cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tight-Binding Bandstructure of $β-$ and $α-$ phase Ga$_2$O$_3$ and Al$_2$O$_3$
Creators: name: Yifan
name: Zhang
name: Mengren
name: Liu
name: Khalsa, Guru
name: Jena, Debdeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid design and development of the emergent ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors Ga$_2$O$_3$ and Al$_2$O$_3$ requires a compact model of their electronic structures, accurate over the broad energy range accessed in future high-field, high-frequency, and high-temperature electronics and visible and ultraviolet photonics. A minimal tight-binding model is developed to reproduce the first-principles electronic structures of the $β-$ and $α-$ phases of Ga$_2$O$_3$ and Al$_2$O$_3$ throughout their reciprocal spaces. Accurately reproducing the bandgap, orbital character, and effective mass and high-energy features of the conduction band, this compact model will assist in the investigation and design of the electrical and optical properties of bulk materials, devices, and quantum confined heterostructures.
Entangling remote qubits using the single-photon protocol: an in-depth theoretical and experimental study
Creators: name: Hermans, S. L. N.
name: Pompili, M.
name: Martins, L. Dos Santos
name: Montblanch, A. R. -P.
name: Beukers, H. K. C.
name: Baier, S.
name: Borregaard, J.
name: Hanson, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of entanglement between remote matter qubits has developed into a key capability for fundamental investigations as well as for emerging quantum technologies. In the single-photon, protocol entanglement is heralded by generation of qubit-photon entangled states and subsequent detection of a single photon behind a beam splitter. In this work we perform a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of this protocol and its various sources of infidelity. We develop an extensive theoretical model and subsequently tailor it to our experimental setting, based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Experimentally, we verify the model by generating remote states for varying phase and amplitudes of the initial qubit superposition states and varying optical phase difference of the photons arriving at the beam splitter. We show that a static frequency offset between the optical transitions of the qubits leads to an entangled state phase that depends on the photon detection time. We find that the implementation of a Charge-Resonance check on the nitrogen-vacancy center yields transform-limited linewidths. Moreover, we measure the probability of double optical excitation, a significant source of infidelity, as a function of the power of the excitation pulse. Finally, we find that imperfect optical excitation can lead to a detection-arm-dependent entangled state fidelity and rate. The conclusion presented here are not specific to the nitrogen-vacancy centers used to carry out the experiments, and are therefore readily applicable to other qubit platforms.
A planar algebraic description of conditional expectations
Creators: name: Giorgetti, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L10, 46L37, 18D05, 18D10

description: Let $\mathcal{N}\subset\mathcal{M}$ be a unital inclusion of arbitrary von Neumann algebras. We give a 2-{$C^*$}-categorical/planar algebraic description of normal faithful conditional expectations $E:\mathcal{M}\to\mathcal{N}\subset\mathcal{M}$ with finite index and their duals $E':\mathcal{N}'\to\mathcal{M}'\subset\mathcal{N}'$ by means of the solutions of the conjugate equations for the inclusion morphism $ι:\mathcal{N}\to\mathcal{M}$ and its conjugate morphism $\overlineι:\mathcal{M}\to\mathcal{N}$. In particular, the theory of index for conditional expectations admits a 2-{$C^*$}-categorical formulation in full generality. Moreover, we show that a pair $(\mathcal{N}\subset\mathcal{M}, E)$ as above can be described by a Q-system, and vice versa. These results are due to Longo in the subfactor/simple tensor unit case [Lon90, Thm.\ 5.2], [Lon94, Thm.\ 5.1].
description: 20 pages
Rain Removal from Light Field Images with 4D Convolution and Multi-scale Gaussian Process
Creators: name: Yan, Tao
name: Li, Mingyue
name: Li, Bin
name: Yang, Yang
name: Lau, Rynson W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Existing deraining methods focus mainly on a single input image. However, with just a single input image, it is extremely difficult to accurately detect and remove rain streaks, in order to restore a rain-free image. In contrast, a light field image (LFI) embeds abundant 3D structure and texture information of the target scene by recording the direction and position of each incident ray via a plenoptic camera. LFIs are becoming popular in the computer vision and graphics communities. However, making full use of the abundant information available from LFIs, such as 2D array of sub-views and the disparity map of each sub-view, for effective rain removal is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a novel method, 4D-MGP-SRRNet, for rain streak removal from LFIs. Our method takes as input all sub-views of a rainy LFI. To make full use of the LFI, it adopts 4D convolutional layers to simultaneously process all sub-views of the LFI. In the pipeline, the rain detection network, MGPDNet, with a novel Multi-scale Self-guided Gaussian Process (MSGP) module is proposed to detect high-resolution rain streaks from all sub-views of the input LFI at multi-scales. Semi-supervised learning is introduced for MSGP to accurately detect rain streaks by training on both virtual-world rainy LFIs and real-world rainy LFIs at multi-scales via computing pseudo ground truths for real-world rain streaks. We then feed all sub-views subtracting the predicted rain streaks into a 4D convolution-based Depth Estimation Residual Network (DERNet) to estimate the depth maps, which are later converted into fog maps. Finally, all sub-views concatenated with the corresponding rain streaks and fog maps are fed into a powerful rainy LFI restoring model based on the adversarial recurrent neural network to progressively eliminate rain streaks and recover the rain-free LFI.
description: This paper has been published on IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Character Vectors of Strongly Regular Vertex Operator Algebras
Creators: name: Franc, Cameron
name: Mason, Geoffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We summarize interactions between vertex operator algebras and number theory through the lens of Zhu theory. The paper begins by recalling basic facts on vertex operator algebras (VOAs) and modular forms, and then explains Zhu's theorem on characters of VOAs in a slightly new form. We then axiomatize the desirable properties of modular forms that have played a role in Zhu's theorem and related classification results of VOAs. After this we summarize known classification results in rank two, emphasizing the geometric theory of vector-valued modular forms as a means for simplifying the discussion. We conclude by summarizing some known examples, and by providing some new examples, in higher ranks. In particular, the paper contains a number of potential character vectors that could plausibly correspond to a VOA, but such that the existence of a corresponding hypothetical VOA is presently unknown.
Handlungsempfehlungen für die Beziehungsgestaltung und den Umgang mit Emotionen in der Logopädie. Entwicklung und Evaluation von fünf Handlungsempfehlungen für die logopädische Therapie mit Kindern, ausgehend von der Emotionsfokussierten Therapie, der Gewaltfreien Kommunikation und dem Improvisationstheater
Creators: name: Igel, Corinne
name: Löwensberg, Manuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Logopädie
Bachelorarbeit
Therapie
Emotionsfokussierte Therapie
Gewaltfreie Kommunikation

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Umgang mit Emotionen und der Beziehungsgestaltung in der logopädischen Therapie mit Kindern. Ausgehend von der Frage, inwieweit sich die Grundlagen der Emotionsfokussierten Therapie (EFT) und der Gewaltfreien Kommunikation (GFK) sowie die Techniken des Improvisationstheaters auf die logopädische Therapie übertragen lassen, wurden fünf Handlungsempfehlungen ausgearbeitet mit dem Zweck, Hilfestellungen für einen bewussteren Umgang mit Emotionen und der Beziehungsgestaltung zwischen Therapeutin und Kind zu geben. Die entwickelten Handlungsempfehlungen wurden von sechs Logopädinnen ausprobiert und deren Erfahrungen anhand einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Handlungsempfehlungen wurden mehrheitlich als brauchbar befunden und die ihnen zugrunde liegenden Thematiken für die logopädische Arbeit als insgesamt relevant eingeschätzt.
Photoluminescence enhancement in quaternary III-nitrides alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy with increasing Al content
Creators: name: Fernández-Garrido, S.
name: Pereiro, J.
name: González-Posada, F.
name: Muñoz, E.
name: Calleja, E.
name: Redondo-Cubero, A.
name: Gago, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Room temperature photoluminescence and optical absorption spectra have been measured in wurtzite In$_{x}$Al$_{y}$Ga$_{1-x-y}$N (x $\approx$ 0.06, 0.02 < y < 0.27) layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Photoluminescence spectra show both an enhancement of the integrated intensity and an increasing Stokes shift with the Al content. Both effects arise from an Al-enhanced exciton localization revealed by the S- and W-shaped temperature dependences of the photoluminescence emission energy and bandwidth respectively. Present results point to these materials as a promising choice for the active region in efficient light emitters. An In-related bowing parameter of 1.6 eV was derived from optical absorption data.
Linear and Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction from Fluid Mechanics to Machine Learning
Creators: name: Mendez, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dimensionality reduction is the essence of many data processing problems, including filtering, data compression, reduced-order modeling and pattern analysis. While traditionally tackled using linear tools in the fluid dynamics community, nonlinear tools from machine learning are becoming increasingly popular. This article, halfway between a review and a tutorial, introduces a general framework for linear and nonlinear dimensionality reduction techniques. Differences and links between autoencoders and manifold learning methods are highlighted, and popular nonlinear techniques such as kernel Principal Component Analysis (kPCA), isometric feature learning (ISOMAPs) and Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) are placed in this framework. These algorithms are benchmarked in three classic problems: 1) filtering, 2) identification of oscillatory patterns, and 3) data compression. Their performances are compared against the traditional Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to provide a perspective on their diffusion in fluid dynamics.
description: submitted to Measurement Science and Technology
High-temperature growth of GaN nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy: toward the materials quality of bulk GaN
Creators: name: Zettler, J. K.
name: Hauswald, C.
name: Corfdir, P.
name: Musolino, M.
name: Geelhaar, L.
name: Riechert, H.
name: Brandt, O.
name: Fernández-Garrido, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In molecular beam epitaxy, the spontaneous formation of GaN nanowires on Si(111) substrates at elevated temperatures is limited by the long incubation time that precedes nanowire nucleation. In this work, we present three unconventional growth approaches to minimize the incubation time and thus facilitate significantly higher growth temperatures (up to 875$^{\circ}$C). We achieve this by: (i) using III/V flux ratios larger than one to compensate for Ga desorption, (ii) introducing a two-step growth procedure, and (iii) using an AlN buffer layer to favor GaN nucleation. The GaN nanowire ensembles grown at so far unexplored substrate temperatures exhibit excitonic transitions with sub-meV linewidths and the low-temperature photoluminescence spectra are comparable to those of state-of-the-art free-standing GaN layers grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy.
Seismic fragility analysis using stochastic polynomial chaos expansions
Creators: name: Zhu, X.
name: Broccardo, M.
name: Sudret, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Within the performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework, the fragility model plays a pivotal role. Such a model represents the probability that the engineering demand parameter (EDP) exceeds a certain safety threshold given a set of selected intensity measures (IMs) that characterize the earthquake load. The-state-of-the art methods for fragility computation rely on full non-linear time-history analyses. Within this perimeter, there are two main approaches: the first relies on the selection and scaling of recorded ground motions; the second, based on random vibration theory, characterizes the seismic input with a parametric stochastic ground motion model (SGMM). The latter case has the great advantage that the problem of seismic risk analysis is framed as a forward uncertainty quantification problem. However, running classical full-scale Monte Carlo simulations is intractable because of the prohibitive computational cost of typical finite element models. Therefore, it is of great interest to define fragility models that link an EDP of interest with the SGMM parameters -- which are regarded as IMs in this context. The computation of such fragility models is a challenge on its own and, despite few recent studies, there is still an important research gap in this domain. This study tackles this computational challenge by using stochastic polynomial chaos expansions to represent the statistical dependence of EDP on IMs. More precisely, this surrogate model estimates the full conditional probability distribution of EDP conditioned on IMs. We compare the proposed approach with some state-of-the-art methods in two case studies. The numerical results show that the new method prevails its competitors in estimating both the conditional distribution and the fragility functions.
Evolutionary Dynamics of Social Inequality and Coincidence of Gini and Kolkata indices under Unrestricted Competition
Creators: name: Banerjee, Suchismita
name: Biswas, Soumyajyoti
name: Chakrabarti, Bikas K.
name: Challagundla, Sai Krishna
name: Ghosh, Asim
name: Guntaka, Suhaas Reddy
name: Koganti, Hanesh
name: Kondapalli, Anvesh Reddy
name: Maiti, Raju
name: Mitra, Manipushpak
name: Ram, Dachepalli R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Social inequalities are ubiquitous and here we show that the values of the Gini ($g$) and Kolkata ($k$) indices, two generic inequality indices, approach each other (starting from $g = 0$ and $k = 0.5$ for equality) as the competitions grow in various social institutions like markets, universities, elections, etc. It is further showed that these two indices become equal and stabilize at a value (at $g = k \simeq 0.87$) under unrestricted competitions. We propose to view this coincidence of inequality indices as a generalized version of the (more than a) century old 80-20 law of Pareto. Furthermore, the coincidence of the inequality indices noted here is very similar to the ones seen before for self-organized critical (SOC) systems. The observations here, therefore, stand as a quantitative support towards viewing interacting socio-economic systems in the framework of SOC, an idea conjectured for years.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures; International Journal of Modern Physics C (in press)
Effective tissue repair requires coordinated intercellular communication to sense damage, remodel the tissue, and restore function. Here, we dissect the healing response in the intestinal mucosa by mapping intercellular communication at single-cell resolution and integrating with spatial transcriptomics. We demonstrate that a Crohn's disease risk variant, HGFAC Arg509His (R509H), disrupts a damage-sensing pathway connecting the coagulation cascade to growth factors that drives the differentiation of wound-associated epithelial (WAE) cells and production of a localized retinoic acid gradient to promote fibroblast-mediated tissue remodeling. Specifically, we show that HGFAC R509H is effectively activated by thrombin protease activity but exhibits impaired proteolytic activation of the growth factor MSP. In Hgfac R509H mice, reduced MSP production in response to wounding in the colon results in impaired WAE cell induction and delayed healing. Through integration of single cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics, we demonstrate that WAE cells generate retinoic acid in a spatially restricted region of the wound site and that mucosal fibroblasts respond to this signal by producing extracellular matrix and growth factors. We further employ a reductionist approach to dissect this WAE cell-fibroblast signaling circuit in vitro using a genetically tractable organoid coculture model. Collectively, these studies exploit a genetic perturbation associated with human disease to disrupt a fundamental biological process and then reconstruct a spatially resolved mechanistic model of tissue healing
Creators: name: Nakata, Toru
name: Chenhao Li
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Code associated with paper titled "Genetic vulnerability to healing reveals a spatially resolved epithelial restitution program".
