cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of the DC Bias in Liquid Silicon Bath on its Purification and Hydrogenation by RF Thermal Plasma
Creators: name: Benmansour, M.
name: Rousseau, S.
name: Morvan, D.
name: Amouroux, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1213-1217
description: The aim of this work is the purification and the hydrogenation of metallurgical grade silicon for photovoltaic applications using a thermal plasma process. In this study, the plasma treatment was combined with a DC bias of the liquid silicon to increase the kinetics of the impurities extraction. On line measurement by OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy), ex-situ analysis by LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) and ICP techniques allowed to observe the kinetic extraction of cationic impurities (Fe, Al, Ca…) and boron versus the applied DC bias. The results show that a high positive bias leads to a
purification factor of about 10 for most of the impurities. Finally, we analysed the role of DC bias on the hydrogenation rate of silicon in liquid state. All these results are correlated with the variations in the electrical sheath at the interface between the plasma jet and the liquid silicon.
Health science educators’ perception of using and applying VR in the curriculum.
Creators: name: Yu, Tak Wing
name: Titus, Simone
name: Rowe, Michael
name: Frantz, Josè
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: The presentation is focused on sharing some insights from a PhD study. This particular study was all about what college professors think when using Virtual Reality (VR) in Health Professions Education (HPE). It explores how these professors use VR in their classes, why they think it's useful (or not), and what challenges they face when implementing it. So, the presentation aims to shed some light on these topics based on the research findings.
Optimization of the Front Electrical Contact of Silicon Nanowire Array Solar Cells
Creators: name: Perraud, S.
name: Poncet, S.
name: Noël, S.
name: Levis, M.
name: Faucherand, P.
name: Rouvière, E.
name: Thony, P.
name: Jaussaud, C.
name: Delsol, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 255-257
description: A simple and efficient method is described for integrating a silicon nanowire array into a solar cell.
After nanowire growth by chemical vapour deposition, the nanowire array is planarized by using spin-on glass and
chemical-mechanical polishing. This planarization allows to deposit a continuous and uniform conductive layer on
top of the nanowire array, and thus to form a high-quality front electrical contact. This process leads to solar cells
with a parasitic series resistance as low as 5 .cm², which is a clear improvement compared to the recent literature.
Characterizing Device Efficiency Potential from Industrial Multi-Crystalline Cell Structures Composed of Solar Grade Silicon
Creators: name: Good, E.A.
name: Kopecek, R.
name: Arumughan, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1218-1224
description: This comparative study is presented to illustrate several key relationships between impurity density in the silicon wafer and device performance within a baseline silicon nitride firing-through cell process. Results are given as a function of solidification fraction on multi-crystalline production ingots, and link cell investigations to the solar grade silicon (SoG-Si) blends. Illuminated current-voltage characteristics of SoG-Si cells having a compensated, net acceptor concentration up to 3 x 1017 cm-3 of show equivalent conversion efficiencies relative to control cells ( > 15.3%), and excellent open circuit voltage measurements (Voc > 625 mV). As net acceptor concentration is further increased, recombination influences minority carrier lifetime and offsets corresponding increases in open circuit voltage. To identify metallic impurity species responsible for recombination, laser beam induced current and microwave detected photo-conductance decay mappings are combined with elemental analysis from secondary ion mass spectrometry in the phosphorus-gettered region. Upon optimizing diffusion conditions to create a shallow emitter, enhanced short circuit current values were obtained (Jsc > 32.5 mA cm-2). Infrared luminescence images of reverse biases cells are paired with leakage currents measured during dark current-voltage characterization and expressed as a function of net-ionized dopants. Light induced degradation findings on SoG-Si cells are contrasted with other work and proposed explanations from elemental analysis offered. Near-term performance extensions through advanced cell constructions are explored on full size ( > 16.1%) and on small area devices ( > 17.8%) to illustrate SoG-Si feedstock potential.
Density duct formation in the wake of a travelling ionospheric disturbance: Murchison Widefield Array observations
Creators: name: Loi, Shyeh Tjing
name: Cairns, Iver H.
name: Murphy, Tara
name: Erickson, Philip J.
name: Bell, Martin E.
name: Rowlinson, Antonia
name: Arora, Balwinder Singh
name: Morgan, John
name: Ekers, Ronald D.
name: Hurley-Walker, Natasha
name: Kaplan, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geomagnetically-aligned density structures with a range of sizes exist in the near-Earth plasma environment, including 10-100 km-wide VLF/HF wave-ducting structures. Their small diameters and modest density enhancements make them difficult to observe, and there is limited evidence for any of the several formation mechanisms proposed to date. We present a case study of an event on 26 August 2014 where a travelling ionospheric disturbance (TID) shortly precedes the formation of a complex collection of field-aligned ducts, using data obtained by the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) radio telescope. Their spatiotemporal proximity leads us to suggest a causal interpretation. Geomagnetic conditions were quiet at the time, and no obvious triggers were noted. Growth of the structures proceeds rapidly, within 0.5 hr of the passage of the TID, attaining their peak prominence 1-2 hr later and persisting for several more hours until observations ended at local dawn. Analyses of the next two days show field-aligned structures to be preferentially detectable under quiet rather than active geomagnetic conditions. We used a raster scanning strategy facilitated by the speed of electronic beamforming to expand the quasi-instantaneous field of view of the MWA by a factor of three. These observations represent the broadest angular coverage of the ionosphere by a radio telescope to date.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
3D Nanostructures on Ge/Si(100) Wetting Layers: Hillocks and Pre-Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Ramalingam, Gopalakrishnan
name: Floro, Jerrold A.
name: Reinke, Petra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The annealing of sub-critical Ge wetting layers (WL<3.5 ML) initiates the formation of 3D nanostructures, whose shape and orientation is determined by the WL thickness and thus directly related to the strain energy. The emergence of these nanostructures, hillocks and pre-quantum dots, is studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. A wetting layer deposited at 350 C is initially rough on the nanometer length-scale and undergoes a progressive transformation and smoothening until for T>460 C vacancy lines and the 2xn reconstruction are observed. The metastable Ge wetting layer (WL) then collapses to form 3D nanostructures whose morphology is controlled by the WL thickness: firstly, hillocks, with a wedding cake-type structure where the step edges run parallel to the <110> direction, are formed for thin wetting layers, while {105}-faceted structures, so-called pre-quantum dots (p-QDs), are formed from thicker layers. The wetting layer thickness and thus the misfit strain energy controls the type of structure. The crossover thickness between hillock and p-QDs regime is between 1.6 and 2.1 ML. The hillocks have larger lateral dimensions and volumes than p-QDs, and the p-QDs are exceptionally small quantum dots with a lower limit of 10 nm in width. Our work opens a new pathway to the control of nanostructure morphology and size in the elastically strained Ge/Si system. Keywords: Quantum dots, Stranski-Krastanov, epitaxy, strained layers, scanning tunneling microscopy
description: The image quality is slightly degraded due to file size limitation. Submitted to Journal of Applied Physics
3D Reconstruction of Crime Scenes and Design Considerations for an Interactive Investigation Tool
Creators: name: Bostanci, Erkan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) is a carefully planned systematic process with the purpose of acquiring physical evidences to shed light upon the physical reality of the crime and eventually detect the identity of the criminal. Capturing images and videos of the crime scene is an important part of this process in order to conduct a deeper analysis on the digital evidence for possible hints. This work brings this idea further to use the acquired footage for generating a 3D model of the crime scene. Results show that realistic reconstructions can be obtained using sophisticated computer vision techniques. The paper also discusses a number of important design considerations describing key features that should be present in a powerful interactive CSI analysis tool.
description: 9 pages, journal
The Association Between Religiosity, Spirituality, and Medication Adherence Among Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Creators: name: Elhag, Marwa
name: Awaisu, Ahmed
name: Koenig, Harold G.
name: Mohamed Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Clinical sciences
Religious studies

description: This systematic review aimed to summarize the literature on the relationship between religiosity or spirituality (R/S) and medication adherence among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and to describe the nature and extent of the studies evaluating this relationship. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Library, ProQuest Theses and Dissertations, and Google Scholar) were searched with no restriction on the year of publication. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the eligible studies. Due to the heterogeneity observed across the included studies, data synthesis was performed using a narrative approach. Nine original studies published between 2006 and 2018 were included in the review. Only a few quantitative studies have examined the relationship between R/S and medication adherence among patients with CVDs. Most studies were conducted in the USA (n = 7) and involved patients with hypertension (n = 6). Five studies showed a significant correlation between R/S (higher organizational religiousness, prayer, spirituality) and medication adherence and revealed that medication adherence improved with high R/S. The other four studies reported a negative or null association between R/S and medication adherence. Some of these studies have found relationships between R/S and medication adherence in hypertension and heart failure patients. This review showed a paucity of literature exploring the relationship between R/S and medication adherence among patients with other CVDs, such as coronary artery diseases, arrhythmia, angina and myocardial infarction. Therefore, the findings suggest that future studies are needed to explore the relationship between R/S and medication adherence among patients with other types of CVDs. Moreover, there is a need to develop interventions to improve patients’ medication-taking behaviors that are tailored to their cultural beliefs and R/S.Other Information Published in: Journal of Religion and Health
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01525-5
Globular Clusters and Spur Clusters in NGC 4921, the Brightest Spiral Galaxy in the Coma Cluster
Creators: name: Lee, Myung Gyoon
name: Jang, In Sung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We resolve a significant fraction of globular clusters (GCs) in NGC 4921, the brightest spiral galaxy in Coma. Also we find a number of extended bright star clusters (star complexes) in the spur region of the arms. The latter are much brighter and bluer than those in the normal star-forming region, being as massive as 3x10^5 M_odot. The color distribution of the GCs in this galaxy is found to be bimodal. The turnover magnitudes of the luminosity functions (LF) of the blue (metal-poor) GCs (0.70
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) of Building Integrated PV (BIPV) - a CAD-Software Embedded Energy Yield Simulation Approach
Creators: name: Reich, N.H.
name: Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 4241-4244
description: Standard features of computer-aided design software (CAD) such as three dimensional (3-D) drawing and ray-tracing
can greatly facilitate photovoltaic (PV) energy yield simulations. Not only fast and accurate PV capacity estimations
are possible but also accurate simulations of the PV power output can be achieved. This is a great improvement to
currently available PV energy yield simulation methods, as it allows easy energy yield simulations also in case of
complex building structures and shading patterns. Development of professional ‘CAD-PV’ software is necessary,
however, because as of yet no software tools comprising Graphical User Interfaces are available.
Islam and Mental Disorders of the Older Adults: Religious Text, Belief System and Caregiving Practices
Creators: name: Daher-Nashif, Suhad
name: Hammad, Suzanne H.
name: Kane, Tanya
name: Al-Wattary, Noor
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Clinical sciences
Religious studies

description: This paper illustrates the impact of Islamic religious texts on dementia care in the Middle East. It examines how old age and older adults mental disorders are framed in the Quran and Hadith, and how these texts are transformed to belief ideologies and caregiving practices. The study uses a qualitative research methods, which include a review of all Islamic holy texts that address mental and cognitive changes associated with ageing, along with interviews with eight Sharia scholars and 37-Arab-Muslim families living in Qatar. Islamic texts command compassion and honouring of elderly parents and give care instructions. These texts are transformed into social practices and used as diagnostic and treatment tools.Other Information Published in: Journal of Religion and Health
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01094-5
Knowledge and Willingness for Organ Donation in the Middle Eastern Region: A Meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mekkodathil, Ahammed
name: El-Menyar, Ayman
name: Sathian, Brijesh
name: Singh, Rajvir
name: Al-Thani, Hassan
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Clinical sciences
Religious studies

description: Medical advancements over the past decades brought organ transplantation as a definitive therapy for different end-stage organ failure. However, non-availability of organs required for transplantation is a major challenge worldwide. We aimed to determine the knowledge and willingness to donate organs in various populations and settings in the Middle Eastern region. Literature searches were conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Google scholar electronic databases. Different combinations of search terms such as “organ donation”; “knowledge”, “awareness”; “beliefs”, “willingness”; and “attitude” along with the country names were used. Additional searches using reference lists of studies and review articles were conducted. Data were extracted using standardized excel form and pilot tested. Three authors independently abstracted the data using a data collection form. Results from different studies were pooled for the analysis when appropriate. The search yielded 1806 articles; 1000 duplicates and review articles were excluded, and a further 792 articles not relevant were excluded. Finally, 14 original studies met the inclusion criteria. Total pooled sample size for assessing knowledge was 6697 and for willingness was 8714. Pooled overall knowledge regarding organ donation was 69% with a 95% CI [64.5, 73.5]. Pooled overall willingness to donate organ was 49.8% with a 95% CI [41.3, 58.4]. Knowledge about organ donation and willingness to donate organs varies in different population and settings in the Middle East. These in fact are linked to multiple social factors ultimately leads to ‘consent’ for donating organs by a potential donor. Family’s influence; religious, traditional and spiritual beliefs; and status of ethnic, minority, and immigrant populace are the important determinants of the decision for organ donation. Understandings on social determinants in organ donation remain crucial and should be addressed while developing policies and organizational developments.Other Information Published in: Journal of Religion and Health
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00883-x
Float-Zone Crystal Growth for PV - Where is the Future?
Creators: name: Vedde, J.
name: Clausen, T.
name: Borregaard, J.
name: Kringhøj, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1330-1332
description: By use of the Float-Zone crystal growth method, silicon crystal of higher purity and longer minority carrier lifetime can be manufactured. These properties are beneficial to the solar cells and generate value to the cells, PV modules and installed solar farms. However there are also some extra costs associated with the feedstock needed for the FZ process, and although the crystal growth process by it selves is cheaper and more efficient than the dominating Czochralski crystal growth method, it seems that these overall benefits cannot fully compensate for the extra feedstock expenses, unless the higher quality crystal is valuated in all steps of the downstream value chain. However when all benefits are included in the cost calculations, it is demonstrated that FZ crystal growth can provide power costs in the same level - or even below – the power costs that comes from a CZ based solution.
Applications of the divergence theorem in Bayesian inference and MaxEnt
Creators: name: Davis, Sergio
name: Gutiérrez, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given a probability density $P({\bf x}|{\boldsymbol λ})$, where $\bf x$ represents continuous degrees of freedom and $λ$ a set of parameters, it is possible to construct a general identity relating expectations of observable quantities, which is a generalization of the equipartition theorem in Thermodynamics. In this work we explore some of the consequences of this relation, both in the context of sampling distributions and Bayesian posteriors, and how it can be used to extract some information without the need for explicit calculation of the partition function (or the Bayesian evidence, in the case of posterior expectations). Together with the general family of fluctuation theorems it constitutes a powerful tool for Bayesian/MaxEnt problems.
ML-Based Handover Prediction and AP Selection in Cognitive Wi-Fi Networks
Creators: name: Khan, Muhammad Asif
name: Hamila, Ridha
name: Gastli, Adel
name: Kiranyaz, Serkan
name: Al-Emadi, Nasser Ahmed
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Strategy, management and organisational behaviour
Distributed computing and systems software

description: Device mobility in dense Wi-Fi networks offers several challenges. Two well-known problems related to device mobility are handover prediction and access point selection. Due to the complex nature of the radio environment, analytical models may not characterize the wireless channel, which makes the solution of these problems very difficult. Recently, cognitive network architectures using sophisticated learning techniques are increasingly being applied to such problems. In this paper, we propose data-driven machine learning (ML) schemes to efficiently solve these problems in wireless LAN (WLAN) networks. The proposed schemes are evaluated and results are compared with traditional approaches to the aforementioned problems. The results report significant improvement in network performance by applying the proposed schemes. The proposed scheme for handover prediction outperforms traditional methods i.e. received signal strength method and traveling distance method by reducing the number of unnecessary handovers by 60% and 50% respectively. Similarly, in AP selection, the proposed scheme outperforms the strongest signal first and least loaded first algorithms by achieving higher throughput gains up to 9.2% and 8% respectively.Other Information Published in: Journal of Network and Systems Management
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10922-022-09684-2
Measurement and Simulation of Enhanced Photovoltaic System with Fluorescent Collectors
Creators: name: Prönneke, L.
name: Gläser, G.
name: Uslu, Y.
name: Rau, U.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 385-387
description: We present a simple set-up with a fluorescent collector on top of an a-Si solar cell, which achieves 7 %
more current than the solar cell alone. With a photonic structure on top, the current increases by 95 %. The
fluorescent collector decreases the induced current directly above the solar cell by 43 %, but increases the
photovoltaic active area. The solar cell alone has an active area of 1.96 cm2. On the measured area of 20.25 cm2
around the solar cell, the fluorescent concentrator provides photons to induce current in the solar cell. The
application of the photonic structure increases the active area even further.
Peripherally inserted central catheter blood sampling - A high risk procedure frequently performed by UK junior doctors, not taught at undergraduate or postgraduate level
Creators: name: Schlindwein, Alex
name: Quail, Nat
name: Stevenson, Carla
name: Kwong Tsang
name: Twentyman, Kat
name: Blair, Mairi
name: Duncan, Kevin
name: Oliver, Scott
name: Whyte, Graham
name: McKie, Karen
name: Catie Paton
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: Background
 Accessing central lines has well-established associated risks to patients, including infection, and thrombosis. We are aware of recent significant adverse events reported in our health board relating to junior doctors and medical students accessing central lines. The use of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) lines is identified, in national surveys, as an activity of a junior doctor. However, it is not recognised as a core procedure and is therefore not formally taught within most undergraduate or postgraduate curricula. Education of staff has been shown to be a key factor in reducing patient complications when using PICC lines.

 Summary of Work
 Across three acute hospitals in Lanarkshire, 59 Foundation Year 1 (FY1) junior doctors were surveyed to assess their confidence in performing various practical skills. PICC line blood sampling was identified as the skill FY1s felt least confident about in all three sites. Practical teaching sessions for the safe use of PICC lines were devised and delivered by Clinical Teaching Fellows, allowing for individual practice, observation and feedback of PICC sampling on models. Participants were asked to rate their competence for the undertaking the skill before and after the teaching session, using a 5-point Likert scale.

 Summary of Results
 34 FY1s attended the sessions across the three sites. None of the FY1s reported having prior formal teaching about PICC blood sampling. Some had been shown techniques informally on the wards. They rated their competence at PICC line blood sampling before the session as ‘4=Poor’ (median 3.9), and ‘2=Very Good’ (median 1.8) after the session. Qualitative data was overwhelming positive for the utility of the session.

 Discussion and Conclusion
 This work highlights a significant gap in clinical procedural skills education, which could compromise patient safety. Further work is needed to identify the true extent of PICC line blood sampling undertaken by junior doctors. Guidance is needed from local and national organisations on whether the current modus operandi, of junior doctors performing this practical skill, is appropriate. We recommend that PICC skills are formally included in undergraduate and postgraduate training curricula.
Fermion self-energy in magnetized chirally asymmetric QED matter
Creators: name: Rybalka, D. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fermion self-energy is calculated for a cold QED plasma with chiral chemical potential in a magnetic field. It is found that a momentum shift parameter dynamically generated in such a plasma leads to a modification of the chiral magnetic effect current. It is argued that the momentum shift parameter can be relevant for the evolution of magnetic field in the chirally asymmetric primordial plasma in the early Universe.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1306.3245, arXiv:1509.06769 by other authors
Effects of Nitrogen on the Electrical Properties of Si Quantum Dots Superlattice Using a-SiC Matrix
Creators: name: Kurokawa, Y.
name: Tomita, S.
name: Miyajima, S.
name: Yamada, A.
name: Konagai, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 398-403
description: It was found that the dark conductivity of a stoichiometric a-SiC thin film, which is used as barrier
layers in a Si quantum dots superlattice (Si-QDSL), increased drastically after thermal annealing above 800 oC. This
is due to the crystallization of an a-SiC phase in the films. To resolve this problem, N2 gas was introduced during the
deposition of stoichiometric a-SiC thin films. As a result, the dark conductivity of the films annealed at either 900 or
1000 oC was reduced below 10-9 S/cm, since the introduction of nitrogen atoms into the films prevented the a-SiC
phase from crystallizing during the annealing. N-containing Si-QDSLs were prepared and the dark conductivity was
measured. The dark conductivity of the N-containing Si-QDSLs was in the range of 10-6 to 10-8 S/cm, suggesting that
the Si-QDSLs got close to intrinsic. The solar cell structure using a N-containing Si-QDSL as a light absorption layer
was fabricated. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current were improved compared with the Si-QDSL
without the introduction of nitrogen atoms. The quantum efficiency data indicated that the absorption edge was
shifted to higher energy as the diameter of Si-QDs decreases, suggesting the quantum size effect.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Mercaptophenol Functionalized-Gold Nanorods Against a Clinical Isolate of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: name: Eltai, Nahla O.
name: Mahmoud, Nouf N.
name: Zakaria, Zain Z.
name: Abdelrahman, Hana
name: Moustafa, Ala-Eddin Al
name: Al-Asmakh, Maha
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials engineering
subject: FOS: Materials engineering
subject: Macromolecular and materials chemistry

description: Gold nanorods (AuNRs) were synthesized by the seed-mediated wet chemical method using a binary surfactant system. AuNRs were stabilized with polyethylene glycol, then functionalized with 4-mercaptophenol (4-MPH) ligand by surface ligand exchange. The surface-functionalized AuNRs (4-MPH-AuNRs) exhibited a typical UV–vis spectrum of AuNRs with a slightly shifted longitudinal peak. Furthermore, 4-MPH-AuNRs demonstrated a similar Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectrum to 4-MPH and a fading of the thiol band, which suggests a successful functionalization through thiol-gold binding. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of 4-MPH-AuNRs were evaluated against a clinical isolate of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results indicate that 4-MPH-AuNRs exhibit a bactericidal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ~ 6.25 $$\upmu$$ μ g/mL against a planktonic suspension of MRSA. Furthermore, 4-MPH-AuNRs resulted in a 1.8–2.9 log-cycle reduction of MRSA biofilm viable count over a concentration range of 100–6.0 $$\upmu$$ μ g/mL. The bacterial uptake of the surface-modified nanorods was investigated by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging; the results reveal that the nanorods were internalized into the bacterial cells after 6 h (h) of exposure. SEM imaging revealed a significant accumulation of the nanorods at the bacterial cell wall and a possible cellular internalization. Thus, 4-MPH-AuNRs can be considered a potential antibacterial agent, particularly against MRSA strain biofilms.Other Information Published in: Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10904-022-02294-0
The Influence of Si Substrate Orientation on Au Catalyst Formation for Si Nanowire Growth
Creators: name: Ball, J.
name: Ubhi, H.S.
name: Reehal, H.S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 404-407
description: The influence of substrate orientation on the formation of Au catalyst particles for Si nanowire growth
by the VLS method has been investigated. Both single crystal and multi-crystalline substrates have been studied.
Wire growth was performed in an electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapour deposition (ECRCVD) system using
silane as the feedstock gas at temperatures up to ~530 ºC. In general, the catalyst particle sizes on Si (100) are
smaller than on Si (111) for a range of annealing conditions used. However, little correlation between the final wire
diameter and substrate orientation has been found. In contrast, the density of wire growth and wire orientation is
significantly affected by substrate orientation under the deposition conditions employed with high density, vertically
aligned wires being achieved on the (111) orientation.
On principal realization of modules for the affine Lie algebra $A_1 ^{(1)}$ at the critical level
Creators: name: Adamovic, Drazen
name: Jing, Naihuan
name: Misra, Kailash C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B69, 17B67

description: We present complete realization of irreducible $A_1 ^{(1)}$-modules at the critical level in the principal gradation. Our construction uses vertex algebraic techniques, the theory of twisted modules and representations of Lie conformal superalgebras. We also provide an alternative Z-algebra approach to this construction. All irreducible highest weight $A_1 ^{(1)}$-modules at the critical level are realized on the vector space $M_{\tfrac{1}{2} + \Bbb Z} (1) ^{\otimes 2}$ where $M_{\tfrac{1}{2} + \Bbb Z} (1) $ is the polynomial ring ${\Bbb C}[α(-1/2), α(-3/2), ...]$. Explicit combinatorial bases for these modules are also given.
description: 25 pages
Optical phase curves as diagnostics for aerosol composition in exoplanetary atmospheres
Creators: name: Oreshenko, Maria
name: Heng, Kevin
name: Demory, Brice-Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical phase curves have become one of the common probes of exoplanetary atmospheres, but the information they encode has not been fully elucidated. Building on a diverse body of work, we upgrade the Flexible Modeling System (FMS) to include scattering in the two-stream, dual-band approximation and generate plausible, three-dimensional structures of irradiated atmospheres to study the radiative effects of aerosols or condensates. In the optical, we treat the scattering of starlight using a generalisation of Beer's law that allows for a finite Bond albedo to be prescribed. In the infrared, we implement the two-stream solutions and include scattering via an infrared scattering parameter. We present a suite of four-parameter general circulation models for Kepler-7b and demonstrate that its climatology is expected to be robust to variations in optical and infrared scattering. The westward and eastward shifts of the optical and infrared phase curves, respectively, are shown to be robust outcomes of the simulations. Assuming micron-sized particles and a simplified treatment of local brightness, we further show that the peak offset of the optical phase curve is sensitive to the composition of the aerosols or condensates. However, to within the measurement uncertainties, we cannot distinguish between aerosols made of silicates (enstatite or forsterite), iron, corundum or titanium oxide, based on a comparison to the measured peak offset ($41^\circ \pm 12^\circ$) of the optical phase curve of Kepler-7b. Measuring high-precision optical phase curves will provide important constraints on the atmospheres of cloudy exoplanets and reduce degeneracies in interpreting their infrared spectra.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Accepted by MNRAS
Efficient Classification of Multi-Labelled Text Streams by Clashing
Creators: name: Ñanculef, Ricardo
name: Flaounas, Ilias
name: Cristianini, Nello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a method for the classification of multi-labelled text documents explicitly designed for data stream applications that require to process a virtually infinite sequence of data using constant memory and constant processing time. Our method is composed of an online procedure used to efficiently map text into a low-dimensional feature space and a partition of this space into a set of regions for which the system extracts and keeps statistics used to predict multi-label text annotations. Documents are fed into the system as a sequence of words, mapped to a region of the partition, and annotated using the statistics computed from the labelled instances colliding in the same region. This approach is referred to as clashing. We illustrate the method in real-world text data, comparing the results with those obtained using other text classifiers. In addition, we provide an analysis about the effect of the representation space dimensionality on the predictive performance of the system. Our results show that the online embedding indeed approximates the geometry of the full corpus-wise TF and TF-IDF space. The model obtains competitive F measures with respect to the most accurate methods, using significantly fewer computational resources. In addition, the method achieves a higher macro-averaged F measure than methods with similar running time. Furthermore, the system is able to learn faster than the other methods from partially labelled streams.
Growth and Characterization of Si Nanowires by an Electroless Etching Process
Creators: name: Le Rouzo, J.
name: Maestre, D.
name: Barakel, D.
name: Palais, O.
name: Escoubas, L.
name: Alfonso, C.
name: Charrin, L.
name: Gailhanou, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 408-410
description: In this work, large-area arrays of Si nanowires (Si-NW) have been fabricated by means of the chemical
electroless etching of a Si substrate. This technique implies low cost and large-scale production of robust Si-NW
arrays with properties inherited from the bulk substrate. By using different techniques, such as SEM (Secondary
Electron Microscopy), Optical Absorption and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry, the effect of the etching conditions in the
structure and optical properties of the as grown Si-NW arrays have been systematically investigated.
Impacts of Surface Structural Modification on Performance of the Multicrystalline Black Silicon Solar Cell
Creators: name: Lin, C.-H.
name: Dimitrov, D.Z.
name: Huang, C.-R.
name: Du, C.H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1370-1373
description: The nano-scale texturing method has the potential to enhance the performance of silicon solar cell because it provides a silicon surface having a lower reflectance. The nano-scale texturing of silicon surface results in an almost complete light trapping in a broad spectral range, leading to black surface in appearance. The rough silicon surface with spikes and pits has typical sizes of hundreds of nanometers. However, the resulted rough silicon surface might be expected to significantly increase the difficulties to incorporate the nano-textured silicon surfaces into the final solar cell. The nano-textured surface structure is vulnerable and is easy to be modified by the proceeding solar cell fabrication processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of such surface structural changes on performance of the solar cells. Besides, a variety of approaches of further optimization of such black solar cells are discussed. The method for nano-scale texturing of silicon surface used in this study is based on electroless metal-islands deposition followed by local metal-catalyzed wet chemical etching. A solar cell was then fabricated from this black silicon substrate following standard technology. Suitable phosphorus diffusion and phosphosilicate glass (PSG) removing techniques were performed to modify the nano-textured surface structure. The results presented in this study suggest that the nano-textured surface structure need to be taken with care, because they may significantly affect the performance of the solar cells.
Level 2 large deviation functionals for systems with and without detailed balance
Creators: name: Hoppenau, Johannes
name: Nickelsen, Daniel
name: Engel, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large deviation functions are an essential tool in the statistics of rare events. Often they can be obtained by contraction from a so-called level 2 large deviation {\em functional} characterizing the empirical density of the underlying stochastic process. For Langevin systems obeying detailed balance, the explicit form of this functional has been known ever since the mathematical work of Donsker and Varadhan. We rederive the Donsker-Varadhan result by using stochastic path-integrals and then generalize it to situations without detailed balance including non-equilibrium steady states. The proper incorporation of the empirical probability flux turns out to be crucial. We elucidate the relation between the large deviation functional and different notions of entropy production in stochastic thermodynamics and discuss some aspects of the ensuing contractions. Finally, we illustrate our findings with examples.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures
Two Massive White Dwarfs from NGC 2323 and the Initial-Final Mass Relation for Progenitors of 4 to 6.5 M$_\odot$
Creators: name: Cummings, Jeffrey D.
name: Kalirai, Jason S.
name: Tremblay, P. -E.
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed a sample of 10 white dwarf candidates in the rich open cluster NGC 2323 (M50) with the Keck Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer. The spectroscopy shows eight to be DA white dwarfs, with six of these having high S/N appropriate for our analysis. Two of these white dwarfs are consistent with singly evolved cluster membership, and both are high mass $\sim$1.07 M$_\odot$, and give equivalent progenitor masses of 4.69 M$_\odot$. To supplement these new high-mass white dwarfs and analyze the initial-final mass relation (IFMR), we have also looked at 30 white dwarfs from publicly available data that are mostly all high-mass ($\gtrsim$0.9 M$_\odot$). These original published data exhibited significant scatter, and to test if this scatter is true or simply the result of systematics, we have uniformly analyzed the white dwarf spectra and have adopted thorough photometric techniques to derive uniform cluster parameters for their parent clusters. The resulting IFMR scatter is significantly reduced, arguing that mass-loss rates are not stochastic in nature and that within the ranges of metallicity and mass analyzed in this work mass loss is not highly sensitive to variations in metallicity. Lastly, when adopting cluster ages based on Y$^2$ isochrones, the slope of the high-mass IFMR remains steep and consistent with that found from intermediate-mass white dwarfs, giving a linear IFMR from progenitor masses between 3 to 6.5 M$_\odot$. In contrast, when adopting the slightly younger cluster ages based on PARSEC isochrones, the high-mass IFMR has a moderate turnover near an initial mass of 4 M$_\odot$.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Numerical solution to the Bloch equations, paramagnetic solutions under wideband continuous radio frequency irradiation in a pulsed magnetic field
Creators: name: Chen, Wenjun
name: Ma, Hong
name: Yu, De
name: Zeng, Xiaohu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel NMR experimental scheme, called wide band continuous wave NMR, is presented in this article.
A Novel STK4 Mutation Impairs T Cell Immunity Through Dysregulation of Cytokine-Induced Adhesion and Chemotaxis Genes
Creators: name: Guennoun, Andrea
name: Bougarn, Salim
name: Khan, Taushif
name: Mackeh, Rafah
name: Rahman, Mahbuba
name: Al-Ali, Fatima
name: Ata, Manar
name: Aamer, Waleed
name: Prosser, Debra
name: Habib, Tanwir
name: Chin-Smith, Evonne
name: Al-Darwish, Khawla
name: Zhang, Qian
name: Al-Shakaki, Alya
name: Robay, Amal
name: Crystal, Ronald G.
name: Fakhro, Khalid
name: Al-Naimi, Amal
name: Al Maslamani, Eman
name: Tuffaha, Amjad
name: Janahi, Ibrahim
name: Janahi, Mohammad
name: Love, Donald R.
name: Karim, Mohammed Yousuf
name: Lo, Bernice
name: Hassan, Amel
name: Adeli, Mehdi
name: Marr, Nico
Publisher: name: Manara - Qatar Research Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Purpose Human serine/threonine kinase 4 (STK4) deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder leading to combined immunodeficiency; however, the extent to which immune signaling and host defense are impaired is unclear. We assessed the functional consequences of a novel, homozygous nonsense STK4 mutation (NM_006282.2:c.871C > T, p.Arg291*) identified in a pediatric patient by comparing his innate and adaptive cell-mediated and humoral immune responses with those of three heterozygous relatives and unrelated controls. Methods The genetic etiology was verified by whole genome and Sanger sequencing. STK4 gene and protein expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Cellular abnormalities were assessed by high-throughput RT-RCR, RNA-Seq, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Antibody responses were assessed by ELISA and phage immunoprecipitation-sequencing. Results The patient exhibited partial loss of STK4 expression and complete loss of STK4 function combined with recurrent viral and bacterial infections, notably persistent Epstein–Barr virus viremia and pulmonary tuberculosis. Cellular and molecular analyses revealed abnormal fractions of T cell subsets, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and NK cells. The transcriptional responses of the patient’s whole blood and PBMC samples indicated dysregulated interferon signaling, impaired T cell immunity, and increased T cell apoptosis as well as impaired regulation of cytokine-induced adhesion and leukocyte chemotaxis genes. Nonetheless, the patient had detectable vaccine-specific antibodies and IgG responses to various pathogens, consistent with a normal CD19 + B cell fraction, albeit with a distinctive antibody repertoire, largely driven by herpes virus antigens. Conclusion Patients with STK4 deficiency can exhibit broad impairment of immune function extending beyond lymphoid cells.Other Information Published in: Journal of Clinical Immunology
 License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10875-021-01115-2
BISOL -Building Integrated Solar Network- Workshops to Optimize the Integration of Solar Systems in Buildings
Creators: name: Panzera, G.
name: Zanetti, I.
name: Nagel, K.
name: Tettamanti, V.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 4223-4225
description: The barriers to the dissemination of photovoltaic and solar thermal modules integrated in buildings are
numerous for example the market situation, the current policy, the legal and administrative procedures, the standards
and regulations. One of these is the lack of communication between experts from the solar and building field. With
the aim of resolving this problem and promoting the use of solar technologies in buildings, five multidisciplinary
workshops have been organized involving architects, engineer, lawyers, representatives of associations, industries,
universities and the government.