cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High order derivatives of Boltzmann microcanonical entropy with an additional conserved quantity
Creators: name: Bel-Hadj-Aissa, Ghofrane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, using a known method, a computation is performed of the derivatives of the microcanonical entropy, with respect to the energy up to the 4-th order, using a Laplace transform technique, and adapted it to the case where the total momentum is conserved. The outcome of this computation answers a theoretical question concerning the description of thermodynamics associated with a Hamiltonian flow in presence of an additional conserved quantity besides energy. This is also of practical interest in numerical simulations of the microcanonical thermodynamics associated to classical Hamiltonian flows.
description: 9 pages
Pulsar Parallaxes at 5 GHz with the Very Long Baseline Array
Creators: name: Chatterjee, S.
name: Cordes, J. M.
name: Vlemmings, W. H. T.
name: Arzoumanian, Z.
name: Goss, W. M.
name: Lazio, T. J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first pulsar parallaxes measured with phase-referenced pulsar VLBI observations at 5 GHz. Due to the steep spectra of pulsars, previous astrometric measurements have been at lower frequencies. However, the strongest pulsars can be observed at 5 GHz, offering the benefit of lower combined ionospheric and tropospheric phase errors, which usually limit VLBI astrometric accuracy. The pulsars B0329+54, B0355+54 and B1929+10 were observed for 7 epochs spread evenly over 2 years. For B0329+54, large systematic errors lead to only an upper limit on the parallax (pi < 1.5 mas). A new proper motion and parallax were measured for B0355+54 (pi = 0.91 +- 0.16 mas), implying a distance of 1.04+0.21-0.16 kpc and a transverse velocity of 61+12-9 km/s. The parallax and proper motion for B1929+10 were significantly improved (pi = 2.77 +- 0.07 mas), yielding a distance of 361+10-8 pc and a transverse velocity of 177+4-5 km/s. We demonstrate that the astrometric errors are correlated with the angular separation between the phase reference calibrator and the target source, with significantly lower errors at 5 GHz compared to 1.6 GHz. Finally, based on our new distance determinations for B1929+10 and B0355+54, we derive or constrain the luminosities of each pulsar at high energies. We show that, for thermal emission models, the emitting area for X-rays from PSR B1929+10 is roughly consistent with the canonical size for a heated polar cap, and that the conversion of spin-down power to gamma-ray luminosity in B0355+54 must be low. The new proper motion for B1929+10 also implies that its progenitor is unlikely to have been the binary companion of the runaway O-star zeta-Ophiuchi.
description: 8 pages, including 3 figures and 3 tables; emulateapj; ApJ submitted
The effect of differential refraction on wave propagation in rotating pulsar magnetospheres
Creators: name: Fussell, D.
name: Luo, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Refraction of wave propagation in a corotating pulsar magnetospheric plasma is considered as a possible interpretation for observed asymmetric pulse profiles with multiple components. The pulsar radio emission produced inside the magnetosphere propagates outward through the rotating magnetosphere, subject to refraction by the intervening plasma that is spatially inhomogeneous. Both effects of a relativistic distribution of the plasma and rotation on wave propagation are considered. It is shown that refraction coupled with rotation can produce asymmetric conal structures of the profile. The differential refraction due to the rotation can cause the conal structures to skew toward the rotation direction and lead to asymmetry in relative intensities between the leading and trailing components. Both of these features are potentially observable.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Constraint-free wavelength conversion supported by giant optical refraction in a 3D perovskite supercrystal
Creators: name: Falsi, Ludovica
name: Tartara, Luca
name: Di Mei, Fabrizio
name: Flammini, Mariano
name: Parravicini, Jacopo
name: Pierangeli, Davide
name: Parravicini, Gianbattista
name: Xin, Feifei
name: Di Porto, Paolo
name: Agranat, Aharon J.
name: DelRe, Eugenio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear response in a material increases with its index of refraction as $n^4$. Commonly, $n \sim$ 1 so that diffraction, dispersion, and chromatic walk-off limit nonlinear scattering. Ferroelectric crystals with a periodic 3D polarization structure overcome some of these constraints through versatile Cherenkov and quasi-phase-matching mechanisms. Three-dimensional self-structuring can also lead to a giant optical refraction. Here, we perform second-harmonic-generation experiments in KTN:Li in conditions of giant broadband refraction. Enhanced response causes wavelength conversion to occur in the form of bulk Cherenkov radiation without diffraction and chromatic walk-off, even in the presence of strong wave-vector mismatch and highly focused beams. The process occurs with a wide spectral acceptance of more than 100 nm in the near infrared spectrum, an ultra-wide angular acceptance of up to $\pm 40^{\circ}$, with no polarization selectivity, and can be tuned to allow bulk supercontinuum generation. Results pave the way to highly efficient and adaptable nonlinear optical devices with the promise of single-photon-to-single-photon nonlinear optics.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Self-dual Yang-Mills fields in pseudoeuclidean spaces
Creators: name: Loginov, E. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-duality Yang-Mills equations in pseudoeuclidean spaces of dimensions $d\leq 8$ are investigated. New classes of solutions of the equations are found. Extended solutions to the D=10, N=1 supergravity and super Yang-Mills equations are constructed from these solutions.
description: 9 pages, LaTeX, no figures
video animation of figure 6 in the paper (submitted as a "figure") from The role of sliding in ice stream formation
Creators: name: Schoof, Christian
name: Mantelli, Elisa
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 40602 Glaciology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Ice streams are bands of fast-flowing ice in ice sheets. We investigate their formation as an example of spontaneous pattern formation, based on positive feedbacks between dissipation and basal sliding. Our focus is on temperature-dependent subtemperate sliding, where faster sliding leads to enhanced dissipation and hence warmer temperatures, weak- ening the bed further, and on a similar feedback driven by basal melt water production. Using a novel thermomechanical model, we show that formation of a steady pattern of fast and slow flow can occur through the downstream amplification of noise in basal conditions. This process can lead to the establishment of a clearly defined ice stream separated from slowly flowing, cold-based ice ridges by narrow shear margins. Our model is also able to predict the downstream widening of ice streams due to dissipation and heat transport in these margins. We also show that downward advection of cold ice induced by accelerated sliding is the primary stabilizing mechanism that can suppress ice steam formation altogether, and give an approximate, analytical criterion for pattern formation.
Breeding rice for heat tolerance and climate change scenario; possibilities and way forward. A review
Creators: name: Senguttuvel, Ponnuvel
name: Jaldhani, Veerendra
name: Raju, Nannapu Sravan
name: Balakrishnan, Divya
name: Beulah, Pasumarthi
name: Bhadana, Vijai Pal
name: Mangrauthia, Satendra Kumar
name: Neeraja, Chirravuri Naga
name: Subrahmanyam, Desiraju
name: Rao, Puskur Raghuveer
name: Hariprasad, Arramsetty Subrahmanyam
name: Voleti, Sitapati Rao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The consequences of climate change are drastically impacting field crop production; it is an immense prerequisite to attribute resilience through crop improvement. Thus, the breeders’ task is to sustain yield potential in changing climate, which imperils the food grain security. Globally, high temperature is one of the grounds that support climate change. High temperature critically affects the sensitive stages of rice, starting from anthesis to grain filling, which dictates plant reproduction. In tropical conditions, it is often the yield-limiting factor and sources for yield penalty with poor grain quality. Exploring the ways to mitigate heat tolerance in rice resulted in identifying key traits like early morning flowering, pollen fertility, pollen shedding percentage, stigma receptivity, and spikelet fertility. Identifying germplasm resources with heat-tolerance traits is the foremost task followed by exploiting them in climate-resilient rice breeding. It prompts the breeding practices to improve tolerant varieties as an adaptation option suggested by various simulated crop models. With the advances in biotechnology, there are still more comprehensions required in connection to genetics, physiology, and molecular responses of heat tolerance. Herein, we reviewed the consequence of heat tolerance, germplasm resources, genetic and genomic mechanisms for attenuating heat stress impact of rice.
Stability of negative ionization fronts: regularization by electric screening?
Creators: name: Arrayas, Manuel
name: Ebert, Ute
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We recently have proposed that a reduced interfacial model for streamer propagation is able to explain spontaneous branching. Such models require regularization. In the present paper we investigate how transversal Fourier modes of a planar ionization front are regularized by the electric screening length. For a fixed value of the electric field ahead of the front we calculate the dispersion relation numerically. These results guide the derivation of analytical asymptotes for arbitrary fields: for small wave-vector k, the growth rate s(k) grows linearly with k, for large k, it saturates at some positive plateau value. We give a physical interpretation of these results.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
How does one know oneself and others? An empirical study of social actions involving one focal person with a disability and his consociates
Creators: name: Reswick, Irmtraud H.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study investigates how a particular group of Americans create themselves as persons and selves in daily practice. The focus is on the constituting actions and subjects' own interpretations. To access actual lived experiences I chose auto-ethnographic and grounded theory methods. The universe of inquiry was determined by one focal person, an American middle class male, and 28 consociates who were witnesses and co-creators of personhood at different times, places, and occasions. The data obtained consisted of multifaceted, polyvocal descriptions and interpretations of the constituting actions, ingredients, and creators of personhood and selfhood. Analysis included participants' exegeses and critical assessment of their own practices. I used processual concepts to analyze the socially transforming and positioning dynamics of quotidian practices. The participants recognized themselves to be permeable persons who transmit to, exchange with, and absorb in various ways from others. With their social actions they continually positioned and defined themselves together which led me to understand the equivalence of social processes and social structure. Personal change was experienced across space, time, and situations but balanced with continuity-creating stabilizing bonds, repetitive practices, and ascriptions of perduring capacities and essences. "Private selves" and "public persons" were interchangeable and conjointly created to protect continuity of togetherness. Selfhood emerged as totally social actions which involved body, emotions, cognitions, religious sentiments, and social others. When feeling close, creating bonds of solidarity and trust, and making love, selfhood became sociocentric, interpenetrating, and dissolved in union with others. By closing out others, participants stabilized selfhood, created otherness, and rendered others incomplete or disabled. I related micro-processes with long-term and large-scale processes based on participants involvements in continuing social worlds and my own evaluation of explanatory models. Selfhood is experienced personhood, socially created, and continuously emergent. The bounded, individualistic "self" is a hypercognized synthesis of one among several social processes. A focus on "the individual" person yields an incomplete understanding of lived personhood. Opposing individual to society is unwarranted since personhood and quality of sociality are created with the same social actions. Authorship of incompleteness and disablements lies with persons and their actions.
Clathrina GRAY 1867
Creators: name: Azevedo, Fernanda
name: Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi
name: Willenz, Philippe
name: Hajdu, Eduardo
name: Hooker, Yuri
name: Klautau, Michelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Calcarea
Clathrinida
Clathrinidae
Clathrina

description: GENUS CLATHRINA GRAY, 1867
 Diagnosis: Calcinea in which the cormus comprises anastomosed tubes. A stalk may be present. The skeleton contains regular (equiangular and equiradiate) and/ or parasagittal triactines, to which diactines and tripods may be added. Asconoid aquiferous system.
description: Published as part of Azevedo, Fernanda, Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi, Willenz, Philippe, Hajdu, Eduardo, Hooker, Yuri & Klautau, Michelle, 2015, Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (subclass Calcinea) from the Peruvian coast: morphology, molecules, and biogeography, pp. 787-817 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (4) on page 796, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12213, http://zenodo.org/record/4890637
Fast and Regularized Reconstruction of Building Façades from Street-View Images using Binary Integer Programming
Creators: name: Hu, Han
name: Wang, Libin
name: Zhang, Mier
name: Ding, Yulin
name: Zhu, Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Regularized arrangement of primitives on building façades to aligned locations and consistent sizes is important towards structured reconstruction of urban environment. Mixed integer linear programing was used to solve the problem, however, it is extreamly time consuming even for state-of-the-art commercial solvers. Aiming to alleviate this issue, we cast the problem into binary integer programming, which omits the requirements for real value parameters and is more efficient to be solved . Firstly, the bounding boxes of the primitives are detected using the YOLOv3 architecture in real-time. Secondly, the coordinates of the upper left corners and the sizes of the bounding boxes are automatically clustered in a binary integer programming optimization, which jointly considers the geometric fitness, regularity and additional constraints; this step does not require \emph{a priori} knowledge, such as the number of clusters or pre-defined grammars. Finally, the regularized bounding boxes can be directly used to guide the façade reconstruction in an interactive envinronment. Experimental evaluations have revealed that the accuracies for the extraction of primitives are above 0.82, which is sufficient for the following 3D reconstruction. The proposed approach only takes about $ 10\% $ to $ 20\% $ of the runtime than previous approach and reduces the diversity of the bounding boxes to about $20\%$ to $50\%$.
