cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Über den Ablauf des θ-Pinchs bei höheren Ausgangsdichten
Creators: name: Meiners, Dieter
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 1965
Subjects: subject: Θ-Pinch
subject: Plasma
subject: Magnetfeld
subject: Stromdichte
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: A linear θ-pinch discharge without preionization is investigated in Helium within that range of density, in which the mean free path of electrons between two elastic collisions diminishes to such a low value that the electrons cannot gain the ionization energy in the induced electric field over this distance. Compared to the well known observations at low densities in this high density range the instant of the first breakdown in the discharge tube is found to be shifted to later halfcycles with increasing initial pressure. In addition, the further development of the discharge at high initial densities shows a very different structure compared to the low density behaviour. Comparison of optical observations with measurements of the current density distribution obtained by means of magnetic probes (using a special difference method on account of the very small plasma currrents) shows the following result: In the half cycle immediately following the breakdown, a typical shock wave pinch is produced at high densities. The regions near the axis are heated only by an ionizing shock, while the contraction of the current sheath, which initially started the shock, is stopped very early in far outer regions. During the following half-cycle quite a different behaviour of the discharge is observed on account of the enhanced electrical conductivity: The contraction runs much faster and therefore the separation between the shock front and the driving current sheath decreases.
Coherent Minimisation: Towards efficient tamper-proof compilation
Creators: name: Ghica, Dan R.
name: Al-Zobaidi, Zaid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automata representing game-semantic models of programs are meant to operate in environments whose input-output behaviour is constrained by the rules of a game. This can lead to a notion of equivalence between states which is weaker than the conventional notion of bisimulation, since not all actions are available to the environment. An environment which attempts to break the rules of the game is, effectively, mounting a low-level attack against a system. In this paper we show how (and why) to enforce game rules in games-based hardware synthesis and how to use this weaker notion of equivalence, called coherent equivalence, to aggressively minimise automata.
description: In Proceedings ICE 2012, arXiv:1212.3458
On the Identities Involving Special Polynomials Arising From Point of View of Fractional Calculus
Creators: name: Araci, Serkan
name: Şen, Erdoğan
name: Acikgoz, Mehmet
name: Oruçoğlu, Kamil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the present paper, we investigate some interesting properties including several special polynomials arising from Caputo-fractional derivative. From our investigation, we derive a lot of interesting identities of several special polynomials.
description: 10 pages
Uncovering Historical British Survey Data Through File Format Migration
Creators: name: Norek, Kelsie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management and archiving
Public opinion polls
Historical data
Britain
Data trends

description: The Social and Political Change in Britain (1945-1991) project is an ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council) funded collaboration between the University of Southampton and the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research. As a result of this collaboration, over 700 British public opinion polls from 1945 to 1991 have been converted from column binary to modern data formats and made available through the Roper Center archive. Additionally, questions from these converted datasets were used to generate over 40 trends covering topics such as the economy, attitudes regarding social issues, elections and approvals, and party perceptions (https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/esrc-project). This presentation will provide an overview of the project and details on its components, including digitization of paper documentation, selection of surveys for conversion, column binary conversion training, file creation and transfer, quality assurance, and data visualization.
Energy Conservation and Older Housing
Creators: name: Howard, J. Myrick
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1978

description: Since the beginning of this decade, we have been witnessing the end of an age of profligate energy use. Energy (especially oil, gas, and coal-generated electricity) is costing consumers more and more. Homeowners, in particular, have added concerns. While buyers of new homes may insist on more energy-efficient designs, owners of existing structures face increasing energy bills. By retrofitting the existing housing stock with better insulation and more efficient mechanical equipment and appliances, a significant reduction in energy consumption (and energy costs) can be achieved. Retrofitting can save 10 to 40 percent of residential energy consumption in the United States, according to a Federal Energy Administration study (AIA Research Corp. 1976). Since the residential sector accounted for approximately 22 percent of the fuel and electricity consumed in this country in 1973 and since existing buildings will constitute more than 70 percent of the total floor space in 1985, (Hyatt 1977, pp. 284-85) residential retrofitting may be important in the nation's total energy picture.
A molecular dynamics and circular dichroism study of a novel synthetic antimicrobial peptide
Creators: name: Rodina, Natalia P.
name: Yudenko, Anna N.
name: Terterov, Ivan N.
name: Eliseev, Igor E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Antimicrobial peptides are a class of small, usually positively charged amphiphilic peptides that are used by the innate immune system to combat bacterial infection in multicellular eukaryotes. Antimicrobial peptides are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and thus can be used as a basis for a development of new antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The most challengeous task on the way to a therapeutic use of antimicrobial peptides is a rational design of new peptides with enhanced activity and reduced toxicity. Here we report a molecular dynamics and circular dichroism study of a novel synthetic antimicrobial peptide D51. This peptide was earlier designed by Loose et al. using a linguistic model of natural antimicrobial peptides. Molecular dynamics simulation of the peptide folding in explicit solvent shows fast formation of two antiparallel beta strands connected by a beta-turn that is confirmed by circular dichroism measurements. Obtained from simulation amphipatic conformation of the peptide is analysed and possible mechanism of its interaction with bacterial membranes together with ways to enhance its antibacterial activity are suggested.
description: Proceedings of Conference on physics and astronomy of the young scientists of St Petersburg (PhysicA.SPb), Russia
Scattering at magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities on surfaces with strong spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Lükermann, Daniel
name: Sologub, S.
name: Pfnür, Herbert
name: Klein, C.
name: Horn-Von Hoegen, Michael
name: Tegenkamp, Christoph
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Adsorption-induced reduction of surface-state conductivity in epitaxial Bi(111) films, a prototype system with large Rashba-induced surface-state splitting, by adsorbed atoms of Bi, Fe, and Co has been investigated by macroscopic surface magnetotransport measurements at a temperature of 10 K. A detailed analysis of magnetotransport, dc transport, and Hall data reveals that the scattering efficiencies for Co and Fe are larger by a factor of 2 than that for Bi. While for the latter charge transfer and change of band filling near the Fermi level are negligible, we find an increase of hole concentration upon Co and Fe adsorption. These atoms act as acceptors and immobilize on average about 0.5 electrons per adsorbed atom. Besides the dominant classical magnetoconductance signal the films show signatures of weak antilocalization, reflecting the strong spin-orbit coupling in Bi(111) surface states. This behavior can be changed to weak localization by the adsorption of high concentrations (0.1 monolayers) of magnetic impurities (Fe,Co), similarly to results found on the topological insulator Bi2Se3. Our results demonstrate that details of chemical bond formation for impurities are crucial for local spin moments and electronic scattering properties. © 2012 American Physical Society.
Interacting via the Heap in the Presence of Recursion
Creators: name: Rot, Jurriaan
name: Asăvoae, Irina Măriuca
name: de Boer, Frank
name: Bonsangue, Marcello M.
name: Lucanu, Dorel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.1, F.1.2, F.3.1, F.3.3

description: Almost all modern imperative programming languages include operations for dynamically manipulating the heap, for example by allocating and deallocating objects, and by updating reference fields. In the presence of recursive procedures and local variables the interactions of a program with the heap can become rather complex, as an unbounded number of objects can be allocated either on the call stack using local variables, or, anonymously, on the heap using reference fields. As such a static analysis is, in general, undecidable. In this paper we study the verification of recursive programs with unbounded allocation of objects, in a simple imperative language for heap manipulation. We present an improved semantics for this language, using an abstraction that is precise. For any program with a bounded visible heap, meaning that the number of objects reachable from variables at any point of execution is bounded, this abstraction is a finitary representation of its behaviour, even though an unbounded number of objects can appear in the state. As a consequence, for such programs model checking is decidable. Finally we introduce a specification language for temporal properties of the heap, and discuss model checking these properties against heap-manipulating programs.
description: In Proceedings ICE 2012, arXiv:1212.3458
Connecting Public Health and Planning: Building Healthy Communities
Creators: name: Solomon, Jessica
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Research increasingly points to the impact that planning and design can have on the health of communities. This article provides an introduction to the connection between planning and public health, examples of tools that local practitioners can use to build cross-disciplinary partnerships, and examples of how agencies across the country have worked together to improve health outcomes and quality of life in their communities.
Field - Effect Switching in Nano-Graphite Films
Creators: name: Lebedev, Sergey G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of electrical resistivity switching in nanographite films is described. In difference with cases published elsewhere the switching in nanographite films occurs from stable high conductive to metastable low conductive state. Critical current of switching varies in the range 10-500 mA and can be increased up to values appropriate for using of nanographite samples in power grids as contact-less current limiters and circuit breakers. The possible mechanisms of switching phenomenon in nanographite films are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Verification of the 170/204 GHz Quasi-Optical Output Coupler of the 2 MW Coaxial-Cavity Gyrotron using a Mode Generator Setup
Creators: name: Ruess, Tobias
name: Gantenbein, Gerd
name: Jin, Jianbo
name: Marek, Alexander
name: Rzesnicki, Tomasz
name: Thumm, Manfred
name: Wagner, Dietmar
name: Jelonnek, John
Publisher: name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Year: 2022

description: At KIT, a 2 MW single-frequency 170 GHz coaxial-cavity short-pulse pre-prototype gyrotron has been upgraded towards to dual-frequency operation at 170 GHz and 204 GHz. That upgrade includes a modification of the quasi-optical output coupler system. For validation of the proper design a verification of that sub-system at low power is vital. Therefore, an automated quasi-optical mode generator has been developed for the excitation of the high-order rotating TE34,19 cavity mode excited at 170 GHz and the TE40,23mode excited at 204 GHz. The TE40,23mode is the mode with the highest eigenvalue ever excited in cold tests with a high mode purity. The measurements results of the quasi-optical output coupler system shows an excellent agreement with the simulation.
Reply to "Comment on 'Witnessed entanglement and the geometric measure of quantum discord' "
Creators: name: Debarba, Tiago
name: Maciel, Thiago O.
name: Vianna, Reinaldo O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the mistakes pointed out by Rana and Parashar [Phys. Rev. A 87, 016301 (2013)] do not invalidate the main conclusion of our work [Phys. Rev. A 86, 024302 (2012)]. We show that the errors affected only a particular application of our general results, and present the correction.
Does a transition to accountable care in Medicaid shift the modality of colorectal cancer testing?
Creators: name: McConnell, K. John
name: Davis, Melinda M
name: Shafer, Paul
name: Hassmiller Lich, Kristen
name: Wheeler, Stephanie B
name: Shannon, Jackilen
name: Renfro, Stephanie
name: Coronado, Gloria D
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2019

description: Abstract
                Background
                Health care reform is changing preventive services delivery. This study explored trajectories in colorectal cancer (CRC) testing over a 5-year period that included implementation of 16 Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs, 2012) and Medicaid expansion (2014) – two provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) - within the state of Oregon, USA.
                Methods
                Retrospective analysis of Oregon’s Medicaid claims for enrollee’s eligible for CRC screening (50–64 years) spanning January 2010 through December 2014. Our analysis was conducted and refined April 2016 through June 2018. The analysis assessed the annual probability of patients receiving CRC testing and the modality used (e.g., colonoscopy, fecal testing) relative to a baseline year (2010). We hypothesized that CRC testing would increase following Medicaid ACO formation – called Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs).
                Results
                A total of 132,424 unique Medicaid enrollees (representing 255,192 person-years) met inclusion criteria over the 5-year study. Controlling for demographic and regional factors, the predicted probability of CRC testing was significantly higher in 2014 (+ 1.4 percentage points, p < 0.001) compared to the 2010 baseline but not in 2012 or 2013. Increased fecal testing using Fecal Occult Blood Tests (FOBT) or Fecal Immunochemical Tests (FIT) played a prominent role in 2014. The uptick in statewide fecal testing appears driven primarily by a subset of CCOs.
                Conclusions
                Observed CRC testing did not immediately increase following the transition to CCOs in 2012. However increased testing in 2014, may reflect a delay in implementation of interventions to increase CRC screening and/or a strong desire by newly insured Medicaid CCO members to receive preventive care.
Saxifraga moschata Wulfen
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: S. moschata Wulfen (S. varians Sieber) Cat. 157. Verbreitet. In neuerer Zeit nachgewiesene hohe Stelle: Weissmies (Saas-Simplon), Nordgrat, 3800m (Menzi 1931). Tiefe Stelle: Simplon, Gondoschlucht unterhalb Gabi,1220m (Becherer1944). Angegeben werden die Varietäten: var. compacta (Mert. et Koch), var. glandulosa Engler, var. pygmaea (Haworth) Engler, var. acaulis (Gaudin) Engler et Irmscher und var. atropurpurea Sternb. Nach BRAUN-BLANQUET in Hegi, l. c., S. 608 (1922) gehören alle Vorkommnisse zu der von diesem Forscher neu aufgestellten ssp. rhodanensis; innerhalb dieser unterscheidet der Genannte bloss eine Form (f. purpurasccns Braun-Blanquet, mit rötlichen Blüten).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Evidence for possible involvement of 5-HT(2B) receptors in the cardiac valvulopathy associated with fenfluramine and other serotonergic medications
Creators: name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: McBride, Ace
name: Hufeisen, Sandra J.
name: Rauser, Laura
name: Savage, Jason E.
name: Rothman, Richard B.
name: Baumann, Michael H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Background—Serotonergic medications with various mechanisms of action are used to treat psychiatric disorders and are being investigated as treatments for drug dependence. The occurrence of fenfluramine-associated valvular heart disease (VHD) has raised concerns that other serotonergic medications might also increase the risk of developing VHD. We hypothesized that fenfluramine or its metabolite norfenfluramine and other medications known to produce VHD have preferentially high affinities for a particular serotonin receptor subtype capable of stimulating mitogenesis. Methods and Results—Medications known or suspected to cause VHD (positive controls) and medications not associated with VHD (negative controls) were screened for activity at 11 cloned serotonin receptor subtypes by use of ligand-binding methods and functional assays. The positive control drugs were (±)-fenfluramine; (+)-fenfluramine; (−)-fenfluramine; its metabolites (±)-norfenfluramine, (+)-norfenfluramine, and (−)-norfenfluramine; ergotamine; and methysergide and its metabolite methylergonovine. The negative control drugs were phentermine, fluoxetine, its metabolite norfluoxetine, and trazodone and its active metabolite m-chlorophenylpiperazine. (±)-, (+)-, and (−)-Norfenfluramine, ergotamine, and methylergonovine all had preferentially high affinities for the cloned human serotonin 5-HT2B receptor and were partial to full agonists at the 5-HT2B receptor. Conclusions—Our data imply that activation of 5-HT2B receptors is necessary to produce VHD and that serotonergic medications that do not activate 5-HT2B receptors are unlikely to produce VHD. We suggest that all clinically available medications with serotonergic activity and their active metabolites be screened for agonist activity at 5-HT2B receptors and that clinicians should consider suspending their use of medications with significant activity at 5-HT2B receptors.
Highly polarized Fermi gases in two dimensions
Creators: name: Parish, Meera M.
name: Levinsen, Jesper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the highly polarized limit of a two-dimensional (2D) Fermi gas, where we effectively have a single spin-down impurity atom immersed in a spin-up Fermi sea. By constructing variational wave functions for the impurity, we map out the ground state phase diagram as a function of mass ratio M/m and interaction strength. In particular, we determine when it is favorable for the dressed impurity (polaron) to bind particles from the Fermi sea to form a dimer, trimer or even larger clusters. Similarly to 3D, we find that the Fermi sea favors the trimer state so that it exists for M/m less than the critical mass ratio for trimer formation in the vacuum. We also find a region where dimers have finite momentum in the ground state, a scenario which corresponds to the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superfluid state in the limit of large spin imbalance. For equal masses (M=m), we compute rigorous bounds on the polaron-dimer transition, and we show that the polaron energy and residue is well captured by the variational approach, with the former quantity being in good agreement with experiment. When there is a finite density of impurities, we find that this polaron-dimer transition is preempted by a first-order superfluid-normal transition at zero temperature, but it remains an open question what happens at finite temperature.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
The Challenge of Land-Use Planning in Haywood County, or Real Planners Never Use Plan 'A'
Creators: name: Faust, Ginny
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Haywood County was one of 11 counties to receive funding from the Appalachian Regional Commission in the fall of 1991 as part of the Mountain Area Planning Program. The Division of Community Assistance of the North Carolina Department of Economic and Community Development administered the grant. The purpose of the grant was to allow counties to look at community growth issues and identify areas of concern that required action or needed further study, and then develop recommendations for addressing these issues. The grant outline specifically recognized that counties would be at different stages in planning and managing land uses, and a great deal of flexibility was built into the process to allow recipients to follow a program and prepare a report that best suited their needs. In order to accomplish this task, the grant required that every county collect and analyze data on population, the economy and the natural and built environment; involve the community in identifying strengths and weaknesses as well as growth issues; develop recommendations; and then prepare a map that classified the county into general categories as outlined by the Division of Community Assistance. The grant proposal recommended a planning period of five to ten years for study. Grant money was to be spent within the year. On the surface, this sounds like a typical planning exercise, where you plan the work and then work the plan. Involve the citizens and people will gain ownership, ensuring that the plan will have a better chance of implementation. Public participation, where there are lots of opportunities for discussion, will help people become familiar with what you are doing, and in the end you will have a plan that provides a guideline for the future. Right? Since I've asked the question, you have probably decided that something went wrong, and you are correct. Even though the outcome was totally contrary to what we had initially hoped for, we learned several valuable lessons. Perhaps if you are tackling a difficult project you may find our experience useful.
The Homotopy Type of the Topological Cobordism Category
Creators: name: Gomez Lopez, Mauricio
name: Kupers, Alexander
Publisher: name: Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung
Year: 2022

description: DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA, Vol 27 (2022), p. 2107-2182
description: We define a cobordism category of topological manifolds and prove that if $d \neq 4$ its classifying space is weakly equivalent to $\Omega^{\infty -1} MT\mathrm{Top}(d)$, where $MT\mathrm{Top}(d)$ is the Thom spectrum of the inverse of the canonical bundle over $B\mathrm{Top}(d)$. We also give versions for manifolds with tangential structures and/or boundary. The proof uses smoothing theory and excision in the tangential structure to reduce the statement to the computation of the homotopy type of smooth cobordism categories due to Galatius-Madsen-Tillman-Weiss.
description: DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA, Vol 27 (2022), p. 2107-2182
Imputation method for lifetime exposure assessment in air pollution epidemiologic studies
Creators: name: Mordukhovich, Irina
name: Beyea, Jan
name: Stellman, Steven D
name: Teitelbaum, Susan
name: Gammon, Marilie D
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2013

description: Abstract Background Environmental epidemiology, when focused on the life course of exposure to a specific pollutant, requires historical exposure estimates that are difficult to obtain for the full time period due to gaps in the historical record, especially in earlier years. We show that these gaps can be filled by applying multiple imputation methods to a formal risk equation that incorporates lifetime exposure. We also address challenges that arise, including choice of imputation method, potential bias in regression coefficients, and uncertainty in age-at-exposure sensitivities. Methods During time periods when parameters needed in the risk equation are missing for an individual, the parameters are filled by an imputation model using group level information or interpolation. A random component is added to match the variance found in the estimates for study subjects not needing imputation. The process is repeated to obtain multiple data sets, whose regressions against health data can be combined statistically to develop confidence limits using Rubin’s rules to account for the uncertainty introduced by the imputations. To test for possible recall bias between cases and controls, which can occur when historical residence location is obtained by interview, and which can lead to misclassification of imputed exposure by disease status, we introduce an “incompleteness index,” equal to the percentage of dose imputed (PDI) for a subject. “Effective doses” can be computed using different functional dependencies of relative risk on age of exposure, allowing intercomparison of different risk models. To illustrate our approach, we quantify lifetime exposure (dose) from traffic air pollution in an established case–control study on Long Island, New York, where considerable in-migration occurred over a period of many decades. Results The major result is the described approach to imputation. The illustrative example revealed potential recall bias, suggesting that regressions against health data should be done as a function of PDI to check for consistency of results. The 1% of study subjects who lived for long durations near heavily trafficked intersections, had very high cumulative exposures. Thus, imputation methods must be designed to reproduce non-standard distributions. Conclusions Our approach meets a number of methodological challenges to extending historical exposure reconstruction over a lifetime and shows promise for environmental epidemiology. Application to assessment of breast cancer risks will be reported in a subsequent manuscript.
Optics mounting and alignment for the central optical bench of the dual cavity enhanced light-shining-through-a-wall experiment ALPS II
Creators: name: Wei, Li-Wei
name: Karan, Kanioar
name: Willke, Benno
Publisher: name: Washington, DC : Optical Society of America (OSA)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: ALPS II
subject: hypothetical particle
subject: particle physics
subject: Nambu–Goldstone boson
subject: axion–photon
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Any Light Particle Search II (ALPS II) is a light-shining-through-a-wall experiment seeking axion-like particles. ALPS II will feature two 120 m long linear optical cavities that are separated by a wall and support the same photon mode. The central optical bench at the core of the experiment will be equipped with a light-tight shutter and two planar mirrors for the cavities. We show that the mounting concept for ALPS II provides sufficient angular stability and verify that a simple autocollimator assisted alignment procedure for crucial components of the ALPS II optical cavities can lead to the required overlap of the cavity eigenmodes. Furthermore, we show that mounted quadrant photodiodes added to the optical bench can have sufficient stability to maintain this overlap even without a clear line of sight between the two optical cavities. © 2020 Optical Society of America
More bang for your buck: Towards super-adiabatic quantum engines
Creators: name: del Campo, A.
name: Goold, J.
name: Paternostro, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reversible nature of thermodynamical cycles is an idealisation based on the assumption of perfect quasi-static dynamics. As a consequence of this assumption, ideal engines operate at the maximum efficiency but have zero power. Realistic engines, on the other hand, operate in finite-time and are intrinsically irreversible, implying friction effects at short cycle times. The engineering goal is to find the maximum efficiency allowed at the maximum possible power. In the current technological age, with our ability to manipulate devices at the nanoscale and beyond, one must understand the consequences of engines which operate at the quantum mechanical level. In this domain one cannot avoid the emergence of both quantum and thermal fluctuations which drastically alter the energetics of the cycle. Very recently, it has been shown that the Hamiltonian of a quantum system may be manipulated in such a way as to mimic an adiabatic process via a non-adiabatic shortcut. A surge of experimental progress has demonstrated several of these proposals in the laboratory. In this paper we show that, by utilising shortcuts to adiabaticity in a quantum engine cycle, one can engineer a thermodynamical cycle working at finite power and zero friction. Our findings are elucidated using a harmonic oscillator undergoing a quantum Otto cycle.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Diels–Alder Reactions During the Biosynthesis of Sorbicillinoids
Creators: name: Kahlert, Lukas
name: Bassiony, Eman F.
name: Cox, Russell J.
name: Skellam, Elisabeth J.
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verl.
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: biosynthesis
subject: Diels–Alder reactions
subject: flavin-dependent monooxygenases
subject: polyketides
subject: sorbicillinoids
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: The sorbicillinoids are a class of biologically active and structurally diverse fungal polyketides arising from sorbicillin. Through co-expression of sorA, sorB, sorC, and sorD from Trichoderma reesei QM6a, the biosynthetic pathway to epoxysorbicillinol and dimeric sorbicillinoids, which resemble Diels–Alder-like and Michael-addition-like products, was reconstituted in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1. Expression and feeding experiments demonstrated the crucial requirement of the flavin-dependent monooxygenase SorD for the formation of dimeric sorbicillinoids, hybrid sorbicillinoids, and epoxysorbicillinol in vivo. In contrast to prior reports, SorD catalyses neither the oxidation of 2',3'-dihydrosorbicillin to sorbicillin nor the oxidation of sorbicillinol to oxosorbicillinol. This is the first report that both the intermolecular Diels–Alder and Michael dimerization reactions, as well as the epoxidation of sorbicillinol are catalysed in vivo by SorD. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
Tuning the conductivity along atomic chains by selective chemisorption
Creators: name: Edler, Frederik
name: Miccoli, Ilio
name: Stöckmann, Jan Philipp
name: Pfnür, Herbert
name: Braun, C.
name: Neufeld, S.
name: Sanna, S.
name: Schmidt, W.G.
name: Tegenkamp, Christoph
Publisher: name: College Park, MD : American Physical Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Adsorption of Au on vicinal Si(111) surfaces results in growth of long-range ordered metallic quantum wires. In this paper, we utilized site-specific and selective adsorption of oxygen to modify chemically the transport via different channels in the systems Si(553)-Au and Si(557)-Au. They were analyzed by electron diffraction and four-tip STM-based transport experiments. Modeling of the adsorption process by density functional theory shows that the adatoms and rest atoms on Si(557)-Au provide energetically favored adsorption sites, which predominantly alter the transport along the wire direction. Since this structural motif is missing on Si(553)-Au, the transport channels remain almost unaffected by oxidation. © 2017 American Physical Society.
Edge Channel Transport in InAs/GaSb Topological Insulating Phase
Creators: name: Suzuki, Kyoichi
name: Harada, Yuichi
name: Onomitsu, Koji
name: Muraki, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport in InAs/GaSb heterostructures with different InAs layer thicknesses is studied using a six-terminal Hall bar geometry with a 2-$μ$m edge channel length. For a sample with a 12-nm-thick InAs layer, non-local resistance measurements with various current/voltage contact configurations reveal that the transport is dominated by edge channels with negligible bulk contribution. Systematic non-local measurements allow us to extract the resistance of individual edge channels, revealing sharp resistance uctuations indicative of inelastic scattering. Our results show that the InAs/GaSb system can be tailored to have conducting edge channels while keeping a gap in the bulk region and provide a way of studying 2D topological insulators even when quantized transport is absent.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Design of Active Defects in Semiconductors: 3D Electron Diffraction Revealed Novel Organometallic Lead Bromide Phases Containing Ferrocene as Redox Switches
Creators: name: Fillafer, Nicole
name: Kuper, Henning
name: Schaate, Andreas
name: Locmelis, Sonja
name: Becker, Joerg August
name: Krysiak, Yaşar
name: Polarz, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ferrocene materials
subject: hybrid perovskites
subject: MicroED
subject: molecular switches
subject: semiconductors
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Once the optical, electronic, or photocatalytic properties of a semiconductor are set by adjusting composition, crystal phase, and morphology, one cannot change them anymore, respectively, on demand. Materials enabling postsynthetic and reversible switching of features such as absorption coefficient, bandgap, or charge carrier dynamics are highly desired. Hybrid perovskites facilitate exceptional possibilities for progress in the field of smart semiconductors because active organic molecules become an integral constituent of the crystalline structure. This paper reports the integration of ferrocene ligands into semiconducting 2D phases based on lead bromide. The complex crystal structures of the resulting, novel ferrovskite (≃ ferrocene perovskite) phases are determined by 3D electron diffraction. The ferrocene ligands exhibit strong structure-directing effects on the 2D hybrid phases, which is why the formation of exotic types of face- and edge-sharing lead bromide octahedra is observed. The bandgap of the materials ranges from 3.06 up to 3.51 eV, depending on the connectivity of the octahedra. By deploying the redox features of ferrocene, one can create defect states or even a defect band leading to control over the direction of exciton migration and energy transport in the semiconductor, enabling fluorescence via indirect to direct gap transition. © 2022 The Authors. Advanced Functional Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Optimal forwarding ratio on dynamical networks with heterogeneous mobility
Creators: name: Gan, Yu
name: Tang, Ming
name: Yang, Han-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 82-XX, 82C70

description: As the discovery of non-Poissonian statistics of human mobility trajectories, more attention has been paid to understanding the role of these patterns in different dynamics. In this study, we first introduce the heterogeneous mobility of mobile agents into dynamical networks, and then investigate the forwarding strategy on the heterogeneous dynamical networks. We find that the faster speed and the higher proportion of high-speed agents can enhance the network throughput and reduce the mean traveling time in the case of random forwarding. A hierarchical structure in the dependence of high-speed is observed: the network throughput remains unchanged in small and large high-speed value. It is interesting to find that the slightly preferential forwarding to high-speed agents can maximize the network capacity. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we show that the optimal forwarding ratio stems from local structural heterogeneity of low-speed agents.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Getting in, moving up, dropping out. The threefold social selectivity of participation in political parties – an empirical analysis of party members, former party members and the general public in Germany in 2017
Creators: name: Frederik, Springer
name: Markus, Klein
name: Yvonne, Lüdecke
name: Philipp, Becker
name: Lisa, Czeczinski
name: Bastian, Schmidt
Publisher: name: Abingdon : Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Party membership
subject: joining parties
subject: leaving parties
subject: political office holder
subject: political inequality
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::320 | Politik

description: Does the probability to join a political party, to become a party functionary, and to leave a party depend on individuals’ socioeconomic status? Political parties are central mediating actors between the population and the state; thus, it is reasonable to assume that unequal participation within parties fosters unequal political representation. However, due to data limitations no study has hitherto examined the social selectivity of the whole party membership cycle. We shed light on these issues by analysing original data from the German Party Membership Study 2017. We find that socially disadvantaged individuals are less likely to become and to stay party members and have a lower proclivity for holding political offices. These effects persist even after controlling for socialpsychological variables and the general incentives for party membership. However, in line with recent findings on voter turnout we show that social selectivity is partly mediated by political efficacy.
Improving the School Development Process in Cabarrus County, NC: A Cooperative Effort
Creators: name: Lentz, Rodger H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: School facilities are the most expensive public facilities provided by state and local government in North Carolina. School facilities are also one of our greatest physical assets in that they can become centers of activity for the communities surrounding them. Unfortunately, bottom line costs for land tend to be the driving force in school development rather than the positive and negative implications that the location of school facilities can have on an area. This article provides some background to the school location and development issue and describes action taken in Cabarrus County to improve the process.
From Walk-A-Thons to Congressional Hearings: Rural Transportation Services Come of Age
Creators: name: Garber, Connie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: In the late 1960s, in rural York County, Maine, one of the first walk-a-thons was organized with the theme: The children will walk so the elders may ride. This event raised $33,000, and the first van was purchased to provide transportation to some of York County's senior citizens. This scene, with variations on the theme, was repeated in the 1970s in countless other communities across the country, predominantly focusing on the need of elders to access medical care, shopping, and hot meal programs. The Councils on Aging and Senior Centers, serving as advocates for the elderly, set a high priority on access to services. They understood that without a means to move people from point A to point B, the best services were of no use to these potential consumers. Following the example set by advocates for senior citizens, groups such as Associations for Retarded Citizens, United Cerebral Palsy, and the Red Cross became involved with the provision of local transportation for their client groups. On the federal level, the growth of transportation services was fueled by the expanding array of programs serving health and human service needs. The Health Care Finance Administration (whose programs include Medicaid), Head Start, the Administration on Aging, and many other bureaus in the federal government became involved directly or peripherally in the funding of transportation for specific segments of the population. In 1978, the Urban Mass Transportation Act took on a new dimension when Section 18 was added to the original Act. Section 18 provided funding for capital and operating costs of non-urbanized public transportation. The establishment of rural transportation funding had been preceded by the Section 147 demonstration projects. These projects had so clearly proven the need for additional rural transportation resources that no full-scale evaluation was needed to substantiate their success. Why was there such a need? What were the circumstances in this country that precipitated the growth of transportation services, not only in the large urban areas, but in smaller cities and rural regions? We have only to look at how people lived, their means of livelihood, the family structure, the advancements in health care, and the regionalization of services to answer these questions.
Expanding Our Influence: Embracing Controversy and Seizing Opportunity
Creators: name: Waldon, Roger
name: Hitchings, Ben
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Two factors often shape the outcome of community planning efforts – how planners handle controversy and how they seize opportunity. This article characterizes these factors, identifies strategies to address them, and presents several case studies to illustrate these techniques in practice. In so doing, it offers insights on how to turn a community’s passions to productive use and expand our influence as planning professionals.
Mass/Radius Constraints on the Quiescent Neutron Star in M13 Using Hydrogen and Helium Atmospheres
Creators: name: Catuneanu, Andrei
name: Heinke, Craig O.
name: Sivakoff, Gregory R.
name: Ho, Wynn C. G.
name: Servillat, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass and radius of the neutron star (NS) in low-mass X-ray binaries can be obtained by fitting the X-ray spectrum of the NS in quiescence, and the mass and radius constrains the properties of dense matter in NS cores. A critical ingredient for spectral fits is the composition of the NS atmosphere: hydrogen atmospheres are assumed in most prior work, but helium atmospheres are possible if the donor star is a helium white dwarf. Here we perform spectral fits to XMM, Chandra, and ROSAT data of a quiescent NS in the globular cluster M13. This NS has the smallest inferred radius from previous spectral fitting. Assuming an atmosphere composed of hydrogen, we find a significantly larger radius, more consistent with those from other quiescent NSs. With a helium atmosphere (an equally acceptable fit), we find even larger values for the radius.
description: ApJ, in press. 6 pages, 5 figures
Foaming Species and Trapping Mechanisms in Barium Silicate Glass Sealants
Creators: name: Müller, Ralf
name: Behrens, Harald
name: Agea-Blanco, Boris
name: Reinsch, Stefan
name: Wirth, Thomas
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verl.
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: foaming
subject: glass powder
subject: milling
subject: sintering
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::660 | Technische Chemie

description: Barium silicate glass powders 4 h milled in CO2 and Ar and sintered in air are studied with microscopy, total carbon analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), vacuum hot extraction mass spectroscopy (VHE-MS), Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (TOF−SIMS). Intensive foaming of powder compacts is evident, and VHE studies prove that foaming is predominantly caused by carbonaceous species for both milling gases. DTA shows that the decomposition of BaCO3 particles mix-milled with glass powders occurs at similar temperatures as foaming of compacts. However, no carbonate at the glass surface could be detected by FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, and TOF−SIMS after heating to the temperature of sintering. Instead, CO2 molecules unable to rotate identified by FTIR spectroscopy after milling, probably trapped by mechanical dissolution into the glass bulk. Such a mechanism or microencapsulation in cracks and particle aggregates can explain the contribution of Ar to foaming after intense milling in Ar atmosphere. The amount of CO2 molecules and Ar, however, cannot fully explain the extent of foaming. Carbonates mechanically dissolved beneath the surface or encapsulated in cracks and micropores of particle aggregates are therefore probably the major foaming source. © 2021 The Authors. Advanced Engineering Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
“Metal-modified base pairs” vs. “metal-mediated pairs of bases”: not just a semantic issue!
Creators: name: Lippert, Bernhard
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Metal-modified nucleobase pairs
subject: Metal-mediated base pairs
subject: Metal nucleobase cross-links
subject: 540

description: A “nucleobase pair” is not identical with a “pair of basic ligands”, as only in the first case, the existence of inter-base hydrogen bonds is implied. The cross-linking of two nucleobases or two basic ligands by a metal ion of suitable geometry produces either “metal-modified” or “metal-mediated” species, but in the author’s opinion, this difference is not always properly made. This commentary is an attempt to provide a clearer distinction between the two scenarios.
description: Journal of biological inorganic chemistry;27(2)