cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Equation of state of low--density neutron matter and the $^1S_0$ pairing gap
Creators: name: Gandolfi, S.
name: Illarionov, A. Yu.
name: Pederiva, F.
name: Schmidt, K. E.
name: Fantoni, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of the equation of state of neutron matter in the low--density regime, where the Fermi wave vector ranges from $0.4 fm^{-1} \leq k_F \leq 1.0 fm^{-1}$. Neutron matter in this regime is superfluid because of the strong and attractive interaction in the $^1S_0$ channel. The properties of this superfluid matter are calculated starting from a realistic Hamiltonian that contains modern two-- and three--body interactions. The ground state energy and the $^1S_0$ superfluid energy gap are calculated using the Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo method. We study the structure of the ground state by looking at pair distribution functions as well as the Cooper-pair wave function used in the calculations.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
NАVIGАTION PROBLEMS OF UАV АND THEIR SOLUTIONS BАSED ON АRTIFICIАL INTELLIGENCE
Creators: name: Rustamov, Shamiljon
name: Norboev, Bekhzod
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: With their cheаp operаting costs, simple deployment, аnd increаsed mobility, unmаnned аeriаl vehicles, or UАVs, аre finding increаsing use in а rаnge of аpplicаtions. However, employing unmаnned аeriаl vehicles (UАVs) аt а distаnce аnd in complex environments restricts their cаpаbilities аnd lowers the overаll effectiveness of the system. Аs such, а lаrge number of reseаrchers аre focused on аutonomous UАV nаvigаtion, which аllows UАVs to move аnd execute specific tаsks bаsed on their environment. The аpplicаtions of аrtificiаl intelligence (АI) hаve increаsed аs а result of recent technologicаl аdvаncements. Severаl АI techniques for аutonomous UАV nаvigаtion hаve been thoroughly exаmined аnd cаtegorized. The foundаtions, tenets, аnd sаlient chаrаcteristics of vаrious optimizаtion аnd leаrning-bаsed techniques аre reviewed in this study.
Biomedical imagery in William Blake's "The Four Zoas"
Creators: name: Mahon, Elizabeth F.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: William Blake, in The Four Zoas, uses the human body as a metaphor to describe stages in the fall, transformation, and approach toward Apocalypse of the "Universal Man" later called the giant Albion. Biomedical imagery depicting distortion and displacement of body parts or functions is an important aspect of this metaphor. Of particular interest to this thesis are images of division, augmentation, encasement, eruption, and reunion in the poem, The Four Zoas, with some emphasis on the Spectre of Urthona as a divisive form of Los. This Spectre's role is of fundamental importance in Blake's myth for the achievement of reintegration of fallen Albion. Blake's use of the words, "Eternity," "vision," "Imagination," "emanation," "Spectre," "shadow," are examined in some of his other works as an aid for explication of his myth as is the way in which Blake uses metaphor and modulating symbol to give us a richer and hence a clearer vision of the events relating to the Fall and Apocalypse. Morphological imagery illustrating the Fall and sparagmos of the God-Man Albion is described as a distortion of both bodily organs and faculties, i.e. psychic states. The manner in which Blake uses this imagery suggests a movement from a healthy state of expanded vision to a diseased state in which man's powers of perception are dulled or extinguished. This change in Albion from a state of intense creativity in Eden to a state of chaotic passivity in the fallen world is a change from wakefulness to sleep. This sleep produced the dream-nightmare state described in The Four Zoas. Blake's dramatis personae emerge as symbolic counters and in their symbolic method of narration they reveal how error must be given form in order to eliminate it. An analogy is drawn between the symbolic Fall, movement toward Apocalypse, and a pseudo cancerous growth that originates by cellular division, spreads by augmentation, coalesces into encasement but finally erupts with explosive force thus reordering the elements into a healthy holistic gestalt. Similarities between Blake's elimination of mind-body dichotomy in his mythic vision of man and F. S. Perls' concept of an organismic whole which creates reintegration of diseased faculties are explored at some length. The Phoenix-like quality of the contradictory affiliation between blood and water predominant in The Four Zoas is compared to the physiological response in living cells to these potentially destructive and restorative elements. The imagery Blake uses illustrates his doctrine of contraries. The Urizen - Ore cycles are touched upon, as is the providential Luvah - Jesus principle which aids Los in his mission of reversing the effects of the Fall. The importance of Los's Spectre, the Spectre of Urthona, in this movement toward Apocalypse is elaborated upon. The outcome of the struggle between the contrary states of Los and the Spectre of Urthona will be the determinant in this movement.
