Occulta Nakahara &amp; Willmott 2023
Creators: name: Espeland, Marianne
name: Nakahara, Shinichi
name: Zacca, Thamara
name: Barbosa, Eduardo P.
name: Huertas, Blanca
name: Marín, Mario A.
name: Lamas, Gerardo
name: Benmesbah, Mohamed
name: Brévignon, Christian
name: Casagrande, Mirna M.
name: Fåhraeus, Christer
name: Grishin, Nick
name: Kawahara, Akito Y.
name: Mielke, Olaf H. H.
name: Miller, Jacqueline Y.
name: Nakamura, Ichiro
name: Navas, Vanessa
name: Patrusky, Brooke
name: Pyrcz, Tomasz W.
name: Richards, Lindsay
name: Tan, Denise
name: Tyler, Stephanie
name: Viloria, Angel
name: Warren, Andrew D.
name: Xiao, Lei
name: Freitas, André V. L.
name: Willmott, Keith R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Occulta

description: <i>Occulta</i> Nakahara &amp; Willmott, genus novum. Type species: <i>Euptychia ocnus</i> Butler, 1867, by present designation. <b>Zoobank registration</b>: https://zoobank.org/Nomenclatural Acts/7B2BBC71-C2FC-40B8-A24A-14A986151D85 <b>Systematic placement and diagnosis</b>. <i>Occulta</i> <b>gen.n.</b> is a member of the ‘ <i>Splendeuptychia</i> clade’, and it is rather distantly related to the remainder of the clade. Currently, <i>Occulta</i> <b>gen.n.</b> is modestly supported (SH-aLRT 100, UFB 75) as sister to a large clade including species-rich genera such as <i>Caeruleuptychia</i>, <i>Paryphthimoides</i>, and <i>Splendeuptychia</i>, among others (Figure 10). Based on hybrid enrichment data, Espeland et al. (2019a) recovered <i>Occulta</i> <b>gen.n.</b> (as ‘ <i>Magneuptychia ocnus</i> ’) as sister to ‘ <i>Erichthodes</i> ’ <i>narapa</i> (now <i>Capronnieria narapa</i> <b>comb.n.</b>) and <i>Capronnieria galesus</i>, although with only moderate support (BS and PP&gt;0.75 &lt;0.95). This relationship, with similar low support, was also found in the backbone tree in this study (Figure S 1). The single species of <i>Occulta</i> <b>gen.n.</b> (Figure 30) resembles some species of <i>Deltaya</i> <b>gen.n.</b> (see Figures 33 and 34 below), but may be distinguished by possessing elongate, ‘smudge-like’ orangish spots with a silver marking in the middle in VHW cells M 2 and M 3, whereas the ocelli in these cells in <i>Deltaya</i> <b>gen.n.</b> are more rounded and have double silver spots encircled by a better defined yellowish ring. Furthermore, the dark ventral discal and postdiscal bands are typically narrower in <i>Occulta</i> <b>gen.n.</b> compared to <i>Deltaya</i> <b>gen.n.</b> species, perhaps with the exception of <i>D</i>. <i>ocypete</i>, whose ventral bands are often narrower in comparison with other closely related species. In particular, in <i>Occulta</i> <b>gen.n.</b> the VHW marginal band is of even width throughout, whereas this band forms a ‘wedge-shaped’ swelling at the tornus in <i>Deltaya</i> <b>gen.n.</b> In addition, <i>Occulta</i> <b>gen.n.</b> possesses a tiny, rather incomplete ocellus in VHW cell Cu 2, which is absent in <i>Deltaya</i> <b>gen.n.</b> The male genitalia also differ between <i>Occulta</i> <b>gen.n.</b> (Figure 31) and the type species of <i>Deltaya</i> <b>gen.n.</b> and close relatives (referred to as ‘core’ <i>Deltaya</i> <b>gen.n.</b>) (Figure 34), at least, by the lack of a developed ‘hump’ on the dorsal margin of the valva, and instead only have a slightly serrated region at the dorsal margin distal of the costa. In lateral view, the costa appears as a narrow plate in <i>Occulta</i> <b>gen.n.</b>, whereas the costa appears as a somewhat trapezoidal plate in lateral view in ‘core’ <i>Deltaya</i> <b>gen.n.</b> See description of <i>Deltaya</i> <b>gen.n.</b> below for details about ‘core’ <i>Deltaya</i> <b>gen.n</b>. <b>Etymology</b>. The generic name is a Latin feminine adjective treated as a noun in the nominative singular, ‘occulta’, meaning a ‘hidden’ or ‘secret’ thing, in reference to the former concealment of this taxon within <i>Magneuptychia</i>. The generic name is also coined in alliteration with the species-group name. <b>Description</b> (Figures 30 and 31). Wing pattern and shape as illustrated (Figure 30). Other notable characters include eyes setose; pterothoracic legs dorsally darker, tibia with two principal longitudinal rows of spines ventrally, in addition to some spines laterally, pair of spurs of similar length at distal end of tibia, first tarsomere with three principal longitudinal rows of spines ventrally, remaining distal tarsomeres with four principal longitudinal rows of spines ventrally. Medium-sized Euptychiina (FW length typically 23 <i>–</i> 26 mm), DFW and DHW of males without obvious androconial scales, but long setiform scales visible in discal cell and adjacent areas, especially extending along inner margin. Male with 8th tergite a narrow stripe at basal side of the eighth abdominal segment, broad weakly sclerotized patch present at posterior side of eighth abdominal segment; genitalia as illustrated (Figure 31); costa appearing as a narrow plate in lateral view; cornuti present, otherwise genitalia as illustrated (Figure 31). Female genitalia (Figure 31) with intersegmental membrane of between seventh and eighth abdominal segment somewhat pleated and expandable with very weak sclerotization ventrally; lamella antevaginalis membranous; eighth segment with irregular lateral sclerotized plate narrowing slightly dorsally; pair of well-defined signa present. <i>Occulta</i> Nakahara &amp; Willmott, <b>gen.n.</b> <i>ocnus</i> (Butler, 1867), <b>comb.n.</b>, was <i>Magneuptychia</i> = <i>gracilis</i> (Weymer, 1911), <b>comb.n.</b>, was <i>Magneuptychia</i>
description: Published as part of <i>Espeland, Marianne, Nakahara, Shinichi, Zacca, Thamara, Barbosa, Eduardo P., Huertas, Blanca, Marín, Mario A., Lamas, Gerardo, Benmesbah, Mohamed, Brévignon, Christian, Casagrande, Mirna M., Fåhraeus, Christer, Grishin, Nick, Kawahara, Akito Y., Mielke, Olaf H. H., Miller, Jacqueline Y., Nakamura, Ichiro, Navas, Vanessa, Patrusky, Brooke, Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Richards, Lindsay, Tan, Denise, Tyler, Stephanie, Viloria, Angel, Warren, Andrew D., Xiao, Lei, Freitas, André V. L. &amp; Willmott, Keith R., 2023, Combining target enrichment and Sanger sequencing data to clarify the systematics of the diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), pp. 1-73 in Zoological Research 2023</i> on pages 35-67, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12590, http://zenodo.org/record/7909395
description: {"references": ["Butler, A. G. (1867) Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867, 104 - 110.", "Espeland, M., Breinholt, J., Barbosa, E. P., Casagrande, M., Huertas, B., Lamas, G. et al. (2019 a) Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131, 116 - 124.", "Weymer, G. (1911) 4. Familie: Satyridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.) Die GrossSchmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart: A. Kernen, pp. 173 - 280."]}