cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Outcome of Coagulation Instability in Protoplanetary Disks I: First Numerical Study of Accelerated Dust Growth and Dust Concentration at Outer Radii
Creators: name: Tominaga, Ryosuke T.
name: Kobayashi, Hiroshi
name: Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our previous linear analysis presents a new instability driven by dust coagulation in protoplanetary disks. The coagulation instability has the potential to concentrate dust grains into rings and assist dust coagulation and planetesimal formation. In this series of papers, we perform numerical simulations and investigate nonlinear outcome of coagulation instability. In this paper (Paper I), we first conduct local simulations to demonstrate the existence of coagulation instability. Linear growth observed in the simulations is in good agreement with the previous linear analysis. We next conduct radially global simulations to demonstrate that coagulation instability develops during the inside-out disk evolution due to dust growth. To isolate the various effects on dust concentration and growth, we neglect effects of backreaction to a gas disk and dust fragmentation in Paper I. This simplified simulation shows that either of backreaction or fragmentation is not prerequisite for local dust concentration via the instability. In most runs with weak turbulence, dust concentration via coagulation instability overcomes dust depletion due to radial drift, leading to the formation of multiple dust rings. The nonlinear development of coagulation instability also accelerates dust growth, and the dimensionless stopping time $τ_{\mathrm{s}}$ reaches unity even at outer radii (>10 au). Therefore, coagulation instability is one promising process to retain dust grains and to accelerate dust growth beyond the drift barrier.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
A primal-dual mimetic finite element scheme for the rotating shallow water equations on polygonal spherical meshes
Creators: name: Thuburn, John
name: Cotter, Colin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A new numerical method is presented for solving the rotating shallow water equations on a rotating sphere using quasi-uniform polygonal meshes. The method uses special families of finite element function spaces to mimic key mathematical properties of the continuous equations and thereby capture several desirable physical properties related to balance and conservation. The method relies on two novel features. The first is the use of compound finite elements to provide suitable finite element spaces on general polygonal meshes. The second is the use of dual finite element spaces on the dual of the original mesh, along with suitably defined discrete Hodge star operators to map between the primal and dual meshes, enabling the use of a finite volume scheme on the dual mesh to compute potential vorticity fluxes. The resulting method has the same mimetic properties as a finite volume method presented previously, but is more accurate on a number of standard test cases.
Effects of doping and bias voltage on the screening in AAA-stacked trilayer graphene
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Yawar
name: Moradian, Rostam
name: Tabar, Farzad Shirzadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the static polarization of AAA-stacked trilayer graphene (TLG) and study its screening properties within the random phase approximation (RPA) in all undoped, doped and biased regimes. We find that the static polarization of undoped AAA-stacked TLG is a combination of the doped and undoped single layer graphene static polarization. This leads to an enhancement of the dielectric background constant along a Thomas-Fermi screening with the Thomas-Fermi wave vector which is independent of carrier concentrations and a 1/r^3 power law decay for the long-distance behavior of the screened coulomb potential. We show that effects of a bias voltage can be taken into account by a renormalization of the interlayer hopping energy to a new bias-voltage-dependent value, indicating screening properties of biased AAA-stacked TLG can be tuned electrically. We also find that screening properties of doped AAA-stacked TLG, when $μ$ exceeds $\sqrt{2}γ$, are similar to that of doped SLG only depending on doping. While for $μ
description: 19 pages, 1 figure
Generating Functions, Polynomials and Vortices with Alternating Signs in Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Barry, Anna M.
name: Hajir, F.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we construct suitable generating functions for vortices of alternating signs in the realm of Bose-Einstein condensates. In addition to the vortex-vortex interaction included in earlier fluid dynamics constructions of such functions, the vortices here precess around the center of the trap. This results in the generating functions of the vortices of positive charge and of negative charge satisfying a modified, so-called, Tkachenko differential equation. From that equation, we reconstruct collinear few-vortex equilibria obtained in earlier work, as well as extend them to larger numbers of vortices. Moreover, particular moment conditions can be derived e.g. about the sum of the squared locations of the vortices for arbitrary vortex numbers. Furthermore, the relevant differential equation can be generalized appropriately in the two-dimensional complex plane and allows the construction e.g. of polygonal vortex ring and multi-ring configurations, as well as ones with rings surrounding a vortex at the center that are again connected to earlier bibliography.
