cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The invention support environment : using metacognitive scaffolding and interactive learning environments to improve learning from invention
Creators: name: Holmes, Natasha Grace
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Invention activities are discovery-learning activities that ask students to invent a solution to a problem before being taught the expert solution. The combination of invention activities and tell-and-practice methods has been shown to lead to better student learning and performance on transfer tasks, as compared to tell-and-practice methods alone. A computer-based interactive learning environment, called the Invention Support Environment (ISE), was built using Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools to improve the in-class use of invention activities, and act as a research tool for studying the effects of the activities. The system was designed to support three levels of metacognitive scaffolding, using domain-general prompts. It also features a platform for creating new invention tasks within the system, requiring little to no programming experience. The ISE was used to evaluate how domain-general scaffolding of invention activities can best support acquisition of domain knowledge and scientific reasoning skills. Five invention activities in statistics and data-analysis domains were given to 134 undergraduate students in a physics lab course at the University of British Columbia. Students either received guidance in the form of faded metacognitive scaffolding or unguided inventions. It was found that faded metacognitive scaffolding did not improve learning of invention skills compared to unguided inventions. Faded metacognitive scaffolding was found to improve understanding of domain equations, as seen through higher performance on debugging items in a statistics diagnostic. Future experimental design and ISE improvements are discussed.
Fear Not
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: Reviews several books about the U.S. economy. "The Good Life and Its Discontents: The American Dream in the Age of Enlightenment 1945-1995," by Robert J. Samuelson; "The End of Affluence: The Causes and Consequences of America's Economic Dilemma," by Jeffrey Madrick; "America Unequal," by Sheldon Danziger and Peter Gottschalk.
Imaging of quantum Hall states in ultracold atomic gases
Creators: name: Douglas, James S.
name: Burnett, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine off-resonant light scattering from ultracold atoms in the quantum Hall regime. When the light scattering is spin dependent, we show that images formed in the far field can be used to distinguish states of the system. The spatial dependence of the far-field images is determined by the two-particle spin-correlation functions, which the images are related to by a transformation. Quasiholes in the system appear in images of the density formed by collecting the scattered light with a microscope, where the quasihole statistics are revealed by the reduction in density at the quasihole position.
MOESM1 of Kluyveromyces marxianus developing ethanol tolerance during adaptive evolution with significant improvements of multiple pathways
Creators: name: Mo, Wenjuan
name: Wang, Mengzhu
name: Zhan, Rongrong
name: Yu, Yao
name: He, Yungang
name: Lu, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The growth rate of KM and KM-100d at different ethanol concentrations. Fig. S2. Flow cytometer analysis for DNA content variation during K. marxianus evolution. Fig. S3. Heat map for log2ratio values with clustered genes and groups. Fig. S4. GO enrichment analysis for KM and KM-100d exposed in low and high ethanol. Fig. S5. Secretory pathway and cell wall biogenesis in K. marxianus pre- and post-evolution. Table S1. Primers for RT-qPCR analysis.
Modelling commuters' responses to advanced traveller information provided for prolonged and large-scale network disruptions: case study of west lrt construction in the city of Calgary
Creators: name: Saleemi, Hina
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 126-137.
description: Includes a copy of Ethics Review form. Original with original copy of Partial Copyright Licence.
description: The objective of this paper was the modelling of commuters' reactions to both en-route and pretrip information advising route diversions due to construction of the West LRT (Light Rail Transit) in the City of Calgary, Canada. The West LRT line construction primarily affected the daily commute through the Bow Trail and 1 ih Avenue SW corridors between downtown and 69th Street SW. Many road closures occurred in the vicinity of the LRT construction zones. Data on commuters' route-making decisions were obtained by conducting a revealed preference and stated preference survey on a sample of users of the main affected roads. A discrete choice model was calibrated to model the changes in travel behaviour under the influence of an advance traveller information system. In this model, the effects of various factors, such as sources of congestion information (radio, television, West LRT website, newsletters and variable message signs (VMS)), various demographic characteristics, congestion level, trip characteristics, weather conditions, frequency of driving in the vicinity of the LRT construction zone, familiarity with alternative routes and route characteristics, on the decision to divert or not to divert were considered. Statistical tests showed that drivers switched their mode during the West LRT construction. Multinomial logistic regression models were estimated to examine the drivers' reactions to both pre-trip information (newsletters) and en-route information (VMS). The model results indicated that drivers' preferred the use of variable message signs to that of newsletters. Keywords: West LR T Construction, Drivers' Route Diversion Behaviours, Drivers' Reactions to Pre-trip and En-route Information, Comparison of Variable Message Signs and Newsletters
Design of a mega-sub-controlled building system under stochastic wind loads
Creators: name: Feng, Maria Q.
name: Chai, Winston
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Vibration control of high-rise buildings under wind loads with application of the mega-sub-control method is studied in this paper. A building with a megasub-configuration consists of two major structural components - a megastructure as the main structural frame and several sub-structures for residential and/or commercial usage. The authors have previously proposed a ‘megasub-control method’ in which the sub-structures are designed to serve as vibration control dampers. The control objective is to suppress certain critical building responses such as inter-story drifts of the mega-structure for the purpose of structural safety and acceleration response of the sub-structures for the purpose of protecting contents and improving human comfort. The feasibility of this method has been explored by the authors in previous publications. In this study, the procedure of optimally designing dynamic parameters of a megasub-controlled building under stochastic wind loads is developed, together with two possible structural configurations which provide a mega-sub-control mechanism. The mega-structure of a mega-sub-building is modeled as a cantilever beam to retain the dominant bending mode characteristics of highrise buildings, and the sub-structure as a shear building to retain the shear mode. The fluctuating wind speed is modeled as a non-white random process in both time and space domains. The power spectral density (PSD) of critical building responses is obtained using the random vibration theory. The mean square value (MSV) of those responses, as functions of the dynamic parameters including the stiffness and damping ratio of the sub-structures, are evaluated from their PSD by numerical integration in the frequency domain. The optimal values of the dynamic parameters are determined by minimizing the MSV of certain critical building responses. An example building is used to demonstrate the design procedure and the numerical simulation of the response quantities in the time domain is carried out to verify the MSV of the building responses obtained from the random vibration theory in the frequency domain. The results show that the proposed design procedure is suitable to apply to a mega-sub-building with different sub-structural configurations. The MSV obtained from the random vibration theory in the frequency domain and from the numerical simulation in the time domain exhibit an excellent agreement. It is also found that the megasub-control method is robust in the sense that slight change in the dynamic parameters affects the building's performance very little. With the design procedure developed, and the corresponding favorable building response demonstrated, this paper has enhanced the feasibility of application of the mega-sub-control method to actual high-rise buildings for wind vibration suppression.
Predictors of HIV, HIV Risk Perception, and HIV Worry Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Lilongwe, Malawi
Creators: name: Bekker, L.-G.
name: Hosseinipour, M.C.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Tang, J.H.
name: Price, J.T.
name: Vansia, D.
name: Maseko, B.
name: Phanga, T.
name: Brar, S.K.
name: Bhushan, N.L.
name: Rosenberg, N.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: BACKGROUND: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa have high HIV prevalence and incidence. We sought to understand which HIV risk factors individually and in combination contribute to risk, and whether these factors are associated with HIV worry and risk perception. SETTING: This study is ongoing at 4 public health centers in Lilongwe, Malawi (2016-2017).METHODS: AGYW of 15-24 years old were recruited to participate in a study assessing 4 models of service delivery. At each health center, participants completed a baseline survey assessing socioeconomic, behavioral, biomedical, and partnership characteristics; self-reported HIV status; and, if HIV-uninfected, HIV risk perception (high versus low or none) and HIV worry (any versus none). We analyzed associations between baseline characteristics and HIV prevalence, risk perception, and worry. RESULTS: Among 1000 AGYW, median age was 19 years (IQR: 17-21). Thirty-three participants reported being HIV-infected. Fifteen characteristics were associated with HIV infection. Having more risk factors was associated with higher HIV prevalence (≤4 factors, 0.5%; 5-8 factors, 6%; >8 factors, 21%). Having more risk factors was also associated with higher risk perception (P < 0.001) and higher worry (P < 0.001). However, among those with ≥8 risk factors, 52% did not consider themselves to be at high risk and 21% did not report any HIV worry. CONCLUSIONS: Most AGYW perceive little risk of HIV acquisition, even those at highest risk. As a critical gap in the HIV prevention cascade, accurate risk perception is needed to tailor effective and sustained combination prevention strategies for this vulnerable population.
title: Lower epigastric artery pseudoaneurysm: an uncommon complication following interventional procedures, surgery or trauma
Creators: name: Vaz, Andre
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Abdomen
subject: Vascular
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Puncture
subject: Haemorrhage
subject: Prospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To report a case of pseudoaneurysm of the inferior epigastric artery To demonstrate imaging findings of inferior epigastric artery pseudoaneurysm To briefly review the...
A survey of SiO $J=$ 1 -- 0 emission toward massive star-forming regions
Creators: name: Kim, W. -J.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Veena, V. S.
name: Fuller, G. A.
name: Schilke, P.
name: Kim, K-T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The application of silicon monoxide (SiO) as a shock tracer arises from its propensity to occur in the gas phase as a result of shock-induced phenomena, including outflow activity and interactions between molecular clouds and expanding HII regions or supernova remnants. We searched for indications of shocks toward 366 massive star-forming regions by observing the ground rotational transition of SiO ($v=0$, $J=1-0$) at 43 GHz with the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) 21 m telescopes to extend our understanding on the origins of SiO in star-forming regions. We detected SiO emission toward 104 regions that consist of 57 IRDCs, 21 HMPOs, and 26 UCHIIs. The determined median SiO column density, $N$(SiO), and abundance, $X$(SiO), relative to $N$(H$_2$) are $8.12\times10^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$ and $1.28\times10^{-10}$, respectively. These values are similar to those obtained toward other star-forming regions and also consistent with predicted values from shock models with low-velocity shocks ($\lesssim$10 - 15 km s$^{-1}$). While the $X$(SiO) does not exhibit any strong correlation with the evolutionary stages of their host clumps, $L_{\rm SiO}$ is highly correlated with dust clump mass, and $L_{\rm SiO}/L_{\rm bol}$ also has a strong negative correlation with $T_{\rm dust}$. This shows that colder and younger clumps have high $L_{\rm SiO}/L_{\rm bol}$ suggestive of an evolutionary trend. This trend is not due to excess emission at higher velocities, such as SiO wing features, as the colder sources with high $L_{\rm SiO}/L_{\rm bol}$ ratios lack wing features. Comparing SiO emission with H$_2$O and Class I CH$_3$OH masers, we find a significant correlation between $L_{\rm SiO}$/$L_{\rm bol}$ and $L_{\rm CH_3OH}/L_{\rm bol}$ ratios, whereas no similar correlation is seen for the H$_2$O maser emission. This suggests a similar origin for the SiO and Class I CH$_3$OH emission in these sources.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures, accepted for A&A for publication
title: Radiological evaluation of the diseases of omentum -The policeman of abdomen
Creators: name: Ilangovan, Gurubharath
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Abdomen
subject: GI Tract

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1)To understand a broad spectrum of pathology affecting omentum. 2)To learn the imaging findings and differential diagnosis of various pathologies in this...
Proximity induced superconductivity by Bi in topological $Bi_2Te_2Se$ and $Bi_2Se_3$ films: Evidence for a robust zero energy bound state possibly due to Majorana Fermions
Creators: name: Koren, G.
name: Kirzhner, T.
name: Lahoud, E.
name: Chashka, K. B.
name: Kanigel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Point contact conductance measurements on topological $Bi_2Te_2Se$ and $Bi_2Se_3$ films reveal a signature of superconductivity below 2-3 K. In particular, critical current dips and a robust zero bias conductance peak are observed. The latter suggests the presence of zero energy bound states which could be assigned to Majorana Fermions in an unconventional topological superconductor. We attribute these novel observations to proximity induced local superconductivity in the films by small amounts of superconducting Bi inclusions or segregation to the surface, and provide supportive evidence for these effects.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review B (Dec. 20, 2011), 15 figures. Version V1: arXiv:1111.3445v1 [cond-mat.supr-con] 15 Nov 2011
title: Studies of salt diffusion process and fluxes from seabed sediments to freshwater of the Polder reservoir
title: Hydrology days 2005
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: AGU hydrology days 2005
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Zheng, Xilai
name: Gao, Zengwen
name: Wu, Junwen
name: Colorado State University, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2005
Subjects: water-sediment interface
salt diffusion
Polder reservoir

description: 2005 annual AGU hydrology days was held at Colorado State University on March 7 - March 9, 2005.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Based on field investigation and drilling, three kinks of original, disturbed sediments and local surface water were sampled near the Muguandao Polder Reservoir. Then, the temporal-spatial varieties of salinity in fresh water and pore water were measured carefully with conductivity apparatus using column and tank tests. At last, the salt fluxes released from the deposits were calculated. This research lays a scientific foundation for the evaluation and prediction of water quality of the impounding reservoir. According to the column tests, it has been found that a 7.5cm highly concentrated salinity layer is formed above the water-sediment interface due to molecular diffusion. However, salt concentration above the layer is relatively low and even. In addition, the column tests also show that salt discharge fluxes of silty clay, medium-fine sand and pelitic silt can be expressed as a negative exponential function. On the other hand, tank tests indicate that wind my influence the salt stratification above the interface, which is favorable to the salt mixture in the reservoir.
Life Cycle and Suicidal Behavior among Women
Creators: name: Mendez-Bustos, Pablo
name: Lopez-Castroman, Jorge
name: Baca-Garcia, Enrique
name: Ceverino, Antonio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Mental health

description: It is nowadays accepted that, independently of methodological issues, women commit fewer suicides than men but make more frequent attempts. Yet, female suicidal risk varies greatly along the lifetime and is linked to the most significant moments in it. A wide analysis of the existing literature was performed to provide a narrative description on the evolution of female suicidal rates from childhood to old age, considering the milestones in their life history. A detailed analysis of gender differences in suicidal behavior is key to establish preventive measures and priorities. More specific studies are needed to adapt future interventions on female suicide.
Context matters: Community social cohesion and health behaviors in two South African areas
Creators: name: Sesane, M.
name: Neilands, T.B.
name: Twine, R.
name: Rebombo, D.
name: Lippman, S.A.
name: Grignon, J.S.
name: MacPhail, C.
name: El Ayadi, A.M.
name: Morris, J.
name: Leslie, H.H.
name: Kahn, K.
name: Pettifor, A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Background: Understanding how social contexts shape HIV risk will facilitate development of effective prevention responses. Social cohesion, the trust and connectedness experienced in communities, has been associated with improved sexual health and HIV-related outcomes, but little research has been conducted in high prevalence settings. Methods: We conducted population-based surveys with adults 18–49 in high HIV prevalence districts in Mpumalanga (n = 2057) and North West Province (n = 1044), South Africa. Community social cohesion scores were calculated among the 70 clusters. We used multilevel logistic regression stratified by gender to assess individual- and group-level associations between social cohesion and HIV-related behaviors: recent HIV testing, heavy alcohol use, and concurrent sexual partnerships. Results: Group-level cohesion was protective in Mpumalanga, where perceived social cohesion was higher. For each unit increase in group cohesion, the odds of heavy drinking among men were reduced by 40% (95%CI 0.25, 0.65); the odds of women reporting concurrent sexual partnerships were reduced by 45% (95%CI 0.19, 1.04; p = 0.06); and the odds of reporting recent HIV testing were 1.6 and 1.9 times higher in men and women, respectively. Conclusions: We identified potential health benefits of cohesion across three HIV-related health behaviors in one region with higher overall evidence of group cohesion. There may be a minimum level of cohesion required to yield positive health effects.
Method of estimation of turbulence characteristic scales
Creators: name: Kulikov, V. A.
name: Andreeva, M. S.
name: Koryabin, A. V.
name: Shmalhausen, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76F99 78A60 86A10

description: Here we propose an optical method that use phase data of a laser beam obtained from Shack-Hartmann sensor to estimate both inner and outer scales of turbulence. The method is based on the sequential analysis of normalized correlation functions of Zernike coefficients. It allows excluding the value of refractive index structural constant from the analysis and reduces the solution of a two-parameter problem to sequential solution of two single-parameter problems. The method has been applied to analyze the results of measurements of the laser beam that propagated through a water cell with induced turbulence and yielded estimates for outer and inner scales.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Backstreaming ions at a high Mach number interplanetary shock: Solar Orbiter measurements during the nominal mission phase
Creators: name: Dimmock, Andrew P.
name: Gedalin, Michael
name: Lalti, Ahmad
name: Trotta, Domenico
name: Khotyaintsev, Yuri V.
name: Graham, Daniel B.
name: Johlander, Andreas
name: Vainio, Rami
name: Blanco-Cano, Xochitl
name: Kajdič, Primoz
name: Owen, Christopher J.
name: Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar Orbiter, a mission developed by the European Space Agency, explores in situ plasma across the inner heliosphere while providing remote-sensing observations of the Sun. Our study examines particle observations for the 30 October 2021 shock. The particles provide clear evidence of ion reflection up to several minutes upstream of the shock. Additionally, the magnetic and electric field observations contain complex electromagnetic structures near the shock, and we aim to investigate how they are connected to ion dynamics. The main goal of this study is to advance our understanding of the complex coupling between particles and the shock structure in high Mach number regimes of interplanetary shocks. We used observations of magnetic and electric fields, probe-spacecraft potential, and thermal and energetic particles to characterize the structure of the shock front and particle dynamics. Furthermore, ion velocity distribution functions were used to study reflected ions and their coupling to the shock. To determine shock parameters and study waves, we used several methods, including cold plasma theory, singular-value decomposition, minimum variance analysis, and shock Rankine-Hugoniot relations. To support the analysis and interpretation of the experimental data, test-particle analysis, and hybrid particle in-cell simulations were used. The ion velocity distribution functions show clear evidence of particle reflection in the form of backstreaming ions several minutes upstream. The shock structure has complex features at the ramp and whistler precursors. The backstreaming ions may be modulated by the complex shock structure, and the whistler waves are likely driven by gyrating ions in the foot. Supra-thermal ions up to 20 keV were observed, but shock-accelerated particles with energies above this were not.
title: Radiological Evaluation of Bone Tuberculosis - Can we wake up the demised?
Creators: name: Ilangovan, Gurubharath
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Infection
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Bones
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: 1.To review the diagnostic characteristics of skeletal tuberculosis at various sites in the skeletal system. 2. To assess the use of various imaging modalities in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the bone and...
"Change its name repeatedly. Burn it down": the politics of place as impermanent in Lisa Robertson's 'Occasional work and seven walks from the office for soft architecture'
Creators: name: Fitzpatrick, Ryan
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Bibliography: p. 106-111
description: In her 2003 book of essays Occasional Work and Seven Walks from the Office for Soft Architecture, Vancouver poet Lisa Robertson poetically explores ideas of impermanence and change within the frame of a Vancouver that, in her words, is dissolving "in the fluid called money" (1 ). In my thesis, I think about the ways that Robertson examines impermanent architectural forms (scaffolds, shacks, furniture, gardens) as spatial forms with the ability to counter narratives that fix or make permanent both spatial and social relations, and how those impermanent or "soft" architectures can act as points of intervention or agency where individuals and groups can alter space in ways that suit them. Through this, Robertson argues for spaces that are not charged by a singularly perfected identity, but rather for spaces that are mutable and multivalent, spaces that are able to accommodate both difference and change.
title: Imaging skeletal manifestations in sarcoidosis-ah! it hurts
Creators: name: Ilangovan, Gurubharath
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Inflammation
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To identify the presentation of sarcoidosis within the osseous skeleton. To learn the imaging findings seen in osseous...
Local behavior and hitting probabilities of the Airy1 process
Creators: name: Quastel, Jeremy
name: Remenik, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a formula for the $n$-dimensional distributions of the Airy$_1$ process in terms of a Fredholm determinant on $L^2(\rr)$, as opposed to the standard formula which involves extended kernels, on $L^2(\{1,...,n\}\times\rr)$. The formula is analogous to an earlier formula of [PS02] for the Airy$_2$ process. Using this formula we are able to prove that the Airy$_1$ process is Hölder continuous with exponent $\frac12-$ and that it fluctuates locally like a Brownian motion. We also explain how the same methods can be used to obtain the analogous results for the Airy$_2$ process. As a consequence of these two results, we derive a formula for the continuum statistics of the Airy$_1$ process, analogous to that obtained in [CQR11] for the Airy$_2$ process.
description: Expanded introduction, added Theorem 3, changed title from "Regularity and continuum statistics of the Airy1 process"
Pharmacogenetics of inhaled beta-2-agonists and athletic performance
Creators: name: Koch, Sarah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The A46G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the C79G SNP of the adrenergic β2-receptor gene (ADRB2) are associated with the regulation of cardiorespiratory responses, to the inhalation of salbutamol, such as bronchodilation, heart rate and ventilation. PURPOSE: To determine (1) the effect of susceptibility to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and (2) the effect of genetic variation at the ADRB2 A46G and the C79G SNPs on athletic performance after the inhalation of salbutamol. METHODS: Genetic variation for the A46G SNP (AA: 4; AG: 15; GG: 21; unidentified: 2) and the C79G SNP (CC: 14; CG: 19; GG: 7; unidentified: 2) were genotyped in male cyclists with EIB (EIB+: 10) and without EIB (EIB-: 32), aged 19 – 40 years. Athletes performed two simulated 10-km time trials (TTs) on a cycle ergometer 60-min after the inhalation of either 400µg of salbutamol or placebo. FEV1 was assessed immediately before and 30-min after inhalation. Performance was measured by mean power output relative to body weight. Mixed between-within subject ANOVAs were conducted to assess differences in lung function and cycling performance, respectively, between the two treatments based on an individual’s susceptibility to EIB and based on genetic variation at the ADRB2 A46G and C79G SNPs. RESULTS: Change in FEV1 after the inhalation of salbutamol (M = 6.6%, SD = 6.3%) was greater compared to placebo (M = 1.1%, SD = 3.0%), p < 0.001. The improvement in FEV1 was greater in EIB+ athletes (M = 10.9 %; SD = 10.9%) compared to EIB- athletes (M = 5.3%; SD = 3.0%, p = 0.009). Performance was not altered regardless of the athletes’ susceptibility to EIB and genetic variation at the ADRB2 A46G and C79G SNPs. On average, athletes maintained 4.0W∙kg-¹ (SD = 0.3W∙kg-¹) after the inhalation of salbutamol and 4.0W∙kg-1 (SD = 0.4W∙kg-1) after the inhalation of a placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In male EIB+ and EIB- cyclists, FEV1 is improved after the inhalation of salbutamol (400µg). Despite this improvement in lung function, athletic performance during a 10-km TT was not altered regardless of susceptibility to EIB and genetic variation at the ADRB2 A46G and the C79G SNPs.
Axion inflation in the strong-backreaction regime: decay of the Anber-Sorbo solution
Creators: name: von Eckardstein, Richard
name: Peloso, Marco
name: Schmitz, Kai
name: Sobol, Oleksandr
name: Sorbo, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axion inflation coupled to Abelian gauge fields via a Chern-Simons-like term of the form $ϕF\tilde{F}$ represents an attractive inflationary model with a rich phenomenology, including the production of magnetic fields, black holes, gravitational waves, and the matter-antimatter asymmetry. In this work, we focus on a particular regime of axion inflation, the so-called Anber-Sorbo (AS) solution, in which the energy loss in the gauge-field production provides the dominant source of friction for the inflaton motion. We revisit the AS solution and confirm that it is unstable. Contrary to earlier numerical works that attempted to reach the AS solution starting from a regime of weak backreaction, we perform, for the first time, a numerical evolution starting directly from the regime of strong backreaction. Our analysis strongly suggests that, at least as long as one neglects spatial inhomogeneities in the inflaton field, the AS solution has no basin of attraction, not even a very small one that might have been missed in previous numerical studies. Our analysis employs an arsenal of analytical and numerical techniques, some established and some newly introduced, including (1) linear perturbation theory along the lines of arXiv:2209.08131, (2) the gradient expansion formalism (GEF) developed in arXiv:2109.01651, (3) a new linearized version of the GEF, and (4) the standard mode-by-mode approach in momentum space in combination with input from the GEF. All these methods yield consistent results confirming the instability of the AS solution, which renders the dynamics of axion inflation in the strong-backreaction regime even more interesting than previously believed.
description: 40 pages, 11 figures
N-3 Fatty Acid Rich Triglyceride Emulsions Are Neuroprotective after Cerebral Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Mice
Creators: name: Williams, Jill J.
name: Mayurasakorn, Korapat
name: Vannucci, Susan J.
name: Mastropietro, Christopher
name: Bazan, Nicolas G.
name: Ten, Vadim S.
name: Deckelbaum, Richard Joseph
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Pathology

description: We questioned if acute administration of n-3 fatty acids (FA) carried in n-3 rich triglyceride (TG) emulsions provides neuroprotection in neonatal mice subjected to hypoxic-ischemic (H/I) brain injury. We examined specificity of FA, optimal doses, and therapeutic windows for neuroprotection after H/I. H/I insult was induced in C57BL/6J 10-day-old mice by right carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to 8% O2 for 15 minutes at 37°C. Intraperitoneal injection with n-3-rich TG emulsions, n-6 rich TG emulsions or saline for control was administered at different time points before and/or after H/I. In separate experiments, dose responses were determined with TG containing only docosahexaenoic acid (Tri-DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (Tri-EPA) with a range of 0.1–0.375 g n-3 TG/kg, administered immediately after H/I insult. Infarct volume and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured. Treatment with n-3 TG emulsions both before- and after- H/I significantly reduced total infarct volume by a mean of 43% when administered 90 min prior to H/I and by 47% when administered immediately after H/I. In post-H/I experiments Tri-DHA, but not Tri-EPA exhibited neuroprotective effects with both low and high doses (p less than 0.05). Moreover, delayed post-H/I treatment with Tri-DHA significantly decreased total infarct volume by a mean of 51% when administered at 0 hr, by 46% at 1 hr, and by 51% at 2 hr after H/I insult. No protective effect occurred with Tri-DHA injection at 4 hr after H/I. There were no n-3 TG related differences in CBF. A significant reduction in brain tissue death was maintained after Tri-DHA injection at 8 wk after the initial brain injury. Thus, n-3 TG, specifically containing DHA, is protective against H/I induced brain infarction when administered up to 2 hr after H/I injury. Acute administration of TG-rich DHA may prove effective for treatment of stroke in humans.
Age-Related Differences in Socio-demographic and Behavioral Determinants of HIV Testing and Counseling in HPTN 043/NIMH Project Accept
Creators: name: Eshleman, S.H.
name: Coates, T.
name: Chingono, A.
name: Donnell, D.
name: Kevany, S.
name: Singh, B.
name: Visrutaratna, S.
name: Frohlich, J.
name: Chovenye, L.
name: Mbwambo, J.K.K.
name: Zelaya, C.E.
name: Lane, T.
name: Steward, W.
name: Link, B.
name: Szekeres, G.
name: Richter, L.
name: Fritz, K.
name: Modiba, P.
name: Murima, O.
name: Abler, L.
name: The NIMH Project Accept (HPTN 043) Study Team
name: Robertson, G.
name: Morin, S.F.
name: Mbwambo, J.
name: Hlavka, Z.
name: Maman, S.
name: McIntyre, J.
name: Celentano, D.
name: Chariyalertsak, S.
name: Beyrer, C.
name: Gray, G.
name: Joseph, P.
name: Morfit, S.
name: Sendah, M.
name: Hausler, H.
name: Kulich, M.
name: Mhlongo, S.
name: Karim, S.A.
name: Johnson-Lewis, L.T.
name: Mulawa, M.I.
name: Srithanaviboonchai, K.
name: Mickalian, J.
name: Ngubani, T.
name: Salazar-Austin, N.
name: Morin, S.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Khumalo-Sakutukwa, G.
name: Bamanyisa, C.
name: Fiamma, A.
name: Sweat, M.
name: Kawichai, S.
name: Machinda, T.
name: Carrico, A.W.
name: Laeyendecker, O.
name: Sadowski, A.M.
name: Mrumbi, K.M.
name: Genberg, B.
name: Chariyalertsak, C.
name: Woelk, G.
name: Lema, F.P.
name: Hlubinka, D.
name: McGrath, N.
name: Kilonzo, G.P.
name: Piwowar-Manning, E.
name: van Rooyen, H.
name: Timbe, A.
name: Jubenkanda, T.
name: Hogan, N.M.
name: Gregowski, A.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2018

description: Youth represent a large proportion of new HIV infections worldwide, yet their utilization of HIV testing and counseling (HTC) remains low. Using the post-intervention, cross-sectional, population-based household survey done in 2011 as part of HPTN 043/NIMH Project Accept, a cluster-randomized trial of community mobilization and mobile HTC in South Africa (Soweto and KwaZulu Natal), Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Thailand, we evaluated age-related differences among socio-demographic and behavioral determinants of HTC in study participants by study arm, site, and gender. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed using complete individual data from 13,755 participants with recent HIV testing (prior 12 months) as the outcome. Youth (18–24 years) was not predictive of recent HTC, except for high-risk youth with multiple concurrent partners, who were less likely (aOR 0.75; 95% CI 0.61–0.92) to have recently been tested than youth reporting a single partner. Importantly, the intervention was successful in reaching men with site specific success ranging from aOR 1.27 (95% CI 1.05–1.53) in South Africa to aOR 2.30 in Thailand (95% CI 1.85–2.84). Finally, across a diverse range of settings, higher education (aOR 1.67; 95% CI 1.42, 1.96), higher socio-economic status (aOR 1.21; 95% CI 1.08–1.36), and marriage (aOR 1.55; 95% CI 1.37–1.75) were all predictive of recent HTC, which did not significantly vary across study arm, site, gender or age category (18–24 vs. 25–32 years).
Decline and Local Extinction of Caribbean Eusocial Shrimp
Creators: name: Duffy, J. Emmett
name: Macdonald III, Kenneth S.
name: Hultgren, Kristin M.
name: Chak, Tin Chi Solomon
name: Rubenstein, Dustin Reid
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Wildlife conservation
Conservation biology
Aquatic sciences

description: The tropical shrimp genus Synalpheus includes the only eusocial marine animals. In much of the Caribbean, eusocial species have dominated the diverse fauna of sponge-dwelling shrimp in coral rubble for at least the past two decades. Here we document a recent, dramatic decline and apparent local extinction of eusocial shrimp species on the Belize Barrier Reef. Our collections from shallow reefs in central Belize in 2012 failed to locate three of the four eusocial species formerly abundant in the area, and showed steep declines in colony size and increases in frequency of queenless colonies prior to their disappearance. Concordant with these declines, several nonsocial, pair-forming Synalpheus species increased in frequency. The decline in eusocial shrimp is explained in part by disappearance of two sponge species on which they specialize. Eusocial shrimp collections from Jamaica in 2012 showed similar patterns of decline in colony size and increased queenlessness compared with prior Jamaican collections. The decline and local extinction of eusocial shrimp happened against a backdrop of changes in coral assemblages during recent decades, and may reflect changes in abundance and quality of dead coral substratum and succession of the diverse cryptic organisms living within it. These changes document potentially worrisome declines in a unique taxon of eusocial marine animals.
Slicenet: a Simple and Scalable Flow-Level Simulator for Network Slice Provisioning and Management
Creators: name: KumarSkandPriya, Viswanath
name: Dandoush, Abdulhalim
name: Diaz, Gladys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Network slicing plays a crucial role in the progression of 5G and beyond, facilitating dedicated logical networks to meet diverse and specific service requirements. The principle of End-to-End (E2E) slice includes not only a service chain of physical or virtual functions for the radio and core of 5G/6G networks but also the full path to the application servers that might be running at some edge computing or at central cloud. Nonetheless, the development and optimization of E2E network slice management systems necessitate a reliable simulation tool for evaluating different aspects at large-scale network topologies such as resource allocation and function placement models. This paper introduces Slicenet, a mininetlike simulator crafted for E2E network slicing experimentation at the flow level. Slicenet aims at facilitating the investigation of a wide range of slice optimization techniques, delivering measurable, reproducible results without the need for physical resources or complex integration tools. It provides a well-defined process for conducting experiments, which includes the creation and implementation of policies for various components such as edge and central cloud resources, network functions of multiple slices of different characteristics. Furthermore, Slicenet effortlessly produces meaningful visualizations from simulation results, aiding in comprehensive understanding. Utilizing Slicenet, service providers can derive invaluable insights into resource optimization, capacity planning, Quality of Service (QoS) assessment, cost optimization, performance comparison, risk mitigation, and Service Level Agreement (SLA) compliance, thereby fortifying network resource management and slice orchestration.
Short communication: Dried blood spots stored at room temperature should not be used for hiv incidence testing
Creators: name: Eisenberg, A.L.
name: Patel, E.U.
name: Laeyendecker, O.
name: Quinn, T.C.
name: Piwowar-Manning, E.
name: Busch, M.P.
name: Murphy, G.
name: Packman, Z.R.
name: Eshleman, S.H.
name: Hamilton, E.L.
name: Macphail, C.
name: Kallas, E.G.
name: Hughes, J.
name: Fernandez, R.E.
name: Pettifor, A.
Publisher: name: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.
Year: 2018

description: The limiting antigen (LAg)-avidity assay is a serologic assay used for cross-sectional HIV incidence testing. We compared the results obtained with the LAg-avidity assay using dried blood spot (DBS) samples stored at room temperature (18°C-25°C) or stored frozen at -80°C with results obtained from matched plasma samples. Matched DBS and plasma samples (306 paired samples) were collected in the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068 trial in South Africa (2012-2014). The DBS were stored at room temperature before testing. Matched DBS and plasma samples (100 paired samples) from the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA) were collected in 2016 and were stored at -80°C. All DBS testing was performed in 2017. Differences in normalized optical density (ODn) were compared between matched DBS and plasma samples. For DBS samples stored at room temperature (HPTN 068), the average difference in ODn values for plasma versus DBS was 1.49 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.36-1.62). In contrast, when DBS samples were stored at -80°C (CEPHIA), the average difference in ODn values for plasma versus DBS was -0.22 (95% CI: -0.32 to -0.13). DBS samples stored at room temperature should not be used for cross-sectional HIV incidence testing with the LAg-avidity assay.
A high-resolution transmission-type x-ray spectrometer designed for observation of the Kα transitions of highly charged high-Z ions
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Widmann, K.
name: Beiersdorfer, P.
name: Brown, G. V.
name: Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo
name: Decaux, V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics
Astrophysics

description: High-resolution reflection-type crystal spectrometers have been used for x-ray energies up to 13 keV, e.g., the K-shell radiation of heliumlike Kr. In order to extend crystal spectrometer measurements to higher energy x rays from higher-Z elements, we employ the crystal in transmission. The geometry we use is known as DuMond geometry. Using such a transmission-type crystal x-ray spectrometer, we have measured the K-shell radiation of various highly charged high-Z ions. In particular, we present a measurement of the 1s2p 1P1→1s2 1S0 transition in heliumlike xenon, Xe52+. For this transition, we measure a linewidth of 34 eV, which demonstrates that the resolving power we achieved with the new spectrometer is on the order of 1000
Diffractive and photon-induced production of top quark
Creators: name: Pitt, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The top quark plays a central role in particle physics, as many experiments at the Large Hadron Collider scrutinize its properties within the Standard Model. Although most of the measurements of the top quarks today concentrate on production modes initiated by quarks or gluons, this review will highlight the lesser-explored modes initiated by pomerons or photons. It aims to provide an in-depth look into both the phenomenological studies and the existing experimental measurements, emphasizing the necessity of exploring the diffractive and photon-induced production of top quarks to enhance the accuracy of top-quark measurements.
description: Review, MDPI Universe. 15 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Magnetic-field dependence of count rates in superconducting thin-film TaN single-photon detectors
Creators: name: Engel, A.
name: Schilling, A.
name: Il'in, K.
name: Siegel, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the magnetic-field dependence of both dark-count rates and photon-count rates in a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector made of TaN in external magnetic fields $|μ_0H| < 10$ mT perpendicular to the plane of the underlying meander structure and at $T = 4$ K. The dark-count rates show a characteristic field-dependence, which is asymmetric with respect to magnetic field direction. The field- and the current dependence of the dark counts can be quantitatively well explained if one assumes that the critical current is reduced to $\approx50%$ at the $180^\circ$ meander turns when compared to a straight strip, and the observed asymmetry can be modeled assuming that the turnarounds are not all strictly equal. Surprisingly, the photon count rates do not show any significant field dependence, which seems to be at odds with existing detection models invoking vortex crossings.
description: 3 Figures, submitted to PRB; in v2: small changes to manuscript, corrected some errors
Can cash help eliminate mother-to-child HIV transmission?
Creators: name: Rosenberg, N.
name: Pettifor, A.
name: Bekker, L.-G.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2016

description: Great strides have been made in reducing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in recent years. The global plan to eliminate HIV infection in children by 2015 and keep their mothers alive has reduced new HIV infections among children by nearly half since 2009. Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, where the epidemic is most severe, have moved to providing combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all pregnant women irrespective of CD4 count (known as option B+), which has resulted in many more women accessing ART and significantly reducing MTCT.