cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Formative assessment strategies for students' conceptions—The potential of learning analytics
Creators: name: Stanja, Judith
name: Gritz, Wolfgang
name: Krugel, Johannes
name: Hoppe, Anett
name: Dannemann, Sarah
Publisher: name: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: biology education
subject: computer science education
subject: formative assessment
subject: learning analytics
subject: students' conceptions/explanations
subject: synthesis paper
subject: teacher support
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::370 | Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Formative assessment is considered to be helpful in students' learning support and teaching design. Following Aufschnaiter's and Alonzo's framework, formative assessment practices of teachers can be subdivided into three practices: eliciting evidence, interpreting evidence and responding. Since students' conceptions are judged to be important for meaningful learning across disciplines, teachers are required to assess their students' conceptions. The focus of this article lies on the discussion of learning analytics for supporting the assessment of students' conceptions in class. The existing and potential contributions of learning analytics are discussed related to the named formative assessment framework in order to enhance the teachers' options to consider individual students' conceptions. We refer to findings from biology and computer science education on existing assessment tools and identify limitations and potentials with respect to the assessment of students' conceptions. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Students' conceptions are considered to be important for learning processes, but interpreting evidence for learning with respect to students' conceptions is challenging for teachers. Assessment tools have been developed in different educational domains for teaching practice. Techniques from artificial intelligence and machine learning have been applied for automated assessment of specific aspects of learning. What does the paper add Findings on existing assessment tools from two educational domains are summarised and limitations with respect to assessment of students' conceptions are identified. Relevent data that needs to be analysed for insights into students' conceptions is identified from an educational perspective. Potential contributions of learning analytics to support the challenging task to elicit students' conceptions are discussed. Implications for practice and/or policy Learning analytics can enhance the eliciting of students' conceptions. Based on the analysis of existing works, further exploration and developments of analysis techniques for unstructured text and multimodal data are desirable to support the eliciting of students' conceptions.
Provident vehicle detection at night for advanced driver assistance systems
Creators: name: Ewecker, Lukas
name: Asan, Ebubekir
name: Ohnemus, Lars
name: Saralajew, Sascha
Publisher: name: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Advanced driver assistance systems
subject: Provident object detection
subject: Vehicle detection
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: In recent years, computer vision algorithms have become more powerful, which enabled technologies such as autonomous driving to evolve rapidly. However, current algorithms mainly share one limitation: They rely on directly visible objects. This is a significant drawback compared to human behavior, where visual cues caused by objects (e. g., shadows) are already used intuitively to retrieve information or anticipate occurring objects. While driving at night, this performance deficit becomes even more obvious: Humans already process the light artifacts caused by the headlamps of oncoming vehicles to estimate where they appear, whereas current object detection systems require that the oncoming vehicle is directly visible before it can be detected. Based on previous work on this subject, in this paper, we present a complete system that can detect light artifacts caused by the headlights of oncoming vehicles so that it detects that a vehicle is approaching providently (denoted as provident vehicle detection). For that, an entire algorithm architecture is investigated, including the detection in the image space, the three-dimensional localization, and the tracking of light artifacts. To demonstrate the usefulness of such an algorithm, the proposed algorithm is deployed in a test vehicle to use the detected light artifacts to control the glare-free high beam system proactively (react before the oncoming vehicle is directly visible). Using this experimental setting, the provident vehicle detection system’s time benefit compared to an in-production computer vision system is quantified. Additionally, the glare-free high beam use case provides a real-time and real-world visualization interface of the detection results by considering the adaptive headlamps as projectors. With this investigation of provident vehicle detection, we want to put awareness on the unconventional sensing task of detecting objects providently (detection based on observable visual cues the objects cause before they are visible) and further close the performance gap between human behavior and computer vision algorithms to bring autonomous and automated driving a step forward.
