cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Morphological alterations of zooxanthellae in bleached cnidarian hosts
Creators: name: LADRIERE, Ophélie
name: COMPERE, Philippe
name: DECLOUX, Nicole
name: VANDEWALLE, Pierre
name: POULICEK, Mathieu
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2008

description: Studying the morphological changes of zooxanthellae in the host gastroderm is essential to understand the
 mechanisms of bleaching. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe samples from four coral species – three
 collected from a barrier reef in Madagascar (Acropora digitifera (Dana, 1846), Echinopora hirsutissima Milne-Edwards &
 Haime, 1849 and Porites (Synaraea) rus Forskål, 1775)) and one cut from an aquarium-grown coral (Pocillopora
 damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) − and from the hermatypic (zooxanthellae-containing) sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella
 (Carlgren, 1943). Zooxanthellae from bleached animals showed different stages of degradation or disorganization. Some
 were free, detached from the host gastroderm, associated or not with host-cell remains. Others were vacuolated, with
 abundant reserve material globules and angular holes probably created by the loss of crystalline material during cutting.
 Experimentally heat-shocked P. damicornis harboured, moreover, a greater number of dividing algae. Bleached individuals
 were found to vary as regards their response to stress, and zooxanthellae expelled from heat-shocked anemones showed a
 greater mitotic index and a higher survival rate than algae extracted or naturally externalized from healthy individuals. We
 propose a combination of morphological criteria for use in diagnosing the health state of algae-cnidarian symbiosis, so
 vulnerable in the case of bleaching.
Managing the Double Burden: Pregnancy and Labor-Intensive Time Use in Rural China, Mexico, and Tanzania
Creators: name: Lee, I-Heng Emma
name: Ng, Shu Wen
name: Peterman, Amber
name: Palermo, Tia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Labor-intensive work is often a way of life for women in rural areas of developing countries. However, physical exertion may result in poor health outcomes for mother and infant if continued through pregnancy. Using longitudinal data from China, Mexico and Tanzania, we examine the relationship between pregnancy and four time use outcomes, measured as hours spent in the last week on: 1) housework, 2) care giving, 3) agricultural work, and 4) self-employed or non-agricultural work outside the home. An individual fixed effects approach is adopted to overcome potential time invariant woman-level endogeneity of pregnancy status. With a few exceptions, we do not find significantly different time use patterns between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The assumption that women decrease labor intensive work in developing countries during pregnancy needs revisiting, and may have implications for both women’s livelihood programming and assistance during childbearing periods.
Additional information regarding climate conditions at the field site (S1), field and lab methods (S2), and statistical analysis (S3) from Burrowing detritivores regulate nutrient cycling in a desert ecosystem
Creators: name: Nevo Sagi
name: Grünzweig, José M.
name: Hawlena, Dror
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: (S1) Multiannual precipitation data, maximum and minimum daily temperatures, and wind speed data throughout the experimental period. (S2) Detailed description of the materials and methods used in the study - litter baskets experiment, soil sampling and lab microcosms. (S3) Detailed description of the statistical methods used in the study.
Nutrient loading and occurrence of potentially harmful phytoplankton species in the North Lake of Tunis (Tunisia)
Creators: name: ARMI, Zina
name: TURKI, Souad
name: TRABELSI, Elbahri
name: BEN MAIZ, Naceur
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2008

description: In the frame of a monitoring program, a systematic water sampling was carried out in different sites in the North Lake of Tunis. Sampling was performed twice a month from September 2005 to September 2006. The phytoplankton community was generally dominated by dinoflagellates or diatoms. During this annual cycle, the main results were: the detection of many potentially harmful species such as Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Dinophysis spp., Alexandrium spp., Prorocentrum spp. , Gyrodinium spp. and Coolia monotis. The presence o.f sorne of them, like Dinophysis sacculus and Gyrodinium spirale, was observed ali around the year,'
title:  La motivazione della sentenza (di lavoro): una vita complicat
Creators: name: de Angelis, Luigi
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: L’autore esamina l’evoluzione normativa in tema di motivazione della sentenza, in particolare di lavoro, ne indica le ragioni d’efficienza riaffermandone il ruolo di garanzia, evidenzia alcune distorsioni nella pratica giudiziaria, sostiene che la motivazione “tradizionale” abbia avuto un ruolo modesto nella crisi della giustizia.
Number-parity effect for confined fermions in one dimension
Creators: name: Schilling, Christian
name: Schilling, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For $N$ spin-polarized fermions with harmonic pair interactions in a $1$-dimensional trap an odd-even effect is found. The spectrum of the $1$-particle reduced density matrix of the system's ground state differs qualitatively for $N$ odd and $N$ even. This effect does only occur for strong attractive and repulsive interactions. Since it does not exists for bosons, it must originate from the repulsive nature implied by the fermionic exchange statistics. In contrast to the spectrum, the $1$-particle density and correlation function for strong attractive interactions do not show any sensitivity on the number parity. This also suggests that reduced-density-matrix-functional theory has a more subtle $N$-dependency than density functional theory.
description: published version
Accuracy of Standard Measures of Family Planning Service Quality: Findings from the Simulated Client Method
Creators: name: Tumlinson, Katherine
name: Curtis, Siân L.
name: Speizer, Ilene S.
name: Pence, Brian W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Despite widespread endorsement within the field of international family planning regarding the importance of quality of care as a reproductive right, the field has yet to develop validated data collection instruments to accurately assess quality in terms of its public health importance. This study, conducted among 19 higher volume public and private facilities in Kisumu, Kenya, used the simulated client method to test the validity of three standard data collection instruments included in large-scale facility surveys: provider interviews, client interviews, and observation of client-provider interactions. Results found low specificity and positive predictive values in each of the three instruments for a number of quality indicators, suggesting that quality of care may be overestimated by traditional methods. Revised approaches to measuring family planning service quality may be needed to ensure accurate assessment of programs and to better inform quality improvement interventions.
Electronic supplemental material from A perceptual bias for man-made objects in humans.
Creators: name: Ahamed Miflah Hussain Ismail
name: Solomon, Joshua A.
name: Hansard, Miles
name: Mareschal, Isabelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Details on image selection and stimulus creation, additional data analyses and additional experiments
General relativity as a two-dimensional CFT
Creators: name: Adamo, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tree-level scattering amplitudes of general relativity encode the full non-linearity of the Einstein field equations. Yet remarkably compact expressions for these amplitudes have been found which seem unrelated to a perturbative expansion of the Einstein-Hilbert action. This suggests an entirely different description of GR which makes this on-shell simplicity manifest. Taking our cue from the tree-level amplitudes, we discuss how such a description can be found. The result is a formulation of GR in terms of a solvable two-dimensional CFT, with the Einstein equations emerging as quantum consistency conditions.
description: 6 pages, no figures. Honorable Mention in the 2015 Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition
Emergency Contraceptive Knowledge and Use among Urban Women in Nigeria and Kenya
Creators: name: Keesbury, Jill
name: Morgan, Gwendolyn
name: Speizer, Ilene
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Rates of emergency contraception (EC) use in sub-Saharan Africa are highest in Kenya and Nigeria, although little is understood about user characteristics and use dynamics in these countries. In order to better meet the emergency contraceptive needs of women, and contribute to the limited knowledge base on EC in Africa, this study examines a large, representative sample of EC users. It draws on data collected from household surveys that included 7,785 sexually experienced women in urban Kenya and 12,653 sexually experienced women in urban Nigeria. Bivariate and multivariate analyses found that among these urban women, knowledge of EC was higher than reported in other nationally representative surveys (58% in Kenya and 31% in Nigeria). About 12% of sexually-experienced women in Kenya and 6% in Nigeria ever used EC, although fewer women (less than 5%) reported using EC in the past one year. Recent users of EC were more likely to be in their twenties, unmarried, and more highly educated than never users or ever users of EC in both countries. Results contradict public perceptions of EC users as younger adolescents, and indicate the importance of strengthening EC provision in Africa, including targeting information and services to unmarried women and supporting private pharmacies in delivering quality EC services.
DIFFICULTIES IN ESTIMATING MORTALITY-RATES OF EURYTEMORA-AFFINIS IN THE BRACKISH-WATER REGION OF THE ELBE ESTUARY
Creators: name: Peitsch, A.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1993

description: Mortality rates of the copepod Eurytemora affinis from the Elbe estuary were estimated. From April to September 1989 six samples were taken twice a week during the flood phase at an anchor station (km 695) in the oligohaline section of the Elbe estuary. Maxima of different instars were found at different times during the flood phase. The peaks of abundance were shifted from low to high water as the organisms grew older : it seems that the population would be slowly driven out of the estuary. To obtain a representative value of the population density for the calculation of mortality rates a weighted average of the abundance of each sampling day was used. With these data cohort analysis was carried out. Highest daily mortality rates occurred between naupliar stages V and VI. Mean mortality rates of nauplii were 0,15-0,26 d-1. For copopodids low daily mortality rates of 0,05 d-1 were estimated. Mortality in estuaries not only consists of predation and physiologically death. In addition the transport of animals from upstream and losses of animals to the downstream part of the estuary that the spatial separated maxima of different instats of Eurytemora affinis during a tidal phase affected the estimation of mortality rates.
Diffuse Synchrotron Emission from Galactic Cosmic Ray Electrons
Creators: name: Di Bernardo, Giuseppe
name: Grasso, Dario
name: Evoli, Carmelo
name: Gaggero, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synchrotron diffuse radiation (SDR) emission is one of the major Galactic components, in the 100 MHz up to 100 GHz frequency range. Its spectrum and sky map provide valuable measure of the galactic cosmic ray electrons (GCRE) in the relevant energy range, as well as of the strength and structure of the Galactic magnetic fields (GMF), both regular and random ones. This emission is an astrophysical sky foreground for the study of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), and the extragalactic microwave measurements, and it needs to be modelled as better as possible. In this regard, in order to get an accurate description of the SDR in the Galaxy, we use - for the first time in this context - 3-dimensional GCRE models obtained by running the DRAGON code. This allows us to account for a realistic spiral arm pattern of the source distribution, demanded to get a self-consistent treatment of all relevant energy losses influencing the final synchrotron spectrum.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, 1 table; submitted to ASTRA Proceedings (AP)
LONG-TERM DISTRIBUTION OF ZOOPLANKTON IN THE GIRONDE ESTUARY AND ITS RELATION WITH RIVER FLOW AND SUSPENDED MATTER
Creators: name: Castel, J.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1993

description: Mesozooplankton changes taking place in the Gironde estuary (South West France) were investigated during 14 years (1978-1991). The dominant autochthonous species, i.e. the Copepods Eurytemora affinis, Acartia bifilosa and the Mysids Neomysis integer and Mesopodopsis slabberi were taken into account and their long-term distribution was related to river flow. salinity, current velocity and suspended matter. There was a great decrease of the river flow during the period of investigation, due to a general deficit in pluviosity. On the contrary, the general trend for salinity was an increase from 1978 to 1991. For the suspended matter, a general increase was observed between 1978 and 198 1-1982, then a very sharp decrease occurred from 1984 onwards. The same trend was observed for the current velocity and was related to modifications of the morphology of the channels in the study area. E. affinis was inversely correlated with salinity and positively correlated with the river flow. An inverse correlation between A. bifilosa trend of abundance and river flow was observed mainly during the first ten years. Despite high salinities during the last three years, the average abundance of A. bifilosa was not regularly increased probably because of the poor exchanges of water during this period (decrease of the current velocity). The distribution of N. integer was slightly correlated with environmental factors, probably because the species is capable of displacement in the water and has benthic affinities. On the contrary, M. slabberi which is more pelagic, displayed the same distributional trend as Acartia. It is concluded that in the Gironde estuary, the degree of human alteration is weak and that the long-term distribution of the zooplankton can be explained by the natural environmental variability. The dominant factor is the river flow which governs the movements of the populations along the estuary. Emphasis is given to the fact that, in zooplankton research, time series must be long enough (> 10 years) to allow any convi
Differentiating Adolescent Suicide Attempters from Ideators: Examining the Interaction between Depression Severity and Alcohol Use
Creators: name: Spirito, Anthony
name: Prinstein, Mitchell J.
name: Becker, Sara J.
name: McManama O'Brien, Kimberly H.
name: Simon, Valerie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This study examined whether depressed mood, frequency of alcohol use, and their combination differentiated non-suicidal adolescents from those with suicidal ideation and adolescents with suicidal ideation from those who have made a suicide attempt. Hierarchical logistic regressions indicated that frequency of alcohol use did not differentiate non-suicidal adolescents from those with current suicidal ideation, but severity of depressed mood did so. In contrast, alcohol use was a significant differentiating factor between adolescents who had attempted suicide compared to those with suicidal ideation only, with severity of depressed mood not being significant. However, there was also a significant interaction effect such that for adolescents with suicidal ideation and low levels of depression, increased frequency of alcohol use was associated with increased odds of a suicide attempt. These findings suggest that alcohol use may hasten the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt in adolescents with low levels of depressed mood.
Electronic supplemental material from A perceptual bias for man-made objects in humans
Creators: name: Ahamed Miflah Hussain Ismail
name: Solomon, Joshua A.
name: Hansard, Miles
name: Mareschal, Isabelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Details on image selection and stimulus creation, additional data analyses and additional experiments
Evaluation of a Minimally Invasive Image-Guided Surgery System for Hepatic Ablation Procedures
Creators: name: Stefansic, James D.
name: Hansen, Paul D.
name: Clements, Logan W.
name: Wolf, Ronald F.
name: Hammill, Chet W.
name: Gerber, David A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The Explorer Minimally Invasive Liver (MIL) system uses imaging to create a 3-dimensional model of the liver. Intraoperatively, the system displays the position of instruments relative to the virtual liver. A prospective clinical study compared it with intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) in laparoscopic liver ablations.
Identifying Opportunities for Virtual Reality Simulation in Surgical Education: A Review of the Proceedings from the Innovation, Design, and Emerging Alliances in Surgery (IDEAS) Conference: VR Surgery
Creators: name: Lin, Ming C.
name: Jones, Daniel B.
name: Magee, J. Harvey
name: De, Suvranu
name: Olasky, Jaisa
name: Schwaitzberg, Steven D.
name: Aggarwal, Rajesh
name: Sankaranarayanan, Ganesh
name: Cao, Caroline G. L.
name: Brunt, L. Michael
name: Enquobahrie, Andinet
name: Seymour, Neal E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: To conduct a review of the state of virtual reality (VR) simulation technology, to identify areas of surgical education that have the greatest potential to benefit from it, and to identify challenges to implementation.
Agent-based mapping of credit risk for sustainable microfinance
Creators: name: Lee, Joung-Hun
name: Jusup, Marko
name: Podobnik, Boris
name: Iwasa, Yoh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by recent ideas on how the analysis of complex financial risks can benefit from analogies with independent research areas, we propose an unorthodox framework for mapping microfinance credit risk---a major obstacle to the sustainability of lenders outreaching to the poor. Specifically, using the elements of network theory, we constructed an agent-based model that obeys the stylised rules of microfinance industry. We found that in a deteriorating economic environment confounded with adverse selection, a form of latent moral hazard may cause a regime shift from a high to a low loan repayment probability. An after-the-fact recovery, when possible, required the economic environment to improve beyond that which led to the shift in the first place. These findings suggest a small set of measurable quantities for mapping microfinance credit risk and, consequently, for balancing the requirements to reasonably price loans and to operate on a fully self-financed basis. We illustrate how the proposed mapping works using a 10-year monthly data set from one of the best-known microfinance representatives, Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. Finally, we discuss an entirely new perspective for managing microfinance credit risk based on enticing spontaneous cooperation by building social capital.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Supplementary Materials: Constructing networks by filtering 2 correlation matrices: A null model approach.
Creators: name: Sadamori Kojaku
name: Masuda, Naoki
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20304 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Network analysis has been applied to various correlation matrix data. Thresholding on the value of the pairwise correlation is probably the most straightforward and common method to create a network from a correlation matrix. However, there have been criticisms on this thresholding approach such as an inability to filter out spurious correlations, which have led to proposals of alternative methods to overcome some of the problems. We propose a method to create networks from correlation matrices based on optimization with regularization, where we lay an edge between each pair of nodes if and only if the edge is unexpected from a null model. The proposed algorithm is advantageous in that it can be combined with different types of null models. Moreover, the algorithm can select the most plausible null model from a set of candidate null models using a model selection criterion. For three economic datasets, we find that the configuration model for correlation matrices is often preferred to standard null models. For country-level product export data, the present method better predicts main products exported from countries than sample correlation matrices do.
Analysis of Quantum Network Coding for Realistic Repeater Networks
Creators: name: Satoh, Takahiko
name: Ishizaki, Kaori
name: Nagayama, Shota
name: Van Meter, Rodney
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum repeater networks have attracted attention for the implementation of long-distance and large-scale sharing of quantum states. Recently, researchers extended classical network coding, which is a technique for throughput enhancement, into quantum information. The utility of quantum network coding (QNC) has been shown under ideal conditions, but it has not been studied previously under conditions of noise and shortage of quantum resources. We analyzed QNC on a butterfly network, which can create end-to-end Bell pairs at twice the rate of the standard quantum network repeater approach. The joint fidelity of creating two Bell pairs has a small penalty for QNC relative to entanglement swapping. It will thus be useful when we care more about throughput than fidelity. We found that the output fidelity drops below 0.5 when the initial Bell pairs have fidelity F < 0.90, even with perfect local gates. Local gate errors have a larger impact on quantum network coding than on entanglement swapping.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures
SUMMER ZONATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS WITHIN A SHALLOW MESOTIDAL SYSTEM - THE ESTUARY OF MUNDAKA
Creators: name: Villate, F.
name: Ruiz, A.
name: Franco, J.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1993

description: Two sampling series carried out in the estuary of Mundaka in July and August 1990 allowed us to obtain detailed information on the summer zonation and development of zooplankton populations under particular environmental conditions. i.e. very low river discharge throughout the study period. Copepods (largely dominated by Acartia bifilosa) and gastropod larvae were not only the dominant taxa, but also the main cause of the spatial and temporal patterns observed in the micro and mesozooplankton assemblages. Both showed maxima around 30 parts per thousand, salinity, but higher densities of microzooplankton were usually found at higher salinities than those corresponding to mesozooplankton, due mainly to the seaward skewed distribution of copepod nauplii. Large ciliates and rotifers distributed upstream than former taxa, dominating in salinities below 25 parts per thousand, but their contribution to total zooplankton was relatively low. Temporal variations in the copepod abundance reflected the development of successive cohorts of A. bifilosa, with an estimated generation time of about 25 days. The observed synchrony between the abundance of gastropod larvae and tidal amplitude supports the hypothesis that larval release took place around the spring tides, following a semilunar rhythmicity. As a result of these periodical fluctuations in the abundance of gastropod larvae, the compositional structure of the zooplankton community showed noticeable short-time changes in synchrony with the neap-spring tidal cycle.
Anatomical and pharmacological characterization of catecholamine transients in the medial prefrontal cortex evoked by ventral tegmental area stimulation
Creators: name: Robinson, Donita L.
name: Shnitko, Tatiana A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: ABSTRACT Voltammetric measurements of catecholamines in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are infrequent because of lack of chemical selectivity between dopamine and norepinephrine and their overlapping anatomical inputs. Here, we examined the contribution of norepinephrine to the catecholamine release in the mPFC evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Initially, electrical stimulation was delivered in the midbrain at incremental depths of −5 to −9.4 mm from bregma while catecholamine release was monitored in the mPFC. Although catecholamine release was observed at dorsal stimulation sites that may correspond to the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DNB, containing noradrenergic axonal projections to the mPFC), maximal release was evoked by stimulation of the VTA (the source of dopaminergic input to the mPFC). Next, VTA‐evoked catecholamine release was monitored in the mPFC before and after knife incision of the DNB, and no significant changes in the evoked catecholamine signals were found. These data indicated that DNB fibers did not contribute to the VTA‐evoked catecholamine release observed in the mPFC. Finally, while the D2‐receptor antagonist raclopride significantly altered VTA‐evoked catecholamine release, the α 2 ‐adrenergic receptor antagonist idazoxan did not. Specifically, raclopride reduced catecholamine release in the mPFC, opposite to that observed in the striatum, indicating differential autoreceptor regulation of mesocortical and mesostriatal neurons. Together, these findings suggest that the catecholamine release in the mPFC arising from VTA stimulation was predominately dopaminergic rather than noradrenergic. Synapse 68:131–143, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Voltammetric measurements of catecholamines in the medial prefrontal cortex are infrequent because of lack of chemical selectivity between dopamine and norepinephrine and overlapping anatomical input. Here, we validated electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as a method to evoke dopamine rather than norepinephrine release in the mPFC.
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF SHALLOW-WATER HYPERBENTHIC MYSIDS (CRUSTACEA, MYSIDACEA) AND EUPHAUSIIDS (CRUSTACEA, EUPHAUSIACEA) IN THE VOORDELTA AND THE WESTERSCHELDE, SOUTHWEST NETHERLANDS
Creators: name: Mees, J.
name: Cattrijsse, A.
name: Hamerlynck, O.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1993

description: The hyperbenthic mysids and euphausiids of the subtidal shallow coastal waters (the Voordelta) and the Westerschelde estuary in the Delta area (SW Netherlands) were regularly sampled between 1988 and 1991. Two salt marshes in the brackish part of the estuary were studied in the same period. Eight mysid species and one euphausiid species were identified. The spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of all species are described. The most abundant species in the coastal area is Schistomysis spiritus, followed by Mesopodopsis slabberi, Schistomysis kervillei, and Gastrosaccus spinifer. In the marine part of the Westerschelde the same four species are dominant but densities are generally higher than in the coastal area. Only Siriella armata and the euphausiid Nyctiphanes couchi never enter the estuary. Highest mysid densities, mainly M. slabberi and the estuarine endemic Neomysis integer, are found in the brackish part of the Westerschelde. Praunus flexuosus is a euryhaline species with a preference for the intertidal areas. The estuarine populations of N. integer, M. slabberi, P. flexuosus, and - to a lesser extent - S. spiritus seem to utilise the salt marshes during periods of reproduction.
Genome-Scale Phylogenetics: Inferring the Plant Tree of Life from 18,896 Gene Trees
Creators: name: Wehe, André
name: Hartmann, Stefanie
name: Eulenstein, Oliver
name: Burleigh, J. Gordon
name: Bansal, Mukul S.
name: Vision, Todd J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Phylogenetic analyses using genome-scale data sets must confront incongruence among gene trees, which in plants is exacerbated by frequent gene duplications and losses. Gene tree parsimony (GTP) is a phylogenetic optimization criterion in which a species tree that minimizes the number of gene duplications induced among a set of gene trees is selected. The run time performance of previous implementations has limited its use on large-scale data sets. We used new software that incorporates recent algorithmic advances to examine the performance of GTP on a plant data set consisting of 18,896 gene trees containing 510,922 protein sequences from 136 plant taxa (giving a combined alignment length of >2.9 million characters). The relationships inferred from the GTP analysis were largely consistent with previous large-scale studies of backbone plant phylogeny and resolved some controversial nodes. The placement of taxa that were present in few gene trees generally varied the most among GTP bootstrap replicates. Excluding these taxa either before or after the GTP analysis revealed high levels of phylogenetic support across plants. The analyses supported magnoliids sister to a eudicot + monocot clade and did not support the eurosid I and II clades. This study presents a nuclear genomic perspective on the broad-scale phylogenic relationships among plants, and it demonstrates that nuclear genes with a history of duplication and loss can be phylogenetically informative for resolving the plant tree of life.
Bell's theorem and the issue of determinism and indeterminism
Creators: name: Esfeld, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper considers the claim that quantum theories with a deterministic dynamics of objects in ordinary space-time, such as Bohmian mechanics, contradict the assumption that the measurement settings can be freely chosen in the EPR experiment. That assumption is one of the premises of Bell's theorem. I first argue that only a premise to the effect that what determines the choice of the measurement settings is independent of what determines the past state of the measured system is needed for the derivation of Bell's theorem. Determinism as such does not undermine that independence (unless there are particular initial conditions of the universe that would amount to conspiracy). Only entanglement could do so. However, generic entanglement without collapse on the level of the universal wave function can go together with effective wave functions for subsystems of the universe, as in Bohmian mechanics. The paper argues that such effective wave functions are sufficient for the mentioned independence premise to hold.
Supplementary Materials: Constructing networks by filtering 2 correlation matrices: A null model approach
Creators: name: Sadamori Kojaku
name: Masuda, Naoki
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20304 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Network analysis has been applied to various correlation matrix data. Thresholding on the value of the pairwise correlation is probably the most straightforward and common method to create a network from a correlation matrix. However, there have been criticisms on this thresholding approach such as an inability to filter out spurious correlations, which have led to proposals of alternative methods to overcome some of the problems. We propose a method to create networks from correlation matrices based on optimization with regularization, where we lay an edge between each pair of nodes if and only if the edge is unexpected from a null model. The proposed algorithm is advantageous in that it can be combined with different types of null models. Moreover, the algorithm can select the most plausible null model from a set of candidate null models using a model selection criterion. For three economic datasets, we find that the configuration model for correlation matrices is often preferred to standard null models. For country-level product export data, the present method better predicts main products exported from countries than sample correlation matrices do.
Abnormal Vessel Tortuosity as a Marker of Treatment Response of Malignant Gliomas: Preliminary Report
Creators: name: Gerig, Guido
name: Smith, J. Keith
name: Jung, Inkyung
name: Aylward, Stephen
name: Muller, Keith
name: Ewend, Matthew G.
name: Joshi, Sarang
name: Lin, Weili
name: Bullitt, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Despite multiple advances in medical imaging, noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic efficacy for malignant gliomas remains problematic. An underutilized observation is that malignancy induces characteristic abnormalities of vessel shape. These characteristic shape abnormalities affect both capillaries and much larger vessels in the tumor vicinity, involve larger vessels prior to sprout formation, and are generally not present in hypervascular benign tumors. Vessel shape abnormalities associated with malignancy thus may appear independently of increase in vessel density. We hypothesize that an automated, computerized analysis of vessel shape as defined from high-resolution MRA can provide valuable information about tumor activity during the treatment of malignant gliomas. This report describes vessel shape properties in 10 malignant gliomas prior to treatment, in 2 patients in remission during treatment, and in 2 patients with recurrent disease. One subject was scanned multiple times. The method involves an automated, statistical analysis of vessel shape within a region of interest for each tumor, normalized by the values obtained from the vessels within the same region of interest of 34 healthy subjects. Results indicate that untreated tumors display statistically significant vessel tortuosity abnormalities. These abnormalities involve vessels not only within the tumor margins as defined from MR but also vessels in the surrounding tissue. The abnormalities resolve during effective treatment and recur with tumor recurrence. We conclude that vessel shape analysis could provide an important means of assessing tumor activity.
Occurrence of a filefish closely related to Stephanolepis diaspros (Osteichthyes: Monacanthidae) off northern Tunisian coast (south-western Mediterranean Sea)
Creators: name: BEN AMOR, Mohamed Mourad
name: CAPAPÉ, Christian
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2008

description: In this paper, the authors present morphological aspects , main morphometric characteristics and meristic counts of 3 adult specimens, 1 female and 2 males closely re1ated to those of the reticulated leathe1jack Stephanolepis diaspros Fraser-Brünner, 1940; however the colour patterns were rather close of those of the relative species S. hispidus (Linnaeus , 1766). These specimens were captured off Tabarka (northern Tunisia) and constituted, to date , the northernmost record of S. diaspros in the region and the westernmost in the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, examination of stomach contents revealed that the three specimens exclusively ingested polychaetes , the main species recorded being the worm Platynereis dumerilii.
Correlation of MR Perfusion Imaging and Vessel Tortuosity Parameters in Assessment of Intracranial Neoplasms
Creators: name: Smith, J. Keith
name: Parikh, Anup H.
name: Ewend, Matthew G.
name: Bullitt, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Advances in noninvasive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance perfusion imaging have been found useful in grading cerebral neoplasms and have potential for significant clinical benefit. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between tumor vessel tortuosity as measured from vessels extracted from magnetic resonance angiograms (MRA) and perfusion parameters of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) in intracranial neoplasms. We hypothesized that tumor blood vessel tortuosity measures and perfusion measures would be correlated, since both are increased by tumor angiogenesis. 18 patients with 19 cerebral neoplasms were evaluated with conventional MR imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced T2-weighted perfusion MR imaging (PWI). Both benign and malignant lesions were included, as were hyper- and hypovascular tumors. Regions of interest were plotted within the tumor area to locate foci of maximum CBV and CBF. CBV and CBF measurements were also recorded in contralateral normal appearing white matter to calculate relative CBV (rCBV) and relative CBF (rCBF). Vessel tortuosity analyses were conducted upon vessels segmented from MRA images of the same patients using two tortuosity descriptors (SOAM and ICM), which have previously been demonstrated to have efficacy in separating benign from malignant disease. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine if correlations exist between CBV or CBF and the two tortuosity measurements. For the overall set of tumors, no significant correlations were found between flow or volume measures and the tortuosity measures. However, when the 7 glioblastoma multiforme tumors were examined as a subgroup, the following significant correlations were found: rCBV and SOAM (R2=0.799), rCBV and ICM (R2=0.214). Our results demonstrate that MR perfusion imaging data do not correlate significantly with vessel tortuosity parameters as determined from the larger vessels seen by MRA. However, for subgroups of a particular tumor type such as GBM, there may be significant correlations. It appears that perfusion and tortuosity data may provide independently useful data in the assessment of cerebral neoplasms.
Single top partner production in the Higgs to diphoton channel in the Littlest Higgs Model with $T$-parity
Creators: name: Liu, Ning
name: Wu, Lei
name: Yang, Bingfang
name: Zhang, Mengchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The top partner as a hallmark of the Littlest Higgs model with $T$-parity (LHT model) has been extensively searched for during the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run-1. With the increasing mass limits on the top partner, the single production of the top partner will be dominant over the pair production. Under the constraints from the Higgs data, the electroweak precision observables and $R_b$, we find that the mass of $T$-even top partner ($T_+$) has to be heavier than 730 GeV. Then, we investigate the observability of the single $T$-even top partner production through the process $pp \to T_+ j$ with the sequent decay $T_+ \to th$ in the di-photon channel in the LHT model at the LHC. We find that the mass of $T_+$ can be excluded up to 800 GeV at $2σ$ level at 14 TeV LHC with the integrated luminosity ${\cal L}=3$ ab$^{-1}$.
Metric perturbations produced by eccentric equatorial orbits around a Kerr black hole
Creators: name: van de Meent, Maarten
name: Shah, Abhay G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first numerical calculation of the (local) metric perturbation produced by a small compact object moving on an eccentric equatorial geodesic around a Kerr black hole, accurate to first order in the mass ratio. The procedure starts by first solving the Teukolsky equation to obtain the Weyl scalar $ψ_4$ using semi-analytical methods. The metric perturbation is then reconstructed from $ψ_4$ in an (outgoing) radiation gauge, adding the appropriate non-radiative contributions arising from the shifts in mass and angular momentum of the spacetime. As a demonstration we calculate the generalized redshift $U$ as a function of the orbital frequencies $Ω_r$ and $Ω_ϕ$ to linear order in the mass ratio, a gauge invariant measure of the conservative corrections to the orbit due to self-interactions. In Schwarzschild, the results surpass the existing result in the literature in accuracy, and we find new estimates for some of the unknown 4PN and 5PN terms in the post-Newtonian expansion of $U$. In Kerr, we provide completely novel values of $U$ for eccentric equatorial orbits. Calculation of the full self-force will appear in a forthcoming paper.
description: Fix typo in eq 60
THE HYPERBENTHIC AMPHIPODA AND ISOPODA OF THE VOORDELTA AND THE WESTERSCHELDE ESTUARY
Creators: name: Cattrijsse, A.
name: Mees, J.
name: Hamerlynck, O.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1993

description: Data are reported on the amphipods and isopods taken in a sledge-type hyperbenthos sampler in the subtidal of the Voordelta, a shallow coastal area and the Westerschelde, the last true estuary of the delta area (SW Netherlands). More than 300 samples were collected between 1988 and 1991. Two salt marshes in the brackish part of the estuary were sampled monthly with a flume net in 1990 and 1991. A total of 46 amphipod species (42 gammarideans, 3 caprellids and 1 hyperiid), 19 of which are new for the area were recorded. The dominant amphipod species in the Voordelta and the marine part of the Westerschelde estuary are Atylus swammerdami and Gammarus crinicornis. Estimated densities of both species are high comparison to these estimated from macrobenthos samples taken in the same area. This suggests that an important part of the population swims above the bottom and is subsequently overlooked in benthos surveys using only grabs or corers. Some amphipod species that had not been previously recorded from the area were found to be quite common inhabitants of the hyperbenthal.The dominant species in the brackish part of the estuary are Corophium volutator, Gammarus salinus, Pleusymtes glaber and Bathyporeia species. In the salt marshes the same species are dominant but densities are much higher than in the main estuarine channel. Gammarus zaddachi is only present in the salt marshes. The only abundant Isopoda are Idotea linearis in the Voordelta and Paragnathia formica, Eurydice pulchra and Lekanesphaera rugicauda in the salt marshes. From a total of 8 species, there were no new records for the study area.
Complete action for open superstring field theory
Creators: name: Kunitomo, Hiroshi
name: Okawa, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a complete action for open superstring field theory that includes the Neveu-Schwarz sector and the Ramond sector. For the Neveu-Schwarz sector, we use the string field in the large Hilbert space of the superconformal ghost sector, and the action in the Neveu-Schwarz sector is the same as the Wess-Zumino-Witten-like action of the Berkovits formulation. For the Ramond sector, it is known that the BRST cohomology on an appropriate subspace of the small Hilbert space reproduces the correct spectrum, and we use the string field projected to this subspace. We show that the action is invariant under gauge transformations that are consistent with the projection for the string field in the Ramond sector.
description: 44 pages, no figures; v2: minor corrections and improvement; v3: minor changes including a change in the title, version published in PTEP
Composite Photon Theory Versus Elementary Photon Theory
Creators: name: Perkins, Walton A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this paper is to show that the composite photon theory measures up well against the Standard Model's elementary photon theory. This is done by comparing the two theories area by area. Although the predictions of quantum electrodynamics are in excellent agreement with experiment (as in the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron), there are some problems, such as the difficulty in describing the electromagnetic field with the four-component vector potential because the photon has only two polarization states. In most areas the two theories give similar results, so it is impossible to rule out the composite photon theory. Pryce's arguments in 1938 against a composite photon theory are shown to be invalid or irrelevant. Recently, it has been realized that in the composite theory the antiphoton does not interact with matter because it is formed of a neutrino and an antineutrino with the wrong helicity. This leads to experimental tests that can determine which theory is correct.