cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The quantum Hamilton Jacobi equation and the link between classical and quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Girard, Mario Fusco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how the classical Hamilton's principal and characteristic functions are generated from the solutions of the quantum Hamilton-Jacobi equation. While in the classically forbidden regions these quantum quantities directly tend to the classical ones, this is not the case in the allowed regions. There, the limit is reached only if the quantum fluctuations are eliminated by means of coarse-graining averages. Analogously, the classical Hamilton-Jacobi scheme bringing to the motion's equations arises from a similar formal quantum procedure.
Editorial: Epigenetic regulation in cardiovascular diseases, volume II
Creators: name: Rau C.D.
name: Pillai I.C.L.
name: Xu S.
name: Wang Z.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2023

description: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Precise diagnosis, prevention, and targeted therapies of CVD essentially relies on our deepened understanding of the complex pathophysiology of CVD. The pathogenesis of CVD can be understood at three different levels, i.e., systems level, cellular level and molecular level. The phenotype at the systems level can be explained by changes at the cellular level, while the cellular phenotype is determined by molecular events driven by changes in gene expression patterns. Emerging evidence has unequivocally demonstrated the important role of epigenetics in the regulation of gene expression in various cell types involved in CVD. Epigenetics, by its definition, indicate heritable phenotypes resulting from changes in chromatin without altering DNA sequence. Beyond transcriptional regulation by transcription factors, the expression of genes can be controlled by, among other things, DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA modifications, and chromatin remodeling. It has been well recognized that epigenetic regulation of gene expression is high dynamic and reversible as various writers, readers, and erasers of epigenetic modification act in concert to regulate gene expression programs related to CVD. Studies elucidating epigenetic regulations in CVD will, in turn, promote novel drug discoveries to treat CVD by targeting epigenetic modifications. In the current research topic, we have collected 5 high-quality studies which include 3 review articles and 2 research articles, which cover research advance and future direction in the epigenetic regulation of CVD, ranging from atherosclerosis to myocardial injury and remodeling.
A porosity-based Biot model for acoustic waves in snow
Creators: name: Sidler, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase velocities and attenuation in snow can not be explained by the widely used elastic or viscoelastic models for acoustic wave propagation. Instead, Biot's model of wave propagation in porous materials should be used. However, the application of Biot's model is complicated by the large property space of the underlying porous material. Here the properties of ice and air as well as empirical relationships are used to define the properties of snow as a function of porosity. Based on these relations, phase velocities and plane wave attenuation of shear- and compressional-waves as functions of porosity or density are predicted. For light snow the peculiarity was found that the velocity of the first compressional wave is lower than the second compressional wave that is commonly referred to as the "slow" wave. The reversal of the velocities comes with an increase of attenuation for the first compressional wave. This is in line with the common observation that sound is strongly absorbed in light snow. The results have important implications for the use of acoustic waves to evaluate snow properties and to numerically simulate wave propagation in snow.
description: Change title. Reduce length of manuscript. Add snapshots from numerical simulations to illustrate slow first compressional wave. Add analysis of dynamic viscous effects
Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus infection in women with or at risk for HIV infection in the United States
Creators: name: Adimora A.A.
name: Pfeiffer R.M.
name: Price J.C.
name: Rana A.
name: Akiyama M.J.
name: Bolivar H.H.
name: Mahale P.
name: Glenn J.
name: O’Brien T.R.
name: Sheth A.
name: Koshiol J.
name: French A.
name: Argirion I.
name: Plankey M.
name: Seaberg E.C.
name: Kuniholm M.H.
name: Liu P.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2023

description: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) requires co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) shares transmission routes with these viruses. Among 4,932 US women infected with or at-risk for HIV during 1994–2015, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was more common in women with HIV (2.8% vs. 1.2%; p = 0.001); HDV was more common among participants enrolled during 2013–2015 (p = 0.0004) and those with resolved rather than active hepatitis C (1.9% vs. 0.5%; p = 0.02). Among HBsAg-positive women (n = 117), HDV antibody prevalence was 22% and did not vary by HIV status; HDV infection was associated with the presence of advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis at enrollment (adjusted odds ratio, 5.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.46–22.29). Our results demonstrate the importance of HDV testing in HBV-infected US women.
Asymptotically flat vacuum solution for a rotating black hole in a modified gravity theory
Creators: name: Das, Arghya Ranjan
name: Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of f(R)-gravity is one of the theories of modified Einstein gravity. The vacuum solution, on the other hand, of the field equation is the solution for black hole geometry. We establish here an asymptotically flat rotating black hole solution in an f(R)-gravity. This essentially leads to the modified solution to the Kerr black hole. This solution exhibits the change in fundamental properties of the black hole and its geometry. It particularly shows that radii of marginally stable and bound orbits and black hole event horizon increase compared to those in Einstein gravity, depending on the modified gravity parameter. It further argues for faster spinning black holes with spin (Kerr) parameter greater than unity, without any naked singularity. This supports the weak cosmic censorship hypothesis.
description: 12 pages including 6 figures and 2 tables; some typos corrected; version published in European Physical Journal C (EPJC)
Chiral condensate in nf=2 QCD from the Banks-Casher relation
Creators: name: Engel, Georg P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exploiting the Banks-Casher relation, we present a direct determination of the chiral condensate in two-flavor QCD, computing the mode number of the O(a)-improved Wilson-Dirac operator below various cutoffs. We make use of CLS-configurations with three different lattice spacings in the range of 0.05-0.08 fm and pion masses down to 190 MeV. Our data indicate a non-zero density of eigenmodes near the origin and hence points to spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. We extrapolate our results to the continuum and chiral limit to give a result for the chiral condensate.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, talk presented at the 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - Lattice 2014, June 23-28, 2014, Columbia University New York, NY
Phase diagram and edge states of the $ν=5/2$ fractional quantum Hall state with Landau level mixing and finite well thickness
Creators: name: Tylan-Tyler, Anthony
name: Lyanda-Geller, Yuli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $ν=5/2$ fractional quantum Hall effect is a system of intense experimental and theoretical interest as its ground state may host non-abelian excitations, but the exact nature of the ground state is still undetermined. We present the results of an exact diagonalization study of an electron system in the disk configuration including the effects of Landau level (LL) mixing and the finite thickness of the quantum well confining the electrons. The degeneracy between the two leading candidates for the ground state, the Pfaffian and anti-Pfaffian, is broken by interactions with a neutralizing background, in addition to the inclusion of two- and three-body interactions via LL mixing. As a result of the neutralizing background in the disc configuration, there is a phase transition from the anti-Pfaffian to the Pfaffian as LL mixing is turned on, in stark contrast to what is observed in a spherical geometry. The LL mixing leads to an increased charge $e/4$ quasihole size. LL mixing interactions are also shown to overcome the effects of edge reconstruction. Due to finite thickness effects, these properties are enhanced dramatically. We also find that only the Pfaffian and anti-Pfaffian states continue to possess energy gaps at finite width, while gaps for compressible stripe states close.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Time-dependent Debye-Mie Series Solutions for Electromagnetic Scattering
Creators: name: Li, Jie
name: Shanker, Balasubramaniam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Frequency domain Mie solutions to scattering from spheres have been used for a long time. However, deriving their transient analogue is a challenge as it involves an inverse Fourier transform of the spherical Hankel functions (and their derivatives) that are convolved with inverse Fourier transforms of spherical Bessel functions (and their derivatives). Series expansion of these convolutions are highly oscillatory (therefore, poorly convergent) and unstable. Indeed, the literature on numerical computation of this convolution is very sparse. In this paper, we present a novel quasi-analytical approach to computing transient Mie scattering that is both stable and rapidly convergent. The approach espoused here is to use vector tesseral harmonics as basis function for the currents in time domain integral equations together with a novel addition theorem for the Green's functions that renders these expansions stable. This procedure results in an orthogonal, spatially-meshfree and singularity-free system, giving us a set of one dimensional Volterra Integral equations. Time-dependent multipole coefficients for each mode are obtained via a time marching procedure. Finally, several numerical examples are presented to show the accuracy and stability the proposed method.
Calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis: Updates on pathogenesis and treatment
Creators: name: Dvergsten J.A.
name: Wu E.Y.
name: Cannon L.
name: Pinotti C.S.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2023

description: Calcinosis, or the deposition of insoluble calcium salts in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, tendons, and muscles, is a feared complication of juvenile dermatomyositis. Calcinosis is estimated to affect up to 40% of patients with juvenile dermatomyositis and contributes to significant disease morbidity. Calcinosis can be challenging to treat, and the most effective treatment remains unknown because of a lack of comparative studies. We aim to review the literature published in the last 5 years to summarize updates on the pathogenesis and treatment of calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis and describe future areas for research.
What to Hide from Your Students: Attention-Guided Masked Image Modeling
Creators: name: Kakogeorgiou, Ioannis
name: Gidaris, Spyros
name: Psomas, Bill
name: Avrithis, Yannis
name: Bursuc, Andrei
name: Karantzalos, Konstantinos
name: Komodakis, Nikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transformers and masked language modeling are quickly being adopted and explored in computer vision as vision transformers and masked image modeling (MIM). In this work, we argue that image token masking differs from token masking in text, due to the amount and correlation of tokens in an image. In particular, to generate a challenging pretext task for MIM, we advocate a shift from random masking to informed masking. We develop and exhibit this idea in the context of distillation-based MIM, where a teacher transformer encoder generates an attention map, which we use to guide masking for the student. We thus introduce a novel masking strategy, called attention-guided masking (AttMask), and we demonstrate its effectiveness over random masking for dense distillation-based MIM as well as plain distillation-based self-supervised learning on classification tokens. We confirm that AttMask accelerates the learning process and improves the performance on a variety of downstream tasks. We provide the implementation code at https://github.com/gkakogeorgiou/attmask.
description: ECCV 2022. Codes and models are available at https://github.com/gkakogeorgiou/attmask
Hybrid rank-1 and rank-2 U(1) lattice gauge theory, the F3 model, and its effective field theory
Creators: name: Kim, Jintae
name: Oh, Yun-Tak
name: Han, Jung Hoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of exactly solvable spin models, including the Kitaev toric code in two and three dimensions and the X-cube model in three dimensions, can be related to their respective parent lattice gauge theories (LGT) through the mathematical process of 'Higgsing'. Field theories of the low-energy excitations of these spin models can be developed subsequently, building upon the symmetry of the parent LGTs. Recently, two of the present authors proposed a variant of the three-dimensional toric code which we now call the F3 model, whose elementary excitations consist of freeon and fluxon excitations of the three-dimensional toric code and fracton excitations of the X-cube model. In this work, we identify the parent LGT of the F3 model as the hybrid rank-1 and rank-2 U(1) LGT, and develop the corresponding field theory. The resulting Lagrangian of the F3 model is that of a three-dimensional toric code with an extra term, which ties the dynamics of fractons to that of fluxons. The matter part of the effective action for the F3 model can be derived as well, by carefully keeping track of the gauge invariance of the F3 model. Hydrodynamic equations of motion of the quasiparticles are derived, which properly reflect their constrained dynamics. Finally, we present a tight-binding model for the quasiparticle motion in the F3 model.
description: 11 pages
Slow-roll inflation in $f(R,T)$ gravity with a $RT$ mixing term
Creators: name: Chen, Che-Yu
name: Reyimuaji, Yakefu
name: Zhang, Xinyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider slow-roll inflationary models in a class of modified theories of gravity which contains non-minimal curvature-inflaton couplings, i.e., the $f(R,T)$ gravity, where $R$ is the Ricci scalar and $T$ is the trace of the inflaton energy-momentum tensor. On top of the minimally coupled $T$ that has been widely investigated in the literature, we further include a $RT$ mixing term in the theory. This mixing term introduces non-minimal derivative couplings and plays an important role in inflationary dynamics. Taking chaotic and natural inflation as examples, we find that the predictions for spectral tilt and the tensor-to-scalar ratio are sensitive to the existence of the $RT$ mixing term. In particular, by turning on this mixing term, it is possible to bring chaotic and natural inflation into better agreement with observational data.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, updated to match the published version
Effective-Dimension Theory of Critical Phenomena above Upper Critical Dimensions
Creators: name: Zeng, Shaolong
name: Szeto, Sue Ping
name: Zhong, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase transitions and critical phenomena are among the most intriguing phenomena in nature and their renormalization-group theory is one of the greatest achievements of theoretical physics. However, the predictions of the theory above an upper critical dimension $d_c$ seriously disagree with reality. In addition to its fundamental significance, the problem is also of practical importance because both complex systems with spatial or temporal long-range interactions and quantum phase transitions can substantially lower $d_c$. The extant scenarios built on a dangerous irrelevant variable (DIV) to resolve the problem introduce two sets of critical exponents and even two sets of scaling laws whose origin is obscure. Here, we consider the DIV from a different perspective and clearly unveil the origin of the two sets of exponents and hence the intrinsic inconsistency in those scenarios. We then develop an effective-dimension theory in which critical fluctuations and system volume are fixed at an effective dimension by the DIV. This enables us to account for all the extant results consistently. A novel asymptotic finite-size scaling behavior for a correlation function together with a new anomalous dimension and its associated scaling law is also derived.
description: 6 pages, no figure
More Evidence for Variable Helium Absorption from HD 189733b
Creators: name: Zhang, Michael
name: Cauley, P. Wilson
name: Knutson, Heather A.
name: France, Kevin
name: Kreidberg, Laura
name: Oklopčić, Antonija
name: Redfield, Seth
name: Shkolnik, Evgenya L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new Keck/NIRSPEC observation of metastable helium absorption from the upper atmosphere of HD 189733b, a hot Jupiter orbiting a nearby moderately active star. We measure an average helium transit depth of $0.420 \pm 0.013$% integrated over the [-20, 20] km/s velocity range. Comparing this measurement to eight previously published transit observations with different instruments, we find that our depth is 32% (9$σ$) lower than the average of the three CARMENES transits, but only 16% (4.4$σ$) lower than the average of the five GIANO transits. We perform 1D hydrodynamical simulations of the outflow, and find that XUV variability on the order of 33%--common for this star--can change the helium absorption depth by 60%. We conclude that changes in stellar XUV flux can explain the observational variability in helium absorption. 3D models are necessary to explore other sources of variability, such as shear instability and changing stellar wind conditions.
description: Published by AJ
Quantum optimal control within the rotating wave approximation
Creators: name: Keck, Maximilian
name: Müller, Matthias M.
name: Calarco, Tommaso
name: Montangero, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay between rotating wave approximation and optimal control. In particular, we show that for a wide class of optimal control problems one can choose the control field such that the Hamiltonian becomes time-independent under the rotating wave approximation. Thus, we show how to recast the functional minimization defined by the optimal control problem into a simpler multi-variable function minimization. We provide the analytic solution to the state-to-state transfer of the paradigmatic two-level system and to the more general star configuration of an $N$-level system. We demonstrate numerically the usefulness of this approach in the more general class of connected acyclic $N$-level systems with random spectra. Finally, we use it to design a protocol to entangle Rydberg via constant laser pulses atoms in an experimentally relevant range of parameters.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
The broadening of Lyman-alpha forest absorption lines
Creators: name: Garzilli, Antonella
name: Theuns, Tom
name: Schaye, Joop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide an analytical description of the line broadening of HI absorbers in the Lyman-alpha forest resulting from Doppler broadening and Jeans smoothing. We demonstrate that our relation captures the dependence of the line-width on column density for narrow lines in z~3 mock spectra remarkably well. Broad lines at a given column density arise when the underlying density structure is more complex, and such clustering is not captured by our model. Our understanding of the line broadening opens the way to a new method to characterise the thermal state of the intergalactic medium and to determine the sizes of the absorbing structures.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Contact Tracing Without User Intervention
Creators: name: Yuen, Brosnan
name: Bie, Yifeng
name: Cairns, Duncan
name: Harper, Geoffrey
name: Xu, Jason
name: Chang, Charles
name: Dong, Xiaodai
name: Lu, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Previous contact tracing systems required the users to perform many manual actions, such as installing smartphone applications, joining wireless networks, or carrying custom user devices. This increases the barrier to entry and lowers the user adoption rate. As a result, the contact tracing effectiveness is reduced. Unlike the systems above, we propose a new privacy preserving Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (BLE) contact tracing system that does not require smartphone applications, joining wireless networks, or custom user devices. Our specially built routers seamlessly track smartphones, laptops, smartwatches, BLE headphones, and tablets without any user action, but do not trace user identity. Mapping between devices and users is only carried out for confirmed cases and suspected contacts. Moreover, we can track the absolute positions of user devices within 1.0 m due to using bidirectional long short-term memory neural networks that are trained with data pre-collected by an autonomous robot. This allows public health authorities to track indirect droplet and surface transmissions that other contact tracing systems often overlook.
Transfer Importance Sampling -- How Testing Automated Vehicles in Multiple Test Setups Helps With the Bias-Variance Tradeoff
Creators: name: Winkelmann, Max
name: Vasconi, Constantin
name: Müller, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The promise of increased road safety is a key motivator for the development of automated vehicles (AV). Yet, demonstrating that an AV is as safe as, or even safer than, a human-driven vehicle has proven to be challenging. Should an AV be examined purely virtually, allowing large numbers of fully controllable tests? Or should it be tested under real environmental conditions on a proving ground? Since different test setups have different strengths and weaknesses, it is still an open question how virtual and real tests should be combined. On the way to answer this question, this paper proposes transfer importance sampling (TIS), a risk estimation method linking different test setups. Fusing the concepts of transfer learning and importance sampling, TIS uses a scalable, cost-effective test setup to comprehensively explore an AV's behavior. The insights gained then allow parameterizing tests in a more trustworthy test setup accurately reflecting risks. We show that when using a trustworthy test setup alone is prohibitively expensive, linking it to a scalable test setup can increase efficiency $\unicode{x2013}$ without sacrificing the result's validity. Thus, the test setups' individual deficiencies are compensated for by their systematic linkage.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
What shapes attitudes on gender roles among adolescents in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Streatfield, Avita J.
name: Jamil, Kanta
name: Haider, M. Moinuddin
name: Nahar, Quamrun
name: Khan, Shusmita
name: Rahman, Md Mahabubur
name: Rahman, Mizanur
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2023

description: Background In Bangladesh, large gender differentials exist in outcomes in almost all spheres of life, stemming from conservative norms and attitudes around gender. Adolescence is a crucial period for social-emotional learning that can shape gender norms and attitudes.ObjectiveThe aim of the paper is to investigate the extent to which adolescents hold egalitarian attitudes toward gender roles, and to examine the factors that influence egalitarian gender attitudes. Methods The paper uses data from a nationally representative sample survey of 7,800 unmarried girls and 5,523 unmarried boys ages 15–19 years. Adolescents were considered to have egalitarian attitudes on gender role if they disagreed with all the following four unequal gender role statements with regards to socio-economic participation, while respondents who agreed with any one of the four statements were considered to have non-egalitarian attitudes: (1) It is important that sons have more education than daughters, (2) Outdoor games are only for boys, not girls, (3) Household chores are for women only, not for men, even if the woman works outside the home, and (4) Women should not be allowed to work outside the home. Multivariable linear probability regression analysis was implemented to identify the factors shaping attitudes on gender roles. Results Unmarried girls and boys differ hugely in their views on gender roles regarding socio economic participation-girls were much more egalitarian than boys (58 vs. 19%). The multivariate linear probability model results show girls and boys who completed at least grade 10 were 31% points and 15% points more likely to have egalitarian views on gender roles respectively, compared to girls and boys with primary or less education. Having strong connection with parents is associated with having egalitarian views on gender roles among girls but not boys. Adolescents' individual attitude on gender role is highly associated with the views of their community peers for both girls and boys. Girls and boys who had participated in adolescent programs were 6–7% points more likely to have egalitarian attitude than those who were not exposed to these programs. Egalitarian views were also significantly higher, by 5% points among girls and 6% points among boys, who were members of social organizations compared to those who were not. Watching television had positive influence on egalitarian attitudes among girls but not among boys. To create a more egalitarian society, both men and women need to hold progressive attitudes toward gender roles. The interventions must be multilevel, influencing adolescents at the personal, interpersonal, communal, and societal levels.
Wilson lines for AdS_5 black strings
Creators: name: Hristov, Kiril
name: Katmadas, Stefanos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a simple method of extending AdS_5 black string solutions of 5d gauged supergravity in a supersymmetric way by addition of Wilson lines along a circular direction in space. When this direction is chosen along the string, and due to the specific form of 5d supergravity that features Chern-Simons terms, the existence of magnetic charges automatically generates conserved electric charges in a 5d analogue of the Witten effect. Therefore we find a rather generic, model-independent way of adding electric charges to already existing solutions with no backreaction from the geometry or breaking of any symmetry. We use this method to explicitly write down more general versions of the Benini-Bobev black strings and comment on the implications for the dual field theory and the similarities with generalizations of the Cacciatori-Klemm black holes in AdS_4.
description: 13 pages; v2 improved discussion, added references
What powers the wind from the black hole accretion disc in GRO J1655-40?
Creators: name: Tomaru, Ryota
name: Done, Chris
name: Mao, Junjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole accretion discs can produce powerful outflowing plasma (disc winds), seen as blue-shifted absorption lines in stellar and supermassive systems. These winds in Quasars have an essential role in controlling galaxy formation across cosmic time, but there is no consensus on how these are physically launched. A single unique observation of a stellar-mass black hole GRO J1655-40 was used to argue that magnetic driving was the only viable mechanism and motivated unified models of magnetic winds in both binaries and Quasars. The alternative, X-ray heating (thermal-radiative wind), was ruled out for the low observed luminosity by the high wind density estimated from an absorption line of a metastable level of Fe xxii. Here we reanalyse these data using a photoionisation code that includes cascades from radiative excitation as well as collisions in populating the metastable level. The cascade reduces the inferred wind density by more than an order of magnitude. The derived column is also optically thick, so the source is intrinsically more luminous than observed. We show that a thermal-radiative wind model calculated from a radiation hydrodynamic simulation matches well with the data. We revisit the previous magnetic wind solution and show that this is also optically thick, leading to a larger source luminosity. However, unlike the thermal-radiative wind, it struggles to reproduce the overall ion population at the required density. These results remove the requirement for a magnetic wind in these data and remove the basis of the self-similar unified magnetic wind models extrapolated to Quasar outflows
description: 14 pages, 15 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Local Detailed Balance : A Microscopic Derivation
Creators: name: Bauer, Michel
name: Cornu, Françoise
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal contact is the archetype of non-equilibrium processes driven by constant non-equilibrium constraints when the latter are enforced by reservoirs exchanging conserved microscopic quantities. At a mesoscopic scale only the energies of the macroscopic bodies are accessible together with the configurations of the contact system. We consider a class of models where the contact system, as well as macroscopic bodies, have a finite number of possible configurations. The global system with only discrete degrees of freedom has no microscopic Hamiltonian dynamics, but it is shown that, if the microscopic dynamics is assumed to be deterministic and ergodic and to conserve energy according to some specific pattern, and if the mesoscopic evolution of the global system is approximated by a Markov process as closely as possible, then the mesoscopic transition rates obey three constraints. In the limit where macroscopic bodies can be considered as reservoirs at thermodynamic equilibrium (but with different intensive parameters) the mesoscopic transition rates turn into transition rates for the contact system and the third constraint becomes local detailed balance ; the latter is generically expressed in terms of the microscopic exchange entropy variation, namely the opposite of the variation of the thermodynamic entropy of the reservoir involved in a given microscopic jump of the contact system configuration. For a finite-time evolution after contact has been switched on we derive a fluctuation relation for the joint probability of the heat amounts received from the various reservoirs. The generalization to systems exchanging energy, volume and matter with several reservoirs, with a possible conservative external force acting on the contact system, is given explicitly.
description: 26 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1302.4538
A sensitive horizontal atom interferometer for testing acceleration from an in-vacuum source mass
Creators: name: Peng, Guanchen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Light-pulse atom interferometry has been powerful in testing fundamental physics. Because of its precision and sensitivity to inertial forces, the study of gravitational phenomena using an atom interferometer with various configurations has become a new trend in this community. This thesis presents my effort in characterising and improving the acceleration sensitivity of an 87Rb atom interferometer that is sensitive to the horizontal acceleration of atomic motion, which can be used to constrain chameleon dark energy force from an in-vacuum source mass. We achieved ≈ 10^7 atoms for interferometry in 800 ms including loading 87Rb atoms into a magneto-optical trap, vertically launching them upwards, preparing their internal state in |F = 1,mF = 0⟩ state and velocity selection. After minimising AC Stark shifts with a novel scheme using microwave spectroscopy, this centimetre-scale fountain configuration allowed us to interrogate our atom interferometer with three Raman pulses separated by T = 33 ms, which achieved an acceleration sensitivity of 30-40 μm/s^2 per shot. This acceleration sensitivity is more than a factor of two better than 86-156 μm/s^2 per shot reported for the last generation. We quantified the noise contribution to our acceleration sensitivity, which was found to be dominated by phase noise. With this improved interferometer, we measured an acceleration of −2.597 ± 0.186 μm/s^2 in 92 hours. This negative result is not compatible with a chameleon dark energy induced fifth-force, which leads to a discussion of systematics.
Private sector antimalarial sales a decade after “test and treat”: A cross-sectional study of drug shop clients in rural Uganda
Creators: name: Emch, Michael
name: Muhindo, Rabbison
name: Barrington, Clare
name: Boyce, Ross M.
name: Mumbere, Nobert
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Shelus, Victoria
name: Mulogo, Edgar M.
name: Baguma, Emmanuel
name: Herrington, James E.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2023

description: Background The World Health Organization has promoted “test and treat” guidelines for malaria since 2010, recommending all suspected malaria cases be confirmed with a parasitological test, typically a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), prior to treatment with antimalarial medications. However, many fevers at private drug shops in Uganda continue to be treated presumptively as malaria without diagnostic testing. Methods The purpose of this study was to document private sector malaria case management in rural Uganda through a cross-sectional survey of drug shop clients in Bugoye sub-county. Drug shop vendors (n = 46) recorded information about sales interactions with clients reporting fever or requesting antimalarials and collected capillary blood samples from clients who purchased medications without an RDT. We estimated the proportion of clients who purchased an RDT, adhered to the RDT result, and received antimalarials without having laboratory-confirmed malaria. Results Most drug shops were unlicensed (96%) and sold RDTs (98%). Of 934 clients with suspected malaria who visited study drug shops during the data collection period, only 25% bought an RDT. Since some clients reported previous RDTs from the public sector, 40% of clients were aware of their malaria status at the drug shop. Among those with negative tests, 36% still purchased antimalarials. Sixty-five percent of clients who purchased an antimalarial without an RDT subsequently tested negative. Conclusions Despite national guidelines, drug shop clients who purchase antimalarials from drug shops in Bugoye are often not tested to confirm a malaria diagnosis prior to treatment. Most clients treated presumptively with antimalarials did not have malaria. Interventions are needed to improve malaria case management and rational drug use in the private sector.
Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision
Creators: name: Li, Yueming
name: Jiang, Ying
name: Lan, Lu
name: Ge, Xiaowei
name: Cheng, Ran
name: Zhan, Yuewei
name: Chen, Guo
name: Shi, Linli
name: Wang, Runyu
name: Zheng, Nan
name: Yang, Chen
name: Cheng, Ji-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the millimeter level. Here, we report optically-generated focused ultrasound (OFUS) for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision. OFUS is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad (SOAP) fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane film. SOAP generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83 um, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial-focused ultrasound (tFUS). Here, we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound cycle. We demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in vivo. An acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm^2, four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS, is sufficient for successful OFUS neurostimulation. OFUS offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision non-invasively.
description: 36 pages, 5 main figures, 13 supplementary figures
Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and similarity transformations
Creators: name: Fernández, Francisco M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that similarity (or equivalent) transformations enable one to construct non-Hermitian operators with real spectrum. In this way we can also prove and generalize the results obtained by other authors by means of a gauge-like transformation and its generalization. Such similarity transformations also reveal the connection with pseudo-Hermiticity in a simple and straightforward way. In addition to it we consider the positive and negative eigenvalues of a three-parameter non-Hermitian oscillator.
Massive Twinning to Enhance Emergent Intelligence
Creators: name: Yuan, Siyu
name: Han, Bin
name: Krummacker, Dennis
name: Schotten, Hans D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As a complement to conventional AI solutions, emergent intelligence (EI) exhibits competitiveness in 6G IIoT scenario for its various outstanding features including robustness, protection to privacy, and scalability. However, despite the low computational complexity, EI is challenged by its high demand of data traffic in massive deployment. We propose to leverage massive twinning, which 6G is envisaged to support, to reduce the data traffic in EI and therewith enhance its performance.
description: Shortened to 4 pages as a short paper upon request by DistInSys 2022
Modeling and Executing Production Processes with Capabilities and Skills using Ontologies and BPMN
Creators: name: Köcher, Aljosha
name: da Silva, Luis Miguel Vieira
name: Fay, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Current challenges of the manufacturing industry require modular and changeable manufacturing systems that can be adapted to variable conditions with little effort. At the same time, production recipes typically represent important company know-how that should not be directly tied to changing plant configurations. Thus, there is a need to model general production recipes independent of specific plant layouts. For execution of such a recipe however, a binding to then available production resources needs to be made. In this contribution, select a suitable modeling language to model and execute such recipes. Furthermore, we present an approach to solve the issue of recipe modeling and execution in modular plants using semantically modeled capabilities and skills as well as BPMN. We make use of BPMN to model \emph{capability processes}, i.e. production processes referencing abstract descriptions of resource functions. These capability processes are not bound to a certain plant layout, as there can be multiple resources fulfilling the same capability. For execution, every capability in a capability process is replaced by a skill realizing it, effectively creating a \emph{skill process} consisting of various skill invocations. The presented solution is capable of orchestrating and executing complex processes that integrate production steps with typical IT functionalities such as error handling, user interactions and notifications. Benefits of the approach are demonstrated using a flexible manufacturing system.
description: \c{opyright} 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
A Multi-Head Convolutional Neural Network With Multi-path Attention improves Image Denoising
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiahong
name: Qu, Meijun
name: Wang, Ye
name: Cao, Lihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and attention mechanisms have been widely used in image denoising and achieved satisfactory performance. However, the previous works mostly use a single head to receive the noisy image, limiting the richness of extracted features. Therefore, a novel CNN with multiple heads (MH) named MHCNN is proposed in this paper, whose heads will receive the input images rotated by different rotation angles. MH makes MHCNN simultaneously utilize features of rotated images to remove noise. To integrate these features effectively, we present a novel multi-path attention mechanism (MPA). Unlike previous attention mechanisms that handle pixel-level, channel-level, or patch-level features, MPA focuses on features at the image level. Experiments show MHCNN surpasses other state-of-the-art CNN models on additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) denoising and real-world image denoising. Its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) results are higher than other networks, such as BRDNet, RIDNet, PAN-Net, and CSANN. The code is accessible at https://github.com/JiaHongZ/MHCNN.
Mirror Symmetry in Physics: The Basics
Creators: name: Quigley, Callum
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: These notes are aimed at mathematicians working on topics related to mirror symmetry, but are unfamiliar with the physical origins of this subject. We explain the physical concepts that enable this surprising duality to exist, using the torus as an illustrative example. Then, we develop the basic foundations of conformal field theory so that we can explain how mirror symmetry was first discovered in that context. Along the way we will uncover a deep connection between conformal field theories with (2,2) supersymmetry and Calabi-Yau manifolds. (Based on lectures given during the "Thematic Program on Calabi-Yau Varieties: Arithmetic, Geometry and Physics" at the Fields Institute in Toronto, October 10-11, 2013.)
description: 74 pages, 9 figures
Capabilities and Skills in Manufacturing: A Survey Over the Last Decade of ETFA
Creators: name: Froschauer, Roman
name: Köcher, Aljosha
name: Meixner, Kristof
name: Schmitt, Siwara
name: Spitzer, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Industry 4.0 envisions Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs) to foster adaptive production of mass-customizable products. Manufacturing approaches based on capabilities and skills aim to support this adaptability by encapsulating machine functions and decoupling them from specific production processes. At the 2022 IEEE conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), a special session on capability- and skill-based manufacturing is hosted for the fourth time. However, an overview on capability- and skill based systems in factory automation and manufacturing systems is missing. This paper aims to provide such an overview and give insights to this particular field of research. We conducted a concise literature survey of papers covering the topics of capabilities and skills in manufacturing from the last ten years of the ETFA conference. We found 247 papers with a notion on capabilities and skills and identified and analyzed 34 relevant papers which met this survey's inclusion criteria. In this paper, we provide (i) an overview of the research field, (ii) an analysis of the characteristics of capabilities and skills, and (iii) a discussion on gaps and opportunities.
description: \c{opyright} 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works