cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A continuous constraint satisfaction problem for the rigidity transition in confluent tissues
Creators: name: Urbani, Pierfrancesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of confluent tissues are built out of tessellations of the space (both in two and three dimensions) in which the cost function is constructed in such a way that individual cells try to optimize their volume and surface in order to reach a target shape. At zero temperature, many of these models exhibit a rigidity transition that separates two phases: a liquid phase and a solid (glassy) phase. This phenomenology is now well established but the theoretical understanding is still not complete. In this work we consider an exactly soluble mean field model for the rigidity transition which is based on an abstract mapping. We replace volume and surface functions by random non-linear functions of a large number of degrees of freedom forced to be on a compact phase space. We then seek for a configuration of the degrees of freedom such that these random non-linear functions all attain the same value. This target value is a control parameter and plays the role of the target cell shape in biological tissue models. Therefore we map the microscopic models of cells to a random continuous constraint satisfaction problem (CCSP) with equality constraints. We argue that at zero temperature, the rigidity transition corresponds to the satisfiability transition of the problem. We also characterize both the satisfiable (SAT) and unsatisfiable (UNSAT) phase. In the SAT phase, before reaching the rigidity transition, the zero temperature SAT landscape undergoes an RSB/ergodicity breaking transition of the same type as the Gardner transition in amorphous solids. By solving the RSB equations we compute the SAT/UNSAT threshold and the critical behavior around it. In the UNSAT phase we also compute the average shape index as a function of the target one and we compare the thermodynamical solution of the model with the results of the numerical greedy minimization of the corresponding cost function.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures. Eq (17) and descendants corrected. Figures corrected
On the graph of divisibility of an integral domain
Creators: name: Boynton, Jason Greene
name: Coykendall, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is well-known that the factorization properties of a domain are reflected in the structure of its group of divisibility. The main theme of this paper is to introduce a topological/graph-theoretic point of view to the current understanding of factorization in integral domains. We also show that connectedness properties in the graph and topological space give rise to a generalization of atomicity.
description: 9 pages
CHARA/SPICA: a 6-telescope visible instrument for the CHARA Array
Creators: name: Mourard, Denis
name: Berio, Philippe
name: Pannetier, Cyril
name: Nardetto, Nicolas
name: Allouche, Fatme
name: Bailet, Christophe
name: Dejonghe, Julien
name: Geneslay, Pierre
name: Jacqmart, Estelle
name: Lagarde, Stéphane
name: Lecron, Daniel
name: Morand, Frédéric
name: Rousseau, Sylvain
name: Salabert, David
name: Spang, Alain
name: Albrecht, Simon
name: Anugu, Narsireddy
name: Bourges, Laurent
name: Brummelaar, Theo A. ten
name: Creevey, Orlagh
name: Deheuvels, Sebastien
name: de Souza, Armando Domiciano
name: Gies, Doug
name: Ligi, Roxanne
name: Mella, Guillaume
name: Perraut, Karine
name: Schaefer, Gail
name: Wittkowski, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a possible angular resolution down to 0.1-0.2 millisecond of arc using the 330 m baselines and the access to the 600-900 nm spectral domain, the CHARA Array is ideally configured for focusing on precise and accurate fundamental parameters of stars. CHARA/SPICA (Stellar Parameters and Images with a Cophased Array) aims at performing a large survey of stars all over the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. This survey will also study the effects of the different kinds of variability and surface structure on the reliability of the extracted fundamental parameters. New surface-brightness-colour relations will be extracted from this survey, for general purposes on distance determination and the characterization of faint stars. SPICA is made of a visible 6T fibered instrument and of a near-infrared fringe sensor. In this paper, we detail the science program and the main characteristics of SPICA-VIS. We present finally the initial performance obtained during the commissioning.
Characterization and Suppression of Low-frequency Noise in Si/SiGe Quantum Point Contacts and Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Takeda, K.
name: Obata, T.
name: Fukuoka, Y.
name: Akhtar, W. M.
name: Kamioka, J.
name: Kodera, T.
name: Oda, S.
name: Tarucha, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the effects of a global top gate on low-frequency noise in Schottky gate-defined quantum point contacts (QPCs) and quantum dots (QDs) in a modulation-doped Si/SiGe heterostructure. For a relatively large top gate voltage, the QPC current shows frequent switching with 1/f2 Lorentzian type charge noise. As the top gate voltage is decreased, the QPC pinch-off voltage becomes less negative, and the 1/f2 noise becomes rapidly suppressed in a homogeneous background 1/f noise. We apply this top-gating technique to double QDs to stabilize the charge state for the electron number down to zero.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Perturbation Theory Remixed: Improved Nonlinearity Modeling beyond Standard Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Wang, Zhenyuan
name: Jeong, Donghui
name: Taruya, Atsushi
name: Nishimichi, Takahiro
name: Osato, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel $n$EPT ($n$th-order Eulerian Perturbation Theory) scheme to model the nonlinear density field by the summation up to $n$th-order density fields in perturbation theory. The obtained analytical power spectrum shows excellent agreement with the results from all 20 Dark-Quest suites of $N$-body simulations spreading over a broad range of cosmologies. The agreement is much better than the conventional two-loop Standard Perturbation Theory and would reach out to $k_{\rm max}\simeq 0.4~h/{\rm Mpc}$ at $z=3$ for the best-fitting Planck cosmology, without any free parameters. The method can accelerate the forward modeling of the non-linear cosmological density field, an indispensable probe of cosmic mysteries such as inflation, dark energy, and dark matter.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures; to be submitted to PRL
Inhomogeneous Deformation of Brain Tissue During Tension Tests
Creators: name: Rashid, Badar
name: Destrade, Michel
name: Gilchrist, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical characterization of brain tissue has been investigated extensively by various research groups over the past fifty years. These properties are particularly important for modelling Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). In this research, we present the design and calibration of a High Rate Tension Device (HRTD) capable of performing tests up to a maximum strain rate of 90/s. We use experimental and numerical methods to investigate the effects of inhomogeneous deformation of porcine brain tissue during tension at different specimen thicknesses (4.0-14.0 mm), by performing tension tests at a strain rate of 30/s. One-term Ogden material parameters (mu = 4395.0 Pa, alpha = -2.8) were derived by performing an inverse finite element analysis to model all experimental data. A similar procedure was adopted to determine Young's modulus (E= 11200 Pa) of the linear elastic regime. Based on this analysis, brain specimens of aspect ratio (diameter/thickness) S < 1.0 are required to minimise the effects of inhomogeneous deformation during tension tests.
$\hat Z$- invariant for $SO(3)$ and $OSp(1|2)$ Groups
Creators: name: Chauhan, Sachin
name: Ramadevi, Pichai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Three-manifold invariants $\hat Z$ (''$Z$-hat''), also known as homological blocks, are $q$-series with integer coefficients. Explicit $q$-series form for $\hat Z$ is known for $SU(2)$ group, supergroup $SU(2|1)$ and ortho-symplectic supergroup $OSp(2|2)$. We focus on $\hat Z$ for $SO(3)$ group and orthosymplectic supergroup $OSp(1|2)$ in this paper. Particularly, the change of variable relating $SU(2)$ link invariants to the $SO(3)$ & $OSp(1|2)$ link invariants plays a crucial role in explicitly writing the $q$-series.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures; minor changes; matches the published version
On an operator preserving inequalities between polynomials
Creators: name: Rather, N. A.
name: Gulzar, Suhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30A10, 30D15, 41A17

description: Let $\mathscr{P}_n $ denote the space of all complex polynomials $P(z)=\sum_{j=0}^{n}a_{j}{z}^{j}$ of degree $n$ and $\mathcal{B}_n$ a family of operators that maps $\mathscr{P}_n$ into itself. In this paper, we consider a problem of investigating the dependence of $$|B[P\circσ](z)-αB[P\circρ](z)+β\{(\frac{R+k}{k+r})^{n}-|α|\}B[P\circρ](z)| $$ on the maximum and minimum modulus of $|P(z)|$ on $|z|=k$ for arbitrary real or complex numbers $α,β\in\mathbb{C}$ with $|α|\leq 1,|β|\leq 1,R>r\geq k,$ $σ(z)=Rz,$ $ρ(z)=rz$ and establish certain sharp operator preserving inequalities between polynomials, from which a variety of interesting results follow as special cases.
description: 15 pages
Chiral run-and-tumble walker: transport and optimizing search
Creators: name: Mallikarjun, Rahul
name: Pal, Arnab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the statistical properties of a non-Markovian chiral run-and-tumble particle (CRTP) in two dimensions in continuous space and time. In our model, the possible orientations of the particle correspond to the four cardinal directions. The particle can reorient by turning left, right or reversing its direction of motion at different rates. We show how chirality manifests itself in the transport properties like the spatial moments of the marginal position distribution and the first-passage properties of a CRTP. Interestingly, we find that the chirality leads to enhanced diffusion and a \textit{looping} tendency in the trajectory space. Furthermore, our results show that chirality plays a pivotal role in the improvement of the search strategy -- notably, there exists an optimal bias in tumbling that minimizes the mean search time. This key observation can play a crucial role in determining how living systems efficiently search under non-equilibrium conditions.
A billion or more years of possible periglacial/glacial cycling in Protonilus Mensae, Mars
Creators: name: Soare, Richard J.
name: Williams, Jean-Pierre
name: Hepburn, Adam J.
name: Butcher, Frances E. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long-term cyclicity and temporal succession of glacial-periglacial (or deglacial) periods or epochs are keynotes of Quaternary geology on Earth. Relatively recent work has begun to explore the histories of the mid- to higher-latitudinal terrain of Mars, especially in the northern hemisphere, for evidence of similar cyclicity and succession in the Mid to Late Amazonian Epoch. Here, we carry on with this work by focusing on Protonilus Mensae [PM] (43-490 N, 37-590 E). More specifically, we discuss, describe and evaluate an area within PM that straddles a geological contact between two ancient units: [HNt], a Noachian-Hesperian Epoch transition unit; and [eHT] an early Hesperian Epoch transition unit. Dark-toned terrain within the eHt unit (HiRISE image ESP_028457_2255) shows continuous coverage by structures akin to clastically-sorted circles [CSCs]. The latter are observed in permafrost regions on Earth where the freeze-thaw cycling of surface and/or near-surface water is commonplace and cryoturbation is not exceptional. The crater-size frequency distribution of the dark-toned terrain suggests a minimum age of ~100 Ma and a maximum age of ~1 Ga. The age estimates of the candidate CSCs fall within this dispersion. Geochronologically, this places the candidate CSCs amongst the oldest periglacial landforms identified on Mars so far.
description: 71 pages, 15 figures, published in Icarus
Fusion: Efficient and Secure Inference Resilient to Malicious Servers
Creators: name: Dong, Caiqin
name: Weng, Jian
name: Liu, Jia-Nan
name: Zhang, Yue
name: Tong, Yao
name: Yang, Anjia
name: Cheng, Yudan
name: Hu, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In secure machine learning inference, most of the schemes assume that the server is semi-honest (honestly following the protocol but attempting to infer additional information). However, the server may be malicious (e.g., using a low-quality model or deviating from the protocol) in the real world. Although a few studies have considered a malicious server that deviates from the protocol, they ignore the verification of model accuracy (where the malicious server uses a low-quality model) meanwhile preserving the privacy of both the server's model and the client's inputs. To address these issues, we propose \textit{Fusion}, where the client mixes the public samples (which have known query results) with their own samples to be queried as the inputs of multi-party computation to jointly perform the secure inference. Since a server that uses a low-quality model or deviates from the protocol can only produce results that can be easily identified by the client, \textit{Fusion} forces the server to behave honestly, thereby addressing all those aforementioned issues without leveraging expensive cryptographic techniques. Our evaluation indicates that \textit{Fusion} is 48.06$\times$ faster and uses 30.90$\times$ less communication than the existing maliciously secure inference protocol (which currently does not support the verification of the model accuracy). In addition, to show the scalability, we conduct ImageNet-scale inference on the practical ResNet50 model and it costs 8.678 minutes and 10.117 GiB of communication in a WAN setting, which is 1.18$\times$ faster and has 2.64$\times$ less communication than those of the semi-honest protocol.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
High-temperature neutron diffraction and first-principles study of temperature-dependent crystal structures and atomic vibrations in Ti3AlC2, Ti2AlC, and Ti5Al2C3
Creators: name: Lane, Nina J.
name: Vogel, Sven C.
name: Caspi, El'ad N.
name: Barsoum, Michel W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herein we report on the thermal expansions and temperature-dependent crystal structures of select ternary carbide MAX phases in the Ti-Al-C phase diagram in the 100-1000 deg C temperature range. A bulk sample containing 38 wt.% Ti5Al2C3, "523"), $32 wt.% Ti2AlC ("211"), 18 wt.% Ti3AlC2 ("312"), and 12 wt.% (Ti{0.5}Al{0.5})Al is studied by Rietveld analysis of high-temperature neutron diffraction data. We also report on the same for a single-phase sample of Ti$_3$AlC$_2$ for comparison. The thermal expansions of all the MAX phases studied are higher in the $c$ direction than in the $a$ direction. The bulk expansion coefficients - 9.3 x 10^-6 for Ti5Al2C3, 9.2 x 10^-6 for Ti2AlC, and 9.0 x 10^-6 for Ti3AlC2 - are comparable within one standard deviation of each other. In Ti5Al2C3, the dimensions of the Ti-C octahedra for the 211-like and 312-like regions are comparable to the Ti-C octahedra in Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2, respectively. The isotropic mean-squared atomic displacement parameters are highest for the Al atoms in all three phases, and the values predicted from first-principles phonon calculations agree well with those measured.
Flux focusing with a superconducting nano-needle for scanning SQUID susceptometry
Creators: name: Xiang, B. K.
name: Wang, S. Y.
name: Wang, Y. F.
name: Zhu, J. J.
name: Xu, H. T.
name: Wang, Y. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nano-fabricated superconducting quantum interference device (nano-SQUID) is a direct and sensitive flux probe useful for magnetic imaging of quantum materials and mesoscopic devices. Enabled by functionalities of superconductive integrated circuits, nano-SQUID fabricated on a chip is particularly versatile but spatial resolution has been limited by its planar geometry. Here, we use femtosecond-laser 3-dimensional (3D) lithography and print a needle onto a nano-SQUID susceptometer to overcome the limit of a plane-structure. The nano-needle coated with a superconducting shell focuses the flux both from the field coil and the sample. We perform scanning imaging using such a needle-on-SQUID (NoS) device on superconducting test patterns with topographic feedback. The NoS shows improved spatial resolution in both magnetometry and susceptometry over its planarized counterpart. This work serves as a proof-of-principle for the integration and inductive coupling between superconducting 3D nano-structures and on-chip Josephson nano-devices.
SA4U: Practical Static Analysis for Unit Type Error Detection
Creators: name: Taylor, Max
name: Aurand, Johnathon
name: Qin, Feng
name: Wang, Xiaorui
name: Henry, Brandon
name: Zhang, Xiangyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unit type errors, where values with physical unit types (e.g., meters, hours) are used incorrectly in a computation, are common in today's unmanned aerial system (UAS) firmware. Recent studies show that unit type errors represent over 10% of bugs in UAS firmware. Moreover, the consequences of unit type errors are severe. Over 30% of unit type errors cause UAS crashes. This paper proposes SA4U: a practical system for detecting unit type errors in real-world UAS firmware. SA4U requires no modifications to firmware or developer annotations. It deduces the unit types of program variables by analyzing simulation traces and protocol definitions. SA4U uses the deduced unit types to identify when unit type errors occur. SA4U is effective: it identified 14 previously undetected bugs in two popular open-source firmware (ArduPilot & PX4.)
description: ASE 2022
Oscillating Solitons and AC Josephson Effect in Ferromagnetic Bose-Bose Mixtures
Creators: name: Bresolin, Sebastiano
name: Roy, Arko
name: Ferrari, Gabriele
name: Recati, Alessio
name: Pavloff, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Close to the demixing transition, the degree of freedom associated to relative density fluctuations of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate is described by a non-dissipative Landau-Lifshitz equation. In the quasi one-dimensional weakly immiscible case, this mapping surprisingly predicts that a dark-bright soliton should oscillate when subject to a constant force favoring separation of the two components. We propose a realistic experimental implementation of this phenomenon which we interpret as a spin-Josephson effect in the presence of a movable barrier.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
title: Abschlussbericht für DFG Projekt "A 'gold standard' of institutional assessment? Operationalizing and explaining political biases in large numbers of international organization evaluation reports"
Creators: name: Eckhard, Steffen
Publisher: name: Zeppelin Universität gemeinnützige GmbH
Year: 2025

description: This research project examined the role of political influences in evaluation processes within international organizations (IOs). Evaluations are widely used as tools for accountability and learning, but concerns have been raised about their neutrality and independence. While previous research has largely relied on perception-based evidence, this study systematically analysed the content of evaluation reports to assess whether political biases shape evaluation findings and recommendations. At the core of the project was a quantitative content analysis of 1,082 evaluation reports. Based on novel conceptualizations of evaluation biases and using a state-of-the-art fine-tuned BERT language model, nearly one million sentences from these reports were classified as positive, neutral, or negative. Additionally, the recommendations given in a sample of 240 evaluation reports were manually coded regarding the type and depth of recommendations given.
Findings show on the one hand that evaluation findings—the assessments of IO performance—do not exhibit systematic biases based on whether evaluation units (in terms of their budget, staffing and agenda) are controlled by IO administrations or member states. Evaluation recommendations on the other hand, do reflect stakeholder influence. Reports from IO administration-controlled evaluation units contained broader, less specific recommendations that tended to favour increasing organizational resources while avoiding proposals for additional oversight. In contrast, member state-controlled evaluations were more targeted and focused on strengthening accountability mechanisms. These patterns suggest that political considerations influence how evaluation results are translated into policy recommendations. Another key finding concerns the role of the commissioning entity. Evaluations commissioned by decentralized operational units, which are closely involved in project/program implementation, tended to be systematically more positive than those conducted by independent central evaluation units. This suggests that decentralized evaluations may be subject to direct or indirect pressure to present findings in a more favourable light.
All data and the language model were published. Substantive findings were presented at conferences and published in a book with Oxford University Press and in leading journals of political science (with peer review). Beyond academic contributions, the project was characterized by intensive exchange with practitioners. Regular consultations were held with evaluation professionals from the UN system, development agencies, and international organizations. Key findings were presented to the UN Evaluation Group and shared in various practitioner networks to ensure that the research remained relevant for those working directly with evaluation processes.
Gauged baryon and lepton numbers in supersymmetry with a $125\;{\rm GeV}$ Higgs
Creators: name: Feng, Tai-Fu
name: Zhao, Shu-Min
name: Zhang, Hai-Bin
name: Zhang, Yin-Jie
name: Yan, Yu-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming that the Yukawa couplings between the Higgs and exotic quarks cannot be ignored, we analyze the signals of decay channels $h\rightarrowγγ$ and $h\rightarrow VV^*\;(V=Z,\;W)$ with the Higgs mass around $125\;{\rm GeV}$ in a supersymmetric extension of the standard model where baryon and lepton numbers are local gauge symmetries. Adopting some assumptions on relevant parameter space, we can account for the experimental data on Higgs from ATLAS and CMS naturally.
description: 27 pages, including 4 ps figures
On Rough Frobenius-type Theorems and Their Hölder Estimates
Creators: name: Yao, Liding
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The thesis studies Frobenius-type theorems in non-smooth settings. We extend the definition of involutivity to non-Lipschitz subbundles using generalized functions. We prove the real Frobenius Theorem with sharp regularity on log-Lipschitz subbundles. We also develop a singular version of the Frobenius theorem on log-Lipschitz vector fields: if $X_1,\dots,X_m$ are log-Lipschitz vector fields such that $[X_i,X_j]=\sum_{k=1}^mc_{ij}^kX_k$ where $c_{ij}^k$ are the derivatives of log-Lipschitz functions, then for any point $p$ there is a $C^1$-manifold containing $p$ such that $X_1,\dots,X_m$ span its tangent space. On the quantitative side, if $c_{ij}^k\in C^{α-1}$ where $1<α<2$ then on each leaf where $X_1,\dots,X_m$ span the tangent spaces we can find a regular parameterization $Φ$ such that $Φ^*X_1,\dots,Φ^*X_m$ are $C^α$, and their $C^α$ norm depend only on the diffeomorphic invariant quantities of $X_1,\dots,X_m$. For a complex Frobenius structure there is a coordinate chart $F$ that takes image in $\mathbb R^r_t\times\mathbb C^m_z\times \mathbb R^{N-r-2m}_s$, such that the structure is locally spanned by $F^*\partial_t,F^*\partial_z$. When it has Hölder regularity $α>1$, we show that the coordinate chart $F$ may be taken to be $\mathscr C^α$, and the vector fields $F^*\partial_t,F^*\partial_z$ are $\mathscr C^{α-ε}$ for every $ε>0$. We give an example to show that the regularity result for $F^*\partial_z$ is optimal. When a complex Frobenius structure $S$ is $C^α$ ($\frac12<α\le1$) such that $S+\bar S$ is log-Lipschitz, then for every $ε>0$ there is a $C^{2α-1-ε}$ homeomorphism $Φ(t,z,s)$ such that $S$ is spanned by $Φ_*\partial_t,Φ_*\partial_z\in C^{2α-1-ε}$.
description: PhD Thesis at UW-Madison; 180 pages, MR4495227. Fix a few typos. Results include arXiv:2002.07973, arXiv:2004.07288, arXiv:2202.07729 and part of arXiv:2105.10120, with something new
Can Transformer Models Effectively Detect Software Aspects in StackOverflow Discussion?
Creators: name: Mandal, Nibir Chandra
name: Muhammad, Tashreef
name: Shahariar, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dozens of new tools and technologies are being incorporated to help developers, which is becoming a source of consternation as they struggle to choose one over the others. For example, there are at least ten frameworks available to developers for developing web applications, posing a conundrum in selecting the best one that meets their needs. As a result, developers are continuously searching for all of the benefits and drawbacks of each API, framework, tool, and so on. One of the typical approaches is to examine all of the features through official documentation and discussion. This approach is time-consuming, often makes it difficult to determine which aspects are the most important to a particular developer and whether a particular aspect is important to the community at large. In this paper, we have used a benchmark API aspects dataset (Opiner) collected from StackOverflow posts and observed how Transformer models (BERT, RoBERTa, DistilBERT, and XLNet) perform in detecting software aspects in textual developer discussion with respect to the baseline Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. Through extensive experimentation, we have found that transformer models improve the performance of baseline SVM for most of the aspects, i.e., `Performance', `Security', `Usability', `Documentation', `Bug', `Legal', `OnlySentiment', and `Others'. However, the models fail to apprehend some of the aspects (e.g., `Community' and `Potability') and their performance varies depending on the aspects. Also, larger architectures like XLNet are ineffective in interpreting software aspects compared to smaller architectures like DistilBERT.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, submitted to International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Emerging Technologies (MIET 2022)
A new class of exact solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation of a charged particle interacting with an electromagnetic plane wave in a medium
Creators: name: Varro, Sandor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact solutions are presented of the Klein-Gordon equation of a charged particle moving in a classical monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave in a medium of index of refraction n < 1. The solutions are expressed in terms of Ince polynomials, which form a doubly infinite set labeled by two integer quantum numbers. These integer numbers represent quantized spectra of the momentum components of the charged particle along the polarization vector and along the propagation direction of the applied electromagnetic plane wave field. Since this field may represent a laser radiation of arbitrary high intensity propagating in an underdense plasma, the solutions obtained may have relevance, for instance, in describing possible quantum features of laser acceleration of electrons.
description: 24 pages. 6 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1305.4370
Supplementary Information 1 from Metamagnetism in a coordination polymer built of trimeric cobalt units and melamine
Creators: name: Bernabé Vírseda, Ignacio
name: Prado-Roller, Alexander
name: Eisterer, Michael
name: Shiozawa, Hidetsugu
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 340299
subject: Inorganic chemistry not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 340399
subject: Macromolecular and materials chemistry not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 401707
subject: Solid mechanics
classificationCode: 510499
subject: Condensed matter physics not elsewhere classified

description: A coordination polymer of linear trimeric cobalt units and melamine has been synthesized. The magnetic isotherms of violet coloured crystals as long as μm
Determination of Friction Coefficient in Unconfined Compression of Brain Tissue
Creators: name: Rashid, Badar
name: Destrade, Michel
name: Gilchrist, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unconfined compression tests are more convenient to perform on cylindrical samples of brain tissue than tensile tests in order to estimate mechanical properties of the brain tissue because they allow for homogeneous deformations. The reliability of these tests depends significantly on the amount of friction generated at the specimen/platen interface. Thus, there is a crucial need to find an approximate value of the friction coefficient in order to predict a possible overestimation of stresses during unconfined compression tests. In this study, a combined experimental-computational approach was adopted to estimate the dynamic friction coefficient mu of porcine brain matter against metal platens in compressive tests. Cylindrical samples of porcine brain tissue were tested up to 30% strain at variable strain rates, both under bonded and lubricated conditions in the same controlled environment. It was established that mu was equal to 0.09 +/- 0.03, 0.18 +/- 0.04, 0.18 +/- 0.04 and 0.20 +/- 0.02 at strain rates of 1, 30, 60 and 90/s, respectively. Additional tests were also performed to analyze brain tissue under lubricated and bonded conditions, with and without initial contact of the top platen with the brain tissue, with different specimen aspect ratios and with different lubricants (Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Silicon). The test conditions (lubricant used, biological tissue, loading velocity) adopted in this study were similar to the studies conducted by other research groups. This study will help to understand the amount of friction generated during unconfined compression of brain tissue for strain rates of up to 90/s.
Photoexcitation of planar Wannier excitons by twisted photons
Creators: name: Kazinski, P. O.
name: Ryakin, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoexcitation of planar Wannier excitons by twisted photons in thin semiconductor films is investigated. The explicit general formulas for transition probabilities between exciton states are derived. The selection rules for the projection of the total angular momentum are obtained. As examples, the Coulomb and Rytova-Keldysh electron-hole interaction potentials are considered. The use of planar excitons as a pure on-chip source of twisted photons is discussed. The formulas obtained also describe photoexcitation of states of electrons and holes bound to charged impurities in planar semiconductors.
description: 15 pp
Interpretable Quantum Advantage in Neural Sequence Learning
Creators: name: Anschuetz, Eric R.
name: Hu, Hong-Ye
name: Huang, Jin-Long
name: Gao, Xun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum neural networks have been widely studied in recent years, given their potential practical utility and recent results regarding their ability to efficiently express certain classical data. However, analytic results to date rely on assumptions and arguments from complexity theory. Due to this, there is little intuition as to the source of the expressive power of quantum neural networks or for which classes of classical data any advantage can be reasonably expected to hold. Here, we study the relative expressive power between a broad class of neural network sequence models and a class of recurrent models based on Gaussian operations with non-Gaussian measurements. We explicitly show that quantum contextuality is the source of an unconditional memory separation in the expressivity of the two model classes. Additionally, as we are able to pinpoint quantum contextuality as the source of this separation, we use this intuition to study the relative performance of our introduced model on a standard translation data set exhibiting linguistic contextuality. In doing so, we demonstrate that our introduced quantum models are able to outperform state of the art classical models even in practice.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures
The Kitaev honeycomb model on surfaces of genus $g \geq 2$
Creators: name: Brennan, John
name: Vala, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a construction of the Kitaev honeycomb lattice model on an arbitrary higher genus surface. We first generalize the exact solution of the model based on the Jordan-Wigner fermionization to a surface with genus $g = 2$, and then use this as a basic module to extend the solution to lattices of arbitrary genus. We demonstrate our method by calculating the ground states of the model in both the Abelian doubled $\mathbb{Z}_2$ phase and the non-Abelian Ising topological phase on lattices with the genus up to $g = 6$. We verify the expected ground state degeneracy of the system in both topological phases and further illuminate the role of fermionic parity in the Abelian phase.
A Scalable Approach to Large Scale Risk-Averse Distribution Grid Expansion Planning
Creators: name: Moreira, Alexandre
name: Heleno, Miguel
name: Valenzuela, Alan
name: Eto, Joseph H.
name: Ortega, Jaime
name: Botero, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Distribution grid reliability and resilience has become a major topic of concern for utilities and their regulators. In particular, with the increase in severity of extreme events, utilities are considering major investments in distribution grid assets to mitigate the damage of highly impactful outages. Communicating the overall economic and risk-mitigation benefits of these investments to regulators is an important element of the approval process. Today, industry reliability and resilience planning practices are based largely on methods that do not take explicit account of risk. This paper proposes a practical method for identifying optimal combinations of investments in new line segments and storage devices while considering the balance between the risk associated with high impact low probability events and the reliability related to routine failures. We show that this method can be scaled to address large scale networks and demonstrate its benefits using a Target Feeder from the Commonwealth Edison Reliability Program.
description: in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2023
Measurement incompatibility and quantum advantage in communication
Creators: name: Saha, Debashis
name: Das, Debarshi
name: Das, Arun Kumar
name: Bhattacharya, Bihalan
name: Majumdar, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement incompatibility stipulates the existence of quantum measurements that cannot be carried out simultaneously on single systems. We show that the set of input-output probabilities obtained from d-dimensional classical systems assisted with shared randomness is the same as the set obtained from d-dimensional quantum strategies restricted to compatible measurements with shared randomness in any communication scenario. Thus, measurement incompatibility is necessary for quantum advantage in communication, and any quantum advantage (with or without shared randomness) in communication acts as a witness to the incompatibility of the measurements at the receiver's end in a semi-device-independent way. We introduce a class of communication tasks - a general version of random access codes - to witness incompatibility of an arbitrary number of quantum measurements with arbitrary outcomes acting on d-dimensional systems, and provide generic upper bounds on the success metric of these tasks for compatible measurements. We identify all sets of three incompatible rank-one projective qubit measurements that random access codes can witness. Finally, we present the generic relationship between different sets of probability distributions - classical, quantum with or without shared randomness, and quantum restricted to compatible measurements with or without shared randomness - produced in communication scenarios.
description: 18 pages
X-ray crystallography from Metamagnetism in a coordination polymer built of trimeric cobalt units and melamine
Creators: name: Bernabé Vírseda, Ignacio
name: Prado-Roller, Alexander
name: Eisterer, Michael
name: Shiozawa, Hidetsugu
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 340299
subject: Inorganic chemistry not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 340399
subject: Macromolecular and materials chemistry not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 401707
subject: Solid mechanics
classificationCode: 510499
subject: Condensed matter physics not elsewhere classified

description: A coordination polymer of linear trimeric cobalt units and melamine has been synthesized. The magnetic isotherms of violet coloured crystals as long as μm
Hyperfine-induced effects on the linear polarization of the K$α_1$ emission from helium-like ions
Creators: name: Surzhykov, Andrey
name: Litvinov, Yuri A.
name: Stöhlker, Thomas
name: Fritzsche, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linear polarization of the characteristic photon emission from few-electron ions is studied for its sensitivity with regard to the nuclear spin and magnetic moment of the ions. Special attention is paid, in particular, to the K$α_1$ ($1s 2p_{3/2} ^{1,3}P_{1,2} \to 1s^2 ^1S_0$) decay of selected helium-like ions following the radiative electron capture into initially hydrogen-like species. Based on the density matrix theory, a unified description is developed that includes both, the many-electron and hyperfine interactions as well as the multipole-mixing effects arising from the expansion of the radiation field. It is shown that the polarization of the K$α_1$ line can be significantly affected by the mutipole mixing between the leading $M2$ and hyperfine-induced $E1$ components of $1s2p ^3P_2, F_i \to 1s^2 ^1S_0, F_f$ transitions. This $E1$-$M2$ mixing strongly depends on the nuclear properties of the considered isotopes and can be addressed experimentally at existing heavy-ion storage rings.
A Complete Model for R-parity Violation
Creators: name: Csáki, Csaba
name: Heidenreich, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete model whose low energy effective theory is the R-parity violating NMSSM with a baryon number violating udd vertex of the MFV SUSY form, leading to prompt LSP decay and evading the ever stronger LHC bounds on low-scale R-parity conserving supersymmetry. MFV flavor structure is enforced by gauging an SU(3) flavor symmetry at high energies. After the flavor group is spontaneously broken, mass mixing between the standard model fields and heavy vector-like quarks and leptons induces hierarchical Yukawa couplings which depend on the mixing angles. The same mechanism generates the udd coupling, explaining its shared structure. A discrete R-symmetry is imposed which forbids all other dangerous lepton and baryon-number violating operators (including Planck-suppressed operators) and simultaneously solves the mu problem. While flavor constraints require the flavor gauge bosons to be outside of the reach of the LHC, the vector-like top partners could lie below 1 TeV.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures
Minimum Accretion Rate for Millisecond Pulsar Formation in Binary System
Creators: name: Pan, Yuanyue
name: Zhang, Chengmin
name: Wang, Na
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 186 binary pulsars are shown in the magnetic field versus spin period (B-P) dia- gram, and their relations to the millisecond pulsars can be clearly seen. We declaim a minimum accretion rate for the millisecond pulsar formation both from the observation and theory. If the accretion rate is lower than the minimum accretion rate, the pulsar in binary system will not become a millisecond pulsar after the evolution.
description: 2 pages, 1figure
Probabilistic partition of unity networks for high-dimensional regression problems
Creators: name: Fan, Tiffany
name: Trask, Nathaniel
name: D'Elia, Marta
name: Darve, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We explore the probabilistic partition of unity network (PPOU-Net) model in the context of high-dimensional regression problems and propose a general framework focusing on adaptive dimensionality reduction. With the proposed framework, the target function is approximated by a mixture of experts model on a low-dimensional manifold, where each cluster is associated with a local fixed-degree polynomial. We present a training strategy that leverages the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. During the training, we alternate between (i) applying gradient descent to update the DNN coefficients; and (ii) using closed-form formulae derived from the EM algorithm to update the mixture of experts model parameters. Under the probabilistic formulation, step (ii) admits the form of embarrassingly parallelizable weighted least-squares solves. The PPOU-Nets consistently outperform the baseline fully-connected neural networks of comparable sizes in numerical experiments of various data dimensions. We also explore the proposed model in applications of quantum computing, where the PPOU-Nets act as surrogate models for cost landscapes associated with variational quantum circuits.
An efficient neural-network and finite-difference hybrid method for elliptic interface problems with applications
Creators: name: Hu, Wei-Fan
name: Lin, Te-Sheng
name: Tseng, Yu-Hau
name: Lai, Ming-Chih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new and efficient neural-network and finite-difference hybrid method is developed for solving Poisson equation in a regular domain with jump discontinuities on embedded irregular interfaces. Since the solution has low regularity across the interface, when applying finite difference discretization to this problem, an additional treatment accounting for the jump discontinuities must be employed. Here, we aim to elevate such an extra effort to ease our implementation by machine learning methodology. The key idea is to decompose the solution into singular and regular parts. The neural network learning machinery incorporating the given jump conditions finds the singular solution, while the standard five-point Laplacian discretization is used to obtain the regular solution with associated boundary conditions. Regardless of the interface geometry, these two tasks only require supervised learning for function approximation and a fast direct solver for Poisson equation, making the hybrid method easy to implement and efficient. The two- and three-dimensional numerical results show that the present hybrid method preserves second-order accuracy for the solution and its derivatives, and it is comparable with the traditional immersed interface method in the literature. As an application, we solve the Stokes equations with singular forces to demonstrate the robustness of the present method.
Are your data really Pareto distributed?
Creators: name: Cirillo, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Pareto distributions, and power laws in general, have demonstrated to be very useful models to describe very different phenomena, from physics to finance. In recent years, the econophysical literature has proposed a large amount of papers and models justifying the presence of power laws in economic data. Most of the times, this Paretianity is inferred from the observation of some plots, such as the Zipf plot and the mean excess plot. If the Zipf plot looks almost linear, then everything is ok and the parameters of the Pareto distribution are estimated. Often with OLS. Unfortunately, as we show in this paper, these heuristic graphical tools are not reliable. To be more exact, we show that only a combination of plots can give some degree of confidence about the real presence of Paretianity in the data. We start by reviewing some of the most important plots, discussing their points of strength and weakness, and then we propose some additional tools that can be used to refine the analysis.
description: 8 figures; presented at the "Econophysics and Networks Across Scales" workshop at Lorentz Center Leiden in May 2013