cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Overview of TRANSLATE and Results to Date at the 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia
Creators: name: Holmes, Justin
name: Hardt, Steffen
name: Dutta, Satarupa
name: Nedrygailov, Ievgen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: energy harvesting
waste heat
waste heat recovery
nanofluidics
electrochemistry
nanochannels
ion intercalation
Seebeck coefficient

description: Professor Justin Holmes, Professor Steffen Hardt, Dr Satarupa Dutta, and Dr Ievgen Nedrygailov presented at the 80th International Conference of the University of Latvia. Abstract:  While climate change, increasing energy consumption, deteriorated air quality and exhaustion of natural resources represent central economic and social challenges today, the waste heat energy released into the atmosphere is a clean, fuel-free and inexpensive energy source. Seventy per cent of energy generated daily is waste heat. Even though thermoelectric and thermo-electrochemical cells are technologies used to convert waste heat into electrical energy, there does not yet exist a technology for the viable harvesting of low-grade waste heat [1]. This presentation will provide an overview of the EU-funded project ‘TRANSLATE’ which aims to develop a proof-of-concept nanofluidic platform technology based on the flux of ions in nanochannels (Fig. 1) [2]. The work targets innovation in versatile and sustainable energy harvesting and storage [3]. References: [1] Agathokleous, R. et al. Waste Heat Recovery in the EU industry and proposed new technologies. Energy Procedia. 2019, 161, 489-496. [2] Dietzel, M.; Hardt, S. Thermoelectricity in confined liquid electrolytes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2016, 116, 225901. [3] https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/964251
description: TRANSLATE is a €3.4 million EU-funded research project that aims to develop a new nanofluidic platform technology to effectively convert waste heat to electricity. This technology has the potential to improve the energy efficiency of many devices and systems, and provide a radically new zero-emission power source. The TRANSLATE project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 964251, for the action of 'The Recycling of waste heat through the Application of Nanofluidic ChannelS: Advances in the Conversion of Thermal to Electrical energy'. More information can be be found on the TRANSLATE project website: https://translate-energy.eu/
Scaling in transportation networks
Creators: name: Louf, Rémi
name: Roth, Camille
name: Barthelemy, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Subway systems span most large cities, and railway networks most countries in the world. These networks are fundamental in the development of countries and their cities, and it is therefore crucial to understand their formation and evolution. However, if the topological properties of these networks are fairly well understood, how they relate to population and socio-economical properties remains an open question. We propose here a general coarse-grained approach, based on a cost-benefit analysis that accounts for the scaling properties of the main quantities characterizing these systems (the number of stations, the total length, and the ridership) with the substrate's population, area and wealth. More precisely, we show that the length, number of stations and ridership of subways and rail networks can be estimated knowing the area, population and wealth of the underlying region. These predictions are in good agreement with data gathered for about $140$ subway systems and more than $50$ railway networks in the world. We also show that train networks and subway systems can be described within the same framework, but with a fundamental difference: while the interstation distance seems to be constant and determined by the typical walking distance for subways, the interstation distance for railways scales with the number of stations.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. To appear in PLoS One
13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy detection of changes in serine isotopomers reflects changes in mitochondrial redox status
Creators: name: Romney, Doug A.
name: Wolak, Justyna E.
name: Johnson, C. Bryce
name: Holmuhamedov, Ekhson
name: Lee, Haakil
name: Pediaditakis, Peter
name: Gamcsik, Michael P.
name: Tikunov, Andrey P.
name: Macdonald, Jeffrey M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The glycine cleavage system (GCS), the major pathway of glycine catabolism in liver, is found only in the mitochondria matrix and is regulated by the NAD+/NADH ratio. In conjunction with serine hydroxymethyltransferase, glycine forms the 1 and 2 positions of serine, while the 3 position is formed exclusively by GCS. Therefore, we sought to exploit this pathway to show that quantitative measurements of serine isotopomers in liver can be used to monitor the NAD+/NADH ratio using 13C NMR spectroscopy. Rat hepatocytes were treated with modulators of GCS activity followed by addition of 2-13C-glycine, and the changes in the proportions of newly synthesized serine isotopomers were compared to controls. Cysteamine, a competitive inhibitor of GCS, prevented formation of mitochondrial 3-13C-serine and 2,3-13C-serine isotopomers while reducing 2-13C-serine by 55%, demonstrating that ca 20% of glycine-derived serine is produced in the cytosol. Glucagon, which activates GCS activity, and the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) both increased serine isotopomers, while rotenone, an inhibitor of complex I, had the opposite effect. These results demonstrate that 13C MRS monitoring of the formation of serine isotopomers in isolated rat hepatocytes given 2-13C-glycine reflects the changes of mitochondrial redox status.
Observational evidence for buffeting induced kink waves in solar magnetic elements
Creators: name: Stangalini, M.
name: Consolini, G.
name: Berrilli, F.
name: De Michelis, P.
name: Tozzi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of diffuse photospheric magnetic elements in the energy budget of the upper layers of the Sun's atmosphere has been the recent subject of many studies. This was made possible by the availability of high temporal and spatial resolution observations of the solar photosphere, allowing large numbers of magnetic elements to be tracked to study their dynamics. In this work we exploit a long temporal series of seeing-free magnetograms of the solar photosphere to study the effect of the turbulent convection in the excitation of kink oscillations in magnetic elements. We make use of the empirical mode decomposition technique (EMD) in order to study the transverse oscillations of several magnetic flux tubes. This technique permits the analysis of non-stationary time series like those associated to the horizontal velocities of these flux tubes which are continuously advected and dispersed by granular flows. Our primary findings reveal the excitation of low frequency modes of kink oscillations, which are sub-harmonics of a fundamental mode with a $7.6 \pm 0.2$ minute periodicity. These results constitute a strong case for observational proof of the excitation of kink waves by the buffeting of the convection cells in the solar photosphere, and are discussed in light of their possible role in the energy budget of the upper Sun's atmosphere.
description: A&A accepted
Nonlinear elliptic equations and intrinsic potentials of Wolff type
Creators: name: Dat, Cao Tien
name: Verbitsky, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 35J92, 42B37, Secondary 35B09

description: We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of weak solutions to the model equation $$-Δ_p u=σ\, u^q \quad \text{on} \, \, \, \R^n,$$ in the case $00$. These results are new even in the classical case $p=2$. Our approach is based on the use of special nonlinear potentials of Wolff type adapted for "sublinear" problems, and related integral inequalities. It allows us to treat simultaneously several problems of this type, such as equations with general quasilinear operators $\text{div} \, \mathcal{A}(x, \nabla u)$, fractional Laplacians $(-Δ)^α$, or fully nonlinear $k$-Hessian operators.
description: 47 pages
Risk factors for malaria deaths in Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, India: evidence for further action
Creators: name: Hutin, Yvan
name: Shah, Naman K
name: Murhekar, Manoj V
name: Sarkar, Jagannath
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: BackgroundIn 2006, a cluster of malaria deaths in the highly endemic Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, India, led to assignment of additional resources. Malaria deaths decreased, but continued to occur. A study was conducted to identify the risk factors for residual malaria deaths.MethodsMalaria death was defined as a death from fever with microscopically confirmed Plasmodium falciparum among residents of Jalpaiguri during 2007–2008. For each case, three age-, sex- and locality-matched controls were recruited among microscopically confirmed falciparum malaria patients cured during the same period. Clinical and treatment information was abstracted from records. Information about knowledge about malaria, presence of bed nets and DDT spraying was collected through interviews of the close relatives of study subjects. Odds ratio (OR) were calculated using multivariate methods.Results51 malaria deaths were matched with 153 controls, which did not differ by age (median: 35 versus 36 years) and proportion of males (63% versus 63%). On multiple logistic regression analysis, compared with survivors, malaria deaths were more likely to have been admitted with already existing complications [OR = 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6–10)], treated at a private facility (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.2–12), received treatment after 48 hours of fever onset (OR = 14, 95% CI = 2.9–64), received chloroquine (OR = 13.3, 95% CI = 3.7–47). Households of the deceased were also more likely to miss bed nets (OR = 6.3, 95% CI = 1.9–24) and DDT spraying (OR = 9.2, 95% CI = 2.8–31).ConclusionElimination of malaria deaths will require education of providers for prompt referral before complications, engagement of the private sector, community awareness for early treatment as well as scaled-up use of bed nets use and DDT. Use of newer generation anti-malarials must to be generalized.
Intradermal immunization of mice with radiation-attenuated sporozoites of Plasmodium yoelii induces effective protective immunity
Creators: name: Vanderberg, Jerome P
name: Voza, Tatiana
name: Kebaier, Chahnaz
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: BackgroundIntravenous injection of mice with attenuated Plasmodium berghei sporozoites induces sterile immunity to challenge with viable sporozoites. Non-intravenous routes have been reported to yield poor immunity. Because intravenous immunization has been considered to be unacceptable for large scale vaccination of humans, assessment was made of the results of intradermal immunization of mice with Plasmodium yoelii, a rodent malaria parasite whose infectivity resembles that of human malaria.MethodsMice were immunized with two injections of isolated, radiation-attenuated P. yoelii sporozoites, either by intravenous (IV) or intradermal (ID) inoculation. In an attempt to enhance protective immunogenicity of ID-injections, one group of experimental mice received topical application of an adjuvant, Imiquimod, while another group had their injections accompanied by local "tape-stripping" of the skin, a procedure known to disrupt the stratum corneum and activate local immunocytes. Challenge of immunized and non-immunized control mice was by bite of sporozoite-infected mosquitoes. Degree of protection among the various groups of mice was determined by microscopic examination of stained blood smears. Statistical significance of protection was determined by a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test.ResultsTwo intravenous immunizations produced 94% protection to mosquito bite challenge; intradermal immunization produced 78% protection, while intradermal immunization accompanied by "tape-stripping" produced 94% protection. There were no statistically significant differences in degree of protective immunity between immunizations done by intravenous versus intradermal injection.ConclusionsThe use of a sub-microlitre syringe for intradermal injections yielded excellent protective immunity. ID-immunization with large numbers of radiation-attenuated P. yoelii sporozoites led to levels of protective immunity comparable to those achieved by IV-immunization. It remains to be determined whether an adjuvant treatment can be found to substantially reduce the numbers of attenuated sporozoites required to achieve a strong protective immunity with as few doses as possible for possible extension to immunization of humans.
What Gender Does: Decertification of Legal Gender in India
Creators: name: Varman, Nipuna
Publisher: name: feminists@law
Year: 2022

description: This article explores the implications of decertification of legal gender in the Indian context, with a particular focus on the religious sphere. It explores the discourse on gender as it currently exists in India and suggests that imagining a future with no legal gender is a fruitful exercise. The article looks at the conception of gender as property to explore how recognition is granted to such property. It argues that the absolute withdrawal of the State from the sphere of gender may lead to persons being forced to conform to social conceptions of gender. Therefore, it differentiates between the idea of decertification and gender blindness of the State. Additionally, it argues for an approach to the idea of property that does not isolate it but recognises the ideas of interdependency, relational autonomy and non-domination. The effect of decertification on religious institutions in India is firstly understood based on the extent of State control over religion and religious institutions. The article observes that in the Indian context the relationship between the State and religion is to some extent unclear. However, the decertification exercise will make the gendered construction of religious laws difficult to maintain, especially the codified religious laws.
description: feminists@law, Vol 11 No 1 (2022)
Efficacy of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy, Mansa, Zambia
Creators: name: Wiegand, Ryan E
name: Katalenich, Bonnie L
name: Chalwe, Victor
name: Nambozi, Michael
name: Tan, Kathrine R
name: Kamuliwo, Mulakwa
name: Mace, Kimberly E
name: Taylor, Steve M
name: Craig, Allen S
name: Filler, Scott J
name: Meshnick, Steven R
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: BackgroundIntermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) decreases adverse effects of malaria during pregnancy. Zambia implemented its IPTp-SP programme in 2003. Emergence of SP-resistant Plasmodium falciparum threatens this strategy. The quintuple mutant haplotype (substitutions in N51I, C59R, S108N in dhfr and A437G and K540E in dhps genes), is associated with SP treatment failure in non-pregnant patients with malaria. This study examined efficacy of IPTp-SP and presence of the quintuple mutant among pregnant women in Mansa, Zambia.MethodsIn Mansa, an area with high malaria transmission, HIV-negative pregnant women presenting to two antenatal clinics for the 1st dose of IPTp-SP with asymptomatic parasitaemia were enrolled and microscopy for parasitaemia was done weekly for five weeks. Outcomes were parasitological failure and adequate parasitological response (no parasitaemia during follow-up). Polymerase chain reaction assays were employed to distinguish recrudescence from reinfection, and identify molecular markers of SP resistance. Survival analysis included those who had reinfection and incomplete follow-up (missed at least one follow-up).ResultsOf the 109 women included in the study, 58 (53%) completed all follow-up, 34 (31%) had incomplete follow-up, and 17 (16%) were lost to follow-up after day 0. Of those who had complete follow-up, 15 (26%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [16–38]) had parasitological failure. For the 92 women included in the survival analysis, median age was 20years (interquartile range [IQR] 18–22), median gestational age was 22weeks (IQR range 20–24), and 57% were primigravid. There was no difference in time to failure in primigravid versus multigravid women. Of the 84 women with complete haplotype data for the aforementioned loci of the dhfr and dhps genes, 53 (63%, 95% CI [50–70]) had quintuple mutants (two with an additional mutation in A581G of dhps). Among women with complete follow-up and quintuple mutants, 22% had parasitological failure versus 0% without (p = 0.44).ConclusionsWhile underpowered, this study found 26% failure rates of SP given the moderate prevalence of the quintuple mutant haplotype. Despite the presence of resistance, SP retained some efficacy in clearing parasites in pregnant women, and may remain a viable option for IPTp in Zambia.
A non-equilibrium equation-of-motion approach to quantum transport utilizing projection operators
Creators: name: Ochoa, Maicol A.
name: Galperin, Michael
name: Ratner, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a projection operator approach to the non-equilbrium Green function equation-of-motion (PO-NEGF EOM) method. The technique resolves problems of arbitrariness in truncation of an infinite chain of EOMs, and prevents violation of symmetry relations resulting from the truncation. The approach, originally developed by Tserkovnikov [Theor. Math. Phys. 118, 85 (1999)] for equilibrium systems, is reformulated to be applicable to time-dependent non-equilibrium situations. We derive a canonical form of EOMs, thus explicitly demonstrating a proper result for the non-equilibrium atomic limit in junction problems. A simple practical scheme applicable to quantum transport simulations is formulated. We perform numerical simulations within simple models, and compare results of the approach to other techniques, and (where available) also to exact results.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
The impact of lipid-based nutrient supplementation on anti-malarial antibodies in pregnant women in a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Dewey, Kathryn G
name: Fowkes, Freya JI
name: Taylor, Steve M
name: Fan, Yue-Mei
name: Rogerson, Stephen J
name: Langer, Christine
name: Maleta, Kenneth
name: Chandrasiri, Upeksha P
name: Richards, Jack S
name: Ashorn, Per
name: Beeson, James G
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundMalaria and undernutrition frequently coexist, especially in pregnant women and young children. Nutrient supplementation of these vulnerable groups might reduce their susceptibility to malaria by improving immunity.MethodsAntibody immunity to antigens expressed by a placental-binding parasite isolate, a non-placental binding parasite isolate, merozoites and schizonts at enrolment (before 20 gestation weeks) and at 36 gestation weeks were measured in 1,009 Malawian pregnant women receiving a daily lipid-based nutrient supplement, multiple micronutrients or iron and folic acid, who were participants in a randomized clinical trial assessing the effects of nutrient supplementation on pregnancy outcomes and child development(registration ID: NCT01239693).ResultsAntibodies to placental-binding isolates significantly increased while antibodies to most merozoite antigens declined over pregnancy. Overall, after adjustment for covariates, the type of supplementation did not influence antibody levels at 36 gestation weeks or the rate of change in antibody levels from enrolment to 36 weeks. A negative association between maternal body mass index and opsonizing antibodies to placental-binding antigens (coefficient (95% CI) -1.04 (−1.84, −0.24), was observed. Similarly, women with higher socioeconomic status had significantly lower IgG and opsonizing antibodies to placental-binding antigens. Neither of these associations was significantly influenced by the supplementation type.ConclusionsIn the current cohort nutrient supplementation did not affect anti-malarial antibody responses, but poor and undernourished mothers should be a priority group in future trials.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0707-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Determining stellar macroturbulence using asteroseismic rotational velocities from Kepler
Creators: name: Doyle, Amanda P.
name: Davies, Guy R.
name: Smalley, Barry
name: Chaplin, William J.
name: Elsworth, Yvonne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect observed for transiting exoplanets often requires prior knowledge of the stellar projected equatorial rotational velocity. This is usually provided by measuring the broadening of spectral lines, however this method has uncertainties as lines are also broadened by velocity fields in the stellar photosphere known as macroturbulence. We have estimated accurate rotational velocity values from asteroseismic analyses of main sequence stars observed by Kepler. The rotational frequency splittings of the detected solar-like oscillations of these stars are determined largely by the near-surface rotation. These estimates have been used to infer the macroturbulence values for 28 Kepler stars. Out of this sample, 26 stars were used along with the Sun to obtain a new calibration between macroturbulence, effective temperature and surface gravity. The new calibration is valid for the temperature range 5200 to 6400 K and the gravity range 4.0 to 4.6 dex. A comparison is also provided with previous macroturbulence calibrations. As a result of this work, macroturbulence, and thus rotational velocity, can now be determined with confidence for stars that do not have asteroseismic data available. We present new spectroscopic rotational velocity values for the WASP planet host stars, using high resolution HARPS spectra.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Ethical challenges in conducting research in humanitarian crisis situations
Creators: name: Muula, A
name: Masiye, F
name: Mfutso-Bengo, J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Research is vital to accurately describe phenomena in humanitarian emergency situations and to evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of interventions. Although the ethical principles of justice, beneficence and respect for autonomy/ respect for persons should be upheld in research, their application in emergency situations may differ from non-emergency situations. Just like in non-emergency situations, research in emergency situations should be conducted in the best interest of the victims or future victims. The research should not unnecessarily expose human subjects and the researcher to careless harm, and should be of adequate scientific rigor. Victims of emergency situations are vulnerable populations that need special protection from exploitation. Technical competency to conduct research in emergency situations should include the ability to conduct a fair risk-benefit assessment in order to come up with a risk management plan, and being culturally sensitive to the needs of the victims of the humanitarian crisis. In emergency situations, the roles of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) may have to be modified without compromising the ethical standards that health researchers have globally attempted to achieve.
Socio-demographic characteristics associated with HIV and syphilis seroreactivity among pregnant women in Blantyre, Malawi, 2000-2004
Creators: name: Rogerson, SJ
name: Kwiek, JJ
name: Muula, AS
name: Alker, AP
name: Meshnick, SR
name: Molyneux, ME
name: Mwapasa, V
name: Behets, FM
name: Misiri, HE
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We aimed to evaluate socio-demographic factors associated with HIV and syphilis seroreactivity in pregnant Malawians presenting for antenatal care in late third trimester of pregnancy.
Novel magneto-electric multiferroics from first-principles
Creators: name: Varignon, Julien
name: Bristowe, Nicholas C.
name: Bousquet, Eric
name: Ghosez, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interest in first-principles calculations within the multiferroic community has been rapidly on the rise over the last decade. Initially considered as a powerful support to explain experimentally observed behaviours, the trend has evolved and, nowadays, density functional theory calculations has become also an essential predicting tool for identifying original rules to achieve multiferroism and design new magneto-electric compounds. This chapter aims to highlight the key advances in the field of multiferroics for which first-principles methods have contributed significantly. The essential theoretical developments that made this search possible are also briefly presented.
Exploring the feasibility of engaging Traditional Birth Attendants in a prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission program in Lilongwe, Malawi
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: To investigate the willingness of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) to provide single dose antiretroviral prophylaxis to infants born to mothers with HIV and the feasibility of providing the TBAs with antiretroviral medication.
Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) screening, case and contact treatment, and condom promotion resulting in STI Reduction two years later in rural Malawi
Creators: name: Feluzi, H
name: Hoffman, I
name: deGraft-J, J
name: Bisika, T
name: Kazembe, P
name: Paz-Soldan, VA
name: Tsui, AO
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: As part of a longitudinal cohort study in rural Malawi in 2000, 469 men and 758 women were asked to respond to a series of surveys, were tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia, and received their results and treatment, if applicable, for themselves and up to 2 partners if positive for either sexually transmitted infection (STI). Two years later, in 2002, 328 men and 525 women were again asked to respond to survey questions, tested again for gonorrhea and chlamydia, and were also tested for HIV - of these, 247 men and 453 women had also given urine samples in 2000. In 2000, the gonorrhea and chlamydia prevalence was 6.2% and 5.8% among men, and 3.6% and 4.9% among women. Two years later, prevalence of gonorrhea and chlamydia was 0.7% and 1.4% among men, and 1.3% and 1.1% among women. Although we did not test for HIV in the first round, the HIV prevalence in 2002 was 19.2%. The implications of the findings are discussed in the context of interventions for STI prevention and to reduce HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa.
Utilization of family members to provide hospital care in Malawi: the role of hospital guardians
Creators: name: Mofolo, I
name: Salima, C
name: Hoffman, M
name: Hoffman, I
name: Zadrozny, S
name: Martinson, F
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Like most of sub-Saharan Africa, Malawi suffers from a paucity of human resources in the health sector. With an average of one physician for every 50,000 persons, and a health care professional to in-patient population ratio of 1:277, patient care suffers. At Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) of Lilongwe, Malawi, family members, termed Hospital Guardians, are utilized to provide basic care for patients. The aim of our study is to characterize this population and explore their role in the health care system of KCH.
Competition and evolution in restricted space
Creators: name: Forgerini, Fabricio L.
name: Crokidakis, Nuno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the competition and the evolution of nodes embedded in Euclidean restricted spaces. The population evolves by a branching process in which new nodes are generated when up to two new nodes are attached to the previous ones at each time unit. The competition in the population is introduced by considering the effect of overcrowding of nodes in the embedding space. The branching process is suppressed if the newborn node is closer than a distance $ξ$ of the previous nodes. This rule may be relevant to describe a competition for resources, limiting the density of individuals and therefore the total population. This results in an exponential growth in the initial period, and, after some crossover time, approaching some limiting value. Our results show that the competition among the nodes associated with geometric restrictions can even, for certain conditions, lead the entire population to extinction.
Assessment of laboratory test utilization for HIV/AIDS care in urban ART clinics of Lilongwe, Malawi
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The 2011 Malawi HIV guidelines promote CD4 monitoring for pre-ART assessment and considering HIVRNA monitoring for ART response assessment, while some clinics used CD4 for both. We assessed clinical ordering practices as compared to guidelines, and determined whether the samples were successfully and promptly processed.
Observing Shape in Spacetime
Creators: name: Gryb, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The notion of "reference frame" is a central theoretical construct for interpreting the physical implications of spacetime diffeomorphism invariance in General Relativity. However, the alternative formulation of classical General Relativity known as Shape Dynamics suggest that a subset of spacetime diffeomorphisms - namely hypersurface deformations - are, in a certain sense, dual to spatial conformal (or Weyl) invariance. Moreover, holographic gauge/gravity dualities suggest that bulk spacetime diffeomorphism invariance can be replaced by the properties of boundary CFTs. How can these new frameworks be compatible with the traditional notion of reference frame so fundamental to our interpretation of General Relativity? In this paper, we address this question by investigating the classical case of maximally symmetric spacetimes with a positive cosmological constant. We find that it is possible to define a notion of "Shape Observer" that represents a conformal reference frame that is dual to the notion of inertial reference frame in spacetime. We then provide a precise dictionary relating the two notions. These Shape Observers are holographic in the sense that they are defined on the asymptotic conformal boundaries of spacetime but know about bulk physics. This leads to a first principles derivation of an exact classical holographic correspondence that can easily be generalized to more complicated situations and may lead to insights regarding the interpretation of the conformal invariance manifest in Shape Dynamics.
description: 23 pages including 3 figures + title pages, references and appendices
Transitional Jobs: Overcoming Barriers to Employment
Creators: name: Coppock, Abigail
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007

description: Despite declining rates of U.S. unemployment, employment remains difficult for subsets of the American population, particularly among current and former welfare recipients, people with criminal records, and youth. Although past policy has tried to help these individuals into the labor market, largely through various programs addressing supply-side factors, barriers to employment still persist. The transitional jobs strategy is an effective solution that works with employers on the supply and demand sides to bridge the gap and transition individuals into the labor market.
Frame-like gauge invariant Lagrangian formulation of massive fermionic higher spin fields in AdS_3 space
Creators: name: Buchbinder, I. L.
name: Snegirev, T. V.
name: Zinoviev, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the frame-like gauge-invariant Lagrangian formulation for massive fermionic arbitrary spin fields in three-dimensional $AdS$ space. The Lagrangian and complete set of gauge transformations are obtained. We also develop the formalism of gauge-invariant curvatures for the massive theory under consideration and show how the Lagrangian is formulated in their terms. The massive spin-5/2 field is discussed as an example.
description: 11 pages, no figures
Environmental risk factors for oesophageal cancer in Malawi: A case-control study
Creators: name: Wolf, LL
name: Shaheen, NJ
name: Hosseinipour, MC
name: Mlombe, YB
name: Shores, CG
name: Chisi, J
name: Dzamalala, CP
name: Challulu, K
name: Rosenberg, NE
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: There is a high burden of oesophageal cancer in Malawi with dismal outcomes. It is not known whether environmental factors are associated with oesophageal cancer. Without knowing this critical information, prevention interventions are not possible. The purpose of this analysis was to explore environmental factors associated with oesophageal cancer in the Malawian context.
High-Energy Properties of the Enigmatic Be Star gamma Cassiopeiae
Creators: name: Shrader, C. R.
name: Hamaguchi, K.
name: Sturner, S. J.
name: Oskinova, L. M.
name: Almeyda, T.
name: Petre, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a broad-band X-ray study of the enigmatic Be star Gamma Cassiopeiae (herein gamma Cas) based on observations made with both the Suzaku and INTEGRAL observatories. gamma Cas has long been recognized as the prototypical example of a small subclass of Be stars with moderately strong X-ray emission dominated by a hot thermal component in the 0.5-12 keV energy range Lx ~ 10^32 - 10^33 erg s^-1. This places them at the high end of the known luminosity distribution for stellar emission, but several orders of magnitude below typical accretion powered Be X-ray binaries. The INTEGRAL observations spanned an 8 year baseline and represent the deepest measurement to date at energies above ~50 keV. We find that the INTEGRAL data are consistent within statistics to a constant intensity source above 20 keV, with emission extending up to ~100 keV and that searches for all of the previously reported periodicities of the system at lower energies led to null results. We further find that our combined Suzaku and INTEGRAL spectrum, which we suggest is the most accurate broad-band X-ray measurement of gamma Cas to date, is fitted extremely well with a thermal plasma emission model with a single absorption component. We found no compelling need for an additional non-thermal high-energy component. We discuss these results in the context of a currently favored models for gamma Cas and its analogs.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Maximizing HIV partner notification opportunities for index patients and their sexual partners in Malawi
Creators: name: Brown, L
name: Nyirenda, N
name: Kamanga, G
name: Jawati, P
name: Chiwanda, D
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is important to effect positive sexual behaviour change and is an entry point to treatment, care, and psychosocial support. One of the most practical initiatives to increase HTC is to encourage sexual partners of HIV-infected persons to test for HIV. However, partner notification strategies must be feasible in the healthcare setting and acceptable to the population.
The Mott transition in the strong coupling perturbation theory
Creators: name: Sherman, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the strong coupling diagram technique a self-consistent equation for the electron Green's function is derived for the repulsive Hubbard model. Terms of two lowest orders of the ratio of the bandwidth $Δ$ to the Hubbard repulsion $U$ are taken into account in the irreducible part of the Larkin equation. The obtained equation is shown to retain causality and gives the correct result in the limit $U\rightarrow 0$. Calculations were performed for the semi-elliptical initial band. It is shown that the approximation describes the Mott transition, which occurs at $U_c=\sqrt{3}Δ/2$. This value coincides with that obtained in the Hubbard-III approximation. At small deviations from half-filling the density of states shifts along the frequency axis without perceptible changes in its shape. For larger deviations the density of states is modified: it is redistributed in favor of the subband, in which the Fermi level is located, and for $U>U_c$ the Mott gap disappears.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Pathologically confirmed breast cancer in Malawi: a descriptive study: Clinical profile of breast cancer
Creators: name: Kohler, RE
name: Moses, A
name: Krysiak, R
name: Liomba, NG
name: Gopal, S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in Africa, yet no published studies have investigated breast cancer in Malawi. Understanding the clinical profile of breast cancer is important to develop early diagnosis efforts.
Review: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Mabedi, C
name: Shores, CG
name: Gopal, S
name: Faggons, CE
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Review the literature from 1990 to 2013 to determine known anatomic sites, risk factors, treatments, and outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in sub-Saharan Africa.
Erratum to: Status and access to the Collaborative Cross population (Mammalian Genome (2012) 23, (706-712) DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9410-6)
Creators: name: de Villena, Fernando Pardo-Manuel
name: Morahan, Grant
name: Mott, Richard
name: Welsh, Catherine E.
name: Threadgill, David W.
name: McMillan, Leonard
name: Iraqi, Fuad A.
name: Wang, Jeremy
name: Manly, Kenneth F.
name: Miller, Darla R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a panel of recombinant inbred lines derived from eight genetically diverse laboratory inbred strains. Recently, the genetic architecture of the CC population was reported based on the genotype of a single male per line, and other publications reported incompletely inbred CC mice that have been used to map a variety of traits. The three breeding sites, in the US, Israel, and Australia, are actively collaborating to accelerate the inbreeding process through marker-assisted inbreeding and to expedite community access of CC lines deemed to have reached defined thresholds of inbreeding. Plans are now being developed to provide access to this novel genetic reference population through distribution centers. Here we provide a description of the distribution efforts by the University of North Carolina Systems Genetics Core, Tel Aviv University, Israel and the University of Western Australia.
Classical and Quantum Plasmonics in Graphene Nanodisks: the Role of Edge States
Creators: name: Christensen, Thomas
name: Wang, Weihua
name: Jauho, Antti-Pekka
name: Wubs, Martijn
name: Mortensen, N. Asger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Edge states are ubiquitous for many condensed matter systems with multicomponent wave functions. For example, edge states play a crucial role in transport in zigzag graphene nanoribbons. Here, we report microscopic calculations of quantum plasmonics in doped graphene nanodisks with zigzag edges. We express the nanodisk conductivity $σ(ω)$ as a sum of the conventional bulk conductivity $σ_{\scriptscriptstyle\text{B}}(ω)$, and a novel term $σ_{\scriptscriptstyle\text{E}}(ω)$, corresponding to a coupling between the edge and bulk states. We show that the edge states give rise to a red-shift and broadening of the plasmon resonance, and that they often significantly impact the absorption efficiency. We further develop simplified models, incorporating nonlocal response within a hydrodynamical approach, which allow a semiquantitative description of plasmonics in the ultrasmall size regime. However, the polarization dependence is only given by fully microscopic models. The approach developed here should have many applications in other systems supporting edge states.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF CEMENT CONCRETE PARTIALY REPLACED BY SILCA FUME AND FLY ASH
Creators: name: Khoso, Salim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400504
subject: Construction engineering
classificationCode: 400505
subject: Construction materials
classificationCode: 400510
subject: Structural engineering

description: The aim of this research work is to investigate the optimum replacement of cement by silica fume and fly ash and to calculate the compressive strength of concrete. The cement has been replaced by fly ash and Silica fume varying in different percentage like 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by weight of cement. Concrete specimens of ratios 1:2:4 and 1:1.5:3 were prepared, cured, tested and compared in term of compressive and split tensile strength with the traditional concrete. Tests were conducted to calculate the mechanical properties for the concrete ranging from 7, 14 and 28 days curing both for compressive and split tensile strength. It has been observed that the compressive strength increases when cement is replaced 10% by Silica fume and Fly ash. However, the compressive strength is gradually reduced when the cement replaced more than 10%. The effect of Silica fume and Fly ash on various other concrete properties has also been investigated in this paper. It has also been observed that the use of Silica fume and Fly ash not only improve the various properties of concrete but could also be economical in cost of construction.
Manual therapy directed at the knee or lumbopelvic region does not influence quadriceps spinal reflex excitability
Creators: name: Kerrigan, D. Casey
name: Patrie, James T.
name: Hertel, Jay
name: Grindstaff, Terry L.
name: Ingersoll, Christopher D.
name: Sauer, Lindsay D.
name: Pietrosimone, Brian G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Manual therapies, directed to the knee and lumbopelvic region, have demonstrated the ability to improve neuromuscular quadriceps function in individuals with knee pathology. It remains unknown if manual therapies may alter impaired spinal reflex excitability, thus identifying a potential mechanism in which manual therapy may improve neuromuscular function following knee injury.
Applications of Chemical Shift Imaging to Marine Sciences
Creators: name: Tikunov, Andrey
name: Stoskopf, Michael K.
name: Macdonald, Jeffrey M.
name: Lee, Haakil
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The successful applications of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in medicine are mostly due to the non-invasive and non-destructive nature of MRI techniques. Longitudinal studies of humans and animals are easily accomplished, taking advantage of the fact that MRI does not use harmful radiation that would be needed for plain film radiographic, computerized tomography (CT) or positron emission (PET) scans. Routine anatomic and functional studies using the strong signal from the most abundant magnetic nucleus, the proton, can also provide metabolic information when combined with in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS can be performed using either protons or hetero-nuclei (meaning any magnetic nuclei other than protons or 1H) including carbon (13C) or phosphorus (31P). In vivo MR spectra can be obtained from single region of interest (ROI or voxel) or multiple ROIs simultaneously using the technique typically called chemical shift imaging (CSI). Here we report applications of CSI to marine samples and describe a technique to study in vivo glycine metabolism in oysters using 13C MRS 12 h after immersion in a sea water chamber dosed with [2-13C]-glycine. This is the first report of 13C CSI in a marine organism.
A inserção de alimentos da sociobiodiversidade na alimentação escolar no contexto da segurança alimentar e nutricional: uma revisão bibliográfica
Creators: name: HIGOR BRENNER BORGES
name: GEOVANNA GUIMARÃES SILVA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: ¹,² Graduado em Nutrição, Centro Universitário Una, 2022.
Metabolomic Investigations of American Oysters Using 1H-NMR Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Johnson, Christopher B.
name: Stoskopf, Michael K.
name: Macdonald, Jeffrey M.
name: Lee, Haakil
name: Tikunov, Andrey P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is a useful, robust model marine organism for tissue metabolism studies. Its relatively few organs are easily delineated and there is sufficient understanding of their functions based on classical assays to support interpretation of advanced spectroscopic approaches. Here we apply high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomic analysis to C. virginica to investigate the differences in the metabolic profile of different organ groups, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to non-invasively identify the well separated organs. Metabolites were identified in perchloric acid extracts of three portions of the oyster containing: (1) adductor muscle, (2) stomach and digestive gland, and (3) mantle and gills. Osmolytes dominated the metabolome in all three organ blocks with decreasing concentration as follows: betaine > taurine > proline > glycine > ß-alanine > hypotaurine. Mitochondrial metabolism appeared most pronounced in the adductor muscle with elevated levels of carnitine facilitating ß-oxidation, and ATP, and phosphoarginine synthesis, while glycogen was elevated in the mantle/gills and stomach/digestive gland. A biochemical schematic is presented that relates metabolites to biochemical pathways correlated with physiological organ functions. This study identifies metabolites and corresponding 1H NMR peak assignments for future NMR-based metabolomic studies in oysters.