cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Robust linear regression with broad distributions of errors
Creators: name: Postnikov, Eugene B.
name: Sokolov, Igor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of linear fitting of noisy data in the case of broad (say $α$-stable) distributions of random impacts ("noise"), which can lack even the first moment. This situation, common in statistical physics of small systems, in Earth sciences, in network science or in econophysics, does not allow for application of conventional Gaussian maximum-likelihood estimators resulting in usual least-squares fits. Such fits lead to large deviations of fitted parameters from their true values due to the presence of outliers. The approaches discussed here aim onto the minimization of the width of the distribution of residua. The corresponding width of the distribution can either be defined via the interquantile distance of the corresponding distributions or via the scale parameter in its characteristic function. The methods provide the robust regression even in the case of short samples with large outliers, and are equivalent to the normal least squares fit for the Gaussian noises. Our discussion is illustrated by numerical examples.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
title: Dual-layer spectral computed tomography in the detection and characterization of foreign bodies.
Creators: name: Catalano, Marco
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Emergency
subject: CT
subject: Sampling
subject: Foreign bodies

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Wooden foreign bodies are often missed on standard CT images, because the attenuation values of wooden materials are typically mistaken for air (dry wood) or soft tissue (wet wood) and can contribute to a missed diagnosis of the retained foreign...
Seamless Integration of Global Dirichlet-to-Neumann Boundary Condition and Spectral Elements for Transformation Electromagnetics
Creators: name: Yang, Zhiguo
name: Wang, Li-Lian
name: Rong, Zhijian
name: Wang, Bo
name: Zhang, Baile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present an efficient spectral-element method (SEM) for solving general two-dimensional Helmholtz equations in anisotropic media, with particular applications in accurate simulation of polygonal invisibility cloaks, concentrators and circular rotators arisen from the field of transformation electromagnetics (TE). In practice, we adopt a transparent boundary condition (TBC) characterized by the Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) map to reduce wave propagation in an unbounded domain to a bounded domain. We then introduce a semi-analytic technique to integrate the global TBC with local curvilinear elements seamlessly, which is accomplished by using a novel elemental mapping and analytic formulas for evaluating global Fourier coefficients on spectral-element grids exactly. From the perspective of TE, an invisibility cloak is devised by a singular coordinate transformation of Maxwell's equations that leads to anisotropic materials coating the cloaked region to render any object inside invisible to observers outside. An important issue resides in the imposition of appropriate conditions at the outer boundary of the cloaked region, i.e., cloaking boundary conditions (CBCs), in order to achieve perfect invisibility. Following the spirit of [48], we propose new CBCs for polygonal invisibility cloaks from the essential "pole" conditions related to singular transformations. This allows for the decoupling of the governing equations of inside and outside the cloaked regions. With this efficient spectral-element solver at our disposal, we can study the interesting phenomena when some defects and lossy or dispersive media are placed in the cloaking layer of an ideal polygonal cloak.
(101555) Edith Partridge
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Environmental styrene exposure and neurologic symptoms in U.S. Gulf coast residents
Creators: name: Sandler, D.P.
name: Gerr, F.E.
name: Werder, E.J.
name: Engel, L.S.
name: Richardson, D.B.
name: Emch, M.E.
name: Kwok, R.K.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Background: Styrene is an established neurotoxicant at occupational levels, but effects at levels relevant to the general population have not been studied. We examined the neurologic effects of environmental styrene exposure among U.S. Gulf coast residents. Methods: We used National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) 2011 estimates of ambient styrene concentrations to assign exposure levels for 21,962 non-diabetic Gulf state residents, and additionally measured blood styrene concentration in a subset of participants (n = 874). Neurologic symptoms, as well as detailed covariate information, were ascertained via telephone interview. We used log-binomial regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for cross-sectional associations between both ambient and blood styrene levels and self-reported neurologic symptoms. We estimated associations independently for ten unique symptoms, as well as for the presence of any neurologic, central nervous system (CNS), or peripheral nervous system (PNS) symptoms. We also examined heterogeneity of associations with estimated ambient styrene levels by race and sex. Results: One-third of participants reported at least one neurologic symptom. The highest quartile of estimated ambient styrene was associated with one or more neurologic (PR, 1.12; 95% CI: 1.07,1.18), CNS (PR, 1.17; 95% CI: 1.11,1.25), and PNS (PR, 1.16; 95% CI: 1.09,1.25) symptom. Results were less consistent for biomarker analyses, but blood styrene level was suggestively associated with nausea (PR, 1.78; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.03). In stratified analyses, we observed the strongest effects among non-White participants. Conclusions: Increasing estimated ambient styrene concentration was consistently associated with increased prevalence of neurologic symptoms. Associations between blood styrene levels and some neurologic symptoms were suggestive. Environmental styrene exposure levels may be sufficient to elicit symptomatic neurotoxic effects.
Event-Driven Network Programming
Creators: name: McClurg, Jedidiah
name: Hojjat, Hossein
name: Foster, Nate
name: Cerny, Pavol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.3; D.3.2; D.3.4

description: Software-defined networking (SDN) programs must simultaneously describe static forwarding behavior and dynamic updates in response to events. Event-driven updates are critical to get right, but difficult to implement correctly due to the high degree of concurrency in networks. Existing SDN platforms offer weak guarantees that can break application invariants, leading to problems such as dropped packets, degraded performance, security violations, etc. This paper introduces EVENT-DRIVEN CONSISTENT UPDATES that are guaranteed to preserve well-defined behaviors when transitioning between configurations in response to events. We propose NETWORK EVENT STRUCTURES (NESs) to model constraints on updates, such as which events can be enabled simultaneously and causal dependencies between events. We define an extension of the NetKAT language with mutable state, give semantics to stateful programs using NESs, and discuss provably-correct strategies for implementing NESs in SDNs. Finally, we evaluate our approach empirically, demonstrating that it gives well-defined consistency guarantees while avoiding expensive synchronization and packet buffering.
title: Frequency & analysis of non-clinical errors made in radiology reports using the National Integrated Medical Imaging System voice recognition dictation software
Creators: name: Motyer, Ronan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer applications
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Quality assurance

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Voice recognition (VR) dictation of radiology reports has been described as far back as the 1980’s, albeit with caution [1,2]. Over the last two decades, as a result of technological advancements, VR dictation has become the mainstay of radiology...
Wenn das Aufwachen nach der Operation zur Herausforderung wird : pflegerische, nicht-pharmakologische Intervention zur Prävention eines postoperativen Emergence-Deliriums bei Kindern im Akutspital
Creators: name: Petracca, Simona
name: Zürcher, Daniela
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2024
Subjects: Pediatric
Postoperative
Emergence delirium
Non-pharmacological intervention
Tablet based interactive distraction
Mother’s voice
Blindfold training
610.73: Pflege
618.92: Pädiatrie

description: Einleitung: Das pädiatrische Emergence-Delir (pädED) ist eine postoperative Bewusstseins- und Aufmerksamkeitsstörung, die sich negativ auf die Gesundheitsversorgung des Kindes auswirken kann. Die Anwendung von Benzodiazepinen zur präoperativen Angstreduktion kann die Entstehung eines pädED begünstigen. Deshalb nimmt die Bedeutung von alternativen Behandlungsansätzen zu.
Ziel: Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist es, evidenzbasierte, nicht-pharmakologische Interventionen zur Prävention eines pädED aufzuzeigen.
Methode: Zwischen Juli 2023 und Januar 2024 wurde eine systematisierte Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken CINHAL complete und PubMed durchgeführt. Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung wurden sieben quantitative Studien ausgewählt, zusammengefasst, kritisch gewürdigt und miteinander verglichen.
Hauptergebnisse: Der Einsatz von interaktiver Ablenkung mit einem Tablet zeigt eine signifikante Reduktion der Intensität des pädED. Das Anhören einer Tonaufnahme der mütterlichen Stimme und das präoperative Abdecken des Auges vor einem ophthalmologischen Eingriff zeigten zusätzlich eine Reduktion der Inzidenzrate.
Schlussfolgerung: Die in dem Ergebnis erwähnten Interventionen scheinen zur Prävention des pädED wirksame und kostengünstige Alternativen zur Prämedikation mit Benzodiazepinen zu sein. Es ist jedoch weitere Forschung notwendig, um zu überprüfen, ob die Interventionen auch bei Kindern mit kognitiven, physischen oder psychischen Beeinträchtigungen angewendet werden können.
Inequalities from Poisson brackets
Creators: name: Alekseev, Anton
name: Davydenkova, Irina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce the notion of tropicalization for Poisson structures on $\mathbb{R}^n$ with coefficients in Laurent polynomials. To such a Poisson structure we associate a polyhedral cone and a constant Poisson bracket on this cone. There is a version of this formalism applicable to $\mathbb{C}^n$ viewed as a real Poisson manifold. In this case, the tropicalization gives rise to a completely integrable system with action variables taking values in a polyhedral cone and angle variables spanning a torus. As an example, we consider the canonical Poisson bracket on the dual Poisson-Lie group $G^*$ for $G=U(n)$ in the cluster coordinates of Fomin-Zelevinsky defined by a certain choice of solid minors. We prove that the corresponding integrable system is isomorphic to the Gelfand-Zeitlin completely integrable system of Guillemin-Sternberg and Flaschka-Ratiu.
description: 31 pages, 13 figures
title: MR in Endometriosis: Technical aspects
Creators: name: Castela, Tiago
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Education and training
subject: Artifacts
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Pelvis
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: - To present the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) protocol applied in our Hospital for assessing endometriosis. - To show the importance of a good MRI protocol on interpretation accuracy and diagnosis of...
Wenn Kinder ihre Angehörigen pflegen : wie können Pflegefachpersonen Young Carers im onkologischen Setting unterstützen?
Creators: name: Piguet, Anina
name: Mollet, Nayara
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2024
Subjects: Young Carer
Parental cancer
Oncology
Nurse
Healthcare professional
305: Personengruppen (Alter, Herkunft, Geschlecht, Einkommen)
610.73: Pflege

