Trioza grallata Percy, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Percy, Diana M.
name: Butterill, Philip T.
name: Malenovský, Igor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Phacopteronidae
Trioza
Trioza grallata

description: Trioza grallata Percy, sp. nov.
(Figures 2G – K; 4A – R; 3C)
Adult colour (ethanol material)
Forewings without pattern but membrane fuscous, veins brown. Body generally mid to dark brown, with distinct pale longitudinal band on the dorsum of the thorax (Figure 4E) and sometimes extending forward through the vertex. Ventral part of the abdomen, particularly in females, may also be paler. Antennal segments 3 – 10 dark brown to black. Legs paler except apices of tibiae and tarsi, which are dark brown to black.
Adult structure
Forewings (Figure 4A) distinctly broader in the apical half with a bluntly acute apex; height of cells cu1 and m2 subequal; vein Rs short, curving evenly to the wing margin; a group of marginal radular spines present in cells cu1, m1 and m2; surface spinules either absent or very sparsely distributed; wing margins and veins with short to minute setae. Head (Figure 4G) with genal processes short, widely divergent, asymmetrical, and terminating in slightly swollen, blunt apices with two or three long stout setae; distinct swellings also present below the genae (Figure 4H). Vertex more or less flat dorsally, with lateral ocelli lying on small tubercles, medial epicranial suture distinct. Antennae (Figure 4G) long and slender, 3rd antennal segment 0.75 – 0.81 × head width, 10-segmented with rhinaria apically on segments 4, 6, 8 and 9, terminal segment with one long apical seta (0.09 – 0.12 mm), paired with a short stout tube-like seta (less than half the length, ~ 0.02 mm). Clypeus (Figure 4I) well rounded and ventrally scaly, rough surfaced, and covered in short setae plus two long setae. Distal segment of proboscis medium long. Dorsum of thorax covered in short, stout setae. Hind leg (Figure 4F) with meracanthus well developed and straight; metatibia slender and elongate (almost twice the length of the metafemur), with one, but more usually a pair of genual spines basally and 1+3 (occasionally 1+4) large, distinctly stalked and sclerotized apical spurs; metabasitarsus constricted basally and subequal in length to apical tarsus. Sternites with numerous stout setae (Figure 4J). Male terminalia (Figure 4K) with proctiger strongly lobed medially and constricted to a narrow tube dorsally. Paramere (Figure 4L, M) expanded into a lobe in the basal half and then more or less parallel sided and slightly arched backwards, the posterior margin with a comb of long stout setae, and terminating in a small posteriorly directed sclerotized hook. Apical aedeagus segment (Figure 4O) short, base swollen, strongly curved basally and then angled apically, with a rounded and slightly inflated apex. Female terminalia (Figure 4P) with proctiger more or less straight dorsally, ventral margins lobed medially; apex acute, darker, and covered in short stout setae; proctiger markedly longer than (> 1.5 ×) the bluntly terminating subgenital plate, apex of subgenital plate notched and terminating in several long setae; circumanal ring (Figure 4Q) is long and narrow, 0.3 × the length of proctiger, and composed of a double row of cells; inner ovipositor valve (Figure 4R) small and in profile slightly bulging dorsally.
Adult measurements (mm) and ratios (4 ♂ 3 ♀)
WL: 3.30 – 3.58; HW: 0.67 – 0.71; AL: 2.27 – 2.51; GP: 0.14 – 0.17; PB: 0.15 – 0.18; HVW: 1.92 – 1.96; ALHW: 3.41-3.61; VLGP: 1.2 – 1.67; VLW: 0.50 – 0.63; WLW: 2.38 – 2.45; CUR: 1.19 – 1.33; MR: 0.68 – 0.74; TLFL: 1.77 – 1.86. ♂: MP: 0.19 – 0.20; PL: 0.24 – 0.25; AEL: 0.18 – 0.20; MSLH: 1.17 – 1.29; AHS: 2.23 – 2.50; PLSH: 0.95 – 1.11. ♀: FP: 0.72 – 0.74; FSP: 0.44 – 0.49; RL: 0.22; OV: 0.14 – 0.15; FPRL: 3.21 – 3.37; FPHW: 1.02 – 1.06; FPFSP: 1.51 – 1.65.
Immature structure
Body outline of older instars elongate ovoid with protruding wing bud margins, but lacking an obvious humeral lobe (Figure 2G, J). Antennae of 5th instar (Figure 2H) 7- or 8-segmented, bearing four rhinaria apically on segments 4, 5, 7 and 8; 3rd instar antennae 4-segmented bearing three rhinaria, one on 3rd and two on 4th segment; 2nd instar antennae 3-segmented bearing two rhinaria on 2nd and 3rd segments; 1st instar antenna with a single segment bearing a single rhinarium. Tarsi with weakly developed claws and crescent arolia (Figure 2H). Small ‘ thoracic lobes ’ visible in 5th instars. Anus situated ventrally; circumanal ring composed of single, sometimes interrupted, row of rounded to elongate cells (Figure 2I).
Immature chaetotaxy
The 1st – 5th instars have scattered medium to long simple setae on margins and surfaces of head, thorax, and abdomen; in addition, the 5th instar also has irregular patches of short, stout, thorn-like cuticular projections on the dorsal surface of the abdomen (Figure 2G).
Immature measurements (mm), 5th instar (n = 2)
BL: 1.39 – 1.73; BW: 1.00 – 1.21; WL: 0.64 – 0.79; CPL: 0.73; CPW: 0.82; RW: 0.16; HW: 0.52 – 0.54; AL: 0.33.
Host plants
Elaeocarpus schlechterianus (Elaeocarpaceae).
Distribution
PNG, Morobe Province.
Biology
This species produces small, round to ovoid, enclosed blister-like galls on the leaf blade (Figure 3C), which are exited mostly on the upper adaxial leaf surface. In all galls dissected (n = 13), there was a single unilocular gall chamber, and when present, a single immature psyllid. Incubating galls for rearing produced ~ 90 adult psyllids. Associated insects included cecidomyid and sciarid midges, and chalcid parasitoids.
Etymology
The specific epithet refers to the long, slender tibiae, hence from the Latin gralla, a stilt, grallata = bearing stilts (adjective).
Comments
The host plant is a New Guinea endemic known from rather few collections, at elevations of 850 – 1850 m, from Jayapura (Papua) through the highlands to Morobe Province. (George Weiblen pers. comm., with reference to Coode 1981). Five species of Trioza are known from the plant genus Elaeocarpus. Matsumoto (1999) treated three of these, together with two additional species that may also be Elaeocarpus -feeders, as the ‘ Trioza maculata group ’. The maculata group is found in Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam and Malaysia (Sabah). Trioza grallata sp. nov., on Elaeocarpus schlechterianus, does not appear to be related to this group. Neither does it appear to be related to either of the two remaining species known from Elaeocarpus that both produce small galls on the leaves. One of these species, from Taiwan, Trioza elaeocarpi Yang, 1984, produces small round galls on leaves of Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Yang 1984), and the other, Trioza indigena Tuthill, 1951, from the Caroline Islands forms small leaf galls on Elaeocarpus kusanoi, which is endemic to the island of Pohnpei, Senyavin Islands (Tuthill 1951). Li (2011) transferred Trioza maculata and Trioza elaeocarpi to Triozopsis Li, 2005, but Yang et al. (2013) subsequently synonymized Triozopsis with Trioza; as with Trioza incrustata sp. nov., no clear affiliations are apparent within Triozidae.
Type material
Holotype, ♂ (slide mounted), close to Yawan village, Morobe Province, PNG (06°08 ʹ S, 146°52 ʹ E, 1700 m), 7 February 2011, (HE08) P. Butterill leg. (BMNH). Paratypes, 5 ♂, 5 ♀, (HE08, HE09), immatures: 1 5th, 3 4th, 2 3rd, 1 2nd instar (GALL363 ex Elaeocarpus schlechterianus) as for holotype (BMNH). Other material: immatures, 1st – 5th instars (HEY1, HEY3, GALL359, GALL360 ex Elaeocarpus schlechterianus) as for holotype, P. Butterill leg. (NARI).
Gene sequences
GenBank: KT588302 (COI), KT588308 (cytB) (PNGHE 08 – 11).
description: Published as part of Percy, Diana M., Butterill, Philip T. & Malenovský, Igor, 2015, Three new species of gall-forming psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from Papua New Guinea, with new records and notes on related species, pp. 1073-1101 in Journal of Natural History 50 (17 - 18) on pages 1082-1085, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1104394, http://zenodo.org/record/3990431