cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Critical Behavior in Light Nuclear Systems: Experimental Aspects
Creators: name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Natowitz, J. B.
name: Wada, R.
name: Hagel, K.
name: Wang, J.
name: Keutgen, T.
name: Majka, Z.
name: Murray, M.
name: Qin, L.
name: Smith, P.
name: Alfaro, R.
name: Cibor, J.
name: Cinausero, M.
name: Masri, Y. El
name: Fabris, D.
name: Fioretto, E.
name: Keksis, A.
name: Lunardon, M.
name: Makeev, A.
name: Marie, N.
name: Martin, E.
name: Martinez-Davalos, A.
name: Menchaca-Rocha, A.
name: Nebbia, G.
name: Prete, G.
name: Rizzi, V.
name: Ruangma, A.
name: Shetty, D. V.
name: Souliotis, G.
name: Staszel, P.
name: Veselsky, M.
name: Viesti, G.
name: Winchester, E. M.
name: Yennello, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extensive experimental survey of the features of the disassembly of a small quasi-projectile system with $A \sim$ 36, produced in the reactions of 47 MeV/nucleon $^{40}$Ar + $^{27}$Al, $^{48}$Ti and $^{58}$Ni, has been carried out. Nuclei in the excitation energy range of 1-9 MeV/u have been investigated employing a new method to reconstruct the quasi-projectile source. At an excitation energy $\sim$ 5.6 MeV/nucleon many observables indicate the presence of maximal fluctuations in the de-excitation processes. The fragment topological structure shows that the rank sorted fragments obey Zipf's law at the point of largest fluctuations providing another indication of a liquid gas phase transition. The caloric curve for this system shows a monotonic increase of temperature with excitation energy and no apparent plateau. The temperature at the point of maximal fluctuations is $8.3 \pm 0.5$ MeV. Taking this temperature as the critical temperature and employing the caloric curve information we have extracted the critical exponents $β$, $γ$ and $σ$ from the data. Their values are also consistent with the values of the universality class of the liquid gas phase transition. Taken together, this body of evidence strongly suggests a phase change in an equilibrated mesoscopic system at, or extremely close to, the critical point.
description: Physical Review C, in press; some discussions about the validity of excitation energy in peripheral collisions have been added; 24 pages and 32 figures; longer abstract in the preprint
Monolayer 2D semiconducting tellurides for high-mobility electronics
Creators: name: Banjade, Huta R.
name: Pan, Jinbo
name: Yan, Qimin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discovery and design of two-dimensional (2D) materials with suitable band gaps and high carrier mobility is of vital importance for photonics, optoelectronics, and high-speed electronics. In this work, based on first principles calculations using density functional theory (DFT) with PBE and HSE functionals, we introduce a family of monolayer isostructural semiconducting tellurides M2N2Te8, with M = {Ti, Zr, Hf} and N= {Si, Ge}. These compounds have been identified to possess direct band gaps from 1.0 eV to 1.31 eV, which are well suited for photonics and optoelectronics applications. Additionally, anisotropic in-plane transport behavior is observed and small electron and hole (0.11 - 0.15 me) effective masses are identified along the dominant transport direction. Ultra-high carrier mobility is predicted for this family of 2D compounds which host great promise for potential applications in high-speed electronic devices. Detailed analysis of electronic structures reveals the origins of the promising properties of this unique class of 2D telluride materials.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Decoherence suppression for oscillator-assisted geometric quantum gates via symmetrization
Creators: name: Cen, Li-Xiang
name: Zanardi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel symmetrization procedure to beat decoherence for oscillator-assisted quantum gate operations. The enacted symmetry is related to the global geometric features of qubits transformation based on ancillary oscillator modes, e.g. phonons in an ion-trap system. It is shown that the devised multi-circuit symmetrized evolution endows the system with a two-fold resilience against decoherence: insensitivity to thermal fluctuations and quantum dissipation.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
A Possible Aoki Phase for Staggered Fermions
Creators: name: Aubin, C.
name: Wang, Qinghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase diagram for staggered fermions is discussed in the context of the staggered chiral Lagrangian, extending previous work on the subject. When the discretization errors are significant, there may be an Aoki-like phase for staggered fermions, where the remnant SO(4) taste symmetry is broken down to SO(3). We solve explicitly for the mass spectrum in the 3-flavor degenerate mass case and discuss qualitatively the 2+1-flavor case. From numerical results we find that current simulations are outside the staggered Aoki phase. As for near-future simulations with more improved versions of the staggered action, it seems unlikely that these will be in the Aoki phase for any realistic value of the quark mass, although the evidence is not conclusive.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, uses RevTex
Ratios conjecture for quadratic Hecke $L$-functions in the Gaussian field
Creators: name: Gao, Peng
name: Zhao, Liangyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06, 11M41

description: We develope the $L$-functions ratios conjecture with one shift in the numerator and denominator in certain ranges for the family of quadratic Hecke $L$-functions in the Gaussian field using multiple Dirichlet series under the generalized Riemann hypothesis. We also obtain an asymptotical formula for the first moment of central values of the same family of $L$-functions, obtaining an error term of size $O(X^{1/2+\varepsilon})$.
description: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2207.03746
Additional file 1 of HIV knowledge, risky behaviours and public health care services attendance among adolescents from the Grassroot soccer Zimbabwe programme
Creators: name: Mzingwane, Mayibongwe Louis
name: Greanious Alfred Mavondo
name: Mantula, Fennie
name: Claudinos Mapfumo
name: Calleta Gwatiringa
name: Bhekimpilo Moyo
name: Primrose Dube
name: Chaibva, Cynthia Nombulelo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Participant questionnaire: Grassrootsoccer Zimbabwe (GRS ZW) SKILLZ programmes evaluation. Description of data: Questionnaire
Collimated high-energy photons and others possible observational effects of the photon angular and spectral distribution in gamma-ray bursts sources
Creators: name: Sokolov, V. V.
name: Kurt, V. G.
name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S.
name: Gnedin, Yu. N.
name: Baryshev, Yu. V.
name: Fatkhullin, T. A.
name: Lebedev, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Typical observational gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectra are discussed and, in this connection, what is the origin of the compactness problem and how it was solved at first. If the threshold for $e^{-}e^{+}$ pair production depends on an angle between photon momenta, then another solution of the compactness problem is possible. We discuss a possibility of the $γ$-rays collimation and the dependence of photon beaming on photon energies. The list of basic assumptions of the scenario describing the GRB source with energy $< 10^{49}$ ergs are adduced: the matter is about an alternative to the ultrarelativistic fireball if {\it all} long-duration GRBs are related or physically connected with {\it normal/unpeculiar} core-collapse supernovae (SNe). Namely, we consider the questions about radiation pressure and how the jet arises on account of even small asymmetry of the radiation field in a compact GRB source. The possibility of a new approach to explanation of GRB phenomenon is shown. Possible mechanisms of their generation in regions of size $< 10^8$cm are discussed (a compact model of GRBs). Observational consequences of the compact GRB energy release are considered.
description: he modified version for the journal. Two paragraphs were corrected near formula (1)
On Functional Hamilton-Jacobi and Schrödinger Equations and Functional Renormalization Group
Creators: name: Ivanov, M. G.
name: Kalugin, A. E.
name: Ogarkova, A. A.
name: Ogarkov, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Functional Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation, the central equation of the holographic renormalization group (HRG), functional Schrödinger equation, and generalized Wilson-Polchinski (WP) equation, the central equation of the functional renormalization group (FRG), are considered in $D$-dimensional coordinate and abstract (formal) spaces. Instead of extra coordinates or an FRG scale, a holographic scalar field $\varLambda$ is introduced. The extra coordinate (or scale) is obtained as the amplitude of delta-field or constant field configurations of $\varLambda$. A rigorous derivation of corresponding integro-differential equation hierarchies for Green functions (GFs) as well as the integration formula for functionals are given. Using the integration formula, the functional (arbitrary configuration of $\varLambda$) solution for the translation-invariant two-particle GF is obtained. For the delta-field and the constant field configurations of $\varLambda$ this solution is studied in detail. Separable solution for two-particle GF is briefly discussed. Then, rigorous derivation of the quantum HJ and the continuity functional equations from the functional Schrödinger equation as well as the semiclassical approximation are given. An iterative procedure for solving the functional Schrödinger equation is suggested. Translation-invariant solutions for various GFs (both hierarchies) on delta-field configuration of $\varLambda$ are obtained. In context of continuity equation and open quantum field systems an optical potential is briefly discussed. Modes coarse graining growth functional for WP functional is analyzed. An approximation scheme is proposed for the generalized WP equation. With an optimized regulator translation-invariant solutions for two-particle and four-particle amputated GFs from approximated WP hierarchy are found analytically.
description: 33 pages; v2: paragraphs added related to Reviewers comments; prepared for the special issue "Symmetry in Quantum Systems" of the journal Symmetry
title: Zmiany w podatku od towarów i usług w latach 2017–2018
Creators: name: Kopyściańska, Katarzyna
name: Skwierczyńska, Ewelina
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2019

description: The subject of consideration is the analysis of selected changes in the tax on goods and services, which is commonly referred to so called "sealing the system". It is a reaction to these behaviors of legal and economic turnover, which can be classified as abuse of the tax system. Increase of goods and services tax collection effectiveness required enhanced analytical activities of the tax office. It also increase the tax office ability to model, forecast and predict the phenomena of economic turnover, whose negative effects affect the efficiency of the tax system.

description: Przedmiotem rozważań jest analiza dokonanych, wybranych zmian w podatku od towarów i usług, które zwykło się powszechnie nazywać „uszczelnianiem systemu podatkowego”. Jest to reakcja na te zachowania obrotu prawno-gospodarczego, które można kwalifikować jako nadużycia systemu podatkowego. Zwiększenie skuteczności poboru podatku od towarów i usług wymagało nasilenia działań analitycznych aparatu skarbowego, zwiększenia jego zdolności modelowania, prognozowania i typowania zjawisk obrotu gospodarczego, których ujemne skutki oddziałują na efektywność systemu podatkowego.
$hp$-robust multigrid solver on locally refined meshes for FEM discretizations of symmetric elliptic PDEs
Creators: name: Innerberger, Michael
name: Miraçi, Ani
name: Praetorius, Dirk
name: Streitberger, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we formulate and analyze a geometric multigrid method for the iterative solution of the discrete systems arising from the finite element discretization of symmetric second-order linear elliptic diffusion problems. We show that the iterative solver contracts the algebraic error robustly with respect to the polynomial degree $p \ge 1$ and the (local) mesh size $h$. We further prove that the built-in algebraic error estimator which comes with the solver is $hp$-robustly equivalent to the algebraic error. The application of the solver within the framework of adaptive finite element methods with quasi-optimal computational cost is outlined. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical findings.
Modified BB84 quantum key distribution protocol robust to source imperfections
Creators: name: Pereira, Margarida
name: Currás-Lorenzo, Guillermo
name: Navarrete, Álvaro
name: Mizutani, Akihiro
name: Kato, Go
name: Curty, Marcos
name: Tamaki, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol is the most widely implemented quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme. However, despite enormous theoretical and experimental efforts in the past decades, the security of this protocol with imperfect sources has not yet been rigorously established. In this work, we address this shortcoming and prove the security of the BB84 protocol in the presence of multiple source imperfections, including state preparation flaws and side channels, such as Trojan-horse attacks, mode dependencies and classical correlations between the emitted pulses. To do so, we consider a modified BB84 protocol that exploits the basis mismatched events, which are often discarded in standard security analyses of this scheme; and employ the reference technique, a powerful mathematical tool to accommodate source imperfections in the security analysis of QKD. Moreover, we compare the achievable secret-key rate of the modified BB84 protocol with that of the three-state loss-tolerant protocol, and show that the addition of a fourth state, while redundant in ideal conditions, significantly improves the estimation of the leaked information in the presence of source imperfections, resulting in a better performance. This work demonstrates the relevance of the BB84 protocol in guaranteeing implementation security, taking us a step further towards closing the existing gap between theory and practice of QKD.
StyleFlow: Attribute-conditioned Exploration of StyleGAN-Generated Images using Conditional Continuous Normalizing Flows
Creators: name: Abdal, Rameen
name: Zhu, Peihao
name: Mitra, Niloy
name: Wonka, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: High-quality, diverse, and photorealistic images can now be generated by unconditional GANs (e.g., StyleGAN). However, limited options exist to control the generation process using (semantic) attributes, while still preserving the quality of the output. Further, due to the entangled nature of the GAN latent space, performing edits along one attribute can easily result in unwanted changes along other attributes. In this paper, in the context of conditional exploration of entangled latent spaces, we investigate the two sub-problems of attribute-conditioned sampling and attribute-controlled editing. We present StyleFlow as a simple, effective, and robust solution to both the sub-problems by formulating conditional exploration as an instance of conditional continuous normalizing flows in the GAN latent space conditioned by attribute features. We evaluate our method using the face and the car latent space of StyleGAN, and demonstrate fine-grained disentangled edits along various attributes on both real photographs and StyleGAN generated images. For example, for faces, we vary camera pose, illumination variation, expression, facial hair, gender, and age. Finally, via extensive qualitative and quantitative comparisons, we demonstrate the superiority of StyleFlow to other concurrent works.
description: "Project Page https://rameenabdal.github.io/StyleFlow Video: https://youtu.be/LRAUJUn3EqQ "
Scalar fields on SL(2,R) and H^2 x R geometric spacetimes and linear perturbations
Creators: name: Tanimoto, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using appropriate harmonics, we study the future asymptotic behavior of massless scalar fields on a class of cosmological vacuum spacetimes. The spatial manifold is assumed to be a circle bundle over a higher genus surface with a locally homogeneous metric. Such a manifold corresponds to the SL(2,R)-geometry (Bianchi VIII type) or the H^2 x R-geometry (Bianchi III type). After a technical preparation including an introduction of suitable harmonics for the circle-fibered Bianchi VIII to separate variables, we derive systems of ordinary differential equations for the scalar field. We present future asymptotic solutions for these equations in a special case, and find that there is a close similarity with those on the circle-fibered Bianchi III spacetime. We discuss implications of this similarity, especially to (gravitational) linear perturbations. We also point out that this similarity can be explained by the "fiber term dominated behavior" of the two models.
description: 23 pages, no figures, to be published in Class. Quant. Gravit
Babies or blastocysts, parents or progenitors? : Embryo donation and the concept of adoption
Creators: name: Baldassi, Cindy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Donating embryos to third parties who might otherwise have difficulty achieving pregnancy began in 1983, but the term "embryo adoption" surfaced as a descriptor only recently. To some, "embryo adoption" is merely a misnomer coined by anti-abortion advocates to enhance public support for the legal rights of fetuses and embryos. However, the concept of "adopting" an embryo is becoming a social fact, despite legitimate concerns about terminology, and may provide insight into the actual working of embryo donation (ED). For ED to be legal adoption, progenitors must be parents, and blastocysts must be babies. This thesis examines whether either proposition is true, legally or socially, taking account of the feminist literature on reproductive technology (RT) and adoption. Since ED is not about perpetuating genes, involves gestation and childbirth, and has less exploitative potential than both adoption and IVF, it could be a more feminist option for non-coital parenthood. Viewing ED through Canadian law on parentage exposes several inconsistencies and recent trends that overemphasize genetic ties. Historically, neither legal maternity nor paternity were based solely on genes. The thesis concludes the legal parentage of offspring from donated embryos might be uncertain in Canada due to a societal bias towards genes that affects jurisprudence, but is unlikely to be attributed to the progenitors once a baby is born. Progenitors are probably not legal parents. Many RT users prefer to avoid the appearance of adoption wherever possible; pre-conception intent to parent is the preferred public presentation of family formation. Studies of embryo and gamete donors and recipients demonstrate gender differences but some donors believe they are parents, and some recipients agree, even when asserting their own parental status. However, it is still unclear how different people really regard their embryos (as children? property? mere cells?) and how this affects donation behaviour. Ironically, insisting that embryo creators are parents in the "embryo adoption" construct may promote the alternative family constructs favoured by some feminists; that is, progenitors may simply be one type of parent in a world where multiple parents, sometimes with different roles, are gaining acceptance - if only for a minority.
What does the operator algebra of quantum statistics tell us about the objective causes of observable effects?
Creators: name: Hofmann, Holger F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum physics can only make statistical predictions about possible measurement outcomes, and these predictions originate from an operator algebra that is fundamentally different from the conventional definition of probability as a subjective lack of information regarding the physical reality of the system. In the present paper, I explore how the operator formalism accommodates the vast number of possible states and measurements by characterizing its essential function as a description of causality relations between initial conditions and subsequent observations. It is shown that any complete description of causality must involve non-positive statistical elements that cannot be associated with any directly observable effects. The necessity of non-positive elements is demonstrated by the uniquely defined mathematical description of ideal correlations which explains the physics of maximally entangled states, quantum teleportation and quantum cloning. The operator formalism thus modifies the concept of causality by providing a universally valid description of deterministic relations between initial states and subsequent observations that cannot be expressed in terms of directly observable measurement outcomes. Instead, the identifiable elements of causality are necessarily non-positive and hence unobservable. The validity of the operator algebra therefore indicates that a consistent explanation of the various uncertainty limited phenomena associated with physical objects is only possible if we learn to accept the fact that the elements of causality cannot be reconciled with a continuation of observable reality in the physical object.
description: 13 pages, feature article for the special issue of Entropy on Quantum Probability, Statistics and Control. Improved explanation of the U_SWAP equivalence in Eq.(11) and added comments and references in the section on quasi-probabilities
Additional file 1 of Predictors of visit frequency for patients using ongoing chiropractic care for chronic low back and chronic neck pain; analysis of observational data
Creators: name: Herman, Patricia M.
name: Edgington, Sarah E.
name: Hurwitz, Eric L.
name: Coulter, Ian D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix Table A.1. Results of the unconditional models; Appendix Table A.2. Average visit frequency for each category of each predictor variable in each sample; Appendix Table A.3. Models testing the options for insurance coverage and its effect on out-of-pocket visit costs; Appendix Table A.4. Full results of the final hierarchical linear models predicting chiropractic visit frequency for samples of patients with chronic low back pain and chronic neck pain.
Interpretable CNN-Multilevel Attention Transformer for Rapid Recognition of Pneumonia from Chest X-Ray Images
Creators: name: Chen, Shengchao
name: Ren, Sufen
name: Wang, Guanjun
name: Huang, Mengxing
name: Xue, Chenyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chest imaging plays an essential role in diagnosing and predicting patients with COVID-19 with evidence of worsening respiratory status. Many deep learning-based approaches for pneumonia recognition have been developed to enable computer-aided diagnosis. However, the long training and inference time makes them inflexible, and the lack of interpretability reduces their credibility in clinical medical practice. This paper aims to develop a pneumonia recognition framework with interpretability, which can understand the complex relationship between lung features and related diseases in chest X-ray (CXR) images to provide high-speed analytics support for medical practice. To reduce the computational complexity to accelerate the recognition process, a novel multi-level self-attention mechanism within Transformer has been proposed to accelerate convergence and emphasize the task-related feature regions. Moreover, a practical CXR image data augmentation has been adopted to address the scarcity of medical image data problems to boost the model's performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated on the classic COVID-19 recognition task using the widespread pneumonia CXR image dataset. In addition, abundant ablation experiments validate the effectiveness and necessity of all of the components of the proposed method.
description: Accepted by the IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatic, doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2023.3247949
Additional file 1 of Building collective power in citizen-led initiatives for health accountability in Guatemala: the role of networks
Creators: name: Hernández, Alison
name: Anna-Karin Hurtig
name: Goicolea, Isabel
name: Sebastián, Miguel San
name: Jerez, Fernando
name: Hernández-Rodríguez, Francisco
name: Flores, Walter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Social network analysis questionnaire.
Test particle motion around black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory
Creators: name: Turimov, Bobur
name: Rayimbayev, Javlon
name: Abdujabbarov, Ahmadjon
name: Ahmedov, Bobomurat
name: Stuchlík, Zdeněk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we explore the test particle motion around a black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMS) theory using three different black hole solutions within this theory. We have first analyzed the spacetime curvature structure of these solutions and shown the existence of two singularities and the first one is at the center $r=0$. In black hole spacetime, there are two regions divided by the critical value of the cosmological parameter $λ_0$. The photon sphere around the black hole in EMS theory has also been studied and found that it does not depend on cosmological parameter $λ$. We have analyzed the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) around the black hole and shown that for all solutions ISCO radius for neutral particle decreases with the increase of black hole charge. We have also studied the charged particle motion around the black hole where charged particle motion is considered in the presence of the gravitational field and the Coulomb potential. It is shown that ISCO radius for charged particles increases depending on the selected value of the coupling parameter which is in contradiction with observations of the inner edge of the accretion disks of the astrophysical black holes and can be used as a powerful tool to rule out the EMS theory from consideration for the gravitational field theory. It is also studied the fundamental frequencies governed by test particle orbiting around the black hole in EMS theory. Finally, as a test of black hole solution in EMS theory ISCO radii is compared with that in Kerr black hole and found that the spin parameter of Kerr can be mimic up to $a/M\simeq 0.936$.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, Published in Physical Review D
The stellar mass spectrum from non-isothermal gravoturbulent fragmentation
Creators: name: Jappsen, Anne-Katharina
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Larson, Richard B.
name: Li, Yuexing
name: Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying the processes that determine the initial mass function of stars (IMF) is a fundamental problem in star formation theory. One of the major uncertainties is the exact chemical state of the star forming gas and its influence on the dynamical evolution. Most simulations of star forming clusters use an isothermal equation of state (EOS). However, theoretical predictions and observations suggest that the effective polytropic exponent gamma in the EOS varies with density. We address these issues and study the effect of a piecewise polytropic EOS on the formation of stellar clusters in turbulent, self-gravitating molecular clouds using three-dimensional, smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. To approximate the results of published predictions of the thermal behavior of collapsing clouds, we increase the polytropic exponent gamma from 0.7 to 1.1 at some chosen density n_c, which we vary. The change of thermodynamic state at n_c selects a characteristic mass scale for fragmentation M_ch, which we relate to the peak of the observed IMF. Our investigation generally supports the idea that the distribution of stellar masses depends mainly on the thermodynamic state of the star-forming gas. The thermodynamic state of interstellar gas is a result of the balance between heating and cooling processes, which in turn are determined by fundamental atomic and molecular physics and by chemical abundances. Given the abundances, the derivation of a characteristic stellar mass can thus be based on universal quantities and constants.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted by A&A
Soft anomalous dimensions and resummation in QCD
Creators: name: Kidonakis, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss and review soft anomalous dimensions in QCD that describe soft-gluon threshold resummation for a wide range of hard-scattering processes. The factorization properties of the cross section in moment space and renormalization-group evolution are implemented to derive a general form for differential resummed cross sections. Detailed expressions are given for the soft anomalous dimensions at one, two, and three loops, including some new results, for a large number of partonic processes involving top quarks, electroweak bosons, Higgs bosons, and other particles in the Standard Model and beyond.
description: 31 pages; invited review paper; minor changes in v2
Extraordinary wetting phase diagram for mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Indekeu, J. O.
name: Van Schaeybroeck, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of wetting phase transitions in Bose-Einstein condensed gases is predicted on the basis of Gross-Pitaevskii theory. The surface of a binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates can undergo a first-order wetting phase transition upon varying the interparticle interactions, using, e.g., Feshbach resonances. Interesting ultralow-temperature effects shape the wetting phase diagram. The prewetting transition is, contrary to general expectations, not of first order but critical, and the prewetting line does not meet the bulk phase coexistence line tangentially. Experimental verification of these extraordinary results is called for, especially now that it has become possible, using optical methods, to realize a planar "hard wall" boundary for the condensates.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. in slightly shortened form
Configuration mixing in $^{188}$Pb : band structure and electromagnetic properties
Creators: name: Hellemans, V.
name: Fossion, R.
name: De Baerdemacker, S.
name: Heyde, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper, we carry out a detailed analysis of the presence and mixing of various families of collective bands in $^{188}$Pb. Making use of the interacting boson model, we construct a particular intermediate basis that can be associated with the unperturbed bands used in more phenomenological studies. We use the E2 decay to construct a set of collective bands and discuss in detail the B(E2)-values. We also perform an analysis of these theoretical results (Q, B(E2)) to deduce an intrinsic quadrupole moment and the associated quadrupole deformation parameter, using an axially deformed rotor model.
description: submitted to prc
Isomorph theory beyond thermal equilibrium
Creators: name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper generalizes isomorph theory to systems that are not in thermal equilibrium. The systems are assumed to be R-simple, i.e., have a potential energy that as a function of all particle coordinates $\textbf{R}$ obeys the hidden-scale-invariance condition $U(\textbf{R}_{\rm a})
String-theoretic unitary S-matrix at the threshold of black-hole production
Creators: name: Veneziano, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous results on trans-Planckian collisions in superstring theory are rewritten in terms of an explicitly unitary S-matrix whose range of validity covers a large region of the energy/impact-parameter plane. Amusingly, as part of this region's border is approached, properties of the final state start resembling those expected from the evaporation of a black-hole even well below its production threshold. More specifically, we conjecture that, in an energy window extending up such a threshold, inclusive cross sections satisfy a peculiar "anti-scaling" behaviour seemingly preparing for a smooth transition to black-hole physics.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures; typos corrected, references and acknowledgements updated, figures' explanation added in text
Nonadiabatic decoherence control of qubits strongly coupled to continuum edge
Creators: name: Pellegrin, S.
name: Kurizki, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for controlling the decoherence of a driven qubit that is strongly coupled to a reservoir, when the qubit resonance frequency is close to a continuum edge of the reservoir spectum. This strong-coupling regime is outside the scope of existing methods of decoherence control. We demonstate that an appropriate sequence of nearly abrupt changes of the resonance frequency can protect the qubit state from decay and decoherence more effectively than the intuitively obvious alternative, which is to fix the resonance well within a forbidden bandgap of the reservoir spectrum, as far as possible from the continuum edge. The "counterintuitive" nonadiabatic method outlined here can outperform its adiabatic counterparts in maintaining a high fidelity of quantum logic operations. The remarkable effectiveness of the proposed method, which requires much lower rates of frequency changes than previously proposed control methods, is due to the ability of appropriately alternating detunings from the continuum edge to augment the interference of the emitted and back-scattered quanta, thereby helping to stabilize the qubit state against decay. Applications to the control of decoherence near the edge of radiative, vibrational an photoionization continua are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Cosmic-ray propagation properties for an origin in SNRs
Creators: name: Buesching, I.
name: Kopp, A.
name: Pohl, M.
name: Schlickeiser, R.
name: Perrot, C.
name: Grenier, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the impact of cosmic-ray acceleration in SNR on the spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei in the Galaxy using a series expansion of the propagation equation, which allows us to use analytical solutions for part of the problem and an efficient numerical treatment of the remaining equations and thus accurately describes the cosmic-ray propagation on small scales around their sources in three spatial dimensions and time. We found strong variations of the cosmic-ray nuclei flux by typically 20% with occasional spikes of much higher amplitude, but only minor changes in the spectral distribution. The locally measured spectra of primary cosmic rays fit well into the obtained range of possible spectra. We further showed that the spectra of the secondary element Boron show almost no variations, so that the above findings also imply significant fluctuations of the Boron-to-Carbon ratio. Therefore the commonly used method of determining CR propagation parameters by fitting secondary-to-primary ratios appears flawed on account of the variations that these ratios would show throughout the Galaxy.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Proton Tunneling in a Two-Dimensional Potential Energy Surface with a Non-linear System-Bath Interaction: Thermal Suppression of Reaction Rate
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiaji
name: Borrelli, Raffaele
name: Tanimura, Yoshitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a proton-transfer (PT) system described by a proton-transfer reaction (PTR) coordinate and a rate promoting vibrational (RPV) coordinate interacting with a non-Markovian heat-bath. While dynamics of PT processes has been widely discussed using two-dimensional (2D) potential energy surfaces (PES), the role of the heat-bath, in particular, for a realistic form of the system-bath interaction has not been well explored. Previous studies are largely based on one-dimensional model and linear-linear (LL) system-bath interaction. In the present study, we introduce an exponential-linear (EL) system-bath interaction, which is derived from the analysis of a PTR-PRV system in a realistic situation. This interaction mainly causes vibrational dephasing in the PTR mode and population relaxation in the RPV mode. Numerical simulations were carried out using hierarchy equations of motion approach. We analyze the role of the heat-bath interaction on the chemical reaction rate as a function of the system-bath coupling strength at different temperature and for different values of the bath correlation time. A prominent feature of the present result is that while the reaction rate predicted from classical and quantum Kramers theory increases as the temperature increases, the present EL interaction model exhibits opposite temperature dependence. Kramers turn-over profile of the reaction rate as a function of the system-bath coupling is also suppressed in the present EL model turning into a plateau-like curve for larger system-bath interaction strength. Such features arise from the interplay of the vibrational dephasing process in the PTR mode and the population relaxation process in the RPV mode.
Dealing with Drift of Adaptation Spaces in Learning-based Self-Adaptive Systems using Lifelong Self-Adaptation
Creators: name: Gheibi, Omid
name: Weyns, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, machine learning (ML) has become a popular approach to support self-adaptation. ML has been used to deal with several problems in self-adaptation, such as maintaining an up-to-date runtime model under uncertainty and scalable decision-making. Yet, exploiting ML comes with inherent challenges. In this paper, we focus on a particularly important challenge for learning-based self-adaptive systems: drift in adaptation spaces. With adaptation space we refer to the set of adaptation options a self-adaptive system can select from at a given time to adapt based on the estimated quality properties of the adaptation options. Drift of adaptation spaces originates from uncertainties, affecting the quality properties of the adaptation options. Such drift may imply that eventually no adaptation option can satisfy the initial set of the adaptation goals, deteriorating the quality of the system, or adaptation options may emerge that allow enhancing the adaptation goals. In ML, such shift corresponds to novel class appearance, a type of concept drift in target data that common ML techniques have problems dealing with. To tackle this problem, we present a novel approach to self-adaptation that enhances learning-based self-adaptive systems with a lifelong ML layer. We refer to this approach as lifelong self-adaptation. The lifelong ML layer tracks the system and its environment, associates this knowledge with the current tasks, identifies new tasks based on differences, and updates the learning models of the self-adaptive system accordingly. A human stakeholder may be involved to support the learning process and adjust the learning and goal models. We present a general architecture for lifelong self-adaptation and apply it to the case of drift of adaptation spaces that affects the decision-making in self-adaptation. We validate the approach for a series of scenarios using the DeltaIoT exemplar.
$D$-mesons and charmonium states in hot pion matter
Creators: name: Fuchs, C.
name: Martemyanov, B. V.
name: Faessler, Amand
name: Krivoruchenko, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the in-medium $D$ meson self-energies in a hot pion gas induced by resonance interactions with pions. The appropriate resonances in the {\it s},~ {\it p} and {\it d} waves of the $D$ meson-pion pair are represented by low lying scalar, vector and tensor $D^*$ mesons. At temperatures around 200 MeV the D-meson mass drops by $30~ \rm {MeV}$ and the scattering width grows up to $60~ \rm {MeV}$. Similar medium effects are found for the $D^*$ vector mesons. This opens and/or enhances the decay and/or dissociation channels of the charmonium states $Ψ^\prime$, $χ_c$ and $J/Ψ$ to $D \bar D,~D^* \bar D,~D \bar D^* ,~D^* \bar D^*$ pairs in pion matter.
description: 5 pages Revtex, 4 eps figures, final version accepted for publication in PRC
Simulation-Based Calibration Checking for Bayesian Computation: The Choice of Test Quantities Shapes Sensitivity
Creators: name: Modrák, Martin
name: Moon, Angie H.
name: Kim, Shinyoung
name: Bürkner, Paul
name: Huurre, Niko
name: Faltejsková, Kateřina
name: Gelman, Andrew
name: Vehtari, Aki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Simulation-based calibration checking (SBC) is a practical method to validate computationally-derived posterior distributions or their approximations. In this paper, we introduce a new variant of SBC to alleviate several known problems. Our variant allows the user to in principle detect any possible issue with the posterior, while previously reported implementations could never detect large classes of problems including when the posterior is equal to the prior. This is made possible by including additional data-dependent test quantities when running SBC. We argue and demonstrate that the joint likelihood of the data is an especially useful test quantity. Some other types of test quantities and their theoretical and practical benefits are also investigated. We provide theoretical analysis of SBC, thereby providing a more complete understanding of the underlying statistical mechanisms. We also bring attention to a relatively common mistake in the literature and clarify the difference between SBC and checks based on the data-averaged posterior. We support our recommendations with numerical case studies on a multivariate normal example and a case study in implementing an ordered simplex data type for use with Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. The SBC variant introduced in this paper is implemented in the $\mathtt{SBC}$ R package.
description: 50 pages, 11 figures, upcoming in Bayesian Analysis
Singular Lefschetz pencils
Creators: name: Auroux, Denis
name: Donaldson, Simon K
name: Katzarkov, Ludmil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D35, 57M50, 57R17

description: We consider structures analogous to symplectic Lefschetz pencils in the context of a closed 4-manifold equipped with a `near-symplectic' structure (ie, a closed 2-form which is symplectic outside a union of circles where it vanishes transversely). Our main result asserts that, up to blowups, every near-symplectic 4-manifold (X,omega) can be decomposed into (a) two symplectic Lefschetz fibrations over discs, and (b) a fibre bundle over S^1 which relates the boundaries of the Lefschetz fibrations to each other via a sequence of fibrewise handle additions taking place in a neighbourhood of the zero set of the 2-form. Conversely, from such a decomposition one can recover a near-symplectic structure.
description: Published by Geometry and Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTVol9/paper24.abs.html
A Re-visit of the Popularity Baseline in Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Ji, Yitong
name: Sun, Aixin
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Li, Chenliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Popularity is often included in experimental evaluation to provide a reference performance for a recommendation task. To understand how popularity baseline is defined and evaluated, we sample 12 papers from top-tier conferences including KDD, WWW, SIGIR, and RecSys, and 6 open source toolkits. We note that the widely adopted MostPop baseline simply ranks items based on the number of interactions in the training data. We argue that the current evaluation of popularity (i) does not reflect the popular items at the time when a user interacts with the system, and (ii) may recommend items released after a user's last interaction with the system. On the widely used MovieLens dataset, we show that the performance of popularity could be significantly improved by 70% or more, if we consider the popular items at the time point when a user interacts with the system. We further show that, on MovieLens dataset, the users having lower tendencies on movies tend to follow the crowd and rate more popular movies. Movie lovers who rate a large number of movies, rate movies based on their own preferences and interests. Through this study, we call for a re-visit of the popularity baseline in recommender system to better reflect its effectiveness.
description: Accepted by SIGIR2020