cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Can climatic factors explain the differences in COVID-19 incidence and severity across the Spanish regions?: An ecological study
Creators: name: Cacho, Pedro Muñoz
name: Hernández, José L.
name: López-Hoyos, Marcos
name: Martínez-Taboada, Víctor M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Cumulative incidence -previous 14 days- × 105 inhabitants in the different study periods across the Spanish regions.
Polylogarithmic representation of radiative and thermodynamic properties of thermal radiation in a given spectral range: II. Real-body radiation
Creators: name: Fisenko, Anatoliy I.
name: Lemberg, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general analytical expressions for the thermal radiative and thermodynamic properties of a real-body are obtained in a finite range of frequencies at different temperatures. The frequency dependence of the spectral emissivity is represented as a power series. The Stefan-Boltzmann law, total energy density, number density of photons, Helmholtz free energy density, internal energy density, enthalpy density, entropy density, heat capacity at constant volume, pressure, and total emissivity are expressed in terms of the polylogarithm functions. The general expressions for the thermal radiative and thermodynamic functions are applied for the study of thermal radiation of liquid and solid zirconium carbide. These functions are calculated using experimental data for the frequency dependence of the normal spectral emissivity in the visible-near infrared range at the melting (freezing) point. The gaps between the thermal radiative and thermodynamic functions of liquid and solid zirconium carbide are observed. The general analytical expressions obtained can easily be presented in wavenumber domain.
description: 21 pages, 2 tables
SUR LA PRÉSENCE DE MICROORGANISMES SPÉCIFIQUES DANS LES GLANDES VESTIBULAIRES ET DANS L'AVICULAIRE DE PALMICELLARIA SKENEI (ELLIS ET SOLANDER), BRYOZOAIRE CHILOSTOME
Creators: name: LUTAUD, Geneviève
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1965

description: The hypertrophy of the vestibular glands in Palmicellaria skenei (Ellis and Solander) is connected with an internal layer of slightly curved rods which seem to be bacterias, living in the mucous content of the main pouch of the gland. The association is permanent in the geographical area of Roscoff and it is not prejudicial to the host. But the relationship between the Bryozoa and the microorganism it shelters differs from other cases already described, as the microorganism settles in an ordinary structure of the autozoecia in Cheilostomata Aseas and does not require a specific additional shelter structure. The avicularium encloses, next to the main avicularian body, a secondary gland in which are clustered a few short rods closely related to the similar rods in the vestibular glandsbytheirmorphologicalfeatures.
title: The Werra-Fulda mining district, underground extension of the CEVP-alkaline magmatic province – New insights in the magmatic evolution and its interaction with evaporitic deposits.
Creators: name:  Zirkler ,  Axel
name:  Glasmacher ,  Ulrich A.
name:  Krob ,  Florian
name:  Zeibig ,  Silvio
name:  Olbert ,  Jochen
name:  Dunkl ,  Istvan
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: The Werra-Fulda mining district located in Central Germany hosts a world-class deposit of sulfate bearing potash salts. The Permian (Zechstein, ca. 255 Ma) evaporite sequence was intruded by mafic melts in the Neogene resulting in magmatic dykes as well as sill structures frequently observed in the subsurface mining galleries. Furthermore, volcanic rocks intersect the overlaying strata (mainly Buntsandstein and Muschelkalk) at localized spots forming distinct mountains. In this study, samples from subsurface mafic dykes and surface volcanic rocks were intensively documented, sampled, and analyzed for their major, minor, and trace element composition. The geochemical analyses allow the characterization of the rocks that show compositions typical for within plate basanites and nephelinites with minor occurrences of phonolitic dykes. Results of the study also indicate the interaction of magma with adjacent potash salts and partly alteration of potassium and sodium concentration. Two distinct trends in magmatic composition are revealed suggesting at least two sources for the magmatic feeder system in the local area. The geochemical results are compared to published data of the area and nearby volcanic complexes in the Rhön, Vogelsberg, Westerwald, and Siebengebirge. Additionally, we tested the fission-track and (U-Th-Sm)/He dating technique by using apatite from more than 100 magmatic rock samples. Preliminary, results provide two magmatic events: one at about 21 Ma and the other at about 13 Ma. Both events are accompanied by localized tectonic reactivation.
