cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Macrophage Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion is Enhanced Following Interaction with Autologous Platelets
Creators: name: Fischer, Thomas H.
name: Scull, Christopher M
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2010

description: Abstract Background Macrophages are the dominant phagocyte at sites of wound healing and inflammation, and the cellular and acellular debris encountered by macrophages can have profound effects on their inflammatory profile. Following interaction with apoptotic cells, macrophages are known to switch to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Activated platelets, however, are also a major component of inflammatory lesions and have been proposed to be pro-inflammatory mediators. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that macrophage interaction with activated platelets results in an inflammatory response that differs from the response following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Methods Human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) were co-incubated with autologous activated platelets (AAPs) and the platelet-macrophage interaction was examined by electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23 were also measured during LPS-activated hMDM co-incubation with AAPs, which was compared to co-incubation with apoptotic lymphocytes. Cytokine secretion was also compared to platelets pre-treated with the gluococorticoid dexamethasone. Results Macrophages trapped and phagocytized AAPs utilizing a mechanism that was significantly inhibited by the scavenger receptor ligand fucoidan. LPS-induced macrophage secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-23 was inhibited by co-incubation with apoptotic cells, but enhanced by co-incubation with AAPs. The platelet-dependent enhancement of LPS-induced cytokines could be reversed by pre-loading the platelets with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Conclusions The interaction of human macrophages with autologous platelets results in scavenger-receptor-mediated platelet uptake and enhancement of LPS-induced cytokines. Therefore, the presence of activated platelets at sites of inflammation may exacerbate pro-inflammatory macrophage activation. The possibility of reversing macrophage activation with dexamethasone-loaded platelets is a promising therapeutic approach to treating unresolved inflammation.
Self-reported recall and daily diary-recorded measures of weight monitoring adherence: associations with heart failure-related hospitalization
Creators: name: Cene, Crystal
name: Hawk, Victoria
name: DeWalt, Darren A
name: Holmes, George M.
name: Broucksou, Kimberly A
name: Jones, Christine D
name: Erman, Brian
name: Wu, Jia-Rong
name: Pignone, Michael
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2014

description: Abstract Background Weight monitoring is an important element of HF self-care, yet the most clinically meaningful way to evaluate weight monitoring adherence is uncertain. We conducted this study to evaluate the association of (1) self-reported recall and (2) daily diary-recorded weight monitoring adherence with heart failure-related (HF-related) hospitalization. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study among 216 patients within a randomized trial of HF self-care training. All patients had an initial self-care training session followed by 15 calls (median) to reinforce educational material; patients were also given digital scales, instructed to weigh daily, record weights in a diary, and mail diaries back monthly. Weight monitoring adherence was assessed with a self-reported recall question administered at 12 months and dichotomized into at least daily versus less frequent weighing. Diary-recorded weight monitoring was evaluated over 12 months and dichotomized into ≥80% and <80% adherence. HF-related hospitalizations were ascertained through patient report and confirmed through record review. Results Over 12 months in 216 patients, we identified 50 HF-related hospitalizations. Patients self-reporting daily or more frequent weight monitoring had an incidence rate ratio of 1.34 (95% CI 0.24-7.32) for HF-related hospitalizations compared to those reporting less frequent weight monitoring. Patients who completed ≥80% of weight diaries had an IRR of 0.37 (95% CI 0.18-0.75) for HF-related hospitalizations compared to patients who completed <80% of weight diaries. Conclusions Self-reported recall of weight monitoring adherence was not associated with fewer HF hospitalizations. In contrast, diary-recorded adherence ≥80% of days was associated with fewer HF-related hospitalizations. Incorporating diary-based measures of weight monitoring adherence into HF self-care training programs may help to identify patients at risk for HF-related hospitalizations.
Association between arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead levels in private wells and birth defects prevalence in North Carolina: a semi-ecologic study
Creators: name: Desrosiers, Tania
name: Warren, Joshua
name: Meyer, Robert
name: Fry, Rebecca
name: Sanders, Alison P
name: Herring, Amy
name: Olshan, Andrew
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2014

description: Abstract: Background: Toxic metals including arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead are known human developmental toxicants that are able to cross the placental barrier from mother to fetus. In this population-based study, we assess the association between metal concentrations in private well water and birth defect prevalence in North Carolina. Methods: A semi-ecologic study was conducted including 20,151 infants born between 2003 and 2008 with selected birth defects (cases) identified by the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program, and 668,381 non-malformed infants (controls). Maternal residences at delivery and over 10,000 well locations measured for metals by the North Carolina Division of Public Health were geocoded. The average level of each metal was calculated among wells sampled within North Carolina census tracts. Individual exposure was assigned as the average metal level of the census tract that contained the geocoded maternal residence. Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the association between the prevalence of birth defects in the highest category (≥90th percentile) of average census tract metal levels and compared to the lowest category (≤50th percentile). Results: Statewide, private well metal levels exceeded the EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) or secondary MCL for arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and lead in 2.4, 0.1, 20.5, and 3.1 percent of wells tested. Elevated manganese levels were statistically significantly associated with a higher prevalence of conotruncal heart defects (PR: 1.6 95% CI: 1.1-2.5). Conclusions: These findings suggest an ecologic association between higher manganese concentrations in drinking water and the prevalence of conotruncal heart defects.
Interference Effects in Higgs production through Vector Boson Fusion in the Standard Model and its Singlet Extension
Creators: name: Ballestrero, Alessandro
name: Maina, Ezio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interference effects play an important role in Electroweak Physics. They are responsible for the restoration of unitarity al large energies. When, as is often the case, higher order corrections are only available for some particular subamplitude, interferences need to be carefully computed in order to obtain the best theoretical prediction. In the new proposal to estimate the total Higgs width from the off shell cross section, the interference between the Higgs signal and the background is essential. It has been recently pointed out in gluon fusion that whenever more than one neutral, CP even, scalars are present in the spectrum large cancellations can occur. We extend these studies to Vector Boson Scattering, examining interference effects in the Higgs sector in the Standard Model and its one Higgs Singlet extension.
Constraints on the virtual Compton scattering on the nucleon in a new dispersive formalism
Creators: name: Caprini, Irinel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dispersive representation of the virtual Compton forward scattering amplitude has been recently reexamined in connection with the evaluation of the Cottingham formula for the proton-neutron electromagnetic mass difference. The most difficult part of the analysis is related to one of the invariant amplitudes, denoted as $T_1(ν, Q^2)$, which requires a subtraction in the standard dispersion relation with respect to the energy $ν$ at fixed photon momentum squared $q^2=-Q^2$. We propose an alternative dispersive framework, which implements analyticity and unitarity by combining the Cauchy integral relation at low and moderate energies with the modulus representation of the amplitude at high energies. Using techniques of functional analysis, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the consistency with analyticity of the subtraction function $S_1(Q^2)=T_1(0, Q^2)$, the electron-proton cross sections measured at low and moderate energies and the Regge model assumed to be valid at high energies. From this condition we obtain model-independent constraints on the subtraction function, confronting them with the available information on nucleon magnetic polarizabilities and results reported recently in the literature. The formalism can be used also for testing the existence of a fixed pole at $J=0$ in the angular momentum plane, but more accurate data are necessary for a definite answer.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. Minor changes, additional references, title slightly changed, matches the version published in PRD
Kvadratisk. Praktisk. God - historien om værdien af Det danske Kvadratnet
Creators: name: Larsen, Hans Ravnkjær
name: Sommer, Erik
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2012

description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 5 No 10 (2006): Geodata - før, nu og fremtiden
Crossing borders without leaving – sharing secure data internationally. The UKDS SecureLab - GESIS Secure Data Centre connection, and its first use case
Creators: name: Wiltshire, Deborah
name: Lichtwardt, Beate
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: International data sharing, TRE, sensitive data, international data access

description: This blog outlines a key outcome of the Social Sciences and Humanities Open Cloud (SSHOC) Project that set up a bi-lateral data access agreement between the UK Data Service and GESIS. This agreement allows researchers in the UK to access a range of sensitive data held by the GESIS Secure Data Center via the UKDS SecureLab Safe Room in Essex, UK, and researchers in Germany to access a range of sensitive data held by the UK Data Service SecureLab via the Safe Rooms in Cologne and Mannheim. The connection went live in April 2022 and welcomed its first researcher visit later that year.
Udvikling af DAnsk Infrastruktur for Stedbestemt Information (DAISI) under den digitale forvaltnings vinger
Creators: name: Brande-Lavridsen, Hanne
name: Jensen, Bent Hulegaard
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2012

description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 5 No 10 (2006): Geodata - før, nu og fremtiden
GPS tracking af personer i byem - en komponent i et luftkvalitetssystem
Creators: name: Hvidberg, Martin
name: Jensen, Steen Solvang
name: Berkowicz, Ruwin
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2012

description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 5 No 9 (2006): GIS i tiden
The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope I: Introduction
Creators: name: Rieke, G. H.
name: Wright, G. S.
name: Boeker, T.
name: Bouwman, J.
name: Colina, L.
name: Glasse, Alistair
name: Gordon, K. D.
name: Greene, T. P.
name: Guedel, Manual
name: Henning, Th.
name: Justtanont, K.
name: Lagage, P. -O.
name: Meixner, M. E.
name: Norgaard-Nielsen, H. -U.
name: Ray, T. P.
name: Ressler, M. E.
name: van Dishoeck, E. G.
name: Waelkens, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MIRI (the Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)) operates from 5 to 28.5 microns and combines over this range: 1.) unprecedented sensitivity levels; 2.) sub-arcsec angular resolution; 3.) freedom from atmospheric interference; 4.) the inherent stability of observing in space; and 5.) a suite of versatile capabilities including imaging, low and medium resolution spectroscopy (with an integral field unit), and coronagraphy. We illustrate the potential uses of this unique combination of capabilities with various science examples: 1.) imaging exoplanets; 2.) transit and eclipse spectroscopy of exoplanets; 3.) probing the first stages of star and planet formation, including identifying bioactive molecules; 4.) determining star formation rates and mass growth as galaxies are assembled; and 5.) characterizing the youngest massive galaxies. This paper is the introduction to a series of ten covering all aspects of the instrument.
Mid- to late Cretaceous Microbiostratigraphy, Palaeo-ecology and Palaeogeography of the Sergipe Basin, northeastern Brazil
Creators: name: Koutsoukos, Eduardo Apostólos Machado
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 1989

description: The palaeo-ecology and biostratigraphy of foraminiferal, radiolarian and diatom assemblages have been studied through the upper Aptian to Maastrichtian sedimentary succession of the Sergipe Basin, northeastern Brazil. The systematic taxonomy of the microfauna studied is documented and completely revised. Palaeo-environmental models, mostly derived from micropalaeontological and sedimentological criteria, are proposed for the distribution of the foraminiferal morphogroups. The palaeogeographic reconstruction of the studied area, from the upper Aptian to Maastrichtian, is presented. A refined microbiostratigraphic zonation scheme, based on all sections studied, is proposed and primarily defined for regional application. The composition and distribution patterns of the foraminiferal assemblages (diversity and abundance of morphogroups) are shown to be a direct response to overall palaeoceanographic conditions and to community strategies of exploitation of the trophic resources in the microhabitats. The foraminifera recovered - from the oldest, late Aptian, marine sediments reveal a characteristic Tethyan affinity and suggest that this area had at least minimal surface water exchange with low latitude central North Atlantic-western Tethyan bioprovinces, even possibly at intermediate (epi- to mesopelagic) water depths.
Examining the impact of genetic testing for type 2 diabetes on health behaviors: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Voils, Corrine I
name: Scheuner, Maren
name: Blanpain, Francoise
name: Grubber, Janet M
name: Ginsburg, Geoffrey S
name: Edelman, David
name: Yancy, William S
name: Cho, Alex
name: Gallagher, M
name: Maciejewski, Matthew L
name: Coffman, Cynthia J
name: Sadeghpour, Azita
name: McKenzie, Jamiyla
name: Sandelowski, Margarete
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2012

description: Abstract Background We describe the study design, procedures, and development of the risk counseling protocol used in a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of genetic testing for diabetes mellitus (DM) on psychological, health behavior, and clinical outcomes. Methods/Design Eligible patients are aged 21 to 65 years with body mass index (BMI) ≥27 kg/m2 and no prior diagnosis of DM. At baseline, conventional DM risk factors are assessed, and blood is drawn for possible genetic testing. Participants are randomized to receive conventional risk counseling for DM with eye disease counseling or with genetic test results. The counseling protocol was pilot tested to identify an acceptable graphical format for conveying risk estimates and match the length of the eye disease to genetic counseling. Risk estimates are presented with a vertical bar graph denoting risk level with colors and descriptors. After receiving either genetic counseling regarding risk for DM or control counseling on eye disease, brief lifestyle counseling for prevention of DM is provided to all participants. Discussion A standardized risk counseling protocol is being used in a randomized trial of 600 participants. Results of this trial will inform policy about whether risk counseling should include genetic counseling. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01060540
Is the Last Always the Best?
Creators: name: Lamb, Colleen
name: Rodriguez, Daniela
name: Chavez, Norma
name: Marinez, Samantha
name: Hernandez, Destiny
name: Calin-Jageman, Robert
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: chocolate
subject: last best
subject: salient endings

description: This research study aims to replicate O'Brien and Ellsworth's study (2012) regarding salient endings and enjoyment. We hypothesize that salient endings produce stronger feelings of enjoyment
Вопросы устойчивого развития общества,Выпуск 4 МКСВ 2023
Creators: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Publisher: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Year: 2023

description: Вопросы устойчивого развития общества,Выпуск 4 МКСВ 2023
Evaluation of a maternity waiting home and community education program in two districts of Malawi
Creators: name: Kim, Eunsoo T
name: Phoya, Ann
name: Singh, Kavita
name: Speizer, Ilene S
name: Lemani, Clara
name: Tang, Jennifer H
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract
                Background
                The implementation of Maternity Waiting Homes (MWHs) is a strategy to bring vulnerable women close to a health facility towards the end of their pregnancies. To date, while MWHs are a popular strategy, there is limited evidence on the role that MWHs play in reaching women most in need. This paper contributes to this topic by examining whether two program-supported MWHs in Malawi are reaching women in need and if there are changes in women reached over time.
                Methods
                Two rounds of exit interviews (2015 and 2017) were conducted with women within 3 months of delivery and included both MWH users and non-MWH users. These exit interviews included questions on sociodemographic factors, obstetric risk factors and use of health services. Bivariate statistics were used to compare MWH users and non-MWH users at baseline and endline and over time. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine what factors were associated with MWH use, and Poisson regression was used to study factors associated with HIV knowledge. Descriptive data from discharge surveys were used to examine satisfaction with the MWH structure and environment over time.
                Results
                Primiparous women were more likely to use a MWH compared to women of parity 2 (p < 0.05). Women who were told they were at risk of a complication were more likely to use a MWH compared to those who were not told they were at risk (p < 0.05). There were also significant findings for wealth and time to a facility, with poorer women and those who lived further from a facility being more likely to use a MWH. Attendance at a community event was associated with greater knowledge of HIV (p < 0.05).
                Conclusions
                MWHs have a role to play in efforts to improve maternal health and reduce maternal mortality. Education provided within the MWHs and through community outreach can improve knowledge of important health topics. Malawi and other low and middle income countries must ensure that health facilities affiliated with the MWHs offer high quality services.
Electroproduction ratios of Baryon-Meson states and Strangeness Suppression
Creators: name: Santopinto, E.
name: Bijker, R.
name: García-Tecocoatzi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the electroproduction ratios of baryon-meson states from nucleon, inferring from the sea quarks in the nucleon using an extension of the quark model that takes into account the sea. As a result we provide, with no adjustable parameters, the predictions of ratios of exclusive meson-baryon final states:$ΛK^+$, $Σ^{*}K$, $ΣK$, $pπ^0$, and $nπ^+$. These predictions are in agreement with the new Jlab experimental data showing that sea quarks play an important role in the electroproduction. We also predicted further ratios of exclusive reactions that can be measured and tested in future experiments. In particular, we suggested new experiments on deuterium and tritium. Such measurements can provide crucial test of different predictions concerning the structure of nucleon and its sea quarks helping to solve an outstanding problem. Finally, we computed the so called strangeness suppression factor, $λ_s$, that is the suppression of strange quark-antiquarks compared to nonstrange pairs, and we found that our finding with this simple extension of the quark model is in good agreement with the results of Jlab and CERN experiments.
description: 4 pages, 1figure
Spin current evolution in the separated spin-up and spin-down quantum hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Trukhanova, Mariya Iv.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed the quantum hydrodynamic model that describes particles with spin-up and with spin-down in separate. We have derived the equation of the spin current evolution as a part of the set of the quantum hydrodynamics (QHD) equations that treat particles with different projection of spin on the preferable direction as two different species. We have studied orthogonal propagation of waves in the external magnetic field and determined the contribution of quantum corrections due to the Bohm potential and to magnetization energy of particles with different projections of spin in the spin current wave dispersion. We have analyzed the limits of weak and strong magnetic fields.
Constraints on millicharged particles by neutron stars
Creators: name: Huang, Xi
name: Zheng, Xiao-Ping
name: Wang, Wei-Hua
name: Li, Shao-Ze
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constrained the charge-mass ($\varepsilon-m$) phase space of millicharged particles through the simulation of the rotational evolution of neutron stars, where an extra slow-down effect due to the accretions of millicharged dark matter particles is considered. For a canonical neutron star of $M=1.4~M_{\odot}$ and $R=10~{\rm km}$ with typical magnetic field strength $B_{0}=10^{12}$ G, we have shown an upper limit of millicharged particles, which is compatible with recently experimental and observational bounds. Meanwhile, we have also explored the influences on the $\varepsilon-m$ phase space of millicharged particles for different magnetic fields $B_{0}$ and dark matter density $ρ_{\rm{DM}}$ in the vicinity of the neutron star.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Oral and sublingual immunotherapy for food allergy
Creators: name: Burks, A W
name: Le, Uyenphuong H
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2014

description: Abstract IgE-mediated food allergy is a potentially life-threatening allergic disease with an increase in prevalence in developed countries over the past 15 years. Currently, there are no approved forms of therapy and the standard of care is dietary restriction and ready access to emergency medications, such as self-injectable epinephrine and antihistamines. Allergen-specific modalities of treatment currently being studied include oral immunotherapy (OIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Both forms demonstrate the ability to desensitize patients to a variety of specific food allergens and show great promise. However, more research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of OIT and SLIT prior to routine use in clinical practice.
A Study of Fluctuations of Voids in Relativistic Ion-Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Ahmad, Shakeel
name: Khan, M. M.
name: Khan, Shaista
name: Khatun, A.
name: Irfan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Event-by-event fluctuations (ebe) of hadronic patterns are investigated in terms of voids by analyzing the experimental data on 4.5, 14.5 and 60A GeV/c 16O-AgBr collisions. The findings are compared with the predictions of a multi-phase transport AMPT model. Dependence of voids on phase space bin width is examined in terms of two lowest moments of event-by-event fluctuations of voids, and Sq. The findings reveal that scaling exponent estimated from the observed power-law behavior of the voids may be used to characterize the various properties of hadronic phase transition. The results also rule out occurrence of 2nd order quark-hadron phase transition at the projectile energies considered.
Studying 750 GeV Di-photon Resonance at Photon-Photon Collider
Creators: name: Ito, Hayato
name: Moroi, Takeo
name: Takaesu, Yoshitaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent LHC discovery of the di-photon excess at the invariant mass of ~ 750 GeV, we study the prospect of investigating the scalar resonance at a future photon-photon collider. We show that, if the di-photon excess observed at the LHC is due to a new scalar boson coupled to the standard-model gauge bosons, such a scalar boson can be observed and studied at the photon-photon collider with the center-of-mass energy of ~ 1 TeV in large fraction of parameter space.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures. v2:Fig.1 corrected, discussions and references added. v3: version published in PLB
Gene conversion yields novel gene combinations in paralogs of GOT1 in the copepod Tigriopus californicus
Creators: name: Willett, Christopher
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2013

description: Abstract Background Gene conversion of duplicated genes can slow the divergence of paralogous copies over time but can also result in other interesting evolutionary patterns. Islands of genetic divergence that persist in the face of gene conversion can point to gene regions undergoing selection for new functions. Novel combinations of genetic variation that differ greatly from the original sequence can result from the transfer of genetic variation between paralogous genes by rare gene conversion events. Genetically divergent populations of the copepod Tigriopus californicus provide an excellent model to look at the patterns of divergence among paralogs across multiple independent evolutionary lineages. Results In this study the evolution of a set of paralogous genes encoding putative aspartate transaminase proteins (called GOT1 here) are examined in populations of the copepod T. californicus. One pair of duplicated genes, GOT1p1 and GOT1p2, has regions of high divergence between the copies in the face of apparent on-going gene conversion. The GOT1p2 gene also has unique haplotypes in two populations that appear to have resulted from a transfer of genetic variation via inter-paralog gene conversion. A second pair of duplicated genes GOT1Sr and GOT1Sd also shows evidence of gene conversion, but this gene conversion does not appear to have maintained each as a functional copy in all populations. Conclusions The patterns of conservation and sequence divergence across this set of paralogous genes among populations of T. californicus suggest that some interesting evolutionary patterns are occurring at these loci. The results for the GOT1p1/GOT1p2 paralogs illustrate how gene conversion can factor in the creation of a mosaic pattern of regions of high divergence and low divergence. When coupled with rare gene conversion events of divergent regions, this pattern can result in the formation of novel proteins differing substantially from either original protein. The evolutionary patterns across these paralogs show how gene conversion can both constrain and facilitate diversification of genetic sequences.
Automated assembly of large double-sided microstrip detector modules of the CBM Silicon Tracking System at FAIR
Creators: name: Pfistner, P.
name: Blank, T.
name: Speck, R.
name: Weber, M.
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2019

description: The detector modules of the Silicon Tracking System of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR comprise double-sided silicon microstrip sensors with a size of up to 124 mm x 62 mm. Due to tight material budget constraints, the sensors are connected to the read-out electronics by long flexible microcables. As manual assembly of the modules is time-consuming and difficult, a fully customized in-house bonder machine has been developed which allows for a highly automated detector module assembly. We present the requirements and the setup of the bonder machine together with the achieved alignment accuracy and first assemblies.
ART adherence changes among patients in community substance use treatment: a preliminary analysis from MACH14
Creators: name: Golin, Carol E.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2012

description: Abstract Background Opiate substitution treatment has been associated with better adherence to lifesaving antiretroviral medications, but the impact of other substance abuse treatment on adherence is unknown. Findings In this study, 215 patients who had been in adherence-focused research studies provided electronically-measured adherence data and a measure of whether the patient had recently been in substance abuse treatment. Recent engagement in substance abuse treatment was independently associated with significantly higher adherence, after covarying for recent substance use and other factors potentially affecting adherence. Conclusions The findings suggest that substance abuse treatment is associated with better adherence. Potential mechanisms by which substance abuse treatment improves adherence, such as more stability or more future-orientation, require further study.
Brugerundersøgelser med GPS, Eksempler fra parkundersøgelser i Aalborg
Creators: name: Nielsen, Thomas Sick
name: Harder, Henrik
name: Bro, Peter
name: Simonsen, Anders Kvist
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2012

description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 7 No 14 (2008): GIS, transport og trafik
Normalized solutions for a system of coupled cubic Schrödinger equations on $\mathbb{R}^3$
Creators: name: Bartsch, Thomas
name: Jeanjean, Louis
name: Soave, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J50

description: We consider the system of coupled elliptic equations \[ \begin{cases} -Δu - λ_1 u = μ_1 u^3+ βu v^2 \\ -Δv- λ_2 v = μ_2 v^3 +βu^2 v \end{cases} \text{in $\mathbb{R}^3$}, \] and study the existence of positive solutions satisfying the additional condition \[ \int_{\mathbb{R}^3} u^2 = a_1^2 \quad \text{and} \quad \int_{\mathbb{R}^3} v^2 = a_2^2. \] Assuming that $a_1,a_2,μ_1,μ_2$ are positive fixed quantities, we prove existence results for different ranges of the coupling parameter $β>0$. The extension to systems with an arbitrary number of components is discussed, as well as the orbital stability of the corresponding standing waves for the related Schrödinger systems.
Gaussian trivial ring extensions and fqp-rings
Creators: name: Couchot, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let A be a commutative ring and E a non-zero A-module. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the trivial ring extension R of A by E to be either arithmetical or Gaussian. The possibility for R to be B{é}zout is also studied, but a response is only given in the case where pSpec A (a quotient space of Spec} A) is totally disconnected. Trivial ring extensions which are fqp-rings are characterized only in the local case. To get a general result we intoduce the class of fqf-rings satisfying a weaker property than fqp-ring. Moreover, it is proven that the finitistic weak dimension of a fqf-ring is 0, 1 or 2 and its global weak dimension is 0, 1 or infinite.
Scalar field critical collapse in 2+1 dimensions
Creators: name: Jałmużna, Joanna
name: Gundlach, Carsten
name: Chmaj, Tadeusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out numerical experiments in the critical collapse of a spherically symmetric massless scalar field in 2+1 spacetime dimensions in the presence of a negative cosmological constant and compare them against a new theoretical model. We approximate the true critical solution as the $n=4$ Garfinkle solution, matched at the lightcone to a Vaidya-like solution, and corrected to leading order for the effect of $Λ<0$. This approximation is only $C^3$ at the lightcone and has three growing modes. We {\em conjecture} that pointwise it is a good approximation to a yet unknown true critical solution that is analytic with only one growing mode (itself approximated by the top mode of our amended Garfinkle solution). With this conjecture, we predict a Ricci-scaling exponent of $γ=8/7$ and a mass-scaling exponent of $δ=16/23$, compatible with our numerical experiments.
description: 27 pages
Black hole unitarity and antipodal entanglement
Creators: name: Hooft, Gerard 't
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hawking particles emitted by a black hole are usually found to have thermal spectra, if not exactly, then by a very good approximation. Here, we argue differently. It was discovered that spherical partial waves of in-going and out-going matter can be described by unitary evolution operators independently, which allows for studies of space-time properties that were not possible before. Unitarity dictates space-time, as seen by a distant observer, to be topologically non-trivial. Consequently, Hawking particles are only locally thermal, but globally not: we explain why Hawking particles emerging from one hemisphere of a black hole must be 100 % entangled with the Hawking particles emerging from the other hemisphere. This produces exclusively pure quantum states evolving in a unitary manner, and removes the interior region for the outside observer, while it still completely agrees locally with the laws of general relativity. Unitarity is a starting point; no other assumptions are made. Region I and the diametrically opposite region II of the Penrose diagram represent antipodal points in a PT or CPT relation, as was suggested before. On the horizon itself, antipodal points are identified. A candidate instanton is proposed to describe the formation and evaporation of virtual black holes of the type described here. Some important explanations and discussion points are added. In the latest of the paper, again some minor inaccuracies are corrected.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Enhancing organizational capacity to provide cancer control programs among Latino churches: design and baseline findings of the CRUZA Study
Creators: name: Jandorf, Lina
name: Linnan, Laura
name: Allen, Jennifer D
name: Negron, Rosalyn
name: Torres, Maria I
name: Tom, Laura S
name: Leyva, Bryan
name: Rustan, Sarah
name: Ospino, Hosffman
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Background Faith-based organizations (FBOs) have been successful in delivering health promotion programs for African Americans, though few studies have been conducted among Latinos. Even fewer have focused on organizational change, which is required to sustain community-based initiatives. We hypothesized that FBOs serving Latinos would be more likely to offer evidence-based strategies (EBS) for cancer control after receiving a capacity enhancement intervention to implement health programs, and designed the CRUZA trial to test this hypothesis. This paper describes the CRUZA design and baseline findings. Methods We identified Catholic parishes in Massachusetts that provided Spanish-language mass (n = 65). A baseline survey assessed organizational characteristics relevant to adoption of health programs, including readiness for adoption, “fit” between innovation and organizational mission, implementation climate, and organizational culture. In the next study phase, parishes that completed the baseline assessment will be recruited to a randomized cluster trial, with the parish as the unit of analysis. Both groups will receive a Program Manual and Toolkit. Capacity Enhancement parishes will also be offered technical support, assistance forming health committees and building inter-institutional partnerships, and skills-based training. Results Of the 49 parishes surveyed at baseline (75%), one-third (33%) reported having provided at least one health program in the prior year. However, only two program offerings were cancer-specific. Nearly one-fifth (18%) had an active health ministry. There was a high level of organizational readiness to adopt cancer control programs, high congruence between parish missions and CRUZA objectives, moderately conducive implementation climates, and organizational cultures supportive of CRUZA programming. Having an existing health ministry was significantly associated with having offered health programs within the past year. Relationships between health program offerings and other organizational characteristics were not statistically significant. Conclusions Findings suggest that many parishes do not offer cancer control programs, yet many may be ready to do so. However, the perceptions about existing organizational practices and policies may not be conducive to program initiation. A capacity enhancement intervention may hold promise as a means of increasing health programming. The efficacy of such an intervention will be tested in phase two of this study.
Suppression of narrow-band transparency in a metasurface induced by a strongly enhanced electric field
Creators: name: Tamayama, Yasuhiro
name: Hamada, Keisuke
name: Yasui, Kanji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We realize a suppression of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) like transmission in a metasurface induced by a local electric field that is strongly enhanced based on two approaches: squeezing of electromagnetic energy in resonant metasurfaces and enhancement of electromagnetic energy density associated with a low group velocity. The EIT-like metasurface consists of a pair of radiatively coupled cut-wire resonators, and it can effect both field enhancement approaches simultaneously. The strongly enhanced local electric field generates an air discharge plasma at either of the gaps of the cut-wire resonators, which causes the EIT-like metasurface to change into two kinds of Lorentz type metasurfaces.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Differences between international recommendations on breastfeeding in the presence of HIV and the attitudes and counselling messages of health workers in Lilongwe, Malawi
Creators: name: Nkhoma, Jacqueline
name: Kazembe, Peter
name: Ahmed, Yusuf
name: Piwoz, Ellen G
name: Mtimuni, Beatrice
name: Jamieson, Denise J
name: Bentley, Margaret
name: van der Horst, Charles
name: Tohill, Beth
name: Corneli, Amy L
name: Ferguson, Yvonne
name: Moses, Agnes
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2006

description: Abstract Background To prevent postnatal transmission of HIV in settings where safe alternatives to breastfeeding are unavailable, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding followed by early, rapid cessation of breastfeeding. Only limited data are available on the attitudes of health workers toward this recommendation and the impact of these attitudes on infant feeding counselling messages given to mothers. Methods As part of the Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral, and Nutrition (BAN) clinical trial, we carried out an in-depth qualitative study of the attitudes, beliefs, and counselling messages of 19 health workers in Lilongwe, Malawi. Results Although none of the workers had received formal training, several reported having counseled HIV-positive mothers about infant feeding. Health workers with counselling experience believed that HIV-infected mothers should breastfeed exclusively, rather than infant formula feed, citing poverty as the primary reason. Because of high levels of malnutrition, all the workers had concerns about early cessation of breastfeeding. Conclusion Important differences were observed between the WHO recommendations and the attitudes and practices of the health workers. Understanding these differences is important for designing effective interventions.
On the reach of perturbative methods for dark matter density fields
Creators: name: Baldauf, Tobias
name: Schaan, Emmanuel
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mapping from Lagrangian to Eulerian space in the context of the Effective Field Theory (EFT) of Large Scale Structure. We compute Lagrangian displacements with Lagrangian Perturbation Theory (LPT) and perform the full non-perturbative transformation from displacement to density. When expanded up to a given order, this transformation reproduces the standard Eulerian Perturbation Theory (SPT) at the same order. However, the full transformation from displacement to density also includes higher order terms. These terms explicitly resum long wavelength motions, thus making the resulting density field better correlated with the true non-linear density field. As a result, the regime of validity of this approach is expected to extend that of the Eulerian EFT, and match that of the IR-resummed Eulerian EFT. This approach thus effectively enables a test of the IR-resummed EFT at the field level. We estimate the size of stochastic, non-perturbative contributions to the matter density power spectrum. We find that in our highest order calculation, at redshift z=0 the power spectrum of the density field is reproduced with an accuracy of 1 % (10 %) up to k=0.25 h/Mpc (k=0.46 h/Mpc). We believe that the dominant source of the remaining error is the stochastic contribution. Unfortunately, on these scales the stochastic term does not yet scale as $k^4$ as it does in the very low-k regime. Thus, modeling this contribution might be challenging.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
Alignment free characterization of 2D gratings
Creators: name: Madsen, Morten Hannibal
name: Boher, Pierre
name: Hansen, Poul-Erik
name: Jørgensen, Jan Friis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast characterization of 2-dimensional gratings is demonstrated using a Fourier lens optical system and a differential optimization algorithm. It is shown that both the grating specific parameters such as the basis vectors and the angle between them and the alignment of the sample, such as the rotation of the sample around the x-, y-, and z-axis, can be deduced from a single measurement. More specifically, the lattice vectors and the angle between them have been measured, while the corrections of the alignment parameters are used to improve the quality of the measurement, and hence reduce the measurement uncertainty. Alignment free characterization is demonstrated on both a 2D hexagonal grating with a period of 700 nm and a checkerboard grating with a pitch of 3000 nm. The method can also be used for both automatic alignment and in-line characterization of gratings.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Impressions of Relationship Images on Instagram: A Mixed Methods Study
Creators: name: Adams, Benjamin
name: Quadflieg, Susanne
name: Rowe, Angela
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Many users of image-based social media platforms – such as Facebook and Instagram – engage in spontaneous online social comparisons with others (for a review see Verduyn et al., 2020). So-called relationship comparisons (RCs) are particularly likely to occur on these platforms, given that posts featuring photographs of people displaying interpersonal affection (e.g., hugging or kissing) or spending quality time together (e.g., partying or travelling) are common (cf. Baxter & Pittman, 2001; Utz & Beukeboom, 2011). Though increasing evidence suggests that such photographs are highly effective at triggering RCs (cf. Morry et al., 2018), little is understood about how frequent these photograph-based comparisons are or what type of thoughts they entail. Therefore, the current study investigates Instagram users’ RCs in response to other people’s relationship photographs.
Borgerinddragelse i kommunal rekreativ planlægning - Udarbejdelse af et GIS baseret frilufts- og friluftsvisionskort i Hillerød Kommune
Creators: name: Caspersen, Ole Hjorth
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2012

description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 8 No 15 (2009): GIS og kommunikation
Romidepsin inhibits Ras-dependent growth transformation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and RIE-1 epithelial cells independently of Ras signaling inhibition
Creators: name: Healy, Kevin D
name: Der, Channing
name: Hanker, Ariella B
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract Background Despite intensive effort, currently no effective anti-Ras therapies have successfully reached clinical application. Previous studies suggest that the histone deacetylatse (HDAC) inhibitor romidepsin, which is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of multiple malignancies, can block Ras-dependent signaling and growth transformation. These studies suggest that mutational activation of Ras may be a useful biomarker for sensitivity to romidepsin and that the anti-tumor activity of this HDAC inhibitor may involve inhibition of Ras effector-mediated signaling. Results To rigorously assess romidepsin as an antagonist of Ras, we utilized two well-characterized cell models for Ras transformation. We found that romidepsin blocked the anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and RIE-1 epithelial cells transformed by all three Ras isoforms. However, romidepsin treatment also blocked growth transformation caused by other oncoproteins (B-Raf and ErbB2/Neu), suggesting that romidepsin is not selective for Ras. We also observed striking differences in romidepsin-mediated growth inhibition between transformed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts compared to RIE-1 epithelial cells, suggesting that the mechanism by which romidepsin blocks transformation is dependent on cellular context. Finally, we found that romidepsin did not inhibit Ras activation of the ERK and AKT effector pathways in NIH 3T3 and RIE-1 cells, suggesting that romidepsin does not directly antagonize Ras. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that romidepsin is not selective for Ras-transformed cells and that the anti-tumor activity of romidepsin is not due to direct inhibition of Ras function.