Phasmatocoris galvaoi Gil-Santana, 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Gil-Santana, Hélcio R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Reduviidae
Phasmatocoris
Phasmatocoris galvaoi

description: Phasmatocoris galvaoi sp. nov.
(Figs. 43–58)
Diagnosis. Total length: 13.3–14.9 (males)–16.0 (female). General coloration testaceous to light brownish (Figs. 43– 44, 56), apical half of first and basal half of second antennal segments somewhat darkened; lateral portions of head and fore lobe of pronotum with a subtle reddish tinge; humeral angles somewhat darkened; fore femur darkened approximately at median half, with a large pale, somewhat yellowish ring in distal third (Figs. 45, 56) and with lateral portions darkened at very apex. Hind legs with apical portion of femora and basal portion of tibiae largely pale, yellowish (Fig. 57). Forewings pale with reddish tinge on costa and adjacent veins and fuscous patches throughout subbasal cell, the basal half of discal cell and apical half of lower region of wing, and more subtly in proximal subcostal region (Fig. 46). Fore lobe of pronotum approximately 1.5 times longer than hind lobe; anterior projections of collar rounded; humeral angles rounded and somewhat elevated. Scutellum somewhat elevated; slightly prominent apically. Metanotum with a very small blunt elevation at mid-portion. Ventral surface of fore femur only with slender spine-like setae in two series, posteroventral and anteroventral, apically transformed into short teeth; anteroventral series interrupted at base, not connected to posteroventral series, one seta basal to interruption; longer setae on posteroventral series, in which length ranged from approximately 1.6 to 1.9 times the value of maximum width of fore femur; spine-like setae not attaining base of this latter by about twice to twice and half times the length of fore tarsus. Fore tibiae ventrally with a single series denticles. Forewing with subbasal cell longer than basal cell (Fig. 46). Process of pygophore spine-like, short, subtriangular in posterior view, curved in distal half on lateral view (Figs. 48–50). Parameres with apical half enlarged and densely setose on external surface, which is subrectangular in shape and somewhat flattened on lower margin; inner surface less setose, with an apical large rounded protuberance on upper portion (Fig. 51). Phallus (Fig. 52): basal plates slightly divergent, connected by a narrow basal bridge (Figs. 52– 53); basal plate extension elongate and widened towards apex, this latter with its margin curved and with a medial notch (Fig. 54); struts not fused (Fig. 54); phallosoma wall not sclerotized (Fig. 52). Endosoma wall minutely spiny (Fig. 52); endosoma with five individualized processes (Fig. 55): an enlarged tubular somewhat tortuous median process; a paired process including two sclerotized somewhat asymmetrical and small subrectangular to almost square basal plates on each side, which, towards the apex, are continued by some rows of teeth; a pair of ventral somewhat large sclerotized plates with several curved rows of teeth, quite asymmetrical, whereas the left plate (in dorsal view) has half the length of the right plate, this latter with apex reaching about the same level as the apical portion of the other processes; additionally, there is dense aggregated tissue around the median process, which, however, is not individualized as a separate process.
Description. Male. MEASUREMENTS (holotype / paratypes): Total length:14.5/13.3–14.9; head: length:1.6/1.5– 1.6; maximum width across the eyes:1.0/1.0–1.1; ante-ocular length: 0.8/0.8; post-ocular length:0.35/0.35; interocular space: 0.45/0.45–0.5; distance from apex of antenniferous tubercle to anterior border of eye: 0.35/0.35–0.4; eye length: 0.45/0.45; antennal segments length: I:12.0/11.6–12.2; II: 10.3/10.2–10.6; III: 2.4/2.3-absent; IV: 5.0/5.0-absent; labial segments length: II [first visible]: 0.3/0.3; III: 0.5/0.5; IV: 1.0/1.0–1.1. Thorax: pronotum: fore lobe length: 2.2/2.2; hind lobe length: 1.5/1.5; width at posterior margin: 1.4/1.4–1.45; forewing length: 9.5/9.7–9.8. Legs length: fore legs: coxa: 4.5 /4.4–4.6; femur: 6.0/6.0–6.2, maximum width: 0.35/0.3; tibia: 2.6/2.6; tarsus: 0.75/0.7–0.8; middle legs: femur:12.1/12.5; tibia: 19.5/17.5–19.8; tarsus: 0.75/absent; hind legs: femur:16.0/16.0–16.6; tibia: 26.5/partially broken in both paratypes; tarsus: 0.75/absent–0.7. Abdomen: length: 9.0/8.0–8.5. COLORATION: general coloration testaceous to light brownish (Figs. 43–44); apical half of first and basal half of second antennal segments somewhat darkened, except at their joints, which are pale; lateral portions of head and fore lobe of pronotum with a subtle reddish tinge; humeral angles somewhat darkened; fore femur darkened approximately at median half, with a large pale, somewhat yellowish ring in distal third and with lateral portions darkened at very apex (Fig. 45); basal half of fore tibiae paler, except at base for a short distance, where it is somewhat darkened. Hind legs with apical portion of femora and basal portion of tibiae largely pale, yellowish. Forewings pale with reddish tinge on costa and adjacent veins and fuscous patches throughout subbasal cell, the basal half of discal cell and apical half of lower region of wing, and more subtly in proximal subcostal region (Fig. 46). Hind wings hyaline (Fig. 47). Tergites pale, almost yellowish; last sternites and genital segments darkened. VESTITURE: body integument with a very short yellowish to golden pubescence, in which each short seta is implanted in a small granule, which gives a finely granular appearance to the integument, more evident on the head, fore lobe of pronotum and legs; on dorsal and ventral portions of head, somewhat longer and more numerous curved setae; antennae with short, curved pale fine setae; on hind lobe of pronotum, sparse longer, fine and straight setae; some golden setae beside scutellum base; pleural and sternal portions of mesothorax and metathorax and sternites with intermixed longer fine setae. Lateral portion of mesosternum and wings glabrous. Ventral surface of fore femur only with slender spine-like setae in two series, posteroventral and anteroventral, apically transformed into short teeth; anteroventral series interrupted at base, not connected to posteroventral series, one seta basal to interruption; distance between the basal single seta and the first seta of the anteroventral series, 0.5/ 0.45–0.55 mm; distance from base of fore femur to insertion of first spiniform seta of anteroventral series, 3.1/ 3.1–3.3 mm, and from apex of fore trochanter, 2.7/ 2.7 mm. Distance from base of fore femur to insertion of first spiniform seta in posteroventral series, 2.2/2.0– 2.2 mm, and from apex of fore trochanter, longer than length of fore tarsus,1.8/ 1.6–1.8 mm. Longer setae in posteroventral series about 1.6 to 1.9 times as long as maximum width of fore femur. Fore tibiae with straight, medium-sized, stiff, obliquely inclined, pale to golden setae on distal half dorsally (Fig. 45); these setae are more numerous above and somewhat on the depressed area of this portion; an auxiliary row of about eight parallel lateral straight longer setae along apical two thirds, dorsally; numerous straight short setae close beside medial series of denticles, ventrally; inner surface on distal quarter with dense, short, adpressed, golden pubescence and a small comb on mid-portion of this area; apex with a dense cluster of stiff setae, ventrally. Tarsi with scattered long and fine paler setae and numerous shorter somewhat thicker setae ventrally. STRUCTURE: integument moderately shiny. Head elongated, 1.4–1.6 times as long as wide across eyes; anteocular portion longer than postocular; transversal (interocular) sulcus deep; distance from apex of antenniferous tubercle to anterior border of eye in lateral view somewhat shorter than length of this latter; eyes globose, projecting laterally, somewhat prominent in dorsal view, reaching dorsal margin of head at interocular sulcus; almost reaching ventral margin of head; antenna inserted approximately halfway between eyes and apex of head; antennal segments straight, very slender; labium somewhat double curved on lateral view. Thorax: fore lobe of pronotum approximately 1.5 times longer than hind lobe, sub-rectangular in dorsal view, anterior projections of collar rounded; an ill-defined longitudinal medial thin and shallow furrow; transverse interlobar sulcus deep. Hind lobe of pronotum faintly transversely striated, almost plain on medial portion; humeral angles rounded and somewhat elevated. Scutellum somewhat elevated; slightly prominent apically. Metanotum with a very small blunt elevation at midportion. Fore coxae and fore femora elongated, the latter somewhat enlarged at mid-portion (Figs. 43–45); fore tibia approximately half the length of fore femur, somewhat curved, dorsally depressed at basal portion of distal half of the segment, ventrally with a single series of hook-like denticles, which are smaller at basal portion of the segment; inner surface on distal quarter somewhat flattened. Mid and hind legs very long and slender; tarsi three-segmented. Forewings not attaining apex of abdomen for a short distance, leaving apex of pygophore exposed on dorsal view, in a paratype, or surpassing this apex slightly for about 0.8–1.0 mm in the other male specimens. Abdomen: slender, sides parallel. Last tergite with a tongue-shaped prolongation posteriorly, which is, rounded apically, wider at base, ending approximately at same level as forewings, slightly short of apex of pygophore. Male genitalia: pygophore subretangular on dorsal view; process of pygophore spine-like, short, subtriangular in posterior view, curved in distal half on lateral view (Figs. 48–50). Parameres symmetrical, curved, with apical half enlarged and densely setose on external surface, which is subrectangular in shape and somewhat flattened on lower margin; inner surface less setose, with an apical large rounded protuberance on upper portion (Fig. 51). Phallus (Fig. 52): basal plates slightly divergent, connected by a narrow basal bridge (Figs. 52–53); basal plate extension elongate and widened towards apex, this latter with its margin curved and with a medial notch (Fig. 54); struts not fused (Fig. 54); phallosoma wall not sclerotized (Fig. 52). Endosoma wall minutely spiny (Fig. 52); endosoma with five individualized processes (Fig. 55): an enlarged tubular somewhat tortuous median process; a paired process including two sclerotized somewhat asymmetrical and small subrectangular to almost square basal plates on each side, which, towards the apex, are continued by some rows of teeth; a pair of ventral somewhat large sclerotized plates with several curved rows of teeth, quite asymmetrical, whereas the left plate (in dorsal view) has half the length of the right plate, this latter with apex reaching about the same level as the apical portion of the other processes; additionally, there is dense aggregated tissue around the median process, which, however, is not individualized as a separate process.
Female. MEASUREMENTS: Total length: 16.0; head: length: 1.7; maximum width across the eyes: 1.0; anteocular length: 0.8; post-ocular length: 0.35; interocular space: 0.5; distance from apex of antenniferous tubercle to anterior border of eye: 0.4; eye length: 0.45; antennal segments length: I: 12.3; II: 10.5; III–IV: absent; labial segments length: II [first visible]: 0.3; III: 0.5; IV: 1.1. Thorax: pronotum: fore lobe length: 2.3; hind lobe length: 1.5; width at posterior margin: 1.4; forewing length: 9.5. Legs length: fore legs: coxa: 4.7; femur: 6.5, maximum width: 0.3; tibia: 2.6; tarsus: 0.8; middle legs: femur: 13.0; tibia: 20.5; tarsus: 0.7; hind legs: femur: 16.5; tibia: 27.5; tarsus: 0.7. Abdomen: length: 9.7. Similar to male (Figs. 56–57). VESTITURE: Distance between the basal single seta and the first seta of the anteroventral series 0.5 mm; distance from base of fore femur to insertion of first spiniform seta of anteroventral series 3.3 mm, and from apex of fore trochanter 2.7 mm. Distance from base of fore femur to insertion of first spiniform seta in posteroventral series 2.3 mm, and from apex of fore trochanter, longer than length of fore tarsus, 1.8 mm. Longer setae in posteroventral series, with length about 1.8 times the value of maximum width of fore femur. STRUCTURE: head 1.7 times as long as wide across eyes; fore lobe of pronotum approximately 1.5 times longer than hind lobe; fore tibia less than half the length of fore femur; forewings not attaining apex of abdomen, with the genital segments exposed in dorsal view. Posterior margin of last tergite without prolongation. Last sternite slightly acute in medial portion of apex. Lateral view of external genitalia as in Fig. 58.
Distribution: Brazil, state of Pará.
Etymology. The new species is named in honor of the Brazilian entomologist, Cleber Galvão (IOC), for his outstanding contributions to the study of Triatominae, vectors of Chagas’ disease.
Specimens examined. BRAZIL, Pará, FLONA [national forest of] Carajás, aphotic zone of a cave, 28.IX.2007, Andrade et al. leg., holotype, 1 male, [MNRJ], paratypes, 1 male, 1 female; Parauapebas, cave “S11 D-074”, 01–14.VII.2010, Andrade et al. leg., paratype, 1 male.
Discussion. The species most closely resembling P. galvaoi sp. nov. is P. xavieri (Figs. 59–61). These two species share several similarities: similar total length (13.3–16.0 mm for P. galvaoi sp. nov. and 15.0–16.0 mm for P. xavieri); similar general coloration, with testaceous as main tone; forewings pale with fuscous patches throughout subbasal cell, the basal half of discal cell and apical half of lower region of wing and subtly in proximal subcostal region (Fig. 46); fore lobe of pronotum around 1.5 times longer than hind lobe; metanotum with a very small blunt elevation at midportion; anteroventral series of ventral surface of fore femora interrupted at base, not connected to posteroventral series, one seta basal to interruption; fore tibiae ventrally with a single series of denticles; forewing with subbasal cell longer than basal cell; process of pygophore spine-like, curved distally in lateral view (Figs. 48–50, 60–61); parameres with apex half enlarged, densely setose on external surface, which is subrectangular in shape; basal plate extension elongate and widened towards apex; processes of endosoma including a tubular median process, a paired process with rows of teeth on apical portion, and dense aggregated tissue ventrally to median process of endosoma.
On the other hand, besides the main set of differential characters stated in the following key, other additional features distinguishing P. galvaoi sp. nov. and P. xavieri are: darker general coloration in P. galvaoi sp. nov. (Figs. 43–44, 56, 59); longer setae on posteroventral series of fore femur equaling the maximum width of fore femur in P. xavieri, but ranging from approximately 1.6 to 1.9 times this width in P. ga l v a oi sp. nov.; apical portion of the basal plate extension more widened in P. xavieri, while its apical margin has a medial notch in P. galvaoi sp. nov. (Figs. 52, 54); struts not fused in this latter species (Figs. 52, 54); median process of endosoma tortuous in P. galvaoi sp. nov. (Fig. 55), while curved and tapering to the apex in P. xavieri.
description: Published as part of Gil-Santana, Hélcio R., 2015, Two new species of Phasmatocoris Breddin from Brazil, and description of the male of Phasmatocoris borgmeieri (Wygodzinsky) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae), pp. 51-70 in Zootaxa 4059 (1) on pages 62-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/239754