cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probability in Quantum Mechanics: The Everett Interpretation and the Decision-Theoretic Program
Creators: name: Chua, Meng Shuen
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics and History and Philosophy of Science
Physics

description: The Everett interpretation of quantum mechanics is an increasingly popular alternative to the traditional Copenhagen interpretation, but there are a few major issues that prevent the widespread adoption. One of these issues is the origin of probabilities in the Everett interpretation, which this thesis will attempt to survey. The most successful resolution of the probability problem thus far is the decision-theoretic program, which attempts to frame probabilities as outcomes of rational decision making. This marks a departure from orthodox interpretations of probabilities in the physical sciences, where probabilities are thought to be objective, stemming from symmetry considerations. This thesis will attempt to offer evaluations on the decision-theoretic program.
Universal Spectrum of Normal Modes in Low-Temperature Glasses: an Exact Solution
Creators: name: Franz, Silvio
name: Parisi, Giorgio
name: Urbani, Pierfrancesco
name: Zamponi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an analytical study of the vibrational spectrum of the simplest model of jamming, the soft perceptron. We identify two distinct classes of soft modes. The first kind of modes are related to isostaticity and appear only in the close vicinity of the jamming transition. The second kind of modes instead are present everywhere in the glass phase and are related to the hierarchical structure of the potential energy landscape. Our results highlight the universality of the spectrum of normal modes in disordered systems, and open the way towards a detailed analytical understanding of the vibrational spectrum of low-temperature glasses.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PNAS
The physiological impacts of wealth shocks in late life: Evidence from the Great Recession
Creators: name: Yang, Y. Claire
name: Boen, Courtney
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Given documented links between individual socioeconomic status (SES) and health, it is likely that—in addition to its impacts on individuals’ wallets and bank accounts—the Great Recession also took a toll on individuals’ disease and mortality risk. Exploiting a quasi-natural experiment design, this study utilizes nationally representative, longitudinal data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) (2005-2011) (N=930) and individual fixed effects models to examine how household-level wealth shocks experienced during the Great Recession relate to changes in biophysiological functioning in older adults. Results indicate that wealth shocks significantly predicted changes in physiological functioning, such that losses in net worth from the pre- to the post-Recession period were associated with increases in systolic blood pressure and C-reactive protein over the six year period. Further, while the association between wealth shocks and changes in blood pressure was unattenuated with the inclusion of other indicators of SES, psychosocial well-being, and health behaviors in analytic models, we document some evidence of mediation in the association between changes in wealth and changes in C-reactive protein, which suggests specificity in the social and biophysiological mechanisms relating wealth shocks and health at older ages. Linking macro-level conditions, meso-level household environments, and micro-level biological processes, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms through which economic inequality contributes to disease and mortality risk in late life.
Anyonic correlation functions in Chern-Simons matter theories
Creators: name: Gandhi, Yatharth
name: Jain, Sachin
name: John, Renjan Rajan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a novel relation between the parity even and odd parts of a correlator, we show that the 3-point function of conserved or weakly broken currents in 3d CFT can be obtained from just the free fermion (FF) or the free boson (FB) theory. In the special case of large $N$ Chern-Simons matter theories, we obtain the correlator in terms of a coupling constant dependent ``anyonic phase" factor. This anyonic phase factor was previously obtained in the $2\rightarrow 2$ exact S-matrix result and is consistent with strong-weak duality. By varying the coupling constant the CFT correlator interpolates nicely between the same in the FF and FB theories.
description: 23 pages, v2 : Subsection 5.4 on $\langle TTTT\rangle$ added. Added details of the strategy employed in Section 4. v3 : version accepted in PRD
Extended Carbon Line Emission in the Galaxy: Searching for Dark Molecular Gas along the G328 Sightline
Creators: name: Burton, Michael G.
name: Ashley, Michael C. B.
name: Braiding, Catherine
name: Freeman, Matthew
name: Kulesa, Craig
name: Wolfire, Mark G.
name: Hollenbach, David J.
name: Rowell, Gavin
name: Lau, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectral data cubes of the [CI] 809GHz, 12CO 115GHz, 13CO 110GHz and HI 1.4GHz line emission from an 1 square degree region along the l = 328° (G328) sightline in the Galactic Plane. Emission arises principally from gas in three spiral arm crossings along the sight line. The distribution of the emission in the CO and [CI] lines is found to be similar, with the [CI] slightly more extended, and both are enveloped in extensive HI. Spectral line ratios per voxel in the data cubes are found to be similar across the entire extent of the Galaxy. However, towards the edges of the molecular clouds the [CI]/13CO and 12CO/13CO line ratios rise by ~50%, and the [CI]/HI ratio falls by ~10$%. We attribute this to these sightlines passing predominantly through the surfaces of photodissociation regions (PDRs), where the carbon is found mainly as C or C+, while the H2 is mostly molecular, and the proportion of atomic gas also increases. We undertake modelling of the PDR emission from low density molecular clouds excited by average interstellar radiation fields and cosmic-ray ionization to quantify this comparison, finding that depletion of sulfur and reduced PAH abundance is needed to match line fluxes and ratios. Roughly one-third of the molecular gas along the sightline is found to be associated with this surface region, where the carbon is largely not to be found in CO. ~10% of the atomic hydrogen along the sightline is cold gas within PDRs.
description: 66 Pages, 21 Figures (2 in Appendix), 4 Tables, Accepted for Publication in The Astrophysical Journal, 13 August 2015, Ref ApJ/519068/ART
Thymoquinone and quercetin protect against hepatic steatosis in association with SIRT1/AMPK stimulation and regulation of autophagy, perilipin-2, and cytosolic lipases
Creators: name: Ashour, Hend
name: Rashed, Laila A.
name: Hassanein, Radwa T. M.
name: Aboulhoda, Basma E.
name: Ebrahim, Hasnaa A.
name: Elsayed, Mohamed H.
name: Elkordy, Miran A.
name: Abdelwahed, Omaima M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Plant Biology

description: We sought to investigate thymoquinone (TQ)/quercetin combination in preventing hepatic steatosis (HS). The included rat groups; (1) Control, (2) HS model, (3) HS treated with TQ 10 mg.kg−1.d−1, (4) HS treated with quercetin 50 mg.kg−1.d−1, and (5) HS treated with both compounds for 4 weeks. TQ/quercetin co-treatment augmented the anti-steatosis potential of each ingredient. The results revealed more (p < 0.001) sirtuin (SIRT1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) upregulation compared to each treatment in line with autophagy protein Atg7 enhancement, and suppressed pro-inflammatory and oxidation markers. They diminished the hepatic lipogenic enzymes and perilipin-2 and activated the cytosolic lipases adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Histological and Biochemical analysis revealed diminished lipid deposition and improved liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) compared to the data of separate treatments. TQ and quercitin effectively upregulated SIRT1/p-AMPK and regulated hepatic perilipin-2/ATGL, inflammation and oxidative stress, preserved liver structure and function. TQ/quercetin combination additively prevents HS.
The Women of Othello: Shakespeare's Reinterpretation of "A Moorish Captain"
Creators: name: Shastri, Gauri G.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Hallet Smith Shakespeare
subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities

description: William Shakespeare’s source for his tragedy Othello is the Italian novella “A Moorish Captain,” written by Giraldi Cinthio in 1565 as part of his work Hecatommithi. Shakespeare’s retelling of the story is particularly interesting because Shakespeare alters the roles of the important female characters of the play.
Wavelet-Packets for Deepfake Image Analysis and Detection
Creators: name: Wolter, Moritz
name: Blanke, Felix
name: Heese, Raoul
name: Garcke, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As neural networks become able to generate realistic artificial images, they have the potential to improve movies, music, video games and make the internet an even more creative and inspiring place. Yet, the latest technology potentially enables new digital ways to lie. In response, the need for a diverse and reliable method toolbox arises to identify artificial images and other content. Previous work primarily relies on pixel-space CNNs or the Fourier transform. To the best of our knowledge, synthesized fake image analysis and detection methods based on a multi-scale wavelet representation, localized in both space and frequency, have been absent thus far. The wavelet transform conserves spatial information to a degree, which allows us to present a new analysis. Comparing the wavelet coefficients of real and fake images allows interpretation. Significant differences are identified. Additionally, this paper proposes to learn a model for the detection of synthetic images based on the wavelet-packet representation of natural and GAN-generated images. Our lightweight forensic classifiers exhibit competitive or improved performance at comparatively small network sizes, as we demonstrate on the FFHQ, CelebA and LSUN source identification problems. Furthermore, we study the binary FaceForensics++ fake-detection problem.
description: Source code is available at https://github.com/gan-police/frequency-forensics and https://github.com/v0lta/PyTorch-Wavelet-Toolbox
Stabilization by Noise of a $\mathbb{C}^2$-Valued Coupled System
Creators: name: Chen, Joe P.
name: Ford, Lance
name: Kielty, Derek
name: Majumdar, Rajeshwari
name: McCain, Heather
name: O'Connell, Dylan
name: Shum, Fan Ny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34F05, 60H10 (primary), 76F20 (secondary)

description: Recently Herzog and Mattingly have shown that a $\mathbb{C}$-valued polynomial ODE which admits finite-time blow-up solutions may be stabilized by the addition of $\mathbb{C}$-valued Brownian noise. In this paper we extend their problem to a $\mathbb{C}^2$-valued system of coupled ODEs that also admits finite-time blow-up solutions. We show analytically and numerically that stabilization can be achieved in our setting by adding a suitable Brownian noise, and that the resulting system of SDEs is ergodic. The proof uses Girsanov theorem to effect a time change from our $\mathbb{C}^2$-system to a quasi-$\mathbb{C}$-system similar to the one studied by Herzog and Mattingly.
description: v4: 17 pages, 5 figures. Small typos corrected, refs added, section 1 revised. To appear in Stochastics and Dynamics
title: How did Cyanobacteria survive increased atmospheric O2levels during the Great Oxygenation Event? The role of Superoxide Dismutases (SOD)
Creators: name:  Tamanna ,  Sadia S.
name:  Boden ,  Joanne S.
name:  Baracaldo ,  Patricia Sánchez
name:  Gehringer ,  Michelle M.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Cyanobacteria are able to conduct oxygenic photosynthesis and are thought to have been responsible for the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE). The effect of increasing levels of atmospheric O2 on the physiology of Cyanobacteria is unknown. Cyanobacteria produce toxic superoxide ions during photosynthesis through the hydrolysis of water. In this project, we investigate the expression of the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzyme, which is responsible for eliminating the superoxide ion, in an ancestral marine species, Pseudanabaena sp. PCC7367. Growth curves based on Chlorophyll a and protein content were conducted under an anoxic atmosphere representing the ‘Archean’, and one representing Present Atmospheric Levels (PAL) of CO2 and O2. Expression of SOD genes was monitored over a day: night cycle, in conjunction with measuring oxygen release. The activity of the enzymes was assessed using native gel assays. The growth rate for Pseudanabaena sp. PCC7367 was highest for cultures grown under the anoxic atmosphere suggesting that modern levels of atmospheric O2 impair the growth of Cyanobacteria compared to the ‘Archean’ atmosphere. SOD gene expression was highest during the day when O2 levels were at their highest. Relative gene expression under both atmospheres was not significantly different, suggesting that the expression of SOD depends on cellular O2 production rather than atmospheric O2. Enzyme activity assays confirmed the synthesis of the SODs. In conclusion, this study suggests that increased atmospheric O2 levels would not have restricted the spread of Cyanobacteria as they would have required SODs once they acquired the ability to conduct oxygenic photosynthesis.
Objects of Interpretation in Othello
Creators: name: Nety, Suchita Patil
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Prose
subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities

description: The disintegration of female power is central to the progression of Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello . Iago’s rapid ascent and control is facilitated by subjugation of the women in the play. The promise of female power is contained in a seemingly inconsequential wisp of linen, Desdemona’s strawberry-patterned handkerchief. The handkerchief is a tangible symbol of female autonomy, both independently and in marriage. The loss of Desdemona’s handkerchief coincides with a rapid upset of the power dynamic between men and women. This results in the silencing of all three women in the play: Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. The most powerful insults to women are in the form of men assigning interpretations to their bodies, particularly their blood, sweat and tears, ultimately stripping women of their bodily autonomy. A handkerchief’s everyday use is to heal or otherwise contain these physiological substances; thus, the removal of the handkerchief from Desdemona’s possession leaves her vulnerable to Othello’s violence, through misogynistic rhetoric, physical abuse and arbitrary interpretation of her body.
Code Polymorphism Meets Code Encryption: Confidentiality and Side-Channel Protection of Software Components
Creators: name: Morel, Lionel
name: Couroussé, Damien
name: Hiscock, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we consider that, in practice, attack scenarios involving side-channel analysis combine two successive phases:an analysis phase, targeting the extraction of information about the target and the identification of possible vulnerabilities;and an exploitation phase, applying attack techniques on candidate vulnerabilities. We advocate that protections need to coverthese two phases in order to be effective against real-life attacks. We present PolEn, a toolchain and a processor architecturethat combine countermeasures in order to provide an effective mitigation of side-channel attacks: as a countermeasure againstthe analysis phase, our approach considers the use of code encryption; as a countermeasure against the exploitation phase,our approach considers the use of code polymorphism, because it relies on runtime code generation, and its combinationwith code encryption is particularly challenging. Code encryption is supported by a processor extension such that machineinstructions are only decrypted inside the CPU, which effectively prevents reverse engineering or any extraction of usefulinformation from memory dumps. Code polymorphism is implemented by software means. It regularly changes the observablebehaviour of the program, making it unpredictable for an attacker, hence reducing the possibility to exploit side-channelleakages. We present a prototype implementation, based on the RISC-V Spike simulator and a modified LLVM toolchain. Inour experimental evaluation, we illustrate that PolEn effectively reduces side-channel leakages. For the protected functionsevaluated, static memory use increases by a factor of 5 to 22, corresponding to the joint application of code encryption andcode polymorphism. The overhead, in terms of execution time, ranges between a factor of 1.8 and 4.6.
Basic PU(1,1)-representations of the hyperelliptic group are discrete
Creators: name: Franco, Felipe A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30F60, 51M10, 57S30

description: We show that a PU(1,1)-representation of the hyperelliptic group $H_{n}$ is basic if and only if it is discrete and faithful, thus partially proving a conjecture by S. Anan'in and E. Bento Gonçalves in the case of the Poincaré disc.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
The role of socioeconomic factors in Black-White health inequities across the life course: Point-in-time measures, long-term exposures, and differential health returns
Creators: name: Boen, Courtney
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Research links Black-White health disparities to racial differences in socioeconomic status (SES), but understanding of the role of SES in racial health gaps has been restricted by reliance on static measures of health and socioeconomic well-being that mask the dynamic quality of these processes and ignore the racialized nature of the SES-health connection. Utilizing twenty-three years of longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1984-2007), this study uses multilevel growth curve models to examine how multiple dimensions of socioeconomic well-being—including long-term economic history and differential returns to SES—contribute to the life course patterning of Black-White health disparities across two critical markers of well-being: body mass index (N=9,057) and self-rated health (N=11,329). Findings indicate that long-term SES exerts a significant influence on both body mass index and self-rated health, net of point-in-time measures, and that Black-White health gaps are smallest in models that adjust for both long-term and current SES. I also find that Blacks and Whites receive differential health returns to increases in SES, which suggests that other factors—such as neighborhood segregation and exposure racial discrimination—may restrict Blacks from converting increases in SES into health improvements in the same way as Whites. Together, these processes contribute to the life course patterning of Black-White health gaps and raise concerns about previous misestimation of the role of SES in racial health disparities.
title: Highlight report
title: Necrosis-apoptosis conundrum of hepatocytes
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: mode of hepatocyte death after acetaminophen intoxication
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ghallab, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610

description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 17 2018
Generalized Learning Vector Quantization for Classification in Randomized Neural Networks and Hyperdimensional Computing
Creators: name: Diao, Cameron
name: Kleyko, Denis
name: Rabaey, Jan M.
name: Olshausen, Bruno A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning algorithms deployed on edge devices must meet certain resource constraints and efficiency requirements. Random Vector Functional Link (RVFL) networks are favored for such applications due to their simple design and training efficiency. We propose a modified RVFL network that avoids computationally expensive matrix operations during training, thus expanding the network's range of potential applications. Our modification replaces the least-squares classifier with the Generalized Learning Vector Quantization (GLVQ) classifier, which only employs simple vector and distance calculations. The GLVQ classifier can also be considered an improvement upon certain classification algorithms popularly used in the area of Hyperdimensional Computing. The proposed approach achieved state-of-the-art accuracy on a collection of datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository - higher than previously proposed RVFL networks. We further demonstrate that our approach still achieves high accuracy while severely limited in training iterations (using on average only 21% of the least-squares classifier computational costs).
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
On Effects of Compression with Hyperdimensional Computing in Distributed Randomized Neural Networks
Creators: name: Rosato, Antonello
name: Panella, Massimo
name: Osipov, Evgeny
name: Kleyko, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A change of the prevalent supervised learning techniques is foreseeable in the near future: from the complex, computational expensive algorithms to more flexible and elementary training ones. The strong revitalization of randomized algorithms can be framed in this prospect steering. We recently proposed a model for distributed classification based on randomized neural networks and hyperdimensional computing, which takes into account cost of information exchange between agents using compression. The use of compression is important as it addresses the issues related to the communication bottleneck, however, the original approach is rigid in the way the compression is used. Therefore, in this work, we propose a more flexible approach to compression and compare it to conventional compression algorithms, dimensionality reduction, and quantization techniques.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Radio Astronomical Image Formation using Constrained Least Squares and Krylov Subspaces
Creators: name: Sardarabadi, Ahmad Mouri
name: Leshem, Amir
name: van der Veen, Alle-Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Image formation for radio astronomy can be defined as estimating the spatial power distribution of celestial sources over the sky, given an array of antennas. One of the challenges with image formation is that the problem becomes ill-posed as the number of pixels becomes large. The introduction of constraints that incorporate a-priori knowledge is crucial. In this paper we show that in addition to non-negativity, the magnitude of each pixel in an image is also bounded from above. Indeed, the classical "dirty image" is an upper bound, but a much tighter upper bound can be formed from the data using array processing techniques. This formulates image formation as a least squares optimization problem with inequality constraints. We propose to solve this constrained least squares problem using active set techniques, and the steps needed to implement it are described. It is shown that the least squares part of the problem can be efficiently implemented with Krylov subspace based techniques, where the structure of the problem allows massive parallelism and reduced storage needs. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using simulations.
Holomorphic family of Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonians in arbitrary dimension
Creators: name: Dereziński, Jan
name: Ruba, Błażej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study massless 1-dimensional Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonians, that is, operators on the half-line of the form $D_{ω,λ}:=\begin{bmatrix}-\frac{λ+ω}{x}&-\partial_x \\ \partial_x & -\frac{λ-ω}{x}\end{bmatrix}$. We describe their closed realizations in the sense of the Hilbert space $L^2(\mathbb R_+,\mathbb C^2)$, allowing for complex values of the parameters $λ,ω$. In physical situations, $λ$ is proportional to the electric charge and $ω$ is related to the angular momentum. We focus on realizations of $D_{ω,λ}$ homogeneous of degree $-1$. They can be organized in a single holomorphic family of closed operators parametrized by a certain 2-dimensional complex manifold. We describe the spectrum and the numerical range of these realizations. We give an explicit formula for the integral kernel of their resolvent in terms of Whittaker functions. We also describe their stationary scattering theory, providing formulas for a natural pair of diagonalizing operators and for the scattering operator. It is well-known that $D_{ω,λ}$ arise after separation of variables of the Dirac-Coulomb operator in dimension 3. We give a simple argument why this is still true in any dimension. Furthermore, we explain the relationship of spherically symmetric Dirac operators with the Dirac operator on the sphere and its eigenproblem. Our work is mainly motivated by a large literature devoted to distinguished self-adjoint realizations of Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonians. We show that these realizations arise naturally if the holomorphy is taken as the guiding principle. Furthermore, they are infrared attractive fixed points of the scaling action. Beside applications in relativistic quantum mechanics, Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonians are argued to provide a natural setting for the study of Whittaker (or, equivalently, confluent hypergeometric) functions.
description: Version published in Annales Henri Poincar\'e
Preliminary Results of a Scientometric Analysis of the German Information Retrieval Community 2020-2023
Creators: name: Schaer, Philipp
name: Myshkina, Svetlana
name: Keller, Jüri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The German Information Retrieval community is located in two different sub-fields: Information and computer science. There are no current studies that investigate these communities on a scientometric level. Available studies only focus on the information scientific part of the community. We generated a data set of 401 recent IR-related publications extracted from six core IR conferences from a mainly computer scientific background. We analyze this data set at the institutional and researcher level. The data set is publicly released, and we also demonstrate a mapping use case.
description: Data available at https://github.com/irgroup/LWDA2023-IR-community
title: Characterisation of biologically functionalised surfaces
Creators: name: Cotton, Christopher Mark
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Biomedical engineering.

description: The work presented in this thesis investigates a number of the issues relating to biosensor technology, in particular the controlled design of bioelectronic interfaces. Initially, the ability to produce mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols on gold is investigated. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) it is demonstrated, that through the displacement of a previously adsorbed monolayer by incubation in a secondary thiol (bearing an alternative headgroup) the degree of head-group functionality of a gold surface can be controlled. The interpretation of these XPS spectra also allows for the proposal of a mechanism by which this displacement may occur. Having shown that the headgroup functionality of a gold surface can be controlled in this manner, these methods are used to manipulate molecular recognition at electrode surfaces in a variety of manners. Mixed monolayers are used to control electron transfer reactions between the redox protein cytochrome c, as well as controlling the immobilisation of a variety of proteins to the electrode surface. In this fashion the fabrication of protein gradients is demonstrated. In addition to the use of SAMs protein gradients are also constructed by the manipulation of the competition of biotin and biotinylated proteins, for the biotin binding sites of immobilised avidin. In the final chapter, both photolithographic and non-photolithographic methods are used to fabricate micro-electrodes and micro-electrode arrays, suitable for application to high through put micro-electrochemical assays, where the effective immobilisation of proteins could be used to increase sensitivity and improve detection limits.
Microscopic dynamics of supercooled liquids from first principles
Creators: name: Janssen, Liesbeth M. C.
name: Reichman, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glasses are solid materials whose constituent atoms are arranged in a disordered manner. The transition from a liquid to a glass remains one of the most poorly understood phenomena in condensed matter physics, and still no fully microscopic theory exists that can describe the dynamics of supercooled liquids in a quantitative manner over all relevant time scales. Here we present such a theoretical framework that yields near-quantitative accuracy for the time-dependent correlation functions of a supercooled system over a broad density range. Our approach requires only simple static structural information as input and is based entirely based on first principles. Owing to this first-principles nature, the framework offers a unique platform to study the relation between structure and dynamics in glass-forming matter, and paves the way towards a systematically correctable and ultimately fully quantitative theory of microscopic glassy dynamics.
Evolutionary Tabletop Game Design: A Case Study in the Risk Game
Creators: name: Rossato, Lana Bertoldo
name: Bombardelli, Leonardo Boaventura
name: Tavares, Anderson Rocha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Creating and evaluating games manually is an arduous and laborious task. Procedural content generation can aid by creating game artifacts, but usually not an entire game. Evolutionary game design, which combines evolutionary algorithms with automated playtesting, has been used to create novel board games with simple equipment; however, the original approach does not include complex tabletop games with dice, cards, and maps. This work proposes an extension of the approach for tabletop games, evaluating the process by generating variants of Risk, a military strategy game where players must conquer map territories to win. We achieved this using a genetic algorithm to evolve the chosen parameters, as well as a rules-based agent to test the games and a variety of quality criteria to evaluate the new variations generated. Our results show the creation of new variations of the original game with smaller maps, resulting in shorter matches. Also, the variants produce more balanced matches, maintaining the usual drama. We also identified limitations in the process, where, in many cases, where the objective function was correctly pursued, but the generated games were nearly trivial. This work paves the way towards promising research regarding the use of evolutionary game design beyond classic board games.
description: Published in the 22nd Brazilian Symposium on Games and Digital Entertainment (SBGames 2023)
Light mesons around critical end points in $T-μ_B-μ_I-eB$ space
Creators: name: Li, Luyang
name: Mao, Shijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light mesons $(σ, π^0, π^\pm)$ are investigated in $T-μ_B-μ_I-eB$ space by using a two-flavor NJL model, which are related to the chiral symmetry restoration and pion superfluid phase transition. In $T-μ_B-eB$ space, during the chiral restoration process, the mass of pseudo-Goldstone mode $π^0$ keeps increasing, together with the sudden mass jump. At the critical end point region, $π^0$ meson has a very sharp but continuous mass increase, together with a sudden mass jump at the Mott transition, and in the first order chiral phase transition region nearby, we observe twice $π^0$ mass jumps, induced by the Mott transition and quark mass jump, respectively. The mass of Higgs mode $σ$ first decreases and then increases associated with the chiral symmetry restoration, and shows a jump at the first order chiral phase transition. We plot the chiral phase diagram in terms of the change of quark mass, the Mott transition of $π^0$ and the minimum mass of $σ$. Due to the explicit breaking of chiral symmetry in physical case, the chiral restoration phase boundaries in $T-μ_B$ plane from the order parameter and meson side are different from each other. In $T-μ_I$ plane, the competition between pion superfluid phase transition and chiral symmetry restoration under magnetic fields is studied in terms of the Goldstone mode $π^+$ and the pseudo-Goldstone mode $π^0$. The separation of the two phase boundaries is enhanced by the external magnetic field. Different from the twice mass jumps of $π^0$ in the first order chiral phase transition region, the $π^+$ meson displays several mass jumps in the chiral crossover region. At the critical end point, $π^+$ also shows very sharp but continuous mass changes, together with a mass jump at the Mott transition.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
On Hawking Radiation of 3D Rotating Hairy Black Holes
Creators: name: Belhaj, A.
name: Chabab, M.
name: Moumni, H. EL
name: Masmar, K.
name: Sedra, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Hawking radiation of 3D rotating hairy black holes. More concretely, we compute the transition probability of a bosonic and fermionic particle in such backgrounds. Thew, we show that the transition probability is independent of the nature of the particle. It is observed that the charge of the scalar hair B and the rotation parameter a control such a probability.
description: 8 pages. latex. Final version accepted by Chin. Phys. Lett (2015)
Mexico's quest for alternatives: adopting a human security and integrity-building approach to the militarization of the Mexican National Guard
Creators: name: Palou Bueno, Nuria
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Mexico
human rights violations
security
military
armed forces
national security
democratisation

description: Second semester University: University of Zagreb
description: A Human Security crisis is underway in Mexico. The amount of human rights abuses and violations made by armed forces and police in the territory during the last 13 years has made it very difficult to think that the current government will properly implement and succeed with the creation of the so-called “National Guard.” A contribution to the creation of this new National Guard throughout a human security and integrity building perspective is the innovative approach of this text. The aim of this thesis is to scrutinize the lack of mechanisms to create such a military force, particularly a study of the background and miscalculations regarding the two last presidential terms. The case study of the application of the integrity building toolkit to provide a genuinely new intention to this armed force. In this text, I acknowledge public opinion, civil society, security experts and politicians’ insights to examine from 180 degrees if the creation of this National Guard in Mexico is the way to go. Additionally, this document will reconsider the application of the Integrity Building Program and review how it could be applied to Mexico´s new National Guard in order to prevent more wrongdoings by military forces and, at the same time, produce results. Key words: Mexico, Human Rights, Human Security, Citizen Security, Civil-Military Relations, National Security, Democratic Transition, National Guard, Integrity Building
Integrable quantum many-body sensors for AC field sensing
Creators: name: Mishra, Utkarsh
name: Bayat, Abolfazl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum sensing is inevitably an elegant example of the supremacy of quantum technologies over their classical counterparts. One of the desired endeavors of quantum metrology is AC field sensing. Here, by means of analytical and numerical analysis, we show that integrable many-body systems can be exploited efficiently for detecting the amplitude of an AC field. Unlike the conventional strategies in using the ground states in critical many-body probes for parameter estimation, we only consider partial access to a subsystem. Due to the periodicity of the dynamics, any local block of the system saturates to a steady state which allows achieving sensing precision well beyond the classical limit, almost reaching the Heisenberg bound. We associate the enhanced quantum precision to closing of the Floquet gap, resembling the features of quantum sensing in the ground state of critical systems. We show that the proposed protocol can also be realized in near-term quantum simulators, e.g. ion-traps, with a limited number of qubits. We show that in such systems a simple block magnetization measurement and a Bayesian inference estimator can achieve very high precision AC field sensing.
description: 20 pages, 8+2 figures, comments welcome
Varying cognitive targets and response rates to enhance the question-behaviour effect: An 8-arm Randomized Controlled Trial on influenza vaccination uptake
Creators: name: Nekitsing, Chandani
name: Hutter, Russell
name: Conner, Mark
name: Wood, Chantelle
name: Sandberg, Tracy
name: Jackson, Cath
name: Sheeran, Paschal
name: Godin, Gaston
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: RATIONALE: The question-behaviour effect (QBE) refers to the finding that survey questions about a behaviour can change that behaviour. However, little research has tested how the QBE can be maximized in behavioural medicine settings. The present research tested manipulations of cognitive targets (questions about anticipated regret or beneficence) and survey return rates (presence vs. absence of a sticky note requesting completion of the questionnaire) on the magnitude of the QBE for influenza vaccination in older adults.

METHOD: Participants (N = 13,803) were recruited from general practice and randomly allocated to one of eight conditions: control 1 (no questionnaire); control 2 (demographics questionnaire); intention and attitude questionnaire (with or without a sticky note); intention and attitude plus anticipated regret questionnaire (with or without a sticky note); intention and attitude plus beneficence questionnaire (with or without a sticky note). Objective records of subsequent influenza vaccination from general practice records formed the dependent variable.

RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analyses indicated that receiving an influenza vaccination questionnaire significantly increased vaccination rates compared to the no questionnaire, OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.36 and combined control conditions, OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.25. Including the sticky note significantly increased questionnaire return rates, OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.50. However, there were no differences in vaccination rates between questionnaires containing different cognitive targets, a sticky note or not, and no interactions. There were no significant differences in the per-protocol analyses, i.e. among respondents who completed and returned the questionnaires.

CONCLUSION: The QBE is a simple, low-cost intervention to increase influenza vaccination rates. Increasing questionnaire return rates or asking anticipated regret or beneficence questions in addition to intention and attitude questions did not enhance the QBE.
Tuning Co- and Contra-Variant Transforms: the Heisenberg Group Illustration
Creators: name: Ameer, Amerah A. Al
name: Kisil, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C40, 43A80

description: We discuss a fine tuning of the co- and contra-variant transforms through construction of specific fiducial and reconstructing vectors. The technique is illustrated on three different forms of induced representations of the Heisenberg group. The covariant transform provides intertwining operators between pairs of representations. In particular, we obtain the Zak transform as an induced covariant transform intertwining the Schrödinger representation on $\mathsf{L}_2(\mathbb{R})$ and the lattice (nilmanifold) representation on $\mathsf{L}_2\big(\mathbb{T}^2\big)$. Induced covariant transforms in other pairs are Fock-Segal-Bargmann and theta transforms. Furthermore, we describe peelings which map the group-theoretical induced representations to convenient representation spaces of analytic functions. Finally, we provide a condition which can be imposed on the reconstructing vector in order to obtain an intertwining operator from the induced contravariant transform.
Excitation spectrum of a multilevel atom coupled with a dielectric nanostructure
Creators: name: Moroz, N. A.
name: Gerasimov, L. V.
name: Manukhova, A. D.
name: Kupriyanov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a microscopic calculation scheme for the excitation spectrum of a single-electron atom localized near a dielectric nanostructure. The atom originally has an arbitrary degenerate structure of its Zeeman sublevels on its closed optical transition and we follow how the excitation spectrum would be modified by its radiative coupling with a mesoscopicaly small dielectric sample of arbitrary shape. The dielectric medium is modeled by a dense ensemble of $V$-type atoms having the same dielectric permittivity near the transition frequency of the reference atom. Our numerical simulations predict strong coupling for some specific configurations and then suggest promising options for quantum interface and quantum information processing at the level of single photons and atoms. In particular, the strong resonance interaction between atom(s) and light, propagating through a photonic crystal waveguide, justifies as realistic the scenario of a signal light coupling with a small atomic array consisting of a few atoms. As a potential implication, the directional one-dimensional resonance scattering, expected in such systems, could provide a quantum bus by entangling distant atoms integrated into a quantum register.
Phase structure of the CP(1) model in the presence of a topological $θ$-term
Creators: name: Nakayama, Katsumasa
name: Funcke, Lena
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Kao, Ying-Jer
name: Kühn, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically study the phase structure of the CP(1) model in the presence of a topological $θ$-term, a regime afflicted by the sign problem for conventional lattice Monte Carlo simulations. Using a bond-weighted tensor renormalization group method, we compute the free energy for inverse couplings ranging from $0\leq β\leq 1.1$ and find a CP-violating, first-order phase transition at $θ=π$. In contrast to previous findings, our numerical results provide no evidence for a critical coupling $β_c<1.1$ above which a second-order phase transition emerges at $θ=π$ and/or the first-order transition line bifurcates at $θ\neqπ$. If such a critical coupling exists, as suggested by Haldane's conjecture, our study indicates that is larger than $β_c>1.1$.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, v2: updated to match journal version
Immersed Virtual Element Methods for Elliptic Interface Problems in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Cao, Shuhao
name: Chen, Long
name: Guo, Ruchi
name: Lin, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N15, 65N30

description: This article presents an immersed virtual element method for solving a class of interface problems that combines the advantages of both body-fitted mesh methods and unfitted mesh methods. A background body-fitted mesh is generated initially. On those interface elements, virtual element spaces are constructed as solution spaces to local interface problems, and exact sequences can be established for these new spaces involving discontinuous coefficients. The discontinuous coefficients of interface problems are recast as Hodge star operators that are the key to project immersed virtual functions to classic immersed finite element (IFE) functions for computing numerical solutions. An a priori convergence analysis is established robust with respect to the interface location. The proposed method is capable of handling more complicated interface element configuration and provides better performance than the conventional penalty-type IFE method for the H(curl)-interface problem arising from Maxwell equations. It also brings a connection between various methods such as body-fitted methods, IFE methods, virtual element methods, etc.