cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Providing Incentives for Better Cost Forecasting
Creators: name: Osband, Kent Harold
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: scoring rule, forecasting, information elicitation

description: The dissertation examines contractual schemes for eliciting information about an uncertain outcome. Such information is requested regularly in the course of central planning, government contracting, risk-analysis, exchange-rate prediction, weather forecasting, and in a variety of other contexts. In the basic framework, the agent, usually a manager, knows the probability distribution of a random variable (say "project cost", or "achievable output"), or perceives an unknown outcome as if it were a random variable with this distribution. The planner "principal" wants to obtain some summary measure of this information. After the reports are made, the outcome will be observed by both parties. The planner's problem is to devise a compensation scheme providing positive incentives to the manager to reveal his beliefs truthfully. Such a scheme is called a proper scoring rule. The dissertation provides a virtually complete characterization of proper scoring rules for a broad class of probability indicators, thereby unifying and extending previous work on scoring rules. Some practical complications confronting potential users of these schemes are explored, including conditional project acceptance, risk-aversion, cost padding dangers, multi-attribute evaluation, multi-agent bidding, and multi-period contracting. In addition, agent learning costs are incorporated into the model, allowing for the derivation of optimal contracts and explicit consideration of the costs of agency.
description: A resurgence of interest in forecasting incentives has triggered some interest in my 1985 dissertation on the topic. Although this work is primitive by modern standards and occasionally mistaken, some writers have credited me with useful insights. At reader request I have decided to post the dissertation here. I apologize for the poor print quality.
An action-project investigation of young adult clients' self-efficacy within individual counselling process
Creators: name: Penner, Carey Grayson
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study aimed to describe dynamic interactive manifestations of client self-efficacy within the individual counselling process of young adult clients and professional counsellors. The study reanalyzed data obtained from a previous action-project investigation of 12 counsellor-client dyads who met for up to four sessions to address issues related to the client’s transition to adulthood. Reanalysis followed a cumulative case study approach (Stake, 2000) and adapted the qualitative analysis procedures of the action-project method (Young, Valach, & Domene, 2005). Two research questions, “How is client self-efficacy manifest in counselling process?” and “How are perceptions of clients’ capabilities constructed within the individual and joint action of individual counselling sessions?” guided the reanalysis of six target cases. The within case portion of the analysis yielded detailed descriptions of clients’ self-efficacy beliefs as well as the joint action processes that constructed them. The findings for each case were reduced to a set of assertions and were then compared and contrasted in the cross case analyses. This analytic process generated the following seven summary assertions pertaining to these participants’ experiences: 1) perceptions of the clients’ capabilities were embedded throughout all phases of the counselling process including exploration, problem definition, intervention, client change, consolidation of change, and termination; 2) clients’ efficacious and inefficacious self-evaluations varied with regards to emotional intensity and importance to the counselling process; 3) clients’ perceptions of self-efficacy regarding basic tasks of counselling were closely tied to the client-counsellor relationship; 4) counsellor and client’s exploratory joint action helped construct perceptions of capability; 5) the counsellors' use of efficacy questions was accompanied by efficacy construction; 6) significant extratherapy events were incorporated into the joint action that constructed perceptions of the clients’ capabilities; 7) efficacy construction was observed in powerful parallel processes that aligned clients’ in-session action with highly important relational goals. These findings are forwarded as knowledge that is close to these participants’ experience. Though the study’s research design precludes causal statements or definitive generalizations, the knowledge generated from the participants’ experience prompts theoretical reflection, invites subsequent research, and may be useful to practitioners seeking to facilitate efficacy construction in their clients.
Mathematical modelling of the spatial dispersion of brain MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Sheikhzadeh, Fahime
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Many previous studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) have focused on the relationship between white matter lesion volume and clinical parameters, but few have investigated the independent contribution of the spatial dispersion of lesions to patient disability. In this thesis, we investigate whether a mathematical measure of the 3D spatial dispersion of lesions can reveal clinical significance that is independent of volume. Our hypothesis is that for any two given patients with similar lesion loads, the one with greater lesion dispersion would tend to have a greater disability. We investigate four different approaches for quantifying lesion dispersion and examine the ability of these lesion dispersion measures to act as potential surrogate markers of disability. We propose one connectedness-based measure (compactness), two region-based measures (ratio of minimum bounding spheres and ratio of lesion convex hull to the brain volume), two distance-based measures (Euclidean distance from a fixed point and pair-wise Euclidean distances) and one measure based on network theory (small-worldness). Our data include three sets of MRIs (n = 24, 174, 182) selected from two MS clinical trials. We segment all white matter lesions in each scan with a semi-automatic method to produce binary images of lesion voxels, quantify their spatial dispersion using the defined measures, then perform a statistical analysis to compare the dispersion values to total lesion volume and patient disability. We use linear and rank correlations to investigate the relationships between dispersion, disability, and total lesion volume, and regression analysis to investigate whether there is a potentially meaningful relationship between dispersion and disability, independent of volume. Our main finding is that one distance based measure, Euclidean distance from a fixed point, consistently correlates with disability score across all three datasets, and has predictive value that is at least partly independent of lesion volume. The results provide support for our hypothesis and suggest that a potentially meaningful relationship exists between patient disability and measurements of lesion dispersion. Finding such relationships can improve the understanding of MS and potentially lead to the discovery of novel surrogate biomarkers for clinical use in designing treatment trials and providing prognostic advice to individual patients.
Styrket Arbejdsevne for Medarbejdere i Industrien (SAMI), 2016
Creators: Det Nationale Forskningscenter for Arbejdsmiljø, Andreas Holtermann
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Projektets overordnede formål var at undersøge om en nyudviklet arbejdsmiljøindsats forbedrer industrimedarbejderes arbejdsmiljø, herunder medarbejdernes arbejdsevne og behov for restitution.
ENLIGHT RISE - D2.6 - R&I Prize Year 2
Creators: name: ENLIGHT RISE WP2 - Create synergies through an R&I capacity building
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: European Universities Alliance
Mobilty Award
Research Synergies

description: Progress Report on the creation and awarding of the R&I Prize in the second year of the ENLIGHT RISE programme, the lessons learnt, and outlook for project year 3.
Merging White Dwarfs and Thermonuclear Supernovae
Creators: name: van Kerkwijk, Marten H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermonuclear supernovae result when interaction with a companion reignites nuclear fusion in a carbon-oxygen white dwarf, causing a thermonuclear runaway, a catastrophic gain in pressure, and the disintegration of the whole white dwarf. It is usually thought that fusion is reignited in near-pycnonuclear conditions when the white dwarf approaches the Chandrasekhar mass. I briefly describe two long-standing problems faced by this scenario, and our suggestion that these supernovae instead result from mergers of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs, including those that produce sub-Chandrasekhar mass remnants. I then turn to possible observational tests, in particular those that test the absence or presence of electron captures during the burning.
description: 8 pages, 1 figures, accepted for publication in Phil. Tr. A, proc. of New windows on transients across the Universe, ed. P. O'Brien et al.; v2 includes changes following comments by the 2 referees
Klinischer Verlauf von 61 Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom in Aira, Westäthiopien : eine prospektive Kohortenstudie zum Gesamt-Überleben, klinischen und pathologischen Prognosefaktoren
Creators: name: Eber-Schulz, Pia Luise
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Das Mammakarzinom ist der häufigste maligne Tumor der Frau in Äthiopien. Im ländlichen Äthiopien ist die einzige Therapieoption die Operation, adjuvante Therapie ist nicht verfügbar. Ziel ist die Darstellung der Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit und der klinischen und pathologischen Prognosefaktoren. Im Jahr 2013 wurden 61 Patientinnen mit histologisch gesichertem Mammakarzinom in Westäthiopien nachbeobachtet. Das Alter lag im Median bei 45 Jahren (19-83). 58 % wiesen ein lokal fortgeschrittenes Stadium (cT3 und cT4) auf, 73% waren nodal-positiv. 71 % wiesen schlecht differenzierte Tumoren auf, 66 % exprimierten Steroidhormonrezeptoren. Bei 75 % war Ki-67 positiv (≥14 %), bei 19 % HER2 positiv (Dako 3+), 25 % waren tripel-negativ. Die 2-Jahres-Gesamt-Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit lag bei 46 %. Unabhängige Prognosefaktoren im Cox-Regressionsmodell für ein schlechteres Gesamtüberleben waren eine Tumorgröße über 5 cm (HR 3,86; 95 % KI 1,44-10,35), Alter <35 Jahre (HR 4,98; 1,82-13,63) und die fehlende Expression des Progesteronrezeptors (HR 5,12; 1,92-13,66). Tamoxifen wäre eine günstige, wahrscheinlich lebensverlängernde Therapieoption.
description: Breast Cancer ist the most common cancer in Ethiopian women. In rural Ethiopia, patients usually receive surgical therapy, adjuvant therapy is not available. Purpose of this study is to describe the histopathological characteristics and survival of female breast cancer in western Ethiopia. 61 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer were followed up in 2013. The median age was 45 years (19.83). 58% presented with locally advanced tumors (cT3 and cT4), 73% with lymph node involvement. 71% had poorly differentiated tumors, 66% showed hormone receptor expression. HER2 was positive (Dako 3+) in 19%, 25% showed triple-negative disease. The estimated 2-year overall survival probability was 46%. Age <35 years (HR 4,98; 1,82-13,63), tumor size >5cm (HR 3,86; 95 % KI 1,44-10,35), and lack of progesterone receptor expression (HR 5,12; 1,92-13,66) were independent prognostic factors in adjusted Cox regression analysis. The establishment of a reliable pathology service as well as receptor testing and securing adjuvant therapy (e.g. Tamoxifen) is crucial to assure adequate diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients.
Possibility of superconductivity due to electron-phonon interaction in graphene
Creators: name: Einenkel, M.
name: Efetov, K. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the possibility of superconductivity in graphene taking into account both electron-phonon and electron-electron Coulomb interactions. The analysis is carried out assuming that the Fermi energy is far away from the Dirac points, such that the density of the particles (electrons or holes) is high. We derive proper Eliashberg equations that allow us to estimate the critical superconducting temperature. The most favorable is pairing of electrons belonging to different valleys in the spectrum. Using values of electron-phonon coupling estimated in other publications we obtain the critical temperature T_c as a function of the electron (hole) density. This temperature can reach the order of 10 K at the Fermi energy of order 1-2 eV. We show that the dependence of the intervalley pairing on the impurity concentration should be weak.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Multi-Voice Polyphonic Music Transcription Using Eigeninstruments
Creators: name: Grindlay, Graham C.
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a model-based approach to separating and transcribing single-channel, multi-instrument polyphonic music in a semi-blind fashion. Our system extends the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm to incorporate constraints on the basis vectors of the solution. In the context of music transcription, this allows us to encode prior knowledge about the space of possible instrument models as a parametric subspace we term "eigeninstruments". We evaluate our algorithm on several synthetic (MIDI) recordings containing different instrument mixtures. Averaged over both sources, we achieved a frame-level accuracy of over 68% on an excerpt of Pachelbel's Canon arranged for doublebass and piano and 72% on a mixture of overlapping melodies played by flute and violin.
Tandem connectionist feature stream extraction for conventional HMM systems
Creators: name: Hermansky, Hynek
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
name: Sharma, Sangita
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Hidden Markov model speech recognition systems typically use Gaussian mixture models to estimate the distributions of decorrelated acoustic feature vectors that correspond to individual subword units. By contrast, hybrid connectionist-HMM systems use discriminatively-trained neural networks to estimate the probability distribution among subword units given the acoustic observations. In this work we show a large improvement in word recognition performance by combining neural-net discriminative feature processing with Gaussian-mixture distribution modeling. By training the network to generate the subword probability posteriors, then using transformations of these estimates as the base features for a conventionally-trained Gaussian-mixture based system, we achieve relative error rate reductions of 35% or more on the multicondition Aurora noisy continuous digits task
title: Climate change impacts on berry shrub performance in treeline and tundra ecosystems
Creators: name: Siegwart Collier, Laura
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2020

description: Climate variability and warming are directly, indirectly and irrefutably driving widespread changes in global aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, with disproportionate poleward impacts. Across Arctic treeline and tundra, understanding how current and future changes will negatively affect subsistence resources is critical to mitigating climate change impacts on Indigenous peoples and northern flora and fauna.
 In this study, I looked to Inuit knowledge and western scientific approaches at local and regional scales across Inuit Nunangat (Inuit regions of Canada, including Nunavut, Nunavik, and Nunatsiavut) to explore and test the impacts of climate variability and warming on treeline and tundra berry species, which are critical resources in Arctic ecological and cultural systems. My central hypothesis, which is rooted in local, traditional and scientific knowledge, is that climate-driven expansion of tall-shrub canopies will negatively impact fruit production of dwarf berry shrubs.
 Through mixed methods approaches, including participatory interviews, climate analyses, ecological surveys, and experimental warming at different spatial and temporal scales, this study identifies the fundamental role of local processes in driving and explaining changes in dwarf berry shrub growth (abundance and height) and fruit production (occurrence and abundance of fruit) in eastern Low Arctic and Sub-Arctic Canada. The results consistently demonstrate that growth and fruit production of truly prostrate berry shrubs (i.e. Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Empetrum nigrum) with limited phenotypic plasticity in height growth are most at risk from warming and tundra shrubification in comparison to berry shrubs with greater height growth plasticity (V. uliginosum) due to canopy impacts on local resources. With this knowledge, I anticipate that the boundaries between low and tall shrub tundra plant communities will be zones of significant change in berry resources. Local resource mapping, with a specific focus on these transition zones will be critical to identifying priority areas for berry resource conservation and active management to ensure future access to a sustainable source of these culturally important resources.
Search for a Standard Model Higgs boson in the H -> ZZ -> llnunu decay channel using 4.7 fb-1 of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV data with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for a heavy Standard Model Higgs boson decaying via H -> ZZ -> llnunu, where l represents electrons or muons, is presented. It is based on proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb^-1. The data agree with the expected Standard Model backgrounds. Upper limits on the Higgs boson production cross section are derived for Higgs boson masses between 200 GeV and 600 GeV and the production of a Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass in the range 319 - 558 GeV is excluded at the 95% confidence level.
description: 11 pages plus author list (24 pages total), 6 figures, 1 table, submitted to Physics Letters B
God's Philanthropia and Human Disease: Theory of Neoplasia and the Orthodox Understanding of Original Sin as a Guide for Ethical Questions Involving Genetic Manipulation
Creators: name: Holodny, Andrei I.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Religion
Medical ethics

description: One of the difficult and thorny questions that a person can face both theologically and strictly on a person level is the suffering and dying of children. How can a benevolent and omnipotent God allow such a vast injustice toward innocents? What does the suffering of children say about our universe, her laws and the Creator of these laws? What should be the response of humankind toward such suffering? With the advent of powerful new technologies, especially those involving genetic manipulations, these questions have become much less theoretical and much more practical and acute. In this article is an attempt to outline certain points of contact between natural scientists and physicians, on the one hand, and theologians and pastors on the other. Because neoplastic diseases are my area of endeavor, I focus on childhood cancers. However, almost everything I have to say, both in in terms of science and theology, can be applied to other childhood maladies, especially congenital and inherited diseases.
Additional file 1 of Waist to height ratio is associated with an increased risk of mortality in Chinese patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Creators: name: Chen, Jianqiao
name: Li, Man
name: Hao, Benchuan
name: Cai, Yulun
name: Li, Huiying
name: Zhou, Wenli
name: Song, Yujian
name: Wang, Shiqi
name: Liu, Hongbin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional files 1: Supplementary Table 1. Cox regression analysis adjusted by covariates in Model 2.
Factorisation of N = 2 theories on the squashed 3-sphere
Creators: name: Pasquetti, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Partition functions of N=2 theories on the squashed 3-sphere have been recently shown to localise to matrix integrals. By explicitly evaluating the matrix integral we show that abelian partition functions can be expressed as a sum of products of two blocks. We identify the first block with the partition function of the vortex theory, with equivariant parameter hbar=2 Pi i b^2, defined on R^2 x S_1 corresponding to the b->0 degeneration of the ellipsoid. The second block gives the partition function of the vortex theory with equivariant parameter hbar^L=2 Pi i/b^2, on the dual R^2 x S_1 corresponding to the 1/b ->0 degeneration. The ellipsoid partition appears to provide the hbar -> hbar^L modular invariant non-perturbative completion of the vortex theory.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures. v2: added references, minor changes
Voice SourceWaveform Analysis and Synthesis Using Principal Component Analysis and Gaussian Mixture Modelling
Creators: name: Gudnason, Jon
name: Thomas, Mark R. P.
name: Naylor, Patrick A.
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Electrical engineering

description: The paper presents a voice source waveform modeling techniques based on principal component analysis (PCA) and Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM). The voice source is obtained by inverse-filtering speech with the estimated vocal tract filter. This decomposition is useful in speech analysis, synthesis, recognition and coding. Here, a data-driven approach is presented for signal decomposition and classification based on the principal components of the voice source. The principal components are analyzed and the 'prototype' voice source signals corresponding to the Gaussian mixture means are examined. We show how an unknown signal can be decomposed into its components and/or prototypes and resynthesized. We show how the techniques are suited for both low bitrate or high quality analysis/synthesis schemes.
Joint analysis of Higgs decays and electroweak precision observables in the Standard Model with a sequential fourth generation
Creators: name: Eberhardt, Otto
name: Herbert, Geoffrey
name: Lacker, Heiko
name: Lenz, Alexander
name: Menzel, Andreas
name: Nierste, Ulrich
name: Wiebusch, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the impact of LHC and Tevatron Higgs data on the viability of the Standard Model with a sequential fourth generation (SM4), assuming Dirac neutrinos and a Higgs mass of 125 GeV. To this end we perform a combined fit to the signal cross sections of pp -> H -> gamma gamma,ZZ*,WW* at the LHC, to p pbar -> VH -> V b bbar (V = W, Z) at the Tevatron and to the electroweak precision observables. Fixing the mass of the fourth generation down-type quark b' to 600 GeV we find best-fit values of m_t' = 632 GeV, m_l4 = 113.6 GeV and m_nu4 = 58.0 GeV for the other fourth-generation fermion masses. We compare the chi-square values and pulls of the different observables in the three and four-generation case and show that the data is better described by the three-generation Standard Model. We also investigate the effects of mixing between the third and fourth-generation quarks and of a future increased lower bound on the fourth-generation charged lepton mass of 250 GeV.
The role of small nucleolar Ribonucleoprotein complexes in lung cancer
Creators: name: Cui, Chunhong
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 572

description: Non-small cells lung cancer (NSCLC) sind nach wie vor eine der Hauptauslöser für den Krebstod in der ganzen Welt. Neue diagnostische und therapeutische Ziele sind dringend notwendig. Hier haben wir festgestellt, dass H/ACA-Box snoRNA und rRNA-Pseudouridyllierung als kritische Determinanten für nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkrebs (NSCLC). Der Verlust von NOP10 und die anschließende Reduktion der H/ACA-Box snoRNA und rRNA Pseudouridylliation könnten Lungenkrebszellen das Wachstum und die Kolonie-Bildung hemmen. NOP10 ist im Vergleich zu dem entgleichenden Lungengewebe stark in primären Lungenkarzinomen ausgedrückt. Hohe NOP10 mRNA und Proteinwerte, die mit einer schlechten Prognose bei NSCLC-Patienten verbunden sind. Der SnoRNAnome-CRISPR-Cas9-Knockout-Bildschirm deutete darauf hin, dass die genomische Löschung von SNORA65 oder SNORA7A und SNORA7B die Verbreitung von Lungenkrebszellen beeinflusst hat. Entsprechend wurden bei primären Lungenkrebsproben hohe Mengen an H/ACA-Box-SnoRNAs beobachtet, die mit den damit verbundenen Veränderungen der RRNA-Pseudouridyllierungswerte einhergehen. Zusammengenommen erfordert nicht-kleinzelliger Lungenkrebs H/ACA-Box-SnoRNPs mit entscheidenden Rollen für snoRNP-Komplexe sowie für mehrere spezifische einzelne SnoRNAs.
description: Non-small cells lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer death all over the world. New diagnostic and therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Here, we identified that H/ACA box snoRNA and rRNA pseudouridylation as critical determinants of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Loss of NOP10 and subsequent reduction of H/ACA box snoRNA and rRNA pseudouridylation could inhibit lung cancer cells growth and colony formation. NOP10 is highly expressed in primary lung carcinomas compared to matched lung tissue. High NOP10 mRNA and protein levels associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. SnoRNAnome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen indicated that genomic deletion of SNORA65 or SNORA7A and SNORA7B affected proliferation of lung cancer cells. Accordingly, high levels of H/ACA box snoRNAs was observed in primary lung cancer specimens with associated changes in rRNA pseudouridylation levels. Taken together, non-small cell lung cancer requires H/ACA box snoRNPs with crucial roles for snoRNP complexs as well as for several specific single snoRNAs.
Comparison of CDMS [100] and [111] oriented germanium detectors
Creators: name: Leman, S. W.
name: Hertel, S. A.
name: Kim, P.
name: Cabrera, B.
name: Silva, E. Do Couto E
name: Figueroa-Feliciano, E.
name: McCarthy, K. A.
name: Resch, R.
name: Sadoulet, B.
name: Sundqvist, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) utilizes large mass, 3" diameter $\times$ 1" thick target masses as particle detectors. The target is instrumented with both phonon and ionization sensors and comparison of energy in each channel provides event-by-event classification of electron and nuclear recoils. Fiducial volume is determined by the ability to obtain good phonon and ionization signal at a particular location. Due to electronic band structure in germanium, electron mass is described by an anisotropic tensor with heavy mass aligned along the symmetry axis defined by the [111] Miller index (L valley), resulting in large lateral component to the transport. The spatial distribution of electrons varies significantly for detectors which have their longitudinal axis orientations described by either the [100] or [111] Miller indices. Electric fields with large fringing component at high detector radius also affect the spatial distribution of electrons and holes. Both effects are studied in a 3 dimensional Monte Carlo and the impact on fiducial volume is discussed.
description: Low Temperature Detector 14 conference proceedings to be published in the Journal of Low Temperature Physics
An exploratory survey of heat stress management programs in the electric power industry
Creators: name: Kaltsatou, Antonia
name: Notley, Sean R.
name: Flouris, Andreas D.
name: Kenny, Glen P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Workers in the electric power industry commonly perform physically demanding jobs in hot environments, which combined with the protective clothing worn, places them at risk of disease and health problems related to occupational heat stress. With climate change fueling an increase in the occurrence of hot weather, a targeted approach to heat stress management within the industry is needed. To better understand current heat management practices and identify opportunities for refinement, we conducted an exploratory survey among 33 electric utility companies operating in the United States (n = 32) and Canada (n = 1). Forty-six employees responsible for health and safety of company workers completed 26 questions assessing heat stress as a workplace hazard and heat management practices within five categories: (1) use and administration of heat stress management program; (2) surveillance of heat stress and heat strain; (3) job evaluation and heat-mitigation guidance; (4) education and training programs; and (5) treatment of heat-related illness. While a majority of the respondents (87.0%) indicated heat stress is a workplace hazard and their organization has a heat stress management program (78.3%), less than half reported performing real-time monitoring of heat stress in the workplace (47.8%) or tracking worker heat strain (19.6%) (i.e., physiological response to heat stress). However, most organizations indicated they conducted pre-job evaluations for heat stress (71.7%) and implemented an employee training program on managing heat stress (73.9%). The latter included instruction on various short- and long-term heat-mitigation guidance for workers (e.g., use of work exposure limits, hydration protocols) and the prevention (52.2%) and treatment (63.1%) of heat-related illnesses. Altogether, our survey demonstrates that although many companies employ some form of a heat management program, the basic components defining the programs vary and are lacking for some companies. To maximize worker health and safety during work in hot environments, a consensus-based approach, which considers the five basic components of a heat management program, should be employed to formulate effective practices and methodologies for creating an industry-specific heat management strategy.
A pilot study of core body temperatures in healthcare workers wearing personal protective equipment in a high-level isolation unit
Creators: name: Herstein, Jocelyn J.
name: Abdoulaye, Abdoulaziz A.
name: Jelden, Katelyn C.
name: Le, Aurora B.
name: Beam, Elizabeth L.
name: Gibbs, Shawn G.
name: Hewlett, Angela L.
name: Vasa, Angela
name: Boulter, Kathleen C.
name: Stentz, Terry L.
name: Kopocis-Herstein, Kelli R.
name: ElRayes, Wael
name: Wichman, Chris
name: Lowe, John J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Personal protective equipment used by healthcare workers to mitigate disease transmission risks while caring for patients with high-consequence infectious diseases can impair normal body cooling mechanisms and exacerbate physiological strain. Symptoms of heat strain (e.g., cognitive impairment, confusion, muscle cramping) are especially harmful in the high-risk environment of high-consequence infectious disease care. In this pilot study, the core body temperatures of healthcare workers were assessed using an ingestible, wireless-transmission thermometer while performing patient care tasks common to a high-level isolation unit setting in powered air purifying respirator (PAPR)-level. The objective was to determine the potential for occupational health hazard due to heat stress in an environmentally controlled unit. Maximum core temperatures of the six participants ranged from 37.4 °C (99.3 °F) to 39.9 °C (103.8°F) during the 4-hr shift; core temperatures of half (n = 3) of the participants exceeded 38.5 °C (101.3 °F), the upper core temperature limit. Future investigations are needed to identify other heat stress risks both in and outside of controlled units. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic offers unique opportunities for field-based research on risks of heat stress related to personal protective equipment in healthcare workers that can lead to both short- and long-term innovations in this field.
Estimating the Number of Marine Mammals Using Recordings of Clicks from One Microphone
Creators: name: Halkias, Xanadu C.
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Electrical engineering

description: An important but challenging task is to extract information on the location and/or number of marine mammals present given recordings from an array of hydrophones. Systems such as the marine mammal monitoring on Navy Ranges (M3R) attempt to localize marine mammals as well as to get an estimate of their number using cross-correlation techniques on all available hydrophones. Our methodology offers the possibility to extract an estimate of the number of marine mammals given recordings from a single hydrophone, thus providing information to a researcher who does not have access to a larger array. The algorithm is based on three steps: detection of the clicks in the spectrogram using their energy, extraction of meaningful features, such as cepstral coefficients that are descriptive of the detected calls, and, lastly, choosing the appropriate number of clusters when using spectral clustering through the maximization of a given metric. The chosen number of clusters that best represents the data is an estimate of marine mammals present in the area. Informal analysis of the clustered clicks from example recordings shows that they are a good fit of the data, although a formal evaluation would require additional ground-truth. The algorithm was performed on several hydrophones in order to obtain some cross-validation of our results. Finally, the clusters were tracked in time using KL divergence. This algorithm could provide a first approximation on the number of vocalizing marine mammals using only one hydrophone.
Alternating subgroups of Coxeter groups and their spinor extensions
Creators: name: Ogievetsky, O. V.
name: d'Andecy, L. Poulain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Let $G$ be a discrete Coxeter group, $G^+$ its alternating subgroup and $\tilde{G}^+$ the spinor cover of $G^+$. A presentation of the groups $G^+$ and $\tilde{G}^+$ is proved for an arbitrary Coxeter system $(G,S)$; the generators are related to edges of the Coxeter graph. Results of the Coxeter--Todd algorithm - with this presentation - for the chains of alternating groups of types A, B and D are given.
Game theoretic approach for cooperative sensing and transmission in cognitive radio networks
Creators: name: Hao, Xiaolei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The concept of cognitive radio aims to increase the efficiency of spectrum usage. Besides, cooperation techniques, such as cooperative sensing and cooperative transmission, have been widely used to further enhance the performance of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In the first part of the thesis, we analyze both cooperative sensing and channel accessing in a CRN with multiple primary users (PUs) and multiple secondary users (SUs). We first propose a cooperative spectrum sensing and accessing (CSSA) scheme for all the SUs. We then formulate the multi-channel spectrum sensing and channel accessing problem as a hedonic coalition formation game. The value function of each coalition takes into account both the sensing accuracy and energy consumption. In order to implement our CSSA scheme, we propose an algorithm for decision node selection. Also, we propose an algorithm based on the switch rule for the SUs to make distributed decisions on whether to join or leave a coalition. We prove analytically that all the SUs will converge to a final network partition, which is both Nash-stable and individually stable. Besides, the proposed distributed algorithms can adapt the Nash-stable partition to environmental changes. Simulation results show that our CSSA scheme achieves a better performance than the noncooperative spectrum sensing and accessing (NSSA) scheme in terms of the average utility of SUs. In the second part of the thesis, we analyze the cooperative transmission in CRNs, where SU can be selected as the cooperative relay to assist PU’s transmission. In order to improve the performance, the PU needs to select the secondary relay and allocate time resources for cooperative transmission. Then, the SUs need to determine their strategies of random access. We first establish a model for cooperative cognitive radio networks. We then propose a cooperative transmission and random access (CTRA) scheme. Based on the sequential structure of the decision-making, we study the cooperative cognitive radio network and determine the equilibrium strategies for both the PU and SUs using the Stackelberg game. Simulation results show that both the PU and SUs achieve better performance compared with the noncooperative transmission and random access (NTRA) scheme.
Topological response in Weyl semimetals and the chiral anomaly
Creators: name: Zyuzin, A. A.
name: Burkov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that topological transport phenomena, characteristic of Weyl semimetals, namely the semi-quantized anomalous Hall effect and the chiral magnetic effect (equilibrium magnetic-field-driven current), may be thought of as two distinct manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon, the chiral anomaly. We show that the topological response in Weyl semimetals is fully described by a $θ$-term in the action for the electromagnetic field, where $θ$ is not a constant parameter, like e.g. in topological insulators, but is a field, which has a linear dependence on the space-time coordinates. We also show that the $θ$-term and the corresponding topological response survive for sufficiently weak translational symmetry breaking perturbations, which open a gap in the spectrum of the Weyl semimetal, eliminating the Weyl nodes.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, published version
A comparative study of thermally and chemically treated dairy waste: Impacts on soil phosphorus turnover and availability using 33P isotope dilution
Creators: name: Khomenko, Olha
name: Fenton, Owen
name: LEAHY, JAMES J
name: Daly, Karen
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023

description: Dairy processing sludge (DPS) and DPS-derived secondary products such as struvite, biochar, hydrochar and ash (collectively known as SRUBIAS) are emerging as alternatives to fertilizers produced from mined rock phosphate. However, little is known about how these products affect soil P availability and daily P turnover rates.. A lack of such information prevents precision nutrient management planning using these products out on farms. This study used a novel isotope dilution technique (IPD) with 33P as a tracer to compare P turnover in soils amended with chemically (alum-treated DPS and struvite) and thermally (biochar, hydrochar, ash) treated DPS. Results showed that thermally treated products exhibited poor agronomic performance as P fertilizers, potentially inhibiting P availability when applied to soils. For example, a P deficient soil amended with hydrochar treatment at the highest application rates did not record a build-up of available P to agronomic target values. In ash and biochar treated P deficient soils, available P increased but only with very high application rates of 150 and 80 mg P kg −1. The application of these products as fertilizers could have negative implications for both environmental and agronomic goals. Conversely, chemically treated fertilisers demonstrated better agronomic performance. The same agronomic target value was reached with application rates of only 20 mg P kg −1 soil for DPS and 50 mg P kg −1 soil for struvite. However, the techniques deployed revealed that these products exhibited slower rates of available and exchangeable P build-up when compared with chemical fertilisers. This suggests that these bio-based alternatives require higher application rates or earlier application times compared to conventional chemical fertilizers. Regulations providing advice on P use in agricultural soils need to account for slower P turnover in soils receiving recycled fertilizers. The IPD technique is transferrable to all wastes to examine their performance as fertilizers.
Comparison of Word-Based and Syllable-Based Retrieval for Tibetan
Creators: name: Hackett, Paul G.
name: Oard, Douglas W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Computer science
Language and languages

description: Tibetan retrieval based on automatically segmented words is compared with the use of overlapping syllable n-grams using a known-item retrieval evaluation. The optimal span of fixed-length n-grams is found to be 2 syllables, and indexing words is found to be as effective as indexing syllable bigrams.
Plenary Sessions (Opening, Keynote, Panel Discussions)
Creators: name: de Boer, Michiel
name: Munafo, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Slide Deck of the Plenary Sessions: Opening words by Michiel de Boer (NLRN), Keynote by Marcus Munafo (UKRN) and supporting slides for the the two panel discussions. This includes the results of the workshops.
Fire Spread in Liquefied Petroleum Gas Cylinder Stores
Creators: name: Avery, Graham W.
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 1991

description: The storage of large numbers of Liquefied Petroleum Gas cylinders at filling plants and distribution depots is necessary to quickly restock retail outlets. In the event of a fire, this may present a considerable hazard to fire service personnel and to the surrounding community. The majority of LPG cylinders are fitted with pressure relief valves in order to prevent explosion when exposed to fire. Incidents where large numbers of cylinders have been involved in fires have demonstrated that although the prvs do not always prevent explosions, they markedly reduce their severity. A consequence of fitting prvs to cylinders is that fire spreads rapidly through stacks of cylinders due to the action of the flares from the relief valves on other cylinders in the stack. This study examines the mechanism of fire spread and models the processes involved by the use of computer simulations. Three computer models were written: The Single Cylinder Model examines the thermo-hydraulic behaviour of a single LPG cylinder when exposed to fire including the pressure within the cylinder and the temperatures of the cylinder and its contents. A comprehensive set of heat transfer paths into, through and within the cylinder are modelled together with bulk boiling of the liquid contents, venting of the material through the prv and failure of the cylinder. The model predictions have been found to be in good agreement with experimental data. The Simple Stack Model uses a graphic display to illustrate the fire spread based on a simple heat transfer model approximated from experimental data. The Rigorous Stack Model combines the previous models with a procedure for the calculation of radiative/convective heat transfer from a prv flare to cylinders in a stack, which included an _ empirical correlation for the combined emissivity/configuration factor. This correlation was developed from the results of an experimental programme, which involved measuring the heat input to water filled cylinders from a simulated prv flare. The fire spread was again illustrated by the use of a graphic display. The discharge coefficient for a typical pressure relief valve was determined experimentally and was used in the Rigorous Stack Model and the Single Cylinder Model to calculate the LPG release rate. The Rigorous Stack Model was used to simulate earlier experimental trials. Some values of the input parameters could not be sufficiently well defined from the results of these trials, but reasonable agreement was obtained between the small scale experiments and the simulation.
Flat bands with non-trivial topology in three dimensions
Creators: name: Weeks, C.
name: Franz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a simple model for electrons in a three-dimensional crystal where a combination of short-range hopping and spin-orbit coupling results in nearly flat bands characterized by a non-trivial Z2 topological index. The flat band is separated from other bands by a bandgap much larger than the bandwidth. We discuss the fate of the many-body ground state of electrons in the flat band in the presence of repulsive interactions at partial filling and conjecture that it may become a three-dimensional fractional topological insulator if conventional magnetic instabilities can be avoided.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; references updated, minor changes to improve clarity of text, version to appear in PRB/RC
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISCURSIVE COMPETENCE IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Creators: name: Rustamova, Dilobar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article analyzes the characteristics of developing discourse competence in high school students. Discourse competence includes students’ ability to construct oral and written speech in a logical, coherent, and understandable manner. The article provides detailed information on the components of discourse competence, effective methods for its development, and pedagogical technologies. Additionally, the importance of using interactive methods, linguistic and pragmatic exercises, and modern information technologies is highlighted. The research findings demonstrate the impact of discourse competence on students’ critical thinking, communicative adaptability, and academic achievements.