Inelastic Confinement-Induced Resonances in Low-Dimensional Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Sala, Simon
name: Schneider, Philipp-Immanuel
name: Saenz, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical model is presented describing the confinement-induced resonances observed in the recent loss experiment of Haller et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 153203 (2010)]. These resonances originate from possible molecule formation due to the coupling of center-of-mass and relative motion. A corresponding model is verified by ab initio calculations and predicts the resonance positions in 1D as well as in 2D confinement in agreement with the experiment. This resolves the contradiction of the experimental observations to previous theoretical predictions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Mapping uncertainty in precision medicine: A systematic scoping review
Creators: name: Lohse, Simon
Publisher: name: Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: evidence-based medicine
subject: genomic medicine
subject: individualized healthcare
subject: omics technology
subject: personalized medicine
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Rationale: Although precision medicine is seen by many as one of the most promising advances in the field of medicine, it has also raised critical questions at various levels. Many of these concerns revolve around an observation described by Kimmelman and Tannock as the ‘paradox of precision medicine’: somewhat surprisingly, uncertainty seems to be a key characteristic of precision medicine in practice. Aims and Objective: To better understand this concept and the underlying issues, a scoping review was undertaken to search for factors stated in the literature as contributing to or being aspects of uncertainty in precision medicine. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in three databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, and Jstor) and complemented with a systematic hand-search. The initial search provided 1.252 items of which 51 articles for selected as eligible for further analysis. These articles were coded with MAXQDA and categorized into four main themes (a–d) of uncertainty. The main results were summarized and discussed with a view to the interrelations between different aspects and implications for precision medicine in practice. Results: The mapping of different aspects and sources of uncertainty leads to the key result that ‘uncertainty’ should be understood as a cluster concept. Uncertainties are identified in many different respects and situated at different levels: Most complexity-related issues (theme a) can best be understood as ontological (‘world-sided’) aspects of the uncertainty paradox. Conceptual (theme b) and evidence-related uncertainties (theme c) are situated on an epistemological or methodological level, addressing foundational and normative challenges related to knowledge production in precision medicine. Finally, theme (d) targets issues on the level of material precision medicine practices. These levels are helpful to understand the different dimensions of the uncertainty paradox. Conclusions: Uncertainty may not merely be a transient effect of the novelty of the precision medicine paradigm. Rather, it should be seen as a consequence of the ontological, epistemological and practical complexity of precision medicine, implying that uncertainty will not necessarily be reduced by more research. This finding encourages further investigations to better understand the interactions among various factors and aspects of uncertainty in precision medicine and the resulting implications for research and medical practice.
Strict Quantization of Polynomial Poisson Structures
Creators: name: Barmeier, Severin
name: Schmitt, Philipp
Publisher: name: Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: deformation quantizations
subject: star products
subject: convergence
subject: formality
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: We show how combinatorial star products can be used to obtain strict deformation quantizations of polynomial Poisson structures on Rd, generalizing known results for constant and linear Poisson structures to polynomial Poisson structures of arbitrary degree. We give several examples of nonlinear Poisson structures and construct explicit formal star products whose deformation parameter can be evaluated to any real value of ħ, giving strict quantizations on the space of analytic functions on Rd with infinite radius of convergence. We also address further questions such as continuity of the classical limit ħ→ 0 , compatibility with ∗-involutions, and the existence of positive linear functionals. The latter can be used to realize the strict quantizations as ∗-algebras of operators on a pre-Hilbert space which we demonstrate in a concrete example.
An analysis of police violence against Indigenous women in British Columbia
Creators: name: Van Camp, Cassie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Indigenous women in Canada experience highly disproportionate rates of police violence in comparison to non-Indigenous women. The police service in Canada has historically been rooted in deeply colonial, violent and patriarchal values. In the late nineteenth century, the North West Mounted Police (NWMP), now known as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), was created with the intent to provide surveillance over Indigenous communities and to displace Indigenous peoples from their land. Indigenous women in Canada experience significantly higher rates of victimization than any other population. They experience violence at a rate 3.5 times higher than their non-Indigenous counterparts, and are 12 times more likely to be murdered or missing than any other women in Canada, and 16 times more likely than white women. This study asks why Indigenous women in British Columbia experience higher rates of police violence than non-Indigenous women and explores how this is related to the structural violence that is enacted upon Indigenous women through Canadian policing practices. Through a critical analysis of police oversight bodies, media representations of Indigenous women and Access to Information Requests (ATI), the thesis aims to identify how structural violence is inflicted upon Indigenous women through various institutions such as the media and the police service. Additionally, this thesis explores barriers to accessing and producing knowledge about violence against Indigenous women, which are erected by university ethics review boards or institutional review boards (IRBs) and Access to Information mechanisms. The findings of this research point to a historically broken relationship between Indigenous women and the police and reveals that current Canadian policies practices continue to perpetuate oppressive and colonial structural and physical violence toward Indigenous women. Collectively, these findings suggest the need for a singular oversight body that is responsible for overseeing all investigations and reports of misconduct, in addition to a national database that tracks incidents of police violence and misconduct. The final recommendation is for the creation of a new provincial police service in British Columbia.
Passage of radiation through wormholes of arbitrary shape
Creators: name: Konoplya, R. A.
name: Zhidenko, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quasinormal modes and scattering properties via calculation of the $S$-matrix for scalar and electromagnetic fields propagating in the background of spherically and axially symmetric, traversable Lorentzian wormholes of a generic shape. Such wormholes are described by the Morris-Thorne ansatz and its axially symmetric generalization. The properties of quasinormal ringing and scattering are shown to be determined by the behavior of the wormhole's shape function $b(r)$ and shift factor $Φ(r)$ near the throat. In particular, wormholes with the shape function $b(r)$, such that $b'(r) \approx 1$, have very long-lived quasinormal modes in the spectrum. We have proved that the axially symmetric traversable Lorentzian wormholes, unlike black holes and other compact rotating objects, do not allow for superradiance. As a by product we have shown that the 6th order WKB formula used for scattering problems of black or wormholes provides high accuracy and thus can be used for quite accurate calculations of the Hawking radiation processes around various black holes.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, the automatic procedure for calculations of the 6th order WKB quasinormal modes and reflection/transmission coefficients can be found on https://goo.gl/nykYGL
Influence of the laser position in laser-assisted WAAM process on weld bead shape and surface properties
Creators: name: Biester, Kai
name: Lammers, Marius
name: Hermsdorf, Jörg
name: Kaierle, Stefan
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Additive Manufacturing
subject: laser-assisted WAAM
subject: surface properties
subject: weld bead shape
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: The lateral use of the laser in laser-assisted WAAM processes, resulting in a directional dependence, can influence the bead shape and the bead surface. The influence of the laser position on the weld bead is investigated. Beads with different laser positions are applied and the height and width as well as the waviness of the beads are evaluated. In addition, claddings are welded and the waviness is measured. The waviness along the beads ranges from 8.77 to 34.66 µm, and no significant correlation with the welding direction could be determined. For the bead shape, the differences in height range from 3.54 to 3.90 mm and in width from 8.20 to 8.89 mm. Based on the results, a dependence on the laser position for surface properties and weld bead shape becomes clear.
Strain-Rate-Dependent Effects of Nanomaterials on the Microstructure of Cementitious Composites and the Implications for Mechanical Performance, Failure, and Fragmentation
Creators: name: TOURANI, NAVID
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 340307
subject: Structure and dynamics of materials
classificationCode: 400510
subject: Structural engineering
classificationCode: 401807
subject: Nanomaterials

description: This thesis examines the interplay between the microstructural influences of nanomaterials and loading rates on the engineering performance of cement composites. It identifies the key characteristics of nanomaterial that could be leveraged to enhance these composites across different loading rates and underscores the significance of dynamic investigations to fully understand the nano-modification effects.
Rail Capital - Will There Be Sufficient?
Creators: name: Joplin, A.F.
name: Detmold, P.J.
name: Joplin, A.F.
name: Detmold, P.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Transportation Research Forum, June 1976
title: Feeling Left Behind by Political Decisionmakers: Anti-Establishment Sentiment in Contemporary Democracies
Creators: name: Droste, Luigi
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 300 Social sciences, Anthropology

description: According to much of the extant literature, feelings and beliefs among many citizens of being left behind and unheard by unresponsive political decisionmakers, who lack moral integrity represent the epicenter of recent protest and populist discontent in democratic society. Based on survey data for 20 contemporary democracies from two ISSP waves, we found that anti-establishment attitudes are not shared among the majority of respondents. Although there are differences between country contexts. Such sentiment is associated with macrostructural dynamics, since unfavorable attitudes toward politicians are more widespread among publics in countries which are exposed to higher levels of public corruption and witnessed increasing levels of income inequality. Besides, such sentiment is also restricted to particular social groups of society, because hostile feelings toward political decisionmakers are stronger among citizens in the lower ranks of society and among younger birth cohorts. Since the beginning of the century and throughout the Great Recession, unfavorable attitudes toward politicians have not increased among the public in advanced democracies. However, our analysis indicates that respondents with such attitudes have increasingly turned toward voting for anti-elite parties to raise their voice and now make use of online options to express their political views more frequently than in the past. Overall, the analysis contributes to recent research on populist and reactionist dynamics in contemporary democracies by addressing dynamics and structures of the feeling of being left behind by political decisionmakers and its implications for political (in)activity.
description: Finanziert über die Cogitatio Institutional Membership.
Measurement-induced quantum entanglement recovery
Creators: name: Xu, Xiao-Ye
name: Xu, Jin-Shi
name: Li, Chuan-Feng
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using photon pairs created in parametric down conversion, we report on an experiment, which demonstrates that measurement can recover the quantum entanglement of two qubit system in a pure dephasing environment. The concurrence of the final state with and without measurement are compared and analyzed. Furthermore, we verify that recovered states can still violate Bell's inequality, that is, to say, such recovered states exhibit nonlocality. In the context of quantum entanglement, sudden death and rebirth provide clear evidence, which verifies that entanglement dynamics of the system is sensitive not only to its environment, but also on its initial state.
description: This is a new version. Some typos in the Physics Review A version have been corrected
Pedagogy of home-inquiry : the Zen way
Creators: name: Huynh, Phuong Mai
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: At school, what seems to be the core is the most forsaken and desolate. The blind spot of education is the neglect of the subjective world while confining its efforts merely to the objective world. Education lacks attention to discover one’s home-being that is the ultimate ground of human existence. We no longer remember where/who we truly are and dismiss the possibility of dwelling home in our daily living. Education is thereby driving students into a strange sense of displacement, uprooting and homeless-ness. And, in this forgetfulness, we become aliens to our own home. This, then is the existential inquiry of where our true home is. Relying on the way of Zen, a pedagogy of home-inquiry will explore the sense of home in relating to goals, methodology, place-time, name, form. Unlike tangible approaches that are mostly applied in the objective world, home-inquiry that is inner discovery of one’s subjective world. What difference would be seen in pedagogy of home-inquiry is the shift the way from goal-oriented to source-oriented practice; from approaching to allowing; from linear-time moving to here-now dwelling; from linguistic mastery to linguistic responding; from a human-centric to an eco-harmonious worldview. That is the “attending to the embodied and the subtle” (Bai et al., 2016, p. 77) through meditative, eco-poetic inquiry. Bringing back pedagogy to its truest meanings is to recover a sense of home where we can re-connect and re-locate.
Verticicosta crassicostata Huang & Lin 2020, n. comb.
Creators: name: Huang, Shih-I
name: Lin, Ming-Hui
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Capulidae
Verticicosta
Verticicosta crassicostata

description: Verticicosta crassicostata (Melvill, 1912) n. comb. 波斯毛螺 (Plate 1, fig. 3) Trichotropis crassicostata Melvill, 1912 — Descriptions of thirty-three new species of Gastropoda from the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, and North Arabian Sea. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 10: 240–254; page 243, plate 12, fig. 5; type locality: gulf of Omen, 24°58’N, 56°54’E, 156 fathoms (= 285 m) depth. RANGE AND HABITAT Subtropical Indian Ocean, Gulf of Omen, 24°58’N, 56°54’E, 285 m depth, sand bottom. COMPARISON AND REMARKS Shell length 4 mm, small for genus; high-conic and turbiniform with rounded whorl edge. The 1 st teleoconch whorl contains 2 spiral cords and penultimate whorl contains 4 cords and 9 wide and elevated axial ribs. “ …the character of the longitudinal ribs, those of the species now before us being much fewer, more incrassate, and rudely formed… ” in the original description, Melvill (1912) emphasized the differences between V. crassicostata n. comb. and Trichotropis townsendi Melvill & Standen, 1901 having decussated sculpture with axial ribs and spiral cords of equal strength. T. townsendi is not included in Verticicosta n. gen.. V. crassicostata n. comb. is small in profile and bears less axial ribs and spiral cords per whorl than Verticosta campanella n. sp. and Verticosta lanterna n. sp.. Warén & Bouchet (1991) illustrated another 6mm Trichotropis crassicostata from 930 to 980 m depth off Réunion. The whorl is horizontally expanded and edge is angulated; sculpture is composed of 2 adapical infrasutural cords and P1 to P4 derived spiral cords and 17 elevated axial ribs on penultimate whorl. This is an undescribed species in Verticosta n. gen.. There are many other Trichotropis crassicostata by web research and none of them matches the holotype from Gulf of Omen.
description: Published as part of Huang, Shih-I & Lin, Ming-Hui, 2020, Verticosta n. gen. from Taiwan, Philippine, Gulf of Oman and North Atlantic Ocean (GASTROPODA, CAPULIDAE), pp. 13-24 in Bulletin of Malacology, Taiwan 43 on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3600079
description: {"references": ["1991 Mollusca Gastropoda: Systematic position and revision of Haloceras Dall, 1889 (Caenogastropoda, Haloceratidae fam. Nov.) Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle 150 (1): 111 - 161; page 132, figs. 48, 49. Marion-Dufresne cruise 32, stn DC 10, 21 \u00b0 13 ' S, 55 \u00b0 52 ' E; 930 to 980 m depth, Reunion."]}
Essays in the Estimation and Use of Impulse Response Functions in Macroeconometrics
Creators: name: DINH, VIET HOANG
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 380202
subject: Econometric and statistical methods

description: This thesis proposes practical solutions to address three challenges of local projections (LPs). First, it introduces subspace methods to address the issue of difficult estimation of impulse response functions (IRFs) by LP given many controls. Second, it shows that pooling vector autoregression (VAR) and LP IRFs with an equal weight across horizons may address the bias-variance trade-off in IRF estimation in the choice between VAR and LP. Finally, it studies the role of consumer sentiment in the transmission of monetary policy to consumer expenditure using counterfactual analysis.
QCD for collider physics
Creators: name: Diehl, Markus
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: Lecture at International School of High-Energy Physics 2019 (Cargese, France), 11 Apr 2019 - 11 Apr 2019
description: The interpretation of most measurements at particle colliders relies on a quantitative understanding of the strong interactions. The aim of this lecture is to explain the concepts that allow us to make precise QCD predictions for high-energy collisions.
Prym varieties and their moduli
Creators: name: Farkas, Gavril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss the geometry of the moduli space of Prym varieties. The article is based on series of lectures given in Bedlewo and Luminy. The first section of the paper contains a detailed historical account of the lives of Friedrich Prym and Friedrich Schottky.
description: 35 pages, minor corrections and additions. To appear in "Contributions to algebraic geometry" edited by P. Pragacz and published by the EMS
Sequential Strong Measurements and Heat Vision
Creators: name: Navascues, Miguel
name: Perez-Garcia, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study scenarios where a finite set of non-demolition von-Neumann measurements are available. We note that, in some situations, repeated application of such measurements allows estimating an infinite number of parameters of the initial quantum state, and illustrate the point with a physical example. We then move on to study how the system under observation is perturbed after several rounds of projective measurements. While in the finite dimensional case the effect of this perturbation always saturates, there are some instances of infinite dimensional systems where such a perturbation is accumulative, and the act of retrieving information about the system increases its energy indefinitely (i.e., we have `Heat Vision'). We analyze this effect and discuss a specific physical system with two dichotomic von-Neumann measurements where Heat Vision is expected to show.
description: See the Appendix for weird examples of heat vision
Topological density wave states of non-zero angular momentum
Creators: name: Hsu, Chen-Hsuan
name: Raghu, S.
name: Chakravarty, Sudip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pseudogap state of high temperature superconductors is a profound mystery. It has tantalizing evidence of a number of broken symmetry states, not necessarily conventional charge and spin density waves. Here we explore a class of more exotic density wave states characterized by topological properties observed in recently discovered topological insulators. We suggest that these rich topological density wave states deserve closer attention in not only high temperature superconductors but in other correlated electron states, as in heavy fermions.
description: Expanded version, 7 pages, 6 figures
ИЗМЕНЕНИЯХ В ПОЛОСТИ РТА У ДЕТЕЙ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ПИЕЛОНЕФРИТОМ
Creators: name: Камолова, Лобар
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Хронический пиелонефрит — это длительное воспаление почек, особенно почечных канальцев и окружающих структур. Обычно это вызвано рецидивирующими инфекциями мочевыводящих путей, которые распространяются на почки. У детей это может чаще встречаться у лиц с врожденными аномалиями мочевыводящих путей или состояниями, нарушающими отток мочи.
Pulse Shaping Strategies for Efficient Switching of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions by Spin-Orbit Torque
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Marco
name: Krizakova, Viola
name: Kateel, Vaishnavi
name: Cai, Kaiming
name: Couet, Sebastien
name: Gambardella, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The writing energy for reversing the magnetization of the free layer in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is a key figure of merit for comparing the performances of magnetic random access memories with competing technologies. Magnetization switching of MTJs induced by spin torques typically relies on square voltage pulses. Here, we focus on the switching of perpendicular MTJs driven by spin-orbit torque (SOT), for which the magnetization reversal process consists of sequential domain nucleation and domain wall propagation. By performing a systematic study of the switching efficiency and speed as a function of pulse shape, we show that shaped pulses achieve up to 50% reduction of writing energy compared to square pulses without compromising the switching probability and speed. Time-resolved measurements of the tunneling magnetoresistance reveal how the switching times are strongly impacted by the pulse shape and temperature rise during the pulse. The optimal pulse shape consists of a preheating phase, a maximum amplitude to induce domain nucleation, and a lower amplitude phase to complete the reversal. Our experimental results, corroborated by micromagnetic simulations, provide diverse options to reduce the energy footprint of SOT devices in magnetic memory applications.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Air Passenger Pricing and Public Policy
Creators: name: Glasspoole, G.C.
name: Glenn, C.H.
name: Tripp, T.W.
name: Glasspoole, G.C.
name: Glenn, C.H.
name: Tripp, T.W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Transportation Research Forum, May-June 1977
Exact Regularity and the Cohomology of Tiling Spaces
Creators: name: Sadun, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary: 37B50, 54H20, Secondary 37B10, 55N05, 55N35, 52C23

description: The Exact Regularity Property was introduced recently as a property of homological Pisot substitutions in one dimension. In this paper, we consider exact regularity for arbitrary tiling spaces. Let ${T}$ be a $d$ dimensional repetitive tiling, and let $Ω_{T}$ be its hull. If $\check H^d(Ω_{T}, Q) = Q^k$, then there exist $k$ patches whose appearance govern the number of appearances of every other patch. This gives uniform estimates on the convergence of all patch frequencies to the ergodic limit. If the tiling ${T}$ comes from a substitution, then we can quantify that convergence rate. If ${T}$ is also one-dimensional, we put constraints on the measure of any cylinder set in $Ω_{T}$.
description: Updated to published version
Safety of genome editing : development of a fluorescent model system to investigate reducing off-target genome edits by base editors
Creators: name: Morin, Tessa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Gene editing is a potential treatment for genetic diseases, but current gene editing technologies are limited in their use and safety. CRISPR-Cas9 installs double stranded breaks in the genome which can be hard to fix, as the homologous-driven repair mechanism it uses has low efficiency. Newer gene editors have more specificity, such as CRISPR/Cas9-derived base editors, which enzymatically convert a target base to another. However, base editors are also capable of creating unwanted mutations, known as off-target edits, which can potentially lead to tumourgenesis. The difficulty of detecting these base changes has resulted in a poor understanding of factors involved in off-target edits. For my study, I successfully developed a human cell fluorescent model system using a mutated Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) reporter gene with a premature stop codon. After successful base editing to correct the mutation, the cells are analyzed using flow cytometry to quantify the editing efficiency. To simulate guide RNA (gRNA)-dependent off-target editing, I designed multiple mismatched sgRNAs with intentional mismatches to the target GFP sequence. These mismatched sgRNAs mimic the true GFP sgRNA matching incorrectly to sequences similar to GFP in the genome. I tested the model with three adenosine base editors with different deaminases: the new base editor ABE8e, which is known for its promiscuous editing activity, an ABE8e containing the safety mutation V106W to reduce off-target edits, and the standard ABE7.10. I hypothesized that using ABE8e V106W with off-target mismatched sgRNAs would have reduced genome editing compared to ABE8e. iv Using this model system, ABE8e was shown to correct GFP at 25.5%, ABE8e V106W at 28%, and ABE7.10 at 34%. ABE8e and ABE8e V106W showed no editing difference between the mismatched and matched sgRNAs, but ABE7.10 could not tolerate the mismatched sgRNAs. Sanger sequencing showed two bystander edits with ABE8e and ABE8e V106W, potentially reducing fluorescence of GFP. These results show the model is capable of modelling sgRNA-dependent off-target edits and was able to detect differences between versions of base editors. This mismatched model could be used to investigate off-target edits by base editors to help develop safe, effective gene therapies for treating genetic diseases.
The kinematic identification of a thick stellar disc in M31
Creators: name: Collins, M. L. M.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Ibata, R. A.
name: Irwin, M. J.
name: Rich, R. M.
name: Ferguson, A. M. N.
name: Lewis, G. F.
name: Tanvir, N.