description: 15 pages, no figures
VLT/UVES observations of peculiar alpha abundances in a sub-DLA at z ~ 1.8 towards the quasar B1101-26
Creators: name: Fox, Anne
name: Richter, Philipp
name: Fechner, Cora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of chemical abundances in a sub-damped Lyman alpha absorber at z=1.839 towards the quasar B1101-26, based on a very-high-resolution (R ~ 75,000) and high-signal-to-noise (S/N >100) spectrum observed with the UV Visual Echelle spectrograph (UVES) installed on the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT). The absorption line profiles are resolved into a maximum of eleven velocity components spanning a rest-frame velocity range of 200 km/s. Detected ions include CII, CIV, NII, OI, MgI, MgII, AlII, AlIII, SiII, SiIII, SiIV, FeII, and possibly SII. The total neutral hydrogen column density is log N(HI) = 19.48 +/- 0.01. From measurements of column densities and Doppler parameters we estimate element abundances of the above-given elements. The overall metallicity, as traced by [OI/HI], is -1.56 +/- 0.01. For the nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio we derive an upper limit of [NI/OI] < -0.65, which suggests a chemically young absorption line system. This is supported by a supersolar alpha/Fe ratio of [SiII/FeII] ~ 0.5. The most striking feature in the observed abundance pattern is an unusually high sulphur-to-oxygen ratio of 0.69 < [SII/OI] < 1.26. We calculate detailed photoionisation models for two subcomponents with Cloudy, and can rule out that ionisation effects alone are responsible for the high S/O ratio. We instead speculate that the high S/O ratio is caused by the combination of several effects, such as specific ionisation conditions in multi-phase gas, unusual relative abundances of heavy elements, and/or dust depletion in a local gas environment that is not well mixed and/or that might be related to star-formation activity in the host galaxy. We discuss the implications of our findings for the interpretation of alpha-element abundances in metal absorbers at high redshift.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, to be published in A&A
PROMIS® Parent Proxy Report Scales for children ages 5–7 years: an item response theory analysis of differential item functioning across age groups
Creators: name: DeWalt, Darren A.
name: Stucky, Brian D.
name: Quinn, Hally
name: Irwin, Debra E.
name: Thissen, David
name: Gross, Heather E.
name: Varni, James W.
name: Amtmann, Dagmar
name: Magnus, Brooke
name: Liu, Yang
name: Lai, Jin-Shei
name: DeWitt, Esi Morgan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The objective of the present study is to describe the extension of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) pediatric parent proxy-report item banks for parents of children ages 5–7 years, and to investigate differential item functioning (DIF) between the data obtained from parents of 5–7 year old children with the data obtained from parents of 8–17 year old children in the original construction of the scales.
Bayesian Recurrent Units and the Forward-Backward Algorithm
Creators: name: Bittar, Alexandre
name: Garner, Philip N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using Bayes's theorem, we derive a unit-wise recurrence as well as a backward recursion similar to the forward-backward algorithm. The resulting Bayesian recurrent units can be integrated as recurrent neural networks within deep learning frameworks, while retaining a probabilistic interpretation from the direct correspondence with hidden Markov models. Whilst the contribution is mainly theoretical, experiments on speech recognition indicate that adding the derived units at the end of state-of-the-art recurrent architectures can improve the performance at a very low cost in terms of trainable parameters.
description: Submitted to INTERSPEECH 2022
Contextual Semantics: From Quantum Mechanics to Logic, Databases, Constraints, and Complexity
Creators: name: Abramsky, Samson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We discuss quantum non-locality and contextuality, emphasising logical and structural aspects. We also show how the same mathematical structures arise in various areas of classical computation.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
AI REGIO OC2-0066 AI4CNC A Federated Learning System Platform for CNCs - AI Asset
Creators: name: Deveci, Bilgin Umut
name: Albayrak, Özlem
name: Ünal, Perin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Federated Learning
Manufacturing
Artificial Neural Networks
Cutting Tools
AI in industry

description: The AI4CNC experiment is designed to develop a Federated Learning System Platform for CNC machines to estimate tool wear through AI models and secure data sharing. The main objective is to use data from TEKNOPAR's CNC machines and sensors to estimate tool wear, replace tools at the optimum time to minimize costs and potential defects and address privacy concerns by proposing a Federated Learning (FL) model for CNC tool wear trained and executed on the edge. The AI4CNC experiment leverages federated learning to enable collaborative learning onedge devices while keeping the training data on the device. This approach aims to preserve data confidentiality and ownership by training a model using data collected from multiple CNCs at the real site of the experiment and then distributing the trained model to the data sources for edge execution. The goals were achieved by successfully implementing the planned activities and adjusting the approach to utilize sensor data instead of tool wear measurements for training AI models.
Probing the Diffuse Lyman-alpha Emission on Cosmological Scales: Lyα Emission Intensity Mapping Using the Complete SDSS-IV eBOSS Survey
Creators: name: Lin, Xiaojing
name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Cai, Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16, we have detected the large-scale structure of Ly$α$ emission in the Universe at redshifts $z = 2$--3.5 by cross-correlating quasar positions and Ly$α$ emission imprinted in the residual spectra of luminous red galaxies. We apply an analytical model to fit the corresponding Ly$α$ surface brightness profile and multipoles of the redshift-space quasar-Ly$α$ emission cross-correlation function. The model suggests an average cosmic Ly$α$ luminosity density of ${6.6_{-3.1}^{+3.3}}\times 10^{40} {\rm erg\, s^{-1} cMpc^{-3}}$, a $\sim 2σ$ detection with a median value about 8--9 times those estimated from deep narrowband surveys of Ly$α$ emitters at similar redshifts. Although the low signal-to-noise ratio prevents us from a significant detection of the Ly$α$ forest-Ly$α$ emission cross-correlation, the measurement is consistent with the prediction of our best-fit model from quasar-Ly$α$ emission cross-correlation within current uncertainties. We rule out the scenario that these Ly$α$ photons mainly originate from quasars. We find that Ly$α$ emission from star-forming galaxies, including contributions from that concentrated around the galaxy centers and that in the diffuse Ly$α$ emitting halos, is able to explain the bulk of the the Ly$α$ luminosity density inferred from our measurements. Ongoing and future surveys can further improve the measurements and advance our understanding of the cosmic Ly$α$ emission field.
description: Accepted for Publication in ApJS; 21 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables
Psychometric properties of the PROMIS® pediatric scales: precision, stability, and comparison of different scoring and administration options
Creators: name: Quinn, Hally
name: Magnus, Brooke
name: Liu, Yang
name: Gross, Heather E.
name: Varni, James W.
name: Huang, I-Chan
name: DeWalt, Darren A.
name: Stucky, Brian D.
name: Thissen, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The objectives of the present study are to investigate the precision of static (fixed-length) short forms versus computerized adaptive testing (CAT) administration, response pattern scoring versus summed score conversion, and test-retest reliability (stability) of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) pediatric self-report scales measuring the latent constructs of depressive symptoms, anxiety, anger, pain interference, peer relationships, fatigue, mobility, upper extremity functioning and asthma impact with polytomous items.
The Hunter Syndrome-Functional Outcomes for Clinical Understanding Scale (HS-FOCUS) Questionnaire: item reduction and further validation
Creators: name: Chen, Wen-Hung
name: Raluy-Callado, Mireia
name: Fang, Juanzhi
name: Whiteman, David
name: Wiklund, Ingela
name: Muenzer, Joseph
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: PurposeThe Hunter Syndrome-Functional Outcomes for Clinical Understanding Scale (HS-FOCUS) Questionnaire is a patient and parent-completed disease-specific instrument used in Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis II), a rare paediatric progressive multi-systemic lysosomal storage disease. The objective of this study was to shorten the number of items of the Questionnaire to reduce response burden while maintaining its content validity.MethodsData collected in a clinical trial were used. An iterative process helped identifying redundant or low performing items based on content validity and psychometric properties. Validation on the retained items was assessed using patients and parent’s responses in terms of reliability, validity and responsiveness.ResultsThe HS-FOCUS was completed by 49 patients and 84 parents. Items were mainly removed owing to high floor effects, high inter-item correlations (>0.80) or inadequate content. The shortened patient and parent versions (18 and 21 items) each contained five function domains. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were >0.70 for most domains, except Breathing and School/work. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations (>0.30) with similar concepts of previously validated measures. Significant differences were found in all domain scores across levels of disability.ConclusionsThe shortened HS-FOCUS is a reliable, valid and responsive measure, where burden in answering the Questionnaire was reduced without compromising its validity.
Item-level informant discrepancies between children and their parents on the PROMIS® pediatric scales
Creators: name: DeWitt, Esi Morgan
name: He, Jason
name: Varni, James W.
name: Liu, Yang
name: Irwin, Debra E.
name: Stucky, Brian D.
name: Magnus, Brooke
name: DeWalt, Darren A.
name: Amtmann, Dagmar
name: Thissen, David
name: Lai, Jin-Shei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The study objective was to describe the individual item-level discrepancies between children ages 8–17 years and their parents for the PROMIS® pediatric scales. Contextual effects on item-level informant discrepancies for the pediatric pain interference items were further analyzed conditional on whether the child, the parent, or anyone else in the household experienced chronic pain.
SIM-STEM Lab: Incorporating Compressed Sensing Theory for Fast STEM Simulation
Creators: name: Robinson, Alex W.
name: Nicholls, Daniel
name: Wells, Jack
name: Moshtaghpour, Amirafshar
name: Kirkland, Angus I.
name: Browning, Nigel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recently it has been shown that precise dose control and an increase in the overall acquisition speed of atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) images can be achieved by acquiring only a small fraction of the pixels in the image experimentally and then reconstructing the full image using an inpainting algorithm. In this paper, we apply the same inpainting approach (a form of compressed sensing) to simulated, sub-sampled atomic resolution STEM images. We find that it is possible to significantly sub-sample the area that is simulated, the number of g-vectors contributing the image, and the number of frozen phonon configurations contributing to the final image while still producing an acceptable fit to a fully sampled simulation. Here we discuss the parameters that we use and how the resulting simulations can be quantifiably compared to the full simulations. As with any Compressed Sensing methodology, care must be taken to ensure that isolated events are not excluded from the process, but the observed increase in simulation speed provides significant opportunities for real time simulations, image classification and analytics to be performed as a supplement to experiments on a microscope to be developed in the future.
description: 20 pages (includes 3 supplementary pages), 15 figures (includes 5 supplementary figures), submitted to Ultramicroscopy
Predicting participation in meaningful activity for older adults with cancer
Creators: name: Pergolotti, Mackenzi
name: Cutchin, Malcolm P.
name: Muss, Hyman B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Participation in activity that is personally meaningful leads to improved emotional and physical well-being and quality of life. However, little is known about what predicts participation in meaningful activity by older adults with cancer.
PROMIS® pediatric self-report scales distinguish subgroups of children within and across six common pediatric chronic health conditions
Creators: name: DeWalt, Darren A.
name: Selewski, David T.
name: Varni, James W.
name: Gross, Heather E.
name: Huang, I-Chan
name: Hinds, Pamela S.
name: DeWitt, Esi Morgan
name: Gipson, Debbie S.
name: Thissen, David
name: Dampier, Carlton D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: To conduct a comparative analysis of eight pediatric self-report scales for ages 8-17 years from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) in six pediatric chronic health conditions, using indicators of disease severity.
Validation of the PROMIS physical function measures in a diverse US population-based cohort of cancer patients
Creators: name: Jensen, Roxanne E.
name: Paddock, Lisa
name: Smith, Ashley Wilder
name: Keegan, Theresa H. M.
name: Potosky, Arnold L.
name: Hahn, Elizabeth
name: Reeve, Bryce B.
name: Fries, James
name: Cella, David
name: Wu, Xiao-Cheng
name: Moinpour, Carol M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: To evaluate the validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function measures in a diverse, population-based cancer sample.
Can a supervoid explain the Cold Spot?
Creators: name: Nadathur, Seshadri
name: Lavinto, Mikko
name: Hotchkiss, Shaun
name: Räsänen, Syksy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of a void of size $\sim200\;h^{-1}$Mpc and average density contrast of $\sim-0.1$ aligned with the Cold Spot direction has been recently reported. It has been argued that, although the first-order integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect of such a void on the CMB is small, the second-order Rees-Sciama (RS) contribution exceeds this by an order of magnitude and can entirely explain the observed Cold Spot temperature profile. In this paper we examine this surprising claim using both an exact calculation with the spherically symmetric Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi metric, and perturbation theory about a background Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric. We show that both approaches agree well with each other, and both show that the dominant temperature contribution of the postulated void is an unobservable dipole anisotropy. If this dipole is subtracted, we find that the remaining temperature anisotropy is dominated by the linear ISW signal, which is orders of magnitude larger than the second-order RS effect, and that the total magnitude is too small to explain the observed Cold Spot profile. We calculate the density and size of a void that would be required to explain the Cold Spot, and show that the probability of existence of such a void is essentially zero in $Λ$CDM. We identify the importance of \emph{a posteriori} selection effects in the identification of the Cold Spot, but argue that even after accounting for them, a supervoid explanation of the Cold Spot is always disfavoured relative to a random statistical fluctuation on the last scattering surface.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures. Minor edits to match published version, 2 new references
Background stratified Poisson regression analysis of cohort data
Creators: name: Langholz, Bryan
name: Richardson, David B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Background stratified Poisson regression is an approach that has been used in the analysis of data derived from a variety of epidemiologically important studies of radiation-exposed populations, including uranium miners, nuclear industry workers, and atomic bomb survivors. We describe a novel approach to fit Poisson regression models that adjust for a set of covariates through background stratification while directly estimating the radiation-disease association of primary interest. The approach makes use of an expression for the Poisson likelihood that treats the coefficients for stratum-specific indicator variables as ‘nuisance’ variables and avoids the need to explicitly estimate the coefficients for these stratum-specific parameters. Log-linear models, as well as other general relative rate models, are accommodated. This approach is illustrated using data from the Life Span Study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors and data from a study of underground uranium miners. The point estimate and confidence interval obtained from this ‘conditional’ regression approach are identical to the values obtained using unconditional Poisson regression with model terms for each background stratum. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed approach allows estimation of background stratified Poisson regression models of non-standard form, such as models that parameterize latency effects, as well as regression models in which the number of strata is large, thereby overcoming the limitations of previously available statistical software for fitting background stratified Poisson regression models.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for single brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: progression of extracranial disease correlates with distant intracranial failure
Creators: name: Hoffman, Riane B
name: Ewend, Matthew G
name: Collins, Brian
name: Kress, Marie-Adele S
name: Chaudhry, Huma
name: Oermann, Eric
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: BackgroundLimited data exist regarding management of patients with a single brain lesion with extracranial disease due to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsEighty-eight consecutive patients with a single brain lesion from NSCLC in the presence of extracranial disease were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone. Local control (LC), distant intracranial failure (DIF), overall survival (OS), and toxicity were assessed. The logrank test was used to identify prognostic variables.ResultsMedian OS was 10.6 months. One-year DIF was 61%; LC 89%. Treatments were delivered in 1-5 fractions to median BED10 = 60Gy. Five patients developed radionecrosis. Factors associated with shortened OS included poor performance status (PS) (p = 0.0002) and higher Recursive Partitioning Analysis class (p = 0.017). For patients with PS 0, median survival was 22 months. DIF was associated with systemic disease status (progressive vs. stable) (p = 0.0001), as was BED (p = 0.021) on univariate analysis, but only systemic disease (p = 0.0008) on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThis study identifies a patient population that may have durable intracranial control after treatment with SRS alone. These data support the need for prospective studies to optimize patient selection for up-front SRS and to characterize the impact of DIF on patients’ quality of life.
A model for the induction of chromosome aberrations through direct and bystander mechanisms
Creators: name: Hofmann, W.
name: Mitchel, R. E. J.
name: Crawford-Brown, D. J.
name: Schöllnberger, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: A state vector model (SVM) for chromosome aberrations and neoplastic transformation has been adapted to describe detrimental bystander effects. The model describes initiation (formation of translocations) and promotion (clonal expansion and loss of contact inhibition of initiated cells). Additional terms either in the initiation model or in the rate of clonal expansion of initiated cells, describe detrimental bystander effects for chromosome aberrations as reported in the scientific literature. In the present study, the SVM with bystander effects is tested on a suitable dataset. In addition to the simulation of non-linear effects, a classical dataset for neoplastic transformation in C3H 10T1/2 cells after alpha particle irradiation is used to show that the model without bystander features can also describe LNT-like dose responses. A published model for bystander induced neoplastic transformation was adapted for chromosome aberration induction and used to compare the results obtained with the different models.
Critical energy density of O$(n)$ models in $d=3$
Creators: name: Nerattini, Rachele
name: Trombettoni, Andrea
name: Casetti, Lapo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A relation between O$(n)$ models and Ising models has been recently conjectured [L. Casetti, C. Nardini, and R. Nerattini, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 057208 (2011)]. Such a relation, inspired by an energy landscape analysis, implies that the microcanonical density of states of an O$(n)$ spin model on a lattice can be effectively approximated in terms of the density of states of an Ising model defined on the same lattice and with the same interactions. Were this relation exact, it would imply that the critical energy densities of all the O$(n)$ models (i.e., the average values per spin of the O$(n)$ Hamiltonians at their respective critical temperatures) should be equal to that of the corresponding Ising model; it is therefore worth investigating how different the critical energies are and how this difference depends on $n$. We compare the critical energy densities of O$(n)$ models in three dimensions in some specific cases: the O$(1)$ or Ising model, the O$(2)$ or $XY$ model, the O$(3)$ or Heisenberg model, the O$(4)$ model and the O$(\infty)$ or spherical model, all defined on regular cubic lattices and with ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions. The values of the critical energy density in the $n=2$, $n=3$, and $n=4$ cases are derived through a finite-size scaling analysis of data produced by means of Monte Carlo simulations on lattices with up to $128^3$ sites. For $n=2$ and $n=3$ the accuracy of previously known results has been improved. We also derive an interpolation formula showing that the difference between the critical energy densities of O$(n)$ models and that of the Ising model is smaller than $1\%$ if $n<8$ and never exceeds $3\%$ for any $n$.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX 4-1
Abell 1033: Radio halo and gently reenergized tail at 54 MHz
Creators: name: Edler, H. W.
name: de Gasperin, F.
name: Brunetti, G.
name: Botteon, A.
name: Cuciti, V.
name: van Weeren, R. J.
name: Cassano, R.
name: Shimwell, T. W.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Drabent, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abell 1033 is a merging galaxy cluster of moderate mass ($M_{500}=3.2\times10^{14} \mathrm{M}_\odot$). It hosts a broad variety of diffuse radio sources linked to different astrophysical phenomena. The most peculiar one is an elongated feature with an ultra-steep spectrum that is the prototype of the category of gently reenergized tails (GReET). Furthermore, the cluster hosts sources that were previously classified as a radio phoenix and a radio halo. We aim to improve the understanding of the cosmic-ray acceleration mechanisms in galaxy clusters in a frequency and mass range that has been poorly explored so far. To investigate the ultra-steep synchrotron emission in the cluster, we performed a full calibration of a LOFAR observation centered at 54 MHz. We analyzed this observation together with re-calibrated data of LoTSS at 144 MHz and an archival GMRT observation at 323 MHz. We performed a spectral study of the radio galaxy tail connected to the GReET to test if the current interpretation of the source is in agreement with observational evidence below 100 MHz. Additionally, we studied the radio halo at different frequencies. We report an extreme spectral curvature for the GReET, the spectral index flattens from $α_{144}^{323} = -4$ to $α_{54}^{144} = -2$. This indicates the presence of a cut-off in the electron energy spectrum. At the cluster center, we detect the radio halo at 54, 144 and at lower significance at 323 MHz. We categorize it as an ultra-steep spectrum radio halo with a spectral index $α= -1.65 \pm 0.17$. Additionally, it is found to be significantly above the radio power-to-cluster mass correlations reported in the literature. Furthermore, the synchrotron spectrum of the halo is found to further steepen between 144 and 323 MHz, in agreement with the presence of a break in the electron spectrum, which is a prediction of homogeneous re-acceleration models.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Magnetism of an adatom on biased AA-stacked bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Yawar
name: Moradian, Rostam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study magnetism of an adatom adsorbed on AA-stacked bilayer graphene (BLG) in both unbiased and biased cases, using the Anderson impurity model. We find different magnetic phase diagrams for the adatom, depending on the energy level of the adatom, which varies from the magnetic phase diagram of adatom in normal metals to that in graphene. This is due to the individual energy dependence of the density of states (DOS) of AA-stacked BLG and anomalous broadening of the adatom energy level. Furthermore we investigate the effect of a bias voltage on DOS of AA-stacked and show that the magnetization of the adatom can be controlled by applying the bias voltage. This allows for possibility of using AA-stacked BLG in spintronic devices.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Preparing the Rubin Community for Early Science
Creators: name: Guy, Leanne
name: Graham, Melissa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this talk I cover the path towards Early Science with Rubin Observatory's data previews. It is possible to begin preparing now with the simulated data sets, documentation, and tutorials that are available via the Rubin Science Platform. I'll demonstrate how to get your RSP account, what simulated data is currently available, and how to learn to access and analyze it. I will also cover where to go to ask questions to get support for your Rubin-related analyses. I'll end by covering what to expect, in terms of data products and RSP functionality, for the first release of real Rubin data as Data Preview 1 in 2025.
Ionizing Radiation and Risk of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the 15-Country Study of Nuclear Industry Workers
Creators: name: Malker, Hans
name: Gilbert, Ethel
name: Auvinen, Anssi
name: Vrijheid, Martine
name: Muirhead, Colin R.
name: Schubauer-Berigan, Mary
name: Ashmore, Patrick
name: Rogel, Agnes
name: Tardy, Hélène
name: Habib, Rima R.
name: Telle-Lamberton, Maylis
name: Richardson, David B.
name: Cardis, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: In contrast to other types of leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has long been regarded as non-radiogenic, i.e. not caused by ionizing radiation. However, the justification for this view has been challenged. We therefore report on the relationship between CLL mortality and external ionizing radiation dose within the 15-country nuclear workers cohort study. The analyses included, in seven countries with CLL deaths, a total of 295,963 workers with more than 4.5 million person-years of follow-up and an average cumulative bone marrow dose of 15 mSv; there were 65 CLL deaths in this cohort. The relative risk (RR) at an occupational dose of 100 mSv compared to 0 mSv was 0.84 (95% CI 0.39, 1.48) under the assumption of a 10-year exposure lag. Analyses of longer lag periods showed little variation in the RR, but they included very small numbers of cases with relatively high doses. In conclusion, the largest nuclear workers cohort study to date finds little evidence for an association between low doses of external ionizing radiation and CLL mortality. This study had little power due to low doses, short follow-up periods, and uncertainties in CLL ascertainment from death certificates; an extended follow-up of the cohorts is merited and would ideally include incident cancer cases.
Unbroken B-L Symmetry
Creators: name: Heeck, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The difference between baryon number B and lepton number L is the only anomaly-free global symmetry of the Standard Model, easily promoted to a local symmetry by introducing three right-handed neutrinos, which automatically make neutrinos massive. The non-observation of any (B-L)-violating processes leads us to scrutinize the case of unbroken gauged B-L; besides Dirac neutrinos, the model contains only three parameters, the gauge coupling strength g', the Stueckelberg mass $M_{Z'}$, and the kinetic mixing angle $χ$. The new force could manifest itself at any scale, and we collect and derive bounds on g' over the entire testable range $M_{Z'}$ = 0 - $10^{13}$ eV, also of interest for the more popular case of spontaneously broken B-L or other new light forces. We show in particular that successful Big Bang nucleosynthesis provides strong bounds for masses 10 eV < $M_{Z'}$ < 10 GeV due to resonant enhancement of the rate $\bar{f} f \leftrightarrow \barν_R ν_R$. The strongest limits typically arise from astrophysics and colliders, probing scales $M_{Z'}/g'$ from TeV up to $10^{10}$ GeV.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures; added reference, matches published version
About the effects of rotation on the Landau levels in an elastic medium with a spiral dislocation
Creators: name: Amore, Paolo
name: Fernández, Francisco M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Paper we analyze a model proposed recently with the purpose of studying the effects of rotation on the interaction of a point charge with a uniform magnetic field in an elastic medium with a spiral dislocation. In particular we focus on the approximation proposed by the authors that consists of changing the left boundary condition in order to obtain analytical results. We show that this approximation leads to quantitative and qualitative errors, the most relevant one being a wrong prediction of the level spacing.
Monte Carlo Simulation of an X-Ray Pixel Beam Microirradiation System
Creators: name: Schreiber, E. C.
name: Chang, S. X.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Monte Carlo simulations are used in the development of a nanotechnology-based multi-pixel beam array small animal microirradiation system. The microirradiation system uses carbon nanotube field emission technology to generate arrays of individually controllable X-ray pixel beams that electronically form irregular irradiation fields having intensity and temporal modulation without any mechanical motion. The microirradiation system, once developed, will be incorporated with the micro-CT system already developed that is based on the same nanotechnology to form an integrated image-guided and intensity-modulated microirradiation system for high-temporal-resolution small animal research. Prospective microirradiation designs were evaluated based on dosimetry calculated using EGSnrc-based Monte Carlo simulations. Design aspects studied included X-ray anode design, collimator design, and dosimetric considerations such as beam energy, dose rate, inhomogeneity correction, and the microirradiation treatment planning strategies. The dosimetric properties of beam energies between 80–400 kVp with varying filtration were studied, producing a pixel beam dose rate per current of 0.35–13 Gy per min per mA at the microirradiation isocenter. Using opposing multi-pixel-beam array pairs reduces the dose inhomogeneity between adjacent pixel beams to negligible levels near the isocenter and 20% near the mouse surface.
Monitoring and evaluation projects or frameworks
Creators: name: European Bioinformatics Institute
name: Europe PMC
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Europe PMC
Software citation
Amsterdam Declaration on Funding Research
Software citation principles
JATS XML

description: The Amsterdam Declaration on Funding Research recommendation 9 requires "Funders should require citation practices for research software that recognise substantial contributors to all aspects of the software" and the Software citation principles list out the reasons why. The JATS4R recommendation on software citations provide guidance to publishers on how to tag this in the JATS XML. However, this presentation provides data sourced by Europe PMC from the open access literature to show what is happening in reality when it comes to software citation in the literature.
Massive Protostars in a Protocluster -- A Multi-Scale ALMA View of G35.20-0.74N
Creators: name: Zhang, Yichen
name: Tanaka, Kei E. I.
name: Tan, Jonathan C.
name: Yang, Yao-Lun
name: Greco, Eva
name: Beltrán, Maria T.
name: Sakai, Nami
name: De Buizer, James M.
name: Rosero, Viviana
name: Fedriani, Rubén
name: Garay, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of the massive star-forming region G35.2-0.74N with ALMA 1.3 mm multi-configuration observations. At 0.2" (440 au) resolution, the continuum emission reveals several dense cores along a filamentary structure, consistent with previous ALMA 0.85 mm observations. At 0.03" (66 au) resolution, we detect 22 compact sources, most of which are associated with the filament. Four of the sources are associated with compact centimeter continuum emission, and two of these are associated with H30α recombination line emission. The H30α line kinematics show ordered motion of the ionized gas, consistent with disk rotation and/or outflow expansion. We construct models of photoionized regions to simultaneously fit the multi-wavelength free-free fluxes and the H30α total fluxes. The derived properties suggest the presence of at least three massive young stars with nascent hypercompact Hii regions. Two of these ionized regions are surrounded by a large rotating structure that feeds two individual disks, revealed by dense gas tracers, such as SO2, H2CO, and CH3OH. In particular, the SO2 emission highlights two spiral structures in one of the disks and probes the faster-rotating inner disks. The 12CO emission from the general region reveals a complex outflow structure, with at least four outflows identified. The remaining 18 compact sources are expected to be associated with lower-mass protostars forming in the vicinity of the massive stars. We find potential evidence for disk disruption due to dynamical interactions in the inner region of this protocluster. The spatial distribution of the sources suggests a smooth overall radial density gradient without subclustering, but with tentative evidence of primordial mass segregation.
description: 46 pages, 21 figures, 5 tables. Accepted to ApJ
Gematriology - The Linguistic Time Machine By King Tut
Creators: name: King Tut
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Abstract

This paper introduces Gematriology, a novel linguistic and metaphysical framework in which language encodes time via harmonic structures grounded in prime number theory. By mapping letters to primes and treating phrases as semantic clocks, we propose that Gematria values function as temporal anchors within a probabilistic event manifold. These anchors align as interference points — wavefunction branches — that correspond to real-world events, enabling both retrocausal inference and future event prediction.

Using a construct called the Phase Prime Metric (PPM), we convert phrases into recursive fractal geometries and analyze their evolution through metrics such as Lyapunov exponents, fractal density, and semantic curvature. This geometry acts as the metric tensor of event-space, defining semantic geodesics and measuring resonance across a non-linear, many-worlds temporal topology.

We demonstrate that prime factors are the geometric DNA of cognition and that phrase clusters follow harmonic geodesics through this manifold. Our framework introduces Q-WAVE (Quantum Wavefunction Anchor Value Encoding), a system that blends numerical structure, language, and chaotic dynamics into a linguistic time machine — capable of forecasting possible futures (events)  without collapsing quantum states.
Critical Behavior of a Relativistic Bose Gas
Creators: name: Pandita, P. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the thermodynamic behavior of relativistic ideal Bose gas, recently studied numerically by Grether et al., can be obtained analytically. Using the analytical results, we obtain the critical behavior of the relativistic Bose gas exactly for all the regimes. We show that these analytical results reduce to those of Grether et al. in different regimes of the Bose gas. Furthermore, we also obtain an analytically closed form expression for the energy density for the Bose gas which is valid in all regimes.
description: 5 pages
Imaging Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Injury
Creators: name: Robbins, Mike E.
name: Peiffer, Ann M.
name: Bailey, Janet E.
name: Marks, Lawrence B.
name: Brunso-Bechtold, Judy K.
name: Tsien, Christina I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Technological developments in radiation therapy and other cancer therapies have led to a progressive increase in five-year survival rates over the last few decades. Although acute effects have been largely minimized by both technical advances and medical interventions, late effects remain a concern. Indeed, the need to identify those individuals who will develop radiation-induced late effects, and to develop interventions to prevent or ameliorate these late effects is a critical area of radiobiology research. In the last two decades, preclinical studies have clearly established that late radiation injury can be prevented/ameliorated by pharmacological therapies aimed at modulating the cascade of events leading to the clinical expression of radiation-induced late effects. These insights have been accompanied by significant technological advances in imaging that are moving radiation oncology and normal tissue radiobiology from disciplines driven by anatomy and macrostructure to ones in which important quantitative functional, microstructural, and metabolic data can be noninvasively and serially determined. In the current article, we review use of positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopy to generate pathophysiological and functional data in the central nervous system, lung, and heart that offer the promise of, (1) identifying individuals who are at risk of developing radiation-induced late effects, and (2) monitoring the efficacy of interventions to prevent/ameliorate them.