cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Designability of lattice model heteropolymers
Creators: name: Tiana, G.
name: Broglia, R. A.
name: Provasi, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Protein folds are highly designable, in the sense that many sequences fold to the same conformation. In the present work we derive an expression for the designability in a 20 letter lattice model of proteins which, relying only on the Central Limit Theorem, has a generality which goes beyond the simple model used in its derivation. This expression displays an exponential dependence on the energy of the optimal sequence folding on the given conformation measured with respect to the lowest energy of the conformational dissimilar structures, energy difference which constitutes the only parameter controlling designability. Accordingly, the designability of a native conformation is intimately connected to the stability of the sequences folding to them.
description: in press on Phys. Rev. E
title: Becoming Evangelical: Ritual Process and Religious Formation in a Christian Youth Group
Creators: name: Barward-Symmons, Rob
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: An expectation of the transformation of the religious self, whether that is in the form of conversion from non-believer to believer or from 'inherited' childhood faith to the 'individualised' faith of adulthood, is central to evangelical Christianity. This thesis, based on 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork in an evangelical youth group in London, investigates the practices utilised within church contexts to bring about this transformation and how these are experienced and interpreted by the young people themselves. Drawing on theories of ritual from the work of Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner, the thesis argues that this period of formation can be understood as one of sustained liminality. This liminality, enabled through spatial and structural separation from adult evangelicalism, fosters a subject that is fundamentally communal in orientation and comfortably uncertain as evangelical young people explore and question the nature of faith alongside their peers. While the structures and practices of the group differ considerably from those seen in the adult context in the same church - and from mainstream adult evangelical services in general - through interviews with the young people this thesis demonstrates that these are not merely incidental parts of their group activity but are highly formative in their faith and their expectations of collective religiosity. Examining also the experiences of those who have since left the group, the thesis argues that the absence of a ceremonial marker for the end of this rite of passage - with the young people leaving the group at the age of 18 in line with their academic year-group - risks leaving young evangelical adults in a state of prolonged liminality. This thesis therefore argues not only that we take seriously the nature and existence of young people within the study of evangelicalism beyond their place as 'future adults', but also questions the readiness of mainstream adult evangelical spaces to accommodate these liminal religious subjects. This research therefore contributes to the wider study of evangelicalism as well as debates within the field of religion and youth, offering important ethnographic insights into evangelical adolescence, but also conversations in sociology of youth outside of religion by proposing a model of understanding and applying rites of passage outside of traditional contexts.
Tracking extinction risk trends and patterns in a mega-diverse country: A Red List Index for birds in Colombia
Creators: name: Renjifo, Luis Miguel
name: Amaya-Villarreal, Angela María
name: Butchart, Stuart H. M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
People and places
Ecology and environmental sciences

description: Monitoring trends in the extinction risk of species is important for tracking conservation effectiveness. The Red List index (RLI) reflects changes in aggregate extinction risk for sets of species over time (a value of zero means that all species are extinct, a value of one means that all species are categorized as Least Concern). We calculated the first national RLI for birds in Colombia for the period 2002–2016, and disaggregated indices by ecosystems, regions, and species groups. Overall, the status of birds in Colombia has moderately deteriorated during 2002–2016, declining by 0.0000714% per year (the global RLI for birds declined by 0.0297% per year). High Andean forest, paramo, and freshwater are the ecosystems in worst condition. The two regions with the greatest avian diversity contrasted: the Andes has the lowest RLI, and the Amazon the highest. Among species groups, gamebirds, parrots, large frugivores, and forest raptors are the most threatened. Habitat loss from expansion of illicit crops and population declines from hunting were the most important threats. Agricultural expansion, invasive alien animal species, illegal logging and illegal mining are significant threats for some species. Tracking species’ extinction risk is important in a country with the highest bird species richness in the world, dynamic spatial patterns of habitat loss, and high levels of endemism. Recent developments provide reasons for both hope and despair. In 2016, a peace agreement ended 50 years of armed conflict. New opportunities for biodiversity conservation, local development based on bird-watching tourism, and advancement in scientific knowledge of birds now occur alongside dramatic increases in deforestation. These new conservation opportunities and challenges provide strong motivation to take advantage of the fact that the overall risk of extinction of birds in Colombia is still relatively low and stable. Effective action is urgently needed while there still is the opportunity to prevent extinctions and safeguard species, particularly those in higher risk categories.
