cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Principled Framework to Assess the Information-Theoretic Fitness of Brain Functional Sub-Circuits
Creators: name: Bao, Jingxuan
name: Xu, Frederick H.
name: Garai, Sumita
name: Duong-Tran, Duy
name: Zhao, Yize
name: Nguyen, Nghi
name: Shen, Li
name: Mu, Shizhuo
name: Goñi, Joaquín
name: Chen, Tianlong
name: Chen, Jiong
name: Cadena-Pico, Jose
name: Kaplan, Alan David
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2024

description: In systems and network neuroscience, many common practices in brain connectomic analysis are often not properly scrutinized. One such practice is mapping a predetermined set of sub-circuits, like functional networks (FNs), onto subjects’ functional connectomes (FCs) without adequately assessing the information-theoretic appropriateness of the partition. Another practice that goes unchallenged is thresholding weighted FCs to remove spurious connections without justifying the chosen threshold. This paper leverages recent theoretical advances in Stochastic Block Models (SBMs) to formally define and quantify the information-theoretic fitness (e.g., prominence) of a predetermined set of FNs when mapped to individual FCs under different fMRI task conditions. Our framework allows for evaluating any combination of FC granularity, FN partition, and thresholding strategy, thereby optimizing these choices to preserve the important topological features of the human brain connectomes. By applying to the Human Connectome Project with Schaefer parcellations at multiple levels of granularity, the framework showed that the common thresholding value of 0.25 was indeed information-theoretically valid for group-average FCs, despite its previous lack of justification. Our results pave the way for the proper use of FNs and thresholding methods, and provide insights for future research in individualized parcellations.
Interpretable machine learning for high-dimensional trajectories of aging health
Creators: name: Farrell, Spencer
name: Mitnitski, Arnold
name: Rockwood, Kenneth
name: Rutenberg, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We have built a computational model for individual aging trajectories of health and survival, which contains physical, functional, and biological variables, and is conditioned on demographic, lifestyle, and medical background information. We combine techniques of modern machine learning with an interpretable interaction network, where health variables are coupled by explicit pair-wise interactions within a stochastic dynamical system. Our dynamic joint interpretable network (DJIN) model is scalable to large longitudinal data sets, is predictive of individual high-dimensional health trajectories and survival from baseline health states, and infers an interpretable network of directed interactions between the health variables. The network identifies plausible physiological connections between health variables as well as clusters of strongly connected health variables. We use English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) data to train our model and show that it performs better than multiple dedicated linear models for health outcomes and survival. We compare our model with flexible lower-dimensional latent-space models to explore the dimensionality required to accurately model aging health outcomes. Our DJIN model can be used to generate synthetic individuals that age realistically, to impute missing data, and to simulate future aging outcomes given arbitrary initial health states.
Alonzo Woodhull, Blacksmith, July 1968
Creators: name: Dwyer, Norval
name: Springs Historical Society/Library
Publisher: name: Long Island Forum
Year: 1968
Subjects: Springs
East Hampton
Newspapers
Forums
Woodhull Family
Blacksmiths
Blacksmithing

description: This article, "Alonzo Woodhull, Blacksmith" was written by Norval Dwyer for the Long Island Forum in July 1968.
description: This material was lent to the Long Island Collection by the Springs Historical Society Library for digitization purposes.
Fodder trees for micronutrient supply in grassbased dairy systems - Drzewa pastewne dostarczają mikroskładników na zadrzewionych pastwiskach
Creators: name: Luske, B.
name: Altinalma-Zis Kondylis, A.
name: Roelen, S.
name: Borek, R.
name: Wojdat, A.
name: Jędrejek, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: fodder trees
dairy cattle
willow
alder
drzewa pastewne
bydło mleczne
wierzba
olsza

description: Aby sprostać wymogom Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej w zakresie gospodarki niskoemisyjnej i odpornej na zmiany klimatu, konieczny jest rozwój zrównoważonych systemów produkcji rolnej przez ograniczanie zależności od zewnętrznych środków produkcji i pasz oraz akumulację węgla w glebach gospodarstwa.
Obecnie holenderskie gospodarstwa mleczne zazwyczaj żywią bydło łącząc wiosenny i letni wypas oraz stosowanie importowanej kiszonki z kukurydzy i/lub koncentratów. Wprowadzenie drzew o charakterze pastewnym do gospodarstw
mleczarskich może być dobrą alternatywą dla kiszonki kukurydzianej i koncentratów kiszonkowych oraz sposobem na uzupełnienie zapotrzebowania krów na makro- i mikroelementy.
W niniejszej ulotce, skoncentrowano się na selenie, ponieważ w diecie przeżuwaczy wypasanych w Holandii stwierdzono jego deficyt.
Cascading Quivers from Decaying D-branes
Creators: name: Evslin, Jarah
name: Krishnan, Chethan
name: Kuperstein, Stanislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use an argument analogous to that of Kachru, Pearson and Verlinde to argue that cascades in L^{a,b,c} quiver gauge theories always preserve the form of the quiver, and that all gauge groups drop at each step by the number M of fractional branes. In particular, we demonstrate that an NS5-brane that sweeps out the S^3 of the base of L^{a,b,c} destroys M D3-branes.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure; v2: references added
Associations of e-cigarette advertising exposure with curiosity and susceptibility among U.S. adolescents: National Youth Tobacco Surveys, 2014-2020
Creators: name: Noar S.M
name: Ma H
name: Ribisl K.M
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2024

description: Introduction Despite an evolving e-cigarette environment, few studies have looked at adolescent exposure to e-cigarette advertising over time and its associations with curiosity about and susceptibility to using e-cigarettes. We examined e-cigarette advertising exposure and its associations with curiosity and susceptibility across multiple years among adolescents who have never used e-cigarettes. Methods We obtained data from the National Youth Tobacco Surveys (NYTSs), 2014-2020 (N = 97,496). The NYTS identified e-cigarette advertising exposure from four channels: Internet, newspapers and magazines, convenience stores, and TV. Logistic regressions explored ecigarette advertising exposure over time and the associations between exposure from the four channels and both curiosity and susceptibility to using e-cigarettes. Results Youth exposure to e-cigarette advertising on the Internet and in convenience stores formed an increase-decrease-increase pattern from 2014 to 2020, whereas exposure in newspapers and magazines and on TV generally decreased over this period. Exposure on the Internet and in convenience stores was consistently associated with curiosity and susceptibility; but exposure in newspapers and magazines and on TV was sporadically associated with the outcomes. Conclusions Despite a changing e-cigarette marketplace, youth were consistently exposed to e-cigarette advertising, especially on the Internet and in convenience stores. This pattern is worrisome, as it may increase youth curiosity and susceptibility to using e-cigarettes. Comprehensive tobacco prevention efforts to prevent e-cigarette use in adolescents should continue to restrict e-cigarette advertising and marketing, thereby reducing exposure and discouraging e-cigarette use. Regular efforts should also be made to educate adolescents about the risks of using e-cigarettes to counteract the impact of high e-cigarette advertising exposure.
Homodyne detection of a two-photon resonance assisted by cooperative emission
Creators: name: Madasu, Chetan Sriram
name: Kwong, Chang Chi
name: Wilkowski, David
name: Pandey, Kanhaiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focusing on the transient regime, we explore atomic two-photon spectroscopy with self-aligned homodyne interferometry in a $Λ$-system with large optical depth. The two light sources at the origin of the interference are the single-photon transient transmission of the probe, and the slow light of the electromagnetically induced transparency. By switching off the probe laser abruptly (flash effect), the transient transmission signal is reinforced by cooperativity, showing enhanced sensitivity to the two-photon frequency detuning. If the probe laser is periodically switched on and off, the amplitude of the transmission signal varies and remains large even for high modulation frequency. This technique has potential applications in sensing, such as magnetometry and velocimetry, and in coherent population trapping clocks.
description: 7 figures and 9 pages including an appendix and references
Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection
Creators: name: Blennow K
name: Zetterberg H
name: Hu Z
name: Joseph S.B
name: Zhou S
name: Kincer L
name: Hagberg L
name: Cinque P
name: Fuchs D
name: Price R.W
name: Yilmaz A
name: Dravid A
name: Spudich S.S
name: Gostner J
name: Gisslén M
name: Swanstrom R
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2024

description: Using the Olink Explore 1536 platform, we measured 1,463 unique proteins in 303 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from four clinical centers contributed by uninfected controls and 12 groups of people living with HIV-1 infection representing the spectrum of progressive untreated and treated chronic infection. We present three initial analyses of these measurements: an overview of the CSF protein features of the sample; correlations of the CSF proteins with CSF HIV-1 RNA and neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) concentrations; and comparison of CSF proteins in HIV-associated dementia (HAD) and neurosymptomatic CSF escape (NSE). These reveal a complex but coherent picture of CSF protein changes with highest concentrations of many proteins during CNS injury in the HAD and NSE groups and variable protein changes across the course of systemic HIV-1 progression that included two common patterns, designated as lymphoid and myeloid patterns, related to principal involvement of their underlying inflammatory cell lineages. Antiretroviral therapy reduced CSF protein perturbations, though not always to control levels. The dataset of these CSF protein measurements, along with background clinical information, is posted online. Extended studies of this unique dataset will supplement this report to provide more detailed characterization of the dynamic impact of HIV-1 infection on the CSF proteome across the spectrum of HIV-1 infection, advancing the mechanistic understanding of HIV-1-related CNS pathobiology.
Effects of Nuclear Equation of State on Type-I X-ray Bursts: Interpretation of the X-ray Bursts from GS 1826-24
Creators: name: Dohi, A.
name: Nishimura, N.
name: Hashimoto, M.
name: Matsuo, Y.
name: Noda, T.
name: Nagataki, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type I X-ray bursts are thermonuclear explosions on the neutron star (NS) surface caused by mass accretion from a companion star. Observations of X-ray bursts provide valuable information on X-ray binary systems, e.g., binary parameters, the chemical composition of accreted matter, and the nuclear equation of state (EOS) of NSs. There have been several theoretical studies to constrain the physics of X-ray bursters. However, they have mainly focused on the burning layers above the solid crust of the NS, which brings up issues of the treatment of NS gravitation and internal energy. In this study, focusing on the microphysics inside NSs, we calculate a series of X-ray bursts using a general-relativistic stellar-evolution code with several NS EOSs. We compare the X-ray-burst models with the burst parameters of a clocked burster associated with GS 1826-24. We find a monotonic correlation between the NS radius and the light-curve profile. A larger radius shows a higher recurrence time and a large peak luminosity. In contrast, the dependence of light curves on the NS mass becomes more complicated, where the neutrino cooling suppresses the efficiency of nuclear ignition. We also constrain the EOS and mass of GS 1826-24, i.e., stiffer EOSs, corresponding to larger NS radii, are not preferred due to too-high peak luminosity. The EOS and the cooling and heating of NSs are important to discuss the theoretical and observational properties of X-ray bursts.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, updated to match published version (ApJ)
Mulberry (Morus spp.) for livestock feeding - Wykorzystanie morwy (Morus spp.) do skarmiania zwierząt gospodarskich
Creators: name: Mosquera Losada, M.
name: Fernandez-Lorenzo, J.L.
name: Rigueiro-Rodriguez, A.
name: Feirreiro-Dominguez, N.
name: Borek, R.
name: Wojdat, A.
name: Jędrejek, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: mulberry
feeding livestock
crop management
morwa
żywienie zwierząt
zarządzanie uprawą

description: Morwę wykorzystuje się jako paszę dla zwierząt gospodarskich w wielu krajach na całym świecie (np. w Indiach i Japonii). Liście morwy są znane z wysokiej zawartości białka (15-28%), dobrego profilu aminokwasowego (>46%), wysokiej strawności (>80%), wysokiej zawartości minerałów z zawartością popiołu do 25%, niskiej zawartości włókien (7,1-8,1%), oraz doskonałych walorów smakowych.
Wysoka wydajność biomasy w połączeniu z niską zawartością tanin sprawia, że morwa jest atrakcyjną paszą dla zwierząt hodowlanych. Ponadto pozwala uzupełnić letnie niedobory paszy na pastwiskach, które są powszechnym problemem
w wielu krajach śródziemnomorskich.
Trigonometric Series via Laplace Transforms
Creators: name: Efthimiou, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The author's method (math-ph/9804010) that uses the Laplace transform to find exact values for a large class of convergent series is extended to trigonometric series.
description: Version close to the published one
Crowd-sourced machine learning prediction of long COVID using data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative
Creators: name: N3C Consortium
name: Dai Z
name: Velingker N
name: Pfaff E
name: Chen G
name: Bhattacharya B
name: Wu Y
name: Li H
name: Blase J.
name: Delong G
name: Naik M
name: Long Q
name: Li Z
name: van der Laan M
name: Pirracchio R
name: Zhao Z
name: Huang J
name: Ji Y
name: Munia T
name: Stein A
name: Tariq A
name: Getzen E.
name: Gao J
name: Shi S
name: Mowery D
name: Colford Jr., J.M
name: Loomba J
name: Mertens A
name: Coyle J
name: Parekh R
name: Long COVID Computational Challenge Participants
name: Bergquist T
name: Holmes J
name: Zhu Y
name: Xia F
name: Hubbard A
name: Butzin-Dozier Z
name: Philips R.V
name: Hightower J.
name: Shetty G
name: Wong E
name: Mitchell E
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2024

description: Background: While many patients seem to recover from SARS-CoV-2 infections, many patients report experiencing SARS-CoV-2 symptoms for weeks or months after their acute COVID-19 ends, even developing new symptoms weeks after infection. These long-term effects are called post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or, more commonly, Long COVID. The overall prevalence of Long COVID is currently unknown, and tools are needed to help identify patients at risk for developing long COVID. Methods: A working group of the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-radical (RADx-rad) program, comprised of individuals from various NIH institutes and centers, in collaboration with REsearching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) developed and organized the Long COVID Computational Challenge (L3C), a community challenge aimed at incentivizing the broader scientific community to develop interpretable and accurate methods for identifying patients at risk of developing Long COVID. From August 2022 to December 2022, participants developed Long COVID risk prediction algorithms using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data enclave, a harmonized data repository from over 75 healthcare institutions from across the United States (U.S.). Findings: Over the course of the challenge, 74 teams designed and built 35 Long COVID prediction models using the N3C data enclave. The top 10 teams all scored above a 0.80 Area Under the Receiver Operator Curve (AUROC) with the highest scoring model achieving a mean AUROC of 0.895. Included in the top submission was a visualization dashboard that built timelines for each patient, updating the risk of a patient developing Long COVID in response to clinical events. Interpretation: As a result of L3C, federal reviewers identified multiple machine learning models that can be used to identify patients at risk for developing Long COVID. Many of the teams used approaches in their submissions which can be applied to future clinical prediction questions.
The control of non-localized externalities with asymmetric information
Creators: name: Van Egteren, Henry John Bernard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis presents a model in which there is a single agent and two principals. The agent is a monopoly firm, while the two principals are regulators who may cooperate when selecting their optimal policies or act as rivals. The specific regulatory problem in which all are involved is the control of acid rain. An environmental regulator chooses a design standard and a public utility regulator chooses a two-part pricing scheme. These choices are made within an environment of limited and asymmetric information. Specifically, we assume the firm knows more about its fixed abatement costs than does either regulator. The firm is able to act strategically when revealing this information. Within the context of this regulation problem, we characterize the equilibrium solutions when the regulators cooperate and when they act as rivals. The non-cooperative game endows the environmental regulator with the status of leader. We also give characterizations for two different kinds of rivalry, extreme rivalry and mild rivalry. In addition, this thesis presents some different results on the bunching properties of these models.
Additional file 1 of Very high HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with NSTEMI (non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) undergoing PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention)
Creators: name: Chen, Lijuan
name: Zhao, Yuanyuan
name: Wang, Zheng
name: Wang, Yifei
name: Bo, Xiangwei
name: Jiang, Xiaoxi
name: Hao, Chunshu
name: Ju, Chengwei
name: Qu, Yangyang
name: Dong, Hongjian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology

description: Additional File Table1: Baseline characteristics of different levels of HDL-C in patients with NSTEMI.
Chlamydia heat shock transcriptional regulatory network
Creators: name: Huang, Yehong
name: Wurihan, Wurihan
name: Wu, Xiang
name: Fan, Huizhou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60501 Bacteriology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: 60405 Gene Expression (incl. Microarray and other genome-wide approaches)

description: C. trachomatis heat shock transcriptional regulatory network.
Intrinsic torques emerging from anomalous velocity in magnetic textures
Creators: name: Araki, Yasufumi
name: Ieda, Jun'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Momentum-space topology of electrons under strong spin-orbit coupling contributes to the electrically induced torques exerting on magnetic textures insensitively to disorder or thermal fluctuation. We present a direct connection between band topology and the torques by classifying the whole torques phenomenologically. As well as the intrinsic anomalous Hall effect, the torques also emerge intrinsically from the anomalous velocity of electrons regardless of a nonequilibrium transport current. We especially point out the intrinsic contribution arising exclusively in magnetic textures, which we call the "topological Hall torque (THT)." The THT emerges in bulk crystals without any interface or surface structures. We numerically demonstrate the enhancement of the THT in comparison with the conventional spin-transfer torque in the bulk metallic ferromagnet, which accounts for the giant current-induced torque measured in ferromagnetic SrRuO3.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table + 3 pages of supplemental material; resubmitted version
Mild Reductive Cleavage of α-Aminoethers
Creators: name: Lee, D. U.
name: Wiegrebe, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: l,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methylisoquinoline (1) is converted by ethyl chloroformate (ECF)/NaBH3CN to 2-[ß-(N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methyl)aminoethyl]-4,5-dimethoxytoluene (4) via the quaternary urethane 2, The same procedure leads from laudanosine (5) to the dibenzyl derivative 9. The reaction with ECF/NaBH3CN followed by LiAlH4 reduction is a versatile approach to Emde degradation products avoiding strongly basic conditions and elevated temperature. Cleavage reactions of other α-amino ethers, e.g. thebaine (18), and N-demethylation reactions of the tetrahydroisoquinolines 1 and 10 with ECF are reported. l,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methylisochinolin (1) wird mit Chlorameisensäureethylester (ECF)/NaBH3CN über das quartäre Urethan 2 zum 2-[(ß-N-Ethoxycarbonyl-N-methyl)-aminoethyl]- 4,5-dimethoxytoluol (4) umgesetzt. - Dieses Verfahren führt von Laudanosin (5) zum Dibenzyl-Derivat 9. - Die ECF/NaBH3CN-Reaktion, kombiniert mit der LiAlH4-Reduktion der tert. Urethane, ist eine Alternative zum Emde-Abbau und vermeidet stark basische Bedingungen und erhöhte Temp. Die Spaltung weiterer α-Aminoether, u.a. Thebain (18), und N-Demethylierungen der Tetrahydroisochinoline 1 und 10 werden beschrieben.
New results on the Roper resonance and the P_{11} partial wave
Creators: name: Sarantsev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of the Roper resonance, the first scalar excitation of the nucleon, are determined. Pole positions and residues of the $P_{11}$ partial wave are studied in a combined analysis of pion- and photo-induced reactions. We find the Roper pole at $\{(1371\pm7)-i(92\pm10)\}$ MeV and an elasticity of $0.61\pm 0.03$. The largest decay coupling is found for the $Nσ$ ($σ=(ππ)$-$S$-wave). The analysis is based on new data on $γp\to pπ^0π^0$ for photons in the energy range from the two-pion threshold to 820 MeV from TAPS at Mainz and from 0.4 to 1.3 GeV from Crystal Barrel at Bonn and includes further data from other experiments. The partial wave analysis excludes the possibility that the Roper resonance is split into two states with different partial decay widths.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Development of new real-time PCR assays for detection and species differentiation of Plasmodium ovale
Creators: name: Potlapalli V.R
name: Kashamuka M.M
name: Kalonji A
name: He W
name: Sendor R
name: Ngasala B
name: Thwai K.L
name: Juliano J.J
name: Lin J.T
name: Tshefu A.K
name: Parr J.B
name: Phanzu F
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2024

description: BACKGROUND: The parasite species Plasmodium ovalecurtisi (P. ovalecurtisi) and Plasmodium ovalewallikeri (P. ovalewallikeri), formerly known as Plasmodium ovale, are endemic across multiple African countries. These species are thought to differ in clinical symptomatology and latency, but only a small number of existing diagnostic assays can detect and distinguish them. In this study, we sought to develop new assays for the detection and differentiation of P. ovalecurtisi and P. ovalewallikeri by leveraging recently published whole-genome sequences for both species. METHODS: Repetitive sequence motifs were identified in available P. ovalecurtisi and P. ovalewallikeri genomes and used for assay development and validation. We evaluated the analytical sensitivity of the best-performing singleplex and duplex assays using synthetic plasmids. We then evaluated the specificity of the duplex assay using a panel of samples from Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and validated its performance using 55 P. ovale samples and 40 non-ovale Plasmodium samples from the DRC. RESULTS: The best-performing P. ovalecurtisi and P. ovalewallikeri targets had 9 and 8 copies within the reference genomes, respectively. The P. ovalecurtisi assay had high sensitivity with a 95% confidence lower limit of detection (LOD) of 3.6 parasite genome equivalents/μl, while the P. ovalewallikeri assay had a 95% confidence LOD of 25.9 parasite genome equivalents/μl. A duplex assay targeting both species had 100% specificity and 95% confidence LOD of 4.2 and 41.2 parasite genome equivalents/μl for P. ovalecurtisi and P. ovalewallikeri, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We identified promising multi-copy targets for molecular detection and differentiation of P. ovalecurtisi and P. ovalewallikeri and used them to develop real-time PCR assays. The best performing P. ovalecurtisi assay performed well in singleplex and duplex formats, while the P. ovalewallikeri assay did not reliably detect low-density infections in either format. These assays have potential use for high-throughput identification of P. ovalecurtisi, or for identification of higher density P. ovalecurtisi or P. ovalewallikeri infections that are amenable to downstream next-generation sequencing.
A Simple Optical Analysis of Gravitational Lensing
Creators: name: Ye, Xing-Hao
name: Lin, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed the influence of static gravitational field on the vacuum and proposed the concept of inhomogeneous vacuum. According to the corresponding Fermat's principle in the general relativity, we derived a graded refractive index of vacuum in a static gravitational field. We found that the light deflection in a gravitational field can be calculated correctly with the use of this refractive index and therefore the gravitational lensing can be treated conveniently with the optical method. For illustration, we simulated the imaging of gravitational lensing, figured out the time delay between the two images and calculated the lens mass in a conventional optical way.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Differing Transcriptomic Responses in High Titer versus Low Titer Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes after Oral Infection with Sindbis Virus
Creators: name: Santos, Scott R.
name: Clem, Rollie J.
name: Hodoameda, Peter
name: Ditter, Robert E.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2024

description: Oral infection of mosquitoes by arboviruses often results in a large degree of variation in the amount of infectious virus between individual mosquitoes, even when the mosquitoes are from inbred laboratory strains. This variability in arbovirus load has been shown to affect virus transmissibility. Previously, our group described population genetic and specific infectivity differences between the virus populations found in high and low titer Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that had been orally infected with Sindbis virus (SINV). In this study, we sought to investigate whether there were also differences in transcriptomic response between these high and low titer mosquitoes. Results from the transcriptomic data analysis showed that more genes involved in antiviral activity, endopeptidase activity, and methyltransferase activity were upregulated in low titer mosquitoes than in high titer mosquitoes, relative to blood-fed controls. Meanwhile, genes involved in ion transport, energy metabolism, acetylation, glycosylation, lipid metabolism, and transport tended to be upregulated in high titer mosquitoes more than in low titer mosquitoes, relative to blood-fed mosquitoes. Overall, genes involved in antiviral activities tended to be upregulated in low titer mosquitoes while genes involved in proviral activities were mostly upregulated in high titer mosquitoes. This study has identified a number of candidate mosquito genes that are putatively associated with SINV titer variability after oral infection of Ae. aegypti, and these can now be investigated in order to ascertain their roles in virus replication and their contributions to determining vector competence.
Effects of Technique Asymmetry on 500 m Speed Skating Performance
Creators: name: Liu, Hui
name: Yu, Bing
name: Zhang, Masen
name: Liu, Zimeng
name: Ding, Meilin
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2024

description: This study aimed to determine the effects of technique asymmetry on 500 m straight-track speed skating performance. We analyzed 20 elite skaters, measuring their joint angles, center of mass shift, and times and speeds during the gliding and push-off phases. The technique asymmetry index (ASI) was calculated for each parameter, and paired t-tests were used to compare bilateral asymmetry. Spearman correlation coefficients assessed the relationship between the ASI and both the average straight track speed and overall performance. Significant bilateral asymmetries in the knee, push-off, trunk, and hip angles were found in both male and female participants (p < 0.05). The male participants demonstrated a higher right push-off speed (p = 0.029) and a longer left gliding time (p = 0.048). Significant asymmetry was also observed in the lateral shift of the center of mass during each phase of the straight-track skating gait cycle (p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between the ASIs and the overall performance (p ≥ 0.067). These findings indicate that while elite speed skaters demonstrated significant bilateral technique asymmetry in straight track skating, these asymmetries did not significantly impact their overall performance.
Enhanced 2D Hand Pose Estimation for Gloved Medical Applications: A Preliminary Model
Creators: name: Willoughby, Dominic
name: MacPherson, Ryan P.
name: Eckel, Stephen F.
name: Hubal, Robert
name: Kiefer, Adam W.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2024

description: (1) Background: As digital health technology evolves, the role of accurate medical-gloved hand tracking is becoming more important for the assessment and training of practitioners to reduce procedural errors in clinical settings. (2) Method: This study utilized computer vision for hand pose estimation to model skeletal hand movements during in situ aseptic drug compounding procedures. High-definition video cameras recorded hand movements while practitioners wore medical gloves of different colors. Hand poses were manually annotated, and machine learning models were developed and trained using the DeepLabCut interface via an 80/20 training/testing split. (3) Results: The developed model achieved an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.89 pixels across the training data set and 10.06 pixels across the test set. When excluding keypoints with a confidence value below 60%, the test set RMSE improved to 7.48 pixels, reflecting high accuracy in hand pose tracking. (4) Conclusions: The developed hand pose estimation model effectively tracks hand movements across both controlled and in situ drug compounding contexts, offering a first-of-its-kind medical glove hand tracking method. This model holds potential for enhancing clinical training and ensuring procedural safety, particularly in tasks requiring high precision such as drug compounding.
An iterative method to compute the sign function of a non-Hermitian matrix and its application to the overlap Dirac operator at nonzero chemical potential
Creators: name: Bloch, J.
name: Frommer, A.
name: Lang, B.
name: Wettig, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The overlap Dirac operator in lattice QCD requires the computation of the sign function of a matrix. While this matrix is usually Hermitian, it becomes non-Hermitian in the presence of a quark chemical potential. We show how the action of the sign function of a non-Hermitian matrix on an arbitrary vector can be computed efficiently on large lattices by an iterative method. A Krylov subspace approximation based on the Arnoldi algorithm is described for the evaluation of a generic matrix function. The efficiency of the method is spoiled when the matrix has eigenvalues close to a function discontinuity. This is cured by adding a small number of critical eigenvectors to the Krylov subspace, for which we propose two different deflation schemes. The ensuing modified Arnoldi method is then applied to the sign function, which has a discontinuity along the imaginary axis. The numerical results clearly show the improved efficiency of the method. Our modification is particularly effective when the action of the sign function of the same matrix has to be computed many times on different vectors, e.g., if the overlap Dirac operator is inverted using an iterative method.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures; minor changes, as published in Comput. Phys. Commun.
EDIpack: A parallel exact diagonalization package for quantum impurity problems
Creators: name: Amaricci, A.
name: Crippa, L.
name: Scazzola, A.
name: Petocchi, F.
name: Mazza, G.
name: de Medici, L.
name: Capone, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present EDIpack, an exact diagonalization package to solve generic quantum impurity problems. The algorithm includes a generalization of the look-up method introduced in [Lin, Gubernatis Comput. Phys., 7 (4) (1993), 400] and enables a massively parallel execution of the matrix-vector linear operations required by Lanczos and Arnoldi algorithms. We show that a suitable Fock basis organization is crucial to optimize the inter-processors communication in a distributed memory setup and to reach sub-linear scaling in sufficiently large systems. We discuss the algorithm in details indicating how to deal with multiple orbitals and electron-phonon coupling. Finally, we outline the download, installation and functioning of the package.
description: Published version. 32 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Determination of Optical Purity by Mass Spectrometry
Creators: name: Lee, D. U.
name: Mayer, K. K.
name: Wiegrebe, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: MS-Isotope Dilution Analysis (MS-IDA) with deuterated 2 as standard was used to determine the optical purity of crystalline (+)-2, obtained from optically pure (+)-l with ethyl chloroformate. Durch MS-Isotopenverdünnungsanalyse (MS-IDA) wurde die optische Reinheit von kristallinem (+)-2 bestimmt, das aus optisch reinem (+)-l durch Chlorameisensäureethylester entsteht. Deuteriertes 2 diente als Standard.
Stereospecific Synthesis of 2,3-Dimethoxynaphtho[1,2-b] indolizidine
Creators: name: Lee, G. S.
name: Cho, Y. S.
name: Shim, S. C.
name: Kim, W.-J.
name: Eibler, E.
name: Wiegrebe, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: (11aS)- and (11aR)-2,3-dimethoxy-naphtho[1,2-b]indolizidine (9a and 9b) were synthesized from optically pure L- and D-glutamic acid through several steps (scheme 1). All the intermediates of the route to the optical antipodes of 9 exhibit identical physical and spectral properties except the sign of the optical rotation values. The optical purity of the enantiomers of 6 was checked by 1H-NMR spectra using Eu(tfc)3, that of the enantiomers of 9 by HPLC-separation on a chiral column; the amount of racemization was less than 3% in 9a and 9b, respectively. Die (11aS)- und (11aR)-2,3-Dimethoxy-naphtho[1,2-b]indolizidine (9a) und (9b) wurden, ausgehend von optisch reiner L- bzw. D-Glutaminsäure, synthetisiert (Schema 1). Alle Zwischenprodukte auf dem Weg zu 9 zeigen identische physikalische und spektrale Eigenschaften mit Ausnahme des Drehsinns. Die optische Reinheit der 6-Enantiomere wurde durch 1H-NMRSpektroskopie mit Eu(tfc)3 bestimmt, die der 9-Enantiomere durch HPLCTrennung auf einer chiralen Säule: die Razemisierungsrate war in 9a und 9b <3%.
Ethosuximide-loaded bismuth ferrite nanoparticles as a potential drug delivery system for the treatment of epilepsy disease
Creators: name: Kanli Z
name: Ulag S
name: Guldorum Y
name: Narayan R.J
name: Aydin B
name: Gunduz O
name: Ilgar S
name: Bulut B
name: Ayran M
name: Gulhan R
name: Bedir T
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2024

description: Encapsulating antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including ethosuximide (Etho), into nanoparticles shows promise in treating epilepsy. Nanomedicine may be the most significant contributor to addressing this issue. It presents several advantages compared to traditional drug delivery methods and is currently a prominent area of focus in cancer research. Incorporating Etho into bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles within diverse controlled drug delivery systems is explored to enhance drug efficacy. This approach is primarily desired to aid in targeted drug delivery to the brain’s deepest regions while limiting transplacental permeability, reducing fetal exposure, and mitigating associated adverse effects. In this investigation, we explored Etho, an antiepileptic drug commonly employed for treating absence seizures, as the active ingredient in BFO nanoparticles at varying concentrations (10 and 15 mg). Characterization of the drug-containing BFO nanoparticles involved scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis. The thermal properties of the drug-containing BFO nanoparticles were evaluated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Cytotoxicity evaluations using the MTT assay were conducted on all nanoparticles, and human neuroblastoma cell line cultures (SH-SY5Y) were treated with each particle over multiple time intervals. Cell viability remained at 135% after 7 days when exposed to 15 mg of Etho in BFO nanoparticles. Additionally, in vitro drug release kinetics for Etho revealed sustained release lasting up to 5 hours with a drug concentration of 15 mg.
Model-Assisted Estimation Through Random Forests in Finite Population Sampling
Creators: name: Dagdoug, Mehdi
name: Goga, Camelia
name: Haziza, David
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In surveys, the interest lies in estimating finite population parameters such as population totals and means. In most surveys, some auxiliary information is available at the estimation stage. This information may be incorporated in the estimation procedures to increase their precision. In this article, we use random forests (RFs) to estimate the functional relationship between the survey variable and the auxiliary variables. In recent years, RFs have become attractive as National Statistical Offices have now access to a variety of data sources, potentially exhibiting a large number of observations on a large number of variables. We establish the theoretical properties of model-assisted procedures based on RFs and derive corresponding variance estimators. A model-calibration procedure for handling multiple survey variables is also discussed. The results of a simulation study suggest that the proposed point and estimation procedures perform well in terms of bias, efficiency and coverage of normal-based confidence intervals, in a wide variety of settings. Finally, we apply the proposed methods using data on radio audiences collected by Médiamétrie, a French audience company. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Synthesis of Meso- and Racemic 1, 3-Diamino-1, 3-diphenylpropanes
Creators: name: Lee, G. S.
name: Kammermeier, T.
name: Kaiser, A.
name: Eibler, E.
name: Wiegrebe, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: The Pt-complexes 2a, b are synthesized according to Scheme 2 including oximation of and 1,4-addition of H2N-OH to the chalcone 3 and separation of the diastereomers either as bis-acetamides 5 or - less favourable - at the diamine stage 6. Die Pt-Komplexe 2a, b wurden nach Schema 2 hergestellt, u.a. durch Oximierung und 1,4-Addition von H2N-OH an das Chalcon 3 und Trennung der Diastereomere entweder als Bis-Acetamide 5 oder - schwieriger - als Diamine 6.
Exercise, Neuroprotective Exerkines, and Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review
Creators: name: Mitchell, Alexandra K.
name: Church, Frank C.
name: Bliss, Rebecca R.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2024

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease in which treatment often includes an exercise regimen. Exercise is neuroprotective in animal models of PD, and, more recently, human clinical studies have verified exercise’s disease-modifying effect. Aerobic exercise and resistance training improve many of PD’s motor and non-motor symptoms, while neuromotor therapy and stretching/flexibility exercises positively contribute to the quality of life in people with PD. Therefore, understanding the role of exercise in managing this complex disorder is crucial. Exerkines are bioactive substances that are synthesized and released during exercise and have been implicated in several positive health outcomes, including neuroprotection. Exerkines protect neuronal cells in vitro and rodent PD models in vivo. Aerobic exercise and resistance training both increase exerkine levels in the blood, suggesting a role for exerkines in the neuroprotective theory. Many exerkines demonstrate the potential for protecting the brain against pathological missteps caused by PD. Every person (people) with Parkinson’s (PwP) needs a comprehensive exercise plan tailored to their unique needs and abilities. Here, we provide an exercise template to help PwP understand the importance of exercise for treating PD, describe barriers confronting many PwP in their attempt to exercise, provide suggestions for overcoming these barriers, and explore the role of exerkines in managing PD. In conclusion, exercise and exerkines together create a powerful neuroprotective system that should contribute to slowing the chronic progression of PD.
Formation of 1H-Aziridines from Chalcones and Hydroxylamine
Creators: name: Kammermeier, T.
name: Kaiser, A.
name: Lee, G. S.
name: Burgemeister, Thomas
name: Wiegrebe, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Highly substituted chalcones 1 do not react with two molecules of hydroxylamine affording dioximes 2 or hydroxyamino-oximes 3 as expected according to von Auwers' procedure1): only one molecule of hydroxylamine is consumed leading to trans-configurated 2-benzoyl-3-phenyl-1H-aziridines 4. Aus den hochsubstituierten Chalkonen 1 entstehen nicht die nach von Auwers1) zu erwartenden Dioxime 2 oder Hydroxyamino-oxime 3 unter Verbrauch von zwei Mol Hydroxylamin. Stattdessen wird nur ein Mol Hydroxylamin verbraucht, und es entstehen trans-konfigurierte 2-Benzoyl- 3-phenyl-1H-aziridine 4.
N* and Delta* decays into N pi0 pi0
Creators: name: Thoma, U.
name: Fuchs, M.
name: Anisovich, A. V.
name: Anton, G.
name: Bantes, R.
name: Bartholomy, O.
name: Beck, R.
name: Beloglazov, Yu.
name: Crede, V.
name: Ehmanns, A.
name: Ernst, J.
name: Fabry, I.
name: Flemming, H.
name: Foesel, A.
name: Funke, Chr.
name: Gothe, R.
name: Gridnev, A.
name: Gutz, E.
name: Hoeffgen, St.
name: Horn, I.
name: Hoessl, J.
name: Junkersfeld, J.
name: Kalinowsky, H.
name: Klein, F.
name: Klempt, E.
name: Koch, H.
name: Konrad, M.
name: Kopf, B.
name: Krusche, B.
name: Langheinrich, J.
name: Loehner, H.
name: Lopatin, I.
name: Lotz, J.
name: Matthaey, H.
name: Menze, D.
name: Nikonov, V. A.
name: Novinski, D.
name: Ostrick, M.
name: van Pee, H.
name: Sarantsev, A. V.
name: Schmidt, C.
name: Schmieden, H.
name: Schoch, B.
name: Suft, G.
name: Sumachev, V.
name: Szczepanek, T.
name: Walther, D.
name: Weinheimer, Chr.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decays of baryon resonances in the second and the third resonance region into N pi0 pi0 are studied by photoproduction of two neutral pions off protons. Partial decay widths of N* and Delta* resonances decaying into Delta(1232) pi, N(ππ)_{S}, N(1440)P_{11} pi, and N(1520)D_{13} pi are determined in a partial wave analysis of this data, and data from other reactions. Several partial decay widths were not known before. Interesting decay patterns are observed which are not even qualitatively reproduced by quark model calculations. In the second resonance region, decays into Delta(1232) pi dominate clearly. The N(ππ)_{S}-wave provides a significant contribution to the cross section, especially in the third resonance region. The P_{13}(1720) properties found here are at clear variance to PDG values.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, long author's list
Optimal Occulter Design for Finding Extrasolar Planets
Creators: name: Vanderbei, R. J.
name: Kasdin, N. J.
name: Cady, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One proposed method for finding terrestrial planets around nearby stars is to use two spacecraft--a telescope and a specially shaped occulter that is specifically designed to prevent all but a tiny fraction of the starlight from diffracting into the telescope. As the cost and observing cadence for such a mission will be driven largely by the separation between the two spacecraft, it is critically important to design an occulter that can meet the observing goals while flying as close to the telescope as possible. In this paper, we explore this tradeoff between separation and occulter diameter. More specifically, we present a method for designing the shape of the outer edge of an occulter that is as small as possible and gives a shadow that is deep enough and large enough for a 4m telescope to survey the habitable zones of many stars for Earth-like planets. In particular, we show that in order for a 4m telescope to detect in broadband visible light a planet 0.06 arcseconds from a star shining $10^{10}$ times brighter than the planet requires a specially-shaped occulter 50m in diameter positioned about $72,000$ km in front of the telescope.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 15 subfigures