cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supernova 1993J: a veiled pulsar in a binary system?
Creators: name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
name: Serenelli, Aldo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent report of a binary companion to the progenitor of supernova 1993J may provide important clues for identifying the nature of the nascent compact object. Given the estimates of the progenitor mass, the potential power source is probably a pulsar rather than an accreting black hole. If there is a pulsar, one would expect the rotational luminosity to be stored and reprocessed by the supernova remnant, but no pulsar nebula has yet been seen. The lack of detection of an X-ray synchrotron nebula should be taken as strong evidence against the presence of a bright pulsar. This is because absorption by the surrounding supernova gas should be negligible for the light of the companion star to have been detected. A model is developed here for the luminosity of the pulsar nebula in SN 1993J, which is then used to predict the spin-down power of the putative pulsar. If one exists, it can be providing no more than about 6 x 10^{39} erg/s. With an initial rotation period of 10-30 ms, as extrapolated from young galactic pulsars, the nascent neutron star can have either a weak magnetic field, B < 10^{11} G, or one so strong, B > 10^{15} G, that its spin was rapidly slowed down. The companion star, if bound to the neutron star, should provide ample targets for the pulsar wind to interact and produce high-energy gamma-rays. The expected non-pulsed, GeV signal is calculated; it could be detected by current and future experiments provided that the pulsar wind velocity is similar to that of the Crab Nebula.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; to appear in MNRAS pink pages
title: Erinnerungskulturen als RessourcenKulturen. Festschrift für Beat Schweizer anlässlich seines 15-jährigen Mitwirkens am SFB 1070 RessourcenKulturen
Creators: name: Frauen, Wulf
name: Da Vela, Raffaella
Publisher: name: Tübingen University Press
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Gruppenidentität , Wissensvermittlung , Know-how-Transfer , Sozialarchäologie , Kulturerbe , Materialität , Kollektives Gedächtnis
subject: 300
subject: 930
subject: Collective Identity
subject: Generations
subject: Knowledge Transfer
subject: Social Archaeology
subject: Cultural Heritage
subject: Materiality
subject: Cultural Memory

description: Der dem Buchtitel inhärente Begriff der ‚Erinnerungskulturen‘ wurde in jüngerer Vergangenheit medial popularisiert, sodass er mittlerweile auch gesamtgesellschaftlich geläufig und nicht nur einigen wenigen Fachleuten bekannt ist. Dabei entstammt er dem ‚Erinnerungsboom‘ in der kulturwissenschaftlichen Forschung, welcher sich erst in den 1990er Jahren vollzog. Es handelt sich also strenggenommen um einen Neo­logismus, auch weil die intellektuelle Pionierleistung von Maurice Halbwachs erst verhältnismäßig spät paradigmatischen Status erlangte. Wenngleich der Begriff kaum trennscharf definiert ist, liegt ihm doch zumindest das Postulat zugrunde, dass auch individuelles Erinnern eine kollektive Dimension besitzt und Erinnerung keine von einem Computerspeicher abgerufene Datei ist, sondern sich an gegenwärtigen Begebenheiten orientiert und gesamtgesellschaftlich stets neu verhandelt wird. Die dafür nötige intersubjektive Kommunikation setzt jedoch eine mediale Externalisierung ­voraus, was zum zweiten Schlüsselbegriff des Bandes führt, den RessourcenKulturen. Seit Beat Schweizer, dem dieser Band gewidmet ist, sogenannte Heroa im Kontext der italischen Halbinsel des 1. Jt. v. Chr. als zentrale Ressourcen gemeinsamer Vergangenheits(re-)konstruktion und somit kollektiver Sinnstiftung konzipierte, beschäftigen sich mehr WissenschaftlerInnen mit der Identifizierung solcher identitätskonstitutiver Schlüsselmedien und deren Einordnung in einen Gesamtzusammenhang. Diese Gesamtzusammenhänge werden dem SFB 1070 folgend als RessourcenKulturen bezeichnet, was selbstverständlich auch einen Neologismus darstellt. Der Band tangiert somit Themen wie alternative Deutungen in der Materialität und Medialität von Kultur, Bildungs- und Transformationsprozesse kollektiver Identitäten und die symbolische Funktion von Ressourcen in öffentlichen Räumen. Die verschiedenen Disziplinen entstammenden AutorInnen zeigen an diversen Beispielen, dass Erinnern ein konstruk­tiver Akt ist, der an spezifische Ressourcen gebunden ist – und dass sich vice versa diese Ressourcen als Produkt der jeweiligen Erinnerungsprozesse verstehen lassen.
title: Aethusa. Diachrone Untersuchungen zur Besiedlungsgeschichte eines insularen ‚Marginalraumes‘ im zentralen Mittelmeerraum Die Ergebnisse des Tübinger Linosa-Surveyprojektes
Creators: name: Schön, Frerich
Publisher: name: Tübingen University Press
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Sizilien , Wasserversorgung , Insel , Zisterne , Spätantike , Kolonisierung
subject: 930
subject: Linosa
subject: Central Mediterranean
subject: Island Archaeology
subject: Water Supply
subject: Cisterns
subject: Linosa
subject: Late Antiquity
subject: Island Colonisation

description: Mit dem Tübinger Linosa-Survey wurde die Besiedlungsgeschichte der Vulkaninsel Linosa (Aethusa/Aegusa), der nördlichsten Pelagischen Insel, untersucht. Die geringe Größe von nur 5,2 km² und das Fehlen von Süßwasserquellen lassen sie als ‚Marginalraum‘ erscheinen. Der Fokus der Studie liegt daher auf der Analyse der Wasserversorgung durch die Speicherung saisonaler Niederschläge. Nach Ausweis von Dokumenten aus der Zeit der Bourbonischen Kolonisation Linosas, nutzten die Kolonisten des 19. Jh. mehr als 150 antike Zisternen zur Süßwasserversorgung. Diese hydraulischen Infrastrukturen dienen dem Inselsurvey als Indikatoren für antike Siedlungsmuster sowie als Quelle für die Untersuchung des Managements der knappen Ressource. Um die weitgehend unerforschten antiken Besiedlungsphasen Linosas fassen zu können, wurde die Untersuchung mit einem Keramiksurvey kombiniert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Linosa anders als die umliegenden Inseln während langer Zeiträume unbesiedelt war. Vereinzelte Funde deuten darauf hin, dass die Insel seit der Bronzezeit immer wieder frequentiert, jedoch nicht permanent besiedelt wurde. Daher wird vorgeschlagen, dass Linosa in Analogie zur neuzeitlichen Nutzung der Insel in einem intrainsularen Weidewirtschaftssystem von umliegenden Inseln für Weidezwecke genutzt wurde. Dafür spricht auch ein in antiken Schriftquellen überlieferter Inselname Aegusa (Αἴγουσα) – Ziegeninsel. Eine dauerhafte Siedlung kann erst für das 5. bis 6. Jh. n. Chr. nachgewiesen werden. Fundmaterial aus dieser Zeit macht 95 % des datierten Surveymaterials aus. Die Keramik und die Typologie der Wasserspeicher machen eine Besiedlung aus Nordafrika wahrscheinlich. Dieser ephemeren Besiedlungsepisode folgt bis in das 19. Jh. n. Chr. wieder eine lange Phase, während der Linosa vor allem als Satelliteninsel Maltas frequentiert wurde. Erst im mittleren 19. Jh. erfolgte eine erneute Kolonisierung der Insel, die diesmal von Sizilien ausging und die Grundlage der heutigen Siedlung auf Linosa bildet.
Project Dictionary: Terminology Standard.
Creators: name: Ainslie, Michael
name: Miksis-Olds, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 40501 Biological Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 40502 Chemical Oceanography
subject: 50206 Environmental Monitoring
subject: 50209 Natural Resource Management
subject: Oceanography

description: Suggested citation:Ainslie, M.A., C.A.F. de Jong, S.B. Martin, J.L. Miksis-Olds, J.D. Warren, K.D. Heaney, C.A. Hillis, andA.O. MacGillivray. 2020. Project Dictionary: Terminology Standard. Document 02075, Version 1.0.Technical report by JASCO Applied Sciences for ADEON.
The purpose of this report is to provide terminology for the ADEON project. The project’s focus onsoundscapes means that the main focus of this report is on acoustical terminology relevant tosoundscapes.
TV Corvi Revisited: Precursor and Superhump Period Derivative Linked to the Disk Instability Model
Creators: name: Uemura, M.
name: Mennickent, R. E.
name: Ishioka, R.
name: Imada, A.
name: Kato, T.
name: Nogami, D.
name: Stubbings, R.
name: Kiyota, S.
name: Nelson, P.
name: Tanabe, K.
name: Heathcote, B.
name: Bolt, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report optical photometric observations of four superoutbursts of the short-period dwarf nova TV Crv. This object experiences two types of superoutbursts; one with a precursor and the other without. The superhump period and period excess of TV Crv are accurately determined to be 0.065028 +/- 0.000008 d and 0.0342 +/- 0.0021, respectively. This large excess implies a relatively large mass ratio of the binary components (M_2/M_1), though it has a short orbital period. The two types of superoutbursts can be explained by the thermal-tidal instability model for systems having large mass ratios. Our observations reveal that superhump period derivatives are variable in distinct superoutbursts. The variation is apparently related to the presence or absence of a precursor. We propose that the superhump period derivative depends on the maximum disk radius during outbursts. We investigate the relationship of the type of superoutbursts and the superhump period derivative for known sources. In the case of superoutbursts without a precursor, superhump period derivatives tend to be larger than those in precursor-main type superoutbursts, which is consistent with our scenario.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Using the Law to Change the Custom
Creators: name: Aldashev, Gani
name: Chaara, Imane
name: Platteau, Jean-Philippe
name: Wahhaj, Zaki
name: Aldashev, Gani
name: Chaara, Imane
name: Platteau, Jean-Philippe
name: Wahhaj, Zaki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Custom
subject: Statutory Law
subject: Inequality
subject: Legal Refor

description: We build a simple model of legal dualism in which a pro-poor legal reform, under certain conditions, causes the conflicting custom to go some way toward producing the change intended by the legislator. It then acts as an "outside anchor" that exerts a "magnet effect" on the custom. We illustrate this insight using examples on inheritance, marriage, and divorce issues in Sub-Saharan Africa and India. We also characterize the conditions under which a moderate pro-poor reform is more effective than a radical reform.
Investigation of traffic and safety behavior of pedestrians while texting or web-surfing
Creators: name: Marilia Ropaka
name: Nikolaou, Dimitrios
name: Yannis, George
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: More and more pedestrians use mobile phones in their daily traffic activities by the roadside or even when crossing the street. The objective of this research is to examine pedestrians’ traffic and safety behavior while texting or web-surfing, when crossing signalized intersections. Methods: In order to compare the behavior of distracted and non-distracted pedestrians, an experimental process through video recording was carried out in real road conditions, in three signalized intersections in the center of Athens in Greece. Demographic and behavioral characteristics were observed, including use of mobile device. For the statistical analysis, two multiple linear regression models were developed to investigate the association of pedestrians’ speed and distraction caused by mobile phone use. Additionally, binary logistic regression models were developed in order to determine the influence of distraction on pedestrians’ safety characteristics and more specifically on near misses with oncoming vehicles. Results: Observers recorded crossing behaviors for 2,280 pedestrians and noticed that nearly one-fifth (16.6%) of them performed a phone-distracting activity while crossing. Distractions included texting or web-surfing (6.3%), listening to music (5.4%) and using a handheld phone (4.9%). Τhis research indicated that distraction caused by texting or web-surfing had a negative impact on pedestrians’ main traffic and safety characteristics. Results pointed out that in high pedestrian traffic, distracted pedestrians who were texting or web-surfing on their mobile phone present lower speed than non-distracted pedestrians, regardless of their age, as they may be not aware of traffic conditions due to distraction and therefore, they have higher crossing times. Furthermore, their probability of a near miss increases with increasing pedestrian volume as the more pedestrians who occupy the pedestrian crossing the more difficult is for them to observe carefully the rest traffic. Conclusions: Mobile phones are integral to contemporary daily life and their use and penetration is increasing rapidly as well. For this reason, it is crucial to investigate the impacts of distracted walking on pedestrians’ traffic and safety behavior. Various measures and strategies should be implemented and further research should be conducted as texting and web-surfing distraction is associated with a rather high risk.
Swelling of acetylated wood in organic liquids
Creators: name: Obataya, Eiichi
name: Gril, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To investigate the affinity of acetylated wood for organic liquids, Yezo spruce wood specimens were acetylated with acetic anhydride, and their swelling in various liquids were compared to those of untreated specimens. The acetylated wood was rapidly and remarkably swollen in aprotic organic liquids such as benzene and toluene in which the untreated wood was swollen only slightly and/or very slowly. On the other hand, the swelling of wood in water, ethylene glycol and alcohols remained unchanged or decreased by the acetylation. Consequently the maximum volume of wood swollen in organic liquids was always larger than that in water. The effect of acetylation on the maximum swollen volume of wood was greater in liquids having smaller solubility parameters. The easier penetration of aprotic organic liquids into the acetylated wood was considered to be due to the scission of hydrogen bonds among the amorphous wood constituents by the substitution of hydroxyl groups with hydrophobic acetyl groups.
description: to be published in J Wood Science (Japanese wood research society)
Dalitz analysis of the three-body charmless decays B+=>K+Pi+Pi- and B+=>K+K+K-
Creators: name: Garmash, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results on the Dalitz analysis of three-body charmless B+=>K+Pi+Pi- and B+=>K+K+K- decays based on a 140 fb$^{-1}$ data sample collected with the Belle detector. Measurements of branching fractions for quasi-two-body decays to scalar-pseudoscalar states: B+ => f0(980)K+, B+ => K*_0(1430)^0 Pi+, and to vector-pseudoscalar states: B+ => K*(892)^0 Pi+, B+ => rho(770)K+, B+ => phi(1020)K+ are presented. Upper limits on decays to some pseudoscalar-tensor final states are reported. We also report the measurement of the B+ => chi_c0 K+ branching fraction in two chi_c0 decays channels: chi_c0 => Pi+Pi- and chi_c0 => K+K-.
description: 32 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to PRD
The Right Amount of Trust
Creators: name: Butler, Jeffrey
name: Giuliano, Paola
name: Guiso, Luigi
name: Butler, Jeffrey
name: Giuliano, Paola
name: Guiso, Luigi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Trust
subject: Trustworthiness
subject: Economic Performance
subject: Culture
subject: False Consensus

description: We investigate the relationship between individual trust and individual economic performance. We find that individual income is hump-shaped in a measure of intensity of trust beliefs. Heterogeneity of trust beliefs in the population, coupled with the tendency of individuals to extrapolate beliefs about others from their own levels of trustworthiness, could generate this non-monotonic relationship: highly trustworthy individuals tend to form overly optimistic beliefs, to assume too much social risk and to be cheated more often, ultimately performing less well than those with a belief close to the mean trustworthiness of the population. On the other hand, less trustworthy individuals form overly pessimistic beliefs and avoid being cheated, but give up profitable opportunities, therefore underperforming. The cost of either too much or too little trust is comparable to the income lost by foregoing college. Our findings in large-scale survey data are supported and extended with experimental findings. We show that in the trust game, own trustworthiness and beliefs about others’ trustworthiness are strongly correlated and persistent and that patterns in earnings lost due to incorrect beliefs are comparable to those in the survey data.
On the destruction of star-forming clouds
Creators: name: Monaco, Pierluigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type II supernovae (SNe), probably the most important contributors to stellar feedback in galaxy formation, explode within the very dense star-forming clouds, where the injected energy is most easily radiated away. The efficiency of type II SNe in injecting energy into the interstellar medium (ISM) and in re-heating a fraction of the original star-forming cloud is estimated with the aid of a two-phase model for the ISM of the cloud. We argue that when SNe explode the star-forming cloud has already been partially destroyed by ionizing light and winds from massive stars. SN remnants (SNRs) will first cause the collapse of most of the cloud gas into cold fragments, until the diffuse hot phase has a low enough density to make further radiative losses negligible. This is completed in ~3 Myr, with a modest energy loss of ~5 per cent of the total budget. We compute that a fraction ranging from 5 to 30 per cent of the cloud is reheated to a high temperature (from 10^5 to 10^7 K); these numbers are very uncertain, due to the very complicated nature of the problem, and to the uncertain role of thermal evaporation. Small star-forming clouds, less massive than ~10^4 Msun, will be destroyed by a single SN. In all cases, a high fraction of the energy from type II SNe (~80 per cent for large clouds, smaller but still significant for small clouds) will be available for heating the ISM.
description: 11 pages, 4 postscript figures included, uses mn2e.cls. In press on MNRAS
The life cycle of radio galaxies in the LOFAR Lockman Hole field
Creators: name: Jurlin, N.
name: Morganti, R.
name: Brienza, M.
name: Mandal, S.
name: Maddox, N.
name: Duncan, K. J.
name: Shabala, S. S.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Prandoni, I.
name: Röttgering, H. J. A.
name: Mahatma, V.
name: Best, P. N.
name: Mingo, B.
name: Sabater, J.
name: Shimwell, T. W.
name: Tasse, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio galaxies are known to go through cycles of activity, where phases of apparent quiescence can be followed by repeated activity of the central supermassive black hole. A better understanding of this cycle is crucial for ascertaining the energetic impact that the jets have on the host galaxy, but little is known about it. We used deep LOFAR images at 150 MHz of the Lockman Hole extragalactic field to select a sample of 158 radio sources with sizes $> 60^{\prime\prime}$ in different phases of their jet life cycle. Using a variety of criteria (e.g. core prominence combined with low-surface brightness of the extended emission and steep spectrum of the central region) we selected a subsample of candidate restarted radio galaxies representing between 13% and 15% of the 158 sources of the main sample. We compare their properties to the rest of the sample, which consists of remnant candidates and active radio galaxies. Optical identifications and characterisations of the host galaxies indicate similar properties for candidate restarted, remnant, and active radio galaxies, suggesting that they all come from the same parent population. The fraction of restarted radio galaxies is slightly higher with respect to remnants, suggesting that the restarted phase can often follow after a relatively short remnant phase (the duration of the remnant phase being a few times 10$^{7}$ years). This confirms that the remnant and restarted phases are integral parts of the life cycle of massive elliptical galaxies. A preliminary investigation does not suggest a strong dependence of this cycle on the environment surrounding any given galaxy.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, A&A accepted, companion paper to Shabala et al., also in today arXiv posting
Ivermectin as a potential COVID-19 treatment from the pharmacokinetic point of view: antiviral levels are not likely attainable with known dosing regimens
Creators: name: Momekov, Georgi
name: Denitsa Momekova
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent ivermectin has been very recently found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and proposed as a candidate for drug repurposing in COVID-19. In the present report the in vitro antiviral activity end-points are analyzed from the pharmacokinetic perspective. The available pharmacokinetic data from clinically relevant and excessive dosing studies indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory concentrations are not likely to be attainable in humans.
Direct detection of freeze-in inelastic dark matter
Creators: name: An, Haipeng
name: Yang, Daneng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the current sensitivities of direct detection experiments have already reached the interesting parameter space of freeze-in dark matter models if the dark sector is in the inelastic dark matter framework and the excited dark matter state is cosmologically stable. Using results recently presented by the XENON1T experiment, we present constraints on these models. We also show that these models can explain the reported excess in the electron recoil signals if the mass gap between the ground state and the excited state is at keV scale.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
The Influence of Ecological Marketing on Consumer Confidence and Brand Allegiance
Creators: name: Kautilya Shankar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Ecological marketing, Sustainability, Environmental Responsibility, Consumer Trust, Brand Loyalty, Eco-Conscious, Eco-Certifications, Consumer Behavior, Brand Perception

description: Ecological advertising and marketing, or green advertising, has evolved as a widespread approach within the current enterprise landscape, reflecting a developing customer choice for sustainability and environmental responsibility.   This study analyses the have an impact on of ecological advertising and marketing on customer self-belief and brand dedication.   It investigates how corporations that embody environmentally-friendly methods and promote sustainable merchandise can enhance purchaser agree with and increase lengthy-term loyalty.   By integrating eco-conscious messages into their advertising techniques, firms can attraction to the values of environmentally-conscious clients, main to deeper emotional ties and greater brand perceptions.   The research additionally explores the effect of openness, corporate social duty, and eco-certifications in building purchaser self-assurance.   Through empirical evaluation and a assessment of pertinent case studies, this research illustrates the symbiotic courting among ecological advertising and marketing efforts and purchaser behavior, underlining the fee of sustainability in growing emblem loyalties in today’s aggressive market.   The findings underline the ability of inexperienced advertising and marketing to no longer only pressure customer purchasing choices but also to bolster lasting consumer-brand relationships in an increasingly eco-aware market surroundings.
International Cooperation on Climate Change Adaptation from an Economic Perspective
Creators: name: De Bruin, Kelly C.
name: Dellink, Rob B.
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
name: De Bruin, Kelly C.
name: Dellink, Rob B.
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Climate Change
subject: Adaptation Funding
subject: Integrated Assessment Modeling

description: This paper investigates the economic incentives of countries to cooperate on international adaptation financing. Adaptation is generally implicitly incorporated in the climate change damage functions as used in Integrated Assessment Models. We replace the implicit decision on adaptation with explicit adaptation in a multi-regional setting by using an adjusted RICE model. We show that making adaptation explicit will not affect the optimal mitigation path when adaptation is set at its optimal level. Sub-optimal adaptation will, however, change the optimal mitigation path. Furthermore this paper studies for different forms of cooperation what effects international adaptation transfers will have on (i) domestic adaptation and (ii) the optimal mitigation path. Adaptation transfers will fully crowd out domestic adaptation in a first best setting. Transfers will decrease overall mitigation in our numerical simulations. An analytical framework is used to analyse the most important mechanisms and a numerical model is used to assess the magnitude of effects.
Characterization of arbitrage-free markets
Creators: name: Strasser, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 60H05,, 90A09 (Primary) . (Secondary)

description: The present paper deals with the characterization of no-arbitrage properties of a continuous semimartingale. The first main result, Theorem \refMainTheoremCharNA, extends the no-arbitrage criterion by Levental and Skorohod [Ann. Appl. Probab. 5 (1995) 906-925] from diffusion processes to arbitrary continuous semimartingales. The second main result, Theorem 2.4, is a characterization of a weaker notion of no-arbitrage in terms of the existence of supermartingale densities. The pertaining weaker notion of no-arbitrage is equivalent to the absence of immediate arbitrage opportunities, a concept introduced by Delbaen and Schachermayer [Ann. Appl. Probab. 5 (1995) 926-945]. Both results are stated in terms of conditions for any semimartingales starting at arbitrary stopping times σ. The necessity parts of both results are known for the stopping time σ=0 from Delbaen and Schachermayer [Ann. Appl. Probab. 5 (1995) 926-945]. The contribution of the present paper is the proofs of the corresponding sufficiency parts.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051604000000558 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DISCOURSE
Creators: name: Sultonova, Oisha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article takes a deep dive into the world of "discourse," which is more than just words. It's about how we use language to communicate, understand each other, and make meaning. We'll explore how discourse works in linguistics, how it plays out in everyday life, and the different types of discourse we encounter.
Accuracy-Efficiency Trade-Offs and Accountability in Distributed ML Systems
Creators: name: Cooper, A. Feder
name: Levy, Karen
name: De Sa, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Trade-offs between accuracy and efficiency pervade law, public health, and other non-computing domains, which have developed policies to guide how to balance the two in conditions of uncertainty. While computer science also commonly studies accuracy-efficiency trade-offs, their policy implications remain poorly examined. Drawing on risk assessment practices in the US, we argue that, since examining these trade-offs has been useful for guiding governance in other domains, we need to similarly reckon with these trade-offs in governing computer systems. We focus our analysis on distributed machine learning systems. Understanding the policy implications in this area is particularly urgent because such systems, which include autonomous vehicles, tend to be high-stakes and safety-critical. We 1) describe how the trade-off takes shape for these systems, 2) highlight gaps between existing US risk assessment standards and what these systems require to be properly assessed, and 3) make specific calls to action to facilitate accountability when hypothetical risks concerning the accuracy-efficiency trade-off become realized as accidents in the real world. We close by discussing how such accountability mechanisms encourage more just, transparent governance aligned with public values.
Joint effects of competition, recruitment limitation, and fire suppression in an invaded oak savanna ecosystem
Creators: name: MacDougall, Andrew Stewart
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Competition is often assumed to determine relative abundance in plant communities, especially in the absence of disturbance. At the community level, however, the relationship between competitive ability and abundance is rarely tested. Emerging evidence supports an alternative model where species abundance is determined as much or more by differences in dispersal ability. If true, this suggests that factors that restrict dispersal in contemporary landscapes, such as habitat fragmentation, may be more limiting for native species than competition by invasive flora. I tested the relative importance of competition and dispersal in an invaded and fire-suppressed oak savanna in southwestern British Columbia. Dominance by two exotic perennial grasses strongly suggests that competition is restricting the occurrence of native flora, many of which are presently rare. Extreme fragmentation of this savanna (habitat loss > 95%), however, suggests that dispersal may also limit their occurrence. I explored these alternatives using a combination of experimental (field and glasshouse) and biogeographical approaches. My results confirmed the importance of competition for structuring this plant community. Removal of the dominant grasses greatly increased the cover of previously subordinate native forbs. A pair-wise competition experiment revealed that the most abundant species, the invasive perennial grass Poa pratensis, dominates by limiting light availability and recruiting by tillering in the light-limited understory. Seed addition experiments, however, also confirmed the importance of recruitment limitation for native species. Despite low light, most native species established and survived in the grass sward. B y reducing the dominant grasses and eliminating the litter layer, experimental burning increased the survival of added species but was not a necessary pre-condition for recruitment. For community structure generally, burning transformed the savanna from a grass-dominated system to one dominated by native forbs. However, because forbs are substantially less productive than grasses, litter levels dropped so that fire could not occur continuously over time, which in turn favours recruitment by grasses. Based on these results, I surmise that this system formerly oscillated between domination by grasses and forbs with fire. Long-term fire suppression explains the domination by grasses in many remnant areas presently. In combination, my work revealed that competition and dispersal interact to structure this oak savanna. Disturbance, soil depth, and annual variations in climate also have an impact on the interaction of these two factors.
Boron cage effects on Nd-Fe-B crystal structure's stability
Creators: name: Nguyen, Duong-Nguyen
name: Dao, Duc-Anh
name: Miyake, Takashi
name: Dam, Hieu-Chi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we investigate the structure-stability relationship of hypothetical Nd-Fe-B crystal structures using descriptor-relevance analysis and the t-SNE dimensionality reduction method. 149 hypothetical Nd-Fe-B crystal structures are generated from 5967 LA-T-X host structures in Open Quantum Materials Database by using the elemental substitution method, with LA denoting lanthanides, T denoting transition metals, and X denoting light elements such as B, C, N and O. A hypothetical crystal structure is created by substituting all lanthanide sites with Nd, all transition metal sites with Fe, and all light element sites with B. High-throughput first-principle calculations are applied to evaluate the phase stability of these structures. Twenty of them are found to be potentially formable. The descriptor-relevance analysis on the orbital field matrix (OFM) materials' descriptor reveals the average atomic coordination number as the essential factor in determining the structure stability of these substituted Nd-Fe-B crystal structures. 19 among 20 hypothetical structures that are found potentially formable have an average coordination number larger than 6.5. In addition, all the local structures represented by the OFM descriptors are integrated into a visible space to study the detailed correlation between their characteristics and the stability of the crystal structure to which they belong. We discover that unstable substituted structures frequently carry Nd and Fe local structures with two prominent points: low average coordination numbers and fully occupied B neighboring atoms. Moreover, there are only three popular forms of B local structures appearing on all potentially formable substituted structures: cage networks, planar networks, and interstitial sites. The discovered relationships are promising to speed up the screening process for the new formable crystal structures.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
A Possible Boson Realization of the so(4)- and the so(3,1)-Algebra
Creators: name: Nishiyama, S.
name: Providencia, C.
name: da Providencia, J.
name: Tsue, Y.
name: Yamamura, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As natural extensions of the boson realizations of the su(2)- and the su(1,1)-algebra, the so(4)- and the so(3,1)-algebras are presented in the form of boson realizations with four kinds of boson operators. For each algebra, two forms are discussed. One is constructed in terms of two sets of the boson operators which play a role of spherical tensor with rank 1/2. The other is based on the ranks 1 and 0. As a possible application, the Runge-Lenz-Pauli vector, which is famous in the hydrogen atom, is derived with some aspects.
description: 22 pages, no figure
Combinatorial universality in three-speed ballistic annihilation
Creators: name: Haslegrave, John
name: Tournier, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35

description: We consider a one-dimensional system of particles, moving at constant velocities chosen independently according to a symmetric distribution on $\{-1,0,+1\}$, and annihilating upon collision -- with, in case of triple collision, a uniformly random choice of survivor among the two moving particles. When the system contains infinitely many particles, whose starting locations are given by a renewal process, a phase transition was proved to happen (see arXiv:1811.08709) as the density of static particles crosses the value $1/4$. Remarkably, this critical value, along with certain other statistics, was observed not to depend on the distribution of interdistances. In the present paper, we investigate further this universality by proving a stronger statement about a finite system of particles with fixed, but randomly shuffled, interdistances. We give two proofs, one by an induction allowing explicit computations, and one by a more direct comparison. This result entails a new nontrivial independence property that in particular gives access to the density of surviving static particles at a given time in the infinite model. Finally, in the asymmetric case, further similar independence properties are proved to keep holding, including a striking property of gamma distributed interdistances that contrasts with the general behavior.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures. To be published in a special volume in memory of Vladas Sidoravicius
Unveiling stellar aurorae
Creators: name: Kajan, Michal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: We investigate auroral emission lines in hot stars induced by irradiation, shedding light on the intricate interplay between magnetic fields and stellar winds. Employing the TLUSTY and SYNSPEC codes, we generate high-resolution synthetic spectra, which unveil potential infrared emission lines, notably He ii 69458 Å, observed across a range of effective temperatures (15 kK to 30 kK). Additionally, our analysis reveals the presence of infrared excess, indicative of underlying physical processes. Furthermore, we identify emission lines generated solely in the hottest model, attributed to NLTE effects rather than irradiation. These findings can contribute to our understanding of auroral phenomena in hot stars and underscore the significance of irradiation in shaping spectral features. Our research suggests promising avenues for further exploration in this field.
On the number of $k$-compositions of $n$ satisfying certain coprimality conditions
Creators: name: Tóth, László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A17, 11N37, 11P81

description: We generalize the asymptotic estimates by Bubboloni, Luca and Spiga (2012) on the number of $k$-compositions of $n$ satisfying some coprimality conditions. We substantially refine the error term concerning the number of $k$-compositions of $n$ with pairwise relatively prime summands. We use a different approach, based on properties of multiplicative arithmetic functions of $k$ variables and on an asymptotic formula for the restricted partition function.
description: revised
The Linkages between Energy Efficiency and Security of Energy Supply in Europe
Creators: name: Bigano, Andrea
name: Arigoni Ortiz, Ramon
name: Markandya, Anil
name: Menichetti, Emanuela
name: Pierfederici, Roberta
name: Bigano, Andrea
name: Arigoni Ortiz, Ramon
name: Markandya, Anil
name: Menichetti, Emanuela
name: Pierfederici, Roberta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Energy Efficiency
subject: Energy Security
subject: Policy Effectiveness
subject: Europe

description: It can be argued that one way to reduce the dependence from external energy sources, is simply to reduce the demand for energy. Energy savings may thus be considered a policy priority when concerns for energy security are particularly strong. Drawing on an original econometric approach, we check whether policies and measures that affect indicators of energy efficiency performance have an analogous effect on security of supply indicators, both at the whole economy level and within the main sectors of energy use in the EU 15 countries and Norway. Our analyses show that the indicators studied are affected by a number of policies and measures; however very few of them seem able to tackle effectively and simultaneously, energy efficiency, carbon efficiency and energy security. The main lesson to be drawn from this analysis is therefore that there is a number of energy efficiency policies in the EU that do work, but there is no silver bullet able to successfully address different policy objectives. Taking a more general perspective, what seems to work is the policy mix rather than this or that policy in insulation.
Theory of stochastic transitions in area preserving maps
Creators: name: Nicolini, Piero
name: Tessarotto, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A famous aspect of discrete dynamical systems defined by area-preserving maps is the physical interpretation of stochastic transitions occurring locally which manifest themselves through the destruction of invariant KAM curves and the local or global onset of chaos. Despite numerous previous investigations (see in particular Chirikov, Greene, Percival, Escande and Doveil and MacKay) based on different approaches, several aspects of the phenomenon still escape a complete understanding and a rigorous description. In particular Greene's approach is based on several conjectures, one of which is that the stochastic transition leading to the destruction of the last KAM curve in the standard map is due the linear destabilization of the elliptic points belonging to a peculiar family of invariants sets {I(m,n)} (rational iterates) having rational winding numbers and associated to the last KAM curve. Purpose of this work is to analyze the nonlinear phenomena leading to the stochastic transition in the standard map and their effect on the destabilization of the invariant sets associated to the KAM curves, leading, ultimately, to the destruction of the KAM curves themselves.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. Contributed to the Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics, July 10-16, 2004 Porto Giardino Monopoli (Bari), Italy
title: Essays in political text: new actors, new data, new challenges
Creators: name: Paskhalis, Tom
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2020

description: The essays in this thesis explore diverse manifestations and different aspects of political text. The two main contributions on the methodological side are bringing forward novel data on political actors who were overlooked by the existing literature and application of new approaches in text analysis to address substantive questions about them. On the theoretical side this thesis contributes to the literatures on lobbying, government transparency, post-conflict studies and gender in politics. In the first paper on interest groups in the UK I argue that contrary to much of the theoretical and empirical literature mechanisms of attaining access to government in pluralist systems critically depend on the presence of limits on campaign spending. When such limits exist, political candidates invest few resources in fund-raising and, thus, most organizations make only very few if any political donations. I collect and analyse transparency data on government department meetings and show that economic importance is one of the mechanisms that can explain variation in the level of access attained by different groups. Furthermore, I show that Brexit had a diminishing effect on this relationship between economic importance and the level of access. I also study the reported purpose of meetings and, using dynamic topic models, show the temporary shifts in policy agenda during this period. The second paper argues that civil society in post-conflict settings is capable of high-quality deliberation and, while differing in their focus, both male and female can deliver arguments pertaining to the interests of broader societal groups. Using the transcripts of civil society public consultation meetings across former Yugoslavia I show that the lack of gender-sensitive transitional justice instruments could stem not from the lack of women’s 3 physical or verbal participation, but from the dynamic of speech enclaves and topical focus on different aspects of transitional justice process between genders. And, finally, the third paper maps the challenges that lie ahead with the proliferation of research that relies on multiple datasets. In a simulation study I show that, when the linking information is limited to text, the noise can potential occur at different levels and is often hard to anticipate in practice. Thus, the choice of record linkage requires balancing between these different scenarios. Taken together, the papers in this thesis advance the field of “text as data” and contribute to our understanding of multiple political phenomena.
title: Untersuchungen zur Lebensqualität von Patienten mit Hydrozephalus Persönliche Haltung und Befindlichkeit im mittelfristigen Verlauf
Creators: name: Filip, Zoltan
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Wasserkopf
subject: 610
subject: Lebensqualität

description: Im Rahmen dieser retrospektiven Datenanalyse sollte untersucht werden, inwiefern sich das allgemeine Befinden oder die Haltung von Patienten mit Hydrozephalus mittelfristig verändert. Im Fokus des Interesses stand dabei außerdem die Frage, ob signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Patienten mit NPH (Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus) und anderen Hydrozehphalus-Formen nachweisbar sind.
Numerical solutions to Giovannini's parton branching equation up to TeV energies at the LHC
Creators: name: Ong, Z.
name: Agarwal, P.
name: Ang, H. W.
name: Chan, A. H.
name: Oh, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giovannini's parton branching equation is integrated numerically using the 4th-order Runge-Kutta method. Using a simple hadronisation model, a charged-hadron multiplicity distribution is obtained. This model is then fitted to various experimental data up to the TeV scale to study how the Giovannini parameters vary with collision energy and type. The model is able to describe hadronic collisions up to the TeV scale and reveals the emergence of gluonic activity as the centre-of-mass energy increases. A prediction is made for $\sqrt{s}$ = 14 TeV.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures, 8 tables