cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Endodrelanva Gorochov 2000
Creators: name: Tan, Ming Kai
name: Wahab, Rodzay Bin Haji Abdul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Haglotettigoniidae
Endodrelanva

description: Genus Endodrelanva Gorochov, 2000
Remarks. Currently, five species are known from Malay Peninsula (two species) and Borneo (three species) (Cigliano et al., 2017). A key to all known species are available (Tan & Kamaruddin, 2016). Below, we add another species from Borneo.
description: Published as part of Tan, Ming Kai & Wahab, Rodzay Bin Haji Abdul, 2017, New taxa and notes on crickets of the subfamily Landrevinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) from Brunei Darussalam, Borneo, pp. 440-454 in Zootaxa 4365 (4) on page 449, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4365.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1119233
Critical Education, Vol. 15 No. 4 (2024)
Creators: name: Critical Education
Publisher: name: Critical Education
Year: 2024

description: Using Virtual Learning Labs to (Re)Mediate Exclusionary Discipline Practices for Young Children of Color with Disabilities...109-131
The Body in the Classroom after Covid-19...96-109
Literacies of the Heart and Antiracist Pedagogy...74-95
“I just can’t say ‘Fuck it, and walk away’” ...55-73
Playing Around...37-54
“Maybe Tightening the Collar is the Way to Do It”...19-36
Designing Curriculum for Critical Consciousness...1-18
Dicranocentrus indicus
Creators: name: Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante
name: Greenslade, Penelope
name: Baquero, Enrique
name: Jordana, Rafael
name: Souza, Paolla Gabryelle Cavalcante De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Collembola
Entomobryomorpha
Orchesellidae
Dicranocentrus
Dicranocentrus indicus

description: Dicranocentrus indicus species group
Dicranocentrus dolosus sp. nov., D. inermodentes, and D. indicus are quite similar to each other as discussed before. Dicranoncetrus indicus has the widest distribution of the three, specimens were collected from the Western coast of India (Mumbai and its surroundings), Taiwan and Tonga (Polynesia) (Bonet 1930; Yosii 1966). At the same time, several details of its morphology, especially regarding its dorsal chaetotaxy, remain unknown (Yosii 1966; Mari-Mutt 1979), and it is possible such wide distribution and limited knowledge on the species morphology may hide a complex of species. This hypothesis is supported by the discovery of D. dolosus sp. nov., D. inermodentes, and an undescribed species (Dicranocentrus sp.) from Christmas Island, all similar and quite possibly related to D. indicus and collected in between the localities listed to the latter species. Dicranocentrus inermodentes was recorded from Caroline and Mariana Islands (Micronesia) (Uchida 1944; Mari-Mutt 1979), while D. dolosus sp. nov. and Dicranocentrus sp. were collected from Australian islands near to Java. The study of the population distribution and delimitations of these species, from the D. indicus group, may unveil further new species from countries and islands bordering the Indian and Pacific Ocean, and may be useful to investigate models of springtail species’ dispersion through disconnected marine littoral zones.
description: Published as part of Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante, Greenslade, Penelope, Baquero, Enrique, Jordana, Rafael & Souza, Paolla Gabryelle Cavalcante De, 2022, A synthesis of the current knowledge on the Australian Orchesellidae (Collembola, Entomobryoidea), pp. 221-257 in Zootaxa 5115 (2) on page 254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5115.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6352296
Conochironomus Freeman
Creators: name: Cranston, Peter S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Conochironomus

description: Conochironomus Freeman
Conochironomus Freeman, 1961 (Freeman 1961: 701, Cranston & Hare 1995). Sumatendipes Kikuchi & Sasa, 1990 (Kikuchi & Sasa 1990: 313). Type-species Sumatendipes tobaterdecimus Kikuchi & Sasa, 1990, by monotypy. Syn. n.
Type-species: Endochironomus acutistilus Freeman, 1955: 288, by original designation (Freeman 1955).
Other included species: C. australiensis Cranston & Hare, 1995; C. avicula (Freeman, 1955); C. cervus Cranston & Hare, 1995; C. cygnus Cranston & Hare, 1995; C. deemingi Cranston & Hare, 1995; C. kakadu Cranston & Hare, 1995; C. nuengthai sp. n.; C. sawngthai sp. n.; C. tobaterdecimus (Kikuchi & Sasa, 1990).
description: Published as part of Cranston, Peter S., 2016, Conochironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Asia: new and redescribed species and vouchering issues, pp. 315-331 in Zootaxa 4109 (3) on page 316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/259767
Hamzini Distant 1905
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae

description: Tribe Hamzini Distant, 1905
Remarks. Lee (2014) synonymized Platypleurini Schmidt, 1918 with Hamzini Distant, 1905.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2015, Additional records of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) to the fauna of Mindanao, Philippines, with the description of three new species and a key to the species of Champaka Distant, pp. 545-556 in Zootaxa 4007 (4) on page 546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/234757
Additional file 1 of Giant and irregular pituitary neuroendocrine tumors surgery: comparison of simultaneous combined endoscopic endonasal and transcranial and purely endoscopic endonasal surgery at a single center
Creators: name: Fu, Jun
name: Luo, Wenwei
name: Zhang, Chunlin
name: Wang, Zhicheng
name: Fan, Wenjian
name: Lin, Yuanxiang
name: Kang, Dezhi
name: Song, Jianping
name: Jiang, Changzhen
name: Yan, Xiaorong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Orasema festiva
Creators: name: Burks, Roger A.
name: Mottern, Jason
name: Heraty, John M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eucharitidae
Orasema
Orasema festiva

