cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The nature of M33’s AGB stars
Creators: name: Rowe, Jason F.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Using the CFH12k imager on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, photometry of 1.3 million stars is used to investigate stellar populations in the metal poor ([Fe/H]=-0.6) late type spiral galaxy M33. M33 has a distance modulus of D=24.64 and AGB stars are highly luminous, allowing resolved population studies with 4 metre class telescopes. AGB stars are identified and classified in C (carbon) and M-type stars. Examining star counts and colour-magnitude selected stellar populations, the galactic structure of M33 is examined. Further, we search for evidence of galactic interactions as seen in other nearby galaxies, such as M31. We use the ratio of C-stars to M-stars to investigate the metallicity distribution throughout the disk. The C/M-star ratio is found to increase and flatten with galactocentric distance in agreement with viscous disk formation models. The C-star Luminosity function is found to be similar to the SMC and M31 making C-stars possible distance indicators.
Additional file 1 of Building a Children’s Health Service and System Research Strategy: development and integration in an Australian paediatric healthcare setting
Creators: name: Littlewood, Robyn
name: Canfell, Oliver J.
name: Tracey, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Basic Properties of Non-Stationary Ruijsenaars Functions
Creators: name: Langmann, Edwin
name: Noumi, Masatoshi
name: Shiraishi, Junichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For any variable number, a non-stationary Ruijsenaars function was recently introduced as a natural generalization of an explicitly known asymptotically free solution of the trigonometric Ruijsenaars model, and it was conjectured that this non-stationary Ruijsenaars function provides an explicit solution of the elliptic Ruijsenaars model. We present alternative series representations of the non-stationary Ruijsenaars functions, and we prove that these series converge. We also introduce novel difference operators called ${\mathcal T}$ which, as we prove in the trigonometric limit and conjecture in the general case, act diagonally on the non-stationary Ruijsenaars functions.
Investigating an approach of robustly self-testing two-qubit entangled states
Creators: name: Lien, Chan-Ching
name: Chen, Shin-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper [Quantum 5, 552 (2021)], the authors proposed a framework for robustly self-testing steerable quantum assemblages. In this work, we apply their method to the scenario of self-testing two-qubit entangled quantum states. The new bounds on the fidelity with the reference states are compared with other methods.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, published version
Instantaneous frequencies in the Kuramoto model
Creators: name: da Fonseca, Julio D.
name: Leonel, Edson D.
name: Chaté, Hugues
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the main results of the Kuramoto theory of globally coupled phase oscillators combined with methods from probability and generalized function theory in a geometric analysis, we extend Kuramoto's results and obtain a mathematical description of the instantaneous frequency (phase-velocity) distribution. Our result is validated against numerical simulations, and we illustrate it in cases where the natural frequencies have normal and Beta distributions. In both cases, we vary the coupling strength and compare systematically the distribution of time-averaged frequencies (a known result of Kuramoto theory) to that of instantaneous frequencies, focussing on their qualitative differences near the synchronized frequency and in their tails. For a class of natural frequency distributions with power-law tails, which includes the Cauchy-Lorentz distribution, we analyze rare events by means of an asymptotic formula obtained from a power series expansion of the instantaneous frequency distribution.
Enhanced Majorana bound states in magnetic chains on superconducting topological insulator edges
Creators: name: Teixeira, Raphael L. R. C.
name: Kuzmanovski, Dushko
name: Black-Schaffer, Annica M.
name: da Silva, Luis G. G. V. Dias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most promising mechanisms for the formation of Majorana bound states (MBSs) in condensed matter systems involve one-dimensional systems (such as semiconductor nanowires, magnetic chains, and quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI) edges) proximitized to superconducting materials. The choice between each of these options involves trade-offs between several factors such as reproducibility of results, system tunability, and robustness of the resulting MBS. In this article, we propose that a combination of two of these systems, namely a magnetic chain deposited on a QSHI edge in contact with a superconducting surface, offers a better choice of tunability and MBS robustness compared to magnetic chain deposited on bulk. We study how the QSHI edge interacts with the magnetic chain, and see how the topological phase is affected by edge proximity. We show that MBSs near the edge can be realized with lower chemical potential and Zeeman field than the ones inside the bulk, independently of the chain's magnetic order (ferromagnetic or spiral order). Different magnetic orderings in the chain modify the overall phase diagram, even suppressing the boundless topological phase found in the bulk for chains located at the QSHI edge. Moreover, we quantify the "quality" of MBSs by calculating the Majorana Polarization (MP) for different configurations. For chains located at the edge, the MP is close to its maximum value already for short chains. For chains located away from the edge, longer chains are needed to attain the same quality as chains located at the edge. The MP also oscillates in phase with the in-gap states, which is relatively unexpected as peaks in the energy spectrum corresponds to stronger overlap of MBSs.
description: Published version
Atomic Interferometer with Amplitude Gratings of Light and its Applications to Atom Based Tests of the Equivalence Principle
Creators: name: Fray, Sebastian
name: Diez, Cristina Alvarez
name: Hänsch, Theodor W.
name: Weitz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a matter wave interferometer based on the diffraction of atoms from effective absorption gratings of light. In a setup with cold rubidium atoms in an atomic fountain the interferometer has been used to carry out tests of the equivalence principle on an atomic basis. The gravitational acceleration of the two isotopes 85Rb and 87Rb was compared, yielding a difference Dg/g =(1.2 +-1.7)x10^{-7}. We also perform a differential free fall measurement of atoms in two different hyperfine states, and obtained a result of Dg/g =(0.4 +-1.2)x10^{-7}.
description: 4 Pages, 4 figures, accepted for Physical Review Letters
Artificial Neural Network Spectral Light Curve Template for Type Ia Supernovae and its Cosmological Constraints
Creators: name: Cheng, Qiao-Bin
name: Feng, Chao-Jun
name: Zhai, Xiang-Hua
name: Li, Xin-Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral energy distribution (SED) sequence for type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) is modeled by an artificial neural network. The SN Ia luminosity is characterized as a function of phase, wavelength, a color parameter and a decline rate parameter. After training and testing the neural network, the SED sequence could give both the spectrum with wavelength range from 3000Å~to 8000Å~ and the light curve with phase from 20 days before to 50 days after the maximum luminosity for the supernovae with different colors and decline rates. Therefore, we call this the Artificial Neural Network Spectral Light Curve Template (ANNSLCT) model. We retrain the Joint Light-curve Analysis (JLA) supernova sample by using the ANNSLCT model and obtain the parameters for each supernova to make a constraint on the cosmological $Λ$CDM model. We find that the best fitting values of these parameters are almost the same as those from the JLA sample trained with the Spectral Adaptive Lightcurve Template 2 (SALT2) model. So we believe that the ANNSLCT model could be used to analyze a large number of SN Ia multi-color light curves measured in the current and future observational projects.
description: 8 pages two columns, 17 figures
Spin-Hall effect in a disordered 2D electron-system
Creators: name: Raimondi, Roberto
name: Schwab, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the spin-Hall conductivity for a two-dimensional electron gas within the self-consistent Born approximation, varying the strength and type of disorder. In the weak disorder limit we find both analytically and numerically a vanishing spin-Hall conductivity even when we allow a momentum dependent scattering. Separating the reactive from the disspative current response, we find the universal value $σ^R_{sH} = e/8 π$ for the reactive response, which cancels however with the dissipative part $σ^D_{sH} = -e/8 π$.
description: 4 pages
BPS black holes, quantum attractor flows and automorphic forms
Creators: name: Gunaydin, Murat
name: Neitzke, Andrew
name: Pioline, Boris
name: Waldron, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a program for counting microstates of four-dimensional BPS black holes in N >= 2 supergravities with symmetric-space valued scalars by exploiting the symmetries of timelike reduction to three dimensions. Inspired by the equivalence between the four dimensional attractor flow and geodesic flow on the three-dimensional scalar manifold, we radially quantize stationary, spherically symmetric BPS geometries. Connections between the topological string amplitude, attractor wave function, the Ooguri-Strominger-Vafa conjecture and the theory of automorphic forms suggest that black hole degeneracies are counted by Fourier coefficients of modular forms for the three-dimensional U-duality group, associated to special "unipotent" representations which appear in the supersymmetric Hilbert space of the quantum attractor flow.
description: 9 pages, revtex; v2: references added and typos corrected
Additional file 4 of Development of a multivariable improvement measure for gout
Creators: name: Schlesinger, Naomi
name: N. Lawrence Edwards
name: Yeo, Anthony E.
name: Lipsky, Peter E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4.
Additional file 5 of Development of a multivariable improvement measure for gout
Creators: name: Schlesinger, Naomi
name: N. Lawrence Edwards
name: Yeo, Anthony E.
name: Lipsky, Peter E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5.
GRVFL-MV: Graph Random Vector Functional Link Based on Multi-View Learning
Creators: name: Tanveer, M.
name: Sharma, R. K.
name: Sajid, M.
name: Quadir, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The classification performance of the random vector functional link (RVFL), a randomized neural network, has been widely acknowledged. However, due to its shallow learning nature, RVFL often fails to consider all the relevant information available in a dataset. Additionally, it overlooks the geometrical properties of the dataset. To address these limitations, a novel graph random vector functional link based on multi-view learning (GRVFL-MV) model is proposed. The proposed model is trained on multiple views, incorporating the concept of multiview learning (MVL), and it also incorporates the geometrical properties of all the views using the graph embedding (GE) framework. The fusion of RVFL networks, MVL, and GE framework enables our proposed model to achieve the following: i) efficient learning: by leveraging the topology of RVFL, our proposed model can efficiently capture nonlinear relationships within the multi-view data, facilitating efficient and accurate predictions; ii) comprehensive representation: fusing information from diverse perspectives enhance the proposed model's ability to capture complex patterns and relationships within the data, thereby improving the model's overall generalization performance; and iii) structural awareness: by employing the GE framework, our proposed model leverages the original data distribution of the dataset by naturally exploiting both intrinsic and penalty subspace learning criteria. The evaluation of the proposed GRVFL-MV model on various datasets, including 27 UCI and KEEL datasets, 50 datasets from Corel5k, and 45 datasets from AwA, demonstrates its superior performance compared to baseline models. These results highlight the enhanced generalization capabilities of the proposed GRVFL-MV model across a diverse range of datasets.
Collective excitations in spin-polarized bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Van Men, Nguyen
name: Khanh, Nguyen Quoc
name: Phuong, Dong Thi Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the plasmon frequency and damping rate of plasma oscillations in a spin-polarized BLG system. Using the long wavelength approximation for dynamical dielectric function, we obtain an analytical expression for plasmon frequency showing that the degree of spin polarization P has negligible effect on the long wavelength plasmon frequency. Numerical calculations demonstrate that the degree of spin polarization affects slightly (strongly) plasmon frequency at small (large) wave-vectors and the maximum value of damping rate increases with increasing P. We also study the effects of carrier density and substrate dielectric constant on plasmon properties for different value of spin polarization. The numerically calculated critical wave-vector, at which the plasmon dispersion curve hits the edge of electron-hole continuum, decreases with P and can be used to determine experimentally the degree of spin polarization.
Stability of flux compactifications and the pattern of supersymmetry breaking
Creators: name: Choi, K.
name: Falkowski, A.
name: Nilles, H. P.
name: Olechowski, M.
name: Pokorski, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the KKLT approach to moduli stabilization by including the dilaton and the complex structure moduli into the effective supergravity theory. Decoupling of the dilaton is neither always possible nor necessary for the existence of stable minima with zero (or positive) cosmological constant. The pattern of supersymmetry breaking can be much richer than in the decoupling scenario of KKLT.
description: References added
Additional file 3 of Development of a multivariable improvement measure for gout
Creators: name: Schlesinger, Naomi
name: N. Lawrence Edwards
name: Yeo, Anthony E.
name: Lipsky, Peter E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3.
Hunting for top partner with a new signature at the LHC
Creators: name: Wang, Daohan
name: Wu, Lei
name: Zhang, Mengchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vector-like top partner plays a central role in many new physics models which attempt to address the hierarchy problem. The top partner is conventionally assumed to decay to a quark and a SM boson. However, it is also possible that the top partner decays to a non-SM scalar and a top quark. Such an exotic decay channel can be the main decay channel of top partner, and thus provides new windows to search for top partner at the LHC. In this paper, with classical machine learning method Boosted Decision Tree (BDT), we perform a model independent study of the discovery potential of this new signature at the LHC. In order to suppress the main QCD background, we consider subdominant but clean decay channel $a\to γγ$. For completeness, the single production process and pair production process of top partner are all taken into account. We find that, for both single and pair production, the future High-Luminosity LHC can exclude the top partner mass up to TeV scale through channel $T\to t a$ ($a\to γγ$), even if $BR(a\to γγ)$ is as small as $\mathcal{O}$(0.1\%). Besides, our result shows that single production can overmatch pair production at 14 TeV LHC, provided that top partner is heavier than $800\sim 900$ GeV.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures. Benchmark scenario is modified. More references are added
Understanding the development of interest and self-efficacy in active-learning undergraduate physics courses
Creators: name: Dou, Remy
name: Brewe, Eric
name: Potvin, Geoff
name: Zwolak, Justyna P.
name: Hazari, Zahra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modeling Instruction (MI), an active-learning introductory physics curriculum, has been shown to improve student academic success. Peer-to-peer interactions play a salient role in the MI classroom. Their impact on student interest and self-efficacy -- preeminent constructs of various career theories -- has not been thoroughly explored. Our examination of three undergraduate MI courses (N=221) revealed a decrease in students' physics self-efficacy, physics interest, and general science interest. We found a positive link from physics interest to self-efficacy, and a negative relationship between science interest and self-efficacy. We tested structural equation models confirming that student interactions make positive contributions to self-efficacy. This study frames students' classroom interactions within broader career theory frameworks and suggests nuanced considerations regarding interest and self-efficacy constructs in the context of undergraduate active-learning science courses.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
CG-SENSE revisited: Results from the first ISMRM reproducibility challenge
Creators: name: Maier, Oliver
name: Baete, Steven H.
name: Fyrdahl, Alexander
name: Hammernik, Kerstin
name: Harrevelt, Seb
name: Kasper, Lars
name: Karakuzu, Agah
name: Loecher, Michael
name: Patzig, Franz
name: Tian, Ye
name: Wang, Ke
name: Gallichan, Daniel
name: Uecker, Martin
name: Knoll, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: The aim of this work is to shed light on the issue of reproducibility in MR image reconstruction in the context of a challenge. Participants had to recreate the results of "Advances in sensitivity encoding with arbitrary k-space trajectories" by Pruessmann et al. Methods: The task of the challenge was to reconstruct radially acquired multi-coil k-space data (brain/heart) following the method in the original paper, reproducing its key figures. Results were compared to consolidated reference implementations created after the challenge, accounting for the two most common programming languages used in the submissions (Matlab/Python). Results: Visually, differences between submissions were small. Pixel-wise differences originated from image orientation, assumed field-of-view or resolution. The reference implementations were in good agreement, both visually and in terms of image similarity metrics. Discussion and Conclusion: While the description level of the published algorithm enabled participants to reproduce CG-SENSE in general, details of the implementation varied, e.g., density compensation or Tikhonov regularization. Implicit assumptions about the data lead to further differences, emphasizing the importance of sufficient meta-data accompanying open data sets. Defining reproducibility quantitatively turned out to be non-trivial for this image reconstruction challenge, in the absence of ground-truth results. Typical similarity measures like NMSE of SSIM were misled by image intensity scaling and outlier pixels. Thus, to facilitate reproducibility, researchers are encouraged to publish code and data alongside the original paper. Future methodological papers on MR image reconstruction might benefit from the consolidated reference implementations of CG-SENSE presented here, as a benchmark for methods comparison.
description: Submitted to Magnetic Resonance in Medicine; 29 pages with 10 figures and 1 table
Ultraslow light propagation in an inhomogeneously broadened rare-earth ion-doped crystal
Creators: name: Baldit, Elisa
name: Bencheikh, Kamel
name: Monnier, Paul
name: Levenson, Juan Ariel
name: Rouget, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Coherent Population Oscillations effect allows to burn a narrow spectral hole (26Hz) within the homogeneous absorption line of the optical transition of an Erbium ion-doped crystal. The large dispersion of the index of refraction associated with this hole permits to achieve a group velocity as low as 2.7m/s with a ransmission of 40%. We especially benefit from the inhomogeneous absorption broadening of the ions to tune both the transmission coefficient, from 40% to 90%, and the light group velocity from 2.7m/s to 100m/s.
Berry curvature and shift vector effects at high-order wave mixing in biased bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Avetissian, H. K.
name: Matevosyan, H. H.
name: Mkrtchian, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present a microscopic quantum theory that elucidates the nonlinear and nonperturbative optical response of biased bilayer graphene subjected to bichromatic strong laser fields. This response is analyzed using a four-band Hamiltonian derived from \textit{ab initio} calculations. For the laser-stimulated dynamics, we employ structure gauge-invariant evolutionary equations to accurately describe the evolution of the single-particle density matrix across the entire Brillouin zone. The resonant generation of electron-hole pairs by the high-frequency component of the field, combined with the induction of high-order harmonic generation and high-order wave mixing by the strong low-frequency field component, leads to significant alterations in the resulting spectra. These changes are driven by the effects of Berry curvature and the shift vector, which modify the relative contributions of interband and intraband channels, thereby fundamentally reshaping the radiation spectra at high-order frequency multiplication. The numerical results are further supported by approximate analytical calculations, demonstrating that high-order wave mixing can be modeled using the classical trajectory analysis of electron-hole pairs, with Berry curvature and the shift vector significantly influencing the saddle-point equations.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Surjective homomorphisms from algebras of operators on long sequence spaces are automatically injective
Creators: name: Horváth, Bence
name: Kania, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 46H10, 47L10, Secondary 46B03, 46B07, 46B10, 46B26, 47L20

description: We study automatic injectivity of surjective algebra homomorphisms from $\mathscr{B}(X)$, the algebra of (bounded, linear) operators on $X$, to $\mathscr{B}(Y)$, where $X$ is one of the following \emph{long} sequence spaces: $c_0(λ)$, $\ell_{\infty}^c(λ)$, and $\ell_p(λ)$ ($1 \leqslant p < \infty$) and $Y$ is arbitrary. \textit{En route} to the proof that these spaces do indeed enjoy such a property, we classify two-sided ideals of the algebra of operators of any of the aforementioned Banach spaces that are closed with respect to the `sequential strong operator topology'.
description: 22 pp; to appear in Quart. J. Math. (Oxford)
Dipole induced transparency in drop-filter cavity-waveguide systems
Creators: name: Waks, Edo
name: Vuckovic, Jelena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a waveguide that is normally opaque due to interaction with a drop-filter cavity can be made transparent when the drop filter is also coupled to a dipole. A transparency condition is derived between the cavity lifetime and vacuum Rabi frequency of the dipole. This condition is much weaker than strong coupling, and amounts to simply achieving large Purcell factors. Thus, we can observe transparency in the weak coupling regime. We describe how this effect can be useful for designing quantum repeaters for long distance quantum communication.
Interaction of matter-wave gap solitons in optical lattices
Creators: name: Dabrowska, Beata J.
name: Ostrovskaya, Elena A.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study mobility and interaction of gap solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) confined by an optical lattice potential. Such localized wavepackets can exist only in the gaps of the matter-wave band-gap spectrum and their interaction properties are shown to serve as a measure of discreteness imposed onto a BEC by the lattice potential. We show that inelastic collisions of two weakly localized near-the-band-edge gap solitons provide simple and effective means for generating strongly localized in-gap solitons through soliton fusion.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Nanoscale electrometry based on a magnetic-field-resistant spin sensor
Creators: name: Li, Rui
name: Kong, Fei
name: Zhao, Pengju
name: Cheng, Zhi
name: Qin, Zhuoyang
name: Wang, Mengqi
name: Zhang, Qi
name: Wang, Pengfei
name: Wang, Ya
name: Shi, Fazhan
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is a potential atomic-scale spin sensor for electric field sensing. However, its natural susceptibility to the magnetic field hinders effective detection of the electric field. Here we propose a robust electrometric method utilizing continuous dynamic decoupling (CDD) technique. During the CDD period, the NV center evolves in a dressed-state space, where the sensor is resistant to magnetic fields but remains sensitive to electric fields. As an example, we use this method to isolate the electric noise from a complex electro-magnetical environment near diamond surface via measuring the dephasing rate between dressed states. By reducing the surface electric noise with different covered liquids, we observe an unambiguous relation between the dephasing rate and the dielectric permittivity of the liquid, which enables a quantitative investigation of electric noise model near diamond surface.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 4 of Comparative genomics and pangenome-oriented studies reveal high homogeneity of the agronomically relevant enterobacterial plant pathogen Dickeya solani
Creators: name: Motyka-Pomagruk, Agata
name: Zoledowska, Sabina
name: Misztak, Agnieszka Emilia
name: Sledz, Wojciech
name: Mengoni, Alessio
name: Lojkowska, Ewa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. The functions of the unique Dickeya solani COGs. Description of data: a The first category was attributed by the BPGA v. 1.3 software. If it differed from the category currently allocated to certain COG IDs in the COG database, the up-to-date assignment after the slash mark is depicted. COG categories: A - RNA processing and modification, B - chromatin structure and dynamics, C - energy production and conversion, D - cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning, E - amino acid transport and metabolism, F - nucleotide transport and metabolism, G - carbohydrate transport and metabolism, H - coenzyme transport and metabolism, I - lipid transport and metabolism, J - translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, K - transcription, L - replication, recombination and repair, M - cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, N - cell motility, O - post-translational modification, protein turnover and chaperones, P - inorganic ion transport and metabolism, Q - secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism, R - general function prediction only, S - function unknown, T - signal transduction mechanisms, U - intracellular trafficking, secretion and vesicular transport, V - defence mechanisms, W - extracellular structures, X - mobilome: prophages, transposons, Y - nuclear structure and Z – cytoskeleton.
Microwave studies of high temperature superconductors : extraction of absolute magnetic penetration depth of cuprate superconductors from underdoped to overdoped
Creators: name: Mullins, Geoffrey Kale
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The London Penetration depth, and complex conductivity of Tl2Ba2Cu3O6+δ and YBa2Cu3O6+δ were measured at microwave frequencies using a loop gap resonator. A theoretical description of cavity perturbation analysis is given with emphasis assumptions of the model. The experimental apparatus is described, both in design and function, and a discussion is given of the difficulties associated with environmental conditions under which these measurements are made. The extraction of electronic properties from measured quantities is explained for the samples of Tl2Ba2Cu3O6+δ, that go into the thin limit regime. These properties can be understood through a model which is based on incoherent, quasipartieal hopping between superconducting planes. Differences in the material properties between pure, and gadolinium doped, YBa2Cu3O6+δ are accounted for by examining the properties of a dilute spin system. Measurements taken on this material are compared with results found in other microwave bolometry experiments, and found to be in qualitative agreement.
Schwarzschild Lensing From Geodesic Deviation
Creators: name: Li, Zhao
name: Guo, Xiao
name: Liu, Tan
name: Zhu, Tao
name: Zhao, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the gravitational lensing of light or gravitational waves by Schwarzschild black hole in geometric optics. Instead of a single massless particle, we investigate the collective behavior of a congruence of light/gravitational rays, described by the geodesic deviation equation (GDE). By projecting on the Newman-Penrose tetrad, GDE is decoupled, and we find an analytical Dyson-like series solution in the weak deflection and thin lens limits. Based on such a solution, we study the evolution of cross-sectional area and axis ratio. Finally, we reproduce the magnification and axis ratio of the lensing images up to the second order of weak deflection approximation and improve some missing corrections in previous works.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Single Star-forming galaxies and Star-forming galaxies in SF+SF and mixed pairs
Creators: name: Kelm, B.
name: Focardi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the SFR of single star-forming galaxies with the SFR of star-forming galaxies in pairs. Volume-limited samples are compared selected from the 2dFGRS, applying a maximum magnitude difference criterion. We show that SF galaxies in SF + SF pairs typically increase their SFR as they get fainter, whereas this does not happen for SF galaxies in mixed (SF + passive) pairs. And we provide evidence that differences between single SF and SF in pairs get more significant when SF galaxies in mixed pairs are excluded from the pair sample. Our analysis confirms that enhanced SFR and the presence of a companion galaxy (on 0.5 h^-1 Mpc scale) are correlated quantities, provided the galaxy is neither too luminous nor too faint, and the triggering galaxy is itself a SF galaxy.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, contributed paper, to be published in ''The Evolution of Starbursts'' (Bad Honnef 2004), ed. S. Huettemeister & E. Manthley (Melville:AIP)
From Trees to Loops and Back
Creators: name: Brandhuber, Andreas
name: Spence, Bill
name: Travaglini, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that generic one-loop scattering amplitudes in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories can be computed equivalently with MHV diagrams or with Feynman diagrams. We first present a general proof of the covariance of one-loop non-MHV amplitudes obtained from MHV diagrams. This proof relies only on the local character in Minkowski space of MHV vertices and on an application of the Feynman Tree Theorem. We then show that the discontinuities of one-loop scattering amplitudes computed with MHV diagrams are precisely the same as those computed with standard methods. Furthermore, we analyse collinear limits and soft limits of generic non-MHV amplitudes in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories with one-loop MHV diagrams. In particular, we find a simple explicit derivation of the universal one-loop splitting functions in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories to all orders in the dimensional regularisation parameter, which is in complete agreement with known results. Finally, we present concrete and illustrative applications of Feynman's Tree Theorem to one-loop MHV diagrams as well as to one-loop Feynman diagrams.
description: 52 pages, 17 figures. Some typos in Appendix A corrected
Dynamical systems in perturbative scalar field cosmology
Creators: name: Alho, Artur
name: Uggla, Claes
name: Wainwright, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a new \emph{regular} dynamical system on a 3-dimensional \emph{compact} state space describing linear scalar perturbations of spatially flat Robertson-Walker geometries for relativistic models with a minimally coupled scalar field with an exponential potential. This enables us to construct the global solution space, illustrated with figures, where known solutions are shown to reside on special invariant sets. We also use our dynamical systems approach to obtain new results about the comoving and uniform density curvature perturbations. Finally we show how to extend our approach to more general scalar field potentials. This leads to state spaces where the state space of the models with an exponential potential appears as invariant boundary sets, thereby illustrating their role as building blocks in a hierarchy of increasingly complex cosmological models.
description: 27 pages, 12 figures. [v2] 29 pages, matches final published version
Nuclear Burning in Collapsar Accretion Disks
Creators: name: Zenati, Yossef
name: Siegel, Daniel M.
name: Metzger, Brian D.
name: Perets, Hagai B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The core collapse of massive, rapidly-rotating stars are thought to be the progenitors of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRB) and their associated hyper-energetic supernovae (SNe). At early times after the collapse, relatively low angular momentum material from the infalling stellar envelope will circularize into an accretion disk located just outside the black hole horizon, resulting in high accretion rates necessary to power a GRB jet. Temperatures in the disk midplane at these small radii are sufficiently high to dissociate nuclei, while outflows from the disk can be neutron-rich and may synthesize r-process nuclei. However, at later times, and for high progenitor angular momentum, the outer layers of the stellar envelope can circularize at larger radii $\gtrsim 10^{7}$ cm, where nuclear reaction can take place in the disk midplane ((e.g.~$^{4}$He + $^{16}$O $\rightarrow$ $^{20}$Ne + $γ$).. Here we explore the effects of nuclear burning on collapsar accretion disks and their outflows by means of hydrodynamical $α$-viscosity torus simulations coupled to a 19-isotope nuclear reaction network, which are designed to mimic the late infall epochs in collapsar evolution when the viscous time of the torus has become comparable to the envelope fall-back time. Our results address several key questions, such as the conditions for quiescent burning and accretion versus detonation and the generation of $^{56}$Ni in disk outflows, which we show could contribute significantly to powering GRB supernovae. Being located in the slowest, innermost layers of the ejecta, the latter could provide the radioactive heating source necessary to make the spectral signatures of r-process elements visible in late-time GRB-SNe spectra.
description: Submitted to MNRAS, comments are welcome
Finite-Size Bosonization and Self-Consistent Harmonic Approximation
Creators: name: Mocanu, C.
name: Dzierzawa, M.
name: Schwab, P.
name: Eckern, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-consistent harmonic approximation is extended in order to account for the existence of Klein factors in bosonized Hamiltonians. This is important for the study of finite systems where Klein factors cannot be ignored a priori. As a test we apply the method to interacting spinless fermions with modulated hopping. We calculate the finite-size corrections to the energy gap and the Drude weight and compare our results with the exact solution for special values of the model parameters.
State estimation with quantum extreme learning machines beyond the scrambling time
Creators: name: Vetrano, Marco
name: Monaco, Gabriele Lo
name: Innocenti, Luca
name: Lorenzo, Salvatore
name: Palma, G. Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum extreme learning machines (QELMs) leverage untrained quantum dynamics to efficiently process information encoded in input quantum states, avoiding the high computational cost of training more complicated nonlinear models. On the other hand, quantum information scrambling (QIS) quantifies how the spread of quantum information into correlations makes it irretrievable from local measurements. Here, we explore the tight relation between QIS and the predictive power of QELMs. In particular, we show efficient state estimation is possible even beyond the scrambling time, for many different types of dynamics -- in fact, we show that in all the cases we studied, the reconstruction efficiency at long interaction times matches the optimal one offered by random global unitary dynamics. These results offer promising venues for robust experimental QELM-based state estimation protocols, as well as providing novel insights into the nature of QIS from a state estimation perspective.
Additional file 2 of Development of a multivariable improvement measure for gout
Creators: name: Schlesinger, Naomi
name: N. Lawrence Edwards
name: Yeo, Anthony E.
name: Lipsky, Peter E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2.
VINCI-VLTI measurements of HR 4049: the physical size of the circumbinary envelope
Creators: name: Antoniucci, Simone
name: Paresce, Francesco
name: Wittkowski, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first detection of the envelope which surrounds the post-AGB binary source HR 4049. VINCI-VLTI K-band interferometric observations of this source imply the existence of a large structure with a Gaussian angular FWHM 22.4 +/- 1.4 mas or uniform disk diameter of 34.9 +/- 1.9 mas. With the Hipparcos parallax of 1.50 +/- 0.64 mas these values correspond to a physical size of 14.9 (+11.1,-4.4) AU and 23.3 (+17.3,-7.0) AU, respectively. Our measurements, covering an azimuth range of about 60 degrees, for the sky-projected baseline, provide information on the geometry of the emitting region and show that there is only a slight variation of the measured angular values along the different directions sampled. Thus, our results are consistent with a spherical geometry of the envelope. However, we cannot completely rule out the existence of an asymmetric envelope (like the circumbinary disk envisaged by some recent models) because of the limited spatial frequency and azimuth range covered by the observations.
description: 4 pages, 4 postscript figures, accepted letter for A&A
Possibility to generate any Gaussian cluster state by a multi-mode squeezing transformation
Creators: name: Zippilli, Stefano
name: Vitali, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gaussian cluster states are ideal infinitely squeezed states. In practice it is possible to construct only approximated version of them with finite squeezing. Here we show how to determine the specific multi-mode squeezing transformation, which generates a faithful approximation of any given Gaussian cluster state.
Prototype Implementation of Kalpis and Proof Artifacts for Kalpis and RRArr
Creators: name: Ågren Thuné, Anders
name: Matsuda, Kazutaka
name: Wang, Meng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Artifact for the ESOP24 paper Reconciling Partial and Local Invertibility (Ågren Thuné, Matsuda and Wang 2024)
Development of ion-beam sputtered silicon nitride thin films for low-noise mirror coatings of gravitational-wave detectors
Creators: name: Amato, A.
name: Bazzan, M.
name: Cagnoli, G.
name: Canepa, M.
name: Coulon, M.
name: Degallaix, J.
name: Demos, N.
name: Di Michele, A.
name: Evans, M.
name: Fabrizi, F.
name: Favaro, G.
name: Forest, D.
name: Gras, S.
name: Hofman, D.
name: Lemaitre, A.
name: Maggioni, G.
name: Magnozzi, M.
name: Martinez, V.
name: Mereni, L.
name: Michel, C.
name: Milotti, V.
name: Montani, M.
name: Paolone, A.
name: Pereira, A.
name: Piergiovanni, F.
name: Pierro, V.
name: Pinard, L.
name: Pinto, I. M.
name: Placidi, E.
name: Samandari, S.
name: Sassolas, B.
name: Shcheblanov, N.
name: Teillon, J.
name: Vickridge, I.
name: Granata, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brownian thermal noise of thin-film coatings is a fundamental limit for high-precision experiments based on optical resonators such as gravitational-wave interferometers. Here we present the results of a research activity aiming to develop lower-noise ion-beam sputtered silicon nitride thin films compliant with the very stringent requirements on optical loss of gravitational-wave interferometers.
 In order to test the hypothesis of a correlation between the synthesis conditions of the films and their elemental composition and optical and mechanical properties, we varied the voltage, current intensity and composition of the sputtering ion beam, and we performed a broad campaign of characterizations. While the refractive index was found to monotonically depend on the beam voltage and linearly vary with the N/Si ratio, the optical absorption appeared to be strongly sensitive to other factors, as yet unidentified. However, by systematically varying the deposition parameters, an optimal working point was found. Thus we show that the loss angle and extinction coefficient of our thin films can be as low as $(1.0 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{-4}$ rad at $\sim$2.8 kHz and $(6.4 \pm 0.2) \times 10^{-6}$ at 1064 nm, respectively, after thermal treatment at 900 $^{\circ}$C. To the best of our knowledge, such loss angle value is the lowest ever measured on this class of thin films.
 We then used our silicon nitride thin films to design and produce a multi-material mirror coating showing a thermal noise amplitude of $(10.3 \pm 0.2) \times 10^{-18}$ m Hz$^{-1/2}$ at 100 Hz, which is 25\% lower than in current mirror coatings of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo interferometers, and an optical absorption as low as $(1.6 \pm 0.5)$ parts per million at 1064 nm.