cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Habit formation and the pareto-efficient provision of public goods
Creators: name: Aronsson, Thomas
name: Schöb, Ronnie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: habit formation
subject: public goods
subject: pareto-efficient provision
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: This paper examines the implications of habit formation in private and public goods consumption for the Pareto-efficient provision of public goods, based on a two-period model with nonlinear taxation. Under weak leisure separability, and if the public good is a flow-variable such that the government directly decides on the level of the public good in each period, habit formation leads to a modification of the policy rule for public good provision if, and only if, the degrees of habituation differ for private and public good consumption. By contrast, if the public good supply is time-invariant, the presence of habit formation generally alters the policy rule for public good provision.
Exact Reconstruction Formula for the Spherical Mean Radon Transform on Ellipsoids
Creators: name: Haltmeier, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Many modern imaging and remote sensing applications require reconstructing a function from spherical averages (mean values). Examples include photoacoustic tomography, ultrasound imaging or SONAR. Several formulas of the back-projection type for recovering a function in $n$ spatial dimensions from mean values over spheres centered on a sphere have been derived in [D. Finch, S. K. Patch, and Rakesh, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 35(5), pp. 1213--1240, 2004] for odd spatial dimension and in [D. Finch, M. Haltmeier, and Rakesh, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 68(2), pp. 392--412, 2007] for even spatial dimension. In this paper we generalize some of these formulas to the case where the centers of integration lie on the boundary of an arbitrary ellipsoid. For the special cases $n=2$ and $n=3$ our results have recently been established in [Y. Salman, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 2014, in press]. For the higher dimensional case $n > 3$ we establish proof techniques extending the ones in the above references. Back-projection type inversion formulas for recovering a function from spherical means with centers on an ellipsoid have first been derived in [F. Natterer, Inverse Probl. Imaging 6(2), pp. 315--320, 2012] for $n=3$ and in [V. Palamodov, Inverse Probl. 28(6), 065014, 2012] for arbitrary dimension. The results of Natterer have later been generalized to arbitrary dimension in [M. Haltmeier, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 46(1), pp. 214--232, 2014]. Note that these formulas are different from the ones derived in the present paper.
description: 13 pages
The role of physical and numerical viscosity in hydrodynamical instabilities
Creators: name: Marin-Gilabert, Tirso
name: Valentini, Milena
name: Steinwandel, Ulrich P.
name: Dolag, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability (KHI) is widely used to assess the performance of numerical methods. We employ this instability to test both the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and the meshless finite mass (MFM) implementation in OpenGadget3. We quantify the accuracy of SPH and MFM in reproducing the linear growth of the KHI with different numerical and physical set-ups. Among them, we consider: $i)$ numerical induced viscosity, and $ii)$ physically motivated, Braginskii viscosity, and compare their effect on the growth of the KHI. We find that the changes of the inferred numerical viscosity when varying nuisance parameters such as the set-up or the number of neighbours in our SPH code are comparable to the differences obtained when using different hydrodynamical solvers, i.e. MFM. SPH reproduces the expected reduction of the growth rate in the presence of physical viscosity and recovers well the threshold level of physical viscosity needed to fully suppress the instability. In the case of galaxy clusters with a virial temperature of $3\times10^7$ K, this level corresponds to a suppression factor of $\approx10^{-3}$ of the classical Braginskii value. The intrinsic, numerical viscosity of our SPH implementation in such an environment is inferred to be at least an order of magnitude smaller (i.e. $\approx10^ {-4}$), re-ensuring that modern SPH methods are suitable to study the effect of physical viscosity in galaxy clusters.
description: 22 pages, 22 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Quark Wigner Distributions and Orbital Angular Momentum in Light-front Dressed Quark Model
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Asmita
name: Nair, Sreeraj
name: Ojha, Vikash Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the Wigner functions for a quark target dressed with a gluon. These give a combined position and momentum space information of the quark distributions and are related to both generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs). We calculate and compare the different definitions of quark orbital angular momentum in this model. We compare our results with other model calculations.
description: Version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
How Non-Majoritarian Institutions Make Silent Majorities Vocal: A Political Explanation of Authoritarian Populism
Creators: name: Zürn, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: anti-liberal forces
subject: authoritarian populism
subject: non-majoritarian institutions
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Why did we witness such a strong growth of anti-liberal forces twenty-five years after the triumph of liberalism? The answer is twofold. First, authoritarian populism has not sneaked into a given political space but is co-constitutive of a new cleavage in most modern societies. Authoritarian populists speak to the issues of this cleavage. Second, the rise of this new cleavage and authoritarian populists cannot be reduced to one of the two well-known explanations, namely the economic insecurity perspective and cultural backlash perspective. This current paper develops a political explanation that integrates struggles over policies with a focus on endogenous dynamics of political institutions in and beyond democracies. In this account, it is the historical compromise between labor and capital that has triggered a dynamic in which the rise of so-called non-majoritarian institutions (NMIs)—such as central banks, constitutional courts, and international organizations (IOs)—have locked in liberal policies in most consolidated democracies. This explanation brings together the party cartelization thesis with the observation that NMIs are a major target of contemporary populism. The explanatory model is probed by translating it into descriptive propositions and by showing step by step how the sequence unfolded in electoral democracies.
Annual Administrative Report of the State Geologist for the Year 1910
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: MacCrellish and Quigly, Printers : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), New Jersey Geological Survey
Year: 1911

description: This administrative report summarizes the work of the New Jersey Geological Survey for the year of 1910. Information reported includes financial data, projects worked on, publications, meetings, and land surveying.
Tunable low-temperature dissipation scenarios in palladium nanomechanical resonators
Creators: name: Rebari, S.
name: Kumar, Shelender
name: Indrajeet, S.
name: Kumar, Abhishek
name: Pal, Satyendra P.
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Venkatesan, A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: MECHANICAL RESONATOR; TUNNELING MODEL; 2-LEVEL SYSTEMS; GROUND-STATE; GLASSES; FRICTION; MOTION;
subject: 530 Physik

description: We study dissipation in palladium (Pd) nanomechanical resonators at low temperatures in the linear response regime. Metallic resonators have shown characteristic features of dissipation due to tunneling two-level systems (TLS). The system described here offers a unique tunability of the dissipation scenario by adsorbing hydrogen (H-2), which induces a compressive stress. The intrinsic stress is expected to alter TLS behavior. We find a sublinear similar to T-0.4 dependence of dissipation in a limited temperature regime. As seen in TLS dissipation scenarios, we find a logarithmic increase of frequency from the lowest temperatures till a characteristic temperature T-co is reached. In samples without H-2, T-co similar to 1K was seen, whereas with H-2 it is clearly reduced to similar to 700 mK. Based on standard TLS phenomena, we attribute this to enhanced phonon-TLS coupling in samples with compressive strain. We also find that with H-2 there is a saturation in low-temperature dissipation, which may possibly be due to super-radiant interaction between TLS and phonons. We discuss the data in the scope of TLS phenomena and similar data for other systems.
On the properties of Alfvénic switchbacks in the expanding solar wind: the influence of the Parker spiral
Creators: name: Squire, Jonathan
name: Johnston, Zade
name: Mallet, Alfred
name: Meyrand, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Switchbacks -- rapid, large deflections of the solar wind's magnetic field -- have generated significant interest as possible signatures of the key mechanisms that heat the corona and accelerate the solar wind. In this context, an important task for theories of switchback formation and evolution is to understand their observable distinguishing features, allowing them to be assessed in detail using spacecraft data. Here, we work towards this goal by studying the influence of the Parker spiral on the evolution of Alfvénic switchbacks in an expanding plasma. Using simple analytic arguments based on the physics of one-dimensional spherically polarized (constant-field-magnitude) Alfvén waves, we find that, by controlling the wave's obliquity, a Parker spiral strongly impacts switchback properties. Surprisingly, the Parker spiral can significantly enhance switchback formation, despite normalized wave amplitudes growing more slowly in its presence. In addition, switchbacks become strongly asymmetric: large switchbacks preferentially involve magnetic-field rotation in the plane of the Parker spiral (tangential deflections) rather than perpendicular (normal) rotations, and such deflections are strongly "tangentially skewed," meaning switchbacks always involve field rotations in the same direction (towards the positive-radial direction for an outwards mean field). In a companion paper, we show that these properties also occur in turbulent 3-D fields with switchbacks, with various caveats. These results demonstrate that substantial care is needed in assuming that specific features of switchbacks can be used to infer properties of the low corona; asymmetries and nontrivial correlations can develop as switchbacks propagate due to the interplay between expansion and spherically polarized, divergence-free magnetic fields.
Stonewall50.pdf
Creators: name: Salerno, Daniele
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cultural studies not elsewhere classified
Culture, representation and identity

description: Pride marches and parades are public events that take place globally every year. Born in the wake of the 1969 LGBTQI riots against the police in New York (so-called “Stonewall riotsµ), 2019 is for Pride an important commemorative moment and an opportunity for reflection. This paper deals with Pride marches and parades as discursive genre, addressing two fundamental questions: what does «Pride» mean today, fifty years after the Stonewall riots? What do people do with «Pride»? By analyzing three 2019 Pride events (in Bologna in Italy, New York and Madrid), the paper describes different ways of organizing and staging Pride events with different meaning effects. In particular, the article will focus on the dichotomy between the parade format and the march format. These two formats (also with their articulation within a same Pride event) show different ways to manage internal differences, conflicts, contingency as well as the relationship with non-LGBTQI subjectivities. The analysis will provide empirical elements for reflecting on the exceptional global success of this event, on the emergence in marches and parades of nationalist, racist and even homotransphobic acts/slogans and on the (intersectional) use of the Pride format in non-LGBTQI activism (but also its appropriation by openly racist groups).
Gender diversity and team performance under time pressure: The role of team withdrawal and information elaboration
Creators: name: Kearney, Eric
name: Razinskas, Stefan
name: Weiss, Matthias
name: Hoegl, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: gender diversity
subject: information elaboration
subject: perceived time pressure
subject: team performance
subject: team withdrawal
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: Findings in the extant literature are mixed concerning when and how gender diversity benefits team performance. We develop and test a model that posits that gender-diverse teams outperform gender-homogeneous teams when perceived time pressure is low, whereas the opposite is the case when perceived time pressure is high. Drawing on the categorization-elaboration model (CEM; van Knippenberg, De Dreu, & Homan, 2004), we begin with the assumption that information elaboration is the process whereby gender diversity fosters positive effects on team performance. However, also in line with the CEM, we argue that this process can be disrupted by adverse team dynamics. Specifically, we argue that as time pressure increases, higher gender diversity leads to more team withdrawal, which, in turn, moderates the positive indirect effect of gender diversity on team performance via information elaboration such that this effect becomes weaker as team withdrawal increases. In an experimental study of 142 four-person teams, we found support for this model that explains why perceived time pressure affects the performance of gender-diverse teams more negatively than that of gender-homogeneous teams. Our study sheds new light on when and how gender diversity can become either an asset or a liability for team performance.
2003 Ozone Summary
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Bureau of Air Monitoring
Year: 2003

description: This report is a summary of the New Jersey air quality monitoring data for 2003. It discusses the nature and sources of ozone, the ambient air quality standards for ozone, ozone network, design values, how changes to the ozone standards affect air quality ratings, major ozone episodes of 2003, summaries of 2003 ozone data relative to the 1-hour standard and the 8-hour standard, accounting for the influence of weather, ozone non-attainment areas in NJ, and ozone trends.
Development of Wetland Quality and Function Assessment Tools and Demonstration
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Rutgers University; New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)
Year: 2004

description: The specific goal of this study is to enhance the state's ability to identify indicators for wetland value and function. To this end, the study focuses on a suite of rapid assessment tools designed to evaluate wetland quality and function that could be readily implemented in the field.
High Ground, Winter 2003/2004
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Association of New Jersey Environmental Coalitions (ANJEC)
Year: 2003

description: High Ground is the quarterly newsletter of the Highlands Coalition. This issue features: Task Force Begins Important Work to Protect NJ Highlands, Manalapan Decision Reversed, November 4 Open Space Ballot Questions Provide Wins for the Highlands, NJ Farmland/Forest Tax Policy Changes Sought, Upgraded Protection for NJ Threatened and Endangered (T-E) Species, and regular features Threats, Cheers and Jeers, and Gaining Ground.
Watershed Focus Newsletter, Summer 2003
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Division of Watershed Management
Year: 2003

description: The Watershed Focus Newsletter, which is published by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection's Division of Watershed Management, concentrates on watershed management, stormwater and nonpoint source pollution management issues in New Jersey. The Summer 2003 issue features the following articles: From the Director's Desk - New direction for Watershed Management; Raritan River Gets Watershed Initiative Grant - EPA funds for restoration and outreach; Use Pesticides Sparingly - DEP asks residents to limit pesticide use; Watershed Ambassadors Clean-up on National Youth Service Day - Three community projects across the state; Hooked on Fishing - Newark Bay youths learn about local waters; Water Enforcement Teams - DEP enforcement inspections from the water; NJ's First Volunteer Monitoring Summit - Save the date; DEP Honors Environmental Leaders - Environmental Excellence Awards honor Whippany River Action Committee; NPS Proposals Due - Projects for Water Quality Improvement.
Needle: a fast and space-efficient prefilter for estimating the quantification of very large collections of expression experiments
Creators: name: Darvish, Mitra
name: Seiler, Enrico
name: Mehringer, Svenja
name: Rahn, Rene
name: Reinert, Knut
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: bioinformatics
subject: sequencing data
subject: quantification
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: Motivation The ever-growing size of sequencing data is a major bottleneck in bioinformatics as the advances of hardware development cannot keep up with the data growth. Therefore, an enormous amount of data is collected but rarely ever reused, because it is nearly impossible to find meaningful experiments in the stream of raw data. Results As a solution, we propose Needle, a fast and space-efficient index which can be built for thousands of experiments in <2 h and can estimate the quantification of a transcript in these experiments in seconds, thereby outperforming its competitors. The basic idea of the Needle index is to create multiple interleaved Bloom filters that each store a set of representative k-mers depending on their multiplicity in the raw data. This is then used to quantify the query.
Southern New England-New York Bight Coastal Ecosystems Program Fact Sheet
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southern New England - New York Bight Coastal Ecosystems Program
Year: 2002

description: This is a fact sheet of the Southern New England-New York Bight Coastal Ecosystems Program, which identifies important fish, wildlife and plant populations as well as significant habitats requiring immediate and long-term attention. The program area ranges from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to Cape May, New Jersey, and includes the New York City metropolitan area, providing essential habitat for many commercially and recreationally valuable freshwater, coastal, and marine fish and invertebrates. This fact sheet describes how the program seeks opportunities to protect, enhance and restore priority habitat areas and species populations throughout the program area. The Program office has conducted other studies and similar ecosystem-scale assessments (e.g. the Northeast Coastal Areas Study and the Significant Habitats and Habitat Complexes of the New York Bight Watershed), to identify restoration opportunities and recommend specific actions to protect and conserve federal trust species and their regionally significant habitats.
Lithogenesis of a phosphatized tephra marker horizon in the Eocene Messel maar lake
Creators: name: Liesegang, Moritz
name: Wuttke, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Messel
subject: Eocene
subject: Maar lake
subject: Mantienneite
subject: Tephra
subject: Phosphatization
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The bituminous black pelite of the Messel UNESCO world heritage site is an exceptional palaeobiological archive from the Middle Eocene greenhouse climate. The pronounced homogeneity of the annually laminated pelite through a time interval of 640 kyr complicates the relative stratigraphic classification of fossil remains and is, thus, largely dependent on particular marker horizons within the uniform sedimentary column. We analyzed the most prominent marker horizon M using petrographic microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and electron probe microanalyses to identify and characterize its structure and phosphate-dominated mineralogy. Based on our analytical data, we suggest that this phosphatic marker horizon resulted from the exceptional combination of external tephra enclosed in bacteria and algae-rich layers, producing a coupled phosphorus and cation diffusion during diagenesis. Mantienneite (KMg2Al2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 • 15H2O) is documented for the first time in the Messel fossil deposit. The diagenetic succession of messelite, montgomeryite, and mantienneite precipitation reflects the internal heterogeneities in primary mineral composition of an ash layer. Kerogen maturation and hydrocarbon migration produced acidic, reducing pore fluids with high P concentration, which enhanced the mobility of Al and Ti. The mantienneite-forming reaction marks the change from a regime of reducing to oxidizing conditions. With the deposition and diagenesis of the marker horizon M, a singular event is preserved in a sedimentary sequence otherwise regarded as largely uniform over a time span of about 640 kyr.
Thermodynamics of hairy accelerating black holes in gauged supergravity and beyond
Creators: name: Wang, Yi
name: Ren, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamics of accelerating asymptotically AdS black holes with scalar hair in four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theories, which can be embedded in gauged supergravities for specific dilaton coupling constants. These accelerating black holes are described by charged dilaton C metrics, which have unique features but are almost unexplored before. Thermodynamics of slowly accelerating black holes is generalized to include scalar hair. We find that properly accounting for mixed boundary conditions for the scalar field leads to standard consistent first law and other thermodynamic relations. We compute the dual stress-energy tensor and the mass through holographic renormalization, which is associated with the boundary conditions of the scalar field. We also find that the conformal mass is the same as the holographic mass. Along the same line, we also obtain the thermodynamics of $U(1)^2$-charged accelerating black holes.
description: 25 pages; v2: improved version; v3: published version
ANJEC Report Spring 2003: Vol. 23, No. 2
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: ANJEC
Year: 2003

description: This report from the ANJEC includes articles on such issues as habitat and species conservation, the value of Environmental or Natural Resource Inventories, sustainable development, and new NJDEP stormwater regulations. Also included are tips for environmentally friendly gardening, information on the release of the NJDEP's BIG map showing growth patterns in the state (a project that was discontinued after the publication of this report), New Jersey's transit initiative to revitalize areas around transit centers, and book reviews.
Synthetic α-Helical Peptides as Potential Inhibitors of the ACE2 SARS-CoV-2 Interaction
Creators: name: Engelhardt, Pascal M.
name: Florez-Rueda, Sebastián
name: Drexelius, Marco
name: Neudörfl, Jörg-Martin
name: Lauster, Daniel
name: Hackenberger, Christian P. R.
name: Kühne, Ronald
name: Neundorf, Ines
name: Schmalz, Hans-Günther
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CD spectroscopy
subject: peptides
subject: protein-protein interactions
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: secondary structures
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: During viral cell entry, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the α1-helix motif of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Thus, alpha-helical peptides mimicking this motif may serve as inhibitors of viral cell entry. For this purpose, we employed the rigidified diproline-derived module ProM-5 to induce α-helicity in short peptide sequences inspired by the ACE2 α1-helix. Starting with Ac-QAKTFLDKFNHEAEDLFYQ-NH2 as a relevant section of α1, a series of peptides, N-capped with either Ac-βHAsp-[ProM-5] or Ac-βHAsp-PP, were prepared and their α-helicities were investigated. While ProM-5 clearly showed a pronounced effect, an even increased degree of helicity (up to 63 %) was observed in sequences in which non-binding amino acids were replaced by alanine. The binding affinities of the peptides towards the spike protein, as determined by means of microscale thermophoresis (MST), revealed only a subtle influence of the α-helical content and, noteworthy, led to the identification of an Ac-βHAsp-PP-capped peptide displaying a very strong binding affinity (KD=62 nM).
Controlling the configuration space topology of mechanisms
Creators: name: Berry, M.
name: Limberg, David
name: Lee-Trimble, M. E.
name: Hayward, Ryan
name: Santangelo, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linkages are mechanical devices constructed from rigid bars and freely rotating joints studied both for their utility in engineering and as mathematical idealizations in a number of physical systems. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in designing linkages to perform certain tasks from the physics community. We describe a method to design the topology of the configuration space of a linkage by first identifying the manifold of critical points, then perturbing around such critical configurations. We then demonstrate our procedure by designing a mechanism to gate the propagation of a soliton in a Kane-Lubensky chain of interconnected rotors.
RAR-PINN algorithm for the data-driven vector-soliton solutions and parameter discovery of coupled nonlinear equations
Creators: name: Qin, Shu-Mei
name: Li, Min
name: Xu, Tao
name: Dong, Shao-Qun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work aims to provide an effective deep learning framework to predict the vector-soliton solutions of the coupled nonlinear equations and their interactions. The method we propose here is a physics-informed neural network (PINN) combining with the residual-based adaptive refinement (RAR-PINN) algorithm. Different from the traditional PINN algorithm which takes points randomly, the RAR-PINN algorithm uses an adaptive point-fetching approach to improve the training efficiency for the solutions with steep gradients. A series of experiment comparisons between the RAR-PINN and traditional PINN algorithms are implemented to a coupled generalized nonlinear Schrödinger (CGNLS) equation as an example. The results indicate that the RAR-PINN algorithm has faster convergence rate and better approximation ability, especially in modeling the shape-changing vector-soliton interactions in the coupled systems. Finally, the RAR-PINN method is applied to perform the data-driven discovery of the CGNLS equation, which shows the dispersion and nonlinear coefficients can be well approximated.
Private spanner in public works? The corrosive effects of private insurance on public life
Creators: name: Hadziabdic, Sinisa
name: Kohl, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: attitudes
subject: Germany
subject: panel data
subject: private insurance
subject: risk
subject: welfare
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Contemporary societies are not only “risk societies”, but also insurance societies. While the shift of systemic risks from the community to the individual is a distinctive trait of modernity, research on the consequences of this process has focused almost exclusively on welfare state responses aimed at re-collectivizing societal risks. Individual-level reactions associated with the need for a private safety net against the uncertainty brought by risk societies have been largely overlooked. What happens to a society and its individuals when private insurance becomes commonplace? Focusing on Germany, we use the data of the German Socio-Economic Panel (1984–2018) to investigate the attitudinal antecedents and consequences of contracting private insurance. As one of the most important sources of private welfare, life insurance attracts risk-averse individuals who are highly concerned with public economic affairs and see the market-based solutions of conservative parties as the best way to safeguard their economic security. While short-term attitudinal effects are absent, a longitudinal approach reveals that becoming insured gradually increases economic security but also entails withdrawal from public life and aversion to parties that support social redistribution. The loss of dynamism of a society may thus be related not only to public welfare but also to a private institution at the heart of the financial markets, which moreover has privatizing, welfare-eroding effects. The paper argues for a more general sociology of insurance.
Chronicle (Paterson, NJ), Vol. 24, No. 5, Feb. 3, 1952
Creators: name: Parrillo, Vincent S.
name: Brandeis, Erich
name: Torkelson, E.R.
name: Bowman, Lewis
name: Bowman, Eleanor
name: Hunter, Carl
name: Greene, Dee
Publisher: name: The Chronicle Company
Year: 1952

description: Local information pertaining to Paterson, N.J. and surrounding Passaic County.   Issues may include events, government, business, political cartoons, engagement and marriage announcements, and birth announcements.
Magnetic dipole moments as a strong signature for $α$-clustering in even-even self-conjugate nuclei
Creators: name: Stellin, Gianluca
name: Speidel, Karl-Heinz
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the magnetic dipole moments in even-even self-conjugate nuclei from ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ to ${}^{44}\mathrm{Ti}$. For the latter, the measured gyromagnetic factors of excited states turn out to assume the same value of $g \approx + 0.5$ within statistical errors. This peculiar feature can be interpreted on the basis of collective excitations of $α$-clusters. Analogously, the behaviour of the same observable is studied for all isotopes obtained by adding one or two neutrons to the considered self-conjugate nuclei. It is found that for the $N = Z + 1$ isotopes the $α$-cluster structure hardly contributes to the observed negative g- factor value, corroborating molecular $α$-cluster models. The addition of a further neutron, however, restores the original $α$-cluster g-factors, except for the semi-magic isotopes, in which the deviations from $g \approx + 0.5$ can be associated with the relevant shell closures. Secondly, we analyze the same observable in the framework of a macroscopic $α$-cluster model on a finite lattice of side length $L$. We focus on the discretization effects induced in the magnetic dipole moments of the $2_1^+$ and the $3_1^-$ states of ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ at different values of the lattice spacing $a$.
description: 38 pages, 7 figures, 17 tables
Photo-labile BODIPY protecting groups for glycan synthesis
Creators: name: Leichnitz, Sabrina
name: Dissanayake, Komadhie C.
name: Winter, Arthur H.
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: protective groups
subject: carbohydrate chemistry
subject: glycan synthesis
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Protective groups that can be selectively removed under mild conditions are an essential aspect of carbohydrate chemistry. Groups that can be selectively removed by visible light are particularly attractive because carbohydrates are transparent to visible light. Here, different BODIPY protecting groups were explored for their utility during glycan synthesis. A BODIPY group bearing a boron difluoride unit is stable during glycosylations but can be cleaved with green light as illustrated by the assembly of a trisaccharide.
Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning: A Review
Creators: name: Mohamed, Abdelrahman
name: Lee, Hung-yi
name: Borgholt, Lasse
name: Havtorn, Jakob D.
name: Edin, Joakim
name: Igel, Christian
name: Kirchhoff, Katrin
name: Li, Shang-Wen
name: Livescu, Karen
name: Maaløe, Lars
name: Sainath, Tara N.
name: Watanabe, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Although supervised deep learning has revolutionized speech and audio processing, it has necessitated the building of specialist models for individual tasks and application scenarios. It is likewise difficult to apply this to dialects and languages for which only limited labeled data is available. Self-supervised representation learning methods promise a single universal model that would benefit a wide variety of tasks and domains. Such methods have shown success in natural language processing and computer vision domains, achieving new levels of performance while reducing the number of labels required for many downstream scenarios. Speech representation learning is experiencing similar progress in three main categories: generative, contrastive, and predictive methods. Other approaches rely on multi-modal data for pre-training, mixing text or visual data streams with speech. Although self-supervised speech representation is still a nascent research area, it is closely related to acoustic word embedding and learning with zero lexical resources, both of which have seen active research for many years. This review presents approaches for self-supervised speech representation learning and their connection to other research areas. Since many current methods focus solely on automatic speech recognition as a downstream task, we review recent efforts on benchmarking learned representations to extend the application beyond speech recognition.
Terahertz Electric Field Driven Electric Currents and Ratchet Effects
Creators: name: Ganichev, Sergey
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Eroms, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: QUANTUM-WELLS; TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; TUNNELING IONIZATION; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; DEEP IMPURITIES; ULTRAFAST PHOTOCURRENTS; SURFACE; PHOTODETECTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; graphene; terahertz; photocurrents; nonlinear electron transport
subject: 530 Physik

description: Terahertz field induced photocurrents in graphene were studied experimentally and by microscopic modeling. Currents were generated by cw and pulsed laser radiation in large area as well as small-size exfoliated graphene samples. We review general symmetry considerations leading to photocurrents depending on linear and circular polarized radiation and then present a number of situations where photocurrents were detected. Starting with the photon drag effect under oblique incidence, we proceed to the photogalvanic effect enhancement in the reststrahlen band of SiC and edge-generated currents in graphene. Ratchet effects were considered for in-plane magnetic fields and a structure inversion asymmetry as well as for graphene with non-symmetric patterned top gates. Lastly, we demonstrate that graphene can be used as a fast, broadband detector of terahertz radiation.
Early-life adversity predicts performance and fitness in a wild social carnivore
Creators: name: Gicquel, Morgane
name: East, Marion L.
name: Hofer, Heribert
name: Benhaiem, Sarah
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: age at first reproduction
subject: cumulative early-life adversity
subject: fitness
subject: lifetime reproductive success
subject: longevity
subject: rainfall
subject: social rank
subject: spotted hyena
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: 1. Studies on humans indicate that encountering multiple sources of adversity in childhood increases the risk of poor long-term health and premature death. Far less is known about cumulative effects of adversity during early life in wildlife. 2. Focusing on the spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta, a social mammal with small litters, extensive maternal care, slow development and access to resources determined by social rank, we determined the contribution of ecological, maternal, social and demographic factors during early life on performance and fitness, and tested whether the impact of early-life adversity is cumulative. 3. Using longitudinal data from 666 female hyenas in the Serengeti National Park, we determined the early growth rate, survival to adulthood, age at first reproduction (AFR), lifetime reproductive success (LRS) and longevity. We fitted multivariate models in which we tested the effects of environmental factors on these performance measures. We then constructed a cumulative adversity index and fitted models to test the effect of this index on each performance measure. Finally, the value of cumulative adversity models was tested by comparing them to multivariate and single-effect models in which the effect of each environmental factor was considered separately. 4. High maternal rank decreased the AFR of daughters. Singleton and dominant cubs had higher growth rate than subordinate cubs, and singletons also had a higher survival chance to adulthood than subordinates. Daughters of prime age mothers had a higher growth rate, longevity and LRS. Little and heavy rainfall decreased survival to adulthood. Increasing numbers of lactating female clan members decreased growth rate, survival to adulthood and LRS. Cumulative adversity negatively affected short-term performance and LRS. Multivariate models outperformed cumulative adversity and single-effect models for all measures except for AFR and longevity, for which single-effect models performed better. 5. Our results suggest that in some wildlife populations the combination of specific conditions in early life may matter more than the accumulation of adverse conditions as such.
New Jersey Historic Preservation Plan
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Department of Environmental Protection : Division of Parks and Forestry : Historic Preservation Office
Year: 1997

description: This document was written to provide a guidance plan to the Historic Preservation Office for five years starting in 1997.  It describes seven goals and strategies, including: identifying, protecting, increasing awareness, and encouraging appropriate treatment of New Jersey's historic resources.  Statewide historic contexts and thematic contexts are listed along with a directory of preservation related organizations.  The appendix includes excerpts from legislation documents.  The plan also serves as a guide to those who have an interest or responsibility for managing historical resources.
Vanishing Spaces of Random Sets and Applications to Reed-Muller Codes
Creators: name: Bhandari, Siddharth
name: Harsha, Prahladh
name: Saptharishi, Ramprasad
name: Srinivasan, Srikanth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the following natural question on random sets of points in $\mathbb{F}_2^m$: Given a random set of $k$ points $Z=\{z_1, z_2, \dots, z_k\} \subseteq \mathbb{F}_2^m$, what is the dimension of the space of degree at most $r$ multilinear polynomials that vanish on all points in $Z$? We show that, for $r \leq γm$ (where $γ> 0$ is a small, absolute constant) and $k = (1-ε) \cdot \binom{m}{\leq r}$ for any constant $ε> 0$, the space of degree at most $r$ multilinear polynomials vanishing on a random set $Z = \{z_1,\ldots, z_k\}$ has dimension exactly $\binom{m}{\leq r} - k$ with probability $1 - o(1)$. This bound shows that random sets have a much smaller space of degree at most $r$ multilinear polynomials vanishing on them, compared to the worst-case bound (due to Wei (IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 1991)) of $\binom{m}{\leq r} - \binom{\log_2 k}{\leq r} \gg \binom{m}{\leq r} - k$. Using this bound, we show that high-degree Reed-Muller codes ($\text{RM}(m,d)$ with $d > (1-γ) m$) "achieve capacity" under the Binary Erasure Channel in the sense that, for any $ε> 0$, we can recover from $(1 - ε) \cdot \binom{m}{\leq m-d-1}$ random erasures with probability $1 - o(1)$. This also implies that $\text{RM}(m,d)$ is also efficiently decodable from $\approx \binom{m}{\leq m-(d/2)}$ random errors for the same range of parameters.
description: 17 pages, In CCC'2022
Seasons, Spring 2006
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Hudson County Improvement Authority (HCIA)
Year: 2006

description: Seasons is the newsletter of the Hudson County Improvement Authority (HCIA). This edition features the following articles: Celebrate and Appreciate Earth Day April 22!; The Fourth Annual Crayon Contest Winners!; HCIA Enforcement Division - Making a Difference Every Day; Environmental Outreach...Not Just For Classrooms; New Faces at the TMA.
Grassland allergenicity increases with urbanisation and plant invasions
Creators: name: Bernard-Verdier, Maud
name: Seitz, Birgit
name: Buchholz, Sascha
name: Kowarik, Ingo
name: Lasunción Mejía, Sara
name: Jeschke, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Alien plants
subject: Biochemical diversity
subject: Ecosystem disservices
subject: Novel ecosystems
subject: Public health
subject: Urban ecology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Pollen allergies have been on the rise in cities, where anthropogenic disturbances, warmer climate and introduced species are shaping novel urban ecosystems. Yet, the allergenic potential of these urban ecosystems, in particular spontaneous vegetation outside parks and gardens, remains poorly known. We quantified the allergenic properties of 56 dry grasslands along a double gradient of urbanisation and plant invasion in Berlin (Germany). 30% of grassland species were classified as allergenic, most of them being natives. Urbanisation was associated with an increase in abundance and diversity of pollen allergens, mainly driven by an increase in allergenic non-native plants. While not inherently more allergenic than native plants, the pool of non-natives contributed a larger biochemical diversity of allergens and flowered later than natives, creating a broader potential spectrum of allergy. Managing novel risks to urban public health will involve not only targeted action on allergenic non-natives, but also policies at the habitat scale favouring plant community assembly of a diverse, low-allergenicity vegetation. Similar approaches could be easily replicated in other cities to provide a broad quantification and mapping of urban allergy risks and drivers.
Permit Activity Report: July 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Office of Pollution Prevention and Permit Coordination
Year: 2003

description: In accordance with the requirements of the Environmental Management Accountability Plan, this report provides information about the number of permit applications received and processed by New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) programs for the period of July 1, 2002 to December 31, 2002. This report reflects the department's commitment to provide access to information to the public, the regulated community, and other levels of government. Total average review times for actions processed by the department are provided, as well as the published total average review time goals set by each program.
Oxidation of bacillithiol during killing of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 inside neutrophil phagosomes
Creators: name: Ashby, Louisa V.
name: Springer, Reuben
name: Loi, Vu Van
name: Antelmann, Haike
name: Hampton, Mark B.
name: Kettle, Anthony J.
name: Dickerhof, Nina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: hypochlorous acid
subject: low-molecular-weight thiol
subject: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
subject: myeloperoxidase
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Targeting immune evasion tactics of pathogenic bacteria may hold the key to treating recalcitrant bacterial infections. Staphylococcus aureus produces bacillithiol (BSH), its major low-molecular-weight thiol, which is thought to protect this opportunistic human pathogen against the bombardment of oxidants inside neutrophil phagosomes. Here, we show that BSH was oxidized when human neutrophils phagocytosed S. aureus, but provided limited protection to the bacteria. We used mass spectrometry to measure the oxidation of BSH upon exposure of S. aureus USA300 to either a bolus of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or a flux generated by the neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase. Oxidation of BSH and loss of bacterial viability were strongly correlated (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). BSH was fully oxidized after exposure of S. aureus to lethal doses of HOCl. However, there was no relationship between the initial BSH levels and the dose of HOCl required for bacterial killing. In contrast to the HOCl systems, only 50% of total BSH was oxidized when neutrophils killed the majority of phagocytosed bacteria. Oxidation of BSH was decreased upon inhibition of myeloperoxidase, implicating HOCl in phagosomal BSH oxidation. A BSH-deficient S. aureus USA300 mutant was slightly more susceptible to treatment with either HOCl or ammonia chloramine, or to killing within neutrophil phagosomes. Collectively, our data show that myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants react with S. aureus inside neutrophil phagosomes, leading to partial BSH oxidation, and contribute to bacterial killing. However, BSH offers only limited protection against the neutrophil's multifaceted killing mechanisms.
Agricultural Pesticide Use in New Jersey: 1991 Survey
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Pesticide Control Program : Pesticide Evaluation and Monitoring : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)
Year: 1991

description: The New Jersey Pesticide Control Program (NJPCP) began a series of pesticide use surveys in 1985.These surveys address use for agriculture. The information collected from the NJPCP surveys is used by agencies within the NJ Department ofEnvironmental Protection to help research and monitoring efforts in areas such as ground waterprotection, farm worker protection and education, and residual pesticide sampling. The survey dataare also downloaded into state and federal geographical information systems for mapping purposes.All general pesticide use information is available to the public.