cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Concentration-time extrapolation of short-term inhalation exposure levels: dimethyl sulfide, a case study using a chemical-specific toxic load exponent
Creators: name: Demchuk, Eugene
name: Ball, Shannon L.
name: Le, San L.
name: Prussia, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: Dimethyl sulfide (DMS, CAS 75-18-3) is an industrial chemical. It is both an irritant and neurotoxicant that may be life-threatening because of accidental release. The effects of DMS on public health and associated public health response depend on the exposure concentration and duration. However, currently, public health advisory information exists for only a 1 h exposure duration, developed by the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA). In the present work, the AIHA-reviewed data were computationally extrapolated to other common short-term durations. Methods: The extrapolation was carried out using the toxic load equation, Cn × t = TL, where C and t are exposure concentration and duration, TL is toxic load, and n is a chemical-specific toxic load exponent derived in the present work using probit meta-analysis. The developed threshold levels were vetted against the AIHA database of clinical and animal health effects induced by DMS. Results: Tier-1 levels were derived based on human exposures that resulted in an easily detectable odor, because DMS is known to have a disagreeable odor that may cause nausea. Tier-2 levels were derived from the lower 95% confidence bounds on a benchmark concentration that caused 10% incidence (BMCL10) of coma in rats during a 15 min inhalation exposure to DMS. Tier-3 levels were based on a BMCL05 for mortality in rats. Conclusion: Emergency responders and health assessors may consider these computationally derived threshold levels as a supplement to traditional chemical risk assessment procedures in instances where AIHA developed public health advisory levels do not exist.
Lattice-Friendly Gauge Completion of a Composite Higgs with Top Partners
Creators: name: Gertov, Helene
name: Nelson, Ann E.
name: Perko, Ashley
name: Walker, Devin G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give an explicit example of a composite Higgs model with a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Higgs in which the top Yukawa coupling is generated via the partial compositeness mechanism. This mechanism requires composite top partners which are relatively light compared to the typical mass scale of the strongly coupled theory. While most studies of the phenomenology of such models have focused on a bottom-up approach with a minimal effective theory, a top-down approach suggests that that the theory should contain a limit in which an unbroken global chiral symmetry protects the mass of the top partners, and the spectrum of the partners satisfies `t Hooft matching conditions. We therefore consider a model for the UV gauge group which could provide a solution to the matching conditions, and note that the relatively light fermions and pseudo-Goldstone bosons fall into complete multiplets of a large approximate global symmetry. This implies that the spectrum of particles lighter than a few TeV is non-minimal. Our example illustrates likely features of a composite Higgs theory, and also serves as an example of a non-chiral theory with no sign problem and a possible solution to `t Hooft matching conditions. It would therefore be very interesting for a lattice exploration. We find in this example that for some low-energy parameters in the effective theory the top partners can decay into high multiplicity final states, which could be difficult for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to constrain. This may potentially allow for the top partners to be lighter than those in more minimal models.
description: 12 pages; edited to clarify assumptions of model (conclusions unchanged)
Additional file 1: of Glial pathology and retinal neurotoxicity in the anterior visual pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Creators: name: Jin, Jing
name: Smith, Matthew
name: Kersbergen, Calvin
name: Kam, Tae-In
name: Viswanathan, Mayuri
name: Martin, Kyle
name: Dawson, Ted
name: Dawson, Valina
name: Zack, Donald
name: Whartenby, Katharine
name: Calabresi, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology

description: Figure S1. Semi-automated analysis of Brn3a-postive retinal ganglion cell density across whole flat mount retinas. a Whole flat mount retina stained with 3 different antibodies, NeuN, a neuronal specific marker, and RBPMS and Brn3a, RGC specific markers. Scale bar =50 μm. b Comparison of RGC number from automatic and manual count in random selected EAE (n = 5, red labels) and wild-type mice (n = 6, blue labels). c Comparison of RGC density in subregions of whole retina from automatic and manual count in random selected EAE (n = 5) and wild-type mice (n = 6). Automated analysis accurately reflected regional differences. d The RGC density between left and right retinas of the same mouse were comparable. e Comparision of RGC number counted by different persons. N.S. = no significant difference. (PDF 890 kb)
Parabuthus cimrmani Kovarik 2004
Creators: name: Kovařík, František
name: Lowe, Graeme
name: Plíšková, Jana
name: Šťáhlavský, František
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Buthidae
Parabuthus
Parabuthus cimrmani

description: Parabuthus cimrmani Kovařík, 2004
(Figs. 36–39, 88, 172–173, 188, 197, 204)
 Parabuthus cimrmani Kovařík, 2004: 15–19, figs. 1–5, table 1.
TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Somalia, Maxaans env; FKCP
 TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Somalia, Maxaans env., 1972, 1♂ 1♀ (Figs. 36–39, 88, 172–173, 188, 197, holotype and allotypic paratype), FKCP.
DIAGNOSIS. Adults from 83 mm (male) to 85.3 mm (female) long. Base color uniformly yellow to yellowish brown, only fourth and fifth metasomal segments and telson dark. Pectine teeth number 61–62 in male and 32– 33 in female. Stridulatory area present on dorsal surface of first and second segments, absent on third segment in female and small, in a disc only, in male. Metasoma densely hirsute. Movable finger of pedipalp more than twice as long as manus, bearing 14 rows of granules which include external and internal granules. Manus of pedipalp smooth and very narrow in both sexes, pedipalp chela length/ width ratio 5.90 in male and 7.42 in female. Tarsomere I of all legs with bristlecombs.
DISTRIBUTION. Somalia.
description: Published as part of Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Plíšková, Jana & Šťáhlavský, František, 2016, Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part VII. Parabuthus Pocock, 1890 (Buthidae) with description of P. hamar sp. n. and P. kajibu sp. n. from Ethiopia, pp. 1-58 in Euscorpius 228 on page 19
Parabuthus liosoma
Creators: name: Kovařík, František
name: Lowe, Graeme
name: Plíšková, Jana
name: Šťáhlavský, František
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Buthidae
Parabuthus
Parabuthus liosoma

description: Parabuthus liosoma (Ehrenberg, 1828)
TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Arabia, 1♀ im. (holotype), ZMHB No. 129.
 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. Saudi Arabia, Isola Seir Farasãn Kebir, 1juv. Yemen Arab Republic, near Sana´a, 12.XI.2003, 1♀, leg. P. Kabátek and D. Král; Wādī Ānis 60 km SW San’ā’, 15°00'N 44°09'E, 1522 m a.s.l., 7.X.2005, 1♀, leg. P. Kabátek; S Nuqbah (S Habbān), 18°04'N 51°31'E, 970 m a.s.l., 22.X.2005, 1juv., leg. P. Kabátek; Abyan gov., 22.–23.X.2005, Lawdar W env., 13°52'36"N 045°48'01"E, 1151 m a.s.l., 3♀, leg. D. Král; Al Hudaydah gov., 31.X.–1.XI.2005, Al Munirah env., 15°20'10"N 042°50'12"E, 21 m a.s.l., 1juv. (Fig. 7), leg. D. Král; Al Hudaydah gov., Djabal bura mts (Riqab env.), 14°53'N 043°24'E, 225–600 m a.s.l., 19.–22. III.2007, 1juv., leg. D. Král; Al Hudaydah gov., Wadi Zabid (E Zabid), 14°09'N 043°31'E, 325 m a.s.l., 22.–23. III.2007, 1im., leg. D. Král; Al Hudaydah gov., 10 km W Al Manşuriah, 14°43'N 43°12'E, 110 m a.s.l., 8. IV.2007, 3♂ (Figs. 164–165, 180, 183, 193), leg. P. Kabátek, 2♀, leg. D. Král. All specimens are in the first authors collection (FKCP).
description: Published as part of Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Plíšková, Jana & Šťáhlavský, František, 2016, Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part VII. Parabuthus Pocock, 1890 (Buthidae) with description of P. hamar sp. n. and P. kajibu sp. n. from Ethiopia, pp. 1-58 in Euscorpius 228 on page 50
Tunable Circular Dichroism and Valley Polarization in the Modified Haldane Model
Creators: name: Vila, Marc
name: Hung, Nguyen Tuan
name: Roche, Stephan
name: Saito, Riichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the polarization dependence of optical absorption for the modified Haldane model, which exhibits antichiral edge modes in presence of sample boundaries and has been argued to be realizable in transition metal dichalcogenides or Weyl semimetals. A rich optical phase diagram is unveiled, in which the correlations between perfect circular dichroism, pseudospin and valley polarization can be tuned independently upon varying the Fermi energy. Importantly, perfect circular dichroism and valley polarization are achieved simultaneously. This unprecedented combination of optical properties suggests some interesting novel photonic device functionality (e.g. light polarizer) which could be combined with valleytronics applications (e.g. generation of valley currents).
description: Published in Phys. Rev. B 99, 161404(R)
Quasiparticle Localization in Disordered d-Wave Superconductors
Creators: name: Zhu, Jian-Xin
name: Sheng, D. N.
name: Ting, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extensive numerical study is reported on disorder effect in two-dimensional d-wave superconductors with random impurities in the unitary limit. It is found that a sharp resonant peak shows up in the density of states at zero energy and correspondingly the finite-size spin conductance is strongly enhanced which results in a non-universal feature in one-parameter scaling. However, all quasiparticle states remain localized, indicating that the resonant density peak alone is not sufficient to induce delocalization. In the weak disorder limit, the localization length is so long that the spin conductance at small sample size is close to the universal value predicted by Lee (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 71}, 1887 (1993)).
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Multimodal fission from self-consistent calculations
Creators: name: Lay, Daniel
name: Flynn, Eric
name: Agbemava, Sylvester
name: Godbey, Kyle
name: Nazarewicz, Witold
name: Giuliani, Samuel A.
name: Sadhukhan, Jhilam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When multiple fission modes coexist in a given nucleus, distinct fragment yield distributions appear. Multimodal fission has been observed in a number of fissioning nuclei spanning the nuclear chart, and this phenomenon is expected to affect the nuclear abundances synthesized during the rapid neutron-capture process (r-process). In this study, we generalize the previously proposed hybrid model for fission-fragment yield distributions to predict competing fission modes and estimate the resulting yield distributions. Our framework allows for a comprehensive large-scale calculation of fission fragment yields suited for r-process nuclear network studies. Nuclear density functional theory is employed to obtain the potential energy and collective inertia tensor on a multidimensional collective space defined by mass multipole moments. Fission pathways and their relative probabilities are determined using the nudged elastic band method. Based on this information, mass and charge fission yields are predicted using the recently developed hybrid model. Fission properties of fermium isotopes are calculated in the axial quadrupole-octupole collective space for three energy density functionals (EDFs). Disagreement between the EDFs appears when multiple fission modes are present. Within our framework, the UNEDF1$_{\textrm{HFB}}$ EDF agrees best with experimental data. Calculations in the axial quadrupole-octupole-hexadecapole collective space improve the agreement with the experiment for SkM$^{*}$. We also discuss the sensitivity of fission predictions on the choice of EDF for several superheavy nuclei. Fission fragment yield predictions for nuclei with multiple fission modes are sensitive to the underlying EDF. For large-scale calculations in which a minimal number of collective coordinates is considered, UNEDF1$_{\textrm{HFB}}$ provides the best description of experimental data.
Persistence of gaps in the interacting Hofstadter model
Creators: name: Mastropietro, Vieri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy spectrum of the Hofstadter model has a fractal structure with infinitely many gaps. We prove the persistence of each gap in presence of Hubbard interaction in the case of small transversal hopping, even when the coupling is much larger than the non interacting gaps. The proof relies on a subtle interplay of Renormalization Group arguments combined with number-theoretic properties of the incommensurate frequencies.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Atomic structure of silver chloride formed on Ag(111) surface upon low temperature chlorination
Creators: name: Andryushechkin, B. V.
name: Eltsov, K. N.
name: Shevlyuga, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of AgCl formed in the course of chlorine adsorption on Ag(111) surface was studied by STM. For the first time atomic resolution STM images of silver chloride were obtained. The silver chloride was detected as small (30-60 A in diameter) islands located on the atomic terraces. The upper plane of the islands was found to be AgCl(111) with interatomic distance close to the bulk value. The chloride surface lattice was not rotated with respect to the substrate. A possible mechanism of AgCl growth on Ag(111) is discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures Surface Science to be published (IVC-14)
Parabuthus maximus Werner 1913
Creators: name: Kovařík, František
name: Lowe, Graeme
name: Plíšková, Jana
name: Šťáhlavský, František
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Buthidae
Parabuthus
Parabuthus maximus

description: Parabuthus maximus Werner, 1913
 MATERIAL EXAMINED. Kenya, Voi (Tsavo), 8.- 18.XI.1996, 1♂, 10.XII.1999, 1♂ (Figs. 86 and 184) 1♀ 1juv., leg. M. Snížek. Tanzania, Arusha, 1950, 1♂ (Fig. 182); Arusha-Namanga, 6.IV.1997, 1♂, leg. K. Werner et R. Lízler; 2002, 1♂ 1♀, 2004, 1♂ 4ims. All specimens are in the first authors collection (FKCP).
description: Published as part of Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Plíšková, Jana & Šťáhlavský, František, 2016, Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part VII. Parabuthus Pocock, 1890 (Buthidae) with description of P. hamar sp. n. and P. kajibu sp. n. from Ethiopia, pp. 1-58 in Euscorpius 228 on page 50
Making history safe for democracy : understanding Alexis de Tocqueville's "profoundly ambiguous" theory of history
Creators: name: Wensveen, Jonathan Andrew
name: 0000-0001-8730-1989
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Tocqueville
History

description: This dissertation examines the problem of historical determinism in the political thought of Alexis de Tocqueville. In Volume 2 of Democracy in America, Tocqueville criticizes historians in democratic centuries for undermining man’s belief in his ability to control his own fate by reducing both individuals and nations alike to the playthings of either an “inflexible providence” or “blind fatality.” And yet, as a cursory reading of both the Introduction to Democracy in America and the Introduction to The Ancien Regime and the Revolution reveals, Tocqueville himself appears to engage in the same practice. Whereas in the former he argues that men are but “blind instruments in the hands of God,” in the latter he argues that men are being “driven by an unknown force.” As many scholars therefore note, there appears to be a contradiction at the heart of Tocqueville’s thought: on the one hand, he is overtly critical of historical determinism; on the other hand, he appears to embrace some form of it. The question that this dissertation therefore addresses is: how should we understand this contradiction given Tocqueville’s oft-stated claim that his overriding concern, as both a statesman and a writer, is for the preservation of “liberty and human dignity” in a democratic age? Does Tocqueville differ from the democratic historians he criticizes? Or does he too succumb to what he calls the “mania of the century” and advance a theory of history that, whether he realizes it or not, reduces both individuals and nations alike to cogs in a historical machine?
PRINCIPAIS TERAPIAS NÃO CIRÚRGICAS USADAS NO TRATAMENTO DA DOR EM PACIENTES COM HÉRNIA DISCAL
Creators: name: Costa, Bruna Luiza da Silva
name: Silva, Nataly Araújo Da
name: Costa, Jefferson Rodrigo Oliveira da
name: Ferreira, Iwry Hamuraby Souza
name: Castro, Guilherme Marinelli Bonilha de
name: Neto, José Cromwell Soares Pacífico
name: Cortez, Rafaela Soares
name: Almeida, Darci Cardoso de Macêdo Sá , Centro Universitário Uninovafapi.
name: Silva, Yasmin dos Santos Carvalho e
name: Sousa, Ellayne Beatriz Nunes de
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Qualidade de Vida
Terapêutica
Sinais e Sintomas
Saúde
Dor

description: Introdução: A hérnia de disco ocorre quando o núcleo gelatinoso no centro do disco intervertebral se projeta através de uma fissura no anel exterior. Essa protrusão do disco, pode comprimir os nervos próximos à coluna vertebral, resultando em uma série de sintomas dolorosos e debilitantes. Essa patologia, pode afetar significativamente a qualidade de vida de uma pessoa, limitando sua capacidade de realizar atividades cotidianas e causando um constante desconforto físico. Portanto, um diagnóstico precoce e um plano de tratamento adequado são essenciais para gerenciar essa condição de forma eficaz e melhorar o bem-estar do paciente. Objetivo: Destacar as principais terapias não cirúrgicas utilizadas para o controle da dor em pacientes com hérnia discal. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada por meio da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) nas bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE. Foram encontrados 47 artigos, sendo selecionados 8, através do cruzamento simultâneo entre os descritores “Therapeutic Approaches” AND “Intervertebral Disc Displacement” AND NOT “Surgical Procedures, Operative”. Quanto aos critérios de inclusão, introduziram-se artigos com texto completo. Resultados e Discussão: Dentre as principais abordagens terapêuticas não cirúrgicas, destacam-se a reabilitação biopsicossocial multidisciplinar e as injeções epidurais, cujas evidências de melhora da dor são moderadas e não há uma superioridade quando comparadas as intervenções cirúrgicas. Foram citados também, a terapia medicamentosa e as múltiplas terapias físicas e comportamentais, as quais tiveram evidências limitadas de melhora do estímulo doloroso. Em menor relevância, foi elencado o uso de ozonioterapia, o qual demonstrou ser um tratamento seguro com efeitos benéficos no controle da dor, entretanto necessita de mais evidências cientificas para sua solidificação. Conclusão: A dor causada pela hérnia discal é, em alguns casos, incessante e limitante, tornando o seu tratamento essencial para a qualidade de vida das pessoas afetas por ela. Assim, esse estudo listou como melhores terapias não cirúrgicas para controle dessa patologia, a reabilitação biopsicossocial multidisciplinar e as injeções epidurais, as quais obtivem resultados moderados. Outras abordagens terapêuticas foram elencadas, no entanto não tiveram uma melhora nítida do estimulo doloroso ou necessitam, ainda, de mais solidificação cientificas para sua consolidação como forma terapêutica.
Do angular momentum induced ellipticity correlations contaminate weak lensing measurements?
Creators: name: Natarajan, Priyamvada
name: Crittenden, Robert G.
name: Pen, Ue-Li
name: Theuns, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alignments in the angular momentum vectors of galaxies can induce large scale correlations in their projected orientations. Such alignments arise from the tidal torques exerted on neighboring proto-galaxies by the smoothly varying shear field. Weak gravitational lensing can also induce ellipticity correlations since the images of neighboring galaxies will be distorted coherently by the intervening mass distribution. Comparing these two sources of shape correlations, it is found that for current weak lensing surveys with a median redshift of 1, the intrinsic signal is a contaminant on the order of 1-10% of the measured signal. However, for shallower surveys, the intrinsic correlations dominate over the lensing signal. The distortions induced by lensing are curl-free, whereas those resulting from intrinsic alignments are not. This difference can be used to disentangle these two sources of ellipticity correlations. When the distortions are dominated by lensing, as occurs at high redshifts, the decomposition provides a valuable tool for understanding properties of the noise and systematic errors.
description: 4 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures, OzLens Workshop proceedings
Improved Methods of Displaying and Handling Produce in Retail Food Stores
Creators: name: Anderson, Dale
name: Shaffer, P.
name: Volz, M.
name: Anderson, Dale
name: Shaffer, P.
name: Volz, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report Summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate conventional display procedures and to develop and test improved equipment, display methods, workplace arrangement, and work organization. Detailed studies were made in retail stores of 12 large food chains and voluntary food store organizations. Numerous other studies were made in various other stores throughout the United States. An analysis of all produce labor in four retail food stores indicated about one-third of this time was spent on display work in bulk produce stores and about one-fourth in prepack stores. Demonstrating in two supermarkets the improved methods of produce display outlined below resulted in 23 and 28 percent savings in labor. These savings amounted to 26 and 30 hours per 1,000 cases of produce handled. When the tray display method was used together with rolling bins for potatoes and onions, an additional 8 to 19 hours per 1,000 cases was saved. Additional benefits were noted in increased rotation of product and better maintenance of displays.
Philanthropy – The North East Story
Creators: name: Harvey, Charles
name: Maclean, Mairi
name: Price, Michael
name: Harizanova, Vesela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 150304 Entrepreneurship
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: History
subject: 160805 Social Change
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 140203 Economic History

description: This paper surveys the history of philanthropy in the North East of England over a period of more than 900 years, from the time the North East was brought under Norman control (thirty years or so after the Conquest of 1066) down to the present. We paint a broad picture of the role philanthropy has played in the region across the ages, and demonstrate how past endeavours continue to enrich present lives. On the basis of the evidence presented we draw 10 main conclusions: (1) The North East has a long and rich history of philanthropy; (2) There are distinctive aspects to philanthropy in the North East stemming from the concentration of power in the hands of the Bishops of Durham and the merchant community of Newcastle; (3) Enterprise is the motor force of philanthropy; (4) Philanthropy is a major source of social innovation; (5) Social activism is essential to the success of philanthropic ventures; (6) Philanthropy is not just about mega-donors. (7) Prestigious institutions are magnets for philanthropy; (8) Institutions founded on philanthropy must adapt to survive; (9) Philanthropy is a two-way street: improving the lives of beneficiaries while a source of intense satisfaction for donors; (10) Philanthropy in the past lives on in the present. We conclude by answering four fundamental questions about the past, present and future of philanthropy, and present a summary table highlighting the main domains of philanthropy across the more than nine centuries.
Effective long distance $q\bar{q} $ potential in holographic RG flows
Creators: name: Casalderrey-Solana, Jorge
name: Gutiez, Diego
name: Hoyos, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the $q\bar{q}$ potential in strongly coupled non-conformal field theories with a non-trivial renormalization group flow via holography. We focus on the properties of this potential at an inter-quark separation $L$ large compared to the characteristic scale of the field theory. These are determined by the leading order IR physics plus a series of corrections, sensitive to the properties of the RG-flow. To determine those corrections, we propose a general method applying holographic Wilsonian renormalization to a dual string. We apply this method to examine in detail two sets of examples, $3+1$-dimensional theories with an RG flow ending in an IR fixed point; and theories that are confining in the IR, in particular, the Witten QCD and Klebanov-Strassler models. In both cases, we find corrections with a universal dependence on the inter-quark separation. When there is an IR fixed point, that correction decays as a power $\sim 1/L^4$. We explain that dependence in terms of a double-trace deformation in a one-dimensional defect theory. For a confining theory, the decay is exponential $\sim e^{-ML}$, with $M$ a scale of the order of the glueball mass. We interpret this correction using an effective flux tube description as produced by a background internal mode excitation induced by sources localized at the endpoints of the flux tube. We discuss how these results could be confronted with lattice QCD data to test whether the description of confinement via the gauge/gravity is qualitatively correct.
description: 34 pages, 1 figure, new appendix with RG flow equation for the action and next order correction, references added, published version
Magnetic fluctuations in 2D metals close to the Stoner instability
Creators: name: Narozhny, B. N.
name: Aleiner, I. L.
name: Larkin, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effect of potential disorder on magnetic properties of a two-dimensional metallic system (with conductance $g\gg 1$) when interaction in the triplet channel is so strong that the system is close to the threshold of the Stoner instability. We show, that under these conditions there is an exponentially small probability for the system to form local spin droplets which are local regions with non zero spin density. Using a non-local version of the optimal fluctuation method we find analytically the probability distribution and the typical spin of a local spin droplet (LSD). In particular, we show that both the probability to form a LSD and its typical spin are independent of the size of the droplet (within the exponential accuracy). The LSDs manifest themselves in temperature dependence of observable quantities. We show, that below certain cross-over temperature the paramagnetic susceptibility acquires the Curie-like temperature dependence, while the dephasing time (extracted from magneto-resistance measurements) saturates.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Spectral correlations in systems undergoing a transition from periodicity to disorder
Creators: name: Dittrich, T.
name: Mehlig, B.
name: Schanz, H.
name: Smilansky, Uzy
name: Pollner, Peter
name: Vattay, Gabor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectral statistics for extended yet finite quasi 1-d systems which undergo a transition from periodicity to disorder. In particular we compute the spectral two-point form factor, and the resulting expression depends on the degree of disorder. It interpolates smoothly between the two extreme limits -- the approach to Poissonian statistics in the (weakly) disordered case, and the universal expressions derived for the periodic case. The theoretical results agree very well with the spectral statistics obtained numerically for chains of chaotic billiards and graphs.
description: 16 pages, Latex
Anisotropic structural dynamics of monolayer crystals revealed by femtosecond surface x-ray scattering
Creators: name: Tung, I-Cheng
name: Krishnamoorthy, Aravind
name: Sadasivam, Sridhar
name: Zhou, Hua
name: Zhang, Qi
name: Seyler, Kyle L.
name: Clark, Genevieve
name: Mannebach, Ehren M.
name: Nyby, Clara
name: Ernst, Friederike
name: Zhu, Diling
name: Glownia, James M.
name: Kozina, Michael E.
name: Song, Sanghoon
name: Nelson, Silke
name: Kumazoe, Hiroyuki
name: Shimojo, Fuyuki
name: Kalia, Rajiv K.
name: Vashishta, Priya
name: Darancet, Pierre
name: Heinz, Tony F.
name: Nakano, Aiichiro
name: Xu, Xiaodong
name: Lindenberg, Aaron M.
name: Wen, Haidan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray scattering is one of the primary tools to determine crystallographic configuration with atomic accuracy. However, the measurement of ultrafast structural dynamics in monolayer crystals remains a long-standing challenge due to a significant reduction of diffraction volume and complexity of data analysis, prohibiting the application of ultrafast x-ray scattering to study nonequilibrium structural properties at the two-dimensional limit. Here, we demonstrate femtosecond surface x-ray diffraction in combination with crystallographic model-refinement calculations to quantify the ultrafast structural dynamics of monolayer WSe$_2$ crystals supported on a substrate. We found the absorbed optical photon energy is preferably coupled to the in-plane lattice vibrations within 2 picoseconds while the out-of-plane lattice vibration amplitude remains unchanged during the first 10 picoseconds. The model-assisted fitting suggests an asymmetric intralayer spacing change upon excitation. The observed nonequilibrium anisotropic structural dynamics in two-dimensional materials agrees with first-principles nonadiabatic modeling in both real and momentum space, marking the distinct structural dynamics of monolayer crystals from their bulk counterparts. The demonstrated methods unlock the benefit of surface sensitive x-ray scattering to quantitatively measure ultrafast structural dynamics in atomically thin materials and across interfaces.
Eusarima Yang 1994
Creators: name: Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Issidae
Eusarima

description: Genus Eusarima Yang, 1994
 Eusarima Yang, 1994: 108 (in CHAN & YANG 1994). Type species: Eusarima contorta Yang, 1994 (in CHAN & YANG 1994), by original designation.
 Nepalius Dlabola, 1997: 309. Type species: Nepalius hellerianus Dlabola, 1997, by original designation and monotypy. Treated as a valid subgenus of Eusarima by GNEZDILOV & MOZAFFARIAN (2011).
description: Published as part of Gnezdilov, Vladimir M., 2013, New synonyms and combinations for the planthopper genus Eusarima (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae), pp. 485-492 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2) on page 486, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5739625
Improved Methods of Displaying and Handling Produce in Retail Food Stores
Creators: name: Anderson, Dale
name: Shaffer, P.
name: Volz, M
name: Anderson, Dale
name: Shaffer, P.
name: Volz, M
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: Retail produce departments usually account for 8 to 12 percent of retail food store sales. The labor-cost percentage in this department is one of the highest in the store. Much of this labor, in a bulk produce department, is used in displaying the produce and in materials-handling directly related to display work. Attractive produce displays add to the overall appearance of the store and create greater acceptability of the merchandise by the consumer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and develop improved produce display procedures. Detailed studies were made in several stores of 12 large corporate and voluntary retail food organizations. Numerous studies were conducted in other stores throughout the United States, and improved methods, procedures, and equipment were developed for handling produce in the backroom and display area. These improved procedures were installed in a number of stores, and detailed records were kept of production and yields. Comparisons were then made with conventional operations by means of time-study procedures.
Mesoscopic Spin Tunneling in Molecular Crystals
Creators: name: Barbara, B.
name: Chiorescu, I.
name: Giraud, R.
name: Jansen, A. G. M.
name: Caneschi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of Quantum Tunneling of Mesoscopic Spins is reviewed in the light of the behavior of the archetype of these systems: the molecular complex Mn12-ac. Most observations can be understood in the framework of the reduced Hilbert space dimension 2S+1=21. Due to the large spin S=10, the energy barrier preventing spin rotation is large, and as a consequence, quantum relaxation is very slow. The application of a magnetic field of a few Tesla below 1 K allows to observe tunneling (i) between the states m=-10 and m=10-n with n=8 to 11 if the field is longitudinal, or (ii) between the two ground-states m~-10 and m~10 if the field is transverse. The crossover temperature between ground-state and thermally assisted tunneling in a longitudinal field extrapolates in zero field at ~1.7 K. The observation of square root relaxation at short-times/low-temperatures and of exponential relaxation at long-times/high-temperatures, as observed previously above 1.5 K, confirms the important role of the spin bath dynamics which is out of equilibrium in the first regime and at equilibrium in the second one. In a second part of this paper a new molecule, so-called V15, with resultant spin S=1/2 is investigated. Contrary to high spin molecules, the energy barrier of low spin molecules is small or null, and the splitting between the symmetrical and anti-symmetrical states is sufficiently large to allow spin-phonon transitions during spin rotation. In low spin molecules the coupling to the environment is quite different from the one found in large spin molecules in low fields.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, to appear in The J. of Phys. Soc. of Japan, proc. of The Workshop on Frontiers in Magnetism, October 4-7, 1999, Kyoto, Japan
Modular extension of topological orders from congruence representations
Creators: name: Seo, Donghae
name: You, Minyoung
name: Cho, Gil Young
name: Kim, Hee-Cheol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an efficient method to compute the modular extension of both fermionic topological orders and $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric bosonic topological orders in two spatial dimensions, basing on congruence representations of $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ and its subgroups. To demonstrate the validity of our approach, we provide explicit calculations for topological orders with rank up to 10 for the fermionic cases and up to 6 for the bosonic cases. Along the way, we clarify the relation between fermionic rational conformal field theories, which live on the boundary of the corresponding fermionic topological orders, and modular extensions. In particular, we show that the $\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ representation of the R-R sector can be determined from the NS-NS sector using the modular extensions.
description: 96 pages, no figure
Storing Fruits and Vegetables on Pallets in Wholesale Warehouses
Creators: name: Ferris, Richard T.
name: Bogardus, Robert K.
name: Ferris, Richard T.
name: Bogardus, Robert K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report: The generally used method of storing palletized fruits and vegetables in wholesale warehouses (called the conventional method in this report) does not make full use of vertical storage space. Pallet loads of produce in containers that are strong enough are placed directly atop one another, but many commodities cannot be tiered in this manner, and valuable storage space is lost. A number of devices are available that provide for stacking loaded pallets in two, three, or four tiers. Precise information was lacking, however, as to: (1) How much reduction in floor area requirements or increase in storage capacity is gained by the use of tiering devices ; and (2 ) how the use of tiering devices affects the costs of owning and maintaining a warehouse and the costs of handling commodities in and out of storage. To assist wholesalers planning to build new warehouses or to increase the capacity of their present facilities, a study was made to compare the requirements and costs of storage by the conventional method with three general types of tiering devices—self-supporting pallets, standard pallet racks, and drive-in pallet racks.
Inversion-Free Evaluation of Nearest Neighbors in Method of Moments
Creators: name: Capek, Miloslav
name: Jelinek, Lukas
name: Gustafsson, Mats
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently introduced technique of topology sensitivity in method of moments is extended by the possibility of adding degrees-of-freedom (reconstruct) into underlying structure. The algebraic formulation is inversion-free, suitable for parallelization and scales favorably with the number of unknowns. The reconstruction completes the nearest neighbors procedure for an evaluation of the smallest shape perturbation. The performance of the method is studied with a greedy search over a Hamming graph representing the structure in which initial positions are chosen from a random set. The method is shown to be effective data mining tool for machine learning-related applications.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures (one of them is animated), 1 table, accepted to AWPL
Spectrum and diffusion for a class of tight-binding models on hypercubes
Creators: name: Vidal, J.
name: Mosseri, R.
name: Bellissard, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a class of exactly solvable anisotropic tight-binding models on an infinite-dimensional hypercube. The energy spectrum is analytically computed and is shown to be fractal and/or absolutely continuous according to the value hopping parameters. In both cases, the spectral and diffusion exponents are derived. The main result is that, even if the spectrum is absolutely continuous, the diffusion exponent for the wave packet may be anything between 0 and 1 depending upon the class of models.
description: 5 pages Latex
Acoustic detection of high energy neutrinos in sea water: status and prospects
Creators: name: Lahmann, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The acoustic neutrino detection technique is a promising approach for future large-scale detectors with the aim of measuring the small expected flux of neutrinos at energies in the EeV-range and above. The technique is based on the thermo-acoustic model, which implies that the energy deposition by a particle cascade - resulting from a neutrino interaction in a medium with suitable thermal and acoustic properties - leads to a local heating and a subsequent characteristic pressure pulse that propagates in the surrounding medium. Current or recent test setups for acoustic neutrino detection have either been add-ons to optical neutrino telescopes or have been using acoustic arrays built for other purposes, typically for military use. While these arrays have been too small to derive competitive limits on neutrino fluxes, they allowed for detailed studies of the experimental technique. With the advent of the research infrastructure KM3NeT in the Mediterranean Sea, new possibilities will arise for acoustic neutrino detection. In this article, results from the "first generation" of acoustic arrays will be summarized and implications for the future of acoustic neutrino detection will be discussed.
description: Contribution to proceedings of the ARENA 2016 workshop in Groningen (The Netherlands), June 7-10, 2016
Understanding Mobile Search Task Relevance and User Behaviour in Context
Creators: name: Aliannejadi, Mohammad
name: Harvey, Morgan
name: Costa, Luca
name: Pointon, Matthew
name: Crestani, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Improvements in mobile technologies have led to a dramatic change in how and when people access and use information, and is having a profound impact on how users address their daily information needs. Smart phones are rapidly becoming our main method of accessing information and are frequently used to perform `on-the-go' search tasks. As research into information retrieval continues to evolve, evaluating search behaviour in context is relatively new. Previous research has studied the effects of context through either self-reported diary studies or quantitative log analysis; however, neither approach is able to accurately capture context of use at the time of searching. In this study, we aim to gain a better understanding of task relevance and search behaviour via a task-based user study (n=31) employing a bespoke Android app. The app allowed us to accurately capture the user's context when completing tasks at different times of the day over the period of a week. Through analysis of the collected data, we gain a better understanding of how using smart phones on the go impacts search behaviour, search performance and task relevance and whether or not the actual context is an important factor.
description: To appear in CHIIR 2019 in Glasgow, UK
Eusarima Yang 1994
Creators: name: Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Issidae
Eusarima

description: Subgenus Eusarima Yang, 1994
 Diagnosis. Metope with distinct and complete median and sublateral carinae, joining below its upper margin. Coryphe transverse. Fore wings quite elongate, with no hypocostal plate, radius and cubitus anterior with 2 branches each, median with 2–4 branches. Hind wings welldeveloped, three-lobed. Hind tibia with two lateral spines. Phallobase with pair of subapical processes. Aedeagus with pair of ventral hooks arising from its apical half.
description: Published as part of Gnezdilov, Vladimir M., 2013, New synonyms and combinations for the planthopper genus Eusarima (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae), pp. 485-492 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (2) on page 486, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5739625
Dynamic Resource Management: Comparison of Asynchronous Many-Task (AMT) and Dynamic Processes with PSets (DPP)
Creators: name: Posner, Jonas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Slides for the paper "Dynamic Resource Management: Comparison of Asynchronous Many-Task (AMT) and Dynamic Processes with PSets (DPP)" presented at WAMTA25.

Abstract:

Dynamic resource management allows programs running on supercomputers to adjust resource allocations at runtime. This dynamism offers potential improvements in both individual program efficiency and overall supercomputer utilization.Despite growing interest in recent years, the adoption of dynamic resource management remains limited due to inadequate support from widely used resource managers, such as Slurm, and programming environments, such as MPI. Furthermore, developing flexible programs introduces substantially higher programming complexity compared to static programs.While recent research has improved MPI's resource flexibility, significant programmability challenges remain. Additionally, MPI-based solutions rely on low-level message-passing primitives, which are particularly challenging to use for non-iterative workloads.Asynchronous Many-Task (AMT) programming offers a promising alternative to MPI. By decomposing computations into tasks that are dynamically scheduled by the runtime system, AMT is well suited to handling irregular and dynamic workloads. AMT's transparent resource management is ideal for dynamic resources, allowing the runtime system to seamlessly redistribute tasks in response to node changes without requiring additional programmer effort.In this work, we compare the "Dynamic Processes with PSets (DPP)" design principle implemented in an MPI-based environment and the APGAS+GLB AMT runtime system. We implement benchmarks in both environments to evaluate programmability and perform experiments on up to 16 nodes to analyze the performance of static and flexible programs. Results demonstrate that GLB simplifies programming with built-in load balancing and resource flexibility. In contrast, the MPI-DPP implementation achieves superior performance in handling node changes but at the cost of increased programming complexity.