description: Darstellung des Themas: Im Kontext onkologischer Erkrankungen übernehmen Kinder und Jugendliche häufig die Rolle als pflegende Angehörige, sogenannte Young Carers. Diese Bachelorarbeit beleuchtet die Herausforderungen, welche Young Carers in ihrem Alltag begegnen und fokussiert auf die Unterstützungsansätze und -möglichkeiten durch Pflegefachpersonen.
Fragestellung und Ziel: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit ist es, Massnahmen und Ansätze zu identifizieren, welche durch Pflegefachpersonen eingesetzt werden können, um Young Carers im onkologischen Setting zu identifizieren und zu unterstützen. Die Fragestellung lautet: «Wie können Pflegefachpersonen Young Carers im onkologischen Setting unterstützen?»
Methode: Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurde eine systematisierte Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken CINAHL Ultimate und PubMed durchgeführt. Es wurden vier quantitative, zwei qualitative und eine Mixed-Methods Studien ausgewählt, zusammengefasst und beurteilt.
Relevante Ergebnisse: Young Carers übernehmen vielfältige Aufgaben und weisen ein breites Spektrum an Bedürfnissen auf. Zu den relevanten Unterstützungsansätzen gehören die Bereitstellung gewünschter Informationen, emotionale und praktische Unterstützung sowie die Förderung des Austauschs mit anderen Betroffenen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Sensibilisierung und Schulung von Pflegefachpersonen notwendig sind, um Young Carers adäquat unterstützen zu können.
Schlussfolgerung: Diese Arbeit hebt die wichtige Rolle von Pflegefachpersonen bei der Erkennung und Unterstützung von Young Carers hervor.
Segesta. ὁ δᾶμος. 2nd cent. BC. ISegesta G4
Creators: name: Panciera, Emiliano A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Segesta
Ancient Sicily
Elymians
Western Greeks
Greek epigraphy

description: Publication concerning the Greek inscription ISegesta G4 = EDR173187 = ISic001680, with English and Italian translation and bibliography
Effective doublon and hole temperatures in the photo-doped dynamic Hubbard model
Creators: name: Werner, Philipp
name: Eckstein, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hirsch's dynamic Hubbard model describes the effect of orbital expansion with occupancy by coupling the doublon operator to an auxiliary boson. We use the nonequilibrium dynamical mean field method to study the properties of doublon and hole carriers in this model in the strongly correlated regime. In particular, we discuss how photodoping leads to doublon and hole populations with different effective temperatures, and we analyze the relaxation behavior as a function of the boson coupling and boson energy. In the polaronic regime, the nontrivial energy exchange between doublons, holes and bosons can result in a negative temperature distribution for the holes.
Influences of heatwave, rainfall, and tree cover on cholera in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Yunus, M.
name: Ali, M.
name: Wu, J.
name: Escamilla, V.
name: Emch, M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2018

