cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Topological Defects in Gravitational Lensing Shear Fields
Creators: name: Vitelli, Vincenzo
name: Jain, Bhuvnesh
name: Kamien, Randall D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shear fields due to weak gravitational lensing have characteristic coherent patterns. We describe the topological defects in shear fields in terms of the curvature of the surface described by the lensing potential. A simple interpretation of the characteristic defects is given in terms of the the umbilical points of the potential surface produced by ellipsoidal halos. We show simulated lensing shear maps and point out the typical defect configurations. Finally, we show how statistical properties such as the abundance of defects can be expressed in terms of the correlation function of the lensing potential.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Session II: The Impact of International Copyright Treaties and Trade Agreements on the Development of Domestic Norms
Creators: name: Claggett, Karyn Temple
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session II addressed how international copyright treaties and FTAs affect national IP laws in the U.S. and elsewhere. Session Panelists: Krista Cox, Director of Public Policy Initiatives, Association of Research Libraries (ARL) Ysolde Gendreau, Professor, Université de Montréal Eric J. Schwartz, Partner, Mitchell, Silberberg & Knupp LLP and Counsel to the International Intellectual Property Alliance Karyn Temple Claggett, Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of Policy & International Affairs, U.S. Copyright Office
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
MPEC 2023-X250 : 2023 XH11
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XH11

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The Powers Sum of spatial CPD-semigroups and CP-semigroups
Creators: name: Skeide, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L55, 46L53, 60J25, 46L08

description: We define spatial CPD-semigroup and construct their Powers sum. We construct the Powers sum for general spatial CP-semigroups. In both cases, we show that the product system of that Powers sum is the product of the spatial product systems of its factors. We show that on the domain of intersection, pointwise bounded CPD-semigroups on the one side and Schur CP-semigroups on the other, the constructions coincide. This summarizes all known results about Powers sums and generalizes them considerably.
Session II: The Impact of International Copyright Treaties and Trade Agreements on the Development of Domestic Norms
Creators: name: Schwartz, Eric
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session II addressed how international copyright treaties and FTAs affect national IP laws in the U.S. and elsewhere. Session Panelists: Krista Cox, Director of Public Policy Initiatives, Association of Research Libraries (ARL) Ysolde Gendreau, Professor, Université de Montréal Eric J. Schwartz, Partner, Mitchell, Silberberg & Knupp LLP and Counsel to the International Intellectual Property Alliance Karyn Temple Claggett, Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of Policy & International Affairs, U.S. Copyright Office
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
Additional file 1 of A multicentric observational study of imaging findings in COVID-19-related rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: a new Pandora’s box
Creators: name: Singhal, Annu
name: Jain, Shikha
name: Sharma, Swati
name: Kottiyath, Vivek Cherumanalil
name: Khandelwal, Girish
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Ethical Committee Guidelines.
The Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey: nine new quasars and the luminosity function at redshift 6
Creators: name: Willott, Chris J.
name: Delorme, Philippe
name: Reyle, Celine
name: Albert, Loic
name: Bergeron, Jacqueline
name: Crampton, David
name: Delfosse, Xavier
name: Forveille, Thierry
name: Hutchings, John B.
name: McLure, Ross J.
name: Omont, Alain
name: Schade, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present discovery imaging and spectroscopy for nine new z ~ 6 quasars found in the Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey (CFHQS) bringing the total number of CFHQS quasars to 19. By combining the CFHQS with the more luminous SDSS sample we are able to derive the quasar luminosity function from a sample of 40 quasars at redshifts 5.74 < z < 6.42. Our binned luminosity function shows a slightly lower normalisation and flatter slope than found in previous work. The binned data also suggest a break in the luminosity function at M_1450 approx -25. A double power law maximum likelihood fit to the data is consistent with the binned results. The luminosity function is strongly constrained (1 sigma uncertainty < 0.1 dex) over the range -27.5 < M_1450 < -24.7. The best-fit parameters are Phi(M_1450^*) = 1.14 x 10^-8 Mpc^-3 mag^-1, break magnitude M_1450^* = -25.13 and bright end slope beta = -2.81. However the covariance between beta and M_1450^* prevents strong constraints being placed on either parameter. For a break magnitude in the range -26 < M_1450^* < -24 we find -3.8 < beta < -2.3 at 95% confidence. We calculate the z = 6 quasar intergalactic ionizing flux and show it is between 20 and 100 times lower than that necessary for reionization. Finally, we use the luminosity function to predict how many higher redshift quasars may be discovered in future near-IR imaging surveys.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, AJ in press
Mapping of susceptibility loci for Ebola virus pathogenesis in mice
Creators: name: Miller, Darla R
name: Gully, Kendra L
name: Ferris, Martin T
name: Schughart, Klaus
name: Baric, Ralph S
name: De la Cruz, Gabriela E
name: Cowley, Dale O
name: Catanzaro, Nicholas J
name: Feldmann, Heinz
name: Meade-White, Kimberly
name: Shaw, Ginger D
name: Vernon, Michael J
name: Midkiff, Bentley R
name: Furuyama, Wakako
name: Nguyen, Cameron
name: Hubbard, Miranda L
name: Marzi, Andrea
name: Schäfer, Alexandra
name: Montgomery, Stephanie A
name: de Villena, Fernando Pardo Manuel
name: Thomas, Tina
name: Hock, Pablo
name: Martinez, David R
name: Graham, Rachel L
name: Haddock, Elaine
name: Wilkerson, Gregory K
name: Bell, Timothy A
name: Feldmann, Friederike
name: Leist, Sarah R
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Ebola virus (EBOV), a major global health concern, causes severe, often fatal EBOV disease (EVD) in humans. Host genetic variation plays a critical role, yet the identity of host susceptibility loci in mammals remains unknown. Using genetic reference populations, we generate an F2 mapping cohort to identify host susceptibility loci that regulate EVD. While disease-resistant mice display minimal pathogenesis, susceptible mice display severe liver pathology consistent with EVD-like disease and transcriptional signatures associated with inflammatory and liver metabolic processes. A significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) for virus RNA load in blood is identified in chromosome (chr)8, and a severe clinical disease and mortality QTL is mapped to chr7, which includes the Trim5 locus. Using knockout mice, we validate the Trim5 locus as one potential driver of liver failure and mortality after infection. The identification of susceptibility loci provides insight into molecular genetic mechanisms regulating EVD progression and severity, potentially informing therapeutics and vaccination strategies.
Иллюстрированный каталог журнала «Доклады независимых авторов» с доступом к международным архивам публикаций
Creators: name: Khmelnik, Solomon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Иллюстрированный каталог журналов «Доклады независимых авторов». Есть отдельные выпуски на русском и английском языках.
 Представлены оглавления каждого тома.
 Есть доступ к архивам и магазину печатных изданий.
 Каталог включает 57 тома за 2005-2023 годы.
 В начале файла – иллюстрированный каталог,
 в конце файла – оглавления томов.
Session II: The Impact of International Copyright Treaties and Trade Agreements on the Development of Domestic Norms
Creators: name: Gendreau, Ysolde
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session II addressed how international copyright treaties and FTAs affect national IP laws in the U.S. and elsewhere. Session Panelists: Krista Cox, Director of Public Policy Initiatives, Association of Research Libraries (ARL) Ysolde Gendreau, Professor, Université de Montréal Eric J. Schwartz, Partner, Mitchell, Silberberg & Knupp LLP and Counsel to the International Intellectual Property Alliance Karyn Temple Claggett, Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of Policy & International Affairs, U.S. Copyright Office
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
Protéger L'Église (Protect the Church)
Creators: name: Hoffman, Emma
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Writing Flag Award
French Revolution
Catholic Church
Edmund Burke
Rousseau

description: This essay is written from the perspective of a clergyman during the French Revolution to the National Assembly. The essay argues that the three of the laws/orders that are being discussed (the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the Decrees on Church Lands, and the Obligatory Oath) are attacks on the Catholic Church and infringements on religious freedom, and therefore should be rescinded or not passed.
Иллюстрированный каталог журнала «Доклады независимых авторов» с доступом к международным архивам публикаций
Creators: name: Khmelnik, Solomon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Иллюстрированный каталог журналов «Доклады независимых авторов». Есть отдельные выпуски на русском и английском языках.
 Представлены оглавлениям каждого тома.
 Есть доступ к архивам и магазину печатных изданий.
 Каталог включает 53 тома за 2005-2021 годы.
 В начале файла – иллюстрированный каталог,
 в конце файла – каталог без иллюстраций для быстрого листания.
On the reduction of the degree of linear differential operators
Creators: name: Bobieński, Marcin
name: Gavrilov, Lubomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34C08, 34M03, 34M35

description: Let L be a linear differential operator with coefficients in some differential field k of characteristic zero with algebraically closed field of constants. Let k^a be the algebraic closure of k. For a solution y, Ly=0, we determine the linear differential operator of minimal degree M and coefficients in k^a, such that My=0. This result is then applied to some Picard-Fuchs equations which appear in the study of perturbations of plane polynomial vector fields of Lotka-Volterra type.
Session II: Rigidity in Global Intellectual Property Norms
Creators: name: Cox, Krista L.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session II addressed how international copyright treaties and FTAs affect national IP laws in the U.S. and elsewhere. Session Panelists: Krista Cox, Director of Public Policy Initiatives, Association of Research Libraries (ARL) Ysolde Gendreau, Professor, Université de Montréal Eric J. Schwartz, Partner, Mitchell, Silberberg & Knupp LLP and Counsel to the International Intellectual Property Alliance Karyn Temple Claggett, Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of Policy & International Affairs, U.S. Copyright Office
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
title:  Cyber Security in Cyber Space
Creators: name: Lee Jr., James D.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: For almost twenty years, the Internet has been a driving force in global communication and an integral part of people's everyday lives. As a result of technical developments and declining prices, over 3 billion people worldwide now utilize the Internet. The Internet has created a global infrastructure, and it is worth billions of dollars annually to the global economy (Judge et al.). Today's economic, commercial, cultural, social, and governmental activities and exchanges occur in Cyberspace, involving individuals, enterprises, non-profit organizations, and government and governmental agencies (Aghajani and Ghadimi 220). Cyberspace is the birthplace of much of the world's most essential and sensitive data, produced by transferring vital and sensitive information to it and developing fundamental and sensitive infrastructures and systems. (Akhavan-Hejazi and Mohsenian-Rad ). Also, most citizens spend time and energy interacting in this arena, which has become the focal point of media migration and financial transactions (Siniosoglou et al.) Most of a country's material and spiritual resources are invested in Cyberspace, and most of an individual's material and spiritual resources are either gained from or have a substantial influence on it (Amir and Givargis). That is to say, many facets of individuals' lives depend on this area, and its instability, insecurity, and difficulties have an impact beyond its borders (Li et al.). For example, figure 1 shows the projected cost of cybercrimes worldwide as the negative impact of insecure Cyberspace. Nonetheless, governments face new security threats in the digital realm. Due to the low barrier to entrance, anonymity, the ambiguity of the unstable geographical region, the dramatic impact, and the lack of public transparency in Cyberspace, there are powerful and weak actors in Cyberspace, including governments, organized and terrorist organizations, and even individuals (Li and Qinghui). It distinguishes cyber risks from conventional national security concerns, which tend to be more obfuscated and whose actors can typically be traced back to certain governments and states in a specific region (Sarker). Analysts have speculated on the effects of cyber assaults for over a decade (Shin et al.). A virus's purpose may be described as an attack on the financial papers of an economic system or a disruption of a country's stock market. It is also possible for severe and potentially widespread physical or economic harm to arise from delivering an inaccurate message that causes a country's power plant to halt and fail or interrupt the air traffic control system, which adds to air mishaps (Li and Qinghui).
Session I: Keynote Panel, Describing the Legal Landscape
Creators: name: Metalitz, Steven
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: These remarks are a transcript of a talk that was given on October 14, 2016, at the Kernochan Center Annual Symposium at Columbia Law School. Session I, the Keynote Panel of the Symposium, addressed the legal landscape of copyright treatises and free trade agreements, including the role of FTAs and their benefits and disadvantages, and how copyright obligations in FTAs may differ from those in international treaties. Session Panelists: Probir Mehta, Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Innovation and Intellectual Property Steven J. Metalitz, Partner, Mitchell, Silberberg & Knupp LLP and Counsel to the International Intellectual Property Alliance
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 3 (2017)
New Developments in MSstatsQC: MSstatsQCgui a new R/Bioconductor package, quality control for targeted and discovery proteomics workflows, machine learning based quality monitoring
Creators: name: Dogu, Eralp
name: Mohammad-Taheri
name: Pujol
name: Sabido
name: Vitek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: proteomics, quality control, statistical process control

description: MSstatsQC and its graphical user interface, MSstatsQCgui, are two R/Bioconductor

packages for statistical analyses of longitudinal system suitability and quality control (QC) of mass

spectrometry-based proteomics experiments. MSstatsQC supports quality improvement

activities for data-dependent, targeted and data-independent spectral acquisition by detecting

different types and patterns of deviations from optimal performance. It integrates these patterns

across multiple metrics (such as intensity, retention time etc.) of multiple analytes relying on the

state-of-the-art statistical process control (SPC) methods.

Availability and implementation: The code, the documentation and example datasets are

available open-source at www.msstats.org/msstatsqc under the Artistic-2.0 license.

The package can be downloaded from www.msstats.org/msstatsqc or from

Bioconductor www.bioconductor.org and used in an R command line workflow.
Who Owns Our Ancestors’ Voices?
Creators: name: Reed, Trevor
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: In Part I, this Note will explore federal cultural property statutes as well as the doctrines of common law copyright and aboriginal title, each of which might be employed to determine ownership interests in pre-1972 sound recordings made on Indian reservations. In Part II, this Note will present a case study, involving a nonindigenous collector who captured a massive body of Native American cultural expression prior to 1972, to illustrate the complexities of applying cultural property statutes and common law doctrines to these types of materials in the present. Finally, recognizing that the Copyright Act’s treatment of pre-1972 sound recordings has been identified by Congress as an area in need of revision,1 Part III explores the potential risks and benefits of applying the Copyright Act’s frameworks to pre-1972 sound recordings made on federally recognized Indian reservations. If Congress does have the power to impose these frameworks on pre- 1972 sound recordings made on tribal lands, how might such a framework affect tribal communities? And, should tribal communities oppose such a move by Congress?
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 2 (2017)
“You Be The Judge”: An Analysis of the College Art Association’s Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
Creators: name: Lehrburger, Amy
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: This Note will aim to assess the workability of this Code of Best Practices, with a specific focus on the Principle and Limitations—which I call “Considerations”— set forward for Making Art. I will first look at the existing doctrine as it has developed over the last forty years, with specific attention to recent similarities and differences between decisions from the Second, Ninth, and Seventh Circuit Courts of Appeals. I will then turn to the CAA’s Code of Best Practices, contextualizing the project within the history of fair use statements and attempting to summarize relevant objections and defenses to such efforts. Finally, I will evaluate the Code, analyzing it as a descriptive and aspirational document, and presenting findings from interviews with artists applying the Code to Dieter’s hypothetical scenario. This Note argues that the Code of Best Practices is a problematic hybrid of descriptive and aspirational recommendations, instructive for artists only in terms of compliance with community norms, not with legal doctrine. Rather than offering recommendations for a better Code, I will suggest that none is needed for visual artists, in part because of their unique disposition as copyright users.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 2 (2017)
Copy Write: The Author Survival Guide
Creators: name: Meltzer, Brad
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: This is a transcript of the 29th Annual Horace S. Manges Lecture, given by best-selling author Brad Meltzer on March 24, 2016, about his time at Columbia Law School and the importance of doing what you love.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 2 (2017)
Prediction of mental health complications following mild traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Shi, Shuyuan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: People with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are at elevated risk for developing mental health disorders, which in turn can lead to poorer recovery. This study aimed to identify risk factors and develop prognostic model(s) for mental health complications following mTBI. The study was a secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial, including 517 adults presenting to emergency departments/urgent care centers. Demographic, injury-related and health history information was collected during eligibility screening within a week of injury. At 2-weeks post-injury, participants completed online questionnaires assessing a range of social, psychological and behavioral factors. At 3- and 6-months post-mTBI, participants engaged in a structured psychodiagnostics interview to determine the presence/absence of new or worsened Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), anxiety-related disorders, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The primary outcome in the current study was any vs. none of these mental health disorders. Logistic regression was used to assess the prognostic value of pre-, peri-, and early post-injury factors. Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) was used for predictor selection. A comprehensive model (with LASSO selected predictors from all 22 predictors) and a basic (clinical) model were developed using logistic regression modelling, and compared. Being younger, identifying as a woman and a people of color, lower education level, having mTBI(s) history, maladaptive coping behaviors and illness perceptions, and greater PTSD symptom severity measured at 2-weeks post-injury were significant predictors for new/worsened mental health complications 3-6 months following mTBI. 14 predictors, including demographic, healthy history, injury-related, and early post-injury factors, were included in the comprehensive model. The comprehensive model showed strong discriminability for predicting mental health outcomes and significantly outperformed the basic model. The identified risk factors hold the potential to guide targeted screening and treatment in post-mTBI care. The basic model can identify at-risk patients as early as their emergency department visit, using data that is collected as part of usual clinical care. The comprehensive model, which incorporates self-report measures collected online at 2 weeks post-injury, can significantly improve prognostic accuracy. These models can serve as valuable tools for evidence-based screening and risk stratification, enabling selective referral and proactive management.
Robust nearest-neighbor methods for classifying high-dimensional data
Creators: name: Chan, Yao-ban
name: Hall, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H30 (Primary)

description: We suggest a robust nearest-neighbor approach to classifying high-dimensional data. The method enhances sensitivity by employing a threshold and truncates to a sequence of zeros and ones in order to reduce the deleterious impact of heavy-tailed data. Empirical rules are suggested for choosing the threshold. They require the bare minimum of data; only one data vector is needed from each population. Theoretical and numerical aspects of performance are explored, paying particular attention to the impacts of correlation and heterogeneity among data components. On the theoretical side, it is shown that our truncated, thresholded, nearest-neighbor classifier enjoys the same classification boundary as more conventional, nonrobust approaches, which require finite moments in order to achieve good performance. In particular, the greater robustness of our approach does not come at the price of reduced effectiveness. Moreover, when both training sample sizes equal 1, our new method can have performance equal to that of optimal classifiers that require independent and identically distributed data with known marginal distributions; yet, our classifier does not itself need conditions of this type.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOS591 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Pelobates fuscus Wagl.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Elapidae
Pelobates
Pelobates fuscus

description: Pelobates fuscus Wagl.
Neudorf. Larven in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstufen v. H. Prof. Kollmann und Dir. Z. G.
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 674, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Supplementary document for Fundamental limits on radiative S\chi^{(2)}$ second harmonic generation - 6732005.pdf
Creators: name: Mohajan, Jewel
name: Chao, Pengning
name: Jin, Weiliang
name: Molesky, Sean
name: Rodriguez, Alejandro
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1: Contains necessary derivations and illustrations of concepts that support the manuscript.
The Transactional Origins of Authors’ Copyright
Creators: name: Curtin, Rebecca Schoff
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2017

