cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards auditory attention decoding with noise-tagging: A pilot study
Creators: name: Scheppink, H. A.
name: Ahmadi, S.
name: Desain, P.
name: Tangermann, M.
name: Thielen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Auditory attention decoding (AAD) aims to extract from brain activity the attended speaker amidst candidate speakers, offering promising applications for neuro-steered hearing devices and brain-computer interfacing. This pilot study makes a first step towards AAD using the noise-tagging stimulus protocol, which evokes reliable code-modulated evoked potentials, but is minimally explored in the auditory modality. Participants were sequentially presented with two Dutch speech stimuli that were amplitude-modulated with a unique binary pseudo-random noise-code, effectively tagging these with additional decodable information. We compared the decoding of unmodulated audio against audio modulated with various modulation depths, and a conventional AAD method against a standard method to decode noise-codes. Our pilot study revealed higher performances for the conventional method with 70 to 100 percent modulation depths compared to unmodulated audio. The noise-code decoder did not further improve these results. These fundamental insights highlight the potential of integrating noise-codes in speech to enhance auditory speaker detection when multiple speakers are presented simultaneously.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 9th Graz Brain-Computer Interface Conference 2024
Higher-form symmetries of 6d and 5d theories
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Lakshya
name: Schafer-Nameki, Sakura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe general methods for determining higher-form symmetry groups of known 5d and 6d superconformal field theories (SCFTs), and 6d little string theories (LSTs). The 6d theories can be described as supersymmetric gauge theories in 6d which include both ordinary non-abelian 1-form gauge fields and also abelian 2-form gauge fields. Similarly, the 5d theories can also be often described as supersymmetric non-abelian gauge theories in 5d. Naively, the 1-form symmetry of these 6d and 5d theories is captured by those elements of the center of ordinary gauge group which leave the matter content of the gauge theory invariant. However, an interesting subtlety is presented by the fact that some massive BPS excitations, which includes the BPS instantons, are charged under the center of the gauge group, thus resulting in a further reduction of the 1-form symmetry. We use the geometric construction of these theories in M/F-theory to determine the charges of these BPS excitations under the center. We also provide an independent algorithm for the determination of 1-form symmetry for 5d theories that admit a generalized toric construction. The 2-form symmetry group of 6d theories, on the other hand, is captured by those elements of the center of the abelian 2-form gauge group that leave all the massive BPS string excitations invariant, which is much more straightforward to compute as it is encoded in the Green-Schwarz coupling associated to the 6d theory.
description: 53 pages, 1 figure, v2: Examples discussing 1-form symmetry of twisted 5d KK theories added, comments about spontaneous symmetry breaking added, references added
Comparative Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study on Hexaborides
Creators: name: Wirth, S.
name: Rößler, Sahana
name: Jiao, Lin
name: Crivillero, M. Victoria Ale
name: Rosa, Priscila F. S.
name: Fisk, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare STM investigations on two hexaboride compounds, SmB$_6$ and EuB$_6$, in an effort to provide a comprehensive picture of their surface structural properties. The latter is of particular importance for studying the nature of the surface states in SmB$_6$ by surface-sensitive tools. Beyond the often encountered atomically rough surface topographies of {\it in situ}, low-temperature cleaved samples, differently reconstructed as well as B-terminated and, more rarely, rare-earth terminated areas could be found. With all the different surface topographies observed on both hexaborides, a reliable assignment of the surface terminations can be brought forward.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
ZNACZENIE INFORMACJI STRATEGICZNEJ W ZARZĄDZANIU GOSPODARSTWEM ROLNICZYM
Creators: name: Jaworski, Jacek
name: Sokołowska, Katarzyna
name: Kondraszuk, Tomasz
name: Jaworski, Jacek
name: Sokołowska, Katarzyna
name: Kondraszuk, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: farm management
subject: informaction in management
subject: strategic information

description: The objetive of this paper is to present the results of empirical research on the assessment of the significance of strategic information for decision-making in Polish farms. The survey covered 338 managers of farms from all over the country. Analysis of central tendency measures proved that the information referred in the research, significantly shape the strategic decisions of farmers. The most important information is on the financial situation of the farm and on the demand side of its business. Managers assess information on competitors’ activity and on the situation on the labor market as the least important.
