cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A study of the Orion cometary cloud L1616
Creators: name: Ramesh, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With its cometary appearance and a reflection nebula near its edge facing some bright Orion stars, the Lynd's cloud L1616 shows ample evidence for being affected by one or more of these massive stars. To estimate its mass and star formation efficiency as well as to determine if it is gravitationally bound, we mapped this cloud in J=1${\rightarrow}$0 transitions of $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO. It is found that the distribution of the emission in the line {\it wings} show clear evidence for substantial mass motions. Also, the ``virial'' mass of the cloud is found to be five times the actual cloud mass determined from the $^{13}$CO column density map. It is argued that this cloud has abnormally high star formation efficiency and is possibly disintegrating. The morphology and the location of the cloud indicate that it is being affected by the star $ε$ Orionis which is also possibly responsible for the cloud's unusual star formation efficiency. Over a range of values of the relevant parameters, the star is found to quantitatively satisfy the requirements of being the cause of the observed characteristics of the cloud.
description: 13 pages,latex,8 figures in self-unpacking, uuencoded, compressed postscript; accepted by MNRAS
The characterisation of a shock tube system for blast injury studies
Creators: name: Nguyen, Thuy-Tien
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In recent decades, improvised explosive devices have been one of the main causes of injuries due to blast effects to military personnel as well as civilians. Such injuries are very complex, with multiple types of injuries happening at once. To understand the nature of such injuries, it is important to be able to re-create the blast waves, isolating their different time-dependent effects (e.g. initial accelerations by shock waves, ballistic impacts, etc.). The shock tube is a versatile apparatus that can generate these elements of blasts in laboratory environment. The project aims to deepen the current understanding about the shock tube by characterising it over a range of conditions such as diaphragm breakage, and to measure the evolution of the pressure generated. Then, based on these characterisations, additional adjustments and adaptors are introduced to adapt the performance of the shock tube to specific purposes, especially blast injury and mitigation studies. Experiments were per- formed on an air-driven shock tube system with Mylar and aluminium diaphragms of various thicknesses, and with different lengths of driver section. Single-diaphragm and double-diaphragm configurations were employed, as were open or closed tube configurations. The arrangement was designed to enable high-speed photography and pressure measurements. Overall, the results from the shock tube are highly reproducible, and show that diaphragm burst pressure is the most influential factor on the output pressure pulses. The diaphragm burst pressure is shown to be linearly related to its thickness in the range studied. Com- paring single and double diaphragm systems, both produce similar effects but the latter provides more control over the generation of blast waves. The output blasts were also characterised against different locations, orientations and sizes of sample mountings. The thesis also reports studies on interactions between produced blast waves and various structures, for both biological sample mounting and blast mitigation purpose. It shows that the shock tube system can allow studies of blast effects on biological samples (e.g. osteoblast and Schwann cell cultures), and blast mitigating properties of different materials and structures (e.g. perforated sheets, reticulated foams). Finally, a computational fluid dynamic simulation for the blast generation in the shock tube has been developed, which gives reasonable agreements with experimental data. Improved versions of the simulation will be coupled with structural program to model interactions between blast waves and different geometries and materials.
MOESM8 of Genetic repertoires of anaerobic microbiomes driving generation of biogas
Creators: name: Grohmann, Anja
name: Yevhen Vainshtein
name: Euchner, Ellen
name: Grumaz, Christian
name: Bryniok, Dieter
name: Rabus, Ralf
name: Sohn, Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8. Reference list used to generate pathway map.
Energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum exchange between an electromagnetic wave-packet and a small particle
Creators: name: Mansuripur, Masud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Invoking Maxwell's classical electrodynamics in conjunction with expressions for the electromagnetic (EM) energy, momentum, force, and torque, we use a few simple examples to demonstrate the nature of linear and angular momentum exchange between a wave-packet and a small spherical particle. The linear and angular momenta of the EM field, when absorbed by the particle, will be seen to elicit different responses from the particle.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure, 27 equations, 12 references, 5 appendices
Additional file 17: of Integrated genomic analyses in PDX model reveal a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Palbociclib as a novel candidate drug for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Creators: name: Cheng-Lung Hsu
name: Kar-Wai Lui
name: Lang-Ming Chi
name: Yung-Chia Kuo
name: Yin-Kai Chao
name: Yeh, Chun-Nan
name: Lee, Li-Yu
name: Yenlin Huang
name: Tung-Liang Lin
name: Mei-Yuan Huang
name: Lai, Yi-Ru
name: Yeh, Yuan-Ming
name: Hsien-Chi Fan
name: Lin, An-Chi
name: Yen-Jung Lu
name: Chia-Hsun Hsieh
name: Chang, Kai-Ping
name: Ngan-Ming Tsang
name: Hung-Ming Wang
name: Chang, Alex
name: Yu-Sun Chang
name: Hsin-Pai Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S9. PDX tumor growth during drug treatment (A) PDX-Bone tumor volume (mm3) and tumor weight (g), and (B) PDX-Bone mice body weight (g) in drug screening; (C) PDX-LN tumor volume (mm3) and tumor weight (g), and (D) PDX-LN mice body weight (g) in drug screening. (PDF 241 kb)
Dwarf Cepheids in the Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Creators: name: Mateo, Mario
name: Hurley-Keller, Denise
name: Nemec, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered 20 dwarf Cepheids (DC) in the Carina dSph galaxy from the analysis of individual CCD images obtained for a deep photometric study of the system. These short-period pulsating variable stars are by far the most distant (~100 kpc) and faintest (V ~ 23.0) DCs known. The Carina DCs obey a well-defined period-luminosity relation, allowing us to readily distinguish between overtone and fundamental pulsators in nearly every case. Unlike RR Lyr stars, the pulsation mode turns out to be uncorrelated with light-curve shape, nor do the overtone pulsators tend towards shorter periods compared to the fundamental pulsators. Using the period-luminosity (PL) relations from Nemec et al. (1994 AJ, 108, 222) and McNamara (1995, AJ, 109, 1751), we derive (m-M)_0 = 20.06 +/- 0.12, for E(B-V) = 0.025 and [Fe/H] = -2.0, in good agreement with recent, independent estimates of the distance/reddening of Carina. The error reflects the uncertainties in the DC distance scale, and in the metallicity and reddening of Carina. The frequency of DCs among upper main sequence stars in Carina is approximately 3%. The ratio of dwarf Cepheids to RR Lyr stars in Carina is 0.13 +/- 0.10, though this result is highly sensitive to the star-formation history of Carina and the evolution of the Horizontal Branch. We discuss how DCs may be useful to search effectively for substructure in the Galactic halo out to Galactocentric distances of ~100 kpc.
description: 20 pages of text, 7 figures
Low Magnetic Field Regime of a Gate-Defined Constriction in High-Mobility Graphene
Creators: name: Veyrat, Louis
name: Jordan, Anna
name: Zimmermann, Katrin
name: Gay, Frederic
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takeshi
name: Sellier, Hermann
name: Sacépé, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the evolution of the coherent electronic transport through a gate-defined constriction in a high-mobility graphene device from ballistic transport to quantum Hall regime upon increasing the magnetic field. At low field, the conductance exhibits Fabry-Pérot resonances resulting from the npn cavities formed beneath the top-gated regions. Above a critical field $B^*$ corresponding to the cyclotron radius equal to the npn cavity length, Fabry-Pérot resonances vanish and snake trajectories are guided through the constriction with a characteristic set of conductance oscillations. Increasing further the magnetic field allows us to probe the Landau level spectrum in the constriction, with distortions due to the combination of confinement and de-confinement of Landau levels in a saddle potential. These observations are confirmed by numerical calculations.
AN IMPROVED MEASURE OF QUASAR ORIENTATION
Creators: name: Wills, Beverley J.
name: Brotherton, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio core dominance, usually measured by R, the rest frame ratio of core to lobe flux density, has been used as an indicator of Doppler boosting of quasars' radio jets and hence the inclination of the central engine's spin axis to the line of sight. The use of lobe flux density as a means of normalizing the boosted core flux density to the available intrinsic power of the central engine introduces scatter. This is because the emission from the radio lobes depends strongly on the interaction of the jet with the environment at distances beyond several Kpc from the nucleus. Total kinetic power in the extended radio emission is approximately proportional to emission line luminosity, and emission line luminosity is proportional to the luminosity of AGNs' featureless continua -- both over 4 orders of magnitude. Thus, quasars' optical luminosity may be an excellent measure of available intrinsic jet power. Therefore we define a new core dominance parameter, R$_V$, the ratio of radio core to optical (rest frame V band) continuum luminosity, that is not directly dependent on jet interactions with the super-Kpc-scale environment. We show that the use of R$_V$, rather than R, results in significantly improved inverse correlations with the beaming angle as deduced from apparent superluminal velocities and inverse Compton scattered X-ray emission, and with the FWHM of quasars' broad H$β$ emission line. We discuss some implications and applications of the new parameter.
description: 7 pages (aastex), 3 figures added (1 file via uufiles)
Applications of mirror symmetry to the classification of Fano varieties
Creators: name: Prince, Thomas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In this dissertation we discuss two new constructions of Fano varieties, each directly inspired by ideas in Mirror Symmetry. The first recasts the Fanosearch program (Coates--Corti--Kasprzyk et al.) for surfaces in terms of a construction related to the SYZ conjecture. In particular we construct Q-Gorenstein smoothings of toric varieties via an application of the Gross-Siebert algorithm to certain affine manifolds. We recover the theory of combinatorial mutation, which plays a central role in the Fanosearch program, from these affine manifolds. Combining this construction and the work of Gross--Hacking--Keel on log Calabi--Yau surfaces we produce a cluster structure on the mirror to a log del Pezzo surface proposed by Coates--Corti--et al. We exploit the cluster structure, and the connection to toric degenerations, to prove two classification results for Fano polygons. This cluster variety is equipped with a superpotential defined on each chart by a so-called maximally mutable Laurent polynomial. We study an enumerative interpretation of this superpotential in terms of tropical disc counting in the example of the projective plane (with a general choice of boundary divisor). In the second part we develop a new construction of Fano toric complete intersections in higher dimensions. We first consider the problem of finding torus charts on the Hori--Vafa/Givental model, adapting the approach taken by Przyjalkowski. We exploit this to identify 527 new families of four-dimensional Fano manifolds. We then develop an inverse algorithm, Laurent Inversion, which decorates a Fano polytope P with additional information used to construct a candidate ambient space for a complete intersection model of the toric variety defined by P. Moving in the linear system defining this complete intersection allows us to construct new models of known Fano manifolds, and also to construct new examples of Fano manifolds from conjectured mirror Laurent polynomials. We use this algorithm to produce families simultaneously realising certain collections of 'commuting' mutations, extending the connection between polytope mutation and deformations of toric varieties.
Influence of kinetic effects on terminal solid solubility of hydrogen in zirconium alloys
Creators: name: Kaufholz, Peter
name: Stuke, Maik
name: Boldt, Felix
name: Péridis, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integrity of irradiated zirconium based nuclear fuel cladding is related to the precipitation of hydrides which is closely connected with the solubility of hydrogen. A review on the development of measurement technologies is given and the resulting terminal solid solubilities are reflected with respect to the established model of hydrogen solubility in zirconium alloys. The results often allow for a different interpretation than the established model. An alternative qualitative approach is proposed in which the fixed TSSp for the precipitation of zirconium hydrides is replaced by a kinetic model based on thermal history, total hydrogen content and the cooling rate. The influence of the modification of the model from a fixed TSSp to a kinetically limited TSSd is discussed with respect to the understanding of hydride embrittlement processes in long term storage.
description: v2: 11 pages, 2 figures, matches published version
Minimally Invasive Concepts in Treating Synchronous Liver Metastases Rectal Cancer Patients: Report of Six Cases
Creators: name: Zhang, Hao
name: Jin, Yinghu
name: Huang, Rui
name: Wang, Guiyu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Rectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases (SLM) is common in clinical practice. However, the application of conventional natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) and NOSES with specimen extraction via stoma/hepatectomy incision in the special population is rarely explored. Six SLM rectal cancer patients were treated with simultaneous surgical resection and the specimens were extracted via anal/stoma/hepatectomy incision. Respectively, intraoperative and postoperative data, anal function 3 months after surgery and long-term prognosis were reviewed. Intraoperative and postoperative data and anal function were reliable for the six cases. Only one patient died of brain and bone metastases at 84 months after surgery and the other five patients were alive at their last follow-up. Simultaneous surgical resection with the concept of conventional NOSES and NOSES with specimen extraction via stoma/hepatectomy incision is safety for SLM rectal patients.
Statistical approaches to connectivity estimation for multivariate times series with application to EEG data
Creators: name: Schneider-Luftman, Deborah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In the analysis of EEG data, there has been much interest in functional connectivity network modelling. However, the high-dimensional nature of this type of data renders conventional network analysis methods intractable. One popular approach consists of treating EEG signals as multidimensional time series, and then analysing them in the spectral domain. For this, we need good estimators for the inverse spectral density function (SDF) matrix. However, issues of ill-definedness or singularities often arise. There exist many regularisation methods designed to address these problems. Amongst them, shrinkage has received particular interest in recent work. A large amount of research has gone into the development of shrinkage methods for real-valued covariance matrices, but they can also be applied to the estimation of inverse SDF matrices. This PhD project aims to: • Further shrinkage estimation in the frequency domain. We show how the equivalent of the Ledoit-Wolf shrinkage estimator for spectral matrices can be improved upon using a Rao-Blackwell estimator. We also further a non-linear method based on Random Matrix Theory (RMT); • Improve the estimation of inverse spectral matrices and associated variables called the partial coherences, which measure direct conditional dependence between any two variables in a multidimensional system. We discuss the impact of shrinkage and another regularisation method on the quality of the partial coherence estimates, and show how these methodologies can be improved for this purpose; • In frequency domain analysis, results are derived for each frequency, over a set of discretised frequencies. However, we are interested in deriving an overall result for the entire band. We investigate the performance of p-value combiners for frequency-domain data. All of these results are applied to EEG data collected from 34 schizophrenic subjects and 24 healthy control individuals, and compared with conventional methods in terms of matrix loss and graph distance.
Hierarchical Model for the Evolution of Cloud Complexes
Creators: name: Sanchez, Nestor
name: Parravano, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of cloud complexes appears to be well described by a "tree structure" representation when the image is partitioned into "clouds". In this representation, the parent-child relationships are assigned according to containment. Based on this picture, a hierarchical model for the evolution of Cloud Complexes, including star formation, is constructed, that follows the mass evolution of each sub-structure by computing its mass exchange (evaporation or condensation) with its parent and children, which depends on the radiation density at the interphase. For the set of parameters used as a reference model, the system produces IMFs with a maximum at too high mass (~2 M_sun) and the characteristic times for evolution seem too long. We show that these properties can be improved by adjusting model parameters. However, the emphasis here is to illustrate some general properties of this nonlinear model for the star formation process. Notwithstanding the simplifications involved, the model reveals an essential feature that will likely remain if additional physical processes are included. That is: the detailed behavior of the system is very sensitive to variations on the initial and external conditions, suggesting that a "universal" IMF is very unlikely. When an ensemble of IMFs corresponding to a variety of initial or external conditions is examined, the slope of the IMF at high masses shows variations comparable to the range derived from observational data. (Abridged)
description: Latex, 29 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
MOESM7 of Genetic repertoires of anaerobic microbiomes driving generation of biogas
Creators: name: Grohmann, Anja
name: Yevhen Vainshtein
name: Euchner, Ellen
name: Grumaz, Christian
name: Bryniok, Dieter
name: Rabus, Ralf
name: Sohn, Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7. Pathway map of EC numbers involved in anaerobic digestion and methanogenesis.
Effect of polymer and metal oxide properties on hybrid light emitting diodes
Creators: name: Costa Dantas Faria, Jorge
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Hybrid organic/inorganic light-emitting diodes (HyLEDs) combine thin, metal oxide layers together with light-emitting organic semiconductors to create devices that are more resilient to ambient conditions than standard devices. In this thesis, HyLED performance is measured as a function of the individual organic and oxide layer properties with the aims of addressing several perceived gaps within reported literature and to consequently optimise future device design. Reported herein are the results of the insertion of a vertical zinc oxide nanorod array as a non-planar, bottom-cathode electron injection layer. Using facile solution-processing methods, a well-aligned and uniform array was deposited into which the light emitting polymer poly(9,9'-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) was then melt-processed to create a massive, 3D interfacial contact area for electron injection. This study recorded, for the first time, efficiency and luminance values for a vertical nanorod-based LED with maximum figures of 1.66 cd/A and 8602 cd/m2 showing their potential for display and lighting applications. The successful demonstration of these nanorod HyLEDs was due to the insertion of a poly[(9,9-dioctylfluore-nyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4′-(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)diphenylamine)] (TFB) at the F8BT/anode interface to block electrons and reduce the probability of interfacial exciton dissociation. Using post-deposition annealing and solution processing, a robust method of casting TFB onto F8BT without the need for lift-off steps is presented. In planar devices, the insertion of TFB increases the maximum recorded efficiencies from 0.024 to 1.0 cd/A and its role as an optical emission tuning layer was also demonstrated; by simply varying the layer thickness the F8BT electro-luminescence was tuned from green emission to orange. Finally, the molecular weight of F8BT was seen to significantly influence the performance of HyLEDs, with six separate batches ranging from 36 to 300 kg/mol providing a systematic device study. Importantly, these batches were extracted from a single commercial source using gel permeation chromatography to negate the possible influence of different synthesis routes and chain ends. The thesis is organised into six chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on the principles behind device design and operation with an overview of the current state of HyLED literature and a discussion of the principle materials studied. Chapter 2 provides a general description of the experimental procedures and techniques used throughout. Chapters 3 to 5 each focus on a specific experimental investigation and are largely self-contained with each presenting - along with a discussion of the results - a literature review, a list of aims and an experimental section particular to the study conducted. Finally, Chapter 6 provides general concluding remarks, expanding on the ideas of further work discussed within Chapters 3-5.
The neural marketplace
Creators: name: Lewis, Sarah Noami
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The `retroaxonal hypothesis' (Harris, 2008) posits a role for slow retrograde signalling in learning. It is based on the intuition that cells with strong output synapses tend to be those that encode useful information; and that cells which encode useful information should not modify their input synapses too readily. The hypothesis has two parts: rst, that the stronger a cell's output synapses, the less likely it is to change its input synapses; and second, that a cell is more likely to revert changes to its input synapses when the changes are followed by weakening of its output synapses. It is motivated in part by analogy between a neural network and a market economy, viewing neurons as `entrepreneurs' who `sell' spike trains to each other. In this view, the slow retrograde signals which tell a neuron that it has strong output synapses are `money' and imply that what it produces is useful. This thesis constructs a mathematical model of learning, which validates the intuition of the retroaxonal hypothesis. In this model, we show that neurons can estimate their usefulness, or `worth', from the magnitude of their output weights. We also show that by making each cell's input synapses more or less plastic according to its worth, the performance of a network can be improved.
title: ADCO, Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0735
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0735, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0735, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Primates Linnaeus, 1758, ord. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates

description: Primates [ord. nov.]
I. PRIMATES.
Dentes Primores superiores IV, paralleli.
Mammae Pectorales II.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 20, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Photonic Dirac monopoles and skyrmions: spin-1 quantization
Creators: name: Van Mechelen, Todd
name: Jacob, Zubin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the concept of a photonic Dirac monopole, appropriate for photonic crystals, metamaterials and 2D materials, by utilizing the Dirac-Maxwell correspondence. We start by exploring vacuum where the reciprocal momentum space of both Maxwell's equations and the massless Dirac equation (Weyl equation) possess a magnetic monopole. The critical distinction is the nature of magnetic monopole charges, which are integer valued for photons but half-integer for electrons. This inherent difference is directly tied to the spin and ultimately connects to the bosonic or fermionic behavior. We also show the presence of photonic Dirac strings, which are line singularities in the underlying Berry gauge potential. While the results in vacuum are intuitively expected, our central result is the application of this topological Dirac-Maxwell correspondence to 2D photonic (bosonic) materials, as opposed to conventional electronic (fermionic) materials. Intriguingly, within dispersive matter, the presence of photonic Dirac monopoles is captured by nonlocal quantum Hall conductivity - i.e. a spatiotemporally dispersive gyroelectric constant. For both 2D photonic and electronic media, the nontrivial topological phases emerge in the context of massive particles with broken time-reversal symmetry. However, the bulk dynamics of these bosonic and fermionic Chern insulators are characterized by spin-1 and spin-1/2 skyrmions in momentum space, which have fundamentally different interpretations. This is exemplified by their contrasting spin-1 and spin-1/2 helically quantized edge states. Our work sheds light on the recently proposed quantum gyroelectric phase of matter and the essential role of photon spin quantization in topological bosonic phases.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures. This is the fourth paper in a series of papers on spin and topological bosonic phases of light. The others can be found here: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.98.023842, arXiv:1708.08192, and https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.3.000118
Additional file 16: of Integrated genomic analyses in PDX model reveal a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Palbociclib as a novel candidate drug for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Creators: name: Cheng-Lung Hsu
name: Kar-Wai Lui
name: Lang-Ming Chi
name: Yung-Chia Kuo
name: Yin-Kai Chao
name: Yeh, Chun-Nan
name: Lee, Li-Yu
name: Yenlin Huang
name: Tung-Liang Lin
name: Mei-Yuan Huang
name: Lai, Yi-Ru
name: Yeh, Yuan-Ming
name: Hsien-Chi Fan
name: Lin, An-Chi
name: Yen-Jung Lu
name: Chia-Hsun Hsieh
name: Chang, Kai-Ping
name: Ngan-Ming Tsang
name: Hung-Ming Wang
name: Chang, Alex
name: Yu-Sun Chang
name: Hsin-Pai Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Table S8. Clinical characteristics of metastatic NPC patients with FFPE tissue cyclin D1 immnunohistochemical staining (2002â 2016). (PDF 364 kb)
Transient spectroscopic studies of photocatalysts for CO2 and proton reduction
Creators: name: Pastor Hernandez, Ernest
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: In this thesis, optical and electrochemical techniques are used to study the factors controlling catalytic function in solar-to-fuel conversion systems. Chapter 3, the first results chapter, considers a system for CO2 reduction based on a Re photocatalyst anchored to TiO2. This chapter reports evidence that the immobilisation of the photocatalyst via covalent bonds improves the stability of one of the key reaction intermediates resulting in higher catalytic yields. This chapter also provides insight into the nature and timescale of the steps in the mechanism of CO2 reduction. Chapter 4 considers a proton reduction system based on a Ru absorber, a Ni electrocatalyst and a sacrificial electron donor. This chapter discusses the mechanism behind the strong pH dependence in this system. The results show that whereas the electron transfer between the dye anions and the electrocatalyst is pH independent, the generation of dye anions and the catalytic function of the electrocatalyts have opposite pH-dependencies. Chapter 5 considers a photocathode for proton reduction based on a Cu2O/Al:ZnO buried p-n junction with protection and catalyst layers. The results presented show that the buried junction controls charge separation and the photocurrent onset. Furthermore, the catalyst layer is found to slow down charge recombination and help achieve high reduction yields. This chapter also discuses the mechanism of proton reduction and how the nature of the rate-limiting step has an impact in the recombination kinetics. Chapter 6 discusses the use of transient absorption spectroscopy to study high refractive index materials with high quality interfaces. This chapter investigates light interference effects in TiO2, Cu2O and a CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite device. The results show that interference effects in these materials can dominate their transient spectra, hindering its interpretation. However, it is found that this spectroscopy can also be used to extract information about the changes of the refractive index.
title: Detection of copy-move forgery in digital images using different computer vision approaches.
Creators: name: Abdalla, Younis E.
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newofundland
Year: 2020

description: Image forgery detection approaches are many and varied, but they generally all serve the same objectives: detect and localize the forgery. Copy-move forgery detection (CMFD) is widely spread and must challenge approach. In this thesis, We first investigate the problems and the challenges of the existed algorithms to detect copy-move forgery in digital images and then we propose integrating multiple forensic strategies to overcome these problems and increase the efficiency of detecting and localizing forgery based on the same image input source. Test and evaluate our copy-move forgery detector algorithm presented the outcome that has been enhanced by various computer vision field techniques. Because digital image forgery is a growing problem due to the increase in readily-available technology that makes the process relatively easy for forgers, we propose strategies and applications based on the PatchMatch algorithm and deep neural network learning (DNN). We further focus on the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture approach in a generative adversarial network (GAN) and transfer learning environment. The F-measure score (FM), recall, precision, accuracy, and efficiency are calculated in the proposed algorithms and compared with a selection of literature algorithms using the same evaluation function in order to make a fair evaluation. The FM score achieves 0.98, with an efficiency rate exceeding 90.5% in most cases of active and passive forgery detection tasks, indicating that the proposed methods are highly robust. The output results show the high efficiency of detecting and localizing the forgery across different image formats for active and passive forgery detection. Therefore, the proposed methods in this research successfully overcome the main investigated issues in copy-move forgery detection as such: First, increase efficiency in copy-move forgery detection under a wide range of manipulation process to a copy-moved image. Second, detect and localized the copy-move forgery patches versus the pristine patches in the forged image. Finally, our experiments show the overall validation accuracy based on the proposed deep learning approach is 90%, according to the iteration limit. Further enhancement of the deep learning and learning transfer approach is recommended for future work.
ARE THE NEARBY AND PHOTOMETRIC STELLAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS DIFFERENT?
Creators: name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stellar luminosity function derived from the sample of stars within 5.2--20~pc is the nearby luminosity function. The luminosity function obtained from deep low spatial resolution surveys to distances of typically 100--200~pc is the photometric luminosity function. We obtain and tabulate a best estimate of the parent distribution from which Malmquist corrected photometric luminosity functions are sampled. This is presently the most {\it accurate} and {\it precise} available estimate of the true distribution of stars with absolute magnitude for $M_{\rm V}\le16.5$, as derived from low-resolution surveys. Using rigorous statistical analysis we find that the hypothesis that the nearby and photometric luminosity functions estimate the same parent luminosity function can be discarded with 99~per~cent confidence or better for $M_{\rm V}>13,M_{\rm bol}>10$.
description: 14 pages, plain TeX, figures available on request, ApJ (to appear in Nov.1 issue of Part I)
Muon $g-2$ and Dark Matter in the MSSM
Creators: name: Cox, Peter
name: Han, Chengcheng
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility that both dark matter and the long-standing discrepancy in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon may be explained within the MSSM. In light of the stringent bounds from direct detection, we argue that the most promising viable scenarios have bino-like dark matter produced via either bino-wino or bino-slepton co-annihilation. We find that the combination of next-generation direct detection experiments and the LHC will be able to probe much of the interesting parameter space, however a future high-energy collider is needed to comprehensively explore this scenario.
description: 7 pages (two-column), 3 figures; v2: published version
Homo Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo

description: Homo [gen. nov.]
nosce Te ipsum (*)
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 20, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Feasibilty of extended treatment time on haemodialysis and effects on patient outcomes
Creators: name: Singh, Seemapreet Kaur
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The majority of patients requiring renal replacement therapy are dependent upon haemodialysis (HD). Although outcomes have improved significantly, the prognosis for patients reliant on HD remains sub-optimal. To improve outcomes the focus has been on intensive dialysis regimens, primarily facilitated by more frequent or intermittent nocturnal HD but with limited results. Centres advocating extended treatment time (TT), along with international registries, have demonstrated an association between extended TT and improved patient outcomes. But, the feasibility and efficacy of providing extended TT within in-centre thrice weekly shift-based day-time dialysis has not been formally examined. This thesis examines the effect of extended TT of 6 hours on thrice weekly HD versus standard TT of 4 hours in a prospective randomised cross-over study and demonstrates improved blood pressure control, nutritional status, patient experience and quality of life. This is despite both the 6-hour and 4-hour arms exceeding the minimum national dialysis dose target, as measured by a quotient of small molecule clearance, spKt/V. This finding challenges the accepted use of spKt/V as a single marker of adequate dialysis and promotes the use of a composite of meaningful patient-centred outcome measures alongside hard clinical endpoints. To assess the feasibility of extended TT within shift based day-time HD provision the opinions of both local and national staff were surveyed. The survey results provided unique insights into the difficulties of limited slots contrasting with increasing patient numbers and the limited circumstances under which extended TT is prescribed. This is primarily in patients who would otherwise be under-dialysed, indicated by a below target spKt/V. This thesis advances knowledge of the impact of extending TT as a means of intensifying HD prescription on markers of nutritional status, cardiovascular disease and patient experience. These findings justify incorporation of TT in HD quality standards.
Theoretical studies of epitaxial graphene formation on metal surfaces
Creators: name: Posthuma De Boer, Joel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: In this thesis we develop a set of phenomenological models that we apply to the problem of epitaxial growth of graphene on metal substrates. The high temperature and typically low flux conditions under which graphene growth occurs are such that state of the art techniques such as kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) are extremely difficult to apply to study the growth processes. Rather we utilise simpler theories based on rate equations and also develop a technique based on the phase-field method of island front tracking. The latter method may be considered to be an addition to the class of techniques known as "island dynamics" models [1]. We use rate equations to study the nucleation and growth of graphene and to explore the dehydrogenation sequence of ethylene CH2CH2 on iridium. In the former study we develop a method for parameterising the parameters appearing in rate theories and apply the method to correct a previously reported rate theory to account for the exponential dependence of island density on temperature. In the former we find that kinetic models parameterised with ab-initio calculations are able to account for much of the dehydrogenation sequence observed experimentally. Reasons for discrepancies for the species observed at 300 K are discussed. We then present a detailed explanation of the phase-field simulations of epitaxial growth in the submonolayer regime. We demonstrate how the method is able to obtain agreement with KMC simulations of reversible and irreversible aggregation by reporting on the island size distributions and the scaling of island density with D/J in both regimes. Here D is the diffusion constant of adatoms on the substrate and J is the deposition rate. Discrepancies for the scaling of island density with D/J when temperature is varied is traced back to the dependence of phase field parameters on temperature. This conclusion is strengthened by the quality of the results obtained for phase-field simulations obtained for fixed temperature and varying flux, J. We also show how a simple variation of the algorithm allows us to obtain agreement with results obtained from KMC simulations in which nucleation rules for critical nuclei are explicitly incorporated and where detachment of adatoms from island boundaries are forbidden. Finally, we describe how such a phenomenological method may be used to describe qualitatively the growth of graphene on polycrystalline copper substrates. [1] R. E. Caflisch, M. F. Gyure, B. Merriman, S. J. Osher, C. Ratsch, D. D. Vvedensky, and J. J. Zinck. Island dynamics and the level set method for epitaxial growth. Appl. Math. Lett., 12(4):13 – 22, 1999.
Using spike train distances to identify the most discriminative neuronal subpopulation
Creators: name: Satuvuori, Eero
name: Mulansky, Mario
name: Daffertshofer, Andreas
name: Kreuz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Spike trains of multiple neurons can be analyzed following the summed population (SP) or the labeled line (LL) hypothesis. Responses to external stimuli are generated by a neuronal population as a whole or the individual neurons have encoding capacities of their own. The SPIKE-distance estimated either for a single, pooled spike train over a population or for each neuron separately can serve to quantify these responses. New Method: For the SP case we compare three algorithms that search for the most discriminative subpopulation over all stimulus pairs. For the LL case we introduce a new algorithm that combines neurons that individually separate different pairs of stimuli best. Results: The best approach for SP is a brute force search over all possible subpopulations. However, it is only feasible for small populations. For more realistic settings, simulated annealing clearly outperforms gradient algorithms with only a limited increase in computational load. Our novel LL approach can handle very involved coding scenarios despite its computational ease. Comparison with Existing Methods: Spike train distances have been extended to the analysis of neural populations interpolating between SP and LL coding. This includes parametrizing the importance of distinguishing spikes being fired in different neurons. Yet, these approaches only consider the population as a whole. The explicit focus on subpopulations render our algorithms complimentary. Conclusions: The spectrum of encoding possibilities in neural populations is broad. The SP and LL cases are two extremes for which our algorithms provide correct identification results.
description: 14 pages, 9 Figures
Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in Black Hole Candidates as an Indicator of Transition Between Low and High States
Creators: name: Rutledge, Robert E.
name: Lewin, Walter H. G.
name: van der Klis, Michiel
name: van Paradijs, Jan
name: Dotani, Tadayasu
name: Vaughan, Brian
name: Belloni, Tomaso
name: Oosterbroek, Tim
name: Kouveliotou, Chryssa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By comparing positions on a spectral color-color diagram from 10 black hole candidates (BHCs) observed with Ginga (1354-64, 1826-24, 1630-47, LMC X-1, LMC X-3, GS 2000+25, GS 2023+33, GS 1124-68, Cyg X-1, and GX 339-4) with the observed broad-band noise (0.001-64 Hz; BBN) and quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) variability, we find that the so-called ``Very High State'' is spectrally intermediate to the Soft/High-State and Hard/Low-State. We find a transition point in spectral hardness where the dependence of the BHC QPO centroid frequency (of GS 1124-68 and GX 339-4) on spectral hardness switches from a correlation to an anti-correlation; where the BBN variability switches from High-State to Low-State; and where the spectral hardness of the QPO relative to that of the BBN variability is a maximum. This coincidence of changing behavior in both the QPO and the broad-band variability leads us to hypothesize that the QPO is due to interaction between the physical components which dominate the behaviors of BHCs when they occupy the Hard/Low and Soft/High States. We conclude that these QPO should be observed from BHCs during transition between these two states. Comparison with QPO and BBN behavior observed during the 1996 transition of Cyg X-1 supports this hypothesis. We also report 1-3 Hz QPO observed in GS 2000+25 and Cyg X-1 in the Hard/Low State, and we compare these to the QPO observed in GS 1124-68 and GX 339-4.
description: LaTeX, 39 pages, includes 14 figures, uses aasms4.sty