cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Seigniorage, electronic money and financial independence of central banks
Creators: name: GROENEVELD, H.
name: VISSER, A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Seigniorage, e-money, central bank independence
subject: E58, G20

description: Recently, the subject of seigniorage - the revenues deriving from the monetary monopoly - has attracted the attention of academics and policy-makers. The authors discuss the reasons for this interest before undertaking a survey of the implications of a large-scale introduction of electronic money products on the seigniorage revenues and financial independence of central banks in the group of G10 countries. In countries with decreased seigniorage revenues and a high percentage of e-money the financial independence of central banks are negatively affected as a result of their inability to compensate for increasing operational expenses. Measures such as the limitation of e-money issuance and the imposition of requirements on e-money help in curtailing operational costs related to salaries, pensions, publications and banknote circulation, among others. JEL Codes: E58, G20
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 50, N. 200 (1997)
La carta e lo zig-zag. Testimonianze inedite nei più antichi registri notarili dell’Italia centro-settentrionale
Creators: name: Silla Sgarbi, Matilde
Publisher: name: Scrineum Rivista
Year: 2021

description: This paper focuses on a rarely attested codicological trait: the relevant presence of zig-zag on 13th century paper. The results are based on the examination of a large corpus of 227 notarial registers begun during the 13th century. The registers, kept in the State Archives of nine cities in Northern and Central Italy (Arezzo, Bologna, Florence, Genoa, Lucca, Pisa, Pistoia, Prato and Siena), have been studied from a codicological perspective. The quantity of registers composed of paper sheets is striking: 188 codicological units out of 227 (contained in 120 registers). Interesting details have emerged from the analysis of the paper, in particular, the number of copies whose paper contains a zig-zag, still an uncommon sign, is surprising: 21 codicological units out of 188. The analyzed units reveal a significant presence of zig-zag within the paper registers set up by Italian notaries during the 13th century, starting at an earlier date than usually assumed. Furthermore, an exhaustive examination of additional details, such as distance between chain lines, shape and dimensions, revealed a complex scenario where our data is sometimes in contrast with common knowledge.
description: Scrineum Rivista, V. 18 N. 1 (2021): Scrineum
Galaxy Power Spectrum in General Relativity
Creators: name: Grimm, Nastassia
name: Scaccabarozzi, Fulvio
name: Yoo, Jaiyul
name: Biern, Sang Gyu
name: Gong, Jinn-Ouk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the galaxy power spectrum in general relativity. Using a novel approach, we derive the galaxy power spectrum taking into account all the relativistic effects in observations. In particular, we show independently of survey geometry that relativistic effects yield no divergent terms (proportional to $k^{-4}P_m(k)$ or $k^{-2}P_m(k)$ on all scales) that would mimic the signal of primordial non-Gaussianity. This cancellation of such divergent terms is indeed expected from the equivalence principle, meaning that any perturbation acting as a uniform gravity on the scale of the experiment cannot be measured. We find that the unphysical infrared divergence obtained in previous calculations occurred only due to not considering all general relativistic contributions consistently. Despite the absence of divergent terms, general relativistic effects represented by non-divergent terms alter the galaxy power spectrum at large scales (smaller than the horizon scale). In our numerical computation of the full galaxy power spectrum, we show the deviations from the standard redshift-space power spectrum due to these non-divergent corrections. We conclude that, as relativistic effects significantly alter the galaxy power spectrum at $k\lesssim k_{eq}$, they need to be taken into account in the analysis of large-scale data.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in JCAP
An endogenous growth model with endogenous money supply. Integration of post-Keynesian growth model
Creators: name: WATANABE, K.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Endogenous money supply, Endogenous growth, fiscal and monetary policy
subject: E12

description: The work attempts to integrate the growth models by authors such as Kalecki, Harrod, Robinson and Kaldor, together with an introduction on monetary aspects, based on the endogenous money supply theory. A short-run income determination model is presented and then extended to a long-run model without assuming full employment. The steady growth rate is then investigated before dynamic aspects of the model are studied and fiscal and monetary policies are examined within a dynamic growth process. Phase diagrams for growth models are employed to to offer an explanation for the effects of short-run demand-control policies. The most important difference from previous works is the explicit introduction of a financial sector functioning as an inflation barrier. JEL Codes: E12
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 50, N. 200 (1997)
Setting conversion rates for the third stage of EMU
Creators: name: DE GRAUWE, P.
name: SPAVENTA, L.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: EMU, Conversion rates, European currency unit
subject: F02, F15

description: The work examines how the irrevocably fixed conversion rates for the currencies of countries participating in the EMU can be set. The authors recall the few provisions delineated in the Maastricht Treaty before examining the wide set of options available. If there are currencies in the ECU basket that do not participate to the single currency, setting conversion rates becomes more complicated. Moreover, the Lamfalussy rule for defining rates comports undesirable consequences. The authors conclude by proposing a multi-stage solution that is compatible with the recent Council regulation on the legal framework: announcement that the euro conversion rate will be set equal to the ECU market rate on the last day and a parallel agreement on the desired structure of bilateral rates of the inside countries. JEL Codes: F02, F15
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 50, N. 201 (1997)
Transient RFI environment of LOFAR-LBA at 72-75 MHz: Impact on ultra-widefield AARTFAAC Cosmic Explorer observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal
Creators: name: Gehlot, B. K.
name: Koopmans, L. V. E.
name: Brackenhoff, S. A.
name: Ceccotti, E.
name: Ghosh, S.
name: Höfer, C.
name: Mertens, F. G.
name: Mevius, M.
name: Munshi, S.
name: Offringa, A. R.
name: Pandey, V. N.
name: Rowlinson, A.
name: Shulevski, A.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
name: Yatawatta, S.
name: Zaroubi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement of the redshifted 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) promises to unveil a wealth of information about the astrophysical processes during the first billion years of evolution of the universe. The AARTFAAC Cosmic Explorer (ACE) utilises the AARTFAAC wide-field imager of LOFAR to measure the power spectrum of the intensity fluctuations of the redshifted 21-cm signal from the CD at z~18. The RFI from various sources contaminates the observed data and it is crucial to exclude the RFI-affected data in the analysis for reliable detection. In this work, we investigate the impact of non-ground-based transient RFI using cross-power spectra and cross-coherence metrics to assess the correlation of RFI over time and investigate the level of impact of transient RFI on the ACE 21-cm power spectrum estimation. We detected moving sky-based transient RFI sources that cross the field of view within a few minutes and appear to be mainly from aeroplane communication beacons at the location of the LOFAR core in the 72-75 MHz band, by inspecting filtered images. This transient RFI is mostly uncorrelated over time and is only expected to dominate over the thermal noise for an extremely deep integration time of 3000 hours or more with a hypothetical instrument that is sky temperature dominated at 75 MHz. We find no visible correlation over different k-modes in Fourier space in the presence of noise for realistic thermal noise scenarios. We conclude that the sky-based transient RFI from aeroplanes, satellites and meteorites at present does not pose a significant concern for the ACE analyses at the current level of sensitivity and after integrating over the available 500 hours of observed data. However, it is crucial to mitigate or filter such transient RFI for more sensitive experiments aiming for significantly deeper integration.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, and 3 tables; accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A)
Constraining the top-light initial mass function in the extended ultraviolet disk of M83
Creators: name: Rautio, R. P. V.
name: Watkins, A. E.
name: Salo, H.
name: Venhola, A.
name: Knapen, J. H.
name: Comerón, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The universality or non-universality of the initial mass function (IMF) has significant implications for determining star formation rates and star formation histories from photometric properties of stellar populations. We reexamine whether the IMF is deficient in high-mass stars (top-light) in the low-density environment of the outer disk of M83 and constrain the shape of the IMF therein. Using archival Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) far ultraviolet (FUV) and near ultraviolet (NUV) data and new deep OmegaCAM narrowband H$α$ imaging, we constructed a catalog of FUV-selected objects in the outer disk of M83. We counted H$α$-bright clusters and clusters that are blue in FUV$-$NUV in the catalog, measured the maximum flux ratio $F_{\mathrm{H}α}/f_{λ\mathrm{FUV}}$ among the clusters, and measured the total flux ratio $ΣF_{\mathrm{H}α}/Σf_{λ\mathrm{FUV}}$ over the catalog. We then compared these measurements to predictions from stellar population synthesis models made with a standard Salpeter IMF, truncated IMFs, and steep IMFs. We also investigated the effect of varying the assumed internal extinction on our results. We are not able to reproduce our observations with models using the standard Salpeter IMF or the truncated IMFs. It is only when assuming an average internal extinction of $0.10 < A_{\mathrm{V}} < 0.15$ in the outer disk stellar clusters that models with steep IMFs ($α> 3.1$) simultaneously reproduce the observed cluster counts, the maximum observed $F_{\mathrm{H}α}/f_{λ\mathrm{FUV}}$, and the observed $ΣF_{\mathrm{H}α}/Σf_{λ\mathrm{FUV}}$. Our results support a non-universal IMF that is deficient in high-mass stars in low-density environments.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures, accepted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
Relatively Compact Sets of Heisenberg Manifolds
Creators: name: Boldt, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58D27, 22E25

description: We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a set of left invariant metrics on a compact Heisenberg manifold to be relatively compact in the corresponding moduli space.
European Monetary Union: an old Keynesian guide to issues
Creators: name: PALLEY, T.I.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: European monetary union, European central bank, Optimal currency area, Sovereign monetary policy
subject: E5, F3, F4, F02

description: The work adopts an old Keynesian perspective to evaluate the EMU. Such a perspective raises concerns with the effectiveness of monetary policy, the feasibility of monetary policy, and the political economy of monetary policy. The EMU brings with it institutional lock-in, and therefore needs to be evaluated with a long term perspective. Whether or not to join the EMU depends on whether effective sovereign monetary policy is feasible now and in the future, whether the EMU constitutes an optimal currency area, and whether the proposed European Central Bank will have an appropriate institutional design. If formed, the EMU should create institutions which promote expansionary policies and empower the conduct of sovereign European monetary policy. JEL Codes: E5, F3, F4, F02
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 50, N. 201 (1997)
Additional file 3 of Genomic characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum DSM 20052
Creators: name: Brandt, Katelyn
name: Nethery, Matthew A.
name: O’Flaherty, Sarah
name: Barrangou, Rodolphe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Results of a NCBI Conserved Domain Search of the GC island at 1550kpb in L. fermentum DSM 20052.
Mexico’s crisis: financial modernisation and financial fragility
Creators: name: LÓPEZ, G. J.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Financial modernisation, Financial fragility, Mexican exchange-rate crisis
subject: G01

description: The work seeks to analyse Mexico’s recent exchange-rate crisis in relation to the debate on financial modernisation and external financial fragility. The author reviews some key features of Mexico’s 1988-1994 economic recovery before analysing some aspects of the country’s evolution in the light of the financial modernisation debate. An explanation of the crisis in which Mexico’s external financial fragility is emphasised is provided. Finally, the relationship between financial modernisation and the external crisis is examined. A number of conclusions are reached about Mexico's experiences in attempting to achieve satisfactory and sustainable growth rates. JEL Codes: G01
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 50, N. 201 (1997)
Additional file 1 of Low phosphatase activity of LiaS and strong LiaR-DNA affinity explain the unusual LiaS to LiaR in vivo stoichiometry
Creators: name: Jani, Shailee
name: Sterzenbach, Karen
name: Adatrao, Vijaya
name: Tajbakhsh, Ghazal
name: Mascher, Thorsten
name: Golemi-Kotra, Dasantila
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Purification of LiaS and LiaR.
Entry deterring effects of contractual relations in the dairy processing sector
Creators: name: Zavelberg, Yvonne
name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Wieck, Christine
name: Zavelberg, Yvonne
name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Wieck, Christine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Entry deterrence
subject: imperfect competition
subject: buyer power
subject: exclusive contracts
subject: dairy processing

description: The European Commission has launched the so-called “milk package” in October 2012 that allows Member States to require compulsory written contracts between milk producers and investor-owned processors. We argue that compulsory contracts have anticompetitive effects when they are exclusive in the sense that they comprise the obligation to supply to the contractor only. The objective of this paper is to set up a game theoretic model to analyze imperfect competition on the raw milk market that may result from entry deterring effects of exclusive contracts between dairy producers and processors. Building on the antitrust literature, the model incorporates the specific characteristics of the milk market and considers the risk attitude of milk producers and uncertainty of a rival dairy’s market entry. Under certain combinations of probability of the rival’s market entry and risk aversion of the producer, an incumbent can deter market entry by offering an exclusive contract.
Additional file 1 of Genomic characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum DSM 20052
Creators: name: Brandt, Katelyn
name: Nethery, Matthew A.
name: O’Flaherty, Sarah
name: Barrangou, Rodolphe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Results of a NCBI Conserved Domain Search of the GC island at 180kpb in L. fermentum DSM 20052.
Socio-economic benefits from non-agricultural economic activity conducted by farmers
Creators: name: Ostromęcki, Artur
name: Mantaj, Andrzej
name: Ostromęcki, Artur
name: Mantaj, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: farming family
subject: benefit
subject: agricultural holding
subject: farm

description: The paper aims at identifying and assessing the opinions of farmers concerning the socio-economic benefits from non-agricultural activity they conduct towards their agricultural holding, farming family and rural areas on the territory where these units operate. The empirical material for the paper was provided by surveys carried out in 2011-2012, i.e. questionnaire-based interview, among 210 farmers – owners of individual agricultural holdings – running additional non-agricultural economic activity from the area of south-eastern Poland, namely the following three voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie, Małopolskie and Podkarpackie. The classification of the surveyed farms into two groups, which was based on the conditions of the aforementioned opinions, and analysis of differences in the assessment of benefits between these groups, using the Mann-Whitney test, allowed to define the key determinants of farmers’ opinions on the socio-economic significance of the non-agricultural economic activity they conduct. An important determinant was the share of income from non-agricultural economic activity of farmers in the structure of their family’s sources of income. The surveys showed that, in the opinion of farmers, the higher the ratio for the share, the greater the significance of the analysed socio-economic benefits following from non-agricultural activity conducted by them.
Additional file 2 of Genomic characterization of Lactobacillus fermentum DSM 20052
Creators: name: Brandt, Katelyn
name: Nethery, Matthew A.
name: O’Flaherty, Sarah
name: Barrangou, Rodolphe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Results of a NCBI Conserved Domain Search of the GC island at 760kpb in L. fermentum DSM 20052.
Food market diversification approach - Lithuanian case
Creators: name: Drozdz, Jolanta
name: Volkov, Artiom
name: Drozdz, Jolanta
name: Volkov, Artiom
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: market diversification
subject: agri-food products
subject: foreign trade
subject: exports
subject: imports
subject: export geography
subject: product diversification
subject: Ansoff matrix
subject: Lithuanian agri-food exports
subject: international trade

description: The paper analyses the main opportunities and threats coming from dynamic changes in international trade development for the agricultural and food sector in Lithuania. It addresses the problem of market diversification in Lithuanian agriculture and food sector focusing mainly on: analysis of the Lithuanian trade before and after the EU accession, investigation of the dynamics of international trade flows in agri-food products, comparison of export geography of Lithuanian agri-food products before and after the accession, orientation of the exporters of agri-food products at international markets. To this end, the authors use statistical quantitative analysis which was supplemented with qualitative analysis of experts from both the public and private sector. The questionnaire for experts comprised questions investigating the current situation of the company; export share, future plans and orientation at the foreign markets, product development perspectives and market diversification strategies.
Unterrichtsqualität im Fernunterricht. Eine explorative Untersuchung der Einschätzung von Unterrichtsqualität durch Lehrpersonen und heilpädagogische Fachpersonen
Creators: name: Frey, Beatrice
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Unterrichtsqualität
Schulschliessung
Covid-19
Masterarbeit

description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ausgehend von der Auseinandersetzung mit der Theorie zur Unterrichtsqualität sowie ersten Untersuchungen zu den Auswirkungen der durch Covid – 19 indizierten Schulschliessung ein Fragebogen konstruiert. Mittels der zehn Merkmale guten Unterrichts nach Meyer (2014) wurde die Einschätzung der Unterrichtsqualität aus der Sicht von Lehrpersonen und heilpädagogischen Fachpersonen in der Gemeinde Wetzikon ZH erhoben. Merkmale der Basisdimension «konstruktive Unterstützung» wurden höher eingeschätzt, als Merkmale der Basisdimensionen «Klassenführung» und «kognitive Aktivierung». Dies deutet darauf hin, dass der Lernfortschritt im Gegensatz zur Aufrechterhaltung einer guten Beziehung und eines positiven Klimas im Fernunterricht weniger im Fokus stand. Die Ergebnisse werden auch in Bezug auf Chancengerechtigkeit diskutiert.
Chancen und Risiken digitaler Lernformen im Kontext von (In)Equity. Ein literarisches Review
Creators: name: Mösch, Silja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
digitale Lehrmittel
chancengerechter Unterricht
Masterarbeit

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit untersucht den aktuellen Forschungsstand zum chancengerechten Einsatz digitaler Lernmittel in der Schule. Die Literaturarbeit geht folgenden Fragen nach: «Welche Chancen und Risiken bergen digitale Lernmittel in Bezug auf Equity? Welche Handlungsmöglichkeiten ergeben sich daraus für schulische Fachpersonen?» Dazu wird die Ausgangslage zur Equity-Forschung allgemein und bezüglich digitaler Medien skizziert, es werden aktuelle Studien analysiert und Überlegungen zu den Implikationen der Forschungserkenntnisse für die Praxis angestellt. Digitale Lernmittel können als Ressource für chancengerechten Unterricht genutzt werden, wenn die Rahmenbedingungen stimmen; eine passende Infrastruktur besteht, Lehrpersonen gut ausgebildet sind und digitale Lernmittel mit einer positiven Haltung didaktisch überlegt in den Unterricht integriert werden.
Twisted Quadrics and Algebraic Submanifolds in $\mathbb{R}^n$
Creators: name: Fiore, Gaetano
name: Franco, Davide
name: Weber, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a general procedure to construct noncommutative deformations of an algebraic submanifold $M$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$, specializing the procedure [G. Fiore, T. Weber, Twisted submanifolds of $\mathbb{R}^n$, arXiv:2003.03854] valid for smooth submanifolds. We use the framework of twisted differential geometry of Aschieri et al. (Class. Quantum Grav. 23, 1883-1911, 2006), whereby the commutative pointwise product is replaced by the $\star$-product determined by a Drinfel'd twist. We actually simultaneously construct noncommutative deformations of all the algebraic submanifolds $M_c$ that are level sets of the $f^a(x)$, where $f^a(x)=0$ are the polynomial equations solved by the points of $M$, employing twists based on the Lie algebra $Ξ_t$ of vector fields that are tangent to all the $M_c$. The twisted Cartan calculus is automatically equivariant under twisted $Ξ_t$. If we endow $\mathbb{R}^n$ with a metric, then twisting and projecting to normal or tangent components commute, projecting the Levi-Civita connection to the twisted $M$ is consistent, and in particular a twisted Gauss theorem holds, provided the twist is based on Killing vector fields. Twisted algebraic quadrics can be characterized in terms of generators and $\star$-polynomial relations. We explicitly work out deformations based on abelian or Jordanian twists of all quadrics in $\mathbb{R}^3$ except ellipsoids, in particular twisted cylinders embedded in twisted Euclidean $\mathbb{R}^3$ and twisted hyperboloids embedded in twisted Minkowski $\mathbb{R}^3$ [the latter are twisted (anti-)de Sitter spaces $dS_2$, $AdS_2$].
description: Latex file, 50 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2003.03854
Information technologies in the development of small rural business sector
Creators: name: Kaleta, Andrzej
name: Kaleta, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: International Development
subject: small rural business sector
subject: e-learning
subject: SME sector
subject: trainings
subject: ICT
subject: rural areas
subject: services
subject: rural business
subject: system change

description: Making the SME sector a leading element of the structure of the modern, i.e. highly innovative, rural economy is possible under some conditions. Enterprises situated in rural areas have to, above all, function in as wide-ranging services sector as possible, they have to introduce networking to different dimensions of their activity and, most of all, they have to create conditions for continuous enhancement of knowledge and skills of their employees. Each of the aforementioned conditions requires extensive use of information technologies. Unfortunately, according to research, only a small share of rural entrepreneurs in Europe seems to be sufficiently aware of the fact. Their rather widespread belief that a mobile phone and a computer with Internet access are absolutely necessary to run a rural business, goes hand in hand with a lack of awareness of the link between innovativeness and the use of the online education system (e-learning), which guarantees universal and affordable access to knowledge both to the entrepreneurs and to their employees.
Functions of rural areas and their development
Creators: name: Niedzielski, Eugeniusz
name: Niedzielski, Eugeniusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: functions of rural areas
subject: economic functions
subject: afforestation
subject: non-agricultural economic activity
subject: environmental function
subject: biodiversity
subject: social and cultural functions
subject: quantitative and qualitative changes
subject: development

description: The article contains an overview of rural areas’ functions according to different criteria and an analysis of changes of these functions in the context of rural areas’ development. Declining role of agriculture with the growing role of other economic functions in these areas is accompanied by the growing importance of social and environmental functions. This is reflected, inter alia, in the development of settlements in rural areas, increasing ecological awareness, for the sake of landscaping and bio- diversity, and in the development of technical and social infrastructure and the activity of local communities.
Agriculture in the podlaskie voivodeship after 10 years in the EU at the background of Poland
Creators: name: Madej, Andrzej
name: Madej, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Podlaskie Voivodeship
subject: production potential
subject: agriculture
subject: LFA
subject: natural conditions
subject: crop production
subject: valuation of agricultural acreage
subject: dairy cattle
subject: commercial production
subject: accession to the EU

description: Transformation to a market economy in 1990 and accession to the European Union in 2004 had a big impact on the functioning of our agricultural sector and the organisation of farms in Poland, and in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. The aim of the paper is to try to determine the organisation changes and processes of production concentration in Podlaskie agriculture on the background of Poland in 2002-2012. Use of agricultural production potential in Podlaskie is determined by environmental, economic and organisational conditions. Positive changes in Podlaskie region in the period of 2002-2012 include progressive specialisation in animal production, particularly in dairy cattle. In 2012, the share of livestock in commercial agricultural production was 89.3%, including 59.3% for milk production. The direction of these changes shows good use of adverse environmental conditions for agriculture in the region.
Spielen(d) lernen mit «Tante Dilemma». Ein personalisiertes Spiel zur Wiedererlangung der Handlungs- und Lernmotivation für Schülerinnen und Schüler in separierten Sonderschul-Klassen
Creators: name: Cathomen, Claudio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Lernmotivation
Spiel
Masterarbeit

description: Schülerinnen und Schüler mit Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, welche nach einem Schulausschluss in eine separierte Sonderschule zugewiesen werden, bekunden oft Mühe, sich wieder auf schulische Tätigkeiten einzulassen und sich aktiv in den Unterricht einzubringen. Damit sie die Motivation zum lernenden Handeln zurückerlangen und wieder Sinn und Freude am Schulbesuch erleben, gilt es, ihre Interessen anzusprechen und Lern- und Arbeitsformen zu entwickeln, welche in oft heterogen zusammengesetzten Sonderschulklassen einsetzbar sind. Eine theoretische Basis liefert hierfür eine nähere Betrachtung von verweigerndem Verhalten sowie die Selbstbestimmungstheorie der Motivation.
 Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Entwicklung eines Karten-Brett-Spiels, bei welchem die partizipative Personalisierung der Karten die eigenen Interessen der Schülerinnen und Schüler ansprechen soll, mit dem Ziel, ihre Handlungs- und Lernbereitschaft zu animieren. In der Evaluation wird aufgezeigt, dass dies tatsächlich gelingen kann.
Spin dynamics in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions with rigorous angular momentum conservation
Creators: name: Liu, Rong-Jun
name: Xu, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have revisited the spin dynamics in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions based on the improved spin- and isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, particularly with the constraint of rigorous angular momentum conservation incorporated. We have studied the spin polarization of free nucleons and tritons/$^3$He as well as the spin alignment of deuterons, and predicted the flow splittings for their different spin states. We have also demonstrated that the spin-dependent potential may enhance dissipations and thus have a non-negligible effect on the spin-averaged transverse flow at low collision energies. When rigorous angular momentum conservation in each spin-dependent nucleon-nucleon collision is incorporated, it affects the overall dynamics, the flow, and also the spin polarization, while the effects of the spin-orbit potential on the spin-related observables are still appreciable. The well-developed SIBUU model could be further extended to include hyperons or vector mesons, or used as a hadronic afterburner for spin-related studies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, with more inelastic channels incorporated in the future.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Unit costs of and income from selected products in 2013 - research results in the AGROKOSZTY system
Creators: name: Skarżyńska, Aldona
name: Skarżyńska, Aldona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Polish FADN
subject: AGROKOSZTY system
subject: production value
subject: income from activity
subject: production scale
subject: production profitability
subject: labour-intensity
subject: crop production
subject: livestock production

description: In 2013, the research covered: winter wheat, winter rye, spring barley, winter rape and live pigs. Results of activities were analysed at farms running small-, medium- and large-scale production. Although the production volume, recognised as small, medium and large, is of relative nature, the research results provide a premise for the selection of production scale able to ensure a fairly high production efficiency. Analysis in groups of farms, selected according to production scale, showed that production profitability (ratio of production value to direct costs and overheads in total) at large scale was always higher than at small scale. The advantage of large scale was: for winter wheat – 6.4 pp, winter rye – 3.6 pp, spring barley – 6.9 pp, winter rape – 11.3 pp, and live pigs – 16.7 pp. The positive effect of scale impact on economic results is evident. Above all, labour-intensity of production dropped along with an increase in scale, which had a positive impact on the level of income per 1 hour of own labour and, consequently, its degree of coverage. In case of crop production activity, farmer’s labour inputs were covered in all scale ranges, but at significantly higher level at large and medium scale than at small scale. In 2013, production of live pigs in most of the farms from the research sample was unprofitable, which means that revenues failed to fully cover the production costs. However, in each group there were farms where live pigs were profitable, the highest share of such farms was noted at large scale of pigs for fattening – 47%, against 17% at medium scale and 9% at small scale of production.
Trade flows as a channel for the transmission of business cycles
Creators: name: BERK, J.M.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Business cycle, trade flows, cyclical interdependence
subject: F02, F10, F44

description: The interdependence between business cycles of different countries has grown in recent decades. Many factors act as conductors of cyclical fluctuations between countries. In this context, the influence of trade flows in the global transmission of business cycles is examined. The author aims to identify empirically the line of causality of international cyclical movements as suggested by trade flows, presenting an estimate of the quantitive importance of trade flows as transmission channel. JEL Codes: F02, F10, F44
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 50, N. 201 (1997)
Problem of capitalisation of subsidies in agriculture
Creators: name: Góral, Justyna
name: Kulawik, Jacek
name: Góral, Justyna
name: Kulawik, Jacek
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: agricultural land prices
subject: direct payments
subject: decoupled support
subject: land rent
subject: CAP reform
subject: capitalisation of subsidies
subject: Agriculture
subject: rental rates

description: The capitalisation of the subsidies is a process of depositing them in the rental rates, prices of farmland and values of farm’s assets. For example, the capitalisation of direct payments is the part of rent increase due to the introduction of these payments. Generally, it is evaluated as a negative impact, which may be in conflict with the improvement of competitiveness of farms. The capitalisation of support is a major source of inefficiency of direct transfers to agriculture, particularly those designed to improve the income situation of farmers. Empirical studies differ as to the level of capitalisation, its mechanisms, dynamics and conditions. To sum up the foregoing and the results of previous studies, it is clear that the capitalisation of subsidies in agriculture is a fact. Its source, nature, intensity and consequences are conditioned in many ways.
Unified Treatment of null and Spatial Infinity IV: Angular Momentum at Null and Spatial Infinity
Creators: name: Ashtekar, Abhay
name: Khera, Neev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a companion paper we introduced the notion of asymptotically Minkowski spacetimes. These space-times are asymptotically flat at both null and spatial infinity, and furthermore there is a harmonious matching of limits of certain fields as one approaches $i^\circ$ in null and space-like directions. These matching conditions are quite weak but suffice to reduce the asymptotic symmetry group to a Poincaré group $\mathfrak{p}_{i^\circ}$. Restriction of $\mathfrak{p}_{i^\circ}$ to future null infinity $\mathscr{I}^{+}$ yields the canonical Poincaré subgroup $\mathfrak{p}^{\rm bms}_{i^\circ}$ of the BMS group $\mathfrak{B}$ selected in the companion paper and its restriction to spatial infinity $i^\circ$ gives the canonical subgroup $\mathfrak{p}^{\rm spi}_{i^\circ}$ of the Spi group $\mathfrak{S}$ there. As a result, one can meaningfully compare angular momentum that has been defined at $i^\circ$ using $\mathfrak{p}^{\rm spi}_{i^\circ}$ with that defined on $\mathscr{I}^{+}$ using $\mathfrak{p}^{\rm bms}_{i^\circ}$. We show that the angular momentum charge at $i^\circ$ equals the sum of the angular momentum charge at any 2-sphere cross-section $S$ of $\mathscr{I}^{+}$ and the total flux of angular momentum radiated across the portion of $\mathscr{I}^{+}$ to the past of $S$. In general the balance law holds only when angular momentum refers to ${\rm SO(3)}$ subgroups of the Poincaré group $\mathfrak{p}_{i^\circ}$.
description: Version to appear in JHEP. Slightly edited to improve the presentation. Four references added. 30 pages, 1 figure
Passage through exceptional point: Case study
Creators: name: Znojil, Miloslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is conjectured that the exceptional-point (EP) singularity of a one-parametric quasi-Hermitian $N$ by $N$ matrix Hamiltonian $H(t)$ can play the role of a quantum phase-transition interface connecting different dynamical regimes of a unitary quantum system. Six realizations of the EP-mediated quantum phase transitions "of the third kind" are described in detail. Fairly realistic Bose-Hubbard (BH) and discrete anharmonic oscillator (AO) models of any matrix dimension $N$ are considered in the initial, intermediate, or final phase. In such a linear algebraic illustration of the changes of phase, all ingredients (and, first of all, all transition matrices) are constructed in closed, algebraic, non-numerical form.
description: 19 pages
Nuclear level density from relativistic density functional theory and combinatorial method
Creators: name: Jiang, Xiao-Fei
name: Wu, Xin-Hui
name: Zhao, Peng-Wei
name: Meng, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear level density is calculated with the combinatorial method based on the relativistic density functional theory including pairing correlations. The Strutinsky method is adopted to smooth the total state density in order to refine the prediction at low excitation energy. The impacts of pairing correlations and moments of inertia on the nuclear level density are discussed in detail. Taking $\mathrm{^{112}Cd}$ as an example, it is demonstrated that the nuclear level density based on the relativistic density functional PC-PK1 can reproduce the experimental data at the same level as or even better than the previous approaches.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 3 of Development of a clinical decision tool to reduce diagnostic testing for primary aldosteronism in patients with difficult-to-control hypertension
Creators: name: Kleef, Monique E. A. M. Van
name: Visseren, Frank L. J.
name: Westerink, Jan
name: Bots, Michiel L.
name: Blankestijn, Peter J.
name: Graaf, Yolanda Van Der
name: Spiering, Wilko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Test characteristics and proportion of patients spared intensive testing resulting from sensitivity analysis.
Emission Redshift in DCM2-Doped Alq$_{3}$ Caused by Non-Linear Stark Shifts and Förster-Mediated Exciton Diffusion
Creators: name: Candiotto, Graziâni
name: Giro, Ronaldo
name: Horta, Bruno A. C.
name: Rosselli, Flávia P.
name: de Cicco, Marcelo
name: Achete, Carlos A.
name: Cremona, Marco
name: Capaz, Rodrigo B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) devices in the archetype small molecule fluorescent guest-host system tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq$_{3}$) doped with 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-julolidyl-9-enyl-4H-pyran (DCM2) displays a redshift in light-emission frequency which is extremely sensitive to the dopant concentration. This effect can be used to tune the emission frequency in this particular class of OLEDs. In this work, a model is proposed to describe this effect using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) quantum-chemical calculations and stochastic simulations of exciton diffusion via a Förster mechanism. The results show that the permanent dipole moments of the Alq$_{3}$ molecules generate random electric fields that are large enough to cause a non-linear Stark shift in the band gap of neighboring DCM2 molecules. As a consequence of these non-linear shifts, a non-Gaussian probability distribution of highest-occupied molecular orbital to lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gaps for the DCM2 molecules in the Alq$_{3}$ matrix is observed, with long exponential tails to the low-energy side. Surprisingly, this probability distribution of DCM2 HOMO-LUMO gaps is virtually independent of DCM2 concentration into Alq$_{3}$ matrix, at least up to a fraction of 10%. This study shows that this distribution of gaps, combined with out-of-equilibrium exciton diffusion among DCM2 molecules, are sufficient to explain the experimentally observed emission redshift.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
title: Gradient flows in general metric and Wasserstein spaces
Creators: name: Forkert, Dominik Leopold
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wasserstein Space
subject: Length Space
subject: Optimal Transport
subject: Gradient Flow

description: In this thesis we approach gradient flows in metric spaces which are not necessarily endowed with a natural linear structure. The first part is an introduction to the theory in abstract metric spaces: We present three possible generalizations of gradient flows to the metric setting and investigate uniqueness and contraction properties of the various notions. However, an existence theory may not easily be archived at this level of generality. Therefore, we content ourselves by presenting only the principal definitions of the so-called minimizing movements scheme which provides a variational interpolation technique for gradient flows in the metric setting. In the second part of this thesis we deal with gradient flows in Wasserstein spaces. We introduce the theory of optimal transportation. We focus on the Kantorovich problem which is a relaxation of the Monge problem. Specifically, we show that the Kantorovich problem admits an optimal solution under very general assumptions. Moreover, one may utilize the theory of optimal transportation to define a family of metrics on a certain subset in the class of probability measures on a metric space. The resulting family of metric spaces, called Wasserstein spaces, inherit to a great extend the topological and geometrical structure of the underlying metric space. We give proof to an existence result of gradient flows in the quadratic Wasserstein space, employing the aforementioned minimizing movements scheme. This result allows comprehensive application of gradient flows in the field of partial differential equations. In a concluding example we show the main ideas applied to the heat equation.
What went wrong? The evolution of the IMF 1941-1961
Creators: name: PRESSNELL, L.S.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: International Monetary Fund, Monetary policy, International economic cooperation
subject: F02, F33

description: Despite its promising start in 1946-47, the new IMF soon ceased to fulfil its expected role for almost nine years. An exploration is provided for the latter in the wider context of international economic cooperation. It was not until 1961 that the Fund's intended status as 'the focal point of monetary decisions' was really achieved. JEL Codes: F02, F33
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 50, N. 201 (1997)
The human factor and systemic risk: a memento
Creators: name: SARCINELLI, M.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Financial crises, systemic risk, globalisation, risk containment
subject: G01, G32

description: Charles Kindleberger once described international financial crises as an “evergreen”. Indeed, looking back over the last 400 years it is hard not to get a sense of their regularity or invincible fate. However, the current structural market transformations taking place in the wake of globalisation call for an analysis of the fresh roots of that “evergreen” of systemic risk. The author offers some semantic and theoretical premises before looking into the role of the human factor in the prevention and control of a crisis from spreading from an isolated case to the system as a whole. Cases are described in which organisational consistency and the quality of corporate governance, shared purposes and a common culture, and sufficient transparency are important to containing systemic risk and curbing panics. JEL Codes: G01, G32
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 50, N. 202 (1997)