The engineering problems associated with the high pressure synthesis of ammonia and methyl alcohol and with the oxidation of ammonia to nitric acid.
Creators: name: Giblin, Edward Maxwell
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The development of the process for the direct synthesis of Annonia is comparatively recent. A considerable amount of research work wao carried out by Haber, Nernst and others between 1900 and 1910 on the amonic equilibrium and it wan largely as a result of this work that experimental semi-technical units were brought into operation in 1910... This thesis is concerned primarily with the Australian Government synthesis and oxidation plants. Section 1 covers the general description of the process used in these units and section 2 describes in detail the plant and equipment employed. The maintenance organisation and procedure relating to these factories is outlined in section 3. Section 4 which has a wider application is concerned with the design of high pressure plant and equipment. In general British practice is cited although some reference has been made to American and Continental features. Section 5 covers the specific application and scope of usefulness of the various materials of construction employed on the plants described.
title: A Study of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory as an Index of Maladjustment in Certain Areas of College Life
Creators: name: Hawkes, Glenn Rogers
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1948

description: It is apparent to college workers that inadequate adjustment to college loses many potential scholars to the world. It is further apparent that many students fall short of realizing their full capabilities because of lack of adjustment. To meet this condition, more and more colleges and universities are instituting and developing counseling services. Because of the increases cost of such service and the extended time involved, it has become apparent that any device which improves the efficiency of counseling is highly desirable.
As this counseling service has grown and expanded, college advisors have realized the service that could be performed if it were possible to anticipate abnormal reactions before they occur. In the past, this has been difficult because of the lack of properly validated predictive devices. Of course, hasty conclusions can be drawn from impressions, but they are as often faulty as valid. Since the signs of latent personality disturbances and, in many cases, even existing maladjustment, are often not revealed in overt behavior, devices which would aid counselors in selecting from a large population the individuals having or who are likely to develop problems of a personal and social adjustment would be very helpful.
In this investigation, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, a device which has been found valid in other situations, will be evaluated with the intent of discovering how valid this test is in determining maladjustment in college life. Specifically, it will be determined to what extent scores on this inventory earned by students when they enter college will be predictive of maladjustment which may develop later in several aspects of college life.
A Computational Study of Direct Thermocatalytic Reduction of CO2 for the Production of Synthetic Methanol
Creators: name: Tagliaferri, Ilaria
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The thesis aims at creating a one-dimentional and two-dimensional axisymmeteric model of a reactor for the production of synthetic methanol, starting from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. After a brief introduction on the current state of art of the technologies used, the model has been produced and validated with the data fuond in literature. Then, a termal integration of the overall plant has been studied and two possible technologies for carbon capture have been analyzed and compared.
Configurations of polymers attached to probes
Creators: name: Bubis, Roy
name: Kantor, Yacov
name: Kardar, Mehran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study polymers attached to spherical (circular) or paraboloidal (parabolic) probes in three (two) dimensions. Both self-avoiding and random walks are examined numerically. The behavior of a polymer of size $R_0$ attached to the tip of a probe with radius of curvature $R$, differs qualitatively for large and small values of the ratio $s=R_0/R$. We demonstrate that the scaled compliance (inverse force constant) $S/R_0^2$, and scaled mean position of the polymer end-point $/R$ can be expressed as a function of $s$. Scaled compliance is anisotropic, and quite large in the direction parallel to the surface when $R_0\sim R$. The exponent $γ$, characterizing the number of polymer configurations, crosses over from a value of $γ_1$ - characteristic of a planar boundary - at small $s$ to one reflecting the overall shape of the probe at large $s$. For a spherical probe the crossover is to an unencumbered polymer, while for a parabolic probe we cannot rule out a new exponent.
description: LaTeX, 6 pages, 4 figures
Atmospheric Circulation Response to an Instantaneous Doubling of Carbon Dioxide Part I: Model Experiments and Transient Thermal Response in the Troposphere
Creators: name: Wu, Yutian
name: Seager, Richard
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Naik, Naomi H.
name: Shaw, Tiffany Ann
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Climatology
Atmospheric circulation
Atmospheric thermodynamics
Global warming

description: This study aims to understand the dynamical mechanisms driving the changes in the general circulation of the atmosphere due to increased carbon dioxide (CO2) by looking into the transient step-by-step adjustment of the circulation. The transient atmospheric adjustment is examined using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmospheric Model Version 3 coupled to a slab ocean model and the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is uniformly and instantaneously doubled. The thermal structure and circulation response is well established after one year of integration with the magnitudes gradually increasing afterwards towards quasi-equilibrium. Tropical upper tropospheric warming occurs in the first month. The expansion of the warming in the middle and upper troposphere to the subtropics occurs later and is found to be primarily dynamically-driven due to the intensification of transient eddy momentum flux convergence and resulting anomalous descending motion in this region. The poleward displacement of the midlatitude tropospheric jet streams occurs together with the change in eddy momentum flux convergence but only after the intensification of the subpolar westerlies in the stratosphere. The results demonstrate the importance of the tropospheric eddies in setting up the extratropical tropospheric response to global warming.
title: The Self-Concept and Failure in the Junior High School
Creators: name: Madsen, Milton C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1965

description: From the observations of counselors and teachers within our school district there seem to be these indications: (a) That many failing students are experiencing personal adjustment problems due to a faulty self concept and that they tend to behave in terms of how they perceive themselves, or according to the role forced on them by others. So if they have been labeled as a failing student this is the role they perceive for themselves and they tend to behave in terms of the role they perceive for themselves. (b) Non-promoted students who have been retained seem to have a lower self concept than those who have been socially promoted. (c) Failing students often employ some compensatory behavior to satisfy their need for acceptance and recognition. (d) It has been observed that non-promoted students often do no better the next year if retained. All that retention seems to do is to reinforce their feelings of inadequacy. (e) In counseling with students who have failed and have a common problem, it has been observed that the peer group often acts as a form of motivation to do better thus justifying group counseling as a possible answer to failure rather than retention.
If, as suspected, failure is due in part to a faulty self concept, then in order to attempt to prevent failure and to counsel more effectively with the failing student, we should get to the source of the problem rather than to merely treat the symptom. If failure also intensifies feelings of inferiority then the development of a low self concept could be partly the result of failure.
Uncertainties and petroleum resource production in developing countries
Creators: name: Woods, John Togbakollie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: When making economic analyses about a certain industry, it is essential to make some basic assumptions. One of these assumptions is either certainty or uncertainty. With certainty, predictions about economic behaviour can be made less cautiously. The petroleum industry is alleged to be influenced by elements of uncertainty, hence we expect that most of the decisions made in the industry are governed by expected uncertain outcomes. The task of this study, therefore, was to find out what the uncertainties might be in the petroleum industry of the developing countries. First, we discovered that governments of the developing countries may expect far too much from their oil resources. This expectation may be derived from various sources. One of them is the foreign exchange necessary to buy arms to defend their territories (like in the Middle East). Another source may be the pressing needs to accelerate economic growth. Finally, some of the countries may simply wish to be nationalistic. Regardless of the source, these expectations lead to some uncertainties in the industry. Secondly, some uncertainties are created by the oil producing companies themselves. By accumulating very large capital relative to companies in other industries, companies make themselves vulnerable to political policies. And one reason why this accumulation of large capital is possible is that their home governments have provided the economic incentives for them to expand. Thirdly, there is some degree of uncertainty specific to the petroleum industry. In the exploration stage, any addition to capacities is random. This randomness imposes uncertainties about the supply conditions in the industry. Also, there are a series of uncertainties about whether oil can be found in certain place or not, qualities and quantities that are of commercial values, the changes in the reservoir conditions during productions and the usual uncertainties which face any industries, i.e. price or demand conditions, and cost or supply conditions. Lastly, the governments and oil companies jointly agree to maximize the total profits of oil by seeking a common price policy but there is a reasonable degree of uncertainty about how to share this profit. We fall short of finding an optimum device for sharing the rent. However, we can conclude that the optimum rent sharing policy depends largely on the time horizon of the government of the developing country, and the type of economic growth it prefers.
The Earth as an extrasolar planet: The vegetation spectral signature today and during the last Quaternary climatic extrema
Creators: name: Arnold, Luc
name: Bréon, François-Marie
name: Brewer, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The so-called Vegetation Red-Edge (VRE), a sharp increase in the reflectance around $700 nm$, is a characteristic of vegetation spectra, and can therefore be used as a biomarker if it can be detected in an unresolved extrasolar Earth-like planet integrated reflectance spectrum. Here we investigate the potential for detection of vegetation spectra during the last Quaternary climatic extrema, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Holocene optimum, for which past climatic simulations have been made. By testing the VRE detectability during these extrema when Earth's climate and biomes maps were different from today, we are able to test the vegetation detectability on a terrestrial planet different from our modern Earth. Data from the Biome3.5 model have been associated to visible GOME spectra for each biome and cloud cover to derive Earth's integrated spectra for given Earth phases and observer positions. The VRE is then measured. Results show that the vegetation remains detectable during the last climatic extrema. Compared to current Earth, the Holocene optimum with a greener Sahara slightly increases the mean VRE on one hand, while on the other hand, the large ice cap over the northern Hemisphere during the LGM decreases vegetation detectability. We finally discuss the detectability of the VRE in the context of recently proposed space missions.
description: 31-page manuscript, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Int. J. of Astrobiology
Atmospheric Pco2 Perturbations Associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province
Creators: name: Schaller, Morgan F.
name: Wright, James D.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The effects of a large igneous province on the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (Pco2) are mostly unknown. In this study, we estimate Pco2 from stable isotopic values of pedogenic carbonates interbedded with volcanics of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) in the Newark Basin, eastern North America. We find pre-CAMP Pco2 values of ~2000 parts per million (ppm), increasing to ~4400 ppm immediately after the first volcanic unit, followed by a steady decrease toward pre-eruptive levels over the subsequent 300 thousand years, a pattern that is repeated after the second and third flow units. We interpret each Pco2 increase as a direct response to magmatic activity (primary outgassing or contact metamorphism). The systematic decreases in Pco2 after each magmatic episode probably reflect consumption of atmospheric CO2 by weathering of silicates, stimulated by fresh CAMP volcanics.
Observational Evidence for Tidal Destruction of Exoplanets
Creators: name: Jackson, Brian
name: Barnes, Rory
name: Greenberg, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of the orbits of close-in exoplanets shows evidence for on-going removal and destruction by tides. Tides raised on a planet's host star cause the planet's orbit to decay, even after the orbital eccentricity has dropped to zero. Comparison of the observed orbital distribution and predictions of tidal theory show good qualitative agreement, suggesting tidal destruction of close-in exoplanets is common. The process can explain the observed cut-off in small a-values, the clustering of orbital periods near three days, and the relative youth of transiting planets. Contrary to previous considerations, a mechanism to stop the inward migration of close-in planets at their current orbits is not necessarily required. Planets nearing tidal destruction may be found with extremely small a, possibly already stripped of any gaseous envelope. The recently discovered CoRoT-Exo-7 b may be an example of such a planet and will probably be destroyed by tides within the next few Gyrs. Also, where one or more planets have already been accreted, a star may exhibit an unusual composition and/or spin rate.
description: Accepted for publication to ApJ - 2009 Apr 7
title: A Comparison of the Academic Achievement and Social Adjustment of Mentally Retarded Students
Creators: name: Musgrave, C. Thomas
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1965

description: The purpose of this study was to compare the academic achievement and social adjustment of mentally retarded students who have had five years of special education with mentally retarded students who have had no special education. This comparison was made to determine if there is a significant difference between the two groups.
The present study was not undertaken to defend or attack special education classes. The study was designed to determine to what extent academic and social differences existed between the two groups. It is hoped the results of this study can be used in planning programs for the educable mentally retarded children in the Weber County Schools.
The writer proposes the following hypotheses: 1. There will be no significant difference between the two groups in reading. 2. There will be no significant difference between the two groups in arithmetic. 3. There will be no significant difference between the two groups in language. 4. There will be no significant difference between the two groups in attitude toward school. 5. There will be no significant difference between the two groups as evaluated by their teachers. Data concerning these problems were collected from standardized tests from teacher-appraised school adjustment rating scale, and from school records.
Response to Comment on "Ascent of Dinosaurs Linked to an Iridium Anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary"
Creators: name: Olsen, Paul E.
name: Sues, Hans-Dieter
name: Rainforth, Emma C.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Koeberl, Christian
name: Huber, Heinz
name: Montanari, Alessandro
name: Fowell, Sarah J.
name: Szajna, Michael J.
name: Hartline, Brian W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Paleontology

description: Our recent study on the nature of the ascent of the dinosaurs (1) argued three main points: (i) that a major terrestrial tetrapod mass extinction is concentrated at the palynologically identified Triassic-Jurassic boundary in eastern North America (based on footprints and bones); (ii) that truly large predatory dinosaurs appear immediately after the boundary (based on footprints); and (iii) that both the boundary and the mass extinction level are associated with a modest Ir anomaly and fern spike, plausibly of asteroid or comet impact origin. Although the comment of Thulborn (2) addresses a number of paleontological issues in (1), his only point salient to the conclusions of our paper is his extraordinary claim that very large theropod dinosaurs were already present in the Carnian, some 20 million years or so before the Triassic-Jurassic boundary [in contrast to our assertion in point (ii), above].
Magnetostrophic MRI in the Earth's Outer Core
Creators: name: Petitdemange, Ludovic
name: Dormy, Emmanuel
name: Balbus, Steven A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a simple, modified version of the Magnetorotational Instability (MRI) can develop in the outer liquid core of the Earth, in the presence of a background shear. It requires either thermal wind, or a primary instability, such as convection, to drive a weak differential rotation within the core. The force balance in the Earth's core is very unlike classical astrophysical applications of the MRI (such as gaseous disks around stars). Here, the weak differential rotation in the Earth core yields an instability by its constructive interaction with the planet's much larger rotation rate. The resulting destabilising mechanism is just strong enough to counteract stabilizing resistive effects, and produce growth on geophysically interesting timescales. We give a simple physical explanation of the instability, and show that it relies on a force balance appropriate to the Earth's core, known as magnetostrophic balance.
Surface temperature trends in Russia over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures
Creators: name: Pollack, Henry N.
name: Duchkov, Albert D.
name: Demezhko, Dmitriy Y.
name: Golovanova, Inessa V.
name: Huang, Shaopeng
name: Shchapov, Vladislav A.
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Earth temperature
Atmosphere
Paleoclimatology

description: We analyze borehole temperature logs from 101 sites in Russia and nearby areas to reconstruct the ground surface temperature history (GSTH) over the past five centuries. The data are drawn principally from three regions: the Urals, southwest Siberia, and northeast Siberia. We derive GSTHs for each region individually, and a composite "all-Russia" GSTH from the full ensemble of sites. The results show that over the past 500 years, the investigated areas have on average warmed ~1 K, with more than half of the warming occurring in the 20th century alone, and 70-80% in the 19th and 20th centuries taken together. The 16th through 18th centuries in the Urals and southwest Siberia were on average 0.1-0.2 K cooler than at the beginning of the 19th century, but northeast Siberia was more moderate in the 16th through 19th centuries, relative to the present-day, than the Urals or southwest Siberia. A wide variety of instrumental, proxy, and indirect evidence support these geothermal results.
The use of N:S ratios as a means of diagnosing S deficiency in a number of pasture species.
Creators: name: Martinick, Wolf-Gerhard
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The subject was introduced by a review of N and S uptake and plant fractions, and concepts for diagnosing nutrient requirements. The relationship between total and alcohol insoluble plant N:S ratios ((N:S)t and (N:S)p) and yield was initially studied in pot and field experiments with oats, and subsequently extended to pot experiments with perennial ryegrass, foggrass, rape and white and subterranean clover, and to pasture trials. In all species severe N and S imbalances substantially affected the respective (N:S)p 's, but with the exception of rape, (N:S) p's were markedly less affected than corresponding (N:S)t's, and if extreme N and S imbalances are excluded from consideration, then the respective (N:S)p's were either constant, or their variability was such that they were arbitrarily referred to as tending towards constancy. These \constant\" values varied between species (about 15 in subterranean and white clover and about 11 to 13 in oats foggrass and ryegrass) and with physiological development the effects of physiological development appearing to be more pronounced in relatively young than in old plants. This sensitivity of (N:S)p was considered to be due to (a) analytical methods of determining Np and Sp (b) the composition of the protein fraction (c) the severity of N and S imbalance and (d) differences in physiological age. In both the gramineous and clover species severe S stress was always accompanied by (N:S) t 's substantially exceeding the respective constant values to which their (N:S)p 's tended whilst in corresponding S sufficient plants (N:S) t's were usually equal to or less than corresponding \"constant\" (N:S)p ranges. This latter group frequently included low N-low S treated plants suggesting that in these plants the internal S status was in balance with the internal N status. A progressive increase in (N:S) t's above their corresponding \"constant\" (N:S)p 's tended to be associated with increasing S stress but it was difficult to establish when this increase became physiologically critical. The investigations with gramineous plants were restricted to total foliage analysis. In clovers the S status was best reflected in laminae-only samples but for diagnostic purposes a precise separation of laminae from petioles was not necessary. Unlike pot experiments where the S status of grass-clover swards could be diagnosed by (N:S) t 's in any of the species in pasture situations only (N:S) t changes in clover components were sufficiently substantial for meaningful diagnosis. This was demonstrated in a field experiment in which management and S treatments were varied. Results of 19 simple grazing trials emphasise that the diagnosis assesses the S status (in relation to N status) as at the time of sampling and is not a reliable guide to future requirements and that the time of year is critical for meaningful sampling."
title: A Neuropsychological Approach For Differentiating the Residual Effects of Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Creators: name: Goodwin, Glenn Thomas
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: It is well documented in the literature that low-birth-weight (LBW) and prematurity are associated with a variety of developmental disabilities. Within this population of LBW children it is estimated that at birth, up to 45% of them experience intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Only recently has pediatric research begun to look at the potentially unique effects of IVH, and attempt to separate these out form the effects of LBW in general. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological differences that may occur in children with a history of mild or sever IVH, who are now approaching school age. The main objective was to determine whether children, ages 4 and 5, who were diagnosed with a mild IVH at birth would perform differently on a neuropsychological screening from children who were diagnosed with a severe IVH.
Twenty-nine 4- and 5-year-olds born at the University of Utah Medical Center and Primary Children's Medical Center constituted the sample for this study. Potential children were identified through the medical records, where documentation of incident and severity of IVH was obtained. Descriptive medical data and documentation of other common sequelae of LBW was also obtained from the medical records. Parents of potential subjects were contacted from the respective medical centers, and interested parents were then contacted by the research team and included in the study.
The children were tested on a variety of neuropsychological functions by trained examiners from the Early Intervention Research Institute at Utah State University and from the Neuropsychological Consultation Services in Salt Lake City, Utah. Analysis of this data was used in determining whether or not there were residual differences in the performance of preschool-age children who have a history of IVH at birth.
The results did not indicate significant difference between mild and severe IVH groups in performance on the neuropsychological assessment. Discriminant analysis showed no significant results which did not indicate that group membership could be predicted based upon test performance. Individual subtest analyses also did not indicate a significant difference in performance. Further analysis indicated significant relationships between the presence of other common sequelae of LBW/IVH such as seizure disorder and birth asphyxia, and the neuropsychological test results. Further research is needed to determine the reliability of these findings.
Thermodynamics and Fluctuation Theorems for a Strongly Coupled Open Quantum System: An Exactly Solvable Case
Creators: name: Campisi, Michele
name: Talkner, Peter
name: Hänggi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We illustrate recent results concerning the validity of the work fluctuation theorem in open quantum systems [M. Campisi, P. Talkner, and P. Hänggi, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 102}, 210401 (2009)], by applying them to a solvable model of an open quantum system. The central role played by the thermodynamic partition function of the open quantum system, -- a two level fluctuator with a strong quantum nondemolition coupling to a harmonic oscillator --, is elucidated. The corresponding quantum Hamiltonian of mean force is evaluated explicitly. We study the thermodynamic entropy and the corresponding specific heat of this open system as a function of temperature and coupling strength and show that both may assume negative values at nonzero low temperatures.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Mesoscopic colonization of a spectral band
Creators: name: Bertola, M.
name: Lee, S. Y.
name: Mo, M. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the unitary matrix model in the limit where the size of the matrices become infinite and in the critical situation when a new spectral band is about to emerge. In previous works the number of expected eigenvalues in a neighborhood of the band was fixed and finite, a situation that was termed "birth of a cut" or "first colonization". We now consider the transitional regime where this microscopic population in the new band grows without bounds but at a slower rate than the size of the matrix. The local population in the new band organizes in a "mesoscopic" regime, in between the macroscopic behavior of the full system and the previously studied microscopic one. The mesoscopic colony may form a finite number of new bands, with a maximum number dictated by the degree of criticality of the original potential. We describe the delicate scaling limit that realizes/controls the mesoscopic colony. The method we use is the steepest descent analysis of the Riemann-Hilbert problem that is satisfied by the associated orthogonal polynomials.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, minor corrections and additions
Spectral radius of finite and infinite planar graphs and of graphs of bounded genus
Creators: name: Dvorak, Zdenek
name: Mohar, Bojan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50

description: It is well known that the spectral radius of a tree whose maximum degree is $D$ cannot exceed $2\sqrt{D-1}$. In this paper we derive similar bounds for arbitrary planar graphs and for graphs of bounded genus. It is proved that a the spectral radius $ρ(G)$ of a planar graph $G$ of maximum vertex degree $D\ge 4$ satisfies $\sqrt{D}\le ρ(G)\le \sqrt{8D-16}+7.75$. This result is best possible up to the additive constant--we construct an (infinite) planar graph of maximum degree $D$, whose spectral radius is $\sqrt{8D-16}$. This generalizes and improves several previous results and solves an open problem proposed by Tom Hayes. Similar bounds are derived for graphs of bounded genus. For every $k$, these bounds can be improved by excluding $K_{2,k}$ as a subgraph. In particular, the upper bound is strengthened for 5-connected graphs. All our results hold for finite as well as for infinite graphs. At the end we enhance the graph decomposition method introduced in the first part of the paper and apply it to tessellations of the hyperbolic plane. We derive bounds on the spectral radius that are close to the true value, and even in the simplest case of regular tessellations of type $\{p,q\}$ we derive an essential improvement over known results, obtaining exact estimates in the first order term and non-trivial estimates for the second order asymptotics.
Sheaves, Complexes of Groups, and Developability
Creators: name: Faber, Joshua L M
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In this thesis, we define sheaves over a small category. In Definition 5.1.1, we give the basic definitions of a sheaf and, following Warren Dick’s retelling of Joel Friedman’s proof of the Hanna Neumann Conjecture (2), give our own proof 4.1.1. In Definition 7.2.2, we give the necessary conditions for a sheaf to satisfy to imply that a complex of groups is developable.
Effect of strain on the stability and electronic properties of ferrimagnetic Fe$_{2-x}$Ti$_x$O$_3$ heterostructures from correlated band theory
Creators: name: Nabi, Hasan Sadat
name: Pentcheva, Rossitza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations including an on-site Hubbard $U$ term we investigate the effect of substrate-induced strain on the properties of ferrimagnetic Fe$_2$O$_3$-FeTiO$_3$ solid solutions and heterostructures. While the charge compensation mechanism through formation of a mixed \fetw, \feth-contact layer is unaffected, strain can be used to tune the electronic properties of the system, e.g. by changing the position of impurity levels in the band gap. Straining hematite/ilmenite films at the lateral parameters of Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$(0001), commonly used as a substrate, is found to be energetically unfavorable as compared to films on Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$(0001) or FeTiO$_{3}$(0001)-substrates.
title: The Programmed Text as an Aid to Teaching Spelling in Junior High School
Creators: name: Nicholls, Gordon Howard
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1965

description: Organized education, historically, has been slow to commit itself to any sort of intensive examination of how learning can be both analyzed and substantially improved. But today Komoski (1960) tells us that we are looking beyond the traditional approaches to teaching. If a newly developed method is shown to be more effective than the techniques which have traditionally been employed, it is carefully considered for incorporation into the current education program.
Programmed instruction is just such an example of a recently developed teaching method which claims it will contribute much to education. It dates back to Pressey's report (1926) of a simple teaching device which also gave tests and scores. Extensive research into this method, however, has occurred only during the past ten or twelve years.
The intense interest in programmed instruction is understandable when we consider the goals of education in this country. The chief aim of education is to help each student achieve his fullest potential. The schools can best accomplish this by helping each student to recognize his own capacities, and by using methods which will contribute to an individual's developing intrinsically within himself the motivation for learning.
However, there are present-day pressures which hamper the realization of these goals. Today the world is confronted with a population rise unprecedented in history. This "population explosion" is clearly reflected in the burgeoning school enrollments and the accompanying problems of inadequate classroom space and limited facilities. Unfortunately, the consequences of these pressures prove consistently detrimental to the establishment of an ideal educational system. For example, the increased teacher load has resulted in the practice of double sessions which has tended to reduce the amount of individual attention many teachers were previously able to devote to each student. And more extensive demands upon school budgets have led to minimal teacher salary raises, contributing further to the shortage of qualified teachers.
This reveals the importance of development of new educational media in order to alleviate some of the stress on the teacher and to keep pace with currently expanding fields of knowledge.
Studying the Kinematics of Faint Stellar Populations with the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph
Creators: name: Merrifield, Michael R.
name: Consortium, the PN. S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxies are faint enough when one observes just their light distributions, but in studying their full dynamical structure the stars are spread over the six dimensions of phase space rather than just the three spatial dimensions, making their densities very low indeed. This low signal is unfortunate, as stellar dynamics hold important clues to these systems' life histories, and the issue is compounded by the fact that the most interesting information comes from the faintest outer parts of galaxies, where dynamical timescales (and hence memories of past history) are longest. To extract this information, we have constructed a special-purpose instrument, the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph, which observes planetary nebulae as kinematic tracers of the stellar population, and allows one to study the stellar dynamics of galaxies down to extremely low surface brightnesses. Here, we present results from this instrument that illustrate how it can uncover the nature of low surface-brightness features such as thick disks by studying their kinematics, and trace faint kinematic populations that are photometrically undetectable.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. To be published in "Hunting for the Dark: The Hidden Side of Galaxy Formation", eds. V.P. Debattista & C.C. Popescu, AIP Conf. Ser
Relative Spectra and Distributions of Fluences of 3He and 4He in Solar Energetic Particles
Creators: name: Petrosian, Vahe
name: Jiang, Yan Wei
name: Liu, Siming
name: Ho, George C.
name: Glenn
name: Mason, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) show a rich variety of spectra and relative abundances of many ionic species and their isotopes. A long standing puzzle has been the extreme enrichments of 3He ions. The most extreme enrichments are observed in low fluence, the so-called impulsive, events which are believed to be produced at the flare site in the solar corona with little scattering and acceleration during transport to the Earth. In two earlier papers (Liu et al. 2004 and 2006) we showed how such extreme enrichments can result in the model developed by Petrosian and Liu (2004), where ions are accelerated stochastically by plasma waves or turbulence. In this paper we address the relative distributions of the fluences of 3He and 4He ions presented by Ho et al. (2005) which show that while the distribution of 4He fluence like many other extensive characteristics of solar flare, is fairly broad, the 3He fluence is limited to a narrow range. Moreover, the ratio of the fluences shows a strong correlation with the 4He fluence. One of the predictions of our model was presence of steep variation of the fluence ratio with the level of turbulence or the rate of acceleration. We show here that this feature of the model can reproduce the observed distribution of the fluences with very few free parameters. The primary reason for the success of the model in both fronts is because fully ionized 3He ion, with its unique charge to mass ratio, can resonantly interact with more plasma modes and accelerate more readily than 4He. Essentially in most flares, all background 3He ions are accelerated to few MeV/nucleon range, while this happens for 4He ions only in very strong events. A much smaller fraction of 4He ions reach such energies in weaker events.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ
A Cosmic Vision Beyond Einstein
Creators: name: Linder, Eric V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The acceleration of the cosmic expansion is a fundamental challenge to standard models of particle physics and cosmology. The new physics of dark energy may lie in the nature of gravity, the quantum vacuum, or extra dimensions. I give a brief overview of the puzzles and possibilities of dark energy, and discuss the confrontation of a wide variety of "beyond Einstein" models with the latest data, showing what we currently know and what we must seek to learn. Next generation experiments using a variety of cosmological probes will deeply explore dark energy, dark matter, and gravitation.
description: 8 pages; Based on invited talk at IDM2008
Borehole climate reconstructions: Spatial structure and hemispheric averages
Creators: name: Pollack, Henry N.
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Earth temperature
Atmosphere
Climatic changes
Hydrology

description: Ground surface temperature (GST) reconstructions determined from temperature profiles measured in terrestrial boreholes, when averaged over the Northern Hemisphere, estimate a surface warming of ~1 K during the interval AD 1500-2000. Other traditional proxy-based estimates suggest less warming during the same interval. Mann et al. [2003a] have raised two issues with regard to borehole-based reconstructions. The first focuses on the need for spatial gridding and area-weighting of the ensemble of borehole-based GST reconstructions to yield an average hemispheric reconstruction. The second asserts that application of optimal detection techniques show that the GST only weakly displays the spatial structure of the surface air temperature (SAT). We demonstrate the consistency of GST warming estimates by showing that over a wide range of grid element area and occupancy weighting schemes, the five-century GST change falls in the range of 0.89-1.05 K. We examine the subhemispheric spatial correlation of GST and SAT trends at various spatial scales. In the 5-degree grid employed for optimal detection, we find that the majority of grid element means are determined from three or fewer boreholes, a number that is insufficient to suppress site-specific noise via ensemble averaging. Significant spatial correlation between SAT and GST emerges in a 5-degree grid if low-occupancy grid elements are excluded, and also in a 30-degree grid in which grid element means are better determined through higher occupancy. Reconstructions assembled after excluding low-occupancy grid elements show a five-century GST change in the range of 1.02-1.06 K.
title: The Effects of Teaching Experience on the Counselor's Perception of his Role and Effectiveness in Counseling
Creators: name: Williams, Benne D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1965

description: Prior to World War II, the question as to whether or not public school counselors needed public school teaching experience would never have entered the minds of counselor educators, employers, or any other persons concerned with this matter. In the teaching field, a premium was placed on experience and often times an apprenticeship for a position had to be served. With today's shortage of teachers and counselors, a number of persons have been employed as public school counselors without teaching experience. The effects of the employment of public school counselors without school teaching experience has caused many questions to be raised concerning their effectiveness and how they compare in effectiveness with counselors who were employed only after having had successful teaching experience.
It has now become important to understand what effect public school teaching experience has on the school counselor and why public school teaching experience has been and still is a prerequisite for counselor certification. Some authorities in counselor education and supervision question this prerequisite and consider the effects of teaching to be more detrimental than helpful to the education and function of the public school counselor. Others see public school teaching experience as not only contributing to the preparation of the counselor but as an essential prerequisite for the effective functioning of the counselor in a public school setting.