cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testing theories of performance: measuring effectiveness at the United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General Office of Audit
Creators: name: Sharkey, Mimi Alejandra
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: engaged employees
motivation
pay for performance policy
performance measures

description: A qualitative design and case study method was used to examine the theories of performance and to measure the effectiveness of the United States Postal Service (USPS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) Office of Audit (OA). The most important finding of this research was the impact of having employees engaged in the mission of the organization; having a clear assessment and determination of progress towards that mission defined as a composite of interrelated performance measures and key indicators of success; and assuring that employees can translate and utilize these tools of performance.

Herzberg‟s two-factor theory distinguishing extrinsic and intrinsic motivators, and his position that the most important were “recognition, work, responsibility, and advancement” (Accel, 2009) served as the theoretical framework for the research in this study, particularly the analysis of performance motivation in the work place. In addition, a central hypothesis in the study is derived from Frankl‟s belief that individuals want and need meaning in their lives. This proposition best summarizes how the mission of an organization, and the role that an individual plays in that organization, can lead to the most productive and engaged employees and a better performing organization. This hypothesis is confirmed by the USPS OIG OA performance data analysis in the study and is consistent with the findings of the Office of Personnel Management Federal Human Capital Survey and the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board Merit Principles Survey results.

Frankl‟s premise best explains how a federal audit organization can achieve its intended results by having a workforce that is primarily focused on the mission of the organization, and by having individual performance measures related to the success of that organization. The study findings have significant implications for theories linking individual performance to organizational, policy and program performance; as well as for agencies seeking to link incentives for individual performance to overall agency performance.
title: British Projects and Activities in the Philippines: 1759-1805.
Creators: name: Julian, Elisa Atayde
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1963

description: British projects and activities in the Philippines during the period 1759 - 1805 coincided with important politico-economic developments in Europe, and particularly with those within the British and Spanish empires. European and imperial developments, indeed, provide the background and starting point of the events covered by this study. To the English, the importance of the Philippine area, in fact, of the whole Malaysian Archipelago, lay in its bullion resources which the expanding China trade was chronically in need of. The Eastern islands were a source of products for which there was a demand in the China market, besides being a consumers' depot for British trade goods, in particular, Indian piece-goods and opium. The islands were also a potential market for British manufactures. Strategically, they constituted a vital link not only in the defense of the Indian settlements but also in the security of the English commerce between India and China. An English settlement established amongst the islands would thus create a vast network of exchange of Malaysian, Indian, Chinese, and European goods. A period of sustained British interest in the Philippines commenced with Dalrymple's voyage from India to the lands further east, bringing him, amongst other places, to the Sulu islands which the Spaniards had been hard put to annex to their Eastern possessions, and which now form part of the Republic of the Philippines. Almost simultaneously with this voyage, an expedition was planned and launched against Manila, the capital of the Spanish Philippines. The outcome of the first event was the establishment of the first English settlement in Balambangan, an island belonging to the Sulus. The expedition to Manila was a military success, but on balance proved fruitless to either the English King who sanctioned it or the East India Company which aided it. Other projects followed, calculated to tap the bullion resources of the Spanish-American trade converging in Manila and also the possibilities of trade and cultivation amongst the Philippine islands. The fruits of these projects were not immediately enjoyed, but British interests in the Manila trade were firmly established before the end of our period. In fact, toward the end of the Spanish rule, the Philippine export and import trade had become concentrated in English hands. Meanwhile, Dalrymple's exertions with the Sulus had also paid off with the cession to a British company of the Sulu Sultan's territories in Borneo.
Life, Labor, and Value: Recreating Affective Food Ecologies Through Interspecies Cooperation
Creators: name: Baldwin, Jeff
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Torino
Year: 2016

description: As our most complex and intimate relationship with wider environments, food and agriculture provide important opportunities for exploring affective ecologies. Here I re-visit some of the ways that Modern constructs of humans as radically different from environments and of value as a function of exchange work to produce agricultural systems that are ever less affective and more problematic. In an effort to construct value in a way more applicable to the whole of our biosphere, and not only to humans, I take up an explicitly non-Modern Heraclitean perspective which conceives of all life as essentially relational. I then extend Marx’s anthropocentric work to argue that all life labors to organize stocks and flows in environments which it finds useful and thus valuable. As co-adaptation illustrates, life often produces value by finding usefulness in the by-products of other lives. Thus, we may understand ecological relationships as guided by the creation of abundance rather than the imposition of scarcity. From the Marxist tradition I then enlist the concepts of cooperation, which produces value synergistically, and exploitation which destroys the ability to create value, to suggest a basis for the evaluation of socio-natural trajectories, for creating more and less affective food ecologies.
description: Visions for Sustainability, No 6 (2016): (in press)
title: Slavery in the Bengal Presidency Under East India Company Rule, 1772-1843.
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Amal Kumar
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1963

