cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Characterization of somatomedin/insulin-like growth factor receptors and correlation with biologic action in cultured neonatal rat astroglial cells
Creators: name: Han, V. K.M.
name: D'Ercole, A. J.
name: Lauder, J. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: The role of somatomedin/insulin-like growth factors (Sm/IGFs) in neural growth and development is not clearly defined. To characterize Sm/IGF receptors and to correlate binding with the biologic actions of Sm/IGFs in a homogeneous population of neural cells, we isolated and studied a nearly pure population of cultured astroglial monolayers derived from cerebral cortices of neonatal rats. Binding of radiolabeled Sm/IGFs was specific, saturable, and reversible, with 90% of the binding occurring within 6 hr of incubation at 4 degrees C. Competitive binding studies with Sm-C/IGF I yielded curvilinear Scatchard plots, while studies with IGF II and multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) yielded linear plots, suggesting that 125I-Sm-C/IGF I binds to more than 1 receptor species, and 125I-IGF II and 125I-MSA bind to one only. These findings were supported by affinity-labeling studies with radiolabeled Sm/IGFs using disuccinimidyl suberate as a cross-linking agent. Sm-C/IGF I appeared to bind to both type I and II Sm/IGF receptors, because cross- linked 125I-Sm-C/IGF I-receptor complexes with molecular weight (Mr) of greater than 300,000 (300K) and 130K (type I receptor) were observed under nonreducing and reducing conditions, respectively, as were 220 and 260K complexes (type II receptor) under the same respective conditions. 125I-IGF II and 125I-MSA, however, bound only to the Mr 220 and 260K moieties under nonreducing and reducing conditions, respectively, suggesting that these peptides bind only to the type II receptor. Competitive binding studies of the cross-linked moieties were consistent with this interpretation. In contrast, 125I-insulin bound poorly to astroglia (less than 0.5% specific binding), and cross- linking studies could not definitely distinguish among low-affinity binding to the type I Sm/IGF receptor, binding to a paucity of insulin receptors, or both. In addition, by combining autoradiography to localize 125I-Sm/IGFs binding on astroglial cells and immunocytochemistry with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein to identify the cell type, we have demonstrated cell-surface binding and apparent internalization of radiolabeled Sm/IGFs. Concurrent studies of Sm/IGF stimulation of 3H-thymidine incorporation revealed that these cells were most sensitive to Sm-C/IGF I, followed by IGF II and MSA, and insulin. MSA and IGF II, however, were the most potent followed by Sm-C/IGF I and then insulin. Half-maximal stimulations of 3H-thymidine incorporation corresponded closely with half-maximal binding displacement for Sm-C/IGF I and less so for IGF II and MSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
(1429) William Cary
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Synthesis, kinetic studies and in-silico investigations of novel quinolinyl-iminothiazolines as alkaline phosphatase inhibitors
Creators: name: Mustafa, Muhammad Naeem
name: Channar, Pervaiz Ali
name: Sarfraz, Muhammad
name: Saeed, Aamer
name: Ejaz, Syeda Abida
name: Aziz, Mubashir
name: Alasmary, Fatmah Ali
name: Alsoqair, Hanadi Yaqob
name: Raza, Hussain
name: Kim, Song Ja
name: Hamad, Asad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) or alkaline phosphate crystals on soft tissues causes the pathological calcification diseases comprising of end-stage osteoarthritis (OA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), medial artery calcification and tumour calcification. The pathological calcification is symbolised by increased concentration of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). An efficient therapeutic strategy to eradicate these diseases is required, and for this the alkaline phosphatase inhibitors can play a potential role. In this context a series of novel quinolinyl iminothiazolines was synthesised and evaluated for alkaline phosphatase inhibition potential. All the compounds were subjected to DFT studies where N-benzamide quinolinyl iminothiazoline (6g), N-dichlorobenzamide quinolinyl iminothiazoline (6i) and N-nitrobenzamide quinolinyl iminothiazoline (6j) were found as the most reactive compounds. Then during the in-vitro testing, the compound N-benzamide quinolinyl iminothiazoline (6g) exhibited the maximum alkaline phosphatase inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.337 ± 0.015 µM) as compared to other analogues and standard KH2PO4 (IC50 = 5.245 ± 0.477 µM). The results were supported by the molecular docking studies, molecular dynamics simulations and kinetic analysis which also revealed the inhibitory potential of compound N-benzamide quinolinyl iminothiazoline (6g) against alkaline phosphatase. This compound can be act as lead molecule for the synthesis of more effective inhibitors and can be suggested to test at the molecular level.
Glutamate-positive neurons in the somatic sensory cortex of rats and monkeys
Creators: name: Conti, F.
name: Rustioni, A.
name: Petrusz, P.
name: Towle, A. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: The morphology and laminar distribution of neurons labeled with an antiserum prepared against glutamic acid (Glu) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin have been studied in the somatic sensory cortex of rats and monkeys. In both species, the vast majority of immunostained neurons are pyramidal; some nonpyramidal neurons are also present. Positive neurons are observed in all cortical layers, although variations are found in the percentage of Glu-positive neurons in the different layers. In rats they are most numerous in layer V (36%), followed by layer II (33%), layer III (32%), and layer VI (29%). In layer IV, 13% of all neurons are positive. Immunoreactive neurons are very sparse in layer I. In monkeys, Glu-positive neurons represent 51% of all neurons in layer V, 49% in layer III, 40% in layers II and VI, and 19% in layer IV. No differences are evident in the laminar distribution of Glu-positive neurons among cytoarchitectonic areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2. As in rats, Glu-positive neurons are very sparse in layer I. Since Glu and GABA metabolisms are closely related, double-labeling experiments were performed in which thin, adjacent paraffin sections were stained alternately with the anti-Glu serum and with an anti-GABA serum. The 2 populations are almost completely segregated, even though a small fraction of neurons (less than 5%) are labeled by the antisera against both antigens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Suppl. File 4 from Within-population variability in a moth sex pheromone blend, part 2: selection towards fixation.
Creators: name: Groot, Astrid T.
name: Wijk, Michiel Van
name: Villacis-Perez, Ernesto
name: Kuperus, Peter
name: Schöfl, Gerhard
name: Veldhuizen, Dennis Van
name: Heckel, David G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Aligned nucleotide sequences of the exons of LPAQ delta-11-desaturase of field-collected females: ‘nc’: North Carolina, ‘ms’: Mississippi, ‘mxe’: East coast Mexico (near Tampico), ‘tx’: Texas (see Groot et al. 2014 on specific locations of these field collections). “L allel cDNA” refers to the consensus sequence of the cds allele in the High selection line, “L allel gDNA” to the consensus genomic DNA sequence in the High selection line.
Quadratic integral penalty methods for numerical trajectory optimization
Creators: name: Neuenhofen, Martin Peter
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: This thesis presents new mathematical algorithms for the numerical solution of a mathematical problem class called dynamic optimization problems . These are mathematical optimization problems, i.e., problems in which numbers are sought that minimize an expression subject to obeying equality and inequality constraints. Dynamic optimization problems are distinct from non-dynamic problems in that the sought numbers may vary over one independent variable. This independent variable can be thought of as, e.g., time. This thesis presents three methods, with emphasis on algorithms, convergence analysis, and computational demonstrations. The fi rst method is a direct transcription method that is based on an integral quadratic penalty term. The purpose of this method is to avoid numerical artifacts such as ringing or erroneous/spurious solutions that may arise in direct collocation methods. The second method is a modifi ed augmented Lagrangian method that leverages ideas from augmented Lagrangian methods for the solution of optimization problems with large quadratic penalty terms, such as they arise from the prior direct transcription method. Lastly, we present a direct transcription method with integral quadratic penalties and integral logarithmic barriers. All methods are motivated with applications and examples, analyzed with complete proofs for their convergence, and practically verifi ed with numerical experiments.
European Piano Schools: Russian, German and French classical piano interpretation and technique
Creators: name: Lourenço, Sofia
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts
Year: 2010

description: The goal of this research is to characterize representative performances by famous pianists in order to determine main influential trends in performance, derived specifically from traditional piano practices referred to as National Piano Schools. Previous research (Lourenço, 2005, 2007) has shown strong musical correlation of particular characteristics, namely the aesthetic, the technical, the historic and the repertoire. The concept of piano interpretation school is a useful concept for analyzing the universe of piano performance. Piano pedagogy literature of each European National Piano School has been analyzed together with an empirical audio analysis of recordings through a check-list survey. Overall the main National Piano Schools consist of three essential branches: the Russian school; the German school; the French school. The identification of National Piano Schools provides a powerful framework of study and an awareness of Europe's elusive music heritage and it main influences. Furthermore, as pianists use their whole body to enhance their communication of the music's spiritual, emotional and dramatic essence, this study also aims to contribute into research on performance practice.
description: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts, v. 2 n. 1 (2010)
Re-examining Archie's law: Conductance description by tortuosity and constriction
Creators: name: Berg, Carl Fredrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we investigate the electrical conductance of an insulating porous medium (e.g., a sedimentary rock) filled with an electrolyte (e.g., brine), usually described using the Archie cementation exponent. We show how the electrical conductance depends on changes in the drift velocity and the length of the electric field lines, in addition to the porosity and the conductance of the electrolyte. We characterized the length of the electric field lines by a tortuosity and the changes in drift velocity by a constriction factor. Both the tortuosity and the constriction factor are descriptors of the pore microstructure. We define a conductance reduction factor to measure the local contributions of the pore microstructure to the global conductance. It is shown that the global conductance reduction factor is the product of the tortuosity squared divided by the constriction factor, thereby proving that the combined effect of tortuosity and constriction, in addition to the porosity and conductance of the electrolyte, fully describes the effective electrical conductance of a porous medium. We show that our tortuosity, constriction factor, and conductance reduction factor reproduce the electrical conductance for idealized porous media. They are also applied to Bentheimer sandstone, where we describe a microstructure-related correlation between porosity and conductivity using both the global conductance reduction factor and the distinct contributions from tortuosity and constriction. Overall, this work shows how the empirical Archie cementation exponent can be substituted by more descriptive, physical parameters, either by the global conductance reduction factor or by tortuosity and constriction.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
The transient localization scenario for charge transport in crystalline organic materials
Creators: name: Fratini, S.
name: Mayou, D.
name: Ciuchi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge transport in crystalline organic semiconductors is intrinsically limited by the presence of large thermal molecular motions, which are a direct consequence of the weak van der Waals inter-molecular interactions. These lead to an original regime of transport called \textit{transient localization}, sharing features of both localized and itinerant electron systems. After a brief review of experimental observations that pose a challenge to the theory, we concentrate on a commonly studied model which describes the interaction of the charge carriers with inter-molecular vibrations. We present different theoretical approaches that have been applied to the problem in the past, and then turn to more modern approaches that are able to capture the key microscopic phenomenon at the origin of the puzzling experimental observations, i.e. the quantum localization of the electronic wavefuntion at timescales shorter than the typical molecular motions. We describe in particular a relaxation time approximation which clarifies how the transient localization due to dynamical molecular motions relates to the Anderson localization realized for static disorder, and allows us to devise strategies to improve the mobility of actual compounds. The relevance of the transient localization scenario to other classes of systems is briefly discussed.
description: Accepted for publication in Advanced Functional Materials - Special issue on Organic Single Crystals
The diversity-accuracy duality in ensembles of classifiersd
Creators: name: Cardoso Peixoto, Rui Pedro
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Horizontal scaling of Machine Learning algorithms has the potential to tackle concerns over the scalability and sustainability of Deep Learning methods, viz. their consumption of energy and computational resources, as well their increasing inaccessibility to researchers. One way to enact horizontal scaling is by employing ensemble learning methods, since they enable distribution. There is a consensus on the point that diversity between individual learners leads to better performance, which is why we have focused on it as the criterion for distributing the base models of an ensemble. However, there is no standard agreement on how diversity should be defined and thus how to exploit it to construct a high-performing classifier. Therefore, we have proposed different definitions of diversity and innovative algorithms which promote it in a systematic way. We have first considered architectural diversity with an algorithm called WILDA: Wide Learning of Diverse Architectures. In a distributed fashion, this algorithm evolves a set of neural networks that are pretrained on the target task and diverse w.r.t. architectural feature descriptors. We have then generalised this notion by defining behavioural diversity on the basis of the divergence between the errors made by different models on a dataset. We have defined several diversity metrics and used them to guide a novelty search algorithm which builds an ensemble of behaviourally diverse classifiers. The algorithm promotes diversity in ensembles by explicitly searching for it, without selecting for accuracy. We have then extended this approach with a surrogate diversity model, which reduces the computational burden of this search by eliminating the need to train each network in the population with stochastic gradient descent at each step. These methods have enabled us to investigate the role that both architectural and behavioural diversity play in contributing to the performance of an ensemble. In order to study the relationship between diversity and accuracy in classifier ensembles, we have then proposed several methods that extend the novelty search with accuracy objectives. Surprisingly, we have observed that, with the highest-performing diversity metrics, there is an equivalence between searching for diversity objectives and searching for accuracy objectives. This contradicts widespread assumptions that a trade-off must be found by balancing diversity and accuracy objectives. We therefore posit the existence of a diversity-accuracy duality in ensembles of classifiers. An implication of this is the possibility of evolving diverse ensembles without detriment to their accuracy, since it is implicitly ensured.
Erläuterungen und Kommentare zu Neuerungen, Abweichungen von der Standardliste der Gefäßpflanzen Deutschlands sowie zu Gattungs- und Artkonzepten in der Rothmaler Exkursionsflora, Auflage 22
Creators: name: Müller, Frank
name: Ritz, Christiane
name: Welk, Erik
name: Aas, Gregor
name: Dillenberger, Markus S.
name: Gebauer, Sebastian
name: Kadereit, Joachim W.
name: Kropf, Matthias
name: Peterson, Angela
name: Peterson, Jens
name: Wesche, Karsten
Publisher: name: Schlechtendalia
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 000

description: Müller F., Ritz, C. M., Welk, E., Aas, G., Dillenberger, M., Gebauer, S., Kadereit, J. W., Kropf, M., Peterson, A., Peterson, J. & Wesche, K. 2022: Erläuterungen und Kommentare zu Neuerungen, Abweichungen von der Standardliste der Gefäßpflanzen Deutschlands sowie zu Gattungs- und Artkonzepten in der Rothmaler Exkursionsflora, Auflage 22. Schlechtendalia 39: 180–219. Die 22. Auflage des Gundbandes der Rothmaler Exkursionsflora ist 2021 erschienen und der vorliegende Artikel gibt Kommentare und Hinweise zu vielen, vorwiegend größeren Neuerungen. Wir haben im Grundband nicht nur neue Taxa aufgenommen, sondern mit den Armleuchteralgen, den Characeae, auch erstmals eine Algengruppe verschlüsselt, die aber in vieler, insbesondere ökologisch-praktischer Hinsicht durchaus den Gefäßpflanzen ähnelt. Für alle Arten im Band wurden die biologischen Angaben durchgesehen; sofern Daten zu Akzessionen aus Deutschland verfügbar waren, wurde Chromosomenzahlen neu eingefügt. Die Angaben zur Verbreitung in Deutschland wurden basierend auf dem Deutschlandatlas neu zusammengestellt, wobei jetzt stärker naturräumliche als politische Verbreitungseinheiten genutzt wurden. Taxonomie und Nomenklatur im Grundband folgen weitgehend der Florenliste von Deutschland, Abweichungen werden hier diskutiert und ggf. begründet.
description: Müller F., Ritz, C. M., Welk, E., Aas, G., Dillenberger, M., Gebauer, S., Kadereit, J. W., Kropf, M., Peterson, A., Peterson, J. & Wesche, K. 2022: Notes and comments on novel aspects, on deviations from the standard checklist of vascular plants of Germany, and on genus concepts and species concepts in the Rothmaler field flora, 22nd edition. Schlechtendalia 39: 180–219. The 22nd edition of the Rothmaler field flora was published in 2021, and the present article gives comments on the numerous, especial major changes. We added new species, and for the first time included an Algae group; the stoneworts, Characeae, which in many practical respects resemble vascular plants. For all species, biological data were revised, and chromosome numbers were added if available for accessions from Germany. Notes on distribution within Germany were completely restructured, employing new physico-geographical rather than political mapping units, and using data from the current distribution atlas of vascular plants in Germany. Taxonomy and nomenclature in the Rothmaler largely follow the standard checklist of vascular plants in Germany; deviations are explained and justified.
Rapid axonal transport in focally demyelinated sciatic nerve
Creators: name: Morell, P.
name: Toews, A. D.
name: Armstrong, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: Focal demyelination was produced in rat sciatic nerve by unilateral intraneural injection of anti-galactocerebroside serum. A functional lesion was confirmed by the presence of nerve conduction block. Histologically, this corresponded to demyelination of 50-70% of the fibers in nerve cross sections; axonal structures appeared intact. At the time of maximal demyelination (7 d), 35S-methionine or 3H-fucose was injected bilaterally into the spinal cord ventral horn. At later times (5 hr-7 d), the sciatic nerve was removed and radioactivity in successive nerve segments was quantitated. The transport rates (approximately 260 mm/d) and the composition of transported proteins and glycoproteins (separated on 7-15% polyacrylamide gradient gels) were not altered in lesioned nerves relative to contralateral control nerves. Light microscopic autoradiographic analysis revealed a similar localization of axonally transported and deposited glycoproteins in demyelinated and control fibers. Initially (8 hr), the majority of label was over axons. Labeled glycoproteins remaining in the nerve after 1 week were retained mainly in axolemmal regions. We conclude that acute focal primary demyelination does not lead to major alterations in the transport or deposition of newly synthesized macromolecules.
I-BiDaaS - D6.2: Experiments implementation – initial version
Creators: name: Kavakli, Evangelia
name: Rizos Sakellariou
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This is a report on the progress of: the operational experiments’ specification; the preparation of the datasets to be exploited in each experiment; and the indicators to be measured in order to validate both the operational (business) and technical performance of the I-BiDaaS platform, according to the I-BiDaaS experimental protocol. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the first completed I-BiDaaS prototype and the activities aiming towards the involvement of external stakeholders in the experimentation process.
Oral Cancer Prevalence, Mortality, and Costs in Medicaid and Commercial Insurance Claims Data
Creators: name: Tranby, Eric P
name: Heaton, Lisa J
name: Tomar, Scott
name: Kelly, Abigail L
name: Fager, Gulielma Leonard
name: Backley, Mary
name: Frantsve-Hawley, Julie
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: BACKGROUND: This study compared prevalence, incidence, mortality rates, treatment costs, and risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OC/OPC) between two large United States (U.S.) adult cohorts in 2012-2019. METHODS: Medicaid and commercial claims data came from the IBM Watson Health MarketScan Database. Logistic regression analyses estimated incidence and risk factors for OC/OPC. Mortality was calculated by merging deceased individuals' files with those of the existing cancer cohort. Summing costs of outpatient and inpatient services determined costs. RESULTS: Prevalence of OC/OPC in Medicaid enrollees decreased each year (129.8 cases per 100,000 enrollees in 2012 to 88.5 in 2019); commercial enrollees showed a lower, more stable prevalence (64.7 per 100,000 in 2012 and 2019). Incidence trended downward in both cohorts, with higher incidence in the Medicaid (51.4-37.6 cases per 100,000) than the commercial cohort (31.9-31.0 per 100,000). Mortality rates decreased for Medicaid enrollees during 2012-2014 but increased in the commercial cohort. OC/OPC treatment costs were higher for commercial enrollees by $8.6 million during 2016-2019. OC/OPC incidence was higher among adults who were older, male, white, used tobacco or alcohol, or had prior HIV/AIDS diagnosis, and lower among those who had seen a dentist the prior year. CONCLUSIONS: Medicaid enrollees experienced higher OC/OPC incidence, prevalence, and mortality compared with commercially insured adults. Having seen a dentist within the prior year was associated with a lower risk of OC/OPC diagnosis. IMPACT: Expanding Medicaid dental benefits may allow OC/OPC to be diagnosed at earlier stages through regular dental visits.
(1431) William Cary
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Synthesis, in silico modelling, and in vitro biological evaluation of substituted pyrazole derivatives as potential anti-skin cancer, anti-tyrosinase, and antioxidant agents
Creators: name: Boateng, Samuel T.
name: Roy, Tithi
name: Torrey, Kara
name: Owunna, Uchechi
name: Banang-Mbeumi, Sergette
name: Basnet, David
name: Niedda, Eleonora
name: Alexander, Alexis D.
name: Hage, Denzel El
name: Atchimnaidu, Siriki
name: Nagalo, Bolni Marius
name: Aryal, Dinesh
name: Findley, Ann
name: Seeram, Navindra P.
name: Efimova, Tatiana
name: Sechi, Mario
name: Hill, Ronald A.
name: Ma, Hang
name: Chamcheu, Jean Christopher
name: Murru, Siva
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Twenty-five azole compounds (P1–P25) were synthesised using regioselective base-metal catalysed and microwave-assisted approaches, fully characterised by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and infrared spectra (IR) analyses, and evaluated for anticancer, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-oxidant activities in silico and in vitro. P25 exhibited potent anticancer activity against cells of four skin cancer (SC) lines, with selectivity for melanoma (A375, SK-Mel-28) or non-melanoma (A431, SCC-12) SC cells over non-cancerous HaCaT-keratinocytes. Clonogenic, scratch-wound, and immunoblotting assay data were consistent with anti-proliferative results, expression profiling therewith implicating intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis activation. In a mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay, P14 was most potent among the compounds (half-maximal inhibitory concentration where 50% of cells are dead, IC50 15.9 μM), with activity greater than arbutin and kojic acid. Also, P6 exhibited noteworthy free radical-scavenging activity. Furthermore, in silico docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) simulations predicted prominent-phenotypic actives to engage diverse cancer/hyperpigmentation-related targets with relatively high affinities. Altogether, promising early-stage hits were identified – some with multiple activities – warranting further hit-to-lead optimisation chemistry with further biological evaluations, towards identifying new skin-cancer and skin-pigmentation renormalising agents.
Seismic retrofitting of substandard frame buildings using steel shear walls
Creators: name: Chen, Xi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The use of steel shear panels represents an effective strategy to enhance the seismic performance of substandard framed buildings not designed to resist earthquakes. The seismic response of framed structures equipped with steel walls can be predicted using finite element models with accurate shell elements for representing the steel panels. However, such a detailed numerical description requires significant computational resources, especially for nonlinear dynamic analysis of large retrofitted buildings with steel infill plates. Besides, the design of steel shear walls for seismic retrofitting has been addressed mainly by trial-and-error methods in previous research and practical applications. Therefore, there is a clear need for more simplified and efficient numerical models for accurate simulations of steel shear walls under earthquake loading and enhanced seismic retrofitting design procedures with automatic selection of the retrofitting components. In this research, an 8-noded macroelement formulation is first proposed incorporating six nonlinear springs with asymmetric constitutive relationships. To improve the macroelement performance, material parameters are calibrated via genetic algorithms (GAs) based on the numerical results from validated shell element models. Subsequently, simple functions for macroelement material parameters in terms of steel plate geometrical properties are determined using multiple linear regressions. Applications to numerical examples have confirmed the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed macroelement with calibrated material properties. An improved optimal seismic retrofitting design procedure utilising steel shear wall macroelements is developed based on the capacity spectrum method. The proposed approach regards the selection and design of infill plates as a multi-objective optimisation problem with constraints solved by GA procedures. Nonlinear regression for equivalent viscous damping of steel shear walls is also carried out to determine the hysteretic damping ratio as a function of plate dimensions and drift demand. Afterwards, the proposed optimal design strategy is applied to the seismic retrofitting of a deficient 4-storey RC frame building. Seismic assessment is finally conducted for the retrofitted structure, where a significant enhancement of the seismic performance is observed.
A criterion for the existence of zero modes for the Pauli operator with fastly decaying fields
Creators: name: Benguria, Rafael D.
name: Bosch, Hanne Van Den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Pauli operator in $\mathbb R^3$ for magnetic fields in $L^{3/2}$ that decay at infinity as $|x|^{-2-β}$ with $β> 0$. In this case we are able to prove that the existence of a zero mode for this operator is equivalent to a quantity $δ(\mathbf B)$, defined below, being equal to zero. Complementing a result from [Balinsky, Evans, Lewis (2001)], this implies that for the class of magnetic fields considered, Sobolev, Hardy and CLR inequalities hold whenever the magnetic field has no zero mode.
description: 9 pages
(1426) James Seaton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Suppl. File 5 from Within-population variability in a moth sex pheromone blend, part 2: selection towards fixation
Creators: name: Groot, Astrid T.
name: Wijk, Michiel Van
name: Villacis-Perez, Ernesto
name: Kuperus, Peter
name: Schöfl, Gerhard
name: Veldhuizen, Dennis Van
name: Heckel, David G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Aligned nucleotide sequences of the second intron after the start codon of LPAQ delta-11-desaturase of field-collected females. “L allel cDNA” refers to the consensus sequence of the cds allele in the High selection line, “L allel gDNA” to the consensus genomic DNA sequence in the High selection line. “H-allel fam 35-07 gDNA” refers to the genomic DNA sequence of the Low allele in individual 7 of backcross family 35.
Variational methods and its applications to computer vision
Creators: name: Pellegrino, Erika
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Many computer vision applications such as image segmentation can be formulated in a ''variational'' way as energy minimization problems. Unfortunately, the computational task of minimizing these energies is usually difficult as it generally involves non convex functions in a space with thousands of dimensions and often the associated combinatorial problems are NP-hard to solve. Furthermore, they are ill-posed inverse problems and therefore are extremely sensitive to perturbations (e.g. noise). For this reason in order to compute a physically reliable approximation from given noisy data, it is necessary to incorporate into the mathematical model appropriate regularizations that require complex computations. The main aim of this work is to describe variational segmentation methods that are particularly effective for curvilinear structures. Due to their complex geometry, classical regularization techniques cannot be adopted because they lead to the loss of most of low contrasted details. In contrast, the proposed method not only better preserves curvilinear structures, but also reconnects some parts that may have been disconnected by noise. Moreover, it can be easily extensible to graphs and successfully applied to different types of data such as medical imagery (i.e. vessels, hearth coronaries etc), material samples (i.e. concrete) and satellite signals (i.e. streets, rivers etc.). In particular, we will show results and performances about an implementation targeting new generation of High Performance Computing (HPC) architectures where different types of coprocessors cooperate. The involved dataset consists of approximately 200 images of cracks, captured in three different tunnels by a robotic machine designed for the European ROBO-SPECT project.
Quantum coherence in trapped ions
Creators: name: Corfield, Oliver
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The techniques of ion trapping have been indispensable for the study of single particles and have greatly increased our understanding of the physical world. With a high degree of control over single quantum systems made possible by recent technical developments, trapped ion researchers are now looking to observe increasingly complex quantum dynamics. There is nothing fundamentally limiting the size such systems can scale to, if the remaining engineering challenges can be overcome, and there is consequently enormous potential for our understanding of physical processes on the boundary between simple quantum and large scale classical effects. The transition between quantum and classical dynamics is characterised by decoherence, which reduces the purity of quantum states as they couple to the environment. Investigation into the mechanisms of decoherence requires the development of novel tools for its classification, which motivates the experiments presented in this work. These show that multi-level coherence in the motional state of a trapped ion can be verified from interference patterns which extend the Ramsey technique. The metric uses simple operations and is shown not to be able to produce false positives, making it of interest in the study of coherence in noisy intermediate scale systems. The motional state of a trapped ion cannot be directly measured, and the scheme shows it is possible to extract information about a quantum system coupled to the measurement basis. Coherence between quantum states can enhance information processing and sensing, which is driving the development of techniques for preserving coherence in the presence of noise. This motivates the project begun in this thesis, which is to design and implement control fields for robust ion trap quantum logic. The rapid progress in the scale of ion trap devices expected in the coming years means new leaps in our understanding of the physical world could happen at any moment.
Suppl. File 6 from Within-population variability in a moth sex pheromone blend, part 2: selection towards fixation
Creators: name: Groot, Astrid T.
name: Wijk, Michiel Van
name: Villacis-Perez, Ernesto
name: Kuperus, Peter
name: Schöfl, Gerhard
name: Veldhuizen, Dennis Van
name: Heckel, David G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Gels showing the intron-size polymorphism of the second intron of LPAQ delta-11-desaturase.
A monoclonal antibody to the insect prothoracicotropic hormone
Creators: name: Flanagan, T. R.
name: Bollenbacher, W. E.
name: Arnold, L. W.
name: Katahira, E. J.
name: O'Brien, M. A.
name: Haughton, G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: The prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) is an insect cerebral peptide that stimulates the prothoracic glands to produce the steroid hormone ecdysone thus initiating molting and metamorphosis. "Big" PTTH, one of several molecular forms of the neurohormone, was isolated from brains of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, and fractionated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for use in antibody production. A murine polyclonal antiserum and a monoclonal antibody (MAb) have been generated using this highly purified preparation of big PTTH. Antisera and hybridoma supernatants were screened with an indirect, brain whole-mount immunocytological assay, and antibody specificity was confirmed by immunocytological, ELISA, and functional criteria. In brain whole-mount preparations, the MAb (A2H5) and antiserum specifically immunostained the lateral protocerebral neurosecretory cells (L-NSC III), the prothoracicotropes, which produce PTTH. This immunostaining was blocked by preadsorbing the antibodies with big PTTH. Analysis of the elution of HPLC-fractionated big PTTH with an in vitro bioassay for the neurohormone and an ELISA employing the A2H5 MAb resulted in peaks of activity that were superimposable. Finally, the antiserum and A2H5 MAb inhibited big PTTH activation of the prothoracic glands to synthesize ecdysone in the in vitro bioassay for the neurohormone. With these specific antibodies, the organization of the PTTH neuroendocrine axis has been defined. It is now evident that both of the peptidergic neurons that comprise the L-NSC III are prothoracicotropes, and that the corpora allata are the neurohemal organs for the release of big PTTH into the hemolymph. This study indicates that these specific antibodies will be useful in investigations of numerous aspects of the biology of this cerebral neuroendocrine axis.
(1427) Sarah Jane Atkinson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A persistent, TTX-sensitive sodium current in an invertebrate neuron with neurosecretory ultrastructure
Creators: name: Stuart, A. E.
name: Davis, R. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: In the CNS of the giant barnacle (Balanus nubilus) a single pair of large neuronal somata (cross-commissural, or CC, cells), located near the entry of the median ocellar nerve, occasionally displays a prominent whitish luster. These somata have ultrastructure typical of neurosecretory cells: numerous Golgi complexes and abundant, large dense-cored vesicles (DCVs; size range, 75-275 nm). Injection of a CC cell with cobalt tracer shows that it arborizes over a 7 mm length of the contralateral peripheral nerve out of which it projects. The processes of the arbor are profuse and varicose; the varicosities are packed with DCVs similar to those in the soma. Stimulation of a single CC cell causes a substantial decrease in the number of DCVs and increases the incidence of clusters of small electron-lucent vesicles, as well as the occurrence of large electron-lucent vesicles and membrane-bound cisternae. We studied ionic currents flowing across this cell's somatic membrane with a single-electrode voltage clamp. Unusual among these currents is an inward current that is blocked by TTX but is essentially noninactivating. In current clamp, this "persistent" current causes the action potential to be prolonged (seconds) if opposing outward current is blocked with 4-aminopyridine. The inward current is carried by Na. Its amplitude depends on the external Na concentration, it is blockable by TTX, and it persists when the cell is bathed in Ca-free saline and/or Co. Other currents present in this cell include an outward current similar to molluscan A-current and a Ca current that contributes to the action potential (Stockbridge and Ross, 1986). The persistent Na current is partially activated at the cell's resting potential and, thus, may participate in determining the frequency of its impulse activity.
Antagonism and mutual dependency: critial models of performance and “Piano Interpretation Schools”
Creators: name: Cruz, Rui
name: Lourenço, Sofia
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts
Year: 2011

description: To polarize and, coincidently, intersect two different concepts, in terms of a distinction/analogy between “piano interpretation schools” and “critical models” is the aim of this paper. The former, with its prior connotations of both empiricism and dogmatism and not directly shaped by aesthetic criteria or interpretational ideals, depends mainly on the aural and oral tradition as well the teacher-student legacy; the latter employs ideally the generic criteria of interpretativeness, which can be measured in accordance to an aesthetic formula and can include features such as non-obviousness, inferentially, lack of consensus, concern with meaning or significance, concern with structure or design, etc. The relative autonomy of the former is a challenge to the latter, which embraces the range of perspectives available in the horizon of the history of ideas about music and interpretation. The effort of recognizing models of criticism within musical interpretation creates the vehicle for new understandings of the nature and the historical development of Western classical piano performance, promoting also the production of quality critical argument and the communication of key performance tendencies and styles.
description: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts, v. 3 n. 1 (2011)
Fragile entanglement statistics
Creators: name: Brody, Dorje C.
name: Hughston, Lane P.
name: Meier, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If X and Y are independent, Y and Z are independent, and so are X and Z, one might be tempted to conclude that X, Y, and Z are independent. But it has long been known in classical probability theory that, intuitive as it may seem, this is not true in general. In quantum mechanics one can ask whether analogous statistics can emerge for configurations of particles in certain types of entangled states. The explicit construction of such states, along with the specification of suitable sets of observables that have the purported statistical properties, is not entirely straightforward. We show that an example of such a configuration arises in the case of an N-particle GHZ state, and we are able to identify a family of observables with the property that the associated measurement outcomes are independent for any choice of 2, 3, ..., N-1 of the particles, even though the measurement outcomes for all N particles are not independent. Although such states are highly entangled, the entanglement turns out to be 'fragile', i.e. the associated density matrix has the property that if one traces out the freedom associated with even a single particle, the resulting reduced density matrix is separable.
description: 17 pages, version to appear in J. Phys. A