cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Raman shift in the ternary fullerides with t1g states
Creators: name: Chen, X. H.
name: Takenobu, T.
name: Muro, T.
name: Fudo, H.
name: Iwasa, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Raman shift dependence of charge transfer is studied in the two fulleride families of AxBa3C60 (x=0,3; A=K,Rb) and KxSm2.75C60 (x=0,3.25). It is found that the Raman spectra are essentially identical to each other for all ternary fullerides, The results show a crossover point at the boundary of t1u and t1g bands for the Raman shift dependence of charge transfer. For the t1u fullerides, the Ag(2) pinch mode follows the characteristic shift of ~6.3cm-1 per elementary charge widely observed in KxC60. The two Ag modes in t1g fullerides show a complicated behavior. An anomalous Raman shift is observed in the t1g fullerides. This anomalous Raman shift of the two Ag modes could not be explained only by charge transfer.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B (Feburary 3, 1999)
title: Discovery of a Potent Proteolysis Targeting Chimera Enables Targeting the Scaffolding Functions of FK506‐Binding Protein 51 (FKBP51)
Creators: name: Geiger, Thomas M.
name: Walz, Michael
name: Meyners, Christian
name: Kuehn, Angela
name: Dreizler, Johannes K.
name: Sugiarto, Wisely O.
name: Maciel, Edvaldo V. S.
name: Zheng, Min
name: Lermyte, Frederik
name: Hausch, Felix
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2024

description: The FK506‐binding protein 51 (FKBP51) is a promising target in a variety of disorders including depression, chronic pain, and obesity. Previous FKBP51‐targeting strategies were restricted to occupation of the FK506‐binding site, which does not affect core functions of FKBP51. Here, we report the discovery of the first FKBP51 proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) that enables degradation of FKBP51 abolishing its scaffolding function. Initial synthesis of 220 FKBP‐focused PROTACs yielded a plethora of active PROTACs for FKBP12, six for FKBP51, and none for FKBP52. Structural analysis of a binary FKBP12:PROTAC complex revealed the molecular basis for negative cooperativity. Linker‐based optimization of first generation FKBP51 PROTACs led to the PROTAC SelDeg51 with improved cellular activity, selectivity, and high cooperativity. The structure of the ternary FKBP51:SelDeg51:VCB complex revealed how SelDeg51 establishes cooperativity by dimerizing FKBP51 and the von Hippel‐Lindau protein (VHL) in a glue‐like fashion. SelDeg51 efficiently depletes FKBP51 and reactivates glucocorticoid receptor (GR)‐signalling, highlighting the enhanced efficacy of full protein degradation compared to classical FKBP51 binding.
Talisia pachycarpa Radlk.
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Sapindaceae
Talisia
Talisia pachycarpa

description: [1588] Talisia pachycarpa Radlk.
 Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 350 (Radlkofer 1878).
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 2 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: P.A. Poiteau s.n. (holo-, G[G00008241, photo F neg. 23635]; iso-, F[V0071842F], possible iso-, K[K000542729]).
SIZE. — Up to 15 cm dbh (Acevedo-Rodríguez 2003).
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 684, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
Synergy between asteroseismology and exoplanet science: an outlook
Creators: name: Campante, Tiago L.
name: Barros, Susana C. C.
name: Demangeon, Olivier
name: da Nóbrega, Hugo J.
name: Kuszlewicz, James S.
name: Pereira, Filipe
name: Chaplin, William J.
name: Huber, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space-based asteroseismology has been playing an important role in the characterization of exoplanet-host stars and their planetary systems. The future looks even brighter, with space missions such as NASA's TESS and ESA's PLATO ready to take on this legacy. In this contribution, we provide an outlook on the synergy between asteroseismology and exoplanet science, namely, on the prospect of conducting a populational study of giant planets around oscillating evolved stars with the TESS mission.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures, 1 table; To appear in the Proceedings of PHOST "Physics of Oscillating Stars" - a conference in honour of Prof. H. Shibahashi, 2-7 Sep 2018, Banyuls-sur-mer, France; Edited by J. Ballot, S. Vauclair and G. Vauclair
The shape of ecological networks
Creators: name: Lassig, Michael
name: Bastolla, Ugo
name: Manrubia, Susanna C.
name: Valleriani, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the statistics of ecosystems with a variable number of co-evolving species. The species interact in two ways: by prey-predator relationships and by direct competition with similar kinds. The interaction coefficients change slowly through successful adaptations and speciations. We treat them as quenched random variables. These interactions determine long-term topological features of the species network, which are found to agree with those of biological systems.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1: of Interaction between the BAG1S isoform and HSP70 mediates the stability of anti-apoptotic proteins and the survival of osteosarcoma cells expressing oncogenic MYC
Creators: name: Gennaro, Victoria J.
name: Wedegaertner, Helen
name: McMahon, Steven
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. MYC-ER simulates oncogenic MYC activity in U2OS cancer cells. Activation of MYC-ER in U2OS cells with 4-OHT treatment demonstrated characteristic loss of endogenous MYC expression and simultaneous mRNA induction of known MYC targets BAG1, CAD and CCND2. (PDF 75 kb)
Talisia praealta Sagot ex Radlk.
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Sapindaceae
Talisia
Talisia praealta

description: [1589] Talisia praealta Sagot ex Radlk.
 Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 345 (Radlkofer 1878). — Cupania praealta (Sagot ex Radlk.) Sagot, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 6, 12: 199 (Sagot 1881).
VERNACULAR NAMES. — Pa: bukutru-ateu • Ka: tulisi, tulusili • Te: tuli • Wn: jala, tëpuimë • Cr: bwa-flanbo, bwa-golèt, payakousa • Br: pitomba-do-norte, pitombeira.
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 40 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: P.A. Sagot 1047, 1857 (holo-, B[not seen, photo F neg 5679]; lecto-, P[P04857336], designated by Acevedo-Rodríguez [2003: 76]; isolecto-, BM[BM001042336], BR[BR0000005416639], F[V0071846F, V0071847F], GOET[GOET010870], K[K000035414, K000035415], M[M0224877], MPU[MPU010929], NY[00658344], P[P04857336], U[U0006555]).
INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 114 trees in 74 plots; Fmax <1 %; dbhinv = 79.5 cm.
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 684, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
Elastic moduli, dislocation core energy and melting of hard disks in two dimensions
Creators: name: Sengupta, S.
name: Nielaba, P.
name: Binder, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastic moduli and dislocation core energy of the triangular solid of hard disks of diameter $σ$ are obtained in the limit of vanishing dislocation- antidislocation pair density, from Monte Carlo simulations which incorporates a constraint, namely that all moves altering the local connectivity away from that of the ideal triangular lattice are rejected. In this limit, we show that the solid is stable against all other fluctuations at least upto densities as low as $ρσ^2 = 0.88$. Our system does not show any phase transition so diverging correlation lengths leading to finite size effects and slow relaxations do not exist. The dislocation pair formation probability is estimated from the fraction of moves rejected due to the constraint which yields, in turn, the core energy E_c and the (bare) dislocation fugacity y. Using these quantities, we check the relative validity of first order and Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young (KTHNY) melting scenarios and obtain numerical estimates of the typical expected transition densities and pressures. We conclude that a KTHNY transition from the solid to a hexatic phase preempts the solid to liquid first order transition in this system albeit by a very small margin, easily masked by crossover effects in unconstrained ``brute-force'' simulations with small number of particles.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
A direct comparison of high-speed methods for the numerical Abel transform
Creators: name: Hickstein, Daniel D.
name: Gibson, Stephen T.
name: Yurchak, Roman
name: Das, Dhrubajyoti D.
name: Ryazanov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Abel transform is a mathematical operation that transforms a cylindrically symmetric three-dimensional (3D) object into its two-dimensional (2D) projection. The inverse Abel transform reconstructs the 3D object from the 2D projection. Abel transforms have wide application across numerous fields of science, especially chemical physics, astronomy, and the study of laser-plasma plumes. Consequently, many numerical methods for the Abel transform have been developed, which makes it challenging to select the ideal method for a specific application. In this work eight transform methods have been incorporated into a single, open-source Python software package (PyAbel) to provide a direct comparison of the capabilities, advantages, and relative computational efficiency of each transform method. Most of the tested methods provide similar, high-quality results. However, the computational efficiency varies across several orders of magnitude. By optimizing the algorithms, we find that some transform methods are sufficiently fast to transform 1-megapixel images at more than 100 frames per second on a desktop personal computer. In addition, we demonstrate the transform of gigapixel images.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Magnetic Response in Anyon Fluid at High Temperature
Creators: name: Ferrer, E. J.
name: de la Incera, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic response of the charged anyon fluid at temperatures lower and larger than the fermion enery gap $ω_{c}$ is investigated in the self-consistent field approximation. We prove that the anyon system with boundaries exhibits a total Meissner effect at temperatures smaller than the fermion energy gap ($T\ll ω_{c}$). The London penetration length at $T$ $\sim 200K$ is of the order $λ\sim 10^{-5}cm$. At $T\gg ω_{c}$ a new phase, characterized by an inhomogeneous magnetic penetration, is found. We conclude that the energy gap, $ω_{c},$ defines a scale that separates two phases: a superconducting phase at $T\ll ω_{c}$, and a non-superconducting one at $T\gg ω_{c}$.
description: 7 pages, Talk presented at SILAFAE'98. April 8-11, 1998, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Questionnaire of "Can the financial performance of the micro, small and medium-sized enterprise production sector in Medan be a signal in the use of a leanness strategy? ".
Creators: name: Triono, Muhammad Andi Abdillah
name: Ahmad, Semalat Triono
name: Ermiati, Cut
name: Sihombing, Humisar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150314 Small Business Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: From June 1, 2020, to October 25, 2020, questionnaires were sent to 466 SMEs in the production sector spread across 21 sub-districts of Medan City by post or electronically based on mobile phone numbers via WhatsApp or SMS applications. The questionnaire was addressed to one owner or business leader to fill out and return the questionnaire completely, either manually by post or by simply filling in online via google form https://forms.gle/KhWRGTYW6hSKBbbWA.
Talisia simaboides K. U. Kramer
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Sapindaceae
Talisia
Talisia simaboides

description: [1590] Talisia simaboides K.U.Kramer
 Acta Bot. Neerl. 21: 676 (Kramer 1972).
NOTE. — Known only from the Guiana Shield.
VERNACULAR NAMES. — Nt: gaan tatu tiki, tatu udu • Cr: bwaflanbo, payakousa.
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 35 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: D. Sabatier & M.-F. Prévost 3658.
 INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 132 trees in 93 plots; Fmax <1 %; dbhinv = 70 cm.
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 685, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
Structure and properties of a novel fulleride Sm6C60
Creators: name: Chen, X. H.
name: Liu, Z. S.
name: Li, S. Y.
name: Dam, H. C.
name: Iwasa, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel fulleride Sm6C60 has been synthesized using high temperature solid state reaction. The Rietveld refinement on high resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data shows that Sm6C60 is isostructural with body-centered cubic A6C60 (A=K, Ba). Raman spectrum of Sm6C60 is similar to that of Ba6C60, and the frequencies of two Ag modes in Sm6C60 are nearly the same as that of Ba6C60, suggesting that Sm is divalent and hybridization between C60 molecules and the Sm atom could exist in Sm6C60. Resistivity measurement shows a weak T-linear behavior above 180 K, the transport at low temperature is mainly dominated by granular-metal theory.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B (March 12, 1999)
Additional file 7: of The (cost) effectiveness of procedural sedation and analgesia versus general anaesthesia for hysteroscopic myomectomy, a multicentre randomised controlled trial: PROSECCO trial, a study protocol
Creators: name: Meulen, Julia Van Der
name: Bongers, Marlies
name: Coppus, Sjors
name: Bosmans, Judith
name: JosĂŠ Maessen
name: Rengerink, Katrien Oude
name: Overdijk, Lucilla
name: Celine Radder
name: Lucet Van Der Voet
name: Smeets, Nicol
name: Vliet, Huib Van
name: Hehenkamp, Wouter
name: Arentje Manger
name: Spaans, Wilbert
name: Bakkum, Erica
name: HorrĂŠe, Nicole
name: BriĂŤt, Justine
name: Steeg, Jan Van Der
name: Kok, Helen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Questionnaire on recurrence and re-interventions 12â months after surgery. (PDF 78 kb)
Monte Carlo Simulations of Trapped Ultracold Neutrons in the UCNτ Experiment
Creators: name: Callahan, Nathan
name: Liu, Chen-Yu
name: Gonzalez, Francisco
name: Adamek, Evan
name: Bowman, James David
name: Broussard, Leah
name: Clayton, S. M.
name: Currie, S.
name: Cude-Woods, C.
name: Dees, E. B.
name: Ding, X.
name: Egnel, E. M.
name: Fellers, D.
name: Fox, W.
name: Geltenbort, P.
name: Hickerson, K. P.
name: Hoffbauer, M. A.
name: Holley, A. T.
name: Komives, A.
name: MacDonald, S. W. T.
name: Makela, M.
name: Morris, C. L.
name: Ortiz, J. D.
name: Pattie, R. W.
name: Ramsey, J.
name: Salvat, D. J.
name: Saunders, A.
name: Seestrom, S. J.
name: Sharapov, E. I.
name: Sjue, S. K. L.
name: Tang, Z.
name: Vanderwerp, J.
name: Vogelaar, B.
name: Walstrom, P. L.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Weaver, H.
name: Wei, W.
name: Wexler, J.
name: Young, A. R.
name: Zeck, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the UCNτ experiment, ultracold neutrons (UCN) are confined by magnetic fields and the Earth's gravitational field. Field-trapping mitigates the problem of UCN loss on material surfaces, which caused the largest correction in prior neutron experiments using material bottles. However, the neutron dynamics in field traps differ qualitatively from those in material bottles. In the latter case, neutrons bounce off material surfaces with significant diffusivity and the population quickly reaches a static spatial distribution with a density gradient induced by the gravitational potential. In contrast, the field-confined UCN -- whose dynamics can be described by Hamiltonian mechanics -- do not exhibit the stochastic behaviors typical of an ideal gas model as observed in material bottles. In this report, we will describe our efforts to simulate UCN trapping in the UCNτ magneto-gravitational trap. We compare the simulation output to the experimental results to determine the parameters of the neutron detector and the input neutron distribution. The tuned model is then used to understand the phase space evolution of neutrons observed in the UCNτ experiment. We will discuss the implications of chaotic dynamics on controlling the systematic effects, such as spectral cleaning and microphonic heating, for a successful UCN lifetime experiment to reach a 0.01% level of precision.
description: 18 pages, 19 figures
Talisia squarrosa Radlk.
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Sapindaceae
Talisia
Talisia squarrosa

description: [1591] Talisia squarrosa Radlk.
 Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 346 (Radlkofer 1878).
NOTE. — Known only from the Guiana Shield.
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 13 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: M.-F. Prévost 2170.
INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 36 trees in 4 plots; Fmax = 2.4 %; dbhinv = 54.7 cm.
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 685, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
PRESIDENTIAL COMMUNICATION BREAKDOWNS: ANALYZING TRUMP'S LEADERSHIP APPROACH
Creators: name: Jane, Fletcher
Publisher: name: AMERICAN SERIAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: communication, leadership, critical thinking, , authoritarian, autocratic, democracy, compassion, honesty, past administrations

description: The communication style and shortcomings of the presidency of Donald Trump are examined in this article. The author argues that Trump's communication and leadership style failed as it was based on an authoritarian and autocratic corporate model that did not work in a democratic system. The article examines Trump's lack of critical thinking skills, response to COVID-19, ego and value issues, and other shortcomings. The author concludes that a President of the United States requires certain characteristics, including intellectualism, compassion, critical thinking skills, honesty, and visionary thinking. The article suggests that Trump's presidency was an experiment that failed because he did not possess these qualities. The author further argues that effective communication with the public requires well-thought-out, respectful, and thoughtful dialogue. Finally, the author makes recommendations for future presidents, such as avoiding sound-bite thinking, which reduces complex issues to simplistic statements and avoiding demonizing and blaming past administrations.
Fourier Acceleration of Langevin Molecular Dynamics
Creators: name: Alexander, Francis J.
name: Boghosian, Bruce M.
name: Brower, Richard C.
name: Kimura, S. Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fourier acceleration has been successfully applied to the simulation of lattice field theories for more than a decade. In this paper, we extend the method to the dynamics of discrete particles moving in continuum. Although our method is based on a mapping of the particles' dynamics to a regular grid so that discrete Fourier transforms may be taken, it should be emphasized that the introduction of the grid is a purely algorithmic device and that no smoothing, coarse-graining or mean-field approximations are made. The method thus can be applied to the equations of motion of molecular dynamics (MD), or its Langevin or Brownian variants. For example, in Langevin MD simulations our acceleration technique permits a straightforward spectral decomposition of forces so that the long-wavelength modes are integrated with a longer time step, thereby reducing the time required to reach equilibrium or to decorrelate the system in equilibrium. Speedup factors of up to 30 are observed relative to pure (unaccelerated) Langevin MD. As with acceleration of critical lattice models, even further gains relative to the unaccelerated method are expected for larger systems. Preliminary results for Fourier-accelerated molecular dynamics are presented in order to illustrate the basic concepts. Possible extensions of the method and further lines of research are discussed.
description: 11 pages, two illustrations included using graphicx
Dynamical Critical Properties of the Random Transverse-Field Ising Spin Chain
Creators: name: Kisker, J.
name: Young, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamical properties of the random transverse-field Ising chain at criticality using a mapping to free fermions, with which we can obtain numerically exact results for system sizes, L, as large as 256. The probability distribution of the local imaginary time correlation function S(tau) is investigated and found to be simply a function of alpha = -log S(tau) / log(tau). This scaling behavior implies that the typical correlation function decays algebraically where the exponent is determined from the distribution of alpha. The precise value for the exponent depends on exactly how the ``typical'' correlation function is defined. The form of P(alpha) for small alpha gives a contribution to the average correlation function, which varies as a power of the logarithm of time, which was obtained recently in Europhys. Lett. 39, 135 (1997). These results represent a type of ``multiscaling'' different from the well-known ``multifractal'' behavior.
description: 5 pages, 5 postscript figures included
Model Calculation of Electron-Phonon Couplings in a Dimer with a Non-Degenerate Orbital
Creators: name: Acquarone, M.
name: Noce, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate all the electron-phonon couplings derived from the one-body electronic interactions, in both the adiabatic and extreme non-adiabatic limit, for a dimer with a non-degenerate orbital built from atomic wave functions of Gaussian shape. We find largely different values of the coupling parameters in the two cases, as well as different expressions of the corresponding terms in the Hamiltonian.
description: 5 postscript figures
Global well-posedness for the Phan-Thein-Tanner model in critical Besov spaces without damping
Creators: name: Chen, Yuhui
name: Luo, Wei
name: Zhai, Xiaoping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we mainly investigate the Cauchy problem for the Phan-Thein-Tanner (PTT) model. The PPT model can be viewed as a Navier-Stokes equations couple with a nonlinear transport system. This model is derived from network theory for the polymeric fluid. We study about the global well posedness of the PTT model in critical Besov spaces. When the initial data is a small perturbation over around the equilibrium, we prove that the strong solution in critical Besov spaces exists globally.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1811.07462
Additional file 1 of Patient perception of doctor communication skills and patient trust in rural primary health care: the mediating role of health service quality
Creators: name: Gu, Linni
name: Tian, Bo
name: Xin, Yujia
name: Zhang, Shengfa
name: Li, Jing
name: Sun, Zhijun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Evolution of reference networks with aging
Creators: name: Dorogovtsev, S. N.
name: Mendes, J. F. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the growth of a reference network with aging of sites defined in the following way. Each new site of the network is connected to some old site with probability proportional (i) to the connectivity of the old site as in the Barabási-Albert's model and (ii) to $τ^{-α}$, where $τ$ is the age of the old site. We consider $α$ of any sign although reasonable values are $0 \leq α\leq \infty$. We find both from simulation and analytically that the network shows scaling behavior only in the region $α< 1$. When $α$ increases from $-\infty$ to 0, the exponent $γ$ of the distribution of connectivities ($P(k) \propto k^{-γ}$ for large $k$) grows from 2 to the value for the network without aging, i.e. to 3 for the Barabási-Albert's model. The following increase of $α$ to 1 makes $γ$ to grow to $\infty$. For $α>1$ the distribution $P(k)$ is exponentional, and the network has a chain structure.
description: 4 pages revtex (twocolumn, psfig), 5 figures
Talisia sylvatica Radlk.
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Sapindaceae
Talisia
Talisia sylvatica

description: [1592] Talisia sylvatica (Aubl.) Radlk.
 Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad.Wiss. München 8: 341 (Radlkofer 1878). — Racaria sylvatica Aubl., Hist. Pl. Guiane 2 (Suppl.): 24 [Jun.-Dec. 1775] (Aublet 1775).
 Talisia carinata Radlk. f. acutisepala Radlk., Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13 (3): 549 [1 Apr. 1900] (Radlkofer 1900).
 Talisia micrantha Radlk., Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 375 (Radlkofer 1911).
 Talisia reticulata Radlk., Repert. Spec.Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 376 (Radlkofer 1911).
VERNACULAR NAMES. — Pa: tuu-aška •Te:tuli • Wp: tuli ãtã •Wn:tëpu.
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 64 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: P. Acevedo-Rodríguez et al. 4911.
INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 1 tree, dbh = 25.6 cm.
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 685, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
Additional file 5: of The (cost) effectiveness of procedural sedation and analgesia versus general anaesthesia for hysteroscopic myomectomy, a multicentre randomised controlled trial: PROSECCO trial, a study protocol
Creators: name: Meulen, Julia Van Der
name: Bongers, Marlies
name: Coppus, Sjors
name: Bosmans, Judith
name: JosĂŠ Maessen
name: Rengerink, Katrien Oude
name: Overdijk, Lucilla
name: Celine Radder
name: Lucet Van Der Voet
name: Smeets, Nicol
name: Vliet, Huib Van
name: Hehenkamp, Wouter
name: Arentje Manger
name: Spaans, Wilbert
name: Bakkum, Erica
name: HorrĂŠe, Nicole
name: BriĂŤt, Justine
name: Steeg, Jan Van Der
name: Kok, Helen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Uterine Fibroid Symptoms â Quality of Life (UFS-QoL) questionnaire. (PDF 265 kb)
Diffraction Dissociation in Photoproduction at HERA
Creators: name: Adloff, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study is presented of the process gamma p -->XY, where there is a large rapidity gap between the systems X and Y. Measurements are made of the differential cross section as a function of the invariant mass mx of the system produced at the photon vertex. Results are presented at centre of mass energies of W_gp = 187 GeV and W_gp = 231 GeV, both where the proton dominantly remains intact and, for the first time, where it dissociates. Both the centre of mass energy and the mx^2 dependence of HERA data and those from a fixed target experiment may simultaneously be described in a triple-Regge model. The low mass photon dissociation process is found to be dominated by diffraction, though a sizable subleading contribution is present at larger masses. The pomeron intercept is extracted and found to be alpha_pom(0) = 1.068 \pm 0.016 (stat.) \pm 0.022 (syst.) \pm 0.041 (model), in good agreement with values obtained from total and elastic hadronic and photoproduction cross sections. The diffractive contribution to the process gamma p --> Xp with mx^2 / W_gp^2 < 0.05 is measured to be 22.2 \pm 0.6 (stat.) \pm 2.6 (syst.) \pm 1.7 (model) % of the total gamma p cross section at W_gp = 187 GeV.
description: 29 pages, latex, 6 Figures
Socio-Economic Development of PVTGs in India: Problems and Solutions
Creators: name: Agarwal, Himanshu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Schedule Tribes
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
Constitution of India
Tribal Development

description: The central part of India, the middle belt and the north-eastern states are the main adobe of tribal people in India. The tribal communities were hard to access and they were violent, too. Therefore, the British Government adopted a policy of pacification through indirect rule with respect to tribal areas and treated them differently from the rest of the country. The British policy resulted in exploitation an encroachment of tribal lands and thus they have lost command over the natural resources in their own habitat. The British administrators have neglected the tribal areas. At present, 94 percent of the forest dwellers are tribes or PVTGs and their economy is depending on forest to a great extent. They exploited the forests for fulfilling their basic needs by hunting wild life and collecting roots and fruits. Primitive Tribal Group (PTG) has a pre-agricultural system of existence, hunting and gathering culture, zero or negative population-growth and extremely low level of literacy in comparison to other scheduled Tribes as defined in Article 366(25) of the constitution of India. The primitive conditions of the tribe’s life, their vulnerability to economic exploitation, the existing socio – psychological barriers due to isolation necessitated a cautious and phased approach for the development of PVTGs. A special approach should have been formulated by the Indian Government with protection and integration of tribes as its principal objective of all-round development of tribes. The Present paper draws a clear scape about the pre and post independence state of the PVTGs and the problems of this group and effective solutions.
 Abbreviations: ST (Schedule Tribes); PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups); PVTGs (Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups); UT (Union Territory); MFP (Minor Forest Produce) PESA (Provision of the Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Area).
 Key Words: Schedule Tribes, Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), Constitution of India, Tribal Development.
 JEL Classification: D63, F43, I15, I25, J11, J15.
Additional file 6: of The (cost) effectiveness of procedural sedation and analgesia versus general anaesthesia for hysteroscopic myomectomy, a multicentre randomised controlled trial: PROSECCO trial, a study protocol
Creators: name: Meulen, Julia Van Der
name: Bongers, Marlies
name: Coppus, Sjors
name: Bosmans, Judith
name: JosĂŠ Maessen
name: Rengerink, Katrien Oude
name: Overdijk, Lucilla
name: Celine Radder
name: Lucet Van Der Voet
name: Smeets, Nicol
name: Vliet, Huib Van
name: Hehenkamp, Wouter
name: Arentje Manger
name: Spaans, Wilbert
name: Bakkum, Erica
name: HorrĂŠe, Nicole
name: BriĂŤt, Justine
name: Steeg, Jan Van Der
name: Kok, Helen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Questionnaire on recurrence and re-interventions 12â months after surgery. (PDF 76 kb)
Exact free energy distribution function of a randomly forced directed polymer
Creators: name: Gorokhov, D. A.
name: Blatter, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the elastic (1+1)-dimensional string subject to a random gaussian potential on scales smaller than the correlation radius of the disorder potential (Larkin problem). We present an exact calculation of the probability function ${\cal P} [F(u,L)]$ for the free energy $F$ of a string starting at $(0,0)$ and ending at $(u,L)$. The function ${\cal P}(F)$ is strongly asymmetric, with the left tail decaying exponentially ($\ln {\cal P}(F\to-\infty)\propto F$) and the right tail vanishing as $\ln {\cal P}(F\to +\infty)\propto -F^{3}$. Our analysis defines a strategy for future attacks on this class of problems.
description: RevTeX, 4 pages, 1 figure inserted
Supplementary Material for the Publication "Innovation by Information Technology Recombination: How Artificial Intelligence Progressive Web Apps Foster Sustainable Development"
Creators: name: Fukas, Philipp
name: Thomas, Oliver
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence
Progressive Web Apps
Recombinant Innovation
Sustainability
Systematic Literature Review

description: Supplementary Material for the Publication "Innovation by Information Technology Recombination: How Artificial Intelligence Progressive Web Apps Foster Sustainable Development"
MOESM1 of Evaluation of grain yield based on digital images of rice canopy
Creators: name: Kailou Liu
name: Yazhen Li
name: Tianfu Han
name: Xichu Yu
name: Huicai Ye
name: Huiwen Hu
name: Zhihua Hu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The rice growth of tillering (A), jointing (B), heading (C), filling (D), late filling (E) and maturity (F) stages in 2016. Fig. S2 The rice growth of late filling stage in 2017.
Deep penetration fluorescence imaging through dense yeast cells suspensions using Airy beams
Creators: name: Nagar, Harel
name: Roichman, Yael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new method to image fluorescent objects through turbid media base on Airy beam scanning. This is achieved by using the non-diffractive nature of Airy beams, namely their ability to maintain their shape while penetrating through a highly scattering medium. We show, that our technique can image fluorescent objects immersed in turbid media with higher resolution and signal to noise than confocal imaging. As proof-of-principle, we demonstrate imaging of 1$μ$m sized fluorescent beads through a dense suspension of yeast cells with an attenuation coefficient of 51cm$^{-1}$ at a depth of 90$μ$m. Finally, we demonstrate that our technique can also provide the depth of the imaged object without any additional sectioning.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Predictability: a way to characterize Complexity
Creators: name: Boffetta, G.
name: Cencini, M.
name: Falcioni, M.
name: Vulpiani, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different aspects of the predictability problem in dynamical systems are reviewed. The deep relation among Lyapunov exponents, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, Shannon entropy and algorithmic complexity is discussed. In particular, we emphasize how a characterization of the unpredictability of a system gives a measure of its complexity. Adopting this point of view, we review some developments in the characterization of the predictability of systems showing different kind of complexity: from low-dimensional systems to high-dimensional ones with spatio-temporal chaos and to fully developed turbulence. A special attention is devoted to finite-time and finite-resolution effects on predictability, which can be accounted with suitable generalization of the standard indicators. The problems involved in systems with intrinsic randomness is discussed, with emphasis on the important problems of distinguishing chaos from noise and of modeling the system. The characterization of irregular behavior in systems with discrete phase space is also considered.
description: 142 Latex pgs. 41 included eps figures, submitted to Physics Reports. Related information at this http://axtnt2.phys.uniroma1.it
A novel experimental setup for rare events selection and its potential application to super heavy elements search
Creators: name: Majka, Z.
name: Planeta, R.
name: Sosin, Z.
name: Wieloch, A.
name: Zelga, K.
name: Adamczyk, M.
name: Pelczar, K.
name: Barbui, M.
name: Wuenschel, S.
name: Hagel, K.
name: Cao, X.
name: Kim, E-J.
name: Natowitz, J.
name: Wada, R.
name: Zheng, H.
name: Giuliani, G.
name: Kowalski, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper presents a novel instrumentation for rare events selection which was tested in our research of short lived super heavy elements production and detection. The instrumentation includes an active catcher multi elements system and dedicated electronics. The active catcher located in the forward hemisphere is composed of 63 scintillator detection modules. Reaction products of damped collisions between heavy ion projectiles and heavy target nuclei are implanted in the fast plastic scintillators of the active catcher modules. The acquisition system trigger delivered by logical branch of the electronics allows to record the reaction products which decay via the alpha particle emissions or spontaneous fission which take place between beam bursts. One microsecond wave form signal from FADCs contains information on heavy implanted nucleus as well as its decays.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Acta Physica Polonica B
Toulicia elliptica Radlk.
Creators: name: Molino, Jean-François
name: Sabatier, Daniel
name: Grenand, Pierre
name: Engel, Julien
name: Frame, Dawn
name: Delprete, Piero G.
name: Fleury, Marie
name: Odonne, Guillaume
name: Davy, Damien
name: Lucas, Eve J.
name: Martin, Claire A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Sapindaceae
Toulicia
Toulicia elliptica

description: [1593] Toulicia elliptica Radlk.
(Fig. 53D)
 Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 371 (Radlkofer 1878).
VERNACULAR NAMES. — Pa: tuu-kamwi.
 HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — A single collection, D. Sabatier & J.-F. Molino 5076.
INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 41 trees in 7 plots; Fmax = 2.5 %; dbhinv = 47.4 cm.
description: Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 685, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777
Ingram 2025, Supplemental Materials, Guide 3: Climatic and Agricultural Factors Affecting Maize Productivity
Creators: name: Ingram, Scott
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: U.S.
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/86639/us
subject: North America
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/22/north-america
subject: U.S. Southwest
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/43/us-southwest
subject: Dendroclimatology
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/56643/dendroclimatology
subject: Climate Extremes
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/172727/climate-extremes
subject: Drought
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/37382/drought
subject: Human-environment interactions
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/141704/human-environment-interactions
subject: Conceptual Models
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/172728/conceptual-models
subject: Climate
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/4170/climate
subject: Methodology, Theory, or Synthesis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/6/methodology-theory-or-synthesis

description: These Supplemental Materials are associated with:

Ingram, Scott E. 2025. Climate and Human Behavior Studies for our Warming World: An Introduction to the Models, Methods, and Data. Advances in Archaeological Practice.
Defect-free SnTe topological crystalline insulator nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy on graphene
Creators: name: Sadowski, J.
name: Dziawa, P.
name: Kaleta, A.
name: Kurowska, B.
name: Reszka, A.
name: Story, T.
name: Kret, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SnTe topological crystalline insulator nanowires have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on graphene/SiC substrates. The nanowires have cubic rock-salt structure, they grow along [001] crystallographic direction and have four sidewalls consisting of {100} crystal planes known to host metallic surface states with Dirac dispersion. Thorough high resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations show that the nanowires grow on graphene in the van der Walls epitaxy mode induced when the catalyzing Au nanoparticle mixes with Sn delivered from SnTe flux, providing liquid Au-Sn alloy. The nanowires are totally free from structural defects, but their {001} sidewalls are prone to oxidation, which points out on necessity of depositing protective capping in view of exploiting the magneto-electric transport phenomena involving charge carriers occupying topologically protected states.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
MOESM1 of Impairment of tissue repair in pneumonia due to β-cell deficiency: role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in alveolar macrophages
Creators: name: Yamashita, Yoshiro
name: Reiki Kuroki
name: Takaki, Masahiro
name: Tanaka, Takeshi
name: Masachika Senba
name: Konosuke Morimoto
name: Amano, Hideaki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1 . Efferocytosis of mouse AMs. A) Percentage of MPO-positive AMs after intratracheal injection of LPS. Open symbols represent control mice, and filled squares represent β-cell-depleted hyperglycemic mice. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 5). There were no significant differences in MPO-positive AMs between the control and β-cell-depleted hyperglycemic mice. B) Percentage of MPO-positive AMs ex vivo. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 3). There were no significant differences in MPO-positive AMs between the control and β-cell-depleted hyperglycemic mice.
d-Wave Pairing Correlation in the Two-Dimensional t-J Model
Creators: name: Shih, C. T.
name: Chen, Y. C.
name: Lin, H. Q.
name: Lee, T. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pair-pair correlation function of the two-dimensional t-J model is studied by using the power-Lanczos method and an assumption of monotonic behavior. In comparison with the results of the ideal Fermi gas, we conclude that the 2D t-J model does not have long range d-wave superconducting correlation in the interesting parameter range of $J/t \leq 0.5$. Implications of this result will also be discussed.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, accepted by PRL