cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
$ν$ Electroweak Baryogenesis: The Scalar Singlet Strikes Back
Creators: name: Fernández-Martínez, E.
name: López-Pavón, J.
name: No, J. M.
name: Ota, T.
name: Rosauro-Alcaraz, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a thorough scan of the parameter space of a general singlet scalar extension of the Standard Model to identify the regions which can lead to a strong first-order phase transition, as required by the electroweak baryogenesis mechanism. We find that taking into account bubble nucleation is a fundamental constraint on the parameter space and present a conservative and fast estimate for it to enable efficient parameter space scanning. The allowed regions turn out to be already significantly probed by constraints on the scalar mixing from Higgs signal strength measurements. We also consider the addition of new neutrino singlet fields with Yukawa couplings to both scalars and forming heavy (pseudo)-Dirac pairs, as in the linear or inverse see-saw mechanisms for neutrino mass generation. Interestingly, we identify an interplay between the strength of the phase transition and the stability of the electroweak vacuum which prevents these Yukawa couplings to become arbitrarily large. Thus, their inclusion does not alter the early universe phenomenology or allowed parameter space in a significant way. Conversely, we find allowed regions of the parameter space where the presence of the neutrino singlets would remarkably modify the collider phenomenology, yielding interesting new signatures in Higgs and singlet scalar decays.
description: Matches published version. Scatter plots scanning the parameter space with many more statistics
Demystifying Employment Authorization and Prosecutorial Discretion in Immigration Cases
Creators: name: Wadhia, Shoba Sivaprasad
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2015

description: On November 20, 2014, President Barack Obama announced a series of immigration programs aimed to reform the immigration system. Deferred Action for Parents of Americans or Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA) and extended Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) represent two such programs announced by the President. Both programs extend deferred action (one form of prosecutorial discretion) to qualifying individuals. Deferred action has been part of the immigration system for more than 50 years, and has been named explicitly by Congress, federal courts, and the agencies responsible for administering immigration laws. Additionally, regulations list deferred action as one basis for work authorization. The President’s deferred action programs offered room for a healthy debate about immigration law and policy. The debate was intensified by a lawsuit brought by the state of Texas and 25 other states challenging the deferred action programs, and a subsequent judicial opinion enjoining these programs. Much of the tension has centered on the ability for a deferred action grantee to obtain ancillary benefits like employment authorization or lawful presence. This conflict has enabled great distortion about the limits and benefits of prosecutorial discretion in immigration law. In this Article, I seek to clarify the relationship between prosecutorial discretion and employment authorization and describe the historical precedent for allowing qualifying noncitizens to apply for work authorization based on a prosecutorial discretion grant. I also examine the policy questions that are raised by the current legal framework and policy for work authorization. My methodology for this Article is to review the primary and secondary sources of law for prosecutorial discretion and employment authorization; analyze a related data set of more than 200,000 work authorization applications processed by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services retrieved through the Freedom of Information Act; and begin a policy discussion on the benefits of enabling prosecutorial discretion beneficiaries to be authorized to work in the United States. This Article is the first to analyze the law and policy of employment authorization and prosecutorial discretion and builds naturally from my body of work developed on the role of immigration prosecutorial discretion generally, and deferred action in particular.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016)
Bars to Education: The Use of Criminal History Information in College Admissions
Creators: name: Ramaswamy, Rebecca R.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2015

description: One in four Americans has a record reflecting some form of involvement with the criminal justice system, and the law currently does very little to protect an individual from discriminatory treatment on the basis of that record. In 2010, the Center for Community Alternatives published a report that revealed a widespread practice among colleges and universities of obtaining and relying upon criminal history information in admissions proceedings. This Note asks whether, if this practice results in a racially disproportionate adverse impact on admissions decisions, there exists disparate impact liability that could be challenged by the Department of Education under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act. The Note begins by focusing on the well-documented overrepresentation of people of color in the criminal justice system and some of the post-incarceration social harms that affect this population. Next, the Note explores challenges to the use of criminal history information in the employment context—which has received much more attention than higher education—and how disparate impact frameworks in education cases have been used to challenge other practices that create disproportionate adverse effects. Finally, the Note describes the application of the disparate impact test to the practice at issue and concludes that if a prima facie case can be made, the purported educational necessity behind this practice can be achieved through less discriminatory means.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 5 No. 2 (2015)
The Shrouded Borderland Between Preemption and Discrimination: A Framework for the Analysis of City Ordinances That Require Proof of Citizenship or Legal Residency as a Condition to Rent a Dwelling Place
Creators: name: Zayas Morales, Carlo E.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2015

description: In the absence of a comprehensive reform of the federal immigration system, numerous cities, counties, and local governments have passed various local laws and ordinances aimed at addressing the externalities of a growing influx of undocumented immigrants. Recently, there has been a proliferation of local ordinances that establish licensing schemes intended to prohibit a landlord from leasing his property to individuals who lack proof of citizenship or legal immigration status. Three federal circuit courts have addressed potential preemption issues that arise from such ordinances. Due to the lack of clarity in the U.S. Supreme Court’s preemption jurisprudence within the context of immigration law, the three circuits have split over the validity of these local efforts to deny undocumented immigrants the right to basic housing. While one of the federal circuit courts examined in this Note has found such ordinances to not be preempted by federal immigration law, the other two courts to consider the issue have reached the opposite conclusion. In so doing, each federal circuit court decision has relied on the ambiguities of the doctrine of preemption to advance or hinder local laws that discriminate against undocumented foreigners. In light of this background, this Note analyzes the discriminatory implications of such local immigration laws. More importantly, this Note proposes an analytical framework that will offer a unified, non-discriminatory federal answer concerning the authority of state and local governments to adopt laws that encumber undocumented immigrants’ rights to housing.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 5 No. 2 (2015)
Cherokee Freedmen and the Color of Belonging
Creators: name: Inniss, Lolita Buckner
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2015

description: This Article addresses the Cherokee Nation and its historic conflict with the descendants of its former black slaves, designated Cherokee Freedmen. This Article specifically addresses how historic discussions of black, red, and white skin colors, designating the African-ancestored, aboriginal (Native American), and European ancestored people of the United States, have helped to shape the contours of color-based national belonging among the Cherokee. The Cherokee past practice of black slavery and the past and continuing use of skin color-coded belonging not only undermines the coherence of Cherokee sovereignty, identity, and belonging but also problematizes the notion of an explicitly aboriginal way of life by bridging red and white cultural difference over a point of legal and ethical contention: black inequality.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 5 No. 2 (2015)
Relationship between Colours of Ochre from Roussillon and Content of Iron-Bearing Minerals
Creators: name: Dubiel, S. M.
name: Cieslak, J.
name: Tarasiuk, J.
name: Niziol, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nine samples of ochre originating from the Sentier des Ocres near Roussillon, France, were studied with Mossbauer spectroscopy and Spectro-photo-colorimetry. The former yielded a quantitative phase analysis of iron containing minerals (goethite, hematite and kaolin), and the latter enabled determination of the CIE-L*a*b* colorimetric coefficients. Based on the results obtained it is shown that both a* and b* coordinates are responsible for the colour of the investigated ochres.
Continuous Symmetry Breaking in a Trapped-Ion Spin Chain
Creators: name: Feng, Lei
name: Katz, Or
name: Haack, Casey
name: Maghrebi, Mohammad
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
name: Gong, Zhexuan
name: Cetina, Marko
name: Monroe, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One-dimensional systems exhibiting a continuous symmetry can host quantum phases of matter with true long-range order only in the presence of sufficiently long-range interactions. In most physical systems, however, the interactions are short-ranged, hindering the emergence of such phases in one dimension. Here we use a one-dimensional trapped-ion quantum simulator to prepare states with long-range spin order that extends over the system size of up to $23$ spins and is characteristic of the continuous symmetry-breaking phase of matter. Our preparation relies on simultaneous control over an array of tightly focused individual-addressing laser beams, generating long-range spin-spin interactions. We also observe a disordered phase with frustrated correlations. We further study the phases at different ranges of interaction and the out-of-equilibrium response to symmetry-breaking perturbations. This work opens an avenue to study new quantum phases and out-of-equilibrium dynamics in low-dimensional systems.
A Critique of the Motivations Behind Negative Action Against Asian Americans in U.S. Universities: The Model Victims
Creators: name: Ho, Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2015

description: To deal effectively with negative action against Asian Americans, it is crucial to first understand the motivations behind negative action. This Article posits that these motivations are complex—they are an intricate tapestry of racism and benevolence interwoven with both conscious and unintentional aspects. In theorizing about and critiquing these motivations by unpacking a 4-quadrant matrix, it seeks a deeper understanding of how to deal with negative action against the “Model Victims.” This Article further suggests that the tensions arising from negative action flow from the Supreme Court’s adoption of a pure diversity rationale for affirmative action; it is necessary to have a more nuanced conception of college diversity that remains true to the spirit of remediation for America’s legacy of racial injustice while simultaneously seeking to dismantle stereotypes and racism. Finally, it discusses the possible ways for Asian Americans to deal with negative action going forward. Only by seriously grappling with its own history and the cultural scripts that disadvantage Asian Americans—and all groups of color—can America hope to effectuate its ideals of true meritocracy.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 5 No. 2 (2015)
Color in the “Black Box”: Addressing Racism in Juror Deliberations
Creators: name: Chandran, Ashok
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2015

description: The idea of trial by an impartial jury lies at the core of American criminal justice. Yet racism—both explicit and implicit—often has profound impacts on the administration of criminal law and criminal procedure. Such bias manifests itself at all levels of the system, including the deliberative process itself. Currently, however, defendants of color have limited options in challenging racism in juries. This Note analyzes a current circuit split over whether Rule 606(b) provides defendants with one avenue of recourse by introducing juror testimony about statements made during the deliberative process. By looking at the history leading up to the Rule’s enactment, this Note centers institutional legitimacy in the discussion, arguing that the Rule was born out of a desire to preserve the legitimacy of a jury trial following the demise of the trial by ordeal. By barring the introduction of juror testimony about allegedly racist statements made during deliberations, this Note goes on to posit, a strict textual interpretation of Rule 606(b) actually delegitimizes the jury trial in the eyes of communities of color. A strict commitment to the text, therefore, flies in the face of the very purposes of the Rule.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 5 No. 1 (2015)
Nano-scale brushes: How to build a smart surface coating
Creators: name: Merlitz, Holger
name: He, Gui-Li
name: Wu, Chen-Xu
name: Sommer, Jens-Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Via computer simulations, we demonstrate how a densely grafted layer of polymers, a {\it brush}, could be turned into an efficient switch through chemical modification of some of its end-monomers. In this way, a surface coating with reversibly switchable properties can be constructed. We analyze the fundamental physical principle behind its function, a recently discovered surface instability, and demonstrate that the combination of a high grafting density, an inflated end-group size and a high degree of monodispersity are conditions for an optimal functionality of the switch.
The Rise of Speed Deportation and the Role of Discretion
Creators: name: Wadhia, Shoba Sivaprasad
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2015

description: In 2013, the majority of people deported never saw a courtroom or immigration judge. Instead, they were quickly removed by the Department of Homeland Security via one of several procedures collectively referred to as “speed deportation.” The policy goals of speed deportation are economic; these processes save government resources from being spent on procedural safeguards such as a trial attorney, immigration judge, and a fundamentally fair hearing. Higher deportation numbers may also benefit the image the government seeks to portray to policymakers who support amplified immigration enforcement. However, the human consequences of speed deportation are significant and can result in the ejection of people who would otherwise qualify for relief before an immigration judge or otherwise present strong equities like family ties, long-term residence, and steady employment in the United States. Moreover, the risk that the government may wrongly classify a person as a candidate for speed deportation is more than a remote possibility. This Article examines deportations resulting from the expedited removal, administrative removal, and reinstatement of removal orders programs and the extent to which the government has discretion to give individuals who present compelling equities, including eligibility for relief, a more complete court proceeding before an immigration judge. This Article ends with recommendations the Department of Homeland Security can take to provide a “day in court” for such individuals.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 5 No. 1 (2015)
Cohomology of quiver moduli, functional equations, and integrality of Donaldson-Thomas type invariants
Creators: name: Reineke, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A system of functional equations relating the Euler characteristics of moduli spaces of stable representations of quivers and the Euler characteristics of (Hilbert scheme-type) framed versions of quiver moduli is derived. This is applied to wall-crossing formulas for the Donaldson-Thomas type invariants of M. Kontsevich and Y. Soibelman, in particular confirming their integrality.
description: 24 pages
Evaluating omics-based tests with Bayesian Decision Curve Analysis
Creators: name: Netto Flores Cruz, Giuliano
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Omics-based tests (OBTs) combine high-dimensional omics features into clinical prediction models that predict diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment effects. Past incidences of premature implementa- tion of OBTs into clinical trials have demonstrated the need for increased rigour in their clinical evaluation. However, their performance assessment is often limited to classification metrics such as sensitivity and specificity, with little regard for formal analysis of clinical decision-making. Decision curve analysis (DCA) complements classification metrics by combining classical assessment of pre- dictive performance with the consequences of using a test or model to guide clinical decisions. In DCA, the best clinical decision strategy, such as diagnosing or treating based on an OBT, is the one that maximizes the concept of net benefit: the net number of true positives (or negatives) provided by a given clinical decision strategy. Before reaching real patients, we must be sufficiently confi- dent that new OBTs actually provide superior clinical decision strategies, as compared to default, standard-of-care strategies. Trained on hundreds to thousands of features, OBTs are particularly prone to chance results. In this context, the present work develops parametric Bayesian approaches to DCA that allow uncertainty quantification around four fundamental concerns when evaluating OBT-guided clinical decision strategies: (i) which strategies are clinically useful, (ii) what is the best available decision strategy, (iii) direct pairwise comparisons between strategies, and (iv) what is the consequence of the current level of uncertainty. We evaluate the methods using simulation studies and present a comprehensive case study. We also provide an application to a recently- developed OBT for multi-cancer early detection. Software implementation of the method is freely available in the bayesDCA R package. Ultimately, the Bayesian DCA workflow may help clinicians and health policymakers make better-informed decisions when choosing and implementing clinical decision strategies based on OBTs.
Maternal ambivalence in the relationship between a mother and infant in the infant's first year of life
Creators: name: Patton, Andrea
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This qualitative research study, based on data obtained from a 12 month psychoanalytic infant observation, explores the emergence and manifestations of maternal ambivalence in the relationship between a mother and infant, during the infant's first year of life. The research is presented as a single case study. Whilst literature is considered from the fields of object-relations psychoanalysis and feminist perspectives of psychoanalysis, particular consideration is given to themes raised in Donald Winnicott's seminal work 'Hate in the Countertransference.' Winnicott's paper, specifically his list of reasons 'why a mother hates her baby' is used as a thematic framework for analysing the research findings. The study concludes that for mothers, ambivalence is a typical and ordinary experience in the relationship with the infant, though there can be considerable anxiety and tension associated with this experience which can challenge the mother's capacity to manage her ambivalence. However, the experience of maternal ambivalence may also contribute to a more empathic understanding of the infant, if the mother is able to reflect on her range of experiences in the relationship. Finally, this thesis concludes with recommendations for work in the perinatal and maternal mental health field. All names and identifying personal details used in the findings have been changed to ensure confidentiality.
On Death’s Doorstep: The Racially Stratified Impact of the Michigan Self-Defense Act and Why Race-Centric Advocacy is Not the Answer
Creators: name: Wolf, Jacob
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2015

description: On July 20, 2006, Michigan joined the growing number of states to enact “Stand Your Ground” legislation. These statutes marked a dramatic expansion of the common law Castle Doctrine by allowing individuals to employ deadly force against assailants without first considering whether there were reasonably available avenues of retreat to safety. This Note first examines the effect of the Michigan Self-Defense Act on the state’s legal landscape, ultimately concluding that the law provides individuals with an over broad license to use deadly force in situations that could be resolved peacefully. This leads to the creation of a “shoot first” culture in which individuals feel empowered to resort to violent self-defense tactics without first evaluating alternative available means. This Note argues that the shoot first culture enabled by the Act poses a disproportionate threat to Black Americans due to the longstanding subconscious associations of Blackness with criminality. Black Americans thus face a significantly greater likelihood of being incorrectly perceived as threatening, and, coupled with the statute’s expansive permit to use deadly force, killed by those who opt to stand their ground. The Note also argues that race-centric advocacy strategies opposing Stand Your Ground laws are likely to be polarizing and ineffective, and instead proposes a shift to principles grounded in empathy and dialogue.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 5 No. 1 (2015)
Zero mode solutions of quark Dirac equations in QCD as the sources of chirality violating condensates
Creators: name: Ioffe, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is demonstrated, that chirality violating condensates in massless QCD arise from zero mode solutions of Dirac equations in arbitrary gluon fields. Basing of this idea, the model is suggested, which allows one to calculate quark condensate magnetic susceptibilities in the external constant electromagnetic field.
description: 7 pages
Imperfect Many-Body Localization in Exchange-Disordered Isotropic Spin Chains
Creators: name: Siegl, Julian
name: Schliemann, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate many-body localization in isotropic Heisenberg spin chains with the local exchange parameters being subject to quenched disorder. Such systems incorporate a nonabelian symmetry in their Hamiltonian by an invariance under global SU(2)-rotations. Nonabelian symmetries are predicted to hinder the emergence of a many-body localized phase even in presence of strong disorder. We report on numerical studies using exact diagonalization for chains of common spin length 1/2 and 1. The averaged consecutive-gap ratios display a transition compatible with a crossover from an ergodic phase at small disorder strength to an incompletely localized phase at stronger disorder. The sample-to-sample variance of the averaged consecutive-gap ratio displays a maximum at the transition and distinguishes the incompletely localized phase from a fully many-body localized phase by its scaling behavior.
HEALTH LIBRARY INITIATIVES IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Creators: name: Neto, Martins
name: Silva, Eduardo
name: da Costa Dias, Fernando
name: Segundo, José
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: Health science; librarians and COVID-19 pandemic.

description: The purpose of this protocol is to summarize the actions of health science librarians around the world in COVID-19 pandemic.
title: Instytucja sędziów pokoju na przykładzie USA
Creators: name: Liszewski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2019

description: Niniejsza praca opisuje instytucję sędziów pokoju (ang. justices of the peace) w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki na przestrzeni lat, od ich genezy w średniowiecznej Anglii, poprzez jej rozwój, następnie ekspansję do USA oraz funkcjonowanie po dzień dzisiejszy. Ukazuje jej przemiany na przestrzeni lat oraz opisuje jej działanie we współczesnych częściach składowych USA, łącznie z pozytywnymi i pejoratywnymi cechami. Zawiera również odniesienia do polskiego systemu prawnego w tym aspekcie.
Tribe-Sanctioned Nuclear Waste Facilities and Their Involuntary Neighbors
Creators: name: Nelson, R. Benjamin
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2014

description: In 2010, President Barack Obama appointed the Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future (BRC) in order to study options for dealing with nuclear waste as alternatives to replace permanent disposal at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The BRC recommended a new voluntary siting mechanism based on the Nuclear Waste Negotiator (NWN), an expired program decried as “radioactive racism” for its almost exclusive focus on Native Americans. The NWN inspired numerous articles supporting or opposing tribes’ efforts to host nuclear waste facilities. Rather than focus on the tribal majorities that have pursued such facilities, as previous scholarship has done, this Note refocuses the analysis on the substantial tribal minorities that have actively opposed their leaderships’ decisions to host such facilities. The Note has two main goals. First, it seeks to elucidate the uphill legal battle that minority tribe members face under current law if they decide to challenge the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ approval of the lease for a facility that their tribal leadership has signed. Second, it offers specific recommendations for Congress to implement as part of its impending nuclear waste legislation.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014)
Recovering Phosphine in Venus' Atmosphere from SOFIA Observations
Creators: name: Greaves, Jane S.
name: Petkowski, Janusz J.
name: Richards, Anita M. S.
name: Sousa-Silva, Clara
name: Seager, Sara
name: Clements, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches for phosphine in Venus' atmosphere have sparked a debate. Cordiner et al. 2022 analyse spectra from the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) and infer <0.8 ppb of PH3. We noticed that some spectral artefacts arose from non-essential calibration-load signals. By-passing these signals allows simpler post-processing and a 5.7σ candidate detection, suggesting approx. 3 ppb of PH3 above the clouds. Compiling six phosphine results hints at an inverted abundance trend: decreasing above the clouds but rising again in the mesosphere from some unexplained source. However, no such extra source is needed if phosphine is undergoing destruction by sunlight (photolysis), to a similar degree as on Earth. Low phosphine values/limits are found where the viewed part of the super-rotating Venusian atmosphere had passed through sunlight, while high values are from views moving into sunlight. We suggest Venusian phosphine is indeed present, and so merits further work on models of its origins.
description: v2 is an updated and revised version of the paper
Making Rights Real: Effectuating the Due Process Rights of Particularly Vulnerable Immigrants in Removal Proceedings Through Administrative Mechanisms
Creators: name: Gradilla, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2014

description: Immigration removal proceedings provide insufficient due process protections to certain immigrants. Vulnerable immigrants who cannot adequately represent themselves are expected to do so even if they cannot afford an attorney or qualified Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) representative. This Note argues that the Department of Justice’s (DOJ) Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR) can and should pass regulations that safeguard particularly vulnerable immigrants’ due process rights. These regulations should instruct immigration judges (IJ) to affirmatively determine whether due process requires that a qualified legal representative—either an attorney or BIA representative—advocate for a particularly vulnerable immigrant in a removal proceeding before an IJ decides the case on its merits. The rules would constitute an administrative framework that safeguards immigrants’ due process rights. This proposed administrative framework is rooted in a reading of current common and statutory law that allows the Attorney General to delegate the necessary authority to IJs to effectuate the suggested regime.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014)
Raw data peDNA and morphology
Creators: name: Kjærstad, Gaute
name: Majaneva, Markus
name: Topstad, Lasse
name: Falahati-Anbaran, Mohsen
name: Finstad, Anders
name: arnekleiv, jo
name: Ekrem, Torbjørn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 60204 Freshwater Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Raw data and supplementary material for the research article "DNA metabarcoding of preservative ethanol reveals changes in invertebrate community composition following rotenone treatmen" (Kjærstad et al. 2022).
Bose-Einstein condensate in a quartic potential: Static and Dynamic properties
Creators: name: Chaudhary, G. K.
name: Chattopadhyay, Amit K
name: Ramakumar, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a theoretical study of a Bose-Einstein condensate of interacting bosons in a quartic trap in one, two, and three dimensions. Using Thomas-Fermi approximation, suitably complemented by numerical solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we study the ground sate condensate density profiles, the chemical potential, the effects of cross-terms in the quartic potential, temporal evolution of various energy components of the condensate, and width oscillations of the condensate. Results obtained are compared with corresponding results for a bose condensate in a harmonic confinement.
description: revised version, content reorganized, 15 pages including figures, references added
Bothrophthalmus brunneus Peters
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Ophidia
Lamprophiidae
Bothrophthalmus

description: * Bothrophthalmus brunneus Gü.
Kamerun v. H. Dr. Passavant. [1]
Diese seltene Schlange liegt uns in einem wohlerhaltenen fast ıneterlangen Stücke vor. Günther stellt diese Art zur Gattung Elaphis. Unser Exemplar macht in seinem Gesammthabitus eher den Eindruck eines Tropidonotus oder Helicops, während B. melauozostus Jan, den unsere Sammlung nun in 4 Stücken besitzt, durch seine Schlankheit eine wesentlich andere Physiognomie darbietet.
Hinterster Mexillarzahn lang, ohne Furche. Zügel- und Hinteraugengegend tief ausgestemnıt. Zügelschild von der Gestalt zweier an einem Ende rechtwinklig aufeinander treffender Rechtecke. Nasenschild getheilt; das weite Nnsenloch zwischen diesen zwei Schildern und dem praefrontale gelegen. Es sind bei unserm Stück zwei praeocularia da, das untere scheint zu labiale 4 zu gehören, das obere begrenzt nach vorne die orbita, legt sich nach der Kopfﬂäche um uud schiebt sich zwischen superciliare und postfrontale ein. Dieser obere Theil des praeoculare erscheint bei erster Ansicht als selbständiges Schild; von ihm geht ein schmaler Fortsatz unter dem superciliare ans Auge. Die Stelle., wo das praeoculare in diesen obersten Theil umbiegt, liegt in der Tiefe der Praeorbitalrinne und ist so tief eingeschnitten, dass nur bei genauer Ansicht der vermeintliche Spalt als blesse Einbiegung sich erweist. Von den 7 supralabialien berührt blos das fünfte das Auge; infralnbíalia 8, von denen 4 mit den inframaxillaren in Contact.
Sämmtliche Schilder des Oberkopfs mit unregelmässig gewundenen Rändern. Praefrontalia viel kleiner als postfrontalia, nach vorne verschmälert ähnlich wie bei den Natrieiden. Verticale vorne abgerundet, mit parallelen Seiten, hinten mit spitzem Dreieck zwischen die occipitalia eingreifend; letztere kurz, ihre Sutur nicht so lang als das verticale, sie senden seitliche Fortsätze zwisehen untere und obere postocularia. — Temporalia 2 + 3, blos eines in Berührung mit dem (untern) postoculare. - Schuppenreihen 23, die äusserste schwach, die übrigen kräftig gekielt. - Färbung wie bei Günther. — 196 + 1 + c. 66/₂. — Gesamnıtlänge 96 cm., wovon Schwanz 18.
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on pages 680-681, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
The Numbers Matter: An Update to the Implementation of New York’s Prison Gerrymandering Law
Creators: name: Galloway, Devon
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2014

description: To combat the rise of “Prison-Based Gerrymandering”, the New York State Assembly enacted a law requiring prisoners to be counted in their “home” districts. These laws changed the Census Bureau’s “usual residence rule”, which required the Bureau to count prisoners in their places of incarceration. While the law has been a firm step forward to combat prison gerrymandering, the law excludes from reapportionment prisoners who cannot provide a known address. This Note argues that New York has provided no legal justification for excluding prisoners from reapportionment, especially given the fact that there are many in similar situations who are counted. The Note also proposes some solutions to make sure that other states passing these reforms are not excluding prisoners from the census count for unwarranted reasons.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014)
Title VII Challenges to Security Clearance Referrals: Rattigan Points the Way
Creators: name: Blaisdell, Demetri
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2014

description: In a nearly unbroken line of cases since the Supreme Court’s ruling in Department of the Navy v. Egan, courts have dismissed as nonjusticiable lawsuits challenging any aspect of the security clearance process, including claims brought under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. However, in a 2012 D.C. Circuit case, Rattigan v. Holder, plaintiff Wilfred Rattigan won a narrow decision that altered the legal landscape surrounding security clearance referrals. Judge David Tatel’s opinion for the majority on re-hearing preserved a Title VII challenge to a discriminatory security clearance referral, albeit on a knowingly false standard. This Note provides a careful reading of that opinion, situating it in the wider legal context of Title VII and the Egan doctrine. It argues that Rattigan gives the strongest indication to date of a limit on the broad reading of Egan that has developed over the last twenty-five years, a prediction that has been borne out by the first few cases to apply Rattigan. It further argues that the chilling argument pressed by government lawyers in Rattigan may actually support allowing plaintiffs like Rattigan to litigate their claims, instead of dismissing them as nonjusticiable. The D.C. Circuit’s approach points the way towards an appropriate judicial role in supervising security clearance referrals.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014)
A New Computational Fluid Dynamics Code I: Fyris Alpha
Creators: name: Sutherland, Ralph S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new hydrodynamics code aimed at astrophysical applications has been developed. The new code and algorithms are presented along with a comprehensive suite of test problems in one, two, and three dimensions. The new code is shown to be robust and accurate, equalling or improving upon a set of comparison codes. Fyris Alpha will be made freely available to the scientific community.
description: 59 pages, 27 figures For associated code see http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/fyris
Human-Inspired Balancing and Recovery Stepping for Humanoid Robots
Creators: name: Kaul, Lukas Sebastian
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2019
Subjects: Humanoide Robotik
Regelungstechnik
Maschinelles Lernen
Balancieren
Optimierung
Humanoid robotics
Control systems
Machine learning
Balancing
Optimization

description: Robustly maintaining balance on two legs is an important challenge for humanoid robots. The work presented in this book represents a contribution to this area. It investigates efficient methods for the decision-making from internal sensors about whether and where to step, several improvements to efficient whole-body postural balancing methods, and proposes and evaluates a novel method for efficient recovery step generation, leveraging human examples and simulation-based reinforcement learning.
Foreclosures and Financial Aid: Mind Over Mortgages in Closing the Plus Loan Gap
Creators: name: Dean, Kamille Wolff
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2014

description: Renewed discussion has recently emerged to help strengthen the middle class by increasing access to college. President Barack Obama is at the forefront of the discussion to make college more affordable by prompting universities to become more efficient. Using education as a gateway to success, the Obama Administration proposed a number of initiatives to deter college spending and promote financial aid accountability. This Article analyzes the nuances in financial aid that stem from the Higher Education Act of 1965 (“HEA”), which is set for reauthorization in 2014. The Article addresses an array of inherent problems in the current student loan industry, particularly as the student aid system relates to the federal Parent Loan for Undergraduate Students (“PLUS”) loan program. Specifically, the discussion defines the scope of consumer financial reform pertaining to student loans, and proposes adequate revision to the student loan provisions of the HEA to soundly provide college funding to financially distressed students and their families. The discussion also proposes a number of recommendations and best practices for relieving the heavy burden of student loan debt carried by Americans that now amounts to over 1 trillion dollars. The movement towards eroding wealth inequality through the attainment of higher education emerges as a viable opportunity for promoting innovative reform in the student loan industry. Such action is plausible considering the reauthorization of the HEA that is presently under consideration. This Article analyzes the new programs related to the agenda of lowering student debt while expanding affordable credit to attend college. Emerging student loan products are evaluated and refined to offer suggestions for the equitable implementation and enforcement of revised student loan terms.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014)
Note on antisymmetric spin-tensors
Creators: name: Zinoviev, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was known for a long time that in d = 4 dimensions it is impossible to construct the Lagrangian for antisymmetric second rank spin-tensor that will be invariant under the gauge transformations with unconstrained spin-vector parameter. But recently a paper arXiv:0902.1471 appeared where gauge invariant Lagrangians for antisymmetric spin-tensors of arbitrary rank n in d > 2n were constructed using powerful BRST approach. To clarify apparent contradiction, in this note we carry a direct independent analysis of the most general first order Lagrangian for the massless antisymmetric spin-tensor of second rank. Our analysis shows that gauge invariant Lagrangian does exist but in d > 4 dimensions only, while in d = 4 this Lagrangian becomes identically zero. As a byproduct, we obtain a very simple and convenient form of this massless Lagrangian that makes deformation to AdS space and/or massive case a simple task as we explicitly show here. Moreover, this simple form admits natural and straightforward generalization on the case of massive antisymmetric spin-tensors of rank n for d > 2n.
description: 7 pages, no figures
Higgs boson decay into heavy quarks and heavy leptons: higher order corrections
Creators: name: Kim, Victor T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical predictions for the decay width of Standard Model Higgs boson into bottom quarks and tau-leptons, in the case when M_H< 2M_W, are briefly reviewed. The effects of higher order perturbative QCD (up to alpha_s^4-level) and QED corrections are considered. The uncertainties of the decay width of Higgs boson into bb and tau+tau- are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, invited talk at the 3rd Joint International "Hadron Structure - 2009" (HS'09) Workshop, Tatranska Strba, Slovakia, Aug. 30 - Sept. 3, 2009
China’s Apologetic Justice: Lessons for the United States?
Creators: name: Nguyen, Xuan-Thao
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2014

description: Many scholars have criticized Congressional apology resolutions for slavery as inadequate and ineffective. Ironically, Congress may look to China’s apologetic justice in intentional intellectual property infringements to learn valuable lessons about apologies and how to incorporate them into righting wrongs. China requires that the wrongdoer who intentionally harms or infringes the intellectual property rights of another make a public apology in a newspaper or trade journal, in addition to stopping the harm and paying for compensatory damages and costs. If the wrongdoer does not timely make the public apology, the infringed party will draft and publish the public apology in the wrongdoer’s name and charge the associated expenses to the wrongdoer. Again, the public apology is in addition to, not in lieu of, injunctive relief and damages. If Congress approaches apology resolutions to slavery in a similar way to what China has done for remedies in intentional intellectual property infringements, Congress will adequately address scholars’ criticisms.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 4 No. 2 (2014)
Rethinking Rewriting: Tribal Constitutional Amendment And Reform
Creators: name: Hipp, Jason P.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2013

description: This Essay examines the recent wave of American Indian tribal constitutional change through the framework of subnational constitutional theory. When tribes rewrite their constitutions, they not only address internal tribal questions and communicate tribal values, but also engage with other subnational entities, i.e. states, and the federal government. This Essay applies that framework to a study of tribal constitutional amendment and reform procedures. Focusing on the processes of constitutional change produces insight into tribes’ status as “domestic dependent sovereigns” in the contemporary era of self-determination, a status reflected in the opportunities, and limitations, inherent in tribal constitutions. In so doing, this Essay aims to highlight an aspect of tribal constitution writing that enables successful reform and communicates the significance and goals of constitutionalism within the tribal context.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 4 No. 1 (2013)
Characterising cosmic birefringence in the presence of galactic foregrounds and instrumental systematic effects
Creators: name: Jost, Baptiste
name: Errard, Josquin
name: Stompor, Radek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a possibility of constraining isotropic cosmic birefringence with help of cosmic microwave background polarisation data in the presence of polarisation angle miscalibration without relying on any assumptions about the Galactic foreground angular power spectra and in particular on their EB correlation. We propose a new analysis framework based on a generalised parametric component separation approach, which accounts simultaneously on the presence of galactic foregrounds, relevant instrumental effects and external priors. We find that upcoming multi-frequency CMB data with appropriate calibration priors will allow producing an instrumental-effect-corrected and foreground-cleaned CMB map, which can be used to estimate the isotropic birefringence angle and the tensor-to-scalar ratio, accounting on statistical and systematic uncertainties incurred during the entire procedure. In particular, in the case of a Simons Observatory-like, three Small Aperture Telescopes, we derive an uncertainty on the birefringence angle of $σ(β_{b}) = 0.07^\circ$ (0.1$^\circ$), assuming the standard cosmology and calibration priors for all (single) frequency channels with the precision of $σ(α_i)= 0.1^\circ$ as aimed at by the near future ground-based experiments. This implies that these experiments could confirm or disprove the recently detected value of $β_b=0.35^\circ$ with a significance between $3$ and $5 σ$. [abridged version]
description: 20 pages, 9 figures