cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Alone and in Combination With Exercise and Caloric Restriction on Insulin Sensitivity and Lipids
Creators: name: Hinderliter, A.
name: Watkins, L. L.
name: Feinglos, M.
name: Sherwood, A.
name: Wang, J. T.
name: Lin, P. H.
name: Blumenthal, J. A.
name: Babyak, M. A.
name: Craighead, L.
name: Johnson, J.
name: Kuhn, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This study examined the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on insulin sensitivity and lipids. In a randomized control trial, 144 overweight (body mass index 25–40) men (N= 47) and women (N= 97) with high blood pressure (130–159/85–99 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to either: (1) DASH diet alone (DASH-A); (2) DASH diet with aerobic exercise and caloric restriction (DASH-WM); or usual diet controls (UC). Body composition, fitness, insulin sensitivity, and fasting lipids were measured before and following 4 months of treatment. Insulin sensitivity was estimated based on glucose and insulin levels in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load. Participants in the DASH-WM condition lost weight (−8.7 [95% CI = −2.0, −9.7] kg,), and exhibited a significant increase in aerobic capacity, while the DASH-A and UC participants maintained their weight (−0.3 [95% CI = −1.2, 0.5] kg and +0.9 [95% CI = 0.0, 1.7] kg, respectively) and had no improvement in exercise capacity. DASH-WM demonstrated lower glucose levels following the oral glucose load, improved insulin sensitivity, and lower total cholesterol and triglycerides compared to both DASH-A and UC, and lower fasting glucose and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to UC; DASH-A participants generally did not differ from UC in these measures. Combining the DASH diet with exercise and weight loss resulted in significant improvements in insulin sensitivity and lipids. Despite clinically significant reductions in blood pressure, the DASH diet alone, without caloric restriction or exercise, resulted in minimal improvements in insulin sensitivity or lipids.
The fully non-linear post-Friedmann frame-dragging vector potential: Magnitude and time evolution from N-body simulations
Creators: name: Thomas, Daniel B.
name: Bruni, Marco
name: Wands, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Newtonian simulations are routinely used to examine the matter dynamics on non-linear scales. However, even on these scales, Newtonian gravity is not a complete description of gravitational effects. A post-Friedmann approach shows that the leading order correction to Newtonian theory is a vector potential in the metric. This vector potential can be calculated from N-body simulations, requiring a method for extracting the velocity field. Here, we present the full details of our calculation of the post-Friedmann vector potential, using the Delauney Tesselation Field Estimator (DTFE) code. We include a detailed examination of the robustness of our numerical result, including the effects of box size and mass resolution on the extracted fields. We present the power spectrum of the vector potential and find that the power spectrum of the vector potential is $\sim 10^5$ times smaller than the power spectrum of the fully non-linear scalar gravitational potential at redshift zero. Comparing our numerical results to perturbative estimates, we find that the fully non-linear result can be more than an order of magnitude larger than the perturbative estimate on small scales. We extend the analysis of the vector potential to multiple redshifts, showing that this ratio persists over a range of scales and redshifts. We also comment on the implications of our results for the validity and interpretation of Newtonian simulations.
description: Matches version published in MNRAS; substantially reduced number of figures compared to v1. Supplementary figures available at MNRAS website or in v1. Detailed follow up to http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.1562
Endothelial Dysfunction and the Risk of Hypertension: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Shea, S.
name: Polak, J. F.
name: Viera, A. J.
name: Shimbo, D.
name: Homma, S.
name: Barr, R. G.
name: Mann, D.
name: Herrington, D.
name: Muntner, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Hypertension is associated with impaired endothelial function in cross-sectional studies. However, few longitudinal data exist on whether endothelial dysfunction precedes the development of hypertension. We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between endothelial-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and hypertension prevalence and incidence in 3,500 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), an ethnically diverse, community-based cohort study. At baseline, the prevalence ratios (95% CI) of hypertension from the highest to the lowest quartile of FMD were 1.00 (referent), 1.26 (1.12 – 1.40), 1.35 (1.21 – 1.52), and 1.68 (1.50 – 1.87) (linear trend P < 0.001). This association remained (P = 0.017) after adjustment for demographics (age, gender, ethnicity), MESA site, and other risk factors. Of the 1,869 participants without hypertension at baseline, 584 (31.3%) developed hypertension over a median follow-up of 4.8 years. The unadjusted relative risks (95% CI) of incident hypertension from the highest to the lowest quartile of FMD were 1.00 (referent), 1.38 (1.14 – 1.67), 1.44 (1.19 – 1.74), and 1.64 (1.36 – 1.97) (linear trend P < 0.001). However, after adjustment for demographics and MESA site, the relationship between FMD and incident hypertension was attenuated and not statistically significant: 1.00 (referent), 1.26 (1.04 – 1.52), 1.19 (0.98 – 1.44), and 1.18 (0.97 – 1.44). The longitudinal results also did not appreciably change after adjustment for additional risk factors and baseline blood pressure levels. In this sample, reduced FMD was not an independent predictor of hypertension incidence, suggesting that impaired endothelial function does not play a major role in the development of hypertension.
Skew monoidal monoids
Creators: name: Szlachanyi, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Skew monoidal categories are monoidal categories with non-invertible `coherence' morphisms. As shown in a previous paper bialgebroids over a ring R can be characterized as the closed skew monoidal structures on the category Mod R in which the unit object is R. This offers a new approach to bialgebroids and Hopf algebroids. Little is known about skew monoidal structures on general categories. In the present paper we study the one-object case: skew monoidal monoids (SMM). We show that they possess a dual pair of bialgebroids describing the symmetries of the (co)module categories of the SMM. These bialgebroids are submonoids of their own base and are rank 1 free over the base on the source side. We give various equivalent definitions of SMM, study the structure of their (co)module categories and discuss the possible closed and Hopf structures on a SMM.
description: 17 pages
Orthostatic Hypotension and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Creators: name: Franceschini, N.
name: Couper, D.
name: Astor, B. C.
name: Vupputuri, S.
name: Rose, K. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is associated with increased rates of cardiovascular disease and mortality, particularly among middle-aged persons. However, little is known about the association of OH with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
MOESM1 of Combining health insurance funds in a fragmented context: what kind of challenges should be considered?
Creators: name: Bazyar, Mohammad
name: Rashidian, Arash
name: Sakha, Minoo Alipouri
name: Mahdavi, Mohammad Vaez
name: Doshmangir, Leila
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide for merging health insurance schemes in Iran.
title: Beyond the 'Proletarian turn': Black workers, the rise of organized labour and the fragile foundations of civil rights protest in the urban North during the New Deal
Creators: name: Ayers, Oliver
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: This dissertation offers a fresh interpretation of the impact of the rise of organized labour on black working communities during the New Deal. Labour historians have detailed the racial practices of the numerous unions who grew in size and strength during the 1930s, while studies of black civil rights have probed the experiences of black leadership groups who advocated support for black participation in industrial unionism. A new overarching paradigm of civil rights struggle has emerged which praises the emergence of a powerful left-oriented, union-based rights movement. This dissertation argues that this interpretation is flawed for failing to place the constituency who supposedly benefitted from the rise of labour in a central role: black workers. This dissertation builds its analysis of the rise of unionism upon the experiences of black workers. It is in this context that assessments of the achievements of leadership groups should be conducted. A comparative methodology focusing on Detroit and New York City is employed. Chapters 1 and 2 recreate the local experiences of black workers in the foundational period of biracial unionization between 1933 and 1941. Two key themes emerge. First, the distribution of black workers in specific local settings offered the potential for concentrated groups of workers to use organized labour as a vehicle to advance black rights. In addition, existing constraints on black employment were often reinforced by unions’ increased power. Similarly, the interconnected control of employment by unions, government and management groups opened up new avenues of protest, but could also make identifying and tackling the sources of workers' discrimination more difficult. Both of these issues highlight the contradictory impact of unionization on black workers' lives while also demonstrating the demand for coordinated activism placed upon protest leaders. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 assess the extent to which opponents of organized labour, local supporters of organized labour and national civil rights groups were able to take up the agenda called for by workers. The recurrent failure to establish effective and coordinated protest coalitions lay not necessarily in the ideological or political failings of protest leaders. The unique demands for multifaceted and coordinated activism ultimately proved beyond the capacity of protest leaders. As a result, appraisals of the rise of labour need to be removed from value-laden conceptions that celebrate the ‘opportunities found’ for working rights protest. Instead, by emphasizing the fragile foundations of labour-based protest, it is suggested that the renewed focus on workers’ lives allows for an altogether new way of examining the influence of the New Deal on the black freedom struggle.
The Impact of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase 1 on Blood Pressure Is Determined by Genetic Background
Creators: name: Audoly, L. P.
name: Griffiths, R.
name: Koller, B. H.
name: Facemire, C. S.
name: Coffman, T. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Prostaglandin (PG) E2 has multiple actions that may affect blood pressure. It is synthesized from arachidonic acid by the sequential actions of phospholipases, cyclooxygenases, and PGE synthases. While microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES1) is the only genetically-verified PGE synthase, results of previous studies examining the consequences of mPGES1-deficiency on blood pressure (BP) are conflicting. To determine whether genetic background modifies the impact of mPGES1 on BP, we generated mPGES1−/− mice on two distinct inbred backgrounds, DBA/1lacJ and 129/SvEv. On the DBA/1 background, baseline BP was similar between wild-type (WT) and mPGES1−/− mice. By contrast, on the 129 background, baseline BPs were significantly higher in mPGES1−/− animals than WT controls. During angiotensin II infusion, the DBA/1 mPGES1−/− and WT mice developed mild hypertension of similar magnitude, while 129-mPGES1−/− mice developed more severe hypertension than WT controls. DBA/1 animals developed only minimal albuminuria in response to angiotensin II infusion. By contrast, WT 129 mice had significantly higher levels of albumin excretion than WT DBA/1 and the extent of albuminuria was further augmented in 129 mPGES1−/− animals. In WT mice of both strains, the increase in urinary excretion of PGE2 with angiotensin II was attenuated in mPGES1−/− animals. Urinary excretion of thromboxane was unaffected by angiotensin II in the DBA/1 lines but increased more than 4-fold in 129 mPGES1−/− mice. These data indicate that genetic background significantly modifies the BP response to mPGES1 deficiency. Exaggerated production of thromboxane may contribute to the robust hypertension and albuminuria in 129 mPGES1-deficient mice.
Direct reconstruction of dynamical dark energy from observational Hubble parameter data
Creators: name: Liu, Zhi-E
name: Yu, Hao-Ran
name: Zhang, Tong-Jie
name: Tang, Yan-Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reconstructing the evolution history of the dark energy equation of state parameter $w(z)$ directly from observational data is highly valuable in cosmology, since it contains substantial clues in understanding the nature of the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Many works have focused on reconstructing $w(z)$ using Type Ia supernova data, however, only a few studies pay attention to Hubble parameter data. In the present work, we explore the merit of Hubble parameter data and make an attempt to reconstruct $w(z)$ from them through the principle component analysis approach. We find that current Hubble parameter data perform well in reconstructing $w(z)$; though, when compared to supernova data, the data are scant and their quality is worse. Both $Λ$CDM and evolving $w(z)$ models can be constrained within $10\%$ at redshifts $z \lesssim 1.5$ and even $5\%$ at redshifts 0.1 $\lesssim$ z $\lesssim$ 1 by using simulated $H(z)$ data of observational quality.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures
Genetic Variation in Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (EPHX2) Is Associated With Forearm Vasodilator Responses in Humans
Creators: name: Pretorius, M.
name: Zeldin, D. C.
name: Bartlett, J.
name: Brown, N. J.
name: Schuck, R. N.
name: Williams, S. M.
name: Lee, C. R.
name: Burch, L. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Cytochrome P450-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are potent vasodilators in preclinical models and are hydrolyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2). Associations between the EPHX2 Lys55Arg and Arg287Gln polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease risk have been reported; however, their impact on vascular function in humans has not been investigated. In 265 volunteers (198 white, 67 black American), forearm blood flow was measured by strain-gauge venous occlusion plethysmography at baseline and in response to bradykinin, methacholine and sodium nitroprusside. Forearm vascular resistance was calculated as mean arterial pressure/forearm blood flow. In white Americans, Lys55Arg genotype was associated with vasodilator response to bradykinin, such that forearm blood flow was significantly lower (P=0.043) and forearm vascular resistance was significantly higher (P=0.013) in Arg55 variant allele carriers compared to wild-type individuals. Significant associations were also observed with methacholine and sodium nitroprusside. In contrast, no relationship was observed in black Americans. In black Americans, Arg287Gln genotype was associated with vasodilator response to bradykinin. Although the difference in forearm blood flow did not reach statistical significance (P=0.058), forearm vascular resistance was significantly lower (P=0.037) in Gln287 variant allele carriers compared to wild-type individuals. Significant associations were also observed with methacholine and sodium nitroprusside. In white Americans, Gln287 variant allele carriers did not exhibit significantly higher forearm blood flow (P=0.128) or lower forearm vascular resistance (P=0.080). Genetic variation in EPHX2 is associated with forearm vasodilator responses in a bradykinin receptor- and endothelium-independent manner, suggesting an important role for soluble epoxide hydrolase in the regulation of vascular function in humans.
A panel data analysis of hospital variations in length of stay for hip replacements: Private versus public
Creators: name: Meng, Yan
name: Zhao, Xueyan
name: Zhang, Xibin
name: Gao, Jiti
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Inequality between private and public patients in Australia has been an ongoing
A characterization of maximal operators associated with radial Fourier multipliers
Creators: name: Kim, Jongchon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a simple necessary and sufficient condition for maximal operators associated with radial Fourier multipliers to be bounded on $L^p_{rad}$ and $L^p$ for certain $p$ greater than $2$. The range of exponents obtained for the $L^p_{rad}$ characterization is optimal for the given condition. The $L^p$ characterization is derived from an inequality of Heo, Nazarov, and Seeger regarding a characterization of radial Fourier multipliers.
description: Final version, 9 pages. Accepted for publication in Proceedings of the AMS
Systolic Blood Pressure, Socioeconomic Status, and Biobehavioral Risk Factors in a Nationally Representative US Young Adult Sample
Creators: name: Babyak, M. A.
name: Williams, R. B.
name: Shanahan, M.
name: Siegler, I. C.
name: Brummett, B. H.
name: Harris, K. M.
name: Elder, G. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a US longitudinal study of over 15,000 young adults, we examined the extent to which socioeconomic status is linked to systolic blood pressure, and whether biobehavioral risk factors mediate the association. Over 62% of the participants had systolic blood pressure >120 mmHg and 12% with systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg. Over 66% were classified as at least overweight (Body Mass Index>25 kg/m2), with over 36% meeting criteria for at least Class I obesity (Body Mass Index>30 kg/m2). Multivariate models showed that higher household income and being married were independently associated with lower systolic blood pressure. Higher body mass index, greater waist circumference, smoking, and higher alcohol intake were each independently associated with higher systolic blood pressure. Meditational analyses suggested that higher education level was associated with lower systolic blood pressure by way of lower body mass, smaller waist circumference, and lower resting heart rate. When these indirect effects were accounted for, education was not significantly associated with systolic blood pressure. In contrast, household income remained associated with systolic blood pressure even with control for all covariates. Results reinforce current public health concerns about rates of obesity and high blood pressure among young adults and suggest that disparities in education level and household income may play an important role the observed decrements in health. Identifying modifiable mechanisms that link socioeconomic status to systolic blood pressure using data from a large representative sample may improve risk stratification and guide the development of effective interventions.
Orthostatic Hypotension as a Risk Factor for Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Creators: name: Loehr, L.
name: Rosamond, W. D.
name: Franceschini, N.
name: Jones, C. D.
name: Chang, P. P.
name: Rose, K. M.
name: Couper, D. J.
name: Shahar, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Heart failure causes significant morbidity and mortality. Distinguishing risk factors for incident heart failure can help identify at-risk individuals. Orthostatic hypotension may be a risk factor for incident heart failure; however, this association has not been fully explored, especially in non-white populations.
Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis Reveals Transethnic Replication of Mean Arterial and Pulse Pressure Loci
Creators: name: Zhang, S.
name: Chen, P.
name: Gao, Y.-T.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Teo, Y. Y.
name: Tai, E. S.
name: Kim, Y. J.
name: Kita, Y.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Tabara, Y.
name: Yang, C.-F.
name: Takeuchi, F.
name: Gu, D.
name: Lee, N. R.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Go, M. J.
name: Katsuya, T.
name: Peng, H.
name: Shu, X.-O.
name: Chang, L.-C.
name: Kelly, T. N.
name: Nakashima, E.
name: Li, C.
name: Li, H.
name: Adair, L. S.
name: Zhao, Q.
name: Chen, C.-H.
name: Ohkubo, T.
name: Nabika, T.
name: Kim, N. H.
name: Lu, L.
name: Edwards, T. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: We conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure among 26,600 East Asian participants (stage-1) followed by replication study of up to 28,783 participants (stage-2). For novel loci, statistical significance was determined by a P<5.0×10−8 in joint analysis of stage-1 and stage-2 data. For loci reported by the previous mean arterial and pulse pressure genome-wide association study meta-analysis in Europeans, evidence of trans-ethnic replication was determined by consistency in effect direction and a Bonferroni-corrected P<1.4×10−3. No novel loci were identified by the current study. Five independent mean arterial pressure variants demonstrated robust evidence for trans-ethnic replication including rs17249754 at ATP2B1 (P=7.5×10−15), rs2681492 at ATP2B1 (P=3.4×10−7), rs11191593 at NT5C2 (1.1×10−6), rs3824755 at CYP17A1 (P=1.2×10−6), and rs13149993 at FGF5 (P=2.4×10−4). Two additional variants showed suggestive evidence of trans-ethnic replication (consistency in effect direction and P<0.05), including rs319690 at MAP4 (P=0.014) and rs1173771 at NPR3 (P=0.018). For pulse pressure, robust evidence of replication was identified for 2 independent variants, including rs17249754 at ATP2B1 (P=1.2×10−5) and rs11191593 at NT5C2 (P=1.1×10−3), with suggestive evidence of replication among an additional 2 variants including rs3824755 at CYP17A1 (P=6.1×10−3) and rs2681492 at ATP2B1 (P=9.0×10−3). Replicated variants demonstrated consistency in effect sizes between East Asian and European samples, with effect size differences ranging from 0.03 to 0.24 mmHg for mean arterial pressure and from 0.03 to 0.21 mmHg for pulse pressure. In conclusion, we present the first evidence of trans-ethnic replication of several mean arterial and pulse pressure loci in an East Asian population.
Strong shift equivalence and the generalized spectral conjecture for nonnegative matrices
Creators: name: Boyle, Mike
name: Schmieding, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A48 (primary), 37B10 (secondary)

description: We show that the weak and strong forms of the Generalized Spectral Conjecture (GSC) of Boyle and Handelman are equivalent. The GSC asserts that well understood necessary spectral conditions on a square matrix A over a subring S of the reals are sufficient for that matrix to be shift equivalent over S (in the weak form) or strong shift equivalent over S (in the strong form) to a primitive matrix over S. The foundation of this work is the recent result that the group NK_1(S) of algebraic K-theory exactly captures the refinement of shift equivalence over S by strong shift equivalence over S. The GSC remains open in general even in the case that S equals the real numbers.
description: The purpose of this repost is the addition of Appendix A: Correction
Hypertensive Retinopathy and Risk of Stroke
Creators: name: Mitchell, P.
name: Klein, R.
name: Klein, B. E. K.
name: Ikram, M. K.
name: Ong, Y.-T.
name: Wong, T. Y.
name: Couper, D. J.
name: Sharrett, A. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Although assessment of hypertensive retinopathy signs has been recommended for determining end-organ damage and stratifying vascular risk in hypertensive persons, its value remains unclear. In this study, we examine whether hypertensive retinopathy predicts the long-term risk of stroke in hypertensives.
D3.3-Final report on nanostructured electrodes for energy storage systems based on novel layered sulfide/substrate composites (composition and preparation methods)
Creators: name: Aina, Sergio
name: M. Pilar Lobera
name: Bernechea, María
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Final report on nanostructured electrodes for energy storage systems based on novel layered sulfide/substrate composites (composition and preparation methods)
Unimodular Hyperbolic Triangulations: Circle Packing and Random Walk
Creators: name: Angel, Omer
name: Hutchcroft, Tom
name: Nachmias, Asaf
name: Ray, Gourab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the circle packing type of a unimodular random plane triangulation is parabolic if and only if the expected degree of the root is six, if and only if the triangulation is amenable in the sense of Aldous and Lyons. As a part of this, we obtain an alternative proof of the Benjamini-Schramm Recurrence Theorem. Secondly, in the hyperbolic case, we prove that the random walk almost surely converges to a point in the unit circle, that the law of this limiting point has full support and no atoms, and that the unit circle is a realisation of the Poisson boundary. Finally, we show that the simple random walk has positive speed in the hyperbolic metric.
description: 40 pages, 5 figures; minor revision, new and improved proof for Proposition 1.2
Metabolomics and Incident Hypertension Among Blacks: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Creators: name: Boerwinkle, E.
name: Mosley, T. H.
name: Alexander, D.
name: Nettleton, J. A.
name: Heiss, G.
name: Yu, B.
name: Zheng, Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Development of hypertension is influenced by genes, environmental effects and their interactions, and the human metabolome is a measurable manifestation of gene-environment interaction. We explored the metabolomic antecedents of developing incident hypertension in a sample of African Americans, a population with a high prevalence of hypertension and its comorbidities. We examined 896 (565 females, aged 45–64 years) African American normotensives from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, whose metabolome was measured in serum collected at the baseline examination and analyzed by high throughput methods. The analyses presented here focus on 204 stably measured metabolites over a period of 4–6 weeks. Weibull parametric models considering interval censored data were used to assess the hazard ratio for incident hypertension. We used a modified Bonferroni correction accounting for the correlations among metabolites to define a threshold for statistical significance (p<3.9×10−4). During 10-years of follow-up, 38% of baseline normotensives developed hypertension (N=344). With adjustment for traditional risk factors and estimated glomerular filtration rate, each +1-standard deviation difference in baseline 4-hydroxyhippurate, a product of gut microbial fermentation, was associated with 17% higher risk of hypertension (p=2.5×10−4), which remained significant after adjusting for both baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p=3.8×10−4). After principal component analyses, a sex steroids pattern was significantly associated with risk of incident hypertension (highest versus lowest quintile hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.82; p for trend=0.03), and stratified analyses suggested that this association was consistent in both genders. Metabolomic analyses identify novel pathways in the etiology of hypertension.
Oligoclonal CD8+ T Cells Play a Critical Role in the Development of Hypertension
Creators: name: Arendshorst, William J.
name: Shyr, Yu
name: Wu, Jing
name: Harrison, David G.
name: Itani, Hana
name: Trott, Daniel W.
name: Thabet, Salim R.
name: Norlander, Allison E.
name: Chen, Wei
name: Goldstein, Anna
name: Saleh, Mohamed A.
name: Li, Chung-I.
name: Kirabo, Annet
name: Madhur, Meena S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Recent studies have emphasized a role of adaptive immunity, and particularly T cells, in the genesis of hypertension. We sought to determine the T-cell subtypes that contribute to hypertension and renal inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Using T-cell receptor spectratyping to examine T-cell receptor usage, we demonstrated that CD8(+) cells, but not CD4(+) cells, in the kidney exhibited altered T-cell receptor transcript lengths in Vβ3, 8.1, and 17 families in response to angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Clonality was not observed in other organs. The hypertension caused by angiotensin II in CD4(-/-) and MHCII(-/-) mice was similar to that observed in wild-type mice, whereas CD8(-/-) mice and OT1xRAG-1(-/-) mice, which have only 1 T-cell receptor, exhibited a blunted hypertensive response to angiotensin II. Adoptive transfer of pan T cells and CD8(+) T cells but not CD4(+)/CD25(-) cells conferred hypertension to RAG-1(-/-) mice. In contrast, transfer of CD4(+)/CD25(+) cells to wild-type mice receiving angiotensin II decreased blood pressure. Mice treated with angiotensin II exhibited increased numbers of kidney CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. In response to a sodium/volume challenge, wild-type and CD4(-/-) mice infused with angiotensin II retained water and sodium, whereas CD8(-/-) mice did not. CD8(-/-) mice were also protected against angiotensin-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling in the kidney. These data suggest that in the development of hypertension, an oligoclonal population of CD8(+) cells accumulates in the kidney and likely contributes to hypertension by contributing to sodium and volume retention and vascular rarefaction.
Optimal time-related charging in competitive markets with particular reference to electricity
Creators: name: Dudley, Paul S.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 149999 Economics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The privatisation of the Electricity Industry in the UK in 1989 created a competitive market in which Public Electricity Suppliers (PESs) compete for customers and negotiate contracts for periods of twelve months or more. Supply costs are recovered by the rates charged to customers and the charging structure affects the degree to which costs are reflected in the terms offered to customers. This thesis develops an approach towards optimal electricity pricing for the PES using actual half-hourly demand and generation cost data. [Continues.]
Multi-recurrence and van der Waerden systems
Creators: name: Kwietniak, Dominik
name: Li, Jian
name: Oprocha, Piotr
name: Ye, Xiangdong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B20, 37B05, 37A25, 05D10

description: We explore recurrence properties arising from dynamical approach to combinatorial problems like the van der Waerden Theorem. We describe relations between these properties, study their consequences for dynamics, and demonstrate connections to combinatorial problems. In particular, we present a measure-theoretical analog of a result of Glasner on multi-transitivity in topological weakly mixing minimal maps. We also obtain a dynamical proof of the existence of a C-set with zero Banach density.
description: 29 pages. Small changes during the proofing stage
BOD NEW.pdf
Creators: name: DEVASSY, MANU
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90409 Wastewater Treatment Processes
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: A biochemical Oxygen demand test (BOD) of a stream gives us a fair idea regarding how much the stream is organically polluted. The stream may be polluted as a result of receiving either industrial and domestic waste waters or both. In BOD test we are finding out how much oxygen is required by the aerobic bacteria to stabilize the organic matter present in the stream. In the five day period used for finding BOD about 60 to 70% of carbonaceous organic matter is getting stabilized. Assuming BOD to be a first order reaction BOD Kinetic parameters namely de-oxygenation constant & Ultimate BOD are determined with the help of one of the various methods available; the prominent being 1.Method of Least Squares 2. Fujimoto Method 3. Thomas Graphical Method. In all these methods the kinetic parameters are found by laborious calculations and each of these methods varies in their degree of fitness. A simple algebraic method is introduced in this paper for finding the BOD Kinetic parameters assuming BOD to follow a first order reaction and nitrogenous BOD phase starts after the tenth day
High-Sensitivity Troponin T and Cardiovascular Events in Systolic Blood Pressure CategoriesNovelty and Significance: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Creators: name: Mosley, Thomas H.
name: de Lemos, James A.
name: Solomon, Scott D.
name: Nambi, Vijay
name: Sun, Wensheng
name: Coresh, Josef
name: Taffet, George E.
name: Ndumele, Chiadi E.
name: Virani, Salim S.
name: Ballantyne, Christie M.
name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: Hoogeveen, Ron C.
name: Boerwinkle, Eric A.
name: Wright, Jacqueline D.
name: Pokharel, Yashashwi
name: Bozkurt, Biykem
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Based on observational studies there is a linear increase in cardiovascular risk with higher systolic blood pressure, yet clinical trials have not shown benefit across all systolic blood pressure categories. We assessed if troponin-T measured using high-sensitivity assay was associated with cardiovascular disease within systolic blood pressure categories in 11191 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants. Rested sitting systolic blood pressure by 10-mmHg increments and troponin categories were identified. Incident heart failure hospitalization, coronary heart disease and stroke were ascertained over a median of 12 years after excluding individuals with corresponding disease. Approximately 53% of each type of cardiovascular event occurred in individuals with systolic blood pressure<140 mmHg and troponin-T≥3ng/L. Higher troponin-T was associated with increasing cardiovascular events across most systolic blood pressure categories. The association was strongest for heart failure and least strong for stroke. There was no similar association of systolic blood pressure with cardiovascular events across troponin-T categories. Individuals with troponin-T≥3ng/L and systolic blood pressure<140mmHg had higher cardiovascular risk compared to those with troponin-T<3ng/L and systolic blood pressure 140-159 mmHg.
A bijection for rooted maps on general surfaces
Creators: name: Chapuy, Guillaume
name: Dołęga, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 05C30, Secondary: 05C10, 05C12, 60C05

description: We extend the Marcus-Schaeffer bijection between orientable rooted bipartite quadrangulations (equivalently: rooted maps) and orientable labeled one-face maps to the case of all surfaces, that is orientable and non-orientable as well. This general construction requires new ideas and is more delicate than the special orientable case, but it carries the same information. In particular, it leads to a uniform combinatorial interpretation of the counting exponent $\frac{5(h-1)}{2}$ for both orientable and non-orientable rooted connected maps of Euler characteristic $2-2h$, and of the algebraicity of their generating functions, similar to the one previously obtained in the orientable case via the Marcus-Schaeffer bijection. It also shows that the renormalization factor $n^{1/4}$ for distances between vertices is universal for maps on all surfaces: the renormalized profile and radius in a uniform random pointed bipartite quadrangulation on any fixed surface converge in distribution when the size $n$ tends to infinity. Finally, we extend the Miermont and Ambjørn-Budd bijections to the general setting of all surfaces. Our construction opens the way to the study of Brownian surfaces for any compact 2-dimensional manifold.
description: v2: 55 pages, 22 figures
Salt Restriction Leads to Activation of Adult Renal Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Like Cells via Prostaglandin E2 and E-Prostanoid Receptor 4
Creators: name: Pratt, R. E.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Mirotsou, M.
name: Coffman, T.
name: Repenning, P.
name: Payne, A.
name: Dzau, V. J.
name: Koller, B.
name: Gomez, J. A.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Beierwaltes, W. H.
name: Herrera, M.
name: Perez-Marco, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Despite the importance of juxtaglomerular (JG) cell recruitment in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, the mechanisms that underlie renin production under conditions of chronic stimulation remain elusive. We have previously shown that CD44+ mesenchymal-like cells (CD44+ cells) exist in the adult kidney. Under chronic sodium deprivation these cells are recruited to the JG area and differentiate to new renin-expressing cells. Given the proximity of macula densa (MD) to the JG area and the importance of MD released prostanoids in renin synthesis and release, we hypothesized that chronic sodium deprivation induces MD release of prostanoids; stimulating renal CD44+ cell activation and differentiation. CD44+ cells were isolated from adult kidneys and co-cultured with the MD cell line, MMDD1, in normal or low sodium medium. Low sodium stimulated PGE2 production by MMDD1 and induced migration of CD44+ cells. These effects were inhibited by addition of a Cox-2 inhibitor (NS398) or an EP4 receptor antagonist (AH23848) to MMDD1 or CD44+ cells respectively. Addition of PGE2 to CD44+ cells increased cell migration and induced renin expression. In vivo activation of renal CD44+ cells during JG recruitment was attenuated in wild type mice subjected to salt restriction in the presence of Cox-2 inhibitor Rofecoxib. Similar results were observed in EP4 receptor knockout mice subjected to salt restriction. These results show that the PGE2/ EP4 pathway plays a key role in the activation of renal CD44+ MSC-like cells during conditions of JG recruitment; highlighting the importance of this pathway as a key regulatory mechanism of JG recruitment.
title: Molecular And Phenotypic Characterisation Of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella enterica Associated With Human Disease In The Gambia
Creators: name: Darboe, Saffiatou
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2022

description: Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide but have emerged as a significant cause of multi-drug resistant invasive disease in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Specific lineages of the Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) serovars are implicated, and genomic analysis has shown that these lineages in sSA are phylogenetically distinct from others causing gastroenteritis globally.

 Methods: One hundred NTS isolates were collected from 93 patients presenting with clinical disease in 2001 from the eastern and 2006 to 2018 in the western regions of The Gambia. The isolates from the western region (n=80) were from blood (48), stool (25), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; 1), abscesses (5), and urine (1) while those from the eastern region (n=20) also originated from blood (17), 2 CSF (2) and stool (1). The isolates were characterised by whole genome sequencing using Illumina platforms. Phenotypic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion. The sequence reads were analysed to determine lineages. Phylogenetic analysis was performed in the context of other African isolates from the European Nucleotide Archive.

 Results: A total of 93 isolates (64 invasive, 23 gastroenteritis and 6 other infections) representing a single infection episode was analysed. S. Typhimurium (26/64; 30.6%) and S. Enteritidis (13/64; 20.3%) were the leading serovars associated with invasive disease respectively; whilst other serovars were mainly responsible for gastroenteritis (17/23; 73.9%). The presence of three major S. Enteritidis clades including the invasive West African clade (11/16; 68.8%) was confirmed. MDR was confirmed for seven isolates among the West African S. Enteritidis clade.

 Conclusions: The study revealed insight into the dynamics of clinical NTS serovars in The Gambia. It has confirmed the presence of virulent multi-drug resistant S. Enteritidis highlighting the significance of surveillance in developing treatment guidelines.
Controllable chaotic dynamics in a nonlinear fiber ring resonators with balanced gain and loss
Creators: name: Deka, Jyoti P.
name: Gupta, Samit Kumar
name: Sarma, Amarendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the possibility of controlling the dynamical behavior of a single fiber ring (SFR) resonator system with the fiber being an amplified (gain) channel and the ring being attenuated (loss) nonlinear dielectric medium. Our model is based on the simple alterations in the parity time symmetric synthetic coupler structures proposed recently [A. Regensburger et al., Nature 488, 167 (2012)]. The system has been modeled using the transfer matrix formalism. We find that this results in a dynamically controllable algorithm for the chaotic dynamics inherent in the system. We have also shown the dependence of the period doubling point on the input amplitude, emphasizing on the dynamical aspects. Moreover, the fact that the resonator essentially plays the role of a damped harmonic oscillator has been elucidated with the non-zero intensity inside the resonator due to constant influx of input light.
Synthesis and Characterisation of 1,4-Dithiolates of Tin
Creators: name: Morse, Geraint Emrys
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 1979

description: The chemistry, properties and applications of dithiolatotin complexes are reviewed. A literature search revealed that studies on compounds of this class were mainly confined to 1,2- and 1,3-dithiolate derivatives and it was therefore decided that 1,4-dithiolate systems would be investigated. A series of tin and organotin derivatives of butane-1,4-dithiol, 4,5 dimethyl ∝,∝’o-xylylene dithiol and biphenyl-2,2’-dithiol has been prepared. Molecular weight determinations and mass spectrometric investigations indicate that these compounds are monomeric in solution and in the vapour state, though the physical properties of the butane-1,4-dithiolates would suggest that they are polymeric. The compounds were characterised by their proton Magnetic resonance, infra-red and mass spectra and fragmentation patterns in the latter are discussed. The bis(monoalkyltin) tris(dithiolates) have two possible isomeric forms and definite structures for these compounds could not be assigned. It is tentatively suggested from spectroscopic evidence that these isomers are inter-convertible. The Lewis acidity of these dithiolates towards a variety of oxygen and nitrogen donors was investigated though adducts could only be isolated for the bis(dithiolato)tin complexes.The structures of these adducts were assigned from their infra-red spectra. Some reactions of the tin dithiolates were also investigated. The bis(dithiolato) tin complexes readily undergo ligand exchange with toluene-3,4-dithiol to give bis(toluene-3,4—dithiolato)tin. Reactions with a variety of inorganic and organic halides have also been demonstrated. The dialkyltin dithiolates were examined as PVC stabilizers and the biocidal properties of the trialkyltin derivatives were also studied.
Superoxide Enhances Ca2+ Entry Through L-Type Channels in the Renal Afferent Arteriole
Creators: name: Arendshorst, William J.
name: Moss, Nicholas G.
name: Yang, Xi
name: Vogel, Paul A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Reactive oxygen species regulate cardiovascular and renal function in health and disease. Superoxide participates in acute calcium signaling in afferent arterioles and renal vasoconstriction produced by angiotensin II, endothelin, thromboxane, and pressure-induced myogenic tone. Known mechanisms by which superoxide acts include quenching of nitric oxide and increased ADP ribosyl cyclase/ryanodine-mediated calcium mobilization. The effect(s) of superoxide on other calcium signaling pathways in the renal microcirculation is poorly understood. The present experiments examined the acute effect of superoxide generated by paraquat on calcium entry pathways in isolated rat afferent arterioles. The peak increase in cytosolic calcium concentration caused by KCl (40 mmol/L) was 99±14 nmol/L. The response to this membrane depolarization was mediated exclusively by L-type channels because it was abolished by nifedipine but was unaffected by the T-type channel blocker mibefradil. Paraquat increased superoxide production (dihydroethidium fluorescence), tripled the peak response to KCl to 314±68 nmol/L ( P <0.001) and doubled the plateau response. These effects were abolished by tempol and nitroblue tetrazolium, but not by catalase, confirming actions of superoxide and not of hydrogen peroxide. Unaffected by paraquat and superoxide was calcium entry through store-operated calcium channels activated by thapsigargin-induced calcium depletion of sarcoplasmic reticular stores. Also unresponsive to paraquat was ryanodine receptor–mediated calcium-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Our results provide new evidence that superoxide enhances calcium entry through L-type channels activated by membrane depolarization in rat cortical afferent arterioles, without affecting calcium entry through store-operated entry or ryanodine receptor–mediated calcium mobilization. # Novelty and Significance {#article-title-68}
Optimal forecast reconciliation for hierarchical and grouped time series through trace minimization
Creators: name: Wickramasuriya, Shanika L.
name: Athanasopoulos, George
name: Hyndman, Rob J.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Large collections of time series often have aggregation constraints due to product or geographical