cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The adaptive evolution database (TAED).
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Adaptation, Physiological
Animals
Cattle
Computational Biology
Conserved Sequence
Databases, Genetic
Databases, Nucleic Acid
Evolution, Molecular
Genes
Genetic Variation
Likelihood Functions
Mutagenesis
Phylogeny
Proteins
Sequence Alignment
Structure-Activity Relationship

description: BACKGROUND: The Master Catalog is a collection of evolutionary families, including multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic trees and reconstructed ancestral sequences, for all protein-sequence modules encoded by genes in GenBank. It can therefore support large-scale genomic surveys, of which we present here The Adaptive Evolution Database (TAED). In TAED, potential examples of positive adaptation are identified by high values for the normalized ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution rates (KA/KS values) on branches of an evolutionary tree between nodes representing reconstructed ancestral sequences. RESULTS: Evolutionary trees and reconstructed ancestral sequences were extracted from the Master Catalog for every subtree containing proteins from the Chordata only or the Embryophyta only. Branches with high KA/KS values were identified. These represent candidate episodes in the history of the protein family when the protein may have undergone positive selection, where the mutant form conferred more fitness than the ancestral form. Such episodes are frequently associated with change in function. An unexpectedly large number of families (between 10% and 20% of those families examined) were found to have at least one branch with high KA/KS values above arbitrarily chosen cut-offs (1 and 0.6). Most of these survived a robustness test and were collected into TAED. CONCLUSIONS: TAED is a raw resource for bioinformaticists interested in data mining and for experimental evolutionists seeking candidate examples of adaptive evolution for further experimental study. It can be expanded to include other evolutionary information (for example changes in gene regulation or splicing) placed in a phylogenetic perspective.
Evolution enters the genomic era
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Animals
subject: Base Sequence
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolution, Molecular
subject: Genetics, Population
subject: Genome
subject: Humans
subject: Molecular Epidemiology
subject: RNA
subject: Selection, Genetic

description: A report on the 18th Congress of the European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB), Aarhus, Denmark, 20-25 August, 2001.
Electron Spin Resonance across the Charge-ordering Transition in YBaMn2O6
Creators: name: Zakharov, D.
name: Deisenhofer, J.
name: von Nidda, H. -A. Krug
name: Nakajima, T.
name: Ueda, Y.
name: Loidl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the metal-ordered manganite system YBaMn2O6 using electron spin resonance (ESR) in the paramagnetic regime across the charge-ordering and structural phase transition at T_CO = 480 K and T_t = 520 K, respectively. All ESR parameters exhibit jump-like changes at T_t while the charge-ordering at T_CO manifests itself only as a weak and broad anomaly. Above T_t the ESR spin susceptibility is reduced with respect to the dc-susceptibility, indicating that only the t_2g-core spins of Mn ions contribute to the resonance absorption. The contribution of the e_g-spins is suppressed by the time scale of the polaronic hopping process of the e_g-electrons. The linewidth in this regime is reminiscent of a Korringa-type relaxation behavior. In this picture the ESR properties below T_t are dominated by the slowing down of the polaronic hopping process. The charge fluctuations persist down to the temperature T* ~ 410 K, below which the system can be described as a charge-ordered assembly of Mn$^{3+}$ and Mn$^{4+}$ spins.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRB
title: Effects of Heat Treatment and Post-Treatment Holding Time on Rennet-Clotting Properties of Milk
Creators: name: Ustunol, Zeynep
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1983

description: Samples of raw whole milk were heated at L5, 50 and 75 C for 0, 30, 60, llU and 240 min. After heat treatment each sample was subdivided and portions held at O C for 0, 30, 60 and 120 min. In a second experiment samples of milk were heated at 25 and 50 C for the same lengths of time as before but this time at 75 C for only 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. A constant holding time of 30 min was used after the heat treatments. Following the various heat treatments pH of each sample was measured and rennet clotting properties of milk at a constant rennet concentration were determined using the Formagraph instrument. The 75 C heat treatment of both experiments was left out from the statistical analysis.
Results obtained in the first experiment indicate that cold storage at O C for up to 120 min has no significant effect on pH or on rennet-clotting properties of milk. Milk that was heated at 75 C for 30 min or longer did not coagulate. Results of the second experiment show that increase from 25 C to 50 C and extended heating time both reduce pH and clotting time. However, curd firming rate and cutting time are only affected by the length of time that the milk is heated. When milk is heated at 75 C coagulation time, curd firming rate and cutting time of curd are severely retarded.
Proteomics in alcohol research
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Alcoholism
Gene Expression
Humans
Molecular Biology
Proteomics

description: The proteome is the complete set of proteins in an organism. It is considerably larger and more complex than the genome - the collection of genes that encodes these proteins. Proteomics deals with the qualitative and quantitative study of the proteome under physiological and pathological conditions (e.g., after exposure to alcohol, which causes major changes in numerous proteins of different cell types). To map large proteomes such as the human proteome, proteins from discrete tissues, cells, cell components, or biological fluids are first separated by high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis and multidimensional liquid chromatography. Then, individual proteins are identified by mass spectrometry. The huge amount of data acquired using these techniques is analyzed and assembled by fast computers and bioinformatics tools. Using these methods, as well as other technological advances, alcohol researchers can gain a better understanding of how alcohol globally influences protein structure and function, protein-protein interactions, and protein networks. This knowledge ultimately will assist in the early diagnosis and prognosis of alcoholism and the discovery of new drug targets and medications for treatment.
The application of molecular markers to Eucalyptus globulus tree improvement
Creators: name: Freeman, Jules Simon
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Molecular markers are being applied increasingly to various aspects of tree improvement. This thesis reports two such applications. The first involves tracing the natural origins and assessing the genetic diversity of the Portuguese Landrace of E. globulus, which is a core component of the Portuguese breeding program. In order to achieve this, variation in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequence and microsatellite allele frequency in 47 individuals of the Portuguese Landrace were compared with native stand material. The native gene pool of E. globulus is genetically diverse, with substantial geographically structured genetic variation in molecular markers, which makes it possible to trace the origin of germplasm of unknown pedigree, such as the Portuguese Landrace. Similar affinities suggested by the two independent marker systems provided strong evidence that the Portuguese Landrace was predominantly derived from south-eastern Tasmania and to a lesser extent south-eastern Victoria. Ascertaining the origin of and diversity in such populations will help to avoid inbreeding and will capture the most favourable traits from native populations when they are used in breeding programs. The second application of molecular markers addressed in this thesis involved the construction of a genetic linkage map and searching for molecular markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) in E. globulus. This study focussed on identifying QTL for susceptibility to Mycosphaerella leaf blotch (MLB), a fungal disease affecting the growth of eucalypt plantations worldwide, and other potentially correlated traits. In order to search for QTL, parental and consensus linkage maps were constructed in an F2 inter-provenance cross of Eucalyptus globulus with clonal replication. The consensus map used for QTL detection contained 169 markers (34 SSR and 135 AFLP loci) in 11 linkage groups. The inclusion of SSR markers allowed comparison of linkage and QTL information to other mapping and QTL studies conducted in different mapping pedigrees of E. globulus and other species in the subgenus Symphyomyrtus. The F2 was genetically variable, with significant differences detected between genotypes for all recorded traits. Significant QTL were detected for susceptibility to MLB, herbivory by the autumn gum moth, growth and vegetative phase change. In the case of MLB susceptibility, two major unlinked QTL explained over 70% of the phenotypic variance. This study reports the first QTL affecting height to vegetative phase change and disease resistance in E. globulus. These findings will help to elucidate the genetic control of these complex traits in Eucalyptus, and provide information that will be useful in attempts to incorporate them into breeding programs.
Rapid changes in meridional advection of Southern Ocean intermediate waters to the tropical Pacific during the last 30 kyr
Creators: name: Pena Gonzalez, Leopoldo
name: Goldstein, Steven L.
name: Hemming, Sidney R.
name: Jones, Kevin M.
name: Calvo, E.
name: Pelejero, C.
name: Cacho, I.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Chemical oceanography
subject: Biogeochemistry

description: The Southern Ocean is increasingly recognized as a key player in the general ocean thermohaline circulation and the global climate system during glacial–interglacial transitions. In particular, the advection of Southern Ocean intermediate waters (SOIW), like Antarctic Intermediate Water and Sub-Antarctic Mode Water, to the Eastern Equatorial Pacific (EEP), through a so-called “oceanic tunnelling” mechanism, is an important means for rapid transfer of climatic signals (such as heat, fresh water, salt, and chemical species) from high-to-low latitudes. However, information on how intermediate water advection rates changed in the past, and particularly during deglaciations, is fragmentary. We present new results for Nd isotopes (εNd) in cleaned foraminifera shells (Neogloboquadrina dutertrei) for the last 30 kyr at ODP Site 1240 in the EEP. N. dutertrei preferentially dwells in the lower thermocline, at the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC), and the εNd variability over time provides a record of the changes in the εNd of the EUC. Through mixing models we show that the EUC record is primarily controlled by changes in the volume transport of intermediate waters and not by Southern Ocean εNd changes. Southern Ocean signals in the EUC are stronger during colder intervals (Younger Dryas, last glacial maximum and Heinrich stadials 1 and 2), in agreement with tropical Atlantic intermediate water records. In addition, covariations between N. dutertrei δ13C, molecular biomarkers, and diatom productivity at Site 1240 confirm the intermediate water route as an important mechanism for the transfer of climate signals from high-to-low latitudes. Changes in the SOIW chemistry during the deglaciation are likely linked to the upwelling of ‘old’ deep waters in the Southern Ocean and subsequent export as intermediate waters, which are coeval with the atmospheric CO2 rise. Moreover, a comparison of multiple proxy records for the last 30 kyr indicates a latitudinal shift and/or a change in the convection depth of intermediate waters in the Southern Ocean prior to the onset of the deglaciation.
IR Dust Bubbles II: Probing the Detailed Structure and Young Massive Stellar Populations of Galactic HII Regions
Creators: name: Watson, C.
name: Corn, T.
name: Churchwell, E. B.
name: Babler, B. L.
name: Povich, M. S.
name: Meade, M. R.
name: Whitney, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of late-O/early-B-powered, parsec-sized bubbles and associated star-formation using 2MASS, GLIMPSE, MIPSGAL and MAGPIS surveys. Three bubbles were selected from the Churchwell et al. (2007) catalog. We confirm that the structure identified in Watson et al. (2008) holds in less energetic bubbles, i.e. a PDR, identified by 8 um emission due to PAHs surrounds hot dust, identified by 24 um emission and ionized gas, identified by 20 cm continuum. We estimate the dynamical age of two bubbles by comparing bubble sizes to numerical models of Hosokawa & Inutsuka (2006). We also identify and analyze candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) using SED fitting and identify sites of possible triggered star-formation. Lastly, we identify likely ionizing sources for two sources based on SED fitting.
description: ApJ, in press
Tasmanian trade unions and women's issues 1960-2000 : experiences of women in senior positions
Creators: name: Dowling, KA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: In the 1990s, Australian trade unions faced an unprecedented battle for survival. Traditional union heartlands were rapidly diminishing and potential union members were now located among previously marginalised, and underrepresented, groups of workers. A key challenge confronting unions was to maintain relevance and increase membership in the new Australian industrial landscape. In the 1990s, the labour movement at large acknowledged that, in order to appeal to traditionally non-unionised groups of workers such as women, formal union structures must be more representative at senior levels. This was especially the case with women who, as workers and as union members, would require unions' commitment to major structural and cultural change. However, trade unions were traditionally male-oriented, paternalistic hierarchies that have long consigned women and women's issues to the margins of union activity. Firmly entrenched gender relations presented a significant strategic barrier to effective structural and cultural change. Unions were therefore confronted with a dual challenge: firstly, to effect a major transformation in union attitudes towards women and women's issues, and secondly, to reform traditional, hierarchical union structures as female-friendly organisations that would appeal to women activists. In Tasmania, a historically socially and politically conservative state, there have been a number of significant 'breakthroughs' by women into positions of influence in the union movement. A review of the literature identifies a gap in the historical record of female union activism in Tasmania in the late 20th Century. This thesis records and analyses the experiences of three Tasmanian women who played significant roles in unions in this period. It adds valuable personal narratives to Tasmania's recorded labour history and makes an original contribution to the literature on women in unions. Analysis and interpretation of the lived experiences of three pioneering Tasmanian union women enables this thesis to offer a historically specific perspective on the Australian trade union movement's campaign to promote women as leaders within the movement.
Transition regimes for growing crack populations
Creators: name: Spyropoulos, Chrysanthe
name: Scholz, Christopher H.
name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Plate tectonics

description: Numerous observational papers on crack populations in the material and geological sciences suggest that cracks evolve in such a way as to organize in specific patterns. However, very little is known about how and why the self-organization comes about. We use a model of tensilelike cracks with friction in order to study the time and space evolution of normal faults. The premise of this spring-block analog is that one could model crustal deformation for long time scales assuming a brittle layer coupled to a ductile substrate. The long time-scale physics incorporated into the model are slip-weakening friction, strain-hardening rheology for coupling the two layers, and randomly distributed yield strength of the brittle layer. We investigate how the evolution of populations of cracks depends on these three effects, using linear stability analysis to calculate the stable regimes for the friction as well as numerical simulations to model the nonlinear interactions of the cracks. We find that we can scale the problem to reduce the relevant parameters to a single one, the slip weakening. We show that the distribution of lengths of active cracks makes a transition from an exponential at very low strains, where crack nucleation prevails, to a power law at low to intermediate strains, where crack growth prevails, to an exponential distribution of the largest cracks at higher strains, where coalescence dominates. There is evidence of these different length distributions in continental and oceanic normal faults. For continental deformation the strain is low, and the faults have power-law frequency-size distributions. For mid-ocean ridge flanks the strain is greater, up to an order of magnitude higher than the continental strain, and faults have exponential-like frequency-size distributions. No theory has been offered to explain this difference in the distributions of continental and mid-ocean faults. In this paper we argue that they are indicative of different stages of evolution. The former faults are at an early stage of relatively small deformation, while the latter are at a later stage of the evolution. For high strain the faults reach a saturation regime with system size cracks evenly spaced in proportion to the brittle layer thickness. We asymptotically approximate the time space evolution of faults as a long time-scale phenomenon, thereby avoiding modeling the short time-scale earthquakes. We show that this assumption is valid, which implies that the faults that creep and faults with earthquakes display the same time and space evolutions.
The evolutionary position of nematodes
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Animals
Bias
Caenorhabditis elegans
Drosophila melanogaster
Evolution, Molecular
Humans
Models, Biological
Mutation
Nuclear Proteins
Phylogeny

description: Background: The complete genomes of three animals have been sequenced by global research efforts: a nematode worm (Caenorhabditis elegans), an insect (Drosophila melanogaster), and a vertebrate (Homo sapiens). Remarkably, their relationships have yet to be clarified. The confusion concerns the enigmatic position of nematodes. Traditionally, nematodes have occupied a basal position, in part because they lack a true body cavity. However, the leading hypothesis now joins nematodes with arthropods in a molting clade, Ecdysozoa, based on data from several genes. Results: We tested the Ecdysozoa hypothesis with analyses of more than 100 nuclear protein alignments, under conditions that would expose biases, and found that it was not supported. Instead, we found significant support for the traditional hypothesis, Coelomata. Our result is robust to different rates of sequence change among genes and lineages, different numbers of taxa, and different species of nematodes. Conclusion: We conclude that insects (arthropods) are genetically and evolutionarily closer to humans than to nematode worms. © 2002 Blair et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Tracking adaptive evolutionary events in genomic sequences
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Animals
Codon
Computational Biology
Drosophila
Drosophila Proteins
Drosophila melanogaster
Evolution, Molecular
Genes, Insect
Genome
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Selection, Genetic

description: As more gene and genomic sequences from an increasing assortment of species become available, new pictures of evolution are emerging. Improved methods can pinpoint where positive and negative selection act in individual codons in specific genes on specific branches of phylogenetic trees. Positive selection appears to be important in the interaction between genotype, protein structure, function, and organismal phenotype.
Mouse ribonuclease III. cDNA structure, expression analysis, and chromosomal location
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 0604 Genetics
subject: 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology
subject: Biomedical
subject: Basic Science
subject: Emerging Infectious Diseases
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning

description: Background: Members of the ribonuclease III superfamily of double-stranded(ds)-RNA-specific endoribonucleases participate in diverse RNA maturation and decay pathways in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. A human RNase III orthologue has been implicated in ribosomal RNA maturation. To better understand the structure and mechanism of mammalian RNase III and its involvement in RNA metabolism we determined the cDNA structure, chromosomal location, and expression patterns of mouse RNase III. Results: The predicted mouse RNase III polypeptide contains 1373 amino acids (∼160 kDa). The polypeptide exhibits a single C-terminal dsRNA-binding motif (dsRBM), tandem catalytic domains, a proline-rich region (PRR) and an RS domain. Northern analysis and RT-PCR reveal that the transcript (4487 nt) is expressed in all tissues examined, including extraembryonic tissues and the midgestation embryo. Northern analysis indicates the presence of an additional, shorter form of the transcript in testicular tissue. Fluorescent in situ hybridization demonstrates that the mouse RNase III gene maps to chromosome 15, region B, and that the human RNase III gene maps to a syntenic location on chromosome 5p13-p14. Conclusions: The broad transcript expression pattern indicates a conserved cellular role(s) for mouse RNase III. The putative polypeptide is highly similar to human RNase III (99% amino acid sequence identity for the two catalytic domains and dsRBM), but is distinct from other eukaryotic orthologues, including Dicer, which is involved in RNA interference. The mouse RNase III gene has a chromosomal location distinct from the Dicer gene. © 2002 Fortin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
title: Effect of Iron on Residual Nitrite Level in Ground Pork and Model Systems
Creators: name: Kim, Changmin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1985

description: The effects of iron, temperature, and presence of botulinal spores or sodium ascorbate on depletion of nitrite level were determined in meat and model systems. Higher temperature and presence of botulinal spores definitely increased nitrite depletion in a meat system. Added hemoglobin also significantly increased nitrite depletion, while ferrous iron and ferric iron did not significantly decrease nitrite level in a meat system. High temperature and presence of sodium ascorbate increased nitrite depletion in a model system. Only ferrous iron significantly decreased nitrite level in the absence of ascorbate, while ferric iron, heme iron, and ferritin iron did not decrease nitrite level in the absence of ascorbate. Ferrous iron, ferric iron, and heme iron decreased nitrite level in the presence of ascorbate, while ferritin iron did not decrease nitrite level in a model system.
The retinoblastoma family: Twins or distant cousins?
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Animals
Apoptosis
Cell Differentiation
Chromosome Mapping
Evolution, Molecular
Genes, Retinoblastoma
Humans
Mice
Neovascularization, Physiologic
Nuclear Proteins
Phosphoproteins
Phylogeny
Plants
Proteins
Rats
Retinoblastoma Protein
Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107
Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130

description: The destiny of a cell - whether it undergoes division, differentiation or death - results from an intricate balance of many regulators, including oncoproteins, tumor-suppressor proteins and cell-cycle-associated proteins. One of the better-studied tumor suppressors is the retinoblastoma protein, known as pRb or p105. Two recently identified proteins, pRb2/p130 and p107, show structural and functional similarities to pRb, and these proteins and their orthologs make up the retinoblastoma (Rb) family. Members of the family have been found in animals and plants, and a related protein is known in the alga Chlamydomonas. Members of the Rb family are bound and inactivated by viral proteins and, in turn, bind cellular transcription factors and repress their function, and can also form complexes with cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases and with histone deacetylases. The are found in the nucleus and their subnuclear localization depends on binding to the nuclear matrix. Members of the family form part of a signal-transduction pathway called the Rb pathway, which is important in cell-cycle regulation and have roles in growth suppression, differentiation and apoptosis in different organisms and cell types.
title: Iron Requirement of Clostridium Botulinum Type a and Characterization of Iron-Sulfur Proteins in Nitrite Treated and Untreated Botulinal Cells
Creators: name: Reddy, Divya Shree A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1985

description: The effect of added iron on the growth of Clostridium botulinum type A in a chemically defined medium was studied. Growth of C. botulinum was supported by an iron level of 0.05 ug/ml with maximum growth observed at a level of 3 ug iron/ml.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were conducted to detect the presence of iron-sulfur centers and iron-nitric oxide complexes in untreated and nitrite treated cell-free extracts of C. botulinum type A. Untreated extracts of C. botulinum exhibited EPR signals in the oxidized and reduced states characteristic of a "HiPiP-type" iron-sulfur center (g=2.02) in the oxidized state and a reduced signal at g=l.94, characteristic of a reduced iron-sulfur center. Extracts of C. botulinum treated with nitrite exhibited an EPR signal at g=2.035, characteristic of iron-nitrosyl complexes, with the simultaneous disappearance of the the signal at g=l.94. This indicates that nitrite reacts with the iron-sulfur centers in botulinal cells to form iron-nitrosyl complexes. Addition of ascorbate with nitrite intensified the EPR signal at g=2.035, probably by enhancing the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide.
A cytochrome c reduction method was used for the determination of ferredoxin activity in untreated and nitrite treated cells of C. botulinum type A from which ferredoxin had been partially purified. Untreated extracts of C. botulinum reduced cytochrome c which demonstrates ferredoxin activity within the cells. Treatment of the cells with nitrite at a level of 1000 ppm for 45 min was found to inhibit ferredoxin activity by 90%. Boiling the partially purified ferredoxin from the untreated cells for 5 min inactivated the protein.
Pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity in partially purified extracts of nitrite treated and untreated cells of C. botulinum was determined by assaying for FAD reduction and acylhydroxamate formation. Nitrite treated cells exhibited an inhibition of 70% of FAD reducing activity and 80% inhibition of acylhydroxamate formation when compared to the untreated cells. Boiling inhibited the activity of partially purified oxidoreductase activity by more than 90% in both the assays.
title: Effect of Proteolytic Activity of Streptococcus cremoris on Cottage Cheese Yield
Creators: name: Stoddard, Gary W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1985

description: Using proteinase negative variants of Streptococcus cremoris UC310 or UC320 to manufacture cottage cheese, theoretical yields were increased 1 .97% and 1 .56% respectively when compared to the theoretical yields of the proteinase positive parents. Yield differences were strain dependent and differences between positive and negative variants were not manifest with strains of UC73 and UC97. It was necessary to produce bulk culture using pH control and to add sufficient nitrogenous stimulant to provide carry-over stimulant into the cheese milk. All cultures examined developed normally even when the bulk medium contained a blend of 5% yeast extract and casein hydrolysate. It was possible to use the culture to complete the required acidification after direct acidification to pH 5.2 with phosphoric acid. Careful selection of lactic
Magnetic frustration in an iron based Cairo pentagonal lattice
Creators: name: Ressouche, Eric
name: Simonet, Virginie
name: Canals, Benjamin
name: Gospodinov, Marin
name: Skumryev, Vassil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fe3+ lattice in the Bi2Fe4O9 compound is found to materialize the first analogue of a magnetic pentagonal lattice. Due to its odd number of bonds per elemental brick, this lattice, subject to first neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions, is prone to geometric frustration. The Bi2Fe4O9 magnetic properties have been investigated by macroscopic magnetic measurements and neutron diffraction. The observed non-collinear magnetic arrangement is related to the one stabilized on a perfect tiling as obtained from a mean field analysis with direct space magnetic configurations calculations. The peculiarity of this structure arises from the complex connectivity of the pentagonal lattice, a novel feature compared to the well-known case of triangle-based lattices.
Lentil rust in north-west of Algeria caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae
Creators: name: Kouadri, Mohamed El Amine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 70308 Crop and Pasture Protection (Pests, Diseases and Weeds)
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: The present study aimed to survey and evaluate the lentil rust disease in the northwest of Algeria and to provide more information regarding the current state of lentil culture to rust disease attacks.
Is There a Role for Sequence Stratigraphy in Chronostratigraphy?
Creators: name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Pekar, Stephen F.
name: Madof, Andrew S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Geology, Stratigraphic
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Sequence stratigraphy revolutionized the field of stratigraphy in the late 1970s and 1980s by providing an interpretive depositional framework for integrating diverse stratigraphic data at the scale of sedimentary basins. However, a lack of consensus on criteria for recognizing, mapping and hence dating sequence boundaries, interpretations of uneven quality, and doubts about the universal eustatic origin and global synchrony of unconformity-related sequences limit the usefulness of sequence stratigraphy in chronostratigraphy.
The salmon genome (and other issues in bioinformatics)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Animals
Computational Biology
Evolution, Molecular
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation
Genome
Norway
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Phylogeny
Proteins
Salmon

description: A report on the fourth annual conference of the Society for Bioinformatics in the Nordic Countries (SOCBIN), Bioinformatics 2002, Bergen, Norway, 4-7 April 2002.
Optimal pre and postfiltering of noisy sampled signals - particular applications to PAM, PCM and DPCM communication systems.
Creators: name: Chan, Donald
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In many control, data-processing, and communication systems, sampling is an inherent part of the system. If the time-continuous input signal is nonbandlimited, and noise is introduced in the system, an unavoidable error exists between the actual reconstructed signal and the desired time-continuous output signal. This error can be reduced by the suitable choice of prefilter prior to sampling and by the suitable choice of post-filter for reconstructing the time-continuous signal from the samples. In this thesis, an algorithm for determining the jointly optimal pre and post-filters which minimize the frequency weighted mean-integral-squared error of the system is presented, and the validity of the algorithm is proved. In the analysis, no restrictions are placed on the input signal spectrum or the noise spectrum, and the cross-correlation between signal and noise is taken into account. Applications of the optimization algorithm to M-channel time-multiplexed PAM systems, PCM systems with digital channels errors, and DPCM systems are considered. Performance characteristics, showing mean-squared error and inband signal-to-noise ratio versus channel signal-to-noise ratio, are determined explicitly for optimal pre and postfiltered PAM and PCM systems with first-order Butterworth input spectrum. These characteristics are compared with those of PAM and PCM systems which use suboptimal filtering schemes and with the optimal performance theoretically attainable. Performance characteristics, showing mean-squared error versus channel capacity, are also determined for PAM, PCM, and DPCM systems when the systems parameters are optimized to yield the least mean-squared error for a given channel capacity. Because of the subjective nature of speech, the effect of pre and postfilters in PAM, PCM and DPCM communication systems for speech transmission is studied by simulation methods and evaluated with subjective tests. Weak noise pre and postfilters (WNF), which yield virtually the same performance as optimal pre and postfilters, are considered in the subjective evaluation, in addition to lowpass pre and postfilters (LPF). The digital simulation facilities and the subjective testing methods are described, and the subjective results interpreted. It was observed that no significant subjective improvement resulted when WNF were used in place of LPF in PAM and DPCM systems. In PCM systems, significant differences in WNF and LPF subjective performances could exist. Using the analytical results, an explanation for the subjective behaviour is presented.
Additional file 2 of Sphingosine kinase 1 contributes to the metastatic potential of epithelial ovarian cancer to the adipocyte-rich niche
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Ye, Taiyang
name: Wang, Wenjing
name: Song, Keqi
name: Zhu, Jie
name: Dai, Lan
name: Di, Wen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1 Inhibition of SphK1 by siRNA suppressed adipocyte-induced metastasis of HEY cells. A Adipocyte isolation. Primary human omentum tissues were collected and mature adipocytes were extracted. Adipocytes were visualized by (i) microscopy, (ii) stained with Oil red O to confirm the extraction of mature adipocytes, and (iii) by fluorescence microscopy with calcein-AM to confirm viability. The scale bar represents 100 μm. B HEY cells were transfected with negative control siRNA or SphK1 siRNA. 24 h after transfection, mRNA level of SphK1 was determined by qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). **P < 0.01; two-tailed Student’s t test. C 48 h after transfection, protein level of SphK1 was determined by Western blot and normalized to GAPDH. Densitometric analysis of SphK1 was shown on the right. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). **P < 0.01; two-tailed Student’s t test. D Representative images of migration assay (200×). Transfected HEY cells were serum starved overnight and migrated towards SFM or adipocyte CM. Migrated cells were photographed and calculated. Experiments have been carried out with adipocytes from 2 to 3 independent donors. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05; two-tailed Student’s t-test. E Representative images of invasion assay (200×). Transfected HEY cells were serum starved overnight and invaded towards SFM or adipocyte CM. Invaded cells were photographed and calculated. Experiments have been carried out with adipocytes from 2 to 3 independent donors. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05; two-tailed Student’s t test
'Policy on the run' : transportation, the law, and empire : the case of Van Diemen's Land
Creators: name: Gunn, Thomas
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The approach to the bicentennial of the British settlement of Australia in 1988 generated renewed interest in a broad spectrum of Australian history. One genre that was heavily revised was that of convict studies. Convicts and convictism and their role in the early development of white settlement have been much re-examined. A significant body of work has been focussed on convicts as unfree labour and unwilling emigrants. Because of this focus emphasis has been placed on convict agency and their ability to resist the system. As a body they have been dissected into micro groups to explain how the system then impacted on the individual. Few works have looked the other way and seen how the individual impacted on the system. By both their presence and their agency, convicts forced changes to the way in which the Empire conducted transportation. This thesis examines these aspects to see how this took place. That examination is then taken further to look at how changes to the system of transportation impacted not only on the obvious relationship between the various Australian colonies, but also those colonies relations with others within the British Empire, and ultimately on how it impacted on relations between the colonies and the metropolis. While writers such as Hirst, Sturma, Neal, and Atkinson have examined aspects of convict impact on colonial society and its development, their work has been largely introspective with their focus on New South Wales prior to 1840. This thesis aims to broaden the examination to include the effects created by continued transportation to Van Diemen's Land and, later, Western Australia.
Intrinsic properties of a Burridge-Knopoff model of an earthquake fault
Creators: name: Carlson, Jean M.
name: Langer, James S.
name: Shaw, Bruce E.
name: Tang, Chao
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: Seismology
Seismology--Mathematical models
Plate tectonics

description: We present a detailed numerical study of certain fundamental aspects of a one-dimensional homogeneous, deterministic Burridge-Knopoff model. The model is described by a massive wave equation, in which the key nonlinearity is associated with the stick-slip velocity-weakening friction force at the interface between tectonic plates. In this paper, we present results for the statistical distribution of slipping events in the limit of a very long fault and infinitesimally slow driving rates. Typically, we find that the magnitude distribution of smaller events is consistent with the Gutenberg-Richter law, while the larger events occur in excess of this distribution. The crossover from smaller to larger events is identified with a correlation length describing the transition from localized to delocalized events. We also find that there is a sharp upper cutoff describing the maximum large event. We identify how the correlation length and this upper cutoff scale with the parameters in the model. We find that both are independent of system size, while both do depend on the spatial discretization. In addition to the magnitude distribution, we present a series of measurements of other seismologically relevant quantities, including the event duration, the size of the rupture zone, and the energy release, and discuss the relationship between our measurements and the corresponding empirical laws in seismology.
1D-3D hybrid modeling-from multi-compartment models to full resolution models in space and time
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: calcium dynamics
electrical stimulation
hybrid
parallel
detailed modeling
intracellular signaling
neuron
PDEs

description: Investigation of cellular and network dynamics in the brain by means of modeling and simulation has evolved into a highly interdisciplinary field, that uses sophisticated modeling and simulation approaches to understand distinct areas of brain function. Depending on the underlying complexity, these models vary in their level of detail, in order to cope with the attached computational cost. Hence for large network simulations, single neurons are typically reduced to time-dependent signal processors, dismissing the spatial aspect of each cell. For single cell or networks with relatively small numbers of neurons, general purpose simulators allow for space and time-dependent simulations of electrical signal processing, based on the cable equation theory. An emerging field in Computational Neuroscience encompasses a new level of detail by incorporating the full three-dimensional morphology of cells and organelles into three-dimensional, space and time-dependent, simulations. While every approach has its advantages and limitations, such as computational cost, integrated and methods-spanning simulation approaches, depending on the network size could establish new ways to investigate the brain. In this paper we present a hybrid simulation approach, that makes use of reduced 1D-models using e.g., the NEURON simulator-which couples to fully resolved models for simulating cellular and sub-cellular dynamics, including the detailed three-dimensional morphology of neurons and organelles. In order to couple 1D- and 3D-simulations, we present a geometry-, membrane potential- and intracellular concentration mapping framework, with which graph- based morphologies, e.g., in the swc- or hoc-format, are mapped to full surface and volume representations of the neuron and computational data from 1D-simulations can be used as boundary conditions for full 3D simulations and vice versa. Thus, established models and data, based on general purpose 1D-simulators, can be directly coupled to the emerging field of fully resolved, highly detailed 3D-modeling approaches. We present the developed general framework for 1D/3D hybrid modeling and apply it to investigate electrically active neurons and their intracellular spatio-temporal calcium dynamics. © 2014 Grein, Stepniewski, Reiter, Knodel and Queisser.
Cyclic Variability of the Circumstellar Disc of the Be Star $ζ$ Tau. II. Testing the 2D Global Disc Oscillation Model
Creators: name: Carciofi, A. C.
name: Okazaki, A. T.
name: Bouquin, J-B. le
name: Štefl, S.
name: Rivinius, Th.
name: Baade, D.
name: Bjorkman, J. E.
name: Hummel, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. In this paper we model, in a self-consistent way, polarimetric, photometric, spectrophotometric and interferometric observations of the classical Be star $ζ$ Tauri. Our primary goal is to conduct a critical quantitative test of the global oscillation scenario. Methods. We have carried out detailed three-dimensional, NLTE radiative transfer calculations using the radiative transfer code HDUST. For the input for the code we have used the most up-to-date research on Be stars to include a physically realistic description for the central star and the circumstellar disc. We adopt a rotationally deformed, gravity darkened central star, surrounded by a disc whose unperturbed state is given by a steady-state viscous decretion disc model. We further assume that disc is in vertical hydrostatic equilibrium. Results. By adopting a viscous decretion disc model for $ζ$ Tauri and a rigorous solution of the radiative transfer, we have obtained a very good fit of the time-average properties of the disc. This provides strong theoretical evidence that the viscous decretion disc model is the mechanism responsible for disc formation. With the global oscillation model we have successfully fitted spatially resolved VLTI/AMBER observations and the temporal V/R variations of the H$α$ and Br$γ$ lines. This result convincingly demonstrates that the oscillation pattern in the disc is a one-armed spiral. Possible model shortcomings, as well as suggestions for future improvements, are also discussed.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted to A&A
title: Effects of Bulk Starter Media and Proteolytic Lactic Streptococci on Protein Loss in Cheddar Curd Manufacture
Creators: name: Winkel, Steven A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1985

description: The effects of whey-based and milk -based starter media, and low concentrations (0.02% each) of citrate, phosphate and calcium upon various milk coagulation properties were measured. Samples inoculated with milk-based starter medium had shorter coagulation times, faster rate of curd formation, and greater final curd firmness than those inoculated with externally neutralized whey-based starter. Starter medium treatment was statistically interacted with calcium for coagulation time and rate of curd formation. Citrate addition caused longer coagulation times, slower rates of curd formation, and weaker final coagula. Citrate interacted with calcium and phosphate for several of the parameters measured. Addition of phosphate did not affect any of the measured parameters but was involved in several significant two-factor interactions as was calcium addition.
Sentence Fusion for Multidocument News Summarization
Creators: name: Barzilay, Regina
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Elhadad, Noemie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science

description: The problem of organizing information for multidocument summarization so that the generated summary is coherent has received relatively little attention. While sentence ordering for single document summarization can be determined from the ordering of sentences in the input article, this is not the case for multidocument summarization where summary sentences may be drawn from different input articles. In this paper, we propose a methodology for studying the properties of ordering information in the news genre and describe experiments done on a corpus of multiple acceptable orderings we developed for the task. Based on these experiments, we implemented a strategy for ordering information that combines constraints from chronological order of events and topical relatedness. Evaluation of our augmented algorithm shows a significant improvement of the ordering over two baseline strategies.