cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
FX Double Window Double Barrier Option Model
Creators: name: Lee, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FX Double Window Double Barrier Option Model

description: An FX Double Window Double Barrier option can be seen as a special case of a complex barrier option, where we can have multiple single and double partial barrier (partial barrier meaning: the barrier is effective only on a subinterval of the full option term).
description: https://finpricing.com/lib/EqBarrier.html
Optimization of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit protocol to detect trimethylamine N-oxide levels in humans
Creators: name: Aksoyalp, Zinnet Sevval
name: Erdoğan, Betül Rabia
name: Aksun, Saliha
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: trimethylamine N-oxide
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
methods
investigative techniques
standardization

description: The serum level of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota metabolite associated with diabetes, cancer, inflammatory and neurological diseases, can be determined by the micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. However, we had problems obtaining accurate standard curves with the original kit protocol from Bioassay Technology Laboratory. We aimed to acquire proper standard curves by modifying the kit protocol in this study. First, we evaluated the human TMAO ELISA kit protocols and other human ELISA kits. We maintained the incubation times longer and increased the wash cycle. Moreover, we incubated the standards containing biotinylated antibody in the wells alone. Then we washed the wells and added streptavidin-HRP for the second incubation step. The data of original and modified ELISA kit protocol were analyzed with Student's t-test. We measured higher absorbance with lower standard solution concentration in experiments that followed the original kit protocol. After investigating other human TMAO ELISA kits, we noticed that the SunRed Biotechnology Company and MyBioSource companies suggested similar protocols to the Bioassay Technology Laboratory company. The ELK Biotechnology ELISA protocol was different from others. However, since there is no biotinylated antibody in the standard solution in the ELK biotechnology kit, we changed some steps by examining other human ELISA protocols from different companies. After performing the modified protocol, we found that the absorbances of the standard solutions were consistent with their concentrations, and we obtained an accurate standard curve. Higher R2 values and lower absolute difference of standard concentrations were found in the modified kit protocol. The human TMAO ELISA protocol, which we modified in this study, will enable researchers to obtain more reliable results and prevent them from failing time and resources.
description: EXCLI Journal; 22:Doc263; ISSN 1611-2156
Cabling in the Skyrme-Faddeev model
Creators: name: Jennings, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Skyrme-Faddeev model is a three-dimensional non-linear field theory that has topological soliton solutions, called hopfions, which are novel string-like solutions taking the form of knots and links. Solutions found thus far take the form of torus knots and links of these, however torus knots form only a small family of known knots. It is an open question whether any non-torus knot hopfions exist. In this paper we present a construction of knotted fields with the form of cable knots to which an energy minimisation scheme can be applied. We find the first known hopfions which do not have the form of torus knots, but instead take the form of cable and hyperbolic knots.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
A pilot exploratory study examining the potential influence of continuous positive airway pressure devices on cranial molding trajectories in preterm infants
Creators: name: Brown A.
name: Boynton M.
name: Hammond S.
name: Quinn L.
name: Hite A.
name: McCarty D.B.
name: Blazek K.
name: O'Shea T.M.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Objective The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the potential impacts of two different continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices on preterm infant head shape and circumference. Study design Twenty infants born at <32 weeks gestational age requiring CPAP support were enrolled. Ten infants used the Hudson RCI Nasal Prong CPAP device and 10 infants used the Fisher- Paykel CPAP device. Infant Cranial Index (CI) and head circumference (HC) were collected weekly as well as infant gestational age at birth, and total number of days on CPAP. Results At baseline, average total birthweight of infants was 1021 grams (SD = 227 grams), average gestational age was 26.9 weeks (SD = 1.80), mean CI was 79.7 cm (SD = 5.95), and HC was 10.2 cm (SD = 0.92). Days on CPAP ranged from 16 to 63 days, with an average of 40.7 (SD = 13.6) days. Neither CI nor HC differed by device type; however, the Fisher-Paykel device was associated with slightly greater HC growth rate. Conclusion CPAP devices and the pressures they apply plausibly contribute to preterm infant cranial molding over time, with the greatest potential impact on infants who require CPAP support for longer periods; however, these findings must be validated in larger cohorts. Additionally, positioning practices should be further examined to determine how they may contribute to or prevent the development of cranial molding deformity.
Bandakia curvipalpis Panesar 2004
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Anisitsiellidae
Bandakia
Bandakia curvipalpis

description: Bandakia curvipalpis Panesar, 2004
Records from the study area: West Bengal—Panesar (2004).
Habitat: Mountain streams
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Additional file 1 of Endogenous oxytocin levels in extracted saliva elevates during breastfeeding correlated with lower postpartum anxiety in primiparous mothers
Creators: name: Nagahashi-Araki, Miyuki
name: Tasaka, Makoto
name: Takamura, Tsunehiko
name: Eto, Hiromi
name: Sasaki, Noriko
name: Fujita, Wakako
name: Miyazaki, Asuka
name: Morifuji, Kanako
name: Honda, Naoko
name: Miyamura, Tunetake
name: Nishitani, Shota
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure S1. Pearson’scorrelation coefficients matrix.The size and color of the circles reflect correlation coefficients for eachcombination of the correlation analysis.
An efficient machine learning framework to identify important clinical features associated with pulmonary embolism
Creators: name: Zou F.
name: Zou B.
name: Cai J.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: A misdiagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) can have severe consequences such as disability or death. It’s crucial to accurately identify key clinical features of PE in clinical practice to promptly identify potential PE patients who may present asymptomatically, and to prevent misdiagnosing PE as asthma exacerbation in patients with symptoms like dyspnea or chest pain. However, reliably identifying these important features can be challenging due to many factors influencing the likelihood of PE development in complex fashions (e.g., the interactions among these factors). To address this difficulty, we presented an effective framework using the deep neural network (DNN) model and the permutation-based feature importance test (PermFIT) procedure, i.e., PermFIT-DNN. We applied the PermFIT-DNN framework to the analysis of data from a PE study for asthma exacerbation patients. Our analysis results show that the PermFIT-DNN framework can robustly identify key features for classifying PE status. The important features identified can also aid in accurately predicting the PE risk.
Human population structure detection via multilocus genotype clustering
Creators: name: Starmer, Joshua
name: Gao, Xiaoyi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: BackgroundWe describe a hierarchical clustering algorithm for using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genetic data to assign individuals to populations. The method does not assume Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage equilibrium among loci in sample population individuals.ResultsWe show that the algorithm can assign sample individuals highly accurately to their corresponding ethnic groups in our tests using HapMap SNP data and it is also robust to admixed populations when tested with Perlegen SNP data. Moreover, it can detect fine-scale population structure as subtle as that between Chinese and Japanese by using genome-wide high-diversity SNP loci.ConclusionThe algorithm provides an alternative approach to the popular STRUCTURE program, especially for fine-scale population structure detection in genome-wide association studies. This is the first successful separation of Chinese and Japanese samples using random SNP loci with high statistical support.
Sex differences in the human peripheral blood transcriptome
Creators: name: Tischfield, Jay A.
name: Jansen, Rick
name: Van Grootheest, Gerard
name: Wright, Fred A.
name: Brooks, Andrew I.
name: Verweij, Cor L.
name: Smit, Johannes H.
name: Willemsen, Gonneke
name: Boomsma, Dorret I.
name: Milaneschi, Yuri
name: Vink, Jacqueline M.
name: Hottenga, Jouke Jan
name: Madar, Vered
name: Batista, Sandra
name: Mbarek, Hamdi
name: Penninx, Brenda W.J.H.
name: Peyrot, Wouter
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
name: de Geus, Eco J.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundGenomes of men and women differ in only a limited number of genes located on the sex chromosomes, whereas the transcriptome is far more sex-specific. Identification of sex-biased gene expression will contribute to understanding the molecular basis of sex-differences in complex traits and common diseases.ResultsSex differences in the human peripheral blood transcriptome were characterized using microarrays in 5,241 subjects, accounting for menopause status and hormonal contraceptive use. Sex-specific expression was observed for 582 autosomal genes, of which 57.7% was upregulated in women (female-biased genes). Female-biased genes were enriched for several immune system GO categories, genes linked to rheumatoid arthritis (16%) and genes regulated by estrogen (18%). Male-biased genes were enriched for genes linked to renal cancer (9%). Sex-differences in gene expression were smaller in postmenopausal women, larger in women using hormonal contraceptives and not caused by sex-specific eQTLs, confirming the role of estrogen in regulating sex-biased genes.ConclusionsThis study indicates that sex-bias in gene expression is extensive and may underlie sex-differences in the prevalence of common diseases.
PHEW: a parallel segmentation algorithm for three-dimensional AMR datasets - application to structure detection in self-gravitating flows
Creators: name: Bleuler, Andreas
name: Teyssier, Romain
name: Carassou, Sébastien
name: Martizzi, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce PHEW (Parallel HiErarchical Watershed), a new segmentation algorithm to detect structures in astrophysical fluid simulations, and its implementation into the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code ramses. PHEW works on the density field defined on the adaptive mesh, and can thus be used on the gas density or the dark matter density after a projection of the particles onto the grid. The algorithm is based on a "watershed" segmentation of the computational volume into dense regions, followed by a merging of the segmented patches based on the saddle point topology of the density field. PHEW is capable of automatically detecting connected regions above the adopted density threshold, as well as the entire set of substructures within. Our algorithm is fully parallel and uses the MPI library. We describe in great detail the parallel algorithm and perform a scaling experiment which proves the capability of phew to run efficiently on massively parallel systems.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, published in Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology
Analyzing COVID-19 Rates Between Residents and Staff in Correctional Facilities: A Telemedicine Opportunity
Creators: name: Brinkley-Rubinstein, Lauren
name: Wallace, Erin
name: Bohlmann, Aaron
name: Khairat, Saif
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: To evaluate the relationship of COVID-19 infection rates between residents and staff members in prison facilities. We collected historical data on daily COVID-19 counts for California, Florida, and Wisconsin residents and staff. We analyzed 78,250 COVID-19 cases among residents and 25,392 cases among staff. Strong positive associations were found in the rates of COVID-19 cases between residents and staff, suggesting telemedicine can help reduce outbreaks.
Using Maple + GRTensorII in teaching basics of General Relativity and Cosmology
Creators: name: Sporea, Ciprian A.
name: Vulcanov, Dumitru N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we propose some Maple procedures, for teaching purposes, to study the basics of General Relativity (GR) and Cosmology. After presenting some features of GRTensorII, a package specially built to deal with GR, we give two examples of how one can use these procedures. In the first example we build the Schwarzschild solution of Einstein equations, while in the second one we study some simple cosmological models.
description: 12 pages, 2 fig. To accepted for publication in Romanian Reports in Physics (2016)
Attractiveness of employment sectors for physical therapists in Ontario, Canada (1999-2007): implication for the long term care sector
Creators: name: Landry, Michel D.
name: Oñate, Känecy
name: Verrier, Molly C.
name: Gamble, Brenda
name: Hastie, Robyn
name: Deber, Raisa B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: BackgroundRecruiting and retaining health professions remains a high priority for health system planners. Different employment sectors may vary in their appeal to providers. We used the concepts of inflow and stickiness to assess the relative attractiveness of sectors for physical therapists (PTs) in Ontario, Canada. Inflow was defined as the percentage of PTs working in a sector who were not there the previous year. Stickiness was defined as the transition probability that a physical therapist will remain in a given employment sector year-to-year.MethodsA longitudinal dataset of registered PTs in Ontario (1999-2007) was created, and primary employment sector was categorized as ‘hospital’, ‘community’, ‘long term care’ (LTC) or ‘other.’ Inflow and stickiness values were then calculated for each sector, and trends were analyzed.ResultsThere were 5003 PTs in 1999, which grew to 6064 by 2007, representing a 21.2% absolute growth. Inflow grew across all sectors, but the LTC sector had the highest inflow of 32.0%. PTs practicing in hospitals had the highest stickiness, with 87.4% of those who worked in this sector remaining year-to-year. The community and other employment sectors had stickiness values of 78.2% and 86.8% respectively, while the LTC sector had the lowest stickiness of 73.4%.ConclusionAmong all employment sectors, LTC had highest inflow but lowest stickiness. Given expected increases in demand for services, understanding provider transitional probabilities and employment preferences may provide a useful policy and planning tool in developing a sustainable health human resource base across all employment sectors.
Additional file 1 of Rehabilitation workforce descriptors: a scoping review
Creators: name: Conradie, Thandi
name: Berner, Karina
name: Louw, Quinette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Addendum 1. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.
Assessing the associations between known genetic variants and substance use in people with HIV in the United States
Creators: name: Mathews W.C.
name: Wang L.
name: Ruderman S.
name: Lee S.A.
name: Lee W.J.
name: Lindström S.
name: Jordahl K.M.
name: Jia T.
name: Napravnik S.
name: Nance R.M.
name: Haas C.B.
name: Crane H.
name: Crane P.K.
name: Saag M.S.
name: Jacobson J.M.
name: Delaney J.A.C.
name: Chander G.
name: Mukherjee S.
name: Mayer K.H.
name: Peter I.
name: McCall E.M.
name: Whitney B.M.
name: Moore R.D.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Background The prevalence of substance use in people with HIV (PWH) in the United States is higher than in the general population and is an important driver of HIV-related outcomes. We sought to assess if previously identified genetic associations that contribute to substance use are also observed in a population of PWH. Methods We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol, smoking, and cannabis use phenotypes in a multi-ancestry population of 7,542 PWH from the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS). We conducted multi-ancestry GWAS for individuals of African (n = 3,748), Admixed American (n = 1,334), and European (n = 2,460) ancestry. Phenotype data were self-reported and collected using patient reported outcomes (PROs) and three questions from AUDIT-C, an alcohol screening tool. We analyzed nine phenotypes: 1) frequency of alcohol consumption, 2) typical number of drinks on a day when drinking alcohol, 3) frequency of five or more alcoholic drinks in a 30-day period, 4) smoking initiation, 5) smoking cessation, 6) cigarettes per day, 7) cannabis use initiation, 8) cannabis use cessation, 9) frequency of cannabis use during the previous 30 days. For each phenotype we considered a) variants previously identified as associated with a substance use trait and b) novel associations. Results We observed evidence for effects of previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to alcohol (rs1229984, p = 0.001), tobacco (rs11783093, p = 2.22E-4), and cannabis use (rs2875907, p = 0.005). We also report two novel loci (19p13.2, p = 1.3E-8; and 20p11.21, p = 2.1E-8) associated with cannabis use cessation. Conclusions Our analyses contribute to understanding the genetic bases of substance use in a population with relatively higher rates of use compared to the general population.
Addressing health literacy in patient decision aids
Creators: name: Kelly-Blake, Karen
name: Holmes-Rovner, Margaret
name: Wolf, Michael S.
name: Nutbeam, Don
name: McCaffery, Kirsten J.
name: Rovner, David
name: Sheridan, Stacey L.
name: Clayman, Marla L.
name: Smith, Sian K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: BackgroundEffective use of a patient decision aid (PtDA) can be affected by the user’s health literacy and the PtDA’s characteristics. Systematic reviews of the relevant literature can guide PtDA developers to attend to the health literacy needs of patients. The reviews reported here aimed to assess:1. a) the effects of health literacy / numeracy on selected decision-making outcomes, and b) the effects of interventions designed to mitigate the influence of lower health literacy on decision-making outcomes, and2. the extent to which existing PtDAs a) account for health literacy, and b) are tested in lower health literacy populations.MethodsWe reviewed literature for evidence relevant to these two aims. When high-quality systematic reviews existed, we summarized their evidence. When reviews were unavailable, we conducted our own systematic reviews.ResultsAim 1: In an existing systematic review of PtDA trials, lower health literacy was associated with lower patient health knowledge (14 of 16 eligible studies). Fourteen studies reported practical design strategies to improve knowledge for lower health literacy patients. In our own systematic review, no studies reported on values clarity per se, but in 2 lower health literacy was related to higher decisional uncertainty and regret. Lower health literacy was associated with less desire for involvement in 3 studies, less question-asking in 2, and less patient-centered communication in 4 studies; its effects on other measures of patient involvement were mixed. Only one study assessed the effects of a health literacy intervention on outcomes; it showed that using video to improve the salience of health states reduced decisional uncertainty. Aim 2: In our review of 97 trials, only 3 PtDAs overtly addressed the needs of lower health literacy users. In 90% of trials, user health literacy and readability of the PtDA were not reported. However, increases in knowledge and informed choice were reported in those studies in which health literacy needs were addressed.ConclusionLower health literacy affects key decision-making outcomes, but few existing PtDAs have addressed the needs of lower health literacy users. The specific effects of PtDAs designed to mitigate the influence of low health literacy are unknown. More attention to the needs of patients with lower health literacy is indicated, to ensure that PtDAs are appropriate for lower as well as higher health literacy patients.
Nijenhuis Integrability for Killing Tensors
Creators: name: Schöbel, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70H06, 53A60, 53B20

description: The fundamental tool in the classification of orthogonal coordinate systems in which the Hamilton-Jacobi and other prominent equations can be solved by a separation of variables are second order Killing tensors which satisfy the Nijenhuis integrability conditions. The latter are a system of three non-linear partial differential equations. We give a simple and completely algebraic proof that for a Killing tensor the third and most complicated of these equations is redundant. This considerably simplifies the classification of orthogonal separation coordinates on arbitrary (pseudo-)Riemannian manifolds.
Blame Covid-19 and Ignore the Long History of Industrial Standardisation in Agriculture
Creators: name: Atasoy, Yıldız
Publisher: name: The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food
Year: 2024

description: This paper examines the resilience of small-scale farmers in Turkey who are facing an expanding industrial model in agriculture that is deepening the structural conditions of marginalisation and exclusion. This type of model is vulnerable to supply-chain disruptions due to various world-historical conjunctures, including the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, resulting in unprecedent hikes in agro-industrial-input and market-food prices, as well as food insecurity. Drawing on official documents and pre-pandemic interviews, the paper situates the resilience of these farmers within the state-planned expansion of agro-industrialisation directed towards boosting market- and export-based earnings. This industrial model is based on imported agro-inputs, land commodification, and contraction of village resources, as well as registration and standardisation as a condition for market access. It is further characterised by racially segmented agricultural labour markets, and exclusion of unregistered farmers and their food. The paper explores the structural constraints that emerge from an expanding industrialisation in agriculture, and considers how small-scale farmers might adapt to these conditions while co-existing with agro-industrialisation.
description: The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, Vol. 30 No. 1 (2024):
Ehe, Liebe, Partnerschaft - alles in Frage gestellt?
Creators: name: Liss, Bernhard
name: S., Perkonig
name: Scheuermann, Michael
Publisher: name: Diakonia
Year: 1970

description: Diakonia, Bd. 19 Nr. 5 (1988): Diakonia, Band 19, Heft 5
Assessing the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems using interpersonal scenarios depicting rejection
Creators: name: Cosh, Suzanne
name: Thorsteinsson, Einar B.
name: Rock, Adam J.
name: Clark, Gavin I.
name: Janovsky, Thomas
name: Polad, Valerie
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Background Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have been theorised to contribute to reoccurring interpersonal problems. This study developed a novel experimental paradigm that aimed to assess if EMSs moderate the impact of interpersonal situations on interpersonal responses by manipulating the degree of rejection in a series of interpersonal vignettes depicting acceptance, ambiguous rejection and rejection. Method In a sample of 158 first-year psychology students (27.2% male; 72.2% female; 0.6% other) participant responses to interpersonal scenarios were measured including degree of perceived rejection, emotional distress, conviction in varying cognitive appraisals consistent with attribution theory and behavioural responses to scenarios. Qualitative data was analysed using inductive content analysis and statistical analyses were conducted using multi-level mixed effect linear and logistic regression models using the software Jamovi. Results People reporting higher EMSs reported increased emotional distress (F(1, 156) = 24.85, p < .001), perceptions of rejection (F(1, 156) = 34.33, p < .001), self-blame (F(1, 156) = 53.25, p < .001), other-blame (F(1, 156) = 13.16, p < .001) and more intentional (F(1, 156) = 9.24, p = .003), stable (F(1, 156) = 25.22, p < .001) and global (F(1, 156) = 19.55, p < .001) attributions but no differences in reported behavioural responses. The results also supported that EMSs moderate the relationship between interpersonal rejection and perceptions of rejection (F(2, 1252) = 18.43, p < .001), emotional distress (F(2, 1252) = 12.64, p < .001) and self-blame (F(2, 1252) = 14.00, p < .001). Conclusion Together these findings suggest that people with EMSs experience increased distress and select negative cognitions in situations where there are higher levels of rejection but that distress and negative cognitions are generally higher in people with EMSs irrespective of the situation.
Benign elevations in serum aminotransferases and biomarkers of hepatotoxicity in healthy volunteers treated with cholestyramine
Creators: name: Harrill, Alison H.
name: Watkins, Paul B.
name: Benzerdjeb, Hadj
name: Singhal, Rohit
name: Menguy-Vacheron, Francoise
name: Jayyosi, Zaid
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundThere are currently no serum biomarkers capable of distinguishing elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) that portend serious liver injury potential from benign elevations such as those occurring during cholestyramine treatment. The aim of the research was to test the hypothesis that newly proposed biomarkers of hepatotoxicity would not significantly rise in serum during elevations in serum ALT associated with cholestyramine treatment, which has never been associated with clinically relevant liver injury.MethodsIn a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, cholestyramine (8g) was administered for 11 days to healthy adult volunteers. Serum from subjects with elevations in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) exceeding three-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN) were utilized for biomarker quantification.ResultsIn 11 of 67 subjects, cholestyramine treatment resulted in ALT elevation by >3x ULN (mean 6.9 fold; range 3–28 fold). In these 11 subjects, there was a 22.4-fold mean increase in serum levels of miR-122 relative to baseline, supporting a liver origin of the serum ALT. Significant elevations were noted in mean levels of necrosis biomarkers sorbitol dehydrogenase (8.1 fold), cytokeratin 18 (2.1 fold) and HMGB1 (1.7 fold). Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, a biomarker of apoptosis was also significantly elevated (1.7 fold). A rise in glutamate dehydrogenase (7.3 fold) may support mitochondrial dysfunction.ConclusionAll toxicity biomarkers measured in this study were elevated along with ALT, confirming the liver origin and reflecting both hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis. Since cholestyramine treatment has no clinical liver safety concerns, we conclude that interpretation of the biomarkers studied may not be straightforward in the context of assessing liver safety of new drugs.
Visual object tracking performance measures revisited
Creators: name: Čehovin, Luka
name: Leonardis, Aleš
name: Kristan, Matej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of visual tracking evaluation is sporting a large variety of performance measures, and largely suffers from lack of consensus about which measures should be used in experiments. This makes the cross-paper tracker comparison difficult. Furthermore, as some measures may be less effective than others, the tracking results may be skewed or biased towards particular tracking aspects. In this paper we revisit the popular performance measures and tracker performance visualizations and analyze them theoretically and experimentally. We show that several measures are equivalent from the point of information they provide for tracker comparison and, crucially, that some are more brittle than the others. Based on our analysis we narrow down the set of potential measures to only two complementary ones, describing accuracy and robustness, thus pushing towards homogenization of the tracker evaluation methodology. These two measures can be intuitively interpreted and visualized and have been employed by the recent Visual Object Tracking (VOT) challenges as the foundation for the evaluation methodology.
Associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and women’s fertility intentions: a multi-country, cross-sectional (I-SHARE) study
Creators: name: O'Hara, Caitlin Alsandria
name: Zhao, Min
name: Shamu, Simukai
name: Larsson, Elin C.
name: Tucker, Joseph D.
name: Ivanova, Olena
name: Pei, Kaiyan
name: Liu, Huijun
name: Cleeve, Amanda
name: Sahril, Norhafizah Bte
name: Kpokiri, Eneyi
name: Zhang, Wei-Hong
name: Michielsen, Kristien
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic, together with the subsequent social distancing measures, could lead to shifts in family and fertility planning. This study aimed to explore the associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in fertility intentions among an international sample of reproductive-aged women. Methods A multi-country, cross-sectional study based on data from 10 672 women aged 18–49 years who participated in the International Sexual Health And REproductive Health (I-SHARE) study, which organised an international online survey between July 2020 and February 2021. Factors associated with changes in fertility intentions were explored using multinomial probit regression models. Cluster-robust standard errors were used to calculate model parameters. Results Of 10 672 included reproductive-aged women, 14.4% reported changing their fertility intentions due to the pandemic, with 10.2% postponement and 4.2% acceleration. Women who had ever been isolated/quarantined were more likely to postpone their fertility intentions (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.41; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.69) compared with those who had not; women who lived with a steady partner were more likely to want children sooner (AOR=1.57; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.23) compared with those who did not; and those who reported a higher frequency of getting angry, feeling frustrated, or worrying about their finances were more likely to postpone their fertility intentions. The main findings were robust in the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Most women who changed fertility intentions because of the pandemic have postponed intentions to expand their families. The pandemic-induced exposures were associated with these postponements.
IMOTHEP: Towards a roadmap for the development of HEP
Creators: name: Novelli, Philippe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: IMOTHEP
green aviation
H2020 Transport
climate change
hybrid electric aircraft
hybrid electric propulsion
CINEA

description: Presentation at the 12th EASN International Conference on “Innovation in aviation & space for opening new horizons", 18-21 Oct 2022, Barcelona, Spain, https://easnconference.eu/
State of Indigenous Foods in Africa
Creators: name: Manka, Sheila Ngoh
name: Mapadimeng, Mokong Simon
Publisher: name: The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food
Year: 2024

description: Food is an indispensable item for all human beings, and a means of survival. Through food, people create identities that influence how they view themselves in relation to others. Food carries meanings that are associated with different occasions. Food fosters communication among people and provides access to coded messages and forms of interaction that are not obvious to the external observer. There is however paucity of qualitative studies on food and its symbolic and communicative function, especially on indigenous foods in the formerly colonised communities. This is even more glaringly so in Africa despite the continent’s long precolonial history of dependence on indigenous foods. It is for this reason, and especially in view of the recent experiences with covid-19 pandemic and its aggravation of food insecurity, that this article examines the state of indigenous foods in Africa through a focus on the case of Mankon community in the Northwest region of Cameroon. A qualitative research approach was adopted, using in-depth interviews to collect data from 25 participants within the Mankon community. The findings revealed that the Mankon people continue to hold indigenous foods in high regard not only for their nutritious and medicinal or health value but also for their socio-cultural significance. A lack in knowledge of the socio-cultural significance of these foods amongst youth became evident, calling for promotional educational interventions. Notwithstanding the limitations of this study, it however contributes to closing the gap of a lack in qualitative research on indigenous foods and, especially in Africa.
description: The International Journal of Sociology of Agriculture and Food, Vol. 30 No. 1 (2024):
Infant nutrition in the first seven days of life in rural northern Ghana
Creators: name: Aborigo, Raymond A.
name: Moyer, Cheryl A.
name: Hodgson, Abraham
name: Engmann, Cyril
name: Adongo, Philip
name: Logonia, Gideon
name: Williams, John
name: Rominski, Sarah
name: Affah, Gideon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: BackgroundGood nutrition is essential for increasing survival rates of infants. This study explored infant feeding practices in a resource-poor setting and assessed implications for future interventions focused on improving newborn health.MethodsThe study took place in the Kassena-Nankana District of the Upper East Region of northern Ghana. In-depth interviews were conducted with 35 women with newborn infants, 8 traditional birth attendants and local healers, and 16 community leaders. An additional 18 focus group discussions were conducted with household heads, compound heads and grandmothers. All interviews and discussions were audio taped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using NVivo 9.0.ResultsCommunity members are knowledgeable about the importance of breastfeeding, and most women with newborn infants do attempt to breastfeed. However, data suggest that traditional practices related to breastfeeding and infant nutrition continue, despite knowledge of clinical guidelines. Such traditional practices include feeding newborn infants water, gripe water, local herbs, or traditionally meaningful foods such as water mixed with the flour of guinea corn (yara’na). In this region in Ghana, there are significant cultural traditions associated with breastfeeding. For example, colostrum from first-time mothers is often tested for bitterness by putting ants in it – a process that leads to a delay in initiating breastfeeding. Our data also indicate that grandmothers – typically the mother-in-laws – wield enormous power in these communities, and their desires significantly influence breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity, and maintenance.ConclusionPrelacteal feeding is still common in rural Ghana despite demonstrating high knowledge of appropriate feeding practices. Future interventions that focus on grandmothers and religious leaders are likely to prove valuable in changing community attitudes, beliefs, and practices with regard to infant nutrition.
Non-local interference and Hong-Ou-Mandel collisions of single Bogoliubov quasiparticles
Creators: name: Ferraro, D.
name: Rech, J.
name: Jonckheere, T.
name: Martin, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a device which allows to create and probe single Majorana fermions, in the form of Bogoliubov quasiparticles. It is composed of two counter-propagating edge channels, each put in proximity with a superconducting region where Andreev reflection operates, and which thus converts electrons into Bogoliubov quasiparticles. The edge channels then meet at a quantum point contact where collisions can be achieved. A voltage biased version of the setup was studied in Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 070604 (2014) and showed non-local interference phenomena and signatures of Bogoliubov quasiparticle collisions in the high frequency noise characteristics at the output, constituting an evidence of the Majorana fermion nature of these excitations. Here, voltage biased leads are replaced by single electron sources in order to achieve collisions of single Bogoliubov quasiparticles, with the major advantage that zero-frequency noise measurements are sufficient to access the intimate nature of Bogoliubov wave-packets. We compute the injection parameters of the source, and go on to investigate the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss and Hong-Ou-Mandel signal at the output, as a function of the mixing angle which controls the electron/hole component of the Bogoliubov wave-packet. In particular, information on the internal structure of the Bogoliubov quasiparticle can be recovered when such a quasiparticle collides with a pure electron. Experimental feasibility with singlet or triplet superconductors is discussed.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Home visits to improve breast health knowledge and screening practices in a less privileged area in Jordan
Creators: name: Taha, Hana
name: Esmaily, Hamideh
name: Al-Qutob, Raeda
name: Nyström, Lennarth
name: Berggren, Vanja
name: Wahlström, Rolf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common cancer afflicting women in Jordan. This study aimed to assess the effects of an educational intervention through home visits, including offering free mammography screening vouchers, on changing women’s breast health knowledge and screening practices for early detection of breast cancer in a less privileged area in Jordan.MethodsTwo thousand four hundred breast health awareness home visits were conducted and 2363 women aged 20-79 years (median: 41) answered a pre-test interview-administrated questionnaire to assess their breast health knowledge and practices at the baseline. After a home-based educational session, 625 women aged 40years or older were referred to free mammography screening. Five hundred and ninety six homes were revisited six months later and out of these 593 women participated in a post-test. The women’s retained breast health knowledge, the changes in their reported breast health practices and their usage of the free mammography voucher, were assessed.ResultsThe mean knowledge score increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 11.4 in the pre-test to 15.7 in the post-test (maximum score: 16). At the six month follow-up the post-test showed significant (p < 0.001) improvement in women’s perceived breast self-examination (BSE) knowledge, reported BSE practice and mammography screening. Out of 625 women that received a voucher for free mammography screening 73% attended the mammography unit, while only two women without a voucher went for mammography screening at the assigned unit. Women who received a follow-up visit were more likely to use the free mammography voucher compared to those who were not followed-up (83% vs. 67%; p < 0.001).ConclusionsHome visits by local community outreach workers that incorporated education about breast cancer and breast health in addition to offering free mammography screening vouchers were effective in improving women’s breast health knowledge and practices in a less privileged area in Jordan.
Additional file 2 of Rehabilitation workforce descriptors: a scoping review
Creators: name: Conradie, Thandi
name: Berner, Karina
name: Louw, Quinette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Addendum 2. PubMed Search String.
High-amplitude γ Doradus pulsators in the Kepler data
Creators: name: Sódor, Ádám
name: Bognár, Zsófia
name: Plachy, Emese
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The overall pulsation amplitude of γ Doradus (GDOR) stars is not very actively studied. Paunzen et al. (2020) identified 15 high-amplitude GDOR (HAGDOR) stars, i.e., whose peak-to-peak light variation in the Johnson V band exceeds 0.1 mag. Based on this set and on a similarly small control sample, Paunzen et al. concluded that HAGDOR pulsators are not physically distinct in any way from regular GDOR stars, except that they are situated at the high end of the continuous GDOR amplitude distribution. To extend this search, we investigated the original 4-year-long Kepler data exhaustively, and identified more than 3200 GDOR stars. Among these, about 100 are high-amplitude ones. We found that these HAGDORs all belong to one specific subclass of GDOR stars, which was defined by Balona et al. (2011) as ASYM. Furthermore, about half of these stars exhibit quasi-equidistant frequency groups in their Fourier amplitude spectra (studied in detail by Kurtz et al. 2015). Some HAGDORs are episodic, showing only a couple of high-amplitude episodes during the 4-year-long Kepler observations. We did not identify any fast-rotating GDOR with high amplitude. In our sample, there are no HAGDOR/δ Scuti hybrids, with one single exception.
Additional file 1 of Transcriptomic profiles of muscular dystrophy with myositis (mdm) in extensor digitorum longus, psoas, and soleus muscles from mice
Creators: name: Hettige, Pabodha
name: Tahir, Uzma
name: Nishikawa, Kiisa C.
name: Gage, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Overview of gene ontologies associated with a) up- and b) down-regulated genes in mdm EDL. Figure S2. Overview of gene ontologies associated with a) up- and b) down-regulated genes in mdm psoas. Figure S3. Overview of the gene ontologies associated with a) up, and b) downregulated genes identified from mdm soleus. Figure S4. An Overview of pathways enriched from the upregulated genes identified from mdm and wild-type comparisons in a) EDL, b) psoas and c) soleus. Figure S5. An verview of pathways enriched from the downregulated genes identified from mdm and wild-type comparisons in a) EDL, b) psoas and c) soleus. Figure S6. Gene expression heat map of the complete data set, after removing marginally expressed genes. Figure S7. Distance matrix among transcriptomic profiles show clear separation between mdm and wild-type samples. Table S1. Top 20 genes contributing to the variance represented by principal component l (PC1) and principal component 2 (PC2). Table S2. RNA-Seq read alignment summary for the wild-type samples used in the study. Table S3. Alignment statistics of mdm samples used in the study.
Does Your Model Think Like an Engineer? Explainable AI for Bearing Fault Detection with Deep Learning
Creators: name: Decker, Thomas
name: Lebacher, Michael
name: Tresp, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Learning has already been successfully applied to analyze industrial sensor data in a variety of relevant use cases. However, the opaque nature of many well-performing methods poses a major obstacle for real-world deployment. Explainable AI (XAI) and especially feature attribution techniques promise to enable insights about how such models form their decision. But the plain application of such methods often fails to provide truly informative and problem-specific insights to domain experts. In this work, we focus on the specific task of detecting faults in rolling element bearings from vibration signals. We propose a novel and domain-specific feature attribution framework that allows us to evaluate how well the underlying logic of a model corresponds with expert reasoning. Utilizing the framework we are able to validate the trustworthiness and to successfully anticipate the generalization ability of different well-performing deep learning models. Our methodology demonstrates how signal processing tools can effectively be used to enhance Explainable AI techniques and acts as a template for similar problems.
description: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)
Additional file 3 of Rehabilitation workforce descriptors: a scoping review
Creators: name: Conradie, Thandi
name: Berner, Karina
name: Louw, Quinette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Addendum 3. Data extraction forms 1 and 2.