description: Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease and remains a global threat to public health. Climate change and variability have the potential to increase the distribution and magnitude of cholera outbreaks. However, the effect of heatwave on the occurrence of cholera at individual level is still unclear. It is also unknown whether the local vegetation could potentially mitigate the effects of extreme heat on cholera outbreaks. In this study, we designed a case-crossover study to examine the association between the risk of cholera and heatwaves as well as the modification effects of rainfall and tree cover. The study was conducted in Matlab, a cholera endemic area of rural Bangladesh, where cholera case data were collected between January 1983 and April 2009. The association between the risk of cholera and heatwaves was examined using conditional logistic regression models. The results showed that there was a higher risk of cholera two days after heatwaves (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07–2.19) during wet days (rainfall > 0 mm). For households with less medium-dense tree cover, the heatwave after a 2-day lag was positively associated (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.01–3.22) with the risk of cholera during wet days. However, for households with more medium-dense tree cover, the association between the risk of cholera and heatwave in 2-day lag was not significant. These findings suggest that heatwaves might promote the occurrence of cholera, while this relationship was modified by rainfall and tree cover. Further investigations are needed to explore major mechanisms underlying the association between heatwaves and cholera as well as the beneficial effects of tree cover.
title: Automatic labelling of lesions using radiofrequency feature discrimination
Creators: name: Bannister, peter
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Experimental
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Imaging of the breast exploits a number of different physical properties of breast tissue such as electron density or acoustic impedance. Dielectric property which determines propagation and absorption of radio waves similarly varies in different...
Drug-Resistance and population structure of plasmodium falciparum across the democratic Republic of Congo using high-Throughput molecular inversion probes
Creators: name: Juliano, J.J.
name: Verity, R.
name: Mwandagalirwa, M.K.
name: Ghansah, A.
name: Tshefu, A.K.
name: Tran, A.
name: Greenhouse, B.R.
name: Janko, M.
name: Marsh, P.W.
name: Tessema, S.K.
name: Emch, M.
name: Ghani, A.C.
name: Aydemir, O.
name: Bailey, J.A.
name: Meshnick, S.R.
name: Reimonn, T.
name: Hathaway, N.J.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2018

description: A better understanding of the drivers of the spread of malaria parasites and drug resistance across space and time is needed. These drivers can be elucidated using genetic tools. Here, a novel molecular inversion probe (MIP) panel targeting all major drug-resistance mutations and a set of microsatellites was used to genotype Plasmodium falciparum infections of 552 children from the 2013–2014 Demographic and Health Survey conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Microsatellite-based analysis of population structure suggests that parasites within the DRC form a homogeneous population. In contrast, sulfadoxine-resistance markers in dihydropteroate synthase show marked spatial structure with ongoing spread of double and triple mutants compared with 2007. These findings suggest that parasites in the DRC remain panmictic despite rapidly spreading antimalarial-resistance mutations. Moreover, highly multiplexed targeted sequencing using MIPs emerges as a cost-effective method for elucidating pathogen genetics in complex infections in large cohorts.
Understanding the newly observed heavy pentaquark candidates
Creators: name: Liu, Xiao-Hai
name: Wang, Qian
name: Zhao, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that several thresholds can contribute to the enhancements of the newly observed heavy pentaquark candidates $P_c^+(4380)$ and $P_c^+(4450)$ via the anomalous triangle singularity (ATS) transitions in the specific kinematics of $Λ_b\to J/ψK^- p$. Apart from the observed two peaks we find that another peaks around 4.5 GeV can also be produced by the ATS. We also show that the $Σ_c^{(*)}$ can be produced at leading order in $Λ_b$ decay. This process is different from the triangle diagram and its threshold enhancement only appears as CUSP effects if there is no pole structure or the ATS involved. The threshold interaction associated with the presence of the ATS turns out to be a general phenomenon and plays a crucial role in the understanding of candidates for exotic states.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables; published version in PLB
The effectiveness of community bed net use on malaria parasitemia among children less than 5 years old in Liberia
Creators: name: Emch, M.
name: Stebbins, R.C.
name: Meshnick, S.R.
Publisher: name: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2018

description: In 2013, the under-5 mortality rate in Liberia was 71 deaths per 1,000 live births, with malaria responsible for 22% of those deaths. One of the primary existing control tools, long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs), is thought to be dually effective, acting as a physical barrier but also decreasing the mosquito population in communities. However, there has been little investigation into the protective effects of community-wide bed net use above and beyond the individual level. Using data from the population-representative 2011 Liberia Malaria Indicator Survey, we estimated the association between proportion of a community using LLINs and malaria in children using multi-level logistic regression. To investigate the potential effect measure modification of the relationship by urbanicity, we included an interaction term and calculated stratum-specific prevalence odds ratios (PORs) for rural and urban communities. We calculated a POR of malaria for an absolute 10% increase in community bed net use of 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91, 1.41) and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.92) for rural and urban communities, respectively, indicating a strong, though imprecise, protective effect within urban communities only. Our results indicate that bed net use has an indirect protective effect in urban areas, above and beyond individual use. Little or no such effect of community-wide use is seen in rural areas, likely because of population density factors. Therefore, although all control efforts should be multifaceted, promotion of bed net use in urban areas in particular will likely be a highly effective tool for control.
(101556) James Pavey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
THE PRACTICE OF CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT TO STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Creators: name: Suciati, Nana
name: Winindyasari P, Tri
name: Rusdiana, Ida
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This material was presented in ACT +1 activities and International Conference on Digital Education and Social Science as a presenter
The Where and How for Reaching Transgender Women and Men Who Have Sex with Men with HIV Prevention Services in Guatemala
Creators: name: Pettifor, A.E.
name: Miller, W.M.
name: Chen, S.Y.
name: Emch, M.E.
name: Miller, W.C.
name: Barrington, C.
name: Weir, S.S.
name: Paz-Bailey, G.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2017

description: This study aims to describe the transgender women and men who have sex with men (MSM) missed through venue-based sampling and illustrate how data on venues can be used to prioritize service delivery. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-location sampling (TLS) were used concurrently in 2010 for behavioral surveillance among MSM and transgender women in Guatemala City. RDS recruits who did not frequent venues (n = 106) were compared to TLS recruits (n = 609). TLS participants recruited at different types of venues were compared. RDS recruits who did not frequent venues were less educated, less likely to identify as gay, more likely to have concurrent partners and female sexual partners. Participants recruited at NGOs, saunas, hotels, streets and parks had more partners, were more likely to receive money for sex or have concurrent partners. Prevention programs for MSM and transgender women should characterize social venues and people that frequent them and improve service coverage through venues and social networks.
title: Arthritis. A radiographie pictorial review.
Creators: name: Resende, Lucas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Radiographers
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Education
subject: Arthritides
subject: Education and training
subject: Inflammation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review imaging patterns of the different types of arthritis and to help establishing differential diagnosis among them based on...
Environmental factors associated with childhood norovirus diarrhoea in León, Nicaragua
Creators: name: Bucardo, F.
name: Espinoza, F.
name: Vinje, J.
name: Cuthbertson, C.C.
name: Paniagua, M.
name: Becker-Dreps, S.
name: Giebultowicz, S.
name: Emch, M.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2017

description: Norovirus is detected in one in five diarrhoea episodes in children, yet little is known about environmental risk factors associated with this disease, especially in low-income settings. The objective of this study was to examine environmental risk factors, and spatial and seasonal patterns of norovirus diarrhoea episodes in children in León, Nicaragua. We followed a population-based cohort of children under age 5 years for norovirus diarrhoea over a 1-year period. At baseline, characteristics of each household were recorded. Households were geocoded and spatial locations of garbage dumps, rivers, and markets were collected. In bivariate analysis we observed younger children and those with animals in their households were more likely to have experienced norovirus episodes. In adjusted models, younger children remained at higher risk for norovirus episodes, but only modest associations were observed with family and environmental characteristics. We next identified symptomatic children living in the same household and within 500 m buffer zones around the household of another child infected with the same genotype. Norovirus diarrhoea episodes peaked early in the rainy season. These findings contribute to our understanding of environmental factors and norovirus infection.
Dark Matter Halos in Galaxies and Globular Cluster Populations. II: Metallicity and Morphology
Creators: name: Harris, William
name: Harris, Gretchen
name: Hudson, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An increasing body of data reveals a one-to-one linear correlation between galaxy halo mass and the total mass in its globular cluster (GC) population, M_{GCS} ~ M_h^{1.03 \pm 0.03}, valid over 5 orders of magnitude. We explore the nature of this correlation for galaxies of different morphological types, and for the subpopulations of metal-poor (blue) and metal-rich (red) GCs. For the subpopulations of different metallicity we find M_{GCS}(blue) ~ M_h^{0.96 \pm 0.03} and M_{GCS}(red) ~ M_h^{1.21 \pm 0.03} with similar scatter. The numerical values of these exponents can be derived from the detailed behavior of the red and blue GC fractions with galaxy mass and provide a self-consistent set of relations. In addition, all morphological types (E, S0, S/Irr) follow the same relation, but with a second-order trend for spiral galaxies to have a slightly higher fraction of metal-rich GCs for a given mass. These results suggest that the amount of gas available for GC formation at high redshift was in nearly direct proportion to the dark-matter halo potential, in strong contrast to the markedly nonlinear behavior of total stellar mass versus halo mass. Of the few available theoretical treatments that directly discuss the formation of GCs in a hierarchical merging framework,the model of Kravtsov & Gnedin (2005) best matches these observations. They find that the blue, metal-poor GCs formed in small halos at $z > 3$ and did so in nearly direct proportion to halo mass. Similar models addressing the formation rate of the red, metal-richer GCs in the same detail and continuing to lower redshift are still needed for a comprehensive picture.
description: In press for Astrophysical Journal
title: Inter-vender and intra-vender reliability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI): implications for multicenter clinical imaging study
Creators: name: Min, Jeeyoung
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Image verification

