cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Intra-Organizational Computation and Complexity
Creators: name: Carley, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Organizations are complex systems. They are also information processing systems comprised of a large number of agents such as human beings. Combining these perspectives and recognizing the essential non-linear dynamics that are at work leads to the standard non-linear multi-agent system conclusions such as: history matters, organizational behavior and form is path dependent, complex behavior emerges from individual interaction, and change is inevitable. Such a view while descriptive, is still far from the level of specificity and predictive richness that is necessary for organizational theory. To increase the specificity and value of our theories we will need to take into account more of the actual attributes of tasks, resources, knowledge and human cognition. In doing so, it will be possible to achieve a more adequate description of organizations as complex computational systems. More importantly, we will also achieve a greater ability to theorize about the complexity of organizational behavior. This paper describes complexity theory and computational organization theory. Then a description of organizations as complex computational systems is presented and operationalized as a computational model. Within this perspective, organizational behavior results form the actions of heterogeneous actors, the boundaries between agents, tasks, and resources are permeable, organizational roles emerge, organizational groups are networks, and information technology plays a key role as an interactive agents.
Speckle correction in polychromatic light with the self-coherent camera for the direct detection of exoplanets
Creators: name: Mazoyer, Johan
name: Galicher, Raphaël
name: Baudoz, Pierre
name: Rousset, Gérard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct detection is a very promising field in exoplanet science. It allows the detection of companions with large separation and allows their spectral analysis. A few planets have already been detected and are under spectral analysis. But the full spectral characterization of smaller and colder planets requires higher contrast levels over large spectral bandwidths. Coronagraphs can be used to reach these contrasts, but their efficiency is limited by wavefront aberrations. These deformations induce speckles, star lights leaks, in the focal plane after the coronagraph. The wavefront aberrations should be estimated directly in the science image to avoid usual limitations by differential aberrations in classical adaptive optics. In this context, we introduce the Self- Coherent Camera (SCC). The SCC uses the coherence of the star light to produce a spatial modulation of the speckles in the focal plane and estimate the associated electric complex field. Controlling the wavefront with a deformable mirror, high contrasts have already been reached in monochromatic light with this technique. The performance of the current version of the SCC is limited when widening the spectral bandwidth. We will present a theoretical analysis of these issues and their possible solution. Finally, we will present test bench performance in polychromatic light.
description: Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 8864, id. 88640N 9 pp. (2013)
Gravitino Propagator in anti de Sitter space
Creators: name: Basu, Anirban
name: Uruchurtu, Linda I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the gauge invariant part of the propagator for the massless gravitino in AdS(d+1) by coupling it to a conserved current. We also derive the propagator for the massive gravitino.
description: 24 pages; LaTeX
title: 03_0498
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Urophora sibynata Rondani 1870
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Urophora
Urophora sibynata

description: Urophora sibynata Rondani, 1870
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1870a: 14 (key), 18 (description).
 TYPE LOCALITY: “ in collibus sub-appenninis ditionis parmensis … in Pedemontio [Parmese sub-Apennine hills … Piedemont (Italy)]”.
 TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♀, lectotype (terminalia in a microvial pinned below specimen) (MZUF: Box 32): Urophora Desv. / sybinata [sic !] Rnd., ♂ [sic !], Parm. / 1691 / holotype [incorrectly labeled] Urophora sibynata Rondani, det. I.M. White, 1986 / Synonymy accepted Urophora solstitialis (Linné), det. I.M. White, 1986.
 PARALECTOTYPES NOT EXAMINED: 1 ♂ (MRSN): Urophora Desv. sybinata [sic !] Rond., Pesio [= Pesio River, Piedmont]; 2 ♂♂ (MRSN): [illegible word] / Urophora Desv. sybinata [sic !] Rond., Pesio [= Pesio River, Piedmont]; 1 ♂ (MRSN): 13 63 / Urophora Desv. sybinata [sic !] Rond., Pesio [= Pesio River, Piedmont].
 CURRENT STATUS: junior synonym of Urophora solstitialis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Foote 1984: 144, White & Korneyev 1989: 359, Belcari et al. 1995b: 8, Norrbom et al. 1999: 243).
