cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spin and charge transport in graphene-based spin transport devices with Co/MgO spin injection and spin detection electrodes
Creators: name: Volmer, F.
name: Drögeler, M.
name: Güntherodt, G.
name: Stampfer, C.
name: Beschoten, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review we discuss spin and charge transport properties in graphene-based single-layer and few-layer spin-valve devices. We give an overview of challenges and recent advances in the field of device fabrication and discuss two of our fabrication methods in more detail which result in distinctly different device performances. In the first class of devices, Co/MgO electrodes are directly deposited onto graphene which results in rough MgO-to-Co interfaces and favor the formation of conducting pinholes throughout the MgO layer. We show that the contact resistance area product (R$_c$A) is a benchmark for spin transport properties as it scales with the measured spin lifetime in these devices indicating that contact-induced spin dephasing is the bottleneck for spin transport even in devices with large R$_c$A values. In a second class of devices, Co/MgO electrodes are first patterned onto a silicon substrate. Subsequently, a graphene-hBN heterostructure is directly transferred onto these prepatterned electrodes which provides improved interface properties. This is seen by a strong enhancement of both charge and spin transport properties yielding charge carrier mobilities exceeding 20000 cm$^2$/(Vs) and spin lifetimes up to 3.7 ns at room temperature. We discuss several shortcomings in the determination of both quantities which complicates the analysis of both extrinsic and intrinsic spin scattering mechanisms. Furthermore, we show that contacts can be the origin of a second charge neutrality point in gate dependent resistance measurements which is influenced by the quantum capacitance of the underlying graphene layer.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
Constructing an assessment framework for environmental and economic impacts of product price increase associated with product lifetime extension design policy
Creators: name: Nishijima, Daisuke
name: Nansai, Keisuke
name: Oguchi, Masahiro
name: Kagawa, Shigemi
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
subject: 600 Technik, Technologie
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: product longer use
subject: product price increase
subject: material consumption
subject: GHG emissions
subject: product sales

description: Policies and measures for achieving a sustainable society have been proposed and established, one of which is to encourage longer product use through product design improvements described in the EU action plan for circular economy by European Commission (2015). Such product design improvements for longer product use probably require high-quality materials and retention and management of repair parts. These will lead to increase in production and management costs. Accordingly, the product design improvements for longer product use will also lead to product price increase which can be an incentive for longer product use. Therefore, analyzing impacts of product price increases on environment and economy in advance is beneficial to discuss achievements of a sustainable society. This study proposes an analytical framework for environmental and economic impacts of product price increases with a dynamic discrete choice model. Focusing on air conditioners in Japan as a case study, this study estimates impacts of the product price increase on product replacements of air conditioners. Based on the results, this study analyzed environmental (material consumptions and GHG emissions) and economic (monetary sales of air conditioners) impacts of the product price increase, and a trade-off among effects of the product price increase on the three factors are clarified.
JAMOAT XAVFSIZLIGINI TA'MINLASH VA HUQUQBUZARLIKLARNING OLDINI OLISH - DOLZARB VAZIFA
Creators: name: Adilov, Baxrambek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Maqolada jamoat xavfsizligi, jamoat tartibi, xavfsizligini ta’minlash ob’ektlari, jamoat tartibining ijtimoiy ahamiyati, jamoat xavfsizligini ta’minlashning tushunchalari berilgan bo‘lib, shu bilan birga respublikamizda jamoat xavfsizligini ta’minlash va huquqbuzarliklarning oldini olish borasida amalga oshirilgan ishlar hamda huquqbuzarliklarning sodir etilishiga sabab bo‘lgan shart-sharoitlarni o‘z vaqtida aniqlash va bartaraf etishning samarali tizimi haqida ilmiy fikrlar yuritilgan
A product lifetime model for assessing the effect of product lifetime extension behavior by different consumer segments
Creators: name: Oguchi, Masahiro
name: Tasaki, Tomohiro
name: Terazono, Atsushi
name: Nishijima, Daisuke
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
subject: 600 Technik, Technologie
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: consumer durables
subject: lifetime modelling
subject: lifetime extension
subject: weibull distribution
subject: estimation

description: Product lifetime extension would contribute to establishing a circular economy by reducing the environmental impacts of mass consumption. This study developed a product lifetime model that can explicitly deal with the proportion and the longer-use behaviors of different consumer segments. The developed model expressed the product lifetime distribution as the composite of two distribution functions for longer-use promoters and normal-use consumers. The model explicitly deals with two parameters of longer-use actions: increasing the proportion of longer-use promoters and prolonging product lifetimes. A scenario analysis with the developed model showed that if the proportion of longeruse promoters, who uses their products 1.4 times longer than normal consumers, increases to 20%, the domestic demand for new product and the EoL generation will decrease by approximately 5%–10%. The results demonstrated that the model can quantitatively analyze the effects on the domestic demand for new products and the EoL products generation by the tow parameters for longer-use actions. By incorporating this model into a material stock and flow analysis model, it will be possible to assess the effects of promoting longer-use of durable goods on natural resource consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, reduction of final disposal of wastes, etc
Wrinkles and folds in a fluid-supported sheet of finite size
Creators: name: Oshri, Oz
name: Brau, Fabian
name: Diamant, Haim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A laterally confined thin elastic sheet lying on a liquid substrate displays regular undulations, called wrinkles, characterized by a spatially extended energy distribution and a well-defined wavelength $λ$. As the confinement increases, the deformation energy is progressively localized into a single narrow fold. An exact solution for the deformation of an infinite sheet was previously found, indicating that wrinkles in an infinite sheet are unstable against localization for arbitrarily small confinement. We present an extension of the theory to sheets of finite length $L$, accounting for the experimentally observed wrinkle-to-fold transition. We derive an exact solution for the periodic deformation in the wrinkled state, and an approximate solution for the localized, folded state. We show that a second-order transition between these two states occurs at a critical confinement $Δ_F=λ^2/L$.
description: 15 pages
White matter changes in psychosis risk relate to development and are not impacted by the transition to psychosis
Creators: name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: Bouix, S.
name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Addington, J.
name: Kubicki, M.
name: Ji, J.L.
name: Cetin-Karayumak, S.
name: Adkinson, B.D.
name: Zalesky, A.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
name: Keshavan, M.S.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Lyall, A.E.
name: Lyons, M.G.
name: Tamayo, Z.
name: McGlashan, T.H.
name: Stone, W.S.
name: Rathi, Y.
name: Zhang, F.
name: Cho, K.I.K.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: Shenton, M.E.
name: Perkins, D.O.
name: Pasternak, O.
name: Schleifer, C.
name: Billah, T.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: Di Biase, M.A.
name: Anticevic, A.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2021

description: Subtle alterations in white matter microstructure are observed in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. However, the timing of these changes and their relationships to the emergence of psychosis remain unclear. Here, we track the evolution of white matter abnormalities in a large, longitudinal cohort of CHR individuals comprising the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-3). Multi-shell diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were collected across multiple timepoints (1–5 over 1 year) in 286 subjects (aged 12–32 years): 25 CHR individuals who transitioned to psychosis (CHR-P; 61 scans), 205 CHR subjects with unknown transition outcome after the 1-year follow-up period (CHR-U; 596 scans), and 56 healthy controls (195 scans). Linear mixed effects models were fitted to infer the impact of age and illness-onset on variation in the fractional anisotropy of cellular tissue (FAT) and the volume fraction of extracellular free water (FW). Baseline measures of white matter microstructure did not differentiate between HC, CHR-U and CHR-P individuals. However, age trajectories differed between the three groups in line with a developmental effect: CHR-P and CHR-U groups displayed higher FAT in adolescence, and 4% lower FAT by 30 years of age compared to controls. Furthermore, older CHR-P subjects (20+ years) displayed 4% higher FW in the forceps major (p < 0.05). Prospective analysis in CHR-P did not reveal a significant impact of illness onset on regional FAT or FW, suggesting that transition to psychosis is not marked by dramatic change in white matter microstructure. Instead, clinical high risk for psychosis—regardless of transition outcome—is characterized by subtle age-related white matter changes that occur in tandem with development.
Pion spectral properties above the chiral crossover of QCD
Creators: name: Lowdon, Peter
name: Philipsen, Owe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral functions encode a wealth of information about the dynamics of any given system, and the determination of their non-perturbative characteristics is a long-standing problem in quantum field theory. Whilst numerical simulations of lattice QCD provide ample data for various Euclidean correlation functions, the inversion required to extract spectral functions is an ill-posed problem. In this work, we pursue previously established constraints imposed by field locality at finite temperature $T$, namely that spectral functions possess a non-perturbative representation which generalises the well-known Källén-Lehmann spectral form to $T>0$. Using this representation, we analyse lattice QCD data of the spatial pseudo-scalar correlator in the temperature range $220-960 \, \text{MeV}$, and obtain an analytic expression for the corresponding spectral function, with parameters fixed by the data. From the structure of this spectral function we find evidence for the existence of a distinct pion state above the chiral pseudo-critical temperature $T_{\text{pc}}$, and contributions from its first excitation, which gradually melt as the temperature increases. As a non-trivial test, we find that the extracted spectral function reproduces the corresponding temporal lattice correlator data for $T=220 \, \text{MeV}$.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures; v3: references updated, matches published version
Abnormally Large Baseline P300 Amplitude Is Associated With Conversion to Psychosis in Clinical High Risk Individuals With a History of Autism: A Pilot Study
Creators: name: Perkins, D.
name: Addington, J.M.
name: Guillory, S.B.
name: Cornblatt, B.
name: Stone, W.S.
name: Seidman, L.J.
name: Foss-Feig, J.H.
name: McGlashan, T.
name: Light, G.A.
name: Belger, A.
name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Woods, S.
name: Duncan, E.
name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: Velthorst, E.,
name: Niznikiewicz, M.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Bachman, P.,
name: Walker, E.F.
name: Hamilton, H.
name: Carrion, R.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: Roach, B.J.
name: Tsuang, M.
name: Johannesen, J.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2021

description: Psychosis rates in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are 5–35% higher than in the general population. The overlap in sensory and attentional processing abnormalities highlights the possibility of related neurobiological substrates. Previous research has shown that several electroencephalography (EEG)-derived event-related potential (ERP) components that are abnormal in schizophrenia, including P300, are also abnormal in individuals at Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis and predict conversion to psychosis. Yet, it is unclear whether P300 is similarly sensitive to psychosis risk in help-seeking CHR individuals with ASD history. In this exploratory study, we leveraged data from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2) to probe for the first time EEG markers of longitudinal psychosis profiles in ASD. Specifically, we investigated the P300 ERP component and its sensitivity to psychosis conversion across CHR groups with (ASD+) and without (ASD–) comorbid ASD. Baseline EEG data were analyzed from 304 CHR patients (14 ASD+; 290 ASD–) from the NAPLS2 cohort who were followed longitudinally over two years. We examined P300 amplitude to infrequent Target (10%; P3b) and Novel distractor (10%; P3a) stimuli from visual and auditory oddball tasks. Whereas P300 amplitude attenuation is typically characteristic of CHR and predictive of conversion to psychosis in non-ASD sample, in our sample, history of ASD moderated this relationship such that, in CHR/ASD+ individuals, enhanced – rather than attenuated - visual P300 (regardless of stimulus type) was associated with psychosis conversion. This pattern was also seen for auditory P3b amplitude to Target stimuli. Though drawn from a small sample of CHR individuals with ASD, these preliminary results point to a paradoxical effect, wherein those with both CHR and ASD history who go on to develop psychosis have a unique pattern of enhanced neural response during attention orienting to both visual and target stimuli. Such a pattern stands out from the usual finding of P300 amplitude reductions predicting psychosis in non-ASD CHR populations and warrants follow up in larger scale, targeted, longitudinal studies of those with ASD at clinical high risk for psychosis.
Traceability of dynamic magnetic fields by NMR magnetometry
Creators: name: Nazarre, Diego Joriro
name: Martin, Ramon Valls
name: Périgo, Elio Alberto
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: Applied Physics

description: Abstract —A method to provide a low uncertainty traceability of alternating magnetic fields is presented.The superposition of a polarization static field ism combined with theAC magnetic signal and a NMR probe excited with a slow sweeping frequency so that the generated pulses allows the reconstruction of the ACfield waveform. Similarly to the static magnetic field traceability by using NMR magnetometry the waveform measurement is related to the gyromagnetic ratio of protons, leadingto a primary standard. A prototype is presented showing the feasibility of its implementation.
Helmut Salzmann and his Legacy
Creators: name: Löwen, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51H

description: We describe the development of the mathematics of Helmut R. Salzmann (3. 11. 1930 -- 8. 3. 2022) and the main difficulties he was facing, documenting his lifelong productivity and his far reaching influence. We include a comprehensive bibliography of his work.
Cross-paradigm connectivity: reliability, stability, and utility
Creators: name: Goodyear, B.
name: van Erp, T.G.M.
name: Hamann, S.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
name: Thermenos, H.
name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: Addington, J.
name: Chen, O.Y.
name: McEwen, S.C.
name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: Forsyth, J.K.
name: Belger, A.
name: Cao, H.
name: Anticevic, A.
name: Mirzakhanian, H.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Walker, E.F.
name: Carrión, R.E.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: McGlashan, T.H.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Gee, D.G.
name: Perkins, D.O.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2021

description: While functional neuroimaging studies typically focus on a particular paradigm to investigate network connectivity, the human brain appears to possess an intrinsic “trait” architecture that is independent of any given paradigm. We have previously proposed the use of “cross-paradigm connectivity (CPC)” to quantify shared connectivity patterns across multiple paradigms and have demonstrated the utility of such measures in clinical studies. Here, using generalizability theory and connectome fingerprinting, we examined the reliability, stability, and individual identifiability of CPC in a group of highly-sampled healthy traveling subjects who received fMRI scans with a battery of five paradigms across multiple sites and days. Compared with single-paradigm connectivity matrices, the CPC matrices showed higher reliability in connectivity diversity, lower reliability in connectivity strength, higher stability, and higher individual identification accuracy. All of these assessments increased as a function of number of paradigms included in the CPC analysis. In comparisons involving different paradigm combinations and different brain atlases, we observed significantly higher reliability, stability, and identifiability for CPC matrices constructed from task-only data (versus those from both task and rest data), and higher identifiability but lower stability for CPC matrices constructed from the Power atlas (versus those from the AAL atlas). Moreover, we showed that multi-paradigm CPC matrices likely reflect the brain’s “trait” structure that cannot be fully achieved from single-paradigm data, even with multiple runs. The present results provide evidence for the feasibility and utility of CPC in the study of functional “trait” networks and offer some methodological implications for future CPC studies.
Toward a multidimensional analysis of transmission spectroscopy. Part III: Modelling 2D effects in retrievals with TauREx
Creators: name: Zingales, Tiziano
name: Falco, Aurélien
name: Pluriel, William
name: Leconte, Jérémy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New-generation spectrographs dedicated to the study of exoplanetary atmospheres require a high accuracy in the atmospheric models to better interpret the input spectra. Thanks to space missions, the observed spectra will cover a large wavelength range from visible to mid-infrared with an higher precision compared to the old-generation instrumentation, revealing complex features coming from different regions of the atmosphere. For hot and ultra hot Jupiters (HJs and UHJs), the main source of complexity in the spectra comes from thermal and chemical differences between the day and the night sides. In this context, one-dimensional plane parallel retrieval models of atmospheres may not be suitable to extract the complexity of such spectra. In addition, Bayesian frameworks are computationally intensive and prevent us from using complete three-dimensional self-consistent models to retrieve exoplanetary atmospheres. We propose the TauREx 2D retrieval code, which uses two-dimensional atmospheric models as a good compromise between computational cost and model accuracy to better infer exoplanetary atmospheric characteristics for the hottest planets. TauREx 2D uses a 2D parametrization across the limb which computes the transmission spectrum from an exoplanetary atmosphere assuming azimuthal symmetry. It also includes a thermal dissociation model of various species. We demonstrate that, given an input observation, TauREx 2D mitigates the biases between the retrieved atmospheric parameters and the real atmospheric parameters. We also show that having a prior knowledge on the link between local temperature and composition is instrumental in inferring the temperature structure of the atmosphere. Finally, we apply such a model on a synthetic spectrum computed from a GCM simulation of WASP-121b and show how parameter biases can be removed when using two-dimensional forward models across the limb.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Production of various elements in ultraperipheral $^{208}$Pb-$^{208}$Pb collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: Dmitrieva, U. A.
name: Pshenichnov, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As predicted by theory and confirmed by measurements, one, two or three neutrons are emitted frequently in ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) of heavy relativistic nuclei, in particular, $^{208}$Pb. The exchange of low-energy Weizsäcker--Williams photons dominates in such interactions. This leads to the excitation and decay of Giant Dipole Resonances (GDR) in colliding nuclei below the proton emission threshold. Less is known about the electromagnetic dissociation of $^{208}$Pb induced by energetic photons leading to violent fragmentation of $^{208}$Pb. The UPCs of lead nuclei at the LHC were modelled with Relativistic ELectromagnetic Dissociation (RELDIS) model to evaluate the contribution of photonuclear reactions in the domain of quasideuteron absorption and at higher photon energies. It was demonstrated that due to the presence of a single heavy residue in the final state mostly accompanied by free protons and neutrons, the cross sections of the production of specific elements can be well approximated by the proton emission cross sections, which can be measured in the ALICE experiment at the LHC.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Signatures of running penumbral waves in sunspot photospheres
Creators: name: Löhner-Böttcher, Johannes
name: González, Nazaret Bello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The highly dynamic atmosphere above sunspots exhibits a wealth of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. Recent studies suggest a coupled nature of the most prominent phenomena: umbral flashes (UFs) and running penumbral waves (RPWs). From an observational point of view, we perform a height-dependent study of RPWs, compare their wave characteristics and aim to track down these so far only chromospherically observed phenomena to photospheric layers to prove the upward propagating field-guided nature of RPWs. We analyze a time series (58\,min) of multi-wavelength observations of an isolated circular sunspot (NOAA11823) taken at high spatial and temporal resolution in spectroscopic mode with the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectro-polarimeter (IBIS/DST). By means of a multi-layer intensity sampling, velocity comparisons, wavelet power analysis and sectorial studies of time-slices, we retrieve the power distribution, characteristic periodicities and propagation characteristics of sunspot waves at photospheric and chromospheric levels. Signatures of RPWs are found at photospheric layers. Those continuous oscillations occur preferably at periods between 4-6\,min starting at the inner penumbral boundary. The photospheric oscillations all have a slightly delayed, more defined chromospheric counterpart with larger relative velocities (which are linked to preceding UF events). In all layers the power of RPWs follows a filamentary fine-structure and shows a typical ring-shaped power distribution increasing in radius for larger wave periods. The analysis of time-slices reveals apparent horizontal velocities for RPWs at photospheric layers of $\approx50\,\rm{km/s}$ which decrease to $\approx30\,\rm{km/s}$ at chromospheric heights. The observations strongly support the scenario of RPWs being upward propagating slow-mode waves guided by the magnetic field lines.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Genetic and clinical analyses of psychosis spectrum symptoms in a large multiethnic youth cohort reveal significant link with ADHD
Creators: name: Gur, R.C.
name: Keshavan, M.S.
name: Loohuis, L.M.O.
name: Mathalon, D.H.
name: Ophoff, R.A.
name: Robinson, E.
name: Ori, A.P.S.
name: Perkins, D.
name: Walker, E.F.
name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: Mennigen, E.
name: Addington, J.
name: Gur, R.E.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: McGlashan, T.H.
name: Stone, W.S.
name: Seidman, L.J.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2021

description: Psychotic symptoms are not only an important feature of severe neuropsychiatric disorders, but are also common in the general population, especially in youth. The genetic etiology of psychosis symptoms in youth remains poorly understood. To characterize genetic risk for psychosis spectrum symptoms (PS), we leverage a community-based multiethnic sample of children and adolescents aged 8–22 years, the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (n = 7225, 20% PS). Using an elastic net regression model, we aim to classify PS status using polygenic scores (PGS) based on a range of heritable psychiatric and brain-related traits in a multi-PGS model. We also perform univariate PGS associations and evaluate age-specific effects. The multi-PGS analyses do not improve prediction of PS status over univariate models, but reveal that the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) PGS is robustly and uniquely associated with PS (OR 1.12 (1.05, 1.18) P = 0.0003). This association is driven by subjects of European ancestry (OR = 1.23 (1.14, 1.34), P = 4.15 × 10−7) but is not observed in African American subjects (P = 0.65). We find a significant interaction of ADHD PGS with age (P = 0.01), with a stronger association in younger children. The association is independent of phenotypic overlap between ADHD and PS, not indirectly driven by substance use or childhood trauma, and appears to be specific to PS rather than reflecting general psychopathology in youth. In an independent sample, we replicate an increased ADHD PGS in 328 youth at clinical high risk for psychosis, compared to 216 unaffected controls (OR 1.06, CI(1.01, 1.11), P = 0.02). Our findings suggest that PS in youth may reflect a different genetic etiology than psychotic symptoms in adulthood, one more akin to ADHD, and shed light on how genetic risk can be investigated across early disease trajectories.
Deliverable D-JRP19-WP1: Report of the kickoff meeting of the Paradise project
Creators: name: Caccio, Simone Mario
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: PARADISE; Cryptosporidium parvum; Giardia duodenalis

description: This is the report of the kick off meeting of the Paradise project, held at ISS (Rome, Italy) on February 10-11, 2020
Van Hove singularity and ferromagnetic instability in phosphorene
Creators: name: Ziletti, A.
name: Huang, S. M.
name: Coker, D. F.
name: Lin, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Wannier function-based interpolation techniques, we present compelling numerical evidence for the presence of a saddle-point van Hove singularity at the $Γ$ point near the phosphorene Fermi energy. We show that in proximity of the van Hove singularity the spin susceptibility presents the logarithmic temperature dependence typical of Liftshitz phase transitions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the critical temperature for the ferromagnetic transition can be greatly increased (up to 0.05 K) if strain along the zigzag ridges is applied. Although the ferromagnetic state would be very difficult to experimentally reach, the logarithmic temperature behaviour of the spin susceptibility due to the van Hove singularity is found to persist at much higher temperatures (up to $\sim$97 K).
description: 12 pages, 4 figures. HSE06 and GW calculations added, together with minor changes
PRODIGE -- Envelope to disk with NOEMA I. A 3000 au streamer feeding a Class I protostar
Creators: name: Valdivia-Mena, M. T.
name: Pineda, J. E.
name: Segura-Cox, D. M.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Neri, R.
name: López-Sepulcre, A.
name: Cunningham, N.
name: Bouscasse, L.
name: Semenov, D.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Piétu, V.
name: Chapillon, E.
name: Dutrey, A.
name: Fuente, A.
name: Guilloteau, S.
name: Hsieh, T. H.
name: Jiménez-Serra, I.
name: Marino, S.
name: Maureira, M. J.
name: Smirnov-Pinchukov, G. V.
name: Tafalla, M.
name: Zhao, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. In the past few years, there has been a rise in the detection of streamers, asymmetric flows of material directed toward the protostellar disk with material from outside the star's natal core. It is unclear how they affect the process of mass accretion, in particular beyond the Class 0 phase. Aims. We investigate the gas kinematics around Per-emb-50, a Class I source in the crowded star-forming region NGC 1333. Our goal is to study how the mass infall proceeds from envelope to disk scales in this source. Results. We discover a streamer delivering material toward Per-emb-50 in H$_2$CO and C$^{18}$O emission. The streamer's emission can be well described by the analytic solutions for an infalling parcel of gas along a streamline with conserved angular momentum, both in the image plane and along the line of sight velocities. The streamer has a mean infall rate of $1.3 \times 10^{ -6}$ M$_{ \odot}$ yr$^{ -1}$, $5 -10$ times higher than the current accretion rate of the protostar. SO and SO$_2$ emission reveal asymmetric infall motions in the inner envelope, additional to the streamer around Per-emb-50. Furthermore, the presence of SO$_2$ could mark the impact zone of the infalling material. Conclusions. The streamer delivers sufficient mass to sustain the protostellar accretion rate and might produce an accretion burst, which would explain the protostar's high luminosity with respect to other Class I sources. Our results highlight the importance of late infall for protostellar evolution: streamers might provide a significant amount of mass for stellar accretion after the Class 0 phase.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Adherence and violation of the equivalence principle from classical to quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Balsells, Joseph
name: Bojowald, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Investigation into the applicability of the equivalence principle in quantum mechanics has taken many forms, with varying conclusions. Here, a dynamical semi-classical description of a wave packet in terms of its center of mass and higher quantum fluctuations is applied to the case of a quantum particle in gravitational free fall. The analysis provides an intuitive account of the origin of mass-dependence in quantum-gravitational dynamics through an effective potential that enforces the uncertainty principle. This potential has two implications: (i) The lowest order quantum fluctuations encoding the width and spreading of the wave packet obey an uncertainty relation whose observance is mass-dependent. (ii) In an inhomogeneous gravitational field tidal effects couple the center of mass motion to the quantum fluctuations. The combined effect results in a clear demonstration of how some conceptions of the weak equivalence principle, based on mass dependence, are violated. The size of this violation is within sensitivities of current Eotvos and clock-based return time experiments.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures
Discriminatory experiences predict neuroanatomical changes and anxiety among healthy individuals and those at clinical high risk for psychosis
Creators: name: Chung, Y.
name: Cadenhead, K.S.
name: Seidman, L.J.
name: Tsuang, M.T.
name: Woods, S.W.
name: Mathalon, D.H.,
name: Bearden, C.E.
name: Walker, E.F.
name: Cannon, T.D.
name: Perkins, D.O.
name: Collins, M.A.
name: Cornblatt, B.A.
name: McGlashan, T.H.
name: Addington, J.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2021

description: Individuals face discrimination based on characteristics including race/ethnicity, gender, age, and disability. Discriminatory experiences (DE) are associated with poor psychological health in the general population and with worse outcomes among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). Though the brain is sensitive to stress, and brain structural change is a well-documented precursor to psychosis, potential relationships between DE and brain structure among CHR or healthy individuals are not known. This report assessed whether lifetime DE are associated with cortical thinning and clinical outcomes across time, after controlling for discrimination-related demographic factors among CHR individuals who ultimately do (N = 57) and do not convert to psychosis (N = 451), and healthy comparison (N = 208) participants in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 2. Results indicate that DE are associated with thinner cortex across time in several cortical areas. Thickness in several right hemisphere regions partially mediates associations between DE and subsequent anxiety symptoms, but not attenuated positive symptoms of psychosis. This report provides the first evidence to date of an association between DE and brain structure in both CHR and healthy comparison individuals. Results also suggest that thinner cortex across time in areas linked with DE may partially explain associations between DE and cross-diagnostic indicators of psychological distress.
Comparing second-order gravitational self-force, numerical relativity and effective one body waveforms from inspiralling, quasi-circular and nonspinning black hole binaries
Creators: name: Albertini, Angelica
name: Nagar, Alessandro
name: Pound, Adam
name: Warburton, Niels
name: Wardell, Barry
name: Durkan, Leanne
name: Miller, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first systematic comparison between gravitational waveforms emitted by inspiralling, quasi-circular and nonspinning black hole binaries computed with three different approaches: second-order gravitational self-force (2GSF) theory, as implemented in the 1PAT1 model; numerical relativity (NR), as implemented by the SXS collaboration; and the effective one body (EOB) formalism, as implemented in the TEOBResumS waveform model. To compare the models we use both a standard, time-domain waveform alignment and a gauge-invariant analysis based on the dimensionless function $Q_ω(ω)\equiv ω^2/\dotω$, where $ω$ is the gravitational wave frequency. We analyse the domain of validity of the 1PAT1 model, deriving error estimates and showing that the effects of the final transition to plunge, which the model neglects, extend over a significantly larger frequency interval than one might expect. Restricting to the inspiral regime, we find that, while for mass ratios $q = m_1/m_2\le 10$ TEOBResumS is largely indistinguishable from NR, 1PAT1 has a significant dephasing $\gtrsim 1$rad; conversely, for $q\gtrsim 100$, 1PAT1 is estimated to have phase errors $<0.1$rad on a large frequency interval, while TEOBResumS develops phase differences $\gtrsim1$rad with it. Most crucially, on that same large frequency interval we find good agreement between TEOBResumS and 1PAT1 in the intermediate regime $15\lesssim q\lesssim 64$, with $<0.5$rad dephasing between them. A simple modification to the TEOBResumS flux further improves this agreement for $q\gtrsim 30$, reducing the dephasing to $\approx0.27$rad even at $q=128$. Our results pave the way for the construction of GSF-informed EOB models for both intermediate and extreme mass ratio inspirals for the next generation of gravitational wave detectors.
description: 31 pages, 19 figures, published on Phys. Rev. D
Comparing second-order gravitational self-force and effective one body waveforms from inspiralling, quasi-circular and nonspinning black hole binaries II: the large-mass-ratio case
Creators: name: Albertini, Angelica
name: Nagar, Alessandro
name: Pound, Adam
name: Warburton, Niels
name: Wardell, Barry
name: Durkan, Leanne
name: Miller, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare recently computed waveforms from second-order gravitational self-force (GSF) theory to those generated by a new, GSF-informed, effective one body (EOB) waveform model for (spin-aligned, eccentric) inspiralling black hole binaries with large mass ratios. We focus on quasi-circular, nonspinning, configurations and perform detailed GSF/EOB waveform phasing comparisons, either in the time domain or via the gauge-invariant dimensionless function $Q_ω\equiv ω^2/\dotω$, where $ω$ is the gravitational wave frequency. The inclusion of high-PN test-mass terms within the EOB radiation reaction (notably, up to 22PN) is crucial to achieve an EOB/GSF phasing agreement below 1~rad up to the end of the inspiral for mass ratios up to 500. For larger mass ratios, up to $5\times 10^4$, the contribution of horizon absorption becomes more and more important and needs to be accurately modeled. Our results indicate that our GSF-informed EOB waveform model is a promising tool to describe waveforms generated by either intermediate or extreme mass ratio inspirals for future gravitational wave detectors
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, published on Phys. Rev. D
Potential Roles of Redox Dysregulation in the Development of Schizophrenia
Creators: name: Perkins, D.O.
name: Jeffries, C.D.
name: Do, K.Q.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Converging evidence implicates redox dysregulation as a pathological mechanism driving the emergence of psychosis. Increased oxidative damage and decreased capacity of intracellular redox modulatory systems are consistent findings in persons with schizophrenia as well as in persons at clinical high risk who subsequently developed frank psychosis. Levels of glutathione, a key regulator of cellular redox status, are reduced in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, and thalamus in schizophrenia. In humans with schizophrenia and in rodent models recapitulating various features of schizophrenia, redox dysregulation is linked to reductions of parvalbumin containing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons and volumes of their perineuronal nets, white matter abnormalities, and microglia activation. Importantly, the activity of transcription factors, kinases, and phosphatases regulating diverse aspects of neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity varies according to cellular redox state. Molecules regulating interneuron function under redox control include NMDA receptor subunits GluN1 and GluN2A as well as KEAP1 (regulator of transcription factor NRF2). In a rodent schizophrenia model characterized by impaired glutathione synthesis, the Gclm knockout mouse, oxidative stress activated MMP9 (matrix metalloprotease 9) via its redox-responsive regulatory sites, causing a cascade of molecular events leading to microglia activation, perineural net degradation, and impaired NMDA receptor function. Molecular pathways under redox control are implicated in the etiopathology of schizophrenia and are attractive drug targets for individualized drug therapy trials in the contexts of prevention and treatment of psychosis.
Fast & Efficient Learning of Bayesian Networks from Data: Knowledge Discovery and Causality
Creators: name: Sein, Minn
name: Shunkai, Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Structure learning is essential for Bayesian networks (BNs) as it uncovers causal relationships, and enables knowledge discovery, predictions, inferences, and decision-making under uncertainty. Two novel algorithms, FSBN and SSBN, based on the PC algorithm, employ local search strategy and conditional independence tests to learn the causal network structure from data. They incorporate d-separation to infer additional topology information, prioritize conditioning sets, and terminate the search immediately and efficiently. FSBN achieves up to 52% computation cost reduction, while SSBN surpasses it with a remarkable 72% reduction for a 200-node network. SSBN demonstrates further efficiency gains due to its intelligent strategy. Experimental studies show that both algorithms match the induction quality of the PC algorithm while significantly reducing computation costs. This enables them to offer interpretability and adaptability while reducing the computational burden, making them valuable for various applications in big data analytics.
Rayleigh scattering from hydrogen atoms including resonances and high photon energies
Creators: name: Rohrmann, René D.
name: Rueda, Matías Vera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-relativistic cross section from Rayleigh scattering by hydrogen atoms in the ground state is calculated over a wide range of photon energies ($< 0.8$ keV). Evaluations are performed in terms of the real and imaginary components of the atomic polarizability. The sum over intermediate states that characterizes this second-order radiative process is performed using exact analytic expressions for oscillator strengths of bound and continuum states. Damping terms associated with the finite lifetimes of excited states and their splitting into two fine-structure levels ($p_{1/2}$ and $p_{3/2}$) are taken into account in resonance cross sections. Fitting formulas required for cross-section evaluation are presented for incident photon energy i) redward of the first resonance (Lyman-$α_{1/2}$), ii) in the spectral region corresponding to resonances (for an arbitrary number of them), and iii) above the ionization threshold.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Persistence of Monoclinic Crystal Structure in Three-Dimensional Second-Order Topological Insulator Candidate 1T'-MoTe2 Thin Flake without Structural Phase transition
Creators: name: Su, Bo
name: Huang, Yuan
name: Hou, Yan Hui
name: Li, Jiawei
name: Yang, Rong
name: Ma, Yongchang
name: Yang, Yang
name: Zhang, Guangyu
name: Zhou, Xingjiang
name: Luo, Jianlin
name: Chen, Zhi-Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A van der Waals material, MoTe2 with a monoclinic 1T' crystal structure is a candidate for three-dimensional (3D) second-order topological insulators (SOTIs) hosting gapless hinge states and insulating surface states. However, due to the temperature-induced structural phase transition, the monoclinic 1T' structure of MoTe2 would be transformed into the orthorhombic Td structure as the temperature is lowered, which hinders the experimental verification and the electronic applications of the predicted SOTI state at low temperatures. Here, we present systematic Raman spectroscopy studies of the exfoliated MoTe2 thin flakes with variable thicknesses at different temperatures. As a spectroscopic signature of the orthorhombic Td structure of MoTe2, the out-of-plane vibration mode D at ~ 125 cm-1 is always visible below a certain temperature in the multilayer flakes thicker than ~ 27.7 nm, but vanishes in the temperature range from 80 K to 320 K when the flake thickness becomes lower than ~ 19.5 nm. The absence of the out-of-plane vibration mode D in the Raman spectra here demonstrates not only the disappearance of the monoclinic-to-orthorhombic phase transition but also the persistence of the monoclinic 1T' structure in the MoTe2 thin flakes thinner than ~ 19.5 nm at low temperatures down to 80 K, which may be caused by the high enough density of the holes introduced during the gold-enhanced exfoliation process and exposure to air. The MoTe2 thin flakes with the low-temperature monoclinic 1T' structure provide a material platform for realizing SOTI states in van der Waals materials at low temperatures, which paves the way for developing a new generation of electronic devices based on SOTIs.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Canonical center and relative coordinates for compact binary systems through second post-Newtonian order
Creators: name: Georg, Ira
name: Schäfer, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a recent paper by Rothe and Schäfer on compact binary systems, explicit expressions for canonical center and relative coordinates in terms of standard canonical coordinates are derived for spinless objects up to second post-Newtonian approximation of Einstein's theory of gravity. The inverse relations, i.e. the dependence of the standard canonical coordinates on the canonical center and relative coordinates, are also given up to the second post-Newtonian approximation. The famous Pythagorean-theorem-type Lorentz-invariant relation between the system's total energy or Hamiltonian squared, the rest energy or mass squared - solely depending on relative coordinates -, and the total linear momentum squared are explicitly shown through second post-Newtonian approximation.
description: Improvements in the text