cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The cosmic star formation rate evolution from z=5 to z=0 from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey
Creators: name: Tresse, L.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Zucca, E.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Arnouts, S.
name: Paltani, S.
name: Pozzetti, L.
name: Bottini, D.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Brun, V. Le
name: Fevre, O. Le
name: Maccagni, D.
name: Picat, J. -P.
name: Scaramella, R.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Vettolani, G.
name: Zanichelli, A.
name: Adami, C.
name: Arnaboldi, M.
name: Bolzonella, M.
name: Cappi, A.
name: Charlot, S.
name: Ciliegi, P.
name: Contini, T.
name: Foucaud, S.
name: Franzetti, P.
name: Gavignaud, I.
name: Guzzo, L.
name: Iovino, A.
name: McCracken, H. J.
name: Marano, B.
name: Marinoni, C.
name: Mazure, A.
name: Meneux, B.
name: Merighi, R.
name: Pello, R.
name: Pollo, A.
name: Radovich, M.
name: Bondi, M.
name: Bongiorno, A.
name: Busarello, G.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: Lamareille, F.
name: Mathez, G.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Merluzzi, P.
name: Ripepi, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the evolution of the comoving SFR density in the redshift range 0 < z < 5 using the first epoch data release of the VVDS, that is 11564 spectra selected at I_AB=24 over 2200 arcmin^2 in two fields of view, the VVDS-0226-04 and the VVDS-CDFS-0332-27, and the cosmological parameters (Omega_M, Omega_L, h)=(0.3, 0.7, 0.7). We study the multi-wavelength non dust-corrected luminosity densities at 0 < z < 2 from the rest-frame FUV to the optical passbands, and the rest-frame 1500A luminosity functions and densities at 2.7 < z < 5. They evolve from z=1.2 to 0.05 according to (1+z)^{x} with x = 2.05, 1.94, 1.92, 1.14, 0.73, 0.42, 0.30 in the FUV-1500, NUV-2800, U-3600, B-4400, V-5500, R-6500, and I-7900 passbands, respectively. From z = 1.2 to 0.2 the B-band density for the irregular-like galaxies decreases markedly by a factor 3.5 while it increases by a factor 1.7 for the elliptical-like galaxies. We identify several SFR periods; from z = 5 to 3.4 the FUV-band density increases by at most 0.5dex, from z=3.4 to 1.2 it decreases by 0.08dex, from z=1.2 to 0.05 it declines steadily by 0.6dex. For the most luminous M_AB(1500) < -21 galaxies the FUV-band density drops by 2dex from z = 3.9 to 1.2, and for the intermediate -21 < M_AB(1500) < -20 galaxies it drops by 2dex from z = 0.2 to 0. Comparing with dust corrected surveys, at 0.4 < z < 2 the FUV seems obscured by a constant factor of ~1.8-2 mag, while at z < 0.5 it seems progressively less obscured by up to ~0.9-1 mag when the dust-deficient early-type population is increasingly dominating the B-band density. The VVDS results agree with a downsizing picture where the most luminous sources cease to efficiently produce new stars 12 Gyrs ago (at z~4), while intermediate luminosity sources keep producing stars until 2.5 Gyrs ago (at z~0.2).(abridged)
description: Accepted A&A, April 26, 2007, 18 pages, 12 figures. Final version corrected for Langage Editing and for the Replacement of the caption of Fig 12
Effects of Monetary and Fiscal Policy on U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Kitchen, John
name: Langley, Suchada
name: Monaco, Ralph
name: Price, J. Michael
name: Kitchen, John
name: Langley, Suchada
name: Monaco, Ralph
name: Price, J. Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Financial Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: General economic conditions heavily influence the well-being of U.S. agriculture. U.S, and world interest rates, inflation, national income, and exchange rates are linked to U.S. agricultural prices and production levels and farm sector financial conditions. Characteristics specific to the farm sector, such as highly flexible commodity prices and large initial production costs, make agriculture especially sensitive to general economic changes. Although monetary and fiscal policies are typically decided and evaluated with general economic performance in mind, these policies can have unintended effects on the farm sector. The outlook for the next several years is for faster growth in the money supply and a lower Federal budget deficit, a situation that would benefit U.S. agriculture.
Evaluating the Constructionist Approach in Entrepreneurship Education
Creators: name: Löbler, H.
name: Maier, M.
name: Markgraf, D.
Publisher: name: The School of Education and Communities, University of East London
Year: 2019

description: In trying to apply a ‘new’ approach in education, we used Löbler’s (2006) ten principles for entrepreneurship education. After two years of fine-tuning and improving the programme, we were interested in evaluating it and comparing it to other learning approaches mentioned in the literature and used in practice. The goal is twofold: Firstly, we wanted to find out whether the ‘constructionist’ learning environment does support autonomy in thinking and doing. Secondly, we were interested in figuring out if the students learned more and kept working harder while being more motivated on their projects compared to the other learning environments. The results show that this kind of ‘constructionist’ coursework is superior with regard to many criteria and preferred by the students compared to the other learning approaches. The students also reported that they worked with much more enthusiasm and delight. Our analysis shows that the ten principles are working in practice and could be an advantage for students and teachers.
Multiplication of solutions for linear overdetermined systems of partial differential equations
Creators: name: Jonasson, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35F05; 35N10; 58J99

description: A large family of linear, usually overdetermined, systems of partial differential equations that admit a multiplication of solutions, i.e, a bi-linear and commutative mapping on the solution space, is studied. This family of PDE's contains the Cauchy-Riemann equations and the cofactor pair systems, included as special cases. The multiplication provides a method for generating, in a pure algebraic way, large classes of non-trivial solutions that can be constructed by forming convergent power series of trivial solutions.
description: 27 pages
Signature of electromagnetic quantum fluctuations in exciton physics
Creators: name: Combescot, Monique
name: Dubin, François
name: Shiau, Shiue-Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are known to produce the atomic Lamb shift. We here reveal their iconic signature in semiconductor physics, through the blue-shift they produce to optically bright excitons, thus lifting the energy of these excitons above their dark counterparts. The electromagnetic field here acts in its full complexity: in addition to the longitudinal part via interband \textit{virtual Coulomb} processes, the transverse part -- which has been missed up to now -- also acts via resonant and nonresonant \textit{virtual photons}. These two parts beautifully combine to produce a bright exciton blue-shift independent of the exciton wave-vector direction. Our work readily leads to a striking prediction: long-lived excitons must have a small bright-dark splitting. Although the analogy between exciton and hydrogen atom could lead us to see the bright exciton shift as a Lamb shift, this is not fully so: the atom shift entirely comes from virtual photons, whereas the Coulomb interaction also contributes to the exciton shift through the so-called "electron-hole exchange".
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Lamprea de arroyo – Lampetra planeri (Bloch, 1784)
Creators: name: Salvador Milla, Alfredo
Publisher: name: CSIC - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN)
Year: 2017

description: Peces - Orden Petromyzontiformes - Familia Petromyzontidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 9-01-2003; 22-11-2006; 23-12-2010; 3-10-2011
description: A comprehensive review of the natural history of the brook lamprey Lampetra planeri in Spain.
Additional file 2 of The effects of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation on lung function and complications in cardiac surgery patients: a pilot study
Creators: name: Wu, Meng-Fang
name: Wang, Tsai-Yu
name: Chen, Da-Shen
name: Hsiao, Hsiu-Fong
name: Hu, Han-Chuang
name: Chung, Fu-Tsai
name: Lin, Ting-Yu
name: Lin, Shu-Min
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Supplement Table 2: Comparison of the incidence of post-operative complications between the two groups.
Accurate Ritz wavelengths of parity-forbidden [Fe II], [Ti II] and [Cr II] infrared lines of astrophysical interest
Creators: name: Aldenius, M.
name: Johansson, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With new astronomical infrared spectrographs the demands of accurate atomic data in the infrared have increased. In this region there is a large amount of parity-forbidden lines, which are of importance in diagnostics of low-density astrophysical plasmas. We present improved, experimentally determined, energy levels for the lowest even LS terms of Fe II, Ti II and Cr II, along with accurate Ritz wavelengths for parity-forbidden transitions between and within these terms. Spectra of Fe II, Ti II and Cr II have been produced in a hollow cathode discharge lamp and acquired using high-resolution Fourier Transform (FT) spectrometry. The energy levels have been determined by using observed allowed ultraviolet transitions connecting the even terms with upper odd terms. Ritz wavelengths of parity-forbidden lines have then been determined. Energy levels of the four lowest Fe II terms (a$^{6}$D, a$^{4}$F, a$^{4}$D and a$^{4}$P) have been determined, resulting in 97 different parity-forbidden transitions with wavelengths between 0.74 and 87 micron. For Ti II the energy levels of the two lowest terms (a$^{4}$F and b$^{4}$F) have been determined, resulting in 24 different parity-forbidden transitions with wavelengths between 8.9 and 130 micron. Also for Cr II the energy levels of the two lowest terms (a$^{6}$S and a$^{6}$D) have been determined, in this case resulting in 12 different parity-forbidden transitions with wavelengths between 0.80 and 140 micron.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 13 pages, 6 figures, 9 tables
Capacitor Type Thin-Film Heat Flow Switching Device
Creators: name: Hirata, Keisuke
name: Matsunaga, Takuya
name: Singh, Saurabh
name: Matsunami, Masaharu
name: Takeuchi, Tsunehiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed a capacitor type heat flow switching device, in which electron thermal conductivity of the electrodes is actively controlled through the carrier concentration varied by an applied bias voltage. The devices consist of an amorphous p-type Si-Ge-Au alloy layer, an amorphous SiO$_2$ as the dielectric layer, and a n-type Si substrate. Both amorphous materials are characterized by very low lattice thermal conductivity, less than 1 Wm-1K-1. The Si-Ge-Au amorphous layer with 40 nm in thickness was deposited by means of molecular beam deposition technique on the 100 nm thick SiO$_2$ layer formed at the top surface of Si substrate. Bias voltage-dependent thermal conductivity and heat flow density of the fabricated device were evaluated by a time-domain thermoreflectance method at room temperature. Consequently, we observed a 55 percent increase in thermal conductivity.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures
R-matrices for integrable $SU(2)\times U(1)$-symmetric S=1/2 spin-orbital chains
Creators: name: Bibikov, P. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Yang-Baxter equation for a $SU(2)\times U(1)$-symmetric $S=1/2$ spin-orbital chain was solved using the special computer algorithm developed by the author. The 8 new $R$-matrices separated on 5 groups are presented. Among the obtained integrable models there are special cases related to 1D ferromagnet ${\rm TDAE-C}_{60}$, 1D superconductors ${\rm AC}_{60}$ (A=K, Cs, Rb), the quarter filled ladder compound ${\rm NaV}_2{\rm O}_5$ and the model of correlated electrons on a chain of Berry phase molecules.
description: 10 pages
Piscardo – Phoxinus bigerri Kottelat, 2007
Creators: name: Leunda, Pedro M.
name: Miranda, Rafael
name: Oscoz, Javier
name: Salvador Milla, Alfredo
Publisher: name: CSIC - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN)
Year: 2017

description: Peces - Orden Cypriniformes - Familia Cyprinidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 26-05-2010
description: A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Pyrenean minnow Phoxinus bigerri in Spain.
title: Structural and chemical investigation of three biosynthetic enzymes
Creators: name: Ge, Ying
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modiﬁed peptides (RiPPs) are a burgeoning family of natural products with desirable bioactivities. The cyanobactin class of RiPPs have demonstrated anticancer, anti-microbial activities and more, and have therefore attracted research attentions. Cyanobactins are synthesised as a precursor peptide (PatE homologues) containing recognition sequences and core peptides (sequences that become the ﬁnal products), the latter of which undergo various modiﬁcations including heterocyclization, prenylation, oxidation and macrocyclization. The posttranslational modiﬁcation enzymes (PTMEs) utilised to modify the cyanobactin precursor have demonstrated magniﬁcent versatilities that are potentially exploitable for the creation of libraries of natural and unnatural compounds. The structure and function of each of these enzymes are reviewed in Chapter 1, along with the current application of the cyanobactin biosynthetic pathway. Chapter 2 describes my work on creating and characterising modiﬁed heterocyclases. The leader peptide was appended to heterocyclases that produce both thiazolines and (methyl)oxazolines. The modiﬁed catalysts are not only capable of utilising leaderless peptides, but also have higher yields than the native enzyme. The next chapter investigates the reaction order of heterocyclase enzymes. The leader peptide was found to be partially responsible for the reaction order. In Chapter 4 the same investigation was applied to the oxidase, which aromatises and stabilises the heterocycles. The oxidase reaction was determined to be independent of the leader. Chapter 5 delves into the phosphate chemistry of the heterocyclase, which uses ATP/Mg²⁺ via a kinase mechanism, but subsequently catalyses additional reactions that yield AMP and PPᵢ. Finally, Chapter 6 describes the structural characterisation of Psychrobacter arcticus ATP phosphoribosyltransferase (ATPPRT), which is the ﬁrst dedicated enzyme in histidine biosynthesis, and provides a key regulatory point for this pathway.
Popular sectarianism in the Ming : Lo Chʻing and his "religion of non-action"
Creators: name: Nadeau, Randall Laird
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: "Popular Sectarianism in the Minq: Lo Ch'ing and his 'Religion of Non-Action'" is a study of Lo Ch'ing (1442-1527), a lay religious reformer of Ming Dynasty China, the scriptures he composed and the Lo chiao tradition. Chapter I utilizes historical materials (official records, accounts of observors, and memorials to the throne) and sectarian documents (sectarian hagiographies and Lo's own autobiography) to formulate a biography of Lo Ch'ing. Chapter II analyzes Lo's religious thought, based on translated passages from his scriptures, entitled Wu-pu liu-ts 'e (Five Books in Six Volumes) , in the context of the history of Chinese religions and the canonical scriptures of Buddhism, Taoism and the Literati (Confucian) tradition. Chapter III traces the history of Lo sects from the Ming Dynasty to the present, from historical documents, sectarian accounts, and interviews with contemporary Lo sectarians conducted in Taiwan. Chapter IV examines Lo's sources and his use of Chinese written and oral traditions, with comparisons to popular religious literature of early modern Europe. Chapter V evaluates Lo Ch'ing's social role as a "cultural mediator" of conceptions and values between elite and popular levels of Chinese society, incorporating recent studies of similar figures in both Chinese and European history. The Appendices include summaries of the one hundred three chapters constituting the Wu- pu liu-ts'e, an annotated catalogue of Lo's sources, and a bibliography of reference works, primary sources, and secondary studies in Chinese, Japanese, and Western languages. The thesis is presented as a contribution to the fields of Chinese popular religion, sectarianism, and social history. It addresses methodological issues concerning the interaction of elite and popular culture, the study and interpretation of popular religious texts, the analysis of charismatic religious personalities, and the transmission of religious conceptions and values. The principle methodological conclusion of the thesis is that religious figures at a lower and middle level of society can be both creative thinkers and active agents of the transmission of values and conceptions throughout society and history. Much of the translated material in the dissertationis made available to Western-language readers for the first time, and the analysis of the material is based upon secondary studies in Chinese, Japanese, and English. It is hoped that this study will inspire further scholarship on Chinese popular religion as well as Lo Ch'ing and his Religion of Non-Action.
Are Crop Yield Gaps Narrowing Across Countries? A Study Based on Exploratory Econometric Analysis
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata
name: Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Crop yield
subject: sigma convergence
subject: club convergence
subject: dynamics of distribution
subject: Markov transition dynamics

description: This study investigates the convergence hypothesis in crop yield of three major kinds of cereal in the world in terms of output production and cereal grain consumption namely rice, wheat and maize during the period 1961 to 2016 across the countries using the conventional analysis of convergence based on modern time series analysis. This has been done first by applying the conventional indicator namely standard deviation. This conventional sigma convergence indicator shows an absence of convergence for all the three crops showing a upward or no trend, thus the paper finds that rice and wheat yield gaps remain on average constant during years, and the maize yield gaps tend to increase. The paper also analyzes the anatomy of those patterns obtained in terms of the evolution of crop yield distribution and club convergence using Markov transition dynamics.
Magneto-vortical Effect in Strong Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Lin, Shu
name: Yang, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop covariant chiral kinetic theory with Landau level basis. We use it to investigate a magnetized plasma with a transverse electric field and a steady vorticity as perturbations. After taking into account vacuum shift in the latter case, we find the resulting current and stress tensor in both cases can be matched consistently with constitutive equations of magnetohydrodynamics. We find the solution in the vorticity case contains both shifts in temperature and chemical potential as well as excitations of the lowest Landau level states. The solution gives rise to an vector charge density and axial current density. The vacuum parts coming from both shifts and excitations agree with previous studies and the medium parts coming entirely from excitations leads to a new contribution to vector charge and axial current density consistent with standard chiral vortical effect.
description: 29 pages, no figures
Challenges in Designing U.S. Farm Policy
Creators: name: Lipton, Kathryn L.
name: Lipton, Kathryn L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Excerpt from the report: The U.S. farm sector has been continually adjusting to new and changing conditions since the 1930's. Federal policies and programs have been advanced over the years to deal with problems in the sector caused by these conditions. But, Federal policies and programs have not solved the problems of the 1980's: reduced exports, crop surpluses, and farm financial stress. The 1985 Food Security Act, based on a complicated, half-century old network of former and existing legislation, moves the U.S. farm sector closer to being more responsive to domestic and foreign markets. However, the programs under the act are costly and continue to distort economic signals to farmers, thereby affecting resource use patterns. This bulletin, describes changes in the farm sector, the current situation, and their implications for policymaking.
Microbreweries and the New Class 8 Farm Brewery License
Creators: name: Suri, Mayhah
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: farm brewery
brewery
beer
farm beer
agricultural law
law
alcohol laws
federal law

description: Microbreweries and craft beers are a growing trend
nationwide. In order to encourage more development in this growing industry, the state of Maryland
has created a few new liquor licenses that make small-scale brewing easier.  One of these is the Class 8 Farm Brewery License. This license is just for farmers and is especially useful because it allows for on-site consumption of the beer, not just sale. Any farmer with a Class 8 farm brewery license may
also sell and deliver beer from the farm brewery to a wholesale company or directly to an individual consumer.  The license has an annual fee of $200
and the license application can be found online here. In addition to the requirements of this license, you will also need to comply with Federal regulations, and perhaps additional county or district laws depending on where the brewery will be located.
description: Maryland's Best and Beginning Farmer Success
Floating block method for quantum Monte Carlo simulations
Creators: name: Sarkar, Avik
name: Lee, Dean
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Monte Carlo simulations are powerful and versatile tools for the quantum many-body problem. In addition to the usual calculations of energies and eigenstate observables, quantum Monte Carlo simulations can in principle be used to build fast and accurate many-body emulators using eigenvector continuation or design time-dependent Hamiltonians for adiabatic quantum computing. These new applications require something that is missing from the published literature, an efficient quantum Monte Carlo scheme for computing the inner product of ground state eigenvectors corresponding to different Hamiltonians. In this work, we introduce an algorithm called the floating block method, which solves the problem by performing Euclidean time evolution with two different Hamiltonians and interleaving the corresponding time blocks. We use the floating block method and nuclear lattice simulations to build eigenvector continuation emulators for energies of $^4$He, $^8$Be, $^{12}$C, and $^{16}$O nuclei over a range of local and non-local interaction couplings. From the emulator data, we identify the quantum phase transition line from a Bose gas of alpha particles to a nuclear liquid.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures + 4 pages, 1 figure (supplemental materials). Figures showing the quantum phase transition between a Bose gas of alpha particles and nuclear liquid have been improved
Fast unfolding of communities in large networks
Creators: name: Blondel, Vincent D.
name: Guillaume, Jean-Loup
name: Lambiotte, Renaud
name: Lefebvre, Etienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a simple method to extract the community structure of large networks. Our method is a heuristic method that is based on modularity optimization. It is shown to outperform all other known community detection method in terms of computation time. Moreover, the quality of the communities detected is very good, as measured by the so-called modularity. This is shown first by identifying language communities in a Belgian mobile phone network of 2.6 million customers and by analyzing a web graph of 118 million nodes and more than one billion links. The accuracy of our algorithm is also verified on ad-hoc modular networks. .
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; new version with new figures in order to clarify our method, where we look more carefully at the role played by the ordering of the nodes and where we compare our method with that of Wakita and Tsurumi
UM-CAM: Uncertainty-weighted Multi-resolution Class Activation Maps for Weakly-supervised Fetal Brain Segmentation
Creators: name: Fu, Jia
name: Lu, Tao
name: Zhang, Shaoting
name: Wang, Guotai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate segmentation of the fetal brain from Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) is important for prenatal assessment of fetal development. Although deep learning has shown the potential to achieve this task, it requires a large fine annotated dataset that is difficult to collect. To address this issue, weakly-supervised segmentation methods with image-level labels have gained attention, which are commonly based on class activation maps from a classification network trained with image tags. However, most of these methods suffer from incomplete activation regions, due to the low-resolution localization without detailed boundary cues. To this end, we propose a novel weakly-supervised method with image-level labels based on semantic features and context information exploration. We first propose an Uncertainty-weighted Multi-resolution Class Activation Map (UM-CAM) to generate high-quality pixel-level supervision. Then, we design a Geodesic distance-based Seed Expansion (GSE) method to provide context information for rectifying the ambiguous boundaries of UM-CAM. Extensive experiments on a fetal brain dataset show that our UM-CAM can provide more accurate activation regions with fewer false positive regions than existing CAM variants, and our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art weakly-supervised methods with image-level labels.
Detection of Highly Ionized Metal Absorption Lines in the Ultracompact X-ray Dipper 4U 1916-05
Creators: name: Juett, Adrienne M.
name: Chakrabarty, Deepto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the high-resolution Chandra X-ray Observatory persistent (non-dip) spectrum of 4U 1916-05 which revealed narrow absorption lines from hydrogenic neon, magnesium, silicon, and sulfur, in addition to the previous identified hydrogenic and helium-like iron absorption lines. This makes 4U 1916-05 only the second of the classical X-ray dipper systems to show narrow absorption lines from elements other than iron. We propose two possible explanations for the small measured line widths (>~ 500-2000 km s^{-1}), compared to the expected Keplerian velocities (> 1000 km s^{-1}) of the accretion disk in this 50-min orbital period system, and lack of wavelength shifts (>~ 250 km s^{-1}). First, the ionized absorber may be stationary. Alternatively, the line properties may measure the relative size of the emission region. From this hypothesis, we find that the emission region is constrained to be >~ 0.25 times the radial extent of the absorber. Our results also imply that the ionized absorber spans a range of ionization parameters.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
LoTSS jellyfish galaxies: II. Ram pressure stripping in groups versus clusters
Creators: name: Roberts, I. D.
name: van Weeren, R. J.
name: McGee, S. L.
name: Botteon, A.
name: Ignesti, A.
name: Rottgering, H. J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerous examples of ram pressure stripping in galaxy clusters are present in literature; however, substantially less work has been focused on ram pressure stripping in lower mass groups. In this work we use the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) to search for jellyfish galaxies in ~500 SDSS groups (z<0.05), making this the most comprehensive search for ram pressure stripping in groups to date. We identify 60 jellyfish galaxies in groups with extended, asymmetric radio continuum tails, which are found across the entire range of group mass from $10^{12.5} < M_\mathrm{group} < 10^{14}\,h^{-1}\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$. We compare the group jellyfish galaxies identified in this work with the LoTSS jellyfish galaxies in clusters presented in Roberts et al. (2021), allowing us to compare the effects of ram pressure stripping across three decades in group/cluster mass. We find that jellyfish galaxies are most commonly found in clusters, with the frequency decreasing towards the lowest mass groups. Both the orientation of observed radio continuum tails, and the positions of group jellyfish galaxies in phase space, suggest that galaxies are stripped more slowly in groups relative to clusters. Finally, we find that the star formation rates of jellyfish galaxies in groups are consistent with `normal' star-forming group galaxies, which is in contrast to cluster jellyfish galaxies that have clearly enhanced star formation rates. On the whole, there is clear evidence for ongoing ram pressure stripping in galaxy groups (down to very low group masses), though the frequency of jellyfish galaxies and the strength of ram pressure stripping appears smaller in groups than clusters. Differences in the efficiency of ram pressure stripping in groups versus clusters likely contributes to the positive trend between quenched fraction and host halo mass observed in the local Universe.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 appendix, accepted for publication in A&A
Exploring and Understanding Pupils’ Lack of Perseverance and Autonomy With Debugging in Computing
Creators: name: Uppal, Gurmit
Publisher: name: The School of Education and Communities, University of East London
Year: 2020

description: The National Curriculum for Computing in England expects that primary-school-aged pupils (5- to 11-year-olds) will be able to correct programming errors in age-appropriate contexts (DfE) 2013). This correction of errors in computing is known as debugging. Utilising a broadly autoethnographic approach, this paper draws upon the writer’s positionality as a computing teacher in primary school and as a teacher educator in a university-based setting. Reflecting upon experiences of teaching computing (specifically debugging) to primary school pupils, the paper goes on to outline and explore potential reasons for pupils’ lack of perseverance and autonomy when engaged with debugging activities. Ideas around learnt helplessness and cognitive load theory are analysed as potential barriers to pupils’ progress when it comes to debugging. The reflective process concludes with suggestions to further develop pupils’ independence with debugging activities, as well as considering the importance of teacher educators’ own practice-based experiences to share with new teachers.
Nonlocal phase modulation of multimode, continuous-variable twin beams
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhifan
name: de Araujo, Luıs E. E.
name: DiMario, Matt
name: Anderson, B. E.
name: Zhao, Jie
name: Jones, Kevin M.
name: Lett, Paul D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate experimentally the nonlocal phase modulation of multiple-frequency-mode, continuous-variable entangled twin beams. We use a pair of electro-optical phase modulators to modulate the entangled probe and conjugate light beams produced by four-wave mixing in hot Rb vapor. A single phase modulator in either one of the twin beams reduces the two-mode squeezing signal, and we find that the modulations interfere nonlocally to modify the beam correlations. The nonlocal modulation of the beams can produce quantum correlations among frequency modes of the multimode fields.
Additional file 1 of Community knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding malaria and its control in Jabi Tehnan district, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia
Creators: name: Asale, Abebe
name: Abro, Zewdu
name: Enchalew, Bayu
name: Teshager, Alayu
name: Belay, Aklilu
name: Kassie, Menale
name: Mutero, Clifford Maina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Plate S1. Intact bed net is being used for unintended purpose such as transporting bag for crops from field to home (Photo courtesy: Abebe Asale).
Is the Attainment Gap Fundamentally Flawed? Challenges and Opportunities
Creators: name: Ahmed, F.
Publisher: name: The School of Education and Communities, University of East London
Year: 2020

description: Inequality of outcome has become one of the most pressing issues in education. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the performance of disadvantaged students. However, despite increased support, no school in England or Wales has managed to consistently close the attainment gap between disadvantaged students and their peers. This raises many questions, none more important than: is there an error in how we measure the performance of disadvantaged students? Furthermore, what are the implications of such a potential error? This paper argues that the attainment gap as it is currently calculated is ineffective in identifying the locus of underperformance, the specific needs of disadvantaged students and the support needed to improve outcomes. Finally, this paper attempts to address this by discussing a pilot project focused on identifying and addressing disadvantaged students’ needs and the challenges and opportunities this raises.
Stability Properties of Magnetic Tower Jets
Creators: name: Nakamura, Masanori
name: Li, Hui
name: Li, Shengtai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stability properties of ``magnetic tower'' jets propagating in the gravitationally stratified background have been examined by performing three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The current-carrying, Poynting flux-dominated magnetic tower jet, which possesses a highly wound helical magnetic field, is subject to the current-driven instability (CDI). We find that, under general physical conditions including small perturbations in the initial background profiles, the propagating magnetic tower jets develop the non-axisymmetric, $m=1$ kink mode of the CDI. The kink mode grows on the local Alfvén crossing time scale. In addition, two types of kink modes appear in the system. At the central region where external thermal pressure confinement is strong, only the internal kink mode is excited and will grow. A large distance away from the central region where the external thermal pressure becomes low, the external kink mode is observed. As a result, the exterior of magnetic tower jets will be deformed into a large-scale wiggled structure. We also discuss extensively the different physical processes that contribute to the overall stability properties of the magnetic tower jets. Specifically, when the jet propagates in an initially unperturbed background, we find that they can survive the kink mode beyond the point predicted by the well-known Kruskal-Shafranov (K-S) criterion. The stabilization in this case comes mainly from the dynamical relaxation of magnetic twists during the propagation of magnetic towers; the magnetic pitch is reduced and the corresponding K-S critical wavelength becomes longer as the tower jet proceeds. Furthermore, we show that the pressure-driven and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities do not occur in the magnetic tower jets.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ
Additional file 2 of Community knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding malaria and its control in Jabi Tehnan district, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia
Creators: name: Asale, Abebe
name: Abro, Zewdu
name: Enchalew, Bayu
name: Teshager, Alayu
name: Belay, Aklilu
name: Kassie, Menale
name: Mutero, Clifford Maina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Plate S2. Intact bed net is being used for unintended purpose such as bag for animal feed or hay near home (Photo courtesy: Abebe Asale).
Controllable magnetic domains in twisted trilayer magnets
Creators: name: Kim, Kyoung-Min
name: Park, Moon Jip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of moiré patterns to manipulate two-dimensional materials has facilitated new possibilities for controlling material properties. The moiré patterns in the two-dimensional magnets can cause peculiar spin texture, as shown by previous studies focused on twisted bilayer systems. In our study, we develop a theoretical model to investigate the magnetic structure of twisted trilayer magnets. Unlike the twisted bilayer, the twisted trilayer magnet has four different local stacking structures distinguished by the interlayer couplings between the three layers. Our results show that the complex interlayer coupling effects in the moiré superlattice can lead to the stabilization of rich magnetic domain structures; these structures can be significantly manipulated by adjusting the twist angle. Additionally, external magnetic fields can easily manipulate these domain structures, indicating potential applications in spintronics devices.
The Revolutionary Political Tussle Of Colonial India: An Epitome Of Buxa Detention Camp
Creators: name: Subhamay Dutta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The revolutionary movement had links to Bengal and the national political system. The Indianfreedom struggle became a mass movement in 1915, after the joining of M.K Gandhi. At the same time,militant nationalist forces regained their old form. Bengal politics was quite advanced and opposed Gandhi’sobjectives. The Bengal revolutionaries questioned Gandhi’s views. The organisation of the Bengal CongressCommittee was divided into many fragmented. Furthermore, the Bengal province played an important part inultranationalist politics. The British government passed the Bengal Criminal Law Amendment Act in 1930.Many detention camps were created quickly, including three in Bengal (Buxa, Hijli, and Berhampur) and theDeoli detention camp in Rajasthan. However, the Buxa detention camp’s detainees played a significant rolein the aspect of political basis. The Buxa detention camp was included as a special episode of Bengal politicsin these extracts. The provincial congress committee election and Calcutta municipal corporation electionwere a historical dimension of congress and revolutionary politics.
Rainich theory for type D aligned Einstein-Maxwell solutions
Creators: name: Ferrando, Joan Josep
name: Sáez, Juan Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The original Rainich theory for the non-null Einstein-Maxwell solutions consists of a set of algebraic conditions and the Rainich (differential) equation. We show here that the subclass of type D aligned solutions can be characterized just by algebraic restrictions.
description: 12 pages; v2: appendix with notation
Wilson Loops as D3-Branes
Creators: name: Gomis, Jaume
name: Passerini, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that the half-BPS Wilson loop operator of N=4 SYM in a symmetric representation of the gauge group has a bulk gravitational description in terms of a single D3-brane in AdS_5xS^5, as argued in hep-th/0604007. We also show that a half-BPS Wilson loop operator in an arbitrary representation is described by the D3-brane configuration proposed in hep-th/0604007. This is demonstrated by explicitly integrating out the degrees of freedom on the D3-branes and showing that they insert a half-BPS Wilson loop operator into the N=4 SYM path integral in the desired representation.
description: 14 pages, harvmac
Anatomy of the dense QCD matter from canonical sectors
Creators: name: Kashiwa, Kouji
name: Kouno, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nuclear and the quark matter at finite real chemical potential ($μ_\mathrm{R}$) and low temperature from the viewpoint of the canonical sectors constructed via the imaginary chemical potential region. Based on the large $N_\mathrm{c}$ estimation, where $N_\mathrm{c}$ is the number of color, we can discuss the confinement-deconfinement nature at finite $μ_\mathrm{R}$ from the canonical sectors. We found the expectation that the sharp change of canonical sectors at $μ_\mathrm{R} \sim M_\mathrm{B}/N_\mathrm{c}$, where $M_\mathrm{B}$ is the lowest baryon mass, is happen in the large $N_\mathrm{c}$ regime, and it is matched with the quarkyonic picture. In addition, we discussed the color superconductivity and the chiral properties from the structure of canonical sectors. Even in the present anatomy from the canonical sectors, we can have the suitable picture for the dense QCD matter.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
The traditions continue : leadership choices at Maritime Liberal and Conservative Party conventions
Creators: name: Stewart, David Kenney
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: That leaders are important in Canadian party politics is almost axiomatic: they are the prime electoral resource, the ultimate policy authority and the focus of media attention. Yet little is known of what divides provincial parties when they choose a new master. The politics of provincial leadership conventions lie in uncharted waters. This thesis focuses on provincial parties, exploring support patterns at Maritime leadership conventions. The study draws primarily on data provided by unpublished surveys of delegates to Liberal and Progressive Conservative leadership conventions in the three Maritime provinces. These nine conventions took place between 1971 and 1986 and the delegate survey responses report the behaviour and attitudes of over 3100 party activists. The analysis develops provincial, partisan and secular comparisons. A framework for analysing delegate support patterns is derived from the literature on national conventions and Maritime politics. Application of this framework to the nine conventions reveals a recurring theme. Candidate support is best understood in a 'friends and neighbours' framework. Friends and neighbours refers first, to a non-factional geographic pattern of support. Simply put, delegates tend to support the local candidate, a neighbour. The second element of friends and neighbours support relates to ethno-religious ties. Candidates receive disproportionate support from delegates who are 'friends' in terms of shared religious or ethnic background. Friends and neighbours divisions were more important than attitude, age, gender or differences in social status: they were present throughout the period in each province and both parties. The importance of place and religion/ethnicity provide empirical evidence of Maritime traditionalism. The support patterns would be well understood by 19th century politicians and show no sign of dissipating. Attempts to link these patterns to age or level of education were unsuccessful. Virtually all delegates were influenced by the ties of 'friendship' or 'neighbourhood'. The major exceptions were ex officio delegates. These party professionals acting in a brokerage role were relatively immune from the friends and neighbours pull. By mitigating such divisions, ex officio delegates made substantial contributions to party unity. This thesis reveals a coherent and consistent pattern of intra party divisions in the region. It confirms the strength of traditionalism in the Maritimes and highlights an important manifestation of this traditionalism: ethno religious solidarity undercut by localism and mitigated by brokerage politics. Such findings are in sharp contrast to assertions that Maritime politics is changing.
Samaruc – Valencia hispanica (Valenciennes in Cuvier y Valenciennes, 1846)
Creators: name: Caiola, Nuno
name: Salvador Milla, Alfredo
Publisher: name: Salvador Milla, Alfredo
Year: 2017

description: Peces - Orden Cyprinodontiformes - Familia Valenciidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 24-03-2011
description: A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Valencia toothcarp Valencia hispanica in Spain.
Bulk-preventing actions for SU(N) gauge theories
Creators: name: Rindlisbacher, Tobias
name: Rummukainen, Kari
name: Salami, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lattice gauge field theories may suffer from unphysical "bulk" phase transitions at strong lattice gauge coupling. We introduce a one-parameter family of lattice SU(N) gauge actions which, when used in combination with an HMC update algorithm, prevents the appearance of the bulk phase transition. We briefly discuss the (presumed) mechanism behind the prevention of the bulk transition and present test results for different SU(N) gauge groups.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, contains a refined discussion of the working principle of bulk-prevention in SU(N) gauge theories and a new appendix on the relation between bulk configurations and magnetic monopoles