cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tractable $T$-matix model for reaction processes in muon catalyzed fusion $(dtμ)_{J=v=0} \to \; α+ n + μ+ 17.6\, {\rm MeV} \; \mbox{or} \; (αμ)_{nl} + n +17.6 \,{\rm MeV}$
Creators: name: Wu, Qian
name: Kamimura, Masayasu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reaction processes in muon catalyzed fusion ($μ$CF), $(dtμ)_{J=v=0} \to α+ n + μ+ 17.6\,{\rm MeV}\:$ or $ \;(αμ)_{nl} + n + 17.6\,{\rm MeV}$ in the D-T mixture was comprehensively studied by Kamimura, Kino and Yamashita [Phys. Rev. C 107, 034607 (2023)] by solving the $dtμ$-$αnμ$ coupled channel (CC) Schrödinger equation under a boundary condition where the muonic molecule $(dtμ)_{J=v=0}$ was set as the initial state and the outgoing wave was in the $αnμ$ channel. We approximate this CC framework and propose a considerably more tractable model using the $T$-matrix method based on the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. Nuclear interactions adopted in the $T$-matrix model are determined by reproducing the cross section of the reaction $d + t \to α+ n + 17.6\,{\rm MeV}$ at low energies. The cross section of the strong-coupling rearrangement reaction is presented in a simple closed form based on our new model. This $T$-matrix model have reproduced most of the calculated results on the above $μ$CF reaction reported by Kamimura et al. (2023) and is applicable to other $μ$CF systems such as $(ddμ)$, $(ttμ)$, $(dtμ)^*$, $(ddμ)^*$.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
The role of NOX2 in axonal regeneration
Creators: name: De Virgiliis, Francesco
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Following spinal cord injury, central nervous system neurons show extremely limited regenerative response and fail to reconnect with their targets resulting in permanent disabilities. However, a conditioning lesion, which triggers a regenerative response, shows that the ability of adult neurons to regenerate could be reactivated. The conditioning lesion is displayed by dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, where an injury to their peripheral branches induces regeneration of their central branches, which would otherwise fail to occur. The first part of the thesis investigated novel signalling mechanisms required for the conditioning lesion paradigm. After a peripheral injury, an inflammatory response occurs with the rapid recruitment of macrophages at the lesion site, which have been shown to be required for the conditioning lesion effect. These cells produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and create an oxidative environment around the axons, which led us to hypothesize that ROS may play an important role in the conditioning effect. We discovered that exosomal NOX2, a ROS-producing complex, is released by macrophages, internalized by the axons and retrogradely transported in signalling endosomes to the somas promoting regeneration of DRG axons via oxidative inhibition of PTEN. In the second part, we have explored a novel paradigm where we combined the conditioning lesion with environmental enrichment, establishing a new “enriched” conditioning (EE+SNA) model. We found that EE+SNA induced an additive effect on axonal regeneration after SCI. Gene expression analysis of DRG after EE+SNA showed a striking upregulation of NOX2 pathway with upregulation of all the components of NOX2 complex. Mechanistically, we showed that PKC-dependent STAT3 phosphorylation induces binding of STAT3 on hyper-acetylated NOX2 promoter regions and triggers neuronal intrinsic NOX2 expression. This, in turn, is required for EE+SNA-dependent redox signalling and for the regeneration of DRG sensory fibres after SCI.
STROBE checklist for the original study titled '"Influencing factors of health-related quality-of-life perceived by both children/adolescents patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus and their parents: A North-African study"
Creators: name: Ben Abdesselem, Imen
name: Ben Saad, Helmi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This file includes the original study titled "Influencing factors of health-related quality-of-life perceived by both children/adolescents patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus and their parents: A North-African study"
Reductive Quantum Phase Estimation
Creators: name: Papadopoulos, Nicholas J. C.
name: Reilly, Jarrod T.
name: Wilson, John Drew
name: Holland, Murray J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Estimating a quantum phase is a necessary task in a wide range of fields of quantum science. To accomplish this task, two well-known methods have been developed in distinct contexts, namely, Ramsey interferometry (RI) in atomic and molecular physics and quantum phase estimation (QPE) in quantum computing. We demonstrate that these canonical examples are instances of a larger class of phase estimation protocols, which we call reductive quantum phase estimation (RQPE) circuits. Here we present an explicit algorithm that allows one to create an RQPE circuit. This circuit distinguishes an arbitrary set of phases with a fewer number of qubits and unitary applications, thereby solving a general class of quantum hypothesis testing to which RI and QPE belong. We further demonstrate a trade-off between measurement precision and phase distinguishability, which allows one to tune the circuit to be optimal for a specific application.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Falanx: Programming Middleware for the Fault Resilience
Creators: name: Ikegami, Tsutomu
name: Hidemoto Nakada
name: Takefusa, Atsuko
name: Ryousei Takano
name: Tanaka, Yoshio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: Falanx is a programming middleware for the development of exascale applications. Falanx employs a hierarchical parallel programming model for the scalability, where an application is described as a network of tasks, and each task is processed in a fine-grained parallel. Because of the fragility of the computing environment, exascale applications are required to be not only scalable, but also fault resilient. Implementation of the fault resilience, however, requires a lot of programming effort, such as protecting data from failures, managing resource availability, and finding out domains affected by failures that occur. In Falanx, the fault resilience is achieved by taking the tasks as a fault enclosure: failures are confined within the task, and an application execution is sustained by taking the tasks as partial rollback units. The rest of the complexity is concealed by providing a fault resilient runtime environment, which is equipped with a resource management system (RMS) for the task scheduling and a durable data store (DDS) for the data protection. Falanx is implemented by using basic fault mitigation functionalities of ULFM-MPI, allowing an easy adaptation to conventional MPI applications.
title: Sie dürfen wählen, sie dürfen nicht, sie dürfen wählen…
Creators: name: Faas, Thorsten
name: Leininger, Arndt
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 342

description: Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional
Quantum Tensor Product Decomposition from Choi State Tomography
Creators: name: Mansuroglu, Refik
name: Adil, Arsalan
name: Hartmann, Michael J.
name: Holmes, Zoë
name: Sornborger, Andrew T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schmidt decomposition is the go-to tool for measuring bipartite entanglement of pure quantum states. Similarly, it is possible to study the entangling features of a quantum operation using its operator-Schmidt, or tensor product decomposition. While quantum technological implementations of the former are thoroughly studied, entangling properties on the operator level are harder to extract in the quantum computational framework because of the exponential nature of sample complexity. Here we present an algorithm for unbalanced partitions into a small subsystem and a large one (the environment) to compute the tensor product decomposition of a unitary whose effect on the small subsystem is captured in classical memory while the effect on the environment is accessible as a quantum resource. This quantum algorithm may be used to make predictions about operator non-locality, effective open quantum dynamics on a subsystem, as well as for finding low-rank approximations and low-depth compilations of quantum circuit unitaries. We demonstrate the method and its applications on a time-evolution unitary of an isotropic Heisenberg model in two dimensions.
description: 9+13 pages, 3+1 figures
Developing Scientific Software through the Open Community Engagement Process
Creators: name: Christopherson, Laura
name: Idaszak, Ray
name: Ahalt, Stan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: Computer Engineering

description: Today's research relies on trustworthy software. Many scientists develop their own software; however, the quality of academia-developed software tends to be lower than commercially-developed software because, in academia, there are barriers to using proven software engineering methods. To help overcome these barriers, the Water Science Software Institute (WSSI) has developed a model--the Open Community Engagement Process (OCEP)--which brings software engineers and scientists together to traverse a four-step, iterative process that incorporates Agile development principles and open source mechanics. As a part of OCEP, WSSI has engaged a water science community who uses a scientist-developed, computational modeling framework originally developed in the early 1990s. Efforts to improve this software have included two hackathons. This paper compares these hackathons to determine factors that influnenced hackathon outcomes. Thorough planning with sufficient lead time before a hackathon, clarification of expectations, sufficient time for discussion of objectives and clarification of domain vocabulary, and co-location of participants were identified as key factors contributing to hackathon success.
title: “Ms. Mar Menor”: how rights of nature entered into Europe: Völkerrechtliche Tagesthemen 30
Creators: name: Delgado, Mario
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 341

description: Since 2008, when the Ecuadorian Constitution recognised and guaranteed the rights of nature, various countries have included this set of rights within their legal national framework in different ways, e.g. adopting constitutional texts (Ecuador and Mexico), legal acts (Australia, Bolivia, New Zealand, Panama, Spain, and Uganda), and court decisions (Bangladesh, Colombia, and India). Recently, Spain passed a law that bestowed certain rights to the Mar Menor lagoon. This particular case clearly explains how the rights of nature entered Europe because of the important role played by civil society in the evolution of law and its law-making process. The popular initiative led to the recognition of the lake as a subject of rights by the Spanish legislative branch. Thus, the scope of this lecture intends to briefly summarise how the Lagoon of Mar Menor was recognized as a rights bearer. First, it will aim to show the existing interaction between civil society and the environmental law-making process. Then, it will portray the most relevant legal arguments arising from this declaration. Finally, it will discuss the implications of this recognition in the international arena. This will provide a general overview of the current discussion about the rights of nature worldwide.
