cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Ionospheric Densities Using Coincident OII 83.4 nm Airglow and the Millstone Hill Radar
Creators: name: Douglas, Ewan S.
name: Smith, Steve M.
name: Stephan, Andrew W.
name: Cashman, Lauren
name: Bishop, Rebecca L.
name: Budzien, Scott A.
name: Christensen, Andrew B.
name: Hecht, James H.
name: Chakrabarti, Supriya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the utility of the OII 83.4 nm emission feature as a measure of ionospheric parameters. Observed with the Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS) Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph on the International Space Station (ISS), limb profiles of 83.4 nm emissions are compared to predicted dayglow emission profiles from a theoretical model incorporating ground-based electron density profiles measured by the Millstone Hill radar and parameterized by a best-fit Chapman-α function. Observations and models are compared for periods of conjunction between Millstone Hill and the RAIDS fields-of-view. These RAIDS observations show distinct differences in topside morphology between two days, 15 January and 10 March 2010, closely matching the forward model morphology and demonstrating that 83.4 nm emission is sensitive to changes in the ionospheric density profile from the 340 km altitude of the ISS during solar minimum. We find no significant difference between 83.4 nm emission profiles modeled assuming a constant scale height Chapman-α best-fit to the ISR measurements and those assuming varying scale height.
Simulating the shock dynamics of a neutron star accretion column
Creators: name: Abolmasov, Pavel
name: Lipunova, Galina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion onto a highly-magnetised neutron star runs through a magnetospheric flow, where the plasma follows the magnetic field lines in the force-free regime. The flow entering the magnetosphere is accelerated by the gravity of the star and then abruptly decelerated in a shock located above the surface of the star. For large enough mass accretion rates, most of the radiation comes from the radiation-pressure-dominated region below the shock, known as accretion column. Though the one-dimensional, stationary structure of this flow has been studied for many years, its global dynamics was hardly ever considered before. Considering the time-dependent structure of an accretion column allows us to test the stability of the existing stationary analytic solution, as well as its possible variability modes, and check the validity of its boundary conditions. Using a conservative scheme, we perform one-dimensional time-dependent simulations of an ideal radiative MHD flow inside an aligned dipolar magnetosphere. Whenever thermal pressure locally exceeds magnetic pressure, the flow is assumed to lose mass. Position of the shock agrees well with the theoretical predictions below a limit likely associated with advection effects: if more than $2/3$ of the released power is advected with the flow, the analytic solution becomes self-inconsistent, and the column starts leaking at a finite height. Depending on the geometry, this breakdown may broaden the column, mass-load the field lines, and produce radiation-driven, mildly relativistic ejecta. Evolving towards the equilibrium position, the shock front experiences damped oscillations at a frequency close to the inverse sound propagation time.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures; published in "MNRAS"
Neutrino masses and mixing in $A_5$ with flavour antisymmetry
Creators: name: Joshipura, Anjan S
name: Nath, Newton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss consequences of assuming that the (Majorana) neutrino mass matrix $M_ν$ and the charged lepton mass matrix $M_l$ satisfy, $S_ν^T M_νS_ν=-M_ν~,T_l^\dagger M_lM_l^\dagger T_l=M_lM_l^\dagger$ with respect to some discrete groups $S_ν,T_l$ contained in $A_5$. These assumptions lead to a neutrino mass spectrum with two degenerate and one massless neutrino and also constrain mixing among them. We derive possible mixing patterns following from the choices $S_ν=Z_2,~ Z_2\times Z_2$ and $T_l=Z_2, ~ Z_2\times Z_2, ~Z_3, ~Z_5$ as subgroups of $A_5$. One predicts the maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing angle $θ_{23}$ and $μ$-$τ$ reflection symmetry in large number of cases but it is also possible to obtain non-maximal values for $θ_{23}$. Only the third column of the neutrino mixing matrix can be obtained at the leading order due to degeneracy in masses of two of the neutrinos. We take up a specific example within $A_5$ group and identify Higgs vacuum expectations values which realize the above assumptions. Non-leading terms present in this example are shown to lead to splitting among degenerate pairs and a consistent description of both neutrino masses and mixing angles.
description: 18 pages
Additional file 1 of Promises and pitfalls in implementation science from the perspective of US-based researchers: learning from a pre-mortem
Creators: name: Beidas, Rinad S.
name: Dorsey, Shannon
name: Lewis, Cara C.
name: Lyon, Aaron R.
name: Powell, Byron J.
name: Purtle, Jonathan
name: Saldana, Lisa
name: Shelton, Rachel C.
name: Stirman, Shannon Wiltsey
name: Lane-Fall, Meghan B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Details about the pre-mortem exercise.
