cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mass of nonrelativistic meson from leading twist distribution amplitudes
Creators: name: Braguta, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper distribution amplitudes of pseudoscalar and vector nonrelativistic mesons are considered. Using equations of motion for the distribution amplitudes, it is derived relations which allow one to calculate the masses of nonrelativistic pseudoscalar and vector meson if the leading twist distribution amplitudes are known. These relations can be also rewritten as relations between the masses of nonrelativistic mesons and infinite series of QCD operators, what can be considered as an exact version of Gremm-Kapustin relation in NRQCD.
description: 4 pages
Acoustoelectric luminescence from a field-effect n-i-p lateral junction
Creators: name: De Simoni, Giorgio
name: Piazza, Vincenzo
name: Sorba, Lucia
name: Biasiol, Giorgio
name: Beltram, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) driven light-emitting-diode structure that can implement a single-photon-source for quantum-cryptography applications is demonstrated. Our lateral n-i-p junction is realized starting from an undoped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well by gating. It incorporates interdigitated transducers for SAW generation and lateral gates for current control. We demonstrate acoustoelectric transport and SAW-driven electroluminescence. The acoustoelectric current can be controlled down to complete pinch-off by means of the lateral gates.
Ab-initio procedure for effective models of correlated materials with entangled band structure
Creators: name: Miyake, Takashi
name: Aryasetiawan, Ferdi
name: Imada, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first-principles method for deriving effective low-energy models of electrons in solids having entangled band structure. The procedure starts with dividing the Hilbert space into two subspaces, the low-energy part ("$d$ space'') and the rest of the space ("$r$ space''). The low-energy model is constructed for the $d$ space by eliminating the degrees of freedom of the $r$ space. The thus derived model contains the strength of electron correlation expressed by a partially screened Coulomb interaction, calculated in the constrained random-phase-approximation (cRPA) where screening channels within the $d$ space, $P_d$, are subtracted. One conceptual problem of this established downfolding method is that for entangled bands it is not clear how to cut out the $d$ space and how to distinguish $P_d$ from the total polarization. Here, we propose a simple procedure to overcome this difficulty. In our scheme, the $d$ subspace is cut out from the Hilbert space of the Kohn Sham eigenfunctions with the help of a procedure to construct a localized Wannier basis. The $r$ subspace is constructed as the complementary space orthogonal to the $d$ subspace. After this disentanglement, $P_d$ becomes well defined. Using the disentangled bands, the effective parameters are uniquely determined in the cRPA. The method is successfully applied to 3$d$ transition metals.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Primordial Non-Gaussianities from the Trispectra in Multiple Field Inflationary Models
Creators: name: Gao, Xian
name: Li, Miao
name: Lin, Chunshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the primordial non-Gaussianities from the trispectra in multi-field inflation models, which can be seen as generalization of multi-field $k$-inflation and multi-DBI inflation. We derive the full fourth-order perturbation action for the inflaton fields and evaluate the four-point correlation functions for the perturbations in the limit $\ca \ll 1$ and $\ce \ll1$. There are three types of momentum-dependent shape functions which arise from three types of four-point interaction vertices. The final trispectrum of the curvature perturbation can be expressed in terms of the deformations and permutations of these three shape functions, and is determined by $\ca$, $\ce$, $λ$, $Π$ which depend on the non-linear structure of the model and also the transfer function $T_{\Rc\Sc}$. We also discuss the parameter space for the trispectrum and plot the shape diagrams for the trispectrum both for visualization and for distinguishing different shapes from each other.
description: 36 pages, 8 eps figures; v2 more general two-field model considered, JCAP version
Additional file 1 of Expression of CFTR, a hallmark gene of ionocytes, is downregulated in salivary glands of Sjögren’s syndrome patients
Creators: name: Zhang, Qi
name: Lv, Xiuying
name: Wang, Ying
name: Wang, Bin
name: He, Yan
name: Chen, Chubing
name: Shi, Guixiu
name: Li, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Results for the normality tests. Supplementary Table 2. The relationship between the CFTR gene and SjS-related immunological indices. Supplementary Table 3. The connection between CFTR gene and some definitive serum biomarkers associated with disease activity in SjS.
