Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew 1928
Creators: name: Amin, Omar M.
name: Heckmann, Richard A.
name: Evans, R. Paul
name: Tepe, Yahya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Acanthocephala
Palaeacanthocephala
Echinorhynchida
Echinorhynchidae
Echinorhynchus
Echinorhynchus baeri

description: Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928
Family Echinorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1935 Genus Echinorhynchus Zoega in Müller, 1776
Host: Brown trout, Salmo trutta Linn. (Salmonidae).
Other host: Sevan trout, Salmo ischchan Kessler
(Salmonidae) [8, 9].
Site in host: Intestine.
Specimens: Six slides of whole-mounted male and female specimens were deposited in the parasite collection of the Harold W. Manter Laboratory (HWML) collection no. 101,847 at the University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, NE, USA.
Locality: Kilise Stream, Murat River near Erzurum, Turkey (40°5 0 47.57 00 N, 41°11 0 26.18 00 E).
Other locality: Lake Sevan, Armenia [8, 9].
Comments: Considering the absence/loss of any type material of this species, the present material from Turkey is designated as neotype.
Description (Figs. 3–22)
General. With characters of the genus Echinorhynchus. Shared structures invariably larger in females than in males. Trunk cylindrical, widest in anterior third, and gradually tapering posteriorly; females with slightly expanded rounded posterior end (Figs. 3, 4). Body wall with numerous multinucleated amoeboid to round elongate cells, oriented laterally, and micropores with diverse diameter and distribution in all trunk regions (Fig. 18) including the female genital orifice and the bursa. Base of proboscis with sensory pores but no micropores (Fig. 17). Proboscis cylindrical, plump, rounded anteriorly, and widest at middle (Fig. 11), often tilted ventrad (Fig. 3), with three or more large uninucleated round cells mostly in posterior half (Fig. 6, arrow) and apical rootless uncalcified hooks with multiple perforations (Figs. 13, 14, 24). Proboscis with 18–24 rows with 8–10 alternating hooks each (rarely 11 in 1 male) with normal levels of structural minerals (Fig. 23). Occasionally, whole range of 8–10 hooks per row on individual proboscides. Hooks more robust and slightly longer ventrally than dorsally and transition from small anteriorly to largest at middle (hooks 3–6 from anterior) then smallest basally. Anterior hooks with indentations near base (Fig. 12, arrow). Anterior and middle hooks with simple roots, about as long as blades, directed posteriorly. Posterior hook roots (nos. 6–10 from anterior) with manubria varying from small (no. 6) to prominent (no. 10) with gradually decreasing size of roots posteriorly (Fig. 8). Neck marked. Proboscis receptacle double-walled with cephalic ganglion at middle and with two sets of prominent retractor muscles attached to midtrunk (Fig. 3). Lemnisci usually subequal, digitiform, invariably and markedly longer than receptacle, widening posteriorly, with at least three large, multinucleated, lobulated giant nuclei each (arrow), and with posterior fibrous connective. Gonopores terminal in both sexes.
Male (based on 21 whole mounted mature adults with sperm, and 5 specimens studied by SEM). Measurements and counts in Tables 1 and 2. Testes ovoid-elongate, almost equal, close or contiguous, equatorial or slightly postequatorial. Cement glands clustered to paired, contiguous with posterior testis or occasionally overlapping it (Fig. 3). Anterior cement glands larger than posterior glands emptying into cement ducts in two groups surrounding common sperm duct and joining posteriorly. Saefftigen’s pouch prominent, overlapping cement ducts (Fig. 4). Bursa muscular, thick walled, directed ventrad, with one ring of sensory structures (Figs. 21, 22).
Female (based on 26 whole mounted mostly gravid adults, and 5 specimens studied by SEM). Measurements and counts in Tables 1 and 2. Reproductive system about 1/4 trunk length. Uterus unusually long and slender compared to rest of the reproductive system (Fig. 5); its length proportional to trunk length. Vagina without prominent sphincters. Proximal end of uterine bell with few laterally projecting nucleated cells (Fig. 5, top arrow) and basal expansion (Fig. 5, bottom arrow). Gonopore terminal with plain non-specialized orifice (Fig. 19). Eggs elliptoid elongate, non-ornate, with marked polar prolongation of fertilization membrane (Figs. 7, 20).
description: Published as part of Amin, Omar M., Heckmann, Richard A., Evans, R. Paul & Tepe, Yahya, 2016, A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis, pp. 1-14 in Parasite (Paris, France) (Paris, France) 23 on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016067, http://zenodo.org/record/12628585