Conopeum ongleyi Gordon &amp; Sutherland &amp; Perez &amp; Waeschenbach &amp; Taylor &amp; Di Martino 2020, n. comb.
Creators: name: Gordon, Dennis P.
name: Sutherland, Judy E.
name: Perez, Brenda A.
name: Waeschenbach, Andrea
name: Taylor, Paul D.
name: Di Martino, Emanuela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Gymnolaemata
Cheilostomatida
Electridae
Conopeum
Conopeum ongleyi

description: <i>Conopeum ongleyi</i> (Brown, 1952) n. comb. (Figure 7) <i>Electra ongleyi</i> Brown, 1952: 47, fig. 8. <i>Villicharixa ongleyi</i>: Gordon et al. 2009: 289. <i>Material examined</i> Holotype: NHMUK D.36532, Petane, Hawke's Bay, Pleistocene; paratype: NHMUK D.32511, Waipukurau Gorge, Central Hawke's Bay, Pliocene. NIWA 132867, 41.2967° S, 175.4753° E, by stream confluence under ' Banana Bridge', White Rock Road, Wairarapa, Pleistocene, coll. D.P. Gordon 12 January 2017; NIWA 132868, 41.2975° S, 175.4753° E, up farm drive west of ' Banana Bridge', White Rock Road, Wairarapa, Pleistocene, coll. D.P. Gordon 22 February 201988017; NIWA 134507, 41.2973° S, 175.4754° E, up farm drive west of ' Banana Bridge', White Rock Road, Wairarapa, Pleistocene, coll. P.D. Taylor 22 February 2017. <i>Description</i> Colony encrusting, unilamellar, multiserial, up to ~ 15 mm maximum spread. Mature autozooids in zone of astogenetic repetition arranged quincuncially, subrectangular, tending to be a little wider midlength; distinct interzooidal furrow. Opesia elongateoval, surrounded by raised inwardly sloping cryptocyst (Figure 7 (a–e)) that is more or less of equal width throughout and higher than gymnocyst, its surface with conspicuous tubercular granules that are somewhat directed downwards from overhanging lower side of cryptocyst (Figure 7 (e)), lacking or almost completely so on vertical thin distal margin. Gymnocyst variable, ranging from narrow to little evident laterally and moderately long to very short proximally (Figure 7 (a–d)). Periopesial spine bases 15–20, the most distolateral pair largest (Figure 7 (c)). Kenozooids rare, usually formed at bifurcation of zooid row or in other locations where space inadequate to form autozooid; elongate with longitudinally narrow opesia, and cryptocyst as in autozooids. Interzooidal communications via small multiporous chambers low on lateral walls. Inner side of lateral walls weakly ridged (Figure 7 (e)). Distal transverse wall with a pair of ridges that descend to the zooid floor, creating three recesses (Figure 7 (d)); muscle insertions interpreted as occurring in lateral pair of recesses in life, with middle recess for communication pores. Ancestrula and early astogeny not seen. <i>Measurements</i> Paratype, NHMUK D.32511, Waipukurau Gorge, Central Hawke's Bay, Pliocene: <b>ZL</b> 494–667 (575) [<i>N</i> = 20]; <b>ZW</b> 229–400 (314) [<i>N</i> = 20]; <b>OpL</b> 303–384 (347) [<i>N</i> = 20]; <b>OpW</b> 130–214 (179) [<i>N</i> = 20]; <b>PCrL</b> 31–75 (53) [<i>N</i> = 20] <i>Remarks</i> Gordon et al. (2009) transferred the species from <i>Electra</i> Lamouroux, 1816 to <i>Villicharixa</i> Gordon, 1989. As has come to be appreciated from the work of Nikulina (2007, 2010), <i>Electra</i>, as circumscribed, was highly heterogeneous,not only morphologically but genetically, and what was one genus now comprises five genera. Inter alia, all morphologically coherent <i>Electra</i> species have a conspicuously pitted gymnocyst and a very narrow smooth cryptocyst. In <i>C. ongleyi</i> the gymnocyst is smooth and non-pitted and there is a fairly well-developed granular periopesial cryptocyst. Gordon et al. (2009) transferred <i>C. ongleyi</i> to <i>Villicharixa</i> not only because it clearly did not belong to <i>Electra</i> but also because of the many small spine bases along the lateral margins and the buttresses in the distal transverse wall. In the event, the species is better included in <i>Conopeum</i>; periopesial spines in <i>Villicharixa</i>, hair-like in life, are much more numerous, numbering up to 50, and the zooidal wall is constructed in a peculiar way that differs significantly from that in <i>C. ongleyi</i> – a continuous chamber runs under the length of each lateral wall, as well as proximally and distally. Numerous openings from the zooidal interior into this common chamber are separated by small vertical buttresses. A closely related species is an unnamed taxon from southern Australia illustrated by Bock (2009) and compared to <i>Conopeum tenuissimum</i> (Canu, 1908), a Pliocene Argentinian species. It resembles <i>C. ongleyi</i> in most respects but either completely lacks small marginal spines or has only 1–2 such spines.
description: Published as part of <i>Gordon, Dennis P., Sutherland, Judy E., Perez, Brenda A., Waeschenbach, Andrea, Taylor, Paul D. &amp; Di Martino, Emanuela, 2020, The bryozoan genus Conopeum (Electridae) in New Zealand, with description of a new species and discussion of the morphological and genetic characters of Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928), pp. 947-970 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 54 (15 - 16)</i> on pages 963-965, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1771452, http://zenodo.org/record/5020844
description: {"references": ["Brown DA. 1952. The Tertiary Cheilostomatous Polyzoa of New Zealand. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); p. xii + 405.", "Gordon DP, Taylor PD, Bigey FP. 2009. Phylum Bryozoa - moss animals, sea mats, lace corals. In: Gordon DP, editor. New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press; p. 271 - 297. 568 [+ 16] p.", "Lamouroux JVF. 1816. Histoire des Polypiers coralligenes flexibles, vulgairement nommes Zoophytes. Caen: F. Poisson; p. lxxxiv + 559 p., 19 pls.", "Gordon DP. 1989. New and little-known genera of cheilostome Bryozoa from New Zealand. J Nat Hist. 23: 1319 - 1339. doi: 10.1080 / 00222938900770701.", "Nikulina EA. 2007. Einhornia, a new genus for electrids formerly classified as the Electra crustulenta species group (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). Schr Naturwiss Schleswig-Holstein. 69: 29 - 40.", "Nikulina EA. 2010. Three new genera of Electridae (Bryozoa): Arbopercula, Osburnea, and Arbocuspis. Schr Naturwiss Schleswig-Holstein. 72: 25 - 28.", "Bock PE. 2009. Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu, 1908); [accessed 2019 Jan 11]. http: // bryozoa. net / cheilostomata / electridae / conopeum _ tenuissimum. html.", "Canu F. 1908. Iconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de l'Argentine. Annales Museo Nacional Buenos Aires. 10: 245 - 341, 13 pls."]}