cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lithium abundance is a gravitational model dependent quantity
Creators: name: Wojnar, Aneta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dependence of lithium abundance on modified gravity in low-mass stellar objects is demonstrated. This may introduce an additional uncertainty to age determination techniques of young stars and globular clusters if they rely on the light element depletion method.
description: 6 pages, 1 table, more details on Palatini gravity and stellar structure added; version accepted to PRD
Representations of gender in Barbara Pentland’s Disasters of the Sun
Creators: name: Tilley, Janette Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines Barbara Pentland's relationship with feminist and gender issues as explored in her 1976 song cycle Disasters of the Sun. The first half of this thesis provides biographical information and some of Pentland's thoughts on being a woman composer in Canada. It briefly examines the collaboration between Pentland and the poet Dorothy Livesay and their relationship with the feminist movement in Canada. The latter half of this study is devoted to a detailed analysis of the seven songs in the cycle.
IMPACT OF OFF-FARM INCOME ON ADOPTION OF CONSERVATION PRACTICES
Creators: name: Gedikoglu, Haluk
name: McCann, Laura M.J.
name: Gedikoglu, Haluk
name: McCann, Laura M.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Off-farm income has recently been incorporated into the analysis of technology adoption, due to its increasing share in total farm household income in the U.S. Previous studies, however, found inconsistent results with respect to the impact of off-farm income on adoption of conservation practices. The contribution of the current study is to provide a conceptual model which shows that off-farm work has positive impact on adoption of capital incentive practices and negative impact on adoption labor intensive technologies. The results of multivariate probit regression confirms that adoption of injecting manure into the soil, which is a capital intensive practice, is positively and significantly impacted by off-farm work, and adoption of record keeping, which is a labor intensive practice, is negatively and significantly impacted by off-farm work.
Comparison of along-track resolution of SARAL/AltiKa and ENVISAT-RA2 satellite altimeters over continental margins
Creators: name: Krishna, D. V. P.
name: Sreejith, K. M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The objective of the present study is to systematically quantify the along-track resolution of Satellite for Argos and AltiKa (SARAL)/AltiKa and Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT)-RA2 altimeters over continental margins. Spectral coherence and power spectral density estimated from pairs of stacked (averaged) sea surface height (SSH) profiles from repeat tracks as a function of wave number are used to estimate along-track resolution and noise characteristics, respectively. The analyses were carried out along 96 SARAL/AltiKa and ENIVISAT-RA2 tracks covering continental margins of India, Gulf of Mexico, and South America. Our study clearly suggests that for all three sites the short-wavelength resolution of SARAL/AltiKa (15–18 km) is ~27–33% better than ENVISAT-RA2 (22–25 km) data. Variations in sediment thickness along the continental margins have significant influence in the along-track resolution of both altimeters. Strong geoid signals owing to thin sediments (0.1–0.3 km thick) along the South American margin provided higher resolution for both SARAL/AltiKa (15 km) and ENVISAT-RA2 (22 km) altimeters. Conversely, over the continental margins of India and Gulf of Mexico with huge sediment thickness (1–20 km), the resolution of SARAL/AltiKa and ENVISAT-RA2 drops to 18 and 25 km, respectively. We also observe that resolution of both altimeters is higher by 1–2 km for continental margins with narrow shelf. The present study has implications in the generation of high-resolution marine geoid and gravity anomalies using SARAL/AltiKa along with other altimeters.
Invasive Species Management: Importers, Border Enforcement, and Risk
Creators: name: Ameden, Holly A.
name: Cash, Sean B.
name: Zilberman, David
name: Ameden, Holly A.
name: Cash, Sean B.
name: Zilberman, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Invasive species are a negative externality associated with imported goods. Policies aimed at excluding pests associated with imports include pre-shipment treatment requirements, varied inspection schemes, treatment at the border, penalties, and import bans or restrictions. Existing policies are based on the reasoning that increased enforcement effort will result in higher detection levels, or more specifically, that increased inspection will result in a higher number of interceptions and in turn, higher compliance. In addition to a deterrence effect, however, under which importers respond to increased enforcement with increased due care with respect to pest control, importers may respond in ways that regulators do not intend. For example, importers may choose to not bring goods into the country, may ship a reduced amount, or may switch ports-of-entry. Moreover, different types of firms are likely to respond to enforcement in different ways. In this paper, we present a framework to analyze invasive species border enforcement given heterogeneous importers and ports. We develop a theoretical model of firm response to border enforcement, analyze both the intended and unintended effects of this enforcement for different types of firms, and evaluate the tradeoffs associated with location. Firms not only consider the changes in the levels of enforcement and other conditions at a single port, they consider the cost and benefit tradeoffs associated with location e.g., differences in inspection intensity or port-entry fees versus distance to port-of-entry and final market across ports and may switch ports. The result is that increased inspection intensity may not result the overall damages from invasive species introductions.
Endophytic Aureobasidium pullulans BSS6 assisted developments in phytoremediation potentials of Cucumis sativus under Cd and Pb stress
Creators: name: Ali, Amjad
name: Bilal, Saqib
name: Khan, Abdul Latif
name: Fazal Mabood
name: Al-Harrasi, Ahmed
name: In-Jung Lee
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: In the current study, we aimed to elucidate the bioremediating potential of endophytic fungi during various heavy metals stresses to the cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants. Preliminary screening showed that endophyte (Aureobasidium. pullulans BSS6) produced IAA and extra-cellular enzymes (phosphatase, cellulase and glucosidase). Therefore, BSS6 was inoculated to cucumber plants during short term (24 h) heavy metals stress (STM) and long-term (7 days) heavy metals stress (LTM). Results showed that antioxidant activities (catalase, peroxidase and reduced glutathione) were significantly enhanced and lipid peroxidation inhibited during stress conditions in A. pullulans BSS6 inoculated plants, particularly in LTM stress. The ameliorative effects of BSS6 were evident from the quantification of results and were found to significantly regulate soil enzymatic activities: including (β -glucosidase, phosphatases and cellulases) during STM and LTM. Hence, endophytic BSS6 proved to be efficient in improving cucumber tolerance during metal contamination via regulating soil enzymatic activities to reduce metal uptake and boost the antioxidant system.
Assessing the Response of Farm Households to Dairy Policy Reform in Israel
Creators: name: Kimhi, Ayal
name: Rubin, Ofir D.
name: Kimhi, Ayal
name: Rubin, Ofir D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: milk policy reform
subject: technology adoption
subject: intergenerational succession.

description: After nearly fifty years of stability and stagnation of dairy market regulations in Israel, a dramatic policy reform has been enacted in 1999. The reform enabled farm households, for the first time, to trade production quotas. In addition, the reform signaled to farmers that milk prices will gradually go down in real terms, and therefore only producers who expand and become more efficient will prevail. The reform allowed for generous financial support for investment in expansion, but also required the adoption of environmental regulations which could be costly to many farm families. This paper uses data from a census of small family-operated dairy enterprises that was conducted in 2001, in order to analyze the response of farm households to the reform. The results imply that the reform was particularly attractive for already strong producers. Weaker producers are less attracted by the reform and will likely fade away by default in the long run. Another finding is that intergenerational succession is an important element of decision making of milk producers. Hence, the response of farm households to changes in the economic environment cannot be disentangled from the occupational decisions of their offspring. These findings imply that the desired structural change in the family-farm milk production sector will take much longer than expected, essentially as long as the current generation of producers is around. This requires, perhaps, an extension of the reform period or a change in incentives in favor of the smaller and older producers.
Depolarisation cooling of an atomic cloud
Creators: name: Hensler, S.
name: Greiner, A.
name: Stuhler, J.
name: Pfau, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a cooling scheme based on depolarisation of a polarised cloud of trapped atoms. Similar to adiabatic demagnetisation, we suggest to use the coupling between the internal spin reservoir of the cloud and the external kinetic reservoir via dipolar relaxation to reduce the temperature of the cloud. By optical pumping one can cool the spin reservoir and force the cooling process. In case of a trapped gas of dipolar chromium atoms, we show that this cooling technique can be performed continuously and used to approach the critical phase space density for BEC
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Bacillus megaterium strain A12 ameliorates salinity stress in tomato plants through multiple mechanisms
Creators: name: Akram, Waheed
name: Hina Aslam
name: Ahmad, Sajid Rashid
name: Tehmina Anjum
name: Yasin, Nasim Ahmad
name: Khan, Waheed Ullah
name: Aqeel Ahmad
name: Juxian Guo
name: Tingquan Wu
name: Wenlong Luo
name: Guihua Li
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Plants must cope with the stress conditions to survive. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria can improve plant growth either directly or indirectly under stress conditions. However, the possible mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that Bacillus megaterium strain A12 (BMA12) maintains hormonal and redox homeostasis and restores the photosynthetic efficacy of tomato plants through multiple mechanisms to survive under salinity stress conditions. Tomato plants were co-cultivated with BMA12 under saline conditions. The application of BMA12 significantly increased plant growth and photosynthetic capacity. BMA12 decreased production of ROS and ethylene but increased expression levels of selected genes responsible for repairing of damaged photosynthetic apparatus and maintenance of redox homeostasis. Furthermore, BMA12 significantly altered metabolic profile to restore perturbations of tomato plant physiology impaired with salinity stress. This study proves that BMA12 can be used in the conventional agriculture system in the salinity effected fields.
An energy-landscape-based crossover temperature in glass-forming liquids
Creators: name: González-López, Karina
name: Lerner, Edan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The systematic identification of temperature scales in supercooled liquids that are key to understanding those liquids' underlying glass properties, and the latter's formation-history dependence, is a challenging task. Here we study the statistics of particles' squared displacements $δr^2$ between equilibrium liquid configurations at temperature $T$, and their underlying inherent states, using computer simulations of 11 different computer-glass-formers. We show that the relative fluctuations of $δr^2$ are nonmonotonic in $T$, exhibiting a maximum whose location defines the crossover temperature $T_{\small{\mathsf{X}}}$. Therefore, $T_{\small{\mathsf{X}}}$ marks the point of maximal heterogeneity during the process of tumbling down the energy landscape, starting from an equilibrium liquid state at temperature $T$, down to its underlying inherent state. We extract $T_{\small{\mathsf{X}}}$ for the 11 employed computer glasses, ranging from tetrahedral glasses to packings of soft elastic spheres, and demonstrate its usefulness in putting the elastic properties of different glasses on the same footing. Interestingly, we further show that $T_{\small{\mathsf{X}}}$ marks the crossover between two distinct regimes of the mean $\langleδr^2\rangle$: a high temperature regime in which $\langleδr^2\rangle$ scales approximately as $T^{0.5}$, and a deeply-supercooled regime in which $\langleδr^2\rangle$ scales approximately as $T^{1.3}$. Further research directions are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
The QCD Axion and Gravitational Waves in light of NANOGrav results
Creators: name: Ramberg, Nicklas
name: Visinelli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) collaboration has recently reported strong evidence for a stochastic process affecting the 12.5 yr dataset of pulsar timing residuals. We show that the signal can be interpreted in terms of a stochastic gravitational wave background emitted from a network of axionic strings in the early Universe. The spontaneous breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry originate the axionic string network and the QCD axion, the dark matter particle in the model. We explore a non-standard cosmological model driven by an exotic scalar field $ϕ$ which evolves under the influence of a self-interacting potential; the axion field starts to oscillate during the modified cosmology, and provides the dark matter observed. For an equation of state $w_ϕ< 1/3$, the QCD axion mass is smaller than expected in the standard cosmology and the GW spectrum from axionic strings is larger. We assess the parameter space of the model which is consistent with the NANOGrav-$12.5\,$yr detection, which can be explained within 95\% limit by a QCD axion field evolving in a dust-like scenario, as well as within 68\% limit in a cosmology with $w_ϕ< 0$.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure. Based on work presented in 1904.05707. Matches published version
Environmental Labeling and Technology Adoption in the Presence of Strategic Interactions
Creators: name: Konishi, Yoshifumi
name: Konishi, Yoshifumi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: ecolabeling
subject: emissions
subject: product differentiation
subject: technology adoption

description: This manuscript analyzes the effect of binary ecolabeling on the strategic competition of Cournot duopolists in environmental technology and the output market. Under binary labeling, firms' abatement technologies are not directly observable by consumers but are certified if they satisfy preset ecological standards. Given this asymmetry, I set up the regulator's problem as one of choosing a technology standard, or "cutoff," in emissions per unit of output, below which all abatement efficiency levels are certified. The regulatory authority faces a trade-off in choosing the socially optimal cutoff: The regulator would like to raise the standard to reduce emissions but needs to lower it in order to induce technology adoption. There are three important findings: (1) ecolabeling is the second-best instrument in that choosing the optimal cutoff per se can never achieve the first-best outcome; (2) efficiency loss in terms of the difference between the first-best and the second-best total surpluses may or may not be large, depending on the extent of the certification barriers; and (3) setting too high or too low a standard is not only inefficient, but can also lead to an increase in total emissions relative to the status quo. Thus, setting the technology cutoff optimally is of crucial importance.
Grammatical elicitation: Verbal agreement paradigms
Creators: name: Calmo Jerónimo, Brenda
name: Lemon, Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: mvj

description: Verb 'give' in future tense to test for both subject and object agreement, and 'carry' in present progressive to test for both subject and object agreement
Dynamics of the Inflationary Flow Equations
Creators: name: Chongchitnan, Sirichai
name: Efstathiou, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a dynamical analysis of the inflationary flow equations. Our technique uses the Hubble `jerk' parameter as a discriminant of stability of fixed points. The results of the analysis are used to explain qualitatively the distribution of various observable parameters (e.g. the tensor-scalar ratio, r, and scalar spectral index, n_s) seen in numerical solutions of the flow equations using stochastic initial conditions. Finally, we give a physical interpretation of the flow in phase-space in terms of slow-roll motion of the inflaton.
description: 9 pages 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Additional file 1 of Psychosocial factors associated with intention to pursue tertiary education among Malawian students: the moderating effect of mental health
Creators: name: Slekiene, Jurgita
name: Chidziwisano, Kondwani
name: Tilley, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Deflection Behavior of Asphaltic Concrete Pavements
Creators: name: Southgate, Herbert F.
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Deflection responses of a series of experimental test sections were obtained layer by layer during construction, upon completion of construction, and subsequent to construction. Deflections were obtained by use of Benkelman beams, the Road Rater, and the Dynaflect. Test results from one location within each test section were analyzed to determine which relationships were, or were not, meaningful. This was done as a pilot study and as a preliminary step toward final analysis of the data bank. The analyses are presented in this report.
Trapped p-wave superfluids: a local density approach
Creators: name: Iskin, M.
name: Williams, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local density approximation is used to study the ground state superfluid properties of harmonically trapped p-wave Fermi gases as a function of fermion-fermion attraction strength. While the density distribution is bimodal on the weakly attracting BCS side, it becomes unimodal with increasing attraction and saturates towards the BEC side. This non-monotonic evolution is related to the topological gapless to gapped phase transition, and may be observed via radio-frequency spectroscopy since quasi-particle transfer current requires a finite threshold only on the BEC side.
description: 4 pages and 4 figures, to be submitted to PRA
Use of the Hedonic Method to Estimate Lake Sedimentation Impacts on Property Values in Mountain Park and Roswell, GA
Creators: name: Hill, Elizabeth
name: Pugh, Sam
name: Mullen, Jeffrey D.
name: Hill, Elizabeth
name: Pugh, Sam
name: Mullen, Jeffrey D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Metropolitan Atlanta has experienced explosive population growth in the past few decades, which has resulted in rapid residential growth. The City of Roswell is one the best examples of residential growth on the urban fringe of Atlanta, with its housing stock increasing by more than 50 percent from 1990 to 2000. Stormwater runoff created from these development sites is expected to be causing sedimentation accumulation in lakes within Roswell and a neighboring, downstream wildlife refuge located in the City of Mountain Park. Because sedimentation tends to fill-in and shrink lakes, our results provide some indication of the potential property damages associated with sedimentation. Furthermore, our results provide evidence that lake value is not monotonically increasing with lake size, which is believed to be due to the influence that geographic, environmental, and social factors have on the degree to which lakes add value to housing prices.
Desorption rates and sticking coefficients for CO and N2 interstellar ices
Creators: name: Bisschop, S. E.
name: Fraser, H. J.