Competition of Mesoscales and Crossover to Tricriticality in Polymer Solutions
Creators: name: Anisimov, M. A.
name: Kostko, A. F.
name: Sengers, J. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the approach to asymptotic fluctuation-induced critical behavior in polymer solutions is governed by a competition between a correlation length diverging at the critical point and an additional mesoscopic length-scale, the radius of gyration. Accurate light-scattering experiments on polystyrene solutions in cyclohexane with polymer molecular weights ranging from 200,000 up to 11.4 million clearly demonstrate a crossover between two universal regimes: a regime with Ising asymptotic critical behavior, where the correlation length prevails, and a regime with tricritical theta-point behavior determined by a mesoscopic polymer-chain length.
description: 4 pages in RevTeX with 4 figures
Nucleus Capture by Macroscopic Dark Matter
Creators: name: Bai, Yang
name: Berger, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a class of macroscopic dark matter with a large interaction strength with Standard Model particles, a nucleus could be captured by the dense, heavy dark matter as it traverses ordinary material. The radiated photon carries most of the binding energy and is a characteristic signature for dark matter detection. We develop analytic formulas and present numerical results for this radiative capture process in the low energy, non-dipole limit. Large-volume neutrino detectors like NO$ν$A, JUNO, DUNE and Super(Hyper)-K may detect multi-hit or single-hit radiative capture events and can search for dark matter up to one gram in mass.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, updated to journal version
Performance of cardiopulmonary exercise testing for the prediction of post-operative complications in non cardiopulmonary surgery: A systematic review
Creators: name: Stubbs, Daniel J.
name: Grimes, Lisa A.
name: Ercole, Ari
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Funder: Wellcome Trust; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010269; Grant(s): Clinician PhD Fellowship paid from [Overarching grant: 486 204017/Z/16/Z
description: Introduction: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is widely used within the United Kingdom for preoperative risk stratification. Despite this, CPET’s performance in predicting adverse events has not been systematically evaluated within the framework of classifier performance. Methods: After prospective registration on PROSPERO (CRD42018095508) we systematically identified studies where CPET was used to aid in the prognostication of mortality, cardiorespiratory complications, and unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission in individuals undergoing non-cardiopulmonary surgery. For all included studies we extracted or calculated measures of predictive performance whilst identifying and critiquing predictive models encompassing CPET derived variables. Results: We identified 36 studies for qualitative review, from 27 of which measures of classifier performance could be calculated. We found studies to be highly heterogeneous in methodology and quality with high potential for bias and confounding. We found seven studies that presented risk prediction models for outcomes of interest. Of these, only four studies outlined a clear process of model development; assessment of discrimination and calibration were performed in only two and only one study undertook internal validation. No scores were externally validated. Systematically identified and calculated measures of test performance for CPET demonstrated mixed performance. Data was most complete for anaerobic threshold (AT) based predictions: calculated sensitivities ranged from 20-100% when used for predicting risk of mortality with high negative predictive values (96-100%). In contrast, positive predictive value (PPV) was poor (2.9-42.1%). PPV appeared to be generally higher for cardiorespiratory complications, with similar sensitivities. Similar patterns were seen for the association of Peak VO2 (sensitivity 85.7-100%, PPV 2.7-5.9%) and VE/VCO2 (Sensitivity 27.8%-100%, PPV 3.4-7.1%) with mortality. Conclusions: In general CPET’s ‘rule-out’ capability appears better than its ability to ‘rule-in’ complications. Poor PPV may reflect the frequency of complications in studied populations. Our calculated estimates of classifier performance suggest the need for a balanced interpretation of the pros and cons of CPET guided pre-operative risk stratification.
Anaceratagallia pararobusta C.A.Viraktamath 2011, comb. nov.
Creators: name: C. A. Viraktamath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Anaceratagallia
Anaceratagallia pararobusta

description: Anaceratagallia pararobusta (Pruthi) comb. nov.
Figs 3, 4, 14, 106–108.
 Agallia pararobusta Pruthi 1936: 104–105, fig. 119, pl. VIII, fig. 4. HOLOTYPE ♀, INDIA: Guvvalucherru [ZSI, examined].
 Color. Two rectangular spots on vertex placed obliquely, black. Other features as in A. robusta (see below).
 Male genitalia. Pygofer produced caudo-ventrally into spine-like process of variable width (Figs 109–112). Aedeagal shaft slender, with slender dorsal apodeme. Anal collar process directed ventrally with finger-like process on dorsal angle.
 Female genitalia. Hind margin of seventh sternite broadly concave.
 Measurements. Male 3.20–3.30 mm long, 1.06–1.10 mm wide across eyes. Female 3.7 mm long, 1.25 mm wide across eyes.
 Material examined. INDIA: Andhra Pradesh: HOLOTYPE ♀, Guvvalucherru, 500 ft (152 m), Palkonda Hills, 1–3.viii.1929, at light, H.S. Pruthi (ZSI); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Delhi, 1969, H.M. Harris (UASB). West Bengal: 1 ♀, Purneah dist.: Katihar, 7–31.viii.1910, C.Paiva (BMNH).
 Remarks. This species closely resembles A. laevis (Ribaut) but differs in having a more slender aedeagal shaft.
description: Published as part of C. A. Viraktamath, 2011, Revision of the Oriental and Australian Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) 2844, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2844 on page 17
คะฉิ่น
Creators: name: ตรีธวัฒน์ มีสมศักดิ์
Publisher: name: บัณฑิตศึกษา สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนศิลป์ กระทรวงวัฒนธรรม
Year: 2021
Subjects: การแสดงสร้างสรรค์
คะฉิ่น
ชาติพันธุ์

description: วิพิธพัฒนศิลป์, 1, 1, 1-12
Segment-Level Vectorized Beam Search Based on Partially Autoregressive Inference
Creators: name: Someki, Masao
name: Eng, Nicholas
name: Higuchi, Yosuke
name: Watanabe, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Attention-based encoder-decoder models with autoregressive (AR) decoding have proven to be the dominant approach for automatic speech recognition (ASR) due to their superior accuracy. However, they often suffer from slow inference. This is primarily attributed to the incremental calculation of the decoder. This work proposes a partially AR framework, which employs segment-level vectorized beam search for improving the inference speed of an ASR model based on the hybrid connectionist temporal classification (CTC) attention-based architecture. It first generates an initial hypothesis using greedy CTC decoding, identifying low-confidence tokens based on their output probabilities. We then utilize the decoder to perform segment-level vectorized beam search on these tokens, re-predicting in parallel with minimal decoder calculations. Experimental results show that our method is 12 to 13 times faster in inference on the LibriSpeech corpus over AR decoding whilst preserving high accuracy.
description: Accepted at ASRU 2023
Fingerprints of entangled states in reactions with rare isotopes
Creators: name: Bertulani, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the presence of entangled states of nucleon pairs from nuclear decays and in reactions with exotic nuclei, e.g., 11Li, or 6He. It is shown that the fingerprints of entangled states in these subsystems are visible in correlation measurements and can be accessed with present experimental techniques. This shows that not only atomic and optical systems, but also nuclear systems serve as important tools to obtain dichotomic outcomes for tests of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Journal of Physics G
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Genotyping-by-sequencing provides the discriminating power to investigate the subspecies of Daucus carota (Apiaceae)
Creators: name: Arbizu, Carlos
name: Ellison, Shelby
name: Senalik, Douglas
name: Simon, Philipp
name: Spooner, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The 162 accessions of Daucus, and two accessions of related genera characterized in this study, improvement status, locality information and new identification. (PDF 308 kb)
Momentum distribution of the uniform electron gas: improved parametrization and exact limits of the cumulant expansion
Creators: name: Gori-Giorgi, Paola
name: Ziesche, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The momentum distribution of the unpolarized uniform electron gas in its Fermi-liquid regime, n(k,r_s), with the momenta k measured in units of the Fermi wave number k_F and with the density parameter r_s, is constructed with the help of the convex Kulik function G(x). It is assumed that $n(0,r_s), n(1^\pm, r_s)$, the on-top pair density g(0,r_s) and the kinetic energy t(r_s) are known (respectively, from effective-potential calculations, from the solution of the Overhauser model, and from Quantum Monte Carlo calculations via the virial theorem). Information from the high- and the low-density limit, corresponding to the random-phase approximation and to the Wigner crystal limit, is used. The result is an accurate parametrization of n(k,r_s), which fulfills most of the known exact constraints. It is in agreement with the effective-potential calculation of Takada and Yasuhara [1991 {\it Phys. Rev.} B {\bf 44} 7879], is compatible with Quantum Monte Carlo data, and is valid in the density range $r_s \lesssim 12$. The corresponding cumulant expansions of the pair density and of the static structure factor are discussed, and some exact limits are derived.
title: Social cognition across the lifespan and its relation to executive functions
Creators: name: De Lillo, Martina
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: Successful social interactions represent a crucial aspect of our everyday life. To achieve this, we have to interpret and understand others' thoughts and intentions, take their perspective, and empathize with them. All these processes characterize a wider concept called "social cognition". This thesis aims to shed light on social cognition across the lifespan by adopting a large battery of tasks that included behavioural, EEG, and real-world eye-tracking measures. Starting from the hypothesis that social cognition is impaired in adolescence and old age, I compared the performance of these two age groups with young adults on measures of perspective-taking, empathy and social attention. Results revealed that age modulates different sub-components of social cognition in distinct ways; more cognitively demanding components are more likely to suffer a decline in older age. In addition, due to the link between social cognition and executive functions, this work also tested whether cognitive and social abilities can be enhanced indirectly through cognitive training. In particular, I designed a 21-day cognitive training protocol that targets Working Memory, Inhibitory Control, or Cognitive Flexibility (versus an active control group) to test whether improvements can be detected on the training task (direct transfers) or on a task that measures the same cognitive ability (near transfers), and test the generalisability of these effects to other cognitive and social constructs (far transfers). Whereas robust direct training effects emerged, limited near transfers and no far transfers were detected.
Anaceratagallia srinagarensis C.A.Viraktamath 2011, comb. nov.
Creators: name: C. A. Viraktamath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Anaceratagallia
Anaceratagallia srinagarensis

description: Anaceratagallia srinagarensis (Kameswara Rao and Ramakrishnan) comb. nov.
Figs 121–123.
 Agallia srinagarensis Kameswara Rao and Ramakrishnan 1978a:237, 239, fig. 2 a–l. Holotype ♂, INDIA: Dal Lake [NPC, examined].
 Color. Coloration very similar to A. robusta.
 Male genitalia. Caudal margin of pygofer with triangular projection. Aedeagus short, robust, with shaft extending beyond gonopore in lateral view; dorsal apodeme short and robust. Anal collar process short, parallel sided for most part, with apex obliquely truncate, caudo-dorsal angle acute.
 Female genitalia. Hind margin of seventh sternite broadly concave.
 Measurements. Male 2.75– 3.00 mm long, 1.06–1.10 mm wide across eyes. Female 3.35 mm long, 1.20 mm wide across eyes.
 Material examined. INDIA: HOLOTYPE ♂, Jammu and Kashmir: Dal Lake, 22.ix.1938, H.S. Pruthi (NPC). PARATYPES: 3 ♂, Delhi, 20.iv.1965, R. Menon, 28.ii.1974, 11.xi.1974, Lamp Dome, P. Kameswara Rao; 1 ♂, Delhi, ix–xi.1939, at light, W. Kerr (NPC). Additional material: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, INDIA: Jammu & Kashmir: Srinagar, 3.x.1981, Dworakowska (UASB).
 Remarks. This species resembles A. brevispina (Linnavuori) from Morocco but can be distinguished by the parallel-sided anal collar process, which is obliquely truncate near apex, and by the shape of the aedaegal shaft.
description: Published as part of C. A. Viraktamath, 2011, Revision of the Oriental and Australian Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) 2844, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2844 on page 18
Ambulante medizinische Versorgung bei Kopfschmerz
Creators: name: Rehfeld, Anna
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Es wird mittels logistischer Regression untersucht, welche Parameter (1.) Einfluss auf die Inanspruchnahme eines Arztes bzw. (2.) Einfluss auf die Überweisung an einen spezialisierten Facharzt bei Kopfschmerzen haben. Es zeigt sich, dass die medizinische Versorgung diejenigen Patienten mit stärkstem kopfschmerzbedingten Leidensdruck erreicht. Jedoch scheinen Personen in Abhängigkeit von Alter und Einkommen gefährdet, notwendige Arztkonsultationen zu unterlassen. Die Überweisung wird neben dem medizinischen Bedarf durch Geschlecht und Haushaltsgröße bestimmt.
Gordian Adjacency for Positive Braid Knots
Creators: name: Bell, Tolson H.
name: Luo, David C.
name: Seaton, Luke
name: Serra, Samuel P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A knot $K_1$ is said to be Gordian adjacent to a knot $K_2$ if $K_1$ is an intermediate knot on an unknotting sequence of $K_2$. We extend previous results on Gordian adjacency by showing sufficient conditions for Gordian adjacency between classes of positive braid knots through manipulations of braid words. In addition, we explore unknotting sequences of positive braid knots and give a proof that there are only finitely many positive braid knots for a given unknotting number.
description: 20 pages; to appear in Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal
The Journey to Work: 25 Years on the Jamaicaway
Creators: name: Martland, Carl D.
name: Martland, Carl D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: More than 600 observations were recorded for the author’s home-to-work trip for the same route over the period 1980 to 2004. With this data, it is possible to graph the pattern of travel times and travel time reliability as a function of departure times during the morning rush hour. The image of rush hour performance that emerges from this study is more complex than what is often used in network models or abstract economic analysis. For example, as rush hour progresses, variability increases even though expected travel times start to decline. There may also be lulls in rush hour, i.e. intervals of 10-15 minutes when expected performance temporarily improves. This type of performance cannot realistically be modeled as a linear function of traffic volume, nor can it be approximated using a steady state queuing analysis. It will be far better to view rush hour performance as a steady state cyclical queuing phenomenon: every day may start afresh, but expected conditions on next Tuesday at 830 am are likely to be similar to conditions last Tuesday at that time. Over the 25-year period, there was surprisingly little change in rush hour performance on this congested urban route. Average travel times were mostly in the range of 25-27 minutes with a standard deviation of 3-4 minutes. There was some spreading of the peak, especially during periods involving major construction, but performance in the most recent period was actually equivalent to performance in the 1980s.
Lipid Transfer Proteins and Membrane Contact Sites in Human Cancer
Creators: name: Peretti, Diego
name: Kim, SoHui
name: Tufi, Roberta
name: Lev, Sima
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cell and Developmental Biology
LTPs
MCSs
cancer
calcium
lipids

description: Lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs) were initially discovered as cytosolic factors that facilitate lipid transport between membrane bilayers in vitro. Since then, many LTPs have been isolated from bacteria, plants, yeast, and mammals, and extensively studied in cell-free systems and intact cells. A major advance in the LTP field was associated with the discovery of intracellular membrane contact sites (MCSs), small cytosolic gaps between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other cellular membranes, which accelerate lipid transfer by LTPs. As LTPs modulate the distribution of lipids within cellular membranes, and many lipid species function as second messengers in key signaling pathways that control cell survival, proliferation, and migration, LTPs have been implicated in cancer-associated signal transduction cascades. Increasing evidence suggests that LTPs play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. This review describes how different LTPs as well as MCSs can contribute to cell transformation and malignant phenotype, and discusses how “aberrant” MCSs are associated with tumorigenesis in human.
Preliminary Abundance Analysis of Galactic Bulge Main Sequence, Subgiant, and Giant Branch Stars Observed During Microlensing with Keck/HIRES
Creators: name: Cavallo, R. M.
name: Cook, K. H.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Vandehei, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an abundance analysis of six main sequence turnoff, subgiant, and giant branch stars toward the Galactic bulge that were observed with Keck/HIRES during microlensing events. This is an early look at the first detailed chemical analysis of main sequence stars in the Galactic bulge. Lensing events allow the effective aperture of Keck to be increased beyond its current dimensions; although, some events still stretched its spectroscopic capabilities. Future large telescopes with high resolution and high throughput spectrometers will allow the study of abundances in distant stellar populations and in less evolved stars with greater ease.
description: 8 pages including 2 figures. To appear in SPIE proceedings on Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation. Uses spie.cls
Pulse-induced switches in a Josephson tunnel stacked device
Creators: name: Pepe, G. P.
name: Peluso, G.
name: Valentino, M.
name: Barone, A.
name: Parlato, L.
name: Esposito, E.
name: Granata, C.
name: Russo, M.
name: De Leo, C.
name: Rotoli, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulse activated transitions from the metastable to the running state and viceversa have been observed in a stacked double tunnel Nb-based Josephson system. Experimental results are compared with numerical simulations based on the Sine-Gordon model of the stacked junctions by injecting pulses with variable amplitude in one of the junctions of the stack, and observing the voltage response of the other junction. Both experimental and numerical results show the possibility to induce both direct and back-switching transitions from the metastable to the running state simply by changing the amplitude of the electronic pulses injected across the stack device.
description: Submitted to Appl.Phys.Letters, May 2001 PDF format: 14 pages, 3 Figures
General Structural Results for Potts Model Partition Functions on Lattice Strips
Creators: name: Chang, Shu-Chiuan
name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a set of general results on structural features of the $q$-state Potts model partition function $Z(G,q,v)$ for arbitrary $q$ and temperature Boltzmann variable $v$ for various lattice strips of arbitrarily great width $L_y$ vertices and length $L_x$ vertices, including (i) cyclic and Möbius strips of the square and triangular lattice, and (ii) self-dual cyclic strips of the square lattice. We also present an exact solution for the chromatic polynomial for the cyclic and Möbius strips of the square lattice with width $L_y=5$ (the greatest width for which an exact solution has been obtained so far for these families). In the $L_x \to \infty$ limit, we calculate the ground-state degeneracy per site, $W(q)$ and determine the boundary ${\cal B}$ across which $W(q)$ is singular in the complex $q$ plane.
description: 49 pages, latex, four postscript figures
Extension of the Random Phase Approximation including the self-consistent coupling to two-phonon contributions
Creators: name: Barbieri, C.
name: Dickhoff, W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic formalism is developed that includes the coupling to two particle-hole phonons in the particle-hole propagator by extending the dressed random phase approximation (DRPA) equation for a finite system. The resulting formalism is applied to study the low-lying excitation spectrum of 16O. It is observed that the coupling to two-phonon states at low energy generates excited states with quantum numbers that cannot be obtained in the DRPA approach. Nevertheless, the two-phonon states mix weakly with particle-hole configurations and participate only partially in the formation of the lowest-lying positive-parity excited states. The stability of the present calculation is tested vs. the truncation of model space. It is demonstrated that when single-particle strength fragmentation is properly considered, the present formalism exhibits convergence with respect to the chosen model space within the confines of the chosen approximation scheme.
description: An instability of RPA (for the sole 0+ chanel) present in the previous version has been solved and clarified, introduction and results have been revised accordingly. The formalism and conlusions remain unchanged. Accepted for pubblication on Phys. Rev. C
Entanglement entropy along a massless renormalisation flow: the tricritical to critical Ising crossover
Creators: name: Rottoli, Federico
name: Ares, Filiberto
name: Calabrese, Pasquale
name: Horváth, Dávid X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Rényi entanglement entropies along the massless renormalisation group flow that connects the tricritical and critical Ising field theories. Similarly to the massive integrable field theories, we derive a set of bootstrap equations, from which we can analytically calculate the twist field form factors in a recursive way. Additionally, we also obtain them as a non-trivial roaming limit of the sinh-Gordon theory. Then the Rényi entanglement entropies are obtained as expansions in terms of the form factors of these branch point twist fields. We find that the form factor expansion of the entanglement entropy along the flow organises in two different kind of terms. Those that couple particles with the same chirality, and reproduce the entropy of the infrared Ising theory, and those that couple particles with different chirality, which provide the ultraviolet contributions. The massless flow under study possesses a global $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin-flip symmetry. We further consider the composite twist fields associated to this group, which enter in the study of the symmetry resolution of the entanglement. We derive analytical expressions for their form factors both from the bootstrap equations and from the roaming limit of the sinh-Gordon theory.
description: 55 pages, 3 figures
Late disruption of central visual field disrupts peripheral perception of form and color
Creators: name: Weldon, Kimberly B.
name: Woolgar, Alexandra
name: Rich, Anina N.
name: Williams, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods

description: Evidence from neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies suggest that visual information about objects in the periphery is fed back to foveal retinotopic cortex in a separate representation that is essential for peripheral perception. The characteristics of this phenomenon have important theoretical implications for the role fovea-specific feedback might play in perception. In this work, we employed a recently developed behavioral paradigm to explore whether late disruption to central visual space impaired perception of color. In the first experiment, participants performed a shape discrimination task on colored novel objects in the periphery while fixating centrally. Consistent with the results from previous work, a visual distractor presented at fixation ~100ms after presentation of the peripheral stimuli impaired sensitivity to differences in peripheral shapes more than a visual distractor presented at other stimulus onset asynchronies. In a second experiment, participants performed a color discrimination task on the same colored objects. In a third experiment, we further tested for this foveal distractor effect with stimuli restricted to a low-level feature by using homogenous color patches. These two latter experiments resulted in a similar pattern of behavior: a central distractor presented at the critical stimulus onset asynchrony impaired sensitivity to peripheral color differences, but, importantly, the magnitude of the effect was stronger when peripheral objects contained complex shape information. These results show a behavioral effect consistent with disrupting feedback to the fovea, in line with the foveal feedback suggested by previous neuroimaging studies.
Interactions between underrepresented students and STEM faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Walzer, Mark Stuart
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2025

description: The success of underrepresented students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields is a topic of concern in higher education. Student-faculty interactions are widely recognized as a support for these students, but the adoption of emergency remote teaching (ERT) during the COVID-19 pandemic changed how these interactions took place. This study used a mixed methods design, analyzing data from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) to determine how student-faculty interaction frequencies changed nationally during ERT. Additional semi-structured interviews were held with underrepresented STEM students and STEM faculty members at a large research university to provide further context on these overall trends. Key findings from the NSSE data include a decrease in student-faculty interaction frequencies during ERT, while key differences among student populations by gender identity, race, and ethnicity remained. Students recounted frustrations over additional obstacles to talking with faculty during ERT, while recognizing the efforts that some instructors made to support them. Faculty members in turn recounted their difficulties with observing students' reactions to their instructional methods, while appreciating the opportunity to learn new instructional techniques and gain a greater understanding of their students' lives. These and other data collected from this research are examined through a conceptual framework using Tinto's (1975) student retention theory, Rendón's (1994) validation theory, and related constructs.
Efficient Semidefinite Programming with approximate ADMM
Creators: name: Rontsis, Nikitas
name: Goulart, Paul J.
name: Nakatsukasa, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Tenfold improvements in computation speed can be brought to the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for Semidefinite Programming with virtually no decrease in robustness and provable convergence simply by projecting approximately to the Semidefinite cone. Instead of computing the projections via "exact" eigendecompositions that scale cubically with the matrix size and cannot be warm-started, we suggest using state-of-the-art factorization-free, approximate eigensolvers, thus achieving almost quadratic scaling and the crucial ability of warm-starting. Using a recent result from [Goulart et al., 2020], we are able to circumvent the numerical instability of the eigendecomposition and thus maintain tight control on the projection accuracy. This in turn guarantees convergence, either to a solution or a certificate of infeasibility, of the ADMM algorithm. To achieve this, we extend recent results from [Banjac et al., 2019] to prove that reliable infeasibility detection can be performed with ADMM even in the presence of approximation errors. In all of the considered problems of SDPLIB that "exact" ADMM can solve in a few thousand iterations, our approach brings a significant, up to 20x, speedup without a noticeable increase on ADMM's iterations.
Impact of Landing Fee Policy on Airlines’ Service Decisions, Financial Performance and Airport Congestion
Creators: name: Wei, Wenbin
name: Wei, Wenbin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The airline industry has been changed significantly after the September 11th of 2001, while delay and congestion at airport have been consistently a problem to passengers, airlines and airports since the last decade of the 20th century. Most of previous methods to reduce airport delay and congestion mainly focus on airport capacity expansion through building new runways, which incurs billions of dollars. Due to the complexity and dynamics in the aviation system, there is little study, theoretically or practically, on applying administrative and economic polices to reduce airport congestion and delays without huge investment in building more runways. In this paper, we study how airport landing fee policy could influence airlines’ service decisions and affect airlines’ financial performance and airport congestion. This research is based on our previous studies of the cost economics of aircraft size and of market share modeling for airlines using different aircraft size and service frequency in a competitive environment. In this paper, we propose a one-shot simultaneous gametheoretic model for two airlines competing in a non-cooperative duopoly market. We assume that airlines are profit maximizers – they make their own best operation decisions in order to achieve the maximum profit. Specifically, we study how the changes of airport landing fee policy could influence airlines’ decisions on aircraft size and service frequency in their operations, and how the changes could influence airlines’ profit, as well as congestions and delays at airport. Our researches find that, due to the properties of cost function and market share model, airlines’ optimal aircraft size and service frequency depend on the landing fees charged by the airport, and higher landing fee will force airlines to use larger aircraft and less frequency for the same number of passengers in service. We find that airlines’ load factor will be increased if higher landing fee policy is employed. We also find that, very interestingly, airlines will be better off if some of the extra landing fees are returned to airlines as a bonus for airlines using larger aircraft and consequently reducing airport congestion. Since airport capacity depends on the size of aircraft in operations, using larger aircraft and less frequency to serve the same number of passengers will significantly reduce airport congestion and delays. We also propose further researches in this area by applying cost model, market share model and game-theoretic models to understand how government policy could affect airlines’ behavior and airport performance in different demand and market scenarios.
Technomyrmex hispaniolae
Creators: name: Heterick, Brian E.
name: Shattuck, Steve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Technomyrmex
Technomyrmex hispaniolae

description: Technomyrmex hispaniolae (Wilson)
 Iridomyrmex hispaniolae Wilson, 1985b: 32.
 Types. Holotype worker from Dominican amber (Miocene).
 Comments. Shattuck (1992a) considered this species to belong to Linepithema, while Brandão et al. (1998) and Bolton (2007) recognized it as being a Technomyrmex.
description: Published as part of Heterick, Brian E. & Shattuck, Steve, 2011, Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 2845, pp. 1-174 in Zootaxa 2845 (1) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2845.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5287811
Manipulating the Quantum State of an Electrical Circuit
Creators: name: Vion, D.
name: Aassime, A.
name: Cottet, A.
name: Joyez, P.
name: Pothier, H.
name: Urbina, C.
name: Esteve, D.
name: Devoret, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have designed and operated a superconducting tunnel junction circuit that behaves as a two-level atom: the ``quantronium''. An arbitrary evolution of its quantum state can be programmed with a series of microwave pulses, and a projective measurement of the state can be performed by a pulsed readout sub-circuit. The measured quality factor of quantum coherence Qphi=25000 is sufficiently high that a solid-state quantum processor based on this type of circuit can be envisioned.
description: 4 figures included
LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE VALUE PRICING PILOT PROGRAM
Creators: name: DeCorla-Souza, Patrick
name: Lee, Susan
name: Jacobs, Angela
name: DeCorla-Souza, Patrick
name: Lee, Susan
name: Jacobs, Angela
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Value pricing projects implemented in the U.S. during the past decade have demonstrated that pricing can be politically and publicly acceptable – so far, four priced lane projects and four variably priced toll facility projects are operating without any significant public or political controversy. On operating projects, pricing keeps congestion from occurring on priced lanes, reduces congestion on toll facilities, changes travel behavior, and improves utilization of existing highway capacity. Revenues from tolls have been used to provide funding for transportation improvements. Yet, issues remain with regard to public attitudes toward projects involving tolls; equity concerns; and political acceptance. Technical issues have also stalled several projects, including high construction costs that limit self-financing capability; access to and egress from priced lanes within freeways; and difficulties with regard to enforcement of toll exemption restrictions for high-occupancy vehicles (HOVs) on priced lanes. Private sector involvement in investment and operation of priced lanes has also encountered problems. This paper summarizes the promises and challenges of value pricing, and how the challenges are being addressed in the various projects implemented or under development under the Value Pricing Pilot Program.
title: A Histological Examination of Enamel Microevolution over 2000 Years of Human History using British Populations
Creators: name: Aris, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: The study of permanent enamel thickness and secretion rates of ameloblasts have yielded insights into the evolution of enamel when compared between hominin species. However, the study of modern human permanent tooth enamel has received far less attention, particularly regarding daily secretion rates (DSRs) and changes over time between populations. Moreover, enamel thickness and DSRs have rarely been analysed in conjunction for human samples. The research here uses dental histological thin sections to examine inner, mid, and outer DSRs for lateral and cuspal enamel, and the average (AET), relative (RET), cuspal (CT), and lateral (LT) thickness, for permanent first molar, upper canine, and upper first incisor crowns, from five British populations spanning the last 2000 years of history. The populations cover the Roman period (1-4AD) to modern day. A total of 265 teeth were analysed: first molar (n=115), upper canine (n=69), and upper first incisor (n=81). Results display consistent and significant trends towards decreasing DSRs from the ancient to modern populations. This was observed in all first molar cuspal regions (inner p<0.001, mid p<0.001, and outer p<0.001) and the inner and outer lateral regions (inner p=0.01 and mid p<0.001), in all upper first incisor cuspal and lateral regions (all p<0.001), and in all upper canine cuspal and lateral regions (all p<0.001). Enamel thickness features revealed less inter-population variation in first molars. The Early Anglo-Saxon RET was significantly larger than that of the Late Anglo-Saxon (p<0.001) and Medieval (p<0.001) populations. The Modern-day population LT was significantly thicker than the Roman populations (p=0.04). These differences allude to potential differences in diet between these populations. Alongside the differences seen between populations, the data provides the first major evidence for changes in the daily rate of enamel growth in human permanent dentition between populations. That similar variation was not observed in enamel thickness suggests thickness and growth can vary significantly and independently between human population.