cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Impact of Galaxy Clusters on UHECR propagation
Creators: name: Condorelli, Antonio
name: Biteau, Jonathan
name: Adam, Remi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters are the universe's largest objects in the universe kept together by gravity. Most of their baryonic content is made of a magnetized diffuse plasma. We investigate the impact of such magnetized environment on ultra-high-energy-cosmic-ray (UHECR) propagation. The intracluster medium is described according to the self-similar assumption, in which the gas density and pressure profiles are fully determined by the cluster mass and redshift. The magnetic field is scaled to the thermal components of the intracluster medium under different assumptions. We model the propagation of UHECRs in the intracluster medium using a modified version of the Monte Carlo code {\it SimProp}, where hadronic processes and diffusion in the turbulent magnetic field are implemented. We provide a universal parametrization that approximates the UHECR fluxes escaping from the environment as a function of the most relevant quantities, such as the mass of the cluster, the position of the source with respect to the center of the cluster and the nature of the accelerated particles. We show that galaxy clusters are an opaque environment especially for UHECR nuclei. The role of the most massive nearby clusters in the context of the emerging UHECR astronomy is finally discussed.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, resived by ApJ
Objekte im digitalen Diskurs – epistemologische Zugänge zu Objekten durch Digitalisierung und diskursive Einbindung in virtuelle Forschungsumgebungen und -infrastrukturen
Creators: name: Bender, Michael
name: Kollatz, Thomas
name: Rapp, Andrea
Publisher: name: Edition Topoi
Year: 2018

description: Der Beitrag befasst sich zum einen mit dem Diskurs über die Digitalität von Objekten, nimmt also Digitalisate oder Repräsentationen von physischen Objekten als (neue) Entitäten in den Blick. Dabei werden die spezifischen Eigenschaften der Objekte und die sich dadurch eröffnenden epistemolo­gischen Zugänge diskutiert. Zum anderen werden im Hinblick auf diese Zugänge neue Erkenntnis- und Wissensgenerierungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt, die computergestützte Untersuchung von digita­len Objekten, ihre Einbindung in die Strukturen virtueller Forschungsumgebungen bzw. –infrastrukturen, die Anwendung diskursiver und kollaborativer Praktiken der Annotation und Vernet­zung sowie die Aufbereitung für algorithmische Analysen und Visualisierungsverfahren bieten können.
Pentagon, Hexagon, or Bridge? Identifying the Location of a Single Vanadium Cation on Buckminsterfullerene Surface
Creators: name: Xu, Jianzhi
name: Bakker, Joost M.
name: Lushchikova, Olga V.
name: Lievens, Peter
name: Janssens, Ewald
name: Hou, Gao-Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Buckminsterfullerene C60 has received extensive research interest ever since its discovery. In addition to its interesting intrinsic properties of exceptional stability and electron-accepting ability, the broad chemical tunability by decoration or substitution on the C60-fullerene surface makes it a fascinating molecule. However, to date there is uncertainty about the binding location of such decorations on the C60 surface, even for a single adsorbed metal atom. In this work, we report the gas-phase synthesis of the C60V+ complex and its in-situ characterization by mass spectrometry and in-frared spectroscopy with the help of quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. We identify the most probable binding position of a vanadium cation on C60 above a pentagon center in eta5-fashion, demonstrate a high thermal stability for this complex, and explore the bonding nature between C60 and the vanadium cation, reveal-ing that large orbital and electrostatic interactions lie at the origin of the stability of the eta5-C60V+ complex.
description: 29 pages (11 pages for main text and 17 pages for the supporting information)
Das objektepistemologische Potential des Affordanzkonzeptes James Gibsons und seine Bedeutung als Grundlage von 'Objektbiographien‘
Creators: name: Jung, Matthias
Publisher: name: Edition Topoi
Year: 2018

description: Ziel des Beitrages ist es, die hinter dem Verfassen von ‚Objektbiographien‘ archäologischer Gegenstände stehenden Intentionen aufzunehmen und zugleich die mit derartigen ‚Biographien‘ verbundenen Schwierigkeiten, insbesondere die Anthropomorphisierung von Objektenund deren Aufwertung zu Handlungsinstanzen, zu vermeiden. Zu diesem Zweckwerden die objektepistemolo­gischen Potentiale zum einen der sozialwissenschaftlichen Methodologie der Objektiven Hermeneutik und zum anderen des wahrnehmungspsychologischen Affordanzkonzeptes von James Gibson herausgearbeitet und anhand einer Fallstudie erläutert.
AI4Food-NutritionFW: A Novel Framework for the Automatic Synthesis and Analysis of Eating Behaviours
Creators: name: Romero-Tapiador, Sergio
name: Tolosana, Ruben
name: Morales, Aythami
name: Espinosa-Salinas, Isabel
name: Freixer, Gala
name: Fierrez, Julian
name: Vera-Rodriguez, Ruben
name: Pau, Enrique Carrillo de Santa
name: de Molina, Ana Ramírez
name: Ortega-Garcia, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nowadays millions of images are shared on social media and web platforms. In particular, many of them are food images taken from a smartphone over time, providing information related to the individual's diet. On the other hand, eating behaviours are directly related to some of the most prevalent diseases in the world. Exploiting recent advances in image processing and Artificial Intelligence (AI), this scenario represents an excellent opportunity to: i) create new methods that analyse the individuals' health from what they eat, and ii) develop personalised recommendations to improve nutrition and diet under specific circumstances (e.g., obesity or COVID). Having tunable tools for creating food image datasets that facilitate research in both lines is very much needed. This paper proposes AI4Food-NutritionFW, a framework for the creation of food image datasets according to configurable eating behaviours. AI4Food-NutritionFW simulates a user-friendly and widespread scenario where images are taken using a smartphone. In addition to the framework, we also provide and describe a unique food image dataset that includes 4,800 different weekly eating behaviours from 15 different profiles and 1,200 subjects. Specifically, we consider profiles that comply with actual lifestyles from healthy eating behaviours (according to established knowledge), variable profiles (e.g., eating out, holidays), to unhealthy ones (e.g., excess of fast food or sweets). Finally, we automatically evaluate a healthy index of the subject's eating behaviours using multidimensional metrics based on guidelines for healthy diets proposed by international organisations, achieving promising results (99.53% and 99.60% accuracy and sensitivity, respectively). We also release to the research community a software implementation of our proposed AI4Food-NutritionFW and the mentioned food image dataset created with it.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
Additional file 4 of Trial of remote continuous versus intermittent NEWS monitoring after major surgery (TRaCINg): a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Downey, C. L.
name: J. Croft
name: G. Ainsworth
name: H. Buckley
name: B. Shinkins
name: R. Randell
name: J. M. Brown
name: D. G. Jayne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4:. Sources of confirmed sepsis (some participants experienced more than one source per sepsis event).
Dingidentitäten und Objekttransformationen
Creators: name: Hofmann, Kerstin P.
Publisher: name: Edition Topoi
Year: 2018

description: Editionen – eine spezifische Gattung der Wissenschaftsliteratur – spielen nicht nur in der Philologie, sondern als umfangreiche Materialpublikationen auch in der Archäologie eine zentrale Rolle. Ihre Bedeutung für die archäologische Wissensgenerierung wurde zwar immer wieder betont, aber bisher nicht systematisch untersucht. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist die Analyse der praxeologischen Verknüpfung von Welt und Abbild beim Editieren archäologischer Quellen mit Hilfe von Latours Konzept der “zirkulierenden Referenz”. Beispielhaftwird diese Übersetzungsarbeit anhand einer im Rahmen des Forschungs- und Editionsprojektes der Prähistorischen Bronzefunde editierten Nadel nachvollzogen. Dabei wird auf Dingidentitäten, Objekttransformationen und (De-)Punktualisierungen sowie den Unterschied von Quellen und Daten im Zuge des Edierens und Kartierens archäologischer (Be-)Funde eingegangen.
title: Use of the BRFSS Follow-up Surveys to Assess Awareness of the Massachusetts Medicaid Cessation Benefit
Creators: name: Paskowsky, Mark
name: Keithly, Lois
name: Chen, Lili
name: Li, Wenjun
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Background: Conducting a BRFSS follow-up survey is an effective method for evaluating special program initiatives. Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program (MTCP) staff designed a brief telephone questionnaire to measure awareness of a new tobacco cessation benefit for the Medicaid population and to identify barriers to utilization of the benefit.

Methods: A telephone call back was conducted by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) from April 2007 – October 2007, 10-16 months after implementation of the smoking cessation benefit. It consisted of a sample of BRFSS respondents between the ages of 18 and 64 years interviewed between March 2007 and September 2007 who agreed to be called back for a follow-up survey. The data consists mainly of smoking and smoking cessation-related questions, insurance related questions, and questions regarding healthcare utilization.

Results: Sixty-two percent of BRFSS respondents provided consent to participate in the follow-up survey. Of those, forty-three percent responded to the survey. Of the 2,399 follow-up survey completions, 487 were Medicaid members. Survey results show that Medicaid smokers at follow-up had a high awareness of quitline services (64%) and the benefit (32%). Compared to non-Medicaid smokers, more Medicaid smokers reported intentions to use tobacco cessation medication if referred by a health care provider (55% vs. 47%, p=.04).

Conclusions: Using the BRFSS call-back survey approach made it possible to administer the survey to smokers in the Medicaid population without a laborious and expensive process of screening Medicaid eligible smokers from the general population. Thus, the approach is cost-effective and population-based. The results showed high awareness of quitline services and smoking cessation of the Medicaid smoking cessation benefit, and, most importantly, a higher rate of reported intention to use cessation medication among the Medicaid smoking population.
Verschwunden aber nicht vergessen
Creators: name: Reiche, Ina
Publisher: name: Edition Topoi
Year: 2018

description: Auf der Grundlage nicht-invasiver naturwissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen des verschwundenen Dekors an Elfenbeinschnitzereien aus Arslan Tash, 8. Jahrhundert v. u. Z., Syrien, kann illustriert und diskutiert werden, welche Rolle neue chemisch-physikalische Analysetechniken in der Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse spielen können, um die Materialität von Objekten besser wahrzunehmen und deren Funktion genauer definieren zu können. Durch materialanalytische Verfahren lässt sich das für uns sichtbare Erscheinungsbild der Objekte ergänzen. Damit haben naturwissenschaftliche Methoden das Potential zu neuen Ding-Erkenntnissen jenseits unserer menschlichen Sinneswahrnehmung. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich durch taphonomische Prozesse auch die materiellen Eigen­schaften der Dinge und damit ihre Materialität im Sinne der Wirkung, die sie auf uns haben, verän­dern. Dies führt auch zu einem veränderten Umgang mit ihnen in der Gegenwart.
title: Understanding Health Utilities in Women with Urinary Incontinence
Creators: name: Patterson, Danielle
name: Flynn, Michael
name: Stachowski, Courtney
name: Morse, Abraham
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the health utility of UI in women as derived from the EQ-5D with the gold standard, the Standard Gamble. The secondary aim of this study was to compare health utility values of affected patients to healthy controls.

Materials and Methods: Clinical diagnosis was categorized as normal, stress, mixed or urge urinary incontinence. Healthy controls were read a scenario for stress or mixed UI. All subjects completed the Sandvik Severity Index (SSI), EQ-5D, and Standard Gamble (SG) conversation.

Results: 50 healthy controls and 119 affected subjects were recruited. The mean utility value for incontinence varied based on method: EQ-5D (0.78 + 0.17) and SG (0.85 + 0.20). There was a significant difference between utility scores derived from SG and EQ-5D (p=0.0004). This significant difference was maintained in the subset of women with SUI: EQ-5D (0.81 + 0.16), SG (0.87 + 0.18), p=0.028; but not in women with MUI or UUI. When comparing healthy controls to women with SUI, there were significant differences in the utility values derived by SG (0.76 + 0.26 vs. 0.87 + 0.18, p=0.07) but not by EQ-5D. When comparing healthy controls to women with MUI, there was also a significant difference in the utility derived by SG (0.92 + 0.10 vs. 0.75 + 0.21, p=0.01) but not by EQ-5D. SSI scores moderately correlated with SG utility values and strongly correlated with EQ-5D utility values. Logistic regression analysis showed that utility values were unaffected by age and menopausal status.

Conclusion: This study suggests that using the EQ-5D to quantify the utility of UI may over-estimate the degree of bother when compared to SG assessment. This is important because the SG process more closely approximates the decision to undergo surgery. Relying on the EQ-5D to assess health utilities in women with UI may not be valid.
Strong Subadditivity and Emergent Surface
Creators: name: Chen, Bin
name: Long, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce two bounds which we call the Upper Differential Entropy and the Lower Differential Entropy for an infinite family of intervals(strips) in quantum field theory. The two bounds are equal provided that the theory is translational invariant and the entanglement entropy varies smoothly with respect to the interval. When the theory has a holographic dual, strong subadditivity of entanglement entropy indicates that there is always an emergent surface whose gravitational entropy is exactly given by the bound.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, replace "residual entropy" to "differential entropy"
3D Muographic Inversion in the Exploration of Cavities and Low-density Fractured Zones
Creators: name: Balázs, László
name: Nyitrai, Gábor
name: Surányi, Gergely
name: Hamar, Gergő
name: Barnaföldi, Gergely Gábor
name: Varga, Dezső
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muography is an imaging tool based on the attenuation of cosmic muons to observe the density distribution of large objects, such as underground caves or fractured zones. Tomography based on muography measurements -- that is, three dimensional reconstruction of density distribution from two dimensional muon flux maps -- brings up special challenges. The detector field of view covering must be as balanced as possible, considering the muon flux drop at higher zenith angles and the detector placement possibilities. The inversion from directional muon fluxes to 3D density map is usually underdetermined (more voxels than measurements) which can be unstable due to partial coverage. This can be solved by geologically relevant Bayesian constraints. The Bayesian principle results in parameter bias and artifacts. In this work, the linearized (density-length based) inversion is applied, the methodology is explained, formulating the constraints associated with inversion to ensure the stability of parameter fitting. After testing the procedure on synthetic examples, an actual high quality muography measurement data set from 7 positions is used as input for the inversion. The result demonstrates the tomographic imaging of a complex karstic crack zone and provides details on the complicated internal structures. The existence of low density zones in the imaged space was verified by samples from core drills, which consist altered dolomite powder within the intact high density dolomite.
description: submitted to Geophys. J. Int
Additional file 3 of Trial of remote continuous versus intermittent NEWS monitoring after major surgery (TRaCINg): a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Downey, C. L.
name: J. Croft
name: G. Ainsworth
name: H. Buckley
name: B. Shinkins
name: R. Randell
name: J. M. Brown
name: D. G. Jayne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3:. Details of surgical procedures received by participants in the TRaCINg study.
Neural Modelling of Dynamic Systems with Time Delays Based on an Adjusted NEAT Algorithm
Creators: name: Laddach, Krzysztof
name: Łangowski, Rafał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A problem related to the development of an algorithm designed to find an architecture of artificial neural network used for black-box modelling of dynamic systems with time delays has been addressed in this paper. The proposed algorithm is based on a well-known NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) algorithm. The NEAT algorithm has been adjusted by allowing additional connections within an artificial neural network and developing original specialised evolutionary operators. This resulted in a compromise between the size of neural network and its accuracy in capturing the response of the mathematical model under which it has been learnt. The research involved an extended validation study based on data generated from a mathematical model of an exemplary system as well as the fast processes occurring in a pressurised water nuclear reactor. The obtaining simulation results demonstrate the high effectiveness of the devised neural (black-box) models of dynamic systems with time delays.
description: Conference paper
Additional file 1 of Variation under domestication in animal models: the case of the Mexican axolotl
Creators: name: Torres-Sánchez, María
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Material. The file includes supplementary Tables S1–S9 and supplementary Figures S1–S4. Table S1. Sample information. Table S2. Sample information for the case/control phenotype-genotype association analysis. Table S3. Transitions and transversions in numbers. Table S4. Minor allele frequency information for SNVs. Table S5. PANTHER enrichment test results. Table S6. Dimension information of the multidimensional scaling analysis. Table S7. Pairwise FST between projects. Table S8. Variants associated to the pigment phenotype. Table S9. SNVs per chromosome. Figure S1. Multidimensional scaling analysis. Figure S2. Likelihood of the admixture analysis for the 146 samples. Figure S3. Sample relations. Figure S4. Likelihood of the admixture analysis for the 38-sample subset
Deep Learning Based Dominant Index Lesion Segmentation for MR-guided Radiation Therapy of Prostate Cancer
Creators: name: Simeth, Josiah
name: Jiang, Jue
name: Nosov, Anton
name: Wibmer, Andreas
name: Zelefsky, Michael
name: Tyagi, Neelam
name: Veeraraghavan, Harini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Dose escalation radiotherapy allows increased control of prostate cancer (PCa) but requires segmentation of dominant index lesions (DIL), motivating the development of automated methods for fast, accurate, and consistent segmentation of PCa DIL. We evaluated five deep-learning networks on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MRI from 500 lesions in 365 patients arising from internal training Dataset 1 (1.5Tesla GE MR with endorectal coil), external ProstateX Dataset 2 (3Tesla Siemens MR), and internal inter-rater Dataset 3 (3Tesla Philips MR). The networks include: multiple resolution residually connected network (MRRN) and MRRN regularized in training with deep supervision (MRRN-DS), Unet, Unet++, ResUnet, and fast panoptic segmentation (FPSnet) as well as fast panoptic segmentation with smoothed labels (FPSnet-SL). Models were evaluated by volumetric DIL segmentation accuracy using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and detection accuracy, as a function of lesion aggressiveness, size, and location (Dataset 1 and 2), and accuracy with respect to two-raters (on Dataset 3). In general MRRN-DS more accurately segmented tumors than other methods on the testing datasets. MRRN-DS significantly outperformed ResUnet in Dataset2 (DSC of 0.54 vs. 0.44, p<0.001) and the Unet++ in Dataset3 (DSC of 0.45 vs. p=0.04). FPSnet-SL was similarly accurate as MRRN-DS in Dataset2 (p = 0.30), but MRRN-DS significantly outperformed FPSnet and FPSnet-SL in both Dataset1 (0.60 vs 0.51 [p=0.01] and 0.54 [p=0.049] respectively) and Dataset3 (0.45 vs 0.06 [p=0.002] and 0.24 [p=0.004] respectively). Finally, MRRN-DS produced slightly higher agreement with experienced radiologist than two radiologists in Dataset 3 (DSC of 0.45 vs. 0.41).
description: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36856092/
Strong coupling between excitons in organic semiconductors and Bloch Surface Waves
Creators: name: Pirotta, Stefano
name: Patrini, Maddalena
name: Liscidini, Marco
name: Galli, Matteo
name: Dacarro, Giacomo
name: Canazza, Giancarlo
name: Guizzetti, Giorgio
name: Comoretto, Davide
name: Bajoni, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the strong coupling between the Bloch surface wave supported by an inorganic multilayer structure and $J$-aggregate excitons in an organic semiconductor. The dispersion curves of the resulting polariton modes are investigated by means of angle-resolved attenuated total reflection as well as photoluminescence experiments. The measured Rabi splitting is 290 meV. These results are in good agreement with those obtained from our theoretical model.
Toward the Standard Population Synthesis Model of the X-Ray Background: Evolution of X-Ray Luminosity and Absorption Functions of Active Galactic Nuclei Including Compton-Thick Populations
Creators: name: Ueda, Yoshihiro
name: Akiyama, Masayuki
name: Hasinger, Guenther
name: Miyaji, Takamitsu
name: Watson, Michael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the most up-to-date X-ray luminosity function (XLF) and absorption function of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) over the redshift range from 0 to 5, utilizing the largest, highly complete sample ever available obtained from surveys performed with Swift/BAT, MAXI, ASCA, XMM-Newton, Chandra, and ROSAT. The combined sample, including that of the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey, consists of 4039 detections in the soft (0.5--2 keV) and/or hard ($>2$ keV) band. We utilize a maximum likelihood method to reproduce the count-rate versus redshift distribution for each survey, by taking into account the evolution of the absorbed fraction, the contribution from Compton-thick (CTK) AGNs, and broad band spectra of AGNs including reflection components from tori based on the luminosity and redshift dependent unified scheme. We find that the shape of the XLF at $z \sim 1-3$ is significantly different from that in the local universe, for which the luminosity dependent density evolution model gives much better description than the luminosity and density evolution model. These results establish the standard population synthesis model of the X-Ray Background (XRB), which well reproduces the source counts, the observed fractions of CTK AGNs, and the spectrum of the hard XRB. The number ratio of CTK AGNs to the absorbed Compton-thin (CTN) AGNs is constrained to be $\approx$0.5--1.6 to produce the 20--50 keV XRB intensity within present uncertainties, by assuming that they follow the same evolution as CTN AGNs. The growth history of supermassive black holes is discussed based on the new AGN bolometric luminosity function.
description: 33 pages including 48 figures and 6 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 2 of Trial of remote continuous versus intermittent NEWS monitoring after major surgery (TRaCINg): a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Downey, C. L.
name: J. Croft
name: G. Ainsworth
name: H. Buckley
name: B. Shinkins
name: R. Randell
name: J. M. Brown
name: D. G. Jayne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2:. Details of surgical procedures received by participants in the TRaCINg study.
Additional file 1 of Trial of remote continuous versus intermittent NEWS monitoring after major surgery (TRaCINg): a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Downey, C. L.
name: J. Croft
name: G. Ainsworth
name: H. Buckley
name: B. Shinkins
name: R. Randell
name: J. M. Brown
name: D. G. Jayne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1:. Decision tree for cost-utility analysis.
title: Is pancreatic cancer palliatable? A national study
Creators: name: Ragulin Coyne, Elizaveta
name: Smith, Jillian K.
name: Witkowski, Elan R.
name: Chau Ng, Sing
name: McDade, Theodore P.
name: Shah, Shimul A.
name: Tseng, Jennifer F.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Background: Pancreatic cancer is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages where potentially curative resection is no longer possible. Palliative procedures can be performed; however, results on a national level are unknown. This study examines pancreatic cancer patients who underwent potentially palliative procedures including gastric bypass, biliary bypass surgery, celiac block, biliary stent, gastrostomy or jejunostomy, and examines post-intervention complications and 30-day mortality.

Methods: SEER-Medicare 1991-2005 was used to identify patients with Stage 3-4 pancreatic cancer. Complication rates were calculated including post-op infection, myocardial infarction, aspiration pneumonia, DVT/PE, pulmonary compromise, gastric bleed, acute renal failure, and reoperation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. Finally, Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to control for the effects of age, sex, race, stage, and resection.

Results: Of 22,314 pancreatic cancer patients, 858 (3.9%) patients were Stage 3, and 11,149 (50.0%) stage 4. Post-procedure median survival for all patients is approximately two months, with longest survival for biliary bypass patients (3.2mo, 95% CI(2.9-3.7), and lowest survival for jejunostomy 1.3 mo (1.2-1.5) and gastrostomy 1.5 mo (1.4-1.8). Post-procedure 30-day mortality was highest for gastrostomy patients at 41.5%; followed by jejunostomy (39.1%), celiac plexus block (30.0%), gastric bypass (23.8%), biliary bypass (17.8%), and biliary stent (21.2%). The rate of complications averaged 40%, with highest rate for gastrostomy (47.4%) and gastric bypass (45.3%) and lowest for celiac plexus block (29.3%). Stage 4 disease was an independent predictor of death for patients undergoing five out of six procedures.

Conclusion: We found that morbidity and mortality of palliative procedures in unresectable pancreatic cancer is high, especially in stage 4 patients. Further studies need to be conducted to identify patients who will have sufficient expected post-procedure survival to benefit from these palliative interventions.
Additional file 2 of Accounting for regional transmission variability and the impact of malaria control interventions in Ghana: a population level mathematical modelling approach
Creators: name: Awine, Timothy
name: Silal, Sheetal P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: (DOCX 1595 KB).
title: Caspase-1-dependent, IL-1ß-mediated alcoholic steatohepatitis is ameliorated by IL-1 receptor antagonist treatment in mice
Creators: name: Petrasek, Jan
name: Bala, Shashi
name: Lippai, Dora
name: Kodys, Karen
name: Menashy, Victoria
name: Barrieau, Matthew
name: Kurt-Jones, Evelyn A.
name: Szabo, Gyongyi
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by steatosis and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β. IL-1β, Type-I IL-1 receptor (IL1R1) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) are all part of the IL-1 superfamily that play a role in inflammation. IL-1β maturation is dependent on Caspase-1. Using wild-type (WT), Caspase-1-, IL-1R1- and IL-1Ra deficient mice fed with Lieber-DeCarli alcohol or control diet, we have identified that signaling mediated by the active IL-1β was required for development of alcohol-induced steatosis, inflammation and injury. Increased IL-1β was due to upregulation of Caspase-1 activity and inflammatory activation. The pathogenic role of IL-1 signaling in ALD was attributable to the presence of IL-1R1 on liver parenchymal cells. Importantly, in vivo intervention with recombinant IL-1Ra, Anakinra, which blocks IL-1 signaling, significantly attenuated both liver steatosis and inflammation. In primary hepatocytes, physiological doses of IL-1β induced steatosis and upregulated the inflammatory and pro-steatotic chemokine MCP-1. MCP-1, but not IL-1β induced hepatocyte cytotoxicity at concentrations found in ALD.

In conclusion, we demonstrate that Caspase-1-dependent upregulation of IL-1β and signaling mediated by IL-1 is crucial in the pathogenesis of ALD in a cell specific manner. Our findings suggest a potential role of IL-1Ra in the treatment of ALD.
Additional file 1 of Accounting for regional transmission variability and the impact of malaria control interventions in Ghana: a population level mathematical modelling approach
Creators: name: Awine, Timothy
name: Silal, Sheetal P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: (DOCX 164 KB).
title: Serum sodium values and their association with adverse outcomes in moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Creators: name: Rivera Lara, Lucia
name: Muehlschlegel, Susanne
name: Carandang, Raphael A.
name: Ouillette, Cynthia
name: Hall, Wiley R.
name: Anderson Jr., Frederick A.
name: Goldberg, Robert J.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Hypernatremia  in  neurocritically  ill  patients  has  been  associated  with  worse  neurological  outcomes.  There may, however, be a treatment effect from osmotherapy combating herniation and hyponatremia, which in turn may exacerbate brain edema, resulting in iatrogenic sodium repletion. In moderate-severe TBI, serum sodium (sNa) disturbances are common, but their impact on patient outcomes is unknown. In a prospective observational cohort study of 144 consecutive moderate-severe TBI patients admitted to a Level  I  trauma  center  (UMASS)  over  the  period  11/2009–11/2011,  we  examined  the  association  of  mean,  nadir,  and  peak  sNa  and  hospital  discharge  neurological  outcome  (Glasgow  Outcome  Scale  [GOS]).  The  mean  age  of  this  cohort  was  51  years,  70%  were  men,  and  the  median  GCS  and  injury  severity  scores  were  5  and  32,  respectively.  Using  ordinal  regression  analysis,  controlling  for  admission  variables,  length  of  ICU  stay,  severity  of  injury,  presence  of  brain  edema  on  head  CT,  administered  hypertonic saline and mannitol, higher mean (p<0.001), higher peak (p=0.01), and higher nadir (p<0.001) sNa  values  were  significantly  associated  with  worse  outcome.  Our  findings  suggest  that  higher  sNa  values   are   associated   with   worse   neurological   outcome,   independent   of   treatment   effect   by   osmotherapy.
Additional file 1 of Successfully REBOA performance: does medical specialty matter? International data from the ABOTrauma Registry
Creators: name: Hilbert-Carius, Peter
name: McGreevy, David
name: Abu-Zidan, Fikri M.
name: Hörer, Tal M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Medical discipline and where REBOA was performed. Table S2. Medical discipline and how REBOA was performed.
Exotic electronic states in the world of flat bands: from theory to material
Creators: name: Liu, Zheng
name: Liu, Feng
name: Wu, Yong-Shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has long been noticed that special lattices contain single-electron flat bands (FB) without any dispersion. Since the kinetic energy of electrons is quenched in the FB, this highly degenerate energy level becomes an ideal platform to achieve strongly correlated electronic states, such as magnetism, superconductivity and Wigner crystal. Recently, the FB has attracted increasing interests, because of the possibility to go beyond the conventional symmetry-breaking phases, towards topologically ordered phases, such as lattice versions of fractional quantum Hall states. This article reviews different aspects of FBs in a nutshell. Starting from the standard band theory, we aim to bridge the frontier of FBs with the textbook solid-state physics. Then, based on concrete examples, we show the common origin of FBs in terms of destructive interference, and discuss various many-body phases associated with such a singular band structure. In the end, we demonstrate real FBs in quantum frustrated materials and organometallic frameworks.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
Charm quark mass and D-meson decay constants from two-flavour lattice QCD
Creators: name: Heitger, Jochen
name: von Hippel, Georg M.
name: Schaefer, Stefan
name: Virotta, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a computation of the charm quark's mass and the leptonic D-meson decay constants f_D and f_{D_s} in two-flavour lattice QCD with non-perturbatively O(a) improved Wilson quarks. Our analysis is based on the CLS configurations at two lattice spacings (a=0.065 and 0.048 fm, where the lattice scale is set by f_K) and pion masses ranging down to ~ 190 MeV at L*m_pi > 4, in order to perform controlled continuum and chiral extrapolations with small systematic uncertainties.
description: Presented at the 31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2013), 29 July - 3 August 2013, Mainz, Germany; 7 pages including figures, latex2e, uses PoS.cls
title: Acute Care Surgery Patterns in the Current Era: Results of a Qualitative Study
Creators: name: Santry, Heena
name: Pringle, Patricia L.
name: Emhoff, Timothy A.
name: Velmahos, George C.
name: Britt, L. D.
name: Hargraves, Lee
name: Kiefe, Catarina I.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Introduction: Since Acute Care Surgery (ACS) was first conceptualized as a specialty a decade ago, ACS teams have been widely adopted. Little is known about the structure and function of these teams.

Methods: We conducted 18 open-ended interviews with ACS leaders (1 interview/center representing geographic [New England, Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, South, West, Midwest] and practice [Public/Charity, Community, University] variations). Two independent reviewers analyzed transcribed interviews using an inductive approach to determine major themes in practice variation (NVivo qualitative analysis software).

Results: All respondents described ACS as a specialty treating "time sensitive surgical disease" including trauma, emergency general surgery (EGS), and surgical critical care (SCC). 11/18 combined trauma and EGS into a single clinical team; 6/18 included elective general surgery. Emergency orthopedics, neurosurgery, and triage for all surgical services were rare (1/18 each). 11/18 had blocked OR time. All had a core group of trauma and SCC surgeons; 8/18 shared EGS due to volume, manpower, or competition for EGS call. Many (12/18) had formal morning signout rounds; few (2/18) had prospective EGS data registries. Streamlined access to EGS, evidence-based EGS protocols, and improved communication were considered strengths of ACS. ACS was described as the "last great surgical service" reinvigorated to provide "timely," cost-effective EGS by experts in "resuscitation and critical care" and to attract "young, talented, eager surgeons" to trauma and SCC; however, there was concern that it might become the "waste basket for everything that happens at inconvenient times."

Conclusion: Despite rapid adoption of ACS, its implementation varies widely. Standardization of scope of practice, continuity of care, and registry development may improve EGS outcomes and allow the specialty to thrive.
Optical mapping of non-equilibrium charge carriers
Creators: name: Castro, E. David Guarin
name: Pfenning, A.
name: Hartmann, F.
name: Knebl, G.
name: Teodoro, M. Daldin
name: Marques, Gilmar E.
name: Höfling, S.
name: Bastard, G.
name: Lopez-Richard, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81

description: We investigate the energy relaxation segmentation in a resonant tunneling heterostructures by assessing the optical and transport dynamics of non-equilibrium charge carriers. The electrical and optical properties are analyzed using electronic transport measurements combined with electro- and photoluminescence spectroscopies in continuous-wave mode. The radiative recombination is mainly governed by the creation of heavy holes \textit{via} impact ionization processes. Our results suggest hot electrons and holes populations form independent non-equilibrium systems that do not thermalize among them and with the lattice. Consequently, the carriers effective temperature changes independently at different regions of the heterostructure, with a population distribution for holes colder than for electrons.
description: This version of the manuscript was submitted to the Journal of the Physical Chemistry C. The revised published version can be found at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02173
What bipartite states are lazy
Creators: name: Xu, Jianwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A bipartite state is called lazy if the entropy rate of one subsystem is vanishing for any coupling to the other subsystem. In this paper, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite-dimensional bipartite state to be lazy, and prove that a two-mode Gaussian state is lazy if and only if it is a direct product state.
description: 7 pages, no figure. With corrections to version 1
Weyl functions and the boundary value problem for a matrix nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a semi-strip
Creators: name: Sakhnovich, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rectangular matrix solutions of the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation (dNLS) are considered on a semi-strip. Evolution of the corresponding Weyl function is described in terms of the initial-boundary conditions. Then initial condition is recovered from the boundary conditions. Thus, solutions of dNLS are recovered from the boundary conditions.
Detecting New Visual Binaries in Gaia DR3 with Gaia and 2MASS Photometry I. New Candidate Binaries Within 200 pc of the Sun
Creators: name: Medan, Ilija
name: Lépine, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to identify likely visual binaries in Gaia eDR3 that does not rely on parallax or proper motion. This method utilizes the various PSF sizes of 2MASS/Gaia, where at $<2.5$" two stars may be unresolved in 2MASS but resolved by Gaia. Due to this, if close neighbors listed in Gaia are a resolved pair, the associated 2MASS source will have a predictable excess in the J-band that depends on the $ΔG$ of the pair. We demonstrate that the expected relationship between 2MASS excess and $ΔG$ differs for chance alignments, as compared to true binary systems, when parameters like magnitude and location on the sky are also considered. Using these multidimensional distributions, we compute the likelihood of a close pair of stars to be a chance alignment, resulting in a total(clean) catalog of 68,725(50,230) likely binaries within 200 pc with a completeness rate of $\sim75\%$($\sim64\%$) and contamination rate of $\sim14\%$($\sim0.4\%$). Within this, we find 590 previously unidentified binaries from Gaia eDR3 with projected physical separations $<30$ AU, where 138 systems were previously identified, and for $s<10$ AU we find that 4 out of 15 new likely binaries have not yet been observed with high-resolution imaging. We also demonstrate the potential of our catalog to determine physical separation distributions and binary fraction estimates, from this increase in low separation binaries. Overall, this catalog provides a good complement for the study of local binary populations by probing smaller physical separations and mass ratios, and provides prime targets for speckle monitoring.
description: 23 pages, 17 figures
title: Do antipsychotic dose reduction trials result in worsening behavior among nursing home residents with dementia: a systematic review of the literature
Creators: name: Tjia, Jennifer
name: Kanaan, Abir O.
name: Donovan, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2012

description: Background: While federal regulations require gradual dose reduction trials of antipsychotics prescribed for behavior management in nursing home (NH) residents with dementia, widespread concern about precipitating behavioral disturbances limits implementation. We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials reducing antipsychotic drug use in NH residents to determine best dose reduction practices and risk of behavior escalation.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts between January 1970 and October 2011 using the terms “antipsychotic agent or neuroleptic agent,” “dementia,” “nursing homes,” and “withdrawal.” One investigator reviewed abstracts for inclusion based on: English-language, human subjects, clinical trial, nursing home site, and ≥5 participants, and reported reduction in medications due to an intervention. We excluded review articles and commentaries and secondary analysis of main trial results. The remaining articles were reviewed by 2 investigators for final inclusion, resulting in 9 articles.

Results: The nine articles meeting inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials of both typical and atypical antipsychotics. Study populations ranged in size from 55 to 183 NH residents with dementia and typically targeted patients who were not psychotic and did not have a history of violent behavior. Gradual dose reduction protocols typically followed a strategy of 50% dose reduction per week for 2-3 sequential weeks. Outcomes measured included behavioral problems, cognitive function, and resumption of antipsychotic medications. All 9 studies reported that the majority of residents randomized to gradual dose reductions of antipsychotics had no overall detrimental effect on functional and cognitive status, or exacerbation of behavioral symptoms.

Conclusions: Clinical trials evaluating the withdrawal of antipsychotic medications from NH residents with dementia do not show evidence of rebound behavioral escalation after gradual dose reductions.
Additional file 9 of Perinatal environment shapes microbiota colonization and infant growth: impact on host response and intestinal function
Creators: name: M. Selma-Royo
name: M. Calatayud Arroyo
name: I. García-Mantrana
name: A. Parra-Llorca
name: R. Escuriet
name: C. Martínez-Costa
name: Collado, M. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 9. Epithelial barrier function and maturation of simulated intestinal epithelium of the triple co-culture during the long-term exposure
Additional file 8 of Perinatal environment shapes microbiota colonization and infant growth: impact on host response and intestinal function
Creators: name: M. Selma-Royo
name: M. Calatayud Arroyo
name: I. García-Mantrana
name: A. Parra-Llorca
name: R. Escuriet
name: C. Martínez-Costa
name: Collado, M. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 8. Gene Expression of HT-29 and THP-1 cells after 24 h of fecal supernatant exposure.