cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ENVRI-FAIR D10.7: Final report on EPOS policies and governance for FAIR and EOSC
Creators: name: Jeffery, Keith
name: Bailo, Daniele
name: Glaves, Helen M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ENVRI-FAIR
deliverable
data science
data standards
policies
governance

description: D10.7 “Final Report on EPOS Policies and Governance for FAIR and EOSC” describes the work done towards ensuring that clear policies are in place with the governance to provide assurance. It builds on MS66 and D10.6.

In this deliverable we therefore describe the EPOS policies and associated governance.

It should be noted that a Policy Group continues within EPOS to review policies, provide policies when missing, propose appropriate governance and commission IT support. This group has also provided much input for WP4 including running workshops.
Pinirampus pirinampu
Creators: name: Ota, Renata Rúbia
name: Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho
name: Graça, Weferson Júnio da
name: Pavanelli, Carla Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Pimelodidae
Pinirampus
Pinirampus pirinampu

description: Pinirampus pirinampu (Agassiz, 1829) Fig. 30 Body deep; greatest depth contained 5.1 to 5.3 times in SL; head length 4.2 to 4.5, anal-fin base length 7.6 to 8.5, adipose-fin base length 2.3 to 2.6, maxillary-barbel length 1.1 to 1.4 in SL; snout length 2.0 to 2.2, horizontal orbital diameter 7.0 to 9.2, least interorbital width 2.6 to 2.9 in HL; orbital diameter 2.6 to 3.5 in interorbital width. Mouth terminal; dentigerous tooth plates in both premaxilla and dentary. Dorsal fin with 7, pectoral fin with 13-17, pelvic fin with 7 and anal fin with 11-15 rays. Ground color greyish to pale brown. Dorsal, pectoral and caudal fins grey, pelvic and anal fins hyaline (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). M aximum standard length. 680.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Amazon and río Essequibo basins, and Paraná-Paraguay system.
description: Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 85, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395
description: {"references": ["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}
The vitamin B12 analog cobinamide ameliorates azide toxicity in cells, Drosophila melanogaster, and mice
Creators: name: Tat, John
name: Chang, Stephen C.
name: Link, Cole D.
name: Razo-Lopez, Suelen
name: Ingerto, Michael J.
name: Katebian, Behdod
name: Chan, Adriano
name: Kalyanaraman, Hema
name: Pilz, Renate B.
name: Boss, Gerry R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology

description: The azide anion (N3-) is highly toxic. It exists most commonly as sodium azide, which is used widely and is readily available, raising the potential for occupational incidents and use as a weapon of mass destruction. Azide-poisoned patients present with vomiting, seizures, hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and coma; death can occur. No specific azide antidote exists, with treatment being solely supportive. Azide inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase and is likely oxidized to nitric oxide in vivo. Cytochrome c oxidase inhibition depletes intracellular adenosine triphosphate and increases oxidative stress, while increased nitric oxide causes hypotension and exacerbates oxidative damage. Here, we tested whether the cobalamin (vitamin B12) analog cobinamide, a strong and versatile antioxidant that also neutralizes nitric oxide, can reverse azide toxicity in mammalian cells, Drosophila melanogaster, and mice. We found cobinamide bound azide with a moderate affinity (Ka 2.87 × 105 M−1). Yet, cobinamide improved growth, increased intracellular adenosine triphosphate, and reduced apoptosis and malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, in azide-exposed cells. Cobinamide rescued Drosophila melanogaster and mice from lethal exposure to azide and was more effective than hydroxocobalamin. Azide likely generated nitric oxide in the mice, as evidenced by increased serum nitrite and nitrate, and reduced blood pressure and peripheral body temperature in the animals; the reduced temperature was likely due to reflex vasoconstriction in response to the hypotension. Cobinamide improved recovery of both blood pressure and body temperature. We conclude cobinamide likely acted by neutralizing both oxidative stress and nitric oxide, and that it should be given further consideration as an azide antidote.
ENVRI-FAIR D10.7: Final report on EPOS policies and governance for FAIR and EOSC
Creators: name: Jeffery, Keith
name: Bailo, Daniele
name: Glaves, Helen M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ENVRI-FAIR
deliverable
data science
data standards
policies
governance

description: D10.7 “Final Report on EPOS Policies and Governance for FAIR and EOSC” describes the work done towards ensuring that clear policies are in place with the governance to provide assurance. It builds on MS66 and D10.6. In this deliverable we therefore describe the EPOS policies and associated governance. It should be noted that a Policy Group continues within EPOS to review policies, provide policies when missing, propose appropriate governance and commission IT support. This group has also provided much input for WP4 including running workshops.
Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker 1862
Creators: name: Ota, Renata Rúbia
name: Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho
name: Graça, Weferson Júnio da
name: Pavanelli, Carla Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Pimelodidae
Pseudoplatystoma

description: Pseudoplatystoma 1. Body with several dark-brown blotches...... P. corruscans 1’. Body with several dark-brown loop-like transverse bars.................................................................. P. reticulatum
description: Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 85, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395
The price of a life: the confluence of strategy and legitimacy in civilian harm compensation
Creators: name: Heard, Kaleigh S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: It is estimated that since the Global War on Terror began in 2001, these wars have directly caused the deaths of 897,000 to 929,000 people, including 364,000 civilians (Cost of War Project, 2022). While efforts to mitigate civilian harm have grown, significantly less attention has been paid to what happens when civilian harm does, inevitably, occur. Theorized by counterinsurgency specialists to reduce or mitigate some of the population-centric strategic costs associated with civilian harm incidents caused by counterinsurgency forces, civilian harm response and compensation has become a central consequence management strategy used by Coalition forces in counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations. They are thought to assist counterinsurgents to obtain, retain, or regain legitimacy amongst affected communities in the aftermath of civilian harm incidents. However, efforts to respond to civilian harm incidents have varied widely in practice. Approaches, processes, and amounts of compensation have ranged widely across cases, begging the question— does civilian harm response and compensation ‘work?’ This study argues that for civilian harm response and compensation to be effective in contributing to counterinsurgency goals they must be designed with the needs and expectations of affected survivors, their families, and communities at the centre. In order to demonstrate this theory, I present evidence using process tracing and qualitative comparative techniques to analyze a wealth of primary and secondary data garnered from archival and interview-based research conducted in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria. I show that in these contexts how militaries respond to civilian harm incidents matters greatly to achieving their strategic objectives and securing the central objective of counterinsurgencies—legitimacy—in the aftermath of civilian harm. In all nine cases, I demonstrate that it is only when the needs and expectations of survivors, their families, and communities are prioritized and embedded into the response and compensation approach that these can mechanisms contribute positively to counterinsurgency’s legitimacy-centric objectives.
Pseudoplatystoma corruscans
Creators: name: Ota, Renata Rúbia
name: Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho
name: Graça, Weferson Júnio da
name: Pavanelli, Carla Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Pimelodidae
Pseudoplatystoma
Pseudoplatystoma corruscans

description: Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix, Agassiz, 1829) Fig. 30 Body deep; greatest depth contained 5.8 to 6.3 times in SL; head length 2.4 to 3.2, anal-fin base length 8.4 to 8.8, adipose-fin base length 10.7 to 14.4, maxillary-barbel length 2.4 to 2.9 in SL; snout length 2.0 to 2.2, horizontal orbital diameter 9.5 to 10.8, least interorbital width 4.4 to 4.8 in HL; orbital diameter 4.4 to 4.8 in interorbital width. Mouth subterminal, premaxilla slightly longer than dentary dentigerous tooth plates in both premaxilla and dentary. Dorsal fin with 7, pectoral fin with I,9, pelvic fin with 7 and anal fin with 12-15 rays. Ground color dark-grey above lateral line, whitish below; several dark-brown blotches on body. Hyaline fins with few black spots (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 860.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. São Francisco basin and Paraná-Paraguay system.
description: Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 85, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395
description: {"references": ["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}
ENVRI-FAIR D11.3: Catalogue of the integrated implemented services
Creators: name: Basset, Alberto
name: Vaira, Lucia
name: de Pascalis, Francesca
name: Islam, Sharif
name: Peterseil, Johannes
name: Wohner, Christoph
name: Papale, Dario
name: Ignatiuk, Dariusz
name: Denkmann, Rudolf
name: de Nart, Dario
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ENVRI-FAIR
FAIR principles
FAIR data
research infrastructures
environmental research

description: In this deliverable we produce a list of services developed by Biodiversity and Ecosystems subdomain RIs. The services we considered were developed or utilised during the ENVRI-FAIR project in order to increase the interoperability and the co-development of service among different RIs of the subdomain.
Association of prescription drug monitoring programs with benzodiazepine prescription dispensation and overdose in adolescents and young adults
Creators: name: Toce, Michael S.
name: Michelson, Kenneth A.
name: Hudgins, Joel D.
name: Olson, Karen L.
name: Monuteaux, Michael C.
name: Bourgeois, Florence T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Prescription drug monitoring programs are state-run databases designed to support safe prescribing of controlled substances and reduce prescription drug misuse. We analyzed healthcare claims data to determine the association between prescription drug monitoring programs with mandated provider review and adolescent and young adult benzodiazepine prescription dispensing and overdose. We performed a state-level retrospective cohort study to evaluate the association between implementation of prescription drug monitoring programs with mandated provider review and benzodiazepine prescription dispensing and benzodiazepine-related overdoses among adolescents (13–18 years) and young adults (19–25 years) between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2019. Data were obtained from a United States commercial health insurance company. There were 74,539 (1.8%) adolescents and 246,760 (4.0%) young adults with at least one benzodiazepine prescription dispensed. Benzodiazepine overdoses occurred among 1,569 (0.04%) and 3,202 (0.05%) adolescents and young adults, respectively. Implementation of a prescription drug monitoring program with mandated provider review was associated with a 6.8% (95% CI, 1.6–11.8) yearly reduction in benzodiazepine prescription dispensing among adolescents and a 12.5% (95% CI, 9.3–15.5) yearly reduction among young adults. There was no decrease in benzodiazepine overdoses in either age group (-15.4% [95% CI, −21.5 to 3.0] and −8.0% [95% CI, −18.0 to 3.2] yearly change in adolescents and young adults, respectively). Consistent with prior work, our study did not find an association between prescription drug monitoring program implementation and reduction in benzodiazepine-related overdoses among adolescents and young adults. However, the substantial reduction in benzodiazepine prescription dispensing is encouraging. Prescription drug monitoring programs were associated with decreases in benzodiazepine prescription dispensing, but not benzodiazepine-related overdoses in this cohort of adolescents and young adults. These findings serve to inform development of further policies to address rising rates of benzodiazepine misuse and overdose in this patient population.
Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum Eigenmann, Eigenmann 1889
Creators: name: Ota, Renata Rúbia
name: Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho
name: Graça, Weferson Júnio da
name: Pavanelli, Carla Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Pimelodidae
Pseudoplatystoma
Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum

description:  Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum Eigenmann, Eigenmann, 1889 Fig. 30 Body deep; greatest depth contained 5.5 to 6.0 times in SL; head length 2.6 to 2.7, anal-fin base length 8.0 to 8.9, adiposefin base length 11.0 to 13.0, maxillary-barbel length 2.2 to 2.5 in SL; snout length 2.0 to 2.3, horizontal orbital diameter 10.0 to 10.8, least interorbital width 4.0 to 4.9 in HL; orbital diameter 2.4 to 2.5 in interorbital width. Mouth subterminal; dentigerous tooth plates in both premaxilla and dentary. Dorsal fin with 7, pectoral fin with I,8 or 9, pelvic fin with 7 and anal fin with 14-17 rays. Ground color dark-grey above lateral line, whitish below; dark-brown loop-like transverse bars from posterior opercular flap to caudal peduncle. Dorsal and anal fins with black spots; pectoral and pelvic fins dark-grey dorsally, pale ventrally, with few black spots (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 800.0 mm. Distribution. Central Amazon and rio Paraná basins. Remarks. Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum was identified as P. fasciatum by Graça, Pavanelli (2007). Buitrago-Suárez, Burr (2007), in a taxonomic study of Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker, 1862, restricted the distribution of P. fasciatum to the Guyana region and proposed the new identification for the specimens from the rio Paraná basin. Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná, and its occurrence can be associated with the functioning of the Canal da Piracema, a fish ladder that connects the region downstream from the Itaipu Dam to the region upstream from the dam.
description: Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 85, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395
description: {"references": ["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64.", "Buitrago-Suarez UR, Burr BM. Taxonomy of the catfish genus Pseudoplatystoma Bleeker (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) with recognition of eight species. Zootaxa. 2007; 1512: 1 - 38."]}
Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with paracetamol poisoning before and after restrictions of over-the-counter sale of paracetamol
Creators: name: Andersen, Charlotte Uggerhøj
name: Hansen, Steffen
name: Dalhoff, Kim Peder
name: Nielsen, Lars Peter
name: Møller, Jørn Munkhof
name: Olesen, Anne Estrup
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Paracetamol poisoning is a frequent cause of hospitalization in Denmark. On 30 September 2013, the Danish authorities restricted packages available without a prescription in pharmacy outlets to contain a maximum of 10 g of paracetamol. We aimed to investigate the effects of this regulation. This was a cross-sectional study of two groups of patients admitted consecutively to a Danish University Hospital due to poisoning with paracetamol in 365 days in 2012–13 before 30 September 2013, and a corresponding 365-day period in 2017–18. Data were extracted from patient records. In 2012–2013 and 2017–18, 156 and 92 admissions in 127 and 78 unique patients, respectively, were identified. Ingestion of more than 20 g paracetamol occurred in a significantly higher proportion of cases in 2012–13 compared to 2017–18 (29% vs 13%, P < 0.01). In accordance, there were no cases of international normalized ratio >1.5 or alanine aminotransferase activity >1000 U/L in the post-legislation period, and seven and five cases in the pre-legislation period, respectively. Females accounted for 80% and 78% of patients in the two periods, respectively, and were considerably younger than males (median [interquartile range]: 22 [17–40] vs. 47 [30–56], P < 0.01 in 2012–13, and 23 [18–46] vs. 43 [27–49] years, P = 0.02 in 2017–18). Furthermore, in 2012-13, intentional poisonings occurred in a higher proportion of females than males 2012–13 (97% vs 85%, P < 0.01). The present study demonstrated a lower number of paracetamol poisonings, a decreased proportion of poisonings involving ingestion of more than 20 g of paracetamol, and a lower occurrence of hepatotoxicity after the regulation. However, circumstances other than pack size restrictions, such as increased public awareness of the danger of paracetamol poisonings, may affect these associations. Furthermore, the study showed that females and males constitute two distinct groups in terms of age and intentional poisoning.
Sorubim lima
Creators: name: Ota, Renata Rúbia
name: Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho
name: Graça, Weferson Júnio da
name: Pavanelli, Carla Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Pimelodidae
Sorubim
Sorubim lima

description: Sorubim lima (Bloch, Schneider, 1801) Fig. 30 Body elongated; greatest depth contained 6.2 to 7.8 times in SL; head length 2.8 to 3.0, anal-fin base length 7.0 to 7.3, adipose-fin base length 14.6 to 15.0, maxillary-barbel length 2.3 to 3.0 in SL; snout length 2.0 to 2.2, horizontal orbital diameter 9.3 to 10.5, least interorbital width 2.7 to 3.0 in HL; orbital diameter 1.9 to 2.4 in interorbital width. Mouth subterminal, premaxilla much longer than dentary; dentigerous tooth plates in both premaxilla and dentary. Dorsal fin with I,6, pectoral fin with I,8-10, pelvic fin with 7 and anal fin with 17- 19 rays. Ground color dark-brown dorsally, whitish ventrally; two dark-brown longitudinal bands, with irregular borders, one along lateral line to median caudal-fin rays and another on dorsum. Hyaline fins (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 605.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Amazon, río Orinoco, río Paraná and rio Paranaíba basins. Remarks. Sorubim lima is a non-native species from the upper rio Paraná, and its occurrence can be associated with the filling of the Itaipu Reservoir and the consequent inundation of the Sete Quedas Falls.
description: Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on pages 85-87, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395
description: {"references": ["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}
Improving BrowserWatermarking with Eye Tracking
Creators: name: Nikolai-Iraj
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Browser
Person Identification
Hardware Independent

description: The easiest and most accessible method for fingerprinting used by online services is browser fingerprinting.
 Browser fingerprinting distinguishes between user devices using information about
 the browser and the system, which is usually provided by most browsers to any
 website, even when cookies are turned off. This data is usually unique
 enough even for identical devices, since it heavily relies on device usage by the user.
 In this paper, browser fingerprinting is being improved with the usage of information
 acquired from an eye tracker
Steindachneridion scriptum
Creators: name: Ota, Renata Rúbia
name: Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho
name: Graça, Weferson Júnio da
name: Pavanelli, Carla Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Pimelodidae
Steindachneridion
Steindachneridion scriptum

description: Steindachneridion scriptum (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918) Fig. 30 Body deep; greatest depth contained 5.8 to 6.3 times in SL; head length 2.4 to 3.2, anal-fin base length 8.4 to 8.8, adiposefin base length 8.0 to 10.0, maxillary-barbel length 2.4 to 2.9 in SL; snout length 2.0 to 2.2, horizontal orbital diameter 9.5 to 10.8, least interorbital width 4.4 to 4.8 in HL; orbital diameter 1.9 to 2.4 in interorbital width. Mouth terminal; dentigerous tooth plates in both premaxilla and dentary. Dorsal fin with 7, pectoral fin with I,9, pelvic fin with 7 and anal fin with 12-15 rays. Ground color greyish; dark-brown spots and irregular stripes on body. Dark-grey fins (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 640.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Río Uruguay and upper rio Paraná basins.
description: Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 87, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395
description: {"references": ["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}
Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and antibody interactions
Creators: name: Scafuri, Bernardina
name: D'Arminio, Nancy
name: Alfieri, Sara
name: Petrillo, Mauro
name: Querci, Maddalena
name: Van Den Eede, Guy
name: Facchiano, Angelo
name: Marabotti, Anna
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2022

description: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly emerged coronavirus that is responsible for the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccine and therapeutic discovery efforts are paramount to curb the pandemic spread of this zoonotic virus.
 The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein allows the entrance into host cells and is the main target of neutralizing antibodies [Pinto et al, 2020]. It displays the highest degree of genetic variability in the virus genome and the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 variants could dampen our efforts to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic [Di Paola et al., 2020]
 In the last two years, many spike structures in complex with different antibodies have been solved and are available in PDB database [Burkley et al., 2021]. In our work we investigated the effects that mutations in spike could have on the interactions with the antibodies.
 We built a non-redundant dataset containing 179 representative complexes of spike bound with different antibodies, manually selected from PDB (http://www.rcsb.org) (updated on September 23, 2021). We evaluated the H-bonds and hydrophobic interactions between each different chain of the wild-type spike and of the antibody in the selected complexes using LigPlot [Laskowski and Swindells, 2011], and we detected ionic interactions with an in house developed Perl script. Full analyses have been supported using R programming (https://www.r-project.org).
 From this analysis, we selected 85 residues involved both in the interaction and in the mutation and we also calculated the related statistic frequency (how many times a spike residue interacts with an antibody residue in the 179 wild-type complexes). We considered only mutations that interact more than, or at least, 10 times and this cut-off allowed us to select 42 mutations. Then, we calculated the new interactions modeling the selected mutations on each chain of the trimer spike using Modeller [Sali and Blundell, 1993]. In this way, we evaluated the interactions for about 7500 mutated complexes.
 Finally, we punctually compared the wild-type interactions of each complex with the 42 mutated ones. Thus, it was possible to verify whether the mutations can cause changes in bonding patterns between spike chains and antibodies. We highlighted those cases in which the interaction is maintained, or it is not, because of the mutation. Also, we noticed mutated spike residues presenting more interactions than the wild-type ones. Our results outline how mutated spike behaves in binding antibodies, which is essential for drugs development and for the evaluation of vaccines efficacy.
ENVRI-FAIR D11.4: Biodiversity and Ecosystem subdomain long-term development and management plan
Creators: name: Papale, Dario
name: Wohner, Christoph
name: Cudalbu, Cristian
name: de Pascalis, Francesca
name: Vermeulen, Alex
name: Gasner, Paul
name: Stanciu, Irina
name: Denkmann, Rudolf
name: Basset, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ENVRI-FAIR
FAIR principles
FAIR data
research infrastructures
environmental research

description: The ENVRI-FAIR project activities have clearly improved the FAIRness of the data collected by the Ecosystem and Biodiversity RIs and the level of cross-RI collaboration. With a long-term plan, the RIs must have also a trajectory in terms of long-term collaboration, consolidation and management that should be also based on the experience in ENVRI-FAIR.

In this deliverable an analysis of the possible common development paths, complementarities and specific long-term use cases are presented and prepared for a discussion among the RIs’ legal entities.
Zungaro jahu
Creators: name: Ota, Renata Rúbia
name: Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho
name: Graça, Weferson Júnio da
name: Pavanelli, Carla Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Pimelodidae
Zungaro
Zungaro jahu

description: Zungaro jahu (Ihering, 1898) Fig. 30 Body deep; greatest depth contained 3.5 to 3.8 times in SL; head length 2.9 to 3.1, anal-fin base length 9.0 to 9.3, adipose-fin base length 5.9 to 6.2 and maxillary-barbel length 1.9 to 2.2 in SL; snout length 2.6 to 2.8, horizontal orbital diameter 9.9 to 11.0 and least interobital width 2.7 to 3.1 in HL. Mouth terminal, tooth plates on maxilla and dentary. Dorsal fin with I,6, pectoral fin with I,11 or 12, pelvic fin with 7 rays and anal fin with 12-15 rays. Ground color pale yellow to pale green; dark-brown irregular blotches on body. All fins dark-grey. Maximum standard length. 830.0 mm. Distribution. Paraná-Paraguay system. Remarks. Zungaro jahu was identified as Z. zungaro by Graça, Pavanelli (2007). Lundberg, Littmann (2003) considered the specimens from the rio Paraná-Paraguay basin as Z. jahu, and the specimens from the Amazon and rio Orinoco basin as Z. zungaro.
description: Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 87, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395
description: {"references": ["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64.", "Lundberg JG, Littmann MW. Family Pimelodidae. In: Reis RE, Kullander SO, Ferraris CJ, Jr., organizers. Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: Edipucs; 2003. p. 432 - 446."]}
Erstellung und Bewertung eines Webbrowserbasierten Frameworks zur Datenakquise für Studien
Creators: name: , Oliwia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Browser framework
Online Study

description: Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Ertsellung und Bewertung eines Frameworks
 zur Durchführung und Datenerfassung von Studien, wie beispielswweise eine
 Blickpostionsvorhersage oder Emotionserkennung. Der Eyetracker basiert auf der
 webgazer.js Biblitohek der Brown Universität und die Emotionserkennung beruht
 auf einer FrontEnd-Emotionserkennungs Bibliothek auf Grundlage von der Google
 Shape Detection API. Beide Bibiliotheken, wurden implementiert, um sie für Studien
 zu gebrauchen. Zusätzlich zu diesen Daten werden auch noch Angaben wie das Alter
 und das Geschlecht, jedoch nur auf freiwilliger Basis, erfasst, um mehr Aussagekraft
 zu erhalten. Anschließend wird das Framework getestet und bewertet, um zu
 erfahren, ob es genauso gut in der Praxis wie in der Theorie funktioniert, da es sich
 hierbei um komplett clientseitige Anwendungen handelt. Im Normalfall benötigen
 solche Anwendungen nämlich noch zusätzliche Hardware, um zu funktionieren.
 Die verwendeten Biblitoheken kommen jedoch ohne diese aus, fordern nur eine
 funktionierende Webcam und bestehen nur auf JavaScript Code. Deshalb stellt
 sich hier nun die Frage, ob eine rein clientseitige Anwendung vergleichbar gut mit
 anderen Anwednungen in diesen Bereichen funktioniert und ob sich die Daten gut
 erfassen lassen.
Retrospective evaluation of management guidelines for extracorporeal treatment of metformin poisoning
Creators: name: Trebach, Joshua
name: Mohan, Sanjay
name: Gnirke, Marlis
name: Su, Mark K.
name: Gosselin, Sophie
name: Hoffman, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning (EXTRIP) Workgroup defined criteria for extracorporeal toxin removal in patients with metformin poisoning. The primary objective of this study was to determine the benefit of extracorporeal toxin removal in patients meeting EXTRIP criteria. The secondary objective was to determine the performance characteristics of the EXTRIP criteria. This was a single-center retrospective analysis of metformin poisoned patients. Inclusion criteria were: suspicion of metformin poisoning with at least one of the following present: lactate concentration >5 mmol/L; pH < 7.35; or impaired kidney function. Patient data were extracted by reviewers who were unaware of the study hypothesis. Cases were analyzed based on EXTRIP criteria, whether extracorporeal toxin removal was performed, and survival. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were calculated with respect to the EXTRIP criteria and survival. Of 201 patients studied, 145 patients met recommended EXTRIP criteria (EXTRIP positive) and 56 patients did not (EXTRIP negative). Among patients who met recommended EXTRIP criteria, 96 received extracorporeal toxin removal and 49 did not. There was no difference in survival between these groups: 75.0% versus 73.5%, respectively (P >0.05). All 56 patients who did not meet EXTRIP criteria, survived (negative predictive value = 100%). The study did not demonstrate a survival benefit for extracorporeal toxin removal in those meeting EXTRIP criteria. In this retrospective analysis, the recommended EXTRIP criteria had a negative predictive value for death of 100%. Further study is needed to evaluate the benefit of extracorporeal toxin removal in patients meeting EXTRIP criteria for metformin poisoning.
Reusing the Model and Components of an IIR Study for Perceived Effects of OCR Quality Change
Creators: name: Kettunen, Kimmo
name: Keskustalo, Heikki
name: Larsen, Birger
name: Pääkkönen, Tuula
name: Rautiainen, Juha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: BIIRRR2022
OCR quality
Interactive Information Retrieval
Evaluation
Simulated Work Task
Historical newspaper collections
User Study
Resource reuse

description: Presentation for the paper Kimmo Kettunen, Heikki Keskustalo, Birger Larsen, Tuula Pääkkönen and Juha Rautiainen. 2022. Reusing the Model and Components of an IIR Study for Perceived Effects of OCR Quality Change. In Proceedings of Third Workshop on Building towards Information Interaction and Retrieval Resources Re-use (BIIRRR 2022, https://biirrr2022.aau.dk/) at the CHIIR2022 Conference. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 7 pages
ENVRI-FAIR D11.4: Biodiversity and Ecosystem subdomain long-term development and management plan
Creators: name: Papale, Dario
name: Wohner, Christoph
name: Cudalbu, Cristian
name: de Pascalis, Francesca
name: Vermeulen, Alex
name: Gasner, Paul
name: Stanciu, Irina
name: Denkmann, Rudolf
name: Basset, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ENVRI-FAIR
FAIR principles
FAIR data
research infrastructures
environmental research

description: The ENVRI-FAIR project activities have clearly improved the FAIRness of the data collected by the Ecosystem and Biodiversity RIs and the level of cross-RI collaboration. With a long-term plan, the RIs must have also a trajectory in terms of long-term collaboration, consolidation and management that should be also based on the experience in ENVRI-FAIR. In this deliverable an analysis of the possible common development paths, complementarities and specific long-term use cases are presented and prepared for a discussion among the RIs’ legal entities.
Erstellung und Bewertung einer Webplattformbasierten Datenhaltungs- und Bewertungssoftware für Studien
Creators: name: Roufayda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Browser framework
Online study

description: Aufgrund der zunehmenden Nutzung und Felxibilität des Internets, hat sich der
 Einsatz von Webanwendungen in vielen Anwendungsgebieten etabliert. Vor allem
 in der empirischen Forschung, z.B. in Bereichen des maschinellen Lernens oder der
 Mensch-Computer-Interaktion, findet eine steigende Integration vonWebanwendungen
 in den Studienbetrieb statt, um schnell und flexibel große Datensätze verwalten
 und auswerten zu können. Hierzu ist es wichtig, eine Datenhaltungssoftware so zu
 gestalten, dass eine qualitativ hochwertige und eziente Speicherung der erhobenen
 Studiendaten gewährleistet wird. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung und
 Bewertung einerWebplattformbasierten Datenhaltungs- und Bewertungssoftware
 für Eye-Tracking- und Emotion-Detection-Studien. Dazu wurde eine auf dem Client-
 Server-Modell basierende Webplattform erstellt, die Probandendaten sammelt und
 anschließend in einer Datenbank verwaltet. Darauf aufbauend wird im Rahmen dieser
 Arbeit diese Software unter Betrachtung verschiedener Anforderungen evaluiert
 und bewertet.
Microglanis garavelloi Shibatta, Benine 2005
Creators: name: Ota, Renata Rúbia
name: Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho
name: Graça, Weferson Júnio da
name: Pavanelli, Carla Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Pseudopimelodidae
Microglanis
Microglanis garavelloi

description: Microglanis garavelloi Shibatta, Benine, 2005 Fig. 31 Body depressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly; greatest depth contained 4.5 to 5.2 and caudal peduncle depth 6.0 to 9.3 times in SL; head length 3.3 to 4.0, adipose fin base length 3.6 to 7.0 and maxillary-barbel length 2.5 to 4.2 in SL; snout length 2.2 to 2.7, horizontal orbital diameter 6.2 to 10.9 and least interorbital width 1.8 to 2.4 in HL. Mouth terminal, teeth small and villiform; dorsal fin with I,6, pectoral fin with I,5, pelvic fin with 6 rays and anal fin with 6 rays (Shibatta, Benine, 2005). Ground color yellowish to pale brown; brown saddles on dorsal region. All fins with dark-brown spots; dorsal fin with two brown longitudinal bands, one past middle and another along base; caudal fin with two brown transverse bars, one at base and another past middle; adipose fin with brown transverse bar in middle. Maximum standard length. 41.8 mm. Biological data. Lives in the marginal vegetation of the streams (Shibatta, Benine, 2005). Distribution. Rio Paranapanema, rio Tietê basins and rio Iguatemi.
description: Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 87, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395
description: {"references": ["Shibatta OA, Benine RC. A new species of Microglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from upper rio Parana basin, Brazil. Neotrop Ichthyol. 2005; 3 (4): 579 - 85."]}
Pseudopimelodus mangurus
Creators: name: Ota, Renata Rúbia
name: Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho
name: Graça, Weferson Júnio da
name: Pavanelli, Carla Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Pseudopimelodidae
Pseudopimelodus
Pseudopimelodus mangurus

description: Pseudopimelodus mangurus (Valenciennes, 1835) Fig. 31 Body deep; greatest depth contained 3.6 to 6.9 times in SL; head length 3.2 to 4.5, adipose fin base length 10.7 to 14.4 and maxillary-barbel length 1.1 to 1.6 in SL; snout length 2.4 to 3.0, horizontal orbital diameter 13.8 to 17.9 and least interorbital width 1.9 to 2.5 in HL. Mouth terminal, dentigerous tooth plates in both premaxilla and dentary. Dorsal fin with 7, pectoral fin with I,7, pelvic fin with 6 and anal fin with 8-13 rays (Shibatta, 1999). Ground color pale yellow; dorsal and lateral surfaces of head completely grey; four dark-brown transverse bars on flank, one from occipital process to lateral line, one below dorsal fin, one below adipose fin and another on posterior portion of caudal peduncle and caudal-fin base. Dorsal fin with two darkbrown longitudinal bands, one past middle and another along base; anal fin with two dark-brown stripes, one at base, other past middle; caudal fin with dark-brown transverse bar on lobes not united with dark-brown transverse bar on posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Maximum standard length. 210.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Río de la Plata basin.
description: Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on pages 87-88, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395
description: {"references": ["Shibatta OA. Sistematica e evolucao da familia Pseudopimelodidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), com a revisao taxonomica do genero Pseudopimelodus. [PhD Thesis]. Sao Carlos, SP: Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos; 1999.", "Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}
A multi-wavelength study of the intracluster medium in the galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Ostapenko, Oleksandra
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Galaxy clusters consist of galaxies, dark matter, and extremely hot electron gas also known as intra-cluster medium (ICM). The ICM can influence galaxy evolution by interacting with the galaxy via ram pressure stripping or cutting off the gas supply of the galaxy. Shocks in the ICM can also give us some hints about the velocity of galaxy subclusters which in its turn tells us how the universe evolves on a large scale. We present a detailed study of the ICM in three galaxy clusters MS0451, Abell2744, and MACSJ1149 using data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), Bolocam, and Chandra telescope. Based on the X-ray data we identified the electron number density and predicted the expected amplitude of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) peak. The SZ effect occurs when the cosmic microwave background photons scatter on the high-energetic electrons of the medium. The amount of this scattering indicates how hot and dense the ICM is. The ALMA telescope provides a good spatial resolution to probe the properties of the ICM in more detail compared to the single-dish observatories. Our study highlights the need for additional ALMA observations using the 7-m and other arrays, or additional single-dish facilities to address further scientific questions related to the ICM in the cluster. Our study emphasizes the importance of multi-wavelength and high angular resolution observations to fully understand the gas content of galaxy clusters.
Rhyacoglanis paranensis Shibatta, Vari 2017
Creators: name: Ota, Renata Rúbia
name: Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho
name: Graça, Weferson Júnio da
name: Pavanelli, Carla Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopteri
Siluriformes
Pseudopimelodidae
Rhyacoglanis
Rhyacoglanis paranensis

description: Rhyacoglanis paranensis Shibatta, Vari, 2017 Fig. 31 Body deep; greatest depth contained 4.2 to 5.1 and caudal peduncle 9.6 to 10.6 times in SL; head length 2.9 to 3.2, anal-fin base length 7.6 to 9.9, adipose-fin base length 4.2 to 5.2 and maxillary-barbel length 3.2 to 4.6 in SL; snout length 2.4 to 2.9, horizontal orbital diameter 6.2 to 9.4 and least interobital width 3.1 to 3.3 in HL. Mouth terminal, tooth plates on maxilla and dentary. Dorsal fin with I,6, pectoral fin with I,6, pelvic fin with 6 rays and anal fin with 8 or 9 rays. Ground color pale yellow; dorsal and lateral surfaces of head grey, with light-beige blotch on cheek; four dark-brown transverse bars on flank, one from occipital process to lateral line, one below dorsal-fin, one below adipose fin and another on posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Dorsal fin dark-brown, with distal margin hyaline (occasionally, hyaline blotch on middle of last ray); pectoral and pelvic fins with one dark-brown stripe across middle; anal fin with two dark-brown stripes, one at base, other past middle; caudal fin with dark-brown transverse bar past middle, united with dark-brown transverse bar posterior portion of caudal peduncle and caudal-fin base by thin stripe along median caudal-fin rays, demarcating one rounded light-beige blotch on each caudal-fin lobe. Maximum standard length. 42.0 mm. Distribution. Upper rio Paraná basin. Remarks. Rhyacoglanis paranensis has been captured in the rio Iguatemi, right bank of the upper rio Paraná, since 2008 by V. F. B. Silva and collaborators. Shibatta, Vari (2017) described the new genus with a new species from the upper rio Paraná basin.
description: Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 88, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395
description: {"references": ["Shibatta AO, Vari RP. A new genus of Neotropical rheophilic catfishes, with four new species (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae). Neotrop Ichthyol [serial in the internet]. 2017 Jun 12 [cited 2018 Jan 15]; 15 (2): e 160132. Available from: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / 1982 - 0224 - 20160132."]}
ENVRI-FAIR D11.5: Final Report on Implementation activities in the Biodiversity and Ecosystem subdomain
Creators: name: Cervone, Luca
name: de Nart, Dario
name: Cudalbu, Cristian
name: Culurciello, Pierpaolo
name: Ferrighi, Lara
name: Fiore, Nicola
name: Gasner, Paul
name: García Rodríguez, J. M.
name: González-Aranda, Juan Miguel
name: Ignatiuk, Dariusz
name: L'Abate, Giovanni
name: Parisse, Barbara
name: Peterseil, Johannes
name: Pichot, Christian
name: Rosati, Ilaria
name: Sáenz-Albanés, Antonio Jose
name: Sánchez Cano, Francisco Manuel
name: Vaira, Lucia
name: Wohner, Christoph
name: Basset, Alberto
name: Kechagioglou, Xeni
name: Islam, Sharif
name: Chanzy, Andre
name: Papale, Dario
name: de Pascalis, Francesca
name: Denkmann, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ENVRI-FAIR
biodiversity
ecosystem
final report
subdomain
Research Infrastructures

description: This Deliverable provides an overview of the ongoing data FAIRness implementation within the Biodiversity and Ecosystem subdomain, also in relation to the overall ENVRI FAIR project developments. Considering the central role assumed by the WP5 Task Forces within the project, the current compliance of the subdomain RIs with Task Forces recommendations has been analysed, through a specific questionnaire administered to all subdomain RIs. Considering this survey results, single RI roadmaps are presented to fill the current gaps. A particular focus is finally reserved to the ongoing subdomain use cases, which are considered a key step in developing interoperability within the subdomain.