description: Völkerrechtsblog
Self-Supervised Learning for Improved Calibrationless Radial MRI with NLINV-Net
Creators: name: Blumenthal, Moritz
name: Fantinato, Chiara
name: Unterberg-Buchwald, Christina
name: Haltmeier, Markus
name: Wang, Xiaoqing
name: Uecker, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Purpose: To develop a neural network architecture for improved calibrationless reconstruction of radial data when no ground truth is available for training. Methods: NLINV-Net is a model-based neural network architecture that directly estimates images and coil sensitivities from (radial) k-space data via non-linear inversion (NLINV). Combined with a training strategy using self-supervision via data undersampling (SSDU), it can be used for imaging problems where no ground truth reconstructions are available. We validated the method for (1) real-time cardiac imaging and (2) single-shot subspace-based quantitative T1 mapping. Furthermore, region-optimized virtual (ROVir) coils were used to suppress artifacts stemming from outside the FoV and to focus the k-space based SSDU loss on the region of interest. NLINV-Net based reconstructions were compared with conventional NLINV and PI-CS (parallel imaging + compressed sensing) reconstruction and the effect of the region-optimized virtual coils and the type of training loss was evaluated qualitatively. Results: NLINV-Net based reconstructions contain significantly less noise than the NLINV-based counterpart. ROVir coils effectively suppress streakings which are not suppressed by the neural networks while the ROVir-based focussed loss leads to visually sharper time series for the movement of the myocardial wall in cardiac real-time imaging. For quantitative imaging, T1-maps reconstructed using NLINV-Net show similar quality as PI-CS reconstructions, but NLINV-Net does not require slice-specific tuning of the regularization parameter. Conclusion: NLINV-Net is a versatile tool for calibrationless imaging which can be used in challenging imaging scenarios where a ground truth is not available.
description: Submitted to Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
title: Painting trajectories
title: transliterating traces of the travel experience through photo-based painting
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Moller, Sarah Jane
Publisher: name: Charles Darwin University
Year: 2015

description: Collected photographic traces of travelling pay homage to the glorious idea that humans sporadically leave ordinary life, travel to new locations and take a flurry of pictures to help them remember. At the end of the holiday, they return to the ordinary, clutching only images and trinkets as physical evidence of their trajectory through alternative time zones and locations. The body of large scale, photo-based oil paintings documented in this project draw upon these photographic traces of the travel experience, which verify what the tourist saw in journeying through unfamiliar spaces. Based on images gathered over the course of a year’s studio research in Germany, these works position the artist as collector of gazes en route between ordinary life and the extraordinary holiday setting. Exploring the Foucauldian notion of the image caught in trajectory from photograph to painting, the body of artwork focuses on how a change of form is negotiated between the photographic source image and the painted studio outcome. Referencing a number of themes, theoretical contexts and practice-based approaches, the exegesis brings together images, literature and studio narrative to reveal the emergence of an understanding of painting as a process of painterly transliteration. Adapted from the linguistic term which describes the mapping from one system of writing into another, the notion of transliteration is applied to articulate how the artist maps from photograph to painting, seeking an approach which emphasises materiality of medium over representational reproduction. Paintings shaped through this process examine the tourist spectacle while highlighting their origins in transience, conveying the movement and fleeting nature of the travel experience as it transpires within the contemporary setting.
title: Rising before Sinking: The landmark decision of the UN Human Rights Committee in Daniel Billy et al. v. Australia: Völkerrechtliche Tagesthemen 31
Creators: name: Kahl, Verena
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 341

description: In its groundbreaking views on Billy et al. v. Australia the UN Human Rights Committee found that Australia failed to adequately protect members of an indigenous community present in four small, low-lying islands in the Torres Strait region from adverse impacts of climate change, resulting in the violation of the complainants’ rights to enjoy their culture and to be free from arbitrary interferences with their private life, family and home. The presentation will take up the decision’s key findings in order to critically reflect upon them in light of currently discussed challenges faced by human rights dogma in the context of climate change. It will be argued that the Committee has taken a hesitant and restraint position on victim status, the right to life and mitigation obligations, failing to account for harms located in the (further) future. However, it will be further explained that the Committee nevertheless succeeded in overcoming previously disputed admissibility hurdles, thereby taking the case to the merits. In doing so, it has issued the first decision at the international level to tackle substantive human rights questions in the context of climate change that relate to the current situation of small islands and their indigenous inhabitants.
description: Völkerrechtsblog
Thermodynamic phase transition rate for the third-order Lovelock black hole in diverse dimensions
Creators: name: Wang, Yu-Shan
name: Xu, Zhen-Ming
name: Wu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase transition has always been a major focus in the study of black hole thermodynamics. This study employs the Kramer escape rate from stochastic processes to investigate the first-order phase transition strength between the large and small black hole states. The results indicate that the phase transition of the third-order Lovelock black holes exhibits significant asymmetric characteristics in diverse dimensions both in the hyperbolic and spherical topology, with an overall trend of the transition from large black holes to small black holes. Especially for the spherical topology, when the dimension is higher than seven, there exists a certain temperature beyond which a dynamic equilibrium is established for the phase transition. This study provides valuable insights into the first-order phase transition rate of black holes and enriches the understanding of black hole phase transitions.
description: v1: 11 pages, 8 figures
Towards Realistic Landmark-Guided Facial Video Inpainting Based on GANs
Creators: name: Lohesara, Fatemeh Ghorbani
name: Egiazarian, Karen
name: Knorr, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Facial video inpainting plays a crucial role in a wide range of applications, including but not limited to the removal of obstructions in video conferencing and telemedicine, enhancement of facial expression analysis, privacy protection, integration of graphical overlays, and virtual makeup. This domain presents serious challenges due to the intricate nature of facial features and the inherent human familiarity with faces, heightening the need for accurate and persuasive completions. In addressing challenges specifically related to occlusion removal in this context, our focus is on the progressive task of generating complete images from facial data covered by masks, ensuring both spatial and temporal coherence. Our study introduces a network designed for expression-based video inpainting, employing generative adversarial networks (GANs) to handle static and moving occlusions across all frames. By utilizing facial landmarks and an occlusion-free reference image, our model maintains the user's identity consistently across frames. We further enhance emotional preservation through a customized facial expression recognition (FER) loss function, ensuring detailed inpainted outputs. Our proposed framework exhibits proficiency in eliminating occlusions from facial videos in an adaptive form, whether appearing static or dynamic on the frames, while providing realistic and coherent results.
description: Accepted in Electronic Imaging 2024
A soluble model for synchronized rhythmic activity in ant colonies
Creators: name: da Silveira, Pedro M. M.
name: Fontanari, José F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Synchronization is one of the most striking instances of collective behavior, occurring in many natural phenomena. For example, in some ant species, ants are inactive within the nest most of the time, but their bursts of activity are highly synchronized and involve the entire nest population. Here we revisit a simulation model that generates this synchronized rhythmic activity through autocatalytic behavior, i.e., active ants can activate inactive ants, followed by a period of rest. We derive a set of delay differential equations that provide an accurate description of the short- and medium-time simulations for large ant colonies. Analysis of the fixed-point solutions, complemented by numerical integration of the equations, indicates the existence of stable limit-cycle solutions when the rest period is greater than a threshold and the event of spontaneous activation of inactive ants is very unlikely, so that most of the arousal of ants is done by active ants. Furthermore, we argue that the persistent oscillations observed in the simulations for colonies of finite size are due to resonant amplification of demographic noise.
The costs of climate change for the tourism sector: A review
Creators: name: Lam-González, Yen E.
name: García Galindo, Carmen
name: Leon, C. J.
name: González Hernández, Matias M.
name: Figini, P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The most important effects of Climate Change on coastal and maritime areas come from the sea level rise (SLR), the changes in water and air temperatures, the increased frequency of extreme events (rainstorms, windstorms, heat waves, etc.) and other climatic features. They all have environmental physical impacts (e.g. beach surface reduction, increased risks of forest fires, etc.) which affect the image and atractiveness of tourism destinations and the quality of the tourist experience, from the demand side, and on touristic activities and facilities, on the supply side. The factsheet presents some of the results obtained from a review of the existing literature regarding the economic valuation of climate change risks for the tourism activity.
Exploring Gamma-Ray Burst Diversity: Clustering analysis of emission characteristics of Fermi and BATSE detected GRBs
Creators: name: Mehta, Nishil
name: Iyyani, Shabnam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are commonly attributed to the demise of massive stars or the merger of binary compact objects. However, their varied emission characteristics strongly imply the existence of multiple GRB classes based on progenitor types, radiation mechanisms, central engines etc. This study utilizes unsupervised clustering with the Nested Gaussian Mixture Model algorithm to analyze {\it Fermi} and BATSE GRB data, identifying four classes (A, B, C, and D) based on duration, spectral peak, and spectral index, comprising approximately 70\%, 10\%, 3\%, and 17\% of the dataset, respectively. Classes A and B consist of long GRBs, C mainly short GRBs, and class D encompasses both short and long GRBs. Using the spectral index, $α$, for the differentiation of radiation models, it is found that classes B and C align with photospheric emission models, while A and D predominantly show synchrotron radiation characteristics. Short GRBs predominantly exhibit photospheric emission, whereas long GRBs show consistency with synchrotron emission. Overall, 63\% of the total bursts exhibit $α$ profiles indicative of synchrotron emission, with the remaining 37\% associated with photospheric emission. The classes were further examined for their progenitor origins, revealing that classes A and D demonstrate a hybrid nature, while classes B and C are predominantly associated with collapsar and merger origins, respectively. This clustering analysis reveals distinct GRB classes, shedding light on their diversity in radiation, duration and progenitor.
description: 16 pages, 5 Figures, 4 Tables, submitted
Toward a comprehensive impact report for every software project
Creators: name: Impactstory Team
name: Priem, Jason
name: Piwowar, Heather
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Science Policy

description: Here we propose next steps toward a comprehensive impact report for every software project. Building on the open-source ImpactStory web application, we propose to (a) mine the bulk of the scholarly literature, (b) track downloads, installations, conversation, and reverse dependencies, and (c) present impacts in a profile integrating diverse research outputs. This will support all researchers in presenting meaningful impact evidence in tenure, promotion, and funding applications.
Measurements of the first-flux-penetration field in surface-treated and coated Nb: Distinguishing between surface pinning and an interface energy barrier
Creators: name: Asaduzzaman, Md
name: McFadden, Ryan M. L.
name: Thoeng, Edward
name: Laxdal, Robert E.
name: Junginger, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the first-flux-penetration field in surface-treated and coated Nb samples using muon spin rotation ($μ$SR). Using thin Ag foils as energy moderators for the implanted muon spin-probes, we "profile" the vortex penetration field $μ_{0} H_{\mathrm{vp}}$ at sub-surface depths on the order of $\sim 10$ $\mathrmμ$m to $\sim 100$ $\mathrmμ$m. In a coated sample [Nb$_3$Sn(2 $\mathrmμ$m)/Nb], we find that $μ_{0} H_{\mathrm{vp}}$ is depth-independent with a value of 234.5(35) mT, consistent with Nb's metastable superheating field and suggestive of surface energy barrier for flux penetration. Conversely, in a surface-treated sample [Nb baked in vacuum at 120 $^{\circ}$C for 48 h], vortex penetration onsets close to pure Nb's lower critical field $μ_{0}H_\mathrm{c1} \approx 170$ mT, but increases with increasing implantation depth, consistent with flux-pinning localized at the surface. The implication of these results for technical applications of superconducting Nb, such as superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, is discussed.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Una lectura del método sociológico: Emile Durkheim y el estudio científico de las formaciones sociales (Informe de lectura)
Creators: name: Topon, Erik
Publisher: name: unknown
Year: 2024

description: Durkheim establece "Las reglas del método sociológico", las cuales están orientadas a tratar los fenómenos sociológicos, no como una rama de la filosofía, sino como otra ciencia, pero con una metodología propia, que permite evitar la subjetividad de los fenómenos sociales y permite estudiarlos objetivamente. Lo primero es, entender que la sociología es independiente de toda filosofía. Lo segundo es tratar a los hechos de forma objetiva, ya que estos son cosas y deben ser tratados como tale. Lo tercero es que el método es exclusivo para las ciencias sociales y solo se pueden explicar en el ámbito social. En cuarto lugar, hay que saber distinguir entre los hechos normales y los patológicos, es decir los que se alejan de lo normal. En quinto lugar, hay que clasificar los casos en especies sociales. En sexto lugar no hay que confundir la causa de un fenómeno con el rol que este desempeña. Por último, solo existe una forma de saber que un fenómeno es la causa del otro y esta es comparar ambos de manera simultánea y evaluar las circunstancias que demuestran que uno se produjo por acción del otro o viceversa.
Kodama-like Vector Fields in Axisymmetric Spacetimes
Creators: name: Dorau, Philipp
name: Verch, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the concept of the Kodama symmetry, a quasi-local time translation symmetry for dynamical spherically symmetric spacetimes, to a specific class of dynamical axisymmetric spacetimes, namely the families of Kerr-Vaidya and Kerr-Vaidya-de Sitter spacetimes. We study some geometrical properties of the asymptotically flat Kerr-Vaidya metric, such as the Brown-York mass and the Einstein tensor. Furthermore, we propose a generalization of the Kerr-Vaidya metric to an asymptotic de Sitter background. We show that for these classes of dynamical axisymmetric black hole spacetimes, there exists a timelike vector field that exhibits similar properties to the Kodama vector field in spherical symmetry. This includes the construction of a covariantly conserved current and a corresponding locally conserved charge, which in the Kerr-Vaidya case converges to the Brown-York mass in the asymptotically flat region.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure. v2: extended analysis of Kerr-Vaidya-de Sitter, removed misconception regarding the ADM definition of mass, minor revisions
jetsimpy: A Highly Efficient Hydrodynamic Code for Gamma-ray Burst Afterglow
Creators: name: Wang, Hao
name: Dastidar, Ranadeep G.
name: Giannios, Dimitrios
name: Duffell, Paul C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows are emissions from ultrarelativistic blast waves produced by a narrow jet interacting with surrounding matter. Since the first multimessenger observation of a neutron star merger, hydrodynamic modeling of GRB afterglows for structured jets with smoothly varying angular energy distributions has gained increased interest. While the evolution of a jet is well described by self-similar solutions in both ultrarelativistic and Newtonian limits, modeling the transitional phase remains challenging. This is due to the nonlinear spreading of a narrow jet to a spherical configuration and the breakdown of self-similar solutions. Analytical models are limited in capturing these nonlinear effects, while relativistic hydrodynamic simulations are computationally expensive, which restricts the exploration of various initial conditions. In this work, we introduce a reduced hydrodynamic model that approximates the blast wave as an infinitely thin two-dimensional surface. Further assuming axial symmetry, this model simplifies the simulation to one dimension and drastically reduces the computational costs. We have compared our modeling to relativistic hydrodynamic simulations and semianalytic methods, and applied it to fit the light curve and flux centroid motion of GRB 170817A. These comparisons demonstrate good agreement and validate our approach. We have developed this method into a numerical tool, \texttt{jetsimpy}, which models the synchrotron GRB afterglow emission from a blast wave with arbitrary angular energy and Lorentz factor distribution. Although the code is built with GRB afterglow in mind, it applies to any relativistic jet. This tool is particularly useful in Markov Chain Monte Carlo studies and is provided to the community.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures. Published in ApJS
Multi-modal Attribute Prompting for Vision-Language Models
Creators: name: Liu, Xin
name: Wu, Jiamin
name: Yang, and Wenfei
name: Zhou, Xu
name: Zhang, Tianzhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), like CLIP, exhibit strong generalization ability to downstream tasks but struggle in few-shot scenarios. Existing prompting techniques primarily focus on global text and image representations, yet overlooking multi-modal attribute characteristics. This limitation hinders the model's ability to perceive fine-grained visual details and restricts its generalization ability to a broader range of unseen classes. To address this issue, we propose a Multi-modal Attribute Prompting method (MAP) by jointly exploring textual attribute prompting, visual attribute prompting, and attribute-level alignment. The proposed MAP enjoys several merits. First, we introduce learnable visual attribute prompts enhanced by textual attribute semantics to adaptively capture visual attributes for images from unknown categories, boosting fine-grained visual perception capabilities for CLIP. Second, the proposed attribute-level alignment complements the global alignment to enhance the robustness of cross-modal alignment for open-vocabulary objects. To our knowledge, this is the first work to establish cross-modal attribute-level alignment for CLIP-based few-shot adaptation. Extensive experimental results on 11 datasets demonstrate that our method performs favorably against state-of-the-art approaches.
description: Accepted for Publication in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology (TCSVT)
Reservoir modelling and simulation using dynamically optimised meshes
Creators: name: Osman, Hossam
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Reservoirs are inherently heterogeneous. The depositional environment, compaction, deformation and cementation can lead to spatial variability in petrophysical properties, over many orders of magnitude and length-scales, with a profound effect on the flow behaviour of the fluids flowing within it. Conventional reservoir modelling workflows have adopted k-orthogonal meshes that are fixed in time and space. Due to the complex geometries found in reservoirs and the multi-scale structure of the governing equations, a more flexible approach is needed. This thesis presents an alternative to conventional grid-based modelling and simulation workflows. SBM is used to capture geological heterogeneity at all scales that impact flow, without reference to an underlying grid. Petrophysical properties within these domains are modelled as internally homogeneous. We show that cell-to-cell variability in reservoir models is not needed to capture multi-phase flow. Instead one can use a small number of larger, internally homogeneous but geometrically complex geological domains. For flow simulations, geomodels are discretised using unstructured tetrahedral meshes and the governing equations are solved using a CVFEM. The proposed simulator incorporates DAMO, designed to tackle the unique challenges of spatially varying petrophysical properties in porous media. Multi-scale features are better captured at lower computational cost by refining the mesh resolution where/when necessary and coarsening elsewhere. Material discontinuities in porous media strongly influence multi-phase flow. Traditional CVFEM smear out jump discontinuities of saturation or concentration. The high aspect ratio elements typically required to discretise the heterogeneous domains in subsurface reservoirs are also very challenging on standard CVFEM. To overcome these issues we develop a new discretisation based on the bubble enriched FEM. This new method is able to accurately represent saturation discontinuities on geologically complex models.
Les vignes sauvages comme sources de gènes pour l'amélioration
Creators: name: Rives, M.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2017

description: Le genre Vitis existe et croît spontanément dans tout l'hémisphère nord, du Japon à la Californie, vern l'ouest, avec seulement quelques lacunes sur les continents et entre les latitudes de 10 à 55° . La diversité des milieux compris dans ce vaste domaine implique une variation génétique importante dans le genre Vitis. Ceci est renforcé par l'incidence variable des parasites suivant les régions et le développement corrélatif des résistances. Le fait que, sauf pour les Muscadiniées, il semble n'exister aucune barrière génétique entre les «espèces» de Vitis devrait rendre facile l'utilisation de cette variation pour l'amélioration. On donnera des exemples de caractères qui peuvent être recherchés chez les vignes sauvages, en essayant de sortir du cadre classique des résistances aux maladies. Une section finale sera consacrée à l'importance des V. vinifera sauvages en Europe pour la théorie de l'origine des variétés de vigne et pour l'amélioration. Wild growing vines as gene resources in breeding The genus "Vitis" is found growing spontaneously throughout the whole northern hemisphere from Japan to California, westwards, with but a few terrestrial gaps, approximately between the latitudes 100 and 550 . The variety of environments that this huge domain encompasses implies a correspondingly important genetical variation within the genus. This is only increased by the variable prevalence of parasites according to the regions, and the correlative evolution of resistances. The fact that, with the exception of Muscadinae, there seem to exist no genetic barriers between the "species" of Vitis should make it very easy to use this variation in breeding. Examples will be given of traits that may be sought for in wild growing vines, with an attempt to look beyond the now classical search for disease resistance. In a final section, interest will be focussed to the importance of wild-growing Vitis vinifera in Europe for the theory of the origin of varieties of grapes and for breeding.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 13 No. 3 (1974): Vitis
Action-selection in RoboCup Keepaway Soccer: Experimenting with Player Confidence
Creators: name: Neilson, Samara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: Through the investigation of collaborative multi-agent domains, in particular those of robot soccer and robot rescue, and the examination of many popular action-selection methodologies, this study identifies some of the issues surrounding entropy, action-selection and performance analysis. In order to address these issues, a meaningful method of on-field player evaluation, the confidence model, was first proposed then implemented as an action-selection policy. This model represented player skill through the use of percentages signifying relative strength and weakness and was implemented using a combination of ideas taken from Bayesian Theory, Neural Networks, Reinforcement Learning, Q-Learning and Potential Fields. Through the course of this study, the proposed confidence model action-selection methodology was thoroughly tested using the Keepaway Soccer Framework developed by Stone, Kuhlmann, Taylor and Liu and compared with the performance of its peers. Empirical test results were also presented, demonstrating both the viability and flexibility of this approach as a sound, homogeneous solution, for a team wishing to implement a quickly trainable performance analysis solution.
Probing the Circum-Galactic Medium with Fast Radio Bursts: Insights from the CAMELS Simulations
Creators: name: Medlock, Isabel
name: Nagai, Daisuke
name: Singh, Priyanka
name: Oppenheimer, Benjamin
name: Alcázar, Daniel Anglés
name: Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most diffuse baryons, including the circumgalactic medium (CGM) surrounding galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM) in the cosmic web, remain unmeasured and unconstrained. Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) offer an unparalleled method to measure the electron dispersion measures (DMs) of ionized baryons. Their distribution can resolve the missing baryon problem, and constrain the history of feedback theorized to impart significant energy to the CGM and IGM. We analyze the Cosmology and Astrophysics in Machine Learning (CAMEL) Simulations, using three suites: IllustrisTNG, SIMBA, and Astrid, each varying 6 parameters (2 cosmological & 4 astrophysical feedback), for a total of 183 distinct simulation models. We find significantly different predictions between the fiducial models of the suites, owing to their different implementations of feedback. SIMBA exhibits the strongest feedback, leading to the smoothest distribution of baryons, reducing the sightline-to-sightline variance in DMs between z=0-1. Astrid has the weakest feedback and the largest variance. We calculate FRB CGM measurements as a function of galaxy impact parameter, with SIMBA showing the weakest DMs due to aggressive AGN feedback and Astrid the strongest. Within each suite, the largest differences are due to varying AGN feedback. IllustrisTNG shows the most sensitivity to supernova feedback, but this is due to the change in the AGN feedback strengths, demonstrating that black holes, not stars, are most capable of redistributing baryons in the IGM and CGM. We compare our statistics directly to recent observations, paving the way for the use of FRBs to constrain the physics of galaxy formation and evolution.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, Accepted to ApJ
Untersuchungen an Wildreben in Deutschland
Creators: name: Schumann, F.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2017

description: Um Hinweise auf eine mögliche züchterische Bedeutung des Wildrebenzentrums "Oberrhein" von Vitis vinifera L. var. silvestris GMELIN zu erhalten, wird die Variabilität in den erheblich dezimierten Beständen untersucht. Gleichzeitig wird die frühere Variation an Hand der Sortimentsbeschreibung BRONNERS (1857) dargestellt. Wie die Ergebnisse zeigen, wird die von BRONNER beobachtete Variation heute zwar nicht mehr erreicht; aber sie ist groß genug, um weitere Untersuchungen zu rechtfertigen. Zur Erhaltung der Wildreben wird die Anpflanzung von Sortimenten empfohlen, die gleichzeitig für Forschungszwecke und für eine Rückpflanzung an die natürlichen Standorte verwendet werden können. Investigations on wild growing vines in Germany Variability in the rather diminished populations of wild vines, Vitis vinifera L. var. silvestris GMELIN, in the "Upper Rhine" gene reservoirs was investigated with regard to their importance for breeding. Also the former variability is shown by means of BRONNERs description of his assortment (1857). The results indicate that, though the variability observed by BRONNER does not exist at present, further investigations may be useful. In order to preserve wild growing vines they should be planted in assortments which could be used for both research purposes and replanting to their natural environment.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 13 No. 3 (1974): Vitis
The 7th International Conference on Open Repositories
Creators: name: Bando, Keita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: 2012年7月9日から13日までの5日間，英国スコットランドにあるエディンバラ大学にて第7回オープンリポジトリ国際会議（正式名称 The 7th International Conference on Open Repositories，通称 Open Repositories 2012，以下「OR2012」または「会議」と省略）が開催された（図1）1)。 リポジトリに関わる世界中の関係者（デベロッパー，ライブラリアン，研究者，学生，サービスプロバイダー等）が一堂に会する本会議は第2回以降欧米で隔年開催され続けており，2011年の第6回は米国オースティンで行われ，2012年は英国エディンバラが開催地に選ばれた。 会議は次の3部構成で開催された。 7月9～10日 プレカンファレンス（ワークショップ）7月10～12日 メインカンファレンス7月12～13日 ユーザーグループミーティング OR2012は，40か国以上から480人以上が参加した盛大な会議であった（図2）。日本からは筆者を含む10名が参加し，プレゼンテーションやポスターセッションで日本国内における取り組みを発表した。 筆者はメインカンファレンスの最初の2日間に参加し，2年連続2回目のポスター発表を行った2)。本稿では，筆者が，見聞きした範囲でOR2012を報告する。
Sensibilité de variétés de vigne (Vitis vinifera L.) à l'excoriose (Phomopsis viticola Sacci). Distribution du caractère dans quelques descendances
Creators: name: Doazan, J. P.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2017

description: On sait que l'excoriose ne présente pas la même gravité sur tous les cépages. Cependant, les observations qui sont relatées sont rares et fragmentaires c'est pourquoi nous avons entrepris de préciser le comportement d'un certain nombre de cépages de notre collection (plus de 200) vis-à-vis de cette maladie. Les notations effectuées confirment l'existence de grandes différences et ont permis de les chiffrer (notes de O à 5). On peut citer les cépages les moins sensibles: Pinot Meunier, Mourvèdre, Riesling, Cinsaut, Cabernet Franc, Ugni blanc; et parmi les plus sensibles: Chasselas, Semillon, Baroque, Gros Vert, Alphonse Lavallée, Cardinal. Ces observations, lorsqu'elles seront confirmées, pourront orienter, nous semble-t-il, l'application des méthodes de lutte à chaque cépage. Nous avons cherché, dautre part, à préciser le mode de transmission héréditaire de la réaction variétale à la maladie. Pour celà, nous avons mis au point une technique d'inoculation artificielle de rameaux herbacés en survie, assortie d'un mode de notation approprié. Les observations effectuées sur des descendants issus d'autofécondation des deux cépages Merlot et Alicante Bouschet ainsi que sur ceux issus du croisement entre ceux-ci, semblent indiquer une dominance de la moindre sensibilité à l'excoriose. Sensibility of grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) to excoriose (Phomopsis viticola Sacc.). Distribution of the character in some progenies It is known that excoriose is not equally severe to ail grape varieties. However, published observations are scanty and fragmentary; we therefore started a study on the behaviour of a number of varieties in our collection (more than 200) to this parasite. Visual scoring on a O to 5 scale confirmed the existence of important differences: Pinot Meunier, Mourvèdre, Riesling, Cinsaut, Cabernet Franc, Ugni blanc ranged among the least susceptible varieties; Baroque, Gros Vert, Alphonse Lavallée, Cardinal, Chasselas, Semillon were among the most susceptible ones. Once these observations are confirmed, they might be useful in adjusting of control methods to each variety. On the other hand, we tried to investigate the inheritance of the varietal response to the parasite. For that purpose, we devised an artificial inoculation technique using eut herbaceous shoots and a scoring scale. Observations on progenies from selfings of the varieties Merlat and Alicante Bouschet, as well as on those of the crossing between these varieties, indicate that low susceptibility to excoriose might be dominant.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 13 No. 3 (1974): Vitis
A short note on a mutation of Cheema-sahebi (Syn. Selection-7)
Creators: name: Patil, A. V.
name: Rane, D. A.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2017

description: Kurze Mitteilung iiber eine Mutante von Cheema-sahebi (Syn. Selection-7) Die Trauben- und Beerenmerkmale einer spontan entstandenen Knospenmutante der Tafeltraubensorte Cheema-sahebi werden beschrieben. Die Beeren der Mutante sind gegenüber der Ausgangsform auffällig verlängert. Während diese bei Verpackung und Transport 8-100/o ihrer Beeren verliert, zeichnet sich die Mutante durch eine hohe Haftfestigkeit ihrer Beeren aus.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 13 No. 3 (1974): Vitis