cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MANURE VALUE, PRICING SYSTEMS, AND SWINE PRODUCTION DECISIONS
Creators: name: Huang, Haixiao
name: Miller, Gay Y.
name: Huang, Haixiao
name: Miller, Gay Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Based on a swine producer's profit maximization model in which manure value and packers' live market weight pricing systems are considered, the optimal farm inventory and optimal hog market weight are simultaneously solved for scenarios generated from the combination of two crop rotations, two forms of manure storage, two levels of manure incorporation, and two nutrient application standards. First, our results suggest that manure value has a significant impact on the optimal farm inventory as well as on the profitability of an operation. The optimal size of operation identified is quite large and varies considerably among the scenarios. Our results indicate that shallow pit buildings with lagoons can support a larger operation scale and require less acreage for manure dispersion than systems with slurry basins. For slurry basin systems, manure applications with immediate incorporation are more profitable than applications with no incorporation. Second, our results show that the optimal hog market weight is insensitive to benefits and costs of manure handling and application, reflecting a dominant influence of the pricing system on a producer's hog marketing decision. Finally, our results show that though more acres are needed for manure application when a P standard is applied in a corn-soybean rotation, still a P standard is economically advantageous to swine farmers and this standard also makes better use of manure nutrients.
Mode transformations and entanglement relativity in bipartite gaussian states
Creators: name: Ciancio, Emanuele
name: Giorda, Paolo
name: Zanardi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proper choice of subsystems for a system of identical particles e.g., bosons, is provided by second-quantized modes i.e.,creation/annihilation operators. Here we investigate how the entanglement properties of bipartite gaussian states of bosons change when modes are changed by means of unitary, number conserving, Bogolioubov transformations. This set of "virtual" bi-partitions is then finite-dimensionally parametrized and one can quantitatively address relevant questions such as the determination of the minimal and maximal available entanglement. In particular, we show that in the class of bipartite gaussian states there are states which remain separable for every possible modes redefinition, while do not exist states which remain entangled for every possible modes redefinition
description: LaTeX 7 pages, 7 figures. Many typos (sorry) fixed
Measuring the surface mass density ellipticity of redMaPPer galaxy clusters using weak-lensing
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Elizabeth J.
name: Makler, Martin
name: Lambas, Diego Garcia
name: Chalela, Martin
name: Pereira, Maria E. S.
name: Van Waerbeke, Ludovic
name: Shan, HuanYuan
name: Erben, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the shape of the projected surface mass density distribution of galaxy clusters using weak-lensing stacking techniques. In particular, we constrain the average aligned component of the projected ellipticity, $ε$, for a sample of redMaPPer clusters ($0.1 \leq z < 0.4$). We consider six different proxies for the cluster orientation and measure $ε$ for three ranges of projected distances from the cluster centres. The mass distribution in the inner region (up to $700\,$kpc) is better traced by the cluster galaxies with a higher membership probability, while the outer region (from $700\,$kpc up to $5\,$Mpc) is better traced by the inclusion of less probable galaxy cluster members. The fitted ellipticity in the inner region is $ε= 0.21 \pm 0.04$, in agreement with previous estimates. We also study the relation between $ε$ and the cluster mean redshift and richness. By splitting the sample in two redshift ranges according to the median redshift, we obtain larger $ε$ values for clusters at higher redshifts, consistent with the expectation from simulations. In addition, we obtain higher ellipticity values in the outer region of clusters at low redshifts. We discuss several systematic effects that might affect the measured lensing ellipticities and their relation to the derived ellipticity of the mass distribution.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Betulin aldehyde, an antitumour agent from the bark of Tectona grandis
Creators: name: TRIPATHI, Y.C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30401 Biologically Active Molecules
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30499 Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: NMR Spectroscopy
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy

description: Betulin aldheyde together with lupeol, betulin and betulinic acid have been isolated from the stem bark of Tectona grandis and characterised by spectral analysis. This is the second report of the natural occurrence of betulin aldehyde.
119. Brown dwarfs with Gaia
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Brown dwarfs are objects with masses below the hydrogen-burning limit. They are faint in the optical, with most isolated objects, even the nearest, close to Gaia's survey limit. Those in binary systems can be detected through the orbital motion of the brighter component. Many new brown dwarfs have already been discovered in Data Release 3.
Angularly localized Skyrmions
Creators: name: Manko, Olga V.
name: Manton, Nicholas S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantized Skyrmions with baryon numbers $B=1,2$ and 4 are considered and angularly localized wavefunctions for them are found. By combining a few low angular momentum states, one can construct a quantum state whose spatial density is close to that of the classical Skyrmion, and has the same symmetries. For the B=1 case we find the best localized wavefunction among linear combinations of $j=1/2$ and $j=3/2$ angular momentum states. For B=2, we find that the $j=1$ ground state has toroidal symmetry and a somewhat reduced localization compared to the classical solution. For B=4, where the classical Skyrmion has cubic symmetry, we construct cubically symmetric quantum states by combining the $j=0$ ground state with the lowest rotationally excited $j=4$ state. We use the rational map approximation to compare the classical and quantum baryon densities in the B=2 and B=4 cases.
description: 22 pages
Viability Analysis of Management Frameworks for Fisheries
Creators: name: Eisenack, K.
name: Scheffran, J.
name: Kropp, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93B03; 93B05; 93B11

description: The pressure on marine renewable resources has rapidly increased over past decades. The resulting scarcity has led to a variety of different control and surveillance instruments. Often they have not improved the current situation, mainly due to institutional failure and intrinsic uncertainties about the state of stocks. This contribution presents an assessment of different management schemes with respect to predefined constraints by utilizing viability theory. Our analysis is based on a bio-economic model which is examined as a dynamic control system in continuous time. Feasible development paths are discussed in detail. It is shown that participatory management may lead to serious problems if a purely resource-based management strategy is employed. The analysis suggests that a less risky management strategy can be implemented if limited data are available.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures
Opacity Driven Convection and Variability in Accretion Disks around Supermassive Black Holes
Creators: name: Jiang, Yan-Fei
name: Blaes, Omer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of accretion disks around supermassive black holes in the radial range $30\sim 100$ gravitational radii, using a three dimensional radiation magneto-hydrodynamic simulation. For typical conditions in this region of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), the Rosseland mean opacity is expected to be larger than the electron scattering value. We show that the iron opacity bump causes the disk to be convective unstable. Turbulence generated by convection puffs up the disk due to additional turbulent pressure support and enhances the local angular momentum transport. This also results in strong fluctuations in surface density and heating of the disk. The opacity drops with increasing temperature and convection is suppressed. The disk cools down and the whole process repeats again. This causes strong oscillations of the disk scale height and luminosity variations by more than a factor of $\approx 3-6$ over a few years' timescale. Since the iron opacity bump will move to different locations of the disk for black holes with different masses and accretion rates, we suggest that this is a physical mechanism that can explain the variability of AGN with a wide range of amplitudes over a time scale of years to decades.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, resubmitted after including the referee's comments
TRADE IN MINOR OILSEEDS: A SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER AND CANOLA
Creators: name: Johnson, D. Demcey
name: Satyanarayana, Vidyashankara
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
name: Dooley, Frank J.
name: Johnson, D. Demcey
name: Satyanarayana, Vidyashankara
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
name: Dooley, Frank J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: minor oilseeds
subject: sunflower
subject: canola
subject: trade.

description: A spatial-equilibrium model of trade in sunflower and canola (seed, oil, and meal) is used to assess alternative trade policy scenarios and their implications for North American producers. Simulations address effects of the U.S. SOAP program, NAFTA, the GATT agreement, EU supply restrictions, and tariffs in major import markets.
Biomechanical and strength factors underlying performance of the sit-to-stand task in persons with Parkinson's disease
Creators: name: Inkster, Lisa Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Purpose: Up to 80% of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) report having difficulty with rising from a chair. The purpose of this study was to 1) quantify how sit-to-stand (STS) performance differs between persons with PD and age-matched controls, and 2) determine if there is a relationship between lower extremity strength and performance of STS. Methods: Ten male subjects with PD (64.1 ± 10.1 years) and ten male age-matched controls (65.5 ± 12.4 years) participated. Subjects were instructed to rise from a backless, knee-height chair without the use of their arms. Subjects with PD were tested on two separate days in an on and off-medication state. Lower extremity and trunk movements and muscle activity (EMG) were recorded, in addition to forces under the buttocks and feet. A Kin-Com strength dynamometer was used to measure concentric, isokinetic knee and hip extensor torque. Paired t-test assessed differences between groups for 1) biomechanical parameters during the STS and 2) torque from the strength dynamometer. Pearson product correlations were used to assess the relationship between strength (torque) and STS performance (duration). Results: For the STS, the movement duration, EMG, joint-angles and joint moments (timing and magnitude) were similar between subjects with PD and controls except for a lower and earlier (prior to lift-off of the buttocks) peak knee extensor moment and absence of preparatory abdominal activity in subjects with PD. Hip and knee strength, as assessed by isokinetic torque, was generally lower for subjects with PD. Greater hip strength was related to better STS performance in subjects with PD and greater knee strength was related to better STS performance in controls. Conclusions: Lower extremity weakness, in addition to altered preparatory activity (early and low peak knee extensor moment and lack of abdominal activity) may contribute to the difficulties that individuals with PD have in rising from a chair. In addition, these findings suggest that performance of the STS task in subjects with PD is more dependent on the hip than on the knee strength.
Cost Analysis of Potential North Dakota Subterminal Systems
Creators: name: Chase, Craig A.
name: Helgeson, Delmer L.
name: Chase, Craig A.
name: Helgeson, Delmer L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Agribusiness

description: The purpose of this study was to analyze the cost structures associated with subterminal facilities. An economic-engineering approach was used to determine the construction and operation costs of four different sizes of subterminal facilities operating at three different plant capacities. Profitability of subterminals was determined mainly by the volume of grain handled. If a subterminal marketed enough grain, it was able to incur both decreasing average fixed and average variable costs. The larger subterminals were found to be more profitable than the smaller facilities indicating the existence of economies of size in both the fixed and variable cost components. Profitability can be dramatically increased given the availability of internal financing for the construction cost and nondepreciable fixed costs. Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute Report No.44
Latest Results on $g_1$ and $g_2$ at high $x$
Creators: name: Chen, Jian-ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress from Jefferson Lab has significantly improved our understanding of the nucleon spin structure in the high-$x$ region. Results of a precision measurement of the neutron spin asymmetry, $A_1^n$, in the high-$x$ (valence quark) region are discussed. The up and down quark spin distributions in the nucleon were extracted. $A_2^n$ was also measured. The results were used, in combination with existing data, to extract the second moment, $d_2^n$. Preliminary results on $A_1^p$ and $A_1^d$ in the high-$x$ region have also become available. Finally, the results of a precision measurement of the $g_2$ structure function to study higher twist effects will be presented.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the DIS2005 Proceedings (AIP)
Effect of the Weakened Heliosphere in Solar Cycle 24 on the Properties of Coronal Mass Ejections
Creators: name: Gopalswamy, N.
name: Akiyama, S.
name: Yashiro, S.
name: Michalek, G.
name: Xie, H.
name: Mäkelä, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar cycle (SC) 24 has come to an end by the end of 2019, providing information on two full cycles to understand the manifestations of SC 24, the smallest cycle in the Space Age that has resulted in a weak heliospheric state indicated by the reduced pressure. The backreaction of the heliospheric state is to make the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) appear physically bigger than in SC 23, but their magnetic content has been diluted resulting in a lower geoeffectiveness. The heliospheric magnetic field is also lower in SC 24, leading to the dearth of high-energy solar energetic particle (SEP) events. These space weather events closely follow fast and wide (FW) CMEs. All but FW CMEs are higher in number in SC 24. The CME rate vs. sunspot number (SSN) correlation is high in both cycles but the rate increases faster in SC 24. We revisit the study of limb CMEs (those with source regions within 30 degrees from the limb) previously studied over partial cycles. We find that limb CMEs are slower in SC 24 as in the general population but wider. Limb halo CMEs follow the same trend of slower SC-24 CMEs. However, the SC-24 CMEs become halos at a shorter distance from the Sun. Thus, slower CMEs becoming halos sooner is a clear indication of the backreaction of the weaker heliospheric state on CMEs. We can further pin down the heliospheric state as the reason for the altered CME properties because the associated flares have similar distributions in the two cycles, unaffected by the heliospheric state.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, to appear in the Proc. 19th International Astrophysics Conference held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, March 9 - 13, 2020
AVAILABILITY AND MARKET POTENTIAL ON NON-AGRICULTURAL BUSINESSES IN NORTH DAKOTA
Creators: name: Bhuyan, Sanjib
name: Cobia, David W.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Bhuyan, Sanjib
name: Cobia, David W.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: trade analysis
subject: market potential
subject: cooperatives
subject: non- agricultural

description: Many North Dakota communities find it financially difficult to provide or maintain such necessary services as public safety, water and sewer services, garbage disposal, grocery and retail stores, local credit, medical care and similar other services due to gradual decline in both population and businesses. Declining population also stresses the existing businesses as they compete for a shrinking customer base while the cost of operating a business is likely to be increasing. Cooperatively-owned businesses are means by which needed products and services can be provided at a reasonable cost and at the same time provide meaningful employment opportunities. Thus, the cooperative approach may provide an option for rural communities in North Dakota for influencing economic development efforts in their localities. In an attempt to identify specific businesses for cooperative development efforts in North Dakota, this study explores the availability and market potential of various non-agricultural businesses in retail, service, wholesale, and finance, insurance, and real estate sectors in the state. In addition, the potential of cooperation among communities, public entities, and private businesses was examined. The results of this study show that there are a considerable number of businesses in the state that have significant market potential for further growth, e.g., computer rent/lease and maintenance services in the service sector, and computer and software stores in the retail sector. Regarding the cooperative form of businesses in those business categories identified as having market potential, entrepreneurs who are individually unable to finance their business may solve their problem by forming a cooperative. In addition, there is scope for cooperation among existing businesses which want to reduce their operating cost and public entities and non-profit organizations that would like to provide their services at a reduced cost. There is ample evidence of on-going cooperation among various North Dakota communities and public entities to solve the problem of the high cost of providing public or government services. Such cooperation is encouraging because it may eventually lead to formation of cooperatives to provide goods and services in the state.
Domkirken. Likstein over ridder Bjørn Finnsson
Creators: name: Mathiesen, Henrik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1888
Subjects: Udefinert

description: Likstein over ridder Bjørn Finnsson.
description: Bruddstykke. Mathiesen skrev feil fornavn i registeret sitt: Paal Finnson. I følge bioka "Her hvilir.." av Øystein Ekroll, der liksteinen er gjengitt, s. 42, er riktig navn på ridderen Bjørn Finnsson.
Trondhjems bysegl. Kopi af Thorsens vrængebillede
Creators: name: Mathiesen, Henrik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1914
Subjects: Udefinert

description: Trondheims bysegl.
description: Tegning. Saga med billeder paa: Nov-90. Henrik Mathiesen, Trondhjems bysegl og vaaben; Dagsposten 28.11.1914.
Comparative Analysis of United States and Canadian Wheat Grades
Creators: name: Petry, Timothy A.
name: Anderson, Donald E.
name: Petry, Timothy A.
name: Anderson, Donald E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This report represents a continuation in the study of market development for hard red spring and durum wheat. A comparative analysis of United States and Canadian wheat grade standards was made to alert North Dakota wheat producers to recent changes in Canadian wheat grades and standards and to show how they compare with existing United States Grades and Standards.
Chiral Mass Splitting for c \bar{s} and c \bar{n} Mesons in the \tilde{U}(12)-Classification Scheme of Hadrons
Creators: name: Yamada, Kenji
name: Maeda, Tomohito
name: Ishida, Shin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the chiral mass splitting of parity-doubled J=0,1 states for c \bar{s} and c \bar{n} meson systems in the \tilde{U}(12)_{SF}-classification scheme of hadrons, using the linear sigma model to describe the light-quark pseudoscalar and scalar mesons together with the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry, and consequently predict the masses of as-yet-unobserved (0^{+},1^{+}) c \bar{n} mesons. We also mention some indications of their existence in the recent published data from the Belle and BABAR Collaborations.
description: 5 pages, 1 figures, talk at the 11th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 21-26 Aug 2005, to appear in the Proceedings
Digital data collection protocols and template design for an oral health survey of elite athletes in Ireland
Creators: name: Hughes, Annie
name: O’Sullivan, Michael
name: Winning, Lewis
name: Cassetti, Oscar
name: O’Sullivan, Aifric
name: Madigan, Sharon
name: Egan, Brendan
name: Crowe, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 321006
subject: Sport and exercise nutrition

description: Aim To design a digital template for form building, data collection and data management to assess the diet and oral health of elite athletes. Subject and methods A web-based open-source platform, KoboToolbox (KBTB), was used to aid design and manufacture of a digital data collection form for use in oral health surveys. KBTB frontend form builder was used to create a customised questionnaire. Dental charting systems for the chosen indices were designed using XLSForms, converted to XForm and uploaded to the KBTB interface to create a single form for digital data input. This template was used to collect data for a cross-sectional study investigating the diet and oral health of a convenience sample of elite athletes in Ireland. Results A digital data collection (DDC) form was designed for use in oral health surveys. The customised form was then used to collect data for a survey of 88 elite athletes on the KBTB platform. Dietary behaviours were recorded by the participants using KBTB. Following data collection, the dataset was downloaded from KBTB and cleaned for subsequent analysis. Conclusion The design of a versatile form and oral health questionnaire template using digital tools customised for elite athletes was useful for efficient, comprehensive field data collection. DDC tools are convenient for data form design, collection, and storage. This template can be easily modified for use by other researchers planning oral health surveys
IN-MIGRANTS TO NORTH DAKOTA: A SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE
Creators: name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Sell, Randall S.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Sell, Randall S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: in-migrants
subject: new residents
subject: socioeconomic characteristics
subject: North Dakota

description: This study describes basic socioeconomic characteristics of new residents to North Dakota, the factors motivating their move, and their satisfaction with the North Dakota communities where they live. Data came from a 1997 survey of more than 700 new residents. New residents who responded to the survey were generally younger than the North Dakota population overall; about two-thirds were between 21 and 40 years old. The educational level of the migrants was also higher than that of the state's population overall; 47 percent of the new residents were college graduates and an additional 35 percent reported some college or post-secondary vocational/trade school attendance. About 48 percent of the new residents had previous ties to North Dakota. The new residents most often mentioned the following reasons for moving to North Dakota: looking for a safer place to live (59.5%), closer to relatives (50%), quality of the natural environment (49.5%), lower cost of living (48%), outdoor recreational opportunities (38%), and quality of local grade/high schools (35%). New job opportunities or transfers were central to many new residents' decisions to relocate. About 65 percent of the new resident households indicated that a new job or business opportunity, a transfer by a current employer, or a military transfer had been a key factor influencing their decision to move. Following their move to North Dakota, about 67 percent of respondents and 69 percent of their spouses or partners were employed full-time, while 12 percent of respondents and 11 percent of spouses were employed part-time. About 30 percent of the new residents moved to North Dakota alone, while 70 percent moved with others. About 66 percent moved with a spouse or partner and 40 percent moved with children. About 41 percent owned their current home, 45 percent rented, and 14 percent reported other housing arrangements. Household incomes covered a broad range, with about 30 percent reporting an income of $20,000 or less the first year after moving while 23 percent had incomes over $50,000. Most of the new residents had a number of telecommunications and computer-related capabilities available in their homes. Almost 99 percent had touch tone telephones, 96 percent had VCR players, 85 percent had telephone answering machines, 58 percent had personal computers, and 45 percent had computer modems. About 9 percent reported that the telephone service available to their home would limit the use of some telecommunications services or capabilities, and this percentage was more than twice as high in rural communities (15.5%) compared to urban centers (7%).
On the future of Gamma-Ray Burst Cosmology
Creators: name: Mortsell, E.
name: Sollerman, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the understanding that the enigmatic Gamma-Ray Burts (GRBs) are beamed explosions, and with the recently discovered ``Ghirlanda-relation'', the dream of using GRBs as cosmological yardsticks may have come a few steps closer to reality. Assuming the Ghirlanda-relation is real, we have investigated possible constraints on cosmological parameters using a simulated future sample of a large number of GRBs inspired by the ongoing SWIFT mission. Comparing with constraints from a future sample of Type Ia supernovae, we find that GRBs are not efficient in constraining the amount of dark energy or its equation of state. The main reason for this is that very few bursts are available at low redshifts.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, matches version accepted for publication in JCAP
Detecting Optimization Bugs in Database Engines via Non-Optimizing Reference Engine Construction
Creators: name: Rigger, Manuel
name: Su, Zhendong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Database Management Systems (DBMS) are used ubiquitously. To efficiently access data, they apply sophisticated optimizations. Incorrect optimizations can result in logic bugs, which cause a query to compute an incorrect result set. We propose Non-Optimizing Reference Engine Construction (NoREC), a fully-automatic approach to detect optimization bugs in DBMS. Conceptually, this approach aims to evaluate a query by an optimizing and a non-optimizing version of a DBMS, to then detect differences in their returned result set, which would indicate a bug in the DBMS. Obtaining a non-optimizing version of a DBMS is challenging, because DBMS typically provide limited control over optimizations. Our core insight is that a given, potentially randomly-generated optimized query can be rewritten to one that the DBMS cannot optimize. Evaluating this unoptimized query effectively corresponds to a non-optimizing reference engine executing the original query. We evaluated NoREC in an extensive testing campaign on four widely-used DBMS, namely PostgreSQL, MariaDB, SQLite, and CockroachDB. We found 159 previously unknown bugs in the latest versions of these systems, 141 of which have been fixed by the developers. Of these, 51 were optimization bugs, while the remaining were error and crash bugs. Our results suggest that NoREC is effective, general and requires little implementation effort, which makes the technique widely applicable in practice.
description: Accepted at the 28th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE '20)
The Impact of Experience and Consumer Perceptions on Perceived Risk Reduction Behavior - The Case of Beef
Creators: name: McCarthy, Mary
name: McCarthy, Mary
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Beef
subject: safety
subject: risk perceptions
subject: Ireland

description: This research examines perceived risk at the facet level (Psychological, Social, Performance, Safety, Health and Financial) and assesses the influence of consumer experience and perception of self (perceived ability, interest in product and interest in cooking), product (perceived product consistency), and environment (perceived confidence in the independent butcher) on these facets. It can be concluded that the influence of experience and perceptions varies by facet. However, perceived ability, confidence in the independent butcher and interest in beef were significant determinants of perceived risk for most risk facets while cooking interest, perceived consistency and experience were more risk facet specific. In the second section of this paper the use of risk relievers is considered. It is clear that consumer experience and perceptions also influence the level of use of risk relievers, for example those with more experience, who believe beef is consistent and are confident in their ability to select beef tend to use location more than others. It was concluded that the person's views of themselves, of the product and of the purchase environment have a direct effect on their information search activity even for a relatively low involvement product.
Ionization States and Plasma Structures of Mixed-morphology SNRs Observed with ASCA
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Masahiro T.
name: Ozaki, Masanobu
name: Nagase, Fumiaki
name: Inoue, Hajime
name: Petre, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a systematic study using ASCA of the ionization state for six ``mixed-morphology'' supernova emnants (MMSNRs): IC 443, W49B, W28, W44, 3C391, and Kes 27. MMSNRs show centrally filled thermal X-ray emission, which contrasts to shell-like radio morphology, a set of haracteristics at odds with the standard model of SNR evolution (e.g., the Sedov model). We have therefore studied the evolution of the MMSNRs from the ionization conditions inferred from the X-ray spectra, independent of X-ray morphology. We find highly ionized plasmas approaching ionization equilibrium in all the mmsnrs. The degree of ionization is systematically higher than the plasma usually seen in shell-like SNRs. Radial temperature gradients are also observed in five remnants, with cooler plasma toward the limb. In IC 443 and W49B, we find a plasma structure consistent with shell-like SNRs, suggesting that at least some MMSNRs have experienced similar evolution to shell-like SNRs. In addition to the results above, we have discovered an ``overionized'' ionization state in W49B, in addition to that previously found in IC 443. Thermal conduction can cause the hot interior plasma to become overionized by reducing the temperature and density gradients, leading to an interior density increase and temperature decrease. Therefore, we suggest that the ``center-filled'' X-ray morphology develops as the result of thermal conduction, and should arise in all SNRs. This is consistent with the results that MMSNRs are near collisional ionization equilibrium since the conduction timescale is roughly similar to the ionization timescale. Hence, we conclude that MMSNRs are those that have evolved over$\sim10^4$ yr. We call this phase as the ``conduction phase.''
description: 34 pages, 20 figures, 9 tables, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Determining Educational Needs: A Focus Group Approach
Creators: name: Eberspacher, Beth
name: Jose, H. Douglas
name: Eberspacher, Beth
name: Jose, H. Douglas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: focus groups
subject: risk management
subject: education needs
subject: labor
subject: marketing
subject: human risk

description: The first step in planning and delivering a successful program is to identify the needs and interests of the target audience. The North Central Risk Management Education Center, which provides grants for educational programs for producers in the 12 north central states in the US, conducted a series of focus groups with producers. The goals of the focus groups were to: 1) determine the impact of funded programs; 2) assess risk management education needs of producers; 3) assess preferred delivery methods; and 4) determine program characteristics that will enhance participation. The participants had an average age of 45 which is about 12 years younger than the average age of all farmers. With 1,861 acres of owned and rented land, they had slightly larger operations than the average producer. Labor availability and management was the most common educational concern. Marketing of traditional commodities continues to be a high priority. Related priorities were developing value-added businesses and developing niche markets for new products and farm-related services. Associated concerns were liability insurance needs, reliable supply of needed inputs and government regulations involved in new enterprises. In terms of disseminating information on education programs, direct mail delivery is preferred as email may not be checked regularly in busy periods. Mailings should be directed to both husbands and wives. Program fees are not only acceptable but are viewed as an indicator of quality and credible information.
Signatures of secondary acceleration in neutrino flares
Creators: name: Guépin, Claire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy neutrino flares are interesting prospective counterparts to photon flares, as their detection would guarantee the presence of accelerated hadrons within a source, provide precious information about cosmic-ray acceleration and interactions, and thus impact the subsequent modeling of non-thermal emissions in explosive transients. In these sources, photomeson production can be efficient, producing a large amount of secondary particles, such as charged pions and muons, that decay and produce high-energy neutrinos. Before their decay, secondary particles can experience energy losses and acceleration, which can impact high-energy neutrino spectra and thus affect their detectability. In this work, we focus on the impact of secondary acceleration. We consider a one zone model, characterized mainly by a variability timescale $t_{\rm var}$, a luminosity $L_{\rm bol}$, a bulk Lorentz factor $Γ$. The mean magnetic field $B$ is deduced from these parameters. The photon field is modeled by a broken power-law. This generic model allows to evaluate systematically the maximum energy of high-energy neutrinos in the parameter space of explosive transients, and shows that it could be strongly affected by secondary acceleration for a large number of source categories. In order to determine the impact of secondary acceleration on the high-energy neutrino spectrum and in particular on its peak energy and flux, we complement these estimates by several case studies. We show that secondary acceleration can increase the maximum neutrino flux, and produce a secondary peak at the maximum energy in the case of efficient acceleration. Secondary acceleration could therefore enhance the detectability of very-high-energy neutrinos, that will be the target of next generation neutrino detectors such as KM3NeT, IceCube-Gen2, POEMMA or GRAND.
description: 12 pages, 4 figues, submitted to A&A
A model of the ball lightning
Creators: name: Ignatovich, Vladimir K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ball lightning is supposed to be a shock wave of a point explosion frozen with electrostriction forces of the internal strong laser discharge. The life time of the ball with modest parameters is calculated.
description: 10 pages, 2 figure. 06.09.11 I improved it V.K.Ignatovich "Neutron stars without gravity" in: Neutron Spectroscopy, Nuclear Structure, Related Topics; ISINN-12 Dubna May26-29, JINR 2004, pp. 117-132; V.K. Ignatovich Neutron stars without gravity. Proceedings of the XXXVII-VIII winter school in PINPI on Physics of atomic nuclei and elementary particles, St.Petersburg, 2004, pp. 446-466
Trends in the Irish Beef Market During the 1990s - Identification and Analysis of Change Drivers
Creators: name: O'Reilly, Seamus
name: McCarthy, Mary
name: O'Reilly, Seamus
name: McCarthy, Mary
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Irish beef consumption
subject: price
subject: food safety
subject: quality
subject: supply chain

description: This paper provides a brief review of the Irish beef market during the 1990s. It sets out to identify the key factors influencing beef consumption during this period and reviews industry/ government response to consumer needs. A number of factors influencing beef consumption are identified, including: price, safety, eating quality and health. In addition to price competitiveness, industry/government response has focused on safety and quality systems. Safety emerged as an important factor during the 1990s and various traceability, quality assurance schemes and supply chain partnerships were established to reassure the consumer. By the end of the decade such systems are a pre-requisite to market entry and increasingly the focus is on using these systems to develop and deliver product attributes demanded by target markets, improve quality and reduce costs. Increasingly, customers along the supply chain are focusing on supplier processes rather than product and thus less effort will be on product testing and more attention will be given to process auditing. In this way a customer can engage in a more strategic approach to purchasing. It is argued that future system development will evolve from a control/inspection orientation to systems focused on quality management and improvement that support competitiveness.
Uncertainty, Monogamy, and Locking of Quantum Correlations
Creators: name: Christandl, Matthias
name: Winter, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Squashed entanglement and entanglement of purification are quantum mechanical correlation measures and defined as certain minimisations of entropic quantities. We present the first non-trivial calculations of both quantities. Our results lead to the conclusion that both measures can drop by an arbitrary amount when only a single qubit of a local system is lost. This property is known as "locking" and has previously been observed for other correlation measures, such as the accessible information, entanglement cost and the logarithmic negativity. In the case of squashed entanglement, the results are obtained with the help of an inequality that can be understood as a quantum channel analogue of well-known entropic uncertainty relations. This inequality may prove a useful tool in quantum information theory. The regularised entanglement of purification is known to equal the entanglement needed to prepare a many copies of quantum state by local operations and a sublinear amount of communication. Here, monogamy of quantum entanglement (i.e., the impossibility of a system being maximally entangled with two others at the same time) leads to an exact calculation for all quantum states that are supported either on the symmetric or on the antisymmetric subspace of a dxd-dimensional system.
description: 7 pages revtex4, no figures. v2 has improved presentation and a couple of references added
Health care utilization among women who have undergone breast implant surgery
Creators: name: Spigelman, S. Aleina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Background: Women have long used breast implants to enhance their bust-lines or replace what was stolen by cancer or disease. This study, rather than investigating health outcomes, focuses on the issue of health care utilization and tests the hypothesis that receiving breast implants results in increased use of the public health system. Methods: Data were collected for a study cohort of 147 women who have undergone breast implant surgery and a non-implant comparison group of 583 women matched by birth cohort and geographic region. The data were extracted from the B.C. linked datasets. Outcome variables such as doctor's visits, specialist visits, number of hospitalizations, level of care in hospital and days of care in hospital were examined over the 11-year period from 1988/89 to 1998/99. Wilcoxon rank sum tests, chi-square tests and odds ratios were performed to analyze these data. Data were also collected from questionnaires completed by the women in the study group. These questionnaires collected additional implant information (e.g., type of implant, length of implantation) and lifestyle information (e.g., smoking, alcoholic drinks, exercise, marital status, number of children). Results: Statistical analyses showed that women who have or have had breast implants did experience more hospitalizations and did visit doctors and specialists significantly more than women who had not undergone implantation surgery. Women with implants were more likely to be admitted to hospital (OR = 4.26, 95% CI = 2.58, 7.02). They were more likely to be admitted electively (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.50, 2.39) and less likely to be admitted as an urgent case (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.46, 0.78) or emergency case (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.35, 0.79). Survey information showed that, despite some limited relationships, neither lifestyle nor implant factors accounted for the increased health care utilization. Length of implantation resulted in decreased hospitali2ations, indicating a greater need for short-term hospital care, such as that associated with local breast-implant complications. Conclusion: Breast implant surgery does result in increased use of the public health care system. Further investigation is needed to determine the causal mechanism.
Nematic liquid crystals at rough and fluctuating interfaces
Creators: name: Elgeti, Jens
name: Schmid, Friederike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nematic liquid crystals at rough and fluctuating interfaces are analyzed within the Frank elastic theory and the Landau-de Gennes theory. We study specifically interfaces that locally favor planar anchoring. In the first part we reconsider the phenomenon of Berreman anchoring on fixed rough surfaces, and derive new simple expressions for the corresponding azimuthal anchoring energy. Surprisingly, we find that for strongly aligning surfaces, it depends only on the geometrical surface anisotropy and the bulk elastic constants, and not on the precise values of the chemical surface parameters. In the second part, we calculate the capillary waves at nematic-isotropic interfaces. If one neglects elastic interactions, the capillary wave spectrum is characterized by an anisotropic interfacial tension. With elastic interactions, the interfacial tension, i.e. the coefficient of the leading $q^2$ term of the capillary wave spectrum, becomes isotropic. However, the elastic interactions introduce a strongly anisotropic {\em cubic} $q^3$ term. The amplitudes of capillary waves are largest in the direction perpendicular to the director. These results are in agreement with previous molecular dynamics simul
description: to appear in European Physical Journal E
Phase-space mixing and the merging of cusps
Creators: name: Dehnen, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collisionless stellar systems are driven towards equilibrium by mixing of phase-space elements. I show that the excess-mass function D(f)= int_{F(x,v)>f} (F(x,v)-f) d^3x d^3v (with F(x,v) the coarse-grained distribution function) always decreases on mixing. D(f) gives the excess mass from values of F(x,v))>f. This novel form of the mixing theorem extends the maximum phase-space density argument to all values of f. The excess-mass function can be computed from N-body simulations and is additive: the excess mass of a combination of non-overlapping systems is the sum of their individual D(f). I propose a novel interpretation for the coarse-grained distribution function, which avoids conceptual problems with the mixing theorem. As an example application, I show that for self-gravitating cusps (rho propto r^{-gamma} as r->0) the excess mass D propto f^{-2(3-gamma)/(6-gamma)} as f->oo, i.e. steeper cusps are less mixed than shallower ones, independent of the shape of surfaces of constant density or details of the distribution function (e.g. anisotropy). This property, together with the additivity of D(f) and the mixing theorem, implies that a merger remnant cannot have a cusp steeper than the steepest of its progenitors. Furthermore, I argue that the remnant's cusp should not be shallower either, implying that the steepest cusp always survives.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures (Fig1 at somewhat lower resolution), accepted for publication in MNRAS