cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of hepatocellular adenoma by subtype and hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic liver by fractal analysis of perfusion MRI
Creators: name: Michallek, Florian
name: Sartoris, Riccardo
name: Beaufrère, Aurélie
name: Dioguardi Burgio, Marco
name: Cauchy, François
name: Cannella, Roberto
name: Paradis, Valérie
name: Ronot, Maxime
name: Dewey, Marc
name: Vilgrain, Valérie
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Hepatocellular adenoma
subject: Hepatocellular carcinoma
subject: Magnetic resonance imaging
subject: Perfusion
subject: Fractals
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: To investigate whether fractal analysis of perfusion differentiates hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) subtypes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in non-cirrhotic liver by quantifying perfusion chaos using four-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (4D-DCE-MRI). Results: A retrospective population of 63 patients (47 female) with histopathologically characterized HCA and HCC in non-cirrhotic livers was investigated. Our population consisted of 13 hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1 alpha-inactivated (H-HCAs), 7 beta-catenin-exon-3-mutated (b(ex3)-HCAs), 27 inflammatory HCAs (I-HCAs), and 16 HCCs. Four-dimensional fractal analysis was applied to arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases of 4D-DCE-MRI and was performed in lesions as well as remote liver tissue. Diagnostic accuracy of fractal analysis was compared to qualitative MRI features alone and their combination using multi-class diagnostic accuracy testing including kappa-statistics and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Fractal analysis allowed quantification of perfusion chaos, which was significantly different between lesion subtypes (multi-class AUC = 0.90, p < 0.001), except between I-HCA and HCC. Qualitative MRI features alone did not allow reliable differentiation between HCA subtypes and HCC (kappa = 0.35). However, combining qualitative MRI features and fractal analysis reliably predicted the histopathological diagnosis (kappa = 0.89) and improved differentiation of high-risk lesions (i.e., HCCs, b(ex3)-HCAs) and low-risk lesions (H-HCAs, I-HCAs) from sensitivity and specificity of 43% (95% confidence interval [CI] 23-66%) and 47% (CI 32-64%) for qualitative MRI features to 96% (CI 78-100%) and 68% (CI 51-81%), respectively, when adding fractal analysis. Conclusions: Combining qualitative MRI features with fractal analysis allows identification of HCA subtypes and HCCs in patients with non-cirrhotic livers and improves differentiation of lesions with high and low risk for malignant transformation.
Solar nanoflares and other smaller energy release events as growing drift waves
Creators: name: Vranjes, J.
name: Poedts, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid energy releases (RERs) in the solar corona extend over many orders of magnitude, the largest (flares) releasing an energy of $10^{25} $J or more. Other events, with a typical energy that is a billion times less, are called nanoflares. A basic difference between flares and nanoflares is that flares need a larger magnetic field and thus occur only in active regions, while nanoflares can appear everywhere. The origin of such RERs is usually attributed to magnetic reconnection that takes place at altitudes just above the transition region. Here we show that nanoflares and smaller similar RERs can be explained within the drift wave theory as a natural stage in the kinetic growth of the drift wave. In this scenario, a growing mode with a sufficiently large amplitude leads to stochastic heating that can provide an energy release of over $10^{16} $J.
Numerical Investigation of Photonic Crystal Microcavities in Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguides
Creators: name: Burger, S.
name: Schmidt, F.
name: Zschiedrich, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical resonances in 1D photonic crystal microcavities are investigated numerically using finite-element light scattering and eigenmode solvers. The results are validated by comparison to experimental and theoretical findings from the literature. The influence of nanometer-scale geometry variations on the resonator performance is studied. Limiting factors to ultra-high Q-factor performance are identified.
The cosmological background of vector modes
Creators: name: Lu, Teresa Hui-Ching
name: Ananda, Kishore
name: Clarkson, Chris
name: Maartens, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spectrum of vector modes today which is generated at second order by density perturbations. The vector mode background that is generated by structure formation is small but in principle it contributes to the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, to redshift-space distortions and to weak lensing. We recover, clarify and extend previous results, and explain carefully why no vorticity is generated in the fluid at second order. The amplitude of the induced vector mode in the metric is around 1% that of the first-order scalars on small scales. We also calculate the power spectrum and the energy density of the vector part of the shear at second order.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures. Version to appear in JCAP; minor improvements and additional references
Writing "reality" : Vladimir Nabokov's Pale fire as the apotheosis of his memoiristic fiction
Creators: name: Litchfield, Tennyson Scott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: This thesis employs a synthesis of rhetorical and structuralist narratologies in order to theorise an approach to reading Vladimir Nabokov’s Pale Fire (1962) in such a way as to emphasise the imagined “reality” implied by the text—which I argue is of great importance to Nabokov’s work—without impinging consideration of the artifice of the text, which has typically dominated critical discussion. In doing so, I frame Pale Fire as one of what Pekka Tammi has termed Nabokov’s “memoiristic fictions”: texts which fictively produce themselves within the world they imply. This allows for the avant-garde structure of the text (poem, annotations) to draw us as readers into the story-world rather than simply the mirror-play of the text’s fragmented artifice. As noted above, my approach, while emphasising the “reality” behind the artifice, does not denigrate the aesthetic elements of the text. Rather, I argue that the tensions between the voices of the text—which emerge at both the discourse and story levels—are the key elements of the experience of reading the text and should not be smoothed out by reading strategies which, through an over-emphasis on either “reality” or artifice (though usually the latter), seek to create a false unity in the text by somewhat negating the presence of the other. As my approach makes clear, reading Nabokov, and especially reading Pale Fire, the apotheosis of his memoiristic fiction, requires that we experience the text and the imagined “reality” it implies by allowing ourselves to feel, as it were, the aesthetic tensions within its fragmented artifice, but also the ethical tensions on the level of the story. We can neither access nor assess Nabokov’s ethical concerns without experiencing his story through the tensions of his aesthetic choices, but neither can we feel the full impact of these aesthetic choices without experiencing them through our consideration of the ethical situations at hand and the consequent tensions at the story level.
Doctors on the move 2: a qualitative study on the social integration of middle eastern physicians following their migration to Germany
Creators: name: Schumann, Marwa
name: Sepke, Maria
name: Peters, Harm
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: International migration of health personnel
subject: International medical graduates (IMG)
subject: Global health
subject: Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
subject: Germany
subject: Social integration
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The integration of immigrating physicians has become a challenge for many societies and health care systems worldwide. Facilitating the integration process may benefit both the uptaking country and the immigrating physicians. Previous studies have approached this problem from a system integration perspective. The present study explores the degree of social integration of an exemplary group of Middle Eastern physicians following their migration to Germany from an individual perspective. Methods: Based on social constructivist epistemology, a series of fifteen interviews and two focus groups with immigrated Middle Eastern physicians (n = 23, purposively sampled) were conducted between 2017 and 2020 in Germany. The audio recordings were transcribed, translated into English and analysed deductively based on Esser's model of social integration, consisting of four dimensions: acculturation, positioning, interaction and identification. Results: The social integration of the participants showed a multifaceted picture. The early phase was characterized by disorientation and trial and error. Cultural differences were of major importance. Acculturation was facilitated by German language acquisition and increased over time, although some cultural difficulties remained. Professional positioning was facilitated by the need for physicians and a relatively low-hurdle relicensing procedure. Interaction and identification depended on the efforts of the individual physicians. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive picture of the individual social integration of Middle Eastern physicians in Germany. Language and cultural adaptation are identified as being of primary importance. Social integration can be facilitated through orientation programmes or cross-cultural training that benefits the uptaking countries as well as the immigrating physicians.
Additional file 7 of Simplified plasmid cloning with a universal MCS design and bacterial in vivo assembly
Creators: name: Chen, Fan
name: Li, Yi-ya
name: Yu, Yan-li
name: Dai, Jie
name: Huang, Jin-ling
name: Lin, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 7. Supplementary image file. Vector format of Figure S1, S2, S5.
Particle Topology, Braids, and Braided Belts
Creators: name: Bilson-Thompson, Sundance
name: Hackett, Jonathan
name: Kauffman, Louis H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 20F36

description: Recent work suggests that topological features of certain quantum gravity theories can be interpreted as particles, matching the known fermions and bosons of the first generation in the Standard Model. This is achieved by identifying topological structures with elements of the framed Artin braid group on three strands, and demonstrating a correspondence between the invariants used to characterise these braids (a braid is a set of non-intersecting curves, that connect one set of $N$ points with another set of $N$ points), and quantities like electric charge, colour charge, and so on. In this paper we show how to manipulate a modified form of framed braids to yield an invariant standard form for sets of isomorphic braids, characterised by a vector of real numbers. This will serve as a basis for more complete discussions of quantum numbers in future work.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures
Tunable magnetic properties of arrays of Fe(110) nanowires grown on kinetically-grooved W(110) self-organized templates
Creators: name: Borca, Bogdana
name: Fruchart, Olivier
name: Kritsikis, Evaggelos
name: Cheynis, Fabien
name: Rousseau, Anthony
name: David, Philippe
name: Meyer, Claire
name: Toussaint, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a detailed magnetic study of a new type of self-organized nanowires disclosed briefly previously [B. Borca et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 142507 (2007)]. The templates, prepared on sapphire wafers in a kinetically-limited regime, consist of uniaxially-grooved W(110) surfaces, with a lateral period here tuned to 15nm. Fe deposition leads to the formation of (110) 7 nm-wide wires located at the bottom of the grooves. The effect of capping layers (Mo, Pd, Au, Al) and underlayers (Mo, W) on the magnetic anisotropy of the wires was studied. Significant discrepancies with figures known for thin flat films are evidenced and discussed in terms of step anisotropy and strain-dependent surface anisotropy. Demagnetizing coeffcients of cylinders with a triangular isosceles cross-section have also been calculated, to estimate the contribution of dipolar anisotropy. Finally, the dependence of magnetic anisotropy with the interface element was used to tune the blocking temperature of the wires, here from 50K to 200 K.
25 years of experience with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): changes in patient selection and procedural aspects
Creators: name: Büttner, Laura
name: Aigner, Annette
name: Pick, Lisa
name: Brittinger, Josefine
name: Steib, Christian J.
name: Böning, Georg
name: Streitparth, Florian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
subject: Portal hypertension
subject: Variceal bleeding
subject: Ascites
subject: Hepatic encephalopathy
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: TIPS is an established treatment for portal hypertension. The aim was to analyze how patient selection for TIPS implantation and procedural aspects have changed over 25 years. Routinely collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, and procedural data of 835 patients treated with TIPS in a single center were used. Time trends over the observational period from 1993 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: The most common indication for TIPS implantation has changed significantly from secondary prevention of variceal hemorrhage in the early years to treatment of recurrent ascites. During the observation period, increasingly more severely ill patients became TIPS candidates. There was little change in MELD scores over this period (in total median 13.00; IQR 10.00-18.00). The proportion of patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis increased. The most frequent underlying diseases in total were alcohol-related liver disease (66.5%) and viral hepatitis (11.9%). However, shares of cryptogenic liver cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, and NASH increased over time. The proportion of patients post liver transplant also increased. While bare metal stents were standard in the past, use of covered stents increased. The success rate of TIPS (defined by successful implantation and a decrease in the portosystemic pressure gradient <= 12 mmHg) increased significantly over time. The total success rate according to this definition was 84.9%. Conclusion: The results of our analysis reflect technical developments in TIPS, especially in terms of stent material and gains in clinical experience, particularly regarding indications and patient selection for TIPS implantation.
Origin of cosmic rays and evolution of spallogenic nuclides Li, Be and B
Creators: name: Prantzos, Nikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A short overview is presented of current issues concerning the production and evolution of Li, Be and B in the Milky Way. In particular, the observed "primary-like" evolution of Be is re-assessed in the light of a novel idea: it is argued that Galactic Cosmic Rays are accelerated from the wind material of rotating massive stars, hit by the forward shock of the subsequent supernova explosions. The pre-galactic levels of both Li isotopes remain controversial at present, making it difficult to predict their Galactic evolution. A quantitative estimate is provided of the contributions of various candidate sources to the solar abundance of Li.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, Invited review in IAU Symposium 268 "Light Elements in the Universe", Eds. C. Charbonnel, M. Tosi, F. Primas and C. Chiappini, in press
Evaluation of large language models for discovery of gene set function
Creators: name: Mengzhou Hu
name: Alkhairy, Sahar
name: Ingoo Lee
name: Pillich, Rudolf T.
name: Bachelder, Robin
name: Ideker, Trey
name: Pratt, Dexter
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: Gene set analysis is a mainstay of functional genomics, but it relies on manually curated databases of gene functions that are incomplete and unaware of biological context. Here we evaluate the ability of OpenAI’s GPT-4, a Large Language Model (LLM), to develop hypotheses about common gene functions from its embedded biomedical knowledge. We created a GPT-4 pipeline to label gene sets with names that summarize their consensus functions, substantiated by analysis text and citations. Benchmarking against named gene sets in the Gene Ontology, GPT-4 generated very similar names in 50% of cases, while in most remaining cases it recovered the name of a more general concept. In gene sets discovered in ‘omics data, GPT-4 names were more informative than gene set enrichment, with supporting statements and citations that largely verified in human review. The ability to rapidly synthesize common gene functions positions LLMs as valuable functional genomics assistants.
