cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A semi-parametric hourly space–time weather generator
Creators: name: Pidoto, Ross; Haberlandt, Uwe
name: Haberlandt, Uwe
Publisher: name: Munich : EGU
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Catchments
subject: Cell proliferation
subject: Climate models
subject: Continuous time systems
subject: Flood control
subject: Floods
subject: Nearest neighbor search
subject: Runoff
subject: Simulated annealing
subject: Stochastic systems
subject: Time series
subject: Time series analysis
subject: 550

description: Long continuous time series of meteorological variables (i.e. rainfall, temperature and radiation) are required for applications such as derived flood frequency analyses. However, observed time series are generally too short, too sparse in space or incomplete, especially at the sub-daily timestep. Stochastic weather generators overcome this problem by generating time series of arbitrary length. This study presents a major revision to an existing space–time hourly rainfall model based on a point alternating renewal process, now coupled to a k-NN resampling model for conditioned simulation of non-rainfall climate variables. The point-based rainfall model is extended into space by the resampling of simulated rainfall events via a simulated annealing optimisation approach. This approach enforces observed spatial dependency as described by three bivariate spatial rainfall criteria. A new non-sequential branched shuffling approach is introduced which allows the modelling of large station networks (N>50) with no significant loss in the spatial dependence structure. Modelling of non-rainfall climate variables, i.e. temperature, humidity and radiation, is achieved using a non-parametric k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) resampling approach, coupled to the space–time rainfall model via the daily catchment rainfall state. As input, a gridded daily observational dataset (HYRAS) was used. A final deterministic disaggregation step was then performed on all non-rainfall climate variables to achieve an hourly output temporal resolution. The proposed weather generator was tested on 400 catchments of varying size (50–20 000 km2) across Germany, comprising 699 sub-daily rainfall recording stations. Results indicate no major loss of model performance with increasing catchment size and a generally good reproduction of observed climate and rainfall statistics.
Trade Effects on Job Changes through Job Creation and Destruction Responses
Creators: name: Endoh, Masahiro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Foreign trade and employment
International trade
Job creation
Manufacturing industries--Employees--Supply and demand

description: This study estimates the impact of both export and import shocks on the creation and destruction of jobs. Using Japanese jobs data from 1996 to 2016, I take a conservative approach to see the effects of trade on jobs according to industry. Results show that trade shocks change a greater number of jobs through establishments’ extensive margin than through their intensive margin. Additionally, trade shocks have the effect of creating jobs in smaller establishments and cutting jobs in larger establishments. The implied net job change accounts for 12–15 percent of total manufacturing job decreases, half of those based on liberal, widely-used estimates.
High particulate iron(II) content in glacially sourced dusts enhances productivity of a model diatom
Creators: name: Shoenfelt, Elizabeth M.
name: Sun, Jing
name: Winckler, Gisela
name: Kaplan, Michael
name: Borunda, Alejandra
name: Farrell, Kayla R.
name: Moreno, Patricio
name: Gaiero, Diego M.
name: Recasens, Cristina
name: Sambrotto, Raymond N.
name: Bostick, Benjamin C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Iron
Loess
Mineralogy
Diatoms
Iron--Bioavailability
Environmental sciences

description: Little is known about the bioavailability of iron (Fe) in natural dusts and the impact of dust mineralogy on Fe utilization by photosynthetic organisms. Variation in the supply of bioavailable Fe to the ocean has the potential to influence the global carbon cycle by modulating primary production in the Southern Ocean. Much of the dust deposited across the Southern Ocean is sourced from South America, particularly Patagonia, where the waxing and waning of past and present glaciers generate fresh glaciogenic material that contrasts with aged and chemically weathered nonglaciogenic sediments. We show that these two potential sources of modern-day dust are mineralogically distinct, where glaciogenic dust sources contain mostly Fe(II)-rich primary silicate minerals, and nearby nonglaciogenic dust sources contain mostly Fe(III)-rich oxyhydroxide and Fe(III) silicate weathering products. In laboratory culture experiments, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a well-studied coastal model diatom, grows more rapidly, and with higher photosynthetic efficiency, with input of glaciogenic particulates compared to that of nonglaciogenic particulates due to these differences in Fe mineralogy. Monod nutrient accessibility models fit to our data suggest that particulate Fe(II) content, rather than abiotic solubility, controls the Fe bioavailability in our Fe fertilization experiments. Thus, it is possible for this diatom to access particulate Fe in dusts by another mechanism besides uptake of unchelated Fe (Fe′) dissolved from particles into the bulk solution. If this capability is widespread in the Southern Ocean, then dusts deposited to the Southern Ocean in cold glacial periods are likely more bioavailable than those deposited in warm interglacial periods.
Structuring and restructuring sovereign debt : the role of seniority
Creators: name: Bolton, Patrick
name: Jeanne, Olivier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Economics

