cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Experimental Evidence on Adoption and Impact of the System of rice Intensification
Creators: name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Islam, Asad
name: Pakrashi, Debayan
name: Ruthbah, Ummul
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Islam, Asad
name: Pakrashi, Debayan
name: Ruthbah, Ummul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: agricultural development
subject: Bangladesh
subject: BRAC
subject: diffusion
subject: innovation
subject: learning
subject: technology adoption

description: We report the results of a large-scale, multi-year experimental evaluation of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an innovation that first emerged in Madagascar in the 1980s and has now diffused to more than 50 countries. Using a randomized training saturation design, we find that greater cross-sectional or intertemporal intensity of direct or indirect training exposure to SRI has a sizable, positive effect on Bangladeshi farmers’ propensity to adopt (and not to disadopt) SRI. We find large, positive and significant impacts of SRI training on rice yields and profits, as well as multiple household well-being indicators, for both trained and untrained farmers in training villages. Despite the significant farm-level impacts on rice productivity and labor costs, we find no evidence of significant general equilibrium effects on rice prices or wage rates. We also find high rates of disadoption, and clear indications of non-random selection into technology adoption conditional on randomized exposure to training, such that adopters and non-adopters within the same treatment arm experience similar outcomes. Rice yields, profits and household well-being outcomes do not, however, vary at the intensive margin with intensity of training exposure, a finding consistent with multi-object learning models.
Marine Protected Areas in Fisheries Management
Creators: name: Greenville, Jared W.
name: MacAulay, T. Gordon
name: Greenville, Jared W.
name: MacAulay, T. Gordon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Fisheries
subject: Fisheries management
subject: bioeconomics
subject: marine protected areas

description: The use of protected areas as a fishery management tool has been suggested as a hedge against management failures and variation in harvests. A stochastic bioeconomic model of a two-species fishery will be used to test the performance of protected areas as a management tool in a fishery with heterogenous environments. Protected areas are analysed under density-dependent and sink-source dispersal relationships between environments within the fishery. The model is applied to Manning Bioregion in NSW. Protected area performance as a tool for fisheries will be analysed given the existing management arrangement. The focus of the study is placed on the biological and economic characteristics that yield benefits to the fishery.
Firm Size Distribution and Performance of Maize and Fertilizer Traders After Market Liberalisation: Evidence from Kenya
Creators: name: Mose, Lawrence Obae
name: Burger, Kees
name: Mose, Lawrence Obae
name: Burger, Kees
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: liberalisation
subject: firm size distribution
subject: costs
subject: margins

description: Improvement in the performance of agricultural markets was the ultimate goal of market liberalisation. In this paper, firm (trader) size distribution as a factor influencing market performance is analyzed using maize and fertilizer traders from Kenya. Firm size distribution was assessed by analyzing the normality of the distribution on volume traded. Performance was assessed by the level of competition (using Hirschman-Herfindahl index), marketing margins and marketing costs. Results show that firm size distribution for both commodities is log-normally distributed but positively skewed indicating a tendency towards smaller than larger firms. A plausible explanation is that faced with inadequate financial resources and inadequate business experience, new entrants opt to start small. These younger traders relative to time of market liberalisation still trade in small quantities compared to preliberalisation entrants, possibly implying difficulties still faced in firm expansion. The Hirschman-Herfindahl index of 0.11 for fertilizer traders and 0.20 for maize traders shows that there is fair competition among traders, implying increased market performance. This is further supported by low marketing margins and low marketing costs for marketing maize and fertilizer, as envisaged by proponents of market liberalisation. Both marketing margins and costs decrease with increasing trader size signifying economies of scale enjoyed by large traders. Place of purchase, pack size and distance from fertilizer-purchasing centres explain the observed spatial fertilizer prices.
Job Creation in Italy: Geography, Determinants and Perspectives
Creators: name: Peri, Giovanni
name: Cunat, Alejandro
name: Peri, Giovanni
name: Cunat, Alejandro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Local Agglomeration Economies
subject: Employment Growth
subject: Italian Regions

description: The extremely large disparities in employment rates across Italian regions, and the bad performance of the Italian economy in terms of job creation in the 80´s and early 90´s make job creation a top-priority in the economic policy agenda. This paper uses data on employment from 784 Local Labor Systems (LLS´s) covering the whole Italian territory to analyze job creation and its covariates for the 1981-1996 period. Local agglomeration economies, in particular input-output linkages, social characteristics, in particular the crime rate, and infrastructure growth are found to be important determinants of employment growth across Italian LLS´s. Using these estimates and data relative to 1996, we assess the potential for job creation in the LLS´s for the next decade. The Northeast still proves to be the area with strongest potentials, while in the South Abruzzi and Northern Campania are the areas best equipped for filling their gap with the North.
Matrix Models, Large N Limits and Noncommutative Solitons
Creators: name: Szabo, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A survey of the interrelationships between matrix models and field theories on the noncommutative torus is presented. The discretization of noncommutative gauge theory by twisted reduced models is described along with a rigorous definition of the large N continuum limit. The regularization of arbitrary noncommutative field theories by means of matrix quantum mechanics and its connection to noncommutative solitons is also discussed.
description: 22 pages; Based on plenary lecture given at the XXIV Workshop on Geometric Methods in Physics, Bialowieza, Poland, June 26 - July 2 2005. To be published in Journal of Geometry and Symmetry in Physics
Tables S1-S4 from Eusociality influences the strength of negative selection on insect genomes
Creators: name: Imrit, Mohammad A.
name: Dogantzis, Kathleen A.
name: Harpur, Brock A.
name: Zayed, Amro
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Table S1. Social complexity and negative selection parameters for 10 insects. Table S2. Strength of negative selection on different site classes in fire ants, honey bees, bumblebees and paper wasps. Table S3. Proportion of 0-fold sites with strong negative selection (Nes > 100) on queen-biased and worker-biased genes in several social insects.Table S4. Statistical power for detecting differences in the strength of selection on worker biased and queen biased genes.
What Gravity Models Can Tell Us about the Position of German FDI in Central and Eastern Europe
Creators: name: Borrmann, Christine
name: Jungnickel, Rolf
name: Keller, Dietmar
name: Borrmann, Christine
name: Jungnickel, Rolf
name: Keller, Dietmar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Foreign Direct Investment
subject: Gravity Model
subject: Transformation Countries

description: The tradition of gravity models is in the analysis of trade flows with market size and geographic or economic distance as core variables. Both these variables can be important determinants of FDI, too. However, when such models are used to explain FDI, there can be differences in the mode of operation of these variables so that the interpretation can become uncertain. Market size can reach beyond the host country and distance can be an incentive as well as an impediment to FDI. In the present paper, we use gravity-type models in order to assess the level of German FDI in CEE countries, distinguishing between the four nearby core countries and the other six EU accession countries. Estimates are done both on the basis of an in-sample as well as an out-of-sample approach on the basis of FDI in 81 important host countries. From the various specifications it becomes obvious that (1) beside the size of the host country, the market potential of neighboring countries is an important determinant of the regional structure of German FDI, and (2) the costs of operating at a distance seem to be weighted higher than the advantage of being close to distant markets. Geographic distance seems to be more important than various measures of economic distance. On the whole, gravity-type models seem to be appropriate to explain the regional structure of FDI. However, the results should be interpreted with caution given the extremely wide confidence intervals of the estimates which is a feature of former studies, too.
Supplementary Material from Cyclically producing the Same average muscle-tendon force with a smaller duty increases metabolic rate
Creators: name: Beck, Owen N.
name: Gosyne, Jonathan
name: Franz, Jason R.
name: Sawicki, Gregory S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Linking Duty Factor and Total Active Muscle Volume
An agent-based model for interrelation between COVID-19 outbreak and economic activities
Creators: name: Kano, Takeshi
name: Yasui, Kotaro
name: Mikami, Taishi
name: Asally, Munehiro
name: Ishiguro, Akio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: As of July, 2020, acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus COVID-19 is spreading over the world and causing severe economic damages. While minimizing human contact is effective in managing the outbreak, it causes severe economic losses. Strategies solving this dilemma by considering interrelation between the spread of the virus and economic activities are in urgent needs for mitigating the health and economic damage. Here we propose an abstract agent-based model for the outbreak of COVID-19 in which economic activities are taken into account. The computational simulation of the model recapitulated the trade-off between health and economic damage associated with lockdown measures. Based on the simulation results, we discuss how macroscopic dynamics of infection and economy emerge from the individuals' behaviours. We believe our model can serve as a platform for discussing solutions to the abovementioned dilemma.
description: 15 pages, 10figures
Using graph theory and social media data to assess cultural ecosystem services in coastal areas: Method development and application
Creators: name: Ruiz-Frau, Ana
name: Ospina-Alvarez, Andres
name: Villasante, Sebastián
name: Pita, Pablo
name: Maya-Jariego, Isidro
name: Mohan, Silvia de Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.3
subject: 14J60 (Primary) 92F05, 91D30, 91B76 (Secondary)

description: The use of social media (SM) data has emerged as a promising tool for the assessment of cultural ecosystem services (CES). Most studies have focused on the use of single SM platforms and on the analysis of photo content to assess the demand for CES. Here, we introduce a novel methodology for the assessment of CES using SM data through the application of graph theory network analyses (GTNA) on hashtags associated to SM posts and compare it to photo content analysis. We applied the proposed methodology on two SM platforms, Instagram and Twitter, on three worldwide known case study areas, namely Great Barrier Reef, Galapagos Islands and Easter Island. Our results indicate that the analysis of hashtags through graph theory offers similar capabilities to photo content analysis in the assessment of CES provision and the identification of CES providers. More importantly, GTNA provides greater capabilities at identifying relational values and eudaimonic aspects associated to nature, elusive aspects for photo content analysis. In addition, GTNA contributes to the reduction of the interpreter's bias associated to photo content analyses, since GTNA is based on the tags provided by the users themselves. The study also highlights the importance of considering data from different social media platforms, as the type of users and the information offered by these platforms can show different CES attributes. The ease of application and short computing processing times involved in the application of GTNA makes it a cost-effective method with the potential of being applied to large geographical scales.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, 2 appendices
Footloose Capital, Market Access, and the Geography of Regional State Aid
Creators: name: Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.
name: Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: economic integration
subject: specialization
subject: home market effect
subject: regional disparities
subject: regional policy

description: The global welfare implications of home market effects in trade models with imperfect competition are little understood. This paper proposes a simple model in which such implications can be easily analyzed. It shows an overall tendency of imperfectly competitive sectors to inefficiently cluster in locations that offer market access advantages. The more so the stronger the market power of firms as well as the intensity of increasing returns to scale and the lower the trade costs. As such features are likely to differ widely across sectors, those results provide theoretical ground to the promotion of regional policies that are also sectorspecific and not only region-specific as currently in the EU.
Heavy-metal Jupiters by major mergers: metallicity vs. mass for giant planets
Creators: name: Ginzburg, Sivan
name: Chiang, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some Jupiter-mass exoplanets contain $\sim$$100\, M_\oplus$ of metals, well above the $\sim$$10\, M_\oplus$ typically needed in a solid core to trigger giant planet formation by runaway gas accretion. We demonstrate that such `heavy-metal Jupiters' can result from planetary mergers near $\sim$10 au. Multiple cores accreting gas at runaway rates gravitationally perturb one another onto crossing orbits such that the average merger rate equals the gas accretion rate. Concurrent mergers and gas accretion implies the core mass scales with the total planet mass as $M_{\rm core} \propto M^{1/5}$ - heavier planets harbour heavier cores, in agreement with the observed mass-metallicity relation. While the average gas giant merges about once to double its core, others may merge multiple times, as merger trees grow chaotically. We show that the dispersion of outcomes inherent in mergers can reproduce the large scatter in observed planet metallicities, assuming $3-30\, M_\oplus$ pre-runaway cores. Mergers potentially correlate metallicity, eccentricity, and spin.
description: Submitted to MNRAS
RELEVANCE MAKES A DIFFERENCE
Creators: name: Ilesanmi, Dele Alaba
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: To be relevant and make a difference in this life requires a paradigm shift—a significant change. And you cannot provoke a change to be relevant without being creative, and you cannot be creative without knowing God (Dan 11:32; cf. Dan 1:20), because creativity is a reflection of divinity. The author believes that the word of God suits and applies to all situations in every season, time, or period. Thus, this paper focuses on how to be relevant and make a difference in our organisations and professions. The seminar paper concludes that our success depends solely on God, not on our intellect and study.
Discovery of Extended Tidal Tails around the Globular Cluster Palomar 13
Creators: name: Shipp, Nora
name: Price-Whelan, Adrian
name: Tavangar, Kiyan
name: Mateu, Cecilia
name: Drlica-Wagner, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use photometry from the DECam Legacy Survey to detect candidate tidal tails extending ~5 deg on either side of the Palomar 13 globular cluster. The tails are aligned with the proper motion of Palomar 13 and are consistent with its old, metal-poor stellar population. We identify three RR Lyrae stars that are plausibly associated with the tails, in addition to four previously known in the cluster. From these RR Lyrae stars, we find that the mean distance to the cluster and tails is $23.6 \pm 0.2$ kpc and estimate the total (initial) luminosity of the cluster to be $L_V=5.1^{+9.7}_{-3.4}\times 10^3 L_\odot$, consistent with previous claims that its initial luminosity was higher than its current luminosity. Combined with previously-determined proper motion and radial velocity measurements of the cluster, we find that Palomar 13 is on a highly eccentric orbit ($e\sim 0.8$) with a pericenter of ~9 kpc and an apocenter of ~69 kpc, and a recent pericentric passage of the cluster ~75 Myr ago. We note a prominent linear structure in the interstellar dust map that runs parallel to the candidate tidal features, but conclude that reddening due to dust is unlikely to account for the structure that we observe. If confirmed, the Palomar 13 stellar stream would be one of very few streams with a known progenitor system, making it uniquely powerful for studying the disruption of globular clusters, the formation of the stellar halo, and the distribution of matter within our Galaxy.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Submitted to AAS journals
Tracking the joints of articulated objects without an a priori shape model
Creators: name: Leonard, Simon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The conventional methodology for tracking articulated objects relies on the knowledge of a shape model of the tracked object. The disadvantage of these top-down methods is their dependence on many assumptions, controlled environment and a priori knowledge. To be able to track and analyze arbitrary articulated motion, a radically different approach is necessary. This thesis proposes a method that addresses the lack of generality and adaptability of previous tracking systems for articulated objects. The method is built around an appropriate generic representation of articulated objects, which is a simple structural representation based on the joints configuration. The introduced method is a bottom-up approach able of detecting the joints of a moving object without any knowledge or assumptions. The method starts by extracting the moving contours of the object. Then the Hausdorff distance is used to decompose the contours into rigid components. From this decomposition, the joints are found by detecting the intersecting edge segments between adjacent components. Finally, the joints are then tracked by using an ad hoc deterministic version of the CONDENSATION algorithm.
Supplementary analyses from Perceived efficacy of COVID-19 restrictions, reactions and their impact on mental health during the early phase of the outbreak in six countries
Creators: name: Mækelæ, Martin Jensen
name: Reggev, Niv
name: Dutra, Natalia
name: Tamayo, Ricardo M.
name: Silva-Sobrinho, Reinaldo A.
name: Klevjer, Kristoffer
name: Pfuhl, Gerit
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The COVID-19 pandemic forced millions of people to drastically change their social life habits as governments employed harsh restrictions to reduce the spread of the virus. Although beneficial to physical health, the perception of physical distancing and related restrictions could impact mental health. In a pre-registered online survey, we assessed how effective a range of restrictions were perceived, how severely they affected daily life, general distress and paranoia during the early phase of the outbreak in Brazil, Colombia, Germany, Israel, Norway and USA. Most of our over 2000 respondents rated the restrictions as effective. School closings were perceived as having the strongest effect on daily life. Participants who believed their country reacted too mildly perceived the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 to be higher, were more worried and expressed reduced beliefs in the ability to control the outbreak. Relatedly, dissatisfaction with governmental reactions corresponded with increased distress levels. Together, we found that satisfaction with one's governmental reactions and fear appraisal play an important role in assessing the efficacy of restrictions during the pandemic and their related psychological outcomes. These findings inform policy-makers on the psychological factors that strengthen resilience and foster the well-being of citizens in times of global crisis.
Supplementary Information description from Rhythms during the polar night: evidence of clock-gene oscillations in the Arctic scallop Chlamys islandica
Creators: name: Perrigault, Mickael
name: Andrade, Hector
name: Bellec, Laure
name: Ballantine, Carl
name: Camus, Lionel
name: Tran, Damien
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Details provided in ESM file
Hilbert-Schmidt Separability Probabilities and Noninformativity of Priors
Creators: name: Slater, Paul B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Horodecki family employed the Jaynes maximum-entropy principle, fitting the mean (b_{1}) of the Bell-CHSH observable (B). This model was extended by Rajagopal by incorporating the dispersion (σ_{1}^2) of the observable, and by Canosa and Rossignoli, by generalizing the observable (B_α). We further extend the Horodecki one-parameter model in both these manners, obtaining a three-parameter (b_{1},σ_{1}^2,α) two-qubit model, for which we find a highly interesting/intricate continuum (-\infty < α< \infty) of Hilbert-Schmidt (HS) separability probabilities -- in which, the golden ratio is featured. Our model can be contrasted with the three-parameter (b_{q}, σ_{q}^2,q) one of Abe and Rajagopal, which employs a q(Tsallis)-parameter rather than $α$, and has simply q-invariant HS separability probabilities of 1/2. Our results emerge in a study initially focused on embedding certain information metrics over the two-level quantum systems into a q-framework. We find evidence that Srednicki's recently-stated biasedness criterion for noninformative priors yields rankings of priors fully consistent with an information-theoretic test of Clarke, previously applied to quantum systems by Slater.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures
[Letter from Ethel Sarel Barton]
Creators: name: Barton, Ethel Sarel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1901
Subjects: Heydrich, Franz

description: Expresses gratitude for receiving the two papers on Lithothamnia and one on the exposure of the Heydrich determination. Expresses happiness that the Siboga algae are among the work being done by Foslie.
Metamagnetic phase transition of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg icosahedron
Creators: name: Schröder, Christian
name: Schmidt, Heinz-Jürgen
name: Schnack, Jürgen
name: Luban, Marshall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of hysteresis effects in single molecule magnets like Mn$_{12}$-acetate has initiated ideas of future applications in storage technology. The appearance of a hysteresis loop in such compounds is an outcome of their magnetic anisotropy. In this Letter we report that magnetic hysteresis occurs in a spin system without any anisotropy, specifically, where spins mounted on the vertices of an icosahedron are coupled by antiferromagnetic isotropic nearest-neighbor Heisenberg interaction giving rise to geometric frustration. At T=0 this system undergoes a first order metamagnetic phase transition at a critical field $\Bcrit$ between two distinct families of ground state configurations. The metastable phase of the system is characterized by a temperature and field dependent survival probability distribution.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters
Political Risk, Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment
Creators: name: Busse, Matthias
name: Hefeker, Carsten
name: Busse, Matthias
name: Hefeker, Carsten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Political Risk
subject: Institutions
subject: FDI
subject: Multinational Corporations

description: The paper explores the linkages between political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment inflows. Using different econometric techniques for a data sample of 83 developing countries and the period 1984 to 2003, we identify those indicators that matter most for the activities of multinational corporations. Overall, 12 different indicators for political risk and institutions are employed in the empirical analysis. The results show that government stability, the absence of internal conflict and ethnic tensions, basic democratic rights and ensuring law and order are highly significant determinants of foreign investment inflows.
Six-fold Excitations in Electrides
Creators: name: Nie, Simin
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Wang, Zhijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the lack of full rotational symmetry in condensed matter physics, solids exhibit new excitations beyond Dirac and Weyl fermions, of which the six-fold excitations have attracted considerable interest owing to the presence of the maximum degeneracy in bosonic systems. Here, we propose that a single linear dispersive six-fold excitation can be found in the electride Li$_{12}$Mg$_3$Si$_4$ and its derivatives. The six-fold excitation is formed by the floating bands of elementary band representation -- $A@12a$ -- originating from the excess electrons centered at the vacancies (${\it i.e.}$, the $12a$ Wyckoff sites). There exists a unique topological bulk-surface-edge correspondence for the spinless six-fold excitation, resulting in trivial surface 'Fermi arcs' but nontrivial hinge arcs. All energetically-gapped $k_z$-slices belong to a two-dimensional (2D) higher-order topological insulating phase, which is protected by a combined symmetry ${\mathcal T}{\widetilde S_{4z}}$ and characterized by a quantized fractional corner charge $Q_{corner}=\frac{3|e|}{4}$. Consequently, the hinge arcs are obtained in the hinge spectra of the $\widetilde S_{4z}$-symmetric rod structure. The state with a single six-fold excitation, stabilized by both nonsymmorphic crystalline symmetries and time-reversal symmetry, is located at the phase boundary and can be driven into various topologically distinct phases by explicit breaking of symmetries, making these electrides promising platforms for the systematic studies of different topological phases.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables
Cosmological Forecast for non-Gaussian Statistics in large-scale weak Lensing Surveys
Creators: name: Zürcher, Dominik
name: Fluri, Janis
name: Sgier, Raphael
name: Kacprzak, Tomasz
name: Refregier, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic shear data contains a large amount of cosmological information encapsulated in the non-Gaussian features of the weak lensing mass maps. This information can be extracted using non-Gaussian statistics. We compare the constraining power in the $Ω_{\mathrm{m}} - σ_8$ plane of three map-based non-Gaussian statistics with the angular power spectrum, namely; peak/minimum counts and Minkowski functionals. We further analyze the impact of tomography and systematic effects originating from galaxy intrinsic alignments, multiplicative shear bias and photometric redshift systematics. We forecast the performance of the statistics for a stage-3-like weak lensing survey and restrict ourselves to scales $\geq$ 10 arcmin. We find, that in our setup, the considered non-Gaussian statistics provide tighter constraints than the angular power spectrum. The peak counts show the greatest potential, increasing the Figure-of-Merit (FoM) in the $Ω_{\mathrm{m}} - σ_8$ plane by a factor of about 4. A combined analysis using all non-Gaussian statistics in addition to the power spectrum increases the FoM by a factor of 5 and reduces the error on $S_8$ by $\approx$ 25\%. We find that the importance of tomography is diminished when combining non-Gaussian statistics with the angular power spectrum. The non-Gaussian statistics indeed profit less from tomography and the minimum counts and Minkowski functionals add some robustness against galaxy intrinsic alignment in a non-tomographic setting. We further find that a combination of the angular power spectrum and the non-Gaussian statistics allows us to apply conservative scale cuts in the analysis, thus helping to minimize the impact of baryonic and relativistic effects, while conserving the cosmological constraining power. We make the code that was used to conduct this analysis publicly available.
Angular Momentum of the BTZ Black Hole in the Teleparallel Geometry
Creators: name: Sousa, A. A.
name: Pereira, R. B.
name: da Rocha-Neto, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out the Hamiltonian formulation of the three- dimensional gravitational teleparallelism without imposing the time gauge condition, by rigorously performing the Legendre transform. Definition of the gravitational angular momentum arises by suitably interpreting the integral form of the constraint equation Gama^ik=0 as an angular momentum equation. The gravitational angular momentum is evaluated for the gravitational field of a rotating BTZ black hole.
description: 17 pages, no figures, v2: some misprints corrected, Ref.s added, Eq.s revised, submitted to General Relativity and Gravitation
[Letter from Johan Nordal Fischer Wille]
Creators: name: Wille, Johan Nordal Fischer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1901

description: Is drawing up a list of Norwegian botanical literature from 1891 to 1900. Requests the complete list of Foslie’s publications in this period. Asks whether Arbeiderakademiet in Trondhjem is interested in a lecture from him about his journey to the Caucasus Mountains.
description: Handwritten comments on the letter.
The age of the Milky Way inner stellar spheroid from RR Lyrae population synthesis
Creators: name: Savino, A.
name: Koch, A.
name: Prudil, Z.
name: Kunder, A.
name: Smolec, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The central kiloparsecs of the Milky Way are known to host an old, spheroidal stellar population, whose spatial and kinematical properties set it apart from the boxy/peanut structure that constitutes most of the central stellar mass. The nature of this spheroidal population, whether a small classical bulge, the innermost stellar halo or a population of disk stars with large initial velocity dispersion, remains unclear. This structure is also a promising candidate to host some of the oldest stars in the Galaxy. Here we address the topic of the inner stellar spheroid age, using spectroscopic and photometric metallicities for a sample of 935 RR Lyrae stars that are constituents of this component. By means of stellar population synthesis, we derive an age-metallicity relation for RR Lyrae populations. We infer, for the RR Lyrae stars in the bulge spheroid, an extremely ancient age of $13.41 \pm 0.54$ Gyr and conclude they were among the first stars to form in what is now the Milky Way galaxy. Our age estimate for the central spheroid shows remarkable agreement with the age profile that has been inferred for the Milky Way stellar halo, suggesting a connection between the two structures. However, we find mild evidence for a transition in the halo properties at $r_{\rm GC} \sim 5$~kpc. We also investigate formation scenarios for metal-rich RR Lyrae stars, such as binarity and helium variations, and whether they can provide alternative explanations for the properties of our sample. We conclude that, within our framework, the only viable alternative is to have younger, slightly helium-rich, RR Lyrae stars, a hypothesis that would open intriguing questions for the formation of the inner stellar spheroid.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 17 pages, 15 figures
3D gravity and non-linear cosmology
Creators: name: Devecchi, F. P.
name: Froehlich, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By the inclusion of an additional term, non-linear in the scalar curvature $R$, it is tested if dark energy could rise as a geometrical effect in 3D gravitational formulations. We investigate a cosmological fluid obeying a non-polytropic equation of state (the van der Waals equation) that is used to construct the energy-momentum tensor of the sources, representing the hypothetical inflaton in gravitational interaction with a matter contribution. Following the evolution in time of the scale factor, its acceleration, and the energy densities of constituents it is possible to construct the description of an inflationary 3D universe, followed by a matter dominated era. For later times it is verified that, under certain conditions, the non-linear term in $R$ can generate the old 3D universe in accelerated expansion, where the ordinary matter is represented by the barotropic limit of the van der Waals constituent.
description: 7 pages, to appear in Mod. Phys. Lett
Planetary Systems in a Star Cluster II: intermediate-mass black holes and planetary systems
Creators: name: Dotti, Francesco Flammini
name: Kouwenhoven, M. B. N.
name: Shu, Qi
name: Hao, Wei
name: Spurzem, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most stars form in dense stellar environments. It is speculated that some dense star clusters may host intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), which may have formed from runaway collisions between high-mass stars, or from the mergers of less massive black holes. Here, we numerically explore the evolution of populations of planets in star clusters with an IMBH. We study the dynamical evolution of single-planet systems and free-floating planets, over a period of 100~Myr, in star clusters without an IMBH, and in clusters with a central IMBH of mass $100~M_\odot$ or $200~M_\odot$. In the central region ($r\lesssim 0.2$~pc), the IMBH's tidal influence on planetary systems is typically 10~times stronger than the average neighbour star. For a star cluster with a $200M_\odot$ IMBH, the region in which the IMBH's influence is stronger within the virial radius ($\sim 1$~pc). The IMBH quenches mass segregation, and the stars in the core tend to move towards intermediate regions. The ejection rate of both stars and planets is higher when an IMBH is present. The rate at which planets are expelled from their host star rate is higher for clusters with higher IMBH masses, for $t<0.5 t_{rh}$, while remains mostly constant while the star cluster fills its Roche lobe, similar to a star cluster without an IMBH. The disruption rate of planetary systems is higher in initially denser clusters, and for wider planetary orbits, but this rate is substantially enhanced by the presence of a central IMBH.
description: 17 Pages, 39 Figures, accepted for pubblication on Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society on date 14 July 2020
Can Process Conditionality Enhance Aid Effectiveness? The Role of Bureaucratic Interest and Public Pressure
Creators: name: Hefeker, Carsten
name: Michaelowa, Katharina
name: Hefeker, Carsten
name: Michaelowa, Katharina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Political Economy
subject: poverty reduction
subject: process conditionality
subject: political economy of international organizations.

description: Can process conditionality really enhance poverty reduction in developing countries? This question is addressed in the framework of a politico-economic model considering political distortions both on the recipient and on the donor side. It turns out that process conditionality is a very useful tool to raise the welfare of the poor as long as the international aid organizations hold all necessary information to assess the political situation in recipient countries and to select the true representatives of the poor into a participatory process. If they do not hold this information or if other bureaucratic interests reduce their incentive to acquire this information, process conditionality loses its effectiveness in achieving the desired objective.
Light scattering and phase behavior of Lysozyme-PEG mixtures
Creators: name: Bloustine, J.
name: Virmani, T.
name: Thurston, G. M.
name: Fraden, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of liquid-liquid phase transition temperatures (cloud points) of mixtures of a protein (lysozyme) and a polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) show that the addition of low molecular weight PEG stabilizes the mixture whereas high molecular weight PEG was destabilizing. We demonstrate that this behavior is inconsistent with an entropic depletion interaction between lysozyme and PEG and suggest that an energetic attraction between lysozyme and PEG is responsible. In order to independently characterize the lysozyme/PEG interactions, light scattering experiments on the same mixtures were performed to measure second and third virial coefficients. These measurements indicate that PEG induces repulsion between lysozyme molecules, contrary to the depletion prediction. Furthermore, it is shown that third virial terms must be included in the mixture's free energy in order to qualitatively capture our cloud point and light scattering data. The light scattering results were consistent with the cloud point measurements and indicate that attractions do exist between lysozyme and PEG.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Numerical simulation of solar photospheric jet-like phenomena caused by magnetic reconnection
Creators: name: Kotani, Yuji
name: Shibata, Kazunari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jet phenomena with a bright loop in their footpoint, called anemone jets, have been observed in the solar corona and chromosphere. These jets are formed as a consequence of magnetic reconnection, and from the scale universality of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), it can be expected that anemone jets exist even in the solar photosphere. However, it is not necessarily apparent that jets can be generated as a result of magnetic reconnection in the photosphere, where the magnetic energy is not dominant. Furthermore, MHD waves generated from the photospheric jets could contribute to chromospheric heating and spicule formation; however, this hypothesis has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we perform 3D MHD simulation including gravity with the solar photospheric parameter to investigate anemone jets in the solar photosphere. In the simulation, jet-like structures were induced by magnetic reconnection in the solar photosphere. We determined that these jet-like structures were caused by slow shocks formed by the reconnection and were propagated approximately in the direction of the background magnetic field. We also suggested that MHD waves from the jet-like structures could influence local atmospheric heating and spicule formation.
description: 34 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
Export Intensity and Plant Characteristics: What Can We Learn from Quantile Regression?
Creators: name: Wagner, Joachim
name: Wagner, Joachim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Exports
subject: quantile regression
subject: heterogeneous firms

description: Using quantile regression and a rich cross section data set for German manufacturing plants this paper documents that the impact of plant characteristics on export activities varies along the conditional size distribution of the export/sales ratio.
Supplementary files for JCEM manuscript about osteoporosis
Creators: name: Chu-Wen Ling
name: Zelei Miao
name: Mian-Li Xiao
name: Hongwei Zhou
name: Zengliang Jiang
name: Yuanqing Fu
name: Xiong, Feng
name: Luo-Shi-Yuan Zuo
name: Liu, Yu-Ping
name: Wu, Yan-Yan
name: Jing, Li-Peng
name: Geng-Dong Chen
name: Ding, Ding
name: Wang, Cheng
name: Hui-Lian Zhu
name: He, Yan
name: Ju-Sheng Zheng
name: Chen, Yu-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Diseases
subject: 110303 Clinical Microbiology

description: Supplementary files for JCEM manuscript
Supplementary files for JCEM manuscript about osteoporosis
Creators: name: Chu-Wen Ling
name: Zeilei Miao
name: Mian-Li Xiao
name: HONGWEI ZHOU
name: Zengliang Jiang
name: Yuanqing Fu
name: Xiong, Feng
name: Luo-Shi-Yuan Zuo
name: Liu, Yu-Ping
name: Wu, Yan-Yan
name: Jing, Li-Peng
name: Geng-Dong Chen
name: Ding, Ding
name: Wang, Cheng
name: Hui-Lian Zhu
name: He, Yan
name: Ju-Sheng Zheng
name: Chen, Yu-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Diseases
subject: 110303 Clinical Microbiology

description: Supplementary files for JCEM manuscript
Weak Gravity Conjecture in de Sitter space-time
Creators: name: Antoniadis, Ignatios
name: Benakli, Karim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a generalisation of the Weak Gravity Conjecture in de Sitter space by studying charged black-holes and comparing the gravitational and an abelian gauge forces. Using the same condition as in flat space, namely the absence of black-hole remnants, one finds that for a given mass $m$ there should be a state with a charge $q$ bigger than a minimal value $q_{\rm min}(m,l)$, depending on the mass and the de Sitter radius $l$, in Planck units. In the large radius flat space limit (large $l$), $q_{\rm min}\to m$ leading to the known result $q>m/\sqrt{2}$, while in the highly curved case (small $l$) $q_{\rm min}$ behaves as $\sqrt{ml}$. We also discuss the example of the gauged R-symmetry in $N=1$ supergravity.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
The Two Transitions in Central and Eastern Europe and the Relation between Path Dependent and Politically Implemented Institutional Change
Creators: name: Zweynert, Joachim
name: Goldschmidt, Nils
name: Zweynert, Joachim
name: Goldschmidt, Nils
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Cultural Economics
subject: Institutions
subject: Transition
subject: Path Dependence.

description: The increasing gap between the formerly socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CE & EE) with regard to both their economic and political performance cannot be explained by their different starting conditions after the breakdown of the Soviet Union alone. Rather, it is due to cultural and historical circumstances that shape the particular tradition and societal environment. Taking a cultural approach and referring to the newer literature on the transfer of institutions, we try to improve the understanding of the interrelation between formal and informal institutions. Our central thesis is that the "reaction rate" of informal institutions depends on their compatibility with imported formal institutions. The transition processes in CE & EE can tell us much about the relation between path dependent and politically implemented institutional change. During the 20th century the countries of CE & EE twice went through rapid institutional change: For centuries they had acculturated to Western Europe, but as a result of the October Revolution "Eastern" patterns were imposed upon them. Since the breakdown of the SU in the late 1980s they have "returned to Europe" by (re-)establishing democracy and capitalism. In our opinion, to understand the differences in performance between the transition countries, it is necessary to interpret both transitions as processes of institutional transplantation and ask how the informal institutional settings in the different countries interacted with the imported formal institutions.
S-duality and supersymmetry on curved manifolds
Creators: name: Festuccia, Guido
name: Zabzine, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We perform a systematic study of S-duality for ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric non-linear abelian theories on a curved manifold. Localization can be used to compute certain supersymmetric observables in these theories. We point out that localization and S-duality acting as a Legendre transform are not compatible. For these theories S-duality should be interpreted as Fourier transform and we provide some evidence for this. We also suggest the notion of a coholomological prepotential for an abelian theory that gives the same partition function as a given non-abelian supersymmetric theory.
description: 51 pages
[Letter from Alexander Hermanowitsch Henckel]
Creators: name: Henckel, Alexander Hermanowitsch
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1901
Subjects: Gobi, Christophos Jacoblewitsch
Wille, Johan Nordal Fischer

description: Expresses gratitude for receiving the 30 publications. The sent Lithothamnion is to keep just send the list to Gobi.