cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observing a light dark matter beam with neutrino experiments
Creators: name: deNiverville, Patrick
name: Pospelov, Maxim
name: Ritz, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the sensitivity of fixed-target neutrino experiments at the luminosity frontier to light stable states, such as those present in models of MeV-scale dark matter. To ensure the correct thermal relic abundance, such states must annihilate via light mediators, which in turn provide an access portal for direct production in colliders or fixed targets. Indeed, this framework endows the neutrino beams produced at fixed-target facilities with a companion `dark matter beam', which may be detected via an excess of elastic scattering events off electrons or nuclei in the (near-)detector. We study the high luminosity proton fixed-target experiments at LSND and MiniBooNE, and determine that the ensuing sensitivity to light dark matter generally surpasses that of other direct probes. For scenarios with a kinetically-mixed U(1)' vector mediator of mass m_V, we find that a large volume of parameter space is excluded for m_DM ~ 1-5 MeV, covering vector masses 2 m_DM < m_V < m_eta and a range of kinetic mixing parameters reaching as low as kappa ~ 10^{-5}. The corresponding MeV-scale dark matter scenarios motivated by an explanation of the galactic 511 keV line are thus strongly constrained.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures; v2: typos corrected, to appear in Phys. Rev. D; v3: note added clarifying the parameter range excluded by LSND
WAIS-R Subtest Profile and Cortical Perfusion in Alzheimer's Disease
Creators: name: Alexander, Gene E.
name: Prohovnik, Isak
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Mayeux, Richard Paul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Neurology
Alzheimer's disease--Patients
WAIS-R Digit Span subtest
Diagnosis

description: WAIS-R profiles were investigated in 28 Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and 21 healthy elderly subjects. The Fuld subtest profile, previously reported to have potential as a diagnostic marker for AD, was observed in 35.7% of our AD patients and 4.8% of the controls. We compared AD patients with the Fuld profile (ADF+) to a group of patients without the profile (ADF−) with similar demographics and dementia severity and demographically matched normals using regional Cerebral Blood Flow. Both AD groups showed reduced blood flow in the parietotemporal cortex compared to normals, but the ADF+ patients had greater flow reductions than the ADF− group. Examination of WAIS-R performance indicated that the ADF+ group had lower scores than the ADF− patients on the Digit Symbol and Block Design subtests, and further, that these two subtests were associated with the parietotemporal perfusion deficit in our AD sample. Our findings do not support the use of the Fuld profile as a diagnostic marker for AD, but do provide physiological evidence for behavioral heterogeneity among AD patients based on WALS-R subtest performance.
White Matter Tract Covariance Patterns Predict Age-Declining Cognitive Abilities
Creators: name: Gazes, Yunglin
name: Bowman, DuBois
name: Razlighi, Qolamreza R.
name: O'Shea, Deirdre
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Habeck, Christian G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cognition--Age factors
subject: Brain--Imaging
subject: Diffusion tensor imaging
subject: Multivariate analysis

description: Previous studies investigating the relationship of white matter (WM) integrity to cognitive abilities and aging have either focused on a global measure or a few selected WM tracts. Ideally, contribution from all of the WM tracts should be evaluated at the same time. However, the high collinearity among WM tracts precludes systematic examination of WM tracts simultaneously without sacrificing statistical power due to stringent multiple-comparison corrections. Multivariate covariance techniques enable comprehensive simultaneous examination of all WM tracts without being penalized for high collinearity among observations. METHOD: In this study, Scaled Subprofile Modeling (SSM) was applied to the mean integrity of 18 major WM tracts to extract covariance patterns that optimally predicted four cognitive abilities (perceptual speed, episodic memory, fluid reasoning, and vocabulary) in 346 participants across ages 20 to 79years old. Using expression of the covariance patterns, age-independent effects of white matter integrity on cognition and the indirect effect of WM integrity on age-related differences in cognition were tested separately, but inferences from the indirect analyses were cautiously made given that cross-sectional data set was used in the analysis. RESULTS: A separate covariance pattern was identified that significantly predicted each cognitive ability after controlling for age except for vocabulary, but the age by WM covariance pattern interaction was not significant for any of the three abilities. Furthermore, each of the patterns mediated the effect of age on the respective cognitive ability. A distinct set of WM tracts was most influential in each of the three patterns. The WM covariance pattern accounting for fluid reasoning showed the most number of influential WM tracts whereas the episodic memory pattern showed the least number. CONCLUSION: Specific patterns of WM tracts make significant contributions to the age-related differences in perceptual speed, episodic memory, and fluid reasoning but not vocabulary. Other measures of brain health will need to be explored to reveal the major influences on the vocabulary ability.
Low Countries Pottery in Elgin, Scotland
Creators: name: Verhaeghe, F
name: Lindsay, W S
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 7, 95-100
description: The authors describe finds of imported Low Countries pottery recovered from excavations in Elgin. These include parts of a pitcher and a cooking-pot of 14th century date. It is thought that these finds reached Elgin through redistribution from Scottish coastal centres rather than through direct trade.
Lightcone mock catalogues from semi-analytic models of galaxy formation - I. Construction and application to the BzK colour selection
Creators: name: Merson, Alexander I.
name: Baugh, Carlton M.
name: Helly, John C.
name: Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Bielby, Richard
name: Norberg, Peder
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Benson, Andrew J.
name: Bower, Richard G.
name: Lacey, Cedric G.
name: Lagos, Claudia del P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a method for constructing end-to-end mock galaxy catalogues using a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation, applied to the halo merger trees extracted from a cosmological N-body simulation. The mocks that we construct are lightcone catalogues, in which a galaxy is placed according to the epoch at which it first enters the past lightcone of the observer, and incorporate the evolution of galaxy properties with cosmic time. We determine the position between the snapshot outputs at which a galaxy enters the observer's lightcone by interpolation. As an application, we consider the effectiveness of the BzK colour selection technique, which was designed to isolate galaxies in the redshift interval 1.4
description: 23 pages, 17 figures. Accepted by MNRAS. Minor corrections following comments from referee. Lightcone mock catalogues for various surveys will be made available for download at http://www.dur.ac.uk/a.i.merson/lightcones.html
The Origins of AGN Obscuration: The 'Torus' as a Dynamical, Unstable Driver of Accretion
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Narayanan, Desika
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-scale simulations have made it possible to follow gas inflows onto massive black holes (BHs) from galactic scales to the accretion disk. When sufficient gas is driven towards the BH, gravitational instabilities generically form lopsided, eccentric disks that propagate inwards. The lopsided stellar disk exerts a strong torque on the gas disk, driving inflows that fuel rapid BH growth. Here, we investigate whether the same gas disk is the 'torus' invoked to explain obscured AGN. The disk is generically thick and has characteristic ~1-10 pc sizes and masses resembling those required of the torus. The scale heights and obscured fractions of the predicted torii are substantial even in the absence of strong stellar feedback providing the vertical support. Rather, they can be maintained by strong bending modes and warps excited by the inflow-generating instabilities. Other properties commonly attributed to feedback processes may be explained by dynamical effects: misalignment between torus and host galaxy, correlations between local SFR and turbulent gas velocities, and dependence of obscured fractions on AGN luminosity or SFR. We compare the predicted torus properties with observations of gas surface density profiles, kinematics, scale heights, and SFR densities in AGN nuclei, and find that they are consistent. We argue that it is not possible to reproduce these observations and the observed column density (N_H) distribution without a clumpy gas distribution, but allowing for clumping on small scales the predicted N_H distribution is in good agreement with observations from 10^20-27 cm^-2. We examine how N_H scales with galaxy and AGN properties, and find that AGN feedback may be necessary to explain some trends with luminosity and/or redshift. The torus is not merely a bystander or passive fuel source for accretion, but is itself the mechanism driving accretion.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, accepted to MNRAS (matches accepted version)
Effect of exposure to nature on subsequent stress, as moderated by personality and connectedness to nature
Creators: name: Crawford, Maxine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Experiences with nature can help us cope with the impact of stress. Research indicates that exposure to nature following a stressful event can reduce the stress evoked by that event (e.g., exposure to nature reduces autonomic arousal, stress, and stress-related health complaints). However, research has largely ignored the possibility that exposure to nature may prevent or reduce the effects of a subsequent stressor. Moderated multiple regression was used to assess whether personality and connectedness to nature moderate the inoculative effects of virtual nature and urban exposure on subsequent emotional stress. In a controlled laboratory environment, undergraduates completed self-report measures and took their own heart rate and blood pressure before and after watching one of three videos, and also before and after viewing emotionally negative pictures. Individuals high in neuroticism had a significant reduction in positive affect when exposed to virtual urban videos, and individuals high in openness had a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure when exposed to a virtual nature video. No significant findings were found for agreeableness, conscientiousness, connectedness to nature, heart rate, or systolic blood pressure; although systolic blood pressure statistics approached significance and had congruent findings with diastolic blood pressure. Significant findings were found for the personality traits of openness and neuroticism. The findings suggest that exposure to virtual nature may have inoculative benefits to subsequent stress, but future research on duration of exposure, exposure to real nature, and exposure to various stressors is necessary to define under what circumstances inoculative effects take place. Implications of this research could impact education and health policy by promoting increased exposure to real and virtual nature.
Posterior Mean Super-resolution with a Causal Gaussian Markov Random Field Prior
Creators: name: Katsuki, Takayuki
name: Torii, Akira
name: Inoue, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.5; I.4.4; G.3
subject: 68U10, 62F15

description: We propose a Bayesian image super-resolution (SR) method with a causal Gaussian Markov random field (MRF) prior. SR is a technique to estimate a spatially high-resolution image from given multiple low-resolution images. An MRF model with the line process supplies a preferable prior for natural images with edges. We improve the existing image transformation model, the compound MRF model, and its hyperparameter prior model. We also derive the optimal estimator -- not the joint maximum a posteriori (MAP) or marginalized maximum likelihood (ML), but the posterior mean (PM) -- from the objective function of the L2-norm (mean square error) -based peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Point estimates such as MAP and ML are generally not stable in ill-posed high-dimensional problems because of overfitting, while PM is a stable estimator because all the parameters in the model are evaluated as distributions. The estimator is numerically determined by using variational Bayes. Variational Bayes is a widely used method that approximately determines a complicated posterior distribution, but it is generally hard to use because it needs the conjugate prior. We solve this problem with simple Taylor approximations. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method is more accurate or comparable to existing methods.
description: 11 pages, 20 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A Sunyaev-Zel'dovich take on cluster radio haloes -- I. Global scaling and bi-modality using Planck data
Creators: name: Basu, Kaustuv
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Giant radio haloes in galaxy clusters are the primary evidence for the existence of relativistic particles (cosmic rays) and magnetic fields over Mpc scales. Observational tests for the different theoretical models explaining their powering mechanism have so far been obtained through X-ray selection of clusters, e.g. by comparing cluster X-ray luminosities with radio halo power. Here we present the first global scaling relations between radio halo power and integrated Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect measurements, using the Planck all-sky cluster catalog and published radio data. The correlation agrees well with previous scaling measurements based on X-ray data, and offers a more direct probe into the mass dependence inside radio haloes. However, we find no strong indication for a bi-modal cluster population split between radio halo and radio quiet objects. We discuss the possible causes for this apparent lack of bi-modality, and compare the observed slope of the radio-SZ correlation with competing theoretical models of radio halo origin.
description: Matched to the published version, minor changes including title and reference updates
Strengthening Resilience to Urban Explosive Violence. IBRN Sri Lanka Workshop 2-3 July 2024 - Workshop Report
Creators: name: Brown, Rebecca
name: Denny, Jack
name: Chung Kim Yuen, Steeve
name: Gabriel, Sherlyn
name: Wild, Hannah
name: Davis, Timothy
name: Tacchi, Jake
name: Badri, Elsara
name: Batchelor, James
name: Haniffa Abusayeed, Mohamed
name: Brackstone, Ken
name: Mendis, Asela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 420311
subject: Health systems
classificationCode: 420313
subject: Mental health services
classificationCode: 420309
subject: Health management
classificationCode: 320207
subject: Emergency medicine
classificationCode: 350703
subject: Disaster and emergency management
classificationCode: 420206
subject: Forensic epidemiology
classificationCode: 420305
subject: Health and community services
classificationCode: 420604
subject: Injury prevention
classificationCode: 440402
subject: Humanitarian disasters, conflict and peacebuilding
classificationCode: 330303
subject: Design for disaster relief
classificationCode: 440711
subject: Risk policy

description: This report captures key insights from our IBRN workshop, “Strengthening Resilience to Urban Explosive Violence,” held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, in July 2024. This report examines Sri Lanka’s health and emergency response systems, particularly in the context of the 2019 Easter Sunday bombings. It explores the country's rebuilding efforts over the past five years and identifies key lessons that can inform future preparedness strategies both in Sri Lanka and globally. Through expert discussions, the event highlighted critical research and policy opportunities to mitigate the impacts of explosive violence.The workshop focused on two core themes: emergency response to the 2019 Easter Bombings and the subsequent rebuilding process. Key topics covered included:Explosive violence data collection and casualty reportingDecision-making in emergency communicationPatterns of blast injuriesStrengthening emergency response capabilitiesThe long-term reverberating effects of explosive violenceStrategies to mitigate blast injury threatsBlast-resilient urban design and protective infrastructure
What Is Cognitive Reserve? Theory and Research Application of the Reserve Concept
Creators: name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Neurology
Neuropsychology
Cognition
Epidemiology

description: The idea of reserve against brain damage stems from the repeated observation that there does not appear to be a direct relationship between the degree of brain pathology or brain damage and the clinical manifestation of that damage. This paper attempts to develop a coherent theoretical account of reserve. One convenient subdivision of reserve models revolves around whether they envision reserve as a passive process, such as in brain reserve or threshold, or see the brain as actively attempting to cope with or compensate for pathology, as in cognitive reserve. Cognitive reserve may be based on more efficient utilization of brain networks or of enhanced ability to recruit alternate brain networks as needed. A distinction is suggested between reserve, the ability to optimize or maximize normal performance, and compensation, an attempt to maximize performance in the face of brain damage by using brain structures. or networks not engaged when the brain is not damaged. Epidemiologic and imaging data that help to develop and support the concept of reserve are presented.