description: We show how the willingness-to-pay problem and lack of exclusivity in sovereign lending may result in an equilibrium sovereign debt structure that is excessively difficult to restructure. A bankruptcy regime for sovereigns can alleviate this inefficiency but only if it is endowed with far-reaching powers to enforce seniority and subordination clauses in debt contracts. A bankruptcy regime that makes sovereign debt easier to restructure without enforcing seniority may decrease welfare.
title: Are we in the position of understanding marine ecosystem based management? A literature review
Creators: name: Curtin, Richard
name: Prellezo, Raúl
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session R
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Ecosystem based management takes into account the interconnectedness and interdependent nature of ecosystem components and emphasizes the importance of ecosystem structures and functions which provide us with a range of services. The concept has now been adopted by many international agreements and national governments and is in the process of being implemented. This paper seeks to review the literature on the subject and to analyze our understanding of the subject. The term is defined and its implementation in fisheries and for all marine uses is analyzed. To conclude some of the main aspects of EBM are revisited, while the importance of learning from other institutions and reducing costs are highlighted. Finally, the need for reducing consumption of fish is considered
RAMSES-CH: A New Chemodynamical Code for Cosmological Simulations
Creators: name: Few, C. Gareth
name: Courty, Stephanie
name: Gibson, Brad K.
name: Kawata, Daisuke
name: Calura, Francesco
name: Teyssier, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new chemodynamical code - Ramses-CH - for use in simulating the self-consistent evolution of chemical and hydrodynamical properties of galaxies within a fully cosmological framework. We build upon the adaptive mesh refinement code Ramses, which includes a treatment of self-gravity, hydrodynamics, star formation, radiative cooling, and supernovae feedback, to trace the dominant isotopes of C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, and Fe. We include the contribution of Type Ia and II supernovae, in addition to low- and intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars, relaxing the instantaneous recycling approximation. The new chemical evolution modules are highly flexible and portable, lending themselves to ready exploration of variations in the underpining stellar and nuclear physics. We apply Ramses-CH to the cosmological simulation of a typical L* galaxy, demonstrating the successful recovery of the basic empirical constraints regarding, [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] and Type Ia/II supernovae rates.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS letters, 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-03-14)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Ultra-high energy neutrino dispersion in plasma and radiative transition $ν_L \to ν_R + γ$
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, A. V.
name: Mikheev, N. V.
name: Shitova, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Qualitative analysis of additional energy of neutrino and antineutrino in plasma is performed. A general expression for the neutrino self-energy operator is obtained in the case of ultra-high energies when the local limit of the weak interaction is not valid. The neutrino and antineutrino additional energy in plasma is calculated using the dependence of the $W$ and $Z$--boson propagators on the momentum transferred. The kinematical region for the neutrino radiative transition (the so-called "neutrino spin light") is established for some important astrophysical cases. For high energy neutrino and antineutrino, dominating transition channels in plasma, $ν_e + e^+ \to W^+$, $\barν_e + e^- \to W^-$ and $\barν_{\ell} + ν_{\ell} \to Z$, are indicated.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX, 3 EPS figures, submitted to Int. J. Mod. Phys. A; version 2: typos corrected, presentation improved, the version to be published
Supplemental Digital Appendix 1
Creators: name: Le, Jessica
name: Weisman, Richard
name: Gervais, Marie Denise
name: Chandran, Latha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: To assess the impact of ACP on members of the admissions committee, we surveyed members on five key areas of the admissions process: mission fit, scoring, holistic review, efficiency, and transparency. Respondents were asked to rate a series of statements on Qualtrics® using a Likert scale between 1-4, with 1 being strongly disagree to 4 being strongly agree. Specific statements regarding the pre and post-implementation of ACP were also included on the survey for members who have been involved in admissions for 10 or more years. Free text boxes were provided following each statement to allow for optional comments.
Coming in at a Trickle: The Optimal Frequency of Public Benefit Payments
Creators: name: LaPoint, Cameron
name: Sakabe, Shogo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Pensions
Pensions--Administration
Pensions--Government policy
Consumption (Economics)

description: The question of how governments should choose the frequency of payments has received little attention in the literature on the optimal design of public benefits programs. We propose a simple model in which the government chooses the length of the interval between payments, subject to a tradeoff between the administrative cost of providing more frequent benefits and the welfare gain from reducing deviations from full consumption smoothing. In our empirical application, we examine consumer and retailer responses to bimonthly payments from the Japanese National Pension System. We exploit variation in the duration of payment cycles using a unique retail dataset that links consumers to their purchase history. Our difference-in-differences style approach shows a clear spike in spending on payment dates for customers who are of retirement age relative to those who are not. While within-store average prices increase by 1.6% on payday, this effect is almost entirely due to consumers substituting towards higher quality goods rather than a retailer response. We use these reduced form estimates to parameterize the model and conclude that the optimal frequency of Japanese public pension payments is less than one month, implying the government could improve welfare by increasing payment frequency.
Quantum Kinetic Equations of Many-Particle Systems in Condensed States
Creators: name: Gerasimenko, V. I.
name: Tsvir, Zh. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q40, 47J35, 47H20, 82C10, 82C22

description: This paper is devoted to the description of the evolution of states of quantum many-particle systems within the framework of a one-particle density operator, which enables to construct the kinetic equations in scaling limits in the presence of correlations of particle states at initial time, for instance, correlations characterizing the condensed states.
description: 10 pages
Contracting in the shadow of the law
Creators: name: Chakravarty, Surajeet
name: MacLeod, W. Bentley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Contracts

description: Economic models of contract typically assume that courts enforce obligations on the basis of verifiable events. As a matter of law, this is not the case. This leaves open the question of optimal contract design given the available remedies that are enforced by a court of law. This paper shows that standard form construction contracts can be viewed as an optimal solution to this problem. It is shown that a central feature of construction contracts is the inclusion of governance covenants that shape the scope of authority, and regulate the ex post bargaining power of parties. Our model also provides a unified framework for the study of the legal remedies of mistake, impossibility and the doctrine limiting damages for unforeseen events developed in the case of Hadley vs. Baxendale.
The Curious Case of Lyman Alpha Emitters: Growing Younger from z ~ 3 to z ~ 2?
Creators: name: Acquaviva, Viviana
name: Vargas, Carlos
name: Gawiser, Eric
name: Guaita, Lucia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lyman Alpha Emitting (LAE) galaxies are thought to be progenitors of present-day L* galaxies. Clustering analyses have suggested that LAEs at z ~ 3 might evolve into LAEs at z ~ 2, but it is unclear whether the physical nature of these galaxies is compatible with this hypothesis. Several groups have investigated the properties of LAEs using spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting, but direct comparison of their results is complicated by inconsistencies in the treatment of the data and in the assumptions made in modeling the stellar populations, which are degenerate with the effects of galaxy evolution. By using the same data analysis pipeline and SED fitting software on two stacked samples of LAEs at z = 3.1 and z = 2.1, and by eliminating several systematic uncertainties that might cause a discrepancy, we determine that the physical properties of these two samples of galaxies are dramatically different. LAEs at z = 3.1 are found to be old (age ~ 1 Gyr) and metal-poor (Z < 0.2 Z_Sun), while LAEs at z = 2.1 appear to be young (age ~ 50 Myr) and metal-rich (Z > Z_Sun). The difference in the observed stellar ages makes it very unlikely that z = 3.1 LAEs evolve directly into z = 2.1 LAEs. Larger samples of galaxies, studies of individual objects and spectroscopic measurements of metallicity at these redshifts are needed to confirm this picture, which is difficult to reconcile with the effects of 1 Gyr of cosmological evolution.
description: Minor revision, accepted for publication in ApJL
The effect of different patient-based learning models on student perceptions of empathy, engagement, knowledge, and learning experience
Creators: name: Leigh, Luke
name: Mok, Zi Hong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Problem-based learning is used widely in pharmacy and medical programmes, incorporating realistic patient scenarios into regular teaching as a way of linking theory to practice. Routine case-based learning lessons ranges from real patient involvement, scripted patient scenarios, digital simulations (avatars) as well as through media such as Zoom. The existing literature has explored the extensive benefits of using patients in clinical education, but fewer studies have directly compared the efficacy of each model as learning tools. To compare student perceptions of patient-based learning models to elicit student empathy, increase engagement, improve knowledge, and enrich learning experience. A questionnaire was distributed to second-year pharmacy students in Swansea University to gather their perceptions on the nine different patient-based learning models in their routine teaching (SUMS RESC 2023-0011). Students were asked to rank their experience of the models explicitly against each other, based on the four pillars of (1) eliciting student empathy, (2) increasing engagement, (3) improving knowledge and (4) enriching the learning experience. Students were also asked to rate the significance of realism (i.e. knowing the patient demographics/having a visual representation of the patient) to their experience. Altogether, 31 student rankings of the nine learning models were weighted (9 = highest rank; 1 = lowest ranked). The data showed clear preferences for real-patient involvement over fictional cases, especially for eliciting empathy. Interestingly, scripted scenarios were rated highly for both engagement and learning experience only when avatars were involved, which suggests a role of animated visual representation of the patient in facilitating these outcomes. Whilst it is useful to have multiple patient-based learning models, this study serves as a guide for educators in preparing case-based learning sessions for achieving the desired outcomes of any of the four pillars above.
Decentring multiculturalism : public and counterpublic spaces in Dionne Brand's What We All Long For and Timothy Taylor's Stanley Park
Creators: name: Sharpe, Natasha Larissa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This study explores the usage of public and counterpublic spaces in two Canadian novels, Dionne Brand’s What We All Long For (2005) and Timothy Taylor’s Stanley Park (2001). These navigations and explorations reconstitute public space in order to claim that space for marginalized Canadians, challenging the discourse of multicultural tolerance and constructions of Canadian identity as white. These texts challenge current understandings of citizenship based on exclusion in order to promote a citizenship predicated on civic engagement, coalition, and affinity, rather than essentialist identity. I undertake a close reading and comparison of both novels within the context of Canadian literary history, Canada’s history of multicultural policy, and the intersections of multicultural discourse and Canadian literature, in particular the ways in which literature by Canadian authors designated as ‘multicultural’ is appropriated by national multicultural discourse to promote Canadian tolerance and preserve white hegemony and centrality in Canada. My work draws upon theories of postcolonialism, postmodernism, and hybridity to explore race, gender, and class as they constitute subjects within relations of power in these novels. While Brand’s characters at times seek refuge in subaltern counterpublics, they ultimately realize the limitations and failings of those spaces, opting instead to remake and reimagine the public in their own image as a space for civic engagement on their own terms rather than those of the white, capitalist hegemony. Taylor’s characters, however, abandon the public completely; arguing that the public is too corrupted to be recovered, they establish new counterpublic spaces that re-establish the privilege they meant to escape. In conclusion, the divergences between the two novels indicate two different ways of contesting multicultural discourse; Brand’s characters resist by remaking the public, and Taylor’s, by abandoning the public. In the context of reconstituting Canadian cultural citizenship, Brand’s strategy offers challenging but hopeful opportunities for contesting the discourses that construct Canadian identity and public space as the sole province of normalized whiteness while constructing ‘multicultural’, particularly racialized Canadians, as outside Canadian identity and yet necessary to national myths of Canadian ‘tolerance’.
The impact of Last Glacial climate variability in west-European loess revealed by radiocarbon dating of fossil earthworm granules
Creators: name: Moine, Olivier
name: Antoine, Pierre
name: Hatté, Christine
name: Landais, Amaëlle
name: Mathieu, Jérôme
name: Prud’homme, Charlotte
name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Paleopedology
Climatic changes
Radiocarbon dating

description: The characterization of Last Glacial millennial-timescale warming phases, known as interstadials or Dansgaard–Oeschger events, requires precise chronologies for the study of paleoclimate records. On the European continent, such chronologies are only available for several Last Glacial pollen and rare speleothem archives principally located in the Mediterranean domain. Farther north, in continental lowlands, numerous high-resolution records of loess and paleosols sequences show a consistent environmental response to stadial–interstadial cycles. However, the limited precision and accuracy of luminescence dating methods commonly used in loess deposits preclude exact correlations of paleosol horizons with Greenland interstadials. To overcome this problem, a radiocarbon dating protocol has been developed to date earthworm calcite granules from the reference loess sequence of Nussloch (Germany). Its application yields a consistent radiocarbon chronology of all soil horizons formed between 47 and 20 ka and unambiguously shows the correlation of every Greenland interstadial identified in isotope records with specific soil horizons. Furthermore, eight additional minor soil horizons dated between 27.5 and 21 ka only correlate with minor decreases in Greenland dust records. This dating strategy reveals the high sensitivity of loess paleoenvironments to Northern Hemisphere climate changes. A connection between loess sedimentation rate, Fennoscandian ice sheet dynamics, and sea level changes is proposed. The chronological improvements enabled by the radiocarbon “earthworm clock” thus strongly enhance our understanding of loess records to a better perception of the impact of Last Glacial climate changes on European paleoenvironments.
Collisional energy loss of heavy quarks
Creators: name: Meistrenko, Alex
name: Peshier, Andre
name: Uphoff, Jan
name: Greiner, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a transport approach for heavy quarks in a quark-gluon plasma, which is based on improved binary collision rates taking into account quantum statistics, the running of the QCD coupling and an effective screening mass adjusted to hard-thermal loop calculations. We quantify the effects of in-medium collisions by calculating the heavy flavor nuclear modification factor and the elliptic flow for RHIC energies, which are comparable to radiative effects. We also derive an analytic formula for the mean collisional energy loss of an energetic heavy quark in a streaming quark gluon plasma.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
title: Allocation of TAC and fishing effort in mixed-fisheries: abio-economic modelling approach applied to the Channel flatfish fisheries
Creators: name: Marchal, Paul
name: Little, Rich
name: Thébaud, Olivier
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session R
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The aim of this article is to assess the respective merits of management strategies building on fixed or flexible catch quota allocation and also their sensitivity to a variety of fleet behavior mechanisms, using a simulation modelling approach. The modeling framework is applied to the Channel flatfish mixed fisheries. The results are sensitive to the fleet dynamics. When fleet behavior depends on both traditions and expected economic returns, one clear advantage of a flexible quota allocation regime would be to maintain the spawning SSB of Eastern Channel sole, the main targeted stock, above safe limits in all projected years. The impact of the flexible quota allocation regime on the less targeted species is more mitigated, as TAC would be exceeded in 80% of projected years. Under the flexible quota allocation scenario, only two (out of initially four) fleets, the small and large netters, would own most of the stocks quotas, and only these two fleets would be expected to make a decent profit out of fishing in the future
A supersimple analysis of $e^-e^+\to t \bar t$ at high energy
Creators: name: Gounaris, G. J.
name: Renard, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to supersimplicity in MSSM, a renormalization scheme (SRS) may be defined for any high energy 2-to-2 process, to the 1loop EW order; where the helicity conserving (HC) amplitudes, are expressed as a linear combination of just three universal logarithm-involving forms. All other helicity amplitudes vanish asymptotically. Including to these SRS amplitudes the corresponding counter terms, the "supersimple" expressions for the high energy HC amplitudes, renormalized on-shell, are obtained. Previously, this property was noted for a large number of processes that do not involve Yukawa interactions or renormalization group corrections. Here we extend it to $e^-e^+\to t \bar t$, which does involve large Yukawa and renormalization group contributions. We show that the resulting "supersimple" expressions may provide an accurate description, even at energies comparable to the SUSY scale. Such descriptions clearly identify the origin of the important SUSY effects, and they may be used for quickly constraining physics contributions, beyond MSSM.
description: 26 pages, 15 figures. Paper appeared in Phys. Rev. D. The Journal where Reference 20 has appeared has been added
European glacial dust deposits: Geochemical constraints on atmospheric dust cycle modeling
Creators: name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
name: Chauvel, Catherine
name: Sima, Adriana
name: Hatté, Christine
name: Lagroix, France
name: Antoine, Pierre
name: Balkanski, Yves
name: Fuchs, Markus
name: Mellett, Claire
name: Kageyama, Masa
name: Ramstein, Gilles
name: Lang, Andreas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Dust
subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Loess--Environmental aspects

description: For a long time global paleodust numerical simulations have greatly underestimated dust sources other than modern deserts. Recent modeling experiments incorporating glaciogenic sources of dust have positively improved the agreement between model and paleodust data. This highlights the importance of accurately representing all areas potentially subjected to deflation during an investigated interval. Geochemical results, obtained from European loess sequences collected along a 50°N transect, combined with dust emission simulations reveal the geographical distribution of the most important European dust sources between 34 ka and 18 ka. We demonstrate that most European dust traveled only a few hundred kilometers or less within the boundary layer from its source before deposition. We conclude that our results encourage acquisition of similar geochemical data for other relevant areas in the world. Further, they could provide critical constraints to benchmark atmospheric models, contributing to improve their performance in simulating dust cycle and associated climate feedbacks.
Epitaxial graphene morphologies probed by weak (anti)-localization
Creators: name: Mahmood, Ather
name: Naud, Cécile
name: Bouvier, Clément
name: Hiebel, Fanny
name: Mallet, Pierre
name: Veuillen, Jean-Yves
name: Levy, Laurent
name: Chaussende, Didier
name: Ouisse, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the weak field magneto-conductance can be used as a tool to characterize epitaxial graphene samples grown from the C or the Si face of Silicon Carbide, with mobilities ranging from 120 to 12000 cm^2/(V.s). Depending on the growth conditions, we observe anti-localization and/or localization which can be understood in term of weak-localization related to quantum interferences. The inferred characteristic diffusion lengths are in agreement with the scanning tunneling microscopy and the theoretical model which describe the "pure" mono-layer and bilayer of graphene [MacCann et al,. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 146805 (2006)].
There and Back: Vindicating the Listener’s Interests in Targeted Advertising in the Internet Information Economy
Creators: name: Jokubaitis, Caitlin E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Freedom of speech
subject: Corporate speech
subject: Data collection platforms
subject: Jurisprudence

description: This Note argues first, that the Commercial Speech Doctrine as currently conceived is an ill-fitting tool for resolving difficult free speech questions in the context of data, privacy, and the modern Internet Information Economy. The application of the Commercial Speech Doctrine to a particular economic interaction should not be a nigh-complete bar to the regulation of Internet platforms that profit from data collection and transmission. For this reason, qualified constitutional protection appropriately accounts for the speaker’s interests while not short-changing those of the listener/consumer. This Note proposes that regulators and reviewing tribunals consider the context surrounding the data collection and transmission process, including: method of collection, relationship between miner and mined party, and whether the user has consented to such collection in justifying the relative need for regulation. Second, in order to vindicate the Commercial Speech Doctrine’s initial purposes, more transparency of data collection procedures for use in targeted advertising is warranted and indeed possible as a regulatory hook to protect consumers, despite the Court’s move towards according more protection to commercial speakers. In so doing, this Note builds upon Erin Bernstein and Theresa J. Lee’s Where the Consumer Is the Commodity: The Difficulty with the Current Definition of Commercial Speech, which proposes that the “rise of new non-linear commercial transactions” necessitates a shift in the definition of commercial speech to accommodate the seismic change in the modern online economy. The stakes are not inconsequential: failure to expand the scope of commercial speech would foreclose the use of many tools in a legislature’s arsenal to address current concerns related to consumer privacy and eliminating advertisements that seek to capitalize on discriminatory indicia, among other salient policy issues. Part I details the Court’s jurisprudence regarding both personal solicitations and data practices and considers the shift away from a bifurcated speech paradigm that treats commercial speech as speech of “lesser value.” Part II illustrates the most common forms of data collection and transmission. Part III locates these methods of data collection and transmission within the current commercial speech framework to conclude that qualified constitutional protection is the coherent tier of scrutiny that should apply. Part IV proposes policy recommendations that fit within the Court’s current approach to commercial speech and alternatives that would require a departure from the present doctrine.
Additional file 3: of Overexpression a â fruit-weight 2.2-likeâ gene OsFWL5 improves rice resistance
Creators: name: Li, Bei
name: Sun, Shengyuan
name: Gao, Xianmin
name: Wu, Mengxiao
name: Deng, Yong
name: Zhang, Qinglu
name: Li, Xianghua
name: Xiao, Jinghua
name: Ke, Yinggen
name: Wang, Shiping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Materials and Methods. (DOC 37 kb)
Inverse stochastic–dynamic models for high-resolution Greenland ice core records
Creators: name: Boers, Niklas
name: Chekroun, Mickael D.
name: Liu, Honghu
name: Kondrashov, Dmitri
name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
name: Svensson, Anders
name: Bigler, Matthias
name: Ghil, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Stochastic models
Dynamics
Climatic changes
Dust

description: Proxy records from Greenland ice cores have been studied for several decades, yet many open questions remain regarding the climate variability encoded therein. Here, we use a Bayesian framework for inferring inverse, stochastic–dynamic models from δ¹⁸O and dust records of unprecedented, subdecadal temporal resolution. The records stem from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP), and we focus on the time interval 59–22 ka b2k. Our model reproduces the dynamical characteristics of both the δ¹⁸O and dust proxy records, including the millennial-scale Dansgaard–Oeschger variability, as well as statistical properties such as probability density functions, waiting times and power spectra, with no need for any external forcing. The crucial ingredients for capturing these properties are (i) high-resolution training data, (ii) cubic drift terms, (iii) nonlinear coupling terms between the δ¹⁸O and dust time series, and (iv) non-Markovian contributions that represent short-term memory effects.
The experience of adjusting to Acquired Brain Injuries
Creators: name: Tikare, Jeri
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2019

description: This thesis comprises of a literature review, a research paper and a
      critical appraisal of the research process.

      In the literature review, a meta-synthesis methodology was utilised to
      identify and synthesise 25 studies that explored the experiences of coping
      and adjusting to a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Four themes emerged;
      Immediate impact of injury: “I didn’t know what one should do as a human
      being”; Extrinsic factors that influenced recovery process; “Without him,
      I’m not sure I would have managed to live anymore”; Intrinsic factors that
      influenced recovery process: “Come on, snap out of it and do what you’ve
      got to do” and Post-injury growth: “I am glad I had my accident because
      it’s made me into a better person”. Findings are discussed in terms of the
      impact of loss experienced because of the injury, the impact on the
      participants’ identity, and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that
      supported coping and adjustment.

      The research paper utilised interpretative phenomenological analysis,
      whereby six participants who had received a diagnosis of encephalitis were
      interviewed, to explore how they had made sense of the diagnostic process,
      experiences of receiving the diagnosis and the impact it had on their
      coping and adjustment to the illness. Three themes emerged ‘Being on a
      wild goose chase- challenges with getting the diagnosis’, ‘The emotional
      rollercoaster experience and ‘significance of information and others’.
      Findings suggest that encephalitis is a complex condition and the
      diagnostic journey is filled with many uncertainties fuelled by inadequate
      knowledge and understanding. Certain factors facilitate and hinder
      adjustment to the condition. The clinical implications of these findings
      are discussed.

      The critical appraisal discusses the comparisons between the findings of
      the literature review and research paper. Reflections about epistemology
      are discussed, alongside reflections on the research process as a whole.
Embracing the illusion of explanatory depth: A strategic framework for using iterative prompting for integrating large language models in healthcare education
Creators: name: Mehta, Seysha
name: Mehta, Neil
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Healthcare educators are exploring ways to integrate Large Language Models (LLMs) into the curriculum. At the same time, they are concerned about the negative impact on students’ cognitive development. There is concern that the students will not learn to think and problem-solve by themselves and instead become dependent on LLMs to find answers. In addition, the students could start accepting the LLM generated responses at face value. The Illusion of Explanatory Depth (IoED) is a cognitive bias where humans believe they understand complex phenomena in more depth than they do. This illusion is caused when people rely on external sources of information rather than deeper levels of internalized knowledge. This illusion can be exposed by asking follow-up in depth questions. Using the same approach, specifically iterative prompting, can help students interact with LLM’s while learning actively, gaining deeper levels of knowledge, and exposing the LLM shortcomings. The article proposes that educators encourage use of LLMs to complete assignments using a template, that promotes students’ reflections on their interactions with LLMs, using iterative prompting. This process based on IoED, and iterative prompting will help educators integrate LLMs in the curriculum while mitigating the risk of students becoming dependent on these tools. Students will practice active learning and experience firsthand the inaccuracies and inconsistencies in LLM responses.
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-03-15)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
title: The Effects of Oral Health in-Service Education in an Extended Care Facility
Creators: name: Doloresco, Marcia Brand
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1977

description: A study was conducted to determine the effects of two oral health in-service teaching methodologies on intact groups of staff members and patients at two extended health care facilities. Oral health in-service education conducted by a dental hygienist (IV1 ); and oral health in-service education with direct guidance of the staff's oral health services to patients by the dental hygienist (IV2 ) were implemented at the Medicenters of Virginia Beach and Norfolk, respectively.

Base line and post evaluation data on the oral health status of each patient group were collected utilizing the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Base line and post evaluation data on the oral health knowledge and attitudes of staff and patient groups were collected utilizing a self-designed questionnaire.

Findings from the questionnaires were inconclusive. Base line, three month, and six month OHI-S scores analyzed by the Mann Whitney-U test revealed no statistically significant difference in oral hygiene status between two patient groups at the .05 level of significance.

Base line, three month, and six month OHI-S scores analyzed by the Wilcox in Matched Pairs, Signed Rank test showed that patient groups experienced a statistically significant improvement in oral hygiene status as a result of both methods of in-service education at the .05 level of significance. Results indicated that oral health in service education maintains good oral hygiene status in patients at an extended care facility.
Corporate finance and the monetary transmission mechanism
Creators: name: Bolton, Patrick
name: Freixas, Xavier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Corporations--Finance
Transmission mechanism (Monetary policy)

description: We analyze the transmission effects of monetary policy in a general equilibrium model of the financial sector, with bank lending and securities markets. Bank lending is constrained by capital adequacy requirements, and asymmetric information adds a cost to outside bank equity capital. In our model, monetary policy does not affect bank lending through changes in bank liquidity; rather, it operates through changes in the spread of bank loans over corporate bonds, which induce changes in the aggregate composition of financing by firms, and in banks' equity-capital base. The model produces multiple equilibria, one of which displays all the features of a "credit crunch."
Term, Breadth, and Waivability
Creators: name: Roesler, Mark
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Celebrities--Death
subject: Publicity (Law)
subject: Branding (Marketing)

description: The question I have is why should there be a difference between how somebody like the Walt Disney Company protects the intellectual property rights and how the Michael Jackson estate protects the intellectual property rights? Why should there be any difference between how they can protect those intellectual property rights?
title: Importance of regionalization: policy, enforcement and culture as evidence of the north-south divide in the European Union fish catching sector
Creators: name: Hadjimichael, Maria
name: Kaiser, Michel
name: Edwards-Jones, Gareth
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session R
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is a set of rules organised at a European Union level, covering all aspects and stages of the fishing industry from the sea to consumer. After many changes and reforms, the CFP as it has today has not yet been successful in its objectives “to ensure exploitation of living aquatic resources that provides sustainable economic, environmental and social conditions of protecting Europe’s fish stocks”. This paper explores evidence of current regionalization and identifies the differences in the current fisheries modus operandi in the EU, with special reference to the north/south divide (Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea respectively). This was accomplished by a historical analysis followed by an analysis of the existing CFP regulations in force. The differences in the management regimes were explained by the different biological and physical characteristics of each marine region and its policy history. Through literature review and interviews with fishers in various ports in different countries, cultural differences between different areas were also identified. These variations were linked with failures of the CFP, supporting recommendations for further regionalization of the policy. Finally, regionalization is considered as to how it can play a bigger part in solving (especially in terms of governance), the five structural failings of the CFP according to the latest green paper; fleet over-capacity, poor compliance and the CFP’ s imprecise policy objectives, short-term focus and paternalistic approach.
Time consistency of dynamic risk measures in markets with transaction costs
Creators: name: Feinstein, Zachary
name: Rudloff, Birgit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 91B30, 46A20, 46N10, 26E25

description: The paper concerns primal and dual representations as well as time consistency of set-valued dynamic risk measures. Set-valued risk measures appear naturally when markets with transaction costs are considered and capital requirements can be made in a basket of currencies or assets. Time consistency of scalar risk measures can be generalized to set-valued risk measures in different ways. The most intuitive generalization is called time consistency. We will show that the equivalence between a recursive form of the risk measure and time consistency, which is a central result in the scalar case, does not hold in the set-valued framework. Instead, we propose an alternative generalization, which we will call multi-portfolio time consistency and show in the main result of the paper that this property is indeed equivalent to the recursive form as well as to an additive property for the acceptance sets. Multi-portfolio time consistency is a stronger property than time consistency. In the scalar case, both notions coincide.