cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-redshift radio galaxies: a potential new source of 21-cm fluctuations
Creators: name: Reis, Itamar
name: Fialkov, Anastasia
name: Barkana, Rennan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio sources are expected to have formed at high redshifts, producing an excess radiation background above the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at low frequencies. Their effect on the redshifted 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen is usually neglected, as it is assumed that the associated background is small. Recently, an excess radio background above the level of the CMB has been proposed as one of the possible explanations for the unusually strong 21-cm signal from redshift $z\sim 17$ reported by the EDGES collaboration. As a result, the implications of a smooth and extremely strong excess radio background on both the sky-averaged (global) 21-cm signal and its fluctuations have been considered. Here we take into account the inhomogeneity of the radio background created by a population of high-redshift galaxies, and show that it adds a new type of 21-cm fluctuations to the well-known contributions of density, velocity, Ly-$α$ coupling, heating and reionization. We find that a population of high-redshift galaxies even with a moderately-enhanced radio efficiency (unrelated to the EDGES result) can have a significant effect on the 21-cm power spectrum and global signal in models with weak X-ray heating. For models that can explain the EDGES data, we conduct a large parameter survey to explore their signatures. We show that in such models the 21-cm power spectrum at $z\sim 17$ is enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the CMB-only standard case, and the shape and time evolution of the power spectrum is significantly modified by the radio fluctuations. These fluctuations are within reach of upcoming radio interferometers. We also find that these models can be significantly constrained by current and future observations of radio sources.
description: Comments are welcome
Temperature Chaos and Bond Chaos in the Edwards-Anderson Ising Spin Glass : Domain-Wall Free-Energy Measurements
Creators: name: Sasaki, M.
name: Hukushima, K.
name: Yoshino, H.
name: Takayama, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Domain-wall free-energy $δF$, entropy $δS$, and the correlation function, $C_{\rm temp}$, of $δF$ are measured independently in the four-dimensional $\pm J$ Edwards-Anderson (EA) Ising spin glass. The stiffness exponent $θ$, the fractal dimension of domain walls $d_{\rm s}$ and the chaos exponent $ζ$ are extracted from the finite-size scaling analysis of $δF$, $δS$ and $C_{\rm temp}$ respectively well inside the spin-glass phase. The three exponents are confirmed to satisfy the scaling relation $ζ=d_{\rm s}/2-θ$ derived by the droplet theory within our numerical accuracy. We also study bond chaos induced by random variation of bonds, and find that the bond and temperature perturbations yield the universal chaos effects described by a common scaling function and the chaos exponent. These results strongly support the appropriateness of the droplet theory for the description of chaos effect in the EA Ising spin glasses.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures; The title, the abstract and the text are changed slightly
"DALIG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL LEAVES A GREEN LEGACY: 236,000 TREES PLANTED IN NATIONWIDE EFFORT"
Creators: name: De Leon, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Pinagpala Publishing Services
Year: 2023

description: In a groundbreaking initiative among the 47,678 public schools nationwide and 67 public schools in the City Schools Division Office of Antipolo, Dalig National High School (DNHS), led by the proactive supervision of Mr. Henry M. Lico, Principal II, has engraved its mark on environmental stewardship. The school's participation in the nationwide effort last December 6, 2023, as outlined in the recent DepEd Memorandum No. 069, s. 2023, titled "Guidelines on the Implementation of the Project - DepEd's 236,000 Trees: A Christmas Gift for the Children," serves as a uniting point for educational institutions across the country to contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.
Simulated optical molasses cooling of trapped antihydrogen
Creators: name: Walsh, Spencer J.
name: Rasmussen, C. Ø.
name: Robicheaux, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically and computationally investigate the cooling of antihydrogen, $\bar{H}$, using optical molasses cooling. This updates the results in Ref. [1] to the current capabilities of the ALPHA experiment. Through Monte Carlo simulation, we show that $\bar{H}$s do not give the standard cooling even in an ideal optical molasses because of their small mass and large transition frequency. For optical molasses cooling in the ALPHA trap, the photons are constrained to travel in one direction only. It is only through the phase space mixing in the trap that cooling in all directions can be achieved. We explore the nontrivial role that laser intensity plays in the cooling. We also investigate the possibility for simultaneously cooling atoms in either of the trapped ground states.
Scaling law describes the spin-glass response in theory, experiments and simulations
Creators: name: Zhai, Q.
name: Paga, I.
name: Baity-Jesi, M.
name: Calore, E.
name: Cruz, A.
name: Fernandez, L. A.
name: Gil-Narvion, J. M.
name: Pemartin, I. Gonzalez-Adalid
name: Gordillo-Guerrero, A.
name: Iñiguez, D.
name: Maiorano, A.
name: Marinari, E.
name: Martin-Mayor, V.
name: Moreno-Gordo, J.
name: Muñoz-Sudupe, A.
name: Navarro, D.
name: Orbach, R. L.
name: Parisi, G.
name: Perez-Gaviro, S.
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, F.
name: Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J.
name: Schifano, S. F.
name: Schlagel, D. L.
name: Seoane, B.
name: Tarancon, A.
name: Tripiccione, R.
name: Yllanes, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correlation length $ξ$, a key quantity in glassy dynamics, can now be precisely measured for spin glasses both in experiments and in simulations. However, known analysis methods lead to discrepancies either for large external fields or close to the glass temperature. We solve this problem by introducing a scaling law that takes into account both the magnetic field and the time-dependent spin-glass correlation length. The scaling law is successfully tested against experimental measurements in a CuMn single crystal and against large-scale simulations on the Janus II dedicated computer.
description: Revised version, including supplemental material
On the Dynamical Interpretation for the Quantum-Measurement Projection Postulate
Creators: name: Stratonovich, R. L.
name: Belavkin, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An apparatus model with discrete momentum space suitable for the exact solution of the problem is considered. The special Hamiltonian of its interaction with the object system under consideration is chosen. In this simple case it is easy to illustrate how difficulties in constructing the dynamical interpretation of selective collapse could be overcomed without any limiting procedure. For this purpose one can apply either averaging with respect to a non-quantum parameter or reducing the algebra of the joint system operators (i. e. passing to the quantum system subalgebra). The latter procedure effectively implies averaging with respect to apparatus quantum variables not belonging to the system.
description: 16 pages. See also related papers at http://www.maths.nott.ac.uk/personal/vpb/research/mes_fou.html and http://www.maths.nott.ac.uk/personal/vpb/research/cau_idy.html
Economic Impacts of Brazilian Indirect Tax Reduction: An analysis of the competitiveness within MERCOEURO
Creators: name: Pereira, Matheus Wemerson Gomes
name: Teixeira, Erly Cardoso
name: Pereira, Matheus Wemerson Gomes
name: Teixeira, Erly Cardoso
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: regional integration
subject: indirect taxes
subject: general equilibrium
subject: GTAPinGAMS
subject: sectoral competition

description: The objective of this paper is to determine the effects of the creation of MERCOEURO stemming from an indirect tax reduction in the Brazilian economy. Four different scenarios were analyzed taking into account the elimination of tariffs on imports among the member countries in the MERCOEURO agreement and a 10% reduction in the indirect taxes on the final consumption, on intermediary inputs, and on sectors production. Simulations are run using GTAPinGAMS with the GTAP database version 6.0. The creation of the MERCOEURO generated significant results mainly in the agribusiness sector. A reduction in the indirect taxes on final consumption and over the intermediate inputs improve the competition and generate gains in growth, welfare, and government revenue. However, the scenario that reduces the indirect taxes on the Brazilian sectors production cannot increase competition, even though there are positive changes in indicators of growth and welfare. The scenarios generate increased competitiveness, growth variations between 0.05% and 0.19%, with gains in welfare ranging from US$ 2.26 billions and US$ 3.20 billions.
Additional file 1 of Effect of phyB and phyC loss-of-function mutations on the wheat transcriptome under short and long day photoperiods
Creators: name: Kippes, Nestor
name: VanGessel, Carl
name: Hamilton, James
name: Akpinar, Ani
name: Budak, Hikmet
name: Dubcovsky, Jorge
name: Pearce, Stephen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Figs. S1-S5, Tables S1-S8.
Integral equienergetic non-isospectral unitary Cayley graphs
Creators: name: Podestá, Ricardo A.
name: Videla, Denis E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C25

description: We prove that the Cayley graphs $X(G,S)$ and $X^+(G,S)$ are equienergetic for any abelian group $G$ and any symmetric subset $S$. We then focus on the family of unitary Cayley graphs $G_R=X(R,R^*)$, where $R$ is a finite commutative ring with identity. We show that under mild conditions, $\{G_R, G_R^+\}$ are pairs of integral equienergetic non-isospectral graphs (generically connected and non-bipartite). Then, we obtain conditions such that $\{G_R, \bar G_R\}$ are equienergetic non-isospectral graphs. Finally, we characterize all integral equienergetic non-isospectral triples $\{G_R, G_R^+, \bar G_R \}$ such that all the graphs are also Ramanujan.
description: Small typos corrected from v2 (warning: v2 is different from v1, see the comments in v2)
Is binning always sinning? The impact of time-averaging for exoplanet phase curves
Creators: name: Morello, Giuseppe
name: Dyrek, Achrène
name: Changeat, Quentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore how finite integration time or temporal binning can affect the analysis of exoplanet phase-curves. We provide analytical formulae to account for this effect or, if neglected, to estimate the potential biases in the retrieved parameters. As expected, due to their smoother variations over longer time-scales, phase curves can be binned more heavily than transits without causing severe biases. In the simplest case of a sinusoidal phase curve with period $P$, the integration time $Δt$ reduces its amplitude by the scaling factor $\text{sinc}{ \left ( πΔt / P \right ) }$, without altering its phase or shape. We also provide formulae to predict reasonable parameter error bars from phase-curve observations. Our findings are tested with both synthetic and real datasets, including unmodelled astrophysical signals and/or instrumental systematic effects. Tests with the Spitzer data show that binning can affect the best-fitting parameters beyond predictions, due to the correction of high-frequency correlated noise. Finally, we summarize key guidelines for speeding up the analysis of exoplanet phase curves without introducing significant biases in the retrieved parameters.
description: Published in MNRAS (here with extended acknowledgments)
Additional file 3 of Study protocol for the implementation and evaluation of the Self-harm Assessment and Management for General Hospitals programme in Ireland (SAMAGH)
Creators: name: Arensman, Ella
name: M. Isabela Troya
name: Nicholson, Sarah
name: Sadath, Anvar
name: Cully, Grace
name: Costa, Ana Paula Ramos
name: Benson, Ruth
name: Corcoran, Paul
name: Griffin, Eve
name: Williamson, Eileen
name: Eustace, Joe
name: Shiely, Frances
name: Browne, John
name: Rigby, Jan
name: Jeffers, Anne
name: Cassidy, Eugene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Baseline Questionnaire SAMAGH. Baseline Questionnaire used as part of process evaluation.
Evidence for a jet and outflow from Sgr A*: a continuum and spectral line study
Creators: name: Yusef-Zadeh, F.
name: Royster, M.
name: Wardle, M.
name: Cotton, W.
name: Kunneriath, D.
name: Heywood, I.
name: Michail, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the environment of Sgr A* using spectral and continuum observations with the ALMA and VLA. Our analysis of sub-arcsecond H30alpha, H39alpha, H52alpha and H56alpha line emission towards Sgr A* confirm the recently published broad peak ~500 km/s~spectrum toward Sgr~A*. We also detect emission at more extreme radial velocities peaking near -2500 and 4000 km/s, within 0.2''. We then present broad band radio continuum images at multiple frequencies on scales from arcseconds to arcminutes. A number of elongated continuum structures lie parallel to the Galactic plane, extending from ~0.4'' to 10'. We note a nonthermal elongated structure on an arcminute scale emanating from Sgr A* at low frequencies between 1 and 1.4 GHz where thermal emission from the mini-spiral is depressed by optical depth effects. The position angle of this elongated structure and the sense of motion of ionized features with respect to Sgr A* suggest a symmetric, collimated jet emerging from Sgr A* with an opening angle of ~30deg and a position angle of ~60deg punching through the medium before accelerating a significant fraction of the orbiting ionized gas to high velocities. The jet with estimated mass flow rate ~1.4x10^{-5} solar mass/yr emerges perpendicular to the equatorial plane of the accretion flow near the event horizon of Sgr A* and runs along the Galactic plane. To explain a number of east-west features near Sgr A*, we also consider the possibility of an outflow component with a wider-angle launched from the accretion flow at larger radii.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, MNRAS, in press
DiaSynth: Synthetic Dialogue Generation Framework for Low Resource Dialogue Applications
Creators: name: Suresh, Sathya Krishnan
name: Mengjun, Wu
name: Pranav, Tushar
name: Chng, Eng Siong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The scarcity of domain-specific dialogue datasets limits the development of dialogue systems across applications. Existing research is constrained by general or niche datasets that lack sufficient scale for training dialogue systems. To address this gap, we introduce DiaSynth - a synthetic dialogue generation framework capable of generating high-quality, contextually rich dialogues across a wide range of domains. Unlike existing frameworks, DiaSynth uses Large Language Models (LLMs) and Chain of Thought (CoT) reasoning to generate dynamic, domain-specific dialogues with simulated personas and diverse conversational features. We perform our experiments by generating synthetic data using different LLMs and few-shot examples from DialogSum and SAMSum. The pretrained language models fine-tuned on the synthetic data outperform the base models by 16.47% on dialogue summarization, while the comparison between models fine-tuned on in-domain data and synthetic data shows that the synthetic data is able to capture 90.48% of the performance distribution of the in-domain data on dialogue summarization. The quality of the data generated also increases as we increase the size of LLM from 3B to 8B. These results validate DiaSynth's potential as a robust alternative to traditional data collection methods. We open source the code and data generated for future research.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Effect of infrastructure investments on total factor productivity (TFP) in Brazilian agriculture
Creators: name: Mendes, Sergio Magno
name: Teixeira, Erly Cardoso
name: Salvato, Marcio Antonio
name: Mendes, Sergio Magno
name: Teixeira, Erly Cardoso
name: Salvato, Marcio Antonio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: infrastructure investments
subject: TFP
subject: agriculture
subject: panel data
subject: GMM

description: Since the 1980s, the investments in infrastructure have been significantly reduced, jeopardizing Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and competitiveness of Brazilian agriculture. The Solow growth model with panel data is used to estimate TFP. An adaptation of the Zhang and Fan (2004) model for India, using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), is applied to study the effects of infrastructure investments on TFP. The lack of such investments in Brazil caused the effects to be larger and with lag periods smaller than in other countries. These investments affect TFP in the first years, and the study suggests that the return occurs in the period from zero to two years. Among the analyzed infrastructure elements, investments in roads have the greatest impact on TFP, followed by research, telecommunications, irrigation and electricity.
An Assessment of the Fe XVIII and Fe XIX Line Ratios from the Chandra Grating Observations of Capella
Creators: name: Desai, P.
name: Brickhouse, N. S.
name: Drake, J. J.
name: Dupree, A. K.
name: Edgar, R. J.
name: Hoogerwerf, R.
name: Kashyap, V.
name: Wargelin, B. J.
name: Smith, R. K.
name: Huenemoerder, D. P.
name: Liedahl, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of Fe XVIII and Fe XIX X-ray, EUV, and FUV line emission, formed at the peak of Capella's (alpha Aurigae) emission measure distribution and ubiquitous in spectra of many cool stars and galaxies, provide a unique opportunity to test the robustness of Fe XVIII and Fe XIX spectral models. The Astrophysical Plasma Emission Code (APEC) is used to identify over 35 lines from these two ions alone, and to compare model predictions with spectra obtained with the Chandra Low Energy Transmission Grating and High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometers, the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer, and the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer. Some flux discrepancies larger than factors of two are found between observations of Fe XVIII and Fe XIX lines and predictions by APEC and other models in common usage. In particular the X-ray resonance lines for both ions are stronger than predicted by all models relative to the EUV resonance lines. The multiwavelength observations demonstrate the importance of including dielectronic recombination and proton impact excitation, and of using accurate wavelengths in spectral codes. These ions provide important diagnostic tools for 10^7 K plasmas currently observed with Chandra, XMM-Newton, and FUSE.
description: 16 pages including 1 table and 2 figures
The classical limit of mean-field quantum spin systems
Creators: name: van de Ven, Christiaan J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of strict deformation quantization of the two sphere $S^2\subset\mathbb{R}^3$ is used to prove the existence of the classical limit of mean-field quantum spin chains, whose ensuing Hamiltonians are denoted by $H_N$ and where $N$ indicates the number of sites. Indeed, since the fibers $A_{1/N}=M_{N+1}(\mathbb{C})$ and $A_0=C(S^2)$ form a continuous bundle of $C^*$-algebras over the base space $I=\{0\}\cup 1/\mathbb{N}^*\subset[0,1]$, one can define a strict deformation quantization of $A_0$ where quantization is specified by certain quantization maps $Q_{1/N}: \tilde{A}_0 \rightarrow A_{1/N}$, with $\tilde{A}_0$ a dense Poisson subalgebra of $A_0$. Given now a sequence of such $H_N$, we show that under some assumptions a sequence of eigenvectors $ψ_N$ of $H_N$ has a classical limit in the sense that $ω_0(f):=\lim_{N\to\infty}\langleψ_N,Q_{1/N}(f)ψ_N\rangle$ exists as a state on $A_0$ given by $ω_0(f)=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nf(Ω_i)$, where $n$ is some natural number. We give an application regarding spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) and moreover we show that the spectrum of such a mean-field quantum spin system converges to the range of some polynomial in three real variables restricted to the sphere $S^2$.
description: 32 pages
Additional file 1 of Patient-relevant outcomes: what are we talking about? A scoping review to improve conceptual clarity
Creators: name: Kersting, Christine
name: Kneer, Malte
name: Barzel, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Full electronic search strategy for Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
Structurally induced magnetic transitions in layered dichalcogenides MoQ2 (Q = S, Se, Te) and double hydroxides (M2+)6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 6H2O (M2+ = Mn2+, Fe2+) under mechanical deformation
Creators: name: Volkova, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploring how mechanical strain can modify the magnetic properties of low-dimensional structures is one of the priorities of straintronics, an area in condensed matter physics. It has been proven by calculating the parameters of magnetic interactions Jij and developing structural/magnetic models of the layered dichalcogenides MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2 and layered double hydroxides (M2+)6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 6H2O (M2+ = Mn2+, Fe2+) with a grapheme type structure that magnetic interactions are responsive to the mechanical deformation of their crystal structure. As turned out, the ions in these antiferromagnetic materials are situated in the hexagonal planes close to critical positions. We have thus demonstrated that the fluctuations of the intermediate ions near critical positions due to mechanical strain cause dramatic changes to the magnetic parameters and allow the magnetic properties to be modified by mechanical strain. To be sure, an abundant class of new 2D materials transition-metal-based double hydroxides, whose properties are similar to those of molybdenum-based chalcogenides have promise as materials to be used in straintronics.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures (main text) + 19 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables (supplementary material
Novel Family of Topological Semimetals with Butterfly-like Nodal Lines
Creators: name: Zhou, Xiaoting
name: Hsu, Chuang-Han
name: Aramberri, Hugo
name: Iraola, Mikel
name: Huang, Cheng-Yi
name: Mañes, Juan L.
name: Vergniory, Maia G.
name: Lin, Hsin
name: Kioussis, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, the exotic properties of topological semimetals (TSMs) have attracted great attention and significant efforts have been made in seeking for new topological phases and material realization. In this work, we propose a new family of TSMs which harbors an unprecedented nodal line (NL) landscape consisting of a pair of concentric intersecting coplanar ellipses (CICE) at half-filling. Meanwhile, the CICE at half-filling guarantees the presence of a second pair of CICE beyond half-filling. Both CICEs are linked at four-fold degenerate points (FDPs) at zone boundaries. In addition, we identify the generic criteria for the existence of the CICE in a time reversal invariant {\it spinless} fermion system or a spinfull system with negligible spin-orbital coupling (SOC). Consequently, 9 out of 230 space groups (SGs) are feasible for hosting CICE whose location centers in the first Brillouin zone (BZ) are identified. We provide a simplest model with SG $Pbam$ (No. 55) which exhibits CICE, and the exotic intertwined drumhead surface states, induced by double-band-inversions. Finally, we propose a series of material candidates that host butterfly-like CICE NLs, such as, ZrX$_2$ (X=P,As), GeTe$_5$Tl$_2$, CYB$_2$ and Al$_2$Y$_3$.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Are Staple Foods Becoming More Expensive For Urban Consumers In Eastern And Southern Africa? Trends in Food Prices, Marketing Margins, and Wage Rates in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia
Creators: name: Mason, Nicole M.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: Chapoto, Antony
name: Mason, Nicole M.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: Chapoto, Antony
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: africa
subject: agriculture
subject: food security
subject: prices

description: The world food and financial crises threaten to undermine the real incomes of urban consumers in eastern and southern Africa. This study investigates patterns in staple food prices, wage rates, and marketing margins for urban consumers in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia between 1993 and 2009. There is high correlation among wage rate series for various government and private sector categories. We find that average formal sector wages rose at a faster rate than retail maize meal and bread prices in urban Kenya and Zambia between the mid-1990s and 2007. Although the 2007/08 food price crisis partially reversed this trend, the quantities of staple foods affordable per daily wage in urban Kenya and Zambia during the 2008/09 marketing season were still roughly double their levels of the mid-1990s. The national minimum wage in Mozambique also grew more rapidly than rice and wheat flour prices in Maputo from the mid-1990s through the 2004/05 and 2006/07 marketing seasons, respectively. During the 2008/09 marketing season, Maputo minimum wage earners’ rice and wheat flour purchasing power was still higher than in the mid-1990s and roughly similar to levels at the millennium. These findings obtain for formal sector wage earners in Kenya and Zambia and minimum wage earners in Mozambique only. The majority of the urban labor force in these countries is employed in the informal sector; therefore, the general conclusion of improved food purchasing power over the past 15 years may not hold for a significant portion of urban workers. Maize marketing margins trended downward between 1994 and 2004 in urban Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia, while wheat marketing margins declined only in Kenya and Zambia. For the public sector, important strategies for keeping food prices at tolerable levels include strengthening and improving crop forecasting and the food balance sheet approach for estimating need for imports, facilitating imports in a timely manner when needed, and ensuring the continued availability of low-cost staple food options for urban consumers through small-scale processing and marketing channels.
On the true fractions of repeating and non-repeating FRB sources
Creators: name: Ai, Shunke
name: Gao, He
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observationally, fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be divided into repeating and apparently non-repeating (one-off) ones. It is unclear whether all FRBs repeat and whether there are genuine non-repeating FRBs. We attempt to address these questions using Monte Carlo simulations. We define a parameter $T_c$ at which the accumulated number of non-repeating sources becomes comparable to the total number of the repeating sources, which is a good proxy to denote the intrinsic repeater fraction among FRBs. Assuming that both types of sources exist and that their burst energies follow power law distributions, we investigate how the {\em observed} repeater fraction evolves with time for different parameters. If the lifetime of repeaters is sufficiently long so that the evolutionary effect can be neglected within the observational time span, unless $T_c \rightarrow \infty$ (i.e. there is no genuine non-repeating FRB source) the observed repeater fraction should increase with time first, reach a peak, and then decline. The peak time $T_p$ and the peak fraction $F_{\rm r,obs,p}$ depend on $T_c$ and other repeating rate parameters. With the current data, we pose a lower limit $T_c > 0.1$ d for reasonable parameter values. We predict that future continuous monitoring of FRBs with CHIME or similar wide-field radio telescopes would obtain an $F_{\rm r,obs}$ less than $0.04$. The detection of a smaller peak value $F_{\rm r,obs,p}<0.04$ in the near future would disfavor the ansatz that "all FRB sources repeat".
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
On the decay estimate for small solutions to nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations with dissipative structure
Creators: name: Nishii, Yoshinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L70, 35B40, 35L15

description: We consider the Cauchy problem for cubic nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations in one space dimension. We give the $L^p$-decay estimate for the small data solution and show that it decays faster than the free solution if the cubic nonlinearity has the suitable dissipative structure.
description: 17 pages
Additional file 2 of Study protocol for the implementation and evaluation of the Self-harm Assessment and Management for General Hospitals programme in Ireland (SAMAGH)
Creators: name: Arensman, Ella
name: M. Isabela Troya
name: Nicholson, Sarah
name: Sadath, Anvar
name: Cully, Grace
name: Costa, Ana Paula Ramos
name: Benson, Ruth
name: Corcoran, Paul
name: Griffin, Eve
name: Williamson, Eileen
name: Eustace, Joe
name: Shiely, Frances
name: Browne, John
name: Rigby, Jan
name: Jeffers, Anne
name: Cassidy, Eugene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Facilities of the ASSERT centre. Photographs of simulation labs used in the training at the ASSERT centre.
"acceff.html" of "Search for direct top squark pair production in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV pp collisions using 4.7 fb-1 of ATLAS data"
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2012

description: Link to the acceptance/efficiency files
description: CERN-LHC. A study of data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV having final states consisting of one isolated electron or muon, jets and missing trasnverse momentum using a data sample of total integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb-1. Each event must have >=1 reconstructed primary vertex associated with five or more tracks with PT > 0.4 GeV. Events must have exactly one muon (or electron) with |eta|<2.4 (or 2.47) and pT > 20 (or 25) GeV and isolated from other particles. The scalar sum of the pT of tracks >1 GeV within a cone of size deltaR=0.2 around the lepton candidate is required to be < 10% of the electron pT, and <1.8 Gev for the muon. jets are reconstructed using the ant-kT clustering algorithm with radius parameter=0.4. Events with four or more jets with |eta|<2.5 and pT> 80,60,40,and 25 GeV are selected with at least one jet identified as a b-jet.
Sun-as-a-star Spectral Irradiance Observations of Transiting Active Regions
Creators: name: Toriumi, Shin
name: Airapetian, Vladimir S.
name: Hudson, Hugh S.
name: Schrijver, Carolus J.
name: Cheung, Mark C. M.
name: DeRosa, Marc L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Major solar flares are prone to occur in active region atmospheres associated with large, complex, dynamically-evolving sunspots. This points to the importance of monitoring the evolution of starspots, not only in visible but also in ultra violet (UV) and X-rays, in understanding the origin and occurrence of stellar flares. To this end, we perform spectral irradiance analysis on different types of transiting solar active regions by using a variety of full-disk synoptic observations. The target events are an isolated sunspot, spotless plage, and emerging flux in prolonged quiet-Sun conditions selected from the past decade. We find that the visible continuum and total solar irradiance become darkened when the spot is at the central meridian, whereas it is bright near the solar limb; UV bands sensitive to the chromosphere correlate well with the variation of total unsigned magnetic flux in the photosphere; amplitudes of EUV and soft X-ray increase with the characteristic temperature, whose light curves are flat-topped due to their sensitivity to the optically thin corona; the transiting spotless plage does not show the darkening in the visible irradiance, while the emerging flux produces an asymmetry in all light curves about the central meridian. The multi-wavelength sun-as-a-star study described here indicates that such time lags between the coronal and photospheric light curves have the potential to probe the extent of coronal magnetic fields above the starspots. In addition, EUV wavelengths that are sensitive to the transition-region temperature sometimes show anti-phased variations, which may be used for diagnosing plasmas around starspots.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Intensity modulation of therapeutic photon beams using a rotating multileaf collimator
Creators: name: Otto, Karl
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis describes the development and implementation of a novel method of delivering intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) that provides greater accuracy and spatial resolution than currently available methods. Through improvements in multileaf collimator (MLC) based fluence generation, a dose distribution may be generated that conforms more closely to the tumour target volume. Healthy tissue surrounding the target volume will therefore receive less dose, reducing the probability of side effects and allowing the physician to increase the prescribed tumour dose (dose escalation). MLC based IMRT techniques are well established but suffer several physical limitations. Dosimetric spatial resolution is limited by the MLC leaf width, interleaf leakage and tongue-and-groove effects degrade dosimetric accuracy and the range of leaf motion limits the maximum deliverable field size. Based on observations from a linear systems model of dosimetric spatial resolution degradation it is hypothesized that, by rotating the entire MLC between each sub-field, improvements will be obtained in spatial resolution, dosimetric accuracy and maximum deliverable field size. To generate arbitrary fluence maps in this way, a series of unique algorithms were developed that are capable of determining the necessary rotated MLC segments. These IMRT fields may be delivered statically (with the collimator rotating to a new position in between sub-fields) or dynamically (with the collimator rotating and leaves moving simultaneously during irradiation). A full description of the rotational leaf motion algorithms is provided. An analysis of the rotating leaf motion calculation algorithms with focus on radiation efficiency, the range of collimator rotation and number of segments is provided. The mechanical and radiation producing characteristics of standard linear accelerators under collimator rotation conditions are also investigated. The technique is evaluated by characterizing the ability of the algorithms to generate rotating leaf sequences for desired fluence maps. Comparisons are also made between our method and conventional sliding window and step-and-shoot techniques. Results show improvements in spatial resolution, reduced interleaf effects and maximum deliverable field size over conventional techniques. Clinical application of these enhancements can be realized immediately with static rotational delivery although improved control of the MLC will be required for dynamic delivery.
An indecomposable PD_3-complex : II
Creators: name: Hillman, Jonathan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57P10, 55M05

description: We show that there are two homotopy types of PD_3-complexes with fundamental group S_3*_{Z/2Z}S_3, and give explicit constructions for each, which differ only in the attachment of the top cell.
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol4/agt-4-47.abs.html
Tachyons, boundary interactions, and the genus expansion in string theory
Creators: name: Laidlaw, Mark Colin Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines the interaction of both bosonic- and superstrings with various backgrounds with a view to understanding the interplay between tachyon condensation and world-sheet conformal invariance, and to understanding the d-branes that overlap with closed string modes. We briefly review the development of both background independent string field theory and cubic string field theory, as these provide insight into the problem of tachyon condensation. We then develop the boundary state and show that in backgrounds of interest to tachyon condensation the conformal invariance of the string world-sheet is broken, which suggests a generalized boundary state obtained by integrating over the conformal group of the disk. We find that this prescription reproduces particle emission amplitudes calculated from the string sigma model for both on- and off-shell boundary interactions. The boundary state appears as a coherent superposition of closed string states, and using this a method for calculating amplitudes beyond tree level is developed. The interaction of closed strings with other backgrounds is also discussed. An extension of the boundary state to encode fields other than a gauge or tachyon field is described. A modification of the boundary state which encodes the time dependence of tachyon condensation is reviewed, and an examination of spherically symmetric tachyon condensation in the 1/D expansion is presented.
Additional file 1 of Study protocol for the implementation and evaluation of the Self-harm Assessment and Management for General Hospitals programme in Ireland (SAMAGH)
Creators: name: Arensman, Ella
name: M. Isabela Troya
name: Nicholson, Sarah
name: Sadath, Anvar
name: Cully, Grace
name: Costa, Ana Paula Ramos
name: Benson, Ruth
name: Corcoran, Paul
name: Griffin, Eve
name: Williamson, Eileen
name: Eustace, Joe
name: Shiely, Frances
name: Browne, John
name: Rigby, Jan
name: Jeffers, Anne
name: Cassidy, Eugene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Identification of highly lethal self-harm. Table summarising identification of highly lethal self-harm.
A Free-Algebraic Solution for the Planar Approximation
Creators: name: Haan, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explicit solution for the generating functional of n-point functions in the planar approximation is given in terms of two sets of free-algebraic annihilation and creation operators.
description: 15 pages, added reference
Many-Body Quantum Monte Carlo Study of 2D Materials: Cohesion and Band Gap in Single-Layer Phosphorene
Creators: name: Frank, T.
name: Derian, R.
name: Tokár, K.
name: Mitas, L.
name: Fabian, J.
name: Štich, I.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: The quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method is applied to obtain the fundamental (quasiparticle) electronic band gap Δf of a semiconducting two-dimensional phosphorene whose optical and electronic properties fill the void between graphene and 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides. Similarly to other 2D materials, the electronic structure of phosphorene is strongly influenced by reduced screening, making it challenging to obtain reliable predictions by single-particle density-functional methods. Advanced GW techniques, which include many-body effects as perturbative corrections, are hardly consistent with each other, predicting the band gap of phosphorene with a spread of almost 1 eV, from 1.6 to 2.4 eV. Our QMC results, from infinite periodic superlattices as well as from finite clusters, predict Δf to be about 2.4 eV, indicating that available GW results are systematically underestimating the gap. Using the recently uncovered universal scaling between the exciton binding energy and Δf, we predict the optical gap of about 1.7 eV that can be directly related to measurements even on encapsulated samples due to its robustness against dielectric environment. The QMC gaps are indeed consistent with recent experiments based on optical absorption and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. We also predict the cohesion of phosphorene to be only slightly smaller than that of the bulk crystal. Our investigations not only benchmark GW methods and experiments, but also open the field of 2D electronic structure to computationally intensive but highly predictive QMC methods which include many-body effects such as electronic correlations and van der Waals interactions explicitly.
The Impacts of Wildlife Conservation Policies on Rural Household Welfare in Zambia
Creators: name: Fernandez, Ana
name: Richardson, Robert B.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Tembo, Gelson
name: Fernandez, Ana
name: Richardson, Robert B.
name: Tschirley, David L.
name: Tembo, Gelson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: wildlife conservation
subject: rural households
subject: zambia

description: KEY POLICY POINTS • Tourism is increasingly important in Zambia as a vehicle for economic growth, and has been identified as a key sector for poverty reduction due to its potential to generate off-farm income and employment in rural areas. Growth in arrivals and receipts in Zambia has outpaced average growth rates for developing countries. • Tourism in Zambia relies mostly on the stock of natural resources, including the protected area system which includes national parks and game management areas (GMAs). Co-management agreements between Zambia Wildlife Authority (ZAWA) and rural communities present opportunities and threats for households living in GMAs. • Households living in GMAs have lower average income than households in other rural areas. Yet we find that, for prime GMAs (those well stocked with wildlife), the GMA designation leads to higher incomes than households would otherwise be expected to achieve, based on their own characteristics and those of the areas in which they reside. • We further find that the benefits of living in a prime GMA accrue mostly to the wealthier segments of the population. • Though overall effects on households are positive, losses from crop damage by wildlife are a threat to this success: we find that such losses are statistically significant, large enough to be meaningful to households, and greatest in prime GMAs
Features of deSitter Vacua in M-Theory
Creators: name: Hsu, Jonathan P.
name: Kallosh, Renata
name: Sivanandam, Navin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the masses of all moduli in the unstable deSitter vacua arising in the toy model of cosmological M-theory flux compactifications on the G2 holonomy manifolds of [1]. The slow-roll parameters in the tachyonic directions are shown to be too large to be useful for conventional models of inflation. However, it appears that we can find fast roll regimes which could, under certain conditions, account for the current dark energy driven accelerated expansion of the universe.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
Turnaround density as a probe of the cosmological constant
Creators: name: Pavlidou, Vasiliki
name: Korkidis, Giorgos
name: Tomaras, Theodore
name: Tanoglidis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spherical collapse predicts that a single value of the turnaround density (average matter density within the scale on which a structure detaches from the Hubble flow) characterizes all cosmic structures at the same redshift. It has been recently shown by Korkidis et al. that this feature persists in complex non-spherical galaxy clusters identified in N-body simulations. Here we show that the low-redshift evolution of the turnaround density constrains the cosmological parameters, and that it can be used to derive a local constraint on $Ω_Λ$ alone, independent of $Ω_m$. The turnaround density thus provides a promising new way to exploit upcoming large cosmological datasets.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to A&AL