cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Light propagation in finite and infinite photonic crystals: The recursive Green's function technique
Creators: name: Rahachou, A. I.
name: Zozoulenko, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a new computational method based on the recursive Green's function technique for calculation of light propagation in photonic crystal structures. The advantage of this method in comparison to the conventional finite-difference time domain (FDTD) technique is that it computes Green's function of the photonic structure recursively by adding slice by slice on the basis of Dyson's equation. This eliminates the need for storage of the wave function in the whole structure, which obviously strongly relaxes the memory requirements and enhances the computational speed. The second advantage of this method is that it can easily account for the infinite extension of the structure both into the air and into the space occupied by the photonic crystal by making use of the so-called "surface Green's functions". This eliminates the spurious solutions (often present in the conventional FDTD methods) related to e.g. waves reflected from the boundaries defining the computational domain. The developed method has been applied to study scattering and propagation of the electromagnetic waves in the photonic band-gap structures including cavities and waveguides. A particular attention has been paid to surface modes residing on a termination of a semi-infinite photonic crystal. We demonstrate that coupling of the surface states with incoming radiation may result in enhanced intensity of an electromagnetic field on the surface and very high Q factor of the surface state. This effect can be employed as an operational principle for surface-mode lasers and sensors.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
THE STATUS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
Creators: name: Williams, Donald Birtall
name: Williams, Donald Birtall
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1960
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Let me begin by postulating that the high status now enjoyed by science is precarious. It is founded on fallacies in the minds of many people about the nature of science. These fallacies are widespread not only in the public mind but in the minds of scientists themselves because they have failed to recognise the significance of the human element in science. The general public entertains a different fallacy based on the belief that science's main role is a technological one, destined to help us improve material welfare and wage war. My address discusses the nature and effects of these fallacies, and particularly the way in which they have reduced the status of the social sciences, not only in the minds of other scientists, but in the mind of the general public as well.
Scientific Discovery by Generating Counterfactuals using Image Translation
Creators: name: Narayanaswamy, Arunachalam
name: Venugopalan, Subhashini
name: Webster, Dale R.
name: Peng, Lily
name: Corrado, Greg
name: Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan
name: Bavishi, Pinal
name: Sayres, Rory
name: Huang, Abigail
name: Balasubramanian, Siva
name: Brenner, Michael
name: Nelson, Philip
name: Varadarajan, Avinash V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Model explanation techniques play a critical role in understanding the source of a model's performance and making its decisions transparent. Here we investigate if explanation techniques can also be used as a mechanism for scientific discovery. We make three contributions: first, we propose a framework to convert predictions from explanation techniques to a mechanism of discovery. Second, we show how generative models in combination with black-box predictors can be used to generate hypotheses (without human priors) that can be critically examined. Third, with these techniques we study classification models for retinal images predicting Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), where recent work showed that a CNN trained on these images is likely learning novel features in the image. We demonstrate that the proposed framework is able to explain the underlying scientific mechanism, thus bridging the gap between the model's performance and human understanding.
description: Accepted at MICCAI 2020. This version combines camera-ready and supplement
Orbital evolution of gas-driven inspirals with extreme mass-ratios: retrograde eccentric orbits
Creators: name: Sanchez-Salcedo, F. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using two-dimensional simulations, we compute the torque and rate of work (power) on a low-mass gravitational body, with softening length $R_{\rm soft}$, embedded in a gaseous disk when its orbit is eccentric and retrograde with respect to the disk. We explore orbital eccentricities $e$ between $0$ and $0.6$. We find that the power has its maximum at $e\simeq 0.25(h/0.05)^{2/3}$, where $h$ is the aspect ratio of the disk. We show that the power and the torque converge to the values predicted in the local (non-resonant) approximation of the dynamical friction (DF) when $R_{\rm soft}$ tends to zero. For retrograde inspirals with mass ratios $\lesssim 5\times 10^{-4}$ embedded in disks with $h\geq 0.025$, our simulations suggest that (i) the rate of inspiral barely depends on the orbital eccentricity and (ii) the local approximation provides the value of this inspiral rate within a factor of $1.5$. The implications of the results for the orbital evolution of extreme mass-ratio inspirals are discussed.
description: 17 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
PRODUCTION AND INCOME UNCERTAINTY IN THE WOOL INDUSTRY: AN AGGREGATIVE APPROACH
Creators: name: Powell, Alan A.
