cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ανάλυση συστήματος εμπορίας εκπομπών CO2 στην Ελλάδα - Μελέτη περίπτωσης
Creators: name: Πεζούλας, Ιωάννης
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ευρωπαϊκό Σύστημα Εμπορίας Δικαιωμάτων Εκπομπών
subject: Τσιμεντοβιομηχανία
subject: Κλιματική αλλαγή
subject: Πρωτόκολλο του Κιότο
subject: Αέρια θερμοκηπίου

description: H παρούσα εργασία έχει ως βασικό της στόχο να παρουσιάσει τα χαρακτηριστικά και την εξέλιξη του Ευρωπαϊκού Συστήματος Εμπορίας Δικαιωμάτων Εκπομπών, καθώς και την εφαρμογή του στον ελληνικό χώρο. Αφορμή για τη θέσπιση του συστήματος αυτού αποτέλεσε η συνειδητοποίηση του μεγέθους των επιπτώσεων της κλιματικής αλλαγής, για την αντιμετώπιση της οποίας συσπειρώθηκε η παγκόσμια κοινότητα, λαμβάνοντας μέτρα περιορισμού των εκπομπών αερίων του θερμοκηπίου. Η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, ως πρωτοπόρος στην προσπάθεια αντιμετώπισης της κλιματικής αλλαγής, εφαρμόζει σήμερα τη τρίτη φάση λειτουργίας του συστήματος εμπορίας εκπομπών, ενώ η επόμενη έχει ήδη οργανωθεί και είναι έτοιμη να δρομολογηθεί από το 2021. Παρά τις αρχικές του αδυναμίες, το σύστημα φαίνεται να φέρει τα επιθυμητά αποτελέσματα και να μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε επαρκή αντιμετώπιση του προβλήματος στα πλαίσια της Ευρώπη. Η Ελλάδα ως μέρος της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης εφαρμόζει όλα τα απαραίτητα μέτρα και έχει πετύχει μείωση των εκπομπών της, γεγονός στο οποίο συνεισέφερε και η πρόσφατη οικονομική ύφεση. Σχεδόν όλες οι ελληνικές βιομηχανικές επιχειρήσεις, εκτός του τομέα της ηλεκτροπαραγωγής, αντιμετωπίζονται ευνοϊκά από το σύστημα εκπομπών λόγω της μεγάλης έντασης ανταγωνισμού τους με τρίτες χώρες και του υψηλού κόστους ενέργειας. Ο κλάδος παραγωγής τσιμέντου περιλαμβάνεται σε αυτές και παρότι αντιμετωπίζει παρόμοιες δυσκολίες, καταβάλει προσπάθειες, ώστε το 2050 να αποτελεί μια οικονομία «χαμηλού άνθρακα». Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο της εργασίας περιγράφεται το φαινόμενο της κλιματικής και οι επιπτώσεις του. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται το ιστορικό των διεθνών δράσεων ενάντια στην κλιματική αλλαγή, καθώς και η στάση της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο περιγράφονται τα χαρακτηριστικά των Συστημάτων Εμπορίας Δικαιωμάτων Εκπομπών, γίνεται ανάλυση των αρχών και των φάσεων λειτουργίας του αντίστοιχου Ευρωπαϊκού συστήματος και του Χρηματιστηρίου Εκπομπών. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο αναλύεται η περίπτωση της Ελλάδας αναφορικά με την εφαρμογή του Συστήματος Εμπορίας Δικαιωμάτων Εκπομπών και τις διάφορες πτυχές του, ενώ επίσης πραγματοποιείται μελέτη στην περίπτωση των εκπομπών από τον κλάδο παραγωγής τσιμέντου στην Ελλάδα και γίνεται μια εκτίμηση του κόστους αγοράς δικαιωμάτων εκπομπών για τον κλάδο.
Abelian and non-Abelian geometric phases in adiabatic open quantum systems
Creators: name: Sarandy, M. S.
name: Lidar, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a self-consistent framework for the analysis of both Abelian and non-Abelian geometric phases associated with open quantum systems, undergoing cyclic adiabatic evolution. We derive a general expression for geometric phases, based on an adiabatic approximation developed within an inherently open-systems approach. This expression provides a natural generalization of the analogous one for closed quantum systems, and we prove that it satisfies all the properties one might expect of a good definition of a geometric phase, including gauge invariance. A striking consequence is the emergence of a finite time interval for the observation of geometric phases. The formalism is illustrated via the canonical example of a spin-1/2 particle in a time-dependent magnetic field. Remarkably, the geometric phase in this case is immune to dephasing and spontaneous emission in the renormalized Hamiltonian eigenstate basis. This result positively impacts holonomic quantum computing.
description: v3: 10 pages, 2 figures. Substantially expanded version. Includes a proof of gauge invariance of the non-Abelian geometric phase, and an appendix on the left and right eigenvectors of the superoperator in the Jordan form
Thermodynamical Formalism Associated with Inducing Schemes for One-dimensional Maps
Creators: name: Pesin, Yakov
name: Senti, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D25, 37D35, 37E05, 37E10

description: For a smooth map f of a compact interval I admitting an inducing scheme we establish a thermodynamical formalism, i.e., describe a class of real-valued potential functions $ϕ$ on I which admit a unique equilibrium measure $μ_ϕ$. Our results apply to unimodal maps corresponding to a positive Lebesgue measure set of parameters in a one-parameter transverse family.
description: 12 pages, to appear in Moscow Mathematical Journal
Anomalous diffusion in nonlinear transformations of the noisy voter model
Creators: name: Kazakevičius, Rytis
name: Kononovicius, Aleksejus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Voter models are well known in the interdisciplinary community, yet they haven't been studied from the perspective of anomalous diffusion. In this paper we show that the original voter model exhibits ballistic regime. Non-linear transformations of the observation variable and time scale allows us to observe other regimes of anomalous diffusion as well as normal diffusion. We show that numerical simulation results coincide with derived analytical approximations describing the temporal evolution of the raw moments.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
title: Electro-pharmacological profiles of two brain mitoplast anion channels
title: inferences from single channel recording
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Fahanik-Babaei, Javad
name: Shayanfa, Farzad
name: Khodaee, Naser
name: Saghiri, Reza
name: Eliassi, Afsaneh
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: mitochondria
subject: chloride channels
subject: single channel
subject: intracellular ion channels
subject: brain
subject: mitoplast
subject: 610

description: We have characterized the conduction and blocking properties of two different chloride channels from brain mi- tochondrial inner membranes after incorporation into planar lipid bilayers. Our experiments revealed the existence of channels with a mean conductance of 158 ± 7 and 301 ± 8 pS in asymmetrical 200 mM cis/50 mM trans KCl solutions. We determined that the channels were ten times more permeable for Cl− than for K+, calculated from the reversal potential using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. The channels were bell-shaped voltage depend- ent, with maximum open probability 0.9 at ± 20 mV. Two mitochondrial chloride channels were blocked after the addition of 10 µM DIDS. In addition, 158 pS chloride channel was blocked by 300 nM NPPB, acidic pH and 2.5 mM ATP, whereas the 301 pS chloride channel was blocked by 600 µM NPPB but not by acidic pH or ATP. Gating and conducting behaviors of these channels were unaffected by Ca2+. These results demonstrate that the inner membrane, is probably identical to IMAC and 301 pS Cl channel displays different properties than those classically described for mitochondrial anion channels.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 16 2017
Non-Bilocal Measurement via Entangled State
Creators: name: Shmaya, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two observers, who share a pair of particles in an entangled mixed state, can use it to perform some non-bilocal measurement over another bipartite system. In particular, one can construct a specific game played by the observers against a coordinator, in which they can score better than a pair of observers who only share a classical communication channel.
description: 6 pages. minor changes
Explaining the attainment of the second-generation: When does parental relative education matter?
Creators: name: Ferrara, Alessandro
name: Luthra, Renee
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Immigrant selectivity
subject: Relative education
subject: Immigrant paradox
subject: Second generation
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: How can we understand unexplained variation in the educational outcomes of the children of immigrants? A growing literature posits that standard educational transmission models fail to explain national origin differences in attainment because they ignore immigrant selectivity – the degree to which immigrants differ from non-migrants in their sending countries. The immigrant selectivity hypothesis is usually tested using indicators of parents’ relative or “contextual” educational attainment, measuring their rank in the educational attainment distribution of their country of origin. However, using this proxy, current support for the hypothesis is mixed. We outline three conditions for the use of educational selectivity as a proxy for relative social positioning among the children of immigrants. We test our conditions using an adult and a youth sample from a large household panel survey in the UK. We supplement our analyses by exploring relative education data from prior research on Italy, France and the United States. Triangulating these varied sources, we illustrate cases when our three conditions do and do not hold, providing evidence from the UK and other contexts. We provide guidelines on the use of relative education as a measure of relative social standing in cross-national research as well as an assessment of the immigrant selectivity hypothesis in explaining second-generation educational outcomes.
Επεξεργασία χωροκειμενικών ερωτημάτων σε Redis - RediSearch
Creators: name: Δημόπουλος, Άγγελος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: NoSQL
subject: Redis
subject: RediSearch
subject: Χωροκειμενικά δεδομένα
subject: Κειμενικά δεδομένα

description: Ιδιαίτερα την τελευταία δεκαετία η μεγάλη ανάπτυξη των δυνατοτήτων των κινητών τηλεφώνων και ιδιαίτερα η δυνατότητα χρήσης GPS από όλο και περισσότερους χρήστες παράλληλα, έχουν οδηγήσει στην παραγωγή μεγάλου όγκου χωρικών δεδομένων. Σε συνδυασμό με την έξαρση των κοινωνικών δικτύων και ιστοσελίδων κριτικών όπως Twitter και IMDB αντίστοιχα έχει παρουσιαστεί μία ακόμα πολύ ενδιαφέρουσα κατηγορία δεδομένων, αυτή των χωροκειμενικών δεδομένων. Λόγω των παραπάνω, ο ρυθμός παραγωγής αλλά και ο όγκος αυτών των δεδομένων έχουν αυξηθεί σε μεγάλο βαθμό με συνέπεια να προκύπτουν πολλές προκλήσεις με βασικό όμως στόχο την αποτελεσματική αποθήκευση, διαχείριση και προσπέλαση αυτών. Για την διαχείριση τέτοιου μεγέθους δεδομένων έχουν υιοθετηθεί τα τελευταία χρόνια κατανεμημένα συστήματα βάσεων δεδομένων και πιο συγκεκριμένα αυτά των συστημάτων NoSQL. Παρέχουν πλέον μία σίγουρη επιλογή για την διαχείριση μεγάλου όγκου δεδομένων, προσφέροντας υψηλές επιδόσεις, διαθεσιμότητα και κλιμακωσιμότητα. Έχοντας ως στόχο να παρέχουμε έναν ενιαίο τρόπο προσπέλασης δεδομένων αποθηκευμένα σε βάσεις NoSQL, σε αυτή την διπλωματική εργασία παρουσιάζεται ένα επανασχεδιασμένο Application Programming Interface (API) το οποίο κάνει την διαδικασία προσπέλασης ανεξαρτήτως του συστήματος πολύ εύκολη προς τον χρήστη. Το υπάρχον API προσφέρει πολλά πρότυπα ερωτήματα για την σύνταξη ερωτημάτων και την εκτέλεση λειτουργιών προσπέλασης. Εμπλουτίζεται όμως με την προσθήκη της δυνατότητας εκτέλεσης κειμενικών και χωροκειμενικών ερωτημάτων. Πολλές σύγχρονες NoSQL βάσεις δεδομένων υποστηρίζουν ευρετηρίαση χωρικών δεδομένων αλλά όχι των χωροκειμενικών που προαναφέρθηκαν. Εκμεταλλευόμενοι αυτό το κενό, παρουσιάζεται η υλοποίηση μίας τεχνικής ευρετηρίασης χωροκειμενικών δεδομένων καθώς επίσης η διενέργεια πειραμάτων με την χρήση της Redis αλλά και του module αυτής RediSearch, με στόχο να μελετήσουμε την επίδοση και την αποδοτικότητα αυτού του συστήματος για τα χωροκειμενικά δεδομένα.
MUSiC: a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$, are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-19-008 (CMS Public Pages)
Thinking in Terms of Change over Time: Opportunities and Challenges of Using System Dynamics Models
Creators: name: Eidin, Emil
name: Bielik, Tom
name: Touitou, Israel
name: Bowers, Jonathan
name: McIntyre, Cynthia
name: Damelin, Dan
name: Krajcik, Joseph
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Modeling
subject: Systems thinking
subject: System dynamics
subject: Chemical kinetics
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: Understanding the world around us is a growing necessity for the whole public, as citizens are required to make informed decisions in their everyday lives about complex issues. Systems thinking (ST) is a promising approach for developing solutions to various problems that society faces and has been acknowledged as a crosscutting concept that should be integrated across educational science disciplines. However, studies show that engaging students in ST is challenging, especially concerning aspects like change over time and feedback. Using computational system models and a system dynamics approach can support students in overcoming these challenges when making sense of complex phenomena. In this paper, we describe an empirical study that examines how 10th grade students engage in aspects of ST through computational system modeling as part of a Next Generation Science Standards-aligned project-based learning unit on chemical kinetics. We show students’ increased capacity to explain the underlying mechanism of the phenomenon in terms of change over time that goes beyond linear causal relationships. However, student models and their accompanying explanations were limited in scope as students did not address feedback mechanisms as part of their modeling and explanations. In addition, we describe specific challenges students encountered when evaluating and revising models. In particular, we show epistemological barriers to fruitful use of real-world data for model revision. Our findings provide insights into the opportunities of a system dynamics approach and the challenges that remain in supporting students to make sense of complex phenomena and nonlinear mechanisms.
Quantum Mechanical Realization of a Popescu-Rohrlich Box
Creators: name: Marcovitch, S.
name: Reznik, B.
name: Vaidman, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quantum ensembles which are determined by pre- and post-selection. Unlike the case of only pre-selected ensembles, we show that in this case the probabilities for measurement outcomes at intermediate times satisfy causality only rarely; such ensembles can in general be used to signal between causally disconnected regions. We show that under restrictive conditions, there are certain non-trivial bi-partite ensembles which do satisfy causality. These ensembles give rise to a violation of the CHSH inequality, which exceeds the maximal quantum violation given by Tsirelson's bound, $B_{\rm CHSH}\le 2\sqrt2$, and obtains the Popescu-Rohrlich bound for the maximal violation, $B_{\rm CHSH}\le 4$. This may be regarded as an a posteriori realization of super-correlations, which have recently been termed Popescu-Rohrlich boxes.
description: 5 pages
Τεχνολογία ψηφιακών διδύμων: συστήματα και βιομηχανικές εφαρμογές
Creators: name: Ποντίκης, Ιωάννης
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Παραγωγή
subject: Digital twins
subject: Internet of Things
subject: Industry 4.0
subject: Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)
subject: Ψηφιακά δίδυμα
subject: Smart manufacturing
subject: Smart healthcare
subject: Έξυπνη παραγωγή
subject: Έξυπνη υγεία

description: Στη σύγχρονη εποχή η τεχνολογική εξέλιξη αναπτύσσεται με ταχύτατους ρυθμούς⸱ στο σημείο αυτό, η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία έχει σκοπό να εξετάσει, να αναλύσει και να αναδείξει την αξία των Digital Twins και των εφαρμογών τους κυρίως σε βιομηχανικό επίπεδο. Αρχικά, αναφέρεται η έννοια της βιομηχανίας 4.0 η οποία περιλαμβάνει μια τεράστια γκάμα τεχνολογιών και βασίζεται στην εξελιγμένη τεχνολογία συνδέσεων που υπάρχει διαθέσιμη. Τέτοιου είδους συνδέσεις καθιστούν εφικτή τη δημιουργία πολλών τεχνολογιών οι οποίες βοηθούν στην επικοινωνία και στη μεταφορά δεδομένων. Αναφορικά με αυτές τις τεχνολογίες, θα αναλυθεί η έννοια του Internet of Things (IoT), το οποίο είναι μέρος της βιομηχανίας 4.0 και κατ’ επέκταση των Cyber-Physical Systems στα οποία εμπεριέχονται τα Digital Twins. Ακολούθως, η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία θα εμβαθύνει στο Industrial IoT, κάνοντας αναφορά στις εφαρμογές του. Κλείνοντας το πρώτο κεφάλαιο, θα αναλυθεί η οντότητα του Digital Twin και τα οφέλη του. Στο δεύτερο μέρος θα δούμε της εφαρμογές των Digital Twins σε τέσσερεις μεγάλους τομείς. Στον πρώτο τομέα, τη Βιομηχανία, όπου και συναντώνται οι περισσότερες εφαρμογές, αναλύεται η συνεισφορά του Digital Twin τόσο στην παραγωγική διαδικασία όσο και στα οφέλη που επιφέρει στις επιχειρήσεις. Στον δεύτερο τομέα που αφορά στην Υγεία, θα αναλυθούν τα οφέλη των Digital Twins σε επίπεδο διάγνωσης και χειρουργικής. Ο τρίτος τομέας, ο οποίος ναι μεν αποτελεί μέρος της βιομηχανίας αλλά λόγω έκτασης αντιμετωπίζεται ως ξεχωριστός τομέας, είναι η Αυτοκινητοβιομηχανία όπου και εδώ τα Digital Twins αποτελούν σπουδαίο εργαλείο για την παραγωγή και την υποστήριξη των προϊόντων του τομέα αυτού. Τέλος, οι Έξυπνες Πόλεις, αποτελούν έναν τομέα όπου οι εφαρμογές των Digital Twins θα καταστίσουν ακόμα πιο εύκολη, ασφαλή και ευφυή την ζωή των κατοίκων, όπως θα αναλυθεί κατωτέρω.
Spin accumulation in ballistic Rashba bar
Creators: name: Yao, J.
name: Yang, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an analytic model to study intrinsic spin polarization effect in a ballistic Rashba bar with two semi-infinite leads. The wave functions expanded with plane waves in Rashba bar are required to satisfy boundary conditions at both longitudinal and transverse interfaces. We find out-of-plane spin Hall accumulation effect can be induced in the Rashba bar even with large dimensions by injecting unpolarized current from the lead. The longitudinal in-plane spin Hall effect, however, becomes obscure in large-size sample. An interesting direction-flipping of the out-of-plane spin accumulation is predicted by altering the Rashba coupling strength.
description: 4 pages, 3 Encapsulated Postscript figures
Dynamics of Coupled Qubits Interacting with an Off-Resonant Cavity
Creators: name: Gywat, Oliver
name: Meier, Florian
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Awschalom, D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model for a pair of qubits which interact with a single off-resonant cavity mode and, in addition, exhibit a direct inter-qubit coupling. Possible realizations for such a system include coupled superconducting qubits in a line resonator as well as exciton states or electron spin states of quantum dots in a cavity. The emergent dynamical phenomena are strongly dependent on the relative energy scales of the inter-qubit coupling strength, the coupling strength between qubits and cavity mode, and the cavity mode detuning. We show that the cavity mode dispersion enables a measurement of the state of the coupled-qubit system in the perturbative regime. We discuss the effect of the direct inter-qubit interaction on a cavity-mediated two-qubit gate. Further, we show that for asymmetric coupling of the two qubits to the cavity, the direct inter-qubit coupling can be controlled optically via the ac Stark effect.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. v2: minor additions and minor numerical error in Eq. (32) corrected
Charge Transport Scalings in Turbulent Electroconvection
Creators: name: Tsai, Peichun
name: Daya, Zahir A.
name: Morris, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a local-power law scaling theory for the mean dimensionless electric current $Nu$ in turbulent electroconvection. The experimental system consists of a weakly conducting, submicron thick liquid crystal film supported in the annulus between concentric circular electrodes. It is driven into electroconvection by an applied voltage between its inner and outer edges. At sufficiently large voltage differences, the flow is unsteady and electric charge is turbulently transported between the electrodes. Our theoretical development, which closely parallels the Grossmann-Lohse model for turbulent thermal convection, predicts the local-power law $Nu \sim F(Γ) {\cal R}^γ {\cal P}^δ$. ${\cal R}$ and ${\cal P}$ are dimensionless numbers that are similar to the Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers of thermal convection, respectively. The dimensionless function $F(Γ)$, which is specified by the model, describes the dependence of $Nu$ on the aspect ratio $Γ$. We find that measurements of $Nu$ are consistent with the theoretical model.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev. E. See also http://www.physics.utoronto.ca/nonlinear
NATURE'S BLESSING OR NATURE'S CURSE: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF TRANSITION IN RESOURCE-BASED ECONOMIES
Creators: name: Esanov, Akram
name: Raiser, Martin
name: Buiter, Willem
name: Esanov, Akram
name: Raiser, Martin
name: Buiter, Willem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Political Economy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper analyses the reform progress made in the energy-rich states of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan (AKTU for short) and contrasts their development to that in the resource-poor countries at the CIS periphery. The main argument of the paper is that far from being a blessing that would have allowed energy-rich countries to cushion the impact of reforms and thus make faster progress, energy rents have often been wasted or appropriated by the ruling elites. Progress in key structural reforms has in some cases lagged even behind other CIS countries and significant policy challenges need to be addressed if natural resource wealth is not to turn into a curse for the region.
Εγχειρίδιο Μπλε Ομάδας
Creators: name: Μακρής, Γεώργιος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: SOC
subject: IBM QRadar
subject: IBM Resilient
subject: Diamond model
subject: Cyber kill chain
subject: Threat hunting

description: Η εξέλιξη της τεχνολογίας μεγάλωνε ραγδαία και για αυτόν τον λόγο υπήρχε ραγδαία αύξηση των απειλών και των επιθέσεων στον κυβερνοχώρο. Οι χρήστες με κακόβουλη πρόθεση, άρχισαν να χρησιμοποιούν εξελιγμένα εργαλεία και τεχνολογίες, έτσι ώστε να εκτελέσουν στοχευμένες επιθέσεις με πιο γρήγορο ρυθμό ή για να συλλέξουν τεράστιο όγκο δεδομένων ή να προκαλέσουν μεγαλύτερη ζημία σε έναν οργανισμό.Για την άμυνα αυτών των επιθέσεων έχουν αναπτυχθεί ήδη εργαλεία και τεχνολογίες. Για την άμυνα των επιθέσεων άλλα και για την αποφυγή των καταστροφών δημιουργήθηκε το πρώτο SOC το 1975 και λειτουργούσε κυρίως για την άμυνα των οργανισμών και για κυβερνητικές υπηρεσίες. Καθώς το διαδίκτυο και η τεχνολογία εξελίχθηκε, ιοί ξεκίνησαν να εισβάλλουν στα πληροφοριακά συστήματα και οι ανάγκες για ανίχνευση εισβολών και απειλών αυξήθηκαν. Το 1996 η δεύτερα γενιά SOC ικανοποίησε αυτήν την ανάγκη. Οι hackers συνέχισαν να βελτιώνουν τις μεθοδολογίες επίθεσης και άρχισαν να πραγματοποιούν Denial of Services επιθέσεις χρησιμοποιώντας Bots και botnets μέχρι που το SOC εξελίχθηκε και απέκτησε την ικανότητα πρόληψης. Οι επιτιθέμενοι άλλαξαν την μεθοδολογία και τις στρατηγικές τους και οι επιθέσεις που πραγματοποιήσουν θα παρέμειναν μη ανιχνεύσιμες από την υποδομή ασφάλειας ενός οργανισμού.Οι επιθέσεις του συγκεκριμένου τύπου ονομάζονται επίμονες(persistent). Το SOC διαθέτοντας τεχνολογίες APT (Advance persistence threat detection technologies) όπου τις απέκτησε το 2007 πραγματοποίησε μια άνοδο ως προς την πρόληψη και ανίχνευση των μη ανιχνεύσιμων επιθέσεων. Η τρίτη γενιά του SOC όπου ξεκίνησε με την τεχνολογία του APT, διέθετε ένα σημαντικό εργαλείο τεχνολογίας, το SIEM (Security Incidents and Event Management). Το SIEM συλλέγει αρχεία καταγραφών από πηγές, δημιουργεί ειδοποιήσεις σύμφωνα με κανόνες και σε γενικές γραμμές ευθύνεται για την διαχείριση των incidents και των event. Με το εργαλείο αυτό οι αναλυτές πραγματοποιούν ανάλυση και ανίχνευση για events και incident σε πραγματικό χρόνο. Το 2013, οι ειδήμονες της ασφάλειας, συνειδητοποίησαν ότι με την προσθήκη feeds από threat intelligence με συνδυασμό της heuristic ανάλυσης του SIEM, θα υπάρξει έγκυρη ενημέρωση από παραβίαση ασφάλειας στην υποδομή του οργανισμού η ακόμα σε ένα σύστημα.
Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of whole plant extracts of Kalanchoe laciniata by Ames and MTT assay
Creators: name: Sharif, Ali
name: Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan
name: Akhtar, Bushra
name: Saleem, Ammara
name: Manan, Maria
name: Shabbir, Maryam
name: Ashraf, Muneeb
name: Peerzada, Sohaib
name: Ahmed, Shoaib
name: Raza, Moosa
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Kalanchoe laciniata
subject: mutagenicity
subject: cytotoxicity
subject: ames assay
subject: Salmonella typhimurium
subject: 610

description: Lack of data on safety of herbal medicines have endangered human health and life. The present study evaluated the genotoxic and mutagenic effect of Kalanchoe laciniata to access the safety and usefulness of the medicinal plant. Aqua-methanolic and n-hexane extracts of K. laciniata were evaluated for the genotoxic potential using Ames assay and cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay. Ames assay was conducted using two strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA-100 and TA-102 whereas MTT assay was performed on baby hamster kidney cell line BHK-21. Aqua-methanolic extract of K. laciniata exhibited significant mutagenicity when exposed to TA- 102 strain with a mutagenic index of 50.66 and 54.74 at maximum dose 150 mg/plate. The extract was also muta- genic to TA-100 strain but to a lesser extent. M.I of n-hexane extract was 12.15 and 15.51 for TA-100 and TA- 102 respectively. n-hexane extract was mutagenic but little difference was observed between results of two strains. Both extracts were found to be cytotoxic with an IC50 of 321.9 and 638.5 µg/mL for aqua-methanolic and n-hexane extracts respectively. On the basis of results it was concluded that aqua-methanolic and n-hexane extracts of K. mutagenic and cytotoxic potential. It is suggested to explore the plant further to evaluate its safety in rodents and other species.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 16 2017
First principles investigation of finite-temperature behavior in small sodium clusters
Creators: name: Lee, Mal-Soon
name: Chacko, S.
name: Kanhere, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic and detailed investigation of the finite-temperature behavior of small sodium clusters, Na_n, in the size range of n= 8 to 50 are carried out. The simulations are performed using density-functional molecular-dynamics with ultrasoft pseudopotentials. A number of thermodynamic indicators such as specific heat, caloric curve, root-mean-square bond length fluctuation, deviation energy, etc. are calculated for each of the clusters. Size dependence of these indicators reveals several interesting features. The smallest clusters with n= 8 and 10, do not show any signature of melting transition. With the increase in size, broad peak in the specific heat is developed, which alternately for larger clusters evolves into a sharper one, indicating a solidlike to liquidlike transition. The melting temperatures show irregular pattern similar to experimentally observed one for larger clusters [ M. Schmidt et al., Nature (London) 393, 238 (1998) ]. The present calculations also reveal a remarkable size-sensitive effect in the size range of n= 40 to 55. While Na_40 and Na_55 show well developed peaks in the specific heat curve, Na_50 cluster exhibits a rather broad peak, indicating a poorly-defined melting transition. Such a feature has been experimentally observed for gallium and aluminum clusters [ G. A. Breaux et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 8628 (2004); G. A.Breaux et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 173401 (2005) ].
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
Heuristic Considerations on the Typology of Groups and Minorities
Creators: name: Ihne, Hartmut
name: Ihne, Hartmut
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Political Economy

description: Minority rights play a significant role in development policy, especially within inhomogeneous societies. The justification of minority rights is linked to the justification of human rights. The study develops elements of a new typology of minorities against the background of the question of legal claims of minorities and groups. This typology can become part of a mechanism to decide which type of minority may make justified claims to special rights.
COOPERATION AND WEALTH
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Stark, Oded
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: We calculate the equilibrium fraction of cooperators in a population in which payoffs accrue from playing a single-shot prisoner's dilemma game. Individuals who are hardwired as cooperators or defectors are randomly matched into pairs, and cooperators are able to perfectly find out the type of a partner to a game by incurring a recognition cost. We show that the equilibrium fraction of cooperators relates negatively to the population's level of wealth.
ON EXPORT RIVALRY AND THE GREENING OF AGRICULTURE - THE ROLE OF ECO-LABELS
Creators: name: Basu, Arnab K.
name: Chau, Nancy H.
name: Grote, Ulrike
name: Basu, Arnab K.
name: Chau, Nancy H.
name: Grote, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Why do some countries establish their own national eco-labeling programs and some do not? In this paper, we provide both theoretical arguments and empirical evidence suggesting that the answer to this question can shed new light on three questions that have taken center-stage in the trade and environment debate: (i) does trade exacerbate the exploitation of the environment; (ii) are countries competing in export markets engaged in a race to the bottom in environmental performance; and (iii) do market-based environmental instruments benefit the rich and hurt the poor? Our analysis shows that a country's decision to adopt eco-labeling programs is systematically related to a country's: (i) stage of development, (ii) existing environmental performance in the absence of eco-labeling initiatives, and (iii) scale of production. To be appended to this set of essentially non-trade related factors is a set of additional factors that apply in the presence of export rivalry. These include (i) a country's comparative cost advantage and net export orientation, and (ii) the extent of peer or strategic interactions between export competitors.
Analog Particle Production Model for General Classes of Taub-NUT Black Holes
Creators: name: Foo, Joshua
name: Good, Michael R. R.
name: Mann, Robert B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a correspondence between the Hawking radiation spectra emitted from general classes of Taub-NUT black holes with that induced by the relativistic motion of an accelerated Dirichlet boundary condition (i.e.\ a perfectly reflecting mirror) in (1+1)-dimensional flat spacetime. We demonstrate that the particle and energy spectra is thermal at late-times and that particle production is suppressed by the NUT parameter. We also compute the radiation spectrum in the rotating, electrically charged (Kerr-Newman) Taub-NUT scenario, and the extremal case, showing explicitly how these parameters affect the outgoing particle and energy fluxes.
description: 9+3 pages, 14 figures
Flavoenzyme-mediated reduction reactions and antitumor activity of nitrogen-containing tetracyclic ortho-quinone compounds and their nitrated derivatives
Creators: name: Pečiukaitytė-Alksnė, Milda
name: Šarlauskas, Jonas
name: Misevičienė, Lina
name: Marozienė, Audronė
name: Čėnas, Narimantas
name: Krikštopaitis, Kastis
name: Staniulytė, Zita
name: Anusevičius, Žilvinas
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: heterocycle quinones
subject: ortho-quinones
subject: enzymatic reactivity
subject: antitumor activity
subject: apoptosis
subject: DFT computation
subject: 610

description: Nitrogen-based tetracyclic ortho-quinones (naphtho[1'2':4.5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-5,6-diones, NPDOs) and their nitro-substituted derivatives (nitro-(P)NPDOs) were obtained by condensation of substituted 2,3-dichloro- 1,4-naphthoquinones with 2-amino-pyridine and -pyrimidine and nitration at an elevated temperature. The structural features of the compounds as well as their global and regional electrophilic potency were characterized by means of DFT computation. The compounds were highly reactive substrates of single- and two-electron (hydride)- transferring P-450R (CPR; EC 1.6.2.4) and NQO-1 (DTD; EC 1.6.99.2), respectively, concomitantly producing reactive oxygen species. Their catalytic efficiency defined in terms of the apparent second-order rate constant (kcat/KM (Q)) values in P-450R- and NQO-1-mediated reactions varied in the range of 3-6 × 107 M-1 s-1 and 1.6-7.4 × 108 M-1 s-1, respectively. The cytotoxic activities of the compounds on tumor cell lines followed the concentration-dependent manner exhibiting relatively high cytotoxic potency against breast cancer MCF-7, with CL50 values of 0.08-2.02 µM L-1 and lower potency against lung cancer A-549 (CL50 = 0.28-7.66 µM L-1). 3-nitro-pyrimidino- NPDO quinone was the most active compound against MCF-7 with CL50 of 0.08 ± 0.01 µM L-1 (0.02 µg mL-1)) which was followed by 3-nitro-NPDO with CL50 of 0.12 ± 0.03 µM L-1 (0.035 µg mL-1)) and 0.28 ± 0.08 µM L-1 (0.08 µg mL-1) on A-549 and MCF-7 cells, respectively, while 1- and 4-nitro-quinoidals produced the least cyto- or cells quantified by AO/EB staining showed that the cell death induced by the compounds occurs primarily through apoptosis.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 16 2017
Dependence of the non-linear mass power spectrum on the equation of state of dark energy
Creators: name: McDonald, Patrick
name: Trac, Hy
name: Contaldi, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present N-body simulation calculations of the dependence of the power spectrum of non-linear cosmological mass density fluctuations on the equation of state of the dark energy, w=p/rho. At fixed linear theory power, increasing w leads to an increase in non-linear power, with the effect increasing with k. By k=10 h/Mpc, a model with w=-0.75 has ~12% more power than a standard cosmological constant model (w=-1), while a model with w=-0.5 has ~33% extra power (at z=0). The size of the effect increases with increasing dark energy fraction, and to a lesser extent increasing power spectrum normalization, but is insensitive to the power spectrum shape (the numbers above are for Omega_m=0.281 and sigma_8=0.897). A code quantifying the non-linear effect of varying w, as a function of k, z, and other cosmological parameters, which should be accurate to a few percent for k<10 h/Mpc for models that fit the current observations, is available at http://www.cita.utoronto.ca/~pmcdonal/code.html. This paper also serves as an example of a detailed exploration of the numerical convergence properties of ratios of power spectra for different models, which can be useful because some kinds of numerical error cancel in a ratio. When precision calculations based on numerical simulations are needed for many different models, efficiency may be gained by breaking the problem into a calculation of the absolute prediction at a central point, and calculations of the relative change in the prediction with model parameters.
description: accepted by MNRAS, code at http://www.cita.utoronto.ca/~pmcdonal/code.html, corrected error in plotting Smith et al. prediction - now agree perfectly when w=-1
OVERLAPPING
Creators: name: Wang, Yong
name: Stark, Oded
name: Wang, Yong
name: Stark, Oded
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: We propose a new microeconomic explanation for the divergent experiences of economies in forming human capital. We suggest that the positive effect of a longer life expectancy on human capital formation arises from two separate effects: a life expectancy effect and a prolonged intergenerational overlap effect. We argue that the duration of the overlap between generations and the associated parental support can affect the marginal cost of human capital formation and hence its level: parental support is cheaper than market financing. We thus attribute the strong correlation between the formation of human capital and life expectancy not merely to a higher marginal benefit arising from a longer payback period but also to a lower marginal cost arising from a prolonged intergenerational overlap. We provide conditions under which a longer overlap results in a higher level of per capita output.
Developing animal-habitat models for management of high-elevation forests
Creators: name: Huggard, David John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I examined ways to develop better models relating animals to habitat features, forest harvest types and edges, using data on spruce grouse (Falcipennis canadensis) and small mammals (masked shrews, Sorex cinereus; montane shrews, Sorex monticolus; and southern redbacked voles, Clethrionomys gapped). The work was part of the multidisciplinary Sicamous Creek Silviculture Systems project in high-elevation Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir forest in southern British Columbia. Spruce grouse in winter selected knolls and areas with dense, small and short trees, dense canopy cover, and exposed rock. Grouse avoided forest within 5- 10 m of cutblock edges. Occurrence of grouse in forests near open wetlands increased with increasing predicted habitat quality, but declined within 10-20m of the opening. Removing 33% of timber volume with openings of 0.1, 1, or 10 ha reduced occurrence of grouse by a similar amount; uniform partial cutting reduced their occurrence by 69%. Habitat relationships were less evident for small mammals collected in pitfall traps. As a preliminary step in model development, I elaborated techniques that partition environmental and spatial variation in abundance to include variation due to habitat types, habitat elements, and shared variation, and also estimated measurement error. Unexplained variation was high, and equalled expected measurement error in half the cases. Relationships with habitat elements were confounded to varying degrees by habitat type differences and spatial patterns. The elaborated technique is useful to characterize variation observed in habitat relationship studies, and to guide further study and interpretations of results. I compared classification and regression trees (CART) and neural networks (NN) to linear additive models. The more complex NN and CART habitat models fit data better than linear additive models, but had equal or poorer predictive abilities with data from independent sites. The fit of a model and its predictive ability were unrelated across 14 data sets and the 3 techniques. However, CART and NN modelling have heuristic benefits, suggesting non-linear and contingent relationships for future study. I summarized effects of harvest types on small mammals using likelihood functions to facilitate applied interpretations and a Bayesian combination with literature estimates. Sorex cinereus and immature red-backed voles declined in clearcuts by 26 - 57%, while uniform partial cutting had smaller negative or positive effects. Sorex monticolus increased slightly in both harvest types. Edge response varied for the 3 small mammal species. The shrews showed weak positive associations with shrub, herb, or forest floor cover. Red-backed voles showed stronger positive, interacting relationships with canopy, shrub cover and coarse woody debris. Management implications are presented for maintaining spruce grouse and small mammal habitats.
Non-Gaussianity of the density distribution in accelerating universes
Creators: name: Tatekawa, Takayuki
name: Mizuno, Shuntaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to recent observations, the existence of the dark energy has been considered. Even though we have obtained the constraint of the equation of the state for dark energy ($p = w ρ$) as $-1 \le w \le -0.78$ by combining WMAP data with other astronomical data, in order to pin down $w$, it is necessary to use other independent observational tools. For this purpose, we consider the $w$ dependence of the non-Gaussianity of the density distribution generated by nonlinear dynamics. To extract the non-Gaussianity, we follow a semi-analytic approach based on Lagrangian linear perturbation theory, which provides an accurate value for the quasi-nonlinear region. From our results, the difference of the non-Gaussianity between $w = -1$ and $w= -0.5$ is about 4% while that between $w = -1$ and $w= -0.8$ is about $0.9 %$. For the highly non-linear region, we estimate the difference by combining this perturbative approach with N-body simulation executed for our previous paper. From this, we can expect the difference to be more enhanced in the low-$z$ region, which suggests that the non-Gaussianity of the density distribution potentially plays an important role for extracting the information of dark energy.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in JCAP; v2: smoothing scale has been changed
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND POLICIES IN CHINA'S TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Creators: name: Taketoshi, Kazuki
name: Taketoshi, Kazuki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze economic and policy factors affecting pollution by Township and Village Industrial Enterprises (TVIEs) in China and to discuss problems and directions in environmental policies for them. With the rapid growth of TVIEs since the early 1980s, pollution has been spreading into the rural areas. The large number and small size of TVIEs makes it difficult for TVIEs themselves and the government to implement environmental measures. The econometric analyses with the provincial data of National Survey of Pollution by TVIEs (NSPT) show that COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) intensity is decreased by investment in wastewater treatment facilities and by more efficient technologies, indicated by higher labor productivity and the fact that investment in wastewater treatment facilities has a significant correlation with the effective rate of water pollution levy. On the other hand, the result of the factory survey clarifies that many TVIEs suffer from a lack of external financial resources to invest in pollution abatement facilities. Local governments should strictly enforce the pollution levy system and other regulations for TVIEs, and at the same time they should make public loans for environmental measures easily accessible to TVIEs and provide environmental education and training for managers and workers at TVIEs.
Loop and spin foam quantum gravity: a brief guide for beginners
Creators: name: Nicolai, Hermann
name: Peeters, Kasper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review aspects of loop quantum gravity and spin foam models at an introductory level, with special attention to questions frequently asked by non-specialists.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures; Contributed article to "An assessment of current paradigms in the physics of fundamental interactions", ed. I. Stamatescu, Springer; v2: several issues clarified, references added
Lebenswelten im Wandel – Ein Vergleich der Freizeitangebote am Beispiel der BHAK/BHAS Oberwart unter der besonderen Berücksichtigung der sportlichen Freizeitangebote für weibliche Jugendliche im ländlichen Raum
Creators: name: Berzsenyi, Viktoria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Dass sich die Lebenswelten von Kindern und Jugendlichen vor allem seit der Jahrtausendwende rasant verändert haben, ist allgemein bekannt.  Aus diesem Grund ist die Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Themenfeld von großer Bedeutung.  Die Schüler:innen von heute bringen ganz andere Voraussetzungen mit als ihre damaligen Gleichaltrigen in den 1980er Jahren. Eine Freizeitgestaltung ohne digitale oder soziale Medien ist heute, im Jahr 2024, die Ausnahme, war aber im letzten Jahrhundert mangels entsprechender Geräte noch keine Option. Auch der Unterricht hat sich in den letzten vierzig Jahren stark verändert. Während im vergangenen Jahrhundert in den meisten österreichischen Schulklassen noch der Frontalunterricht dominierte, sind heute schülerzentrierte Ansätze bzw. Projektarbeit ein fixer Bestandteil der Lehrpläne und der Arbeit im Unterricht. An der BHAK/BHAS Oberwart gab es bereits gegen Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts immer wieder Projekte, in denen vor allem nur die Schülerinnen die tragende Rolle übernahmen. Warum das so war bzw. wie sich die Lebenswelt der Schüler:innen, insbesondere die Bedeutung von Bewegung und Sport und Vereinen an der BHAK/BHAS Oberwart seit damals verändert hat, soll innerhalb dieses Artikels zusammengefasst werden.