cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Cosmic Mach Number: Comparison from Observations, Numerical Simulations and Nonlinear Predictions
Creators: name: Agarwal, Shankar
name: Feldman, Hume A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the cosmic Mach number M - the ratio of the bulk flow of the velocity field on scale R to the velocity dispersion within regions of scale R. M is effectively a measure of the ratio of large-scale to small-scale power and can be a useful tool to constrain the cosmological parameter space. Using a compilation of existing peculiar velocity surveys, we calculate M and compare it to that estimated from mock catalogues extracted from the LasDamas (a LCDM cosmology) numerical simulations. We find agreement with expectations for the LasDamas cosmology at ~ 1.5 sigma CL. We also show that our Mach estimates for the mocks are not biased by selection function effects. To achieve this, we extract dense and nearly-isotropic distributions using Gaussian selection functions with the same width as the characteristic depth of the real surveys, and show that the Mach numbers estimated from the mocks are very similar to the values based on Gaussian profiles of the corresponding widths. We discuss the importance of the survey window functions in estimating their effective depths. We investigate the nonlinear matter power spectrum interpolator PkANN as an alternative to numerical simulations, in the study of Mach number.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
Impact of casinos on residential property values: Henderson, Nevada
Creators: name: Giannini, Barbara Kozarich
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1996

description: This thesis examines whether residential property values are affected by proximity to gaming establishments. Using a sample of houses from Henderson, Nevada, a hedonic price model is employed to relate residential sales prices to individual housing characteristics, including proximity to the nearest gaming establishment. Results indicate that proximity to gaming establishments do indeed lower residential property values. Further, it appears that larger gaming establishments have a larger impact on prices than smaller ones in Old HenderSon
Capacity of countries to reduce biological invasions
Creators: name: Latombe, Guillaume
name: Seebens, Hanno
name: Lenzner, Bernd
name: Courchamp, Franck
name: Dullinger, Stefan
name: Golivets, Marina
name: Kühn, Ingolf
name: Leung, Brian
name: Roura-Pascual, Nuria
name: Jeschke, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental performance
subject: Established alien species
subject: Governance
subject: Innovation
subject: Lifestyle
subject: Scenarios
subject: Trade
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The extent and impacts of biological invasions on biodiversity are largely shaped by an array of socio-economic and environmental factors, which exhibit high variation among countries. Yet, a global analysis of how these factors vary across countries is currently lacking. Here, we investigate how five broad, country-specific socio-economic and environmental indices (Governance, Trade, Environmental Performance, Lifestyle and Education, Innovation) explain country-level (1) established alien species (EAS) richness of eight taxonomic groups, and (2) proactive or reactive capacity to prevent and manage biological invasions and their impacts. These indices underpin many aspects of the invasion process, including the introduction, establishment, spread and management of alien species. They are also general enough to enable a global comparison across countries, and are therefore essential for defining future scenarios for biological invasions. Models including Trade, Governance, Lifestyle and Education, or a combination of these, best explained EAS richness across taxonomic groups and national proactive or reactive capacity. Historical (1996 or averaged over 1996–2015) levels of Governance and Trade better explained both EAS richness and the capacity of countries to manage invasions than more recent (2015) levels, revealing a historical legacy with important implications for the future of biological invasions. Using Governance and Trade to define a two-dimensional socio-economic space in which the position of a country captures its capacity to address issues of biological invasions, we identified four main clusters of countries in 2015. Most countries had an increase in Trade over the past 25 years, but trajectories were more geographically heterogeneous for Governance. Declines in levels of Governance are concerning as they may be responsible for larger levels of invasions in the future. By identifying the factors influencing EAS richness and the regions most susceptible to changes in these factors, our results provide novel insights to integrate biological invasions into scenarios of biodiversity change to better inform decision-making for policy and the management of biological invasions.
Contesting the commons: Race, ethnicity, class, occupation, and environment in Central Nevada, 1850-1880
Creators: name: Frehner, Brian Wesley
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1996

description: This thesis tells a story of resource competition in central Nevada primarily between two groups--Shoshone Indians who inhabited the region for centuries and European Americans who arrived in the nineteenth century. Although people who competed for control of the region's pinion pine trees generally fell into either of these categories, the labels of Indian and European grossly oversimplify the diversity within each group. Both Shoshone and Europeans comprised a variety of sub-groupings that utilized resources in a distinct manner and for purposes that often differed from those of the larger population. A number of different Shoshone bands and families competed against each other for food resources but particularly for pine nuts. Among Europeans, a variety of different racial, ethnic, class, and occupational groups competed for the same timber resources. These included middle- and working-class Italian immigrants, upper class businessmen and industrialists, as well as miners. Conflict intensified among these diverse segments of the population and between Indians and Europeans as natural resources diminished.
Parting the bamboo curtain: The enigmatic political and strategic quest of Richard Nixon for detente with Communist China
Creators: name: Harrison, Ian C
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1996

description: President Richard Nixon's decision to unofficially recognize Communist China during the early 1970s represented an apparently sudden political and strategic turnabout for both he and the United States. After decades of virulent anti-Communism upon which a meteoric political career was built, Nixon, faced with mounting domestic pressures to end the Vietnam War and the necessity of obtaining policy concessions from the Soviet Union, embarked upon a course of detente with Mainland China that seemed to completely contradict his hawkish, Cold Warrior image. Far from being a strictly political maneuver in the months leading to the 1972 presidential election, Nixon's decision was instead a pragmatic, geopolitical strategy designed as much to pressure the U.S.S.R. and balance the power in Asia as it was to bring the Chinese back into the world community of nations. Richard Nixon's conservative background made the decision and subsequent Peking summit possible, as did his diplomatic partnership with Henry Kissinger.
A hybrid RANS model of wing-body junction flow
Creators: name: Rona, Aldo
name: El-Dosoky, Mohammed F. F.
name: Adebayo, David S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90101 Aerodynamics (excl. Hypersonic Aerodynamics)
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Aerospace Engineering
subject: 91501 Computational Fluid Dynamics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: The three-dimensional flow separation over the Rood wing-body junction is an exemplar application of separation affecting many important flows in turbomachinery and aerodynamics. Conventional Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) methods struggle to reproduce the complexity of this flow. In this paper, an unconventional use is made of a hybrid Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) model to tackle this challenge. The hybridization technique combines the Menter 𝑘 − 𝜔 − SST model with the one equation sub-grid scale (SGS) model by Yoshizawa through a blending function, based on the wall-normal distance. The hybrid RANS turbulence closure captured most of the flow features reported in past experiments with reasonable accuracy. The model captured also the small secondary vortex at the corner ahead of the wing nose and at the trailing edge. This feature is scarcely documented in the literature. The study highlights the importance of the spatial resolution near the wing leading edge, where this localised secondary recirculation was observed by the hybrid RANS model. It also provides evidence on the applicability of the hybrid Menter and Yoshizawa turbulence closure to the wing-body junction flows in aircraft and turbomachines, where the flows are characterised by a substantially time-invariant three-dimensional separation.
Towards coherence on sustainability in education: a systematic review of Whole Institution Approaches
Creators: name: Holst, Jorrit
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Whole institution approach
subject: Whole school approach
subject: Education for sustainable development
subject: Institutional coherence
subject: Hidden curriculum
subject: Sustainability
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Orienting societies towards sustainability requires comprehensive learning of how to think, act and live within a safe and just space for humanity. Approaching sustainability as a core paradigm of quality education in the twenty-first century, Education for Sustainable Development necessitates an integrated view on learning. For educational organizations, Whole Institution Approaches (WIAs) to sustainability emphasize that all learning is embedded within its socio-physical contexts. Although the core objective—to “walk the talk” on sustainability—is theoretically well established, questions remain regarding its specific conceptualizations. Based on a systematic qualitative analysis of 104 international documents from scientific and grey literature, this article offers a conceptual synthesis of the core elements of WIAs to sustainability in education. Based on the literature analysis, WIAs are described as continuous and participative organizational learning processes aimed at institutional coherence on sustainability, consistently linking the formal and informal (hidden) curricula. While specific pathways are necessary for diverse organizations, the article synthesizes a joint framework. Key characteristics of WIAs are clustered within five core principles (coherence, continuous learning, participation, responsibility, long-term commitment), seven highly integrated areas of action (governance, curriculum, campus, community, research, communication, capacity building), the underlying organizational culture, and critical conditions for successful implementation. As becomes clear from the synthesis, following a WIA means to collaboratively switch the default mode of all rules-in-use to sustainability. The concept of WIAs may thus both be approached as an instrument for consistent organizational development in light of (un-)sustainability and as a keystone of integrated high-quality sustainability learning.
XMM-Newton Observations of Luminous Sources in the Nearby Galaxies: NGC 4395, NGC 4736, and NGC 4258
Creators: name: Akyuz, A.
name: Kayaci, S.
name: Avdan, H.
name: Ozel, M. E.
name: Sonbas, E.
name: Balman, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a study of the non-nuclear discrete sources in a sample of three nearby spiral galaxies (NGC 4395, NGC 4736, and NGC 4258) based on XMM-Newton archival data supplemented with Chandra data for spectral and timing analyses. A total of 75 X-ray sources has been detected within the D25 regions of the target galaxies. The large collecting area of XMM-Newton makes the statistics sufficient to obtain spectral fitting for 16 (about 20%) of these sources. Compiling the extensive archival exposures available, we were able to obtain the detailed spectral shapes of diverse classes of point sources. We have also studied temporal properties of these luminous sources. 11 of them are found to show short-term (less than 80 ks) variation while 8 of them show long-term variation within factors of ~ 2 to 5 during a time interval of ~ 2 to 12 years. Timing analysis provides strong evidence that most of these sources are accreting X-ray binary (XRB) systems. One source that has properties different than others was suspected to be a Supernova Remnant (SNR), and our follow-up optical observation confirmed it. Our results indicate that sources within the three nearby galaxies are showing a variety of source populations, including several Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources (ULXs), X-ray binaries (XRBs), transients together with a Super Soft Source (SSS) and a background Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) candidate.
description: 29 pages, 12 Figures; Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Detection of a magnetic field in three old and inactive solar-like planet-hosting stars
Creators: name: Fossati, L.
name: Kochukhov, O.
name: Jenkins, J. S.
name: Stancliffe, R. J.
name: Haswell, C. A.
name: Elmasli, A.
name: Nickson, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our understanding of magnetic fields in late-type stars is strongly driven by what we know of the solar magnetic field. For this reason, it is crucial to understand how typical the solar dynamo is. To do this we need to compare the solar magnetic field with that of other stars as similar to the Sun as possible, both in stellar parameters and age, hence activity. We present here the detection of a magnetic field in three planet-hosting solar-like stars having a mass, age, and activity level comparable to that of the Sun. We used the HARPSpol spectropolarimeter to obtain high-resolution high-quality circularly polarised spectra of HD 70642, HD 117207, and HD 154088, using the Least-Squares Deconvolution technique to detect the magnetic field. From the Stokes I spectra, we calculated the logR activity index for each star. We compared the position of the stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram to evolutionary tracks, to estimate their mass and age. We used the lithium abundance, derived from the Stokes I spectra, to further constrain the ages. We obtained a definite magnetic field detection for both HD 70642 and HD 154088, while for HD 117207 we obtained a marginal detection. Due to the lower signal-to-noise ratio of the observations, we were unable to detect the magnetic field in the second set of observations available for HD 117207 and HD 154088. On the basis of effective temperature, mass, age, and activity level the three stars can be considered solar analogs. HD 70642, HD 117207, and HD 154088 are ideal targets for a comparative study between the solar magnetic field and that of solar analogs.
description: 5 pages. Accepted for publication in A&A
Rethinking intelligence practices and processes: three sociological concepts for the study of intelligence
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Sophia
name: Chalati, Noura
name: Dogan, Ali
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: study of intelligence
subject: sociological concepts
subject: practices and processes
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Recently, a small but growing number of intelligence scholars has called for more methodological variety in the study of intelligence. In this article, we connect with the emerging discussion about the utility of sociological approaches and discuss three influential sociological concepts, namely ‘epistemic communities’, ‘transnational fields’ and ‘knowledge circulation’ for understanding international intelligence relations. We apply each concept to an empirical example from our research on German-Arab intelligence relations during the Cold War. The paper concludes that the concepts highlight the everyday life and social embeddedness of shared and transnational intelligence practices and processes.
Mortuary practices on children
Creators: name: Fox, Stephanie Jo
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1996

description: This study is a reevaluation of past theories that recommend the use of mortuary practices to determine rank within cultures as applied to children. A comparative study of 40 cultures world wide is conducted using the Human Relation Area Files for ethnographic examples of mortuary practices. Funerary and mourning rituals performed for both children and adults are studied to see how the deceased's social position affects mortuary treatment. Thirteen of 26 egalitarian cultures that yielded information have funerary and mourning rituals that are the same or very similar for both adults and children. With thirteen remaining egalitarian cultures the data indicates that once a child has been initiated into the community, treatment upon death is similar to that of adults. The treatment of a dead child is determined by variables independent of rank, such as grief, initiation into the group, or the importance of children to the group's survival.
Chain conformation of ring polymers under a cylindrical nanochannel confinement
Creators: name: Sheng, Junfang
name: Luo, Kaifu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We investigate the chain conformation of ring polymers confined to a cylindrical nanochannel using both theoretical analysis and three dimensional Langevin dynamics simulations. We predict that the longitudinal size of a ring polymer scales with the chain length and the diameter of the channel in the same manner as that for linear chains based on scaling analysis and Flory-type theory. Moreover, Flory-type theory also gives the ratio of the longitudinal sizes for a ring polymer and a linear chain with identical chain length. These theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations. Finally, our simulation results show that this ratio first decreases and then saturates with increasing the chain stiffness, which has interpreted the discrepancy in experiments. Our results have biological significance.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Shocks, cooling and the origin of star formation rates in spiral galaxies
Creators: name: Bonnell, Ian A.
name: Dobbs, Clare L.
name: Smith, Rowan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding star formation is problematic as it originates in the large scale dynamics of a galaxy but occurs on the small scale of an individual star forming event. This paper presents the first numerical simulations to resolve the star formation process on sub-parsec scales, whilst also following the dynamics of the interstellar medium (ISM) on galactic scales. In these models, the warm low density ISM gas flows into the spiral arms where orbit crowding produces the shock formation of dense clouds, held together temporarily by their external pressure. Cooling allows the gas to be compressed to sufficiently high densities that local regions collapse under their own gravity and form stars. The star formation rates follow a Schmidt-Kennicutt Σ_{SFR} ~ Σ_{gas}^{1.4} type relation with the local surface density of gas while following a linear relation with the cold and dense gas. Cooling is the primary driver of star formation and the star formation rates as it determines the amount of cold gas available for gravitational collapse. The star formation rates found in the simulations are offset to higher values relative to the extragalactic values, implying a constant reduction, such as from feedback or magnetic fields, is likely to be required. Intriguingly, it appears that a spiral or other convergent shock and the accompanying thermal instability can explain how star formation is triggered, generate the physical conditions of molecular clouds and explain why star formation rates are tightly correlated to the gas properties of galaxies.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures. MNRAS in press
Th2 and metabolic responses to nematodes are independent of prolonged host microbiota abrogation
Creators: name: Elizalde-Velázquez, Luis E.
name: Yordanova, Ivet A.
name: Liublin, Wjatscheslaw
name: Adjah, Joshua
name: Leben, Ruth
name: Rausch, Sebastian
name: Niesner, Raluca
name: Hartmann, Susanne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: antibiotic
subject: FLIM
subject: H. polygyrus
subject: metabolism
subject: microbiota
subject: NAD(P)H
subject: Th2 response
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Antibiotic treatment can lead to elimination of both pathogenic bacteria and beneficial commensals, as well as to altered host immune responses. Here, we investigated the influence of prolonged antibiotic treatment (Abx) on effector, memory and recall Th2 immune responses during the primary infection, memory phase and secondary infection with the small intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Abx treatment significantly reduced gut bacterial loads, but neither worm burdens, nor worm fecundity in primary infection were affected, only worm burdens in secondary infection were elevated in Abx treated mice. Abx mice displayed trends for elevated effector and memory Th2 responses during primary infection, but overall frequencies of Th2 cells in the siLP, PEC, mLN and in the spleen were similar between Abx treated and untreated groups. Gata3+ effector and memory Th2 cytokine responses also remained unimpaired by prolonged Abx treatment. Similarly, the energy production and defence mechanisms of the host tissue and the parasite depicted by NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) did not change by the prolonged use of antibiotics. We show evidence that the host Th2 response to intestinal nematodes, as well as host and parasite metabolic pathways are robust and remain unimpaired by host microbiota abrogation.
Quality in the travel experience of German charter visitors: The case of Las Vegas
Creators: name: Erstad, Margaret
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1996

description: The purpose of this study was to research the characteristics and behavior of a group of overseas visitors to Las Vegas, measure the travel experience perceptions regarding quality of the group, identify areas where importance perceptions were greater than quality perceptions, and relate quality in the travel experience to intended future behavior; The group studied consisted of visitors from Germany traveling by charter airline directly to Las Vegas. Germany was the country of origin of the largest number of overseas visitors to Las Vegas in 1993; Five hypotheses were tested covering three areas: gambling behavior, quality related to intended future behavior, and differences between first-time and repeat visitors; The study provides information for tourism organizations and hospitality businesses in contact with overseas visitor for marketing purposes and for the preparation of brochures informing visitors about Las Vegas. The study also identifies areas which offer the greatest opportunity for quality advancements.
A highly unequal-mass eclipsing M-dwarf binary in the WFCAM Transit Survey
Creators: name: Nefs, S. V.
name: Birkby, J. L.
name: Snellen, I. A. G.
name: Hodgkin, S. T.
name: Sipocz, B. M.
name: Kovacs, G.
name: Mislis, D.
name: Pinfield, D. J.
name: Martin, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present the discovery of a highly unequal-mass eclipsing M-dwarf binary, providing a unique constraint on binary star formation theory and on evolutionary models for low-mass binary stars. The binary is discovered using high- precision infrared light curves from the WFCAM Transit Survey (WTS) and has an orbital period of 2.44 d. We find stellar masses of M1 = 0.53 (0.02) Msun and M2 = 0.143 (0.006) Msun (mass ratio 0.27), and radii of R1 = 0.51 (0.01) Rsun and R2 = 0.174 (0.006) Rsun. This puts the companion in a very sparsely sampled and important late M-dwarf mass-regime. Since both stars share the same age and metallicity and straddle the theoretical boundary between fully and partially convective stellar interiors, a comparison can be made to model predictions over a large range of M-dwarf masses using the same model isochrone. Both stars appear to have a slightly inflated radius compared to 1 Gyr model predictions for their masses, but future work is needed to properly account for the effects of star spots on the light curve solution. A significant, subsynchronous, ~2.56 d signal with ~2% peak-to-peak amplitude is detected in the WFCAM light curve, which we attribute to rotational modulation of cool star spots. We propose that the subsynchronous rotation is either due to a stable star-spot complex at high latitude on the (magnetically active) primary (i.e. differential rotation), or to additional magnetic braking, or to interaction of the binary with a third body or circumbinary disk during its pre-main-sequence phase.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, March 4 22 pages, 10 figures
Third harmonic generation in graphene and few-layer graphite films
Creators: name: Kumar, Nardeep
name: Kumar, Jatinder
name: Gerstenkorn, Chris
name: Wang, Rui
name: Chiu, Hsin-Ying
name: Smirl, Arthur L.
name: Zhao, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe optical third harmonic generation from graphene and few-layer graphite flakes produced by exfoliation. The emission scales with the cube of the intensity of the incident near-infrared femtosecond pulses and has a wavelength that is one-third of the incident wavelength, both consistent with third harmonic generation. We extract an effective third-order susceptibility for graphene that is on the order of 1e-16 square meter per square volt, which is comparable to that for materials that are resonantly excited, but larger than for materials that are transparent at the fundamental and third harmonic wavelengths. By measuring a set of flakes with different numbers of atomic layers, we find that the emission scales with the square of the number of atomic layers, which suggests that the susceptibility of graphene is independent of layer number, at least for a few layers.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Interfaces with Fluorinated Amphiphiles: Superstructures and Microfluidics
Creators: name: Junge, Florian
name: Lee, Pin-Wei
name: Singh, Abhishek Kumar
name: Wasternack, Janos
name: Pachnicz, Michał P.
name: Haag, Rainer
name: Schalley, Christoph
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Aggregation
subject: Amphiphiles
subject: Fluorous
subject: microfluidics
subject: Surfactants
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The present mini-review discusses recent developments in research on interfacial phenomena of fluorinated amphiphiles, focusing on applications that exploit the unique and manifold interfacial properties associated with these amphiphiles. Most notably, fluorinated amphiphiles form stable aggregates with often distinctly different morphologies than their non-fluorinated counterparts. Consequently, fluorinated surfactants have found wide use in high-performance applications such as microfluidic-assisted screening. Additionally, their fluorine-specific behaviour at the solid/liquid interface, such as the formation of superhydrophobic coatings after deposition on surfaces, will be discussed. As fluorinated surfactants and perfluorinated materials in general pose potential environmental threats, recent developments in their remediation based on their adsorption onto fluorinated surfaces will be evaluated.
In Silico Partial N2 to NH3 Conversion with a Light Atom Molecule
Creators: name: Mebs, Stefan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nitrogen Splitting
subject: Peri-Systems
subject: Frustrated Lewis Pairs
subject: Density Functional Theory
subject: Real-Space Bonding Indicators
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: N2 can be stepwise converted in silico into one molecule NH3 and a secondary amide with a bond activator molecule consisting only of light main group elements. The proposed N2-activating pincer-related compound carries a silyl ion (Si(+)) center as well as three Lewis acidic (–BF2) and three Lewis basic (–PMe2) sites, providing an efficient binding pocket for gaseous N2 within the framework of intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP). In addition, it exhibits supportive secondary P–B and F…B contacts, which stabilize the structure. In the PSi(+)–N–N–BP environment the N≡N triple bond is extended from 1.09 Å to remarkable 1.43 Å, resembling a N–N single bond. The strongly activated N–N-fragment is prone to subsequent hydride addition and protonation steps, resulting in the energy efficient transfer of two hydrogen equivalents. The next hydride added causes the release of one molecule NH3, but leaves the ligand system as poisoned R3Si(+)–NH2–PMe2 or R3Si(+)-NH3 dead-end states behind. The study indicates that approximately tetrahedral constrained SiBP2-pockets are capable to activate N2, whereas the acid-rich SiB3- and SiB2P-pocktes, as well as the base-rich SiP3-pockets fail, hinting towards the high relevance of the acid-base proportion and relative orientation. The electronic structure of the N2-activated state is compared to the corresponding state of a recently published peri-substituted bond activator molecule featuring a PSi(+)–N–N–Si(+)P site (Mebs & Beckmann 2022).
Detection and size measurement of individual hemozoin nanocrystals in aquatic environment using a whispering gallery mode resonator
Creators: name: Kim, Woosung
name: Ozdemir, Sahin Kaya
name: Zhu, Jiangang
name: Faraz, Monifi
name: Coban, Cevayir
name: Yang, Lan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We, for the first time, report the detection and the size measurement of single nanoparticles (i.e. polystyrene) in aquatic environment using mode splitting in a whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical resonator, namely a microtoroid resonator. Using this method we achieved detecting and measuring individual synthetic hemozoin nanocrystals, which are a hemoglobin degradation by-product of malarial parasites, dispersed in a solution or in air. The results of size measurement in solution and in air agree with each other and with those obtained using scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering. Moreover, we compare the sensing capabilities of the degenerate (single resonance) and non-degenerate (split mode, doublet) operation regimes of the WGM resonator.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, 37 references
The MerR-family regulator NmlR is involved in the defense against oxidative stress in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Creators: name: Fritsch, Verena Nadin
name: Linzner, Nico
name: Busche, Tobias
name: Said, Nelly
name: Weise, Christoph
name: Kalinowski, Jörn
name: Wahl, Markus C.
name: Antelmann, Haike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: H2O2
subject: HOCl
subject: NmlR
subject: Streptococcus pneumoniae
subject: thiol switches
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Streptococcus pneumoniae has to cope with the strong oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), during host–pathogen interactions. Thus, we analyzed the global gene expression profile of S. pneumoniae D39 towards HOCl stress. In the RNA-seq transcriptome, the NmlR, SifR, CtsR, HrcA, SczA and CopY regulons and the etrx1-ccdA1-msrAB2 operon were most strongly induced under HOCl stress, which participate in the oxidative, electrophile and metal stress response in S. pneumoniae. The MerR-family regulator NmlR harbors a conserved Cys52 and controls the alcohol dehydrogenase-encoding adhC gene under carbonyl and NO stress. We demonstrated that NmlR senses also HOCl stress to activate transcription of the nmlR-adhC operon. HOCl-induced transcription of adhC required Cys52 of NmlR in vivo. Using mass spectrometry, NmlR was shown to be oxidized to intersubunit disulfides or S-glutathionylated under oxidative stress in vitro. A broccoli-FLAP-based assay further showed that both NmlR disulfides significantly increased transcription initiation at the nmlR promoter by RNAP in vitro, which depends on Cys52. Phenotype analyses revealed that NmlR functions in the defense against oxidative stress and promotes survival of S. pneumoniae during macrophage infections. In conclusion, NmlR was characterized as HOCl-sensing transcriptional regulator, which activates transcription of adhC under oxidative stress by thiol switches in S. pneumoniae.
Timing of pulsars found in a deep Parkes multibeam survey
Creators: name: Lorimer, D. R.
name: Camilo, F.
name: McLaughlin, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out a sensitive radio pulsar survey along the northern Galactic plane ($50^{\circ} < l < 60^{\circ}$ and $|b| \lapp 2^{\circ}$) using the Parkes 20-cm multibeam system. We observed each position for 70-min on two separate epochs. Our analyses to date have so far resulted in the detection of 32 pulsars, of which 17 were previously unknown. Here we summarize the observations and analysis and present the timing observations of 11 pulsars and discovery parameters for a further 6 pulsars. We also present a timing solution for the 166-ms bursting pulsar, PSR~J1938+2213, previously discovered during an Arecibo drift-scan survey. Our survey data for this pulsar show that the emission can be described by a steady pulse component with bursting emission, which lasts for typically 20--25 pulse periods, superposed. Other new discoveries are the young 80.1-ms pulsar PSR~J1935+2025 which exhibits a significant amount of unmodeled low-frequency noise in its timing residuals, and the 4.2-ms pulsar PSR~J1935+1726 which is in a low-mass binary system with a 90.7-day circular orbit.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Bistability and chaos at low-level of quanta
Creators: name: Gevorgyan, T. V.
name: Shahinyan, A. R.
name: Chew, Lock Yue
name: Kryuchkyan, G. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study nonlinear phenomena of bistability and chaos at a level of few quanta. For this purpose we consider a single-mode dissipative oscillator with strong Kerr nonlinearity with respect to dissipation rate driven by a monochromatic force as well as by a train of Gaussian pulses. The quantum effects and decoherence in oscillatory mode are investigated on the framework of the purity of states and the Wigner functions calculated from the master equation. We demonstrate the quantum chaotic regime by means of a comparison between the contour plots of the Wigner functions and the strange attractors on the classical Poincaré section. Considering bistability at low-limit of quanta, we analyze what is the minimal level of excitation numbers at which the bistable regime of the system is displayed? We also discuss the formation of oscillatory chaotic regime by varying oscillatory excitation numbers at ranges of few quanta. We demonstrate quantum-interference phenomena that are assisted hysteresis-cycle behavior and quantum chaos for the oscillator driven by the train of Gaussian pulses as well as we establish the border of classical-quantum correspondence for chaotic regimes in the case of strong nonlinearities.
description: 10 pages, 14 figures
Editorial: v14 n2
Creators: name: Ribas, Daniel
name: Coutinho, Maria
name: Natálio, Carlos
name: Amorim, João Pedro
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts
Year: 2022

description: This new issue of the Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts intends to survey photography as visual arts practice in the contemporary world. The discipline, which has now a long history, is faced with new problems, mostly because of the status of the image in a new media landscape overwhelmed by the misuse and abuse of images.
description: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts, v. 14 n. 2 (2022): Post-Photographic Truths: Poetics Vs Politics
Global short wave solar radiation monitoring system GLOB
Creators: name: Sikora, Sebastian Dominik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The Arctic region presents numerous challenges for human presence, ranging from constructing on thawing permafrost to ensuring adequate food supplies. However, one of the most pressing challenges revolves around energy sources, encompassing both heat and electricity supply. Arctic settlements are typically considered off-grid systems, necessitating the development of systems of locally generated energy that are both reliable and sustainable.
The goal of GLOB is to measure solar irradiation on as many as possible array planes to verify recorded values with modeled. Due to technical and costs limitations a sphere with 26 faces called rhombicuboctahedron has been pointed as most suitable for this project.
Untersuchung der Wiederverwendbarkeit von FFP2-Masken im Kontext von COVID-19 anhand der Parameter Filterleistung und Atemwiderstand
Creators: name: Azizi, Hamid
name: Schwarzbauer, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Covid-19, FFP2, Corona

description: Im Verlauf der COVID19-Pandemie wurden FFP2-Masken oder vergleichbare Masken in Deutschland und vielen anderen Ländern vermehrt zum Infektionsschutz eingesetzt. Obwohl FFP2-Masken als Einweg-Produkt konzipiert sind, werden sie im privaten Bereich häufig über einen längeren Zeitraum wiederverwendet. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es deshalb zu untersuchen, ob die Schutzwirkung von FFP2-Masken nachlässt, wenn diese über einen längeren Zeitraum wiederverwendet werden. Dazu wurde die Filterleistung und der Atemwiderstand von 15 in Deutschland erhältlichen FFP2-Maskenmodellen vor und nach einer 22-stündiger Gebrauchssimulation untersucht, in welcher Langzeitnutzung und Atmung bei einer leichten körperlichen Arbeit nachgestellt wurden. Im Rahmen der Gebrauchssimulation wurden die Masken auch zweimal bei trockener Hitze für 60 Minuten bei 80°C dekontaminiert. Bei 8 der 15 der untersuchten FFP2-Maskenmodelle führte die Gebrauchssimulation zu einer signifikanten Abnahme (p < 0,05) der Filterleistung. Die gemessenen Werte lagen aber noch im geforderten Bereich der Norm (DIN EN 149:2009-08). Ein Masken-Modell („Mea Vita“) erfüllte weder im fabrikneuen Zustand noch nach der Gebrauchssimulation die Vorgaben der Norm. Was den Atemwiderstand anbelangt, erfüllte ein Maskenmodell („Altapharma“) nicht die Vorgaben der Norm, sowohl im fabrikneuen Zustand als auch nach der Gebrauchssimulation. Ein weiteres Maskenmodell („Leikang“) lag erst nach der Gebrauchssimulation über dem in der Norm festgelegten Grenzwert.
Prompt Photon A_N with the PHENIX MPC-EX Detector
Creators: name: Lajoie, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PHENIX MPC-EX detector is a Si-W preshower extension to the existing Muon Piston Calorimeters (MPC). Covering the pseudorapidity range 3.1
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, contributed talk to Spin 2012 (Dubna)
Frank Norris's "McTeague" and popular culture
Creators: name: Fowler, Ruby M
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 1996

description: Popular culture consists of the events and artifacts of which everyday life is composed. In McTeague: A Story of San Francisco, the popular culture of 1890's working class San Franciscans is reported by Frank Norris with scrupulous accuracy. In twentieth century versions of McTeague, popular culture continues to be employed in innovative ways. Erich von Stroheim in Greed expands on Norris's use of popular culture in an attempt to create on film a mirror reflection of life. In the opera McTeague, William Bolcom and Robert Altman combine popular culture with elite culture in unconventional ways to bring the story to the musical stage. Finally, on television, in The Real McTeague, unconventional techniques are employed by Robert Altman to tell a multimedia tale with a moral.
The Dynamics of Rapid Fracture: Instabilities, Nonlinearities and Length Scales
Creators: name: Bouchbinder, Eran
name: Goldman, Tamar
name: Fineberg, Jay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The failure of materials and interfaces is mediated by cracks, nearly singular dissipative structures that propagate at velocities approaching the speed of sound. Crack initiation and subsequent propagation -- the dynamic process of fracture -- couples a wide range of time and length scales. Crack dynamics challenge our understanding of the fundamental physics processes that take place in the extreme conditions within the nearly singular region where material failure occurs. Here, we first briefly review the classic approach to dynamic fracture, "Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics" (LEFM), and discuss its successes and limitations. We show how, on the one hand, recent experiments performed on straight cracks propagating in soft brittle materials have quantitatively confirmed the predictions of this theory to an unprecedented degree. On the other hand, these experiments show how LEFM breaks down as the singular region at the tip of a crack is approached. This breakdown naturally leads to a new theoretical framework coined "Weakly Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics", where weak elastic nonlinearities are incorporated. The stronger singularity predicted by this theory gives rise to a new and intrinsic length scale, $\ell_{nl}$. These predictions are verified in detail through direct measurements. We then theoretically and experimentally review how the emergence of $\ell_{nl}$ is linked to a new equation for crack motion, which predicts the existence of a high-speed oscillatory crack instability whose wave-length is determined by $\ell_{nl}$. We conclude by delineating outstanding challenges in the field.
description: An invited review submitted to "Reports on Progress in Physics"
Cultivating Property
Creators: name: Moreno, Joaquim
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts
Year: 2022

description: This article talks about the anonymous contributions to a fuller practice of the right to the city: the right to a qualified—and let’s add, nutritive—urban environment. In this essay, Moreno argues that these gardens are alien to forms of finding sustenance without cultivation and to dominant social forms of agricultural production. There is an uncanny otherness to the strategies, methods, and effects utilized and, equally, an otherness in the conditions of those who perform the labor: retired, unemployed, marginal, or simply outside the normative time of labor. These gardens are, nonetheless, like other horti conclusi, images of paradise, and thus well-deserving of a properly-planted chair for contemplation.
description: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts, v. 14 n. 2 (2022): Post-Photographic Truths: Poetics Vs Politics
On ‘Notes From the Underdog’
Creators: name: Safran, Yehuda
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts
Year: 2022

description: This article talks about the social impact of economic collapse on marginal territories and on the ingenuity of these new settlers, in the context of the visual essay of "Notes from the Underdog", by Alexandre Delmar. Forced to find new alternatives, these settlers are not only inventing new methods of constructing terraces, of fashioning aqueducts from plastic, of making their own tools, and of defining their own plots, but are also inventing new methods of constructing terraces, of fashioning aqueducts from plastic, of making their own tools, and of defining their own plots, thus changing the surrounding environment and landscape of these marginal areas.
description: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts, v. 14 n. 2 (2022): Post-Photographic Truths: Poetics Vs Politics
Time In Cinema And Modern Art: Reflections Inspired By Farshad Zahedi’s 'The Petrified Object And The Poetics Of Time In Cinema'
Creators: name: Viegas, Susana
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts
Year: 2022

description: Inspired by Farshad Zahedi’s audiovisual essay The Petrified Object and the Poetics of Time in Cinema, this article briefly presents three philosophical approaches to cinema’s ways of expressing time – as articulated by Bergson, Tarkovsky, and Deleuze – and questions how absolute time and chronological time are brought to a state of crisis by this modern form of art.
description: Journal of Science and Technology of the Arts, v. 14 n. 2 (2022): Post-Photographic Truths: Poetics Vs Politics