cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
From Crowd Dynamics to Crowd Safety: A Video-Based Analysis
Creators: name: Johansson, Anders
name: Helbing, Dirk
name: Al-Abideen, Habib Z.
name: Al-Bosta, Salim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of crowd dynamics is interesting because of the various self-organization phenomena resulting from the interactions of many pedestrians, which may improve or obstruct their flow. Besides formation of lanes of uniform walking direction and oscillations at bottlenecks at moderate densities, it was recently discovered that stop-and-go waves [D. Helbing et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 168001 (2006)] and a phenomenon called "crowd turbulence" can occur at high pedestrian densities [D. Helbing et al., Phys. Rev. E 75, 046109 (2007)]. Although the behavior of pedestrian crowds under extreme conditions is decisive for the safety of crowds during the access to or egress from mass events as well as for situations of emergency evacuation, there is still a lack of empirical studies of extreme crowding. Therefore, this paper discusses how one may study high-density conditions based on suitable video data. This is illustrated at the example of pilgrim flows entering the previous Jamarat Bridge in Mina, 5 kilometers from the Holy Mosque in Makkah, Saudi-Arabia. Our results reveal previously unexpected pattern formation phenomena and show that the average individual speed does not go to zero even at local densities of 10 persons per square meter. Since the maximum density and flow are different from measurements in other countries, this has implications for the capacity assessment and dimensioning of facilities for mass events. When conditions become congested, the flow drops significantly, which can cause stop-and-go waves and a further increase of the density until critical crowd conditions are reached. Then, "crowd turbulence" sets in, which may trigger crowd disasters.
MotionBenchMaker: A Tool to Generate and Benchmark Motion Planning Datasets
Creators: name: Chamzas, Constantinos
name: Quintero-Peña, Carlos
name: Kingston, Zachary
name: Orthey, Andreas
name: Rakita, Daniel
name: Gleicher, Michael
name: Toussaint, Marc
name: Kavraki, Lydia E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, there has been a wealth of development in motion planning for robotic manipulation new motion planners are continuously proposed, each with their own unique strengths and weaknesses. However, evaluating new planners is challenging and researchers often create their own ad-hoc problems for benchmarking, which is time-consuming, prone to bias, and does not directly compare against other state-of-the-art planners. We present MotionBenchMaker, an open-source tool to generate benchmarking datasets for realistic robot manipulation problems. MotionBenchMaker is designed to be an extensible, easy-to-use tool that allows users to both generate datasets and benchmark them by comparing motion planning algorithms. Empirically, we show the benefit of using MotionBenchMaker as a tool to procedurally generate datasets which helps in the fair evaluation of planners. We also present a suite of 40 prefabricated datasets, with 5 different commonly used robots in 8 environments, to serve as a common ground to accelerate motion planning research.
description: accepted in IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RAL), 2022. Supplementary video: https://youtu.be/t96Py0QX0NI Code: https://github.com/KavrakiLab/motion_bench_maker
Globular Cluster Systems in Giant Ellipticals: the Mass/Metallicity Relation
Creators: name: Harris, William E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hubble Space Telescope ACS/WFC data in (B,I) are used to investigate the globular cluster populations around 6 gE galaxies ~40 Mpc distant. The total comprises a sample of ~8000 high-probability globular clusters. PSF-convolved King-model profiles are used to measure their individual total magnitudes, colors, and effective radii. The classic bimodal form of the GC color-magnitude distribution shows up unambiguously in all the galaxies, allowing an accurate definition of the mean colors along each of the two sequences as a function of magnitude (the mass/metallicity relation or MMR). The blue, metal-poor cluster sequence shows a clearly defined but nonlinear MMR, changing smoothly from a near-vertical sequence at low luminosity to an increasingly redward slope at higher luminosity, while the red, metal-rich sequence is nearly vertical at all luminosities. All the observed features of the present data agree with the interpretation that the MMR is created primarily by GC self-enrichment, along the lines of the quantitative model of Bailin and Harris (2009): The "threshold" mass at which this effect should become noticeable is near 1 million Solar masses, which is closely consistent with the transition region that is seen in the data. Correlation of the median half-light radii of the GCs with other parameters shows that the metal-poor clusters are consistently 17% larger than those of the metal-rich clusters, at all galactocentric distances and luminosities. At the same time, cluster size scales with halo location as r_h ~ R_gc^0.11, indicating that both metallicity and the external tidal environment play roles in determining the scale size of a given cluster. Lastly, both the red and blue GC components show metallicity gradients with galactocentric distance, following Z ~ R_gc^-0.1.
description: In press for Astrophysical Journal. Complete preprint with higher quality figures is available at http://physwww.mcmaster.ca/%7Eharris/Publications.html
Il simbolismo delle gemme nell'ambito imperiale
Creators: name: Avgoloupi, Eleftheria <1975>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: L-FIL-LET/07 Civiltà Bizantina

description: Le vesti e le insegne degli imperatori nonché degli alti dignitari, sono ornate e “appesantite” da pietre preziose, lì disposte non a caso. Esse spesso divengono emblemi dei personaggi che le portano e offrono loro virtù e qualità che spesso si ricollegano anche a caratteristiche di alto valore ideologico. 
Già dai tempi pre-biblici le pietre sono considerate creature vive, messe in corrispondenza con gli astri, secondo la dottrina della simpathia. Questa concezione perdura anche nel Medioevo: infatti,  nei vari lapidari vi sono pietre capaci di generare, e pietre “incinte”; esistono pietre dalle virtù talismaniche e taumaturgiche; altre guariscono, allontanano i mali, ottengono il favore dei potenti, consentono di portare a felice compimento tutto quel che si intraprende; rendono eloquenti, simpatici, graditi.
Tornando all’ambito imperiale, l’imperatore per governare deve manifestare qualità che vengono condivise anche da Dio, quali la filantrophia, l’eunomia; rispettare la taxis; essere capace di autocontrollo; mostrare pietà; essere filocristos, vittorioso, misericordioso; essere temperante e giusto. Alcune di queste qualità gli vengono offerte anche dall’uso delle pietre preziose; così ad esempio il diamante dà forza e coraggio: preserva l’integrità del carattere e la buona fede; il rubino allude alla fiamma della carità; lo zaffiro è simbolo della ricchezza e dei cieli, custode dell’innocenza e della verità; lo smeraldo è anche esso simbolo della fede e allude simbolicamente alla capacità di intuire e trasmettere il messaggio divino propria del personaggio che ne è adornato.
Le fonti prese in esame anche se vengono separate da un’arco di tempo grande e non rispecchiano un limite cronologico fisso, neccessario per ogni ricerca, tuttavia permettono di delineare il percorso evolutivo delle virtù delle gemme attraverso i secoli; e quindi di avere un’ idea molto più chiara sulla concezione delle pietre stesse, e su come, col passare degli anni, queste virtù si evolvono o svaniscono.
Emission heights of coronal bright points on Fe XII radiance map
Creators: name: Tian, H.
name: Tu, C. -Y.
name: He, J. -S.
name: Marsch, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the emission heights of the coronal bright points (BPs) above the photosphere in the bipolar magnetic loops that are apparently associated with them. As BPs are seen in projection against the disk their true emission heights are unknown. The correlation of the BP locations on the Fe XII radiance map from EIT with the magnetic field features (in particular neutral lines) was investigated in detail. The coronal magnetic field was determined by an extrapolation of the photospheric field to different altitudes above the disk. It was found that most BPs sit on or near a photospheric neutral line, but that the emission occurs at a height of about 5 Mm. Some BPs, while being seen in projection, still seem to coincide with neutral lines, although their emission takes place at heights of more than 10 Mm. Such coincidences almost disappear for emissions above 20 Mm. We also projected the upper segments of the 3-D magnetic field lines above different heights, respectively, on to the x-y plane. The shape of each BP was compared with the respective field-line segment nearby. This comparison suggests that most coronal BPs are actually located on the top of their associated magnetic loops. Finally, we calculated for each selected BP region the correlation coefficient between the Fe XII intensity enhancement and the horizontal component of the extrapolated magnetic field vector at the same x-y position in planes of different heights, respectively. We found that for almost all the BP regions we studied the correlation coefficient, with increasing height, increases to a maximal value and then decreases again. The height corresponding to this maximum was defined as the correlation height, which for most bright points was found to range below 20 Mm.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
A User Model for Information Erasure
Creators: name: Del Tedesco, Filippo
name: Sands, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hunt and Sands (ESOP'08) studied a notion of information erasure for systems which receive secrets intended for limited-time use. Erasure demands that once a secret has fulfilled its purpose the subsequent behaviour of the system should reveal no information about the erased data. In this paper we address a shortcoming in that work: for erasure to be possible the user who provides data must also play his part, but previously that role was only specified informally. Here we provide a formal model of the user and a collection of requirements called erasure friendliness. We prove that an erasure-friendly user can be composed with an erasing system (in the sense of Hunt and Sands) to obtain a combined system which is jointly erasing in an appropriate sense. In doing so we identify stronger requirements on the user than those informally described in the previous work.
The $Λ$-$Σ$ coupling effect in the neutron-rich $Λ$-hypernucleus $_Λ^{10}$Li by microscopic shell model
Creators: name: Umeya, A.
name: Harada, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the structure of the neutron-rich $Λ$-hypernucleus $_Λ^{10}$Li by using microscopic shell-model calculations considering a $Λ$-$Σ$ coupling effect. The calculated $Σ$-mixing probability in the $_Λ^{10}$Li ground state is found to be about 0.34 % which is coherently enhanced by the $Λ$-$Σ$ coupling configurations, leading to the energy shift 0.28 MeV which is about 3 times larger than that in $_Λ^{7}$Li. The importance of the $Σ$ configuration obtained by the $ΣN$ interaction and the potentiality of the neutron-rich environment are discussed.
description: 6 figures
Constrained Minimum-Energy Optimal Control of the Dissipative Bloch Equations
Creators: name: Stefanatos, Dionisis
name: Li, Jr-Shin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49

description: In this letter, we apply optimal control theory to design minimum-energy $π/2$ and $π$ pulses for the Bloch system in the presence of relaxation with constrained control amplitude. We consider a commonly encountered case in which the transverse relaxation rate is much larger than the longitudinal one so that the latter can be neglected. Using the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, we derive optimal feedback laws which are characterized by the number of switches, depending on the control bound and the coordinates of the desired final state.
Polarization of synchrotron emission from relativistic reconfinement shocks
Creators: name: Nalewajko, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the polarization properties of relativistic reconfinement shocks with chaotic magnetic fields. Using our hydrodynamical model of their structure, we calculate synthetic polarization maps, longitudinal polarization profiles and discuss the spatially averaged polarization degree as a function of jet half-opening angle Theta_j, jet Lorentz factor Gamma_j and observer inclination angle to the jet axis theta_{obs}. We find, that for theta_{obs} <= Theta_j the wave electric vectors are parallel in the vicinity of the structure ends and perpendicular in between, while for theta_{obs} > Theta_j the polarization can only be perpendicular. The spatially averaged polarization degree does not exceed 30%. Parallel average polarization, with polarization degrees lower than 10%, have been found for theta_{obs} < Theta_j under the condition Gamma_j * Theta_j > 1. As earlier works predicted the parallel polarization from relativistic conical shocks, we explain our results by discussing conical shocks with divergent upstream flow.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Extension of the Transition Temperature Plasma into the Lower Galactic Halo
Creators: name: Savage, Blair D.
name: Wakker, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Column densities for H I, Al III, Si IV, C IV, and O VI toward 109 stars and 30 extragalactic objects have been assembled to study the extensions of these species away from the Galactic plane into the Galactic halo. H I and Al III mostly trace the warm neutral and warm ionized medium, respectively, while Si IV, C IV and O VI trace a combination of warm photoionized and collisionally ionized plasmas. The much larger object sample compared to previous studies allows us to consider and correct for the effects of the sample bias that has affected earlier but smaller surveys of the gas distributions. We find Si IV and C IV have similar exponential scale heights of 3.2(+1.0, -0.6) and 3.6(+1.0, -0.8) kpc. The scale height of O VI is marginally smaller with h = 2.6+/- 0.6 kpc. The transition temperature gas is ~3 times more extended than the warm ionized medium traced by Al III with h = 0.90(+0.62, -0.33) kpc and ~12 times more extended than the warm neutral medium traced by H I with h = 0.24 +/- 0.06 kpc. There is a factor of 2 decrease in the dispersion of the log of the column density ratios for transition temperature gas for lines of sight in the Galactic disk compared to extragalactic lines of sight through the entire halo. The observations are compared to the predictions of the various models for the production of the transition temperature gas in the halo. The appendix presents a revision to the electron scale height proposed by Gaensler et al. (2008) based on electron dispersion measures.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ (63 pages including 6 figures and 5 tables)
Proca balls with angular momentum or flux of electric field
Creators: name: Dzhunushaliev, Vladimir
name: Folomeev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within SU(2) Higgs-Proca theory, we obtain a family of nontopological static solutions describing localized, finite-energy configurations (Proca balls). The gauge symmetry of the theory is explicitly broken by introducing a vector Proca field whose components have different masses. Such solutions describe particlelike systems,the crucial feature of which is that they either possess a nonzero total angular momentum or have a flux of electric field through the plane of symmetry of such objects. It is shown that the angular momentum is provided by static crossed electric and magnetic fields. The existence of the solutions is caused by the fact that we circumvent the conditions of the no-go theorem, according to which there are no stationary and axially symmetric spinning excitations for the 't~Hooft-Polyakov monopoles, Julia-Zee dyons, sphalerons, and also vortices. The dependence of some integral physical quantities on the ratio of the Proca-field masses is studied. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of external sources (charges) enables one to obtain solutions with equal Proca-field masses. We also discuss the possibilities of using quarks as sources of the Proca field under investigation and for treating the Proca balls as glueballs in SU(2) Higgs-Proca theory.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
The 50% advanced information rule of the quantum algorithms
Creators: name: Castagnoli, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The oracle chooses a function out of a known set of functions and gives to the player a black box that, given an argument, evaluates the function. The player should find out a certain character of the function through function evaluation. This is the typical problem addressed by the quantum algorithms. In former theoretical work, we showed that a quantum algorithm requires the number of function evaluations of a classical algorithm that knows in advance 50% of the information that specifies the solution of the problem. Here we check that this 50% rule holds for the main quantum algorithms. In the structured problems, a classical algorithm with the advanced information, to identify the missing information should perform one function evaluation. The speed up is exponential since a classical algorithm without advanced information should perform an exponential number of function evaluations. In unstructured database search, a classical algorithm that knows in advance 50% of the n bits of the database location, to identify the n/2 missing bits should perform Order(2 power n/2) function evaluations. The speed up is quadratic since a classical algorithm without advanced information should perform Order(2 power n) function evaluations. The 50% rule identifies the problems solvable with a quantum sped up in an entirely classical way, in fact by comparing two classical algorithms, with and without the advanced information.
description: 18 pages, submitted with minor changes to the International Journal of Theoretical Physics
Conformational effects in the photochemistry of tetrahydro-1,4-naphthoquinones
Creators: name: Jennings, Barry Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The photochemistry of a variety of tetrahydro-1,4-naphthoquinones (structure 1) has been investigated. These were synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of corresponding p-quinones and acyclic-1,3-dienes [diagram omitted]. Three substituent-dependent types of reactions were observed: (1) for adducts possessing hydrogen substituents at C₄a and C₈a (bridgehead position), the prevalent process was one of abstraction of a β-hydrogen atom from C₅(or equivalently, C₈) by excited carbonyl oxygen. In general, three product types were then observed, derived from carbon-carbon bond formation (proceeded in two instances by conformational rotation about the C₄a - C₈a bond) in the bisallylic radical so produced. Placing a methyl or phenyl substituent at C₂ renders the β-hydrogens non-equivalent, and abstraction occurs in accord with expectations based on the formation of the more stable biradical intermediate. In adducts possessing bridgehead substituents, rotation about the C₄a - C₈a bond in the biradical is suppressed and only a single product type (enone alcohol) is formed, which possesses the same relative conformation as the biradical and starting adduct. In the case where the bridgehead substituents are carboxymethyl, however, secondary photolysis in benzene solution occurs, giving rise to a product where the bridgehead substituents are nearly eclipsed. (2) For the adduct possessing exo-methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8 as well as methyls at the bridgehead positions and at and C₂ and C₃, hydrogen abstraction was partially suppressed in favor of a process tentatively concluded to involve Ύ~hydrogen abstraction by excited enone carbon, giving rise to a product, the formation of which again requires little conformational change in the biradical. (3) For adducts possessing endo-methyl substituents at C₅ and C₈ as well as bridgehead substituents, a novel oxetane product was observed, formally the result of a cycloaddition reaction involving the remote double bond and one of the carbonyl groups. The oxetane derived from the duroquinone adduct was found to be photolabile, giving back starting material and, eventually, a quantitative conversion to a novel cage diketone. The reactivity differences for these systems, as well as for those previously studied in our laboratory, are interpreted as being due to the effects of substituents on the energy barrier to conformational isomerization in the biradical intermediates. Finally, the potential utility of these photochemical reactions for the synthesis of unusual ring systems is noted.
EVALUATION AS A SEMANTIC CATEGORY.
Creators: name: Ikhtiyorov, A'zamjon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The words evaluation and attitude are closely related to each other, and the terms "evaluative attitude", "subjective attitude", "positive attitude", "negative attitude" are widely used by linguists. Here, it is worth noting that interpersonal relations are created through evaluation, that is, communication participants express their opinion in the process of communication based on their personal assessment of themselves and the listener. In turn, evaluation is formed on the basis of the relations of communicants in communication and is reflected openly or secretly in the process of mutual exchange of ideas. In this article, the author tries to analyze the  types of evaluation  as well as their specific characteristics.
Additional file 7 of De novo genome assembly of a foxtail millet cultivar Huagu11 uncovered the genetic difference to the cultivar Yugu1, and the genetic mechanism of imazethapyr tolerance
Creators: name: Wang, Jie
name: Li, Shiming
name: Lan, Lei
name: Xie, Mushan
name: Cheng, Shu
name: Gan, Xiaolong
name: Huang, Gang
name: Du, Guohua
name: Yu, Kang
name: Ni, Xuemei
name: Liu, Baolong
name: Peng, Guoxiong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Figure S7. The nucleotide sequence alignment of AHAS from the genome of Huagu11 and Yugu1.
Essays in industrial organization
Creators: name: Quinto, Giuseppe <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: The thesis consists in three papers that investigate two debated topics in industrial organization (in particular in competition policy) through formal models based on game-theory. The first paper deals with potential effects of conglomerate mergers among leading brands in facilitating foreclosure of new suppliers through the retailing channel. The two remaining papers analyze antitrust policy with respect to monopolization of markets of spare parts and aftermarkets by monopolistic equipment manufacturers.
Additional file 3 of Midterm clinical and radiological outcomes of arthrogryposis-associated clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method: a retrospective observational study and comprehensive literature review
Creators: name: Berger, Nina
name: Forkl, Hans
name: Heimkes, Bernhard
name: Frimberger, Vincent
name: Wagner, Ferdinand
name: Hildebrand, Frank
name: Delbrück, Heide
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology

description: Supplementary Material 3
title: Crowdfunding and Risk
Creators: name: Cimon, David
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2023

description: This paper examines the role of rewards-based and equity-based crowdfunding in funding new businesses. In this model, crowdfunding is a unique technology that serves as a real option for production and eliminates downside risk. It affords entrepreneurs who face uncertain consumer demand a viable means of funding new projects. Crowdfunding performs well for projects with a high variability in demand and a low probability of success. Conversely, crowdfunding does not perform well for large projects with little variability in demand or for projects where the production side is uncertain.
description: Cette étude examine le rôle du financement participatif sous forme de prévente et par actions dans le financement des nouvelles entreprises. Je conçois un modèle dans lequel le financement participatif est une technologie unique qui représente une véritable option pour financer la production et qui élimine le risque de pertes. Ainsi, face à une demande incertaine, un entrepreneur dispose d’un moyen viable de financer de nouveaux projets. L’étude montre que le financement participatif fonctionne bien pour les projets caractérisés par une demande très variable et une faible probabilité de réussite, mais pas pour de gros projets où la demande varie peu ou des projets pour lesquels les incertitudes sont du côté de la production.
Donne migranti a Modena: il lavoro di "badante" tra vincolo e risorsa
Creators: name: Russo, Monica <1974>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2008
Subjects: M-DEA/01 Discipline demoetnoantropologiche
SPS/07 Sociologia generale

description: This study enters the world of migrants women daily involved in the work of caregiving
to elderly people in Modena.
The multidimensional analysis that characterizes this work brings together elements
which are examined, simultaneously, as bounds and/or opportunities within the
migratory experience of these women.
The interviews collected will be analyzed in parallel and linked to the international
debates on contemporary migrations: the meaning of transnational migrations, the role
of the networks in guiding integration, the limits and strengths of multiculturalist
theories, the concept of ‘superdiversity’, the link among entitlement, rights and access
to citizenship.
The present study place at the centre of its observation the “daily practices” that allow
every migrant to negotiate its ‘power’, its ‘freedom’ and its ‘rights’, so as to recognize
agency to these women in the creation of their strategies and social boundaries.
Moreover, the study focuses on the ability and power of the State, and its institutions, to
create categorizations among migrants based on their social and economic ‘usefulness’,
which produce effects in the daily lives of these workers.
Le forme del lavoro associato con particolare riguardo all'associazione in partecipazione
Creators: name: Miscione, Alessandra <1978>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2008
Subjects: IUS/07 Diritto del lavoro

description: The thesis has three chapters. The first one focuses in general on the
associated employment, trying to give a unitary perspective and to
show the several readings given by scholars. In detail, the thesis
underlines the peculiar features of the associated employment
relationships.
The following chapters deal with the contract of associazione in
partecipazione labour intensive. In the second chapter, this contract
is analysed as it was originally provided by the Civil Code, with
references to the relevant jurisprudence.
In the third chapter, the thesis stresses the most outstanding
characteristics of the contract in recent years, analysing all the
legislative reforms in the field (in particular article 86, par. 2, Decree
n. 276 of 2003 and its consequences in terms of social contribution),
trying to interpret them in the present context.
Les Ecrits politiques de Max Weber: esquisse d’une lecture sociologique
Creators: name: Chazel, François
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Firenze
Year: 2014

description: The author argues that Max Weber in his Politische Schriften (from 1906 to 1919) is using a sociological approach to the prevailing problems of Russia and Germany, grounded on categories of his political sociology. Weber’s in-depth analysis of the Russian Revolution of 1905 and of its outcome brilliantly illustrates this approach. In the first of his memoirs, overviewing Russian society as a whole, he highlights the multiple impediments to a success of bourgeois democracy in Russia; in the second one, he points out the political factors, as symbolized by “pseudo-constitutionalism”, that caused the failure of the liberal Revolution. In his “Parliament and Government in a reorganized Germany”, Weber rests on the analysis of bureaucracy in his first “sociology of domination”, pointing out that bureaucracy is unavoidable in modern society as well as it threatens to be overpowering. It is therefore required, in Weber’s view, to build institutions assuming a counterpoising function: he first conferred this role on a strong parliament, on the model of the English Parliament. Then, after the fall of the Wilhelminian Empire, he emphasized the plebiscitary power of a Reichspräsident. As a whole, Weber’s analyses bring out the dilemma between oligarchy and democracy but also the subtle relations linking them in the context of political modernity. Oligarchy is a threat to democracy because bureaucracy’s power can, if not checked, extend into the political field and because political parties are more and more oligarchic organizations. Large-scale socialism can only worsen the situation and lead to “bureaucracy’s dictatorship”. Therefore, Weber argues for the setting up of counterweights on the societal level. There is a way out of Michels’ dilemma in the national competition between bureaucratized parties. Weber is faced again with an authoritarian danger when he emphasizes in his last political writings the plebiscitary-caesaristic component of leadership. Yet, charisma shows a new face, when the leader relies on the trust of the masses: it is “reinterpreted in an anti-authoritarian way”. Thus, in Weber’s view, charisma can adjust itself to the modern context of mass democracy.
description: SocietàMutamentoPolitica, Vol 5, N° 9 (2014): 1864-2014 – Max Weber: a Contemporary Sociologist
Minimal blowing pressure allowing periodic oscillations in a model of bass brass instruments
Creators: name: Mattéoli, Rémi
name: Gilbert, Joël
name: Vergez, Christophe
name: Dalmont, Jean-Pierre
name: Maugeais, Sylvain
name: Terrien, Soizic
name: Ablitzer, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, an acoustic resonator -- a bass brass instrument -- with multiple resonances coupled to an exciter -- the player's lips -- with one resonance is modelled by a multidimensional dynamical system, and studied using a continuation and bifurcation software. Bifurcation diagrams are explored with respect to the blowing pressure, in particular with focus on the minimal blowing pressure allowing stable periodic oscillations and the associated frequency.The behaviour of the instrument is first studied close to a (non oscillating) equilibrium using linear stability analysis. This allows to determine the conditions at which an equilibrium destabilises and as such where oscillating regimes can emerge (corresponding to a sound production). This approach is useful to characterise the ease of playing of a brass instrument, which is assumed here to be related -- as a first approximation -- to the linear threshold pressure. In particular, the lower the threshold pressure, the lower the physical effort the player has to make to play a note [Campbell et al., 2021].Cases are highlighted where periodic solutions in the bifurcation diagrams are reached for blowing pressures below the value given by the linear stability analysis. Thus, bifurcation diagrams allow a more in-depth analysis. Particular attention is devoted to the first playing regime of bass brass instruments (the pedal note and the ghost note of a tuba in particular), whose behaviour qualitatively differs from a trombone to a euphonium for instance.
Lattice fermions as spectral graphs
Creators: name: Yumoto, Jun
name: Misumi, Tatsuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study lattice fermions from the viewpoint of spectral graph theory (SGT). We find that a fermion defined on a certain lattice is identified as a spectral graph. SGT helps us investigate the number of zero eigenvalues of lattice Dirac operators even on the non-torus and non-regular lattice, leading to understanding of the number of fermion species (doublers) on lattices with arbitrary topologies. The procedure of application of SGT to lattice fermions is summarized as follows: (1) One investigates a spectral graph corresponding to a lattice fermion. (2) One obtains a matrix corresponding to the graph. (3) One finds zero eigenvalues of the matrix by use of the discrete Fourier transformation (DFT). (4) By taking an infinite-volume and continuum limits, one finds the number of species. We apply this procedure to the known lattice fermion formulations including Naive fermions, Wilson fermions and Domain-wall fermions, and reproduce the known fact on the number of species. We also apply it to the lattice fermion on the discretized four-dimensional hyperball and discuss the number of fermion species on the bulk. In the end of the paper, we discuss the application of the analysis to lattice fermions on generic lattices with arbitrary topologies, which could lead to constructing a new theorem regarding the number of species.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures
Effetti termoregolatori ed ipnici indotti dalla stimolazione farmacologica del bulbo rostroventro mediale nel ratto
Creators: name: Tupone, Domenico <1977>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2010
Subjects: BIO/09 Fisiologia

description: Recentemente è stato proposto che i premotoneuroni simpatici deputati al controllo della vasomozione cutanea siano localizzati nel bulbo rostoventromediale, una area che è delimitata rostralmente dal nucleo del nervo faciale (RVMM(io)) e causalmente dal polo rostrale del nucleo olivare inferiore (RVMM(io)). Per esplorare il ruolo che in neuroni contenuti nel RVMM(io) e nel (RVMM(fn) hanno nel controllare la vasomozione periferica, sono state effettuate in ciascuna delle due aree microiniezioni dell’agonista dei recettori GABAA muscimolo, dell’antagonista dei recettori GABAA bicucullina metiodide e di veicolo. La somministrazione di mucimolo induce una massiva vasodilatazione periferica sia se iniettato in RVMM(io) che in RVMM(fn). La disinibizione dei neuroni del RVMM(fn) produce invece una importate vasocostrizione periferica, antagonizzando la vasodilatazione indotta dall’esposizione ad alte temperature ambientali, mentre la disinibizione dei neuroni del RVMM(io) produce una vasodilatazione massimale, che è in grado di antagonizzare anche la vasocostrizione indotta da esposizione a bassa temperatura ambientale. L’inibizione sia dei neuroni del RVMM(io) che del RVMM(fn) induce inoltre modificazioni elettroencefalografiche e ipniche comparabili con quelle osservate durante il torpore. La somministrazione di muscimolo ha prodotto una rapida vasodilatazione periferica, seguita da una profonda ipotermia a da uno spostamento verso sinistra della banda Theta dell’EEG. Durante il periodo di ipotermia, la comparsa sia di sonno NREM che di sonno REM è risultata essere inibita.
Questi dati mostrano che: a) a due popolazioni di premotoneuroni simpatici sono localizzati nella regione che va dal RVMM(io) al RVMM(fn), una termoregolatoria, tonicamente attiva e vasocostrittoria, l’altra non termoregolatoria, tonicamente inibita e vasodilatatoria; b) anche in una specie che non è va spontaneamente incontro a torpore, l’ipotermia centrale produce effetti elettroencefalografici simili a quelli osservati durante il torpore.
No need for dark matter: resolved kinematics of the ultra-diffuse galaxy AGC 114905
Creators: name: Piña, Pavel E. Mancera
name: Fraternali, Filippo
name: Oosterloo, Tom
name: Adams, Elizabeth A. K.
name: Oman, Kyle A.
name: Leisman, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new HI interferometric observations of the gas-rich ultra-diffuse galaxy AGC 114905, which previous work, based on low-resolution data, identified as an outlier of the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation. The new observations, at a spatial resolution $\sim 2.5$ times higher than before, reveal a regular HI disc rotating at about 23 km/s. Our kinematic parameters, recovered with a robust 3D kinematic modelling fitting technique, show that the flat part of the rotation curve is reached. Intriguingly, the rotation curve can be explained almost entirely by the baryonic mass distribution alone. We show that a standard cold dark matter halo that follows the concentration-halo mass relation fails to reproduce the amplitude of the rotation curve by a large margin. Only a halo with an extremely (and arguably unfeasible) low concentration reaches agreement with the data. We also find that the rotation curve of AGC 114905 deviates strongly from the predictions of Modified Newtonian dynamics. The inclination of the galaxy, which is measured independently from our modelling, remains the largest uncertainty in our analysis, but the associated errors are not large enough to reconcile the galaxy with the expectations of cold dark matter or Modified Newtonian dynamics.
description: MNRAS, in press. V3: Matching official published version, a couple of typos fixed
Encuesta a profesionales de educación no universitaria Comsciencia - FINAL
Creators: name: Said-Hung, Elias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130313 Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Education

description: Encuesta a profesionales de educación no universitaria Comsciencia - FINAL, empleada para el levantamiento de la información pautada en el proyecto Comscienciaeduspain.
Más información en: http://comscienciaeduspain.es/
Applications of Fourier transform NMR spectroscopy : proton spin-lattice relaxation in organic molecules
Creators: name: Preston, Caroline Margaret Callway
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis describes a study of proton spin-lattice relaxation in organic molecules in solution, a study made possible largely by the development of Fourier transform n.m.r. (Spin-lattice relaxation, which concerns the transfer of energy between the spins and the molecular lattice, can occur by several different mechanisms, directly related to such lattice parameters as molecular geometry and motions.) A qualitative survey of some mono-saccharides and their derivatives revealed a stereospecific dependence of the proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T₁ values); further, the data strongly suggested that the dominant source of relaxation for the protons of an organic molecule in dilute degassed solution, in a magnetically inert, solvent, was the intramolecular dipole-dipole mechanism. The stereospecific differentials, which had clear diagnostic potential, extended to di- and polysaccharides, and an alkaloid, vindolene, but not to several high-molecular-weight polysaccharides. Study of two structurally-related groups of molecules all six-membered rings with known chair conformations in solution, showed that the proton relaxation could be analyzed as a sum of independent intramolecular dipole-dipole interactions between pairs of protons; moreover, these pairwise interactions were directly related to ratios of interproton distances. This model was further probed by two methods, selective deuteration and tailored excitation, and the results obtained by tailored excitation served to strengthen the assumption that the dominant source of relaxation was the intramolecular dipole-dipole mechanism. Other observations included the effect of changing temperature, concentration, and solvent, the extent of non-exponentiality in the decay curves, and the much more strongly non-exponential decay of some methyl protons, possibly due to cross-correlations. Finally, our new insight into proton relaxation patterns, combined with Fourier transform technology provided some practical methods for improving the high-resolution n.m.r. of large organic molecules, including manipulation of the naturally-occurring relaxation times by the addition of paramagnetic gadolinium (III) ions. This thesis also describes the empirical methods adopted, in the absence of a comprehensive theory, for determination of T₁ values in coupled, multi-spin systems, and finally, the preparation of some selectively deuterated sugar derivatives.
Additional file 8 of De novo genome assembly of a foxtail millet cultivar Huagu11 uncovered the genetic difference to the cultivar Yugu1, and the genetic mechanism of imazethapyr tolerance
Creators: name: Wang, Jie
name: Li, Shiming
name: Lan, Lei
name: Xie, Mushan
name: Cheng, Shu
name: Gan, Xiaolong
name: Huang, Gang
name: Du, Guohua
name: Yu, Kang
name: Ni, Xuemei
name: Liu, Baolong
name: Peng, Guoxiong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Figure S8. The amino sequence alignment of AHASs from the cultivars with the different resistance to the imazethapyr.
Longevity and stroke: a study on 1.176 GeHA 90+ Italian sibs
Creators: name: Panourgia, Maria Panagiota <1973>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: MED/04 Patologia generale

description: Preface: The improvements of the social-environmental conditions, and medical cares and the quality of life caused a general improvement of the health status of the population, with a consequent reduction of the overall morbidity and mortality, resulting in an increase of life expectancy that has rose dramatically in the last century.
Stroke represents the 3rd cause of death and 1st cause of disability in Europe and in Italy.
Aim: The aim of this research is to explore the prevalence of stroke in 1.176 90+ Italian sibs, collected from the north, centre and south of the peninsula, and examine the presence of functional and cognitive disability in the stroke affected sibs. 
Materials and Methods: We divided our sample in three main categories a)Stroke free(960 subjects, 88.72%), b)Young age stroke, reported age of Stroke incidence < 85 y.o.(42 subjects, 3.88%), c)Old age stroke, reported age of Stroke incidence ≥ 85y.o.(80 subjects, 7.39%). We examine cognitive impairment using the MMSE and functional disability using the ADL scale, the chair stand and hand-grip test. The three groups for each test have been analysed according the following parameters: age at interview, sex, ability to understand the questions, can the participant walk 500 m without help, smoke habit, alcohol daily consumption, presence of serious memory impairments (e.g. dementia), Daily Exercise or daily light housework, History of arthritis. 
Results: After performing mulrivariate analysis, amazingly the young ictus group had worst performance in all the cognitive and functional variables.
Asymmetric Dark Matter
Creators: name: Kaplan, David E.
name: Luty, Markus A.
name: Zurek, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a simple class of models in which the relic density of dark matter is determined by the baryon asymmetry of the universe. In these models a $B - L$ asymmetry generated at high temperatures is transfered to the dark matter, which is charged under $B - L$. The interactions that transfer the asymmetry decouple at temperatures above the dark matter mass, freezing in a dark matter asymmetry of order the baryon asymmetry. This explains the observed relation between the baryon and dark matter densities for dark matter mass in the range 5--15 GeV. The symmetric component of the dark matter can annihilate efficiently to light pseudoscalar Higgs particles $a$, or via $t$-channel exchange of new scalar doublets. The first possibility allows for $h^0 \to aa$ decays, while the second predicts a light charged Higgs-like scalar decaying to $τν$. Direct detection can arise from Higgs exchange in the first model, or a nonzero magnetic moment in the second. In supersymmetric models, the would-be LSP can decay into pairs of dark matter particles plus standard model particles, possibly with displaced vertices.
description: 22 pages, no figures
Creating a Deeper Understanding of Big Geospatial Data, Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), and Community Science using Project Eddie Modules
Creators: name: Maclennan, Barb
name: LaFone, Frank
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: This module uses the Project Eddie Module Assessing the Risk of Invasive Species Using Community Science Data developed by Heard, M. J. (2023) to create a deeper understanding of big geospatial data and volunteered geographic information (VGI) by embedding and Implementing the Project EDDIE Module on Assessing the Risk of Invasive Species Using Community Science Data or Other Project Eddue Modules into a cross-cutting curriculum for undergraduate students. Students in the upper-division courses completed the module while adapting it for a campus and community Global Citizen Science Month and Earth Day activity.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE TRANSITION TO NORMALCY: CHALLENGES  AND COPING MECHANISMS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN RIZAL DIVISION`S PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS DURING FULL IN-PERSON CLASS IMPLEMENTATION A CORRESPONDENCE ARTICLE
Creators: name: Rosero, Mary Jane C.
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2023

description: This qualitative study explores into the challenges and coping mechanisms employed  by junior high school teachers in Rizal Division’s public secondary schools during the  transition to full-scale in-person classes. Data was meticulously gathered through an  exhaustive review of literature, with permissions obtained from authors as necessary.  The study’s objective is to comprehend the hurdles faced by educators and the adaptive  strategies they utilized in response. Findings indicate that teachers tend to employ  active coping strategies when confronted with severe challenges. Several themes  surfaced regarding their experiences and the trials of in-person classes. This study  contributes to the dialogue on educational resilience and adaptive strategies, providing  valuable insights for educators, policy makers, and the broader educational community.  It stands as a testament to the resilience of the educational community and serves as a  guide for future policy-making and the development of support systems