cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
African Totems: Cultural Heritage for Sustainable Environmental Conservation
Creators: name: Mandillah, K.L. Lucy
name: Ekosse, Georges-Ivo
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2018
Subjects: conservation; environment; natural resources; symbolism; totem

description: Sustainable development, a development that meets the needs of the present with­out compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, has eluded most developing nations in the world today. The world’s countries inlude the devel­oped and developing nations where most African nations fit into the latter category. Attempts have been made to explain the circumstances under which African countries are striving to develop, but the role of Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) in the entire process has not been exhaustively explored. Indigenous people have responded to ecological and development challenges by using the cultures and knowledge systems transmitted through their indigenous languages. The aim of this paper was to investi­gate how totems, as cultural belief systems, have been used in Africa to promote the conservation of natural resources. Qualitative methods (based on literature) were used to explore the values and perceptions that underlie the use of totems. The information was collected by reviewing some literature on African culture and totems from Kenya and South Africa. The literature reviewed concentrated on the cultural symbolism at­tached to totems among different tribes which were randomly selected from the two countries. Data was analyzed through content analysis and presented thematically. It was found that animal, plant and insect totems in Kenya and South Africa have sym­bolic meanings attached to them. The symbolic meanings are usually accompanied by taboos believed to have special spiritual and cultural associations. Due to these cultural associations and taboos, totems are protected against harm by the respective tribes, conserving species diversity and ecosystem diversity. The study recommends that there is a need to appreciate the cultural values and beliefs that help in sustainable development. Findings of the study could add value to the existing body of knowledge on Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) relating to the management and preserva­tion of indigenous knowledge produced in Africa for sustainable development.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 18 (2018)
Using Interdisciplinary Studies and Analyses in the Conservation of Greco-Roman Cartonnage
Creators: name: Alawneh, Firas
name: Elserogy, Abdel Rahman
name: Almasri, Eyad
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2018
Subjects: cartonnage; conservation; mummy; SEM-EDX; Egyptian blue

description: This paper describes the multi-analytical techniques and treatment processes that were undertaken in the conservation of two deteriorated cartonnages of the Greek- Roman period. Due to the lack of cartonnage specialists and the complicated nature of the restoration process, cartonnages within Egyptian museums and storage areas suffer from neglect and various other problems. The issue of cartonnage restoration is, so far, still a subject of scientific controversy. The research described in this paper dealt with the conservation and restoration of two mummy cartonnages found in Saqqara. Damage factors were identified and a biological study was conducted aimed at identi­fying the microorganisms that had led to biological infection. Furthermore, spot-stains caused by using resin in the mummification process were also inspected. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction and Infrared (FTIR) results revealed the cartonnage components. It is clear from the spectra obtained with the blue colored sample that Egyptian blue was used. The white pigment composition appears as a combination of calcite and as calcium silicate mixed with aluminum silicate. FTIR re­vealed the presence of three layers of linen textile, which were made of layers of linen, and sometimes of papyrus, and mounted using animal glue. After examining the condi­tion of the cartonnages and studying the results of the previous analysis, a treatment and restoration plan was developed and applied. Treatments included: strengthening the colors and weak parts, cleaning, removal of previous restoration materials and replacing the missing parts as well as preparing two new display holders.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 18 (2018)
A particular class of solutions of a system of eikonal equations
Creators: name: Champion, Thierry
name: Croce, Gisella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article we study a system of eikonal equations. Our aim is to isolate the solutions which minimise the discontinuity set of the gradient.
Implementation of the Quasi‐equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model 2 (QTCM2): Global simulations and convection sensitivity to free tropospheric moisture
Creators: name: Lintner, Benjamin R.
name: Bellon, Gilles
name: Sobel, Adam H.
name: Kim, Daehyun
name: Neelin, J. David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Convection (Meteorology)
Precipitation (Meteorology)
Moisture
Atmospheric circulation--Models
Meteorology
Atmospheric physics
Troposphere

description: The implementation of the Quasi‐equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model 2 (QTCM2), an intermediate level complexity model, is described. Following the approach of Sobel and Neelin (2006), an explicit, prognostic atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) of fixed depth is added to a free troposphere (FT) containing one baroclinic and one barotropic mode. QTCM2 is shown to simulate reasonable climatologies of temperature, moisture, winds, and precipitation, albeit with only modest improvements relative to the predecessor single vertical mode version, QTCM1. The addition of an ABL increases the sharpness of horizontal precipitation and moisture gradients, and the separation of the moisture profile into ABL and FT components allows investigation into the separate roles of these two components in modulating deep convection. Model sensitivity to various convection parameters is explored, with contrasting precipitation responses often seen within the cores of convecting regions and along their margins.
Spin Resolution and Evidence for Superexchange on NiO(001) Observed by Force Microscopy
Creators: name: Pielmeier, Florian
name: Giessibl, Franz J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Spin resolution, spin contrast, nickel oxide, NiO(001), AFM, superexchange, exchange force, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, magnetic exchange force microscopy
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 68.37.Ps

description: The spin order of the nickel oxide (001) surface is resolved, employing noncontact atomic force microscopy at 4.4 K using bulk Fe and SmCo tips mounted on a qPlus sensor that oscillates at sub-50 pm amplitudes. The spin-dependent signal is hardly detectable with Fe tips. In contrast, SmCo tips yield a height contrast of 1.35 pm for Ni ions with opposite spins. SmCo tips even show a small height contrast on the O atoms of 0.5 pm within the 2×1 spin unit cell, pointing to the observation of superexchange. We attribute the increased signal-to-noise ratio to the increased magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of SmCo, which stabilizes the magnetic moment at the apex. Atomic force spectroscopy on the Ni↑, Ni↓, and O lattice site reveals a magnitude of the exchange energy of merely 1 meV at the closest accessible distance with an exponential decay length of λexc=18 pm.
Computing effects of electric and magnetic fields near overhead transmission lines
Creators: name: Swapnil, Muhammad Mubassir
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Analysis of Electric and Magnetic Fields produced by overhead transmission lines plays a critical role prior to their construction by electrical utilities. They affect the width of the transmission corridor and terrain clearances from overhead conductors. There is substantial interest in learning about the health effects of short and long-term exposure to these fields, as induced currents and voltages from parallel lines pose a hazard to line crews working on a de-energized line. A MATHCAD program has been developed to compute the strengths of Electric and Magnetic Fields and to determine any induction currents and/or voltages due to the coupling effect of these fields. MATHCAD is an engineering software that allows programming and development of engineering calculations using natural mathematical syntax and variables. An overview of the theory of electric and magnetic fields is also provided in this paper. This research tests a few scenarios in the MATHCAD program, and the test results are verified against EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) and IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) guidelines to ensure consistency. The results are also compared with the safety limits published by ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) and IEEE. We also discuss the practical use of these results, along with potential future updates to the MATHCAD program.
Asymptotics of cover times via Gaussian free fields: Bounded-degree graphs and general trees
Creators: name: Ding, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we show that on bounded degree graphs and general trees, the cover time of the simple random walk is asymptotically equal to the product of the number of edges and the square of the expected supremum of the Gaussian free field on the graph, assuming that the maximal hitting time is significantly smaller than the cover time. Previously, this was only proved for regular trees and the 2D lattice. Furthermore, for general trees, we derive exponential concentration for the cover time, which implies that the standard deviation of the cover time is bounded by the geometric mean of the cover time and the maximal hitting time.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOP822 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Identification and Control of Damaging Microorganisms in Manuscripts of Central Tabriz Library, Iran
Creators: name: Khalili Zonouz, Mozhgan
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2018
Subjects: hand-written; micro-organism; biological damage; preventive conservation

description: A large number of historical artifacts have low resistance to pests since they are made of organic substances. Such works can be consumed by several living organ­isms and can often be an ideal environment for micro-organisms to grow, particularly when favorable conditions such as appropriate climate and absence of light are pres­ent.

The way in which manuscripts are stored in archives, such as shelves, acid-free boxes and relative temperature control, means that both humidity and aerosols can play a determining role in their safety. Considering the principle of the priority of con­servation over restoration, several measures should be adopted for the safety and authenticity of the works, which will also lead to a decrease in restoration costs.

The Central Tabriz Library possesses a precious collection consisting of several thousand volumes of valuable books, authentic documents and lithographic books. It is worth noting that the first hand-written work from Iran to be registered on the UNESCO Memory of the World Heritage list was, “Vaghf Nameh Rab'-e Rashidi,” the Deed of En­dowment of the Rab' i-Rashidi. The document is a historical manuscript book authored by Sheikh Rashid al-din Fazlollah and is regarded as a part of this collection.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 18 (2018)
Polypseudologarithms revisited
Creators: name: Cvijović, Djurdje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lee, in a series of papers, described a unified formulation of the statistical thermodynamics of ideal quantum gases in terms of the polylogarithm functions, $\textup{Li}_{s} (z)$. It is aimed here to investigate the functions $\textup{Li}_{s} (z),$ for $s = 0, -1, -2, ...,$ which are, following Lee, referred to as the polypseudologarithms (or polypseudologs) of order $n$. Various known results regarding polypseudologs, mainly obtained in widely differing contexts and currently scattered throughout the literature, have been brought together along with many new results and insights and they all have been proved in a simple and unified manner. In addition, a new general explicit closed-form formula for these functions involving the Carlitz--Scoville higher tangent numbers has been established.
description: 10 pages
Evolving Understanding of Antarctic Ice‐Sheet Physics and Ambiguity in Probabilistic Sea‐Level Projections
Creators: name: Kopp, Robert E.
name: DeConto, Robert M.
name: Bader, Daniel A.
name: Hay, Carling C.
name: Horton, Radley M.
name: Kulp, Scott
name: Oppenheimer, Michael
name: Pollard, David
name: Strauss, Benjamin H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Ice sheets--Mathematical models
Sea level--Mathematical models
Mathematical physics
Climatic changes

description: Mechanisms such as ice‐shelf hydrofracturing and ice‐cliff collapse may rapidly increase discharge from marine‐based ice sheets. Here, we link a probabilistic framework for sea‐level projections to a small ensemble of Antarctic ice‐sheet (AIS) simulations incorporating these physical processes to explore their influence on global‐mean sea‐level (GMSL) and relative sea‐level (RSL). We compare the new projections to past results using expert assessment and structured expert elicitation about AIS changes. Under high greenhouse gas emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP] 8.5), median projected 21st century GMSL rise increases from 79 to 146 cm. Without protective measures, revised median RSL projections would by 2100 submerge land currently home to 153 million people, an increase of 44 million. The use of a physical model, rather than simple parameterizations assuming constant acceleration of ice loss, increases forcing sensitivity: overlap between the central 90% of simulations for 2100 for RCP 8.5 (93–243 cm) and RCP 2.6 (26–98 cm) is minimal. By 2300, the gap between median GMSL estimates for RCP 8.5 and RCP 2.6 reaches >10 m, with median RSL projections for RCP 8.5 jeopardizing land now occupied by 950 million people (versus 167 million for RCP 2.6). The minimal correlation between the contribution of AIS to GMSL by 2050 and that in 2100 and beyond implies current sea‐level observations cannot exclude future extreme outcomes. The sensitivity of post‐2050 projections to deeply uncertain physics highlights the need for robust decision and adaptive management frameworks.
Practical improvements to class group and regulator computation of real quadratic fields
Creators: name: Biasse, Jean-François
name: Michael, Jacobson John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present improvements to the index-calculus algorithm for the computation of the ideal class group and regulator of a real quadratic field. Our improvements consist of applying the double large prime strategy, an improved structured Gaussian elimination strategy, and the use of Bernstein's batch smoothness algorithm. We achieve a significant speed-up and are able to compute the ideal class group structure and the regulator corresponding to a number field with a 110-decimal digit discriminant.
The world's biggest gamble
Creators: name: Rockstrom, Johan
name: Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim
name: Hoskins, Brian
name: Ramanathan, Veerabhadran
name: Schlosser, Peter
name: Brasseur, Guy Pierre
name: Gaffney, Owen
name: Nobre, Carlos A.
name: Meinshausen, Malte
name: Rogelj, Joeri
name: Lucht, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Climatic changes--Government policy
Carbon dioxide
Climatic changes--International cooperation
Greenhouse gases

description: The scale of the decarbonisation challenge to meet the Paris Agreement is underplayed in the public arena. It will require precipitous emissions reductions within 40 years and a new carbon sink on the scale of the ocean sink. Even then, the world is extremely likely to overshoot. A catastrophic failure of policy, for example, waiting another decade for transformative policy and full commitments to fossil‐free economies, will have irreversible and deleterious repercussions for humanity's remaining time on Earth. Only a global zero carbon roadmap will put the world on a course to phase‐out greenhouse gas emissions and create the essential carbon sinks for Earth‐system stability, without which, world prosperity is not possible.
Wave Function Based Characteristics of Hybrid Mesons
Creators: name: Akbar, Nosheen
name: Masud, Bilal
name: Noor, Saba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose some extensions of the quark potential model to hybrids, fit them to the lattice data and use them for the purpose of calculating the masses, root mean square radii and wave functions at the origin of the conventional and hybrid charmonium mesons. We treat the ground and excited gluonic field between a quark and an antiquark as in the Born-Oppenheimer expansion, and use the shooting method to numerically solve the required Schr$\ddot{\textrm{o}}$dinger equation for the radial wave functions; from these wave functions we calculate the mesonic properties. For masses we also check through a Crank Nichelson discretization. For hybrid charmonium mesons, we consider the exotic quantum number states with $ J^{PC} = 0^{+ -}, 1^{- +}$ and $2^{+ -}$. We also compare our results with the experimentally observed masses and theoretically predicted results of the other models. Our results have implications for scalar form factors, energy shifts, magnetic polarizabilities, decay constants, decay widths and differential cross sections of conventional and hybrid mesons.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, Erratum is submitted to EPJA
title: "Statua di Artemide cacciatrice", arte romana, inv. CXXIX (ITA/EN)
title: Scheda catalogo digitale Borghese
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ciccarello, Giulia
name: Galleria Borghese
Publisher: name: Galleria Borghese
Year: 2024

description: Pubblicazione delle schede delle opere conservate nel museo ed estratte dal catalogo digitale di

Galleria Borghese, nelle due versioni esistenti online, in italiano e inglese.

Collegamento al catalogo digitale:

ITA: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/

EN: https://www.collezionegalleriaborghese.it/en
Double-occupancy errors, adiabaticity, and entanglement of spin qubits in quantum dots
Creators: name: Schliemann, John
name: Loss, Daniel
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Quantum gates that temporarily increase singlet-triplet splitting in order to swap electronic spins in coupled quantum dots lead inevitably to a finite double-occupancy probability for both dots. By solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a coupled dot model, we demonstrate that this does not necessarily lead to quantum computation errors. Instead, the coupled dot ground state evolves quasiadiabatically for typical system parameters so that the double-occupancy probability at the completion of swapping is negligibly small. We introduce a measure of entanglement that explicitly takes into account the possibilty of double occupancies and provides a necessary and sufficient criterion for entangled states.
BQCD - Berlin quantum chromodynamics program
Creators: name: Nakamura, Yoshifumi
name: Stüben, Hinnerk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We publish BQCD as free software under the GNU General Public License. BQCD is a Hybrid Monte-Carlo program that simulates lattice QCD with dynamical Wilson fermions. It is one of the main production programs of the QCDSF collaboration. The program can simulate 2 and 2 + 1 fermion flavours with pure, clover improved, and stout smeared fat link Wilson fermions as well as standard plaquette, and an improved (rectangle) gauge action. The single flavour is simulated with the Rational Hybrid Monte-Carlo algorithm.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, poster presented at the XXVIII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2010), June 14-19 2010, Villasimius, Italy
title: Les émotions d'accomplissement dans l'évaluation formative : importance de la créativité à l'école
Creators: name: Audrin, Catherine
name: Vuichard, Aleksandra
name: Salazar, Fabian
Publisher: name: La Revue LEeE
Year: 2022
Subjects: émotions d'accomplissement
créativité
évaluation

description: Les émotions sont omniprésentes dans notre quotidien, y compris dans le contexte scolaire. Dans cette recherche, nous nous intéressons aux émotions d’accomplissement d’élèves ressenties lors d’évaluations formatives en contexte créatif. En particulier, nous présentons un dispositif destiné à encourager la créativité et proposons que ce dernier puisse favoriser l’émergence d’émotions positives (par rapport à un dispositif « standard »). Ainsi, nous avons mis en place un dispositif créatif que nous avons opposé à un dispositif « standard » pour favoriser l’apprentissage de la lecture dans une classe d’élèves âgés de 7 à 8 ans. Nous avons mesuré les émotions d’accomplissement ressenties par les élèves lors de l’évaluation de leur apprentissage de la lecture à la fin de la leçon. Nos résultats révèlent non seulement que lors de l’évaluation formative, les émotions positives sont plus prégnantes que les émotions négatives, mais également que la condition créative donne lieu à une intensité plus élevée d’émotions positives par rapport à la condition standard. Les résultats sont discutés à l’aune des théories de la créativité et des émotions.
Ancient water supports today's energy needs
Creators: name: D'Odorico, Paolo
name: Natyzak, Jennifer L.
name: Castner, Elizabeth A.
name: Davis, Kyle Frankel
name: Emery, Kyle A.
name: Gephart, Jessica A.
name: Leach, Allison M.
name: Pace, Michael L.
name: Galloway, James N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Water use
Fossil fuels
Natural resources—Management
Hydrologic cycle
Power resources

description: The water footprint for fossil fuels typically accounts for water utilized in mining and fuel processing, whereas the water footprint of biofuels assesses the agricultural water used by crops through their lifetime. Fossil fuels have an additional water footprint that is not easily accounted for: ancient water that was used by plants millions of years ago, before they were transformed into fossil fuel. How much water is mankind using from the past to sustain current energy needs? We evaluate the link between ancient water virtually embodied in fossil fuels to current global energy demands by determining the water demand required to replace fossil fuels with biomass produced with water from the present. Using equal energy units of wood, bioethanol, and biodiesel to replace coal, natural gas, and crude oil, respectively, the resulting water demand is 7.39 × 1013 m3 y−1, approximately the same as the total annual evaporation from all land masses and transpiration from all terrestrial vegetation. Thus, there are strong hydrologic constraints to a reliance on biofuel energy produced with water from the present because the conversion from fossil fuels to biofuels would have a disproportionate and unsustainable impact on the modern water. By using fossil fuels to meet today's energy needs, we are virtually using water from a geological past. The water cycle is insufficient to sustain the production of the fuel presently consumed by human societies. Thus, non‐fuel‐based renewable energy sources are needed to decrease mankind's reliance on fossil fuel energy without placing an overwhelming pressure on global freshwater resources.
Understanding the weather signal in national crop‐yield variability
Creators: name: Frieler, Katja
name: Schauberger, Bernhard
name: Arneth, Almut
name: Balkovic, Juraj
name: Chryssanthacopoulos, James
name: Deryng, Delphine
name: Elliott, Joshua
name: Folberth, Christian
name: Khabarov, Nikolay
name: Müller, Christoph
name: Olin, Stefan
name: Pugh, Thomas A. M.
name: Schaphoff, Sibyll
name: Schewe, Jacob
name: Schmid, Erwin
name: Warszawski, Lila
name: Levermann, Anders
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Crop yields
Crops and climate
Agricultural productivity--Climatic factors
Crop yields--Statistical methods

description: Year‐to‐year variations in crop yields can have major impacts on the livelihoods of subsistence farmers and may trigger significant global price fluctuations, with severe consequences for people in developing countries. Fluctuations can be induced by weather conditions, management decisions, weeds, diseases, and pests. Although an explicit quantification and deeper understanding of weather‐induced crop‐yield variability is essential for adaptation strategies, so far it has only been addressed by empirical models. Here, we provide conservative estimates of the fraction of reported national yield variabilities that can be attributed to weather by state‐of‐the‐art, process‐based crop model simulations. We find that observed weather variations can explain more than 50% of the variability in wheat yields in Australia, Canada, Spain, Hungary, and Romania. For maize, weather sensitivities exceed 50% in seven countries, including the United States. The explained variance exceeds 50% for rice in Japan and South Korea and for soy in Argentina. Avoiding water stress by simulating yields assuming full irrigation shows that water limitation is a major driver of the observed variations in most of these countries. Identifying the mechanisms leading to crop‐yield fluctuations is not only fundamental for dampening fluctuations, but is also important in the context of the debate on the attribution of loss and damage to climate change. Since process‐based crop models not only account for weather influences on crop yields, but also provide options to represent human‐management measures, they could become essential tools for differentiating these drivers, and for exploring options to reduce future yield fluctuations.
From logarithmic to subdiffusive polynomial fluctuations for internal DLA and related growth models
Creators: name: Asselah, Amine
name: Gaudilliere, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a cluster growth model on the d-dimensional lattice, called internal diffusion limited aggregation (internal DLA). In this model, random walks start at the origin, one at a time, and stop moving when reaching a site not occupied by previous walks. It is known that the asymptotic shape of the cluster is spherical. When dimension is 2 or more, we prove that fluctuations with respect to a sphere are at most a power of the logarithm of its radius in dimension d larger than or equal to 2. In so doing, we introduce a closely related cluster growth model, that we call the flashing process, whose fluctuations are controlled easily and accurately. This process is coupled to internal DLA to yield the desired bound. Part of our proof adapts the approach of Lawler, Bramson and Griffeath, on another space scale, and uses a sharp estimate (written by Blachère in our Appendix) on the expected time spent by a random walk inside an annulus.
description: 40 pages, 1 figure. Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOP762 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Variational states for the spin-Peierls system
Creators: name: Frahm, Holger
name: Schliemann, John
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We introduce a family of Jastrow pair product states for quasi-one-dimensional spin systems. Depending on a parameter they interpolate between the resonating valence-bond ground state of the Haldane-Shastry model describing a spin liquid and the (dimerized) valence-bond solid ground states of the Majumdar-Ghosh spin chain. These states are found to form an excellent basis for variational studies of Heisenberg chains with next-nearest-neighbor interactions and bond alternation as realized in the spin-Peierls system CuGeO3.
A critical study of the Thurstone technique of social attitude measurement
Creators: name: Gentry, Marie Elizabeth Faddis
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1933
Subjects: subject: Social attitude measurement
subject: Thurstone technique
subject: Attitude scaling
subject: Psychophysical method
subject: Equal appearing intervals method
subject: Order of merit method
subject: Scaling of attitude methodology
subject: Attitude (Psychology)--Measurement

description: To Thurstone belongs the credit for applying psychophysical method to the scaling of attitude. The three methods that he has utilized for this purpose are the method of paired comparison, the order of merit method, and the method of equal appearing intervals. The Law of Comparative Judgment, formulated by him in 1927, gives us a method of handling the method of paired comparison, so that it satisfies the criterion of internal consistency. But this method involves the use of every stimulus as a standard, and hence is very laborious if the stimuli are numerous. The order of merit method likewise is practically justified only when there are few stimuli to be ranked, that is, not more than twenty. Thurstone has devised a technique for this method whereby it is possible to utilize the Law of Comparative Judgment. This involves the extraction of the proportion of judgments "A is greater than B" for every possible pair of stimuli in the given series. [...] When it is desired to scale a great many stimuli the method of equal appearing intervals is the only one practicable. This procedure Thurstone has applied to the scaling of attitudes toward the church, toward the movies, and toward other social issues. [...] The purposes of this study are the following: (1) to construct a scale by the method of equal appearing intervals, varying some of the conditions of Thurstone's procedure, in order to determine whether the labor involved could be decreased without decreasing at the same time the reliability of the resulting scale; (2) to compare the method of equal appearing intervals with the order of merit method; and (3) to construct a scale of the attitude toward smoking. We hoped that by carrying out these steps we could make a critical analysis of Thurstone's technique of scaling attitude
Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea‐level projections at a global network of tide‐gauge sites
Creators: name: Kopp, Robert E.
name: Horton, Radley M.
name: Little, Christopher M.
name: Mitrovica, Jerry X.
name: Oppenheimer, Michael
name: Rasmussen, D. J.
name: Strauss, Benjamin H.
name: Tebaldi, Claudia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Tides--Mathematical models
subject: Sea level--Mathematical models
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Sea‐level rise due to both climate change and non‐climatic factors threatens coastal settlements, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Projections of mean global sea‐level (GSL) rise provide insufficient information to plan adaptive responses; local decisions require local projections that accommodate different risk tolerances and time frames and that can be linked to storm surge projections. Here we present a global set of local sea‐level (LSL) projections to inform decisions on timescales ranging from the coming decades through the 22nd century. We provide complete probability distributions, informed by a combination of expert community assessment, expert elicitation, and process modeling. Between the years 2000 and 2100, we project a very likely (90% probability) GSL rise of 0.5–1.2 m under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5, 0.4–0.9 m under RCP 4.5, and 0.3–0.8 m under RCP 2.6. Site‐to‐site differences in LSL projections are due to varying non‐climatic background uplift or subsidence, oceanographic effects, and spatially variable responses of the geoid and the lithosphere to shrinking land ice. The Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) constitutes a growing share of variance in GSL and LSL projections. In the global average and at many locations, it is the dominant source of variance in late 21st century projections, though at some sites oceanographic processes contribute the largest share throughout the century. LSL rise dramatically reshapes flood risk, greatly increasing the expected number of “1‐in‐10” and “1‐in‐100” year events.
Geoengineering: A humanitarian concern
Creators: name: Suarez, Pablo
name: Van Aalst, Maarten K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Climatic changes--Government policy
Environmental geotechnology
Humanitarianism
Solar radiation

description: The humanitarian sector is active at the global frontline of climate impacts, and has a track record in influencing the climate change policy agenda. Geoengineering is a humanitarian concern: the potential for deliberate large‐scale intervention in the Earth's climate system has major implications in terms of impacts on the most vulnerable. Yet, so far the humanitarian community has largely been absent from geoengineering deliberations. Geoengineering may be perceived as too theoretical, too complex, and not imminent enough to merit attention. However, early engagement by the sector is imperative to ensure that humanitarian considerations are integrated into policy decisions. Those who can suffer the worst outcomes need to be involved; especially given the plausibility of “predatory geoengineering” where recklessly self‐concerned actions may result in harmful consequences to others. This paper explores the humanitarian dimensions of geoengineering, specifically relating to solar radiation management (SRM). Drawing from the engagement of the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre in SRM discussions, we discuss how to improve linkages between science, policy and humanitarian practice. We further propose the creation of a geoengineering risk management framework to ensure that the interests of the most vulnerable are considered and addressed ‐ including the voices of all stakeholders.
Numerical Solutions of the spectral problem for arbitrary self-adjoint extensions of the 1D Schroedinger equation
Creators: name: Ibort, Alberto
name: Perez-Pardo, Juan Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A numerical algorithm to solve the spectral problem for arbitrary self-adjoint extensions of 1D regular Schroedinger operators is presented. It is shown that the set of all self-adjoint extensions of 1D regular Schroedinger operators is in one-to-one correspondence with the group of unitary operators on the finite dimensional Hilbert space of boundary data, and they are characterized by a generalized class of boundary conditions that include the well-known Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin, (quasi-)periodic boundary conditions, etc. The numerical algorithm is based on a nonlocal boundary extension of the finite element method and their convergence is proved. An appropriate basis of boundary functions must be introduced to deal with arbitrary boundary conditions and the conditioning of its computation is analyzed. Some significant numerical experiments are also discussed as well as the comparison with some standard algorithms. In particular it is shown that appropriate perturbations of standard boundary conditions for the free particle leads to the theoretically predicted result of very large absolute values of the negative groundlevels of the system as well as the localization of the corresponding eigenvectors at the boundary (edge states).
description: 24 pages, 6 figures
title: ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРЕПАРАТА СИЛИОСТИН НА ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИЮ ВНУТРЕННИХ ОРГАНОВ ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ КРЫС
Creators: name: Власенко, Артем Андреевич
name: Семененко, Ксения Андреевна
name: Винокурова, Диана Петровна
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ КНЦЗВ
Year: 2021

description: В статье представлена информация по изучению влияния препарата силиостин на анатомо-физиологическое строение внутренних органов лабораторных белых крыс в ходе субхронического эксперимента. Изложены данные описательной части полного патологоанатомического вскрытия органов пищеварительной, дыхательной, мочеполовой систем. Описано влияние данного препарата на гравиметрические показатели внутренних органов.
Bilayer Quantum Hall Systems at Filling Factor nu=2: An Exact Diagonalization Study
Creators: name: Schliemann, John
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We present an exact diagonalization study of bilayer quantum Hall systems at filling factor ν = 2 in the spherical geometry. We find the high-Zeeman-coupling phase boundary of the broken symmetry canted antiferromagnet is given exactly by previous Hartree-Fock mean-field theories, but that the state's stability at weak Zeeman coupling has been qualitatively overestimated. In the absence of interlayer tunneling, degeneracies occur between total spin multiplets due to the Hamiltonian's invariance under independent spin rotations in top and bottom two-dimensional electron layers.
Degradation of cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR using UV/vacuum-UV advanced oxidation for drinking water treatment
Creators: name: Chintalapati, Pranav Sankar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Cyanobacterial blooms have been increasing in magnitude and frequency around the world and studies have concluded that climate change, population growth, and industrial development will accelerate this phenomenon. The presence of cyanobacterial blooms in drinking water sources is a concern due to the production of cyanobacterial toxins, which are known to damage internal organs and disrupt nervous system functions. Shallow surface water sources for small water systems are at a greater risk of eutrophication and small, remote communities often lack the resources and infrastructure for adequate treatment. In conventional water systems, instances of cyanobacterial blooms are typically addressed by chemical addition. However, many remote communities are difficult to access and are unable to maintain a consistent supply of chemical oxidants. This study investigated the capability of ultraviolet radiation at 254 nm and 185 nm wavelengths (UV/Vacuum-UV) to degrade microcystin-LR (MC-LR), one of the most commonly occurring and toxic cyanobacterial toxins. Results showed that substantial toxin removal could be achieved solely by direct photolysis with 254 nm. The addition of 185 nm increased MC-LR degradation through advanced oxidation by hydroxyl radicals (•OH). The presence of alkalinity and organic matter (DOC) reduced MC-LR degradation by scavenging •OH. DOC also absorbed 254 nm and 185 nm, requiring additional irradiation time to achieve a target UV dose. Chloride scavenged •OH, but in a reversible reaction, resulting in minimal impact on MC-LR degradation. The order of impact on MC-LR degradation by these common water constituents was DOC>Alkalinity>Chloride. In natural water with a complex matrix, MC-LR could be degraded from a typical concentration (15 µg/L) to below detection (<0.5 µg/L) with a UV254 fluence of 200 mJ/cm2. The presence of cyanobacterial cells impeded MC-LR degradation by adding turbidity to samples, absorbing 254 nm photons and scavenging •OH. However, substantial MC-LR degradation could still be achieved in the presence of cyanobacterial cells. UV/Vacuum-UV appears to be a promising chemical-free technology that is capable of MC-LR degradation in a variety of water conditions, and may be a suitable treatment option for small, remote communities.
Limited Lifespan of Fragile Regions in Mammalian Evolution
Creators: name: Alekseyev, Max A.
name: Pevzner, Pavel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: An important question in genome evolution is whether there exist fragile regions (rearrangement hotspots) where chromosomal rearrangements are happening over and over again. Although nearly all recent studies supported the existence of fragile regions in mammalian genomes, the most comprehensive phylogenomic study of mammals (Ma et al. (2006) Genome Research 16, 1557-1565) raised some doubts about their existence. We demonstrate that fragile regions are subject to a "birth and death" process, implying that fragility has limited evolutionary lifespan. This finding implies that fragile regions migrate to different locations in different mammals, explaining why there exist only a few chromosomal breakpoints shared between different lineages. The birth and death of fragile regions phenomenon reinforces the hypothesis that rearrangements are promoted by matching segmental duplications and suggests putative locations of the currently active fragile regions in the human genome.
Strong Correlation to Weak Correlation Phase Transition in Bilayer Quantum Hall Systems
Creators: name: Schliemann, John
name: Girvin, S. M.
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: At small layer separations, the ground state of a ν = 1 bilayer quantum Hall system exhibits spontaneous interlayer phase coherence. The evolution of this state with increasing layer separation d has been a matter of controversy. We report on small system exact diagonalization calculations which suggest that a single-phase transition, likely of first order, separates incompressible states with strong interlayer correlations from compressible states with weak interlayer correlations. We find a dependence of the phase boundary on d and interlayer tunneling amplitude that is in very good agreement with recent experiments.
Evolution of 21st Century Sea Level Rise Projections
Creators: name: Garner, Andra J.
name: Weiss, Jeremy L.
name: Parris, Adam
name: Kopp, Robert E.
name: Horton, Radley M.
name: Overpeck, Jonathan T.
name: Horton, Benjamin P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Sea level--Mathematical models
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The modern era of scientific global‐mean sea level rise (SLR) projections began in the early 1980s. In subsequent decades, understanding of driving processes has improved, and new methodologies have been developed. Nonetheless, despite more than 70 studies, future SLR remains deeply uncertain. To facilitate understanding of the historical development of SLR projections and contextualize current projections, we have compiled a comprehensive database of 21st century global SLR projections. Although central estimates of 21st century global‐mean SLR have been relatively consistent, the range of projected SLR has varied greatly over time. Among studies providing multiple estimates, the range of upper projections shrank from 1.3–1.8 m during the 1980s to 0.6–0.9 m in 2007, before expanding again to 0.5–2.5 m since 2013. Upper projections of SLR from individual studies are generally higher than upper projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, potentially due to differing percentile bounds or a predisposition of consensus‐based approaches toward relatively conservative outcomes.
Tb(III) functionalized vesicles for phosphate sensing: Membrane fluidity controls the sensitivity
Creators: name: Banerjee, Supratim
name: Bhuyan, Mouchumi
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemosensors
subject: 540 Chemie

description: We report a modular design of vesicular chemosensors by co-embedding a Tb(III) complex and a receptor-sensitizer conjugate in phospholipid vesicles. The binding of phosphate anions to the vesicle surface in aqueous media is detected by a decrease in Tb(III) phosphorescence. The sensory response can be modulated by a variation in the membrane fluidity.
Interfraktionäre Lagevariation der Rektumvorderwand unter primärer bzw. postoperativer perkutaner Strahlentherapie des Prostatakarzinoms
Creators: name: Hipp, Matthias
name: Hautmann, Matthias
name: Treutwein, Marius
name: Pohl, Fabian
name: Kölbl, Oliver
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Prostatakarzinom, Lagevariation, Rektumvorderwand
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Hintergrund: Im Rahmen multidisziplinärer Therapiestrategien werden Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom zunehmend mit operativen Verfahren und perkutaner Strahlentherapie (RT) innerhalb ihrer Krankheitsverläufe individuell behandelt. Ob die Resektion der Prostata die interfraktionäre Lagevariation (LV) der Rektumvorderwand (RVW) beeinflusst, soll diese prospektive Untersuchung zeigen. Material und Methode: Von insgesamt 23 Patienten (Pat.) waren 20 für die Studie auswertbar. Alle Pat. wurden aufgrund eines histologisch nachgewiesenen Prostatakarzinoms im Bereich der Prostataloge bestrahlt. 60% der Pat. erhielten die RT nach vorangegangener radikaler Prostatovesikulektomie (Gruppe A) aufgrund R1-Resektion oder eines PSA-Rezidivs, 40% der Pat. als definitive RT (Gruppe B). Im Behandlungsverlauf wurden jeweils 6 wöchentliche CT-Datensätze angefertigt und mit dem Referenz-CT im Bestrahlunsplanungssystem Oncentra® MasterPlan, Nucletron BV, Veenendahl/NL, Version 1.4.3.1-3.0) registriert. In allen 138 CT-Datensätzen wurde das Rektumvolumen konturiert und die LV anhand einer virtuellen Messebene (caudal des Acetabulum) als Entfernung von der RVW in jeweils 5 Messpunkten (A-E, coronare Ebene, Abstand jeweils 10mm) berechnet. Als LV wurde die jeweilige Abweichung vom Referenz-CT definiert. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mit PASW-Statistics 18.0 (SPSS Inc.). Ergebnisse: Bei 80% aller Pat. lag die erfasste LVRVW nach ventral > 5mm (A: 91,7%; B: 75%), bei 50% aller Pat. > 10mm (A: 58%; B: 7,5%) bei 40% aller Pat. >15mm (A: 50%; B: 25%) und bei 20% aller Pat. >20mm (A: 25%; B: 12,5%). Die LVRVW nach dorsal war bei 90% aller Pat. > 5mm (A: 100%; B: 75%), bei 70% aller Pat. > 10mm (A: 75%; B: 62,5%), bei 50% aller Pat. >15mm (A: 41,7%; B: 25%) und bei 30% aller Pat. > 20mm (A: 33,3%; B: 25%). Die postoperativ behandelten Pat. (A) wiesen im Vergleich mit den primär Behandelten (B) in allen Bereichen, sowohl nach ventral als auch nach dorsal, eine jeweils höhere LVRVW auf. Schlussfolgerung: Die zielvolumenrelevante LVRVW betrifft Pat. nach Prostatektomie in größerem Ausmass als Patienten mit primärer RT. Diese Beobachtung zeigt auf, wie wenig starre kompensatorische Sicherheitssäume bei der Zielvolumendefinition insbesondere bei der postoperativen RT der Prostataloge geeignet sind. Dies ist insbesondere für den Einsatz hochkonformaler Techniken (z.B. IMRT,IMAT, VMAT) mit geringen Sicherheitssäumen von Bedeutung, wenn diese ohne tägliche Online-Verifikation (CT) eingesetzt werden. Inwiefern sich die erhöhte LVRVW der postoperativen Pat. auch in mehr anorektale Spättoxizitäten wiederspiegelt, wird die Auswertung der klinischen Daten zeigen.
description: Der DOI und andere URL zum Volltext betreffen den gesamten Tagungsband