Diogma glabrata
Creators: name: Imada, Yume
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cylindrotomidae
Diogma
Diogma glabrata

description: DIOGMA GLABRATA (MEIGEN, 1818)
(FIGS 3B, 5B, 14A–C)
Life history: The whole life-cycle of this species is completed in one year (Müggenburg, 1901); in Japan, the adult flying period is in summer (July to August), which is much later than the other co-occurring species (Liogma mikado and Liogma serraticornis). Larvae are found in terrestrial mosses growing on stones in limestone woodlands, and also in moss mats growing on soil. In Europe, they were found in forests in grassy, humid areas with Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. (Hypnales: Hylocomniaceae) (Zeller, 1842; Müggenburg, 1901). The number of moults is unknown. Final-instar larvae apparently do not have a preference for pupation sites and pupae were found anywhere in the lower damp layers of moss carpets (Alexander, 1920).
Oviposition: A female of this species laid about 60 eggs in total (Müggenburg, 1901), depositing them singly on the lower surface of leaves or stems of mosses (Hemmingsen, 1960).
Egg: Length 1–1.3 mm (Müggenburg, 1901). Spindleshaped, circular in cross-section, with a slightly tapered front pole; longitudinally bulbous (Peus, 1952). Chorionic sculpture irregularly jagged, occuring closeset; reticulated near micropyle (Peus, 1952).
First-instar larva: Newly hatched larvae ashy grey, but become moss green in colour at later stages (Müggenburg, 1901).
Final-instar larva: Length 17–18 mm (N = 3). Body colour with dark green hue; dark pigmentation appears as small blotches on lateral sides, with various forms ranging from rhombus to trapezoid; also, a single, small, isolated blotch near the distal corner of the anterior end is present in the abdominal segment; size of pigmented area increases from abdominal segments I to VI; pigmentation small and pale on abdominal segment VII (Fig. 14A, B). Brown individual unknown (Müggenberg, 1901; Wesenberg-Lund, 1915; Alexander, 1920). Prothorax rugulose; dorsal lobes conical with sharply pointed apices, two pairs along pronotal ridge, anterior pair longer than posterior pair (Fig. 5B); lateral lobes one pair; ventral lobes two pairs. Meso- and metathoracic segments have two pairs of dorsal lobes; lateral lobes two pairs; ventral lobes two pairs, papilla-like, anterior pair closer to each other than posterior pair (Fig. 5B). Dorsal lobes on abdominal segments with bluntly pointed apices, third and fourth pairs bearing two, rounded auxiliary outgrowths (Fig. 6B); segment I with two pairs of lobes, each with two auxiliary outgrowths at the front; segments II–VII with four pairs, each of the posterior two pairs carry two teeth-like auxiliary outgrowths at the front, fourth pair longest and stout; segment VIII with a pair of small, simple, conical lobes without auxiliary outgrowth. Lateral lobes on abdominal segments simple, finger-shaped; segments I and II–VI with three and four pairs, respectively. Ventral lobes on abdominal segments rounded. Anal segment with one pair of dorsal lobes long; dorsomedial lobes (dm) one pair, short and conical (Fig. 14C); lateral lobes one pair, papilla-like; ventral lobes two pairs, anterior pair papilla-like. Spiracular field with hair fringe.
Host-plants: Larvae feed on Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hypnales: Hylocomiaceae) and Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. (Hypnales: Hypnaceae) (Zeller, 1842; Müggenburg, 1901). At mixed forest near Mt. Kisokomagatake (Nagano, Japan), at least two larvae have been confirmed to feed on Bryhnia cf. tenerrima (Hypnales: Brachytheciaceae) in the field.
description: Published as part of Imada, Yume, 2021, Moss mimesis par excellence: integrating previous and new data on the life history and larval ecomorphology of long-bodied craneflies (Diptera: Cylindrotomidae: Cylindrotominae), pp. 1156-1204 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 on pages 1177-1179, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa177, http://zenodo.org/record/5752755