name: Oberg, K. I.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Schlemmer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) experiments of CO and N2 ices in pure, layered and mixed morphologies at various ice "thicknesses" and abundance ratios as well as simultaneously taken Reflection Absorption Infrared Spectra (RAIRS) of CO. A kinetic model has been developed to constrain the binding energies of CO and N2 in both pure and mixed environments and to derive the kinetics for desorption, mixing and segregation. For mixed ices N2 desorption occurs in a single step whereas for layered ices it proceeds in two steps, one corresponding to N2 desorption from a pure N2 ice environment and one corresponding to desorption from a mixed ice environment. The latter is dominant for astrophysically relevant ice "thicknesses". The ratio of the binding energies, Rbe, for pure N2 and CO is found to be 0.936 +/- 0.03, and to be close to 1 for mixed ice fractions. The model is applied to astrophysically relevant conditions for cold pre-stellar cores and for protostars which start to heat their surroundings. The importance of treating CO desorption with zeroth rather than first order kinetics is shown. The experiments also provide lower limits of 0.87 +/- 0.05 for the sticking probabilities of CO-CO, N2-CO and N2-N2 ices at 14 K. The combined results from the desorption experiments, the kinetic model, and the sticking probability data lead to the conclusion that these solid-state processes of CO and N2 are very similar under astrophysically relevant conditions. This conclusion affects the explanations for the observed anti-correlations of gaseous CO and N2H+ in pre-stellar and protostellar cores.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, plus appendix of 2 pages containing 2 figures, Accepted by A&A
TapType: Ten-finger text entry on everyday surfaces via Bayesian inference
Creators: name: Streli, Paul
name: Jiang, Jiaxi
name: Fender, Andreas
name: Meier, Manuel
name: Romat, Hugo
name: Holz, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5; I.5

description: Despite the advent of touchscreens, typing on physical keyboards remains most efficient for entering text, because users can leverage all fingers across a full-size keyboard for convenient typing. As users increasingly type on the go, text input on mobile and wearable devices has had to compromise on full-size typing. In this paper, we present TapType, a mobile text entry system for full-size typing on passive surfaces--without an actual keyboard. From the inertial sensors inside a band on either wrist, TapType decodes and relates surface taps to a traditional QWERTY keyboard layout. The key novelty of our method is to predict the most likely character sequences by fusing the finger probabilities from our Bayesian neural network classifier with the characters' prior probabilities from an n-gram language model. In our online evaluation, participants on average typed 19 words per minute with a character error rate of 0.6% after 30 minutes of training. Expert typists thereby consistently achieved more than 25 WPM at a similar error rate. We demonstrate applications of TapType in mobile use around smartphones and tablets, as a complement to interaction in situated Mixed Reality outside visual control, and as an eyes-free mobile text input method using an audio feedback-only interface.
description: In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Total reality of conormal bundles of hypersurfaces in almost complex manifolds
Creators: name: Spiro, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C15; 53D10

description: A generalization to the almost complex setting of a well-known result by S. Webster is given. Namely, we prove that if $Γ$ is a strongly pseudoconvex hypersurface in an almost complex manifold $(M, J)$, then the conormal bundle of $Γ$ is a totally real submanifold of $(T^*M, \J)$, where $\J$ is the lifted almost complex structure on $T^*M$ defined by Ishihara and Yano.
description: 8 pages
The Performance of Chicago Board of Trade Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Futures Contracts after Recent Changes in Speculative Limits
Creators: name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Good, Darrel L.
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Good, Darrel L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: corn
subject: futures contract
subject: performance
subject: soybeans
subject: speculation
subject: wheat

description: Three attributes of futures contract behavior important for market performance liquidity, volatility, and convergence are investigated before and after the 2005 increase in speculative position limits for corn, soybean, and wheat contracts at the Chicago Board of Trade. The analysis of liquidity and market depth reveals a sharp increase in open interest for corn, soybeans and wheat beginning in late 2005. The increase in position limits likely accommodated the increase in speculative interest in corn, soybean and wheat futures, but some of the increase would have occurred without the increase as new market participants received hedge exemptions. The analysis of price volatility revealed no large change in measures of volatility after the change in speculative limits. For corn and soybeans, the picture that unfolds relative to convergence patterns is one of weakness, but not failure. For wheat, the picture that unfolds relative to convergence patterns is not only one of weakness, but failure to accomplish one of the fundamental tasks of a futures market. The persistence and growing magnitude of the delivery location basis in wheat suggests a problem with the contract specifications.
Evaluation of Raised Pavement Markers
Creators: name: Pigman, Jerry G.
name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Rizenbergs, Rolands L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the operational applicability of raised pavement markers and to determine their effectiveness with respect to brightness and durability. Seven different types of markers were evaluated. The primary application of markers in this study was as a supplement to lane lines. They were also used as a traffic control measure at lane drops, as delineation for hazardous curves, and as directional arrows.  Luminosity and durability were monitored for approximately one year. It was found that raised pavement markers can be a very effective method of roadway delineation. Markers evaluated had varying levels of brightness and durability. Costs varied considerably among types.  Specifications, which classified and described the markers, were proposed. Details for the recommended design layout of markers as supplements to and replacements for lane lines were proposed.
title: Loads on Box Culverts under High Embankments:
title: Positive Projection, Without Imperfect Trench
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Russ, Rick L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report describes the instrumentation and measurements of settlements and pressures on two box culverts in Clark County, Kentucky, designed without the imperfect trench -- one for yielding and one for unyielding foundation conditions. The structures were primarily instrumented for comparison with three structures previously constructed in McCreary County, which were designed using the imperfect trench method. Pressures on the two structures in Clark County generally exceed the product of the unit weight of the overlying material and its height. The pressures on the culverts in McCreary County appear to be lower than expected -- indicating that the imperfect trench is generally effective in reducing loads.
USE OF FREQUENCY DATA FOR LANGUAGE LEARNERS
Creators: name: Özcan, Emrah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: frequency, frequent words, language learners,

description: Recently data is becoming a key component in everything, and language studies are no exception. In order to gather language data, many linguists rely on corpus studies, which provides important language examples from real life usage. This data is also important for lexicographical studies, in other terms dictionary studies, for revealing the patterns of vocabulary in that language. Among these patterns is the frequency value of a word. Frequency is defined as “the value that shows how frequently a word is cited in the corpus” (Y. Aksan, Mersinli, & Yaldır, 2011, p. 397). For such purposes frequency dictionaries are compiled, e.g.,"Frequency Dictionary of Turkish: Core Vocabulary for Learners" (Y. Aksan, Aksan, Mersinli, & Demirhan, 2017) and “A frequency dictionary of contemporary American English: word sketches, collocates, and thematic lists” (Davies & Gardner 2010). The former frequency dictionary is one of the outputs of Turkish National Corpus (TUD) (Y. Aksan et al., 2012) and the latter is based on COCA (Corpus of Contemporary English) (Davies, 2008). These dictionaries help language learners to find out which words are the most frequently used in that specific language based on corpus data. In addition to specific frequency dictionaries, it would be beneficial for language learners if general dictionaries should include frequency data. Considering the studies conducted in languages with a large number of speakers, such as English, it is seen that frequency values are commonly used in both general dictionaries and pedagogical dictionaries, albeit in different ways. General corpus data (Faaß, 2017), which has been used in dictionaries since the 1960s, manifests itself in the form of sharing frequency data with dictionary users, such as Longman and Collins learner dictionaries, beginning from the 1990s (Kilgarriff, 1997). Using of frequency values as an auxiliary element in the general dictionaries will provide positive benefits for language learners, especially when there is no learners’ dictionary in that specific language. In this study, how the frequency values obtained from the corpus data are used will be discussed by showing examples from both Turkish and English. This data is invaluable for language learners from the fact that according to Zipf’s Law and Pareto Distribution, most frequently used words play an important role in understanding the language with a limited number of words. Therefore, language learners should focus on studying most frequently used words in the target language in order to gain momentum.
Diurnal rhythm of volatile emissions from damaged Brachypodium distachyon affects the temporal preferences of tritrophic interactions
Creators: name: Hojun Rim
name: Sekiguchi, Shinji
name: Ozawa, Rika
name: Yooichi Kainoh
name: Gen-Ichiro Arimura
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Diurnal rhythm of volatile emissions from grasses in response to herbivory may temporally affect the oviposition behaviors of the conspecific herbivores and prey searching of natural enemies of the herbivores in a diurnal cycle of the ecosystem. We assessed volatiles emitted from the temperate grass Brachypodium distachyon L. (Poaceae) damaged by Mythimna separata Walker (Noctuidae), a specialist herbivore of Poaceae, in light/dark cycle conditions. Volatiles were preferentially emitted from the damaged plants in both light and dark phases, but their quantitative compositions were different. The generalist predator Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Miridae) was attracted to the damaged plants in both light and dark conditions. However, adult females of M. separata preferred to oviposit on undamaged plants mostly in the dark owing to the cue of undamaged plant volatiles, partly in a circadian rhythm-dependent manner. The findings suggested that volatiles released in the dark contribute to both plant-herbivore and plant-herbivore enemy communications.
Pattern formation of correlated impurities subjected to an impurity-medium interaction pulse
Creators: name: Bougas, G.
name: Mistakidis, S. I.
name: Schmelcher, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the correlated dynamics of few interacting bosonic impurities immersed in a one-dimensional harmonically trapped bosonic environment. The mixture is exposed to a time-dependent impurity-medium interaction pulse moving it across the relevant phase separation boundary. For modulation frequencies smaller than the trapping one, the system successively transits through the miscible/immiscible phases according to the driving of the impurity-medium interactions. For strong modulations, and driving from the miscible to the immiscible regime, a significant fraction of the impurities is expelled to the edges of the bath. They exhibit a strong localization behavior and tend to equilibrate. Following the reverse driving protocol, the impurities perform a breathing motion while featuring a two-body clustering and the bath is split into two incoherent parts. Interestingly, in both driving scenarios, dark-bright solitons are nucleated in the absence of correlations. A localization of the impurities around the trap center for weak impurity-impurity repulsions is revealed, which subsequently disperse into the bath for increasing interactions.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures
Revenue instability induced by conservation rate structures : an empirical investigation of coping strategies
Creators: name: Chesnutt, Thomas
name: Bamezai, Anil
name: Hanemann, W. Michael
name: Chesnutt, Thomas
name: Bamezai, Anil
name: Hanemann, W. Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Public Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Water suppliers have been adopting new rate structures to promote conservation. The shift away from rates based on historical average cost toward rates based on marginal cost has been motivated by the desire to send consumers the "right" price signal about the need to conserve drinking water. The shift toward conservation rate structures, though perhaps providing better incentives to use scarce water resources wisely, has predictable effects-it changes who pays what and it increases the variability of future revenue streams to the water agency. Though the definition of the "correct" rate structure can rightfully vary in different communities-depending on the marginal cost of new supplies or avoided demand and on the community's understanding of equity-the managerial strategies necessary to cope with the uncertainty brought about by conservation rate structures are universal. Revenue instability creates direct costs for water suppliers in the form of increased costs for borrowing, to say nothing of the indirect but very real costs of more complicated planning to provide for a reliable supply of water in the future. This study empirically examines the experience of water agencies that have adopted conservation rate structures and proposes ways for using quantitative tools to: 1) measure and cope with the added uncertainty; and 2) make explicit the magnitude of tradeoffs between revenue stability, equity, and the provision of incentives for efficient use of water resources.
Spectral lags and the energy dependence of pulse width in gamma-ray bursts: contributions from the relativistic curvature effect
Creators: name: Shen, R. -F.
name: Song, L. -M.
name: Li, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the temporal profiles of the gamma-ray burst pulse in the four Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) Large Area Detector (LAD) discriminator energy channels, with the relativistic curvature effect of a expanding fireball being explicitly investigated. Assuming an intrinsic 'Band' shape spectrum and an intrinsic energy-independent emission profile, we show that merely the curvature effect can produce detectable spectral lags if the intrinsic pulse profile has a gradually decaying phase. We examine the spectral lag's dependences on some physical parameters, such as the Lorentz factor Γ, the low-energy spectral index, α, of the intrinsic spectrum, the duration of the intrinsic radiation t_d' and the fireball radius R. It is shown that approximately the lag \propto Γ^{-1} and \propto t_d', and a spectrum with a more extruded shape (a larger α) causes a larger lag. We find no dependence of the lag on R. Quantitatively, the lags produced from the curvature effect are marginally close to the observed ones, while larger lags require extreme physical parameter values, e.g., Γ< 50, or α> -0.5. The curvature effect causes an energy-dependent pulse width distribution but the energy dependence of the pulse width we obtained is much weaker than the observed W \propto E^{-0.4} one. This indicates that some intrinsic mechanism(s), other than the curvature effect, dominates the pulse narrowing of GRBs.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS; typos corrected, references updated
Aeroelastische Lastminderung von Rotorblättern mit aktiver, flexibler Hinterkante in Windenergieanlagen
Creators: name: Wolff, Torben
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Unsteady aerodynamics
subject: flexible trailing edge
subject: wind turbine
subject: Instationäre Aerodynamik
subject: flexible Hinterkante
subject: Windenergieanlage
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Die Notwendigkeit einer effizienteren Energieerzeugung lässt die Rotorblätter von Windenergieanlagen (WEA) immer länger werden. Durch die länger und schlanker werdenden Blätter steigt deren Anfälligkeit für aeroelastische Instabilitäten. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz zur aeroelastischen Stabilisierung der Blätter sind aktiv bewegte, verformbare Hinterkanten. Diese können vor allem die instationäre Last in einem definierten Blattbereich beeinflussen und damit die aeroelastischen Eigenschaften des Blatts stabilisieren. Aus einer dynamischen Bewegung der Hinterkante resultieren zwangsläufig instationäre Effekte auf die Aerodynamik und folglich auch die Aeroelastik. Diese Effekte sind vor allem bei großen und gleichzeitig schnellen Bewegungen der Hinterkante, wie sie z.B. beim Ausregeln einer Windböe notwendig werden können, ungenügend untersucht. Dieser Problematik folgend ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation ein Modell, das die instationären Effekte abschätzt, die auf die Aerodynamik durch große, schnelle Hinterkantenbewegungen ausgelöst werden. Mit diesem Modell kann der stabilisierende Einfluss der beweglichen Hinterkante auf die Aeroelastik eines WEA-Blattes innerhalb einer Gesamtanlagensimulation untersucht werden. Aufbauend auf physikalischen Erkenntnissen, die über instationäre Strömungssimulationen mit oszillierender Hinterkante gewonnen werden, wird in dieser Arbeit ein solches Modell erarbeitet. Zur Verifizierung der aeroelastischen Ergebnisse aus der Gesamtanlagensimulation inklusive des instationären Modells wird außerdem die Methode des Energiesatzes nach Carta für den Einsatz an WEA-Profilen angepasst. Abschließend wird das entworfene Modell für die Bewertung der aeroelastischen Entlastung von WEA-Blättern mit beweglichen Hinterkanten eingesetzt.
Pictures Out of Painting
Creators: name: Cumberland, Stuart
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2016
Subjects: Paintings, Postconceptual, Pictures.
CREAM Portfolio

description: The research interrogates post-conceptual painting and repositions it as picture making. Stepping outside the parameters of painting as a medium, drawing on historical references and investigations of contemporary psychoanalysis, Cumberland explores paintings as pictures, a shift through which the conceptual nature of the work overrides their position as paintings. The research is concerned with why, how and what to paint after conceptual art, and proceeds by making a distinction between post-conceptual painting and a return to painting. As a visual process of analysis takes place, Cumberland takes as his starting point the works of Velázquez and Manet, which provide him with cues for rigorous compositional experimentation. This process is guided by Cumberland’s concern with control of an absence-and-presence (“there” and “not there”) duality in the work. His works examine painting’s pictorial qualities over its objecthood, and imply that the possibility that a work can be both object and picture is one that post-conceptual generic painting (simply a set of signs) is unable to contain.
Planck constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio
Creators: name: Tristram, M.
name: Banday, A. J.
name: Górski, K. M.
name: Keskitalo, R.
name: Lawrence, C. R.
name: Andersen, K. J.
name: Barreiro, R. B.
name: Borrill, J.
name: Eriksen, H. K.
name: Fernandez-Cobos, R.
name: Kisner, T. S.
name: Martínez-González, E.
name: Partridge, B.
name: Scott, D.
name: Svalheim, T. L.
name: Thommesen, H.
name: Wehus, I. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio r using Planck data. We use the latest release of Planck maps (PR4), processed with the NPIPE code, which produces calibrated frequency maps in temperature and polarization for all Planck channels from 30 GHz to 857 GHz using the same pipeline. We computed constraints on r using the BB angular power spectrum, and we also discuss constraints coming from the TT spectrum. Given Planck's noise level, the TT spectrum gives constraints on r that are cosmic-variance limited (with $σ$(r)=0.093), but we show that the marginalized posterior peaks towards negative values of r at about the 1.2$σ$ level. We derived Planck constraints using the BB power spectrum at both large angular scales (the 'reionization bump') and intermediate angular scales (the 'recombination bump') from $\ell$=2 to 150, and find a stronger constraint than that from TT, with $σ$(r)=0.069. The Planck BB spectrum shows no systematic bias, and is compatible with zero, given both the statistical noise and the systematic uncertainties. The likelihood analysis using B modes yields the constraint r<0.158 at 95% confidence using more than 50% of the sky. This upper limit tightens to r<0.069 when Planck EE, BB, and EB power spectra are combined consistently, and it tightens further to r<0.056 when the Planck TT power spectrum is included in the combination. Finally, combining Planck with BICEP2/Keck 2015 data yields an upper limit of r<0.044.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 8 appendix pages. Revised to match version accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Dynamic oligopoly: estimation and tests of market structure
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Perloff, Jeffrey M.
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Perloff, Jeffrey M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Industrial Organization
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A linear-quadratic dynamic oligopoly model is developed and applied to the world coffee export market. The model nests various market structures using either open-loop or feedback strategies. The theoretical properties of this model are described. For given observed behavior, the assumption of feedback strategies implies a less competitive market structure than open-loop strategies.