cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Weak Alfvénic turbulence in relativistic plasmas II: Current sheets and dissipation
Creators: name: Ripperda, B.
name: Mahlmann, J. F.
name: Chernoglazov, A.
name: TenBarge, J. M.
name: Most, E. R.
name: Juno, J.
name: Yuan, Y.
name: Philippov, A. A.
name: Bhattacharjee, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alfvén waves as excited in black hole accretion disks and neutron star magnetospheres are the building blocks of turbulence in relativistic, magnetized plasmas. A large reservoir of magnetic energy is available in these systems, such that the plasma can be heated significantly even in the weak turbulence regime. We perform high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of counter-propagating Alfvén waves, showing that an $E_{B_{\perp}}(k_{\perp}) \propto k_{\perp}^{-2}$ energy spectrum develops as a result of the weak turbulence cascade in relativistic magnetohydrodynamics and its infinitely magnetized (force-free) limit. The plasma turbulence ubiquitously generates current sheets, which act as locations where magnetic energy dissipates. We show that current sheets form as a natural result of nonlinear interactions between counter-propagating Alfvén waves. These current sheets form due to the compression of elongated eddies, driven by the shear induced by growing higher order modes, and undergo a thinning process until they break-up into small-scale turbulent structures. We explore the formation of {current sheets} both in overlapping waves and in localized wave packet collisions. The relativistic interaction of localized Alfvén waves induces both Alfvén waves and fast waves and efficiently mediates the conversion and dissipation of electromagnetic energy in astrophysical systems. Plasma energization through reconnection in current sheets emerging during the interaction of Alfvén waves can potentially explain X-ray emission in black hole accretion coronae and neutron star magnetospheres.
description: Accepted in JPP, accompanied by Paper I: Weak Alfv\'enic turbulence in relativistic plasmas I: dynamical equations and basic dynamics of interacting resonant triads
title: Frisian National Party Membership Survey
Creators: name: Van Der Zwet, Arno
Publisher: name: University of Strathclyde
Year: 2014
Subjects: Frisian National Party
Frisian Politics
Autonomist parties
Membership Survey

description: Membership Survey Frisian National Party
N=579
Date = 2009
Format = SPSS
Data was created as part of a project comparing Scottish National Party and Frisian National Party memberships attitudes. The questions draw from Mitchel et al. 2012 The Scottish National Party, transition to power, oxford.
The file contains:
- survey results in an SPSS database
- ancillary material (accompanying letter, questionnaire and high level analysis) in MS word format
Trailing Edge Unification via an Intermediate Pati-Salam Group
Creators: name: Elias, V.
name: Steele, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate to two-loop order that an intermediate symmetrically embedded Pati-Salam $SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R \times SU(4)$ level of symmetry is all that is necessary to accommodate empirical values of $α(M_z), α_s(M_z)$ and $\sin^2θ_w(M_z)$ within a grand unification context but with a high (10^{14} GeV) intermediate mass scale and with a concomitant higher GUT scale.
description: 7 pages, 4 embedded eps figure
J.S. Bell's Concept of Local Causality
Creators: name: Norsen, Travis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: John Stewart Bell's famous 1964 theorem is widely regarded as one of the most important developments in the foundations of physics. It has even been described as "the most profound discovery of science." Yet even as we approach the 50th anniversary of Bell's discovery, its meaning and implications remain controversial. Many textbooks and commentators report that Bell's theorem refutes the possibility (suggested especially by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen in 1935) of supplementing ordinary quantum theory with additional ("hidden") variables that might restore determinism and/or some notion of an observer-independent reality. On this view, Bell's theorem supports the orthodox Copenhagen interpretation. Bell's own view of his theorem, however, was quite different. He instead took the theorem as establishing an "essential conflict" between the now well-tested empirical predictions of quantum theory and relativistic \emph{local causality}. The goal of the present paper is, in general, to make Bell's own views more widely known and, in particular, to explain in detail Bell's little-known mathematical formulation of the concept of relativistic local causality on which his theorem rests. We thus collect and organize many of Bell's crucial statements on these topics, which are scattered throughout his writings, into a self-contained, pedagogical discussion including elaborations of the concepts "beable", "completeness", and "causality" which figure in the formulation. We also show how local causality (as formulated by Bell) can be used to derive an empirically testable Bell-type inequality, and how it can be used to recapitulate the EPR argument.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Flavor-Changing Top Quark Rare Decays in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-Parity
Creators: name: Hong-Sheng, Hou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the rare and flavor changing decay of the top quark into a charm quark and a gauge boson in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT). We calculate the one-loop level contributions from the T-parity odd mirror quarks and gauge bosons. We find that the decay $t\to c V, (V=g,γ,Z)$ in the LHT model can be significantly enhanced relative to those in the Standard Model. Our numerical results show that the top quark FCNC decay can be as large as $Br(t\to cg)\sim 10^{-2}$, $Br(t\to cZ)\sim 10^{-5}$ and $Br(t\to cγ)\sim 10^{-7}$ in the favorite parameter space in the LHT model.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Fitness Function in Genetic Algorithm based Information Filtering - A Survey
Creators: name: Renjith, Shini
name: C., Anjali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80704 Information Retrieval and Web Search
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80607 Information Engineering and Theory
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Information filtering systems have a vital role in exploiting the flurry of information that keeps on growing exponentially. This study focuses on improving the performance of genetic algorithms based information filtering. In GA, the fitness function is the performance measure for relevance judgement. MoreBeing the backbone of the evaluation process the selection of fitness function is vital in the design of a GA. The secondary data gathered from past studies lead to the conclusion that Cosine Coefficient is the better similarity measure among other alternatives like Euclidean Distance, Dice Coefficient, Jaccard Coefficient and Inner Product.
A note on sensitivity of principal component subspaces and the efficient detection of influential observations in high dimensions
Creators: name: Prendergast, Luke A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F35 (Primary) 62H12 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we introduce an influence measure based on second order expansion of the RV and GCD measures for the comparison between unperturbed and perturbed eigenvectors of a symmetric matrix estimator. Example estimators are considered to highlight how this measure compliments recent influence analysis. Importantly, we also show how a sample based version of this measure can be used to accurately and efficiently detect influential observations in practice.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-EJS201 the Electronic Journal of Statistics (http://www.i-journals.org/ejs/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Fine-Grained Fashion Similarity Prediction by Attribute-Specific Embedding Learning
Creators: name: Dong, Jianfeng
name: Ma, Zhe
name: Mao, Xiaofeng
name: Yang, Xun
name: He, Yuan
name: Hong, Richang
name: Ji, Shouling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper strives to predict fine-grained fashion similarity. In this similarity paradigm, one should pay more attention to the similarity in terms of a specific design/attribute between fashion items. For example, whether the collar designs of the two clothes are similar. It has potential value in many fashion related applications, such as fashion copyright protection. To this end, we propose an Attribute-Specific Embedding Network (ASEN) to jointly learn multiple attribute-specific embeddings, thus measure the fine-grained similarity in the corresponding space. The proposed ASEN is comprised of a global branch and a local branch. The global branch takes the whole image as input to extract features from a global perspective, while the local branch takes as input the zoomed-in region-of-interest (RoI) w.r.t. the specified attribute thus able to extract more fine-grained features. As the global branch and the local branch extract the features from different perspectives, they are complementary to each other. Additionally, in each branch, two attention modules, i.e., Attribute-aware Spatial Attention and Attribute-aware Channel Attention, are integrated to make ASEN be able to locate the related regions and capture the essential patterns under the guidance of the specified attribute, thus make the learned attribute-specific embeddings better reflect the fine-grained similarity. Extensive experiments on three fashion-related datasets, i.e., FashionAI, DARN, and DeepFashion, show the effectiveness of ASEN for fine-grained fashion similarity prediction and its potential for fashion reranking. Code and data are available at https://github.com/maryeon/asenpp .
description: Conference paper: arXiv:2002.02814
Fitness Function in Genetic Algorithm based Information Filtering - A Survey
Creators: name: Renjith, Shini
name: C., Anjali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 80704 Information Retrieval and Web Search
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80607 Information Engineering and Theory
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Information filtering systems have a vital role in exploiting the flurry of information that keeps on growing exponentially. This study focuses on improving the performance of genetic algorithms based information filtering. In GA, the fitness function is the performance measure for relevance judgement. MoreBeing the backbone of the evaluation process the selection of fitness function is vital in the design of a GA. The secondary data gathered from past studies lead to the conclusion that Cosine Coefficient is the better similarity measure among other alternatives like Euclidean Distance, Dice Coefficient, Jaccard Coefficient and Inner Product.
Rapid detection of fast innovation under the pressure of COVID-19
Creators: name: Melluso, Nicola
name: Bonaccorsi, Andrea
name: Chiarello, Filippo
name: Fantoni, Gualtiero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Covid-19 has rapidly redefined the agenda of technological research and development both for academics and practitioners. If the medical scientific publication system has promptly reacted to this new situation, other domains, particularly in new technologies, struggle to map what is happening in their contexts. The pandemic has created the need for a rapid detection of technological convergence phenomena, but at the same time it has made clear that this task is impossible on the basis of traditional patent and publication indicators. This paper presents a novel methodology to perform a rapid detection of the fast technological convergence phenomenon that is occurring under the pressure of the Covid-19 pandemic. The fast detection has been performed thanks to the use of a novel source: the online blogging platform Medium. We demonstrate that the hybrid structure of this social journalism platform allows a rapid detection of innovation phenomena, unlike other traditional sources. The technological convergence phenomenon has been modelled through a network-based approach, analysing the differences of networks computed during two time periods (pre and post COVID-19). The results led us to discuss the repurposing of technologies regarding "Remote Control", "Remote Working", "Health" and "Remote Learning".
description: Published in PlOs One in 12/31/2020
Contribución de la semántica combinatoria al desarrollo de herramientas digitales multilingües
Creators: name: Vázquez, María José Domínguez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes how the field of Combinatorial Semantics has contributed to the design of three prototypes for the automatic generation of argument patterns in nominal phrases in Spanish, French and German (Xera, Combinatoria and CombiContext). It also shows the importance of knowing about the argument syntactic-semantic interface in a production situation in the context of foreign languages. After a descriptive section on the design, typologie and information levels of the resources, there follows an explanation of the central role of the combinatorial meaning (roles and ontological features). The study deals with different semantic f ilters applied in the selection, organization and expansion of the lexicon, being these key pieces for the generation of grammatically correct and semantically acceptable mono- and biargumental nominal phrases.
description: 18 pages, in Spanish language. C\'irculo de ling\"u\'istica aplicada a la comunicaci\'on, 2022
Combined update scheme in the Sznajd model
Creators: name: Yu-Song, Tu
name: Sousa, A. O.
name: Ling-Jiang, Kong
name: Mu-Ren, Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Sznajd opinion formation model, where a pair of neighboring individuals sharing the same opinion on a square lattice convince its six neighbors to adopt their opinions, when a fraction of the individuals is updated according to the usual random sequential updating rule (asynchronous updating), and the other fraction, the simultaneous updating (synchronous updating). This combined updating scheme provides that the bigger the synchronous frequency becomes, the more difficult the system reaches a consensus. Moreover, in the thermodynamic limit, the system needs only a small fraction of individuals following a different kind of updating rules to present a non-consensus state as a final state.
description: 9 pages including figures. To appear in Physica A
A Unified Framework for Constructing Nonconvex Regularizations
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhiyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the past decades, many individual nonconvex methods have been proposed to achieve better sparse recovery performance in various scenarios. However, how to construct a valid nonconvex regularization function remains open in practice. In this paper, we fill in this gap by presenting a unified framework for constructing the nonconvex regularization based on the probability density function. Meanwhile, a new nonconvex sparse recovery method constructed via the Weibull distribution is studied.
Zur Darstellung eines mehrstufigen Prototypbegriffs in der multilingualen automatischen Sprachgenerierung: vom Korpus über word embeddings bis hin zum automatischen Wörterbuch
Creators: name: Vázquez, María José Domínguez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The multilingual dictionary of noun valency Portlex is considered to be the trigger for the creation of the automatic language generators Xera and Combinatoria, whose development and use is presented in this paper. Both prototypes are used for the automatic generation of nominal phrases with their mono- and bi-argumental valence slots, which could be used, among others, as dictionary examples or as integrated components of future autonomous E-Learning-Tools. As samples for new types of automatic valency dictionaries including user interaction, we consider the language generators as we know them today. In the specific methodological procedure for the development of the language generators, the syntactic-semantic description of the noun slots turns out to be the main focus from a syntagmatic and paradigmatic point of view. Along with factors such as representativeness, grammatical correctness, semantic coherence, frequency and the variety of lexical candidates, as well as semantic classes and argument structures, which are fixed components of both resources, a concept of a multi-sided prototype stands out. The combined application of this prototype concept as well as of word embeddings together with techniques from the field of automatic natural language processing and generation (NLP and NLG) opens up a new way for the future development of automatically generated plurilingual valency dictionaries. All things considered, the paper depicts the language generators both from the point of view of their development as well as from that of the users. The focus lies on the role of the prototype concept within the development of the resources.
description: 31 pages, in German language
Lophyra
Creators: name: Cassola, Fabio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Lophyra

description: Key to the similar species 1 Genae haired...............................................................................................2 – Genae glabrous...........................................................................................3 2 Fourth male antennomere devoid of penicillum (Tanzania)........................................................................................................... cassoliana Werner, 1997 – Fourth male anntenomere with a penicillum (Somalia, Ethiopia)................................................................................................. latelimbata Müller, 1941 3 Body size larger than 10 mm (Iran, Arabian Gulf area, Oman)............................................................................................... histrio Tschitschérine, 1903 – Body size smaller than 10 mm (Somaliland).... praetermissa Cassola, sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Cassola, Fabio, 2008, Studies of Tiger Beetles. CLXXVIII. A new Lophyra (Lophyra) from Somaliland (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae), pp. 65-69 in ZooKeys 4 (4) on page 68, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.4.57, http://zenodo.org/record/576425
description: {"references": ["Werner K (1997) Lophyra (s. str.) cassoliana sp. n. from Tanzania (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Entomologia Africana 2: 17 - 19.", "Muller G (1941) Nuovi Coleotteri dell'Africa Orientale. Atti del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Trieste, 14 (23): 319 - 352."]}
กลยุทธ์การใช้สื่อสังคม (social media) เพื่อรณรงค์ทางการเมืองในยุคสังคมเครือข่าย
Creators: name: สุธิดา พัฒนศรีวิเชียร
Publisher: name: วารสารมหาวิทยาลัยพายัพ
Year: 2019
Subjects: สื่อสังคม
การรณรงค์ทางการเมือง
การหาเสียงเลือกตั้ง
สื่อการเมือง

description: วารสารมหาวิทยาลัยพายัพ, 29, 1, 27
พระราชบัญญัติภาษีที่ดินและสิ่งปลูกสร้าง พ.ศ. 2562 แนวคิดที่เปลี่ยนแปลงและผลกระทบต่อผู้ถือครองที่ดินและสิ่งปลูกสร้าง
Creators: name: สุรชัย เดชพงษ์
Publisher: name: วารสารมหาวิทยาลัยพายัพ
Year: 2019
Subjects: ฐานภาษี
อัตราภาษี
ภาษีทรัพย์สิน

description: วารสารมหาวิทยาลัยพายัพ, 29, 1, 42
A Personalized Travel Recommender Model Based on Content-based Prediction and Collaborative Recommendation
Creators: name: Renjith, Shini
name: C., Anjali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80704 Information Retrieval and Web Search
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80607 Information Engineering and Theory
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mobile Recommender is the essential companion for a modern traveller. The collaborative travel recommender describes the architecture of a personalized mobile travel predictor by performing content-based filtering and inductive learning techniques depending on travel foot prints. Further the intelligent recommender is powered by collaborative techniques to resolve the multiarmed contextual bandit problem of the exploration/ exploitation dilemma traveller may face in his endeavour.
Torsion and abelianization in equivariant cohomology
Creators: name: Holm, Tara
name: Sjamaar, Reyer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N91

description: Let $X$ be a topological space upon which a compact connected Lie group $G$ acts. It is well-known that the equivariant cohomology $H_G^*(X;\Q)$ is isomorphic to the subalgebra of Weyl group invariants of the equivariant cohomology $H_T^*(X;\Q)$, where $T$ is a maximal torus of $G$. This relationship breaks down for coefficient rings $\k$ other than $\Q$. Instead, we prove that under a mild condition on $\k$ the algebra $H_G^*(X,\k)$ is isomorphic to the subalgebra of $H_T^*(X,\k)$ annihilated by the divided difference operators.
description: 30 pages. References added and typos corrected
Recursos lexicográficos electrónicos multilingües y plurilingües: definición y clasificación tipológico-descriptiva
Creators: name: Vázquez, María José Domínguez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to provide a classification of multilingual and plurilingual electronic lexicographic resources which would enable, one the one hand, the implementation of quantitative and qualitative criteria to produce a typological taxonomy of lexicographical tools, such as dictionaries, as opposed to platforms and websites and, on the other, the distinction of multilingual and plurilingual resources in terms of their larger or lesser prototyping degree. In addition to offering a thorough description of the different resources, this paper also puts forward some parameters and typological proposals to define and demarcate a number of electronic resources, particularly multilingual dictionaries and portals, while also outlining, and even questioning, the object of study of multilingual and plurilingual lexicography.
description: 25 pages, in Spanish language
Identification of observables in quantum toboggans
Creators: name: Znojil, Miloslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum systems with real energies generated by an apparently non-Hermitian Hamiltonian may re-acquire the consistent probabilistic interpretation via an ad hoc metric which specifies the set of observables in the updated Hilbert space of states. The recipe is extended here to quantum toboggans. In the first step the tobogganic integration path is rectified and the Schroedinger equation is given the generalized eigenvalue-problem form. In the second step the general double-series representation of the eligible metric operators is derived.
description: 25 pp
A method of estimating time scales of atmospheric piston and its application at DomeC (Antarctica)
Creators: name: Kellerer, A.
name: Sarazin, M.
name: Butterley, T.
name: Wilson, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Temporal fluctuations of the atmospheric piston are critical for interferometers as they determine their sensitivity. We characterize an instrumental set-up, termed the piston scope, that aims at measuring the atmospheric time constant, tau0, through the image motion in the focal plane of a Fizeau interferometer. High-resolution piston scope measurements have been obtained at the observatory of Paranal, Chile, in April 2006. The derived atmospheric parameters are shown to be consistent with data from the astronomical site monitor, provided that the atmospheric turbulence is displaced along a single direction. Piston scope measurements, of lower temporal and spatial resolution, were for the first time recorded in February 2005 at the Antarctic site of DomeC. Their re-analysis in terms of the new data calibration sharpens the conclusions of a first qualitative examination.
description: Accepted for publication in Applied Optics, 16 pages
A Personalized Travel Recommender Model Based on Content-based Prediction and Collaborative Recommendation
Creators: name: Renjith, Shini
name: C., Anjali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 80704 Information Retrieval and Web Search
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80607 Information Engineering and Theory
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mobile Recommender is the essential companion for a modern traveller. The collaborative travel recommender describes the architecture of a personalized mobile travel predictor by performing content-based filtering and inductive learning techniques depending on travel foot prints. Further the intelligent recommender is powered by collaborative techniques to resolve the multiarmed contextual bandit problem of the exploration/ exploitation dilemma traveller may face in his endeavour.
Self-dual Artin representations of dimension three (with an appendix by David E. Rohrlich)
Creators: name: Karnataki, Aditya
name: Rohrlich, David E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give an unconditional proof that self-dual Artin representations of $\mathbb{Q}$ of dimension $3$ have density $0$ among all Artin representations of $\mathbb{Q}$ of dimension $3$. Previously this was known under the assumption of Malle's Conjecture.
description: Appendix by David E. Rohrlich
METIS: The Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph
Creators: name: Brandl, Bernhard
name: Bettonvil, Felix
name: van Boekel, Roy
name: Glauser, Adrian
name: Quanz, Sascha
name: Absil, Olivier
name: Amorim, António
name: Feldt, Markus
name: Glasse, Alistair
name: Güdel, Manuel
name: Ho, Paul
name: Labadie, Lucas
name: Meyer, Michael
name: Pantin, Eric
name: van Winckel, Hans
name: Consortium, the METIS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) will provide the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) with a unique window to the thermal- and mid-infrared (3 - 13 microns). Its single-conjugate adaptive optics (SCAO) system will enable high contrast imaging and integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy (R~100,000) at the diffraction limit of the ELT. This article describes the science drivers, conceptual design, observing modes, and expected performance of METIS.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, published in the ESO Messenger
Some exact results for the velocity of cracks propagating in non-linear elastic models
Creators: name: Guozden, T. M.
name: Jagla, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a piece-wise linear elastic model for the propagation of a crack in a stripe geometry under mode III conditions, in the absence of dissipation. The model is continuous in the propagation direction and discrete in the perpendicular direction. The velocity of the crack is a function of the value of the applied strain. We find analytically the value of the propagation velocity close to the Griffith threshold, and close to the strain of uniform breakdown. Contrary to the case of perfectly harmonic behavior up to the fracture point, in the piece-wise linear elastic model the crack velocity is lower than the sound velocity, reaching this limiting value at the strain of uniform breakdown. We complement the analytical results with numerical simulations and find excellent agreement.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures
Deep Bandits Show-Off: Simple and Efficient Exploration with Deep Networks
Creators: name: Zhu, Rong
name: Rigotti, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Designing efficient exploration is central to Reinforcement Learning due to the fundamental problem posed by the exploration-exploitation dilemma. Bayesian exploration strategies like Thompson Sampling resolve this trade-off in a principled way by modeling and updating the distribution of the parameters of the action-value function, the outcome model of the environment. However, this technique becomes infeasible for complex environments due to the computational intractability of maintaining probability distributions over parameters of outcome models of corresponding complexity. Moreover, the approximation techniques introduced to mitigate this issue typically result in poor exploration-exploitation trade-offs, as observed in the case of deep neural network models with approximate posterior methods that have been shown to underperform in the deep bandit scenario. In this paper we introduce Sample Average Uncertainty (SAU), a simple and efficient uncertainty measure for contextual bandits. While Bayesian approaches like Thompson Sampling estimate outcomes uncertainty indirectly by first quantifying the variability over the parameters of the outcome model, SAU is a frequentist approach that directly estimates the uncertainty of the outcomes based on the value predictions. Importantly, we show theoretically that the uncertainty measure estimated by SAU asymptotically matches the uncertainty provided by Thompson Sampling, as well as its regret bounds. Because of its simplicity SAU can be seamlessly applied to deep contextual bandits as a very scalable drop-in replacement for epsilon-greedy exploration. We confirm empirically our theory by showing that SAU-based exploration outperforms current state-of-the-art deep Bayesian bandit methods on several real-world datasets at modest computation cost. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/ibm/sau-explore}.
What is in a pebble shape?
Creators: name: Durian, D. J.
name: Bideaud, H.
name: Duringer, P.
name: Schroder, A.
name: Thalmann, F.
name: Marques, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to characterize the shapes of flat pebbles in terms of the statistical distribution of curvatures measured along the pebble contour. This is demonstrated for the erosion of clay pebbles in a controlled laboratory apparatus. Photographs at various stages of erosion are analyzed, and compared with two models. We find that the curvature distribution complements the usual measurement of aspect ratio, and connects naturally to erosion processes that are typically faster at protruding regions of high curvature.
description: Phys. Rev. Lett. (to appear)
Geometric flow equations for the number of space-time dimensions
Creators: name: De Biasio, Davide
name: Freigang, Julian
name: Lust, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we consider new geometric flow equations, called D-flow, which describe the variation of space-time geometries under the change of the number of dimensions. The D-flow is originating from the non-trivial dependence of the volume of space-time manifolds on the number of space-time dimensions and it is driven by certain curvature invariants. We will work out specific examples of D-flow equations and their solutions for the case of D-dimensional spheres and Freund-Rubin Compactification. The discussion of the paper is motivated from recent swampland considerations, where the number $D$ of space-time dimensions is treated as a new swampland parameter.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures
Role of two-dimensional Ising superconductivity in the non-equilibrium quasiparticle spin-to-charge conversion efficiency
Creators: name: Jeon, Kun-Rok
name: Cho, Kyungjune
name: Chakraborty, Anirban
name: Jeon, Jae-Chun
name: Yoon, Jiho
name: Han, Hyeon
name: Kim, Jae-Keun
name: Parkin, Stuart S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-equilibrium studies of two-dimensional (2D) superconductors (SCs) with Ising spin-orbit coupling are prerequisite for their successful application to equilibrium spin-triplet Cooper pairs and, potentially, Majorana fermions. By taking advantage of the recent discoveries of 2D SCs and their compatibility with any other materials, we fabricate here non-local magnon devices to examine how such 2D Ising superconductivity affects the conversion efficiency of magnon spin to quasiparticle charge in superconducting flakes of 2H-NbSe2 transferred onto ferrimagnetic insulating Y3Fe5O12. Comparison with a reference device based on a conventionally paired superconductor shows that the Y3Fe5O12-induced in-plane (IP) exchange spin-splitting in the NbSe2 flake is hindered by its inherent out-of-plane (OOP) spin-orbit-field, which, in turn, limits the transition-state enhancement of the spin-to-charge conversion efficiency. Our out-of-equilibrium study highlights the significance of symmetry matching between underlying Cooper pairs and exchange-induced spin-splitting for the giant transition-state spin-to-charge conversion and may have implications towards proximity-engineered spin-polarized triplet pairing via tuning the relative strength of IP exchange and OOP spin-orbit fields in ferromagnetic insulator/2D Ising SC bilayers.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Information
Linear Frequency Principle Model to Understand the Absence of Overfitting in Neural Networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Yaoyu
name: Luo, Tao
name: Ma, Zheng
name: Xu, Zhi-Qin John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Why heavily parameterized neural networks (NNs) do not overfit the data is an important long standing open question. We propose a phenomenological model of the NN training to explain this non-overfitting puzzle. Our linear frequency principle (LFP) model accounts for a key dynamical feature of NNs: they learn low frequencies first, irrespective of microscopic details. Theory based on our LFP model shows that low frequency dominance of target functions is the key condition for the non-overfitting of NNs and is verified by experiments. Furthermore, through an ideal two-layer NN, we unravel how detailed microscopic NN training dynamics statistically gives rise to a LFP model with quantitative prediction power.
description: to appear in Chinese Physics Letters
Weak quantization of Poisson structures
Creators: name: Calaque, Damien
name: Halbout, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we prove that any Poisson structure on a sheaf of Lie algebroids admits a weak deformation quantization, and give a sufficient condition for such a Poisson structure to admit an actual deformation quantization. We also answer the corresponding classification problems. In the complex symplectic case, we recover in particular some results of Nest-Tsygan and Polesello-Schapira. We begin the paper with a recollection of known facts about deformation theory of cosimplicial differential graded Lie algebras.
description: LaTex, 19 pages, 6 figures ; typos corrected and references updated
Inbound Marketing คืออะไร
Creators: name: สุตาภัทร คงเกิด
name: ทศพล บุญศิริ
name: ทรวงชนก รักษ์เจริญ
Publisher: name: วารสารมหาวิทยาลัยพายัพ
Year: 2019
Subjects: การตลาดแรงดึงดูด
กระบวนการสร้างลูกค้า
การตลาดยุคดิจิทัล

description: วารสารมหาวิทยาลัยพายัพ, 29, 1, 55
An OCR Classifier for Republican Chinese Newspaper Text – Creation and Post-processing
Creators: name: Henke, Konstantin
name: Arnold, Matthias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: For more than a decade, Republican magazines and newspapers have been collected by institutes and projects now joined in the Centre for Asian and Transcultural Studies (CATS) at Heidelberg University. Our platform “Early Chinese Periodicals Online” (ECPO, https://uni-heidelberg.de/ecpo), provides open access to more than 300.000 digital images and their metadata, cf. [6] and [7]. Since the material consists mostly of image scans, the project ran a number of experiments to explore possible approaches towards full text generation [8]. For newspapers printed in Latin scripts much has changed since Rose Holley deemed the use of “’training’” facility (artificial intelligence) in the OCR software” as “Not viable for cost effective mass scale digitization” and noted “Do not pursue” in her list “Potential methods of improving OCR accuracy suggested by ANDP team” [9, table 2, item 9]. Today, when Liebl and Burghardt write that “transforming [historical newspapers] into machine-readable data by means of OCR poses some major challenges” they do that while they introduce their own OCR pipeline [9].
 Unfortunately, these approaches cannot just be adopted to historical Chinese newspapers. As we have shown, especially complex layout and resulting difficulties of reliable automatic page segmentation have so far prevented full text generation of these newspapers even within China [8], [11], [12]. In our paper we present the first results of a systematic approach towards full text extraction from a Republican China newspaper (Fig. 1). Our basis is a small corpus for which text ground truth exists. We present our character segmentation method which produces about 90.000 images of characters. Based on the hypothesis that pre-training on extensive amounts of suitably augmented character images will increase the OCR accuracy for evaluation on real-life character image data, we generate synthetic training data. We then compare the OCR recognition results and show that a combination of synthetic and real characters produces best results. Finally, we propose a method that makes use of a masked language model for OCR error correction.
Manifolds with nonnegative isotropic curvature
Creators: name: Seshadri, Harish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C20

description: We prove that if $(M^n,g)$, $n \ge 4$, is a compact, orientable, locally irreducible Riemannian manifold with nonnegative isotropic curvature, then one of the following possibilities hold: (i) $M$ admits a metric with positive isotropic curvature (ii) $(M,g)$ is isometric to a locally symmetric space (iii) $(M,g)$ is Kähler and biholomorphic to $\C P^\frac {n}{2}$. (iv) $(M,g)$ is quaternionic-Kähler. This is implied by the following result: Let $(M^{2n},g)$ be a compact, locally irreducible Kähler manifold with nonnegative isotropic curvature. Then either $M$ is biholomorphic to $\C P^n$ or isometric to a compact Hermitian symmetric space. This answers a question of Micallef and Wang in the affirmative. The proof is based on the recent work of S. Brendle and R. Schoen on the Ricci flow.
description: 12 Pages
A pressure-based diffuse interface method for low-Mach multiphase flows with mass transfer
Creators: name: Demou, Andreas D.
name: Scapin, Nicoló
name: Pelanti, Marica
name: Brandt, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study presents a novel pressure-based methodology for the efficient numerical solution of a four-equation two-phase diffuse interface model. The proposed methodology has the potential to simulate low-Mach flows with mass transfer. In contrast to the classical conservative four-equation model formulation, the adopted set of equations features volume fraction, temperature, velocity and pressure as the primary variables. The model includes the effects of viscosity, surface tension, thermal conductivity and gravity, and has the ability to incorporate complex equations of state. Additionally, a Gibbs free energy relaxation procedure is used to model mass transfer. A key characteristic of the proposed methodology is the use of high performance and scalable solvers for the solution of the Helmholtz equation for the pressure, which drastically reduces the computational cost compared to analogous density-based approaches. We demonstrate the capabilities of the methodology to simulate flows with large density and viscosity ratios through extended verification against a range of different test cases. Finally, the potential of the methodology to tackle challenging phase change flows is demonstrated with the simulation of three-dimensional nucleate boiling.
Simultaneous photon absorption as a probe of molecular interaction and hydrogen-bond correlation in liquids
Creators: name: Woutersen, Sander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the simultaneous absorption of near-infrared photons by pairs of neighboring molecules in liquid methanol. Simultaneous absorption by two OH-stretching modes is found to occur at an energy higher than the sum of the two absorbing modes. This frequency shift arises from interaction between the modes, and its value has been used to determine the average coupling between neighboring methanol molecules. We find a rms coupling strength of 46+/-1 cm-1, much larger than can be explained from transition-dipole coupling, suggesting that hydrogen-bond mediated interactions between neighboring molecules play an important role in liquid methanol. The most important aspect of simultaneous vibrational absorption is that it allows for a quantitative investigation of hydrogen-bond cooperativity. We derive the extent to which the hydrogen-bond strengths of neighboring molecules are correlated by comparing the line shape of the absorption band caused by simultaneous absorption with that of the fundamental transition. Surprisingly, neighboring hydrogen bonds in methanol are found to be strongly correlated, and from the data we obtain a hydrogen-bond correlation coefficient of 0.69+/-0.12.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, revtex4; submitted to PRL
U.S.S. Alba: teacher guide
Creators: name: Ross, Kirsty
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 39902 Forensic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences
subject: 69901 Forensic Biology
subject: 130105 Primary Education (excl. Maori)
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: "U.S.S. Alba" is a series of forensics workshops adapted for primary school audiences as part of Glasgow Children's University "Thinking Inside The Box" project. It was funded by the Royal Society of Chemistry Outreach Fund and the University of Strathclyde Alumni Fund, and supported by staff and students of the Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde. Dr Kirsty Ross created the original iteration which was for S1/S2 pupils as part of Prestwick Airport STEM week. This version splits up the activities into 3/4 lessons, including one homework task. Topics include: fingerprinting, blood type analysis, mysterious powders, thin layer chromatography, and DNA analysis. This is the accompanying teacher's guide.
X-ray bubbles in the circumgalactic medium of TNG50 Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies: signposts of supermassive black hole activity
Creators: name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Truong, Nhut
name: Weinberger, Rainer
name: Martin-Navarro, Ignacio
name: Springel, Volker
name: Faber, Sandy M.
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The TNG50 cosmological simulation produces X-ray emitting bubbles, shells, and cavities in the circumgalactic gas above and below the stellar disks of Milky Way- and Andromeda-like galaxies with morphological features reminiscent of the eROSITA and Fermi bubbles in the Galaxy. Two-thirds of the 198 MW/M31 analogues inspected in TNG50 at z=0 show one or more large-scale, coherent features of over-pressurized gas that impinge into the gaseous halo. Some of the galaxies include a succession of bubbles or shells of increasing size, ranging from a few to many tens of kpc. These are prominent in gas pressure, X-ray emission and gas temperature, and often exhibit sharp boundaries with typical shock Mach numbers of 2-4. The gas in the bubbles outflows with maximum (95th pctl) radial velocities of 100-1500 km/s. TNG50 bubbles expand with speeds as high as 1000-2000 km/s (about 1-2 kpc/Myr), but with a great diversity and with larger bubbles expanding at slower speeds. The bubble gas is at 10^6.4-7.2 K temperatures and is enriched to metallicities of 0.5-2 solar. In TNG50, the bubbles are a manifestation of episodic, kinetic, wind-like energy injections from the supermassive black holes at the galaxy centers that accrete at low Eddington ratios. According to TNG50, X-ray, and possibly gamma-ray, bubbles similar to those observed in the Milky Way should be a frequent feature of disk-like galaxies prior to, or on the verge of, being quenched. They should be within the grasp of eROSITA in the local Universe.
description: Accepted on MNRAS. Added details on the SMBH feedback model and a new panel in Fig. 11 with the X-ray luminosities of TNG50 SMBHs. Updated discussion and observability opportunities