cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Long- and short-term determinants of water user cooperation: experimental evidence from Central Asia
Creators: name: Amirova, I.
name: Petrick, M.
name: Djanibekov, N.
name: Amirova, I.
name: Petrick, M.
name: Djanibekov, N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Resource/Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study contributes to the understanding of long- and short- term determinants of cooperation among water users. We experimentally investigate the potential of water users self-governance in enhancing their contributions to a common pool as opposed to external regulation. Our focus is on the irrigated areas of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Due to their Soviet past, these countries have a reputation for low bottom-up cooperation potential. Based on the different pre-Soviet irrigation traditions of the two study sites, we assess the effectiveness of short-term incentives compared to long term cultural factors of cooperation. History might matter, but we find it does not predetermine the success of current water decentralization in ancient as compared to relatively recently established irrigation sites. We find that external regulation, in fact, decreases farmers cooperation, whereas face-to-face communication increases it. This finding calls into question the top-down approach prevalent in current water policies of the region. Moreover, it suggests the viability of endogenous cooperation and hence encourages the implementation of truly self-governed water management policies in Central Asia. However, the substantial heterogeneity in individual contributions apparent at the village level also signals a warning that one-size-fits-all approaches to local cooperation are unlikely to succeed. Acknowledgement : This study was conducted in the framework of a research project Institutional change in land and labour relations of Central Asia s irrigated agriculture . The research project is funded by the VolkswagenStiftung within the funding initiative "Between Europe and the Orient A Focus on Research and Higher Education in/on Central Asia and the Caucasus".
Surgical treatment of a complicated distal tibia epiphyseal Salter–Harris type I fracture in a yearling
Creators: name: Noguera Cender, Andrea C.
name: Lischer, Christoph J.
name: Mählmann, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: horse
subject: fracture
subject: tibia
subject: physis
subject: internal fixation
subject: transfixation pin cast
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: This article describes the management of a complicated distal epiphyseal Salter–Harris type I fracture of the left tibia in a yearling horse. Closed reduction and internal fixation was attempted in the first surgery using tension band wires. Due to fracture instability 2 weeks after surgery, a full‐limb transfixation pin cast was applied to the tibia and maintained for 7 weeks to prevent further fracture displacement and to achieve axial alignment. The full‐limb cast was maintained for a total of 12 weeks, including the time with the transfixation pin cast. Cast sores and tendon laxity resolved without further complications. Ten months after the first surgery, the fracture had radiographically healed, and the horse was sound at the walk and trot in a straight line.
Times have changed. Using a Pictorial Smartphone App to Collect Time Use Data in Rural Zambia.
Creators: name: Daum, T.
name: Birner, R.
name: Buchwald, H.
name: Gerlicher, A.
name: Daum, T.
name: Birner, R.
name: Buchwald, H.
name: Gerlicher, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Research and Development/ Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: One challenge of collecting socioeconomic data, such as data on time use, is recall biases. While time use researchers have continuously developed new methods to make data collection more accurate and easy, these methods are difficult to use in developing countries where study participants may have low literacy levels and no clock -based concepts of time. To contribute to the closing of this research gap, we developed a picture-based smartphone-app called Time-Tracker that allows the recording of data in real time to avoid recall biases. We pilot-tested the app in rural Zambia, collecting 2790 data days. In this paper, we compare the data recorded with the app to data collected with 24-hours-recall-questions. The results confirm the literature on recall biases, suggesting that using the app leads to valid results. We conclude that smartphone-apps using visual tools provide new opportunities for researchers collecting socioeconomic data in developing countries. Acknowledgement : We are especially grateful to all the farm families participating in the study. We are also grateful for the financial support from the Program of Accompanying Research for Agricultural Innovation , which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development.
Quantifying the impact of chemicals on stable carbon and oxygen isotope values of raw pollen
Creators: name: Müller, Carolina
name: Hennig, Julian
name: Riedel, Hennig Frank
name: Helle, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: chemical treatment
subject: pollen
subject: pollen purification protocol
subject: stable carbon and oxygen isotopes
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::560 Fossilien, Paläontologie::560 Paläontologie, Paläozoologie

description: Purification protocols to extract pollen from lake sediments contain chemicals that alter the carbon and oxygen pollen‐isotope values according to pollen characteristics and family affiliation. Modern (raw) pollen of broad‐leaved (Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur) and coniferous tree species (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris) were treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH), hydrofluoric acid (HF), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) to test the impact on δ13Cpollen and δ18Opollen and assess the applicability in purification protocols. Pollen of broad‐leaved and coniferous trees reacted differently to chemical exposure, but response patterns are generally alike. Alterations of δ13Cpollen values vary between + 1.0‰ (B. pendula, NaClO‐treatment) and −5.0‰ (P. sylvestris, H2SO4‐treatment). The δ13Cpollen values of raw and chemically treated samples seem to be related after treatments with KOH, NaClO and HF, whereas the application of H2SO4 led to inconsistent changes among species. The impact of chemicals on δ18Opollen are more diverse and offsets range between +1.1‰ (C. avellana, NaClO‐treatment) and −17.9‰ (P. sylvestris, H2SO4‐treatment). In general, the use of isotope‐altering chemicals in purification protocols should be brought to a minimum, but the application of KOH and NaClO seems mostly unproblematic before δ13Cpollen and δ18Opollen analysis.
Grassland rental markets and herder technical efficiency: ability effect or resource equilibration effect?
Creators: name: Tan, S.
name: Tan, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: To explore whether grassland rental markets improve herder technical efficiency, how and to what extent, this study applies a Metafrontier-DEA approach by employing field data collected from 416 herder households to examine the impacts of herder participation in grassland rental markets on their technical efficiencies. Results show that herders involved in the grassland rental markets can increase their technical efficiency by 2.75%. Compared with the autarky group, the lessors increase their efficiency by 3.36%, and the lessees increase their efficiency by 2.76%. No significant efficiency difference is found between the lessors and the lessees. We conclude that grassland rental markets improve herder technical efficiency mainly through a resource equilibration effect rather than ability effect. Only if the herders participate in the grassland rental markets, can they improve their efficiency by balancing family resources and thus enhance production efficiency. This suggests that under the current institutional environment, more attention should be paid to normalize and guide the grassland rental markets, to allow herders to participate in the markets on their own will rather than address land transfer from the less-able to the more-able producers. Acknowledgement : The authors thank the Foundation of Renmin University of China (16XNI004) for its support, and thank colleagues and students from Renmin University of China and Inner Mongolia University for their participation in the field surveys.
Supermarket purchase and child nutritional outcomes in urban Kenya
Creators: name: Debela, B.L.
name: Demmler, K.M.
name: Klasen, S.
name: Qaim, M.
name: Debela, B.L.
name: Demmler, K.M.
name: Klasen, S.
name: Qaim, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Empirical studies that examine the implication of supermarket purchase on child nutritional outcomes are scarce. This article investigates the link between supermarket shopping and height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) and weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ) of children and adolescents under the age of 18 years. We use two rounds of survey data (2012 and 2015) from urban Kenya in a series of instrumental variable panel data models. Findings reveal that buying from supermarkets and spending higher shares of income in supermarkets significantly increases child HAZ and decreases the probability of being stunted. Supermarket purchase also positively affects WAZ of children but to a lower extent compared to HAZ outcomes. By examining the dietary differences between supermarket shoppers and non-shoppers, we find that supermarket shoppers have a higher dietary diversity compared to those buying from traditional markets only. Findings have relevance for policies that need to take advantage of the rapid transformation of the retail sector in developing countries for better health outcomes. Acknowledgement : We thank enumerators and field supervisors for their effort in data collection. We also acknoledge respondents for devoting their time to answer our questions. Funding was provided by the German Research Foundation (DFG).
Additional file 1 of CNV Radar: an improved method for somatic copy number alteration characterization in oncology
Creators: name: Soong, David
name: Jeran Stratford
name: Herve Avet-Loiseau
name: Bahlis, Nizar
name: Davies, Faith
name: Dispenzieri, Angela
name: A. Sasser
name: Schecter, Jordan
name: Qi, Ming
name: Brown, Chad
name: Jones, Wendell
name: Keats, Jonathan
name: Auclair, Daniel
name: Chiu, Christopher
name: Powers, Jason
name: Schaffer, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Dendrogram of 141 normal samples based on clustering by read depth at all capture regions. Distance between samples was defined as 1 â€“ Pearson correlation of read depth at capture regions.
Implicit Prices of Sustainability Characteristics in Foods: the Case of the German Online Market for Honey
Creators: name: Herrmann, R.
name: Bissinger, K.
name: Krandick, L.
name: Herrmann, R.
name: Bissinger, K.
name: Krandick, L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Sustainability characteristics play an increasing role in food markets. At least some consumers are willing to pay a price for organic or regional production, animal welfare or fairtrade. In order to analyze implicit prices of sustainability characteristics, it is important to go beyond consumer studies as such characteristics do affect marginal costs as well. We employ a hedonic price analysis in order to compare price premia of very different sustainability characteristics on the German online market for honey. Honey is particularly interesting as it is perceived as a natural product and regional and organic production competes, e.g., with fairtrade products from developing countries. It is striking that consumer prices for honey contain positive as well as negative implicit prices for sustainability characteristics. Apparently, consumer valuation in terms of the marginal willingness to pay as well as marginal costs differ strongly across the sustainability characteristics. Acknowledgement :
A Cyanine‐Bridged Somatostatin Hybrid Probe for Multimodal SSTR2 Imaging in Vitro and in Vivo: Synthesis and Evaluation
Creators: name: Heing‐Becker, Isabelle
name: Grötzinger, Carsten
name: Beindorff, Nicola
name: Prasad, Sonal
name: Erdmann, Sarah
name: Exner, Samantha
name: Haag, Rainer
name: Licha, Kai
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: cyanines
subject: fluorescence
subject: multimodal imaging
subject: octreotate
subject: SSTR2
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Multimodal imaging probes have attracted the interest of ongoing research, for example, for the surgical removal of tumors. Modular synthesis approaches allow the construction of hybrid probes consisting of a radiotracer, a fluorophore and a targeting unit. We present the synthesis of a new asymmetric bifunctional cyanine dye that can be used as a structural and functional linker for the construction of such hybrid probes. 68Ga‐DOTATATE, a well‐characterized radiopeptide targeting the overexpressed somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) in neuroendocrine tumors, was labeled with our cyanine dye, thus providing additional information along with the data obtained from the radiotracer. We tested the SSTR2‐targeting and imaging properties of the resulting probe 68Ga‐DOTA‐ICC‐TATE in vitro and in a tumor xenograft mouse model. Despite the close proximity between dye and pharmacophore, we observed a high binding affinity towards SSTR2 as well as elevated uptake in SSTR2‐overexpressing tumors in the positron emission tomography (PET) scan and histological examination.
ReD-CaNe: A Systematic Methodology for Resilience Analysis and Design of Capsule Networks under Approximations
Creators: name: Marchisio, Alberto
name: Mrazek, Vojtech
name: Hanif, Muhammad Abudllah
name: Shafique, Muhammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advances in Capsule Networks (CapsNets) have shown their superior learning capability, compared to the traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, the extremely high complexity of CapsNets limits their fast deployment in real-world applications. Moreover, while the resilience of CNNs have been extensively investigated to enable their energy-efficient implementations, the analysis of CapsNets' resilience is a largely unexplored area, that can provide a strong foundation to investigate techniques to overcome the CapsNets' complexity challenge. Following the trend of Approximate Computing to enable energy-efficient designs, we perform an extensive resilience analysis of the CapsNets inference subjected to the approximation errors. Our methodology models the errors arising from the approximate components (like multipliers), and analyze their impact on the classification accuracy of CapsNets. This enables the selection of approximate components based on the resilience of each operation of the CapsNet inference. We modify the TensorFlow framework to simulate the injection of approximation noise (based on the models of the approximate components) at different computational operations of the CapsNet inference. Our results show that the CapsNets are more resilient to the errors injected in the computations that occur during the dynamic routing (the softmax and the update of the coefficients), rather than other stages like convolutions and activation functions. Our analysis is extremely useful towards designing efficient CapsNet hardware accelerators with approximate components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proof-of-concept for employing approximations on the specialized CapsNet hardware.
description: To appear at the 23rd Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE 2020). Grenoble, France
Lower entropy bounds and particle number fluctuations in a Fermi sea
Creators: name: Klich, Israel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate, in an elementary manner, that given a partition of the single particle Hilbert space into orthogonal subspaces, a Fermi sea may be factored into pairs of entangled modes, similar to a BCS state. We derive expressions for the entropy and for the particle number fluctuations of a subspace of a fermi sea, at zero and finite temperatures, and relate these by a lower bound on the entropy. As an application we investigate analytically and numerically these quantities for electrons in the lowest Landau level of a quantum Hall sample.
description: shorter version, typos fixed
title: Changes in protein levels as markers of severe disease: an investigation of severe malaria
Creators: name: Gitau, Evelyn Nungari
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2008

description: Compounds directly involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM) remain unclear due to lack of robust methods of identifying and quantifying proteins expressed in low abundance. New developments in proteomics have now made it possible to identify low abundant proteins and provided new tools for studying host-parasite interactions. With these new tools, it may be possible to identify proteomic signatures for patients with various complications associated with severe malaria. A global proteomic strategy was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in archived plasma and CSF drawn from children diagnosed with cerebral malaria (CM) compared to those with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) and slide negative encephalopathy (EN). Samples were first separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) or two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) and analysed using mass spectrometry. The data collected was analyzed using various bio-informatics tools. Finally, a CM mass profile was created using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. Averages of about 150 spots per gel were resolved from CSF from CM and EN patients and 80 spots from ABM patients. In the gels from the CM and EN groups, 45 human proteins were found whilst 20 human proteins were unique to ABM compared to CM. For CSF, a total of 202 human proteins were identified using the 2D-LC system. Of these 13 were unique to CM, 124 to ABM and 32 to EN. 6 proteins were found in both CM and ABM and 18 were found in EN and ABM. 9 proteins were common to all 3 disease groups. A total of 66 P. falciparum proteins were identified but of these 48 were hypothetical proteins. Of the non-hypothetical proteins, 2 were found in both CM and ABM and the rest were found only in ABM. Results show that proteomics can be used to create protein profiles of different disease groups. Majority of the human proteins identified by 2-DE were found to be high abundant proteins found in CSF and plasma. The use of 2D-LC enabled the identification of more low abundant proteins but some of the P. falciparum proteins identified by 2-DE were not seen in the 2D-LC method. Majority of the human proteins found were acute phase response plasma proteins including common circulating proteins such as albumin and apolipoproteins, blood transporters and binding proteins, protease inhibitors, enzymes, cytokines and hormones, and channel and receptor-derived proteins. There seems to be a correlation between the number of proteins found in the CSF and the level of blood brain barrier break down.
Analysis and interpretation of high transverse entanglement in optical parametric down conversion
Creators: name: Law, C. K.
name: Eberly, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum entanglement associated with transverse wave vectors of down conversion photons is investigated based on the Schmidt decomposition method. We show that transverse entanglement involves two variables: orbital angular momentum and transverse frequency. We show that in the monochromatic limit high values of entanglement are closely controlled by a single parameter resulting from the competition between (transverse) momentum conservation and longitudinal phase matching. We examine the features of the Schmidt eigenmodes, and indicate how entanglement can be enhanced by suitable mode selection methods.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Hydrochus sculptissimus Perkins 2021, new species
Creators: name: Perkins, Philip D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Hydrochidae
Hydrochus
Hydrochus sculptissimus

description: Hydrochus sculptissimus, new species
Figs. 1, 48, 55, 70
 Type Material. Holotype (male): “ BRAZIL: Para; Rio Xingu Camp, (3°39’S, 52°22’W), Altamira (ca. 60km S.), 15 Oct. 1986, P. Spangler & O. Flint // Colln. #24 pond at 2nd palm grove on trail 1” (NMNH).
 Differential Diagnosis. Among Brazilian species, recognized by the combination of small size (ca. 2.45 mm), black color, the highly sculptured dorsum, with deep foveae, costate elytral interseries, and abruptly raised, nipplelike, callus of 5 th elytral interstria, and the male genitalia (Fig. 48; described below). Reliable differentiation from other similarly small sized black species with costate elytra should include dissection of males.
 Description. Size: holotype (length/width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 2.45/1.02; head width 0.62; pronotum l/w 0.65/0.65; PA 0.65; PB 0.46; elytra 1.51/1.02. Habitus as illustrated (Fig. 48). Dorsum black, except testaceous callus of 5 th interstria; very slight iridescence in depressions. Legs brown, lateral margin of tibiae with row of spines. Head with frons medially tumid, with longitudinal punctate groove on each side of tumidity. Punctation on elytra ca. 3–5x that of pronotum. Callus on 5 th small, round, high, very abruptly raised, with short setae.
Pronotum slightly wider than long (ratio ca. 9/8), widest slightly behind anterior margin, strongly narrowed at base, sides weakly sinuate, non-denticulate; anterior margin bisinuate; lateral and anterior margins with row of moderately long setae; depressions large, deep, much more densely punctate than almost impunctate rather sharp reliefs.
 Elytra with sutural and intervals 3, 5, 7, and 9 costate; costa of 7 th interval interrupted in midlength, other costae complete; punctures very large, spaces between strial punctures narrow walls to ca. 0.5x their diameter, many punctures in off-set pattern; apices acuminate, rather sharply separately rounded in dorsal view, in lateral view outer margin without angulation.
Ventral characters: Mentum punctate, with central depression; submentum setose, without foveae.
Male genitalia (Fig. 48) general characters: genitalia without parameres, basal piece elongate, trisinuate in lateral view, in dorsal/ventral views straight, slightly widened at ca. midlength and at distal 3/4; distal end with concavity on dorsal surface, minute bifurcate process in concavity.
 Etymology. Named in reference to the very highly sculptured dorsum.
description: Published as part of Perkins, Philip D., 2021, Taxonomy of water beetles in the genus Hydrochus Leach, 1817, from Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay (Coleoptera: Hydrochidae), pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 4994 (1) on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4994.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5043261
Bridging gender gaps through innovations in agricultural value chains in Africa
Creators: name: Njiraini, G.
name: Ngigi, M.
name: Njiraini, G.
name: Ngigi, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper examines innovations for bridging gender gaps in agricultural value chains in Africa. It focuses on innovative platforms for addressing gender gaps, considering women contribute up to 40 percent of labor in agricultural production. Women remain at the bottom of value chains and face gender-specific constraints attributable to gender and social norms, discriminatory beliefs and practices, gender-blind designs and delivery of technologies and innovations which impede women s participation in value chains. Consequently, women are unable to adjust to challenges and opportunities of technological progress, commercial orientation, and global integration. This paper suggests that gender-sensitive technological and institutional innovations is essential to promote women s participation in agricultural value chains and bridge the gender gap while upholding gender-specific outcomes. The study shows that women rely on alternative institutional innovations and arrangements such as group-based approaches in order to improve their participation in value chains which implies the call for policies that nurture and strengthen these kinds of institutions. Integrating research, designing value chain interventions and monitoring and evaluation with a gender lens is essential in order to accelerate women s participation in value chain development programmes, while allowing them to be role models and spearhead their own empowerment. Acknowledgement : We acknowledge the financial support from the Center for Development Research under PARI project
The Luminosity Distance in Perturbed FLRW Spacetimes
Creators: name: Pyne, Ted
name: Birkinshaw, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an expression for the luminosity distance in FLRW spacetimes affected by scalar perturbations. Our expression is complete to linear order and is expressed entirely in terms of standard cosmological parameters and observational quantities. We illustrate the result by calculating the RMS scatter in the usual luminosity distance in flat (Omega_m,Omega_Lambda) = (1.0,0.0) and (0.3,0.7) cosmologies. In both cases the scatter is appreciable at high redshifts, and rises above 11% at z = 2, where it may be the dominant noise term in the Hubble diagram based on SN Ia.
description: 8 pages Latex, 6 embedded Postscript figures
MALAWI'S AGRICULTURAL EXPORT STRATEGY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INCOME DISTRIBUTION
Creators: name: Christiansen, Robert E.
name: Kydd, J. G.
name: Christiansen, Robert E.
name: Kydd, J. G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Income distribution
subject: development
subject: Malawi
subject: agricultural trade

description: Malawi is widely regarded as one of the few examples of successful development in sub-Saharan Africa. Malawi's growth during the 1960's and 1970's was based almost entirely on an agricultural export strategy featuring tobacco, sugar, and tea. Given the current prominence of agricultural export strategies in the recommendations of multilateral aid agencies, it is worth analyzing the impact of one such strategy on income distribution in a country whose growth performance is generally well regarded. For Malawi, the specifics of that strategy had significant consequences for income distribution. While there is evidence that distributional equity in the country has declined, it is correctable without adversely affecting the export orientation of the country's development strategy.
Quintessential Maldacena-Maoz Cosmologies
Creators: name: McInnes, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Maldacena and Maoz have proposed a new approach to holographic cosmology based on Euclidean manifolds with disconnected boundaries. This approach appears, however, to be in conflict with the known geometric results [the Witten-Yau theorem and its extensions] on spaces with boundaries of non-negative scalar curvature. We show precisely how the Maldacena-Maoz approach evades these theorems. We also exhibit Maldacena-Maoz cosmologies with [cosmologically] more natural matter content, namely quintessence instead of Yang-Mills fields, thereby demonstrating that these cosmologies do not depend on a special choice of matter to split the Euclidean boundary. We conclude that if our Universe is fundamentally anti-de Sitter-like [with the current acceleration being only temporary], then this may force us to confront the holography of spaces with a connected bulk but a disconnected boundary.
description: Much improved exposition, exponent in Cai-Galloway theorem fixed, axionic interpretation of scalar explained, JHEP version. 33 pages, 3 eps figures
FARMLAND OWNERSHIP AND LEASING IN THE UNITED STATES, 1982
Creators: name: Bernat, G. Andrew
name: Bernat, G. Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Owning agricultural land
subject: leasing agricultural land
subject: 1982 Census of Agriculture

description: This report is a summary of the most current data on owning and leasing agricultural land in the United States. Drawn primarily on the 1982 Census of Agriculture, data on owning and leasing are presented by region for size of holdings, tenure, type of farm organization, and value of farm sales.
FARM EQUIPMENT LEASING: A NEW FINANCIAL STRATEGY
Creators: name: Serletis, William S.
name: Serletis, William S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Lessee
subject: lessor
subject: debt
subject: assets
subject: return
subject: taxes
subject: net present value

description: For farmers with high debt/asset ratios, leasing is an attractive option for securing the use of farm machinery. Under the current tax laws, financial leasing carries lower after-tax costs than loan-purchasing. By size, farms with over $500,000 in sales had the highest proportion of U.S. expenditures for farm equipment leasing. By region, the Pacific States, Corn Belt, Delta-Southern Plains, and Northern Plains regions accounted for the largest proportion of expenditures. By farm type, cash grain, dairy, general livestock, and field-general crop farms recorded the largest proportion.
Extitation of wakefield by a laser pulse in a metallic-density electron plasma
Creators: name: Bondar, Denys
name: Maslov, Vasyl
name: Levchuk, Iryna
name: Onishcenko, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.2.1
subject: 65Z05

description: Since it is possible to form laser pulses with a frequency much larger than the frequency of visible light, Prof. T.Tajima proposed using such pulse to accelerate the particles at its injection into the crystal. Here, the wakefield excitation in the metallic-density plasma and the electron acceleration by laser pulse are simulated. The accelerating gradient has been ob-tained approximately 3TV/m. It is shown that, as in ordinary plasma, with time beam-plasma wakefield acceleration is added to laser wakefield acceleration.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, 4-th European Advanced Accelerators Workshop
The apparent size of GRB afterglows as a test of the Fireball model
Creators: name: Oren, Yonatan
name: Nakar, Ehud
name: Piran, Tsvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Taylor et al. (2004) reported recently on the first direct measurement of the apparent size of a GRB afterglow. Here we confront these observations with the predictions of the fireball model. We use a simple model to study numerically the evolution of the fireball and determine its apparent size, starting at the early spherical expansion phase through the jet break and into the Newtonian regime. We perform these calculations on the background of a uniform interstellar medium and a massive stellar wind environment. We find that the calculated apparent size at the time of the measurements taken by Taylor et al. depends only weakly on the chosen parameters (the jet opening angle, the energy, and the external density profile). Thus it is reassuring that the only possible outcome of the model, within the plausible range of parameters, agrees very well with the data. These measurements therefore present us with a strong test of possible GRB models, which the fireball model passes successfully.
Connected Components of The Space of Surface Group Representations
Creators: name: Ho, Nan-Kuo
name: Liu, Chiu-Chu Melissa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D99

description: Let G be a connected, compact, semisimple Lie group. It is known that for a compact closed orientable surface $Σ$ of genus $l >1$, the order of the group $H^2(Σ,π_1(G))$ is equal to the number of connected components of the space $Hom(π_1(Σ),G)/G$ which can also be identified with the moduli space of gauge equivalence classes of flat G-bundles over $Σ$. We show that the same statement for a closed compact nonorientable surface which is homeomorphic to the connected sum of k copies of the real projective plane, where $k\neq 1,2,4$, can be easily derived from a result in A. Alekseev, A.Malkin and E. Meinrenken's recent work on Lie group valued moment maps.
description: 11 pages
THE MAGNITUDE AND COSTS OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION FROM AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS: A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Nielsen, Elizabeth G.
name: Lee, Linda K.
name: Nielsen, Elizabeth G.
name: Lee, Linda K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Groundwater contamination
subject: agricultural chemicals
subject: nitrates
subject: pesticides
subject: drinking water

description: Evidence is mounting that agricultural pesticide and fertilizer applications are causing groundwater contamination in some parts of the United States. A synthesis of national data has enabled researchers to identify regions potentially affected by contamination from pesticides and fertilizers and to estimate the number of people in these regions who rely on groundwater for their drinking water needs. The study found that pesticides and nitrates from fertilizers do not necessarily occur together in potentially contaminated regions. Monitoring and remedial costs, which would fall most heavily on rural people dependent on private wells, could be substantial.
Domain Adaptive Transfer Attack (DATA)-based Segmentation Networks for Building Extraction from Aerial Images
Creators: name: Na, Younghwan
name: Kim, Jun Hee
name: Lee, Kyungsu
name: Park, Juhum
name: Hwang, Jae Youn
name: Choi, Jihwan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Semantic segmentation models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have gained much attention in relation to remote sensing and have achieved remarkable performance for the extraction of buildings from high-resolution aerial images. However, the issue of limited generalization for unseen images remains. When there is a domain gap between the training and test datasets, CNN-based segmentation models trained by a training dataset fail to segment buildings for the test dataset. In this paper, we propose segmentation networks based on a domain adaptive transfer attack (DATA) scheme for building extraction from aerial images. The proposed system combines the domain transfer and adversarial attack concepts. Based on the DATA scheme, the distribution of the input images can be shifted to that of the target images while turning images into adversarial examples against a target network. Defending adversarial examples adapted to the target domain can overcome the performance degradation due to the domain gap and increase the robustness of the segmentation model. Cross-dataset experiments and the ablation study are conducted for the three different datasets: the Inria aerial image labeling dataset, the Massachusetts building dataset, and the WHU East Asia dataset. Compared to the performance of the segmentation network without the DATA scheme, the proposed method shows improvements in the overall IoU. Moreover, it is verified that the proposed method outperforms even when compared to feature adaptation (FA) and output space adaptation (OSA).
description: 11pages, 12 figures
When to Discontinue Isolation Precaution for Critically-III COVID-19 Patients
Creators: name: Anucha Apisarnthanarak
Publisher: name: Thammasat Printing House
Year: 2021
Subjects: When to Discontinue Isolation Precaution for Critically-III COVID-19 Patients

description: Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine, 21, Supplement 1, S7
Data-Driven Transmission Patterns of COVID-19 in ASEAN+6
Creators: name: Panyawut Sri-Iesaranusorn
Publisher: name: Thammasat Printing House
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
ASEAN+6
Unsupervised learning
Transmission pattern
Effective reproduction number

description: Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine, 21, Supplement 1, S9
FOREIGN OWNERSHIP OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1986
Creators: name: DeBraal, J. Peter
name: DeBraal, J. Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Agricultural land
subject: foreign landownership
subject: landholdings
subject: land acquisitions
subject: land dispositions

description: Foreigners owned 12.4 million acres of U.S. agricultural land as of December 31, 1986. This is slightly less than 1 percent of all privately held agricultural land and 0.5 percent of all land in the United States. These and other findings are based on an analysis of reports submitted in compliance with the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978.
STATE LAWS RELATING TO PREFERENTIAL ASSESSMENT OF FARMLAND
Creators: name: Grillo, Kimberly A.
name: Seid, David A.
name: Grillo, Kimberly A.
name: Seid, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Political Economy
subject: Agriculture
subject: assessment
subject: current use
subject: deferred tax
subject: open space land
subject: State laws
subject: valuation

description: Forty-nine States have laws directed at preferential assessment of farmland. These laws vary greatly from State to State. Eighteen States have laws solely on preferential assessment. Twenty-seven State have laws on preferential assessment and deferred taxation. Six States have laws on restrictive agreements.
Generation of exactly solvable non-Hermitian potentials with real energies
Creators: name: Sinha, Anjana
name: Roy, Pinaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of exactly solvable non-trivial complex potentials (possessing real spectra) are generated by applying the Darboux transformation to the excited eigenstates of a non-Hermitian potential V(x). This method yields an infinite number of non-trivial partner potentials, defined over the whole real line, whose spectra are nearly exactly identical to the original potential.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, Based on the talk presented at the 1st International Workshop "Psedo-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics", held in Prague, June 16, 17, 2003. To be published in Czech. J. Phys. (Jan. 2004)
Where are the High Velocity Clouds in Local Group Analogs?
Creators: name: Pisano, D. J.
name: Barnes, David
name: Gibson, Brad
name: Staveley-Smith, Lister
name: Freeman, Ken
name: Kilborn, Virginia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-velocity clouds (HVCs) are clouds of HI seen around the Milky Way with velocities inconsistent with Galactic rotation, have unknown distances and masses and controversial origins. One possibility is that HVCs are associated with the small dark matter halos seen in models of galaxy formation and distributed at distances of 150 kpc - 1 Mpc. We report on our attempts to detect the analogs to such putative extragalactic clouds in three groups of galaxies similar to our own Local Group using the ATNF Parkes telescope and Compact Array. Eleven dwarf galaxies were found, but no HI clouds lacking stars were detected. Using the population of compact HVCs around the Milky Way as a template, we find that our non-detection of analogs implies that they must be clustered within 160 kpc of the Milky Way (and other galaxies) with an average HI mass <4x10^5 M(sun) at the 95% confidence level. This is in accordance with recent limits derived by other authors. If our groups are true analogs to the Local Group, then this makes the original Blitz et al. and Braun & Burton picture of HVCs residing out to 1 Mpc from the Milky Way extremely unlikely. The total HI mass in HVCs, < 10^8 M(sun), implies that there is not a large reservoir of neutral hydrogen waiting to be accreted onto the Milky Way. Any substantial reservoir of baryonic matter must be mostly ionized or condensed enough as to be undetectable.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, ApJ letters, in press
The Effects of Telluric Contamination in Iodine Calibrated Precise Radial Velocities
Creators: name: Wang, Sharon Xuesong
name: Wright, Jason T.
name: Bender, Chad
name: Howard, Andrew W.
name: Isaacson, Howard
name: Veyette, Mark
name: Muirhead, Philip S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterized the effects of telluric absorption lines on the radial velocity (RV) precision of stellar spectra taken through an iodine cell. To isolate the effects induced by telluric contamination from other stellar, instrumental, or numerical systematic RV noise, we extracted RVs from simulated iodine calibrated spectra of three RV standard stars regularly observed by Keck/HIRES. We add in water absorption lines according to measured precipitable water vapor (PWV) contents over a one-year period. We concluded that telluric contamination introduces additional RV noise and spurious periodic signals on the level of 10-20 cm/s, consistent with similar previous studies. Our findings show that forward modeling the telluric lines effectively recovers the RV precision and accuracy, with no prior knowledge of the PWV needed. Such a recovery is less effective when the water absorption lines are relatively deep in the stellar template used in the forward modeling. Overall, telluric contamination plays an insignificant role for typical iodine-calibrated RV programs aiming at ~1-2 m/s, but we recommend adding modeling of telluric lines and taking stellar template observations on nights with low humidity for programs aiming to achieve sub-m/s precision.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures. AJ accepted
Steady shear flow thermodynamics based on a canonical distribution approach
Creators: name: Taniguchi, Tooru
name: Morriss, Gary P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-equilibrium steady state thermodynamics to describe shear flows is developed using a canonical distribution approach. We construct a canonical distribution for shear flow based on the energy in the moving frame using the Lagrangian formalism of the classical mechanics. From this distribution we derive the Evans-Hanley shear flow thermodynamics, which is characterized by the first law of thermodynamics $dE = T dS - Q dγ$ relating infinitesimal changes in energy $E$, entropy $S$ and shear rate $γ$ with kinetic temperature $T$. Our central result is that the coefficient $Q$ is given by Helfand's moment for viscosity. This approach leads to thermodynamic stability conditions for shear flow, one of which is equivalent to the positivity of the correlation function of $Q$. We emphasize the role of the external work required to sustain the steady shear flow in this approach, and show theoretically that the ensemble average of its power $\dot{W}$ must be non-negative. A non-equilibrium entropy, increasing in time, is introduced, so that the amount of heat based on this entropy is equal to the average of $\dot{W}$. Numerical results from non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of two-dimensional many-particle systems with soft-core interactions are presented which support our interpretation.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures
Longitudinal filament oscillations enhanced by two C-class flares
Creators: name: Zhang, Q. M.
name: Guo, J. H.
name: Tam, K. V.
name: Xu, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we report the multiwavelength observations of a very long filament in active region (AR) 11112 on 2010 October 18. The filament was composed of two parts, the eastern part (EP) and western part (WP). We focus on longitudinal oscillations of the EP, which were enhanced by two homologous C-class flares in the same AR. The C1.3 flare was confined without a CME. Both EP and WP of the filament were slightly disturbed and survived the flare. After 5 hrs, eruption of the WP generated a C2.6 flare and a narrow, jet-like CME. Three oscillating threads (thd$_a$, thd$_b$, thd$_c$) are obviously identified in the EP and their oscillations are naturally divided into three phases by the two flares. The initial amplitude ranges from 1.6 to 30 Mm with a mean value of $\sim$14 Mm. The period ranges from 34 to 73 minutes with a mean value of $\sim$53 minutes. The curvature radii of the magnetic dips are estimated to be 29 to 133 Mm with a mean value of $\sim$74 Mm. The damping times ranges from $\sim$62 to $\sim$96 minutes with a mean value of $\sim$82 minutes. The value of $τ/P$ is between 1.2 and 1.8. For thd$_a$ in the EP, the amplitudes were enhanced by the two flares from 6.1 Mm to 6.8 Mm after the C1.3 flare and further to 21.4 Mm after the C2.6 flare. The period variation as a result of perturbation from the flares was within 20\%. The attenuation became faster after the C2.6 flare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of large-amplitude, longitudinal filament oscillations enhanced by flares. Numerical simulations reproduce the oscillations of thd$_a$ very well. The simulated amplitudes and periods are close to the observed values, while the damping time in the last phase is longer, implying additional mechanisms should be taken into account apart from radiative loss.
description: 9 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
The theorem of Kerekjarto on periodic homeomorphisms of the disc and the sphere
Creators: name: Constantin, Adrian
name: Kolev, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55M99 (primary), 54H20 (secondary)

description: We give a modern exposition and an elementary proof of the topological equivalence between periodic homeomorphisms of the disc and the sphere and euclidean isometries.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures