cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Avoidance of vitamin D deficiency to slow the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Kohlmeier, Martin
Publisher: name: BMJ
Year: 2020

description: Vitamin D deficiency, which impedes good immune function, is common during winter and spring in regions of high latitude. There is good evidence that vitamin D deficiency contributes to the seasonal increase of virus infections of the respiratory tract, from the common cold to influenza, and now possibly also COVID-19. This communication explores key factors that make it more likely, particularly in combination, that individuals are vitamin D deficient. These factors include old age, obesity, dark skin tone and common genetic variants that impede vitamin D status. Precision nutrition is an approach that aims to consider known personal risk factors and health circumstances to provide more effective nutrition guidance in health and disease. In regard to avoiding vitamin D deficiency, people with excess body fat, a dark skin tone or older age usually need to use a moderately dosed daily vitamin D supplement, particularly those living in a high-latitude region, getting little ultraviolet B exposure due to air pollution or staying mostly indoors. Carriers of the GC (group-specific component) rs4588 AA genotype also are more likely to become deficient. Very high-dosed supplements with more than 4000 IU vitamin D are rarely needed or justified. A state-by-state Mendelian randomisation analysis of excess COVID-19 mortality of African-Americans in the USA shows a greater disparity in northern states than in southern states. It is conceivable that vitamin D adequacy denies the virus easy footholds and thereby slows spreading of the contagion. This finding should drive home the message that vitamin D supplementation is particularly important for individuals with dark skin tones. Vitamin D deficiency, even for a few months during the winter and spring season, must be rigorously remedied because of its many adverse health impacts that include decreased life expectancy and increased mortality. Slowing the spread of COVID-19 would be an added bonus.
(500445) Thomas Smith
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Data Visualization in the Era of COVID-19: An Interactive Map of the SECURE-IBD Registry.
Creators: name: Brenner, Erica
name: Kaplan, Gilaad G
name: Underwood, Fox E
name: Colombel, Jean-Frederic
name: Zhang, Xian
name: Ungaro, Ryan
name: Windsor, Joseph W
name: Kappelman, Michael D
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2020

description: Many patients with inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) are immunocompromised,
making them potentially more susceptible
to severe complications of coronavirus
disease of 2019 (COVID 19) including
hospitalization, intensive care unit admission,
and death (1,2). Consequently,
an international collaboration was formed
to track outcomes of patients with IBD
who tested positive for COVID-19. Surveillance
Epidemiology of Coronavirus
Under Research Exclusion (SECUREIBD)
is a voluntary, physician-driven,
reporting database (https://covidibd.org/)
launched in March 2020, with the first case
reported on March 13, 2020.
(500446) William Ferguson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Warm-hot Gas in X-ray Bright Galaxy Clusters and the H I-deficient Circumgalactic Medium in Dense Environments
Creators: name: Burchett, Joseph N.
name: Tripp, Todd M.
name: Wang, Q. Daniel
name: Willmer, Christopher N. A.
name: Bowen, David V.
name: Jenkins, Edward B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the intracluster medium (ICM) and circumgalactic medium (CGM) in 7 X-ray detected galaxy clusters using spectra of background QSOs (HST-COS/STIS), optical spectroscopy of the cluster galaxies (MMT/Hectospec and SDSS), and X-ray imaging/spectroscopy (XMM-Newton and Chandra). First, we report a very low covering fraction of H I absorption in the CGM of these cluster galaxies, f_c = 25% +25%/-15%, to stringent detection limits (log N(H I) < 13 cm^-2). As field galaxies have an H I covering fraction of ~100% at similar radii, the dearth of CGM H I in our data indicates that the cluster environment has effectively stripped or overionized the gaseous halos of these cluster galaxies. Second, we assess the contribution of warm-hot (10^5 - 10^6 K) gas to the ICM as traced by O VI and broad Ly-alpha (BLA) absorption. Despite the high signal-to-noise of our data, we do not detect O VI in any cluster, and we only detect BLA features in the QSO spectrum probing one cluster. We estimate that the total column density of warm-hot gas along this line of sight totals to ~3% of that contained in the hot T > 10^7 K X-ray emitting phase. Residing at high relative velocities, these features may trace pre-shocked material outside the cluster. Comparing gaseous galaxy halos from the low-density 'field' to galaxy groups and high-density clusters, we find that the CGM is progressively depleted of H I with increasing environmental density, and the CGM is most severely transformed in galaxy clusters. This CGM transformation may play a key role in environmental galaxy quenching.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Flat-Sky Pseudo-Cls Analysis for Weak Gravitational Lensing
Creators: name: Asgari, Marika
name: Taylor, Andy
name: Joachimi, Benjamin
name: Kitching, Thomas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the use of estimators of weak lensing power spectra based on a flat-sky implementation of the Pseudo-Cl (PCl) technique, where the masked shear field is transformed without regard for masked regions of sky. This masking mixes power, and E-convergence and B-modes. To study the accuracy of forward-modelling and full-sky power spectrum recovery we consider both large-area survey geometries, and small-scale masking due to stars and a checkerboard model for field-of-view gaps. The power spectrum for the large-area survey geometry is sparsely-sampled and highly oscillatory, which makes modelling problematic. Instead, we derive an overall calibration for large-area mask bias using simulated fields. The effects of small-area star masks can be accurately corrected for, while the checkerboard mask has oscillatory and spiky behaviour which leads to percent biases. Apodisation of the masked fields leads to increased biases and a loss of information. We find that we can construct an unbiased forward-model of the raw PCls, and recover the full-sky convergence power to within a few percent accuracy for both Gaussian and lognormal-distributed shear fields. Propagating this through to cosmological parameters using a Fisher-Matrix formalism, we find we can make unbiased estimates of parameters for surveys up to 1,200 deg$^2$ with 30 galaxies per arcmin$^2$, beyond which the percent biases become larger than the statistical accuracy. This implies a flat-sky PCl analysis is accurate for current surveys but a Euclid-like survey will require higher accuracy.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures
(500447) Edward Salter
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(500448) Sarah Lindsay
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Impact of anxiety and fear for COVID-19 toward infection control practices among Thai healthcare workers
Creators: name: Siripraparat, Chanida
name: Weber, David J.
name: Apisarnthanarak, Piyaporn
name: Apisarnthanarak, Anucha
name: Leeprechanon, Narakorn
name: Saengaram, Pavarat
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Year: 2020

description: The emergence of COVID-19 is the most challenging threat to
international public health.1,2 The epidemic had a vast impact
on healthcare personnel (HCP), who are at risk for contracting
diseases and transmission to their patients and families. The
uncertainty about the mode of transmission, including infectivity
of asymptomatic and presymptomatic patients,may have created
substantial stress in HCP who provide care for known or
suspected COVID-19 patients.3 This anxiety may lead to substandard
care for patients that may negatively impact patient
safety. As of April 26, 2020,4 there were 2,951 patients with
COVID-19 in Thailand, and 99 HCP had contracted COVID-
19 during patient care. Few data are available concerning the
impact of HCP emotions (eg, anxiety and fear) toward infection
prevention practices.5,6 To evaluate the HCP emotions for
COVID-19 toward infection prevention practices at 4 hospitals,
a we conducted a survey.
(500449) William Robinson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Power of Filling in Balanced Allocations
Creators: name: Los, Dimitrios
name: Sauerwald, Thomas
name: Sylvester, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.3; G.2.m; F.2.2
subject: 68W20, 68W27, 68W40, 60C05

description: We introduce a new class of balanced allocation processes which are primarily characterized by ``filling'' underloaded bins. A prototypical example is the Packing process: At each round we only take one bin sample, if the load is below the average load, then we place as many balls until the average load is reached; otherwise, we place only one ball. We prove that for any process in this class the gap between the maximum and average load is $\mathcal{O}(\log n)$ w.h.p. for any number of balls $m\geq 1$. For the Packing process, we also provide a matching lower bound. Additionally, we prove that the Packing process is sample-efficient in the sense that the expected number of balls allocated per sample is strictly greater than one. Finally, we also demonstrate that the upper bound of $\mathcal{O}(\log n)$ on the gap can be extended to the Memory process studied by Mitzenmacher, Prabhakar and Shah (2002).
description: This paper refines and extends the content on filling processes in arXiv:2110.10759 (see also arXiv:2308.05087). It consists of 36 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
The curtain remains open: NGC 2617 continues in a high state
Creators: name: Oknyansky, V. L.
name: Gaskell, C. M.
name: Huseynov, N. A.
name: Lipunov, V. M.
name: Shatsky, N. I.
name: Tsygankov, S. S.
name: Gorbovskoy, E. S.
name: Mikailov, Kh. M.
name: Tatarnikov, A. M.
name: Buckley, D. A. H.
name: Metlov, V. G.
name: Nadzhip, A. E.
name: Kuznetsov, A. S.
name: Balanutza, P. V.
name: Burlak, M. A.
name: Galazutdinov, G. A.
name: Artamonov, B. P.
name: Salmanov, I. R.
name: Malanchev, K. L.
name: Oknyansky, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical and near-infrared photometry, optical spectroscopy, and soft X-ray and UV monitoring of the changing look active galactic nucleus NGC 2617 show that it continues to have the appearance of a type-1 Seyfert galaxy. An optical light curve for 2010-2016 indicates that the change of type probably occurred between 2010 October and 2012 February and was not related to the brightening in 2013. In 2016 NGC 2617 brightened again to a level of activity close to that in 2013 April. We find variations in all passbands and in both the intensities and profiles of the broad Balmer lines. A new displaced emission peak has appeared in H$β$. X-ray variations are well correlated with UV-optical variability and possibly lead by $\sim$ 2-3 d. The $K$ band lags the $J$ band by about 21.5 $\pm$ 2.5 d. and lags the combined $B+J$ filters by $\sim$ 25 d. $J$ lags $B$ by about 3 d. This could be because $J$-band variability arises from the outer part of the accretion disc, while $K$-band variability comes from thermal re-emission by dust. We propose that spectral-type changes are a result of increasing central luminosity causing sublimation of the innermost dust in the hollow biconical outflow. We briefly discuss various other possible reasons that might explain the dramatic changes in NGC 2617.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Recruitment and Networking With Social Media for the Otolaryngology Match in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Bowe, Sarah N.
name: Menapace, Deanna C.
name: Mecham, Jeffrey C.
name: Carlson, Matthew L.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2020

description: COVID-19 has created new challenges and opportunities regarding the way in which programs and applicants will interact in the 2020-2021 otolaryngology residency match cycle. Social media and other virtual platforms offer a flexible and efficient medium for applicants and programs to gain information, communicate, and align interests. In this commentary, we explore ways in which social media may facilitate recruitment and networking in the virtual otolaryngology match.
title: Encounters with sustainability in Tasmania: an interpretive inquiry
Creators: name: Beasy, KM
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2018

description: Critical discourses of sustainability challenge modern rhetoric of economic growth and challenge current modes of social development. Yet sustainability discourses are shaped predominantly by the perspectives and interests of middle class, tertiary educated, urban policy makers or environmentalists and have insufficiently engaged people beyond these cohorts, even in the advanced-capitalist societies where they have originated. In this study, I investigate how people who are not strongly engaged with sustainability discourses understand and engage with many of the underlying concerns that animate these discourses from the context of their situated, everyday experiences. I draw upon Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field, and capital to design a qualitative study in Tasmania, Australia to explore how situated knowledges inform interpretations of sustainability across diverse social locations. The inquiry engages people from a range of socio-economic and cultural backgrounds and life stages, using focus groups and semi-structured interviews. I investigate how particular located subjectivities inform interpretations and practices relating to what it means to aspire to and live sustainably. Focusing on spatial practices, I show that necessities for daily living look different in diverse social contexts, thereby influencing what represents sustainable living. Focusing on temporal practices, I show how future-oriented perspectives influence how and when diverse understandings of sustainability are enacted.
The findings provide insight into the ways in which people who are disengaged from discourses of sustainability may be actively engaged in practices of sustainability. The findings also provide practical guidance for environmentalists and policy makers concerning how current discourses of sustainability reflect specific social contexts and experiences. Greater understanding of the effects of universalist accounts of sustainability, in particular social contexts, may enable advocates of sustainability to engage more effectively with others living outside urban, middle class social worlds.
10-qubit entanglement and parallel logic operations with a superconducting circuit
Creators: name: Song, Chao
name: Xu, Kai
name: Liu, Wuxin
name: Yang, Chuiping
name: Zheng, Shi-Biao
name: Deng, Hui
name: Xie, Qiwei
name: Huang, Keqiang
name: Guo, Qiujiang
name: Zhang, Libo
name: Zhang, Pengfei
name: Xu, Da
name: Zheng, Dongning
name: Zhu, Xiaobo
name: Wang, H.
name: Chen, Y. -A.
name: Lu, C. -Y.
name: Han, Siyuan
name: Pan, J. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report on the production and tomography of genuinely entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states with up to 10 qubits connecting to a bus resonator in a superconducting circuit, where the resonator-mediated qubit-qubit interactions are used to controllably entangle multiple qubits and to operate on different pairs of qubits in parallel. The resulting 10-qubit density matrix is unambiguously probed, with a fidelity of $0.668 \pm 0.025$. Our results demonstrate the largest entanglement created so far in solid-state architectures, and pave the way to large-scale quantum computation.
description: Revised version with 16 pages, 13 figures, and 2 tables
Towards cost-effective and resource-aware aggregation at Edge for Federated Learning
Creators: name: Khan, Ahmad Faraz
name: Li, Yuze
name: Wang, Xinran
name: Haroon, Sabaat
name: Ali, Haider
name: Cheng, Yue
name: Butt, Ali R.
name: Anwar, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning approach that addresses privacy and data transfer costs by computing data at the source. It's particularly popular for Edge and IoT applications where the aggregator server of FL is in resource-capped edge data centers for reducing communication costs. Existing cloud-based aggregator solutions are resource-inefficient and expensive at the Edge, leading to low scalability and high latency. To address these challenges, this study compares prior and new aggregation methodologies under the changing demands of IoT and Edge applications. This work is the first to propose an adaptive FL aggregator at the Edge, enabling users to manage the cost and efficiency trade-off. An extensive comparative analysis demonstrates that the design improves scalability by up to 4X, time efficiency by 8X, and reduces costs by more than 2X compared to extant cloud-based static methodologies.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables This paper has been accepted at the 2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)
title: Development of pressurised hot water extraction for isolation of natural products
Creators: name: Just, J
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2018

description: This thesis reports on the development of a rapid, efficient, and inexpensive pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE) technique, and its use to extract valuable natural products from plant material. Further, the use of natural products as scaffolds for divergent synthesis of known natural products and other complex molecules is described. The PHWE method uses a standard benchtop espresso machine, and was developed and refined through the extraction of polygodial from Tasmannia lanceolata (Tasmanian native pepper) and shikimic acid from Illicium verum (Chinese star anise). The former is a relatively non-polar sesquiterpene dialdehyde containing some sensitive functionality, and the latter is a much more polar carboxylic acid. These substrates proved to be useful for method development, and provide valuable complex scaffolds for synthetic applications. Applications of the espresso machine extraction method for rapid bioprospecting and chemotaxonomic applications were investigated through the extraction of a unique population of T. lanceolata, and extraction of Drimys winteri. This novel PHWE method was also applied to the extraction of known biologically active extracts such as that of Momordia charantia (bitter melon), Eupatorium adenophorum (Crofton weed), and Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Dalmatian chrysanthemum, contains pyrethrins). Additionally, the use of the PHWE technique for essential oils was investigated. Many common plants were extracted, rapidly providing enriched essential oil extracts. The extraction of eugenol and acetyleugenol from cloves was implemented into the undergraduate laboratory program as a result of this work. The reactivity of polygodial was investigated extensively through the synthesis of some simple natural products based on this skeleton, in addition to various analogues. More complex polycyclic structures based on polygodial were also synthesised to investigate the level of stereospecificity achieved in reactions on this scaffold.
(500450) Robert Hunter
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Closed-form solution for the edge vortex of a revolving plate
Creators: name: Chen, Di
name: Kolomenskiy, Dmitry
name: Liu, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76Z10, 76D17

description: Flapping and revolving wings can produce attached leading edge vortices (LEVs) when the angle of attack is large. In this work, a low order model is proposed for the edge vortices that develop on a revolving plate at 90 degrees angle of attack which is the simplest limiting case, yet showing remarkable similarity with the generally known LEVs. The problem is solved analytically, providing short closed-form expressions for the circulation and the position of the vortex. A good agreement with the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations suggests that, for the conditions examined, the vorticity production at the sharp edge and its subsequent three-dimensional transport are the main effects that shape the edge vortex.
description: Figures 1 and 7 revised
Dynamic Tomography Reconstruction by Projection-Domain Separable Modeling
Creators: name: Iskender, Berk
name: Klasky, Marc L.
name: Bresler, Yoram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In dynamic tomography the object undergoes changes while projections are being acquired sequentially in time. The resulting inconsistent set of projections cannot be used directly to reconstruct an object corresponding to a time instant. Instead, the objective is to reconstruct a spatio-temporal representation of the object, which can be displayed as a movie. We analyze conditions for unique and stable solution of this ill-posed inverse problem, and present a recovery algorithm, validating it experimentally. We compare our approach to one based on the recently proposed GMLR variation on deep prior for video, demonstrating the advantages of the proposed approach.
Controllability scores for selecting control nodes of large-scale network systems
Creators: name: Sato, Kazuhiro
name: Terasaki, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: To appropriately select control nodes of a large-scale network system, we propose two control centralities called volumetric and average energy controllability scores. The scores are the unique solutions to convex optimization problems formulated using the controllability Gramian. The uniqueness is proven for stable cases and for unstable cases that include multi-agent systems. We show that the scores can be efficiently calculated by using a proposed algorithm based on the projected gradient method onto the standard simplex. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than an existing interior point method, and the proposed scores can correctly capture the importance of each state node on controllability, outperforming existing control centralities.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
title: Six-DOF motion response and manoeuvring simulation of an underwater vehicle
Creators: name: Kim, H
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2018

description: This thesis presents the development of a validated six Degrees-of-Freedom (6-DOF) manoeuvring simulations of a fully appended BB2 generic submarine using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A build-up approach is used to first investigate the hydrodynamics of the vehicle’s subcomponents individually, starting with the bare hull and propulsor models (i.e. a body force model and rotating model), progressing to the fully appended configuration for 6-DOF simulations that includes the hull, forward and aft control surfaces and a body force propeller. The bare hull study involved prescribed motions (i.e. straight line, pure sway, and pure yaw) to examine the capability of the CFD model to predict the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the hull. The CFD predictions are validated, with good agreement, against experimental captive model measurements obtained at the Australian Maritime College Towing Tank (AMCTT). The propeller study involved hydrodynamic characterisation of a marine propeller operating in an open water condition. The global field quantities at various advance speeds are predicted using the CFD model, which were validated against experimental measurements provided by the Australian Maritime College Cavitation Research Laboratory (AMC CRL). Finally, the 6-DOF manoeuvring simulation study involves three generic manoeuvring tests (i.e. a straight line, steady turning and zig-zag manoeuvres) with a body force propeller and movable control planes commanded by an autopilot. The CFD predictions are validated against experimental free running measurements provided byMaritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN), showing that the 6-DOF manoeuvring CFD model is able to predict the vehicle`s trajectory and speeds with reasonable accuracy. The developed CFD model and its methodology presented in this thesis can be used by underwater vehicle designers to carry out 6-DOF manoeuvring simulations for various vehicle designs, configurations and missions. The capability of 6-DOF manoeuvring simulations will enable the designers to determine a vehicle’s manoeuvring characteristics for control system design and its safe operational limits.
The Winter Respiratory Viral Season During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Kistler, Christine E
name: Jump, Robin L P
name: Zimmerman, Sheryl
name: Sloane, Philip D
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020

description: The winter respiratory virus season always poses challenges for long-term care settings; this winter, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 will compound the usual viral infection challenges. This special article discusses unique considerations that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) brings to the health and well-being of residents and staff in nursing homes and other long-term care settings this winter. Specific topics include preventing the spread of respiratory viruses, promoting immunization, and the diagnosis and treatment of suspected respiratory infection. Policy-relevant issues are discussed, including whether to mandate influenza immunization for staff, the availability and use of personal protective equipment, supporting staff if they become ill, and the distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available. Research is applicable in all of these areas, including regarding the use of emerging electronic decision support tools. If there is a positive side to this year's winter respiratory virus season, it is that staff, residents, family members, and clinicians will be especially vigilant about potential infection.
Evidence for mixed rationalities in preference formation
Creators: name: Băbeanu, Alexandru-Ionuţ
name: Garlaschelli, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation of cultural traits, such as preferences, opinions and beliefs is an open challenge. Trait formation is intimately connected to cultural dynamics, which has been the focus of a variety of quantitative models. Recently, some studies have emphasized the importance of connecting those models to snapshots of cultural dynamics that are empirically accessible. By analyzing data obtained from different sources, it has been suggested that culture has properties that are universally present, and that empirical cultural states differ systematically from randomized counterparts. Hence, a question about the mechanism responsible for the observed patterns naturally arises. This study proposes a stochastic structural model for generating cultural states that retain those robust, empirical properties. One ingredient of the model, already used in previous work, assumes that every individual's set of traits is partly dictated by one of several, universal "rationalities", informally postulated by several social science theories. The second, new ingredient taken from the same theories assumes that, apart from a dominant rationality, each individual also has a certain exposure to the other rationalities. It is shown that both ingredients are required for reproducing the empirical regularities. This key result suggests that the effects of cultural dynamics in the real world can be described as an interplay of multiple, mixing rationalities, and thus provides indirect evidence for the class of social science theories postulating such mixing. The model should be seen as a static, effective description of culture, while a dynamical, more fundamental description is left for future research.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures; compared tothe previous version, there are some minor additions in the text and some new citations
Surgery and COVID-19
Creators: name: Kibbe, Melina R.
Publisher: name: American Medical Association (AMA)
Year: 2020

description: In this Viewpoint JAMA Surgery’s editor reviews how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the practice of general surgery in its first 6 months, including the need for universal precautions to mitigate the risks of infection transmission, the cessation and resumption of elective procedures, and adverse effects on educational experiences of students aspiring to the specialty.
(500451) Mary Brown
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Reviving the Vortex Particle Method: A Stable Formulation for Meshless Large Eddy Simulation
Creators: name: Alvarez, Eduardo J.
name: Ning, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vortex particle method (VPM) is a mesh-free approach to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solving the Navier-Stokes equations in their velocity-vorticity form. The VPM uses a Lagrangian scheme, which not only avoids the hurdles of mesh generation, but it also conserves vortical structures over long distances with minimal numerical dissipation while being orders of magnitude faster than conventional mesh-based CFD. However, VPM is known to be numerically unstable when vortical structures break down close to the turbulent regime. In this study, we reformulate the VPM as a large eddy simulation (LES) in a scheme that is numerically stable, without increasing its computational cost. A new set of VPM governing equations are derived from the LES-filtered Navier-Stokes equations. The new equations reinforce conservation of mass and angular momentum by reshaping the vortex elements subject to vortex stretching. In addition to the VPM reformulation, a new anisotropic dynamic model of subfilter-scale (SFS) vortex stretching is developed. This SFS model is well suited for turbulent flows with coherent vortical structures where the predominant cascade mechanism is vortex stretching. Advection, viscous diffusion, and vortex stretching are validated through simulation of isolated and leapfrogging vortex rings. Mean and fluctuating components of turbulent flow are validated through simulation of a turbulent round jet, where Reynolds stresses are resolved directly and compared to experimental measurements. Finally, the computational efficiency of the scheme is showcased in the simulation of an aircraft rotor in hover, showing our meshless LES to be 100x faster than a mesh-based LES with similar fidelity, while being 10x faster than a low-fidelity unsteady Reynolds-average Navier-Stokes simulation and 1000x faster than a high-fidelity detached-eddy simulation.
description: 34 pages, 27 figures; updated header to include information on published version of article including the new title and doi
(500452) Edward Stamp
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Leaky wave characterisation using spectral methods
Creators: name: Georgiades, Evripides
name: Lowe, Michael J. S.
name: Craster, Richard V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Leaky waves are an important class of waves, particularly for guiding waves along structures embedded within another medium; a mismatch in wavespeeds often leads to leakage of energy from the waveguide, or interface, into the medium, which consequently attenuates the guided wave. The accurate and efficient identification of theoretical solutions for leaky waves is a key requirement for the choices of modes and frequencies required for non-destructive evaluation inspection techniques. We choose a typical situation to study: an elastic waveguide with a fluid on either side. Historically, leaky waves are identified via root-finding methods that have issues with conditioning, or, numerical methods` that struggle with the exponential growth of solutions at infinity. By building upon a spectral collocation method, we show how it can be adjusted to find exponentially growing solutions, i.e. leaky waves, leading to an accurate, fast and efficient identification of their dispersion properties. The key concept required is a mapping, in the fluid region, that allows for exponential growth of the physical solution at infinity, whilst the mapped numerical setting decays. We illustrate this by studying leaky Lamb waves in an elastic waveguide immersed between two different fluids and verify this using the commercially available software Disperse.
Electroweak Baryogenesis driven by Extra Top Yukawa Couplings
Creators: name: Fuyuto, Kaori
name: Hou, Wei-Shu
name: Senaha, Eibun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electroweak baryogenesis driven by the top quark in a general two Higgs doublet model with flavor-changing Yukawa couplings, keeping the Higgs potential $CP$ invariant. With Higgs sector couplings and the additional top Yukawa coupling $ρ_{tt}$ all of $\mathcal{O}$(1), one naturally has sizable $CP$ violation that fuels the cosmic baryon asymmetry. Even if $ρ_{tt}$ vanishes, the favor-changing coupling $ρ_{tc}$ can still lead to successful baryogenesis. Phenomenological consequences such as $t\to ch$, $τ\to μγ$, electron electric dipole moment, $h\toγγ$, and $hhh$ coupling are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; v2: updated to match version published in PLB
Complete stickiness of nonlocal minimal surfaces for small values of the fractional parameter
Creators: name: Bucur, Claudia
name: Lombardini, Luca
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider the asymptotic behavior of the fractional mean curvature when $s\to 0^+$. Moreover, we deal with the behavior of $s$-minimal surfaces when the fractional parameter $s\in(0,1)$ is small, in a bounded and connected open set with $C^2$ boundary $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$. We classify the behavior of $s$-minimal surfaces with respect to the fixed exterior data (i.e. the $s$-minimal set fixed outside of $Ω$). So, for $s$ small and depending on the data at infinity, the $s$-minimal set can be either empty in $Ω$, fill all $Ω$, or possibly develop a wildly oscillating boundary. Also, we prove the continuity of the fractional mean curvature in all variables, for $s\in (0,1]$. Using this, we see that as the parameter $s$ varies, the fractional mean curvature may change sign.
description: 43 pages, 4 figures
title: Applications of the controlled oxidation of pyrroles
Creators: name: Rihak, KJ
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2018

description: The following thesis contains three parts, where the common overall goal was to develop useful applications for synthesis and modification of pyrrole heterocycles. A range of desmethyl, cis-hydroxy analogues of the biologically active natural product (–)-codonopsine were prepared, using the controlled oxidation of Nmethylpyrrole with both hypervalent iodine reagents and photooxidation as a key step. Dihydroxylation, Friedel–Crafts alkylation using aromatic nucleophiles, and reduction with LiAlH4 were used to transform these γ-lactam intermediates to the desired analogues in mostly good overall yields. The relative stereocontrol observed in these processes was expanded to develop two approaches to asymmetric syntheses of these analogues. The use of chiral bicyclic scaffolds gave complete stereoselectivty, but the intermediates were too stable for further modification. The use of an amino acid methyl ester chiral auxiliary gave separable diastereomers, but further functionalization led to scrambling of stereocenters. Chiral dihydroxylated bicyclic γ-lactam intermediates were applied to the synthesis of chiral fluorinated GABA analogues, due to their selective binding to particular GABA receptors. Direct fluorination of bicyclic diols using Deoxofluor and DAST led to separable mixtures of mono- and difluorinated products. These proved more amenable to ring-opening of the bicyclic lactams through trapping of iminium ions than the corresponding diolsubstituted bicyclic lactams, due to hyperconjugation effects of the fluorine substituents. A proof of concept preparation of a fluorohydrin analogue of GABA was successfully completed. An approach was developed for the selective preparation of stable pyrroles and pyrrolidines from the readily available 1,4-dialdehyde natural product polygodial. A modified Paal-Knorr approach under reducing conditions made it possible to selectively produce stable pyrroles or pyrrolidines in good to excellent yields. One of the pyrroles was taken and subjected to controlled pyrrole oxidation and Friedel–Crafts alkylation to give novel analogues of the antifungal natural product (+)-Crispin A. These compounds were also investigated as scaffolds for the preparation of chiral amines with potential applications as organocatalysts.
Hyper-optimized approximate contraction of tensor networks with arbitrary geometry
Creators: name: Gray, Johnnie
name: Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tensor network contraction is central to problems ranging from many-body physics to computer science. We describe how to approximate tensor network contraction through bond compression on arbitrary graphs. In particular, we introduce a hyper-optimization over the compression and contraction strategy itself to minimize error and cost. We demonstrate that our protocol outperforms both hand-crafted contraction strategies in the literature as well as recently proposed general contraction algorithms on a variety of synthetic and physical problems on regular lattices and random regular graphs. We further showcase the power of the approach by demonstrating approximate contraction of tensor networks for frustrated three-dimensional lattice partition functions, dimer counting on random regular graphs, and to access the hardness transition of random tensor network models, in graphs with many thousands of tensors.
description: 33 pages, 26 figures, including SI
Learning Amidst a Crisis—a Student Perspective on COVID-19
Creators: name: Alexander, Seth McKenzie
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2020

description: There is a level of whiplash that all medical students feel when
entering their clerkships. For me, I was two weeks into my first
clerkship when we began to hear about the USA’s response to
the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. More than a month after the first
laboratory-confirmed case in the USA on January 21, 2020 [1],
we still had few answers. What began as daily email updates
from our University quickly turned into discussions surrounding
the use and rationing of personal protective equipment [2]. We
became a system in crisis; questions shifted to how learners
would be able to continue to participate. Guidance from various
organizations recommended the suspension of learners from the
clinical environment urging instead to allow us to focus on innovation
and the basic science of this pandemic [3, 4]. Ultimately,
we paused our clinical education, leaving behind the exciting
environment many of us had just entered. I know this decision
was not made lightly and was made with our safety in mind. We
must balance the needs of patients with the mission of training
the next generation of clinicians and all the stresses to the system
that mission imposes. I do not disagree or question the decisions
of my program’s leadership. It truly was, as one of our Deans put
it to me, the “professionally appropriate” decision, but it has left
me feeling empty.