cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rater Cognition in L2 Speaking Assessment: A Review of the Literature
Creators: name: Han, Qie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Second language acquisition--Ability testing
Cognition
Rhetoric

description: This literature review attempts to survey representative studies within the context of L2 speaking assessment that have contributed to the conceptualization of rater cognition. Two types of studies are looked at: 1) studies that examine how raters differ (and sometimes agree) in their cognitive processes and rating behaviors, in terms of their focus and feature attention, their approaches to scoring, and their treatment of the scoring criteria and non-criteria relevant aspects and features of the speaking performance; 2) studies that explore why raters differ, through the analysis of the interactions between several rater background factors (i.e., rater language background, rater experience and rater training) and their rating behaviors and decision-making processes. The two types of studies have improved our understanding of the nature and the causes of rater variability in their perception and evaluation of L2 speech. However, very few of those studies has drawn on existing theories of human information processing and research on strategy use, which can explain on a cognitive-processing (Purpura, 2014) level what goes on in raters’ mind during assessment. It is argued as a final conclusion that only based on established frameworks of human information processing and research on (meta)cognitive strategy use can rater cognition be explored with more depth and breadth.
Shapes and Probabilities of Galaxy Clusters II: Comparisons with observations
Creators: name: Yang, Abel
name: Saslaw, William C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify low redshift clusters and groups in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and estimate their kinetic and correlation potential energies. We compare the distribution of these energies to the predictions by Yang and Saslaw (2012) and in the process estimate a measure of an average 3-dimensional velocity and spatial anisotropy of a sample of clusters. We find that the inferred velocity anisotropy is correlated with the inferred spatial anisotropy. We also find that the general shape of the energy distribution agrees with theory over a wide range of scales from small groups to superclusters once the uncertainties and fluctuations in the estimated energies are included.
description: 18 Pages, 8 figures. Accepted by ApJ. Latest version incorporates the referee's suggestions and comments
Soil respiration under different N fertilization and irrigation regimes in Bengaluru, S-India
Creators: name: Sourav, Suman Kumar
name: Subbarayappa, Chickadibburahalli Thimmappa
name: Chowdappa, Hanumanthappa Dimba
name: Mudalagiriyappa
name: Vazhacharickal, Prem Jose
name: Mock, Andrea
name: Ingold, Mariko
name: Bürkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: CO₂ emission
subject: intensification
subject: linear mixed model
subject: seasonal soil respiration
subject: 500
subject: 570
subject: Indien
subject: Bangalore
subject: Physikochemische Bodeneigenschaft
subject: Bodenatmung
subject: Kohlendioxidemission
subject: Intensivierung
subject: Lineares Modell
subject: Gemischtes Modell

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant Number 279374797), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (Grant Number FOR2432)
Driving Solar Energy in New York City, Hong Kong & Freiburg
Creators: name: Cohen, Steven Alan
name: Martinez, Hayley
name: Schroder, Alix
name: Osborn, Hilary
name: Villegas, Catalina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Solar energy
Solar energy policy
Solar energy--Government policy
Renewable energy sources
Renewable energy sources--Government policy

description: The global demand for energy is predicted to increase by as much as 40% by 2030 (EIA, 2016). To meet future energy needs of the growing global population, the world needs to transition away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energy. Of the available renewable energy sources, solar power is one of the most promising options for the future, and has a key role to play in the ongoing transition to a sustainable economy. Solar energy use has grown substantially in recent years, both in the United States and globally. Bell Labs developed the first solar battery in 1954; and large-scale solar plants began to appear in the 1980s and 1990s, but it wasn’t until the early 2000s that solar technology gained significant popularity. Three factors made this possible: a) advances in solar technology, b) new financial models that made solar technology more affordable and c) strong government policies to support solar energy. This case study examines the growth of solar and renewable energy worldwide, and discusses general barriers to implementing solar. It will then examine policies that support and incentivize solar energy in three cities: New York City, Hong Kong and Freiburg, Germany. We describe the history and background on sustainability and energy policies in each city, examine the major local barriers to solar, and the drivers of renewable energy policy in each place.
Algebra in superextensions of inverse semigroups
Creators: name: Banakh, Taras
name: Gavrylkiv, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M10, 20M14, 20M17, 20M18, 54B20

description: We find necessary and sufficient conditions on an (inverse) semigroup $X$ under which its semigroups of maximal linked systems $λ(X)$, filters $ϕ(X)$, linked upfamilies $N_2(X)$, and upfamilies $\upsilon(X)$ are inverse.
description: 12 pages
title: Integrated analyses of coastal ecosystems addressing temporal trends in Baltic fish and zoobenthos
Creators: name: Olsson, Jens
name: Bergström, Lena
name: Gårdmark, Anna
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session G
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Understanding long term ecosystem changes and ecological regime shifts, identified as structural changes across multiple trophic levels over large geographical scales, is central in marine environmental and fisheries management. To date, regime shifts have been documented in several marine open ecosystems, including the Baltic Sea, where the most prominent regime shifts occurred in the late 1980s. Similar studies for coastal areas are, however, more rarely performed, in particular because of the difficulties in scaling up data from the structurally complex coastal areas to more general patterns. Still, common drivers of ecosystem change in coastal areas, such as climate, fishing pressure and eutrophication, may be anticipated. A crucial question for management is whether these common drivers act locally or regionally. This is particularly important for coastal areas as the coastal zone and open sea are often governed under different jurisdiction, and yet, the areas share the same water bodies and migration between them for e.g., fish species is common. In this study, we explore long term changes in coastal fish and zoobenthos assemblages from three coastal sites in Kattegatt, Baltic Proper and the Bothnian Sea. We address the occurrence of synchronous changes in community composition, and discuss the relationship of observed temporal changes to potential drivers in the open sea versus on a local scale
Peer Interaction: A Compromise or a Necessity?
Creators: name: Kang, Katherine I.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Second language acquisition
Language and education
Applied linguistics
Language and languages--Study and teaching--Social aspects
Classroom environment

description: In both research and practice, interaction with teachers or native speakers (NSs) has often been believed to play a facilitative role in second language (L2) development. However, as many learners in the classroom interact most frequently with other learners, there is a need to understand how peer interaction may differ from other types of interaction, such as learner-NS interaction, and how it may shape L2 development. Based on a review of studies on task-based peer interaction, this paper seeks to investigate its effect on L2 learning. The results indicate that peer interaction can benefit learners in various ways by creating opportunities to produce and modify output, receive feedback, and engage in collaborative dialogue. However, studies also found that having learners work together in itself does not automatically promote learning, and suggestions for creating more learning opportunities in peer interaction are discussed.
Optimization of Benzothiazole and Thiazole Hydrazones as Inhibitors of Schistosome BCL-2
Creators: name: Nguyen, William
name: Lee, Erinna
name: Evangelista, Marco
name: Lee, Mihwa
name: Harris, Tiffany J
name: Colman, Peter M
name: Smith, Nicholas
name: Williams, Luke B
name: Jarman, Kate E
name: Lowes, Kym N
name: Haeberli, Cécile
name: Keiser, Jennifer
name: Smith, Brian
name: Fairlie, Walter
name: Sleebs, Brad E
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3207
subject: Medical microbiology

description: Limited therapeutic options are available for the treatment of human schistosomiasis caused by the parasitic Schistosoma flatworm. The B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2)-regulated apoptotic cell death pathway in schistosomes was recently characterized and shown to share similarities with the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in humans. Here, we exploit structural differences in the human and schistosome BCL-2 (sBCL-2) pro-survival proteins toward a novel treatment strategy for schistosomiasis. The benzothiazole hydrazone scaffold previously employed to target human BCL-XL was repurposed as a starting point to target sBCL-2. We utilized X-ray structural data to inform optimization and then applied a scaffold-hop strategy to identify the 5-carboxamide thiazole hydrazone scaffold (43) with potent sBCL-2 activity (IC50 30 nM). Human BCL-XL potency (IC50 13 nM) was inadvertently preserved during the optimization process. The lead analogues from this study exhibit on-target activity in model fibroblast cell lines dependent on either sBCL-2 or human BCL-XL for survival. Further optimization of the thiazole hydrazone class is required to exhibit activity in schistosomes and enhance the potential of this strategy for treating schistosomiasis.
Marco legal y ético (cap. 3)
Creators: name: Nicolás Jiménez, Pilar
name: Moreno Muñoz, Miguel
name: Romeo Malanda, Sergio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: microarrays
subject: diagnóstico genético
subject: genoma humano
subject: bioética
subject: bioderecho
subject: 241007
subject: 7199
subject: 5699
subject: 710304

description: La introducción de nuevas herramientas de diagnóstico genético en los sistemas sanitarios representa un impacto en su organización y también en la articulación de garantías de los derechos de los pacientes. El Consejo de Europa ha publicado recientemente una recomendación al respecto que alude a las principales cuestiones implicadas (Recommendation CM/Rec(2010)11 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the impact of genetics on the organisation of health care services and training of health professionals). La utilización de microarrays de CGH es un ejemplo paradigmático en este sentido. Los microarrays de CGH se han utilizado para determinar pérdidas o ganancias en el número de copias (CNV, del inglés copy number variations) en pacientes con distintas patologías, con el objetivo de intentar determinar su efecto sobre las enfermedades cromosómicas, monogénicas o complejas, entre ellas el retraso mental, los síndromes polimalformativos, los trastornos del espectro autista o el cáncer. Este trabajo aporta elementos para la contextualización ético-legal de posibles aplicaciones de la tecnología de microarrays de CGH.
description: Dadas las características y el potencial de la nueva tecnología de microarrays de CGH (arrays-CGH) y microarrays de SNP (SNP arrays), se constituyó un Grupo de Trabajo para evaluar y consensuar la aplicación de estas herramientas genómicas en el diagnóstico prenatal y en el diagnóstico e investigación clínica en síndromes posnatales. El trabajo resultante se publicó en J. C. Gigudosa, P. Lapunzina (coords.) Consenso para la implementación de los Arrays [CGH y SNP-arrays] en la Genética Clínica. Madrid, Instituto Roche. ISBN: 978-84-15010-13-5 | https://www.institutoroche.es/revisiones/169
The density maximum of He4 at the lambda point modeled by the stochastic quantum hydrodynamic analogy
Creators: name: Chiarelli, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lambda point in liquid He4 is a well established phenomenon acknowledged as an example of Bose-Einstain condensation. This is generally accepted, but there are serious discrepancies between the theory and experimental results, namely the lower value of the transition temperature Tl and the negative value of dTl /dP. These discrepancies can be explained in term of the quantum stochastic hydrodynamic analogy (QSHA). The QSHA shows that at the He4I\textregisteredHe4II superfluid transition the quantum coherence length lc becomes of order of the distance up to which the wave function of a couple of He4 atoms extends itself. In this case, the He42 state is quantum and the quantum pseudo-potential brings a repulsive interaction that leads to the negative dTl /dP behavior. This fact overcomes the difficulty to explain the phenomenon by introducing a Hamiltonian inter-atomic repulsive potential that would obstacle the gas-liquid transition.
Becoming public : Jews in Baden and Hannover and their role in the German press, 1815-1848
Creators: name: Meola, David Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation proposes the necessity of using local German newspapers as a valuable source for evaluating German Jewish publicness during the Restoration (1815-30) and Vormärz (1830-48) eras. It focuses on both the quotidian and extraordinary uses of the local press to achieve Jewish objectives. The dissertation proposes a re-evaluation of Jürgen Habermas’ Öffentlichkeitstheorie (publicness theory) by seeking to further spatialize the public sphere through the lens of local newspapers in the German states during the Restoration and Vormärz. Integrating spatial theory with theoretical perspectives about the public sphere, this project argues that newspapers became both places and spaces of German Jewish publicness. They were places that became familiar through extensive use, and spaces that became locations of freedom for German Jews and thus helped to destabilize the status quo—including prior definitions of Jewishness and Judaism. These local and public places and spaces became as important for the process of Jewish emancipation as the internal German Jewish press. By concentrating their efforts on the local level, Jews in Baden and Hannover, when allowed to participate in local newspapers, played an important part in creating the narrative about their own lives, helped facilitate their own emancipation, and showed they were actually equal to other Germans despite their political inequality. This project also identifies numerous reasons for German Jewish uses of local newspapers, including personal, religious, economic, state-political, and national-political. Within these contributions by German Jews to the press in Baden and Hannover, a fair amount of conflict among German Jews was also observed. These conflicts can be divided into three distinct types: secular conflict, inter-confessional conflict (the public fight over emancipation), and inner-Jewish conflict (religious reform). Yet, it was through this conflict that German Jews were able to make claims not only to play a role in the local public spheres, but also to be included in society as citizens and as “Germans.”
Optimization of Benzothiazole and Thiazole Hydrazones as Inhibitors of Schistosome BCL-2
Creators: name: Nguyen, William
name: Erinna F Lee
name: Evangelista, Marco
name: Mihwa Lee
name: Harris, Tiffany J
name: Colman, Peter M
name: Smith, Nicholas
name: Williams, Luke B
name: Jarman, Kate E
name: Lowes, Kym N
name: Haeberli, Cécile
name: Keiser, Jennifer
name: Smith, Brian
name: Fairlie, Walter
name: Sleebs, Brad E
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Limited therapeutic options are available for the treatment of human schistosomiasis caused by the parasitic Schistosoma flatworm. The B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2)-regulated apoptotic cell death pathway in schistosomes was recently characterized and shown to share similarities with the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in humans. Here, we exploit structural differences in the human and schistosome BCL-2 (sBCL-2) pro-survival proteins toward a novel treatment strategy for schistosomiasis. The benzothiazole hydrazone scaffold previously employed to target human BCL-XL was repurposed as a starting point to target sBCL-2. We utilized X-ray structural data to inform optimization and then applied a scaffold-hop strategy to identify the 5-carboxamide thiazole hydrazone scaffold (43) with potent sBCL-2 activity (IC50 30 nM). Human BCL-XL potency (IC50 13 nM) was inadvertently preserved during the optimization process. The lead analogues from this study exhibit on-target activity in model fibroblast cell lines dependent on either sBCL-2 or human BCL-XL for survival. Further optimization of the thiazole hydrazone class is required to exhibit activity in schistosomes and enhance the potential of this strategy for treating schistosomiasis.
title: Zur Erinnerung an Prof. Ing. Hugo Studer, Zürich
title: 17. Mai 1865 - 5. März 1931
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Meyer-Zeller, Wilhelm
name: Meyer-Peter (Prof.)
Publisher: name: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]
Year: 1931
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Studer, Hugo
subject: Altstätten
subject: Sankt Gallen
subject: Zürich

description: Inhalt: Nekrolog ; Trauerrede, gehalten im Krematorium Zürich am 7. März 1931 von Herrn Pfarrer W. Meyer, Altnau ; Ansprache bei der Kremation von Prof. Hugo Studer, am 7. März 1931 von Herrn Prof. Meyer-Peter, Zürich ; 3 Nachrufe aus der Presse
Diversity, inclusion and collaboration: A critical open knowledge perspective
Creators: name: Montgomery, Lucy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: When universities need to address strategic issues, they increasingly demand data to support decisions. With equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) high on the agenda for universities and governments, at least in the Anglophone North, there is a growing amount of data available. This data tells a largely depressing story of limited progress. But there is more to this story than might first appear. Decisions about whether or not to collect data about EDI; and the terms that are used to describe the aspects of diversity considered relevant to a specific national or institutional context may have as much to tell us about the geographies of our EDI conversations as the data itself. Taking a critical perspective to the data available can help us to identify differing priorities and concerns in various contexts. This presentation draws on the very large data set that has been gathered as part of the Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative: tens of trillions of data points relating to research communication, open access, collaboration and diversity. Outside the Anglophone North ethnic diversity and minority inclusion as understood in the West is not always a priority, and although gender equity may be an intention, outcomes indicate great disparities in some countries. Similarly we can compare rhetoric on diversity and inclusion (for example in Annual reports) with actual performance, not just identifying a gap, but seeing how that gap is related to prestige and resources. Using our model of Open Knowledge Institutions, this talk will examine both what the available data tells us, and what it cannot tell us, and in turn, what that tells us.
Nonlocal memory effects in the dynamics of open quantum systems
Creators: name: Laine, Elsi-Mari
name: Breuer, Heinz-Peter
name: Piilo, Jyrki
name: Li, Chuan-Feng
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibility to generate nonlocal dynamical maps of an open quantum system through local system-environment interactions. Employing a generic decoherence process induced by a local interaction Hamiltonian, we show that initial correlations in a composite environment can lead to a nonlocal open system dynamics which exhibits strong memory effects although the local dynamics is Markovian. In a model of two entangled photons interacting with two dephasing environments we find a direct connection between the degree of memory effects and the amount of correlations in the initial environmental state. The results demonstrate that, contrary to conventional wisdom, enlarging an open system can change the dynamics from Markovian to non-Markovian.
description: V2: Added a more general physical model, corresponding changes in the figures and text. Final version
Spin-dependent thermoelectric transport through double quantum dots
Creators: name: Wang, Qiang
name: Xie, Haiqing
name: Jiao, Hujun
name: Li, Zhi-Jian
name: Nie, Yi-Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermoelectric transport through double quantum dots system with spin-dependent interdot coupling and ferromagnetic electrodes by means of the non-equilibrium Green function in the linear response regime. It is found that the thermoelectric coefficients are strongly dependent on the splitting of interdot coupling, the relative magnetic configurations and the spin polarization of leads. In particular, the thermoelectric efficiency can achieve considerable value in parallel configuration when the effective interdot coupling and tunnel coupling between QDs and the leads for spin-down electrons are small. Moreover, the thermoelectric efficiency increases with the intradot Coulomb interactions increasing and can reach very high value at an appropriate temperature. In the presence of the magnetic field, the spin accumulation in leads strongly suppresses the thermoelectric efficiency and a pure spin thermopower can be obtained.
description: 5 figures
title: Developments in the shallow coastal ecosystem of the Väike Strait (Baltic Sea): a comparative study with different modelling scenarios
Creators: name: Suursaar, Ülo
name: Aps, Robert
name: Kullas, Tiit
name: Martin, Georg
name: Otsmann, Mikk
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session G
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The Väike Strait in the West Estonian Archipelago has been closed by a 3 km-long road dam since 1896, forming two separate bays. Conditions in the northern part are mainly governed by the more saline Baltic Proper; in the S-part relatively nutrient-rich Gulf of Riga waters prevail. In recent decades, ecological conditions have been deteriorating in the area and acceleration of accumulation and eutrophication has been observed. Reproduction areas of whitefish and herring have been disturbed. According to widespread opinion, as no water exchange occurs through the strait, the existence of the dam is the reason for those adverse changes. Therefore, a question of constructing some bridged openings has risen several times in the past. The aims of the study are to analyse the ongoing changes in the area, and to decide whether re-opening of the strait may help to restore the past situation. The study is based on monitoring and special measurements data in the area. The possible influence of openings were analysed using high-resolution 2D hydrodynamic modelling. Changes in renewal times of water masses were calculated and matter fluxes were studied. The results suggested that most of the past changes have probably occurred due to natural and of larger scale causes, such as isostatic land uplift, regional increase in water temperature, sedimentation and overall eutrophication of the sea. They cannot be undone merely by re-opening the strait. On the other hand, anticipated manifestations of climate change, such as sea-level rise, increase in temperature and storminess, will increasingly affect the ecosystem.
Partnership for Preparedness: A Model of Academic Public Health
Creators: name: DiMaggio, Charles J.
name: Markenson, David
name: Henning, Kelly
name: Redlener, Irwin E.
name: Zimmerman, Regina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Public health
Academic medical centers
Preparedness

description: The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health's National Center for Disaster Preparedness undertook a collaborative project to establish a model academic health department. The goals were to increase student participation at the health department, increase faculty participation in health department activities, and facilitate health department faculty appointments at the school. As a result, 17 students were placed in full-time summer research projects designed by health department staff specifically for the project, 154 health department staff attended a series of six lectures presented by faculty, and five health department professionals applied for academic appointments at the school. The benefits of the efforts toward establishing an academic health department extend to all areas of public health practice, including those of preparedness.
Quantifying the Energetics and Length Scales of Carbon Segregation to Fe Symmetric Tilt Grain Boundaries Using Atomistic Simulations
Creators: name: Rhodes, N. R.
name: Tschopp, M. A.
name: Solanki, K. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Segregation of impurities to grain boundaries plays an important role in both the stability and macroscopic behavior of polycrystalline materials. The research objective in this work is to better characterize the energetics and length scales involved with the process of solute and impurity segregation to grain boundaries. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to calculate the segregation energies for carbon within multiple grain boundary sites over a database of 125 symmetric tilt grain boundaries in Fe. The simulation results show that the majority of atomic sites near the grain boundary have segregation energies lower than in the bulk. Moreover, depending on the boundary, the segregation energies approach the bulk value approximately 5-12 Å away from the center of the grain boundary, providing an energetic length scale for carbon segregation. A subsequent data reduction and statistical representation of this dataset provides critical information such as about the mean segregation energy and the associated energy distributions for carbon atoms as a function of distance from the grain boundary, which quantitatively informs higher scale models with energetics and length scales necessary for capturing the segregation behavior of impurities in Fe. The significance of this research is the development of a methodology capable of ascertaining segregation energies over a wide range of grain boundary character (typical of that observed in polycrystalline materials), which herein has been applied to carbon segregation in a specific class of grain boundaries in iron.
Dp-rank and forbidden configurations
Creators: name: Johnson, Hunter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 12L12, 03C45, 03C98

description: A theory $T$ is shown to have an ICT pattern of depth $k$ in variables $\xbar$ iff it interprets some $k$-maximum VC class in $|\xbar|$ parameters.
description: 14 pages. This is a revised and extended version of "A note on dp-rank"
Social interactions among epithelial cells during tracheal branching morphogenesis
Creators: name: Ghabrial, Amin S.
name: Krasnow, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Epithelial cells
Morphogenesis
Cell interaction
Cytology

description: Many organs are composed of tubular networks that arise by branching morphogenesis in which cells bud from an epithelium and organize into a tube. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and other signalling molecules have been shown to guide branch budding and outgrowth, but it is not known how epithelial cells coordinate their movements and morphogenesis. Here we use genetic mosaic analysis in Drosophila melanogaster to show that there are two functionally distinct classes of cells in budding tracheal branches: cells at the tip that respond directly to Branchless FGF and lead branch outgrowth, and trailing cells that receive a secondary signal to follow the lead cells and form a tube. These roles are not pre-specified; rather, there is competition between cells such that those with the highest FGF receptor activity take the lead positions, whereas those with less FGF receptor activity assume subsidiary positions and form the branch stalk. Competition appears to involve Notch-mediated lateral inhibition that prevents extra cells from assuming the lead. There may also be cooperation between budding cells, because in a mosaic epithelium, cells that cannot respond to the chemoattractant, or respond only poorly, allow other cells in the epithelium to move ahead of them.
title: Climate-Induced Synchronous Regime Shifts Alongenvironmental And Diversity Gradients In Baltic Sea Sub-Systems
Creators: name: Blenckner, T.
name: Diekmann, R.
name: Möllmann, C.
name: Gårdmark, A.
name: Casini, M.
name: Bergström, L.
name: Flinkman, J.
name: Müller-Karulis, B.
name: Lindegren, M.
name: Kornilovs, G.
name: Plikss, M.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session G
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Marine ecosystems are currently under strong atmospheric and anthropogenic pressure. Besides natural and human‐induced changes in climate, major anthropogenic drivers such as overfishing and eutrophication are significantly affecting ecosystem structure and function. Recently studies demonstrated the existence of ecosystem regime shifts which have been explained mainly as a result of multiple causes, e.g. climatic regime shifts, overexploitation or a combination of both. The occurrence of ecosystem regime shifts has important management implications as they can cause significant losses of ecological and economic resources. Also the Baltic Sea, the largest brackish water body in the world ocean, and its sub‐systems are strongly affected by atmospheric and anthropogenic drivers.
Consequences of Neutrino Lorentz Violation For Leptonic Meson Decays
Creators: name: Altschul, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the observation by OPERA of apparently superluminal neutrinos is correct, the Lagrangian for second-generation leptons must break Lorentz invariance. We calculate the effects of an energy-independent change in the neutrino speed on another observable, the charged pion decay rate. The rate decreases by an factor [1 - 3/(1 - (m_mu)^2 / (m_pi) ^ 2) (< v_(nu) > - 1)], where < v_(nu) > is the (directionally averaged) neutrino speed in the pion's rest frame. This provides a completely independent experimental observable that is sensitive to the same forms of Lorentz violation as a neutrino time of flight measurement.
description: 10 pages
Approaching Grammar Instruction with a Form-Meaning-Function Perspective
Creators: name: Finneran, Rosette Bambino
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Second language acquisition
Language and education
Grammar, Comparative and general
Applied linguistics

description: Why should second and foreign language teachers tune into instructed second language acquisition (ISLA)? There are many reasons, several of which have already been addressed in this forum. This paper examines one important benefit of keeping abreast of the field, namely, the opportunity for classroom instructors to extract pedagogical insights from ISLA research and apply them in a meaningful way to their teaching.
The mental health and behavioral consequences of terrorism
Creators: name: DiMaggio, Charles J.
name: Galea, Sandro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Public health

description: The behavioral consequences of terrorist incidents have received considerable recent attention, much of it driven by the 1995 Oklahoma City bombings and the attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States. In this chapter we will review the available evidence about the mental health and behavioral consequences of terrorism, consider methodological and research issues that challenge the field, and discuss the evidence for specific prevention and treatment efforts aimed at mitigating the mental health and behavioral consequences of terrorism.
Annotating the digital margins: A metaliteracy approach for online asynchronous class discussions and collaboration
Creators: name: Lachaîne, Catherine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: In-class discussions, essential to develop critical thinking skills, have been disrupted since the beginning of the pandemic. By using the online collaborative annotation tool Hypothesis in an asynchronous learning environment, we can redirect the discussions in assigned texts for students to have a conversation with each other, the professor, even the authors, and develop critical thinking skills. When also adopting a metaliteracy approach, it is an opportunity to support the production and sharing of knowledge in collaborative online communities. The session presents Hypothesis, explain how it was integrated into a graduate course, discusses opportunities and challenges, the pedagogical approach, and the overall results with students’ perspectives.
Smooth(er) Stellar Mass Maps in CANDELS: Constraints on the Longevity of Clumps in High-redshift Star-forming Galaxies
Creators: name: Wuyts, Stijn
name: Schreiber, Natascha M. Forster
name: Genzel, Reinhard
name: Guo, Yicheng
name: Barro, Guillermo
name: Bell, Eric F.
name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Faber, Sandra M.
name: Ferguson, Henry C.
name: Giavalisco, Mauro
name: Grogin, Norman A.
name: Hathi, Nimish P.
name: Huang, Kuang-Han
name: Kocevski, Dale D.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Koo, David C.
name: Lotz, Jennifer
name: Lutz, Dieter
name: McGrath, Elizabeth
name: Newman, Jeffrey A.
name: Rosario, David
name: Saintonge, Amelie
name: Tacconi, Linda J.
name: Weiner, Benjamin J.
name: van der Wel, Arjen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a detailed analysis of the resolved colors and stellar populations of a complete sample of 323 star-forming galaxies at 0.5 < z < 1.5, and 326 star-forming galaxies at 1.5 < z < 2.5 in the ERS and CANDELS-Deep region of GOODS-South. Galaxies were selected to be more massive than 10^10 Msun and have specific star formation rates above 1/t_H. We model the 7-band optical ACS + near-IR WFC3 spectral energy distributions of individual bins of pixels, accounting simultaneously for the galaxy-integrated photometric constraints available over a longer wavelength range. We analyze variations in rest-frame color, stellar surface mass density, age, and extinction as a function of galactocentric radius and local surface brightness/density, and measure structural parameters on luminosity and stellar mass maps. We find evidence for redder colors, older stellar ages, and increased dust extinction in the nuclei of galaxies. Big star-forming clumps seen in star formation tracers are less prominent or even invisible on the inferred stellar mass distributions. Off-center clumps contribute up to ~20% to the integrated SFR, but only 7% or less to the integrated mass of all massive star-forming galaxies at z ~ 1 and z ~ 2, with the fractional contributions being a decreasing function of wavelength used to select the clumps. The stellar mass profiles tend to have smaller sizes and M20 coefficients, and higher concentration and Gini coefficients than the light distribution. Our results are consistent with an inside-out disk growth scenario with brief (100 - 200 Myr) episodic local enhancements in star formation superposed on the underlying disk. Alternatively, the young ages of off-center clumps may signal inward clump migration, provided this happens efficiently on the order of an orbital timescale.
description: Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal, 27 pages, 1 table, 16 figures
Health of left-behind children in China: Evidence from mediation analysis
Creators: name: Lu, Yao
name: Yeung, Jean Wei-Jun
name: Liu, Jingming
name: Treiman, Donald J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Migration, Internal
Migration, Internal--Health aspects
Children of internal migrants
Children--Health and hygiene

description: Internal migration in China has resulted in large numbers of left-behind children. Despite growing attention to this population, existing research has not systematically addressed the mediating mechanisms linking parental migration to children’s health. The present study examines the influences of migration on the health of left-behind children in China and the mediating channels, using data from a new nationally representative survey. We compare three groups of rural children ages 3-15 (N=2,473): those who were left behind by both parents, those who were left behind by one parent, and those living with both non-migrant parents. Results show that the health of rural children left behind by both parents (but not by one parent) is worse than the health of children living with both parents. The health disadvantage of these children is mediated by their caregivers’ poor health status and caregiving practices. These mediating factors not only have a direct impact on child health but also exert an indirect impact by shaping children’s nutritional intake. Contrary to conventional wisdom, monetary remittances are not a significant mechanism linking migration to child health.
Second Language Reading and Instruction
Creators: name: Ahmed, Shafinaz
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Reading comprehension
Second language acquisition
Applied linguistics
Language and languages--Study and teaching

description: Reading comprehension is a process in which words are interpreted and meaning is created. We read for a variety of reasons: to obtain information, to communicate, and for enjoyment. In order to comprehend or assign meaning to a text, various linguistic, conceptual, reasoning, and meta- cognitive abilities must work efficiently and simultaneously within the reader (Grabe, 1991; Grabe & Stoller, 2011). Views on second language reading have been greatly influenced by research on first language reading. Second language reading research strives to understand what ‘good’ first language readers do and tries to guide second language instructors, learners, and readers in that direction (Catts & Kamhi, 2005; Grabe, 1991; Grabe & Stoller, 2011). However, in order to effectively do so, it is essential to understand what reading is and its multifaceted nature, both in a reader’s first as well as second language.
Aberration features in directional dark matter detection
Creators: name: Bozorgnia, Nassim
name: Gelmini, Graciela B.
name: Gondolo, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of the Earth around the Sun causes an annual change in the magnitude and direction of the arrival velocity of dark matter particles on Earth, in a way analogous to aberration of stellar light. In directional detectors, aberration of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) modulates the pattern of nuclear recoil directions in a way that depends on the orbital velocity of the Earth and the local galactic distribution of WIMP velocities. Knowing the former, WIMP aberration can give information on the latter, besides being a curious way of confirming the revolution of the Earth and the extraterrestrial provenance of WIMPs. While observing the full aberration pattern requires extremely large exposures, we claim that the annual variation of the mean recoil direction or of the event counts over specific solid angles may be detectable with moderately large exposures. For example, integrated counts over Galactic hemispheres separated by planes perpendicular to Earth's orbit would modulate annually, resulting in Galactic Hemisphere Annual Modulations (GHAM) with amplitudes larger than the usual non-directional annual modulation.
description: 24 pages, 46 figures, addition of new section 7 on anisotropic models and Fig. 15
Community dental clinics in British Columbia
Creators: name: Wallace, Bruce Barclay
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Objectives: Oral health inequities are prevalent but little is known on how to respond. In British Columbia (B.C.) there has been a rapid expansion of local responses to the inequities as communities and dental professionals cooperate to operate community dental clinics (CDCs). The purpose of this research has been to explore how the clinics evolved and how they operate from the perspective of participants in B.C. Methods: Three studies were conducted: #1 to understand the problems of access to dentistry using a case study that included 60 interviews with low-income people (N=41), dentists (N=6), and other healthcare or social service-providers (N=13); #2 to investigate the expansion of CDCs in B.C. by interviewing 63 people who helped to establish or operate the clinics; and #3 to study five clinics through aaggregated data from treatment, procedural, and financial data combined with explanatory information from interviews with eight staff members. Results: I identified two models of CDCs emerging in B.C,: volunteer-charitable (VC) clinics offering free services primarily to relieve pain; and, not-for-profit (NFP) clinics operating mostly full-time within community health centres employing paid staff to provide a wide range of basic dental treatments. Not all clinics are providing equitable standards of care to underserved populations, and they all operate with major concerns about financial sustainability. The NFP model seems to improve access to underserved populations by integrating primary or basic dental services with other health care and community social services. Conclusions: Expansion of CDCs in B.C. has been rapid to meet a growing societal concern. They all operate with some success on the principles of health-equity but with concerns for the limits of charity, the sustainability of NFP operations, and their overall limited capacity to address the level of unmet needs. However, the NFP model within the context of CDCs seems to be most effective.
title: Cod Populations In The Eastern Baltic Sea And The White Sea: The Environmental Extremeness As A Factor Of Two Unique Reproduction Strategies Formation
Creators: name: Karasiova, E.M.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session G
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Two populations of numerous cod stocks in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean – the eastern Baltic cod Gadus morhua callarias and the White Sea cod Gadus morhua maris-albi – are inhabiting the intra-continental seas, where reproduction conditions are close to the extreme ones to the species as a whole. Some aspects of their reproductive strategy are considered with reference to the determining influence of the environment conditions extremeness. The unique feature of the White Sea cod consists in coincidence of its reproduction peak with the hydrological winter season and negative water temperatures. The biological sense of this adaptation is to avoid summer decline of the surface salinity leading to decrease of eggs buoyancy. As a result of adaptation to maturation and reproduction at the extreme temperature conditions, the White Sea cod strategy is directed to reduction of expenses for power-consuming functions: fecundity and growth rate. The reproductive strategy of the Baltic cod is under the combined impact of salinity and oxygen content variability and the reproductive volume is the integral index of this impact. Highly significant duration of the Eastern Baltic cod spawning and shift of mass spawning period from spring to summer after the prolonged absence of the North Sea water inflows became the result of reproduction association with the restricted near-bottom water volume. As a result, it is assumed that salinity is a general factor, which to a significant extent controls reproduction and eggs survival of two populations considered.
The Association of Light Trucks and Vans with Pediatric Pedestrian Deaths
Creators: name: DiMaggio, Charles J.
name: Durkin, Maureen
name: Richardson, Lynne D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Public health
Pediatrics
Pedestrian accidents

description: We investigated the hypothesis that relative to cars, light trucks and vans (including sports utility vehicles) are more likely to result in fatal pediatric pedestrian injury. It was further hypothesized that this increased risk is a result of head injuries. The study sample consisted of 18,117 police records of motor vehicles involved in crashes in which one or more pedestrian aged 5 to 19 years old was injured or killed. Frequencies and case fatality ratios for each vehicle body type were calculated. We conducted a logistic regression analysis with light truck or van versus car as the exposure variable and fatal / non-fatal pedestrian injury as the outcome variable. After controlling for driver age, driver gender, vehicle weight, road surface condition and presence of head injury, 5 to 19 year-olds struck by light trucks or vans were more than twice as likely to die than those struck by cars (OR = 2.3 95% CI 1.4, 3.9). For the 5 to 9 year-old age group, light trucks and vans were four times as likely to be associated with fatal injury (OR = 4.2 95 % CI 1.9, 9.5). There was an association between head injury and light trucks and vans (OR=1.2, 95% CI 1.1, 1.3). We conclude that vehicle body type characteristics play an important role in pediatric pedestrian injury severity and may offer engineering-based opportunities for injury control.