Anophococcus Balachowsky. We 1954
Creators: name: Tanaka, Hirotaka
name: Kamitani, Satoshi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Eriococcidae
Anophococcus

description: Genus Anophococcus Balachowsky 1954
Type species: Eriococcus inermis Green 1915.
Genus diagnosis of adult female (adapted and slightly modified from Kozár et al. 2013). Ovisac ovoid, felt-like, white or gray, completely enclosing body of female. Adult female elongate oval, narrowed posteriorly, with anal lobes conical, slightly sclerotized. Antennae usually 6 or 7 segmented; frontal lobes usually absent; frontal tubercles usually present, rarely absent. Labium 3 segmented, basal segment weakly developed and sclerotized, with 2 pairs of flagellate setae; apical setae of labium each approximately half length of the subapical setae, or less. Stylets usually short, about as long as labium. Legs well-developed: mesocoxae and metacoxae often with spinules on anterior surfaces; translucent sensory pores present or absent; claws usually each with a denticle; tarsal and claw digitules mostly longer than claw, usually knobbed but rarely spine-like. Spiracles often each with a few associated multilocular disc pores; multilocular disc pores present on venter only, usually each with 5 loculi, but number of loculi varies between 3 to 9; cruciform pores absent from dorsum, but often present on venter of prosoma in a marginal band, not grouped. Tubular ducts of 2 types, micro- and macrotubular ducts; microtubular ducts usually short, scattered, or forming transverse rows or bands on dorsum, often among dorsal conical setae; macrotubular ducts often of 2 or 3 sizes, usually forming transverse rows or bands on both body surfaces. Enlarged conical setae normally present only on margins, sometimes only on anal lobes and on margin of head; dorsal setae usually minute but sometimes setae in some areas more developed. Flagellate setae present on venter only. Anal ring welldeveloped, sclerotized with a single or only partly double row of pores and with 8 (rarely 6) anal ring setae, each as long as, or shorter than apical seta on anal lobes; each anal lobe with a long apical seta and usually 3 short dorsal conical setae, seldom with 4 setae. Cauda usually absent, but rarely present.
Remarks. The genus Anophococcus is similar to the genera Acanthococcus Signoret 1875, Gossyparia Signoret 1875, Rhizococcus Signoret 1875 and Uhleria Cooke 1881, in lacking cruciform pores or discoidal pores on the dorsum. However, Anophococcus differs from the four other genera in having (contrasting character states in Acanthococcus, Gossyparia, Rhizococcus and Uhleria in parentheses): dorsal enlarged conical setae confined to body margin or restricted to anal lobe (dorsal enlarged conical setae present on most or all of anterior half (cephalothoracic segments)). This morphological character state can sometimes be challenging to discern and may be considered an artificial criterion. Some Anophococcus species, such as An. pseudinsignis (Green 1921) and An. sanguinairensis (Goux 1993), possess well-developed and long dorsal enlarged conical setae not only on the margin but also on the head apex. Additionally, in Acanthococcus torikurai sp. nov. and Rhizococcus coccineus (Cockerell 1894), dorsal conical setae are greatly reduced in the medial and submedial areas of the dorsal abdominal segments, and the setae are obviously smaller and shorter than the marginal dorsal enlarged conical setae. The new species we propose below also has relatively well-developed dorsal enlarged conical setae on the head apex. There may be some uncertainty as to whether consistent morphological differences exist between the species of the genera Acanthococcus and Rhizococcus and the new species. However, since the new species has short microtubular ducts and shares this morphological character state with other species of the genus Anophococcus, it is tentatively placed in the genus Anophococcus in this study.
description: Published as part of Tanaka, Hirotaka & Kamitani, Satoshi, 2023, Two new species of Eriococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Japan, pp. 387-395 in Zootaxa 5244 (4) on page 391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5244.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7663641