cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Halo Independent Direct Detection of Momentum-Dependent Dark Matter
Creators: name: Cherry, John F.
name: Frandsen, Mads T.
name: Shoemaker, Ian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the momentum dependence of dark matter interactions with nuclei can be probed in direct detection experiments without knowledge of the dark matter velocity distribution. This is one of the few properties of DM microphysics that can be determined with direct detection alone, given a signal of dark matter in multiple direct detection experiments with different targets. Long-range interactions arising from the exchange of a light mediator are one example of momentum-dependent DM. For data produced from the exchange of a massless mediator we find for example that the mediator mass can be constrained to be $\lesssim 10$ MeV for DM in the 20-1000 GeV range in a halo-independent manner.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures; updated to match published version
Safety of transanal ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: a retrospective observational cohort study
Creators: name: Lask, Aina
name: Biebl, Matthias
name: Dittrich, Luca
name: Fischer, Andreas
name: Adler, Andreas
name: Tacke, Frank
name: Aigner, Felix
name: Schmuck, Rosa
name: Chopra, Sascha
name: Knoop, Michael
name: Pratschke, Johann
name: Gül-Klein, Safak
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Transanal ileal pouch-anal anastomosis
subject: Pouchitis
subject: Ulcerative colitis
subject: Anastomotic leakage
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Colectomy with transanal ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (taIPAA) is a surgical technique that can be used to treat benign colorectal disease. Ulcerative colitis is the most frequent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and although pharmacological therapy has improved, colectomy rates reach up to 15%. The objective of this study was to determine anastomotic leakage rates and treatment after taIPAA as well as short- and long-term pouch function. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of all patients undergoing taIPAA at an academic tertiary referral center in Germany, between 01/03/2015 and 31/08/2019. Patients with indications other than ulcerative colitis or with adjuvant chemotherapy following colectomy for colorectal carcinoma were excluded for short- and long-term follow up due to diverging postoperative care yet considered for evaluation of anastomotic leakage. Results: A total of 22 patients undergoing taIPAA during the study time-window were included in analysis. Median age at the time of surgery was 32 +/- 12.5 (14-54) years. Two patients developed an anastomotic leakage at 11 days (early anastomotic leakage) and 9 months (late anastomotic leakage) after surgery, respectively. In both patients, pouches could be preserved with a multimodal approach. Twenty patients out of 22 met the inclusion criteria for short and long term follow-up. Data on short-term pouch function could be obtained in 14 patients and showed satisfactory pouch function with only four patients reporting intermittent incontinence at a median stool frequency of 9-10 times per day. In the long-term we observed an inflammation or "pouchitis" in 11 patients and a pouch failure in one patient. Conclusion: Postoperative complication rates in patients with benign colorectal disease remain an area of concern for surgical patient safety. In this pilot study on 22 selected patients, taIPAA was associated with two patients developing anastomotic leakage. Future large-scale validation studies are required to determine the safety and feasibility of taIPAA in patients with ulcerative colitis.
On Classification of Toric Surface Codes of Low Dimension
Creators: name: Luo, Xue
name: Yau, Stephen S. -T.
name: Zhang, Mingyi
name: Zuo, Huaiqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work is a natural continuation of our previous work \cite{yz}. In this paper, we give a complete classification of toric surface codes of dimension less than or equal to 6, except a special pair, $C_{P_6^{(4)}}$ and $C_{P_6^{(5)}}$ over $\mathbb{F}_8$. Also, we give an example, $C_{P_6^{(5)}}$ and $C_{P_6^{(6)}}$ over $\mathbb{F}_7$, to illustrate that two monomially equivalent toric codes can be constructed from two lattice non-equivalent polygons.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, 8 tables
5D partition functions, q-Virasoro systems and integrable spin-chains
Creators: name: Nieri, Fabrizio
name: Pasquetti, Sara
name: Passerini, Filippo
name: Torrielli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze N = 1 theories on S5 and S4 x S1, showing how their partition functions can be written in terms of a set of fundamental 5d holomorphic blocks. We demonstrate that, when the 5d mass parameters are analytically continued to suitable values, the S5 and S4 x S1 partition functions degenerate to those for S3 and S2 x S1. We explain this mechanism via the recently proposed correspondence between 5d partition functions and correlators with underlying q-Virasoro symmetry. From the q-Virasoro 3-point functions, we axiomatically derive a set of associated reflection coefficients, and show they can be geometrically interpreted in terms of Harish-Chandra c-functions for quantum symmetric spaces. We then link these particular c-functions to the types appearing in the Jost functions encoding the asymptotics of the scattering in integrable spin chains, obtained taking different limits of the XYZ model to XXZ-type.
description: 58 pages, 2 figures, pdfLaTeX; v2: references added, comments added
A coupled surface-Cahn--Hilliard bulk-diffusion system modeling lipid raft formation in cell membranes
Creators: name: Garcke, Harald
name: Kampmann, Johannes
name: Rätz, Andreas
name: Röger, Matthias
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik
subject: 35K51
subject: 35K71
subject: 35Q92
subject: 92C37
subject: 35R37

description: We propose and investigate a model for lipid raft formation and dynamics in biological membranes. The model describes the lipid composition of the membrane and an interaction with cholesterol. To account for cholesterol exchange between cytosol and cell membrane we couple a bulk-diffusion to an evolution equation on the membrane. The latter describes a relaxation dynamics for an energy taking lipid-phase separation and lipid-cholesterol interaction energy into account. It takes the form of an (extended) Cahn--Hilliard equation. Different laws for the exchange term represent equilibrium and non-equilibrium models. We present a thermodynamic justification, analyze the respective qualitative behavior and derive asymptotic reductions of the model. In particular we present a formal asymptotic expansion near the sharp interface limit, where the membrane is separated into two pure phases of saturated and unsaturated lipids, respectively. Finally we perform numerical simulations and investigate the long-time behavior of the model and its parameter dependence. Both the mathematical analysis and the numerical simulations show the emergence of raft-like structures in the non-equilibrium case whereas in the equilibrium case only macrodomains survive in the long-time evolution.
A Renormalizable Model for the Galactic Center Gamma Ray Excess from Dark Matter Annihilation
Creators: name: Ipek, Seyda
name: McKeen, David
name: Nelson, Ann E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evidence for an excess of gamma rays with O(GeV) energy coming from the center of our galaxy has been steadily accumulating over the past several years. Recent studies of the excess in data from the Fermi telescope have cast doubt on an explanation for the excess arising from unknown astrophysical sources. A potential source of the excess is the annihilation of dark matter into standard model final states, giving rise to gamma ray production. The spectrum of the excess is well fit by 30 GeV dark matter annihilating into a pair of b quarks with a cross section of the same order of magnitude as expected for a thermal relic. Simple models that can lead to this annihilation channel for dark matter are in strong tension with null results from direct detection experiments. We construct a renormalizable model where dark matter-standard model interactions are mediated by a pseudoscalar that mixes with the CP-odd component of a pair of Higgs doublets, allowing for the gamma ray excess to be explained while suppressing the direct detection signal. We consider implications for this scenario from Higgs decays, rare B meson decays and monojet searches and also comment on some difficulties that any dark matter model explaining the gamma ray excess via direct annihilation into quarks will encounter.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures. v2: published version, references added, B_s->mu mu limits and estimates updated
Monocyte distribution width (MDW) as a biomarker of infection- a scoping review
Creators: name: Tetteh, Kevin K A
name: SHRESTHA, SURAJ
name: Lava Shrestha
name: Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM
name: Aryal, Roshan
name: Debashish Das
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Monocytes, a type of white blood cell (WBC) play a critical role in the immune response to inflammation. Abnormalities in peripheral monocyte count and morphology have been associated with a variety of diseases and conditions. Monocyte distribution width (MDW), which is an assessment of variability in monocyte morphology, has recently emerged as a novel biomarker for the early detection of sepsis and COVID-19. Given the wide range of biomarkers available for the recognition of infection, the role of MDW has not been explored comprehensively. The potential diagnostic and/or prognostic performance of MDW across all infectious diseases merits further investigation.
Characterization of volatile metabolites formed by molds on barley by mass and ion mobility spectrometry
Creators: name: Erler, Alexander
name: Riebe, Daniel
name: Beitz, Toralf
name: Löhmannsröben, Hans‐Gerd
name: Grothusheitkamp, Daniela
name: Kunz, Thomas
name: Methner, Frank‐Jürgen
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: APCI
subject: fungus
subject: gas chromatography
subject: ion mobility spectrometry
subject: mass spectrometry
subject: mold
subject: soft X‐ray

description: The contamination of barley by molds on the field or in storage leads to the spoilage of grain and the production of mycotoxins, which causes major economic losses in malting facilities and breweries. Therefore, on‐site detection of hidden fungus contaminations in grain storages based on the detection of volatile marker compounds is of high interest. In this work, the volatile metabolites of 10 different fungus species are identified by gas chromatography (GC) combined with two complementary mass spectrometric methods, namely, electron impact (EI) and chemical ionization at atmospheric pressure (APCI)‐mass spectrometry (MS). The APCI source utilizes soft X‐radiation, which enables the selective protonation of the volatile metabolites largely without side reactions. Nearly 80 volatile or semivolatile compounds from different substance classes, namely, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, substituted aromatic compounds, alkenes, terpenes, oxidized terpenes, sesquiterpenes, and oxidized sesquiterpenes, could be identified. The profiles of volatile and semivolatile metabolites of the different fungus species are characteristic of them and allow their safe differentiation. The application of the same GC parameters and APCI source allows a simple method transfer from MS to ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), which permits on‐site analyses of grain stores. Characterization of IMS yields limits of detection very similar to those of APCI‐MS. Accordingly, more than 90% of the volatile metabolites found by APCI‐MS were also detected in IMS. In addition to different fungus genera, different species of one fungus genus could also be differentiated by GC‐IMS.
X‐Ray‐Computed Radiography and Tomography Study of Electrolyte Invasion and Distribution inside Pristine and Heat‐Treated Carbon Felts for Redox Flow Batteries
Creators: name: Gebhard, Marcus
name: Schnucklake, Maike
name: Hilger, André
name: Röhe, Maximilian
name: Osenberg, Markus
name: Krewer, Ulrike
name: Manke, Ingo
name: Roth, Christina
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: carbon felts
subject: contact angle measurements
subject: electrolyte wetting
subject: thermal treatments
subject: vanadium redox flow batteries
subject: X-ray radiographies
subject: X-ray tomographies

description: Porous carbon felts (CFs) are widely used electrode materials for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). These materials differ in their precursor material, thickness, or graphitization degree and demonstrate broad differences in electrochemical performance. Prior to operation, an activation step, such as acid or heat treatment (HT), is commonly performed to improve their performance. A thermal treatment in air functionalizes the surface of the electrode and improves reaction kinetics as well as the wettability of the electrode. Herein, pristine and heat‐treated CFs are compared regarding their electrolyte wetting behavior for the use in VRFB. Contact angle (CA) measurements are conducted ex situ to investigate the effect of the HT. Furthermore, the porous CFs are examined in situ with an in‐house‐built flow cell regarding their invasion behavior with different types of electrolytes by X‐ray radiography. Additionally, the distribution of the electrolyte inside the felts is investigated by X‐ray tomography. The results demonstrate the effect of the HT and choice of electrolyte on the wetting behavior and electrolyte distribution.
Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Fecal Colonization of Dogs from a Pet Clinic in Lower Saxony, Germany
Creators: name: Werhahn Beining, Marco
name: Hartmann, Maria
name: Luebke-Becker, Antina
name: Guenther, Sebastian
name: Schaufler, Katharina
name: Hille, Katja
name: Kreienbrock, Lothar
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: antibiotic resistance
subject: risk factors
subject: epidemiological study
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are an emerging problem in veterinary and human medicine. Our study concentrated on the estimation of the prevalence and factors associated with the carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli in dogs who visited a veterinary clinic in northern Germany in 2017. For this reason, 1000 patients (healthy and sick dogs) were tested, resulting in 1000 samples originating from rectal swabs. Additional data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire that was completed by the dog owner. Factors associated with ESBL carriage were considered for further modeling if p < 0.05 using a two-sided Fisher test. Using a backward elimination procedure, the variables for the final multivariable logistic regression model were identified. In total, 8.9% of the dogs tested were positive for carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli. Seven factors were associated with the colonization of dogs with ESBL-E. coli within the multivariable model, namely husbandry system (p = 0.0019, OR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.50–6.00), contact with puppies (p = 0.0044, OR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.32–4.46), feeding of raw meat (p = 0.011, OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.21–4.31), food residues (p = 0.0151, OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.18–4.53) and food supplements (p = 0.0487, OR = 0.426; 95% CI: 0.18–0.96), and antibiotic treatments of dogs (p = 0.0005, OR = 3.030; 95% CI: 1.62–5.68) or owners (p = 0.041, OR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.04–7.19) prior to the study. These factors refer to the animals themselves as well as to the owners and their habits or medical treatments. Although the causality and direction of transmission from owners to their dogs cannot be proven, the factor of antibiotic treatment of the owner is clearly associated with the dog’s status.
Embedding inflation into the Standard Model - more evidence for classical scale invariance
Creators: name: Kannike, Kristjan
name: Racioppi, Antonio
name: Raidal, Martti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If cosmological inflation is due to a slowly rolling single inflation field taking trans-Planckian values as suggested by the BICEP2 measurement of primordial tensor modes in CMB, embedding inflation into the Standard Model challenges standard paradigm of effective field theories. Together with an apparent absence of Planck scale contributions to the Higgs mass and to the cosmological constant, BICEP2 provides further experimental evidence for the absence of large $M_{\rm P}$ induced operators. We show that classical scale invariance, the paradigm that all fundamental scales in Nature are induced by quantum effects, solves the problem and allows for a remarkably simple scale-free Standard Model extension with inflaton without extending the gauge group. Due to trans-Planckian inflaton values and vevs, a dynamically induced Coleman-Weinberg-type inflaton potential of the model can predict tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ in a large range, converging around the prediction of chaotic $m^2ϕ^2$ inflation for a large trans-Planckian value of the inflaton vev. Precise determination of $r$ in future experiments will single out a unique scale-free inflation potential, allowing to test the proposed field-theoretic framework.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, revised version published on JHEP
A different approach to perform Radiated Immunity Test taking into consideration complex signals
Creators: name: Batista, Nathalia Alves Rocha
name: Figuerola, Marcos Quílez
name: Martínez, Fernando Silva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The current EMC IEC 61000-4-3 basic standard does not replicate the actual complex communication environment, its conditions and equipment behaviours. It considers a single AM modulated CW as a test signal while real scenarios include multiple complex signals that might generate several harmonics and cause intermodulation problems. In this study, a more complex signal is examined and compared to AM Modulated signals described in EMC standards, by previously characterising the power amplifier nonlinearity behaviour and applying the power amplifier model to the system level, in order to tune its parameters to deal with the complexity of combined modulated signals.
Sero-molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in pigs and human contacts in Ghana
Creators: name: Yeboah, Richmond
name: Sylverken, Augustina Angelina
name: Owusu, Michael
name: El-Duah, Philip
name: Burimuah, Vitus
name: Frimpong, Yaw
name: Lamptey, Jones
name: Eckerle, Isabella
name: Meyer, Benjamin
name: Antwi, Christopher
name: Agbenyaga, Olivia
name: Folitse, Raphael
name: Emikpe, Benjamin
name: Oppong, Samuel Kingsley
name: Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw
name: Drosten, Christian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: One health
subject: Zoonoses
subject: Livestock
subject: Infectious disease reservoirs
subject: Viral hepatitis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is among the leading causes of viral hepatitis in most developing countries. Zoonotic acquisition of HEV genotype 3 from swine has come into focus more recently. Available studies on HEV in Ghana and other countries in the region do not provide enough information towards understanding the epidemiology of HEV in human and animal populations. Towards this end, we conducted a comparative cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with HEV exposure, both in swine and humans working on pig farms in typical local settings. The presence of viral RNA in human and swine samples was also evaluated, along with classification of viral sequences from HEV-positive samples. Methods: Structured questionnaires soliciting information on pigs reared, as well as socio-demographic information including age, sex and educational background of humans was collected. A total of 10 ml and 5 ml of whole blood was collected from pigs and human participants respectively. ELISA and real-time RT-PCR were performed on the sera for the qualitative detection of IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus and viral RNA, respectively. Results: Five hundred and forty-four (544) human participants including 264 swine contacts and 280 swine non-contacts were enrolled in the study. Although the proportion of HEV IgG antibodies was higher in contact groups (114; 54.3%) than non-contact groups (96; 45.7%), a multivariate analysis did not show any significant difference. No HEV RNA was detected in human samples. Similarly, 720 pigs were sampled from 18 farms located in five regions in Ghana. Twenty-three (23) of the pigs (3.2, 95%CI = 2.0-4.8) were positive for HEV RNA by real-time RT-PCR testing. Sequences obtained from HEV-positive samples were found to share high sequence identities with each other and clustered with other genotype 3 viruses indicating the existence of circulating zoonotic genotype 3 viruses on farms. Although we did not find evidence of pig to human transmission of HEV genotype 3, the presence of this genotype in pigs shows the potential for possible zoonotic transmission in African farm settings and buttresses the importance of active surveillance for the infection among at risk populations.
Fetuin-B, a potential link of liver-adipose tissue cross talk during diet-induced weight loss–weight maintenance
Creators: name: Li, Linna
name: Spranger, Leonard
name: Stobäus, Nicole
name: Beer, Finja
name: Decker, Anne-Marie
name: Wernicke, Charlotte
name: Brachs, Sebastian
name: Brachs, Maria
name: Spranger, Joachim
name: Mai, Knut
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fetuin-B
subject: liver-adipose
subject: diet-induced weight changes
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Numerous hepatokines are involved in inter-organ cross talk regulating tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue lipolysis represents a crucial element of adipose insulin sensitivity and is substantially involved in long-term body weight regulation after dietary weight loss. Thus, we aimed to analyze the impact of the hepatokine Fetuin-B in the context of weight loss induced short- and long-term modulation of adipose insulin sensitivity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 143 subjects (age > 18; BMI >= 27 kg/m(2)) were analyzed before (T-3) and after (T0) a standardized 12-week dietary weight reduction program. Afterward, subjects were randomized to a 12-month lifestyle intervention or a control group. After 12 months (T12) no further intervention was performed until 6 months later (T18) (Maintain-Adults trial). Tissue-specific insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-IR (predominantly liver), ISIClamp (predominantly skeletal muscle), and free fatty acid suppression during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (FFA(Supp)) (predominantly adipose tissue). Fetuin-B was measured at all concomitant time points. RESULTS: Circulating Fetuin-B levels correlated significantly with estimates of obesity, hepatic steatosis as well as HOMA-IR, ISIClamp, FFA(Supp) at baseline. Fetuin-B decreased during dietary weight loss (4.2 (3.5-4.9) vs. 3.8 (3.2-4.6) mu g/ml; p = 2.1 x 10(-5)). This change was associated with concomitant improvement of HOMA-IR (r = 0.222; p = 0.008) and FFA(Supp) (r = -0.210; p = 0.013), suggesting a particular relationship to hepatic and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Weight loss induced improvements of insulin resistance were almost completely preserved until months 12 and 18 and most interestingly, the short and long-term improvement of FFA(Supp) was partially predicted by baseline level of Fetuin-B. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that Fetuin-B might be a potential mediator of liver-adipose cross talk involved in short- and long-term regulation of adipose insulin sensitivity, especially in the context of diet-induced weight changes.
title: Ten scientific messages on risks and opportunities for life in the Antarctic
Creators: name: Gutt, Julian
name: Isla, Enrique
name: Xavier, José C.
name: Adams, Byron
name: Ahn, In-Young
name: Colesie, Claudia
name: Cummings, Vonda
name: Griffiths, Huw
name: Hogg, Ian D.
name: McIntyre, Trevor
name: Meiners, Klaus Martin
name: Pearce, David
name: Peck, Lloyd
name: Piepenburg, Dieter
name: Reisinger, Ryan
name: Saba, Grace
name: Schloss, Irene
name: Signori, Camila
name: Smith, Craig
name: Vacchi, Marino
name: Verde, Cinzia
name: Wall, Diana H.
name: Cheng, C.-H. Christina
Publisher: name: Antarctic Environments Portal
Year: 2022

description: Initiated by the SCAR scientific research programme “Antarctic Thresholds – Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation” (AnT-ERA, 2013-2021), 26 experts synthesized knowledge on impacts and risks of climate-change on biological processes and ecosystem functions in the Antarctic.
Evaluation of Airborne HySpex and Spaceborne PRISMA Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data for Soil Organic Matter and Carbonates Estimation
Creators: name: Angelopoulou, Theodora
name: Chabrillat, Sabine
name: Pignatti, Stefano
name: Milewski, Robert
name: Karyotis, Konstantinos
name: Brell, Maximilian
name: Ruhtz, Thomas
name: Bochtis, Dionysis
name: Zalidis, George
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: remote sensing
subject: imaging spectroscopy
subject: satellite
subject: airborne
subject: organic carbon
subject: soil spectroscopy
subject: spectral modeling
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Remote sensing and soil spectroscopy applications are valuable techniques for soil property estimation. Soil organic matter (SOM) and calcium carbonate are important factors in soil quality, and although organic matter is well studied, calcium carbonates require more investigation. In this study, we validated the performance of laboratory soil spectroscopy for estimating the aforementioned properties with referenced in situ data. We also examined the performance of imaging spectroscopy sensors, such as the airborne HySpex and the spaceborne PRISMA. For this purpose, we applied four commonly used machine learning algorithms and six preprocessing methods for the evaluation of the best fitting algorithm.. The study took place over crop areas of Amyntaio in Northern Greece, where extensive soil sampling was conducted. This is an area with a very variable mineralogical environment (from lignite mine to mountainous area). The SOM results were very good at the laboratory scale and for both remote sensing sensors with R2 = 0.79 for HySpex and R2 = 0.76 for PRISMA. Regarding the calcium carbonate estimations, the remote sensing accuracy was R2 = 0.82 for HySpex and R2 = 0.36 for PRISMA. PRISMA was still in the commissioning phase at the time of the study, and therefore, the acquired image did not cover the whole study area. Accuracies for calcium carbonates may be lower due to the smaller sample size used for the modeling procedure. The results show the potential for using quantitative predictions of SOM and the carbonate content based on soil and imaging spectroscopy at the air and spaceborne scales and for future applications using larger datasets.
Molecular and Serological Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Dogs from Germany (2008–2020)
Creators: name: Schäfer, Ingo
name: Kohn, Barbara
name: Silaghi, Cornelia
name: Fischer, Susanne
name: Marsboom, Cedric
name: Hendrickx, Guy
name: Müller, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Canine
subject: ELISA
subject: granulocytic anaplasmosis
subject: IFAT
subject: PCR
subject: prevalence
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes granulocytic anaplasmosis in domestic animals, wildlife, and humans and is primarily transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes persulcatus complex. This retrospective study aims to determine the percentages of dogs that tested positive for A. phagocytophilum in Germany. It included the results of direct (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) and indirect (immunofluorescence antibody test [IFAT], antibody-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) detection methods performed in the laboratory LABOKLIN on canine samples provided by German veterinarians from 2008 to 2020. Out of a total of 27,368 dogs tested by PCR, 1332 (4.9%) tested positive, while 24,720 (27.4%) of the 90,376 dogs tested by IFAT/ELISA had positive serology. High rates of positive PCR results were observed in months with known peaks in vector activity, showing that the dynamics of A. phagocytophilum infections in dogs in Germany are consistent with vector activity. In dogs with a positive PCR result, peaks in serology could be observed four weeks after initial testing. Male and senior dogs had higher rates of positive serology. A possible impact of environmental factors such as changes in climate should be investigated further. Overall, the upward trend in positive test results over the years indicates that canine granulocytic anaplasmosis will continue to become increasingly important for veterinary medicine.
Finite coupling corrections to holographic predictions for hot QCD
Creators: name: Waeber, Sebastian
name: Schäfer, Andreas
name: Vuorinen, Aleksi
name: Yaffe, Laurence
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: holography and quark-gluon plasmas
subject: 530 Physik

description: Finite 't Hooft coupling corrections to multiple physical observables in strongly coupled N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma are examined, in an attempt to assess the stability of the expansion in inverse powers of the 't Hooft coupling λ. Observables considered include thermodynamic quantities, transport coefficients, and quasinormal mode frequencies. Although large λ expansions for quasinormal mode frequencies are notably less well behaved than the expansions of other quantities, we find that a partial resummation of higher order corrections can significantly reduce the sensitivity of the results to the value of λ.
Why We Can’t Be Friends: Affinities and Disjunctions Between Far-Right Extremism in the United States and Europe
Creators: name: Kozitskaia, Anastasia
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Much of contemporary scholarship and policy on far-right extremism believes in the increasingly global nature of the threat due to the rise of international networking and cooperation among right-wing activists. The international linkages of white nationalists across borders fuel recruitment and radicalization efforts as well as facilitate illegitimate financing, the spread of misinformation, and the proliferation of weapons. Yet, few researchers have questioned the degree and the spectrum of cooperation among right-wing supporters, assuming that ideological affinity of the movements suppresses nationally- and culturally- specific cleavages of the movements’ constituents. Despite the widespread belief in the global nature of radical right extremism, there is scarce evidence of substantial transnational partnership among white nationalists, such as joint attacks, members’ interchangeability, or public proclamations of collaboration. This work addresses the disjunctions of the global collective action problem by exploring the nationalistic value commitments of right-wing proponents that interrupt the general ideological affinity of the far-right movements in the United States and the European Union. The conceptual framework employed in this paper highlights the organizational, operational, and ideological differences and similarities between the two strands of contemporary right-wing extremism among the two continents. This research concludes that the strategies of the alt-right mobilization in the US are insufficient in their mobilizing potency when applied to the far-right movement in the EU due to incompatible national identities and cultural grievances of each social movement.
An extension of the projected gradient method to a Banach space setting with application in structural topology optimization
Creators: name: Blank, Luise
name: Rupprecht, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: projected gradient method, variable metric method, convex constraints, shape and topology optimization, phase field approach
subject: 510 Mathematik

description: For the minimization of a nonlinear cost functional j under convex constraints the relaxed projected gradient process φk+1=φk+αk(PH(φk−λk∇Hj(φk))−φk) is a well known method. The analysis is classically performed in a Hilbert space H. We generalize this method to functionals j which are differentiable in a Banach space. Thus it is possible to perform e.g. an L2 gradient method if j is only differentiable in L∞. We show global convergence using Armijo backtracking in αk and allow the inner product and the scaling λk to change in every iteration. As application we present a structural topology optimization problem based on a phase field model, where the reduced cost functional j is differentiable in H1∩L∞. The presented numerical results using the H1 inner product and a pointwise chosen metric including second order information show the expected mesh independency in the iteration numbers. The latter yields an additional, drastic decrease in iteration numbers as well as in computation time. Moreover we present numerical results using a BFGS update of the H1 inner product for further optimization problems based on phase field models.
Linear waves at viscoelastic interfaces between viscoelastic media
Creators: name: Zendehroud, Sina
name: Netz, Roland R.
name: Kappler, Julian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Interfacial flows
subject: Sound waves
subject: Interfaces
subject: Non-Newtonian fluids
subject: Surfactants, micelles & vesicles
subject: Viscoelasticity
subject: Maxwell model
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We derive the general dispersion relation for interfacial waves along a planar viscoelastic boundary that separates two viscoelastic bulk media, including the effect of gravity. Our unified theory contains Rayleigh waves, capillary-gravity-flexural waves, Lucassen waves, bending waves in elastic plates, and the standard dispersion-free sound waves, as limiting cases. To illustrate our results, we consider waves at a viscoelastic interface immersed in water and at an air-water interface. We furthermore investigate waves at a viscoelastic interface separating two identical viscoelastic bulk media, for which we consider both Kelvin-Voigt and Maxwell materials, as applicable to polymer gels and solutions. For all cases, we study how material properties determine the crossovers, scaling, and existence regimes of the various interfacial waves. Since we include viscoelastic effects for all media involved, our theory allows to model waveguiding phenomena in biology, such as pressure pulses in axon membranes, which are possibly relevant for acoustic nerve pulse propagation phenomena.
Axion cosmology, lattice QCD and the dilute instanton gas
Creators: name: Borsanyi, Szabocls
name: Dierigl, M.
name: Fodor, Zoltan
name: Katz, Sandor D.
name: Mages, Simon Wolfgang
name: Nogradi, Daniel
name: Redondo, J.
name: Ringwald, A.
name: Szabo, Kalman K.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Axion dark matter; QCD on the lattice; Instantons
subject: 530 Physik

description: Axions are one of the most attractive dark matter candidates. The evolution of their number density in the early universe can be determined by calculating the topological susceptibility χ(T) of QCD as a function of the temperature. Lattice QCD provides an ab initio technique to carry out such a calculation. A full result needs two ingredients: physical quark masses and a controlled continuum extrapolation from non-vanishing to zero lattice spacings. We determine χ(T) in the quenched framework (infinitely large quark masses) and extrapolate its values to the continuum limit. The results are compared with the prediction of the dilute instanton gas approximation (DIGA). A nice agreement is found for the temperature dependence, whereas the overall normalization of the DIGA result still differs from the non-perturbative continuum extrapolated lattice results by a factor of order ten. We discuss the consequences of our findings for the prediction of the amount of axion dark matter.
An Optimal-Dimensionality Sampling Scheme on the Sphere with Fast Spherical Harmonic Transforms
Creators: name: Khalid, Zubair
name: Kennedy, Rodney A.
name: McEwen, Jason D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop a sampling scheme on the sphere that permits accurate computation of the spherical harmonic transform and its inverse for signals band-limited at $L$ using only $L^2$ samples. We obtain the optimal number of samples given by the degrees of freedom of the signal in harmonic space. The number of samples required in our scheme is a factor of two or four fewer than existing techniques, which require either $2L^2$ or $4L^2$ samples. We note, however, that we do not recover a sampling theorem on the sphere, where spherical harmonic transforms are theoretically exact. Nevertheless, we achieve high accuracy even for very large band-limits. For our optimal-dimensionality sampling scheme, we develop a fast and accurate algorithm to compute the spherical harmonic transform (and inverse), with computational complexity comparable with existing schemes in practice. We conduct numerical experiments to study in detail the stability, accuracy and computational complexity of the proposed transforms. We also highlight the advantages of the proposed sampling scheme and associated transforms in the context of potential applications.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Single-cell analysis of patient-derived PDAC organoids reveals cell state heterogeneity and a conserved developmental hierarchy
Creators: name: Krieger, Teresa G.
name: Le Blanc, Solange
name: Jabs, Julia
name: Ten, Foo Wei
name: Ishaque, Naveed
name: Jechow, Katharina
name: Debnath, Olivia
name: Leonhardt, Carl-Stephan
name: Giri, Anamika
name: Eils, Roland
name: Strobel, Oliver
name: Conrad, Christian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
subject: tumor heterogeneity
subject: in vitro studies
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Pancreatic tumors are frequently divided into basal and classical subtypes. Here, the authors use single cell sequencing to investigate organoids derived from pancreatic cancer tissue and find a hierarchy of distinct cell states, and classical and basal cells existing within the same tumor. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer mortality by 2030. Bulk transcriptomic analyses have distinguished 'classical' from 'basal-like' tumors with more aggressive clinical behavior. We derive PDAC organoids from 18 primary tumors and two matched liver metastases, and show that 'classical' and 'basal-like' cells coexist in individual organoids. By single-cell transcriptome analysis of PDAC organoids and primary PDAC, we identify distinct tumor cell states shared across patients, including a cycling progenitor cell state and a differentiated secretory state. Cell states are connected by a differentiation hierarchy, with 'classical' cells concentrated at the endpoint. In an imaging-based drug screen, expression of 'classical' subtype genes correlates with better drug response. Our results thus uncover a functional hierarchy of PDAC cell states linked to transcriptional tumor subtypes, and support the use of PDAC organoids as a clinically relevant model for in vitro studies of tumor heterogeneity.
Wavefront sets and polarizations on supermanifolds
Creators: name: Dappiaggi, Claudio
name: Gimperlein, Heiko
name: Murro, Simone
name: Schenkel, Alexander
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik

description: In this paper we develop the foundations for microlocal analysis on supermanifolds. Making use of pseudodifferential operators on supermanifolds as introduced by Rempel and Schmitt, we define a suitable notion of super wavefront set for superdistributions which generalizes Dencker's polarization sets for vector-valued distributions to supergeometry. In particular, our super wavefront sets detect polarization information of the singularities of superdistributions. We prove a refined pullback theorem for superdistributions along supermanifold morphisms, which as a special case establishes criteria when two superdistributions may be multiplied. As an application of our framework, we study the singularities of distributional solutions of a supersymmetric field theory.
Velocity filtration and temperature inversion in a system with long-range interactions
Creators: name: Casetti, Lapo
name: Gupta, Shamik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Temperature inversion due to velocity filtration, a mechanism originally proposed to explain the heating of the solar corona, is demonstrated to occur also in a simple paradigmatic model with long-range interactions, the Hamiltonian mean-field model. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that when the system settles into an inhomogeneous quasi-stationary state in which the velocity distribution has suprathermal tails, the temperature and density profiles are anticorrelated: denser parts of the system are colder than dilute ones. We argue that this may be a generic property of long-range interacting systems.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures, epj macros
title: Vergleich von Open Source Frameworks in Java und .Net zur Anbindung an Open Source Infrastrukturkomponenten einer Microservice Architektur
title: Welche Aspekte müssen Infrastrukturkomponenten in einer Mikroservice Architektur abdecken und wie ist die Anbindung mit Hilfe der Frameworks in Java und .Net im Vergleich
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Bauer, Simon
Publisher: name: FH CAMPUS 02 (CAMPUS 02 Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: Diese Masterarbeit untersucht, welche Aspekte zum Betreiben einer Microservice Architektur notwendig sind. Die Realisierung kann mit Hilfe von Open Source Infrastrukturkomponenten erfolgen. Es werden Frameworks in Java und .NET zur Anbindung an diese untersucht und anhand eines Kriterienkatalogs verglichen.
description: This master thesis examines relevant aspects of a microservice architecture. These aspects can be implemented by open source infrastructure components. Frameworks in Java and .NET connecting those components are investigated with a catalog of criterias and compared with each other.
Patterns of Lymphocytic Infiltrates Can Differentiate Feline Hepatic Lymphoma from Lymphocytic Portal Hepatitis
Creators: name: Sebastian, Kimberley
name: Smedley, Rebecca C.
name: Bartel, Alexander
name: Kiupel, Matti
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: feline
subject: hepatic lymphoma
subject: portal lymphocytic hepatitis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Hepatic lymphoma is poorly characterized in cats and differentiating between inflammation and lymphomas is often difficult. The diagnosis of hepatic lymphoma in humans relies on recognition of specific patterns of lymphocytic infiltrates and clonality testing of antigen receptors. Herein, we defined similar patterns of lymphocytic infiltrates in hepatic biopsies of cats and correlated them with clonality to determine which patterns are predictive of lymphoma. A retrospective study was performed on surgical biopsies from 44 cats. The immunophenotype was characterized using CD3 and CD20 on all 44 samples. All 44 samples were tested using PCR for T-cell receptor gamma-gene rearrangements. PCR for immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements was performed on 24 of these cats. Four patterns of lymphocytic infiltrates were characterized: (1) tightly periportal, (2) periportal and centrilobular, (3) nodular, and (4) periportal with sinusoidal extension. Other histomorphologic features (fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, bile ductopenia, bile duct targeting, hepatic hematopoiesis, lipogranulomas, lymphonodular aggregates, other inflammatory cells) were also evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the lymphocytic patterns to diagnose lymphomas were determined using Bayesian Hui–Walter analysis (BLCM) against clonality results. Lymphocytic patterns 2, 3, and 4 accurately diagnosed hepatic lymphomas with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% (CI 95%: 0.65, 0.96) and 77% (CI 95%: 0.54, 1.00), respectively. None of the other microscopic features evaluated were predictive of a lymphoma or inflammation. Our study identified specific patterns of lymphocytic infiltration that differentiate feline hepatic lymphoma from inflammation while other histologic features were not associated with an accurate diagnosis.