Counterfactual Supervision-based Information Bottleneck for Out-of-Distribution Generalization
Creators: name: Deng, Bin
name: Jia, Kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning invariant (causal) features for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization has attracted extensive attention recently, and among the proposals invariant risk minimization (IRM) is a notable solution. In spite of its theoretical promise for linear regression, the challenges of using IRM in linear classification problems remain. By introducing the information bottleneck (IB) principle into the learning of IRM, IB-IRM approach has demonstrated its power to solve these challenges. In this paper, we further improve IB-IRM from two aspects. First, we show that the key assumption of support overlap of invariant features used in IB-IRM is strong for the guarantee of OOD generalization and it is still possible to achieve the optimal solution without this assumption. Second, we illustrate two failure modes that IB-IRM (and IRM) could fail for learning the invariant features, and to address such failures, we propose a \textit{Counterfactual Supervision-based Information Bottleneck (CSIB)} learning algorithm that provably recovers the invariant features. By requiring counterfactual inference, CSIB works even when accessing data from a single environment. Empirical experiments on several datasets verify our theoretical results.
description: Theoretical Understanding of OOD Generalization
Quark model with chiral-symmetry breaking and confinement in the Covariant Spectator Theory
Creators: name: Biernat, Elmar P.
name: Peña, M. T.
name: Ribeiro, J. E.
name: Stadler, A.
name: Gross, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model for the quark-antiquark interaction in Minkowski space using the Covariant Spectator Theory. We show that with an equal-weighted scalar-pseudoscalar structure for the confining part of our interaction kernel the axial-vector Ward-Takahashi identity is preserved and our model complies with the Adler-zero constraint for pi-pi-scattering imposed by chiral symmetry.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, May 18 - 22, 2015, Chicago, USA
Do black lives matter in public health research and training?
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Molly
name: Ranapurwala, Shabbar I.
name: Bengtson, Angela M.
name: Townes, Ashley
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: To examine whether investments made in public health research align with the health burdens experienced by white and black Americans.
Three-year annual modulation search with COSINE-100
Creators: name: 100 Collaboration
name: Adhikari, G.
name: de Souza, E. Barbosa
name: Carlin, N.
name: Choi, J. J.
name: Choi, S.
name: Ezeribe, A. C.
name: França, L. E.
name: Ha, C.
name: Hahn, I. S.
name: Hollick, S. J.
name: Jeon, E. J.
name: Jo, J. H.
name: Joo, H. W.
name: Kang, W. G.
name: Kauer, M.
name: Kim, H.
name: Kim, H. J.
name: Kim, J.
name: Kim, K. W.
name: Kim, S. H.
name: Kim, S. K.
name: Kim, W. K.
name: Kim, Y. D.
name: Kim, Y. H.
name: Ko, Y. J.
name: Kwon, H. J.
name: Lee, D. H.
name: Lee, E. K.
name: Lee, H.
name: Lee, H. S.
name: Lee, H. Y.
name: Lee, I. S.
name: Lee, J.
name: Lee, J. Y.
name: Lee, M. H.
name: Lee, S. H.
name: Lee, S. M.
name: Leonard, D. S.
name: Manzato, B. B.
name: Maruyama, R. H.
name: Neal, R. J.
name: Olsen, S. L.
name: Park, B. J.
name: Park, H. K.
name: Park, H. S.
name: Park, K. S.
name: Park, S. D.
name: Pitta, R. L. C.
name: Prihtiadi, H.
name: Ra, S. J.
name: Rott, C.
name: Shin, K. A.
name: Scarff, A.
name: Spooner, N. J. C.
name: Thompson, W. G.
name: Yang, L.
name: Yu, G. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: COSINE-100 is a direct detection dark matter experiment that aims to test DAMA/LIBRA's claim of dark matter discovery by searching for a dark matter-induced annual modulation signal with NaI(Tl) detectors. We present new constraints on the annual modulation signal from a dataset with a 2.82 yr livetime utilizing an active mass of 61.3 kg, for a total exposure of 173 kg$\cdot$yr. This new result features an improved event selection that allows for both lowering the energy threshold to 1 keV and a more precise time-dependent background model. In the 1-6 keV and 2-6 keV energy intervals, we observe best-fit values for the modulation amplitude of 0.0067$\pm$0.0042 and 0.0051$\pm$0.0047 counts/(day$\cdot$kg$\cdot$keV), respectively, with a phase fixed at 152.5 days.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Does hysteroscopy worsen prognosis in women with type II endometrial carcinoma?
Creators: name: Song, Dan
name: Yan, Zhen
name: Kong, Wei-Min
name: Han, Chao
name: Jiao, Si-Meng
name: Zhang, Tong-Qing
name: Zhao, Hui
name: Clark, Leslie H.
name: Liu, Ting-Ting
name: Chen, Jiao
name: Zhou, Chunxiao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Prior studies evaluating the impact of hysteroscopy on outcomes in endometrial cancer have predominantly evaluated type I tumors. We sought to evaluate whether hysteroscopy worsens prognosis in type II endometrial cancer.
Digital autofocusing of a coded-aperture Laue diffraction microscope
Creators: name: Gursoy, Doga
name: Sheyfer, Dina
name: Wojcik, Michael
name: Liu, Wenjun
name: Tischler, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To provide optimal depth resolution with a coded-aperture Laue diffraction microscope, an accurate position of the coded-aperture and its scanning geometry need to be known. However, finding the geometry by trial and error is a time-consuming and often challenging process because of the large number of parameters involved. In this paper, we propose an optimization approach to automate the focusing process after data is collected. We demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed approach with experimental data taken at a synchrotron facility.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
Shalika periods and parabolic induction for GL(n) over a non archimedean local field
Creators: name: Matringe, Nadir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E50, 11F70

description: Let $F$ be a non archimedean local field, and $n_1$ and $n_2$ two positive even integers. We prove that if $π_1$ and $π_2$ are two smooth representations of $GL(n_1,F)$ and $GL(n_2,F)$ respectively, both admitting a Shalika period, then the normalised parabolically induced representation $π_1\times π_2$ also admits a Shalika period. Combining this with the results of \cite{M-localBF}, we obtain as a corollary the classification of generic representations of $GL(n,F)$ admitting a Shalika period when $F$ has characteristic zero. This result is relevant to the study of the Jacquet-Shalika exterior square $L$ factor.
description: This is the version to appear in Bull. Lond. Math. Soc
Wave functions and edge states in rectangular honeycomb lattices revisited: nanoflakes, armchair and zigzag nanoribbons and nanotubes
Creators: name: Talkachov, Anton
name: Babaev, Egor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of bulk and boundaries of materials can, in general, be quite different, both for topological and non-topological reasons. One of the simplest boundary problems to pose is the tight-binding problem of noninteracting electrons on a finite honeycomb lattice. Despite its simplicity, the problem is quite rich and directly related to the physics of graphene. We revisit this long-studied problem and present an analytical derivation of the electron spectrum and wave functions for graphene rectangular derivatives. We provide an exact analytical description of extended and localized states, the transition between them, and a special case of a localized state when the wave function is nonzero only at the edge sites. The later state has zero energy, we discuss its existence in zigzag nanoribbons, zigzag nanotubes with number of sites along a zigzag edge divisible by 4, and rectangular graphene nanoflakes with an odd number of sites along both zigzag and armchair edges.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures; considered zero energy state for armchair nanoribbon at the end of section IIIA
Dose-Duration Reciprocity for G protein activation: Modulation of kinase to substrate ratio alters cell signaling
Creators: name: Sozzani, Rosangela
name: Melvin, Charles E.
name: Elston, Timothy C.
name: Jones, Alan M.
name: Jones, Roger D.
name: Liao, Kang-Ling
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: In animal cells, activation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling generally occurs when the system’s cognate signal exceeds a threshold, whereas in plant cells, both the amount and the exposure time of at least one signal, D-glucose, are used toward activation. This unusual signaling property called Dose-Duration Reciprocity, first elucidated in the genetic model Arabidopsis thaliana, is achieved by a complex that is comprised of a 7-transmembrane REGULATOR OF G SIGNALING (RGS) protein (AtRGS1), a Gα subunit that binds and hydrolyzes nucleotide, a Gβγ dimer, and three WITH NO LYSINE (WNK) kinases. D-glucose is one of several signals such as salt and pathogen-derived molecular patterns that operates through this protein complex to activate G protein signaling by WNK kinase transphosphorylation of AtRGS1. Because WNK kinases compete for the same substrate, AtRGS1, we hypothesize that activation is sensitive to the AtRGS1 amount and that modulation of the AtRGS1 pool affects the response to the stimulant. Mathematical simulation revealed that the ratio of AtRGS1 to the kinase affects system sensitivity to D-glucose, and therefore illustrates how modulation of the cellular AtRGS1 level is a means to change signal-induced activation. AtRGS1 levels change under tested conditions that mimic physiological conditions therefore, we propose a previously-unknown mechanism by which plants react to changes in their environment.
Navigating Water Resource Challenges with Design Thinking
Creators: name: Urquhart, Erin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Design Thinking
Human-centered Design
NASA Water Resources
User-centric design

description: An introduction to Design Thinking and how the approach can be applied to NASA water resource challenges. Presentation introduces the Design Thinking process, how it can be applied to NASA Water Resources, associated challenges and considerations, and benefits of Design Thinking as an innovative approach.
The best of both worlds: Combining population genetic and quantitative genetic models
Creators: name: Dekens, Léonard
name: Otto, Sarah P.
name: Calvez, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92D15, 35Q92, 35R09, 34E13

description: Numerous traits under migration-selection balance are shown to exhibit complex patterns of genetic architecture with large variance in effect sizes. However, the conditions under which such genetic architectures are stable have yet to be investigated, because studying the influence of a large number of small allelic effects on the maintenance of spatial polymorphism is mathematically challenging, due to the high complexity of the systems that arise. In particular, in the most simple case of a haploid population in a two-patch environment, while it is known from population genetics that polymorphism at a single major-effect locus is stable in the symmetric case, there exists no analytical predictions on how this polymorphism holds when a polygenic background also contributes to the trait. Here we propose to answer this question by introducing a new eco-evo methodology that allows us to take into account the combined contributions of a major-effect locus and of a quantitative background resulting from small-effect loci, where inheritance is encoded according to an extension to the infinitesimal model. In a regime of small variance contributed by the quantitative loci, we justify that traits are concentrated around the major alleles, according to a normal distribution, using new convex analysis arguments. This allows a reduction in the complexity of the system using a separation of time scales approach. We predict an undocumented phenomenon of loss of polymorphism at the major-effect locus despite strong selection for local adaptation, because the quantitative background slowly disrupts the rapidly established polymorphism at the major-effect locus, which is confirmed by individual-based simulations. Our study highlights how segregation of a quantitative background can greatly impact the dynamics of major-effect loci by provoking migrational meltdowns.
Dynamic patterns of expression for genes regulating cytokinin metabolism and signaling during rice inflorescence development
Creators: name: Schaller, G. Eric
name: Kieber, Joseph J.
name: Yamburenko, Maria V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Inflorescence development in cereals, including such important crops as rice, maize, and wheat, directly affects grain number and size and is a key determinant of yield. Cytokinin regulates meristem size and activity and, as a result, has profound effects on inflorescence development and architecture. To clarify the role of cytokinin action in inflorescence development, we used the NanoString nCounter system to analyze gene expression in the early stages of rice panicle development, focusing on 67 genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis, degradation, and signaling. Results point toward key members of these gene families involved in panicle development and indicate that the expression of many genes involved in cytokinin action differs between the panicle and vegetative tissues. Dynamic patterns of gene expression suggest that subnetworks mediate cytokinin action during different stages of panicle development. The variation of expression during panicle development is greater among genes encoding proteins involved in cytokinin metabolism and negative regulators of the pathway than for the genes in the primary response pathway. These results provide insight into the expression patterns of genes involved in cytokinin action during inflorescence development in a crop of agricultural importance, with relevance to similar processes in other monocots. The identification of subnetworks of genes expressed at different stages of early panicle development suggests that manipulation of their expression could have substantial effects on inflorescence architecture.
The late afterglow of GW170817/GRB170817A: a large viewing angle and the shift of the Hubble constant to a value more consistent with the local measurements
Creators: name: Wang, Yi-Ying
name: Tang, Shao-Peng
name: Jin, Zhi-Ping
name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multi-messenger data of neutron star merger events are promising for constraining the Hubble constant. So far, GW170817 is still the unique gravitational wave event with multi-wavelength electromagnetic counterparts. In particular, its radio and X-ray emission have been measured in the past $\sim 3-5$ years. In this work, we fit the long-lasting X-ray, optical, and radio afterglow light curves of GW170817/GRB 170817A, including the forward shock radiation from both the decelerating relativistic GRB outflow and the sub-relativistic kilonova outflow (though whether the second component contributes significantly is still uncertain), and find out a relatively large viewing angle ($\sim 0.5\, \rm rad$). Such a viewing angle has been taken as a prior in the gravitational wave data analysis, and the degeneracy between the viewing angle and the luminosity distance is broken. Finally, we have a Hubble constant $H_0=72.57^{+4.09}_{-4.17}\, \rm km\, s^{-1}\, Mpc^{-1}$, which is more consistent with that obtained by other local measurements. If rather similar values are inferred from multi-messenger data of future neutron star merger events, it will provide critical support to the existence of the Hubble tension.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
title: C-MET im papillären Nierenzellkarzinom – ein prognostischer Marker?
Creators: name: Brücher, Benedict
name: Erlmeier, Franziska
name: Stöhr, Christine
name: Polfika, Iris
name: Schrader, Andres Jan
name: Hartmann, Arndt
name: Ivanyi, Philipp
name: Steffens, Sandra
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die prognostische Bedeutung des c-MET Rezeptors beim papillären Nierenzellkarzinom (pNZK) zu untersuchen. Methoden: Im Rahmen des PANZAR Konsortiums wurden Tumorproben von insgesamt 374 papillären Nierenzellkarzinomen gesammelt. Dabei handelte es sich[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
title: Einfluss von CYP2D6-Polymorphismen auf die Tamoxifen-Behandlung von Patienten mit retroperitonealer Fibrose (RPF): Ein erster Schritt zur maßgeschneiderten Therapie?
Creators: name: Dreger, Nici Markus
name: Degener, Stephan
name: Müller, Elisabeth
name: Brandt, Alexander Sascha
name: Roth, Stephan
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die RPF ist eine seltene, chronisch entzündliche Erkrankung, deren häufigste Komplikation die Ureterkompression mit Hydronephrose und Nierenversagen ist. In der medikamentösen Therapie stellt Tamoxifen (TMX) eine wirksame Alternative zu Corticosteroiden dar. Die Umwandlung[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Gesellschaft, Behinderung und Stigmatisierung. Stigmatisierungsprozesse bei Menschen mit einer Behinderung und konkrete Ansätze zur Entstigmatisierung und Inklusion im Regelschul- oder heilpädagogischen Unterricht
Creators: name: van Koppenhagen, Selina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
soziale Integration
Lernerfolg
Stigma

description: Die Idee, einen differenzierten, inklusiven Unterricht zu gestalten, um die soziale Integration von Menschen mit einer Behinderung zu begünstigen und den Lernerfolg von heterogenen Schulklassen zu verbessern, ist keineswegs neu. Die Umsetzung in der schulischen Praxis gestaltet sich jedoch immer noch schwierig (vgl. Corno, 2008 in Wember & Melle, 2018, S. 58). „[…] Jeder Mensch hat das Recht auf eine Bildung, die gleiche und gerechte Chancen eröffnet. Dagegen schafft Exklusion Vorbedingungen für eine Verletzung nicht nur der Menschenrechte, sondern auch der demokratischen und friedlichen Grundlagen des menschlichen Zusammenlebens. Die UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention […] unterstützen die Inklusion deshalb in einem umfassenden Sinne, um Diskriminierungen in jeder Form […] zu überwinden“ (Reich, 2016, S. 6). Dies gilt auch für das Schweizer Schulsystem, welches Inklusion grundsätzlich befürwortet und integrative Lösungen einem separativen Schulsystem theoretisch bevorzugt („Integration und Inklusion“, o. J.). Doch auch wenn die gesetzlichen Weichen gestellt sind: In der Praxis wird vor allem die Inklusion von Schüler:innen mit einer Behinderung von vielen Lehrpersonen als besonders schwierige und herausfordernde Aufgabe erlebt (vgl. Bender, Drolshagen, Rose, Leišytė & Rothenberg, 2018, S. 218). Die Problematik von Stigmatisierungs- und Etikettierungsprozessen spielt hierbei eine folgenschwere Rolle. Einerseits vereinfachen Stigmen komplexe Situationen, entlasten von Reflexion oder sichern Handlungsroutinen. Andererseits können die meist eindeutigen Grenzziehungen abwerten, aussondern und daher gezielte Personengruppen – wie bspw. Menschen mit einer Behinderung – diskriminieren. Inklusion verspricht hierbei, dass es „normal“ werden soll, verschieden zu sein. Dies bringt Hoffnung, dass durch eine gelingende Inklusion, differenzierten Unterricht und den Einsatz von geeigneten didaktischen Lehrmitteln, langfristige Prozesse der Entstigmatisierung entstehen könnten. Diese Arbeit untersucht diese Prozesse in Bezug auf das Schweizer Schulsystem, dafür bereits bestehende didaktische Materialien auf ihren Inhalt, sowie ihre Eignung als entstigmatisierende Instrumente für den heilpädagogischen Unterricht.
Majorana Zero Modes in Fermionic Wires coupled by Aharonov-Bohm Cages
Creators: name: Tausendpfund, Niklas
name: Diehl, Sebastian
name: Rizzi, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We devise a number-conserving scheme for the realization of Majorana Zero Modes in an interacting fermionic ladder coupled by Aharonov-Bohm cages. The latter provide an efficient mechanism to cancel single-particle hopping by destructive interference. The crucial parity symmetry in each wire is thus encoded in the geometry of the setup, in particular, its translation invariance. A generic nearest-neighbor interaction generates the desired correlated hopping of pairs. We exhibit the presence of an extended topological region in parameter space, first in a simplified effective model via bosonization techniques, and subsequently in a larger parameter regime with matrix-product-states numerical simulations. We demonstrate the adiabatic connection to previous models, including exactly-solvable ones, and we briefly comment on possible experimental realizations in synthetic quantum platforms, like cold atomic samples.
description: 16 pages, 18 figures; typos corrected, references added
The advance tools of AI for pandemic response
Creators: name: Prasad, Ravi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 329999
subject: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The emergence of pandemics, such as COVID-19, has demonstrated the critical need for rapid, efficient, and data-driven responses toglobal health crises. Traditional methods of managing pandemics often face limitations, including slow decision-making, resourceshortages, and ineffective disease monitoring. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has proven to be a transformative tool in addressing thesechallenges, providing innovative solutions for disease surveillance, predictive modeling, resource optimization, and healthcare systemsupport. This paper explores the pivotal role of AI in pandemic response, focusing on its applications in resource allocation, real-timedisease tracking, and healthcare system efficiency. By leveraging machine learning, natural language processing, and predictiveanalytics, AI enhances the capacity to predict outbreaks, allocate resources effectively, and optimize healthcare workflows during apandemic. Additionally, the paper examines the ethical and technical challenges of implementing AI, including data privacy concerns,algorithmic transparency, and the need for high-quality data. Through case studies, particularly from the COVID-19 and Ebolapandemics, the paper demonstrates AI’s effectiveness in improving public health responses. Finally, it discusses the future potentialof AI in long-term pandemic preparedness and the importance of continued research, cross-sector collaboration, and investment in AIdrivenhealth technologies. AI’s role in enhancing global pandemic resilience is both crucial and transformative, offering pathways forbetter crisis management and future health preparedness.
Early childhood lung function is a stronger predictor of adolescent lung function in cystic fibrosis than early Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
Creators: name: Leigh, Margaret W.
name: Noah, Hannah
name: Sontag, Marci K.
name: Davis, Stephanie D.
name: Accurso, Frank J.
name: Sagel, Scott D.
name: Knowles, Michael R.
name: Calloway, Hollin E.
name: Drumm, Mitchell
name: Pittman, Jessica E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been suggested as a major determinant of poor pulmonary outcomes in cystic fibrosis (CF), although other factors play a role. Our objective was to investigate the association of early childhood Pseudomonas infection on differences in lung function in adolescence with CF.
Diffusion coefficient power laws and defect-driven glassy dynamics in swap acceleration
Creators: name: Gopinath, Gautham
name: Lee, Chun-Shing
name: Gao, Xin-Yuan
name: An, Xiao-Dong
name: Chan, Chor-Hoi
name: Yip, Cho-Tung
name: Deng, Hai-Yao
name: Lam, Chi-Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle swaps can drastically accelerate dynamics in glass. The mechanism is expected to be vital for a fundamental understanding of glassy dynamics. To extract defining features, we propose a partial swappability with a fraction {ϕ_s} of swap-initiating particles, which can only swap locally with each other or with regular particles. We focus on the swap-dominating regime. At all temperatures studied, particle diffusion coefficients scale with {ϕ_s} in unexpected power laws with temperature-dependent exponents, consistent with the kinetic picture of glass transition. At small {ϕ_s}, swap-initiators, becoming defect particles, induce remarkably typical glassy dynamics of regular particles. This supports defect models of glass.
description: 14 pages, 20 figures
Autonomous waves and global motion modes in living active solids
Creators: name: Xu, Haoran
name: Huang, Yulu
name: Zhang, Rui
name: Wu, Yilin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastic active matter or active solid consists of self-propelled units embedded in an elastic matrix. Active solid resists deformation; the shape-preserving property and the intrinsic non-equilibrium nature make active solids a superior component for self-driven devices. Nonetheless, the mechanical properties and emergent behavior of active solids are poorly understood. Using a biofilm-based bacterial active solid, here we discovered self-sustained elastic waves with unique wave properties not seen in passive solids, such as power-law scaling of wave speed with activity. Under isotropic confinement, the active solid develops two topologically distinct global motion modes that can be selectively excited, with a surprising step-like frequency jump at mode transition. Our findings reveal novel spatiotemporal order in elastic active matter and may guide the development of solid-state adaptive or living materials.
Additional file 1 of Political violence, racial violence, and new gun ownership: results from the 2023 National Survey of Gun Policy
Creators: name: Valek, Rebecca
name: Ward, Julie A.
name: Jones, Vanya
name: Crifasi, Cassandra K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1.
title: Bakterielle Epididymitis im Mausmodel – verbesserter Therapieerfolg durch kombinierte anti-mikrobielle und anti-inflammatorische Therapie
Creators: name: Klein, Britta
name: Bhushan, Sudhanshu
name: Wijayarathna, Rukmali
name: Middendorff, Ralf
name: Loveland, Kate
name: Hedger, Mark
name: Meinhardt, Andreas
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Epididymitis, ausgelöst durch uropathogene E. coli (UPEC), wird standardmäßig mit Antibiotika behandelt. Obgleich die Bakterien dadurch effektiv eliminiert werden, kommt es bei ca. 40% der Patienten zu nachfolgenden Fertilitätsproblemen. Als Hauptursache werden Obstruktionen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie