Archaeological Monitoring and Sampling Operations during Ordinance and Explosive Removal at Bellows Air Force Station, Waimanalo, Koolaupoko District, Oahu Island, Hawai’i
Creators: name: Guerin Tome
name: Dega, Michael F.
Publisher: name: Scientific Consultant Services, Inc.
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Oahu (Island)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79023/oahu-island
subject: Bellows Air Force Station
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79858/bellows-air-force-station
subject: Waimanalo
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79859/waimanalo
subject: Koolaupoko District
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79928/koolaupoko-district
subject: Hawaii (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2027/hawaii-state-territory
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Ordinance and Explosive Removal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/164626/ordinance-and-explosive-removal
subject: Ground Disturbance Monitoring
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/20/ground-disturbance-monitoring
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey
subject: Heritage Management
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/24/heritage-management
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: Four main archaeological tasks were completed during the intermittent multi-year project: monitoring vegetation clearance, completely surveying the project area, monitoring ordnance removal, and subsurface testing along the eastern coastline. The results of monitoring, survey, and testing were minimal. Several previously recorded military structures and modem debris were identified in most portions of the project area. During monitoring, several small caches of commingled, disarticulated human and fauna! remains were identified on a sandy surface near the eastern flank of the project area. All the remains were sun-bleached and represented secondary-tertiary deposits. The three total human skeletal fragments are currently in the legal and physical custody of Hui Malama I Na Kapuna O Hawaii Nei, per compliance with NAGPRA (Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act). During testing, fifteen test units were excavated along the eastern coastline of the project area and only yielded ten very small, disarticulated mammalian fragments. These non-human remains also occurred in secondary or tertiary context. Beyond the recovery of three human remains fragments, no significant resources were identified in the project area. The minimal results of this project were likely due to massive landscape modifications to the surface of the Bellows Air Force Station as well as the location of the project area itself in terms of traditional Native Hawaiian settlement patterns. As only a minimal portion of the project area was subject to subsurface investigation, it remains a possibility that archaeological sites related to prehistoric-historic habitation, work stations, and/or burials may occur in subsurface contexts within the project area. Future construction in the area should be closely monitored by a qualified archaeologist for the presence of such resources.