cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Triboelectric Charging Model for Particles with Rough Surfaces
Creators: name: Jantač, Simon
name: Pelcová, Jarmila
name: Sklenářová, Jana
name: Drápela, Marek
name: Grosshans, Holger
name: Kosek, Juraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The triboelectric charging of particles depends on the contact area of the particle and the contacting surface. Even though the surface topology determines the real contact area, particle charging models do not account for surface roughness. In this paper, we combine contact mechanics and triboelectrification models to predict the charging of rough particles. First, a laser confocal microscope measured the statistical descriptors of polyethylene (PE) particles surface topology. Then, we descriptors particle surfaces by distributing spheroidal asperities on the smooth particle core until the surface roughness reaches the measured value. The Hertz contact mechanics model predicts the deformation of the asperity-covered particle and the resulting real contact area in dependence on impact velocity. Finally, we introduced the real contact area into the condenser model for triboelectric particle charging. The accuracy of the new model predictions was demonstrated by comparing it to a more complex surface reconstructions that account for the fractal surface topology. Furthermore, the model's predicted particle saturation charges agree well with our shaker experiments and with experimental data in the literature on the charging of plane surfaces. The developed triboelectric charging model for particles with rough surfaces is simple and requires only standard descriptors of the surface topology; thus, it suits large-scale simulations of electrifying powder flows.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Thomason filtration via $T(1)$-local $\mathrm{TC}$
Creators: name: Kim, Hyungseop
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct a natural filtration on $T(1)$-local $\mathrm{TC}$ for any animated commutative rings using prismatic cohomology and descent theory. In the course of the construction, we also study some general properties of prismatic cohomology complexes over perfect prisms after inverting distinguished generators. The construction is intrinsic to $\mathrm{TC}$ and recovers Thomason's spectral sequence for $T(1)$-local algebraic K-theory via the cyclotomic trace map; as a consequence, we also recover the étale comparison for prismatic cohomology.
description: v3: accepted version, 40 pages; v2: Major updates including new constructions and extensions to all animated commutative rings. Added comparison with the \'etale Postnikov filtration from algebraic K-theory side and a consequent \'etale comparison
17P/Holmes: Contrast in activity between before and after the 2007 outburst
Creators: name: Ishiguro, Masateru
name: Kim, Yoonyoung
name: Warjurkar, Dhanraj S.
name: Ham, Ji-Beom
name: Pyo, Jeonghyun
name: Kuroda, Daisuke
name: Ootsubo, Takafumi
name: Sakamoto, Makoto
name: Narusawa, Shin-ya
name: Takahashi, Jun
name: Akisawa, Hiroki
name: Watanabe, Jun-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Jupiter-family comet, 17P/Holmes, underwent outbursts in 1892 and 2007. In particular, the 2007 outburst is known as the greatest outburst over the past century. However, little is known about the activity before the outburst because it was unpredicted. In addition, the time evolution of the nuclear physical status has not been systematically studied. Here we study the activity of 17P/Holmes before and after the 2007 outburst through optical and mid-infrared observations. We found that the nucleus highly depleted its near-surface icy component before but became activated after the 2007 outburst. Assuming a conventional 1-um-sized grain model, we derived a surface fractional active area of 0.58% +- 0.14% before the outburst whereas it was enlarged by a factor of ~50 after the 2007 outburst. We also found that large (>=1 mm) particles could be dominant in the dust tail observed around aphelion. Based on the size of the particles, the dust production rate was >=170 kg/s at the heliocentric distance rh = 4.1 AU, suggesting that the nucleus still held active status around the aphelion passage. The nucleus color was similar to that of the dust particles and average for a Jupiter-family comet but different from most Kuiper Belt objects, implying that the color may be inherent to icy bodies in the solar system. On the basis of these results, we concluded that more than 76 m surface materials were blown off by the 2007 outburst.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for the publication of Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of [13N]ammonia positron emission tomography as a potential method for quantifying glutamine synthetase activity in the human brain
Creators: name: Egerton, Alice
name: Dunn, Joel T.
name: Singh, Nisha
name: Zilin Yu
name: O’Doherty, Jim
name: Koychev, Ivan
name: Webb, Jessica
name: Claridge, Simon
name: Turkheimer, Federico E.
name: Marsden, Paul K.
name: Hammers, Alexander
name: Gee, Antony
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Information.
The Interstellar Medium and Star Formation in Local Galaxies: Variations of the Star Formation Law in Simulations
Creators: name: Becerra, Fernando
name: Escala, Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Adaptive Mesh Refinement code Enzo to model the interstellar medium in isolated local disk galaxies. The simulation includes a treatment for star formation and stellar feedback. We get a highly supersonic turbulent disk, which is fragmented at multiple scales and characterized by a multi-phase interstellar medium. We show that a Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation only holds when averaging over large scales. However, values of star formation rates and gas surface densities lie close in the plot for any averaging size. This suggests an intrinsic relation between stars and gas at cell-size scales, which dominates over the global dynamical evolution. To investigate this effect, we develop a method to simulate the creation of stars based on the density field from the snapshots, without running the code again. We also investigate how the star formation law is affected by the characteristic star formation timescale, the density threshold and the efficiency considered in the recipe. We find that the slope of the law might vary from ~1.4 for a free-fall timescale, to ~1.0 for a constant depletion timescale. We further demonstrate that a power-law is recovered just by assuming that the mass of the new stars is a fraction of the mass of the cell $m_\star=ερ_{\rm gas}Δx^3$, with no other physical criteria required. We show that both efficiency and density threshold do not affect the slope, but the right combination of them can adjust the normalization of the relation, which in turn could explain a possible bi-modality in the law.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures. Replaced to match published version in ApJ
title: Algebraic aggregation of random forests
title: towards explainability and rapid evaluation
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Gossen, Frederik
name: Steffen, Bernhard
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Random forest
subject: Algebraic decision diagram
subject: Aggregation
subject: Explainability
subject: Interpretability
subject: Running time optimisation
subject: Memory optimisation
subject: 004
subject: Entscheidungsgraph
subject: Aggregation
subject: Laufzeit
subject: Erklärung
subject: Klassifikator
subject: Speicher
subject: Optimierung

description: Random Forests are one of the most popular classifiers in machine learning. The larger they are, the more precise the outcome of their predictions. However, this comes at a cost: it is increasingly difficult to understand why a Random Forest made a specific choice, and its running time for classification grows linearly with the size (number of trees). In this paper, we propose a method to aggregate large Random Forests into a single, semantically equivalent decision diagram which has the following two effects: (1) minimal, sufficient explanations for Random Forest-based classifications can be obtained by means of a simple three step reduction, and (2) the running time is radically improved. In fact, our experiments on various popular datasets show speed-ups of several orders of magnitude, while, at the same time, also significantly reducing the size of the required data structure.
description: International journal on software tools for technology transfer;Vol. 23. 2021, Art. Nr. 635
Statistics of reversible transitions in two-state trajectories in force-ramp spectroscopy
Creators: name: Diezemann, Gregor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A possible way to extract information about the reversible dissociation of a molecular adhesion bond from force fluctuations observed in force ramp experiments is discussed. For small loading rates the system undergoes a limited number of unbinding and rebinding transitions observable in the so-called force versus extension (FE) curves. The statistics of these transient fluctuations can be utilized to estimate the parameters for the rebinding rate. This is relevant in the experimentally important situation where the direct observation of the reversed FE-curves is hampered, e.g. due to the presence of soft linkers. I generalize the stochastic theory of the kinetics in two-state models to the case of time-dependent kinetic rates and compute the relevant distributions of characteristic forces. While for irreversible systems there is an intrinsic relation between the rupture force distribution and the population of the free-energy well of the bound state, the situation is slightly more complex if reversible systems are considered. For a two-state model, a 'stationary' rupture force distribution that is proportional to the population can be defined and allows to consistently discuss quantities averaged over the transient fluctuations. While irreversible systems are best analyzed in the soft spring limit of small pulling device stiffness and large loading rates, here I argue to use the stiffness of the pulling device as a control parameter in addition to the loading rate.
description: revised version, 19 pages, 9 figures
Accelerating Transformer Inference for Translation via Parallel Decoding
Creators: name: Santilli, Andrea
name: Severino, Silvio
name: Postolache, Emilian
name: Maiorca, Valentino
name: Mancusi, Michele
name: Marin, Riccardo
name: Rodolà, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autoregressive decoding limits the efficiency of transformers for Machine Translation (MT). The community proposed specific network architectures and learning-based methods to solve this issue, which are expensive and require changes to the MT model, trading inference speed at the cost of the translation quality. In this paper, we propose to address the problem from the point of view of decoding algorithms, as a less explored but rather compelling direction. We propose to reframe the standard greedy autoregressive decoding of MT with a parallel formulation leveraging Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel fixed-point iteration methods for fast inference. This formulation allows to speed up existing models without training or modifications while retaining translation quality. We present three parallel decoding algorithms and test them on different languages and models showing how the parallelization introduces a speedup up to 38% w.r.t. the standard autoregressive decoding and nearly 2x when scaling the method on parallel resources. Finally, we introduce a decoding dependency graph visualizer (DDGviz) that let us see how the model has learned the conditional dependence between tokens and inspect the decoding procedure.
description: Accepted at ACL 2023 main conference
A Trust Model Based Analysis of Social Networks
Creators: name: Nepal, Surya
name: Paris, Cecile
name: Bista, Sanat Kumar
name: Sherchan, Wanita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we analyse the sustainability of social networks using STrust, our social trust model. The novelty of the model is that it introduces the concept of engagement trust and combines it with the popularity trust to derive the social trust of the community as well as of individual members in the community. This enables the recommender system to use these different types of trust to recommend different things to the community, and identify (and recommend) different roles. For example, it recommends mentors using the engagement trust and leaders using the popularity trust. We then show the utility of the model by analysing data from two types of social networks. We also study the sustainability of a community through our social trust model. We observe that a 5% drop in highly trusted members causes more than a 50% drop in social capital that, in turn, raises the question of sustainability of the community. We report our analysis and its results.
Belief does not entail a reasoning disposition
Creators: name: Wimmer, Simon
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Belief
subject: Reasoning disposition
subject: Philosophy of mind
subject: 100

description: Are there any dispositions one must have if one believes p? A widespread answer emphasizes the role of beliefs in reasoning and holds that if one believes p, one must be disposed to treat p as true (rely on p/use p as a premise) in one’s reasoning. I argue that this answer is subject to counterexamples.
description: Synthese;Vol. 199. 2021, pp 14975–14991
Interaction and collision of skyrmions in chiral antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Theodorou, George
name: Barton-Singer, Bruno
name: Komineas, Stavros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Skyrmions in an antiferromagnet can travel as solitary waves in stark contrast to the situation in ferromagnets. Traveling skyrmion solutions have been found numerically in chiral antiferromagnets. We study head-on collision events between two skyrmions. We find that the result of the collision depends on the initial velocity of the skyrmions. For small velocities, the skyrmions shrink as they approach, then bounce back and eventually acquire almost their initial speed. For larger velocities, the skyrmions approach each other and shrink until they become singular points at some finite separation and are eventually annihilated. Considering skyrmion energetics, we can determine the regimes of the different dynamical behaviors. Using a collective co-ordinate approach, we reproduce the dynamics of the collisions including the variation of the size of the skyrmions and collapse above a critical velocity.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Application of interpolation methods for the determination of position-dependent frequency response functions for the simulation of 5-axis milling processes
Creators: name: Wilck, Ines
name: Wirtz, Andreas
name: Biermann, Dirk
name: Wiederkehr, Petra
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chatter
subject: Dynamics
subject: Simulation
subject: 620
subject: 670
subject: Spanende Bearbeitung
subject: Fräsmaschine
subject: NC-Fräsen
subject: Maschinenschwingung
subject: Geometrische Modellierung
subject: Frequenzgang
subject: Dynamik
subject: Simulation

description: The occurrence of chatter vibrations in 5-axis milling processes is a common problem and can result in part failure, surface defects and increased wear of the cutting tool and the machine tool. In order to prevent process vibrations, machining processes can be optimized by utilizing geometric physically-based simulation systems. Since the modal parameters of the machine tool are dependent on the position of the linear and rotary axes, the dynamic behavior of milling processes can change along the NC path despite constant engagement conditions. In order to model the pose-dependent modal properties at the tool tip, the frequency response functions (FRFs) were measured at different locations of the workspace of the machine tool for various poses of the rotary axis of the spindle. To take the varying compliance within the workspace of a machine tool into account in a geometric physically-based milling process simulation, different interpolation methods for interpolating FRFs or parameter values of oscillator-based compliance models (OPV) were applied. For validation, the resulting models were analyzed and compared to measured data. In OPV interpolation, the individual oscillation modes were interpolated in their respective characteristics based on the oscillator parameters (eigenfrequencies, modal masses and damping values). In FRF interpolation, however, there was no differentiation between the modes, resulting in a wrong interpolation. It can therefore provide good results when only a small shift of the eigenfrequencies is expected, as in case of the analyzed machine tool, with only small movements of the translatory axes.
description: Production engineering;Vol. 16. 2022, pp 135-144
How nonlinear interactions challenge the three-dimensional Anderson transition
Creators: name: Cherroret, Nicolas
name: Vermersch, Benoît
name: Garreau, Jean Claude
name: Delande, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In disordered systems, our present understanding of the Anderson transition is hampered by the possible presence of interactions between particles. We demonstrate that in boson gases, even weak interactions deeply alter the very nature of the Anderson transition. While there still exists a critical point in the system, below that point a novel phase appears, displaying a new critical exponent, subdiffusive transport and a breakdown of the one-parameter scaling description of Anderson localization.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Ethnopharmakognosie und Nobelpreis
Creators: name: Saber, Nour
Year: 2022

description: Die Geschichte südafrikanischer Drogen aus der Sammlung des Schweizer Nobelpreisträgers und Chemikers Tadeus Reichstein (1897 - 1996) am Department für pharmazeutische Wissenschaften an der Universität Wien wird analysiert. Reichstein wurde für seine Forschungen und für seinen pharmazeutischen Lehrstuhl von der pharmazeutischen Industrie finanziert. Er ordnete Expeditionen (1947 und 1950) an, um ursprünglich eine Strophanthus-Art zu finden, die ebenfalls von der Pharmafirma finanziell vergütet wurden. Durch die Expeditionen und eigenen Reisen ist die Sammlung zustande gekommen und es ist vermerkt, dass die Strophanthus-Drogen eine Minderzahl darstellt. Der Großteil sind andere Pflanzen, die in der einheimischen Volksmedizin im Einsatz sind und herzaktive Glykoside beinhalten. Im Hintergrund waren bei der Findung bestimmter Drogen Einheimische beteiligt, deren Biografie aus den Quellen von Reichstein und seinen Vermittlern ausgeblendet wurde. Die historische Zurückverfolgung des Weges der Drogen sowie der Ursprungspflanze mit Fokus auf die zeitgenössischen Schriften vermerkt, dass jede dieser Pflanzen schon viel früher unter verschiedenen indigenen Gemeinschaften in Verwendung und das Wissen um ihren medizinischen Nutzen lange vor der europäischen Entdeckung bekannt war. Durch Kommunikationsprozesse, nämlich der Tätigkeiten von Missionaren und Naturforschern, konnte über die ethnisch-rassischen Grenzen aus der Apartheid-Ära und der vorkolonialen Periode hinweg das Wissen um die potenziellen Heilwirkungen einzelner Medizinal-Pflanzen zirkulieren, erreichte die Kolonialisten sowie Reichstein und sein Team. Da einheimische Volksgemeinschaften als aktive historische Akteure durch zeitgenössische Diskriminierungen und durch die Etablierung der Kolonialarchive ausgeblendet wurden, erscheint es herausfordernd, sich vollends vom eurozentristischen Blickwinkel zu emanzipieren, weil die Narrative jener Zeit von Kolonialisten gelenkt worden sind. Eine fokussierte historische Analyse ihrer Werke führt - trotz aller Verdrängungen - zurück zur Volksmedizin. Die Erforschung von ‚Pflanzen‘ aus dieser Volksmedizin und im Interesse daraus potenzielle Phytopharmaka für die Wirkstoffforschung und Entwicklung erforschen zu wollen bedeutet 'Ethnopharmakognosie'
Additional file 1 of A qualitative exploration of two risk calculators using video-recorded NHS health check consultations
Creators: name: Riley, Victoria
name: Ellis, Naomi J.
name: Cowap, Lisa
name: Grogan, Sarah
name: Cottrell, Elizabeth
name: Crone, Diane
name: Chambers, Ruth
name: Clark-Carter, David
name: Fedorowicz, Sophia
name: Gidlow, Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Material 1. Original PMT Deductive Coding Table.
Mixing-Demixing Phase Diagram for Simple Liquids in Non-Uniform Electric Fields
Creators: name: Galanis, Jennifer
name: Tsori, Yoav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We deduce the mixing-demixing phase diagram for binary liquid mixtures in an electric field for various electrode geometries and arbitrary constitutive relation for the dielectric constant. By focusing on the behavior of the liquid-liquid interface, we produce simple analytic expressions for the dependence of the interface location on experimental parameters. We also show that the phase diagram contains regions where liquid separation cannot occur under any applied field. The analytic expression for the boundary "electrostatic binodal" line reveals that the regions' size and shape depend strongly on the dielectric relation between the liquids. Moreover, we predict the existence of an "electrostatic spinodal" line that identifies conditions where the liquids are in a metastable state. We finally construct the phase diagram for closed systems by mapping solutions onto those of an open system via an effective liquid composition. For closed systems at a fixed temperature and mixture composition, liquid separation occurs in a finite "window" of surface potential (or charge density). Larger potentials or charge densities counterintuitively destroy the interface, leading to liquid mixing. These results give valuable guides for experiments by providing easily testable predictions for how liquids behave in non-uniform electric fields.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Weil-Châtelet divisible elements in Tate-Shafarevich groups II: On a question of Cassels
Creators: name: Çiperiani, Mirela
name: Stix, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G05, 11G10, 11R34

description: For an abelian variety A over a number field k we discuss the divisibility in H^1(k,A) of elements of the subgroup Sha(A/k). The results are most complete for elliptic curves over Q.
description: 25 pages, this is part II of the original manuscript arXiv:1106.4255v1 that was split in two parts. Part I is now arXiv:1106.4255v2. To appear in: Journal f\"ur die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik
Additional file 1 of Addressing sickness absence among adolescents and young adults: an evaluation of the Medical Advice for Sick-reported Students intervention
Creators: name: Toren, Suzanne J. Van Den
name: Franse, Carmen B.
name: Vanneste, Yvonne T. M.
name: Bannink, Rienke
name: Lugtenberg, Marjolein
name: Mulder, Wico C.
name: Kroon, Marlou L. A. De
name: Grieken, Amy Van
name: Raat, Hein
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table A1. Non-response to follow-up analysis on socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics (N = 508). Table A1 in Additional file 1 shows the comparison of participants who completed both the baseline and follow-up questionnaire with participants who did not reply to the follow-up questionnaire. Those who did not reply to the follow-up questionnaire were more often male (p
Diverse, massive-star-associated sources for elements heavier than Fe and the roles of neutrinos
Creators: name: Qian, Yong-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive-star-associated models for production of elements heavier than Fe are reviewed. The important roles of neutrinos in many of these models are discussed along with uncertainties in the relevant neutrino physics. Data on elemental abundances in metal-poor stars are presented and their constraints on diverse sources for elements heavier than Fe are emphasized.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Journal of Physics G Focus issue on "Nucleosynthesis and the role of neutrinos"
Additional file 2 of Addressing sickness absence among adolescents and young adults: an evaluation of the Medical Advice for Sick-reported Students intervention
Creators: name: Toren, Suzanne J. Van Den
name: Franse, Carmen B.
name: Vanneste, Yvonne T. M.
name: Bannink, Rienke
name: Lugtenberg, Marjolein
name: Mulder, Wico C.
name: Kroon, Marlou L. A. De
name: Grieken, Amy Van
name: Raat, Hein
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table A2. Differences between intervention and control condition at baseline and follow-up for secondary outcomes (N = 200). Table A2 in Additional file 2 shows the differences between the study conditions at both time measurements for secondary outcome indicators. At follow-up, the intervention condition had fewer depressive symptoms (p = 0.003) and a higher mental health-related quality of life (p = 0.012) than the control condition. No other differences were observed (p > 0.05).
A thermodynamically consistent quasi-particle model without density-dependent infinity of the vacuum zero point energy
Creators: name: Luo, Liu-jun
name: Cao, Jing
name: Yan, Yan
name: Sun, Wei-Min
name: Zong, Hong-Shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we generalize the improved quasi-particle model proposed in J. Cao et al., [ Phys. Lett. B {\bf711}, 65 (2012)] from finite temperature and zero chemical potential to the case of finite chemical potential and zero temperature, and calculate the equation of state (EOS) for (2+1) flavor Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at zero temperature and high density. We first calculate the partition function at finite temperature and chemical potential, then go to the limit $T=0$ and obtain the equation of state (EOS) for cold and dense QCD, which is important for the study of neutron stars. Furthermore, we use this EOS to calculate the quark-number density, the energy density, the quark-number susceptibility and the speed of sound at zero temperature and finite chemical potential and compare our results with the corresponding ones in the existing literature.
Self-testing in prepare-and-measure scenarios and a robust version of Wigner's theorem
Creators: name: Navascues, Miguel
name: Pál, Károly F.
name: Vértesi, Tamás
name: Araújo, Mateus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider communication scenarios where one party sends quantum states of known dimensionality $D$, prepared with an untrusted apparatus, to another, distant party, who probes them with uncharacterized measurement devices. We prove that, for any ensemble of reference pure quantum states, there exists one such prepare-and-measure scenario and a linear functional $W$ on its observed measurement probabilities, such that $W$ can only be maximized if the preparations coincide with the reference states, modulo a unitary or an anti-unitary transformation. In other words, prepare-and-measure scenarios allow one to "self-test" arbitrary ensembles of pure quantum states. Arbitrary extreme $D$-dimensional quantum measurements, or sets thereof, can be similarly self-tested. Our results rely on a robust generalization of Wigner's theorem, a well-known result in particle physics that characterizes physical symmetries.
description: v3: Close to published version. v4: Additional typos fixed
Charge transport in two dimensions limited by strong short-range scatterers: Going beyond parabolic dispersion and Born approximation
Creators: name: Sopik, Bretislav
name: Kailasvuori, Janik
name: Trushin, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the conductivity of charge carriers confined to a two-dimensional system with the non-parabolic dispersion $k^N$ with $N$ being an arbitrary natural number. A delta-shaped scattering potential is assumed as the major source of disorder. We employ the exact solution of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation to derive an analytical Boltzmann conductivity formula valid for an arbitrary scattering potential strength. The range of applicability of our analytical results is assessed by a numerical study based on the finite size Kubo formula. We find that for any $N>1$, the conductivity demonstrates a linear dependence on the carrier concentration in the limit of a strong scattering potential strength. This finding agrees with the conductivity measurements performed recently on chirally stacked multilayer graphene where the lowest two bands are non-parabolic and the adsorbed hydrocarbons might act as strong short-range scatterers.
description: Substantially revised version, as accepted to PRB: 8 pages, 3 figures
Error Mitigation of BQP Computations using Measurement-Based Verification
Creators: name: Harris, Joseph
name: Kashefi, Elham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a modular error mitigation protocol for running $\mathsf{BQP}$ computations on a quantum computer with time-dependent noise. Utilising existing tools from quantum verification and measurement-based quantum computation, our protocol interleaves standard computation rounds alongside test rounds for noise sampling and inherits an exponential bound (in the number of circuit runs) on the probability that a returned classical output is correct. We introduce a post-selection technique called \textit{basketing} to address time-dependent noise and reduce overhead. The result is an error mitigation protocol which requires minimal noise assumptions, making it straightforwardly implementable on existing, NISQ devices. We perform a demonstration of the protocol using classical noisy simulation, presenting a universal measurement pattern which directly maps to (and can be tiled on) the heavy-hex layout of current IBM hardware.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
On-demand generation of indistinguishable polarization-entangled photon pairs
Creators: name: Müller, Markus
name: Bounouar, Samir
name: Jöns, Klaus D.
name: Michler, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An on-demand source of indistinguishable and entangled photon pairs is a fundamental component for different quantum information applications such as optical quantum computing, quantum repeaters, quantum teleportation and quantum communication. Parametric down-conversion and four-wave mixing sources of entangled photons have shown high degrees of entanglement and indistinguishability but the probabilistic nature of their generation process also creates zero or multiple photon pairs following a Poissonian distribution. This limits their use in complex algorithms where many qubits and gate operations are required. Here we show simultaneously ultra-high purity (g^(2)(0) < 0.004), high entanglement fidelity (0.81 +/- 0.02), high two-photon interference non-post selective visibilities (0.86 +/- 0.03 and 0.71 +/- 0.04) and on-demand generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs from a single semiconductor quantum dot. Through a two-photon resonant excitation scheme, the biexciton population is deterministically prepared by a Pi-pulse. Applied on a quantum dot showing no exciton fine structure splitting, this results in the deterministic generation of indistinguishable entangled photon pairs.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
title: Das UN-Kaufrecht in internationalen Beschaffungsverträgen des Anlagenbaus aus dem Blickwinkel von deutschen Anlagenbauern und deren Zulieferbetrieben
Creators: name: Eder, Herbert
Year: 2022

description: Der deutsche Anlagenbau weist eine starke Internationalisierung auf. Auch bei der Beschaffung von Vormaterialien oder Anlagekomponenten bedient man sich eines globalen Marktes. Da es sich hierbei zumeist um den internationalen Kauf von Waren handelt, wäre es naheliegend, wenn man sich bei der Vertragsgestaltung dem Regime des UN-Kaufrechts (CISG) unterwerfen würde. Jedoch zeigt die Praxis, dass der überwiegende Teil der Anlagenbauer das CISG in seinen Verträgen explizit abbedingt. Diese Arbeit untersucht die dafür einschlägigen Gründe, die in der spezifischen Marktstellung des Anlagenbauers, dem individuellen Informationsstand der Anwender und in materiellrechtlichen Schwächen des CISG in Bezug auf den Anlagenbau verortet werden konnten. Aus dieser Analyse resultierende Handlungsempfehlungen unterstreichen den starken Praxisbezug dieser Arbeit.
description: German plant engineering is strongly internationalized. A global market is also used for the procurement of primary materials or plant components. Since procurement is mostly related to the international purchase of goods, it would be obvious to apply the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) accordingly. However, practice shows that the majority of plant manufacturers explicitly excludes the CISG in their contracts. This thesis examines the relevant reasons for this circumstance, which could be located in the specific market position of the plant manufacturer, the individual level of information of the users and in weaknesses of substantive elements of the CISG with regard to plant construction. The resulting recommendations for action underline the strong practical relevance of this work.
Axionic Dark Radiation and the Milky Way's Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Fairbairn, Malcolm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it has been suggested that dark radiation in the form of axions produced during the decay of string theory moduli fields could be responsible for the soft x-ray excess in galaxy clusters. These soft X-ray photons come about due to the conversion of these axions into photons in the magnetic fields of the clusters. In this work we calculate the conversion of axionic dark radiation into X-ray photons in the magnetic field of our own Galaxy. We consider Delta N ~ 0.5 worth of dark radiation made up of axions with energy of order 0.1-1 keV. We show that it is possible, if a little optimistic, to explain the large regions of X-ray emission located above and below the centre of the Galactic plane detected in the 3/4 keV ROSAT all sky map completely due to the conversion of dark radiation into photons with an inverse axion-photon coupling of M ~ 3e13 GeV and an axion mass of m < 1e-12 eV. Different parameter values could explain both these features and the 3/4 keV X-ray background. More conservatively, these X-ray observations are a good way to constrain such models of axionic dark radiation.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
CD-CTFM: A Lightweight CNN-Transformer Network for Remote Sensing Cloud Detection Fusing Multiscale Features
Creators: name: Ge, Wenxuan
name: Yang, Xubing
name: Zhang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Clouds in remote sensing images inevitably affect information extraction, which hinder the following analysis of satellite images. Hence, cloud detection is a necessary preprocessing procedure. However, the existing methods have numerous calculations and parameters. In this letter, a lightweight CNN-Transformer network, CD-CTFM, is proposed to solve the problem. CD-CTFM is based on encoder-decoder architecture and incorporates the attention mechanism. In the decoder part, we utilize a lightweight network combing CNN and Transformer as backbone, which is conducive to extract local and global features simultaneously. Moreover, a lightweight feature pyramid module is designed to fuse multiscale features with contextual information. In the decoder part, we integrate a lightweight channel-spatial attention module into each skip connection between encoder and decoder, extracting low-level features while suppressing irrelevant information without introducing many parameters. Finally, the proposed model is evaluated on two cloud datasets, 38-Cloud and MODIS. The results demonstrate that CD-CTFM achieves comparable accuracy as the state-of-art methods. At the same time, CD-CTFM outperforms state-of-art methods in terms of efficiency.
description: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2024
Study of the $D^*ρ$ system using QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Torres, A. Martinez
name: Khemchandani, K. P.
name: Nielsen, M.
name: Navarra, F. S.
name: Oset, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk I present a study of the $D^* ρ$ system made by using the method of QCD sum rules. Considering isospin and spin projectors, we investigate the different configurations and obtain three $D^*$ mesons with isospin $I=1/2$, spin $S=0$, $1$, $2$ and with masses $2500\pm 67$ MeV, $2523\pm60$ MeV, and $2439\pm119$ MeV, respectively. The last state can be related to $D^*_2(2460)$ (spin 2) listed by the Particle Data Group, while one of the first two might be associated with $D^*(2640)$, whose spin-parity is unknown. In the case of $I=3/2$ we also find evidences of three states with spin 0, 1 and 2, respectively, with masses $2467\pm82$ MeV, $2420\pm128$ MeV, and $2550\pm56$ MeV.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of the XXXVI Reuni\~ao de Trabalho sobre F\'isica Nuclear no Brasil, Maresias, S\~ao Paulo, Brazil
Additional file 3 of Addressing sickness absence among adolescents and young adults: an evaluation of the Medical Advice for Sick-reported Students intervention
Creators: name: Toren, Suzanne J. Van Den
name: Franse, Carmen B.
name: Vanneste, Yvonne T. M.
name: Bannink, Rienke
name: Lugtenberg, Marjolein
name: Mulder, Wico C.
name: Kroon, Marlou L. A. De
name: Grieken, Amy Van
name: Raat, Hein
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table A3. The association of study condition with secondary outcome measures. Table A3 in Additional file 3 shows the association of study condition with secondary outcome indicators. Participants in the intervention condition showed a decrease of depressive symptoms compared with those in the control condition (β = − 4.11, 95% CI = -7.06;-1.17, p = 0.01). No other differences were observed (p > 0.05).
Thermal States on Mittag-Leffler Fock Space of the Slitted Plane
Creators: name: Alpay, Natanael
name: John, Tiju Cherian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 33E12, 30H20, 30G30, 81P16, 81R30

description: Number states and thermal states form an important class of physical states in quantum theory. A mathematical framework for studying these states is that of a Fock space over an appropriate Hilbert space. Several generalizations of the usual Bosonic Fock space have appeared recently due to their importance in many areas of mathematics and other scientific domains. One of the most prominent generalization of Fock spaces is the Mittag-Leffler (ML) Fock space of the slitted plane. Natural generalizations of the basic operators of quantum theory can be obtained on ML Fock spaces. Following the construction of the creation and annihilation operators in the Mittag-Leffler Fock space of the slitted plane by Rosenfeld, Russo, and Dixon, (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 463, 2, 2018). We construct and study the number states and thermal states on the ML Fock space of the slitted plane. Thermal states on usual Fock space form an important subclass of the so called quantum gaussian states, an analogous theory of more general quantum states (like squeezed states and Bell states) on ML Fock spaces is an area open for further exploration.
The MYStIX InfraRed-Excess Source Catalog
Creators: name: Povich, Matthew S.
name: Kuhn, Michael A.
name: Getman, Konstantin V.
name: Busk, Heather A.
name: Feigelson, Eric D.
name: Broos, Patrick S.
name: Townsley, Leisa K.
name: King, Robert R.
name: Naylor, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MYStIX project (Massive Young Star-Forming Complex Study in Infrared and X-rays) provides a comparative study of 20 Galactic massive star-forming complexes (d = 0.4 to 3.6 kpc). Probable stellar members in each target complex are identified using X-ray and/or infrared data via two pathways: (1) X-ray detections of young/massive stars with coronal activity/strong winds; or (2) infrared excess (IRE) selection of young stellar objects (YSOs) with circumstellar disks and/or protostellar envelopes. We present the methodology for the second pathway, using Spitzer/IRAC, 2MASS, and UKIRT imaging and photometry. Although IRE selection of YSOs is welltrodden territory, MYStIX presents unique challenges. We combine IR spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting with IR color cuts and spatial clustering analysis to identify IRE sources and isolate probable YSO members in each MYStIX target field from the myriad types of contaminating sources that can resemble YSOs: extragalactic sources, evolved stars, nebular knots, and even unassociated foreground/background YSOs. Applying our methodology consistently across 18 of the target complexes, we produce the MYStIX IRE Source (MIRES) Catalog comprising 20,719 sources, including 8686 probable stellar members of the MYStIX target complexes. We also classify the SEDs of 9365 IR counterparts to MYStIX X-ray sources to assist the first pathway, the identification of X-ray detected stellar members. The MIRES catalog provides a foundation for follow-up studies of diverse phenomena related to massive star cluster formation, including protostellar outflows, circumstellar disks, and sequential star formation triggered by massive star feedback processes.
description: 67 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Supplements (with 6 other MYStIX papers). Complete versions of all MYStIX papers are available at http://www.astro.psu.edu/mystix
Additional file 2 of A qualitative exploration of two risk calculators using video-recorded NHS health check consultations
Creators: name: Riley, Victoria
name: Ellis, Naomi J.
name: Cowap, Lisa
name: Grogan, Sarah
name: Cottrell, Elizabeth
name: Crone, Diane
name: Chambers, Ruth
name: Clark-Carter, David
name: Fedorowicz, Sophia
name: Gidlow, Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Material 2. Final PMT Deductive Coding Table (following inductive coding including examples).
Vitae XII Caesarum; M.ccclxxxviij. septimo calendas Martias
Creators: name: Suetonius Tranquillus, Gaius
name: Pasqualis, Simon
name: Ausonius, Decimus Magnus
name: Beroaldo, Filippo
name: Beroaldo, Filippo
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2010

description: Entstehungsort: Bologna (Drucker: Franciscus (Plato) de Benedictis). - Entstehungszeit: 23. Februar 1488
Additional file 1 of Discovery of Vespasiano Bignami paintings at the National Theatre of Costa Rica through technical photography and UV–Vis spectroscopy
Creators: name: Conejo-Barboza, Geraldine
name: Libby, Eduardo
name: Marín, Carmen
name: Herrera-Sancho, O. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Experimental data showing the UV lamp emission spectra (red circles) along with the fluorescent pigment (black circles). Figure S2. Panorama of The Poetry in the IR region. Figure S3. Panorama of The Poetry in IRFC. Figure S4. Panorama of The Dance in the IR region. Figure S5. Panorama of The Dance in IRFC. Figure S6. Panorama of The Music in the IR region. Figure S7. Panorama of The Music in IRFC.