cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Interferometric detections of sdO companions orbiting three classical Be stars
Creators: name: Klement, R.
name: Schaefer, G. H.
name: Gies, D. R.
name: Wang, L.
name: Baade, D.
name: Rivinius, Th.
name: Gallenne, A.
name: Carciofi, A. C.
name: Monnier, J. D.
name: Mérand, A.
name: Anugu, N.
name: Kraus, S.
name: Davies, C. L.
name: Lanthermann, C.
name: Gardner, T.
name: Wysocki, P.
name: Ennis, J.
name: Labdon, A.
name: Setterholm, B. R.
name: Bouquin, J. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical Be stars are possible products of close binary evolution, in which the mass donor becomes a hot, stripped O or B-type subdwarf (sdO/sdB), and the mass gainer spins up and grows a disk to become a Be star. While several Be+sdO binaries have been identified, dynamical masses and other fundamental parameters are available only for a single Be+sdO system, limiting the confrontation with binary evolution models. In this work, we present direct interferometric detections of the sdO companions of three Be stars 28 Cyg, V2119 Cyg, and 60 Cyg, all of which were previously found in UV spectra. For two of the three Be+sdO systems, we present first orbits and preliminary dynamical masses of the components, revealing that one of them could be the first identified progenitor of a Be/X-ray binary with a neutron star companion. These results provide new sets of fundamental parameters that are crucially needed to establish the evolutionary status and origin of Be stars.
description: accepted to ApJ
Haplotype phasing for data generated using the Agena MassARRAY
Creators: name: Thamilselvan, Megana
name: Aitchison, Katherine J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Genetics not elsewhere classified

description: A protocol for haplotype phasing for data generated using the Agena MassARRAY.
 The material herein are provided on an “as is” basis only and without warranty or representation (whether express or implied) as to its accuracy or reliability. Anyone who uses it assumes responsibility for the result and its use. The authors are not responsible for any direct or indirect loss or damages arising from or connected to the use of this information.
Duals of lattice Abelian models with static determinant at finite density
Creators: name: Borisenko, O.
name: Chelnokov, V.
name: Voloshyn, S.
name: Yefanov, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T25 (Primary) 81T28 (Secondary)

description: Dual formulations of Abelian U(1) and Z(N) LGT with a static fermion determinant are constructed at finite temperatures and non-zero chemical potential. The dual form is valid for a broad class of lattice gauge actions, for arbitrary number of fermion flavors and in any dimension. The distinguished feature of the dual formulation is that the dual Boltzmann weight is strictly positive. This allows to gain reliable results at finite density via the Monte Carlo simulations. As a byproduct of the dual representation we outline an exact solution for the partition function of the (1 + 1)-dimensional theory and reveal an existence of a phase with oscillating correlations.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Vom Regenmachen zur Klimaintervention – Ein Blick auf die Ideen- und Entwicklungsgeschichte des Climate Engineering
Creators: name: Quante, Markus
name: Gasparini, Blaž
name: Belge, Boris
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: Rainmaking, climate intervention, history of climate engineering, generating precipitation.

description: From rainmaking to climate intervention - A look at the history of ideas and development of climate engineering: The present-day discussion about climate engineering as a possible answer to global warming looks back on a longer history spanning several decades. Initial attempts to modify the weather by generating precipitation eventually led to plans to intervene on an ever larger scale. Many of the original ideas disappeared in the drawers, only a few remained. This chapter traces the checkered history of climate engineering up to the present day and also points to the accompanying scientific and social discourse.
Noise-robust single-pixel imaging in photon counting regime with a pulsed source
Creators: name: Kim, Junghyun
name: Lee, Sangkyung
name: Jo, Yonggi
name: Lee, Su-Yong
name: Jeong, Taek
name: Kim, Dongkyu
name: Kim, Duk Y.
name: Kim, Zaeill
name: Ihn, Yong Sup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to classically enhance noise-robustness of single-pixel imaging in photon counting regime with a pulsed source. By using time-domain cross-correlations between temporal profiles of a pulsed source and received signals, our scheme classically imitates the noise rejection concept of quantum imaging. Under a strong noise environment in which the background noise intensity is up to 120 times higher than the signal one, we compare three different images obtained by conventional, quantum-enhanced, and classically enhanced schemes. The results show that the classically enhanced scheme can be remarkably robust against noise in image formation, which is comparable to the quantum scheme.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Exploring Preservice Teachers’ Motivation, Confidence and Beliefs about Inclusive Classrooms
Creators: Tessa Pollitt
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Dr. Daniels and her team from the Alberta Consortium for Motivation and Emotion surveyed 147 undergraduate students to discover and investigate preservice teachers' motivation, confidence, and beliefs about teaching in inclusive classrooms and students with complex needs. Here are some preliminary results that may spark your interest.
Evidence for A Hot Wind from High-resolution X-ray Spectroscopic Observation of the Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 7213
Creators: name: Shi, Fangzheng
name: Zhu, Bocheng
name: Li, Zhiyuan
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Super-massive black holes (SMBHs) spend most of their lifetime accreting at a rate well below the Eddington limit, manifesting themselves as low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs). The prevalence of a hot wind from LLAGNs is a generic prediction by theories and numerical simulations of black hole accretion and is recently becoming a crucial ingredient of AGN kinetic feedback in cosmological simulations of galaxy evolution. However, direct observational evidence for this hot wind is still scarce. In this work, we identify significant Fe XXVI Ly$α$ and Fe XXV K$α$ emission lines from high-resolution Chandra grating spectra of the LLAGN in NGC\,7213, a nearby Sa galaxy hosting a $\sim10^8\rm~M_\odot$ SMBH, confirming previous work. We find that these lines exhibit a blueshifted line-of-sight velocity of $\sim1100\rm~km s^{-1}$ and a high XXVI Ly$α$ to XXV K$α$ flux ratio implying for a $\sim16$ keV hot plasma. By confronting these spectral features with synthetic X-ray spectra based on our custom magnetohydrodynamical simulations, we find that the high-velocity, hot plasma is naturally explained by the putative hot wind driven by the hot accretion flow powering this LLAGN. Alternative plausible origins of this hot plasma, including stellar activities, AGN photoionization and the hot accretion flow itself, are quantitatively disfavored. The inferred kinetic energy and momentum carried by the wind can serve as strong feedback to the environment. We compare NGC\,7213 to M81*, in which strong evidence for a hot wind was recently presented, and discuss implications on the universality and detectability of hot winds from LLAGNs.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication on ApJ
Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in Public Administration
Creators: name: Lulit Hailemeskel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011

description: In many countries, there is increasing need for efficient and effective delivery of land

administration services, especially in land registration and compensation (Money paid to the

affected land occupants) services to protect the tenure security. As a land administration is

important sector of public service delivery, the concept of quality service is equally applicable to

it. Accordingly this study assessed the situation of title deed and compensation service delivery in

Arada sub city.

In the current land administration of Arada sub-city, customers have to consult various

organizations/departments to get the service done. The title service delivery system is not only time

taking but also expensive. As a result the urban poor is being pushed away not to use the service.

Also the compensation which is paid by the sub-city is not unsatisfactory to the customers in that

most of the affected rated the compensation low and unjustified because of lack of appropriate

evaluation process, lack of private partnership and NGOs participation. This situation has created

gaps between expectation of citizens and land administration service provided by the sub city land

administration organization in that most of the respondents came in need of quality service that is

efficient, equitable and accountable but more than half of the respondents did not receive as such

services
Toward Open-World Electroencephalogram Decoding Via Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey
Creators: name: Chen, Xun
name: Li, Chang
name: Liu, Aiping
name: McKeown, Martin J.
name: Qian, Ruobing
name: Wang, Z. Jane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electroencephalogram (EEG) decoding aims to identify the perceptual, semantic, and cognitive content of neural processing based on non-invasively measured brain activity. Traditional EEG decoding methods have achieved moderate success when applied to data acquired in static, well-controlled lab environments. However, an open-world environment is a more realistic setting, where situations affecting EEG recordings can emerge unexpectedly, significantly weakening the robustness of existing methods. In recent years, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a potential solution for such problems due to its superior capacity in feature extraction. It overcomes the limitations of defining `handcrafted' features or features extracted using shallow architectures, but typically requires large amounts of costly, expertly-labelled data - something not always obtainable. Combining DL with domain-specific knowledge may allow for development of robust approaches to decode brain activity even with small-sample data. Although various DL methods have been proposed to tackle some of the challenges in EEG decoding, a systematic tutorial overview, particularly for open-world applications, is currently lacking. This article therefore provides a comprehensive survey of DL methods for open-world EEG decoding, and identifies promising research directions to inspire future studies for EEG decoding in real-world applications.
description: Accepted by the IEEE Signal Processing Magazine
Dynamical Friction, Buoyancy and Core-Stalling -- I. A Non-perturbative Orbit-based Analysis
Creators: name: Banik, Uddipan
name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the origin of dynamical friction using a non-perturbative, orbit-based approach. Unlike the standard perturbative approach, in which dynamical friction arises from the LBK torque due to pure resonances, this alternative, complementary view nicely illustrates how a massive perturber significantly changes the energies and angular momenta of field particles on near-resonant orbits, with friction arising from an imbalance between particles that gain energy and those that lose energy. We treat dynamical friction in a spherical host system as a restricted three-body problem. This treatment is applicable in the `slow' regime, in which the perturber sinks slowly and the standard perturbative framework fails due to the onset of non-linearities. Hence it is especially suited to investigate the origin of core-stalling: the cessation of dynamical friction in central constant-density cores. We identify three different families of near-co-rotation-resonant orbits that dominate the contribution to dynamical friction. Their relative contribution is governed by the Lagrange points (fixed points in the co-rotating frame). In particular, one of the three families, which we call Pac-Man orbits because of their appearance in the co-rotating frame, is unique to cored density distributions. When the perturber reaches a central core, a bifurcation of the Lagrange points drastically changes the orbital make-up, with Pac-Man orbits becoming dominant. In addition, due to relatively small gradients in the distribution function inside a core, the net torque from these Pac-Man orbits becomes positive (enhancing), thereby effectuating a dynamical buoyancy. We argue that core stalling occurs where this buoyancy is balanced by friction.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 12 figures, 1 table
Modified Ravitch procedure as an accessible alternative for the treatment of pectus excavatum. A case report
Creators: name: Carla Marina Cruz Rocha M.D.
name: Joel García Villalobos M.D.
name: Hiram Alejandro Bojorquez Sepulveda M.D.
name: Maria Ruth Rocha Salvatierra M.D.
name: Javier Juzmán Villalón M.D.
name: Gadiel Antonio Cruz Rocha M.D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Background: Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital deformity of the anterior thoracic wall. Most patients begin to show symptoms in adolescence, a period in which the deformity worsens. Patients present symptoms such as exercise intolerance, lack of endurance, difficulty breathing with effort or at rest. The indications for surgical correction are based on symptoms or aesthetic, functional and psychological repercussions. The treatment of choice at present is the minimally invasive Modified Nuss technique, which consists of inserting one or two metal bars that rest on the ribs and push the sternum forward (6). However, this technique is expensive and presents a post-surgical recovery with constant retrosternal pain. While compared to the modified Ravitch technique with the use of absorbable mesh as a retrosternal support in pectus excavatum, a more efficient recovery for the patient could be seen. We present the case of a 16-year-old male patient with pectus excavatum with a Haller index of 4.22 with symptomatic repercussions as well as aesthetic repercussions. A modified Ravitch technique was performed with retrosternal mesh placement. The patient had adequate post-surgical pain control and was discharged home 24 hours later. The results were favorable for the patient, so we present the clinical case as an accessible alternative for the repair of pectus excavatum.

 

Keywords: Pectus excavatum, Ravitch procedure.
Analytic Modeling of Synchrotron-Self-Compton Spectra: Application to GRB 190114C
Creators: name: Yamasaki, Shotaro
name: Piran, Tsvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of TeV emission from early gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows revealed the long sought for inverse Compton (IC) upscattering of the lower energy synchrotron. However, it turned out that the long hoped for ability to easily interpret the synchrotron-self-Compton (SSC) spectra didn't materialize. The TeV emission is in the Klein-Nishina (KN) regime and the simple Thomson regime SSC spectrum is modified, complicating the scene. We describe here a methodology to obtain an analytic approximation to an observed spectrum and infer the conditions at the emitting region. The methodology is general and can be used in any such source. As a test case, we apply it to the observations of GRB 190114C. We find that the procedure of fitting the model parameters using the analytic SSC spectrum suffers from some generic problems. However, at the same time, it conveniently gives a useful insight into the conditions that shape the spectrum. Once we introduce a correction to the standard KN approximation, the best fit solution is consistent with the one found in detailed numerical simulations. As in the numerical analysis, we find a family of solutions that provide a good approximation to the data and satisfy roughly $B\propto Γ^{-3}$ between the magnetic field and the bulk Lorentz factor, and we provide a tentative explanation why such a family arises.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, MNRAS in press, updated to match the accepted version
Geography of Wheat Prices: Summary of Conditions Affecting Farm Prices of Wheat in Different Parts of the United States
Creators: name: Zapoleon, L. B.
name: Zapoleon, L. B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1918
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report: This publication deals with the wide variation in the producers' price of wheat throughout the continental United States. State price averages usually embrace large areas and dissimilar conditions; therefore the county has been used as the smallest available working area wherein approximately similar conditions of supply and demand prevail. As the ratios of sectional prices fluctuate with unusual market conditions, an average for the five years, 1910-1914, was employed to differentiate normal from spasmodic differences. Basic figures for each of the five years were compiled from an annual total of about 30,000 township reports. The result constitutes, in effect, a survey of the geography of wheat prices and price factors. In assembling the material herein, a threefold plan has been pursued: First, a tabular presentation of the price averages, by counties (Appendix, p. 34) is supplemented by maps and graphs, to show geographic price zones and related factors. Second, the most suggestive bearings of the indicated price differences are outlined. In an empirical method of treatment only is this phase attempted, for price factors are complex, frequently interdependent, and are not susceptible of absolute measurement. To this has been added a brief retrospective view of price factors from 1871 to 1915, for the purpose of showing present tendencies through their indicated development. Finally, gross price has been contrasted with actual returns by coordinating prices, yields, and cost of production per bushel and per acre.
A Systematic Analysis of Stellar Populations in the Host Galaxies of Changing-look AGNs
Creators: name: Jin, Jun-Jie
name: Wu, Xue-Bing
name: Feng, Xiao-Tong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: "Changing-look" active galactic nuclei (CL-AGNs) are a newly-discovered class of AGNs that show the appearance (or disappearance) of broad emission lines within a short time scale (months to years) and are often associated with the dramatic change of their continuum emissions. They provide us an unprecedented chance to directly investigate the host galaxy properties with minimal contamination from the luminous central engine during the "turn-off" state, which is difficult for normal luminous AGNs. In this work, for the first time, we systematically characterize the stellar populations and star formation histories (SFHs) of host galaxies for 26 turn-off CL-AGNs using the stellar population synthesis code STARLIGHT. We find that the stellar populations of CL-AGNs are similar to that of normal AGNs, excepts that the intermediate stellar populations contribute more fraction. We estimate their stellar velocity dispersions ($\rm σ_{\star}$) and black hole masses ($\rm M_{BH,vir}$) and find that CL-AGNs also follow the overall $\rm M_{BH}-σ_{\star}$ relationship. We also confirm the previous claim that CL-AGNs tend to be biased towards lower Eddington ratio, and their extreme variabilities are more likely due to the intrinsic changes of accretion rates. In addition, CL-AGNs with recent star formations (SF) tend to have higher Eddington ratio. Compared with previous studies, our analysis suggests that there may be a correlation between the CL-AGN host galaxy properties and their CL phenomena.
description: accepted by ApJ
Tuning local microstructure of colloidal gels by ultrasound-activated deformable inclusions
Creators: name: Saint-Michel, Brice
name: Petekidis, George
name: Garbin, Valeria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal gels possess a memory of previous shear events, both steady and oscillatory. This memory, embedded in the microstructure, affects the mechanical response of the gel, and therefore enables precise tuning of the material properties under careful preparation. Here we demonstrate how the dynamics of a deformable inclusion, namely a bubble, can be used to locally tune the microstructure of a colloidal gel. We examine two different phenomena of bubble dynamics that apply a local strain to the surrounding material: dissolution due to mass transfer, with a characteristic strain rate of $10^{-3}$ s$^{-1}$; and volumetric oscillations driven by ultrasound, with a characteristic frequency of $10^4$ s$^{-1}$. We characterise experimentally the microstructure of a model colloidal gel around bubbles in a Hele-Shaw geometry using confocal microscopy and particle tracking. In bubble dissolution experiments, we observe the formation of a pocket of solvent next to the bubble surface, but marginal changes to the microstructure. In experiments with ultrasound-induced bubble oscillations, we observe a striking rearrangement of the gel particles into a microstructure with increased local ordering. High-speed bright-field microscopy reveals the occurrence of both high-frequency bubble oscillations and steady microstreaming flow; both are expected to contribute to the emergence of the local order in the microstructure. These observations open the way to local tuning of colloidal gels based on deformable inclusions controlled by external pressure fields.
description: Fixed title on ArXiv + affiliations in text
Inhibiting Glycosphingolipids Alleviates Cardiac Hypertrophy by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Restoring Autophagic Homeostasis (Raw data).7z
Creators: name: jiang, chunxin
name: Tan, Menglei
name: Hu, Mingming
name: Lai, Lunmeng
name: Zhai, Yanru
name: Chen, Keer
name: Wang, Yanping
name: Chen, Zijun
name: Xie, Qing
name: Li, Yunsen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310107
subject: Glycobiology

description: Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory stress response produced by a variety of factors, and pathologic hypertrophy can lead to irreversible, severe cardiac disease. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are vital constituents of cells, and changes in their content and composition are important factors causing mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, the relationship between GSLs expression and cardiac hypertrophy and specific mechanisms associated with it are not clear. Here, using male C57BL/6 mice, we performed aortic arch reduction surgery to establish an animal model of pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy. In addition, phenylephrine was used in vitro to induce H9c2 cells and neonatal rat left ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) to establish a cellular hypertrophy model. Mass spectrometry revealed that the composition of GSLs was altered in pressure overload-induced hypertrophied mouse hearts and in stimulated hypertrophied cardiomyocyte cell lines. Specifically, in both cases, the proportion of endogenous lactosylceramide (LacCer) was significantly higher than in controls. Inhibition of GSL synthesis with Genz-123346 in NRVMs reduced cell hypertrophy, as well as fibrosis and apoptosis. By Western blotting, we detected decreased intracellular expression of Sirt3 and elevated phosphorylation of JNK after phenylephrine stimulation, but this was reversed in cells pretreated with Genz-123346. Additionally, increased protein expression of FoxO3a and Parkin, along with a decreased LC3-II/I protein ratio in phenylephrine-stimulated cells (compared with unstimulated cells), indicated that the mitochondrial autophagy process was disrupted; again, pretreatment with Genz-123346 reversed that. Therefore, changes in GSLs in cardiomyocytes, especially an increase of LacCer, may be a factor causing cellular hypertrophy, which can be alleviated by inhibition of GSLs synthesis. A possible mechanism is that GSLs inhibition increases the expression of Sirt3 protein, scavenges intracellular reactive oxygen species, and restores mitochondrial autophagy homeostasis, thereby lessening cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In all, these results provide a new perspective for developing drugs for cardiac hypertrophy.
Geographical Phases of Farm Prices: Corn
Creators: name: Zapoleon, L. B.
name: Zapoleon, L. B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1918
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report: The present investigation is confined chiefly to the influence of producing areas, trade routes, and consuming centers upon prices paid to farmers for corn and to a survey of the regional differences in such prices. Existing types of agriculture are determined by a combination of physical and commercial factors. Physical limitations upon most agricultural products may be said to be measured by the average yield in bushels to the acre. High or low yields per acre decrease or increase costs of production. It is also apparent that commercial limitations on production are to a large degree reflected in the price obtained by the farmer. When the varying farm prices of a product are properly charted on a map they are seen to increase or decrease in determinate directions. The regions of lowest and of highest prices are thus shown clearly, also regions or zones of intermediate prices. The directions of the price movement vary with each product. Small areas appear where farm prices are higher or lower than in the surrounding territory or zone. The "geography of farm prices" is thus a controlling element in crop selection. The county has been used as the basis of measurement in this bulletin. It represents the smallest unit of area for which farm prices are to be had. The base figures were compiled from the annual reports of about 30,000 township reporters of the Bureau of Crop Estimates for December 1, 1910-1914, inclusive. Five-year averages were used instead of quotations for a single year, in order to represent more nearly normal rather than occasional conditions. A tabular presentation of the prices of corn, by States and counties, is given in the Appendix (p. 45). Geographic variation of prices is depicted by means of maps and graphs.
The Magellan M2FS Spectroscopic Survey of High-$z$ Galaxies: Lyα Emitters at $z\approx6.6$ and the Evolution of Lyα Luminosity Function over $z\approx5.7-6.6$
Creators: name: Ning, Yuanhang
name: Jiang, Linhua
name: Zheng, Zhen-Ya
name: Wu, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a sample of Lyα emitters (LAEs) at $z\approx6.6$ from our spectroscopic survey of high-redshift galaxies using the multi-object spectrograph M2FS on the Magellan Clay telescope. The sample consists of 36 LAEs selected by the narrow-band (NB921) technique over nearly 2 deg$^2$ in the sky. These galaxies generally have high Lyα luminosities spanning a range of ${\sim}3\times10^{42}{-}7\times10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$, and include some of the most Lyα-luminous galaxies known at this redshift. They show a positive correlation between the Lyα line width and Lyα luminosity, similar to the relation previously found in $z\approx5.7$ LAEs. Based on the spectroscopic sample, we calculate a sophisticated sample completeness correction and derive the Lyα luminosity function (LF) at $z\approx6.6$. We detect a density bump at the bright end of the Lyα LF that is significantly above the best-fit Schechter function, suggesting that very luminous galaxies tend to reside in overdense regions that have formed large ionized bubbles around them. By comparing with the $z\approx5.7$ Lyα LF, we confirm that there is a rapid LF evolution at the faint end, but a lack of evolution at the bright end. The fraction of the neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium at $z\approx6.6$ estimated from such a rapid evolution is about $\sim0.3\pm0.1$, supporting a rapid and rather late process of cosmic reionization.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Übersicht der Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der CO2-Konzentration in der Atmosphäre
Creators: name: Lozán, José L.
name: Graßl, Hartmut
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: CDR methods, biological-based CDR methods, Aufforstung und Wiederaufforstung von Wäldern, Renaturierung und Wiedervernässung der Moore, Renaturierung der Flussauen, Düngung der Meere, Produktion von Mikroalgen, gentechnisch veränderte Pflanzengeo-chemical-based CDR-Methods, Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS, BECCS, Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage, BioChar, Humusaufbau, Beschleunigte Verwitterung, Alkalinisierung des Ozeans

description: Im vorliegenden Kapitel wird eine Übersicht der wichtigsten CDR-Verfahren zusammengestellt. Bei diesen unterscheidet man oft marine und terrestrische Methoden. Wir differenzieren hier aber zwischen biologisch- und geo-chemisch-basierten CDR-Verfahren, weil die Akzeptanz der Verfahren davon stark abhängt. Overview of available measures to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere: In this chapter, an overview of the most important CDR methods is compiled. These often distinguish between marine and terrestrial methods. However, we differentiate here between biological- and geo-chemical-based CDR methods, because the acceptance of the methods depends strongly on this.
Revisiting the no-boundary proposal with a scalar field
Creators: name: Jonas, Caroline
name: Lehners, Jean-Luc
name: Meyer, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent works have suggested that the no-boundary proposal should be defined as a sum over regular, not necessarily compact, metrics. We show that such a prescription can be implemented in the presence of a scalar field. For concreteness, we consider the model of Garay et al., in which the potential is a sum of exponentials, and which lends itself to an analytical treatment. Compared to the earlier implementation, we find that saddle points with unstable fluctuations can be eliminated by imposition of an appropriate regularity condition. This leads to the appearance of additional saddle points, corresponding to unclosed geometries. We argue that such saddles will occur generically, though we also find in our example that they are subdominant to the closed, Hartle-Hawking, saddle points. When the potential is positive, classical spacetime is only predicted for inflationary histories. When the potential is negative, we recover the AdS gravitational path integral, with a stable scalar field included. One puzzle that we find is that in general the path integral must be restricted to sum only over specific, discrete and late time dependent initial values of the scalar field. Only when the scalar is required to take real values is this puzzle eliminated, a situation that moreover leads to advantageous phenomenological characteristics.
description: 41 pages, 12 figures
Geographical Phases of Farm Prices: Oats
Creators: name: Zapoleon, L. B.
name: Zapoleon, L. B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1919
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report: The price a farmer gets for his products varies greatly according to the section of the country in which he is situated. For some crops—the staples even—twice as high a price level frequently prevails in one part of the United States as in another. In this bulletin a survey is made of the sectional differences throughout the United States in the producers' prices of oats. Some consideration is also given to the influence of producing areas, trade routes and consuming centers upon such variations, and to local factors which qualify price advantage—factors such as relative yields in bushels to the acre and costs of production. Sectional differences in the farmers' price of oats have been charted on Maps 1 and 2. In Map 1 a price unit of 10 cents has been used to show tendencies due to broad general influences, as distinct from the minor variations due to local factors. Minor variations are shown in Map 2, which is more detailed. The farm prices of oats, by counties, which form the base of these maps—averages by counties for the five years, 1910-1914—are given in the Appendix; also a further explanation of data and methods.
Terahertz Field-Induced Reemergence of Quenched Photoluminescence in Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Shi, Jiaojian
name: Gao, Frank Y.
name: Zhang, Zhuquan
name: Utzat, Hendrik
name: Barotov, Ulugbek
name: Farahvash, Ardavan
name: Han, Jinchi
name: Deschamps, Jude
name: Baik, Chan-Wook
name: Cho, Kyung Sang
name: Bulović, Vladimir
name: Willard, Adam P.
name: Baldini, Edoardo
name: Gedik, Nuh
name: Bawendi, Moungi G.
name: Nelson, Keith A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuous and concerted development of colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting diodes over the past two decades has established them as a bedrock technology for the next generation of displays. However, a fundamental issue that limits the performance of these devices is the quenching of photoluminescence due to excess charges from conductive charge transport layers. Although device designs have leveraged various workarounds, doing so often comes at the cost of limiting efficient charge injection. Here we demonstrate that high-field terahertz (THz) pulses can dramatically brighten quenched QDs on metallic surfaces, an effect which persists for minutes after THz irradiation. This phenomenon is attributed to the ability of the THz field to remove excess charges, thereby reducing trion and non-radiative Auger recombination. Our findings show that THz technologies can be used to suppress and control such undesired non-radiative decay, potentially in a variety of luminescent materials for future device applications.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures
Slowly-rotating curved acoustic black holes: Quasinormal modes, Hawking-Unruh radiation and quasibound states
Creators: name: Vieira, H. S.
name: Destounis, Kyriakos
name: Kokkotas, Kostas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrophysical black holes are generally surrounded by accretion disks, galactic matter and the omnipresent cosmic microwave background radiation, thus allowing for the concurrent propagation of both gravitational and sound waves. Recently, acoustic black holes were embedded in Schwarzschild spacetime allowing for the coexistence of event and acoustic horizons. Here, we obtain a class of perturbative solutions to the field equations of the relativistic Gross-Pitaevskii and Yang-Mills theories, which describe sound waves propagating on a curved slowly-rotating acoustic black hole, akin to Lense-Thirring spacetime. We investigate the quasinormal mode frequencies, Hawking-Unruh radiation, and quasibound states. Our novel metric mimics the gravitational field of astrophysical compact objects in the limiting case of slow rotation, and therefore could, in principle, shed more light into the underlying classical and quantum physics of black holes through analog acoustic probes.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures. Matches published version in PRD
Polarised superlocalization in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia
Creators: name: Iszaly, Zs.
name: Gresits, I.
name: Marian, I. G.
name: Thuroczy, Gy.
name: Sagi, O.
name: Markus, B. G.
name: Simon, F.
name: Nandori, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic hyperthermia is an adjuvant therapy for cancer where injected magnetic nanoparticles are used to transfer energy from the time-dependent applied magnetic field into the surrounding medium. Its main importance is to be able to increase the temperature of the human body locally. This localization can be further increased by using a combination of static and alternating external magnetic fields. For example, if the static field is inhomogeneous and the alternating field is oscillating then the energy transfer and consequently, the heat generation is non-vanishing only where the gradient field is zero which results in superlocalization. Our goal here is to study theoretically and experimentally whether the perpendicular or parallel combination of static and oscillating fields produce a better superlocalization. A considerable polarisation effect in superlocalization for small frequencies and large field strengths which are of great importance in practice is found.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, final version, published in J. Phys. D
The Turing Way Book Dash: Onboarding Call
Creators: name: The Turing Way
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The Turing Way Book Dash events are a less intense version of Book Sprints, where participants collaboratively work on The Turing Way book synchronously to develop new chapters and review/edit existing ones to make them more accessible, comprehensive and up-to-date. They also contribute to enhancing the project by improving the ways we work in the community and take the lead on accomplishing different tasks or sub-projects.
This material is being used for the November 2023 Book Dash as onboarding materials for participants.
Dynamic Measure of Hyperuniformity and Nonhyperuniformity in Heterogeneous Media via the Diffusion Spreadability
Creators: name: Wang, Haina
name: Torquato, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently developed concept of spreadability, $\mathcal{S}(t)$, provides a direct link between time-dependent diffusive transport and the microstructure of two-phase media across length scales. We explicitly compute $\mathcal{S}(t)$ for well-known two-dimensional and three-dimensional model structures, including nonhyperuniform fully penetrable spheres and equilibrium hard spheres, as well as hyperuniform sphere packings derived from perfect glasses, uniformly randomized lattices (URL), disordered stealthy point processes and Bravais lattices. We further confirm that the small-, intermediate- and long-time behaviors of $\mathcal{S}(t)$ sensitively capture the small-, intermediate- and large-scale characteristics of the models. In instances in which the spectral density $\tildeχ_{_V}(\mathbf{k})$ has a power-law form $B|\mathbf{k}|^α$ in the limit $|\mathbf{k}|\rightarrow 0$, the long-time spreadability provides a simple means to extract the value of the coefficients $α$ and $B$ that is robust against noise in $\tildeχ_{_V}(\mathbf{k})$ at small wavenumbers. Interestingly, the excess spreadability $\mathcal{S}(\infty)-\mathcal{S}(t)$ for URL packings has nearly exponential decay at small to intermediate $t$, but transforms to a power-law decay at large $t$. Our study of the aforementioned models enables us to devise an algorithm that accurately extracts large-scale behaviors from diffusion data alone. Lessons learned from such analyses of our models are used to determine accurately the large-scale structural characteristics of a sample Fontainebleau sandstone, which we show is nonhyperuniform. Our study demonstrates the practical applicability of the diffusion spreadability to extract crucial microstructural information from real data across length scales and provides a basis for the inverse design of materials with desirable time-dependent diffusion properties.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures
Aufforstung, Wiederaufforstung und nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung für die Klimawandelmitigation
Creators: name: Obermeier, Wolfgang
name: Egerer, Sabine
name: Pongratz, Julia
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: Afforestation, reforestation, sustainable forest management, climate change mitigation, negative emission technologies (NET), forest productivity, wood for energy, wood extraction

description: Afforestation, reforestation and sustainable forest management for climate change mitigation: Afforestation, reforesta­tion, and sustainable forest management are considered accepted negative emission technologies (NET) with great potential for climate change mitigation. However, future forest development is highly dependent on changing environmental conditions as well as adapted forest management. For example, the increase and intensification of disturbances and extreme weather conditions (e.g., windthrow, insect infestations, fires, and drought) can greatly reduce forest productivity, especially in monocultures; at the same time, rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and forest productivity extended into boreal latitudes can favor the NET potential. In addition, the way wood products are used affects the future NET potential. For example, long-term usage as construction timber is particularly effective, especially if it replaces fossil building materials. Similarly, the usage of wood for energy can mitigate climate change, provided that wood extraction does not exceed regrowth. Biogeophysical effects can also influence local and non-local climate, for example through changes in albedo, roughness, and transpiration. This occurs depending on local conditions as well as forestry adaptation and underscores the need to weigh the various effects of an action that affect climate. In addition, a variety of potentially positive as well as negative side effects on other ecosystem services must be considered - most importantly, biodiversity, water availability, and the need for land for food production.
D6.1 Communication and Dissemination Strategy
Creators: name: Chavardes, Chloe
name: Rodrigues, Sasha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Polluted urban water runoff is a significant threat to public health and biodiversity. Changing rainfall patterns causing storm overflows and the discovery of new contaminants are only increasing the problems caused and it is important for urban planners, policy makers and water utilities to work together into order to mitigate the effects of diffuse pollution. One potentially scalable method of mitigation is implementing hybrid Nature Based Solutions (NBS). By identifying and monitoring water pollutants, their sources, and impacts, NBS can be scaled based on social needs, policy, and urban design. The synergies formed, knowledge gained and insights from the three pilot locations will be instrumental in developing hybrid NBS as scalable solutions. 

Communication and dissemination are core activities in the D4RUNOFF project to ensure that the knowledge and the results generated in the project are communicated to the relevant stakeholders in a clear, consistent, and effective manner. 

While dissemination activities focus on knowledge and information transfer towards stakeholders, communication activities focus on public communication and raising awareness.

This first version of the Communication and Dissemination Strategy (D6.1) includes the actions, tools, channels, and messages to be implemented to maximise the reach and impact of D4RUNOFF in the first 18 months of the project. This document will serve as the reference for project partners when communicating and disseminating information about D4RUNOFF. Delivered in M3, it will be updated to track and measure the impact of specific communication activities, metrics or key performance indicators (KPIs). The subsequent versions of the deliverable will be submitted D6.3 at M18 and D6.13 at M42.
Widening the $U(1)_{L_μ-L_τ}$ $Z^\prime$ mass range for resolving the muon $g-2$ anomaly
Creators: name: Cheng, Yu
name: He, Xiao-Gang
name: Sun, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exchanging a $Z^\prime$ gauge boson is a favored mechanism to solve the muon $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly. Among such models the $Z^\prime$ from $U(1)_{L_μ- L_τ}$ gauge group has been extensively studied. In this model the same interaction addressing $(g-2)_μ$, leads to an enhanced muon neutrino trident (MNT) process $ν_μN \to ν_μμ\bar μN$ constraining the $Z^\prime$ mass to be less than a few hundred MeV. Many other $Z^\prime$ models face the same problem. It has long been realized that the coupling of $Z^\prime$ in the model can admit $(\bar μγ^μτ+ \bar ν_μγ^μL ν_τ)Z^\prime_μ$ interaction which does not contribute to the MNT process. It can solve $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly for a much wider $Z^\prime$ mass range. However this new interaction induces $τ\to μ\barν_μν_τ$ which rules out it as a solution to $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly. Here we propose a mechanism by introducing type-II seesaw $SU(2)_L$ triplet scalars to evade constraints from all known data to allow a wide $Z^\prime$ mass range to solve the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly. This mechanism opens a new window for $Z^\prime$ physics.
description: to be appear on PLB