cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Central Bank Communication and Correlation between Financial Markets: Canada and the United States
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Beck, Melanie-Kristin
name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Neuenkirch, Matthias
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: Financial Markets
Central Bank Communication
Dynamic Correlations
Diagonal-BEKK Models
Bank of Canada
Economics
Wirtschaft
Federal Reserve

description: We study the correlation between pairs of bond and stock markets in Canada and the United States between January 1998 and December 2009 in the framework of diagonal-BEKK models. Our research question is whether monetary policy actions and communications by the Bank of Canada and the Federal Reserve significantly affect the conditional co-movement of financial markets (i) within Canada and (ii) between Canada and the United States. We find that central bank communication significantly increases the correlation of financial markets within and across the two countries and is particularly important for the correlation of Canadian and US long-term interest rates.
Joinings of W*-dynamical systems
Creators: name: Duvenhage, Rocco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the notion of joinings of W*-dynamical systems, building on ideas from measure theoretic ergodic theory. In particular we prove sufficient and necessary conditions for ergodicity in terms of joinings, and also briefly look at conditional expectation operators associated with joinings.
description: 11 pages
Subword complexes and 2-truncated cubes
Creators: name: Gorsky, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a Coxeter element $c$ of a finite Coxeter group, we consider a family of subword complexes parameterized by reduced expressions of the longest element. This family generalizes $c-$cluster complexes. We describe vertices of these complexes in terms of roots of the corresponding root system. We prove that dual polytopes of all such complexes are combinatorial 2-truncated cubes.
description: Short announcement note published in 2014. Details will appear in forthcoming work
REM observations of GRB 060418: the fireball Lorentz factor determination
Creators: name: Vergani, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the fireball Lorentz factor of GRB 060418 by the direct observation of the onset of the NIR afterglow carried with the REM telescope. We found a value of about 400.
description: 2 pages, 1 eps figure. Proceedings of the "Swift and GRBs: Unveiling the Relativistic Universe" meeting, Venice, June 5-9, 2006, to be published by "Il Nuovo Cimento"
Search for intermediate mass black hole binaries in the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
Creators: name: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
name: The Virgo Collaboration
name: The KAGRA Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) span the approximate mass range $100$--$10^5\,M_\odot$, between black holes (BHs) formed by stellar collapse and the supermassive BHs at the centers of galaxies. Mergers of IMBH binaries are the most energetic gravitational-wave sources accessible by the terrestrial detector network. Searches of the first two observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo did not yield any significant IMBH binary signals. In the third observing run (O3), the increased network sensitivity enabled the detection of GW190521, a signal consistent with a binary merger of mass $\sim 150\,M_\odot\,$ providing direct evidence of IMBH formation. Here we report on a dedicated search of O3 data for further IMBH binary mergers, combining both modelled (matched filter) and model independent search methods. We find some marginal candidates, but none are sufficiently significant to indicate detection of further IMBH mergers. We quantify the sensitivity of the individual search methods and of the combined search using a suite of IMBH binary signals obtained via numerical relativity, including the effects of spins misaligned with the binary orbital axis, and present the resulting upper limits on astrophysical merger rates. Our most stringent limit is for equal mass and aligned spin BH binary of total mass $200\,M_\odot$ and effective aligned spin 0.8 at $0.056\,Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}$ (90 $\%$ confidence), a factor of 3.5 more constraining than previous LIGO-Virgo limits. We also update the estimated rate of mergers similar to GW190521 to $0.08\, Gpc^{-3}yr^{-1}$.
description: Main paper: 12 pages and 2 figures; total 27 pages with appendices and 4 figures
Measuring Magnetic Fields in Ultracool Stars and Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Reiners, Ansgar
name: Basri, Gibor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method for direct measurement of magnetic fields on ultracool stars and brown dwarfs. It takes advantage of the Wing-Ford band of FeH, which are seen throughout the M and L spectral types. These molecular features are not as blended as other optical molecular bands, are reasonably strong through most of the spectral range, and exhibit a response to magnetic fields which is easier to detect than other magnetic diagnostics, including the usual optical and near-infrared atomic spectral lines that have heretofore been employed. The FeH bands show a systematic growth as the star gets cooler. We do not find any contamination by CrH in the relevant spectral region. We are able to model cool and rapidly-rotating spectra from warmer, slowly-rotating spectra utilizing an interpolation scheme based on optical depth scaling. We show that the FeH features can distinguish between negligible, moderate, and high magnetic fluxes on low-mass dwarfs, with a current accuracy of about one kilogauss. Two different approaches to extracting the information from the spectra are developed and compared. Which one is superior depends on a number of factors. We demostrate the validity of our new procedures by comparing the spectra of three M stars whose magnetic fluxes are already known from atomic line analysis. The low and high field stars are used to produce interpolated moderate-strength spectra which closely resemble the moderate-field star. The assumption of linear behavior for the magnetic effects appears to be reasonable, but until the molecular constants are better understood the method is subject to that assumption, and rather approximate. Nonetheless, it opens a new regime of very low-mass objects to direct confirmation and testing of their magnetic dynamos.
description: 36 preprint pages, accepted for publication in ApJ
Oscillations of hypermassive compact stars with gravitational radiation and viscosity
Creators: name: Rau, Peter B.
name: Sedrakian, Armen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary neutron star mergers, such as the multimessenger GW170817 event, may produce hypermassive compact objects which are supported against collapse by the internal circulation of the fluid within the star. We compute their unstable modes of oscillations driven by gravitational wave radiation and shear viscosity, modeling them as triaxial Riemann ellipsoids. We work in a perturbative regime, where the gravitational radiation reaction force is taken into account at 2.5-post-Newtonian order and find unstable modes with dissipation timescales $\gtrsim 1$ ms which are relevant to the transient state of a hypermassive remnant of a merger. We show that the secular instabilities are dominated by gravitational wave radiation. If the shear viscosity is included, it can increase the growth times or even stabilize the unstable modes, but it must have values several orders of magnitude larger than predicted for cold neutron stars.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted by ApJ Letters
Strongly triggered collapse model confront observations
Creators: name: Hennebelle, P.
name: Belloche, A.
name: Andre, P.
name: Whiworth, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed modelling of individual protostellar condensations, is important to test the various theories. Here we present comparisons between strongly induced collapse models with one young class-0, IRAS4A in the Perseus cloud and one prestellar cloud observed in the Coalsack molecular cloud.
description: IAU 237, Triggering of star formation in turbulent molecular clouds, eds B. Elmegreen and J. Palous
Patient engagement in the design of an intervention to prevent muscle loss in individuals with knee osteoarthritis and a BMI ≥35
Creators: Godziuk, Kristine
Prado, Carla M.
Forhan, Mary
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2021

Objective Interventions for knee osteoarthritis (OA) in adults with a large body size [defined as a BMI≥35 kg/m2] often prioritize weight-loss, which may overshadow specific benefits for physical function, metabolic health, and body composition. As part of the development of a future clinical study, we gathered perspectives from individuals living with knee OA and a large body size to inform the proposed intervention design and delivery.

Methods Purposive and voluntary sampling was used to engage individuals ≥40 years of age with self-reported knee OA and a BMI≥35 kg/m2. An anonymous electronic survey was distributed on social media between April-June 2020. Open-ended questions addressed a proposed 12-week multimodal intervention (involving targeted nutrition, resistance exercises, and self-management support). An optional semi-structured interview was offered upon completion, with interviews recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis and interpretation guided by an acceptability framework was used to identify recommendations for the intervention design and delivery.

Results Twenty individuals living across Canada completed the survey (100% female; 18 aged <65 years and 2 ≥65 years). Ten individuals completed the interview. From aggregate survey and interview data, three recommendations were generated: 1) the effectiveness of the intervention for health improvement (specifically mobility and pain) must be emphasized to avoid perceived weight-loss expectations; 2) extend support beyond 12-weeks and consider terminology free from weight-bias to enhance acceptance; 3) include optional customization of intervention delivery to reduce acceptability-related burden.

Conclusion These female patient-derived recommendations may improve perceived intervention acceptability, and thereby may enhance participant enrollment and retention in clinical trials.
Investigating Quality of Institutional Repository Website Design Using Usability Testing Framework
Creators: name: Subiyakto, Aang
name: Rahmi, Yuliza
name: Kumaladewi, Nia
name: Huda, M. Qomarul
name: Hasanati, Nidaul
name: Haryanto, Tri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quality of website design is one of the influential factors of website success. How the design helps the users using effectively and efficiently website and satisfied at the end of the use. However, it is a common tendency that websites are designed based on the developer's perspectives and lack considering user importance. Thus, the degree of website usability tends to be low according to user perceptions. This study purposed to understand the user experiences using an institutional repository (IR) website in a public university in Indonesia. The research was performed based on usability testing framework as the usability testing method. About 12 participants were purposely involved concerning their key informant characteristics. Following three empirical data collection techniques (i.e., query technique, formal experiment, and thinking aloud), both descriptive analysis using usability scale matric and content analysis using qualitative data analysis (QDA) Miner Lite software were used in the data analysis stage. Lastly, several visual design recommendations were then proposed at the end of the study. In terms of a case study, besides the practical recommendations which may contextually useful for the next website development; the clarity of the research design may also help scholars how to combine more than one usability testing technique within a multi-technique study design.
description: 7 pages, The 2nd International Science and Mathematics Conference (SMIC 2020) : Transforming Research and Education of Science and Mathematics in the Digital Age
The role of government and the constitutional protection of equality and freedom of expression in the United States and Canada
Creators: name: Grayson, James Warren
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Canada and the United States are similar in many respects, and both protect individual rights at a constitutional level. However, the Supreme Court of Canada and the United States Supreme Court have developed alternative conceptions of the constitutional protection of freedom of expression and equality. This thesis describes these differences and attempts to explain the reasons for their development. Under the Fourteenth Amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court merely requires that governmental actors refrain from overt discrimination on the basis of an objectionable ground. Thus, the Court has created numerous doctrines to limit equality to this definition, including color-blindness, intentional discrimination, and multiple levels of review. Each of these concepts has contributed to the application of formal equality by restricting governmental attempts, such as affirmative action, to alleviate social inequality. In addition, the Court's application of content neutrality to freedom of expression cases has restricted attempts to promote equality through legislation restricting hate speech and pornography. By contrast, the Supreme Court of Canada has interpreted the protection of equality in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms to respond to the actual social consequences of legislation. Rather than limiting the Charter to intentional discrimination, the Court will consider governmental actions which have the effect of creating or encouraging inequality. Similarly, governmental restrictions on hate speech and pornography have been upheld by the Supreme Court of Canada as necessary for the protection of equality. For the Supreme Court of Canada, equality has a social reality. These differences suggest an alternative role of government in the rights sphere in Canada and the United States. The United States Supreme Court has developed a rights interpretation which excludes much significant governmental action, whether positive or negative. The Court has incorporated the Bill of Rights into the Fourteenth Amendment and, in doing so, has expanded individual rights at the expense of state power in the promotion of equality. The lack of such a development in Canada has resulted in a more substantial role for social legislation, while still protecting against governmental overreaching through the Charter.
Wohlstandsverteilung im ländlichen Latium: Untersuchungen zum Gebiet des Forma-Italiae-Kartenblatts Apiolae
Creators: name: Teichmann, Michael
Publisher: name: Layers. Archeologia Territorio Contesti
Year: 2021

description: Abstract Für einen Ausschnitt der Campagna Romana wird die Wohlstandsverteilung im ländlichen Raum unter Verwendung eines quantitativen Analyseansatzes untersucht. Mithilfe der Kerndichteschätzung werden Räume identifiziert, in denen Fundstellen mit Wohlstandsindikatoren aus spätrepublikanischer Zeit und römischer Kaiserzeit in größter Dichte beieinander lagen. Das Untersuchungsgebiet orientiert sich am Kartenblatt Apiolae der Forma-Italiae-Reihe (De Rossi 1970).
description: Layers. Archeologia Territorio Contesti, N. 6 (2021)
CeR Annual Report 2020.pdf
Creators: name: Roper, Jenny Lee
name: Gahegan, Mark
name: Wharton, Yvette
name: Armstrong, Laura
name: Feller, Martin
name: McLean, Cameron
name: Masoud-Ansari, Sina
name: Young, Nick
name: Gustafsson, Marcus
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Applied Computer Science
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: 80604 Database Management
subject: 80606 Global Information Systems
subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80306 Open Software
subject: 80308 Programming Languages
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: 80111 Virtual Reality and Related Simulation
subject: 80505 Web Technologies (excl. Web Search)

description: 2020 was, as we all know, a year of disruption. We instructed all staff to work from home a few days before the first lockdown was declared, so we were set up and ready to go with our own remote working from the outset. During those first few weeks of lockdown, hundreds of researchers found themselves unable to access their data, labs and computers. We moved into triage mode and began offering daily drop-in sessions and workshops to researchers (over zoom) to help with moving files, accessing remote computational resources and navigating the University's VPN client. We experienced very high demand during this time, and kept the daily drop-in sessions going for an entire month whilst the University's researchers adjusted to the new normal of working from home.
Forward-backward rapidity correlations in a two-step scenario
Creators: name: Brogueira, P.
name: de Deus, J. Dias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that two-step models, like String and Glasma models, with creation first of sources extended in rapidity that after locally decay into particles, lead to long range forward-backward correlations due to fluctuations in the number or the colour of the sources, and to a similar expression for the {\it F-B} correlation parameter $b$. In the simplest String percolation scenario, $b$ increases with centrality or the number of participating nucleons. However, asymptotically it decreases with energy. This is different from the Glasma model where $b$ increases with both, centrality and energy.
description: 7 pages, 3 eps figures
Investigation of the Néel phase of the frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet by differentiable symmetric tensor networks
Creators: name: Hasik, Juraj
name: Poilblanc, Didier
name: Becca, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent progress in the optimization of two-dimensional tensor networks [H.-J. Liao, J.-G. Liu, L. Wang, and T. Xiang, Phys. Rev. X ${\bf 9}$, 031041 (2019)] based on automatic differentiation opened the way towards precise and fast optimization of such states and, in particular, infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS) that constitute a generic-purpose ${\it Ansatz}$ for lattice problems governed by local Hamiltonians. In this work, we perform an extensive study of a paradigmatic model of frustrated magnetism, the $J_1-J_2$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the square lattice. By using advances in both optimization and subsequent data analysis, through finite correlation-length scaling, we report accurate estimations of the magnetization curve in the Néel phase for $J_2/J_1 \le 0.45$. The unrestricted iPEPS simulations reveal an $U(1)$ symmetric structure, which we identify and impose on tensors, resulting in a clean and consistent picture of antiferromagnetic order vanishing at the phase transition with a quantum paramagnet at $J_2/J_1 \approx 0.46(1)$. The present methodology can be extended beyond this model to study generic order-to-disorder transitions in magnetic systems.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, source code available at https://github.com/jurajHasik/peps-torch
Sighted humans show enhanced sensitivity for horizontal but not vertical audio localization
Creators: name: Cappagli, Giulia
name: Finocchietti, Sara
name: Gori, Monica
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Introduction
Experiments on humans and animals indicate that auditory localization develops through the association of sets of monaural and binaural cues and locations in space: this calibration process in guided by vision (Knudsen, 1989).The auditory system lacks a straightforward correspondence between external spatial locations and sensory receptive fields (Ahveninen et al., 2014), so the development of auditory localization is more complex than visual localization.

Aim
The main aim is to assess if the development of audio spatial localization in sighted humans:Differs for horizontal and vertical dimensionsDepends on:

a)Type of sound: static or motion
b)Type of task: verbal or motor
Results and DiscussionWe tested audio spatial localization for horizontal and vertical dimensions in sighted humans taking into consideration both the type of sound (static or motion) and the type of response requested by the task (verbal or motor).
 In audio spatial localization, sighted humans show enhanced sensitivity for the horizontal dimension, irrespective of the type of sound and the type of task. The static sound condition tend to be easier than the sound motion condition and motor responses more accurate than verbal responses. Developmental improvement between 10-15 years of age.
 Future direction: since vision has a predominant role in the maturation of space cognition in the brain, we aim to assess the development of audio spatial localization for horizontal and vertical dimensions in blind humans.
Large Magnetoresistance in a Manganite Spin-Tunnel-Junction Using LaMnO3 as Insulating Barrier
Creators: name: Yunoki, S.
name: Dagotto, E.
name: Costamagna, S.
name: Riera, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spin-tunnel-junction based on manganites, with La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$MnO$_3$ (LSMO) as ferromagnetic metallic electrodes and the undoped parent compound LaMnO$_3$ (LMO) as insulating barrier, is here theoretically discussed using double exchange model Hamiltonians and numerical techniques. For an even number of LMO layers, the ground state is shown to have anti-parallel LSMO magnetic moments. This highly resistive, but fragile, state is easily destabilized by small magnetic fields, which orient the LSMO moments in the direction of the field. The magnetoresistance associated with this transition is very large, according to Monte Carlo and Density Matrix Renormalization Group studies. The influence of temperature, the case of an odd number of LMO layers, and the differences between LMO and SrTiO$_3$ as barriers are also addressed. General trends are discussed.
description: 14 pages, 18 figures
Nematoda Cobb 1932
Creators: name: Pérez-García, José Andrés
name: Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei
name: Armenteros, Maickel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Adenophorea

description: PHYLUM NEMATODA Cobb, 1932  CLASS ENOPLEA Inglis, 1983
description: Published as part of Pérez-García, José Andrés, Ruiz-Abierno, Alexei & Armenteros, Maickel, 2020, A checklist of aquatic nematodes from Cuban Archipelago, pp. 301-320 in Zootaxa 4731 (3) on page 303, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4731.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3653534
Simulating gas kinematic studies of high-redshift galaxies with the HARMONI Integral Field Spectrograph
Creators: name: Richardson, Mark L. A.
name: Routledge, Laurence
name: Thatte, Niranjan
name: Tecza, Matthias.
name: Houghton, Ryan C. W.
name: Pereira-Santaella, Miguel
name: Rigopoulou, Dimitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present simulated observations of gas kinematics in galaxies formed in 10 pc resolution cosmological simulations with the hydrodynamical + N-body code RAMSES, using the new RAMSES2HSIM pipeline with the simulated observing pipeline (HSIM) for the ELT HARMONI IFU spectrograph. We post-process the galaxy's gas kinematics and Hα line emission for each simulation cell, and integrate the emission to produce an extinction-corrected input cube. We then simulate observations of the input cube with HARMONI, for a range of exposure times, spatial sampling, and spectral resolution. We analyze the mock observations to recover galaxy properties such as its kinematics and compare with the known simulation values. We investigate the cause of biases between the 'real' and 'observed' kinematic values, demonstrating the sensitivity of the inferred rotation curve to knowledge of the instrument's point spread function.
description: 29 pages aastex format, 9 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
First measurements of the ^16O(e,e'pn)^14N reaction
Creators: name: Middleton, D. G.
name: Annand, J. R. M.
name: Barbieri, C.
name: Barneo, P.
name: Bartsch, P.
name: Bauman, D.
name: Bermuth, J.
name: Bosnar, D.
name: Blok, H. P.
name: Bohm, R.
name: Ding, M.
name: Distler, M. O.
name: Elsner, D.
name: Friedrich, J.
name: Giusti, C.
name: Glazier, D. I.
name: Grabmayr, P.
name: Grozinger, S.
name: Hehl, T.
name: Heim, J.
name: Hesselink, W. H. A
name: Jans, E.
name: Klein, F.
name: Kohl, M.
name: Lapikas, L.
name: MacGregor, I. J. D.
name: Martin, I.
name: McGeorge, J. C.
name: Merkel, H.
name: Merle, P.
name: Moschini, F.
name: Muller, U.
name: Pospischil, Th.
name: Rosner, G.
name: Schmieden, H.
name: Seimetz, M.
name: Sule, A.
name: de Vries, H.
name: Walcher, Th.
name: Watts, D. P.
name: Weis, M.
name: Zihlmann, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports on the first measurement of the ^16O(e,e'pn)^14N reaction. Data were measured in kinematics centred on a super-parallel geometry at energy and momentum transfers of 215 MeV and 316 MeV/c. The experimental resolution was sufficient to distinguish groups of states in the residual nucleus but not good enough to separate individual states. The data show a strong dependence on missing momentum and this dependence appears to be different for two groups of states in the residual nucleus. Theoretical calculations of the reaction using the Pavia code do not reproduce the shape or the magnitude of the data.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in EPJA
The Color of Habitability
Creators: name: Madden, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From life on other planets to virtual classrooms this thesis spans a wide array of research topics all based on how we see other worlds. Our understanding of everything from moon phases, the planets in our Solar System, and exoplanet atmospheres come from our interpretation of light and one day, our knowledge of light will be used as evidence for the discovery of life on another planet. In the time before we scattered rovers, landers, and brave souls across the Solar System we only knew of the planets and moons from the light they reflected from the Sun back to us. We are in much the same situation with exoplanets today. Our telescopes can gather the light from distant worlds but they are too far out of reach to confirm our observations with in-situ measurements. Soon we will be able to gather light from even smaller exoplanets and eventually Earth-sized exoplanets orbiting in their star's habitable zone. As a reference guide to these upcoming observations what better place to compare to than our own Solar System. What we've done is take measurements of planets in our own Solar System and treat them as exoplanets to determine how different surface types can be differentiated. The result is a database of the spectra, geometric albedos, and color of 19 Solar System objects for use as an exoplanetary field guide. A step beyond the field guide is a way to explore worlds only physics and our imaginations are limited by. By using computer models, we can create thousands of planets to determine the physical and chemical stability of any environment. One parameter domain of interest is the role of surface color on a planet's habitability. Different materials have unique thermal properties that either cool or heat a surface depending on their color and the light that hits them. Dark oceans absorb light well and heat up while white sand is highly reflective and keeps cool...
description: Cornell University Ph.D. Thesis - 179(161) pages, 32 figures, 8 tables, 8 color plates, 259 references
Thick GEM-like (THGEM) detectors and their possible applications
Creators: name: Chechik, R.
name: Cortesi, M.
name: Breskin, A.
name: Vartsky, D.
name: Bar, D.
name: Dangendorf, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thick GEM-like (THGEM) electrodes are robust, high gain gaseous electron multipliers, economically-manufactured by standard drilling and etching of thin printed circuit board or other materials. Their operation and structure are similar to that of standard GEMs but with 5 to 20-fold expanded dimensions. Due to the larger hole dimensions they provide up to 10^5 and 10^7 charge multiplication, in a single- and in two-electrode cascade, respectively. The signal rise time is of a few ns and the counting-rate capability approaches 10 MHz/mm^2 at 10^4 gains. Sub-mm localization precision was demonstrated with a simple, delay-line based 2D readout scheme. These multipliers may be produced in a variety of shapes and sizes and can operate in many gases. They may replace the standard GEMs in many applications requiring very large area, robust, flat, thin detectors, with good timing and counting-rate properties and modest localization. The properties of these multipliers are presented in short and possible applications are discussed.
description: 3 pages, 6 figures, SNIC Symposium, Stanford, California, 3-6 April 2006
Quantifying the effect of oxygen on micro-mechanical properties of a near-alpha titanium alloy
Creators: name: Gardner, H. M.
name: Gopon, P.
name: Magazzeni, C. M.
name: Radecka, A.
name: Fox, K.
name: Rugg, D.
name: Wade, J.
name: Armstrong, D. E. J.
name: Moody, M. P.
name: Bagot, P. A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atom probe tomography (APT), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and nanoindentation were used to characterise the oxygen-rich layer on an in-service jet engine compressor disc, manufactured from the titanium alloy TIMETAL 834. Oxygen ingress was quantified and related to changes in mechanical properties through nanoindentation studies. The relationship between oxygen concentration, microstructure, crystal orientation and hardness has been explored through correlative hardness mapping, EPMA and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The role of microstructure on oxygen ingress has been studied and oxygen ingress along a potential alpha/ beta interface was directly observed on the nanoscale using APT.
RFQAmodel: Random Forest Quality Assessment to identify a predicted protein structure in the correct fold
Creators: name: West, Clare E.
name: Oliveira, Saulo H. P. De
name: Deane, Charlotte M.
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Template-free protein structure prediction protocols typically generate many models for each target. Reliably choosing the best model and determining whether this model is likely to be correct is a fundamental problem. We have developed the Random Forest Quality Assessment (RFQAmodel), which combines existing quality assessment scores and two predicted contact map alignment scores, and outputs for each model an estimated probability that it is in the correct fold (TM-score>=0.5). Using RFQAmodel, we classify target proteins into distinct confidence categories, with those in the high-confidence category being most enriched with modelling successes. The classifier was trained and validated on two diverse sets of 244 protein domains. On the validation set, the highest-scoring model was in the high-confidence category for 67 modelling targets, of which 52 had the correct fold. Furthermore, RFQAmodel predicted that for 59 targets all models had a TM-score of less than 0.5, which was correct in 54 cases. Similar performance was achieved for CASP12/13 free-modelling targets. Finally, by iteratively generating models and running RFQAmodel until a model is produced that is predicted to be correct with high confidence, we demonstrate how our protocol can be used to focus computational efforts on difficult modelling targets.
Reflections on the Canadian payments systems: from manual clearing to electronic funds transfers
Creators: name: Kirby, Alison L
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Canadian payments system encompasses not only those traditional systems which facilitate the processing of paper payment instructions through the Automated Clearing and Settlement System (ACSS) and or the Bank of Canada but those electronic funds transfer (EFT) systems which are capable of processing payment instructions in purely electronic form. Access to the payments system is a key element in the retail and financial services sectors' bid to remain competitive on both national and global scales. Moreover, a complete system of electronic payments will eventually reduce the need for credit cards and, to the extent that it increases the use of deposits for payment purposes, it will reduce the need for currency and cheques as well. In other words, a truly national electronic funds transfer system will act not only as a "payments system" or financial communications system that will carry payment instructions but a "payment mechanism" which will replace payment for goods and services by cash or cheques. This paper provides an overview of the national payments systems and identifies some of the problems which have arisen as a result of the changes to the largely paper based systems brought about by the electronic banking age. It identifies the technological advances made in the payments area, the traditional right or obligation arising as a result of the bank-customer relationship, if any, which has been effected by the technological advance, it briefly examines how the technological advance impacts on this right or obligation; and it raises questions about whether the traditional right or obligation needs to be protected, modified or eliminated and, if so, in what matter. In the end, it is hoped that this paper will serve as a wake up call to consumers and academics about the importance of and the need for greater access to information about the national payments system.
Cell toxicity and effects on the activation of cardioprotective pathways in human mesenchymal stromal cells from exposure to different antifungal agents of the echinocandin class
Creators: name: Neef, Klaus
name: Langebartels, Georg
name: Choi, Yeong
name: Wahlers, Thorsten
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Echinocandin class antifungal agents have high clinical significance for cardiovascular patients. The approved echinocandins anidulafungin (AF), caspofungin (CF) and micafungin (MF) fall into two structural groups of catechol (MF) and non-catechol (AF and CF) echinocandins, with similar modes of pharmacological action. However, recently there have been reports on echinocandin specific cell damage. Aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of echinocandins on apoptotic pathways on a cellular level using human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). Furthermore, changes in expression of genes with implications for cardioprotective effects were analyzed quantitatively after exposure to clinically relevant concentration of echinocandine antifungal agents.
The CLoud Infrastructure for Microbial Bioinformatics (CLIMB)
Creators: name: Connor, Thomas
name: Loman, Nick
name: Thompson, Simon
name: Ismail, Matt
name: Sheppard, Sam
name: Pallen, Mark
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Genome sequencing has made it possible to examine fundamental biological questions over a huge range of scales; from bacteria to man. Since the first bacterial genome was published 20 years ago, there has been an explosion in the production of sequence data, fuelled by next-generation sequencing, placing biology at the forefront of data-driven science. As a consequence, there is now huge demand for the physical infrastructure to produce, analyse and share software and datasets. This need is compounded by the continuing lack of trained bioinformaticians to analyse the data. In 2014 the Medical Research Council made a ~£50m investment in “big data” to support the development of new research infrastructures. The £8.5m CLoud Infrastructure for Microbial Bioinformatics (CLIMB) was the only award to a microbial consortium and is one the largest investments in microbial genomics bioinformatics ever made. CLIMB will provide bioinformatics infrastructure as a service to the academic UK medical microbial community. CLIMB is spread across four sites (Birmingham, Cardiff, Swansea and Warwick) and we provide a single sign-on, distributed computing and storage infrastructure. The total investment in hardware is £3.6m, which provides 7680 virtual CPUs, 500 terabytes of local high performance storage per site and 7000 terabytes (7PB) of replicated object storage. This facility is sufficient to provide over a thousand simultaneously running virtual machines to users. The service is implemented using the open-source OpenStack framework. Users will be able to login using their eduroam account and start up virtual machines instantly with access to large microbial genome datasets. We will present case studies of using CLIMB to integrate large microbial datasets from diverse sources and provide live demos of the service. CLIMB is currently in a beta testing state and we are looking for early access participants to help us develop the service. In parallel with the development of the system itself we are running an active programme of bioinformatics training workshops hosted in newly commissioned space at Warwick, Swansea and Birmingham
The 2005 outburst of the halo black hole X-ray transient XTE J1118+480
Creators: name: Zurita, C.
name: Torres, M. A. P.
name: Steeghs, D.
name: Rodriguez-Gil, P.
name: Munoz-Darias, T.
name: Casares, J.
name: Shahbaz, T.
name: Martinez-Pais, I. G.
name: Zhao, P.
name: Garcia, M. R.
name: Piccioni, A.
name: Bartolini, C.
name: Guarnieri, A.
name: Bloom, J. S.
name: Blake, C. H.
name: Falco, E. E.
name: Szentgyorgyi, A.
name: Skrutskie, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical and infrared monitoring of the 2005 outburst of the halo black hole X-ray transient XTE J1118+480. We measured a total outburst amplitude of ~5.7+-0.1 mag in the R band and ~5 mag in the infrared J, H and K_s bands. The hardness ratio HR2 (5-12 keV/3-5 keV) from the RXTE/ASM data is 1.53+-0.02 at the peak of the outburst indicating a hard spectrum. Both the shape of the light curve and the ratio L_X (1-10 keV)/L_opt resemble the mini-outbursts observed in GRO J0422+32 and XTE J1859+226. During early decline, we find a 0.02-mag amplitude variation consistent with a superhump modulation, like the one observed during the 2000 outburst. Similarly, XTE J1118+480 displayed a double-humped ellipsoidal modulation distorted by a superhump wave when settled into a near-quiescence level, suggesting that the disk expanded to the 3:1 resonance radius after outburst where it remained until early quiescence. The system reached quiescence at R=19.02+-0.03 about three months after the onset of the outburst. The optical rise preceded the X-ray rise by at most 4 days. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at the different epochs during outburst are all quasi-power laws with F_nu proportional to nu^alpha increasing toward the blue. At the peak of the outburst we derived alpha=0.49+-0.04 for the optical data alone and alpha=0.1+-0.1 when fitting solely the infrared. This difference between the optical and the infrared SEDs suggests that the infrared is dominated by a different component (a jet?) whereas the optical is presumably showing the disk evolution.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Distributed Stochastic Consensus Optimization with Momentum for Nonconvex Nonsmooth Problems
Creators: name: Wang, Zhiguo
name: Zhang, Jiawei
name: Chang, Tsung-Hui
name: Li, Jian
name: Luo, Zhi-Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While many distributed optimization algorithms have been proposed for solving smooth or convex problems over the networks, few of them can handle non-convex and non-smooth problems. Based on a proximal primal-dual approach, this paper presents a new (stochastic) distributed algorithm with Nesterov momentum for accelerated optimization of non-convex and non-smooth problems. Theoretically, we show that the proposed algorithm can achieve an $ε$-stationary solution under a constant step size with $\mathcal{O}(1/ε^2)$ computation complexity and $\mathcal{O}(1/ε)$ communication complexity. When compared to the existing gradient tracking based methods, the proposed algorithm has the same order of computation complexity but lower order of communication complexity. To the best of our knowledge, the presented result is the first stochastic algorithm with the $\mathcal{O}(1/ε)$ communication complexity for non-convex and non-smooth problems. Numerical experiments for a distributed non-convex regression problem and a deep neural network based classification problem are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
EPCY: Evaluation of Predictive CapabilitY for ranking biomarker gene candidates
Creators: name: Audemard, Eric
name: Sauvé, Léonard
name: Lemieux, Sébastien
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Finding biomarker gene candidates constitutes the entry point for the identification of links between gene expression levels and features of interest in RNA-sequencing patient data. Features can be defined as cancer subtypes, presence of prognostic mutations or genome rearrangements. Expression biomarkers are commonly identified using Differentially Expressed Gene (DEG) analysis to compare a test group (presenting the feature of interest) to a control group. At this point, it becomes standard to use significant DEGs as input to integrative analyses, based on a priori knowledge, to find a subset of DEG linked with sample features. We posit that current issues with biomarker identification derive from a misalignment of the DEG procedure with the objective pursued by biomarker identification, namely sample classification based on some criterion. We propose a more direct approach that evaluates gene expressions based strictly on their individual predictive capability to accurately classify samples. We then show that the resulting ranking returns a more informative set of biomarker gene candidate compared to other approaches. Finally, using two patient cohorts and 4 features, we show that the resulting ranking returns a more informative set of biomarkers when compared to other approaches, compare to DEG selected by DESeq, Edger or Limma.
Accelerated gap collapse in a Slater antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Picano, Antonio
name: Eckstein, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the melting of long-range antiferromagnetic order in the Hubbard model after an interaction quench, using non-equilibrium dynamical mean-field theory. From previous studies, the system is known to quickly relax into a prethermal symmetry-broken state. Using a convergent truncation of the memory integrals in the Kadanoff Baym equations, we unravel the subsequent relaxation dynamics of this state over several orders of magnitude in time. At long times, the prethermal state can be characterized by a single slow variable which is related to the conduction band population. The dynamics of this variable does not follow the paradigmatic steady relaxation of pre-thermal states: It is highly nonlinear, with a pronounced speedup once the gap falls below a certain value. This behavior indicates that non-thermal order can be self-stabilized on some timescale. It is not reproduced using simple Fermi's golden rule estimate for the evolution of the conduction band population.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Lifting of Ir{100} reconstruction by CO adsorption: An ab initio study
Creators: name: Ghosh, Prasenjit
name: Narasimhan, Shobhana
name: Jenkins, Stephen J.
name: King, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The adsorption of CO on unreconstructed and reconstructed Ir{100} has been studied, using a combination of density functional theory and thermodynamics, to determine the relative stability of the two phases as a function of CO coverage, temperature and pressure. We obtain good agreement with experimentaldata. At zero temperature, the (1X5) reconstruction becomes less stable than the unreconstructed (1X1) surface when the CO coverage exceeds a critical value of 0.09 ML. The interaction between CO molecules is found to be repulsive on the reconstructed surface, but attractive on the unreconstructed, explaining the experimental observation of high CO coverage on growing (1X1) islands. At all temperatures and pressures, we find only two possible stable states: 0.05 ML CO c(2X2) overlayer on the (1X1) substrate, and the clean (1$\times$5) reconstructed surface.
description: 31 pages
Measurement of a compact Boomarang-shaped microstrip antenna for wireless sensor network applications
Creators: name: M.Nazmus, Shakib
name: Moghavvemi, M
name: Rahman, M.A.
name: R.M, Ramli
name: H.S., Lim
name: M.R, Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 400802
subject: Electrical circuits and systems
classificationCode: 400801
subject: Circuits and systems
classificationCode: 400807
subject: Engineering electromagnetics

description: The miniaturization of electronic devices has facilitated increasing interest in new applications of wireless communication. In this paper, a new miniature microstrip fed boomerang-shaped patch antenna has been proposed and designed for a wireless sensor network (WSN) application. In this design, the proposed antenna possesses a wide bandwidth by loading of a boomerang-shaped patch; with a 50 Ω microstrip feed line and a partial ground plane. A one-step staircase slot is embedded in the ground plane to enhance the impedance matching over a wide frequency range. The antenna occupies a small size of 10 × 12 mm2, or 1.2 cm2. The simulated results are verified with measured results. The measured result shows that the achievable bandwidth of 69% (8.48–17.45 GHz). The antenna possesses stable radiation patterns and acceptable gain. The proposed low profile antenna is suitable to integrate with sensors for wireless sensor network in X-band and Ku band applications.