cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Yield Stress Discontinuity in a Simple Glass
Creators: name: Varnik, Fathollah
name: Henrich, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the steady state yielding dynamics of a well established simple glass. In contrast to the supercooled state, where the shear stress, $σ$, tends to zero at vanishing shear rate, $\gammadot$, a stress plateau forms in the glass which extends over about two decades in shear rate. This strongly suggests the existence of a finite dynamic yield stress in the glass, $σ^+ (T) \equiv σ(T; \gammadot \to 0) >0$. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of $σ^+$ suggests a yield stress discontinuity at the glass transition in agreement with recent theoretical predictions. We scrutinize and support this observation by testing explicitly for the assumptions (affine flow, absence of flow induced ordering) inherent in the theory. Also, a qualitative change of the flow curves enables us to bracket the glass transition temperature $T_c$ of the theory from above and (for the first time in simulations) {\it from below}. Furthermore, the structural relaxation time in the steady state behaves quite similar to the system viscosity at all studied shear rates and temperatures.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
The University of Texas Permian Basin: Pathways to Energizing the Basin, PRP 223
Creators: name: Pedigo, Steven
name: Anderson, Timothy
name: Denney, Joseph
name: Gray, Ashlin
name: Oliver, Austin
name: Rudolph, Mary
name: Shaholli, Ardian
name: Venn, Maddie
Publisher: name: LBJ School of Public Affairs
Year: 2022
Subjects: Texas
public affairs
Higher Education

description: The University of Texas Permian Basin has initiated concrete steps to continue to grow as a hub and connector for the region's engagement, enrichment, and innovation. The recommendations in this report, formulated as the culmination of research into the Midland-Odessa region, focus on continued investment into several key areas that the university and region have already begun as UTPB steps into its role as an anchor. Scaling these burgeoning initiatives is a crucial step to enhancing the stability and equity of the region—as a University of Texas System school that can command prestige and with an array of resources unique to the Basin, UTPB is poised to lead these crucial developments. In making these specific recommendations, the proposed goals were to position UTPB as a community hub and connector, to accelerate the Permian Basin's innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystem, and to facilitate a regional "Grow Your Own" educational and training pipeline. After describing the recommended elements for accomplishing each of these goals, the report includes some key performance indicators that the university can use to assess progress.
CHILD LABOUR, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW
Creators: name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Gunnarsson, Louise Victoria
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Gunnarsson, Louise Victoria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This paper reviews the issues surrounding the derivation of estimates of the impact of child labor on school outcomes. The paper aims to review the current state of methodological and empirical knowledge concerning the impact of child labor on learning, to review existing data sets that could be used to address the issues, and to highlight areas where current research is lacking.
Vector Opinion Dynamics in a Bounded Confidence Consensus Model
Creators: name: Fortunato, Santo
name: Latora, Vito
name: Pluchino, Alessandro
name: Rapisarda, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the continuum opinion dynamics of the compromise model of Krause and Hegselmann for a community of mutually interacting agents, by solving numerically a rate equation. The opinions are here represented by bidimensional vectors with real-valued components. We study the situation starting from a uniform probability distribution for the opinion configuration and for different shapes of the confidence range. In all cases, we find that the thresholds for consensus and cluster merging either coincide with their one-dimensional counterparts, or are very close to them. The symmetry of the final opinion configuration, when more clusters survive, is determined by the shape of the opinion space. If the latter is a square, which is the case we consider, the clusters in general occupy the sites of a square lattice, although we sometimes observe interesting deviations from this general pattern, especially near the center of the opinion space.
description: 18 pages, (too) many figures. To appear on International Journal of Modern Physics C
Enhanced Lorentz Factor Formulation: Incorporating Schrödinger Wave Function for Energy Cycles and Time Dilation
Creators: name: Yıldırım, Begüm
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 510899
subject: Quantum physics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 490299
subject: Mathematical physics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 510106
subject: High energy astrophysics and galactic cosmic rays

description: In this paper, we present an enhanced formulation of the Lorentz factor (γ) that incorporates the effects of the Schrödinger wave function (ψ). This new formulation aims to provide deeper insights into energy cycles, time dilation, and momentum-energy relationships, taking into account quantum mechanical and relativistic effects. The proposed model is experimentally validated through theoretical analyses and supported by experimental data from advanced optical lattice atomic clocks and LIGO gravitational wave observations.The author acknowledges the use of OpenAI’s language model for assistance in drafting certain sections of this workl
Broadband Access, Telecommuting and the Urban-Rural Digital Divide
Creators: name: Singh, Rajesh
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Song, Moohoun
name: Singh, Rajesh
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Song, Moohoun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: We investigate the role of broadband access on the probability of telecommuting and whether individuals who work from home receive greater compensation. We also assess whether telecommuting differs between more- and less-densely populated areas. Telecommuting responds positively to local average commuting time and to local access to High-Speed Internet service. Differences in broadband access explain three-fourths of the gap in telecommuting between urban and rural markets. Telecommuters and other IT users do not earn significantly more than otherwise observationally comparable workers. Already highly skilled and highly paid workers are the most likely to telecommute and so they do not earn more because they telecommute. As broadband access improves in rural markets, the urban-rural gap in telecommuting will diminish. The urban-rural pay gap will also decrease if improved broadband access induces some already highly paid urban workers to move to rural areas.
SHOULD THE UNITED STATES REGULATE MANDATORY LABELING FOR GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS?
Creators: name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Rousu, Matthew C.
name: Shogren, Jason F.
name: Tegene, Abebayehu
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Rousu, Matthew C.
name: Shogren, Jason F.
name: Tegene, Abebayehu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: genetically modified foods
subject: mandatory labeling
subject: voluntary labeling
subject: laboratory auctions
subject: nth-price auction
subject: vegetable oil
subject: tortilla chips
subject: russet potatoes

description: Public debate continues over whether the United States should regulate genetically modified (GM) foods by imposing a mandatory labeling policy. This paper develops a model that shows that a voluntary GM-labeling policy results in higher welfare than a regulated mandatory GM-labeling policy, if consumers can accurately read the signals in each market. We then develop an experiment that shows consumers behave as if they can accurately identify signals for GM foods. Our model and results support the perspective that the United States has been prudent in fending off calls for regulations demanding a mandatory GM-labeling policy.
Feedback control for communication with non-orthogonal states
Creators: name: Jacobs, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Communicating classical information with a quantum system involves the receiver making a measurement on the system so as to distinguish as well as possible the alphabet of states used by the sender. We consider the situation in which this measurement takes an appreciable time. In this case the measurement must be described by a continuous measurement process. We consider a continuous implementation of the optimal measurement for distinguishing between two non-orthogonal states, and show that feedback control can be used during this measurement to increase the rate at which the information regarding the initial preparation is obtained. We show that while the maximum obtainable increase is modest, the effect is purely quantum mechanical in the sense that the enhancement is only possible when the initial states are non-orthogonal. We find further that the enhancement in the rate of information gain is achieved at the expense of reducing the total information which the measurement can extract in the long-time limit.
description: revtex4, 6 pages, 3 eps figures
Scaling and data collapse for the mean exit time of asset prices
Creators: name: Montero, Miquel
name: Perello, Josep
name: Masoliver, Jaume
name: Lillo, Fabrizio
name: Micciche, Salvatore
name: Mantegna, Rosario N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study theoretical and empirical aspects of the mean exit time of financial time series. The theoretical modeling is done within the framework of continuous time random walk. We empirically verify that the mean exit time follows a quadratic scaling law and it has associated a pre-factor which is specific to the analyzed stock. We perform a series of statistical tests to determine which kind of correlation are responsible for this specificity. The main contribution is associated with the autocorrelation property of stock returns. We introduce and solve analytically both a two-state and a three-state Markov chain models. The analytical results obtained with the two-state Markov chain model allows us to obtain a data collapse of the 20 measured MET profiles in a single master curve.
description: REVTeX 4, 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, submitted for publication
Rural Economic Growth Linkages and Small Scale Poultry Production: A Survey of Poultry Producers in KwaZulu-Natal
Creators: name: Wynne, Adrian T.
name: Lyne, Michael C.
name: Wynne, Adrian T.
name: Lyne, Michael C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Industrial Organization
Livestock Production/Industries

description: This study analyses survey data gathered from small and large-scale poultry producers in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal, and highlights factors constraining the impact of commercial poultry production on the local economy. It was found that small-scale poultry production has the ability to initiate economic growth by "exporting" its products and can draw under-utilised resources such as labour into production. The impact of the subsequent multiplier effect is generally strongest in the non-tradable, non-agricultural sector. Alleviating constraints for a large number of small enterprises is expected to impact more positively on the rural economy than if a few larger enterprises were encouraged to grow bigger. The descriptive results suggest that small producers face higher transaction costs. Government policies should focus on absorbing some of these transaction costs by improving education, physical infrastructure and technology transfer. Other important interventions include the provision of mentoring and training services for new managers including institution, legal and financial management instruction.
title: The Role of Connectors in Supporting Knowledge Construction in xMOOC Learning Networks
title: A Mixed Methods Case Study
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: McMinn, Sean
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2021
Subjects: MOOCs
cMOOCs
Knowledge Construction
Connectors
Social Network Analysis
learning networks
xMOOCs

description: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a relatively new phenomenon in the field of online education. The literature has both praised the potential for xMOOCs, highly structured courses that centre around a series of short video lectures, automated marking, and peer evaluation, enhancing learning outcomes and condemned them for not being innovative at all, with some suggesting that xMOOCs reinforce a teacher-centred approach to teaching and learning. Empirical research on xMOOCs is still relatively new, ranging from the subject of attrition rates, communication patterns, , and learning analytics. Yet, there is still little empirical evidence showing how learning occurs in xMOOCs. More specifically, it’s not understood how participants engage in collaborative dialogue and knowledge construction. Furthermore, the literature is lacking in describing how or who influences the sequence of knowledge construction in xMOOCs. Recent research suggests that a social network analysis approach to MOOC research may provide insight on how participants engage with each other, and whether some are more influential than others in how knowledge is shared, understood or constructed. This thesis adopts a mixed methods case study design using (1) social network analysis, and (2) Interaction Analysis Model (IAM) to explore how xMOOC participants with high centrality measures support knowledge construction. The results show that SNA of xMOOC discussion forums can identify participants who are in the position to be connectors, highly influential in a social network; however, IAM of the discussion forums suggest that they play a minimal role in the sequence of knowledge construction among participants. This suggests connectors are not influential in an xMOOC learning network, despite the power of their position. The implications of these findings informs both researchers of how engagement and knowledge construction does not happen automatically, and that instructor or instructional design intervention may be needed.
MODELLING THE MARKET OUTLOOK AND POLICY ALTERNATIVES FOR THE WHEAT SECTOR IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Meyer, Ferdinand H.
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Poonyth, Daneswar
name: Meyer, Ferdinand H.
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Poonyth, Daneswar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this study, the structure of the South African wheat market is analysed using economic theory and econometric modelling techniques. The developed model is used to make baseline projections regarding the supply and use of wheat in South Africa and to analyse the impacts of various policy alternatives on the wheat sector for the period 2002 - 2008. Results indicate that after an initial decline in the area harvested in 2003, the area harvested will increase over time. Domestic consumption will gradually decrease over time, which will result in lower levels of imports and higher level of exports. Three policy scenarios are analysed, the elimination of the import tariff for wheat, a twelve percent depreciation in the exchange rate, and the convergence of the elimination of the import tariff and the 12% depreciation in the exchange rate.
Configurational Mean-Field Reduced Transfer Matrix Method for Ising Systems
Creators: name: Kaya, Tuncer
name: Tambaş, Başer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mean-field method for the hypercubic nearest-neighbor Ising system is introduced and applications to the method are demonstrated. The main idea of this work is to combine the Kadanoff's mean-field approach with the model presented by one of us previously. The mean-field approximation is introduced with the replacement of the central spin in Ising Hamiltonian with an average value of particular spin configuration, i.e, the approximation is taken into account within each configuration. This approximation is used in two different mean-field-type approaches. The first consideration is a pure-mean-field-type treatment in which all the neighboring spins are replaced with the assumed configurational average. The second consideration is introduced by the reduced transfer matrix method. The estimations of critical coupling values of the systems are evaluated both numerically and also analytically by the using of saddle point approximation. The analytical estimation of critical values in the first and second considerations are $ K_{c}=\frac{1}{z} $ and $ (z-2) K_{c}e^{2K_{c}} =1 $ respectively. Obviously, both of the considerations have some significant deviation from the exact treatment. In this work, we conclude that the method introduced here is more appropriate physical picture than self-consistent mean-field-type models, because the method introduced here does not presume the presence of the phase transition from the outset. Consequently, the introduced approach potentially makes our research very valuable mean-field-type picture for phase transition treatment.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
ON THE ESTIMATION OF DEMAND SYSTEMS WITH LARGE NUMBER OF GOODS: AN APPLICATION TO SOUTH AFRICA HOUSEHOLD FOOD DEMAND
Creators: name: Agbola, Frank W.
