cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Side effects following first dose of COVID-19 vaccination in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Creators: name: Van Nguyen, Si
name: Nguyen, Bay Thi
name: Duong, Huong Nguyen Viet
name: Lenh, Phong Thanh
name: Tran, Kien Trung
name: Tran, Hoa Minh
name: Nguyen, Thanh Cong
name: Nguyen, Dung Phuong
name: Ta, My Ngoc
name: Trieu, Nhut Nguyen Minh
name: Nguyen, Nam Ba
name: Tran, Hung Quang
name: Tran, Son Thanh
name: Rai, Raghu
name: Le Pham, An
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology

description: Vaccines are strongly recommended globally as an effective measure to prevent serious illness from and spread of COVID-19. Concerns about safety following vaccination continue to be the most common reason that people do not accept the vaccine. This retrospective study was carried out on 4341 people who received the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BBIBP-CorV, or mRNA-1273 vaccine at Jio Health Clinic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Post-injection side effects were either reported by participants or actively collected by health care staff by means of telemedicine. Local side effects were reported by 35.5% of all individuals, with pain being the most common symptom (33.3%). Systemic side effects were reported by 44.2% of individuals, with fever (25.3%) and fatigue (21.4%) being the most common. Age ≤60 years, female gender, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 were significant independent risk factors for both local and systemic side effects, while a history of allergy was significant as a risk factor for local side effects. A total of 43 individuals (1.0%) reported concerning symptoms of rare severe complications, which were addressed and treated by physicians via Jio Health app.
10.1177_1358863X18807540_Supplementary_material_AppendixC – Supplemental material for Postoperative opioid prescribing patterns and use after vascular surgery
Creators: name: Ilsley B Colton
name: Fujii, Mayo H
name: Ahern, Thomas P
name: MacLean, Charles D
name: Lahiri, Julie E
name: Alef, Matthew
name: Stanley, Andrew C
name: Steinthorsson, Georg
name: Bertges, Daniel J
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cardiology
subject: 110323 Surgery
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental material, 10.1177_1358863X18807540_Supplementary_material_AppendixC for Postoperative opioid prescribing patterns and use after vascular surgery by Ilsley B Colton, Mayo H Fujii, Thomas P Ahern, Charles D MacLean, Julie E Lahiri, Matthew Alef, Andrew C Stanley, Georg Steinthorsson and Daniel J Bertges in Vascular Medicine
IMAGE, MARKETING MIX SERVICE USE INNOVATION, TRUST, SERVICE DECISION AFFECTING LOYALTY OF TUTORING INSTITUTES IN PHUKET PROVINCE
Creators: name: VIPARANEE KAEWSAI
name: JONGDEE PHUSALUX
name: TANAPOL KORTANA
name: CHOMPOO SAISAMA
name: PEERAWEE TEPPRATUANGTIP
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Image, Trust of Tutoring Institutions, Decision-Making in Service Usage, Phuket Province.

description: Abstract

The competitive entrance examinations for state universities and popular fields of study, especially in science and social sciences, have resulted in intense competition, stress, and many disappointed students. Thus, tutoring schools or institutions need to understand additional lessons to learn techniques and methods to solve problems more easily and quickly to help students enter their desired educational institutions. This research aims to: 1) Study the levels of image, marketing mix, service innovation, trust, and decision-making in service usage affecting customer loyalty towards tutoring institutions in Phuket Province. 2) Examine the influence of variables such as image, marketing mix, service innovation, trust, and decision-making in service usage on customer loyalty towards tutoring institutions in Phuket Province. 3) Develop a model for customer loyalty towards tutoring institutions in the future in Phuket Province. This research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research. For the quantitative part, the sample consists of 500 students and parents from secondary schools under the Ministry of Education who use tutoring services in Phuket Province. The sample size was determined using a criterion of 20 times the observed variables and was selected using a multi-stage sampling method. The study used questionnaires for data collection and analyzed the data using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants, including 10 tutoring institution operators and 10 experts in the tutoring business in Phuket Province. The research findings revealed that: 1) The levels of image, marketing mix, service innovation, trust, and decision-making in service usage had a high impact on customer loyalty towards tutoring institutions in Phuket. 2) These factors significantly affected customer loyalty at a statistically significant level of 0.05. 3) The customer loyalty model developed by the researcher for tutoring institutions in Phuket is called the ISMTD-CLTP Model (I = Image, D = Decision-making, S = Service Innovation, T = Trust, M = Marketing Mix, CLTP = Customer Loyalty of Tutoring Institutions in Phuket Province). Additionally, the qualitative findings suggest that operators should adopt new digital technologies and innovations, enhance modern communication channels, offer tutoring services through social networks, and provide online learning to improve customer satisfaction and foster loyalty in the future.
Does HPV vaccination initiation at age 9, improve HPV initiation and vaccine series completion rates by age 13?
Creators: name: O’Leary, Sonja C.
name: Frost, Holly M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Vaccination for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is important to reduce rates of cervical and oropharyngeal cancer. We aimed to evaluate if a program to initiate HPV vaccination at 9 years improved initiation and completion rates by 13 years of age. Data on empaneled patients aged 9–13 years from January 1, 2021 to August 30, 2022 were abstracted from the electronic health record. Primary outcome measures included HPV vaccination initiation and series completion by 13 years of age. The secondary outcome measure was missed opportunities for HPV vaccination. In total, 25,888 patients were included (12,433 pre-intervention, and 13,455 post-intervention). The percentage of patients aged 9–13 with an in-person visit who received at least 1 dose of HPV vaccine increased from 30% pre-intervention to 43% post-intervention. The percentage of patients who received 2 doses of vaccine increased from 19.3% pre-intervention to 42.7% post-intervention. For the overall population seen in-person, initiation of HPV vaccination by age 13 years increased from 42% to 54%. HPV completion increased as well (13% to 18%). HPV vaccination initiation at 9 years of age may be an acceptable and effective approach to improving vaccination rates.
Melanoma stem cell vaccine induces effective tumor immunity against melanoma
Creators: name: Yin, Qiliang
name: Zhao, Na
name: Chang, Ying
name: Dong, Mingxin
name: Xu, Meng
name: Xu, Wenyue
name: Jin, Hao-Fan
name: Liu, Wensen
name: Xu, Na
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Melanoma stem cells (MSCs)-based vaccine strategies have been a potent immunotherapeutic approach for melanoma treatment, which aimed at inducing specific anti-tumor immunity and targeting cancer stem-like cells. As the main cancer-fighting immune cells, CD8+T cells play an important role in vaccine-induced antitumor immunity. Here, we developed a novel MSC vaccine that induces CD8+T cells to target melanoma stem cells specifically. The MSC vaccine was prepared for our study in order to determine the effectiveness of antitumor immunity. The proportion and activity of CD8+T cells were examined in the spleen after immunization, in particular, the expression and cytotoxicity of the immune checkpoint of spleen lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA, moreover, tumor size and the number of lung metastasis nodules were observed and the specific killing effect of the vaccine was evaluated in immunized mice. We found that the MSC vaccine could promote DCs maturation, activate CD8+T cells, suppress the expression of CTLA-4, PD-1, and Tim-3, and increase the expression of IFN-γ and GzmB of CD8+T cells. Melanoma growth and metastasis were inhibited by the vaccine’s specific targeted killing effect. The vaccines based on melanoma stem cells (MSCs) delay the progression of melanoma by inducing anti-tumor immune responses in CD8+T cells.
Detecting Task-Dependent Functional Connectivity in Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation with Person-Specific Hemodynamic Response Functions
Creators: name: Fisher, Zachary F.
name: Cohen, Jessica R.
name: Lindquist, Martin A.
name: Hallquist, Michael N.
name: Gates, Kathleen M.
name: Duffy, Kelly A.
name: Molenaar, Peter C.M.
name: Arizmendi, Cara A.
name: Hopfinger, Joseph
name: Beltz, Adriene M.
Publisher: name: Mary Ann Liebert
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: Group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME) has proven to be a reliable data-driven method to arrive at functional connectivity maps that represent associations between brain regions across time in groups and individuals. However, to date, GIMME has not been able to model time-varying task-related effects. This article introduces HRF-GIMME, an extension of GIMME that enables the modeling of the direct and modulatory effects of a task on functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected by using event-related designs. Critically, hemodynamic response function (HRF)-GIMME incorporates person-specific modeling of the HRF to accommodate known variability in onset delay and shape. Methods: After an introduction of the technical aspects of HRF-GIMME, the performance of HRF-GIMME is evaluated via both a simulation study and application to empirical data. The simulation study assesses the sensitivity and specificity of HRF-GIMME by using data simulated from one slow and two rapid event-related designs, and HRF-GIMME is then applied to two empirical data sets from similar designs to evaluate performance in recovering known neural circuitry. Results: HRF-GIMME showed high sensitivity and specificity across all simulated conditions, and it performed well in the recovery of expected relations between convolved task vectors and brain regions in both simulated and empirical data, particularly for the slow event-related design. Conclusion: Results from simulated and empirical data indicate that HRF-GIMME is a powerful new tool for obtaining directed functional connectivity maps of intrinsic and task-related connections that is able to uncover what is common across the sample as well as crucial individual-level path connections and estimates. Impact statement Group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME) is a reliable method for creating functional connectivity maps of the connections between brain regions across time, and it is able to detect what is common across the sample and what is shared between subsets of participants, as well as individual-level path estimates. However, historically, GIMME does not model task-related effects. The novel HRF-GIMME algorithm enables the modeling of direct and modulatory task effects through individual-level estimation of the hemodynamic response function (HRF), presenting a powerful new tool for assessing task effects on functional connectivity networks in functional magnetic resonance imaging data.
PERCEPTION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL TOOLS IN ONLINE LEARNING
Creators: name: INUGUIDAN, JOJO IVAN
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The primary objective of this study was to assess Grade 10 students' perceptions of the effectiveness of digitaltools in online learning. Utilizing a descriptive-survey research design with random sampling, the study foundthat students generally have a positive view of digital tools, agreeing that these tools are user-friendly, easy tonavigate, and enhance their overall learning experience, engagement, and confidence in knowledge acquisition. Digital tools were seen as beneficial for improving comprehension, engagement, focus, and competence. Most students agreed on the advantages of digital tools, such as increased participation, collaboration, motivation, and productivity. However, there were suggestions for personalized adjustments to better fit individual learning styles. The findings highlight that digital tools contribute to better academic performance and engagement. Consequently, it is recommended that teachers continue traditional content discussions while incorporating digital tools in select topics to boost engagement, understanding, motivation, and performance.
Developing a Mobile App (LYNX) to Support Linkage to HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Jones, Jeb
name: Coleman, Kenneth
name: Buchbinder, Susan
name: Garcia, Amayvis
name: Hightow-Weidman, Lisa
name: Bojan, Kelly
name: Oyedele, Temitope
name: Emmanuel, Patricia
name: Liu, Albert
name: Scott, Hyman
name: Serrano, Pedro Alonso
name: Sullivan, Patrick
name: Enriquez-Bruce, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: JMIR Publications
Year: 2019

description: BACKGROUND: Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in the United States have among the highest incidence of HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) and the lowest uptake of HIV and STI testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Nearly universal mobile phone ownership among youth provides an opportunity to leverage mobile health apps to increase HIV/STI testing and PrEP uptake among YMSM. OBJECTIVE: The goals of this project are to develop and refine LYNX, a novel mobile app to support linkage to HIV/STIs testing and PrEP services among YMSM in the United States, and to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of LYNX in a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS: This research protocol will be conducted in 3 phases: an iterative development phase with a series of 3 focus groups among 20 YMSM to refine the LYNX app; an open technical pilot among 15 YMSM to optimize usability of the app; and then a 6-month pilot RCT among 60 HIV-uninfected YMSM at risk for HIV acquisition. Developed using the Information, Motivation, and Behavioral skills theoretical model, the LYNX app includes an electronic diary to track sexual behaviors (information), a personalized risk score to promote accurate risk perception (information/motivation), testing reminders (motivation/behavioral skills), and access to home-based HIV/STI testing options and geospatial-based HIV/STI testing care sites (behavioral skills). Feasibility and acceptability will be assessed through app analytics of usage patterns and acceptability scales administered via computer-assisted self-interview at 3 and 6 months. We will also evaluate preliminary efficacy by comparing the proportion of YMSM who test at least once during the 6-month pilot and the proportion who successfully link to a PrEP provider in the intervention versus control groups. RESULTS: Formative work is currently underway. The LYNX pilot RCT will begin enrollment in October 2018, with study results available in 2019. CONCLUSIONS: The LYNX app is one of the first mobile apps designed to increase HIV/STI testing and PrEP uptake among YMSM. As low-perceived risk is a barrier to HIV/STI testing and PrEP use among youth, the personalized risk assessment and interactive sexual diary in LYNX could assist YMSM in better understanding their HIV risk and providing motivation to test for HIV/STIs and initiate PrEP. Coupled with community-based recruitment, this novel mobile app has great potential to reach and engage YMSM not currently involved in care and increase rates of HIV/STI testing and PrEP uptake in this vulnerable population.
Additional file 1 of Understanding the rise in traditional contraceptive methods use in Uttar Pradesh, India
Creators: name: Namasivayam, Vasanthakumar
name: Dehury, Bidyadhar
name: Prakash, Ravi
name: Becker, Marissa
name: Anand, Preeti
name: Mishra, Ashish
name: Singhal, Shreya
name: Halli, Shivalingappa
name: Blanchard, James
name: Spears, Dean
name: Isac, Shajy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Method-specific definition of correct knowledge. Table S2. Percentage of CMW by their initial contraceptive method according to socio-demographics. Fig. S1. Three-year contraceptive use journey of a cohort of traditional users (a. TM users—15–24 years; b. TM users—25–29 years; c. TM users—30 + years)
Motivational interview training improves self-efficacy of GP interns in vaccination consultations: A study using the Pro-VC-Be to measure vaccine confidence determinants
Creators: name: Garrison, Amanda
name: Fressard, Lisa
name: Mitilian, Eva
name: Gosselin, Virginie
name: Berthiaume, Patrick
name: Casanova, Ludovic
name: Gagneur, Arnaud
name: Verger, Pierre
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Immunization-specific motivational interviewing (MI), a patient-centered communication style used to encourage internal motivation for attitudinal and behavioral change, can provide healthcare professionals (HCPs) with the skills and practice required to respond to patients’ doubts and concerns related to vaccines. We sought to assess the impact of an MI-training of General Practitioner (GP) interns on the psychosocial determinants of their vaccine confidence and behaviors. French GP interns participated in a virtual three-day MI-workshop in southeastern France. We used the validated Pro-VC-Be questionnaire – before and after the MI-workshop spanning over three months – to measure the evolution of these determinants. Scores before and after workshop trainings were compared in pairs. Participants’ scores for commitment to vaccination (+10.5 ± 20.5, P = .001), perceived self-efficacy (+36.0 ± 25.8, P < .0001), openness to patients (+18.7 ± 17.0, P < .0001), and trust in authorities (+9.5 ± 17.2, P = 0.01) significantly increased after the training sessions, but not the score for confidence in vaccines (+1.5 ± 11.9, P = .14). The effect sizes of the four score improvements were moderate to large, with self-efficacy and openness to patients having the largest effect sizes (P = .83 and 0.78, respectively). This study provides evidence that certain determinants of overall vaccine confidence in HCPs, reflected respectively in the openness to patients and self-efficacy scores of the Pro-VC-Be, improve after immunization MI-training workshops. Incorporating immunization-specific MI-training in the curriculum for HCPs could improve several necessary skills to improve HCP-patient relationships and be useful for vaccination and other healthcare services.
Supplemental Material, HospiceQuestionnaire_Word_(1) - Do Health-Care Professionals Really Understand the Role of Occupational Therapy in Hospice Care?
Creators: name: Knecht-Sabres, Lisa Jean
name: Weppner, Ashley
name: Powers, Cassandra
name: Siesel, Brooke
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care

description: Supplemental Material, HospiceQuestionnaire_Word_(1) for Do Health-Care Professionals Really Understand the Role of Occupational Therapy in Hospice Care? by Lisa Jean Knecht-Sabres, Ashley Weppner, Cassandra Powers, and Brooke Siesel in American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®
Essays on macroeconomic linkages to equity risk premiums
Creators: name: Wu, Zhiting
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: HG4636.W8

description: This dissertation mainly improves our understanding of the linkage between asset prices and the business cycle movements. In this dissertation, I first offer two extensions to enhance the performances of a consumption-based asset pricing model of loss aversion preference. Second, I propose a new habit sensitivity function in a production-based asset pricing model to explain the equity premium and size premium. Besides, I identify that long-run productivity risk is one of the potential driving forces behind the investment-based q-factor asset pricing model. The whole dissertation consists of three essays. In the first essay, I incorporate the recursive utility into Pagel’s reference-dependent preference and study their aggregate implications in a consumption-based asset pricing model. In the case of recursive utility, the proposed model reproduces crucial asset pricing moments and time-varying risk premiums with a simple IID process for consumption growth. Second, the proposed model consistently predict that agent prefers a late resolution of uncertainty in both time-separable and recursive utility. My additional finding is that intertemporal substitution elasticity is more sensitive to asset prices given the recursive preference. Finally, the introduction of sluggish-updating can improve the model performances. In the second essay, I study the interaction between lumpy investment and asset prices in both time-series and cross-section. To this end, I work with a variant of habit sensitivity function introduced in Campbell and Cochrane. The model produces 100% equity volatility of data by generating volatile marginal utility under the assumption of non-convex adjustment costs. Second, the model reproduces nearly 100% equity premiums of data because it assigns large weights on precautionary savings and constrained firms, respectively. Furthermore, the model can rationalise considerable size premiums as small firms absorb more productivity risks. Finally, the model matches key macroeconomic moments and the cross-sectional investment rate. In the third essay, I incorporate the productivity risks into an investment-based q-factor asset pricing model. The productivity risks factors broadly summarise the cross-sectional portfolio return, in which the time-varying volatility plays an important role. A parsimonious q-factor model driven by productivity risks explains about 90% variation of return of 25 Size/BM portfolios and around 75% variation of return of 160 portfolios, which is comparable to the Fama-French multifactor models, the Carhart four-factor model, and the Hou et al. q⁵ model. As such, productivity growth risks can be one of the potential driving forces of investment-based factor models.
Estimating the impact of influenza vaccination of low-risk 50–64-year-olds on acute and ICU hospital bed usage in an influenza season under endemic COVID-19 in the UK
Creators: name: Nguyen, Van Hung
name: Ashraf, Mansoor
name: Mould-Quevedo, Joaquin F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Co-circulation of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to place considerable strain on health-care services. We estimate the cost-effectiveness and health-care resource utilization impacts of influenza vaccination of low-risk 50–64-y-olds in the United Kingdom (UK) against a background SARS-CoV-2 circulation. A dynamic susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model was used to simulate influenza transmission, with varying rates of vaccine coverage in the low-risk 50–64 y age-group. Four scenarios were evaluated: no vaccination (baseline), 40%, 50%, and 60% coverage. For the 50% and 60% coverage, this rate was also applied to high-risk 50–64-y-olds, whereas 48.6% was used for the baseline and 40% coverage scenarios. Cost-effectiveness was estimated in terms of humanistic outcomes and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), with discounting applied at 3%. Overall, influenza vaccination of 50–64-y-olds resulted in reductions in GP visits, hospitalizations, and deaths, with a reduction in influenza-related mortality of 34%, 41%, and 52% for 40%, 50%, and 60% coverage, respectively. All four scenarios resulted in acute and intensive care unit (ICU) bed occupancy levels above available capacity, although vaccination of low-risk 50–64-y-olds resulted in a 35–54% and 16–25% decrease in excess acute and ICU bed requirements, respectively. Vaccination of this group against influenza was highly cost-effective from the payer perspective, with ICERs of £2,200–£2,343/quality-adjusted life year across the coverage rates evaluated. In conclusion, in the UK, vaccination of low-risk 50–64-y-olds against influenza is cost-effective and can aid in alleviating bed shortages in a situation where influenza and SARS-CoV-2 are co-circulating.
Supplemental_File_5 - Documentation of breakthrough pain in narrative clinical records of children with life-limiting conditions: Feasibility of a retrospective review
Creators: name: Oostendorp, Linda JM
name: Dilini Rajapakse
name: Kelly, Paula
name: Crocker, Joanna
name: Dinsdale, Andrew
name: Fraser, Lorna
name: Bluebond-Langner, Myra
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: 111403 Paediatrics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental_File_5 for Documentation of breakthrough pain in narrative clinical records of children with life-limiting conditions: Feasibility of a retrospective review by Linda JM Oostendorp, Dilini Rajapakse, Paula Kelly, Joanna Crocker, Andrew Dinsdale, Lorna Fraser, and Myra Bluebond-Langner in Journal of Child Health Care
MSJ813287_supplementary_figure – Supplemental material for Necessity of technicians for computerized neuropsychological assessment devices in multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Wojcik, Curtis M
name: Rao, Stephen M
name: Schembri, Adrian J
name: Drake, Allison S
name: Maruff, Paul
name: Schindler, David
name: Alberts, Jay
name: Faizan Yasin
name: Pol, Jeta
name: Weinstock-Guttman, Bianca
name: Benedict, Ralph HB
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, MSJ813287_supplementary_figure for Necessity of technicians for computerized neuropsychological assessment devices in multiple sclerosis by Curtis M Wojcik, Stephen M Rao, Adrian J Schembri, Allison S Drake, Paul Maruff, David Schindler, Jay Alberts, Faizan Yasin, Jeta Pol, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman and Ralph HB Benedict in Multiple Sclerosis Journal
The collective voice of early phase COVID-19 vaccine trial participants: Insights for improving confidence in novel vaccines
Creators: name: Thomas, Tonia M.
name: Hodgson, Susanne H.
name: Emary, Katherine
name: Patrick-Smith, Maia
name: Naude, Rebecca te Water
name: Stuart, Arabella S. V.
name: Henry, John
name: English, Marcus
name: Moore, Maria
name: Douglas, Naomi
name: Pollard, Andrew J.
name: Vanderslott, Samantha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: In early 2020, adult volunteers were invited to participate in a first-in-human trial of the COVID-19 vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, in the United Kingdom (UK) at the height of the global pandemic when there was uncertainty regarding vaccine efficacy and side-effects. We conducted a retrospective survey of these uniquely situated individuals to gain insight into their views about the risks, motivations, and expectations of the trial and potential vaccine deployment. Our data from 349 respondents show that these volunteers were educated to a high-level with a clear understanding of the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as an appreciation of the role of science and research in developing a vaccine to address this global problem. Individuals were primarily motivated with altruistic intent and expressed a desire to contribute to the scientific effort. Respondents appreciated that their participation was associated with risk but appeared comfortable that this risk was low. Through our analysis, we highlight these individuals as a group with strong levels of trust in science and a sense of societal responsibility, and therefore are a potential valuable resource to improve confidence in novel vaccines. Vaccine trial participants could offer a credible collective voice to support positive messaging around vaccination.
Differences between race and sex in measures of hip morphology: a population-based comparative study
Creators: name: Hunter, D.J.
name: Arden, N.K.
name: Edwards, K.
name: Leyland, K.M.
name: Spector, T.D.
name: Sanchez-Santos, M.T.
name: Jordan, J.M.
name: Arden, C.P.
name: Nevitt, M.
name: Nelson, A.E.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2019

description: OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to (i) identify differences in measures of hip morphology between four racial groups using anteroposterior (AP) hip x-rays, and (ii) examine whether these differences vary by sex. METHODS: 912 hip x-rays (456 individuals) from four racial groups (European Caucasians, American Caucasians, African Americans and Chinese) were obtained. Males and females (45-75 years) with no radiographic hip OA (Kellgren and Lawrence < Grade 2 or Croft < Grade 1) were included. Eleven features of hip joint morphology were analysed. Linear regression with generalised estimating equations (GEE) was used to determine race and sex differences in hip morphology. Post-hoc Bonferroni procedure was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: The final analysis included 875 hips. Chinese hips showed significant differences for the majority of measures to other racial groups. Chinese were characterised by more shallow and narrow acetabular sockets, reduced femoral head coverage, smaller femoral head diameter, and a lesser angle of alignment between the femoral neck and shaft. Variation was found between other racial groups, but with few statistically significant differences. The average of lateral centre edge angle, minimum neck width and neck length differed between race and sex (p-value for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences were found in measures of morphology between Chinese hips compared to African Americans or Caucasian groups; these may explain variation in hip OA prevalence rates between these groups and the lower rate of hip OA in Chinese. Sex differences were also identified, which may further explain male-female prevalence differences for OA.
supplemental_appendix – Supplemental material for Elections as Causes of Democratization: Southeast Asia in Comparative Perspective
Creators: name: Morgenbesser, Lee
name: Pepinsky, Thomas B.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Supplemental material, supplemental_appendix for Elections as Causes of Democratization: Southeast Asia in Comparative Perspective by Lee Morgenbesser and Thomas B. Pepinsky in Comparative Political Studies
Predicting COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Armenia using the Health Belief Model: Results from a nationwide survey
Creators: name: Harutyunyan, Tsovinar
name: Sargsyan, Zhanna
name: Sahakyan, Serine
name: Chiloyan, Araz
name: Melkomian, Dzovinar Melkom
name: Khachadourian, Vahe
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Health behavior theories have been effectively used for studying populations’ awareness, attitudes, and beliefs related to COVID-19 preventative behaviors. The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in the Armenian population using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a framework. We applied stratified two-stage random sampling to conduct a telephone survey of 3,483 adults in 2021. The multi-domain survey instrument included questions on socio-demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related knowledge, COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and self-efficacy beliefs, sources of information on COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccination practice, and its benefits and barriers. We performed bivariate and hierarchical multivariate regression analysis with the entry of variables in blocks. In total, about 12% of the sample (n = 393) was vaccinated against COVID-19. Of 2,838 unvaccinated participants, about 53% (n = 1516) had an intention to get vaccinated. The final hierarchical logistic regression model containing socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about COVID-19, and HBM constructs explained 43% of the variance in the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Participants’ age, employment status, average monthly expenditures, perceived threat, benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action were significant and independent predictors of the intention to get COVID-19 vaccination. This study confirmed the utility of the HBM in highlighting drivers of an important health-protective behavior in the context of pandemics. Health policy makers, communication specialists, and healthcare providers should particularly stress the effectiveness and safety of the vaccines in their efforts to increase vaccination rates and focus on unemployed and low-income population groups.
Clinical trials show similar safety outcomes including febrile convulsion rates for GSK’s and Merck’s measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines
Creators: name: Habib, Md Ahsan
name: Povey, Michael
name: Casabona, Giacomo
name: Singh, Tina
name: Abu-Elyazeed, Remon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines produced by GSK (GSK-MMR) and Merck (Merck-MMR) have demonstrated effectiveness and an acceptable safety profile, as documented over decades of post-licensure use in various regions worldwide. In the United States, 2 doses of the MMR vaccine are recommended at the ages of 12–15 months and 4–6 years. All-cause febrile convulsions have the highest incidence at 12–18 months of age, when the first MMR vaccine dose is administered. Because febrile convulsions can also occur rarely after MMR vaccine administration, we reviewed safety data of the GSK-MMR compared to the Merck-MMR vaccine from 4 clinical trials that evaluated a first dose in 12–15-month-olds and 2 clinical trials that evaluated a second dose in ≥4-year-olds. Overall frequencies of febrile convulsions were ≤0.4% across studies and vaccine groups. The frequency of febrile convulsions occurring 7–10 days post-vaccination with the GSK-MMR vaccine (5.7/10,000) was generally consistent with previously published data. The other safety outcomes were similar between the GSK-MMR and Merck-MMR vaccines in both age groups. Hence, as recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, the GSK-MMR vaccine can also be used for routine immunization of children according to the current immunization schedule in the United States to prevent MMR.
Development and Validation of the Youth Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Stigma Scale
Creators: name: Budhwani, Henna
name: Yiğit, İbrahim
name: Maragh-Bass, Allysha C.
name: Muessig, Kathryn E.
name: Hightow-Weidman, Lisa B.
name: Rainer, Crissi B.
name: Claude, Kristina
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description: To date, there are no established scales to assess PrEP stigma among youth. We validated the Youth PrEP Stigma Scale within the Adolescent Trials Network P3 study (2019-2021). Data from sexual and gender minority youth (16-24 years) who were prescribed PrEP across nine domestic sites were evaluated (N=235). Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and correlation coefficients are reported. Results yielded a three-factor solution (PrEP Disapproval by Others, Enacted PrEP Stigma, and PrEP User Stereotypes) with strong factor loadings and Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.83 to 0.90, suggesting excellent internal consistency. Correlations between this Scale, anticipated HIV stigma, perceived HIV risk, and disclosure of sexual identity were significant, indicating potential for robust application. Given the persistence of HIV infections among youth, stigma as a barrier to prevention, and expansion of PrEP modalities, the Youth PrEP Stigma Scale could enhance intervention and mechanistic research among youth at elevated risk for HIV acquisition.
Foundations for improved vaccine correlate of risk analysis using positive-unlabeled learning
Creators: name: Kelkar, Natasha S.
name: Morrison, Kyle S.
name: Ackerman, Margaret E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Insights into mechanisms of protection afforded by vaccine efficacy field trials can be complicated by both low rates of exposure and protection. However, these barriers do not preclude the discovery of correlates of reduced risk (CoR) of infection, which are a critical first step in defining correlates of protection (CoP). Given the significant investment in large-scale human vaccine efficacy trials and immunogenicity data collected to support CoR discovery, novel approaches for analyzing efficacy trials to optimally support discovery of CoP are critically needed. By simulating immunological data and evaluating several machine learning approaches, this study lays the groundwork for deploying Positive/Unlabeled (P/U) learning methods, which are designed to differentiate between two groups in cases where only one group has a definitive label and the other remains ambiguous. This description applies to case–control analysis designs for field trials of vaccine efficacy: infected subjects, or cases, are by definition unprotected, whereas uninfected subjects, or controls, may have been either protected or unprotected but simply never exposed. Here, we investigate the value of applying P/U learning to classify study subjects using model immunogenicity data based on predicted protection status in order to support new insights into mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection from infection. We demonstrate that P/U learning methods can reliably infer protection status, supporting the discovery of simulated CoP that are not observed in conventional comparisons of infection status cases and controls, and we propose next steps necessary for the practical deployment of this novel approach to correlate discovery.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-conventional histologies of renal-cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Bersanelli, Melissa
name: Rebuzzi, Sara Elena
name: Roviello, Giandomenico
name: Catalano, Martina
name: Brunelli, Matteo
name: Rizzo, Mimma
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: For years, prospective randomized clinical trials excluded patients with non-conventional histologies of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The paucity of data has led to adopting the same treatment strategies used for clear-cell RCC (ccRCC). In the present narrative review, we explored state of the art about use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in variant histologies of RCC. According to the results collected, ICIs as monotherapy showed promising antitumor activity in advanced non-clear cell (ncc)RCC. The objective response rate (ORR) was similar to that observed with single-agent anti-PD-1 in the ccRCC population, either in the first-line or the second-line setting, and responder patients experienced an early and durable benefit. Combined ICI-based strategies have shown increasing evidence in nccRCC and robust results in the sarcomatoid variants of RCC. A definitive recommendation about treating non-conventional histologies, either in adjuvant or metastatic settings, should be supported by more extensive dedicated trials.
Different Phenotypes of Osteoarthritis in the Lumbar Spine Reflected by Demographic and Clinical Characteristics: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Creators: name: Goode, Adam P.
name: Schwartz, Todd A.
name: Jordan, Joanne M.
name: Kraus, Virginia B.
name: Cleveland, Rebecca J.
name: Gracely, Richard H.
name: Golightly, Yvonne M.
name: George, Steven Z.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2020

description: OBJECTIVE: To determine if associations between demographic and clinical characteristics and appendicular joint osteoarthritis (OA) reflect different phenotypes of OA in the lumbar spine. METHODS: Participants were from the Johnston County OA Project. Demographic information consisted of age, sex, and race (white and African American), and clinical characteristics consisted of body mass index (BMI), low back pain and injury, and knee, hip, and hand OA. Participants were categorized as having spine OA, facet joint OA, both spine OA and facet joint OA, or neither spine OA nor facet joint OA (referent group). Multinomial regression models were used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: Of 1,793 participants, the mean ± SD age was 66.2 ± 10.1 years, and the mean ± SD BMI was 30.7 ± 6.2. The majority of the participants were women (n = 1,144 [63.8%]), and 31.8% of the participants (n = 570) were African American. Eighteen percent of participants had neither spine OA nor facet joint OA, 22.8% had facet joint OA, 13.2% had spine OA, and 46.0% had both spine OA and facet joint OA. In adjusted analyses, African Americans were less likely to have facet joint OA (OR 0.68 [95% CI 0.49-0.95]) or both spine OA and facet joint OA (OR 0.51 [95% CI 0.37-0.70]). Women were more likely to have facet joint OA (OR 1.71 [95% CI 1.24-2.36]). Having a BMI of ≥30 was associated with having facet joint OA (OR 1.76 [95% CI 1.28-2.42]) and both spine OA and facet joint OA (OR 1.85 [95% CI 1.37-2.51]). Knee OA was associated with all 3 OA groups, while lower back injury was associated only with those with spine OA. Participants with hip OA were less likely to have facet joint OA. CONCLUSION: Race, sex, BMI, hip OA, and lower back injury may help identify different OA phenotypes in the lumbar spine.
Effectiveness of a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines during an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.2 in China: A case–control study
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaqing
name: Wang, Yao
name: Hu, Chengyang
name: Xu, Pengpeng
name: Ma, Liguo
name: Liu, Lei
name: Sun, Jie
name: Liu, Yang
name: Yang, Hui
name: Pan, Fan
name: Hu, Jieying
name: Cao, Chengsong
name: Cheng, Kai
name: Gao, Dawei
name: Lyu, Yong
name: Qin, Wei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Real-world evidence on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines marketed in China against the Omicron BA.2.2 variant remains scarce. A case–control study was conducted to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of COVID-19 vaccines marketed in China (inactivated vaccines, an Ad5-nCoV vaccine, and a recombinant protein vaccine). There were 414 cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 828 close contacts whose test results were consecutively negative as controls during the outbreak of the Omicron variant in Lu’an City, Anhui Province, China, in April 2022. The overall adjusted VE against Omicron BA.2.2 variant infection in the vaccinated group with any COVID-19 vaccine was 35.0% (95% CI: −9.1–61.3%), whereas the adjusted VE for booster vaccination was 51.6% (95% CI: 15.2–72.4%). Subgroup analysis showed that the overall adjusted VE of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine (65.8%, 95% CI: 12.8–86.6%) during the outbreak while any dose of inactivated vaccines and recombinant protein vaccine offered no protection. The adjusted VE of three-dose inactivated vaccines was 48.0% (95% CI: 8.0–70.6%), and the two-dose Ad5-nCoV vaccine was 62.9% (95% CI: 1.8–86%). There is no protection from a three-dose recombinant protein vaccine. COVID-19 vaccines offered 46.8% (95% CI: 9.5–68.7%) protection from infection within six months. There were statistically significant differences between the VEs of heterologous booster (VE = 76.4%, 95% CI: 14.3–93.5%) and homologous booster vaccination (VE = 51.8%, 95% CI: 9.6–74.3%) (P = .036). Booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccines offered more protection than full vaccination. A booster vaccination campaign for a booster dose after three doses of a recombinant protein vaccine must be urgently conducted.
Additional file 7 of Methodological approaches to study context in intervention implementation studies: an evidence gap map
Creators: name: Mielke, Juliane
name: Brunkert, Thekla
name: Zúñiga, Franziska
name: Simon, Michael
name: Zullig, Leah L.
name: De Geest, Sabina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7: Overview of contextual factors identified in implementation intervention studies (mapped according to the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) framework (1)).
Supplemental material for Large-scale loyalty card data in health research
Creators: name: Nevalainen, Jaakko
name: Maijaliisa Erkkola
name: Saarijärvi, Hannu
name: Näppilä, Turkka
name: Fogelholm, Mikael
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Cardiology
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: 111299 Oncology and Carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 200299 Cultural Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Science Policy
subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Sociology

description: Supplemental Material for Large-scale loyalty card data in health research by Jaakko Nevalainen, Maijaliisa Erkkola, Hannu Saarijärvi, Turkka Näppilä and Mikael Fogelholm in Digital Health