title: Ð Ð°Ð´Ð¸Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐµÐº
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Radiation effects from superpowerful cosmic flares
Creators: name: Ð Ð¾Ð¶Ð´ÐµÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ð½Ð°, Ð Ð¾Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2020
Subjects: ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ Ð¸Ð·Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð°ÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ¼Ð»Ð¸
ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð³ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¸Ð·Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð¿Ñ
ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð»ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ 14C
Ð°ÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÐºÐ°ÑÐºÐ°Ð´Ñ
ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÐÐ¸ÑÐºÐµ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑÑÑ
ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐ¸ÑÐºÐ¸
Ñosmic radiation
Earthâs atmosphere
cosmogenic isotopes
radiocarbon 14C
atmospheric cascade
Miyake events
modulated spectrum
risks of radiation

description: ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐµÐº. Ð Ð°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð»ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°. ÐÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ¸Ñ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð³Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑ Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð³ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð»ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð² Ð°ÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÑÐµ ÐÐµÐ¼Ð»Ð¸ Ð² Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð½Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸. ÐÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÐºÐ°ÑÐºÐ°Ð´Ñ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ ÐÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµ-ÐÐ°ÑÐ»Ð¾ Ñ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼. ÐÐ¾Ð´ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐÐ°ÑÐºÐµÑÐ°. Ð Ð°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð»Ð°ÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð² Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸, Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð½Ð° Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»ÑÑ. ÐÑÐ¸Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð° ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ° ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸Ð·Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð¼. ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÑÐ½ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ ÐÐ¸ÑÐºÐµ, Ð²ÑÐ±ÑÐ°Ð½Ð° Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð³Ð¸Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐµÐ·Ð° Ð¾Ð± Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐµ ÐºÑÐ°ÑÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÑÐ²Ð° ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð³ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð»ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð² Ð°ÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÑÐµ. Ð¡Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ° Ð²ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð° ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð³ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð»ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð² Ð°ÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÑÐµ. ÐÐ¾Ð´ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð³Ð°Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸Ð·Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ.
description: This work is devoted to the study of radiation effects from superpowerful cosmic flares. The application of the method of radiocarbon analysis is considered. The yield function and the global production rate of cosmogenic radiocarbon in the Earthâs atmosphere are calculated depending on the level of solar activity. Atmospheric cascades were simulated by the Monte Carlo numerical model using special software packages. Modulated spectra were obtained based on the solution of the Parker transport equation. The agreement of the obtained results with earlier calculations based on other models is considered. A detailed scheme of indirect estimation of variations in the flux of cosmic radiation in the past is given. The analysis of Miyakeâs events was carried out, the most reliable hypothesis about the source of short-term increases in the amount of cosmogenic radiocarbon in the atmosphere was chosen. The contribution of energetic solar particles to the formation of cosmogenic radiocarbon in the atmosphere is estimated. The radiation effects from the galactic and solar components of cosmic radiation are calculated.