cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
NuSTAR detection of high-energy X-ray emission and rapid variability from Sagittarius A* flares
Creators: name: Barrière, Nicolas M.
name: Tomsick, John A.
name: Baganoff, Frederick K.
name: Boggs, Steven E.
name: Christensen, Finn E.
name: Craig, William W.
name: Dexter, Jason
name: Grefenstette, Brian
name: Hailey, Charles J.
name: Harrison, Fiona A.
name: Madsen, Kristin K.
name: Mori, Kaya
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Zhang, William W.
name: Zhang, Shuo
name: Zoglauer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sagittarius A* harbors the supermassive black hole that lies at the dynamical center of our Galaxy. Sagittarius A* spends most of its time in a low luminosity emission state but flares frequently in the infrared and X-ray, increasing up to a few hundred fold in brightness for up to a few hours at a time. The physical processes giving rise to the X-ray flares are uncertain. Here we report the detection with the NuSTAR observatory in Summer and Fall 2012 of four low to medium amplitude X-ray flares to energies up to 79 keV. For the first time, we clearly see that the power-law spectrum of Sagittarius A* X-ray flares extends to high energy, with no evidence for a cut off. Although the photon index of the absorbed power-law fits are in agreement with past observations, we find a difference between the photon index of two of the flares (significant at the 95% confidence level). The spectra of the two brightest flares (~55 times quiescence in the 2-10 keV band) are compared to simple physical models in an attempt to identify the main X-ray emission mechanism, but the data do not allow us to significantly discriminate between them. However, we confirm the previous finding that the parameters obtained with synchrotron models are, for the X-ray emission, physically more reasonable than those obtained with inverse-Compton models. One flare exhibits large and rapid (< 100 s) variability, which, considering the total energy radiated, constrains the location of the flaring region to be within ~10 Schwarzschild radii of the black hole.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
The central dynamics of M3, M13, and M92: Stringent limits on the masses of intermediate-mass black holes
Creators: name: Kamann, Sebastian
name: Wisotzki, Lutz
name: Roth, Martin M.
name: Gerssen, Joris
name: Husser, Tim-Oliver
name: Sandin, Christer
name: Weilbacher, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used the PMAS integral field spectrograph to obtain large sets of radial velocities in the central regions of three northern Galactic globular clusters: M3, M13, and M92. By applying the novel technique of crowded field 3D spectroscopy, we measured radial velocities for about 80 stars within the central ~ 10 arcsec of each cluster. These are by far the largest spectroscopic datasets obtained in the innermost parts of these clusters up to now. To obtain kinematical data across the whole extent of the clusters, we complement our data with measurements available in the literature. We combine our velocity measurements with surface brightness profiles to analyse the internal dynamics of each cluster using spherical Jeans models, and investigate whether our data provide evidence for an intermediate-mass black hole in any of the clusters. The surface brightness profiles reveal that all three clusters are consistent with a core profile, although shallow cusps cannot be excluded. We find that spherical Jeans models with a constant mass-to-light ratio provide a good overall representation of the kinematical data. A massive black hole is required in none of the three clusters to explain the observed kinematics. Our 1sigma (3sigma) upper limits are 5300 M_sun (12000 M_sun) for M3, 8600 M_sun (13000 M_sun) for M13, and 980 M_sun (2700 M_sun) for M92. A puzzling circumstance is the existence of several potential high velocity stars in M3 and M13, as their presence can account for the majority of the discrepancies that we find in our mass limits compared to M92.
description: accepted for publication in A&A, 20 pages, 15 figures, tables D1 to D6 only available at CDS
Hydrodynamic approach to p-Pb
Creators: name: Bozek, Piotr
name: Broniowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation and collective expansion of the fireball formed in ultrarelativistic p-A and d-A collisions is discussed. Predictions of the hydrodynamic model are compared to recent experimental results. The presence of strong final state interaction effects in the small dense systems is consistent with the observed azimuthal anisotropy of the flow and with the mass dependence of the average transverse momentum and of the elliptic flow. This raises the question of the mechanism explaining such a rapid build up of the collective flow and the large degree of local equilibration needed to justify this scenario.