description: Orasema festiva species group
Diagnosis. Recognized from all other Orasema species by having 8 funiculars (Fig. 2: F2–F9), smooth face, labrum with 8–11 digits (Fig. 3: lbr), densely setose, elongate fore wing with a long postmarginal vein reaching near to apex of wing (Figs 2, 6: pmv), and lateral margins of petiole with a single strong carina confluent with a broadened ventral surface (Fig. 5: lpc). Additional descriptive features include: scape and legs (beyond coxae) yellow; face smooth; vertex posteriorly sharp; mandibular formula 3:2; wings slightly infuscate, at least 2.3× as long as broad; fore wing with bare basal cell and small specular area; hind wing costal cell densely setose; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with areolate-rugose or transverse sculpture, never reticulate; transverse antecostal sulcus on Ms2 smooth (Fig. 25: acs).
Biology. Unknown. Immature stages of O. caesariata (egg) and O. delicatula (first instar) are described herein. Distribution. Northern South America and Panama (Fig. 1), with a range in elevation from 150–1280 meters. Phylogenetics. Six species are recognized. As part of a separate study, we have sequences including 18S (783bp), 28S D2–D5 (1120bp), COI (1041bp) available for four species, O. caesariata, O. delicatula, O. reburra and O. erwini (Mottern & Heraty in prep). In those results (likelihood and parsimony using PAUP and RAxML), the festiva -group is monophyletic, with two species pairs: O. caesariata + O. reburra and O. delicatula + O. erwini. These results are reinforced by morphological differences. Both O. caesariata and O. reburra have long setae on the head, mesosoma and petiole, which in Orasema is otherwise known only in the Orasema coloradensis- group. The longitudinal groove between the torulus and eye is shallow, hardly visible, and not surrounded by a depression in O. reburra, and is absent from O. caesariata, but is deeply impressed and surrounded by a depression in the other species. This feature does not occur in a similar form in any other Orasema and would support the monophyly of O. alvarengai, O. delicatula, O. erwini and O. festiva. No other characters appear to delineate groupings within this complex.
description: Published as part of Burks, Roger A., Mottern, Jason & Heraty, John M., 2015, Revision of the Orasema festiva species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae), pp. 521-534 in Zootaxa 3972 (4) on page 523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3972.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/239969
Conochironomus nuengthai Cranston, 2016, sp. n.
Creators: name: Cranston, Peter S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Conochironomus
Conochironomus nuengthai

description: Conochironomus nuengthai sp. n.
(Figs. 2 A; 3A, B)
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1EF933B0-8EC4-4146-A47B-E250E0D9F1B2
Type-material. Holotype: ♂, slide mounted, uncleared, in Euparal (by Reiss), at ZSM; THAILAND: Chang Mai, Zoo, 19–26.ii.1990 (Malicky). Paratype ♂ as holotype, except 2–9.iv.1990.
Description. MALE (n = 2). Body apparently uniformly brown without delimited thoracic vittae (from specimens mounted uncleared into Euparal. All tibiae paler in distal third; tarsomeres missing. Mensural features as in Table 1. Genitalia (Figs. 2 A; 3A, B) with few median anal tergite setae far anterior to broad base of anal point, which tapers evenly to end near level of inferior volsellae apices. Superior volsella characteristic, somewhat cuneate with gently convex inner and posterior margins, microtrichiose across median 1/3 (both dorsal and ventral); inner rounded apex with 2 stronger, medially directed setae (perhaps absent in some specimens); bare digitiform projection arising dorsally near middle of volsella, curving, then narrowing beyond posterior margin of volsella, ending prior to median apex of volsella. Small tubercle near base of gonocoxite. Median volsella absent. Inferior volsella substantially fused to medial margin of gonocoxite, with recurved simple setae, none directed posteriorly. Gonostylus with strong creases on inner surface (Fig. 3 B).
FEMALE, PUPA, LARVA unknown.
Etymology. Derived from the Thai words nùeng and thai, meaning the ‘first’ Thai species. This combination of a numbering and a location term follows a style used by the group of M. Sasa in naming C. tobaterdecimus (see below) and many other species. However, this approach to naming is not generally recommended. Epithet is to be treated as noun in apposition for the purposes of nomenclature.
Remarks. Both specimens are somewhat damaged, lacking antennae and with no leg complete. Each tibial comb is typical for the genus, with a protruding central spur (Cranston & Hare 1995: fig. 1f). Subtle differences, especially in the shape of the superior volsellae (Fig. 3 A versus Fig. 3 C), led F. Reiss (pers. comm. c. 1996) to differentiate this species from the one below. I concur.
description: Published as part of Cranston, Peter S., 2016, Conochironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Asia: new and redescribed species and vouchering issues, pp. 315-331 in Zootaxa 4109 (3) on pages 317-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/259767
Gergithus Stal 1870
Creators: name: Meng, Rui
name: Webb, Michael Donald
name: Wang, Ying-Lun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Issidae
Gergithus

description: Gergithus sp.
Fig. 5 A–C
G. signatifrons Melichar, 1906 sensu Baker 1927: 403.
A specimen previously identified as G. signatifrons by Baker (1927) from Siberut Island was examined (BMNH). It differs from the type specimen of G. signatifrons by 1) frons with wide blood-red longitudinal fascia medially and green fasciae laterally from upper margin to the line of antennae, lateral green fasciae curved inwards and connected by yellow transverse band, between it and clypeus also blood-red (the latter frons with red longitudinal fascia reaching metopoclypeal suture), lateral area pale yellowish, with black fascia near lateral margin below antennae; 2) clypeus blood-red medially, yellow laterally near metopoclypeal suture, and black-and-red below (the latter clypeus yellow medially and black laterally); 3) tegmen fulvous with straw yellow veins (the latter tegmen straw yellow).
All of the above characteristics show Baker’s identified specimen to be distinct from G. signatifrons and probably a new species. As the specimen is a female we prefer to wait for males to become available in order to formally describe the species.
Material examined
INDONESIA: ♂, Meita wei, Siberut Island, 2 Oct. 1924, H.H. Karny (BMNH).
description: Published as part of Meng, Rui, Webb, Michael Donald & Wang, Ying-Lun, 2017, Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species, pp. 1-25 in European Journal of Taxonomy 298 on page 10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.298, http://zenodo.org/record/3825759
Platypleura Amyot & Audinet-Serville 1843
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Platypleura

description: Genus Platypleura Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
1. Platypleura elizabethae Lee, 2009
Platypleura elizabethae: Lee, 2010a: 15, fig 1A, B.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2015, Additional records of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) to the fauna of Mindanao, Philippines, with the description of three new species and a key to the species of Champaka Distant, pp. 545-556 in Zootaxa 4007 (4) on page 546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/234757
Orasema festiva
Creators: name: Burks, Roger A.
name: Mottern, Jason
name: Heraty, John M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eucharitidae
Orasema
Orasema festiva

description: Key to species of the Orasema festiva group
Males are unknown for O. alvarengai, O. festiva, and O. reburra, but based on the other species features appear to be valid for both sexes.
1. Eye with long setae (Fig. 7)......................................................... Orasema caesariata n. sp.
- Eye without visible setae at 50× magnification (Figs 3, 11, 18, 22, 27)............................................ 2
2. Coxae dark brown (Figs 26, 29). Petiole with many (>10) long setae (Fig. 29).................... Orasema reburra n. sp.
- Coxae yellow (Figs 2, 5, 12, 21, 24). Petiole bare (Figs 5, 14, 21, 24), or with few (<5) very tiny decumbent setae are not easily visible at 50x magnification (Fig. 5)....................................................................... 3
3. Petiole parallel-sided in dorsal view, smooth and without a dorsal longitudinal carina (Fig. 24).... Orasema festiva (Fabricius)
- Petiole laterally expanded near midlength, with some dorsal sculpture and/or dorsal longitudinal carina (Figs 5, 14, 21).....4
4. Petiole only slightly laterally expanded near midlength: at least 3.5× as long as broad in both sexes (Fig. 21)................................................................................................. Orasema erwini n. sp.
- Petiole more strongly laterally expanded near midlength: not more than 2.8× as long as broad in females (Figs 5, 14), 3.27× as long as broad in males.................................................................................. 5
description: Published as part of Burks, Roger A., Mottern, Jason & Heraty, John M., 2015, Revision of the Orasema festiva species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae), pp. 521-534 in Zootaxa 3972 (4) on page 523, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3972.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/239969
Pantherophis Fitzinger 1843
Creators: name: Jacisin Iii, John J.
name: Lawing, A. Michelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Colubridae
Pantherophis

description: Genus PANTHEROPHIS Fitzinger, 1843
Diagnosis. The vertebrae of North American Pantherophis are relatively short, but robustly built compared to most of their contemporary colubrids. The vertebrae have wide, high neural spines and broad hemal keels, but lack epizygapophyseal spines (Holman, 2000; Parmley and Hunter, 2010). The parapophyseal process is poorly developed on either side, and the interzygapophyseal ridge is straight in lateral view (Ikeda, 2007).
Remarks. The vertebrae of North American Pantherophis are similar to some species of other large-bodied colubrine genera. In North America, the vertebrae of Pantherophis differ from those of New World Masticophis and Coluber in that they are relatively shorter and more robustly built, have higher and wider neural spines, have wider hemal keels, and lack epizygapophyseal spines (Holman, 2000). Pantherophis generally differs from Lampropeltis in possessing a higher, more vaulted neural arch, a higher neural spine (compared to at least some species of Lampropeltis), straight and less defined subcentral ridges, and less robust vertebrae (Holman, 2000; Parmley and Hunter, 2010). Pantherophis differs from Pituophis in having a lower neural spine and a zygosphene that is rarely or never concave (Auffenberg, 1963). Pantherophis differs from Drymarchon in possessing a zygosphene that is rarely or never concave, greater posterolateral curvature of the neural arch, less posterior curvature of the neural spine, and a deeper concavity on the posteromedial portion of the neural arch (Jasinski and Moscato, 2017). There has been no work to definitively separate the vertebral morphology of Pantherophis and Elaphe, in part because their reclassification as separate genera has not been morphologically defined since their separation in Utiger et al. (2002).
description: Published as part of Jacisin Iii, John J. & Lawing, A. Michelle, 2024, Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America, pp. 1-42 in Palaeontologia Electronica (a 2) (a 2) 27 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.26879/1220, http://zenodo.org/record/10962250
Conochironomus sawngthai Cranston, 2016, sp. n.
Creators: name: Cranston, Peter S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Conochironomus
Conochironomus sawngthai

description: Conochironomus sawngthai sp. n.
(Figs. 2 B; 3C, D)
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9DDC953D-C263-4B0E-B072-5585845067EF
Type-material. Holotype: ♂, slide mounted, uncleared, in Euparal (by Reiss), at ZSM; THAILAND: Chang Mai, Zoo, 26.iii-5.iii.1990 (Malicky). Paratype: ♂ genitalia only, as holotype except 23–30.v.1990.
Description. MALE (n = 1–2).
Body apparently uniformly brown with poorly delimited thoracic vittae (specimen mounted uncleared, in Euparal). Tibiae slightly paler in distal third, tarsomeres missing. Mensural features as in Table 1. Genitalia (Figs. 2 B; 3C, D) as compared to C. neungthai sp. n. with more median anal tergite setae anterior to broad base of anal point, which is parallel sided and slightly spatulate apically. Superior volsella more compressed, parallelogramshaped, with slightly concave inner and posterior margins, microtrichia restricted to narrow medio-basal area, inner point with 2 strong setae at apex; digitiform bare projection arising near middle of volsella, curving medially and more strongly narrowed beyond posterior margin of volsella, projection longer, ending medial to apex of volsella. Median volsella not evident in any form. Inferior volsella extensively fused to medial margin of gonocoxite, with swollen free apex densely covered with thick, recurved, simple setae, none of them directed posteriorly. Gonostylus broader than in C. neungthai sp. n., tapering, with more but weaker inner creases (Fig. 3 D), apex slightly bifid due to swollen base of subapical seta.
FEMALE, PUPA, LARVA unknown.
Etymology. Derived from the Thai words săwng and thai, meaning the ‘second’ Thai species. To be treated as noun in apposition for the purposes of nomenclature.
Remarks. The two slide mounted specimens comprise one damaged and incomplete adult male, and an isolated hypopygium on a second slide. On one tibia, likely that of a midleg, the comb has a central spur that is very short relative to that on the other comb. This species subtly differs from C. nuengthai sp. n. notably in the shape of the superior volsellae (Fig. 3 C versus Fig. 3 A).
* from literature, including measurements from figures.
n/a: not available (not stated in description, or damaged)
description: Published as part of Cranston, Peter S., 2016, Conochironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Asia: new and redescribed species and vouchering issues, pp. 315-331 in Zootaxa 4109 (3) on page 320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/259767
title: Lettre n°1414 de Paul d'Estournelles de Constant à Nicholas Murray Butler (29 octobre 1923)
title: Letter number 1414 from Paul d'Estournelles de Constant to Nicholas Murray Butler (October 29, 1923)
Creators: name: d'Estournelles de Constant, Paul
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023
Subjects: Pacifisme
Guerre mondiale (1914-1918)

description: Source: Archives de la Sarthe – France
Hamza Distant 1904
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Hamza

description: Genus Hamza Distant, 1904
2. Hamza ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hamza ciliaris: Lee, 2010a: 15, fig 1C, D.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2015, Additional records of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) to the fauna of Mindanao, Philippines, with the description of three new species and a key to the species of Champaka Distant, pp. 545-556 in Zootaxa 4007 (4) on page 546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/234757
Crypturgus cribrellus Reitter 1895
Creators: name: Amini, Sudabe
name: Nozari, Jamasb
name: Mandelshtam, Michail Yu.
name: Knížek, Miloš
name: Etemad, Vahid
name: Faccoli, Massimo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Crypturgus
Crypturgus cribrellus

description: Crypturgus cribrellus Reitter, 1895
Material examined. Mazandaran Province, N 36º 28' 60", E 51º 31' 42", 68 m a.s.l., breeding in trunk of Pinus sp. (Pinaceae) Sudabe Amini leg., 2 specimens, August 2015.
This species was previously recorded from Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Italy, Macedonia, Portugal, Switzerland, Spain, Ukraine, Serbia and Montenegro (Knížek 2011).
description: Published as part of Amini, Sudabe, Nozari, Jamasb, Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Knížek, Miloš, Etemad, Vahid & Faccoli, Massimo, 2017, New records of Iranian bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and their host plants in Zootaxa 4350 (2), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.13, http://zenodo.org/record/1053014
Chremistica Stal 1870
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Chremistica

description: Genus Chremistica Stål, 1870
3. Chremistica minor Bregman, 1985
Chremistica minor: Lee, 2010a: 16.
4. Chremistica kyoungheeae Lee, 2010
Chremistica kyoungheeae: Lee, 2010a: 16 –18, fig. 2.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2015, Additional records of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) to the fauna of Mindanao, Philippines, with the description of three new species and a key to the species of Champaka Distant, pp. 545-556 in Zootaxa 4007 (4) on page 546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/234757
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF AI-DRIVEN SERVICES ON CUSTOMER PERCEPTION IN THE NIGERIAN E-COMMERCE SECTOR
Creators: name: Aniebiet, Etuk
name: Aniefiok, Okon Akpan
name: Aniekan, Eyo Awah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: : AI-driven services, customer perception, e-commerce, personalization, customer engagement, trust and loyalty, chatbots, virtual assistants.

description: This study examined the influence of AI-driven services on customer perception in the Nigerian e-commerce sector. Using a survey design, data were collected from 384 respondents representing diverse customer demographics in Nigeria. The findings revealed that AI-driven personalization enhanced customer satisfaction by delivering relevant, convenient, and time-efficient shopping experiences. Similarly, AI-powered customer service tools, such as chatbots and virtual assistants, improved customer engagement through timely and effective support. Furthermore, AI technologies positively impacted trust and loyalty, although data privacy and transparency concerns remained notable barriers. The study underscored the importance of addressing digital literacy gaps, improving AI tools, and fostering trust through robust data protection measures to maximize AI's potential in Nigeria’s unique socio-economic context. These findings provided actionable recommendations for e-commerce platforms aiming to leverage AI for sustainable growth and customer retention in emerging markets
Cryptotympana Stal 1861
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Cryptotympana

description: Genus Cryptotympana Stål, 1861
5. Cryptotympana consanguinea Distant, 1916
Cryptotympana consanguinea: Lee, 2010a: 19.
Additional material examined. 1 male, Mindanao, Bukidnon, Maramag, Musuan, northwestern slopes of Mt. Musuan, 441 m, 07°52.752’N 125°03.853’E, 6 VII 2010, K.B.R. Hill, D.C. Marshall, J. Jones, A. & D. Mohagan; 1 female, specimen code 10. PH.MN.MUS.01, same data except 7 VII 2010.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2015, Additional records of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) to the fauna of Mindanao, Philippines, with the description of three new species and a key to the species of Champaka Distant, pp. 545-556 in Zootaxa 4007 (4) on page 546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/234757
Liparthrum bartschti , Muhl 1891
Creators: name: Amini, Sudabe
name: Nozari, Jamasb
name: Mandelshtam, Michail Yu.
name: Knížek, Miloš
name: Etemad, Vahid
name: Faccoli, Massimo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Liparthrum
Liparthrum bartschti

description: Liparthrum bartschti Mühl, 1891
Material examined. Mazandaran Province, Nowshahr-Ecology Garden N 36º 38' 51", E 51º 30' 64", 30 m a.s.l., breeding in twigs of Populus sp. (Salicaceae) Sudabe Amini leg., 4 specimens, September 2014.
This species was previously known only from Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Turkey (Knížek 2011) and Daghestan (Russia) (Petrov, 2005), collected only from mistletoe (Viscum album) growing on Populus, but not directly from Populus itself. Our record is the first finding of this genus in Iran.
description: Published as part of Amini, Sudabe, Nozari, Jamasb, Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Knížek, Miloš, Etemad, Vahid & Faccoli, Massimo, 2017, New records of Iranian bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and their host plants in Zootaxa 4350 (2), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.13, http://zenodo.org/record/1053014
Scolytus varshalovitchi , Michalski 1973
Creators: name: Amini, Sudabe
name: Nozari, Jamasb
name: Mandelshtam, Michail Yu.
name: Knížek, Miloš
name: Etemad, Vahid
name: Faccoli, Massimo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Scolytus
Scolytus varshalovitchi

description: Scolytus varshalovitchi Michalski, 1973
Material examined. Golestan province, Gorgan, Tooskestan N 37º 32' 48", E 55º 32' 28", 1200 m a.s.l., breeding in twigs of Z elkova sp. (Ulmaceae) Sudabe Amini leg., 2 specimens (2 females), August 2014.
Scolytus varshalovitchi was originally described from Lenkoran (Azerbaijan) and until now known only from this locality. Although it is known to breed in Caucasian hornbeam (Carpinus caucasicus) (Betulaceae), we collected the species on Zelkova sp. representing a new host plant and the first record of this species outside Azerbaijan.
The females of this species can be distinguished from the closely related species S. ensifer Eichhoff, 1881 by the long abdominal process on the second sternite that in S. varshalovitchi is similar in form to the male process. In S. ensifer the second sternite process is much shorter in females compared to males (Pfeffer 1995).
description: Published as part of Amini, Sudabe, Nozari, Jamasb, Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Knížek, Miloš, Etemad, Vahid & Faccoli, Massimo, 2017, New records of Iranian bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and their host plants in Zootaxa 4350 (2), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.13, http://zenodo.org/record/1053014
Pantherophis kansensis Gilmore 1938
Creators: name: Jacisin Iii, John J.
name: Lawing, A. Michelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Colubridae
Pantherophis
Pantherophis kansensis

description: Pantherophis kansensis Gilmore, 1938 †
Figure 7
Material. UNSM 139983 (21 pre-cloacal trunk vertebrae).
Description. In anterior view, the neural spine is relatively low for a colubrid, the neural arch is moderately vaulted, and the zygosphene is convex dorsally. The zygosphenal articular facets are strongly tilted dorso-ventrally. The neural canal is rounded and slightly smaller than the cotyle, which is also round. The prezygapophyseal articular facets tilt slightly upward, and the diapophyses and parapophyses are rounded, distinct sections of the synapophyses.
In dorsal view, the neural spine is long and located in the middle of the vertebra. The anterior edge of the zygosphene is concave. The prezygapophyseal accessory processes are moderately pointed, the prezygapophyseal articular facets are rounded to oval and tilted slightly upward, and the epizygapophyseal spines are absent. The posterior edge of the neural arch in dorsal view is slightly rounded.
In lateral view, the neural spine is approximately twice as long as it is high. The condyle is tilted slightly forward. The hemal keel is distinct from the centrum, and the synapophyses can clearly be divided into diapophyseal and parapophyseal sections. The interzygapophyseal ridge is bowed downward, and the subcentral ridge is bowed upward.
In posterior view, the neural arch is somewhat vaulted. The condyle is round and approximately the same size as the neural canal, which is an inverted U-shape. The zygosphenal articular facets and the postzygapophyseal articular facets are all tilted sharply upward. The diapophyses and parapophyses are distinct parts of the synapophyses.
In ventral view, the centrum is triangular and bordered by visible subcentral ridges. The hemal keel is well-developed, moderately wide, and constricted in the middle relative to the ends. The prezygapophyseal accessory processes are distinct, oblique, and directed anterolaterally. As in other views, the synapophyses are distinctly divided into the diapophyses and parapophyses.
Remarks. Pantherophis kansensis has vertebrae with a lower neural spine and more anterolaterally directed prezygapophyseal accessory processes than any other known species of Pantherophis or Bogertophis. This neural spine is relatively taller in some specimens, and is more proportionally more similar to Pantherophis obsoletus in that regard; these vertebrae appear to be from a more anterior portion of the vertebral column.
description: Published as part of Jacisin Iii, John J. & Lawing, A. Michelle, 2024, Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America, pp. 1-42 in Palaeontologia Electronica (a 2) (a 2) 27 (1) on pages 14-16, DOI: 10.26879/1220, http://zenodo.org/record/10962250
Hemisphaeroides Melichar 1903
Creators: name: Meng, Rui
name: Webb, Michael Donald
name: Wang, Ying-Lun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Issidae
Hemisphaeroides

description: Hemisphaeroides Melichar, 1903
Figs 10–11
Hemisphaeroides Melichar, 1903: 75.
Type species: Hemisphaeroides aeneoniger Melichar, 1903, by original designation.
Diagnosis
Body semicircular, smooth. Head including eyes wider than pronotum. Coryphe wide, 4.5 times as wide as long. Metope passing smoothly onto coryphe, greatly expanded laterally below antennae. Clypeus broadly triangular, placed horizontally and at right angle to surface of metope. Pronotum short, slightly longer than coryphe. Mesonotum large, triangularly convex. Tegmen semicircular, strongly convex, basal costal margin slightly protruding anteriorly. Hind wing with single lobe, slightly shorter than tegmen. Hind tibiae with two spines.
Distribution
Sri Lanka.
Checklist of species of Hemisphaeroides Melichar, 1903
H. aeneoniger Melichar, 1903. Melichar 1903: 75 (type species), Sri Lanka; Distant 1906: 364, fig. 188 (Fig. 10 A–E)
H. atromaculatus Distant, 1916 comb. nov. As Hemisphaerius atromaculatus Distant, 1916: 105, Sri Lanka (Fig. 10 F–I)
H. fuscoclypeatus Distant, 1916 comb. nov. As Hemisphaerius fuscoclypeatus Distant 1916: 105, Sri Lanka (Fig. 11 A–D)
H. lineatus Melichar, 1903. Melichar 1903: 76, Sri Lanka (Fig. 11 E–H)
Remarks
Hemisphaeroides aeneoniger and H. lineatus are known to us from images of their type specimens (HNHM) provided here. Images of the type specimens examined of H. atromaculatus (BMNH(E) 1705790) and H. fuscoclypeatus (BMNH(E) 1705791) are also provided here.
description: Published as part of Meng, Rui, Webb, Michael Donald & Wang, Ying-Lun, 2017, Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species, pp. 1-25 in European Journal of Taxonomy 298 on pages 19-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.298, http://zenodo.org/record/3825759
Dundubia Amyot & Audinet-Serville 1843
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Dundubia

description: Genus Dundubia Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843
6. Dundubia vaginata (Fabricius, 1787)
Dundubia vaginata: Lee, 2010a: 24.
Additional material examined. 1 female, specimen code 10. PH.MN.IMP.04, Mindanao, Bukidnon, Impasugong, Impalutao, C.E.D.A.R. preserve, 811 m, 08°15.072’N 125°01.891’E, 7 VII 2010, K.B.R. Hill, D.C. Marshall, J. Jones, A. & D. Mohagan.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2015, Additional records of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) to the fauna of Mindanao, Philippines, with the description of three new species and a key to the species of Champaka Distant, pp. 545-556 in Zootaxa 4007 (4) on page 546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/234757
Timalinyssus Mironov 2001
Creators: name: Constantinescu, Ioana Cristina
name: Chişamera, Gabriel
name: Mukhim, Khlur B.
name: Adam, Costică
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Astigmata
Pteronyssidae
Timalinyssus

description: Genus Timalinyssus Mironov, 2001
The genus Timalinyssus encompasses five species of large-sized feather mites that can be found on birds from the family Leiothrichidae (Passeriformes) from Asia (China, Taiwan and Vietnam). The type species is Timalinyssus oliferae (Mironov, 1990) (= Mouchetia oliferae) from Leiothrix argentauris Hodgson. Initial diagnostic characters given to the genus (Mironov 2001) proved to be insufficient as new species were subsequently described (Wang & Wang 2008; Mironov & Proctor 2011). In a more complete diagnosis of the genus Mironov & Proctor (2011) described the distinctive feature differentiating it from the closely related genus Mouchetia, namely the structure of tarsus III in male. In contrast to males of Mouchetia, in Timalinyssus, tarsus III is usually elongated and curved, with a claw-like or bidentate apical process and the dorsal surface of this segment bearing a smooth or indented longitudinal crest. Females of Timalinyssus differ from those of the genus Mouchetia because their hysteronotal shield is not narrowed in the anterior half.
description: Published as part of Constantinescu, Ioana Cristina, Chişamera, Gabriel, Mukhim, Khlur B. & Adam, Costică, 2014, Two new feather mite species of the family Pteronyssidae (Acarina: Analgoidea) from Meghalaya (Northeast India), pp. 351-366 in Zootaxa 3774 (4) on page 352, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3774.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/227391
Myzus (Nectarosiphum) polaris Hille Ris Lambers 1952
Creators: name: Stekolshchikov, Andrey V.
name: Khruleva, Olga A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Aphidomorpha
Aphididae
Myzus
Myzus polaris

description: Myzus (Nectarosiphum) polaris Hille Ris Lambers, 1952
Material. 1 al., No. 10163, the middle course of the Mamontovaya River, a zoogenic mesophytic meadow around an old polar fox burrow, 6.viii.2006, sweeping; 2 ovip., No. 10164, Somnitel’naya Bay, patchy lichen-grass-moss tundra on Southern Plain, 13.vii–14.viii.2006, pitfall traps.
Comments. The apterous and alate viviparous females, oviparous females and males of this species were described on Cerastium alpinum L. from Greenland. Later, it was found in northeastern Canada—Quebec (Payne Bay) and Nunavut (Baffin Island) (Richards, 1963). The host plant of Myzus polaris in Canada is unknown. Seven species and subspecies of the genus Cerastium were recorded on Wrangel Island; the most common among them is Сerastium beeringianum bialynickii (Tolm.) Tolm (Yurtsev et al., 2010).
description: Published as part of Stekolshchikov, Andrey V. & Khruleva, Olga A., 2014, A contribution to the aphid fauna (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of Wrangel Island, pp. 298-320 in Zootaxa 3887 (3) on page 313, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3887.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/225982
Pteroherpus Gaud 1981
Creators: name: Constantinescu, Ioana Cristina
name: Chişamera, Gabriel
name: Mukhim, Khlur B.
name: Adam, Costică
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Astigmata
Pteronyssidae
Pteroherpus

description: Genus Pteroherpus Gaud, 1981
A detailed generic revision of the family Pteronyssidae (considered as the subfamily of Avenzoariidae) was carried out by Faccini and Atyeo (1981). The authors of that revision noted that the genus Pteroherpus included 12 described species and they also recognized three species-groups within the genus: benoiti, holoplax and monacrotrichus. Other species were later described (Mironov 1992, Mironov & Kopij 2000, Mironov & Wauthy 2006), and a recent revision of Pteroherpus (Mironov & Wauthy 2008) added three more new species, raising the number to 18, and arranged them in four species-groups: hoplophorus (10 species), diploplax (6 species), josephi (1 species) and nicator (1 species). After this revision two other species of the genus were described: Pteroherpus garrulacis Mironov and Proctor, 2011 belonging to the species-group diploplax and Pteroherpus surmachi Mironov, 2011 which cannot be classified in any of mentioned species groups having a distinct combination of characters both in the female and in the male.
description: Published as part of Constantinescu, Ioana Cristina, Chişamera, Gabriel, Mukhim, Khlur B. & Adam, Costică, 2014, Two new feather mite species of the family Pteronyssidae (Acarina: Analgoidea) from Meghalaya (Northeast India), pp. 351-366 in Zootaxa 3774 (4) on page 358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3774.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/227391
Champaka Distant 1905
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Champaka

description: Genus Champaka Distant, 1905
Remarks. Lee (2010a) resurrected the genus Champaka Distant, 1905 including 11 species, which had been synonymized with Platylomia Stål, 1870 by Beuk (1999). With the addition of a new species described below, the genus Champaka now includes the following 12 species: C. spinosa (Fabricius, 1787), C. abdulla (Distant, 1881), C. viridimaculata (Distant, 1889) (type species), C. celebensis Distant, 1913, C. nigra (Distant, 1888), C. virescens (Distant, 1905), C. wallacei (Beuk, 1999), C. meyeri (Distant, 1883), C. constanti (Lee, 2009), C. maxima (Lee, 2009), C. solivenae sp. nov., and C. aerata (Distant, 1888). A key to the 12 species is provided below.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2015, Additional records of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) to the fauna of Mindanao, Philippines, with the description of three new species and a key to the species of Champaka Distant, pp. 545-556 in Zootaxa 4007 (4) on page 547, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/234757
Lettre de Prax à Jean-François Séguier,1764-07-19
Creators: name: Prax
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: Histoire naturelle (général)

description: Monsieur,

Quoi que je n’aie pas l’honneur d’être connu de vous, je prends la liberté de venir vous assurer, comme assure un serviteur, de mes respects et comme curieux vous offrir le fruit de mes recherches. Connaissant votre goût décidé pour ce qui s’appelle merveille de la nature, j’ai cru que la démarche que je fais aujourd’hui ne vous déplairait pas. La proximité des montagnes, les occasions d’ailleurs que j’ai eu de visiter nombre de curieux, tout cela me fait prendre du goût pour l’histoire naturelle. J’ai parcouru dejà nombre de nos montagnes et mes courses n’ont pas été jusqu’ici infructueuses. J’ai découvert nombre de pétrifications ignorées jusqu’à ces jours dans [v] le pays. Quelques envois que j’en ai fait ont été jugés digne d’occuper une place dans différents cabinets. Deux pierres figurées, l’une représentant du fil pétrifié qu’on peut enlever avec la pointe d’un couteau et l’autre d’espèces de semences qu’on prétend être de coquille de l’espèce du nautile chambré ont été trouvés bien, du moins m’en a-t-on demandé et m’en demande-t-on journellement. Il se trouve encore des échinites appelés pas de poulain, des échinites étoilés, des <…>lithes, des cornes d’Ammon, ostracites, ostracites épineux, perles marines, <…>, <…> grosses et petites, fungittes, millépores, madrépores, pyrites cuivreuse, ferrugineuse, <…> gros et petits, pétoncles, <…>, aiguilles, vis d’Archimède et autres coquilles ou pierres figurées. Je serai très flatté, Monsieur, que vous trouvassiez dans l’énumération que je viens de faire quelque pièce digne de votre attention. Votre suffrage [r] m’encourage à continuer mes recherches et j’aurai peu pour lors espoir d’augmenter mon cabinet de quelques-unes de ces belles pièces que vous possédez, j’entends de celle dont vous pouvez avoir nombre. Si vous me faites l’honneur de me répondre et vous daigniez accepter mes offres, je travaillerai à vous assortir d’un envoi que je vous ferai passer le plus tôt possible. J’ai l’honneur d’être,

Monsieur,
Votre très humble et très obéissant serviteur.
Prax chanoine

Par Limoux

Alet le 19 juillet 1764.

[v] [août 1764 Prax]

A Monsieur
Monsieur de Séguier
Avocat au Parlement
A Nîmes
description: Source: [établissement de conservation] Nîmes, Bibliothèque Carré d'Art [cote] ms. 417, non fol.
Myzus
Creators: name: Stekolshchikov, Andrey V.
name: Khruleva, Olga A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Aphidomorpha
Aphididae
Myzus

description: Myzus sp.
Material. 1 fund., No. 10165, Somnitel’naya Bay, patchy lichen-grass-moss tundra on the Southern Plain, 16.vii–14.viii.2006, pitfall traps; 1 al., No. 10166, Somnitel’nye Mountains, wet depression with sedge-moss vegetation at the base of a hill, 14.viii.2006, sweeping.
Comments. Only two specimens, a fundatrix and an alate vivparous female, were collected on Wrangel Island. The specific marker of the genus Myzus is the deep frontal sinus with inner faces of antennal tubercles convergent. Since fundatrices and alate viviparous females have a less-pronounced (sometimes, almost unapparent) frontal sinus than apterous viviparous females, the classification of these individuals to the genus Myzus needs additional verification. Both specimens have a 5-segmented antenna and a relatively short processus terminalis—the ratio between the length of processus terminalis to the length of the base of the last antennal segment is 1.30–1.36 in the fundatrix, and 1.69–1.87 in the alate vivparous female. Both specimens have deformities: the fundatrix has underdeveloped second segments on both antennae, and the alate vivparous female has underdeveloped wings. The five-segmented antenna and the short processus terminalis may also be deformities, and these specimens may be the thus-far-unknown fundatrix and alata of Myzus polaris with which the studied specimens have some similar features. Future research can give a more detailed answer to this question.
description: Published as part of Stekolshchikov, Andrey V. & Khruleva, Olga A., 2014, A contribution to the aphid fauna (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of Wrangel Island, pp. 298-320 in Zootaxa 3887 (3) on page 313, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3887.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/225982
Systematics and Phylogeny of Mastodonsauroid Amphibians (Temnospondyli) and the Bone Histology of Some Triassic Temnospondyls
Creators: name: J. Damiani, Ross
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 3109
subject: Zoology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
Salvadora Baird and Girard 1853
Creators: name: Jacisin Iii, John J.
name: Lawing, A. Michelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Colubridae
Salvadora

description: Genus SALVADORA Baird and Girard, 1853
Diagnosis. Generally, Salvadora can be identified by the combination of the following characters: (1) a thin, relatively low neural spine that gets shorter posteriorly through the trunk region; (2) obsolete to absent epizygapophyseal spines; (3) vertebrae that are approximately as wide as they are long; and (4) dorsally convex subcentral ridge in lateral view (Holman, 1973).
Remarks. The delicate neural spine and invariably thin hemal keel is similar to that found in other North American colubrids such as Coluber or Masticophis. However, Salvadora can be identified separately from those taxa on the basis of a proportionally shorter vertebra that appears to be nearly as wide as it is long, whereas the other two taxa appear elongate, more dorsally convex subcentral ridges, and obsolete to absent epizygapophyseal spines. Pantherophis, Pituophis, and Lampropeltis possess more robust and relatively wider vertebrae with less delicate neural spines and broader hemal keels than those of Salvadora. Jurestovsky (2021) also noted that extant Salvadora differ from Carphophis, Diadophis, and Gyalopion in possessing longer, more pointed accessory processes and a uniformly thinner hemal keel. Carphophis also possesses a narrower zygosphene, more elongate centrum, a shorter neural spine, less laterally directed postzygapophyses, and a less dorsoventrally tall cotyle (Jurestovsky, 2021). Salvadora has less robust postzygapophyses than Diadophis and possesses a more elongate centra, a taller neural spine, and a dorsoventrally taller cotyle than in Gyalopion (Jurestovsky, 2021).
description: Published as part of Jacisin Iii, John J. & Lawing, A. Michelle, 2024, Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America, pp. 1-42 in Palaeontologia Electronica (a 2) (a 2) 27 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.26879/1220, http://zenodo.org/record/10962250