cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of Different Drying Methods on Nutrient Quality of the Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.)
Creators: name: Kröncke, Nina
name: Grebenteuch, Sandra
name: Keil, Claudia
name: Demtröder, Sebastian
name: Kroh, Lothar
name: Thünemann, Andreas F.
name: Benning, Rainer
name: Haase, Hajo
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: Tenebrio molitor L.
subject: freeze drying
subject: vacuum drying
subject: rack oven drying
subject: fatty acids
subject: volatile compounds
subject: zinc content
subject: bioaccessibility

description: Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) represents a sustainable source of proteins and fatty acids for feed and food. Industrial production of mealworms necessitates optimized processing techniques, where drying as the first postharvest procedure is of utmost importance for the quality of the final product. This study examines the nutritional quality of mealworm larvae processed by rack oven drying, vacuum drying or freeze drying, respectively. Proximate composition and fatty acid profile were comparable between the dried larvae. In contrast, larvae color impressions and volatile compound profiles were very much dependent on processing procedure. High-temperature rack oven drying caused pronounced darkening with rather low content of volatiles, pointing toward the progress of Maillard reaction. On the other hand, vacuum drying or freeze drying led to enrichment of volatile Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation intermediates, whose actual sensory relevance needs to be clarified in the future. Beyond sensory and visual importance drying intermediates have to be considered with regard to their metal ion chelating ability; in particular for essential trace elements such as Zn2+. This study found comparable total zinc contents for the differently dried mealworm samples. However, dried larvae, in particular after rack oven drying, had only low zinc accessibility, which was between 20% and 40%. Therefore, bioaccessibility rather than total zinc has to be considered when their contribution to meeting the nutritional requirements for zinc in humans and animals is evaluated.
Testing Screened Modified Gravity
Creators: name: Brax, Philippe
name: Casas, Santiago
name: Desmond, Harry
name: Elder, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long range scalar fields with a coupling to matter appear to violate known bounds on gravitation in the solar system and the laboratory. This is evaded thanks to screening mechanisms. In this short review, we shall present the various screening mechanisms from an effective field theory point of view. We then investigate how they can and will be tested in the laboratory and on astrophysical and cosmological scales.
description: Invited review published in Universe 8 (2021), 49 pages, 10 figures
Total variation-based reconstruction and phase retrieval for diffraction tomography
Creators: name: Beinert, Robert
name: Quellmalz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 42B05, 47J06, 65T50, 92C55

description: In optical diffraction tomography (ODT), the three-dimensional scattering potential of a microscopic object rotating around its center is recovered by a series of illuminations with coherent light. Reconstruction algorithms such as the filtered backpropagation require knowledge of the complex-valued wave at the measurement plane, whereas often only intensities, i.e., phaseless measurements, are available in practice. We propose a new reconstruction approach for ODT with unknown phase information based on three key ingredients. First, the light propagation is modeled using Born's approximation enabling us to use the Fourier diffraction theorem. Second, we stabilize the inversion of the non-uniform discrete Fourier transform via total variation regularization utilizing a primal-dual iteration, which also yields a novel numerical inversion formula for ODT with known phase. The third ingredient is a hybrid input-output scheme. We achieved convincing numerical results, which indicate that ODT with phaseless data is possible. The so-obtained 2D and 3D reconstructions are even comparable to the ones with known phase.
description: 30 pages, 13 figures
Commissioning, Calibration, and Performance of the Cherenkov Telescope on EUSO-SPB2
Creators: name: Matamala, Oscar Fernando Romero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube in the TeV-PeV energy range motivates the development of instruments for observing these particles at higher energies. Moreover, the detection of very-high-energy (VHE) neutrinos could potentially bring constraints on ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) source models. Tau neutrinos skimming the Earth under a shallow angle can be detected through the decay of a tau resulting in an extensive air shower (EAS) in the atmosphere. The EAS can be detected by capturing some of the optical Cherenkov signal originating from the EAS particles. To assess the feasibility of the Earth-skimming technique from high altitudes, we developed a Cherenkov telescope which was deployed on the Extreme Universe Space Observatory Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) from Wanaka, NZ, on May $13^{th}$. It is a precursor for the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics. The 1m diameter Cherenkov telescope for EUSO-SPB2 had a focal plane comprised of 512 silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) covering a 6.4 x 12.8 square degree field of view coupled to a 100 MS/s readout based on the GET switch capacitor ring sampler. We discuss the calibration and commissioning of the telescope and its in-flight performance.
description: submitted to ICRC 2023 Proceedings
On scale estimation under shifts in the mean
Creators: name: Axt, Ieva
name: Fried, Roland
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: change-point
subject: blocks
subject: estimation
subject: variance
subject: 310
subject: 330
subject: 620

description: In many situations it is crucial to estimate the variance properly. Ordinary variance estimators perform poorly in the presence of shifts in the mean. We investigate an approach based on non-overlapping blocks, which yields good results in this change-point scenario. We show the strong consistency and the asymptotic normality of such blocks-estimators of the variance under rather general conditions. For estimation of the standard deviation a blocks-estimator based on average standard deviations turns out to be preferable over the square root of the average variances. We provide recommendations on the appropriate choice of the block size and compare this blocks-approach with difference-based estimators. If level shifts occur rather frequently even better results can be obtained by adaptive trimming of the blocks under the assumption of normality.
description: Discussion Paper / SFB823;6/2019
On Negative Outcome Control of Unobserved Confounding as a Generalization of Difference-in-Differences
Creators: name: Richardson, David B.
name: Tchetgen Tchetgen, Eric J.
name: Sofer, Tamar
name: Schwartz, Joel
name: Colicino, Elena
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The difference-in-differences (DID) approach is a well known strategy for estimating the effect of an exposure in the presence of unobserved confounding. The approach is most commonly used when pre-and post-exposure outcome measurements are available, and one can assume that the association of the unobserved confounder with the outcome is equal in the two exposure groups, and constant over time. Then, one recovers the treatment effect by regressing the change in outcome over time on the exposure. In this paper, we interpret the difference-in-differences as a negative outcome control (NOC) approach. We show that the pre-exposure outcome is a negative control outcome, as it cannot be influenced by the subsequent exposure, and it is affected by both observed and unobserved confounders of the exposure-outcome association of interest. The relation between DID and NOC provides simple conditions under which negative control outcomes can be used to detect and correct for confounding bias. However, for general negative control outcomes, the DID-like assumption may be overly restrictive and rarely credible, because it requires that both the outcome of interest and the control outcome are measured on the same scale. Thus, we present a scale-invariant generalization of the DID that may be used in broader NOC contexts. The proposed approach is demonstrated in simulations and on a Normative Aging Study data set, in which Body Mass Index is used for NOC of the relationship between air pollution and inflammatory outcomes.
Designing heteroclinic and excitable networks in phase space using two populations of coupled cells
Creators: name: Ashwin, Peter
name: Postlethwaite, Claire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a constructive method for realizing an arbitrary directed graph (with no one-cycles) as a heteroclinic or an excitable dynamic network in the phase space of a system of coupled cells of two types. In each case, the system is expressed as a system of first order differential equations. One of the cell types (the $p$-cells) interacts by mutual inhibition and classifies which vertex (state) we are currently close to, while the other cell type (the $y$-cells) excites the $p$-cells selectively and becomes active only when there is a transition between vertices. We exhibit open sets of parameter values such that these dynamical networks exist and demonstrate via numerical simulation that they can be attractors for suitably chosen parameters.
Evolution of the brightest cluster galaxies: the influence of morphology, stellar mass and environment
Creators: name: Zhao, Dongyao
name: Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso
name: Conselice, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a sample of 425 nearby Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) from von der Linden et al. (2007), we study the relationship between their internal properties (stellar masses, structural parameters and morphologies) and their environment. More massive BCGs tend to inhabit denser regions and more massive clusters than lower mass BCGs. Furthermore, cDs, which are BCGs with particularly extended envelopes, seem to prefer marginally denser regions and tend to be hosted by more massive halos than elliptical BCGs. cD and elliptical BCGs show parallel positive correlations between their stellar masses and environmental densities. However, at a fixed environmental density, cDs are, on average, ~40% more massive. Our results, together with the findings of previous studies, suggest an evolutionary link between elliptical and cD BCGs. We suggest that most present-day cDs started their life as ellipticals, which subsequently grew in stellar mass and size due to mergers. In this process, the cD envelope developed. The large scatter in the stellar masses and sizes of the cDs reflects their different merger histories. The growth of the BCGs in mass and size seems to be linked to the hierarchical growth of the structures they inhabit: as the groups and clusters became denser and more massive, the BCGs at their centres also grew. This process is nearing completion since the majority (~60%) of the BCGs in the local Universe have cD morphology. However, the presence of galaxies with intermediate morphological classes (between ellipticals and cDs) suggests that the growth and morphological transformation of some BCGs is still ongoing.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Euclid Asteroseismology and Kuiper Belt Objects
Creators: name: Gould, A.
name: Huber, D.
name: Stello, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Euclid, which is primarily a dark-energy/cosmology mission, may have a microlensing component, consisting of perhaps four dedicated one-month campaigns aimed at the Galactic bulge. We show that such a program would yield excellent auxilliary science, including asteroseimology detections for about 100,000 giant stars, and detection of about 1000 Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs), down to 2--2.5 mag below the observed break in the KBO luminosity function at I ~26. For the 400 KBOs below the break, Euclid will measure accurate orbits, with fractional period errors
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, submitted to JKAS
Time-dependent many-variable variational Monte Carlo method for nonequilibrium strongly correlated electron systems
Creators: name: Ido, Kota
name: Ohgoe, Takahiro
name: Imada, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a time-dependent variational Monte Carlo (t-VMC) method for quantum dynamics of strongly correlated electrons. The t-VMC method has been recently applied to bosonic systems and quantum spin systems. Here, we propose a time-dependent trial wave function with many variational parameters, which is suitable for nonequilibrium strongly correlated electron systems. As the trial state, we adopt the generalized pair-product wave function with correlation factors and quantum-number projections. This trial wave function has been proven to accurately describe ground states of strongly correlated electron systems. To show the accuracy and efficiency of our trial wave function in nonequilibrium states as well, we present our benchmark results for relaxation dynamics during and after interaction quench protocols of fermionic Hubbard models. We find that our trial wave function well reproduces the exact results for the time evolution of physical quantities such as energy, momentum distribution, spin structure factor, and superconducting correlations. These results show that the t-VMC with our trial wave function offers an efficient and accurate way to study challenging problems of nonequilibrium dynamics in strongly correlated electron systems.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
High-temperature expansion for interacting fermions
Creators: name: Sun, Mingyuan
name: Leyronas, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general method for the high-temperature expansion of the self-energy of interacting particles. Though the method is valid for fermions and bosons, we illustrate it for spin one half fermions interacting via a zero range potential, in the Bose Einstein Condensate - Bardeen Cooper Schrieffer (BEC-BCS) crossover. The small parameter of the expansion is the fugacity z. Our results include terms of order z and z^2, which take into account respectively two and three body correlations. We give results for the high temperature expansion of Tan's contact at order z^3 in the whole BEC-BCS crossover. We apply our method to calculate the spectral function at the unitary limit. We find new structures which were overlooked by previous approaches, which included only two body correlations. This shows that including three-body correlations can play an important role in the structures of the spectral function.
description: 17 figures; revised version
Nonparametric Bayes modeling with sample survey weights
Creators: name: Halpern,
name: Dunson,
name: Kunihama,
name: Herring,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: In population studies, it is standard to sample data via designs in which the population is divided into strata, with the different strata assigned different probabilities of inclusion. Although there have been some proposals for including sample survey weights into Bayesian analyses, existing methods require complex models or ignore the stratified design underlying the survey weights. We propose a simple approach based on modeling the distribution of the selected sample as a mixture, with the mixture weights appropriately adjusted, while accounting for uncertainty in the adjustment. We focus for simplicity on Dirichlet process mixtures but the proposed approach can be applied more broadly. We sketch a simple Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for computation, and assess the approach via simulations and an application.
Green synthesis of Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles: study of their structural, optical, thermal and antibacterial properties
Creators: name: Sampath, Shobana
name: Bhushan, Mayank
name: Saxena, Varun
name: Pandey, Lalit M.
name: Singh, L. Robindro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Currently, different physical and chemical methods are being used for the synthesis of nanomaterials, which has associated critical issues like environmental toxicity and cost-effectiveness. This requires to be addressed by adopting an alternate approach. This article reports the synthesis and characterisation of undoped and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles for antibacterial applications. The nanoparticles were synthesised via a green synthesis approach using leaf extracts of three different plants, namely, Azadirachta indica, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Ocimum tenuiflorum. The biosynthesised ZnO:Ag nanoparticles were characterised by XRD, TEM, FESEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR and DSC-TGA. The antibacterial activity of the synthesised samples was tested against Enterococcus hirae (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria at 100 µl (0.5 mg/mL) concentrations using the disc diffusion method. Comparatively, ZnO:Ag nanoparticles have shown enhanced antibacterial activity against both E. coli and E. hirae with respect to pure ZnO nanoparticles, which were found to be better than commercial antibiotic kanamycin.
Parallel Quantum Chemistry on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Schade, Robert
name: Bauer, Carsten
name: Tamoev, Konstantin
name: Mazur, Lukas
name: Plessl, Christian
name: Kühne, Thomas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel parallel hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for the solution of the quantum-chemical ground-state energy problem on gate-based quantum computers is presented. This approach is based on the reduced density-matrix functional theory (RDMFT) formulation of the electronic structure problem. For that purpose, the density-matrix functional of the full system is decomposed into an indirectly coupled sum of density-matrix functionals for all its subsystems using the adaptive cluster approximation to RDMFT. The approximations involved in the decomposition and the adaptive cluster approximation itself can be systematically converged to the exact result. The solutions for the density-matrix functionals of the effective subsystems involves a constrained minimization over many-particle states that are approximated by parametrized trial states on the quantum computer similarly to the variational quantum eigensolver. The independence of the density-matrix functionals of the effective subsystems introduces a new level of parallelization and allows for the computational treatment of much larger molecules on a quantum computer with a given qubit count. In addition, for the proposed algorithm techniques are presented to reduce the qubit count, the number of quantum programs, as well as its depth. The new approach is demonstrated for Hubbard-like systems on IBM quantum computers based on superconducting transmon qubits.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, 1 table
High Efficiency, Multi-Terawatt X-ray free electron lasers
Creators: name: Emma, Claudio
name: Fang, Kun
name: Wu, Juhao
name: Pellegrini, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study high efficiency, multi-terawatt peak power, few angstrom wavelength, X-ray Free Electron Lasers (X-ray FELs). To obtain these characteristics we consider an optimized undulator design: superconducting, helical, with short period and built-in strong focusing. This design reduces the length of the breaks between modules, decreasing diffraction effects, and allows using a stronger transverse electron focusing. Both effects reduce the gain length and the overall undulator length. The peak power and efficiency depend on the transverse electron beam distribution and on time dependent effects, like synchrotron sideband growth. The last effect is identified as the main cause for reduction of electron beam microbunching and FEL peak power. We show that the optimal functional form for the undulator magnetic field tapering profile, yielding the maximum output power, depends significantly on these effects. The output power achieved when neglecting time dependent effects for an LCLS-like X-ray FEL with a 100 m long tapered undulator is 7.3 TW, a 14 $\%$ electron beam energy extraction efficiency. When these effects are included the highest peak power is achieved reducing the tapering rate, thus minimizing the reduction in electron micro-bunching due to synchrotron sideband growth. The maximum efficiency obtained for this case is 9 $\%$, corresponding to 4.7 TW peak radiation power. Possible methods to suppress the synchrotron sidebands, and further enhance the FEL peak power, up to about 6 TW by increasing the seed power, are discussed.
NanoWorkshop 2018: Workshop on Reference Nanomaterials
Creators: name: Bosse, Harald
name: Buhr, Egbert
name: Dziomba, Thorsten
name: Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan
name: Klein, Tobias
name: Krumrey, Michael
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2019
Subjects: Reference Nanomaterials
Nanometrology
Standardization
Nanoparticle Characterization
Comparability of Measurement Results
Nanomaterial Properties

description: PTB-Bericht F-61
Facile synthesis of bimetallic CuFe2O4 based ternary hybrid composites for supercapacitor electrodes and optimization of weight ratio of the individuals on the basis of their electrochemical performances
Creators: name: Das, Tapas
name: Verma, Bhawna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Electrochemical characterisations like cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are performed to find out the best ratio of aniline, acetylene black, and copper ferrite. Polyaniline-acetylene black-CuFe2O4 (PACF1) based two-electrode cell having the weight ratio of 4:1:2 had the highest specific capacitance of 279.48 F/g at 1 mA. It exhibits the highest coulombic efficiency value of 99.5%. PACF1 offers the maximum specific energy and specific power values of 38.81 Wh/kg and 125 W/kg, respectively, at a current of 1 mA. So, PACF1 holds the best weight ratio of aniline, acetylene black, and copper ferrite, i.e. 4:1:2. It exhibits a reasonably low charge transfer resistance of 1.7 Ω. It also has quite good capacitance retention of 85% after 6000 cycles.
Spin waves in spin hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Ambrus, Victor E.
name: Ryblewski, Radoslaw
name: Singh, Rajeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation properties of spin degrees of freedom are analyzed in the framework of relativistic hydrodynamics with spin based on the de Groot--van Leeuwen--van Weert definitions of the energy-momentum and spin tensors. We derive the analytical expression for the spin wave velocity for arbitrary statistics and show that it goes to half the speed of light in the ultra-relativistic limit. We find that only the transverse degrees of freedom propagate, analogously to electromagnetic waves. Finally, we consider the effect of dissipative corrections and calculate the damping coefficients for the case of Maxwell-Jüttner statistics.
description: 11 pages; 3 captioned figures; published version
Jaagichlorella africana Darienko & Proschold 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Darienko, Tatyana
name: Pröschold, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Chlorophyta
Trebouxiophyceae
Oocystales
Oocystaceae
Jaagichlorella
Jaagichlorella africana

description: Jaagichlorella africana Darienko & Pröschold sp. nov. (Fig. 4J–T)
 Description: Young cells are spherical (5.5–6.4 μm in diameter) or slightly ovoid to irregular (6.4 x 5.5 μm in size). Cell wall by young cells is relative thick. Chloroplast cup-shaped to saucer-shaped, covers 2/3 of the cell with a single, distinct pyrenoid surrounded by several starch grains. Mature vegetative cells are mostly spherical, 7.3–9.1 μm, sometimes 11.8 μm in size. Cell wall is relative thick. Chloroplast deep cup-shaped, often with small incisions or wavy margins, in the bottom part sometimes slightly removed from the cell wall. Chloroplast thick, with dark-green color, which covers 2/3 or more of the cell. The single pyrenoid is distinct surrounded by many starch grains. Numerous, small vacuoles and inclusions are present. Old cells often have a reduced chloroplast, which is only slightly removed from the cell wall.
Reproduction is by 2-4-8 unequal autospores. Autospores have a saucer-shaped or band-shaped chloroplast with a visible pyrenoid. Liberation of spores by rupture of the sporangial cell wall. Remains of the sporangial cell wall are usually bag-shaped. Often one autospore remains in the cell wall and develops to a mature cell or a new sporangium. Autosporangia are spherical or often irregular, 9.1–11.8 μm, sometimes up to 15.5 μm in size. Large autospores between 6.4–11.8 μm, small autospores 3.7–5.4 μm in size. SSU and ITS rDNA sequences (GenBank: MH780938) and ITS-2 Barcode BC- 2 in Fig. 3.
 Type locality: Lithophytic on the surface of a concrete wall, Namibia.
 Holotype (designated here): The authentic strain SAG 2213 is cryopreserved in a metabolic inactive state at the Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, Germany.
 Iconotype (designated here to support the holotype): Fig. 4J in this study.
 Etymology: The species epithet indicates the origin of this species.
description: Published as part of Darienko, Tatyana & Pröschold, Thomas, 2019, The genus Jaagichlorella Reisigl (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) and its close relatives: an evolutionary puzzle, pp. 47-68 in Phytotaxa 388 (1) on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.388.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13725500
Mono-Z': searches for dark matter in events with a resonance and missing transverse energy
Creators: name: Autran, Marcelo
name: Bauer, Kevin
name: Lin, Tongyan
name: Whiteson, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the potential dark matter implications of LHC events with missing transverse momentum and a resonance, such as a Z', decaying to a pair of jets or leptons. This final state contains significant discovery potential, but has not yet been examined in detail by the LHC experiments. We introduce models of Z' production in association with dark matter particles, propose reconstruction and selection strategies, and estimate the sensitivity of the current LHC dataset.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Mamadu Jamal Experiment - Agricultural Solid Wastes - Causes, Effects, and Effective Management.pdf
Creators: name: Mado, Midu
name: abed, sayed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fermentation
Agricultural biotechnology not elsewhere classified

description: It is hard to overstate the importance of the agriculture sector for both human and economic growth. The growing need to feed the world's population has raised awareness of the need to enhance agricultural productivity. It's interesting to note that practically all agricultural operations produce wastes, which are produced in enormous amounts in many nations. However, treating these wastes might cause significant financial loss and pose a substantial risk to human health due to environmental contamination. Many poor nations where significant amounts of these wastes are produced lack adequate waste management practices since little is understood about the possible dangers and benefits of doing so. There are studies that discuss some of the difficulties with managing agricultural solid wastes and offer recommendations.
Deep Graph Learning for Spatially-Varying Indoor Lighting Prediction
Creators: name: Bai, Jiayang
name: Guo, Jie
name: Wan, Chenchen
name: Chen, Zhenyu
name: He, Zhen
name: Yang, Shan
name: Yu, Piaopiao
name: Zhang, Yan
name: Guo, Yanwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lighting prediction from a single image is becoming increasingly important in many vision and augmented reality (AR) applications in which shading and shadow consistency between virtual and real objects should be guaranteed. However, this is a notoriously ill-posed problem, especially for indoor scenarios, because of the complexity of indoor luminaires and the limited information involved in 2D images. In this paper, we propose a graph learning-based framework for indoor lighting estimation. At its core is a new lighting model (dubbed DSGLight) based on depth-augmented Spherical Gaussians (SG) and a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) that infers the new lighting representation from a single LDR image of limited field-of-view. Our lighting model builds 128 evenly distributed SGs over the indoor panorama, where each SG encoding the lighting and the depth around that node. The proposed GCN then learns the mapping from the input image to DSGLight. Compared with existing lighting models, our DSGLight encodes both direct lighting and indirect environmental lighting more faithfully and compactly. It also makes network training and inference more stable. The estimated depth distribution enables temporally stable shading and shadows under spatially-varying lighting. Through thorough experiments, we show that our method obviously outperforms existing methods both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Recompilation-enhanced simulation of electron-phonon dynamics on IBM Quantum computers
Creators: name: Jaderberg, Ben
name: Eisfeld, Alexander
name: Jaksch, Dieter
name: Mostame, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating quantum systems is believed to be one of the first applications for which quantum computers may demonstrate a useful advantage. For many problems in physics, we are interested in studying the evolution of the electron-phonon Hamiltonian, for which efficient digital quantum computing schemes exist. Yet to date, no accurate simulation of this system has been produced on real quantum hardware. In this work, we consider the absolute resource cost for gate-based quantum simulation of small electron-phonon systems as dictated by the number of Trotter steps and bosonic energy levels necessary for the convergence of dynamics. We then apply these findings to perform experiments on IBM quantum hardware for both weak and strong electron-phonon coupling. Despite significant device noise, through the use of approximate circuit recompilation we obtain electron-phonon dynamics on current quantum computers comparable to exact diagonalisation. Our results represent a significant step in utilising near term quantum computers for simulation of quantum dynamics and highlight the novelty of approximate circuit recompilation as a tool for reducing noise.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures. Published version with new Appendix F
The intertwined physics of active chemical reactions and phase separation
Creators: name: Zwicker, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase separation is the thermodynamic process that explains how droplets form in multicomponent fluids. These droplets can provide controlled compartments to localize chemical reactions, and reactions can also affect the droplets' dynamics. This review focuses on the tight interplay between phase separation and chemical reactions originating from thermodynamic constraints. In particular, simple mass action kinetics cannot describe chemical reactions since phase separation requires non-ideal fluids. Instead, thermodynamics implies that passive chemical reactions reduce the complexity of phase diagrams and provide only limited control over the system's behavior. However, driven chemical reactions, which use external energy input to create spatial fluxes, can circumvent thermodynamic constraints. Such active systems can suppress the typical droplet coarsening, control droplet size, and localize droplets. This review provides an extensible framework for describing active chemical reactions in phase separating systems, which forms a basis for improving control in technical applications and understanding self-organized structures in biological cells.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, review
Continuous quantum clock with high precision and long recurrence time
Creators: name: Ramezani, Mehdi
name: Nikaeen, Morteza
name: Bahrampour, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuous clocks, i.e. the clocks that measure time in a continuous manner, are regarded as an essential component of sensing technology. Precision and recurrence time are two basic features of continuous clocks. In this paper, in the framework of quantum estimation theory various models for continuous quantum clocks are proposed, where all tools of quantum estimation theory are employed to seek the characteristics of clocks with high precision and long recurrence time. Then, in a resource-based approach, the performance of the proposed models is compared. It is shown that quantum clocks based on $n$ two-qubits system not only can have better precision than quantum clocks based on $2n$ one-qubit system but also support long recurrence time. Finally, it is shown that while employing the number of $n$ entangled qubits improves the precision of clocks by a factor of $1/\sqrt n $, it inevitably worsens the recurrence time of the clock.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Jaagichlorella roystonensis var. epilithica Darienko & Proschold 2019, var. nov.
Creators: name: Darienko, Tatyana
name: Pröschold, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Chlorophyta
Trebouxiophyceae
Oocystales
Oocystaceae
Jaagichlorella
Jaagichlorella roystonensis
Jaagichlorella roystonensis var. epilithica darienko & pröschold

description: Jaagichlorella roystonensis var. epilithica Darienko & Pröschold var. nov. (Fig. 5A–H)
 Description: Young cells are spherical or sometimes irregular with relative thick cell wall, 6.4–7.3 μm in size. Chloroplast by young cells saucer-shaped, covers a little bit more than a half of the cell; with a single pyrenoid surrounded by many starch grains.
Mature vegetative cells are spherical 9.1–10.0 μm, sometimes 11.8 μm in diameter, with cup-shaped chloroplast, sometimes slightly removed from the cell wall in the bottom part of the cell and occupied the middle position of the cell; chloroplast relatively thick, green or yellowish-green. Cells with numerous, colorless vacuoles. Old cells are spherical, 10.9–13.6 μm in size, sometimes up to 17,3 μm, with reduced small chloroplast, cells contain several vacuoles and fill around 1/3 of the cell.
Reproduction is by 2-4-8 unequal autospores. Autosporangia are spherical or very often irregular, (8.2)–9.1–10.0 μm, sometimes they can reach 16.4–20.9 μm. Large autospores 6.4–7.3 μm, (up to 10.0 μm), small autospores 3.7–5.4 μm in size. SSU and ITS rDNA sequences (GenBank: MH780940) and ITS-2 Barcode BC-3a in Fig. 3.
 Type locality: Lithophytic on rocks in Germany.
 Holotype (designated here): The authentic strain SAG 2133 is cryopreserved in a metabolic inactive state at the Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, Germany.
 Iconotype (designated here to support the holotype): Fig. 5C in this study.
 Etymology: The epithet of this variety indicates its epilithic life style.
 Comment: Differs from the type variety by ecology and differences in the variable regions of SSU and ITS rDNA sequences.
description: Published as part of Darienko, Tatyana & Pröschold, Thomas, 2019, The genus Jaagichlorella Reisigl (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) and its close relatives: an evolutionary puzzle, pp. 47-68 in Phytotaxa 388 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.388.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13725500
Magnetoresistance control in granular Zn/1-x-y/Cd/x/Mn/y/GeAs/2/ nanocomposite ferromagnetic semiconductors
Creators: name: Kilanski, L.
name: Fedorchenko, I. V.
name: Górska, M.
name: Ślawska-Waniewska, A.
name: Nedelko, N.
name: Podgórni, A.
name: Avdonin, A.
name: Lahderanta, E.
name: Dobrowolski, W.
name: Aronov, A. N.
name: Marenkin, S. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present studies of structural, magnetic and electrical properties of Zn/1-x-y/Cd/x/Mn/y/GeAs/2/ nanocomposite ferromagnetic semiconductor samples with changeable chemical composition. The presence of MnAs clusters induces in the studied alloy room temperature ferromagnetism with the Curie temperature, TC, around 305 K. The chemical composition of the chalcopyrite matrix controls the geometrical parameters of the clusters inducing different magnetoresistance effects in the crystals. The presence of ferromagnetic clusters in the alloy induces either negative or positive magnetoresistance with different values. The Cd-content allows a change of magnetoresistance sign in our samples from negative (for x = 0.85) to positive (for x = 0.12). The negative magnetoresistance present in the samples with x = 0.85 is observed at temperatures T < 25 K with maximum values of about -32% at T = 1.4 K and B = 13 T, strongly depending on the Mn content, y. The positive magnetoresistance present in the samples with x = 0.12 is observed with maximum values not exceeding 50% at B =13 T and T = 4.3 K, changing with the Mn content, y.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Strongly broken Peccei-Quinn symmetry in the early Universe
Creators: name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
name: Yamada, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider QCD axion models where the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is badly broken by a larger amount in the past than in the present, in order to avoid the axion isocurvature problem. Specifically we study supersymmetric axion models where the Peccei-Quinn symmetry is dynamically broken by either hidden gauge interactions or the $SU(3)_c$ strong interactions whose dynamical scales are temporarily enhanced by the dynamics of flat directions. The former scenario predicts a large amount of self-interacting dark radiation as the hidden gauge symmetry is weakly coupled in the present Universe. We also show that the observed amount of baryon asymmetry can be generated by the QCD axion dynamics via spontaneous baryogenesis. We briefly comment on the case in which the PQ symmetry is broken by a non-minimal coupling to gravity.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure, v2: final revision with minor corrections, matches the version published in JCAP
Integer Factorization with Compositional Distributed Representations
Creators: name: Kleyko, Denis
name: Bybee, Connor
name: Kymn, Christopher J.
name: Olshausen, Bruno A.
name: Khosrowshahi, Amir
name: Nikonov, Dmitri E.
name: Sommer, Friedrich T.
name: Frady, E. Paxon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present an approach to integer factorization using distributed representations formed with Vector Symbolic Architectures. The approach formulates integer factorization in a manner such that it can be solved using neural networks and potentially implemented on parallel neuromorphic hardware. We introduce a method for encoding numbers in distributed vector spaces and explain how the resonator network can solve the integer factorization problem. We evaluate the approach on factorization of semiprimes by measuring the factorization accuracy versus the scale of the problem. We also demonstrate how the proposed approach generalizes beyond the factorization of semiprimes; in principle, it can be used for factorization of any composite number. This work demonstrates how a well-known combinatorial search problem may be formulated and solved within the framework of Vector Symbolic Architectures, and it opens the door to solving similarly difficult problems in other domains.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Global Constraints on Yukawa Operators in the Standard Model Effective Theory
Creators: name: Brod, Joachim
name: Cornell, Jonathan M.
name: Skodras, Dimitrios
name: Stamou, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CP-violating contributions to Higgs--fermion couplings are absent in the standard model of particle physics (SM), but are motivated by models of electroweak baryogenesis. Here, we employ the framework of the SM effective theory (SMEFT) to parameterise deviations from SM Yukawa couplings. We present the leading contributions of the relevant operators to the fermionic electric dipole moments (EDMs). We obtain constraints on the SMEFT Wilson coefficients from the combination of LHC data and experimental bounds on the electron, neutron, and mercury EDMs, and for the first time, we perform a combined fit to LHC and EDM data allowing the presence of CP-violating contributions from several fermion species simultaneously. Among other results, we find non-trivial correlations between EDM and LHC constraints even in the multi-parameter scans, for instance, when floating the CP-even and CP-odd couplings to all third-generation fermions.
description: 38 pages, 12 figures
Supplementary Material: Tracking and Cumulative Lifetime Exposure to IGF-I in 6,459 Healthy Individuals and in SGA Children Treated with GH
Creators: name: Kjaer, Anna Sophie Lebech
name: Beck Jensen, Rikke
name: Petersen, Jørgen Holm
name: Linneberg, Allan
name: Kårhus, Line Lund
name: Scheutz Henriksen, Louise
name: Johannsen, Trine Holm
name: Main, Katharina M.
name: Hoffman, Andrew R
name: Juul, Anders
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine

description: Supplementary Material for the following publication:
 Kjaer ASL, Jensen RB, Petersen JH, Linneberg A, Kårhus LL, Henriksen LS, Johannsen TH, Main KM, Hoffman AR, Juul A. Tracking and Cumulative Lifetime Exposure to IGF-I in 6,459 Healthy Individuals and in SGA Children Treated with GH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Oct 17:dgac605. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac605. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36250350.
Coupling an ensemble of electrons on superfluid helium to a superconducting circuit
Creators: name: Yang, Ge
name: Fragner, A.
name: Koolstra, G.
name: Ocola, L.
name: Czaplewski, D. A.
name: Schoelkopf, R. J.
name: Schuster, D. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantized lateral motional states and the spin states of electrons trapped on the surface of superfluid helium have been proposed as basic building blocks of a scalable quantum computer. Circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) allows strong dipole coupling between electrons and a high-Q superconducting microwave resonator, enabling such sensitive detection and manipulation of electron degrees of freedom. Here we present the first realization of a hybrid circuit in which a large number of electrons are trapped on the surface of superfluid helium inside a coplanar waveguide resonator. The high finesse of the resonator allows us to observe large dispersive shifts that are many times the linewidth and make fast and sensitive measurements on the collective vibrational modes of the electron ensemble, as well as the superfluid helium film underneath. Furthermore, a large ensemble coupling is observed in the dispersive regime during experiment, and it shows excellent agreement with our numeric model. The coupling strength of the ensemble to the cavity is found to be >1 MHz per electron, indicating the feasibility of achieving single electron strong coupling.
description: main text 5 pages, 4 figures, supplemental information includes 14 pages, 11 figures
A practical parametrization for line shapes of near-threshold states
Creators: name: Hanhart, C.
name: Kalashnikova, Yu. S.
name: Matuschek, P.
name: Mizuk, R. V.
name: Nefediev, A. V.
name: Wang, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerous quarkonium(like) states lying near $S$-wave thresholds are observed experimentally. We propose a self-consistent approach to these near-threshold states compatible with unitarity and analyticity. The underlying coupled-channel system includes a bare pole and an arbitrary number of elastic and inelastic channels treated fully nonperturbatively. The resulting analytical parametrization is ideally suited for a combined analysis of the data available in various channels that is exemplified by an excellent overall description of the data for the charged $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ states.
description: LaTeX2e, 5 pages, 1 figure, typos corrected, version published in Phys. Rev. Lett
INVESTIGATION OF THE CHANGES IN ACCURACY AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF HOLES PRODUCED BY DEFORMATIONAL PIERCING
Creators: name: Popov, Stanislav
name: Petrash, Oleksandr
name: Burlaka, Andriy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 401406
subject: Machining

description: As a result of the experiments, stable characteristics were obtained for the change in the accuracy of the hole shape and surface roughness during the deformation of unequally rigid parts made of alloy steel.