description: Plenary contribution to the International Conference on the Initial Stages of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions 2013 (IS2013)
title: It’s Elementary: The Bayeux Tapestry as a Medieval Educational Tool
Creators: name: Bulger, Sarah
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The Bayeux Tapestry, a 230-foot-long, 950-year-old Anglo-Norman embroidery has baffled historians resulting in extensive (and diverse) scholarship since its rediscovery in the eighteenth century. The Bayeux Tapestry plays a preeminent role (outside of contemporaneous manuscripts and texts) in deciphering aspects of medieval life in England through its visual representation of the age of the Norman Conquest. Long-standing assumptions about the Bayeux Tapestry’s commission, production, and purpose have accumulated through the years based on a single inventory document from 1476 postulating its intended location and function as a religious ornament for Bayeux Cathedral. Modern academics have explored themes readily visible within the Tapestry attempting to interpret them, but a relationship between the Bayeux Tapestry and its utility in Anglo-Norman England cannot yet be accurately constructed. Due to the lack of documentation on the Tapestry’s origins, the approach taken by scholars in an effort to retell its story remains fixed in the idea that the Bishop of Bayeux commissioned it to serve as an ecclesiastical decoration for the consecration of Bayeux Cathedral in 1077.Thus, room for new ideas regarding the nature of the Bayeux Tapestry have been stifled. Therefore, the objective of my analysis of the Bayeux Tapestry is to offer a new perspective for the interpretation of the Tapestry’s purpose in history by exploring previously overlooked facets of medieval life. Through comprehensive examinations of medieval noblewomen’s prominent roles in society, Anglo-Saxon traditions in education, and the functions of fables and humor as depicted in the embroidery friezes, the Bayeux Tapestry is revealed as indisputably a didactic tool for eleventh-century Anglo-Norman literary and historical education, thus constructing a new narrative for the Tapestry as undeniably instructive rather than decorative.
An Evaluation of the Perceptions of In-Service Training Programmes Provided for Female Head Teachers of Girls’ Schools in Saudi Arabia
Creators: name: Author, Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Although the Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia invests heavily in training for female head teachers, several studies indicate that evaluations to determine the evaluation of training are not undertaken, and there is a need to assess the training programmes offered. Thus, the current study evaluates female head teachers’ and their supervisors’ perceptions of in-service training programmes provided for female head teachers at girls’ schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through an adaptation of Kirkpatrick’s model (1967). It identifies and discusses the ways in which different factors related to the training process can influence the effectiveness of these training programmes for head teachers. An interpretivist paradigm was adopted, and qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 250 trainees who work as head teachers, along with 12 supervisors. The study was conducted at two separate times (immediately after completion and three months post-training). The data were analysed thematically, both generally and with the aid of descriptive and regression models. The adapted Kirkpatrick’s model was found to be effective. Moreover, the female head teacher trainees expressed positive responses to and satisfaction with the training programmes in terms of a range of elements (trainers, training environment and training delivery). The results of the study indicate that the participants believe that their knowledge, information and practical skills improved as a result of undertaking the training programmes. 95.2 per cent of participants believe that the training had a positive effect on their behaviour by improving their skills and enhancing the character traits they need for their job, while 4.8 per cent believe that the training did not have a positive effect on their behaviour due to issues relating to the training delivery, the trainer and the training environment. Significantly, there is a positive correlation between perceptions of participants’ behavioural changes after training and their qualifications. Furthermore, the supervisors believe that the training programmes have a positive influence on head teachers and their work, which was reflected positively in their teachers’ performance and students’ results. The participants identified four obstacles that could hinder the effectiveness of female head teacher training in the Saudi context: the limited professional skills of the trainer, the method and type of training delivery used, the lack of preparedness of the training environment and the trainee’s lack of motivation towards the training. This study contributes to the field by providing a tool, adapted from Kirkpatrick’s model and based on its criteria and its methods, for the Ministry of Education to use to evaluate training programmes for female headteachers in the KSA. It also offers a practical contribution to the literature on effective training methods.
Quantum and semiclassical phase-space dynamics of a wave packet in strong fields using initial-value representations
Creators: name: Zagoya, C.
name: Wu, J.
name: Ronto, M.
name: Shalashilin, D. V.
name: Faria, C. Figueira de Morisson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assess the suitability of quantum and semiclassical initial value representations, exemplified by the coupled coherent states (CCS) method and the Herman Kluk (HK) propagator, respectively, for modeling the dynamics of an electronic wave packet in a strong laser field, if this wave packet is initially bound. Using Wigner quasiprobability distributions and ensembles of classical trajectories, we identify signatures of over-the-barrier and tunnel ionization in phase space for static and time-dependent fields and the relevant sets of phase-space trajectories in order to model such features. Overall, we find good agreement with the full solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) for Wigner distributions constructed with both initial-value representations. Our results indicate that the HK propagator does not fully account for tunneling and over-the-barrier reflections. However, it is able to partly reproduce features associated with the wave packet crossing classically forbidden regions, although the trajectories employed in its construction always obey classical phase-space constraints. We also show that the Coupled Coherent States (CCS) method represents a fully quantum initial value representation and accurately reproduces the results of a standard TDSE solver. Furthermore, we sow that both the HK propagator and the CCS approach may be successfully employed to compute the time-dependent dipole acceleration and high-harmonic spectra. Nevertheless, the semiclassical propagator exhibits a worse agreement with the TDSE than the outcome of the CCS method, as it neither fully accounts for tunneling nor for over-the-barrier reflections. This leads to a dephasing in the time-dependent wave function which becomes more pronounced for longer times.
description: 23 pages (single column), 9 figures
Slamming of a breaking wave on a wall
Creators: name: Shu, Jian-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is intended to study impact forces of breaking waves on a rigid wall based on a nonlinear potential-flow theory. This is a model problem for some technologically important design issues such as the impact of breaking waves on ships, coastal and offshore structures. We are interested in the short-time successive triggering of nonlinear effects using a small-time expansion. The analytical solutions for the impact force on a rigid wall and the free-surface profile are derived.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1403.2603
Photometry and spectroscopy of the newly discovered eclipsing binary GSC 4589-2999
Creators: name: Liakos, Alexios
name: Bonfini, Paolo
name: Niarchos, Panagiotis
name: Hatzidimitriou, Despina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New CCD light curves of the recently detected eclipsing variable GSC 4589-2999 were obtained and analysed using the Wilson-Deninney code. Spectroscopic observations of the system allowed the spectral classification of the components and the determination of their radial velocities. The physical properties and absolute parameters of the components and an updated ephemeris of the system are given.
description: 5 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables
“So I Can Speak Two Speaks”: Identifying the Conditions Necessary for Primary Modern Foreign Languages to be Introduced in the Republic of Ireland
Creators: name: Author, Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: While many benefits have been broadly claimed regarding the learning of modern foreign languages (MFL), including cognitive, employability, intercultural awareness and broader academic achievement, (O’Brien, 2017; Curtain & Dahlberg, 2004; Bialystok & Hakuta, 1994), the Republic of Ireland is the sole European jurisdiction where a MFL is neither compulsory nor a non-statutory option at any level within the education system (Eurydice, 2017). Despite the apparent successful of attempts to alter this through the Modern Languages in Primary Schools Initiative, established in 1998, (MLPSI, 2012; Harris and Conway, 2002) its abolition in 2012 left something of a ‘linguistic vacuum’ in its wake, with no official direction on modern foreign languages at primary level in any form. Given that the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA) has recently advocated the potential inclusion of a MFL at primary level in its Draft Curriculum Framework, (NCCA, 2019) this timely study endeavoured to answer several secondary research questions and one primary research question: What are the perceived ideal conditions that would be necessary for a modern foreign language (MFL) to be introduced at primary level in the Republic of Ireland? The qualitative research approach in this study is grounded in a largely interpretivist paradigm, drawing on foundations of social constructionism and involved two qualitative instruments: qualitative surveys and focus groups. Participants were key stakeholders in education, including primary teachers, primary principals, pupils from 6th class (12-yearolds) and 3rd year students (15-year-olds). All participants completed a qualitative survey, while focus groups were held with primary teachers and primary principals. Analysis of the data indicated that while there was general positivity conveyed by participants in relation to the potential introduction of a primary modern foreign language, concerns emerged, such as curriculum overload, staffing and the development of staff-capacity, resourcing and the place of the Irish language. It was also clear from the data that a ‘one size fits all’ approach would not be suitable given the broad profile of schools across the primary system in Ireland. Overall, the triangulated, analysed data made some very noteworthy claims, and the findings indicate a broad range of key elements that, if implemented effectively, could provide policymakers with the potential conditions for introducing a modern foreign language at primary level.
Universal Quantum Graphs
Creators: name: Pluhar, Z.
name: Weidenmueller, H. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For time-reversal invariant graphs we prove the Bohigas-Giannoni-Schmit conjecture in its most general form: For graphs that are mixing in the classical limit, all spectral correlation functions coincide with those of the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble of random matrices. For open graphs, we derive the analogous identities for all S matrix correlation functions.
description: 5 pages
SN2011hs: a Fast and Faint Type IIb Supernova from a Supergiant Progenitor
Creators: name: Bufano, F.
name: Pignata, G.
name: Bersten, M.
name: Mazzali, P. A.
name: Ryder, S. D.
name: Margutti, R.
name: Milisavljevic, D.
name: Morelli, L.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Cappellaro, E.
name: Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.
name: Romero-Cañizales, C.
name: Stritzinger, M.
name: Walker, E. S.
name: Anderson, J. P.
name: Contreras, C.
name: de Jaeger, T.
name: Förster, F.
name: Gutierrez, C.
name: Hamuy, M.
name: Hsiao, E.
name: Morrell, N.
name: E., F. Olivares
name: Paillas, E.
name: Parker, S.
name: Pian, E.
name: Pickering, T. E.
name: Sanders, N.
name: Stockdale, C.
name: Turatto, M.
name: Valenti, S.
name: Fesen, R. A.
name: Maza, J.
name: Nomoto, K.
name: Phillips, M. M.
name: Soderberg, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations spanning a large wavelength range, from X-ray to radio, of the Type IIb supernova 2011hs are presented, covering its evolution during the first year after explosion. The optical light curve presents a narrower shape and a fainter luminosity at peak than previously observed for Type IIb SNe. High expansion velocities are measured from the broad absorption H I and He I lines. From the comparison of the bolometric light curve and the time evolution of the photospheric velocities with hydrodynamical models, we found that SN 2011hs is consistent with the explosion of a 3-4 Msun He-core progenitor star, corresponding to a main sequence mass of 12-15 Msun, that ejected a mass of 56Ni of about 0.04 Msun, with an energy of E= 8.5 x 10^50 erg. Such a low-mass progenitor scenario is in full agreement with the modelling of the nebular spectrum taken at $\sim$215 days from maximum. From the modelling of the adiabatic cooling phase, we infer a progenitor radius of $\approx$500-600 Rsun, clearly pointing to an extended progenitor star. The radio light curve of SN 2011hs yields a peak luminosity similar to that of SN 1993J, but with a higher mass loss rate and a wind density possibly more similar to that of SN 2001ig. Although no significant deviations from a smooth decline have been found in the radio light curves, we cannot rule out the presence of a binary companion star.
description: 25 pages, 19 figures, 10 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Identification of the Incapacitated Patient in Mass Casualty Events: An Examination of Challenges, Barriers and Solutions
Creators: name: Osborn, Danielle
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Increasing scrutiny of the role and actions of emergency responders in the aftermath of mass casualty events continues to elicit the need for changes and advances in terms of treatment and care. Despite improvements in some areas, there is a growing concern relating to the identification of incapacitated patients who are unable to provide any identifying details. The use of visual identification and the reliance on personal effects within the vicinity of victims, both living and deceased, has resulted in mistaken identification in a number of major incidents internationally. There is a misguided emphasis on the identification of the deceased over that of the living incapacitated victim. This research examines the practicalities of using scientific methods for identification of the deceased, such as those used in INTERPOL’s Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) process, and questions whether they should be broadened to include those who are incapacitated and unable to confirm their own identity. The study uses qualitative ethnographic analysis, triangulating observation of two large mass casualty and fatality exercises, interviews with front-line responders and subject-matter experts and corresponding documentation and fieldnotes to critically examine the challenges, barriers and solutions to determining an unconscious patient’s identity. In addition, analysis of previous cases of identification errors was carried out using Turner’s Incubation Theory as a basis for understanding the causative factors. This thesis establishes that despite the growing number of these cases, and the successful implementation of DVI techniques with the incapacitated in the aftermath of two recent terrorist attacks, lessons are not being learned. There remains a resistance to organisational learning from a crisis and an unwillingness to change practices that are no longer sufficient or relevant. Ultimately, the application of DVI on its own to resolve identification issues is insufficient. The empirical evidence established as a result of this study demonstrates that successful implementation of DVI requires better awareness of these issues, including the latent failures present in the Incubation Period. Perceived barriers, including questions over the legal viability of DVI when used with the living, will need to be overcome. This can be achieved through awareness, planning and training and ultimately steered by effective strategic leadership with a desire to improve the culture of emergency response across an organisation. Failure to adopt this strategy alongside the application of DVI will result in harms, not only to victims and their families as a result of identification errors, but importantly to the responders themselves. If organisations fail in their duty to plan for and respond to mass casualty incidents involving unidentified and unknown incapacitated patients, the responders themselves will become victims of psychosocial stress and harm.
On the problem of the interpretation of quantum physics
Creators: name: Grib, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current thinking on the interpretation of quantum physics is reviewed, with special detail given to the Copenhagen and Everett many-worlds interpretations.
description: 36 pages, 1 figure
The effects of social and symbolic cues: From the lab to the real world
Creators: name: Ioannidou, Flora
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: Previous studies of social attention have suggested that another person’s gaze direction automatically shifts attention in an observer. This has seemed to be a unique ability for gaze cues, but later this reflexive orientation of attention has also been found in another social (e.g., pointing hands) and symbolic (e.g., arrows) cues. Studies demonstrating these effects, however, have examined the effects of these cues under restricted conditions. Studies have shown cues predominantly at fixation and in isolation, on an otherwise empty background. These two conditions fail to reflect the conditions under which both social and symbolic cues are encountered in the real world. The present work therefore extended previous studies on social attention to more real-world like situations. As a first step, cues were embedded in natural scenes, but kept static, to examine the difference between an empty background and a natural context. Three conditions were tested: (1) free viewing with a single cue per scene; (2) free viewing with multiple, sometimes incompatible cues and (3) a visual search with a single cue per scene. In all three experiments, participants spent more time looking at the two social cues (people gazing or pointing) than the symbolic cue (an arrow sign), suggesting that the presence of another person is enough to draw the observer’s attention. While people drew attention, subsequent shifts of attention towards the cued direction were stronger for pointing cues and arrow, both of which aim to signal a direction. The next chapter moved one step further towards real world social attention by moving from static to dynamic cues (video clips). Participants performed one of two task: Free viewing and a memory task. Again, social cues drew observers’ attention. As for static cues, the gaze cues did not direct subsequent attention to the same extent as pointing cues did. The ultimate step towards studying social attention in the real world was made in the final chapter, where participants’ eye movements were tracked with a mobile eye tracker while they performed a search task in the presence of social and symbolic cues. The first experiment used cues printed on a piece of paper as stimuli, whereas the second experiment used real people. Possibly due to the search task, the cues were largely ignored and consequently did not elicit a strong cueing effect. From the three cues, pointing gestures most strongly drew observers’ attention and produced the strongest cueing effects. Combined, the findings of this thesis suggest that when explored under more realistic environments, gaze cues no longer shift people’s attention. Instead other cues more related to direction (e.g., pointing cues) seems to successfully direct the observers’ attention. In agreement with previous studies, when in a laboratory setting other people in the scene strongly attract attention. In the real world attention on the cues and cues’ effects are limited
Lorentz Violation in Fermion-Antifermion Decays of Spinless Particles
Creators: name: Altschul, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If Lorentz and CPT violation exist, they could affect the decays of scalar and pseudoscalar particles. For a decay into a fermion and an antifermion (not necessarily of the same mass), both the total decay rate and the outgoing particle distribution may be modified, through interference between the conventional decay mechanism and a separate Lorentz-violating mechanism. The modifications are sensitive to forms of Lorentz violation that are otherwise rather difficult to study, since at tree level they do not affect particle propagation, but only interaction vertices. Using existing experimental data on charged pion decay, it is possible to constrain three parameters in the modified pion-muon-neutrino coupling at better than the $10^{-9}$ level; these are the first bounds on these quantities.
description: 16 pages
On one-loop corrections to matching conditions of Lattice HQET including 1/m_b terms
Creators: name: Korcyl, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HQET is an effective theory for QCD with N_f light quarks and a massive valence quark if the mass of the latter is much bigger than Lambda_QCD. As any effective theory, HQET is predictive only when a set of parameters has been determined through a process called matching. The non-perturbative matching procedure including 1/m_b terms, developped by the ALPHA collaboration, consists of 19 carefully chosen observables which are precisely computable in lattice QCD as well as in lattice HQET. The matching conditions are then a set of 19 equations which relate the QCD and HQET values of these observables. We present a study of one-loop corrections to two generic matching observables involving correlation function with an insertion of the A_0 operator. Our results enable us to quantify the quality of the relevant observables in view of the envisaged non-perturbative implementation of this matching procedure.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; presented at th 31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE2013), 29 July - 3 August 2013, Mainz, Germany
Self Organizing strategies for enhanced ICIC (eICIC)
Creators: name: Tall, Abdoulaye
name: Altman, Zwi
name: Altman, Eitan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Small cells have been identified as an effective solution for coping with the important traffic increase that is expected in the coming years. But this solution is accompanied by additional interference that needs to be mitigated. The enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) feature has been introduced to address the interference problem. eICIC involves two parameters which need to be optimized, namely the Cell Range Extension (CRE) of the small cells and the ABS ratio (ABSr) which defines a mute ratio for the macro cell to reduce the interference it produces. In this paper we propose self-optimizing algorithms for the eICIC. The CRE is adjusted by means of load balancing algorithm. The ABSr parameter is optimized by maximizing a proportional fair utility of user throughputs. The convergence of the algorithms is proven using stochastic approximation theorems. Numerical simulations illustrate the important performance gain brought about by the different algorithms.
description: Submitted to WiOpt 2014
Transmission through a noisy network
Creators: name: Waltner, Daniel
name: Smilansky, Uzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum graphs with leads to infinity serve as convenient models for studying various aspects of systems which are usually attributed to chaotic scattering. They are also studied in several experimental systems and practical applications. In the present manuscript we investigate the effect of a time dependent random noise on the transmission of such graphs, and in particular on the resonances which dominate the scattering observable such as e.g., the transmission and reflection intensities. We model the noise by a potential $αδ(x-(x_0 +γ(t)))$ localized at an arbitrary point $x_0$ on any of the graph bonds, that fluctuates in time as a Brownian particle bounded in a harmonic potential described by the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck statistics. This statistics, which binds the Brownian motion within a finite interval, enables the use of a second order time-dependent perturbation theory, which can be applied whenever the strength parameter $α$ is sufficiently small. The theoretical frame-work will be explained in full generality, and will be explicitly solved for a simple, yet nontrivial example.
Examining individual differences through ‘everyday’ smartphone behaviours: Exploring theories and methods.
Creators: name: Shaw, Heather
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: The mass adoption of digital technologies has instigated a transition whereby people are no longer ‘independent organic actors’ in society but have amalgamated with the technology they use on a daily basis. Consequently, people leave behind a ‘digital fingerprint’ whenever they use technologies such as smartphones, and the qualities of this trace can predict a variety of characteristics about the user. In this thesis, I explore how individual differences such as personality, demographics, and health relate to directly observable smartphone behaviours, that are logged ‘in situ’ via software installed on the device itself. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach between psychology and computer science, this thesis primarily considers the theoretical (chapter two), ethical (chapter three) and methodological (chapter four) underpinnings required to explore these human-smartphone relationships. Notably, traces of use do not have to be complex, as meta-data such as the smartphone operating system a person uses can reveal information regarding a user’s personality, as long as there is trace-to-trait relevance. Findings from chapters five and six also reveal that some individual differences can be better predicted from objective smartphone use than others. For example, age and gender can be discerned from smartphone usage logs whereas, mental health variables only had small positive correlations with smartphone screen time. However, an important contribution of this thesis resides in its methodological considerations, as self-reports of technology use can impact the relationships with individual differences and cannot be used as a substitute for objective logs. All the above has applied implications for security and health, which can benefit from the ability to infer characteristics about people, when self-reports are arduous, unfeasible or lack scientific rigour.
Locally induced quantum interference in scanning gate experiments
Creators: name: Kozikov, A. A.
name: Steinacher, R.
name: Rössler, C.
name: Ihn, T.
name: Ensslin, K.
name: Reichl, C.
name: Wegscheider, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present conductance measurements of a ballistic circular stadium influenced by a scanning gate. When the tip depletes the electron gas below, we observe very pronounced and regular fringes covering the entire stadium. The fringes correspond to transmitted modes in constrictions formed between the tip-induced potential and the boundaries of the stadium. Moving the tip and counting the fringes gives us exquisite control over the transmission of these constrictions. We use this control to form a quantum ring with a specific number of modes in each arm showing the Aharonov-Bohm effect in low-field magnetoconductance measurements.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
A phenomenographic study of creativity as an employability skill in Higher Education
Creators: name: Wadsworth, James
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: The aim of this study was to better understand the meaning given by academics, students and graduate employers to the concept of creativity as an employability skill. The expectations incumbent upon UK Higher Education institutions to develop graduates with skills that meet with graduate employers’ expectations, appears to be ever growing and the increased scrutiny of institutional performance in this regard, via metrics such as the Graduate Outcomes survey and the Teaching Excellence Framework, seemingly promote the prioritisation of graduate employability skills. Creativity has been noted (Gray, 2016) as being an important skill for future employability and whilst agreement is apparent that creativity is valued, little in the way of a consensus regarding an actual definition of creativity is evident. Contextualised in UK Higher Education, the primary focus of the research was to explore the variation and complexities in the participants’ perceptions of creativity and, thus, establish a consensus of understanding of creativity as an employability skill. In doing so, the study begins to address the seeming lack of understanding which surrounds creativity per se and the apparent conflict between the underpinning values of Higher Education, which appreciate creativity and the risk aversion resulting from the metrification of the sector. The study adopted an interpretivist, phenomenographic position and undertook data collection employing a Constructivist Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2014) approach; engaging 41 academics, 84 students and 25 graduate employers in the initial stage of data collection. Three academics, three students and two graduate employers participated in the latter three stages of data collection, with participants undertaking reflexive photography activity, unstructured and semi-structured interviews. Congruent with the principles of Grounded Theory (Corbin and Strauss, 2015), constant comparison, theoretical sampling and memoing were undertaken during the data collection and analysis. The findings of this study have illustrated consensual themes in the participants’ perception of creativity as an employability skill in a number of ways; specifically noting that the concept has two core aspects(processing of thoughts and production of a valued entity) which are influenced by surrounding factors (personal characteristics, collaborating with others, facilitating situational factors, understanding the subject). Furthermore, the research highlights that whilst elements of consensual understanding existed across the participants, a plurality of definition by participant grouping and subject domain emerged. Taking the themes and the plurality into account, the study generated 17 recommendations to subsequently inform future practices of graduate employers, and academics and students in Higher Education so as to better develop creativity as an employability skill in graduates.
Stroemgren survey for Asteroseismology and Galactic Archaeology: let the SAGA begin
Creators: name: Casagrande, L.
name: Aguirre, V. Silva
name: Stello, D.
name: Huber, D.
name: Serenelli, A. M.
name: Cassisi, S.
name: Dotter, A.
name: Milone, A. P.
name: Hodgkin, S.
name: Marino, A. F.
name: Lund, M. N.
name: Pietrinferni, A.
name: Asplund, M.
name: Feltzing, S.
name: Flynn, C.
name: Grundahl, F.
name: Nissen, P. E.
name: Schoenrich, R.
name: Schlesinger, K. J.
name: Wang, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asteroseismology has the capability of precisely determining stellar properties which would otherwise be inaccessible, such as radii, masses and thus ages of stars. When coupling this information with classical determinations of stellar parameters, such as metallicities, effective temperatures and angular diameters, powerful new diagnostics for Galactic studies can be obtained. The ongoing Stroemgren survey for Asteroseismology and Galactic Archaeology (SAGA) has the goal of transforming the Kepler field into a new benchmark for Galactic studies, similarly to the solar neighborhood. Here we present first results from a stripe centred at Galactic longitude 74deg and covering latitude from about 8 to 20deg, which includes almost 1000 K-giants with seismic information and the benchmark open cluster NGC 6819. We describe the coupling of classical and seismic parameters, the accuracy as well as the caveats of the derived effective temperatures, metallicities, distances, surface gravities, masses, and radii. Confidence in the achieved precision is corroborated by the detection of the first and secondary clump in a population of field stars with a ratio of 2 to 1, and by the negligible scatter in the seismic distances among NGC 6819 member stars. An assessment of the reliability of stellar parameters in the Kepler Input Catalogue is also performed, and the impact of our results for population studies in the Milky Way is discussed, along with the importance of an all-sky Stroemgren survey.
description: ApJ, accepted. SAGA website at http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/saga
Enhancing student engagement, collaboration and partnerships
Creators: name: Strudwick, Katie
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: This commentary presents a chronological reflection of professional practice developed through published work on student engagement and collaborations at the University of Lincoln. Evidencing a response to sector wide drivers, the contributions presented examine practice undertaken institutionally to engage students in research projects and curriculum design within the discipline of criminology. The aim during this period has been to respond to the emerging imperatives of the higher education sector with a particular focus on student engagement. Drawing on key elements of the student as producer and student as partners models, my work has been specifically characterised by a focus on student choice, collaboration, active participation and engagement with employability. The contributions presented in this commentary address some of the recent challenges following the Browne Review (Department for Business, Innovation and Skills 2010), where policy reforms have attempted to commodify the sector in line with neoliberal principles and market-based measures of student choice, competitiveness and social mobility (See Policy from the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills 2010; 2011; 2015; 2016; 2017 and Augar Report, 2019). The changes in higher education, towards marketisation, have been instrumental in developing a market, representing “… a paradigm shift” (Holmwood (2012: 12) in how higher education is organised. Policies developed a business approach to satisfaction and measuring teaching quality and standards, placed alongside regulation and financialisaton of higher education (see Molesworth et al 2009; Holmwood 2011; 2012; 2014; Collini, 2012). By developing student engagement opportunities, through applying elements of student as producer and students as partners theoretical models, my work has been conducted in collaboration with students, promoting their engagement and participation within and outside of the curriculum.The contributions presented in this commentary illustrate where sector-driven responses have been made and how they addressed specific elements of policy. This has been conducted through the adoption of a two-stranded theoretical framework, complemented by Student Engagement as an encompassing model, within which the framework is situated. My work has addressed the shifting role of students, and the impact this has had in a practical sense, reflecting upon the different models to show how my work has provided choice, collaboration, active participation and addressing employability.
Normal A0--A1 stars with low rotational velocities. I. Abundance determination and classification
Creators: name: Royer, F.
name: Gebran, M.
name: Monier, R.
name: Adelman, S.
name: Smalley, B.
name: Pintado, O.
name: Reiners, A.
name: Hill, G.
name: Gulliver, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The study of rotational velocity distributions for normal stars requires an accurate spectral characterization of the objects in order to avoid polluting the results with undetected binary or peculiar stars. This piece of information is a key issue in the understanding of the link between rotation and the presence of chemical peculiarities. Aims. A sample of 47 low v sin i A0-A1 stars (v sin i < 65km/s), initially selected as main-sequence normal stars, are investigated with high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectroscopic data. The aim is to detect spectroscopic binaries and chemically peculiar stars, and eventually establish a list of confirmed normal stars. Methods. A detailed abundance analysis and spectral synthesis is performed to derive abundances for 14 chemical species. A hierarchical classification, taking measurement errors into account, is applied to the abundance space and splits the sample into two different groups, identified as the chemically peculiar stars and the normal stars. Results. We show that about one third of the sample is actually composed of spectroscopic binaries (12 double-lined and five single-lined spectroscopic binaries). The hierarchical classification breaks down the remaining sample into 13 chemically peculiar stars (or uncertain) and 17 normal stars.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures, accepted in A&A
Teaching Reading Comprehension for the Development of Literacy Skills in Children with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in Mainstream Schools: Pedagogy, Practices and Perceptions
Creators: name: Author, Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2023

description: The Department of Education and Science (DES) in Ireland advocates additional help for pupils with Special Educational Needs (SEN) to be provided where possible in the mainstream classroom setting (DES, Circular SP ED 02/05). In order to facilitate all learners within this inclusive context, I felt that it was necessary as a teacher to embrace inclusive strategies in my teaching. As I have a special interest in the teaching of literacy to children with reading difficulties, this study explored Teaching Reading Comprehension for the Development of Literacy Skills in Children with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in Mainstream Schools from the perspectives of pedagogy, practices and perceptions. The aim of my research is to build a holistic picture of the system of teaching reading comprehension at both home and school as it currently exists in order to interpret its strengths and challenges according to principals, mainstream class teachers, learning support teachers, children with SEN and parents of children with SEN, and ultimately to enable schools to adapt their pedagogical practice to support inclusion of such children. The research began with a survey of relevant literature describing some of the models of reading and examined current theoretical underpinnings in relation to practice in the teaching of reading comprehension strategies. An interpretative, qualitative research design was employed with data collection from interviews and documentary evidence obtained from schools to provide evidence. My research was conducted across five mainstream primary schools in Ireland. Twenty participants were involved in the study. This cohort included a principal teacher, a mainstream class teacher, a learning support teacher and a parent from each of the five participating schools. Data was also collected from pupils through access to School Self Evaluation (SSE) documentation and teacher’s reports. The criteria for inclusion of parents was that they should have a child in the particular school who presented with a reading disability. This study revealed that pupils presenting with SEN could have their literacy skills enhanced in the mainstream classroom by using inclusive strategies to develop their reading comprehension ability. The study also proposes best practice in the pedagogical application of the theoretical models underpinning the process of reading based on my research findings.