cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Possible confirmation of the existence of ergoregion by the Kerr quasinormal mode in gravitational waves from Pop III massive black hole binary
Creators: name: Kinugawa, Tomoya
name: Nakano, Hiroyuki
name: Nakamura, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of the ergoregion of the Kerr space-time has not been confirmed observationally yet. We show that the confirmation would be possible by observing the quasinormal mode in gravitational waves. As an example, using the recent population synthesis results of Pop III binary black holes, we find that the peak of the final merger mass ($M_f$) is about $50~\rm M_{\odot}$, while the fraction of the final spin $q_f = a_f/M_f > 0.7$ needed for the confirmation of a part of ergoregion is $\sim 77\%$. To confirm the frequency of the quasinormal mode, ${\rm SNR} > 35$ is needed. The standard model of Pop III population synthesis tells us that the event rate for the confirmation of more than $50\%$ of the ergoregion by the second generation gravitational wave detectors is $\sim 2.3$ ${\rm events\ yr^{-1}\ (SFR_p/(10^{-2.5}\ M_\odot yr^{-1}\ Mpc^{-3}))} \cdot (\rm [f_b/(1+f_b)]/0.33)$ where ${\rm SFR_p}$ and ${\rm f_b}$ are the peak value of the Pop III star formation rate and the fraction of binaries, respectively.
description: Accepted for publication in PTEP. Comments welcome
Nonlinear Transport in a Two Dimensional Holographic Superconductor
Creators: name: Zeng, Hua Bi
name: Tian, Yu
name: Fan, Zhe Yong
name: Chen, Chiang-Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of nonlinear transport in a two dimensional superconductor with an applied oscillating electric field is solved by the holographic method. The complex conductivity can be computed from the dynamics of the current for both near- and non-equilibrium regimes. The limit of weak electric field corresponds to the near equilibrium superconducting regime, where the charge response is linear and the conductivity develops a gap determined by the condensate. A larger electric field drives the system into a superconducting non-equilibrium steady state, where the nonlinear conductivity is quadratic with respect to the electric field. Keeping increasing the amplitude of applied electric field results in a far-from-equilibrium non-superconducting steady state with a universal linear conductivity of one. In lower temperature regime we also find chaotic behavior of superconducting gap, which results in a non-monotonic field dependent nonlinear conductivity.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, revtex4
The Effect of Jet Exit Pressure on Jets in Supersonic Crossflow
Creators: name: THOMAS KNAST
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Aerospace Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: This thesis presents the study of supersonic gas jets used as a fuel injection mechanism in high-speed aircraft engines. Varying the pressure and velocity of the injected jet is found to have a significant effect on not only the mixing and spreading of the jet, but could also potentially alleviate some of the losses incurred during the process. To facilitate part of this study a new supersonic wind tunnel was designed and constructed. The design process and methodologies used are also presented in this thesis.
Industrial Experiences with a Formal DSL Semantics to Check the Correctness of DSL Artifacts
Creators: name: Keshishzadeh, Sarmen
name: Mooij, Arjan J.
name: Hooman, Jozef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; D.2.5

description: A domain specific language (DSL) abstracts from implementation details and is aligned with the way domain experts reason about a software component. The development of DSLs is usually centered around a grammar and transformations that generate implementation code or analysis models. The semantics of the language is often defined implicitly and in terms of a transformation to implementation code. In the presence of multiple transformations from the DSL, the correctness of the generated artifacts with respect to the semantics of the DSL is a relevant issue. We show that a formal semantics is essential for checking the correctness of the generated artifacts. We exploit the formal semantics in an industrial project and use formal techniques based on equivalence checking and model-based testing for validating the correctness of the generated artifacts. We report about our experience with this approach in an industrial development project.
description: In Proceedings FESCA 2016, arXiv:1603.08371
Relativistic model of 2p-2h meson exchange currents in (anti)neutrino scattering
Creators: name: Simo, I. Ruiz
name: Amaro, J. E.
name: Barbaro, M. B.
name: De Pace, A.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Donnelly, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model of relativistic, charged meson-exchange currents (MEC) for neutrino-nucleus interactions. The two-body current is the sum of seagull, pion-in-flight, pion-pole and $Δ$-pole operators. These operators are obtained from the weak pion-production amplitudes for the nucleon derived in the non-linear $σ$-model together with weak excitation of the $Δ(1232)$ resonance and its subsequent decay into $Nπ$. With these currents we compute the five 2p-2h response functions contributing to $(ν_l,l^-)$ and $(\overlineν_l,l^+)$ reactions in the relativistic Fermi gas model. The total current is the sum of vector and axial two-body currents. The vector current is related to the electromagnetic MEC operator that contributes to electron scattering. This allows one to check our model by comparison with the results of De Pace {\em et al.,} Nuclear Physics A 726 (2003) 303. Thus our model is a natural extension of that model to the weak sector with the addition of the axial MEC operator. The dependences of the response functions on several ingredients of the approach are analyzed. Specifically we discuss relativistic effects, quantify the size of the direct-exchange interferences, and the relative importance of the axial versus vector current.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
title: НОВЫЙ ВИД РОДА EUMERUS MEIGEN, 1822 (DIPTERA, SYRPHIDAE) ИЗ ГОР АРКАЛЫ (ВОСТОЧНЫЙ КАЗАХСТАН)
Creators: name: Златанов, Б.В.
Publisher: name: Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр»
Year: 2024
Subjects: Eumerus, Syrphidae, новый вид, Восточный Казахстан, Тарбагатай, горы Аркалы.
Eumerus, Syrphidae, new species, East Kazakhstan, Tarbagatai, Arkaly mountains.

description: Весной 2022 года в ходе работы по изучению энтомофауны государственного национального природного парка «Тарбагатай» в южном отроге хребта Тарбагатай горах Аркалы на феруле (Ferula sp.) были отловлены две особи мух-журчалок (Syrphidae) рода Eumerus, которые в настоящей работе описаны как новый вид E. elenae Zlatanov sp. n. Самец описываемого вида наиболее близок E. tjanshanicus Peck, 1972, от которого отличается в основном длиной линии соприкосновения глаз, расположением глазков, формой базофлагелломера усиков, опылением груди, формой голеней и лапок задних ног, формой стернита IV.
description: In the spring of 2022, in the course of studying the entomofauna of the Tarbagatai State National Natural Park in the southern spur of the Tarbagatai Ridge in the Arkaly Mountains, two specimens of hover flies (Syrphidae) of the genus Eumerus were caught on a ferula (Ferula sp.), which are described in this paper as new species E. elenae Zlatanov sp. n. The male of the described species is closest to E. tjanshanicus Peck, 1972, from which it differs mainly in the length of the line of contact between the eyes, position of the ocelli, shape of the basoflagellomere, pollination of the breast, shape of the tibiae and tarsi of the hind legs, and shape of the sternite IV.
Matter in the beam: Weak lensing, substructures and the temperature of dark matter
Creators: name: Mahdi, Hareth S.
name: Elahi, Pascal J.
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Power, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Warm Dark Matter (WDM) models offer an attractive alternative to the current Cold Dark Matter (CDM) cosmological model. We present a novel method to differentiate between WDM and CDM cosmologies, namely using weak lensing; this provides a unique probe as it is sensitive to all the "matter in the beam", not just dark matter haloes and the galaxies that reside in them, but also the diffuse material between haloes. We compare the weak lensing maps of CDM clusters to those in a WDM model corresponding to a thermally produced $0.5$~keV dark matter particle. Our analysis clearly shows that the weak lensing magnification, convergence and shear distributions can be used to distinguish between CDM and WDM models. WDM models {\em increase} the probability of weak magnifications, with the differences being significant to $\gtrsim5σ$, while leaving no significant imprint on the shear distribution. WDM clusters analysed in this work are more homogeneous than CDM ones, and the fractional decrease in the amount of material in haloes is proportional to the average increase in the magnification. This difference arises from matter that would be bound in compact haloes in CDM being smoothly distributed over much larger volumes at lower densities in WDM. Moreover, the signature does not solely lie in the probability distribution function but in the full spatial distribution of the convergence field.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in APJ
Device-Centric Monitoring for Mobile Device Management
Creators: name: Chircop, Luke
name: Colombo, Christian
name: Pace, Gordon J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ubiquity of computing devices has led to an increased need to ensure not only that the applications deployed on them are correct with respect to their specifications, but also that the devices are used in an appropriate manner, especially in situations where the device is provided by a party other than the actual user. Much work which has been done on runtime verification for mobile devices and operating systems is mostly application-centric, resulting in global, device-centric properties (e.g. the user may not send more than 100 messages per day across all applications) being difficult or impossible to verify. In this paper we present a device-centric approach to runtime verify the device behaviour against a device policy with the different applications acting as independent components contributing to the overall behaviour of the device. We also present an implementation for Android devices, and evaluate it on a number of device-centric policies, reporting the empirical results obtained.
description: In Proceedings FESCA 2016, arXiv:1603.08371
A Stokes drift approximation based on the Phillips spectrum
Creators: name: Breivik, Øyvind
name: Bidlot, Jean-Raymond
name: Janssen, Peter A. E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new approximation to the Stokes drift velocity profile based on the exact solution for the Phillips spectrum is explored. The profile is compared with the monochromatic profile and the recently proposed exponential integral profile. ERA-Interim spectra and spectra from a wave buoy in the central North Sea are used to investigate the behaviour of the profile. It is found that the new profile has a much stronger gradient near the surface and lower normalized deviation from the profile computed from the spectra. Based on estimates from two open-ocean locations, an average value has been estimated for a key parameter of the profile. Given this parameter, the profile can be computed from the same two parameters as the monochromatic profile, namely the transport and the surface Stokes drift velocity.
description: 27 pp, 7 figs, one table in Ocean Modelling, 2016
Momentum-space imaging of ultra-thin electron liquids in delta-doped silicon
Creators: name: Constantinou, Procopios
name: Stock, Taylor J. Z.
name: Crane, Eleanor
name: Kölker, Alexander
name: van Loon, Marcel
name: Li, Juerong
name: Fearn, Sarah
name: Bornemann, Henric
name: D'Anna, Nicolò
name: Fisher, Andrew J.
name: Strocov, Vladimir N.
name: Aeppli, Gabriel
name: Curson, Neil J.
name: Schofield, Steven R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional dopant layers ($δ$-layers) in semiconductors provide the high-mobility electron liquids (2DELs) needed for nanoscale quantum-electronic devices. Key parameters such as carrier densities, effective masses, and confinement thicknesses for 2DELs have traditionally been extracted from quantum magnetotransport. In principle, the parameters are immediately readable from the one-electron spectral function that can be measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Here, buried 2DEL $δ$-layers in silicon are measured with soft X-ray (SX) ARPES to obtain detailed information about their filled conduction bands and extract device-relevant properties. This study takes advantage of the larger probing depth and photon energy range of SX-ARPES relative to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ARPES to accurately measure the $δ$-layer electronic confinement. The measurements are made on ambient-exposed samples and yield extremely thin ($\approx 1$ $nm$) and dense ($\approx$ $10^{14}$ $cm^2$) 2DELs. Critically, this method is used to show that $δ$-layers of arsenic exhibit better electronic confinement than $δ$-layers of phosphorus fabricated under identical conditions.
description: Published in Advanced Science as a Research Article
Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Data Trustworthiness in Crowd-Sensing Systems
Creators: name: ENTRUST Horizon Europe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: 2023 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Smart Systems and the Internet of Things (DCOSS-IoT)

Year: 2023, Pages: 568-576

DOI Bookmark: 10.1109/DCOSS-IoT58021.2023.00093

 

ABSTRACT

Around the world there has been an advancement of IoT edge devices, that in turn have enabled the collection of rich datasets as part of the Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS) paradigm, which in practice is implemented in a variety of safety critical applications. In spite of the advantages of such datasets, there exists an inherent data trustworthiness challenge due to the interference of malevolent actors. In this context, there has been a great body of proposed solutions which capitalize on conventional machine algorithms for sifting through faulty data without any assumptions on the trustworthiness of the source. However, there is still a number of open issues, such as how to cope with strong colluding adversaries, while in parallel managing efficiently the sizable influx of user data. In this work we suggest that the usage of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) can lead to even more efficient performance as we tackle the limitation of conventional black box models, by enabling the understanding and interpretation of a model's operation. Our approach enables the reasoning of the model's accuracy in the presence of adversaries and has the ability to shun out faulty or malicious data, thus, enhancing the model's adaptation process. To this end, we provide a prototype implementation coupled with a detailed performance evaluation under different scenarios of attacks, employing both real and synthetic datasets. Our results suggest that the use of XAI leads to improved performance compared to other existing schemes.

 

AUTHORS

Sam Afzal-Houshmand, Technical University of Denmark (DTU),Cyber Security Section,Denmark  Dimitrios Papamartzivanos, Ubitech Ltd., Digital Security & Trusted Computing Group,Greece  Sajad Homayoun, Technical University of Denmark (DTU),Cyber Security Section,Denmark  Entso Veliou, University of West Attica,Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering,Athens,Greece  Christian D. Jensen, Technical University of Denmark (DTU),Cyber Security Section,Denmark  Athanasios Voulodimos, School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical Univ. of Athens,Greece  Thanassis Giannetsos, Ubitech Ltd., Digital Security & Trusted Computing Group,Greece
Development and Validation of Functional Model of a Cruise Control System
Creators: name: Varadarajan, Avinash Visagan
name: Romijn, Marcel
name: Oosthoek, Bart
name: van de Mortel-Fronczak, Joanna
name: Beijer, Jos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Modern automobiles can be considered as a collection of many subsystems working with each other to realize safe transportation of the occupants. Innovative technologies that make transportation easier are increasingly incorporated into the automobile in the form of functionalities. These new functionalities in turn increase the complexity of the system framework present and traceability is lost or becomes very tricky in the process. This hugely impacts the development phase of an automobile, in which, the safety and reliability of the automobile design should be ensured. Hence, there is a need to ensure operational safety of the vehicles while adding new functionalities to the vehicle. To address this issue, functional models of such systems are created and analysed. The main purpose of developing a functional model is to improve the traceability and reusability of a system which reduces development time and cost. Operational safety of the system is ensured by analysing the system with respect to random and systematic failures and including safety mechanism to prevent such failures. This paper discusses the development and validation of a functional model of a conventional cruise control system in a passenger vehicle based on the ISO 26262 Road Vehicles - Functional Safety standard. A methodology for creating functional architectures and an architecture of a cruise control system developed using the methodology are presented.
description: In Proceedings FESCA 2016, arXiv:1603.08371
Large and uniform optical emission shifts in quantum dots externally strained along their growth axis
Creators: name: Stepanov, Petr
name: Aizarna, Marta Elzo
name: Bleuse, Joël
name: Malik, Nitin S.
name: Curé, Yoann
name: Gautier, Eric
name: Favre-Nicolin, Vincent
name: Gérard, Jean-Michel
name: Claudon, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a method which enables to directly compare the impact of elastic strain on the optical properties of distinct quantum dots (QDs). Specifically, the QDs are integrated in a cross-section of a semiconductor core wire which is surrounded by an amorphous straining shell. Detailed numerical simulations show that, thanks to the mechanical isotropy of the shell, the strain field in a core section is homogeneous. Furthermore, we use the core material as an in situ strain gauge, yielding reliable values for the emitter energy tuning slope. This calibration technique is applied to self-assembled InAs QDs submitted to incremental tensile strain along their growth axis. In contrast to recent studies conducted on similar QDs stressed perpendicularly to their growth axis, optical spectroscopy reveals 5-10 times larger tuning slopes, with a moderate dispersion. These results highlight the importance of the stress direction to optimise QD response to applied strain, with implications both in static and dynamic regimes. As such, they are in particular relevant for the development of wavelength-tunable single photon sources or hybrid QD opto-mechanical systems.
The role of heavy quarks in light hadron fragmentation
Creators: name: Epele, M.
name: Canal, C. A. Garcia
name: Sassot, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of heavy quarks in the production of light flavored hadrons and in the determination of the corresponding non perturbative hadronization probabilities. We define a general mass variable flavor number scheme for fragmentation functions that accounts for heavy quark mass effects, and perform a global QCD analysis to an up-to-date data set including very precise Belle and BaBar results. We show that the mass dependent picture provides a much more accurate and consistent description of data.
description: 5 pages, 3 eps figures
Towards an Automated Requirements-driven Development of Smart Cyber-Physical Systems
Creators: name: Vinarek, Jiri
name: Hnetynka, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Invariant Refinement Method for Self Adaptation (IRM-SA) is a design method targeting development of smart Cyber-Physical Systems (sCPS). It allows for a systematic translation of the system requirements into the system architecture expressed as an ensemble-based component system (EBCS). However, since the requirements are captured using natural language, there exists the danger of their misinterpretation due to natural language requirements' ambiguity, which could eventually lead to design errors. Thus, automation and validation of the design process is desirable. In this paper, we (i) analyze the translation process of natural language requirements into the IRM-SA model, (ii) identify individual steps that can be automated and/or validated using natural language processing techniques, and (iii) propose suitable methods.
description: In Proceedings FESCA 2016, arXiv:1603.08371
Separately continuous functions of many variables on product of spaces which are products of metrizable multipliers
Creators: name: Maslyuchenko, V. K.
name: Mykhaylyuk, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is obtained necessary and sufficient conditions of dependence on $\aleph$ coordinates for functions of several variables, each of which is a product of metrizable factors. The set of discontinuity points of such functions is characterized in the case, when each variable is a product of separable metrizable spaces.
Phyllotaxis: a framework for foam topological evolution
Creators: name: Rivier, Nicolas
name: Sadoc, Jean-François
name: Charvolin, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phyllotaxis describes the arrangement of florets, scales or leaves in composite flowers or plants (daisy, aster, sunflower, pinecone, pineapple). As a structure, it is a geometrical foam, the most homogeneous and densest covering of a large disk by Voronoi cells (the florets), constructed by a simple algorithm: Points placed regularly on a generative spiral constitute a spiral lattice, and phyllotaxis is the tiling by the Voronoi cells of the spiral lattice. Locally, neighboring cells are organized as three whorls or parastichies, labeled with successive Fibonacci numbers. The structure is encoded as the sequence of the shapes (number of sides) of the successive Voronoi cells on the generative spiral. We show that sequence and organization are independent of the position of the initial point on the generative spiral, that is invariant under disappearance ($T2$) of the first Voronoi cell or, conversely, under creation of a first cell, that is under growth. This independence shows how a foam is able to respond to a shear stress, notably through grain boundaries that are layers of square cells slightly truncated into heptagons, pentagons and hexagons, meeting at four-corner vertices, critical points of $T1$ elementary topological transformations.
Additive manufacturing of hygromorphic structures using regenerated cellulose/PLA biocomposites
Creators: name: Gauss, Christian
name: Pickering, Kim
name: Barbier, Maxime
name: Miller, Timothy
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 91299
subject: Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 91499
subject: Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 30699
subject: Physical Chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: No description supplied
Resolutions of letterplace ideals of posets
Creators: name: D'Alì, Alessio
name: Fløystad, Gunnar
name: Nematbakhsh, Amin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D02, 05E40, 06A11

description: We investigate resolutions of letterplace ideals of posets. We develop topological results to compute their multigraded Betti numbers, and to give structural results on these Betti numbers. If the poset is a union of no more than $c$ chains, we show that the Betti numbers may be computed from simplicial complexes of no more than $c$ vertices. We also give a recursive procedure to compute the Betti diagrams when the Hasse diagram of $P$ has tree structure.
description: 21 pages
Highly-anisotropic exchange interactions of $j_{\rm eff}=1/2$ iridium moments on the fcc lattice in La$_2B$IrO$_6$ ($B$ $=$ Mg, Zn)
Creators: name: Aczel, A. A.
name: Cook, A. M.
name: Williams, T. J.
name: Calder, S.
name: Christianson, A. D.
name: Cao, G. -X.
name: Mandrus, D.
name: Kim, Y. B.
name: Paramekanti, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments to investigate the magnetic excitations in the weakly distorted face-centered-cubic (fcc) iridate double perovskites La$_2$ZnIrO$_6$ and La$_2$MgIrO$_6$, which are characterized by A-type antiferromagnetic ground states. The powder inelastic neutron scattering data on these geometrically frustrated $j_{\rm eff}=1/2$ Mott insulators provide clear evidence for gapped spin wave excitations with very weak dispersion. The INS results and thermodynamic data on these materials can be reproduced by conventional Heisenberg-Ising models with significant uniaxial Ising anisotropy and sizeable second-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions. Such a uniaxial Ising exchange interaction is symmetry-forbidden on the ideal fcc lattice, so that it can only arise from the weak crystal distortions away from the ideal fcc limit. This may suggest that even weak distortions in $j_{\rm eff}=1/2$ Mott insulators might lead to strong exchange anisotropies. More tantalizingly, however, we find an alternative viable explanation of the INS results in terms of spin models with a dominant Kitaev interaction. In contrast to the uniaxial Ising exchange, the highly-directional Kitaev interaction is a type of exchange anisotropy which is symmetry-allowed even on the ideal fcc lattice. The Kitaev model has a magnon gap induced by quantum order-by-disorder, while weak anisotropies of the Kitaev couplings generated by the symmetry-lowering due to lattice distortions, can pin the order and enhance the magnon gap. Our findings highlight how even conventional magnetic orders in heavy transition metal oxides may be driven by highly-directional exchange interactions rooted in strong spin-orbit coupling.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1507.07920
Competition between disorder and Coulomb interaction in a two-dimensional plaquette Hubbard model
Creators: name: Lee, Hunpyo
name: Jeschke, Harald O.
name: Valenti, Roser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied a disordered $N_{\rm c} \times N_{\rm c}$ plaquette Hubbard model on a two-dimensional square lattice at half-filling using a coherent potential approximation (CPA) in combination with a single-site dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) approach with a paramagnetic bath. Such a model conveniently interpolates between the ionic Hubbard model at $N_{\rm c}=\sqrt{2}$ and the Anderson model at $N_{\rm c} = \infty$ and enables the analysis of the various limiting properties. We confirmed that within the CPA approach a band insulator behavior appears for non-interacting strongly disordered systems with a small plaquette size $N_{\rm c} = 4$, while the paramagnetic Anderson insulator with nearly gapless density of states is present for large plaquette sizes $N_{\rm c}=48$. When the interaction $U$ is turned on in the strongly fluctuating random potential regions, the electrons on the low energy states push each other into high energy states in DMFT in a paramagnetic bath and correlated metallic states with a quasiparticle peak and Hubbard bands emerge, though a larger critical interaction $U$ is needed to obtain this state from the paramagnetic Anderson insulator ($N_{\rm c}=48$) than from the band insulator ($N_{\rm c}=4$). Finally, we observe a Mott insulator behavior in the strong interaction $U$ regions for both $N_{\rm c}=4$ and $N_{\rm c}=48$ independent of the disorder strength. We discuss the application of this model to real materials.
description: accepted for publication in PRB
IRMPD spectroscopy of metalated flavins: structure and bonding of Mq+-lumichrome complexes (Mq+ = Li+-Cs+, Ag+, Mg2+)
Creators: name: Günther, Alan
name: Nieto, Pablo
name: Berden, Giel
name: Oomens, Jos
name: Dopfer, Otto
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: Infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectra of mass selected isolated metal–lumichrome ionic complexes, Mq+LCn with Mq+ = Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ag+ (n = 1), and Mg2+ (n = 2), are recorded in the fingerprint range. The complexes are generated in an electrospray ionization source coupled to an ion cyclotron mass spectrometer and the IR free electron laser FELIX. Vibrational and isomer assignments of the IRMPD spectra are accomplished by density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level, which provide insight into the structure, binding energy, bonding mechanism, and spectral properties of the complexes. The two major binding sites identified involve metal bonding to the oxygen atoms of the two available carbonyl groups of LC (denoted O2 and O4). The more stable O4 isomer benefits from an additional interaction with the lone pair of the nearby N5 atom of LC. While M+LC with alkali metals are mainly stabilized by electrostatic forces, the Ag+LC complex reveals additional stabilization arising from partly covalent contributions. Finally, the interaction of Mg2+ ions with LC is largely enhanced by the doubled positive charge. The frequencies of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O stretching modes are a sensitive indicator of both the metal binding site and the metal bond strength.
Can generative AI and ChatGPT outperform humans on cognitive-demanding problem-solving tasks in science?
Creators: name: Zhai, Xiaoming
name: Nyaaba, Matthew
name: Ma, Wenchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study aimed to examine an assumption that generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools can overcome the cognitive intensity that humans suffer when solving problems. We compared the performance of ChatGPT and GPT-4 on 2019 NAEP science assessments with students by cognitive demands of the items. Fifty-four tasks were coded by experts using a two-dimensional cognitive load framework, including task cognitive complexity and dimensionality. ChatGPT and GPT-4 responses were scored using the scoring keys of NAEP. The analysis of the available data was based on the average student ability scores for students who answered each item correctly and the percentage of students who responded to individual items. Results showed that both ChatGPT and GPT-4 consistently outperformed most students who answered the NAEP science assessments. As the cognitive demand for NAEP tasks increases, statistically higher average student ability scores are required to correctly address the questions. This pattern was observed for students in grades 4, 8, and 12, respectively. However, ChatGPT and GPT-4 were not statistically sensitive to the increase in cognitive demands of the tasks, except for Grade 4. As the first study focusing on comparing GAI and K-12 students in problem-solving in science, this finding implies the need for changes to educational objectives to prepare students with competence to work with GAI tools in the future. Education ought to emphasize the cultivation of advanced cognitive skills rather than depending solely on tasks that demand cognitive intensity. This approach would foster critical thinking, analytical skills, and the application of knowledge in novel contexts. Findings also suggest the need for innovative assessment practices by moving away from cognitive intensity tasks toward creativity and analytical skills to avoid the negative effects of GAI on testing more efficiently.
Effect of the Protein Corona Formation on Antibody Functionalized Liquid Lipid Nanocarriers
Creators: name: Navarro-Marchal, Saul A.
name: Martin-Contreras, Marina
name: Castro-Santiago, David
name: del Castillo-Santaella, Teresa
name: Gravan, Pablo
name: Jodar-Reyes, Ana Belen
name: Marchal, Juan Antonio
name: Peula-Garcia, Jose Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The main aim of this study is to report basic knowledge on how a protein corona (PC) could affect or modify the way in which multifunctionalized nanoparticles interact with cells. With this purpose, we have firstly optimized the development of a target-specific nanocarrier by coupling a specific fluorescent antibody on the surface of functionalized lipid liquid nanocapsules (LLNCs). Thus, an anti-HER2-FITC antibody (αHER2) has been used, HER2 being a surface receptor that is overexpressed in several tumor cells. Subsequently, the in vitro formation of a PC has been developed using fetal bovine serum supplemented with human fibrinogen. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Laser Doppler Electrophoresis (LDE), and Gel Chromatography techniques have been used to assure a complete physico-chemical characterization of the nano-complexes with (LLNCs-αHER2-PC) and without (LLNCs-αHER2) the surrounding PC. In addition, cellular assays were performed to study the cellular uptake and the specific cellular-nanocarrier interactions using the SKBR3 (high expression of HER2) breast cancer cell line and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) (healthy cell line without expression of HER2 receptors as control), showing that the SKBR3 cell line had a higher transport rate (50-fold) than HDFa at 60 min with LLNCs-αHER2. Moreover, the SKBR3 cell line incubated with LLNCs-αHER2-PC suffered a significant reduction (40%) in the uptake. These results suggest that the formation of a PC onto LLNCs does not prevent specific cell targeting, although it does have an important influence on cell uptake.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
The atmospheric circulation of a nine-hot Jupiter sample: Probing circulation and chemistry over a wide phase space
Creators: name: Kataria, Tiffany
name: Sing, David K.
name: Lewis, Nikole K.
name: Visscher, Channon
name: Showman, Adam P.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Marley, Mark S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from an atmospheric circulation study of nine hot Jupiters that comprise a large transmission spectral survey using the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. These observations exhibit a range of spectral behavior over optical and infrared wavelengths which suggest diverse cloud and haze properties in their atmospheres. By utilizing the specific system parameters for each planet, we naturally probe a wide phase space in planet radius, gravity, orbital period, and equilibrium temperature. First, we show that our model "grid" recovers trends shown in traditional parametric studies of hot Jupiters, particularly equatorial superrotation and increased day-night temperature contrast with increasing equilibrium temperature. We show how spatial temperature variations, particularly between the dayside and nightside and west and east terminators, can vary by hundreds of K, which could imply large variations in Na, K, CO and CH4 abundances in those regions. These chemical variations can be large enough to be observed in transmission with high-resolution spectrographs, such as ESPRESSO on VLT, METIS on the E-ELT, or with MIRI and NIRSpec aboard JWST. We also compare theoretical emission spectra generated from our models to available Spitzer eclipse depths for each planet, and find that the outputs from our solar-metallicity, cloud-free models generally provide a good match to many of the datasets, even without additional model tuning. Although these models are cloud-free, we can use their results to understand the chemistry and dynamics that drive cloud formation in their atmospheres.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures; accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
Evolution of network architecture in a granular material under compression
Creators: name: Papadopoulos, Lia
name: Puckett, James
name: Daniels, Karen E.
name: Bassett, Danielle S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a granular material is compressed, the particles and forces within the system arrange to form complex heterogeneous structures. Force chains are a prime example and are thought to constrain bulk properties such as mechanical stability and acoustic transmission. However, characterizing the dynamic nature of mesoscale architectures in granular systems can be challenging. A growing body of work has shown that graph theoretic approaches may provide a useful foundation for tackling these problems. Here, we extend current approaches by utilizing multilayer networks as a framework for directly quantifying the evolution of mesoscale architecture in a compressed granular system. We examine a quasi-two-dimensional aggregate of photoelastic disks, subject to biaxial compression through a series of small, quasistatic steps. Treating particles as network nodes and inter-particle forces as network edges, we construct a multilayer network by linking together the series of static force networks that exist at each strain step. We then extract the inherent mesoscale structure from the system by using a generalization of community detection methods, and we define quantitative measures to characterize the reconfiguration and evolution of this structure throughout compression. By separately considering the network of normal and tangential forces, we find that they display different structural evolution. To test the sensitivity of the network model to particle properties, we examine whether the method can distinguish a subsystem of low-friction particles within a bath of higher-friction particles. We find that this can be done by considering the network of tangential forces. The results discussed throughout this study suggest that these novel network science techniques may provide a direct way to compare and classify data from systems under different external conditions or with different physical makeup.
PKI Safety Net (PKISN): Addressing the Too-Big-to-Be-Revoked Problem of the TLS Ecosystem
Creators: name: Szalachowski, Pawel
name: Chuat, Laurent
name: Perrig, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a public-key infrastructure (PKI), clients must have an efficient and secure way to determine whether a certificate was revoked (by an entity considered as legitimate to do so), while preserving user privacy. A few certification authorities (CAs) are currently responsible for the issuance of the large majority of TLS certificates. These certificates are considered valid only if the certificate of the issuing CA is also valid. The certificates of these important CAs are effectively too big to be revoked, as revoking them would result in massive collateral damage. To solve this problem, we redesign the current revocation system with a novel approach that we call PKI Safety Net (PKISN), which uses publicly accessible logs to store certificates (in the spirit of Certificate Transparency) and revocations. The proposed system extends existing mechanisms, which enables simple deployment. Moreover, we present a complete implementation and evaluation of our scheme.
description: IEEE EuroS&P 2016
Effects of Nurse-Led Educational Program on the Quality of Life Among Adult Patients with Epilepsy
Creators: name: Baylon, Elisa Marie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: nursing
epilepsy
nurse-led education

description: A scarcity of research studies exist on how epilepsy impacts the QoL of adults among the Arabian population, albeit there is a high prevalence of epilepsy in Saudi Arabia, 6.54 per 1000 (Altwijri, 2021). Meanwhile, the point prevalence of active epilepsy worldwide was 6.38 per 1,000 persons (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 5.57–7.30), while the lifetime prevalence was 7.60 per 1,000 persons (95% CI 6.17–9.38) (Feist et al., 2017). Recent studies showed that the negative attitudes and misconceptions toward epilepsy persist (Altwijri et al., 2016; Al-Dossari et al., 2018) because of lack of awareness, and public misconception. Much more, there are also insufficient research studies on how to improve the QoL (Neyaz et al., 2016). A total of 50 adult patients with epilepsy (PWE) aged 18 to 65 in a hospital located at Riyadh Saudi Arabia underwent the nurse-led education program and completed the QOLIE-31 questionnaire in the three measurement points. A repeated-measures ANOVA determined that mean overall QOLIE-31 scores differed significantly across three time periods namely pre-intervention, two weeks post-intervention, and two weeks post repeated intervention (F (2, 98) = 108.626, p = .000). Hence, this research study posits that nurse-led education had significant positive outcome on the overall quality of life of adult patients living with epilepsy.
description: Master's Thesis
Manipulating counter-rotating interactions in the quantum Rabi model via qubit frequency modulation
Creators: name: Huang, Jin-Feng
name: Liao, Jie-Qiao
name: Tian, Lin
name: Kuang, Le-Man
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a practical approach to manipulate the counter-rotating (CR) interactions in the quantum Rabi model by introducing a sinusoidal modulation to the transition frequency of the quantum two-level system in this model. By choosing appropriate modulation frequency and amplitude, enhancement and suppression of the CR interactions can be achieved in the Jaynes-Cummings regime (including both weak- and strong-coupling cases) as well as the ultrastrong-coupling regime. In particular, we calculate the output photon emission of the cavity vacuum state under enhanced CR terms. Our results show that continuous and steady photon emission from the cavity vacuum can be observed in the Jaynes-Cummings regime as a consequence of this enhancement. Our approach can be realized in superconducting quantum circuits.
description: 10 pages, 9 Figures
Non-existence of Funk functions for Finsler spaces of non-vanishing scalar flag curvature
Creators: name: Bucataru, Ioan
name: Muzsnay, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C60, 58B20

description: In his book "Differential Geometry of Spray and Finsler spaces", page 177, Zhongmin Shen asks "wether or not there always exist non-trivial Funk functions on a spray space". In this note, we will prove that the answer is negative for the geodesic spray of a finslerian function of non-vanishing scalar flag curvature.
description: 4 pages, accepted by CRMATHEMATIQUE
A TBA description of thermal transport in the XXZ Heisenberg model
Creators: name: Zotos, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the Bethe ansatz formulation of the easy-plane 1D Heisenberg model thermodynamics (TBA) by Takahashi and Suzuki and the subsequent analysis of the spin Drude weight, also reproduces the thermal Drude weight and magnetothermal coefficient obtained by the Quantum Transfer Matrix method (QTM). It can also be extended to study the far-out of equilibrium energy current generated at the interface between two semi-infinite chains held at different temperatures.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures