cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Crystallite Thickness Estimates from Precession Electron Diffraction Patterns for Structural Fingerprinting in the Quasi-kinematic Limit
Creators: name: Moeck, Peter
name: Straton, J.
name: Rouvimov, Sergei
name: Haeusler, I.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
A model for dynamical solvent control of molecular junction electronic properties
Creators: name: Gelin, Maxim F.
name: Kosov, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental measurements of electron transport properties of molecular junctions are often performed in solvents. Solvent-molecule coupling and physical properties of the solvent can be used as the external stimulus to control electric current through a molecule. In this paper, we propose a model, which includes dynamical effects of solvent-molecule interaction in the non-equilibrium Green's function calculations of electric current. The solvent is considered as a macroscopic dipole moment that reorients stochastically and interacts with the electrons tunnelling through the molecular junction. The Keldysh-Kadanoff-Baym equations for electronic Green's functions are solved in time-domain with subsequent averaging over random realisations of rotational variables using Furutsu-Novikov method for exact closure of infinite hierarchy of stochastic correlation functions. The developed theory requires the use of wide-band approximation as well as classical treatment of solvent degrees of freedom. The theory is applied to a model molecular junction. It is demonstrated that not only electrostatic interaction between molecular junction and solvent but also solvent viscosity can be used to control electrical properties of the junction. Aligning of the rotating dipole moment breaks particle-hole symmetry of the transmission favouring either hole or electron transport channels depending upon the aligning potential.
Synchronisation schemes for two dimensional discrete systems
Creators: name: Ambika, G
name: Ambika, K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider two models of two dimensional discrete systems subjected to three different types of coupling and analyse systematically the performance of each in realising synchronised states.We find that linear coupling effectively introduce control of chaos along with synchronisation,while synchronised chaotic states are possible with an additive parametric coupling scheme both being equally relevant for specific applications.The basin leading to synchronisationin the initial value plane and the choice of parameter values for synchronisation in the parameter plane are isolatedin each case.
description: 17 pages 8 figures. submitted to physica scripta
String Perturbation Theory on the Schwinger-Keldysh Time Contour
Creators: name: Horava, Petr
name: Mogni, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the large-$N$ expansion in the Schwinger-Keldysh formulation of non-equilibrium quantum systems with matrix degrees of freedom, and study universal features of the anticipated dual string theory. We find a rich refinement of the topological genus expansion: In the original formulation, the future time instant where the forward and backward branches of the Schwinger-Keldysh time contour meet is associated with its own worldsheet genus expansion. After the Keldysh rotation, the worldsheets decompose into a classical and quantum part.
description: 5 pages, a few figures; v2: references added; v3: references updated, small clarifying comments added. Final version accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett
Investigation of (Fe,Co)NbB-Based Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Alloys by Lorentz Microscopy and Off-Axis Electron Holography
Creators: name: Zheng, Changlin
name: Kirmse, Holm
name: Long, Jianguo
name: Laughlin, David
name: McHenry, Michael
name: Neumann, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: The relationship between microstructure and magnetic properties of a (Fe,Co)NbB-based nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy was investigated by analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microstructures of (Fe0.5Co0.5)80Nb4B13Ge2Cu1 nanocrystalline alloys annealed at different temperatures were characterized by TEM and electron diffraction. The magnetic structures were analyzed by Lorentz microscopy and off-axis electron holography, including quantitative measurement of domain wall width, induction, and in situ magnetic domain imaging. The results indicate that the magnetic domain structure and particularly the dynamical magnetization behavior of the alloys strongly depend on the microstructure of the nanocrystalline alloys. Smaller grain size and random orientation of the fine particles decrease the magneto-crystalline anisotropy and suggests better soft magnetic properties which may be explained by the anisotropy model of Herzer.
Exactly solvable model of quantum diffusion
Creators: name: Esposito, Massimiliano
name: Gaspard, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transport property of diffusion in a finite translationally invariant quantum subsystem described by a tight-binding Hamiltonian with a single energy band and interacting with its environment by a coupling in terms of correlation functions which are delta-correlated in space and time. For weak coupling, the time evolution of the subsystem density matrix is ruled by a quantum master equation of Lindblad type. Thanks to the invariance under spatial translations, we can apply the Bloch theorem to the subsystem density matrix and exactly diagonalize the time evolution superoperator to obtain the complete spectrum of its eigenvalues, which fully describe the relaxation to equilibrium. Above a critical coupling which is inversely proportional to the size of the subsystem, the spectrum at given wavenumber contains an isolated eigenvalue describing diffusion. The other eigenvalues rule the decay of the populations and quantum coherences with decay rates which are proportional to the intensity of the environmental noise. On the other hand, an analytical expression is obtained for the dispersion relation of diffusion. The diffusion coefficient is proportional to the square of the width of the energy band and inversely proportional to the intensity of the environmental noise because diffusion results from the perturbation of quantum tunneling by the environmental fluctuations in this model. Diffusion disappears below the critical coupling.
description: Submitted to J. Stat. Phys
Estimating the atmospheric mass loss of V1298 Tau's four young planets & the role of the host star in planet population studies
Creators: name: Ketzer, Laura
name: Poppenhaeger, Katja
name: Mallonn, Matthias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Young stars
Exoplanets

description: Kepler observations revealed two striking features in the distribution of exoplanet radii: a dearth of short period sub-Neptune-sized planets, and a relatively clean gap around 2 Earth radii. Atmospheric escape of planetary H/He envelopes driven by the high-energy X-ray and UV irradiation from the host star can explain the presence of the desert at short periods as well as the radius valley. The very young (~ 25 Myr) V1298 Tau system with its four Neptune- to Jupiter-sized planets is an excellent system to test planet formation and evolution models. To investigate the fate of the four planets, we obtained X-ray measurements of V1298 Tau with Chandra. We then calculated the future photoevaporative mass loss rates using PLATYPOS, an open-source tool to model the (energy-limited) atmospheric escape of planetary systems over several Giga years. We allowed for the host star to spin down at three different ages, which translates into a low, intermediate, and high activity stellar evolutionary track. Our findings show that in certain planetary mass and orbital distance regimes, the stellar high-energy evolution determines if a planet is stripped completely or can retain some fraction of its initial gaseous envelope.
description: {"references": ["Petigura, Erik (2020) - Two Views of the Radius Gap and the Role of Light Curve Fitting, 10.3847/1538-3881/ab9fff", "Tu, Lin et al. (2015) - The extreme ultraviolet and X-ray Sun in Time: High-energy evolutionary tracks of a solar-like star, 10.1051/0004-6361/201526146", "David, Trevor et al. (2019) - Four Newborn Planets Transiting the Young Solar Analog V1298 Tau, 10.3847/2041-8213/ab4c99", "Murray-Clay, Ruth et al. (2009) - Atmospheric Escape From Hot Jupiters, 10.1088/0004-637X/693/1/23", "Owen, James & Wu, Yanqin (2013) - Kepler Planets: A Tale of Evaporation, 10.1088/0004-637X/775/2/105"]}
Spectrally recycling space-time wave packets
Creators: name: Hall, Layton A.
name: Abouraddy, Ayman F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 'Space-time' (ST) wave packets are propagation-invariant pulsed optical beams that travel rigidly in linear media without diffraction or dispersion at a potentially arbitrary group velocity. These unique characteristics are a result of spatio-temporal spectral correlations introduced into the field; specifically, each spatial frequency is associated with a single temporal frequency (or wavelength). Consequently, the spatial and temporal bandwidths of ST wave packets are correlated, so that exploiting an optical source with a large temporal bandwidth or achieving an ultralow group velocity necessitate an exorbitantly large numerical aperture. Here we show that `spectral recycling' can help overcome these challenges. 'Recycling' or `reusing' each spatial frequency by associating it with multiple distinct but widely separated temporal frequencies allows one to circumvent the proportionality between the spatial and temporal bandwidths of ST wave packets, which has been one of their permanent characteristics since their inception. We demonstrate experimentally that the propagation invariance, maximum propagation distance, and group velocity of ST wave packets are unaffected by spectral recycling. We also synthesize a ST wave packet with group velocity c/14.3 (c is the speed of light in vacuum) with a reasonable numerical aperture made possible by spectral recycling.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Trends and correlates of discordant reporting of drug use among nightclub/festival attendees, 2019–2022
Creators: name: Palamar, Joseph J.
name: Salomone, Alberto
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: People who attend nightclubs and festivals are known for high prevalence of party drug use, but more research is needed on underreporting in this population, in part because unintentional drug exposure through adulterated drug products is common. We examined the prevalence of drug use in this population, based both on self-reporting and on hair test results, with a focus on the detection of underreported use. Adults entering nightclubs and festivals in New York City were asked about past-year drug use in 2019–2022 (n = 1,953), with 328 providing an analyzable hair sample for testing. We compared trends in self-reported drug use, drug positivity, and "corrected" prevalence, adjusting for unreported use, and delineated correlates of testing positive for ketamine and cocaine after not reporting use (discordant reporting). Of the 328 who provided a sample, cocaine and ketamine were the most frequently detected drugs (55.2% [n = 181] and 37.2% [n = 122], respectively), but these were also the two most underreported drugs, with 37.1% (n = 65) and 26.4% (n = 65), respectively, testing positive after not reporting use. Between 2019 and 2022, positivity decreased for cocaine, ketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-metamfetamine, and amfetamine, and underreported exposure to cocaine and ketamine also decreased (P < 0.05). Underreporting of the use of these drugs was common, but we also detected underreported exposure to ethylone, fentanyl, 3,4-methylenedioxyamfetamine, metamfetamine, and synthetic cannabinoids. Prevalence of discordant reporting of cocaine use was higher among those testing positive for ketamine exposure (adjusted prevalence ratio = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.48–4.69) and prevalence of discordant reporting of ketamine use was lower post-coronavirus disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16–0.91) and among those reporting cocaine use (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.32–0.89). Underreporting of drug use was common, suggesting the need for researchers to better deduce intentional underreporting versus unknown drug exposure via adulterants. Researchers should consider both self-report and toxicology results from biological samples when examining trends in use.
Fluid Clocks: Emergence of quantum theory from sub-quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Groessing, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that any operational measure of time is inseparably bound to the presence of a periodic process in some medium. Since, as first formulated by Einstein's (1905) equation for the energy, all "particles" (neutrons, electrons, photons, etc.) are each characterized by a specific "frequency", the inverse of this frequency is the smallest operational unit of time available in principle. With a corresponding "coarse graining" of an otherwise practically idealized, continuous time (i.e., with the latter then holding on time scales much larger than the coarse grained one), one can show that the basic features of quantum theory can be derived from a minimal set of assumptions. In particular, it is shown here how the Schroedinger equation can be derived from classical physics modified only by said assumption of a coarse grained time and the presence of so-called "zero-point fluctuations". The latter relate to the dynamics of a "fluid" vacuum, which is today known to be a far cry from just being "empty space". Consequently, it is shown that time and matter, when discussed from a physical point of view, must by necessity be considered in one common framework.
Dark energy constraints from quasar observations
Creators: name: Czerny, B.
name: Martínez-Aldama, M. L.
name: Wojtkowska, G.
name: Zajaček, M.
name: Marziani, P.
name: Dultzin, D.
name: Naddaf, M. H.
name: Panda, S.
name: Prince, R.
name: Przyluski, R.
name: Ralowski, M.
name: Śniegowska, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent measurements of the parameters of the Concordance Cosmology Model ($Λ$CDM) done in the low-redshift Universe with Supernovae Ia/Cepheids, and in the distant Universe done with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) imply different values for the Hubble constant (67.4 $\pm$ 0.5 km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ from Planck vs 74.03 $\pm$ 1.42 km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$, Riess et al. 2019). This Hubble constant tension implies that either the systematic errors are underestimated, or the $Λ$CDM does not represent well the observed expansion of the Universe. Since quasars - active galactic nuclei - can be observed in the nearby Universe up to redshift z $\sim$ 7.5, they are suitable to estimate the cosmological properties in a large redshift range. Our group develops two methods based on the observations of quasars in the late Universe up to redshift z$\sim $4.5, with the objective to determine the expansion rate of the Universe. These methods do not yet provide an independent measurement of the Hubble constant since they do not have firm absolute calibration but they allow to test the $Λ$CDM model, and so far no departures from this model were found.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the Proceedings of the 100 years of the Polish Physical Society Congress, 16-18 October 2020, Warsaw, Poland. http://info.ifpan.edu.pl/APP/
Non-galvanic calibration and operation of a quantum dot thermometer
Creators: name: Chawner, J. M. A.
name: Barraud, S.
name: Gonzalez-Zalba, M. F.
name: Holt, S.
name: Laird, E. A.
name: Pashkin, Yu. A.
name: Prance, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cryogenic quantum dot thermometer is calibrated and operated using only a single non-galvanic gate connection. The thermometer is probed with radio-frequency reflectometry and calibrated by fitting a physical model to the phase of the reflected radio-frequency signal taken at temperatures across a small range. Thermometry of the source and drain reservoirs of the dot is then performed by fitting the calibrated physical model to new phase data. The thermometer can operate at the transition between thermally broadened and lifetime broadened regimes, and outside the temperatures used in calibration. Electron thermometry was performed at temperatures between $3.0\,\mathrm{K}$ and $1.0\,\mathrm{K}$, in both a $1\,\mathrm{K}$ cryostat and a dilution refrigerator. The experimental setup allows fast electron temperature readout with a sensitivity of $4.0\pm0.3 \, \mathrm{mK}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$, at Kelvin temperatures. The non-galvanic calibration process gives a readout of physical parameters, such as the quantum dot lever arm. The demodulator used for reflectometry readout is readily available and very affordable.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, supplementary included
Multi-wavelength (radio, X-ray and gamma-ray) observations of the gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303
Creators: name: MAGIC Collaboration
name: Albert, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of the first multiwavelength observing campaign on the high-mass X-ray binary LS I +61 303 comprising observations at the TeV regime with the MAGIC telescope, along with X-ray observations with Chandra, and radio interferometric observations with the MERLIN, EVN and VLBA arrays, in October and November 2006. From our MERLIN observations, we can exclude the existence of large scale (~100 mas) persistent radio-jets. Our 5.0 GHz VLBA observations display morphological similarities to previous 8.4 GHz VLBA observations carried out at the same orbital phase, suggesting a high level of periodicity and stability of the processes behind the radio emission. This makes it unlikely that variability of the radio emission is due to the interaction of an outflow with variable wind clumps. If the radio emission is produced by a milliarcsecond scale jet, it should also show a stable, periodic behavior. It is then difficult to reconcile the absence of a large scale jet (~100 mas) in our observations with the evidence of a persistent relativistic jet reported previously. We find a possible hint of temporal correlation between the X-ray and TeV emissions and evidence for radio/TeV non-correlation, which points to the existence of one population of particles producing the radio emission and a different one producing the X-ray and TeV emissions. Finally, we present a quasi-simultaneous energy spectrum including radio, X-ray and TeV bands.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, Part 1; 8 pages, 7 figures
Analyzing the Galactic pulsar distribution with machine learning
Creators: name: Ronchi, Michele
name: Graber, Vanessa
name: Garcia-Garcia, Alberto
name: Pons, Jose A.
name: Rea, Nanda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibility of inferring the properties of the Galactic neutron star population through machine learning. In particular, in this paper we focus on their dynamical characteristics and show that an artificial neural network is able to estimate with high accuracy the parameters which control the current positions of a mock population of pulsars. For this purpose, we implement a simplified population-synthesis framework (where selection biases are neglected at this stage) and concentrate on the natal kick-velocity distribution and the distribution of birth distances from the Galactic plane. By varying these and evolving the pulsar trajectories in time, we generate a series of simulations that are used to train and validate a suitably structured convolutional neural network. We demonstrate that our network is able to recover the parameters governing the kick-velocity and Galactic height distribution with a mean relative error of about $10^{-2}$. We discuss the limitations of our idealized approach and study a toy problem to introduce selection effects in a phenomenological way by incorporating the observed proper motions of 216 isolated pulsars. Our analysis highlights that increasing the sample of pulsars with accurate proper motion measurements by a factor of $\sim$10, one of the future breakthroughs of the Square Kilometer Array, we might succeed in constraining the birth spatial and kick-velocity distribution of the neutron stars in the Milky Way with high precision through machine learning.
description: 34 pages, including 12 pages appendices, 15 figures, 5 tables
Quantum superradiance on static black hole space-times
Creators: name: Balakumar, Visakan
name: Bernar, Rafael P.
name: Crispino, Luis C. B.
name: Winstanley, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum analogue of the classical process of superradiance for a massless charged scalar field on a static charged black hole space-time. We show that an "in" vacuum state, which is devoid of particles at past null infinity, contains an outgoing flux of particles at future null infinity. This radiation is emitted in the superradiant modes only, and is nonthermal in nature.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, minor changes, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Gauge-invariant description of the Higgs resonance and its phenomenological implications
Creators: name: Maas, Axel
name: Sondenheimer, René
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phenomenological consequences of a strict gauge-invariant formulation of the Higgs particle. This requires a description of the observable scalar particle in terms of a bound state structure. Although this seems to be at odds with the common treatment of electroweak particle physics at first glance, the properties of the bound state can be described in a perturbative fashion due to the Fröhlich-Morchio-Strocchi (FMS) framework. In particular a relation between the bound-state Higgs and the elementary Higgs field is obtained within $R_ξ$ gauges such that the main quantitative properties of the conventional description reappear in leading order of the FMS expansion. Going beyond leading order, we show that the pole structure of the elementary and the bound-state propagator coincide to all orders in a perturbative expansion. However, slight deviations of scattering amplitudes containing off-shell Higgs contributions can be caused by the internal bound state structure. We perform a consistent perturbative treatment to all orders in the FMS expansion to quantify such deviations and demonstrate how gauge-invariant expressions arrange in a natural way at the one-loop level. This also provides a gauge-invariant Higgs spectral function which is not plagued by positivity violations or unphysical thresholds. Furthermore, the mass extracted from the gauge-invariant bound state is only logarithmically sensitive to the scale of new physics at one-loop order in contrast to its elementary counterpart.
description: 20 pages, 7 Figures, journal version matched
Logarithmic growth dynamics in software networks
Creators: name: Valverde, Sergi
name: Sole, Ricard V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a recent paper, Krapivsky and Redner (Phys. Rev. E, 71 (2005) 036118) proposed a new growing network model with new nodes being attached to a randomly selected node, as well to all ancestors of the target node. The model leads to a sparse graph with an average degree growing logarithmically with the system size. Here we present compeling evidence for software networks being the result of a similar class of growing dynamics. The predicted pattern of network growth, as well as the stationary in- and out-degree distributions are consistent with the model. Our results confirm the view of large-scale software topology being generated through duplication-rewiring mechanisms. Implications of these findings are outlined.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, published in Europhysics Letters (2005)
A numerical study on the dimension of an extremely inhomogeneous matter distribution
Creators: name: Chirenti, Cecilia B. M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed an algorithm that numericaly computes the dimension of an extremely inhomogeous matter distribution, given by a discrete hierarchical metric. With our results it is possible to analise how the dimension of the matter density tends to d = 3, as we consider larger samples.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
IFSS-Net: Interactive Few-Shot Siamese Network for Faster Muscle Segmentation and Propagation in Volumetric Ultrasound
Creators: name: Chanti, Dawood Al
name: Duque, Vanessa Gonzalez
name: Crouzier, Marion
name: Nordez, Antoine
name: Lacourpaille, Lilian
name: Mateus, Diana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an accurate, fast and efficient method for segmentation and muscle mask propagation in 3D freehand ultrasound data, towards accurate volume quantification. A deep Siamese 3D Encoder-Decoder network that captures the evolution of the muscle appearance and shape for contiguous slices is deployed. We uses it to propagate a reference mask annotated by a clinical expert. To handle longer changes of the muscle shape over the entire volume and to provide an accurate propagation, we devise a Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory module. Also, to train our model with a minimal amount of training samples, we propose a strategy combining learning from few annotated 2D ultrasound slices with sequential pseudo-labeling of the unannotated slices. We introduce a decremental update of the objective function to guide the model convergence in the absence of large amounts of annotated data. After training with a small number of volumes, the decremental update transitions from a weakly-supervised training to a few-shot setting. Finally, to handle the class-imbalance between foreground and background muscle pixels, we propose a parametric Tversky loss function that learns to adaptively penalize false positives and false negatives. We validate our approach for the segmentation, label propagation, and volume computation of the three low-limb muscles on a dataset of 61600 images from 44 subjects. We achieve a Dice score coefficient of over $95~\%$ and a volumetric error \textcolor{black}{of} $1.6035 \pm 0.587~\%$.
description: 14 pages, 18 figures, 10 Tables
СУЩНОСТЬ, ПРИНЦИПЫ И МЕТОДЫ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОГО ЗАНЯТИЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКИМИ УПРАЖНЕНИЯМИ.
Creators: name: Тожибоев Музаффар Маъруфович, Юнусова Дильдора Салохиддиновна
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Aннотaция: В статье рассматривается, что темп труда и обучения мире, увеличение психических нагрузок остро поставили вопросы о внедрении в повседневную жизнь людей физической культуры и спорта.
Visualizing Missing Surfaces In Colonoscopy Videos using Shared Latent Space Representations
Creators: name: Mathew, Shawn
name: Nadeem, Saad
name: Kaufman, Arie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optical colonoscopy (OC), the most prevalent colon cancer screening tool, has a high miss rate due to a number of factors, including the geometry of the colon (haustral fold and sharp bends occlusions), endoscopist inexperience or fatigue, endoscope field of view, etc. We present a framework to visualize the missed regions per-frame during the colonoscopy, and provides a workable clinical solution. Specifically, we make use of 3D reconstructed virtual colonoscopy (VC) data and the insight that VC and OC share the same underlying geometry but differ in color, texture and specular reflections, embedded in the OC domain. A lossy unpaired image-to-image translation model is introduced with enforced shared latent space for OC and VC. This shared latent space captures the geometric information while deferring the color, texture, and specular information creation to additional Gaussian noise input. This additional noise input can be utilized to generate one-to-many mappings from VC to OC and OC to OC. The code, data and trained models will be released via our Computational Endoscopy Platform at https://github.com/nadeemlab/CEP.
description: IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2021, **Shawn Mathew and Saad Nadeem contributed equally
A'ingae Field Materials
Creators: name: Aguinda, Shen
name: Criollo Chapal, Gabriel Rodrigo
name: Criollo Chapal, Guillermo Sergio
name: Criollo Jr., Jorge
name: Criollo Sr., Jorge
name: Criollo, Dora
name: Criollo, Mario
name: Lucitante, Edison
name: Lucitante, Hugo
name: Lucitante, Luciano
name: Narvaez, Erika
name: Quenamá Lucitante, Abrahan Geovany
name: Quenamá Lucitante, Graciela
name: Quenamá, Leidy
name: Quenamá, Victor
name: Umenda Quenamá, Marta Gladys
name: Umenda Shigirango, Rosalina
name: Umenda, Bautista
name: Umenda, Carlos
name: Umenda, Juan
name: Umenda, Ramón
name: Dabkowski, Maksymilian
name: Criollo, Lucy
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021

description: Traditional and contemporary narratives, with audio and video recordings as well as ELAN files (.eaf) with transcriptions and translations.
Properties of the density of shear transformations in driven amorphous solids
Creators: name: Ferrero, Ezequiel E.
name: Jagla, Eduardo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strain load $Δγ$ that triggers consecutive avalanches is a key observable in the slow deformation of amorphous solids. Its temporally averaged value $\langle Δγ\rangle$ displays a non-trivial system-size dependence that constitutes one of the distinguishing features of the yielding transition. Details of this dependence are not yet fully understood. We address this problem by means of theoretical analysis and simulations of elastoplastic models for amorphous solids. An accurate determination of the size dependence of $\langle Δγ\rangle$ leads to a precise evaluation of the steady-state distribution of local distances to instability $x$. We find that the usually assumed form $P(x)\sim x^θ$ (with $θ$ being the so-called pseudo-gap exponent) is not accurate at low $x$ and that in general $P(x)$ tends to a system-size-dependent \textit{finite} limit as $x\to 0$. We work out the consequences of this finite-size dependence standing on exact results for random-walks and disclosing an alternative interpretation of the mechanical noise felt by a reference site. We test our predictions in two- and three-dimensional elastoplastic models, showing the crucial influence of the saturation of $P(x)$ at small $x$ on the size dependence of $\langle Δγ\rangle$ and related scalings.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
The su(2|2) Dynamic S-Matrix
Creators: name: Beisert, Niklas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive and investigate the S-matrix for the su(2|3) dynamic spin chain and for planar N=4 super Yang-Mills. Due to the large amount of residual symmetry in the excitation picture, the S-matrix turns out to be fully constrained up to an overall phase. We carry on by diagonalising it and obtain Bethe equations for periodic states. This proves an earlier proposal for the asymptotic Bethe equations for the su(2|3) dynamic spin chain and for N=4 SYM.
description: 29 pages. v2: references added, minor corrections. v3: form of terms in table 1 improved, minor corrections, v4: missed to correct (D.3) in v3, footnote and reference added
Tellimagrandin-I and camptothin a exhibit chemopreventive effects in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains and human lymphocytes
Creators: name: Fernandes, Amanda Silva
name: de Melo Bisneto, Abel Vieira
name: Silva, Luana Santos
name: Bailão, Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso
name: Cardoso, Clever Gomes
name: Carneiro, Cristiene Costa
name: da Costa Santos, Suzana
name: Chen-Chen, Lee
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Tellimagrandin-I (TL) and camptothin A (CA) are ellagitannins widely found in diverse plant species. Numerous studies demonstrated their significant biological activities, which include antitumor, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. Despite this protective profile, the effects of TL and CA on DNA have not been comprehensively investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the mutagenic and antimutagenic effects attributed to TL and CA exposure on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains using the Ames test. In addition, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were examined on human lymphocytes, employing both trypan blue exclusion and CometChip assay. The antigenotoxic effect was determined following TL and CA exposure in the presence of co-treatment with doxorubicin (DXR). Our results from the Ames test indicated that TL or CA did not display marked mutagenic activity. However, TL or CA demonstrated an ability to protect DNA against the damaging effects of the mutagens 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and sodium azide, thereby exhibiting antimutagenic properties. In relation to human lymphocytes, TL or CA did not induce significant cytotoxic or genotoxic actions on these cells. Further, these ellagitannins exhibited an ability to protect DNA from damage induced by DOX during co-treatment, indicating their potential beneficial usefulness as antigenotoxic agents. In conclusion, the protective effects of TL or CA against mutagens, coupled with their absence of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on human lymphocytes, emphasize their potential therapeutic value in chemopreventive strategies.
Incoherent boundary conditions and metastates
Creators: name: van Enter, Aernout C. D.
name: Netočný, Karel
name: Schaap, Hendrikjan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B20, 82B44 (Primary) 60K35, 60F99 (Secondary)

description: In this contribution we discuss the role which incoherent boundary conditions can play in the study of phase transitions. This is a question of particular relevance for the analysis of disordered systems, and in particular of spin glasses. For the moment our mathematical results only apply to ferromagnetic models which have an exact symmetry between low-temperature phases. We give a survey of these results and discuss possibilities to extend them to some situations where many pure states can coexist. An idea of the proofs as well as the reformulation of our results in the language of Newman-Stein metastates are also presented.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/074921706000000176 in the IMS Lecture Notes--Monograph Series (http://www.imstat.org/publications/lecnotes.htm) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Superintegrability of Kontsevich matrix model
Creators: name: Mironov, A.
name: Morozov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many eigenvalue matrix models possess a peculiar basis of observables which have explicitly calculable averages. This explicit calculability is a stronger feature than ordinary integrability, just like the cases of quadratic and Coulomb potentials are distinguished among other central potentials, and we call it superintegrability. Aa a peculiarity of matrix models, the relevant basis is formed by the Schur polynomials (characters) and their generalizations, and superintegrability looks like a property $\,\sim character$. This is already known to happen in the most important cases of Hermitian, unitary, and complex matrix models. Here we add two more examples of principal importance, where the model depends on external fields: a special version of the complex model and the cubic Kontsevich model. In the former case, straightforward is a generalization to the complex tensor model. In the latter case, the relevant characters are the celebrated $Q$ Schur functions appearing in the description of spin Hurwitz numbers and other related contexts.
description: 13 pages
Efficiency analysis of reaction rate calculation methods using analytical models I: The 2D sharp barrier
Creators: name: van Erp, Titus S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the efficiency of different methods for the calculation of reaction rates in the case of two simple analytical benchmark systems. Two classes of methods are considered: the first are based on the free energy calculation along a reaction coordinate and the calculation of the transmission coefficient, the second on the sampling of dynamical pathways. We give scaling rules for how this efficiency depends on barrier height and width, and we hand out simple optimization rules for the method-specific parameters. We show that the path sampling methods, using the transition interface sampling technique, become exceedingly more efficient than the others when the reaction coordinate is not the optimal one.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Quantum Gauss Jordan Elimination
Creators: name: Diep, Do Ngoc
name: Giang, Do Hoang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we construct the Quantum GaußJordan Elimination (QGJE) Algorithm and estimate the complexity time of computation of Reduced Row Echelon Form (RREF) of an $N\times N$ matrix using QGJE procedure. The main theorem asserts that QGJE has computation time of order $2^{N/2}$.
Topological electric driving of magnetization dynamics in insulators
Creators: name: Xiao, Cong
name: Xiong, Bangguo
name: Niu, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Established forms of electromagnetic coupling are usually conservative (in insulators) or dissipative (in metals and semiconductors). Here we point out the possibility of nondissipative electric driving of magnetization dynamics, if the valence electronic states have nontrivial topology in the combined space of crystal momentum and magnetization configuration. We provide a hybrid insulator system to demonstrate that the topology-based nonconservative electrical generalized force is capable of supporting sustained magnetization motion in the presence of Gilbert damping, with quantized and steady energy pumping into magnetization motion from the electric field. We also generalize our results to magnetic textures, and discuss electric field induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction which can be nonconservative.
description: 5 pages 4 figures; revised version with more references that are aware of by us only recently
Evidence of low-dimensional chaos in magnetized plasma turbulence
Creators: name: Zivkovic, Tatjana
name: Rypdal, Kristoffer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze probe data obtained from a toroidal magnetized plasma configuration suitable for studies of low-frequency gradient-driven instabilities. These instabilities give rise to field-aligned convection rolls analogous to Rayleigh-Benard cells in neutral fluids, and may theoretically develop similar routes to chaos. When using mean-field dimension analysis, we observe low dimensionality, but this could originate from either low-dimensional chaos, periodicity or quasi-periodicity. Therefore, we apply recurrence plot analysis as well as estimation of the largest Lyapunov exponent. These analyses provide evidence of low-dimensional chaos, in agreement with theoretical predictions.
PHENIX results on heavy flavor yields at forward rapidity
Creators: name: Brooks, Melynda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: qm15
phenix
heavy flavor
forward-rapidity
fvtx
muon arms
p+p
p+au
d+au
J/Ψ
p+al
b-meson
dca

description: Talk presented at the Quark Matter 2015 conference
Second-order invariant domain preserving approximation of the compressible Navier--Stokes equations
Creators: name: Guermond, Jean-Luc
name: Maier, Matthias
name: Popov, Bojan
name: Tomas, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L65, 65M60, 65M12, 65N30

description: We present a fully discrete approximation technique for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations that is second-order accurate in time and space, semi-implicit, and guaranteed to be invariant domain preserving. The restriction on the time step is the standard hyperbolic CFL condition, ie $τ\lesssim \mathcal{O}(h)/V$ where $V$ is some reference velocity scale and $h$ the typical meshsize.
Magnetic Coupling Between Non-Magnetic Ions: Eu3+ in EuN and EuP
Creators: name: Johannes, M. D.
name: Pickett, W. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the electronic structure of, and magnetic exchange (spin) interactions between, nominally nonmagnetic Eu^3+ ions (4f^6, S=3, L=3, J=0) within the context of the rocksalt structure compounds EuN and EuP. Both compounds are ionic [Eu^3+; N^3- and P^3-] semimetals similar to isovalent GdN. Treating the spin polarization within the 4f shell, and then averaging consistent with the J=0 configuration, we estimate semimetallic band overlaps (Eu 5d with pnictide 2p or 3p) of ~0.1 eV (EuN) and ~1.0 eV (EuP) that increase (become more metallic) with pressure. The calculated bulk modulus is 130 (86) GPa for EuN (EuP). Exchange (spin-spin) coupling calculated from correlated band theory is small and ferromagnetic in sign for EuN, increasing in magnitude with pressure. Conversely, the exchange coupling is antiferromagnetic in sign for EuP and is larger in magnitude, but decreases with compression. Study of a two-site model with S_1*S_2 coupling within the J=0,1 spaces of each ion illustrates the dependence of the magnetic correlation functions on the model parameters, and indicates that the spin coupling is sufficient to alter the Van Vleck susceptibility. We outline a scenario of a spin-correlation transition in a lattice of S=3, L=3, J=0 nonmagnetic ions.
Genetic structure of Rhodeus sinensis reflects historical imprints of East Asian paleo-drainages
Creators: name: Jeon, Hyung-Bae
name: Suk, Ho Young
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology

description: A complete reconstruction of the history regarding the distribution of a species requires a separate analysis of the events before and after colonizing the current distribution. In a freshwater species, the historical pattern of linkages between water systems, as an event before colonization, can be determined by examining the phylogenetic relationship between the populations from different drainages. Given the insular nature of freshwater systems, on the other hand, intra-population genetic diversity is largely related to the effective sizes of the first colonizing populations and the habitat capacities. This study analyzed the genetic diversity and structure of Rhodeus sinensis, a freshwater acheilognathid inhabiting the southern and western parts of the Korean Peninsula using two mitochondrial and twenty microsatellite loci. Korean R. sinensis appears to have originated from mainland China along the paleo-Yellow river across the vast continental shelf of the Yellow Sea and first colonized the west coast of the Korean Peninsula, based on phylogenetic data obtained from mitochondrial loci. These west coast populations have remained relatively small, and populations that migrated south appear to have thrived in the southwestern part of the peninsula, where the populations thereby displayed relatively high genetic diversity. Southern populations appear to have been formed by the movement of relatively small numbers following geological fluctuations, which likely have left traces of genetic drift throughout history, as also reflected in our results. The population of this species on the southeast coast of the peninsula appears to have been established by anthropogenic translocation.