cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Dynamic Programming and Data-Driven Cooperative Optimal Output Regulation with Adaptive Observers
Creators: name: Qasem, Omar
name: Jebari, Khalid
name: Gao, Weinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, a novel adaptive optimal control strategy is proposed to achieve the cooperative optimal output regulation of continuous-time linear multi-agent systems based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). The proposed method is different from those in the existing literature of ADP and cooperative output regulation in the sense that the knowledge of the exosystem dynamics is not required in the design of the exostate observers for those agents with no direct access to the exosystem. Moreover, an optimal control policy is obtained without the prior knowledge of the modeling information of any agent while achieving the cooperative output regulation. Instead, we use the state/input information along the trajectories of the underlying dynamical systems and the estimated exostates to learn the optimal control policy. Simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, where both estimation errors of exosystem matrix and exostates, and the tracking errors converge to zero in an optimal sense, which solves the cooperative optimal output regulation problem.
description: This work has been accepted for presentation at IEEE CDC 2022
Non-uniqueness and h-principle for Hölder-continuous weak solutions of the Euler equations
Creators: name: Daneri, Sara
name: Székelyhidi, László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we address the Cauchy problem for the incompressible Euler equations in the periodic setting. Based on estimates developed in [Buckmaster-De Lellis-Isett-Székelyhidi], we prove that the set of Hölder $1\slash 5-\eps$ wild initial data is dense in $L^2$, where we call an initial datum wild if it admits infinitely many admissible Hölder $1\slash 5-\eps$ weak solutions. We also introduce a new set of stationary flows which we use as a perturbation profile instead of Beltrami flows to recover arbitrary Reynolds stresses.
description: 42 pages, minor corrections following referee comments
Phosphorous Doping from APCVD Deposited PSG
Creators: name: Book, F.
name: Knauss, H.
name: Demberger, C.
name: Mutter, F.
name: Hahn, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 824-827
description: The phosphorous diffusion from atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) deposited
phosphorus silicate glass (PSG) promises reduced process costs compared to the standard POCl3 diffusion process,
since no POCl3 gas flow is necessary during the diffusion process. Therefore, much smaller or no spacing between the
wafers is necessary and the throughput of the diffusion process can be significantly increased. Furthermore, it allows a
structuring of the doping source prior to diffusion. We investigate the effect of basic process parameters concerning
the deposition of the PSG and the capping layer on sheet resistance and uniformity. On standard aluminum back surface
field (Al-BSF) solar cells, cell efficiencies of up to 19.6 % were achieved. In a high temperature co-diffusion process
with reduced P content, the APCVD-PSG emitter passivated with fired PECVD-SiNX features low j0E of 100 fA/cm²
at 50 Ω/sq. This results in a high cell VOC of 639 mV while leading to a jSC loss due to increased Auger recombination
in the deep emitter profile. This loss can partly be compensated by a selective emitter etch-back. It would not occur,
when the doping profile is located at the rear side of a bifacial or back contact solar cell as a BSF.
Photon-counting CT thermometry via material decomposition and machine learning
Creators: name: Wang, Nathan
name: Li, Mengzhou
name: Haverinen, Petteri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal ablation procedures, such as high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA), are often used to eliminate tumors by minimally invasively heating a focal region. For this task, real-time 3D temperature visualization is key to target the diseased tissues while minimizing damage to the surroundings. Current CT thermometry is based on energy-integrated CT, tissue-specific experimental data, and linear relationships between attenuation and temperature. In this letter, we develop a novel approach using photon-counting CT for material decomposition and a neural network to predict temperature based on thermal characteristics of base materials and spectral tomographic measurements of a volume of interest. In our feasibility study, distilled water, 50 mM CaCl2, and 600 mM CaCl2 are chosen as the base materials. Their attenuations are measured in four discrete energy bins at various temperatures. The neural network trained on the experimental data achieves a mean absolute error of 1.80 °C and 3.97 °C on 300 mM CaCl2 and a milk-based protein shake respectively. These experimental results indicate that our approach is promising for handling nonlinear thermal properties for materials that are similar or dissimilar to our base materials.
Measuring the Leptonic CP Phase in Neutrino Oscillations with Non-Unitary Mixing
Creators: name: Ge, Shao-Feng
name: Pasquini, Pedro
name: Tortola, M.
name: Valle, J. W. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-unitary neutrino mixing implies an extra CP violating phase that can fake the leptonic Dirac CP phase $δ_{CP}$ of the simplest three-neutrino mixing benchmark scheme. This would hinder the possibility of probing for CP violation in accelerator-type experiments. We take T2K and T2HK as examples to demonstrate the degeneracy between the "standard" (or "unitary") and "non-unitary" CP phases. We find, under the assumption of non-unitary mixing, that their CP sensitivities severely deteriorate. Fortunately, the TNT2K proposal of supplementing T2(H)K with a $μ$DAR source for better measurement of $δ_{CP}$ can partially break the CP degeneracy by probing both $\cos δ_{CP}$ and $\sin δ_{CP}$ dependences in the wide spectrum of the $μ$DAR flux. We also show that the further addition of a near detector to the $μ$DAR setup can eliminate the degeneracy completely.
description: 26 pages, latex, 11 figures, matches with PRD
Stochastic resets in the context of a tight-binding chain driven by an oscillating field
Creators: name: Dattagupta, Sushanta
name: Das, Debraj
name: Gupta, Shamik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study in the framework of the so-called driven tight-binding chain (TBC) the issue of quantum unitary dynamics interspersed at random times with stochastic resets mimicking non-unitary evolution due to interactions with the external environment, The driven TBC involves a quantum particle hopping between the nearest-neighbour sites of a one-dimensional lattice and subject to an external forcing field that is periodic in time. We consider the resets to be taking place at exponentially-distributed random times. Using the method of stochastic Liouville equation, we derive exact results for the probability at a given time for the particle to be found on different sites and averaged with respect to different realizations of the dynamics. We establish the remarkable effect of localization of the TBC particle on the sites of the underlying lattice at long times. The system in the absence of stochastic resets exhibits delocalization of the particle, whereby the particle does not have a time-independent probability distribution of being found on different sites even at long times, and, consequently, the mean-squared displacement of the particle about its initial location has an unbounded growth in time. One may induce localization in the bare model only through tuning the ratio of the strength to the frequency of the field to have a special value, namely, equal to one of the zeros of the zeroth order Bessel function of the first kind. We show here that localization may be induced by a far simpler procedure of subjecting the system to stochastic resets.
description: Accepted for publication in J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. v2: Typos fixed
Rational curves on hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Wang, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14E30, 14M22

description: Let $(X,D)$ be a pair where $X$ is a projective variety. We study in detail how the behavior of rational curves on $X$ as well as the positivity of $-(K_X+D)$ and $D$ influence the behavior of rational curves on $D$. In particular we give criteria for uniruledness and rational connectedness of components of $D$.
description: Minor changes
SiNx/SiOxNy Stack Passivation for n-Type Si
Creators: name: Zhu, J.
name: Zhou, C.
name: Søndenå, R.
name: Stensrud Marstein, E.
name: Foss, S.E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 780-782
description: The passivation properties of a SiNx/SiOxNy stack on n-type Czochralski (Cz) Si wafer and n-type
emitter with phosphorus diffusion are determined. The SiNx/SiOxNy stack shows considerably better passivation
properties on both n-type Si wafer and n-type phosphorus diffused emitters relative to the single SiNx layer after a
firing process. The improvement is more distinct for emitters with higher sheet resistance. In addition, the stability of
the SiNx/SiOxNy stack passivation is also investiga-ted. The passivation stability during extended illumination
reveals similar behavior as that of a single SiNx layer. Illumination at one-sun starts to degrade the passivation
quality after an initial increase. Heating at 250°C reduces the lifetime as well, but only on fired samples. The
passivation quality of the as-deposited stack, however, can be improved during the heating process, most likely due to
hydrogen in-diffusion. Moreover, the degradation can be largely recovered by further thermal activation. Minimal
degradation was observed for samples stored in the dark. largely be recovered by further thermal activation. Minimal
degradation was observed for samples stored in the dark.
The Interplay between the Dark Matter Axion and Primordial Black Holes
Creators: name: Mazde, Kratika
name: Visinelli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If primordial black holes (PBHs) had come to dominate the energy density of the early Universe when oscillations in the axion field began, we show that the relic abundance and expected mass range of the QCD axion would be greatly modified. Since the QCD axion is a potential candidate for dark matter (DM), we refer to it as the DM axion. We predominantly explore PBHs in the mass range $(10^6 - 5\times 10^8)\,$g. We investigate the relation between the relic abundance of DM axions and the parameter space of PBHs. We numerically solve the set of Boltzmann equations, that governs the cosmological evolution during both radiation and PBH-dominated epochs, providing the bulk energy content of the early Universe. We further solve the equation of motion of the DM axion field to obtain its present abundance. Alongside non-relativistic production mechanisms, light QCD axions are generated from evaporating PBHs through the Hawking mechanism and could make up a fraction of the dark radiation (DR). If the QCD axion is ever discovered, it will give us insight into the early Universe and probe into the physics of the PBH-dominated era. We estimate the bounds on the model from DR axions produced via PBH evaporation and thermal decoupling, and we account for isocurvature bounds for the period of inflation where the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is broken. We assess the results obtained against the available CMB data and we comment on the forecasts from gravitational wave searches. We briefly state the consequences of PBH accretion and the uncertainties this may further add to cosmology and astroparticle physics modeling.
description: 39 pages, 5 figures, Matches the version published on JCAP
Echoes of Inflationary First-Order Phase Transitions in the CMB
Creators: name: Jiang, Hongliang
name: Liu, Tao
name: Sun, Sichun
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological phase transitions (CPTs), such as the Grand Unified Theory (GUT) and the electroweak (EW) ones, play a significant role in both particle physics and cosmology. In this letter, we propose to probe the first-order CPTs, by detecting gravitational waves (GWs) which are generated during the phase transitions through the cosmic microwave background (CMB). If happened around the inflation era, the first-order CPTs may yield low-frequency GWs due to bubble dynamics, leaving imprints on the CMB. In contrast to the nearly scale-invariant primordial GWs caused by vacuum fluctuation, these bubble-generated GWs are scale dependent and have non-trivial B-mode spectra. If decoupled from inflaton, the EWPT during inflation may serve as a probe for the one after reheating where the baryon asymmetry could be generated via EW baryogenesis (EWBG). The CMB thus provides a potential way to test the feasibility of the EWBG, complementary to the collider measurements of Higgs potential and the direct detection of GWs generated during EWPT.
description: 5+6 pages, 4 figures. V2 changed title, added one figure about constraints of Planck2015+BICEP2/Keck data, added references and removed appendix. Accepted by PLB
Optimize the Front-side Boron Emitter by Removing the Boron-depleted Region with Less Damage to the Texture Pyramids
Creators: name: Simayi, S.
name: Kida, Y.
name: Shirasawa, K.
name: Suzuki, T.
name: Takato, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 703-706
description: In this work, we present n-type bifacial solar cells with a BBr3 thermally diffused emitter
on the front side. Our study related mainly to the boron profiles of the front-side emitter. We optimized
the front-side boron emitter by removing the boron-depleted region by means of a spin-etching technique.
The boron profiles of non-etched and etched samples were examined. Passivation qualities were also
studied on non-etched and etched symmetrical p+/n/p+ samples. A reduction in the emitter saturation
current density J0e in the sample in which the depletion region had been etched was investigated. A high
cell efficiency of 19.6% was achieved by removing the depleted region on the front side.
Unconventional thermoelectric transport in tilted Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Ballestad, Thorvald M.
name: Cortijo, Alberto
name: Vozmediano, María A. H.
name: Qaiumzadeh, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the effect of the tilt on the transverse thermoelectric coefficient of Weyl semimetals in the \emph{conformal} limit, i.e., zero temperature and zero chemical potential. Using the Kubo formalism, we find a nonmonotonic behavior of the thermoelectric conductivity as a function of the tilt perpendicular to the magnetic field, and a linear behavior when the tilt is aligned to the magnetic field. An ``axial Nernst" current (chiral currents counter propagating perpendicularly to the magnetic field and the temperature gradient) is generated in inversion symmetric Weyl materials when the tilt vector has a projection in the direction of the magnetic field. This analysis will help in the design and interpretation of thermoelectric transport experiments in recently discovered topological quantum materials.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Teaching physics in real-life contexts: The Beirut explosion
Creators: name: Echiburu, Mauricio
name: Hernández, Carla
name: Pino, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Teaching physics in real-life contexts continues to be a challenge for teachers at different educational levels. In this article, three Context-Rich Problems are proposed to be implemented in the classroom for higher education, using the explosion that occurred in Beirut as a case study. These problems require the search and analysis of real data, integrating technologies as tools to learn physics. In particular, the analysis of images, videos, maps and audio recordings is suggested. The proposed activities are designed to promote active learning of classical mechanics subjects and the development of collaborative skills. The results of each problem allow a discussion based on scientific evidence in the classroom.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Matches the published version
Metal Wrap through Heterojunction Solar Cell with Plated Electrode
Creators: name: Ishimura, F.
name: Li, W.
name: Kobayashi, E.
name: Hashimoto, K.
name: Sato, S.
name: Watabe, Y.
name: Bende, E.
name: Coletti, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 801-803
description: We report our recent efforts to improve cell and module efficiency by Metal Wrap Through technology.
We implemented this work in the cooperation with Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, ECN. Plating
technologies were applied in a MWT-SHJ cell, which achieved a cell efficiency of 23.3%. A single cell module was
fabricated and achieved a module efficiency of 21.9%. Current collecting electrodes were formed by electrolytic
copper plating and electrolytic tin plating. A significantly low contact resistance of 10-5 cm2 on TCO was achieved.
Line width of 23 m and line height of 21 m of plated electrode was formed for MWT-SHJ cell.
Circularly Polarized Fabry-Perot Cavity Sensing Antenna Design using Generative Model
Creators: name: Yasmeen, Kainat
name: Mishra, Kumar Vijay
name: Subramanyam, A. V.
name: Ram, Shobha Sundar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider the problem of designing a circularly polarized Fabry-P'erot cavity (FPC) antenna for S-band sensing applications such as satellite navigation and communication. The spatial distribution of peripheral roughness of the unit cell of FPC's partially reflecting surface (PRS) serves as an important design optimization criterion. However, the evaluation of each candidate design using a full-wave solver is computationally expensive. To this end, we propose a deep generative adversarial network (GAN) for realizing a surrogate model that is trained with input-output pairs of antenna designs and their corresponding patterns. Using the GAN framework, we quickly evaluate the characteristics of a large volume of candidate designs and choose the antenna design with an axial ratio of 0.4 dB, a gain of 7.5 dB, and a bandwidth of 269 MHz.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Forunderlige forvandlinger
Creators: name: Müller, Olaf L.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Skeptizismus
subject: Gleichförmigkeit der Natur
subject: Zauberei
subject: Kontextualismus
subject: Sprachphilosophie
subject: Meditation
subject: gelingendes Leben
subject: Überraschung
subject: Heiterkeit
subject: Ludwig Wittgenstein
subject: Hilary Putnam
subject: Skepticism
subject: Uniformity of Nature
subject: Magic
subject: Contextualism
subject: Philosophy of Language
subject: Flourishing Life
subject: Surprise
subject: Serenity
subject: 100 Philosophie
subject: 150 Psychologie

description: Um den Skeptizismus zu kritisieren, hat Hilary Putnam für sprachphilosophischen Kontextualismus plädiert und behauptet, dass bestimmte Behauptungen wie z.B. "Die Kutsche verwandelte sich in einen Kürbis" unverständlich seien. Dass man darauf bestehen sollte, derartige Sätze in ihrem Kontext zu betrachten, bestreite ich nicht. Und Putnam hat recht, dass es nicht ganz einfach ist, ihren Wert für die Kommunikation in konkreten Situationen sichtbar zu machen. Es genügt nicht, ihren intendierten Sinn in abstracto herauszuarbeiten, durch Verweis auf irgendeinen genuin philosophischen Theoriekontext. Andererseits scheinen wir solche Sätze zu verstehen; wir halten sie für falsch. Wie ist das möglich? Ich versuche zu zeigen, dass sich der Sinn solcher Sätze im Strom des Lebens bemerkbar machen kann – nämlich dann, wenn wir sie ernst nehmen. Meiner Ansicht nach eignen sie sich, um dem gelingenden Leben näher zu kommen. Wenn das richtig ist, so ergibt sich daraus auch ein neues Verständnis dessen, wozu Skeptizismus über die Gleichförmigkeit der Natur da sein könnte.
description: In his critique of skepticism, Hilary Putnam argues in favour of linguistic contextualism à la Wittgenstein; Putnam claims that without context we do not understand sentences such as "The coach turned into a pumpkin". I agree; we are well-advised to consider such sentences within their context. It is not easy to show how those sentences might contribute anything to our communication. Indeed it does not suffice to spell out their intended sense, or meaning, merely in abstracto—by invoking a genuinely philosophical context. On the other hand, we seem to understand those sentences. How is that possible? I try to show that their sense and meaning get noticed in the stream of life—as soon as we start taking them seriously. We should meditate how it would really look like, and what it would mean to us, if these sentences were to become true. Why should we engage ourselves in this strange meditation exercise? Because it contributes to the flourishing of our life. If that's right, it opens a new understanding of the raison d'être of skepticism about the uniformity of nature.
Effective Surface Recombination of p+-Layer in p-Type Silicon PERT Bifacial Cell
Creators: name: Eisenberg, Y.
name: Kreinin, L.
name: Bordin, N.
name: Eisenberg, N.
name: Grigorieva, G.
name: Kagan, M.
name: Hava, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 711-714
description: Boron doped BSF is a critically important factor in high efficiency p-Si bifacial solar cell design.
Recombination losses represented as effective surface recombination, Seff, are evaluated by simulation and
experimentally. For thick heavily doped p+ layers Seff is determined mainly by recombination inside the layer with
positive effect of top over doped region. Spectral response analysis of n+-p-p+ solar cells with highly doped and deep
BSF (~1.6 m) demonstrates a possibility of providing Seff of 75±20 cm/s without surface passivation. For thinner p+
layers surface recombination is a critical factor. n-Si wafers symmetrically doped by boron ion-implantation or by
boron thermal diffusion were used for experimental validation of the simulated surface recombination contribution to
Seff and its dependence on the charge trapped in the passivation layer. The recombination parameters of the samples
were measured using the photoconductivity decay method.
The complete HEFT Lagrangian after the LHC Run I
Creators: name: Brivio, I.
name: Gonzalez-Fraile, J.
name: Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C.
name: Merlo, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complete effective chiral Lagrangian for a dynamical Higgs is presented and constrained by means of a global analysis including electroweak precision data together with Higgs and triple gauge boson coupling data from the LHC Run~I. The operators' basis up to next-to-leading order in the expansion consists of 148 (188 considering right-handed neutrinos) flavour universal terms and it is presented here making explicit the custodial nature of the operators. This effective Lagrangian provides the most general description of the physical Higgs couplings once the electroweak symmetry is assumed, and it allows for deviations from the $SU(2)_L$ doublet nature of the Standard Model Higgs. The comparison with the effective linear Lagrangian constructed with an exact $SU(2)_L$ doublet Higgs and considering operators with at most canonical dimension six is presented. A promising strategy to disentangle the two descriptions consists in analysing i) anomalous signals present only in the chiral Lagrangian and not expected in the linear one, that are potentially relevant for LHC searches, and ii) decorrelation effects between observables that are predicted to be correlated in the linear case and not in the chiral one. The global analysis presented here, that includes several kinematic distributions, is crucial for reducing the allowed parameter space and for controlling the correlations between parameters. This improves previous studies aimed at investigating the Higgs Nature and the origin of the electroweak symmetry breaking.
description: Minor corrections to Feynman rules appendix and Eq. 2.21
23% Metal Wrap through Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells - A Simple Technology Integrating High Performance Cell and Module Technologies
Creators: name: Coletti, G.
name: Ishimura, F.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Bende, E.E.
name: Janssen, G.J.M.
name: Hashimoto, K.
name: Watabe, Y.
name: Van Aken, B.B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 715-717
description: Metal wrap through silicon heterojunction (MWT-SHJ) cells and modules combine the positive
benefits of both underlying technologies: namely high Voc, higher Jsc and higher FF maintained before and after
module encapsulation. We obtained 22.0% efficiency with low temperature Ag paste metallisation of front side and
more than 23% on copper plated front metallisation. Voc values above 730 mV have been achieved, demonstrating
that this architecture maintains the exceptional passivation of SHJ devices. The MWT cell and module structure
offers even greater advantages when applied to SHJ solar cells: i) front side Ag consumption reduction up to a factor
two; ii) low temperature cell interconnection concurrently with the encapsulation. Our record MWT-SHJ solar cells
and modules are manufactured using industrially proven tools. The metallisation choice gives ample room to
manufacturers to optimise based on internal cost structure and business strategy.
Surface Passivation of c-Si Using Silicon Oxynitride - Accentuating the Thermal Stability by Silicon Nitride Capping Layer
Creators: name: Soman, A.
name: Antony, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 734-737
description: Excellent surface passivation plays a pivotal role in increasing the open circuit voltage of high efficiency c-Si solar
cells. In this work we demonstrate hydrogenated Silicon Oxynitride (SiON) as a passivation layer for both p & n type
crystalline silicon wafers. We have also investigated the importance of Silicon Nitride (SiN) capping layer which
provides the SiON films better thermal stability and prevents degradation of SiON films and characterization were
performed with the help of quasi steady state photoconductance measurement and Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR). The single layer SiON gives an implied VOC of 626mV on p type and 639mV on n type CZ
wafers and degrades after annealing whereas SiON/SiN stack gives an implied VOC of 656 mV and improves to 673
mV for p type CZ wafers after annealing. We have obtained surface recombination velocity of < 50 cm/s for
SiON/SiN layers. The degradation of SiON single layer after annealing and the improved performance of SiON/SiN
bilayer passivation have been explained with the help of Si-H bond analysis from FTIR.
Topological magnetic structures in MnGe: Neutron diffraction and symmetry analysis
Creators: name: Pomjakushin, V.
name: Plokhikh, I.
name: White, J. S.
name: Fujishiro, Y.
name: Kanazawa, N.
name: Tokura, Y.
name: Pomjakushina, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From new neutron powder diffraction experiments on the chiral cubic ($P2{_1}3$) magnet manganese germanide MnGe, we analyse all of the possible crystal symmetry-allowed magnetic superstructures that are determined successfully from the data. The incommensurate propagation vectors $k$ of the magnetic structure are found to be aligned with the [100] cubic axes, and correspond to a magnetic periodicity of about 30 $Å$ at 1.8 K. Several maximal crystallographic symmetry magnetic structures are found to fit the data equally well and are presented. These include topologically non-trivial magnetic hedgehog and "skyrmion'' structures in multi-$k$ cubic or orthorhombic 3+3 and orthorhombic 3+2 dimensional magnetic superspace groups respectively, with either potentially responsible for topological Hall effect. The presence of orthorhombic distortions in the space group $P2_12_12_1$ caused by the transition to the magnetically ordered state does not favour the cubic magnetic hedgehog structure, and leave both orthorhombic hedgehog and "skyrmion'' models as equal candidates for the magnetic structures. We also report on a new combined mechanochemical and solid-state chemical route to synthesise MnGe at ambient pressures and moderate temperatures, and compare with samples obtained by the traditional high pressure synthesis.
description: New high-resolution neutron diffraction data are added that allows us to unambiguously determine a preference for the orthorhombic symmetry
The Application of Multilayer SiNx Anti-Reflection Films in Polycrstalline Silicon Solar Cell Production
Creators: name: Ma, H.
name: Li, Z.
name: Pang, L.
name: Zhang, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 694-696
description: In order to improve the conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells, a new multilayer
PECVD process for producing SiNx films is investigated. By using different PECVD routes, applying wafer preprocess
step, utilizing optimized multilayer SiNx deposition process, the effect of passivation and anti-reflection is
enhanced, thereby the conversion efficiency of solar cells is improved. According to the result of comparative
experiment, the solar cells with double layer films have 0.1% efficiency gain than single layer solar cells, solar cells
with triple-layer have 0.15% efficiency gain than double layer solar cells.
A simple analytical expression of quantum Fisher and Skew information and their dynamics under decoherence channels
Creators: name: Abouelkhir, Nour-Eddine
name: Hadfi, Hanane EL
name: Slaoui, Abdallah
name: Laamara, Rachid Ahl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In statistical estimation theory, it has been shown previously that the Wigner-Yanase skew information is bounded by the quantum Fisher information associated with the phase parameter. Besides, the quantum Cramér-Rao inequality is expressed in terms of skew information. Since these two fundamental quantities are based on the concept of quantum uncertainty, we derive here their analytical formulas for arbitrary two qubit $X$-states using the same analytical procedures. A comparison of these two informational quantifiers for two quasi-Werner states composed of two bipartite superposed coherent states is examined. Moreover, we investigated the decoherence effects on such quantities generated by the phase damping, depolarization and amplitude damping channels. We showed that decoherence strongly influences the quantum criteria during the evolution and these quantities exhibit similar dynamic behaviors. This current work is characterized by the fact that these two concepts play the same role and capture similar properties in quantum estimation protocols.
description: Published version in Physica A
Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Expertensystemszur Prognoseabschätzung bei Kindern mitHirnstammgliomen
Creators: name: Schnabel, Kai Philipp
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Expertensystem
subject: Entscheidungshilfe
subject: Prognose
subject: Hirnstammgliome
subject: expert system
subject: decision support
subject: prognosis
subject: brain stem glioma
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 33 Medizin
subject: ST 300
subject: XH 8550

description: Es wurde ein Expertensystem zur Prognoseabschätzung entwickelt und evaluiert, welches eine neue Art der Regelbewertung anwendet. Als Krankheitsbild wurden exemplarisch Hirnstammgliome im Kindesalter gewählt. HISTAGLI besteht aus einer Informationskomponente, die einen inhaltlichen Überblick über das Krankheitsbild gibt, einer Datenbank, in der sämtliche Patienteneingaben sowohl als Text, als auch graphisch einsehbar ist und einer Prognoseerstellungskomponente, in der eine Prognose in sechs verschiedenen Kategorien unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Therapieschemata für einen neu eingegebenen Patienten erstellt und der Weg zur Prognoseerstellung erläutert wird. Die der Prognoseerstellungskomponete zugrundeliegende Wissensbasis wurden aufgrund der klinischen und histopathologischen Daten von 23 Kindern, die an einem Hirnstammgliom erkrankt waren, halbautomatisch von einem Experten bewertet. Es fand sich dabei eine hohe Korrelation von 78,26% (bzw. 86,96% bei einer Kategorie Toleranz) Übereinstimmung mit den tatsächlichen Prognosen der Patienten. Dieses Ergebnis ist nur mit Einschränkungen auf neue Patienten übertragbar, da die Fallzahl zu gering für statistische Aussagen ist. Bei entsprechender Pflege des Systems ist mit wachsenden Fallzahlen mit einer immer höher werdenden Genauigkeit zu rechnen.
description: An expert system for the estimation of a prognosis was developed and evaluated which uses a new kind of valuation. Brainstem gliomas in the childhood were chosen as an example of a disease. HISTAGLI consists of an information component which gives an overview about the disease, a database in which all patient data is presented as text and graphics, and a prognosis creation component which creates a prognosis for newly inserted patients in six categories under consideration of different therapy pattern and explains the way towards the estimation of the prognosis. The knowledge base of the prognosis creation component was made out of the clinical and histopathological data of 23 children with brainstem gliomas halfautomaticly valued by an expert. There was a high correlation of 78,26% (with one category toleranz 86,96% ) accordance with the real prognosis of the patients. This result is only restricted transferable to new patients because of the number of cases which is too small for statistical evidence. Higher precision is expected with appropriate maintenance and an increasing number of cases.
A New Type Back Contact Solar Cells Based on Si Wafer and Combined with the Multilayer MoOx/Ag/MoOx and Cesium Carbonate Films
Creators: name: Wu, W.
name: Bao, J.
name: Shen, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 656-659
description: We present a new dopant-free back contact solar cells combined with the multi-functional emitter MoOx
(20 nm)/Ag (15 nm)/MoOx (10 nm) (MAM) and 3nm Cs2CO3 as back surface field (BSF). The initial efficiency of
14.06% has been achieved, featuring the short circuit current density of 36.4 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage of 591 mV
and FF of 65.37% under STC (AM 1.5 global spectrum, 25 °C and 1000 W/m2) on the 4 cm2 area single side textured
FZ n-Si. The front textured surface is passivated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) 70 nm
SiNx and thermal oxide 10 nm SiO2. The rear-side 100 m interdigital gap, 250 m half-width electrode/Cs2CO3 and
750 m half-width electrode/MAM are deposited by thermal evaporation with accurate control by metal masking
instead of high temperature diffusion and photolithographic masking. In order to achieve higher efficiency, we analyze
the power loss, due to the front surface recombination velocity can be reduced to S=2.9 cm/s, the main losses of JSC are
the light escape and back surface recombination. Additionally, the trend of series resistance changing with voltage is
different from the homojunction back contact solar cells.
Field-Effect Surface Passivation Paste by Screen-Printing for High Efficiency PERC
Creators: name: Hayasaka, T.
name: Kodama, S.
name: Shimizu, M.
name: Hamada, M.
name: Tanaka, N.
name: Nojiri, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 677-679
description: Passivation paste for Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC) easily formed by screen-printing is
described. The layer is composed of aluminum-other metal complex oxide. Passivation layer can be formed at low
cost without gas-phase process. The forming procedure is as follows: (i) Printing the passivation paste on silicon
wafers. (ii) Baking the wafers and volatilizing solvent. (iii) Annealing the wafers and promoting structure change to
form passivation layer. The passivation layer is hard and stuck fast to the wafer. The carrier lifetimes of samples with
the passivation layer are comparable to those of the ALD-AlOx applied sample. The negative fixed charge density of
the paste is higher than -1×1012 cm-2. Quantum efficiency of the passivation paste applied PERC is equivalent to the
ALD-AlOx applied reference cell.
