cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
THE COST OF FORWARD CONTRACTING
Creators: name: Shi, Wei
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Good, Darrel L.
name: Hagedorn, Lewis A.
name: Shi, Wei
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Good, Darrel L.
name: Hagedorn, Lewis A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The cost of forward contracting corn is estimated with weekly pre-harvest forward bases for seven regions of Illinois from 1975 to 2002. Given the panel structure of the forward basis dataset, we extend Townsend and Brorsen's univariate unit root model for forward bases to a panel unit root model. With the time series of forward bases modeled as unit root processes, the cost of forward contracting is estimated. The empirical results from the estimation show that the cost of forward contracting corn is about 1¢/bushel, one hundred days before the harvest, for all regions in Illinois as a whole. The results also indicates that the cost could vary across regions and that the cost of forward contracting could be substantially higher than that of futures hedging, especially at the beginning of the pre-harvest period.
Three undescribed phenylbutenoids derivatives from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. rhizomes and their biological activities
Creators: name: Le, Tho Huu
name: Nguyen, Mai Thanh Thi
name: Nguyen, Hai Xuan
name: Dang, Phu Hoang
name: Truong, Hai Nhung
name: Dang, Thanh Minh
name: Nguyen, Nhan Trung
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Phenylbutenoids belong to polyphenolic compounds that have demonstrated distinctive biological activities and are primarily characterised in the genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) species. From the EtOAc extract of the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., three phenylbutenoid-type compounds, cassudimin B (1), cassumunol O (2), and cassumunol P (3), were isolated, along with five known compounds (4–8). Their structures were characterised through spectroscopic evidence and reference data. Biological activity investigation revealed that compounds 4, 5, and 8 exhibited promising potential for anti-α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 151.5, 180.1, and 39.5 µM, respectively, surpassing the positive control acarbose (IC50, 190.6 µM). Additionally, compounds 3–8 displayed cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells ranging from 12.0 to 293.2 µM.
Factorization and escorting in the game-theoretical approach to non-extensive entropy measures
Creators: name: Topsoe, Flemming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The game-theoretical approach to non-extensive entropy measures of statistical physics is based on an abstract measure of complexity from which the entropy measure is derived in a natural way. A wide class of possible complexity measures is considered and a property of factorization investigated. The property reflects a separation between the system being observed and the observer. Apparently, the property is also related to escorting. It is shown that only those complexity measures which are connected with Tsallis entropy have the factorization property.
description: 7 pages, revtex4. For NEXT2005 proceedings
Multiple Outbursts of a Cataclysmic Variable in the Globular Cluster M22
Creators: name: Bond, I. A.
name: Abe, F.
name: Eguchi, S.
name: Furuta, Y.
name: Hearnshaw, J. B.
name: Kamiya, K.
name: Kilmartin, P. M.
name: Kurata, Y.
name: Masuda, K.
name: Matsubara, Y.
name: Muraki, Y.
name: Noda, S.
name: Okajima, K.
name: Rattenbury, N. J.
name: Sako, T.
name: Sekiguchi, T.
name: Sullivan, D. J.
name: Sumi, T.
name: Tristram, P. J.
name: Yanagisawa, T.
name: Yock, P. C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 4 year light curve of a cataclysmic variable in M22, based on an analysis of accumulated data from the MOA microlensing survey. The position of the star coincides with that of a transient event observed by HST in 1999, originally attributed to microlensing but later suspected to be a dwarf nova outburst. Two outburst episodes, one in 2002 and one in 2003, with $ΔI\sim3$ are seen in the MOA data thus confirming that the HST event was a dwarf nova outburst. The MOA and HST data show that this dwarf nova underwent at least three outburst episodes during 1999--2004. Further close monitoring of this event is encouraged as future outburst episodes are expected.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication ApJ letters
Supplementary Information from Zygomorphic flowers have fewer potential pollinator species
Creators: name: Yoder, Jeremy B.
name: Gomez, Giancarlo
name: Carlson, Colin J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table of data sources (Supplementary Table 1) and model-fitting results (Supplementary Tables 2-5)
Chandra Observations of SDSS J1004+4112: Constraints on the Lensing Cluster and Anomalous X-Ray Flux Ratios of the Quadruply Imaged Quasar
Creators: name: Ota, N.
name: Inada, N.
name: Oguri, M.
name: Mitsuda, K.
name: Richards, G. T.
name: Suto, Y.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Castander, F. J.
name: Fujimoto, R.
name: Hall, P. B.
name: Keeton, C. R.
name: Nichol, R. C.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Eisenstein, D. E.
name: Frieman, J. A.
name: Turner, E. L.
name: Minezaki, T.
name: Yoshii, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from Chandra observations of SDSS J1004+4112, a strongly lensed quasar system with a maximum image separation of 15". All four bright images of the quasar, as well as resolved X-ray emission originating from the lensing cluster, are clearly detected. The emission from the lensing cluster extends out to approximately 1.5 arcmin. We measure the bolometric X-ray luminosity and temperature of the lensing cluster to be 4.7e44 erg s^-1 and 6.4 keV, consistent with the luminosity-temperature relation for distant clusters. The mass estimated from the X-ray observation shows excellent agreement with the mass derived from gravitational lensing. The X-ray flux ratios of the quasar images differ markedly from the optical flux ratios, and the combined X-ray spectrum of the images possesses an unusually strong Fe Kalpha emission line, both of which are indicative of microlensing.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Version with high-quality color figures at http://cosmic.riken.jp/ota/publications/index.html
HORIZONTAL DIFFERENTIATION WITH DIFFERENTIAL INPUT COSTS: RETAIL PRICES FOR MILK BY FAT CONTENT
Creators: name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Xia, Tian
name: Carman, Hoy F.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Xia, Tian
name: Carman, Hoy F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Markets for horizontally differentiated products with differential costs are important and have unique features. This paper studies sellers' pricing strategy and market equilibrium in these markets under various competition scenarios in the context of retail milk markets. An empirical study is also conducted to examine the effects of cost factors on retail milk prices and to characterize competition in markets in four California cities.
Words ranking and Hirsch index for identifying the core of the hapaxes in political texts
Creators: name: Ficcadenti, Valerio
name: Cerqueti, Roy
name: Ausloos, Marcel
name: Dhesi, Gurjeet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper deals with a quantitative analysis of the content of official political speeches. We study a set of about one thousand talks pronounced by the US Presidents, ranging from Washington to Trump. In particular, we search for the relevance of the rare words, i.e. those said only once in each speech -- the so-called hapaxes. We implement a rank-size procedure of Zipf-Mandelbrot type for discussing the hapaxes' frequencies regularity over the overall set of speeches. Starting from the obtained rank-size law, we define and detect the core of the hapaxes set by means of a procedure based on an Hirsch index variant. We discuss the resulting list of words in the light of the overall US Presidents' speeches. We further show that this core of hapaxes itself can be well fitted through a Zipf-Mandelbrot law and that contains elements producing deviations at the low ranks between scatter plots and fitted curve -- the so-called king and vice-roy effect. Some socio-political insights are derived from the obtained findings about the US Presidents messages.
THE IMPACT OF RECOMBINANT BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN ON DAIRY FARM PROFITS: A SWITCHING REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Tauer, Loren W.
name: Tauer, Loren W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Production and profit impacts from the use of recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rbST) on dairy farms were estimated using switching regression, with separate regressions for rbST-using farms and non-rbST-using farms. To correct for potential self-selection bias, a probit adoption function was estimated and used to correct the error term in each regression equation. Farmers who use rbST were found to have more formal education and have larger dairy herds, but age was not a significant determining factor in adoption. RbST was estimated to increase milk production per cow even when correcting for the fact that rbST users would have higher milk production per cow without the use of rbST. However, that greater production per cow from rbST use did not translate into an estimated impact on profits per cow.
Gender Differences in Informal Sectors: Investigating the Driving Factors
Creators: name: Anwesha Patnaik
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140202 Economic Development and Growth
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140218 Urban and Regional Economics
subject: 140302 Econometric and Statistical Methods

description: In the midst of an era that has unleashed the rise of technology, a craze for modernity and consequently, the rise of globalization, informality in global economies continues to run rampant around the world. Informal businesses generate income without government involvement. These establishments are not regulated or overseen by the government and therefore, are not subjected to government taxation. In the past decade, the role of women in informal sectors around the world has also been evolving. In the wake of growing emerging markets particularly in Africa and South America, it has been noted that informal economies are also strengthening in size and power, with female employment making a larger impact than in years past. My research focuses on regional differences and trends in informality, and more importantly, exposes female involvement in informal sector across three different continents and more than twenty countries. This paper studies the driving factors of gender differences in informality. It delves deeper into the socioeconomic trends leading to higher percentages of women in informal sectors, besides social norms.
An Examination of Gender Wage Differences Among Graduates of the Agribusiness Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
Creators: name: Wolf, Marianne McGarry
name: Qenani-Petrela, Eivis
name: Wolf, Marianne McGarry
name: Qenani-Petrela, Eivis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: wages
subject: gender
subject: decomposition
subject: labor market

description: Utilizing an original and extended data set containing information on annual wages, demographic and personal characteristics, we examine gender differences in the wages of the graduates of the agribusiness department. The regression analysis suggests that after controlling for the main characteristics that affect earnings, significant differences in wages of men and women still remain present. This study provides new empirical evidence on the gender wage gap in the labor market for the agricultural graduates.
Outcoupling from a Bose-Einstein condensate with squeezed light to produce entangled atom laser beams
Creators: name: Haine, S. A.
name: Hope, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the properties of an atom laser produced by outcoupling from a Bose-Einstein condensate with squeezed light. We model the multimode dynamics of the output field and show that a significant amount of squeezing can be transfered from an optical mode to a propagating atom laser beam. We use this to demonstrate that two-mode squeezing can be used to produce twin atom laser beams with continuous variable entanglement in amplitude and phase.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures
MOND as Modified Inertia
Creators: name: Milgrom, Mordehai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I briefly highlight the salient properties of modified-inertia formulations of MOND, contrasting them with those of modified-gravity formulations, which describe practically all theories propounded to date. Future data (e.g. the establishment of the Pioneer anomaly as a new physics phenomenon) may prefer one of these broad classes of theories over the other. I also outline some possible starting ideas for modified inertia.
description: 7 pages, invited contribution to the proceedings of the XXIst IAP Colloquium "Mass Profiles and Shapes of Cosmological Structures", Paris 4-9 July 2005, Editors: G. Mamon, F. Combes, C. Deffayet, B. Fort, EDP Sciences, in press
Who Are More Sensitive to Food-Borne Risks in Japan, Consumers or Politicians?: A Political Economy Perspective
Creators: name: Arahata, Katsumi
name: Arahata, Katsumi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food-borne risks
subject: Politicians behaviors
subject: Prospect Theory
subject: Median Voter Theorem
subject: BSE

description: The purpose of this paper is to examine what kind of mechanism exists behind recent government decisions concerning food-borne risks in Japan. To fulfill this purpose, a conceptual model was built and applied to the contemporary Japanese political situation. Three major findings of this study are as follows: First, theoretically, excessively sensitive response to food-borne risks can be explained by the behavioral pattern presented by the Prospect Theory. There is a high possibility that politicians may magnify such consumer response if they act primary to maximize their probability of being re-elected. Secondly, when a food-borne risk is of great concern, it is possible that the politically optimum level of adopted preventive measures regarding food safety would be not only higher than the socially optimal level but also higher than the optimal level for the average consumer. On the other hand, when such concerns fall out of public eye, the outcome is the opposite. Finally, in Japan, the lack of staff with scientific expertise in consumer groups and that of such expertise among politicians' staff cannot restrain consumers from excessive responses. The administrative reform complying with the recommendation of CODEX and the general political shift may also make the matter worsen. Consequently, it is highly possible that the subjective probability perception bias in Japan is becoming greater than other countries.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Utrikesdepartementet
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1856

description: Professor Gaimard, som var leder for en ishavsekspedisjon for 17 år siden, ønsker å sende VS den fullstendige rapporten, hvis VS ikke allerede har den
A Test of the New Economics of Labor Migration Hypothesis: Evidence from Rural Kenya
Creators: name: Sindi, Kirimi
name: Kirimi, Lilian
name: Sindi, Kirimi
name: Kirimi, Lilian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: The objective of this paper is to test the new economics of labor migration theory (NELM) using panel data on rural farm households in Kenya. There are no significant migration-induced labor losses while number of migrants rather than level of remittances, positively influence crop and total farm income. Unlike findings from other studies, crop income does not decrease as migrants leave their households. The implication is that this finding may not support the predictions of NELM, that migration is associated with lost-labor effects which may be partially or fully offset by remittances. However, study findings indicate that taken together, migration and remittances play a role in production activities of migrant-sending households.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 11/01/06.
Supplementary Information from Transmission efficiency drives host–microbe associations
Creators: name: Leftwich, Philip T.
name: Edgington, Matthew P.
name: Chapman, Tracey
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Model details and methods and Supplementary figures S1-S16
AUTOMATED LEARNING INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON FRACTAL PROPERTIES
Creators: name: Fozilova, Nargiza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores the development and implementation of an automated learning information system utilizing fractal properties. By integrating principles of fractal geometry, the system aims to provide personalized and dynamic learning experiences for users, adapting content presentation and pathways based on individual learning styles and progress.
Optical and X-ray study of the peculiar high mass X-ray binary XMMU J010331.7-730144
Creators: name: Monageng, Itumeleng M.
name: Coe, Malcolm J.
name: Buckley, David A. H.
name: McBride, Vanessa A.
name: Kennea, Jamie A.
name: Udalski, Andrzej
name: Evans, Phil A.
name: Clark, J. Simon
name: Negueruela, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a long time XMMU J010331.7-730144 was proposed as a high-mass X-ray binary candidate based on its X-ray properties, however, its optical behaviour was unclear - in particular previous observations did not reveal key Balmer emission lines. In this paper we report on optical and X-ray variability of the system. XMMU J010331.7-730144 has been monitored with the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) in the I and V-bands for the past 9 years where it has shown extremely large amplitude outbursts separated by long periods of low-level flux. During its most recent optical outburst we obtained spectra with the Southern Africa Large Telescope (SALT) where, for the first time, the H-alpha line is seen in emission, confirming the Be nature of the optical companion. The OGLE colour-magnitude diagrams also exhibit a distinct loop which is explained by changes in mass-loss from the Be star and mass outflow in its disc. In the X-rays, XMMU J010331.7-730144 has been monitored by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory through the S-CUBED programme. The X-ray flux throughout the monitoring campaign shows relatively low values for a typical Be/X-ray binary system. We show, from the analysis of the optical data, that the variability is due to the Be disc density and opacity changing rather than its physical extent as a result of efficient truncation by the NS. The relatively low X-ray flux can then be explained by the neutron star normally accreting matter at a low rate due to the small radial extent of the Be disc.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Bitcoins in the Black Market: Criminal Currency in the Twenty-First Century
Creators: name: Townsend, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140302 Econometric and Statistical Methods
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140303 Economic Models and Forecasting

description: The rising price of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin has resulted in a surge in curiosity to understand the drivers of Bitcoin price. While Bitcoin prices are correlated with many measures, such as gold price and total number of Bitcoins in circulation, Bitcoin still remains a partially speculative asset. Cybercriminals favor cryptocurrencies as a form of payment. Research has shown relationships between criminal activity and Bitcoin interest, and separately Bitcoin interest and Bitcoin price. However, no previous work has shown the direct relationship between criminal activity and Bitcoin price. This research examines the relationship between Bitcoin price and criminal activity and whether the inclusion of criminal activity creates a more predictive model of Bitcoin price.
Relaxation times for Bose-Einstein condensation in axion miniclusters
Creators: name: Kirkpatrick, Kay
name: Mirasola, Anthony E.
name: Prescod-Weinstein, Chanda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Bose condensation of scalar dark matter in the presence of both gravitational and self-interactions. Axions and other scalar dark matter in gravitationally bound miniclusters or dark matter halos are expected to condense into Bose-Einstein condensates called Bose stars. This process has been shown to occur through attractive self-interactions of the axion-like particles or through the field's self gravitation. We show that in the high-occupancy regime of scalar dark matter, the Boltzmann collision integral does not describe either gravitaitonal or self-interactions, and derive kinetic equations valid for these interactions. We use this formalism to compute relaxation times for the Bose-Einstein condensation, and find that condensation into Bose stars could occur within the lifetime of the universe. The self-interactions reduce the condensation time only when they are very strong.
description: 9 pages
Nernst effect and disorder in the normal state of high-T_{c} cuprates
Creators: name: Rullier-Albenque, F.
name: Tourbot, R.
name: Alloul, H.
name: Lejay, P.
name: Colson, D.
name: Forget, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the influence of disorder induced by electron irradiation on the Nernst effect in optimally and underdoped YBa2Cu3O(7-d) single crystals. The fluctuation regime above T_{c} expands significantly with disorder, indicating that the T_{c} decrease is partly due to the induced loss of phase coherence. In pure crystals the temperature extension of the Nernst signal is found to be narrow whatever the hole doping, contrary to data reported in the low-T_{c} cuprates families. Our results show that the presence of "intrinsic" disorder can explain the enhanced range of Nernst signal found in the pseudogap phase of the latter compounds.
description: revised version. to be published in Physical Review Letters
How perception of being recognized or not recognized by instructors as a "physics person" impacts male and female students' self-efficacy and performance
Creators: name: Li, Yangqiuting
name: Whitcomb, Kyle
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a study in a first year college introductory physics course for physical science and engineering majors that shows that women, on average, feel less recognized by their physics instructors than men as students who can excel in physics. We also discuss how this lack of perceived positive recognition pertaining to physics can adversely affect their self-efficacy and performance in the course. We recommend that physics instructors not be parsimonious in their praise of students and make a conscious effort to positively recognize their students for their effort and progress whenever an opportunity arises. Interviews with female students suggest that instructors should be careful not to give unintended messages to students, e.g., by praising some students for brilliance or intelligence as opposed to their effort because praising a student for brilliance can convey to other students that they do not have what is required to excel in physics. Interviews also suggest that when students ask instructors for help on physics problems, if instructors inadvertently label those problems as "easy", "trivial" or "obvious", it can also make students feel disparaged. The perception of being belittled by these kinds of unintended comments by instructors as well as a lack of positive recognition for good effort and progress have the potential to most adversely impact students from underrepresented groups including women.
High-Dimensional Similarity Search with Quantum-Assisted Variational Autoencoder
Creators: name: Gao, Nicholas
name: Wilson, Max
name: Vandal, Thomas
name: Vinci, Walter
name: Nemani, Ramakrishna
name: Rieffel, Eleanor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in quantum algorithms and hardware indicates the potential importance of quantum computing in the near future. However, finding suitable application areas remains an active area of research. Quantum machine learning is touted as a potential approach to demonstrate quantum advantage within both the gate-model and the adiabatic schemes. For instance, the Quantum-assisted Variational Autoencoder has been proposed as a quantum enhancement to the discrete VAE. We extend on previous work and study the real-world applicability of a QVAE by presenting a proof-of-concept for similarity search in large-scale high-dimensional datasets. While exact and fast similarity search algorithms are available for low dimensional datasets, scaling to high-dimensional data is non-trivial. We show how to construct a space-efficient search index based on the latent space representation of a QVAE. Our experiments show a correlation between the Hamming distance in the embedded space and the Euclidean distance in the original space on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) dataset. Further, we find real-world speedups compared to linear search and demonstrate memory-efficient scaling to half a billion data points.
A Method for Representing Periodic Functions and Enforcing Exactly Periodic Boundary Conditions with Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Dong, Suchuan
name: Ni, Naxian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a simple and effective method for representing periodic functions and enforcing exactly the periodic boundary conditions for solving differential equations with deep neural networks (DNN). The method stems from some simple properties about function compositions involving periodic functions. It essentially composes a DNN-represented arbitrary function with a set of independent periodic functions with adjustable (training) parameters. We distinguish two types of periodic conditions: those imposing the periodicity requirement on the function and all its derivatives (to infinite order), and those imposing periodicity on the function and its derivatives up to a finite order $k$ ($k\geqslant 0$). The former will be referred to as $C^{\infty}$ periodic conditions, and the latter $C^{k}$ periodic conditions. We define operations that constitute a $C^{\infty}$ periodic layer and a $C^k$ periodic layer (for any $k\geqslant 0$). A deep neural network with a $C^{\infty}$ (or $C^k$) periodic layer incorporated as the second layer automatically and exactly satisfies the $C^{\infty}$ (or $C^k$) periodic conditions. We present extensive numerical experiments on ordinary and partial differential equations with $C^{\infty}$ and $C^k$ periodic boundary conditions to verify and demonstrate that the proposed method indeed enforces exactly, to the machine accuracy, the periodicity for the DNN solution and its derivatives.
description: 31 pages, 16 figures, 8 tables
Arbeitsbericht: Stand der Klimawandelanpassung im Oberland & im LK Landsberg am Lech
Creators: name: Schubert, Annika
name: Von Streit, Anne
name: Marth, Hannes
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2024
Subjects: Klimaanpassung
Kommunen
Kommunenbefragung

description: Report zum Stand der kommunalen Klimawandelanpassung im bayerischen Oberland und im Landkreis Landsberg am Lech
The black-disk limit in high-energy ep and pp scattering
Creators: name: Strikman, M.
name: Weiss, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a recently proposed framework for studying the approach to the unitarity limit in small-x processes in ep and pp scattering within the DGLAP approximation. Our formulation is based on the correspondence between the standard QCD factorization theorems for hard processes and the dipole picture of small-x scattering in the leading logarithmic approximation. It allows us to incorporate information about the transverse spatial distribution of gluons in the proton (GPD) from exclusive vector meson production at HERA. We show that the interaction of small-size color singlet configurations with the proton approaches the "black-disk limit" (BDL) due to the growth of the DGLAP gluon density at small x. This new dynamical regime is marginally visible in diffractive DIS at HERA, and will be fully reached in central pp collisions at LHC.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Uses aipproc.cls. Contributed to proceedings of PANIC05, Santa Fe, NM, Oct. 24-28, 2005
How Effective is Public Spending? Public Investment Composition and Rural Welfare in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mogues, Tewodaj
name: Ayele, Gezahegn
name: Paulos, Zelekawork
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Mogues, Tewodaj
name: Ayele, Gezahegn
name: Paulos, Zelekawork
name: Fan, Shenggen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Public Economics

description: One of the most important policy tools in developing countries for affecting economic growth and poverty reduction is expenditure policy. As governments decide how to allocate public spending, they need a clear understanding of how public investments translate into development outcomes. Using regional, zonal, and household-level data from Ethiopia, this paper analyses the relative returns, in terms of rural welfare, to different forms of public investment, including investment in agriculture, health, education, road infrastructure, and health.
Mothers’ "on-line" attributions as predictors of parenting response to nonproblem boys and boys with ADHD behaviour
Creators: name: Scoular, Douglas J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Factors were examined that influence mother-child interactions and the choices that mothers make in deciding how to best respond to their children's behavior. A study was conducted employing a naturalistic think aloud method to assess mothers' attributions. The Study included 45 mothers of non-problem sons and 45 mothers of sons with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). Sons ranged from 9 to 13 years of age. Mothers' instructed their sons to perform four separate task behaviors. Each mother was instructed to vocalize her thoughts as she watched her son engage in the task. At task completion, the mother was given an opportunity to provide feedback to her child regarding his task behavior. Each mother's think aloud comments were coded for descriptions of child behaviour and attributions regarding the cause of the child's behavior. In addition, the mothers' feedback comments were coded for quality of praise (Positive, Qualified, Criticism). In comparison to mothers of nonproblem sons, mothers of sons with ADHD were more likely to attribute child success to external factors. Moreover, mothers of sons with ADHD were generally more likely than mothers of nonproblem sons to attribute child failure to factors internal to the child. Hierarchical regressions were performed to examine the contributions of mothers' attributions to predicting feedback to the child above and beyond the contributions from group membership, descriptions of child behaviour and demographic variables. Results indicate that internal controllable stable attributions for success predict positive feedback Discussion of results include limitations of method and possible improvements for future studies.
Appendix from Analysis of self-equilibrated networks through cellular modelling
Creators: name: O. Aloui
name: D. Orden
name: N. Bel Hadj Ali
name: L. Rhode-Barbarigos
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90506 Structural Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Appendix A: Review of network equilibrium models; Appendix B: Proof of the generalization of the analytical solutions for the flow mode of cells of an arbitrary dimension
Arbeitsbericht: Starkregenrisikomanagement im Oberland & im LK Landsberg am Lech
Creators: name: Schubert, Annika
name: Von Streit, Anne
name: Marth, Hannes
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2024

description: Report zum zum Stand des kommunalen Starkregenrisikomanagments im bayerischen Oberland und im Landkreis Landsberg am Lech
Many-Body Topological and Skin States without Open Boundaries
Creators: name: Lee, Ching Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Robust boundary states have been the focus of much recent research, both as topologically protected states and as non-Hermitian skin states. In this work, we show that many-body effects can also induce analogs of these robust states in place of actual physical boundaries. Particle statistics or suitably engineered interactions i.e. in ultracold atomic lattices can restrict the accessible many-body Hilbert space, and introduce effective boundaries in a spatially periodic higher-dimensional configuration space. We demonstrate the emergence of topological chiral modes in a two-fermion hopping model without open boundaries, with fermion pairs confined and asymmetrically propagated by suitably chosen fluxes. Heterogeneous non-reciprocal hoppings across different particle species can also result in robust particle clumping in a translation invariant setting, reminiscent of skin mode accumulation at an open boundary. But unlike fixed open boundaries, effective boundaries correspond to the locations of impenetrable particles and are dynamic, giving rise to fundamentally different many-body vs. single-body time evolution behavior. Since non-reciprocal accumulation is agnostic to the dimensionality of restricted Hilbert spaces, our many-body skin states generalize directly in the thermodynamic limit. The many-body topological states, however, are nontrivially dimension-dependent, and their detailed exploration will stimulate further studies in higher dimensional topological invariants.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Optimal Contract Length for Voluntary Land Conservation Programs
Creators: name: Chen, Xiaoxuan
name: Ando, Amy Whritenour
name: Chen, Xiaoxuan
name: Ando, Amy Whritenour
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: In many parts of the world, deteriorating environmental conditions have led policy makers to develop policies and programs aimed at promoting conservation practices on lands devoted to agriculture. Such programs have been studied by environmental economists, but little research has been done on the usefulness of strategically varying the conservation contract's length. This paper uses theory and simulation to investigate the optimal contract length of land conservation programs when a policy maker tries to maximize the present discounted value of the stream of environmental benefits from the program. We find that contract length should vary with characteristics of the ecological processes that yield benefits from land retirement. Optimal contracts are longer when the environmental benefits in question things like woodland biodiversity take time to develop. However, it is not typically optimal to have the indefinitely lived contracts favored by some conservation groups, or even to offer contracts as long as the maturation period for the environmental services in question. In general, the optimal contract length depends on the trade off between an ecological effect (increasing the environmental benefits from one farmer) and an enrollment effect (increasing the number of farmers enrolled). Our findings also suggest that non-ecological regional characteristics (such as turnover rate and average farm income) could play an important role in the design of conservation programs.
Predictive modeling approaches in laser-based material processing
Creators: name: Velli, Maria Christina
name: Tsibidis, George D.
name: Mimidis, Alexandros
name: Skoulas, Evangelos
name: Pantazis, Yannis
name: Stratakis, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predictive modelling represents an emerging field that combines existing and novel methodologies aimed to rapidly understand physical mechanisms and concurrently develop new materials, processes and structures. In the current study, previously-unexplored predictive modelling in a key-enabled technology, the laser-based manufacturing, aims to automate and forecast the effect of laser processing on material structures. The focus is centred on the performance of representative statistical and machine learning algorithms in predicting the outcome of laser processing on a range of materials. Results on experimental data showed that predictive models were able to satisfactorily learn the mapping between the laser input variables and the observed material structure. These results are further integrated with simulation data aiming to elucidate the multiscale physical processes upon laser-material interaction. As a consequence, we augmented the adjusted simulated data to the experimental and substantially improved the predictive performance, due to the availability of increased number of sampling points. In parallel, a metric to identify and quantify the regions with high predictive uncertainty, is presented, revealing that high uncertainty occurs around the transition boundaries. Our results can set the basis for a systematic methodology towards reducing material design, testing and production cost via the replacement of expensive trial-and-error based manufacturing procedure with a precise pre-fabrication predictive tool.
description: 10 Figures
Deformation quantization and the tomographic representation of quantum fields
Creators: name: Berra-Montiel, Jasel
name: Cartas, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tomographic representation of quantum fields within the deformation quantization formalism is constructed. By employing the Wigner functional we obtain the symplectic tomogram associated with quantum fields. In addition, the tomographic version of the Wigner map allows us to compute the symbols corresponding to field operators. Finally, the functional integral representation of the tomographic star product is determined. Some possible applications of the formalism to loop quantum cosmology and loop quantum gravity are briefly discussed.
description: 11 pages, no figures
Farm Level Incidence of the U.S. Farm Policy Proposal to the WTO
Creators: name: Acmoody, Jacob
name: Balagtas, Joseph Valdes
name: Gray, Allan W.
name: Acmoody, Jacob
name: Balagtas, Joseph Valdes
name: Gray, Allan W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: A farm level simulation model is used to analyze the financial impacts of the U.S. proposal to the WTO to reduce farm subsidy payments. The impacts are examined for farms of different sizes, debt positions, and household characteristics. Results indicate that cash flow impacts of the policy change are much greater than net worth impacts.
Predicting Watershed Ecosystems Through Targeted Local Land Use Policies
Creators: name: Langpap, Christian
name: Hascic, Ivan
name: Wu, JunJie
name: Langpap, Christian
name: Hascic, Ivan
name: Wu, JunJie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Land-use change is arguably the most pervasive socioeconomic force driving the change and degradation of watershed ecosystems. This paper combines an econometric model of land use choice with three models of watershed health indicators (conventional water pollution, toxic water pollution, and the number of aquatic species at risk) to examine the effects of land use policies on watershed ecosystems through their effect on land use choice. The analysis is conducted using parcel-level data from four western states in the United States (California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho). Our results suggest that incentive-based local land use policies, such as development impact fees and preferential property taxation, are most effective in improving water quality and decreasing the number of species at risk if targeted according to the current land use mix in the watersheds, while policies that attempt to change the returns to agricultural and forest land, such as reforestation payments or agricultural subsidies, are ineffective in any watershed.
Photoevaporation Flows in Blister HII Regions: I. Smooth Ionization Fronts and Application to the Orion Nebula
Creators: name: Henney, W. J.
name: Arthur, S. J.
name: Garcia-Diaz, Ma. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present hydrodynamical simulations of the photoevaporation of a cloud with large-scale density gradients, giving rise to an ionized, photoevaporation flow. The flow is found to be approximately steady during the large part of its evolution, during which it can resemble a "champagne flow" or a "globule flow" depending on the curvature of the ionization front. The distance from source to ionization front and the front curvature uniquely determine the structure of the flow, with the curvature depending on the steepness of the lateral density gradient in the neutral cloud. We compare these simulations with both new and existing observations of the Orion nebula and find that a model with a mildly convex ionization front can reproduce the profiles of emission measure, electron density, and mean line velocity for a variety of emitting ions on scales of 10^{17} to 10^{18} cm. The principal failure of our model is that we cannot explain the large observed widths of the [O I] 6300 Angstrom line that forms at the ionization front.
description: 21 pages, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
A high order kinetic flow solver based on flux reconstruction framework
Creators: name: Li, Ji
name: Zhong, Chengwen
name: Liu, Sha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B40, 76M12, 35Q20

description: The goal of this paper is to develop a high order numerical method based on Kinetic Inviscid Flux (KIF) method and Flux Reconstruction (FR) framework. The KIF aims to find a balance between the excellent merits of Gas-Kinetic Scheme (GKS) and the lower computational costs. The idea of KIF can be viewed as an inviscid-viscous splitting version of the gas-kinetic scheme, and Shu and Ohwada have made the fundamental contribution. The combination of Totally Thermalized Transport (TTT) scheme and Kinetic Flux Vector Splitting (KFVS) method are achieved in KIF. Using a coefficient which is related to time step $δt$ and averaged collision time $τ$, KIF can adjust the weights of TTT and KFVS flux in the simulation adaptively. By doing the inviscid-viscous splitting, KIF is very suitable and easy to integrate into the existing framework. The well understood FR framework is used widely for the advantages of robustness, economical costs and compactness. The combination of KIF and FR is originated by three motivations. The first purpose is to develop a high order method based on the gas kinetic theory. The second reason is to keep the advantages of GKS. The last aim is that the designed method should be more efficient. In present work, we use the KIF method to replace the Riemann flux solver applied in the interfaces of elements. The common solution at the interface is computed according to the gas kinetic theory, which makes the combination of KIF and FR scheme more reasonable and available. The accuracy and performance of present method are validated by several numerical cases. The Taylor-Green vortex problem has been used to verify its potential to simulate turbulent flows.
description: 33 Pages, 21 Figures
80. Neutron stars and pulsars
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Apart from the Crab, pulsars are not bright enough to be observed by Gaia. But more than 20 binary pulsar companions have been identified in Gaia DR2. Astrometry provides crucial input to models of supernova core collapse and their equation of state, their orbital decay and spin-down rates, and their birth sites.
Search for the pentaquark candidate $Θ^+$(1540) in the hyperon beam experiment WA89
Creators: name: Adamovich, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a high-statistics search for the \t1540 resonance in $Σ^-$-nucleus collisions at 340 \gevc1 . No evidence for this resonance was found in our data sample which contains 13 millions $K^0_s \to π^+π^- $ decays above background. For the decay channel $Θ^+ \to K^0_s p$ and the kinematic range $x_F>$ 0.05 we find the production cross section to be $BR(Θ^+ \to K^0_s p)\cdot σ_0
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL SUPPORT FOR EDUCATIONAL WORK IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS
Creators: name: Khudayberdiev, Abdurashid
name: Ochilov, Bokhodir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The article discusses issues of developing the activities of the structure operating in the educational direction in the educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, as well as addressing some shortcomings in this area.