cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A SURVEY OF MACROECONOMICS AND AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Choe, Young Chan
name: Choe, Young Chan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Political Economy

description: In 1973, the Bretton-Woods Agreement collapsed and the U.S. dollar was allowed to float. Since then, agricultural economists have paid considerable attention to the relationship between agriculture and the macroeconomy. Indeed, the magnitude of macroeconomic policy impacts on agriculture have been among the most important and hotly disputed issues in agricultural economics during the past decade (Schuh 1974, 1976; Chambers, 1981; Rausser 1985; Orden 1986III). This paper undertakes a critical survey of previous literature on the macroeconomics of agriculture. The main controversies will be outlined and priorities for future research will be discussed. How agricultural variables are related to macroeconomics variables, and how government policies affect those variables under different theoretical models, will receive most attention. In Section II, the important role of agriculture in the macroeconomy will be stressed by looking at key summary statistics. Then, the major issues and controversies that have arisen in the literature will be surveyed. Section III then provides a brief sketch of the macroeconomic environment facing agriculture. The mechanisms through which macroeconomic events get transferred to agriculture will be given particular attention. In Section IV, the current status of macroeconomic theory will be outlined through a selective review of the general macroeconomics literature. Implications for the effects that monetary and fiscal policies might have on aggregate macroeconomic indicators will be provided. In Section V, the implications of alternative macroeconomic theories for how macroeconomic policies affect agriculture will be discussed. The impact of farm policies and variables on the macroeconomy will also be considered. Finally, Section VI will discuss future research directions and conclude the study with a brief summary of findings.
Understanding the predication mechanism of deep learning through error propagation among parameters in strong lensing case
Creators: name: Fan, Xilong
name: Wang, Peizheng
name: Li, Jin
name: Yang, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The error propagation among estimated parameters reflects the correlation among the parameters. We study the capability of machine learning of "learning" the correlation of estimated parameters. We show that machine learning can recover the relation between the uncertainties of different parameters, especially, as predicted by the error propagation formula. Gravitational lensing can be used to probe both astrophysics and cosmology. As a practical application, we show that the machine learning is able to intelligently find the error propagation among the gravitational lens parameters (effective lens mass $M_{L}$ and Einstein radius $θ_{E}$) in accordance with the theoretical formula for the singular isothermal ellipse (SIE) lens model. The relation of errors of lens mass and Einstein radius, (e.g. the ratio of standard deviations $\mathcal{F}=σ_{\hat{ M_{L}}}/ σ_{\hat{θ_{E}}}$) predicted by the deep convolution neural network are consistent with the error propagation formula of SIE lens model. As a proof-of-principle test, a toy model of linear relation with Gaussian noise is presented. We found that the predictions obtained by machine learning indeed indicate the information about the law of error propagation and the distribution of noise. Error propagation plays a crucial role in identifying the physical relation among parameters, rather than a coincidence relation, therefore we anticipate our case study on the error propagation of machine learning predictions could extend to other physical systems on searching the correlation among parameters.
title: An encounter with an atypical variant of focal nodular hyperplasia: the pedunculated kind.
Creators: name: Zhang, Roland
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: CT
subject: eLearning
subject: Hyperplasia / Hypertrophy

description: Learning objectives
Background
Imaging findings OR Procedure details
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Learning objectives:
To recognize the varied presentations of focal nodular hyperplasia and learn about their...
Direct imaging of sub-Jupiter mass exoplanets with James Webb Space Telescope coronagraphy
Creators: name: Carter, Aarynn L.
name: Hinkley, Sasha
name: Bonavita, Mariangela
name: Phillips, Mark W.
name: Girard, Julien H.
name: Perrin, Marshall
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Vigan, Arthur
name: Gagné, Jonathan
name: Skemer, Andrew J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), currently scheduled to launch in 2021, will dramatically advance our understanding of exoplanetary systems with its ability to directly image and characterise planetary-mass companions at wide separations through coronagraphy. Using state-of-the-art simulations of JWST performance, in combination with the latest evolutionary models, we present the most sophisticated simulated mass sensitivity limits of JWST coronagraphy to date. In particular, we focus our efforts towards observations of members within the nearby young moving groups $β$ Pictoris and TW Hya. These limits indicate that whilst JWST will provide little improvement towards imaging exoplanets at short separations, at wide separations the increase in sensitivity is dramatic. We predict JWST will be capable of imaging sub-Jupiter mass objects beyond ~30 au, sub-Saturn mass objects beyond ~50 au, and that beyond ~100 au, JWST will be capable of directly imaging companions as small as 0.1 $M_\textrm{J}$ - at least an order of magnitude improvement over the leading ground-based instruments. Probing this unexplored parameter space will be of immediate value to modelling efforts focused on planetary formation and population synthesis. JWST will also serve as an excellent complement to ground based observatories through its unique ability to characterise previously detected companions across the near- to mid-infrared for the first time.
description: Published in MNRAS. 18 pages, 10 figures, and 2 tables
The shape of the ear canal
Creators: name: Ramm, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30, 74J25, 74J20

description: It is proved that the measurement of the acoustic pressure on the ear membrane allows one to determine the shape of the ear $ uniquely.
IMPLICATIONS OF FINNISH IMPORT RESTRICTIONS AND AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION ON AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS FROM LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Lindstedt, Esko T.
name: Lindstedt, Esko T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Finland, in spite of her small size, has developed rather diversified trade relationships with the industrialized countries. The main trade flows are to the European Economic Community (EEC), the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and to the Socialist countries in East Europe. Finland became an associate member of EFTA in July 1961 and in October 1973, after the expansion of EEC with England, Denmark and Ireland, negotiated specials trade arrangements with the EEC to secure her future trade relations. This arrangement is mainly for forest-based industries and agricultural exports and to avoid the tariff increases on exports from England and West Germany. With the Socialist countries, the trade is based on bilateral agreements which define the composition and volume of the trade for two to five years and therefore is relatively free from year to year fluctuations. Finland, unlike many of the industrialized countries, does not have any historical or colonial relationships with the Less Developed Countries (LDC). Neither has Finland any industries which are entirely based on imported raw materials from LDC's. Consequently, the volume of trade with LDC's has not developed as fast as in some developed countries. This study deals with the import restriction in Finland which originate in or are closely related to the protection of domestic agriculture and therefore directly or indirectly restrict imports from LDC's.
[Elicitation of sentences and vocabulary, story "How I Went to Catemaco"]
Creators: name: Santiago Francisco, José
name: McFarland, Teresa
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: tlp

description: 6 WAV files. Corresponds to pp. 39-56 of related field notes. Story is file 002, with transcription and translation on pp. 40-42.
Pesch, Otto Hermann: Einheit der Kirche - Einheit der Menschheit
Creators: name: Boeckler, Richard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 28 Nr. 2 (1979): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 28, Heft 2
Sequential seeding in multilayer networks
Creators: name: Bródka, Piotr
name: Jankowski, Jarosław
name: Michalski, Radosław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2

description: Multilayer networks are the underlying structures of multiple real-world systems where we have more than one type of interaction/relation between nodes: social, biological, computer, or communication, to name only a few. In many cases, they are helpful in modelling processes that happen on top of them, which leads to gaining more knowledge about these phenomena. One example of such a process is the spread of influence. Here, the members of a social system spread the influence across the network by contacting each other, sharing opinions or ideas, or - explicitly - by persuasion. Due to the importance of this process, researchers investigate which members of a social network should be chosen as initiators of influence spread to maximise the effect. In this work, we follow this direction, develop and evaluate the sequential seeding technique for multilayer networks. Until now, such techniques were evaluated only using simple one layer networks. The results show that sequential seeding in multilayer networks outperforms the traditional approach by increasing the coverage and allowing to save the seeding budget. However, it also extends the duration of the spreading process.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Regular collision of dilatonic inflating branes
Creators: name: Leeper, Emily
name: Koyama, Kazuya
name: Maartens, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that a two brane system with a bulk scalar field driving power-law inflation on the branes has an instability in the radion. We solve for the resulting trajectory of the brane, and find that the instability can lead to collision. Brane quantities such as the scale factor are shown to be regular at this collision. In addition we describe the system using a low energy expansion. The low energy expansion accurately reproduces the known exact solution, but also identifies an alternative solution for the bulk metric and brane trajectory.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures; typos corrected and clarifications added - version to appear in Phys Rev D
A STUDY OF THE COTTON SUBSECTOR IN BURKINA FASO
Creators: name: Traore, Sogossi K.
name: Traore, Sogossi K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Burkina Faso is a landlocked country of the Sahel, bordered on the south by the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and Benin, on the east by Niger, and on the northwest by Mali. The climate of Burkina is primarily sudanian. The country lacks mineral resources that can be exploited profitably with present technology. Burkina economic progress depends primarily on the performance of its agricultural sector, which employs 80-90 percent of the population. Crop cultivation is still the dominant activity in agriculture. Cotton is the main export crop and a growing source of farmer income. In Burkina Faso, cotton represented some 40 percent of the total recorded exports in recent years. In view of the prominent position of cotton in the Burkina economy, the expansion of cotton production has become an important agricultural policy issue. Therefore, studies are needed concerning the major determinants of the supply of cotton in the country.
Effect of Modified Zarrouk's Medium on Growth of Different Spirulina Strains
Creators: name: Chandrasekaran RAJASEKARAN, C. P. Mohammed AJEESH
Publisher: name: Walailak University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Spirulina strains, doubling time, growth response, specific growth rate, chlorophyll A

description: 1, 13, Walailak Journal of Science and Technology
title: Consensus and controversy: an update on guidelines and evidence on the management of visceral artery aneurysms
Creators: name: Du, Fashuo
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Arthrography
subject: Embolisation
subject: Aneurysms

description: Learning objectives
Background
Imaging findings OR Procedure details
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Learning objectives:
To compare and summarise the most recent mainstream clinical guidelines, with a focus on indications for treatment versus surveillance, and evaluate the evidence base on which these indications are grounded. The main guidelines discussed in this...
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF TRACTOR PURCHASE DECISION IN SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA: A COMPUTER SPREADSHEET TEMPLATE
Creators: name: Maamun, Muhamad Yusuf
name: Maamun, Muhamad Yusuf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Farm Management

description: Although most of the rice area in Indonesia is still prepared manually, since the early 1980s the government has promoted tractors for land preparation through subsidized loans. This has increased capital investment in agriculture; and for the farmers, the cost of owning and operating tractor has become an important part of farm costs. By the late 1980s, a rapid increase in the number of tractors intensified competition, reducing capacity utilization below an economically viable level. Thus, many tractor owners defaulted on their loans. This study investigates the financial profitability of tractor ownership in South Sulawesi, using a computer spreadsheet. The analysis uses input and output data (technical coefficient) collected by the Consequences of Mechanization Project in South Sulawesi in 1980-81, but introduces 1990 costs and prices to assess profitability under current conditions. The results showed that in 1980, tractors were unprofitable, as indicated by a B-C ratio of 0.87. In 1990, with the 1990 prices applied to the 1975-79 tractor capacity utilization, owners obtained positive net return (as indicated by a B-C ratio of 1.13, an IRR of 27% and a NPV of Rp 1,896,000) when the official contract rates was maintained. Sensitivity analysis showed that changes in critical variables, such as tractor price, contract rates, and interest level result in large changes in B-C ratio, NPV, and IRR. Increasing the initial tractor purchase price by 10%, decreased the B-C ratio to 1.07 (-5%), NPV to Rp 1,246,000 (34%) and IRR to 23% (-15%). Similarly, reducing the contract rate by 20 percent, reduce the B-C ratio to 0.9 (-20%), NPV to Rp -879,000 (146%) and IRR to 6.8% (-75%). In addition, increasing the interest rate from 15% to 30%, reduce the B-C ratio to 0.9 (-15%) and NPV to Rp461,000 (-76%). These results indicate the sensitivity of tractor profitability to parameters controlled by government (subsidized interest rate). Thus, while tractor ownership is certainly profitable, the profitability of future purchasers will depend on government policies at the time of purchase, government willingness to maintain a high contract rate, and farmers willingness to pay this rate.
Effect of Supplementing Spirulina on Live Performance, Carcass Composition and Meat Quality of Japanese Quail
Creators: name: Danny Swee Weng CHEONG, Azhar KASIM
Publisher: name: Walailak University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Spirulina, Japanese quails, feed conversion ratio, meat color, shear force value

description: 2, 13, Walailak Journal of Science and Technology
Massive photon propagator in the presence of axionic fluctuations
Creators: name: Chrispim, B. A. S. D.
name: Bruni, R. C. L.
name: Guimaraes, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of massive photons in the presence of axions is studied as the effective theory describing the electromagnetic response of semimetals when a particular quartic fermionic pairing perturbation triggers the formation of charged chiral condensates, giving rise to an axionic superconductor. We investigate corrections to the Yukawa-like potential mediated by massive photons due to axion excitations up to one-loop order and compute the modifications of the London penetration length.
description: 32 pages and 7 figures; added Acknowledgements section; Version to appear in PhysRevB
APPROACHES TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE THIRD WORLD: LESSONS FOR SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Machethe, Charles Lepepeule
name: Machethe, Charles Lepepeule
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The eradication of rural poverty has been a major concern of Third World governments and donor agencies for many decades. Various approaches have been used to eradicate rural poverty. Community Development (CD) emerged as the dominant approach in the early 1950s in many Third World countries, especially in Asia and Latin America. However, the CD movement declined in the 1960s when it was realized that it was not effective in reaching the poor. The French counterpart of CD, animation rurale(AR), was adopted in Francophone countries, especially in Africa in the late 1960s (Geller et al., 1980). Disappointment with the results of CD and AR gave rise to Integrated Rural Development (IRD) and the Basic Needs (BN) approaches in the early 1970s. However, by 1980 many donors had retreated from IRD projects or had redesigned them to give greater attention to agricultural production. A new government was installed in South Africa in April 1994 after more than four decades of apartheid rule. The new government is trying to repair the damage caused by the apartheid regime to the economy and the lives of the people of South Africa. A Reconstruction and Development Program (RDP) has been designed to address the economic, social, and political problems facing the country. The RDP is focusing on many of the same issues - rural poverty and underemployment - that give rise to the CD and IRD programs of the 1950s-1970s. The purpose of this paper is to (a) evaluate that global experience with CD, AR, IRD and BN programs, including their weaknesses and strengths; (b) outline South Africa's RDP; and (c) draw lessons for South Africa from experience with rural development in African and Asian countries. The remainder of the paper is organized into six chapters. Chapters 2-5 examine Africa's and Asia's experience with rural development. Chapter 6 outlines South Africa's RDP. Right lessons drawn from the experience of Asia and Africa with CD, AR, IRD and BN approaches are presented in Chapter 7. A summary of the paper is presented in Chapter 8.
Universal entanglement signatures of interface conformal field theories
Creators: name: Tang, Qicheng
name: Wei, Zixia
name: Tang, Yin
name: Wen, Xueda
name: Zhu, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An interface connecting two distinct conformal field theories hosts rich critical behaviors. In this work, we investigate the entanglement properties of such critical interface theories for probing the underlying universality. As inspired by holographic perspectives, we demonstrate vital features of various entanglement measures regarding such interfaces based on several paradigmatic lattice models. Crucially, for two subsystems adjacent at the interface, the mutual information and the reflected entropy exhibit identical leading logarithmic scaling, giving an effective interface central charge that takes the same value as the smaller central charge of the two conformal field theories. Our work demonstrates that the entanglement measure offers a powerful tool to explore the rich physics in critical interface theories.
description: 7 pages main text, 31 pages supplementary materials
Multiplicities in the trace cocharacter sequence of two $4\times 4$ matrices
Creators: name: Drensky, Vesselin
name: Genov, Georgi K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16R30; 05E05

description: We find explicitly the generating functions of the multiplicities in the pure and mixed trace cocharacter sequences of two $4\times 4$ matrices over a field of characteristic 0. We determine the asymptotic behavior of the multiplicities and show that they behave as polynomials of 14th degree.
description: 9 pages
A study of the phonetic detail used in lexical tasks during infancy
Creators: name: Stager, Christine Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In speech perception tasks young infants show remarkable sensitivity to fine phonetic detail. Despite this impressive ability demonstrated at early ages, studies of word learning in young toddlers indicate that they have difficulty learning similar-sounding words. This evidence suggests that infants may not be using this speech-perception ability as they begin to learn words. The studies in this thesis were designed to test how infants' speech-perception skills are used in the early stages of word learning. Using a simple habituation procedure, we have shown in earlier work that 14-month-old infants, but not younger infants, are able to learn the association between novel nonsense words and objects (Werker, Cohen, Lloyd, Casasola, & Stager, 1998). The current series of experiments used this simple habituation procedure to test whether infants use minimally contrastive phonetic detail in the very early stages of word learning. In this thesis, I show that 14-month-old infants, who are on the cusp of word learning, while still able to discriminate phonetically-similar words in a speech perception task, do not incorporate minimally contrastive phonetic detail when first forming word-object associations. Infants of 8 months of age do, however, appear to use fine phonetic detail in a similar task. Taken together, these results suggest a decline in the phonetic detail used by infants as they move from processing speech to learning words. I hypothesize that this decline may occur as infants move from treating the task as one of speech perception to treating the task as one of word learning.
gIM: GPU Accelerated RIS-based Influence Maximization Algorithm
Creators: name: Shahrouz, Soheil
name: Salehkaleybar, Saber
name: Hashemi, Matin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given a social network modeled as a weighted graph $G$, the influence maximization problem seeks $k$ vertices to become initially influenced, to maximize the expected number of influenced nodes under a particular diffusion model. The influence maximization problem has been proven to be NP-hard, and most proposed solutions to the problem are approximate greedy algorithms, which can guarantee a tunable approximation ratio for their results with respect to the optimal solution. The state-of-the-art algorithms are based on Reverse Influence Sampling (RIS) technique, which can offer both computational efficiency and non-trivial $(1-\frac{1}{e}-ε)$-approximation ratio guarantee for any $ε>0$. RIS-based algorithms, despite their lower computational cost compared to other methods, still require long running times to solve the problem in large-scale graphs with low values of $ε$. In this paper, we present a novel and efficient parallel implementation of a RIS-based algorithm, namely IMM, on GPU. The proposed GPU-accelerated influence maximization algorithm, named gIM, can significantly reduce the running time on large-scale graphs with low values of $ε$. Furthermore, we show that gIM algorithm can solve other variations of the IM problem, only by applying minor modifications. Experimental results show that the proposed solution reduces the runtime by a factor up to $220 \times$. The source code of gIM is publicly available online.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems (TPDS)
title: A dosimetric comparison of neurovascular bundle sparing techniques in prostate radiotherapy
Creators: name: Kissane, Luke
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pelvis
subject: CT
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Radiotherapy techniques

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
Prostate radiotherapy is associated with a high prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) (1). Nerve sparing prostatectomy has demonstrated reduced post-operative ED rates [2], suggesting potential benefits from neurovascular bundle (NVB) sparing...
Topological Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
Creators: name: Ezawa, Motohiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the topological aspect of dynamics in a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS), which is a combination of an electric-circuit system and a mass-spring system. A simplest example is a sequential chain of capacitors and springs. It is shown that such a chain exhibits novel topological dynamics with respect to its oscillation modes. On one hand, when it undergoes free oscillation, the system is governed by the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, and the topological charge is given by a winding number. Topological and trivial phases are differentiated by measuring the dynamics of the outermost plate. On the other hand, when it undergoes periodical motion in time, the system is governed by an inversion-symmetric-trimer model, and the topological phases are characterized by an inversion-symmetry indicator. There emerge topological edge states, which are well signaled by measuring electromechanical-impedance resonance. Our results will open an attractive field of topological MEMS.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Gaplessness of Landau Hamiltonians on hyperbolic half-planes via coarse geometry
Creators: name: Ludewig, Matthias
name: Thiang, Guo Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use coarse index methods to prove that the Landau Hamiltonian on the hyperbolic half-plane, and even on much more general imperfect half-spaces, has no spectral gaps. Thus the edge states of hyperbolic quantum Hall Hamiltonians completely fill up the gaps between Landau levels, just like those of the Euclidean counterpart.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures; Added proofs in Section 1.4; further minor revisions; to appear in Comm. Math. Phys
UNCOVER: Illuminating the Early Universe -- JWST/NIRSpec Confirmation of $z > 12$ Galaxies
Creators: name: Wang, Bingjie
name: Fujimoto, Seiji
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Furtak, Lukas J.
name: Miller, Tim B.
name: Setton, David J.
name: Zitrin, Adi
name: Atek, Hakim
name: Bezanson, Rachel
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Leja, Joel
name: Oesch, Pascal A.
name: Price, Sedona H.
name: Chemerynska, Iryna
name: Cutler, Sam E.
name: Dayal, Pratika
name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Goulding, Andy D.
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Fudamoto, Y.
name: Khullar, Gourav
name: Kokorev, Vasily
name: Marchesini, Danilo
name: Pan, Richard
name: Weaver, John R.
name: Whitaker, Katherine E.
name: Williams, Christina C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of high-redshift galaxies provide a critical direct test to the theories of early galaxy formation, yet to date, only three have been spectroscopically confirmed at $z>12$. Due to strong gravitational lensing over a wide area, the galaxy cluster field A2744 is ideal for searching for the earliest galaxies. Here we present JWST/NIRSpec observations of two galaxies: a robust detection at $z_{\rm spec} = 12.393^{+0.004}_{-0.001}$, and a plausible candidate at $z_{\rm spec} = 13.079^{+0.013}_{-0.001}$. The galaxies are discovered in JWST/NIRCam imaging and their distances are inferred with JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy, all from the JWST Cycle 1 UNCOVER Treasury survey. Detailed stellar population modeling using JWST NIRCam and NIRSpec data corroborates the primeval characteristics of these galaxies: low mass ($\sim 10^8~{\rm M_\odot}$), young, rapidly-assembling, metal-poor, and star-forming. Interestingly, both galaxies are spatially resolved, having lensing-corrected rest-UV effective radii on the order of 300-400 pc, which are notably larger than other spectroscopically confirmed systems at similar redshifts. The observed dynamic range of $z \gtrsim 10$ sizes spans over 1 order of magnitude, implying a significant scatter in the size-mass relation at early times. Deep into the epoch of reionization, these discoveries elucidate the emergence of the first galaxies.
description: ApJL in press; 16 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
title: Oh I say! Did I forget the TMJs?
Creators: name: Constantine, Sarah
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Other

description: Learning objectives
Background
Imaging findings OR Procedure details
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Learning objectives:
To appreciate the appearances of temporomandibular joint pathologies on panoramic...
title: Amebic Liver Abscess: A Review of Radiological Features and Case Report
Creators: name: Feng, Kelvin
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Liver
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Abscess
subject: Infection
subject: Parasites

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
To improve awareness of disseminated Entamoeba histolytica as a cause for hepatic lesions. To describe radiological features differentiating hepatic abscesses from hepatic...
ATTACHMENT VALUE AND FARMLAND PRICES: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Creators: name: Damon, Amy L.
name: Damon, Amy L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This study examines the role that attachment value plays in the formation of a willingness to accept price (WTA) for farmland. Attachment value is defined as the estimated or assigned worth of a socio-emotional good that binds one person or group to a physical object. The objective of this study is to determine if a differential exists between the market or assessed farmland price and the price a farmland owner would accept from a strange. Further this study aims to determine if attachment value has an affect on this differential. Qualitative evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that attachment value to farmland affects the WTA and that variables such as length of ownership tenure, family closeness, and community closeness affect the level of attachment value. The quantitative results provide evidence that there is a significant differential between the WTA and the assessed price and further that family closeness and education levels are significant in explaining the differential. An alternative survey instrument to more effectively explore the issue of farmland values and attachment values is presented in appendix 1.
Correlation-diversified portfolio construction by finding maximum independent set in large-scale market graph
Creators: name: Hidaka, Ryo
name: Hamakawa, Yohei
name: Nakayama, Jun
name: Tatsumura, Kosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Correlation-diversified portfolios can be constructed by finding the maximum independent sets (MISs) in market graphs with edges corresponding to correlations between two stocks. The computational complexity to find the MIS increases exponentially as the size of the market graph increases, making the MIS selection in a large-scale market graph difficult. Here we construct a diversified portfolio by solving the MIS problem for a large-scale market graph with a combinatorial optimization solver (an Ising machine) based on a quantum-inspired algorithm called simulated bifurcation (SB) and investigate the investment performance of the constructed portfolio using long-term historical market data. Comparisons using stock universes of various sizes [TOPIX 100, Nikkei 225, TOPIX 1000, and TOPIX (including approximately 2,000 constituents)] show that the SB-based solver outperforms conventional MIS solvers in terms of computation-time and solution-accuracy. By using the SB-based solver, we optimized the parameters of a MIS portfolio strategy through iteration of the backcast simulation that calculates the performance of the MIS portfolio strategy based on a large-scale universe covering more than 1,700 Japanese stocks for a long period of 10 years. It has been found that the best MIS portfolio strategy (Sharpe ratio = 1.16, annualized return/risk = 16.3%/14.0%) outperforms the major indices such as TOPIX (0.66, 10.0%/15.2%) and MSCI Japan Minimum Volatility Index (0.64, 7.7%/12.1%) for the period from 2013 to 2023.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Checklist for responsible deep learning modeling of medical images based on COVID-19 detection studies
Creators: name: Hryniewska, Weronika
name: Bombiński, Przemysław
name: Szatkowski, Patryk
name: Tomaszewska, Paulina
name: Przelaskowski, Artur
name: Biecek, Przemysław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The sudden outbreak and uncontrolled spread of COVID-19 disease is one of the most important global problems today. In a short period of time, it has led to the development of many deep neural network models for COVID-19 detection with modules for explainability. In this work, we carry out a systematic analysis of various aspects of proposed models. Our analysis revealed numerous mistakes made at different stages of data acquisition, model development, and explanation construction. In this work, we overview the approaches proposed in the surveyed Machine Learning articles and indicate typical errors emerging from the lack of deep understanding of the radiography domain. We present the perspective of both: experts in the field - radiologists and deep learning engineers dealing with model explanations. The final result is a proposed checklist with the minimum conditions to be met by a reliable COVID-19 diagnostic model.
Multiscale analysis of re-entrant production lines: An equation-free approach
Creators: name: Zou, Y.
name: Kevrekidis, I. G.
name: Armbruster, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F25

description: The computer-assisted modeling of re-entrant production lines, and, in particular, simulation scalability, is attracting a lot of attention due to the importance of such lines in semiconductor manufacturing. Re-entrant flows lead to competition for processing capacity among the items produced, which significantly impacts their throughput time (TPT). Such production models naturally exhibit two time scales: a short one, characteristic of single items processed through individual machines, and a longer one, characteristic of the response time of the entire factory. Coarse-grained partial differential equations for the spatio-temporal evolution of a "phase density" were obtained through a kinetic theory approach in Armbruster et al. [2]. We take advantage of the time scale separation to directly solve such coarse-grained equations, even when we cannot derive them explicitly, through an equation-free computational approach. Short bursts of appropriately initialized stochastic fine-scale simulation are used to perform coarse projective integration on the phase density. The key step in this process is lifting: the construction of fine-scale, discrete realizations consistent with a given coarse-grained phase density field. We achieve this through computational evaluation of conditional distributions of a "phase velocity" at the limit of large item influxes.
description: 14 pages, 17 figures
DETERMINANTS OF FARM PRODUCTIVITY AND THE SIZE-PRODUCTIVITY RELATIONSHIP UNDER LAND CONSTRAINTS: THE CASE OF RAWANDA
Creators: name: Byiringiro, Fidele Usabuwera
name: Byiringiro, Fidele Usabuwera
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Productivity Analysis

description: Despite its importance in agricultural development, the oft-observed inverse relationship between farm size and land productivity in developing countries has received very limited attention in Africa. This work tries to fill the gap by analyzing the relationship between farm-size and productivity in Rwanda. Our results confirm the existence of an inverse relationship between farm-size and land productivity. Smaller farms have a lower opportunity cost of labor and a higher shadow price of land compared to larger farms. These disparities are the results of constraints faced by smaller farms (a) to access land, and (b) to access labor market opportunities. The observed relationship is affected by land quality proxied by erosion (average annual soil loss), percentage of area fertilized and investment in soil conservation, and by the share of high value crops in gross value of output. Major implications to draw from the study include the necessity to (a) control market imperfections in rural Rwanda; (b) invest in land improvement (fertilization and soil conservation devices); and (c) promote high value crops.
Parameterizing Quasiperiodicity: Generalized Poisson Summation and Its Application to Modified-Fibonacci Antenna Arrays
Creators: name: Galdi, Vincenzo
name: Castaldi, Giuseppe
name: Pierro, Vincenzo
name: Pinto, Innocenzo M.
name: Felsen, Leopold B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fairly recent discovery of "quasicrystals", whose X-ray diffraction patterns reveal certain peculiar features which do not conform with spatial periodicity, has motivated studies of the wave-dynamical implications of "aperiodic order". Within the context of the radiation properties of antenna arrays, an instructive novel (canonical) example of wave interactions with quasiperiodic order is illustrated here for one-dimensional (1-D) array configurations based on the "modified-Fibonacci" sequence, with utilization of a two-scale generalization of the standard Poisson summation formula for periodic arrays. This allows for a "quasi-Floquet" analytic parameterization of the radiated field, which provides instructive insights into some of the basic wave mechanisms associated with quasiperiodic order, highlighting similarities and differences with the periodic case. Examples are shown for quasiperiodic infinite and spatially-truncated arrays, with brief discussion of computational issues and potential applications.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures. To be published in IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, No. 6, June 2005
title: Quality of reporting in interventional neuroradiology case series: a meta-epidemiological analysis and recommendations for improved reporting
Creators: name: White, Sam
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Embolisation
subject: Arteriovenous malformations

description: Purpose
Methods and materials
Results
Conclusion
Personal information
References
description: Purpose:
Interventional neuroradiology is a dynamic field with technological advancements constantly driving evolution in clinical practice. Case series provide interventional neuroradiologists the opportunity to describe the clinical implications of novel...
Learning of discrete models of variational PDEs from data
Creators: name: Offen, Christian
name: Ober-Blöbaum, Sina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37K58, 65K05, 93B30, 68T07

description: We show how to learn discrete field theories from observational data of fields on a space-time lattice. For this, we train a neural network model of a discrete Lagrangian density such that the discrete Euler--Lagrange equations are consistent with the given training data. We, thus, obtain a structure-preserving machine learning architecture. Lagrangian densities are not uniquely defined by the solutions of a field theory. We introduce a technique to derive regularisers for the training process which optimise numerical regularity of the discrete field theory. Minimisation of the regularisers guarantees that close to the training data the discrete field theory behaves robust and efficient when used in numerical simulations. Further, we show how to identify structurally simple solutions of the underlying continuous field theory such as travelling waves. This is possible even when travelling waves are not present in the training data. This is compared to data-driven model order reduction based approaches, which struggle to identify suitable latent spaces containing structurally simple solutions when these are not present in the training data. Ideas are demonstrated on examples based on the wave equation and the Schrödinger equation.
Discount Rates in Risk v. Money and Money v. Money Tradeoffs
Creators: name: Alberini, Anna
name: Chiabai, Aline
name: Alberini, Anna
name: Chiabai, Aline
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: We use data from a survey of residents of five Italian cities conducted in late Spring 2004 to estimate the discount rates implicit in (a) money v. future risk reductions and (b) money v. money tradeoffs. We find that the mean personal discount rate is 2% in (a) and 8.7% in (b). The latter is lower than the discount rates estimated in comparable situations in many recent studies, greater than market interest rates in Italy at the time, and exhibits modest variation with age and gender. The discount rate implicit in money v. risk tradeoffs is in line with estimates from studies in the US and Europe, and does not depend on observable individual characteristics.
Exploring the Potential of World Models for Anomaly Detection in Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Bogdoll, Daniel
name: Bosch, Lukas
name: Joseph, Tim
name: Gremmelmaier, Helen
name: Yang, Yitian
name: Zöllner, J. Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years there have been remarkable advancements in autonomous driving. While autonomous vehicles demonstrate high performance in closed-set conditions, they encounter difficulties when confronted with unexpected situations. At the same time, world models emerged in the field of model-based reinforcement learning as a way to enable agents to predict the future depending on potential actions. This led to outstanding results in sparse reward and complex control tasks. This work provides an overview of how world models can be leveraged to perform anomaly detection in the domain of autonomous driving. We provide a characterization of world models and relate individual components to previous works in anomaly detection to facilitate further research in the field.
description: Accepted for publication at SSCI 2023
The gravimagnetic dipole
Creators: name: Clément, Gérard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a previously constructed stationary solution of the vacuum Einstein equations, which represents a system of two non-extreme black holes with equal masses and opposite NUT charges, connected by a Misner string with tension. For large separations, the inverse square law force measured by this tension is attractive or repulsive, according to the relative values of the masses and NUT charges. For small separations, the force is always repulsive, so that the system cannot collapse to a single black hole. For given values of the black hole masses and NUT charges, there is a unique configuration such that the Misner string is tensionless. This behaves asymptotically as the Kerr solution, but can be overspinning while remaining free from a ring singularity, thus evading the usual black hole uniqueness theorems. All double black hole and string configurations satisfy a generalized first law of black hole mechanics where the two black holes and the Misner string are treated on an equal footing.
description: 14 pages, discussion of first maw expanded, and references added
The Color-Octet Contributions to $P$-wave $B_c$ Meson Hadroproduction
Creators: name: Chang, Chao-Hsi
name: Qiao, Cong-Feng
name: Wang, Jian-Xiong
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The contributions from the color-octet components $|(c\bar b)_{\bf 8}(^{1}S_{0}) g>$ and $|(c\bar b)_{\bf 8}(^{3}S_{1}) g>$ to the $h_{B_c}$ or $χ_{B_c}^J$ (the $P$-wave $B_c$ meson) hadroproduction are estimated in terms of the complete ${\cal O}(α_s^4)$ calculation. As necessary inputs in the estimate, we take the values of the octet matrix elements according to the NRQCD scaling rules, and as a result, we have found that the contributions to the $P$-wave production may be the same in order of magnitude as those from the color-singlet ones, $|(c\bar b)_{\bf 1}(^{1}P_{1})>$ and $|(c\bar b)_{\bf 1}(^{3}P_{J})>$ ($J=1,2,3$). Especially, our result indicates that the observation of the color-octet contributions to the $P$-wave production in the low transverse momentum region is not very far from the present experimental capability at Tevatron and LHC.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures (8 eps-files for figures), add references and correct typos