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to evaluate inter-vender reliability and intra-venter reliability of diffusion tensor imaging by using various diffusion tensor...
Pfhrp2 -Deleted Plasmodium falciparum Parasites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A National Cross-sectional Survey
Creators: name: Keeler, C.
name: Doctor, S.M.
name: Emch, M.
name: Verity, R.
name: Janko, M.
name: Carey-Ewend, K.
name: Slater, H.C.
name: Tshefu, A.K.
name: Juliano, J.J.
name: Likwela, J.L.
name: Parr, J.B.
name: Ghani, A.C.
name: Whitesell, A.N.
name: Meshnick, S.R.
name: Mwandagalirwa, K.
name: Turman, B.J.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2017

description: Background. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) account for more than two-thirds of malaria diagnoses in Africa. Deletions of the Plasmodium falciparum hrp2 (pfhrp2) gene cause false-negative RDT results and have never been investigated on a national level. Spread of pfhrp2-deleted P. falciparum mutants, resistant to detection by HRP2-based RDTs, would represent a serious threat to malaria elimination efforts. Methods. Using a nationally representative cross-sectional study of 7,137 children under five years of age from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), we tested 783 subjects with RDT-/PCR+ results using PCR assays to detect and confirm deletions of the pfhrp2 gene. Spatial and population genetic analyses were employed to examine the distribution and evolution of these parasites. Results. We identified 149 pfhrp2-deleted parasites, representing 6.4% of all P. falciparum infections country-wide (95% confidence interval 5.1-8.0%). Bayesian spatial analyses identified statistically significant clustering of pfhrp2 deletions near Kinshasa and Kivu. Population genetic analysis revealed significant genetic differentiation between wild-type and pfhrp2-deleted parasite populations (G ST =.046, p ≤.00001). Conclusions. Pfhrp2-deleted P. falciparum is a common cause of RDT-/PCR+ malaria among asymptomatic children in the DRC and appears to be clustered within select communities. Surveillance for these deletions is needed, and alternatives to HRP2-specific RDTs may be necessary.
title: CT of repaired complex congenital heart disease in the adult: a pictorial review
Creators: name: Suárez, Jorge
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Congenital
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Cardiac

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Describe the appropriateness of cardiac computed tomography to evaluate adults with complex congenital heart disease. Present different surgical approaches and review images found after procedures; including post-surgical tetralogy of Fallot, single...
The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Longitudinal Trends of Cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh, 1993-2007
Creators: name: Rodd, J.
name: Root, E.D.
name: Emch, M.
name: Yunus, M.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2013

description: There has been little evidence of a decline in the global burden of cholera in recent years as the number of cholera cases reported to WHO continues to rise. Cholera remains a global threat to public health and a key indicator of lack of socioeconomic development. Overall socioeconomic development is the ultimate solution for control of cholera as evidenced in developed countries. However, most research has focused on cross-county comparisons so that the role of individual- or small area-level socioeconomic status (SES) in cholera dynamics has not been carefully studied. Reported cases of cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh have fluctuated greatly over time and epidemic outbreaks of cholera continue, most recently with the introduction of a new serotype into the region. The wealth of longitudinal data on the population of Matlab provides a unique opportunity to explore the impact of socioeconomic status and other demographic characteristics on the long-term temporal dynamics of cholera in the region. In this population-based study we examine which factors impact the initial number of cholera cases in a bari at the beginning of the 0139 epidemic and the factors impacting the number of cases over time. Cholera data were derived from the ICDDR,B health records and linked to socioeconomic and geographic data collected as part of the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Longitudinal zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) multilevel regression models are used to examine the impact of environmental and socio-demographic factors on cholera counts across baris. Results indicate that baris with a high socioeconomic status had lower initial rates of cholera at the beginning of the 0139 epidemic (γ01 = -0.147, p = 0.041) and a higher probability of reporting no cholera cases (α01 = 0.156, p = 0.061). Populations in baris characterized by low SES are more likely to experience higher cholera morbidity at the beginning of an epidemic than populations in high SES baris.
Zwischen Mitgefühl und Erschöpfung : Compassion Fatigue bei Pflegefachpersonen in der pädiatrischen Onkologie
Creators: name: Kaulich, Sophie
name: Mohamed, Fatuma
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2024
Subjects: Compassion fatigue
Nurses
Pediatrics
Oncology
Intervention
Job satisfaction
610.73: Pflege
618.92: Pädiatrie

description: Einleitung: Pflegefachpersonen in der pädiatrischen Onkologie stehen vor der anspruchsvollen Aufgabe, Kinder und ihre Familien in schwierigen Lebenssituationen zu begleiten und zu unterstützen. Durch die emotionale Verbindung zu schwerkranken Patient:innen können Pflegefachpersonen mit der Zeit Mitgefühlsmüdigkeit (Compassion Fatigue, CF) entwickeln, insbesondere angesichts von Personalmangel und steigenden Anforderungen im Pflegebereich.
Fragestellung: Welche Faktoren beeinflussen das Auftreten von Compassion Fatigue bei Pflegefachpersonen in der pädiatrischen Onkologie, und welche wirksamen Interventionen können angewendet werden, um die Arbeitszufriedenheit der Pflegefachpersonen in diesem Bereich zu verbessern?
Methode: Es wurde eine systematisierte Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken CINAHL Ultimate, Pubmed und PsycINFO durchgeführt. Dabei wurden neun Hauptstudien identifiziert, darunter acht quantitative Studien und eine Mixed-Methode-Studie.
Ergebnisse: Es wurden diverse Faktoren erfasst, die sich sowohl positiv als auch negativ auf das Auftreten von Compassion Fatigue auswirken können. Zudem wurden wirksame Interventionen ermittelt, die darauf abzielen, die Arbeitszufriedenheit der Pflegefachpersonen zu verbessern. Diese Interventionen umfassen die Sensibilisierung für CF, Resilienz, emotionale Unterstützung, Zuneigung zu Kindern, strukturelle Ressourcen, Förderung der Work-Life-Balance und Entspannungstechniken.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Bedeutung einer ganzheitlichen Herangehensweise zur Bewältigung von CF wird hervorgehoben, was die Sensibilisierung von Pflegefachpersonen für dieses Phänomen und die Implementierung wirksamer Interventionen unerlässlich macht.
Nebel im Kopf : pflegerische Unterstützung für Patient:innen mit einer Chemotherapie-induzierten kognitiven Beeinträchtigung
Creators: name: Nievergelt, Lara
name: Vasu, Vithushika
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2024
Subjects: Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment
Intervention
Adults
Cancer survivors
610.73: Pflege
616: Innere Medizin und Krankheiten

description: Einleitung: 75 % der Krebsüberlebenden zeigen während oder nach der Chemotherapie kognitive Beeinträchtigungen. In der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit wird die pflegerische Unterstützung für Patient:innen mit einer Chemotherapie-induzierten kognitiven Beeinträchtigung (CikB) untersucht. Das Ziel ist, evidenzbasierte Interventionsstrategien zu beschreiben, die das Wohlbefinden und die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen verbessern.
Methode: In dem Zusammenhang wurde eine systematisierte Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken CINAHL Ultimate und PubMed durchgeführt, ergänzt durch das Schneeballprinzip. Die ausgewählten Studien wurden mittels eines Critical-Appraisal-Tools bewertet, um die Qualität der Evidenz zu bestimmen.
Ergebnisse: Es zeigt sich, dass spezifische pflegerische Interventionen wie kognitive Trainingsprogramme, physische Aktivitätsprogramme und psychosoziale Unterstützung positive Auswirkungen auf die Symptome von CikB haben sowie die Lebensqualität verbessern können.
Schlussfolgerung: Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit wird die Notwendigkeit deutlich, Pflegefachpersonen für die Herausforderungen von CikB zu sensibilisieren und zu schulen. Es wird empfohlen, Interventionen in die klinische Praxis zu integrieren, um eine umfassende Betreuung und Unterstützung der Betroffenen zu gewährleisten. Ersichtlich ist darüber hinaus, dass weiterführende Forschung erforderlich ist, um die Wirksamkeit und die Implementierung der vorgeschlagenen Interventionen zu optimieren.
(101552) Mary Partridge
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Abdominal Cystic Masses - May Not Be Innocent : A Pictorial Essay
Creators: name: Duman, Emrah
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Cysts
subject: Teleradiology
subject: Surgery
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: CT
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Cystic abdominal masses are common in both children and adults. These masses may cause various symptoms and signs depending on the size, location and mass effect on the adjacent abdominal structures. Cystic abdominal lesions can arise from any solid...
A spectral characterization of nonlinear normal modes
Creators: name: Cirillo, Giuseppe Ilario
name: Mauroy, Alexandre
name: Renson, Ludovic
name: Kerschen, Gaëtan
name: Sepulchre, Rodolphe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper explores the relationship that exists between nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) defined as invariant manifolds in phase space and the spectral expansion of the Koopman operator. Specifically, we demonstrate that NNMs correspond to zero level sets of specific eigenfunctions of the Koopman operator. Thanks to this direct connection, a new, global parametrization of the invariant manifolds is established. Unlike the classical parametrization using a pair of state-space variables, this parametrization remains valid whenever the invariant manifold undergoes folding, which extends the computation of NNMs to regimes of greater energy. The proposed ideas are illustrated using a two-degree-of-freedom system with cubic nonlinearity.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures
The simultaneous effects of spatial and social networks on cholera transmission
Creators: name: Yunus, M.
name: Emch, M.
name: Ali, M.
name: Giebultowicz, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: This study uses social network and spatial analytical methods simultaneously to understand cholera transmission in rural Bangladesh. Both have been used separately to incorporate context into health studies, but using them together is a new and recent approach. Data include a spatially referenced longitudinal demographic database consisting of approximately 200,000 people and a database of all laboratory-confirmed cholera cases from 1983 to 2003. A complete kinship-based network linking households is created, and distance matrices are also constructed to model spatial relationships. A spatial error-social effects model tested for cholera clustering in socially linked households while accounting for spatial factors. Results show that there was social clustering in five out of twenty-one years while accounting for both known and unknown environmental variables. This suggests that environmental cholera transmission is significant and social networks also influence transmission, but not as consistently. Simultaneous spatial and social network analysis may improve understanding of disease transmission.
Absolute Calibration of the Radio Astronomy Flux Density Scale at 22 to 43 GHz Using Planck
Creators: name: Partridge, B.
name: López-Caniego, M.
name: Perley, R. A.
name: Stevens, J.
name: Butler, B. J.
name: Rocha, G.
name: Walter, B.
name: Zacchei, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Planck mission detected thousands of extragalactic radio sources at frequencies from 28 to 857 GHz. Planck's calibration is absolute (in the sense that it is based on the satellite's annual motion around the Sun and the temperature of the cosmic microwave background), and its beams are well characterized at sub-percent levels. Thus Planck's flux density measurements of compact sources are absolute in the same sense. We have made coordinated VLA and ATCA observations of 65 strong, unresolved Planck sources in order to transfer Planck's calibration to ground-based instruments at 22, 28, and 43 GHz. The results are compared to microwave flux density scales currently based on planetary observations. Despite the scatter introduced by the variability of many of the sources, the flux density scales are determined to 1-2% accuracy. At 28 GHz, the flux density scale used by the VLA runs 3.6% +- 1.0% below Planck values; at 43 GHz, the discrepancy increases to 6.2% +- 1.4% for both ATCA and the VLA.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures and 4 tables
title: Briefing and Debriefing in Radiology to enhance Patient Safety
Creators: name: Antoniutti, Martina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Experimental
subject: Radiographers
subject: Management

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Radiology is a complex context where there are a lot of complex variables, as well as patient, such as high level of technology and information and dangerous equipment that require the ability to work efficiently in Team with a good and clear...
A Logarithmic Correction in the Entropy Functional Formalism
Creators: name: Hammad, Fayçal
name: Faizal, Mir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entropy functional formalism allows one to recover general relativity, modified gravity theories, as well as the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula. In most approaches to quantum gravity, the Bekenstein-Hawking's entropy formula acquires a logarithmic correction term. As such terms occur almost universally in most approaches to quantum gravity, we analyze the effect of such terms on the entropy functional formalism. We demonstrate that the leading correction to the micro-canonical entropy in the entropy functional formalism can be used to recover modified theories of gravity already obtained with an uncorrected micro-canonical entropy. Furthermore, since the entropy functional formalism reproduces modified gravity, the rise of gravity-dependent logarithmic corrections turns out to be one way to impose constraints on these theories of modified gravity. The constraints found here for the simple case of an F(R)-gravity are the same as those obtained in the literature from cosmological considerations.
description: 12 pages, 0 figures, Accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
title: Neck muscles and deep spaces made simple.
Creators: name: Santoscoy, MONTSERRAT
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Head and neck
subject: Anatomy
subject: Education
subject: Abscess
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Inflammation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Anatomic review of cervical spaces; demarcating their contents, muscles and adjacent structures. 2. To describe the role of MRI imaging of the neck and the main features of some pathologies. 3. Case-based review of a variety of pathologic...