cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two-stage matching-adjusted indirect comparison
Creators: name: Remiro-Azócar, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Anchored covariate-adjusted indirect comparisons inform reimbursement decisions where there are no head-to-head trials between the treatments of interest, there is a common comparator arm shared by the studies, and there are patient-level data limitations. Matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) is the most widely used covariate-adjusted indirect comparison method. MAIC has poor precision and is inefficient when the effective sample size after weighting is small. A modular extension to MAIC, termed two-stage matching-adjusted indirect comparison (2SMAIC), is proposed. This uses two parametric models. One estimates the treatment assignment mechanism in the study with individual patient data (IPD), the other estimates the trial assignment mechanism. The resulting weights seek to balance covariates between treatment arms and across studies. A simulation study provides proof-of-principle in an indirect comparison performed across two randomized trials and explores the use of weight truncation in combination with MAIC for the first time. Despite enforcing randomization and knowing the true treatment assignment mechanism in the IPD trial, 2SMAIC yields improved precision and efficiency with respect to MAIC in all scenarios, while maintaining similarly low levels of bias. The two-stage approach is effective when sample sizes in the IPD trial are low, as it controls for chance imbalances in prognostic baseline covariates between study arms. It is not as effective when overlap between the trials' target populations is poor and the extremity of the weights is high. In these scenarios, truncation leads to substantial precision and efficiency gains but induces considerable bias. The combination of a two-stage approach with truncation produces the highest precision and efficiency improvements.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure. Minor revisions after submission to BMC Medical Research Methodology
Spreading dynamics on spatially constrained complex brain networks
Creators: name: O'Dea, Reuben
name: Crofts, Jonathan J.
name: Kaiser, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 92B05, 92B20

description: The study of dynamical systems defined on complex networks provides a natural framework with which to investigate myriad features of neural dynamics, and has been widely undertaken. Typically, however, networks employed in theoretical studies bear little relation to the spatial embedding or connectivity of the neural networks that they attempt to replicate. Here, we employ detailed neuroimaging data to define a network whose spatial embedding represents accurately the folded structure of the cortical surface of a rat and investigate the propagation of activity over this network under simple spreading and connectivity rules. By comparison with standard network models with the same coarse statistics, we show that the cortical geometry influences profoundly the speed propagation of activation through the network. Our conclusions are of high relevance to the theoretical modelling of epileptic seizure events, and indicate that such studies which omit physiological network structure risk simplifying the dynamics in a potentially significant way.
Multi-flavour SMBH seeding and evolution in cosmological environments
Creators: name: Spinoso, Daniele
name: Bonoli, Silvia
name: Valiante, Rosa
name: Schneider, Raffaella
name: Izquierdo-Villalba, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the genesis and evolution of super-massive black hole (SMBH) seeds through different formation channels, from PopIII remnants to massive seeds, modeled within the L-Galaxies semi-analytic code. We run the model on the Millennium-II simulation (MR-II) merger trees, as their halo-mass resolution (M_{vir,res}~10^7 Msun h^-1) allows to study in a cosmological volume (L_{box=100 Mpc h^-1) the evolution of atomic-cooling halos (T_{vir}>10^4 K) where intermediate-mass and heavy seeds are expected to form. We track the formation of these seeds according to spatial variations of the chemical and radiative feedback of star formation. Not being able to resolve the first mini-halos (T_{vir}~10^3 K), we inherit evolved PopIII remnants in a sub-grid fashion, using the results of the GQd model. We also include the formation of heavy seeds in gas-rich massive mergers, who are very rare in the MR-II volume. The descendants of light seeds numerically prevail among our SMBHs population at all masses and z. Heavier seeds form in dense environments where close neighbors provide the required UV illumination. Overall, our model produces a z=0 SMBHs population whose statistical properties meet current constraints. We find that the BH occupation fraction highly depends on the seeding efficiency and that the scaling relation between BH and stellar mass, in the dwarf-mass regime, is flatter than in the high-mass range. Finally, a fraction of BHs hosted in local dwarf galaxies never grow since they form at z>6.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Large-scale convective flow sustained by thermally active Lagrangian tracers
Creators: name: Agasthya, Lokahith
name: Bartel, Andreas
name: Biferale, Luca
name: Ehrhardt, Matthias
name: Toschi, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-isothermal particles suspended in a fluid lead to complex interactions -- the particles respond to changes in the fluid flow, which in turn is modified by their temperature anomaly. Here, we perform a novel proof-of-concept numerical study based on tracer particles that are thermally coupled to the fluid. We imagine that particles can adjust their internal temperature reacting to some local fluid properties and follow simple, hard-wired active control protocols. We study the case where instabilities are induced by switching the particle temperature from hot to cold depending on whether it is ascending or descending in the flow. A macroscopic transition from a stable to unstable convective flow is achieved, depending on the number of active particles and their excess negative/positive temperature. The stable state is characterized by a flow with low turbulent kinetic energy, strongly stable temperature gradient, and no large-scale features. The convective state is characterized by higher turbulent kinetic energy, self-sustaining large-scale convection, and weakly stable temperature gradients. The particles individually promote the formation of stable temperature gradients, while their aggregated effect induces large-scale convection. When the Lagrangian temperature scale is small, a weakly convective laminar system forms. The Lagrangian approach is also compared to a uniform Eulerian bulk heating with the same mean injection profile and no such transition is observed. Our empirical approach shows that thermal convection can be controlled by pure Lagrangian forcing and opens the way for other data-driven particle-based protocols to enhance or deplete large-scale motion in thermal flows.
Complete identification of complex salt geometries from inaccurate migrated subsurface offset gathers using deep learning
Creators: name: Muller, Ana Paula O.
name: Costa, Jesse C.
name: Bom, Clecio R.
name: Faria, Elisangela L.
name: Klatt, Matheus
name: Teixeira, Gabriel
name: de Albuquerque, Marcelo P.
name: de Albuquerque, Marcio P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Delimiting salt inclusions from migrated images is a time-consuming activity that relies on highly human-curated analysis and is subject to interpretation errors or limitations of the methods available. We propose to use migrated images produced from an inaccurate velocity model (with a reasonable approximation of sediment velocity, but without salt inclusions) to predict the correct salt inclusions shape using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our approach relies on subsurface Common Image Gathers to focus the sediments' reflections around the zero offset and to spread the energy of salt reflections over large offsets. Using synthetic data, we trained a U-Net to use common-offset subsurface images as input channels for the CNN and the correct salt-masks as network output. The network learned to predict the salt inclusions masks with high accuracy; moreover, it also performed well when applied to synthetic benchmark data sets that were not previously introduced. Our training process tuned the U-Net to successfully learn the shape of complex salt bodies from partially focused subsurface offset images.
description: Manuscript published at Geophysics
Successful Supersymmetric Dark Matter with Thermal Over/Under-Abundance from Late Decay of a Visible Sector Scalar
Creators: name: Allahverdi, Rouzbeh
name: Dutta, Bhaskar
name: Sinha, Kuver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an explicit model where the decay of an R-parity even scalar $S$ with ${\cal O}({\rm TeV})$ mass is the origin of non-thermal dark matter. The correct relic abundance can be produced for both large and small annihilation rates in accordance with the Fermi constraints on the annihilation cross-section. This scenario has advantages over that of non-thermal dark matter from modulus decay. First, branching ratio for production of R-parity odd particles can be made quite small by a combination of $S$ couplings to matter fields and kinematic suppression, enabling us to obtain the observed dark matter relic density in cases of thermal underproduction as well as overproduction. Second, gravitino production is naturally suppressed by the virtue of decaying scalar belonging to the visible sector. The decaying scalar $S$ can also successfully generate baryon asymmetry of the universe, and may provide an explanation for the baryon-dark matter coincidence puzzle.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Top-down formation of ethylene from fragmentation of superhydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Creators: name: Tang, Zeyuan
name: Simonsen, Frederik Doktor S.
name: Jaganathan, Rijutha
name: Palotás, Julianna
name: Oomens, Jos
name: Hornekær, Liv
name: Hammer, Bjørk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fragmentation is an important decay mechanism for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under harsh interstellar conditions and represents a possible formation pathway for small molecules such as H2, C2H2, C2H4. Our aim is to investigate the dissociation mechanism of superhydrogenated PAHs that undergo energetic processing and the formation pathway of small hydrocarbons. We obtain, experimentally, the mass distribution of protonated tetrahydropyrene (C16H15 , py+5H+) and protonated hexahydropyrene (C16H17+, py+7H+) upon collision induced dissociation (CID). The IR spectra of their main fragments are recorded by infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD). Extended tight-binding (GFN2-xTB) based molecular dynamics simulations are performed in order to provide the missing structure information in experiment and identify fragmentation pathways. The pathways for fragmentation are further investigated at a hybrid-density functional theory (DFT) and dispersion corrected level. A strong signal for loss of 28 mass units of py+7H+ is observed both in the CID experiment and the MD simulation, while py+5H+ shows negligible signal for the product corresponding to a mass loss of 28. The 28 mass loss from py+7H+ is assigned to the loss of ethylene (C2H4) and a good fit between the calculated and experimental IR spectrum of the resulting fragment species is obtained. Further DFT calculations show favorable kinetic pathways for loss of C2H4 from hydrogenated PAH configurations involving three consecutive CH2 molecular entities. This joint experimental and theoretical investigation proposes a chemical pathway of ethylene formation from fragmentation of superhydrogenated PAHs. This pathway is sensitive to hydrogenated edges (e.g. the degree of hydrogenation and the hydrogenated positions). The inclusion of this pathway in astrochemical models may improve the estimated abundance of ethylene.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Semi-discrete Lagrangian 2-forms and the Toda hierarchy
Creators: name: Sleigh, Duncan
name: Vermeeren, Mats
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a variational theory of integrable differential-difference equations (semi-discrete integrable systems). This is a natural extension of the ideas known by the names "Lagrangian multiforms" and "Pluri-Lagrangian systems", which have previously been established in both the fully discrete and fully continuous cases. The main feature of these ideas is to capture a hierarchy of commuting equations in a single variational principle. Our main example to illustrate the new semi-discrete theory of Lagrangian multiforms is the Toda lattice. This ODE describes the evolution in continuous time of a 1-dimensional lattice of particles with nearest-neighbour interaction. It is part of an integrable hierarchy of ODEs, each of which involves a derivative with respect to a continuous variable and a number of lattice shifts. We will use the Lagrangian multiform theory to derive PDEs in the continuous variables of the Toda hierarchy, which do not involve any lattice shifts. As a second example, we briefly discuss the semi-discrete potential KdV equation, which is related to the Volterra lattice.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure. v3: Accepted Manuscript. Extended introduction and various clarifications compared to v2
Additional file 1 of How to improve the quality of care for people on home mechanical ventilation from the perspective of healthcare professionals: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Klingshirn, Hanna
name: Gerken, Laura
name: Hofmann, Katharina
name: Heuschmann, Peter Ulrich
name: Haas, Kirsten
name: Schutzmeier, Martha
name: Brandstetter, Lilly
name: Ahnert, Jutta
name: Wurmb, Thomas
name: Kippnich, Maximilian
name: Reuschenbach, Bernd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Quantum extraordinary-log universality of boundary critical behavior
Creators: name: Sun, Yanan
name: Lv, Jian-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of extraordinary-log universality has generated intense interest in classical and quantum boundary critical phenomena. Despite tremendous efforts, the existence of quantum extraordinary-log universality remains extremely controversial. Here, by utilizing quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we study the quantum edge criticality of a two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model featuring emergent bulk criticality. On top of an insulating bulk, the open edges experience a Kosterlitz-Thouless-like transition into the superfluid phase when the hopping strength is sufficiently enhanced on edges. At the bulk critical point, the open edges exhibit the special, ordinary, and extraordinary critical phases. In the extraordinary phase, logarithms are involved in the finite-size scaling of two-point correlation and superfluid stiffness, which admit a classical-quantum correspondence for the extraordinary-log universality. Thanks to modern quantum emulators for interacting bosons in lattices, the edge critical phases might be realized in experiments.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Thinking inside The Box: Learning Hypercube Representations for Group Recommendation
Creators: name: Chen, Tong
name: Yin, Hongzhi
name: Long, Jing
name: Nguyen, Quoc Viet Hung
name: Wang, Yang
name: Wang, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As a step beyond traditional personalized recommendation, group recommendation is the task of suggesting items that can satisfy a group of users. In group recommendation, the core is to design preference aggregation functions to obtain a quality summary of all group members' preferences. Such user and group preferences are commonly represented as points in the vector space (i.e., embeddings), where multiple user embeddings are compressed into one to facilitate ranking for group-item pairs. However, the resulted group representations, as points, lack adequate flexibility and capacity to account for the multi-faceted user preferences. Also, the point embedding-based preference aggregation is a less faithful reflection of a group's decision-making process, where all users have to agree on a certain value in each embedding dimension instead of a negotiable interval. In this paper, we propose a novel representation of groups via the notion of hypercubes, which are subspaces containing innumerable points in the vector space. Specifically, we design the hypercube recommender (CubeRec) to adaptively learn group hypercubes from user embeddings with minimal information loss during preference aggregation, and to leverage a revamped distance metric to measure the affinity between group hypercubes and item points. Moreover, to counteract the long-standing issue of data sparsity in group recommendation, we make full use of the geometric expressiveness of hypercubes and innovatively incorporate self-supervision by intersecting two groups. Experiments on four real-world datasets have validated the superiority of CubeRec over state-of-the-art baselines.
description: SIGIR'22
Electron and proton acceleration during the first ground level enhancement of solar cycle 24
Creators: name: Li, C.
name: Firoz, Kazi A.
name: Sun, L. P.
name: Miroshnichenko, L. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy particles were recorded by near-Earth spacecraft and ground-based neutron monitors (NMs) on 2012 May 17. This event was the first ground level enhancement (GLE) of solar cycle 24. In this study, we try to identify the acceleration source(s) of solar energetic particles by combining in situ particle measurements from the WIND/3DP, GOES 13, and solar cosmic rays registered by several NMs, as well as remote-sensing solar observations from SDO/AIA, SOHO/LASCO, and RHESSI. We derive the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) path length (1.25 +/- 0.05 AU) and solar particle release time (01:29 +/- 00:01 UT) of the first arriving electrons by using their velocity dispersion and taking into account contamination effects. We found that the electron impulsive injection phase, indicated by the dramatic change in the spectral index, is consistent with flare non-thermal emission and type III radio bursts. Based on the potential field source surface concept, modeling of the open-field lines rooted in the active region has been performed to provide escape channels for flare-accelerated electrons.Meanwhile, relativistic protons are found to be released 10 minutes later than the electrons, assuming their scatter-free travel along the same IMF path length. Combining multi-wavelength imaging data of the prominence eruption and coronal mass ejection (CME), we obtain evidence that GLE protons, with an estimated kinetic energy of 1.12 GeV, are probably accelerated by the CME-driven shock when it travels to 3.07 solar radii. The time-of-maximum spectrum of protons is typical for shock wave acceleration.
Structure of quantum vortex tangle in He-4 counterflow turbulence
Creators: name: Kondaurova, Luiza
name: L'vov, Victor
name: Pomyalov, Anna
name: Procaccia, Itamar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main goal of this paper is to present a comprehensive characterization of well developed vortex tangles in a turbulent counterflow in quantum fluids (with a laminar normal fluid component). We analyze extensive numerical simulations using the vortex filament method, solving the full Biot-Savart equations for the vortex dynamics in a wide range of temperatures and counter-flow velocities. In addition to a detailed analysis of traditional characteristics such as vortex line density, anisotropic and curvature parameters of the vortex tangle, we stress other dynamical and statistical characteristics which are either much less studied or even unstudied. The latter include reconnection rates, mean mutual friction forces, drift velocities and the probability distribution functions of various tangle parameters: the loop length, the line curvature, the mean curvature of loops with a given length, etc. During these studies we compare the three main reconnection procedures which are widely used in the literature, and identify which properties are strongly affected by the choice of the reconnection criteria and which of them are practically insensitive to the reconnection procedure. The conclusion is that the vortex filament method in the framework of the Biot-Savart equation sufficiently robust and well suited for the description of the steady state vortex tangle in a quantum counterflow. The Local-Induction Approximation to this equation may be successfully used to analytically establish relationships between mean characteristics of the stochastic vortex tangle.
description: 26 pages, 21 figs, v2: presentation is improved
The Physics of sPHENIX
Creators: name: Sickles, Anne M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jet related observables have been some of the most powerful and exciting probes for understanding the matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. Full jet reconstruction was begun at RHIC, and the LHC experiments have shown the power and kinematic reach of these observables. Here we discuss the sPHENIX detector and physics program which aims to bring full calorimetric based jet reconstruction to RHIC in order to explore the temperature dependence of the strongly interacting Quark Gluon Plasma.
description: invited talk given at Hot Quarks 2012, Copamarina, Puerto Rico, October 2012
Torsion-induced chiral magnetic current in equilibrium
Creators: name: Amitani, Tatsuya
name: Nishida, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study equilibrium transport properties of massless Dirac fermions at finite temperature and chemical potential in spacetime accompanied by torsion, which in four dimensions couples with Dirac fermions as an axial gauge field. In particular, we compute the current density at the linear order in the torsion as well as in an external magnetic field with the Pauli-Villars regularization, finding that an equilibrium current akin to the chiral magnetic current is locally induced. Such torsion can be realized in condensed matter systems along a screw dislocation line, around which localized and extended current distributions are predicted so as to be relevant to Dirac and Weyl semimetals. Furthermore, we compute the current density at the linear order in the torsion as well as in a Weyl node separation, which turns out to vanish in spite of being allowed from the symmetry perspective. Contrasts of our findings with torsion-induced currents from previous work are also discussed.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures; published version
Additional file 1 of Course and predictors of posttraumatic stress-related symptoms among family members of deceased ICU patients during the first year of bereavement
Creators: name: Tang, Siew Tzuh
name: Huang, Chung-Chi
name: Hu, Tsung-Hui
name: Chou, Wen-Chi
name: Chuang, Li-Pang
name: Chiang, Ming Chu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Comparisons of patient characteristics at enrollment.
Momentum polarization: an entanglement measure of topological spin and chiral central charge
Creators: name: Tu, Hong-Hao
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Qi, Xiao-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topologically ordered states are quantum states of matter with topological ground state degeneracy and quasi-particles carrying fractional quantum numbers and fractional statistics. The topological spin $θ_a=2πh_a$ is an important property of a topological quasi-particle, which is the Berry phase obtained in the adiabatic self-rotation of the quasi-particle by $2π$. For chiral topological states with robust chiral edge states, another fundamental topological property is the edge state chiral central charge $c$. In this paper we propose a new approach to compute the topological spin and chiral central charge in lattice models by defining a new quantity named as the momentum polarization. Momentum polarization is defined on the cylinder geometry as a universal subleading term in the average value of a "partial translation operator". We show that the momentum polarization is a quantum entanglement property which can be computed from the reduced density matrix, and our analytic derivation based on edge conformal field theory shows that the momentum polarization measures the combination $h_a-\frac{c}{24}$ of topological spin and central charge. Numerical results are obtained for two example systems, the non-Abelian phase of the honeycomb lattice Kitaev model, and the $ν=1/2$ Laughlin state of a fractional Chern insulator described by a variational Monte Carlo wavefunction. The numerical results verifies the analytic formula with high accuracy, and further suggests that this result remains robust even when the edge states cannot be described by a conformal field theory. Our result provides a new efficient approach to characterize and identify topological states of matter from finite size numerics.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 2 of Course and predictors of posttraumatic stress-related symptoms among family members of deceased ICU patients during the first year of bereavement
Creators: name: Tang, Siew Tzuh
name: Huang, Chung-Chi
name: Hu, Tsung-Hui
name: Chou, Wen-Chi
name: Chuang, Li-Pang
name: Chiang, Ming Chu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Family caregiver characteristics at enrollment.
Choosability of the square of a planar graph with maximum degree four
Creators: name: Cranston, Daniel W.
name: Erman, Rok
name: Škrekovski, Riste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study squares of planar graphs with the aim to determine their list chromatic number. We present new upper bounds for the square of a planar graph with maximum degree $Δ\leq 4$. In particular $G^2$ is 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 12-, 14-choosable if the girth of $G$ is at least 16, 11, 9, 7, 5, 3 respectively. In fact we prove more general results, in terms of maximum average degree, that imply the results above.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures; fixed typo
Spatial Monitoring and Insect Behavioural Analysis Using Computer Vision for Precision Pollination
Creators: name: Ratnayake, Malika Nisal
name: Amarathunga, Don Chathurika
name: Zaman, Asaduz
name: Dyer, Adrian G.
name: Dorin, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Insects are the most important global pollinator of crops and play a key role in maintaining the sustainability of natural ecosystems. Insect pollination monitoring and management are therefore essential for improving crop production and food security. Computer vision facilitated pollinator monitoring can intensify data collection over what is feasible using manual approaches. The new data it generates may provide a detailed understanding of insect distributions and facilitate fine-grained analysis sufficient to predict their pollination efficacy and underpin precision pollination. Current computer vision facilitated insect tracking in complex outdoor environments is restricted in spatial coverage and often constrained to a single insect species. This limits its relevance to agriculture. Therefore, in this article we introduce a novel system to facilitate markerless data capture for insect counting, insect motion tracking, behaviour analysis and pollination prediction across large agricultural areas. Our system is comprised of edge computing multi-point video recording, offline automated multispecies insect counting, tracking and behavioural analysis. We implement and test our system on a commercial berry farm to demonstrate its capabilities. Our system successfully tracked four insect varieties, at nine monitoring stations within polytunnels, obtaining an F-score above 0.8 for each variety. The system enabled calculation of key metrics to assess the relative pollination impact of each insect variety. With this technological advancement, detailed, ongoing data collection for precision pollination becomes achievable. This is important to inform growers and apiarists managing crop pollination, as it allows data-driven decisions to be made to improve food production and food security.
description: Accepted to be published in the International Journal of Computer Vision (Acceptance date: 7th November 2022) 21 pages, 8 figures
Representation of singular fields without asymptotic enrichment in the extended finite element method
Creators: name: Natarajan, Sundararajan
name: Song, Chongmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we replace the asymptotic enrichments around the crack tip in the extended finite element method (XFEM) with the semi-analytical solution obtained by the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). The proposed method does not require special numerical integration technique to compute the stiffness matrix and it improves the capability of the XFEM to model cracks in homogeneous and/or heterogeneous materials without a priori knowledge of the asymptotic solutions. A heaviside enrichment is used to represent the jump across the discontinuity surface. We call the method as the extended scaled boundary finite element method (xSBFEM). Numerical results presented for a few benchmark problems in the context of linear elastic fracture mechanics show that the proposed method yields accurate results with improved condition number. A simple MATLAB code is annexed to compute the terms in the stiffness matrix, which can easily be integrated in any existing FEM/XFEM code.
Additional file 1 of Integrative, multi-omics, analysis of blood samples improves model predictions: applications to cancer
Creators: name: Ponzi, Erica
name: Thoresen, Magne
name: Haugdahl Nøst, Therese
name: Møllersen, Kajsa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Different filtering methods on the NOWAC dataset.
Universal Kardar-Parisi-Zhang dynamics in integrable quantum systems
Creators: name: Ye, Bingtian
name: Machado, Francisco
name: Kemp, Jack
name: Hutson, Ross B.
name: Yao, Norman Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the Bethe ansatz solution of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model dates back nearly a century, the anomalous nature of its high-temperature transport dynamics has only recently been uncovered. Indeed, numerical and experimental observations have demonstrated that spin transport in this paradigmatic model falls into the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class. This has inspired the significantly stronger conjecture that KPZ dynamics, in fact, occur in all integrable spin chains with non-Abelian symmetry. Here, we provide extensive numerical evidence affirming this conjecture. Moreover, we observe that KPZ transport is even more generic, arising in both supersymmetric and periodically-driven models. Motivated by recent advances in the realization of SU(N)-symmetric spin models in alkaline-earth-based optical lattice experiments, we propose and analyze a protocol to directly investigate the KPZ scaling function in such systems.
description: 7+13 pages, 3+13 figures
Introduction of NFDI4ING's archetype Fiona at the All-Hands-Meeting 2024
Creators: name: Moser, Mario
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: RDM
Research Data Management
NFDI4ING
Data Mesh

description: NFDI4ING is the National Research Data Infrastructure for the Engineering Sciences. The address the various engineering disciplines (ranging from mechanical engineering and electrical engineering to civil engineering, among others), NFDI4ING is using a research method driven approach in form of prototypical researchers, the so-called archetypes. 

In this presentation, the archetype Fiona is introduced and pitched. For the second funding period of NFDI4ING, Fiona is leveraging existing datasets for her analysis, although this data is distributed in various repositories and different formats. The presentation has been held at the NFDI4ING All-Hands-Meeting 2024 in Hannover. The idea is driven by the Data Mesh data management approach from industry, although adaptions for Research Data Management (RDM) might be required. 

 

 
description: Mario Moser would like to thank the Federal Government and the Heads of Government of the Länder, as well as the Joint Science Conference (GWK), for their funding and support within the framework of the NFDI4ING consortium. Funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) – project number 442146713.
Spin and Spectral Variations of Peculiar High-Mass X-ray Binary 4U 2206+54
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin properties and spectral variations of high mass X-ray binary 4U 2206+54 are studied with long-term hard X-ray monitoring observations by INTEGRAL. A long-period X-ray pulsar of P_spin\sim 5558 s has been identified in 4U 2206+54. The spin evolution of the neutron star in 4U 2206+54 is detected with the INTEGRAL/IBIS data. From 2005 to 2011, the spin period of the neutron star in 4U 2206+54 varies from \sim 5558 s to 5588 s. The average spin-down rate in the last 20 years is derived as \sim 5\times 10^{-7} s s^{-1}. 4U 2206+54 is a variable source with luminosities of \sim 10^{35} - 10^{36} erg s^{-1} in the range of 3 -- 100 keV. Its spectrum can be described by an absorbed power-law model with exponential rolloff. The hydrogen column density and photon index show the anti-correlations with hard X-ray luminosity: low column density and small photon index at maximum of luminosity. This spectral variation pattern suggests that 4U 2206+54 would be a highly obscured binary system. Furthermore, the possible cyclotron line features are searched for in the spectra of different luminosities. The possible cyclotron absorption feature around 30 keV is not confirmed in our work. The physical origin and evolutional track of this very slow pulsation neutron star are still unclear. We suggest that 4U 2206+54 would be a young system with the long-term spin-down trend, would evolve to a longer spin period range and transit to the spin-up phase similar to 2S 0114+65. These very slow pulsation X-ray pulsars would belong to a new class of compact objects -- accreting magnetars.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Integrative, multi-omics, analysis of blood samples improves model predictions: applications to cancer
Creators: name: Ponzi, Erica
name: Thoresen, Magne
name: Haugdahl Nøst, Therese
name: Møllersen, Kajsa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Effect of initial ranks on the proportion of variance explained.
The codimension 2 null cut locus with applications to spacetime topology
Creators: name: Galloway, Gregory J.
name: Ling, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we review and extend some results in the literature pertaining to spacetime topology while naturally utilizing properties of the codimension 2 null cut locus. Our results fall into two classes, depending on whether or not one assumes the presence of horizons. Included among the spacetimes we consider are those that apply to the asymptotically (locally) AdS setting.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure. v2 accepted to JMP
title: Familienzentren in Nordrhein-Westfalen
title: Aktuelle Entwicklungen
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Stöbe-Blossey, Sybille
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2018

description: Auf den Punkt ...
Seit 2006 werden in Nordrhein-Westfalen Kindertageseinrichtungen zu Familienzentren weiter entwickelt, welche ein sozialraumorientiertes Angebot an Beratung, Bildung und Unterstützung aufbauen.
Das Angebotsspektrum ist je nach Familienzentrum unterschiedlich gestaltet. Es orientiert sich von der Grundlage her am Gütesiegel Familienzentren, wird jedoch bedarfsorientiert weiter entwickelt.
Im Vergleich zu früheren Untersuchungen spiegelt die vorliegende Befragung einen hohen Stellenwert der niederschwelligen Begleitung von Familien (etwa bei Arzt- und Ämterangelegenheiten) und der Zusammenarbeit mit Therapeut/inn/en (bspw. Logopädie, Ergotherapie).
Die Leitung erfüllt eine zentrale Funktion für die Aufgabenwahrnehmung im Familienzentrum. Zum Teil haben sich unterschiedliche Formen der Spezialisierung im Team herausgebildet. Die Einbindung von Ehrenamt spielt eine marginale Rolle.
Additional file 1 of Differential DNA methylation and changing cell-type proportions as fibrotic stage progresses in NAFLD
Creators: name: Johnson, Nicholas D.
name: Wu, Xiumei
name: Still, Christopher D.
name: Chu, Xin
name: Petrick, Anthony T.
name: Gerhard, Glenn S.
name: Conneely, Karen N.
name: DiStefano, Johanna K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary materials.
Focusing on Warm Dark Matter with Lensed High-redshift Galaxies
Creators: name: Pacucci, Fabio
name: Mesinger, Andrei
name: Haiman, Zoltan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel use of high-redshift galaxies, discovered in deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) fields around strong lensing clusters. These fields probe small comoving volumes (about 1000 cubic Mpc) at high magnification (μ > 10), and can detect otherwise inaccessible ultra-faint galaxies. Even a few galaxies found in such small volumes require a very high number density of collapsed dark matter (DM) halos. This implies significant primordial power on small scales, allowing these observations to rule out popular alternatives to standard cold dark matter (CDM) models, such as warm dark matter (WDM). In this work, we analytically compute WDM halo mass functions at z = 10, including the effects of both particle free-streaming and residual velocity dispersion. The preliminary number density corresponding to the two galaxies at z about 10 already detected by the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) constrains the WDM particle mass to m_x > 1 (0.9) keV at 84% (99.9%) confidence limit (for a thermal relic relativistic at decoupling). This limit depends only on the WDM halo mass function and, unlike previous constraints on m_x, is independent of any astrophysical modeling. The forthcoming HST Frontier Fields can significantly tighten these constraints.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures - Accepted for publication on MNRAS Letters
From dissipationless to normal diffusion in easy-axis Heisenberg spin chain
Creators: name: Prelovšek, P.
