Jaguajir pintoi Lauren A. Esposito & Humberto Y. Yamaguti & Cláudio A. Souza & Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini 2017, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Lauren A. Esposito
name: Humberto Y. Yamaguti
name: Cláudio A. Souza
name: Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha
name: Lorenzo Prendini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Buthidae
Jaguajir
Jaguajir pintoi

description: Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), comb. nov.
Figures 6, 10 C, D, 15D, 19D, E, 21E, 22E, 24A– D, 41B, 42B, 43B, E, 46
Rhopalurus pintoi Mello-Leitão, 1932: 11, 12, 15, 31, 38, 46, fig. 2a–c; Prado, 1940: 27, 36; Mello-Leitão, 1945: 266, 284, 285, fig. 115 (part); Bücherl, 1967: 112; 1969: 767; Lourenço, 1982 a: 107, 108, 115, 117, fig. 78 (part); Kovařík, 1998: 118; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 221; Teruel, 2006: 51, 52; Teruel and Tietz, 2008: 2, 3, 5–9, figs. 1–4, 7, tables 1, 2; Lourenço, 2008: 4, 7, figs. 2–4; Prendini et al., 2009: 222, 223; Ubinski et al., 2016: 122.
Rhopalurus laticauda pintoi: Lourenço, 1982 a: 115 –117, 136, figs. 25–28, 39–46, table 1; 1984b: 14; 1986a: 133, fig. 10; 1986b: 170, fig. 7; 1992: 55; 1997a: 590; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 221; Teruel and Tietz, 2008: 8.
Rhopalurus piceus Lourenço and Pinto-da- Rocha, 1997: 183, figs. 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15–20 (synonymized by Teruel and Tietz, 2008: 2, 8); Kovařík, 1998: 118; Fet and Lowe, 2000: 221; Lourenço, 2002: 104, 105, 110, 111, 304–305, figs. 232–238; Lenarducci et al., 2005: 7, table 2; Teruel, 2006: 52; Teruel and Tietz, 2008: 8; Lourenço, 2008: 3, 6; 2014: 69.
Rhopalurus pintoi kouroensis Lourenço, 2008: 4–7, 9–12, figs. 2–4, 10–17, table 1; syn. nov.
Rhopalurus pintoi pintoi: Lourenço, 2008: 6.
Rhopalurus crassicauda kouroensis: Prendini et al., 2009: 222.
TYPE MATERIAL: BRAZIL: Roraima: Rhopalurus pintoi: Holotype ♂ (IOC) [lost], Río Tacutú.
Rhopalurus piceus: Holotype ♀ (MZSP 15173), paratype ♀ (MZSP), Tepequén, 15–22.vi.1993, M. Vanzolini; paratype ♂ (MZSP 10565), Surumu, 04°12′S 60°47′W, 10.vii.1986, C.M. Carvalho; paratype ♀ (MNHN RS-8497), Río Branco, Surumu, xi.1966, M. Alvarenga. Rhopalurus pintoi kouroensis: Holotype ♂ (MNHN RS-8631), FRENCH GUIANA: Kourou: taches forestières de la piste Dejrad, viii.1975, M. Boulard and P. Pompanon.
DIAGNOSIS: Jaguajir pintoi is most closely related to J. agamemnon. The two species resemble one another, and differ from J. rochae, in their darker coloration and broader metasoma. Whereas the base coloration is brown to black, and the metasoma of the male markedly wider posteriorly in J. agamemnon and J. pintoi, the base coloration is pale to dark yellow, and the metasoma of the male slightly wider posteriorly in J. rochae. Additionally, the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalp chela of the male are markedly curved, creating a large proximal gap between them, and the proximal lobe on the fixed finger of the male is reduced or absent, in J. agamemnon and J. pintoi, whereas the fixed and movable fingers of the pedipalp chela of the male are slightly curved, creating a small proximal gap between them, and the proximal lobe on the fixed finger of the male exhibits a prominent proximal lobe, in J. rochae. Furthermore, the subaculear tubercle of the telson is very reduced, forming a small protuberance, in J. pintoi, as in J. rochae, whereas it is well developed and spinoid in J. agamemnon.
Jaguajir pintoi can be further differentiated from J. agamemnon as follows. Jaguajir pintoi is almost uniformly dark, with the prosoma, tergites, metasoma, telson, and pedipalps dark brown to black, and the sternites, legs, and telson somewhat lighter, reddish brown, whereas J. agamemnon is bicolored and generally paler, with the prosoma and tergites I–VI brown and tergite VII, metasoma, telson, pedipalps, and legs lighter, somewhat orange. Additionally, the metasoma of J. pintoi is proportionally more robust, with metasomal segment V almost as wide as long, than that of J. agamemnon, with metasomal segment V approximately 1.5× longer than wide. The dorsolateral carinae of the metasomal segments comprise blunt spiniform granules, increasing in size posteriorly, especially prominent on segments III and IV in J. pintoi, whereas the carinae comprise small, acuminate granules in J. agamemnon.
DISTRIBUTION: Jaguajir pintoi is endemic to northern Brazil (recorded from the states of Amazonas, Pará and Roraima) and Guyana (Roraima Province) (fig. 6). It may also be present in the state of Bolívar in Venezuela (Prendini et al., 2009) but has yet to be recorded there. A single record from Kourou, French Guiana, remains to be confirmed.
ECOLOGY: This species inhabits open vegetation formations. Specimens collected by the authors were found under stones during the day and with UV light detection at night. The habitat and habitus are consistent with the lapidicolous ecomorphotype (Prendini, 2001 b).
REMARKS: Lourenço (1982 a, 1984 a, 1986 a, b, 1992, 1997 a) relegated R. pintoi to a subspecies of R. laticauda and synonymized R. crassicauda therewith, but later (Lourenço and Pinto-da- Rocha, 1997) described another species, R. piceus, from the vicinity of the type locality of R. pintoi. Kovařík (1998) listed R. pintoi at the rank of species, but Fet and Lowe (2000) continued to list it as a subspecies of R. laticauda in accordance with Lourenço (1982 a). Lourenço (2002) formally reinstated R. pintoi and removed R. crassicauda from synonymy. Teruel (2006) suggested R. pintoi might be a senior synonym of R. piceus. Teruel and Tietz (2008) formally synonymized R. piceus, erroneously declaring R. pintoi to be a nomen nudum, and questioned whether R. crassicauda is distinct from R. laticauda. Lourenço (2008) suggested that R. piceus may yet prove to be valid and rejected the suggestion that R. crassicauda is a junior synonym of R. laticauda, instead proposing that it might be a subspecies thereof and creating a new subspecies, R. crassicauda paruensis, along with a new subspecies of R. pintoi. Prendini et al. (2009), however, agreed with the synonymy of R. piceus with R. pintoi by Teruel and Tietz (2008), and the suggestion that R. crassicauda is probably a junior synonym of R. laticauda. The evidence and analyses presented by Esposito et al. (in review) supported the validity of J. pintoi as distinct from R. laticauda, upheld the synonymy of R. piceus therewith, and justified the synonymy: Rhopalurus pintoi kouroensis Lourenço, 2008 = Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitão, 1932), syn. nov. Rhopalurus crassicauda, on the other hand, was determined to be conspecific with R. laticauda and synonymized accordingly, below.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: BRAZIL: Roraima: Normandia, 03°53′44″N 59°37′40″W, 14.xi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti and R. Pinto-da-Rocha, 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31176/AMCC [LP 9928]), 1 juv. ♂ (MZSP 31177/AMCC [LP 9944]); Serra do Tepequem, 31.v–5.vi.2011, Equipe Herpeto USP, 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 1 juv. ♀ (MZSP 54207); Vila Tepequén, Amajari, 03°47′54″N 61°43′0 8″W, 11.xi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti and R. Pinto-da-Rocha, 1 ♀ (MZSP 30862/AMCC [LP 9672]), 03°47′54″N 61°44′57″W, 17.xi.2008, H.Y. Yamaguti and R. Pinto-da-Rocha, 1 ♀ (MZSP 30863/AMCC [LP 9671]). GUYANA: Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region: Rupununi region, SW Guyana, near Venezuelan border, iii.2008, 1 juv. ♂ (AMCC [LP 8278]), 24.ix.2008, imported L. Arden, 9 ♀, 3 juv. (OUMNH 2009-001).
description: Published as part of Lauren A. Esposito, Humberto Y. Yamaguti, Cláudio A. Souza, Ricardo Pinto-Da-Rocha & Lorenzo Prendini, 2017, Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Club-Tailed Scorpions, Physoctonus, Rhopalurus, and Troglorhopalurus, Revalidation of Heteroctenus, and Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species (Buthidae: Rhopalurusinae), pp. 1-134 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 415 on pages 83-84, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090-415.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/851382