cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Official Development Assistance on the Productivity of Agricultural Production in Ghana, Cameroon and Mali
Creators: name: Blizkovsky, Petr
name: Emelin, Roman
name: Blizkovsky, Petr
name: Emelin, Roman
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Africa,
subject: official development aid,
subject: agriculture,
subject: public administration,
subject: Ghana,
subject: Cameroon,
subject: Mali.

description: African economies depend largely on agriculture. Most people in Africa spend most of their lives in rural areas. Agriculture is an important sector of African industry and economy, it employs more than half of the population and accounts more than half of the national income. Due to population increase the food security remains an issue. In accordance of the lack of domestic capacities of African countries to deal with the problem, it is particularly important to increase assistance from developed countries. African States are expected to demonstrate the ability to implement policies that will change with the funds received / while receiving funds. However, for various reasons, despite numerous aid packages, it/Africa remains backward. This article examines the impact of foreign aid on agricultural productivity and the impact of the quality of management on development aid flows. As examples, it was decided to take such countries as Ghana, Cameroon and Mali. The purpose of this article is to confirm the hypothesis that development assistance correlates positively with the productivity of agriculture. The second hypothesis suggests that development aid flows respond to the quality of public administration. As for the results, the impact between the variables was recorded, but the results were ambiguous.
Extracting tag hierarchies
Creators: name: Tibély, Gergely
name: Pollner, Péter
name: Vicsek, Tamás
name: Palla, Gergely
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tagging items with descriptive annotations or keywords is a very natural way to compress and highlight information about the properties of the given entity. Over the years several methods have been proposed for extracting a hierarchy between the tags for systems with a "flat", egalitarian organization of the tags, which is very common when the tags correspond to free words given by numerous independent people. Here we present a complete framework for automated tag hierarchy extraction based on tag occurrence statistics. Along with proposing new algorithms, we are also introducing different quality measures enabling the detailed comparison of competing approaches from different aspects. Furthermore, we set up a synthetic, computer generated benchmark providing a versatile tool for testing, with a couple of tunable parameters capable of generating a wide range of test beds. Beside the computer generated input we also use real data in our studies, including a biological example with a pre-defined hierarchy between the tags. The encouraging similarity between the pre-defined and reconstructed hierarchy, as well as the seemingly meaningful hierarchies obtained for other real systems indicate that tag hierarchy extraction is a very promising direction for further research with a great potential for practical applications.
description: 25 pages with 21 pages of supporting information, 25 figures
One, two or three stars? An investigation of an unusual eclipsing binary candidate undergoing dramatic period changes
Creators: name: Lohr, M. E.
name: Norton, A. J.
name: Kolb, U. C.
name: Boyd, D. R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report our investigation of 1SWASP J234401.81-212229.1, a variable with a 18461.6 s period. After identification in a 2011 search of the SuperWASP archive for main-sequence eclipsing binary candidates near the distribution's short-period limit of approx. 0.20 d, it was measured to be undergoing rapid period decrease in our earlier work, though later observations supported a cyclic variation in period length. Spectroscopic data obtained in 2012 with the Southern African Large Telescope did not, however, support the interpretation of the object as a normal eclipsing binary. Here, we consider three possible explanations consistent with the data: a single-star oblique rotator model in which variability results from stable cool spots on opposite magnetic poles; a two-star model in which the secondary is a brown dwarf; and a three-star model involving a low-mass eclipsing binary in a hierarchical triple system. We conclude that the latter is the most likely model.
description: 8 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication at Astronomy & Astrophysics. After publication, table 2 will appear at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/
Does Size Matter? The Underlying Intrinsic Size Distribution of Radio Sources and Implications for Unification by Orientation
Creators: name: DiPompeo, Michael A.
name: Runnoe, Jessie C.
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Boroson, Todd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unification by orientation is a ubiquitous concept in the study of active galactic nuclei. A gold standard of the orientation paradigm is the hypothesis that radio galaxies and radio-loud quasars are intrinsically the same, but are observed over different ranges of viewing angles. Historically, strong support for this model was provided by the projected sizes of radio structure in luminous radio galaxies, which were found to be significantly larger than those of quasars, as predicted due to simple geometric projection. Recently, this test of the simplest prediction of orientation-based models has been revisited with larger samples that cover wider ranges of fundamental properties---and no clear difference in projected sizes of radio structure is found. Cast solely in terms of viewing angle effects, these results provide convincing evidence that unification of these objects solely through orientation fails. However, it is possible that conflicting results regarding the role orientation plays in our view of radio sources simply result from insufficient sampling of their intrinsic size distribution. We test this possibility using Monte-Carlo simulations constrained by real sample sizes and properties. We develop models for the real intrinsic size distribution of radio sources, simulate observations by randomly sampling intrinsic sizes and viewing angles, and analyze how likely each sample is to support or dispute unification by orientation. We find that, while it is possible to reconcile conflicting results purely within a simple, orientation-based framework, it is very unlikely. We analyze the effects that sample size, relative numbers of radio galaxies and quasars, the critical angle that separates the two subclasses, and the shape of the intrinsic size distribution have on this type of test.
description: 13 pages, 8 figues. Accepted for publication in ApJ
New Determination of Muonium-Deuterium 1S-2S Isotope Shift
Creators: name: Fan, Isaac
name: Chang, Chun-Yu
name: Wang, Li-Bang
name: Cornish, Simon L.
name: Shy, Jow-Tsong
name: Liu, Yi-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a new determination of muonium 1S-2S transition frequency and its isotope shift with deuterium by recalibrating the iodine reference lines using an optical frequency comb. The reference lines for the muonium and deuterium 1S-2S transitions are determined with a precision of 2.4*10^-10 and 1.7*10^-10 respectively. A new muonium-deuterium 1S-2S isotope-shift frequency is derived from these references to be 11 203 464.9(9.2)(4.0) MHz, in agreement with an updated bound-state quantum-electrodynamics prediction based on 2010 adjustments of Committee on Data for Science and Technology and 2.3 times better in the systematic uncertainty than the previous best determination.
Etude expérimentale et modélisation thermomécanique du frittage de l'alumine
Creators: name: Renaux, Maxence
name: Pellé, Julien
name: Méresse, Damien
name: Morin, Céline
name: Christian, Courtois
name: Nivot, Christelle
name: Thuault, Anthony
Publisher: name: Société Française de Thermique
Year: 2020
Subjects: Micro-ondes
frittage
Alumine
Mécanique
Thermique

description: Le frittage micro-ondes des matériaux céramiques est étudié depuis les années 1970 mais connait un essor depuis quelques années. Ce procédé de chauffage possède plusieurs avantages par rapport aux procédés de frittage conventionnel. En effet, le volume de chauffage est très réduit, ce qui permet d'obtenir des rampes de température élevées (200$^{\circ}$C/min) et des temps de palier courts, conduisant à une diminution de la consommation d'énergie ($10^6\ \unit{J}$) comparée aux procédés conventionnels (plus de $10^8\ \unit{J}$). Cette étude représente une partie d'un travail de thèse dont une des finalités est de développer un outil numérique prédictif pour étudier l'évolution des propriétés microstructurales, comme la densité et la taille de grain, d'un oxyde d'aluminium, l'alumine $\unit{Al_2 O_3}$, fritté par micro-ondes, entre 1200$^{\circ}$C et 1700$^{\circ}$C en moins de 30 minutes, et de contrôler ses propriétés afin d'obtenir un matériau avec une porosité contrôlée. L'outil numérique est basé sur deux modèles qui permettent de simuler les phénomènes physiques intervenant au cours du procédé de frittage par micro-ondes. Le modèle mécanique, développé sur ABAQUS avec une routine sous Fortran, en milieu continu, calcule l'évolution des grandeurs physiques (contrainte de frittage, taille de grain, …) au cours de la densification par micro-ondes. Le modèle thermique, développé sur MATLAB, repose sur l'équation de diffusion de la chaleur avec des conditions aux limites de convection et de rayonnement. L'échantillon en alumine n'absorbant pas les micro-ondes en dessous de 700 $^{\circ}$C, il est nécessaire d'utiliser un anneau en Carbure de Silicium (SiC) qui absorbe les micro-ondes dès la température ambiante et chauffe l'échantillon principalement par rayonnement. Le modèle permet de calculer le champ de température au sein du matériau pendant le frittage en fonction des propriétés thermiques, les hétérogénéités de température pouvant influer les propriété
title: Carmina Gratvlatoria Amicorvm In Felicissimvm Iter, Qvod Nob. Et Ampliss. V. Dn. Philippvs Hainhofervs P. A. Consiliarius Sereniss. & Celsiss. Pomeraniæ Ducis, Dn. Philippi II &c.; 1617
title: Ad Avlam Stetinensem Pomer. Mensib. Quinct. Sextil. Septembri & Octobri ; Anno Sal. Hvm. reparatæ M. D. CXVII. confecit
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hainhofer, Philipp
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2015

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Avgvstae Vindelicorvm, è Typographéo Dauidis Franci. M. D. CXVII. - Paginierfehler: Zählung S. 3 doppelt vorhanden
Conventional Orthography for Dialectal Arabic (CODA): Principles and Guidelines -- Egyptian Arabic - Version 0.7 - March 2012
Creators: name: Habash, Nizar Y.
name: Diab, Mona T.
name: Rambow, Owen C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Computer science

description: This document introduces CODA (Conventional Orthography for Dialectal Arabic) and presents specifications and detailed guidelines for Egyptian Arabic CODA. CODA addresses the problem of inconsistent orthographic choices in raw (naturally occurring) written dialectal Arabic text. The specifications are a succinct summary, while the guidelines contain details and examples. The document has three parts that are ordered from most general to the more specific. In Part 1, we define CODA and present its general goals, principles and considerations in a non-dialect specific manner. In Part 2, we present a high level CODA specification for Egyptian Arabic (EGY). And in Part 3, we present detailed guidelines for EGY CODA.
Readiness for ICT Based B2C Information Flow – Case Study of the Hungarian Food Sector
Creators: name: Botos, Szilvia
name: Szilágyi, Róbert
name: Felföldi, János
name: Tóth, Mihály
name: Botos, Szilvia
name: Szilágyi, Róbert
name: Felföldi, János
name: Tóth, Mihály
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Food sector,
subject: information flow,
subject: ICT,
subject: readiness,
subject: B2C.

description: The complexity of information flow and cooperation among enterprises operating in a supply chain is growing. This process has a significant impact on the economy and the objective is that both traditional and new ICT (Information and Communication Technology) solutions meet the pressing needs for more efficient business processes. The current paper focuses on enterprises belonging to the food supply chain and analyses some indicators supporting the information flow within the company and with partners (being either a partner enterprise or the final consumer). Our Institute has prepared a survey to examine the ICT usage and attitude by enterprises operating in the agri-food sector. The importance of business processes supportable by ICT had to be assessed by companies. In this study we evaluated the importance of some ICT indicators supporting information flow in the chain. The main objective of the current article is to determine the difference between food enterprises divided by different grouping factors regarding their evaluation of the chosen indicators. In our opinion, competitive advantage may be reached using ICT solutions for widening and maintaining relations through a more effective information flow with partners and consumers.
A Triphenylphosphine‐Based Microporous Polymer for a Wittig Reaction Cycle in the Solid State
Creators: name: Weigelt, Vincent
name: Vogl, Sarah
name: Schmidt, Johannes
name: Thomas, Arne
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: chemical looping
subject: microporous material
subject: post-synthetic modification
subject: recycling
subject: Wittig reaction

description: The Wittig reaction is a key step in industrial processes to synthesise large quantities of vitamin A and various other important chemicals that are used in daily life. This article presents a pathway to achieve the Wittig reaction in a solid network. A highly porous triphenylphosphine-based polymer was applied as a solid Wittig reagent that undergoes, in a multi-step cycle, in total six post-synthetic modifications. This allowed for regeneration of the solid Wittig reagent and reuse for the same reaction cycle. Of particular industrial relevance is that the newly developed material also enables a simple way of separating the product by filtration. Therefore, additional costly and difficult separation and purification steps are no longer needed.
Risco de queda: cuidado com a pessoa idosa
Creators: name: Santos, Sonia Maria Josino Dos
name: JOSÉ DA PAZ OLIVEIRA ALVARENGA
name: Texeira, Grace Alves
name: Arlla Milene Cirino Soares
name: Da Silva Vasconcelos Pereira, Beatriz
name: Santos, Ana Carolina Dos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Idoso
Queda
Cuidado

description: Esta cartilha foi elaborada com o intuito de fornecer informações e facilitar o entendimento acerca dos riscos de queda, em especial, frente ao processo de senescência. Está destinada aos discentes do Curso Técnico em Cuidados de Idosos do Centro Profissional e Tecnológico - Escola Técnica de Saúde da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CPT-ETS/UFPB).
Selected Personal Memories of my Life with Helmut: Served as Facts in Homeopathic Doses and Highly Diluted with Fiction and Nonsense
Creators: name: Weiske, Thomas
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: Helmut Schwarz
subject: personal memories
subject: organic chemistry

description: In the context of this special issue of the Israel Journal of Chemistry on the occasion and in honor of the 80th birthday of Prof. Helmut Schwarz, this article takes aim at some selected personal and occasionally fancifully embellished reminiscences from decades of interaction of the jubilarian with members of his research group.
Topological crystalline insulator phase in graphene multilayers
Creators: name: Kindermann, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the experimental progress on three dimensional topological insulators is rapid, the development of their two dimensional counterparts has been comparatively slow, despite their technological promise. The main reason is materials challenges of the to date only realizations of two-dimensional topological insulators, in semiconductor quantum wells. Here we identify a two dimensional topological insulator in a material which does not face similar challenges and which is by now most widely available and well-charaterized: graphene. For certain commensurate interlayer twists graphene multilayers are insulators with sizable bandgaps. We show that they are moreover in a topological phase protected by crystal symmetry. As its fundamental signature, this topological state supports one-dimensional boundary modes. They form low-dissipation quantum wires that can be defined purely electrostatically.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Recruitment Aspects in the Agricultural Sector: Survey of Enterprises in the Czech Republic
Creators: name: Kateřina Drahotová
name: Adamová, Markéta
name: Soukupová, Nikola
name: Jindrová, Andrea
name: Kateřina Drahotová
name: Adamová, Markéta
name: Soukupová, Nikola
name: Jindrová, Andrea
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Human resource management,
subject: labour market,
subject: agriculture,
subject: job analysis,
subject: recruitment,
subject: recruitment methods.