description: One of the paradoxes of copyright history is that the Statute of Anne, which nominally recognized authors’ copyright for the first time, did not much change the day-to-day business of the Stationers who had previously enjoyed a virtual monopoly on the legal right to copy and who had also lobbied in support of the statute. This Article posits that commercial practice continued as it had because the concept of authors’ copyright had already begun to form in the contracts between authors and their publishers prior to the Statute’s enactment. These transactions, in some cases, gave authors greater rights in their work than the legal default required. Experience in the marketplace helped to assure both authors and booksellers that licensing transactions could support the creation and distribution of books in a world in which, going forward at least, authors would hold copyright in their new works. Commercial practice informed legal theory at this critical juncture in history and helped to change the legal and social norms associated with copyright. This Article draws on the records of the Stationer’s Company, parliamentary journals, and rarely seen, unpublished contracts from the eighteenth century and before to uncover the practical, transactional origins of authors’ copyright in England.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 2 (2017)
An integrative approach to modeling biological networks
Creators: name: Memisevic, Vesna
name: Milenkovic, Tijana
name: Przulj, Natasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Since proteins carry out biological processes by interacting with other proteins, analyzing the structure of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks could explain complex biological mechanisms, evolution, and disease. Similarly, studying protein structure networks, residue interaction graphs (RIGs), might provide insights into protein folding, stability, and function. The first step towards understanding these networks is finding an adequate network model that closely replicates their structure. Evaluating the fit of a model to the data requires comparing the model with real-world networks. Since network comparisons are computationally infeasible, they rely on heuristics, or "network properties." We show that it is difficult to assess the reliability of the fit of a model with any individual network property. Thus, our approach integrates a variety of network properties and further combines these with a series of probabilistic methods to predict an appropriate network model for biological networks. We find geometric random graphs, that model spatial relationships between objects, to be the best-fitting model for RIGs. This validates the correctness of our method, since RIGs have previously been shown to be geometric. We apply our approach to noisy PPI networks and demonstrate that their structure is also consistent with geometric random graphs.
description: 10 pages, 3 tables, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Quantifying the benefits of healthy lifestyle behaviors and emotional expressivity in lowering the risk of COVID-19 infection: a national survey of Chinese population
Creators: name: Miao, Yudong
name: Zhang, Wanliang
name: Li, Yi
name: Wu, Jian
name: Shen, Zhanlei
name: Bai, Junwen
name: Zhu, Dongfang
name: Ren, Ruizhe
name: Zhang, Jingbao
name: Guo, Dan
name: Tarimo, Clifford Silver
name: Li, Chengpeng
name: Dong, Wenyong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Plane Gravitational Radiation from Neutrinos Source with Kalb-Ramond Coupling
Creators: name: Ferreira, C. N.
name: Helayel-Neto, J. A.
name: Tomimura, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we propose a model based on a non-minimal coupling of neutrinos to a Kalb-Ramond field. The latter is taken as a possible source for gravitational radiation. As an immediate illustration of this system, we have studied the case where gravitational (plane) wave solutions behave as damped harmonic oscillators.
description: Presented at 7th Alexander Friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology, Joao Pessoa, Brazil, 29-05 Jul 2008
Can the New York Legislature Bring Back Authentication Boards?
Creators: name: Schechtner, Hannah
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: This Note will first lay out how authenticators—particularly authentication boards and artist foundations who author catalogues raisonnés—currently function in the art market, and how the financial stake in authenticity opinions has increased. It will also delineate the existing legal protections and liabilities that apply to authenticators, and how these liabilities have likely increased due to recent court decisions in New York. In Part II, this Note will examine how the proposed legislation, as intended, would (or would not) enhance legal protections for authenticators. Finally, this Note will suggest a stronger scheme for protecting authenticators that the legislature could pass, while also recognizing the limitations the New York Legislature faces in addressing the current chilling effect on authenticators.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 1 (2016)
State reconstruction by on/off measurements
Creators: name: Allevi, A.
name: Andreoni, A.
name: Bondani, M.
name: Brida, G.
name: Genovese, M.
name: Gramegna, M.
name: Olivares, S.
name: Paris, M. G. A.
name: Traina, P.
name: Zambra, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a state reconstruction technique which provides either the Wigner function or the density matrix of a field mode and requires only avalanche photodetectors, without any phase or amplitude discrimination power. It represents an alternative, of simpler implementation, to quantum homodyne tomography.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, revised and enlarged version
Turning Fantasy into Regulatory Reality
Creators: name: Feeney, Patrick
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: In Section I of this Note, I review the relevant literature and argue that the old moral and social externality arguments for banning or restricting fantasy sports do not hold up. While no particular path to regulation is the correct path, a comparative analysis of the functional structures of various speculative activities, and the legal and community control mechanisms apparent in each, provide some suggestions for what regulation should look like. In Sections II through V, I compare these speculative activities through four multidisciplinary lenses. In Section VI, I develop a recommended framework for legislation or regulation based on these comparisons and evaluate it against the laws recently implemented in New York and Massachusetts, the respective home states of FanDuel and DraftKings.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 1 (2016)
title: Visual Art in the Age of AI
Creators: name: Gurung, Roshnica
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Artists and researchers have been deeply interested in using AI programs that generate art for quite some time now. As a result, there have been many advancements in making AI more accessible and easier to use for the public. This is because AI is not just for business anymore. Nowadays an individual without a college degree with even the slightest interest in artcan go on a website like Stable Diffusion and create an artistic image using a text prompt in a quick couple minutes. The only limit is your imagination- and your internet’s stability. This accessibility was a huge reason behind the popularity of generative AI programs. In this paper, I look into how AI is currently being used in art generation, some of its shortcomings, along with some risk mitigation strategies that could help lessen the impact of possible privacy attacks. Later on I go into dataset models and how the programs that use them have failed to protect individuals’ privacy. On top of that, I also investigate the mistreatment of artists in the hands of large AI companies, providing real life examples. In summary, this work investigates the problems plaguing the generative AI industry and the individuals involved in it, and attempts to find solutions that will minimize the negative impact of it as much as possible.
Regulatory Property: The New IP
Creators: name: Feldman, Robin
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: For almost thirty years, a new form of intellectual property has grown up quietly beneath the surface of societal observation. It is a set of government-granted rights that have the quintessential characteristic of intellectual property and other forms of property—that is, the right to exclude others from the territory. Beginning with a small piece of legislation in the early 1980s, the system now has tentacles stretching out in many directions. It spans more than half a dozen smaller arrangements—established through individual pieces of congressional legislation or regulatory action—and confers hundreds of billions of dollars on those who can fold themselves within its various definitions. Its impact on the United States health care system, in particular, is enormous. In 2015 alone, more than 40 percent of all new drugs approved by the Federal Drug Administration (the “FDA”) came through just one of these portals, with the companies collecting regulatory property rights along the way.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 1 (2016)
“Courts Have Twisted Themselves into Knots”
Creators: name: Ginsburg, Jane C.
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: In copyright law, the marriage of beauty and utility often proves fraught. Domestic and international lawmakers have struggled to determine whether, and to what extent, copyright should cover works that are both artistic and functional. The U.S. Copyright Act protects a work of applied art “only if, and only to the extent that, its design incorporates pictorial, graphic, or sculptural features that can be identified separately from, and are capable of existing independently of, the utilitarian aspects of the article.” While the policy goal to separate the aesthetic from the functional is clear, courts’ application of the statutory “separability” standard has become so complex and incoherent that the U.S. Supreme Court has agreed to hear an appeal from a case in which the appellate court, echoing sister Circuits, expressed the lament quoted in the title of this Article. The Article will review the genesis and application of the statutory standard, with illustrations from several of the cases, and will offer two conclusions and a legislative proposal. First, the controversy before the Court does not concern the “design of a useful article,” and therefore does not require the Court to resolve the meaning of “separability.” The Varsity Brands case nonetheless reveals the importance of ascertaining whether the contested design is in fact the design of a “useful article.” A pre-existing pictorial, graphic or sculptural work applied to a useful article is not itself a useful article, and courts need not “twist themselves into knots” endeavoring to parse the meaning of the statutory separability standard. Were the Supreme Court to decline to reach separability on the ground that resolution of the Varsity Brands dispute does not in fact require it, some might be disappointed that the Court would fail to tidy the disarray in the lower courts over separability. But the predicate issue—what is the design of a “useful article”—also warrants more attention than lower courts have given it. Thus, were the Court to leave separability to a case that in fact poses that issue, the Court would still contribute to clarifying this area of copyright law. Second, the statutory requirements of separate identifiability and independent existence apply to “features” of the design, not to the entire shape of a useful article; attempts (including those ventured by this Article) to extend separability analysis to the useful article’s form as a whole prove unworkable. Accordingly, rather than continuing to struggle with an intractable statutory copyrightability standard, this Article proposes the enlargement of Title 17’s sui generis design protection regime to cover original designs of most useful articles.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 40 No. 1 (2016)
Robots, Pirates, and the Rise of the Automated Takedown Regime
Creators: name: Carpou, Zoe
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: This very second, a battle between robots and pirates is being waged online. Pirates are stealing content from copyright holders and uploading it to various websites. Robots are crawling the Web, searching for pirated content. When a robot encounters pirated content, it is programmed to attack—either by reporting back to the copyright holder, or by going straight to the source and requesting that the material be removed. Sometimes the pirates fight back, re-posting the content online soon after it is taken down or posting newly infringing content. The cycle continues, and the battle rages on.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 4 (2016)
Safety assessment of a novel implantable optical sensor designed to monitor spinal cord hemodynamics and oxygenation
Creators: name: Sahragard, Farnaz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Currently, hemodynamic management is one of the only treatment options to improve neurologic recovery in patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Our team has developed a novel implantable sensor based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) that is able to monitor spinal cord hemodynamics and oxygenation in real-time following acute SCI. In order to collect data, the NIRS sensor should be in direct contact with the spinal cord and emit near-infrared light into the tissue. As a safety assessment measure, I aimed to study the potential heat generation and contact compression effects of a series of custom implantable NIRS sensors developed in our research laboratory on the spinal cord tissue, as it is important prior to its clinical translation. In Chapter 1, I describe acute SCI and clinical treatment options such as hemodynamic management, as well as using NIRS to monitor spinal cord hemodynamics and improve the management of acute SCI. I also provide a background of NIRS technology, its clinical transcutaneous and novel implantable applications, and its risk factors and safety aspects. In Chapter 2, I investigate the potential heating effect of our spinal cord NIRS sensor using an in vitro setup. In this chapter, I have compiled information for a review article titled "Thermal Threshold for Tissue Damage from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Sensors," which I plan to submit to a peer-reviewed journal. In Chapter 3, I focus on the potential impact of NIRS sensor compression on the spinal cord tissue in a porcine model of acute SCI. In Chapter 4, I provide a summary, conclusions, and future directions. In the appendix, I provide a summary of the regulatory process for the application of the NIRS sensor (version 5) in the NIRS clinical trial. With these pre-clinical experiments, I have assessed the safety of the first series of the spinal cord NIRS sensors, which will ultimately lead to the design of the newest version of the sensor to be placed on the spinal cord of human SCI patients in a clinical trial. This study could help future studies in evaluating the safety of implantable NIRS sensors.
Macrophakia: The characterization of a novel lens condition
Creators: name: Paul, Joshua
name: Shaheen, Gulrukh
name: Fleischman, David
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Purpose: To present a novel characterization of a lens condition termed macrophakia which includes large or proportionally large lenses with shallow anterior chamber dimensions that are statistically deviant of a normal population.
Observations: We identified five eyes from three cases to have significantly large lens parameters and small anterior chamber depths. In all five eyes, the anterior chamber depth was less than 2 mm and the anterior chamber depth to lens thickness ratio was two standard deviations outside the normative range of lens and chamber measurements. These large lenses were all observed in the absence of typical pathology and other biometric abnormalities.
Conclusions and importance: A novel lens characterization termed macrophakia is proposed to describe large or proportionately large lenses. Naming this condition is clinically relevant and will enhance cataract evaluations and patient education.
Vertically Graded Anisotropy in Co/Pd Multilayers
Creators: name: Kirby, B. J.
name: Davies, J. E.
name: Liu, Kai
name: Watson, S. M.
name: Zimanyi, G. T.
name: Shull, R. D.
name: Kienzle, P. A.
name: Borchers, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Depth-grading of magnetic anisotropy in perpendicular magnetic media has been predicted to reduce the field required to write data without sacrificing thermal stability. To study this prediction, we have produced Co/Pd multilayers with depth-dependent Co layer thickness. Polarized neutron reflectometry shows that the thickness grading results in a corresponding magnetic anisotropy gradient. Magnetometry reveals that the anisotropy gradient promotes domain nucleation upon magnetization reversal - a clear experimental demonstration of the effectiveness of graded anisotropy for reducing write-field.
Antiproton-nucleus electromagnetic annihilation as a way to access the proton timelike form factors
Creators: name: Fonvieille, H.
name: Karmanov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contrary to the reaction pbar + p --> e+ e- with a high momentum incident antiproton on a free target proton at rest, in which the invariant mass M of the (e+ e-) pair is necessarily much larger than the (pbar p) mass, in the reaction pbar + d --> n e+ e- the value of M can take values near or below the (pbar p) mass. In the antiproton-deuteron electromagnetic annihilation, this allows to access the proton electromagnetic form factors in the time-like region of q^2 near the (pbar p) threshold. We estimate the cross section dsigma(pbar +d --> e+ e- n)/dM for an antiproton beam momentum of 1.5 GeV/c. We find that near the (pbar p) threshold this cross section is about 1 pb/MeV. The case of heavy nuclei target is also discussed. Elements of experimental feasibility are presented for the process pbar + d --> n e+ e- in the context of the Panda project.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures. submitted to EPJA
Fair Use and the New Transformative
Creators: name: Sites, Brian
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2016

description: In the eyes of many, the “transformative” subfactor of the fair use analysis is expanding. Recent decisions such as Cariou v. Prince, Seltzer v. Green Day, and the Google Books line of cases have allegedly pushed the doctrine into new and problematic territory. Given the subfactor’s power in the aggregate fair use analysis and its strong parallels to the goals of copyright law, the scope of the transformativeness inquiry is critical to defining permitted uses under § 107. Accordingly, this Article assesses the claims that Cariou et al. have modified the scope of transformativeness. Part I paints, in broad strokes, the history of the transformativeness subfactor. Part II focuses on recent copyright decisions and concludes that some cases have expanded the doctrine of transformativeness into new territory. Some of those modifications are inconsistent with prior decisions. Finally, Part III considers paths to stabilize the transformative subfactor.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 39 No. 4 (2016)