cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a directly imaged planet to the young solar analog YSES 2
Creators: name: Bohn, Alexander J.
name: Ginski, Christian
name: Kenworthy, Matthew A.
name: Mamajek, Eric E.
name: Pecaut, Mark J.
name: Mugrauer, Markus
name: Vogt, Nikolaus
name: Adam, Christian
name: Meshkat, Tiffany
name: Reggiani, Maddalena
name: Snik, Frans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abbreviated. By selecting stars with similar ages and masses, the Young Suns Exoplanet Survey (YSES) aims to detect and characterize planetary-mass companions to solar-type host stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association. Our survey is carried out with VLT/SPHERE with short exposure sequences on the order of 5 min per star per filter. The subtraction of the stellar point spread function (PSF) is based on reference star differential imaging (RDI) using the other targets in the survey in combination with principal component analysis. We report the discovery of YSES 2b, a planetary-mass companion to the K1 star YSES 2 (TYC 8984-2245-1). The primary has a Gaia EDR3 distance of 110 pc, and we derive a revised mass of $1.1\,M_\odot$ and an age of approximately 14 Myr. We detect the companion in two observing epochs southwest of the star at a position angle of 205$^\circ$ and with a separation of $\sim1.05''$, which translates to a minimum physical separation of 115 au at the distance of the system. We derive a photometric planet mass of $6.3^{+1.6}_{-0.9}\,M_\mathrm{Jup}$ using AMES-COND and AMES-dusty evolutionary models; this mass corresponds to a mass ratio of $q=(0.5\pm0.1)$% with the primary. This is the lowest mass ratio of a direct imaging planet around a solar-type star to date. We discuss potential formation mechanisms and find that the current position of the planet is compatible with formation by disk gravitational instability, but its mass is lower than expected from numerical simulations. Formation via core accretion must have occurred closer to the star, yet we do not find evidence that supports the required outward migration, such as via scattering off another undiscovered companion in the system. YSES 2b is an ideal target for follow-up observations to further the understanding of the physical and chemical formation mechanisms of wide-orbit Jovian planets.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A (15 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables)
Pump-induced terahertz anisotropy in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Seidl, Angelika
name: Anvari, Roozbeh
name: Dignam, Marc M.
name: Richter, Peter
name: Seyller, Thomas
name: Schneider, Harald
name: Helm, Manfred
name: Winnerl, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the intraband nonlinear dynamics in doped bilayer graphene in the presence of strong, linearly-polarized, in-plane terahertz fields. We perform degenerate pump-probe experiments with 3.4 THz fields on doped bilayer graphene at low temperature (12 K) and find that when the pump is co-polarized with the probe beam, the differential pump-probe signal is almost double that found in the cross-polarized case. We show that the origin of this pump-induced anisotropy is the difference in the average electron effective mass in the probe direction when carriers are displaced in k-space by the pump either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the probe polarization. We model the system using both a simple semiclassical model and a Boltzmann equation simulation of the electron dynamics with phenomenological scattering and find good qualitative agreement with experimental results.
WIMP identification through a combined measurement of axial and scalar couplings
Creators: name: Bertone, G.
name: Cerdeno, D. G.
name: Collar, J. I.
name: Odom, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the prospects for detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), in a number of phenomenological scenarios, with a detector composed of a target simultaneously sensitive to both spin-dependent and spin-independent couplings, as is the case of COUPP (Chicagoland Observatory for Underground Particle Physics). First, we show that sensitivity to both couplings optimizes chances of initial WIMP detection. Second, we demonstrate that in case of detection, comparison of the signal on two complementary targets, such as in COUPP CF3I and C4F10 bubble chambers, allows a significantly more precise determination of the dark matter axial and scalar couplings. This strategy would provide crucial information on the nature of the WIMPs, and possibly allow discrimination between neutralino and Kaluza-Klein dark matter.
description: 4 pages 2 figures, uses revtex. References added and Fig.2 improved. To appear in PRL
A colimit of classifying spaces
Creators: name: Ellis, Graham
name: Mikhailov, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We recall a group-theoretic description of the first non-vanishing homotopy group of a certain (n+1)-ad of spaces and show how it yields several formulae for homotopy and homology groups of specific spaces. In particular we obtain an alternative proof of J. Wu's group-theoretic description of the homotopy groups of a 2-sphere.
