cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Policy: High Commodity and Input Prices
Creators: name: Schmitz, Andrew
name: Furtan, William Hartley
name: Schmitz, Troy G.
name: Schmitz, Andrew
name: Furtan, William Hartley
name: Schmitz, Troy G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agricultural policy
subject: high commodity prices
subject: input prices

description: Because of high commodity prices, beginning in 2006, subsidies to farmers in the United States, the European Union, and Canada have been reduced significantly. However, significant losses have been experienced by the red meat sector, along with escalating food prices. Because of rising input costs, the “farm boom” may not be as great as first thought. Ethanol made from corn and country-of-origin labeling cloud the U.S. policy scene. Higher commodity prices have caused some countries to lower tariff and non-tariff barriers, resulting in freer commodity trade worldwide. Policymakers should attempt to make these trade-barrier cuts permanent and should rethink current policy legislation to deal with the possibility of a collapse of world commodity markets. Agricultural commodity prices have dropped significantly since early 2008.
Constraints from gravitational wave detections of binary black hole mergers on the $^{12}\rm{C}\left(α,γ\right)^{16}\!\rm{O}$ rate
Creators: name: Farmer, Robert
name: Renzo, Mathieu
name: de Mink, Selma
name: Fishbach, Maya
name: Justham, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave detections are starting to allow us to probe the physical processes in the evolution of very massive stars through the imprints they leave on their final remnants. Stellar evolution theory predicts the existence of a gap in the black hole mass distribution at high mass due to the effects of pair-instability. Previously, we showed that the location of the gap is robust against model uncertainties, but it does depend sensitively on the uncertain $^{12}\rm{C}\left(α,γ\right)^{16}\!\rm{O}$ rate. This rate is of great astrophysical significance and governs the production of oxygen at the expense of carbon. We use the open source MESA stellar evolution code to evolve massive helium stars to probe the location of the mass gap. We find that the maximum black hole mass below the gap varies between $40\rm{M}_\odot$ to $90\rm{M}_\odot$, depending on the strength of the uncertain $^{12}\rm{C}\left(α,γ\right)^{16}\!\rm{O}$ reaction rate. With the first ten gravitational-wave detections of black holes, we constrain the astrophysical S-factor for $^{12}\rm{C}\left(α,γ\right)^{16}\!\rm{O}$, at $300\rm{keV}$, to $S_{300}>175\rm{\,keV\, barns}$ at 68% confidence. With $\mathcal{O}(50)$ detected binary black hole mergers, we expect to constrain the S-factor to within $\pm10$-$30\rm{\,keV\, barns}$. We also highlight a role for independent constraints from electromagnetic transient surveys. The unambiguous detection of pulsational pair instability supernovae would imply that $S_{300}>79\rm{\,keV\, barns}$. Degeneracies with other model uncertainties need to be investigated further, but probing nuclear stellar astrophysics poses a promising science case for the future gravitational wave detectors.
description: 20 pages, 8 Figures, 2 Tables, Accepted ApJL
Stellar populations in a complete sample of local radio galaxies
Creators: name: Raimann, D.
name: Storchi-Bergmann, T.
name: Quintana, H.
name: Hunstead, R.
name: Wisotzki, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nature of the continuum emission and stellar populations in the inner 1-3 kiloparsecs of a complete sample of twenty-four southern radio galaxies, and compare the results with a control sample of eighteen non-active early-type galaxies. Twelve of the radio galaxies are classified as Fanaroff-Riley type I (FRI), eight as FRII and four as intermediate or undefined type (FRx). Optical long-slit spectra are used to perform spectral synthesis as a function of distance from the nucleus at an average sampling of 0.5-1.0kpc and quantify the relative contributions of a blue featureless continuum and stellar population components of different ages. Our main finding is a systematic difference between the stellar populations of the radio and control sample galaxies: the former have a larger contribution from an intermediate age (1Gyr) component, suggesting a connection between the present radio activity and a starburst which occurred about 1Gyr ago. In addition, we find a correlation between the contribution of the 1Gyr component and the radio power, suggesting that more massive starbursts have led to more powerful radio emission. A similar relation is found between the radio power and the mean age of the stellar population, in the sense that stronger nuclear activity is found in younger galaxies.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, MNRAS in press
Tuning In to Characters: Translating Mónica Ojeda's The Silva Disfigurement
Creators: name: Bryer, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470321
subject: Translation and interpretation studies
classificationCode: 470520
subject: Literature in Spanish and Portuguese

description: Developments in narrative theory have seen a burgeoning of scholarly interest in the mimetic thickness of characters in fiction. Previously, structuralists were suspicious of the emotional involvement that comes with viewing characters as possible people, which may explain in part why character analysis in the practice of literary translation has been studied so seldom. My thesis seeks to address this gap, using Marie-Laurie Ryan’s ‘world model’ of characters. It seeks to argue that character analysis can be a powerful tool for translators of literary fiction. It can assist them to shape their translation strategy and define their translation choices. I argue as much through an approach that interweaves theoria and praxis. I devote half my thesis to a translation of Mónica Ojeda’s archival novel, La desfiguración Silva. In carrying out this translation, I mobilise character analysis in several ways: to formulate my preliminary translation strategy; to render voice; and to nuance other, genre-based decisions. In the process, I develop what I refer to throughout my critical commentary as an ethics of disfigurement, which recalls not only the source text through which this ethics was developed, but also Antoine Berman’s ‘textual deformation’. By way of this allusion, I cast disfigurement in a contrary posture, spotlighting the gains that works stand to accrue when they are recreated by other people in other cultures. My translation is full of deformations; it is also, if it has succeeded in what I set out to do, respectful of the work’s ‘shapeless polylogic’. Engaging with Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s translations and theories helped me envision this apparently paradoxical state as one I wished to strive for.
Income Stabilization Through Government Payments: How Is Farm Household Consumption Affected?
Creators: name: Whitaker, James B.
name: Effland, Anne
name: Whitaker, James B.
name: Effland, Anne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agricultural policy
subject: consumption
subject: farm households
subject: government payments

description: We estimate the impacts of various types of government payments to U.S. agriculture on different components of farm household consumption. Using 2003 to 2005 data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), we show that marginal rates of consumption differ by consumption category and income source, including different types of farm program payments. The results suggest that farm households treat income from different sources as imperfect substitutes and may reserve income from specific sources for specific types of consumption. Implications for the effects of different types of government payments on the farm household are considered.
Higgs-confinement phase transitions with fundamental representation matter
Creators: name: Cherman, Aleksey
name: Jacobson, Theodore
name: Sen, Srimoyee
name: Yaffe, Laurence G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the conditions under which Higgs and confining regimes in gauge theories with fundamental representation matter fields can be sharply distinguished. It is widely believed that these regimes are smoothly connected unless they are distinguished by the realization of global symmetries. However, we show that when a $U(1)$ global symmetry is spontaneously broken in \emph{both} the confining and Higgs regimes, the two phases can be separated by a phase boundary. The phase transition between the two regimes may be detected by a novel topological vortex order parameter. We first illustrate these ideas by explicit calculations in gauge theories in three spacetime dimensions. Then we show how our analysis generalizes to four dimensions, where it implies that nuclear matter and quark matter are sharply distinct phases of QCD with an approximate $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry.
description: v3: published version
LC-Protonets: Multi-Label Few-Shot Learning for World Music Audio Tagging
Creators: name: Papaioannou, Charilaos
name: Benetos, Emmanouil
name: Potamianos, Alexandros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We introduce Label-Combination Prototypical Networks (LC-Protonets) to address the problem of multi-label few-shot classification, where a model must generalize to new classes based on only a few available examples. Extending Prototypical Networks, LC-Protonets generate one prototype per label combination, derived from the power set of labels present in the limited training items, rather than one prototype per label. Our method is applied to automatic audio tagging across diverse music datasets, covering various cultures and including both modern and traditional music, and is evaluated against existing approaches in the literature. The results demonstrate a significant performance improvement in almost all domains and training setups when using LC-Protonets for multi-label classification. In addition to training a few-shot learning model from scratch, we explore the use of a pre-trained model, obtained via supervised learning, to embed items in the feature space. Fine-tuning improves the generalization ability of all methods, yet LC-Protonets achieve high-level performance even without fine-tuning, in contrast to the comparative approaches. We finally analyze the scalability of the proposed method, providing detailed quantitative metrics from our experiments. The implementation and experimental setup are made publicly available, offering a benchmark for future research.
Discovery of a New WZ Sagittae Type Cataclysmic Variable in the Kepler/K2 Data
Creators: name: Ridden-Harper, R.
name: Tucker, B. E.
name: Garnavich, P.
name: Rest, A.
name: Margheim, S.
name: Shaya, E. J.
name: Littlefield, C.
name: Barensten, G.
name: Hedges, C.
name: Gully-Santiago, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify a new, bright transient in the Kepler/K2 Campaign 11 field. Its light curve rises over seven magnitudes in a day and then declines three magnitudes over a month before quickly fading another two magnitudes. The transient was still detectable at the end of the campaign. The light curve is consistent with a WZ~Sge type dwarf nova outburst. Early superhumps with a period of 82 minutes are seen in the first 10 days and suggest that this is the orbital period of the binary which is typical for the WZ~Sge class. Strong superhump oscillations develop ten days after peak brightness with periods ranging between 83 and 84 minutes. At 25 days after the peak brightness a bump in the light curve appears to signal a subtle rebrightening phase implying that this was an unusual type-A outburst. This is the only WZ~Sge type system observed by Kepler/K2 during an outburst. The early rise of this outburst is well-fit with a broken power law. In first 10 hours the system brightened linearly and then transitioned to a steep rise with a power law index of 4.8. Looking at archival Kepler/K2 data and new TESS observations, a linear rise in the first several hours at the initiation of a superoutburst appears to be common in SU~UMa stars.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables, accepted to appear in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Payments under the Average Crop Revenue Program: Implications for Government Costs and Producer Preferences
Creators: name: Cooper, Joseph C.
name: Cooper, Joseph C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: domestic support
subject: counter-cyclical payments
subject: revenue
subject: price
subject: corn
subject: yield
subject: pairs bootstrap
subject: kernel density
subject: combinatorial optimization

description: This paper develops a stochastic model for comparing payments to U.S. corn producers under the U.S. Senate’s Average Crop Revenue Program (ACR) versus payments under the price-based marketing loan benefit and countercyclical payment programs. Using this model, the paper examines the sensitivity of the density function for payments to changes in expected price levels. We also assess the impact of the choice of yield aggregation used in the ACR payment rate on the mean and variance of farm returns. We find that ACR payments lower the producer’s coefficient of variation of total revenue more than does the price-based support, although ACR may not raise mean revenue as much. While corn farmers in the heartland states might still prefer to receive the traditional forms of support when prices are low relative to statutory loan rates and target prices, this outcome is not necessarily the case for farmers in peripheral production regions.
MitoSeg: Mitochondria Segmentation Tool
Creators: name: Taşel, Faris Serdar
name: Çiftci, Efe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent studies suggest a potential link between the physical structure of mitochondria and neurodegenerative diseases. With advances in Electron Microscopy techniques, it has become possible to visualize the boundary and internal membrane structures of mitochondria in detail. It is crucial to automatically segment mitochondria from these images to investigate the relationship between mitochondria and diseases. In this paper, we present a software solution for mitochondrial segmentation, highlighting mitochondria boundaries in electron microscopy tomography images and generating corresponding 3D meshes.
What an Agile Leader Does: The Group Dynamics Perspective
Creators: name: Gren, Lucas
name: Lindman, Magdalena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When large industrial organizations change to(or start with) an agile approach to operations, managers and some employees are supposed to be "agile leaders" often without being given a clear definition of what that comprises when building agile teams. An inductive thematic analysis was used to investigate what 15 appointed leaders actually do and perceive as challenges regarding group dynamics working with an agile approach. Team maturity, Team design, and Culture and mindset were all categories of challenges related to group dynamics that the practitioners face and manage in their work-life that are not explicitly mentioned in the more process-focused agile transformation frameworks. The results suggest that leader mitigation of these three aspects of group dynamics is essential to the success of an agile transformation.
description: 16 pages
Dasyhelea sternalis Remm 1980
Creators: name: Borkent, Art
name: Dominiak, Patrycja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
Dasyhelea
Dasyhelea sternalis

description: sternalis Remm, 1980: 110
. Tajikistan.
description: Published as part of Borkent, Art & Dominiak, Patrycja, 2020, Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 1-377 in Zootaxa 4787 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4787.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4280910
Parsec-scale jet direction evolution in AGNs
Creators: name: Kostrichkin, Ivan
name: Plavin, Alexander
name: Pushkarev, Alexander
name: Butuzova, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the variability of the parsec-scale jet directions in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our analysis involves 317 AGNs at frequencies ranging from 2 to 43 GHz, and is made possible by developing an automatic inner jet direction measurement procedure. We find strong significant variations in a one quarter of these AGNs; the effect is likely ubiquitous, and not detected in the rest due to a limited sensitivity and observations epoch coverage. Average apparent jet rotation speeds range from 0.21 deg/yr at 2 GHz to 1.04 deg/yr at 43 GHz. This strong frequency dependence indicates that the variability cannot be explained by jet components propagating ballistically without acceleration: more complex jet shapes or patterns are required. Still, we demonstrate that the apparent direction changes are predominantly caused by the jet nozzle rotations, and not by individual components propagating transversely to the jet. In this work, we focus on variability scales much longer than the times of observations, that is > 50 years. Using our measurements, we bound potential periods to less than 1000 years in the source rest frame for 90% AGNs in the sample. This allows us to constrain mechanisms causing these variations if they are periodic, such as instabilities, disk-driven precession, or binary black hole effects.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, published in MNRAS
The Triple-Decker Complex [Cp*Fe(µ,η5:η5-P5)Mo(CO)3] as a Building Block in Coordination Chemistry
Creators: name: Elsayed Moussa, Mehdi
name: Welsch, Stefan
name: Dütsch, Luis
name: Piesch, Martin
name: Reichl, Stephan
name: Seidl, Michael
name: Scheer, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: triple-decker; cyclo-P5; weakly coordinating; molybdenum; silver; copper
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Although the triple-decker complex [Cp*Fe(µ,η5:η5-P5)Mo(CO)3] (2) was first reported 26 years ago, its reactivity has not yet been explored. Herein, we report a new high-yielding synthesis of 2 and the isolation of its new polymorph (2’). In addition, we study its reactivity towards AgI and CuI ions. The reaction of 2 with Ag[BF4] selectively produces the coordination compound [Ag{Cp*Fe(µ,η5:η5-P5)Mo(CO)3}2][BF4] (3). Its reaction with Ag[TEF] and Cu[TEF] ([TEF]− = [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]−) leads to the selective formation of the complexes [Ag{Cp*Fe(µ,η5:η5-P5)Mo(CO)3}2][TEF] (4) and [Cu{Cp*Fe(µ,η5:η5-P5)Mo(CO)3}2][TEF] (5), respectively. The X-ray structures of compounds 3–5 each show an MI ion (MI = AgI, CuI) bridged by two P atoms from two triple-decker complexes (2). Additionally, four short MI···CO distances (two to each triple-decker complex 2) participate in stabilizing the coordination sphere of the MI ion. Evidently, the X-ray structure for compound 3 shows a weak interaction of the AgI ion with one fluorine atom of the counterion [BF4]−. Such an Ag···F interaction does not exist for compound 4. These findings demonstrate the possibility of using triple-decker complex 2 as a ligand in coordination chemistry and opening a new perspective in the field of supramolecular chemistry of transition metal compounds with phosphorus-rich complexes.
Intrinsic threshold electric field for domain wall motion in ferroelectrics based on discretized phase-field model
Creators: name: Tian, Huanhuan
name: Yang, Jianguo
name: Liu, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the development of ferroelectric memories, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the ferroelectric switching behaviors at small applied electric fields. In this \rv{paper}, we use discretized phase-field models to systematically investigate the intrinsic threshold electric field (TEF) to drive flat 180$^\circ$ and 90$^\circ$ domain walls (DWs), which can not be captured by continuum models. The results show that this TEF increases as the ratio of DW width to unit cell size decreases, and it becomes significant if the DW width is thinner than two unit cells. The results are qualitatively consistent with existing first-principles studies and cryogenic experiments. In addition, this work proposes a conceptual model to explain the activation electric field (AEF) observed in experiments at room temperature. This work improves the understanding of DW motion kinetics at small applied fields, and shows that the mesh size and orientation are both important for the phase-field modeling of the above process.
Timescales of quantum equilibration, dissipation and fluctuation in nuclear collisions
Creators: name: Simenel, C.
name: Godbey, K.
name: Umar, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the dynamics of equilibration processes in quantum systems as well as their interplay with dissipation and fluctuation is a major challenge in quantum many-body theory. The timescales of such processes are investigated in collisions of atomic nuclei using fully microscopic approaches. Results from time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) and time-dependent random-phase approximation (TDRPA) calculations are compared for 13 systems over a broad range of energies. The timescale for full mass equilibration ($\sim2\times10^{-20}$s) is found to be much larger than timescales for neutron-to-proton equilibration, kinetic energy and angular momentum dissipations which are on the order of $10^{-21}$s. Fluctuations of mass numbers in the fragments and correlations between their neutron and proton numbers build up within only a few $10^{-21}$s. This indicates that dissipation is basically not impacted by mass equilibration, but is mostly driven by the exchange of nucleons between the fragments.
description: Letter: 6 pages, 5 figures. Supplemental material (tables): 18 pages. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Dasyhelea storai Borkent 1997, New name
Creators: name: Borkent, Art
name: Dominiak, Patrycja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
Dasyhelea
Dasyhelea storai

description: storai Borkent, 1997b: 14. New name for canariensis Storå.
 canariensis Storå, 1936: 36 (as variety of flavoscutellata Zetterstedt, preoccupied by Dasyhelea canariensis (Santos Abreu, 1918)).
Canary Islands (Spain).
description: Published as part of Borkent, Art & Dominiak, Patrycja, 2020, Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 1-377 in Zootaxa 4787 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4787.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4280910
Spin current and magneto-electric effect in non-collinear magnets
Creators: name: Katsura, Hosho
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
name: Balatsky, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new microscopic mechanism of the magneto-electric (ME) effect based on the spin supercurrent is theoretically presented for non-collinear magnets. The close analogy between the superconductors (charge current) and magnets (spin current) is drawn to derive the distribution of the spin supercurrent and the resultant electric polarization. Application to the spiral spin structure is discussed.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Groundwater Management and the Cost of Reduced Surface Water Deliveries to Urban Areas: The Case of the Central and West Coast Basins of Southern California
Creators: name: Sunding, David L.
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
name: Ajami, Newsha K.
name: Sunding, David L.
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
name: Ajami, Newsha K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: groundwater
subject: water supply
subject: water costs
subject: water demand
subject: water policy

description: The Central and West Coast groundwater basins (“basins” or “Central and West Coast Basins”) are located in southern Los Angeles County. Groundwater produced from these basins provides approximately forty percent of the water supply for residents and businesses in all or parts of 43 cities. The 4 million residents in the area comprise more than ten percent of the total population of the State of California. This report measures the economic costs and benefits of the various program elements encompassed by the proposed judgment amendments (Judgment Amendments) to pumpers extracting groundwater in the basins. Because those pumpers include water agencies, who collectively serve nearly 4 million customers the economic costs and benefits also extend to the region as a whole. The analysis calculates such costs and benefits by modeling basin storage, water supply augmentation, replenishment and water leasing activities, taking into account variations in the availability of imported water. The analysis is conducted at an aggregate level, which means the collection of all water agencies and entities in the Central and West Coast Basins. The analysis conservatively examines only the benefits that would accrue to the current holders of adjudicated groundwater rights in the Basins and does not attempt to quantify the direct or indirect benefits that may accrue to other entities (e.g., entities that may seek to access the “regional” storage space). Benefits are expressed in both annual and present value terms, with present values calculated in 2009 dollars. The potential benefits are calculated based on the use of the storage space by a groundwater right holder whether through a priority right granted under the Judgment Amendments or on a “space available, at risk of spill” basis. Finally, the time frame for the analysis is 2009-2030, the term of the Judgment Amendments.
Green Schwarz superstring on a pp-wave Ramond-Ramond background
Creators: name: Ramadanovic, Bojan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The discovery of the dualities between the large N gauge theories and the string theories on the particular curved backgrounds has made the later subject of much study over the last decade. Of particular interest is the string theory on AdSz, x S5 which was shown by Maladacena to be dual to the conformal Af = 4 super Yang-Mills theory. This string theory, however, is difficult to quantize and it proved useful to work in the specific Penrose limit of the AdS$ x S5. String theory on this limit, called pp-wave background, proved to be explicitly quantizable and furthermore it turned out to be itself a dual of the particular limit of the corresponding Conformal Field Theory. It became therefore an important case for testing the principles of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The properties of the string theory on this background have been studied extensively by Metsaev and Metsaev and Tseytlin in the papers hep-th/0112044 and hepth/ 0202109 and this thesis is mostly a review of their results. The type IIB superstring action is constructed and quantized on the background and the supergravity spectrum of the theory is found. Finally some results concerning two-point functions and vertex operators, not given in Metsaev, are derived.
eta-Nucleon Scattering Length and Effective Range uncertainties
Creators: name: Green, A. M.
name: Wycech, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coupled eta-N, pi-N, gamma-N, 2pi-N system is described by a K-matrix method. The parameters in this model are adjusted to get an optimal fit to pi-N-->pi-N, pi-N-->eta-N, gamma-N-->pi-N and gamma-N-->eta-N data in an energy range of about 100 MeV or so each side of the eta-threshold. Compared with our earlier analysis, we now utilize recent Crystal Ball data. However, the outcome confirms our previous result that the eta-nucleon scattering length (a) is large with a value of 0.91(6)+i0.27(2) fm.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures. Misprints in Eq. 7 are corrected
Additional file 1 of A novel C-terminal degron identified in bacterial aldehyde decarbonylases using directed evolution
Creators: name: Liu, Yilan
name: Jinjin Chen
name: Khusnutdinova, Anna N.
name: Correia, Kevin
name: Diep, Patrick
name: Khorcheska A. Batyrova
name: Nemr, Kayla
name: Flick, Robert
name: Stogios, Peter
name: Yakunin, Alexander F.
name: Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Whole cell lysis activity analysis of different mutants. M2 give the highest activity, which has a premature stop codon in the C-terminal region. WT wild type ADpm, M1–M9 different mutants. Figure S2. Comparison of ADpm and ADpm-9. a Specific activity of ADpm and ADpm-9. b Relative protein thermal stability estimated using SYPRO Orange dye. c Investigation of oligomeric state of ADpm and ADpm-9 using size exclusion chromatography. Figure S3. Comparison of C-terminal of ADpm and C-motif 1 [35] of protease trapped proteins. Figure S4. Modelling results of degron subtraction in three representative ADs from P. marinus (ADpm), N. punctiforme (ADnp) and S. elongates (ADse). a Thermostability and hexanal docking analysis of three ADs and their C-terminal truncations. (b–d) Examples of docking analysis in ADpm and ADpm-9. b ADpm, c ADpm-9, d Superimposed structures. Note, residues shown in red indicate the interact amino acids keep consistent in the truncated and wild-type ones. Figure S5. Effect of C-terminal His-tag on GFP degradation. C-terminal 6His-tag was added to GFP with conserved degron. Figure S6. Effects of AD degron elimination on fermentation. Headspace analysis of ADse (Red) and ADse-10 (Blue). U1–U7, unidentified peaks. Figure S7. Effects of AD degron elimination on cell growth. (a–d) Growth curves of ADse (black) and ADse-10 (red) in M9 medium containing different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 and 10 g/L) of glucose. Table S1. Statistical analysis of amino acid usage frequency (%) at C-terminus in 371 bacterial ADs.
ChainBuddy: An AI Agent System for Generating LLM Pipelines
Creators: name: Zhang, Jingyue
name: Arawjo, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.2; I.2

description: As large language models (LLMs) advance, their potential applications have grown significantly. However, it remains difficult to evaluate LLM behavior on user-defined tasks and craft effective pipelines to do so. Many users struggle with where to start, often referred to as the "blank page problem." ChainBuddy, an AI workflow generation assistant built into the ChainForge platform, aims to tackle this issue. From a single prompt or chat, ChainBuddy generates a starter evaluative LLM pipeline in ChainForge aligned to the user's requirements. ChainBuddy offers a straightforward and user-friendly way to plan and evaluate LLM behavior and make the process less daunting and more accessible across a wide range of possible tasks and use cases. We report a within-subjects user study comparing ChainBuddy to the baseline interface. We find that when using AI assistance, participants reported a less demanding workload, felt more confident, and produced higher quality pipelines evaluating LLM behavior. However, we also uncover a mismatch between subjective and objective ratings of performance: participants rated their successfulness similarly across conditions, while independent experts rated participant workflows significantly higher with AI assistance. Drawing connections to the Dunning-Kruger effect, we draw design implications for the future of workflow generation assistants to mitigate the risk of over-reliance.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, pre-print
In-Medium formation of J/Psi as a probe of charm quark thermalization
Creators: name: Thews, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charmonium formation via charm quark in-medium recombination in heavy ion interactions at collider energies has the potential to probe some properties of the medium by utilizing the sensitivity of the recombination process to the momentum distribution of the quarks. We have examined the transverse momentum spectra of J/Psi, characterized by , which result from the formation process in which the charm quark distributions are unchanged from their initial production in a pQCD process. This is contrasted with the case in which the charm quarks have completely come into thermal equilibrium with an expanding medium whose properties are determined by the spectra of produced light hadrons. We find that the resulting of the formed J/Psi provide a distinct signature of the underlying charm quark spectra, and that signature is essentially independent of the detailed dynamics of the in-medium formation reaction. In addition, both of these signatures are sufficiently separated from the case in which no in-medium formation takes place. Finally, utilizing a model for the fraction of J/Psi which originate from in-medium formation, we predict the centrality behavior of these signatures.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, invited talk at the 35'th International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics 2005, Kromeriz, Czech Republic, to be published in the proceedings
It's LeVAsa not LevioSA! Latent Encodings for Valence-Arousal Structure Alignment
Creators: name: Nath, Surabhi S.
name: Udandarao, Vishaal
name: Shukla, Jainendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, great strides have been made in the field of affective computing. Several models have been developed to represent and quantify emotions. Two popular ones include (i) categorical models which represent emotions as discrete labels, and (ii) dimensional models which represent emotions in a Valence-Arousal (VA) circumplex domain. However, there is no standard for annotation mapping between the two labelling methods. We build a novel algorithm for mapping categorical and dimensional model labels using annotation transfer across affective facial image datasets. Further, we utilize the transferred annotations to learn rich and interpretable data representations using a variational autoencoder (VAE). We present "LeVAsa", a VAE model that learns implicit structure by aligning the latent space with the VA space. We evaluate the efficacy of LeVAsa by comparing performance with the Vanilla VAE using quantitative and qualitative analysis on two benchmark affective image datasets. Our results reveal that LeVAsa achieves high latent-circumplex alignment which leads to improved downstream categorical emotion prediction. The work also demonstrates the trade-off between degree of alignment and quality of reconstructions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures and 3 tables
The Character of Pure Spinors
Creators: name: Berkovits, Nathan
name: Nekrasov, Nikita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The character of holomorphic functions on the space of pure spinors in ten, eleven and twelve dimensions is calculated. From this character formula, we derive in a manifestly covariant way various central charges which appear in the pure spinor formalism for the superstring. We also derive in a simple way the zero momentum cohomology of the pure spinor BRST operator for the D=10 and D=11 superparticle.
description: 42 pages, 2 pictures
Window-based Channel Attention for Wavelet-enhanced Learned Image Compression
Creators: name: Xu, Heng
name: Hai, Bowen
name: Tang, Yushun
name: He, Zhihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learned Image Compression (LIC) models have achieved superior rate-distortion performance than traditional codecs. Existing LIC models use CNN, Transformer, or Mixed CNN-Transformer as basic blocks. However, limited by the shifted window attention, Swin-Transformer-based LIC exhibits a restricted growth of receptive fields, affecting the ability to model large objects for image compression. To address this issue and improve the performance, we incorporate window partition into channel attention for the first time to obtain large receptive fields and capture more global information. Since channel attention hinders local information learning, it is important to extend existing attention mechanisms in Transformer codecs to the space-channel attention to establish multiple receptive fields, being able to capture global correlations with large receptive fields while maintaining detailed characterization of local correlations with small receptive fields. We also incorporate the discrete wavelet transform into our Spatial-Channel Hybrid (SCH) framework for efficient frequency-dependent down-sampling and further enlarging receptive fields. Experiment results demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performances, reducing BD-rate by 18.54%, 23.98%, 22.33%, and 24.71% on four standard datasets compared to VTM-23.1.
description: ACCV2024 accepted
Nonlinear field dependence of Hall effect and high-mobility multi-carrier transport in an altermagnet CrSb
Creators: name: Bai, Yuqing
name: Xiang, Xinji
name: Pan, Shuang
name: Zhang, Shichao
name: Chen, Haifeng Chen Xi
name: Han, Zhida
name: Xu, Guizhou
name: Xu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a promising candidate for altermagnet, CrSb possesses a distinctive compensated spin split band structure that could bring groundbreaking concepts to the field of spintronics. In this work, we have grown high-quality CrSb single crystals and comprehensively investigated their electronic and magneto-transport properties. We have observed large, positive, and non-saturated magnetoresistance (MR) in CrSb, which well obeys Kohler's rule, indicating its classic Lorentz scattering origins. Remarkably, a nonlinear magnetic field dependence of Hall effect resembling the spontaneous anomalous Hall is identified over a wide temperature range. After careful analysis of the transport data, we conclude the non-linearity mainly stems from the incorporation of different carriers in the magnetoconductivity. According to the Fermi surface analyses of CrSb, we applied the three-carrier model to fit the conductivity data, yielding good agreement. The extracted carrier concentration and mobility indicates that CrSb behaves more like a semimetal, with the highest mobility reaching 3*103 cm2V-1s-1. Furthermore, calculations using the semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory have successfully reproduced the main features of the experimental MR and Hall effect in CrSb. These exceptional transport properties make CrSb unique for applications in spintronics as an altermagnet.
Thermodynamic inequalities for nuclear rotation
Creators: name: Nosov, V. G.
name: Kamchatnov, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strictly reversible, thermodynamically equilibrium nature of the free rotation of a body makes it possible to obtain a number of bounds on the rotational characteristics within individual rotational bands of nonspherical nuclei. As a result, the bounds between which the possible values of the critical spin $J_c$ lie can be expressed exclusively in terms of a restricted number of the experimentally most accessible data on the lower phase $J
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Transverse voltage in anisotropic hydrodynamic conductors
Creators: name: Wang, Kaize
name: Guo, Chunyu
name: Moll, Philip J. W.
name: Holder, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak momentum dissipation in ultra-clean metals gives rise to novel non-Ohmic current flow, including ballistic and hydrodynamic regimes. Recently, hydrodynamic flow has attracted intense interest because it presents a valuable window into the electronic correlations and the longest lived collective modes of quantum materials. However, diagnosing viscous flow is difficult as the macroscopic observables of ballistic and hydrodynamic transport such as the average current distribution can be deceptively similar, even if their respective microscopics deviate notably. Based on kinetic Boltzmann theory, here we propose to address this issue via the transverse channel voltage at zero magnetic field, which can efficiently detect hydrodynamic flow in a number of materials. To this end, we show that the transverse voltage is sensitive to the interplay between anisotropic fermiology and boundary scattering, resulting in a non-trivial behavior in narrow channels along crystalline low-symmetry directions. We discuss several materials where the channel-size dependent stress of the quantum fluid leads to a characteristic sign change of the transverse voltage as a new hallmark of the cross-over from the ballistic to the hydrodynamic regime.
Empirical analysis of the influencing factors of sugar imports in China
Creators: name: Gong, Xue-Wu
name: Wu, Ge
name: Gong, Xue-Wu
name: Wu, Ge
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Sugar
subject: Import volume
subject: Influencing factors
subject: Linear regression analysis
subject: China

description: We study the factors influencing the sugar imports in China. A multivariate linear regression model for quantitative analysis in established and the model is researched with multicollinearity treatment, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity test. Research result shows that the per capita income and price fluctuation are not the main factors affecting the sugar import in China, but the domestic sugar production and consumption are the key factors. The substitution effect of sugar substitute has been weakening relatively, exchange rate should be an important factor on sugar imports in the future. Finally, suggestions on how to improve the pattern of the import trade and to enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese sugar are put forward.
Multiple regression analysis of the net income and consumption expenditure of Chinese rural households during 2007
Creators: name: Da, Wa
name: Xiao, Hong
name: Zhuo, Ma
name: Da, Wa
name: Xiao, Hong
name: Zhuo, Ma
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Rural households
subject: Income
subject: Expenditure
subject: Regression analysis
subject: China

description: We use the regression analysis method of multivariate statistical analysis to establish a multiple linear regression model about the net income and consumption expenditure of Chinese rural households during the year 2007. This paper analyzes the internal relation between the net income and consumption expenditure of Chinese rural households according to the regression result. Some reasonable suggestions are put forward for raising the income of rural households and stimulating consumption.
T2 decay curve acquisition and analysis in MRI noise considerations, short T2, and B1 field encoding
Creators: name: Jones, Craig K.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The myelin sheath is a lipid bilayer wrapped around axons in the human brain. The myelin allows faster conduction and uses less energy than along non-myelinated axons. Diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, break down the myelin sheath resulting in cognitive and physical disability. Water trapped between the myelin bilayers has a T2 ≈ 15 ms compared to intra/extra-cellular water with a T2 ≈ 80 ms and cerebrospinal fluid which has a T2 ≈ 2000 ms. A multi-echo MRI pulse sequence is used to acquire a T2 decay curve which is fit using a non-negative least-squares (NNLS) curve fitting algorithm to calculate the signal as a function of the T2 (T2 distribution). The myelin water fraction (MWF) is calculated as the signal with a T2 < 50 ms divided by the total signal in the T2 distribution. Quantification of the MWF in vivo, is slow, prone to errors due to artifacts in the T2 decay curve, and requires many data acquisition averages to attain the necessary high signal-to-noise ratio. Each of these areas were addressed in this thesis. First, I compared the accuracy and precision of MWF estimates from a set of simulated and in vivo multi-echo data with and without noise reduction filters applied. The MWF estimated from anisotropically filtered multi-echo data had the smallest variability, over homogeneous regions, compared to MWF estimates from other filtered data. Second, I created a new technique to optimize coefficients that when linearly combined with multi-echo data, result in fast, accurate estimates of the MWF. Simulations and in vivo estimates of the MWF were as accurate as those from the NNLS algorithm and 20,000 times faster. Finally, the standard multi-echo sequence was optimized to remove artifacts due to inaccurate refocusing pulses. I created a novel T2 curve fitting algorithm, based on NNLS, to accurately estimate the T 2 distribution and refocusing pulse flip angle from a T2 decay curve. Simulations and data acquired on phantoms showed the new technique was as accurate as the NNLS algorithm in quantifying the T2 distribution parameters. In vivo myelin water maps were as good as those estimated from the optimized multi-echo pulse sequence.