject: E62, F42, E27

description: As part of a previous study, the authors examined a number of simulations based on various econometric models that link two or more sub-models of individual countries. However, the models did not reach consensus in their attempts to quantify economic interdependence and therefore no firm conclusions could be drawn. In the present work, the authors take a further look at some of these simulation results, with the objective of evaluating the contribution that they have made to understanding the international economy. Specifically, the linked simulation results are compared with a set of very simple calculations made of the international transmission effects of fiscal policy. JEL: E62, F42, E27
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 32, N. 131 (1979)
On the Convergence of the Dynamic Inner PCA Algorithm
Creators: name: Shin, Sungho
name: Smith, Alex D.
name: Qin, S. Joe
name: Zavala, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dynamic inner principal component analysis (DiPCA) is a powerful method for the analysis of time-dependent multivariate data. DiPCA extracts dynamic latent variables that capture the most dominant temporal trends by solving a large-scale, dense, and nonconvex nonlinear program (NLP). A scalable decomposition algorithm has been recently proposed in the literature to solve these challenging NLPs. The decomposition algorithm performs well in practice but its convergence properties are not well understood. In this work, we show that this algorithm is a specialized variant of a coordinate maximization algorithm. This observation allows us to explain why the decomposition algorithm might work (or not) in practice and can guide improvements. We compare the performance of the decomposition strategies with that of the off-the-shelf solver Ipopt. The results show that decomposition is more scalable and, surprisingly, delivers higher quality solutions.
Income distribution in a monetary economy
Creators: name: Kadri Ekinci, Nazim
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Economics, Macroeconomics, Post-Keynesian Economics
subject: D33, D46, E11, E12, E25

description: In a monetary economy capital is a fund. This idea is captured by the circuit of capital. We define a circuit for fixed capital and argue that it is closed when the fund that initiates it is recovered in a present value sense. The circuit of newly invested fixed capital must be equivalent to the comparable direct circuit of money. This is the condition for monetary equilibrium in the sense of Keynes. From this equivalence it is possible to determine what the imputation for fixed capital must be, implying a definitive income distribution. The solution implies that capital assets that last longerthan the period of the circuit earn pure rent. JEL codes: D33, D46, E11, E12, E25
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 66, N. 267 (2013)
An agent-based model of multi-dimensional opinion dynamics and opinion alignment
Creators: name: Schweighofer, Simon
name: Garcia, David
name: Schweitzer, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is known that individual opinions on different policy issues often align to a dominant ideological dimension (e.g. "left" vs. "right") and become increasingly polarized. We provide an agent-based model that reproduces these two stylized facts as emergent properties of an opinion dynamics in a multi-dimensional space of continuous opinions. The mechanisms for the change of agents' opinions in this multi-dimensional space are derived from cognitive dissonance theory and structural balance theory. We test assumptions from proximity voting and from directional voting regarding their ability to reproduce the expected emerging properties. We further study how the emotional involvement of agents, i.e. their individual resistance to change opinions, impacts the dynamics. We identify two regimes for the global and the individual alignment of opinions. If the affective involvement is high and shows a large variance across agents, this fosters the emergence of a dominant ideological dimension. Agents align their opinions along this dimension in opposite directions, i.e. create a state of polarization.
description: 34 pp