Changwhania ceylonensis Baker 1925
Creators: name: Zhang, Yalin
name: Duan, Yani
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Changwhania
Changwhania ceylonensis

description: Changwhania ceylonensis (Baker, 1925)
(Figs 3–6, 9 B–D, 9G, 9H)
Deltocephalus bimaculatus Melichar, 1903: 204, Sri Lanka; Kuoh, 1966: 128, China.
Deltocephaus ceylonensis Baker, 1925: 537. Replacement name for Deltocephalus bimaculatus Melichar. Cicadula bipunctatus, Singh-Pruthi, 1930: 59, plate V, fig. 3. India. Synonymised by Webb & Heller, 1990: 8. Changwhania changwhani Kwon, 1980: 99, figs 1.8. Korea. Synonymised by Webb & Heller, 1990: 8. Changwhania ceylonensis Baker, Webb & Heller, 1990: 452.
Length (including tegmen), male: 2.6–2.7mm; female: 2.9–3.2mm.
General coloration pale yellowish orange to sordid yellow. Vertex pale yellowish orange, with two transversely oblong black markings near coronal margin, rarely markings joined medially or more rounded (see Remarks). Frontoclypeus with two black oval markings on each side just beneath antennal sockets. Pronotum and scutellum pale yellow to light brownish yellow without any striking transverse brown bands. Rostrum tip blackish. Tegmina pale yellow, subhyaline, Legs and venter pale yellowish orange to light brownish yellow. Female pregenital sternite with posterior medial lobe usually with black margin.
Male genitalia. Style apical process foot-like with a variable heel, the latter sometimes with a small to large triangular extension. Aedeagal shaft with rounded apex; with one short and one long apical process, latter variable in length (see Remarks), with or without a tooth near midlength.
Female seventh sternum produced lobe-like medially on posterior margin.
Material examined. JAPAN, 23, 2ƤƤ, Ryukyus, Yonguni Is., Higawa. M. Hayashi, 9.x.93 (BMNH). KOREA: 13, Gyeongnam Prov., Mt Gajisan, 1.x.1984, Y.J. Kwon (BMNH). INDIA: 1Ƥ, Nilgiri Hills, T.V. Campbell (syntype of Deltocephalus capitatus Distant); 1Ƥ, Arun Valley, below Tumlingar, River Sabhaya, west shore, c.1800’, 22.xii.1961, dead leaves lying in sun on sandy shore; 13, Arun Valley, below Tumlingar, c. 1800’, 14.23. xii.1961, evergreen shrubs bordering dry stream beds (BMNH). NEPAL: 13, Bhandar, 2,200m., 5.viii.1964; 3 3, 1Ƥ, Jiri, 2000m, 17.vi and 9.viii.64 (BMNH). CHINA: Shaanxi Prov.: 1Ƥ, Xixiang, 1980. vii.29; 1Ƥ, Ankang, 1980. vii.29; 2ƤƤ, Yangling, 1986.vii; 13, Shangdong Prov., Laiyang, 500–800m, 2001. vii.22, coll.; 13, 4ƤƤ, Hubei Prov., County Fangxian, Town Jundian, 2001. vii.30, coll. He Zhiqiang; 1Ƥ, Sichuan Prov., Huanglong, 1980. vii.02; Hunan Prov., Chenzhou: 13, 4ƤƤ, 1985. vii.23; 13, 1985. viii.03, Jiangxi Prov.: Pingxiangfanglou: 13, 2002. viii.05; 3ƤƤ, 2002. viii.05; Shangrao, Mt. Qianshan: 2ƤƤ, 2002. viii.13; 13, 8ƤƤ, 80m, 2006. viii.31; 1Ƥ, Fujian Prov., County Shanghang, 2003. viii.16,; Guangxi Autonomous Region: 1Ƥ, Park Shiwandashan, 2001. xi.30, coll.; 5ƤƤ, Xinzhai, 900m, 2006. viii.18,; Guangdong Prov.: Dianbai: 1Ƥ, 1983. iv.08; 13, 2ƤƤ, 1983. iv.10; 13, 4ƤƤ, 1983. iv.11; 2ƤƤ, 1983. iv.12; 13, 4ƤƤ, 1983. iv.13; 2ƤƤ, Shenzhen, 1983. iv.18; 1Ƥ, Mt. Dinghu, 1983. vii.17; Sichuan Prov., 33, 1Ƥ, Batang, Zhubalong, 2450m, 2001. vii.12, coll. Sun Qiang; 13, 1Ƥ, Mianning, 1650m, 1999.viii, coll. I. Dworakowska; Hainan Prov.: 1Ƥ, Xinglong, 1983. iv.27; 1Ƥ, Changjiang, 1983. vi.22; Bawangling: 13, 1983. vi.24,; 2ƤƤ, 1983. vi.26; Liangyuan: 23, 1983. vi.29; 1Ƥ, 1983. vi.31; 13, 4ƤƤ, 1983. vi.01; 1Ƥ, 1983. vi.02,; 13, 1983. vi.07; Qiongzhong: 3ƤƤ, 1983. vi.04; 1Ƥ, 1983. vi.05; 1Ƥ, Tongshen, 1983. vi.07. Various collectors (Zhang Yalin, Yang Meixia, Ma Ning, Chai Yonghui, Qin Daozheng, Liu Zhenjiang, Sun Qinxia, Yuan Zhonglin, Duan Yani, Wang Zongqing), at light or without further information (NWAFU). THAILAND: 33, 5ƤƤ, Chiengmai, uppland rice, v.1982; 23, 1Ƥ, Lopburi, vi.1974; 13 (BMNH). PHILIPPINES: 13, Malangol, Kalinga, 8.iv.1972, A.D. Pawar; 13, Luzon, Albay Prov., Guinobatan, 2.3. viii.1978 (BMNH); 33, 1Ƥ, Mountain Prov., Abatan, Buguias, 1800–2000m., iv, v.1964, H.M. Torrevillas; 2ƤƤ, Luzon, La Trinidad, 4–5.iv.1968, D.E. Hardy; 1Ƥ, Tifalmin, 1400m., 21.viii.1963, R. Straatman, light trap (BPBM). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 13, W. Sepik, 19.xi.1985, J.W. Ismay, on taro (BMNH). NEW CALEDONIA: 33, hills behind Noumea, 17.vii.1940, F.X. Williams (BPBM).
Distribution. Korea, Japan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia.
Remarks. This species can be distinguished externally by the oblong black spots on the vertex and narrow black patch below each antennal base (Figs 9 B–D, 9G, 9H, 4A, 4B), and in the male genitalia by the typically foot-like apical process of the style (Figs 3 C, 4E–H) or with a triangular distal extension (Figs 5 D, 5E, 6E) and apical position of one or both of the aedeagal process (Figs 3 D, 4I-N, 5F, 5G, 6F, 6G). This identity, which resulted in the above synonymy by Webb & Heller (1990), is based on associating males to the female types of ceylonensis with similar shaped head spots. However, based on the material examined in this study, in some specimens the spots in ceylonensis approach those of terauchii, i.e. are more rounded. Adding to this difficulty of separating the two species on external appearance is the fact that two species have similar distributions and females of all species of the genus have an identical medial lobed pregenital sternite. Also, in specimens from New Caledonia the vertex spots are distinctly rounded and relatively large, and in one specimen from India (Arun Valley) the head spots coalesce to form a transverse band as described by Distant (1918) for part of the syntype series of C. distanti (Baker) i.e. that from Kodaicanal, India (specimen(s) not found). In addition, the material from Thailand, Nepal, Philippines (Abatan) and China (Sichuan Province) show more extreme variation of the male genitalia than in some other specimens, i.e. the apex of the style is extended either into a triangular lobe (China, Figs 5 E, 6E) or is foot-like with a well developed heel (remainder, Fig. 4 E), one aedeagal process is much longer (Figs 4 N, 5F, 5G, 6F, 6G), the pygofer processes is truncate (Philippines) and the anal tube process is acute (Thailand) or bifurcate (Nepal). In contrast, some specimens on the south eastern fringes of the distribution i.e. from New Guinea and New Caledonia (see Material examined) have more typical male genitalia as in fig. 3.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Yalin & Duan, Yani, 2009, A taxonomic review of the Old World leafhopper genus Changwhania Kwon (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Paralimnini), pp. 19-32 in Zootaxa 2089 on pages 22-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.187456