description: Recruitment is one of the most important human resource management tools in the field of agriculture with reference to the current state of the labour market and the concept Agriculture 4.0. The first part of this article concentrates on the recruitment, on-line recruitment and recruitment methods. The second part evaluates the results of a quantitative survey carried out in the Czech Republic. The principal aim of this research project is to identify aspects in recruitment in the field of agriculture. Data were obtained by means of an electronic questionnaire completed by Czech agricultural enterprises (N=980). For data evaluation Chi-squared test was used. The survey shows that agricultural enterprises mostly prefer traditional methods for recruitment i.e. employee referral – 91.4%; internal recruitment – 81.4%. If on-line recruitment is used, then the website of the enterprise (55.1%) is usually exploited. Moreover, the enterprises surveyed make less use of “mobile recruiting” – such as pracezarohem (11.4%).
Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Storm Surge
Creators: name: Mandli, Kyle T.
name: Dawson, Clint N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An approach to utilizing adaptive mesh refinement algorithms for storm surge modeling is proposed. Currently numerical models exist that can resolve the details of coastal regions but are often too costly to be run in an ensemble forecasting framework without significant computing resources. The application of adaptive mesh refinement algorithms substantially lowers the computational cost of a storm surge model run while retaining much of the desired coastal resolution. The approach presented is implemented in the \geoclaw framework and compared to \adcirc for Hurricane Ike along with observed tide gauge data and the computational cost of each model run.
title: Kommunale Handlungsfähigkeit im europäischen Vergleich
title: Autonomie, Aufgaben und Reformen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kuhlmann, Sabine
name: Heuberger, Moritz
name: Dumas, Benoît Paul
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Die Rolle von Kommunen wird in diesem Buch einem europäischen Vergleich unterzogen. Dabei werden Kategorien wie kommunale Autonomie, Aufgabenprofile, territoriale und politische sowie finanzielle Rahmenbedingungen miteinander verglichen. Auch vergangene und bestehende Reformtrends und -diskurse werden beschrieben und eingeordnet. Die Studie ist eine umfassende Sekundäranalyse und bereitet aktuelle Zahlen aus verschiedenen Quellen auf. Durchgeführt wurde sie von einem Team um Prof. Sabine Kuhlmann vom Lehrstuhl für Politikwissenschaft, Verwaltung und Organisation an der Universität Potsdam.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe; 197
Racial Differences in Exposure and Glucuronidation of the Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanone (NNK)
Creators: name: Muscat, Joshua E.
name: Djordjevic, Mirjana V.
name: Colosimo, Stephen
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Richie, John P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Oncology
Public health
Epidemiology

description: BACKGROUND; In the United States, Blacks who smoke cigarettes have a higher mean blood concentration of the nicotine metabolite cotinine than White smokers. It has not been determined whether there are racial differences in the exposure to the cigarette smoke carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and in the detoxification of NNK metabolites. METHODS; A community-based cross-sectional survey of 69 Black and 93 White smokers was conducted in lower Westchester County, New York. Information on smoking and lifestyle habits was collected and urinary concentrations of several tobacco smoke biomarkers were compared, including the NNK metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and its glucuronide (NNAL-Gluc). A frequency histogram and probit plot of NNAL-Gluc:NNAL ratios were constructed to determine slow and rapid glucuronidation phenotypes. RESULTS; The mean concentrations of total NNAL, urinary cotinine, plasma cotinine, and thiocyanate were significantly higher in Black men than in White men for each cigarette smoked. In women, the only biomarker that was significantly elevated in Blacks was plasma cotinine. A higher proportion of White versus Black women was categorized as "rapid" glucuronidators (two-tailed exact test, P = 0.03). In men, there were no significant differences in NNAL-Gluc:NNAL phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS; The higher rates of lung carcinoma in black men may be due in part to a higher level of exposure to tobacco smoke carcinogens.
title: Conradus Schottus Stutgardianus; [1625]
title: Eidem Celeberrimo Artifici, Musico Organo pæo & Architecto admirando honoris & officij ergò dedicat L. K.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kilian, Lucas
name: Schott, Conrad
name: M. E. E., A.
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2015

