Pseudosmittia danconai
Creators: name: Ferrington Jr, Leonard C.
name: Saether, Ole A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Pseudosmittia
Pseudosmittia danconai

description: Pseudosmittia danconai (Marcuzzi)   
(Figs. 104, 105)  
 Smittia danconai Marcuzzi, 1947: 12 (incorrect original spelling “ D'Anconai”).   
 Pseudosmittia danconai (Marcuzzi); Ashe & Cranston 1990: 223; Saether 2006: 28; Makarchenko & Makarchenko 2007: 309, 2008: 219; Andersen & Mendes 2010: 576.   
 Smittia hamata Freeman, 1956:358; Saether & Ferrington 2003: 4. Pseudosmittia hamata Strenzke, 1960b:433; Ashe & Cranston 1990: 223.   
 Pseudosmittia neohamata Cranston, in Ashe & Cranston 1990: 223, replacement name for P. hamata Strenzke.   
 Pseudosmittia jintuvicesima Sasa, 1996b: 72; Yamamoto, 2004: 88.   
 Pseudosmittia seiryupequea Sasa, Suzuki et Sakai, 1998: 117; Yamamoto, 2004: 89.   
 Material examined: GERMANY: Baden-Würtenberg, Kreis Sinsheim, near Bad Rappenau, holotype male of P. hamata Strenzke, reared from larvae collected 6.i. and 29.iv.1956 and emerged 2–3 weeks later, H. Scholl, on 2 slides (GP639–640, NMS); Paratypes of P. hamata Strenzke, 4 males or parts of males, 3 females or parts of females, 4 pupae, 2 larvae, same data as holotype; Bodensee area, Mindelsee, 1 male, 13.vii.1963, F. Reiss (ZSM); Iscur, mature male pupa, 29.ix.1984, F. Reiss (ZSM). SPAIN: San Pedro Pescador, Rio Fluvió, 1 male, 28.viii.1987, F. Reiss (?) (ZMS). SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal, Kruger National Park, Shubuza, paratypes males & females of P. hamata (Freeman), iv–v.1955, A. D. Harrison (BMNH). ZIMBABWE: 1 male, 8.xii.1961, A. D. Harrison (ZMBN). USA: South Dakota, Vermillion, Missouri River, Clay County Park, 1 larva, 7.vi.1971, P. L. Hudson (ZMBN). UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Abu Dhabi, Al-Ajban Estate, 24 0 36’N 55 0 01’E, Malaise & light traps, 8 males, 21–28.xii.2005, A. van Harten (ZMBN); JAPAN: Honshu, Toyama Pref., Niita at Jinshu River, holotype male of P. jintuvicesima, 30.v.1989, M. Sasa (NMST No. 319: 99); Shikoku, Kochi Pref., Nishitosa-Mura, Ekawasaki, holotype male of P. seiryupequea, 26.iv.1998 (NMST No. A 358: 80).   
 Diagnostic characters: The male imago differs from P. duplicata Caspers by having the fused superior and median volsella with outer corners, inferior volsella hooked and AR of 0.68–1.08. The female is characterized by having an LR 1 of 0.50–0.54 and presence of a strong apical seta on the last flagellomere of the antenna. The pupa is characterized by having strong anterior and posterior shagreen, no setae on anal segment, genital sac without spinules, tergal conjunctive II/III with 0–20 spinules, at least some other tergal conjunctives with more than 40 spinules, sternal conjunctive III/IV bare and VII/VIII with 33–51 spinules. The larva has 3 inner teeth on mandible, 4 pairs of lateral teeth on mentum, posterior parapods each with 3 slender claws each 15–18 µm long and antennal blade more than twice as long as basal antennal segment.   
 Male imago   
All measurements and ratios within the range of variation of P. forcipata with the following exceptions and additions: Wing (Fig. 104 A) length/length of profemur 2.95–3.06, 3.04 (5). AR 0.65–1.08, 0.81 (10). Terminal flagellomere 208–311, 256 µm (10) long. Temporal setae consisting of 2–4, 4 (7) inner verticals and 3–5, 4 (8) outer verticals. VR 1.33–1.42, 1.39 (6). Costal extension 15–34, 22 µm (6) long. Cu1 slightly curved to sinuate. R with 0–2, 1 (6) setae. Larger spur of hind tibia 36–48, 40 µm (5) long. LR1 0.47–0.53, 0.51(5), SV1 3.48–3.90, 3.66 (5), LR3 0.55–0.61, 0.57 (6), BV3 3.00–3.41, 3.22 (6), SV3 3.18–3.50, 3.36 (6).  
Hypopygium (Fig. 104 F, Marcuzzi 1947, fig. 1a–e, Freeman 1956, fig. 14n, Strenzke 1960b, fig. 31). Without anal point; tergite IX with 6–11, 9 (13) setae; laterosternite IX with 2–4, 3 (14) setae. Virga (Fig. 104 E) 19–41, 32 µm (14) long. Gonocoxite 101–126, 113 µm (16) long; superior volsella 23–39, 32 µm (16) long, 25–41, 32 µm (15) wide; inferior volsella 14–25, 19 µm (16) long, hook-shaped. Gonostylus 45–55, 49 µm (16) long; inner margin with dense, long microtrichia. HR 1.96–2.65, 2.32 (16); HV 2.96–3.60 (3).  
 Female imago (n = 1–2)   
 All measurements and ratios within the range of variation of P. forcipata with the following exceptions and additions: Total length 1.14 mm. Wing (Fig. 105 A; Strenzke 1960b, fig. 34) length 0.65–0.84 mm. Wing length/length of profemur 2.82. AR 0.37–0.40. Fifth flagellomere with 25 µm long strong apical seta (Fig. 105 B; Marcuzzi 1947, fig. 1g, Strenzke 1960b, fig. 32). With 5 outer verticals. Tentorium 7–9 µm wide. Third palpomere 37–50 µm long. Coronal suture absent. Front tibia 257–324 µm long, hind femur 270–342 µm long, hind tibia 297–387 µm long, hind ta 5 27–32 µm long, LR 1 0.50–0.54, BV 1 3.49–4.21, SV 1 3.22–3.48, BR 1 2.8. Gonocoxite with short, triangular caudal projection, with 1 strong and 3 weak setae (Fig. 105 C–G; Strenzke 1960b, fig. 35a, b); tergite IX with 4–11 setae, apodeme against gonocoxite 57–64 µm long.   
 Pupa (n = 12).   
Total length 1.58–2.39, 2.10 mm long. Exuviae nearly colorless, with only slight yellowish tinge on cephalothoracic margins.  
 Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome, thorax and wing sheath smooth. Frontal setae, longer precorneals, longer median antepronotals and postorbitals each about 45–68 µm long. Shorter precorneal, shorter median antepronotal and longer dorsocentral (usually Dc 4) each about 30–40 µm long. Shorter dorsocentrals each about 15–20 µm long. Distance between Dc 1 and Dc 2 48–114, 71; between Dc 2 and Dc 3 5–43, 24 µm long; between Dc 3 and Dc 4 7–16, 10 µ m.   
Abdomen (Fig. 105 H; Strenzke 1960b, fig. 36). Tergite I bare in male, with anterolateral spinules in female; T II–VII with shagreen over whole tergite, T VIII with a bare preapical band, T IX with median and lateral spinules. Sternite I–II bare, S III–VII with weak median spinules, S VIII–IX with anteromedian spinules. Tergal conjunctive II/ III with 0–20, 7 spinules; III/IV with 25–46, 34; IV/V with 44–77, 61; V/VI with 35–79, 60; VI/VII with 30–71, 54 spinules. Sternal conjunctive IV/V with 0–14, 2 spinules; V/VI with 43–105, 71; VI/VII with 45–85, 63; VII/VIII with 33–51, 43 spinules. Anal segment without setae. Genital sac of male overreaching segment by 57–85, 72 µm (7); without spinules.  
 Fourth instar larva (n = 1).   
Total length 2.6 mm. Head capsule length 0.19 mm.  
Head. Antenna as in Fig. 105 I. Length of antennal segments (in µm): 10, 3.5, 2, 2.5. AR 1.22. Basal antennal segment 12.5 µm wide; blade 24 µm long; accessory blade 5.5 µm long. Subapical style of second segment 4 µm long. Premandible (Fig. 105 J) 45 µm long. Mandible (Fig. 105 K) 83 µm long; with 3 inner teeth; seta subdentalis not measurable, seta interna absent. Mentum as in Fig. 105 L, median tooth 24 µm wide, ventromental plate 9 µm wide in flattened mentum. Postmentum 69 µm long.  
Abdomen. Anterior parapods 34 µm long, each with about 25 longer claws. Posterior parapods 41 µm long, each with 3 claws, 16 µm long. Dorsal anal tubules 27 µm long, 23 µm wide. Ventral anal tubules 27 µm long, 43 µm wide.  
 Distribution   
The species is known from Finland, Germany, Greece, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Romania, Russia including the Far East, Spain, Lebanon, Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates), South Africa, Zimbabwe, USA and Japan.
description: Published as part of Ferrington Jr, Leonard C. & Saether, Ole A., 2011, A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) 2849, pp. 1-314 in Zootaxa 2849 (1) on pages 273-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2849.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5288200