cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dominant contributions to the nucleon-nucleon interaction at sixth order of chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Entem, D. R.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Machleidt, R.
name: Nosyk, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the dominant two- and three-pion-exchange contributions to the nucleon-nucleon interaction at sixth order (next-to-next-to-next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order, N5LO) of chiral perturbation theory. Phase shifts with orbital angular momentum L>=4 are given parameter free at this order and allow for a systematic investigation of the convergence of the chiral expansion. The N5LO contribution is prevailingly repulsive and considerably smaller than the N4LO one, thus, establishing the desired trend towards convergence. Using low-energy constants that were extracted from an analysis of pi-N scattering at fourth order, the predictions at N5LO are in excellent agreement with the empirical phase shifts of peripheral partial waves.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1411.5335
(100858) Henry Charles Stone
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Image Gently 2.0: Harmonization with EuroSafe Call for Action
Creators: name: Frush, Donald
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Action 13 - Stakeholder engagement and collaboration
subject: Action 12 - Information for and communication with patients
subject: Action 13 - Stakeholder engagement and collaboration
subject: Action 12 - Cooperation with international radiation protection initiatives and other stakeholders including IAEA, WHO, ICRP, HERCA, European Commission
subject: Action 11 - Improved patient communication
subject: Action 10 - Improved communication and collaboration of health professionals in radiation protection
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Education and training

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: A Decade of Difference 1. 2017 marks the beginning of the second decade of the Image Gently Alliance® (Figure 1) 2. The Alliance is an assurance organization: a. Assurance = a positive declaration that is intended to give confidence; a promise”...
Low-calorie- and calorie-sweetened beverages: diet quality, food intake, and purchase patterns of US household consumers
Creators: name: Piernas, Carmen
name: Gordon-Larsen, Penny
name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Ng, Shu Wen
name: Mendez, Michelle A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Background: Few studies have investigated the diet quality of consumers of low-calorie-sweetened (LCS) and calorie-sweetened (CS) beverages.
Casimir Energy and Modularity in Higher-dimensional Conformal Field Theories
Creators: name: Luo, Conghuan
name: Wang, Yifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An important problem in Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is to understand the structures of observables on spacetime manifolds of nontrivial topology. Such observables arise naturally when studying physical systems at finite temperature and/or finite volume and encode subtle properties of the underlying microscopic theory that are often obscure on the flat spacetime. Locality of the QFT implies that these observables can be constructed from more basic building blocks by cutting-and-gluing along a spatial slice, where a crucial ingredient is the Hilbert space on the spatial manifold. In Conformal Field Theory (CFT), thanks to the operator-state correspondence, we have a non-perturbative understanding of the Hilbert space on a spatial sphere. However it remains a challenge to consider more general spatial manifolds. Here we study CFTs in spacetime dimensions $d>2$ on the spatial manifold $T^2\times \mathbb{R}^{d-3}$ which is one of the simplest manifolds beyond the spherical topology. We focus on the ground state in this Hilbert space and analyze universal properties of the ground state energy, also commonly known as the Casimir energy, which is a nontrivial function of the complex structure moduli $τ$ of the torus. The Casimir energy is subject to constraints from modular invariance on the torus which we spell out using $PSL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ spectral theory. Moreover we derive a simple universal formula for the Casimir energy in the thin torus limit using the effective field theory (EFT) from Kaluza-Klein reduction of the CFT, with exponentially small corrections from worldline instantons. We illustrate our formula with explicit examples from well-known CFTs including the critical $O(N)$ model in $d=3$ and holographic CFTs in $d\geq 3$.
description: 48 pages, 3 figures
(100859) Austin Michael King
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
$^{3}_Λ\mathrm H$ and $^{3}_{\barΛ} \overline{\mathrm H}$ production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of the hypertriton nuclei $^{3}_Λ\mathrm H$ and $^{3}_{\barΛ} \overline{\mathrm H}$ has been measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE experiment at LHC energies. The total yield, d$N$/d$y$ $\times \mathrm{B.R.}_{\left( ^{3}_Λ\mathrm H \rightarrow ^{3}\mathrm{He},π^{-} \right)} = \left( 3.86 \pm 0.77 (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 0.68 (\mathrm{syst.})\right) \times 10^{-5}$ in the 0-10% most central collisions, is consistent with the predictions from a statistical thermal model using the same temperature as for the light hadrons. The coalescence parameter $B_3$ shows a dependence on the transverse momentum, similar to the $B_2$ of deuterons and the $B_3$ of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ nuclei. The ratio of yields $S_3$ = $^{3}_Λ\mathrm H$/($^{3}\mathrm{He}$ $\times Λ/\mathrm{p}$) was measured to be $S_3$ = 0.60 $\pm$ 0.13 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.21 (syst.) in 0-10% centrality events; this value is compared to different theoretical models. The measured $S_3$ is fully compatible with thermal model predictions. The measured $^{3}_Λ\mathrm H$ lifetime, $ τ= 181^{+54}_{-39} (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 33 (\mathrm{syst.})\ \mathrm{ps}$ is compatible within 1$σ$ with the world average value.
description: 21 pages, 7 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 16, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/1700
Sosialisasi dan Demonstrasi Paving Block dari Sampah Plastik: Potensi Keberlanjutan di Desa Pangkalan Batang Barat
Creators: name: Aditya Warman, Indri Emiliana Putri, Tengku Alya Faheema, Farid Bimo Nugraha, Erindavia Elsyukri, Farhan Menzano, Ayudia Fatiha, Luga Riela Nadeak, Daniel Apriliant, Raisa Aurel Fadhilah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This socialization and demonstration program evaluates the implementation of paving block making from plastic waste in Pangkalan Batang Barat Village as an innovative solution to the problem of waste management that is often done through burning, resulting in environmental and health impacts. These Riau University student work program aims to reduce the accumulation of plastic waste, increase community understanding of more environmental friendly waste management methods, and create sustainable economic opportunities. The methods used include technical training in the form of socialization and demonstration of the process of making paving blocks involving a mixture of recycled plastic, sand, and oil, as well as mentoring during the production process. Evaluation was conducted using surveys to assess changes in knowledge, skills, and economic impact of the program. The evaluation results showed significant improvements in the community's understanding of waste management, the creation of new jobs, as well as the potential for increased village income through management by Village-Owned +Enterprises (BUMDes). This service indicates that making paving blocks from plastic waste is an effective approach to sustainably manage plastic waste and support local economic development.
Anomalous conductivities in the holographic Stuckelberg model
Creators: name: Rai, Nishal
name: Megias, Eugenio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied a massive U(1) gauge holographic model with pure gauge and mixed gauge-gravitational Chern-Simons terms. The full backreaction of the gauge field on the metric tensor has been considered in order to explore the vortical and energy transport sector. The background solution has been computed numerically. On this background, we have considered the fluctuation of the fields and evaluated the different correlators. We have found that all the correlators depend on the mass of the gauge field. Correlators such as the current-current one, $\langle J_xJ_x\rangle$, which were completely absent in the massless case, in the presence of a finite gauge boson mass start picking up some finite value even at zero chemical potential. Similarly, the energy-current correlator, $\langle T_{0x}J_x\rangle$, which was also absent in the massless theory, has now a non-vanishing value but for finite values of the chemical potential. Our findings for the chiral vortical conductivity, $σ_V$, and the chiral magnetic/vortical conductivity of energy current, $σ^\varepsilon_B = σ^\varepsilon_V$, are completely new results. In addition to this, we have found that these anomalous transport coefficients depend linearly both on the pure Chern-Simon coupling, $κ$, and on the mixed gauge-gravity Chern-Simon coupling, $λ$. One of the results that we would like to highlight is that its not just $κ$ that contributes to the $σ_B$ but there is an additional contribution from $λ$ as well unlike the previous studies.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures
Nutrition education in medical school: a time of opportunity
Creators: name: Kushner, Robert F.
name: Akabas, Sharon R.
name: Rock, Cheryl L.
name: Bales, Connie W.
name: Van Horn, Linda
name: Kohlmeier, Martin
name: Edwards, Marilyn S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Undergraduate medical education has undergone significant changes in development of new curricula, new pedagogies, and new forms of assessment since the Nutrition Academic Award was launched more than a decade ago. With an emphasis on a competency-based curriculum, integrated learning, longitudinal clinical experiences, and implementation of new technology, nutrition educators have an opportunity to introduce nutrition and diet behavior–related learning experiences across the continuum of medical education. Innovative learning opportunities include bridging personal health and nutrition to community, public, and global health concerns; integrating nutrition into lifestyle medicine training; and using nutrition as a model for teaching the continuum of care and promoting interprofessional team-based care. Faculty development and identification of leaders to serve as champions for nutrition education continue to be a challenge.
title: Application of automatic data collection for optimisation during CT examinations in Slovakia
Creators: name: Salat, Dusan
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
subject: Action 3 - Optimisation, diagnostic reference levels, image quality
subject: Epidemiology

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: Computer tomography (CT) delivers high quality reproducible and detailed medical images within short time, but simultaneously it is the greatest contributor and continuously increasing source of population exposure. The number of CT scans worldwide...
(100860) Christopher Winter
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Joint reconstructions of growth and expansion histories from stage-IV surveys with minimal assumptions. II. Modified gravity and massive neutrinos
Creators: name: Calderón, Rodrigo
name: L'Huillier, Benjamin
name: Polarski, David
name: Shafieloo, Arman
name: Starobinsky, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a formalism introduced in our previous work, we reconstruct the phenomenological function $G_{\rm eff}(z)$ describing deviations from General Relativity (GR) in a model-independent manner. In this alternative approach, we model $μ\equiv G_\mathrm{eff}/G$ as a Gaussian process and use forecasted growth-rate measurements from a stage-IV survey to reconstruct its shape for two different toy models. We follow a two-step procedure: (i) we first reconstruct the background expansion history from Supernovae (SNe) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements; (ii) we then use it to obtain the growth history $fσ_8$, that we fit to redshift-space distortions (RSD) measurements to reconstruct $G_\mathrm{eff}$. We find that upcoming surveys such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) might be capable of detecting deviations from GR, provided the dark energy behavior is accurately determined. We might even be able to constrain the transition redshift from $G\to G_\mathrm{eff}$ for some particular models. We further assess the impact of massive neutrinos on the reconstructions of $G_\mathrm{eff}$ (or $μ$) assuming the expansion history is given, and only the neutrino mass is free to vary. Given the tight constraints on the neutrino mass, and for the profiles we considered in this work, we recover numerically that the effect of such massive neutrinos does not alter our conclusions. Finally, we stress that incorrectly assuming a $Λ$CDM expansion history leads to a degraded reconstruction of $μ$, and/or a non-negligible bias in the ($Ω_\mathrm{m,0}$,$σ_{8,0}$)-plane.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
A colonial dilemma: British policy and the colonial economy of Tanganyika 1918-1938
Creators: name: Neal, Stephen
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Great Britain Colonies Africa
subject: Tanzania Politics and government
subject: Tanzania Economic conditions To 1964

description: The following work is a study of the aims and nature of British colonial policy in Tanganyika between 1918 and 1939. The two decades between the World Wars mark the period of "colonial rule proper." Colonial administrators looked forward to a long and untroubled future; the wars of conquest were largely over and colonial states were established within the African colonies. In the minds of officials Africans were backward and primitive and colonial rule appeared destined to last for a very long time. Administrators could proceed with colonial economic development - which meant turning the African colonies into a source of cheap raw materials for the benefit of European enterprise and the world market. The task of the colonial state was to guarantee that the extraction of raw materials by private enterprise would be both profitable and long-lasting. To attain these ends in Tanganyika, British administrators both in London and in Dar-es-Salaam worked on policies designed to create a permanent colonial economy within the Territory.
Plasma and breast-milk selenium in HIV-infected Malawian mothers are positively associated with infant selenium status but are not associated with maternal supplementation: results of the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition study
Creators: name: Jamieson, Denise J.
name: Bentley, Margaret E.
name: Tegha, Gerald
name: Chasela, Charles S.
name: Kamwendo, Debbie
name: Daza, Eric J.
name: Van Der Horst, Charles M.
name: Combs Jr., Gerald F.
name: Kourtis, Athena P.
name: Kayira, Dumbani
name: Flax, Valerie L.
name: Fokar, Ali
name: Adair, Linda S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Background: Selenium is found in soils and is essential for human antioxidant defense and immune function. In Malawi, low soil selenium and dietary intakes coupled with low plasma selenium concentrations in HIV infection could have negative consequences for the health of HIV-infected mothers and their exclusively breastfed infants.
A lift of West's stack-sorting map to partition diagrams
Creators: name: Campbell, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A05

description: We introduce a lifting of West's stack-sorting map $s$ to partition diagrams, which are combinatorial objects indexing bases of partition algebras. Our lifting $\mathscr{S}$ of $s$ is such that $\mathscr{S}$ behaves in the same way as $s$ when restricted to diagram basis elements in the order-$n$ symmetric group algebra as a diagram subalgebra of the partition algebra $\mathscr{P}_{n}^ξ$. We then introduce a lifting of the notion of $1$-stack-sortability, using our lifting of $s$. By direct analogy with Knuth's famous result that a permutation is $1$-stack-sortable if and only if it avoids the pattern $231$, we prove a related pattern-avoidance property for partition diagrams, as opposed to permutations, according to what we refer to as stretch-stack-sortability.
description: Submitted for publication
Asteroseismic fingerprints of rotation and mixing in the slowly pulsating B8 V star KIC 7760680
Creators: name: Pápics, P. I.
name: Tkachenko, A.
name: Aerts, C.
name: Van Reeth, T.
name: De Smedt, K.
name: Hillen, M.
name: Oestensen, R.
name: Moravveji, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first detection of a rotationally affected series consisting of 36 consecutive high-order sectoral dipole gravity modes in a slowly pulsating B (SPB) star. The results are based on the analysis of four years of virtually uninterrupted photometric data assembled with the Kepler Mission, and high-resolution spectra acquired using the HERMES spectrograph at the 1.2 meter Mercator Telescope. The spectroscopic measurements place KIC7760680 inside the SPB instability strip, near the cool edge. The photometric analysis reveals the longest unambiguous series of gravity modes of the same degree l with consecutive radial order n, that carries clear signatures of chemical mixing and rotation. With such exceptional observational constraints, this star should be considered as the Rosetta Stone of SPBs for future modelling, and bring us a step closer to the much needed seismic calibration of stellar structure models of massive stars.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, one reference updated with arxiv identifier
Combination of peridynamics and genetic algorithm based topology optimization methods for AM-friendly designs
Creators: name: Kendibilir, Abdullah
name: Polat, Mehmet Furkan
name: Cavus, Omer Safa
name: Behrouzyar, Sina Khalilvandi
name: Motlagh, Peyman Lahe
name: Koc, Bahattin
name: Kefal, Adnan
Publisher: name: Journal of Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Year: 2023

description: Topology optimization (TO) is a practical tool to generate light-weighted engineering structures for various manufacturing industries. However, manufacturing constraints and surface smoothing are still considerable challenges for TO algorithms. Existing TO frameworks utilize mechanical analysis approaches that discretize the whole domain with elements or particles. Therefore, obtained geometries from TO have been criticized for their complex shapes. In this study, we propose a coupled framework to generate AM-friendly designs which result in less support structure and higher surface quality. For this purpose, the generative topology optimization method (GTO), which uses genetic algorithm to search for the best alternative set of geometry within all the possible topology results, is coupled with the peridynamics topology optimization (PD-TO) method to evolve the PD-TO results into AM-friendly shapes. The PD-TO discretizes the problem domain using equally spaced particles during the TO process. Hence, PD-TO generates a point cloud file with relevant artificial material density values in the final state. Then, the GTO method utilizes the point cloud and material densities as an input file to achieve better final geometry. AM-friendly designs achieved from GTO are compared with the initial results obtained from PD-TO to demonstrate the efficiency and capability of the proposed method.
description: Journal of Additive Manufacturing Technologies, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): J AM Tech
Intrinsic neutron background of nuclear emulsions for directional Dark Matter searches
Creators: name: Alexandrov, A.
name: Asada, T.
name: Buonaura, A.
name: Consiglio, L.
name: D'Ambrosio, N.
name: De Lellis, G.
name: Di Crescenzo, A.
name: Di Marco, N.
name: Di Vacri, M. L.
name: Furuya, S.
name: Galati, G.
name: Gentile, V.
name: Katsuragawa, T.
name: Laubenstein, M.
name: Lauria, A.
name: Loverre, P. F.
name: Machii, S.
name: Monacelli, P.
name: Montesi, M. C.
name: Naka, T.
name: Pupilli, F.
name: Rosa, G.
name: Sato, O.
name: Strolin, P.
name: Tioukov, V.
name: Umemoto, A.
name: Yoshimoto, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments of the nuclear emulsion technology led to the production of films with nanometric silver halide grains suitable to track low energy nuclear recoils with submicrometric length. This improvement opens the way to a directional Dark Matter detection, thus providing an innovative and complementary approach to the on-going WIMP searches. An important background source for these searches is represented by neutron-induced nuclear recoils that can mimic the WIMP signal. In this paper we provide an estimation of the contribution to this background from the intrinsic radioactive contamination of nuclear emulsions. We also report the induced background as a function of the read-out threshold, by using a GEANT4 simulation of the nuclear emulsion, showing that it amounts to about 0.06 neutrons per year per kilogram, fully compatible with the design of a 10 kg$\times$year exposure.
description: Revised version
Saliency-Aware Spatio-Temporal Artifact Detection for Compressed Video Quality Assessment
Creators: name: Lin, Liqun
name: Zheng, Yang
name: Chen, Weiling
name: Lan, Chengdong
name: Zhao, Tiesong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Compressed videos often exhibit visually annoying artifacts, known as Perceivable Encoding Artifacts (PEAs), which dramatically degrade video visual quality. Subjective and objective measures capable of identifying and quantifying various types of PEAs are critical in improving visual quality. In this paper, we investigate the influence of four spatial PEAs (i.e. blurring, blocking, bleeding, and ringing) and two temporal PEAs (i.e. flickering and floating) on video quality. For spatial artifacts, we propose a visual saliency model with a low computational cost and higher consistency with human visual perception. In terms of temporal artifacts, self-attention based TimeSFormer is improved to detect temporal artifacts. Based on the six types of PEAs, a quality metric called Saliency-Aware Spatio-Temporal Artifacts Measurement (SSTAM) is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art metrics. We believe that SSTAM will be beneficial for optimizing video coding techniques.
Residency and specialties training in nutrition: a call for action
Creators: name: Lenders, Carine M.
name: McMahon, M. Molly
name: Bistrian, Bruce
name: Edwards, Marilyn S.
name: Kohlmeier, Martin
name: Deen, Darwin D.
name: Seidner, Douglas L.
name: Krebs, Nancy F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Despite evidence that nutrition interventions reduce morbidity and mortality, malnutrition, including obesity, remains highly prevalent in hospitals and plays a major role in nearly every major chronic disease that afflicts patients. Physicians recognize that they lack the education and training in medical nutrition needed to counsel their patients and to ensure continuity of nutrition care in collaboration with other health care professionals. Nutrition education and training in specialty and subspecialty areas are inadequate, physician nutrition specialists are not recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties, and nutrition care coverage by third payers remains woefully limited. This article focuses on residency and fellowship education and training in the United States and provides recommendations for improving medical nutrition education and practice.
Flat $(2,3,5)$-Distributions and Chazy's Equations
Creators: name: Randall, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the geometry of generic 2-plane fields on 5-manifolds, the local equivalence problem was solved by Cartan who also constructed the fundamental curvature invariant. For generic 2-plane fields or $(2,3,5)$-distributions determined by a single function of the form $F(q)$, the vanishing condition for the curvature invariant is given by a 6$^{\rm th}$ order nonlinear ODE. Furthermore, An and Nurowski showed that this ODE is the Legendre transform of the 7$^{\rm th}$ order nonlinear ODE described in Dunajski and Sokolov. We show that the 6$^{\rm th}$ order ODE can be reduced to a 3$^{\rm rd}$ order nonlinear ODE that is a generalised Chazy equation. The 7$^{\rm th}$ order ODE can similarly be reduced to another generalised Chazy equation, which has its Chazy parameter given by the reciprocal of the former. As a consequence of solving the related generalised Chazy equations, we obtain additional examples of flat $(2,3,5)$-distributions not of the form $F(q)=q^m$. We also give 4-dimensional split signature metrics where their twistor distributions via the An-Nurowski construction have split $G_2$ as their group of symmetries.
Serum magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium are associated with risk of incident heart failure: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Creators: name: Folsom, Aaron R.
name: Lutsey, Pamela L.
name: Alonso, Alvaro
name: Astor, Brad C.
name: Coresh, Josef
name: Loehr, Laura R.
name: Michos, Erin D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Background: Heart failure (HF) is a major source of morbidity and mortality, particularly among the elderly. Magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium are micronutrients traditionally viewed in relation to bone health or chronic kidney disease. However, they also may be associated with risk of cardiovascular disease through a broad range of physiologic roles.
Organometallic-like localization of 4d-derived spins in an inorganic conducting niobium suboxide
Creators: name: Lee, Kwan-Woo
name: Pickett, Warren E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the refined crystal structure comprised of columns of 3*4 planar blocks of NbO6 octahedra and first principles electronic structure methods, we find that orthorhombic (o)-Nb$_{12}$O$_{29}$ introduces a new class of transition metal oxide. The electronic system consists of a large Nb dimer-based localized orbital comparable in size to those in organometallic compounds, yet is tightly bound and weakly interacting with itinerant electronic bands. These local moments, a rare occurrence for Nb, form one-dimensional spin chains that criss-cross perpendicularly oriented conducting nanowires. The local moment bandwidth is comparable to what is seen in rare earth compounds with extremely localized orbitals. The microscopic origin is traced to the local structure of the NbO6 octahedra and associated orbital+spin ordering. The resulting 1D$_s$*1D$_c$ anisotropic two dimensional Heisenberg-Kondo lattice model (s=spin, c=charge) provides a strongly anisotropic spin-fermion lattice system for further study.
description: 6+ pages, 6 embedded figures
title: ICRP activities on Medical Imaging
Creators: name: Vano, Eliseo
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quality assurance
subject: Education and training
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Digital radiography
subject: CT
subject: Radiation physics
subject: Action 8 - Radiation protection training and learning material
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
subject: Action 6 - Education and training in medical radiation protection
subject: Action 3 - Optimisation, diagnostic reference levels, image quality

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: Committee 3 (Protection in Medicine) of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) develops recommendations and guidance for protection of patients, staff, and the public against radiation exposure when ionising radiation is used...
Soda consumption and risk of hip fractures in postmenopausal women in the Nurses’ Health Study
Creators: name: Feskanich, Diane
name: Katz, Jeffrey N.
name: Willett, Walter C.
name: Arasaratnam, Meredith H.
name: Fung, Teresa T.
name: Grodstein, Francine
name: Rosner, Bernard
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Background: The frequency of soda consumption remains high in the United States. Soda consumption has been associated with poor bone health in children, but few studies have examined this relation in adults, and to our knowledge, no study has examined the relation of soda consumption with risk of hip fractures.
Peridynamic investigation of surface cracks in optimality criterion-based topology optimization for additive manufacturing
Creators: name: Kendibilir, Abdullah
name: Bilgin, Mahmut Hudayi
name: Kefal, Adnan
Publisher: name: Journal of Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Year: 2023

description: Topology optimization (TO) is extensively used for reducing the weight of engineering parts that require higher performance in aerospace, automotive, and defense industries. Additive manufacturing (AM), a practical layer-by-layer material deposition process, is commonly employed to fabricate geometrically complex designs obtained from TO. However, AM processes may result in manufacturing-induced structural discontinuities (surface cracks or voids) that must be considered in the design stage. Nevertheless, most TO algorithms cannot realistically handle these structural cracks/defects since they mainly employ classical continuum-mechanics formulations combined with the finite element method (FEM). On the other hand, peridynamics (PD), a non-local meshless approach, can effectively model any structural discontinuity without the need for an additional effort by breaking non-local interactions. In this study, we combine PD and optimality criterion-based TO methods to investigate the effect of surface cracks on the three-dimensional structural design. For a comparative study, these cracks are also modeled using FEM-TO by eliminating the elements in the cracked region. Optimal geometries and total strain energies obtained from PD are compared with those from FEM for the benchmark case with/without surface cracks. Finally, the advantage of PD is revealed for modeling structural discontinuities in TO.
description: Journal of Additive Manufacturing Technologies, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): J AM Tech
Who shares COVID-19 misinformation in Australia: A science communication approach
Creators: name: Nurse, Matt
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2023

description: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many Australians encountered false information about the disease and the virus that caused it. This misinformation was often spread by other Australians without knowing, or perhaps caring, whether they were true or not. Many of these messages contained suggestions that would be harmful if adopted. There is now heightened urgency within the academic community and across public health agencies to understand why some people share this potentially harmful information with other people. Previous research has found that personal factors, like attitudes, worldviews, or a tendency to avoid analytic thinking, are associated with individual differences in misinformation-sharing behaviour. However, there is an intense academic debate about which of these factors are the most powerful predictors and for whom. Much of this debate has focused on social media, on topics of politics rather than topics of science, and has focused on other national contexts. This means that the predictors for sharing misinformation about COVID-19 in Australia through any communication channel are currently unknown. This thesis contributes to this debate in the context of COVID-19 in Australia. It finds the first evidence for the integrative account for misinformation-sharing behaviour, building on previous findings that established this account for the forming of misinformation beliefs. This integrative account suggests that an individual's tendency to engage in analytic thinking predicts their willingness to share misinformation, but this tendency is secondary to sharing information that is congruent with personal attitudes. While political orientation traditionally forms this preference component of the integrative model for political topics, this dissertation finds that conspiratorial ideation about COVID-19 is instead the most useful predictor for this topic of science. This was found both at an individual level and through an audience segmentation analysis of a quota-matched national sample. Science communication professionals may be able to use these findings to develop effective and well-targeted communication strategies and other responses aimed at discouraging the spread of false and harmful information during future infectious disease emergencies.
Effects of design parameters on surface roughness of additively manufactured thin-walled structures
Creators: name: Yoğurtçuoğlu, Vahap
name: Simsek, Ugur
name: Koc, Bahattin
Publisher: name: Journal of Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Year: 2023

description: Additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled the production of complex geometries that are not possible to be manufactured through traditional subtractive methods. Among the AM technologies, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has gained considerable attention in many engineering industries due to its capability to fabricate components with high resolution. The benefits of LPBF technology have also been utilized in the production of thin-wall structures in the aviation industry. Many internal thin-wall surfaces are retained as-build due to inapplicability of surface enhancement methods. Therefore, surface roughness of additively manufactured thin-wall structures is thoroughly sensitive to quality of AM process. This may adversely affect the mechanical properties of the end-product. Therefore, in this study, thin-wall specimens made of CoCr are fabricated through LPBF and effects of wall thickness, build angle, and angle of the laser incidence on the surface roughness are investigated. For that purpose, printed surface topologies are analyzed using a focus variation device and relationship between the control parameters and standard surface roughness metrics is presented.
description: Journal of Additive Manufacturing Technologies, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): J AM Tech
title: EPF Universal Health Coverage - Access Campaign 2017
Creators: name: Louette, Laurent
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Brachytherapy
subject: Teleradiology
subject: eHealth
subject: Action 12 - Information for and communication with patients
subject: Action 11 - Improved patient communication
subject: Quality assurance

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE EPF Campaign on Access to Healthcare #Access2030 In 2017, EPF launched a flagship campaign on access to healthcare. This theme is a long standing priority for EPF and its membership, and is at the heart...
The association of fast food consumption with poor dietary outcomes and obesity among children: is it the fast food or the remainder of the diet?
Creators: name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Poti, Jennifer M.
name: Duffey, Kiyah J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Background: Although fast food consumption has been linked to adverse health outcomes, the relative contribution of fast food itself compared with the rest of the diet to these associations remains unclear.
Effects of dietary Periplaneta americana water extract on growth, chemical composition, muscle antioxidant status, and meat quality of Nile tilapia
Creators: name: Yang, H.C.
name: Li, Y.C.
name: Wang, G.J.
name: Xie, J.
name: Yu, E.M.
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 309999
subject: Other agricultural, veterinary and food sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This study investigated the effects of dietary Periplaneta americana water extract (PAWE) supplementation (0, 1, 2, and 4 g/kg) on the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality in Nile tilapia. The results showed that the extract improved weight gaining rated of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Meanwhile, dietary PAWE decreased lactate content, glycolytic potential, centrifugal water loss, and cooking loss, and enhanced muscle pH, protein content, total sulfhydryl content and meat color in Nile tilapia muscle. Dietary PAWE also improved the total antioxidant capability with enhanced superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities and lowered contents of reactive oxygen species, and lipid and protein oxidation products (i.e. thiobarbituric acid reactive species and protein carbonylation). Moreover, dietary PAWE enhanced the contents of flavor amino acids, total amino acids, adenosine monophosphate, and 5′-inosine monophosphate with enhanced the taste indicators (umami, richness and sweetness). In addition, PAWE supplementation improved myofiber growth and muscle protein deposition likely by activating of the IGFs/PI3K/Akt/TOR/S6K1/4E-BP1 pathway, contributing to the enhanced growth performance of Nile tilapia. The optimal dietary PAWE requirement for maximum growth and muscle protein was approximately 3g/kg. Together, PAWE is a promising natural food additive that enhances muscle quality and nutritional value of Nile tilapia.
Turning point for US diets? Recessionary effects or behavioral shifts in foods purchased and consumed
Creators: name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Ng, Shu Wen
name: Slining, Meghan M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Background: In the past decade, the United States has seen declining energy intakes and plateauing obesity levels.
Functionally graded ceramics by lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM)
Creators: name: Nohut, Serkan
name: Geier, Sebastian
name: Kraleva, Irina
name: Schwentenwein, Martin
name: Bermejo, Raul
Publisher: name: Journal of Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Year: 2023

description: With the development of new industries and technological processes, the use of pure materials in sophisticated applications is decreasing due to the demand of conflicting property requirements in single component. The interest on functionally graded ceramics (FGCs) that can be used under severe service conditions with high reliability has increased parallel to demand on complex advanced ceramics in various applications. Conventional methods are not totally capable of cost-effective fabrication of near-net shape FGCs with flexible and complex gradient designs. Lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) method that works according to the principle of selective curing of photosensitive formulation according to the digital light processing (DLP) concept. The recently developed LCM multi-material printer allows fabrication of ceramic-ceramic and metal-ceramic combinations with high dimensional precision. Printing methodologies were developed to manufacture FGCs that show both discrete and continuous porosity gradient in parallel and perpendicular to deposition direction. FGC combinations were produced by developing suitable suspensions, optimizing the debinding and sintering processes according to the single material thermo-elastic properties, design, and optimization of printing processes. The main challenges and possible future possibilities in realization of FGCs by LCM will be presented.
description: Journal of Additive Manufacturing Technologies, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): J AM Tech
Understanding the patterns and trends of sodium intake, potassium intake, and sodium to potassium ratio and their effect on hypertension in China1-3
Creators: name: Du, Shufa
name: Neiman, Andrea
name: Zhang, Jiguo
name: Wang, Huijun
name: Batis, Carolina
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Popkin, Barry M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Background: Recent studies have shown inconsistent effects of sodium reduction, potassium intake, and the ratio of sodium to potassium (Na/K ratio) on hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Major gaps exist in knowledge regarding these issues in China.
title: Radiation dose estimation of digital breast tomosynthesis versus full-field digital mammography by using a dose monitoring system
Creators: name: Caramella, Davide
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Education
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast
subject: Action 6 - Clinical audit tool for imaging
subject: Action 3 - Image quality assessment based on clinical indications
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
subject: Action 4 - Quality of radiological equipment
subject: Action 3 - Optimisation, diagnostic reference levels, image quality
subject: Action 2 - Clinical audit

description: Background/Introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and Recommendations Personal/Organisational information References
description: Background/Introduction: The basic safety standards for exposure to ionizing radiation have been revised in the new European Directive 59/2013/EURATOM, which must be implemented within February 2018. The Directive promotes the commitment to a comprehensive information to...
Antiretroviral therapy provided to HIV-infected Malawian women in a randomized trial diminishes the positive effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements on breast-milk B vitamins
Creators: name: Chasela, Charles S.
name: Shahab-Ferdows, Setareh
name: Allen, Lindsay H.
name: Hampel, Daniela
name: York, Emily R.
name: Jamieson, Denise J.
name: Tegha, Gerald
name: Kamwendo, Debbie
name: Flax, Valerie L.
name: Bentley, Margaret E.
name: Adair, Linda S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Background: Little information is available on B vitamin concentrations in human milk or on how they are affected by maternal B vitamin deficiencies, antiretroviral therapy, or maternal supplementation.