name: Koch, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first characterization of a thick disc component in the Andromeda galaxy (M31) using kinematic data from the DEIMOS multi-object spectrograph instrument on Keck II. Using 21 fields in the South West of the galaxy, we measure the lag of this component with respect to the thin disc, as well as the dispersion, metallicity and scale length of the component. We find an average lag between the two components of =46.0+/-3.9km/s. The velocity dispersion of the thick disc is sigma_{thick}=50.8+/-1.9km/s, greater than the value of dispersion we determine for the thin disc, sigma_{thin}=35.7+/-1.0km/s. The thick disc is more metal poor than the thin disc, with [Fe/H]_{spec}=-1.0+/-0.1 compared to [Fe/H]_{spec}=-0.7+/-0.05 for the thin disc. We measure a radial scale length of the thin and thick discs of h_r=7.3+/-1.0 kpc and h_r=8.0+/-1.2 kpc. From this, we infer scale heights for both discs of 1.1+/-0.2 kpc and 2.8+/-0.6 kpc, both of which are ~2--3 times larger than those observed in the Milky Way. We estimate a mass range for the thick disc component of 2.4x10^{10}Msun< M_{*,thick} <4.1x10^{10}Msun. This value provides a useful constraint on possible formation mechanisms, as any proposed method for forming a thick disc must be able to heat (or deposit) at least this amount of material.
description: 22 pages, 17 figures. Minor revisions made to text following referee report. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Understanding old herbal secrets: The renaissance of traditional medicinal plants beyond the twenty classic species?
Creators: name: Scherrer, Marisa Milena
name: Zerbe, Stefan
name: Petelka, Joshua
name: Säumel, Ina
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: biocultural diversity
subject: cultural erosion
subject: cultural ecosystem services
subject: environmental education
subject: folk medicine
subject: nature conservation
subject: South Tyrol
subject: biodiversity
subject: 570 Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The use of traditional medicinal plants plays an important role especially in remote rural and marginalized landscapes at different latitudes. In the development of nature conservation strategies based on local knowledge and sustainable resource management, medicinal herbs have been hypothesized to be cultural key stone species. Environmental education is a crucial driver for fostering environmental literacy and preserving local knowledge across generations. We conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in the Autonomous Province of Bozen-South Tyrol (N Italy) to gain insights into, and reflections on, the cultural value of traditional medicinal plants and their interplay within the local landscape, nature conservation and their role in environmental education and knowledge transfer across generations. We also used a combination of purposive and snowball sampling to identify relevant actors. The different voices collected in the study clearly highlight the role of medicinal herbs in healthcare, for cultural identity of local communities and demonstrate a growing commercial market niche that maintains the local economy and services, including widespread offers related to environmental education, that have not, unfortunately, been used yet in the formal curricula of local schools. The latter is crucial for a holistic approach taking medicinal plants as an ideal vehicle to connect especially children with nature and history of South Tyrol, strengthening health education and overall environmental literacy, including species knowledge. However, the revival of herbal medicine and related knowledge do not prevent the continuous loss of local traditional knowledge regarding medicinal plants, recipes and use. More species and their uses are being forgotten due to superficialisation of knowledge and of mainstreaming and homogenization of the global market of herbal medicine. Safeguarding the natural and cultural treasures of South Tyrol for future generations is in the hands of the local communities.
MOESM3 of Genome analyses of blaNDM-4 carrying ST 315 Escherichia coli isolate from sewage water of one of the Indian hospitals
Creators: name: Beg, Ayesha
name: Khan, Asad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. Chromosomal encoded resistance genes.
Dark energy density predicted and explained
Creators: name: Nesbet, R. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been shown that the observed Hubble function for cosmological expansion can be fitted accurately back to redshift unity (7.33 Gyr ago) with only one free constant, while neglecting cosmic curvature and mass, using the modified Friedmann equation implied by subjecting the Higgs scalar field model to conformal Weyl scaling symmetry. Time-dependent solutions of the relativistic conformal Higgs scalar field equation coupled with the conformal Friedmann equation are shown here to imply dark energy of the observed magnitude. Predicted persistent cosmic acceleration is consistent with the nonclassical parameter inferred by conformal theory from observed excessive galactic rotation velocities and galactic dark halos, all without dark matter.
description: 6 pages MS revised abstract, text, and references. Accepted for Europhysics Letters
The technological foundations of residual stress evolution in manufacturing of next-generation lightweight automotive powertrain components
Creators: name: Kianfar, Sina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Next-generation internal combustion engines (ICEs) require advanced manufacturing technologies to fulfill efficiency regulations concerning automotive fuel consumption and emissions. This is commonly achieved by reducing the weight and/or increasing the operating pressure of ICEs. Most weight-reduction efforts have focused on replacing heavy ferrous alloys in powertrain components such as engine blocks with lightweight aluminum (Al) alloys. However, insufficient high-temperature strength and wear resistance restrict Al alloy’s applicability for engine blocks. Therefore, cast iron (Fe) liners are extensively used to protect the Al cylinder wall from wear. During the manufacturing of Al engine blocks with cast-in Fe liners, the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the Al cylinder wall and the Fe liners results in high residual stress evolution. This residual stress can surpass the Al alloy’s strength, causing the engine block’s distortion and/or premature failure under in-service loadings. Further, the cylinder bore distortion results in the engine’s efficiency and power loss, increasing fuel consumption and emissions. Hence, it is essential to predict the residual stress generation during the engine block manufacturing processes, i.e., casting and heat treatment. An in-depth understanding of residual stress evolution can assist in alleviating them, improving the engine block’s durability and the vehicle’s fuel efficiency. This research aims at developing a fundamental understanding of residual stress evolution during the manufacturing process of Al powertrain components. To do so, first, material characterization of the samples of interest was conducted in terms of microstructure, thermophysical, and mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures. Then, destructive and non-destructive techniques were utilized for measuring residual stresses in the samples. Next, a novel FEM model of casting and heat treatment processes, with advanced temperature-dependent boundary conditions, was developed. The model was then utilized to investigate residual stresses in a stress-lattice casting, an inline-6 precision sand-cast engine block, and an inline-4 high-pressure die-cast engine block with cast-in Fe liners. Finally, the simulation results were compared with the experiment, and good agreement was found in most cases. The results of this research will assist the automotive industry in optimizing the next-generation ICEs with reduced residual stresses, leading to the production of high-efficiency, sustainable ICEs.
The modulated spin liquid: a new paradigm for URu$_2$Si$_2$
Creators: name: Pepin, C.
name: Norman, M. R.
name: Burdin, S.
name: Ferraz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that near a Kondo breakdown critical point, a spin liquid with spatial modulations can form. Unlike its uniform counterpart, we find that this occurs via a second order phase transition. The amount of entropy quenched when ordering is of the same magnitude as for an antiferromagnet. Moreover, the two states are competitive, and at low temperatures are separated by a first order phase transition. The modulated spin liquid we find breaks $Z_4$ symmetry, as recently seen in the hidden order phase of URu$_2$Si$_2$. Based on this, we suggest that the modulated spin liquid is a viable candidate for this unique phase of matter.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
CESSDA Webinar: Data Discovery
Creators: name: Chylíková, Johana
name: Vávra, Martin
name: Bašná, Kristýna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: CESSDA
Data Management Expert Guide
Data Discovery

description: Slides from CESSDA Webinar on Data Discovery

Data discovery is a crucial stage in the research process, especially in the social sciences and humanities as many valuable studies have originated from secondary data.

Speakers from the Czech Social Science Data Archive (CSDA), Johana Chylíková and Martin Vávra, took participants on a tour through five core elements of the discovery process. These elements are 1) identification of the purpose of the specific data use intended, 2) finding an appropriate data resource, 3) setting up a search query, 4) selecting the data and finally 5) evaluation of the data quality.

The guest speaker, sociologist Kristýna Bašná from the Institute of Sociology, Czech Academy of Sciences, presented her personal experience with discovering data in the context of her research on civic culture and democracy.
Quantum Field Theory in fractal space-time with negative Hausdorff-Colombeau dimensions.The solution cosmological constant problem
Creators: name: Foukzon, J.
name: Menkova, E. R.
name: Potapov, A. A.
name: Podosenov, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce Hausdorff-Colombeau measure in respect with negative fractal dimensions. Axiomatic quantum field theory in spacetime with negative fractal dimensions is proposed.Spacetime is modelled as a multifractal subset of $R^{4}$ with positive and negative fractal dimensions.The cosmological constant problem arises because the magnitude of vacuum energy density predicted by quantum field theory is about 120 orders of magnitude larger than the value implied by cosmological observations of accelerating cosmic expansion. We pointed out that the fractal nature of the quantum space-time with negative Hausdorff-Colombeau dimensions can resolve this tension. The canonical Quantum Field Theory is widely believed to break down at some fundamental high-energy cutoff $E$ and therefore the quantum fluctuations in the vacuum can be treated classically seriously only up to this high-energy cutoff. In this paper we argue that Quantum Field Theory in fractal space-time with negative Hausdorff-Colombeau dimensions gives high-energy cutoff on natural way. In order to obtain disered physical result we apply the canonical Pauli-Villars regularization up to $E$. It means that there exist the ghost-driven acceleration of the univers hidden in cosmological constant.
description: 206 pages,3 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0901.2208, arXiv:astro-ph/9708045, arXiv:1805.12293, arXiv:hep-th/0012253, arXiv:hep-th/9502025, arXiv:0912.4757, arXiv:0901.3775 by other authors