cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The CLASSgal code for Relativistic Cosmological Large Scale Structure
Creators: name: Di Dio, Enea
name: Montanari, Francesco
name: Lesgourgues, Julien
name: Durrer, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some accurate and efficient computations of large scale structure observables, obtained with a modified version of the CLASS code which is made publicly available. This code includes all relativistic corrections and computes both the power spectrum Cl(z1,z2) and the corresponding correlation function xi(theta,z1,z2) in linear perturbation theory. For Gaussian initial perturbations, these quantities contain the full information encoded in the large scale matter distribution at the level of linear perturbation theory. We illustrate the usefulness of our code for cosmological parameter estimation through a few simple examples.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, few typos in published version corrected, code available at http://cosmology.unige.ch/tools
The Energy Loss of a Heavy Quark Moving Through a General Fluid Dynamical Flow
Creators: name: Abbasi, Navid
name: Davody, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the most general form of the covariant drag force exerted on a quark moving through a fluid dynamical flow. Up to first order in derivative expansion, our general formula requires the specification of seven coefficient functions. We use the perturbative method introduced in arXiv:1202.2737 and find all these coefficients in the hydrodynamic regime of a $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM plasma. Having this general formula, we can obtain the rate of the energy and momentum loss of a quark, namely the drag force, in a general flow. This result makes it possible to perturbatively study the motion of heavy quarks moving through the Bjorken flow up to first order in derivative expansion.
description: 28 pages, v2: typos corrected, v3: Note added + Some corrections in the expression of F^y
Multi‐component crystallisation studies of environmentally benign propellants
Creators: name: Khumsri, Akachai
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environmentally Benign Propellants
multi-component crystals
dinitramide salts
Crystal engineering
guanidinium dinitramide
guanidinium nitrate

description: This research aims to explore novel, multi-component crystals based on dinitramide salts as potential applications for environmentally benign propellants. Crystal engineering was used in this study to create new oxidisers as a means of enhancing the performance of existing energetic materials by changing the physical and chemical properties of crystalline solids. In the co-crystallisation studies, multi-component crystals based on ADN were successfully synthesised incorporating guanidinium dinitramide (GDN) and guanidinium nitrate (GN) via different crystallisation techniques including evaporation, diffusion and mechanical grinding. The crystal structures of the multi- component crystal were obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and show that the dinitramide is extensively hydrogen bonded. For ammonium dinitramide: guanidinium dinitramide (ADN:GDN), the crystal density lies approximately midway between the two co-formers and has a positive oxygen balance of 5.51%. The co- crystal of ammonium dinitramide: guanidinium nitrate (ADN:GN) has a density that surprisingly lies far from midway between the two co-formers and is closer to that of ADN. The oxygen balance of ADN: GN is 0.00%. The physicochemical and energetic properties, including density, thermal expansion, thermal stability, hygroscopicity, impact sensitivity and calculated energetic performance (e.g., detonation velocities and detonation pressures) of both the multi-component crystals have been investigated. The syntheses of ADN:GDN and of ADN:GN can be scaled-up using grinding techniques and resonant acoustic mixing (RAM). ADN: GDN has a higher melting point (111 °C) higher than that of ADN whereas ADN:GN has lower melting point at 89 °C. The detonation velocity was calculated by using EXPLO-5 program based on densities, chemical composition, and heats of formation. The detonation velocities and pressures of both co-crystals are is higher than that of ADN. Humidity testing of ADN: GN and ADN:GDN was performed using a humidity chamber at 55% RH and 25 °C. Both these materials are less hygroscopic than ADN. Impact sensitivity testing using a BAM Fall Hammer gave an impact sensitivity for ADN: GDN of 17 J compared to ADN (3-4 J). The compatibilities of the multi-component crystals with various polymer binders were studied. From these studies, ADN:GDN was compatible with hydroxyl- terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and polycaprolactone (PCL). ADN:GN had fair compatibility with HTPB, but was compatible with PCL. Both compounds were incompatible with polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Timescale-dependent X-ray to UV time lags of NGC 4593 using high-intensity XMM-Newton observations with Swift and AstroSat
Creators: name: Beard, Max W. J.
name: McHardy, Ian M.
name: Kumari, Kavita
name: Dewangan, Gulab C.
name: Papadakis, Iossif
name: Bhattacharya, Dipankar
name: Singh, Kulinder Pal
name: Kynoch, Daniel
name: Pahari, Mayukh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 140ks observation of NGC 4593 with XMM-Newton providing simultaneous and continuous PN X-ray and OM UV (UVW1 2910Å) lightcurves which sample short-timescale variations better than previous observations. These observations were simultaneous with 22d of Swift X-ray and UV/optical monitoring, reported previously, and 4d of AstroSat X-ray (SXT), far (FUV 1541Å), and near (NUV 2632Å) UV allowing lag measurements between them and the highly-sampled XMM. From the XMM we find that UVW1 lags behind the X-rays by 29.5$\pm$1.3ks, $\sim$half the lag previously determined from the Swift monitoring. Re-examination of the \textit{Swift} data reveals a bimodal lag distribution, with evidence for both the long and short lags. However if we detrend the Swift lightcurves by LOWESS filtering with a 5d width, only the shorter lag (23.8$\pm$21.2ks) remains. The NUV observations, compared to PN and SXT, confirm the $\sim$30ks lag found by XMM and, after 4d filtering is applied to remove the long-timescale component, the FUV shows a lag of $\sim$23ks. The resultant new UVW1, FUV, and NUV lag spectrum extends to the X-ray band without requiring additional X-ray to UV lag offset, which if the UV arises from reprocessing of X-rays, implies direct illumination of the reprocessor. By referencing previous Swift and HST lag measurements, we obtain an X-ray to optical lag spectrum which agrees with a model using the KYNreverb disc-reprocessing code, assuming the accepted mass of $7.63\times10^{6}M_{\odot}$ and a spin approaching maximum. Previously noted lag contribution from the BLR in the Balmer and Paschen continua are still prominent.
description: 13 pages, 23 figures
Scalability and Performance of Random Forest based Learning-to-Rank for Information Retrieval
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: For a query submitted by a user, the goal of an information retrieval system is to return a list of documents which are highly relevant with respect to that query. Traditionally different scoring methods, ranging from simple heuristic models to probabilistic models, have been used for this task. Recently researchers have started to use supervised machine learning techniques for solving this problem which is then called the learning-to-rank (LtR) problem. Many supervised learning methods have been tested so far with empirical success over conventional methods.
 The random forest is a relatively simple but effective and efficient learning algorithm which aggregates the predictions of a large number of independent and variant base learners, namely decision trees. Its major benefits over other state-of-the-art methods include inherent parallelizability, ease of tuning and competitive performance. These benefits attract researchers across various disciplines where a random forest is a very popular choice. However, for LtR task, the random forest has not been thoroughly investigated.
 In this research, we investigate the random forest based LtR algorithms. We aim at improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and understanding of these algorithms. With respect to the first goal, we employ undersampling techniques and leverage the inherent structure of a random forest to achieve better scalability, especially for highly imbalanced datasets. We also reduce the correlation among the trees to reduce learning time and to improve performance. With respect to the second goal, we investigate various objective functions ranging from completely randomized splitting criterion to so-called listwise splitting. We also conduct a thorough study on random forest based pointwise algorithms. With respect to the third goal, we develop methods for estimating the bias and variance of rank-learning algorithms, and examine their empirical behavior against parameters of the learning algorithm.
Semilinear elliptic equations with measure data and quasi-regular Dirichlet forms
Creators: name: Klimsiak, Tomasz
name: Rozkosz, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J61 (Primary), 35R06, 60H30 (Secondary)

description: We are mainly concerned with equations of the form $-Lu=f(x,u)+μ$, where $L$ is an operator associated with a quasi-regular possibly nonsymmetric Dirichlet form, $f$ satisfies the monotonicity condition and mild integrability conditions, and $μ$ is a bounded smooth measure. We prove general results on existence, uniqueness and regularity of probabilistic solutions, which are expressed in terms of solutions to backward stochastic differential equations. Applications include equations with nonsymmetric divergence form operators, with gradient perturbations of some pseudodifferential operators and equations with Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type operators in Hilbert spaces. We also briefly discuss the existence and uniqueness of probabilistic solutions in the case where $L$ corresponds to a lower bounded semi-Dirichlet form.
The legacy of A.H. Wapstra and the future of the Atomic Mass Evaluation
Creators: name: Lunney, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This contribution pays homage to Aaldert Wapstra, the founder of the Atomic Mass Evaluation (AME) in its present form. Producing an atomic mass table requires detailed evaluation and combination of the various decay and reaction energies as well as data from inertial mass measurements. Therefore, a brief summary of all mass measurements published since the last ENAM (2004) is given (as of 2008). The status of the AME is then discussed and as well as attempts for its continuation. (Since this paper was the written, coordination of the Atomic Mass Evaluation was taken over by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, in Lanzhou.)
description: Contribution presented at the 5th International Conference of Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM) held in Ryn, Poland in 2008, which was distributed in a DVD but not included in an associated Topical Issue published in the European Physics Journal A (https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2009-10897-y)
Multigraded Betti numbers of simplicial forests
Creators: name: Erey, Nursel
name: Faridi, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that multigraded Betti numbers of a simplicial forest are always either 0 or 1. Moreover a nonzero multidegree appears exactly at one homological degree in the resolution. Our work generalizes work of Bouchat on edge ideals of graph forests.
description: The statement of Lemma 3.2 is corrected
Frequentist coverage of adaptive nonparametric Bayesian credible sets
Creators: name: Szabó, Botond
name: van der Vaart, A. W.
name: van Zanten, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the frequentist coverage of Bayesian credible sets in a nonparametric setting. We consider a scale of priors of varying regularity and choose the regularity by an empirical Bayes method. Next we consider a central set of prescribed posterior probability in the posterior distribution of the chosen regularity. We show that such an adaptive Bayes credible set gives correct uncertainty quantification of "polished tail" parameters, in the sense of high probability of coverage of such parameters. On the negative side, we show by theory and example that adaptation of the prior necessarily leads to gross and haphazard uncertainty quantification for some true parameters that are still within the hyperrectangle regularity scale.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOS1270 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Uncover the Secrets of RDM: A Scavenger Hunt
Creators: name: Dockhorn, Ron
name: Engelhardt, Claudia
name: Manske, Antje
name: Wilbrandt, Jeanne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Research Data Management
Gamification

description: The scavenger hunt is designed to make learning about research data management (RDM) fun by utilizing the concepts of gamification. Participants will tackle 11 engaging questions, with the first letters of each question forming a RDM-related "keyword", see the ReadMe.md. Each question is linked to QR codes hidden around the venue, which direct participants to useful online resources. This interactive game encourages teamwork and creative thinking while helping everyone understand important research data management practices and discover valuable online materials. The scavenger hunt was conducted and presented at the "Fellowship of the Data - International RDM Community Meeting 2025" conference in Jena.
Peering into the Milky Way by FAST: I. Exquisite HI structures in the inner Galactic disk from the piggyback line observations of the FAST GPPS survey
Creators: name: Hong, Tao
name: Han, J. L.
name: Hou, L. G.
name: Gao, X. Y.
name: Wang, Chen
name: Wang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutral hydrogen (HI) is the fundamental component of the interstellar medium. The Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot (GPPS) survey is designed for hunting pulsars by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) from the visible Galactic plane within $|b| \leq 10^{\circ}$. The survey observations are conducted with the L-band 19-beam receiver in the frequency range of 1.0 $-$ 1.5 GHz, and each pointing has an integration time of 5 minutes. The piggyback spectral data simultaneously recorded during the FAST GPPS survey are great resources for studies on the Galactic HI distribution and ionized gas. We process the piggyback HI data of the FAST GPPS survey in the region of $33^{\circ} \leq l \leq 55^{\circ}$ and $|b| \leq 2^{\circ}$. The rms of the data cube is found to be approximately 40 mK at a velocity resolution of $0.1$ km s$^{-1}$, placing it the most sensitive observations of the Galactic HI by far. The high velocity resolution and high sensitivity of the FAST GPPS HI data enable us to detect weak exquisite HI structures in the interstellar medium. HI absorption line with great details can be obtained against bright continuum sources. The FAST GPPS survey piggyback HI data cube will be released and updated on the web: http://zmtt.bao.ac.cn/MilkyWayFAST/.
description: Published by ScienceChinaPMA on the special topic "Peering into the Milky Way by FAST" https://www.sciengine.com/SCPMA/issue/65/12 . See News & Views by Prof. John M. Dickey https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11433-022-2030-x.pdf
Parallelizable adiabatic gate teleportation
Creators: name: Nakago, Kosuke
name: Hajdušek, Michal
name: Nakayama, Shojun
name: Murao, Mio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a twisted Heisenberg-type interaction Hamiltonian, a Heisenberg-type spin interaction where the coordinates of the second qubit are twisted according to a unitary gate. We develop parallelizable adiabatic gate teleportation (PAGT) where a sequence of unitary gates is performed in a single step of the adiabatic process. In PAGT, numeric calculations suggest the necessary time for the adiabatic evolution implementing a sequence of $L$ unitary gates increases at most as $O(L^5)$. However, we show that it has the interesting property that it can map the temporal order of gates to the spatial order of interactions specified by the final Hamiltonian. Using this property, we present a controlled-PAGT scheme to manipulate the order of gates by a control-qubit. In the controlled-PAGT scheme, two differently ordered sequential unitary gates $FG$ and $GF$ are coherently performed depending on the state of a control-qubit by simultaneously applying the twisted Heisenberg-type interaction Hamiltonians implementing unitary gates $F$ and $G$. We investigate why the twisted Heisenberg-type interaction Hamiltonian allows PAGT. We show that the twisted Heisenberg-type interaction Hamiltonian has an ability to perform a transposed unitary gate by just modifying the space ordering of the final Hamiltonian implementing a unitary gate in adiabatic gate teleportation. The dynamics generated by the time-reversed Hamiltonian represented by the transposed unitary gate enables deterministic simulation of a postselected event of parallelized gate teleportation in adiabatic implementation.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Delayed Energy Injection Model For Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
Creators: name: Geng, J. J.
name: Wu, X. F.
name: Huang, Y. F.
name: Yu, Y. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shallow decay phase and flares in the afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is widely believed to be associated with the later activation of central engine. Some models of energy injection involve with a continuous energy flow since the GRB trigger time, such as the magnetic dipole radiation from a magnetar. However, in the scenario involving with a black hole accretion system, the energy flow from the fall-back accretion may be delayed for a fall-back time $\sim t_{\rm fb}$. Thus we propose a delayed energy injection model, the delayed energy would cause a notable rise to the Lorentz factor of the external shock, which will "generate" a bump in the multiple band afterglows. If the delayed time is very short, our model degenerates to the previous models. Our model can well explain the significant re-brightening in the optical and infrared light curves of GRB 081029 and GRB 100621A. A considerable fall-back mass is needed to provide the later energy, this indicates GRBs accompanied with fall-back material may be associated with a low energy supernova so that fraction of the envelope can be survived during eruption. The fall-back time can give meaningful information of the properties of GRB progenitor stars.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Peering into the Milky Way by FAST: III. Magnetic fields in the Galactic halo and farther spiral arms revealed by the Faraday effect of faint pulsars
Creators: name: Xu, Jun
name: Han, Jinlin
name: Wang, Pengfei
name: Yan, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) is the most sensitive radio telescope for pulsar observations. We make polarimetric measurements of a large number of faint and distant pulsars using the FAST. We present the new measurements of Faraday rotation for 134 faint pulsars in the Galactic halo. Significant improvements are also made for some basic pulsar parameters for 15 of them. We analyse the newly determined rotation measures (RMs) for the Galactic magnetic fields by using these 134 halo pulsars, together with previously available RMs for pulsars and extragalactic radio sources and also the newly determined RMs for another 311 faint pulsars which are either newly discovered in the project of the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot (GPPS) survey or previously known pulsars without RMs. The RM tomographic analysis in the first Galactic quadrant gives roughly the same field strength of around 2~$μ$G for the large-scale toroidal halo magnetic fields. The scale height of the halo magnetic fields is found to be at least 2.7$\pm$0.3~kpc. The RM differentiation of a large number of pulsars in the Galactic disk in the Galactic longitude range of $26^{\circ}
description: Published by ScienceChinaPMA on the special topic "Peering into the Milky Way by FAST" https://www.sciengine.com/SCPMA/issue/65/12
Peering into the Milky Way by FAST: II. Ionized gas in the inner Galactic disk revealed by the piggyback line observations of the FAST GPPS survey
Creators: name: Hou, L. G.
name: Han, J. L.
name: Hong, Tao
name: Gao, X. Y.
name: Wang, Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As one of the major components of the interstellar medium, the ionized gas in our Milky Way, especially the low-density diffuse component, has not been extensively observed in the radio band. The Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot (GPPS) survey covers the sky area within the Galactic latitude of $\pm10^\circ$ around the Galactic plane visible by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), and the spectral line data are simultaneously recorded during the pulsar survey observations. With an integration time of 5 minutes for each beam, the GPPS survey project provides the most sensitive piggyback spectra for tens of radio recombination lines (RRLs) in the band of 1000$-$1500 MHz for H$nα$, He$nα$, C$nα$, as well as H$nβ$ and H$nγ$. We processed the spectral data of RRLs, and obtained a sensitive averaged H$nα$ RRL map of a sky area of 88 square degrees in the inner Galaxy of 33$^\circ$ $\leqslant l \leqslant$ 55$^\circ$ and $|b| \leqslant$ 2.0$^\circ$. The final spectral data of the H$nα$ RRLs have a spatial resolution of $\sim$3$^\prime$, a spectral resolution of 2.2 km s$^{-1}$, and a typical spectral rms noise of 0.25 mJy beam$^{-1}$ or 6.3 mK in main-beam brightness temperature. The new H$nα$ RRL map shows complex structural features dominated by a number of HII regions and large extended diffuse ionized gas regions. We detect about 94% of the known HII regions and confirm 43 WISE HII regions in the observed sky area. Several large HII regions or star-forming complexes in the distant outer Galaxy are resolved in the map of H$nα$ RRLs. Extended RRL features of the diffuse ionized gas are detected. The RRL data products of the GPPS survey will be published and updated at http://zmtt.bao.ac.cn/MilkyWayFAST/
description: Published by ScienceChinaPMA on the special topic "Peering into the Milky Way by FAST" https://www.sciengine.com/SCPMA/issue/65/12. See News & Views by Dr. Dana S. Balser https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11433-022-2038-7.pdf
Extended file 4. Decision Tree Coding
Creators: name: Mohapatra, Sidhiprada
name: G Maiya, Arun
name: Nayak, Ullas U.
name: Sheelvant, Rashmi
name: J, Vennila
name: Watson, Joanne
name: Devi, Nandaneni Rama
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420318
subject: People with disability

description: Coding used for Decision Tree ananlysis
Peering into the Milky Way by FAST: IV. Identification of two new Galactic supernova remnants G203.1+6.6 and G206.7+5.9
Creators: name: Gao, X. Y.
name: Reich, W.
name: Sun, X. H.
name: Zhao, H.
name: Hong, Tao
name: Yuan, Z. S.
name: Reich, P.
name: Han, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 5$^{\circ}$ $\times$ 7$^{\circ}$ sky area containing two large radio structures of G203.1+6.6 and G206.7+5.9 with a size of about 2.5$^{\circ}$ and 3.5$^{\circ}$ respectively is scanned by using the L-band 19-beam receiver of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The FAST L-band receiver covers a frequency range of 1.0-1.5 GHz. Commissioning of the receiving system, including the measurements of the half-power beam width, gain, and main-beam efficiency is made by observing the calibrators. The multi-channel spectroscopy backend mounted to the receiver allows an in-band spectral-index determination. The brightness-temperature spectral indices of both objects are measured to be $β$ $\sim$ $-$2.6 to $-$2.7. Polarized emission is detected from the archival Effelsberg $λ$11 cm data for all the shell structures of G203.1+6.6 and G206.7+5.9. These results clearly indicate a non-thermal synchrotron emitting nature, confirming that G203.1+6.6 and G206.7+5.9 are large shell-type supernova remnants (SNRs). Based on morphological correlation between the radio continuum emission of G206.7+5.9 and the HI structures, the kinematic distance to this new SNR is estimated to be about 440 pc, placing it in the Local Arm.
description: Published by ScienceChinaPMA on the special topic "Peering into the Milky Way by FAST" https://www.sciengine.com/SCPMA/issue/65/12
Quantum contextual finite geometries from dessins d'enfants
Creators: name: Planat, Michel
name: Giorgetti, Alain
name: Holweck, Frédéric
name: Saniga, Metod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We point out an explicit connection between graphs drawn on compact Riemann surfaces defined over the field $\bar{\mathbb{Q}}$ of algebraic numbers --- so-called Grothendieck's {\it dessins d'enfants} --- and a wealth of distinguished point-line configurations. These include simplices, cross-polytopes, several notable projective configurations, a number of multipartite graphs and some 'exotic' geometries. Among them, remarkably, we find not only those underlying Mermin's magic square and magic pentagram, but also those related to the geometry of two- and three-qubit Pauli groups. Of particular interest is the occurrence of all the three types of slim generalized quadrangles, namely GQ(2,1), GQ(2,2) and GQ(2,4), and a couple of closely related graphs, namely the Schläfli and Clebsch ones. These findings seem to indicate that {\it dessins d'enfants} may provide us with a new powerful tool for gaining deeper insight into the nature of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces and their associated groups, with a special emphasis on contextuality.
description: 18 pages
Loss minimization and parameter estimation with heavy tails
Creators: name: Hsu, Daniel
name: Sabato, Sivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work studies applications and generalizations of a simple estimation technique that provides exponential concentration under heavy-tailed distributions, assuming only bounded low-order moments. We show that the technique can be used for approximate minimization of smooth and strongly convex losses, and specifically for least squares linear regression. For instance, our $d$-dimensional estimator requires just $\tilde{O}(d\log(1/δ))$ random samples to obtain a constant factor approximation to the optimal least squares loss with probability $1-δ$, without requiring the covariates or noise to be bounded or subgaussian. We provide further applications to sparse linear regression and low-rank covariance matrix estimation with similar allowances on the noise and covariate distributions. The core technique is a generalization of the median-of-means estimator to arbitrary metric spaces.
description: Final version as published in JMLR
THE POLICY OF GRADE REPETITION- DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF A CONTESTED EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE
Creators: name: SALZA, GUIDO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: The present doctoral thesis investigates grade repetition (GR) as a selection and recovery device, emphasising its implications on the broader process of transmission of educational inequalities and social stratification. The present thesis intends to add to the educational stratification literature with a systematisation of GR literature, an enrichment of the knowledge upon the understudied Italian context, and as well as a vast, novel empirical analysis of the selection, consequences and impact of this educational practice. The empirical examination utilises a vast longitudinal database of students that provides information about academic performance and socioeconomic status (SES) and migration background. The primary empirical source of this work was the set of administrative data about individual educational careers that were collected by the National Register of Students. The records refer to the Northern Italian population of upper-secondary students in four recent academic years (almost 600,000 individual students). The empirical results unambiguously illustrate that, consistently across learning contexts, GR appears to disproportionally select disadvantaged students. Even after accounting for academic performance, disadvantaged kids (i.e. with low SES and a migration background) had a drastically higher risk of GR at the end of ninth grade compared to their advantaged peers (i.e. those with high SES and a native background). The causal analysis in this work finds no convincing empirical evidence of the educative or recovery consequences of GR, which generally pushes students toward a downward change of school and unequivocally increases students? chances to drop out from school. Moreover, students in academic tracks and culturally advantaged families tend to react to GR by changing school, while students in non-academic tracks and with no- or low-educated parents tend to drop out.
Toda Equations and Piecewise Polynomiality for Mixed Double Hurwitz Numbers
Creators: name: Goulden, I. P.
name: Guay-Paquet, Mathieu
name: Novak, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 05E10

description: This article introduces mixed double Hurwitz numbers, which interpolate combinatorially between the classical double Hurwitz numbers studied by Okounkov and the monotone double Hurwitz numbers introduced recently by Goulden, Guay-Paquet and Novak. Generalizing a result of Okounkov, we prove that a certain generating series for the mixed double Hurwitz numbers solves the 2-Toda hierarchy of partial differential equations. We also prove that the mixed double Hurwitz numbers are piecewise polynomial, thereby generalizing a result of Goulden, Jackson and Vakil.
Robust and highly performant ring detection algorithm for 3d particle tracking using 2d microscope imaging
Creators: name: Afik, Eldad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional particle tracking is an essential tool in studying dynamics under the microscope, namely, fluid dynamics in microfluidic devices, bacteria taxis, cellular trafficking. The 3d position can be determined using 2d imaging alone by measuring the diffraction rings generated by an out-of-focus fluorescent particle, imaged on a single camera. Here I present a ring detection algorithm exhibiting a high detection rate, which is robust to the challenges arising from ring occlusion, inclusions and overlaps, and allows resolving particles even when near to each other. It is capable of real time analysis thanks to its high performance and low memory footprint. The proposed algorithm, an offspring of the circle Hough transform, addresses the need to efficiently trace the trajectories of many particles concurrently, when their number in not necessarily fixed, by solving a classification problem, and overcomes the challenges of finding local maxima in the complex parameter space which results from ring clusters and noise. Several algorithmic concepts introduced here can be advantageous in other cases, particularly when dealing with noisy and sparse data. The implementation is based on open-source and cross-platform software packages only, making it easy to distribute and modify. It is implemented in a microfluidic experiment allowing real-time multi-particle tracking at 70 Hz, achieving a detection rate which exceeds 94% and only 1% false-detection.
description: Software source-code is available at https://github.com/eldad-a/ridge-directed-ring-detector, as well as the linking (tracking) procedure and the natural cubic smoothing splines under particle-tracking & natural-cubic-smoothing-splines, correspondingly. 20 manuscript pages, including 7 SI & 3 references pages, 2 manuscript figures & 3 supporting figures
Effects of physical and chemical pressure on charge density wave transitions in LaAg1-xAuxSb2 single crystals
Creators: name: Xiang, Li
name: Ryan, Dominic H.
name: Canfield, Paul C.
name: Bud'ko, Sergey L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural characterization and electrical transport measurements at ambient and applied pressures of the compounds of the La(Ag1-xAux)Sb2 family are presented. Up to two charge density wave (CDW) transitions could be detected upon cooling from room temperature and an equivalence of the effects of chemical and physical pressure on the CDW ordering temperatures was observed with the unit cell volume being a salient structural parameter. As such La(Ag1-xAux)Sb2 is a rare example of a non-cubic system that exhibits good agreement between the effects of applied, physical, pressure and changes in unit cell volume from steric changes induced by isovalent substitution. Additionally, for La(Ag0.54Au0.46)Sb2 anomalies in low temperature electrical transport were observed in the pressure range where the lower charge density wave is completely suppressed.
Electrically Modulated Wetting of Drops on Soft Dielectric Films
Creators: name: Dey, Ranabir
name: DasGupta, Sunando
name: Chakraborty, Suman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inter-connection between the elasticity of a dielectric film and the wetting of a sessile drop on the same, under an applied electrical voltage, remains unaddressed. Here, we report the electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) behaviour of sessile drops on dielectric elastomer films of varying elasticities- from an apparently rigid dielectric film to a soft, deformable dielectric film. Our results reveal that the elasticity of the underlying dielectric film provides an additional control over the droplet electrowetting behaviour, which may be best addressed from free energy based consideration, leading to a modification of the classical Lippman-Young paradigm. We also provide an explanation on the displacement profiles for the deformation of the soft dielectric surface, due to the interfacial electro-elastocapillary interaction triggered by the electrowetted sessile droplet. These results can be of profound importance in various emerging applications, ranging from the development of soft liquid lenses to drug delivery.
description: 27 pages; 3 figures
An Empirical Study into Annotator Agreement, Ground Truth Estimation, and Algorithm Evaluation
Creators: name: Lampert, Thomas A.
name: Stumpf, André
name: Gançarski, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.6; I.5.4

description: Although agreement between annotators has been studied in the past from a statistical viewpoint, little work has attempted to quantify the extent to which this phenomenon affects the evaluation of computer vision (CV) object detection algorithms. Many researchers utilise ground truth (GT) in experiments and more often than not this GT is derived from one annotator's opinion. How does the difference in opinion affect an algorithm's evaluation? Four examples of typical CV problems are chosen, and a methodology is applied to each to quantify the inter-annotator variance and to offer insight into the mechanisms behind agreement and the use of GT. It is found that when detecting linear objects annotator agreement is very low. The agreement in object position, linear or otherwise, can be partially explained through basic image properties. Automatic object detectors are compared to annotator agreement and it is found that a clear relationship exists. Several methods for calculating GTs from a number of annotations are applied and the resulting differences in the performance of the object detectors are quantified. It is found that the rank of a detector is highly dependent upon the method used to form the GT. It is also found that although the STAPLE and LSML GT estimation methods appear to represent the mean of the performance measured using the individual annotations, when there are few annotations, or there is a large variance in them, these estimates tend to degrade. Furthermore, one of the most commonly adopted annotation combination methods--consensus voting--accentuates more obvious features, which results in an overestimation of the algorithm's performance. Finally, it is concluded that in some datasets it may not be possible to state with any confidence that one algorithm outperforms another when evaluating upon one GT and a method for calculating confidence bounds is discussed.
description: 16 pages
A targeted search for repeating fast radio bursts with the MWA
Creators: name: Tian, J.
name: Anderson, G. E.
name: Hancock, P. J.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Sokolowski, M.
name: James, C. W.
name: Bhat, N. D. R.
name: Swainston, N. A.
name: Ung, D.
name: Meyers, B. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a targeted search for low-frequency (144--215\,MHz) FRB emission from five repeating FRBs using 23.3\,hr of archival data taken with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) Voltage Capture System (VCS) between 2014 September and 2020 May. This is the first time that the MWA VCS has been used to search for FRB signals from known repeaters, which enables much more sensitive FRB searches than previously performed with the standard MWA correlator mode. We performed a standard single pulse search with a temporal and spectral resolution of $400\,μ$s and 10\,kHz, respectively, over a $100\,\text{pc}\,\text{cm}^{-3}$ dispersion measure (DM) range centred at the known DM of each studied repeating FRB. No FRBs exceeding a $6σ$ threshold were detected. The fluence upper limits in the range of 32--1175\,Jy\,ms and 36--488\,Jy\,ms derived from 10 observations of FRB 20190711A and four observations of FRB 20201124A respectively, allow us to constrain the spectral indices of their bursts to $\gtrsim-1$ if these two repeaters were active during the MWA observations. If free-free absorption is responsible for our non-detection, we can constrain the size of the absorbing medium in terms of the electron temperature $T$ to $<1.00\times(T/10^4\text{K})^{-1.35}\,\text{pc}$, $<0.92\times(T/10^4\text{K})^{-1.35}\,\text{pc}$ and $<[0.22\text{--}2.50]\times(T/10^4\text{K})^{-1.35}\,\text{pc}$ for FRB 20190117A, 20190711A, and 20201124A, respectively. However, given that the activities of these repeaters are not well characterised, our non-detections could also suggest they were inactive during the MWA observations.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Nonequilibrium dynamical renormalization group: Dynamical crossover from weak to infinite randomness in the transverse-field Ising chain
Creators: name: Heyl, Markus
name: Vojta, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we formulate the nonequilibrium dynamical renormalization group (ndRG). The ndRG represents a general renormalization-group scheme for the analytical description of the real-time dynamics of complex quantum many-body systems. In particular, the ndRG incorporates time as an additional scale which turns out to be important for the description of the long-time dynamics. It can be applied to both translational invariant and disordered systems. As a concrete application we study the real-time dynamics after a quench between two quantum critical points of different universality classes. We achieve this by switching on weak disorder in a one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model initially prepared at its clean quantum critical point. By comparing to numerically exact simulations for large systems we show that the ndRG is capable of analytically capturing the full crossover from weak to infinite randomness. We analytically study signatures of localization in both real space and Fock space.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, extended presentation, version as published
A classification of Lagrangian planes in holomorphic symplectic varieties
Creators: name: Bakker, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 14J40, Secondary 14E30, 14J28

description: Classically, an indecomposable class $R$ in the cone of effective curves on a K3 surface $X$ is representable by a smooth rational curve if and only if $R^2=-2$. We prove a higher-dimensional generalization conjectured by Hassett and Tschinkel: for a holomorphic symplectic variety $M$ deformation equivalent to a Hilbert scheme of $n$ points on a K3 surface, an extremal curve class $R\in H_2(M,\mathbb{Z})$ in the Mori cone is the line in a Lagrangian $n$-plane $\mathbb{P}^n\subset M$ if and only if certain intersection-theoretic criteria are met. In particular, any such class satisfies $(R,R)=-\frac{n+3}{2}$ and the primitive such classes are all contained in a single monodromy orbit.
description: 18 pages, comments welcome. v3: classification extended to all curve classes; some examples added. v4: to appear in J. Inst. Math. Jussieu
NuGrid stellar data set I. Stellar yields from H to Bi for stars with metallicities Z = 0.02 and Z = 0.01
Creators: name: Pignatari, M.
name: Herwig, F.
name: Hirschi, R.
name: Bennett, M.
name: Rockefeller, G.
name: Fryer, C.
name: Timmes, F. X.
name: Ritter, C.
name: Heger, A.
name: Jones, S.
name: Battino, U.
name: Dotter, A.
name: Trappitsch, R.
name: Diehl, S.
name: Frischknecht, U.
name: Hungerford, A.
name: Magkotsios, G.
name: Travaglio, C.
name: Young, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a set of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis calculations that applies established physics assumptions simultaneously to low- and intermediate-mass and massive star models. Our goal is to provide an internally consistent and comprehensive nuclear production and yield data base for applications in areas such as pre-solar grain studies. Our non-rotating models assume convective boundary mixing where it has been adopted before. We include 8 (12) initial masses for $Z = 0.01$ ($0.02$). Models are followed either until the end of the asymptotic giant branch phase or the end of Si burning, complemented by a simple analytic core-collapse supernova models with two options for fallback and shock velocities. The explosions show which pre-supernova yields will most strongly be effected by the explosive nucleosynthesis. We discuss how these two explosion parameters impacts the light elements and the $s$ and $p$ process. For low- and intermediate-mass models our stellar yields from H to Bi include the effect of convective boundary mixing at the He-intershell boundaries and the stellar evolution feedback of the mixing process that produces the $^{13}$C pocket. All post-processing nucleosynthesis calculations use the same nuclear reaction rate network and nuclear physics input. We provide a discussion of the nuclear production across the entire mass range organized by element group. All our stellar nucleosynthesis profile and time evolution output is available electronically, and tools to explore the data on the NuGrid VOspace hosted by the Canadian Astronomical Data Centre are introduced.
description: 117 pages, 34 figures, 23 tables, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Supplement
The FAIRsoft evaluator – A tool for developers and users to assess how specific software complies with FAIR for software indicators
Creators: name: Pico, Eva Martín Del
name: Gelpi, Josep Lluis
name: Capella-Gutierrez, Salvador
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: The OpenEBench Software Observatory aims to be an instrument for periodically assessing and diagnosing the quality of elements enhancing research software in the Life Sciences.
 Here we present its latest feature, the ¨FAIRsoft Evaluator¨, for assessing the fulfillment of FAIR for Research Software Indicators for individual tools.
 The evaluation is heavily based on software metadata. Users can obtain it from the Software Observatory’s database or provide a GitHub repository. In the first case, the user can select a tool from the over 45,000 bioinformatic tools, whose metadata is gathered and consolidated across eight different software registries and repositories, including bio.tools, the Galaxy Toolshed and BioConductor, among others. In the case that one prefers to use GitHub as a metadata source, the URL for the repository should be provided. Then, all available metadata will be retrieved automatically using the GitHub API. After loading the metadata, the user can edit, modify, or add more information before assessing the fulfillment of FAIR indicators.
 In addition to the evaluation of FAIR, the Software Observatory allows users to download the gathered metadata or even to make a pull request to a repository of the user’s choice to incorporate such metadata as a JSON-LD file compliant with CodeMeta and Bioschemas Compute tool profile. In this way, the FAIRsoft Evaluator also constitutes an automated tool for generating software metadata following accepted standards and to enhance the interoperability of bioinformatics tools.