cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Floquet Engineering to Reactivate a Dissipative Quantum Battery
Creators: name: Bai, Si-Yuan
name: An, Jun-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an energy storing and converting device near atomic size, a quantum battery (QB) promises enhanced charging power and extractable work using quantum resources. However, the ubiquitous decoherence causes its cyclic charging-storing-discharging process to become deactivated, which is called aging of the QB. Here, we propose a mechanism to overcome the aging of a QB. It is found that the decoherence of the QB is suppressed when two Floquet bound states (FBSs) are formed in the quasienergy spectrum of the total system consisting of the QB-charger setup and their respective environments. As long as either the quasienergies of the two FBSs are degenerate or the QB-charger coupling is large in the presence of two FBSs, the QB exposed to the dissipative environments returns to its near-ideal cyclic stage. Our result supplies an insightful guideline to realize the QB in practice using Floquet engineering.
description: 6 pages and 4 figures in the main text. 4 pages and 2 figures in the supplemental material
New stability results for reaction-diffusion models
Creators: name: De Cataldis, Valentina
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: The present thesis deals with the nonlinear stability analysis of some reaction-diffusion models of interest in applied sciences and biomathematics. In particular, some epidemiological models and a system modeling fluid motions in horizontal porous layers are taking into account. Via some peculiar Liapunov functionals, the optimal result of coincidence between linear and nonlinear stability thresholds is obtained.
Role of generic scale invariance in a Mott transition from a U(1) spin-liquid insulator to a Landau Fermi-liquid metal
Creators: name: Yang, Jinho
name: Jang, Iksu
name: Han, Jae-Ho
name: Kim, Ki-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of generic scale invariance in a Mott transition from a U(1) spin-liquid insulator to a Landau Fermi-liquid metal, where there exist massless degrees of freedom in addition to quantum critical fluctuations. Here, the Mott quantum criticality is described by critical charge fluctuations, and additional gapless excitations are U(1) gauge-field fluctuations coupled to a spinon Fermi surface in the spin-liquid state, which turn out to play a central role in the Mott transition. An interesting feature of this problem is that the scaling dimension of effective leading local interactions between critical charge fluctuations differs from that of the coupling constant between U(1) gauge fields and matter-field fluctuations in the presence of a Fermi surface. As a result, there appear dangerously irrelevant operators, which can cause conceptual difficulty in the implementation of renormalization group (RG) transformations. Indeed, we find that the curvature term along the angular direction of the spinon Fermi surface is dangerously irrelevant at this spin-liquid Mott quantum criticality, responsible for divergence of the self-energy correction term in U(1) gauge-field fluctuations. Performing the RG analysis in the one-loop level based on the dimensional regularization method, we reveal that such extremely overdamped dynamics of U(1) gauge-field fluctuations, which originates from the emergent one-dimensional dynamics of spinons, does not cause any renormalization effects to the effective dynamics of both critical charge fluctuations and spinon excitations. However, it turns out that the coupling between U(1) gauge-field fluctuations and both matter-field excitations still persists at this Mott transition, which results in novel mean-field dynamics to explain the nature of the spin-liquid Mott quantum criticality.
Additional file 2 of Wing tags severely impair movement in African Cape Vultures
Creators: name: Curk, Teja
name: Scacco, Martina
name: Safi, Kamran
name: Wikelski, Martin
name: Fiedler, Wolfgang
name: Kemp, Ryno
name: Wolter, Kerri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. File containing the complete R code to reproduce the data processing and analysis.
Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters V: comparisons with LIGO-Virgo merger rate densities
Creators: name: Banerjee, Sambaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I study the contribution of young massive star clusters (YMCs) and open star clusters (OCs) to the present-day intrinsic merger rate density of dynamically-assembled binary black holes (BBHs). The BBH merger event rate is estimated based on a set of 65 state-of-the-art evolutionary models of star clusters, as presented in Banerjee (2021). These relativistic direct many-body computed models incorporate up-to-date stellar mass loss and remnant formation ingredients. The merger-event rates are obtained by constructing a cluster population of the Universe, out of the models, taking into account mass distribution of clusters and cosmic star formation and enrichment histories, as per observations. The model BBH merger rate density ranges from a pessimistic to a reference value of $0.5{\rm~yr}^{-1}{\rm Gpc}^{-3}-37.9{\rm~yr}^{-1}{\rm Gpc}^{-3}$, for a LIGO-Virgo-like detector horizon. The reference rate well accommodates the BBH merger rate densities estimated from GWTC-1 and GWTC-2 merger-event catalogues. The computed models also yield differential BBH merger rate densities that agree reasonably with those from GWTC-1 and, as well, with the much more constrained ones from GWTC-2. These results suggest that dynamical interactions in YMCs and OCs can, in principle, alone explain the BBH merger rate density and its dependence on the merging-binary properties, as inferred from to-date gravitational-wave (GW) events. The cosmic evolution of merger rate density from the computed models is also studied. The models predict a rate of $\approx5{\rm~yr}^{-1}{\rm Gpc}^{-3}$ for eccentric LIGO-Virgo mergers from YMCs and OCs. The improving constraints on BBH merger rate density with mounting GW events will help constraining scenarios of star cluster formation across cosmic time and as well the relative contributions of the various compact binary merger channels.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. New illustrations and moderately extended text; key results unchanged. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Main Journal. Matches accepted version
Additional file 1 of Wing tags severely impair movement in African Cape Vultures
Creators: name: Curk, Teja
name: Scacco, Martina
name: Safi, Kamran
name: Wikelski, Martin
name: Fiedler, Wolfgang
name: Kemp, Ryno
name: Wolter, Kerri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. File containing supplementary table and figures.
STUDIO DELLE VARIABILI DEFICIT E SURPLUS DELL'EQUILIBRIO FINANZIARIO E ANALISI DEL CONTAGIO FINANZIARIO
Creators: name: Lorino, Mariagrazia
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: La tesi affronta il problema dell'equilibrio finanziario in una formulazione generale. Per farlo, si considera un modello generale di equilibrio di flussi e prezzi che si evolve nel tempo. In particolare, le condizioni di equilibrio valgono in senso dinamico e sono espresse in termini di una disequazione variazionale di evoluzione. Sono dati teoremi di esistenza ed è presentata una formulazione duale dell'equilibrio finanziario in cui compaiono le variabili lagrangiane “deficit” e “surplus”. Queste variabili giocano un ruolo fondamentale per analizzare il modello e per ottenere suggerimenti per la gestione dell'economia mondiale, soprattutto attraverso l'utilizzo della Deficit Formula, della Balance Law e della Liability Formula. D’altra parte, per mezzo di queste variabili lagrangiane, è possibile studiare le eventuali insolvenze relative agli strumenti finanziari e analizzare quando esse si propagano a tutto il sistema, producendo un “contagio finanziario”. Nella tesi viene studiata la regolarità delle soluzioni della disequazione variazionale di evoluzione che governa il modello finanziario. In particolare, essa contiene un risultato di continuità ed uno di lipschitzianità per la soluzione di equilibrio. In essa viene, inoltre, dimostrato un risultato di continuità per le variabili deficit e surplus, sotto le stesse ipotesi che garantiscono la continuità della soluzione di equilibrio. Questo risultato di regolarità permette di applicare una procedura di calcolo in modo da poter determinare la soluzione di equilibrio e, quindi, le variabili lagrangiane. La tesi è strutturata come segue. Nel Capitolo 1 si fanno dei richiami sulle Disequazioni Variazionali e sulla Teoria della Dualità propedeutici ai capitoli seguenti. Nel Capitolo 2, il modello è presentato nel dettaglio, insieme alle condizioni di equilibrio e alla loro formulazione mediante la disequazione variazionale di evoluzione; vengono dati dei risultati di continuità e di Lipschitz continuità per le soluzioni di equilibrio finanziario; è riportata la formulazione duale in cui appaiono le variabili lagrangiane deficit e surplus, attribuendo particolare risalto alla Deficit Formula, alla Balance Law, alla Liability Formula e all'Indice di Valutazione E(t); vengono, quindi, forniti alcuni esempi. Nel Capitolo 3, si dimostra il risultato principale della tesi; si fornisce una procedura computazionale per il calcolo della soluzione di equilibrio; si spiega l'importanza delle variabili deficit e surplus nel caso in cui si vuole analizzare il contagio finanziario. Infine, nell'ultimo capitolo delle Conclusioni, si riassumono i risultati ottenuti.
Holographic Complexity of LST and Single Trace $T\bar{T}$
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Soumangsu
name: Katoch, Gaurav
name: Roy, Shubho R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we continue our study of string theory in the background that interpolates between $AdS_3$ in the IR to flat spacetime with a linear dilaton in the UV. The boundary dual theory interpolates between a CFT$_2$ in the IR to a certain two-dimensional Little String Theory (LST) in the UV. In particular, we study \emph{computational complexity} of such a theory through the lens of holography and investigate the signature of non-locality in the short distance behavior of complexity. When the cutoff UV scale is much smaller than the non-locality (Hagedorn) scale, we find exotic quadratic and logarithmic divergences (for both volume and action complexity) which are not expected in a local quantum field theory. We also generalize our computation to include the effects of finite temperature. Up to second order in finite temperature correction, we do not any find newer exotic UV-divergences compared to the zero temperature case.
description: Appendix A and few references added. 28 pages+1 appendix
Photometric Binaries in 14 Magellanic Cloud Star Clusters
Creators: name: Mohandasan, Anjana
name: Milone, Antonino P.
name: Cordoni, Giacomo
name: Dondoglio, Emanuele
name: Lagioia, Edoardo P.
name: Legnardi, Maria Vittoria
name: Ziliotto, Tuila
name: Jang, Sohee
name: Marino, Anna F.
name: Carlos, Marilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary stars play a major role in determining the dynamic evolution of star clusters. We used images collected with the Hubble Space Telescope to study fourteen Magellanic Clouds star clusters that span an age interval between $\sim 0.6$ and $2.1$ Gyr and masses of $10^{4}-10^{5}$ M$_{\odot}$. We estimated the fraction of binary systems composed of two main-sequence stars and the fraction of candidate blue-straggler stars (BSSs). Moreover, we derived the structural parameters of the cluster, including the core radius, the central density, the mass function, and the total mass. We find that the fraction of binaries with a mass ratio larger than 0.7 ranges from $\sim$7%, in NGC1846, to $\sim$20%, in NGC2108. The radial and luminosity distribution can change from one cluster to another. However, when we combine the results from all the clusters, we find that binaries follow a flat radial trend and no significant correlation with the mass of the primary star. We find no evidence for a relation between the fractions of binaries and BSSs. We combined the results on binaries in the studied Magellanic Cloud clusters with those obtained for 67 Galactic globular clusters and 78 open clusters. We detect a significant anti-correlation between the binary fraction in the core and the mass of the host cluster. However, star clusters with similar masses exhibit a wide range of binary fractions. Conversely, there is no evidence of a correlation between the fraction of binaries and either the cluster age or the dynamic age.
description: 16 figures, 18 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Dal Rischio alla Resilienza degli impianti industriali applicati alla gestione dei sistemi socio - tecnologici
Creators: name: Di Nardo, Mario
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: La Sicurezza degli impianti industriali, divenuta sempre più importante nel corso degli anni, ha richiesto un vero approccio scientifico da parte del mondo della ricerca. Il solo utilizzo del Quantitative Risk Assessment presenta dei limiti che vengono superati grazie al supporto della simulazione. Tuttavia l'analisi condotta risulta, ad ogni modo, limitata al solo ambito incidentale e non riesce in alcun modo ad analizzare quanto l'impianto sia in generale sicuro. Per superare questo limite si introduce il concetto di Resilienza, legato alla Sicurezza degli impianti. Si proposto un modello organizzativo al cui centro ci fosse la Resilienza focalizzandosi sugli aspetti relativi al fattore umano ed al rischio industriale.
title: A Computerized Analysis of Flexible Pavement Rutting Behavior
title: (PAVRUT)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Allen, David L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Flexible pavements are known to fail in several modes, one of which is rutting. In an effort to determine where in the pavement structure and to what extent rutting occurs and to determine the factors that control rutting, a comprehensive laboratory testing program was performed. Various traffic and environmental parameters were controlled in the study; and from the data, mathematical models that describe the rutting characteristics of an asphalt concrete, a dense graded aggregate, and a subgrade soil were formulated. Details of the materials, equipment, and laboratory procedures were reported by Allen in a previous report. Also, the mathematical models were described in that report and are listed again in this report for convenience. A traffic and a temperature model were also formulated to provide necessary input into the rutting models. These are described in this report.  These models have been programmed and collected into a large computer program entitled PAVRUT. Using this program, an estimated rut depth can be calculated for any flexible pavement, assuming the volume and characteristics of the traffic stream are known.
Performance Evaluation of Experimental Paint-Stripe Beads
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Pigman, Jerry G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Eight experimental bead types in addition to Kentucky's currently used bead were applied with standard striping equipment at a field test location. Reflectivity measurements using a portable retroreflectometer were conducted, along with visual observations, to rate each bead type. The objective was to determine whether any of the experimental beads was superior to the currently used bead, and if so, would they be economically feasible for widespread use. The differences in bead types involved gradation, refractive index, and surface coating. Based on performance and economic considerations, it was recommended that Kentucky change its bead gradation specifications to correspond to that for the fine-gradation bead used in this study. The bead type termed "finegradation" in this study did not involve an unusally finely graded bead. It was considered a fine-gradation bead in comparison to Kentucky's currently used bead which has a higher percentage of large beads (beads retained on the No. 30 sieve). No changes in the presently used refractive index or surface coating were recommended.
Probing new physics with the kaon decays $K\toππ\!\not\!\!E$
Creators: name: Geng, Chao-Qiang
name: Tandean, Jusak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The latest search for the rare kaon decay $K^+\toπ^+ν\barν$ by the NA62 experiment has produced evidence for it with a branching fraction consistent with the prediction of the standard model. The new result implies that in this decay, with the $ν\barν$ pair appearing as missing energy ($\not\!\!E$), the room for possible new physics is no longer sizable and that therefore its contributions to underlying four-particle $s\to d\!\not\!\!E$ operators with parity-even $ds$ quark bilinears have become significantly constrained. Nevertheless, we point out that appreciable manifestations from beyond the standard model induced by the corresponding operators with mainly parity-odd $ds$ quark bilinears could still occur in $K\toππ\!\not\!\!E$ modes, on which there are only minimal empirical details at present. We find in particular that new physics of this kind may enhance the branching fraction of $K_L\toπ^0π^0\!\not\!\!E$ to values reaching its current experimental upper limit and the branching fractions of $K^+\toπ^+π^0\!\not\!\!E$ and $K_L\toπ^+π^-\!\not\!\!E$ to the levels of $10^{-7}$ and $10^{-6}$, respectively. Thus, quests for these decays in existing kaon facilities such as KOTO and NA62 or future ones could provide valuable information complementary to that gained from $K\toπ\!\not\!\!E$.
description: 15 pages, no figure, kaon mixing constraint included, references added, matches publication
Tequila: A platform for rapid development of quantum algorithms
Creators: name: Kottmann, Jakob S.
name: Alperin-Lea, Sumner
name: Tamayo-Mendoza, Teresa
name: Cervera-Lierta, Alba
name: Lavigne, Cyrille
name: Yen, Tzu-Ching
name: Verteletskyi, Vladyslav
name: Schleich, Philipp
name: Anand, Abhinav
name: Degroote, Matthias
name: Chaney, Skylar
name: Kesibi, Maha
name: Curnow, Naomi Grace
name: Solo, Brandon
name: Tsilimigkounakis, Georgios
name: Zendejas-Morales, Claudia
name: Izmaylov, Artur F.
name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational quantum algorithms are currently the most promising class of algorithms for deployment on near-term quantum computers. In contrast to classical algorithms, there are almost no standardized methods in quantum algorithmic development yet, and the field continues to evolve rapidly. As in classical computing, heuristics play a crucial role in the development of new quantum algorithms, resulting in high demand for flexible and reliable ways to implement, test, and share new ideas. Inspired by this demand, we introduce tequila, a development package for quantum algorithms in python, designed for fast and flexible implementation, prototyping, and deployment of novel quantum algorithms in electronic structure and other fields. Tequila operates with abstract expectation values which can be combined, transformed, differentiated, and optimized. On evaluation, the abstract data structures are compiled to run on state-of-the-art quantum simulators or interfaces.
Additional file 4 of Quantifying the potential value of antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19: a modelling analysis
Creators: name: Ricks, Saskia
name: Kendall, Emily A.
name: Dowdy, David W.
name: Jilian A. Sacks
name: Schumacher, Samuel G.
name: Arinaminpathy, Nimalan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Summary of cost per death or infectious person-day averted of results presented in the main text.
Electron Emission Channeling for lattice location of radioactive isotopes in single crystals: Improvements from a Timepix3 quad detector and new PyFDD data analysis software
Creators: name: David-Bosne, Eric
name: Costa, Ângelo
name: Bergmann, Benedikt
name: Correia, João Guilherme
name: da Silva, Manuel Ribeiro
name: Burian, Petr
name: Wahl, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron Emission Channeling (EC) is a powerful technique for the investigation of the lattice location of radioactive isotopes implanted into single crystals. After implantation the isotopes occupy certain lattice locations in the crystal, which can in some cases be altered by annealing. Upon decay, the emission of a charged particle, typically a beta, may result in a channeling trajectory when its starting lattice location is aligned with major symmetry axes or planes of the crystal. By measuring the emission anisotropy in the direction of these axes for distinct annealing temperatures, the lattice location of the isotope can be determined with great precision and insightful information can be obtained on how annealing affects the occupied sites. This work reports on the installation of a Timepix3 quad detector and Katherine Gen2 readout in an experimental setup located at ISOLDE at CERN. The large increase in the number of pixels of the Timepix3, in comparison to previously used pad detectors, required more sophisticated tools for data treatment and fitting of channeling patterns. From this need, the PyFDD software was born. Its latest update features an intuitive graphical interface, with tools for noise masking, pattern visualization, simulations browsing, chi-square or maximum likelihood based fits and gamma background correction.
description: Submitted to the proceedings of the Channeling 2023 conference
Critical temperature of interacting Bose gases in two and three dimensions
Creators: name: Pilati, S.
name: Giorgini, S.
name: Prokof'ev, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the superfluid transition temperature of homogeneous interacting Bose gases in three and two spatial dimensions using large-scale Path Integral Monte Carlo simulations (with up to $N=10^5$ particles). In 3D we investigate the limits of the universal critical behavior in terms of the scattering length alone by using different models for the interatomic potential. We find that this type of universality sets in at small values of the gas parameter $na^3 \lesssim 10^{-4}$. This value is different from the estimate $na^3 \lesssim 10^{-6}$ for the validity of the asymptotic expansion in the limit of vanishing $na^3$. In 2D we study the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of a gas with hard-core interactions. For this system we find good agreement with the classical lattice $|ψ|^4$ model up to very large densities. We also explain the origin of the existing discrepancy between previous studies of the same problem.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Probing a degenerate-scalar scenario in a pseudoscalar dark-matter model
Creators: name: Abe, Sachiho
name: Cho, Gi-Chol
name: Mawatari, Kentarou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a pseudoscalar dark-matter model arising from a complex singlet extension of the standard model (SM), and show that the dark-matter--nucleon scattering is suppressed when two CP-even scalars are degenerate. In such a degenerate-scalar scenario we explore the model parameter space which satisfies constraints from the direct detection experiments and the relic density of dark matter. In addition, we discuss a possibility to verify such a scenario by using the recoil mass technique at the International Linear Collider. We find that a pair of states separated by 0.2 GeV can be distinguished from the single SM-like Higgs state at 5$σ$ with integrated luminosity of 2 ab$^{-1}$.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures. version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
The baseline intracluster entropy profile from gravitational structure formation
Creators: name: Voit, G. Mark
name: Kay, Scott T.
name: Bryan, Greg L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radial entropy profile of the hot gas in clusters of galaxies tends to follow a power law in radius outside of the cluster core. Here we present a simple formula giving both the normalization and slope for the power-law entropy profiles of clusters that form in the absence of non-gravitational processes such as radiative cooling and subsequent feedback. It is based on seventy-one clusters drawn from four separate cosmological simulations, two using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and two using adaptive-mesh refinement (AMR), and can be used as a baseline for assessing the impact of non-gravitational processes on the intracluster medium outside of cluster cores. All the simulations produce clusters with self-similar structure in which the normalization of the entropy profile scales linearly with cluster temperature, and these profiles are in excellent agreement outside of 0.2 r_200. Because the observed entropy profiles of clusters do not scale linearly with temperature, our models confirm that non-gravitational processes are necessary to break the self-similarity seen in the simulations. However, the core entropy levels found by the two codes used here significantly differ, with the AMR code producing nearly twice as much entropy at the centre of a cluster.
description: Accepted to MNRAS, 8 pages, 9 figures
CMZoom II: Catalog of Compact Submillimeter Dust Continuum Sources in the Milky Way's Central Molecular Zone
Creators: name: Hatchfield, H Perry
name: Battersby, Cara
name: Keto, Eric
name: Walker, Daniel
name: Barnes, Ashley
name: Callanan, Daniel
name: Ginsburg, Adam
name: Henshaw, Jonathan D.
name: Kauffmann, Jens
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Longmore, Steve N.
name: Lu, Xing
name: Mills, Elisabeth A. C.
name: Pillai, Thushara
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Bally, John
name: Butterfield, Natalie
name: Contreras, Yanett A.
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Ott, Jürgen
name: Patel, Nimesh
name: Tolls, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present the CMZoom Survey's catalog of compact sources (< 10'', ~0.4pc) within the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ). CMZoom is a Submillimeter Array (SMA) large program designed to provide a complete and unbiased map of all high column density gas (N(H$_2$) $\geq$ 10$^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$) of the innermost 500pc of the Galaxy in the 1.3mm dust continuum. We generate both a robust catalog designed to reduce spurious source detections, and a second catalog with higher completeness, both generated using a pruned dendrogram. In the robust catalog, we report 285 compact sources, or 816 in the high completeness catalog. These sources have effective radii between 0.04-0.4 pc, and are the potential progenitors of star clusters. The masses for both catalogs are dominated by the Sagittarius B2 cloud complex, where masses are likely unreliable due to free-free contamination, uncertain dust temperatures, and line-of-sight confusion. Given the survey selection and completeness, we predict that our robust catalog accounts for more than ~99% of compact substructure capable of forming high mass stars in the CMZ. This catalog provides a crucial foundation for future studies of high-mass star formation in the Milky Way's Galactic Center.
description: 34 pages, 27 figures
Proton-nucleus scattering and cross section fluctuations at RHIC and LHC
Creators: name: Guzey, V.
name: Strikman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider high-energy proton-heavy nucleus scattering within the framework of the Glauber-Gribov approximation and taking into account cross section fluctuations. Fixing parameters of the model for cross section fluctuations by the available data, we make predictions for the total, elastic and coherent diffractive dissociation proton-nucleus cross sections for the RHIC and LHC energy range. We predict a strong change of the A-dependence of diffraction dissociation from A^{0.42} at RHIC energies to A^{0.27} at LHC energies. Based on the obtained results, we discuss the approach of the interactions to the black body (unitarity) limit. We estimate the electromagnetic contribution to coherent pA diffraction and find that it dominates the coherent diffractive cross section on heavy nuclear targets in the RHIC and LHC kinematics.
description: 18 pages, LaTeX, 1 table, 4 figures. This is the final version published in Phys. Lett. B 633 (2006) 245, with recent corrections published as Erratum in Phys. Lett. B 663 (2008) 456. The Erratum concerns Section 5 of the paper: we corrected the Lorentz factor for the calculation of the e.m. contribution and modified Fig.4
Patterns of Student Help-Seeking When Using a Large Language Model-Powered Programming Assistant
Creators: name: Sheese, Brad
name: Liffiton, Mark
name: Savelka, Jaromir
name: Denny, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Providing personalized assistance at scale is a long-standing challenge for computing educators, but a new generation of tools powered by large language models (LLMs) offers immense promise. Such tools can, in theory, provide on-demand help in large class settings and be configured with appropriate guardrails to prevent misuse and mitigate common concerns around learner over-reliance. However, the deployment of LLM-powered tools in authentic classroom settings is still rare, and very little is currently known about how students will use them in practice and what type of help they will seek. To address this, we examine students' use of an innovative LLM-powered tool that provides on-demand programming assistance without revealing solutions directly. We deployed the tool for 12 weeks in an introductory computer and data science course ($n = 52$), collecting more than 2,500 queries submitted by students throughout the term. We manually categorized all student queries based on the type of assistance sought, and we automatically analyzed several additional query characteristics. We found that most queries requested immediate help with programming assignments, whereas fewer requests asked for help on related concepts or for deepening conceptual understanding. Furthermore, students often provided minimal information to the tool, suggesting this is an area in which targeted instruction would be beneficial. We also found that students who achieved more success in the course tended to have used the tool more frequently overall. Lessons from this research can be leveraged by programming educators and institutions who plan to augment their teaching with emerging LLM-powered tools.
Re-transcription of Goddard notebook texts
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Lee-Wynant, Tyler
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-040519-04: Re-transcription and translation of texts transcribed by P.E. Goddard, American Philosophical Society Na20a.2, notebook #10, pp. 73-81

Audio file VP-040519-05: Re-transcription and translation of texts transcribed by P.E. Goddard, American Philosophical Society Na20a.2, notebook #10, pp. 82-88
Growth of Massive Disk and Early Disk Fragmentation in the Primordial Star Formation
Creators: name: Kimura, Kazutaka
name: Hosokawa, Takashi
name: Sugimura, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent high-resolution simulations demonstrate that disks around primordial protostars easily fragment in the accretion phase before the protostars accrete less than a solar mass. To understand why the gravitational instability generally causes the fragmentation so early, we develop a one-dimensional (1D) non-steady model of the circumstellar disk that takes the mass supply from an accretion envelope into account. We also compare the model results to a three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation performed with a code employing the adaptive mesh refinement. Our model shows that the self-gravitating disk, through which the Toomre $Q$ parameter is nearly constant at $Q \sim 1$, gradually spreads as the disk is fed by the gas infalling from the envelope. We further find that the accretion rate onto the star is an order of magnitude smaller than the mass supply rate onto the disk. This discrepancy makes the disk more massive than the protostar in an early evolutionary stage. Most of the infalling gas is used to extend the outer part of the self-gravitating disk rather than transferred inward toward the star through the disk. We find that similar evolution also occurs in the 3D simulation, where the disk becomes three times more massive than the star before the first fragmentation occurs. Our 1D disk model well explains the evolution of the disk-to-star mass ratio observed in the simulation. We argue that the formation of such a massive disk leads to the early disk fragmentation.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Spectroscopic Redshifts to z > 2 for Optically Obscured Sources Discovered with the Spitzer Space Telescope
Creators: name: Houck, J. R.
name: Soifer, B. T.
name: Weedman, D.
name: Higdon, S. J. U.
name: Higdon, J. L.
name: Herter, T.
name: Brown, M. J. I.
name: Dey, A.
name: Jannuzi, B. T.
name: Floc'h, E. Le
name: Rieke, M.
name: Armus, L.
name: Charmandaris, V.
name: Brandl, B. R.
name: Tepliitz, H. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have surveyed a field covering 9.0 degrees^2 within the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey region in Bootes with the Multiband Imaging Photometer on the Spitzer Space Telescope (SST) to a limiting 24 um flux density of 0.3 mJy. Thirty one sources from this survey with F(24um) > 0.75 mJy which are optically very faint (R > 24.5 mag) have been observed with the low-resolution modules of the Infrared Spectrograph on SST. Redshifts derived primarily from strong silicate absorption features are reported here for 17 of these sources; 10 of these are optically invisible (R > 26 mag), with no counterpart in B_W, R, or I. The observed redshifts for 16 sources are 1.7 < z < 2.8. These represent a newly discovered population of highly obscured sources at high redshift with extreme infrared to optical ratios. Using IRS spectra of local galaxies as templates, we find that a majority of the sources have mid-infrared spectral shapes most similar to ultraluminous infrared galaxies powered primarily by AGN. Assuming the same templates also apply at longer wavelengths, bolometric luminosities exceed 10^13 L(solar).
description: Accepted for publication on 7 Feb 2005 in ApJL. 7 pages 2 figures
Lenseless X-ray Nano-Tomography down to 150nm Resolution: On the Quantification of Modulation Transfer and Focal Spot of the Lab-based ntCT System
Creators: name: Graetz, Jonas
name: Müller, Dominik
name: Balles, Andreas
name: Fella, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ntCT nano tomography system is a geometrically magnifying X-ray microscopy system integrating the recent Excillum NanoTube nano-focus X-ray source and a CdTe photon counting detector from Dectris. The system's modulation transfer function (MTF) and corresponding point spread function (PSF) are characterized by analyzing the contrast visibility of periodic structures of a star pattern featuring line width from 150nm to 1.5$μ$m. The results, which can be attributed to the characteristics of the source spot, are crosschecked by scanning the source's electron focus over an edge of the structured transmission target in order to obtain an independent measurement of its point spread function. For frequencies above 1000 linepairs/mm, the MTF is found to correspond to a Gaussian PSF of 250nm full width at half maximum (FWHM). The lower frequency range down to 340 linepairs/mm shows an additional Gaussian contribution of 1$μ$m FWHM. The resulting resolution ranges at 3200 linepairs/mm, which is consistent with the visual detectability of the smallest 150nm structures within the imaged star pattern.
description: Accepted Manuscript
Bridgman-grown (Cd,Mn)Te and (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se): A comparison of suitability for X and gamma detectors
Creators: name: Maslowska, Aneta
name: Kochanowska, Dominika M.
name: Sulich, Adrian
name: Domagala, Jaroslaw Z.
name: Dopierala, Marcin
name: Kochanski, Michal
name: Szot, Michal
name: Chrominski, Witold
name: Mycielski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study explores the suitability of semi-insulating compounds, specifically (Cd,Mn)Te and (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se), as materials for room temperature X-ray and gamma-ray detectors. These compounds were grown using the Bridgman method, known for its efficient growth rate. The investigation aims to compare their crystal structure, mechanical properties, optical characteristics, and radiation detection capabilities. The addition of selenium to (Cd,Mn)Te increased the compound's hardness. However, (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) exhibited one order of magnitude higher etch pit density compared to (Cd,Mn)Te. Photoluminescence analysis at low temperatures revealed the presence of defect states in both materials, characterized by shallow and deep donor-acceptor pair transitions (DAP). Annealing in cadmium vapors effectively eliminated DAP luminescence in (Cd,Mn)Te but not in (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se). Spectroscopic performance assessments indicated that the (Cd,Mn)Te detector outperformed the (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) detector in responding to a Co-57 source. The reduced performance in the latter case may be attributed to either the presence of a deep trap related to deep DAP luminescence, minimally affected by annealing, or the dominant presence of block-like structures in the samples, as indicated by X-ray diffraction measurements. The block-like structures in (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se) showed ten times larger misorientation angles compared to the (Cd,Mn)Te crystals. (Cd,Mn)Te crystal revealed excellent single crystal properties, demonstrated by narrower omega scan widths. The study also highlights the influence of grain boundaries and twins on crystal structure quality. In our opinion, Bridgman-grown (Cd,Mn)Te shows greater promise as a material for X-ray and gamma-ray detectors compared to (Cd,Mn)(Te,Se).
description: 33 pages, 11 figures
Thalassiosira nanolineata Fryxell & Hasle 1977
Creators: name: Lobban, Christopher S.
name: Witkowski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Thalassiosirales
Thalassiosiraceae
Thalassiosira
Thalassiosira nanolineata

description: Thalassiosira nanolineata (A. Mann) Fryxell & Hasle Figs 104–106
Ref. illus.: Mann 1925, p. 68, pl. 14, fig. 4; Fryxell & Hasle 1977 p. 32, figs. 74–80; Sar et al. 2002 Table 1; Y. Li et al. 2013, p. 99, figs 89–94; J.S. Park et al. 2016, p. 414, fig. 28
Samples: GU44Z-15, GU52P-9
Dimensions: 12.8–19.8 diam., areolae 8–9 in 10 µm
Diagnostics: Areolae linear, not radial, single row of fultoportulae around the margin, their external part ending in a cuplike structure with a central post. Rimoportula inserted between two fultoportulae (rather than replacing one). Two central fultoportulae.
Comments: Although the areolar density is lower than most records (Y. Li et al. 2013 the exception), these specimens seem to agree with the modern concept of the species originally described from the Philippines by Mann (1925). The surveys of Thalassiosira diversity in Argentina (Sar et al. 2002), Guangdong Province, China (Y. Li et al. 2013), and South Korea (J.S. Park et al. 2016) are all very helpful in identifying the species here.
description: Published as part of Lobban, Christopher S. & Witkowski, Andrzej, 2023, Marine benthic diatoms of Guam: new records, Dictyoneis apapae sp. nov., and updates to the checklist, pp. 1-75 in Micronesica 2023 (2) on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12118784
Additional file 2 of Quantifying the potential value of antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19: a modelling analysis
Creators: name: Ricks, Saskia
name: Kendall, Emily A.
name: Dowdy, David W.
name: Jilian A. Sacks
name: Schumacher, Samuel G.
name: Arinaminpathy, Nimalan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Text S2. Model equations.
Additional file 1 of Quantifying the potential value of antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19: a modelling analysis
Creators: name: Ricks, Saskia
name: Kendall, Emily A.
name: Dowdy, David W.
name: Jilian A. Sacks
name: Schumacher, Samuel G.
name: Arinaminpathy, Nimalan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Text S1. Expert consultation.
Fluctuations can induce local nematic order and extensile stress in monolayers of motile cells
Creators: name: Vafa, Farzan
name: Bowick, Mark J.
name: Shraiman, Boris I.
name: Marchetti, M. Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments in various cell types have shown that two-dimensional tissues often display local nematic order, with evidence of extensile stresses manifest in the dynamics of topological defects. Using a mesoscopic model where tissue flow is generated by fluctuating traction forces coupled to the nematic order parameter, we show that the resulting tissue dynamics can spontaneously produce local nematic order and an extensile internal stress. A key element of the model is the assumption that in the presence of local nematic alignment, cells preferentially crawl along the nematic axis, resulting in anisotropy of fluctuations. Our work shows that activity can drive either extensile or contractile stresses in tissue, depending on the relative strength of the contractility of the cortical cytoskeleton and tractions by cells on the extracellular matrix.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. v2: minor edits and clarifying comments
Transcription of story about Verdena and Otis going hunting
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Lee-Wynant, Tyler
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-040519-03: Checking transcription of file VP-011011-11 (story about Verdena and Otis going hunting), starting at 4:43.
$θ$-derivations on $JB^*$-triples
Creators: name: Baak, C.
name: Moslehian, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39B52; 39B82;47B48;17Cxx

description: We introduce the concept of $θ$-derivations on $JB^*$-triples, and prove the Hyers--Ulam--Rassias stability of $θ$-derivations on $JB^*$-triples.
description: 12 pages, to appear in Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society
Geodesic-invariant equations of gravitation
Creators: name: Verozub, Leonid V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Einstein's equations of gravitation are not invariant under geodesic mappings, i. e. under a certain class of mappings of the Christoffel symbols and the metric tensor which leave the geodesic equations in a given coordinate system invariant. A theory in which geodesic mappings play the role of gauge transformations is considered.
description: Latex, 24 pages with 5 figures
Twist- and gate-tunable proximity spin-orbit coupling, spin relaxation anisotropy, and charge-to-spin conversion in heterostructures of graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Zollner, Klaus
name: João, Simão M.
name: Nikolić, Branislav K.
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a DFT-based investigation of the twist-angle dependent proximity spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in graphene/TMDC structures. We find that for Mo-based TMDCs the proximity valley-Zeeman SOC exhibits a maximum at around 15--20°, and vanishes at 30°, while for W-based TMDCs we find an almost linear decrease of proximity valley-Zeeman SOC when twisting from 0° to 30°. The induced Rashba SOC is rather insensitive to twisting, while acquiring a nonzero Rashba phase angle, $φ\in [-20;40]$°, for twist angles different from 0° and 30°. This finding contradicts earlier tight-binding predictions that the Rashba angle can be 90° in the studied systems. In addition, we study the influence of several tunability knobs on the proximity SOC for selected twist angles. By applying a transverse electric field in the limits of $\pm 2$ V/nm, mainly the Rashba SOC can be tuned by about 50\%. The interlayer distance provides a giant tunability, since the proximity SOC can be increased by a factor of 2--3, when reducing the distance by about 10\%. Encapsulating graphene between two TMDCs, both twist angles are important to control the interference of the individual proximity SOCs, allowing to precisely tailor the valley-Zeeman SOC in graphene, while the Rashba SOC becomes suppressed. Finally, based on our effective Hamiltonians with fitted parameters, we calculate experimentally measurable quantities such as spin lifetime anisotropy and charge-to-spin conversion efficiencies. The spin lifetime anisotropy can become giant, up to $10^4$, in encapsulated structures. The charge-to-spin conversion, which is due to spin-Hall and Rashba-Edelstein effects, can lead to twist-tunable non-equilibrium spin-density polarizations that are perpendicular and parallel to the applied charge current.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables + supplemental material