cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chandra Detections of SCUBA Galaxies around High-z Radio Sources
Creators: name: Smail, Ian
name: Scharf, C. A.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Stevens, J. A.
name: Bower, R. G.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most massive galaxies in the present day universe are the giant ellipticals found in the centers of rich clusters. These have old, coeval stellar populations, suggesting they formed at high redshift, and are expected to host supermassive black holes (SMBHs). The recent detection of several high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) at submm wavelengths confirms that indeed some massive galaxies may have formed the bulk of their stellar populations in spectacular dust-enshrouded starbursts at high-z. In this letter we compare sensitive Chandra X-ray images - which identify actively-fueled SMBHs - and submm observations - capable of detecting obscured activity in luminous galaxies at high redshift - of the environments of three HzRGs. These observations exhibit overdensities of X-ray sources in all 3 fields and a close correspondence between the Chandra and SCUBA populations. This suggests that both substantial star formation and nuclear activity may be occuring in these regions. We identify possible pairs of Chandra sources with each of 2 SCUBA sources, suggesting that their ultraluminous activity may be triggered by the interaction of two massive galaxies, each of which hosts an accreting SMBH. The presence of two SMBHs in the resulting remanent is predicted to produce a flattened stellar core in the galaxy, a morphological signature frequently seen in luminous cluster ellipticals. Hence the confirmation of pairs of Chandra sources within individual, luminous SCUBA galaxies would provide additional evidence that these galaxies at z~2-4 are the progenitors of the giant elliptical galaxies found in clusters at the present-day.
description: 5 pages, submitted to ApJ, revised in response to referee's report
Quark description of the Nambu-Goldstone bosons in the color-flavor locked phase
Creators: name: Fukushima, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the color-singlet order parameters and the quark description of the Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons in the color-flavor locked (CFL) phase. We put emphasis on the NG boson (phason) called ``H'' associated with the $\mathrm{U_B(1)}$ symmetry breaking. We qualitatively argue the nature of H as the second sound in the hydrodynamic regime. We articulate, based on a diquark picture, how the structural change of the condensates and the associated NG bosons occurs continuously from hadronic to CFL quark matter if the quark-hadron continuity is realized. We sharpen the qualitative difference between the flavor octet pions and the singlet phason. We propose a conjecture that superfluid H matter undergoes a crossover to a superconductor with tightly-bound diquarks, and then a crossover to superconducting matter with diquarks dissociated.
description: 14 pages, 1 table, 1 figure and confusing statements are corrected
Tariffs, trade, and incomplete CAP reform
Creators: name: Swinbank, Alan
name: Swinbank, Alan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Public Economics
subject: Brexit
subject: CAP
subject: Doha
subject: tariffication
subject: Uruguay

description: The original CAP’s high levels of border protection on many products involved a variable import levy bridging the gap between world prices and the EU’s much higher minimum import price. The Uruguay Round ended this, but tariffication also meant that subsequent CAP reforms reducing EU levels of domestic market price support would no longer trigger lower tariffs. Moreover the Doha Round’s plans for tariff cuts are in abeyance. The consequences are: i) for these products, only preferential sup¬pliers penetrate the EU’s protected market; ii) negotiation of Free Trade Areas is made more complicated; and iii) “Brexit” is problematic.
description: https://doi.org/10.7896/j.1809
Additional file 1 of A clinical decision support system improves antibiotic therapy for upper urinary tract infection in a randomized single-blinded study
Creators: name: M. Neugebauer
name: M. Ebert
name: R. Vogelmann
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Questionnaire Part 1.
Rent-seeking in agricultural policy revisited: a new look at the Common Agricultural Policy consensus
Creators: name: Czyżewski, Bazyli
name: Matuszczak, Anna
name: Czyżewski, Bazyli
name: Matuszczak, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: political rent
subject: rent-seeking
subject: agriculture
subject: treadmill theory

description: It is generally believed that agricultural interventionism represents the payment of political rents to farmers. We attempt to show that the concept of political rent known as the rent-seeking theory is not valid for agricultural policy. It is not justified to identify the entire subsidies paid to agriculture as a ‘political rent’, since political rents cannot be taken to include payments for the supply of public goods or those transfers which compensate for market imperfections. Our work aims firstly to review the concepts of rents and rent-seeking, and to develop a methodology for quantifying political rents in agricultural policy. We perform comparative analyses with the aim of calculating the ‘pure political rent’, based on the input-output approach for representative farms according to the EU FADN typology and on a decomposition of the Hicks–Moorsteen TFP index for the period 2004-2012 and 27 European Union Member States. The calculations of political rents show that historical payments are neither a rational nor a just solution. No attempts have yet been made in the literature to quantify political rents, even though this might lead to an improvement in the effectiveness of public expenditure. The original methodology is proposed for valuing these items.
description: https://doi.org/10.7896/j.1801
Additional file 2 of A clinical decision support system improves antibiotic therapy for upper urinary tract infection in a randomized single-blinded study
Creators: name: M. Neugebauer
name: M. Ebert
name: R. Vogelmann
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Questionnaire Part 2.
Calculable CP-violating Phases in the Minimal Seesaw Model of Leptogenesis and Neutrino Mixing
Creators: name: Guo, Wan-lei
name: Xing, Zhi-zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that all nontrivial CP-violating phases can be determined in terms of three lepton flavor mixing angles and the ratio of $Δm^2_{\rm sun}$ to $Δm^2_{\rm atm}$ in the minimal seesaw model in which the Frampton-Glashow-Yanagida (FGY) ansatz is incorporated. This important point allows us to make very specific predictions for the cosmological baryon number asymmetry and CP violation in neutrino oscillations. A measurement of the smallest neutrino mixing angle will sensitively test the FGY ansatz, in particular in the case that three light neutrinos have a normal mass hierarchy.
description: RevTex 13 pages (3 PS figures included). A new figure and references added
Lorentz-symmetry violating physics in a supersymmetric scenario in $(2+1)$-D
Creators: name: Bernal, L. D.
name: Gaete, Patricio
name: Gomes, Y. P. M.
name: Helayël-Neto, José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dimensional reduction for a $(3+1)$-dimensional Lorentz Violating Lagrangian in the matter and gauge sectors in a Supersymmetric scenario. We thus obtain an effective model for photons induced by the effects of supersymmetry in our framework with Lorentz-symmetry violating. This model is discussed in connection with the attainment of a static potential between charged particles. Our calculation is done within the framework of the gauge-invariant, but path-dependent variable formalism. We thus find that the interaction energy displays a screening part, encoded by Bessel functions, and a linear confining potential.
description: 7 pages
Additional file 1 of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in Lebanon: findings from the first nationwide serosurvey
Creators: name: Hoballah, Abbas
name: El Haidari, Rana
name: Siblany, Ghina
name: Abdel Sater, Fadi
name: Mansour, Samir
name: Hassan, Hamad
name: Abou-Abbas, Linda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table SA. The number of participants according to Lebanese governates and villages.
Additional file 1 of Prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections and HPV high-risk genotypes in women in rural communities in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia
Creators: name: Patzi-Churqui, Marianela
name: Terrazas-Aranda, Katty
name: Jan-Ã…Ke Liljeqvist
name: Lindh, Magnus
name: Eriksson, Kristina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Table 1. Types of human papilloma virus detected in cervical samples of 103 participants with HR-HPV and LR-HPV.
Additional file 1 of Designs for adding a treatment arm to an ongoing clinical trial
Creators: name: Bennett, Maxine
name: Mander, Adrian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary information.
Degressivity, capping and European farm structure: New evidence from Hungary
Creators: name: Szerletics, Ákos
name: Szerletics, Ákos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: degressivity
subject: capping
subject: CAP
subject: Hungary

description: The debate on reforming the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2020 had already started when the European Commis¬sion published its own vision on the future of agriculture and food production in the European Union. One of the key aspects of this debate relates to the revision of the system of EU direct payments by revising degressivity and capping rules. Although it has, for a long time, been a popular idea to limit payments to larger farms in one way or another, and subsidise smaller agri¬cultural holdings instead, this idea has serious drawbacks as this paper shows. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of degressivity and capping on European farm structures by reviewing existing literature on the topic as well as by providing new evidence from Hungary. Results suggest that placing a cap on direct payments may be causing more harm than good in terms of land use change.
description: https://doi.org/10.7896/j.1811
Probing the partonic structure of pentaquarks in hard electroproduction
Creators: name: Diehl, M.
name: Pire, B.
name: Szymanowski, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exclusive electroproduction of a K or K* meson on the nucleon can give a Theta+ pentaquark in the final state. This reaction offers an opportunity to investigate the structure of pentaquark baryons at parton level. We discuss the generalized parton distributions for the N-->Theta+ transition and give the leading order amplitude for electroproduction in the Bjorken regime. Different production channels contain complementary information about the distribution of partons in a pentaquark compared with their distribution in the nucleon. Measurement of these processes may thus provide deeper insight into the very nature of pentaquarks.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures. v2: minor clarifications, references added
title: Exploring young people's collaborative and creative processes using keyboard and computer based music technologies in formal and non-formal settings
Creators: name: Dillon, Mary Teresa
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2007

description: In many UK music education settings, young people (11-17 years old) make music collectively. Despite this we currently lack understanding of the processes involved when collaboratively creating music, particularly when working around music technologies. To date, research has tended to focus on classroom-based collaborative interactions on well-defined tasks, where there is only one correct solution. As a result we know little about 1) the kinds of learning practices that emerge outside of school settings and 2) the processes young people engage in when working on open-ended, creative tasks. Addressing these areas, this research specifically set out to explore the nature of the creative process when composing music collaboratively using keyboards and sampling software, in school, community centre and music camp settings. The contextual relations or features of these different settings, such as the task setting, instruction and technology used and their influence on the creative music-making processes were examined. This was achieved through analysis of the young people's verbal dialogues, which resulted in greater understanding of the relations between context and creativity. The findings show that how the creative and musical content is organised, rather than the physical setting within which it takes place, plays a fundamental role in the types of talk and creative processes that emerge. Drawing on the results of the studies carried out, creativity was conceptualised as a cyclic process, with interdependent phases of exploration, discovery, elaboration, critical listening, refining and editing, recording and saving; with problem finding and discovery being central underlying drivers. Finally, the kinds of verbal dialogues that emerged across all the settings strongly indicated that traditional logical-deductive types of reasoning and talk are not necessary and may even be inappropriate for certain phases of the creative process. This finding is interesting and presents some challenges to our current understanding of collaborative learning. Consequently, it warrants further investigation. In sum, given the contemporary educational emphasis on self-directed and creative learners, the questions addressed in this thesis and the findings on the context and nature of the creative processes, and informal and formal learning, are considered timely and relevant.
Additional file 8 of Novel heavy metal resistance gene clusters are present in the genome of Cupriavidus neocaledonicus STM 6070, a new species of Mimosa pudica microsymbiont isolated from heavy-metal-rich mining site soil
Creators: name: Klonowska, Agnieszka
name: Moulin, Lionel
name: Ardley, Julie
name: Braun, Florence
name: Gollagher, Margaret
name: Zandberg, Jaco
name: Marinova, Dora
name: Huntemann, Marcel
name: T. Reddy
name: Varghese, Neha
name: Woyke, Tanja
name: Ivanova, Natalia
name: Seshadri, Rekha
name: Kyrpides, Nikos
name: Reeve, Wayne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8: Table S3. Cupriavidus strains compared in this study (as bacterial isolates and/or sequenced genomes).
Effectiveness of Greening in Poland
Creators: name: Wrzaszcz, Wioletta
name: Wrzaszcz, Wioletta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Public Economics
subject: Greening
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: Effectiveness
subject: FADN farms
subject: Poland

description: Under the latest reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, 2015 was the first year when greening requirements were imple¬mented. Legal rules obliged farmers to move towards more environmentally-friendly land use practices. The aim of this paper is to present the first effects of the implementation of greening in Poland. The paper is based on an FADN panel of 7.4 thou¬sand private farms participated in the Single Area Payment Scheme in Poland. The sample also enabled to identify organi¬sational changes in agricultural production after greening. Results suggest that Polish farms have adapted well to greening requirements and the new system has not caused productivity and profitability of Polish farms to decrease in 2015.
description: https://doi.org/10.7896/j.1810
Constraints on Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories from Cosmology
Creators: name: Rocher, Jonathan
name: Sakellariadou, Mairi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the context of SUSY GUTs, cosmic strings are generically formed at the end of hybrid inflation. However, the WMAP CMB measurements strongly constrain the possible cosmic strings contribution to the angular power spectrum of anisotropies. We investigate the parameter space of SUSY hybrid (F- and D- term) inflation, to get the conditions under which theoretical predictions are in agreement with data. The predictions of F-term inflation are in agreement with data, only if the superpotential coupling $κ$ is small. In particular, for SUSY SO(10), the upper bound is $κ\lsim 7\times 10^{-7}$. This fine tuning problem can be lifted if we employ the curvaton mechanism, in which case $κ\lsim 8\times 10^{-3}$; higher values are not allowed by the gravitino constraint. The constraint on $κ$ is equivalent to a constraint on the SSB mass scale $M$, namely $M \lsim 2\times 10^{15}$ GeV. The study of D-term inflation shows that the inflaton field is of the order of the Planck scale; one should therefore consider SUGRA. We find that the cosmic strings contribution to the CMB anisotropies is not constant, but it is strongly dependent on the gauge coupling $g$ and on the superpotential coupling $λ$. We obtain $g\lsim 2\times 10^{-2}$ and $λ\lsim 3\times 10^{-5}$. SUGRA corrections induce also a lower limit for $λ$. Equivalently, the Fayet-Iliopoulos term $ξ$ must satisfy $\sqrtξ\lsim 2\times 10^{15}$ GeV. This constraint holds for all allowed values of $g$.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures. To match published version
Ondr}ejov echelle spectrograph, ground based support facility for exoplanet missions
Creators: name: Kabath, Petr
name: Skarka, Marek
name: Sabotta, Silvia
name: Guenther, Eike
name: Jones, David
name: Klocova, Tereza
name: Subjak, Jan
name: Zak, Jiri
name: Spokova, Magdalena
name: Blazek, Martin
name: Dvorakova, Jana
name: Dupkala, Daniel
name: Fuchs, Jan
name: Hatzes, Artie
name: Kortusova, Eva
name: Novotny, Radek
name: Plavalova, Eva
name: Rezba, Ludek
name: Sloup, Jan
name: Skoda, Petr
name: Slechta, Miroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fulfilling the goals of space-based exoplanetary transit surveys, like Kepler and TESS, is impossible without ground-based spectroscopic follow-up. In particular, the first-step vetting of candidates could easily necessitate several hundreds of hours of telescope time -- an area where 2-m class telescopes can play a crucial role. Here, we describe the results from the science verification of the Ondřejov Echelle Spectrograph (OES) installed on the 2-m Perek telescope. We discuss the performance of the instrument as well as its suitability for the study of exoplanetary candidates from space-based transit surveys. In spite of being located at an average European observing site, and originally being conceived for the study of variable stars, OES can prove to be an important instrument for the exoplanetary community in the TESS and PLATO era -- reaching accuracies of a few tens of m/s with reasonable sampling and signal-to-noise for sources down to V$\sim$13. The stability of OES is demonstrated via long-term monitoring of the standard star HD~109358, while its validity for exoplanetary candidate verification is shown using three K2 candidates EPIC~210925707, EPIC~206135267 and EPIC~211993818, to reveal that they are false positive detections.
description: accepted for publication in PASP
Additional file 9 of Novel heavy metal resistance gene clusters are present in the genome of Cupriavidus neocaledonicus STM 6070, a new species of Mimosa pudica microsymbiont isolated from heavy-metal-rich mining site soil
Creators: name: Klonowska, Agnieszka
name: Moulin, Lionel
name: Ardley, Julie
name: Braun, Florence
name: Gollagher, Margaret
name: Zandberg, Jaco
name: Marinova, Dora
name: Huntemann, Marcel
name: T. Reddy
name: Varghese, Neha
name: Woyke, Tanja
name: Ivanova, Natalia
name: Seshadri, Rekha
name: Kyrpides, Nikos
name: Reeve, Wayne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 9: Table S4. Percentage of average nucleotide identities (ANI) for ANIb and ANIg (in brackets), and percentage of conserved DNA (in bold) among Cupriavidus and Ralstonia genomes.
Who Benefits from the Export Tax Rebate Policy? Evidence from the Chinese Fishery Sector
Creators: name: Liu, Xinran
name: Ge, Wei
name: Liu, Xinran
name: Ge, Wei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Welfare Distribution
subject: Export Tax Rebate
subject: Value-Added Tax
subject: Fishery Sector
subject: Retail market
subject: Farm Market

description: The export tax rebate policy in China is under dispute, especially in agricultural sectors, as it is claimed that it works as a subsidy for foreign consumers rather than domestic producers. Surprisingly, little research has investigated the distribution of benefits of this policy. In this paper, we examine this in a partial equilibrium framework. We find that the effects of the export tax rebate on domestic producers depend on the relative magnitude of the export supply and import demand elasticities. The model is then applied to the Chinese fishery sector, a perfect example to illustrate the policy debate. Simulation results indi¬cate that, although the export tax rebate increases Chinese producers’ welfare, foreign consumers capture most of its welfare benefits (60%-75%). Furthermore, the results imply that the welfare gain for Chinese producers is overestimated if the vertical linkage between the retail and the farm markets is ignored.
description: https://doi.org/10.7896/j.1806
The Impact of Agricultural Land Use Change on Lake Water Quality: Evidence from Iowa
Creators: name: Meyer, Kevin
name: Meyer, Kevin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Agriculture
subject: land use
subject: water quality

description: The environmental impacts of agricultural policies must be quantified to perform full cost-benefit analyses and make informed policy decisions. In this paper I use a unique panel data set to estimate the effect of changes in cropland on lake water quality. Fifteen years of water quality measurements across over 100 lakes are combined with satellite imagery and weather data. Using a dynamic panel data model, I find that the elasticity of water quality to cropland is 0.0535. To understand the policy implications, I estimate a second model to find the elasticity of cropland to crop prices. I combine these estimates to analyze the effect of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). I find that the RFS decreased lake water quality; however, the magnitude of this effect is negligible.
description: https://doi.org/10.7896/j.1805
How important are supermarkets for the diets of the urban poor in Africa?
Creators: name: Wanyama, R.
name: Godecke, T.
name: Qaim, M.
name: Wanyama, R.
name: Godecke, T.
name: Qaim, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Many developing countries are undergoing a profound transformation of food systems. Especially in larger cities, supermarkets have become increasingly popular, affecting consumers food choices and diets. Previous research showed that supermarkets can have both positive and negative effects on dietary quality and nutrition. However, which households actually use supermarkets, and to what extent? While supermarket shopping is positively correlated with income, little is known about how important supermarkets are for the diets of the poor, who are of particular interest from a food policy perspective. The poorest of the urban poor often reside in informal settlements, so they are underrepresented in official surveys. We add to the literature by analyzing food consumption data collected from households in the poorest neighborhoods of Nairobi (Kenya) and Kampala (Uganda). We find high levels of nutritional deficiencies. Despite their ubiquitous presence, supermarkets are not yet very important for the diets of the urban poor. Supermarkets only account for 3% and 0.4% of sample households total food expenditures in Nairobi and Kampala, respectively. Especially unprocessed foods, which make up the largest share of calorie consumption, are primarily purchased in traditional retail outlets. We also show differences by food groups and income strata. Acknowledgement : This research was financially supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). The authors thank the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), and the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO)-Uganda, for their research cooperation in the project Making Value Chains Work for Food and Nutrition Security for the Vulnerable Populations in East Africa (grant number C-030-16), and the great support during the survey.
Waters run deep: A coupled Revealed Preference and CGE model to assess the economy-wide impacts of agricultural water buyback
Creators: name: Perez Blanco, C.D.
name: Perez Blanco, C.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Little is known about the economy-wide repercussions of water buyback, which may include relevant feedbacks on the output of economic sectors at a regional and supra-regional scale. Limited applied studies available rely on stand-alone Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models that represent competition for water explicitly, but this approach presents significant data and methodological challenges in areas where mature water markets are not in place the case of most regions worldwide. To bridge this gap, this paper couples a bottom-up Revealed Preference Model that elicits the value and price share to water with a top-down, regionally-calibrated CGE model for Spain. Methods are illustrated with a case study in the Murcia Region in southeastern Spain. Economy-wide feedbacks amplify income losses in Murcia's agriculture from -20.5% in the bottom-up model up to -33% in the coupled model. Compensations paid to irrigators enhance demand in the region, but supply contraction in agriculture and related sectors lead to a GDP loss (up to -2.1%) in most scenarios. The supply gap is partially filled in by other Spanish regions, which experience a GDP gain through a substitution effect (up to +.034%). In all scenarios, aggregate GDP for Spain decreases (up to -.023%). Acknowledgement : This research has received funding from the AXA Research Fund through the Post-Doctoral Fellowships Campaign 2015, and from the Climate-KIC Europe through the Climate Smart Agriculture Booster project AGRO ADAPT (Service for local and economy wide assessment of adaptation actions in agriculture).
Additional file 1 of Exploring drug cost and disease outcome in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs in Norway in 2010–2019 – a country with a national tender system for prescription of costly drugs
Creators: name: Brkic, Alen
name: Diamantopoulos, Andreas P.
name: Haavardsholm, Espen Andre
name: Fevang, Bjørg Tilde Svanes
name: Brekke, Lene Kristin
name: Loli, Liz
name: Zettel, Camilla
name: Rødevand, Erik
name: Bakland, Gunnstein
name: Mielnik, Pawel
name: Haugeberg, Glenn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. Aggregated data for demographic, disease outcome, and treatment during 2010–2019.
Market Participation, Weather Shocks and Welfare: Evidence from Malawi
Creators: name: Asfaw, S.
name: Asfaw, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper explores the interaction between climate shocks, market regimes choices and welfare outcomes using Malawi's panel household data combined with long-term historical climate records. The study first examines how climate variability affects household market participation regime and then estimates the impact of market participation on several measure of household welfare. This study also provide a comprehensive picture of how market participation impacts household welfare in the wake of climate variability. The possibility for households to self-selection in a specific market regime is addressed through a multinomial endogenous treatment model. We find that rainfall variability is a push factor for Malawian household farmers who are more prone to participate in the market in order to guarantee their assets against the adverse effects of rainfall uncertainty. Furthermore, being a net seller is, on average, empirically associated with an increase in total and food consumption. The heterogeneity checks support the average results, in particular for female-headed households and large landowners. However, they also highlight that being net-sellers is associated with greater welfare only in Malawi s central region while in the northern and the southern regions, being net-buyer accrues a greater consumption. Furthermore, the net-sellers welfare superiority disappears in the wake of anomalous low rainfall events. Acknowledgement :
Simulations of ELT-GMCAO performance for deep field observations
Creators: name: Portaluri, Elisa
name: Viotto, Valentina
name: Ragazzoni, Roberto
name: Arcidiacono, Carmelo
name: Bergomi, Maria
name: Dima, Marco
name: Greggio, Davide
name: Farinato, Jacopo
name: Magrin, Demetrio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Global-Multi Conjugated Adaptive Optics (GMCAO) approach offers an alternative way to correct an adequate scientific Field of View (FoV) using only natural guide stars (NGSs) to extremely large ground-based telescopes. Thus, even in the absence of laser guide stars, a GMCAO-equipped ELT-like telescope can achieve optimal performance in terms of Strehl Ratio (SR), retrieving impressive results in studying star-poor fields, as in the cases of the deep field observations. The benefits and usability of GMCAO have been demonstrated by studying 6000 mock high redshift galaxies in the Chandra Deep Field South region. However, a systematic study simulating observations in several portions of the sky is mandatory to have a robust statistic of the GMCAO performance. Technical, tomographic and astrophysical parameters, discussed here, are given as inputs to GIUSTO, an IDL-based code that estimates the SR over the considered field, and the results are analyzed with statistical considerations. The best performance is obtained using stars that are relatively close to the Scientific FoV; therefore, the SR correlates with the mean off-axis position of NGSs, as expected, while their magnitude plays a secondary role. This study concludes that the SRs correlate linearly with the galactic latitude, as also expected. Because of the lack of natural guide stars needed for low-order aberration sensing, the GMCAO confirms as a promising technique to observe regions that can not be studied without the use of laser beacons. It represents a robust alternative way or a risk mitigation strategy for laser approaches on the ELTs.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication on PASP
Log-terminal singularities and vanishing theorems
Creators: name: Schoutens, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F17, 14B05, 13H10

description: Generalizing work of Smith and Hara, we give a new characterization of log-terminal singularities for finitely generated algebras over $\mathbb C$, in terms of purity properties of ultraproducts of characteristic $p$ Frobenii. The first application is a Boutôt-type theorem for log-terminal singularities: given a pure morphism $Y\to X$ between affine $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein varieties of finite type over $\mathbb C$, if $Y$ has at most a log-terminal singularities, then so does $X$. The second application is the Vanishing for Maps of Tor for log-terminal singularities: if $A\subset R$ is a Noether Normalization of a finitely generated $\mathbb C$-algebra $R$ and $S$ is a finitely generated $R$-algebra with log-terminal singularities, then the natural morphism $\operatorname{Tor}^A_i(M,R) \to \operatorname{Tor}^A_i(M,S)$ is zero, for every $A$-module $M$ and every $i\geq 1$. The final application is the Kawamata-Viehweg Vanishing Theorem for a connected projective variety $X$ of finite type over $\mathbb C$ whose affine cone has a log-terminal vertex (for some choice of polarization). As a smooth Fano variety has this latter property, we obtain a proof of the following conjecture of Smith for quotients of smooth Fano varieties: if $G$ is the complexification of a real Lie group acting algebraically on a projective smooth Fano variety $X$, then for any numerically effective line bundle $\mathcal L$ on any GIT quotient $Y:=X//G$, each cohomology module $H^i(Y,\mathcal L)$ vanishes for $i>0$, and, if $\mathcal L$ is moreover big, then $H^i(Y,\mathcal L^{-1})$ vanishes for $i
Factor Market Activity and the Inverse Farm Size-Productivity Relationship in Tanzania
Creators: name: Wineman, A.
name: Jayne, T.
name: Wineman, A.
name: Jayne, T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Although the inverse farm size-productivity relationship (IR) is sometimes used to motivate arguments in favor of smallholder-led agricultural development, it remains unclear what drives this relationship. It may be attributed to market imperfections that compel small farms to use land more intensively than large farms. Using a three-wave longitudinal household survey from Tanzania, we examine whether the intensity of the IR is related to local factor market activity for land, labor, credit, and animal and machine traction. The IR is evident in Tanzania, although it disappears when family labor is valued at the prevailing local agricultural wage rate. This suggests that labor market imperfections (possibly linked to other market failures) drive the IR. Furthermore, the IR is significantly weakened in the presence of relatively active markets for most factors of production. This suggests that the IR is at least partly driven by imperfections in rural factor markets, underscoring the importance of strategies to improve the functioning of these markets. Acknowledgement : The authors are grateful for the encouragement and support of the Food Security Group in the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics of Michigan State University. This work was supported by the USAID/Bureau for Food Security through the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Security Policy Cooperative Agreement with Michigan State University, and by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through the Guiding Investments in Sustainable Agricultural Intensification in Africa grant to Michigan State University.
Gamma-ray lines from cosmic-ray interactions with interstellar dust grains
Creators: name: Tatischeff, V.
name: Kiener, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As pointed out by Lingenfelter and Ramaty (1977), the shapes of some gamma-ray lines produced by cosmic-ray interactions with the interstellar medium potentially contain valuable information on the physical properties of dust grains, including their compositions and size distributions. The most promising of such lines are at 847, 1369, 1779 and 6129 keV, from 56-Fe*, 24-Mg*, 28-Si* and 16-O*, respectively. We performed detailed calculations of their profiles using, in particular, available laboratory measurements combined with optical model calculations to evaluate the energy distributions of the recoiling excited nuclei. We show that the line shapes are mainly sensitive to relatively large interstellar grains, with radii greater than 0.25 microns. Line fluxes from the inner Galaxy are then predicted.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, to be published in New Astronomy Reviews (proceedings of the Workshop "Astronomy with Radioactivities IV and Filling the Sensitivity Gap in MeV Astronomy", Seeon, Germany, May 26-30, 2003)
Monitoring the Frequency and Severity of Bird Collisions : An Analysis of Factors Influencing the UBC Chan Centre and Wall Institute
Creators: name: Little, Rachel
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Bird-building collisions are the leading cause in avian mortality, accounting annually for millions of mortal collisions in Canada. Because of the important contribution birds have to the ecosystem, it is necessary to understand how and why these collisions occur. Using modified methodology, this monitoring project aims to determine the frequency and severity of bird collisions at the Chan Centre and Wall Institute located on UBC’s Vancouver campus. Over an eight week period between February 5th 2024 and March 29th 2024, building facades were monitored frequently and collision evidence recorded. It was found that 30 total collisions occurred over this period, with significantly higher frequency located at facades with continuous glass and high proximity to vegetation. The high frequency and severity of bird collisions located at the Chan Centre and Wall Institute during this period is evidence that proactive solutions are needed in order to reduce collision occurrences. As this is the first year the Chan Centre or the Wall Institute are being monitored, future research is needed to identify the frequency of collisions and the priority areas for migration. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Land market distortions: Theory and evidence from Guatemala
Creators: name: Hernandez, M.
name: Britos, B.
name: Robles, M.
name: Trupkin, D.
name: Hernandez, M.
name: Britos, B.
name: Robles, M.
name: Trupkin, D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Farm size and land allocation are important factors in explaining lagging agricultural productivity in developing countries. This paper formally examines the effect of land market distortions on the allocation of land across farmers and overall agricultural productivity. We first develop a theoretical framework to model the optimal size distribution of farms and assess to what extent market distortions can explain non-optimal land allocation and output inefficiency. We then calibrate the model to the case of Guatemala and evaluate potential drivers of the distortions across locations. We find that aggregate agricultural productivity across regions is over the range of 54-95% of the efficient output for different major crops considered. We evaluate alternative factors correlated with these distortions and provide some policy recommendations to improve efficiency. Acknowledgement : We thank the Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE) and the Secretaria de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (SESAN) of Guatemala for their help in accessing and collecting part of the data used in the analysis. Francisco Ceballos provided excellent research assistance. All errors are our own.
Additional file 7 of Novel heavy metal resistance gene clusters are present in the genome of Cupriavidus neocaledonicus STM 6070, a new species of Mimosa pudica microsymbiont isolated from heavy-metal-rich mining site soil
Creators: name: Klonowska, Agnieszka
name: Moulin, Lionel
name: Ardley, Julie
name: Braun, Florence
name: Gollagher, Margaret
name: Zandberg, Jaco
name: Marinova, Dora
name: Huntemann, Marcel
name: T. Reddy
name: Varghese, Neha
name: Woyke, Tanja
name: Ivanova, Natalia
name: Seshadri, Rekha
name: Kyrpides, Nikos
name: Reeve, Wayne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Table S2. Number of protein coding genes of STM 6070 associated with the general COG functional categories.
Covariant derivative expansion of fermionic effective action at high temperatures
Creators: name: Diakonov, Dmitri
name: Oswald, Michaela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the fermionic contribution to the 1-loop effective action for A_4 and A_i fields at high temperatures, assuming that gluon fields are slowly varying but allowing for an arbitrary amplitude of A_4.
description: RevTex 4, 11 pages, 3 figures. Version 2: Typos corrected; magnetic fields restricted to parallel sector. Version accepted for publication in PRD
Self-scattering of non-spherical dust grains
Creators: name: Kirchschlager, Florian
name: Bertrang, Gesa H. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The understanding of (sub-)millimetre polarisation has made a leap forward since high-resolution imaging with ALMA came available. Amongst other effects, self-scattering (i.e., scattering of thermal dust emission on other grains) is thought to be the origin of millimetre polarisation. This opens the first window to a direct measurement of dust grain sizes in regions of optically thick continuum emission as it can be found in protoplanetary disks and star-forming regions. However, the newly derived values of grain sizes are usually around ${\sim}100\,μ$m and thus one order of magnitude smaller than those obtained from more indirect measurements as well as those expected from theory (${\sim}1\,$mm). We see the origin of this contradiction in the applied dust model of today's self-scattering simulations: a perfect compact sphere. The aim of this study is to test our hypothesis by investigating the impact of non-spherical grain shapes on the self-scattering signal. We apply discrete dipole approximation simulations to investigate the influence of the grain shape on self-scattering polarisation in three scenarios: an unpolarised and polarised incoming wave under a fixed as well as a varying incident polarisation angle. We find significant deviations of the resulting self-scattering polarisation when comparing non-spherical to spherical grains, in particular outside the Rayleigh regime, i.e. for >100$\,μ$m size grains observed at $870\,μ$m wavelength. Self-scattering by oblate grains produces higher polarisation degrees compared to spheres which challenges the interpretation of the origin of observed millimetre polarisation. A (nearly) perfect alignment of the non-spherical grains is required to account for the observed millimetre polarisation in protoplanetary disks. Our findings point towards a necessary re-evaluation of the dust grain sizes derived from (sub-)mm polarisation.
description: Accepted by A&A. Author accepted manuscript. Accepted on 28/04/2020. Deposited on 28/04/2020. 11 pages