cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Diamond Wire Wafering: Wafer Morphology in Comparison to Slurry Sawn Wafers
Creators: name: Bidiville, A.
name: Heiber, J.
name: Wasmer, K.
name: Habegger, S.
name: Assi, F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1673-1676
description: Large attention is currently paid to the forthcoming diamond wire wafering technology, which
shows a number of important advantages compared to the slurry based technology. Industrial diamond wire
wafering solutions profit mainly from higher throughput, simpler processes and reduced production costs.
However, the cutting mechanism affects the material properties, mainly the surface of the produced wafers and
more importantly the wafer strength, which has an influence on the overall yield. The impact of the diamond wire
technology on the wafer properties – in particular the wafer surface morphology – in comparison to the slurry
based cutting technology is discussed in this article.
Optimal Policy Paths for International Market Support Strategies of Grid Connected PV Systems
Creators: name: Lopez-Polo, A.
name: Haas, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Taking Off: Large-scale Deployment
Programmes, Policies and Economics; National and International Initiatives Globally

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 5336-5343
description: Whereas Feed-in Tariffs (FIT) have become mainstream in Europe for the deployment of PV systems, investment
subsidies are still present in some important over-sea markets like Japan and California. In these countries, long term
strategies have resulted in a great amount of installed capacity by intending to shift the demand, i.e., by intending to
increase the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for PV systems. However, Feed-in Tariffs in some European countries like
Germany, Spain and Italy, have proved to be able to induce a big demand and to boost large amounts of installed
capacity by intending a monetary benefit of investors and household owners. Two basic issues result from both
market approaches: on the one side market strategies have to procure a sustainable and sufficient market growth,
which enable the establishment of local PV industry. On the other side, market strategies have to cause a minimum of
societal costs. The core purpose of this work is to analyse the most important worldwide market strategies for grid
connected PV systems from a historical perspective. Most relevant success factors for a sustainable and cost efficient
market penetration of grid connected PV systems are identified. They based on two aspects: a) observation of the
historical development of installed PV systems in the period 1994 to 2008 and b) observation of demand side
expenditures.
Industrially Feasible mc-Si Solar Cells with Fine Line Printed Front Contacts on High Emitter Sheet Resistance Towards 17% Efficiency
Creators: name: Clement, F.
name: Menkoe, M.
name: Erath, D.
name: Retzlaff, M.
name: Goetz, A.K.
name: Hörteis, M.
name: Bartsch, J.
name: Hönig, R.
name: Belledin, U.
name: Biro, D.
name: Preu, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2172-2176
description: To achieve higher efficiencies without extra-cost is the major goal of research and development in
crystalline silicon solar cell production technology. This goal can be addressed by fine line printing. Therefore, the
focus of this work will be the combination of fine line printed front contacts and high emitter sheet resistances. A
detailed study of fine line front contacts is presented. Therefore, an electrical analysis based on solar cell results as
well as an optical analysis based on microscope pictures are carried out. Furthermore, the contact characteristic of
different silver pastes as a function of the emitter sheet resistance is analyzed. As additional approach fine line
printed front contacts as seed layer for a two-step metallization are discussed within this work. Both concepts, the
one- and two-step metallization, will be compared with each other. Moreover, the use of MWT (metal wrap through)
solar cells [1] allows a further efficiency increase [2]. Hence, MWT solar cells with fine line screen printed front
contacts are developed and characterized in this paper. Efficiencies up to 16.8% are realized with mc-Si MWT solar
cells.
Towards Module Efficiencies of 16% with an Improved CIGSSe Device Design
Creators: name: Dalibor, T.
name: Jost, S.
name: Vogt, H.
name: Heiß, A.
name: Visbeck, S.
name: Happ, T.
name: Palm, J.
name: Avellán, A.
name: Niesen, T.
name: Karg, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2407-2411
description: Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) thin film modules based on the AVANCIS SEL-RTP process (stacked
elemental layer – rapid thermal processing) are commercially available under the brand name PowerMax® in six
different nominal power classes up to 135W, corresponding to a maximum aperture efficiency of 14.2%. In order to
further catch up with multicrystalline silicon based solar modules we investigate advanced CIGSSe process and
device designs in the AVANCIS R&D pilot line on 30*30cm2-sized substrates. With the improved CIGSSe device
design which is the subject matter of the present publication we were able to further enhance the aperture area
efficiency to an independently confirmed value of 15.5%. We report on the individual measures of the improved
CIGSSe device design which resulted in an enhancement mainly of the fill factor FF. The efficiency improvement is
achieved without compromising on the long-term stability of the electrical performance parameters as demonstrated
by the results of a damp heat testing of several prototypes with the improved CIGSSe device design yielding
comparable long-term stability data to our standard baseline products.
Along the routes described above the efficiency evolution further continues with the latest champion module coming
from our line showing an independently certified aperture area efficiency of 15.8%.
Local Electronic Properties and Microstructure of Individual Laser-Fired Contacts
Creators: name: Naumann, V.
name: Hagendorf, C.
name: Werner, M.
name: Henke, B.
name: Schmidt, C.
name: Nekarda, J.-F.
name: Bagdahn, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2180-2184
description: Local electronic properties of the laser-fired contacts (LFCs) are strongly determined by their microstructure
and underlying process parameters. In this paper preparation techniques and analytical tools for the electronic
characterization on a micrometer-scale and correlated microstructure material properties of individual LFCs
have been applied. Lock-in Thermography (LIT) images allow a simple and non-destructive statistical evaluation of a
larger number of LFCs in overview as well as high resolution images of local dissipative structures. The resistance of
single isolated LFCs measured through four-terminal sensing is correlated with general properties investigated
through high-resolution LIT and SEM/EDX. The local element composition within and below LFCs is analyzed by
acquisition of depth profiles using dual beam time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). In addition,
areas with non-linear electrical characteristics were localized by means of mapping space charge regions in the
contact area with measurements of electron beam induced current (SEM/EBIC).
Large-Scale Generation of Electricity in Desert Regions – Opportunities and Risks of a EU-MENA Cooperation
Creators: name: Hofer, A.
name: Koehle, J.
name: Wirth, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Taking Off: Large-scale Deployment
Programmes, Policies and Economics; National and International Initiatives Globally

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 5379-5384
description: The development of large-scale solar energy projects is currently discussed as a suitable approach
towards a sustainable and affordable supply of energy for Europe. Considering the necessity of adequate solar
radiation as well as the high density of population, the availability of appropriate areas for large-scale solar
power plants is limited. Outside Europe, neighbour countries like Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya (potential
hosting countries in the MENA-Region) offer necessary prerequisites in terms of available area, solar radiation
and immediate vicinity, important for a later interconnection to the European electricity grid. Up to now, research
concepts and early project development underestimated the importance of social issues as basis for political
stability and subsequently a stable framework for the implementation of large-scale energy projects in desert
regions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a first overview of opportunities and potential risks that are
inevitably linked to large-scale solar energy projects in the MENA-Region.
1 KWP Photovoltaic System Simulator With Dynamic I-V Curve Changing
Creators: name: Mendibil, K.
name: Moneo, R.
name: Román Medina, E.
name: Bengoechea, F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Engineering and System Integration

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3103-3106
description: A new concept of solar simulator has been developed both by EKAIN TALEA and ROBOTIKER Technology Centre in order to cover a market sector focused on the training of future installers and PV inverter manufacturers. EKAIN TALDEA is an Spanish PV installer that has developed a training kit for PV installers. This product has allowed this company to be in excellent position in the education market. The developed solar simulator is used as part of the kit as well as in the PV industry for PV inverter and MPPT testing. The main innovation has been considered for the establishment of the conceptual design and power electronics architecture. It allows the verification of up to 1kW PV inverters, provides independency, repeatability of tests, possibility of testing any I-V PV curve defined by the user, without any limits but the maximum voltages and current values imposed by the power supply that feeds the simulator. And finally, it is possible to vary dynamically the climatic conditions –radiation, temperature- of the simulated PV system. Furthermore, new software for PC has been developed, valid to store generated I-V curves. This work has been funded by Basque Country Government under the INTEK-BERRI program.
Results of the OPTINOS Project - Deficits and Unsureness in Test Procedures of Photovoltaic Inverters
Creators: name: Bendel, C.
name: Funtan, P.
name: Glotzbach, T.
name: Kirchhof, J.
name: Klein, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Engineering and System Integration

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3107-3111
description: For the quality assurance of photovoltaic inverters, different test procedures must be applied. These are partly defined in standards; however there are partially large uncertainties with application of these procedures, since the photovoltaic specific characteristics in some standards were considered so far only insufficiently. This leads to the problem, that results which are based on these procedures can not be compared with each another. On the other hand, many aspects of the human and system safety as well as the technical function and reliability are normative not regulated! The goal of the project OPTINOS is, to point out and eliminate these deficits by specifying and improving the technical, organizational and normative demands. Thus the project supports the demands of the industry to create uniform test procedures for photovoltaic inverters. The work takes place in coordination with the responsible committees of the DKE. Cooperation with CENELEC and IEC is planned. This paper shows main work items of the project and describes actual research results.
Growth and Characterization of p-Type Multicrystalline Silicon Ingot Using Feedstock Intentionally Contaminated with 30 ppma Titanium
Creators: name: Kobayashi, K.
name: Dhamrin, M.
name: Ban, N.
name: Kamisako, K.
name: Saegusa, K.
name: Megumi, T.
name: Tabuchi, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1631-1634
description: In this work, mc-Si ingot co-doped with boron and titanium was grown to investigate the titanium
effect on carrier lifetime and titanium behavior in mc-Si ingot. Carrier lifetimes below 1 μs were obtained for large
part of the ingot except a small part near the center where carrier lifetimes of about 5 μs were realized. Remarkable
improvement of carrier lifetimes was realized after phosphorus gettering performed for 60 min at 875°C in N2 + O2
ambient. Metal impurities of the ingot were removed by P-gettering and carrier lifetimes were improved to reach 14
μs at the bottom region of the ingot. The high oxygen concentration in the bottom and the high carbon concentration
in the top were observed. Jsc, Voc, FF and Eff showed high values in the bottom region and low values in the top
region of the ingot. The results were in good agreement with the lifetime results after p-diffusion.
Recycling of Silicon Powder Retrieved from Diamond Wire Slicing Kerf
Creators: name: Dhamrin, M.
name: Saitoh, T.
name: Kamisako, K.
name: Mori, T.
name: Iwamoto, N.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1600-1603
description: Recycling procedure to retrieve the Silicon from the diamond wire saw sludge is proposed and examined.
In order to clarify the impact of common impurities in the silicon sludge. The resulting evolution curves from the TDPMS
measurement indicate that most of the organic gases will have high evolution intensity at temperatures below 200°C.
However, CO and N2 have almost the same evolution all over the range of temperatures between 100 and 1000°C. Model
experiment was performed to investigate the impact of nickel and carbon on multicrystalline ingot quality. The diffusion
length distribution was normal in the nickel contaminated ingot and comparable non-contaminated ingots while the
carbon contaminated ingot have poor quality if compared with non-contaminated ingots. The Total oxygen measurement
was used to evaluate the oxygen contents in our swarf material and the total oxygen contents were found to be below 5 %.
We succeeded to melt the silicon swarf in small scale experiment and the impurity concentration was compared to the
initial impurity concentrations in the silicon swarf.
The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: Multi-wavelengths counterparts to 10$^3$ submillimeter galaxies in the UKIDSS-UDS field
Creators: name: Chen, Chian-Chou
name: Smail, Ian
name: Ivison, Rob J.
name: Arumugam, Vinodiran
name: Almaini, Omar
name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Geach, James E.
name: Hartley, Will G.
name: Ma, Cheng-Jiun
name: Mortlock, Alice
name: Simpson, Chris
name: Simpson, James M.
name: Swinbank, A. Mark
name: Aretxaga, Itziar
name: Blain, Andrew
name: Chapman, Scott C.
name: Dunlop, James S.
name: Farrah, Duncan
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Michałowski, Michał J.
name: van der Werf, Paul
name: Wilkinson, Aaron
name: Zavala, Jorge A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multiwavelength identifications for the counterparts of 1088 submillimeter sources detected at 850$μ$m in the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey study of the UKIDSS-UDS field. By utilising an ALMA pilot study on a subset of our bright SCUBA-2 sample as a training set, along with the deep optical-near-infrared data available in this field, we develop a novel technique, Optical-IR Triple Color (OIRTC), using $z-K$, $K-[3.6]$, $[3.6]-[4.5]$ colors to select the candidate submillimeter galaxy (SMG) counterparts. By combining radio identification and the OIRTC technique, we find counterpart candidates for 80% of the Class = 1 $\geq4\,σ$ SCUBA-2 sample, defined as those that are covered by both radio and OIR imaging and the base sample for our scientific analyses. Based on the ALMA training set, we expect the accuracy of these identifications to be $82\pm20$%, with a completeness of $69\pm16$%, essentially as accurate as the traditional $p$-value technique but with higher completeness. We find that the fraction of SCUBA-2 sources having candidate counterparts is lower for fainter 850$μ$m sources, and we argue that for follow-up observations sensitive to SMGs with $S_{850}\gtrsim 1$ mJy across the whole ALMA beam, the fraction with multiple counterparts is likely to be $>40$% for SCUBA-2 sources at $S_{850} \gtrsim 4$ mJy. We find that the photometric redshift distribution for the SMGs is well fit by a lognormal distribution, with a median redshift of $z=2.3\pm0.1$. After accounting for the sources without any radio and/or OIRTC counterpart, we estimate the median redshift to be $z=2.6\pm0.1$ for SMGs with $S_{850} >1$ mJy. We also use this new large sample to study the clustering of SMGs and the the far-infrared properties of the unidentified submillimeter sources by stacking their Herschel SPIRE far-infrared emission.
description: ApJ in press, 23 pages, 17 figures
Status of the PHOTOSIL Project for the Production of Solar Grade Silicon from Metallurgical Silicon
Creators: name: Margaria, T.
name: Cocco, F.
name: Kraiem, J.
name: Degoulange, J.
name: Pelletier, D.
name: Sarti, D.
name: Delannoy, Y.
name: Trassy, C.
name: Neulat, L.
name: Einhaus, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1506-1509
description: This article gives an up-date on the progress of the French PHOTOSIL project from a technical and an
economical point of view. During the last 5 years, the French PHOTOSIL consortium formed by FerroPEM, CEAINES,
CNRS SiMAP and APOLLON SOLAR has been working on a combination of new, innovative up-grading
and purification techniques for MG Silicon on an industrial pilot level, to arrive at UMG Silicon that is compatible
with the purity and economical requirements of the PV industry. The objectives of this project are production costs
<15€/kg, average photovoltaic performances of >15% solar cell efficiencies on multi-crystalline wafers from ingots
made of 100% UMG Silicon and a material yield of >85% after crystallisation.
Qualitative Analysis of Wire Wear During Wafer Cutting Process by Multi-Wire Sawing System (MWSS)
Creators: name: Cancillo Carro, D.
name: Rodríguez San Segundo, H.J.
name: Guerrero, I.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1610-1612
description: One of the main risks when slicing silicon wafers using the multi wire sawing technology (MWSS) is the
possibility of a wire break that could result in severe saw marks or even in losing the whole sawing load. The aim of this
work is to study broken and unbroken wire features, in order to better understand why breakages are produced, and
therefore set actions to minimize them. After studying the surface finish of new wires and used wires no direct
correlation between breakage and wire surface finish was observed. However, longitudinal marks were observed in all
broken wires. Similarly, there is no direct correlation between the initial and final thickness of the wires and rupture.
First Demonstration of High Volume Manufacturing of Kerf-Free PolyMax™ Wafers
Creators: name: Brailove, A.
name: Kang, S.
name: Fujisaka, A.
name: Henley, F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1613-1616
description: A novel kerfless wafer-making process has been developed and introduced over the last several years.
The PolyMax™ process is based on ion beam-induced cleaving of crystalline silicon and has been demonstrated to be
capable of producing high quality c-Si wafers in thicknesses ranging from 20 microns to 150 microns. Progress on
the development of production-grade equipment to perform this process at commercial rates is reported here. The
design and performance of the first production-grade implantation tool is described, along with early wafering results.
The developmental progress of several alternate cleaving technologies is also discussed. Finally, plans for future
development of the equipment and a conceptual plan for a factory based on the PolyMax equipment are presented.
Assessment of Energy Production and Comparison Among Different Configurations of Grid Connected PV Systems
Creators: name: Spertino, F.
name: Di Leo, P.
name: Sumaili Akilimali, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Engineering and System Integration

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3116-3120
description: Considering the Italian feed-in tariff, it is important to estimate the energy production as accurate as possible because, in case of overestimation, the pay-back period of the investment becomes longer, whereas, in case of underestimation, the investor can decide to avoid the installation of a PV system. The usual formulas for energy prediction are empirical and their reliability depends strongly on the closeness of the PV system to the towns chosen in the meteorological database and on the correct evaluation of the performance ratio. Therefore, in the following it is presented a methodology for energy assessment based on: experimental testing of PV arrays and inverters during the operation; processing of irradiation and ambient temperature database. This experimental procedure provides results that, with respect to the readings of the energy counters, have deviations (2-3%) much lower than the corresponding ones (10-12%) from the conventional calculations.
Latest Results on Production of Solar Cells Using UMG-Si Feedstock
Creators: name: Petter, K.
name: Ludwig, Y.
name: Bakowskie, R.
name: Hlusiak, M.
name: Diez, S.
name: Ritz, L.L.
name: Lantzsch, R.
name: Rupp, S.
name: Freudenberg, A.
name: Scholz, S.
name: Hoffmann, V.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1624-1627
description: Solar energy will shortly be in great demand since it is inexhaustible, cleaner and cheaper than any
conventional energy resources. To keep up with the exponential growth of solar production innovative processes
for silicon production with low energy cost and strong upscaling possibility have to be developed. Using
upgraded metallurgical grade silicon (umg-Si) is considered to be a promising way.
In this work, we present latest results of the production of solar cells from umg-Si feedstock at Q-Cells. We focus
on the activities in our R&D facilities for crystallisation and wafering and present the schematic process flow
including quality assuring measures, like the measurement of resistivities, lifetimes, IR transmission and
concentration of oxygen and carbon. Using these data we present a survey of our progress made within the last
two years regarding light induced degradation (including the method of electrically induced predegradation) and
solar cell efficiencies.
Subarcsecond Bright Points and Quasi-periodic Upflows Below a Quiescent Filament Observed by the IRIS
Creators: name: Li, Ting
name: Zhang, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using UV spectra and SJIs from the IRIS, and coronal images and magnetograms from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), we present the new features in a quiescent filament channel: subarcsecond bright points (BPs) and quasi-periodic upflows. The BPs in the TR have a spatial scale of about 350$-$580 km and lifetime of more than several tens of minutes. They are located at stronger magnetic structures in the filament channel, with magnetic flux of about 10$^{17}$$-$10$^{18}$ Mx. Quasi-periodic brightenings and upflows are observed in the BPs and the period is about 4$-$5 min. The BP and the associated jet-like upflow comprise a "tadpole-shaped" structure. The upflows move along bright filament threads and their directions are almost parallel to the spine of the filament. The upflows initiated from the BPs with opposite polarity magnetic fields have opposite directions. The velocity of the upflows in plane of sky is about 5$-$50 km s$^{-1}$. The emission line of Si IV 1402.77 Å at the locations of upflows exhibits obvious blueshifts of about 5$-$30 km s$^{-1}$, and the line profile is broadened with the width of more than 20 km s$^{-1}$. The BPs seem to be the bases of filament threads and the upflows are able to convey mass for the dynamic balance of the filament. The "counter-streaming" flows in previous observations may be caused by the propagation of bi-directional upflows initiated from opposite polarity magnetic fields. We suggest that quasi-periodic brightenings of BPs and quasi-periodic upflows result from small-scale oscillatory magnetic reconnections, which are modulated by solar p-mode waves.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted in A&A
Establishing an Industrial Solar Cell Process in a Laboratory Environment
Creators: name: Harney, R.
name: Winter, P.
name: Geiger, M.
name: Theobald, J.
name: Binaie Masouleh, F.
name: Peter, K.
name: Keller, S.
name: Fath, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2193-2196
description: We established an industrial solar cell process for mono- and multicrystalline 156×156 mm² silicon
solar cells in a research center (ISC Konstanz). With a stable baseline process, cell development can be
interconnected with industrial production standards. Easy monitoring of process stability, material testing and a
standardized reference processes is achieved. Developed processes on a laboratory level can be tested with respect to
industrial stability. We exemplify a learning curve, how an adequately stable process can be established in a
laboratory environment. Monitoring is crucial, so we have introduced several fixed characterization steps into the
baseline process. As examples, material testing and optimization of the co-firing in the baseline process are shown.
Transmission Electron Microscopy of Amorphous Tandem Thin-Film Silicon Modules Produced by A Roll-to-Roll Process on Plastic Foil
Creators: name: Couty, P.
name: Duchamp, M.
name: Söderström, K.
name: Dunin-Borkowski, R.E.
name: Sansonnens, L.
name: Ziegler, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2395-2398
description: An improvement of the photo-current is expected when amorphous silicon solar cells are grown on a
ZnO texture. A full understanding of the relationship between cell structure and electrical performance is essential for
the rapid development of high efficiency VHF-tandem cells on textured substrates. At first, we present the systematic
study where amorphous cells are grown on ZnO based textures. For varying the texture, the same original master
LPCVD ZnO was successively transferred to nickel molds and finally transferred to the plastic foil by roll-to-roll
process. From TEM images, we show how a control-lost of shape fidelity is used to smooth the texture and make it
compatible with subsequent layer growth. Then, we present the electrical performances of the most promising
reference solar cell single junction which was obtained on a roll-to-roll foil. Finally, a tandem amorphous/amorphous
Si reference cell was produced on textured foil with a stable efficiency of 8%. The first PV modules on UV textured
plastic foil with aluminium back reflector were also produced with initial efficiency of 7%.
Progress in Contacting a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells and its Application to Interdigitaded Back Contact Structure
Creators: name: Desrues, T.
name: Ribeyron, P.-J.
name: Vandeneynde, A.
name: Ozanne, A.-S.
name: Muñoz, D.
name: Souche, F.
name: Denis, C.
name: Heslinga, D.
name: Diouf, D.
name: Kleider, J.P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2202-2205
description: This work presents our progress in designing the rear emitter of a-Si:H / c-Si (n) heterojunctions solar
cells (Si-HJ). We study the emitter saturation current density (J0e) of p-type a-Si:H layers and show that it greatly
depends on the layer thickness and conductivity. Different p-type a-Si:H emitters are tested experimentally on Rear
Emitter (RE) as well as Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) Si-HJ devices. A low conductivity (1.4x10-6 S.cm-1) layer
allows the better Voc values about 650 mV but causes resistive losses on both types of solar cells. For the IBC
devices, a low emitter contact fraction induces not only fill factor (FF) losses but also a decrease of the short circuit
current (Jsc) value. By optimizing the rear side geometry an efficiency of 12.7% is achieved for the Si-HJ IBC
structure on 25 cm2 n-type substrate.
How can we increase children’s understanding of the social determinants of health? Why charitable drives in schools reinforce individualism, responsibilisation and inequity
Creators: name: Ward, Paul
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2023
Subjects: Social determinants of health

description: This paper examines the ways in which neoliberal responses to social health issues shape the educational discourses and practices of schools. As schools are increasingly identified as ideal spaces for health promotion, the question of how and why educators and public health practitioners can and should work together continues to be debated. Using Bourdieu’s theory of reproduction, we use this indicative example of emergency food to examine how ‘charity alone’ models reproduce and perpetuate inequitable health outcomes in neoliberal societies. This individualistic view of health continues to work against public health and social justice education initiatives increasingly found in schools, curricula and wider society; creating a dissonance between rhetoric and reality. Revolutionary critical pedagogies are explored to examine the implications of these practices in schools, and how the framework of service learning may offer an approach for involving primary students in empathy, caring and social justice. We seek to extend the existing literature by exploring ways of shifting, rather than reproducing, the current practices of educators and public health practitioners in how children experience health inequality and the social determinants of health.
Emerging and Mature Thin Film: A Comparison over Component Materials
Creators: name: Candelise, C.
name: Azzopardi, B.
name: Nelson, J.
name: Mutale, J.
name: Winskel, M.
name: Gross, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Taking Off: Large-scale Deployment
Programmes, Policies and Economics; National and International Initiatives Globally

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 5359-5365
description: Emerging organic-based thin film (TF) photovoltaic (PV) technologies (such as dye-sensitised – (DSSC),
organic-organic – (OPV) and organic-inorganic, also referred to as hybrid organic-based TFs) exhibit different characteristics
from more mature inorganic TF technologies (such as amorphous silicon – (a-Si), copper indium gallium diselenide – (CIGS)
and cadmium telluride – (CdTe)). They differ in terms of device concept, efficiencies and stability and, in some respect, in
the manufacturing process. Moreover, these TF technologies locate themselves at different points along the innovation chain
with inorganic TFs being a more mature technology already commercialised while organic-based TFs are still mostly at the
research and development stage. Nonetheless, TF technologies have a few things in common: use better light absorber
materials, have higher potential for cost reductions than conventional crystalline silicon technologies, are suitable for a wide
range of possible applications where deposition can be performed on various substrates including flexible ones and have
potential for more rapid manufacture and faster scale-up productions. Indeed, in the medium term these TF technologies
might end up competing against each other for the same niche markets (such as consumer products), and possibly for power
applications (such as Building Integrated PV systems – BIPV) in the longer term. However, increasing concerns for some
critical component materials scarcity, and consequent high price, coupled with the recent dramatic reductions in c-Si
production costs and price, have highlighted several challenges for TFs future cost reductions and market expansion. The
purpose of the paper is comparing the two TF PV technologies groups, indentifying possible common challenges in the
achievement of large scale production and cost reduction. In particular, component materials common to both inorganic and
organic-based TF technologies are identified. The potential impact of materials shortage and consequent price increase on
technologies development and deployment is explored and discussed.
Trends in Photovoltaic Applications - The Latest Survey Results on PV Market, Industry and Policies from the IEA PVPS Programme
Creators: name: Kaizuka, I.
name: Watt, G.
name: Hüsser, P.
name: Bründlinger, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Taking Off: Large-scale Deployment
Programmes, Policies and Economics; National and International Initiatives Globally

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 5366-5369
description: The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) is one of the collaborative R & D agreements
established within the IEA and, since 1993, its participants have been conducting a variety of joint projects (tasks)
concerning the applications of photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electricity. IEA PVPS Task 1 has the responsibility
to facilitate the exchange and dissemination of information on the technical, economic, environmental and social aspects of
photovoltaic power systems. An important deliverable of Task 1 is the annual Trends in photovoltaic applications report[1]. This
report gives information on trends in PV power applications in the PVPS member and other countries and is largely based on the
information provided in the national survey reports which are produced annually by the 21 participating countries. This paper
presents the latest available information from the 2010 round of surveys, compiled and analyzed, and includes the highlights of
market growth, public budgets, the industry supply chain, prices, economic benefits and support initiatives. This information
covers calendar year 2009 and is presented in greater detail in the 2010 Trends report.
Systematic Study of a-Ge:H and μc-Ge:H as Bottom Cell Absorber Material for Silicon Based High Efficiency Multi Junction Thin Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Feser, C.
name: Sergeev, O.
name: Geißendörfer, S.
name: Lacombe, J.
name: Kilper, T.
name: Von Maydell, K.
name: Agert, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2399-2402
description: In this contribution the growth conditions of microcrystalline and amorphous hydrogenated thin
germanium layers on glass substrates and their potential as a bottom structure in silicon based multi junction solar
cells is investigated. The absorption spectra of the thin germanium layers are several orders of magnitude higher than
that of microcrystalline and amorphous silicon. Thus, the film thickness for the absorber layer can be significantly
reduced compared to silicon thin films. By varying the deposition parameters like germane flow and total gas flow a
transition from amorphous to microcrystalline germanium growth regime can be detected. The phase change can also
be observed in dark conductivity measurements. Additionally to the growth experiments, first pin-solar cells are
presented using also the n- and p-type germanium as the contact layers. Finally, the potential for thin germanium
films used as bottom structures in tandem or triple junction solar cells is described.
Cooperative Interference Mitigation Algorithm in Heterogeneous Networks
Creators: name: Vu, Trung Kien
name: Kwon, Sungoh
name: Oh, Sangchul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Heterogeneous hetworks (HetNets) have been introduced as an emerging technology in order to meet the increasing demand for mobile data. HetNets are a combination of multi-layer networks such as macrocells and small cells. In such networks, users may suffer significant cross-layer interference. To manage this interference, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) techniques. Almost Blank SubFrame (ABSF) is one of the time-domain techniques used in eICIC solutions. We propose a dynamically optimal Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio (SINR)-based ABSF framework to ensure macro user performance while maintaining small user performance. We also study cooperative mechanisms to help small cells collaborate efficiently in order to reduce mutual interference. Simulations show that our proposed scheme achieves good performance and outperforms the existing ABSF frameworks.
description: key words: eICIC, ABSF, Interference Mitigation, Small Cell, HetNets, IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Communications, Copyright @2015 The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
Four Years Exploitation Analysis of the Hybrid Solar System in South-Eastern Poland Conditions
Creators: name: Olchowik, J.M.
name: Tomaszewski, R.
name: Adamczyk, J.
name: Gulkowski, S.
name: Cieslak, K.
name: Zabielski, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Engineering and System Integration

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3084-3087
description: This work concerns an experimental investigation of photovoltaic (PV) and photothermal (PT) hybrid systems during four year exploitation in south-eastern Poland conditions. Geographic position is the main criteria in choosing the most suitable renewable energy source. The very important issue in an effective use of solar cells structures is the ability of choosing the best working conditions in specific climatic areas of our globe. Our PV system has possibility to use heat of PT collectors to stabilize its point of work..
The analyzed system is composed of 1.8kWp PV solar modules and 20 kW PT solar collectors. One part of the system is fixed, the second one follows the sun. The influence of the solar tracking system on the flat plate modules photovoltaic power generation in the area of Lublin region has been carried out. The measurements were ranged over the time of the years 2004- 2007.
The realm of the Galactic globular clusters and the mass of their primordial clouds
Creators: name: Tenorio-Tagle, Guillermo
name: Munoz-Tunon, Casiana
name: Cassisi, Santi
name: Silich, Sergiy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By adopting the empirical constraints related to the estimates of Helium enhancement ($ΔY$), present mass ratio between first and second stellar generations ($M_{1G}/M_{2G}$) and the actual mass of Galactic globular clusters ($M_{GC}$), we envisage a possible scenario for the formation of these stellar systems. Our approach allows for the possible loss of stars through evaporation or tidal interactions and different star formation efficiencies. In our approach the star formation efficiency of the first generation ($ε_{1G}$) is the central factor that links the stellar generations as it not only defines both the mass in stars of the first generation and the remaining mass available for further star formation, but it also fixes the amount of matter required to contaminate the second stellar generation. In this way, $ε_{1G}$ is fully defined by the He enhancement between successive generations in a GC. We also show that globular clusters fit well within a $ΔY$ {\it vs} $M_{1G}/M_{2G}$ diagram which indicates three different evolutionary paths. The central one is for clusters that have not loss stars, through tidal interactions, from either of their stellar generations, and thus their present $M_{GC}$ value is identical to the amount of low mass stars ($M_* \le$ 1 M$_\odot$) that resulted from both stellar generations. Other possible evolutions imply either the loss of first generation stars or the combination of a low star formation efficiency in the second stellar generation and/or a loss of stars from the second generation. From these considerations we derive a lower limit to the mass ($M_{tot}$) of the individual primordial clouds that gave origin to globular clusters.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Fabrication of Novel Structure a-Si1-xOx:H/a-Si:H/µc-Si:H Triple-Junction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Inthisang, S.
name: Janthong, B.
name: Sichanugrist, P.
name: Konagai, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2392-2394
description: We have developed novel structure a-Si1-xOx:H/a-Si:H/μc-Si:H triple-junction solar cells with the Eff target of
around 14%. Firstly, we optimized the fabrication condition of a-Si1-xOx:H single-junction solar cells for an
application to the top cell. Our best result showed a high Voc of 1.059 V ( Jsc = 9.85 mA/cm2, FF = 0.69 and Eff =
7.2% ) when the a-Si1-xOx:H material was used in p, buffer and i layers. The achievement of high Voc for the top
cells indicated that the effective built-in potential (Vb) was improved due to the wided optical bandgap (Eopt) of ilayer
as well as the high potential barrier at the p/i interface from wider Eopt of p-layer. Secondly, we fabricated
a-Si1-xOx:H/a-Si:H tandem solar cells and the high Voc of 1.94 V (Jsc = 7.92 mA/cm2, FF = 0.71 and Eff = 10.9%)
was achieved. Finally, we fabricated a-Si1-xOx:H/a-Si:H/μc-Si:H triple-junction solar cells. Up to now, we have
achieved the high Voc of 2.41 V ( Jsc = 6.91 mA/cm2, FF = 0.70 and Eff = 11.6% ). However, in order to reach the
target, it is necessary to optimize Eopt of the middle cell as well as the reflectance of each intermediate layers.
High Volume Industrial PECVD System for In-Line Deposition of SiN:H on Solar Wafers
Creators: name: Stroisch, M.
name: Heintze, M.
name: Kähler, J.-D.
name: Dahl, R.
name: Wanka, H.
name: Fath, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2190-2192
description: We present new industrial production tool for depositing anti-reflective layers on silicon solar cells.
These films also provide excellent passivation of bulk defects in multicrystalline wafer material as well as surface
passivation on monocrystalline silicon wafers. Based on well-proven centrotherm PECVD technology, we developed
an in-line-system, which may be configured to meet the high throughput requirements of future production lines.