description: 16 pages
Rotation invariant CNN using scattering transform for image classification
Creators: name: Salas, Rosemberg Rodriguez
name: Dokladalova, Eva
name: Dokládal, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep convolutional neural networks accuracy is heavily impacted by rotations of the input data. In this paper, we propose a convolutional predictor that is invariant to rotations in the input. This architecture is capable of predicting the angular orientation without angle-annotated data. Furthermore, the predictor maps continuously the random rotation of the input to a circular space of the prediction. For this purpose, we use the roto-translation properties existing in the Scattering Transform Networks with a series of 3D Convolutions. We validate the results by training with upright and randomly rotated samples. This allows further applications of this work on fields like automatic re-orientation of randomly oriented datasets.
Kinetic Equations for Transport Through Single-Molecule Transistors
Creators: name: Leijnse, M.
name: Wegewijs, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present explicit kinetic equations for quantum transport through a general molecular quantum-dot, accounting for all contributions up to 4th order perturbation theory in the tunneling Hamiltonian and the complete molecular density matrix. Such a full treatment describes not only sequential, cotunneling and pair tunneling, but also contains terms contributing to renormalization of the molecular resonances as well as their broadening. Due to the latter all terms in the perturbation expansion are automatically well-defined for any set of system parameters, no divergences occur and no by-hand regularization is required. Additionally we show that, in contrast to 2nd order perturbation theory, in 4th order it is essential to account for quantum coherence between non-degenerate states, entering the theory through the non-diagonal elements of the density matrix. As a first application, we study a single-molecule transistor coupled to a localized vibrational mode (Anderson-Holstein model). We find that cotunneling-assisted sequential tunneling processes involving the vibration give rise to current peaks i.e. negative differential conductance in the Coulomb-blockade regime. Such peaks occur in the cross-over to strong electron-vibration coupling, where inelastic cotunneling competes with Franck-Condon suppressed sequential tunneling, and thereby indicate the strength of the electron-vibration coupling. The peaks depend sensitively on the coupling to a dissipative bath, thus providing also an experimental probe of the Q-factor of the vibrational motion.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures. Final published version. Some important typos corrected
Bayesian Galaxy Shape Measurement for Weak Lensing Surveys -I. Methodology and a Fast Fitting Algorithm
Creators: name: Miller, L.
name: Kitching, T. D.
name: Heymans, C.
name: Heavens, A. F.
name: Van Waerbeke, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The principles of measuring the shapes of galaxies by a model-fitting approach are discussed in the context of shape-measurement for surveys of weak gravitational lensing. It is argued that such an approach should be optimal, allowing measurement with maximal signal-to-noise, coupled with estimation of measurement errors. The distinction between likelihood-based and Bayesian methods is discussed. Systematic biases in the Bayesian method may be evaluated as part of the fitting process, and overall such an approach should yield unbiased shear estimation without requiring external calibration from simulations. The principal disadvantage of model-fitting for large surveys is the computational time required, but here an algorithm is presented that enables large surveys to be analysed in feasible computation times. The method and algorithm is tested on simulated galaxies from the Shear TEsting Program (STEP).
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The relationship between parental support for literacy, school attendance and the reading behaviors of Musqueam children
Creators: name: Abramson, Sherry
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The present study attempted to examine reading and writing behaviors of Musqueam Indian children in kindergarten and grade one to see if a similar profile of reading and writing behaviors existed within this urban unilingual Native Indian population. The relationship these behaviors had with parental provision for literacy activities during the preschool years and school attendance was explored. It was hypothesized that there would be no similar profile of reading and writing behaviors within the Musqueam population and that there would be no correlation between the variables, the index of parental provision for literacy activities during the preschool years, total school absence and reading and writing performance in kindergarten and grade one. Individual administration of the Diagnostic Survey (Clay) at kindergarten and grade one yielded a description of reading and writing behaviors. Subtests measuring knowledge of letter identification, concepts about print, sight words, and writing vocabulary were administered in both grades. Subtests including oral reading of passages, writing level, and dictation were added in grade one. Group means, standard deviations and range of scores were calculated for the Diagnostic Survey subtests at kindergarten and grade one and examined for similarities. A questionnaire was used to establish an index for parental provision for literacy activities. Total school absence was obtained from school records. The relationship subtests of the Diagnostic Survey had with the Index of Parent Suppport for Literacy Activities and School Absence was explored using Pearson Product-Moment correlational analysis. Results indicated that no similar profile of reading and writing behaviors existed within the Musqueam population. Excluding the sight word subtest at K, Pearson Product-Moment correlations between all subtests of the Diagnostic Survey and the Index of Parental Provision for Literacy Activities were found to be significant (p < .05). No significant correlations were found between survey subtests and total school absence.
Anomalous weak values are caused by disturbance
Creators: name: Ipsen, Asger C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In combination with post-selection, weak measurements can lead to surprising results known as anomalous weak values. These lie outside the bounds of the spectrum of the relevant observable, as in the canonical example of measuring the spin of an electron (along some axis) to be 100. We argue that the disturbance caused by the weak measurement, while small, is sufficient to significantly affect the measurement result, and that this is the most reasonable explanation of anomalous weak values.
description: ~9 pages + four short appendices. v3: One new reference. Add. quotes from the literature. No significant changes to the main text
Rejoinder of: Treelets--An adaptive multi-scale basis for spare unordered data
Creators: name: Lee, Ann B.
name: Nadler, Boaz
name: Wasserman, Larry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rejoinder of "Treelets--An adaptive multi-scale basis for spare unordered data" [arXiv:0707.0481]
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOAS137REJ the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Residual Network and Embedding Usage: New Tricks of Node Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks
Creators: name: Chi, Huixuan
name: Wang, Yuying
name: Hao, Qinfen
name: Xia, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) and subsequent variants have been proposed to solve tasks on graphs, especially node classification tasks. In the literature, however, most tricks or techniques are either briefly mentioned as implementation details or only visible in source code. In this paper, we first summarize some existing effective tricks used in GCNs mini-batch training. Based on this, two novel tricks named GCN_res Framework and Embedding Usage are proposed by leveraging residual network and pre-trained embedding to improve baseline's test accuracy in different datasets. Experiments on Open Graph Benchmark (OGB) show that, by combining these techniques, the test accuracy of various GCNs increases by 1.21%~2.84%. We open source our implementation at https://github.com/ytchx1999/PyG-OGB-Tricks.
description: This work is still working in process. (14 pages, 6 figures)
Practical Trade-Offs in Integrity Protection for Binaries via Ethereum
Creators: name: Stengele, Oliver
name: Droll, Jan
name: Hartenstein, Hannes
Publisher: name: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Year: 2020
Subjects: Blockchain
integrity protection
revocation

description: Ensuring the integrity of executable binaries is of vital importance to systems that run and depend on them. Additionally, supply-chain attacks and security related bugs demonstrate that binaries, once deployed, may need to be revoked and replaced with updated versions. Recently, blockchain ecosystems have garnered broad attention as middlewares for decentralised solutions to existing problems. Stengele et al. presented a concept how the Ethereum blockchain and peer-to-peer network can be used to ensure the integrity of binaries with timely, accurate, and machine-readable revocations. In this work, we show this concept in practice with a user client implementation in Go and demonstrate how revocations and updates can reliably reach a user client within minutes. We show the client's ability to ensure the integrity of multiple binaries and continuously monitor the Ethereum blockchain for updates and revocations via an unmodified Ethereum client. We also examine the trust relations and trade-offs through our use case. Since the user client fully relies on an Ethereum client as a gateway, the latter's resilience against malicious actors is crucial to consider in a practical deployment.
Nonlinear material identification of heterogeneous isogeometric Kirchhoff-Love shells
Creators: name: Borzeszkowski, Bartosz
name: Lubowiecka, Izabela
name: Sauer, Roger A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work presents a Finite Element Model Updating inverse methodology for reconstructing heterogeneous material distributions based on an efficient isogeometric shell formulation. It uses nonlinear hyperelastic material models suitable for describing incompressible material behavior as well as initially curved shells. The material distribution is discretized by bilinear elements such that the nodal values are the design variables to be identified. Independent FE analysis and material discretization, as well as flexible incorporation of experimental data, offer high robustness and control. Three elementary test cases and one application example, which exhibit large deformations and different challenges, are considered: uniaxial tension, pure bending, sheet inflation, and abdominal wall pressurization. Experiment-like results are generated from high-resolution simulations with the subsequent addition of up to 4% noise. Local optimization based on the trust-region approach is used. The results show that with a sufficient number of experimental measurements, design variables and analysis elements, the algorithm is capable to reconstruct material distributions with high precision even in the presence of large noise. The proposed formulation is very general, facilitating its extension to other material models, optimization algorithms and meshing approaches. Adapted material discretizations allow for an efficient and accurate reconstruction of material discontinuities by avoiding overfitting due to superfluous design variables. For increased computational efficiency, the analytical sensitivities and Jacobians are provided.
description: 37 pages, 18 figures, 5 tables
Nonlinear Relaxation Dynamics in Elastic Networks and Design Principles of Molecular Machines
Creators: name: Togashi, Yuichi
name: Mikhailov, Alexander S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analyzing nonlinear conformational relaxation dynamics in elastic networks corresponding to two classical motor proteins, we find that they respond by well-defined internal mechanical motions to various initial deformations and that these motions are robust against external perturbations. We show that this behavior is not characteristic for random elastic networks. However, special network architectures with such properties can be designed by evolutionary optimization methods. Using them, an example of an artificial elastic network, operating as a cyclic machine powered by ligand binding, is constructed.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
The conductance of superconducting-normal hybrid structures
Creators: name: Entin-Wohlman, O.
name: Imry, Y.
name: Aharony, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dc conductance of normal-superconducting hybrid structures is discussed. It is shown that since the Bogoliubov-DeGennes (BDG) equation does not conserve charge, its application to create a Landauer-type approach for the conductance of the NSN system is problematic. We `mend' this deficiency by calculating the conductance from the Kubo formula for a ring configuration (for this geometry the solutions of the BDG equation conserve charge). We show that the presence of a superconductor segment within an otherwise normal metal may {\em reduce} the overall conductance of the composite structure. This reduction enhances the tendency of the NS composite to become insulating.
description: 11 pages 4 figures
Partition function of the Levin-Wen model
Creators: name: Vidal, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a description of the Levin-Wen model excitations in terms of Wilson lines, we compute the degeneracy of the energy levels for any input anyon theory and for any trivalent graph embedded on any (orientable) compact surface. This result allows one to obtain the finite-size and finite-temperature partition function and to show that there are no thermal phase transitions.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, published version
High fidelity state transfer in binary tree spin networks
Creators: name: Tufarelli, T.
name: Giovannetti, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum state propagation over binary tree configurations is studied in the context of quantum spin networks. For binary tree of order two a simple protocol is presented which allows to achieve arbitrary high transfer fidelity. It does not require fine tuning of local fields and two-nodes coupling of the intermediate spins. Instead it assumes simple local operations on the intended receiving node: their role is to brake the transverse symmetry of the network that induces an effective refocusing of the propagating signals. Some ideas on how to scale up these effect to binary tree of arbitrary order are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Thermodynamics of scale-dependent Friedmann equations
Creators: name: Bargueno, Pedro
name: Contreras, Ernesto
name: Rincon, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the role of a time-varying Newton constant under the scale-dependent approach is investigated in the thermodynamics of the Friedman equations. In particular, we show that the extended Friedman equations can be derived either from equilibrium thermodynamics when the non-matter energy momentum tensor is interpreted as a fluid or from non-equilibrium thermodynamics when an entropy production term, which depends on the time-varying Newton constant, is included. Finally, a comparison between black hole and cosmological thermodynamics in the framework of scale--dependent gravity is briefly discussed.
description: To be published in EPJC
Constraints from High-Precision Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background: The Case of Disintegrating Dark Matter with $Λ$ or Dynamical Dark Energy
Creators: name: Liu, Wenzhong
name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
name: Di Valentino, Eleonora
name: Pan, Supriya
name: Wu, Yabo
name: Yang, Weiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years discrepancies have emerged in measurements of the present-day rate of expansion of the universe $H_0$ and in estimates of the clustering of matter $S_8$. Using the most recent cosmological observations we reexamine a novel model proposed to address these tensions, in which cold dark matter disintegrates into dark radiation. The disintegration process is controlled by its rate $Q = α\mathcal{H} ρ_{\rm ddm}$, where $α$ is a (constant) dimensionless parameter quantifying the strength of the disintegration mechanism and $\mathcal{H}$ is the conformal Hubble rate in the spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker universe and $ρ_{\rm ddm}$ is the energy density of the disintegrating cold dark matter. We constrain this model with the latest 2018 Planck temperature and polarization data, showing that there is no evidence for $α\neq 0$ and that it cannot solve the $H_0$ tension below $3σ$, clashing with the result obtained by analyzing the Planck 2015 temperature data. We also investigate two possible extensions of the model in which the dark energy equation-of-state parameter $w \neq -1$. In this case it is possible to combine Planck data with the SH0ES measurement, and we demonstrate that in both these models the $H_0$ tension is resolved at the $1σ$ level, but the condition $w \neq -1$ exacerbates the $S_8$ tension. We also demonstrate that the addition of intermediate-redshift data (from the Pantheon supernova type Ia dataset and baryon acoustic oscillations) weakens the effectiveness of all these models to address the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions.
description: 12 pages, 4 tables and 6 figures; version accepted for publication by JCAP
The CoRoT primary target HD 52265: models and seismic tests
Creators: name: Soriano, M.
name: Vauclair, S.
name: Vauclair, C.
name: Laymand, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HD 52265 is the only known exoplanet-host star selected as a main target for the seismology programme of the CoRoT satellite. As such, it will be observed continuously during five months, which is of particular interest in the framework of planetary systems studies. This star was misclassified as a giant in the Bright Star Catalog, while it is more probably on the main-sequence or at the beginning of the subgiant branch. We performed an extensive analysis of this star, showing how asteroseismology may lead to a precise determination of its external parameters and internal structure. We first reviewed the observational constraints on the metallicity, the gravity and the effective temperature derived from the spectroscopic observations of HD 52265. We also derived its luminosity using the Hipparcos parallax. We computed the evolutionary tracks for models of various metallicities which cross the relevant observational error boxes in the gravity-effective temperature plane. We selected eight different stellar models which satisfy the observational constraints, computed their p-modes frequencies and analysed specific seismic tests. The possible models for HD 52265, which satisfy the constraints derived from the spectroscopic observations, are different in both their external and internal parameters. They lie either on the main sequence or at the beginning of the subgiant branch. The differences in the models lead to quite different properties of their oscillation frequencies. We give evidences of an interesting specific behaviour of these frequencies in case of helium-rich cores: the ``small separations'' may become negative and give constraints on the size of the core. We expect that the observations of this star by the CoRoT satellite wi ll allow choosing between these possible models.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Dynamics of viscous dissipative gravitational collapse: A full causal approach
Creators: name: Herrera, L.
name: Di Prisco, A.
name: Fuenmayor, E.
name: Troconis, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Misner and Sharp approach to the study of gravitational collapse is extended to the viscous dissipative case in, both, the streaming out and the diffusion approximations. The dynamical equation is then coupled to causal transport equations for the heat flux, the shear and the bulk viscosity, in the context of Israel--Stewart theory, without excluding the thermodynamics viscous/heat coupling coefficients. The result is compared with previous works where these later coefficients were neglected and viscosity variables were not assumed to satisfy causal transport equations. Prospective applications of this result to some astrophysical scenarios are discussed.
description: 22 pages Latex. To appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D. Typos corrected
The quantum Chernoff bound as a measure of distinguishability between density matrices: application to qubit and Gaussian states
Creators: name: Calsamiglia, J.
name: Munoz-Tapia, R.
name: Masanes, Ll.
name: Acin, A.
name: Bagan, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hypothesis testing is a fundamental issue in statistical inference and has been a crucial element in the development of information sciences. The Chernoff bound gives the minimal Bayesian error probability when discriminating two hypotheses given a large number of observations. Recently the combined work of Audenaert et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 160501] and Nussbaum and Szkola [quant-ph/0607216] has proved the quantum analog of this bound, which applies when the hypotheses correspond to two quantum states. Based on the quantum Chernoff bound, we define a physically meaningful distinguishability measure and its corresponding metric in the space of states; the latter is shown to coincide with the Wigner-Yanase metric. Along the same lines, we define a second, more easily implementable, distinguishability measure based on the error probability of discrimination when the same local measurement is performed on every copy. We study some general properties of these measures, including the probability distribution of density matrices, defined via the volume element induced by the metric, and illustrate their use in the paradigmatic cases of qubits and Gaussian infinite-dimensional states.
description: 16 pages
Identification and structural studies of natural inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA methyltransferase (NSP16)
Creators: name: Kumar, Mukesh
name: Roy, Anik
name: Rawat, Ravindra Singh
name: Alok, Amit
name: Tetala, Kishore K. R.
name: Biswas, Nihar Ranjan
name: Kaur, Punit
name: Kumar, Sanjit
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Pathogenic RNA viruses are emerging as one of the major threats and posing challenges to human community. RNA viruses have an exceptionally shorter generation time and easy to adapt in host cells. The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2, a long RNA virus, has shown us how difficult it is to overcome this kind of pandemic without understanding the viral infection and replication mechanisms. It is essential to comprehend replications of the viral genome, including RNA polymerization and the final capping process. The mRNAs of SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses are protected at their 5′-ends by cap structure. The cap-like system plays a significant role in viral translational process, viral RNA stability, and scatting in detecting innate immune recognition in host cells. Two coronavirus enzymes, Nsp14 and Nsp16, critically help in the formation of capping and are considered as potential drug targets for antiviral therapy. Natural and herbal medicines have a past record of treating various acute respiratory diseases. In this work, we have exploited 56000 natural compounds to screen potential inhibitors against NSP16. In silico virtual screening, docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies were performed to understand how these potential inhibitors are bound to NSP16. We observed that the most highly screened compound binds to protein molecules with a high dock score, primarily through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, as previously reported for NSP16. Compound-13 (2-hydroxy-N-({1-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]piperidin-3-yl}methyl)-5-methylbenzamide) and compound-51 (N-(2-isobutoxybenzyl)-N,2-dimethyl-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxamide) occupied in active site along with good pharmokinetices properties. In conclusion, the selected compounds could be used as a novel therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Half period theorem of binary black holes
Creators: name: Siino, Masaru
name: Ida, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Merging event horizons of the binary black holes is investigated. While recent development of the numerical study of the binary black hole coalescence has shown that their apparent horizons can orbit for many periods, we study the orbital motion of the event horizon. We discuss how many periods their event horizons orbit before their coalescence. Then, we find that they soon merge into one and the black holes cannot orbit for a half period while the apparent horizons can orbit many times.
description: 9pages, 8figures added., A significant error is corrected., The article has been revised to clarify its insistence
Heat load budgeting of a superconducting induction heater‘s commercial cryocooler-based cryostat
Creators: name: Busch, Lennard
name: Lietzow, Ralph
name: Neumann, Holger
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cryogenics
Cryostat
Cryocooler
Heat Load
Superconductivity

description: Within a project funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWI), the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) collaborates with the Theva GmbH and Bültmann GmbH to develop a superconduct-ing magnetic heater. The Theva GmbH designs and supplies the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil. It will be integrated in a cryostat designed and supplied by KIT and cooled to ca. 25 K via a GM-cryocooler. Granted successful test results at KIT, the cryostat with the superconducting coil will serve to operate an induction heater at the Bültmann GmbH and be assessed there under industrial conditions. The challenge within the cryogenic design lies in the simultaneous requirement of relatively low production costs, robustness and extremely limited operation downtimes to form a competitive product. This contribution presents aspects of the cryogenic system’s conceptional design, with a focus on its heat load budgeting. Due to the limited cooling capacities of cryocoolers on each stage, the main aim of the design is to distribute the estimated heat loads as suitably as possible between the cryocooler stages. In the cryostat we designed, the total heat loads on both cryocooler stages will have three significant contributions: heat conduc-tion along connected components, Joule heating and thermal radiation. The respective estimation methods for these heat loads and their results are briefly shown and evaluated in this contribution. In this context, specific examples for the results‘ influence on the cryostat design within the scope of thermal and economical design are given. The heat load approximations’ eligibility to serve as a determination basis of an appropriate cryocooler model is discussed as well. On this basis, finally, we give suggestions for specific cryocooler models currently on the market.
The effect of pictures in a visually structured lesson on the comprehension and recall of grade 5 and grade 7 social studies text
Creators: name: McComb, Bonnie Jean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The effects of instruction integrating pictorial and textual components in a fifth and a seventh grade Social Studies lesson were investigated. Measures of recall were examined both immediately after the lesson and after a two week delay. Experimental instruction focusing on the integration of illustrations with the expository text was compared to the more conventional classroom procedure of focusing on the written text through guided silent reading. The fifth grade experimental group outperformed the conventional group on all measures of immediate and delayed recall. The seventh grade experimental group had higher scores than the conventional group on one delayed measure of recall, a short answer test. No particular reading ability level was benefited more than another by the experimental treatment in either grade. An examination of gender differences revealed that fifth grade females in the experimental group outscored males on one immediate measure of recall, a short answer test. Implications for instruction and further research are discussed.
Constraint Control of a Boom Crane System
Creators: name: Ambrosino, Michele
name: Dawans, Arnaud
name: Garone, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Boom cranes are among the most used cranes to lift heavy loads. Although fairly simple mechanically, from the control viewpoint this kind of crane is a nonlinear underactuated system which presents several challenges, especially when con-trolled in the presence of constraints. To solve this problem, we propose an approach based on the Explicit Reference Governor (ERG), which does not require any online optimization, thus making it computationally inexpensive. The proposed control scheme is able to steer the crane to a desired position ensuring the respect of limited joint ranges, maximum oscillation angle, and the avoidance of static obstacles.
description: The paper was published in 37th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC 2020)
REAL-TIME CONTROL MODEL IN AIRLINE DELAY MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Dong, Han
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Transportation planning
subject: Airline
subject: Delay managent
subject: Real-time control model

description: The real-time control in airport management can reduce delay cost and alleviate delay propagation in an airline network. In this study, a model is developed to determine holding decisions and departure policies to the ready departure flights, which have transfer passengers from late arrival flights. Optimization with downstream coordination (ODC) and optimization without downstream coordination (ONDC) are presented in the model. The results show that ODC and ONDC could reduce system total cost when flights are delayed, and ODC performs better than ONDC. The sensitivity analysis of the total cost to various inputs is also discussed. The results show that the system total cost varies with holding time, slack time, number of transfer passengers and headway.
Odd-frequency pairing in normal metal/superconductor junctions
Creators: name: Tanaka, Y.
name: Tanuma, Y.
name: Golubov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the induced odd-frequency pairing states in ballistic normal metal/superconductor (N/S) junctions where a superconductor has even-frequency symmetry in the bulk and a normal metal layer has an arbitrary length. Using the quasiclassical Green's function formalism, we demonstrate that, quite generally, the pair amplitude in the junction has an admixture of an odd-frequency component due to the breakdown of translational invariance near the N/S interface where the pair potential acquires spatial dependence. If a superconductor has even-parity pair potential (spin-singlet s-wave state), the odd-frequency pairing component with odd-parity is induced near the N/S interface, while in the case of odd-parity pair potential (spin-triplet $p_{x}$-wave or spin-singlet $d_{xy}$-wave) the odd-frequency component with even-parity is generated. We show that in conventional s-wave junctions, the amplitude of the odd-frequency pairing state is enhanced at energies corresponding to the peaks in the local density of states (LDOS). In $p_x$- and $d_{xy}$-wave junctions, the amplitude of the odd-frequency component on the S side of the N/S interface is enhanced at zero energy where the midgap Andreev resonant state (MARS) appears due to the sign change of the pair potential. The odd-frequency component extends into the N region and exceeds the even-frequency component at energies corresponding to the LDOS peak positions, including the MARS.
description: 27 pages, 12 figures
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: The role of disc fading and progenitor bias in kinematic transitions
Creators: name: Croom, S. M.
name: Taranu, D. S.
name: van de Sande, J.
name: Lagos, C. D. P.
name: Harborne, K. E.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Brough, S.
name: Bryant, J. J.
name: Cortese, L.
name: Foster, C.
name: Goodwin, M.
name: Groves, B.
name: Khalid, A.
name: Lawrence, J.
name: Medling, A. M.
name: Richards, S. N.
name: Owers, M. S.
name: Scott, N.
name: Vaughan, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use comparisons between the SAMI Galaxy Survey and equilibrium galaxy models to infer the importance of disc fading in the transition of spirals into lenticular (S0) galaxies. The local S0 population has both higher photometric concentration and lower stellar spin than spiral galaxies of comparable mass and we test whether this separation can be accounted for by passive aging alone. We construct a suite of dynamically self--consistent galaxy models, with a bulge, disc and halo using the GalactICS code. The dispersion-dominated bulge is given a uniformly old stellar population, while the disc is given a current star formation rate putting it on the main sequence, followed by sudden instantaneous quenching. We then generate mock observables (r-band images, stellar velocity and dispersion maps) as a function of time since quenching for a range of bulge/total (B/T) mass ratios. The disc fading leads to a decline in measured spin as the bulge contribution becomes more dominant, and also leads to increased concentration. However, the quantitative changes observed after 5 Gyr of disc fading cannot account for all of the observed difference. We see similar results if we instead subdivide our SAMI Galaxy Survey sample by star formation (relative to the main sequence). We use EAGLE simulations to also take into account progenitor bias, using size evolution to infer quenching time. The EAGLE simulations suggest that the progenitors of current passive galaxies typically have slightly higher spin than present day star-forming disc galaxies of the same mass. As a result, progenitor bias moves the data further from the disc fading model scenario, implying that intrinsic dynamical evolution must be important in the transition from star-forming discs to passive discs.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC PRODUCE PRE- AND POST- HARVEST ON MARYLAND FARMS AND IMPACT OF GROWING AND HANDLING METHODS ON EPIPHYTIC BACTERIA
Creators: name: XU, Aixia
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Food science
subject: Plant sciences
subject: food safety
subject: organic produce

description: Although the consumption of organic produce has dramatically increased in recent years and many outbreaks continue to occur, the microbiological safety of organic produce has not been fully assessed. This study generated microbiological data to evaluate organic produce safety and also assessed the impact of growing methods (ground cover effects) and handling methods (washing practices) in organic lettuce systems. The study evaluated microbiological safety of pre- and post-harvest fresh produce samples from small organic farms in Maryland, the effect of mulching on survival of indicator bacteria and the impact of post-harvest washing method on microbiological safety and epiphytic bacterial communities. Results indicate that (1) washed post-harvest produce had higher risks than unwashed and pre-harvest organic produce as measured by indicator bacteria E. coli, total coliforms, APC, yeast and mold; (2) different mulches affected the microbial levels differently; (3) different washing methods altered the bacterial communities both immediately and following 5 days of storage. This study presents data that could be used to assess food safety risks of organic produce associated with their cultivation and on-farm handling practices.
Developments and the preliminary tests of Resistive GEMs manufactured by a screen printing technology
Creators: name: Clark, B.
name: Agocs, A. G.
name: Oliveira, R.
name: Peskov, V.
name: Pietropaolo
name: Picchi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report promising initial results obtained with new resistive-electrode GEM (RETGEM) detectors manufactured, for the first time, using screen printing technology. These new detectors allow one to reach gas gains nearly as high as with ordinary GEM-like detectors with metallic electrodes; however, due to the high resistivity of its electrodes the RETGEM, in contrast to ordinary hole-type detectors, has the advantage of being fully spark protected. We discovered that RETGEMs can operate stably and at high gains in noble gases and in other badly quenched gases, such as mixtures of noble gases with air and in pure air; therefore, a wide range of practical applications, including dosimetry and detection of dangerous gases, is foreseeable. To promote a better understanding of RETGEM technology some comparative studies were completed with metallic-electrode thick GEMs. A primary benefit of these new RETGEMs is that the screen printing technology is easily accessible to many research laboratories. This accessibility encourages the possibility to manufacture these GEM-like detectors with the electrode resistivity easily optimized for particular experimental or practical applications.
Emerging chiral optics from chiral interfaces
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyan
name: Zhong, Yuhan
name: Low, Tony
name: Chen, Hongsheng
name: Lin, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisted atomic bilayers are emerging platforms for manipulating chiral light-matter interaction at the extreme nanoscale, due to their inherent magnetoelectric responses induced by the finite twist angle and quantum interlayer coupling between the atomic layers. Recent studies have reported the direct correspondence between twisted atomic bilayers and chiral metasurfaces, which features a chiral surface conductivity, in addition to the electric and magnetic surface conductivities. However, far-field chiral optics in light of these consitututive conductivities remains unexplored. Within the framework of the full Maxwell equations, we find that the chiral surface conductivity can be exploited to realize perfect polarization transformation between linearly polarized light. Remarkably, such an exotic chiral phenomenon can occur either for the reflected or transmitted light.
Neues zur ottonischen Pfalz Ilsenburg, Lkr. Harz
Creators: name: Froh, Christian
Publisher: name: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte
Year: 2021

description: Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte, Bd. 93 2009(2012): Jahresschrift für Mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte