Meta-Analysis Investigating Associations Between Healthy Diet and Fasting Glucose and Insulin Levels and Modification by Loci Associated With Glucose Homeostasis in Data From 15 Cohorts
Creators: name: Deloukas, Panos
name: Stirrups, Kathleen
name: Renström, Frida
name: Kritchevsky, Stephen B.
name: Jacques, Paul F.
name: Cupples, L. Adrienne
name: Lemaitre, Rozenn N.
name: Zillikens, M. Carola
name: Orho-Melander, Marju
name: Franks, Paul W.
name: Liu, Yongmei
name: Ingelsson, Erik
name: Hruby, Adela
name: Seppälä, Ilkka
name: Manichaikul, Ani
name: Dedoussis, George
name: Hofman, Albert
name: Kähönen, Mika
name: De Koning, Lawrence
name: Ericson, Ulrika
name: Nettleton, Jennifer A.
name: Papoutsakis, Constantina
name: Van Rooij, Frank J.A.
name: North, Kari
name: Ngwa, Julius S.
name: Bandinelli, Stefania
name: Dupuis, Josée
name: Lohman, Kurt K.
name: Siscovick, David S.
name: Hassanali, Neelam
name: Jacobs, David R.
name: Ferrucci, Luigi
name: Witteman, Jacqueline C.M.
name: Borecki, Ingrid B.
name: Groves, Christopher J.
name: Hu, Frank B.
name: McCarthy, Mark I.
name: Uitterlinden, André G.
name: Lehtimäki, Terho
name: Johansson, Ingegerd
name: Sonestedt, Emily
name: Mozaffarian, Dariush
name: Ntalla, Ioanna
name: Kiefte-De Jong, Jessica C.
name: Prokopenko, Inga
name: Follis, Jack L.
name: Meigs, James B.
name: Mikkilä, Vera
name: McKeown, Nicola M.
name: Raitakari, Olli
name: Hivert, Marie France
name: Rolandsson, Olov
name: Wojczynski, Mary K.
name: Ax, Erika
name: Viikari, Jorma
name: Mukamal, Kenneth
name: Kanoni, Stavroula
name: Djoussé, Luc
name: Ganna, Andrea
name: Houston, Denise K.
name: Dimitriou, Maria
name: Kolovou, Genovefa
name: Sjogren, Per
name: Pankow, James S.
name: Tanaka, Toshiko
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Whether loci that influence fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI) levels, as identified by genome-wide association studies, modify associations of diet with FG or FI is unknown. We utilized data from 15 US and European cohort studies comprising 51,289 persons without diabetes to test whether genotype and diet interact to influence FG or FI concentration. We constructed a diet score using study-specific quartile rankings for intakes of whole grains, fish, fruits, vegetables, and nuts/seeds (favorable) and red/processed meats, sweets, sugared beverages, and fried potatoes (unfavorable). We used linear regression within studies, followed by inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis, to quantify 1) associations of diet score with FG and FI levels and 2) interactions of diet score with 16 FG-associated loci and 2 FI-associated loci. Diet score (per unit increase) was inversely associated with FG (β = −0.004 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval: −0.005, −0.003) and FI (β = −0.008 ln-pmol/L, 95% confidence interval: −0.009, −0.007) levels after adjustment for demographic factors, lifestyle, and body mass index. Genotype variation at the studied loci did not modify these associations. Healthier diets were associated with lower FG and FI concentrations regardless of genotype at previously replicated FG- and FI-associated loci. Studies focusing on genomic regions that do not yield highly statistically significant associations from main-effect genome-wide association studies may be more fruitful in identifying diet-gene interactions.