Feature Selection for Multivariate Time-Series Data After Tensor Reduction
Creators: name: Beichen Wang
name: Yuk Fai Leung
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: Animals display dynamic behaviors upon stimulation, reflecting the underlying neural processing of the environment. The dynamic behavior can be captured by various behavioral assays that generate multivariate time-series datasets known as three-tensor (3T) data. For instance, in a visual-motor response (VMR) assay of zebrafish, multiple variables are recorded to capture zebrafish swimming behaviors in a time series. Variables include swimming distance and durations. Proper analysis of the 3T data can facilitate our understanding of the underlying neural processing, yet current multivariate analysis (MVA) is incompatible with the 3T data because it only handles two-tensor (2T) data structure. To reduce 3T data for MVA, common methods are: 1) constructing one behavioral variable, e.g., combining distance-related variables into one total distance variable in VMR data, to reduce the variable tensor; and 2) concatenating all behavioral variables to reduce the time tensor. However, these methods may generate too few or too many features, reducing the MVA performance to capture the rich repertoire of behavioral dynamics. To solve this problem, we proposed a feature selection workflow after tensor reduction and demonstrated its utility when classifying wildtype (WT) and visually-impaired zebrafish (mutant) using VMR data. The feature selection workflow combines the filter and embedded methods by intersection or union. In the WT-mutant VMR data, we selected features where WT and mutant were different, using p-value by t-test and fold change for the filter method and random forest for the embedded method. We tested six classifiers with 10-fold cross-validation (CV) and found that their average CV accuracies were higher with feature selection than without. The average CV accuracies were higher when concatenating all behavioral variables than when constructing one behavioral variable. In conclusion, we built a feature selection workflow in multivariate time-series behavior data to capture the dynamic behavior and facilitate future research in neural processing.
Additional file 11 of Simplified plasmid cloning with a universal MCS design and bacterial in vivo assembly
Creators: name: Chen, Fan
name: Li, Yi-ya
name: Yu, Yan-li
name: Dai, Jie
name: Huang, Jin-ling
name: Lin, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 11. Supplementary protocol description. Standard protocols for UMCS based cloning.
Neutrinos and Lepton Flavour Violation
Creators: name: Feldmann, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I give a sketchy overview on aspects related to the lepton flavour sector in the standard model and its possible extensions.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, Presented at FLAVIAnet Topical Workshop ``Low energy constraints on extensions of the Standard Model'', Kazimierz, Poland, 23-27 July 2009
raw data of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients
Creators: name: Wei, Rong
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Based on their nationality, the PMOP patients were divided into two groups, including Han (n=178) and Uygur (n=168) groups. Western blots and RT-qPCR analyses showed that The VDR and ER-α gene polymorphisms were not associated with the different TCM syndromes of PMOP in the Han and Uyghur female populations in Xinjiang, China.
Force induced unfolding of bio-polymers in a cellular environment: A model study
Creators: name: Singh, Amit Raj
name: Giri, Debaprasad
name: Kumar, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effect of molecular crowding and confinement experienced by protein in the cell during unfolding has been studied by modeling a linear polymer chain on a percolation cluster. It is known that internal structure of the cell changes in time, however, they do not change significantly from their initial structure. In order to model this we introduce the correlation among the different disorder realizations. It was shown that the force-extension behavior for correlated disorder in both constant force ensemble (CFE) and constant distance ensemble (CDE) is significantly different than the one obtained in absence of molecular crowding.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Supporting Greater Vancouver secondary school students’ mental health through time outdoors : a qualitative investigation
Creators: name: Hussaina, Hebah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: There is strong evidence that spending time outdoors benefits mental health, including that of youth. Time spent outdoors is associated with lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Secondary schools play a key role in supporting youths’ healthy development and are well positioned to promote initiatives that strengthen mental health, including facilitating opportunities for time spent outdoors. Yet, there remains a paucity of evidence to guide secondary schools in better supporting such initiatives. The purpose of this study is to understand the experiences of youth located in the Greater Vancouver Metropolitan District (GVMD), of British Columbia, Canada, who engage in or would like to engage in outdoor time at secondary schools as a mental health promotion strategy. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews and optional photovoice methods to gather data from youth who attend public schools in GVMD. Participants took photos or verbally identified and described areas in their school environment during either in-person or virtual interviews and explored how youth currently engage with their school's outdoor spaces, identified facilitators and barriers for outdoor engagement, and provided recommendations to extend opportunities for time outdoors. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes grounded in participant’s lived experiences. A total of 15 youth (aged 16-17 years) from five different GVMD school districts participated in this study. Three main themes with multiple sub-themes were identified: 1) Importance of outdoor time for youth (e.g., health contributions), 2) Current outdoor time opportunities in secondary schools and factors affecting engagement in these opportunities (e.g., weather as a barrier for going outdoors), and 3) Ideas for secondary school initiatives to increase time outdoors (e.g., space changes to the outdoor environment). Representative participant quotes and/or photographs were highlighted to serve as exemplars for each theme. Outdoor time provides several mental health benefits for youth. Investing in initiatives which promote positive mental health outcomes within secondary schools are a public health priority and hold the potential to support healthy trajectories throughout the life course. Schools offer a venue for promoting youth mental health and time outdoors is a promising strategy that could be better leveraged in this setting.
Discovering the Higgs with Low Mass Muon Pairs
Creators: name: Lisanti, Mariangela
name: Wacker, Jay G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many models of electroweak symmetry breaking have an additional light pseudoscalar. If the Higgs boson can decay to a new pseudoscalar, LEP searches for the Higgs can be significantly altered and the Higgs can be as light as 86 GeV. Discovering the Higgs boson in these models is challenging when the pseudoscalar is lighter than 10 GeV because it decays dominantly into tau leptons. In this paper, we discuss discovering the Higgs in a subdominant decay mode where one of the pseudoscalars decays to a pair of muons. This search allows for potential discovery of a cascade-decaying Higgs boson with the complete Tevatron data set or early data at the LHC.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Linking formability to the structure – property relationships of coil coatings
Creators: name: Sorce, Fabian Sylvan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Polyester coatings crosslinked with hexa(methylmethoxy)melamine (HMMM) are commonly used in coil coating, a highly automated and efficient process used to produce pre-painted metal sheet (PPM). The PPM undergoes large deformations when formed into end-products, ranging from white-goods to architectural cladding, which are used in diverse environments. As the coatings protect the substrate and provide excellent aesthetics, it is critical for them to withstand failure by cracking. The thermo-mechanical properties of polyester coatings with different chemistries were determined using dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing. The formability of the coatings was examined using industry standard T-bend and Erichsen cupping tests. The effects of varying the crosslinker content from 5 % to 30 % with respect to resin, replacing phthalic anhydride with isophthalic acid in the resin, varying the adipic content from 12 % to 24 %, and varying the resin molecular weight (Mn) from 1500 g/mol to 3300 g/mol were investigated. Increasing the crosslinker content, and decreasing the adipic content and Mn decreases the formability. This is attributed to an increasing Tg and restrictions on polymer chain movement. The addition of TiO2 pigment increases the stiffness and induces a toughening effect at elevated temperatures. The surface strains in the T-bend test (~ 225 % at 0T, reducing to ~ 27 % at 4T) and Erichsen cupping test (~ 38 % at IE = 9 mm) were quantified for the first time using finite element analysis, and experimentally verified. A study on the parameters affecting the strains in the Erichsen cupping is presented, and a novel analytical model to predict the applied strains in T-bend tests has been proposed.
Additional file 1 of Simplified plasmid cloning with a universal MCS design and bacterial in vivo assembly
Creators: name: Chen, Fan
name: Li, Yi-ya
name: Yu, Yan-li
name: Dai, Jie
name: Huang, Jin-ling
name: Lin, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 Table S1. An overview of some existing methods developed for plasmid cloning.
Effects of gut hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 and desacyl ghrelin, on eating behaviour in obesity and ex-smokers
Creators: name: Ling, Yong Yong
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Introduction: Unhealthy eating behaviour is more prevalent in obesity and contributes to weight regain after dieting. Smoking cessation weight gain, a common reason for relapse to cigarettes, also has adverse health consequences. Gut hormones, such as GLP-1 and desacyl ghrelin (DAG), reduce appetite and weight in obesity and Prader-Willi syndrome. GLP-1 and ghrelin signalling systems modulate central reward networks for food and nicotine in preclinical and human studies. However, the impact of GLP-1 and DAG on neurocircuitry involved in eating behaviour in obesity and ex-smokers remains unclear therefore further insight is needed to guide clinical use of gut hormones in prevention of weight gain during dieting and smoking cessation. Aims: Here, the effects of acute administration of GLP-1 analogue, Exenatide or DAG was explored in dieting adults with obesity, or in abstinent nicotine-dependence (double blind randomised placebo controlled cross-over design), on food cue responsivity using fMRI in reward-processing regions, food intake, food reward and appetite. Results: In dieting group with obesity, both Exenatide and DAG increased BOLD signal to high-energy (HE) food pictures in prefrontal cortex regions, implicated in inhibitory control. In contrast, in ex-smokers, both Exenatide and DAG decreased BOLD signal to HE food pictures in the mesolimbic reward-processing regions and prefrontal cortex, suggesting a reduction in anticipatory food reward with a concomitant decrease in executive control. With Exenatide, there was also a reduction in HE food appeal, food intake and appetite ratings in both groups. With DAG, there was no overall effect on HE food appeal, food intake or appetite ratings in both groups. Conclusion: These findings are in accord with the possibility that Exenatide and DAG could be used in prevention of smoking cessation weight gain. This experimental medicine study has provided pilot data for a larger clinical study to trial these gut hormones as potential therapies in smoking cessation.
Intermittent accreting millisecond pulsars: light houses with broken lamps?
Creators: name: Altamirano, D.
name: Casella, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermittent accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars are an exciting new type of sources. Their pulsations appear and disappear either on timescales of hundreds of seconds or on timescales of days. The study of these sources add new observational constraints to present models that explain the presence or not of pulsations in neutron star LMXBs. In this paper we present preliminary results on spectral and aperiodic variability studies of all intermittent AMSPs, with a particular focus on the comparison between pulsating and non pulsating periods.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; to appear in the proceedings of the workshop "A Decade of Accreting Millisecond X-ray Pulsars", Amsterdam, April 2008, eds. R. Wijnands et al. (AIP Conf. Proc.)
SmartEraser: Remove Anything from Images using Masked-Region Guidance
Creators: name: Jiang, Longtao
name: Wang, Zhendong
name: Bao, Jianmin
name: Zhou, Wengang
name: Chen, Dongdong
name: Shi, Lei
name: Chen, Dong
name: Li, Houqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object removal has so far been dominated by the mask-and-inpaint paradigm, where the masked region is excluded from the input, leaving models relying on unmasked areas to inpaint the missing region. However, this approach lacks contextual information for the masked area, often resulting in unstable performance. In this work, we introduce SmartEraser, built with a new removing paradigm called Masked-Region Guidance. This paradigm retains the masked region in the input, using it as guidance for the removal process. It offers several distinct advantages: (a) it guides the model to accurately identify the object to be removed, preventing its regeneration in the output; (b) since the user mask often extends beyond the object itself, it aids in preserving the surrounding context in the final result. Leveraging this new paradigm, we present Syn4Removal, a large-scale object removal dataset, where instance segmentation data is used to copy and paste objects onto images as removal targets, with the original images serving as ground truths. Experimental results demonstrate that SmartEraser significantly outperforms existing methods, achieving superior performance in object removal, especially in complex scenes with intricate compositions.
description: Project at: https://longtaojiang.github.io/smarteraser.github.io/
The observation of a positive magnetoresistance and close correlation among lattice, spin and charge around TC in antipervoskite SnCMn3
Creators: name: Wang, B. S.
name: Tong, P.
name: Sun, Y. P.
name: Zhu, X. B.
name: Song, W. H.
name: Yang, Z. R.
name: Dai, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependences of magnetization, electrical transport, and thermal transport properties of antiperovskite compound SnCMn3 have been investigated systematically. A positive magnetoresistance (~11%) is observed around the ferrimagnetic-paramagnetic transition (TC ~ 280 K) in the field of 50 kOe, which can be attributed to the field-induced magnetic phase transition. The abnormalities of resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, normal Hall effect and thermal conductivity near TC are suggested to be associated with an abrupt reconstruction of electronic structure. Further, our results indicate an essential interaction among lattice, spin and charge degrees of freedom around TC. Such an interaction among various degrees of freedom associated with sudden phase transition is suggested to be characteristic of Mn-based antiperovskite compounds.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Galilean anti-de-Sitter spacetime in Romans theory
Creators: name: Singh, Harvendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Romans type IIA theory is the only known example of 10-dimensional maximal supergravity where (tensor) fields are explicitly massive. We provide an example of a non-relativistic anti-de Sitter $NRadS_4\times S^6$ background as a solution in massive type IIA. A compactification of which on $S^6$ gives immediately the prototype NRadS background in D=4 which is proposed to be dual to `cold atoms' or unitary fermions on a wire.
description: 10 pages; change in references
Additional file 2 of Simplified plasmid cloning with a universal MCS design and bacterial in vivo assembly
Creators: name: Chen, Fan
name: Li, Yi-ya
name: Yu, Yan-li
name: Dai, Jie
name: Huang, Jin-ling
name: Lin, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2 Table S2. A selection of UMCS based cloning for XL-10 Gold and JM109(DE3).
Investigation of the cyclophilin A:CD147 axis as a novel mediator of ventilator-induced lung injury
Creators: name: Koh, Marissa Wen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity within the Intensive Care Unit. Despite increasing understanding of its pathogenesis in the past 50 years, management remains purely supportive with mechanical ventilation (MV) forming the mainstay of treatment. However, MV itself can worsen pre-existing ARDS, a phenomenon known as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Since exposure to MV remains largely unavoidable, it is important that clinicians are able to limit the damage that occurs when patients are ventilated. While pharmacotherapies aimed at mitigating the inflammatory component of VILI have always been an attractive approach, to date, none have been shown to be successful in clinical trials. This suggests that there are still gaps in our current understanding of the disease and highlights the importance of studies investigating mechanistic pathways of ARDS. In this thesis, we explore the role of the cyclophilin A (CypA):CD147 signalling axis in VILI. CypA is a ubiquitously distributed protein. Although previous research has focussed on its intracellular roles, recent studies suggest the involvement of extracellular CypA and its primary receptor CD147 in inflammatory diseases. We hypothesise that CypA is secreted into the alveolar space following epithelial insult where it can then interact with CD147 to promote inflammation and injury. We have shown, for the first time, the involvement of CypA in VILI in animal models as well as in human ARDS patients. CypA is produced locally within the lungs at an early time point, most likely by alveolar epithelial cells. In vitro, recombinant CypA induces activation of macrophages, suggesting it is more than a mere biomarker of injury. Lastly, inhibition of extracellular CypA in vivo leads to improved survival and impressive attenuation physiological dysfunction, providing further evidence that CypA does play a role in the pathogenesis of VILI.
Quantum corrected Langevin dynamics for adsorbates on metal surfaces interacting with hot electrons
Creators: name: Olsen, Thomas
name: Schiøtz, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the importance of including quantized initial conditions in Langevin dynamics for adsorbates interacting with a thermal reservoir of electrons. For quadratic potentials the time evolution is exactly described by a classical Langevin equation and it is shown how to rigorously obtain quantum mechanical probabilities from the classical phase space distributions resulting from the dynamics. At short time scales, classical and quasiclassical initial conditions lead to wrong results and only correctly quantized initial conditions give a close agreement with an inherently quantum mechanical master equation approach. With CO on Cu(100) as an example, we demonstrate the effect for a system with ab initio frictional tensor and potential energy surfaces and show that quantizing the initial conditions can have a large impact on both the desorption probability and the distribution of molecular vibrational states.
Coupled-channel calculation of bound and resonant spectra of Lambda-9Be and Lambda-13C hypernuclei
Creators: name: Canton, L.
name: Amos, K.
name: Karataglidis, S.
name: Svenne, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Multi-Channel Algebraic Scattering (MCAS) approach has been used to analyze the spectra of two hyper-nuclear systems, Lambda-9Be and Lambda-13C. The splitting of the two odd-parity excited levels (1/2^- and 3/2^-) at 11 MeV excitation in Lambda-13C is driven mainly by the weak Lambda-nucleus spin-orbit force, but the splittings of the 3/2^+ and 5/2^+ levels in both Lambda-9Be and Lambda-13C have a different origin. These cases appear to be dominated by coupling to the collective 2+ states of the core nuclei. Using simple phenomenological potentials as input to the MCAS method, the observed splitting and level ordering in Lambda-9Be is reproduced with the addition of a weak spin-spin interaction acting between the hyperon and the spin of the excited target. With no such spin-spin interaction, the level ordering in Lambda-9Be is inverted with respect to that currently observed. In both hyper-nuclei, our calculations suggest that there are additional low-lying resonant states in the Lambda-nucleus continua.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, 6 tables. To be published in International Journal of Modern Physics E
Engineering a genetic circuit for Turing patterns in E. coli with a Synthetic Biology approach
Creators: name: Tica, Jure
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Genetic circuits that can form spatial patterns have been a major topic of interest within Synthetic Biology. Turing patterns are self-organising spatial wave, spot or labyrinthine patterns that are formed in some reaction-diffusion circuits. The simplest Turing circuit involves a slow-diffusing activator and a fast-diffusing inhibitor, interacting to regulate their own and each other’s rates of production. An unambiguous implementation of Turing patterns with a genetic circuit is still lacking because of their exquisitely fine-tuned nature. This study aims to address this shortcoming and sets out to engineer a genetic circuit for Turing patterning in E. coli from first principles. Two genetic circuits were studied. Firstly, a phage circuit was designed according to the minimal self-activation, lateral inhibition Turing topology and involves a slow-diffusing M13 filamentous phage and a fast-diffusing 3OC6HSL quorum sensing signal. This circuit was abandoned because of the many complexities of phage biology, which were working against its successful implementation as a Turing generator. The focus was shifted to circuit ‘3954’, which was designed according to a more robust three-node topology and implemented with two small molecule diffusors; this could be done because the circuit allows for equal diffusivity of the two diffusing signals. All the components of circuit ‘3954’ were tested in reduced subcircuits and were shown to be functioning as expected. Growing bacterial colonies bearing the circuit were then visualised for pattern formation using confocal microscopy. Even though no Turing patterns were detected, the colonies consistently showed a centre-surround expression pattern of the fluorescence reporters, where GFP was expressed at the colony centre, whereas mCherry was predominantly expressed at the periphery. The obtained reaction-diffusion patterns are a good foundation for further tuning and exploration.
Antimatter Gravity Experiments, the Astronomical Challenges to Lambda-CDM Cosmology and the Quantum Vacuum as a Possible Source of Gravity in the Universe
Creators: name: Hajdukovic, Dragan S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review is motivated by the first result of the ALPHA-g experiment at CERN, which indicates that atoms and anti-atoms have different gravitational charges; according to measurements, the gravitational acceleration of anti-atoms is only 0.75 of that of ordinary matter. If confirmed by more precise measurements, this will greatly increase the plausibility of the emerging cosmological model, which is based on the working hypothesis that quantum vacuum fluctuations are virtual gravitational dipoles; a hypothesis that opens up the possibility that the quantum vacuum is a major source of gravity in the universe (which could eventually eliminate the need for the hypothetical dark matter and dark energy). This laboratory challenge to general relativity and Lambda-CDM cosmology is complemented by astronomical challenges (the Hubble tension, very fast initial growth of structures in the Universe, dark energy deviating from the cosmological constant...). The intriguing question is: do the antimatter gravity experiments at CERN and the recent astronomical observations point to the same (highly unexpected) new physics? With this question in mind, we briefly review the antimatter gravity experiments at CERN and elsewhere, together with the major astronomical challenges and the emerging Quantum Vacuum cosmology, which seems to be compatible with the ALPHA-g result and with the preliminary astronomical challenges. The laboratory and astronomical challenges have suddenly taken us into terra incognita, where we need absolutely unprecedented imagination and open-minded thinking.
description: This slightly extended version is identical to the manuscript accepted for publication in the International Journal of Theoretical Physics
A template README for social science replication packages
Creators: name: Vilhuber, Lars
name: Connolly, Marie
name: Koren, Miklós
name: Llull, Joan
name: Morrow, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: reproducibility
social sciences
economics

description: The typical README in social science journals serves the purpose of guiding a reader through the available material and a route to replicating the results in the research paper, including the description of the origins of data and/or description of programs. As such, a good README file should first provide a brief overview of the available material and a brief guide as to how to proceed from beginning to end, before then diving into the specifics. These template files structure such a README in a way that is compliant with the typical data and code workflow in the social sciences.
description: The README is under a CC-BY-NC license. Usage by commercial entities is allowed, reselling it is not.