Choose or lose? The impact of choice on quality and efficiency in American public education
Creators: name: Slocum-Schaffer, Stephanie A.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Since the reforms of the early 1900's, many problems have plagued our public education system and its corporate-bureaucratic model: while educational spending in the United States has soared, standardized test scores have declined, American performance in international comparisons has been poor, and the drop-out rate has reached over 25 percent nationwide. These problems have raised great concerns about the quality and cost of public education in the United States, and this concern--coupled with evidence that suggests a positive role for competition in education--has led many groups to call for "school choice" as a solution to our educational problems and as an alternative to the corporate-bureaucratic model of schooling. Not much is known, however, about the performance of choice since most of the discussion about it has been conducted in the absence of any empirical evidence. This dissertation is extremely significant, therefore, in providing one of the only empirical tests of the theory of school choice. After first deriving the theoretical underpinnings of choice, this study uses Tiebout's model of local public competition as a means for examining the impact of choice on educational quality and efficiency without resorting to comparisons of public and private schools. Only three other studies have previously employed this approach, and of these few studies, this dissertation is the only one to use true measures of efficiency with good controls for output quality and the appropriate unit of analysis. After thus building a unique model of public school competition, an empirical test of the model is provided using ordinary least squares regression analysis and data collected from all school districts in New York state. The results obtained with the improved model differ from previous empirical studies of choice. Unlike the comparison studies of public and private schools, I find highly limited relationships between competition and quality. Furthermore, employing the appropriate unit of analysis and accurate measures of efficiency with good controls for output quality lead to a reversal of most of the current efficiency studies: local public competition in the education arena has a highly limited impact in improving technical efficiency. I conclude that there is limited support for the benefits of local, public competition, and that we must be extremely cautious in applying economic theory based on a market model to non-market institutions. Furthermore, while the data presented here suggest that competition among public schools has limited positive outcomes, I argue that it would be foolish to pursue non-public forms of choice reform without further empirical evidence.
Supporting Information for School closures reduced social mixing of children during COVID-19 with implications for transmission risk and school reopening policies.
Creators: name: Head, Jennifer R.
name: Andrejko, Kristin L.
name: Cheng, Qu
name: Collender, Philip A.
name: Phillips, Sophie
name: Boser, Anna
name: Heaney, Alexandra K.
name: Hoover, Christopher M.
name: Wu, Sean L.
name: Northrup, Graham R.
name: Click, Karen
name: Bardach, Naomi S.
name: Lewnard, Joseph A.
name: Remais, Justin V.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: Computational Biology

description: Additional information for the main manuscript, including contact survey, expanded descriptions of methodology, figures, and data tables.
Cost-Benefit Analysis Case Study on Regulations to Lower the Level of Sulphur in Gasoline
Creators: name: Jenkins, Glenn
name: Kuo, Chun-Yan
name: Ozbafli, Aygul
name: Jenkins, Glenn
name: Kuo, Chun-Yan
name: Ozbafli, Aygul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Gasoline
subject: Sulphur
subject: Cost-Benefit
subject: Environment

description: The Canadian Cost-Benefit Analysis Guide: Regulatory Proposals, sets out the general methodology and analytical steps to perform a cost-benefit analysis of proposed regulatory changes. To make the Guide operational, this case study has been prepared following the analytical approach recommended by the Guide. In 1994 the sulphur content of Canadian gasoline was found to be high and varied widely across the country. Scientists and health experts have found evidence that emissions of pollutants from vehicles cause considerable harm to the health of Canadians and to the environment. In order to derive the net economic benefits, we integrate the economic benefits with the economic costs for each of the alternative scenarios. In the cost-benefit analysis, all private costs must be measured in terms of their economic opportunity costs. The results indicate that reducing the sulphur in gasoline for any scenario under consideration would generate substantial net health benefits or well-being for Canadians as a whole. Estimates of the net present value (at an eight percent discount rate) range from $1,809 million to $2,663 million.
The accuracy of post-processing nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Bravo, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The computational requirements posed by multi-dimensional simulations of type Ia supernovae make it difficult to incorporate complex nuclear networks to follow the release of nuclear energy along with the propagation of the flame. Instead, these codes usually model the flame and use simplified nuclear kinetics, with the goal of determining a sufficiently accurate rate of nuclear energy generation and, afterwards, post-processing the thermodynamic trajectories with a large nuclear network to obtain more reliable nuclear yields. In this work, I study the performance of simplified nuclear networks with respect to reproduction of the nuclear yields obtained with a one-dimensional supernova code equipped with a large nuclear network. I start by defining a strategy to follow the properties of matter in nuclear statistical equilibrium (NSE). I propose to use published tables of NSE properties, together with a careful interpolation routine. Short networks (iso7 and 13α) are able to give an accurate yield of 56Ni, after post-processing, but can fail by order of magnitude in predicting the ejected mass of even mildly abundant species (> 0.001 solar masses). A network of 21 species reproduces the nucleosynthesis of the Chandrasekhar and sub-Chandrasekhar explosions studied here with average errors better than 20% for the whole set of stable elements and isotopes followed in the models.
description: Accepted for MNRAS, 11 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. Revised version after referee report, with quantitative changes in Table 2 and Figure 4
Additional file 1 of Implementation interventions in preventing surgical site infections in abdominal surgery: a systematic review
Creators: name: Tomsic, Ivonne
name: Heinze, Nicole R.
name: Chaberny, Iris F.
name: Krauth, Christian
name: Schock, Bettina
name: Lengerke, Thomas Von
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1:Table S1. Search Strategy
Soleneiscus BOROJEVIC
Creators: name: Azevedo, Fernanda
name: Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi
name: Willenz, Philippe
name: Hajdu, Eduardo
name: Hooker, Yuri
name: Klautau, Michelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Calcarea
Clathrinida
Dendyidae
Soleneiscus

description: GENUS SOLENEISCUS BOROJEVIC, BOURY- ESNAULT & VACELET, 1990
 Diagnosis: Dendyidae that grow in the form of an individual ascon tube, with several ascon tubes growing upright from basal stolon-like tubes, or in the form of creeping, distally ramified but only rarely anastomosing tubes.
description: Published as part of Azevedo, Fernanda, Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi, Willenz, Philippe, Hajdu, Eduardo, Hooker, Yuri & Klautau, Michelle, 2015, Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (subclass Calcinea) from the Peruvian coast: morphology, molecules, and biogeography, pp. 787-817 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (4) on page 808, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12213, http://zenodo.org/record/4890637
Choose or lose? The impact of choice on quality and efficiency in American public education
Creators: name: Slocum-Schaffer, Stephanie A.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Since the reforms of the early 1900's, many problems have plagued our public education system and its corporate-bureaucratic model: while educational spending in the United States has soared, standardized test scores have declined, American performance in international comparisons has been poor, and the drop-out rate has reached over 25 percent nationwide. These problems have raised great concerns about the quality and cost of public education in the United States, and this concern--coupled with evidence that suggests a positive role for competition in education--has led many groups to call for "school choice" as a solution to our educational problems and as an alternative to the corporate-bureaucratic model of schooling. Not much is known, however, about the performance of choice since most of the discussion about it has been conducted in the absence of any empirical evidence. This dissertation is extremely significant, therefore, in providing one of the only empirical tests of the theory of school choice. After first deriving the theoretical underpinnings of choice, this study uses Tiebout's model of local public competition as a means for examining the impact of choice on educational quality and efficiency without resorting to comparisons of public and private schools. Only three other studies have previously employed this approach, and of these few studies, this dissertation is the only one to use true measures of efficiency with good controls for output quality and the appropriate unit of analysis. After thus building a unique model of public school competition, an empirical test of the model is provided using ordinary least squares regression analysis and data collected from all school districts in New York state. The results obtained with the improved model differ from previous empirical studies of choice. Unlike the comparison studies of public and private schools, I find highly limited relationships between competition and quality. Furthermore, employing the appropriate unit of analysis and accurate measures of efficiency with good controls for output quality lead to a reversal of most of the current efficiency studies: local public competition in the education arena has a highly limited impact in improving technical efficiency. I conclude that there is limited support for the benefits of local, public competition, and that we must be extremely cautious in applying economic theory based on a market model to non-market institutions. Furthermore, while the data presented here suggest that competition among public schools has limited positive outcomes, I argue that it would be foolish to pursue non-public forms of choice reform without further empirical evidence.
Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Post-AGB Star AC Herculis with the MMT Adaptive Optics System
Creators: name: Close, Laird M.
name: Biller, Beth
name: Hoffmann, William F.
name: Hinz, Phil M.
name: Bieging, John H.
name: Wildi, Francois
name: Lloyd-Hart, Michael
name: Brusa, Guido
name: Fisher, Don
name: Miller, Doug
name: Angel, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilized the MMT's unique deformable secondary adaptive optics system to produce high-resolution (FWHM=0.3"), very high Strehl mid-infrared (9.8, 11.7 & 18 micron) images of the post-AGB star AC Her. The very high (98+/-2%) Strehls achieved with Mid-IR AO led naturally to an ultra-stable PSF independent of airmass, seeing, or location on the sky. We find no significant difference between AC Her's morphology and our unresolved PSF calibration stars (mu UMa & alpha Her) at 9.8, 11.7, & 18 microns. Our current observations do not confirm any extended Mid-IR structure around AC Her. These observations are in conflict with previously reported Keck (seeing-limited) 11.7 and 18 micron images which suggested the presence of a resolved ~0.6" edge-on circumbinary disk. We conclude that AC Her has no extended Mid-IR structure on scales greater than 0.2" (R<75 AU). These first results of Mid-IR AO science are very encouraging for future high accuracy Mid-IR imaging with this technique.
description: To appear in the November 20, 2003 issue of the Astrophysical Journal Letters. The preprint has 7 pages and 3 figures (one in color; but prints OK in B&W)
Four essays on poverty and public policy
Creators: name: Wodon, Quentin T.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: This dissertation consists of four essays. The first two essays are devoted to an empirical analysis of poverty and inequality in Bangladesh. The third essay consists of a optimal control model of homelessness and poverty in the United States. The fourth essay is based on a case study of low income electricity programmes in Belgium. In the first essay, the unit level data of four rounds of the Household Expenditure Surveys of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics are used by an independent researcher for the first time to answer fundamental questions such as: What is the extent of poverty in Bangladesh? How has it evolved over time? Who are the poor? Why are they poor?; In the second essay, three innovations for the analysis of poverty and inequality are illustrated with the same data sets. First, an extension of a Gini decomposition is used to analyze stratification and inequality in a multidimensional context. Second, receiving operating characteristics curves are used to assess the discriminating power of targeting indicators. Third, survival analysis techniques are used for poverty comparisons. In the third essay, an optimal control model is developed to discuss the trade-off between programmes for the alleviation of poverty and homelessness which are consumption-oriented, such as welfare benefits and shelter beds, or investment-oriented, such as job training and low-income housing. Consumption-oriented programmes provide emergency safety nets, but do not yield long term solutions as investment-oriented programmes do. A balance between both types of programmes is needed. In the fourth essay, we consider the actual determinants of public policies toward poverty, and the departure from the standard assumptions of neo-classical theory that they imply. Several questions are considered, including: What are the forces shaping the introduction of new programmes and the termination of existing ones? On what scientific basis are public policy decisions made? What are the ethical arguments invoked to justify these policies? The essay provides a global framework through which answers to these questions can be provided. This framework is applied to low income electricity programmes in Brussels.
Breeding rice for heat tolerance and climate change scenario; possibilities and way forward. A review
Creators: name: Senguttuvel, Ponnuvel
name: Jaldhani, Veerendra
name: Raju, Nannapu Sravan
name: Balakrishnan, Divya
name: Beulah, Pasumarthi
name: Bhadhana, Vijai Pal
name: Mangrauthia, Satendra Kumar
name: Neeraja, Chirravuri Naga
name: Subrahmanyam, Desiraju
name: Rao, Puskur Raghuveer
name: Hariprasad, Arramsetty Subrahmanyam
name: Voleti, Sitapati Rao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The consequences of climate change are drastically impacting field crop production; it is an immense prerequisite to attribute resilience through crop improvement. Thus, the breeders’ task is to sustain yield potential in changing climate, which imperils the food grain security. Globally, high temperature is one of the grounds that support climate change. High temperature critically affects the sensitive stages of rice, starting from anthesis to grain filling, which dictates plant reproduction. In tropical conditions, it is often the yield-limiting factor and sources for yield penalty with poor grain quality. Exploring the ways to mitigate heat tolerance in rice resulted in identifying key traits like early morning flowering, pollen fertility, pollen shedding percentage, stigma receptivity, and spikelet fertility. Identifying germplasm resources with heat-tolerance traits is the foremost task followed by exploiting them in climate-resilient rice breeding. It prompts the breeding practices to improve tolerant varieties as an adaptation option suggested by various simulated crop models. With the advances in biotechnology, there are still more comprehensions required in connection to genetics, physiology, and molecular responses of heat tolerance. Herein, we reviewed the consequence of heat tolerance, germplasm resources, genetic and genomic mechanisms for attenuating heat stress impact of rice.
Extrasolar Planet Orbits and Eccentricities
Creators: name: Tremaine, Scott
name: Zakamska, Nadia L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The known extrasolar planets exhibit many interesting and surprising features--extremely short-period orbits, high-eccentricity orbits, mean-motion and secular resonances, etc.--and have dramatically expanded our appreciation of the diversity of possible planetary systems. In this review we summarize the orbital properties of extrasolar planets. One of the most remarkable features of extrasolar planets is their high eccentricities, far larger than seen in the solar system. We review theoretical explanations for large eccentricities and point out the successes and shortcomings of existing theories.
description: 10 pages including 3 figures, invited review at 'The Search for Other Worlds', Oct 2003, College Park, MD
Wild Bootstrap Tests for IV Regression
Creators: name: Davidson, Russell
name: MacKinnon, James G.
name: Davidson, Russell
name: MacKinnon, James G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Instrumental variables estimation
subject: two-stage least squares
subject: weak instruments
subject: wild bootstrap
subject: pairs bootstrap
subject: residual bootstrap
subject: confidence intervals
subject: Anderson-Robin test

description: We propose a wild bootstrap procedure for linear regression models estimated by instrumental variables. Like other bootstrap procedures that we have proposed elsewhere, it uses efficient estimates of the reduced-form equation(s). Unlike them, it takes account of possible heteroskedasticity of unknown form. We apply this procedure to t tests, including heteroskedasticity-robust t tests, and to the Anderson-Rubin test. We provide simulation evidence that it works far better than older methods, such as the pairs bootstrap. We also show how to obtain reliable confidence intervals by inverting bootstrap tests. An empirical example illustrates the utility of these procedures.
Additional file 10 of Rule-based meta-analysis reveals the major role of PB2 in influencing influenza A virus virulence in mice
Creators: name: Ivan, Fransiskus Xaverius
name: Kwoh, Chee Keong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 10: Table S6. GISAID acknowledgement table for sequences used in this study.
Four essays on poverty and public policy
Creators: name: Wodon, Quentin T.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation consists of four essays. The first two essays are devoted to an empirical analysis of poverty and inequality in Bangladesh. The third essay consists of a optimal control model of homelessness and poverty in the United States. The fourth essay is based on a case study of low income electricity programmes in Belgium. In the first essay, the unit level data of four rounds of the Household Expenditure Surveys of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics are used by an independent researcher for the first time to answer fundamental questions such as: What is the extent of poverty in Bangladesh? How has it evolved over time? Who are the poor? Why are they poor?; In the second essay, three innovations for the analysis of poverty and inequality are illustrated with the same data sets. First, an extension of a Gini decomposition is used to analyze stratification and inequality in a multidimensional context. Second, receiving operating characteristics curves are used to assess the discriminating power of targeting indicators. Third, survival analysis techniques are used for poverty comparisons. In the third essay, an optimal control model is developed to discuss the trade-off between programmes for the alleviation of poverty and homelessness which are consumption-oriented, such as welfare benefits and shelter beds, or investment-oriented, such as job training and low-income housing. Consumption-oriented programmes provide emergency safety nets, but do not yield long term solutions as investment-oriented programmes do. A balance between both types of programmes is needed. In the fourth essay, we consider the actual determinants of public policies toward poverty, and the departure from the standard assumptions of neo-classical theory that they imply. Several questions are considered, including: What are the forces shaping the introduction of new programmes and the termination of existing ones? On what scientific basis are public policy decisions made? What are the ethical arguments invoked to justify these policies? The essay provides a global framework through which answers to these questions can be provided. This framework is applied to low income electricity programmes in Brussels.
Beyond skill scores: exploring sub-seasonal forecast value through a case study of French month-ahead energy prediction
Creators: name: Dorrington, Joshua
name: Finney, Isla
name: Palmer, Tim
name: Weisheimer, Antje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantify the value of sub-seasonal forecasts for a real-world prediction problem: the forecasting of French month-ahead energy demand. Using surface temperature as a predictor, we construct a trading strategy and assess the financial value of using meteorological forecasts, based on actual energy demand and price data. We show that forecasts with lead times greater than 2 weeks can have value for this application, both on their own and in conjunction with shorter range forecasts, especially during boreal winter. We consider a cost/loss framework based on this example, and show that while it captures the performance of the short range forecasts well, it misses the marginal value present in the longer range forecasts. We also contrast our assessment of forecast value to that given by traditional skill scores, which we show could be misleading if used in isolation. We emphasise the importance of basing assessment of forecast skill on variables actually used by end-users.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, revised submission to QJRMS
Of punishment and parenthood: The relationship between family-based social control and sentencing
Creators: name: Flavin, Jeanne Marie
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This research explores answers to the questions, "Do black men and women drug offenders receive similar sentences?" and "Are the predictors of sentencing similar in type and magnitude for black women and men?" One of the major tenets of Donald Black's theory of the sociology of law is that informal social control varies inversely with formal social control. Black's theory was extended to consider the role of two types of family-based informal social control prevalent in the lives of black women and men: child-based social control and kin-based social control. Offenders who live with children were expected to be sentenced less severely than those who do not. Also, the influence of child-based social control was predicted to be greater for women than for men because women's lives are more constricted by caring for children than are their male parent counterparts. These predictions were tested using 1991-1993 data for 3,444 black men and 712 black women convicted of cocaine offenses in the District of Columbia's Superior Court. Regressions models containing key legal and extralegal characteristics were estimated for men and women combined, and separately. Kin-based social control was not found to be an important predictor of sentence. The child-based factors influenced sentence severity for women but not for men. The findings suggest that women offenders benefit from having their child care responsibilities taken into account in a way that men offenders do not. However, the consideration of child care responsibilities is not extended to women who do not live with their children; these women are sentenced more severely than other women. This study concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for sentencing policy and future theory development.
Symmetry & critical points for a model shallow neural network
Creators: name: Arjevani, Yossi
name: Field, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the optimization problem associated with fitting two-layer ReLU networks with $k$ hidden neurons, where labels are assumed to be generated by a (teacher) neural network. We leverage the rich symmetry exhibited by such models to identify various families of critical points and express them as power series in $k^{-\frac{1}{2}}$. These expressions are then used to derive estimates for several related quantities which imply that not all spurious minima are alike. In particular, we show that while the loss function at certain types of spurious minima decays to zero like $k^{-1}$, in other cases the loss converges to a strictly positive constant. The methods used depend on symmetry, the geometry of group actions, bifurcation, and Artin's implicit function theorem.
Of punishment and parenthood: The relationship between family-based social control and sentencing
Creators: name: Flavin, Jeanne Marie
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This research explores answers to the questions, "Do black men and women drug offenders receive similar sentences?" and "Are the predictors of sentencing similar in type and magnitude for black women and men?" One of the major tenets of Donald Black's theory of the sociology of law is that informal social control varies inversely with formal social control. Black's theory was extended to consider the role of two types of family-based informal social control prevalent in the lives of black women and men: child-based social control and kin-based social control. Offenders who live with children were expected to be sentenced less severely than those who do not. Also, the influence of child-based social control was predicted to be greater for women than for men because women's lives are more constricted by caring for children than are their male parent counterparts. These predictions were tested using 1991-1993 data for 3,444 black men and 712 black women convicted of cocaine offenses in the District of Columbia's Superior Court. Regressions models containing key legal and extralegal characteristics were estimated for men and women combined, and separately. Kin-based social control was not found to be an important predictor of sentence. The child-based factors influenced sentence severity for women but not for men. The findings suggest that women offenders benefit from having their child care responsibilities taken into account in a way that men offenders do not. However, the consideration of child care responsibilities is not extended to women who do not live with their children; these women are sentenced more severely than other women. This study concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for sentencing policy and future theory development.