cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interface Engineering of Silicon/Perovskite Two-Terminal Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: Hadipour, A.
name: Sala, J.
name: Kuang, Y.
name: Sivaramakrishnan Radhakrishnan, H.
name: Abdulraheem, Y.
name: Aernouts, T.
name: Poortmans, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 508-510
description: To overcome the efficiency limitation of single-junction Si solar cells, tandem structures can be made with a top cell based on perovskite materials, benefitting from their low processing cost, versatility in bandgap tuning and high performance. In 2-terminal (2T) silicon/perovskite (Si/PK) tandem devices controlling the recombination between the two sub-cells is critical to the overall performance of the tandem. Here, we present improved open circuit voltage for a PTAA based recombination junction via double-layered hole transporting stack. Tandem devices based on a dual-cation (2C) perovskite Csy(MAxFA1-x)1-yPb(I1-xBrx)3 with 1.6 eV bandgap in the top cell and silicon heterojunction bottom cell with open-circuit voltages above 1.8 V and 24.6 % power conversion efficiency with 1 cm2 monolithic active area have been obtained with reproducible results.
Probing Carrier Transport and Structure-property Relationship of Highly Ordered Organic Semiconductors at Two-dimensional Limit
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuhan
name: Qiao, Jingsi
name: Gao, Si
name: Hu, Fengrui
name: He, Daowei
name: Wu, Bing
name: Yang, Ziyi
name: Xu, Bingchen
name: Li, Yun
name: Shi, Yi
name: Ji, Wei
name: Wang, Peng
name: Wang, Xiaoyong
name: Xiao, Min
name: Xu, Hangxun
name: Xu, Jian-Bin
name: Wang, Xinran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the basic assumptions in organic field-effect transistors, the most fundamental device unit in organic electronics, is that charge transport occurs two-dimensionally in the first few molecular layers near the dielectric interface. Although the mobility of bulk organic semiconductors has increased dramatically, direct probing of intrinsic charge transport in the two-dimensional limit has not been possible due to excessive disorders and traps in ultrathin organic thin films. Here, highly ordered mono- to tetra-layer pentacene crystals are realized by van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy on hexagonal BN. We find that the charge transport is dominated by hopping in the first conductive layer, but transforms to band-like in subsequent layers. Such abrupt phase transition is attributed to strong modulation of the molecular packing by interfacial vdW interactions, as corroborated by quantitative structural characterization and density functional theory calculations. The structural modulation becomes negligible beyond the second conductive layer, leading to a mobility saturation thickness of only ~3nm. Highly ordered organic ultrathin films provide a platform for new physics and device structures (such as heterostructures and quantum wells) that are not possible in conventional bulk crystals.
description: 4 figures
Optimizing Top-TCO for Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: King, H.
name: Sittinger, V.
name: Harig, T.
name: Stoll, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 511-514
description: Using reactive sputtering processes, indium zinc oxide (IZO) and hydrogen-doped indium oxide (IO:H) films were developed for use as the top-TCO contact for perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. Perovskite materials have shown significant promise as an upcoming absorber material for use in tandem solar cell configurations. Both the IZO and IO:H films were deposited at temperatures below 100 °C in order to prevent any possible degradation of the perovskite absorber material. The IO:H films required a post-deposition thermal annealing process of 220 °C for 30 minutes in air, after which they showed comparable conductivities and improved absorptance when compared with the IZO films. Additionally, the IO:H films showed over double (112 vs < 50) the carrier mobilities of the IZO films, showing potential as a future top-TCO candidate.
The Role of Customer Responsive Culture in Enhancing Customer Loyalty: the case of Cooperative Bank of Oromia Addis Ababa City branches
Creators: name: Ashebir, Teshome
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Customers have an unquestionable role for the success of any banking industry. Its significance will be more if they are loyal customers. This research is made to indicate the role of customer responsive culture in enhancing customer loyalty by showing it as alternative way beside other means to enhance customer loyalty. Consequently, it is sought to fill the knowledge gap in this area. In this study, variables shaping customer responsive culture (personality of employee, formalization, employee empowerment, listening skills, role clarity and organizational citizenship behavior) are independent variables and customer loyalty is dependent variable. The sample size for the study is 400 customers. And a questionnaire with a 5 point Likert scale is applied as data collection instrument from the sampled customers. The researcher used convenient sampling method to distribute the questionnaire. The questionnaires are distributed to the customers of eight branches found in the three district divisions of CBO. After branch selection, 420 questionnaires are distributed to customers but 355 among returned are fit for data analysis. SPSS version 20 is adopted to analyze these data. As of the finding on average the customers tend to be loyal to Cooperative Bank of Oromia. In addition, customers feel customer responsive culture level at CBO is medium or higher. However, there are customers with significant share of lower test for both the level of customer loyalty and customer responsive culture. The correlation analysis revealed that there is statistically significant medium and strong positive correlation between all the independent variables and customer loyalty. Moreover, formalization (0.544) and organizational citizenship behavior (0.521) have strong positive correlation with customer loyalty. The regression analysis also revealed that formalization (β=0.203) and organizational citizenship behavior (β=0.201) citrus paribus have a positive and higher effect than other independent variables on customer loyalty. To sum up, as the data analysis indicated customer responsive culture have a significant influence on customer loyalty where 55.8% of variation in customer loyalty is affected by the shaping variables of customer responsive culture.
TCO Optimization of c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells for Tandem Architecture by Optical Simulation
Creators: name: Canino, M.
name: Boldrini, V.
name: Rizzoli, R.
name: Centurioni, E.
name: Maurizi, A.
name: Lombardo, S.
name: Terrasi, A.
name: Summonte, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 501-504
description: Silicon heterojunctions (Si HJs) are regarded as a promising structure to develop high efficiency tandem solar cells. However, the Si HJ structure has been optimized for use as single junction device and variations might be made in order to adapt it to tandem applications. In this work we analyse by optical simulations the improvements that could be achieved in the short circuit current of Si HJs used as bottom cell in tandem devices, if the front TCO layer is made thicker. This solution allows to adapt the absorption in the Si HJ to the incident light spectrum, that is rich of high wavelength photons if a wide band gap cell is put on top of the Si HJ. The investigation has been carried out for two top cell technologies: a high efficiency InGaP solar cell and a semitransparent perovskite solar cell. The improvement in JSC is of the order of 1 mA in both cases, and is more pronounced when the edge of transparency of the top cell occurs at higher wavelength.
Wide Bandgap Pure Sulfide CIGS Layers for Si/CIGS Tandem Cells from Metal Coevaporation Engineering and Sulfur Annealing
Creators: name: Crossay, A.
name: Gloaguen, H.
name: Cammilleri, D.
name: Lontchi, J.
name: Rebai, A.
name: Barreau, N.
name: Lincot, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 505-507
description: Recent improvements in wide bandgap Cu(In,Ga)S2 (CIGSu) solar cells efficiencies [1, 2] confirm the potential of tandem silicon/CIGSu solar cells. In this work, the deposition of pure sulfide wide gap CIGSu on silicon via a two-step method is investigated. Cu, In and Ga are deposited by the highly versatile coevaporation process, which enables to engineer the properties of the metallic films prior to sulfurization. Power conversion efficiencies of 7.5% with a CdS buffer layer and 6.5% with a Zn(O,S) buffer layer were achieved with this method on standard glass/Mo substrates. On silicon substrates, the effects of (co)deposition sequence of the metals were investigated, and show a strong influence on the morphology of the layers after sulfurization. This study validates the relevance of using this coevaporation-based two-step deposition method for the investigation of CIGSu deposition on silicon for tandem solar cells.
Magnetic anisotropy of the single-crystalline ferromagnetic insulator Cr2Ge2Te6
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Zhao, Yuelei
name: Song, Qi
name: Jia, Shuang
name: Shi, Jing
name: Han, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cr2Ge2Te6 (CGT), a layered ferromagnetic insulator, has attracted a great deal of interest recently owing to its potential for integration with Dirac materials to realize the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) and to develop novel spintronics devices. Here, we study the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy of single-crystalline CGT and determine that the magnetic easy axis is directed along the c-axis in its ferromagnetic phase. In addition, CGT is an insulator below the Curie temperature. These properties make CGT a potentially promising candidate substrate for integration with topological insulators for the realization of the high-temperature QAHE.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Assessment of marketing mixes and sales performance of insurance companies: A Case of Ethiopian Insurance Corporation
Creators: name: Molla, Birhanie
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: The general objective of this study was to assess marketing mixes practice of insurance companies, using the case study of the Ethiopian Insurance Corporation. The study was guided by the specific objectives of assessing the role of marketing mixes on sales performance of the Corporation. A descriptive research design was used for the study. The target population was 263 respondents comprising of 99 customers, 83 intermediaries (sales agents and insurance brokers) and 81 employees that largely interact customers. Stratified probability sampling technique was used to select the sample. The researcher used primary data for this study and collected using questionnaires. On the primary data, questionnaires were used to collect data and data has been analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics includes mean, frequency, standard deviation and percentages to profile sample characteristics were applied. The reliability of the tool applied was tested and a Cronbach alpha value of 0.733 has been obtained. The study found that price, process and products were identified as the most important marketing mix that played vital role on sales performance of EIC. This study has recommended that the price need to be competent and affordable and adoption of various claim settlement options such as cash option & outsourcing have to be implemented. The study further recommends that feedback/views of customers, sales agents and insurance brokers need to incorporate at time of product development. Lastly, the study recommends that another study needs to be done with an aim of investigating the effect of marketing mix on firm performance considering the private insurance companies as well.
The Impact of High Spectral Match: Using an LED Solar Simulator for Tandems
Creators: name: Mihaylov, B.
name: Duck, B.C.
name: Fell, C.J.
name: Jones, T.W.
name: Anderson, K.F.
name: Wilson, G.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 496-500
description: Spectral responsivity (SR) measurements on stable multi-junction (tandem) solar cells are never trivial, however the procedure is well-established and methods exist to correct for measurement artefacts. Perovskite/Silicon (PSK/Si) devices present a challenge however, since they typically exhibit metastability and degradation, even during the measurement. This complicates SR measurements, leading to uncertainty in the setup of the solar simulator for the primary current-voltage (I–V) measurement. We demonstrate a way to optimize the spectrum of a LED-based solar simulator so that both the spectral mismatch (SMM) and its sensitivity to the spectrum are small. The method leverages the inherent flexibility in the multichannel light source and combines it with known spectral responsivity data from a range of similar devices. The impact is that tandem solar cells can be measured accurately even with no prior information about their spectral responsivity. We estimate for a PSK/Si device the additional uncertainty in measured efficiency can be as low as 0.32%. This significantly reduces the exposure of the devices to light and voltage bias, thus minimizing metastability and degradation prior to the most important part of the measurement
Observation of a 4-spin Plaquette Singlet State in the Shastry-Sutherland compound SrCu2(BO3)2
Creators: name: Zayed, Mohamed E.
name: Rüegg, Christian
name: Larrea, Julio
name: Läuchli, Andreas M.
name: Panagopoulos, Christos
name: Saxena, Siddharth S.
name: Ellerby, Mark
name: McMorrow, Desmond F.
name: Straessle, Thierry
name: Klotz, Stefan
name: Hamel, Gerard
name: Sadykov, Ravil A.
name: Pomjakushin, Vladimir
name: Boehm, Martin
name: Jimenez-Ruiz, Monica
name: Schneidewind, Astrid
name: Pomjakushina, Ekaterina
name: Stingaciu, Marian
name: Conder, Kazimierz
name: Ronnow, Henrik M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of interacting spin systems is of fundamental importance for modern condensed matter physics. On frustrated lattices, magnetic exchange interactions cannot be simultaneously satisfied, and often give rise to competing exotic ground states. The frustrated 2D Shastry-Sutherland lattice realized by SrCu2(BO3)2 is an important test to our understanding of quantum magnetism. It was constructed to have an exactly solvable 2-spin dimer singlet ground state within a certain range of exchange parameters and frustration. While the exact dimer state and the antiferromagnetic order at both ends of the phase diagram are well known, the ground state and spin correlations in the intermediate frustration range have been widely debated. We report here the first experimental identification of the conjectured plaquette singlet intermediate phase in SrCu2(BO3)2. It is observed by inelastic neutron scattering after pressure tuning at 21.5 kbar. This gapped plaquette singlet state with strong 4-spin correlations leads to a transition to an ordered Neel state above 40 kbar, which can realize a deconfined quantum critical point.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Bichromatic Light Source for Subcell Performance Analysis in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: Jošt, M.
name: Matic, G.
name: Köhnen, E.
name: Li, B.
name: Glažar, B.
name: Jankovec, M.
name: Albrecht, S.
name: Topic, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 483-485
description: We present a tailored bichromatic LED array setup for in-depth analysis of tandem solar cells. Two spectrally independent LED arrays are used to selectively bias the two subcells of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem devices, which facilitates intensity calibration and improves stability of the light source. The developed bichromatic LED setup (BCLED) offers a reliable and spectrally controlled several 1000-hours long maximum power point stability test of tandem solar cells. Additionally, selective biasing of subcells enables investigation of individual subcell performance. We showcase this by successfully disentangling the tandem J-V curve into subcell J-V curves. A detailed procedure how to use BCLED to obtain parameters for one diode-model of each subell is described, with the parameters later used to reconstruct tandem and both subcell J-V curves using simulations. The procedure is validated by simulations and then employed on a high-efficiency perovskite/silicon tandem device, showing great matching with the measured J-V curve. Therefore, the BCLED setup can be used for quick subcell quality control and performance analysis as well as for long-term stability testing in maximum-power-point tracking mode with periodic I-V scans.
Tunable magneto-granular phononic crystals
Creators: name: Allein, F.
name: Tournat, V.
name: Gusev, V. E.
name: Theocharis, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports on the study of the dynamics of 1D magneto-granular phononic crystals composed of a chain of spherical steel beads inside a properly designed magnetic field. This field is induced by an array of permanent magnets, located in a holder at a given distance from the chain. The theoretical and experimental results of the band gap structure are displayed, including all six degrees of freedom for the beads, i.e. three translations and three rotations. Experimental evidence of transverse-rotational modes of propagation is pre- sented; moreover, by changing the strength of the magnetic field, the dynamic response of the granular chain is tuned. The combination of non-contact tunability with the potentially strong nonlinear behavior of gran- ular systems ensures the suitability of magneto-granular phononic crystals as nonlinear, tunable mechanical metamaterials for use in controlling elastic wave propagation.
Elizaveta Thiemann
Creators: Bagrov, Peter
Kovalova, Anna
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Elizaveta Thiemann is the first credited female film director in Russia, which is a substantial accomplishment in and of itself. But she is best known for her work as a producer. Together with her husband Paul Ernst Julius (Pavel Gustavovich) Thiemann (1881-1954), she managed one of the most successful film companies in pre-revolutionary Russia, known, at different times, as Thiemann and Rheinhardt Trading House, Russian Golden Series [Russkaia zolotaia seriia], and Era. In his memoirs, director Viacheslav Viskovskii writes about the “missises” [“khoziaiki”] who were often in charge of film company affairs no less than their producer husbands. Apart from “madame Thiemann,” he mentions “madame Khanzhonkova” (Antonina Khanzhonkova, the wife of legendary film producer Alexander Khanzhonkov), who he describes as “a very business-like lady, yet ignorant in literature and art” (Viskovskii 4-5). While most characterizations of Khanzhonkova in memoirs are similar to Viskovskii’s, or even more negative, Thiemann is usually described more positively: director Vladimir Gardin mentions “Thiemann, with his wife who knew the film industry quite well and took part in directing films” (Gardin 116); and cinematographerAlexander Levitskii recollects the Thiemanns very favorably, writing that, “Thiemann was set apart [from other producers] due to his high level of culture as well as decency. His wife Elizaveta Vladimirovna was also a great admirer and expert of art. Their house was often packed with Moscow writers, artists, and actors” (Levitskii 67). While the prominent role played by Elizaveta Thiemann in Russian film history was emphasized by memoirists, as well as later film scholars like Neia Zorkaia, Vladimir Mikhailov, and Denise J. Youngblood, it is hard to determine the extent of her contributions; her name was rarely mentioned in the trade press, and there are few surviving documents from the time.
The Performance of Four-Terminal Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells under Different Irradiance Levels
Creators: name: Nikolskaia, A.B.
name: Vildanova, M.F.
name: Kozlov, S.S.
name: Alexeeva, O.V.
name: Karyagina, O.K.
name: Shevaleevskiy, O.I.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 486-489
description: Four-terminal (4-terminal) tandem perovskite-silicon solar cells (PSC/c-Si) were manufactured and studied. Semitransparent PSCs with the device architecture of glass/FTO/c- TiO2/MO2/CH3NH3PbI3/PTAA/PEDOT:PSS/FTO/glass (M = Zr, Hf) were prepared and used as top solar cells. To fabricate the PSCs nanostructured metal oxides with very large bandgap (Eg > 5 eV), such as ZrO2 and HfO2, were used as photoelectrodes. A comparative analysis of photovoltaic parameters for the top PSCs, the bottom crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells and PSC/c-Si tandem systems was performed. We have demonstrated that the application of very large-bandgap materials allows to improve the performance of the PSCs and to increase the efficiency of PSC/c-Si tandem solar cell under different illumination conditions. The performance of 4-terminal PSC/c-Si tandem solar cell at low irradiation level of 15 W/m2 has shown a 4-times increase in comparison with a standalone c-Si solar cell.
Advanced LED Solar Simulator: Flexible and Fast Characterisation Tool for Research and Industrialisation of Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Creators: name: Mette, B.
name: Mitchell, B.
name: Scherff, M.
name: Fuss-Kailuweit, P.
name: Korte, L.
name: Köhnen, E.
name: Mariotti, S.
name: Esefelder, S.
name: Brammer, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 490-495
description: Advanced LED solar simulators feature flexible and enduring light sources for various applications. The need for current matching of the series connected perovskite and silicon cells presents optimization challenges and tradeoffs for maximum power output. A flexible sun simulator combined with suitable equipment to measure cell characteristics is necessary in order to allow cell-preconditioning (light soaking) and continuous tracking of the maximum power point (MPP) during the characterization process. In this paper, we will demonstrate a routine to presoak and track the tandem cell current as well as a fast method to detect the current matching based on a spectrally sensitive characterization method. Besides the individual setting of single LED channels, the creation of nearly any user definded spectra for e.g. different solar altitudes or any spectral albedo is shown and hence offers the research of multiple junction cells - especially perovskite technology - an uncomplicated and fast characterization tool. A 1cm² bipolar perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell fabricated at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) was used for detailed investigations. A 4-step measurement cycle was recorded, starting with 15 min of light soaking, followed by an MPP tracking procedure to bring the cell to a stable working state for subsequent measurements and a 1-min forward and finally a 1-min reverse I-V curve. Hysteresis effects as well as time-dependent changes in the electrical behavior (degradation) of the cell were observed. Finally, spectrometric characterization was performed by varying certain wavelength ranges in the UV/VIS and NIR regions to determine the current matching point. Either due to the changing electrical properties of the cells over time or due to the layer structure not being spectrally matched to AM1.5g, no current matching point could be determined.
Growth and Structural Characterization of GaSb/GaAs Quantum Dots: Prospective Applications in Photovoltaic Cells
Creators: name: Ahia, C.C.
name: Meyer, E.L.
name: Tile, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
III-V and Related Compound Semiconductors

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 476-479
description: In an attempt to develop high quality GaSb quantum dots (QDs) on GaAs substrate for prospective application in optoelectronic device based on p-n junction, the results of cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) measurements, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) elemental mapping analysis and optical transitions of metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) grown GaSb QDs are presented in this study. Cold capping and growth interruption was found to be favorable for the epitaxial growth of densely populated GaSb QDs while simultaneously preserving the shape of the QDs after capping. The thermal activation (Ea) energy deduced for competing non-radiative processes in the capped samples using applicable deconvolution technique and least-squares fits is = 320.4 ± 1.2 meV. Results from the photoluminescence (PL) spectra shows a quick reduction in intensity of the higher energy wetting layer (WL) peaks at high temperatures compared with the peaks corresponding to QDs at lower energy which can be attributed to improved migration of holes from the WL to the QD at elevated temperature. The growth conditions adopted in this study are promising for the deposition of high quality stack of GaSb QDs, an essential characteristics needed for the development of high efficiency intermediate band solar cells (IBSCs).
Von "Wimmelbildern" und "Sammelsurien": Anspruchssenkung, Verinselung und Gremienvervielfältigung als Lösung von Ministerien bei ressortübergreifenden Digitalisierungsvorhaben
Creators: name: Kühl, Stefan
Publisher: name: Agora Digitale Transformation gGmbH
Year: 2024
Subjects: Digitalpolitik
Digitalisierung
Verwaltungsdigitalisierung
Gesetzgebung

description: "Die Digitalisierungspolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist in ihren verschiedenen Komponenten nur begrenzt das Ergebnis des politischen Entscheidungsprozesses, sondern vielmehr das Resultat der Struktur der Ministerialverwaltung."

Angesichts der Schwierigkeiten in der Umsetzung von staatlichen Digitalisierungsvorhaben dominiert in der Diskussion die Auffassung, dass es kein Erkenntnis-, sondern ein Umsetzungsproblem gibt. Man wüsste genau, so das Argument, wie das Zielbild einer staatlichen Digitalisierungspolitik aussehe, es mangele aber an Bereitschaft, dieses auch konsequent umzusetzen. Wir sind hier grundlegend anderer Meinung. Zwar stimmt es, dass man sich auf einer abstrakten Ebene auf die Stoßrichtung einer Digitalstrategie einigen kann, es fehlt aber an einer Analyse, weswegen es trotz eines vorhandenen politischen Willens ein Umsetzungsdefizit gibt. Insofern gibt es in Bezug auf die Umsetzung der Digitalisierungspolitik ein erhebliches Erkenntnisproblem.

 In unserer Analyse unterscheiden wir zwischen drei grundlegend verschiedenen Typen von Digitalisierungsvorhaben Digitalisierungsgesetzgebung, Digitalisierungsförderung und Verwaltungsdigitalisierung Während bei der Digitalisierungsgesetzgebung, die von anderen Querschnittsthemen bekannten Einigungsmechanismen der Anspruchsabsenkung wirken und die gemeinsamen Initiativen zur Digitalisierungsförderung sich nahezu ideal in verschiedene Ministeriumsreferate "verinseln" lassen, stoßen bei der Verwaltungsdigitalisierung die bewährten Mechanismen für eine ressortübergreifende Abstimmung an ihre Grenzen. Weil die Grundstruktur der Ministerien mit ihrer Ressorthoheit in Bezug auf interne Prozesse, die Aufteilung in Referate als Rückgrat der Ministerialverwaltung und die enge Abstimmung über die Hierarchieebenen als gesetzt betrachtet werden, wird im Feld der Verwaltungsdigitalisierung auf eine Vervielfältigung von Gremien gesetzt, die aber nur begrenzt dazu beiträgt, gemeinsame Standards zu etablieren. Das Scheitern vieler Maßnahmen der Verwaltungsdigitalisierung überlagert in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung die seit Jahren bewährte Vorgehensweise bei der Erarbeitung von Gesetzen und der Förderung von Projekten im Bereich der Digitalisierung.

Eine zusammenfassende Analyse auf der Basis der Auswertung von Artikeln, Studien und Interviews zur Digitalpolitik und einer Interviewserie in sieben Bundesministerien, dem Bundeskanzleramt und bundeseigenen Unternehmen im Auftrag der Agora Digitale Transformation.

Diese Studie ist im Rahmen des Projekts "Gelingensbedingungen der Digitalisierung in Bundesministerien" in Kooperation mit der Agora Digitale Transformation entstanden.
Semi-algebraic sets and equilibria of binary games
Creators: name: Vigeral, Guillaume
name: Viossat, Yannick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Any nonempty, compact, semi-algebraic set in [0, 1] n is the projection of the set of mixed equilibria of a finite game with 2 actions per player on its first n coordinates. A similar result follows for sets of equilibrium payoffs. The proofs are constructive and elementary.
Mechanically-Stacked and Electrically-Connected Two-Terminal Tandem Module
Creators: name: Nakamura, K.
name: Ohshita, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Tandems

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 480-482
description: We would like to propose a new configuration of tandem solar modules. It is a Mechanically-Stacked and Electrically-Connected two-terminal tandem module, that is to say, MSEC tandem module. The basic idea is very simple, just to connect the output terminals of the top and bottom modules of a mechanically-stacked four-terminal tandem module. Just by doing so, you can make high efficiency two-terminal tandem module easily and inexpensively. To validate this concept, a specific MSEC tandem module was designed and its electrical characteristics were calculated by SPICE simulation. The top module fabricated with 71 mm square III-V cells and the bottom module fabricated with 79 mm square Si cells are connected in series to form a MSEC 2-terminal tandem module, which allows the top and bottom currents to be matched. As a result, we were able to minimize the losses associated with the 2-terminal configuration and confirmed that the output power is almost the same as that of a 4-terminal tandem module.
Space-Time Reference with an Optical Link
Creators: name: Berceau, Paul
name: Taylor, Michael
name: Kahn, Joseph M.
name: Hollberg, Leo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a method for realizing a high-performance Space-Time Reference (STR) using a stable atomic clock in a precisely defined orbit and synchronizing the orbiting clock to high-accuracy atomic clocks on the ground. The synchronization would be accomplished using a two-way lasercom link between ground and space. The basic concept is to take advantage of the highest-performance cold-atom atomic clocks at national standards laboratories on the ground and to transfer that performance to an orbiting clock that has good stability and that serves as a "frequency-flywheel" over time-scales of a few hours. The two-way lasercom link would also provide precise range information and thus precise orbit determination (POD). With a well-defined orbit and a synchronized clock, the satellite cold serve as a high-accuracy Space-Time Reference, providing precise time worldwide, a valuable reference frame for geodesy, and independent high-accuracy measurements of GNSS clocks. With reasonable assumptions, a practical system would be able to deliver picosecond timing worldwide and millimeter orbit determination.
A Study of Ag Paste Contacts on Various TCO Layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Modules
Creators: name: Sesli, B.
name: Carolus, J.
name: D´Haen, J.
name: Reenaers, D.
name: Gevaerts, V.S.
name: Sente, S.
name: Meuris, M.
name: Daenen, M.
name: Vermang, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Films

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 467-470
description: The power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) cells on lab-scale are approaching c-Si cells. The module efficiencies, on the other hand, are considerably lower.[1], [2] Large-area modules show reduced fill factors and power conversion efficiencies. This so-called cell to module efficiency gap exists for all PV technologies. However, the difference in efficiency for CIGS cells modules is considerably higher than for the more mature Si-technology. This efficiency gap is mainly ascribed to the laterally spread electric defects due to non-uniformities in the materials' properties and the longer current paths over the larger area.[3]
PV Cell for Varied Angle Performance Under Indoor Lighting Simulator
Creators: name: Long, Y.-S.
name: Tsai, M.-A.
name: Wu, T.-C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
Organic and Dye-Sensitised

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 471-475
description: In our study, we used RTOS method for I-V then the results showed better accuracy by eliminating in real time the acceptance effect. We also used this method to compare PV cells with the latter cells exhibited promising power conversion efficiency and no hysteresis behavior for varied angle under indoor lighting simulator. In this study, we measured a varied angle of the PV cell performance will be show different performance trend in indoor lighting application, which depends on device. That’s will be shown PV cell have the energy harvesting for varied angle in indoor lighting.
Assessment of Balanced Scorecard Implementation Practice and its Challenges on Procurement Department in Ethio Telecom
Creators: name: Mekonnen, Wubeamlak
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: The purpose of this study is to assess Balanced Scorecard implementation Practice and its chal- lenges on Procurement department in Ethio telecom. Both qualitative and quantitative approach- es are employed. The data are gathered from employees of sourcing/procurement department in ethio telecom through survey questionnaires and 73 questionnaires were circulated all of them were received and analyzed using descriptive statistical tools like Mean, standard deviations and frequencies. Software called Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the data analysis. The study identified major bottleneck for implementation of BSC on procurement de- partment in ethio telecom are Balance Scorecard measurement implementation data sources are not clearly stated, BSC evaluation system was not user friendly, Performance progress was not monitored periodically before formal evaluation, boss influence on evaluation was reduced, evaluation was not performed always based on plan, and lack of technical skill on balanced scorecard. Finally, the thesis concludes by proposing recommendations to management in order to use different methods in solving challenges faced in balanced score card(BSC) implementa- tion on procurement department such as facilitating the accomplishment of BSC goals ,elaborating and expounding key areas of BSC to the staff, supervising the implementation pro- cess, providing clarification, assessing achievement of lower level employees, clearly state measurement data source and validated by authorized body, execute evaluation always based on plan without boss influence on the result obtained, open and transparent communication, enlight- ening staff on the importance of procurement planning and BSC to fulfil company's strategies, coordination between top management and low level management and acting as source of infor- mation
Overlooked wide companions of nearby F stars
Creators: name: Scholz, Ralf-Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AIMS: We checked a sample of 545 F stars within 50 pc for wide companions using existing near-infrared and optical sky surveys. METHODS: Applying the common proper motion (CPM) criterion, we detected wide companion candidates with 6-120 arcsec angular separations by visual inspection of multi-epoch finder charts and by searching in proper motion catalogues. Final proper motions were measured by involving positional measurements from up to eleven surveys. Spectral types of red CPM companions were estimated from their absolute $J$-band magnitudes based on the Hipparcos distances of the primaries. RESULTS: In addition to about 100 known CPM objects, we found 19 new CPM companions and confirmed 31 previously known candidates. A few CPM objects are still considered as candidates according to their level of proper motion agreement. Among the new objects there are nine M0-M4, eight M5-M6, one $\approx$L3.5 dwarf (HD 3861B), and one white dwarf (WD) (HD 2726B), whereas we confirmed two K, 19 M0-M4, six M5-M6, two early-L dwarfs, and two DA WDs as CPM companions. In a few cases, previous spectral types were available that all agree well with our estimates. Two companions (HD 22879B and HD 49933B) are associated with moderately metal-poor Gaia benchmark stars. One doubtful CPM companion, spectroscopically classified as WD but found to be very bright ($J$$=$11.1) by others, should either be a very nearby foreground WD or a different kind of object associated with HD 165670.
description: Research Note accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 8 pages (incl. Appendices and 3 figures)
Cadmium Sulfide Thickness Reduction in CIGS Solar Cells by Application of ALD-Zinc Magnesium Oxide
Creators: name: Bagrowski, D.
name: Spiering, S.
name: Schnabel, T.
name: Becker, J.-P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Films

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 462-466
description: We investigated the potential of reducing the thickness of solution grown CdS buffer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2–based solar cells by substitution of the adjacent radio frequency sputtered i-ZnO high resistive layer with an atomic layer deposited Zn1-xMgxO layer. Typically, the standard CdS thickness is about 50 nm combined with a 50-80 nm sputtered i-ZnO layer. Former investigations showed a significant decrease of the device performance by reducing the CdS thickness below 30 nm. We deposited the Zn1-xMgxO layer in a standard thermal as well as in a plasma-assisted mode. We compared both processes by varying the Zn/Mg-pulse ratios and the layer thicknesses. We realized best results with a reduced CdS thickness down to 5 nm when combined with 10-30 nm Zn1-xMgxO with 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 without efficiency loss compared to reference cell with standard CdS thickness. The cells showed no or very low cold light soak (CLS) effect. A maximum cell efficiency of 18.5 % (VOC = 727 mV, FF = 78.0 %, JSC = 32.7 mA/cm², 10 min CLS) could be achieved comparable to reference cells of 18.6 % efficiency (VOC = 741 mV, FF = 79.9 %, JSC = 31.4 mA/cm²).
Site-specific $^{13}$C NMR study on locally distorted triangular lattice of organic conductor $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu$_2$(CN)$_3$
Creators: name: Saito, Y.
name: Minamidate, T.
name: Kawamoto, A.
name: Matsunaga, N.
name: Nomura, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To verify the effect of geometrical frustration, we artificially distort the triangular lattice of quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu$_2$(CN)$_3$ [BEDT-TTF: bis(ethylenedithio)terathiofulvalene] by analogous-molecular substitution and apply $^{13}$C NMR of bulk and substituted sites, electric conductivity, and static magnetic susceptibility measurements. The results indicate that the magnetic characteristics of the substituted sample are quantitatively similar to those of the pure sample. Moreover the magnetic characteristics at the substituted sites are also the same as in the bulk. These results suggest that the observed magnetic properties may not be due to the geometrical frustration but the importance of disorder.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures
Faraday rotation constraints on large scale Halo model
Creators: name: Fitoussi, Thomas
name: Medina-Tanco, Gustavo
name: D’Olivo, Juan-Carlos
Publisher: name: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)
Year: 2022

description: The global structure of the magnetic field inside the disk of our Galaxy is reasonably well described by dynamo action and constrained by Faraday rotation measurements. The Halo, on the other hand, is much more of an enigma. Other face-on spiral galaxies show spiral magnetic structures in their disk, like the Milky Way, showing that our magnetic field is a fairly typical feature of this class of galaxies. Furthermore, RM-synthesis of CHANGE-ES observations shows an increasing number of edge-on spiral galaxies exhibiting X-shaped structures surrounding the disk and extending orderly to distances of up to tens of kpc. Although the 3-dimensional topology of those magnetized halos and their physical nature is still unclear, they hint to the strong possibility that our galaxy also has a large and well organized magnetized Halo. The possible existence of an extended and topologically well organized magnetic field in the Halo has not been studied for the Milky Way. Specifically, the models in current use only take into account the Disk field, supplemented by a component that extends very little beyond the plane and decays rapidly with height. In this work, conceptually motivated by the possible existence of a Parker-type galactic outflow, we propose a simple Archimedean-like field, for an extended Halo magnetic field. We add this component to a simple disk magnetic field, in order to model the Faraday rotation signal of extragalactic sources as observed on Earth, for two different free electron density profiles, and compare the results with published maps of Faraday rotations measurements. We show that an extended magnetic field in the Halo is not only compatible with the observed Faraday rotations, but is actually favored by them.
Alteration of PV Cell Parameters via n-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots Incorporation on Solution-Processed CIGS Thin Film-Based Photovoltaic Cells
Creators: name: Khan, F.
name: Kim, J.H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2021
Subjects: Perovskites and Other Non-Silicon Materials and Devices, Multijunctions/Tandems
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Films

description: 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 458-461
description: Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)-based photovoltaic (PV) cells have been considered a renowned candidate for thin-film-based PV technology because CIGS materials offer a high absorption coefficient and tunable bandgap. Only a few microns CIGS absorbing layer is sufficient to absorb more than 95% of the suitable range of solar radiations. Nevertheless, due to the parasitic absorption of the short-wavelength () in the top layers, its high efficiency is severely hampered. N-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) are employed as luminescent photon downshifting (LDS) material. Moreover, poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is used as a polymer matrix to enhance the chemical and mechanical stability of NGQDs. However, the polymer matrix creates photoluminescence (PL) quenching. Here, the NGQDs/PMMA LDS layer is employed on to CIGS solar cell. The short circuit current density is enhanced by 3.40% relative to the control cell (34.44 mA/cm2). However, a slight improvement (0.68%) in the open-circuit voltage is observed. The overall enhancement in the power conversion efficiency is ~4.50%. Furthermore, the PV cell parameters are analytically predicted. The photogenerated current density, shunt resistance, series resistance, diode ideality factor, and reverse saturation current density are changed by 3.43%, 18.34%, 22.01%, -5.47%, and -51.92%, respectively.