description: The thesis is an attempt to trace the history of slavery and its abolition in the Bengal Presidency under the East India Company's rule from 1772 to 1843. The first Chapter defines slavery and traces its history in the early and medieval periods of Indian history before the advent of the British power. It explains the reasons for its sanction as a punishment for the armed dacoits in 1772, and the various sources of slavery and the ways the slaves were procured during the Company's rule. The second chapter deals with domestic slavery in the Bengal Presidency in Hindu, Muslim and European families in the late eighteenth and the first half of the 19th century. The third Chapter is a detailed study of agrestic slavery in the Bengal Presidency and its importance as a social and economic institution in the Country. The fourth Chapter surveys the history of the seaborne slave-trade and deals with the measures taken by the Company's Government and the British Parliament to secure its gradual abolition. The fifth and sixth Chapters are devoted to two areas, Assam and Arakan, which stand rather apart, in the social and political structure from the rest of the Bengal Presidency. The seventh Chapter seeks to examine the British attitude towards slavery and the slave trade in India and gives an account of the ameliorative measures taken by the Company's Government and the British Parliament to suppress slavery and slave-trade. The roles played by the utilitarians and by such Company officials as Richardson, Metcalfe, Leycester, Harrington and Neufville to abolish slavery from India are considered and the reason for their failure. The eighth Chapter discusses the economic and social changes in Britain which led to the emergence of an anti-slavery movement strong enough to secure the institution of the Law Commission. It concludes with a study of the Law Commission's work and the abolition of slavery in 1843.
title: The Bengali Reaction to Christian Missionary Activities, 1833-1857.
Creators: name: Ali, Muhammad Mohar
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1963

description: This thesis deals with the Bengali reaction to Christian missionary activities, 1833-1857, a hitherto unexplored field of study. Three main aspects of that reaction have been examined, viz., (1) the reaction to evangelising efforts in general, (2) the reaction to specific conversions to Christianity and (3) the reaction of the landed aristocracy in particular to the spread of Christianity in the mufassal. Under the first heading is discussed how the Hindu reform movement of the period, conducted by the Tattvabodhini Sabha in alliance with the Brahma Samaj, was inspired mainly by missionary activities and how its course was influenced by missionary criticisms. The nature and effects of the Hindu anti-missionary propaganda are then discussed; and against the background of these two the reaction to missionary as well as Government education policy is noted. The reaction to conversions to Christianity had also three features: (a) attempts to reclaim the Christian converts to Hinduism, (b) attempts to enforce caste disabilities upon converts, and (c) violence upon missionaries and converts. These have been discussed with reference to the social and legal problems that they gave rise to and the attitude of Government towards them. The spread of Christianity in the mufassal roused, for certain reasons, the jealousy and hostility of zamindars and indigo-planters. In the last section, therefore, the relationship between the landed aristocracy and the missionaries has been discussed, noting particularly the missionary advocacy for reform and the agitation that such demand for reform occasioned among zamindars and planters. The measures adopted by missionaries for protecting converts against the hostility of their landlords have also been discussed in this connection. The conclusion that emerges is that though the missionary activities roused strong religious opposition from Hindus and Muslims alike, the rural masses had, in so far as their economic interests were concerned, their real friends in the missionaries.
title: Boundaries in Africa: A Case Study of the Diplomatic Evolution and Legal Aspects of the International Boundaries of the Sudan, With Special Emphasis on the Boundary With Egypt.
Creators: name: El Gaali, Bukhari Abdalla
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1975

description: This thesis is an attempt to examine the origins of the present international boundaries of the Sudan, to trace their diplomatic evolution, to consider their legal aspects and to state their present status. Special emphasis is laid on the boundary between the Sudan and Egypt because it represents a dormant dispute which must eventually be resolved. The thesis is mainly based upon original and unpublished documents collected by the author from the files of: the Boundary Department in the Ministry of the Interior in the Sudan, the Sudanese Central Archives, the Department of Survey, the Sudan Embassy in Cairo and the Public Records Office in London. The author of the thesis, as Secretary of the Sudanese International Boundaries Commission, and as a member of several Joint Boundary Committees, not only had access to first-hand documents and files and was personally involved in joint boundary negotiations, but also attended boundary meetings where many discussions took place off the record. Part One, an introductory general Survey, is treated as a useful background for studying the boundaries of a State which has common international boundaries with eight other African States. Part Two, forming the main body of this work, examines more closely the diplomatic evolution and legal aspects of the eight boundaries of the Sudan. Chapter VII, dealing with the Sudan-Egypt boundary, reveals that the so-called Anglo-Egyptian Condominium over the Sudan was an illusion; it shows how far a de facto boundary can override a de jure boundary through acquiescence, estoppel and recognition; and it suggests that a political freezing of a boundary dispute without a settlement may add more implications to the unsettled dispute in general and to the question of the critical date in particular. Part Three concludes that, while the interplay of political and legal factors has always existed and has always exercised a marked influence upon the evolution of these boundaries in the pre-independence era, the same interplay between diplomatic and legal factors will have an important bearing upon the final determination of the unsettled issues.
Centripetal force on Casimir energies in $κ$-deformed rotating frame
Creators: name: Harikumar, E.
name: Shajesh, K. V.
name: Panja, Suman Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the implications of a fundamental length scale on the centripetal force on a rotating Casimir apparatus in $κ$-space-time. We model the Casimir apparatus rotating with constant angular speed using appropriate $κ$-deformed coordinates. We find the $κ$-deformed centripetal force on a single plate, as well as for parallel plates. We show that the Casimir energy, including the divergent part (self energies of the plates) experiences centripetal forces like a conventional mass. We also find centripetal force on oriented parallel plates rotating with constant angular speed in $κ$-space-time. Results show that the mass-energy equivalence principle holds in the $κ$-space-time.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2404.10300
Enhancing Low-Resource Relation Representations through Multi-View Decoupling
Creators: name: Fan, Chenghao
name: Wei, Wei
name: Qu, Xiaoye
name: Lu, Zhenyi
name: Xie, Wenfeng
name: Cheng, Yu
name: Chen, Dangyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, prompt-tuning with pre-trained language models (PLMs) has demonstrated the significantly enhancing ability of relation extraction (RE) tasks. However, in low-resource scenarios, where the available training data is scarce, previous prompt-based methods may still perform poorly for prompt-based representation learning due to a superficial understanding of the relation. To this end, we highlight the importance of learning high-quality relation representation in low-resource scenarios for RE, and propose a novel prompt-based relation representation method, named MVRE (\underline{M}ulti-\underline{V}iew \underline{R}elation \underline{E}xtraction), to better leverage the capacity of PLMs to improve the performance of RE within the low-resource prompt-tuning paradigm. Specifically, MVRE decouples each relation into different perspectives to encompass multi-view relation representations for maximizing the likelihood during relation inference. Furthermore, we also design a Global-Local loss and a Dynamic-Initialization method for better alignment of the multi-view relation-representing virtual words, containing the semantics of relation labels during the optimization learning process and initialization. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets show that our method can achieve state-of-the-art in low-resource settings.
description: Accepted to AAAI 2024
Continuum modeling of size-segregation and flow in dense, bidisperse granular media: Accounting for segregation driven by both pressure gradients and shear-strain-rate gradients
Creators: name: Singh, Harkirat
name: Liu, Daren
name: Henann, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dense mixtures of particles of varying size tend to segregate based on size during flow. Granular size-segregation plays an important role in many industrial and geophysical processes, but the development of coupled, continuum models capable of predicting the evolution of segregation dynamics and flow fields in dense granular media across different geometries has remained a longstanding challenge. One reason is because size-segregation stems from two driving forces: (1) pressure gradients and (2) shear-strain-rate gradients. Another reason is due to the challenge of integrating segregation models with rheological constitutive equations for dense granular flow. In this paper, we build upon our prior work, which combined a model for shear-strain-rate-gradient-driven segregation with a nonlocal continuum model for dense granular flow rheology, and append a model for pressure-gradient-driven segregation. We perform discrete element method (DEM) simulations of dense flow of bidisperse granular systems in two flow geometries, in which both segregation driving forces are present: namely, inclined plane flow and planar shear flow with gravity. Steady-state DEM data from inclined plane flow is used to determine the dimensionless material parameters in the pressure-gradient-driven segregation model for both spheres and disks. Then, predictions of the coupled, continuum model accounting for both driving forces are tested against DEM simulation results across different cases of both inclined plane flow and planar shear flow with gravity, while varying parameters such as the size of the flow geometry, the driving conditions of flow, and the initial conditions. Overall, we find that it is crucial to account for both driving forces to capture segregation dynamics in dense, bidisperse granular media across both flow geometries with a single set of parameters.
description: 25 pages with 9 figures
Biophilia as Emotion
Creators: name: Barbiero, Giuseppe
name: Marconato, Chiara
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Torino
Year: 2016

description: Biophilia is defined as the innate human tendency to experience a bond or deep connection  with other forms of life. It is innate, but not instinctive, and it is based on a set of learning rules that appear to be genetically determined. The ways through which biophilia is manifested strongly suggest that would be best described as an emotion, intended as an immediate and consequent reaction to a natural stimulus, which may be positive (biophilia, sensu strictu) or negative (biophobia). In this article, we will attempt to contextualise biophilia and biophobia within the two principle theories of emotional development in the child: the Socioemotional Development Model by L.A. Sroufe and the Differential Emotion Theory by C.E. Izard. Whatever the origin and ontological development of biophilia may be, it is clear that the biophilic emotion constitutes a fundamental resource available to all human beings who are aware of their dependence upon the natural processes of this world, from which each of us draws physical, psychological and spiritual nourishment.
description: Visions for Sustainability, No 6 (2016): (in press)
The FAST HI 21-cm absorption blind survey. II. -- Statistic Exploration for Associated and Intervening systems
Creators: name: Hu, Wenkai
name: Wang, Yougang
name: Li, Yichao
name: Pen, Ue-Li
name: Wang, Jie
name: Jing, Yingjie
name: Zhu, Ming
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Yang, Wenxiu
name: Xu, Yidong
name: Chen, Xu
name: Chen, Jingze
name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Li, Di
name: Chen, Xuelei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extragalactic HI 21-cm absorption lines catalog from a blind search at z $\leqslant$ 0.35, using drift-scan data collected in 1325.6 hours by the ongoing Commensal Radio Astronomy FasT Survey (CRAFTS) and FAST All Sky HI Survey (FASHI), which spans a sky area of 6072.0 deg$^{2}$ and covers 84533 radio sources with a flux density greater than 12 mJy. 14 previously identified HI absorbers and 20 newly discovered HI absorbers were detected, comprising 15 associated systems, 10 intervening systems, and 9 systems with undetermined classifications. Through spectral stacking, the mean peak optical path, mean velocity-integrated optical path, mean FWHM and mean HI column density are measured to be 0.47 and 0.30; 27.19 and 4.36 km s$^{-1}$; 42.61 and 9.33 km s$^{-1}$; 0.49 and 0.08 T$_{s} \times$ 10$^{20}$cm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$, for the associated and intervening samples, respectively. Statistical analysis also reveals that associated systems tend to be hosted by red ($g-r>$0.7) galaxies at lower redshifts, whereas galaxies hosting intervening HI absorption are typically found at higher redshifts and are of a bluer ($g-r\leqslant$0.7) type. A noticeable difference is observed in the positions of foregrounds, backgrounds of intervening systems, and high-redshift and low-redshift associated systems on the WISE color-color diagram. All identified foreground sources in our sample have W1-W2 magnitudes below 0.8, suggesting no Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). In contrast, backgrounds of intervening systems tend to have W1-W2 magnitudes above 0.8, indicating AGN presence. For associated absorption, most low-redshift ($z\leqslant$0.5) systems show W1-W2 values below 0.8, while higher-redshift associated absorption ($z>$0.5) displays a broader range of W1-W2 values.
description: 33 pages, 41 figures, 5 tables
Looking Back and Moving Sideways: Following the Gandhian Approach as the Underlying Thread for a Sustainable Science and Education
Creators: name: Colucci-Gray, Laura
name: Camino, Elena
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Torino
Year: 2016

description: In his ‘Constructive Program’, Gandhi proposed a re-thinking of structures, systems, processes, and resources to promote self-sufficiency and unity in a community, for the ‘Sarvodaya’ (benefit for all). In this contribution, we draw upon the encounters we had with some of the people who embraced the ideals of Gandhi to re-view aims and pedagogical practice in science education. The key dimensions of community learning, dialogue, multiplicity of perspectives and creativity in practical work set the basis for an education which sustains the cognitive as well as the social, emotional and spiritual development of all students. Examples of activities conducted in a variety of teaching contexts are described with a view to extending Gandhi's insights to current discussions about science education for sustainability and socio-environmental justice.
description: Visions for Sustainability, No 6 (2016): (in press)
Towards Trustworthy Dataset Distillation
Creators: name: Ma, Shijie
name: Zhu, Fei
name: Cheng, Zhen
name: Zhang, Xu-Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Efficiency and trustworthiness are two eternal pursuits when applying deep learning in real-world applications. With regard to efficiency, dataset distillation (DD) endeavors to reduce training costs by distilling the large dataset into a tiny synthetic dataset. However, existing methods merely concentrate on in-distribution (InD) classification in a closed-world setting, disregarding out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. On the other hand, OOD detection aims to enhance models' trustworthiness, which is always inefficiently achieved in full-data settings. For the first time, we simultaneously consider both issues and propose a novel paradigm called Trustworthy Dataset Distillation (TrustDD). By distilling both InD samples and outliers, the condensed datasets are capable of training models competent in both InD classification and OOD detection. To alleviate the requirement of real outlier data, we further propose to corrupt InD samples to generate pseudo-outliers, namely Pseudo-Outlier Exposure (POE). Comprehensive experiments on various settings demonstrate the effectiveness of TrustDD, and POE surpasses the state-of-the-art method Outlier Exposure (OE). Compared with the preceding DD, TrustDD is more trustworthy and applicable to open-world scenarios. Our code is available at https://github.com/mashijie1028/TrustDD
description: Accepted to Pattern Recognition 2024
Short-range order and hidden energy scale in geometrically frustrated magnets
Creators: name: Ramirez, Arthur P.
name: Syzranov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In geometrically frustrated (GF) magnets, conventional long-range order is suppressed due to the presence of primitive triangular structural units, and the nature of the ensuing ground state remains elusive. One class of candidate states, extensively sought in experiments and vigorously studied theoretically, is the quantum spin liquid (QSL), a magnetically-disordered state in which all spins participate in a quantum-coherent many-body state. Randomly located impurities, present in all materials, may prevent QSL formation and instead lead to the formation of a spin-glass state. In this article, we review available data on the specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, and neutron scattering in GF materials. Such data show that a pure GF magnet possesses a characteristic ``hidden energy scale'' significantly exceeded by the other microscopic energy scales in the material. When cooled down to a temperature below the hidden energy scale, a GF material develops significant short-range order that dominates its properties and, in particular, dictates the spin-glass transition temperature for experimentally accessible impurity densities. We review the manifestations of short-range order in the commonly observed thermodynamics quantities in GF materials, possible scenarios for the hidden energy scale, and related open questions.
description: 43 pages, 5 figures, a review article
Gouy phase and quantum interference with cross-Wigner functions for matter-waves
Creators: name: Marinho, Lucas S.
name: Dieguez, Pedro R.
name: Vieira, Carlos H. S.
name: da Paz, Irismar G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gouy phase is essential for accurately describing various wave phenomena, ranging from classical electromagnetic waves to matter waves and quantum optics. In this work, we employ phase-space methods based on the cross-Wigner transformation to analyze spatial and temporal interference in the evolution of matter waves characterized initially by a correlated Gaussian wave packet. First, we consider the cross-Wigner of the initial function with its free evolution, and second for the evolution through a double-slit arrangement. Different from the wave function which acquires a global Gouy phase, we find that the cross-Wigner acquires a Gouy phase difference due to different evolution times. The results suggest that temporal like-Gouy phases are important for an accurate description of temporal interference. Furthermore, we propose a technique based on the Wigner function to reconstruct the cross-Wigner from the spatial intensity interference term in a double-slit experiment with matter waves.
Supplemental_material – Supplemental material for RSM-BBD Optimization of Fenton-Like Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol Using Magnetite Impregnated Kaolin
Creators: name: Neway Belachew
name: Redeat Fekadu
name: Amare Ayalew Abebe
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplemental material, Supplemental_material for RSM-BBD Optimization of Fenton-Like Degradation of 4-Nitrophenol Using Magnetite Impregnated Kaolin by Neway Belachew, Redeat Fekadu and Amare Ayalew Abebe in Air, Soil and Water Research
Labeling Methods for Partially Ordered Paths
Creators: name: Euler, Ricardo
name: Casas, Pedro Maristany de las
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The landscape of applications and subroutines relying on shortest path computations continues to grow steadily. This growth is driven by the undeniable success of shortest path algorithms in theory and practice. It also introduces new challenges as the models and assessing the optimality of paths become more complicated. Hence, multiple recent publications in the field adapt existing labeling methods in an ad hoc fashion to their specific problem variant without considering the underlying general structure: they always deal with multi-criteria scenarios, and those criteria define different partial orders on the paths. In this paper, we introduce the partial order shortest path problem (POSP), a generalization of the multi-objective shortest path problem (MOSP) and in turn also of the classical shortest path problem. POSP captures the particular structure of many shortest path applications as special cases. In this generality, we study optimality conditions or the lack of them, depending on the objective functions' properties. Our final contribution is a big lookup table summarizing our findings and providing the reader with an easy way to choose among the most recent multi-criteria shortest path algorithms depending on their problems' weight structure. Examples range from time-dependent shortest path and bottleneck path problems to the electric vehicle shortest path problem with recharging and complex financial weight functions studied in the public transportation community. Our results hold for general digraphs and, therefore, surpass previous generalizations that were limited to acyclic graphs.
Researching The Sustainability of Teacher Professional Development
Creators: name: Dodman, Martin
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Torino
Year: 2016

description: This paper looks at ways of researching the sustainability of teacher professional development. The focus is placed on the relationships within and between learning environments and teacher professional profiles. Two principal perspectives are proposed linking the concepts of autopoiesis, organization and structure as a model for analysing these relationships and those of resilience, transformability and force-field analysis for investigating the sustainability of change and consequent development.
description: Visions for Sustainability, No 6 (2016): (in press)
CRA-PCN: Point Cloud Completion with Intra- and Inter-level Cross-Resolution Transformers
Creators: name: Rong, Yi
name: Zhou, Haoran
name: Yuan, Lixin
name: Mei, Cheng
name: Wang, Jiahao
name: Lu, Tong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Point cloud completion is an indispensable task for recovering complete point clouds due to incompleteness caused by occlusion, limited sensor resolution, etc. The family of coarse-to-fine generation architectures has recently exhibited great success in point cloud completion and gradually became mainstream. In this work, we unveil one of the key ingredients behind these methods: meticulously devised feature extraction operations with explicit cross-resolution aggregation. We present Cross-Resolution Transformer that efficiently performs cross-resolution aggregation with local attention mechanisms. With the help of our recursive designs, the proposed operation can capture more scales of features than common aggregation operations, which is beneficial for capturing fine geometric characteristics. While prior methodologies have ventured into various manifestations of inter-level cross-resolution aggregation, the effectiveness of intra-level one and their combination has not been analyzed. With unified designs, Cross-Resolution Transformer can perform intra- or inter-level cross-resolution aggregation by switching inputs. We integrate two forms of Cross-Resolution Transformers into one up-sampling block for point generation, and following the coarse-to-fine manner, we construct CRA-PCN to incrementally predict complete shapes with stacked up-sampling blocks. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a large margin on several widely used benchmarks. Codes are available at https://github.com/EasyRy/CRA-PCN.
description: Accepted to AAAI 2024
title: Wage Differentials and Economic Development in Nigeria, 1947-1967.
Creators: name: Fajana, Festus Olufemi
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1971

description: This is a case study of pay differentials in an underdeveloped country - Nigeria. In it an attempt is made to (1) provide quantitative estimates of the size and trend of (a) Inter-Skill, (b) Clerical-Manual, (c) High/Low-level manpower, (d) Sectoral and (e) Inter and Intra-Industry differentials; (2) offer hypotheses to explain the observed size and trend of these differentials; (3) appraise the performance of the pay structure in terms of economic efficiency and equity and (4) advance some recommendations aimed at improving the efficacy of the country's pay structure as an instrument of economic development policy. The study reveals that occupational differentials (i.e. (a) to (c) above) in Nigeria, although very wide as compared with the size of such differentials in developed countries, have tended to become compressed over time. On the other hand Nigerian sectoral and industrial differentials appear, inspite of their large size, to have widened. Neither the compression of occupational nor the widening of sectoral and industrial differentials was uniformly spread over time, each being particularly marked in the years of major review of pay by the government. In the determination of these differentials market forces have played a limited or passive role. The crucial determinants have been institutional forces, especially the actions and policies of the government and trade unions. Owing to the haphazard nature of its development and the lack of planning with which wage and income issues have been approached in the country, the Nigerian pay structure was found to be defective as an instrument for allocating manpower into desired sectors and occupations, for mobilising domestic resources for economic development and for achieving equitable distribution of income. To improve the efficacy of the pay structure as an instrument of economic development policy, it is recommended that a National Incomes Commission, which, inter alia, will bring income issues into the area of systematic planning, should be established.
title: Riot and Revolution in Singapore and Malaya 1945-1963.
Creators: name: Clutterbuck, Richard Lewis
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1971

description: This Thesis covers an urban and rural guerilla insurgency carried out simultaneously by the Malayan Communist Party (MCP), and is focussed mainly on the point of contact between the revolutionaries and the people. In Singapore, the study concentrates on the revolutionary organisations amongst Chinese students and in the trade unions, and later on their attempt to gain control of the political party in power. On the government side particular attention has been paid to police intelligence and riot control. In the rural insurgency, the main fields of study have been the MCP's "parallel hierarchy" of government which extended through the jungle to the underground organisation amongst the Chinese village population; and the evolution of the government's technique (and especially of its police intelligence system) for identifying and digging out the roots of this underground organisation, thereby finding and destroying a guerilla army and political hierarchy widely dispersed in dense jungle. The early years of the Emergency have been only briefly sketched. These have been well covered elsewhere, and it was in the later years (1953-58) that both the guerillas' organisation and the government's technique for uprooting it reached their peak of refinement. The two conflicts, urban and rural, have been analysed in relation to the current controversy amongst revolutionary thinkers between those who support the classical philosophy of Lenin and Mao Tse Tung, with their stress on developing a strong organisation amongst the people before launching a campaign of violence, and writers of the New Left such as Fanon and Debray, who reject such delay and commend immediate and continuing confrontation and violence as a better means of rallying popular support. The conclusion supports the classical school, and underlines the indispensability of a viable organisation if a revolutionary movement is to prevail against a determined government.
title: The Establishment and Development of British Administration in the Niger Delta With Special Reference to the Work and Letters of C. M. Macdonald 1889-1895.
Creators: name: Webb, Anthony William
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1970

description: Chapter one examines the reasons for the establishment of a British protectorate over the Lower Niger in 1885, and the placing of part of the Protectorate under the administration of a Chartered Company, leaving the other part under a Consul. In chapter two the early career of Macdonald is examined providing the necessary personal background to the central figure in the work. The years 1886-9 saw the breakdown of consular administration in the Niger Delta, accusations against the Company's administration, and government policy of extending the Charter over the coastal region coming under increasing attack. Doubts as to the future government of the area, and German pressure, caused Britain to appoint a commissioner to make a comprehensive enquiry in a bid to settle all problems (chapter three). The enquiry conducted by Macdonald and its results are discussed in chapter four. Chapters five and six deal with the mechanics of the new administration for the coastal region. Chapters seven, eight and nine look at the administration's policy towards trade and the missions; its attempts at hinterland penetration as part of the process of civilisation; and its relations with its neighbours during a period of general progress up to 1894. During the latter part of 1894 and throughout 1895 the administration went through a series of political crises which determined the government after enquiry to establish a greater control over its functions. A resurgence of enthusiasm at the Colonial Office for ruling subject peoples meant that greater control took the form of a more orthodox colonial administration which passed from the purview of the Foreign Office in 1900 (chapter ten). The conclusion assesses Macdonald the person, the significance of his report, and the administration emerging from it.
title: The Law Relating to Children and Young Persons Under the Customary and Statutory Laws of Nigeria With Special Reference to Lagos and Western States of Nigeria.
Creators: name: Oloyede, Ephraim Oyebade
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1970

description: This is the first attempt to single out Children and Young Persons for treatment under the customary law, local statutes and received laws relating to them in Nigeria, particularly in Lagos and Western States of Nigeria. The reason for undertaking this study is not only to draw attention to the recognition of this class of persons within the legal system, but also to point out the defects in the existing dualism of laws as affecting children and young persons. Accordingly, the first Chapter deals with the background to the legal status of children and young persons, leading on to the problems of legitimacy and legitimation as well as adoption and guardianship. In Chapters Four and Five, the capacity and incapacity of children and young persons to do a particular legal act is examined as well as the conflicts in the concept of the age of majority. Chapter Six deals with the problem of custody and maintenance and the application of the Welfare Principle both under the customary and statutory laws; the Chapter on Education reveals the problem of a nation with insatiable appetite for the Western education system, limited only by the financial resources available and Chapter Eight surveys the extent and problem of juvenile delinquency in Yoruba society and the measures of treatment - both preventive and curative - available. Chapter Nine contains a reflection on all that has been discussed in previous Chapters with concrete suggestions for the integration of customary and statutory laws, in order to make the law certain with respect to children and young persons.
title: The Life and Social Conditions of Women in the Primitive Islamic Community As Depicted in the 8th Volume of the "Tabaqat al-Kubra" of Ibn Sa'd and the 6th Volume of the "Musnad" of Ibn Hanbal.
Creators: name: Stern, G. H.
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1937

description: This thesis is intended as a contribution to the study of the social conditions in the early Islamic community at Makkah and al-Madinah during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad. Its immediate object is limited to presenting an exhaustive analysis of the traditions relating to women which are contained in the volumes specially devoted to women in two of the most comprehensive early collections of Islamic Traditions (hadith). The value of these collections for this purpose lies in the fact that they were the compilations of men whose interes in the traditions was not confined to those which could serve as a basis for law and theology, Ibn Sa'd's work being largely biographical, while Ibn Hanbal was concerned especially with tracing the traditions to their sources. The two books selected as the basis of the investigation, therefore, form together the most representative collection of traditional material relating to the women of the Islamic community. The materials so obtained are arranged under the following headings, Introduction, Childhood, Preliminaries of Marriage, Marriage, Status of the Widow, Inheritance, Religion, Slavery, Occupations of Women, Funeral Rites. In each chapter all relevant traditions are critically examined and, where possible, evaluated - the isnads, or chains of guarantors, according to the standard Arabic works, and the matns or texts from the point of view of their logical coherence with the rest of the materials. No such detailed study of the sociological contents of any section of Hadith-material has hitherto been made, and the thesis represents a first attempt to work out and apply a new technique of investigation. In some cases, positive results have been difficult to obtain owing to the insufficiency of the data; but a great deal of light has been thrown on several obscure problems, and incidentally upon the value of the traditional Islamic criticism of hadith-narrators and guarantors.
title: The Revenue Administration of the Northern Sarkars 1759-1786.
Creators: name: Sundaram, Lanka
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 1930

description: The Northern Sarkars rank among the earliest possessions of the East India Company. Clive's foresight and the vigilance of the Madras government resulted in the procuration of the imperial farman of 1765 and in the treaties of 1766 and 1768 with Nizam Ali and Hyderabad by which the Company had acquired them. Until 1769 the Sarkars had been given up to anarchy and misrule. Hussain Ali was the principal party to the dual administration maintained in the country before the Madras government took direct responsibility in that year. The Chica-cole Sarkar, where Sitarama Razu's power had been predominant, was administered on a different footing altogether. In 1769 the government did away with renters and intermediaries but were faced with problems requiring experience and vision. Mistakes were committed, but the appointment of the Circuit Committee in 1777 augured the better goverment of the Sarkars. But Rumbold complicated the revenue administration by the Madras settlement of 1778. Though partly Justified by the political exigencies of the time and by inherent administrative merits, his settlement unravelled the corrupt practices typical of the times. The reformist attitude of the Court of Directors found Lord Macartney only too willing to make a beginning in the reorganisation of revenue affairs on efficient lines, and the investigations of the later Committees of Circuit greatly furthered his work. The creation of the Board of Revenue in 1786 ensured the future good government of the Sarkars.
Supplemental Material, CCX-19-0211.R1_-_Registration - S-1 Maintenance Therapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer—A Randomized Clinical Study
Creators: name: Keke Nie
name: Xiuhui Guo
name: Yunhong You
name: Xingjun Zhuang
name: Chunling Zhang
name: Youxin Ji
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111299 Oncology and Carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental Material, CCX-19-0211.R1_-_Registration for S-1 Maintenance Therapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer—A Randomized Clinical Study by Keke Nie, Xiuhui Guo, Yunhong You, Xingjun Zhuang, Chunling Zhang and Youxin Ji in Cancer Control
Improved Physics-based Raman Amplifier Model in C+L Networks through Input Parameter Refinement
Creators: name: Zhang, Yihao
name: Liu, Xiaomin
name: Qiu, Qizhi
name: Liu, Yichen
name: Yi, Lilin
name: Hu, Weisheng
name: Zhuge, Qunbi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a n input parameter refinement scheme for the physics-based Raman amplifier model. Experiments over C+L band are conducted. Results show the scheme can lower the physical model's maximum estimation error by 2.13 dB.
description: Accpted by Optical Fiber Communication Conference(OFC) 2024, session abbreviation: M4K