cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Gravitational Wave Signature of Core-Collapse Supernovae
Creators: name: Ott, Christian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the ensemble of anticipated gravitational-wave (GW) emission processes in stellar core collapse and postbounce core-collapse supernova evolution. We discuss recent progress in the modeling of these processes and summarize most recent GW signal estimates. In addition, we present new results on the GW emission from postbounce convective overturn and protoneutron star g-mode pulsations based on axisymmetric radiation-hydrodynamic calculations. Galactic core-collapse supernovae are very rare events, but within 3-5 Mpc from Earth, the rate jumps to 1 in ~2 years. Using the set of currently available theoretical gravitational waveforms, we compute upper-limit optimal signal-to-noise ratios based on current and advanced LIGO/GEO600/VIRGO noise curves for the recent SN 2008bk which exploded at ~3.9 Mpc. While initial LIGOs cannot detect GWs emitted by core-collapse events at such a distance, we find that advanced LIGO-class detectors could put significant upper limits on the GW emission strength for such events. We study the potential occurrence of the various GW emission processes in particular supernova explosion scenarios and argue that the GW signatures of neutrino-driven, magneto-rotational, and acoustically-driven core-collapse SNe may be mutually exclusive. We suggest that even initial LIGOs could distinguish these explosion mechanisms based on the detection (or non-detection) of GWs from a galactic core-collapse supernova.
description: Topical Review, accepted for publication in CQG. 51 pages, 13 figures, a version of the article with high-resolution figures is available from http://stellarcollapse.org/papers/Ott_SN_GW_review2008.pdf. Update: Added section on core collapse simulations and the treatment of general relativity
Terahertz Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Microcavity Lasers I: Photon Lasers
Creators: name: Spotnitz, Matthew Em.
name: Kwong, Nai-Hang
name: Binder, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiconductor microcavities can exhibit various macroscopic quantum phenomena, including Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons, Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) states of polaritons, and photon lasing (lasing with negligible Coulombic exciton effects). An important aspect of possible experimental identification of these states is a gap in the excitation spectrum (the BCS gap in the case of a polaritonic BCS state). Similar to the polaritonic BCS gap, a light-induced gap can exist in photon lasers. Although polaritonic BCS states have been observed on the basis of spectroscopy in the vicinity of the laser frequency, the direct observation of polaritonic BCS gaps using light spectrally centered at or around the emission frequency has not been achieved. It has been conjectured that low-frequency (terahertz) spectroscopy should be able to identify such gaps. In this first of two studies, a theory aimed at identifying features of light-induced gaps in the linear terahertz spectroscopy of photon lasers is developed and numerically evaluated. It is shown that spectral features in the intraband conductivity, and therefore in the system's transmissivity and absorptivity can be related to the light-induced gap. For sufficiently small Drude damping this includes spectral regions of THz gain. A future study will generalize the present formalism to include Coulomb effects.
Additional file 1 of GCSscore: an R package for differential gene expression analysis in Affymetrix/Thermo-Fisher whole transcriptome microarrays
Creators: name: Harris, Guy M.
name: Shahroze Abbas
name: Miles, Michael F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1: Example of batch.csv file structure used for batch input into GCSscore package. Figure S1: Workflow diagram for GCS-score algorithm. Figure S2: Example of typical GCS-score histogram. This histogram was derived from an an exon-level (PSRid/JUCid) analysis of two MTA 1.0 CEL files. Figure S3: Functional pathway enrichment for GCS-score results for GEO dataset: GSE76700. Top 20 pathways returned from IPA.
title: Ingwer :
title: Richtlinien für die Durchführung der Prüfung auf Unterscheidbarkeit, Homogenität und Beständigkeit.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,
Year: 0
Subjects: Group identity.
New Varieties of Plants
Ginger

description: Zweck dieser Richtlinien („Prüfungsrichtlinien“) ist es, die in der Allgemeinen Einführung (Dokument TG/1/3) und deren verbundenen TGP-Dokumenten enthaltenen Grundsätze in detaillierte praktische Anleitung für die harmonisierte Prüfung der Unterscheidbarkeit, der Homogenität und der Beständigkeit (DUS) umzusetzen und insbesondere geeignete Merkmale für die DUS-Prüfung und die Erstellung harmonisierter Sortenbeschreibungen auszuweisen.
