cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Teachers and Hope: An Integral Study of How Teachers Experience, Enact and Understand Hope in their Teaching Contexts
Creators: name: Fraser, Dana
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: hope
subject: teacher hopefulness
subject: despair
subject: hopefulness
subject: hopelessness
subject: integral theory
subject: integral methodological pluralism
subject: phenomenology
subject: hermeneutics
subject: Education
subject: Education--Teacher Training

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of hope in teaching. While teaching may seem like an inherently hopeful act, there are few existing studies to draw upon to understand teachers’ relationships to hope and whether or not teachers see hope as meaningful and important in their lives and in their teaching practice. The problem that centred this study was: How do teachers experience, enact, and understand hope in their teaching contexts? This study used Integral Methodological Pluralism as the guiding conceptual framework. There were 14 teacher participants in this study, all of whom worked in elementary and/or middle schools in one school district within the British Columbia public school system. The phenomenon of teacher hopefulness was investigated four distinct ways according to the conceptual framework. First, by using a small-scale questionnaire to collect data about observable behaviour from 13 participants, it was found that teachers enact goal-related behaviours and social behaviours. Next, using phenomenological interviews with eight participants, it was found that hope and hopelessness have their own distinctive phenomenologies for teachers. Next, using hermeneutic conversations with six participants, it was found that teachers keep their hope and hopelessness a secret rather than sharing their genuine feelings with their colleagues. Then, using qualitative interviews with six participants, it was found that teachers feel powerless to affect policy change and as a result teachers focus on doing their best within the constraints of the existing system. Teachers are not focused on changing the system. Finally, by using policy and document analysis it was found that policies that limit self-efficacy and self-determination contribute to hopelessness and humanizing policies contribute to hopefulness. Recommendations for improving teacher hopefulness include legitimizing despair and teaching teachers how to hope well.
Additional file 1: of Exploring the emergence and evolution of population patterns of leisure-time physical activity through agent-based modelling
Creators: name: Garcia, Leandro
name: Diez Roux, Ana
name: Martins, André
name: Yang, Yong
name: Florindo, Alex
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Full description of the agent-based model. (PDF 321 kb)
Understanding Movement Strategies in Adults Post Sternotomy: A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Wiens, Karen
name: Hayden, K. Alix
name: King-Shier, Kathryn
Publisher: name: Nursing
Year: 2022
Subjects: cardiac surgery
sternotomy
movement post sternotomy
sternal precautions
post sternotomy activity

description: Objective: This scoping review will identify, map, and synthesize the available evidence for movement strategies in adults post sternotomy within the first 12 weeks postoperatively. Introduction: It is essential to identify safe movement strategies for adults post sternotomy that supports a safe, independent return to daily activity. In addition, there needs to be an evidence-informed approach to guide clinical practice that balances sternal healing while supporting proper movement strategies for the individual. A review of the evidence within this field is warranted to guide healthcare professionals in best practice as novel movement strategies have emerged. Inclusion criteria: This scoping review will include published, peer-reviewed studies (experimental, non-experimental, and qualitative) focusing on upper body movement strategies to resume activity post sternotomy within the first 12 weeks postoperatively. Systematic, descriptive, and narrative reviews that meet the inclusion criteria will also be considered. Additionally, case reports that focus on this topic will be included. Methods: The electronic databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, Sport Discus, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The search will be restricted to studies in English, with no date limit. Two independent reviewers will assess titles, abstracts, and full-text articles against the inclusion criteria. The reviewers will develop a data extraction tool; one reviewer will complete the data extraction, which the second reviewer will verify. The results of the data analysis will be presented in tabular and narrative form.
Novel Culture Systems for Studying Proliferation and Maturation of Spermatogonia in vitro
Creators: name: Sakib, Sadman
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Germ cell
subject: Spermatogonia
subject: Stirred suspension bioreactor
subject: Testes
subject: Testicular organoid
subject: Spermatogenesis
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Biology--Veterinary Science

description: The work presented in this dissertation aims to establish two novel culture systems for the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia. First, we established a suspension culture system for porcine spermatogonia using stirred suspension bioreactors. We showed that porcine pre-pubertal spermatogonia have a higher degree of proliferation in suspension culture compared to static culture. We also show that while spermatogonia proliferate more under ambient O2 compared to lower O2 tension of 10%, they are also likely to undergo differentiation. Our findings indicate that the higher proliferation of spermatogonia that is observed in suspension culture is partially mediated by the Wnt/ ?-catenin pathway. Other signal transduction pathways may also be activated in the stirred suspension bioreactor. This lays the foundation for future work aimed towards better understanding and improvement of suspension culture for spermatogonia. Second, we established a primate, human, mouse, rat and porcine testicular organoid system using the microwell culture system. We find that these organoids have testis-specific morphology and mimic testicular functions. We also present evidence that the mouse and rat organoids can undergo maturation and promote differentiation of spermatogonia. Our proof-of-principle experiments with ciliobrevin D, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and cadmium chloride indicate that testicular organoids can serve as a platform for modeling testis morphogenesis and reproductive toxicity in vitro. In summary, the organoid platform established for this dissertation opens up an exciting avenue of research to further develop and adapt the system for studying the human male reproductive system in vitro in a tissue specific context.
5-dim Superconformal Index with Enhanced En Global Symmetry
Creators: name: Kim, Hee-Cheol
name: Kim, Sung-Soo
name: Lee, Kimyeong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The five-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric gauge theory with Sp(N) gauge group and SO(2N_f) flavor symmetry describes the physics on N D4-branes with $N_f$ D8-branes on top of a single O8 orientifold plane in Type I' theory. This theory is known to be superconformal at the strong coupling limit with the enhanced global symmetry $E_{N_f+1}$ for $N_f\le 7$. In this work we calculate the superconformal index on $S^1\times S^4$ for the Sp(1) gauge theory by the localization method and confirm such enhancement of the global symmetry at the superconformal limit for $N_f\le 5$ to a few leading orders in the chemical potential. Both perturbative and (anti)instanton contributions are present in this calculation. For $N_f=6,7$ cases some issues related the pole structure of the instanton calculation could not be resolved and here we could provide only some suggestive answer for the leading contributions to the index. For the Sp(N) case, similar issues related to the pole structure appear.
description: 70 pages, references added, published version
Operational research and simulation methods for autonomous ride-sourcing
Creators: name: Karamanis, Renos
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Ride-sourcing platforms provide on-demand shared transport services by solving decision problems related to ride-matching and pricing. The anticipated commercialisation of autonomous vehicles could transform these platforms to fleet operators and broaden their decision-making by introducing problems such as fleet sizing and empty vehicle redistribution. These problems have been frequently represented in research using aggregated mathematical programs, and alternative practises such as agent-based models. In this context, this study is set at the intersection between operational research and simulation methods to solve the multitude of autonomous ride-sourcing problems. The study begins by providing a framework for building bespoke agent-based models for ride-sourcing fleets, derived from the principles of agent-based modelling theory, which is used to tackle the non-linear problem of minimum fleet size. The minimum fleet size problem is tackled by investigating the relationship of system parameters based on queuing theory principles and by deriving and validating a novel model for pickup wait times. Simulating the fleet function in different urban areas shows that ride-sourcing fleets operate queues with zero assignment times above the critical fleet size. The results also highlight that pickup wait times have a pivotal role in estimating the minimum fleet size in ride-sourcing operations, with agent-based modelling being a more reliable estimation method. The focus is then shifted to empty vehicle redistribution, where the omission of market structure and underlying customer acumen, compromises the effectiveness of existing models. As a solution, the vehicle redistribution problem is formulated as a non-linear convex minimum cost flow problem that accounts for the relationship of supply and demand of rides by assuming a customer discrete choice model and a market structure. An edge splitting algorithm is then introduced to solve a transformed convex minimum cost flow problem for vehicle redistribution. Results of simulated tests show that the redistribution algorithm can significantly decrease wait times and increase profits with a moderate increase in vehicle mileage. The study is concluded by considering the operational time-horizon decision problems of ride-matching and pricing at periods of peak travel demand. Combinatorial double auctions have been identified as a suitable alternative to surge pricing in research, as they maximise social welfare by relying on stated customer and driver valuations. However, a shortcoming of current models is the exclusion of trip detour effects in pricing estimates. The study formulates a shared-ride assignment and pricing algorithm using combinatorial double auctions to resolve the above problem. The model is reduced to the maximum weighted independent set problem, which is APX-hard. Therefore, a fast local search heuristic is proposed, producing solutions within 10\% of the exact approach for practical implementations.
Easy as $π^o$: On the Interpretation of Recent Electroproduction Results
Creators: name: Goldstein, Gary R.
name: Hernandez, J. Osvaldo Gonzalez
name: Liuti, Simonetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exclusive $π^o$ electroproduction from nucleons was first suggested by Ahmad, Goldstein and Liuti for extracting from experimental data the tensor charge, transversity and other quantities related to chiral odd combinations of generalized parton distributions. We now explain the details of the process: {\it i)} the connection between the helicity description and the cartesian basis; {\it ii)} the dependence on the momentum transfer squared, $Q^2$, and {\it iii)} the angular momentum, parity, and charge conjugation constraints ($J^{PC}$ quantum numbers).
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, some changes in formalism, and text. Introduced section titles
Probing the multiwavelength emission scenario of GRB 190114C
Creators: name: Klinger, Marc
name: Tak, Donggeun
name: Taylor, Andrew M.
name: Zhu, Sylvia J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiwavelength observation of the gamma-ray burst, GRB 190114C, opens a new window for studying the emission mechanism of GRB afterglows. Its Very-High-Energy (VHE; $\gtrsim 100$ GeV) detection has motivated an inverse Compton interpretation for the emission, but this has not been tested. Here, we revisit the early afterglow emission from 68 to 180 seconds and perform the modeling likelihood analysis with the keV to TeV datasets. We compute for the first time the statistical preference in the combined synchrotron (syn) and synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model over the syn-only model. In agreement with earlier analyses, between 68 and 110 seconds an unstable preference for the SSC model can be found, which can also be explained by systematic cross calibration effect between the included instruments. We conclude that there is no stable statistical preference for one of the two models.
Statistical Aspects of Ultracold Resonant Scattering
Creators: name: Mayle, Michael
name: Ruzic, Brandon P.
name: Bohn, John L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compared to purely atomic collisions, ultracold collisions involving molecules have the potential to support a much larger number of Fano-Feshbach resonances due to the huge amount of ro-vibrational states available. In order to handle such ultracold atom-molecule collisions, we formulate a theory that incorporates the ro-vibrational Fano-Feshbach resonances in a statistical manner while treating the physics of the long-range scattering, which is sensitive to such things as hyperfine states, collision energy and any applied electromagnetic fields, exactly within multichannel quantum defect theory. Uniting these two techniques, we can assess the influence of highly resonant scattering in the threshold regime, and in particular its dependence on the hyperfine state selected for the collision. This allows us to explore the onset of Ericson fluctuations in the regime of overlapping resonances, which are well-known in nuclear physics but completely unexplored in the ultracold domain.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Pseudospin Order in Monolayer, Bilayer, and Double-Layer Graphene
Creators: name: MacDonald, Allan H.
name: Jung, Jeil
name: Zhang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene is a gapless semiconductor in which conduction and valence band wavefunctions differ only in the phase difference between their projections onto the two sublattices of the material's two-dimensional honeycomb crystal structure. We explain why this circumstance creates openings for broken symmetry states, including antiferromagnetic states in monolayer and bilayer graphene and exciton condensates in double-layer graphene, that are momentum space analogs of the real-space order common in systems with strong local interactions. We discuss some similarities among, and some differences between, these three broken symmetry states.
description: 20 pages 4 figures. Contribution for the Proceedings of the Nobel Symposium on Graphene. Updated references
An Investigation into the Effect of Backbone Amide Linker Position on the Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis of a Cyclic Pentapeptide
Creators: name: Castillo-Aponte, Khalil
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 340503
subject: Organic chemical synthesis

description: A study on the impact of the position of the attachment of the photolabile, backbone amide linker, 4-formyl-3-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoic acid, on the synthesis of a model cyclic pentapeptide was conducted. The peptide was synthesized on a solid support and cleaved photolytically. The crude product was analyzed for the effect of changing position by LC/MS, 1HNMR, and yield. The target peptide could not be identified convincingly by LC/MS or NMR. It was observed that attachment of the backbone amide linker to the N alpha of tyrosine provided the highest crude product yield.
Realizing orders as group rings
Creators: name: Lenstra, H. W.
name: Silverberg, A.
name: van Gent, D. M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13A02

description: An order is a commutative ring that as an abelian group is finitely generated and free. A commutative ring is reduced if it has no non-zero nilpotent elements. In this paper we use a new tool, namely, the fact that every reduced order has a universal grading, to answer questions about realizing orders as group rings. In particular, we address the Isomorphism Problem for group rings in the case where the ring is a reduced order. We prove that any non-zero reduced order $R$ can be written as a group ring in a unique ``maximal'' way, up to isomorphism. More precisely, there exist a ring $A$ and a finite abelian group $G$, both uniquely determined up to isomorphism, such that $R\cong A[G]$ as rings, and such that if $B$ is a ring and $H$ is a group, then $R\cong B[H]$ as rings if and only if there is a finite abelian group $J$ such that $B\cong A[J]$ as rings and $J\times H\cong G$ as groups. Computing $A$ and $G$ for given $R$ can be done by means of an algorithm that is not quite polynomial-time. We also give a description of the automorphism group of $R$ in terms of $A$ and $G$.
Poloidal-Field Instability in Magnetized Relativistic Stars
Creators: name: Ciolfi, Riccardo
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the instability of purely poloidal magnetic fields in nonrotating neutron stars by means of three-dimensional general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations, extending the work presented in Ciolfi et al. (2011). Our aim is to draw a clear picture of the dynamics associated with the instability and to study the final configuration reached by the system, thus obtaining indications on possible equilibria in a magnetized neutron star. Furthermore, since the internal rearrangement of magnetic fields is a highly dynamical process, which has been suggested to be behind magnetar giant flares, our simulations can provide a realistic estimate of the electromagnetic and gravitational-wave emission which should accompany the flare event. Our main findings are the following: (i) the initial development of the instability meets all the expectations of perturbative studies in terms of the location of the seed of the instability, the timescale for its growth and the generation of a toroidal component; (ii) in the subsequent nonlinear reorganization of the system, ~90% of magnetic energy is lost in few Alfven timescales mainly through electromagnetic emission, and further decreases on a much longer timescale; (iii) all stellar models tend to achieve a significant amount of magnetic helicity and the equipartition of energy between poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields, and evolve to a new configuration which does not show a subsequent instability on dynamical or Alfven timescales; (iv) the electromagnetic emission matches the duration of the initial burst in luminosity observed in giant flares, giving support to the internal rearrangement scenario; (v) only a small fraction of the energy released during the process is converted into f-mode oscillations and in the consequent gravitational-wave emission, thus resulting in very low chances of detecting this signal with present and..
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, updated to match the published version
The mixing time of the lozenge tiling Glauber dynamics
Creators: name: Laslier, Benoit
name: Toninelli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The broad motivation of this work is a rigorous understanding of reversible, local Markov dynamics of interfaces, and in particular their speed of convergence to equilibrium, measured via the mixing time $T_{mix}$. In the $(d+1)$-dimensional setting, $d\ge2$, this is to a large extent mathematically unexplored territory, especially for discrete interfaces. On the other hand, on the basis of a mean-curvature motion heuristics and simulations, one expects convergence to equilibrium to occur on time-scales of order $\approx δ^{-2}$ in any dimension, with $δ\to0$ the lattice mesh. We study the single-flip Glauber dynamics for lozenge tilings of a finite domain of the plane, viewed as $(2+1)$-dimensional surfaces. The stationary measure is the uniform measure on admissible tilings. At equilibrium, by the limit shape theorem, the height function concentrates as $δ\to0$ around a deterministic profile $ϕ$, the unique minimizer of a surface tension functional. Despite some partial mathematical results, the conjecture $T_{mix}=δ^{-2+o(1)}$ has been proven, so far, only in the situation where $ϕ$ is an affine function. In this work, we prove the conjecture under the sole assumption that the limit shape $ϕ$ contains no frozen regions (facets).
description: 31 pages, 2 figures
Tightly-coupled manipulation pipelines: Combining traditional pipelines and end-to-end learning
Creators: name: James, Stephen Lloyd
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Traditionally, robot manipulation tasks are solved by engineering solutions in a modular fashion --- typically consisting of object detection, pose estimation, grasp planning, motion planning, and finally run a control algorithm to execute the planned motion. This traditional approach to robot manipulation separates the hard problem of manipulation into several self-contained stages, which can be developed independently, and gives interpretable outputs at each stage of the pipeline. However, this approach comes with a plethora of issues, most notably, their generalisability to a broad range of tasks; it is common that as tasks get more difficult, the systems become increasingly complex. To combat the flaws of these systems, recent trends have seen robots visually learning to predict actions and grasp locations directly from sensor input in an end-to-end manner using deep neural networks, without the need to explicitly model the in-between modules. This thesis investigates a sample of methods, which fall somewhere on a spectrum from pipelined to fully end-to-end, which we believe to be more advantageous for developing a general manipulation system; one that could eventually be used in highly dynamic and unpredictable household environments. The investigation starts at the far end of the spectrum, where we explore learning an end-to-end controller in simulation and then transferring to the real world by employing domain randomisation, and finish on the other end, with a new pipeline, where the individual modules bear little resemblance to the "traditional" ones. The thesis concludes with a proposition of a new paradigm: Tightly-coupled Manipulation Pipelines (TMP). Rather than learning all modules implicitly in one large, end-to-end network or conversely, having individual, pre-defined modules that are developed independently, TMPs suggest taking the best of both world by tightly coupling actions to observations, whilst still maintaining structure via an undefined number of learned modules, which do not have to bear any resemblance to the modules seen in "traditional" systems.
Littlewood--Paley--Rubio de Francia inequality for unbounded Vilenkin systems
Creators: name: Tselishchev, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C10 (43A75)

description: Rubio de Francia proved the one-sided version of Littlewood--Paley inequality for arbitrary intervals. In this paper, we prove the similar inequality in the context of arbitrary Vilenkin systems (that is, for functions on infinite products of cyclic groups). There are no assumptions on the orders of these groups.
description: 31 pages
Desire for information and alternative therapies of pet owners is associated with empathy and partnership-building of veterinarians
Creators: name: Merle, Roswitha
name: Küper, Alina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: pet owners
subject: veterinarians
subject: relationship
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Objectives The relationship between the pet owners’ desire for information and preference of alternative therapies and the veterinarians' ability to build partnership and communicate empathically was investigated using quantitative multifactorial analysis. Materials and Methods In an online survey, 1270 German pet owners were asked about their experience of veterinary appointments regarding communication and relationship building. Additional questions included the type and number of pets, years of animal husbandry, age, gender and education level. The factors associated with the pet owners’ desire for further information and alternative therapies were analysed in two multivariable linear models. A recently published structural equation model consolidated the following as latent factors: veterinarian's empathic communication, veterinarian's partnership building, pet owners' desire for further information and pet owners' desire for alternative therapies (e.g. non‐veterinary practitioners). Results The two veterinarian‐related factors of empathic communication and partnership building were positively associated with each other, but negatively associated with the pet owners’ desires. Dog owners and participants who owned animals for more than 2 years expressed less desire for further information. The desire for further information decreased with increasing age. The desire for alternative therapies was more among animal owners of more than 2 years and those visiting the same veterinary practice for over 2 years. Clinical Significance Veterinarians’ empathic communication and partnership building are key factors that satisfy clients' desires for information and alternative therapies. This comprises communicational skills regarding information sharing, as well as emotional aspects.
Rapid Detection of Salt Contents in Soil through Convolution Neural Network and Sensor Fusion
Creators: name: Lee, Min-Hyung
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Salt Detection
subject: UV-vis Spectroscopy
subject: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
subject: Sensor Fusion
subject: Convolutional Neural Network
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: Chemistry--Analytical
subject: Artificial Intelligence

description: Soil salt contents highly affect the ecology and human health. However, due to the complexity of soil, the evaluation has been reliant on analytical testing laboratory analysis. Such a practice requires the operation of high-cost equipment and long analysis time. Thus, the persistent monitoring for the soil quality is difficult. This study investigated a rapid salt contents determination method through the combination of Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and the application of convolutional neural network (CNN). For the spectroscopic measurement, 143 aqueous salt samples were prepared with various salts including Ca2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, Br-, SO42-, and HCO3-, and different concentrations thereof. The spectral data obtained from quadruple measurement on UV-Vis spectroscopy and EIS were individually analyzed to evaluate the candidacies of them. Also, through the principal component analysis (PCA), the effect of fused data incorporating UV-Vis and EIS spectra was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. A CNN network was designed to predict seven ionic contents at once such as Ca2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, Br-, SO42-, and HCO3-. The network was tested with individual and fused spectral datasets. The evaluations of the network performance were done with the test sets separated prior to the training process. The prediction tests showed the feasibility of UV-Vis and EIS spectroscopies in predicting ionic contents with RMSEP of 112.58 and 81.83 mmol/kg each. However, the prediction performance with the fused spectra was significantly improved with 48.58 mmol/kg RMSE. Also, the CNN was compared with other machine learning models, PLSR and random forest. PLSR and random forest resulted in 96.47 and 95.47 mmol/kg RMSEP each. From the comparison, the prediction capability of the proposed CNN network became further pronounced with 48.58 mmol/kg RMSEP.The detection of various ionic contents enables detailed information about the subjected area, providing chances for the development of ion-specific remediation methods thereof. The required spectroscopy devices are portable and rapid and can be operated on-site. This will facilitate a more frequent monitor of soil conditions in timely manner. Moreover, more datasets and the optimization of the CNN network will further improve the performance.
Strange Nonchaotic Bursting in A Quasiperiodially-Forced Hindmarsh-Rose Neuron
Creators: name: Lim, Woochang
name: Kim, Sang-Yoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the transition from a silent state to a bursting state by varying the dc stimulus in the Hindmarsh-Rose neuron under quasiperiodic stimulation. For this quasiperiodically forced case, a new type of strange nonchaotic (SN) bursting state is found to occur between the silent state and the chaotic bursting state. This is in contrast to the periodically forced case where the silent state transforms directly to a chaotic bursting state. Using a rational approximation to the quasiperiodic forcing, the mechanism for the appearance of such an SN bursting state is investigated. Thus, a smooth torus (corresponding to a silent state) is found to transform to an SN bursting attractor through a phase-dependent subcritical period-doubling bifurcation. These SN bursting states, together with chaotic bursting states, are characterized in terms of the interburst interval, the bursting length, and the number of spikes in each burst. Both bursting states are found to be aperiodic complex ones. Consequently, aperiodic complex burstings may result from two dynamically different states with strange geometry (one is chaotic and the other one is nonchaotic). Thus, in addition to chaotic burstings, SN burstings may become a dynamical origin for complex physiological rhythms which are ubiquitous in organisms.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Anyonic statistics revealed by the Hong-Ou-Mandel dip for fractional excitations
Creators: name: Jonckheere, T.
name: Rech, J.
name: Grémaud, B.
name: Martin, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is known to host anyons, quasiparticles whose statistics is intermediate between bosonic and fermionic. We show here that Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferences between excitations created by narrow voltage pulses on the edge states of a FQHE system at low temperature show a direct signature of anyonic statistics. The width of the HOM dip is universally fixed by the thermal time scale, independently of the intrinsic width of the excited fractional wavepackets. This universal width can be related to the anyonic braiding of the incoming excitations with thermal fluctuations created at the quantum point contact. We show that this effect could be realistically observed with periodic trains of narrow voltage pulses using current experimental techniques.
Economic costs of biological invasions in terrestrial ecosystems in Russia
Creators: name: Kirichenko, Natalia
name: Haubrock, Phillip J.
name: Cuthbert, Ross N.
name: Akulov, Evgeny
name: Karimova, Elena
name: Shneider, Yuri
name: Liu, Chunlong
name: Angulo, Elena
name: Diagne, Christophe
name: Courchamp, Franck
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Direct and indirect losses
subject: insects
subject: InvaCost
subject: invasive species
subject: pathogens
subject: Russian Federation
subject: weeds
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Terrestrial ecosystems, owing to the presence of key socio-economic sectors such as agriculture and forestry, may be particularly economically affected by biological invasions. The present study uses a subset of the recently developed database of global economic costs of biological invasions (InvaCost) to quantify the monetary costs of biological invasions in Russia, the largest country in the world that spans two continents. From 2007 up to 2019, invasions costed the Russian economy at least US$ 51.52 billion (RUB 1.38 trillion, n = 94 cost entries), with the vast majority of these costs based on predictions or extrapolations (US$ 50.86 billion; n = 87) and, therefore, not empirically observed. Most cost entries exhibited low geographic resolution, being split between European and Asian parts of Russia (US$ 44.17 billion; n = 72). Just US$ 7.35 billion (n = 22) was attributed to the European part solely and none to the Asian part. Invasion costs were documented for 72 species and particularly insects (37 species). The empirically-observed costs, summing up to US$ 660 million (n = 7), were reported only for four species: two insects Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire and Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) and two plants Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. The vast majority of economic costs were related to resource damages and economic losses, with very little reported expenditures on managing invasions in terrestrial ecosystems. In turn, agriculture (US$ 37.42 billion; n = 68) and forestry (US$ 14.0 billion; n = 20) were the most impacted sectors. Overall, we report burgeoning economic costs of invasions in Russia and identify major knowledge gaps, for example, concerning specific habitat types (i.e. aquatic) and management expenditures, as well as for numerous known invasive taxa with no reported economic costs (i.e. vertebrates). Given this massive, largely underestimated economic burden of invasions in Russia, our work is a call for improved reporting of costs nationally and internationally.
Infinitely many solutions for the prescribed boundary mean curvature problem on $\mathbb B^N$
Creators: name: Wang, Liping
name: Zhao, Chunyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the following prescribed boundary mean curvature problem in $\mathbb B^N$ with the Euclidean metric $-Δu =0$, $u>0$ in $B^N, \frac{\partial u}{\partialν} + \frac{N-2}{2} u =\frac{N-2}{2} K(x) u^{N/(N-2)}$ on $S^{N-1}, where $K$ is positive and rotationally symmetric on $\mathbb S^{N-1}$. We show that if ${K}$ has a local maximum point, then the equation has {\bf infinitely many positive} solutions, which are non-radial on $\mathbb S^{N-1}$.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0804.4030 by other authors
Rapid and robust synchronization via weak synaptic coupling Extended arXiv version
Creators: name: Lee, Jin Gyu
name: Sepulchre, Rodolphe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper examines how weak synaptic coupling can achieve rapid synchronization in heterogeneous networks. The assumptions aim at capturing the key mathematical properties that make this possible for biophysical networks. In particular, the combination of nodal excitability and synaptic coupling are shown to be essential to the phenomenon.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures
Evaluating urban micrometeorites as a research resource—A large population collected from a single rooftop
Creators: name: Suttle, M. D.
name: Hasse, T.
name: Hecht, Lutz
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: urban micrometeorites
subject: rooftop collection sites
subject: urban micrometeorite collections
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: We report the recovery and characterization of a new urban micrometeorite collection derived from the rooftop of an industrial building in Germany. We identified 315 micrometeorites (diameter: 55–515 µm, size peak: ˜150 µm, size distribution slope exponent: −2.62). They are predominantly S-type cosmic spherules (97.2%) but also two G-type spherules (0.6%), an unmelted coarse-grained single-mineral micrometeorite, and eight scoriaceous particles (2.5%) or particles transitional between scoriaceous micrometeorites and porphyritic spherules. Their analysis details how the magnetite rim on partially melted micrometeorites is progressively diluted as the melt fraction increases during heating. At least 10 micrometeorites contain platinum group nuggets (PGNs). They have chondritic compositions but are depleted in volatile Pd. However, a single nugget preserves chondritic Pd concentrations. We suggest that an Fe-Ni-S bead originally containing the PGN escaped its host cavity and wet the particle exterior, creating an Fe-rich melt that protected the nugget from evaporation. This melt layer oxidized forming magnetite—indicating that wetting events can affect the texture and composition of micrometeorites. Utilizing the well-constrained surface area (8400 m2) and rooftop age (21 yr), we attempted the first global mass flux estimate based on urban micrometeorite data. This produced anomalously low values (13.4 t yr–1), even when correcting for losses due to sample processing (<89.7 t yr–1). Our value is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than previous estimates, indicating that >99% of particles are missing, having been lost via drainage and cleaning. Rooftop collection sites have limited potential for mass flux calculations unless problems of loss can be resolved. However, urban micrometeorite collections have other advantages, notably exceptionally well-preserved particles with extremely young terrestrial ages and the ability to extract many micrometeorites from accessible sites. Urban micrometeorites should be considered complementary to Antarctic and deep-sea collections with potential for citizen science and educational exploitation.
Supplementary document for High-power, high-efficiency, all-fiberized-laser-pumped, sub-nanosecond, deep-UV laser at 260 nm - 5494142.pdf
Creators: name: Fu, Qiang
name: Hanrahan, Niall
name: Xu, Lin
name: Lane, Simon
name: Lin, Di
name: Jung, Yong-min
name: Mahajan, Sumeet
name: Richardson, David
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
Modeling HI at the field level
Creators: name: Obuljen, Andrej
name: Simonović, Marko
name: Schneider, Aurel
name: Feldmann, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use an analytical forward model based on perturbation theory to predict the neutral hydrogen (HI) overdensity maps at low redshifts. We investigate its performance by comparing it directly at the field level to the simulated HI from the IllustrisTNG simulation TNG300-1 ($L=205\ h^{-1}$ Mpc), in both real and redshift space. We demonstrate that HI is a biased tracer of the underlying matter field and find that the cubic bias model describes the simulated HI power spectrum to within 1% up to $k=0.4 \;(0.3) \,h\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ in real (redshift) space at redshifts $z=0,1$. Looking at counts in cells, we find an excellent agreement between the theory and simulations for cells as small as 5 $h^{-1}$ Mpc. These results are in line with expectations from perturbation theory and they imply that a perturbative description of the HI field is sufficiently accurate given the characteristics of upcoming 21cm intensity mapping surveys. Additionally, we study the statistical properties of the model error - the difference between the truth and the model. We show that on large scales this error is nearly Gaussian and that it has a flat power spectrum, with amplitude significantly lower than the standard noise inferred from the HI power spectrum. We explain the origin of this discrepancy, discuss its implications for the HI power spectrum Fisher matrix forecasts and argue that it motivates the HI field-level cosmological inference. On small scales in redshift space we use the difference between the model and the truth as a proxy for the Fingers-of-God effect. This allows us to estimate the nonlinear velocity dispersion of HI and show that it is smaller than for the typical spectroscopic galaxy samples at the same redshift. Finally, we provide a simple prescription based on the perturbative forward model which can be used to efficiently generate accurate HI mock data, in real and redshift space.
description: Hi-Fi mocks code available here: https://github.com/andrejobuljen/Hi-Fi_mocks. Updated to match version accepted by PRD. Minor changes in best-fit parameter values. Added appendix C
Nonlocal transport near the charge neutrality point in a two-dimensional electron-hole system
Creators: name: Gusev, G. M.
name: Olshanetsky, E. B.
name: Kvon, Z. D.
name: Levin, A. D.
name: Mikhailov, N. N.
name: Dvoretsky, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlocal resistance is studied in a two-dimensional system with a simultaneous presence of electrons and holes in a 20 nm HgTe quantum well. A large nonlocal electric response is found near the charge neutrality point (CNP) in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. We attribute the observed nonlocality to the edge state transport via counter propagating chiral modes similar to the quantum spin Hall effect at zero magnetic field and graphene near Landau filling factor $ν=0$
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
MOESM4 of Exploring the contributions of two glutamate decarboxylase isozymes in Lactobacillus brevis to acid resistance and γ-aminobutyric acid production
Creators: name: Lyu, Changjiang
name: Zhao, Weirui
name: Peng, Chunlong
name: Hu, Sheng
name: Fang, Hui
name: Hua, Yujiao
name: Yao, Shanjing
name: Huang, Jun
name: Mei, Lehe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 4. Figure S4. Time courses of cell growth, GABA production and residual MSG during the two-stage fed-batch fermentation. The L. brevis CK was cultured in a 5-L fermentor under the following conditions: medium volume 2 L, inoculum size 10% (v/v), agitation speed 100 rpm, and fermentation time 102 h. After cultivation at pH 5.2 and 35 °C for 24 h, the culture temperature and pH were changed and maintained at 40 °C and 4.4, respectively, during the second phase (24–102 h). At 24 h, 36 h, 48 h and 72 h, 200-mL aliquots of MSG (140 g per aliquot) were supplemented into the bioreactor. The pH was maintained at the set value with the addition of 3 mol/L H2SO4 and 3 mol/L NaOH.
Time-dependent spin-wave theory
Creators: name: Rückriegel, Andreas
name: Kreisel, Andreas
name: Kopietz, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the spin-wave expansion in powers of the inverse spin to time-dependent quantum spin models describing rotating magnets or magnets in time-dependent external fields. We show that in these cases, the spin operators should be projected onto properly defined rotating reference frames before the spin components are bosonized using the Holstein-Primakoff transformation. As a first application of our approach, we calculate the reorganization of the magnetic state due to Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons in the magnetic insulator yttrium-iron garnet; we predict a characteristic dip in the magnetization which should be measurable in experiments.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, final version published in PRB
Complete unitary qutrit control in ultracold atoms
Creators: name: Lindon, Joseph
name: Tashchilina, Arina
name: Cooke, Logan W.
name: LeBlanc, Lindsay J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical quantum systems are commonly composed of more than two levels and offer the capacity to encode information in higher-dimensional spaces beyond the qubit, starting with the three-level qutrit. Here, we encode neutral-atom qutrits in an ensemble of ultracold $^{87}$Rb and demonstrate arbitrary single-qutrit SU(3) gates. We generate a full set of gates using only two resonant microwave tones, including synthesizing a gate that effects a direct coupling between the two disconnected levels in the three-level $Λ$-scheme. Using two different gate sets, we implement and characterize the Walsh-Hadamard Fourier transform, and find similar final-state fidelity and purity from both approaches. This work establishes the ultracold neutral-atom qutrit as a promising platform for qutrit-based quantum information processing, extensions to $d$-dimensional qudits, and explorations in multilevel quantum state manipulations with nontrivial geometric phases.
description: 5 pages and 4 figures, plus 7 pages supplementary material. Updated to published version, journal reference now included