cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary materials from Variability in the durability of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas immunity
Creators: name: Héléne Chabas
name: Nicot, Antoine
name: Meaden, Sean
name: Edze Westra
name: Tremblay, Denise
name: Pradier, Léa
name: Lion, Sébastien
name: Moineau, Sylvain
name: Gandon, Sylvain
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The durability of host resistance is challenged by the ability of pathogens to escape the defence of their hosts. Understanding the variability in the durability of host resistance is of paramount importance for designing more effective control strategies against infectious diseases. Here, we study the durability of various CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas alleles of the bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus against lytic phages. We found substantial variability in durability among different resistant bacteria. Since the escape of the phage is driven by a mutation in the phage sequence targeted by CRISPR-Cas, we explored the fitness costs associated with these escape mutations. We found that, on average, escape mutations decrease the fitness of the phage. Yet, the magnitude of this fitness cost does not predict the durability of CRISPR-Cas immunity. We contend that this variability in the durability of resistance may be due to variations in phage mutation rate or in the proportion of lethal mutations across the phage genome. These results have important implications on the coevolutionary dynamics between bacteria and phages and for the optimal deployment of resistance strategies against pathogens and pests. Understanding the durability of CRISPR-Cas immunity may also help develop more effective gene-drive strategies based on CRISPR-Cas9 technology.This article is part of the themed issue ‘The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems’.
Symmetry-Protected Local Minima in Infinite DMRG
Creators: name: Pfeifer, Robert N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The infinite Density Matrix Renormalisation Group (iDMRG) algorithm is a highly successful numerical algorithm for the study of low-dimensional quantum systems, and is also frequently used to initialise the more popular finite DMRG algorithm. Implementations of both finite and infinite DMRG frequently incorporate support for the protection and exploitation of symmetries of the Hamiltonian. In common with other variational tensor network algorithms, convergence of iDMRG to the ground state is not guaranteed, with the risk that the algorithm may become stuck in a local minimum. In this paper I demonstrate the existence of a particularly harmful class of physically irrelevant local minima affecting both iDMRG and to a lesser extent also infinite Time-Evolving Block Decimation (iTEBD), for which the ground state is compatible with the protected symmetries of the Hamiltonian but cannot be reached using the conventional iDMRG or iTEBD algorithms. I describe a modified iDMRG algorithm which evades these local minima, and which also admits a natural interpretation on topologically ordered systems with a boundary.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, RevTeX 4.1. New title, greatly expanded explanations, fixed some typos (incl. reference to equation in caption of Fig.3). Reversed orientation convention for arrow on accessory site to match arrows on physical sites: all site arrows are now inbound
Does Financial Deepening Matter in the Nexus between Exchange Rate Volatility and Foreign Investment? Insight from Nigeria
Creators: name: Abanikanda, Ezekiel Olamide
name: Akinbobola, Temidayo Oladiran
name: Abanikanda, Ezekiel Olamide
name: Akinbobola, Temidayo Oladiran
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: exchange rate volatility
subject: financial deepening
subject: foreign investment
subject: Nigeria

description: This study empirically explores the role of financial deepening in the nexus between exchange rate volatility and foreign investment in Nigeria from 1986Q1 to 2020Q4 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Cointegration procedure. Our result shows that exchange rate volatility stimulates foreign investment in the short run while it reduces foreign investment in long run. However, the combined effect of financial deepening and exchange rate volatility shows that financial deepening helps to alleviate the adverse effect of volatile exchange rate in the long run. This study suggests that the depth of the financial sector matters in easing the adverse effect of exchange rate volatility on foreign investment in the long run. Therefore, policymakers are encouraged to further strengthen the financial sector by introducing appropriate regulations and reforms to broaden the depth of the financial sector in order to boost the confidence of foreign investors in the economy.
(1497) Helen Garnet
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
X-ray Properties of Low-Mass Pre-Main Sequence Stars in the Orion Trapezium Cluster
Creators: name: Schulz, Norbert S.
name: Huenemoerder, David P.
name: Guenther, Moritz
name: Testa, Paola
name: Canizares, Claude R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Chandra High Energy Transmission Gratings (HETG) Orion Legacy Project (HOLP) is the first comprehensive set of observations of a very young massive stellar cluster which provides high resolution X-ray spectra of very young stars over a wide mass range (0.7 - 2.3 Msun). In this paper, we focus on the six brightest X-ray sources with T Tauri stellar counterparts which are well-characterized at optical and infra-red wavelengths. All stars show column densities which are substantially smaller than expected from optical extinction indicating that the sources are located on the near side of the cluster with respect to the observer as well as that these stars are embedded in more dusty environments. Stellar X-ray luminosities are well above $10^{31}$ erg/s, in some cases exceeding $10^{32}$ erg/s for a substantial amount of time. The stars during these observations show no flares but are persistently bright. The spectra can be well fit with two temperature plasma components of 10 MK and 40 MK, of which the latter dominates the flux by a ratio 6:1 on average. The total EMs range between 3 - 8$\times10^{54}$ cm$^{-3}$ and are comparable to active coronal sources. Limits on the forbidden to inter-combination line ratios in the He-Like K-shell lines show that we observe a predominantely optically thin plasma with electron densities below $10^{12}$ cm$^{-3}$. Observed abundances compare well with active coronal sources underlying the coronal nature of these sources. The surface flux in this sample of 0.6 to 2.3 Msun classical T Tauri stars shows that coronal activity and possibly coronal loop size increase significantly between ages 0.1 to 10 Myrs.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
Supplementary Tables from Citizen science in Lebanon—a case study for ground water quality monitoring
Creators: name: Baalbaki, Rima
name: Ahmad, Serine Haidar
name: Kays, Wassim
name: Talhouk, Salma N.
name: Saliba, Najat A.
name: Al-Hindi, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Science

description: Sampling dates, Water perception questionnaire results, T-test analysis for the dry/summer and wet/winter campaigns
Use of multiple orientation cues by juvenile loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta
Creators: name: Lohmann, Kenneth J.
name: Avens, Larisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Although the orientation cues used by hatchling sea turtles have been studied extensively, little is known about the mechanisms of orientation and navigation that guide older turtles. To investigate the orientation cues used by juvenile loggerheads
Geometries from field theories
Creators: name: Aoki, Sinya
name: Kikuchi, Kengo
name: Onogi, Tetsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to define a $d+1$ dimensional geometry from a $d$ dimensional quantum field theory in the $1/N$ expansion. We first construct a $d+1$ dimensional field theory from the $d$ dimensional one via the gradient flow equation, whose flow time $t$ represents the energy scale of the system such that $t\rightarrow 0$ corresponds to the ultra-violet (UV) while $t\rightarrow\infty$ to the infra-red (IR). We then define the induced metric from $d+1$ dimensional field operators. We show that the metric defined in this way becomes classical in the large $N$ limit, in a sense that quantum fluctuations of the metric are suppressed as $1/N$ due to the large $N$ factorization property. As a concrete example, we apply our method to the O(N) non-linear $σ$ model in two dimensions. We calculate the three dimensional induced metric, which is shown to describe an AdS space in the massless limit. We finally discuss several open issues in future studies.
description: 9 pages, the title has been changed, and some contents have also been modified. This version is accepted for a publication in PTEP
Electronic supplementary material from Language structure is influenced by the number of speakers but seemingly not by the proportion of non-native speakers.
Creators: name: Koplenig, Alexander
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Further analyses as mentioned in the main part of the paper
Quantum corrections to the stress-energy tensor in thermodynamic equilibrium with acceleration
Creators: name: Becattini, F.
name: Grossi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the stress-energy tensor has additional terms with respect to the ideal form in states of global thermodynamic equilibrium in flat spacetime with non-vanishing acceleration and vorticity. These corrections are of quantum origin and their leading terms are second order in the gradients of the thermodynamic fields. Their relevant coefficients can be expressed in terms of correlators of the stress-energy tensor operator and the generators of the Lorentz group. With respect to previous assessments, we find that there are more second order coefficients and that all thermodynamic functions including energy density receive acceleration and vorticity dependent corrections. Notably, also the relation between ρand p, that is the equation of state, is affected by acceleration and vorticity. We have calculated the corrections for a free real scalar field -- both massive and massless -- and we have found that they increase, particularly for a massive field, at very high acceleration and vorticity and very low temperature. Finally, these non-ideal terms depend on the explicit form of the stress-energy operator, implying that different stress-energy tensor of the scalar field -- canonical or improved -- are thermodynamically inequivalent.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure. Minor changes, to appear in PRD
(1489) Charles Henry Crosse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On the noise-resolution duality, Heisenberg uncertainty and Shannon's information
Creators: name: Gureyev, T. E.
name: de Hoog, F.
name: Nesterets, Ya. I.
name: Paganin, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several variations of the Heisenberg uncertainty inequality are derived on the basis of "noise-resolution duality" recently proposed by the authors. The same approach leads to a related inequality that provides an upper limit for the information capacity of imaging systems in terms of the number of imaging quanta (particles) used in the experiment. These results can be useful in the context of biomedical imaging constrained by the radiation dose delivered to the sample, or in imaging (e.g. astronomical) problems under "low light" conditions.
Identifiable neurons inhibited by Earth-strength magnetic stimuli in the mollusc Tritonia diomedea
Creators: name: Wang, John H.
name: Lohmann, Kenneth J.
name: Cain, Shaun D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Diverse animals use the Earth's magnetic field as an orientation cue, but little is known about the sensory, processing and motor elements of the neural circuitry underlying magnetic orientation behavior. The marine mollusc
Estudio genético de una pqueña cohorte de Demencia: Enfermedad de Alzheimer y factores genéticos en su evolución. (Materiales TFM)
Creators: name: Cañas-Cañas, Rubén
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: La Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es la principal causa de demencia a nivel mundial, y provoca en los individuos que la padecen un deterioro cognitivo progresivo que ocasiona pérdidas de memoria, perturbaciones en el lenguaje, cambios conductuales y limitaciones en su vida diaria. En las últimas décadas se ha observado un gran crecimiento en el número de individuos que padecen EA, y se predice que en el futuro este aumento de la incidencia siga creciendo. Además, la EA supone un gran coste económico dedicado a la atención y el cuidado de los pacientes. Es por estos factores, que se considera una prioridad sanitaria de primer orden. La genética supone un factor relevante en el desarrollo de la enfermedad, y por ello, en este trabajo se han realizado diversos análisis genéticos a partir de datos de Secuenciación de Exoma Completo en una cohorte compuesta por pacientes de EA, pacientes de Deterioro Cognitivo Leve (DCL) e individuos con cognición normal. El objetivo de estos análisis ha sido tratar de encontrar nuevas regiones genéticas asociadas a la EA, y plantear cuáles de ellas podrían estar involucradas en la evolución del DCL a EA. En primer lugar, se han detectado variantes raras con predicción patogénica significativa en genes asociados previamente al desarrollo de la EA, como son ABCA7, APP y CR1. Mediante estudios de asociación y análisis de enriquecimiento genético se han observado nuevas asociaciones en genes involucrados en procesos biológicos y rutas relevantes para la EA, como el desarrollo neuronal, el metabolismo del colesterol o el guiado de axones, que podrían suponer un factor genético diferencial entre EA y DCL. También se han propuesto los procesos de movimiento y transporte por microtúbulos como asociados a la EA. Por último, utilizando las variantes significativas de los análisis previos, se ha desarrollado un predictor de riesgo genético para la clasificación de los individuos según su fenotipo. Los análisis llevados a cabo podrían suponer un avance en el conocimiento y comprensión de los factores genéticos subyacientes a la EA, pudiendo determinar el riesgo a padecer la patología y, consecuentemente, la elaboración de planes de prevención para personas susceptibles.
Navigation and seasonal migratory orientation in juvenile sea turtles
Creators: name: Lohmann, Kenneth J.
name: Avens, Larisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Juvenile loggerhead and green turtles that inhabit inshore waters of North Carolina, USA undertake long seasonal migrations, after which they often return to specific feeding areas. In addition, juvenile turtles are capable of homing to specific sites after being displaced. As a first step towards investigating the navigational mechanisms that underlie these movements, juvenile turtles were captured in coastal waters of North Carolina and displaced 30-167 km along circuitous routes while deprived of visual cues. At the testing location, turtles were tethered in a circular arena and permitted to swim while their orientation was monitored. Between May and September, when juvenile loggerhead and green turtles inhabit feeding areas along the North Carolina coast, turtles oriented in directions that corresponded closely with the most direct route back to their capture locations. During October and November, however, both loggerhead and green turtles oriented southward, a direction consistent with the migratory paths of turtles beginning their autumn migration. The results demonstrate for the first time that both homing and migratory orientation can be elicited in juvenile turtles under laboratory conditions in which orientation cues can be readily manipulated. In addition, the results provide evidence that juvenile loggerheads can assess their position relative to a goal using local cues available at the test site and are therefore capable of map-based navigation.
Corner contributions to holographic entanglement entropy
Creators: name: Bueno, Pablo
name: Myers, Robert C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement entropy of three-dimensional conformal field theories contains a universal contribution coming from corners in the entangling surface. We study these contributions in a holographic framework and, in particular, we consider the effects of higher curvature interactions in the bulk gravity theory. We find that for all of our holographic models, the corner contribution is only modified by an overall factor but the functional dependence on the opening angle is not modified by the new gravitational interactions. We also compare the dependence of the corner term on the new gravitational couplings to that for a number of other physical quantities, and we show that the ratio of the corner contribution over the central charge appearing in the two-point function of the stress tensor is a universal function for all of the holographic theories studied here. Comparing this holographic result to the analogous functions for free CFT's, we find fairly good agreement across the full range of the opening angle. However, there is a precise match in the limit where the entangling surface becomes smooth, i.e., the angle approaches $π$, and we conjecture the corresponding ratio is a universal constant for all three-dimensional conformal field theories. In this paper, we expand on the holographic calculations in our previous letter arXiv:1505.04804, where this conjecture was first introduced.
description: 62 pages, 6 figures, 1 table; v2: minor modifications to match published version, typos fixed
(1491) Arthur Janion Edwards
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Electronic supplementary material from Language structure is influenced by the number of speakers but seemingly not by the proportion of non-native speakers
Creators: name: Koplenig, Alexander
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Further analyses as mentioned in the main part of the paper
(1492) Robert Edwards
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Desarrollos tecnológicos de Aernnova en Clean Sky 2, H2020
Creators: name: Castillo Acero, Miguel Á.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking
European Union (EU)
Horizon 2020
Airframe ITD
HLFC
Large Passenger Aircraft

description: Aernnova's technological developments in Clean Sky 2, H2020 This project has received funding from the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement CS2-LAP-GAM-2016-2017. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and the Clean Sky 2 JU members other than the Union. The results, opinions, conclusions, etc. presented in this work are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily represent the position of the JU; the JU is not responsible for any use made of the information contained herein.
Figure S4 from Does exceptional preservation distort our view of disparity in the fossil record?.
Creators: name: Sutherland, Joseph T. Flannery
name: Moon, Benjamin C.
name: Stubbs, Thomas L.
name: Benton, Michael J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The effect of missing data on the distances of sauropterygian taxa from the morphospace origin. Linear regressions between a taxon’s percentage missing data and its Pythagorean distance from the origin of PCO space on the first two PCO axes. PCO was performed with and without negative eigenvalue correction on raw, Generalised Euclidean (GED), Gower Coefficient (GOW) and Maximum Observable Rescaled (MAX) distance matrices generated from the cladistic matrix of Benson and Bowdler [43].
Foreign Capital and Macroeconomic Variables: fresh evidence
Creators: name: Hammed, Yinka Sabuur
name: Ismaila, Okunoye A.
name: Hammed, Yinka Sabuur
name: Ismaila, Okunoye A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Development
subject: foreign capital
subject: industrial production index
subject: exchange rate
subject: ARDL

description: The connection between foreign capital and economic growth has received greater attention in economic literature. Evidence has shown that the necessity to build economic strength by many developing countries such as Nigeria would rather require sourcing for foreign capital. But foreign investors often pay attention to the presence of certain economic variables when deciding on where appropriate to make their investment. In this connection, we analyse the impact of certain macroeconomic variables in attracting foreign capital flow into Nigeria. We represent these variables with domestic monetary policy rate, exchange rate and industrial production index using ARDL with quarterly data set spanning from 2010 to 2021. The outcome of our finding gave evidence on the significance impact of industrial production index and exchange rate in attracting capital flows into the country both in short run and long run. However, while the impact of industrial production index was positive, that of exchange rate was negative. Our finding is robust given the choice of alternative monetary policy variable. This, thus, goes to say that necessary attention must be accorded to these macroeconomic variables while making policies to attract foreign capital.
Figure S5 from Does exceptional preservation distort our view of disparity in the fossil record?.
Creators: name: Sutherland, Joseph T. Flannery
name: Moon, Benjamin C.
name: Stubbs, Thomas L.
name: Benton, Michael J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The effect of missing data on the distances of dinosaur taxa from the morphospace origin. Linear regressions between a taxon’s percentage missing data and its Pythagorean distance from the origin of PCO space on the first two PCO axes. PCO was performed with and without negative eigenvalue correction on raw, Generalised Euclidean (GED), Gower Coefficient (GOW) and Maximum Observable Rescaled (MAX) distance matrices generated from the cladistic matrix of Nesbitt and Ezcurra [42].
Comparative sequence analysis and tissue localization of members of the SLC6 family of transporters in adult Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Stuart, Ann E.
name: Berg, Jonathan S.
name: Thimgan, Matthew S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: SUMMARY The SLC6 family comprises proteins that move extracellular neurotransmitters, amino acids and osmolytes across the plasma membrane into the cytosol. In mammals, deletion of SLC6 family members has dramatic physiologic consequences, but in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, little is known about this family of proteins. Therefore, in this study we carried out an initial analysis of 21 known or putative SLC6 family members from the Drosophila genome. Protein sequences from these genes segregated into either well-defined subfamilies, including the novel insect amino acid transporter subfamily, or into a group of weakly related sequences not affiliated with a recognized subfamily. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and in situ hybridization showed that seven of these genes are expressed in the CNS. In situ hybridization revealed that two previously cloned SLC6 members, the serotonin and dopamine transporters, were localized to presumptive presynaptic neurons that previously immunolabelled for these transmitters. RNA for CG1732 (the putative GABA transporter) and CG15088 (a member of the novel insect amino acid transporter family) was localized in cells likely to be subtypes of glia, while RNA for CG5226, CG10804 (both members of the orphan neurotransmitter transporter subfamily) and CG5549 (a putative glycine transporter) were expressed broadly throughout the cellular cortex of the CNS. Eight of the 21 sequences were localized outside the CNS in the alimentary canal, Malpighian tubules and reproductive organs. Localization for six sequences was not found or not attempted in the adult fly. We used the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian vesicular monoamine transporter 2, CG33528, to independently identify monoaminergic neurons in the adult fly. RNA for CG33528 was detected in a limited number of cells in the central brain and in a beaded stripe at the base of the photoreceptors in the position of glia, but not in the photoreceptors themselves. The SLC6 localization observations in conjunction with likely substrates based on phylogenetic inferences are a first step in defining the role of Na/Cl-dependent transporters in Drosophila physiology.
Lossless Layout Image Compression Algorithms for Electron-Beam Direct-Write Lithography
Creators: name: Chaudhary, Narendra
name: Luo, Yao
name: Savari, Serap A.
name: McCay, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electron-beam direct-write (EBDW) lithography systems must in the future transmit terabits of information per second to be viable for commercial semiconductor manufacturing. Lossless layout image compression algorithms with high decoding throughputs and modest decoding resources are tools to address the data transfer portion of the throughput problem. The earlier lossless layout image compression algorithm Corner2 is designed for binary layout images on raster-scanning systems. We propose variations of Corner2 collectively called Corner2-EPC and Paeth-EPC which apply to electron-beam proximity corrected layout images and offer interesting trade-offs between compression ratios and decoding speeds. Most of our algorithms achieve better overall compression performance than PNG, Block C4 and LineDiffEntropy while having low decoding times and resources.
description: This is the source file for the paper which was published in the Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B (volume 33, 06FD01) on 5 August 2015
A Study of Element Analysis on Cultural-Contents Development Using the Traditional Local Resources to Industrialization : In case of the plum farm, Hong Ssang Ri's Cheong maesil at Gwangyang
Creators: name: Yun, Yuseok
name: Yun, Yuseok
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: traditional local resources
subject: industrialization
subject: cultural-contents

description: This paper analyzes the development elements of rural cultural contents that have contributed to the success of Hong Ssang Ri's Cheong Maesil Plum Farm in Gwangyang. At the farm, cultural events have been held in the form of festivals, tours, experience programs and exhibitions. Specifically, Hong Ssang Ri, who is the founder of the farm and a master of traditional food using plums as a main ingredient, tells her stories of how she developed the maesil plum into a traditional local resource through a book, a photo album, exhibits, description boards and others. The analysis methods used in this study are the narrative theory of narrative structure (express substance, express form, content substance, content form) and narrating elements (addresser, addressee, narrative, and narrating method). Hong Ssang Ri has narrated her stories to mothers, farmers, and unhealthy individuals to share her experiences, knowledge, feelings and thoughts. These narrative contents make people to understand the plum's value and meaning. In the process of industrializing the plum, the cultural contents of stories to share with consumers have contributed to the promotion of the plum by storytelling the brand ‘Hong Ssang Ri’ and the region ‘Gwangyang’.
(1493) Elizabeth [Edwards]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Star Formation Law for Dwarf Irregular Galaxies
Creators: name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
name: Hunter, Deidre A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radial profiles of gas, stars, and far ultraviolet radiation in 20 dwarf Irregular galaxies are converted to stability parameters and scale heights for a test of the importance of two-dimensional (2D) instabilities in promoting star formation. A detailed model of this instability involving gaseous and stellar fluids with self-consistent thicknesses and energy dissipation on a perturbation crossing time give the unstable growth rates. We find that all locations are effectively stable to 2D perturbations, mostly because the disks are thick. We then consider the average volume densities in the midplanes, evaluated from the observed HI surface densities and calculated scale heights. The radial profiles of the star formation rates are equal to about 1% of the HI surface densities divided by the free fall times at the average midplane densities. This 1% resembles the efficiency per unit free fall time commonly found in other cases. There is a further variation of this efficiency with radius in all of our galaxies, following the exponential disk with a scale length equal to about twice the stellar mass scale length. This additional variation is modeled by the molecular fraction in a diffuse medium using radiative transfer solutions for galaxies with the observed dimensions and properties of our sample. We conclude that star formation is activated by a combination of three-dimensional gaseous gravitational processes and molecule formation. Implications for outer disk structure and formation are discussed.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, accepted by ApJ
Ontogeny of mantle musculature and implications for jet locomotion in oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana
Creators: name: Thompson, Joseph T.
name: Kier, William M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: SUMMARY We examined the relationship between mantle muscle structure and mantle kinematics in an ontogenetic series (5-85 mm dorsal mantle length) of oval squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Thick filament length increased during growth in the mantle muscle fibres that power jet locomotion (i.e. the circular muscles). The thick filament length of both the superficial mitochondria-rich (SMR; analogous to vertebrate red muscle fibres) and central mitochondria-poor (CMP; analogous to vertebrate white muscle fibres) circular muscles increased significantly during ontogeny. Thick filaments in the SMR circular muscle fibres of newly hatched squid (N=5) ranged from 0.7 to 1.4 μm and averaged 1.0 μm, while the thick filaments of the SMR fibres of the largest squids (N=4) studied ranged from 1.2 to 3.4μ m and averaged 1.9 μm. The ontogeny of thick filament length in the CMP circular muscle fibres showed a similar trend. The range for hatchling CMP circular muscles was 0.7-1.4 μm, with an average of 1.0 μm, whereas the range and average for the largest squids studied were 0.9-2.2 μm and 1.5μ m, respectively. Within an individual hatchling, we noted no significant differences between the thick filament lengths of the SMR and CMP fibres. Within an individual juvenile, the thick filaments of the SMR fibres were∼ 25% longer than the CMP fibres. The change in thick filament length may alter the contractile properties of the circular muscles and may also result in a decrease in the rate of mantle contraction during jetting. In escape-jet locomotion, the maximum rate of mantle contraction was highest in newly hatched squid and declined during ontogeny. The maximum rate of mantle contraction varied from 7-13 muscle lengths per second in newly hatched squid (N=14) and from 3-5 muscle lengths per second in the largest squids (N=35) studied.
title: New experimental support for long standing concepts of polygenic genetics implies that the Mendelian genetic paradigm needs to be revised
title: The New (Old) Genetics
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Tautz, Diethard
name: Reeves, Richard
name: Pallares, Luisa F
Publisher: name: Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mendel
subject: Dalton
subject: polygenic

description: The field of Genetics started flourishing after the rediscovery of the Mendelian laws of inheritance at the beginning of the 20th century. These laws are based on a discrete classification of phenotypes and their causative genes. Such a Mendelian way of thinking forms the foundation of modern molecular biology, with its experimental paradigm that a gene function is inferred from the knock-out of the gene. However, most phenotypes are not discrete. Human height, for example, is a continuous phenotype and height measures approximate a Gaussian distribution. The statistical foundation for the genetics of human height was worked out by GALTON at the end of the 19th century. He established the basis of quantitative genetics, a field that has driven the agricultural and breeding programs in the past century. It is not until very recently that the technical developments behind the human genome project have paved the way to reconcile the two contrasting ways of genetic thinking – Mendelian genetics and statistical genetics – through genome-wide analyses. It has now become clear that most phenotypes are rarely determined by single Mendelian genes, but instead, many genes contribute to their determination and variation. It has even been suggested in the omnigenic model that all genes that are expressed at the appropriate time contribute to any given phenotype. These insights are stimulating a major rethinking of how the linear genetic information laid down in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is converted into the threedimensional structure of an individual. The new conceptual and experimental paradigms have already revolutionized animal and plant breeding. In the field of human genetics, the realization that common diseases also have a polygenic basis is raising new challenges for treatment. And finally, in basic sciences like molecular and evolutionary biology, researchers are starting to revisit traditional, but oversimplified concepts on how genes act and how evolutionary adaptation works.
(1487) Charles Cumberland
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Jarzynski-type equalities in gambling: role of information in capital growth
Creators: name: Hirono, Yuji
name: Hidaka, Yoshimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the capital growth in gambling with (and without) side information and memory effects. We derive several equalities for gambling, which are of similar form to the Jarzynski equality and its extension to systems with feedback controls. Those relations provide us with new measures to quantify the effects of information on the statistics of capital growth in gambling. We discuss the implications of the equalities and show that they reproduce the known upper bounds of average capital growth rates.
description: 32 pages, no figure; ver2: version to appear in Journal of Statistical Physics
DECODING BREATH: MACHINE LEARNING ADVANCEMENTS IN DIAGNOSING PULMONARY DISEASES VIA LUNG SOUND ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Wei, Zhang
name: Xiaoyan, Liu
Publisher: name: AMERICAN SERIAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Lung Sound Signals
Clinical Auscultation
Machine Learning
Pulmonary Disease Diagnosis
Non-invasive Healthcare

description: The lung sound signal, a vital physiological parameter in clinical auscultation, holds a wealth of physiological insights crucial for diagnosing and monitoring human health. Traditionally, clinicians heavily rely on subjective experiences to discern the nuances of lung sounds, aiding in the diagnosis of various pulmonary conditions. However, the inherent limitations of subjective judgment may lead to overlooked diagnoses or, worse, misdiagnoses of pulmonary diseases. In contrast to imaging methods like chest X-rays and lung function tests, which pose potential harm to the human body, lung sound auscultation stands out as a non-invasive and risk-free approach.

This paper addresses the burgeoning interest in leveraging machine learning techniques to harness the full potential of lung sound signals for enhanced diagnostic accuracy. Currently, clinicians depend on their subjective expertise to interpret the diverse array of lung sounds, introducing a considerable margin for error. With the evolution of computer science, there is a paradigm shift towards employing machine learning methodologies to achieve robust recognition and classification of lung sound signals. This transformative approach aims to empower healthcare professionals by providing objective and data-driven insights into patients' pulmonary conditions.

In clinical practice, the conventional reliance on subjective judgment raises concerns about missed diagnoses or incorrect assessments of lung diseases. Recognizing these challenges, this research advocates for the integration of machine learning algorithms to augment clinical auscultation. By developing automated systems capable of deciphering the intricate patterns within lung sound signals, we aim to mitigate the risks associated with subjective interpretation.

Moreover, it is imperative to underscore the non-invasiveness of lung sound auscultation, distinguishing it from conventional diagnostic modalities that may pose potential harm. By embracing machine learning advancements, we embark on a journey towards more precise and efficient diagnoses, minimizing the dependency on invasive procedures. As the field of computer science progresses, our commitment to refining and expanding the capabilities of machine learning in lung sound analysis is pivotal for revolutionizing pulmonary disease diagnosis
Science Bots: a Model for the Future of Scientific Computation?
Creators: name: Kuhn, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4.2

description: As a response to the trends of the increasing importance of computational approaches and the accelerating pace in science, I propose in this position paper to establish the concept of "science bots" that autonomously perform programmed tasks on input data they encounter and immediately publish the results. We can let such bots participate in a reputation system together with human users, meaning that bots and humans get positive or negative feedback by other participants. Positive reputation given to these bots would also shine on their owners, motivating them to contribute to this system, while negative reputation will allow us to filter out low-quality data, which is inevitable in an open and decentralized system.
description: WWW 2015 Companion, May 18-22, 2015, Florence, Italy
The Relative Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Transmission Channels in Tanzania: Empirical Lesson for Post COVID-19 Recovery
Creators: name: Mwamkonko, Mussa Ally
name: Mwamkonko, Mussa Ally
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: monetary policy
subject: transmission channel
subject: short-run
subject: long-run
subject: economic growth
subject: Tanzania

description: This study examines the relative efficacy of monetary policy transmission channels in Tanzania. The study applied co-integration and error correction modeling approach to analyze the short-run and long-run comparative effects of five monetary policy transmission mechanisms on economic growth. The study found that growth-effects of monetary policy depends on transmission channels used. The results show that interest rate channel and stock price channel are not effective in Tanzania. The results further show that though the bank credit channel is working, it is weak. Moreover, the results reveal that exchange rate and expected inflation are the dominant transmission channels of monetary policy in Tanzania. Thus, to enhance interest rate, stock price, and bank credit channels concerted efforts are required to increase financial inclusion in Tanzania. The central bank, commercial banks, financial markets, and other players should continue increasing access and range of financial services; revising lending procedures to private sector; and devise strategies to encourage more economic agents, preferably the domestic investors, to participate in the stock exchange market. In addition, there is a need for the central bank to closely continue monitoring inflation and exchange rates as the dominant monetary policy transmission mechanisms.