title: Pooled and Individual Bycatch Quotas: Exploring Tradeoffs Between Observer Coverage Levels, Bycatch Frequency, Pool Size, and the Precision of Bycatch Estimates
Creators: name: Jensen, Landon S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2000

description: The North Pacific Ocean is highly productive, hosting many of the world's largest groundfish populations and supporting a thriving fishing industry. Numerous regulations have been implemented to control the incidental take of non-target bycatch. Individual and Pooled Bycatch Quotas have recently been proposed as instruments that could further encourage the avoidance of such bycatch and increase enforceability of bycatch caps at less-than-entire-fishery levels of operation. The recent advent of fishing cooperatives such as the Pacific Whiting Conservation Cooperative and the Pollock Conservation Cooperatives create an additional impetus for examining the characteristics of pool and vessel specific bycatch quotas.
We have constructed an object-oriented, hierarchical simulation that allows us to aggregate hauls of individual fish, up to single vessels, vessel pools, fleets (pools of vessel pools), and the entire fishery. This simulator is written in the object-oriented programming language, Java. It provides the flexibility to examine various sampling techniques and strategies and allows us to follow the precision of incidental catch estimates at various levels of operation. In particular, we examine the tradeoffs between the precision of bycatch estimates and consider management costs as observer coverage and pool size are varied.
Study of the $f_2(1270)$, $f_2'(1525)$, $f_0(1370)$ and $f_0(1710)$ in the $J/ψ$ radiative decays
Creators: name: Geng, L. S.
name: Guo, F. K.
name: Hanhart, C.
name: Molina, R.
name: Oset, E.
name: Zou, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present an approach to study the radiative decay modes of the $J/ψ$ into a photon and one of the tensor mesons $f_2(1270)$, $f'_2(1525)$, as well as the scalar ones $f_0(1370)$ and $f_0(1710)$. Especially we compare predictions that emerge from a scheme where the states appear dynamically in the solution of vector meson--vector meson scattering amplitudes to those from a (admittedly naive) quark model. We provide evidence that it might be possible to distinguish amongst the two scenarios, once improved data are available.
description: The large Nc argument improved; version published in EPJA.
What actually happens when you approach a gravitational singularity?
Creators: name: Scott, Susan M.
name: Whale, Ben E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C75 (Primary), 83C57 (Secondary)

description: Roger Penrose's 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics recognises that his identification of the concepts of "gravitational singularity" and an "incomplete, inextendible, null geodesic" is physically very important. The existence of an incomplete, inextendible, null geodesic doesn't say much, however, if anything, about curvature divergence, nor is it a helpful definition for performing actual calculations. Physicists have long sought for a coordinate independent method of defining where a singularity is located, given an incomplete, inextendible, null geodesic, that also allows for standard analytic techniques to be implemented. In this essay we present a solution to this issue. It is now possible to give a concrete relationship between an incomplete, inextendible, null geodesic and a gravitational singularity, and to study any possible curvature divergence using standard techniques.
description: This essay received an Honorable Mention in the 2021 Essay Competition of the Gravity Research Foundation (see https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5852e579be659442a01f27b8/t/609d66c823a9a352bc3b24c3/1620928201758/2021-GRF-Abstracts.pdf). Keywords: Singularity, completion, boundary, endpoint theorem, coordinates, singularity theorem, curvature, Kerr, Boyer-Lindquist, black hole
The supermassive black hole of Fornax A
Creators: name: Nowak, N.
name: Saglia, R. P.
name: Thomas, J.
name: Bender, R.
name: Davies, R. I.
name: Gebhardt, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radio galaxy Fornax A (NGC 1316) is a prominent merger remnant in the outskirts of the Fornax cluster. Its giant radio lobes suggest the presence of a powerful AGN and thus a central supermassive black hole (SMBH). We present high-resolution adaptive optics assisted integral-field data of Fornax A, taken with SINFONI at the Very Large Telescope in the K band. We use axisymmetric orbit models to determine the mass of the SMBH in the centre of Fornax A. The three-dimensional nature of our data provides the possibility to directly test the consistency of the data with axisymmetry by modelling each of the four quadrants separately. According to our dynamical models, consistent SMBH masses and dynamical Ks band mass-to-light ratios are obtained for all quadrants, with =1.3x10^8 M_\odot (rms(M_BH)=0.4x10^8 Msun) and =0.68 (rms(M/L)=0.03), confirming the assumption of axisymmetry. For the folded and averaged data we find M_BH=(1.5+0.75-0.8)x10^8 Msun and M/L=(0.65+0.075-0.05) (3-sigma errors). Thus the black-hole mass of Fornax A is consistent within the error with the Tremaine (2002) M-sigma relation, but is a factor ~4 smaller than expected from its bulge mass and the Marconi&Hunt (2003) relation.
description: 24 pages, 24 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Association of maternal BMI during early pregnancy with infant anemia: a large Chinese birth cohort
Creators: name: Yin, Shaohua
name: Zhou, Yubo
name: Li, Hongtian
name: Cheng, Zhihao
name: Zhang, Yali
name: Zhang, Le
name: Liu, Jufen
name: Liu, Jianmeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2 Table S1. Adjusted ORs (95% CI) of infant anemia, stratified by maternal anemia during mid-pregnancy. Table S2. Crude and adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 6-month old infant anemia, using cutoffs for western population. Table S3. Crude and adjusted ORs (95% CI) of infant anemia for maternal BMI during early pregnancy categorized by deciles. Table S4. Adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 6-month old infant anemia, stratified by supplementation type.
title: Development of a Discrete Mathematics Textbook and Guide for High School Teachers
Creators: name: Stokes, Rebecca A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2010

description: This project was to create the beginnings a textbook for teacher's to supplement instruction of a discrete mathematics course at the high school level. The development of the text was guided by past and current efforts to place discrete mathematics in high school curriculum. A review of the literature and experiences of instructors were viewed and analyzed to guide the construction of the textbook. The text was written with the goal to give teachers information about the topics of discrete mathematics, extra resources, lesson ideas , and optional worksheets for students. Several lessons were created and one was implemented in a high school in Utah; the opinions of the students and teacher who participated were recorded and analyzed.
Critical points in the $CP^{N-1}$ model
Creators: name: Diouane, Youness
name: Lamsen, Noel
name: Delfino, Gesualdo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use scale invariant scattering theory to obtain the exact equations determining the renormalization group fixed points of the two-dimensional $CP^{N-1}$ model, for $N$ real. Also due to special degeneracies at $N=2$ and 3, the space of solutions for $N\geq 2$ reduces to that of the $O(N^2-1)$ model, and accounts for a zero temperature critical point. For $N<2$ the space of solutions becomes larger than that of the $O(N^2-1)$ model, with the appearance of new branches of fixed points relevant for criticality in gases of intersecting loops.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables
title: Texas in the Southwestern Fur Trade, 1718-1840.
Creators: name: Badger, J. Ryan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2018

description: Much has been written about the North American trade dealing in beaver and otter pelts. The drive to acquire valuable hides drove the early colonial economy and served as one of the industries which pushed Americans to expand their national reach beyond the Rocky Mountains, the British, Scots, and Russians to move southward from Canada and Alaska, and the Spanish to assert their claim to the North. Admittedly, the Spanish were latecomers to the fur trade and often lacked the population and practical experience to pursue trapping as a nationalized industry, however, the portion of North America they laid claim to boasted far greater riches in fine furs than in the mineral resources typically sought after by Spanish. One region often dismissed by historians as being rich in fine furs is Texas, excluded from fur trade studies due to a perceived inhospitable climate for the animals, language barriers, and limited documentation. Nevertheless, evidence from Mexican inspectors and American travelers making their accounts of life in Texas, particularly between 1821 and 1836, show that the fur trade was a vibrant and as much of a dynamic industry in this frontier region as it was throughout any other part of the Southwest.
This paper will provide an opening perspective to the fur trade in Texas as a part of the larger Southwestern history, seating Mexican Texas into the same regional context as the rest of the Southwest to contextualize this part of the fur trade as an international industry and illustrate the nuances that occurred particularly in the Texas trade. The region proves impossible to limit its context to either “wilderness” or “settled;” moreover, the trade that took place was not limited to American Mountain Men, but was seen as a lucrative endeavor by most immigrants. Texas’ fur trade was a combination of the old American Factory System, the realm of the more widely considered “Free Trappers,” a method for African American slaves to acquire the funds necessary to purchase their own freedom and dispossessed Native Americans to thrive in their new home.
Efficient Toffoli Gates Using Qudits
Creators: name: Ralph, T. C.
name: Resch, K. J.
name: Gilchrist, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simplest decomposition of a Toffoli gate acting on three qubits requires {\em five} 2-qubit gates. If we restrict ourselves to controlled-sign (or controlled-NOT) gates this number climbs to six. We show that the number of controlled-sign gates required to implement a Toffoli gate can be reduced to just {\em three} if one of the three quantum systems has a third state that is accessible during the computation, i.e. is actually a qutrit. Such a requirement is not unreasonable or even atypical since we often artificially enforce a qubit structure on multilevel quantums systems (eg. atoms, photonic polarization and spatial modes). We explore the implementation of these techniques in optical quantum processing and show that linear optical circuits could operate with much higher probabilities of success.
title: A Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study of the Effects of Helium Bubbles on the Thermal Conductivity of ZrC
Creators: name: Shorthill, Tate
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2018

description: Zirconium carbide (ZrC) has been proposed as a potential improvement to nuclear fuel cladding. As such, it is important to characterize its physical properties, particularly those relating to thermal energy transport. Reactor conditions are known to damage fuel microstructure over time. While research has been conducted on undamaged and damaged ZrC, some areas of interest remain. Fission products, such as helium, can accumulate in pores within the fuel microstructure. Such a case has yet to be characterized in ZrC fuel cladding.
A non-equilibrium molecular dynamics model was developed to characterize the thermal properties of ZrC. Fourier’s Law allows the thermal conductivity of ZrC to be determined based on the relationship between heat flux and temperature gradient. The thermal conductivity of an undamaged ZrC lattice is compared to the thermal conductivity of a damaged lattice. The values of thermal conductivity demonstrating the impact of damage from pores and helium-filled pores are reported.
Additional file 1 of Virtual reality as a teaching method for resuscitation training in undergraduate first year medical students: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Issleib, Malte
name: Kromer, Alina
name: Pinnschmidt, Hans O.
name: Süss-Havemann, Christoph
name: Kubitz, Jens C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. CSA-Questionaire.
title: Simulation Study of Estimation and Inference in Factor Analysis: Normal and Non-normal Noise Distributions
Creators: name: Zhang, Ping
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2005

description: Objective: To study the estimation and inference m factor analyses when the data have normal or non-normal noise distributions.
Methods: Population data were created in package R with a specified number of factors, factor structure and observable variables with known loadings. Then, repeated simple random samples (SRS's) were taken from the population, independently. The maximum likelihood method with varimax rotation was used to perform factor analysis and inference on each sampled dataset. Factor loadings were estimated to determine if the estimation of the loadings was (approximately) unbiased and/or efficient for each specified population and chi-square x2-statistics were obtained to test hypotheses about the correct number of factors in simulated settings where the true number of factors was known. In this project, the number of true factors varied between l and 2, the number of observed variables was 6 for l factor and 3 each for 2 factors, and non-normal noise distributions were used to create actual observations. These non-normal distributions included: exponential, lognormal, gamma, poison, and discrete uniform. Different loading matrices were tried in combination with different standard deviation values for each noise distribution in three types of factor models and two sample sizes, 25 and 100.
Results and Conclusions: For the larger sample size of n=lOO, with standard normal factor populations, and normal errors added to each variable, the performance of the standard MLE estimation of factor loadings varied with decreasing standard deviation of the noise distribution, from underestimated to overestimated on average, but the chi-square tests gave expected results, in terms of false rejection (Type I Error) rate or power of the model, using 1000 replications. For normal common factors, but non-normal noise added to observed variables, the robustness of the loading estimation was excellent for all the noise distributions tried, and overall, the robustness of the chi-square tests was remarkable except that the Type I Error rates were greater than 100 out of 1000 (10%) in the I-factor model with one true factor for the Gamma noise distribution when the standard deviation was small.
When the sample size was decreased from 100 to 25, the estimation of the loadings became less accurate (larger estimated standard errors and greater bias), especially with larger values of the standard deviation of the noise distribution. The endurance of the estimated power function was, in some cases, poor when one factor models were fitted in simulations from populations with two true common factors. However, Type I error rates were not greatly impacted whenever the correct number of factors were fitted in the models. The same conclusions held for a normal population to which was added either normal or non-normal noise, and also for the discrete uniform population with discrete uniform noise.
Factorization effects in a model of unstable particles
Creators: name: Kuksa, V. I.
name: Volchanskiy, N. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of factorization are considered within the framework of the model of unstable particles with a smeared mass. It is shown that two-particle cross section and three-particle decay width can be described by the universal factorized formulae for an unstable particles of an arbitrary spin in an intermediate state. The exact factorization is caused by the specific structure of the model unstable-particle propagators. This result is generalized to complicated scattering and decay-chain processes with unstable particles in intermediate states. We analyze applicability of the method and evaluate its accuracy.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Apports d’une équipe dédiée au pilotage des événements indésirables en agence régionale de santé
Creators: name: Beaurain, Marie
name: Marie-Agnès Lépine
name: Rongier, Alexandre
name: Tifour, Zohra
name: Breysse, Céline
Publisher: name: Health & Co
Year: 2024
Subjects: Événement indésirable
Sécurité des soins
Gestion du risque
ARS

description: Afin de renforcer le pilotage du dispositif de gestion des événements indésirables, une délégation dédiée a été mise en place en juin 2022 au sein de l’agence régionale de santé Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ARS-ARA) notamment pour coordonner et harmoniser les actions des douze délégations départementales. L’objectif de ce travail est de décrire cette organisation, de déterminer ses principaux avantages et d’identifier les axes d’amélioration. La délégation aux événements indésirables coordonne la gestion des événements indésirables via des missions de pilotage, de gestion des événements indésirables en général, et en particulier de ceux identifiés comme critiques, d’appui pour l’accompagnement des agents en délégation départementale et de promotion du signalement auprès des établissements sanitaires et médico-sociaux. La délégation aux événements indésirables a su trouver sa place pour apporter une valeur ajoutée au traitement des événements indésirables. L’ARS-ARA s’est dotée d’une équipe dédiée qui dispose de compétences internes adaptées pour statuer sur les conclusions à tirer de l’analyse d’un événement indésirable notamment lorsque la criticité de la situation nécessite une intervention de l’autorité sanitaire.
title: Wavelet Factorization via a Homogenization Analogy for Solutions of Linear Systems
Creators: name: Sickle, Andrea Van
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2005

description: A system of linear equations can be solved using a factorization method that produces a wavelet structure and is akin to a homogenization process used in determining the solution of differential equations. The method is dependant on the particular structure of Hadamard matrices and their implementation in a similarity transform. This paper details the development of such a method for systems of size 2n x 2n, including establishing the theoretical underpinnings necessary to define an orthogonal transform. Also, we present the development of an algorithm to implement the method for a simple 2 x 2 system, which will then be the basic building block for developing algorithms to solve higher-ordered systems.
An Infrared High Proper Motion Survey Using 2MASS and SDSS: Discovery of M, L and T Dwarfs
Creators: name: Sheppard, Scott S.
name: Cushing, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search of the Two Micron All Sky Survey and Sloan Digital Sky Survey reveals 36 previously unknown high proper motion objects with J<17. Their red-optical colors indicate that 27 are M dwarfs, 8 are early-type L dwarfs, and 1 is a late-type T dwarf. The L dwarfs have J-Ks colors near the extrema of known L dwarfs indicating that previous surveys for L dwarfs using color as a selection criterion may be biased. Followup near-infrared spectroscopy of 6 dwarfs confirm they are all late-type with spectral types ranging from M8 to T4. Spectroscopy also shows that some of the L dwarf spectra exhibit peculiar features similar to other peculiar "blue" L dwarfs which may indicate that these dwarfs have a relatively condensate free atmosphere or may be metal poor. Photometric distance estimates indicate that 22 of the new M, L and T dwarfs lie within 100 pc of the Sun with the newly discovered T dwarf, 2MASS J10595185+3042059, located at about 25 pc. Based on the colors and proper motions of the newly identified objects, several appear to be good subdwarf candidates. The proper motions of known ultracool dwarfs detected in our survey were also measured, including, for the first time, SDSS J085834.42+325627.6 (T1), SDSS J125011.65+392553.9 (T4) and 2MASS J15261405+2043414 (L7).
description: 14 pages, 7 tables, 9 figures: Accepted for the January 2009 AJ issue
title: Decomposing Vector Space Representations of the Lie Algebras s[2C and s[2R
Creators: name: Gleason, Brian W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: It is known that any finite-dimensional representation of a semi-simple Lie algebra is decomposable into a direct sum of irreducible representations. Here we prove some theoretical results that allow us to construct an efficient algorithm for computing such a decomposition for representations of s[2C and s[2R. We then implement this algorithm in a procedure for the computer algebra system Maple that will quickly and easily perform the decomposition. We also give several examples of this decomposition performed by the procedure in order to illustrate its advantages over calculations done ‘by hand'.
title: Black-Scholes and Extended Black-Scholes Models: A Comparative Statistical Analysis
Creators: name: Bush, Bradley Thomas
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: Much research has been done on options pricing. Black and Scholes [12] set the benchmark in 1973 with their model for arbitrage-free, risk-neutral options valuation. Arbitrage-free refers to a market environment where prices are such that trading opportunities with no risk do not exist and risk-neutral commodities earn a risk free interest rate. Since then the literature has seen a multitude of models improving the fit of the traditional Black -Scholes (BS) model. A brief overview of options and these models is given. A derivation and discussion of BS is followed by a derivation and discussion of the Extended Black-Scholes (EBS) model by Modisett and Powell [39] which augments BS with the addition of a small drift parameter. A solution to both BS and EBS is the n given. A bootstrap method is used to test whether EBS is a significant improvement over BS using S&P500 options data. It is concluded that not only does EBS significantly improve BS for the given data, but that EBS is arguably the most parsimonious model choice for such an improvement. This suggests that mark et price setters who are presumably using BS maybe doing something in addition to BS which is equivalent to fitting a drift parameter.
Additional file 2 of Virtual reality as a teaching method for resuscitation training in undergraduate first year medical students: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Issleib, Malte
name: Kromer, Alina
name: Pinnschmidt, Hans O.
name: Süss-Havemann, Christoph
name: Kubitz, Jens C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. System usability scale for VR-Soft-and Hardware.
title: Mathematically Modeling PCR: An Asymptotic Approximation with Potential for Optimization
Creators: name: Garlick, Martha J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: A mathematical model for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is developed using the law of mass action. Differential equations are written from the chemical equations, preserving the detail of the complementary DNA single strand being extended one bas e pair at a time. The equations for the annealing stage are solved analytically. The method of multiple scales is used to approximate solutions for the extension stage. A map is then developed from the solutions to simulate PCR. The advantage of this model is the ability to use the map to optimize the process. Our results suggest that dynamically optimizing the extension and annealing stages may significantly reduce the total time for a PCR run.
Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Kawaguchi, Yuki
name: Ueda, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overview on the physics of spinor and dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is given. Mean-field ground states, Bogoliubov spectra, and many-body ground and excited states of spinor BECs are discussed. Properties of spin-polarized dipolar BECs and those of spinor-dipolar BECs are reviewed. Some of the unique features of the vortices in spinor BECs such as fractional vortices and non-Abelian vortices are delineated. The symmetry of the order parameter is classified using group theory, and various topological excitations are investigated based on homotopy theory. Some of the more recent developments in a spinor BEC are discussed.
description: To appear in Physics Reports. The PDF file with high resolution figures is available from the following website: http://cat.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/publication/review_of_spinorBEC.pdf
Additional file 3 of Virtual reality as a teaching method for resuscitation training in undergraduate first year medical students: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Issleib, Malte
name: Kromer, Alina
name: Pinnschmidt, Hans O.
name: Süss-Havemann, Christoph
name: Kubitz, Jens C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. System Usability Scale Results (shortened version).
title: SAS Macro for Hierarchical Dependence in Meta Analysis
Creators: name: Maw, Matthew Wayne
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: This project implemented a simple and useful SAS (Statistical Analysis Software) macro for meta-analysis. The macro was specifically designed for hierarchically dependent meta-analysis but may also be used for independent meta-analysis. Two data files are necessary for this macro. One data file contains the study names, control and treatment group sizes with corresponding means and standard errors, covariates to be tested, an indicator variable noting hierarchically dependent study groups, and a variable providing the degrees of freedom for interdependent studies. The second file contains a variance/covariance matrix for the studies. The macro returns useful information such as study estimates and standard errors, covariate estimates and standard errors, z-scores and p-values as well as a variance/covariance matrix for the covariate estimates. The macro also produces a ladder plot of study estimates including the final effect size estimate and, for hierarchically dependent meta-analysis, four plots showing the convergence of σ2 and ς, the parameters reflecting hierarchical dependence.
title: Finite Element Studies in Metal Cutting
Creators: name: Ahmed, Suhail
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2003

description: AdvantEdge is a finite element software package that integrates advanced dynamics, thermo-mechanically coupled finite element numerics and material modelling appropriate for machining processes. AdvantEdge allows users to specify the workpiece material, tool geometry and cutting conditions. It then provides accurate estimates of thermo-mechanical properties of machining processes such as cutting forces, chip morphology, machined surface residual stresses and temperature behavior of the tool and the workpiece. We will use AdvantEclge to investigate two areas of interest in metal cutting: process clamping via crushing of workpiece material and drilling of metal stacks.
A unified description of classical and quantal scattering
Creators: name: Turner, Ralph Eric
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A unified description of classical and quantal scattering is presented. This description is unified both in the mathematical language and in the conceptual pictures that are used. Statistical states and observables, represented in phase space, are emphasized while both the time dependent trajectory and stationary state beam pictures are used. Semiclassical-type approximation schemes to the generalized differential cross section are presented for the single and double potential cases. Connection is made with the Born and distorted wave Born approximations, for both quantum and classical mechanics. A similar semiclassical-type approximation scheme for the double potential internal state kinetic cross section is presented. Connection is also made with the 'constant acceleration approximation' of Oppenheim and Bloom. Zwanzig's projection operator method is used to express the kinetic cross sections in terms of memory effects for the interacting observables.
Additional file 1 of Physical accessibility of primary care facilities for people with disabilities: a cross-sectional survey in 31 countries
Creators: name: Groenewegen, Peter P.
name: Kroneman, Madelon
name: Spreeuwenberg, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Background information to the ‘Accessibility regulation index’.
Machine learning for modeling the progression of Alzheimer disease dementia using clinical data: a systematic literature review
Creators: name: Kumar, Sayantan
name: Oh, Inez
name: Schindler, Suzanne
name: Lai, Albert M
name: Payne, Philip R O
name: Gupta, Aditi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objective Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, a syndrome characterized by cognitive impairment severe enough to interfere with activities of daily life. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) of studies that applied machine learning (ML) methods to clinical data derived from electronic health records in order to model risk for progression of AD dementia. Materials and Methods: We searched for articles published between January 1, 2010, and May 31, 2020, in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, IEEE Explore Digital Library, Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library, and arXiv. We used predefined criteria to select relevant articles and summarized them according to key components of ML analysis such as data characteristics, computational algorithms, and research focus. Results: There has been a considerable rise over the past 5 years in the number of research papers using ML-based analysis for AD dementia modeling. We reviewed 64 relevant articles in our SLR. The results suggest that majority of existing research has focused on predicting progression of AD dementia using publicly available datasets containing both neuroimaging and clinical data (neurobehavioral status exam scores, patient demographics, neuroimaging data, and laboratory test values). Discussion: Identifying individuals at risk for progression of AD dementia could potentially help to personalize disease management to plan future care. Clinical data consisting of both structured data tables and clinical notes can be effectively used in ML-based approaches to model risk for AD dementia progression. Data sharing and reproducibility of results can enhance the impact, adaptation, and generalizability of this research.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables
Investigating the spectra and physical nature of galaxy scale jets
Creators: name: Webster, B.
name: Croston, J. H.
name: Harwood, J. J.
name: Baldi, R. D.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Mingo, B.
name: Rottgering, H. J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies have shown that physically small, low-luminosity radio galaxies, which we refer to as galaxy scale jets (GSJ), could potentially have a significant effect upon the host galaxy's evolution. Using 6 arcsec resolution images taken from the first release of the LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS DR1), we identified a representative sample of nine potential GSJ for which we obtained high-resolution, 2-4 GHz data using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). Using these data we aim to verify the GSJ nature of these sources as well as investigating the potential role of feedback. Our VLA images reveal a diversity of structures, confirm the hosts for four of the sources and find that a fifth is the first known example of a galaxy-scale remnant showing that some radio galaxies never grow beyond the GSJ stage. We also derive spectral ages and the first estimates of the lobe expansion speeds of GSJ. We find our GSJ have maximum spectral ages of 60 Myr with most between about 5 and 20 Myr, consistent with being located along an evolutionary path joining compact sources and larger radio galaxies. We find lobe advance speeds a few times the local sound speed, with most GSJ predicted to be driving strong shocks into their environment and having a significant impact upon the host's evolution. Our discovery of a remnant GSJ, which will eventually transfer all of its energy directly into the local environment, represents an important and previously hidden aspect of AGN life cycles.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, accepted by MNRAS
title: Computer Simulation and Homogenization in Heating Design Optimization
Creators: name: Balls, Daniel K.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2003

description: The ability to ensure uniformity of temperature within a given finite physical region is an essential element in the success of many scientific processes, especially those that involve extreme fluctuation in temperature. Such a process is performed in an instrument called the LightTyper developed by Idaho Technology, Inc. of Salt Lake City Utah. This paper details the development and results of a scheme intended to obtain a heating design that ensures a high degree of temperature uniformity within the Idaho Technology instrument. Due to the experiments performed during this project, we were able to answer many questions that concerned finding an optimal design for a two-dimensional cross-section of the LightTyper.
Distributionally Robust Segmentation of Abnormal Fetal Brain 3D MRI
Creators: name: Fidon, Lucas
name: Aertsen, Michael
name: Mufti, Nada
name: Deprest, Thomas
name: Emam, Doaa
name: Guffens, Frédéric
name: Schwartz, Ernst
name: Ebner, Michael
name: Prayer, Daniela
name: Kasprian, Gregor
name: David, Anna L.
name: Melbourne, Andrew
name: Ourselin, Sébastien
name: Deprest, Jan
name: Langs, Georg
name: Vercauteren, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The performance of deep neural networks typically increases with the number of training images. However, not all images have the same importance towards improved performance and robustness. In fetal brain MRI, abnormalities exacerbate the variability of the developing brain anatomy compared to non-pathological cases. A small number of abnormal cases, as is typically available in clinical datasets used for training, are unlikely to fairly represent the rich variability of abnormal developing brains. This leads machine learning systems trained by maximizing the average performance to be biased toward non-pathological cases. This problem was recently referred to as hidden stratification. To be suited for clinical use, automatic segmentation methods need to reliably achieve high-quality segmentation outcomes also for pathological cases. In this paper, we show that the state-of-the-art deep learning pipeline nnU-Net has difficulties to generalize to unseen abnormal cases. To mitigate this problem, we propose to train a deep neural network to minimize a percentile of the distribution of per-volume loss over the dataset. We show that this can be achieved by using Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO). DRO automatically reweights the training samples with lower performance, encouraging nnU-Net to perform more consistently on all cases. We validated our approach using a dataset of 368 fetal brain T2w MRIs, including 124 MRIs of open spina bifida cases and 51 MRIs of cases with other severe abnormalities of brain development.
description: Accepted at the MICCAI 2021 Perinatal, Preterm and Paediatric Image Analysis (PIPPI) workshop. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2001.02658
title: Teaching Probability Through Use of an Applet
Creators: name: Jackson, Melissa Gregory
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2009

description: The use of technology in the classroom is an ongoing debate by educators. Many teachers consider it to be a valuable teaching tool. Despite the many advantages, there are also drawbacks in using technology. A Java applet is a particular kind of multimedia technology proven to be useful in education. Because of students' struggles with learning basic probability in Statistics 1040, I have created a probability applet to reinforce the concept of probability. The applet was tested with two Statistics 1040 classes. The majority of students agreed that they learned more about probability from using the applet. Several of the students felt that learning using the applet was more enjoyable than learning out of a textbook. Corrections to the applet were made after suggestions from student evaluations. Overall, this applet seems to be a useful tool in teaching probability.
title: Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Modeling Species Distributions: Application to Stream Invertebrates from Western USA Reference Sites
Creators: name: Dubal, Margi
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2008

description: Machine learning algorithms are increasingly being used by ecologists to model and predict the distributions of individual species and entire assemblages of sites. Accurate prediction of distribution of species is an important factor in any modeling. We compared prediction accuracy of four machine learning algorithms-random forests, classification trees, support vector machines, and gradient boosting machines to a traditional method, linear discriminant models (LDM), on a large set of stream invertebrate data collected at 728 reference sites in the western United States. Classifications were constructed for individual species and for assemblages of sites clustered a priori by similarity on biological characteristics. Predictive accuracy of the classifications was evaluated by computing the percent of sites correctly classified, sensitivity, specificity, kappa, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve on 10-fold crossvalidated predictions from each classification method on each individual species and assemblage of sites. The predictions from each type of classification were used to estimate the Observed over Expected (O/E) index of taxa richness. Random Forests generally produced the most accurate individual species models . However, none of the machine learning algorithms showed significant improvement over LDMs for classifications of assemblages of sites and precision of the O/E index. The performance of Support Vector Machines was particularly poor for classifying individual species and assemblages of sites, and resulted in greater bias in the O/E index. We believe that the performance of models developed for species at such large spatial scales may depend more on the predictor variables available than the classification technique.