cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First measurement of the submillimetre Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
Creators: name: Lamarre, J. -M.
name: Giard, M.
name: Pointecouteau, E.
name: Bernard, J. -P.
name: Serra, G.
name: Pajot, F.
name: Desert, F. -X.
name: Ristorcelli, I.
name: Torre, J. -P.
name: Church, S.
name: Coron, N.
name: Puget, J. -L.
name: Bock, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first detection of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich increment on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at submillimetre wavelengths in the direction of a cluster of galaxies.It was achieved towards the rich cluster Abell 2163, using the PRONAOS 2-metre stratospheric telescope. Together with data from the SuZIE, Diabolo, and ISO-PHT experiments, these measurements, for the first time, give a complete picture of the far-infrared to millimetre spectral energy distribution of the diffuse emission toward a cluster of galaxies. It clearly shows the positive and negative parts of the S.Z. effect and also a positive signal at short wavelengths that can be attributed to foreground dust in our galaxy.
description: 17 pages LaTeX, includes 3 ps figures, Accepted in ApJ Letters
The Double Cluster G185 in M31
Creators: name: Holland, Stephen
name: Fahlman, Gregory G.
name: Richer, Harvey B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have identified a small globular cluster in M31 located approximately 4 arcseconds northwest of the M31 globular cluster G185. While several multiple globular clusters have been observed in the Magellanic Clouds none have been found in the Galaxy or in M31. We estimate the probability of such a chance line-of-sight alignment occuring near the nucleus of M31 to be 0.09 +/- 0.03 and find no obvious indication of any tidal deformation in either cluster, as would be expected if the clusters were interacting. Two-dimensional modelling suggests G185 has a King (1966) [AJ, 71, 64] concentration of c = 1.11 +/- 0.08 while the companion has c = 0.67 +/- 0.17 and is physically smaller than G185. Both objects have integrated dereddened colors similar to those of Galactic globular clusters.
description: 22 pages, ~1Mb postscript file http://www.astro.ubc.ca/~holland/bib.html/ ftp://nukta.astro.ubc.ca/pub/holland/G185_preprint.ps.Z
Reminiscences of Robert Lee Sherrod, 1972
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Journalists
World War, 1939-1945
Korean War, 1950-1953

description: Correspondent for TIME and LIFE, 1935-1952: war reporter and foreign correspondent during World War II; far eastern correspondent for SATURDAY EVENING POST, 1952-1955, managing editor, 1955-1963; recollections of Dwight Eisenhower during World War II; Eisenhower's visit to Korea, 1952
The COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment Search for the Cosmic Infrared Background: IV. Cosmological Implications
Creators: name: Dwek, E.
name: Arendt, R. G.
name: Hauser, M. G.
name: Fixsen, D.
name: Kelsall, T.
name: Leisawitz, D.
name: Pei, Y. C.
name: Wright, E. L.
name: Mather, J. C.
name: Moseley, S. H.
name: Odegard, N.
name: Shafer, R.
name: Silverberg, R. F.
name: Weiland, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we examine the cosmological constraints of the recent DIRBE and FIRAS detection of the extragalactic background light between 125-5000 microns on the metal and star formation histories of the universe.
description: 38 pages and 9 figures. Accepted for publications in The Astrophysical Journal
Reminiscences of Robert Lincoln O'Brien, 1951
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Publishers and publishing
Journalism
Tariff--Law and legislation--United States
Newspaper publishing
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial, Dedham, Mass., 1921

description: Early life; Boston EVENING TRANSCRIPT and HERALD, 1895-1928; Tariff Commission, 1928-1937; Sacco-Vanzetti case; political observations
The Signatures of Voids and the CMBR
Creators: name: Vadas, Sharon L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the signature of a cold dark matter compensated void in the quasi non-linear regime. We find that this void is entirely a cold spot on the microwave background, in contrast to a non-linear void. On the last scattering surface(LSS), it appears as either a hot or cold spot depending on where this surface cuts the void. In addition, because the usual cancellations do not occur, the void's LSS signature can be very large as it is proportional to $R/H^{-1}$ rather than $(R/H^{-1})^3$. This implies strict limits for voids on the LSS.
description: 4 pages; uunencoded compressed postscript file. To appear in the Proceedings of the $17^{th}$ Texas Symposium for Relativistic Astrophysics.
Ribes uva-crispa Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Saxifragales
Grossulariaceae
Ribes
Ribes uva-Crispa

description: Ribes grossularia Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 201. 1753.
"Habitat in Europa." RCN: 1631.
Type not designated.
Original material: Herb. Linn. No. 278.6 (LINN).
Current name: Ribes uva-crispa L. (Grossulariaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part R), pp. 785-805 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 795, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Luminosity indicators in dusty photoionized environments
Creators: name: Bottorff, Mark
name: LaMothe, Joseph
name: Momjian, Emmanuel
name: Verner, Ekaterina
name: Vinkovic', Dejan
name: Ferland, Gary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The luminosity of the central source in ionizing radiation is an essential parameter in a photoionized environment, and one of the most fundamental physical quantities one can measure. We outline a method of determining luminosity for any emission-line region using only infrared data. In dusty environments, grains compete with hydrogen in absorbing continuum radiation. Grains produce infrared emission, and hydrogen produces recombination lines. We have computed a very large variety of photoionization models, using ranges of abundances, grain mixtures, ionizing continua, densities, and ionization parameters. The conditions were appropriate for such diverse objects as H II regions, planetary nebulae, starburst galaxies, and the narrow and broad line regions of active nuclei. The ratio of the total thermal grain emission relative to H$β$ (IR/H$β$) is the primary indicator of whether the cloud behaves as a classical Strömgren sphere (a hydrogen-bounded nebula) or whether grains absorb most of the incident continuum (a dust-bounded nebula). We find two global limits: when $IR/Hβ<100$ infrared recombination lines determine the source luminosity in ionizing photons; when $IR/Hβ\gg100$ the grains act as a bolometer to measure the luminosity.
description: 12 pages 3 figures. Accepted ASP Sept.98
Numerical convergence of finite difference approximations for state based peridynamic fracture models
Creators: name: Jha, Prashant K.
name: Lipton, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A34, 34B10, 74H55, 74S20

description: In this work, we study the finite difference approximation for a class of nonlocal fracture models. The nonlocal model is initially elastic but beyond a critical strain the material softens with increasing strain. This model is formulated as a state-based perydynamic model using two potentials: one associated with hydrostatic strain and the other associated with tensile strain. We show that the dynamic evolution is well-posed in the space of Hölder continuous functions $C^{0,γ}$ with Hölder exponent $γ\in (0,1]$. Here the length scale of nonlocality is $ε$, the size of time step is $Δt$ and the mesh size is $h$. The finite difference approximations are seen to converge to the Hölder solution at the rate $C_t Δt + C_s h^γ/ε^2$ where the constants $C_t$ and $C_s$ are independent of the discretization. The semi-discrete approximations are found to be stable with time. We present numerical simulations for crack propagation that computationally verify the theoretically predicted convergence rate. We also present numerical simulations for crack propagation in precracked samples subject to a bending load.
description: 42 pages, 11 figures
Insulin growth-factor 1Ea gene transfer therapy after myocardial infarction
Creators: name: Gallego Colon, Enrique
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of death globally with myocardial infarction (MI) being one of the main causes of mortality. The limited regenerative capacity of adult human tissues is particularly pertinent to the heart, which cannot repair itself fully after injury; instead, the damaged myocardium is replaced by fibrotic scar tissue and the heart progressively decrement in function. To date, efforts to develop interventions for alleviation of this inevitable destructive progression have proven largely ineffective. Although over the past decades, treatment for myocardial ischemia has made significant progress, myocardial infarction remains an unsolved therapeutic target. In attempting to address this problem, insulin growth factor splicing variant 4 (IGF-1Ea) has been extensively tested for its therapeutic properties in the resolution of tissue injury. In the heart, constitutive overexpression of IGF-1Ea (αMHC.IGF-1Ea) restored heart functionality post-infarct, reducing scar formation and increased anti-apoptotic signalling. This thesis provides deeper understanding on the role of IGF-1Ea in early modulation of the inflammatory process after myocardial infarction in αMHC.IGF-1Ea transgenic mice. In fact, the enhanced repair in αMHC.IGF-1Ea after myocardial infarction is due to IGF-1Ea modulating several aspects of the cellular repair process after MI, including immune cell recruitment, cytokine expression, and reduction of the extracellular matrix turnover. However, the heart-specific transgene is constitutively expressed from birth and does not simulate delivery to humans in the clinic. With a better understanding of IGF-1Ea in cardiac repair, this thesis also focused on the design of both cell- and gene-based approaches to deliver the IGF-1Ea therapeutic payload into the heart by (i) adoptive immunotherapy approach using bone-marrow derived-macrophages mediated cell delivery of IGF-1Ea and (ii) IGF-1Ea gene transfer to the heart using a cardiotropic adeno-associated viral vector (AAV9) after ischemia/reperfusion. Of the two approaches, only the gene-based approach was able to deliver IGF-1Ea into the heart achieving therapeutically relevant levels. AAV9-mediated IGF1Ea gene transfer proved to be a potential therapeutic clinical approach to prevent the adverse ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarct. The knowledge acquired in this thesis will be relevant to inform and design future therapeutic approaches for the treatment of patients suffering from myocardial infarction.
Reminiscences of Robert Luther Duffus, 1951
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Authors
Journalists
Journalism

description: Youth and education; San Francisco journalism, 1911-1919; New York GLOBE and HERALD, 1919-1924; freelance writing, 1924-1937; editorial board NEW YORK TIMES, 1937-1951
Magnetically modulated accretion in T Tauri stars
Creators: name: Clarke, C. J.
name: Armitage, P. J.
name: Smith, K. W.
name: Pringle, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine how accretion on to T Tauri stars may be modulated by a time-dependent `magnetic gate' where the inner edge of the accretion disc is disrupted by a varying stellar field. We show that magnetic field variations on time-scales shorter than 10^5 yr can modulate the accretion flow, thus providing a possible mechanism both for the marked photometric variability of T Tauri stars and for the possible conversion of T Tauri stars between classical and weak line status. We thus suggest that archival data relating to the spectrophotometric variability of T Tauri stars may provide an indirect record of magnetic activity cycles in low-mass pre-main-sequence stars.
description: LaTeX file (requires mn.sty), 4 pages, no figures or tables. To appear in MNRAS.
Bayesian Evidence Accumulation in Experimental Mathematics: A Case Study of Four Irrational Numbers
Creators: name: Gronau, Quentin F.
name: Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Many questions in experimental mathematics are fundamentally inductive in nature. Here we demonstrate how Bayesian inference—the logic of partial beliefs—can be used to quantify the evidence that finite data provide in favor of a general law. As a concrete example we focus on the general law which posits that certain fundamental constants (i.e., the irrational numbers π, e, , and ln 2) are normal; specifically, we consider the more restricted hypothesis that each digit in the constant’s decimal expansion occurs equally often. Our analysis indicates that for each of the four constants, the evidence in favor of the general law is overwhelming. We argue that the Bayesian paradigm is particularly apt for applications in experimental mathematics, a field in which the plausibility of a general law is in need of constant revision in light of data sets whose size is increasing continually and indefinitely.
Nonreciprocal spin waves in a chiral antiferromagnet without the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Cheon, Suik
name: Lee, Hyun-Woo
name: Cheong, Sang-Wook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-reciprocal spin wave can facilitate the realization of spin wave logic devices. It has been demonstrated that the non-reciprocity can emerge when an external magnetic field is applied to chiral magnets, of which spin structures depend crucially on an asymmetric exchange interaction, that is, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Here we demonstrate that the non-reciprocity can arise even without the DMI. We demonstrate this idea for the chiral antiferromagnet Ba$_2$NbFe$_3$Si$_2$O$_{14}$, of which DMI is very small and chiral spin structure arises mainly from the competition between symmetric exchange interactions. We show that when an external magnetic field is applied, asymmetric energy gap shift occurs and the spin wave becomes non-reciprocal from the competition between symmetric exchange interactions and the external magnetic field.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Solution-processed nanomaterials for applications in photoelectrochemical solar cells
Creators: name: Zhang, Xuemei
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Quaternary Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and binary Bi2S3 are considered as potential photovoltaic materials due to their suitable electronic and optical properties, low-toxicity and earth-abundant elemental constitution. This thesis investigates the preparation of CZTS and Bi2S3 nanocrystals in solution-based approaches and examines their applicability in photoelectrochemical solar cells with an aim of fabricating low-cost photovoltaics. CZTS nanocrystals with the kesterite crystal structure were prepared by a hot-injection method in which elemental sulfur was used as the sulfur source. The synthetic conditions were optimized in order to obtain high-quality CZTS particles. The kesterite CZTS nanocrystals were explored as both the sensitizers in photoanode and the building blocks for fabricating thin films. CZTS sensitized TiO2 thin films were used as photoanodes in semiconductor sensitized solar cells (SSSCs); CZTS nanocrystal thin films were employed as photocathodes in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In addition, wurtzite CZTS nanocrystals were also synthesized by a hot-injection method in which an alternative sulfur source, dodecanethiol, was used. In order to examine the influence of metal nanoparticles on the performance of CZTS photocathodes, Au nanoparticles were introduced in the synthesis which led to the formation of core-shell Au@wurtzite CZTS nanoparticles. The performance of those core-shell nanoparticles as a photocathode material was tested in DSSCs. A novel method was developed for the in-situ preparation and deposition of Bi2S3 nanocrystals in the porous TiO2 thin films. Photoresponse studies showed that the in-situ generated Bi2S3 nanoparticles function as good sensitizers to TiO2 thin films. The Bi2S3 sensitized TiO2 thin films were investigated as photoanodes in SSSCs.
Exploring the impact of power dynamics on sustainable value creation in a business ecosystem.
Creators: name: Brennan, Geraldine Teresa
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The scale and urgency required to address the interconnected economic, environmental, and social challenges currently facing society is significant. Business increasingly looks to natural systems for inspiration, one example being codified in the circular economy discourse (CE). CE, based on a biological ecosystem analogy, emphasises creation of environmental and economic value from converting waste into a productive resource. What it disregards is the social dynamics of sustainable value creation within social systems, neglecting the role of power and influence in the discussion. Equally, a gap exists in the nascent literature on sustainable business models (SBMs) in respect of the social dynamics of value creation. The relationship dynamics enabling sustainable value creation need to be better understood and integrated with a perspective which takes the impact of power relations into account. This thesis seeks to contribute insights to the understanding of how power relations impact sustainable value creation. To address these gaps, an analytic framework of organizational influence is developed. It draws on a resource based approach to power-dependency, based on Margaret Archer’s (1995) concepts of first and second order power and her distinction between structural and cultural resources. It also integrates Emerson’s (1962) emphasis on both relative power differentials and the degree of dependency in exchange relationships. This framework is used to interpret qualitative data gathered from Adnams Plc., a UK brewery and sustainability pioneer. A case study is developed based on observation and semi-structured interviews related to 30 inter-organizational relationships within Adnams’ business ecosystem. The findings have theoretical implications for the strategic management and sustainability literature, particularly the SBM literature, resource dependence theory (RDT) and the CE discourse. This research illustrates the importance for organizational actors to consider the power relations within inter-organizational relationships when developing sustainable value creation strategies.
Fluid forcing in the crests of large ocean waves
Creators: name: Haley, Joseph
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: A sequence of new experimental investigations is presented that addresses the modelling of the wave loads within the crests of limiting and breaking waves. This study identifies important sources of uncertainty within wave loading models that are applied to the steepest wave conditions. By examining the origins of this uncertainty, existing loading models are assessed and improvements proposed. In particular, the local wave impact loads arising on individual horizontal and vertical members in the crest region are evaluated. In terms of wave modelling, the key factors are the wave shape and the associated water particle kinematics. In addressing these points, the present results have shown that only nonlinear modelling methods are capable of accurately describing a limiting wave profile. Indeed, the departures from established analytical solutions, commonly used in design, highlight the importance of high-order effects in steep waves approaching their breaking limit. In predicting the wave impact forces on a body, the gradient or slope of the water surface is of fundamental importance. Detailed experimental analysis of the magnitude and direction of the impact force on a horizontal cylinder has highlighted an important source of uncertainty. This relates to the nonparallel nature of the normal to the water surface and the direction of the resultant water particle kinematics. The present work has shown that in the crests of large, steep waves, this angular difference creates an important variability in the force predictions. However, having taken account of this effect, the magnitude of the impact force can be reliably predicted using a slamming coefficient of Cs = 5.19. This is shown to be appropriate to a wide range of oblique wave-structure impacts. When considering the wave forces on a vertical column the present study has shown that it is crucial to consider both the type of wave breaking and also the additional complexity of free surface deformation during the loading event. Overall, measurements of wave run-up are shown to be less dependent on the occurrence of wave impact forces than previously hypothesised. However, the extent of the column area subject to large impact loads is shown to be critically dependent upon the type of wave breaking.
Additional file 1 of Triglyceride is independently correlated with insulin resistance and islet beta cell function: a study in population with different glucose and lipid metabolism states
Creators: name: Ma, Minglei
name: Liu, Haibin
name: Yu, Jie
name: He, Shuli
name: Li, Pingping
name: Ma, Chunxiao
name: Zhang, Huabing
name: Xu, Lingling
name: Ping, Fan
name: Li, Wei
name: Sun, Qi
name: Li, Yuxiu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparisons of blood glucose levels and insulin secretion at various time points during the OGTT for the general population and for populations with different levels of glucose and lipid metabolism. Table S2. Spearman correlation analysis of blood glucose, serum lipid levels, and oxidative stress indicators with HOMA-IR and DI30 in the general population. Figure S1. Comparison of HOMA-IR and ISIM in patients according to quartiles of lipid profiles. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.001.
Review: Observation of Majorana Bound States at a Free Surface of $^3$He-B
Creators: name: Ikegami, Hiroki
name: Kono, Kimitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $p$-wave superfluid $^3$He is a textbook example of topological superfluids. Among its multiple superfluid phases, the B phase ($^3$He-B) is known as a topological state protected by time-reversal symmetry. One of the important topological features of $^3$He-B is the formation of bound states at its surface. Notably, such surface Andreev bound states are predicted to be Majorana fermions, i.e., their antiparticles are identical to their particles. Because of the well-elucidated bulk properties of the superfluid $^3$He owing to its cleanliness, $^3$He-B provides an ideal platform to pursue Majorana fermions in condensed matter systems. In this article, we review recent investigations of surface Andreev bound states by the mobility of ions trapped below a free surface of $^3$He-B.The free surface is an ideal surface providing a specular boundary condition; The surface Andreev bound states formed there are expected to be Majorana fermions with a well-defined energy spectrum. We show that the temperature and depth dependences of the experimentally obtained mobility of negative ions [H. Ikegami {\it et al.,} {\it J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.} {\bf 82} 124607 (2013)] are {\it quantitatively} reproduced by a theoretical study that includes scattering of the surface Andreev bound states [Y. Tsutsumi, {\it Phys. Rev. Lett.} {\bf 118} 145301 (2017)].This quantitative agreement unambiguously demonstrates the experimental detection of surface Andreev bound states.We also discuss the future prospects of the Majorana physics in $^3$He-B.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Lumped-parameter modelling of fluid transport in the lymphatic system
Creators: name: Jamalian Ardakani, Seyedeh Samira
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Any disruption of the lymphatic system due to trauma or injury can lead to oedema. There is no effective cure for lymphedema, partly because predictive knowledge of lymphatic system reactions to interventions is lacking. A well-developed model of the system could greatly improve our understanding of its function. The system is required to pump viscous fluid against gravity and pressure. In contrast to the blood circulatory system, there is no primary pump in the lymphatic network. Lymphangions, defined as the vessel segment between two intraluminal valves, are the individual pumping units. We first aimed to identify the key parameters that affect the flow output of the system using a sensitivity analysis in a lumped-parameter model of lymphangions in series. Our results indicated that further experiments to estimate valve resistance more accurately are necessary. Moreover, the existence of an optimal value of transmural pressure may provide additional guidelines for increasing pumping in areas affected by oedema. In the next step, we expanded our model of contracting lymphangions in series to study pumping activity of physiologic lymphatic networks. We quantified the pumping capability of the system under increasing levels of steady transmural pressure and outflow pressure for different network sizes. Larger network models are valuable for translating experimental measurements from the single lymphangion level to tissue and organ scales. Finally, we demonstrated the suction effect in collecting lymphatic vessels by combining measurements of intraluminal pressure and diameter in isolated contracting lymphatic vessels with our mathematical model of lymphatic pumping. These findings provide insight on the mechanism for fluid entry from interstitial beds at sub-atmospheric pressure to the lymphatic system. Collectively, these results improve our knowledge of lymphatic function and demonstrate the power of experimentally informed mathematical models to address physiological questions to develop better therapeutics and improve patient outcomes.
Reminiscences of Robert Maynard Hutchins, 1967
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: College presidents
Universities and colleges
World War, 1939-1945

description: Election as President of University of Chicago, 1929; concept of a university; relationships with faculty, students, trustees, alumni, and the general public; experiments: Great Books courses, divisions, liberal arts college; professional schools and the university; Rush Medical College; attacks on University of Chicago program; effect of World War II nuclear research; ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA; General Robert E. Wood; William Benton
Reminiscences of Robert Morrison MacIver, 1962
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sociologists
Sociology--Study and teaching
Youth--Attitudes
Jews--Social life and customs

description: Education in Scotland and at Oxford; teaching political science and sociology at Aberdeen University, 1907-11; University of Toronto, 1915-27; Barnard College, 1927-36; Columbia University, 1929-50; Russell Sage Foundation; "The Inquiry"; youth studies for New York City; report on Jewish community relations agencies
Archer of the Galactic disk? The effect on the outer HI disk of the Milky Way of collisional encounters with the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
Creators: name: Ibata, Rodrigo A.
name: Razoumov, Alexey O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrodynamical calculations undertaken to simulate the collisional interaction between the Sgr dwarf galaxy and the Galactic outer HI disk are presented, constrained by recently derived orbital and mass parameters for this dwarf galaxy. It is found that a significant distortion to the structure of the Galactic HI disk will be induced by the collision if the mass of the dwarf exceeds ~10^9 M_Sun; this value is consistent with an estimate derived by requiring that the dwarf galaxy is sufficiently robust to survive tidal disruption until the present time. Though the precise details of the interaction are compromised in our simulations by the lack of a live Galactic halo, we find that for model masses > 5x10^9 M_Sun, prominent spiral arms and a substantial lopsidedness in the outer disk are produced. Furthermore, a noticeable warp-like structure is induced in the disk. Thus the Sgr dwarf may have significantly affected the star formation history and structure of the outer Galaxy. These simulations confirm the possibility of determining the current merging rate of low surface brightness, gas-poor dwarf galaxies of mass > 10^9 M_Sun onto giant spiral galaxies from careful analysis of observations of the structure of HI disks.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Reminiscences of Robert O. Gemmill, 1975
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Businessmen--United States
Presidents--Archives.--United States

description: Childhood recollections of Eisenhower family; Eisenhower Foundation, 1945-50s: purpose, involvement of Milton and Dwight Eisenhower, funding, land acquisitions, trustees and members; Kansas Presidential Library: funding, relation with Foundation, role of Federal Government; insurance appraisal of museum objects; public opening of Eisenhower home; impressions of Eisenhower brothers, Harry Darby, J. Earl Endacott and others
Ghost-free scalar-fermion interactions
Creators: name: Kimura, Rampei
name: Sakakihara, Yuki
name: Yamaguchi, Masahide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a covariant extension of interactions between scalar fields and fermions in a flat space-time. We show, in a covariant theory, how to evade fermionic ghosts appearing because of the extra degrees of freedom behind a fermionic nature even in the Lagrangian with first derivatives. We will give a concrete example of a quadratic theory with up to the first derivative of multiple scalar fields and a Weyl fermion. We examine not only the maximally degenerate condition, which makes the number of degrees of freedom correct, but also a supplementary condition guaranteeing that the time evolution takes place properly. We also show that proposed derivative interaction terms between scalar fields and a Weyl fermion cannot be removed by field redefinitions.
description: 22 pages; matches version accepted for publication in PRD
THE GUNN-PETERSON EFFECT FROM UNDERDENSE REGIONS IN A PHOTOIONIZED INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM
Creators: name: Reisenegger, Andreas
name: Miralda-Escude, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Zel'dovich approximation and another analytical approximation to calculate the evolution under gravitational instability of the underdense regions of a photoionized intergalactic medium (IGM). We find that over most of the spectrum of a quasar, the optical depth to $\lya$ scattering originates from gas in underdense regions, or voids. This causes the ratio of the median Gunn-Peterson (GP) absorption to the value for a uniform medium containing all the baryons in the universe to be very small, and to decrease as gravitational collapse proceeds. We apply our calculations to the observations of the intensity distribution in a $z=4.11$ quasar by Webb and coworkers. We show that if $\lya$ clouds arise from gravitational collapse, their observations must be interpreted as the first detection of the (fluctuating) GP effect, with a median value $τ_{GP}\simeq 0.06$ at $z=4$. For typical low-density ($Ω\sim 0.4$) cosmological models, this is consistent with the predicted baryon density from primordial nucleosynthesis, and the intensity of the ionizing background derived from the proximity effect. From the numerical simulations of Cen \etal, such models also predict correctly the number of $\lya$ absorption lines observed.
description: compressed uuencoded postscript files, 28 pages including 5 figures
title: Rapport de voyage, Ile de France (1926) : Ligne de New-York, 1950, voyage n°23
Creators: name: Cailloce, Joseph
name: De Lacroix de Lavalette, Hubert
name: Delafon, Michel
name: Vaton, Paul
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
subject: Transports maritimes - Histoire
subject: Marine marchande
subject: Journaux de bord

description: Chapitrage : Rapport général / du capitaine - Rapport du commissaire - Rapport du second - Rapport de l'officier de sécurité - Rapport de l'officier de navigation - Rapport du médecin - Rapport contentieux
description: Source: French Lines & Compagnies, 1997 004 5069-21
description: Coverage: 1950-09-05/1950-09-19
Identifying habitat-driven spatial variation in colony size of Herring Gulls Larus argentatus
Creators: name: O’Hanlon, Nina J.
name: Nager, Ruedi G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Capsule: Herring Gull Larus argentatus colonies located along coastlines that are relatively sheltered from wave impact, associated with high intertidal prey availability, and with extensive farmland habitat in the vicinity, have increased in size over the last three decades. Aims: To investigate potential habitat drivers, associated with local food availability, of variation in Herring Gull colony sizes. Methods: Colony sizes were compared for 68 Herring Gull colonies across southwest Scotland and Northern Ireland to relate to the availability of potential foraging habitats surrounding each colony. Results: Changes in Herring Gull colony sizes were spatially clustered, with between-colony differences in colony size related to coastline exposure and amount of farmland within the foraging range. At the end of the census period, colonies located in areas with the greatest availability of intertidal prey and farmland habitat were larger compared to those that were not. Conclusion: Spatially clustered variation in changes of the size of Herring Gull colonies indicates that neighbouring colonies experienced similar environmental conditions and highlights the importance of intertidal and farmland habitats in buffering against declines. This result emphasizes the need for area-specific management for this species of conservation concern.
Additional file 1 of Acute myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory emerging disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill children
Creators: name: Grimaud, Marion
name: Starck, Julie
name: Levy, Michael
name: Marais, Clémence
name: Chareyre, Judith
name: Khraiche, Diala
name: Leruez-Ville, Marianne
name: Quartier, Pierre
name: Léger, Pierre Louis
name: Geslain, Guillaume
name: Semaan, Nada
name: Moulin, Florence
name: Bendavid, Matthieu
name: Jean, Sandrine
name: Poncelet, Géraldine
name: Renolleau, Sylvain
name: Oualha, Mehdi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Cases description, Table S1.
An Eccentric Disk Model for the Nucleus of M31
Creators: name: Tremaine, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nucleus of M31 may be a thick eccentric disk, composed of stars traveling on nearly Keplerian orbits around a black hole or other dark compact object. This hypothesis reproduces most of the features seen in HST photometry of the center of M31; in particular the bright off-center source P1 is the apoapsis of the disk. An eccentric disk can also explain the rotation curve and asymmetric dispersion profile revealed by ground-based observations. The central object must be smaller than 1 pc so that the potential felt by the disk is nearly Keplerian. The disk eccentricity may be excited by a secular instability driven by dynamical friction from the bulge.
description: 12 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript
Late-time observations of the extraordinary Type II supernova iPTF14hls
Creators: name: Sollerman, J.
name: Taddia, F.
name: Arcavi, I.
name: Fremling, C.
name: Fransson, C.
name: Burke, J.
name: Cenko, S. B.
name: Andersen, O.
name: Andreoni, I.
name: Barbarino, C.
name: Blagorodova, N.
name: Brink, T. G.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Hiramatsu, D.
name: Hosseinzadeh, G.
name: Howell, D. A.
name: de Jaeger, T.
name: Lunnan, R.
name: McCully, C.
name: Perley, D. A.
name: Tartaglia, L.
name: Terreran, G.
name: Valenti, S.
name: Wang, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study iPTF14hls, a luminous and extraordinary long-lived Type II supernova, which lately has attracted much attention and disparate interpretation. We present new optical photometry that extends the light curves until more than 3 yr past discovery. We also obtained optical spectroscopy over this period, and furthermore present additional space-based observations using Swift and HST. After an almost constant luminosity for hundreds of days, the later light curve of iPTF14hls finally fades and then displays a dramatic drop after about 1000 d, but the supernova is still visible at the latest epochs presented. The spectra have finally turned nebular, and the very last optical spectrum likely displays signatures from the deep and dense interior of the explosion. The high-resolution HST image highlights the complex environment of the explosion in this low-luminosity galaxy. We provide a large number of additional late-time observations of iPTF14hls, which are (and will continue to be) used to assess the many different interpretations for this intriguing object. In particular, the very late (+1000 d) steep decline of the optical light curve, the lack of very strong X-ray emission, and the emergence of intermediate-width emission lines including of [S II] that likely originate from dense, processed material in the core of the supernova ejecta, are all key observational tests for existing and future models.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication
Ribes nigrum Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Saxifragales
Grossulariaceae
Ribes
Ribes nigrum

description: Ribes nigrum, spec. nov.
3. Ribes inerme, racemis pilosis, floribus oblongis.
 Ribes inerme, floribus oblongis. Hort. cliff. 269. Hort. ups. 51. Fl. suec. 196. Mat. med. 100. Roy. lugdb. 269. Dalib. paris.74.
 Ribes vulgaris, fructu nigro. Rudb. vall. 32. Fl. lapp.99.
 Grossularia non spinosa, fructu nigro. Bauh. pin. 455.
 β. Ribesium nigrum pensylvanicum, floribus oblongis. Dill. elth. 324. t.246. f.315.
 Habitat in Suecia , Helvetia , Pensylvania . ♄    * Grossulariae aculeata.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 201, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
FluidNET Abstract GMDM - Reaction pathways during fluid-rock interactions: from laboratory experiments to implications for the crust of the Earth
Creators: name: Lorena H. Filiberto
name: Christine V. Putnis
name: Andrew Putnis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Reaction pathways during fluid-rock interactions: from laboratory experiments to implications for the crust of the Earth

Lorena H. Filiberto1, Christine V. Putnis1,2, Andrew Putnis1,3

1Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany

2School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845, Australia

3School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, 6845, Australia

  

Fluid pathways and their influencing factors in hydrothermal conditions at 200°C have been investigated conducting experiments using cube samples of monomineralic rocks formed by either calcite or plagioclase, and different types of solutions. Analytical techniques, including SEM, Raman Spectroscopy, AFM, and Electron Microprobe, were used to analyze fluid-induced reactions. Results show three possible reactions pathways: (1) Mg-carbonates replace calcite along the sides of the cubes when using a seawater solution; (2) hydroxylapatite and albite replace calcite and labradorite through the grain boundaries, when using a 0.1M Na2HPO4 solution and a Na-silicate solution, respectively; and (3) a combination of both when hydroxylapatite replaces calcite using a 1M Na2HPO4 solution. We present a model based on the combination of experimental observations and PhreeqC simulations to highlight the importance fluid volume’s availability in a grain boundary versus in the bulk solution and the formation of interconnected porosity during mineral replacements. Such factors play an important role in the kinetics and relative solubilities of rock systems by changing the conditions at the interfacial fluid–mineral boundary layer that will determine initial dissolution or precipitation and whether the supersaturation of a product phase is reached.

Linking the outcomes of our experimental investigations and interpretations based on our models to a natural geological setting is essential for advancing our understanding of fluid-rock interactions. To draw this connection, we have investigated granulitic to amphibolitic anorthosites from the island of Krossøy, in the northern part of the Bergen Arcs, Norway. Despite variations in conditions, the mechanisms and processes observed in our experiments might be influencing in these metamorphic rocks as well. This study might contribute to the understanding the complex geological dynamics of the Bergen Arcs, the rheology in the lower-mid crust and the development of shear zones.
Reminiscences of Robert Palusky 1989
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Potters
Artists
Glass craft
Pottery craft
Arts and crafts movement
Sculpture

description: Childhood, early education, Duluth, Minnesota; general arts background, B.F.A., University of Wisconsin, 1967; M.F.A. ceramics, Rochester Institute of Technology, 1969; influence of various mentors; Instructor, Professor of Art, Kirland College, 1969- ; early experiences at Kirkland; acceptance, success at Rhinebeck Crafts Festival; evolution of work from ceramic vessels to ceramic sculpture, glass and ceramic sculpture, glass vessels, glass sculpture; value of working class background; satisfaction with teaching.
Plastic number and possible optimal solutions for an Euclidean 2-matching in one dimension
Creators: name: Caracciolo, Sergio
name: Di Gioacchino, Andrea
name: Malatesta, Enrico M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider the problem of finding the minimum-weight loop cover of an undirected graph. This combinatorial optimization problem is called 2-matching and can be seen as a relaxation of the traveling salesman problem since one does not have the unique loop condition. We consider this problem both on the complete bipartite and complete graph embedded in a one dimensional interval, the weights being chosen as a convex function of the Euclidean distance between each couple of points. Randomness is introduced throwing independently and uniformly the points in space. We derive the average optimal cost in the limit of large number of points. We prove that the possible solutions are characterized by the presence of "shoelace" loops containing 2 or 3 points of each type in the complete bipartite case, and 3, 4 or 5 points in the complete one. This gives rise to an exponential number of possible solutions scaling as p^N , where p is the plastic constant. This is at variance to what happens in the previously studied one-dimensional models such as the matching and the traveling salesman problem, where for every instance of the disorder there is only one possible solution.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Supplementary Material: 'Steady thermal convection representing the ultimate scaling'
Creators: name: Motoki, Shingo
name: Kawahara, Genta
name: Shimizu, Masaki
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Nonlinear simple invariant solutions representing the ultimate scaling have been discovered to the Navier–Stokes equations for thermal convection between horizontal no-slip permeable walls with a distance H and a constant temperature difference Delta T. On the permeable walls, the vertical transpiration velocity is assumed to be proportional to the local pressure fluctuations, i.e. w= pm beta p rho (Jiménez et al. 2001 J. Fluid Mech., 442, 89–117. (doi:10.1017/S0022112001004888)). Two-dimensional steady solutions bifurcating from a conduction state have been obtained using a Newton–Krylov iteration up to the Rayleigh number Ra sim 108 for the Prandtl number Pr=1, the horizontal period L/H=2 and the permeability parameter beta U=0–3, U being the buoyancy-induced terminal velocity. The wall permeability has a significant impact on the onset and the scaling properties of the found steady ‘wall-bounded’ thermal convection. The ultimate scaling Nu sim Ra1/2 has been observed for beta U>0 at high Ra, where Nu is the Nusselt number. In the steady ultimate state, large-scale thermal plumes fully extend from one wall to the other, inducing the strong vertical velocity comparable to the terminal velocity U as well as intense temperature variation of O( Delta T) even in the bulk region. As a consequence, the wall-to-wall heat flux scales with U Delta T independent of thermal diffusivity, although the heat transfer on the walls is dominated by thermal conduction.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mathematical problems in physical fluid dynamics (part 1)’.