Zanna Kirkaldy 1902
Creators: name: Liang, Ai-Ping
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Fulgoridae
Zanna

description: Genus Zanna Kirkaldy, 1902
Pyrops Amyot et Audinet-Serville, 1843: 491; Atkinson, 1885: 139; Distant, 1906: 179; Li, 1987: 330. Zanna Kirkaldy, 1902: 47; Melichar, 1903: 13; Metcalf, 1947: 246; Lallemand, 1963: 90; Chou et al., 1985: 113; Nagai & Porion, 1996: 27; Hua, 2000: 96. Type species: Fulgora tenebrosa Fabricius, 1775. Replacement name for Pyrops Amyot et Audinet- Serville, 1843 nec Pyrops Spinola, 1839.
Revised generic diagnosis. Members of Zanna can be distinguished from other Fulgoridae genera by the combination of the following characters: body distinctly narrow, slender and elongate, usually pale brownish ochraceous, without colorful markings, usually thickly and prominently spotted in black (Figs 1, 2, 3A–D); head distinctly produced into a very long cephalic process, which is longer than abdomen and more than twice as long as pronotum and mesonotum combined; cephalic process relatively robust, hexagonal, gently narrowing from base to apex, somewhat upturned at apex in lateral view (Figs 1, 2A–D, 3A–D); vertex very elongate, lateral margins weakly ridged with carinae being slightly zigzagged, with faint median carina (Figs 1, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B); frons distinctly elongate, with lateral margins weakly ridged with carinae being slightly zigzagged, with slightly zigzagged submedian carinae, without median carina (Figs 2C, 3C); antennae with pedicle relatively short, subbulbose, fully covered with sensory plaque organs over entire surface (Figs 4, 5A–D); forewings narrow and elongate, almost entirely reticulate, inner marginal areas overlapping at tips; hind tibiae with 5–7 lateral spurs; metatarsomes I and II covered with a pad of dense setae ventrally (Figs 6E, 6F); gonoplac in female adults with basal inner area strongly and densely pilose (Figs 7, 8A, 8B); anal tube in female adults expanded, nearly cardiform in ventral aspect (Figs 8B, 8C), densely covered with long, whitish wax threads ventrally (Fig. 8A), its ventral surface covered with numerous fine hexagonal wax gland units (Fig. 8D), each hexagonal unit bearing a long seta coming from center (Fig. 8B–D) and numerous very tiny wax gland pores on surface (Fig. 8E–H).
Monophyly of Zanna. Currently there are about 143 described genera of Fulgoridae (Bourgoin 2017), however, the monophyly of most genera has not been examined cladistically. The wax-secreting plates in the adults of most fulgorid species are located on the abdominal tergites VI–VIII (O’Brien & Wilson 1985). However, the anal tube in the female adults of the Zanna species is expanded and nearly cardiform in ventral aspect and the wax gland pores are located on the ventral surface of the modified anal tube (see description under Z. robusticephalica sp. nov. below). The very similar wax gland plates are also found in some species of the other fulgoroid families, namely Flatidae, Lophopidae, Ricaniidae and Nogodinidae (Lucchi & Mazzoni 2004; Liang, unpublished data), however, these similarities seem to be the results of parallel developments. In addition, the prolongation of the head into elongate and hexagonal cephalic process (Figs 1, 2A–D, 3A–D), forewings with inner marginal areas overlapping at tips (Figs 1, 2F, 3A); gonoplac in female adults with basal inner area being strongly and densely pilose (Figs 7, 8A, 8B) and the metatarsomeres I and II being covered with a pad of dense setae ventrally (Figs 6E, 6F) are found only in Zanna species. These distinct characters appear to be good autapomorphies of Zanna that support the monophyly of the genus.
Biology. In common with most planthopper groups, few biological data are available for species of Zanna. Gade (1985) reported that Z. madagascariensis in Madagascar feeds Lima bean and related plants and that the adults of Z. madagascariensis are known as sakandry, and are consumed by the rural people of Madagascar (van der Heyden 2014). Chou et al. (1985) and Hua (2000) reported that Z. chinensis can infest Glycine max (Linn.) Merr. (soybean) and Cocos nucifera L. (coconut palm) in China. Li (1987) recorded the occurrence of Z. chinensis as Pyrops chinensis in Guizhou of southwest China and reported that in Guizhou the adults of this species can be attracted under light in early May and the nymphs can be found in late October infesting soybeans.
Distribution. Oriental region (India (northern part), Sri Lanka, Sikkim, Bengal, Nepal, China (southern and southwestern parts), Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia (Malay Peninsula, Borneo), Singapore, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Afrotropical region.
description: Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping, 2017, Zanna robusticephalica sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) from China, with comments on some ultrastructural characters of the new species, pp. 361-373 in Zootaxa 4338 (2) on pages 363-364, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4338.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/1036061