cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fast, Cheap and Good: Lightweight Methods Are Undervalued
Creators: name: Shostack, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.10; D.2.2

description: Engineering techniques to address the endless parade of security issues are an important area of research. Properties of practices in industrial use are rarely studied. Security workers satisfice. There is a widespread perception that security work must be cumbersome, and thus there's no value to assessing levels of effort. This is complemented by a belief that the nth day of work will produce value equal to the first. These perceptions impact both practice and research. This paper expands the acceptable paradigms for security analysis to include the fast, cheap and good enough. "Nothing" is often enough for industry. This paper makes a case for valuing lightweight ("fast and cheap") methods, presents a set of case studies and evaluation criteria for such tools, including card decks and role playing games.
description: 9 pages, one figure
$ΔL = 3$ processes: Proton decay and LHC
Creators: name: Fonseca, Renato M.
name: Hirsch, Martin
name: Srivastava, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss lepton number violation in three units. From an effective field theory point of view, $ΔL=3$ processes can only arise from dimension 9 or higher operators. These operators also violate baryon number, hence many of them will induce proton decay. Given the high dimensionality of these operators, in order to have a proton half-life in the observable range, the new physics associated to $ΔL=3$ processes should be at a scale as low as 1 TeV. This opens up the possibility of searching for such processes not only in proton decay experiments but also at the LHC. In this work we analyze the relevant $d=9,11,13$ operators which violate lepton number in three units. We then construct one simple concrete model with interesting low- and high-energy phenomenology.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, Published Version
COVID-19 Analytics in Jupyter: Intuitive Provenance Integration using ProvIt
Creators: name: Chapman, Martin
name: Fairweather, Elliot
name: Asfand Khan
name: Curcin, Vasa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: It is important to record the impact of users and processes on the evolution of data, to enable future analysis. Provenance provides us with a means to capture this rich data. The application of provenance tools is often considered to be reserved for specialists. ProvIt provides a suite of tools for use by non-specialists to add provenance capabilities to a system. ProvIt is used to add provenance capabilities to the Jupyter development environment. The provenance-enabled environment is used to capture the actions of a group of researchers analysing a COVID-19 dataset at King's College London between 2020 and 2021. The specific use case of importing a software library is focussed on. 923 notebook states are captured. The resulting substitutions can be queried to better understand, and thus reproduce, the researchers' actions against the target dataset.
Localization of Growth Sites in DLA Clusters: Multifractality and Multiscaling
Creators: name: Lee, Jysoo
name: Schwarzer, Stefan
name: Coniglio, Antonio
name: Stanely, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growth of a diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) cluster with mass $M$ and radius of gyration $R$ is described by a set of growth probabilities $\{ p_i\}$, where $p_i$ is the probability that the perimeter site $i$ will be the next to grow. We introduce the joint distribution $N(α, x, M)$, where $N(α,x,M)dαdx$ is the number of perimeter sites with $α$-values in the range $α\le α_i \le α+dα$ (``$α$-sites'') and located in the annulus [x, x+dx] around the cluster seed. Here, $α_i \equiv -\ln p_i / \ln R$ if $p_i>0$, $x\equiv r_i/R$, and $r_i$ is the distance of site $i$ from the seed of the DLA cluster. We use $N(α,x,M)$ to relate multifractal and multiscaling properties of DLA. In particular, we find that for large $M$ the location of the $α$-sites is peaked around a fixed value $\bar x(α)$; in contrast, the perimeter sites with $p_i=0$ are uniformly distributed over the DLA cluster.
description: 25 pages, REVTeX, 12 figures avaliable upon request, HLRZ preprint 29/93
Revealing representative day-types in transport networks using traffic data clustering
Creators: name: Cebecauer, Matej
name: Jenelius, Erik
name: Gundlegård, David
name: Burghout, Wilco
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Recognition of spatio-temporal traffic patterns at the network-wide level plays an important role in data-driven intelligent transport systems (ITS) and is a basis for applications such as short-term prediction and scenario-based traffic management. Common practice in the transport literature is to rely on well-known general unsupervised machine-learning methods (e.g., k-means, hierarchical, spectral, DBSCAN) to select the most representative structure and number of day-types based solely on internal evaluation indices. These are easy to calculate but are limited since they only use information in the clustered dataset itself. In addition, the quality of clustering should ideally be demonstrated by external validation criteria, by expert assessment or the performance in its intended application. The main contribution of this paper is to test and compare the common practice of internal validation with external validation criteria represented by the application to short-term prediction, which also serves as a proxy for more general traffic management applications. When compared to external evaluation using short-term prediction, internal evaluation methods have a tendency to underestimate the number of representative day-types needed for the application. Additionally, the paper investigates the impact of using dimensionality reduction. By using just 0.1% of the original dataset dimensions, very similar clustering and prediction performance can be achieved, with up to 20 times lower computational costs, depending on the clustering method. K-means and agglomerative clustering may be the most scalable methods, using up to 60 times fewer computational resources for very similar prediction performance to the p-median clustering.
New and Known Moving Groups And Clusters Identified in a Gaia Co-Moving Catalog
Creators: name: Faherty, Jacqueline K
name: Bochanski, John J.
name: Gagne, Jonathan
name: Nelson, Olivia
name: Coker, Kristina
name: Smithka, Iliya
name: Desir, Deion
name: Vasquez, Chelsea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a re-organization of the Oh et al. (2017b) (Oh17) wide, co-moving catalog of 4,555 groups of stars (10,606 individual objects) identified in the Tycho Gaia Astrometric Survey (TGAS) into new and known co evolving groups of stars in the Milky Way. We use the BANYAN Σ kinematic analysis tool to identify 1,015 individual stars in the Oh17 catalog that yielded a >80% probability in one of 27 known associations (e.g. the AB Doradus moving group, Columba, Upper Scorpius) in the vicinity of the Sun. Among the 27 groups uncovered by Oh17 that had > 10 connected components, we find that 6 are newly discovered. We use a combination of Tycho, Gaia, 2MASS, WISE, Galex, and ROSAT photometry as well as Gaia parallaxes to determine that these new groups are likely older than the Pleiades but younger than ~1 Gyr. Using isochrone fitting we find that the majority of these new groups have solar type stars and solar type metallicity. Among the 35 Oh17 groups with 5 - 9 members, we find that 19 also appear new and co-moving, with one group well within 100pc (range of 77 - 90 pc). For known star forming regions, open clusters, and moving groups identified by Oh17, we find that the majority were broken up into pieces over several Oh17 groups (e.g. Lower Centaurus Crux members are spread over 26 Oh17 groups) however we found no correlation with positions of the groups on color magnitude diagrams therefore no substructure of the association correlated with the Oh17 designated group. We find that across the 27 groups tested by BANYAN Σ there were 400 new members to 20 different associations uncovered by Oh17 that require further vetting.
description: 42 pages, 18 figures, 9 tables. Submitted to ApJ 25 March 2018, re-submission 21 April 2018, 08 May 2018
The Primitive Equations in the scaling invariant space $L^{\infty}(L^1)$
Creators: name: Giga, Yoshikazu
name: Gries, Mathis
name: Hieber, Matthias
name: Hussein, Amru
name: Kashiwabara, Takahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q35 (Primary), 76D03, 47D06, 86A05 (Secondary)

description: Consider the primitive equations on $\R^2\times (z_0,z_1)$ with initial data $a$ of the form $a=a_1+a_2$, where $a_1 \in BUC_σ(\R^2;L^1(z_0,z_1))$ and $a_2 \in L^\infty_σ(\R^2;L^1(z_0,z_1))$ and where $BUC_σ(L^1)$ and $L^\infty_σ(L^1)$ denote the space of all solenoidal, bounded uniformly continuous and all solenoidal, bounded functions on $\R^2$, respectively, which take values in $L^1(z_0,z_1)$. These spaces are scaling invariant and represent the anisotropic character of these equations. It is shown that, if $\|a_2\|_{L^\infty_σ(L^1)}$ is sufficiently small, then this set of equations has a unique, local, mild solution. If in addition $a$ is periodic in the horizontal variables, then this solution is a strong one and extends to a unique, global, strong solution. The primitive equations are thus strongly and globally well-posed for these data. The approach depends crucially on mapping properties of the hydrostatic Stokes semigroup in the $L^\infty(L^1)$-setting and can thus be seen as the counterpart of the classical iteration schemes for the Navier-Stokes equations for the situation of the primitive equations.
description: 17 pages
title: ADCO, Cart. 186 (11 H 71), f. 0168v
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, t. II (XVe siècle), tome II, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, C
art. 186 (11 H 71). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, t. II (XVe siècle), tome II, Archives départementales de la
 Côte-d'Or, Cart. 186 (11 H 71), f. 0168v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-
project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
ROSiE Knowledge Hub
Creators: name: Stavridi, Vana
name: Sarla, Nicole
name: Kavouras, Panagiotis
name: Charitidis, Costas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The ROSiE Knowledge Hub (KH) beta version is currently undergoing its fifth and last phase of beta testing. As this phase concludes, it signifies the commencement of the definitive design of ROSiE KH as a user-friendly platform, intended to transparently showcase the project's outcomes. This report will outline the present status of ROSiE KH, as it was shaped by the feedback gathered from beta testers throughout the preceding four phases of beta testing.
Additional file 2: of Weak HIF-1alpha expression indicates poor prognosis in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Leppänen, Joni
name: Helminen, Olli
name: Huhta, Heikki
name: Kauppila, Joonas
name: Isohookana, Joel
name: Kirsi-Maria Haapasaari
name: Parkkila, Seppo
name: Saarnio, Juha
name: Lehenkari, Petri
name: Karttunen, Tuomo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Multivariate analysis for the contribution of clinical factors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to mortality after controlling for other variables. Tested explanatory variables were nuclear HIF-1alpha staining intensity (weak and strong), age at the time of diagnosis (
A note on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in a general domain
Creators: name: Hayashi, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the Cauchy problem for nonlinear Schrödinger equations in a general domain $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^N$. Construction of solutions has been only done by classical compactness method in previous results. Here, we construct solutions by a simple alternative approach. More precisely, solutions are constructed by proving that approximate solutions form a Cauchy sequence in some Banach space. We discuss three different types of nonlinearities: power type nonlinearities, logarithmic nonlinearities and damping nonlinearities.
description: minor revision; 24 pages. To appear in Nonlinear Analysis
Long-period limit of exact periodic traveling wave solutions for the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Hayashi, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the periodic traveling wave solutions of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLS). It is known that DNLS has two types of solitons on the whole line; one has exponential decay and the other has algebraic decay. The latter corresponds to the soliton for the massless case. In the new global results recently obtained by Fukaya, Hayashi and Inui, the properties of two-parameter of the solitons are essentially used in the proof, and especially the soliton for the massless case plays an important role. To investigate further properties of the solitons, we construct exact periodic traveling wave solutions which yield the solitons on the whole line including the massless case in the long-period limit. Moreover, we study the regularity of the convergence of these exact solutions in the long-period limit. Throughout the paper, the theory of elliptic functions and elliptic integrals is used in the calculation.
description: 34 pages, 1 figure. Minor revision; updated references. To appear in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\'e / Analyse Non Lin\'eaire
Risk Management Core -- Towards an Explicit Representation of Risk in Automated Driving
Creators: name: Salem, Nayel Fabian
name: Kirschbaum, Thomas
name: Nolte, Marcus
name: Lalitsch-Schneider, Christian
name: Graubohm, Robert
name: Reich, Jan
name: Maurer, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: While current automotive safety standards provide implicit guidance on how unreasonable risk can be avoided, manufacturers are required to specify risk acceptance criteria for Automated Driving Systems (SAE Level 3 and higher). However, the 'unreasonable' level of risk of Automated Driving Systems is not yet concisely defined. Solely applying current safety standards to such novel systems could potentially not be sufficient for their acceptance. As risk is managed with implicit knowledge about safety measures in existing automotive standards, an explicit alignment with risk acceptance criteria is challenging. Hence, we propose an approach for an explicit representation and management of risk, which we call the Risk Management Core. The proposal of this process framework is based on requirements elicited from current safety standards and is applied to the task of specifying safe behavior for an Automated Driving System in an example scenario.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Logarithms of Catalan generating functions: A combinatorial approach
Creators: name: Jansen, Sabine
name: Kolesnikov, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 05A10

description: We analyze the combinatorics behind the operation of taking the logarithm of the generating function $G_k$ for $k^\text{th}$ generalized Catalan numbers. We provide combinatorial interpretations in terms of lattice paths and in terms of tree graphs. Using explicit bijections, we are able to recover known closed expressions for the coefficients of $\log G_k$ by purely combinatorial means of enumeration. The non-algebraic proof easily generalizes to higher powers $\log^a G_k$, $a\geq 2$.
Topological Superconductivity in Twisted Multilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Xu, Cenke
name: Balents, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a minimal Hubbard model for electronically driven superconductivity in a correlated flat mini-band resulting from the superlattice modulation of a twisted graphene multilayer. The valley degree of freedom drastically modifies the nature of thepreferred pairing states, favoring spin triplet $d+id$ order with a valley singlet structure. We identify two candidates in this class, which are both topological superconductors. These states support half-vortices carrying half the usual superconducting flux quantum $hc/(4e)$, and have topologically protected gapless edge states.
description: 5 pages 2 figures
Kinks in the Kondo problem
Creators: name: Fendley, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the exact quasiparticle spectrum for the continuum Kondo problem of $k$ species of electrons coupled to an impurity of spin $S$. In this description, the impurity becomes an immobile quasiparticle sitting on the boundary. The particles are ``kinks'', which can be thought of as field configurations interpolating between adjacent wells of a potential with $k+1$ degenerate minima. For the overscreened case $k>2S$, the boundary has this kink structure as well, which explains the non-integer number of boundary states previously observed. Using simple arguments along with the consistency requirements of an integrable theory, we find the exact elastic $S$-matrix for the quasiparticles scattering among themselves and off of the boundary. This allows the calculation of the exact free energy, which agrees with the known Bethe ansatz solution.
description: 9 pages +1 figure
Optimizing Multi-Spacecraft Cislunar Space Domain Awareness Systems via Hidden-Genes Genetic Algorithm
Creators: name: Visonneau, Lois
name: Shimane, Yuri
name: Ho, Koki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper proposes an optimization problem formulation to tackle the challenges of cislunar Space Domain Awareness (SDA) through multi-spacecraft monitoring. Due to the large volume of interest as well as the richness of the dynamical environment, traditional design approaches for Earth-based architectures are known to have challenges in meeting design requirements for the cislunar SDA; thus, there is a growing need to have a multi-spacecraft system in cislunar orbits for SDA. The design of multi-spacecraft-based cislunar SDA architecture results in a complex multi-objective optimization problem, where parameters such as number of spacecraft, observability, and orbit stability must be taken into account simultaneously. Through the use of a multi-objective hidden genes genetic algorithm, this study explores the entirety of the design space associated with the cislunar SDA problem. A demonstration case study shows that our approach can provide architectures optimized for both cost and effectiveness.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, submitted to the Journal of the Astronautical Sciences
The electroweak theory of SU(3) $\times$ U(1)
Creators: name: Ng, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An electroweak model of SU(3) $\times$ U(1) gauge group is studied. {}From the group theoretical constraint, the symmetry breaking of this model to the standard model occurs at 1.7~TeV or lower. Hence the mass of the new neutral gauge boson is less than 1.7 TeV. The $Y^\pm$ and $Y^{\pm\pm}$ masses are found to be less than half of the $Z_2$ mass. Thus, the decays $Z_2 \to Y^{++} Y^{--}$ with $Y^{++} \to 2\ell^+ \: (\ell \!=\! e,μ,τ)$ is allowed, providing spectacular signatures at future colliders. {}From the flavor-changing neutral current processes, the representations of quarks can be uniquely determined. The neutrino-isoscalar scattering experiments are also considered.
description: 19 pages (3 figures are not included), TRI-PP-92-125
Differential Birkhoff decomposition and the renormalization of multiple zeta values
Creators: name: Guo, Li
name: Zhang, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M41, 12H05, 16W30, 81T15

description: In the Hopf algebra approach of Connes and Kreimer on renormalization of quantum field theory, the renormalization process is views as a special case of the Algebraic Birkhoff Decomposition. We give a differential algebra variation of this decomposition and apply this to the study of multiple zeta values.
description: 20 pages
Classifying spaces of infinity-sheaves
Creators: name: Berwick-Evans, Daniel
name: de Brito, Pedro Boavida
name: Pavlov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N30, 57R19, 55N20, 18G60, 22A22, 18F10, 18F20, 14D23, 14A20, 58D27, 58D29, 14D22, 55R35 (Primary), 55U35, 18G55, 14F42, 55R65 (Secondary)

description: We prove that the set of concordance classes of sections of an infinity-sheaf on a manifold is representable, extending a theorem of Madsen and Weiss. This is reminiscent of an h-principle in which the role of isotopy is played by concordance. As an application, we offer an answer to the question: what does the classifying space of a Segal space classify?
description: 35 pages. Comments are very welcome. v2: Many expository improvements. v3: Identical to the journal version except for formatting and style
Additional file 4: of Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. isolates from poultry in Lebanon and evidence of zoonotic potential
Creators: name: Greige, Stéphanie
name: Safadi, Dima El
name: Bécu, Noémie
name: Nausicaa Gantois
name: Pereira, Bruno
name: Chabé, Magali
name: Benamrouz-Vanneste, Sadia
name: Certad, Gabriela
name: Hage, Rima El
name: Chemaly, Marianne
name: Monzer Hamze
name: Viscogliosi, Eric
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Alignment of partial SSU rDNA gene sequences from Blastocystis sp. ST6 isolates. (PDF 10 kb)
Nanomechanical characterization of the Kondo charge dynamics in a carbon nanotube
Creators: name: Götz, K. J. G.
name: Schmid, D. R.
name: Schupp, F. J.
name: Stiller, P. L.
name: Strunk, Ch.
name: Hüttel, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the transversal vibration resonance of a suspended carbon nanotube as charge detector for its embedded quantum dot, we investigate the case of strong Kondo correlations between a quantum dot and its leads. We demonstrate that even when large Kondo conductance is carried at odd electron number, the charging behaviour remains similar between odd and even quantum dot occupation. While the Kondo conductance is caused by higher order processes, a sequential tunneling only model can describe the time-averaged charge. The gate potentials of maximum current and fastest charge increase display a characteristic relative shift, which is suppressed at increased temperature. These observations agree very well with models for Kondo-correlated quantum dots.
description: 5 figures
A Merger Model and Globular Cluster Formation
Creators: name: Lee, Sangjin
name: Schramm, David N.
name: Mathews, Grant J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a self-consistent model for globular cluster formation in, but not limited to, our Galaxy, based on the merger model of Mathews and Schramm (1993). Stars and star clusters form in bursts at the merging interfaces as protogalactic clouds collide. We describe the formation of those star clusters with a simple schematic ansatz which takes into account the thermal and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. It is shown that this model is consistent with many observational properties such as the age and metallicity distributions of globular clusters, the overall number of globular clusters, and the near constancy of the number of globular clusters in different size host galaxies. Most of the features of this merger model are insensitive to choices of parameters. However, the model does not exhibit two distinct populations of globular clusters, i.e. halo clusters and disk clusters. Possible explanations for this are presented.
description: 14 pages (10 figures available from sjlee@oddjob.uchicago.edu); LaTeX; submitted to The Astrophysical Journal; Fermilab preprint and LLNL preprint
Dense Power-law Networks and Simplicial Complexes
Creators: name: Courtney, Owen T.
name: Bianconi, Ginestra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is increasing evidence that dense networks occur in on-line social networks, recommendation networks and in the brain. In addition to being dense, these networks are often also scale-free, i.e. their degree distributions follow $P(k)\propto k^{-γ}$ with $γ\in(1,2]$. Models of growing networks have been successfully employed to produce scale-free networks using preferential attachment, however these models can only produce sparse networks as the numbers of links and nodes being added at each time-step is constant. Here we present a modelling framework which produces networks that are both dense and scale-free. The mechanism by which the networks grow in this model is based on the Pitman-Yor process. Variations on the model are able to produce undirected scale-free networks with exponent $γ=2$ or directed networks with power-law out-degree distribution with tunable exponent $γ\in (1,2)$. We also extend the model to that of directed $2$-dimensional simplicial complexes. Simplicial complexes are generalization of networks that can encode the many body interactions between the parts of a complex system and as such are becoming increasingly popular to characterize different data sets ranging from social interacting systems to the brain. Our model produces dense directed simplicial complexes with power-law distribution of the generalized out-degrees of the nodes.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Sharp bounds on the Nusselt number in Rayleigh-Bénard convection and a bilinear estimate via Carleson measures
Creators: name: Chanillo, Sagun
name: Malchiodi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a conjecture in fluid dynamics concerning optimal bounds for heat transportation in the infinite Prandtl number limit. Due to a maximum principle property for the temperature exploited by Constantin-Doering and Otto-Seis, this amounts to proving a-priori bounds for horizontally-periodic solutions of a fourth-order equation in a strip of large width. Such bounds are obtained here using Fourier analysis, integral representations, and a bilinear estimate due to Coifman and Meyer which uses the Carleson measure characterization of BMO functions by Fefferman.
description: The first version of the paper was withdrawn due to a problem with a scaling argument and in the proof of Proposition 3.1
Subharmonic Generation in Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Holthaus, Martin
name: Flatte', Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the classical-quantum correspondence permits long-lived subharmonic motion in a quantum system driven by a periodic force. Exponentially small deviations from exact subharmonicity are due to coherent tunneling between quantized vortex tubes which surround classical elliptic periodic orbits.
description: 11 pages + 5 figures (available upon request), Revtex 3.0, NSF-ITP-93-43
Additional file 1: of Program assessment of efforts to improve the quality of postpartum counselling in health centers in Morogoro region, Tanzania
Creators: name: Amnesty LeFevre
name: Mpembeni, Rose
name: Kilewo, Charles
name: Yang, Ann
name: An, Selena
name: Diwakar Mohan
name: Idda Mosha
name: Besana, Giulia
name: Chrisostom Lipingu
name: Callaghan-Koru, Jennifer
name: Silverman, Marissa
name: Winch, Peter
name: George, Asha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Reported supervision provided to RCH providers (nâ =â 88) from July 2011 to June 2012. (DOCX 31 kb)
Joint Learning of Blind Super-Resolution and Crack Segmentation for Realistic Degraded Images
Creators: name: Kondo, Yuki
name: Ukita, Norimichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper proposes crack segmentation augmented by super resolution (SR) with deep neural networks. In the proposed method, a SR network is jointly trained with a binary segmentation network in an end-to-end manner. This joint learning allows the SR network to be optimized for improving segmentation results. For realistic scenarios, the SR network is extended from non-blind to blind for processing a low-resolution image degraded by unknown blurs. The joint network is improved by our proposed two extra paths that further encourage the mutual optimization between SR and segmentation. Comparative experiments with State of The Art (SoTA) segmentation methods demonstrate the superiority of our joint learning, and various ablation studies prove the effects of our contributions.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement (TIM) 2024. The project page is located at https://yuki-11.github.io/CSBSR-project-page/
If time were a graph, what would evolution equations look like?
Creators: name: Hussein, Amru
name: Mugnolo, Delio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 47D99, Secondary: 47D06, 35B10, 34G10

description: Linear evolution equations are considered usually for the time variable being defined on an interval where typically initial conditions or time-periodicity of solutions are required to single out certain solutions. Here we would like to make a point of allowing time to be defined on a metric graph or network where on the branching points coupling conditions are imposed such that time can have ramifications and even loops. This not only generalizes the classical setting and allows for more freedom in the modeling of coupled and interacting systems of evolution equations, but it also provides a unified framework for initial value and time-periodic problems. For these time-graph Cauchy problems questions of well-posedness and regularity of solutions for parabolic problems are studied along with the question of which time-graph Cauchy problems cannot be reduced to an iteratively solvable sequence of Cauchy problems on intervals. Based on two different approaches - an application of the Kalton-Weis theorem on the sum of closed operators and an explicit computation of a Green's function - we present the main well-posedness and regularity results. We further study some qualitative properties of solutions. While we mainly focus on parabolic problems we also explain how other Cauchy problems can be studied along the same lines. This is exemplified by discussing coupled systems with constraints that are non-local in time akin to periodicity.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures
Imaging three-dimensional nanoscale magnetization dynamics
Creators: name: Donnelly, Claire
name: Finizio, Simone
name: Gliga, Sebastian
name: Holler, Mirko
name: Hrabec, Aleš
name: Odstrčil, Michal
name: Mayr, Sina
name: Scagnoli, Valerio
name: Heyderman, Laura J.
name: Guizar-Sicairos, Manuel
name: Raabe, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to experimentally map the three-dimensional structure and dynamics in bulk and patterned three-dimensional ferromagnets is essential both for understanding fundamental micromagnetic processes, as well as for investigating technologically-relevant micromagnets whose functions are connected to the presence and dynamics of fundamental micromagnetic structures, such as domain walls and vortices. Here, we demonstrate time-resolved magnetic laminography, a technique which offers access to the temporal evolution of a complex three-dimensional magnetic structure with nanoscale resolution. We image the dynamics of the complex three-dimensional magnetization state in a two-phase bulk magnet with a lateral spatial resolution of 50 nm, mapping the transition between domain wall precession and the dynamics of a uniform magnetic domain that is attributed to variations in the magnetization state across the phase boundary. The capability to probe three-dimensional magnetic structures with temporal resolution paves the way for the experimental investigation of novel functionalities arising from dynamic phenomena in bulk and three-dimensional patterned nanomagnets.
description: Nat. Nanotechnol. (2020)
Two Dimensional QCD as a String Theory
Creators: name: Gross, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I explore the possibility of finding an equivalent string representation of two dimensional QCD. I develop the large N expansion of the ${\rm QCD_2}$ partition function on an arbitrary two dimensional Euclidean manifold. If this is related to a two-dimensional string theory then many of the coefficients of the ${1\over N}$ expansion must vanish. This is shown to be true to all orders, giving strong evidence for the existence of a string representation.
description: 24 pages
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on daily rhythms
Creators: name: Luong, Nguyen
name: Barnett, Ian
name: Aledavood, Talayeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted daily activity rhythms and life routines. Understanding the dynamics of these impacts on different groups of people is essential for creating environments where people's lives and well-being are least disturbed during such circumstances. Starting in June 2021, we conducted a year-long study to collect high-resolution data from fitness trackers as well as answers to monthly questionnaires from 128 working adults. Using questionnaires, we investigate how routines of exercising and working have changed throughout the pandemic for different people. In addition to that, for each person in the study, we build temporal distributions of daily step counts to quantify their daily movement rhythms and use the inverse of the Earth mover's distance between different movement rhythms to quantify the movement consistency over time. Throughout the pandemic, our cohort shows a shift in exercise routines, manifested in a decrease in time spent on non-walking physical exercises as opposed to the unchanged amount of time spent on walking. In terms of daily rhythms of movement, we show that migrants and those who live alone demonstrate a lower level of consistency of daily rhythms of movement compared to their counterparts. We also observe a relationship between movement and on-site work attendance, as participants who go to work (as opposed to working remotely) also tend to maintain more consistent daily rhythms of movement. Men and migrants show a faster pace in going back to work after the decrease in restriction measures that were set in place due to the pandemic. Our results quantitatively demonstrate the unequal effect of the pandemic among different sub-populations and inform organizations and policymakers to provide more adequate support and adapt to the different needs of different groups in the post-pandemic era.
Rota-Baxter operators on generalized power series rings
Creators: name: Guo, Li
name: Liu, Zhongkui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13J05, 16W30, 16W60

description: An important instance of Rota-Baxter algebras from their quantum field theory application is the ring of Laurent series with a suitable projection. We view the ring of Laurent series as a special case of generalized power series rings with exponents in an ordered monoid. We study when a generalized power series ring has a Rota-Baxter operator and how this is related to the ordered monoid.
description: 7 pages
Instability of algebraic standing waves for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with double power nonlinearities
Creators: name: Fukaya, Noriyoshi
name: Hayashi, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q55, 35A15

description: We consider a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with double power nonlinearity \begin{align*} i\partial_t u+Δu-|u|^{p-1}u+|u|^{q-1}u=0,\quad (t,x)\in\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^N, \end{align*} where $1
description: 24 pages, 3 figures. We newly added the claims and references on sharp decay estimates and deleted Appendix B. To appear in Transactions of the AMS
Collisionless dynamics in disordered superconductors
Creators: name: Dzero, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I consider relaxation of the pairing amplitude in a disordered Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconductor in the absence of the two-particle collisions. My main assumption is that nonmagnetic and magnetic disorder scattering rates are much smaller than the value of the superconducting pairing gap $Δ_0$. I derive a system of nonlinear equations which describe the collisionless relaxation of the pairing amplitude following a quench of the pairing strength. I find that in a superconductor in which scattering on paramagnetic impurities is dominant, the pairing amplitude in a steady state varies periodically with time even for small deviations from equilibrium. It is shown that such a steady state emerges due to scattering on paramagnetic impurities which leads to a decrease in the value of the resonant frequency of the amplitude mode below $2Δ_0$.
description: 6 pages (main text) + 6 pages (supplementary materials), 5 figures
Distill n' Explain: explaining graph neural networks using simple surrogates
Creators: name: Pereira, Tamara
name: Nascimento, Erik
name: Resck, Lucas E.
name: Mesquita, Diego
name: Souza, Amauri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Explaining node predictions in graph neural networks (GNNs) often boils down to finding graph substructures that preserve predictions. Finding these structures usually implies back-propagating through the GNN, bonding the complexity (e.g., number of layers) of the GNN to the cost of explaining it. This naturally begs the question: Can we break this bond by explaining a simpler surrogate GNN? To answer the question, we propose Distill n' Explain (DnX). First, DnX learns a surrogate GNN via knowledge distillation. Then, DnX extracts node or edge-level explanations by solving a simple convex program. We also propose FastDnX, a faster version of DnX that leverages the linear decomposition of our surrogate model. Experiments show that DnX and FastDnX often outperform state-of-the-art GNN explainers while being orders of magnitude faster. Additionally, we support our empirical findings with theoretical results linking the quality of the surrogate model (i.e., distillation error) to the faithfulness of explanations.
description: To appear in AISTATS 2023
The Deuterium Abundance and Nucleocosmochronology
Creators: name: Scully, Sean Thomas
name: Olive, Keith A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine galactic chemical evolution models which reproduce the present-day and pre-solar values of deuterium starting with a primordial value which is consistent with a baryon-to-photon ratio of $3 \times 10^{-10}$. We consider various galactic chemical evolution models to determine the viability of significant deuterium destruction and which provide a consistent age of the galaxy at the time of the formation of the solar system and consequently its present day age from nuclear chronometers. These models generally require some amount of infall which we take with rates proportional to the gas mass as well as exponentially decreasing rates and some initial disk enrichment which we limit to the range of 0\% to 30\%. We present those models which give the observed pre-solar value and present-day value of D/H and which lead to a present-day gas fraction of $σ= .05\quad - \quad .2$. These models result in a braod range for the age of galaxy between $9.8 - 21.6$ Gyrs.
description: 16 pages, LateX, Figures available by anonymous ftp from ast1.spa.umn.edu in the directory pub with filename deutfig.ps, UMN-TH-1260/94
The HOSTS survey - Exozodiacal dust measurements for 30 stars
Creators: name: Ertel, S.
name: Defrère, D.
name: Hinz, P.
name: Mennesson, B.
name: Kennedy, G. M.
name: Danchi, W. C.
name: Gelino, C.
name: Hill, J. M.
name: Hoffmann, W. F.
name: Rieke, G.
name: Shannon, A.
name: Spalding, E.
name: Stone, Jordan M.
name: Vaz, A.
name: Weinberger, A. J.
name: Willems, P.
name: Absil, O.
name: Arbo, P.
name: Bailey, V. P.
name: Beichman, C.
name: Bryden, G.
name: Downey, E. C.
name: Durney, O.
name: Esposito, S.
name: Gaspar, A.
name: Grenz, P.
name: Haniff, C. A.
name: Leisenring, J. M.
name: Marion, L.
name: McMahon, T. J.
name: Millan-Gabet, R.
name: Montoya, M.
name: Morzinski, K. M.
name: Pinna, E.
name: Power, J.
name: Puglisi, A.
name: Roberge, A.
name: Serabyn, E.
name: Skemer, A. J.
name: Stapelfeldt, K.
name: Su, K. Y. L.
name: Vaitheeswaran, V.
name: Wyatt, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HOSTS (Hunt for Observable Signatures of Terrestrial Systems) survey searches for dust near the habitable zones (HZs) around nearby, bright main sequence stars. We use nulling interferometry in N band to suppress the bright stellar light and to probe for low levels of HZ dust around the 30 stars observed so far. Our overall detection rate is 18%, including four new detections, among which are the first three around Sun-like stars and the first two around stars without any previously known circumstellar dust. The inferred occurrence rates are comparable for early type and Sun-like stars, but decrease from 60 (+16/-21)% for stars with previously detected cold dust to 8 (+10/-3)% for stars without such excess, confirming earlier results at higher sensitivity. For completed observations on individual stars, our sensitivity is five to ten times better than previous results. Assuming a lognormal excess luminosity function, we put upper limits on the median HZ dust level of 13 zodis (95% confidence) for a sample of stars without cold dust and of 26 zodis when focussing on Sun-like stars without cold dust. However, our data suggest that a more complex luminosity function may be more appropriate. For stars without detectable LBTI excess, our upper limits are almost reduced by a factor of two, demonstrating the strength of LBTI target vetting for future exo-Earth imaging missions. Our statistics are so far limited and extending the survey is critical to inform the design of future exo-Earth imaging surveys.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication by AJ