 REMARKS: Rondani (1870a: 18) described both sexes of Urophora sybinata without specifying either the number or the length of the specimens: “ Marem et foeminam legi …, et mas … inventus a Prof. Bellardi [I collected the male and female …, and the male was found by Prof. Bellardi]”. Steyskal (1979: 22) designated a lectotype (♀, incorrectly labeled as a male) but did not mention an additional four males in the MRSN (all are paralectotypes). White & Korneyev (1989: 360) reported one MZUF female syntype.
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
A remark on the Farrell-Jones conjecture
Creators: name: Amrani, Ilias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Assuming the classical Farrell-Jones conjecture we produce an explicit (commutative) group ring $R$ and a thick subcategory $\mathsf{C}$ of perfect $R$-complexes such that the Waldhausen $K$-theory space $\mathrm{K}(\mathsf{C})$ is equivalent to a rational Eilenberg-Maclane space.
Inter-Organizational Groups: A New Context for Examining the Triggers of Group Conflict
Creators: name: Pearce, Brandi
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Although groups have historically played an important role in organizational life, the proliferation of technology has facilitated the ability of individuals to span multiple boundaries, including geographic, temporal, functional, and organizational. Although group research has begun to investigate many of these boundaries, very little research has explicitly examined the effect of the organizational boundary on group processes and outcomes. The research in this paper was designed to begin understanding how the inherent structure and external nature of inter-organizational teams effects group conflict processes.
Ionic liquid technology for recovering plant sterols from tall oil
Creators: name: Aravena Contreras, Raul
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Tall Oil is a by-product generated by the wood pulping industry which contains most of the hydrophobic compounds extracted from the wood. Among these compounds, plant sterols and stanols are industrially relevant due to their applications in functional food and pharmaceutical products. Although processes to recover and purify them have been developed, these processes suffer drawbacks such as large energy consumption, sterol decomposition, and large use of organic solvents. Using ionic liquids could be an alternative to conventional processes to achieve plant sterol and stanol recovery. This thesis project aimed to develop a process based on forming “in-situ” ionic liquids using the fatty acids contained on the tall oil to purify and recover plant sterols and stanols through a precipitation with alcohol and water. Several parameters affecting the precipitation process were studied, and their effect described by using Box-Behnken experimental designs. Using triethylamine and methanol led to the most promising results, although commercial purities of 99% are not reached in the precipitate. However, the precipitate rich in plant sterols and stanols can be further purified using crystallization to meet commercial purity. Intriguingly, it has been found that triethylamine can be recovered from the process using evaporation even when proton transfer occurs between triethylamine and fatty acids. Therefore, triethylamine can be recovered after precipitation which enables its recycling in the process. A techno-economics analysis shows that coupling the precipitation and the crystallization is economically feasible. Additionally, the technology has been extended to fish oil residues achieving precipitates with over 90% of cholesterol from these raw materials solely by performing the precipitation step.
Bose-Fermi mixtures in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Sengupta, K.
name: Dupuis, N.
name: Majumdar, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an atomic Bose-Fermi mixture in an optical lattice which is confined using an optical trap. We obtain the Mott ground states of such a system in the limit of deep optical lattice and discuss the effect of quantum fluctuations on these states. We also study the superfluid-insulator transitions of bosons and metal-insulator transition of fermions in such a mixture within a slave-rotor mean-field approximation, and obtain the corresponding phase diagram. We discuss experimental implications of our results.
description: Final version; Aceepted for publication in PRA
Convergence of a finite volume scheme to the eigenvalues of a Schrödinger operator
Creators: name: Koprucki, Thomas
name: Eymard, Robert
name: Fuhrmann, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Schrödinger operator
subject: eigenvalues
subject: finite volume schemes.
subject: 65N25
subject: 65N30
subject: 81Q10

description: We consider the approximation of a Schrödinger eigenvalue problem arising from the modeling of semiconductor nanostructures by a finite volume method in a bounded domain $OmegasubsetR^d$. In order to prove its convergence, a framework for finite dimensional approximations to inner products in the Sobolev space $H^1_0(Omega)$ is introduced which allows to apply well known results from spectral approximation theory. This approach is used to obtain convergence results for a classical finite volume scheme for isotropic problems based on two point fluxes, and for a finite volume scheme for anisotropic problems based on the consistent reconstruction of nodal fluxes. In both cases, for two- and three-dimensional domains we are able to prove first order convergence of the eigenvalues if the corresponding eigenfunctions belong to $H^2(Omega)$. The construction of admissible meshes for finite volume schemes using the Delaunay-Voronoï method is discussed. As numerical examples, a number of one-, two- and three-dimensional problems relevant to the modeling of semiconductor nanostructures is presented. In order to obtain analytical eigenvalues for these problems, a matching approach is used. To these eigenvalues, and to recently published highly accurate eigenvalues for the Laplacian in the L-shape domain, the results of the implemented numerical method are compared. In general, for piecewise $H^2$ regular eigenfunctions, second order convergence is observed experimentally.
Density dependence of the MIT bag parameters from the field theory of hadrons
Creators: name: Aguirre, R.
name: Schvellinger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A self-consistent description of the MIT bag parameters as functions of the nuclear matter density is presented. The subnuclear degrees of freedom are treated in the Quark-Meson Coupling Model, considering the equilibrium conditions for the bag in the nuclear medium. The hadronic interaction is described in the framework of the quantum field theory of hadrons through several models. We have obtained the behavior of the bag radius and the bag parameters $B$ and $z_0$, taking their derivatives with respect to the mean field value of the scalar meson as free parameters. A discussion on the variation range of these derivatives is given.
description: 9 pages, minor changes and 3 Postscript figures included; to be published in Physics Letters B (1997)
Internet Exchanges for Used Digital Goods
Creators: name: Smith, Michael
name: Telang, Rahul
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: In spite of industry concerns, prior work has shown that Internet used book markets do not significantly cannibalize new book sales. In this research note we analyze similar data from markets for CDs and DVDs, goods that because of their digital characteristics may be more susceptible to cannibalization than books are. We find that the cross price elasticity of new product demand with respect to used product prices is far higher for CDs (0.157) and DVDs (0.514) than it is for books (0.088). These higher cross price elasticities translate into higher levels of cannibalization: 24% of used CDs and 86% of used DVDs directly cannibalize new product sales. This compares to a 16% cannibalization rate for used book sales. Cannibalization is a concern to the music and movie industries because used sales generate no direct revenue to studios or royalties to artists. From a managerial perspective, while the digital characteristics of these products may be driving increased levels of cannibalization in traditional channels, digital distribution may provide a solution to the cannibalization threat posed by secondary markets. While the first sale doctrine allows consumers to resell copyrighted physical media, the dominant legal view is that the first sale doctrine does not apply to products that are distributed digitally. Thus, one benefit of the transition from a physical to a digital distribution model is that it would also allow movie and music companies to transition away from secondary markets for used products, and the associated cannibalization effects.
High performance of mixed halide perovskite solar cells: role of halogen atom and plasmonic nanoparticles on the ideal current density of cell
Creators: name: Mohebpour, Mohammad Ali
name: Saffari, Mohaddeseh
name: Soleimani, Hamid Rahimpour
name: Tagani, Meysam Bagheri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To be able to increase the efficiency of perovskite solar cells which is one of the most substantial challenges ahead in photovoltaic industry, the structural and optical properties of perovskite CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx for values x=1-3 have been studied employing density functional theory (DFT). Using the optical constants extracted from DFT calculations, the amount of light reflectance and ideal current density of a simulated single-junction perovskite solar cell have been investigated. The results of DFT calculations indicate that adding halogen bromide to CH3NH3PbI3 compound causes the relocation of energy bands in band structure which its consequence is increasing the bandgap. In addition, the effect of increasing Br in this structure can be seen as a reduction in lattice constant, refractive index, extinction and absorption coefficient. As well, results of the simulation suggest a significant current density enhancement as much as 22% can be achieved by an optimized array of Platinum nanoparticles that is remarkable. This plan is able to be a prelude for accomplishment of solar cells with higher energy conversion efficiency.
Helical edge transport in the presence of a magnetic impurity
Creators: name: Kurilovich, P. D.
name: Kurilovich, V. D.
name: Burmistrov, I. S.
name: Goldstein, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effects of electron scattering off a quantum magnetic impurity on the current-voltage characteristics of the helical edge of a two-dimensional topological insulator. We compute the backscattering contribution to the current along the edge for a general form of the exchange interaction matrix and arbitrary value of the magnetic impurity spin. We find that the differential conductance is a non-monotonous function of the voltage with several extrema.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, to appear in JETP Letters
Chromatic Alteration as Expression of Aesthetic Emotion: its Historic Roots in the Ancient Doctrine of Ethos
Creators: name: Nikolsky, Aleksey
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 190409 Musicology and Ethnomusicology
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 190406 Music Composition
subject: 190407 Music Performance
subject: Archaeology
subject: History
subject: 220207 History and Philosophy of the Humanities
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 210306 Classical Greek and Roman History
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: This paper overviews the ancient doctrine of ethos and establishes that its conceptualization characterizes the world’s greatest Bronze Age civilizations. Musical modes of the diatonic music systems were assigned to specific ethea by means of public conventions within the Ancient Greek and Babylonian cultures. The latter prototyped the semiotic system, designed to effectively convey emotional states that were viewed as “good” for society in order to supplant socially “bad” emotions. Within this perspective, the emergence of chromatic music in Hellenic Greece should be seen as the rise of a new theatrical aesthetic within a novel urban civilization - to replace the earlier ethical aesthetic of folk pastoral civilization. Chromatic alteration here acted as a tool of intensification of tonal tension with the purpose to impersonate humanistic character traits.
Non-nested multi-grid solvers for mixed divergence-free Scott--Vogelius discretizations
Creators: name: Linke, Alexander
name: Matthies, Gunar
name: Tobiska, Lutz
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Non-Nested Multi-Grid
subject: Stabilized Finite Elements
subject: Navier-Stokes Equations
subject: LBB-Stability
subject: 76D05
subject: 65F10
subject: 47.11.-j

description: We apply the general framework developed by John et al. in V. John, P. Knobloch, G. Matthies, L. Tobiska: Non-nested multi-level solvers for finite element discretisations of mixed problems, Computing 2002, to analyze the convergence of multi-level methods for mixed finite element discretizations of the generalized Stokes problem using the Scott-Vogelius element. Having in mind that semi-implicit operator splitting schemes for the Navier-Stokes equations lead to this class of problems, we take symmetric stabilization operators into account. The use of the class of Scott-Vogelius elements seems to be promising since discretely divergence-free functions are pointwise divergence-free. However, to satisfy the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuška-Brezzi stability condition, we have to deal in the multi-grid analysis with non-nested families of meshes which are derived from nested macro element triangulations.
String solutions in Chern-Simons-Higgs model coupled to an axion
Creators: name: Lopez-Sarrion, J.
name: Moreno, E. F.
name: Schaposnik, F. A.
name: Slobinsky, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a d=2+1 dimensional Chern-Simons gauge theory coupled to a Higgs scalar and an axion field, finding the form of the potential that allows the existence of selfdual equations and the corresponding Bogomolny bound for the energy of static configurations. We show that the same conditions allow for the N=2 supersymmetric extension of the model, reobtaining the BPS equations from the supersymmetry requirement. Explicit electrically charged vortex-like solutions to these equations are presented.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
The effect of time-dependent coupling on non-equilibrium steady states
Creators: name: Cornean, Horia D.
name: Neidhardt, Hagen
name: Zagrebnov, Valentin A.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: non-equilibrium steady states
subject: Landauer-Büttiker formula
subject: Landau-Lifschitz formula
subject: quantum Liouville equation
subject: wave and scattering operator
subject: 46N55
subject: 47N55
subject: 47A40
subject: 35L90
subject: 47E05

description: Consider (for simplicity) two one-dimensional semi-infinite leads coupled to a quantum well via time dependent point interactions. In the remote past the system is decoupled, and each of its components is at thermal equilibrium. In the remote future the system is fully coupled. We define and compute the non equilibrium steady state (NESS) generated by this evolution. We show that when restricted to the subspace of absolute continuity of the fully coupled system, the state does not depend at all on the switching. Moreover, we show that the stationary charge current has the same invariant property, and derive the Landau-Lifschitz and Landauer-Büttiker formulas.
Scaling limit and aging for directed trap models
Creators: name: Zindy, Olivier
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Directed trap model
subject: random walk
subject: scaling limit
subject: subordinator
subject: aging
subject: 60K37
subject: 60G50
subject: 60G52
subject: 60F17
subject: 82D30

description: We consider one-dimensional directed trap models and suppose that the trapping times are heavy-tailed. We obtain the inverse of a stable subordinator as scaling limit and prove an aging phenomenon expressed in terms of the generalized arcsine law. These results confirm the status of universality described by Ben Arous and Černý for a large class of graphs.
Internet Exchanges for Used Books: An Empirical Analysis of Product Cannibalization and Welfare Impact
Creators: name: Anindya  Ghose
name: Smith, Michael
name: Telang, Rahul
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Information systems and the Internet have facilitated the creation of used product markets that feature a dramatically wider selection, lower search costs, and lower prices than their brick-andmortar counterparts do. The increased viability of these used product markets has caused concern among content creators and distributors, notably the Book Publishers Association and Author’s Guild, who believe that used product markets will significantly cannibalize new product sales. However, this proposition, while theoretically possible, is based on speculation as opposed to empirical evidence. In this paper, we empirically analyze the degree to which used products cannibalize new product sales for books — one of the most prominent used product categories sold online. To do this, we use a unique dataset collected from Amazon.com’s new and used book marketplaces to measure the degree to which used products cannibalize new product sales. We then use these estimates to measure the resulting first-order changes in publisher welfare and consumer surplus. Our analysis suggests that used books are poor substitutes for new books for most of Amazon’s customers. The cross-price elasticity of new book demand with respect to used book prices is only 0.088. Because of this only 16% of used book sales at Amazon cannibalize new book purchases. The remaining 84% of used book sales apparently would not have occurred at Amazon’s new book prices. Further, our estimates suggest that this increase in book readership from Amazon’s used book marketplace increases consumer surplus by approximately $67.21 million annually. This increase in consumer surplus, together with an estimated $45.05 million loss in publisher welfare and a $65.76 million increase in Amazon’s profits, leads to an increase in total welfare to society by approximately $87.92 million annually from the introduction of used book markets at Amazon.com.
Elastic half-plane under random boundary excitations
Creators: name: Shalimova, Irina
name: Sabelfeld, Karl
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: White noise
subject: Karhunen-Loève expansion
subject: Poisson integral formula
subject: boundary random excitations
subject: 2D Lamé equation
subject: 65C05
subject: 65C20
subject: 65Z05

description: We study in this paper a respond of an elastic half-plane to random boundary excitations. We treat both the white noise excitations and more generally, homogeneous random fluctuations of displacements prescribed on the boundary. Solutions to these problems are inhomogeneous random fields which are however homogeneous with respect to the longitudinal coordinate. This is used to represent the displacements as series expansions involving a complete set of deterministic functions with corresponding random coefficients. We construct the Karhunen-Loève (K-L) series expansion which is based on the eigen-decomposition of the correlation operator. The K-L expansion can be used to calculate the statistical characteristics of other functionals of interest, in particular, the strain and stress tensors and the elastic energy tensor.
The role of the gut microbiome in psoriatic arthritis pathophysiology, a phenomic study
Creators: name: Miguens Blanco, Jesus
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Abstract: Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin affecting 2-3% of UK population. 30% of people affected by psoriasis will develop a progressive form of arthritis within 10 years of the skin condition onset. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA, is well described now as a systemic disease in which delayed diagnosis and treatment can cause irreversible joint damage, disability, and a long range of comorbidities such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, etc. There is limiting but convincing evidence linking the gut microbiota to PsA in humans. Methods: Microbiome in Psoriatic ARThritis (MiPART) is a multicentre, prospective, observational study. MiPART collected and analysed stool, plasma, serum, and urine samples from PsA patients, ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS) patients and healthy volunteers (HV). Analysis included metataxonomic, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), metagenomics and multi omics integration of the data. Results: PsA presented a different gut microbiota profile when compared with AS and HV groups; this trend was observed at the alpha and beta community diversity levels of the metataxonomic and metagenomic data. PsA participants presented a lower alpha-diversity than HV and AS groups (Shannon index, p value = 0.011). Beta-diversity analysis also reported a clear split between PsA participants and HV and AS groups (Aitchison distance, p value = 0.012). Lipoprotein dysregulation was found in the serum samples, with an increase of IDL particles with respect to Apo-B100 concentration (p value = 0.020) such as cholesterol (p value = 0.020) in PsA samples when compared to AS and HV ones. Finally, a network of PsA signatures was established with a supervised multi omics analysis. Discussion: The novel results presented here suggest a more extensive than previously recognised link between PsA and the gut microbiome. These results come with limitations, which require further integration of the pending experiments and future in vitro work for proper validation. However, the scope of the data presented in this thesis is a promising step to continue investigating the associations between the gut microbiota and PsA or other extraintestinal chronic autoimmune diseases.
A general class of quasi-independence tests for left-truncated right-censored data
Creators: name: Choi, Young-Geun
name: Tsai, Wei-Yann
name: Paik, Myunghee Cho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In survival studies, classical inferences for left-truncated data require quasi-independence, a property that the joint density of truncation time and failure time is factorizable into their marginal densities in the observable region. The quasi-independence hypothesis is testable; many authors have developed tests for left-truncated data with or without right-censoring. In this paper, we propose a class of test statistics for testing the quasi-independence which unifies the existing methods and generates new useful statistics such as conditional Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Asymptotic normality of the proposed class of statistics is given. We show that a new set of tests can be powerful under certain alternatives by theoretical and empirical power comparison.
description: Accepted in Statistica Sinica
Experimental parametric study of the self-coherent camera
Creators: name: Mazoyer, Johan
name: Baudoz, Pierre
name: Mas, Marion
name: Rousset, Gérard
name: Galicher, Raphaël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct imaging of exoplanets requires the detection of very faint objects orbiting close to very bright stars. In this context, the SPICES mission was proposed to the European Space Agency for planet characterization at visible wavelength. SPICES is a 1.5m space telescope which uses a coronagraph to strongly attenuate the central source. However, small optical aberrations, which appear even in space telescopes, dramatically decrease coronagraph performance. To reduce these aberrations, we want to estimate, directly on the coronagraphic image, the electric field, and, with the help of a deformable mirror, correct the wavefront upstream of the coronagraph. We propose an instrument, the Self-Coherent Camera (SCC) for this purpose. By adding a small "reference hole" into the Lyot stop, located after the coronagraph, we can produce interferences in the focal plane, using the coherence of the stellar light. We developed algorithms to decode the information contained in these Fizeau fringes and retrieve an estimation of the field in the focal plane. After briefly recalling the SCC principle, we will present the results of a study, based on both experiment and numerical simulation, analyzing the impact of the size of the reference hole.
description: Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 8442, article id. 844250, 10 pp. (2012)
Tortuosity and objective relative acceleration in the theory of porous materials
Creators: name: Wilmanski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Thermodynamics
subject: Biot's model
subject: poroelastic materials
subject: acoustic waves
subject: 80A17
subject: 74A20
subject: 74F10
subject: 74J10

description: The aim of this work is twofold. We show the construction of an objective relative acceleration for a two-component mixture and prove that its incorporation in the momentum source requires additional terms in partial stresses and in the energy. This may be interpreted as an influence of tortuosity in the theory of saturated poroelastic materials and a connection of tortuosity with fluctuations of the kinetic energy on a mesoscopic level of observation. The linearization of such a model yields Biot's equations used in poroacoustics. We demonstrate as well that results for the propagation of acoustic waves in saturated poroelastic media are qualitatively similar for Biot's model and for the simple mixture model in which both the tortuosity and the Biot's coupling between partial stresses are neglected. It is also indicated that the coupling constant of Biot's model obtained by means of the Gassmann relation may be too large as it leads to very small differences in the speed of propagation of the P1-wave for small and large frequencies which contradicts the data for soils.
Magnetic flares and the optical variability of the X-ray transient XTE J1118+480
Creators: name: Merloni, A.
name: Di Matteo, T.
name: Fabian, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simultaneous presence of a strong quasi periodic oscillation of period of about 10 seconds in the optical and X-ray lightcurves of the X-ray transient XTE J1118+480 suggests that a significant fraction of the optical flux originates from the inner part of the accretion flow, where most of the X-rays are produced. We present a model of magnetic flares in an accretion disc corona where thermal cyclo-synchrotron emission contributes significantly to the optical emission, while the X-rays are produced by inverse Compton scattering of the soft photons produced by dissipation in the underlying disc and by the synchrotron process itself. Given the observational constraints, we estimate the values for the coronal temperature, optical depth and magnetic field intensity, as well as the accretion rate for the source. Within our model we predict a correlation between optical and hard X-ray variability and an anticorrelation between optical and soft X-rays. We also expect optical variability on flaring timescales (about tens of milliseconds), with a power density spectrum similar to the one observed in the X-ray band. Finally we use both the available optical/EUV/X-ray spectral energy distribution and the low frequency time variability to discuss limits on the inner radius of the optically thick disc.
description: 5 pages, included 1 figure. One reference corrected. Submitted to MNRAS
Facets of Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions
Creators: name: Balantekin, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different approaches to the calculation of neutrino-nucleus cross sections are summarized. Potential impact of improving the nuclear physics input into neutrino interactions and cross section calculations on uncovering new physics is discussed using the example of reactor anomaly. Importance of a thorough understanding of neutrino interactions in astrophysics and cosmology is highlighted.
description: Proceedings of the XXXV Mazurian Lakes Conference on Physics, Piaski, Poland, September 3-9, 2017
Quasiperiodic regimes in multisection semiconductor lasers
Creators: name: Gonchenko, Sergey V.
name: Schneider, Klaus R.
name: Turaev, Dmitry
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: multisection semiconductor laser
subject: mode approximation
subject: quasiperiodic regime
subject: normal form
subject: stability
subject: 34C29
subject: 78A60
subject: 34C20
subject: 34C60

description: We consider a mode approximation model for the longitudinal dynamics of a multisection semiconductor laser which represents a slow-fast system of ordinary differential equations for the electromagnetic field and the carrier densities. Under the condition that the number of active sections $q$ coincides with the number of critical eigenvalues we introduce a normal form which admits to establish the existence of invariant tori. The case $q=2$ is investigated in more detail where we also derive conditions for the stability of the quasiperiodic regime.
Additional file 1 of circ_0000045 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas via regulating HSP70 and MAPK pathway
Creators: name: Sun, Ronghao
name: Zhou, Yuqiu
name: Cai, Yongcong
name: Shui, Chunyan
name: Wang, Xu
name: Zhu, Jingqiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
International Co-Invention in Central and Eastern Europe: the Role of Foreign Direct Investment
Creators: name: Vincenzi, Marco
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, International Co-Invention – characterized by patent applications where at least one of the co-inventor is foreign – has boomed in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). A significant number of these patents arise out of various forms of R&D collaboration or cooperation with multinational enterprises. We see this as part of a new international division of labor, where incremental innovation, measured by the number of patent applications at the European Patent Office (EPO) or at the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), is sharply rising in few low-wage countries besides CEE, namely China and India. We explain this phenomenon for CEE, building on the concept of “idea gap” elaborated by Romer (1993). In fact, we argue that under the influence of the Soviet Union, regional inventors in Central and Eastern European countries were highly skilled and educated, but insufficiently connected to centers of technological excellence in the Western World in order to reach their potential of research productivity. Hence, large western multinational enterprises, which have been investing heavily in the region since the fall of the Iron Curtain, worked as conduits by hiring regional inventors at relatively low wages to match knowledge and skills from the East with the complementary intellectual and financial assets in the West. According to our view, FDI helped Central and Eastern European economies to narrow the “idea gap” that was gnawing regional inventors in the early 1990s and gave the start to international co-invention. In this paper, we show that in CEE internationally co-invented patents receive a higher number of citations than those indigenously created and thus are of better quality, even at the most stringent level of confidence, both for data from the EPO and from the USPTO. We also build an econometric model to test whether FDI Stocks in CEE might cause, or at least be strongly correlated with, the boom in international co-invention observed in CEE since the mid-1990s. Our results show that there is a positive and very statistically significant correlation between the boom of internationally co-invented patents and the sharp rise of Foreign Direct Investments, while R&D Expenditure and Industrial Output seem to have much more explanatory power in predicting the total count of patents attributed to Central and Eastern European inventors.
Nuclear Astrophysics in Storage Rings
Creators: name: Bertulani, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear reaction cross sections are usually very small in typical astrophysical environments. It has been one of the major challenges of experimental nuclear astrophysics to assess the magnitude of these cross sections in the laboratory. For a successful experiment high luminosity beams are needed. Increasing the target width, one also increases the reaction yields. But, this is of limited use due to multiple scattering in the target. Storage rings are a very good way to overcome these difficulties. In principle, they can be tuned to large luminosities, and have the advantage of crossing the interaction region many times per second (typically one million/s), compensating low density internal gas targets, or low reaction rates in beam-beam collisions. Storage rings are also ideal tools for precise measurements of masses and beta-decay lifetimes of nuclei of relevance for astrophysics.
description: 14 pages, LaTeX, figures available upon request
Intellectual Property Strategies and the Returns to R&D
Creators: name: Arora, Ashish
name: Ceccagnoli, Marco
name: Cohen, Wesley
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Although the prospect of obtaining patent protection is believed to encourage R&D investments and thus the rate of inventive activity, there is little by way of direct evidence to support this belief. We use original data from the 1994 Carnegie Mellon survey on the appropriation of R&D in the US manufacturing sector to empirically estimate a structural model linking a firm’s choice of the optimal level of R&D efforts with its intellectual property protection strategy. We explicitly model the use and effectiveness of different technological strategies, including patenting, secrecy and the exploitation of first mover advantages, as conditioning the effect of firms and industry characteristics such as firm size and competitive pressure on the returns to firms’ inventive activity. The analysis also incorporates the role of information spillovers and other organizational factors influencing the productivity of R&D investments. A key result is that the effectiveness of a firm’s patenting strategy is one of the main determinants of R&D efforts and thus the production of inventions in only selected industries. In particular, in industries such as biotechnology, drugs and chemicals patent protection significantly induce R&D and innovation. In other industries such as machinery, electronics and instruments the results are mixed, with other strategies such as secrecy and the exploitation of lead times having a significantly larger impact on the returns to R&D. By looking at the structural differences between the two types of industries, we conjecture that the critical factor conditioning the effect of patenting on R&D and innovation is the degree to which a firm controls the complementary technologies needed to commercialize an innovation.
Additional file 2 of circ_0000045 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas via regulating HSP70 and MAPK pathway
Creators: name: Sun, Ronghao
name: Zhou, Yuqiu
name: Cai, Yongcong
name: Shui, Chunyan
name: Wang, Xu
name: Zhu, Jingqiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2.
Solutions to muscle fiber equations and their long time behaviour
Creators: name: Krejč'ı, Pavel
name: Sante-Marie, Jacques
name: Sorine, Michel
name: Urquiza, Jose M.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: nonlinear initial boundary value problem
subject: existence and uniqueness of solutions
subject: asymptotic behaviour
subject: muscle and cardiac mechanics
subject: 35K60
subject: 74L15
subject: 35B35
subject: 35B40
subject: 92C10

description: We consider the nonlinear initial-boundary value problem governing the dynamical displacements of a one dimensional solid body with specific stress-strain law. This constitutive law results from the modelization of the mechanisms that rules the electrically activated mechanical behaviour of cardiac muscle fibers at the microscopic level. We prove global existence and uniqueness of solutions and we study their asymptotic behaviour in time. In particular we show that under vanishing external forcing solutions asymptotically converge to an equilibrium.
A descent method for the free energy of multicomponent systems
Creators: name: Gajewski, Herbert
name: Griepentrog, Jens André
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nonconvex functionals
subject: Cahn-Hilliard equation
subject: Lyapunov function
subject: asymptotic behaviour
subject: phase separation
subject: image segmentation
subject: 90C26
subject: 82B26
subject: 94A08

description: Equilibrium distributions of a multicomponent system minimize the free energy functional under the constraint of mass conservation of the components. However, since the free energy is not convex in general, one tries usually to characterize and to construct equilibrium distributions as steady states of an adequate evolution equation (for example, the nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard equation for binary alloys). In this work a direct descent method for nonconvex functionals is established and applied to phase separation problems in multicomponent systems and image segmentation.