Additional file 6 of Foot exercise plus education versus wait and see for the treatment of plantar heel pain (FEET trial): a protocol for a feasibility study
Creators: name: Smith, Melinda M. Franettovich
name: Collins, Natalie J.
name: Mellor, Rebecca
name: Grimaldi, Alison
name: Elliott, James
name: Hoggarth, Mark
name: Weber, Kenneth A.
name: Vicenzino, Bill
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 6. Brief Advice group Handout
The small Blue Straggler star population in the dense Galactic Globular Cluster NGC 6752
Creators: name: Sabbi, E.
name: Ferraro, F. R.
name: Sills, A.
name: Rood, R. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used high resolution WFPC2-HST and wide field ground-based observations to construct a catalog of blue straggler stars (BSS) which spans the entire radial extent of the globular cluster NGC 6752. The BSS sample is the most extensive ever obtained for this cluster. Though NGC 6752 is a high density cluster with a large binary population, we found that its BSS content is surprisingly low: the specific number of BSS is among the lowest ever measured in a cluster. The BSS distribution is highly peaked in the cluster center, shows a rapid decrease at intermediate radii, and finally rises again at larger distances. This distribution closely resembles those observed in M3 and 47Tuc by Ferraro et al. (1993), Ferraro et al. (2003c). To date, BSS surveys covering the central regions with HST and the outer regions with wide field CCD ground-based observations have been performed for only these three clusters. Despite the different dynamical properties, a bimodal radial distribution has been found in each. A detailed comparison of observed BSS luminosity and temperature distributions with theoretical models reveals a population of luminous, hot BSS which is not easily interpreted.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, in press on ApJ
Additional file 1 of Waterbirth: a national retrospective cohort study of factors associated with its use among women in England
Creators: name: Aughey, H.
name: J. Jardine
name: N. Moitt
name: K. Fearon
name: J. Hawdon
name: D. Pasupathy
name: I. Urganci
name: T. Harris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Information 1. Sources of information used in the data set and criteria for inclusion. A full list of the variables used and the original datasets they were derived from as well as the quality criteria required for inclusion.
Demonstration of an amplitude filter cavity at gravitational-wave frequencies
Creators: name: Komori, Kentaro
name: Ganapathy, Dhruva
name: Whittle, Chris
name: McCuller, Lee
name: Barsotti, Lisa
name: Mavalvala, Nergis
name: Evans, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum vacuum fluctuations fundamentally limit the precision of optical measurements, such as those in gravitational-wave detectors. Injection of conventional squeezed vacuum can be used to reduce quantum noise in the readout quadrature, but this reduction is at the cost of increasing noise in the orthogonal quadrature. For detectors near the limits imposed by quantum radiation pressure noise (QRPN), both quadratures impact the measurement, and the benefits of conventional squeezing are limited. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a critically-coupled 16m optical cavity to diminish anti-squeezing at frequencies below 90Hz where it exacerbates QRPN, while preserving beneficial squeezing at higher frequencies. This is called an amplitude filter cavity, and it is useful for avoiding degradation of detector sensitivity at low frequencies. The attenuation from the cavity also provides technical advantages such as mitigating backscatter.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Top Quark Mass Measurements at CDF
Creators: name: Fernandez, P. A. Movilla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent measurements of the mass of the top quark are presented using 162 pb-1 of data of ppbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV collected by the CDF detector at the Tevatron collider during Run II. The analyses focus on the semi-leptonic decay mode with one or two identified bottom quarks. The Template Method reconstructs the invariant mass of the top quark in each event. The Multivariate Template Method enhances this approach by adding information on the event topology. The Dynamical Likelihood Method discriminates between possible mass values using top quark decay observables and attempts to use the maximum amount of information on top quarks provided by the Standard Model. All three methods produce similar results. The Dynamical Likelihood Method yields a top quark mass of 177.8+-4.5/5.0(stat)+-6.2(sys)GeV/c^2.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Referee's comments included. To appear in the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Hyperons, Charm and Beauty Hadrons, June 27 - July 03, 2004, Chicago, IL, USA
Business Cycle Measurement with Semantic Filtering: A Micro Data Approach
Creators: name: Müller, Christian
name: Köberl, Eva M.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Semantic cross validation
ECONOMIC CYCLE + BUSINESS CYCLE FORECASTS + TRADE CYCLE FORECASTS
Business cycle measurement
Shock identification
BUSINESS CYCLE
KONJUNKTUR + KONJUNKTURVORHERSAGEN + KONJUNKTURPROGNOSEN
KONJUNKTURZYKLUS
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Working Papers, 212
Spin-accumulation induced magnetic texture in a metal-insulator bilayer
Creators: name: Hartmann, Dion M. F.
name: Rückriegel, Andreas
name: Duine, Rembert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the influence of a spin accumulation in a normal metal on the magnetic statics and dynamics in an adjacent magnetic insulator. In particular, we focus on arbitary angles between the spin accumulation and the easy-axis of the magnetic insulator. Based on Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert phenomenology supplemented with magnetoelectronic circuit theory, we find that the magnetic texture twists into a stable configuration that turns out to be described by a virtual, or image, domain wall configuration, i.e., a domain wall outside the ferromagnet. We show that even when the spin accumulation is perpendicular to the anisotropy axis, the magnetic texture develops a component parallel to the spin accumulation for sufficiently large spin bias. The emergence of this parallel component gives rise to threshold behavior in the spin Hall magnetoresistance and nonlocal magnon transport. This threshold can be used to design novel spintronic and magnonic devices that can be operated without external magnetic fields.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, including appendices
title: The Integration of Architectural Design and Energy Modelling Software
Creators: name: Hetherington, Robina Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2013

description: Intelligent and integrated architectural design can substantially reduce carbon dioxide emissions from energy used in buildings. However, architects need new tools to help them to design enjoyable, comfortable, attractive and yet technically rigorous, low energy buildings. This thesis investigates, by means of a Research Through Design approach, how architectural software could be better designed to fulfil this need by the integration of design, energy simulation and decision support systems. The problem domain of the design of buildings with very low energy requirements was analysed. Two case studies were employed to investigate the limitations with current software. User and domain software requirements were recorded and analysed. Conflicting requirements were noted, in particular, dichotomous views of the building model. An investigation was carried out into the different interoperable standards that result in these views and rules on how to compose the building model as a series of Intelligent Spaces proposed. The Intelligent Spaces would be abstract volumes, enclosed by zero thickness surfaces, which have data and rules attached. Early prototyping of integrated software was carried out by means of a series of sketches and diagrammatic examples. The novel feature of the proposal is that it maintains both an abstract and detailed version of the building model through all stages of the building design and use. Key features of the proposed software are: 1) the ability to move iteratively between sketch to detailed design to explore different approaches to the building form and construction, 2) the setting and monitoring of relevant energy targets throughout the different building design stages and 3) the integration of an advisory system linked to energy targets to support decision making. This space based approach to the software has the potential to provide a ‘designerly’ front to the sophisticated processes of a Building Information Modelling environment.
Probing small-$x$ gluons by low-mass Drell-Yan pairs at colliders
Creators: name: Fai, George
name: Qiu, Jianwei
name: Zhang, Xiaofei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse-momentum ($Q_T$) distribution of low-mass Drell-Yan pairs is calculated in QCD perturbation theory with all-order resummation of $α_s (α_s \ln(Q^2_T/Q^2))^n$ type terms. We demonstrate that the rapidity distribution of low-mass Drell-Yan pairs at large-enough transverse momentum is an advantageous source of constraints on the gluon distribution and its nuclear dependence. We argue that low-mass Drell-Yan pairs in the forward region provide a good and clean probe of small-$x$ gluons at collider energies.
description: 25 pages, 16 figures
Additional file 2 of Waterbirth: a national retrospective cohort study of factors associated with its use among women in England
Creators: name: Aughey, H.
name: J. Jardine
name: N. Moitt
name: K. Fearon
name: J. Hawdon
name: D. Pasupathy
name: I. Urganci
name: T. Harris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Information 2. Table: Summary of NICE Guideline CG90: Intrapartum care for low risk pregnancies. A table summarising the NICE Guideline CG90 defining the characteristics associated with low, medium and high-risk pregnancies.
Active Fuzzing for Testing and Securing Cyber-Physical Systems
Creators: name: Chen, Yuqi
name: Xuan, Bohan
name: Poskitt, Christopher M.
name: Sun, Jun
name: Zhang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) in critical infrastructure face a pervasive threat from attackers, motivating research into a variety of countermeasures for securing them. Assessing the effectiveness of these countermeasures is challenging, however, as realistic benchmarks of attacks are difficult to manually construct, blindly testing is ineffective due to the enormous search spaces and resource requirements, and intelligent fuzzing approaches require impractical amounts of data and network access. In this work, we propose active fuzzing, an automatic approach for finding test suites of packet-level CPS network attacks, targeting scenarios in which attackers can observe sensors and manipulate packets, but have no existing knowledge about the payload encodings. Our approach learns regression models for predicting sensor values that will result from sampled network packets, and uses these predictions to guide a search for payload manipulations (i.e. bit flips) most likely to drive the CPS into an unsafe state. Key to our solution is the use of online active learning, which iteratively updates the models by sampling payloads that are estimated to maximally improve them. We evaluate the efficacy of active fuzzing by implementing it for a water purification plant testbed, finding it can automatically discover a test suite of flow, pressure, and over/underflow attacks, all with substantially less time, data, and network access than the most comparable approach. Finally, we demonstrate that our prediction models can also be utilised as countermeasures themselves, implementing them as anomaly detectors and early warning systems.
description: Accepted by the ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA 2020)
Percolation of Immobile Domains in Supercooled Thin Polymeric Films
Creators: name: Baljon, Arlette R. C.
name: Billen, Joris
name: Khare, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of heterogeneous dynamics in molecular dynamics simulations of a thin polymeric film, supported by an absorbing structured surface. Near the glass transition "immobile" domains occur throughout the film, yet the probability of their occurrence decreasing with larger distance from the surface. Still, enough immobile domains are located near the free surface to cause them to percolate in the direction perpendicular to surface, at a temperature near the glass transition temperature. This result is in agreement with a recent theoretical model of glass transition.
Does Aging Influence Sectoral Employment Shares? Evidence from Panel Data: evidence from panel data
Creators: name: Thiessen, Ulrich
name: Kholodilin, Konstantin A.
name: Siliverstovs, Boriss
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: SOCIAL CHANGE + SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (SOCIOLOGY)
subject: LABOUR MARKET AND EMPLOYMENT
subject: Dynamic panel data
subject: Employment shares
subject: ARBEITSMARKT UND BESCHÄFTIGUNG
subject: Aging
subject: ELDERLY EMPLOYEES + ELDERLY WORKERS (LABOUR)
subject: SOZIALER WANDEL + GESELLSCHAFTLICHE ENTWICKLUNG (SOZIOLOGIE)
subject: Structural change
subject: ARBEITNEHMER/AELTERE ARBEITNEHMER
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/300
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Economics

description: KOF Working Papers, 214
И. Аксаков и Ю. Самарин о христианском идеале (Аспекты закона и свободы)
Creators: name: Нина Николаевна Вихрова
Publisher: name: Русско-Византийский вестник
Year: 2020
Subjects: православие
католичество
раскол
протестантизм
славянофильство
А. Хомяков
И. Аксаков
Ю. Самарин
А. Ф. Тютчева
Э. Раден
закон
свобода совести
вопрос о смертной казни

description: В статье рассматривается проблема христианского идеала, отраженная в публицистике и эпистолярном наследии славянофильских деятелей пореформенного времени — И. Аксакова и Ю. Самарина. Прослеживается, каким образом исповедуемый ими христианский идеал интерпретировался применительно к личному жизнестроительству и знаковым событиям в России середины XIX в.: польскому восстанию, революционному терроризму, активизации старообрядческого движения, Балканскому кризису. При осмыслении этих явлений на первый план выходил вопрос антиномии «закона и благодати», в решении которого Аксаков и Самарин были в целом солидарны, отличаясь лишь стилистически: один — как пылкий художник, другой — как строгий ученый-аналитик.
A hand in the action : an arts-based inquiry of metaphor and meaning making as tools for inspiring transformation
Creators: name: Friedman, Stacey Elyse
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This arts-based action research documents the living inquiry of one learner/educator as she strives to make sense of her own and her learner/participants’ learning journeys. Using art and metaphor as tools for self-reflection, learners engaged with personal challenges in an effort to transform understandings of our personal ideologies so that we might live more consistently with them. The artist/researcher/teacher worked with a grade 6/7 class in an urban Canadian centre over a period of six weeks to develop puppetry as a tool to inquire into personal challenges. The use of puppets around the world and throughout time to captivate the imagination, create spectacle, speak truth to power, inspire therapeutic communication and reflective engagement, and reflect the human condition made it an intriguing medium for individuals to explore and expand their ways of being in the world. The learner/educator’s struggles to develop relevant arts-based curriculum and to democratic learning practices reflected students’ struggles to both understand their challenges in new ways and to make sense of arts-based inquiry. The challenges faced pointed to a problem-solution conception of learning in which the end result is predetermined. By reconceiving of the challenges as journeys, the new metaphor creates entrances into new understandings.
Additional file 3 of Waterbirth: a national retrospective cohort study of factors associated with its use among women in England
Creators: name: Aughey, H.
name: J. Jardine
name: N. Moitt
name: K. Fearon
name: J. Hawdon
name: D. Pasupathy
name: I. Urganci
name: T. Harris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Information 3. Table. Sensitivity Analysis: Rates of complications of waterbirth in 30,993 low-risk women who gave birth in a midwife-led unit. A table displaying the results of a sensitivity analysis with a cohort restricted to women giving birth in a midwife lead setting.
ROLA WIEDZY I INFORMACJI W PROCESIE DYFUZJI EKOINNOWACJI W GOSPODARSTWACH ROLNICZYCH POWIATU SIEDLECKIEGO
Creators: name: Kałuża, Halina
name: Ginter, Agnieszka
name: Kałuża, Halina
name: Ginter, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: information
subject: eco-innovation
subject: farm
subject: sustainable development

description: Changes in the conditions of farming combined with more greater attention being paid to the issue of sustainable development are forcing farmers also need to deploy and eco-innovation. The case study results indicate that the implementation of the respondents think eco-innovation can be implemented on organic farms. On the other hand, the results indicate that farmers in organic solutions, little appreciate the significance of the effects generated by eco-innovation. It seems that there is a need for continuous development of ecological awareness among farmers. As a result of making a change and the development of this inner awareness will stimulate the need for implementation of eco-innovative solutions in the agricultural farms
Impact Assessment of Missing Data in Model Predictions for Earth Observation Applications
Creators: name: Mena, Francisco
name: Arenas, Diego
name: Charfuelan, Marcela
name: Nuske, Marlon
name: Dengel, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Earth observation (EO) applications involving complex and heterogeneous data sources are commonly approached with machine learning models. However, there is a common assumption that data sources will be persistently available. Different situations could affect the availability of EO sources, like noise, clouds, or satellite mission failures. In this work, we assess the impact of missing temporal and static EO sources in trained models across four datasets with classification and regression tasks. We compare the predictive quality of different methods and find that some are naturally more robust to missing data. The Ensemble strategy, in particular, achieves a prediction robustness up to 100%. We evidence that missing scenarios are significantly more challenging in regression than classification tasks. Finally, we find that the optical view is the most critical view when it is missing individually.
description: Accepted at IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium 2024
KSZTAŁTOWANIE SIĘ ROZWOJU PRZEDSIĘBIORCZOŚCI WIEJSKIEJ NA TLE OGÓLNOKRAJOWYCH I EUROPEJSKICH TENDENCJI
Creators: name: Kłodziński, Marek
name: Kłodziński, Marek
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: diversification of the rural economy
subject: non-agricultural economic activities in rural areas
subject: rural entrepreneurship
subject: creating new workplaces in rural areas

description: The speed of entrepreneurship development in monofunctional rural areas will be determined by microcompanies run by local entrepreneurs, since these areas do not possess sufficient assets to attract foreign investors. Micro-companies, which constitute 96% of all companies in Poland, lag considerably behind similar enterprises in the EU in terms of the economic potential. Micro-companies in polish rural areas are losing ground to micro- companies in the EU to a greater extent than shown by the national figures, both in terms of the average number of employees and productivity per one worker or per one company. Worse conditions for the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas as compared to cities and a lower level of education of rural entrepreneurs, who in many cases are oriented on survival rather than development, will influence the slow pace of development of rural entrepreneurship. The national policy of promoting the development of entrepreneurship should take into account different operating conditions of companies in rural areas, where the demand for assistance requires a different direction than in large urban areas.
Seismic damage assessment of highway bridges by means of soft computing techniques
Creators: name: Tsikas, Panagiotis K.
name: Chassiakos, Athanasios P.
name: Papadimitropoulos, Vasileios C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Seismic risk assessment in bridge networks is of great interest in reducing earthquake adverse effects in structures and the society. Among existing methods for risk and loss assessment, Hazus methodology is widely accepted and used. The method includes several steps and calculations, being thus rather complex and time-consuming, especially if several bridges with diverse characteristics are to be examined. The present study investigates the potential of using soft computing techniques for determining the seismic hazard and expected losses as an alternative to the Hazus methodology. In particular, a number of representative datasets have been developed on the basis of Hazus and a number of methods have been formulated and tested regarding their capacity to effectively simulate the process. The methods that are examined range from regression curve-fitting to artificial neural networks of different size and characteristics. Alternative statistical tests have been used to evaluate the developed model capabilities. Evaluation results indicate that appropriately designed ANN methods can attain high accuracy and stable results among different datasets (training, testing, and validation). The analysis indicates the potential of using similar techniques to simulate seismic risk assessment based on actual data from earthquake events that have taken place in the past.
OCENA ZASOBÓW LUDZKICH NA OBSZARACH WIEJSKICH W POLSCE
Creators: name: Kołodziejczyk, Danuta
name: Kołodziejczyk, Danuta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: reserve human
subject: rural areas
subject: demographic development

description: The purpose of this study was to assess human resources in rural areas across Poland and to prepare a proposal to increase their adaptability to labour market changes. An analysis of selected demographic characteristics was conducted using Local Data Bank data maintained by the Polish Central Statistical Office, and a composite index of demographic growth was determined using the Z. Hellwig method for 1571 rural and 602 mixed urban and rural areas classified as rural. It was concluded that there was a rather unfavourable level of demographic growth in assessed areas, in particular in peripheral areas and communes with the lowest population. In 2013, the demographic growth level of 66% assessed communes was below the average (set at 100). It is necessary for such areas to boost their economic growth in relation to demographic growth in order for beneficial quantitative and qualitative changes in demographic processes to become noticeable; therefore, it is important to take advantage of the cohesion policy.
Additional file 1 of Abscisic acid mediated proline biosynthesis and antioxidant ability in roots of two different rice genotypes under hypoxic stress
Creators: name: Cao, Xiaochuang
name: Longlong Wu
name: Meiyan Wu
name: Chunquan Zhu
name: Qianyu Jin
name: Junhua Zhang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1:Table S1. RT-qPCR primers used in this study.
WIEDZA SPOŁECZEŃSTWA O ROLI ROLNIKÓW W KREOWANIU ZRÓWNOWAŻONEGO ROZWOJU (NA PRZYKŁADZIE MIESZKAŃCÓW WOJEWÓDZTWA ZACHODNIOPOMORSKIEGO)
Creators: name: Kondratowicz-Pozorska, Jolanta
name: Kondratowicz-Pozorska, Jolanta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: society
subject: sustainable development (SD)
subject: agriculture
subject: awareness

description: The paper presents the results of the research on the level of knowledge of the society on role of the farming and farmers in creation of sustainable development as well as building up the baseline for stable and sustainable development of the rural area. The survey was done on adult citizens of West Pomeranian region in 2015. The gathered data shows that even it is over 10 years since the first assumption of sustainable development was announced, there is still majority of the society that has no idea what development covers and how it can be created.
Top-quark pair hadroproduction at NNLO: differential predictions with the MSbar mass
Creators: name: Catani, Stefano
name: Devoto, Simone
name: Grazzini, Massimiliano
name: Kallweit, Stefan
name: Mazzitelli, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider top-quark pair production at the LHC within the MSbar scheme for the renormalisation of the top-quark mass, and we present predictions for total and differential cross sections at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. Our state-of-the-art calculation extends the available differential results by one order in the perturbative expansion, and it is relevant for a precise determination of the top-quark mass, including possible effects of the running mass in the MSbar scheme. We consider variations of the scale at which the MSbar mass of the top quark is evaluated, extending the usual 7-point to a 15-point scale variation. This additional variation is crucial for a reliable estimate of the theoretical uncertainties, especially at low perturbative orders and close to the production threshold of the top-quark pair. We also compute, for the first time, the invariant-mass distribution of the top-quark pair by using a running mass, evaluated at a dynamic scale. Our predictions for the invariant-mass distribution in the MSbar scheme are compared with a recent measurement performed by the CMS Collaboration. We observe that the inclusion of the NNLO corrections improves the agreement with the data, and we discuss effects due to the QCD running of the MSbar mass of the top quark.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures
Do Competitively Acquired Funds Induce Public Research Institutions to Behave Efficiently?
Creators: name: Bolli, Thomas
name: Somogyi, Frank
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PUBLIC FINANCE
BUSINESS EFFICIENCY
FORSCHUNGSANSTALTEN + WISSENSCHAFTLICHE INSTITUTE (KÖRPERSCHAFTEN)
University
Efficiency
ÖFFENTLICHE FINANZEN
SWITZERLAND (CENTRAL EUROPE). SWISS CONFEDERATION
SCHWEIZ (MITTELEUROPA). SCHWEIZERISCHE EIDGENOSSENSCHAFT
Public Finance
Third-Party Funding
Research
BETRIEBSEFFIZIENZ
Technology Transfer
SCIENTIFIC ESTABLISHMENTS + RESEARCH INSTITUTES (ORGANISATIONS)
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330
Economics

description: KOF Working Papers, 242
Additional file 4 of Waterbirth: a national retrospective cohort study of factors associated with its use among women in England
Creators: name: Aughey, H.
name: J. Jardine
name: N. Moitt
name: K. Fearon
name: J. Hawdon
name: D. Pasupathy
name: I. Urganci
name: T. Harris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 4: Supplementary Information 4. Table. Characteristics of included and excluded trusts. A table comparing size and geographical regions of included and excluded trusts.
Homogeneous Tokenizer Matters: Homogeneous Visual Tokenizer for Remote Sensing Image Understanding
Creators: name: Shao, Run
name: Zhang, Zhaoyang
name: Tao, Chao
name: Zhang, Yunsheng
name: Peng, Chengli
name: Li, Haifeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The tokenizer, as one of the fundamental components of large models, has long been overlooked or even misunderstood in visual tasks. One key factor of the great comprehension power of the large language model is that natural language tokenizers utilize meaningful words or subwords as the basic elements of language. In contrast, mainstream visual tokenizers, represented by patch-based methods such as Patch Embed, rely on meaningless rectangular patches as basic elements of vision, which cannot serve as effectively as words or subwords in language. Starting from the essence of the tokenizer, we defined semantically independent regions (SIRs) for vision. We designed a simple HOmogeneous visual tOKenizer: HOOK. HOOK mainly consists of two modules: the Object Perception Module (OPM) and the Object Vectorization Module (OVM). To achieve homogeneity, the OPM splits the image into 4*4 pixel seeds and then utilizes the attention mechanism to perceive SIRs. The OVM employs cross-attention to merge seeds within the same SIR. To achieve adaptability, the OVM defines a variable number of learnable vectors as cross-attention queries, allowing for the adjustment of token quantity. We conducted experiments on the NWPU-RESISC45, WHU-RS19 classification dataset, and GID5 segmentation dataset for sparse and dense tasks. The results demonstrate that the visual tokens obtained by HOOK correspond to individual objects, which demonstrates homogeneity. HOOK outperformed Patch Embed by 6\% and 10\% in the two tasks and achieved state-of-the-art performance compared to the baselines used for comparison. Compared to Patch Embed, which requires more than one hundred tokens for one image, HOOK requires only 6 and 8 tokens for sparse and dense tasks, respectively, resulting in efficiency improvements of 1.5 to 2.8 times. The code is available at https://github.com/GeoX-Lab/Hook.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, 8 tables
Exact theory of kinkable elastic polymers
Creators: name: Wiggins, Paul A.
name: Phillips, Rob
name: Nelson, Philip C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The importance of nonlinearities in material constitutive relations has long been appreciated in the continuum mechanics of macroscopic rods. Although the moment (torque) response to bending is almost universally linear for small deflection angles, many rod systems exhibit a high-curvature softening. The signature behavior of these rod systems is a kinking transition in which the bending is localized. Recent DNA cyclization experiments by Cloutier and Widom have offered evidence that the linear-elastic bending theory fails to describe the high-curvature mechanics of DNA. Motivated by this recent experimental work, we develop a simple and exact theory of the statistical mechanics of linear-elastic polymer chains that can undergo a kinking transition. We characterize the kinking behavior with a single parameter and show that the resulting theory reproduces both the low-curvature linear-elastic behavior which is already well described by the Wormlike Chain model, as well as the high-curvature softening observed in recent cyclization experiments.
description: Revised for PRE. 40 pages, 12 figures
Seismic damage assessment of highway bridges by means of soft computing techniques
Creators: name: Tsikas, Panagiotis K.
name: Chassiakos, Athanasios P.
name: Papadimitropoulos, Vasileios C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Seismic risk assessment in bridge networks is of great interest in reducing earthquake adverse effects in structures and the society. Among existing methods for risk and loss assessment, Hazus methodology is widely accepted and used. The method includes several steps and calculations, being thus rather complex and time-consuming, especially if several bridges with diverse characteristics are to be examined. The present study investigates the potential of using soft computing techniques for determining the seismic hazard and expected losses as an alternative to the Hazus methodology. In particular, a number of representative datasets have been developed on the basis of Hazus and a number of methods have been formulated and tested regarding their capacity to effectively simulate the process. The methods that are examined range from regression curve-fitting to artificial neural networks of different size and characteristics. Alternative statistical tests have been used to evaluate the developed model capabilities. Evaluation results indicate that appropriately designed ANN methods can attain high accuracy and stable results among different datasets (training, testing, and validation). The analysis indicates the potential of using similar techniques to simulate seismic risk assessment based on actual data from earthquake events that have taken place in the past.
PROCES OBNIŻANIA ZAWARTOŚCI TŁUSZCZU JAKO CZYNNIK ROZWOJU BRANŻY MIĘSNEJ
Creators: name: Kosicka-Gębska, Małgorzata
name: Gębski, Jerzy
name: Kosicka-Gębska, Małgorzata
name: Gębski, Jerzy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: meat
subject: reducing the fat content
subject: the level of acceptance
subject: consumer

description: Evolution in the diet of the Poles, associated with a greater awareness of the nutritional-health, forced food producers new ways of production and food processing. An example of an innovative product is the meat with reduced fat content, which is more and more popular in the world. The purpose of the article was to assess the level of consumer acceptance process of lowering the level of fat in the meat and to understand the benefits that may result from this process. The quantitative study was conducted on a sample of 1,000 respondents in 2011. It was found that 70.6% of respondents accept the process of reducing the fat content of the meat, and more than ½ of the respondents expressed their willingness to buy such meat. The results may be a signal to producers of modern consumers expect innovative changes in the meat market.
Additional file 5 of Foot exercise plus education versus wait and see for the treatment of plantar heel pain (FEET trial): a protocol for a feasibility study
Creators: name: Smith, Melinda M. Franettovich
name: Collins, Natalie J.
name: Mellor, Rebecca
name: Grimaldi, Alison
name: Elliott, James
name: Hoggarth, Mark
name: Weber, Kenneth A.
name: Vicenzino, Bill
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 5. Foot Exercise and Education group Handout
Clustering MOOC Programming Solutions to Diversify Their Presentation to Students
Creators: name: Artser, Elizaveta
name: Birillo, Anastasiia
name: Golubev, Yaroslav
name: Tigina, Maria
name: Keuning, Hieke
name: Vyahhi, Nikolay
name: Bryksin, Timofey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many MOOCs, whenever a student completes a programming task, they can see previous solutions of other students to find potentially different ways of solving the problem and to learn new coding constructs. However, a lot of MOOCs simply show the most recent solutions, disregarding their diversity or quality, and thus hindering the students' opportunity to learn.
 In this work, we explore this novel problem for the first time. To solve it, we adapted the existing plagiarism detection tool JPlag to Python submissions on Hyperskill, a popular MOOC platform. However, due to the tool's inner algorithm, JPLag fully processed only 46 out of 867 studied tasks. Therefore, we developed our own tool called Rhubarb. This tool first standardizes solutions that are algorithmically the same, then calculates the structure-aware edit distance between them, and then applies clustering. Finally, it selects one example from each of the largest clusters, thus ensuring their diversity. Rhubarb was able to handle all 867 tasks successfully.
 We compared different approaches on a set of 59 real-life tasks that both tools could process. Eight experts rated the selected solutions based on diversity, code quality, and usefulness. The default platform approach of simply selecting recent submissions received on average 3.12 out of 5, JPlag - 3.77, Rhubarb - 3.50. To ensure both quality and coverage, we created a system that combines both tools. We conclude our work by discussing the future of this new problem and the research needed to solve it better.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Laboratory coded aperture imaging experiments: radial hole coded masks and depth-sensitive CZT detectors
Creators: name: Hong, J.
name: Vadawale, S. V.
name: Zhang, M.
name: Bellm, E. C.
name: Yousef, A.
name: Noss, J.
name: Grindlay, J. E.
name: Narita, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proposed black-hole finder mission EXIST will consist of multiple wide-field hard X-ray coded-aperture telescopes. The high science goals set for the mission require innovations in telescope design. In particular, wide energy band coverage and fine angular resolution require relatively thick coded masks and thick detectors compared to their pixel size, which may introduce mask self-collimation and depth-induced image blurring with conventional design approaches. Previously we proposed relatively simple solutions to these potential problems: radial hole for mask selfcollimation and cathode depth sensing detector for image blurring. We have now performed laboratory experiments to explore the potential of these two techniques. The experimental results show that the radial hole mask greatly alleviates mask self-collimation and a ~1 mm resolution depth-sensitive detector scheme can be relatively easily achieved for the large scale required for EXIST.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, appears in the SPIE 2004 proceedings (5540: Hard X-ray and gamma-ray detector physics V)