On the Origin of Cosmic Structures By Means of Einstein's Original General Relativity (Without Dark Energy) And The Standard Model of Elementary Particles (Without Dark Matter)
Creators: name: Ferenc, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: dark matter, dark energy, accelerated expansion, general relativity, electric charge, extremal, Coulomb repulsion, gravitational collapse, black hole, galaxy, quasar, void, galactic cluster, cosmic foam

description: Early reports from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) support growing evidence that galaxies in the very early universe were ‘surprisingly mature.’ We predict that JWST and other instruments will keep detecting well-developed galaxies as well as mature galactic clusters, as early as they can reach. The New-Old Cosmology we propose is founded in Einstein’s original (‘old’) General Relativity (GR) without the cosmological constant. The agent that, instead of dark energy, drives the accelerated expansion of the universe must be a component of the ordinary stress-energy tensor of the original GR, caused by an ordinary Standard-Model interaction. There is only one possibility: electrostatic repulsion. We show that with the proposition of an asymmetrically charged universe, Einstein’s original GR provides a comprehensive and coherent explanation for the origin of cosmic structures. Our studies indicate that at the onset of the electromagnetic plasma phase, the universe must have been approximately extremally charged , i.e. suspended in a local equilibrium between gravitational attraction and electrostatic repulsion. In the electrically conducting plasma, a fraction of the net charge migrated away from the initially overlapping charge- and mass-density peaks, making the mass-density peaks subextremal, and the surrounding shells superextremal. The repulsive electro-gravitational potential barriers formed by superextremal shells caused the prolapse of the surrounded highest-biased subextremal mass-density peaks into charged supermassive black holes, a process completed already during the first year. These black holes are the origin of all other structures, starting with galaxies, which formed around them by an equivalent electro-gravitational process already during the recombination period. Quasars are powered by the energy of their black holes’ charge, and they become dormant after that charge has been expended (partly through relativistic jets of electrons). The mechanism behind the formation of these and other major cosmic structures is universal: its key is the interplay between the gravitationally attractive subextremal matter and the gravitationally repulsive superextremal matter. The latter gradually gains net charge at the expense of the former, so it can exert increasingly more pressure on the former, as well as within the entire universe. The present-day state of void matter is ~1.6 times the extremal. This universal push-pull structure-formation mechanism is inherent in Einstein’s original GR, as exemplified by its Reissner–Nordström solution. In contrast, traditional cosmologies have embraced GR with neutral matter, which provides only the pull component and thus necessitates dark matter. We elaborate how this push-pull mechanism has formed progenitor black holes and galaxies, why black-hole clusters and the corresponding early galactic clusters are flash-photos of the one-year old universe, and how the superextremal void matter drives the accelerated expansion of the universe, inflates bubbles in the cosmic foam, and confines exceedingly fast ordinary matter into extra-massive galaxies and galactic clusters (all without dark matter).