Rhinotora fonsecai Lopes
Creators: name: Calhau, Julia
name: Coelho, Lívia Aguiar
name: Kawada, Ricardo
name: Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira
name: Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Heleomyzidae
Rhinotora
Rhinotora fonsecai

description: Rhinotora fonsecai Lopes
(Figs 2A–B, 10)
Rhinotora fonsecai Lopes, 1934: 517. Holotype ♀, MNRJ. Type-locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Capital, Cantareira. Ref.— Lopes 1935: 22, fig. 8, pl. 1, fig. 2 (scutellum, wing).
Neorhinotora fonsecai: Ref. — Papavero 1967: 2; Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2008: 1936, figs 1c (wing), 5a (female terminalia), 6a (egg).
Diagnosis. Rhinotora fonsecai is the only Rhinotora species with lobed, instead of spiniform, protuberances on scutellum. This species shares with some specimens of R. travassosi and also with Rhinotoroides the presence of branched supernumerary crossveins on r1. Likewise R. pluricellata, R. salesopolitana, R. spiloptera, and many exemplars of R. lopesi, this species has one simple supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3. As in most Rhinotora species, the anterior orbital seta is present.
Redescription. Head (Fig. 1 A). Mostly yellow, silvery to golden pruinose. Anterior reclinate orbital seta short, piliform. Mouthparts brown, clypeus and palpus yellowish. Thorax (Fig. 1 A). Scutum reddish brown with yellowish regions. Scutellum trapezoidal, with lateral and apical roundish protuberances; base of apical seta prolonged posteriorly. Scutellum mostly reddish brown, yellow at the base of apical seta; silvery pruinose, shiny at the base of apical setae. Wing. Medial vein ratio: 0.46. Veins yellow to brown; C mostly yellow, dark brown on distal two thirds of cell c. Membrane brownish, with many hyaline spots. Cell r1 with three branched and two simple supernumerary crossveins. Cell r2+3 with one simple supernumerary crossvein arising from the middle of R2+3, sometimes another one arising from the apical third of R2+3. Legs. Distal third of mid femur with two rows of short strong ventral setae. Distal third of hind femur with anteroventral and posteroventral rows of strong short setae. Mid tibia with one distinct ventroapical seta. Abdomen. Tergites brown, sternites yellowish brown; brown setulose. Female terminalia. Sternite 8 bilobed, with two rows of setulae; two spherical spermathecae (Almeida & Ale-Rocha 2008).
Distribution (Fig. 10). Brazil (São Paulo).
Examined type material (seen in 2004). HOLOTYPE ♀ [wing mounted on slide]. “Instituto Biológico/ Rhinotora / fonsecai Lopes / Aza do holotypo/ Cantareira/ S. Paulo/ F. Fonseca col.”. PARATYPE ♀. “ Typus ” [red label]; “Serra Cantareira/ H. Florestal S. Paulo/ F. Fonseca 18-7-934”; “ Rhinotora fonsecai Lopes / H. S. Lopesdet 9-934”.
Remarks. Rhinotora fonsecai was transferred to Neorhinotora Lopes, 1934, by Papavero (1967) based on the lack of spines on scutellum. In the last review of Neorhinotora species, however, Almeida & Ale-Rocha (2008) argued that the lobed protuberances found in the scutellum of R. fonsecai (two lateral and one apical) are in a similar position to the spiniform protuberances of the scutellum of Rhinotora, suggesting homology between those structures. The authors, despite not having transferred R. fonsecai back to Rhinotora, also stated many features that separate this species from the remaining Neorhinotora, namely head relatively wider, compound eye more obliquely disposed, clypeus not as well developed, pruinescence finer, scutellum not excavated, female sternite 8 with two rows of setulae instead of one and egg with widespread chorionic reticulation. Considering all these aspects, R. fonsecai is here transferred back to its original genus.
description: Published as part of Calhau, Julia, Coelho, Lívia Aguiar, Kawada, Ricardo, Lima, Felipe Varussa De Oliveira & Guillermo-Ferreira, Rhainer, 2016, Review of Rhinotora (Diptera, Heleomyzidae) with description of a new species and key to all known heleomyzid species from Brazil, pp. 513-533 in Zootaxa 4138 (3) on pages 518-519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4138.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/259175