cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spectral fluctuations and 1/f noise in the order-chaos transition regime
Creators: name: Santhanam, M. S.
name: Bandyopadhyay, Jayendra N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Level fluctuations in quantum system have been used to characterize quantum chaos using random matrix models. Recently time series methods were used to relate level fluctuations to the classical dynamics in the regular and chaotic limit. In this we show that the spectrum of the system undergoing order to chaos transition displays a characteristic $f^{-γ}$ noise and $γ$ is correlated with the classical chaos in the system. We demonstrate this using a smooth potential and a time-dependent system modeled by Gaussian and circular ensembles respectively of random matrix theory. We show the effect of short periodic orbits on these fluctuation measures.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Modified version. To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Evaluation of Hydraway and Advanedge Pavement Edge Drains on the Mountain Parkway
Creators: name: Fleckenstein, L. John
name: Allen, David L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Since 1985, Kentucky has used prefabricated edge drains on many of its major highways. Three brands have been installed to date (Hydraway, Advanedge, Akwadrain). By far, the largest quantity of material used has been Hydraway. In the past year, considerable effort has been expended in observing these materials and their behavior in the field. Problems have developed with the Hydraway material, some of which were documented in Research Report No. UKTRP-88-15 (Evaluation of Hydraway Edge Drain on Pennyrile Parkway). This brief report documents the history of edge drain installations, recent observations made on the Mountain Parkway in Powell County, and makes some recommendations based upon experience gained to date.
Optimal correlation order in super-resolution optical fluctuation microscopy
Creators: name: Vlasenko, S.
name: Mikhalychev, A. B.
name: Karuseichyk, I. L.
name: Lyakhov, D. A.
name: Michels, D. L.
name: Mogilevtsev, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we show that, contrary to the common opinion, the super-resolution optical fluctuation microscopy might not lead to ideally infinite super-resolution enhancement with increasing of the order of measured cumulants. Using information analysis for estimating error bounds on the determination of point sources positions, we show that reachable precision per measurement might be saturated with increasing of the order of the measured cumulants in the super-resolution regime. In fact, there is an optimal correlation order beyond which there is practically no improvement for objects of three and more point sources. However, for objects of just two sources, one still has an intuitively expected resolution increase with the cumulant order.
Nature of giant pulses in radio pulsars
Creators: name: Petrova, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Formation of giant radio pulses is attributed to propagation effects in the plasma of pulsar magnetosphere. Induced scattering of radio waves by the plasma particles is found to lead to an efficient redistribution of the radio emission in frequency. With the steep spectrum of pulsar radiation, intensity transfer between the widely spaced frequencies may imply significant narrow-band amplification of the radiation. This may give rise to giant pulses. It is demonstrated that the statistics of giant pulse intensities observed can be reproduced if one take into account pulse-to-pulse fluctuations of the plasma number density and the original intensity. Polarization properties of the strongly amplified pulses, their location in the average pulse window and the origin of the nanostructure of giant pulses are discussed as well.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures. Invited review for the 2005 Hanas Lake International Pulsar Symposium, to appear in ChJAA
Additional file 4 of Comparison of methodologies used to determine aromatic lignin unit ratios in lignocellulosic biomass
Creators: name: Happs, Renee M.
name: Addison, Bennett
name: Crissa Doeppke
name: Donohoe, Bryon S.
name: Davis, Mark F.
name: Harman-Ware, Anne E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional File 4. 2D 1H -13C HSQC spectra and 1D 13C CP MAS Interrupted Decoupling spectra with spectral deconvolution peak fitting results of biomass samples.
Modelling Open-Source Software Reliability Incorporating Swarm Intelligence-Based Techniques
Creators: name: Shatnawi, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the software industry, two software engineering development best practices coexist: open-source and closed-source software. The former has a shared code that anyone can contribute, whereas the latter has a proprietary code that only the owner can access. Software reliability is crucial in the industry when a new product or update is released. Applying meta-heuristic optimization algorithms for closed-source software reliability prediction has produced significant and accurate results. Now, open-source software dominates the landscape of cloud-based systems. Therefore, providing results on open-source software reliability - as a quality indicator - would greatly help solve the open-source software reliability growth-modelling problem. The reliability is predicted by estimating the parameters of the software reliability models. As software reliability models are inherently nonlinear, traditional approaches make estimating the appropriate parameters difficult and ineffective. Consequently, software reliability models necessitate a high-quality parameter estimation technique. These objectives dictate the exploration of potential applications of meta-heuristic swarm intelligence optimization algorithms for optimizing the parameter estimation of nonhomogeneous Poisson process-based open-source software reliability modelling. The optimization algorithms are firefly, social spider, artificial bee colony, grey wolf, particle swarm, moth flame, and whale. The applicability and performance evaluation of the optimization modelling approach is demonstrated through two real open-source software reliability datasets. The results are promising.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables
Spin polarized current generation from quantum dots without magnetic fields
Creators: name: Krich, Jacob J.
name: Halperin, Bertrand I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An unpolarized charge current passing through a chaotic quantum dot with spin-orbit coupling can produce a spin polarized exit current without magnetic fields or ferromagnets. We use random matrix theory to estimate the typical spin polarization as a function of the number of channels in each lead in the limit of large spin-orbit coupling. We find rms spin polarizations up to 45% with one input channel and two output channels. Finite temperature and dephasing both suppress the effect, and we include dephasing effects using a new variation of the third lead model. If there is only one channel in the output lead, no spin polarization can be produced, but we show that dephasing lifts this restriction.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Revised version with reference to Bardarson, Adagideli, and Jacquod, Phys Rev Lett 98, 196601 (2007), who performed an analogous calculation in a different geometry
Das Gedenken am 50. Jahrestag des deutschen Überfalls auf die Sowjetunion
Creators: name: Henkys, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 40 Nr. 4 (1991): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 40, Heft 4
Probable absence of a quadrupolar spin-nematic phase in the bilinear-biquadratic spin-1 chain
Creators: name: Buchta, K.
name: Fáth, G.
name: Legeza, Ö.
name: Sólyom, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the ground-state phase diagram of the bilinear-biquadratic spin-1 chain near the ferromagnetic instability point, where the existence of a gapped or gapless nondimerized quantum nematic phase has been suggested. Our results, obtained by a highly accurate density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) calculation are consistent with the view that the order parameter characterizing the dimer phase vanishes only at the point where the system becomes ferromagnetic, although the existence of a gapped or gapless nondimerized phase in a very narrow parameter range between the ferromagnetic and the dimerized regimes cannot be ruled out.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
An asymptotic expansion for the expected number of real zeros of Kac-Geronimus polynomials
Creators: name: Aljubran, Hanan
name: Yattselev, Maxim L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30C15, 26C10, 30B20

description: Let $ \{φ_i(z;α)\}_{i=0}^\infty $, corresponding to $ α\in(-1,1) $, be orthonormal Geronimus polynomials. We study asymptotic behavior of the expected number of real zeros, say $ \mathbb E_n(α) $, of random polynomials \[ P_n(z) := \sum_{i=0}^nη_iφ_i(z;α), \] where $ η_0,\dots,η_n $ are i.i.d. standard Gaussian random variables. When $ α=0 $, $ φ_i(z;0)=z^i $ and $ P_n(z)$ are called Kac polynomials. In this case it was shown by Wilkins that $ \mathbb E_n(0)$ admits an asymptotic expansion of the form \[ \mathbb E_n(0) \sim \frac2π\log(n+1) + \sum_{p=0}^\infty A_p(n+1)^{-p} \] (Kac himself obtained the leading term of this expansion). In this work we obtain a similar expansion of $ \mathbb E(α) $ for $ α\neq 0 $. As it turns out, the leading term of the asymptotics in this case is $ (1/π)\log(n+1) $.
Zero-shot Microclimate Prediction with Deep Learning
Creators: name: Deznabi, Iman
name: Kumar, Peeyush
name: Fiterau, Madalina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weather station data is a valuable resource for climate prediction, however, its reliability can be limited in remote locations. To compound the issue, making local predictions often relies on sensor data that may not be accessible for a new, previously unmonitored location. In response to these challenges, we propose a novel zero-shot learning approach designed to forecast various climate measurements at new and unmonitored locations. Our method surpasses conventional weather forecasting techniques in predicting microclimate variables by leveraging knowledge extracted from other geographic locations.
Beyond Jarlskog: 699 invariants for CP violation in SMEFT
Creators: name: Bonnefoy, Quentin René Christian
name: Gendy, Emanuele
name: Grojean, Christophe
name: Ruderman, Joshua
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: CP, violation
boson, operator
higher-order, 0
conservation law, CP
operator, dimension
Jarlskog
collective
flavor

description: As SMEFT is a framework of growing importance to analyze high-energy data, understanding its parameter space is crucial. The latter is commonly split into CP-even and CP-odd parts, but this classification is obscured by the fact that CP violation is actually a collective effect that is best captured by considering flavor-invariant combinations of Lagrangian parameters. First we show that fermion rephasing invariance imposes that several coefficients associated to dimension-six operators can never interfere with operators of dimension $\leq4$ and thus cannot appear in any physical observable at ${\cal O}\left(1/\Lambda^2\right)$. For those that can, instead, we establish a one-to-one correspondence with CP-odd flavor invariants, all linear with respect to SMEFT coefficients. We explicitly present complete lists of such linear CP-odd invariants, and carefully examine their relationship to CP breaking throughout the parameter space of coefficients of dimension $\leq 4$. Requiring that these invariants all vanish, together with the Jarlskog invariant, the strong-CP phase, and the 6 CP-violating dimension-6 bosonic operators, provides $699(+1+1+6)$ conditions for CP conservation to hold in any observable at leading order, ${\cal O}\left(1/\Lambda^2\right)$.
Nonlinearity-induced reciprocity breaking in a single non-magnetic Taiji resonator
Creators: name: Heras, A. Muñoz de las
name: Franchi, R.
name: Biasi, S.
name: Ghulinyan, M.
name: Pavesi, L.
name: Carusotto, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the demonstration of an effective, nonlinearity-induced non-reciprocal behavior in a single non-magnetic multi-mode Taiji resonator. Non-reciprocity is achieved by a combination of an intensity-dependent refractive index and of a broken spatial reflection symmetry. Continuous wave power dependent transmission experiments show non-reciprocity and a direction-dependent optical bistability loop. These can be explained in terms of the unidirectional mode coupling that causes an asymmetric power enhancement in the resonator. The observations are quantitatively reproduced by a numerical finite-element theory and physically explained by an analytical coupled-mode theory. This nonlinear Taiji resonator has the potential of being the building block of large arrays where to study topological and/or non-Hermitian physics. This represents an important step towards the miniaturization of nonreciprocal elements for photonic integrated networks.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Vector incrimination and transmission of avian malaria at an aquarium in Japan: mismatch in parasite composition between mosquitoes and penguins
Creators: name: Inumaru, Mizue
name: Yamada, Atsushi
name: Shimizu, Misa
name: Ono, Ayana
name: Horinouchi, Makiko
name: Shimamoto, Tatsuki
name: Tsuda, Yoshio
name: Murata, Koichi
name: Sato, Yukita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Detailed information on genetic lineages of avian malarial parasites detected in this study, including previous detections.
Construction and Performance Evaluation of Geocomposite Pavement Edge Drains Hydraway and Akwadrain
Creators: name: Fleckenstein, L. John
name: Allen, David L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Construction and performance evaluations of Hydraway and Akwadrain edge drains are presented. Construction procedures, laboratory tests, and discharge data, are included.
Light and heavy metal abundances in hot central stars of planetary nebulae
Creators: name: Werner, K.
name: Hoffmann, A. I. D.
name: Jahn, D.
name: Rauch, T.
name: Reiff, E.
name: Traulsen, I.
name: Kruk, J. W.
name: Dreizler, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new results from our spectral analyses of very hot central stars achieved since the last IAU Symposium on planetary nebulae held in Canberra 2001. The analyses are mainly based on UV and far-UV spectroscopy performed with the Hubble Space Telescope and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer but also on ground-based observations performed at the Very Large Telescope and other observatories. We report on temperature, gravity, and abundance determinations for the CNO elements of hydrogen-rich central stars. In many hydrogen-deficient central stars (spectral type PG1159) we discovered particular neon and fluorine lines, which are observed for the very first time in any astrophysical object. Their analysis strongly confirms the idea that these stars exhibit intershell matter as a consequence of a late helium-shell flash.
description: Conf. proceedings, Gdansk 2005, Planetary Nebulae as astronomical tools, 4 pages, 4 figures
Session ERC Locus Ludi 2018: Game Fate, and Chance. International Conference Blessing and Curses in Antiquity, Symposium Classicum Peregrinum June 21-24, 2018.
Creators: name: Dasen Véronique
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: A session organised by Véronique Dasen on Game Fate, and Chance within the ERC Locus Ludi at the Symposium Classicum Peregrinum on Blessings and Curses in Antiquity, at Lonato del Garda, June 21-24, 2018. The conference organizers are: Patricia A. Johnston (Brandeis University, Waltham, MA) (johnston@brandeis.edu), Christopher Faraone (University of Chicago) (cf12@uchicago.edu), Attilio Mastrocinque (Università di Verona) (attilio.mastrocinque@univr.it), Lászlo Tákács (Péter Pázmány Catholic University, Budapest) (takacs.laszlo@btk.ppke.hu), and Elisa Zentilini (Università di Verona (elisa.zentilini@gmail.com).
Coriolis contribution to excited states of odd-mass nuclei with different deformation-dependent mass coeffcients
Creators: name: Hammou, A. Ait Ben
name: Oulne, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the collective Bohr Hamiltonian, the adoption of a mass tensor as a function of collective coordinates has demonstrated its importance for describing the structure of nuclei. On the other hand, for odd-mass nuclei, the Coriolis interaction between the rotational and single-particle motions affects significantly the structure of nuclear excited states. In the framework of a recently developed extended Bohr Hamiltonian, by considering the Deformation-Dependent Mass Formalism whith different mass parameters for the rotation and the two \betha and γvibrations and taking into account the Coriolis contribution, we investigate the bands structure of the 173Yb, 163Dy, 155Eu and 153Eu nuclei. Excited-state energies and B(E2) transition probabilities are calculated and compared with the available experimental data. Besides, we investigate the effect of DDMF and the Coriolis force on nuclear observables.
description: 15 pages, 9 tables, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Impact of breastfeeding interventions among United States minority women on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review
Creators: name: Segura-Pérez, Sofia
name: Hromi-Fiedler, Amber
name: Misikir Adnew
name: Nyhan, Kate
name: Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Online Supplementary Material 1. MESH terms used in Systematic Review.
Additional file 1 of Validating a generic cancer consumer quality index in eight European countries, patient reported experiences and the influence of cultural differences
Creators: name: Wind, A.
name: E. D. Hartman
name: R. R. J. P. Van Eekeren
name: R. P. W. F. Wijn
name: J. Halámková
name: J. Mattson
name: S. Siesling
name: W. H. Van Harten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Full ECCQI questionnaire.
Additional file 2 of Validating a generic cancer consumer quality index in eight European countries, patient reported experiences and the influence of cultural differences
Creators: name: Wind, A.
name: E. D. Hartman
name: R. R. J. P. Van Eekeren
name: R. P. W. F. Wijn
name: J. Halámková
name: J. Mattson
name: S. Siesling
name: W. H. Van Harten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. Scores for MAS, PD and UA of all nationalities in the dataset collected from ‘Hofstede’s insights country comparison tool’.
A modified in-medium evolution equation with color coherence
Creators: name: Barata, João
name: Domínguez, Fabio
name: Salgado, Carlos
name: Vila, Víctor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QCD jets produced in heavy-ion collisions at LHC or RHIC energies partially evolve inside the produced hot and dense quark gluon plasma, offering unique opportunities to study QCD splitting processes in different backgrounds. Induced (modified) splittings are expected to be the most relevant mechanism driving the modifications of in-medium jets compared to vacuum jets for a wide sets of observables. Although color coherence among different emitters has been identified as an essential mechanism in studies of the {\it QCD antenna radiation}, it is usually neglected in the multi-gluon medium-induced cascade. This independent gluon emission approximation can be analytically proved to be valid in the limit of very large media, but corrections or modifications to it have not been computed before in the context of the evolution (or rate) equation describing the gluon cascade. We propose a modified evolution equation that includes corrections due to the interference of subsequent emitters. In order to do so, we first compute a modified splitting kernel following the usual procedure of factorizing it from the subsequent Brownian motion. The calculation is performed in the two-gluon configuration with no overlapping formation times, that is expected to provide the first correction to the completely independent picture.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures; Updated text, same results
Robot Vulnerability and the Elicitation of User Empathy
Creators: name: Frederiksen, Morten Roed
name: Fischer, Katrin
name: Matarić, Maja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a between-subjects Amazon Mechanical Turk study (n = 220) that investigated how a robot's affective narrative influences its ability to elicit empathy in human observers. We first conducted a pilot study to develop and validate the robot's affective narratives. Then, in the full study, the robot used one of three different affective narrative strategies (funny, sad, neutral) while becoming less functional at its shopping task over the course of the interaction. As the functionality of the robot degraded, participants were repeatedly asked if they were willing to help the robot. The results showed that conveying a sad narrative significantly influenced the participants' willingness to help the robot throughout the interaction and determined whether participants felt empathetic toward the robot throughout the interaction. Furthermore, a higher amount of past experience with robots also increased the participants' willingness to help the robot. This work suggests that affective narratives can be useful in short-term interactions that benefit from emotional connections between humans and robots.
description: Published by and copyright protected by IEEE, 8 pages, 4 figures, 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2022)
Electron cascades and secondary electron emission in graphene under energetic ion irradiation
Creators: name: Vázquez, Henrique
name: Kononov, Alina
name: Kyritsakis, Andreas
name: Medvedev, Nikita
name: Schleife, André
name: Djurabekova, Flyura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Highly energetic ions traversing a two-dimensional material such as graphene produce strong electronic excitations. Electrons excited to energy states above the work function can give rise to secondary electron emission, reducing the amount of energy that remains the graphene after the ion impact. Electrons can either be emitted (kinetic energy transfer) or captured by the passing ion (potential energy transfer). To elucidate this behavior that is absent in three-dimensional materials, we simulate the electron dynamics in graphene during the first femtoseconds after ion impact. We employ two conceptually different computational methods: a Monte Carlo (MC) based one, where electrons are treated as classical particles, and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), where electrons are described quantum-mechanically. We observe that the linear dependence of electron emission on deposited energy, emerging from MC simulations, becomes sublinear and closer to the TDDFT values when the electrostatic interactions of emitted electrons with graphene are taken into account via complementary particle-in-cell simulations. Our TDDFT simulations show that the probability for electron capture decreases rapidly with increasing ion velocity, whereas secondary electron emission dominates in the high velocity regime. We estimate that these processes reduce the amount of energy deposited in the graphene layer by 15\,\% to 65\,\%, depending on the ion and its velocity. This finding clearly shows that electron emission must be taken into consideration when modelling damage production in two-dimensional materials under ion irradiation.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Three-photon absorption in water-soluble ZnS nanocrystals
Creators: name: He, Jun
name: Ji, Wei
name: Mi, Jun
name: Zheng, Yuangang
name: Ying, Jackie Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on large three-photon absorption (3PA) in glutathione-capped ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), determined by both Z-scan and transient transmission techniques with 120-fs laser pulses. The monodispersed, water-soluble ZnS NCs are synthesized by a modified protocol with a mean diameter of 2.5 nm. Their 3PA cross-section is determined to be around 2.7x10^-78 cm^6s^2photon^-2 at an optimal wavelength of commercial Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers. This value is nearly one order of magnitude greater than that of CdS NCs, and four to five orders of magnitude higher than those of the previously reported common UV fluorescent dyes.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
25 AU Angular Resolution Observations of HH 211 with ALMA : Jet Properties and Shock Structures in SiO, CO, and SO
Creators: name: Jhan, Kai-Syun
name: Lee, Chin-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HH 211 is a highly collimated jet with a chain of knots and a wiggle structure on both sides of a young Class 0 protostar. We used two epochs of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) data to study its inner jet in the CO(J=3-2), SiO(J=8-7), and SO(N_J=8_9-7_8) lines at $\sim$25 AU resolution. With these ALMA and previous 2008 Submillimeter Array (SMA) data, the proper motion of 8 knots within $\sim$250 AU of the central source is found to be $\sim$0.068" per year ($\sim$102 km/s), consistent with previous measurements in the outer jet. At $\sim$4 times higher resolution, the reflection-symmetric wiggle can be still fitted by a previously proposed orbiting jet source model. Previously detected continuous structures in the inner jet are now resolved, containing at least 5 sub-knots. These sub-knots are interpreted in terms of a variation in the ejection velocity of the jet with a period of $\sim$4.5 years, shorter than that of the outer knots. In addition, backward and forward shocks are resolved in a fully-formed knot, BK3, and signatures of internal working surface and sideways ejection are identified in Position-Velocity diagrams. In this knot, low-density SO and CO layers are surrounded by a high-density SiO layer.
Optic Nerve Microcirculation: Fluid Flow and Electrodiffusion
Creators: name: Zhu, Yi
name: Xu, Shixin
name: Eisenberg, Robert S.
name: Huang, Huaxiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76Z05, 76S05, 92B05

description: Complex fluids flow in complex ways in complex structures. Transport of water and various organic and inorganic molecules in the central nervous system are important in a wide range of biological and medical processes [C. Nicholson, and S. Hrabětová, Biophysical Journal, 113(10), 2133(2017)]. However, the exact driving mechanisms are often not known. In this paper, we investigate flows induced by action potentials in an optic nerve as a prototype of the central nervous system (CNS). Different from traditional fluid dynamics problems, flows in biological tissues such as the CNS are coupled with ion transport. It is driven by osmosis created by concentration gradient of ionic solutions, which in term influence the transport of ions. Our mathematical model is based on the known structural and biophysical properties of the experimental system used by the Harvard group Orkand et al [R.K. Orkand, J.G. Nicholls, S.W. Kuffler, Journal of Neurophysiology, 29(4), 788(1966)]. Asymptotic analysis and numerical computation show the significant role of water in convective ion transport. The full model (including water) and the electrodiffusion model (excluding water) are compared in detail to reveal an interesting interplay between water and ion transport. In the full model, convection due to water flow dominates inside the glial domain. This water flow in the glia contributes significantly to the spatial buffering of potassium in the extracellular space. Convection in the extracellular domain does not contribute significantly to spatial buffering. Electrodiffusion is the dominant mechanism for flows confined to the extracellular domain.
description: 61 Pages, 16 figures
Time-separated oscillatory fields for high-precision mass measurements on short-lived Al and Ca nuclides
Creators: name: George, S.
name: Audi, G.
name: Blank, B.
name: Blaum, K.
name: Breitenfeldt, M.
name: Hager, U.
name: Herfurth, F.
name: Herlert, A.
name: Kellerbauer, A.
name: Kluge, H. -J.
name: Kretzschmar, M.
name: Lunney, D.
name: Savreux, R.
name: Schwarz, S.
name: Schweikhard, L.
name: Yazidjian, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-precision Penning trap mass measurements on the stable nuclide 27Al as well as on the short-lived radionuclides 26Al and 38,39Ca have been performed by use of radiofrequency excitation with time-separated oscillatory fields, i.e. Ramsey's method, as recently introduced for the excitation of the ion motion in a Penning trap, was applied. A comparison with the conventional method of a single continuous excitation demonstrates its advantage of up to ten times shorter measurements. The new mass values of 26,27Al clarify conflicting data in this specific mass region. In addition, the resulting mass values of the superallowed beta-emitter 38Ca as well as of the groundstate of the beta-emitter 26Al m confirm previous measurements and corresponding theoretical corrections of the ft-values.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
The identification, characterization and profiling of novel thiol and amino acid conjugates of valproic acid in humans and animals
Creators: name: Gopaul, Vedwatee Sashi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug used for the management of generalized and absence seizures. It suffers from a rare but fatal hepatotoxicity side effect and its mechanism of action is not known. We demonstrated that the urinary thiol conjugates of (E)-2,4-diene VPA, a reactive intermediate arising from the further biotransformation of the metabolite 4-ene VPA, were significantly elevated in patients at high risk of developing the side effect. Therefore, these conjugates reflect a higher exposure towards the reactive intermediate of 4-ene VPA in high risk patients. First, we characterized the structure of NAC II as 5-A/-acetylcystein-S-yl-2-ene VPA by 1H NMR. Then, using GC/MS and LC/MS/MS, we confirmed the identification of NAC I (previously detected in humans) and NAC II in patients on VPA therapy (n=40). The profiling of NAC I and II in urine samples of patients on VPA alone (group 1) or VPA in combination with non-enzyme inducing drugs (group 2), showed that patients < 7.5 years old excreted significantly higher concentrations of the two conjugates compared to older patients (>7. 5 years) in both groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, patients on VPA polytherapy with enzyme inducing drugs (group 3 and > 7.5 years old), excreted significantly higher concentrations of NAC I and NAC II compared to patients in groups 1 and 2 and of similar age (p<0.05). There were no significant difference between the conjugates excreted by patients in group 3 and patients in groups 1 and 2 who were less than 7.5 years old. Therefore, age, dose, and polytherapy, the risk factors of VPA induced hepatotoxicity, were found to be associated with significantly higher concentrations of urinary NAC I and NAC II in patients on VPA therapy. Furthermore, we reported the identification and characterization of novel valproyl glutamate (VPA GLU) and valproyl glutamine (VPA GLN) in the urine, serum and CSF samples of humans on VPA therapy, rats and rabbits treated with VPA. VPA GLU is the first glutamate conjugate of a xenobiotic discovered in humans, rats and rabbits. In addition, we were able to identify valproyl glycine (VPA GLY) in the urine and serum of humans on VPA therapy. These conjugates were not associated with the risk factors of VPA induced hepatotoxicity. The detection of VPA GLU in human CSF and at a concentration higher than the corresponding serum concentration suggests that the mechanism of action of VPA can be partially expressed through the conjugation of VPA with the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamic acid itself. Since, valproyl glycinamide, the amide of VPA GLY, was found to possess antiepileptic activity and is currently undergoing clinical trials (Hadad and Baieler, 1995), the detection of VPA GLU and VPA GLN in human CSF implies that both conjugates could have antiepileptic or CNS activity. The detection of VPA GLU in rabbit CSF supports our human findings.
Designing of strongly confined short-wave Brillouin phonons in silicon waveguide periodic lattices
Creators: name: Zurita, Roberto O.
name: Wiederhecker, Gustavo S.
name: Alegre, Thiago P. Mayer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a feasible waveguide design optimized for harnessing Stimulated Brillouin Scattering with long-lived phonons. The design consists of a fully suspended ridge waveguide surrounded by a 1D phononic crystal that mitigates losses to the substrate while providing the needed homogeneity for the build-up of the optomechanical interaction. The coupling factor of these structures was calculated to be 0.54 (W.m)$^{-1}$ for intramodal backward Brillouin scattering with its fundamental TE-like mode and 4.5(W.m)$^{-1}$ for intramodal forward Brillouin scattering. The addition of the phononic crystal provides a 30 dB attenuation of the mechanical displacement after only five unitary cells, possibly leading to a regime where the acoustic losses are only limited by fabrication. As a result, the total Brillouin gain, which is proportional to the product of the coupling and acoustic quality factors, is nominally equal to the idealized fully suspended waveguide.
IR finite S-matrix by gauge invariant dressed states
Creators: name: Hirai, Hayato
name: Sugishita, Sotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dressed states were proposed to define the infrared (IR) finite $S$-matrix in QED or gravity. We show that the original Kulish-Faddeev dressed states are not enough to cure the IR divergences. To illustrate this problem, we consider QED with background currents (Wilson lines). This theory is exactly solvable but shares the same IR problems as the full QED. We show that naive asymptotic states lead to IR divergences in the $S$-matrix and are also inconsistent with the asymptotic symmetry, even if we add the original Kulish-Faddeev dressing operators. We then propose new dressed states which are consistent with the asymptotic symmetry. We show that the $S$-matrix for the dressed states is IR finite. We finally conclude that appropriate dressed asymptotic states define the IR finite $S$-matrix in the full QED.
description: 22 pages + appendices, 1 figure; v2: the order of sections changed, typos fixed, references added
Earthquake Hazard Mitigation of Transportation Facilites for Butler County
Creators: name: Fleckenstein, L. John
name: Allen, David L.
name: Drnevich, Vincent P.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Concern has grown in recent years over the seismic activity of the New Madrid seismic zone in Western Kentucky. Butler County, Kentucky is located in this region. To permit emergency medical, supply, and equipment traffic into this area after an earthquake has occurred, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet is interested in the possibility of keeping selected routes passable. This report lists the route that has been investigated and recommended as being the route in Butler County that should be maintained in a passable condition. The recommended route, US 231, has been visually surveyed and all seismically significant features cataloged. These features are logged by their location on strip maps contained in Appendix A and a detailed listing of all the potentially critical features is given in Appendix B.
Single Crystal Growth and Transport Properties of van der Waals Materials $AB$Te$_\mathbf{4}$ ($A/B$ = Ti, Zr, Hf)
Creators: name: Hasuo, Yuto
name: Urata, Takahiro
name: Araidai, Masaaki
name: Tsuchiya, Yuji
name: Awaji, Satoshi
name: Ikuta, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monolayers of $AB$Te$_4$ ($A$/$B$ = Ti, Zr, Hf) were theoretically predicted to be two-dimensional topological insulators, but little has been known about the physical properties of these compounds. Here, we report on the single crystal growth, bulk transport properties, and band structure calculations of these compounds. The magnetotransport properties indicate that all three compounds are multi-carrier systems. The experimental results of ZrTiTe$_4$ and HfTiTe$_4$ can be well fitted by the multi-carrier formula assuming two types of carriers, while three carrier components were necessary for HfZrTe$_4$. Interestingly, one of the carrier mobilities of HfZrTe$_4$ exceeded 1000 cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$, which was nearly one order in magnitude larger than the carrier mobilities of ZrTiTe$_4$ and HfTiTe$_4$. Our band structure calculations showed that all three compounds are semimetals consistent with the magnetotransport properties. The band structure around the $Γ$-point of HfZrTe$_4$ exhibits features that are distinct from the other two compounds, which is likely the reason of the different carrier properties.
On the potential of extrasolar planet transit surveys
Creators: name: Gillon, M.
name: Courbin, F.
name: Magain, P.
name: Borguet, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the respective benefits and drawbacks of ground-based and space-based transit surveys for extrasolar planets. Based on simple but realistic assumptions about the fraction of lower main sequence stars harboring telluric and giant planets within the outer limit of the habitable zone, we predict the harvests of fictitious surveys with three existing wide field optical and near-IR cameras: the CFHT-Megacam, SUBARU-Suprime and VISTA-IR. An additional promising instrument is considered, VISTA-Vis, currently under development. The results are compared with the harvests predicted under exactly the same assumptions, for the space missions COROT and KEPLER. We show that ground-based wide field surveys may discover more giant planets than space missions. However, space surveys seem to constitute the best strategy to search for telluric planets. In this respect, the KEPLER mission appears 50 times more efficient than any of the ground--based surveys considered here. KEPLER might even discover telluric planets in the habitable zone of their host star.
description: accepted in AA
On the connection between microscopic description and memory effects in open quantum system dynamics
Creators: name: Smirne, Andrea
name: Megier, Nina
name: Vacchini, Bassano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exchange of information between an open quantum system and its environment allows us to discriminate among different kinds of dynamics, in particular detecting memory effects to characterize non-Markovianity. Here, we investigate the role played by the system-environment correlations and the environmental evolution in the flow of information. First, we derive general conditions ensuring that two generalized dephasing microscopic models of the global system-environment evolution result exactly in the same open-system dynamics, for any initial state of the system. Then, we use the trace distance to quantify the distinct contributions to the information inside and outside the open system in the two models. Our analysis clarifies how the interplay between system-environment correlations and environmental-state distinguishability can lead to the same information flow from and toward the open system, despite significant qualitative and quantitative differences at the level of the global evolution.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures; Accepted for publication in Quantum
Earthquake Hazard Mitigation of Transportation Facilites for Ballard County
Creators: name: Fleckenstein, L. John
name: Allen, David L.
name: Drnevich, Vincent P.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Concern has grown in recent years over the seismic activity of the New Madrid seismic zone in Western Kentucky. Ballard County, Kentucky is located in this region. To permit emergency medical, supply, and equipment traffic into this area after an earthquake has occurred, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet is interested in the possibility of keeping selected routes passable. This report lists the routes that have been investigated and recommended as being the routes in Ballard County that should be maintained in a passable condition. The recommended routes, US 60 and KY 121, have been visually surveyed and all seismically significant features cataloged. These features are logged by their location on strip maps contained in Appendix A and a detailed listing of all the potentially critical features is given in Appendix B.
Recent Physics At COSY--A Review
Creators: name: Machner, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COSY accelerator in Jülich is presented together with its internal and external detectors. The physics program performed recently is discussed with emphasis on strangeness physics and precision experiments.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, invited talk, Workshop on Hadron Physics > Puri, India, March 7-17, 2005
Kink-Antikink Interaction Forces and Bound States in a $ϕ^4$ Model with Quadratic and Quartic dispersion
Creators: name: Tsolias, G. A.
name: Decker, Robert J.
name: Demirkaya, A.
name: Alexander, T. J.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the interaction of solitary waves in a model involving the well-known $ϕ^4$ Klein-Gordon theory, but now bearing both Laplacian and biharmonic terms with different prefactors. As a result of the competition of the respective linear operators, we obtain three distinct cases as we vary the model parameters. In the first the biharmonic effect dominates, yielding an oscillatory inter-wave interaction; in the third the harmonic effect prevails yielding exponential interactions, while we find an intriguing linearly modulated exponential effect in the critical second case, separating the above two regimes. For each case, we calculate the force between the kink and antikink when initially separated with sufficient distance. Being able to write the acceleration as a function of the separation distance, and its corresponding ordinary differential equation, we test the corresponding predictions, finding very good agreement, where appropriate, with the corresponding partial differential equation results. Where the two findings differ, we explain the source of disparities. Finally, we offer a first glimpse of the interplay of harmonic and biharmonic effects on the results of kink-antikink collisions and the corresponding single- and multi-bounce windows.
Ten Simple Rules for Attending Your First Conference
Creators: name: Leininger, Elizabeth
name: Shaw, Kelly
name: Moshiri, Niema
name: Neiles, Kelly
name: Onsongo, Getiria
name: Ritz, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conferences are a mainstay of most scientific disciplines, where scientists of all career stages come together to share cutting-edge ideas and approaches. If you do research, chances are you will attend one or more of these meetings in your career. Conferences are a microcosm of their discipline, and while conferences offer different perspectives in different disciplines, they all offer experiences that range from a casual chat waiting in line for coffee to watching someone present their groundbreaking, hot-off-the-press research. The authors of this piece have attended our fair share of conferences and have collectively mentored hundreds of students in understanding the "unwritten rules" and pro-tips of conference attendance. As you head to your first scientific conference, these rules will help you navigate the conference environment and make the most of your experience. We have also developed a web portal which contains far more information about these rules, tables of professional societies and conferences in different disciplines, and other resources that may come in handy for first-time conference attendees and their mentors. We encourage any reader to use, adapt, and contribute to these materials.