Proton-in-Flight Mechanism for the Spontaneous Hydrolysis of N -Methyl O -Phenyl Sulfamate: Implications for the Design of Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors
Creators: name: Edwards, David R.
name: Wolfenden, Richard
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The hydrolysis of N-methyl O-phenyl sulfamate (1) has been studied as a model for steroid sulfatase inhibitors such as Coumate, 667 Coumate and EMATE. At neutral pH, simulating physiological conditions, hydrolysis of 1 involves an intramolecular proton transfer from nitrogen to the bridging oxygen atom of the leaving group. Remarkably, this proton transfer is estimated to accelerate the decomposition of 1 by a factor of 1011. Examination of existing kinetic data reveals that the sulfatase PaAstA catalyzes the hydrolysis of sulfamate esters with moderate efficiencies of ~104; whereas, the catalytic rate acceleration generated by the enzyme for its cognate substrate is on the order of ~1015. Rate constants for hydrolysis of a wide range of sulfuryl esters, ArOSO2X−, are shown to be correlated by a two parameter equation based on pKaArOH and pKaArOSO2XH.
(569) Constantia M [McLaggan]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
MUCUS HYPERSECRETION IN A NORMALLY ISOLATED NON-INNERVATED CELL
Creators: name: BANG, Betsy G.
name: BANG, Frederik B.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1965

description: The mucous-ciliated base cell of the freeswimming urns in the coelomic fluid of th e m arine worm Sipunculus nudus has been studied vitally in the Phase III microscope. The structure and secretory activity of unstained and vitally stained urns have been studied under normal and experimental conditions. The normal secretory output has been observed to be about one micron per minute. The rate was briefly altered by the introduction of several kinds of foreign materials and dead bacteria into the fluid. Introduction of large inocula of live bacteria caused hypersecretion at a rate of at least ten times normal for over three hours.
Experimental investigation of double layers in expanding plasmas
Creators: name: Plihon, N.
name: Chabert, P.
name: Corr, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double layers (DLs) have been observed in a plasma reactor composed of a source chamber attached to a larger expanding chamber. Positive ion beams generated across the DL were characterized in the low plasma potential region using retarding field energy analyzers. In electropositive gases, DLs were formed at very low pressures between 0.1 and 1 mTorr with the plasma expansion forced by a strongly diverging magnetic field. The DL remains static, robust to changes in boundary conditions, and its position is related to the magnetic field lines. The voltage drop across the DL increases with decreasing pressure, i.e., with increasing electron temperature around 20 V at 0.17 mTorr. DLs were also observed in electronegative gases without a magnetic field over a greater range of pressure 0.5 to 10 mTorr. The actual profile of the electronegative DL is very sensitive to external parameters and intrusive elements, and they propagate at high negative ion fraction. Electrostatic probes measurements and laser-induced photodetachment show discontinuities in all plasma parameters electron density, electron temperature, negative ion fraction at the DL position. The voltage drop across the electronegative DL is about 8 V, is independent of the gas pressure and therefore of the electron temperature.
(567) Agnes Hardie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Silyl Glyoxylates. Conception and Realization of Flexible Conjunctive Reagents for Multicomponent Coupling
Creators: name: Steward, Kimberly M.
name: Johnson, Jeffrey S.
name: Malinowski, Justin T.
name: Nicewicz, David A.
name: Schmitt, Daniel C.
name: Boyce, Gregory R.
name: Linghu, Xin
name: Greszler, Stephen N.
name: Satterfield, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: This Perspective describes the discovery and development of silyl glyoxylates, a new family of conjunctive reagents for use in multicomponent coupling reactions. The selection of the nucleophilic and electrophilic components determines whether the silyl glyoxylate reagent will function as a synthetic equivalent to the dipolar glycolic acid synthon, the glyoxylate anion synthon, or the α-keto ester homoenolate synthon. The ability to select for any of these reaction modes has translated to excellent structural diversity in the derived three- and four-component coupling adducts. Preliminary findings on the development of catalytic reactions using these reagents are detailed, as are the design and discovery of new reactions directed toward particular functional group arrays embedded within bioactive natural products.
Teleparallel quintessence with a nonminimal coupling to a boundary term
Creators: name: Bahamonde, Sebastian
name: Wright, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new model in the teleparallel framework where we consider a scalar field nonminimally coupled to both the torsion $T$ and a boundary term given by the divergence of the torsion vector $B=\frac{2}{e}\partial_μ(eT^μ)$. This is inspired by the relation $R=-T+B$ between the Ricci scalar of general relativity and the torsion of teleparallel gravity. This theory in suitable limits incorporates both the nonminimal coupling of a scalar field to torsion, and the nonminimal coupling of a scalar field to the Ricci scalar. We analyse the cosmology of such models, and we perform a dynamical systems analysis on the case when we have only a pure coupling to the boundary term. It is found that the system generically evolves to a late time accelerating attractor solution without requiring any fine tuning of the parameters. A dynamical crossing of the phantom barrier is also shown to be possible.
description: Equation (27) corrected. Subsequent equations correspondingly corrected. Results and conclusions are unchanged
Additional file 7 of Genome-wide association study in accessions of the mini-core collection of mungbean (Vigna radiata) from the World Vegetable Gene Bank (Taiwan)
Creators: name: Sokolkova, Alena
name: Burlyaeva, Marina
name: Valiannikova, Tatjana
name: Vishnyakova, Margarita
name: Schafleitner, Roland
name: Cheng-Ruei Lee
name: Chau-Ti Ting
name: Ramakrishnan Madhavan Nair
name: Nuzhdin, Sergey
name: Samsonova, Maria
name: Wettberg, Eric Von
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Table S5. The proportion of variance in a phenotype explained by all GWAS SNPs (i.e. the SNP-based heritability) for traits measured in Kuban.
(568) Neil McPhail
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Gold(I)-Catalyzed Formation of Bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-1-enes
Creators: name: Gutierrez, Osvaldo
name: Tantillo, Dean J.
name: Felix, Ryan J.
name: Gagné, Michel R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Gold(I) catalysts effectively promote the Cope rearrangement of acyclic 1,5-dienes bearing a terminal cyclopropylidene. When this methodology is applied to cyclic substrates an unexpected transformation occurs, resulting in the formation of a tricyclic compound incorporating a bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-1-ene core, a portion of which is found in a number of natural products. Density functional theory calculations (M06 and M06-2X) reveal insight into the mechanism and thermodynamics of this unique transformation.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the Indole Diterpene Alkaloid Paspaline
Creators: name: Johnson, Jeffrey S.
name: Sharpe, Robert J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: An enantioselective synthesis of the indole diterpenoid natural product paspaline is disclosed. Critical to this approach was the implementation of stereoselective desymmetrization reactions to assemble key stereocenters of the molecule. The design and execution of these tactics are described in detail, and a thorough analysis of observed outcomes is presented, ultimately providing the title compound in high stereopurity. This synthesis provides a novel template for preparing key stereocenters in this family of molecules, and the reactions developed en route to paspaline present a series of new synthetic disconnections in preparing steroidal natural products.
Additional file 8 of Genome-wide association study in accessions of the mini-core collection of mungbean (Vigna radiata) from the World Vegetable Gene Bank (Taiwan)
Creators: name: Sokolkova, Alena
name: Burlyaeva, Marina
name: Valiannikova, Tatjana
name: Vishnyakova, Margarita
name: Schafleitner, Roland
name: Cheng-Ruei Lee
name: Chau-Ti Ting
name: Ramakrishnan Madhavan Nair
name: Nuzhdin, Sergey
name: Samsonova, Maria
name: Wettberg, Eric Von
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Table S6. The correlation coefficients between phenotypic traits.
ÉTUDE CYTOLOGIQUE DE QUELQUES FLAGELLÉS MÉSOPSAMMIQUES
Creators: name: DRAGESCO, Jean
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1965

description: The littoral, marine, briny and fresh-water sands constitute a biotope particularly favorable to the development of a rich interstitial microflora. Among the protophytes 'which cover the sand at low tide, with highly colored spots, the Flagellates, and notably the Peridinians, represent groups rich in species and can constitute immense monospecific concentrations (e.g., evaluated at 30 billion individuals on a single location of the beach at Sieck, in Brittany).
Eleven species of Flagellates have thus been studied, from a morphological and cytological approach (including, particularly, the structure of mucoid and fibrous trichocysts, the “kinetides”, and the nuclei) : Pontosphaera roscoffensis (Goccolithophorid), Euglena viridis, Trachelomonas abrupta (Euglenoid), Exu- viella marina, Amphidinium klebsi, Amphidinium herdmani, Amphidinium pellu- cidum, Thekadinium kofoidi, Polykrikos lebourei, Gymnodinium arenicolus, Gymnodinium variabile (Peridinians).
Molecular ions in the O-rich evolved star OH231.8+4.2: HCO$^+$,H$^{13}$CO$^+$ and first detection of SO$^+$, N$_2$H$^+$, and H$_3$O$^+$
Creators: name: Contreras, C. Sánchez
name: Prieto, L. Velilla
name: Agúndez, M.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Quintana-Lacaci, G.
name: Bujarrabal, V.
name: Alcolea, J.
name: Goicoechea, J. R.
name: Herpin, F.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Wyrowski, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: OH 231.8+4.2, a bipolar outflow around a Mira-type variable star, displays a unique molecular richness amongst circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) around O-rich AGB and post-AGB stars. We report line observations of the HCO+ and H13CO+ molecular ions and the first detection of SO+, N2H+, and (tentatively) H3O+ in this source. SO+ and H3O+ have not been detected before in CSEs around evolved stars. These data have been obtained as part of a full mm-wave and far-IR spectral line survey carried out with the IRAM 30 m radio telescope and with Herschel/HIFI. Except for H3O+, all the molecular ions detected in this work display emission lines with broad profiles (FWHM 50-90 km/s), which indicates that these ions are abundant in the fast bipolar outflow of OH 231.8. The narrow profile (FWHM 14 km/s) and high critical densities (>1e6cm-3 ) of the H3O+ transitions observed are consistent with this ion arising from denser, inner (and presumably warmer) layers of the fossil remnant of the slow AGB CSE at the core of the nebula. From rotational diagram analysis, we deduce excitation temperatures of Tex 10-20 K for all ions except for H3O+, which is most consistent with Tex 100 K. Although uncertain, the higher excitation temperature suspected for H3O+ is similar to that recently found for H2O and a few other molecules, which selectively trace a previously unidentified, warm nebular component.The column densities of the molecular ions reported here are in the range Ntot [1-8]x1e13 cm-2, leading to beam-averaged fractional abundances relative to H2 of X(HCO+) 1e-8, X(H13CO+) 2e-9, X(SO+) 4e-9, X(N2H+) 2e-9, and X(H3O+) 7e-9 cm-2. We have performed chemical kinetics models to investigate the formation of these ions in OH 231.8 as the result of standard gas phase reactions initiated by cosmic-ray and UV-photon ionization. (abridged).
description: 24 pages, 11 figures
Divergent Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides
Creators: name: El-Dakdouki, Mohammad H.
name: Yang, Bo
name: Huang, Xuefei
name: Xu, Yongmei
name: Wang, Peng
name: Liu, Jian
name: Dulaney, Steven B.
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Tiruchinapally, Gopinath
name: Kathawa, Jolian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Heparan sulfates are implicated in a wide range of biological processes. A major challenge in deciphering their structure and activity relationship is the synthetic difficulties to access diverse heparan sulfate oligosaccharides with well-defined sulfation patterns. In order to expedite the synthesis, a divergent synthetic strategy was developed. By integrating chemical synthesis and two types of O-sulfo transferases, seven different hexasaccharides were obtained from a single hexasaccharide precursor. This approach combined the flexibility of chemical synthesis with the selectivity of enzyme-catalyzed sulfations, thus simplifying the overall synthetic operations. In an attempt to establish structure activity relationships of heparan sulfate binding with its receptor, the synthesized oligosaccharides were incorporated onto a glycan microarray, and their bindings with a growth factor FGF-2 were examined. The unique combination of chemical and enzymatic approaches expanded the capability of oligosaccharide synthesis. In addition, the well-defined heparan sulfate structures helped shine light on the fine substrate specificities of biosynthetic enzymes and confirm the potential sequence of enzymatic reactions in biosynthesis.
(570) Aulay McLeod
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Direct Determination of Resonance Energy Transfer in Photolyase: Structural Alignment for the Functional State
Creators: name: Li, Jiang
name: Wang, Lijuan
name: Zhong, Dongping
name: Sancar, Aziz
name: Ai, Yuejie
name: Guo, Lijun
name: Luo, Yi
name: Tan, Chuang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Photoantenna is essential to energy transduction in photoinduced biological machinery. A photoenzyme, photolyase, has a light-harvesting pigment of methenyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) that transfers its excitation energy to the catalytic flavin cofactor FADH¯ to enhance DNA-repair efficiency. Here we report our systematic characterization and direct determination of the ultrafast dynamics of resonance energy transfer from excited MTHF to three flavin redox states in E. coli photolyase by capturing the intermediates formed through the energy transfer and thus excluding the electron-transfer quenching pathway. We observed 170 ps for excitation energy transferring to the fully reduced hydroquinone FADH¯, 20 ps to the fully oxidized FAD, and 18 ps to the neutral semiquinone FADH•, and the corresponding orientation factors (κ2) were determined to be 2.84, 1.53 and 1.26, respectively, perfectly matching with our calculated theoretical values. Thus, under physiological conditions and over the course of evolution, photolyase has adopted the optimized orientation of its photopigment to efficiently convert solar energy for repair of damaged DNA.
(564) George McLaggan
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Physical Microscopic Model of Proteins Under Force
Creators: name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Nature has evolved proteins to counter-act forces applied on living cells, and designed proteins that can sense forces. One can appreciate Nature’s ingenuity in evolving these proteins to be highly sensitive to force and to have a high dynamic force range at which they operate. To achieve this level of sensitivity, many of these proteins are comprised of multiple domains and linking peptides connecting these domain, each of them have their own force response regimes. Here, using a simple model of a protein, we address the question of how each individual domain responds to force. We also ask how multi-domain proteins respond to forces. We find that the end-to-end distance of individual domains under force scales linearly with force. In multi-domain proteins, we find that the force response has a rich range: at low force, extension is predominantly governed by “weaker” linking peptides or domain intermediates, while at higher force, the extension is governed by unfolding of individual domains. Overall, the force extension curve comprises multiple sigmoidal transition governed by unfolding of linking peptides and domains. Our study provides a basic framework for the understanding of protein response to force, and allows for interpretation experiments in which force is used to study the mechanical properties of multi-domain proteins.
Additional file 2 of Can climatic factors explain the differences in COVID-19 incidence and severity across the Spanish regions?: An ecological study
Creators: name: Cacho, Pedro Muñoz
name: Hernández, José L.
name: López-Hoyos, Marcos
name: Martínez-Taboada, Víctor M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 1. Relationship between cumulative UV radiation before the pandemic and cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection across the Spanish AA.CC. except Canary Islands.
Critical Role of Water in the Binding of Volatile Anesthetics to Proteins
Creators: name: Wang, Hai-Jing
name: Kleinhammes, Alfred
name: Tang, Pei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Numerous small molecules exhibit drug-like properties by low-affinity binding to proteins. Such binding is known to be influenced by water, the detailed picture of which, however, remains unclear. One particular example is the controversial role of water in the binding of general anesthetics to proteins as an essential step in general anesthesia. Here we demonstrate that a critical amount of hydration water is a prerequisite for anesthetic-protein binding. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, the concurrent adsorption of hydration water and bound anesthetics on model proteins are simultaneously measured. Halothane binding on proteins can only take place after protein hydration reaches a threshold hydration level of ~0.31 gram of water per gram of proteins at the relative water vapor pressure of ~0.95. Similar dependence on hydration is also observed for several other proteins. The ratio of anesthetic partial pressures at which two different anesthetics reach the same fractional load is correlated with the anesthetic potency. The binding of nonimmobilizers, which are structurally similar to known anesthetics but unable to produce anesthesia, does not occur even after the proteins are fully hydrated. Our results provide the first unambiguous experimental evidence that water is absolutely required to enable anesthetic-protein interactions, shedding new light on the general mechanism of molecular recognition and binding.
Tube synthesis and growth processes in the hydrothermal vent tube-worm Riftia pachyptila
Creators: name: RAVAUX, Juliette
name: SHILLITTO, Bruce
name: GAILL, Françoise
name: GAY, Lucien
name: VOSS-FOUCART, Marie-Françoise
name: CHILDRESS4, James J.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1998

Abstract
(565) John McLaggan
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dominant Alcohol–Protein Interaction via Hydration-Enabled Enthalpy-Driven Binding Mechanism
Creators: name: Chong, Yuan
name: Kleinhammes, Alfred
name: Tang, Pei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Water plays an important role in weak associations of small drug molecules with proteins. Intense focus has been on binding-induced structural changes in the water network surrounding protein binding sites, especially their contributions to binding thermodynamics. However, water is also tightly coupled to protein conformations and dynamics, and so far little is known about the influence of water-protein interactions on ligand binding. Alcohols are a type of low-affinity drugs, and it remains unclear how water affects alcohol-protein interactions. Here, we present alcohol adsorption isotherms under controlled protein hydration using in-situ NMR detection. As functions of hydration level, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of binding were determined from the temperature dependence of isotherms. Two types of alcohol binding were found. The dominant type is low-affinity nonspecific binding, which is strongly dependent on temperature and the level of hydration. At low hydration levels, this nonspecific binding only occurs above a threshold of alcohol vapor pressure. An increased hydration level reduces this threshold, with it finally disappearing at a hydration level of h~0.2 (g water/g protein), gradually shifting alcohol binding from an entropy-driven to an enthalpy-driven process. Water at charged and polar groups on the protein surface was found to be particularly important in enabling this binding. Although further increase in hydration has smaller effects on the changes of binding enthalpy and entropy, it results in significant negative change in Gibbs free energy due to unmatched enthalpy-entropy compensation. These results show the crucial role of water-protein interplay in alcohol binding.
Additional file 1 of Incidence of hypothyroidism after treatment for breast cancer—a Danish matched cohort study
Creators: name: Falstie-Jensen, Anne Mette
name: Esen, Buket Ö.
name: Kjærsgaard, Anders
name: Lorenzen, Ebbe L.
name: Jensen, Jeanette D.
name: Reinertsen, Kristin V.
name: Dekkers, Olaf M.
name: Ewertz, Marianne
name: Cronin-Fenton, Deirdre P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. CONSORT diagram showing the of inclusion and exclusion criteria for the cohort of breast cancer survivors and the matched control cohort. Supplementary Table 1. Incidence rates (IRs) and hazard rates§ of hypothyroidism for survivors of non-metastatic breast cancer and matched controls in strata by calendar period, age and comorbidity at index date. Supplementary Figure 2. Cumulative person-time in the cohort of survivors of non-metastatic breast cancer and the matched control cohort, with that in the matched controls divided by 5 to account for the 1:5 matching. Supplementary Table 2. Incidence rates (IRs) and hazard ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of hypothyroidism in the cohort of women diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer between 1996 and 2009, who were registered in the Danish Breast Cancer Group clinical database, stratified by the receipt of radiation therapy – to the chest wall only (RTc) or with the addition of the lymph nodes (RTn) – and chemotherapy. (HRs adjusted for age, comorbidity, cancer stage, grade and ER status).
(566) Peter Watt McLaggan
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
SUR TROIS CALLITHAMNIÉES DES ENVIRONS DE ROSCOFF
Creators: name: HALOS, M. Th.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1965

description: Description of three Aglaothamnion G. Feldmann, 1941, of the Channel : Aglaothamnion pseudobgssoides (Crouan) comb. nov. is close to Aglaothamnion furcellariae (J. A g.) G. Feldmann, but has globulous gonimolobes. Aglaothamnion decompositum (Grateloup) ex J. Ag. comb. nov. is close to Aglaothamnion tripinnatum (Grateloup) G. Feldmann, but differs by the size of the fronds andthe disposition of the ramifications. The absence of cortication and the distichous branching as well as the involucre surrounding the gonimoblasts are characteristic of Aglaothamnion feldmanniae nov. sp.
Exciton states in monolayer MoSe2: impact on interband transitions
Creators: name: Wang, G.
name: Gerber, I. C.
name: Bouet, L.
name: Lagarde, D.
name: Balocchi, A.
name: Vidal, M.
name: Palleau, E.
name: Amand, T.
name: Marie, X.
name: Urbaszek, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine linear and non-linear optical spectroscopy at 4K with ab initio calculations to study the electronic bandstructure of MoSe2 monolayers. In 1-photon photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and reflectivity we measure a separation between the A- and B-exciton emission of 220 meV. In 2-photon PLE we detect for the A- and B-exciton the 2p state 180meV above the respective 1s state. In second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy we record an enhancement by more than 2 orders of magnitude of the SHG signal at resonances of the charged exciton and the 1s and 2p neutral A- and B-exciton. Our post-Density Functional Theory calculations show in the conduction band along the $K-Γ$ direction a local minimum that is energetically and in k-space close to the global minimum at the K-point. This has a potentially strong impact on the polarization and energy of the excitonic states that govern the interband transitions and marks an important difference to MoS2 and WSe2 monolayers.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Hypercapnia modulates cAMP signalling and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent anion and fluid secretion in airway epithelia
Creators: name: Cann, Martin J.
name: Tarran, Robert
name: Turner, Mark J.
name: Garnett, James P.
name: Verdon, Bernard
name: Saint-Criq, Vinciane
name: Ibrahim, Salam H.
name: Ward, Christopher
name: Patel, Waseema
name: Gray, Michael A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Hypercapnia is clinically defined as an arterial blood partial pressure of CO2 of above 40 mmHg and is a feature of chronic lung disease. In previous studies we have demonstrated that hypercapnia modulates agonist-stimulated cAMP levels through effects on transmembrane adenylyl cyclase activity. In the airways, cAMP is known to regulate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated anion and fluid secretion, which contributes to airway surface liquid homeostasis. The aim of the current work was to investigate if hypercapnia could modulate cAMP-regulated ion and fluid transport in human airway epithelial cells. We found that acute exposure to hypercapnia significantly reduced forskolin-stimulated elevations in intracellular cAMP as well as both adenosine and forskolin-stimulated increases in CFTR-dependent transepithelial short-circuit current, in polarised cultures of Calu-3 human airway cells. This CO2-induced reduction in anion secretion was not due to a decrease in HCO3− transport given that neither a change in CFTR-dependent HCO3− efflux, nor Na+/HCO3− cotransporter-dependent HCO3− influx were CO2-sensitive. Hypercapnia also reduced the volume of forskolin-stimulated fluid secretion over 24 h, yet had no effect on the HCO3− content of the secreted fluid. Our data reveal that hypercapnia reduces CFTR-dependent, electrogenic Cl− and fluid secretion, but not CFTR-dependent HCO3− secretion, which highlights a differential sensitivity of Cl− and HCO3− transporters to raised CO2 in Calu-3 cells. Hypercapnia also reduced forskolin-stimulated CFTR-dependent anion secretion in primary human airway epithelia. Based on current models of airways biology, a reduction in fluid secretion, associated with hypercapnia, would be predicted to have important consequences for airways hydration and the innate defence mechanisms of the lungs.
Electric Contributions to Magnetic Force Microscopy Response from Graphene and MoS2 Nanosheets
Creators: name: Li, Lu Hua
name: Chen, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) signals have recently been detected from whole pieces of mechanically exfoliated graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and magnetism of the two nanomaterials was claimed based on these observations. However, non-magnetic interactions or artefacts are commonly associated with MFM signals, which makes the interpretation of MFM signals not straightforward. A systematic investigation has been done to examine possible sources of the MFM signals from graphene and MoS2 nanosheets and whether the MFM signals can be correlated with magnetism. It is found that the MFM signals have significant non-magnetic contributions due to capacitive and electrostatic interactions between the nanosheets and conductive cantilever tip, as demonstrated by electric force microscopy (EFM) and scanning Kevin probe microscopy (SKPM) analyses. In addition, the MFM signals of graphene and MoS2 nanosheets are not responsive to reversed magnetic field of the magnetic cantilever tip. Therefore, the observed MFM response is mainly from electric artefacts and not compelling enough to correlate with magnetism of graphene and MoS2 nanosheets.
description: With Supporting Information
Religiosity and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among African American Cocaine Users in the Rural South: Religion and Sex Risk
Creators: name: Cornell, Carol E.
name: Ounpraseuth, Songthip T.
name: Pulley, LeaVonne
name: Yeary, Karen H.K.
name: Corwyn, Robert
name: Stewart, Katharine E.
name: Montgomery, Brooke E.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Racial and geographic disparities in human immunodeficency virus (HIV) are dramatic and drug use is a significant contributor to HIV risk. Within the rural South, African Americans who use drugs are at extremely high risk. Due to the importance of religion within African American and rural Southern communities, it can be a key element of culturally-targeted health promotion with these populations. Studies have examined religion’s relationship with sexual risk in adolescent populations, but few have examined specific religious behaviors and sexual risk behaviors among drug-using African American adults. This study examined the relationship between well-defined dimensions of religion and specific sexual behaviors among African Americans who use cocaine living in the rural southern United States.
RGS21, A Regulator of Taste and Mucociliary Clearance?
Creators: name: Tarran, Robert
name: Zielinski, Thomas
name: Willard, Francis S.
name: Garland, Alaina L.
name: Setola, Vincent
name: Lowery, Robert G.
name: Siderovski, David P.
name: Cohen, Staci P.
name: Kimple, Adam J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Motile cilia of airway epithelial cells help to expel harmful inhaled material. Activation of bitterant-responsive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is believed to potentiate cilia beat frequency and mucociliary clearance. In this study, we investigated whether regulator of G protein signaling-21 (RGS21) has the potential to modulate signaling pathways connected to airway mucociliary clearance, given that RGS proteins modulate GPCR signaling by acting as GTPase-accelerating proteins (GAPs) for the Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins.
The Nucleus Accumbens and Pavlovian Reward Learning
Creators: name: Carelli, Regina M.
name: Day, Jeremy J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The ability to form associations between predictive environmental events and rewarding outcomes is a fundamental aspect of learned behavior. This apparently simple ability likely requires complex neural processing evolved to identify, seek, and utilize natural rewards and redirect these activities based on updated sensory information. Emerging evidence from both animal and human research suggests that this type of processing is mediated in part by the nucleus accumbens and a closely associated network of brain structures. The nucleus accumbens is required for a number of reward-related behaviors, and processes specific information about reward availability, value, and context. Additionally, this structure is critical for the acquisition and expression of most Pavlovian stimulus-reward relationships, and cues that predict rewards produce robust changes in neural activity in the nucleus accumbens. While processing within the nucleus accumbens may enable or promote Pavlovian reward learning in natural situations, it has also been implicated in aspects of human drug addiction, including the ability of drug-paired cues to control behavior. This article will provide a critical review of the existing animal and human literature concerning the role of the NAc in Pavlovian learning with non-drug rewards and consider some clinical implications of these findings.
Presynaptic NMDA Receptors: Newly Appreciated Roles in Cortical Synaptic Function and Plasticity
Creators: name: Corlew, Rebekah
name: Feldman, Daniel E.
name: Brasier, Daniel J.
name: Philpot, Benjamin D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Many aspects of synaptic development, plasticity, and neurotransmission are critically influenced by NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs). Moreover, dysfunction of NMDARs has been implicated in a broad array of neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, stroke, epilepsy, and neuropathic pain. Classically, NMDARs were thought to be exclusively postsynaptic. However, substantial evidence in the last 10 years demonstrates that NMDARs also exist presynaptically, and that presynaptic NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) modulate synapse function and have critical roles in plasticity at many synapses. Here we review current knowledge of the role of preNMDARs in synaptic transmission and plasticity, focusing on the neocortex. We discuss the prevalence, function, and development of these receptors, and their potential modification by experience and in brain pathology.
Cytokinin is required for escape but not release from auxin mediated apical dominance
Creators: name: Müller, Dörte
name: Waldie, Tanya
name: To, Jennifer P.C.
name: Melnyk, Charles W.
name: Kieber, Joseph J.
name: Kakimoto, Tatsuo
name: Miyawaki, Kaori
name: Leyser, Ottoline
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Auxin produced by an active primary shoot apex is transported down the main stem and inhibits the growth of the axillary buds below it, contributing to apical dominance. Here we use Arabidopsis thaliana cytokinin (CK) biosynthetic and signalling mutants to probe the role of CK in this process. It is well established that bud outgrowth is promoted by CK, and that CK synthesis is inhibited by auxin, leading to the hypothesis that release from apical dominance relies on an increased supply of CK to buds. Our data confirm that decapitation induces the expression of at least one ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE (IPT) CK biosynthetic gene in the stem. We further show that transcript abundance of a clade of the CK-responsive type-A Arabidopsis response regulator (ARR) genes increases in buds following CK supply, and that, contrary to their typical action as inhibitors of CK signalling, these genes are required for CK-mediated bud activation. However, analysis of the relevant arr and ipt multiple mutants demonstrates that defects in bud CK response do not affect auxin-mediated bud inhibition, and increased IPT transcript levels are not needed for bud release following decapitation. Instead, our data suggest that CK acts to overcome auxin-mediated bud inhibition, allowing buds to escape apical dominance under favourable conditions, such as high nitrate availability.
(563) Jean [McLaggan]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.