cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Discovering walking technirho mesons at the LHC
Creators: name: Kurachi, Masafumi
name: Matsuzaki, Shinya
name: Yamawaki, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a scale-invariant hidden local symmetry (HLS) as a low-energy effective theory of walking technicolor (WTC) which includes the technidilaton, technipions, and technirho mesons as the low-lying spectra. As a benchmark for LHC phenomenology, we in particular focus on the one-family model of WTC having eight technifermion flavors, which can be, at energy scales relevant to the reach of the LHC, described by the scale-invariant HLS based on the manifold $[SU(8)_L \times SU(8)_R]_{\rm global} \times SU(8)_{\rm local}/SU(8)_V$, where $SU(8)_{\rm local}$ is the HLS and the global $SU(8)_L \times SU(8)_R$ symmetry is partially gauged by $SU(3) \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y$ of the standard model. Based on the scale-invariant HLS, we evaluate the coupling properties of the technirho mesons and place limits on the masses from the current LHC data. Then, implications for future LHC phenomenology are discussed by focusing on the technirho mesons produced through the Drell-Yan process. We find that the color-octet technirho decaying to the technidilaton along with the gluon is of interest as the discovery channel at the LHC, which would provide a characteristic signature to probe the one-family WTC.
description: 19 pages, 19 eps figures; (v2) a version to be published
#EUROBLAST: Pathogen surveillance on cultivated crop plants and their wild relatives for detection of emerging epidemics
Creators: name: Barragan, A. Cristina
name: Latorre, Sergio M.
name: Mock, Paul G.
name: Harant, Adeline
name: Win, Joe
name: Malmgren, Angus
name: Burbano, Hernán A.
name: Kamoun, Sophien
name: Langner, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: blast fungus, plant disease, surveillance, community science

description: Surveillance and early detection of emerging diseases are critical to control pathogen spread. Like zoonotic diseases, plant pathogens that cause destructive crop diseases often originate from wild hosts. However, surveys of major plant pathogens tend to be skewed towards crops and often neglect their wild host plants. We recently reported an emerging disease threat caused by the blast fungus Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyricularia) spp. in central Europe. We found that this notoriously devastating plant pathogen infects wild grasses in Germany, a region previously deemed unfavourable for blast disease. Using phenotypic characterization and genomic analyses, we determined that the observed disease symptoms are associated with the foxtail millet-infecting lineage of M. oryzae and its sister species M. grisea. We showed that M. oryzae isolates can infect barley and wheat, thus highlighting the risk of pathogen spread to crops. In addition, M. oryzae isolates which co-occur in natural populations display compatible mating types and variable candidate effector gene content, which may enhance the pathogen’s adaptive potential. Further, we observed a diverse population of blast fungus isolates from five genetic lineages on six wild host plant species, in addition to rice, in northern Italy. Our findings stress the risk of blast fungus infections expanding into the central European cereal belt through migration and host jumps, underlining the importance for pathogen surveillance in both, crops and wild grasses.
description: {"references": ["Barragan A.C. et al., 2022. Wild grass isolates of Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyricularia) spp. from Germany can cause blast disease on cereal crops. bioRxiv 2022.08.29.505667; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.08.29.505667"]}
Use of Computer Vision to Detect Tangles in Tangled Objects
Creators: name: Parmar, Paritosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Untangling of structures like ropes and wires by autonomous robots can be useful in areas such as personal robotics, industries and electrical wiring & repairing by robots. This problem can be tackled by using computer vision system in robot. This paper proposes a computer vision based method for analyzing visual data acquired from camera for perceiving the overlap of wires, ropes, hoses i.e. detecting tangles. Information obtained after processing image according to the proposed method comprises of position of tangles in tangled object and which wire passes over which wire. This information can then be used to guide robot to untangle wire/s. Given an image, preprocessing is done to remove noise. Then edges of wire are detected. After that, the image is divided into smaller blocks and each block is checked for wire overlap/s and finding other relevant information. TANGLED-100 dataset was introduced, which consists of images of tangled linear deformable objects. Method discussed in here was tested on the TANGLED-100 dataset. Accuracy achieved during experiments was found to be 74.9%. Robotic simulations were carried out to demonstrate the use of the proposed method in applications of robot. Proposed method is a general method that can be used by robots working in different situations.
description: IEEE International Conference on Image Information Processing; untangle; untangling; computer vision; robotic vision; untangling by robot; Tangled-100 dataset; tangled linear deformable objects; personal robotics; image processing
Electrochemical performance of binder-free Ni(OH)2/RGO battery type electrode materials for supercapacitor
Creators: name: Khan, Yusuf
name: Urade, Akanksha R.
name: De Adhikari, Amrita
name: Maity, Palash Chandra
name: Ramesh, K.
name: Bashir, Shahid
name: Lahiri, Indranil
name: Ramesh, S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Ni(OH)2/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) core-shell hybrid nanostructure has been synthesized employing a facile and inexpensive chemical-precipitation technique. The synthesized core-shell nanostructures, comprising Ni(OH)2 at the core and RGO as shell, were then coated on commercially available Ni foam used as an electrode. Prepared Ni(OH)2/RGO nanospheres were analyzed by Raman analysis for structural information. In the Raman spectrum, the peaks at 1323 and 1612 cm−1 correspond to the D and G bands of RGO, respectively. The peaks at 468 and 335 cm−1 depict the characteristic bands of Ni(OH)2 . The core-shell morphology of the hybrid was established from Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images. The lattice fringes are measured to be 0.33 nm for RGO layers and 0.22 nm for Ni(OH)2 core, which correspond to (002) plane of RGO and (101) plane of Ni(OH)2. For electrochemical studies, the as-prepared Ni(OH)2/RGO hybrid was used as a battery-type electrode in supercapacitor. The results indicate that the Ni(OH)2/RGO core-shell hybrid nanostructure exhibits a maximum specific capacity of 513.8 Cg−1 at 10 mV/s with a maximum energy density of 119.4 Whkg−1 at 1250 Wkg−1 power density.
Grenzüberschreitendes Inkasso von Geldbußen durch vom Staat beauftragte Private
Creators: name: Manssen, Gerrit
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Inkasso, vom Staat beauftragte Private, Manssen
subject: 340 Recht

description: Festschrift für Prof. Dr. Dr. Seok zum 65. Geburtstag (Korea Public Land Law Association)
Marginal Fermi liquid versus excitonic instability in 3D Dirac semimetals
Creators: name: Gonzalez, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the different phases in the Quantum Electrodynamics of 3D Dirac semimetals depending on the number $N$ of Dirac fermions, using renormalization group methods and the self-consistent resolution of the Schwinger-Dyson equation. We find that, for $N < 4$, a phase with dynamical generation of mass prevails at sufficiently strong coupling, sharing the same physics of the excitonic instability in 2D Dirac semimetals. For $N \geq 4$, we show that the phase diagram has instead a line of critical points characterized by the suppression of the quasiparticle weight at low energies, making the system to fall into the class of marginal Fermi liquids. Such a boundary marks the transition to a kind of strange metal which can be still defined in terms of electron quasiparticles, but with parameters that have large imaginary parts implying an increasing deviation from the conventional Fermi liquid picture.
description: 5 pages + expanded appendix, added phase diagram
Formal properties of the probability of fixation: identities, inequalities and approximations
Creators: name: McCandlish, David M.
name: Epstein, Charles L.
name: Plotkin, Joshua B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The formula for the probability of fixation of a new mutation is widely used in theoretical population genetics and molecular evolution. Here we derive a series of identities, inequalities and approximations for the exact probability of fixation of a new mutation under the Moran process (equivalent results hold for the approximate probability of fixation for the Wright-Fisher process after an appropriate change of variables). We show that the behavior of the logarithm of the probability of fixation is particularly simple when the selection coefficient is measured as a difference of Malthusian fitnesses, and we exploit this simplicity to derive several inequalities and approximations. We also present a comprehensive comparison of both existing and new approximations for the probability of fixation, highlighting in particular approximations that result in a reversible Markov chain when used to model the dynamics of evolution under weak mutation.
description: Minor edits; added appendix
Giant Nernst and Hall Effects in Chiral Superconductors due to Berry Phase Fluctuations
Creators: name: Sumiyoshi, Hiroaki
name: Fujimoto, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Nernst and Hall effects in fluctuation regime of chiral superconductors above transition temperatures, that are raised not by conventional Lorentz force, but by asymmetric scattering due to fluctuations of the Berry phase of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian. It is found that these effects can be more significant than conventional ones for cleaner samples, exhibiting qualitatively distinct behaviors. The results provide systematic and comprehensive understanding for recent experimental observations of the Nernst effect in a clean URu$_2$Si$_2$ sample, which is suggested to be a chiral superconductor.
Generating the Schrodinger cat state in a nanomechanical resonator coupled to a charge qubit
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian-Qi
name: Xiong, Wei
name: Zhang, Shuo
name: Li, Yong
name: Feng, Mang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for generating the Schrödinger cat state based on geometric operations by a nanomechanical resonator coupled to a superconducting charge qubit. The charge qubit, driven by two strong classical fields, interacts with a high-frequency phonon mode of the nanomechanical resonator. During the operation, the charge qubit undergoes no real transitions, while the phonon mode of the nanomechanical resonator is displaced along different paths in the phase space, dependent on the states of the charge qubit, which yields the Schrödinger cat state. The robustness of the scheme is justified by considering noise from environment, and the feasibility of the scheme is discussed.
description: 6 pages 3 figures
Topology morphing lattice structures
Creators: name: Sundararaman, Venkatesh
name: P. O'Donnell, Matthew
name: V. Chenchiah, Isaac
name: WEAVER, PAUL
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: Engineering

description: Planar cellular lattice structures subject to axial compression may undergo elastic bending or buckling of the unit cells. If sufficient compression is applied, the columns of adjacent cells make contact. This changes the topology of the lattice by establishing new load paths. This topology change induces a corresponding shift in the effective stiffness characteristics of the lattice – in particular, the shear modulus undergoes a step-change. The ability to embed adaptive stiffness characteristics through a topology change allows structural reconfiguration to meet changing load/operational requirements efficiently. The concept, of topological reconfiguration, can be exploited across a range of length scales, from (meta-)materials to components. Here we focus on macroscopic behaviour presenting results obtained from finite element analysis that shows excellent correlation with the observed response of 3D-printed PLA lattices. Through a parametric study, we explore the role of key geometric and stiffness parameters and identify desirable regions of the design space. The non-linear responses demonstrated by this topology morphing lattice structure may offer designers a route to develop bespoke elastic systems.
Discretization independence implies non-locality in 4D discrete quantum gravity
Creators: name: Dittrich, Bianca
name: Kaminski, Wojciech
name: Steinhaus, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 4D Regge action is invariant under 5--1 and 4--2 Pachner moves, which define a subset of (local) changes of the triangulation. Given this fact one might hope to find a local path integral measure that makes the quantum theory invariant under these moves and hence makes the theory partially triangulation invariant. We show that such a local invariant path integral measure does not exist for the 4D linearized Regge theory. To this end we uncover an interesting geometric interpretation for the Hessian of the 4D Regge action. This geometric interpretation will allow us to prove that the determinant of the Hessian of the 4D Regge action does not factorize over 4--simplices or subsimplices. It furthermore allows to determine configurations where this Hessian vanishes, which only appears to be the case in degenerate backgrounds or if one allows for different orientations of the simplices. We suggest a non--local measure factor that absorbs the non--local part of the determinant of the Hessian under 5--1 moves as well as a local measure factor that is preserved for very special configurations.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures; added references and clarifications
Distortion of neutron stars with a toroidal magnetic field
Creators: name: Frieben, Joachim
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of rotating relativistic stars with a toroidal magnetic field have been computed for a sample of eight equations of state of cold dense matter. Non-rotating models admit important levels of magnetization and quadrupole distortion accompanied by a seemingly unlimited growth in size. Rotating models reach the mass-shedding limit at smaller angular velocities than in the non-magnetized case according to the larger circumferential equatorial radius induced by the magnetic field. Moreover, they can be classified as prolate-prolate, oblate-prolate, or oblate-oblate with respect to surface deformation and quadrupole distortion. Simple expressions for surface and quadrupole deformation are provided that are valid up to magnetar field strengths and rapid rotation.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the 13th Marcel Grossmann Meeting held in Stockholm 1-7 July, 2012, based on arXiv:1207.4035. Updated to final published version
DEONTOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE TEACHERS
Creators: name: Abdullayeva Nasibaxon Jo'rayevna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Abstract: The process of professional training of future teachers is a crucial aspect of education as it shapes the quality of education provided to students. One of the approaches to this process is the deontological approach, which focuses on ethical principles and values. This article explores the deontological approach to the process of professional training of future teachers. It discusses the importance of ethical principles and values in teacher education, the role of deontological approach in teacher education, and the challenges and opportunities associated with this approach. The article concludes that the deontological approach can provide a strong foundation for the professional training of future teachers, but it requires careful consideration and implementation.
Key words: Deontological approach, professional training, future teachers, ethics, values
Yoga training in junior primary school-aged children has an impact on physical self-perceptions and problem-related behavior
Creators: name: Richter, Stefanie
name: Tietjens, Maike
name: Ziereis, Susanne
name: Querfurth, Sydney
name: Jansen, Petra
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: HATHA YOGA; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; ESTEEM; PROGRAM; TASK; PERFORMANCE; CORTISOL; FITNESS; yoga; physical self-concept; anxiety; executive function; motor function; children
subject: 796 Sport

description: The present pilot study investigated the effects of yoga training, as compared to physical skill training, on motor and executive function, physical self-concept, and anxiety related Wbehavior in junior primary school-aged children. Twenty-four participants with a mean age of 8.4 (+/- 1.4) years completed either yoga or physical skill training twice a week for 6 weeks outside of regular school class time. Both forms of training were delivered in an individualized and child-oriented manner. The type of training did not result in any significant differences in movement and executive function outcomes. In terms of physical self-concept, significant group differences were revealed only for perceived movement speed such that yoga training resulted in perceptions of being slower while physical skill training resulted in perceptions of moving faster. Analysis of anxiety related outcomes revealed significant group effects only for avoidance behavior and coping strategies. Avoidance behavior increased following yoga training, but decreased following physical skill training. In addition, following yoga training, children showed an increased use of divergent coping strategies when facing problematic situations while after physical skill training children demonstrated a decrease in use of divergent coping strategies. Changes in overall physical self-concept scores were not significantly correlated with changes in avoidance behavior following yoga training. In contrast, following physical skill training increased physical self-concept was significantly correlated with decreases in avoidance behavior. In sum, exposure to yoga or physical skill training appears to result in distinct effects for specific domains of physical self-concept and anxiety-related behavior. Further studies with larger samples and more rigorous methodologies are required to further investigate the effects reported here. With respect to future studies, we address potential research questions and specific features associated with the investigation of the effects of yoga in a sample of school-aged children.
GWB_SPATCON Technical Note
Creators: name: Riitters, Kurt
name: Vogt, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Supplemental documentation of features, options, and use of the spatial convolution program spatcon. Spatcon appears as a new module GWB_SPATCON in the software GuidosToolbox Workbench (GWB) described by Vogt et al. (2022,DOI: 10.1111/ecog.05864)..The latest version of this document, and the most recent spatcon source code, is available on GitHub.
The Hantzsche-Wendt Manifold in Cosmic Topology
Creators: name: Aurich, Ralf
name: Lustig, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hantzsche-Wendt space is one of the 17 multiply connected spaces of the three-dimensional Euclidean space E^3. It is a compact and orientable manifold which can serve as a model for a spatial finite universe. Since it possesses much fewer matched back-to-back circle pairs on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky than the other compact flat spaces, it can escape the detection by a search for matched circle pairs. The suppression of temperature correlations C(theta) on large angular scales on the CMB sky is studied. It is shown that the large-scale correlations are of the same order as for the 3-torus topology but express a much larger variability. The Hantzsche-Wendt manifold provides a topological possibility with reduced large-angle correlations that can hide from searches for matched back-to-back circle pairs.
Supplementary document for Dispersion-enabled control of photonic density of states in photonic hypercrystals - 6504215.pdf
Creators: name: Janaszek, Bartosz
name: Tyszka-Zawadzka, Anna
name: Szczepanski, Pawel
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Nanophotonics

description: Supplemental document
Adolescent Cannabis Use Among Youth in ZIP Codes with Medical Dispensaries
Creators: name: Smith, Douglas
name: Begum, Shahana
name: Carrington, Allison
name: Campbell, Corey
name: Taylor, Shaneil
name: Reinhart, Crystal
name: Swartz, James
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Introduction. In the United States, 19 states permit recreational use of cannabis, with 16 more permitting medical use (Marijuana Policy Project, 2021). Concerns remain about whether liberalized policies result in increased adolescent cannabis use. To date, limited evidence exists that the statewide prevalence of adolescent cannabis use increased in states with liberalized policies. However, analyses at local levels show some negative impacts. Thus, we analyzed if living in a ZIP code with a dispensary (ZCWD) was associated with adolescent cannabis use. Methods. Dispensary ZIP codes from public records were matched to self-reported ZIP codes on the Illinois Youth Survey (IYS). We compared past 30-day and past-year cannabis use among youth living in a ZCWD and not living in a ZCWD. Results. About one in eight adolescents (12.8%, n = 1,348) in the weighted sample (n=10,569) resided in a ZCWD. Overall, past 30-day use was lower among youth who lived in ZIP codes with dispensaries (OR = .69, p < .05), with variation by grade. For example, only 10th (OR = .62, p < .05) and 12th graders (OR = .59, p < .05) living in a ZCWD had lower odds of past 30-day cannabis use. Additionally, only 12th graders in a ZCWD had lower odds of past-year use (OR = .70, p < .05). Finally, suburban youth living in a ZCWD also had lower odds of cannabis use (OR = .54, p < .01). Conclusion/Discussion. Cannabis use was significantly lower among 10th and 12th graders living in a ZCWD. Additional research should continue to monitor evolving state policies and whether they are associated with adolescent cannabis use.
Quantitative analysis of rabies virus-based synaptic connectivity tracing.
Creators: name: Tran-Van-Minh, Alexandra
name: Ye, Zhiwen
name: Rancz, Ede
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Imaging
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: Monosynaptically restricted rabies viruses have been used for more than a decade for synaptic connectivity tracing. However, the verisimilitude of quantitative conclusions drawn from these experiments is largely unknown. The primary reason is the simple metrics commonly used, which generally disregard the effect of starter cell numbers. Here we present an experimental dataset with a broad range of starter cell numbers and explore their relationship with the number of input cells across the brain using descriptive statistics and modelling. We show that starter cell numbers strongly affect input fraction and convergence index measures, making quantitative comparisons unreliable. Furthermore, we suggest a principled way to analyse rabies derived connectivity data by taking advantage of the starter vs input cell relationship that we describe and validate across independent datasets.
Edge Physics of the Quantum Spin Hall Insulator from a Quantum Dot Excited by Optical Absorption
Creators: name: Vasseur, Romain
name: Moore, Joel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gapless edge modes of the Quantum Spin Hall insulator form a helical liquid in which the direction of motion along the edge is determined by the spin orientation of the electrons. In order to probe the Luttinger liquid physics of these edge states and their interaction with a magnetic (Kondo) impurity, we consider a setup where the helical liquid is tunnel-coupled to a semiconductor quantum dot which is excited by optical absorption, thereby inducing an effective quantum quench of the tunneling. At low energy, the absorption spectrum is dominated by a power-law singularity. The corresponding exponent is directly related to the interaction strength (Luttinger parameter) and can be computed exactly using boundary conformal field theory thanks to the unique nature of the Quantum Spin Hall edge.
description: 4.5 pages, 2 figures. v2: published version, new supplemental material section
On the numerical treatment of dissipative particle dynamics and related systems
Creators: name: Leimkuhler, Benedict
name: Shang, Xiaocheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review and compare numerical methods that simultaneously control temperature while preserving the momentum, a family of particle simulation methods commonly used for the modelling of complex fluids and polymers. The class of methods considered includes dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) as well as extended stochastic-dynamics models incorporating a generalized pairwise thermostat scheme in which stochastic forces are eliminated and the coefficient of dissipation is treated as an additional auxiliary variable subject to a feedback (kinetic energy) control mechanism. In the latter case, we consider the addition of a coupling of the auxiliary variable, as in the Nosé-Hoover-Langevin (NHL) method, with stochastic dynamics to ensure ergodicity, and find that the convergence of ensemble averages is substantially improved. To this end, splitting methods are developed and studied in terms of their thermodynamic accuracy, two-point correlation functions, and convergence. In terms of computational efficiency as measured by the ratio of thermodynamic accuracy to CPU time, we report significant advantages in simulation for the pairwise NHL method compared to popular alternative schemes (up to an 80\% improvement), without degradation of convergence rate. The momentum-conserving thermostat technique described here provides a consistent hydrodynamic model in the low-friction regime, but it will also be of use in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular simulation applications owing to its efficiency and simple numerical implementation.