name: Powell, Alan A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1960
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: Production instability has been rightly regarded as one of the key problems of Australian agriculture. Campbell has emphasised that little attention has been focussed on reducing fluctuations in output as a means of cushioning income variations, although a great deal of interest has been taken in various measures designed to stabilize price. (l) An attempt is made in this paper to split up total variability of aggregate wool income into two components: the first corresponding to production uncertainty, and the second to price uncertainty. It is only by this sort of approach that we are in a position to gauge the possible effectiveness of any scheme designed to stabilize aggregate income, whether such a scheme act through price or output. This analysis suggests that over the last thirty years production instability has been of very much less significance than shifts in overseas demand in accounting for fluctuations in aggregate wool income, (2) confirming the views taken by Blau, (3) McMillan( 4) and Lewis. (5) It also highlights the critical dependence of Australian export income on overseas demand conditions.
AGRICULTURAL USE OF THE SNOWY WATERS: II: IRRIGATION PLANS AND POLICY
Creators: name: England, H.N.
name: England, H.N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1960
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The aim of this paper is to present the background against which the various problems of the agricultural use of Snowy waters can be viewed. It attempts to cover irrigation planning, administration and policy in general terms, and plans and policy for irrigation development in the States concerned, as far as they are known. Naturally enough policy is dealt with only at the departmental level: here, and generally, the discussion centres on the author's own organization, the N.S.W. Water Conservation and Irrigation Commission. Most of the irrigation development will be in New South Wales.
Analysis of the long-range random field quantum antiferromagnetic Ising model
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Bikas K.
name: Das, Arnab
name: Inoue, Jun-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a solvable quantum antiferromagnetic model. The model, with Ising spins in a transverse field, has infinite range antiferromagnetic interactions with random fields on each site, following an arbitrary distribution. As is well-known, frustration in the random field Ising model gives rise to a many-valley structure in the spin-configuration space. In addition, the antiferromagnetism also induces a regular frustration even for the ground state. In this paper, we investigate analytically the critical phenomena in the model, having both randomness and frustration and we report some analytical results for it.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, Euro. Phys. J B (to be published)
Band structures of P-, D-, and G-surfaces
Creators: name: Fujita, Nobuhisa
name: Terasaki, Osamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study on the band structures of the electron constrained to move along triply-periodic minimal surfaces. Three well known surfaces connected via Bonnet transformations, namely P-, D-, and G-surfaces, are considered. The six-dimensional algebra of the Bonnet transformations [C. Oguey and J.-F. Sadoc, J. Phys. I France 3, 839 (1993)] is used to prove that the eigenstates for these surfaces are interrelated at a set of special points in the Brillouin zones. The global connectivity of the band structures is, however, different due to the topological differences of the surfaces. A numerical investigation of the band structures as well as a detailed analysis on their symmetry properties is presented. It is shown that the presence of nodal lines are closely related to the symmetry properties. The present study will provide a basis for understanding further the connection between the topology and the band structures.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
WOOL MARKETING: SOME THOUGHTS FROM THE MARKET PLACE
Creators: name: McMillan, R.B.
name: McMillan, R.B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1960
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper will not discuss wool's competitive situation, its general outlook, or the nature and significance of its price fluctuations. These are nowadays receiving good attention elsewhere. My main object here is to restate some of the basic facts about the wool market, which must always be borne in mind in any discussion of wool marketing. And the method will be to describe existing marketing systems briefly, and then to examine some of the circumstances which place limitations on the choice of alternative systems available. However, there will be no attempt to make any such choice; only to provide some light for any discussion on the problem. One reason for this approach is that I believe that, with this, the most complex and specialized of our major products, there has been a tendency to reach conclusions without a proper consideration of these principles. Another reason is that wool marketing is a good example of a subject which calls for a blend of both practical knowledge and an economic sense. The practical man cannot go far without an understanding of economic principles and the place of wool in the nation's economy and in world trade; the economist needs a good knowledge of the nature of the fibre, its production pattern and the way in which it must be handled in the many processes before it arrives at its end uses.
$k$ Strings from Various Perspectives: QCD, Lattices, String Theory and Toy Models
Creators: name: Shifman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the status of the issue of the k-string tension in Yang-Mills theory. After a summary of known facts I discuss a weakly coupled four-dimensional Yang-Mills theory that supports non-Abelian strings and can, in certain aspects, serve as a toy model for QCD strings. In the second part of the talk I present original results obtained in a two-dimensional toy model which provides some evidence for the sine formula.
description: Based on invited talks at the Workshop Understanding Confinement/Zakharov-Fest, Ringberg Castle, Tegernsee, May 16-21, Germany, and the Cracow School of Theoretical Physics, Zakopane, Poland, June 3-12, 2005. 33 pages. v2: typos corrected, acknowledgments added, minor corrections in equations in Sect. 11
ESTIMATING EFFICIENCY MEASURES IN NORTH DAKOTA FARMS
Creators: name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: normalized quadratic cost function
subject: economies of scale

description: A normalized Quadratic Cost function is estimated using data from 1998-2003 to analyze the cost structure of North Dakota farms. Results indicate that there is overall evidence of increasing returns to scale. However, we do not find differences in efficiency across the different farm sizes. Marginal costs scale economies do not differ significantly across the different size categories, indicating that small and medium farms are just as efficient as the larger farms.
Reinforcement Communication Learning in Different Social Network Structures
Creators: name: Dubova, Marina
name: Moskvichev, Arseny
name: Goldstone, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social network structure is one of the key determinants of human language evolution. Previous work has shown that the network of social interactions shapes decentralized learning in human groups, leading to the emergence of different kinds of communicative conventions. We examined the effects of social network organization on the properties of communication systems emerging in decentralized, multi-agent reinforcement learning communities. We found that the global connectivity of a social network drives the convergence of populations on shared and symmetric communication systems, preventing the agents from forming many local "dialects". Moreover, the agent's degree is inversely related to the consistency of its use of communicative conventions. These results show the importance of the basic properties of social network structure on reinforcement communication learning and suggest a new interpretation of findings on human convergence on word conventions.
title: Anigozanthos :
title: Directrices para la ejecución del examen de la distinción, la homogeneidad y la estabilidad.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,
Year: 0
Subjects: Kangaroo Paw
Group identity.
New Varieties of Plants

description: La finalidad de estas directrices (“directrices de examen”) es elaborar los principios que figuran en la Introducción General (documento TG/1/3) y sus documentos TGP conexos, con objeto de que sirvan de orientación práctica y detallada para el examen armonizado de la distinción, homogeneidad y estabilidad (DHE) y en particular, para identificar los caracteres apropiados para el examen DHE y producir descripciones armonizadas de variedades.
Probing for evolutionary links between local ULIRGs and QSOs from NIR spectroscopy
Creators: name: Dasyra, K. M.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Davies, R. I.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Naab, T.
name: Sanders, D. B.
name: Veilleux, S.
name: Baker, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the dynamical evolution of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs), merging galaxies of infrared luminosity >10^12 L_sun. During our Very Large Telescope large program, we have obtained ISAAC near-infrared, high-resolution spectra of 54 ULIRGs (at several merger phases) and 12 local Palomar-Green QSOs to investigate whether ULIRGs go through a QSO phase during their evolution. One possible evolutionary scenario is that after nuclear coalescence, the black hole radiates close to Eddington to produce QSO luminosities. The mean stellar velocity dispersion that we measure from our spectra is similar (~160 km/s) for 30 post-coalescence ULIRGs and 7 IR-bright QSOs. The black holes in both populations have masses of order 10^7-10^8 M_sun (calculated from the relation to the host dispersion) and accrete at rates >0.5 Eddington. Placing ULIRGs and IR-bright QSOs on the fundamental plane of early-type galaxies shows that they are located on a similar region (that of moderate-mass ellipticals), in contrast to giant ellipticals and radio-loud QSOs. While this preliminary comparison of the ULIRG and QSO host kinematical properties indicates that (some) ULIRGs may undergo a QSO phase in their evolutionary history before they settle down as ellipticals, further data on non-IR excess QSOs are necessary to test this scenario.
description: To appear in the "QSO Host Galaxies: Evolution and Environment" conference proceedings; meeting held in Leiden, August 2005
Boochs, Wolfgang (Hrsg.): Geschichte und Geist der Koptischen Kirche
Creators: name: Pinggéra, Karl
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 91 (2007): Oriens christianus, Band 91
Ultrafast dynamics in normal and Charge Density Wave phase of 2H-NbSe2
Creators: name: Anikin, A.
name: Schaller, R. D.
name: Wiederrecht, G. P.
name: Margine, E. R.
name: Mazin, I. I.
name: Karapetrov, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate carrier and collective mode dynamics in 2H-NbSe$_2$ using time-resolved optical pump-probe spectroscopy and compare the results with first-principle calculations. Broadband ultrafast reflectivity studies of 2H-NbSe$_2$ in a wide temperature interval covering the normal, charge density wave (CDW) and superconducting phase were performed. Spectral features observed in the transient reflectivity experiment were associated with specific optical transitions obtained from band structure calculations. Displacive excitation of coherent phonons showed CDW-associated coherent oscillations of the soft phonon mode across the whole spectral range. Temperature evolution of this coherent phonon mode in the low-excitation linear regime shows softening of the mode down to the CDW transition temperature T$_{CDW}$ with subsequent hardening below T$_{CDW}$. The global fit of the broadband probe data reveals four different relaxation times associated with characteristic electron-electron, electron-phonon and phonon-phonon relaxation processes. From first principle calculations of electron-phonon coupling we associate the few picosecond electron-phonon relaxation time $τ_2$ with a specific group of phonons with frequencies around 20 meV. On the other hand, the anomalously long relaxation time of $τ_3$~100 ps is associated with anharmonicity-driven phonon-phonon scattering. All relaxation processes result from anomalies near the second order CDW phase transition that are reflected in the temperature dependencies of the characteristic relaxation times and amplitudes of optical densities. At highest fluences we observe electronic melting of the CDW and disappearance of the mode hardening below T$_{CDW}$.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Calcium phosphate cement composites in revision hip replacement
Creators: name: Speirs, Andrew David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Loosening and failure of hip implants can cause extensive bone loss, and revision of the implant can pose a challenge to the surgeon. Impaction allografting has gained popularity as a method to treat the bone loss. However, significant rates of complications have been seen, including massive subsidence of the implant and perioperative fractures. Subsidence may be due to graft layer consolidation or failure. It is hypothesized that the addition of an interstitial, resorbable cement may improve the clinical outcome of this procedure while reducing the impaction forces and simplifying the surgery. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate the handling characteristics and mechanical properties of a bone particle-cement composite material. Mixtures of bone particles with a commercially-available calcium phosphate cement were made with 25% to 100% cement by volume. Viscosity of the composite paste was tested in a capillary rheometer to quantify the handling characteristics, and compared to PMMA. Composite cylindrical specimens were moulded and set for 24 hours in a 37°C water bath. Specimens were tested in uniaxial compression, diametral tension and shear. The composites were also tested in confined compression along with 100% bone specimens. The viscosity of pure cement paste was similar to PMMA, but showed a large increase due to the addition of bone particles. The paste did not flow at bone fractions higher than 25%, so the surgical procedure for these compositions may require hand packing. Compressive and tensile ultimate strengths were 1.35-2.47MPa and 0.25-0.67MPa, respectively. Compressive modulus increased from 15MPa for 75% bone specimens to 270MPa for 100% cement specimens. There was an associated large decrease in ductility. The confined compression modulus was 6MPa for bone particles and 50MPa for 25%o cement. Above 25% cement, the modulus ranged from 163 to 316 MPa. The composite material showed improved strength and stiffness compared to bone particles alone. Further testing is required with more realistic loading models as well as assessment of the biological characteristics, however results indicate the composite material may be appropriate for use in treating extensive bone loss in revision hip arthroplasty.
THE MEXICAN SWEETENERS MARKET AND SUGAR EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES
Creators: name: Andino, Jose
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Andino, Jose
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Mexican Sugar
subject: HFCS
subject: NAFTA
subject: U.S. Sugar

description: This study analyzes the effect of a potential increase in sugar imports from Mexico on the U.S. sugar price, and its consequences for producers and consumers. Additional sugar imports would cause a substantial reduction of sugar prices in the United States and consequently an increase in consumption. Due to low commodity prices, acreage and total production of beet and cane sugar in the United States are expected to fall. Under these circumstances, social welfare in the United States may increase; however, welfare benefits may go to food processors rather than consumer households. By contrast, increases in sugar imports would substantially hurt sugar beet and cane producers.
Stoichiometry and defect superstructures in epitaxial FeSe films on SrTiO3
Creators: name: Yu, Xue-Qing
name: Ren, Ming-Qiang
name: Zhang, Yi-Min
name: Fan, Jia-Qi
name: Han, Sha
name: Song, Can-Li
name: Ma, Xu-Cun
name: Xue, Qi-Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy is employed to investigate the stoichiometry and defects of epitaxial FeSe thin films on SrTiO3(001) substrates under various post-growth annealing conditions. Low-temperature annealing with an excess supply of Se leads to formation of Fe vacancies and superstructures, accompanied by a superconductivity (metal)-to-insulator transition in FeSe films. By contrast, high-temperature annealing could eliminate the Fe vacancies and superstructures, and thus recover the high-temperature superconducting phase of monolayer FeSe films. We also observe multilayer FeSe during low-temperature annealing, which is revealed to link with Fe vacancy formation and adatom migration. Our results document very special roles of film stoichiometry and help unravel several controversies in the properties of monolayer FeSe films.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Distribution of Return Intervals of Extreme Events
Creators: name: Pennetta, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of return intervals of extreme events is studied in time series characterized by finite-term correlations with non-exponential decay. Precisely, it has been analyzed the statistics of the return intervals of extreme values of the resistance fluctuations displayed by resistors with granular structure in nonequilibrium stationary states. The resistance fluctuations are calculated by Monte Carlo simulations using a resistor network approach. It has been found that for highly disordered networks, when the auto-correlation function displays a non-exponential and non-power-law decay, the distribution of return intervals of the extreme values is a stretched exponential, with exponent independent of the threshold.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, Next-SigmaPhi Int. Conference, News Expectations and Trends in Statistical Physics, 13-18 August 2005, Kolymbari - Crete (Greece)
Magnetic quantum oscillations in nanowires
Creators: name: Alexandrov, A. S.
name: Kabanov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytical expressions for the magnetization and the longitudinal conductivity of nanowires are derived in a magnetic field, B. We show that the interplay between size and magnetic field energy-level quantizations manifests itself through novel magnetic quantum oscillations in metallic nanowires. There are three characteristic frequencies of de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) and Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations, F=F_0,F_1, and F_2 in contrast with a single frequency F'_0 in simple bulk metals. The amplitude of oscillations is strongly enhanced in some "magic" magnetic fields. The wire cross-section S can be measured along with the Fermi surface cross-section, S_F.
Heat kernel coefficients for chiral bag boundary conditions
Creators: name: Esposito, Giampiero
name: Gilkey, Peter
name: Kirsten, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58J50

description: We study the asymptotic expansion of the smeared L2-trace of fexp(-tP^2) where P is an operator of Dirac type, f is an auxiliary smooth smearing function which is used to localize the problem, and chiral bag boundary conditions are imposed. Special case calculations, functorial methods and the theory of zeta and eta invariants are used to obtain the boundary part of the heat-kernel coefficients a1 and a2.
description: Published in J. Phys. A38, 2259-2276 (2005). Record without file already exists on the SLAC record
Enhancing the prevention of obesity among adult women within a primary care setting
Creators: name: Tikum, Rachael
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Background: Obesity is a systemic disease that increases exposure to other chronic diseases. Phone applications have increasingly been used to improve physical activities, but there is little evidence of their success and consistent use. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the use of a smartphone exercise app as a technological intervention within the primary care setting to reduce rates of obesity among adult women.Method: Thirty-one women (16 in treatment and 15 in control) aged 18 - 64 years, attending a primary care center, who had never used a phone application for weight reduction, were enrolled. The treatment group used the Fitbit app for self-monitoring. The body mass index and the motivation for physical activity (MPAM-R) scores were computed at the beginning and end of the study. Paired and independent sample T-tests were used to assess the differences within and across groups, respectively.Results: The mean BMI in the treatment and control groups decreased, although the decrease within and between groups was not statistically significant. Also, the mean scores of the MPAM-R among the treatment and control groups increased significantly within each group. However, across the treatment and control groups, the mean differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: While there was a substantial increase in the motivation for physical activities and a reduction in the BMI with the use of the Fitbit app, a more extensive study may be required to assess the true effect.
Radiative Hydrodynamic Simulations of the Spectral Characteristics of Solar White-light Flares
Creators: name: Yang, Yu-Tong
name: Hong, Jie
name: Li, Ying
name: Ding, Ming-De
name: Li, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As one of the most violent activities in the solar atmosphere, white-light flares (WLFs) are generally known for their enhanced white-light (or continuum) emission, which primarily originates in the solar lower atmosphere. However, we know little about how white-light emission is produced. In this study, we aim to investigate the response of the continua at 3600Å and 4250Å and also the H$α$ and Ly$α$ lines during WLFs modeled with radiative hydrodynamics simulations. We take non-thermal electron beams as the energy source for the WLFs in two different initial atmospheres and vary their parameters. Our results show that the model with non-thermal electron beam heating can clearly show enhancements in the continua at 3600Å and 4250Å as well as in the H$α$ and Ly$α$ lines. A larger electron beam flux, a smaller spectral index, or a penumbral initial atmosphere leads to a stronger emission increase at 3600Å, 4250Å and in the H$α$ line. For the Ly$α$ line, however, it is more preferably enhanced in a quiet-Sun initial atmosphere with a larger spectral index of the electron beam. It is also notable that the continua at 3600Å and 4250Å and the H$α$ line exhibit a dimming at the beginning of the heating and reach their peak emissions later than the peak time of the heating function, while the Ly$α$ line does not show such behaviors. These results can be served as a reference for analyzing future WLF observations.
description: 21 pages, 10figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in RAA
TRENDS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HUNTER AND ANGLER SPENDING, NORTH DAKOTA, 1981 THROUGH 2001
Creators: name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: hunting
subject: fishing
subject: expenditures
subject: North Dakota

description: Macro-economic forces, technological innovations in equipment, abundant wildlife populations, changing participation levels, and land access are all contributing to a changing environment for wildlife managers and outdoor recreationists. Since the late 1970s, numerous studies have periodically examined hunter and angler spending in North Dakota; however, comprehensive assessments of changes in spending over time have not been conducted. The purpose of this report was to evaluate changes in hunter and angler spending from 1981 through 2001 and evaluate spending patterns based on selected participant characteristics. For resident hunters, increasing trends in miles traveled, spending on lodging, and spending on durable goods were observed, while overall spending on nondurable goods remained relatively unchanged. Average spending by nonresident hunters generally increased for nondurable goods, but no conclusive trends in durable good purchases were found. Average spending on durable and nondurable goods increased for resident anglers, while average spending was mostly constant over the period for nonresident anglers. The shifts in spending were generally widespread among a majority of survey activities, yet the magnitude of spending changes was subtle. When spending levels were evaluated based on selected participant characteristics, statistically significant differences were found. The strongest relationships in spending levels were found with miles traveled, days participated, and whether the participant paid access and/or guide fees. Weaker relationships were found in differences in spending levels associated with location of residence (i.e., rural versus urban participants) and percentage of spending in rural areas. Only minor differences in spending levels were found with variations in age and income. Policy makers may wish to consider a data collection system in the future that provides more predictive assessments of sportsman spending and includes additional geographical information on spending, rather than the current system which produces mostly descriptive assessments and provides virtually no geographical distribution of spending within the state.
Quantum phase interference in a fullerene-based molecular qutrit
Creators: name: Wang, Ye-Xin
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Fang, Yu-Hui
name: Zhou, Shen
name: Jiang, Shang-Da
name: Gao, Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High spin magnetic molecules are promising candidates for quantum information processing because they intrinsically have multiple sublevels for information storage and computational operations. However, due to their susceptibility to the environment and limitation from the selection rule, the arbitrary control of the quantum state of a multilevel system on a molecular and electron spin basis has not been realized. Here we exploit the photoexcited triplet of C70 as a molecular electron spin qutrit. After the system was initialized by photoexcitation, we prepared it into representative three-level superposition states characteristic of the qutrit, measured their density matrices, and showed the interference of the quantum phases in the superposition. The interference pattern is further interpreted as a map of evolution through time under different conditions.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. npj Quantum Information, 2021
Hopf Solitons on the Lattice
Creators: name: Ward, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hopf solitons in the Skyrme-Faddeev model -- S^2-valued fields on R^3 with Skyrme dynamics -- are string-like topological solitons. In this Letter, we investigate the analogous lattice objects, for S^2-valued fields on the cubic lattice Z^3 with a nearest-neighbour interaction. For suitable choices of the interaction, topological solitons exist on the lattice. Their appearance is remarkably similar to that of their continuum counterparts, and they exhibit the same power-law relation E \approx c H^{3/4} between the energy E and the Hopf number H.
description: 8 pages, 2 eps figures
STEAM: Self-Supervised Taxonomy Expansion with Mini-Paths
Creators: name: Yu, Yue
name: Li, Yinghao
name: Shen, Jiaming
name: Feng, Hao
name: Sun, Jimeng
name: Zhang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Taxonomies are important knowledge ontologies that underpin numerous applications on a daily basis, but many taxonomies used in practice suffer from the low coverage issue. We study the taxonomy expansion problem, which aims to expand existing taxonomies with new concept terms. We propose a self-supervised taxonomy expansion model named STEAM, which leverages natural supervision in the existing taxonomy for expansion. To generate natural self-supervision signals, STEAM samples mini-paths from the existing taxonomy, and formulates a node attachment prediction task between anchor mini-paths and query terms. To solve the node attachment task, it learns feature representations for query-anchor pairs from multiple views and performs multi-view co-training for prediction. Extensive experiments show that STEAM outperforms state-of-the-art methods for taxonomy expansion by 11.6\% in accuracy and 7.0\% in mean reciprocal rank on three public benchmarks. The implementation of STEAM can be found at \url{https://github.com/yueyu1030/STEAM}.
description: KDD 2020 Research Track Full Paper
POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON U.S. CATTLE AND BEEF PRICES FROM REOPENING THE BORDERS
Creators: name: Mattson, Jeremy W.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Mattson, Jeremy W.
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: bovine spongiform encephalopathy
subject: beef exports
subject: cattle imports
subject: prices

description: U.S. trade of beef and live cattle has declined substantially since the discoveries of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Canada and the United States in 2003. Imports of live cattle from Canada resumed in July 2005, but U.S. beef exports remained substantially below pre-BSE levels as important export markets in Japan and Korea were not regained. The removal of the ban on Canadian imports and the eventual lifting of bans to export markets could affect U.S. cattle and beef prices. In this study, an econometric model is developed and estimated to determine the effects of lifting trade restrictions on cattle and beef prices. Results show that if net cattle imports from Canada increase to 1.5 million animals per year, with beef imports held constant, the slaughter steer, feeder steer, and retail beef prices would decrease $4.65/cwt, $5.31/cwt, and 6.55 cents/lb, respectively. However, the drop in prices from increased imports would be more than negated if beef exports returned to near previous levels. If beef exports increased to 100 percent of the 2003 level, slaughter steer, feeder steer, and retail beef prices could increase by $7.83/cwt, $8.95/cwt, and 16.0 cents/lb, respectively.
TEPLOVOZLARNING TORTISH VA ULASH SIFATI SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH G'ILDIRAK VA TEMIR YO'L O'RTASIDAGI ALOQAGA QUMNI TO'G'RIDAN-TO'G'RI ETKAZIB BERISH.
Creators: name: Egamberdiyev, X.T.
name: Xusanov, R.O'.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Hozirgi vaqtda lokomotiv parkini tortish va ekspluatatsiya xususiyatlarini yangilash bilan bir qatorda, ilg‘or texnologiyalar bilan bosqichma-bosqich lokomotiv parkini yaxshilash bo‘yicha ham ko‘plab ishlar amalga oshirilmoqda. Asosiy talablardan biri lokomotivlarda “g‘ildirak-rels” bilan yuqori ishqalanish kuchini amalga oshirish talab qilinadi, chunki u uning ahamiyati kompozitsiyaning og‘irligini aniqlaydi, ma'lum bir lokomotivni tashishga qodir va xavfsiz ishlashini ta'minlaydi.
Comparison of Enhanced Absorption in He I 10830 Å in Observations and Modeling During the Early Phase of a Solar Flare
Creators: name: Huang, Nengyi
name: Sadykov, Viacheslav M.
name: Xu, Yan
name: Jing, Ju
name: Wang, Haimin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The He I 10830 Å triplet is a very informative indicator of chromospheric activities as the helium is the second most abundant element in the solar atmosphere. Taking advantage of the high resolution of the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope (GST) at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), previous observations have shown clear evidence of the enhanced absorption, instead of typically-observed emission, for two M-class flares. In this study, we analyze the evolution of the He I 10830 10830 Å emission in numerical models and compare it with observations. The models represent the RADYN simulation results obtained from the F-CHROMA database. We consider the models with the injected electron spectra parameters close to observational estimates for the 2013-August-17 flare event ($δ=8$, $E_c = \{15,20\}$ keV, $F=\{1\times 10^{11}, 3\times{}10^{11}\}$ erg cm$^{-2}$) in detail, as well as other available models. The modeling results agree well with observations, in the sense of both the maximum intensity decrease (-17.1%, compared to the observed value of -13.7%) and the trend of temporal variation (initial absorption phase followed by the emission). All models demonstrate the increased number densities and decreased ratio of the upper and lower level populations of He I 10830 10830 Å transition in the initial phase, which enhances the opacity and forms an absorption feature. Models suggest that the temperatures and free electron densities at heights of 1.3-1.5 Mm should be larger than $\sim 10^4$ K and $6\times 10^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$ thresholds for the line to start being in emission.
SUSY transformation of the Green function and a trace formula
Creators: name: Samsonov, B F
name: Sukumar, C V
name: Pupasov, A M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An integral relation is established between the Green functions corresponding to two Hamiltonians which are supersymmetric (SUSY) partners and in general may possess both discrete and continuous spectra. It is shown that when the continuous spectrum is present the trace of the difference of the Green functions for SUSY partners is a finite quantity which may or may not be equal to zero despite the divergence of the traces of each Green function. Our findings are illustrated by using the free particle example considered both on the whole real line and on a half line.
Wireless Performance Evaluation of Building Layouts: Closed-Form Computation of Figures of Merit
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiliang
name: Glazunov, Andrés Alayón
name: Zhang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a part of our ground-breaking work on evaluation of buildings in terms of wireless friendliness in the building-design stage. The main goal is to devise construction practices that provide for a good performance of wireless networks deployed in buildings. In this paper, the interference gain (IG) and power gain (PG) are defined as two figures of merit (FoM) of the wireless performance of buildings. The FoMs bridge the gap between building design and wireless communications industries. An approach to derive exact closed-form equations for these FoMs is proposed for the first time. The derived analytic expressions facilitate straightforward and more computationally efficient numerical evaluation of the proposed FoMs as compared to Monte Carlo simulations for well-known indoor propagation models. It is shown that the derived closed-form expression can be readily employed to evaluate the impact of building properties, such as the sizes and the aspect ratios (ARs) of rooms, on the wireless performance. The proposed approach sheds light to architects on evaluation and design of wireless-friendly building layouts.
Challenges for Kinetic Unified Dark Matter
Creators: name: Giannakis, Dimitrios
name: Hu, Wayne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given that the dark matter and dark energy in the universe affect cosmological observables only gravitationally, their phenomenology may be described by a single stress energy tensor. True unification however requires a theory that reproduces the successful phenomenology of LCDM and that requirement places specific constraints on the stress structure of the matter. We show that a recently proposed unification through an offset quadratic kinetic term for a scalar field is exactly equivalent to a fluid with a closed-form barotropic equation of state plus cosmological constant. The finite pressure at high densities introduces a cutoff in the linear power spectrum, which may alleviate the dark matter substructure problem; we provide a convenient fitting function for such studies. Given that sufficient power must remain to reionize the universe, the equation of state today is nonrelativistic with p proportional to rho^2 and a Jeans scale in the parsec regime for all relevant densities. Structure may then be evolved into the nonlinear regime with standard hydrodynamic techniques. In fact, the model is equivalent to the well-studied collisional dark matter with negligible mean free path. If recent observations of the triaxiality of dark matter halos and ram pressure stripping in galaxy clusters are confirmed, this model will be ruled out.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, quantification of reionization constraints and enhanced discussion of unified dark matter context added
Spin-1 Amplitudes in Black-Hole Evaporation
Creators: name: Farley, A. N. St. J.
name: D'Eath, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our earlier work on the quantum amplitude for a scalar field in black-hole evaporation, following gravitational collapse, is here extended to Maxwell theory. Boundary data are specified on initial and final space-like hypersurfaces $Σ_{I,F}$, separated by a large Lorentzian proper-time interval $T$, as measured at spatial infinity. The initial boundary data may be chosen (say) to be spherically symmetric, corresponding to a nearly-spherical configuration prior to gravitational collapse. The final data include the intrinsic 3-metric and scalar field, restricted to $Σ_F$, in addition to spin-1 data, naturally taken to be the magnetic field $B_i$ on $Σ_{I,F} (i=1,2,3)$. For a locally-supersymmetric theory, the quantum amplitude should be proportional to $\exp(iS_{\rm class})$, apart from corrections which are very small when the frequencies in the boundary data are small compared to the Planck scale. Here, $S_{\rm class}$ is the action of the classical solution. The Lorentzian amplitude is found by taking the limit $θ\to 0_+$. By a method similar to that used in the spin-0 case, one obtains the quantum amplitude for photon data on $Σ_F$. The magnetic boundary conditions are related by supersymmetry to the natural spin-2 (gravitational-wave) boundary conditions, which involve fixing the magnetic part of the Weyl tensor.