name: Maitra, Pushkar
name: McLaren, Keith Robert
name: Agbola, Frank W.
name: Maitra, Pushkar
name: McLaren, Keith Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The estimation of large demand systems to investigate the patterns of consumption of households is notoriously difficult. This study develops a modified Almost Ideal Demand System model based on a flexible two-stage budgeting demand modelling framework to examine the effect of estimation procedures (Bottom-up and Top-down) on South African household food consumption parameters. Household food consumption was divided into seven broad food groups: meat and fish; grains; dairy products; fruits; vegetables; other foods. The demand systems were estimated using data from the 1993 South Africa Integrated Household Survey (SIHS) conducted by the South African Labour and Development Research Unit (SALDRU). Empirical results indicate that the Top-down approach is more suited for estimation of South African household food demand. Results indicate that own-price do play an important role in influencing household food consumption. Results also indicate no presence of gross substitution between and within food groups. Expenditure elasticity estimates indicate that meat and fish, dairy products and fruits are luxury products, while grains, vegetables and other foods are necessities in South African household diet.
MIxS-SA: a MIxS extension defining the minimum information standard for sequence data from symbiont-associated micro-organisms
Creators: name: Fátima, Jorge
name: Brealey, Jaelle
name: Brindley, Paul
name: Buysse, Marie
name: Cantacessi, Cinzia
name: Duron, Olivier
name: Fichorova, Raina
name: Fitzpatrick, Connor
name: Hahn, Megan
name: Hunter, Christopher
name: Hervé, Vincent
name: Laura, Knoll
name: Kohl, Kevin D
name: Lalle, Marco
name: Lukeš, Julius
name: Martínez Martínez, Joaquín
name: Perkins, Susan L
name: Poulin, Robert
name: Rosario, Karyna
name: Schneider, Adam C
name: Schriml, Lynn M
name: Thompson, Luke R
name: Walls, Ramona L
name: Dheilly, Nolwenn M
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 3107 Microbiology
subject: 31 Biological Sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Human Genome
subject: Infection

description: Funder: Marsden Fund (Royal Society of New Zealand).
description: Funder: US NIH (grant reference number: RO1CA164719)
description: Funder: FEDER (Grant reference number: InFoBioS n°EX011185)
description: Funder: US NIH (Grant reference number: R01AI144016-01)
description: Funder: EU horizon 2020 (Grant reference number: 773830)
description: The symbiont-associated (SA) environmental package is a new extension to the minimum information about any (x) sequence (MIxS) standards, established by the Parasite Microbiome Project (PMP) consortium, in collaboration with the Genomics Standard Consortium. The SA was built upon the host-associated MIxS standard, but reflects the nestedness of symbiont associated microbiota within and across host-symbiont-microbe interactions. This package is designed to facilitate the collection and reporting of a broad range of metadata information that apply to symbionts such as life history traits, association with one or multiple host organisms, or the nature of host-symbiont interactions along the mutualism-parasitism continuum. To better reflect the inherent nestedness of all biological systems, we present a novel feature that allows users to co-localize samples, to nest a package within another package, and to identify replicates. Adoption of the MIxS-SA and of the new terms will facilitate reports of complex sampling design from a myriad of environments
Dark Matter Searches
Creators: name: Baudis, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: More than 90% of matter in the Universe could be composed of heavy particles, which were non-relativistic, or 'cold', when they froze-out from the primordial soup. I will review current searches for these hypothetical particles, both via interactions with nuclei in deep underground detectors, and via the observation of their annihilation products in the Sun, galactic halo and galactic center.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, latex. To appear in the Proceedings of the XXII International Symposium on Lepton-Photon Interactions (Uppsala, Sweden, 2005)
WEST VIRGINIA AGRICULTURE IN 1997: SITUATION, TRENDS AND COMPARISON
Creators: name: Colyer, Dale
name: Colyer, Dale
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Agriculture in West Virginia produces significant amounts of income, provides full and part-time employment for substantial numbers of people, helps to make rural areas pleasant places to live, and creates amenities for residents visitors to the state. Agriculture in the State follows the trends in U.S. Agriculture. However, farms in the state are smaller and a larger proportion of its farm income is derived from livestock and livestock products with the poultry industry now surpassing beef cattle as the largest source of farm income.
Land, Land Use and Competitiveness
Creators: name: Colyer, Dale
name: Colyer, Dale
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Land costs account for a significant proportion of the total costs for many agricultural products that are traded internationally, especially for the major grain crops that the U.S. exports in competition with several other countries. For owner-operators, a common form of tenure in the U.S. and most other countries, most land costs are implicit and involve few cash outlays, i.e., are opportunity costs that are important in the long-run but that may not affect production decisions in the short-run. To the extent that land is rented or where the owner is making mortgage payments, however, larger explicit land costs are incurred and can be a very significant factor in the cost of production and competitiveness. U.S. cost of production data for most crops in recent years indicate that the returns on equity, including land and other owned resources are zero or negative, i.e., the prices of many farm products are too low to cover total costs when opportunity costs are included as part of the cost of production. Thus, land costs may not be a significant factor in competitiveness in the current policy framework where government payments are a significant part of the net returns of farm operators.
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND COMPETITIVENESS
Creators: name: Colyer, Dale
name: Colyer, Dale
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Costs of environmental regulations, although relatively small, can be critical in the competitiveness of a product since the cost advantages of producers in one country are often very slim. Additional costs derived from new regulations are a factor in the continued importance of exports and of the maintaining or increasing a nation's share of the international market. Governments try to assist their industries in overcoming the disadvantages caused by such added cost through subsidies, tax breaks, technical assistance or in other ways. In agriculture these are increasingly taking the form of green payments, which are currently exempt from the limits imposed on domestic subsidies. In addition to these mechanisms for addressing the environment, there also has been a selective but subversive process of erecting non-tariff barriers based on environmental protection issues. It is often difficult to determine if such measures are really for protecting the environment or for protecting domestic producers. They are, none-the-less, generally effective approaches for achieving environmental objectives and can also be effective measures to alter competitiveness. Competitiveness can be either enhanced or diminished by the environmental regimes of competing nations. The existence of negative externalities means that prices are lower than would prevail if all costs where included in the prices of the products.
AGRICULTURE IN THE APPALACHIAN REGION: 1965-2000
Creators: name: Colyer, Dale
name: Colyer, Dale
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Agriculture in the Appalachian region has progressed since the ARC was established in 1965 when it was characterized by small farms with low incomes that contributed to the Region's high rate of poverty. However, the region's agriculture remains relatively small compared to that of the United States with an average farm size of 152 compared with 487 acres. The area is more dependent on animal agriculture with three fourths of it income compared to half for the nation. Farm operators obtain a large share of their income from work off-farm. However, farms in the region have become more specialized and oriented more toward market activities.
description: Revised version of a paper presented at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting in Fort Worth, Texas, January 28-31, 2001
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 01/01.
Unterrichtshilfe für den Schulunterricht "Ökumene und Rom"
Creators: name: Mumm, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 14 Nr. 4 (1965): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 14, Heft 4
FARMLAND PRESERVATION PROGRAMS
Creators: name: Colyer, Dale
name: Colyer, Dale
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: Paper presented at the Seventh International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, University of Missouri, Columbia, May 25-27, 1998. The preservation of farmland is an important issue in most areas of the U.S. and all states have enacted legislation to promote this activity. This article reviews the various policy tools for preserving farmland. Use valuation of farmland for property tax purposes is the most common remedy but it is not effective where there are strong incentives to convert land to nonfarm uses because of high land values. The purchase of development rights has become an important method in areas facing severe pressures.
Arrows and shields : a new type of arms competition in northeast Asia
Creators: name: Clermont, Jean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines the development and deployment of ballistic missiles and Theater Missile Defense (TMD) systems in Northeast Asia. It argues that the current arms dynamic in Northeast Asia constitutes a new type of arms competition, which has significant implications for regional security and for the study of arms races. This thesis makes clear that the highly sophisticated anti-missile systems currently under development will eventually be deployed in Northeast Asia. Such deployments will increase political and military tensions in the region. Moreover, the introduction of TMD systems is likely to spark the development and deployment of more missiles, along with counter-measures and multiple warheads, potentially transforming the regional arms competition into an arms race. This thesis also argues that the current literature on arms races cannot fully grasp the situation in Northeast Asia. Ballistic missiles have undoubtedly been the most destabilizing weapons deployed in Northeast Asia in the 1990s. However, measuring arms competition solely in terms of military expenditure does not capture the importance of these destabilizing weapons. Moreover, the literature on arms races, which has traditionally defined arms competitions as an offensive-versus-offensive dynamic, is blind to the current defensive dimension of the Northeast Asian arms competition.
Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements
Creators: name: Colyer, Dale
name: Colyer, Dale
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Trade and environmental issues are interrelated, have become part of the negotiating process for free trade agreements, and are included in a substantial number of such agreements since being included in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NATA) and the Marakesh Agreement from Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations. Although the NAFTA agreement contained extensive environmental provisions and institutional mechanisms for their implementation in its environmental side agreement, most of those signed since that time are more modest. Typically they contain provisions for environmental cooperation, pledges to enforce environmental laws and to not to weaken their enforce so as to become environmental havens, and when developing countries are included pledges for technical and/or other assistance. While environmental issues are included in the ongoing Doha Round of the WTO negotiations, most international environmental efforts continue to be handled through a relatively large number of Multilateral Environmental Agreements
Universal Thermodynamics in the Kitaev Fractional Liquid
Creators: name: Li, Han
name: Qu, Dai-Wei
name: Zhang, Hao-Kai
name: Jia, Yi-Zhen
name: Gong, Shou-Shu
name: Qi, Yang
name: Li, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Kitaev honeycomb model, the quantum spin fractionalizes into itinerant Majorana and gauge flux spontaneously upon cooling, leading to rich experimental ramifications at finite temperature and an upsurge of research interest. In this work, we employ the exponential tensor renormalization group approach to explore the Kitaev model under various perturbations, including the external fields, Heisenberg, and the off-diagonal couplings that are common in the Kitaev materials. Through large-scale manybody calculations, we find a Kitaev fractional liquid at intermediate temperature that is robust against perturbations. The fractional liquid exhibits universal thermodynamic behaviors, including the fractional thermal entropy, metallic specific heat, and an intermediate-temperature Curie law of magnetic susceptibility. The emergent universal susceptibility behavior, with a modified Curie constant, can be ascribed to the strongly fluctuating $\mathbb{Z}_2$ fluxes as well as the extremely short-ranged and bond-directional spin correlations. With this insight, we revisit the susceptibility measurements of Na$_2$IrO$_3$ and $α$-RuCl$_3$, and find evident signatures of finite-temperature fractionalization and ferromagnetic Kitaev couplings. Moreover, the peculiar spin correlation in the fractional liquid corresponds to a stripy structure factor which rotates in the extended Brillouin zone as the spin component changes. Therefore, our findings encourage future experimental exploration of fractional liquid in the Kitaev materials by thermodynamic measurements and spin-resolved structure factor probes.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures
ESTIMATED IMPACT OF FPO'S GENERIC PROMOTION OF FRESH CUT FLOWERS
Creators: name: Ward, Ronald W.
name: Ward, Ronald W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In 1997 the U.S. fresh cut flower industry terminated their first mandatory generic promotions program. Since then a voluntary program has been implemented in five U.S. cities, targeting female flower buyers. Using 13 control and 5 target cities, the promotion impacts are estimated and the structural implications are set forth.
Xylitol: A Sweet Poison For Dogs
Creators: name: Swati Koli
Publisher: name: trends in Agriculture Science
Year: 2024

description: Xylitol is a 5-carbon sugar alcohol commonly used as an artificial sweetener leading to life-threatening situation particularly in dogs. Xylitol mainly causes hepatic toxicosis and hypoglycaemia in dogs. Therefore, any severe hypoglycaemic condition should be diagnosed and treated at the earliest. Creating awareness among the pet owners regarding the foodstuffs that should not be fed to dogs can keep them healthy and prevent several cases of poisoning.
Oxidative stress enhances the expression of 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate-containing RNAs
Creators: name: Shigematsu, Megumi
name: Kirino, Yohei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Eukaryotic cells equip robust systems to respond to stress conditions. In stressed mammalian cells, angiogenin endoribonuclease cleaves anticodon-loops of tRNAs to generate tRNA halves termed tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs), which promote stress granule formation and regulate translation. The 5′-tiRNAs (5′-tRNA halves) contain a 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate (cP) and thus belong to cP-containing RNAs (cP-RNAs). The cP-RNAs form a hidden layer of the transcriptome because standard RNA-seq cannot amplify and sequence them. In this study, we performed genome-wide analyses of short cP-RNA transcriptome in oxidative stress-exposed human cells. Using cP-RNA-seq that can specifically sequence cP-RNAs, we identified tiRNAs and numerous other cP-RNAs that are mainly derived from rRNAs and mRNAs. Although tiRNAs were produced from a wide variety of tRNA species, abundant species of tiRNAs were derived from a focal-specific subset of tRNAs. Regarding rRNA- and mRNA-derived cP-RNAs, determination of the processing sites of substrate RNAs revealed highly specific RNA cleavage events between pyrimidines and adenosine in generation of those cP-RNAs. Those cP-RNAs were derived from specific loci of substrate RNAs rather than from the overall region, implying that cP-RNAs are produced by regulated biogenesis pathways and not by random degradation events. We experimentally confirmed the identified sequences to be expressed as cP-RNAs in the cells, and their expressions were upregulated upon induction of oxidative stress. These analyses of the cP-RNA transcriptome unravel an abundant class of short ncRNAs that accumulate in cells under oxidative stress.
High space-bandwidth in quantitative phase imaging using partially spatially coherent optical coherence microscopy and deep neural network
Creators: name: Butola, Ankit
name: Kanade, Sheetal Raosaheb
name: Bhatt, Sunil
name: Dubey, Vishesh Kumar
name: Kumar, Anand
name: Ahmad, Azeem
name: Prasad, Dilip K
name: Senthilkumaran, Paramasivam
name: Ahluwalia, Balpreet Singh
name: Mehta, Dalip Singh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) is a label-free technique that enables to monitor morphological changes at subcellular level. The performance of the QPM system in terms of spatial sensitivity and resolution depends on the coherence properties of the light source and the numerical aperture (NA) of objective lenses. Here, we propose high space-bandwidth QPM using partially spatially coherent optical coherence microscopy (PSC-OCM) assisted with deep neural network. The PSC source synthesized to improve the spatial sensitivity of the reconstructed phase map from the interferometric images. Further, compatible generative adversarial network (GAN) is used and trained with paired low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) datasets acquired from PSC-OCM system. The training of the network is performed on two different types of samples i.e. mostly homogenous human red blood cells (RBC) and on highly heterogenous macrophages. The performance is evaluated by predicting the HR images from the datasets captured with low NA lens and compared with the actual HR phase images. An improvement of 9 times in space-bandwidth product is demonstrated for both RBC and macrophages datasets. We believe that the PSC-OCM+GAN approach would be applicable in single-shot label free tissue imaging, disease classification and other high-resolution tomography applications by utilizing the longitudinal spatial coherence properties of the light source.
THE ECONOMICS OF CO-PERMITTING
Creators: name: Lichtenberg, Erik
name: Lichtenberg, Erik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: State and federal regulators have been considering making livestock integrators jointly responsible with growers for waste disposal. We show that joint responsibility will generally be efficient when contracts are structured to address problems of grower moral hazard. But joint responsibility for waste disposal will also redistribute income from growers to integrators.
Emergence of quantum critical charge and spin-state fluctuations near the pressure-induced Mott transition in MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO
Creators: name: Leonov, I.
name: Shorikov, A. O.
name: Anisimov, V. I.
name: Abrikosov, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a comprehensive theoretical study of the pressure-induced evolution of the electronic structure, magnetic state, and phase stability of the late transition metal monoxides MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO using a fully charge self-consistent DFT+dynamical mean-field theory method. Our results reveal that the pressure-induced Mott insulator-to-metal phase transition in MnO-NiO is accompanied by a simultaneous collapse of local magnetic moments and lattice volume, implying a complex interplay between chemical bonding and electronic correlations. We compute the pressure-induced evolution of relative weights of the different valence states and spin-state configurations. Employing the concept of fluctuating valence in a correlated solid, we demonstrate that in MnO, FeO, and CoO a Mott insulator-metal transition and collapse of the local moments is accompanied by a sharp crossover of the spin-state and valence configurations. Our microscopic explanation of the magnetic collapse differs from the accepted picture and points out a remarkable dynamical coexistence (frustration) of the high-, intermediate-, and low-spin states. In particular, in MnO, the magnetic collapse is found to be driven by the appearance of the intermediate-spin state (IS), competing with the low-spin (LS) state; in FeO, we observe a conventional high-spin to low-spin (HS-LS) crossover. Most interestingly, in CoO, we obtain a remarkable (dynamical) coexistence of the HS and LS states, i.e., a HS-LS frustration, up to high pressure. Our results demonstrate the importance of quantum fluctuations of the valence and spin states for the understanding of quantum criticality of the Mott transitions.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Novel magnetic states and nematic spin chirality in the kagome lattice metal YMn$_{6}$Sn$_{6}$
Creators: name: Ghimire, Nirmal J.
name: Dally, Rebecca L.
name: Poudel, L.
name: Jones, D. C.
name: Michel, D.
name: Magar, N. Thapa
name: Bleuel, M.
name: McGuire, Michael A.
name: Jiang, J. S.
name: Mitchell, J. F.
name: Lynn, Jeffrey W.
name: Mazin, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identification, understanding, and manipulation of novel magnetic textures is essential for the discovery of new quantum materials for future spin-based electronic devices. In particular, materials that manifest a large response to external stimuli such as a magnetic field are subject to intense investigation. Here, we study the kagome-net magnet YMn$_{6}$Sn$_{6}$ by magnetometry, transport, and neutron diffraction measurements combined with first principles calculations. We identify a number of nontrivial magnetic phases, explain their microscopic nature, and demonstrate that one of them hosts a large topological Hall effect (THE). We propose a new nematic chirality mechanism, reminiscent of the nematicity in Fe-based superconductors, which leads to the THE at elevated temperatures. This interesting physics comes from parametrically frustrated interplanar exchange interactions that trigger strong magnetic fluctuations. Our results pave a path to new chiral spin textures, promising for novel spintronics.
Stellar Activity on the Young Suns of Orion: COUP Observations of K5-7 Pre-Main Sequence Stars
Creators: name: Wolk, S. J.
name: Flaccomio, E.
name: Micela, G.
name: Favata, F.
name: Glassgold, A. E.
name: Shang, H.
name: Feigelson, E. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In January 2003, the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (COUP) detected about 1400 young stars during a 13.2 day observation of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). This paper studies a well-defined sample of 28 solar-mass COUP sources to characterize the magnetic activity of analogs of the young Sun and thereby to improve understanding of the effects of solar X-rays on the solar nebula during the era of planet formation. We find that active young Suns spend 70% of their time in a characteristic state with relatively constant flux and magnetically confined plasma with temperatures kT_2 = 2.1 * kT_1. During characteristic periods, the 0.5-8 keV X-ray luminosity is about 0.03% of the bolometric luminosity. One or two powerful flares per week with peak luminosities logL_x ~ 30-32 erg/s are typically superposed on this characteristic emission accompanied by heating of the hot plasma component from ~2.4 keV to ~7 keV at the flare peak. The energy distribution of flares superposed on the characteristic emission level follows the relationship dN/dE ~ E^-1.7. The flare rates are consistent with the production of sufficiently energetic protons to spawn a spallogenic origin of some important short-lived radionuclides found in ancient meteorites. The X-rays can ionize gas in the circumstellar disk at a rate of 6 10^-9 ionizations per second at 1 AU from the central star, orders of magnitude above cosmic ray ionization rates. The estimated energetic particle fluences are sufficient to a account for many isotopic anomalies observed in meteoritic inclusions.
description: 49 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplements, COUP Special Issue (Oct 2005). For version with higher quality figures, see http://www.astro.psu.edu/coup/Suns.html
ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT FARM SUBSIDIES ON FARMLAND CASH RENTAL RATES USING A FIXED EFFECT SPATIAL DISTRIBUTED LAG MODEL AND A TRANSLOG COST MODEL
Creators: name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Griffin, Terry W.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Griffin, Terry W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The objective of this study is to examine how factors such as government payments, soil productivity ratings, commodity selling price, corn and soybean production, and spatial attributes affect cash rental rates. Baseline estimates of the effects of government payments on cash rents are determined using a fixed effect, distributed lag model. The results of this model are compared to a distributed lag model that incorporates spatial effects. A second model estimates the impact of government subsides on farm cost structure. This is accomplished estimating a fixed effect, translog cost function that also incorporates spatial effects. The data used in the analysis is the Illinois Farm Business Farm Management (FBFM) Economic Management Analysis (EMA), containing more than five thousand Illinois FBFM clients annually from 1996 to 2001.
THE IMPACT OF BSE, FMD, AND U.S. EXPORT PROMOTION EXPENDITURES ON JAPANESE MEAT DEMAND
Creators: name: Yeboah, Godfred
name: Maynard, Leigh J.
name: Yeboah, Godfred
name: Maynard, Leigh J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The study examined Japanese consumer response to the discovery of BSE and discusses implications for the U.S. beef industry following BSE discovery in the U.S. Impacts of FMD and export promotion expenditures were also modeled. Synthetic inverse and ordinary demand systems were used to appropriately specify the demand system.