Formation of an embryonic supermassive star in the first galaxy
Creators: name: Inayoshi, Kohei
name: Omukai, Kazuyuki
name: Tasker, Elizabeth J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the gravitational collapse of a warm (~8000 K) primordial-gas cloud as a candidate progenitor for a supermassive star (SMS; >10^5 Msun) using a three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulation, including all the relevant cooling processes of both H_2 and H, which can potentially induce cloud fragmentation. This is the first simulation of this kind to resolve protostar formation. We find that the cloud undergoes runaway collapse without a major episode of fragmentation. Although the H_2 fraction jumps by a large factor via the three-body reaction at ~10^-13 g/cm^3, its cooling remains inefficient due to the optical thickness, and the temperature remains >3000 K. When the central core of the cloud becomes opaque to continuum radiation at ~10^-8 g/cm^3, a hydrostatic protostar with ~0.2 Msun is formed. The protostar grows to the mass ~1 Msun and the radius ~2 AU within ~1 yr via rapid accretion of dense filamentary flows. With high accretion rate ~2 Msun/yr, the protostar is expected to turn into a SMS within its lifetime, eventually collapsing to a seed for the supermassive black hole observed in the early Universe at z~7.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Generalized Huffman Coding for Binary Trees with Choosable Edge Lengths
Creators: name: Maßberg, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study binary trees with choosable edge lengths, in particular rooted binary trees with the property that the two edges leading from every non-leaf to its two children are assigned integral lengths $l_1$ and $l_2$ with $l_1+l_2 =k$ for a constant $k\in\mathbb{N}$. The depth of a leaf is the total length of the edges of the unique root-leaf-path. We present a generalization of the Huffman Coding that can decide in polynomial time if for given values $d_1,...,d_n\in\mathbb{N}_{\geq 0}$ there exists a rooted binary tree with choosable edge lengths with $n$ leaves having depths at most $d_1,..., d_n$.
description: 9 pages
Sensor management for multi-target tracking via Multi-Bernoulli filtering
Creators: name: Hoang, Hung Gia
name: Vo, Ba Tuong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In multi-object stochastic systems, the issue of sensor management is a theoretically and computationally challenging problem. In this paper, we present a novel random finite set (RFS) approach to the multi-target sensor management problem within the partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP) framework. The multi-target state is modelled as a multi-Bernoulli RFS, and the multi-Bernoulli filter is used in conjunction with two different control objectives: maximizing the expected Rényi divergence between the predicted and updated densities, and minimizing the expected posterior cardinality variance. Numerical studies are presented in two scenarios where a mobile sensor tracks five moving targets with different levels of observability.
description: Final published version, 10 pages, 3 figures
Partition functions and the continuum limit in Penner matrix models
Creators: name: Álvarez, Gabriel
name: Alonso, Luis Martínez
name: Medina, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an implementation of the method of orthogonal polynomials which is particularly suitable to study the partition functions of Penner random matrix models, to obtain their explicit forms in the exactly solvable cases, and to determine the coefficients of their perturbative expansions in the continuum limit. The method relies on identities satisfied by the resolvent of the Jacobi matrix in the three-term recursion relation of the associated families of orthogonal polynomials. These identities lead to a convenient formulation of the string equations. As an application, we show that in the continuum limit the free energy of certain exactly solvable models like the linear and double Penner models can be written as a sum of gaussian contributions plus linear terms. To illustrate the one-cut case we discuss the linear, double and cubic Penner models, and for the two-cut case we discuss theoretically and numerically the existence of a double-branch structure of the free energy for the gaussian Penner model.
Iron status, thyroid dysfunction and iron deficiency anemia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study—Supplementary material
Creators: name: Xianjun, Huang
name: Guo, Tianhong
name: Wu, Yuqin
name: Xu, Qi
name: Dai, Junliang
name: Huang, Yuanshuai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320507
subject: Metabolic medicine

description: Based on large-scale European population-based GWAS data, we used Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relationship between iron status and thyroid dysfunction, and analyzed the relationship between thyroid dysfunction and the risk of iron deficiency anemia.Figure legendsFigure S1: Scatter plot of MR analysis of serum iron status and IDANotes: The exposure factor is (A) Iron; (B) Ferritin; (C) Transferritin saturation and (D) Transferritin.Figure S2: Leave-one-out analysis of serum iron status and IDANotes: The exposure factor is (A) Iron; (B) Ferritin; (C) Transferritin saturation and (D) Transferritin.Figure S3: Combination of MR analysis of overt hypothyroidism and IDANotes: (A) Scatter plot with no outliers removed; (B) Radial estimates; (C) Forest plot with outliers removed; (D) Scatter plot with outliers removed; (E) Funnel plot with outliers removed.Figure S4: Overt hypothyroidism and IDA replicated MR analysis resultsNotes: (A) Forest plot; (B) Scatter plot; (C) Funnel plot.
Kitaev chains with long-range pairing
Creators: name: Vodola, Davide
name: Lepori, Luca
name: Ercolessi, Elisa
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
name: Pupillo, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and analyze a generalization of the Kitaev chain for fermions with long-range $p$-wave pairing, which decays with distance as a power-law with exponent $α$. Using the integrability of the model, we demonstrate the existence of two types of gapped regimes, where correlation functions decay exponentially at short range and algebraically at long range ($α> 1$) or purely algebraically ($α< 1$). Most interestingly, along the critical lines, long-range pairing is found to break conformal symmetry for sufficiently small $α$. This is accompanied by a violation of the area law for the entanglement entropy in large parts of the phase diagram in the presence of a gap, and can be detected via the dynamics of entanglement following a quench. Some of these features may be relevant for current experiments with cold atomic ions.
description: 5+3 pages, 4+2 figures
Zero-two law for cosine families
Creators: name: Schwenninger, Felix
name: Zwart, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47D09, 47D06

description: For $\left(C(t)\right)_{t \geq 0}$ being a strongly continuous cosine family on a Banach space, we show that the estimate $\limsup_{t\to 0^{+}}\|C(t) - I\| <2$ implies that $C(t)$ converges to $I$ in the operator norm. This implication has become known as the zero-two law. We further prove that the stronger assumption of $\sup_{t\geq0}\|C(t)-I\|<2$ yields that $C(t)=I$ for all $t\geq0$. Additionally, we derive alternative proofs for similar results for $C_{0}$-semigroups.
description: 10 pages, changes to previous version: Major changes and rearrangements in the set-up to improve readability. Theorem 1.1 now only deals with the '$\limsup$' assertion, whereas the '$\sup$' assertion is moved to Section 3. The 'scaled versions' of the result were discarded, see also the new remark after eq. (1.8). for a correction of some intially stated claim
Functional renormalization group study of superconductivity in doped Sr$_2$IrO$_4$
Creators: name: Yang, Yang
name: Wang, Wan-Sheng
name: Liu, Jin-Guo
name: Chen, Huo
name: Dai, Jian-Hui
name: Wang, Qiang-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using functional renormalization group we investigated possible superconductivity in doped Sr$_2$IrO$_4$. In the electron doped case, a $d^*_{x^2-y^2}$-wave superconducting phase is found in a narrow doping region. The pairing is driven by spin fluctuations within the single conduction band. In contrast, for hole doping an $s^*_{\pm}$-wave phase is established, triggered by spin fluctuations within and across the two conduction bands. In all cases there are comparable singlet and triplet components in the pairing function. The Hund's rule coupling reduces (enhances) superconductivity for electron (hole) doping. Our results imply that hole doping is more promising to achieve a higher transition temperature. Experimental perspectives are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 6 color figures
title: Forschungsbericht 2006–2014/ Universität Regensburg
Creators: name: Hebel, Udo
name: Weber, Bernhard H. F.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Forschungsbericht , Regensburg / Universität; research report , university , Regensburg
subject: 000 Allgemeines, Wissenschaft

description: Serie ohne Zählung
All-Electromagnetic Control of Broadband Quantum Excitations Using Gradient Photon Echoes
Creators: name: Liao, Wen-Te
name: Keitel, Christoph H.
name: Pálffy, Adriana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A broadband quantum echo effect in a three level $\varLambda$-type system interacting with two laser fields is investigated theoretically. Inspired by the emerging field of nuclear quantum optics which typically deals with very narrow resonances, we consider broadband probe pulses that couple to the system in the presence of an inhomogeneous control field. We show that such a setup provides an all-electromagnetic-field solution to implement high bandwidth photon echoes, which are easy to control, store and shape on a short time scale and therefore may speed up future photonic information processing. The time compression of the echo signal and possible applications for quantum memories are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
The Fermionic Projector in a Time-Dependent External Potential: Mass Oscillation Property and Hadamard States
Creators: name: Finster, Felix
name: Murro, Simone
name: Röken, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematik

description: We give a non-perturbative construction of the fermionic projector in Minkowski space coupled to a time-dependent external potential which is smooth and decays faster than quadratically for large times. The weak and strong mass oscillation properties are proven. We show that the integral kernel of the fermionic projector is of Hadamard form, provided that the time integral of the spatial sup-norm of the potential satisfies a suitable bound. This gives rise to an algebraic quantum field theory of Dirac fields in an external potential with a distinguished pure quasi-free Hadamard state.
Testing the Muon g-2 Anomaly at the LHC
Creators: name: Freitas, Ayres
name: Lykken, Joseph
name: Kell, Stefan
name: Westhoff, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-standing difference between the experimental measurement and the standard-model prediction for the muon's anomalous magnetic moment, $a_μ = (g_μ-2)/2$, may be explained by the presence of new weakly interacting particles with masses of a few 100 GeV. Particles of this kind can generally be directly produced at the LHC, and thus they may already be constrained by existing data. In this work, we investigate this connection between $a_μ$ and the LHC in a model-independent approach, by introducing one or two new fields beyond the standard model with spin and weak isospin up to one. For each case, we identify the preferred parameter space for explaining the discrepancy of a_mu and derive bounds using data from LEP and the 8-TeV LHC run. Furthermore, we estimate how these limits could be improved with the 14-TeV LHC. We find that the 8-TeV results already rule out a subset of our simplified models, while almost all viable scenarios can be tested conclusively with 14-TeV data.
description: 35 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables, corrected bounds from electron g-2 on effects of mixing vector fermions in Section 4
Multilayer nanoparticle arrays for broad spectrum absorption enhancement in thin film solar cells
Creators: name: Krishnan, Aravind
name: Das, Snehal
name: Krishna, Siva Rama
name: Khan, Mohammed Zafar Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a theoretical study on the absorption efficiency enhancement of a thin film amorphous Silicon (a-Si) photovoltaic cell over a broad spectrum of wavelengths using multiple nanoparticle arrays. The light absorption efficiency is enhanced in the lower wavelengths by a nanoparticle array on the surface and in the higher wavelengths by another nanoparticle array embedded in the active region. The efficiency at intermediate wavelengths is enhanced by the simultaneous resonance from both nanoparticle layers. We optimize this design by tuning the radius of particles in both arrays, the period of the array and the distance between the two arrays. The optimization results in a total quantum efficiency of 62.35% for a 300nm thick a-Si substrate.
description: - Article Published in Optics Express on 7 Apr 2014. Link: http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-22-103-A800
The energy-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a product of spheres
Creators: name: Herr, Sebastian
name: Strunk, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q55 (Primary), 35R01 (Secondary)

description: Let $(M,g)$ be a compact smooth $3$-dimensional Riemannian manifold without boundary. It is proved that the energy-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation is globally well-posed for small initial data in $H^1(M)$, provided that a certain tri-linear estimate for free solutions holds true. This estimate is known to hold true on the sphere and tori in $3d$ and verified here in the case $\mathbb{S}\times\mathbb{S}^2$. The necessity of a weak form of this tri-linear estimate is also discussed.
description: v2: 18 pages, minor revision, Section 4 added
First-order quantum phase transitions: test ground for emergent chaoticity, regularity and persisting symmetries
Creators: name: Macek, M.
name: Leviatan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive analysis of the emerging order and chaos and enduring symmetries, accompanying a generic (high-barrier) first-order quantum phase transition (QPT). The interacting boson model Hamiltonian employed, describes a QPT between spherical and deformed shapes, associated with its U(5) and SU(3) dynamical symmetry limits. A classical analysis of the intrinsic dynamics reveals a rich but simply-divided phase space structure with a Hénon-Heiles type of chaotic dynamics ascribed to the spherical minimum and a robustly regular dynamics ascribed to the deformed minimum. The simple pattern of mixed but well-separated dynamics persists in the coexistence region and traces the crossing of the two minima in the Landau potential. A quantum analysis discloses a number of regular low-energy U(5)-like multiplets in the spherical region, and regular SU(3)-like rotational bands extending to high energies and angular momenta, in the deformed region. These two kinds of regular subsets of states retain their identity amidst a complicated environment of other states and both occur in the coexistence region. A symmetry analysis of their wave functions shows that they are associated with partial U(5) dynamical symmetry (PDS) and SU(3) quasi-dynamical symmetry (QDS), respectively. The pattern of mixed but well-separated dynamics and the PDS or QDS characterization of the remaining regularity, appear to be robust throughout the QPT. Effects of kinetic collective rotational terms, which may disrupt this simple pattern, are considered.
description: 76 pages, 35 figures. Final version, Annals of Physics, in press
Some remarks about non-minimally coupled scalar field models
Creators: name: Fadragas, Carlos R.
name: Leon, Genly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several results related to flat Friedmann-Lema\^ıtre-Robertson-Walker models in the conformal (Einstein) frame of scalar-tensor gravity theories are extended. Scalar fields with arbitrary (positive) potentials and arbitrary coupling functions are considered. Mild assumptions under such functions (differentiable class, number of singular points, asymptotes, etc) are introduced in a straightforward manner in order to characterize the asymptotic structure on a phase space. We pay special attention to the possible scaling solutions. Numerical evidence confirming our results is presented.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures. Matches the published version in CQG