Probability of Boundary Conditions in Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Suenobu, Hiroshi
name: Nambu, Yasusada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main interest in quantum cosmology is to determine boundary conditions for the wave function of the universe which can predict observational data of our universe. For this purpose, we solve the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for a closed universe with a scalar field numerically and evaluate probabilities for boundary conditions of the wave function of the universe. To impose boundary conditions of the wave function, we use exact solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation with a constant scalar field potential. These exact solutions include wave functions with well known boundary condition proposals, the no-boundary proposal and the tunneling proposal. We specify the exact solutions by introducing two real parameters to discriminate boundary conditions, and obtain the probability for these parameters under the requirement of sufficient e-foldings of the inflation. The probability distribution of boundary conditions prefers the tunneling boundary condition to the no-boundary boundary condition. Furthermore, for large values of a model parameter related to the inflaton mass and the cosmological constant, the probability of boundary conditions selects an unique boundary condition different from the tunneling type.
description: 26 pages, published version in General Relativity and Gravitation
Combination of Plasma-Damage-Less Cat-CVD with a New Low Temperature Impurity Doping Method, Cat-Doping, for Improvement of Solar Cell Performance
Creators: name: Huynh, T.C.T.
name: Terashima, S.
name: Koyama, K.
name: Nguyen, C.T.
name: Matsumura, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 606-609
description: This paper is to study on a new doping technology, Cat-doping, in which phosphorus or boron atoms can be doped into crystalline-silicon (c-Si) at temperatures as low as 80 oC by utilizing catalytically cracked species of phosphine or diborane. This paper is also to study on its application to improvement of quality of silicon-nitride (SiNx) single passivation on c-Si, which is prepared by plasma-damage-less deposition method, catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD), often called Hot-Wire CVD. It is found that carrier lifetimes over 6 ms can be obtained by this SiNx single passivation when c-Si surface is Cat-doped in advance, and the Cat-CVD SiNx films exhibit excellent chemical resistance, which makes fabrication process of back contact solar cells easier.
Dynamics of dwarf galaxies in $f(R)$ gravity
Creators: name: de Martino, Ivan
name: Diaferio, Antonaldo
name: Ostorero, Luisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the kinematic data of the stars in eight dwarf spheroidal galaxies to assess whether $f(R)$ gravity can fit the observed profiles of the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of these systems without resorting to dark matter. Our model assumes that each galaxy is spherically symmetric and has a constant velocity anisotropy parameter $β$ and constant mass-to-light ratio consistent with stellar population synthesis models. We solve the spherical Jeans equation that includes the Yukawa-like gravitational potential appearing in the weak field limit of $f(R)$ gravity, and a Plummer density profile for the stellar distribution. The $f(R)$ velocity dispersion profiles depend on two parameters: the scale length $ξ^{-1}$, below which the Yukawa term is negligible, and the boost of the gravitational field $δ>-1$. $δ$ and $ξ$ are not universal parameters, but their variation within the same class of objects is expected to be limited. The $f(R)$ velocity dispersion profiles fit the data with a value $ξ^{-1}= 1.2^{+18.6}_{-0.9}$ Mpc for the entire galaxy sample. On the contrary, the values of $δ$ show a bimodal distribution that picks at $\barδ=-0.986\pm0.002$ and $\barδ=-0.92\pm0.01$. These two values disagree at $6σ$ and suggest a severe tension for $f(R)$ gravity. It remains to be seen whether an improved model of the dwarf galaxies or additional constraints provided by the proper motions of stars measured by future astrometric space missions can return consistent $δ$'s for the entire sample and remove this tension.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 2 Tables. Accepted for publication on MNRAS
Torsion order of smooth projective surfaces
Creators: name: Kahn, Bruno
name: Colliot-Thélène, with an appendix by Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C25, 19E15

description: To a smooth projective variety $X$ whose Chow group of $0$-cycles is $\mathbf Q$-universally trivial one can associate its torsion index $\mathrm{Tor}(X)$, the smallest multiple of the diagonal appearing in a cycle-theoretic decomposition à la Bloch-Srinivas. We show that $\mathrm{Tor}(X)$ is the exponent of the torsion in the Néron-Severi-group of $X$ when $X$ is a surface over an algebraically closed field $k$, up to a power of the exponential characteristic of $k$.
description: A few more minor changes in Colliot-Th\'el\`ene's appendix
Bayesian probability updates using Sampling/Importance Resampling: Applications in nuclear theory
Creators: name: Jiang, Weiguang
name: Forssén, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review an established Bayesian sampling method called sampling/importance resampling and highlight situations in nuclear theory when it can be particularly useful. To this end we both analyse a toy problem and demonstrate realistic applications of importance resampling to infer the posterior distribution for parameters of $Δ$NNLO interaction model based on chiral effective field theory and to estimate the posterior probability distribution of target observables. The limitation of the method is also showcased in extreme situations where importance resampling breaks.