cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inferring the Redshift Distribution of the Cosmic Infrared Background
Creators: name: Schmidt, Samuel J.
name: Ménard, Brice
name: Scranton, Ryan
name: Morrison, Christopher B.
name: Rahman, Mubdi
name: Hopkins, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cross-correlating the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) maps against quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7, we estimate the intensity distribution of the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) over the redshift range 0 < z < 5.We detect redshift-dependent spatial cross-correlations between the two datasets using the 857, 545 and 353 GHz channels and we obtain upper limits at 217 GHz consistent with expectations. At all frequencies with detectable signal we infer a redshift distribution peaking around z ~ 1.2 and find the recovered spectrum to be consistent with emission arising from star forming galaxies. By assuming simple modified blackbody and Kennicutt relations, we estimate dust and star formation rate density as a function of redshift, finding results consistent with earlier multiwavelength measurements over a large portion of cosmic history. However, we note that, lacking mid-infrared coverage, we are not able to make an accurate determination of the mean temperature for the dust responsible for the CIB. Our results demonstrate that clustering-based redshift inference is a valuable tool for measuring the entire evolution history of the cosmic star formation rate from a single and homogeneous dataset.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, published in MNRAS. Some revisions and an additional figure added since version 1
BigDataGrapes D2.1 - Use Cases & Technical Requirements Specification
Creators: name: Karampiperis, Pythagoras
name: Zervas, Panagiotis
name: Konstantinidis, Sotiris
name: Bozou, Eva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: grapevine-powered industries; big data

description: The deliverable D2.1, “Use Cases & Technical Requirements Specification”, aims to give the outline, specify and present in detail the use cases that will be examined and undertaken during the project lifetime. It is a report documenting the use cases and the different scenarios and hypotheses that derive from them, which are directly linked and related to the BigDataGrapes pilots. More specifically, this deliverable provides the methodology that was followed by the project partners in order to define and categorize the use cases, the interpretation of the use cases with respect to their technical and infrastructural requirements, since each use case elicits to specific software requirements in terms of functionality, expected performance and required equipment. The document is structured as follows. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction to the deliverable whereas Chapter 2 provides an overview of the use cases with details on the methodology which was followed in order to define them, their categorization and analysis as well as their importance on the domain. Each use case is separated in four sections: the scenario behind the use case, the real-life data problem to be addressed, the approach that is currently used to address the data problem, the scenario hypothesis, which practically presents a new approach to the data problem at hand thanks to the BigDataProject, the related data and their description, the technical requirements of the use case and the related pilot(s) that relate directly to the use case. Finally, Chapter 3 contains the conclusions regarding the use cases.
PTPN22 R620W Polymorphism and ANCA Disease Risk in White Populations: A Metaanalysis
Creators: name: Hogan, S. L.
name: Liu, K.
name: Li, W.
name: Falk, R. J.
name: Cao, Y.
name: Poulton, C. J.
name: Yang, J.
name: Tian, Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: No clear consensus has been reached on the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) disease, especially when stratified by ANCA specificity and disease phenotypes.
Una santa orientale a Venezia: la Passio di Teodosia di Cesarea
Creators: name: Giani, Marina
Publisher: name: Bisanzio e l'Occidente
Year: 2018

description: Saint Theodosia of Caesarea, martyred during the Diocletianic persecution, was venerated in the Byzantine Empire, notably in Constantinople. Eusebius of Caesarea’s De martyribus Palaestinae (BHG 1775) is the source of all the Greek hagiographic accounts of her martyrium, one of which, nowadays lost, was translated in Latin between the 5th and the 7th century (BHL 8090). Another independent translation of the lost Greek Passio was performed in Venice in the last centuries of the Middle Ages. According to Francesco Negri’s Historia Theodosiae and to the anonymous Martyrium sanctae Theosiae - an incunabulum printed by Antonio Zanchi in 1498 - in the first half of the 15th century the cult of Saint Theodosia was practiced and promoted in Venice in at least in two churches, San Tomà, and Corpus Domini. The ‘Venetian’ Passio is solely witnessed by the ms. Milano, Biblioteca Braidense, Gerli 26 and it has never been printed. The aim of this paper is to publish a critical edition of the text and to understand the historical circumstances under which it was elaborated.
description: Bisanzio e l'Occidente, V. 1 (2018)
Primary and Specialty Medical Care Among Ethnically Diverse, Older Rural Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The ELDER Diabetes Study
Creators: name: Quandt, Sara A.
name: Snively, Beverly M.
name: Arcury, Thomas A.
name: Skelly, Anne H.
name: Smith, Shannon L.
name: Stafford, Jeanette M.
name: Bell, Ronny A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Residents in rural communities in the United States, especially ethnic minority group members, have limited access to primary and specialty health care that is critical for diabetes management. This study examines primary and specialty medical care utilization among a rural, ethnically diverse, older adult population with diabetes.
