cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Progress in Anisotropic Plasma Physics
Creators: name: Romatschke, Paul
name: Strickland, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 1959 Weibel demonstrated that when a QED plasma has a temperature anisotropy there exist unstable transverse magnetic excitations which grow exponentially fast. In this paper we will review how to determine the growth rates for these unstable modes in the weak-coupling and ultrarelativistic limits in which the collective behavior is describable in terms are so-called "hard-loops". We will show that in this limit QCD is subject to instabilities which are analogous to the Weibel instability in QED. The presence of such instabilities dominates the early time evolution of a highly anisotropic plasma; however, at longer times it is expected that these instabilities will saturate (condense). I will discuss how the presence of non-linear interactions between the gluons complicates the determination of the saturated state. In order to discuss this I present the generalization of the Braaten-Pisarski isotropic hard-thermal-loop effective action to a system with a temperature anisotropy in the parton distribution functions. The resulting hard-loop effective action can be used to determine the time and energy scales associated with the possible saturation (condensation) of the gluonic modes. We will also discuss the effects of anisotropies on observables, in particular on the heavy quark energy loss.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; Combined contribution to proceedings of Strong and Electroweak Matter 2004 (SEWM 2004), Helsinki, Finland, 16-19 June 2004; v2: typos corrected; ISBN 981-256-135-8
Dynamic Informative Advertising of New Experience Goods
Creators: name: Saak, Alexander E.
name: Saak, Alexander E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Monopoly
subject: Advertising
subject: Experience Goods
subject: Learning
subject: Private Information

description: This paper analyzes the optimal advertising and price policies of a monopolist who sells a new experience good over time to a population of heterogeneous forward-looking buyers. We consider informative advertising that can complement or substitute for learning-by-purchasing, and show that the advertising intensity always peaks during the early stages when the price extracts surplus from the buyers who are yet to learn their valuation for the good. We also show that even though informative advertising may temporarily raise prices and slow down the learning process, an advertising ban can reduce welfare.
Additional file 1 of Physical activity and blood gene expression profiles: the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Post-genome cohort
Creators: name: Olsen, Karina Standahl
name: Lukic, Marko
name: Borch, Kristin Benjaminsen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Translation of the question on physical activity, as it appears in the NOWAC questionnaires.
Ultrafast valley polarization in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Kumar, Pardeep
name: Herath, Thakshila M.
name: Apalkov, Vadym
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically interaction of a bilayer graphene with a circularly polarized ultrafast optical pulse of a single oscillation at an oblique incidence. The normal component of the pulse breaks the inversion symmetry of the system and opens up a dynamical band-gap, due to which a valley-selective population of the conduction band becomes sensitive to the angle of incident of the pulse. We show that the magnitude of the valley polarization can be controlled by the angle of incidence, the amplitude, and the angle of in-plane polarization of the chiral optical pulse. Subsequently, a sequence of a circularly polarized pulse followed by a linearly polarized femtosecond-long pulse can be used to control the valley polarization created by the preceding pulse. Generally, the linearly polarized pulse depolarizes the system. The magnitude of such a depolarization depends on the amplitude, and the in-plane polarization angle of the linearly polarized pulse. Our protocol provides a favorable platform for applications in valleytronics.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.09732
The first conformal Dirac eigenvalue on 2-dimensional tori
Creators: name: Ammann, Bernd
name: Humbert, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53 A 30, 53C27 (Primary) 58 J 50 (Secondary)

description: Let M be a compact manifold with a spin structure χand a Riemannian metric g. Let λ_g^2 be the smallest eigenvalue of the square of the Dirac operator with respect to g and χ. The τ-invariant is defined as τ(M,χ):= sup inf \sqrt{λ_g^2} Vol(M,g)^{1/n} where the supremum runs over the set of all conformal classes on M, and where the infimum runs over all metrics in the given class. We show that τ(T^2,χ)=2\sqrtπ if χis ``the'' non-trivial spin structure on T^2. In order to calculate this invariant, we study the infimum as a function on the spin-conformal moduli space and we show that the infimum converges to 2\sqrtπ at one end of the spin-conformal moduli space.
description: published version (typos removed, bibliography updated)
The Effects of the Food Stamp Program on Energy Balance and Obesity
Creators: name: Parks, Joanna C.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Parks, Joanna C.
name: Smith, Aaron D.
name: Alston, Julian M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Food Stamp Program (FSP)
subject: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
subject: obesity
subject: body mass index (BMI)
subject: nutrition assistance

description: The Food Stamp Program (FSP) administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the cornerstone of the U.S. federal income and food safety net policy. The FSP has subsidized the food budget for millions of American households for over forty years, spending more than $60 billion per year in recent times. Prior research has demonstrated that women who participate in the FSP are more likely to be overweight or obese than eligible non-participants. This finding raises the concern that the additional income provided by FSP benefits induces participants to eat significantly more calories and gain weight, contributing to the U.S. obesity epidemic. Previous studies of the FSP have yielded mixed results. In this study we develop new conceptual and empirical models linking FSP participation, calorie consumption, physical activity, and weight gain, while controlling for genetic variation, weight history, and other physiological characteristics of individuals. The models enable us to test whether participants gained more weight, ate more calories, or engaged less in physical activity; or if previously omitted variables and individual health characteristics explain the higher prevalence of obesity among female FSP participants. We find a positive relationship between FSP participation and weight gain for a small subset of women. We do not find convincing evidence for the hypothesis that FSP participation causes obesity by increasing caloric consumption, decreasing physical activity, or some combination of the two. Our findings suggest that a positive association between FSP and weight exists, but we find no evidence of a direct causal link from one to the other. The association between weight and FSP likely results from confounding factors that make individuals more likely both to gain weight and to participate in the FSP.
Additional file 1 of Is distance associated with tuberculosis treatment outcomes? A retrospective cohort study in Kampala, Uganda
Creators: name: Robsky, Katherine O.
name: Hughes, Seamus
name: Kityamuwesi, Alex
name: Kendall, Emily A.
name: Kitonsa, Peter James
name: Dowdy, David W.
name: Achilles Katamba
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental Results.
title: An Efficient Implementation of a Runtime for Constraint-Logic Object-Oriented Programming
Creators: name: Winkelmann, Hendrik
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 004 Computer science
subject: 330 Economics

description: 1 Introduction ..... 5
1.1 An Exemplary Program ..... 5
1.2 Scope of This Technical Report ..... 6
2 Related Work ..... 7
3 Overview of Mulib ..... 10
3.1 Using Mulib as an Implementation of Muli ..... 10
3.2 Search Regions in Mulib ..... 11
3.3 Executing Search Regions and Extracting Solutions in ..... 11
3.4 Overall Workflow ..... 14
3.5 Architecture of Mulib ..... 16
3.6 Differences to Muli_sjvm ..... 17
4 Search Region Representations ..... 19
4.1 Primitives ..... 20
4.1.1 Expressions ..... 20
4.1.2 Constraints ..... 20
4.2 Search Region Representation for Objects ..... 22
4.2.1 User-Defined Classes and Inte ..... 22
4.2.2 Partner Class Object Constraints ..... 23
4.3 Differences to Muli_sjvm ..... 25
5 Program Transformation ..... 27
5.1 An Exemplary Transformation ..... 27
5.2 Transformation Loop ..... 28
5.3 Class Transformations ..... 29
5.4 Method Transformations ..... 31
5.4.1 Taint Analysis ..... 32
5.4.2 Replacement of Bytecode Instru ..... 35
5.4.3 Indicator Methods ..... 40
5.5 Additions to Partner Classes ..... 42
5.6 Special Considerations for Arrays ..... 43
5.7 Special Considerations for Class Initializers and Static ..... 43
5.8 Differences to Muli_sjvm ..... 44
6 Search ..... 46
6.1 Search ..... 46
6.2 Preparing an Execution ..... 46
6.3 Symbolic Execution ..... 49
6.4 Choice Points ..... 50
6.5 Symbolic Values and Calculations ..... 51
6.6 Search Strategies and Budgets ..... 52
6.7 Differences to Muli_sjvm ..... 54
7 Solving ..... 56
7.1 Architecture ..... 56
7.2 Offered Solvers ..... 57
7.2.1 Z3IncrementalSolverManager ..... 57
7.2.2 Z3GlobalLearningSolverManager ..... 58
7.2.3 JavaSMTSolverManager ..... 58
7.3 Retrieving Multiple Solutions From a Singl ..... 59
7.4 Differences to Mulisjvm ..... 60
8 Further Notes ..... 61
8.1 Concolic Execution ..... 61
8.2 Configurability ..... 61
8.2.1 Solver Configuration ..... 62
8.2.2 Search Configuration ..... 62
8.2.3 Budgets Configuration ..... 62
8.2.4 Array Behavior Configuration ..... 63
8.2.5 Value Domain Configuration ..... 63
8.2.6 Transformation Configuration ..... 63
9 Future Work ..... 65
9.1 Free Enums ..... 65
9.2 Free Strings ..... 65
9.3 Free Objects ..... 65
9.4 Folding Instructions Initializing Potentially Symbolic Booleans ..... 66
10 Conclusion ..... 70
Equivalence of the four versions of Tsallis statistics
Creators: name: Ferri, G. L.
name: Martinez, S.
name: Plastino, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spite of its undeniable success, there are still open questions regarding Tsallis non-extensive statistical formalism, whose founding stone was laid in 1988 in JSTAT. Some of them are concerned with the so-called normalization problem of just how to evaluate expectation values. The Jaynes MaxEnt approach for deriving statistical mechanics is based on the adoption of (1) a specific entropic functional form S and (2) physically appropriate constraints. The literature on non-extensive thermostatistics has considered, in its historical evolution, four possible choices for the evaluation of expectation values: (i) 1988 Tsallis-original (TO), (ii) Curado-Tsallis (CT), (iii) Tsallis-Mendes- Plastino (TMP), and (iv) the same as (iii), but using centered operators as constraints (OLM). The 1988 was promptly abandoned and replaced, mostly with versions ii) and iii). We will here (a) show that the 1988 is as good as any of the others, (b) demonstrate that the four cases can be easily derived from just one (any) of them, i.e., the probability distribution function in each of these four instances may be evaluated with a unique formula, and (c) numerically analyze some consequences that emerge from these four choices.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Correspondence principle for many-body scars in ultracold Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: Turner, Christopher J.
name: Desaules, Jean-Yves
name: Bull, Kieran
name: Papić, Zlatko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of quantum scarring -- a remarkable violation of quantum unique ergodicity -- rests on two complementary pillars: the existence of unstable classical periodic orbits and the so-called quasimodes, i.e., the non-ergodic states that strongly overlap with a small number of the system's eigenstates. Recently, interest in quantum scars has been revived in a many-body setting of Rydberg atom chains. While previous theoretical works have identified periodic orbits for such systems using time-dependent variational principle (TDVP), the link between periodic orbits and quasimodes has been missing. Here we provide a conceptually simple analytic construction of quasimodes for the non-integrable Rydberg atom model, and prove that they arise from a "requantisation" of previously established periodic orbits when quantum fluctuations are restored to all orders. Our results shed light on the TDVP classical system simultaneously playing the role of both the mean-field approximation and the system's classical limit, thus allowing us to firm up the analogy between the eigenstate scarring in the Rydberg atom chains and the single-particle quantum systems.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication
Numerical investigations of discrete scale invariance in fractals and multifractal measures
Creators: name: Zhou, W. -X.
name: Sornette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fractals and multifractals and their associated scaling laws provide a quantification of the complexity of a variety of scale invariant complex systems. Here, we focus on lattice multifractals which exhibit complex exponents associated with observable log-periodicity. We perform detailed numerical analyses of lattice multifractals and explain the origin of three different scaling regions found in the moments. A novel numerical approach is proposed to extract the log-frequencies. In the non-lattice case, there is no visible log-periodicity, {\em{i.e.}}, no preferred scaling ratio since the set of complex exponents spread irregularly within the complex plane. A non-lattice multifractal can be approximated by a sequence of lattice multifractals so that the sets of complex exponents of the lattice sequence converge to the set of complex exponents of the non-lattice one. An algorithm for the construction of the lattice sequence is proposed explicitly.
description: 31 Elsart pages including 12 eps figures
Mutagenesis investigation of the molecular determinants of collagen triple helicase activity in neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8)
Creators: name: Pelman, Gayle R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Collagen is a triple helical macromolecule that is one of the most complex proteins of the extracellular matrix and one of the most difficult to cleave and degrade. The physiological turnover of collagen is important for growth and repair, with abnormal breakdown of collagen contributing to numerous pathological conditions including arthritis and tumour metastasis. The mechanism of. collagenase activity has been studied extensively through the use of chimeric proteins and more recently through site-directed mutagenesis of specific residues thought to play key roles. Despite these efforts, the mechanism of collagenase cleavage of collagen remains unresolved. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are thought to cleave all extracellular matrix proteins as well as bioactive molecules. Though the collagen triple helix is resistant to most proteases, a number of MMPs display collagenase activity. Neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8) degrades collagen types I, II and III, the major collagen components of bone, tendon, and cartilage, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatic disease. We have chosen to systematically alter a range of residues in the S₃' substrate specificity subsite of MMP-8 by site-directed mutagenesis. The aims of this project are to decipher which S₃' residues are involved in the catalytic function of the enzyme and to resolve any specific molecular determinants for collagen catalysis. Assays of synthetic peptide substrate and native type I collagen cleavage were used to measure the activity of mutant proteins in comparison to wildtype MMP-8 control. Results indicate a specific role for Tyr¹⁸⁹ in type I collagen cleavage. While the Tyr¹⁸⁹Ala mutant was catalytically competent and retained 88% of wildtype synthetic peptide activity, its specificity for type I collagen dropped to one-third of that of wildtype. Mutations of Asn¹⁸⁸ affected both the catalytic and collagenolytic activity of MMP-8. Our findings support the importance of the S₃' residues in the general catalytic competency of MMP-8 as well as its specificity for native type I collagen.
The Gauge/Gravity Correspondence for Non-Supersymmetric Theories
Creators: name: Di Vecchia, P.
name: Liccardo, A.
name: Marotta, R.
name: Pezzella, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the string construction of the ``orientifold field theories'' and we show that for these theories the gauge/gravity correspondence is only valid for a large number of colours.
description: 7 pages, Latex, Talk given at 37. International Symposium Ahrenshoop, Berlin, August 2004. Added references and acknowledgements; corrected typos
Bulk and wetting phenomena in a colloidal mixture of hard spheres and platelets
Creators: name: Harnau, L.
name: Dietrich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Density functional theory is used to study binary colloidal fluids consisting of hard spheres and thin platelets in their bulk and near a planar hard wall. This system exhibits liquid-liquid coexistence of a phase that is rich in spheres (poor in platelets) and a phase that is poor in spheres (rich in platelets). For the mixture near a planar hard wall, we find that the phase rich in spheres wets the wall completely upon approaching the liquid demixing binodal from the sphere-poor phase, provided the concentration of the platelets is smaller than a threshold value which marks a first-order wetting transition at coexistence. No layering transitions are found in contrast to recent studies on binary mixtures of spheres and non-adsorbing polymers or thin hard rods.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 5 of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) prevalence in field-collected ticks (Ixodes ricinus) and phylogenetic, structural and virulence analysis in a TBE high-risk endemic area in southwestern Germany
Creators: name: Ott, Daniela
name: Ulrich, Kristina
name: Ginsbach, Philip
name: Öhme, Rainer
name: Oswinde Bock-Hensley
name: Falk, Ulrich
name: Teinert, Martina
name: Lenhard, Thorsten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Table S2. Biochemical properties of pE mutations detected in OWH TBEV isolates.
Additional file 1 of “You can be blind because of loving them so much”: the impact on owners in the United Kingdom of living with a dog with osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Belshaw, Zoe
name: Dean, Rachel
name: Asher, Lucy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary Data 1. Table describing dogs discussed during the interviews as recalled by their owners. Detailed table describing: age; breed; sex; age at diagnosis; comorbidities; limb(s) affected; joint(s) affected; diagnostic tests performed; and treatments trialled of dogs included in the study as described by their owners. Supplementary Data 2. Table summarising the interview participants’ coverage of the sampling frame. Enumerated summary of the participant and household data of interviewees related to the purposive sampling frame constructed. Supplementary Data 3. Purposive sampling frame used to recruit dog owners to the study. Complete purposive sampling frame used to recruit owners for the study. Supplementary Data 4. Interview guide used during semi-structured interviews. Complete interview guide used to collect data presented in this study.
title: Zur Relation von Intersektionalitäts- und Inklusionsforschung in der Erziehungswissenschaft
Creators: name: Budde, Jürgen
name: Blasse, Nina
name: Rißler, Georg
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Exklusion
subject: Gegenstandskonstitution
subject: Inklusion
subject: Intersektionalität
subject: Ungleichheit
subject: ddc:370

description: Inklusion wie Intersektionalität sind Konzepte, die sich in der Erziehungswissenschaft großer Beliebtheit erfreuen, ermöglichen sie es doch, den Blick auf komplexe soziale Phänomene zu richten. Folgt man dem Vorschlag von einem ‚weiten‘, sozialwissenschaftlich informierten Verständnis von Inklusion, dann bietet es sich auf den ersten Blick an, die Gemeinsamkeiten beider Konzepte in den Blick zu nehmen. Beide Konzepte interessieren sich für das Zusammenspiel von sozialen Differenzkategorien mit Blick auf soziale Ungleichheit. Beide betonen den sozialen Konstruktionscharakter von Differenz. Gleichwohl scheinen einige eigentümliche Anschlussprobleme zu existieren, die den Gegenstand des Beitrags bilden.
Gemini Spectroscopy of Supernovae from SNLS: Improving High Redshift SN Selection and Classification
Creators: name: Howell, D. A.
name: Sullivan, M.
name: Perrett, K.
name: Bronder, T. J.
name: Hook, I. M.
name: Astier, P.
name: Aubourg, E.
name: Balam, D.
name: Basa, S.
name: Carlberg, R. G.
name: Fabbro, S.
name: Fouchez, D.
name: Guy, J.
name: Lafoux, H.
name: Neill, J. D.
name: Pain, R.
name: Palanque-Delabrouille, N.
name: Pritchet, C. J.
name: Regnault, N.
name: Rich, J.
name: Taillet, R.
name: Knop, R.
name: McMahon, R. G.
name: Perlmutter, S.
name: Walton, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new techiques for improving the efficiency of supernova (SN) classification at high redshift using 64 candidates observed at Gemini North and South during the first year of the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS). The SNLS is an ongoing five year project with the goal of measuring the equation of state of Dark Energy by discovering and following over 700 high-redshift SNe Ia using data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey. We achieve an improvement in the SN Ia spectroscopic confirmation rate: at Gemini 71% of candidates are now confirmed as SNe Ia, compared to 54% using the methods of previous surveys. This is despite the comparatively high redshift of this sample, where the median SN Ia redshift is z=0.81 (0.155 <= z <= 1.01). These improvements were realized because we use the unprecedented color coverage and lightcurve sampling of the SNLS to predict whether a candidate is an SN Ia and estimate its redshift, before obtaining a spectrum, using a new technique called the "SN photo-z." In addition, we have improved techniques for galaxy subtraction and SN template chi^2 fitting, allowing us to identify candidates even when they are only 15% as bright as the host galaxy. The largest impediment to SN identification is found to be host galaxy contamination of the spectrum -- when the SN was at least as bright as the underlying host galaxy the target was identified more than 90% of the time. However, even SNe on bright host galaxies can be easily identified in good seeing conditions. When the image quality was better than 0.55 arcsec the candidate was identified 88% of the time. Over the five-year course of the survey, using the selection techniques presented here we will be able to add approximately 170 more confirmed SNe Ia than would be possible using previous methods.
description: ApJ, accepted, 19 pages, 9 figures
An economic evaluation of the osmoregulation gene technology to the Australian wheat industry
Creators: name: Farquharson, Robert J.
name: Morgan, J.M.
name: Brennan, John P.
name: Farquharson, Robert J.
name: Morgan, J.M.
name: Brennan, John P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: economic evaluation
subject: wheat breeding
subject: osmoregulation

description: Episodes of rainfall irregularity and soil moisture deficit have focused attention on the widespread limitation of water supply on winter cereal crop production in Australia. This has motivated a number of efforts at breeding for improved drought tolerance. A recent example involves a cellular adaptation which mitigates water loss through solute accumulation (osmoregulation or osmotic adjustment). An assessment of the performance of osmoregulation yield response in the presence of climate change found that wheat cultivars with this gene are unlikely to be adversely affected by hotter and drier conditions across the wheat belt. The results of an economic evaluation of potential future innovations (wheat cultivars) from the osmoregulation gene technology are that for Australia the net present value could range from $388 million to $3.6 billion, depending on the adoption of wheat cultivars with the gene. Associated benefit-cost ratios ranged from 43:1 to 390:1, and internal rates of return were 16% to 27%. Even under pessimistic assumptions the returns are quite healthy. For NSW-only adoption, internal rates of return ranged from 10% to 22%. This osmoregulation technology has the potential for inclusion in wheat cultivars bred for other purposes, and for other crops. As such it has implications for agricultural plant breeders and farmers both in Australia and overseas, and there are substantial potential spillover benefits.
The onset of instability in resonant chains
Creators: name: Pichierri, Gabriele
name: Morbidelli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is evidence that most chains of mean motion resonances of type $k$:$k-1$ among exoplanets become unstable once the dissipative action from the gas is removed from the system, particularly for large $N$ (the number of planets) and $k$ (indicating how compact the chain is). We present a novel dynamical mechanism that can explain the origin of these instabilities and thus the dearth of resonant systems in the exoplanet sample. It relies on the emergence of secondary resonances between a fraction of the synodic frequency $2 π(1/P_1-1/P_2)$ and the libration frequencies in the mean motion resonance. These secondary resonances excite the amplitudes of libration of the mean motion resonances thus leading to an instability. We detail the emergence of these secondary resonances by carrying out an explicit perturbative scheme to second order in the planetary masses and isolating the harmonic terms that are associated with them. Focusing on the case of three planets in the 3:2 -- 3:2 mean motion resonance as an example, a simple but general analytical model of one of these resonances is obtained which describes the initial phase of the activation of one such secondary resonance. The dynamics of the excited system is also briefly described. This scheme shows how one can obtain analytical insight into the emergence of these resonances, and into the dynamics that they trigger. Finally, a generalisation of this dynamical mechanism is obtained for arbitrary $N$ and $k$. This leads to an explanation of previous numerical experiments on the stability of resonant chains, showing why the critical planetary mass allowed for stability decreases with increasing $N$ and $k$.
description: Submitted to MNRAS
Ultrafast Hole Spin Qubit with Gate-Tunable Spin-Orbit Switch
Creators: name: Froning, F. N. M.
name: Camenzind, L. C.
name: van der Molen, O. A. H.
name: Li, A.
name: Bakkers, E. P. A. M.
name: Zumbühl, D. M.
name: Braakman, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A key challenge in quantum computation is the implementation of fast and local qubit control while simultaneously maintaining coherence. Qubits based on hole spins offer, through their strong spin-orbit interaction, a way to implement fast quantum gates. Strikingly, for hole spins in one-dimensional germanium and silicon devices, the spin-orbit interaction has been predicted to be exceptionally strong yet highly tunable with gate voltages. Such electrical control would make it possible to switch on demand between qubit idling and manipulation modes. Here, we demonstrate ultrafast and universal quantum control of a hole spin qubit in a germanium/silicon core/shell nanowire, with Rabi frequencies of several hundreds of megahertz, corresponding to spin-flipping times as short as ~1 ns - a new record for a single-spin qubit. Next, we show a large degree of electrical control over the Rabi frequency, Zeeman energy, and coherence time - thus implementing a switch toggling from a rapid qubit manipulation mode to a more coherent idling mode. We identify an exceptionally strong but gate-tunable spin-orbit interaction as the underlying mechanism, with a short associated spin-orbit length that can be tuned over a large range down to 3 nm for holes of heavy-hole mass. Our work demonstrates a spin-orbit qubit switch and establishes hole spin qubits defined in one-dimensional germanium/silicon nanostructures as a fast and highly tunable platform for quantum computation.
Grower representation and its impact on the governance structure of the Australian Grains Industry
Creators: name: Farrell, Terence C.
name: Farrell, Terence C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: grain
subject: marketing
subject: infrastructure
subject: competition
subject: governance

description: The Australian wheat industry has changed considerably in structure and governance during the past 15 years. The most important changes have been the deregulation of the domestic market and privitisation of the former Australian Wheat Board into AWB Limited. Through these changes growers have become shareholders in the various companies. Governance of the monopolistic relationship between AWB Limited and AWB International by the Federal Minister of Agriculture and the Grains Council of Australia through the Wheat Export Authority has proved ineffective. Hence a national organisation that represents shareholders is recommended to increase grower governance of the supply chain and marketing of wheat.
Disorder-Induced Resistive Anomaly Near Ferromagnetic Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Timm, Carsten
name: Raikh, M. E.
name: von Oppen, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the resistivity rho(T) of disordered ferromagnets near, and above, the Curie temperature T_c generically exhibits a stronger anomaly than the scaling-based Fisher-Langer prediction. Treating transport beyond the Boltzmann description, we find that within mean-field theory, dρ/dT exhibits a |T-T_c|^{-1/2} singularity near T_c. Our results, being solely due to impurities, are relevant to ferromagnets with low T_c, such as SrRuO3 or diluted magnetic semiconductors, whose mobility near T_c is limited by disorder.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; V2: with a few clarifications, as published
A method for evaluating the extent to which farm subsidies can be de-coupled before profitable arable land is abandoned in the European Union
Creators: name: Fraser, Rob W.
name: Fraser, Rob W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: This paper evaluates concerns over the "abandonment of production" in the context of the recent CAP reform as it applies to the arable sector. The particular focus of the evaluation is on the extent to which the proposed "single farm payment" can be de-coupled from production and yet avoid the abandonment of land on which production is expected to be profitable. An analytical framework is developed which indicates the most important non-policy factors are the profitability of the land, the variability of yield and the grower's degree of risk aversion. The conclusion of a numerical analysis using this framework is that 85% de-coupling is unlikely to lead to abandonment of land in any arable region of the EU, and that 95% de-coupling is also unlikely to lead to abandonment in the majority of arable areas.
x-cut Cosmic Shear: Optimally Removing Sensitivity to Baryonic and Nonlinear Physics with an Application to the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Shear Data
Creators: name: Taylor, Peter L.
name: Bernardeau, Francis
name: Huff, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method, called $x$-cut cosmic shear, which optimally removes sensitivity to poorly modeled scales from the two-point cosmic shear signal. We show that the $x$-cut cosmic shear covariance matrix can be computed from the correlation function covariance matrix in a few minutes, enabling a likelihood analysis at virtually no additional computational cost. Further we show how to generalize $x$-cut cosmic shear to galaxy-galaxy lensing. Performing an $x$-cut cosmic shear analysis of the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 (DESY1) shear data, we reduce the error on $S_8= σ_8 (Ω_m / 0.3) ^ {0.5}$ by $32 \%$ relative to a correlation function analysis with the same priors and angular scale cut criterion, while showing our constraints are robust to different baryonic feedback models. Largely driven by information at small angular scales, our result, $S_8= 0.734 \pm 0.026$, yields a $2.6 σ$ tension with the Planck Legacy analysis of the cosmic microwave background. As well as alleviating baryonic modelling uncertainties, our method can be used to optimally constrain a large number of theories of modified gravity where computational limitations make it infeasible to model the power spectrum down to extremely small scales. The key parts of our code are made publicly available.
description: 18 pages. 10 Figures. PRD Accepted
A bio-economic evaluation of the American Foulbrood (AFB) control program in Western Australia
Creators: name: Ghose, Ananda
name: Hawkins, Chris
name: Ghose, Ananda
name: Hawkins, Chris
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: American foulbrood (AFB) is considered the most significant brood disease of bees in Western Australia. The Department of Agriculture of Western Australia (DAWA) provides assistance to apiarists by way of quarantine and surveillance measures under the AFB control program. A bio-economic evaluation was considered necessary by the department for setting future policy direction. As a way forward, a number of risk analysis scenarios were simulated to estimate the future prevalence rate of AFB in the absence of the present program. This epidemiological investigation was complemented by an economic evaluation which identifies the extent of benefit that flows through to direct beneficiaries. The paper provides a comprehensive bio-economic analysis and suggests future policy direction in accordance with Centre for International Economic (CIE) guidelines for animal health issues
The Anatomy of Electro-Weak Symmetry Breaking. II: The Higgs bosons in the Minimal Supersymmetric Model
Creators: name: Djouadi, Abdelhak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second part of this review is devoted to the Higgs sector of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The properties of the neutral and charged Higgs bosons of the extended Higgs sector are summarized and their decay modes and production mechanisms at hadron colliders and at future lepton colliders are reviewed.
description: 340 pages, latex, many figures and tables. V2: many typos corrected, references added and some corrected, english improved
Environmental efficiency: Meaning and measurement and application to Australian dairy farms
Creators: name: Graham, Mary
name: Graham, Mary
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: efficiency
subject: detrimental inputs
subject: nitrogen surplus
subject: DEA

description: Technical efficiency has been widely studied in the literature, but in its pursuit, many of the inputs used can impact on the environment. Environmental effects can be modelled as undesirable output or, as has been the case in more recent studies, as conventional inputs. This paper examines the concept of environmental efficiency and how it can be used to evaluate the performance of Australian dairy farming, using nitrogen surplus, arising from excessive applications of fertilizer, as a detrimental input. Farming promotes the image of clean and green production and if this image is to be maintained, there is a need to ensure activities are environmentally friendly
Zero set structure of real analytic Beltrami fields
Creators: name: Gerner, Wadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q31, 35Q35, 35Q85, 37C10, 53Z05, 58K45, 76W05

description: In this paper we prove a classification theorem for the zero sets of real analytic Beltrami fields. Namely, we show that the zero set of a real analytic Beltrami field on a real analytic, connected $3$-manifold without boundary is either empty after removing its isolated points or can be written as a countable, locally finite union of differentiably embedded, connected $1$-dimensional submanifolds with (possibly empty) boundary and tame knots. Further we consider the question of how complicated these tame knots can possibly be. To this end we prove that on the standard (open) solid toroidal annulus in $\mathbb{R}^3$, there exist for any pair $(p,q)$ of positive, coprime integers countable infinitely many distinct real analytic metrics such that for each such metric there exists a real analytic Beltrami field, corresponding to the eigenvalue $+1$ of the curl operator, whose zero set is precisely given by a standard $(p,q)$-torus knot. The metrics and the corresponding Beltrami fields are constructed explicitly and can be written down in Cartesian coordinates by means of elementary functions alone.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
An Improved Estimate of the Mass of Dust in Cassiopeia A
Creators: name: Wilson, T. L.
name: Batrla, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of sub-millimeter continuum emission toward supernova remnants (SNR) have raised the question of whether such emission is caused by dust within the SNR and thus produced by the supernova itself or along the line-of-sight. The importance of the present work is to establish evidence for the production of large amounts of dust in supernovae. The best tests can be made for young supernovae in our galaxy. Cassiopeia A is the best candidate for a measurement.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted by A&A for publication
A bioeconomic model of a marine park
Creators: name: Greenville, Jared W.
name: MacAulay, T. Gordon
name: Greenville, Jared W.
name: MacAulay, T. Gordon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: bioeconomic
subject: marine protected area
subject: fisheries

description: A spatial bioeconomic model of a fishery will be used to investigate the effect of creating a marine park in a heterogeneous environment. Focus will be placed on the relevant biological and economic conditions needed to provide a benefit to both fishers and conservationists alike. The fishing environment will be one of limited entry to better simulate the conditions which exist in many developed nations. Fishers will be assumed to operate across patched in which the fish stocks are linked via either sink-source or density dependant spatial relationships.
Chemical evolution of the Milky Way: constraints on the formation of the thick and thin discs
Creators: name: Palla, Marco
name: Matteucci, Francesca
name: Spitoni, Emanuele
name: Vincenzo, Fiorenzo
name: Grisoni, Valeria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of Milky Way thick and thin discs in the light of the most recent observational data. In particular, we analyze abundance gradients of O, N, Fe and Mg along the thin disc as well as the [Mg/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] relations and the metallicity distribution functions at different Galactocentric distances. We run several models starting from the two-infall paradigm, assuming that the thick and thin discs formed by means of two different infall episodes, and we explore several physical parameters, such as radial gas flows, variable efficiency of star formation, different times for the maximum infall onto the disc, different distributions of the total surface mass density of the thick disc and enriched gas infall. Our best model suggests that radial gas flows and variable efficiency of star formation should be acting together with the inside-out mechanism for the thin disc formation. The timescale for maximum infall onto the thin disc, which determines the gap between the formation of the two discs, should be $t_{max}\simeq 3.25$ Gyr. The thick disc should have an exponential, small scale length density profile and gas infall on the inner thin disc should be enriched. We compute also the evolution of Gaia-Enceladus system and study the effects of possible interactions with the thick and thin discs. We conclude that the gas lost by Enceladus or even part of it could have been responsible for the formation of the thick disc but not the thin disc.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) prevalence in field-collected ticks (Ixodes ricinus) and phylogenetic, structural and virulence analysis in a TBE high-risk endemic area in southwestern Germany
Creators: name: Ott, Daniela
name: Ulrich, Kristina
name: Ginsbach, Philip
name: Öhme, Rainer
name: Oswinde Bock-Hensley
name: Falk, Ulrich
name: Teinert, Martina
name: Lenhard, Thorsten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Alignment S1. Multiple sequence alignment of pE sequences derived from OWH isolates.
Tariffs and Steel: The US Safeguard Actions
Creators: name: Greenville, Jared W.
name: MacAulay, T. Gordon
name: Greenville, Jared W.
name: MacAulay, T. Gordon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: trade
subject: spatial equilibrium model
subject: steel

description: This paper presents a multi-product price linked spatial equilibrium model of world steel trade. The model is used to analyse the impacts of the safeguard trade barriers brought about by the United States in order to protect their domestic industry from so called unfair competition. Emphasis is placed on the likely effect to the Australian industry and possible policy responses available to the industry. A case study is made on Australia's three largest export products, namely slab, hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel, which share some substitutability in supply and demand due to the nature of the industry.
Examination of the c-axis resistivity of Bi_{2}Sr_{2-x}La_xCuO_{6+δ} in magnetic fields up to 58 T
Creators: name: Ono, S.
name: Ando, Yoichi
name: Balakirev, F. F.
name: Betts, J. B.
name: Boebinger, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the magnetic-field dependence of the c-axis resistivity, ρ_c(H), in a series of Bi_{2}Sr_{2-x}La_xCuO_{6+δ} (BSLCO) single crystals for a wide range of doping using pulsed magnetic fields up to 58 T. The behavior of ρ_c(H) is examined in light of the recent determination of the upper critical field H_{c2} for this material using Nernst effect measurements. We find that the peak in ρ_c(H) shows up at a field H_p that is much lower than H_{c2} and there is no discernable feature in ρ_c(H) at H_{c2}. Intriguingly, H_p shows a doping dependence similar to that of T_c, and there is an approximate relation k_{B}T_c \simeq {1/2}gμ_{B}H_p. Moreover, we show that the data for the lowest-T_c sample can be used to estimate the pseudogap closing field H_{pg}, but the method to estimate H_{pg} proposed by Shibauchi {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 86}, 5763 (2001)] must be modified to apply to the BSLCO system.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B