title: Das Darmstädter Energie-Labor für Technologien in der Anwendung: Übersichtspapier - Reallabor DELTA
Creators: name: Kohne, Thomas
name: Beck, Martin
name: Bishara, Nadja
name: Seyfried, Stefan
name: Schneider, Jens
name: Weigold, Matthias
name: Weigold, Matthias
name: Kohne, Thomas
name: Seyfried, Stefan
name: Beck, Martin
name: Bishara, Nadja
name: Technische Universität Darmstadt
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2023

description: Im Reallabor DELTA werden energiesystemische Methoden angewendet und energietechnische Anlagen errichtet, um erfolgreiche Pilotprojekte der urbanen Energiewende in die breite Anwendung zu überführen. Im Mittelpunkt steht die konsequente Steigerung der Energieeffizienz in allen Sektoren, die bereits heute als größtes nutzbares Potenzial der urbanen Energiewende gilt. Darüber hinaus sollen Potenziale zur zeitlichen Verschiebung elektrischer Lasten identifiziert und zur optimalen Einbindung erneuerbarer Energiequellen genutzt werden. Energieeffizienz und -flexibilität werden durch die intelligente Verknüpfung einzelner Quartiere des betrachteten städtischen Energiesystems sowie durch Sektorkopplung erreicht. Wesentlich ist dabei die Entwicklung eines ganzheitlichen Innovationsökosystems, um alle Akteur:innen des Energiesystems an den energetischen und wirtschaftlichen Potenzialen teilhaben zu lassen. Hierzu wird im Projekt ein mehrstufiger, sektorübergreifender Ansatz verfolgt.
A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND FINANCIAL LOSE OF CATTLE, SHEEP AND GOATS FASCIOLOSIS SLAUGHTERED AT   ELFORA ETHIOPIAN LIVESTOCK AND MEAT EXPORT INDUSTRIALIZED ABATTOIR IN DEBREZEIT TOWN, ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: ZEMENE, LAKEW
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: No abstract available for this resource
Generalized Gibbs state with modified Redfield solution: Exact agreement up to second order
Creators: name: Thingna, Juzar
name: Wang, Jian-Sheng
name: Hänggi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel scheme for the steady state solution of the standard Redfield quantum master equation is developed which yields agreement with the exact result for the corresponding reduced density matrix up to second order in the system-bath coupling strength. We achieve this objective by use of an analytic continuation of the off-diagonal matrix elements of the Redfield solution towards its diagonal limit. Notably, our scheme does not require the provision of yet higher order relaxation tensors. Testing this modified method for a heat bath consisting of a collection of harmonic oscillators we assess that the system relaxes towards its correct coupling-dependent, generalized quantum Gibbs state in second order. We numerically compare our formulation for a damped quantum harmonic system with the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism: we find good agreement at low temperatures for coupling strengths that are even larger than expected from the very regime of validity of the second-order Redfield quantum master equation. Yet another advantage of our method is that it markedly reduces the numerical complexity of the problem; thus allowing to study efficiently large-sized \emph{system} Hilbert spaces.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, minor changes, Accepted for publication in J. Chem. Phys. (JCP)
Perceptions and deceptions : perspectives on adoptions from South Korea to North America
Creators: name: Bagga, Rupa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This study provides a critical synthesis of existing research on adoptions from South Korea to the United States, and adds a comparison with adoptions from Korea to Canada. The focus is on the intersections of gender, race, class, and age, in Korea and the receiving countries. The first chapter provides an overview of debates on transnational, transracial adoption and justifies an interdisciplinary approach. The three central chapters look at adoptions from Korea to the US in three chronological stages. Each of these chapters begins with an examination of historical and sociological studies of adoptions from Korea, complemented by my own fieldwork there. This is followed by analyses of auto/bio/graphical texts in relation to the historical and socio-political background for that period. The focus in Chapter 2 is on the perspective of adopters, and analysis of the memoirs of Bertha Holt throws light on the origins of adoptions from Korea to the US. Chapter 3 conveys the perspective of Korean birthmothers, whose ‘letters’ to the relinquished child provide insight into the reasons for the continuation of adoptions from Korea.Chapter 4 moves to the perspective of adult adoptees who have returned to Korea and produced accounts representing a range of views on transnational, transracial adoption. The fifth chapter, dealing with Canada, adds the perspective of a Canadian adoption agency and would-be parents seeking to adopt from Korea, as adoptions from there are being phased out. Throughout the study terms borrowed from Foucault serve to highlight how collective and individual genealogies and power relations compete and intersect in the perceptions and interpretations of all those concerned. The central question is why and how perceptions of transnational adoptions from Korea have changed, in relation to institutional power (disciplines and biopower) and technologies of the self as means to enable adoptees and birthmothers to emerge from tutelage to care of/for the self. The Conclusion looks at the present situation in South Korea and an alternative heterotopic solution, the “children’s village.”
Verbal Fluency Predicts Mortality in Alzheimer Disease
Creators: name: Cosentino, Stephanie
name: Scarmeas, Nikolaos
name: Albert, Steven M.
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Neurology
subject: Mortality
subject: Alzheimer's disease
subject: Verbal behavior
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: OBJECTIVES: To assess the predictive value of neuropsychologic profiles, at diagnosis, for mortality in incident Alzheimer disease (AD). BACKGROUND: Rate of AD progression varies significantly across individuals for reasons that are not well understood. Several studies have linked rapid decline with disproportionately impaired executive functioning, presumably reflecting greater impairment of frontal networks. To the extent that differential neuropsychologic profiles reflect various neuropathologic presentations of AD, such profiles may inform survival estimates early in the disease. METHODS: Five neuropsychologic indices were used to characterize performance in 161 individuals at diagnosis of AD during a 15-year, longitudinal, primarily community-based study. RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of participants reached the mortality end point with a median survival of 5.52 years (95% confidence interval, 4.41-6.63). Cox proportional hazards analyses indicated that older age at diagnosis was associated with higher risk of mortality (risk ratios, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.12) whereas Hispanic ethnicity predicted lower mortality [0.22 (0.09-0.55)]. Controlling for these 2 demographic variables, higher verbal fluency scores at diagnosis predicted lower mortality [0.69 (0.49-0.96)]. CONCLUSIONS: Disproportionate impairment of both category and letter fluency at the earliest stages of AD predicts mortality. The prognostic value of these tests may derive from their general psychometric properties, or may reflect the measures' sensitivity to an early or critical level of compromise to frontal networks.
Spherically Symmetric Solutions in Ghost-Free Massive Gravity
Creators: name: Comelli, D.
name: Crisostomi, M.
name: Nesti, F.
name: Pilo, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a class of theories of massive gravity has been shown to be ghost-free. We study the spherically symmetric solutions in the bigravity formulation of such theories. In general, the solutions admit both a Lorentz invariant and a Lorentz breaking asymptotically flat behaviour and also fall in two branches. In the first branch, all solutions can be found analitycally and are Schwarzschild-like, with no modification as is found for other classes of theories. In the second branch, exact solutions are hard to find, and relying on perturbation theory, Yukawa-like modifications of the static potential are found. The general structure of the solutions suggests that the bigravity formulation of massive gravity is crucial and more than a tool.
description: 15 pages. Some change in the references
Unilateral Disruptions in the Default Network with Aging in Native Space
Creators: name: Razlighi, Qolamreza R.
name: Habeck, Christian G.
name: Steffener, Jason
name: Gazes, Yunglin
name: Zahodne, Laura B.
name: Mackay-Brandt, A.
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurology
subject: Aging
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: BACKGROUND: Disruption of the default-mode network (DMN) in healthy elders has been reported in many studies. METHODS: In a group of 51 participants (25 young, 26 elder) we examined DMN connectivity in subjects' native space. In the native space method, subject-specific regional masks (obtained independently for each subject) are used to extract regional fMRI times series. This approach substitutes the spatial normalization and subsequent smoothing used in prevailing methods, affords more accurate spatial localization, and provides the power to examine connectivity separately in the two hemispheres instead of averaging regions across hemispheres. RESULTS: The native space method yielded new findings which were not detectable by the prevailing methods. The most reliable and robust disruption in elders' DMN connectivity were found between supramarginal gyrus and superior-frontal cortex in the right hemisphere only. The mean correlation between these two regions in young participants was about 0.5, and dropped significantly to 0.04 in elders (P = 2.1 x 10(-5)). In addition, the magnitude of functional connectivity between these regions in the right hemisphere correlated with memory (P = 0.05) and general fluid ability (P = 0.01) in elder participants and with speed of processing in young participants (P = 0.008). These relationships were not observed in the left hemisphere. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that analysis of DMN connectivity in subjects' native space can improve localization and power and that it is important to examine connectivity separately in each hemisphere.
Tuning the electron energy by controlling the density perturbation position in laser plasma accelerators
Creators: name: Brijesh, P.
name: Thaury, C.
name: Phuoc, K. Ta
name: Corde, S.
name: Lambert, G.
name: Malka, V.
name: Mangles, S. P. D.
name: Bloom, M.
name: Kneip, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A density perturbation produced in an underdense plasma was used to improve the quality of electron bunches produced in the laser-plasma wakefield acceleration scheme. Quasi-monoenergetic electrons were generated by controlled injection in the longitudinal density gradients of the density perturbation. By tuning the position of the density perturbation along the laser propagation axis, a fine control of the electron energy from a mean value of 60 MeV to 120 MeV has been demonstrated with a relative energy-spread of 15 +/- 3.6%, divergence of 4 +/- 0.8 mrad and charge of 6 +/- 1.8 pC.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Loewy filtration and quantum de Rham cohomology over quantum divided power algebra
Creators: name: Gu, Haixia
name: Hu, Naihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B10, 17B37, 20G05, 20G42, 81R50 (Primary) 14F40, 81T70 (Secondary)

description: The paper explores the indecomposable submodule structures of quantum divided power algebra $\mathcal{A}_q(n)$ defined in \cite{HU} and its truncated objects $\mathcal{A}_q(n, \bold m)$. An "intertwinedly-lifting" method is established to prove the indecomposability of a module when its socle is non-simple. The Loewy filtrations are described for all homogeneous subspaces $\mathcal{A}^{(s)}_q(n)$ or $\mathcal{A}_q^{(s)}(n, \bold m)$, the Loewy layers and dimensions are determined. The rigidity of these indecomposable modules is proved. An interesting combinatorial identity is derived from our realization model for a class of indecomposable $\mathfrak{u}_q(\mathfrak{sl}_n)$-modules. Meanwhile, the quantum Grassmann algebra $Ω_q(n)$ over $\mathcal{A}_q(n)$ is constructed, together with the quantum de Rham complex $(Ω_q(n), d^\bullet)$ via defining the appropriate $q$-differentials, and its subcomplex $(Ω_q(n,\bold m), d^\bullet)$. For the latter, the corresponding quantum de Rham cohomology modules are decomposed into the direct sum of some sign-trivial $\mathfrak{u}_q(\mathfrak{sl}_n)$-modules.
description: 26 pages
A meet-in-the-middle algorithm for fast synthesis of depth-optimal quantum circuits
Creators: name: Amy, Matthew
name: Maslov, Dmitri
name: Mosca, Michele
name: Roetteler, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an algorithm for computing depth-optimal decompositions of logical operations, leveraging a meet-in-the-middle technique to provide a significant speed-up over simple brute force algorithms. As an illustration of our method we implemented this algorithm and found factorizations of the commonly used quantum logical operations into elementary gates in the Clifford+T set. In particular, we report a decomposition of the Toffoli gate over the set of Clifford and T gates. Our decomposition achieves a total T-depth of 3, thereby providing a 40% reduction over the previously best known decomposition for the Toffoli gate. Due to the size of the search space the algorithm is only practical for small parameters, such as the number of qubits, and the number of gates in an optimal implementation.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures, 1 table; To appear in IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
BCS-BEC Crossover in 2D Fermi Gases with Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling
Creators: name: He, Lianyi
name: Huang, Xu-Guang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic theoretical study of the BCS-BEC crossover in two-dimensional Fermi gases with Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC). By solving the exact two-body problem in the presence of an attractive short-range interaction we show that the SOC enhances the formation of the bound state: the binding energy $E_{\text B}$ and effective mass $m_{\text B}$ of the bound state grows along with the increase of the SOC. For the many-body problem, even at weak attraction, a dilute Fermi gas can evolve from a BCS superfluid state to a Bose condensation of molecules when the SOC becomes comparable to the Fermi momentum. The ground-state properties and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition temperature are studied, and analytical results are obtained in various limits. For large SOC, the BKT transition temperature recovers that for a Bose gas with an effective mass $m_{\text B}$. We find that the condensate and superfluid densities have distinct behaviors in the presence of SOC: the condensate density is generally enhanced by the SOC due to the increase of the molecule binding, the superfluid density is suppressed because of the non-trivial molecule effective mass $m_{\text B}$.
description: Slightly shortened version published in PRL
Tunneling Conductance and Surface States Transition in Superconducting Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Yamakage, Ai
name: Yada, Keiji
name: Sato, Masatoshi
name: Tanaka, Yukio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theory of the tunneling spectroscopy for superconducting topological insulators (STIs), where the surface Andreev bound states (SABSs) appear as helical Majorana fermions. Based on the symmetry and topological nature of parent topological insulators, we find that the SABSs in the STIs have a profound structural transition in the energy dispersions. The transition results in a variety of Majorana fermions, by tuning the chemical potential and the effective mass of the energy band. We clarify that Majorana fermions in the vicinity of the transitions give rise to robust zero bias peaks in the tunneling conductance between normal metal/STI junctions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
AGN obscuration through dusty infrared dominated flows. I. Radiation-hydrodynamics solution for the wind
Creators: name: Dorodnitsyn, A.
name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S.
name: Kallman, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a radiation-hydrodynamics model for the obscuring toroidal structure in active galactic nuclei. In this model the obscuration is produced at parsec scale by a dense, dusty wind which is supported by infrared radiation pressure on dust grains. To find the distribution of radiation pressure, we numerically solve the 2D radiation transfer problem in a flux limited diffusion approximation. We iteratively couple the solution with calculations of stationary 1D models for the wind, and obtain the z-component of the velocity. Our results demonstrate that for AGN luminosities greater than 0.1 Ledd external illumination can support a geometrically thick obscuration via outflows driven by infrared radiation pressure. The terminal velocity of marginally Compton-thin models (0.2
description: 28 pages, 7 figures; accepted to ApJ, minor corrections
Valorisation of Biomass-Derived Platform Molecules
Creators: name: Pollard, Brett
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2024

description: Conventional chemistry in the 20th and 21st centuries is hinged on the extraction and manipulation of non-renewable, fossil-derived chemical feedstocks. This thesis details new efforts to pivot towards the valorisation of sustainable biomass-derived platform molecules as a source of commodity chemicals. Primarily, the work involves the utilisation of levoglucosenone, a compound available in the kiloton scale from the pyrolysis of acid-treated cellulosic waste. In Chapter 2, the landscape of sustainable platform molecules is described, as well as the existing work performed on levoglucosenone, giving context to the experimental work reported herein. Chapter 3 is an experimentally based article which provides a novel synthesis of iso-levoglucosenone, the quasi-enantiomer of levoglucosenone, formed through a new and synthetically concise 1,3-carbonyl transposition. This approach was also compared to an alternate synthesis from D-glucose. This material was then hydrogenated to form a novel potential solvent (iso-Cyrene), the properties of which were compared to the levoglucosenone-derived solvent Cyrene. Chapter 4 provides novel transformations of levoglucosenone and iso-levoglucosenone-derived Diels-Alder adducts using several dienes, including the biomass-derived a-terpinene. The products of these cycloadditions were then subjected to reduction of the carbonyl to afford diastereomeric alcohols, which could then be transformed using Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements and intramolecular bromoetherifications. These fully characterised products give novel and distinct chemical structures. Finally, Chapter 5 describes the most direct polymerisation of levoglucosenone reported to date, facilitated using a catalytic amount of nucleophilic base. This polymer was obtained in quantitative yields and with relatively high molecular weights. Further, the material was functionalised using a green Baeyer-Villiger oxidation to give an extremely hydrophilic and freely water-soluble polymer.
Kangan: A Traditional Pottery in Southern Iran
Creators: name: Whitehouse, David
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 8, 11-26
description: This paper describes a traditional pottery at Kangan on the Persian Gulf, 30 km from the site of Siraf, a major port between c. AD 800 and 1000. The pottery was studied in 1969-73 by members of the expedition excavating at Siraf. Two establishments, operating on a seasonal basis and each employing nine workmen, produced a wide range of unglazed earthenware, which was sold along the Iranian coast and across the Gulf in Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar. Despite the adoption of oil instead of brushwood for firing the kilns, the pottery seemed unlikely to survive the rising cost of labour and competition from mass-produced plastic utensils. Several features of the pottery had analogies in the 10th century potters' quarter at Siraf.
The Use of Petrology in the Study of Medieval Ceramics: Case Studies from Southern England
Creators: name: G Vince, Alan
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 8, 31-46
description: The uses of the three most common petrological techniques - binocular microscope study, thin-sectioning and heavy mineral analysis - are described. Five case studies are presented in which thin-sectioning has been used to provide previously unsuspected information concerning the source of the pottery. It is nevertheless admitted that these are atypical and that in many cases the results of petrological analysis must be so tentative as to be not worth the effort of analysis.
Nonlocal Gravity: Modified Poisson's Equation
Creators: name: Chicone, C.
name: Mashhoon, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent nonlocal generalization of Einstein's theory of gravitation reduces in the Newtonian regime to a nonlocal and nonlinear modification of Poisson's equation of Newtonian gravity. The nonlocally modified Poisson equation implies that nonlocality can simulate dark matter. Observational data regarding dark matter provide limited information about the functional form of the reciprocal kernel, from which the original nonlocal kernel of the theory must be determined. We study this inverse problem of nonlocal gravity in the linear domain, where the applicability of the Fourier transform method is critically examined and the conditions for the existence of the nonlocal kernel are discussed. This approach is illustrated via simple explicit examples for which the kernels are numerically evaluated. We then turn to a general discussion of the modified Poisson equation and present a formal solution of this equation via a successive approximation scheme. The treatment is specialized to the gravitational potential of a point mass, where in the linear regime we recover the Tohline-Kuhn approach to modified gravity.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures; v2: minor improvements, accepted for publication in J. Math. Phys
Anglo-Saxon Pottery and Die-Stamps: Preliminary Notes on a Programme of Experimental Archaeology
Creators: name: A Stokes, Michael
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 8, 27-30
description: This short paper is an account of a recent experiment in the manufacture of pagan Saxon pottery, in particular the fabrics found at the Baginton cemetery, Warks., and an assessment of possible materials used in producing decorative stamps on such pottery. The results suggest a number of possibilities for future research, and the author would be pleased to receive comments from other workers in the field.
Use and Cost of Hospitalization in Dementia: Longitudinal Results from a Community-Based Study
Creators: name: Zhu, Carolyn W.
name: Cosentino, Stephanie
name: Ornstein, Katherine
name: Gu, Yian
name: Andrews, Howard F.
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Neurology
Hospitals--Rates
Geriatric psychiatry
Dementia--Patients--Care

description: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to examine the relative contribution of functional impairment and cognitive deficits on risk of hospitalization and costs. METHODS: A prospective cohort of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older who participated in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) were followed approximately every 18 months for over 10 years (1805 never diagnosed with dementia during study period, 221 diagnosed with dementia at enrollment). Hospitalization and Medicare expenditures data (1999-2010) were obtained from Medicare claims. Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine (1) risk of all-cause hospitalizations, (2) hospitalizations from ambulatory care sensitive (ACSs) conditions, (3) hospital length of stay (LOS), and (4) Medicare expenditures. Propensity score matching methods were used to reduce observed differences between demented and non-demented groups at study enrollment. Analyses took into account repeated observations within each individual. RESULTS: Compared to propensity-matched individuals without dementia, individuals with dementia had significantly higher risk for all-cause hospitalization, longer LOS, and higher Medicare expenditures. Functional and cognitive deficits were significantly associated with higher risks for hospitalizations, hospital LOS, and Medicare expenditures. Functional and cognitive deficits were associated with higher risks of for some ACS but not all admissions. CONCLUSIONS: These results allow us to differentiate the impact of functional and cognitive deficits on hospitalizations. To develop strategies to reduce hospitalizations and expenditures, better understanding of which types of hospitalizations and which disease characteristics impact these outcomes will be critical.
YETISHTIRILAYOTGAN JUN TOLASINI TADQIQ QILISH
Creators: name: Urozov, M.Q.
name: Ermatov, Sh.Q.
name: Egamberdiyeva, N.R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada jun tolalari to‘qimachilik sanoatida muhim xomashyo hisoblanadi. Biroq, jun yig‘ib olingandan so‘ng, uning tarkibida turli xil aralashmalar, jumladan, o‘t-o‘lan qoldiqlari, tuproq, qum, o‘simlik urug‘lari va boshqa ifloslantiruvchi moddalar mavjud bo‘ladi. Shu sababli, jun tolalarini aralashmalardan tozalash hamda uni o‘rganish to‘qimachilik sanoatida muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanligi qisqacha yoritilgan.
Conductance beyond the Landauer limit and charge pumping in quantum wires
Creators: name: Sau, Jay D.
name: Kitagawa, Takuya
name: Halperin, Bertrand I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Periodically driven systems, which can be described by Floquet theory, have been proposed to show characteristic behavior that is distinct from static Hamiltonians. Floquet theory proposes to describe such periodically driven systems in terms of states that are indexed by a photon number in addition to the usual Hilbert space of the system. We propose a way to measure directly this additional Floquet degree of freedom by the measurement of the DC conductance of a single channel quantum point contact. Specifically, we show that a single channel wire augmented with a grating structure when irradiated with microwave radiation can show a DC conductance above the limit of one conductance quantum set by the Landauer formula. Another interesting feature of the proposed system is that being non-adiabatic in character, it can be used to pump a strong gate-voltage dependent photo-current even with linearly polarized radiation.
description: 9 pages; 3 figures: Final published version; includes minor revisions from the last version