name: Nandy, S.
name: Lenarčič, Z.
name: Mierzejewski, M.
name: Herbrych, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous spin diffusion of the integrable easy-axis Heisenberg chain originates in the ballistic transport of symmetry sectors with nonzero magnetization. Ballistic transport is replaced by normal dissipative transport in all magnetization sectors upon introducing the integrability-breaking perturbations, including external driving. Such behavior implies that the diffusion constant obtained for the integrable model is relevant for the spread of spin excitations but not for the spin conductivity. We present numerical results for closed systems and driven open systems, indicating that the diffusion constant shows a discontinuous variation as the function of perturbation strength.
Additional file 2 of A scoping review of registry captured indicators for evaluating quality of critical care in ICU
Creators: name: Jawad, Issrah
name: Rashan, Sumayyah
name: Sigera, Chathurani
name: Salluh, Jorge
name: Dondorp, Arjen M.
name: Haniffa, Rashan
name: Beane, Abi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary File 1: Definitions of unique quality indicators and evidence grading [29–50, 52–69, 72–74, 76–145].
Grammar Detection for Sentiment Analysis through Improved Viterbi Algorithm
Creators: name: Chavali, Surya Teja
name: Kandavalli, Charan Tej
name: M, Sugash T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Grammar Detection, also referred to as Parts of Speech Tagging of raw text, is considered an underlying building block of the various Natural Language Processing pipelines like named entity recognition, question answering, and sentiment analysis. In short, forgiven a sentence, Parts of Speech tagging is the task of specifying and tagging each word of a sentence with nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and more. Sentiment Analysis may well be a procedure accustomed to determining if a given sentence's emotional tone is neutral, positive or negative. To assign polarity scores to the thesis or entities within phrase, in-text analysis and analytics, machine learning and natural language processing, approaches are incorporated. This Sentiment Analysis using POS tagger helps us urge a summary of the broader public over a specific topic. For this, we are using the Viterbi algorithm, Hidden Markov Model, Constraint based Viterbi algorithm for POS tagging. By comparing the accuracies, we select the foremost accurate result of the model for Sentiment Analysis for determining the character of the sentence.
description: Updating the current work
Parameters Optimization for Improving ASR Performance in Adverse Real World Noisy Environmental Conditions
Creators: name: Shrawankar, Urmila
name: Thakare, Vilas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: From the existing research it has been observed that many techniques and methodologies are available for performing every step of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system, but the performance (Minimization of Word Error Recognition-WER and Maximization of Word Accuracy Rate- WAR) of the methodology is not dependent on the only technique applied in that method. The research work indicates that, performance mainly depends on the category of the noise, the level of the noise and the variable size of the window, frame, frame overlap etc is considered in the existing methods. The main aim of the work presented in this paper is to use variable size of parameters like window size, frame size and frame overlap percentage to observe the performance of algorithms for various categories of noise with different levels and also train the system for all size of parameters and category of real world noisy environment to improve the performance of the speech recognition system. This paper presents the results of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Accuracy test by applying variable size of parameters. It is observed that, it is really very hard to evaluate test results and decide parameter size for ASR performance improvement for its resultant optimization. Hence, this study further suggests the feasible and optimum parameter size using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) for enhancing resultant accuracy in adverse real world noisy environmental conditions. This work will be helpful to give discriminative training of ubiquitous ASR system for better Human Computer Interaction (HCI).
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables
Supplementary file: Intracellular biocompatible hexagonal boron nitride quantum emitters as single-photon sources and barcodes
Creators: name: Kavčič, Aljaž
name: Podlipec, Rok
name: Vella, Daniele
name: Humar, Matjaž
Publisher: name: Rodare
Year: 2023

description: Supplementary information