Phase Transitions in One-dimensional Translation Invariant Systems: a Ruelle Operator Approach
Creators: name: Cioletti, Leandro M.
name: Lopes, Artur O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B20, 82B41, 82B26, 37D35, 37A35, 37A50, 37A60

description: We consider a family of potentials f, derived from the Hofbauer potentials, on the symbolic space Omega=\{0,1\}^\mathbb{N} and the shift mapping $σ$ acting on it. A Ruelle operator framework is employed to show there is a phase transition when the temperature varies in the following senses: the pressure is not analytic, there are multiple eigenprobabilities for the dual of the Ruelle operator, the DLR-Gibbs measure is not unique and finally the Thermodynamic Limit is not unique. Additionally, we explicitly calculate the critical points for these phase transitions. Some examples which are not of Hofbauer type are also considered. The non-uniqueness of the Thermodynamic Limit is proved by considering a version of a Renewal Equation. We also show that the correlations decay polynomially and that each one of these Hofbauer potentials is a fixed point for a certain renormalization transformation.
description: in Journ. of Stat. Phys 2015; Jour of Stat Phys 2015
Gaussian integrability of distance function under the Lyapunov condition
Creators: name: Liu, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26D10, 60E15, 60J60

description: In this note we give a direct proof of the Gaussian integrability of distance function as $μe^{δd^2(x,x_0)} < \infty$ for some $δ>0$ provided the Lyapunov condition holds for symmetric diffusion Markov operators, which answers a question proposed in Cattiaux-Guillin-Wu [6, Page 295]. The similar argument still works for diffusions processes with unbounded diffusion coefficients and for jump processes such as birth-death chains. An analogous discussion is also made under the Gozlan's condition arising from [9, Proposition 3.5].
description: 11 pages, published, ECP. Some extensions to unbounded diffusions and jump processes have been added, and two referees' suggestions incorporated
Rural-Urban Differences in Preventable Hospitalizations Among Community-Dwelling Veterans With Dementia
Creators: name: Thorpe, Carolyn T.
name: Thorpe, Joshua M.
name: Sleath, Betsy L.
name: Van Houtven, Courtney H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Alzheimer’s patients living in rural communities may face significant barriers to effective outpatient medical care.
Quantification of the Banach-Saks property
Creators: name: Bendová, Hana
name: Kalenda, Ondřej F. K.
name: Spurný, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B20

description: We investigate possible quantifications of the Banach-Saks property and the weak Banach-Saks property. We prove quantitative versions of relationships of the Banach-Saks property of a set with norm compactness and weak compactness. We further establish a quantitative version of the characterization of the weak Banach-Saks property of a set using uniform weak convergence and $\ell_1$-spreading models. We also study the case of the unit ball and in this case we prove a dichotomy which is an analogue of the James distortion theorem for $\ell_1$-spreading models.
description: 18 pages; we added some references to related results, remarks on this relationship, the proof of one lemma was simplified
On-demand maximally entangled states with a parity meter and continuous feedback
Creators: name: Rheda, Clemens Meyer zu
name: Haack, Géraldine
name: Romito, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generating on-demand maximally entangled states is one of the corner stones for quantum information processing. Parity measurements can serve to create Bell states and have been implemented via an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer among others. However, the entanglement generation is necessarily harmed by measurement induced dephasing processes in one of the two parity subspace. In this work, we propose two different schemes of continuous feedback for a parity measurement. They enable us to avoid both the measurement-induced dephasing process and the experimentally unavoidable dephasing, e.g. due to fluctuations of the gate voltages controlling the initialization of the qubits. We show that we can generate maximally entangled steady states in both parity subspaces. Importantly, the measurement scheme we propose is valid for implementation of parity measurements with feedback loops in various solid-state environments.
description: 8 pages, published version
Unaccounted source of systematic errors in measurements of the Newtonian gravitational constant G
Creators: name: DeSalvo, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many precision measurements of G have produced a spread of results incompatible with measurement errors. Clearly an unknown source of systematic errors is at work. It is proposed here that most of the discrepancies derive from subtle deviations from Hooke's law, caused by avalanches of entangled dislocations. The idea is supported by deviations from linearity reported by experimenters measuring G, similar to what observed, on a larger scale, in low-frequency spring oscillators. Some mitigating experimental apparatus modifications are suggested.
description: second revision in reply to reviewers' comments
Cancer Screening Practices Among Amish and Non-Amish Adults Living in Ohio Appalachia
Creators: name: Katz, Mira L.
name: Clinton, Steven K.
name: Lemeshow, Stanley
name: Westman, Judith A.
name: Reiter, Paul L.
name: Harley, Amy
name: Paskett, Electra D.
name: Bloomfield, Clara D.
name: Ferketich, Amy K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The Amish, a unique community living in Ohio Appalachia, have lower cancer incidence rates than non-Amish living in Ohio Appalachia. The purpose of this study was to examine cancer screening rates among Amish compared to non-Amish adults living in Ohio Appalachia and a national sample of adults of the same race and ethnicity in an effort to explain cancer patterns.
Quantum Corrections in String Compactifications on SU(3) Structure Geometries
Creators: name: Grana, Mariana
name: Louis, Jan
name: Theis, Ulrich
name: Waldram, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate quantum corrections to the classical four-dimensional low-energy effective action of type II string theory compactified on SU(3) structure geometries. Various methods previously developed for Calabi-Yau compactifications are adopted to determine - under some simple assumptions about the low-energy degrees of freedom - the leading perturbative corrections to the moduli space metrics in both alpha' and the string coupling constant. We find - in complete analogy to the Calabi-Yau case - that the corrections take a universal form dependent only on the Euler characteristic of the six-dimensional compact space.
description: 21 pages, major revision
High-Energy Vector Boson Scattering after the Higgs Discovery
Creators: name: Kilian, W.
name: Ohl, T.
name: Reuter, J.
name: Sekulla, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak vector-boson W,Z scattering at high energy probes the Higgs sector and is most sensitive to any new physics associated with electroweak symmetry breaking. We show that in the presence of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, a conventional effective-theory analysis fails for this class of processes. We propose to extrapolate the effective-theory ansatz by an extension of the parameter-free K-matrix unitarization prescription, which we denote as direct T-matrix unitarization. We generalize this prescription to arbitrary non-perturbative models and describe the implementation, as an asymptotically consistent reference model matched to the low-energy effective theory. We present exemplary numerical results for full six-fermion processes at the LHC.
description: 42 pages, 11 figures
Modeling diffusional coarsening in microelectronic solders
Creators: name: Dreyer, Wolfgang
name: Müller, Wolfgang H.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Diffusion
subject: phase transisions
subject: interface problems
subject: initial value problems for higher order parabolic equations
subject: boundary value problems for higher order parabolic equations
subject: solders
subject: lead
subject: tin
subject: lead-free
subject: coarsening
subject: aging
subject: 76R50
subject: 82B26
subject: 82B24
subject: 35K30
subject: 35K35

description: This paper presents a detailed numerical simulation of the coarsening phenomenon observed in microelectronic solder materials that are subjected to high homologeous temperatures in combination with thermo-mechanical stresses. The simulations are based on a phase field model which, for simplicity, is explicitly formulated for a binary alloy. To this end, the thermomechanical stresses originating within a Representative Volume Element (RVE) of the solder material are calculated first. This is achieved by means of a closed-form solution of the Navier equations resulting in explicit expressions for the displacements of an anisotropic, heterogeneous, thermally stressed elastic medium in discrete Fourier space. Inverse discrete Fourier transforms are then applied to these expressions in order to obtain the local stresses in real space. These in turn are inserted into an extended expression for the diffusion flux, which, in addition to the classical driving force of a concentration gradient takes the influence of different surface tensions between the solder phases as well as the local strain energy into account. The equations are evaluated numerically for the exemplary case of eutectic SnPb solder, for which all material constants are known explicitly. A comparison with aging experiments is performed.
KK-number non-conserving decays: Signal of n = 2 excitations of Extra-Dimensional Models at the LHC
Creators: name: Dey, Ujjal Kumar
name: Raychaudhuri, Amitava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the simplest universal extra-dimension models Kaluza-Klein (KK) parity distinguishes the states with odd and even KK-number. We calculate the coupling of a 2n-level top quark to a top quark and the Higgs scalar (both n = 0 states), absent at the tree level, which is mediated by strong interactions at one-loop. We show that the strength of this coupling is independent of n. We observe that the decay due to this coupling, which conserves KK-parity, can be a few per cent of the phase space suppressed decay to two n-level states which proceeds through tree-level couplings. We explore the prospects of verification of this result at the Large Hadron Collider through the production of an n = 2 KK top-antitop pair both of which subsequently decay to a zero mode top quark/antiquark and a Higgs boson.
description: 11 pages, v2: One additional figure (published version)
Phase-field models with hysteresis in one-dimensional thermo-visco-plasticity
Creators: name: Krejčí, Pavel
name: Sprekels, Jürgen
name: Stefanelli, Ulisse
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Phase-field systems
subject: phase transitions
subject: hysteresis operators
subject: thermo-visco-plasticity
subject: thermodynamic consistency
subject: 34C55
subject: 35K60
subject: 47J40
subject: 74K05
subject: 74N30
subject: 80A22

description: The mathematical modelling of nonlinear thermo-visco-plastic developments and of phase transitions in solids have drawn much attention in past years. On the one hand, one is interested how phase transformations on the micro- and/or mesoscales (for instance, between different geometric configurations of the crystal lattice) influence the global thermo-visco-plastic behaviour, on the other hand, the global evolution of solid-solid phase transformations is strongly affected by the presence of micro- and/or mesoscopic stresses. In such situations, a typical macroscopic phenomenon is the occurrence of hysteresis effects, and it is therefore important to model these effects. This paper is a contribution towards this direction. A new one-dimensional model is considered that incorporates both the occurrence of hysteresis effects and of phase transitions. In this connection, the phase transition is described by the evolution of a phase-field (which is usually closely related to an order parameter of the phase transition), while the hysteresis effects are accounted for using the mathematical theory of hysteresis operators developed in the past thirty years. The model extends recent works of the first two authors on phase-field models with hysteresis to the case when mechanical effects can no longer be ignored or even prevail. It leads to a strongly nonlinear coupled system of partial differential equations in which hysteresis nonlinearities occur at several places, even under time and space derivatives. We show the thermodynamic consistency of the model, and we prove its well-posedness.
On a nonlocal phase separation model
Creators: name: Gajewski, Herbert
name: Zacharias, Klaus
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Cahn-Hilliard equation
subject: initial boundary value problem
subject: reaction-diffusion equations
subject: a priori estimates
subject: Lyapunov function
subject: equilibria
subject: asymptotic behaviour
subject: classical thermodynamics
subject: phase changes
subject: chemotaxis
subject: 35K45
subject: 35K57
subject: 35B40
subject: 80A22
subject: 92C15
subject: 92D25

description: An alternative to the Cahn-Hilliard model of phase separation for two-phase systems in a simplified isothermal case is given. It introduces nonlocal terms and allows reasonable bounds for the concentrations. Using the free energy as Lyapunov functional the asymptotic state of the system is investigated and characterized by a variational principle.
Supersimple analysis of $e^-e^+\to ZH$ at high energy
Creators: name: Gounaris, G. J.
name: Renard, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the process $e^-e^+\to ZH$ where $H$ represents the standard model (SM) Higgs particle $H_{SM}$, or the MSSM ones $h^0$ and $H^0$. In each case, we compute the one-loop effects and establish very simple expressions, called supersimple (sim), for the helicity conserving (dominant) and the helicity violating (suppressed) amplitudes. Such expressions, are then used to construct various cross sections and asymmetries, involving polarized or unpolarized beams and Z-polarization measurements. We examine the adequacy of such expressions to distinguish SM or MSSM effects, from other types of BSM (beyond the standard model) contributions.
description: 38 pages, 57 figures. Paper has already appeared in Phys. Rev. D90, 073007 (2014 . Some misprints in Eqs.(B.17) have been corrected
Prevalence Estimates of Health Risk Behaviors of Immigrant Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men
Creators: name: Rhodes, Scott D.
name: Vissman, Aaron T.
name: Eng, Eugenia
name: Hergenrather, Kenneth C.
name: Bloom, Fred R.
name: Alegría-Ortega, Jose
name: Alonzo, Jorge
name: Wolfson, Mark
name: McCoy, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Little is known about the health status of rural immigrant Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). These MSM comprise a subpopulation that tends to remain “hidden” from both researchers and practitioners. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, and sexual risk behaviors of Latino MSM living in rural North Carolina.
Inverse problem of diffractive optics: Conditional stability
Creators: name: Bruckner, Gottfried
name: Cheng, Jin
name: Yamamoto, Masahiro
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: inverse scattering
subject: perfectly reflecting periodic grating
subject: profile reconstruction
subject: far field data
subject: conditional stability
subject: Helmholtz equation
subject: 35R30
subject: 35J05
subject: 78A47

description: In this paper we prove conditional stability for an inverse problem in diffractive optics of determining a periodic curve from far field observations on a segment, in the case of perfect reflection. Our proof is based on a Carleman estimate for the Laplace operator.
title: The Ethical Dilemma of Whether or Not to Withhold Life Sustaining Treatments for Newborns
Creators: name: Payne, Chloe G.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Deeply complex ethical questions can arise when deciding whether to continue or stop life-sustaining treatments for critically ill newborns. Various factors that can influence these decisions are explored, such as the expected quality of life for the newborn, the resources that the family and hospital have at their disposal, and the role of religious beliefs. Emphasis is placed on the importance of striking a balance between the child's best interest, the autonomy of the parents, and the medical facts. The potential psychological and physical consequences for parents who decide to stop treatment, which often results in the loss of their newborn, are also highlighted. It is also important to stress the need for educating patients and their families, adopting a holistic approach to patient care, providing a range of options, giving priority to the opinions of patients and their families, and maintaining an objective stance when dealing with ethical dilemmas in a hospital setting.
Constraints on the Alignment of Galaxies in Galaxy Clusters from $\sim$14,000 Spectroscopic Members
Creators: name: Sifón, Cristóbal
name: Hoekstra, Henk
name: Cacciato, Marcello
name: Viola, Massimo
name: Köhlinger, Fabian
name: van der Burg, Remco F. J.
name: Sand, David J.
name: Graham, Melissa L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Torques acting on galaxies lead to physical alignments, but the resulting ellipticity correlations are difficult to predict. As they constitute a major contaminant for cosmic shear studies, it is important to constrain the intrinsic alignment signal observationally. We measured the alignments of satellite galaxies within 90 massive galaxy clusters in the redshift range 0.05
description: 18 pages, 13 figures and 4 tables; accepted for publication in A&A
Optical Conductivity of Topological Insulator Thin Films in a Quantizing Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Ullah, A.
name: Sabeeh, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the optical response of topological insulator thin films in the presence of a quantizing, external magnetic field. We explicitly take into account hybridization between the states of top and bottom surface. The interplay between hybridization and Zeeman energies gives rise to topological and normal insulator phases and phase transitions between them. The optical response in the two phases and at the phase transition point is investigated. We show that the difference in magneto-optical response can be used to distinguish the topological phase from the normal phase of the system. Further, the optical response also allows us to determine the gap generated by hybridization between top and bottom surface states of topological insulator thin films.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures
Correlates of Male Condom Use Skills among High-Risk Women in South Africa
Creators: name: Wechsberg, Wendee M.
name: Luseno, Winnie K.
name: Bowling, J. Michael
name: Browne, Felicia A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: This exploratory study examines the performance of 295 South African women—who recently traded sex for goods or had unprotected sex—on a male condom use mastery index. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether age, marital status, highest education obtained, male condom use at first penetrative sex, receiving prior demonstration of male condom use, recent sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms, and recently trading sex were significantly associated with index scores. Adjusted odds ratios indicated that age and STI symptoms were negatively associated with condom skills; women who were older and had a higher number of recent STI symptoms were more likely to have lower scores. Furthermore, participants executed, on average, approximately one-third of condom use steps correctly. These findings suggest a need for increased behavioral skills training for women engaging in sexual risk behaviors because many lack the skills required to use a male condom properly.
Brane World
Creators: name: Kakushadze, Zura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article attempts to discuss some key aspects of the Brane World scenario in a popular fashion, without using any formulas.
description: 10 pages; an illustrative figure added, no other changes; a Georgian translation of this article appeared in a literary journal "Chveni Mtserloba" ("Our Writers") published in Tbilisi, Georgia
Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity: Combined Associations with Risky Sexual Behavior in a Large Sample of Young Adults
Creators: name: Noar, Seth M.
name: Charnigo, Richard
name: Crosby, Richard
name: Garnett, Christopher
name: Zimmerman, Rick S.
name: Palmgreen, Philip
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Although prior studies have shown that sensation seeking and impulsive decision-making are related to sexual risk-taking, it is still unclear whether these personality traits operate independently or synergistically. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the joint contribution of these personality traits to HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk behaviors using data from a large sample of sexually active young adults (N = 2,386). Regression modeling indicated that both sensation seeking and impulsive decision-making were consistently associated with sexual risk behaviors across 11 risk-related outcomes. Results further indicated that sensation seeking and impulsive decision-making operated synergistically with respect to the outcome variables of sex acts using drugs, acts with a partner using alcohol, and acts with a partner using drugs. In contrast to this, sensation seeking and impulsive decision-making operated independently with respect to the other sexual risk outcomes. Theoretical implications, as well as implications for HIV/STD prevention among high sensation seekers and impulsive decision-makers, are discussed.
Longitudinal Consistency in Self-Reported Age of First Vaginal Intercourse among Young Adults
Creators: name: Halpern, Carolyn T.
name: Herring, Amy H.
name: Haydon, Abigail A.
name: Goldberg, Shoshana K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We examined consistency in self-reports of age at first vaginal sex among 9,399 male and female respondents who participated in Waves III and IV (separated by approximately 7 years) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Respondents were coded as consistent if they reported an age at first vaginal intercourse at Wave IV that was within 1 year of the age they reported at Wave III. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and cognitive predictors of consistency were examined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Overall, 85.43% of respondents were able to provide consistent reports. Among both males and females, consistency was associated with age, years since first vaginal intercourse, race/ethnicity, and lifetime number of other-sex partners in final multivariate models. Respondents who were older and had more recently had their first sexual experience were more likely to be consistent. For females only, those who reported a history of non-parental, physically forced sex were less likely to be consistent. Most young adults consistently report age at first vaginal intercourse, supporting the credibility of retrospective self-reports about salient sexual events such as timing of first vaginal intercourse.
Exceptional Suppression of Flux-Flow Resistivity in FeSe$_{0.4}$Te$_{0.6}$ by Back-Flow from Excess Fe Atoms and Se/Te Substitutions
Creators: name: Okada, Tatsunori
name: Nabeshima, Fuyuki
name: Takahashi, Hideyuki
name: Imai, Yoshinori
name: Maeda, Atsutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the microwave surface impedance of FeSe$_{0.4}$Te$_{0.6}$ single crystals with- and without external magnetic fields. The superfluid density exhibited a quadratic temperature dependence, indicating a strong pair-breaking effect. The flux-flow resistivity behaved as $ρ_f(B\ll B_{\rm c2})/ρ_n=αB/B_{\rm c2}$. The observed $α$ value of $\approx0.66$ was considerably smaller than that of other Fe-based materials ($α\geq1$) and was attributed to a back-flow of superfluids remarkable in disordered superconductors. This is the first-time observation of the back-flow phenomenon caused by an origin other than the vortex pinning in multiple-band systems.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, and 1 table
Search for top squark pair production in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum in $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of a search for top squark (stop) pair production in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum are reported. The analysis is performed with proton--proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $20$ fb$^{-1}$. The lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is taken to be the lightest neutralino which only interacts weakly and is assumed to be stable. The stop decay modes considered are those to a top quark and the LSP as well as to a bottom quark and the lightest chargino, where the chargino decays to the LSP by emitting a $W$ boson. A wide range of scenarios with different mass splittings between the stop, the lightest neutralino and the lightest chargino are considered, including cases where the $W$ bosons or the top quarks are off-shell. Decay modes involving the heavier charginos and neutralinos are addressed using a set of phenomenological models of supersymmetry. No significant excess over the Standard Model prediction is observed. A stop with a mass between $210$ and $640$ GeV decaying directly to a top quark and a massless LSP is excluded at $95$ % confidence level, and in models where the mass of the lightest chargino is twice that of the LSP, stops are excluded at $95$ % confidence level up to a mass of $500$ GeV for an LSP mass in the range of $100$ to $150$ GeV. Stringent exclusion limits are also derived for all other stop decay modes considered, and model-independent upper limits are set on the visible cross-section for processes beyond the Standard Model.
description: 71 pages plus author list + cover page (94 pages total), 25 figures, 20 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2013-15/
Sexual Communication Between Early Adolescents and Their Dating Partners, Parents, and Best Friends
Creators: name: Widman, Laura
name: Helms, Sarah W.
name: Golin, Carol E.
name: Choukas-Bradley, Sophia
name: Prinstein, Mitchell J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This study assessed early adolescents' sexual communication with dating partners, parents, and best friends about six sexual health topics: condoms, birth control, STDs, HIV/AIDS, pregnancy, and abstinence/waiting. Using a school-based sample of 603 youth (ages = 12–15; 57% female; 46% Caucasian), we examined communication differences across demographic and developmental factors, tested whether communication with parents and best friends was associated with greater communication with partners, and examined associations between communication and condom use. Over half of participants had not discussed any sexual topics with their dating partners (54%), and many had not communicated with parents (29%) or best friends (25%). On average, communication was more frequent among adolescents who were female, African American, older, and sexually active, despite some variation in subgroups across partner, parent, and friend communication. Importantly, communication with parents and friends – and the interaction between parent and friend communication – was associated with increased communication with dating partners. Further, among sexually active youth, increased sexual communication with partners was associated with more frequent condom use. Results highlight the importance of understanding the broader family and peer context surrounding adolescent sexual decision-making and suggest a possible need to tailor sexual communication interventions.
Absence of a quantum limit to charge diffusion in bad metals
Creators: name: Pakhira, Nandan
name: McKenzie, Ross H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Good metals are characterised by diffusive transport of coherent quasi-particle states and the resistivity is much less than the Mott-Ioffe-Regel (MIR) limit, $\frac{ha}{e^{2}}$, where $a$ is the lattice constant. In bad metals, such as many strongly correlated electron materials, the resistivity exceeds the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit and the transport is incoherent in nature. Hartnoll, loosely motivated by holographic duality (AdS/CFT correspondence) in string theory, recently proposed a lower bound to the charge diffusion constant, $D \gtrsim \hbar v_{F}^{2}/(k_{B}T)$, in the incoherent regime of transport, where $v_F$ is the Fermi velocity and $T$ the temperature. Using dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) we calculate the charge diffusion constant in a single band Hubbard model at half filling. We show that in the strongly correlated regime the Hartnoll's bound is violated in the crossover region between the coherent Fermi liquid region and the incoherent (bad metal) local moment region. The violation occurs even when the bare Fermi velocity $v_F$ is replaced by its low temperature renormalised value, $v_F^*$.The bound is satisfied at all temperatures in the weakly and moderately correlated systems as well as in strongly correlated systems in the high temperature region where the resistivity is close to linear in temperature. Our calculated charge diffusion constant, in the incoherent regime of transport, also strongly violates a proposed quantum limit of spin diffusion, $D_{s} \sim 1.3 \hbar/m$, where $m$ is the fermion mass, experimentally observed and theoretically calculated in a cold degenerate Fermi gas in the unitary limit of scattering.
description: Final version, 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review B
Introducing SLAMBench, a performance and accuracy benchmarking methodology for SLAM
Creators: name: Nardi, Luigi
name: Bodin, Bruno
name: Zia, M. Zeeshan
name: Mawer, John
name: Nisbet, Andy
name: Kelly, Paul H. J.
name: Davison, Andrew J.
name: Luján, Mikel
name: O'Boyle, Michael F. P.
name: Riley, Graham
name: Topham, Nigel
name: Furber, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Real-time dense computer vision and SLAM offer great potential for a new level of scene modelling, tracking and real environmental interaction for many types of robot, but their high computational requirements mean that use on mass market embedded platforms is challenging. Meanwhile, trends in low-cost, low-power processing are towards massive parallelism and heterogeneity, making it difficult for robotics and vision researchers to implement their algorithms in a performance-portable way. In this paper we introduce SLAMBench, a publicly-available software framework which represents a starting point for quantitative, comparable and validatable experimental research to investigate trade-offs in performance, accuracy and energy consumption of a dense RGB-D SLAM system. SLAMBench provides a KinectFusion implementation in C++, OpenMP, OpenCL and CUDA, and harnesses the ICL-NUIM dataset of synthetic RGB-D sequences with trajectory and scene ground truth for reliable accuracy comparison of different implementation and algorithms. We present an analysis and breakdown of the constituent algorithmic elements of KinectFusion, and experimentally investigate their execution time on a variety of multicore and GPUaccelerated platforms. For a popular embedded platform, we also present an analysis of energy efficiency for different configuration alternatives.
description: 8 pages, ICRA 2015 conference paper
Measuring the continuum polarization with ESPaDOnS
Creators: name: Pereyra, A.
name: Rodrigues, C. V.
name: Martioli, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our goal is to test the feasibility to obtain accurate measurements of the continuum polarization from high-resolution spectra using the spectropolarimetric mode of ESPaDOnS. We used the new pipeline OPERA to reduce recent and archived ESPaDOnS data. A couple of standard polarization stars and several science objects were tested for the linear mode. In addition, the circular mode was tested using several objects from the archive with expected null polarization. Synthetic broad-band polarization was computed from the ESPaDOnS continuum polarization spectra and compared with published values (when available) to quantify the accuracy of the instrument. The continuum linear polarization measured by ESPaDOnS is consistent with broad-band polarimetry measurements available in the literature. The accuracy in the degree of linear polarization is around 0.2-0.3% considering the full sample. The accuracy in polarization position angle using the most polarized objects is better than 5deg. Consistent with this, the instrumental polarization computed for the circular continuum polarization is also between 0.2-0.3%. Our results suggest that measurements of the continuum polarization using ESPaDOnS are viable and can be used to study many astrophysical objects.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Examining a covariant and renormalizable quantum field theory in de Sitter space by studying "black hole radiation"
Creators: name: Pejhan, Hamed
name: Rahbardehghan, Surena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Respecting that any consistent quantum field theory in curved space-time must include black hole radiation, in this paper, we examine the Krein-Gupta-Bleuler (KGB) formalism as an inevitable quantization scheme in order to follow the guideline of the covariance of minimally coupled massless scalar field and linear gravity on de Sitter (dS) background in the sense of Wightman-Gärding approach, by investigating thermodynamical aspects of black holes. The formalism is interestingly free of pathological large distance behavior. In this construction, also, no infinite term appears in the calculation of expectation values of the energy-momentum tensor (we have an automatic and covariant renormalization) which results in the vacuum energy of the free field vanishes. However, the existence of an effective potential barrier, intrinsically created by black holes gravitational field, gives a Casimir-type contribution to the vacuum expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor. On this basis, by evaluating the Casimir energy-momentum tensor for a conformally coupled massless scalar field in the vicinity of a non-rotating black hole event horizon through the KGB quantization, in this work, we explicitly prove that the hole produces black-body radiation which its temperature exactly coincides with the result obtained by Hawking for black hole radiation.
description: 8 pages, published version
Development of the NIH PROMIS® Sexual Function and Satisfaction Measures in Patients with Cancer
Creators: name: Flynn, Kathryn E.
name: Dombeck, Carrie B.
name: Bruner, Deborah Watkins
name: Cyranowski, Jill M.
name: Reeve, Bryce B.
name: Reese, Jennifer Barsky
name: Keefe, Francis J.
name: Smith, Ashley Wilder
name: Porter, Laura S.
name: Lin, Li
name: Jeffery, Diana D.
name: Weinfurt, Kevin P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: We describe the development and validation of the PROMIS Sexual Function and Satisfaction (PROMIS SexFS) measures version 1.0 for cancer populations.
Elastic instabilities in a layered cerebral cortex: A revised axonal tension model for cortex folding
Creators: name: Manyuhina, O. V.
name: Mayett, David
name: Schwarz, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We model the elasticity of the cerebral cortex as a layered material with bending energy along the layers and elastic energy between them in both planar and polar geometries. The cortex is also subjected to axons pulling from the underlying white matter. Above a critical threshold force, a "flat" cortex configuration becomes unstable and periodic unduluations emerge, i.e. a buckling instability occurs. These undulations may indeed initiate folds in the cortex. We identify analytically the critical force and the critical wavelength of the undulations. Both quantities are physiologically relevant values. Our model is a revised version of the axonal tension model for cortex folding, with our version taking into account the layered structure of the cortex. Moreover, our model draws a connection with another competing model for cortex folding, namely the differential growth-induced buckling model. For the polar geometry, we study the relationship between brain size and the critical force and wavelength to understand why small mice brains exhibit no folds, while larger human brains do, for example. Finally, an estimate of the bending rigidity constant for the cortex can be made based on the critical wavelength.
description: 9.3 pages, 6 figures, accepted to New Journal of Physics
Examining the Relationship Between Uterine Fibroids and Dyspareunia Among Premenopausal Women in the United States
Creators: name: Saldana, Tina
name: Olshan, Andrew F.
name: Baird, Donna
name: Moshesh, Malana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Despite estimates of a high prevalence of deep dyspareunia (DD) among women in the US, risk factors for this important area of sexual dysfunction have been largely understudied.
Quiver Tails and N=1 SCFTs from M5-branes
Creators: name: Agarwal, Prarit
name: Bah, Ibrahima
name: Maruyoshi, Kazunobu
name: Song, Jaewon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a class of four-dimensional N=1 superconformal field theories obtained by wrapping M5-branes on a Riemann surface with punctures. We identify UV descriptions of four-dimensional SCFTs corresponding to curves with a class of punctures. The quiver tails appearing in these UV descriptions differ significantly from their N=2 counterpart. We find a new type of object that we call the `Fan'. We show how to construct new N=1 superconformal theories using the Fan. Various dual descriptions for these SCFTs can be identified with different colored pair-of-pants decompositions. For example, we find an N=1 analog of Argyres-Seiberg duality for the SU(N) SQCD with 2N flavors. We also compute anomaly coefficients and superconformal indices for these theories and show that they are invariant under dualities.
description: 40 pages + appendices, 32 figures; v2: minor corrections; v3: more corrections, improved figures and presentation. to appear in JHEP