Different Effects of Thrombin on VEGF Secretion, Proliferation, and Permeability in Polarized and Non-polarized Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Terasaki, Hiroto
name: Shirasawa, Makoto
name: Otsuka, Hiroki
name: Yamashita, Takehiro
name: Uchino, Eisuke
name: Hisatomi, Toshio
name: Sonoda, Shozo
name: Sakamoto, Taiji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: We investigated the effect of thrombin on the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on cellular proliferation, and on the integrity of the barrier function of polarized retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In addition, we compared the responses of polarized to that of non-polarized RPE cells. Porcine polarized RPE cells were established using Transwell membranes. The polarization of the RPE cells was determined by their high transepithelial electrical resistance (TER > 200 Ω cm2) and by their differential secretion of VEGF (basal direction >apical direction by 2.5×). RPE cells were incubated with thrombin (5–20 U/ml) for 24 h. The concentration of VEGF in the culture medium was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the TER was measured. Cellular proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 immunostaining. The area of laser-induced choroidal naovascularization (CNV) was measured in rat eyes and compare to that of controls with or without thrombin. Our results showed that thrombin significantly increased VEGF secretion both in polarized and non-polarized RPE cells in a dose-dependent way. Thrombin did not significantly affect the TER or the expression of tight-junctional proteins in polarized RPE cells, but decreased it in non-polarized RPE cells by inducing intercellular gaps. Ki-67-positive cells were observed in non-polarized RPE cells but not in polarized RPE cells as controls. After thrombin exposure, the number of Ki-67-positive cells increased significantly in non-polarized RPE cells but not in polarized RPE cells. The area of CNV was larger in thrombin-injected eye than control eyes. Although thrombin increased VEGF secretion regardless of cell polarity, its effects on proliferation and barrier integrity were dependent upon cell polarity. Cell polarization is an important factor for determining the response of RPE cells to thrombin, and the different responsive patterns to thrombin upon cell polarity might explain the complicated pathology of such diseases as age-related macular degeneration.
Deep learning-based algorithm for assessment of knee osteoarthritis severity in radiographs matches performance of radiologists
Creators: name: Swiecicki, Albert
name: Li, Nianyi
name: O'Donnell, Jonathan
name: Said, Nicholas
name: Yang, Jichen
name: Mather, Richard C.
name: Jiranek, William A.
name: Mazurowski, Maciej A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A fully-automated deep learning algorithm matched performance of radiologists in assessment of knee osteoarthritis severity in radiographs using the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system. To develop an automated deep learning-based algorithm that jointly uses Posterior-Anterior (PA) and Lateral (LAT) views of knee radiographs to assess knee osteoarthritis severity according to the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system. We used a dataset of 9739 exams from 2802 patients from Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST). The dataset was divided into a training set of 2040 patients, a validation set of 259 patients and a test set of 503 patients. A novel deep learning-based method was utilized for assessment of knee OA in two steps: (1) localization of knee joints in the images, (2) classification according to the KL grading system. Our method used both PA and LAT views as the input to the model. The scores generated by the algorithm were compared to the grades provided in the MOST dataset for the entire test set as well as grades provided by 5 radiologists at our institution for a subset of the test set. The model obtained a multi-class accuracy of 71.90% on the entire test set when compared to the ratings provided in the MOST dataset. The quadratic weighted Kappa coefficient for this set was 0.9066. The average quadratic weighted Kappa between all pairs of radiologists from our institution who took a part of study was 0.748. The average quadratic-weighted Kappa between the algorithm and the radiologists at our institution was 0.769. The proposed model performed demonstrated equivalency of KL classification to MSK radiologists, but clearly superior reproducibility. Our model also agreed with radiologists at our institution to the same extent as the radiologists with each other. The algorithm could be used to provide reproducible assessment of knee osteoarthritis severity.
In-situ Optimized Substrate Witness Plates: Ground Truth for Key Processes on the Moon and Other Planets
Creators: name: Saxena, Prabal
name: Morrissey, Liam S.
name: Killen, Rosemary M.
name: McLain, Jason L.
name: Yeo, Li Hsia
name: Curran, Natalie M.
name: Abraham, Nithin S.
name: Graham, Heather V.
name: Tucker, Orenthal J.
name: Sarantos, Menelaos
name: Regberg, Aaron B.
name: Pugel, Diane E.
name: Needham, Andrew W.
name: Hasegawa, Mark
name: Wong, Alfred J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future exploration efforts of the Moon, Mars and other bodies are poised to focus heavily on persistent and sustainable survey and research efforts, especially given the recent interest in a long-term sustainable human presence at the Moon. Key to these efforts is understanding a number of important processes on the lunar surface for both scientific and operational purposes. We discuss the potential value of in-situ artificial substrate witness plates, powerful tools that can supplement familiar remote sensing and sample acquisition techniques and provide a sustainable way of monitoring processes in key locations on planetary surfaces while maintaining a low environmental footprint. These tools, which we call Biscuits, can use customized materials as wide ranging as zircon-based spray coatings to metals potentially usable for surface structures, to target specific processes/questions as part of a small, passive witness plate that can be flexibly placed with respect to location and total time duration. We examine and discuss unique case studies to show how processes such as water presence/transport, presence and contamination of biologically relevant molecules, solar activity related effects, and other processes can be measured using Biscuits. Biscuits can yield key location sensitive, time integrated measurements on these processes to inform scientific understanding of the Moon and enable operational goals in lunar exploration. While we specifically demonstrate this on a simulated traverse and for selected examples, we stress all groups interested in planetary surfaces should consider these adaptable, low footprint and highly informative tools for future exploration.
description: Accepted to Earth and Space Science, Will be updated upon publication
Band gap tuning and orbital mediated electron phonon coupling in $HoFe_{1-x}Cr_xO_3$
Creators: name: Kotnana, Ganesh
name: Jammalamadaka, S. Narayana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the evidenced orbital mediated electron phonon coupling and band gap tuning in HoFe1-xCrxO3 compounds. From the room temperature Raman scattering, it is apparent that the electron-phonon coupling is sensitive to the presence of both the Fe and Cr at the B-site. Essentially, an Ag like local oxygen breathing mode is activated due to the charge transfer between Fe3+ - Cr3+ at around 670 cm-1, this observation is explained on the basis of Franck-Condon (FC) mechanism. Optical absorption studies infer that there exists a direct band gap in the HoFe1-xCrxO3 compounds. Decrease in band gap until x = 0.5 is ascribed to the broadening of the oxygen p orbitals as a result of the induced spin disorder due to Fe3+ and Cr3+ at B site. In contrast, the increase in band gap above x = 0.5 is explained on the basis of the reduction in the available unoccupied d - orbitals of Fe3+ at the conduction band. We believe that above results would be helpful for the development of the optoelectronic devices based on the ortho-ferrites.
Additional file 1 of Metacells untangle large and complex single-cell transcriptome networks
Creators: name: Bilous, Mariia
name: Tran, Loc
name: Cianciaruso, Chiara
name: Gabriel, Aurélie
name: Michel, Hugo
name: Carmona, Santiago J.
name: Pittet, Mikael J.
name: Gfeller, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Fig S1. Metacells are compatible with UMAP visualization. Fig S2. Metacell size and gene coverage distributions. Fig S3. Metacells recover rare cell types. Fig S4. Metacells preserve clustering. Fig S5. Metacells are compatible with unweighted clustering. Fig S6. Clustering of metacells is robust to different ways of building metacells. Fig S7. Metacells are compatible with unweighted differential expression analysis. Fig S8. Differential expression of metacells is robust to different ways of building metacells. Fig S9. Metacells preserve differential expression between conditions. Fig S10. Gating strategy for the flow cytometry analysis of DCs from murine KP1.9 lung adenocarcinoma for one representative sample. Fig S11. Cell type annotation in the Cd8_TILs dataset. Fig S12. Conservation of RNA velocity results in the brain_cells dataset. Fig S13. Conservation of RNA velocity results in the pancreatic_cells dataset. Fig S14. Computational time and memory allocation for RNA velocity. Fig S15. Approximate coarse-graining in SuperCell. Fig S16. Computational time and memory allocation for metacell construction and downstream analyses. Table S1. Datasets used for the analysis. Table S2. Datasets integrated in the TIM_atlas dataset. Table S3. Genes ranked better in differential expression analysis (cDC vs pDC) at metacell level. Table S4. Genes ranked better in differential expression analysis (pDC vs cDC) at metacell level. Table S5. Antibodies used in flow cytometry (Fig. 2f, Additional file 1: Fig. S11).
Probing the magnetic field of the nearby galaxy pair Arp 269
Creators: name: Nikiel-Wroczyński, B.
name: Jamrozy, M.
name: Soida, M.
name: Urbanik, M.
name: Knapik, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multiwavelength radio study of the nearby galaxy pair Arp 269 (NGC 4490/85). High sensitivity to extended structures gained by using the merged interferometric and single- dish maps allowed us to reveal a previously undiscovered extension of the radio continuum emission. Its direction is significantly different from that of the neutral gas tail, suggesting that different physical processes might be involved in their creation. The population of radio- emitting electrons is generally young, signifying an ongoing, vigorous star formation -- this claim is supported by strong magnetic fields (over 20 μG), similar to the ones found in much larger spiral galaxies. From the study of the spectral energy distribution, we conclude that the electron population in the intergalactic bridge between member galaxies originates from the disc areas, and therefore its age (approximately 3.7--16.9 Myr, depending on the model used) reflects the time-scale of the interaction. We have also discovered an angularly near compact steep source -- which is a member of a different galaxy pair -- at a redshift of approximately 0.125.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Robust Two-Qubit Gates Using Pulsed Dynamical Decoupling
Creators: name: Barthel, Patrick
name: Huber, Patrick H.
name: Casanova, Jorge
name: Arrazola, Iñigo
name: Niroomand, Dorna
name: Sriarunothai, Theeraphot
name: Plenio, Martin B.
name: Wunderlich, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the experimental implementation of a two-qubit phase gate, using a radio frequency (RF) controlled trapped-ion quantum processor. The RF-driven gate is generated by a pulsed dynamical decoupling sequence applied to the ions' carrier transitions only. It allows for a tunable phase shift with high-fidelity results, in particular a fringe contrast up to $99_{-2}^{+1}\%$ is observed in Ramsey-type measurements. We also prepare a Bell state using this laser-free gate. The phase gate is robust against common sources of error. We investigate the effect of the excitation of the center-of-mass (COM) mode, errors in the axial trap frequency, pulse area errors and errors in sequence timing. The contrast of the phase gate is not significantly reduced up to a COM mode excitation $<20$ phonons, trap frequency errors of +10%, and pulse area errors of -8%. The phase shift is not significantly affected up to $<10$ phonons and pulse area errors of -2%. Both, contrast and phase shift are robust to timing errors up to -30% and +15%. The gate implementation is resource efficient, since only a single driving field is required per ion. Furthermore, it holds the potential for fast gate speeds (gate times on the order of $100~μ$s) by using two axial motional modes of a two-ion crystal through improved setups.
Lithium depletion in solar analogs: age and mass effects
Creators: name: Rathsam, Anne
name: Meléndez, Jorge
name: Silva, Gabriela Carvalho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main goal of this work is to evaluate the correlation between Li abundance, age, and mass. Using high-quality ESO/HARPS data (R $\simeq$ 115 000; 270 $\leq$ SNR $\leq$ 1000), we measured Li abundances via spectral synthesis of the 6707.8 Å $^7$Li line in 74 solar twins and analogs. Our joint analysis of 151 Sun-like stars (72 from our sample plus 79 solar twins from a previous study) confirms the strong Li abundance-age correlation reported by other works. Mass and convective envelope size also seem to be connected with Li abundance but with lower significance. We have found a link between the presence of planets and low Li abundances in a sample of 192 stars with a high significance. Our results agree qualitatively with non-standard models, and indicate that several extra transport mechanisms must be taken into account to explain the behaviour of Li abundance for stars with different masses and ages.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures, Rathsam et al. 2023, MNRAS, vol. 525, p. 4642
Quasi-Periodicities in the Anomalous Emission Events in Pulsars B1859+07 and B0919+06
Creators: name: Wahl, Haley M.
name: Orfeo, Daniel J.
name: Rankin, Joanna M.
name: Weisberg, Joel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quasi-periodicity has been identified in the strange emission shifts in pulsar B1859+07 and possibly B0919+06. These events, first investigated by Rankin, Rodriguez & Wright in 2006, originally appeared disordered or random, but further mapping as well as Fourier analysis has revealed that they occur on a fairly regular basis of approximately 150 rotation periods in B1859+07 and perhaps some 700 in B0919+06. The events-which we now refer to as "swooshes"-are not the result of any known type of mode-changing, but rather we find that they are a uniquely different effect, produced by some mechanism other than any known pulse-modulation phenomenon. Given that we have yet to find another explanation for the swooshes, we have appealed to a last resort for periodicities in astrophysics: orbital dynamics in a binary system. Such putative "companions" would then have semi-major axes comparable to the light cylinder radius for both pulsars. However, in order to resist tidal disruption their densities must be at least some 10$^5$ grams/cm$^3$-therefore white-dwarf cores or something even denser might be indicated.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Charged Anisotropic Tolman IV Solution in Matter-Geometry Coupled Theory
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Naseer, Tayyab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper discusses the interior distribution of several anisotropic star models coupled with an electromagnetic field in the context of $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{T},\mathcal{Q})$ gravity, where $\mathcal{Q}=\mathcal{R}_{βξ}\mathcal{T}^{βξ}$. In this regard, a standard model of this modified gravity is taken as $\mathcal{R}+ν_{3}\mathcal{R}_{βξ}\mathcal{T}^{βξ}$, where $ν_{3}$ symbolizes an arbitrary coupling constant. We assume a charged spherically symmetric metric that represents the interior geometry of compact quark stars and develop the corresponding modified field equations. These equations are then solved with the help of metric potentials of Tolman IV spacetime and a linear bag model equation of state. We consider the experimental data (i.e., radii and masses) of different quark models such as SMC X-4, SAX J 1808.4-3658, Her X-I and 4U 1820-30 to analyze how the charge and modified corrections affect their physical characteristics. The viability and stability of the resulting model is also checked for the considered star candidates with two different values of $ν_{3}$. We conclude that only two models, Her X-I and 4U 1820-30 show stable behavior in this modified framework for both values of the coupling constant.
description: 36 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in Physica Scripta
Blockchain-assisted Twin Migration for Vehicular Metaverses: A Game Theory Approach
Creators: name: Zhong, Yue
name: Wen, Jinbo
name: Zhang, Junhong
name: Kang, Jiawen
name: Jiang, Yuna
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Cheng, Yanyu
name: Tong, Yongju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the fusion of automotive industry and metaverse, vehicular metaverses establish a bridge between the physical space and virtual space, providing intelligent transportation services through the integration of various technologies, such as extended reality and real-time rendering technologies, to offer immersive metaverse services for Vehicular Metaverse Users (VMUs). In vehicular metaverses, VMUs update vehicle twins (VTs) deployed in RoadSide Units (RSUs) to obtain metaverse services. However, due to the mobility of vehicles and the limited service coverage of RSUs, VT migration is necessary to ensure continuous immersive experiences for VMUs. This process requires RSUs to contribute resources for enabling efficient migration, which leads to a resource trading problem between RSUs and VMUs. Moreover, a single RSU cannot support large-scale VT migration. To this end, we propose a blockchain-assisted game approach framework for reliable VT migration in vehicular metaverses. Based on the subject logic model, we first calculate the reputation values of RSUs considering the freshness of interaction between RSUs and VMUs. Then, a coalition game based on the reputation values of RSUs is formulated, and RSU coalitions are formed to jointly provide bandwidth resources for reliable and large-scale VT migration. Subsequently, the RSU coalition with the highest utility is selected. Finally, to incentivize VMUs to participate in VT migration, we propose a Stackelberg model between the selected coalition and VMUs. Numerical results demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
description: Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies (ISSN: 2161-3915)
Non-Line-of-Sight Tracking and Mapping with an Active Corner Camera
Creators: name: Seidel, Sheila
name: Rueda-Chacon, Hoover
name: Cusini, Iris
name: Villa, Federica
name: Zappa, Franco
name: Yu, Christopher
name: Goyal, Vivek K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to form non-line-of-sight (NLOS) images of changing scenes could be transformative in a variety of fields, including search and rescue, autonomous vehicle navigation, and reconnaissance. Most existing active NLOS methods illuminate the hidden scene using a pulsed laser directed at a relay surface and collect time-resolved measurements of returning light. The prevailing approaches include raster scanning of a rectangular grid on a vertical wall opposite the volume of interest to generate a collection of confocal measurements. These are inherently limited by the need for laser scanning. Methods that avoid laser scanning track the moving parts of the hidden scene as one or two point targets. In this work, based on more complete optical response modeling yet still without multiple illumination positions, we demonstrate accurate reconstructions of objects in motion and a 'map' of the stationary scenery behind them. The ability to count, localize, and characterize the sizes of hidden objects in motion, combined with mapping of the stationary hidden scene, could greatly improve indoor situational awareness in a variety of applications.
New perspectives in the ultrafast spectroscopy of many-body excitations in correlated materials
Creators: name: Giannetti, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast spectroscopies constitute a fundamental tool to investigate the dynamics of non-equilibrium many-body states in correlated materials. Two-pulses (pump-probe) experiments have shed new light on the interplay between high-energy electronic excitations and the emerging low-energy properties, such as superconductivity and charge-order, in many interesting materials. Here we will review some recent results on copper oxides and we will propose the use of high-resolution multi-dimensional techniques to investigate the decoherence processes of optical excitations in these systems. This novel piece of information is expected to open a new route toward the understanding of the fundamental interactions that lead to the exotic electronic and magnetic properties of correlated materials.
description: Invited by S.I.F. To appear in Nuovo Cimento C. 7 pages, 4 figures
Optimal Parking Planning for Shared Autonomous Vehicles
Creators: name: Choi, Seongjin
name: Lee, Jinwoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Parking is a crucial element of the driving experience in urban transportation systems. Especially in the coming era of Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAVs), parking operations in urban transportation networks will inevitably change. Parking stations will serve as storage places for unused vehicles and depots that control the level-of-service of SAVs. This study presents an Analytical Parking Planning Model (APPM) for the SAV environment to provide broader insights into parking planning decisions. Two specific planning scenarios are considered for the APPM: (i) Single-zone APPM (S-APPM), which considers the target area as a single homogeneous zone, and (ii) Two-zone APPM (T-APPM), which considers the target area as two different zones, such as city center and suburban area. S-APPM offers a closed-form solution to find the optimal density of parking stations and parking spaces and the optimal number of SAV fleets, which is beneficial for understanding the explicit relationship between planning decisions and the given environments, including demand density and cost factors. In addition, to incorporate different macroscopic characteristics across two zones, T-APPM accounts for inter- and intra-zonal passenger trips and the relocation of vehicles. We conduct a case study to demonstrate the proposed method with the actual data collected in Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea. Sensitivity analyses with respect to cost factors are performed to provide decision-makers with further insights. Also, we find that the optimal densities of parking stations and spaces in the target area are much lower than the current situations.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, 9 tables
Geometric and physical interpretation of the action principle
Creators: name: Carcassi, Gabriele
name: Aidala, Christine A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a geometrical interpretation for the principle of stationary action in classical Lagrangian particle mechanics. In a nutshell, the difference of the action along a path and its variation effectively ``counts'' the possible evolutions that ``go through'' the area enclosed. If the path corresponds to a possible evolution, all neighbouring evolutions will be parallel, making them tangent to the area enclosed by the path and its variation, thus yielding a stationary action. This treatment gives a full physical account of the geometry of both Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics which is founded on three assumptions: determinism and reversible evolution, independence of the degrees of freedom and equivalence between kinematics and dynamics. The logical equivalence between the three assumptions and the principle of stationary action leads to a much cleaner conceptual understanding.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures plus appendix (9 pages)
A Scoping Review of Fraud in Online Health Research and Methodologies for Prevention and Mitigation
Creators: name: Woerner, Molly
name: Fillipo, Isabell Griffith
name: Sams, Nichole
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: A scoping review will be conducted to assess and map the methodologies used to address fraudulent activity in research. We aim to find how many remote and online health research studies engaged in fraud prevention and what preventative measures were used by researchers. We seek to find out both methods researchers used to prevent fraudulent participants and whether the researchers excluded participants.
SimpleNeRF: Regularizing Sparse Input Neural Radiance Fields with Simpler Solutions
Creators: name: Somraj, Nagabhushan
name: Karanayil, Adithyan
name: Soundararajan, Rajiv
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) show impressive performance for the photorealistic free-view rendering of scenes. However, NeRFs require dense sampling of images in the given scene, and their performance degrades significantly when only a sparse set of views are available. Researchers have found that supervising the depth estimated by the NeRF helps train it effectively with fewer views. The depth supervision is obtained either using classical approaches or neural networks pre-trained on a large dataset. While the former may provide only sparse supervision, the latter may suffer from generalization issues. As opposed to the earlier approaches, we seek to learn the depth supervision by designing augmented models and training them along with the NeRF. We design augmented models that encourage simpler solutions by exploring the role of positional encoding and view-dependent radiance in training the few-shot NeRF. The depth estimated by these simpler models is used to supervise the NeRF depth estimates. Since the augmented models can be inaccurate in certain regions, we design a mechanism to choose only reliable depth estimates for supervision. Finally, we add a consistency loss between the coarse and fine multi-layer perceptrons of the NeRF to ensure better utilization of hierarchical sampling. We achieve state-of-the-art view-synthesis performance on two popular datasets by employing the above regularizations. The source code for our model can be found on our project page: https://nagabhushansn95.github.io/publications/2023/SimpleNeRF.html
description: SIGGRAPH Asia 2023
Additional file 1 of Mendelian randomization of circulating proteome identifies actionable targets in heart failure
Creators: name: Moncla, Louis-Hippolyte Minvielle
name: Mathieu, Samuel
name: Sylla, Mame Sokhna
name: Bossé, Yohan
name: Thériault, Sébastien
name: Arsenault, Benoit J.
name: Mathieu, Patrick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Suppl. Figure 1. Glycosylation pathway for Sialyl-lewis x. FUT3 and ST3GAL6 encode for fucosyl transferase 3 and ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 6, respectively. They are involved in the synthesis of sialyl Lewis x. Suppl. Figure 2. Gene Ontology of ligand-receptor pairs derived from the blood candidate proteins. Ligand-receptor pairs were identified through publicly available database[24]. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis performed using the 43 identified ligands/receptors pairs and the GO molecular function database.
HCl, DCl and TCl diatomic molecules in their ground state: predicting Born-Oppenheimer rovibrational spectra
Creators: name: Olivares-Pilón, Horacio
name: Turbiner, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analytic Born-Oppenheimer (B-O) potential curve for the ground state $X^1Σ^+$ of the molecule (H,D,T)Cl is constructed for the whole range of internuclear distances $R \in [0,\infty)$ with an accuracy of 3-5 figures in comparison with the RKR-style potential curve derived from available experimental data on vibrational energies. With an accuracy of 3-4 significant figures in the energies, it is predicted for HCl (DCl, TCl) the 836 (1625, 2366) B-O rovibrational bound states with maximal vibrational number $ν_{max} = 20\, (29, 35)$ and maximal angular momentum $L_{max} = 64\, (90, 109)$ including 24 (46, 63) weakly-bound states (close to the dissociation limit) with energies $\lesssim 10^{-4}$ Hartree. Insufficiency of existing experimental data is indicated and a prediction of the bulk of missing rovibrational states is made for all HCl, DCl, TCl molecules.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, 22 references: the final text, to be published in J Phys B
The Local Group Symbiotic Star Population and its Weak Relation with Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Laversveiler, M.
name: Gonçalves, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we study the symbiotic stars (SySt) population and its relation with type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the galaxies of the Local Group. SySt are low- and/or intermediate-mass evolved binary systems where a white dwarf (WD) accretes mass from a giant star. A fraction of these WDs can become massive enough to reach the Chandrasekhar mass. Therefore, SySt have been considered as potential SNe Ia progenitors. Taking two approaches, one empirical and another statistical, we estimated the SySt population on the Galaxy as having a minimum value of $1.69\times10^3$ and a expected one of $3.23\times10^4$. For Local Group dwarfs galaxies, the computed SySt population ranges from 2 to 4 orders of magnitudes lower. Concerning the SNe Ia with SySt progenitors, our general result is that SySt are not the main SNe Ia progenitors. On the other hand, we still expect that about 0.5-8% of the SNe Ia have symbiotic progenitors in the Milky Way, while the majority of the - low-mass - dwarfs galaxies did not experience a symbiotic type Ia supernova.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables
Qualitative analysis of solutions to mixed-order positive linear coupled systems with bounded or unbounded delays
Creators: name: Tuan, H. T.
name: Thinh, L. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper addresses the qualitative theory of mixed-order positive linear coupled systems with bounded or unbounded delays. First, we introduce a general result on the existence and uniqueness of solutions to mixed-order linear coupled systems with time-varying delays. Next, we obtain the necessary and sufficient criteria which characterize the positivity of a mixed-order delay linear coupled system. Our main contribution is in Section 5. More precisely, by using a smoothness property of solutions to fractional differential equations and developing a new appropriated comparison principle for solutions to mixed-order delayed positive systems, we prove the attractivity of mixed-order non-homogeneous linear positive coupled systems with bounded or unbounded delays. We also establish a necessary and sufficient condition to characterize the stability of homogeneous systems. As a consequence of these results, we show the smallest asymptotic bound of solutions to mixed-order delay non-homogeneous linear positive coupled systems where disturbances are continuous and bounded. Finally, we provide numerical simulations to illustrate the proposed theoretical results.
Measuring Collisionless Damping in Heliospheric Plasmas using Field-Particle Correlations
Creators: name: Klein, Kristopher G
name: Howes, Gregory G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An innovative field-particle correlation technique is proposed that uses single-point measurements of the electromagnetic fields and particle velocity distribution functions to investigate the net transfer of energy from fields to particles associated with the collisionless damping of turbulent fluctuations in weakly collisional plasmas, such as the solar wind. In addition to providing a direct estimate of the local rate of energy transfer between fields and particles, it provides vital new information about the distribution of that energy transfer in velocity space. This velocity-space signature can potentially be used to identify the dominant collisionless mechanism responsible for the damping of turbulent fluctuations in the solar wind. The application of this novel field-particle correlation technique is illustrated using the simplified case of the Landau damping of Langmuir waves in an electrostatic 1D-1V Vlasov-Poisson plasma, showing that the procedure both estimates the local rate of energy transfer from the electrostatic field to the electrons and indicates the resonant nature of this interaction. Modifications of the technique to enable single-point spacecraft measurements of fields and particles to diagnose the collisionless damping of turbulent fluctuations in the solar wind are discussed, yielding a method with the potential to transform our ability to maximize the scientific return from current and upcoming spacecraft missions, such as the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) and Solar Probe Plus missions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters
Denoising Particle Beam Micrographs with Plug-and-Play Methods
Creators: name: Peng, Minxu
name: Kitichotkul, Ruangrawee
name: Seidel, Sheila W.
name: Yu, Christopher
name: Goyal, Vivek K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a particle beam microscope, a raster-scanned focused beam of particles interacts with a sample to generate a secondary electron (SE) signal pixel by pixel. Conventionally formed micrographs are noisy because of limitations on acquisition time and dose. Recent work has shown that estimation methods applicable to a time-resolved measurement paradigm can greatly reduce noise, but these methods apply pixel by pixel without exploiting image structure. Raw SE count data can be modeled with a compound Poisson (Neyman Type A) likelihood, which implies data variance that is signal-dependent and greater than the variation in the underlying particle-sample interaction. These statistical properties make methods that assume additive white Gaussian noise ineffective. This paper introduces methods for particle beam micrograph denoising that use the plug-and-play framework to exploit image structure while being applicable to the unusual data likelihoods of this modality. Approximations of the data likelihood that vary in accuracy and computational complexity are combined with denoising by total variation regularization, BM3D, and DnCNN. Methods are provided for both conventional and time-resolved measurements, assuming SE counts are available. In simulations representative of helium ion microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, significant improvements in root mean-squared error (RMSE), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and qualitative appearance are obtained. Average reductions in RMSE are by factors ranging from 2.24 to 4.11.
Charm quark and meson production in association with single-jet at the LHC
Creators: name: Maciula, Rafal
name: Szczurek, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss charm quark/antiquark and charmed meson production in association with one extra jet (gluon, quark, antiquark) at the LHC. The calculations are performed both in collinear and $k_T$-factorization approaches. Different unintegrated gluon distribution functions are used in the $k_T$-factorization approach. Several predictions for the LHC are presented. We show distributions in rapidity and transverse momenta of $c$/$\bar c$ (or charmed mesons) and the associated jet as well as some two-dimensional observables. Interesting correlation effects are predicted, \textit{e.g.} in azimuthal angles $φ_{c\bar{c}}$ and $φ_{c\mathrm{\textit{-jet}}}$. We have also discussed a relation of the $2 \to 2$ and $2 \to 3$ partonic calculations in the region of large transverse momenta of charm quarks/antiquarks as well as the similarity of the next-to-leading order collinear approach and the $k_T$-factorization approach with the KMR unintegrated parton distribution functions. Integrated cross sections for $D^{0}$ + jet production for ATLAS detector acceptance and for different cuts on jet transverse momenta are also presented.
description: 22 pages, 23 figures
Statistics of the cuprate pairon states on a square lattice
Creators: name: Noat, Yves
name: Mauger, Alain
name: Sacks, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the fundamental parameters of high-$T_c$ superconductivity are shown to be connected to the statistics of pairons (hole pairs in their antiferromagnetic environment) on a square lattice. In particular, we study the density fluctuations and the distribution of the area surrounding each pairon on the scale of the antiferromagnetic correlation length $ξ_{AF}$, for the complete range of hole concentration. We show that the key parameters of the phase diagram, the $T_c$ dome, and the pseudogap temperature $T^*$, emerge from the statistical properties of the pairon disordered state. In this approach, the superconducting and the pseudogap states appear as inseparable phenomena. The condensation energy, which fixes the critical temperature, is directly proportional to the {\it correlation energy} between pairons and {\it not} to the energy gap, contrary to conventional superconductors. When the correlation energy between pairons is suppressed by fluctuations, either thermally, by disorder, or in the vortex core, the pseudogap state of disordered pairons is obtained. We attribute the unique features of cuprate superconductivity to this order-disorder transition in real space, which clearly differs from the BCS mechanism. Our predictions are in quantitative agreement with low-temperature tunneling and photoemission spectroscopy experiments.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures