<b>OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR PRODUCTION OF GALLIC ACID BY SUBMERGED FERMENTATION USING NATURAL TANNINS OF ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALIS L.TESTA</b>
Creators: name: Kumar Bompalli, Lenin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310605
subject: Industrial microbiology (incl. biofeedstocks)
classificationCode: 310603
subject: Fermentation
classificationCode: 310602
subject: Bioprocessing, bioproduction and bioproducts
classificationCode: 310601
subject: Biocatalysis and enzyme technology
classificationCode: 310604
subject: Industrial biotechnology diagnostics (incl. biosensors)
classificationCode: 310606
subject: Industrial molecular engineering of nucleic acids and proteins

description: The optimization of process parameters for the production of gallic acid by submerged fermentation using natural tannins from <i>Anacardium occidentalis</i> L. testa involves systematically adjusting various conditions to maximize the yield of gallic acid. Here’s a detailed description of the process:<b>1. Submerged Fermentation:</b>Submerged fermentation refers to the cultivation of microorganisms in a liquid medium. In this case, it involves utilizing microorganisms capable of producing gallic acid in a submerged culture using natural tannins from <i>Anacardium occidentalis</i> L. testa as the substrate.<b>2. Selection of Microorganism:</b>A suitable microorganism, such as a bacterium or fungus, capable of producing gallic acid from tannins, is selected or engineered for the fermentation process. Examples could include <i>Aspergillus</i> species or specific strains known for their gallic acid production capabilities.<b>3. Optimization of Process Parameters:</b><b>Nutrient Medium:</b> The composition of the growth medium is optimized to support the growth and gallic acid production of the selected microorganism. This may include carbon sources (such as glucose or sucrose), nitrogen sources (like peptones or ammonium salts), and mineral salts.<b>pH and Temperature:</b> The optimal pH and temperature conditions for the growth and metabolic activity of the microorganism are determined and controlled throughout the fermentation process.<b>Inoculum Size:</b> The initial inoculum size (amount of microorganisms added to the fermentation medium) is optimized to ensure efficient growth and gallic acid production.<b>Incubation Period and Agitation:</b> The duration of fermentation and the level of agitation (stirring or shaking) are adjusted to promote optimal growth and metabolite production.<b>Oxygen Supply:</b> Adequate oxygen supply is ensured through aeration or agitation to support the aerobic growth of the microorganism and maximize gallic acid production.<b>4. Extraction and Quantification of Gallic Acid:</b>After fermentation, gallic acid is extracted from the culture broth using appropriate extraction techniques, such as solvent extraction or solid-phase extraction.The extracted gallic acid is quantified using analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or spectrophotometric analysis. This allows for the determination of the yield and purity of gallic acid produced under optimized conditions.<b>5. Optimization Goals:</b>The primary goals of optimization are to maximize the yield of gallic acid, enhance the efficiency of the fermentation process, and minimize production costs.Optimization also aims to improve the scalability and reproducibility of the process for potential industrial applications.<b>6. Applications and Significance:</b>Gallic acid has various industrial applications, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food additives, and as a precursor for the synthesis of other compounds.Utilizing natural tannins from <i>Anacardium occidentalis</i> L. testa as a substrate for gallic acid production not only utilizes a renewable resource but also adds value to agricultural byproducts.In conclusion, the optimization of process parameters for the production of gallic acid by submerged fermentation using natural tannins from <i>Anacardium occidentalis</i> L. testa involves fine-tuning various factors to achieve maximum yield and efficiency in the production of this valuable compound.