Cacama pygmaea Sanborn, Heath, Phillips & Heath, 2011, sp. n.
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
name: Phillips, Polly K.
name: Heath, James E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Cacama
Cacama pygmaea

description: Cacama pygmaea sp. n. Sanborn
(Fig. 1)
Etymology. The species is named for the dwarfish size of the species in comparison to its cogeners.
Type series. Holotype male: “ MÉXICO: Puebla / San Nicolas Bravo / 31–III–1992 / E. Barrera C. Mayorga” (UNAM). Paratypes: one female, Acultzingo, 3 mi. W, Ver. Mexico, 5.iv.1954, D.H. Janzen collector (EMEC), one male, same data with additional label Cacama maura, Det. M.A. Kolner (EMEC); one male, Tehuecan, Puebla, Mexico, 12.iii.1953, D.H. Janzen Collector (EMEC).
Description (Fig. 1). Coloration. Ground color black marked with castaneous and tawny (Fig. 1 A).
Head (Fig. 1 B). Head 0.88–0.95 as wide as mesonotum. Black except tawny crescent-shaped mark from lateral ocellus to posterior margin of head to level of prothoracic paramedian fissure, a medial tawny spot on posterior epicranial suture but absent in male paratype, and tawny middle third of supra-antennal plate which is reduced in female paratype. Long golden pile on head dorsum, long silvery pile posterior to eye. Gena black medially, castaneous ventrolaterally, and tawny along margin with lorum. Lorum black with tawny anterior margin. Head ventrally covered with long white pile. Postclypeus black dorsally with tawny medial elongate spot past apex. Ventral side of postclypeus centrally black, laterally castaneous with tawny lateral margin and white pubescence. Anteclypeus castaneous with black margin and tawny medial T-shaped mark at junction with postclypeus. Postclypeus and anteclypeus covered with long white pile. Rostrum castaneous medially, tawny laterally with piceous tip reaching to middle of opercular overlap in males and to the first abdominal segment in females.
Thorax (Fig. 1 B). Pronotum black, disc castaneous between sutures. Small dark tawny spot on either side of posterior midline and tawny mark on lateral disc, ambient fissure extending onto lateral pronotal collar and terminating before reaching posterior margin of collar, mark on lateral disc in male paratype extending just posterior to ambient fissure. Female paratype with dark tawny, linear mark on either side of central midline, the anterior curving laterally as it terminates. Pronotum covered with fine golden and long silvery pile. Mesonotum black. Tawny marks on anterior parapsidal suture, extending around submedian sigilla infemale paratype, and a pair of parallel linear marks proximad of apices of anterior arms of cruciform elevation. Cruciform elevation tawny with black midline, anterior margin, and marks across anterior and posterior arms that connect across the lateral cruciform elevation, lateral part tawny in female paratype and castaneous in male paratype rather than marked with black. Wing groove margin castaneous, black in male paratype. Mesonotum with fine golden pile dorsally and longer silvery pile posteriorly, laterally, and in depressions of cruciform elevation. Lateral sides of mesonotum with dense, short, silvery pile. Ventral parts of thorax ochraceous covered with thick, white, waxy pubescence and long silvery and short golden pile. Anepisternum, katepisternum, katepimeron and episternum 3 marked with black. Basisternum 2, episternum 2, trochantin 2, meron 2, basisternum 3, and trochantin 3, marked with castaneous.
Legs. Castaneous marked with ochraceous and black. Coxae with ochraceous stripes; distal annulus, middle and hind coxae medially black. Proximal trochanters ochraceous. Femora with ochraceous distal annulus. Spines along underside of fore femur black with long silvery pile, primary spine angled, secondary spine upright. Tibiae ochraceous proximally, fore tibia castaneous with ochraceous mark proximally, middle tibia tawny with ochraceous and castaneous annuli proximally and castaneous annulus distally, hind tibia ochraceous with distal castaneous annulus. Tibial spurs castaneous. Tarsi dark castaneous. Claws black proximally with castaneous tips.
Forewings and hind wings (Fig. 1 A). Forewing hyaline with eight apical cells, light infuscation on radial and radiomedial crossveins. Basal portion of clavus black. Basal cell with anterior half tawny. Proximal clavus marked with fuscous and tawny. Venation tawny proximally, lightening to ochraceous past node to ambient vein. Costal margin tawny, radius and subcostal vein black to node, subcostal vein black. Forewing base black, membrane gray. Hind wings hyaline with five apical cells. Venation black but castaneous at base. Proximal part of cubital cells 1 and 2 black. Anal cell 3, proximal part of anal cell 2, anal cell 2 along anal vein 3, anal cell 1 and 2 along anal vein 2, medial cell posterior to median vein gray. Anal cell 3 gray at base.
Operculum (Figs. 1 D and 1E). Male operculum black reaching to posterior margin of sternite II. Medial borders overlap, posterior border rounded, greatest posterior extension in middle. Female operculum ochraceous with black spot on lateral base. Lateral margin curved at base then straight to posterior margin reaching to middle of sternite I, posterior border sinuate, medial border angled reaching to meracanthus. Operculum covered with fine golden pile and white, waxy pubescence on laterobasal part. Meracanthus ochraceous with black base.
Abdomen (Figs. 1 A and 1C). Dorsal side of abdomen black except castaneous anterior part of tergite 8 in males and mostly castaneous tergite 8 in the female paratype. Timbal cover black to castaneous, completely concealing timbal. Dorsal surface with fine golden pile and sparse long golden pile, thicker golden pile laterally. White, waxy pubescence transversely across tergite 8. Sternites dark castaneous with black posterior margin in males, female paratype lacks black marking. Epipleurites black, centrally dark tawny in male paratypes, dark castaneous and black laterally in female paratype. White pruinose wax on lateral sternite II and epipleurites 3–5. Ventral surface with sparse, long, silvery pile.
Male genitalia (Figs. 1 F and 1G). Pygofer castaneous with black outer margin. Dorsal beak about as long as anal styles. Pygofer basal lobes absent. Medial uncus lobe short, slightly curved ventrally at apex with small terminal notch, lateral uncus lobe fusing with median uncus lobe at about half median uncus lobe length, sinuate in lateral view. Aedeagus castaneous.
Female genitalia (Figs. 1 H and 1I). Abdominal segment 9 black, dark tawny along dorsal midline and transversely across segment to anterolateral margin, ochraceous longitudinal mark on anterior either side of lateral margin. Sparse, long golden pile radiating from entire segment. Dorsal beak black. Sternite VII dark tawny with castaneous midline and castaneous spot on either side of midline, posterior margin with median notch. Ovipositor castaneous except black gonopophysis IX and X and ovipositor sheath. Ovipositor sheath extends to level of anal styles.
Measurements (mm). N = 4, 3 males; 1 female, mean (range). Length of body: males 18.5 (17.4–19.5), female 16.8; length of forewing: males 22.5 (21.2–24.0), female 23.1; width of forewing: males 7.7 (7.3–8.2), female 7.3; length of head: males 3.0 (2.9–3.0), female 3.0; width of head including eyes: males 6.5 (6.2–7.0), female 6.5; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: males 8.3 (8.2–8.4), female 8.2; width of mesonotum: males 6.9 (6.5–7.2), female 6.5.
Diagnosis. Cacama pygmaea sp. n. can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by its small size. It is the only known species of Cacama with a male body length less than 20 mm (range 17.4–19.5 mm) and a female body length less than 17 mm (16.8 mm). The two closest species in size are C. crepitans (males 20.0– 22.8 mm, females 20.4–22.2 mm) and C. maura (males 22.7–25.3 mm, females 19.5–23.1 mm). Cacama crepitans can be separated by the red or orange at the base of the forewings and hind wings. Cacama maura can be separated by the completely opaque basal cell of its forewing.
Biological note. Specimens of C. pygmaea sp. n. are known to emerge between mid-March and early April.
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F., Heath, Maxine S., Phillips, Polly K. & Heath, James E., 2011, The genus Cacama Distant, 1904 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with the description of three new species, pp. 35-50 in Zootaxa 2897 on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.208039