cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Laser technology paves the way for a new generation of batteries
Creators: name: Muñoz-Márquez, Miguel Ángel
name: Barnstedt, Corinna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Ultra-fast laser pulses
rechargeable Li-ion batteries
battery research

description: The main pillar of a sustainable future is a reliable energy system using renewable sources. One of the biggest challenges in reaching this aim is energy storage. Ultra-fast laser pulses are now used to improve today’s rechargeable Li-ion batteries, resulting in an increase of the electrode’s capacity by up to 60% and a lifetime extended by 30%! Physicist Dr. Miguel Ángel Muñoz-Márquez is group leader of Advanced Interface Analysis at CIC energiGUNE in Álava, Spain and he specialises in battery research. He explains why laser surface treatment is the key to sustainable batteries.
description: https://www.laser4surf.eu/laser-technology-paves-the-way-for-a-new-generation-of-batteries/
Optical switching and inversionless amplification controlled by state-dependent alignment of molecules
Creators: name: Popov, A. K.
name: Slabko, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Switching anisotropic molecules from strongly-absorbing to strongly-amplifying through a transparent state is shown to be possible by application of dc or ac control electric fields without the requirement of the population inversion. It is based on decoupling of the lower-level molecules from the resonant light while the excited ones remain emitting due to their state-dependent alignment. The amplification index may become dependent only on a number of excited molecules and not on the population of the lower state. A suitable class of molecules and applications in optoelectronics, fiberoptics and nanophotonics are outlined.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 35 references
Psychological distress and its relationship to bully/victim problems among children and early adolescents
Creators: name: Arndt, Jacqueline Edith
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Previous research has suggested that bullying may be considered the most prevalent form of violence among schoolchildren (Batsche & Knoff, 1993). Bullying and victimization is being increasingly recognized as a psychologically harmful aspect of childhood for significant percentages of children (Slee, 1995). The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence, age/grade, and gender trends of bullying and bully-victimization among elementary-aged Canadian students. The second aim of the present study was to extend the investigation of the association between bullying and victimization and social-emotional health by examining depression, anxiety, and self-esteem among children involved in bully/victim problems. Self-report measures were administered to 417 children (210 girls, 207 boys) ranging in age from 9 to 12 years. Measures included the Bully-Victim Inventory (BVI: Reynolds & Arndt, 1997), the Reynolds Child Depression Scale (RCDS: Reynolds, 1989), the Revised Manifest Anxiety Scale (RMAS: Reynolds & Richmond, 1985) and the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI, Coopersmith, 1967). Results revealed that 9.4% of the children acknowledged that they engaged in significant bullying and 18.9% reported being victims of bullying. As predicted, a higher percentage of elementary boys (13 %) as compared to girls (5.7%) were involved in the bullying of other children and a higher percentage of boys (23.7%) than girls (14.3%) were identified as victims. Girls were equally likely to become victims of bullies regardless if they were in lower (grades 4 and 5) or higher(grades 6 and 7) elementary grades. Tboys, on the other hand, were more likely to be victims of bullies when in lower as compared to higher grades. The percentage of boys identified as bullies in lower (grades 4 and 5) as compared to higher grades (grades 6 and 7) was not significantly different. Consequently, it may be implied that, among elementary boys aged 8 to 12 years, bullying involvement may not be necessarily related to age. Findings from multiple regression analyses indicated that anxiety and depression were moderately related to victimization among boys and girls. This finding highlights the importance of assessing social-emotional factors such as level of anxiety and depression among youngsters identified as victims of bullying. The association between self-esteem and victimization for boys and for girls was not found to be significantly related to victimization. The results of this study lend support for the association between social-emotional factors and bullying behaviours among elementary-aged boys and girls. That is, multiple regression analyses revealed a moderate relationship between bullying behaviour and depression for girls but not for boys. However, anxiety and self-esteem were not significantly related to bullying among girls. Among boys, a significant although low relationship was found between self-esteem and bullying involvement.
Jet collimation in NGC 315 and other nearby AGN
Creators: name: Boccardi, B.
name: Perucho, M.
name: Casadio, C.
name: Grandi, P.
name: Macconi, D.
name: Torresi, E.
name: Pellegrini, S.
name: Krichbaum, T. P.
name: Kadler, M.
name: Giovannini, G.
name: Karamanavis, V.
name: Ricci, L.
name: Madika, E.
name: Bach, U.
name: Ros, E.
name: Giroletti, M.
name: Zensus, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. The collimation of relativistic jets in galaxies is a poorly understood process. Detailed radio studies of the jet collimation region have been performed so far in few individual objects, providing important constraints for jet formation models. However, the extent of the collimation zone as well as the nature of the external medium possibly confining the jet are still debated. Methods. In this article we present a multi-frequency and multi-scale analysis of the radio galaxy NGC 315, including the use of mm-VLBI data up to 86 GHz, aimed at revealing the evolution of the jet collimation profile. We then consider results from the literature to compare the jet expansion profile in a sample of 27 low-redshift sources, mainly comprising radio galaxies and BL Lacs, classified based on the accretion properties as low-excitation (LEG) and high-excitation (HEG) galaxies. Results.The jet collimation in NGC 315 is completed on sub-parsec scales. A transition from a parabolic to conical jet shape is detected at $z_{t}=0.58\pm0.28$ parsecs or ${\sim}5\times 10^3$ Schwarzschild radii ($R_{S}$) from the central engine, a distance which is much smaller than the Bondi radius, $r_{B}{\sim}92$ $\rm pc$, estimated based on X-ray data. The jet in this and in few other LEGs in our sample may be initially confined by a thick disk extending out to ${\sim}10^3$-$10^4$ $R_{S}$. A comparison between the mass-scaled jet expansion profiles of all sources indicates that jets in HEGs are surrounded by thicker disk-launched sheaths and collimate on larger scales with respect to jets in LEGs. These results suggest that disk winds play an important role in the jet collimation mechanism, particularly in high-luminosity sources. The impact of winds for the origin of the FRI/FRII dichotomy in radio galaxies is also discussed.
description: 14 pages plus appendix, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Multicomponent Decompositions for a Sample of S0 galaxies
Creators: name: Laurikainen, Eija
name: Salo, Heikki
name: Buta, Ronald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have estimated the bulge-to-total ($B/T$) light ratios in the $K_s$-band for a sample of 24 S0, S0/a and Sa galaxies by applying a 2-dimensional multicomponent decomposition method. For the disk an exponential function is used, the bulges are fitted by a Sérsic's $R^{1/n}$ function and the bars and ovals are described either by a Sérsic or a Ferrers function. In order to avoid non-physical solutions, preliminary characterization of the structural components is made by inspecting the radial profiles of the orientation parameters and the low azimuthal wavenumber Fourier amplitudes and phases. In order to identify also the inner structures, unsharp masks were created: previously undetected inner spiral arms were found in NGC 1415 and marginally in NGC 3941. Most importantly, we found that S0s have a mean $_K$-ratio of 0.24 $\pm$ 0.11, which is significantly smaller than the mean $_R$ = 0.6 generally reported in the literature. Also, the surface brightness profiles of the bulges in S0s were found to be more exponential-like than generally assumed, the mean shape parameter of the bulge being $$ = 2.1 $\pm$ 0.7. We did not find examples of barred S0s lacking the disk component, but we found some galaxies (NGC 718, NGC 1452, NGC 4608) having a non-exponential disk in the bar region. To our knowledge our study is the first attempt to apply a multicomponent decomposition method for a moderately sized sample of early-type disk galaxies
description: 30 pages, 17 Postscript figures, uses mn.tex. Accepted to MNRAS
The scattering order problem in Monte Carlo radiative transfer
Creators: name: Krieger, A.
name: Wolf, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiative transfer simulation is an important tool that allows us to generate synthetic images of various astrophysical objects. In the case of complex three-dimensional geometries, a Monte Carlo-based method that simulates photon packages as they move through and interact with their environment is often used. Previous studies have shown, in the regime of high optical depths, that the required number of simulated photon packages strongly rises and estimated fluxes may be severely underestimated. In this paper we identify two problems that arise for Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations that hinder a proper determination of flux: first, a mismatch between the probability and weight of the path of a photon package and second, the necessity of simulating a wide range of high scattering orders. Furthermore, we argue that the peel-off method partly solves these problems, and we additionally propose an extended peel-off method. Our proposed method improves several shortcomings of its basic variant and relies on the utilization of precalculated sphere spectra. We then combine both peel-off methods with the Split method and the Stretch method and numerically evaluate their capabilities as opposed to the pure Split$\,\&\,$Stretch method in an infinite plane-parallel slab setup. We find that the peel-off method greatly enhances the performance of these simulations; in particular, at a transverse optical depth of $τ_{\rm max}=75$ our method achieved a significantly lower error than previous methods while simultaneously saving ${>}95\%$ computation time. Finally, we discuss the inclusion of polarization and Mie-scattering in the extended peel-off method, and argue that it may be necessary to equip future Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations with additional advanced pathfinding techniques.
description: accepted by A&A, 18 pages, 11 figures
Thermal extension of the screened massive expansion in the Landau gauge
Creators: name: Siringo, Fabio
name: Comitini, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The massive screened expansion for pure SU(3) Yang-Mills theory is extended to finite temperature in the Landau gauge. All thermal integrals are evaluated analytically up to an external one-dimensional integration, yielding explicit integral representations of analytic functions which can be continued to the whole complex plane. The gluon propagator is first explored in the Euclidean space by making use of parameters obtained from first principles, which were already found to accurately reproduce the lattice data at zero temperature. Within such a scheme, the agreement with the lattice at $T\neq 0$ turns out to be only qualitative. The description improves provided that the parameters are tuned in a temperature-dependent way by a fit to the data, carried out separately for each component of the propagator; in particular, the transverse component closely follows the lattice data, while the agreement of the longitudinal component with the data is poor at small momenta and moderately high temperatures. The dispersion relations of the quasi-gluon are then extracted from the pole trajectory in the complex plane using the fitted parameters. A crossover is found for the mass, suppressed by temperature like an order parameter in the confined phase, while increasing like an ordinary thermal mass in the deconfined phase.
Total energy calculation for the metallic hcp phase of Zn in the bulk, layered, and quantum dot limits
Creators: name: Olguín, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural and electronic properties of the metallic hcp phase of Zn in the bulk, monolayer, bilayer, and quantum dot limits have been studied by using total energy calculations. From our calculated density of states and electronic band structure, in agreement with previous work, bulk hybridization of the Zn--$4s$, $3p$, and $3d$ orbitals is obtained. Furthermore, we found that this orbital hybridization is also obtained for the monolayer, bilayer, and quantum dot systems. At the same time, we found that the Zn monolayer and bilayer systems show electronic properties characteristic of lamellar systems, while the quantum dot system shows the behavior predicted for a 0D system.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Correlation between spin helicity and electric polarization vector in quantum-spin chain magnet LiCu$_2$O$_2$
Creators: name: Seki, S.
name: Yamasaki, Y.
name: Soda, M.
name: Matsuura, M.
name: Hirota, K.
name: Tokura, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of polarized neutron scattering were performed on a $S=1/2$ chain multiferroic LiCu$_2$O$_2$. In the ferroelectric ground state with the spontaneous polarization along the c-axis, the existence of transverse spiral spin component in the $bc$-plane was confirmed. When the direction of electric polarization is reversed, the vector spin chirality as defined by ${\bf C}_{ij} = {\bf S}_i \times {\bf S}_j$ ($i$ and $j$ being the neighboring spin sites) is observed to be reversed, indicating that the spin-current model or the inverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya mechanism is applicable even to this $e_{\mathrm{g}}$-electron quantum-spin system. Differential scattering intensity of polarized neutrons shows a large discrepancy from that expected for the classical-spin $bc$-cycloidal structure, implying the effect of large quantum fluctuation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: AI Spectacles for Big Telescopes
title: Wavefront estimation with image-to-image translation for astronomical instrumentation and applications
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Smith, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The current generation and in-construction next generation of large optical telescopes require accurate estimation of the wavefront error to correct aberrations in observations. As there is no direct method of measuring the phase error, it is estimated through transformation to an intensity plot using sophisticated wavefront sensors such as the Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor (SH-WFS). In particular, a coarse map of the wavefront is indicated by average slope measurements taken from a physical array of lenslets in the SH-WFS.   
We introduce a new method of wavefront estimation that can interpret highly non-linear information that is available using the existing SH-WFS. Until now such information was not practical for enhanced control of instruments. Moreover, its use in post-processing workflows to enhance science assets has been limited, due to the unrealistic assumptions in incumbent numerical codes. Through the adaptation and development of conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) and UNets, this non-linear information is interpreted and applied to enhance wavefront estimation. Two applications requiring wavefront estimation are Point-Spread Function Reconstruction for post processing and Real-Time Adaptive Optics Control. We have undertaken a deep simulation study of both applications, demonstrating that these are significantly improved in experimentation with simulated data over the range of expected atmospheric conditions.  
In this work we present new wavefront estimation methods for PSF-R and AO control by designing experiments and training networks to demonstrate the benefits of using Machine Learning (ML) to aid in wavefront estimation in simulation. We find that our data driven methods can significantly exceed performance of incumbent processes for PSF-R (three orders of magnitude) and real-time control (up to 10% Strehl Ratio) of Adaptive Optics (AO) systems. 
We apply statistical methods to examine the wavefront estimates of our networks to explain our assumptions and motivate design choices for each application. These networks are then subject to analysis with simulated noise effects where we demonstrate the strengths and limitations of our ML methods at the limits of photon flux for our simulated instruments. Our results have the potential to increase the sky coverage of existing and new telescopes and instruments, and the design of new methods and sensors for non-linear wavefront estimation.
Resolved Massive Star Clusters in the Milky Way and its Satellites: Brightness Profiles and a Catalogue of Fundamental Parameters
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Dean E.
name: van der Marel, Roeland P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged]: We present a database of structural and dynamical properties for 153 spatially resolved star clusters (50 "young massive clusters" and 103 old globulars) in the Milky Way, the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, and the Fornax dwarf spheroidal. This database complements and extends others in the literature, such as those of Harris, and Mackey & Gilmore. By fitting a number of models to the clusters' density profiles, we derive various characteristic surface brightnesses and radii; central potentials, velocity dispersions, and escape velocities; total luminosities, masses, and binding energies; phase-space densities and relaxation timescales; and ``kappa-space'' parameters. Population-synthesis models are used to predict intrinsic (B-V) colors, reddenings, and V-band mass-to-light ratios for the same 153 clusters plus another 63 globulars in the Milky Way, and we compare these predictions to the observed quantities where available. These results are intended to serve as the basis for future investigations of structural correlations and the fundamental plane of massive star clusters, including especially comparisons between the systemic properties of young and old clusters. We also address the question of what structural model fits each cluster best, and argue that the extended halos known to characterize many Magellanic Cloud clusters may be examples of the generic envelope structure of self-gravitating star clusters, not just transient features associated strictly with young age.
description: Published in ApJS. 60 pages (more than half figures and tables) using emulateapj.sty. A full-resolution PDF version and complete, machine-readable tables can also be found at http://www.astro.le.ac.uk/~dm131/clusters.html
Grammatical and semantic elicitation: Ditransitives and bare noun interpretation
Creators: name: Kipkoech, Linus
name: Bossi, Madeline
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: sgc

description: One .mp4 file and one .pdf file. Elicitation to test the relationship between direct and indirect objects in ditransitives. Elicitation of singular and plural count nouns and their various interpretations (e.g. generic, existential, and definite).
Study of hydrogen confined in onion shells
Creators: name: Frapiccini, Ana Laura
name: Mitnik, Dario Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81V45

description: In this work, we present a theoretical study of the photoionization for atomic hydrogen confined in onion fullerene compared with the bare H atom and the single fullerene case. We obtained the expected confinement resonances for the integrated probabilities, finding different trends for the main peak and the first ATI peak integrations. We perform these calculations with a recently developed methodology using Generalized Sturmian Functions to numerically solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Electron-phonon coupling and spin-charge separation in one-dimensional Mott insulators
Creators: name: Matsueda, Hiroaki
name: Tohyama, Takami
name: Maekawa, Sadamichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the single-particle excitation spectrum in the one-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein model at half-filling by performing the dynamical density matrix renormalization group (DDMRG) calculation. The DDMRG results are interpreted as superposition of spectra for a spinless carrier dressed with phonons. The superposition is a consequence of robustness of the spin-charge separation against electron-phonon coupling. The separation is in contrast to the coupling between phonon and spin degrees of freedom in two-dimensional systems. We discuss implication of the results of the recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements on SrCuO${}_{2}$.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. submitted to the Physical Review Letters
Alberts, Louw, Chikane, Frank: The road to Rustenburg
Creators: name: Schroer, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 41 Nr. 2 (1992): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 41, Heft 2
Collaborative Tagging and Semiotic Dynamics
Creators: name: Cattuto, Ciro
name: Loreto, Vittorio
name: Pietronero, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collaborative tagging has been quickly gaining ground because of its ability to recruit the activity of web users into effectively organizing and sharing vast amounts of information. Here we collect data from a popular system and investigate the statistical properties of tag co-occurrence. We introduce a stochastic model of user behavior embodying two main aspects of collaborative tagging: (i) a frequency-bias mechanism related to the idea that users are exposed to each other's tagging activity; (ii) a notion of memory - or aging of resources - in the form of a heavy-tailed access to the past state of the system. Remarkably, our simple modeling is able to account quantitatively for the observed experimental features, with a surprisingly high accuracy. This points in the direction of a universal behavior of users, who - despite the complexity of their own cognitive processes and the uncoordinated and selfish nature of their tagging activity - appear to follow simple activity patterns.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Properties of an alternative off-shell formulation of 4D supergravity
Creators: name: Brandt, Friedemann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article elaborates on an off-shell formulation of D=4, N=1 supergravity whose auxiliary fields comprise an antisymmetric tensor field without gauge degrees of freedom. In particular, the relation to new minimal supergravity, a supercovariant tensor calculus and the construction of invariant actions including matter fields are discussed.
description: 17 pages; v2: eq. (2.27) and typos corrected, text improved; v3: typo in eq. (3.24) corrected, some text at end of sec. 2 and style of refs. adapted to published version
Metallicity and Physical Conditions in the Magellanic Bridge
Creators: name: Lehner, N.
name: Howk, J. C.
name: Keenan, F. P.
name: Smoker, J. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new analysis of the diffuse gas in the Magellanic Bridge (RA>3h) based on HST/STIS E140M and FUSE spectra of 2 early-type stars lying within the Bridge and a QSO behind it. We derive the column densities of HI (from Lyα), NI, OI, ArI, SiII, SII, and FeII of the gas in the Bridge. Using the atomic species, we determine the first gas-phase metallicity of the Magellanic Bridge, [Z/H]=-1.02+/-0.07 toward one sightline, and -1.7
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJ
Data over dialogue: Why artificial intelligence is unlikely to humanise medicine
Creators: name: HATHERLEY, JOSHUA JAMES
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 461199
subject: Machine learning not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 500106
subject: Medical ethics
classificationCode: 500101
subject: Bioethics

description: Recently, a growing number of experts in artificial intelligence (AI) and medicine have be-gun to suggest that the use of AI systems, particularly machine learning (ML) systems, is likely to humanise the practice of medicine by substantially improving the quality of clinician-patient relationships. In this thesis, however, I argue that medical ML systems are more likely to negatively impact these relationships than to improve them. In particular, I argue that the use of medical ML systems is likely to comprise the quality of trust, care, empathy, understanding, and communication between clinicians and patients.
Collective Chaos Induced by Structures of Complex Networks
Creators: name: Yang, Huijie
name: Zhao, Fangcui
name: Wang, Binghong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Mapping a complex network of $N$coupled identical oscillators to a quantum system, the nearest neighbor level spacing (NNLS) distribution is used to identify collective chaos in the corresponding classical dynamics on the complex network. The classical dynamics on an Erdos-Renyi network with the wiring probability $p_{ER} \le \frac{1}{N}$ is in the state of collective order, while that on an Erdos-Renyi network with $p_{ER} > \frac{1}{N}$ in the state of collective chaos. The dynamics on a WS Small-world complex network evolves from collective order to collective chaos rapidly in the region of the rewiring probability $p_r \in [0.0,0.1]$, and then keeps chaotic up to $p_r = 1.0$. The dynamics on a Growing Random Network (GRN) is in a special state deviates from order significantly in a way opposite to that on WS small-world networks. Each network can be measured by a couple values of two parameters $(β,η)$.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, To appear in Physica A
Tidally induced stellar oscillations: converting modelled oscillations excited by hot Jupiters into observables
Creators: name: Bunting, Andrew
name: Terquem, Caroline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the conversion from non-adiabatic, non-radial oscillations tidally induced by a hot Jupiter on a star to observable spectroscopic and photometric signals. Models with both frozen convection and an approximation for a perturbation to the convective flux are discussed. Observables are calculated for some real planetary systems to give specific predictions. Time-dependent line broadening and the radial velocity signal during transit are both investigated as methods to provide further insight into the nature of the stellar oscillations. The photometric signal is predicted to be proportional to the inverse square of the orbital period, $P^{-2}$, as in the equilibrium tide approximation. However, the radial velocity signal is predicted to be proportional to $ P^{-1}$, and is therefore much larger at long orbital periods than the signal corresponding to the equilibrium tide approximation, which is proportional to $P^{-3}$. The prospects for detecting these oscillations and the implications for the detection and characterisation of planets are discussed.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Cultural Festivities in Nigeria as a Tool for Sustainable Development
Creators: name: Abba, Umar
name: Abubakar, Ahmad Said
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Festival is a way of life for people. In Nigeria for instance, there are different types of festivals and masquerades to praise the Holy Spirit or mark the return of the spirits to human societies and to celebrate or regain the fertility of people and fields. What constitutes the African theatre today can rightly be attributed to traditional festivals that epitomize the culture and religion of the Africans. However, this paper aimed at describing the potentialities of cultural festivities in harnessing cultural resource for sustainable development. The paper also derives from environmental determinism perspective which describes the activity of man is largely determine by his own physical environment. Nigerians living in different areas of the country have learned to adapt to their environment as it determines the types of culture to practice in that particular environment. This is the reason why almost every state in Nigeria has its own particular festival to showcase in a given place over a specific period of time. Moreover, Kano state has major festivities such as Sallah Durba, Maukibi, Takutaha; Ikeji and Iwaji Festivities are in Abia State, in Lagos State there are Eyo Festival, Food Festival
Pairing correlations in the cuprates: a numerical study of the three-band Hubbard model
Creators: name: Mai, Peizhi
name: Balduzzi, Giovanni
name: Johnston, Steven
name: Maier, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the three-band Hubbard model for the copper oxide plane of the high-temperature superconducting cuprates using determinant quantum Monte Carlo and the dynamical cluster approximation (DCA) and provide a comprehensive view of the pairing correlations in this model using these methods. Specifically, we compute the pair-field susceptibility and study its dependence on temperature, doping, interaction strength, and charge-transfer energy. Using the DCA, we also solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the two-particle Green's function in the particle-particle channel to determine the transition temperature to the superconducting phase on smaller clusters. Our calculations reproduce many aspects of the cuprate phase diagram and indicate that there is an "optimal" value of the charge-transfer energy for the model where $T_c$ is largest. These results have implications for our understanding of superconductivity in both the cuprates and other doped charge-transfer insulators.
Light nuclei with semilocal momentum-space regularized chiral interactions up to third order
Creators: name: Maris, P.
name: Epelbaum, E.
name: Furnstahl, R. J.
name: Golak, J.
name: Hebeler, K.
name: Hüther, T.
name: Kamada, H.
name: Krebs, H.
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
name: Melendez, J. A.
name: Nogga, A.
name: Reinert, P.
name: Roth, R.
name: Skibiński, R.
name: Soloviov, V.
name: Topolnicki, K.
name: Vary, J. P.
name: Volkotrub, Yu.
name: Witała, H.
name: Wolfgruber, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic investigation of few-nucleon systems and light nuclei using the current LENPIC interactions comprising semilocal momentum-space regularized two- and three-nucleon forces up to third chiral order (N$^2$LO). Following our earlier study utilizing the coordinate-space regularized interactions, the two low-energy constants entering the three-body force are determined from the triton binding energy and the differential cross section minimum in elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering. Predictions are made for selected observables in elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering and in the deuteron breakup reactions, for properties of the $A=3$ and $A=4$ nuclei, and for spectra of $p$-shell nuclei up to $A = 16$. A comprehensive error analysis is performed including an estimation of correlated truncation uncertainties for nuclear spectra. The obtained predictions are generally found to agree with experimental data within errors. Similar to the coordinate-space regularized chiral interactions at the same order, a systematic overbinding of heavier nuclei is observed, which sets in for $A \sim 10$ and increases with $A$.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables, added reference
Performance of the neutron polarimeter NPOL3 for high resolution measurements
Creators: name: Wakasa, T.
name: Hagihara, Y.
name: Sasano, M.
name: Asaji, S.
name: Fujita, K.
name: Hatanaka, K.
name: Ishida, T.
name: Kawabata, T.
name: Kuboki, H.
name: Maeda, Y.
name: Noro, T.
name: Saito, T.
name: Sakai, H.
name: Sakemi, Y.
name: Sekiguchi, K.
name: Shimizu, Y.
name: Tamii, A.
name: Tameshige, Y.
name: Yako, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the neutron polarimeter NPOL3 for the measurement of polarization transfer observables $D_{ij}$ with a typical high resolution of $\sim$300 keV at $T_n$ $\simeq$ 200 MeV. The NPOL3 system consists of three planes of neutron detectors. The first two planes for neutron polarization analysis are made of 20 sets of one-dimensional position-sensitive plastic scintillation counters with a size of 100 cm $\times$ 10 cm $\times$ 5 cm, and they cover the area of 100 $\times$ 100 $\mathrm{cm}^2$. The last plane for detecting doubly scattered neutrons or recoiled protons is made of the two-dimensional position-sensitive liquid scintillation counter with a size of 100 cm $\times$ 100 cm $\times$ 10 cm. The effective analyzing powers $A_{y;\mathrm{eff}}$ and double scattering efficiencies $ε_{\mathrm{D.S.}}$ were measured by using the three kinds of polarized neutrons from the ${}^{2}{\rm H}(\vec{p},\vec{n})pp$, ${}^{6}{\rm Li}(\vec{p},\vec{n}){}^{6}{\rm Be}(\mathrm{g.s.})$, and ${}^{12}{\rm C}(\vec{p},\vec{n}){}^{12}{\rm N}(\mathrm{g.s.})$ reactions at $T_p$ = 198 MeV. The performance of NPOL3 defined as $ε_{\mathrm{D.S.}}(A_{y;\mathrm{eff}})^2$ are similar to that of the Indiana Neutron POLarimeter (INPOL) by taking into account for the counter configuration difference between these two neutron polarimeters.
description: 28 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
Rothe, Stefan: Der südafrikanische Kirchenrat (1968-1988): aus liberaler Opposition zum radikalen Widerstand
Creators: name: Grohs, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 41 Nr. 2 (1992): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 41, Heft 2
Proper and improper chiral magnetic interactions
Creators: name: Dias, Manuel dos Santos
name: Brinker, Sascha
name: Lászlóffy, András
name: Nyári, Bendegúz
name: Blügel, Stefan
name: Szunyogh, László
name: Lounis, Samir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomistic spin models are of great value for predicting and understanding the magnetic properties of real materials, and extensions of the existing models open routes to new physics and potential applications. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is the prototype for chiral magnetic interactions, and several recent works have uncovered or proposed various types of generalized chiral interactions. However, in some cases the proposed interactions or their interpretation do not comply with basic principles such as being independent of the magnetic configuration from which they are evaluated, or even obeying time-reversal invariance. In this letter, we present a simple explanation for the origin of these puzzling findings, and point out how to resolve them.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Improved BFT embedding having chain-structure
Creators: name: Kim, Yong-Wan
name: Chang-Young, Ee
name: Kim, Seung-Kook
name: Park, Young-Jai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We newly revisit the gauge non-invariant chiral Schwinger model with a=1 in view of the chain structure. As a result, we show that the Dirac brackets can be easily read off from the exact symplectic algebra of second-class constraints. Furthermore, by using an improved BFT embedding preserving the chain structure, we obtain the desired gauge invariant action including a new type of Wess-Zumino term.
description: 15 pages, LaTeX file
The catholic ethos in the novels of John Buell
Creators: name: Ashworth, John Francis Raymond
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A paradigm of transcendence pervades Buell's novels, imaginatively conceived from within a Catholic consciousness of God's grace in effecting redemption. Safeguarding the Real Presence from invidious sacrilege, Elizabeth Lucy in The Pyx achieves heroic sanctity, losing her life to gain glory as a martyr to her faith . The Eucharist also has centrality in the lives of Stan Hagen and Martin Lacey in A Lot To Make Up For as they share in the sacrificial oblation at mass. In Four Days, sacred love suffuses profane love, the sanctity of human love being yet another manifestation of God's presence in the world, only to be tragically subverted by deception and self-interest. Buell's Catholic consciousness is also noticeably present in his thematic development of redemptive suffering. In Playground, the narrative reveals that suffering is itself the path to healing. The novel details Spence Morisons's suffering toward what he trusts will be his deliverance, his redemption taking the form of his conversion to a new self-realization about the nature of his humanity. In The Shrewsdale Exit, on the other hand, the need for conversion becomes apparent when Joe Hagen surrenders to a desire for murderous vengeance. A resolution is effected when Joe forsakes revenge, finding deliverance in the assurance that justice will prevail.
The long-term evolution of main-sequence binaries in DRAGON simulations
Creators: name: Shu, Qi
name: Pang, Xiaoying
name: Dotti, Francesco Flammini
name: Kouwenhoven, M. B. N.
name: Sedda, Manuel Arca
name: Spurzem, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive investigation of main-sequence (MS) binaries in the DRAGON simulations, which are the first one-million particles direct $N$-body simulations of globular clusters. We analyse the orbital parameters of the binary samples in two of the DRAGON simulations, D1-R7- IMF93 and D2-R7-IMF01, focusing on their secular evolution and correlations up to 12 Gyr. These two models have different initial stellar mass functions: Kroupa 1993 (D1-R7-IMF93) and Kroupa 2001 (D2-R7-IMF01); and different initial mass ratio distributions: random paring (D1-R7-IMF93) and a power-law (D1-R7-IMF93). In general, the mass ratio of a population of binaries increases over time due to stellar evolution, which is less significant in D2-R7-IMF01. In D1-R7-IMF93, primordial binaries with mass ratio $q \approx$ 0.2 are most common, and the frequency linearly declines with increasing $q$ at all times. Dynamical binaries of both models have higher eccentricities and larger semi-major axes than primordial binaries. They are preferentially located in the inner part of the star cluster. Secular evolution of binary orbital parameters does not depend on the initial mass-ratio distribution, but is sensitive to the initial binary distribution of the system. At t = 12 Gyr, the binary fraction decreases radially outwards, and mass segregation is present. A color difference of 0.1 mag in $F330W-F814W$ and 0.2 mag in $NUV-y$ between the core and the outskirts of both clusters is seen, which is a reflection of the binary radial distribution and the mass segregation in the cluster. The complete set of data for primordial and dynamical binary systems at all snapshot intervals is made publicly available.
description: 40 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS on date 29 November 2020
Probing Systematic Bias in Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernova Measurements by Cross Analyzing Surface Brightness and Hubble Residuals
Creators: name: Solak, H.
name: Kessler, R.
name: Jones, D. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For low-redshift (z < 0.1) Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) samples used in several cosmological analyses over the past decade, we probe for systematic bias by looking for correlations between surface brightness (SB) measurements and Hubble residuals (HR). For 292 SNe Ia, we measure SB at the location of the SN Ia from publicly available Pan-STARRS (PS1) images. The Hubble residuals are from two recent measurements with low-z SNe Ia that overlap the PS1 footprint: 1) the DES 3-year cosmology analysis, with 120 overlapping low-z SNe Ia from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics surveys and Carnegie Supernova Project, and 2) the PS1 single-telescope analysis, with 172 overlapping low-z SNe Ia from the Foundation Supernova Survey. This study is motivated by previous reports of anomalous inefficiencies and flux scatter for transients on bright galaxies. We compare HR distributions of the bright and faint halves of the SB distribution: the mean HR values differ by Delta HR = 0.031 +- 0.018, consistent with no difference at the 2 sigma level. We also perform a Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test for the bright and faint half HR distributions, and conclude that the two distributions are statistically consistent with a KS p-value of 0.07. However, if future studies with larger datasets find Delta HR ~ 0.03 with high significance, this difference would be a leading systematic uncertainty in measurements of the dark energy equation of state, w.
Super-Eddington mass growth of intermediate-mass black holes embedded in dusty circumnuclear disks
Creators: name: Toyouchi, Daisuke
name: Inayoshi, Kohei
name: Hosokawa, Takashi
name: Kuiper, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the first three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamical simulations that investigate the growth of intermediate-mass BHs (IMBHs) embedded in massive self-gravitating, dusty nuclear accretion disks. We explore the dependence of mass accretion efficiency on the gas metallicity $Z$ and mass injection at super-Eddington accretion rates from the outer galactic disk $\dot{M}_{\rm in}$, and find that the central BH can be fed at rates exceeding the Eddington rate only when the dusty disk becomes sufficiently optically thick to ionizing radiation. In this case, mass outflows from the disk owing to photoevaporation is suppressed and thus a large fraction ($\gtrsim 40\%$) of the mass injection rate can feed the central BH. The conditions are expressed as $\dot{M}_{\rm in} > 2.2\times 10^{-1}~M_\odot ~{\rm yr}^{-1} (1+Z/10^{-2}~Z_\odot)^{-1}(c_{\rm s}/10~{\rm km~s}^{-1})$, where $c_{\rm s}$ is the sound speed in the gaseous disk. With increasing numerical resolution, vigorous disk fragmentation reduces the disk surface density and dynamical heating by formed clumps makes the disk thickness higher. As a result, the photoevaorative mass-loss rate rises and thus the critical injection rate increases for fixed metallicity. This process enables super-Eddington growth of BHs until the BH mass reaches $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^{7-8}~M_\odot$, depending on the properties of the host dark-matter halo and metal-enrichment history. In the assembly of protogalaxies, seed BHs that form in overdense regions with a mass variance of 3-4$σ$ at $z\sim 15-20$ are able to undergo short periods of their rapid growth and transits into the Eddington-limited growth phase afterwards to be supermassive BHs observed at $z>6-7$.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ
Electron transport in DNA bases: An extension of the Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo toolkit
Creators: name: Zein, Sara A.
name: Bordage, Marie-Claude
name: Francis, Ziad
name: Macetti, Giovanni
name: Genoni, Alessandro
name: Cappello, Claude Dal
name: Shin, Wook-Geun
name: Incerti, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this work is to extend the Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo toolkit to include electron interactions with the four DNA bases using a set of cross sections recently implemented in Geant-DNA CPA100 models and available for liquid water. Electron interaction cross sections for elastic scattering, ionisation, and electronic excitation were calculated in the four DNA bases adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine. The electron energy range is extended to include relativistic electrons. Elastic scattering cross sections were calculated using the independent atom model with amplitude derived from ELSEPA code. Relativistic Binary Encounter Bethe Vriens model was used to calculate ionisation cross sections. The electronic excitation cross sections calculations were based on the water cross sections following the same strategy used in CPA100 code. These were implemented within the Geant4-DNA option6 physics constructor to extend its capability of tracking electrons in DNA material in addition to liquid water. Since DNA nucleobases have different molecular structure than water it is important to perform more accurate simulations especially because DNA is considered the most radiosensitive structure in cells. Differential and integrated cross sections calculations were in good agreement with data from the literature for all DNA bases. Stopping power, range and inelastic mean free path calculations in the four DNA bases using this new extension of Geant4-DNA option6 are in good agreement with calculations done by other studies, especially for high energy electrons. Some deviations are shown at the low electron energy range, which could be attributed to the different interaction models. Comparison with water simulations shows obvious difference which emphasizes the need to include DNA bases cross sections in track structure codes for better estimation of radiation effects on biological material.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures, 1 table