description: Kopftitel. - Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Lucas Kilianus excudit. - Erscheinungsjahr nach Datum auf Porträt angegeben. - Nebent.: Viva Imago Viri Clarissimi, Et Præstantissimi Dn. Conradi Schotten Stvtgardiani, Anno septimo ætatis kephalalgia cœci facti, artificis solertissimi : ætatis suæ LXI. / M. E. E. A. = Eigentliche Contrafactur Deß Ehrnvösten, Fürnemmen vnd Weitberühmbten Herren Conradi Schotten, von Stuttgart auß dem Würtembergerland, welcher im 7. Jahr seines alters durchs Hauptweh Blind worden, vnd dannoch ansehliche Werck verrichtet
An effective model of QCD thermodynamics
Creators: name: Turko, L.
name: Blaschke, D.
name: Prorok, D.
name: Berdermann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A combined effective model reproducing the equation of state of hadronic matter as obtained in recent lattice QCD simulations is presented. The model reproduces basic physical characteristics encountered in dense hadronic matter in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase and the lower temperature hadron resonance gas phase. The hadronic phase is described by means of an extended Mott-Hagedorn resonance gas while the QGP phase is described by the extended PNJL model. The dissociation of hadrons is obtained by including the state dependent hadron resonance width.
description: Presented at the Symposium: On Discovery Physics at the LHC -- Kruger 2012, RPA, December~3~-~7,~2012
Charcoal Cigarette Filters and Lung Cancer Risk in Aichi Prefecture, Japan
Creators: name: Muscat, Joshua E.
name: Takezaki, Toshiro
name: Tajima, Kazuo
name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Oncology
Public health
Medical sciences

description: The lung cancer mortality rate has been lower in Japan than in the United States for several decades. We hypothesized that this difference is due to the Japanese preference for cigarettes with charcoal-containing filters, which efficiently absorb selected gas phase components of mainstream smoke including the carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. We analyzed a subset of smokers (396 cases and 545 controls) from a case-control study of lung cancer conducted in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The risk associated with charcoal filters (73% of all subjects) was evaluated after adjusting for age, sex, education and smoking dose. The odds ratio (OR) associated with charcoal compared with 'plain' cigarette filters was 1.2 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.9, 1.6). The histologic-specific risks were similar (e.g. OR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.9, 2.1 for adenocarcinoma). The OR was 1.7 (95% CI 1.1, 2.9) in smokers who switched from 'plain' to charcoal brands. The mean daily number of cigarettes smoked in subjects who switched from 'plain' to charcoal brands was 22.5 and 23.0, respectively. The findings from this study did not indicate that charcoal filters were associated with an attenuated risk of lung cancer. As the detection of a modest benefit or risk (e.g. 10-20%) that can have significant public health impact requires large samples, the findings should be confirmed or refuted in larger studies
Unveiling new members in five nearby young moving groups
Creators: name: Moór, A.
name: Szabó, Gy. M.
name: Kiss, L. L.
name: Kiss, Cs.
name: Ábrahám, P.
name: Szulágyi, J.
name: Kóspál, Á.
name: Szalai, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last decade many kinematic groups of young stars (<100 Myr) were discovered in the solar neighbourhood. Since the most interesting period of planet formation overlaps with the age of these groups, their well dated members are attractive targets for exoplanet searches by direct imaging. We combined astrometric, photometric and X-ray data, and applied strict selection criteria to explore the stellar content of five nearby moving groups. We identified more than 100 potential new candidate members in the ß Pic moving group, and in the Tucana-Horologium, Columba, Carina, and Argus associations. In order to further assess and confirm their membership status, we analysed radial velocity data and lithium equivalent widths extracted from high-resolution spectra of 54 candidate stars. We identified 35 new probable/possible young moving group members: 4 in the ß Pic moving group, 11 in the Columba association, 16 in the Carina association, and 4 in the Argus association. We found serendipitiously a new AB Dor moving group member as well. For four Columba systems Hipparcos based parallaxes have already been available and as they are consistent with the predicted kinematic parallaxes, they can be considered as secure new members.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 14 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
Isotropic Γ_6 Ground State in Caged Compound NdRu2Zn20
Creators: name: Isikawa, Yosikazu
name: Ejiri, Jun-ichi
name: Mizushima, Toshio
name: Kuwai, Tomohiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic susceptibility $χ$, the magnetization $M$, and the specific heat $C$ were measured for the caged cubic compound NdRu$_2$Zn$_{20}$ at temperatures down to 0.5 K in the magnetic field $H$ along the three crystallographic principal axes, [100], [110], and [111]. The ferromagnetic phase transition was observed at the Curie temperature $T_{\rm C}=1.9$ K in both the temperature dependence of $χ(T)$ and $C(T)$. Below $T_{\rm C}$, the magnetization curves $M(H)$ show very weak magnetic anisotropy, and the $C(T)$ curves in the fields along the three principal axes show no magnetic anisotropy both below and above $T_{\rm C}$. The easy direction of magnetization at 0.5 K changes from the [111] direction in 0 T to the [110] diretion in 7 T. We analyzed these characteristic behaviors theoretically taking into account the crystalline-electric-field energy, the magnetic exchange interaction, and the Zeeman energy. It was found that these features are originated from the isotropic $Γ_6$ ground state mixing with the magnetic $Γ_8^{(1)}$ excited state. The temperature and the magnetic field dependences of $M(T,H)$ and $C(T,H)$ are quantitatively well analyzed by this theoretical calculation.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
The Fermi GBM Gamma-Ray Burst Spectral Catalog: Four Years Of Data
Creators: name: Gruber, David
name: Goldstein, Adam
name: von Ahlefeld, Victoria Weller
name: Bhat, P. Narayana
name: Bissaldi, Elisabetta
name: Briggs, Michael S.
name: Byrne, Dave
name: Cleveland, William H.
name: Connaughton, Valerie
name: Diehl, Roland
name: Fishman, Gerald J.
name: Fitzpatrick, Gerard
name: Foley, Suzanne
name: Gibby, Melissa
name: Giles, Misty M.
name: Greiner, Jochen
name: Guiriec, Sylvain
name: van der Horst, Alexander J.
name: von Kienlin, Andreas
name: Kouveliotou, Chryssa
name: Layden, Emily
name: Lin, Lin
name: Meegan, Charles A.
name: McGlynn, Sinéad
name: Paciesas, William S.
name: Pelassa, Véronique
name: Preece, Robert D.
name: Rau, Arne
name: Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A.
name: Xiong, Shaolin
name: Younes, George
name: Yu, Hoi-Fung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this catalog we present the updated set of spectral analyses of GRBs detected by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) during its first four years of operation. It contains two types of spectra, time-integrated spectral fits and spectral fits at the brightest time bin, from 943 triggered GRBs. Four different spectral models were fitted to the data, resulting in a compendium of more than 7500 spectra. The analysis was performed similarly, but not identically to Goldstein et al. 2012. All 487 GRBs from the first two years have been re-fitted using the same methodology as that of the 456 GRBs in years three and four. We describe, in detail, our procedure and criteria for the analysis, and present the results in the form of parameter distributions both for the observer-frame and rest-frame quantities. The data files containing the complete results are available from the High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC).
description: Accepted for publication in ApJS
Exploring the Consumers Willingness of Using E-Commerce to Purchase Geographical Indication Based Crops, a Case Study of Udupi Jasmine
Creators: name: D’souza, Darryl Jeethesh
name: Harisha G. Joshi
name: D’souza, Darryl Jeethesh
name: Harisha G. Joshi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Geographical Indication,
subject: Udupi jasmine,
subject: e-commerce,
subject: community-based enterprise,
subject: socio-economic,
subject: policy making,
subject: ICT.

description: Udupi jasmine cultivation has proven to be a successful viable community-based enterprise (CBE) in coastal Karnataka of India. Jasmine cultivation plays a major role in the socio-economic status of this CBE. This study focuses on exploring the consumers willingness of using e-commerce to buy Udupi jasmine. An e-commerce test web application was built and was demonstrated to consumers. Demographic details, jasmine buying purpose and frequency, online shopping details and willingness of consumers to buy jasmine online was captured. Study showed positive correlation between consumers willingness of using e-commerce to buy jasmine and recommending the e-commerce web application to others. The study validates the e-commerce framework using which the web application was built to market Udupi jasmine which has a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. Hence the study provides new approaches in marketing crops that are specific to a geographical location and presents new direction in the sector of GI based crops.
Geographical Indications as Factors of Market Value: Price Premiums and Their Drivers in the Hungarian Off-Trade Wine Market
Creators: name: Gal, Peter
name: Jambor, Attila
name: Gal, Peter
name: Jambor, Attila
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Production Economics
subject: Geographical indications,
subject: hedonic price index,
subject: off-trade wine market,
subject: common pool resources,
subject: collective action,
subject: Hungarian wines.

description: Using the name of the production zone to differentiate agricultural products has a longstanding tradition. Theory suggests that some of these names have a market value as they represent the common reputation of the producers and thus may contribute to dissolving the information asymmetry between producers and consumers. This study takes the example of the Hungarian off-trade wine market to show that price premia are attainable by using some GIs. It is revealed that group homogeneity is an essential factor of collective decisions on higher quality standards, which are important drives of price premia. Moreover, barriers to entry and the quality of the demarcated area are also related to the prices attainable by using GIs.
Relaxation Dynamics of Semiflexible Polymers
Creators: name: Bohbot-Raviv, Y.
name: Zhao, W. Z.
name: Feingold, M.
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
name: Granek, R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biophysics

description: We study the relaxation dynamics of a semiflexible chain by introducing a time-dependent tension. The chain has one of its ends attached to a large bead, and the other end is fixed. We focus on the initial relaxation of the chain that is initially strongly stretched. Using a tension that is self-consistently determined, we obtain the evolution of the end-to-end distance with no free parameters. Our results are in good agreement with single molecule experiments on double stranded DNA.
Late Holocene sea level variability and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Creators: name: Cronin, Thomas M.
name: Farmer, Jesse Robert
name: Marzen, R. E.
name: Thomas, E.
name: Varekamp, J. C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Pre-twentieth century sea level (SL) variability remains poorly understood due to limits of tide gauge records, low temporal resolution of tidal marsh records, and regional anomalies caused by dynamic ocean processes, notably multidecadal changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). We examined SL and AMOC variability along the eastern United States over the last 2000 years, using a SL curve constructed from proxy sea surface temperature (SST) records from Chesapeake Bay, and twentieth century SL-sea surface temperature (SST) relations derived from tide gauges and instrumental SST. The SL curve shows multidecadal-scale variability (20–30 years) during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA), as well as the twentieth century. During these SL oscillations, short-term rates ranged from 2 to 4 mm yr−1, roughly similar to those of the last few decades. These oscillations likely represent internal modes of climate variability related to AMOC variability and originating at high latitudes, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Results imply that dynamic ocean changes, in addition to thermosteric, glacio-eustatic, or glacio-isostatic processes are an inherent part of SL variability in coastal regions, even during millennial-scale climate oscillations such as the MCA and LIA and should be factored into efforts that use tide gauges and tidal marsh sediments to understand global sea level rise.
Information-Optimal Transcriptional Response to Oscillatory Driving
Creators: name: Mugler, Andrew
name: Walczak, Aleksandra M.
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Intracellular transmission of information via chemical and transcriptional networks is thwarted by a physical limitation: The finite copy number of the constituent chemical species introduces unavoidable intrinsic noise. Here we solve for the complete probabilistic description of the intrinsically noisy response to an oscillatory driving signal. We derive and numerically verify a number of simple scaling laws. Unlike in the case of measuring a static quantity, response to an oscillatory signal can exhibit a resonant frequency which maximizes information transmission. Furthermore, we show that the optimal regulatory design is dependent on biophysical constraints (i.e., the allowed copy number and response time). The resulting phase diagram illustrates under what conditions threshold regulation outperforms linear regulation.
A note on morphisms determined by objects
Creators: name: Chen, Xiao-Wu
name: Le, Jue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that a Hom-finite additive category having determined morphisms on both sides is a dualizing variety. This complements a result by Krause. We prove that in a Hom-finite abelian category having Serre duality, a morphism is right determined by some object if and only if it is an epimorphism. We give a characterization to abelian categories having Serre duality via determined morphisms.
Adopting New Technologies for Student Success: A Readiness Framework
Creators: name: Karp, Melinda Jane Mechur
name: Fletcher, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges
Educational technology--Planning

description: This report presents a literature-based framework that identifies characteristics associated with colleges’ readiness for technology adoption (the RTA framework). The authors illustrate what an adoption-ready college looks like by drawing on fieldwork conducted at six colleges in five states implementing Integrated Planning and Advising Services (IPAS) technologies during the fall of 2013. The RTA framework is particularly focused on ensuring that technology-based reforms lead to end-user adoption and changed practice. For this to occur, colleges must not only have sufficient technological resources, they must also attend to the cultural components of readiness. Notably, the framework acknowledges the existence of various microcultures within an organization—groups of individuals, each with their own culture, norms, and attitudes toward technology. For colleges preparing to embark on technology-based reforms, the RTA framework can provide an important vehicle for self-assessment. Engaging in a self-assessment process will highlight areas for development or improvement and provide a roadmap for colleges to develop the conditions that will enable their success in technology-based reforms.
Ausleseelektronik für magnetische Mikrokalorimeter im Frequenzmultiplexverfahren
Creators: name: Karcher, Nick
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022

description: Magnetische Mikrokalorimeter (MMC) sind Tieftemperatur-Kalorimeter mit exzellenter Auflösung und hoher Linearität. Dadurch sind sie als Schlüsseltechnologie für eine Vielzahl an Experimenten und Instrumenten in der Grundlagenforschung prädestiniert. Das Sensorprinzip erfordert Betriebstemperaturen weit unter 100$\,$mK. Bei einer großen Anzahl von mehreren hundert Detektoren mit paralleler Anbindung wird die Auslese zu einer hochgradig komplexen Aufgabe. Frequenzmultiplex-Verfahren wie der Mikrowellen-SQUID-Multiplexer sind in der Lage, die Auslese all dieser Detektoren mit wenigen Leitungen zu realisieren, und sind für MMCs geeignet. Die Auslese des Mikrowellen-SQUID-Multiplexers erfordert jedoch hohe Bandbreiten im Gigahertzbereich, leistungsfähige Hardware und mehrstufige Signalverarbeitung zur Datenreduktion. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird erstmals ein optimiertes Raumtemperatur-Auslesesystem für 400 Multiplexer-Kanäle mit 4$\,$GHz Bandbreite für MMCs vorgestellt. Ausgehend vom konzeptionierten Auslesesystem werden zwei Prototyp-Elektroniken realisiert und evaluiert. Mit dem Auslesesystem wurden in einem Testaufbau Energieauflösungen von 6,2$\,$eV mit 16 und 10,7$\,$eV mit 80 Kanälen im Bereich von 3,3$\,$keV erreicht. Mit MMCs im Kryostaten und Achtkanalauslese wurden Auflösungen von 8,8$\,$eV bei 5,9$\,$keV erreicht. Die entwickelten Methoden und Prototypen werden darüber hinaus auf eine neuartige Multiplexer-Variante mit dc-SQUIDs übertragen und ferner wird eine Vierkanal-Auslese mit Tieftemperaturaufbau demonstriert. Mit den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Arbeit steht nun ein hochoptimiertes Auslesesystem in einer ersten Version zur Verfügung.
Lateral Membrane Waves Constitute a Universal Dynamic Pattern of Motile Cells
Creators: name: Dobereiner, Hans-Gunther
name: Dubin-Thaler, Benjamin J.
name: Hofman, Jake M.
name: Xenias, Harry S.
name: Sims, Tasha N.
name: Giannone, Gregory
name: Dustin, Michael L.
name: Wiggins, Chris H.
name: Sheetz, Michael P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Cytology
Biophysics

description: We have monitored active movements of the cell circumference on specifically coated substrates for a variety of cells including mouse embryonic fibroblasts and T cells, as well as wing disk cells from fruit flies. Despite having different functions and being from multiple phyla, these cell types share a common spatiotemporal pattern in their normal membrane velocity; we show that protrusion and retraction events are organized in lateral waves along the cell membrane. These wave patterns indicate both spatial and temporal long-range periodic correlations of the actomyosin gel.
The NuSTAR Extragalactic Survey: A First Sensitive Look at the High-Energy Cosmic X-ray Background Population
Creators: name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Stern, D.
name: Del Moro, A.
name: Lansbury, G. B.
name: Assef, R. J.
name: Aird, J.
name: Ajello, M.
name: Ballantyne, D. R.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Boggs, S. E.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Christensen, F. E.
name: Civano, F.
name: Comastri, A.
name: Craig, W. W.
name: Elvis, M.
name: Grefenstette, B. W.
name: Hailey, C. J.
name: Harrison, F. A.
name: Hickox, R. C.
name: Luo, B.
name: Madsen, K. K.
name: Mullaney, J. R.
name: Perri, M.
name: Puccetti, S.
name: Saez, C.
name: Treister, E.
name: Urry, C. M.
name: Zhang, W. W.
name: Bridge, C. R.
name: Eisenhardt, P. R. M.
name: Gonzalez, A. H.
name: Miller, S. H.
name: Tsar, C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first ten identifications of sources serendipitously detected by the NuSTAR to provide the first sensitive census of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) source population at >10 keV. We find that these NuSTAR-detected sources are ~100x fainter than those previously detected at >10 keV and have a broad range in redshift and luminosity (z=0.020-2.923 and L_10-40 keV~4x10^{41}-5x10^{45} erg/s); the median redshift and luminosity are z~0.7 and L_10-40 keV~3x10^{44} erg/s, respectively. We characterize these sources on the basis of broad-band ~0.5-32 keV spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, and broad-band ultraviolet-to-mid-infrared SED analyzes. We find that the dominant source population is quasars with L_10-40 keV>10^{44} erg/s, of which ~50% are obscured with N_H>10^{22} cm^{-2}. However, none of the ten NuSTAR sources are Compton thick (N_H>10^{24} cm^{-2}) and we place a 90% confidence upper limit on the fraction of Compton-thick quasars (L_10-40 keV>10^{44} erg/s) selected at >10 keV of ~33% over the redshift range z=0.5-1.1. We jointly fitted the rest-frame ~10-40 keV data for all of the non-beamed sources with L_10-40 keV>10^{43} erg/s to constrain the average strength of reflection; we find R<1.4 for Γ=1.8, broadly consistent with that found for local AGNs observed at >10 keV. We also constrain the host galaxy masses and find a median stellar mass of ~10^{11} M_sun, a factor ~5 times higher than the median stellar mass of nearby high-energy selected AGNs, which may be at least partially driven by the order of magnitude higher X-ray luminosities of the NuSTAR sources. Within the low source-statistic limitations of our study, our results suggest that the overall properties of the NuSTAR sources are broadly similar to those of nearby high-energy selected AGNs but scaled up in luminosity and mass.
description: ApJ, in press; 22 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables