cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Compact Lyman-alpha Emitting Candidates at z~2.4 in Deep Medium-band HST WFPC2 Images
Creators: name: Pascarelle, Sebastian M.
name: Windhorst, Rogier A.
name: Keel, William C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Medium-band imaging with HST/WFPC2 in the F410M filter has previously revealed a population of compact Lyman-alpha emission objects around the radio galaxy 53W002 at z~2.4. We report detections of similar objects at z~2.4 in random, high-latitude HST parallel observations of three additional fields, lending support to the idea that they constitute a widespread population at these redshifts. The three new fields contain 18 Lyman-alpha candidates, in contrast to the 17 detected in the deeper exposure of the single WFPC2 field around 53W002. We find substantial differences in the number of candidates from field to field, suggesting that significant large-scale structure is already present in the galaxy distribution at this cosmic epoch. The likely existence of z~2.4 sub-galactic clumps in several random fields shows that these objects may have been common in the early universe and strengthens the argument that such objects may be responsible for the formation of a fraction of the luminous present-day galaxies through hierarchical merging.
description: Uses slightly modified AASTeX preprint style file (included). Contains 22 pages, including 5 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for the December issue of the Astronomical Journal
Investigating the Accuracy and Completeness of an Artificial Intelligence Large Language Model About Uveitis: An Evaluation of ChatGPT
Creators: name: Marshall, Rayna F.
name: Mallem, Krishna
name: Xu, Hannah
name: Thorne, Jennifer
name: Burkholder, Bryn
name: Chaon, Benjamin
name: Liberman, Paulina
name: Berkenstock, Meghan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: To assess the accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT-generated answers regarding uveitis description, prevention, treatment, and prognosis. Thirty-two uveitis-related questions were generated by a uveitis specialist and inputted into ChatGPT 3.5. Answers were compiled into a survey and were reviewed by five uveitis specialists using standardized Likert scales of accuracy and completeness. In total, the median accuracy score for all the uveitis questions (n = 32) was 4.00 (between “more correct than incorrect” and “nearly all correct”), and the median completeness score was 2.00 (“adequate, addresses all aspects of the question and provides the minimum amount of information required to be considered complete”). The interrater variability assessment had a total kappa value of 0.0278 for accuracy and 0.0847 for completeness. ChatGPT can provide relatively high accuracy responses for various questions related to uveitis; however, the answers it provides are incomplete, with some inaccuracies. Its utility in providing medical information requires further validation and development prior to serving as a source of uveitis information for patients.
Cosmological Implications of Galaxy Cluster Evolution
Creators: name: Tsai, John C.
name: Buote, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze with hydrodynamical simulations the evolution of galaxy clusters in a cosmological environment. Power ratios (Buote \& Tsai 1995) are used to quantitatively relate cluster morphologies to their dynamical states. The simulated clusters follow the same ``evolutionary track'' obeyed by a sample of low-redshift $(z<0.2)$ ROSAT PSPC clusters (Buote \& Tsai 1996) indicating that the detailed evolution of individual simulated clusters is consistent with observed clusters. However, the distribution of simulated clusters (for $Ω=1$ standard Cold Dark Matter) along the evolutionary track at the present epoch, which indicates a measure of the present balance of cluster formation and relaxation rates, suggests that there are too many simulated clusters with significant amounts of substructure to be consistent with the observations, thus favoring a lower value of $Ω$. Perpendicular to the evolutionary track the distributions of observed and simulated clusters are consistent which may indicate a success of the cosmological model (e.g., power spectrum). Analysis of high-redshift simulated clusters suggests that the distribution of clusters both along and perpendicular to the evolutionary track is effectively constant from $z\sim 0.6$ to the present but changes significantly for $z > 0.6$.
description: 25 pages (AASTeX v3.0) with 13 figures, to appear in MNRAS; complete paper, with full resolution versions of figs 1-3, may be obtained at http://space.mit.edu/~dbuote/PAPERS/hydroprs.ps.gz; revised version omits section on the 0.5 Mpc aperture and includes some points of clarification in response to the referee's comments
The effect of specific additives on the lubrication efficiency of IF-WS2 nanoparticle suspensions
Creators: name: Kratky, Ales
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Inorganic lamellar solid particles, for example molybdenum disulphide, have been used as solid additives in lubricants to improve their friction and wear properties. Recently, inorganic fullerene-like materials (IFLM) of metal dichalcogenides with a closed-cage structure have been synthesized. It has been shown that mechanical dispersion of IFLM nanoparticles in mineral and synthetic base oils gives benefits of low friction coefficient and wear and the benefits are superior to those of lamellar solids. The IFLMs positive effect on the oils performance was attributed to rolling mechanism and to their mechanical degradation. The aim of the thesis is to extend knowledge of inorganic tungsten disulphide (IFWS2) nanoparticles behaviour through study of their interactions with other additives in prepared oils. The investigation of the IF-WS2 lubrication efficiency had several major objectives. These were: to evaluate effect of various sliding-rolling ratios and temperatures, to classify the IF-WS2 from the point of view of additive groups and to evaluate the nature of interactions between specific additives and the nanoparticles. Lubrication efficiency of IF-WS2 nanoparticles dispersed in oils was evaluated on tribo-rigs with ball-on-disc configuration at a wide range of operating conditions. For the testing of oils with IF-WS2 Mini Traction Machine (MTM) and High-Frequency Reciprocating (HFRR) rigs were employed. Standard highly polished specimens made of AISI M52100 steel were used. In addition, Elastohydrodynamic (EHL) rig was utilised for film thickness measurements. One of the major outcomes of this work was establishing a positive effect of elevated temperature on IF-WS2 dispersion, friction and wear behaviour. Also, a certain sulphuric extreme pressure additive improved IF-WS2 dispersion properties, which was attributed to a synergistic reaction between these two additives. Moreover, the tribological performance of the nanosuspension was found to be improved by addition of stearic acid under moderate conditions, where nanoparticles show no contribution. Study of interactions between ZDDP and the nanoparticles has shown superior performance of the ZDDP solution compared to the nanosuspension under given conditions.
DigitalHub - a living record of scholarly output
Creators: name: Ilik, Violeta
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Repository
subject: RDF
subject: OWL
subject: RDF (Document markup language)
subject: Ontologies (Information retrieval)
subject: Digital libraries--United States
subject: Information Storage and Retrieval

description: Presentation given at the Fedora Users Group meeting in Chicago, IL on October 22, 2015.
ACE-inhibition and skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Shrikrishnapalasuriyar, Dinesh
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: This thesis addresses the impact of quadriceps wasting and physical inactivity across disease severity (GOLD stages I-IV) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and assesses the influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibition on quadriceps dysfunction in these patients. In a cross-sectional study of 161 COPD patients, ultrasound measurement of rectus femoris cross-sectional area was reduced in mild as well as advanced disease when compared to controls. Daily physical activity, measured using an armband accelerometer, was reduced in COPD subjects across all GOLD stages compared to controls. Physical activity was independently associated with quadriceps wasting in GOLD stage I, but not stage II-IV disease where residual volume to total lung capacity ratio was the only independent predictor of activity level. This data suggests that quadriceps wasting is not an end-stage phenomenon in COPD and highlights the need for early identification of these patients to guide lifestyle and therapeutic interventions. The effect of the ACE-inhibitor, fosinopril on quadriceps dysfunction in COPD was then investigated in a double-blind randomised controlled trial of 80 COPD patients with quadriceps weakness. Despite a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and serum ACE activity in the treatment group compared to placebo, no significant differences were observed at 3 months in the primary outcome of non-volitional quadriceps endurance. Quadriceps strength improved in both groups, but there was a greater increase in the placebo arm. No significant changes were observed in mid-thigh cross-sectional area or incremental shuttle walk distance. The trial also assessed the effect of ACE-inhibition on vastus lateralis atrogene expression in COPD, with no significant differences observed between groups. In conclusion, although evidence from observational cohorts suggest a role for the renin-angiotensin system in the control of muscle phenotype, data from this thesis found that ACE-inhibition did not improve quadriceps function in a COPD population with quadriceps weakness.
Modelling the aquisition of travel information and its influence on travel behaviour
Creators: name: Maréchal, Séverine
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: This thesis contributes to the wider literature on the provision of travel information, and the associated response in travel patterns, by considering the acquisition of information sources as a choice, investigating its role in the choice of travel, and jointly modelling both behaviours. A novel conceptual framework is developed that considers both information and travel in a joint portfolio choice. An implementation framework is consequently formulated based on important assumptions, and two application contexts are defined. First, the strategic decision of acquiring information is considered for the first time as a consumption of a portfolio of information sources. Second, in disrupted travel conditions, the tactical decision to access information sources is conditioned in its choice set by alternatives that were strategically chosen. A revealed-preference survey instrument is innovatively developed to collect a rich and unique dataset about how travellers in the London public transport network acquire and use travel information and how they react to disrupted conditions on their usual commute. In the strategic context, results from the empirical study provide insights into individual’s satiation with specific information sources based on the frequency of use, and the effect of cognitive costs. In the tactical context, the results highlight commuters’ preferences for a combination of sources, in respect to the importance of delay amplitude and previous travel experience, the accuracy, and monetary and cognitive costs of sources, as well as the attitudinal motivation for seeking information. Travel responses are not demographic dependent, but are linked to corroboration of the information and the use of specific combinations of sources. Different applications of the models illustrate the impacts of those factors on travel behaviour and information acquisition. They emphasize useful contributions for service providers when envisaging information use, and for public transport operators and planners when predicting traveller response.
CFD modelling of chalcopyrite heap leaching
Creators: name: Cai, Liping
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Heap leaching is widely applied to recover metals from ore. The behaviour of the fluid and chemical species inside heaps, which involves many coupled physico-chemical phenomena, are highly variable and complex. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation can provide an efficient approach to investigate these phenomena and offer guidelines to improve heap design. Stagnant zones exist in the packed bed with multiphase flow, however, the conventional advection-dispersion model (ADE) failed to capture this phenomenon, therefore, the mobile immobile model (MIM) is employed to model the mass transport and heat transfer instead of the conventional ADE. For predicting the mineral dissolution in heap leaching, we developed a new semi-empirical model which is an alternative to the traditional shrinking core model (SCM), but is more flexible in ability to fit with various dissolution kinetics profiles. The key assumption of this semi-empirical model is validated, and it is calibrated with experiments for chalcopyrite leaching. The software Fluidity, which is an unstructured mesh based finite element/control finite volume modelling, is further developed to implement the reactive mass transport and heat transfer simulation for heap leaching. The numerical schemes for multiphase flow models are control volume finite element method (CVFEM) for spacial discretization and the implicit pressure explicit saturation algorithm (IMPES) for temporal discretization. The mass transport and heat transfer equations are solved implicitly by using the control volume method.\ Before the implementation of various heap leaching simulations, the MIM is validated by experiments and the liquid-solid phase heat transfer models are verified by method of manufactured solution (MMS). Then the reactive transport model for chalcopyrite leaching, which includes the semi-empirical model for predictions of mineral dissolution, is validated by three separate experiments. Various heap leaching simulations are implemented to analyse the leaching performance and efficiency. Four groups of 1D simulations are implemented to evaluate the effects of the bacterial activity, the form of the mass transport model, solution temperature, 〖Fe〗^(3+) concentrations and solution pH on the leaching system. The large scale 2D simulations for leaching with a heap of trapezoid shape were implemented to evaluate the effects of oblique walls on the leaching performance. There different wall slopes, which are 30℃, 45℃ and 60℃, are investigated in the 2D simulations. The main contribution of this project is that a new semi-empirical model and the mobile immobile model are developed and integrated into a chalcopyrite leaching simulator, the simulation results of those models approach to the real physical world better than the conventional models. In conclusion, an improved numerical scheme is provided in this project to investigate and optimise the process of chalcopyrite leaching for industrial purpose.
Theoretical and computational studies of extreme-size dust in plasmas
Creators: name: Stavrou, Christos
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The effects of spherical particles (“dust grains”) in plasmas are investigated. The importance of dust grains in plasmas is highlighted, especially with regards to fusion energy production in magnetically confined plasmas. The investigation focuses on dust grains that are at the extremes of scale compared to the Debye length. Large dust grains, i.e. dust grains much larger than the Debye length, are investigated by the use of a simple fluid model, which is similar to compressible gas dynamics. Professor John Allen was the first to draw attention to the similarity of the model to compressible fluid dynamics in his 2007 paper [Allen, 2007]. The equations derived, which resemble those of compressible fluid dynamics are solved numerically with the help of a code written specifically for this purpose. The results are similar to PIC code results, with some differences in the shape of the downstream disturbance; more specifically, the downstream disturbance generated by our code is more elliptical than conical, and similar to the disturbance caused by a sphere in neutral fluids at moderate Reynolds numbers. This is to be contrasted with the results in the literature which are conical in shape, especially for low values of tau (Ti / Te). This may be an indication that the difference in shape is due to the ion pressure or the electron inertia, both of which we are neglecting in our assumptions. Small dust grains are investigated using a kinetic model. The model is a continuation and evolution of the model used by Filippov [Filippov et al, 2007], to include plasma flow. The equations of the model are solved analytically and the results reveal the presence of upstream structures, even in the case of supersonic flow, a result not commented on before in the relevant literature. The work also reviews relevant analytic theories, such as ABR and OML. ABR is extended by the author to include finding the geometrical width of the sheath. This extension, if confirmed, could be used for predicting the position of the sheath edge in relation to the dust grain. In addition, the work on deriving the Bohm criterion for a spherical dust grain is investigated, using a similar approach to the one taken in the literature for a planar wall. The result indicates that there is no such limitation in the spherical case.
The mean density of the Universe from cluster evolution
Creators: name: Blanchard, Alain
name: Bartlett, James G.
name: Sadat, Rachida
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The determination of the mean density of the Universe is a long standing problem of modern cosmology. The number density evolution of x-ray clusters at a fixed temperature is a powerful cosmological test, new in nature (Oukbir and Blanchard, 1992), somewhat different from standard analyses based on the dynamical measurement of individual objects. However, the absence of any available sample of x-ray selected clusters with measured temperatures at high redshift has prevented this test from being applied earlier. Recently, temperature measurements of ten EMSS clusters at $0.3 \le z \le 0.4$ have allowed the application of this test (Henry, 1997). In this work, we present the first results of a new analysis we have performed of this data set as well as a new estimation of the local temperature distribution function of clusters: a likelihood analysis of the temperature distribution functions gives a preferred value for the mean density of the universe which corresponds to 75% of the critical density. An open model with a density smaller than 30% of the critical density is rejected with a level of significance of 95%.
description: 4 pages, shortened. To be published in Les Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences
Mass Estimates of X-Ray Clusters
Creators: name: Evrard, August E.
name: Metzler, Christopher A.
name: Navarro, Julio F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use cosmological gas dynamic simulations to investigate the accuracy of galaxy cluster mass estimates based on X-ray observations. The experiments follow the formation of clusters in different cosmological models and include the effects of gravity, pressure gradients, and hydrodynamical shocks. A subset of our ensemble also allows for feedback of mass and energy from galactic winds into the intracluster medium. We find that mass estimates based on the hydrostatic, isothermal beta-model are remarkably accurate when evaluated at radii where the cluster mean density is between 500-2500 times the critical density. Applied to 174 artificial ROSAT images constructed from the simulations, the distribution of the estimated-to-true mass ratio is nearly unbiased and has a standard deviation of 14-29%. The scatter can be considerably reduced (to 8-15%) by using an alternative mass estimator that exploits the tightness of the mass-temperature relation found in the simulations. The improvement over beta-model estimates is due to the elimination of the variance contributed by the gas outer slope parameter. We discuss these findings and their implications for recent measurements of cluster baryon fractions.
description: TeX, 24p; 11 Postscript figs. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
Propensity rules in photoelectron circular dichroism in chiral molecules II: General picture
Creators: name: Ordonez, Andres F.
name: Smirnova, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoelectron circular dichroism results from one-photon ionization of chiral molecules by circularly polarized light and manifests itself in forward-backward asymmetry of electron emission in the direction orthogonal to the light polarization plane. To expose the physical mechanism responsible for asymmetric electron ejection, we first establish a rigorous relation between the responses of unaligned and partially or perfectly aligned molecules. Next, we identify a propensity field, which is responsible for the chiral response in the electric-dipole approximation, i.e. a chiral response without magnetic interactions. We find that this propensity field, up to notations, is equivalent to the Berry curvature in a two-band solid. The propensity field directly encodes optical propensity rules, extending our conclusions regarding the role of propensity rules in defining the sign of forward-backward asymmetry from the specific case of chiral hydrogen to generic chiral systems. Optical propensity rules underlie the chiral response in photoelectron circular dichroism. The enantiosensitive flux of the propensity field through the sphere in momentum space determines the forward-backward asymmetry in unaligned molecules and suggests a geometrical origin of the chiral response. This flux has opposite sign for opposite enantiomers and vanishes for achiral molecules.
description: Added Fig. 4, Added Table 1, shortened section 4
Propensity rules in photoelectron circular dichroism in chiral molecules I: Chiral hydrogen
Creators: name: Ordonez, Andres F.
name: Smirnova, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoelectron circular dichroism results from one-photon ionization of chiral molecules by circularly polarized light and manifests itself in forward-backward asymmetry of electron emission in the direction orthogonal to the light polarization plane. What is the physical mechanism underlying asymmetric electron ejection? How "which way" information builds up in a chiral molecule and maps into forward-backward asymmetry? We introduce instances of bound chiral wave functions resulting from stationary superpositions of states in a hydrogen atom and use them to show that the chiral response in one-photon ionization of aligned molecular ensembles originates from two propensity rules: (i) Sensitivity of ionization to the sense of electron rotation in the polarization plane. (ii) Sensitivity of ionization to the direction of charge displacement or stationary current orthogonal to the polarization plane. In the companion paper we show how the ideas presented here are part of a broader picture valid for all chiral molecules and arbitrary degrees of molecular alignment.
description: Merged Secs. 1 and 2 into a single Sec. 1, shortened Sec. 4 (now Sec. 3), added Fig. 11, improved Sec. 5 (now Sec. 4)
Exploring K-12 Physical Education Teachers' Perspectives on Opportunities and Challenges of AI Integration Through Ideation Workshops
Creators: name: Ahn, Dakyeom
name: Lim, Hajin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While AI's potential in education and professional sports is widely recognized, its application in K-12 physical education (PE) remains underexplored with significant opportunities for innovation. This study aims to address this gap by engaging 17 in-service secondary school PE teachers in group ideation workshops to explore potential AI applications and challenges in PE classes. Participants envisioned AI playing multidimensional roles, such as an operational assistant, personal trainer, group coach, and evaluator, as solutions to address unique instructional and operational challenges in K-12 PE classes. These roles reflected participants' perspectives on how AI could enhance class management, deliver personalized feedback, promote balanced team activities, and streamline performance assessments. Participants also highlighted critical considerations for AI integration, including the need to ensure robust student data security and privacy measures, minimize the risk of over-reliance on AI for instructional decisions, and accommodate the varying levels of technological proficiency among PE teachers. Our findings provide valuable insights and practical guidance for AI developers, educators, and policymakers, offering a foundation for the effective integration of AI into K-12 PE curricula to enhance teaching practices and student outcomes.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Room temperature spin crossover in molecular and polymeric materials
Creators: name: Bovo, Gianluca
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Spin crossover materials represent a remarkable model of molecular spin switching, where a transition between low spin and high spin configurations can be reversibly triggered by suitable external stimuli and is often accompanied by a hysteresis of various physical properties, holding potential for application in memory devices and optical switches. This thesis work investigates the thermal spin crossover behaviour of a class of Fe(II)-triazole polymers where the chemical properties can be tailored to achieve solubility in common solvents and one mononuclear Fe(II) complex deemed suitable for thermal evaporation. A broad spectrum of experimental techniques including magnetic, optical, calorimetric and structural assessments are applied to characterise the spin crossover phenomena in powders, thick films and pellets, highlighting the impact of the molecular environment and the effects of the processing methods on the spin switching. Additionally, thermal expansion measurements with a capacitance dilatometer provide a macroscopic evaluation of the mechanical changes associated with the transitions, which mirror the expansion/contraction of the Fe coordination sphere at the molecular level. Solution processing and vacuum deposition of the materials further enables the preparation and study of stable thin films, better suited to device application, with optical characterisation confirming the retention of spin crossover thermochromic properties. As a first step to deploy the iron-polymers inside simple electronic devices, MIM structures (metal-insulator-metal) are fabricated and tested by impedance spectroscopy, showing the presence of a thermal hysteresis loop in the dielectric function around room temperature. We demonstrate that in addition to the previous studies on bulk powders, optical and dielectric bistability with sharp spin transitions can also be achieved for thin films devices, thus opening interesting new perspectives for the application of spin crossover polymeric and molecular materials.
Tylenchus davainii Bastian 1865
Creators: name: Thorne, Gerald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1929
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Tylenchidae
Tylenchus
Tylenchus davainii

description: Tylenchus davainii Bastian, 1865.   The coarse striae are interrupted on each lateral ﬁeld by a wing area one-fourth as wide as the body, bordered by crenate margins with the wings appearing as two bright lines between them. The esophagus is typical, the median bulb being strongly developed to three-ﬁfths the neck width. The renette pore is a striking feature, being heavily cutinized. The deirids can be seen very distinctly almost opposite the excretory pore. Fig. 1 c. The cells of the rather narrow intestine are ﬁlled with coarse granules. The anterior ovary is the only one developed, the posterior being less than one body width in length. The tails of both sexes are similar in form, being conoid to the pointed terminus and strongly arcuate, especially in the last fourth. Fig. 1 b.
One of the most numerous species in the collection, about 200 specimens being present. Fig. 1 a-c.
description: Published as part of Thorne, Gerald, 1929, Nematodes from the Summit of Long's Peak, Colorado, pp. 181 in Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 48 (2) on page 182, DOI: 10.2307/3222211, http://zenodo.org/record/10797374
Venezuelan Refugees in Brazil: Interpreting Recent Changes in Status Determination Practice within the Context of Global Politics
Creators: name: leomil, luiz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Since 2013, Venezuela has been enduring one the worst socioeconomic depressions in its region. Instability has arisen and led approximately 4.6 million citizens of that State to emigrate, more prominently to nearby countries. Considering that displaced Venezuelans tend to fall outside the scope of the 1951 Refugee Convention, the UNHCR has recommended that States should use the 1984 Cartagena Declaration criteria for refugee status determination (RSD) procedures. Despite incorporating that instrument’s ‘expanded’ refugee definition in its domestic legislation, initially, Brazil opted to welcome displaced Venezuelans solely via temporary residence visas. However, since 2019, the country has started to recognize Venezuelans as refugees. This research will investigate which factors, actors, and conditions could have influenced the recent change in RSD practice in Brazil. The paper will argue that, when acting in concert, international actors were able to frame the situation in Venezuela as one of massive violations of human rights and recommend the recognition of the refugee status of its nationals as the most adequate response in Brazil.
I Stan Alien Idols and Also the People Behind Them: Understanding How Seams Between Virtual and Real Identities Engage VTuber Fans -- A Case Study of PLAVE
Creators: name: Ahn, Dakyeom
name: Park, Seora
name: Lee, Seolhee
name: Cho, Jieun
name: Lim, Hajin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Virtual YouTubers (VTubers) have recently gained popularity as streamers using computer-generated avatars and real-time motion capture to create distinct virtual identities. While prior research has explored how VTubers construct virtual personas and engage audiences, little attention has been given to viewers' reactions when virtual and real identities blur-what we refer to as "seams." To address this gap, we conducted a case study on PLAVE, a popular Korean VTuber Kpop idol group, interviewing 24 of their fans. Our findings identified two main sources of seams: technical glitches and identity collapses, where VTubers act inconsistently with their virtual personas, revealing aspects of their real selves. These seams played a pivotal role in shaping diverse fan engagements, with some valuing authenticity linked to real identities, while others prioritized the coherence of virtual personas. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of seams in shaping viewer experiences.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Corvus glandarius Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Corvus
Corvus glandarius

description: Corvus glandarius [spec. nov.]
C. tectricibus alarum caeruleis: lineis transversis albis nigrisque, corpore ferrugineo variegato. Fn. svec. 74.
Pica glandaria. Gesn. av. 700. Aldr. ornith. l. 12. c. 14. Will. orn. 88. t. 19. Raj. av. 41. Alb. av. 1. p. 16. t. 16. Frisch. av. t. 55. Olin. av. 35.
Habitat in Europa; colligit nuces, glandes; superfluas defodit.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 106, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
High Resolution Tip/Tilt Near-Infrared Imaging of Warm Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
Creators: name: Surace, Jason A.
name: Sanders, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high spatial resolution H and K'-band images of a complete sample of ultraluminous infrared galaxies selected to have warm mid-infrared colors known to be characteristic of active galaxies. The extended underlying galaxy is detected in each system, as are tidal features and many of the star-forming knots seen at optical wavelengths. While some of these knots have a considerable near-infrared excess, we show that they are likely to have bolometric luminosities more similar to that of the extended starbursts with similar optical morphology seen in less far-infrared luminous interacting systems. We find that each ULIG has increasing contributions at long wavelengths by a very compact source which we identify as an active galactic nucleus. We show that the optical/near-infrared colors of these putative nuclei are much more extreme than the most active starburst IRAS galaxies, yet are identical to "far-infrared loud" quasars which are in turn similar to optical quasars combined with large quantities of hot dust. Half of the ULIGs have nuclei with dereddened near-infrared luminosities comparable to those of QSOs, while the other half have dereddened luminosities more similar to Seyferts, although this may be an effect of patchy extinction and scattering.
description: 36 pages, 8 figures, includes a special style file replacing a AASTEX file
The sdA problem - III. New extremely low-mass white dwarfs and their precursors from Gaia astrometry
Creators: name: Pelisoli, Ingrid
name: Bell, Keaton J.
name: Kepler, S. O.
name: Koester, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical nature of the sdA stars---cool hydrogen-rich objects with spectroscopic surface gravities intermediate between main sequence and canonical mass white dwarfs---has been elusive since they were found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12 spectra. The population is likely dominated by metal-poor A/F stars in the halo with overestimated surface gravities, with a small contribution of extremely low-mass white dwarfs and their precursors, i.e., ELMs and pre-ELMs. In this work, we seek to identify (pre-)ELMs with radii smaller than is possible for main sequence stars, allowing even for very low metallicity. We analyse 3891 sdAs previously identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey using Gaia DR2 data. Our Monte Carlo analysis supports that 90 of these are inconsistent with the main sequence. 37 lie close to or within the canonical white dwarf cooling sequence, while the remaining 53 lie between the canonical white dwarfs and main sequence, which we interpret as likely (pre-)ELMs given their spectral class. Of these, 30 pass more conservative criteria that allow for higher systematic uncertainties on the parallax, as well as an approximate treatment of extinction. Our identifications increase the number of known (pre-)ELMs by up to 50 per cent, demonstrating how Gaia astrometry can reveal members of the compact (pre-)ELM subpopulation of the sdA spectral class.
description: 13 pages, 19 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Measurement of lead-target neutrino interactions using the whole T2K near detector
Creators: name: Pickering, Luke
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: This thesis presents a selection of neutrino interactions occurring within the Electromagnetic Calorimeters (ECals) of the T2K off-axis near detector, ND280. ND280 is situated 2.5 degrees off axis with respect to the J-PARC neutrino beam and is used to constrain the unoscillated neutrino flux for T2K oscillation analyses. The motivation for an ECal-target sample is three-fold: to investigate the neutrino flux across a wider range of off-axis angles than is possible with the main near-detector target; to measure the rate of muon production with a larger angular acceptance than the standard near detector event samples; and to investigate neutrino interactions on lead, a heavy nuclear target on which there is little published data. To enable this analysis, the ECal vertex reconstruction was integrated with the rest of the ND280 reconstruction software. For the first time, the accurate particle identification (PID) and momentum reconstruction capabilities of the ND280 Tracker are used for particles produced in neutrino interactions in the ECals. PID and kinematic reconstruction is not possible using ECal information alone. Using this newly facilitated reconstruction of ECal-originating final-state particles, distributions of the reconstructed kinematics for a sample of charged-current inclusive muon-neutrino interaction candidates are compared between data and simulation. This highlights that a deficiency in the ND280 simulation of entering background particles constitutes a more significant problem than previously believed. The data--simulation agreement seen is reasonable: the shape-only Chi-Square test statistic for the muon-like sample was evaluated to be 245 for 104 analysis bins. This motivates the further use of the ND280 ECals for constraint of the T2K flux prediction as well as heavy-target, neutrino scattering measurements.
A New Method for Obtaining Binary Pulsar Distances and its Implications for Tests of General Relativity
Creators: name: Bell, J. F.
name: Bailes, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate how measuring orbital period derivatives can lead to more accurate distance estimates and transverse velocities for some nearby binary pulsars. In many cases this method will estimate distances more accurately than is possible by annual parallax, as the relative error decreases as t^-5/2. Unfortunately, distance uncertainties limit the degree to which nearby relativistic binary pulsars can be used for testing the general relativistic prediction of orbital period decay to a few percent. Nevertheless, the measured orbital period derivative of PSR B1534+12 agrees within the observational uncertainties with that predicted by general relativity if the proper-motion contribution is accounted for.
description: 4 pages, latex, uuencoded compressed postscript + source, no figures, uses aaspptwo.sty and dec.sty, accepted for publication in ApJL, omitted reference now included
Corvus cristatus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Corvus
Corvus cristatus

description: Corvus cristatus [spec. nov.]
C. tectricibus alarum lineis transversis nigris, corpore caeruleo, collari nigro.
Pica glandaria caerulea cristata. Catesb. car. p. 15. t. 15.
Habitat in America septentrionali. Praecedenti in multis assimilans.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 106, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
title: ADCO, Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0786
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire

description: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0786, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0786, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Rapid room understanding from wide-angle vision
Creators: name: Lukierski, Robert
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: There is an increasing pressure on mobile robotics, especially of the low-cost variety, to perform tasks, with ever increasing complexity, in an uncontrolled environment. Not so long ago mobile robots were expensive devices, employed rarely in the space exploration or industry, where the environment was created to be predictable and the cost was not a major factor. This is not valid anymore, as we see larger and larger numbers of robots reaching the service sector and end consumers. Examples come every year, from vacuum cleaners to the recent advances in autonomous cars. This thesis focuses precisely on mobile robot sensing capabilities and the ways to extend it. Our particular focus is on a low cost household mobile robots equipped with an omnidirectional camera, enabling extremely wide field of view. As this type of vision sensing is, while not entirely novel, still rather uncommon in the computer vision literature, we had to face multiple challanges due to the lack of reference datasets, algorithm implementations or ground truth sources. These adversities shaped this thesis to a very large extent, therefore the structure mimicks the progress of computer vision that was done on the classical cameras, so we were able to reach higher levels. We start with a presentation of camera models and calibration techniques. Then we present both sparse and dense SLAM pipelines, allowing us to estimate the poses of the camera accurately and reconstruct dense depth maps respectively. Based on such foundations, we present an occupancy grid free space mapping method followed by a room shape estimation method, both purely relying on omnidirectional vision inputs. All the presented methods were experimentally verified on synthetic data and on a large number of real world datasets, spanning various sizes and environment types. A separate chapter solely focuses on the engineering efforts required to build the necessary platforms, computing techniques and obtaining valid ground truth.
Widespread star formation inside galactic outflows
Creators: name: Gallagher, R.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Belfiore, F.
name: Drory, N.
name: Riffel, R.
name: Riffel, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several models have predicted that stars could form inside galactic outflows and that this would be a new major mode of galaxy evolution. Observations of galactic outflows have revealed that they host large amounts of dense and clumpy molecular gas, which provide conditions suitable for star formation. We have investigated the properties of the outflows in a large sample of galaxies by exploiting the integral field spectroscopic data of the large MaNGA-SDSS4 galaxy survey. We find that star formation occurs inside at least half of the galactic outflows in our sample. We also show that even if star formation is prominent inside many other galactic outflows, this may have not been revealed as the diagnostics are easily dominated by the presence of even faint AGN and shocks. If very massive outflows typical of distant galaxies and quasars follow the same scaling relations observed locally, then the star formation inside high-z outflows can be up to several 100 Msun/yr and could contribute substantially to the early formation of the spheroidal component of galaxies. Star formation in outflows can also potentially contribute to establishing the scaling relations between black holes and their host spheroids. Moreover, supernovae exploding on large orbits can chemically enrich in-situ and heat the circumgalactic and intergalactic medium. Finally, young stars ejected on large orbits may also contribute to the reionization of the Universe.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Replaced with accepted version
The Current Star Formation Rate of the Local Universe
Creators: name: Gallego, J.
name: Zamorano, J.
name: Aragon-Salamanca, A.
name: Rego, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Survey is a long-term project aiming at finding and analysing star-forming galaxies detected by their H$α$ emission in Schmidt objective-prism plates. The instrumental set-up limits the volume of the Universe surveyed to a redshift $z\lesssim0.045$. So far we have discovered several hundred emission-line galaxies (ELGs) undergoing star formation at a wide range of levels. Analyzing a complete sample of ELGs from the UCM survey we have computed the H$α$ luminosity function for the star-forming galaxies in the surveyed volume of the Universe. A Schechter function provides a good fit to the H$α$ luminosity function with the following parameters: $α= -1.3\pm0.2$; $L^*({\rm H}α) = 10^{42.15\pm0.08} $erg$ $s$^{-1}$ and $ϕ^*=10^{-3.2\pm0.2} $Mpc$^{-3}$ for $H_0 = 50 $km$ $s$^{-1} $Mpc$^{-1}$. Integrating over the full range of luminosities, we obtain an H$α$ luminosity density of $10^{39.1\pm0.2} $erg$ $s$^{-1} $Mpc$^{-3}$. Using the H$α$ emission as a star formation rate (SFR) estimator, this translates into a SFR density for the Local Universe of $0.013^{+0.007}_{-0.005} M_{\odot} $yr$^{-1} $Mpc$^{-3}$ in star-forming galaxies with $EW($H$α+$[NII]$)>10$Åand $z\lesssim0.045$, for a Scalo Initial Mass Function. This is the first observational determination of this quantity, which will provide a direct test of current galaxy formation and evolution models.
description: 16 pages, PS file, 1 table and 1 figure. Accepted in ApJL