cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Crossover in a Trapped Atomic Gas
Creators: name: Hadzibabic, Zoran
name: Krüger, Peter
name: Cheneau, Marc
name: Battelier, Baptiste
name: Dalibard, Jean B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Any state of matter is classified according to its order, and the kind of order a physical system can posses is profoundly affected by its dimensionality. Conventional long-range order, like in a ferromagnet or a crystal, is common in three-dimensional (3D) systems at low temperature. However, in two-dimensional (2D) systems with a continuous symmetry, true long-range order is destroyed by thermal fluctuations at any finite temperature. Consequently, in contrast to the 3D case, a uniform 2D fluid of identical bosons cannot undergo Bose-Einstein condensation. Nevertheless, it can form a "quasi-condensate" and become superfluid below a finite critical temperature. The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) theory associates this phase transition with the emergence of a topological order, resulting from the pairing of vortices with opposite circulations. Above the critical temperature, proliferation of unbound vortices is expected. Here we report the observation of a BKT-type crossover in a trapped quantum degenerate gas of rubidium atoms. Using a matter wave heterodyning technique, we observe both the long-wavelength fluctuations of the quasi-condensate phase and the free vortices. At low temperatures, the gas is quasi-coherent on the length scale set by the system size. As the temperature is increased, the loss of long-range coherence coincides with the onset of proliferation of free vortices. Our results provide direct experimental evidence for the microscopic mechanism underlying the BKT theory, and raise new questions regarding coherence and superfluidity in mesoscopic systems.
description: accepted for publication in Nature
DNA Codes that Avoid Secondary Structures
Creators: name: Milenkovic, Olgica
name: Kashyap, Navin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the problem of designing DNA sequences (codewords) for DNA storage systems and DNA computing that are unlikely to fold back onto themselves to form undesirable secondary structures. The paper addresses both the issue of enumerating the sequences with such properties and the problem of practical code construction.
description: to appear in Proc. 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, Adelaide, Australia, Sept. 4-9, 2005; 5 pages
A strongly hyperbolic and regular reduction of Einstein's equations for axisymmetric spacetimes
Creators: name: Rinne, Oliver
name: Stewart, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is concerned exclusively with axisymmetric spacetimes. We want to develop reductions of Einstein's equations which are suitable for numerical evolutions. We first make a Kaluza-Klein type dimensional reduction followed by an ADM reduction on the Lorentzian 3-space, the (2+1)+1 formalism. We include also the Z4 extension of Einstein's equations adapted to this formalism. Our gauge choice is based on a generalized harmonic gauge condition. We consider vacuum and perfect fluid sources. We use these ingredients to construct a strongly hyperbolic first-order evolution system and exhibit its characteristic structure. This enables us to construct constraint-preserving stable outer boundary conditions. We use cylindrical polar coordinates and so we provide a careful discussion of the coordinate singularity on axis. By choosing our dependent variables appropriately we are able to produce an evolution system in which each and every term is manifestly regular on axis.
description: 22 pages, to appear in Class. Quantum Grav. 22
Confronting the Magnetar Interpretation of Fast Radio Bursts Through Their Host Galaxy Demographics
Creators: name: Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Heintz, Kasper E.
name: Fong, Wen-fai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the prompt magnetar progenitor scenario in the context of fast radio burst (FRB) host galaxies demographics and offset distributions. Magnetars are neutron stars with strong magnetic fields on the order of $10^{15}$ G with a short decay lifetime of less than $10^4$ years. Due to their extremely short lifetimes, magnetars should follow the demographics of galaxies according to their current star-formation rate (SFR). Moreover, we hypothesize that magnetars should follow the SFR profile within galaxies, which we assume to follow an exponential profile. We construct a simple model for the host galaxies of magnetars assuming these events track SFR in all galaxies and compare it to observed properties from a sample of \nsecure\ secure FRB hosts. We find the distribution of observed SFRs is inconsistent with the model at $>95\%$ c.l. The offset distribution is consistent with this scenario; however, this could be due to the limited sample size and the seeing limited estimates for the effective radii of the FRB host galaxies. Despite the recent association of an FRB with a magnetar in the Milky Way, magnetars may not be the only source of FRBs in the universe, yet any other successful model must account for the demographics of the FRB host in SFR and their observed galactocentric offsets.
description: Accepted for publication at ApJ Letters
Dynamics of Water Confined in Mesopores with Variable Surface Interaction
Creators: name: Jani, Aicha
name: Busch, Mark
name: Mietner, J Benedikt
name: Ollivier, Jacques
name: Appel, Markus
name: Frick, Bernhard
name: Zanotti, Jean-Marc
name: Ghoufi, Aziz
name: Huber, Patrick
name: Fröba, Michael
name: Morineau, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the dynamics of liquid water confined in mesostructured porous silica (MCM-41) and periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) by incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering experiments. The effect of tuning the water/surface interaction from hydrophilic to more hydrophobic on the water mobility, while keeping the pore size in the range 3.5-4.1 nm, was assessed from the comparative study of three PMOs comprising different organic bridging units and the purely siliceous MCM-41 case. An extended dynamical range was achieved by combining time-of-flight (IN5B) and backscattering (IN16B) quasielastic neutron spectrometers providing complementary energy resolutions. Liquid water was studied at regularly spaced temperatures ranging from 300 K to 243 K. In all systems, the molecular dynamics could be described consistently by the combination of two independent motions resulting from fast local motion around the average molecule position and the confined translational jump diffusion of its center of mass. All the molecules performed local relaxations, whereas the translational motion of a fraction of molecules was frozen on the experimental timescale. This study provides a comprehensive microscopic view on the dynamics of liquid water confined in mesopores, with distinct surface chemistries, in terms of non-mobile/mobile fraction, self-diffusion coefficient, residence time, confining radius, local relaxation time, and their temperature dependence. Importantly, it demonstrates that the strength of the water/surface interaction determines the long-time tail of the dynamics, which we attributed to the translational diffusion of interfacial molecules, while the water dynamics in the pore center is barely affected by the interface hydrophilicity.
ระบบผู้เชี่ยวชาญสำหรับระบุพันธุ์เห็ดในประเทศไทย
Creators: name: วีณาวดี  ม่วงอ้น
name: กรัญญา  สิทธิสงวน
name: เสาวลักษณ์  อร่ามพงศานุวัต
Publisher: name: Industrial Technology Lampang Rajabhat University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Expert system, Mushroom identification system, Mushroom expert system

description: 2, 8, วารสารวิชาการคณะเทคโนโลยีอุตสาหกรรม  มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏลำปาง
Years Delayed X-ray Afterglows of TDEs Originated from Wind-Torus Interactions
Creators: name: Mou, Guobin
name: Dou, Liming
name: Jiang, Ning
name: Wang, Tinggui
name: Guo, Fulai
name: Wang, Wei
name: Wang, Hu
name: Shu, Xinwen
name: He, Zhicheng
name: Zhang, Ruiyu
name: Sun, Luming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occurred in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are a special class of sources with outstanding scientific significance. TDEs can generate ultrafast winds, which should almost inevitably collide with the preexisting AGN dusty tori. We perform analytical calculations and simulations on the wind-torus interactions and find such a process can generate considerable X-ray afterglow radiation several years or decades later after the TDE outburst. This provides a new origin for the years delayed X-rays in TDEs. The X-ray luminosity can reach 10^{41-42} erg/s, and the light curve characteristics depend on the parameters of winds and tori. We apply the model to two TDE candidates, and provide lower limits on the masses of the disrupted stars, as well as rigorous constraints on the gas densities of tori. Our results suggest that the observations of the time delay, spectral shape, luminosity and the light curve of the X-ray afterglow can be used to constrain the physical parameters of both TDE winds and tori, including the wind velocity, wind density and torus density.
description: 13 pages, submitted to ApJ
Homogeneous Poisson Structures on Loop Spaces of Symmetric Spaces
Creators: name: Pickrell, Doug
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is a sequel to [Caine A., Pickrell D., arXiv:0710.4484], where we studied the Hamiltonian systems which arise from the Evens-Lu construction of homogeneous Poisson structures on both compact and noncompact type symmetric spaces. In this paper we consider loop space analogues. Many of the results extend in a relatively routine way to the loop space setting, but new issues emerge. The main point of this paper is to spell out the meaning of the results, especially in the SU(2) case. Applications include integral formulas and factorizations for Toeplitz determinants.
description: This is a contribution to the Special Issue on Kac-Moody Algebras and Applications, published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Twin GEM-TPC prototype (HGB4) beam test at GSI - a development for the Super-FRS at FAIR
Creators: name: Garcia, F.
name: Turpeinen, R.
name: Lauhakangas, R.
name: Tuominen, E.
name: Heino, J.
name: Äystö, J.
name: Grahn, T.
name: Rinta-Antilla, S.
name: Jokinen, A.
name: Janik, R.
name: Strmen, P.
name: Pikna, M.
name: Sitar, B.
name: Voss, B.
name: Kunkel, J.
name: Kleipa, V.
name: Gromliuk, A.
name: Risch, H.
name: Kaufeld, I.
name: Caesar, C.
name: Simons, C.
name: Kis, M.
name: Prochazka, A.
name: Nociforo, C.
name: Pietri, S.
name: Simon, H.
name: Schmidt, C. J.
name: Hoffmann, J.
name: Rusanov, I.
name: Kurz, N.
name: Skott, P.
name: Minami, S.
name: Winkler, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
First beam test of a Cherenkov detector prototype for a TOF measurements at the Super-FRS
Creators: name: Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein, N.
name: Ferber, N.
name: Fiks, E.
name: Kaufeld, I.
name: Voss, B.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Agents.jl: A performant and feature-full agent based modelling software of minimal code complexity
Creators: name: Datseris, George
name: Vahdati, Ali R.
name: DuBois, Timothy C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Agent based modelling is a simulation method in which autonomous agents interact with their environment and one another, given a predefined set of rules. It is an integral method for modelling and simulating complex systems, such as socio-economic problems. Since agent based models are not described by simple and concise mathematical equations, code that generates them is typically complicated, large, and slow. Here we present Agents.jl, a Julia-based software that provides an ABM analysis platform with minimal code complexity. We compare our software with some of the most popular ABM software in other programming languages. We find that Agents.jl is not only the most performant, but also the least complicated software, providing the same (and sometimes more) features as the competitors with less input required from the user. Agents.jl also integrates excellently with the entire Julia ecosystem, including interactive applications, differential equations, parameter optimization, and more. This removes any ``extensions library'' requirement from Agents.jl, which is paramount in many other tools.
description: SIMULATION. January 2022
Development of a large area TEGIC-detector for heavy ions
Creators: name: Maurus, S.
name: Gernhäuser, R.
name: Winkel, M.
name: Maier, L.
name: Winkler, S.
name: Nociforo, C.
name: Pietri, S.
name: Hucka, J.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Developing countries and the international copyright regime : the neglected issue of cultural survival
Creators: name: Sundara Rajan, Mira T.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: My thesis is concerned with the impact of the new international copyright regime established by the TRIPs Agreement on culture in developing countries. It argues that the TRIPs Agreement, to an unprecedented degree, imposes a rigid view of what constitutes culture on members of the WTO. In particular, the Agreement imposes Western, industrialized concepts, principles, and standards of intellectual property protection on developing countries. Since intellectual property rules are subject to the general mechanisms for dispute settlement and the enforcement of rulings at the WTO, the vision of culture embodied in the TRIPs Agreement is potentially coercive. In view of these developments, moral rights have become an area of growing importance for cultural policy. Moral rights have traditionally been closely linked to the protection of culture, due to their fundamental emphasis on the "non-economic" interests of authors and artists. The de facto exclusion of moral rights from the TRIPs system also accords them a new importance in relation to culture, as a potential area of relative independence for WTO members in the development of cultural policy. This thesis examines the basic question of whether developing countries can make use of moral rights protections in their copyright laws to improve the situation of culture under the TRIPs regime. In analyzing this question, my thesis considers in detail the treatment of moral rights in a representative developing country, India. It argues that India's historical experiences and cultural characteristics, as well as its historic leadership in copyright matters among developing countries, make it a highly relevant example for the majority of the developing world. My thesis argues that moral rights can make a substantial contribution to the state of culture in developing countries, and that moral rights doctrine should be developed as an important part of their cultural policies. This conclusion is based on three findings. First, moral rights doctrine shares some fundamental points of compatibility with traditional approaches to culture in many developing countries. Secondly, leading developing countries have already shown a basic commitment to moral rights doctrine in their copyright laws, and in the judicial development of moral rights protections. Finally, moral rights allow developing countries a degree of independence from the requirements of the new international intellectual property regime in formulating their cultural policies.
Direct mass measurements from Uranium projectile and fission fragments in ground and isomeric state
Creators: name: Hornung, C.
name: Ayet, S.
name: Ebert, J.
name: Dickel, T.
name: Geissel, H.
name: Haettner, E.
name: Miskun, I.
name: Pietri, S.
name: Plaß, W.
name: Purushothaman, S.
name: Reiter, M. P.
name: Rink, A.
name: Scheidenberger, C.
name: Weick, H.
name: Dendooven, P.
name: Diwisch, M.
name: Greiner, F.
name: Heiße, F.
name: Jesch, C.
name: Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.
name: Knöbel, R.
name: Lang, J.
name: Lippert, W.
name: Moore, I.
name: Pikhtelev, A.
name: Pohjalainen, I.
name: Prochazka, A.
name: Ranjan, M.
name: Takechi, M.
name: Winfield, J.
name: Xu, X.
name: Yavor, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
A robust solution of a statistical inverse problem in multiscale computational mechanics using an artificial neural network
Creators: name: Pled, Florent
name: Desceliers, Christophe
name: Zhang, Tianyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work addresses the inverse identification of apparent elastic properties of random heterogeneous materials using machine learning based on artificial neural networks. The proposed neural network-based identification method requires the construction of a database from which an artificial neural network can be trained to learn the nonlinear relationship between the hyperparameters of a prior stochastic model of the random compliance field and some relevant quantities of interest of an ad hoc multiscale computational model. An initial database made up with input and target data is first generated from the computational model, from which a processed database is deduced by conditioning the input data with respect to the target data using the nonparametric statistics. Two-and three-layer feedforward artificial neural networks are then trained from each of the initial and processed databases to construct an algebraic representation of the nonlinear mapping between the hyperparameters (network outputs) and the quantities of interest (network inputs). The performances of the trained artificial neural networks are analyzed in terms of mean squared error, linear regression fit and probability distribution between network outputs and targets for both databases. An ad hoc probabilistic model of the input random vector is finally proposed in order to take into account uncertainties on the network input and to perform a robustness analysis of the network output with respect to the input uncertainties level. The capability of the proposed neural network-based identification method to efficiently solve the underlying statistical inverse problem is illustrated through two numerical examples developed within the framework of 2D plane stress linear elasticity, namely a first validation example on synthetic data obtained through computational simulations and a second application example on real experimental data obtained through a physical experiment monitored by digital image correlation on a real heterogeneous biological material (beef cortical bone).
Staniloae, Dumitru: Orthodoxe Dogmatik
Creators: name: Wendebourg, Dorothea
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 35 Nr. 1 (1986): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 35, Heft 1
Local and nonlocal spin Seebeck effect in lateral Pt-$\mathrm{Cr_2O_3}$-Pt devices at low temperatures
Creators: name: Muduli, Prasanta
name: Schlitz, Richard
name: Kosub, Tobias
name: Hübner, René
name: Erbe, Artur
name: Makarov, Denys
name: Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied thermally driven magnon spin transport (spin Seebeck effect, SSE) in heterostructures of antiferromagnetic $α$-$\mathrm{Cr_2O_3}$ and Pt at low temperatures. Monitoring the amplitude of the local and nonlocal SSE signals as a function of temperature, we found that both decrease with increasing temperature and disappear above 100 K and 20 K, respectively. Additionally, both SSE signals show a tendency to saturate at low temperatures. The nonlocal SSE signal decays exponentially for intermediate injector-detector separation, consistent with magnon spin current transport in the relaxation regime. We estimate the magnon relaxation length of our $α$-$\mathrm{Cr_2O_3}$ films to be around 500 nm at 3 K. This short magnon relaxation length along with the strong temperature dependence of the SSE signal indicates that temperature-dependent inelastic magnon scattering processes play an important role in the intermediate range magnon transport. Our observation is relevant to low-dissipation antiferromagnetic magnon memory and logic devices involving thermal magnon generation and transport.
description: Accepted in APL Materials, For Supplementary Material see published version
Thermaization and extraction of $^{238}$U projectile and fission fragments produced at 1000 MeV/u in the prototype cryogenic stopping cell for the LEB
Creators: name: Reiter, M. P.
name: Rink, A.
name: Amjad, F.
name: Ayet San Andres, S.
name: Bergman, J.
name: Dendooven, P.
name: Dickel, T.
name: Diwisch, M.
name: Ebert, J.
name: Estrade, A.
name: Farinon, F.
name: Geissel, H.
name: Greiner, F.
name: Haettner, E.
name: Heisse, F.
name: Hornung, C.
name: Jesch, C.
name: Kalantar, N.
name: Knöbel, R.
name: Kurcewicz, J.
name: Lang, J.
name: Lippert, W.
name: Miskun, I.
name: Moore, I.
name: Mukha, I.
name: Nociforo, Chiara
name: Petrick, M.
name: Pfuetzner, M.
name: Pietri, S.
name: Plaß, W.
name: Pohjalainen, I.
name: Prochazka, A.
name: Purushothaman, S.
name: Ranjan, M.
name: Rinta-Antila, S.
name: Scheidenberger, C.
name: Takechi, M.
name: Tanaka, Y. K.
name: Weick, H.
name: Winfield, J.
name: Xu, X.
name: Yavor, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
An RFQ based beam line and mass filter to improve identification capabilities at the diagnostics unit of the prototype CSC for the LEB
Creators: name: Miskun, I.
name: Reiter, M. P.
name: Rink, A.
name: Dickel, T.
name: Ayet, S.
name: Ebert, J.
name: Geissel, H.
name: Greiner, F.
name: Haettner, E.
name: Hornung, C.
name: Plaß, W.
name: Purushothaman, S.
name: Scheidenberger, C.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Scaling behavior of the directed percolation universality class
Creators: name: Lubeck, S.
name: Willmann, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider five different lattice models which exhibit continuous phase transitions into absorbing states. By measuring certain universal functions, which characterize the steady state as well as the dynamical scaling behavior, we present clear numerical evidence that all models belong to the universality class of directed percolation. Since the considered models are characterized by different interaction details the obtained universal scaling plots are an impressive manifestation of the universality of directed percolation.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics B
Comparison between instrumental variable and mediation-based methods for reconstructing causal gene networks in yeast
Creators: name: Ludl, Adriaan-Alexander
name: Michoel, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Causal gene networks model the flow of information within a cell, but reconstructing them from omics data is challenging because correlation does not imply causation. Combining genomics and transcriptomics data from a segregating population allows to orient the direction of causality between gene expression traits using genomic variants. Instrumental-variable methods (IV) use a local expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) as a randomized instrument for a gene's expression level, and assign target genes based on distal eQTL associations. Mediation-based methods (ME) additionally require that distal eQTL associations are mediated by the source gene. Here we used Findr, a software providing uniform implementations of IV, ME, and coexpression-based methods, a recent dataset of 1,012 segregants from a cross between two budding yeast strains, and the YEASTRACT database of known transcriptional interactions to compare causal gene network inference methods. We found that causal inference methods result in a significant overlap with the ground-truth, whereas coexpression did not perform better than random. A subsampling analysis revealed that the performance of ME decreases at large sample sizes, due to a loss of sensitivity when residual correlations become significant. IV methods contain false positive predictions, due to genomic linkage between eQTL instruments. IV and ME methods also have complementary roles for identifying causal genes underlying transcriptional hotspots. IV methods correctly predicted STB5 targets for a hotspot centred on the transcription factor STB5, whereas ME failed due to Stb5p auto-regulating its own expression. ME suggests a new candidate gene, DNM1, for a hotspot on Chr XII, where IV methods could not distinguish between multiple genes located within the hotspot.
Comparison of Chemical Freeze-Out Criteria in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Cleymans, J.
name: Oeschler, H.
name: Redlich, K.
name: Wheaton, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most remarkable results to emerge from heavy-ion collisions over the past two decades is the striking regularity shown by particle yields at all energies. This has led to several very successful proposals describing particle yields over a very wide range of beam energies, reaching from 1 A GeV up to 200 A GeV, using only one or two parameters. A systematic comparison of these proposals is presented here. The conditions of fixed energy per particle, baryon+anti-baryon density, normalized entropy density as well as percolation model are investigated. The results are compared with the most recent chemical freeze-out parameters obtained in the thermal-statistical analysis of particle yields. The sensitivity and dependence of the results on parameters is analyzed and discussed. It is shown that in the energy range above the top AGS energy, within present accuracies, all chemical freeze-out criteria give a fairly good description of the particle yields. However, the low energy heavy-ion data favor the constant energy per particle as a unified condition of chemical particle freeze-out. This condition also shows the weakest sensitivity on model assumptions and parameters.
description: 15 pages 7 figures uses revtex
Great Lakes environmental policy : the ecosystem approach and an economic perspective
Creators: name: Jutlah, Russell Sean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is concerned with the conceptual foundations of environmental law and policy in the Great Lakes basin, the world's largest freshwater ecosystem. The Great Lakes regime is now widely recognized as one of the most advanced international environmental management regimes in existence. Over the past two decades, toxic contamination has emerged as a highly pressing ecological issue in the Great Lakes basin. In Canada and the United States, the ecosystem approach, a comprehensive and integrated approach to environmental management, has been adopted both bilaterally and domestically in the Great Lakes' complex environmental policy framework to guide the protection of ecological integrity. There has been extensive discussion of the ecosystem approach, particularly from scientific and managerial perspectives; however, the economic content of the concept has been largely neglected, despite the importance of considering all relevant perspectives in the development of law and policy. This thesis is divided into five chapters. After discussing in Chapter 1 the ecological and institutional contexts and methodological issues of the analysis, this thesis defends, in Chapter 2, the view that economic theory has relevance to issues of environmental law and policy. In addition to highlighting the main contours of welfare and environmental economic theory, a main conclusion, and an essential premise upon which the analysis proceeds, is that economics remains a useful analytical approach to environmental issues, despite some important criticisms. Subsequently, in Chapter 3, the analysis shifts to an examination of four bilateral and domestic Great Lakes instruments that form the core of Great Lakes toxic pollution policy: (i) the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement; (ii) the Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy; (iii) the Canada-Ontario Agreement; and (iv) the Final Water Quality Guidance for the Great Lakes System. After outlining key principles underpinning each instrument, the thesis underscores common themes running through the collective policy framework. The ecosystem approach constitutes a unifying concept in this framework. The ecosystem approach is examined from an economic perspective in Chapter 4. After identifying key elements of the ecosystem approach, this chapter highlights important parallels between fundamental welfare and environmental economic notions. One main conclusion is that economic concepts and approaches, such as environmental valuation, externalities, and self-interest, form an integral part of the ecosystem approach. Finally, Chapter 5 identifies some directions for further research. Given that, as the thesis seeks to establish, economic theory constitutes an important, albeit not sole, perspective on the ecosystem approach, a key challenge will be to facilitate interdisciplinary analysis and cooperation leading to effective operationalization of the concept.
Exit rights open complex pathways to cooperation
Creators: name: Shen, Chen
name: Jusup, Marko
name: Shi, Lei
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Perc, Matjaz
name: Holme, Petter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolutionary dynamics of the prisoner's dilemma game in which cooperators and defectors interact with another actor type called exiters. Rather than being exploited by defectors, exiters exit the game in favour of a small payoff. We find that this simple extension of the game allows cooperation to flourish in well-mixed populations when iterations or reputation are added. In networked populations, however, the exit option is less conducive to cooperation. Instead, it enables the coexistence of cooperators, defectors, and exiters through cyclic dominance. Other outcomes are also possible as the exit payoff increases or the network structure changes, including network-wide oscillations in actor abundances that may cause the extinction of exiters and the domination of defectors, although game parameters should favour exiting. The complex dynamics that emerges in the wake of a simple option to exit the game implies that nuances matter even if our analyses are restricted to incentives for rational behaviour.
Target Tracking in UWB Multistatic Radars
Creators: name: Sobhani, Bita <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: ING-INF/03 Telecomunicazioni

description: Detection, localization and tracking of non-collaborative objects moving inside an area is of great interest to many surveillance applications. An ultra-
wideband (UWB) multistatic radar is considered as a good infrastructure
 for such anti-intruder systems, due to the high range resolution provided by
 the UWB impulse-radio and the spatial diversity achieved with a multistatic
 configuration.
Detection of targets, which are typically human beings, is a challenging
 task due to reflections from unwanted objects in the area, shadowing, antenna
 cross-talks, low transmit power, and the blind zones arised from intrinsic peculiarities of UWB multistatic radars.

Hence, we propose more effective detection, localization, as well as clutter
 removal techniques for these systems. However, the majority of the thesis
 effort is devoted to the tracking phase, which is an essential part for improving
 the localization accuracy, predicting the target position and filling out the
 missed detections.

Since UWB radars are not linear Gaussian systems, the widely used tracking filters, such as the Kalman filter, are not expected to provide a satisfactory performance. Thus, we propose the Bayesian filter as an appropriate
 candidate for UWB radars. In particular, we develop tracking algorithms
 based on particle filtering, which is the most common approximation of
 Bayesian filtering, for both single and multiple target scenarios. Also, we
 propose some effective detection and tracking algorithms based on image
 processing tools.

We evaluate the performance of our proposed approaches by numerical
 simulations. Moreover, we provide experimental results by channel measurements for tracking a person walking in an indoor area, with the presence of a
 significant clutter. We discuss the existing practical issues and address them by proposing more robust algorithms.
General Gauge Mediation
Creators: name: Meade, Patrick
name: Seiberg, Nathan
name: Shih, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a general definition of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking which encompasses all the known gauge mediation models. In particular, it includes both models with messengers as well as direct mediation models. A formalism for computing the soft terms in the generic model is presented. Such a formalism is necessary in strongly-coupled direct mediation models where perturbation theory cannot be used. It allows us to identify features of the entire class of gauge mediation models and to distinguish them from specific signatures of various subclasses.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure, minor changes
Natural Hot Ion Modes in a Rotating Plasma
Creators: name: Kolmes, E. J.
name: Ochs, I. E.
name: Mlodik, M. E.
name: Fisch, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In steady state, the fuel cycle of a fusion plasma requires inward particle fluxes of fuel ions. These particle flows are also accompanied by heating. In the case of classical transport in a rotating cylindrical plasma, this heating can proceed through several distinct channels depending on the physical mechanisms involved. Some channels directly heat the fuel ions themselves, whereas others heat electrons. Which channel dominates depends, in general, on the details of the temperature, density, and rotation profiles of the plasma constituents. However, remarkably, under relatively few assumptions concerning these profiles, if the alpha particles, the byproducts of the fusion reaction, can be removed directly by other means, a hot-ion mode tends to emerge naturally.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Bosonization of non-relativstic fermions in 2-dimensions and collective field theory
Creators: name: Dhar, Avinash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit bosonization of non-relativistic fermions in one space dimension. Our motivation is the recent work on bubbling half-BPS geometries by Lin, Lunin and Maldacena (hep-th/0409174). After reviewing earlier work on exact bosonization in terms of a noncommutative theory, we derive an action for the collective field which lives on the droplet boundaries in the classical limit. Our action is manifestly invariant under time-dependent reparametrizations of the boundary. We show that, in an appropriate gauge, the classical collective field equations imply that each point on the boundary satisfies Hamilton's equations for a classical particle in the appropriate potential. For the harmonic oscillator potential, a straightforward quantization of this action can be carried out exactly for any boundary profile. For a finite number of fermions, the quantum collective field theory does not reproduce the results of the exact noncommutative bosonization, while the latter are in complete agreement with the results computed directly in the fermi theory.
description: references added and typos corrected; 21 pages, 3 figures, epsf
Liberismo economico ed alea nel contratto
Economic liberalism and risk in the contract
Creators: name: Belli, Guido <1986>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: IUS/01 Diritto privato

description: La tesi analizza il rapporto tra rischio e liberalismo economico nel contratto e la qualificazione giuridica dei contratti in prodotti finanziari derivati.
description: The thesis analyzes the relationship between risk and economic liberalism in the contract and the legal classification of financial derivatives.
On the local birth place of Geminga
Creators: name: Pellizza, L. J.
name: Mignani, R. P.
name: Grenier, I. A.
name: Mirabel, I. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using estimates of the distance and proper motion of Geminga and the constraints on its radial velocity posed by the shape of its bow shock, we investigate its birth place by tracing its space motion backwards in time. Our results exclude the lambda Ori association as the origin site because of the large distance between both objects at any time. Our simulations place the birth region at approximately 90-240 pc from the Sun, between 197 degrees and 199 degrees in Galactic longitude and -16 degrees and -8 degrees in latitude, most probably inside the Cas-Tau OB association or the Ori OB1a association. We discard the possibility of the progenitor being a massive field star. The association of Geminga with either stellar association implies an upper limit of M = 15 Msun for the mass of its progenitor. We also propose new members for the Cas-Tau and Ori OB1 associations.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Antigone e le altre. Figure mitiche al femminile nei saggi di Margarete Susman
Creators: name: Lozzi, Giuliano
Publisher: name: Firenze University Press
Year: 2015
Subjects: Antigone; Jewish Studies; Margarete Susman; Myths; Women Studies

description: In Margarete Susman’s theoretical and political essays and studies, classical and mythological figures such as Antigone, Pythia, Diotima and Undine become symbols for women’s situation as well as the broader cultural, political and social sphere. The connection between these mythological themes and the intimate, spiritual and intellectual evolution of the author herself signals the originality of her work in women’s studies in general, in women’s literature theory and in mythological studies. This article aims to illustrate the symbolic reading of female mythical figures in Margarete Susman’s writings, also focusing on the connection between mythos and the cultural importance of the maternal function. The icons of the feminine are also objects of Margarete Susman’s writing, addressing questions about the connection of religious attitudes and socio-cultural determined thought.
description: LEA - Lingue e Letterature d'Oriente e d'Occidente, Vol 4 (2015)
Highly connected manifolds with positive Ricci curvature
Creators: name: Boyer, Charles P
name: Galicki, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C25, 57R55

description: We prove the existence of Sasakian metrics with positive Ricci curvature on certain highly connected odd dimensional manifolds. In particular, we show that manifolds homeomorphic to the 2k-fold connected sum of S^{2n-1} x S^{2n} admit Sasakian metrics with positive Ricci curvature for all k. Furthermore, a formula for computing the diffeomorphism types is given and tables are presented for dimensions 7 and 11.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 29 November 2006
$T\bar{T}$-deformed 2D Yang-Mills at large N: collective field theory and phase transitions
Creators: name: Gorsky, A.
name: Pavshinkin, D.
name: Tyutyakina, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the $T\bar T$ deformation of 2d large $N$ YM theory on a cylinder, sphere and disk. The collective field theory Hamiltonian for the deformed theory is derived and the particular solutions to the equations of motion of the collective theory are found for the sphere. The account of the non-perturbative branch of the solution amounts to the first-order phase transition at the $(A,τ)$ plane. We analyze the third-order phase transition in the deformed theory on the disk and derive the critical area as a function of the boundary holonomy. A kind of Hagedorn behavior in the spectral density is discussed.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures; v3: minor corrections
Magnetars and Axion-like Particles: Probes with the Hard X-ray Spectrum
Creators: name: Fortin, Jean-François
name: Guo, Huai-Ke
name: Harris, Steven P.
name: Sheridan, Elijah
name: Sinha, Kuver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quiescent hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray emission from neutron stars constitute a promising frontier to explore axion-like-particles (ALPs). ALP production in the core peaks at energies of a few keV to a few hundreds of keV; subsequently, the ALPs escape and convert to photons in the magnetosphere. The emissivity goes as $\sim T^6$ while the conversion probability is enhanced for large magnetic fields, making magnetars, with their high core temperatures and strong magnetic fields, ideal targets for probing ALPs. We compute the energy spectrum of photons resulting from conversion of ALPs in the magnetosphere and then compare it against hard X-ray data from NuSTAR, INTEGRAL, and XMM-Newton, for a set of eight magnetars for which such data exists. Upper limits are placed on the product of the ALP-nucleon and ALP-photon couplings. For the production in the core, we perform a calculation of the ALP emissivity in degenerate nuclear matter modeled by a relativistic mean field theory. The reduction of the emissivity due to improvements to the one-pion exchange approximation is incorporated, as is the suppression of the emissivity due to proton superfluidity in the neutron star core. A range of core temperatures is considered, corresponding to different models of the steady heat transfer from the core to the stellar surface. For the subsequent conversion, we solve the coupled differential equations mixing ALPs and photons in the magnetosphere. The conversion occurs due to a competition between the dipolar magnetic field and the photon refractive index induced by the external magnetic field. Semi-analytic expressions are provided alongside the full numerical results. We also present an analysis of the uncertainty on the axion limits we derive due to the uncertainties in the magnetar masses, nuclear matter equation of state, and the proton superfluid critical temperature.
description: v1: 44 pages, 15 figures. Comments welcome v2: Updated version with uncertainty bands on ALP couplings coming from different choices of the nuclear equation of state, the mass of the magnetar, and the model of proton singlet superfluidity. Calculation of n+p-->n+p+a clarified. Version matches that published in JCAP
Nuclear resonance fluorescence of $^{208}$Pb in heavy-ion colliders
Creators: name: Dmitrieva, Uliana
name: Pshenichnov, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In ultraperipheral collisions (UPC) of nuclei the impact of Lorentz-contracted electromagnetic fields of collision partners leads to their excitations. In case of heavy nuclei the emission of neutrons is a main deexcitation channel and forward neutrons emitted in UPC were detected at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) and at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by means of Zero Degree Calorimeters. However, the excitation of low-lying discrete nuclear states is also possible in UPC below the neutron separation energy. In this work by means of the Weizsacker-Williams method the data on nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) induced by real photons in 208 Pb are used to model the excitations of discrete levels in colliding nuclei. Due to Lorentz boosts one can expect that deexcitation photons with energies up to 40 GeV and 300 GeV are emitted in very forward direction, respectively, at the LHC and at the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh). Energy, rapidity and angular distributions of such photons are calculated in the laboratory system, which can be used for monitoring of collider luminosity or triggering particle production in UPC.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, calculations for FCC-hh has been added in figures