cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Scientific modeling of Optical 3D Measuring Devices based on GPU-accelerated Ray Tracing using the NVIDIA OptiX Engine
Creators: name: Keksel, Andrej
name: Schmidt, Samuel
name: Beck, Dietrich
name: Seewig, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scientific optical 3D modeling requires the possibility to implement highly flexible and customizable mathematical models as well as high computing power. However, established ray tracing software for optical design and modeling purposes often has limitations in terms of access to underlying mathematical models and the possibility of accelerating the mostly CPU-based computation. To address these limitations, we propose the use of NVIDIA's OptiX Ray Tracing Engine as a highly flexible and high-performing alternative. OptiX offers a highly customizable ray tracing framework with onboard GPU support for parallel computing, as well as access to optimized ray tracing algorithms for accelerated computation. To demonstrate the capabilities of our approach, a realistic focus variation instrument is modeled, describing optical instrument components (light sources, lenses, detector, etc.) as well as the measuring sample surface mathematically or as meshed files. Using this focus variation instrument model, exemplary virtual measurements of arbitrary and standardized sample surfaces are carried out, generating image stacks of more than 100 images and tracing more than 1E9 light rays per image. The performance and accuracy of the simulations are qualitatively evaluated, and virtually generated detector images are compared with images acquired by a respective physical measuring device.
description: conference
Random Sequential Adsorption on Imprecise Lattice
Creators: name: Privman, Vladimir
name: Yan, Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a surprising result, established by numerical simulations and analytical arguments for a one-dimensional lattice model of random sequential adsorption, that even an arbitrarily small imprecision in the lattice-site localization changes the convergence to jamming from fast, exponential, to slow, power-law, with, for some parameter values, a discontinuous jump in the jamming coverage value. This finding has implications for irreversible deposition on patterned substrates with pre-made landing sites for particle attachment. We also consider a general problem of the particle (depositing object) size not an exact multiple of the lattice spacing, and the lattice sites themselves imprecise, broadened into allowed-deposition intervals. Regions of exponential vs. power-law convergence to jamming are identified, and certain conclusions regarding the jamming coverage are argued for analytically and confirmed numerically.
Near-Infrared Imaging of Barred Halo Dominated Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
Creators: name: Honey, M.
name: Das, M.
name: Ninan, J. P.
name: Purvankara, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a near-infrared (NIR) imaging study of barred low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies using the TIFR near-infrared Spectrometer and Imager (TIRSPEC). LSB galaxies are dark matter dominated, late type spirals that have low luminosity stellar disks but large neutral hydrogen (HI) gas disks. Using SDSS images of a very large sample of LSB galaxies derived from the literature, we found that the barred fraction is only 8.3%. We imaged twenty five barred LSB galaxies in the J, H, K$_S$ wavebands and twenty nine in the K$_S$ band. Most of the bars are much brighter than their stellar disks, which appear to be very diffuse. Our image analysis gives deprojected mean bar sizes of $R_{b}/R_{25}$ = 0.40 and ellipticities $e$ $\approx$ 0.45, which are similar to bars in high surface brightness galaxies. Thus, although bars are rare in LSB galaxies, they appear to be just as strong as bars found in normal galaxies. There is no correlation of $R_{b}/R_{25}$ or $e$ with the relative HI or stellar masses of the galaxies. In the (J-K$_S$) color images most of the bars have no significant color gradient which indicates that their stellar population is uniformly distributed and confirms that they have low dust content.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 31 pages, 9 figures
Nonlinear interplay of Alfven instabilities and energetic particles in tokamaks
Creators: name: Biancalani, A.
name: Bottino, A.
name: Cole, M.
name: Di Troia, C.
name: Lauber, Ph.
name: Mishchenko, A.
name: Scott, B.
name: Zonca, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The confinement of energetic particles (EP) is crucial for an efficient heating of tokamak plasmas. Plasma instabilities such as Alfven Eigenmodes (AE) can redistribute the EP population making the plasma heating less effective, and leading to additional loads on the walls. The nonlinear dynamics of toroidicity induced AE (TAE) is investigated by means of the global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code ORB5, within the NEMORB project. The nonperturbative nonlinear interplay of TAEs and EP due to the wave-particle nonlinearity is studied. In particular, we focus on the nonlinear modification of the frequency, growth rate and radial structure of the TAE, depending on the evolution of the EP distribution in phase space. For the ITPA benchmark case, we find that the frequency increases when the growth rate decreases, and the mode shrinks radially. This nonlinear evolution is found to be correctly reproduced by means of a quasilinear model, namely a model where the linear effects of the nonlinearly modified EP distribution function are retained.
description: Submitted to Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
Diffusion of Oligonucleotides from within Iron-Crosslinked Polyelectrolyte-Modified Alginate Beads: A Model System for Drug Release
Creators: name: Privman, Vladimir
name: Domanskyi, Sergii
name: Luz, Roberto A. S.
name: Guz, Nataliia
name: Glasser, M. Lawrence
name: Katz, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed and experimentally verified an analytical model to describe diffusion of oligonucleotides from stable hydrogel beads. The synthesized alginate beads are Fe3+-cross-linked as well as polyelectrolyte-doped for uniformity and stability at physiological pH. Data on diffusion of oligonucleotides from inside the beads provide physical insights into the volume nature of the immobilization of a fraction of oligonucleotides due to polyelectrolyte cross-linking, i.e., the absence of the surface-layer barrier in this case. Furthermore, our results suggest a new simple approach to measuring the diffusion coefficient of the mobile oligonucleotide molecules inside hydrogel. The considered alginate beads provide a model for a well-defined component in drug release systems and for the oligonucleotide-release transduction steps in drug-delivering and biocomputing applications. This is illustrated by destabilizing the beads with citrate that induces full oligonucleotide release with non-diffusional kinetics.
Re-appraisal and extension of the Gratton-Vargas two-dimensional analytical snowplow model of plasma focus - Part II: Looking at the singularity
Creators: name: Auluck, S K H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gratton-Vargas snowplow model, recently revisited and expanded (S K H Auluck, Physics of Plasmas, 20, 112501 (2013)), has given rise to significant new insights into some aspects of the Dense Plasma Focus (DPF), in spite of being a purely kinematic description having no reference to plasma phenomena. It is able to provide a good fit to the experimental current waveforms in at least 4 large facilities. It has been used for construction of a local curvilinear frame of reference, in which conservation laws for mass, momentum and energy can be reduced to effectively-one-dimensional hyperbolic conservation law equations. Its utility in global parameter optimization of device parameters has been demonstrated. These features suggest that the Gratton-Vargas model deserves a closer look at its supposed limitations near the singular phase of the DPF. This paper presents a discussion of its development near the device axis, based on the original work of Gratton and Vargas, with some differences. It is shown that the Gratton-Vargas partial differential equation has solutions for times after the current singularity, which exhibit an expanding bounded volume, (which can serve as model of an expanding plasma column) and decreasing dynamic inductance of the discharge, in spite of having no built-in hydrodynamics. This enables the model to qualitatively reproduce the characteristic shape of the current derivative in DPF experiments without reference to any plasma phenomena such as instabilities, anomalous resistance or reflection of hydrodynamic shock wave from the axis. The axial propagation of the solution exhibits a power-law dependence on the dimensionless time starting from the time of singularity, which is similar to the power-law relations predicted by theory of point explosions in ideal gases and which has also been observed experimentally.
FocusFlow: Leveraging Focal Depth for Gaze Interaction in Virtual Reality
Creators: name: Zhang, Chenyang
name: Chen, Tiansu
name: Nedungadi, Rohan
name: Shaffer, Eric
name: Soltanaghai, Elahe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current gaze input methods for VR headsets predominantly utilize the gaze ray as a pointing cursor, often neglecting depth information in it. This study introduces FocusFlow, a novel gaze interaction technique that integrates focal depth into gaze input dimensions, facilitating users to actively shift their focus along the depth dimension for interaction. A detection algorithm to identify the user's focal depth is developed. Based on this, a layer-based UI is proposed, which uses focal depth changes to enable layer switch operations, offering an intuitive hands-free selection method. We also designed visual cues to guide users to adjust focal depth accurately and get familiar with the interaction process. Preliminary evaluations demonstrate the system's usability, and several potential applications are discussed. Through FocusFlow, we aim to enrich the input dimensions of gaze interaction, achieving more intuitive and efficient human-computer interactions on headset devices.
Multi-domain Recommendation with Embedding Disentangling and Domain Alignment
Creators: name: Ning, Wentao
name: Yan, Xiao
name: Liu, Weiwen
name: Cheng, Reynold
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Tang, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-domain recommendation (MDR) aims to provide recommendations for different domains (e.g., types of products) with overlapping users/items and is common for platforms such as Amazon, Facebook, and LinkedIn that host multiple services. Existing MDR models face two challenges: First, it is difficult to disentangle knowledge that generalizes across domains (e.g., a user likes cheap items) and knowledge specific to a single domain (e.g., a user likes blue clothing but not blue cars). Second, they have limited ability to transfer knowledge across domains with small overlaps. We propose a new MDR method named EDDA with two key components, i.e., embedding disentangling recommender and domain alignment, to tackle the two challenges respectively. In particular, the embedding disentangling recommender separates both the model and embedding for the inter-domain part and the intra-domain part, while most existing MDR methods only focus on model-level disentangling. The domain alignment leverages random walks from graph processing to identify similar user/item pairs from different domains and encourages similar user/item pairs to have similar embeddings, enhancing knowledge transfer. We compare EDDA with 12 state-of-the-art baselines on 3 real datasets. The results show that EDDA consistently outperforms the baselines on all datasets and domains. All datasets and codes are available at https://github.com/Stevenn9981/EDDA.
description: Accepted by CIKM'23 as a Long paper
On a square-ice analogue of plane partitions
Creators: name: Govindarajan, Suresh
name: Guttmann, Anthony J.
name: Subramanyan, Varsha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a one-parameter family ($\ell=1,2,3,\ldots$) of configurations that are square-ice analogues of plane partitions. Using an algorithm due to Bratley and McKay, we carry out exact enumerations in order to study their asymptotic behaviour and establish, via Monte Carlo simulations as well as explicit bounds, that the asymptotic behaviour is similar to that of plane partitions. We finally carry out a series analysis and provide independent estimates for the asymptotic behaviour.
description: 27 pages, several figures and tables
Dolbeault-Dirac operators, quantum Clifford algebras and the Parthasarathy formula
Creators: name: Matassa, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider Dolbeault-Dirac operators on quantized irreducible flag manifolds as defined by Krähmer and Tucker-Simmons. We show that, in general, these operators do not satisfy a formula of Parthasarathy-type. This is a consequence of two results that we prove here: we always have quadratic commutation relations for the relevant quantum root vectors, up to terms in the quantized Levi factor; there are examples of quantum Clifford algebras where the commutation relations are not of quadratic-constant type.
description: 23 pages
Public Agenda Political Alienation Barometer Wave 2
Creators: name: Public Agenda Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2023

description: Feelings of political efficacy and trust (1); the state of democracy in the country (1); opinions of the design and structure of the government (1); serious problems in the country (1); the factors that would increase involvement in the political process (1); vote in the 2020 presidential election (3).
Interfacial Control of Dzyaloshinskii Moriya Interaction in Heavy Metal_Ferromagnetic Metal Thin Film Heterostructures
Creators: name: Ma, Xin
name: Yu, Guoqiang
name: Li, Xiang
name: Wang, Tao
name: Wu, Di
name: Olsson, Kevin S.
name: Chu, Zhaodong
name: An, Kyongmo
name: Xiao, John Q.
name: Wang, Kang L.
name: Li, Xiaoqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii Moriya Interaction (DMI) in ultrathin magnetic thin film heterostructures provides a new approach for controlling spin textures on mesoscopic length scales. Here we investigate the dependence of the interfacial DMI constant D on a Pt wedge insertion layer in Ta_CoFeB_Pt(wedge)_MgO thin films by observing the asymmetric spin wave dispersion using Brillouin light scattering. Continuous tuning of D by more than a factor of three is realized by inserting less than one monolayer of Pt. The observations provide new insights for designing magnetic thin film heterostructures with tailored D for controlling skyrmions and magnetic domain wall chirality and dynamics.
Quantum physics, fields and closed timelike curves: The D-CTC condition in quantum field theory
Creators: name: Tolksdorf, Juergen
name: Verch, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The D-CTC condition is a condition originally proposed by David Deutsch as a condition on states of a quantum communication network that contains "backward time-steps" in some of its branches. It has been argued that this is an analogue for quantum processes in the presence of closed timelike curves (CTCs). The unusual properties of states of quantum communication networks that fulfill the D-CTC condition have been discussed extensively in recent literature. In this work, the D-CTC condition is investigated in the framework of quantum field theory in the local, operator-algebraic approach due to Haag and Kastler. It is shown that the D-CTC condition cannot be fulfilled in states which are analytic for the energy, or satisfy the Reeh-Schlieder property, for a certain class of processes and initial conditions. On the other hand, if a quantum field theory admits sufficiently many uncorrelated states across acausally related spacetime regions (as implied by the split property), then the D-CTC condition can always be fulfilled approximately to arbitrary precision. As this result pertains to quantum field theory on globally hyperbolic spacetimes where CTCs are absent, one may conclude that interpreting the D-CTC condition as characteristic for quantum processes in the presence of CTCs could be misleading, and should be regarded with caution. Furthermore, a construction of the quantized massless Klein-Gordon field on the Politzer spacetime, often viewed as spacetime analogue for quantum communication networks with backward time-steps, is proposed in this work.
description: pdflatex, 34 pages, 5 figures. Invited contribution to Commun. Math. Phys. Special Issue dedicated to the memory of Rudolf Haag. v2: Typos corrected, reference added
First results of the Kourovka Planet Search: discovery of transiting exoplanet candidates in the first three target fields
Creators: name: Burdanov, Artem Y.
name: Benni, Paul
name: Krushinsky, Vadim V.
name: Popov, Alexander A.
name: Sokov, Evgenii N.
name: Sokova, Iraida A.
name: Rusov, Sergei A.
name: Lyashenko, Artem Yu.
name: Ivanov, Kirill I.
name: Moiseev, Alexei V.
name: Rastegaev, Denis A.
name: Dyachenko, Vladimir V.
name: Balega, Yuri Yu.
name: Baştürk, Özgür
name: Özavcı, Ibrahim
name: Puchalski, Damian
name: Marchini, Alessandro
name: Naves, Ramon
name: Shadick, Stan
name: Bretton, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results of our search for transiting exoplanet candidates as part of the Kourovka Planet Search (KPS) project. The primary objective of the project is to search for new hot Jupiters which transit their host stars, mainly in the Galactic plane, in the $R_c$ magnitude range of 11 to 14 mag. Our observations were performed with the telescope of the MASTER robotic network, installed at the Kourovka astronomical observatory of the Ural Federal University (Russia), and the Rowe-Ackermann Schmidt Astrograph, installed at the private Acton Sky Portal Observatory (USA). As test observations, we observed three celestial fields of size $2\times2$ deg$^2$ during the period from 2012 to 2015. As a result, we discovered four transiting exoplanet candidates among the 39000 stars of the input catalogue. In this paper, we provide the description of the project and analyse additional photometric, spectral, and speckle interferometric observations of the discovered transiting exoplanet candidates. Three of the four transiting exoplanet candidates are most likely astrophysical false positives, while the nature of the fourth (most promising) candidate remains to be ascertained. Also, we propose an alternative observing strategy that could increase the project's exoplanet haul.
description: 11 pages, 16 figures; Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2016
Leveraging Social Communities for Optimizing Cellular Device-to-Device Communications
Creators: name: Alim, Md Abdul
name: Pan, Tianyi
name: Thai, My Tra
name: Saad, Walid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Device-to-device (D2D) communications over licensed wireless spectrum has been recently proposed as a promising technology to meet the capacity crunch of next generation cellular networks. However, due to the high mobility of cellular devices, establishing and ensuring the success of D2D transmission becomes a major challenge. To this end, in this paper, a novel framework is proposed to enable devices to form multi-hop D2D connections in an effort to maintain sustainable communication in the presence of device mobility. To solve the problem posed by device mobility, in contrast to existing works, which mostly focus on physical domain information, a durable community based approach is introduced taking social encounters into context. It is shown that the proposed scheme can derive an optimal solution for time sensitive content transmission while also minimizing the cost that the base station pays in order to incentivize users to participate in D2D. Simulation results show that the proposed social community aware approach yields significant performance gain, in terms of the amount of traffic offloaded from the cellular network to the D2D tier, compared to the classical social-unaware methods.
description: 34 pages
High-Pressure Hydrogen Sulfide by Diffusion Quantum Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Azadi, Sam
name: Kühne, Thomas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo to revisit the enthalpy-pressure phase diagram of the various products from the different proposed decompositions of H$_2$S at pressures above 150~GPa. Our results entails a revision of the ground-state enthalpy-pressure phase diagram. Specifically, we find that the C2/c HS$_2$ structure is persistent up to 440~GPa before undergoing a phase transition into the C2/m phase. Contrary to density functional theory, our calculations suggest that the C2/m phase of HS is more stable than the I4$_1$/amd HS structure over the whole pressure range from 150 to 400 GPa. Moreover, we predict that the Im-3m phase is the most likely candidate for H$_3$S, which is consistent with recent experimental x-ray diffraction measurements.
Equipping Ghanaian physiotherapists with the skill set in evidence-based practice to promote patient-centered care: an educative training and stakeholders’ engagement project report
Creators: name: Sankah, Beatrice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420106
subject: Physiotherapy
classificationCode: 420602
subject: Health equity

description: This report describes a project conducted in Ghana on Evidence-based practice (EBP) use in physiotherapy. The project was conducted in January 2023 under the sponsorship of the Global Partnership Awards, University of Southampton, UK. It was conducted to equip Ghanaian Physiotherapists, researchers and educators with the necessary skill set to promote the use of EBP. A team's training approach and stakeholders’ engagement activities were used. During the project, research and education collaborations with University of Ghana and University of Health and Allied Sciences were explored through open discussions, student engagement activities, and seminars.
Random Walk Graph Laplacian based Smoothness Prior for Soft Decoding of JPEG Images
Creators: name: Liu, Xianming
name: Cheung, Gene
name: Wu, Xiaolin
name: Zhao, Debin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given the prevalence of JPEG compressed images, optimizing image reconstruction from the compressed format remains an important problem. Instead of simply reconstructing a pixel block from the centers of indexed DCT coefficient quantization bins (hard decoding), soft decoding reconstructs a block by selecting appropriate coefficient values within the indexed bins with the help of signal priors. The challenge thus lies in how to define suitable priors and apply them effectively. In this paper, we combine three image priors---Laplacian prior for DCT coefficients, sparsity prior and graph-signal smoothness prior for image patches---to construct an efficient JPEG soft decoding algorithm. Specifically, we first use the Laplacian prior to compute a minimum mean square error (MMSE) initial solution for each code block. Next, we show that while the sparsity prior can reduce block artifacts, limiting the size of the over-complete dictionary (to lower computation) would lead to poor recovery of high DCT frequencies. To alleviate this problem, we design a new graph-signal smoothness prior (desired signal has mainly low graph frequencies) based on the left eigenvectors of the random walk graph Laplacian matrix (LERaG). Compared to previous graph-signal smoothness priors, LERaG has desirable image filtering properties with low computation overhead. We demonstrate how LERaG can facilitate recovery of high DCT frequencies of a piecewise smooth (PWS) signal via an interpretation of low graph frequency components as relaxed solutions to normalized cut in spectral clustering. Finally, we construct a soft decoding algorithm using the three signal priors with appropriate prior weights. Experimental results show that our proposal outperforms state-of-the-art soft decoding algorithms in both objective and subjective evaluations noticeably.
Equipping Ghanaian physiotherapists with the skill set in evidence-based practice to promote patient-centered care: an educative training and stakeholders’ engagement project
Creators: name: Sankah, Beatrice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420106
subject: Physiotherapy
classificationCode: 420602
subject: Health equity

description: This report describes a project conducted in Ghana on Evidence-based practice (EBP) use in physiotherapy. The project was conducted in January 2023 under the sponsorship of the Global Partnership Awards, University of Southampton, UK. It was conducted to equip Ghanaian Physiotherapists, researchers and educators with the necessary skill set to promote the use of EBP. A team's training approach and stakeholders’ engagement activities were used. During the project, research and education collaborations with University of Ghana and University of Health and Allied Sciences were explored through open discussions, student engagement activities, and seminars.
Scale and curvature effects in principal geodesic analysis
Creators: name: Lazar, Drew
name: Lin, Lizhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60D05, 62H11, 53C22

description: There is growing interest in using the close connection between differential geometry and statistics to model smooth manifold-valued data. In particular, much work has been done recently to generalize principal component analysis (PCA), the method of dimension reduction in linear spaces, to Riemannian manifolds. One such generalization is known as principal geodesic analysis (PGA). This paper, in a novel fashion, obtains Taylor expansions in scaling parameters introduced in the domain of objective functions in PGA. It is shown this technique not only leads to better closed-form approximations of PGA but also reveals the effects that scale, curvature and the distribution of data have on solutions to PGA and on their differences to first-order tangent space approximations. This approach should be able to be applied not only to PGA but also to other generalizations of PCA and more generally to other intrinsic statistics on Riemannian manifolds.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures
Reduced-space Gaussian Process Regression for Data-Driven Probabilistic Forecast of Chaotic Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Wan, Zhong Yi
name: Sapsis, Themistoklis P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a reduced-order strategy for efficiently forecasting complex high-dimensional dynamical systems entirely based on data streams. The first step of our method involves reconstructing the dynamics in a reduced-order subspace of choice using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). GPR simultaneously allows for reconstruction of the vector field and more importantly, estimation of local uncertainty. The latter is due to i) local interpolation error and ii) truncation of the high-dimensional phase space. This uncertainty component can be analytically quantified in terms of the GPR hyperparameters. In the second step we formulate stochastic models that explicitly take into account the reconstructed dynamics and their uncertainty. For regions of the attractor which are not sufficiently sampled for our GPR framework to be effective, an adaptive blended scheme is formulated to enforce correct statistical steady state properties, matching those of the real data. We examine the effectiveness of the proposed method to complex systems including the Lorenz 96, the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky, as well as a prototype climate model. We also study the performance of the proposed approach as the intrinsic dimensionality of the system attractor increases in highly turbulent regimes.
description: Submitted to Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena
Chargino contributions in light of recent $ε'/ε$
Creators: name: Endo, Motoi
name: Mishima, Satoshi
name: Ueda, Daiki
name: Yamamoto, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the standard model prediction of $ε'/ε$ was improved, and a discrepancy from the experimental results was reported at the $2.9σ$ level. We study the chargino contributions to $Z$ penguin especially with the vacuum stability constraint. The vacuum decay rate is investigated, and it is shown that the discrepancy can be explained if superparticles are lighter than 4-6 TeV. Correlations with $\mathcal{B}(K_L\toπ^0ν\barν)$ and other experimental constraints are also discussed.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Orbital-selective Mott phase of Cu-substituted iron-based Superconductors
Creators: name: Liu, Yang
name: Zhao, Yang-Yang
name: Song, Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase transition in Cu-substituted iron-based superconductors with a new developed real-space Green's function method. We find that Cu substitution has strong effect on the orbital-selective Mott transition introduced by the Hund's rule coupling. The redistribution of the orbital occupancy which is caused by the increase of the Hund's rule coupling, gives rise to the Mott-Hubbard metal-insulator transition in the half-filled $d_{xy}$ orbital. We also find that more and more electronic states appear inside that Mott gap of the $d_{xy}$ orbital with the increase of Cu substitution, and the in-gap states around the Fermi level are strongly localized at some specific lattice sites. Further, a distinctive phase diagram, obtained for the Cu-substituted Fe-based superconductors, displays an orbital-selective insulating phase, as a result of the cooperative effect of the Hund's rule coupling and the impurity-induced disorder.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Barlenses and X-shape features compared: different manifestations of Boxy/Peanut bulges
Creators: name: Laurikainen, E.
name: Salo, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Morphological characteristics of the vertically thick inner bar components are studied. At high galaxy inclinations they manifest as Boxy/Peanut/X-shape features, and near to face-on view as barlenses. Using the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G) and the Near-IR S0 galaxy Survey (NIRS0S), we compared the properties of 88 X-shape features, 85 barlenses, and the photometric bulges of 41 non-barred galaxies. Sizes and minor-to-major axis ratios (b/a) of these structures are compared, and interpreted by means of synthetic images using N-body simulation models. Barlenses and their parent galaxies are also divided into different sub-groups. The synthetic images are analyzed in a similar manner as the observations. This is the first time that the observed properties of barlenses and X-shape features are compared, over a large range of galaxy inclinations. Our analysis are consistent with the idea that barlenses and X-shape features are physically the same phenomenon. However, which of the two features is observed depends, not only on galaxy inclination, but also on its central flux concentration. The observed nearly round face-on barlens morphology is expected when at least a few percents of the disk mass is in a central component, within a region much smaller than the size of the barlens itself. We also discuss that the large range of stellar population ages obtained for the photometric bulges in the literature, are consistent with our interpretation.
description: 14 pages (text), +21 figures, +6 tables, accepted to Astronomy & Astrophysics 31.8.2016
Bumps, births and breasts : Maternity in late-twentieth and early twenty-first-century fiction
Creators: name: Mattar, Barbara
Publisher: name: Australian Catholic University
Year: 2022
Subjects: mother
literature
pregnancy
childbirth
breastfeeding
maternity

description: Bumps, Births and Breasts: Maternity in Late Twentieth- and Early Twenty-First-Century Fiction is a critical examination of a selection of novels and one short story that focus on pregnancy and the postpartum period, childbirth and breastfeeding. Themes of loss, sexual freedom, death, homebirth, threat, containment and salvation are discussed in relation to the way maternity is represented. Using the key categories of dominant, residual and emergent from social theorist Raymond Williams, who describes cultural elements that may work as counter-hegemonies to dominant cultural practices, in conjunction with feminist and matricentric theory, the thesis identifies some of the origins of late twentieth-century representations of the maternal body and the relationship these representations have to twenty-first-century literature. The fifteen texts discussed in this thesis were published between 1976-2001. These works are written by North American, British and Irish authors Margaret Atwood, Toni Morrison, Emma Donoghue, Maggie O’Farrell, Lori Lansens, Ami McKay, Lissa M. Cowan and Patricia Ferguson, alongside Australian authors Helen Hodgman, Tim Winton, Peter Carey, Nikki Gemmell, Fiona Higgins and Christos Tsiolkas. The thesis argues that literature on the maternal published in the twenty-first century maintains a strong reliance on historical understandings of ideal motherhood as well as being deeply influenced by second-wave feminist perspectives that viewed maternity as the loss of self. Despite this fiction being indebted to residual, that is, new appropriations of remnants of the past and dominant images of the role of the wife which are currently in cultural use, the emotions of the new mother and the relationship between mothers and their community, some writers have used literature to re-present the maternal body and the figure of the first-time mother in ways that critique hegemonic understandings of motherhood. The emergent qualities of these texts are identified, categorised and discussed to establish a critical vocabulary with which to expand the study of literature on the maternal.
Supplemental Material Figshare
Creators: name: Luo, Alan
name: Moseley, Hunter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310299
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified

description: This directory contains all the code used and results collected for the study "Electron Density Discrepancy Analysis of Energy Metabolism Coenzymes", written by Alan Luo and Dr. Hunter N.B. Moseley. This directory also stores the results that were omitted from the paper, and are only for additional reference. The study is in consideration for submission to the International Conference on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology 2023.
The directory "DiscrepData" is composed of discrepancy data, organized by the ligand being bound to the protein.
This directory also contains the data that prompted the entire investigation to begin with. These data are the discrepancy data collected for ATP-bound proteins from the Protein Data Bank. They contained outliers which suggested the possible inclusion of outliers amongst other ligand discrepancy datasets, such as ADP-bound proteins rather than ATP-bound ones.
The names used to name the results are identifiers, and not the actual names used in the paper. Below are the names that made it into the final version of the paper, and which analyses they correspond to in the paper.GroupAnalysis, only the "all" results -- "Evaluating 2x2 Contingency Tables of Outlier abs-EDDA vs 3.5 Angstrom Metal Atom Distance Cutoff "TotalCrs, everything except for "all" -- "Evaluating 2x2 Contingency Tables of Outlier abs-EDDA vs 3.5 Angstrom Crystal Contact Distance Cutoff"BothAnalysis 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% -- "Evaluating 2x2 Contingency Tables of Outlier abs-EDDA vs 3.5 Angstrom Metal Atom and Crystal Contact Distance Cutoff", and "Evaluating Linear Relationships", min[MCD,CCD]AllMetals 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and "Total" -- "Evaluating Linear Relationships", minMCDTotalCrs 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% -- "Evaluating Linear Relationships", minCCD
Thermal imaging of spin Peltier effect
Creators: name: Daimon, Shunsuke
name: Iguchi, Ryo
name: Hioki, Tomosato
name: Saitoh, Eiji
name: Uchida, Ken-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a charge current is applied to a junction comprising two different conductors, its temperature increases or decreases depending on the direction of the charge current. This phenomenon is called the Peltier effect, which is used in solid-state heat pumps and temperature controllers in electronics. Recently, in spintronics, a spin counterpart of the Peltier effect was observed. The "spin Peltier effect" modulates the temperature of a magnetic junction depending on the direction of a spin current. Here we report thermal imaging of the spin Peltier effect; using active thermography technique, we visualize the temperature modulation induced by a spin current injected into a magnetic insulator from an adjacent metal. The thermal images reveal characteristic distribution of spin-current-induced heat sources, resulting in the temperature change confined only in the vicinity of the metal/insulator interface. The finding of this anomalous temperature distribution allows us to estimate the actual magnitude of the temperature modulation induced by the spin Peltier effect, which is found to be more than one order of magnitude greater than that previously believed.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Perfecting the Photometric Calibration of the ACS CCD Cameras
Creators: name: Bohlin, Ralph C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Newly acquired data and improved data reduction algorithms mandate a fresh look at the absolute flux calibration of the CCD cameras on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The goals are to achieve a 1\% accuracy and to make this calibration more accessible to the HST guest investigator. Absolute fluxes from the CALSPEC\footnote{http://www.stsci.edu/hst/observatory/crds/calspec.html} database for three primary hot 30,000--60,000K WDs define the sensitivity calibrations for the WFC and HRC filters. The external uncertainty for the absolute flux is $\sim$1\%, while the internal consistency of the sensitivities in the broadband ACS filters is $\sim$0.3\% among the three primary WD flux standards. For stars as cool as K type, the agreement with the CALSPEC standards is within 1\% at the WFC1-1K subarray position, which achieves the 1\% precision goal for the first time. After making a small adjustment to the filter bandpass for F814W, the 1\% precision goal is achieved over the full F814W WFC field of view for stars of K type and hotter. New encircled energies and absolute sensitivities replace the seminal results of Sirianni et al. that were published in 2005. After implementing the throughput updates, synthetic predictions of the WFC and HRC count rates for the average of the three primary WD standard stars agree with the observations to 0.1\%.
description: 13 Figures, 40 pp
Class-prior Estimation for Learning from Positive and Unlabeled Data
Creators: name: Plessis, Marthinus C. du
name: Niu, Gang
name: Sugiyama, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of estimating the class prior in an unlabeled dataset. Under the assumption that an additional labeled dataset is available, the class prior can be estimated by fitting a mixture of class-wise data distributions to the unlabeled data distribution. However, in practice, such an additional labeled dataset is often not available. In this paper, we show that, with additional samples coming only from the positive class, the class prior of the unlabeled dataset can be estimated correctly. Our key idea is to use properly penalized divergences for model fitting to cancel the error caused by the absence of negative samples. We further show that the use of the penalized $L_1$-distance gives a computationally efficient algorithm with an analytic solution. The consistency, stability, and estimation error are theoretically analyzed. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method.
description: To appear in Machine Learning
Additional file 1 of Genetic variants of interleukin 1B and 6 are associated with clinical outcome of surgically treated lumbar degenerative disc disease
Creators: name: Biczo, Adam
name: Bereczki, Ferenc
name: Koch, Kristóf
name: Varga, Peter Pal
name: Lazary, Aron
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Hard rectangles near curved hard walls: tuning the sign of the Tolman length
Creators: name: Sitta, Christoph E.
name: Smallenburg, Frank
name: Wittkowski, Raphael
name: Löwen, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining analytic calculations, computer simulations, and classical density functional theory we determine the interfacial tension of orientable two-dimensional hard rectangles near a curved hard wall. Both a circular cavity holding the particles and a hard circular obstacle surrounded by particles are considered. We focus on moderate bulk densities (corresponding to area fractions up to 50 percent) where the bulk phase is isotropic and vary the aspect ratio of the rectangles and the curvature of the wall. The Tolman length, which gives the leading curvature correction of the interfacial tension, is found to change sign at a finite density, which can be tuned via the aspect ratio of the rectangles.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
502 Gbits/s Quantum Random Number Generation with Simple and Compact Structure
Creators: name: Liu, Jinlu
name: Yang, Jie
name: Li, Zhengyu
name: Huang, Wei
name: Xu, Bingjie
name: Guo, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and implement a simple and compact quantum random number generation (QRNG) scheme based on the quantum phase fluctuations of a DFB laser. The distribution probability of the experimentally measured data fits well with the simulation result, got from the theoretical model we established. Min-entropy estimation and Toeplitz-hashing randomness extractor are used to obtain the final random bit. The proposed approach has advantages not only in simple structure but also in high random bit generation rate. As a result, 502 Gbits/s random bits generation speed can be obtained, which is much higher than previous similar schemes. This approach offers a possibility to promote the practical application of QRNG.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Dynamic disorder, phonon lifetimes, and the assignment of modes to the vibrational spectra of methylammonium lead halide perovskites
Creators: name: Leguy, Aurélien M. A.
name: Goñi, Alejandro R.
name: Frost, Jarvist M.
name: Skelton, Jonathan
name: Brivio, Federico
name: Rodríguez-Martínez, Xabier
name: Weber, Oliver J.
name: Pallipurath, Anuradha
name: Alonso, M. Isabel
name: Campoy-Quiles, Mariano
name: Weller, Mark T.
name: Nelson, Jenny
name: Walsh, Aron
name: Barnes, Piers R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Raman and terahertz absorbance spectra of methylammonium lead halide single crystals (MAPbX3, X = I, Br, Cl) at temperatures between 80 and 370 K. These results show good agreement with density-functional-theory phonon calculations.1 Comparison of experimental spectra and calculated vibrational modes enables confident assignment of most of the vibrational features between 50 and 3500 cm-1. Reorientation of the methylammonium cations, unlocked in their cavities at the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition, plays a key role in shaping the vibrational spectra of the different compounds. Calculations show that these dynamics effects split Raman peaks and create more structure than predicted from the independent harmonic modes. This explains the presence of extra peaks in the experimental spectra that have been a source of confusion in earlier studies. We discuss singular features, in particular the torsional vibration of the C-N axis, which is the only molecular mode that is strongly influenced by the size of the lattice. From analysis of the spectral linewidths, we find that MAPbI3 shows exceptionally short phonon lifetimes, which can be linked to low lattice thermal conductivity. We show that optical rather than acoustic phonon scattering is likely to prevail at room temperature in these materials.
description: 40 pages (no supporting info uploaded)