cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Antibacterial Mg-Ag biodegradable alloys
title: Antibakterielle, biologisch abbaubare Mg-Ag-Legierungen
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Tie, Di
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: antibakteriell
subject: biologisch abbaubare Legierung
subject: antibacterial
subject: bidegradabele alloys
classificationCode: 51.10
subject: Metallphysik
subject: Legierung
subject: Metallischer Werkstoff

description: The use of magnesium alloys as degradable metals for biomedical applications is topic of ongoing research. As a further aspect, the demand for multifunctional materials is increasing. Hence, binary Mg-Ag alloys were designed to combine the favourable properties of magnesium with the wellknown antibacterial property of silver. In this study, three Mg-Ag alloys, Mg2Ag, Mg4Ag and Mg6Ag which contain 1.87%, 3.82% and 6.00% silver by weight respectively were casted and processed with solution and aging heat treatment. Afterwards, the samples were investigated in vitro for metallographic, mechanical, corrosive, cytocompatible and antibacterial properties. The metallurgical analysis and phase identification showed that all alloys contained Mg4Ag as the dominant second phase. The mechanical properties of the Mg-Ag alloys were dramatically improved in several parameters especially after heat treatment. Corrosion tests revealed that after heat treatment, content of silver reduced the corrosion rate and exhibited less susceptibility to pitting corrosion than pure magnesium. Mg(OH)2 and MgO presented as main magnesium corrosion products while AgCl was found as the primary silver corrosion product. Immersion tests demonstrated that content of silver did not significantly shift the pH, osmolality and magnesium ion release in the environment. Cultivation and cytotoxicity tests with both primary cells and cell lines revealed that Mg-Ag alloys induce no negative effect on cells and show minor cytotoxicity. Antibacterial testing in a dynamic bioreactor system proved the alloys to reduce the viability of two common pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In summary, biodegradable Mg-Ag alloys are cytocompatible biomaterials with adjustable mechanical and corrosion properties while having sound antibacterial ability.
An evaluation of the woodland caribou management process in Alberta
Creators: name: MacDonald, John David
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: QL737 .U55 M33 2001
subject: Boreal Caribou Committee
subject: Woodland caribou - Alberta
subject: Wildlife management - Alberta
subject: Wildlife conservation - Alberta

description: Bibliography: 12-14 / 25-26 / 52-54 / 95-98
Diagonalization and Rationalization of algebraic Laurent series
Creators: name: Adamczewski, Boris
name: Bell, Jason P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a quantitative version of a result of Furstenberg and Deligne stating that the the diagonal of a multivariate algebraic power series with coefficients in a field of positive characteristic is algebraic. As a consequence, we obtain that for every prime $p$ the reduction modulo $p$ of the diagonal of a multivariate algebraic power series $f$ with integer coefficients is an algebraic power series of degree at most $p^{A}$ and height at most $A^2p^{A+1}$, where $A$ is an effective constant that only depends on the number of variables, the degree of $f$ and the height of $f$. This answers a question raised by Deligne.
description: 48 pp
Platte und Wirbelpaar als mathematisches Bild der quer angeströmten unendlich langen, ebenen Platte
Creators: name: Blendermann, Werner
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 1961
Subjects: subject: Platte
subject: Wirbel
subject: Potential
classificationCode: 52.00
subject: Maschinenbau, Energietechnik, Fertigungstechnik: Allgemeines

description: Platte und Wirbelpaar als mathematisches Bild der quer angeströmten unendlich langen, ebenen Platte
Shannon entropy as a measure of uncertainty in positions and momenta
Creators: name: Rudnicki, Łukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is prepared as a contribution to the proceedings after the 12th ICSSUR/Feynfest Conference held in Foz do Iguacu (Brazil) from 2 to 6 May 2011. In the first part I briefy report the topic of entropic uncertainty relations for position and momentum variables. Then I investigate the discrete Shannon entropies related to the case of fnite number of detectors set to measure probability distributions in position and momentum spaces. I derive an uncertainty relation for the sum of the Shannon entropies which generalizes previous approaches [Phys. Lett. 103 A, 253 (1984)] based on an infnite number of detectors (bins).
description: Contribution to the proceedings after the 12th ICSSUR/Feynfest Conference held in Foz do Iguacu (Brazil)
title: Geleitwort
Creators: name: Ahner, Helen
name: Kather, Franz
Publisher: name: MyCoRe Community
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Künstliche Intelligenz
subject: INSIST
subject: Forschungsfelder
subject: Nachwuchsförderung
subject: Formate
subject: Leopoldina-Zentrum für Wissenschaftsforschung
subject: Pluralismus
subject: Wissenschaft
subject: Weltbild
subject: 000
subject: 004
subject: 300

description: Künstliche Intelligenz: Perspektiven auf epistemische, praktische und historiographische Herausforderungen, p. 7
An ecosystem approach to integrate sustainability into ecotourism experiences
Creators: name: MacDonald, Michelle
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: G156.5 .E26 M33 2001
subject: Ecotourism - Alberta
subject: Ecotourism - Montana
subject: Biosphere reserves
subject: Conservation of natural resources
subject: Sustainable development
subject: Waterton Lakes National Park (Alta.)
subject: Glacier National Park (Mont.)

description: Bibliography: p. 146-156.
A fresh hope of prove Goldbach conjecture(1+1)
Creators: name: Li, Ke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10101 Algebra and Number Theory
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Goldbach conjecture is known as the jewel in the crown of mathematics. At present, the research methods mainly include almost prime, exception set, three prime theorem and almost Goldbach problem. But none of them solved the problem. In 2019, Goldbach conjecture ushered in a new proof path – LiKe sequence. This method is feasible in theory. This paper briefly introduces the proof process of this method: by indirect transformation, Goldbach conjecture is transformed to prove that the LiKe sequence of prime sequence (3,5,7,…,Pn) must be greater than 2×(Pn+1-1). The problem is proved by proving the LiKe sequence>3×Pn>2×Pn+1>2×(Pn+1-1) step by step. So that tells us that the Goldbach conjecture is true.
Exhaustive and Efficient Constraint Propagation: A Semi-Supervised Learning Perspective and Its Applications
Creators: name: Lu, Zhiwu
name: Ip, Horace H. S.
name: Peng, Yuxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a novel pairwise constraint propagation approach by decomposing the challenging constraint propagation problem into a set of independent semi-supervised learning subproblems which can be solved in quadratic time using label propagation based on k-nearest neighbor graphs. Considering that this time cost is proportional to the number of all possible pairwise constraints, our approach actually provides an efficient solution for exhaustively propagating pairwise constraints throughout the entire dataset. The resulting exhaustive set of propagated pairwise constraints are further used to adjust the similarity matrix for constrained spectral clustering. Other than the traditional constraint propagation on single-source data, our approach is also extended to more challenging constraint propagation on multi-source data where each pairwise constraint is defined over a pair of data points from different sources. This multi-source constraint propagation has an important application to cross-modal multimedia retrieval. Extensive results have shown the superior performance of our approach.
description: The short version of this paper appears as oral paper in ECCV 2010
title: Künstliche Intelligenz, Computerspiele und Sozialität
Creators: name: Gramelsberger, Gabriele
Publisher: name: MyCoRe Community
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Künstliche Intelligenz
subject: Kulturwissenschaften
subject: Computerspiel
subject: Geist
subject: Logik
subject: Konnektionismus
subject: Sozialität
subject: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
subject: 000
subject: 004
subject: 300

description: In der Entwicklung der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) haben Spiele immer wieder eine wichtige Rolle gespielt. Die Frage ist: Warum? Was liefert das Spiel, was so essentiell für die KI-Entwicklung war und ist? Um dieser Frage aus philosophischer Perspektive nachzugehen, wird die Entwicklung der KI aus dem neuzeitlichen Programm der Operationalisierung des Geistes heraus auf die maschinenrationalen Ersetzungsverhältnisse menschlicher Rationalität hin analysiert. Dabei leitet insbesondere ein Ersetzungsverhältnis, so die These, einen Paradigmenwechsel ein, der das Einfallstor für Spiele öffnet.
description: In the development of artificial intelligence (AI), games have always played an important role. The question is: Why? What does the game provide that was and is so essential to AI development? To explore this question from a philosophical perspective, the development of AI is analyzed from the modern program of operationalizing the mind to the algorithmic substitution of human rationality. According to the thesis, one substitution in particular initiates a paradigm shift that opens the access point for games.
description: Künstliche Intelligenz: Perspektiven auf epistemische, praktische und historiographische Herausforderungen, p. 21
Program Understanding: A Reengineering Case for the Transformation Tool Contest
Creators: name: Horn, Tassilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In Software Reengineering, one of the central artifacts is the source code of the legacy system in question. In fact, in most cases it is the only definitive artifact, because over the time the code has diverged from the original architecture and design documents. The first task of any reengineering project is to gather an understanding of the system's architecture. Therefore, a common approach is to use parsers to translate the source code into a model conforming to the abstract syntax of the programming language the system is implemented in which can then be subject to querying. Despite querying, transformations can be used to generate more abstract views on the system's architecture. This transformation case deals with the creation of a state machine model out of a Java syntax graph. It is derived from a task that originates from a real reengineering project.
description: In Proceedings TTC 2011, arXiv:1111.4407
Domain-Wall Pinning by Local Control of Anisotropy in Pt/Co/Pt strips
Creators: name: Franken, Jeroen H.
name: Hoeijmakers, Mark
name: Lavrijsen, Reinoud
name: Swagten, Henk J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically and experimentally analyze the pinning of a magnetic domain wall (DW) at engineered anisotropy variations in Pt/Co/Pt strips with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. An analytical model is derived showing that a step in the anisotropy acts as an energy barrier for the DW. Quantitative measurements are performed showing that the anisotropy can be controlled by focused ion beam irradiation with Ga ions. This tool is used to experimentally study the field-induced switching of nanostrips which are locally irradiated. The boundary of the irradiated area indeed acts as a pinning barrier for the domain wall and the pinning strength increases with the anisotropy difference. Varying the thickness of the Co layer provides an additional way to tune the anisotropy, and it is shown that a thinner Co layer gives a higher starting anisotropy thereby allowing tunable DW pinning in a wider range of fields. Finally, we demonstrate that not only the anisotropy itself, but also the width of the anisotropy barrier can be tuned on the length scale of the domain wall.
description: Published in Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (special issue on Domain wall dynamics in nanostructures) 19 pages, 8 figures
LWE-based encryption schemes and their applications in privacy-friendly data aggregation
Creators: name: Becker, Daniela
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LWE
subject: privacy
subject: encryption
subject: aggregation
subject: cryptography
classificationCode: 004
subject: Informatik

description: Wir konstruieren neue Verschlüsselungssysteme basierend auf dem Learning With Errors Problem and lösen die folgenden Probleme: Durch datenschutzfreundliche Aggregation lassen sich Daten von mehreren Nutzern unter Wahrung ihrer Privatsphäre aggregieren ohne dem Aggregator zu vertrauen. Unsere Systeme verbessern sowohl Laufzeit als auch Bandbreite der Verschlüsselung, insbesondere die Entschlüsselung ist ca. 150 Mal schneller als zuvor. Überdies stellen wir die erste Lösung für datenschutzfreundliche Werbung auf sozialen Medien vor - unsere Architektur hat hohe Sicherheits- und Privacy-Garantien und bietet kryptographische Beweise für die Korrektheit der Ergebnisse.
description: We construct new Learning With Errors-based encryption schemes in order to solve two problems: privacy-preserving data aggregation and privacy-friendly social media marketing.The former allows for the aggregation of privacy-sensitive data from multiple users without trusting the aggregator. Our schemes improve over the state-of-the-art both in terms of runtime and bandwidth e ciency. In particular, our decryption routine is about 150 times faster compared to previous results. Secondly, we propose the first known solution for privacy-friendly social media marketing. Our construction maintains strong security and privacy guarantees and provides cryptographic proofs of correctness.
title: Partition coefficients in mixed surfactant systems
title: Verteilungskoeffizienten in gemischten Tensidsystemen
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Mehling, Tanja
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mizellare Chromatographie
subject: COSMO-RS
subject: Gemischte Mizellen
subject: Verteilungskoeffizienten
subject: Tensidbasierte Trennprozesse
subject: Micellar Liquid Chromatography
subject: Mixed micelles
subject: Partition coefficients
subject: Surfactant based separation processes
classificationCode: 540
subject: Chemie
classificationCode: 600
subject: Technik
classificationCode: 620
subject: Ingenieurwissenschaften
classificationCode: 58.13
subject: Thermische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: Verteilungskoeffizient
subject: Micelle
subject: Tensid
subject: Trennverfahren
subject: Effizienz

description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Methode entwickelt, die es ermöglicht die Eignung von Tensiden für neuartige Trennprozesse zu evaluieren. Hierzu werden Tensid/ Wasser Phasengleichgewichte und Mizelle/ Wasser Verteilungskoeffizienten ermittelt, unter der Berücksichtigung des Einflusses von Alkoholen, pH Wert und Tensidmischungen. Basierend auf experimentellen und prädiktiven (COSMO-RS) Ergebnissen wird die Implementierung von Tensidsystemen anhand von Beispielen demonstriert.
description: In this work the applicability of surfactants in novel separation processes is investigated. The surfactant/ water phase behavior and micelle/ water partition coefficients were determined, considering the influence of alcohols, the pH value and surfactant mixtures. Based on the experimental and predicted (COSMO-RS) results, the implementation of surfactant based systems is demonstrated
Do Data-based Curricula Work?
Creators: name: Surkov, Maxim K.
name: Mosin, Vladislav D.
name: Yamshchikov, Ivan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current state-of-the-art NLP systems use large neural networks that require lots of computational resources for training. Inspired by human knowledge acquisition, researchers have proposed curriculum learning, - sequencing of tasks (task-based curricula) or ordering and sampling of the datasets (data-based curricula) that facilitate training. This work investigates the benefits of data-based curriculum learning for large modern language models such as BERT and T5. We experiment with various curricula based on a range of complexity measures and different sampling strategies. Extensive experiments on different NLP tasks show that curricula based on various complexity measures rarely has any benefits while random sampling performs either as well or better than curricula.
Femtosecond Hot-Exciton Emission in a Ladder-Type pi-Conjugated Rigid-Polymer Nanowire
Creators: name: Dai, D. C.
name: Monkman, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A hot-exciton is usually the initial elementary excitation product of the solid phase, particularly in low dimensional photonic materials, which is a bottle-neck to all subsequent processes. Measurement of hot-exciton emission (HExEm) is a great challenge due to fast EK relaxation and thus very weak transient emission. Here we report the first unambiguous observation of femtosecond HExEm from thin films of a model quasi-one-dimensional π-conjugated organic rigid-rod quantum nanowire, MeLPPP (methyl-substituted ladder-type poly(para-phenylenes), by using femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show the clear HExEm from the cooling hot-excitons has a lifetime of ~500 to ~800 fs, and concomitant very weak density-dependent singlet-singlet annihilation (SSA) due to this ultrashort dwelling time.
description: 18 pages, 3+4 figures
Examining the effects of early-life seizures on neuronal dendrite growth in vivo using a novel experimental model system
Creators: name: Hewapathirane, Daminda Sesath
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The effects of highly prevalent early-life seizures on neuronal activity-dependent developmental programs within the immature brain remain unclear. To address this issue, the present work examined the acute and persistent effects of early-life seizures on neuronal dendritogenesis, a key activity-dependent component of neural circuit development. A novel experimental model system of early-life seizures, based on the albino Xenopus laevis tadpole, was developed for these studies. The transparency of this organism allows in vivo imaging of neuronal growth and activity within the intact developing brain. Additionally, immobilization of tadpoles using reversible paralytics and immersion in agar, for electrophysiological or imaging experiments, allows examination of seizure activity and seizure-induced effects on neuronal growth for the first time within the unanaesthetized and awake brain. Chemoconvulsant-induced seizures in tadpoles were extensively characterized using behavioural assessment, measures of cell death, and in vivo examination of neural activity during seizures through electrophysiological recordings and imaging of intracellular calcium dynamics. Rapid and long-interval time-lapse in vivo two-photon imaging of individual fluorescently labelled growing optic tectal neurons within the intact tadpole brain revealed that seizures inhibit dendritic arbor growth, that these effects are mediated cell-autonomously by excessive AMPA-receptor mediated excitatory activity, and that a single seizure episode persistently stunts subsequent arbor growth. Reduced dendritic growth is a result of decreased branch elongation, increased branch elimination, and loss of dendritic filopodia. Seizures also persistently reduced the density of immunostained excitatory synaptic markers within the tectal neuropil. Rapid time lapse imaging at 5 minute intervals for 5 hours reveals selective effects on filopodial growth dynamics, characterized by rapid increase in the rate of elimination of pre-existing filopodia within minutes of seizure onset, followed by hyper-stabilization of filopodia generated during seizures. These data suggest that seizures interfere with neural circuit development by acutely destabilizing filopodia present prior to seizure induction and hyper-stabilizing filopodia formed during seizures, leading to a persistent inhibition of continued arbor elaboration and growth. This is the first examination of the effects of common early-life seizures on dendritic morphogenesis within the intact and awake brain, and these findings identify a potential morphological correlate of persistent seizure-induced neural dysfunction.
On the Role of the Running Coupling Constant in a Quark Model Analysis of T-odd TMDs
Creators: name: Courtoy, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the standard procedure to match non-perturbative models to perturbative QCD, using experimental data. The strong coupling constant plays a central role in the QCD evolution of parton densities. We will extend this procedure with a non-perturbative generalization of the QCD running coupling and use this new development to understand why perturbative treatments are working reasonably well in the context of hadronic models. Vice versa, this new procedure broadens the ways of analyzing the freezing of the running coupling constant.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the QCD Evolution Workshop: from collinear to non collinear case, April 8-9, 2011, JLab, Newport News, VA. ws-ijmpcs.cls included
title: KI – Kapriolende Intelligenz – Kapriolende Information
Creators: name: Seising, Rudolf
Publisher: name: MyCoRe Community
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Künstliche Intelligenz
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Informationstheorie
subject: Kommunikationstheorie
subject: Intelligenzbegriff
subject: Claude Elwood Shannon
subject: William Ross Ashby
subject: 000
subject: 004
subject: 300

description: 1955 erschien der Sammelband Automata Studies, und im gleichen Jahr erging der Antrag zur Förderung des Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence an die Rockefeller-Stiftung. Beide Ereignisse stehen am Beginn der seither diskutierten Interpretationsschwierigkeiten des Begriffs „Artificial Intelligence“. Mit Blick auf die Geschichte der Nachrichten- bzw. Informationstheorie wird klar, dass schon der Begriff intelligence verschiedene Bedeutungen hatte, und erst nach der Einführung des Begriffs information als neue Grundgröße für Kommunikationstheorie und -technik dominierte für intelligence die Bedeutung als kognitive Fähigkeit. Zu diesem Intelligenzbegriff wurden in der Psychologie des 20. Jahrhunderts Theorien und Messverfahren entwickelt, die in der Definition des „Intelligenzquotienten“ (IQ) gipfelten. Die von dem Psychiater und Kybernetiker W. R. Ashby in den Automata Studies veröffentlichte Arbeit projiziert keine (künstliche) Intelligenz in den Computer, sondern sieht in ihm einen „Intelligenzverstärker“. Diese Interpretation von „Artificial Intelligence“ wurde in dem gleichnamigen Forschungsfeld allerdings nicht weiter beachtet.
description: In 1955, the anthology Automata Studies was published, and in the same year, the Rockefeller Foundation received an application for funding the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. Both events mark the beginning of the difficulties in interpreting the term “Artificial Intelligence” that have been discussed ever since. Looking at the history of intelligence and information theory, it becomes clear that the term intelligence already had various meanings, and it was only after the introduction of the term information as a new basic variable for communication theory and technology that the meaning of intelligence as a cognitive ability became dominant. In 20th century psychology, theories and measurement methods were developed for this concept of intelligence, culminating in the definition of the “intelligence quotient” (IQ). The work published by the psychiatrist and cyberneticist W. R. Ashby in Automata Studies does not project (artificial) intelligence into the computer, but sees it as an “intelligence amplifier”. However, this interpretation of “Artificial Intelligence” was not given further attention in the research field of the same name.
description: Künstliche Intelligenz: Perspektiven auf epistemische, praktische und historiographische Herausforderungen, p. 49
Elliptic Carmichael Numbers and Elliptic Korselt Criteria
Creators: name: Silverman, Joseph H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11G05. Secondary 11Y11

description: Let E/Q be an elliptic curve, let L(E,s)=\sum a_n/n^s be the L-series of E/Q, and let P be a point in E(Q). An integer n > 2 having at least two distinct prime factors will be be called an elliptic pseudoprime for (E,P) if E has good reduction at all primes dividing n and (n+1-a_n)P = 0 (mod n). Then n is an elliptic Carmichael number for E if n is an elliptic pseudoprime for every P in E(Z/nZ). In this note we describe two elliptic analogues of Korselt's criterion for Carmichael numbers, and we analyze elliptic Carmichael numbers of the form pq.
description: 15 pages
How to use analogies for breakthrough innovations
Creators: name: Schild, Katharina
name: Herstatt, Cornelius
name: Lüthje, Christian
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2004
Subjects: classificationCode: 85.15
subject: Forschung und Entwicklung
subject: Produktinnovation
subject: Produktentwicklung
subject: Erfindung

description: Analogies can trigger breakthrough ideas in new product development. Numerous examples demonstrate that substantial innovations often result from transferring problem solutions from one industry or domain to another. For instance, the designers of the new running shoe generation of Nike, “Nike SHOX”, use the same suspension concept like the technologies applied for Formula 1 racing cars, or the biological Lotus-effect led to the development of various self-cleaning surfaces. Academic research on analogical thinking has been so far heavily influenced by general theoretical work from cognitive psychology or systematic inventing. Only a small number of studies have investigated the application of analogies in the specific context of breakthrough innovation projects. This paper focuses on the question how analogies can be systematically used in the early innovation phases of new product development and which factors influence the successful use of analogical thinking in innovating companies. Special attention is paid to organizational facilitators and the requests on people involved in this process.
title: Vernetzte Künstliche Intelligenz: Frühe bundesdeutsche KI-Forschung von den 1960er bis Ende der 1980er Jahre
Creators: name: Pfau, Dinah
name: Piel, Helen
Publisher: name: MyCoRe Community
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Künstliche Intelligenz
subject: KI-Forschung
subject: Netzwerkanalyse
subject: KI-Wissen
subject: Informatik
subject: Hochschule
subject: Karl Steinbuch
subject: 000
subject: 004
subject: 300

description: Wir betrachten verschiedene Forschungsnetzwerke der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) in der Bundesrepublik von den 1960er bis Anfang der 1980er Jahre. Im Zentrum unserer Betrachtungen steht dabei – in Anlehnung an netzwerkanalytische Ansätze – die Vernetzung verschiedener Personen und Gruppen, die wir in Hinblick auf ihre Größe, Art und Stärke der Beziehungen und Organisation der Netzwerkstrukturen unterscheiden, um die vertikalen und horizontalen Wanderbewegungen von KI-Wissen nachzuvollziehen. Nach Karl Steinbuch (1917–2005) und den Forschungen in Karlsruhe wenden wir uns der bundesweiten Informatikförderung zu, um schließlich über die Entwicklung des Kommunikations- und Tagungsnetzwerkes der KI aus der Informatik heraus zur institutionellen Etablierung von Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Bundesrepublik zu kommen. Es zeigt sich dabei, dass die breite politische Top-down-Förderung der Informatik an bundesdeutschen Hochschulen wie ein Katalysator auf frühe Bottom-up-Initiativen der KI wirkte. Wo einzelne, wenn auch gut vernetzte, aber personenorientierte Forschungsgruppen scheiterten, machten die überregionalen, politisch und institutionell geförderten und bereitgestellten Strukturen eine Etablierung der KI möglich.
description: We look at several research networks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that developed in the Federal Republic of Germany between the 1960s and the early 1980s. Inspired by network analytic approaches we focus on the networks of people and groups, looking at their relative sizes, and the types and strengths of their structures. Thus, we reconstruct the vertical and horizontal movements of knowledge of AI. After Karl Steinbuchʼs (1917–2005) and others research at Karlsruhe we turn to the federal funding of computer science that set in in the late 1960s. Resilient AI research networks began developing within and next to computer science, establishing communication and conference networks, which ultimately led to the institutional establishment of AI in the late 1970s, early 1980s. We show that the political, (top-down) promotion of computer science at West German universities functioned as a catalyst for early bottom-up initiatives for AI. Where single research groups, which may have been well connected but were often too focused on single personas, failed, the transregional, politically and institutionally provided and supported networks allowed the establishment of AI in West Germany.
description: Künstliche Intelligenz: Perspektiven auf epistemische, praktische und historiographische Herausforderungen, p. 77
A GPU-accelerated MRI sequence simulator for differentiable optimization and learning
Creators: name: Rakshit, Somnath
name: 0000-0002-2017-5997
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: EPG
MRI
Simulator
Parallelization
Auto-differentiable

description: The Extended Phase Graph (EPG) Algorithm is a powerful tool for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence simulation and quantitative fitting, but simulators based on EPG are mostly written to run on CPU only and (with some exception) are poorly parallelized. A parallelized simulator compatible with other learning-based frameworks would be a useful tool to optimize scan parameters, estimate tissue parameter maps, and combine with other learning frameworks. In this thesis, I present our work on an open source, GPU-accelerated EPG simulator written in PyTorch. Since the simulator is fully differentiable by means of automatic differentiation, it can be used to take derivatives with respect to sequence parameters, e.g. flip angles, as well as tissue parameters, e.g. T₁ and T₂. Here, I describe the simulator package and demonstrate its use for a number of MRI tasks including tissue parameter estimation and sequence optimization.
ENGINEERING DNA 2D AND 3D CRYSTALS BY GEOMETRY, NOT SEQUENCE
Creators: name: Zhang, Cuizheng
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Analytical chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: This chapter introduces geometry as a means to program the tile-based DNA self-assembly in two dimensions. This strategy complements the sequence-focused programmable assembly. DNA crystal assembly critically relies on intermotif, sticky-end cohesion, which requires complementarity not only in sequence but also in geometry. For DNA motifs to assemble into 2D crystals, they must be associated with each other in the proper geometry and orientation to ensure that geometric hindrance does not prevent sticky ends from associating. For DNA motifs with exactly the same pair of sticky-end sequences, by adjusting the length (thus, helical twisting phase) of the motif branches, it is possible to program the assembly of these distinct motifs to either mix with one another, to self-sort and consequently separate from one another, or to be alternatingly arranged. We demonstrate the ability to program homogeneous crystals, DNA “alloy” crystals, and definable grain boundaries through self-assembly. We believe that the integration of this strategy and conventional sequence-focused assembly strategy could further expand the programming versatility of DNA self-assembly.
The Evolution of Ly-alpha Emitting Galaxies Between z = 2.1 and z = 3.1
Creators: name: Ciardullo, Robin
name: Gronwall, Caryl
name: Wolf, Christopher
name: McCathran, Emily
name: Bond, Nicholas A.
name: Gawiser, Eric
name: Guaita, Lucia
name: Feldmeier, John . J.
name: Treister, Ezequiel
name: Padilla, Nelson
name: Francke, Harold
name: Matkovic, Ana
name: Altmann, Martin
name: Herrera, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the results of a new, wide-field survey for z=3.1 Ly-alpha emission-line galaxies (LAEs) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDF-S). By using a nearly top-hat 5010 Angstrom filter and complementary broadband photometry from the MUSYC survey, we identify a complete sample of 141 objects with monochromatic fluxes brighter than 2.4E-17 ergs/cm^2/s and observers-frame equivalent widths greater than ~ 80 Angstroms (i.e., 20 Angstroms in the rest-frame of Ly-alpha). The bright-end of this dataset is dominated by x-ray sources and foreground objects with GALEX detections, but when these interlopers are removed, we are still left with a sample of 130 LAE candidates, 39 of which have spectroscopic confirmations. This sample overlaps the set of objects found in an earlier ECDF-S survey, but due to our filter's redder bandpass, it also includes 68 previously uncataloged sources. We confirm earlier measurements of the z=3.1 LAE emission-line luminosity function, and show that an apparent anti-correlation between equivalent width and continuum brightness is likely due to the effect of correlated errors in our heteroskedastic dataset. Finally, we compare the properties of z=3.1 LAEs to LAEs found at z=2.1. We show that in the ~1 Gyr after z~3, the LAE luminosity function evolved significantly, with L* fading by ~0.4 mag, the number density of sources with L > 1.5E42 ergs/s declining by ~50%, and the equivalent width scale-length contracting from 70^{+7}_{-5} Angstroms to 50^{+9}_{-6} Angstroms. When combined with literature results, our observations demonstrate that over the redshift range z~0 to z~4, LAEs contain less than ~10% of the star-formation rate density of the universe.
description: 39 pages, 12 figures, Accepted to ApJ
The relationship between perceived discrimination, intergenerational homogeneity and ethnic identity among Chinese and South Asians in Canada
Creators: name: Rai, Rajvir K.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to examine which ethnic groups resist assimilation i.e. maintain their own culture and which ethnic groups do not maintain their culture in Canada. Since Canada is a multicultural country and has an official multiculturalism policy, which supports that ethnic group should maintain their culture in Canada. It was hypothesized that ethnic groups with stronger intergenerational (language, religion, ethnic ancestry) homogeneity and stronger perception of discrimination will have stronger ethnic identity. Stronger ethnic identity will represent resistance to assimilate in the host country. Data from Ethnic Diversity Survey (2005) was used to examine two major ethnic groups South Asian and Chinese in Canada. Methods used for analysis were ANOVA and regression. Results show there is a relationship between perceived discrimination and strength of ethnic identity for the whole sample. Also, between the two ethnic groups, South Asians perceived discrimination and had a stronger ethnic identity as compared to Chinese. For the overall sample, a strong linear association was also found between perceived discrimination and intergenerational language, religion and ancestry homogeneity.
A tensor processing unit design for FPGA benchmarking
Creators: name: Kate, Sangramsinh
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: FPGA benchmarking
Tensor processing unit
Deep learning hardware design

description: The recent exposure of use of FPGAs for deep learning applications have opened a wide range of use cases for FPGAs. The scalability and programmability of FPGAs are essential to update the hardware to encompass the state-of-the-art network architectures with special purpose units to accelerate the computation. However, these accelerator designs vary according to different design structures and properties. It is essential to understand the efficient FPGA architecture for a specific type of workload. This thesis provides an academic version of Google’s tensor processing unit (TPU v2) design as a benchmark for FPGA architecture evaluation. The thesis provides a reference microarchitecture for TPU v2 core design. The thesis uses Verilog-to-Routing (VTR) tool, which is a widely used open-source academic FPGA architecture analysis and research tool to perform the analysis of benchmarks on different types of FPGA architecture.
A Comparison of German and Indian innovation pathways in the auto component industry
Creators: name: Kalogerakis, Katharina
name: Fischer, Luise
name: Tiwari, Rajnish
Publisher: name: Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute for Technology and Innovation Management
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: frugal innovation automotive
subject: innovation pathways
subject: path dependency
subject: automative
subject: auto-component industry
classificationCode: 330
subject: Wirtschaft

description: This paper is a part of a series of analyses conducted within a BMBF-funded research project to investigate potentials of frugal innovations for Germany. One of the objectives of this project has been to identify innovation pathways that foster frugal innovations. Since auto component suppliers based in India are known to contribute significantly to the development of “affordable and good quality” vehicles, it was considered useful to conduct comparative studies of the prevalent innovation pathways in Germany with those in India. This paper is based on our investigations of innovation pathways in Indian and German auto component industries and aims to provide a coherent comparative analysis. After discussing similarities and differences in Indian and German innovation pathways, a reference model for frugal innovation pathways is outlined. The results provide insights on how certain elements of frugal innovation pathways could be implemented in Germany in order to create solutions that are affordable, fulfil the requisite quality standards and avoid unnecessary usage (wastage) of resources. Altogether, exploratory connections are identified which provide impetus for further research and can be thought-provoking for relevant business, social and political stakeholders.
Recommendations for the integration of an occupational health and safety management system and an environmental management system
Creators: name: McAleer, Shannon L.
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: HD30.255 .M33 2001
subject: Environmental management
subject: Industrial hygiene
subject: Industrial management
subject: Petroleum industry and trade - Mangement

description: Bibliography: p. 164-173.
Portraits of emergent literacy: a Vygotskian perspective on how children become more conscious of using a repertoire of strategies as part of a 'learning community'
Creators: name: Meaney, Wanda Magdalena
Publisher: name: Education
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: LB1525 .M43 2001
subject: Literacy - Alberta - Case studies
subject: Language acquisition - Case studies
subject: Language arts (Primary) - Alberta - Case studies
subject: Reading (Primary) - Alberta - Case studies
subject: Sociolinguistics

description: Bibliography: p. 281-306
USB devices phoning home
Creators: name: Schilling, Roland
name: Steinmetz, Frieder
Publisher: name: BoD–Books on Demand
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: USB
subject: rogue chanel
subject: device behavior vs. user intent
classificationCode: 600
subject: Technik

description: USB is a versatile standard defining various features to allow maximum flexibility for evices. This flexibility, by design, leads to complex device configurations, combining multiple functions into one, making it impossible for users to identify the function of a device by its looks. This can be exploited by crafting programmable USB devices, looking and behaving like an ordinary flash drive that also expose virtual network devices and other functionality to their host OS. This paper outlines such a device, exploiting several USB features to establish a rogue HTTP channel used to leak data stored on the device’s disk to an internet back end. We describe the device itself and its architecture and our conclusions and methods for dealing with the issues presented in a user–friendly way.
Theory of quasi-spherical accretion in X-ray pulsars
Creators: name: Shakura, N.
name: Postnov, K.
name: Kochetkova, A.
name: Hjalmarsdotter, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical model for quasi-spherical subsonic accretion onto slowly rotating magnetized neutron stars is constructed. In this model the accreting matter subsonically settles down onto the rotating magnetosphere forming an extended quasi-static shell. This shell mediates the angular momentum removal from the rotating neutron star magnetosphere during spin-down episodes by large-scale convective motions. The accretion rate through the shell is determined by the ability of the plasma to enter the magnetosphere. The settling regime of accretion can be realized for moderate accretion rates $\dot M< \dot M_*\simeq 4\times 10^{16}$ g/s. At higher accretion rates a free-fall gap above the neutron star magnetosphere appears due to rapid Compton cooling, and accretion becomes highly non-stationary. From observations of the spin-up/spin-down rates (the angular rotation frequency derivative $\dot ω^*$, and $\partial\dotω^*/\partial\dot M$ near the torque reversal) of X-ray pulsars with known orbital periods, it is possible to determine the main dimensionless parameters of the model, as well as to estimate the magnetic field of the neutron star. We illustrate the model by determining these parameters for three wind-fed X-ray pulsars GX 301-2, Vela X-1, and GX 1+4. The model explains both the spin-up/spin-down of the pulsar frequency on large time-scales and the irregular short-term frequency fluctuations, which can correlate or anti-correlate with the X-ray flux fluctuations in different systems. It is shown that in real pulsars an almost iso-angular-momentum rotation law with $ω\sim 1/R^2$, due to strongly anisotropic radial turbulent motions sustained by large-scale convection, is preferred.
description: 48 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Model-Based Safe Reinforcement Learning with Time-Varying State and Control Constraints: An Application to Intelligent Vehicles
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinglong
name: Peng, Yaoqian
name: Luo, Biao
name: Pan, Wei
name: Xu, Xin
name: Xie, Haibin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, safe reinforcement learning (RL) with the actor-critic structure for continuous control tasks has received increasing attention. It is still challenging to learn a near-optimal control policy with safety and convergence guarantees. Also, few works have addressed the safe RL algorithm design under time-varying safety constraints. This paper proposes a safe RL algorithm for optimal control of nonlinear systems with time-varying state and control constraints. In the proposed approach, we construct a novel barrier force-based control policy structure to guarantee control safety. A multi-step policy evaluation mechanism is proposed to predict the policy's safety risk under time-varying safety constraints and guide the policy to update safely. Theoretical results on stability and robustness are proven. Also, the convergence of the actor-critic implementation is analyzed. The performance of the proposed algorithm outperforms several state-of-the-art RL algorithms in the simulated Safety Gym environment. Furthermore, the approach is applied to the integrated path following and collision avoidance problem for two real-world intelligent vehicles. A differential-drive vehicle and an Ackermann-drive one are used to verify offline deployment and online learning performance, respectively. Our approach shows an impressive sim-to-real transfer capability and a satisfactory online control performance in the experiment.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures
HelloWorld! An Instructive Case for the Transformation Tool Contest
Creators: name: Mazanek, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This case comprises several primitive tasks that can be solved straight away with most transformation tools. The aim is to cover the most important kinds of primitive operations on models, i.e. create, read, update and delete (CRUD). To this end, tasks such as a constant transformation, a model-to-text transformation, a very basic migration transformation or diverse simple queries or in-place operations on graphs have to be solved. The motivation for this case is that the results expectedly will be very instructive for beginners. Also, it is really hard to compare transformation languages along complex cases, because the complexity of the respective case might hide the basic language concepts and constructs.
description: In Proceedings TTC 2011, arXiv:1111.4407
Rational Krylov for nonlinear eigenproblems, an iterative projection method
Creators: name: Jarlebring, Elias
name: Voß, Heinrich
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: nonlinear eigenvalue problem
subject: rational Krylov
subject: Arnoldi
subject: projection method
classificationCode: 510
subject: Mathematik
subject: Nichtlineares Eigenwertproblem
subject: Projektionsverfahren
subject: Krylov-Verfahren
classificationCode: 65F50
subject: Sparse matrices
classificationCode: 65F15
subject: Eigenvalues, eigenvectors

description: In recent papers Ruhe [10], [12] suggested a rational Krylov method for nonlinear eigenproblems knitting together a secant method for linearizing the nonlinear problem and the Krylov method for the linearized problem. In this note we point out that the method can be understood as an iterative projection method. Similar to the Arnoldi method presented in [13], [14] the search space is expanded by the direction from residual inverse iteration. Numerical methods demonstrate that the rational Krylov method can be accelerated considerably by replacing an inner iteration by an explicit solver of projected problems.
Prestack depth imaging and velocity analysis for P-P and P-S data with nonstationary integral extrapolators
Creators: name: Mi, Yanpeng
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: AC1 .T484 2001 M53
subject: Seismic waves - Data processing
subject: Seismic waves - Mathematical models
subject: Seismic prospecting - Mathematical models

description: Bibliography: p. 174-187.