cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MutualEyeContact: A conversation analysis tool with focus on eye contact
Creators: name: Schäfer, Alexander
name: Isomura, Tomoko
name: Reis, Gerd
name: Watanabe, Katsumi
name: Stricker, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Eye contact between individuals is particularly important for understanding human behaviour. To further investigate the importance of eye contact in social interactions, portable eye tracking technology seems to be a natural choice. However, the analysis of available data can become quite complex. Scientists need data that is calculated quickly and accurately. Additionally, the relevant data must be automatically separated to save time. In this work, we propose a tool called MutualEyeContact which excels in those tasks and can help scientists to understand the importance of (mutual) eye contact in social interactions. We combine state-of-the-art eye tracking with face recognition based on machine learning and provide a tool for analysis and visualization of social interaction sessions. This work is a joint collaboration of computer scientists and cognitive scientists. It combines the fields of social and behavioural science with computer vision and deep learning.
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project - Volume 37
Creators: name: Aumento, F.
name: Melson, W.G.
name: The Leg 37 Science Party
Publisher: name: U.S. Government Printing Office
Year: 1977
Subjects: Deep Sea Drilling Project
Glomar Challenger
DSDP
Leg 37
Site 332
Site 333
Site 334
Site 335
Atlantic Ocean
FAMOUS area
Franco-American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Oceanic layer 2

description: This volume covers Leg 37 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger. Leg 37 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project began in May, 1975 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and ended in Dublin, Ireland in July, 1975. The second planned attempt at deep penetration of the igneous section of the oceanic crust took place during Leg 37 of the DSDP. A previous unsuccessful attempt occurred on Leg 34. Leg 37 penetrated successfully the upper part of the oceanic crust on the western flank of the FAMOUS (Franco-American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study) area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 36°N. The main purpose of Leg 37 was to investigate the petrological and geophysical nature of oceanic layer 2. This 1.5-km thick layer, which underlies the floor of most of the world's oceans, is thought to be generated at crustal spreading centers, and to hold evidence for the origin of oceanic magnetic anomalies, for crustal and mantle evolution, and perhaps, for the origin of some types of ore deposits. The prime objective for Leg 37 was the deep penetration of at least the upper part of the igneous section of the oceanic crust. With such penetration and its associated core recovery, we hoped to answer many of the problems associated with mid-oceanic ridges which are still outstanding, including the following: 1) The problem of the separation of the material now constituting layer 2, from layer 3 and, indirectly, the nature of the upper mantle beneath oceanic rises and other spreading centers. 2) The construction of layer 2. 3) Changes during the evolutionary history of layer 2. 4) The existence, nature, and thickness of the postulated highly magnetized layer 2A. 5) Constitution of submarine basalt lava flows. 6) Heat flow and heat production in layer 2. 7) The possibility that processes occur in layer 2 that result in the concentration of economic minerals such as sulfides. 8) The nature, provenance, and state of alteration of any sediment intercalated in the igneous rocks of layer 2.
Solar Convection Simulations using a B-spline method
Creators: name: Hartlep, Thomas
name: Mansour, Nagi N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This report outlines the development of a B-spline--spectral numerical code for the simulation of convection flows. It allows changing the spatial resolution in all three coordinates as a function of depth, which is especially advantageous for simulations of solar convection.
description: 6 pages
A set of exactly solvable Ising models with half-odd-integer spin
Creators: name: Rojas, Onofre
name: de Souza, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a set of exactly solvable Ising models, with half-odd-integer spin-S on a square-type lattice including a quartic interaction term in the Hamiltonian. The particular properties of the mixed lattice, associated with mixed half-odd-integer spin-(S,1/2) and only nearest-neighbour interaction, allow us to map this system either onto a purely spin-1/2 lattice or onto a purely spin-S lattice. By imposing the condition that the mixed half-odd-integer spin-(S,1/2) lattice must have an exact solution, we found a set of exact solutions that satisfy the {\it free fermion} condition of the eight vertex model. The number of solutions for a general half-odd-integer spin-S is given by $S+1/2$. Therefore we conclude that this transformation is equivalent to a simple spin transformation which is independent of the coordination number.
Mathematical Models and Biological Meaning: Taking Trees Seriously
Creators: name: Martin, Jeremy L.
name: Wiley, E. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We compare three basic kinds of discrete mathematical models used to portray phylogenetic relationships among species and higher taxa: phylogenetic trees, Hennig trees and Nelson cladograms. All three models are trees, as that term is commonly used in mathematics; the difference between them lies in the biological interpretation of their vertices and edges. Phylogenetic trees and Hennig trees carry exactly the same information, and translation between these two kinds of trees can be accomplished by a simple algorithm. On the other hand, evolutionary concepts such as monophyly are represented as different mathematical substructures are represented differently in the two models. For each phylogenetic or Hennig tree, there is a Nelson cladogram carrying the same information, but the requirement that all taxa be represented by leaves necessarily makes the representation less efficient. Moreover, we claim that it is necessary to give some interpretation to the edges and internal vertices of a Nelson cladogram in order to make it useful as a biological model. One possibility is to interpret internal vertices as sets of characters and the edges as statements of inclusion; however, this interpretation carries little more than incomplete phenetic information. We assert that from the standpoint of phylogenetics, one is forced to regard each internal vertex of a Nelson cladogram as an actual (albeit unsampled) species simply to justify the use of synapomorphies rather than symplesiomorphies.
description: 15 pages including 6 figures [5 pdf, 1 jpg]. Converted from original MS Word manuscript to PDFLaTeX
Detection of Extended Hot Water in the Outflow from NGC 2071
Creators: name: Melnick, Gary J.
name: Tolls, Volker
name: Neufeld, David A.
name: Yuan, Yuan
name: Sonnentrucker, Paule
name: Watson, Dan M.
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Kaufman, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of spectroscopic mapping observations carried out toward a ~1 min x 1 min region within the northern lobe of the outflow from NGC 2071 using the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) of the Spitzer Space Telescope. These observations covered the 5.2-37 um spectral region and have led to the detection of a number of ionic, atomic, and molecular lines, including fine-structure emission of Si+, Fe+, S++, S, the S(0)-S(7) pure rotational lines of H2, the R(3) and R(4) transitions of HD, and at least 11 transitions of H2O. In addition, the 6.2, 7.4, 7.6, 7.9, 8.6 and 11.3 um PAH emission bands were also observed and several transitions of OH were tentatively detected. Most of the detected line transitions were strong enough to map including, for the first time, three transitions of hot H2O. We find that: (1) the water emission is extended; (2) the extended emission is aligned with the outflow; and, (3) the spatial distribution of the water emission generally follows that observed for H2. Based on the measured line intensities, we derive an HD abundance relative to H2 of 1.1-1.8 10^-5 and an H2O number density of 12-2 cm^3. The H2 density in the water-emitting region is not well constrained by our observations, but is likely between 3 10^4 and 10^6 cm^3, yielding an H2O abundance relative to H2 of between 2 10^-5 and 6 10^-4. Future observations planned for the Herschel Space Observatory should greatly improve the density estimate, and thus our knowledge of the H2O abundance, for the water-emitting regions reported here. Finally, we note a possible departure from the H2O ortho-to-para ratio of 3:1 expected for water formed in hot post-shocked gas, suggesting that a significant fraction of the water vapor we detect may arise from H2O sputtered from cold dust grains.
description: 35 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Superconductivity in Yttrium Iron Oxyarsenide System
Creators: name: Chong, S V
name: Mochiji, T
name: Kadowaki, K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Iron-based oxypnictides substituted with yttrium have been prepared via a conventional solid state reaction. The product after first 50 hours of reaction showed diamagnetic-like transition at around 10 K but was not superconducting, while additional 72 hours of high temperature heat treatment was required to yield superconducting sample which was doped with fluoride. Temperature dependence of the susceptibility shows both screening and Meissner effect at around 10 K, while resistance as a function of temperature displayed a drop at around the same temperature.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Proceedings in the LT25 Low Temperature Physics Conference), Accepted
Superconductivity and Magnetism in REFeAsO1-xFx (RE=Rare Earth Elements)
Creators: name: Kadowaki, K
name: Goya, T
name: Mochiji, T
name: Chong, S V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluoride-doped iron-based oxypnictides containing rare-earth gadolinium (GdFeAsO0.8F0.2) and co-doping with yttrium (Gd0.8Y0.2FeAsO0.8F0.2) have been prepared via conventional solid state reaction at ambient pressure. The non-yttrium substituted oxypnictide show superconducting transition as high as 43.9 K from temperature dependent resistance measurements with the Meissner effect observed at a lower temperature of 40.8 K from temperature dependent magnetization measurements. By replacing a small amount of gadolinium with yttrium Tc was observed to be lowered by 10 K which might be caused by a change in the electronic or magnetic structures since the crystal structure was not altered.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Proceedings in the LT25 Low Temperature Physics Conference) Submitted
Helical Magnetic Fields from Inflation
Creators: name: Campanelli, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the generation of seed magnetic fields during de Sitter inflation considering a non-invariant conformal term in the electromagnetic Lagrangian of the form $-\frac14 I(ϕ) F_{μν} \widetilde{F}^{μν}$, where $I(ϕ)$ is a pseudoscalar function of a non-trivial background field $ϕ$. In particular, we consider a toy model, that could be realized owing to the coupling between the photon and either a (tachyonic) massive pseudoscalar field and a massless pseudoscalar field non-minimally coupled to gravity, where $I$ follows a simple power-law behavior $I(k,η) = g/(-kη)^β$ during inflation, while it is negligibly small subsequently. Here, $g$ is a positive dimensionless constant, $k$ the wavenumber, $η$ the conformal time, and $β$ a real positive number. We find that only when $β= 1$ and $0.1 \lesssim g \lesssim 2$ astrophysically interesting fields can be produced as excitation of the vacuum, and that they are maximally helical.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure, subsection IIc and references added; accepted for publication in IJMPD
De Broglie-Bohm Guidance Equations for Arbitrary Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Struyve, Ward
name: Valentini, Antony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a pilot-wave theory, an individual closed system is described by a wavefunction $ψ(q)$ and configuration $q$. The evolution of the wavefunction and configuration are respectively determined by the Schrödinger and guidance equations. The guidance equation states that the velocity field for the configuration is given by the quantum current divided by the density $|ψ(q)|^2$. We present the currents and associated guidance equations for any Hamiltonian given by a differential operator. These are derived directly from the Schrödinger equation, and also as Noether currents arising from a global phase symmetry associated with the wavefunction in configuration space.
description: 22 pages, no figures, LaTex; v3 minor corrections; v2 minor corrections
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Yap, Roland H. C.
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization
subject: Theory of computation → Constraint and logic programming

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 280, 29th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP 2023), pages 0:i-0:xx
A Gaia based photometric and kinematic analysis of the old open cluster King 11
Creators: name: Sariya, Devesh P.
name: Jiang, Ing-Guey
name: Bisht, D.
name: Sizova, M. D.
name: Chupina, N. V.
name: Vereshchagin, S. V.
name: Yadav, R. K. S.
name: Rangwal, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an investigation of an old age open cluster King 11 using Gaia's Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) data. Considering the stars with membership probability ($P_μ$) $> 90\%$, we identified 676 most probable cluster members within the cluster's limiting radius. The mean proper motion (PM) for King 11 is determined as: $μ_{x}=-3.391\pm0.006$ and $μ_{y}=-0.660\pm0.004$ mas yr$^{-1}$. The blue straggler stars (BSS) of King 11 show a centrally concentrated radial distribution. The values of limiting radius, age, and distance are determined as 18.51 arcmin, 3.63$\pm$0.42 Gyr and $3.33\pm0.15$ kpc, respectively. The cluster's apex coordinates ($A=267.84^{\circ} \pm 1.01^{\circ}$, $D=-27.48^{\circ} \pm 1.03^{\circ}$) are determined using the apex diagram (AD) method and verified using the ($μ_U$,$μ_T$) diagram. We also obtained the orbit that the cluster follows in the Galaxy and estimated its tentative birthplace in the disk. The resulting spatial velocity of King 11 is 60.2 $\pm$ 2.16 km s$^{-1}$. A significant oscillation along the $Z$-coordinate up to 0.556$\pm$0.022~kpc is determined.
Multiplexed telecom-band quantum networking with atom arrays in optical cavities
Creators: name: Huie, William
name: Menon, Shankar G.
name: Bernien, Hannes
name: Covey, Jacob P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The realization of a quantum network node of matter-based qubits compatible with telecom-band operation and large-scale quantum information processing is an outstanding challenge that has limited the potential of elementary quantum networks. We propose a platform for interfacing quantum processors comprising neutral atom arrays with telecom-band photons in a multiplexed network architecture. The use of a large atom array instead of a single atom mitigates the deleterious effects of two-way communication and improves the entanglement rate between two nodes by nearly two orders of magnitude. Further, this system simultaneously provides the ability to perform high-fidelity deterministic gates and readout within each node, opening the door to quantum repeater and purification protocols to enhance the length and fidelity of the network, respectively. Using intermediate nodes as quantum repeaters, we demonstrate the feasibility of entanglement distribution over approximately 1500 km based on realistic assumptions, providing a blueprint for a transcontinental network. Finally, we demonstrate that our platform can distribute approximately 25 Bell pairs over metropolitan distances, which could serve as the backbone of a distributed fault-tolerant quantum computer.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
Raman scattering in current carrying molecular junctions. A preliminary account
Creators: name: Galperin, Michael
name: Ratner, Mark A.
name: Nitzan, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a preliminary acount of a theory for Raman scattering by current-carrying molecular junctions. The approach combines a non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) description of the non-equilibrium junction with a generalized scattering theory formulation for evaluating the light scattering signal. This generalizes our previous study (Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 206802 (2005); J. Chem. Phys. 124, 234709 (2006)) of junction spectroscopy by including molecular vibrations and developing machinery for calculation of state-to-state (Raman scattering) fluxes within the NEGF formalism. For large enough voltage bias we find that the light scattering signal contains, in addition to the normal signal associated with the molecular ground electronic state, also a contribution from the inverse process originated from the excited molecular state as well as an interference component. The effect of coupling to the electrodes and of the imposed bias on the total Raman scattering as well as its components are discussed. Our result reduces to the standard expression for Raman scattering in the isolated molecule case, i.e. in the absence of coupling to the electrodes. The theory is used to discuss the charge transfer contribution to surface enhanced Raman scattering for molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces and its manifestation in the biased junction.
description: 46 pages, 7 figures
A study of sediments from the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Northeast Pacific ocean: with special reference to hydrothermal and diagenetic components
Creators: name: Price, Michael Glyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A regional survey of the sedimentology, geochemistry and mineralogy of the Pleistocene and Holocene deep-sea sediments from the Juan de Fuca Ridge between 47°00' and 48°15' North latitude and the adjacent Cascadia Plain indicates a mainly terrigenous, turbiditic source for most sediments in the area, with some admixture of biogenic material (mainly planktonic debris) throughout. Small hydrogenous and hydrothermal components may also be present. Sedimentation rates during the Pleistocene of about 100 cm/1000 yr are indicated for the Ridge area. Excess MnO in the oxidised upper few cm of sediment is ascribed to diagenetic remobilization. Systematic variations in the SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and CaO content of the sediments appear to reflect a transition from a dominantly turbiditic sedimentary regime during the late Pleistocene, to a hemipelagic Holocene regime in the uppermost 50 cm of sediment. Extensive deposits of metalliferous sediments with a significant hydrothermal component, such as have been reported from the East Pacific . Rise and other parts of the Pacific Ocean, appear to be absent from the area, due probably to extensive dilution by sediments of terrigenous origin.
Slides for: Networked UAVs and Their Smart City Applications
Creators: Yan Wan
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2021

Slides for Webinar: Networked UAVs and Their Smart City Applications
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are aerial robots integrated with sensing, communication, control and computing capabilities. UAVs are expected to be important components of future smart city and Internet of Things (IOT) networks.

Examples of civilian applications include unmanned aerial taxis, emergency response, traffic surveillance, precision agriculture, cargo transport, personal outdoor assistance, sports coverage, land survey, and infrastructure health monitoring, each of which represents a substantial market. Existing commercial UAV use is limited to a single

UAV. Networked UAV systems are more appealing with enhanced capabilities. In this talk, I will present several of our recent research projects on networked UAV design and their civilian applications.
Can cosmological observations uniquely determine the nature of dark energy ?
Creators: name: Unnikrishnan, Sanil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observational effect of all minimally coupled scalar field models of dark energy can be determined by the behavior of the following two parameters : (1) equation of state parameter $w$, which relates dark energy pressure to its energy density, and (2) effective speed of sound $c_{e}^{2}$, which relates dark energy pressure fluctuation to its density fluctuation. In this paper we show that these two parameters do not uniquely determine the form of a scalar field dark energy Lagrangian even after taking into account the perturbation in the scalar field. We present this result by showing that two different forms of scalar field Lagrangian can lead to the same values for these paired parameters. It is well known that from the background evolution the Lagrangian of the scalar field dark energy cannot be uniquely determined. The two models of dark energy presented in this paper are indistinguishable from the evolution of background as well as from the evolution of perturbations from a FRW metric.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, few references added
Magnetic and Transport Studies on Electron-doped CeFeAsO1-xFx Superconductor
Creators: name: Chong, S. V.
name: Mochiji, T.
name: Sato, S.
name: Kadowaki, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic and transport behaviors of cerium substituted iron oxy-arsenide superconductor with x = 0.1 to 0.4 fluoride (F) doping have been investigated in this report. Temperature dependent susceptibility and resistivity measurements showed the 0.1 F-doped sample (CeFeAsO0.9F0.1) has a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of around 30 K. With increasing doping beyond x = 0.2 Tc saturates to around 40 K. Temperature dependent susceptibility measured in different magnetic fields for the under-doped sample showed Meissner effect in low field and the diamagnetism is still visible up to 1 Tesla, with an obvious magnetic transition below 5 K, perhaps originating from magnetic ordering of the rare earth cerium. The corresponding field dependent resistance versus temperature measurements indicated a broadening of less than 3 K for Tc at mid-point by increasing the field to 5 Tesla indicating rather low anisotropy. An estimated upper critical field of more than 48 Tesla and accordingly an estimated maximum coherence length of 2.6 nm were obtained confirming the high upper critical field with a short coherence length for this superconductor.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, Journal of The Physical Society of Japan (Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fe-oxypnictide Superconductors, Tokyo, Japan), submitted
Ellipses Inscribed in Parallelograms
Creators: name: Horwitz, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A06, 51M15

description: We prove that there exists a unique ellipse of minimal eccentricity, E_{I}, inscribed in a parallelogram, D. We also prove that the smallest nonnegative angle between equal conjugate diameters of E_{I} equals the smallest nonnegative angle between the diagonals of D. We also prove that if E_{M} is the unique ellipse inscribed in a rectangle, R, which is tangent at the midpoints of the sides of R, then E_{M} is the unique ellipse of minimal eccentricity, maximal area, and maximal arc length inscribed in R. Let D be any convex quadrilateral. In previous papers, the author proved that there is a unique ellipse of minimal eccentricity, E_{I}, inscribed in D, and a unique ellipse, E_{O}, of minimal eccentricity circumscribed about D. We defined D to be bielliptic if E_{I} and E_{O} have the same eccentricity. In this paper we show that a parallelogram, D, is bielliptic if and only if the square of the length of one of the diagonals of D equals twice the square of the length of one of the sides of D.
description: Submitted for publication to the Glasgow Mathematical Journal. 13 pages, no figures
More transition amplitudes on the Riemann sphere
Creators: name: Dimock, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T40

description: We consider a conformal field theory for bosons on the Riemann sphere. Correlation functions are defined as singular limits of functional integrals. The main result is that these amplitudes define transition amplitudes, that is multilinear Hilbert-Schmidt functionals on a fixed Hilbert space.
description: 20 pages
Computing the nucleolus of weighted voting games
Creators: name: Elkind, Edith
name: Pasechnik, Dmitrii V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.1.6; I.2.8

description: Weighted voting games (WVG) are coalitional games in which an agent's contribution to a coalition is given by his it weight, and a coalition wins if its total weight meets or exceeds a given quota. These games model decision-making in political bodies as well as collaboration and surplus division in multiagent domains. The computational complexity of various solution concepts for weighted voting games received a lot of attention in recent years. In particular, Elkind et al.(2007) studied the complexity of stability-related solution concepts in WVGs, namely, of the core, the least core, and the nucleolus. While they have completely characterized the algorithmic complexity of the core and the least core, for the nucleolus they have only provided an NP-hardness result. In this paper, we solve an open problem posed by Elkind et al. by showing that the nucleolus of WVGs, and, more generally, k-vector weighted voting games with fixed k, can be computed in pseudopolynomial time, i.e., there exists an algorithm that correctly computes the nucleolus and runs in time polynomial in the number of players and the maximum weight. In doing so, we propose a general framework for computing the nucleolus, which may be applicable to a wider of class of games.
description: LaTeX, 12 pages, COMSOC-2008 workshop
Direct coupling between magnetism and superconducting current in Josephson Phi junction
Creators: name: Buzdin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the proximity effect between conventional superconductor and magnetic normal metal with a spin-orbit interaction of the Rashba type. Using the phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau theory and the quasiclassical Eilenberger approach it is demonstrated that the Josephson junction with such a metal as a weak link has a special non-sinusoidal current-phase relation. The ground state of this junction is caracterized by the finite phase difference Phi, which is proportional to the strength of the spin-orbit interaction and the exchange field in the normal metal. The proposed mechanism of the Phi junction formation gives a direct coupling between the superconducting current and the magnetic moment in the weak link. Therefore the Phi junctions open interesting perspectives for the superconducting spintronics.
Nymphalidae
Creators: name: Pohl, Greg
name: Anweiler, Gary
name: Schmidt, Christian
name: Kondla, Norbert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae

description: 52. Nymphalidae – brush-footed butterflies The brush-footed butterfly family consists of small to large butterflies with wide variation in appearance and wing structure. The family is primarily defined by the hairy and reduced forelegs, which are not functional for walking. Th e eyes are not indented next to the antennae, and the face is as wide as it is tall between the eyes. Many species are quite similar externally, particularly the fritillaries and the checkerspots; the latter are particularly variable within species, making species and subspecies limits difficult to determine. Larvae feed on a variety of plants; some feed gregariously on webs. The subfamilies Satyrinae and Danainae have often been treated as distinct families but are considered here to be nymphalid subfamilies, sensu Ackery et al. 1999. Approximately 6000 species of Nymphalidae are known worldwide. Two hundred and sixteen species are known from North America; 74 species are reported from AB.
description: Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 180, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629
A Measurement of the Spatial Distribution of Diffuse TeV Gamma Ray Emission from the Galactic Plane with Milagro
Creators: name: Abdo, A. A.
name: Allen, B.
name: Aune, T.
name: Berley, D.
name: Blaufuss, E.
name: Casanova, S.
name: Chen, C.
name: Dingus, B. L.
name: Ellsworth, R. W.
name: Fleysher, L.
name: Fleysher, R.
name: Gonzalez, M. M.
name: Goodman, J. A.
name: Hoffman, C. M.
name: H"untemeyer, P. H.
name: Kolterman, B. E.
name: Lansdell, C. P.
name: Linnemann, J. T.
name: McEnery, J. E.
name: Mincer, A. I.
name: Moskalenko, I. V.
name: Nemethy, P.
name: Noyes, D.
name: Porter, T. A.
name: Pretz, J.
name: Ryan, J. M.
name: Parkinson, P. M. Saz
name: Shoup, A.
name: Sinnis, G.
name: Smith, A. J.
name: Strong, A. W.
name: Sullivan, G. W.
name: Vasileiou, V.
name: Walker, G. P.
name: Williams, D. A.
name: Yodh, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffuse $γ$-ray emission produced by the interaction of cosmic-ray particles with matter and radiation in the Galaxy can be used to probe the distribution of cosmic rays and their sources in different regions of the Galaxy. With its large field of view and long observation time, the Milagro Gamma Ray Observatory is an ideal instrument for surveying large regions of the Northern Hemisphere sky and for detecting diffuse $γ$-ray emission at very high energies. Here, the spatial distribution and the flux of the diffuse $γ$-ray emission in the TeV energy range with a median energy of 15 TeV for Galactic longitudes between 30$^\circ$ and 110$^\circ$ and between 136$^\circ$ and 216$^\circ$ and for Galactic latitudes between -10$^\circ$ and 10$^\circ$ are determined. The measured fluxes are consistent with predictions of the GALPROP model everywhere except for the Cygnus region ($l\in[65^\circ,85^\circ]$). For the Cygnus region, the flux is twice the predicted value. This excess can be explained by the presence of active cosmic ray sources accelerating hadrons which interact with the local dense interstellar medium and produce gamma rays through pion decay.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, accepted by ApJ
Fingerprint recognition with embedded presentation attacks detection: are we ready?
Creators: name: Micheletto, Marco
name: Marcialis, Gian Luca
name: Orrù, Giulia
name: Roli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The diffusion of fingerprint verification systems for security applications makes it urgent to investigate the embedding of software-based presentation attack detection algorithms (PAD) into such systems. Companies and institutions need to know whether such integration would make the system more "secure" and whether the technology available is ready, and, if so, at what operational working conditions. Despite significant improvements, especially by adopting deep learning approaches to fingerprint PAD, current research did not state much about their effectiveness when embedded in fingerprint verification systems. We believe that the lack of works is explained by the lack of instruments to investigate the problem, that is, modeling the cause-effect relationships when two non-zero error-free systems work together. Accordingly, this paper explores the fusion of PAD into verification systems by proposing a novel investigation instrument: a performance simulator based on the probabilistic modeling of the relationships among the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) of the two individual systems when PAD and verification stages are implemented sequentially. As a matter of fact, this is the most straightforward, flexible, and widespread approach. We carry out simulations on the PAD algorithms' ROCs submitted to the most recent editions of LivDet (2017-2019), the state-of-the-art NIST Bozorth3, and the top-level Veryfinger 12 matchers. Reported experiments explore significant scenarios to get the conditions under which fingerprint matching with embedded PAD can improve, rather than degrade, the overall personal verification performance.
Matrix Filters for the Detection of Extragalactic Point Sources in Cosmic Microwave Background Images
Creators: name: Herranz, D.
name: Sanz, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we introduce a new linear filtering technique, the so-called matrix filters, that maximizes the signal-to-interference ratio of compact sources of unknown intensity embedded in a set of images by taking into account the cross-correlations between the different channels. By construction, the new filtering technique outperforms (or at least equals) the standard matched filter applied on individual images. An immediate application is the detection of extragalactic point sources in Cosmic Microwave Background images obtained at different wavelengths. We test the new technique in two simulated cases: a simple two-channel case with ideal correlated color noise and more realistic simulations of the sky as it will be observed by the LFI instrument of the upcoming ESA's Planck mission. In both cases we observe an improvement with respect to the standard matched filter in terms of signal-to-noise interference, number of detections and number of false alarms.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing
An evaluation of a shallow groundwater flow regime near Taber, Alberta
Creators: name: Burnett, Ronald Gordon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The Shimbashi site of the Taber Irrigation Return Flow study occupies a 28 square-kilometer agricultural environment in southern Alberta. The site is situated in a bend of the Oldman River and therefore is encompassed by the river on 3 sides. Various types of existing and field-generated geologic, geophysical, and hydrologic data were employed to fully evaluate the groundwater flow regime of the study site. Mathematical modelling was carried out to analyse the long-term effects of fertilization on the groundwater and river water quality. Bedrock of the Foremost Formation subcrops throughout the whole of the Shimbashi study site. This is overlain by 3 to 10 meters of Saskatchewan gravel and sand. The Saskatchewan gravels are covered by approximately 40 meters of glacial deposits consisting of till and outwash sands. The water table over the site generally slopes down towards the river valley wall as a subdued reflection of the topography. A channel in the surface outwash sands in the northern part of the site causes a local depression in the Water table. Another larger depression occurs to the south and is caused by a channel of outwash sands buried by till. There are two main routes the groundwater can travel to the river. Much of the groundwater entering the river has moved through the outwash sands that cover the north half of the site. Water infiltrating the tills, which underly the outwash sands and which occur at the surface in the south, moves essentially vertically downward into the Saskatchewan gravels and sand. Once in the gravels the water flows into the river. Mathematical modelling indicates that nitrates are already entering the river in limited amounts. Fertilization of lowland areas near the river results in the introduction of nitrates into the river within 3 years. Contaminated water in the suraface sands is also entering the river. Nitrate concentrations in this water will remain low unless additional acreage comes under irrigation. Nitrates that move through the till will not reach the river in significant amounts for 5 to 50 years. Recommendations for future research at the Shimbashi site include field testing to evaluate the dispersivity of the sands and till, the installation of additional piezometers, a laboratory investigation of the cation exchange potential of the till, and a monitoring program of the river water quality.
Non-Involutive Constrained Systems and Hamilton-Jacobi Formalism
Creators: name: Bertin, M. C.
name: Pimentel, B. M.
name: Valcárcel, C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we discuss the natural appearance of the Generalized Brackets in systems with non-involutive (equivalent to second class) constraints in the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. We show how a consistent geometric interpretation of the integrability conditions leads to the reduction of degrees of freedom of these systems and, as consequence, naturally defines a dynamics in a reduced phase space.
description: 12 pages
Resonant impurity scattering in the $\pm$s-gap state of the Fe-based superconductors
Creators: name: Bang, Yunkyu
name: Choi, Han-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impurity scattering on the $\pm$s-wave superconductor, with realistic parameters for the Fe-pnictide superconductors. Using $\mathcal{T}$-matrix method, generalized for the two bands, we found that impurity scattering of the unitary limit forms off-centered bound states inside of the superconducting gap, which modifies, surprisingly, the density of states (DOS) of a fully opened gap to a V-shaped one as in the case of a d-wave superconductor. This behavior provides coherent explanations to the several conflicting experimental issues of the Fe-pnictide superconductors: the V-shaped DOS but with an isotropic gap observed in the photoemission and tunneling experiments; the power law behavior of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate ($1/T_1 \approx T^α$ ; $α\approx 3$), down to very low temperatures.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Revisions of Figures and their captions; references updated
Perelman's reduced volume and a gap theorem for the Ricci flow
Creators: name: Yokota, Takumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C21

description: In this paper, we show that any ancient solution to the Ricci flow with the reduced volume whose asymptotic limit is sufficiently close to that of the Gaussian soliton is isometric to the Euclidean space for all time. This is a generalization of Anderson's result for Ricci-flat manifolds. As a corollary, a gap theorem for gradient shrinking Ricci solitons is also obtained.
description: final version
Adiabatic dynamics in open quantum critical many-body systems
Creators: name: Patanè, Dario
name: Silva, Alessandro
name: Amico, Luigi
name: Fazio, Rosario
name: Santoro, Giuseppe E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this work is to understand the effect of an external environment on the adiabatic dynamics of a quantum critical system. By means of scaling arguments we derive a general expression for the density of excitations produced in the quench as a function of its velocity and of the temperature of the bath. We corroborate the scaling analysis by explicitly solving the case of a one-dimensional quantum Ising model coupled to an Ohmic bath.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; revised version to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Iron pnictides as a new setting for quantum criticality
Creators: name: Dai, Jianhui
name: Si, Qimiao
name: Zhu, Jian-Xin
name: Abrahams, Elihu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two major themes in the physics of condensed matter are quantum critical phenomena and unconventional superconductivity. These usually occur in the context of competing interactions in systems of strongly-correlated electrons. All this interesting physics comes together in the behavior of the recently discovered iron pnictide compounds that have generated enormous interest because of their moderately high-temperature superconductivity. The ubiquity of antiferromagnetic ordering in their phase diagrams naturally raises the question of the relevance of magnetic quantum criticality, but the answer remains uncertain both theoretically and experimentally. Here we show that the undoped iron pnictides feature a novel type of magnetic quantum critical point, which results from a competition between electronic localization and itinerancy. Our theory provides a mechanism to understand the experimentally-observed variation of the ordered moment among the undoped iron pnictides. We suggest P substitution for As in the undoped iron pnictides as a means to access this new example of magnetic quantum criticality in an unmasked fashion. Our findings point to the iron pnictides as a much-needed new setting for quantum criticality, one that offers a new set of control parameters.
description: (v3) New abstract, more explanatory material, accepted for PNAS
Exceptional (Z/2Z) x (Z/2Z)-symmetric spaces
Creators: name: Kollross, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C30, 53C35 (Primary) 17B40 (Secondary)

description: The notion of (Z/2Z) x (Z/2Z)-symmetric spaces is a generalization of classical symmetric spaces, where the group Z/2Z is replaced by (Z/2Z) x (Z/2Z). In this article, a classification is given of the (Z/2Z) x (Z/2Z)-symmetric spaces G/K where G is an exceptional compact Lie group or Spin(8), complementing recent results of Bahturin and Goze. Our results are equivalent to a classification of (Z/2Z) x (Z/2Z)-gradings on the exceptional simple Lie algebras e6, e7, e8, f4, g2 and so(8).
description: 13 pages
Interactive SARS-CoV-2 mutation timemaps
Creators: name: Warren, Rene
name: Birol, Inanc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
Mutation time maps
GISAID
Interactive SVG

description: As the year 2020 came to a close, several new strains have been reported for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that has afflicted us all this past year. However, it is difficult to comprehend the scale, in sequence space, geographical location and time, at which SARS-CoV-2 mutates and evolves in its human hosts. To get an appreciation for the rapid evolution of the coronavirus, we built interactive scalable vector graphics (SVG) maps that show daily nucleotide variations in genomes from the six most populated continents compared to that of the initial, ground-zero SARS-CoV-2 isolate sequenced at the beginning of the year. The attached compressed file package comprises SARS-CoV-2 mutation timemaps SVG files for 2020 and 2021, updated with data submitted to GISAID as of January 25th 2021 (inclusive). It is a snapshot of the webpage hosting these maps (https://bcgsc.github.io/SARS2) on that day and includes the script and single nucleotide variation (SNV) report files used to generate these and could be used by anyone to generate additional and custom interactive SVG maps. It supplements our F1000research article. The frequently updated SARS-CoV-2 genome SNV reports (https://www.bcgsc.ca/downloads/btl/SARS-CoV-2/mutations) represent a wealth of information that could be mined to gain further insights into the rapid SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus evolution in human hosts.
Potential for potable water savings using rainwater: a case study in a university building in Southern Brazil
Creators: name: Custódio, Diego Antônio
name: Ghisi, Enedir
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for potable water savings and the financial viability of a rainwater harvesting system in a private university building located in southern Brazil. The water end-uses were estimated based on answers about frequency and time of use of the water appliances. The rainwater tank and the financial viability analysis were assessed using the Netuno computer programme. The per capita water consumption was 5.38 L/person/day and the highest water end-use was observed for toilet flushing (51.9%). The potential for potable water savings ranged from 49.7% to 72.4%. The cost to implement the system was estimated at USD 25,730.78 and the payback period ranged from 8 to 9 years. The main conclusion is that rainwater harvesting in private university buildings in Brazil can be economically feasible even when the per capita water consumption is low, as total water consumption tends to be high.