Orthopositronium lifetime at O(alpha) and O(alpha^3 ln(alpha)) in closed form
Creators: name: Kniehl, B. A.
name: Kotikov, A. V.
name: Veretin, O. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the O(alpha) and O(alpha^3 ln(alpha)) radiative corrections to the orthopositronium lifetime have been presented in closed analytical form, in terms of basic irrational numbers that can be evaluated numerically to arbitrary precision [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 193401 (2008)]. Here, we present the details of this calculation and reveal the nature of these new constants. We also list explicit transformation formulas for generalized polylogarithms of weight four, which may be useful for other applications.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure, several misprints corrected, reference updated, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Benchmark problems for continuum radiative transfer. High optical depths, anisotropic scattering, and polarisation
Creators: name: Pinte, C.
name: Harries, T. J.
name: Min, M.
name: Watson, A. M.
name: Dullemond, C. P.
name: Woitke, P.
name: Menard, F.
name: Duran-Rojas, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solving the continuum radiative transfer equation in high opacity media requires sophisticated numerical tools. In order to test the reliability of such tools, we present a benchmark of radiative transfer codes in a 2D disc configuration. We test the accuracy of seven independently developed radiative transfer codes by comparing the temperature structures, spectral energy distributions, scattered light images, and linear polarisation maps that each model predicts for a variety of disc opacities and viewing angles. The test cases have been chosen to be numerically challenging, with midplane optical depths up 10^6, a sharp density transition at the inner edge and complex scattering matrices. We also review recent progress in the implementation of the Monte Carlo method that allow an efficient solution to these kinds of problems and discuss the advantages and limitations of Monte Carlo codes compared to those of discrete ordinate codes. For each of the test cases, the predicted results from the radiative transfer codes are within good agreement. The results indicate that these codes can be confidently used to interpret present and future observations of protoplanetary discs.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Structure of Cosmic Ray-modified Perpendicular Shocks
Creators: name: Lyutikov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinetic diffusion of cosmic rays ahead of perpendicular shocks induces charge non-neutrality, which is mostly, yet not completely, screened by the bulk plasma via polarization drift current. Hydrodynamic shear instabilities as well as modified Buneman instability of the polarization current generate the turbulence necessary for a Fermi-type acceleration. Thus, similar to the case of parallel shocks, in perpendicular shocks the diffusing cosmic rays generate unstable plasma currents that in turn excite turbulence. This allows a self-consistent evolution of a shock-cosmic rays system. In the kinetic regime of the modified Buneman instability, electrons may be heated in the cosmic ray precursor.
description: 12 pages, 1 Fig
Inhomogeneous phase formation on the border of itinerant ferromagnetism
Creators: name: Conduit, G. J.
name: Green, A. G.
name: Simons, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variety of analytical techniques suggest that quantum fluctuations lead to a fundamental instability of the Fermi liquid that drives ferromagnetic transitions first order at low temperatures. We present both analytical and numerical evidence that, driven by the same quantum fluctuations, this first order transition is pre-empted by the formation of an inhomogeneous magnetic phase. This occurs in a manner that is closely analogous to the formation of the inhomogeneous superconducting Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state. We derive these results from a field theoretical approach supplemented with numerical Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Our analytical approach represents a considerable simplification over diagrammatic methods, makes contact with older analyses of the unitarity limit, and enables a simple physical picture to emerge.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Direct entropy measurements in mesoscopic systems : from proof of concept to the Kondo regime
Creators: name: Child, Timothy James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Direct measurements of entropy in mesoscopic systems offer a promising pathway to explore a wide range of exotic quantum phenomena, especially those that prove challenging to investigate through conventional transport metrics. While entropy evaluations have traditionally depended on bulk properties like heat capacity – readily measurable in macroscopic systems – these approaches become ineffective at a mesoscopic scale where such properties are vanishingly small. For mesoscopic systems, a fundamentally different approach is required. This thesis introduces a novel entropy measurement protocol, founded on a Maxwell relation, that is universal for arbitrary mesoscopic circuits. It is developed, tested, and applied to systems of increasing complexity within two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) hosted in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The central focus of the research is the development and validation of a universal entropy measurement protocol tailored for mesoscopic systems. This method is first demonstrated on a quantum dot weakly coupled to a thermal reservoir, affirming its effectiveness and showcasing the capability to continually assess entropy change throughout a charge transition – a marked advancement over the foundational approach that inspired this work. The protocol is next applied to a double quantum dot system, illustrating its aptitude to measure non-local entropy via capacitive coupling. The protocol’s universality is highlighted through measurements of a quantum dot hybridized with an electron reservoir, where density-matrix numerical renormalization group simulations align with experimental results up to intermediate coupling strengths. A notable divergence between theory and experiment emerges for stronger couplings, particularly where Kondo correlations are anticipated (in the mixed valence regime), raising intriguing questions yet to be answered. Lastly, preliminary measurements from a newly configured device that facilitates operation in the Kondo regime are discussed. The findings suggest spin suppression in the system, potentially marking the first observation of the entropic effect of a persistent Kondo-correlated singlet state. This research establishes a fundamentally new technique with wide applicability, reaching beyond GaAs/AlGaAs 2DEGs to include other 2D mesoscopic systems such as layered graphene structures. As the field of quantum entropy measurement advances, this work sets a robust platform for future studies targeting a myriad of exotic quantum systems.
Gamma Lines and Dark Matter from Anomaly Cancellation
Creators: name: Debnath, Hridoy
name: Perez, Pavel Fileviez
name: Gonzalez-Quesada, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a simple theory for physics beyond the Standard Model where a Majorana dark matter is predicted from anomaly cancellation. We discuss in detail the minimal theory where the baryon number is a local symmetry spontaneously broken at the low scale. The correlation between the cosmological constraints on the dark matter relic density, the direct detection and collider bounds is investigated. We discuss in great detail the gamma lines from dark matter annihilation showing the possibility to test these predictions in the near future at gamma-ray telescopes such as CTA. We investigate all processes contributing to the total photon flux from dark matter annihilation and point out the unique features that can be used to test this theory for dark matter.
description: v2: a few corrections, references added, version to appear in Physical Review D
Tuning of structure inversion asymmetry by the $δ$-doping position in (001)-grown GaAs quantum wells
Creators: name: Lechner, V.
name: Golub, L. E.
name: Olbrich, P.
name: Stachel, S.
name: Schuh, D.
name: Wegscheider, W.
name: Bel'kov, V. V.
name: Ganichev, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structure and bulk inversion asymmetry in doped (001)-grown GaAs quantum wells is investigated by applying the magnetic field induced photogalvanic effect. We demonstrate that the structure inversion asymmetry (SIA) can be tailored by variation of the delta-doping layer position. Symmetrically-doped structures exhibit a substantial SIA due to impurity segregation during the growth process. Tuning the SIA by the delta-doping position we grow samples with almost equal degrees of structure and bulk inversion asymmetry.
description: 4 pages 2 figures
Communio Dei : particularity in the universal humanity of Jesus Christ
Creators: name: Everhart, Drew Thomas
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Christology
subject: Theological anthropology
subject: Particularity
subject: Social ontology
subject: Analytic theology
subject: Science-engaged theology
subject: Image of God
subject: Human nature
subject: Theology of race
subject: Theology of gender
subject: BT203.E84
subject: Jesus Christ--Person and offices
subject: Theological anthropology--Christianity
subject: Particularism (Theology)

description: This thesis explores the role of particularity, especially racial and gendered particularity, in human nature through an exploration of Christological anthropology. If all humanity is revealed and redeemed in Christ’s particular humanity, what does it mean that Christ became human in particular ways, such as his maleness and Palestinian-Jewishness? Specifically, what does Christ’s assumption of a particular humanity mean for our own particularity as human beings made in his Image. Many feminist Christologies argue that this makes Christ unqualified to save women, while theologies of race often emphasize the solidarity of Christ with black and brown bodies. Particularity appears to play a significant role in our being human, but it also appears to make salvific union with Christ impossible for some. Instead, this thesis argues that human nature ought to be conceived of in onto-relational terms, so that human beings are constituted by their relations to other persons within the created order. Human nature is not defined by a set of properties held in common by all, but by a shared telos for communion with God, fellow-humanity, and the created order. In such a communion, called the communio Dei, human persons share second-personally that which is particular to themselves with others in a human reflection of divine perichoresis. Human nature is thus created to be an essentially diverse community united not by a common set of features or faculties, but by a shared telos to be a community comprised of every tribe, tongue, and nation united in worship of YHWH. Christ embodies this in how he transforms the relationship between particularities, such as race and gender, so that alienated peoples may have loving, self-giving communion with one another in the Spirit-wrought community, the body of Christ.
Doubly periodic waves of a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger system with saturable nonlinearity
Creators: name: Conte, Robert
name: Chow, Kwok-wing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system of two discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations of the Ablowitz-Ladik type with a saturable nonlinearity is shown to admit a doubly periodic wave, whose long wave limit is also derived. As a by-product, several new solutions of the elliptic type are provided for NLS-type discrete and continuous systems.
description: 12 pages, to appear, Journal of nonlinear mathematical physics
Discovery of Molecular Loop 3 in the Galactic Center: Evidence for a Positive-Velocity Magnetically Floated Loop towards $L=355^\circ-359^\circ$
Creators: name: Fujishita, Motosuji
name: Torii, Kazufumi
name: Kudo, Natsuko
name: Kawase, Tokuichi
name: Yamamoto, Hiroaki
name: Kawamura, Akiko
name: Mizuno, Norikazu
name: Onishi, Toshikazu
name: Mizuno, Akira
name: Machida, Mami
name: Takahashi, Kunio
name: Nozawa, Satoshi
name: Matsumoto, Ryoji
name: Fukui, Yasuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered a molecular dome-like feature towards $355^{\circ} \leq l \leq 359^{\circ}$ and $0^{\circ} \leq b \leq 2^{\circ}$. The large velocity dispersions of 50--100 km s$^{-1}$ of this feature are much larger than those in the Galactic disk and indicate that the feature is located in the Galactic center, probably within $\sim1$ kpc of Sgr A$^{*}$. The distribution has a projected length of $\sim600$ pc and height of $\sim300$ pc from the Galactic disk and shows a large-scale monotonic velocity gradient of $\sim130$ km s $^{-1}$ per $\sim600$ pc. The feature is also associated with HI gas having a more continuous spatial and velocity distribution than that of $^{12}$CO. We interpret the feature as a magnetically floated loop similar to loops 1 and 2 and name it "loop 3". Loop 3 is similar to loops 1 and 2 in its height and length but is different from loops 1 and 2 in that the inner part of loop 3 is filled with molecular emission. We have identified two foot points at the both ends of loop 3. HI, $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO datasets were used to estimate the total mass and kinetic energy of loop 3 to be $\sim3.0 \times 10^{6} \Mo$ and $\sim1.7 \times 10^{52}$ ergs. The huge size, velocity dispersions and energy are consistent with the magnetic origin the Parker instability as in case of loops 1 and 2 but is difficult to be explained by multiple stellar explosions. We argue that loop 3 is in an earlier evolutionary phase than loops 1 and 2 based on the inner-filled morphology and the relative weakness of the foot points. This discovery indicates that the western part of the nuclear gas disk of $\sim1$ kpc radius is dominated by the three well-developed magnetically floated loops and suggests that the dynamics of the nuclear gas disk is strongly affected by the magnetic instabilities.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures. High resolution figures are available at http://www.a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~motosuji/fujishita09_figs/
Working together to promote academic inclusion of students with extensive support needs : a cultural historical activity theory approach to examining inter-professional collaborative practice in inclusive education
Creators: name: Skinner, Sarah Yvonne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Despite the promise of inclusive and equitable learning opportunities for all students, many students with extensive support needs (ESNs) are not included in grade-level curricular activities (Rao et al., 2017). Students with ESNs are more likely to experience academic inclusion when multi-disciplinary school professionals engage in inter-professional collaborative practice (IPP; Bowman et al., 2020). However, IPP rarely occurs in schools (Bose & Hinojosa, 2008). The present study examined how multi-disciplinary school professionals engaged in IPP as they collaboratively designed learning materials and activities for a grade-level curricular unit that were accessible to an elementary school-aged student with ESNs. This qualitative study followed the multiple-case study method (two cases) outlined by Yin (2018), and data collection and analysis were guided by Cultural Historical Activity Theory (Engeström, 2000, 2014). School professionals who provided support to a student with ESNs were selected as participants. In each case, participants included: a classroom teacher, an education assistant, at least one learning support teacher, and a speech-language pathologist. Participants attended a half-day workshop where they took part in a presentation about inclusive education for students with ESNs and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Next, they developed curricular materials and learning activities for a science unit that were accessible to the student with ESNs, using principles of UDL to guide their planning. Sources of data included direct observations, focus groups, semi-structured interviews, and documents. Within-case analysis was conducted using a process of reflexive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006, 2022). Findings across cases were compared to an initial set of propositions using a pattern matching technique (Yin, 2018). Consistent with previous literature, findings demonstrated that as participants engaged in IPP, their collective expertise resulted in participants sharing both the workload and the responsibility of the design of an accessible curricular unit. Furthermore, some participants experienced a shift in perspective with respect to students with ESNs and a re-examination of their professional roles and responsibilities, including prioritizing opportunities for collaboration with classroom teachers. Finally, findings from Case 2 demonstrated how participants used principles of UDL to include a student with ESNs in curricular grade-level curricular activities.
Suppression of thermally activated escape by heating
Creators: name: Getfert, Sebastian
name: Reimann, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of thermally activated escape over a potential barrier is solved by means of path integrals for one-dimensional reaction dynamics with very general time dependences. For a suitably chosen but still quite simple static potential landscape, the net escape rate may be substantially reduced by temporally increasing the temperature above its unperturbed constant level.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
The Structure & Dynamics of Massive Early-type Galaxies: On Homology, Isothermality and Isotropy inside one Effective Radius
Creators: name: Koopmans, L. V. E.
name: Bolton, A.
name: Treu, T.
name: Czoske, O.
name: Auger, M. W.
name: Barnabe, M.
name: Vegetti, S.
name: Gavazzi, R.
name: Moustakas, L. A.
name: Burles, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on 58 SLACS strong-lens early-type galaxies with direct total-mass and stellar-velocity dispersion measurements, we find that inside one effective radius massive elliptical galaxies with M_eff >= 3x10^10 M_sun are well-approximated by a power-law ellipsoid with an average logaritmic density slope of = -dlog(rho_tot)/dlog(r)=2.085^{+0.025}_{-0.018} (random error on mean) for isotropic orbits with beta_r=0, +-0.1 (syst.) and sigma_gamma' <= 0.20^{+0.04}_{-0.02} intrinsic scatter (all errors indicate the 68 percent CL). We find no correlation of gamma'_LD with galaxy mass (M_eff), rescaled radius (i.e. R_einst/R_eff) or redshift, despite intrinsic differences in density-slope between galaxies. Based on scaling relations, the average logarithmic density slope can be derived in an alternative manner, fully independent from dynamics, yielding =1.959 +- 0.077. Agreement between the two values is reached for =0.45 +- 0.25, consistent with mild radial anisotropy. This agreement supports the robustness of our results, despite the increase in mass-to-light ratio with total galaxy mass: M_eff ~ L_{V,eff}^(1.363+-0.056). We conclude that massive early-type galaxies are structurally close-to homologous with close-to isothermal total density profiles (<=10 percent intrinsic scatter) and have at most some mild radial anisotropy. Our results provide new observational limits on galaxy formation and evolution scenarios, covering four Gyr look-back time.
description: Accepted for publication by ApJL; 4 pages, 2 figures
Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation and static spheres in Conformal Killing gravity
Creators: name: Mantica, Carlo Alberto
name: Molinari, Luca Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83D05 (Primary), 83C15, 83C56 (Secondary)

description: We derive the analog of the Tolman - Oppenheimer - Volkoff equation in conformal Killing gravity in a static spherically symmetric spacetime, sourced by anisotropic fluid matter. It differs from the original equation by new dark terms associated to a conformal Killing tensor. The formulation of gravity as an Einstein equation augmented by a conserved conformal Killing tensor enables to implement the junction conditions for a sphere of anisotropic fluid with the conformal Killing vacuum. The equations are solved for a perfect fluid sphere with uniform matter density, in the Harada vacuum. The extension of Buchdahl's equation for the critical radius - mass density is obtained.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. New section on vacuum solutions. Extension of TOV equation and junction conditions to anisotropic matter fluid. New figures. Text improved
EvoL: The new Padova T-SPH parallel code for cosmological simulations - I. Basic code: gravity and hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Merlin, Emiliano
name: Buonomo, Umberto
name: Grassi, Tommaso
name: Piovan, Lorenzo
name: Chiosi, Cesare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present EvoL, the new release of the Padova N-body code for cosmological simulations of galaxy formation and evolution. In this paper, the basic Tree + SPH code is presented and analysed, together with an overview on the software architectures. EvoL is a flexible parallel Fortran95 code, specifically designed for simulations of cosmological structure formation on cluster, galactic and sub-galactic scales. EvoL is a fully Lagrangian self-adaptive code, based on the classical Oct-tree and on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics algorithm. It includes special features such as adaptive softening lengths with correcting extra-terms, and modern formulations of SPH and artificial viscosity. It is designed to be run in parallel on multiple CPUs to optimize the performance and save computational time. We describe the code in detail, and present the results of a number of standard hydrodynamical tests.
description: 33 pages, 49 figures, accepted on A&A
Mixed Warm Dark Matter Constraints using Milky Way Satellite Galaxy Counts
Creators: name: Tan, Chin Yi
name: Dekker, Ariane
name: Drlica-Wagner, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Warm dark matter has been strongly constrained in recent years as the sole component of dark matter. However, a less-explored alternative is that dark matter consists of a mixture of warm and cold dark matter (MWDM). In this work, we use observations of Milky Way satellite galaxies to constrain MWDM scenarios where the formation of small-scale structure is suppressed either by generic thermal relic warm dark matter or a sterile neutrino produced through the Shi-Fuller mechanism. To achieve this, we model satellite galaxies by combining numerical simulations with semi-analytical models for the subhalo population, and use a galaxy--halo connection model to match galaxies onto dark matter subhalos. By comparing the number of satellites predicted by MWDM models to the observed satellite population from the Dark Energy Survey and Pan-STARRS1, we constrain the fraction of warm dark matter, $f_{\rm WDM}$, as a function of its mass, $m_{\rm WDM}$. We exclude dark matter being composed entirely of thermal relic warm dark matter with $m_{\rm WDM} \leq 6.6 $ keV at a posterior ratio of 10:1, consistent with previous works. However, we find that warm dark matter with smaller mass is allowed when mixed with cold dark matter, and that the $f_{\rm WDM}$ constraints strengthen with decreasing $m_{\rm WDM}$ until they plateau at $f_{\rm WDM} \lesssim 0.45 $ for $m_{\rm WDM} \lesssim 1.5$ keV. Likewise, in the case of a sterile neutrino with mass of 7 keV produced through the Shi-Fuller mechanism, we exclude a fraction of $f_{ν_s} \lesssim 0.45$, independent of mixing angle. Our results extend constraints on MWDM to a region of parameter space that has been relatively unconstrained with previous analysis.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures; This version: accepted to PRD
Understanding the role of Basigin in regulating Integrin activation at glial focal adhesion complexes in the peripheral nerves of Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Roth, Sophie Faith
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: In the nervous system, glial cells play an important role in ensheathing and protecting nerves from damage, however, the employed mechanisms to properly ensheath nerves are still unknown. In Drosophila melanogaster, the perineurial glia (PG) are a conserved class of glia that surround peripheral nerves and ensure proper ensheathment through interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Glia-ECM interactions occur through focal adhesions (FAs) comprised of integrins and intracellular proteins including talin and vinculin. Loss of FAs leads to the loss of the perineurial glial sheath and disruption of nervous system function. Integrins also associate with the transmembrane protein Basigin (aka Neuroplastin) in the PG. Loss of Basigin leads to constriction across nerves causing deformation of the glial membrane, cytoskeleton and the overlying ECM. The loss of Basigin phenotype can be rescued by a loss of integrin, leading to the hypothesis that Basigin knockdown in the PG leads to increased integrin activation. We performed FLIM-FRET (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy - Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) using paired donor-acceptor sensors inserted in talin that vary in sensitivity to force to quantify changes in integrin activation. Compared to controls, we observed a significant decrease in the FLIM-FRET efficiency in Basigin knockdown animals. This result implies that the sensor is being stretched due to the lengthening of talin, likely because of increased integrin activation. However, the excitation lasers for both the donor and acceptor were turned on when collecting FLIM-FRET images, which led to a false positive FRET signal with donor-only controls and prompted the reinterpretation of results. We also observed a significant increase in the integrated density of vinculin in the PG when Basigin is reduced. Since vinculin binds and stabilizes talin in an extended state, an increase in vinculin recruitment suggests an increase in talin lengthening and thus an increase in integrin activation. Overall, these data provide further evidence that the phenotypes observed with the loss of Basigin are likely caused by an increase in integrin activation. These findings support the proposed role for Basigin as a negative regulator of integrin activation allowing for the modulation of glia-ECM adhesion and overall nerve morphology.
Vector meson-vector meson interaction in a hidden gauge unitary approach
Creators: name: Geng, L. S.
name: Oset, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formalism developed recently to study vector meson--vector meson interaction, and applied to the case of $ρρ$, is extended to study the interaction of the nonet of vector mesons among themselves. The interaction leads to poles of the scattering matrix corresponding to bound states or resonances. We show that 11 states (either bound or resonant) get dynamically generated in nine strangeness-isospin-spin channels. Five of them can be identified with those reported in the PDG, i.e., the $f_0(1370)$, $f_0(1710)$, $f_2(1270)$, $f'_2(1525)$, and $K^*_2(1430)$. The masses of the latter three tensor states have been used to fine-tune the free parameters of the unitary approach, i.e., the subtraction constants in evaluating the vector meson -vector meson loop functions in the dimensional regularization scheme. The branching ratios of these five dynamically generated states are found to be consistent with data. The existence of the other six states should be taken as predictions to be tested by future experiments.
description: typos corrected; more discussions; one of the appendix rearranged
Role of Harderian Gland in Avian – an overview
Creators: name: R. Menaka and Gopal Puri*
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2023

description: The Harderian gland (HG) is a dominant orbital gland and lympho-epithelial organ in avian species. It is popularly named one of the major para-occular exocrine glands of domestic fowl.  The Harderian gland is an important part of conjunctiva associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) (Payne, 1994., Pawar et al., 1998 and Khan et al., 2007). The lymphoid tissue of the chicken is divided into "central" and " peripheral" ones. The central lymphoid tissue includes bursa of Fabricius and thymus. The peripheral lymphoid tissue includes the spleen, caecal tonsils and all the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues including respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, alimentary tract and head associated lymphoid tissues that consist of Harderian glands (Islam et al., 2017). It presents granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes in the sub-epithelial layer and lumina of the lobules for local immunity of the orbit. It plays an essential role in the immune response of the ocular region as well as in the upper respiratory system (Mobini, 2012). The gland was first described by the Swiss physician Johann Jacob Harder in 1694, in Dama vulgaris deer. Since then, much data has been reported regarding these glands, known as Harder's glands or Harderian glands. In avian three types of Harderian glands (HG) based on histomorphological features observed (Burns, 1992) as follows.
Forecasting Energy Needs with Logistics
Creators: name: Modis, Theodore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The logistic function is used to forecast energy consumed worldwide and oil production in the U.S. The logistic substitution model is used to describe the energy mix since 1965 presenting a picture significantly different from the one covering the previous 100 years. In the new picture coal gently gains on oil and hydroelectric gains on natural gas even if it is three times smaller. Finally, renewables (wind, geothermal, solar, biomass, and waste) grow exclusively on the expense of nuclear and are poised to overtake it by the late 2030s. By mid-21st century, coal, oil, and natural gas still remain the main players of comparable size. Hydroelectric has almost doubled in size. The only significant substitution is that of renewables having replaced nuclear albeit remaining at less than one-fourth the size of the other three energy sources. U.S. oil produced by fracking is forecasted to cease by mid-21st century, while oil produced by traditional methods should continue on its slowly declining trend. US oil production is likely to represent less than 1% of the oil consumed worldwide by mid-21st century.
description: 17 pages; 11 figures
HOLISTIC ON THE BASIS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY "STEAM",THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SYSTEMATIZED KNOWLEDGE-GIVING
Creators: name: M. S. Xodjamberdiev assistant professor of Andijan state university
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In this article, Steam is integrated based on educational technology,   theoretical parables of systematized knowledge-giving have been studied.
Keywords: Education technology, personality-oriented education, science integration, interdisciplinary interconnection, STEAM education technology, career orientation, technologist-engineering thought.
Ageing in the Neuropolis : urban bio-spatiality and seniors' everyday experience in a global city
Creators: name: Khoo, Louisa-May
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: This dissertation explores the relationship between urban change and the ageing experience to understand wellbeing in late life. Using the case of Singapore, I illuminate how global city making and the social costs people bear shape seniors’ everyday lives. I offer the concept of urban bio-spatiality in thinking about the urban-body-brain nexus as stresses seep under the skin over the lifecourse alongside the transformation of the urban environment, with effects and possibilities. An urban lifecourse approach helps us better appreciate the production of the ageing experience, where another A.I., an anthropological intelligence, is essential to centre ‘heartware’ in a planning for longevity. This fosters places as carescapes as societies age, and shifts planning from a physicalist towards a humanistic perspective; from an economistic and urban design lens towards a stewardship of connections.
DiMB-RE: Mining the Scientific Literature for Diet-Microbiome Associations
Creators: name: Hong, Gibong
name: Hindle, Veronica
name: Veasley, Nadine M.
name: Holscher, Hannah D.
name: Kilicoglu, Halil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objective: To develop a corpus annotated for diet-microbiome associations from the biomedical literature and train natural language processing (NLP) models to identify these associations, thereby improving the understanding of their role in health and disease, and supporting personalized nutrition strategies. Materials and Methods: We constructed DiMB-RE, a comprehensive corpus annotated with 15 entity types (e.g., Nutrient, Microorganism) and 13 relation types (e.g., INCREASES, IMPROVES) capturing diet-microbiome associations. We fine-tuned and evaluated state-of-the-art NLP models for named entity, trigger, and relation extraction as well as factuality detection using DiMB-RE. In addition, we benchmarked two generative large language models (GPT-4o-mini and GPT-4o) on a subset of the dataset in zero- and one-shot settings. Results: DiMB-RE consists of 14,450 entities and 4,206 relationships from 165 publications (including 30 full-text Results sections). Fine-tuned NLP models performed reasonably well for named entity recognition (0.800 F1 score), while end-to-end relation extraction performance was modest (0.445 F1). The use of Results section annotations improved relation extraction. The impact of trigger detection was mixed. Generative models showed lower accuracy compared to fine-tuned models. Discussion: To our knowledge, DiMB-RE is the largest and most diverse corpus focusing on diet-microbiome interactions. NLP models fine-tuned on DiMB-RE exhibit lower performance compared to similar corpora, highlighting the complexity of information extraction in this domain. Misclassified entities, missed triggers, and cross-sentence relations are the major sources of relation extraction errors. Conclusions: DiMB-RE can serve as a benchmark corpus for biomedical literature mining. DiMB-RE and the NLP models are available at https://github.com/ScienceNLP-Lab/DiMB-RE.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. Please refer to the supplementary data if needed: https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaf054
FERMI constraints on the high energy, ~1 GeV, emission of long GRBs
Creators: name: Guetta, Dafne
name: Pian, Elena
name: Waxman, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the constraints imposed on the luminosity function (LF) of long duration Gamma Ray Bursts (LGRBs) by the flux distribution of bursts detected by the GBM at ~1 MeV, and the implications of the non detection of the vast majority, ~95%, of the LGRBs at higher energy, ~1 GeV, by the LAT detector. We find a LF that is consistent with those determined by BATSE and Swift. The non detections by LAT set upper limits on the ratio R of the prompt fluence at ~1 GeV to that at ~1 MeV. The upper limits are more stringent for brighter bursts, with R
description: 12 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to A&A
Impurity-induced magnetic order in low dimensional spin gapped materials
Creators: name: Bobroff, J.
name: Laflorencie, N.
name: Alexander, L. K.
name: Mahajan, A. V.
name: Koteswararao, B.
name: Mendels, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the effect of non-magnetic Zn impurities in the coupled spin-ladder Bi(Cu1xZnx)2PO6 using 31P NMR, muSR and Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that the impurities induce in their vicinity antiferromagnetic polarizations, extending over a few unit cells. At low temperature, these extended moments freeze in a process which is found universal among various other spin-gapped compounds: isolated ladders, Haldane or Spin-Peierls chains. This allows us to propose a simple common framework to explain the generic low-temperature impurity induced freezings observed in low dimensional spin-gapped materials.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; Supplemental material at arXiv:0907.0211
Influence of field potential on the speed of light
Creators: name: Weng, Zi-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper discusses the affection of the scalar potential on the speed of light in the electromagnetic field, by means of the characteristics of octonion. In the octonion space, the radius vector is combined with the integral of field potentials to become one new radius vector. When the field potentials can not be neglected, the new radius vector will cause the prediction to departure slightly from the theoretical value of the speed of light. The results explain why the speed of light varies in diversiform optical waveguide. And there exist negative refractive indexes due to different scalar potentials in the gravitational field and electromagnetic field.
description: 4 Latex pages, to appear in Proceedings of PIERS 2009 in Moscow
WhY shape matters: Hydrodynamics of a Y-shaped membraneless electrolyzer
Creators: name: Schoppmann, Karl
name: Rox, Hannes
name: Frense, Erik
name: Rüdiger, Frank
name: Yang, Xuegeng
name: Eckert, Kerstin
name: Fröhlich, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel Y-shaped membraneless flow-through electrolyzer is introduced to achieve a homogeneous electrochemical reaction across the entire electrode in a cost-efficient cell design with effective product separation. Numerical simulations of the electrolyte flow and electrical current within the already known I- and T-shaped cells motivate the newly proposed Y-shape cell. Furthermore, a new design criterion is developed based on the balance between bubble removal and gas generation. As proof-of-concept experimental results using the Y-shaped electrolyzer are presented, showing homogeneous gas distributions across the electrode and efficient product separation by the electrolyte flow.
description: 30 pages (21 pages manuscript + 9 pages supplemental material), 8 figures
Precision Flavour Physics with $B\to Kν\barν$ and $B\to Kl^+l^-$
Creators: name: Bartsch, M.
name: Beylich, M.
name: Buchalla, G.
name: Gao, D. -N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a combined analysis of $B\to Kν\barν$ and $B\to Kl^+l^-$ allows for new physics tests practically free of form factor uncertainties. Residual theory errors are at the level of several percent. Our study underlines the excellent motivation for measuring these modes at a Super Flavour Factory.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures