cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Isentropic Curves at Magnetic Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Cone, J. D.
name: Zujev, A.
name: Scalettar, R. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments on cold atom systems in which a lattice potential is ramped up on a confined cloud have raised intriguing questions about how the temperature varies along isentropic curves, and how these curves intersect features in the phase diagram. In this paper, we study the isentropic curves of two models of magnetic phase transitions- the classical Blume-Capel Model (BCM) and the Fermi Hubbard Model (FHM). Both Mean Field Theory (MFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods are used. The isentropic curves of the BCM generally run parallel to the phase boundary in the Ising regime of low vacancy density, but intersect the phase boundary when the magnetic transition is mainly driven by a proliferation of vacancies. Adiabatic heating occurs in moving away from the phase boundary. The isentropes of the half-filled FHM have a relatively simple structure, running parallel to the temperature axis in the paramagnetic phase, and then curving upwards as the antiferromagnetic transition occurs. However, in the doped case, where two magnetic phase boundaries are crossed, the isentrope topology is considerably more complex.
Electronic Phases and Phase Separation in the Hubbard-Holstein Model of a Polar Interface
Creators: name: Nanda, B. R. K
name: Satpathy, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From a mean-field solution of the Hubbard-Holstein model, we show that a rich variety of different electronic phases can result at the interface between two polar materials such as LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$. Depending on the strengths of the various competing interactions, viz., the electronic kinetic energy, electron-phonon interaction, Coulomb energy, and electronic screening strength, the electrons could (i) either be strongly confined to the interface forming a 2D metallic or an insulating phase, (ii) spread deeper into the bulk making a 3D phase, or (iii) become localized at individual sites forming a Jahn-Teller polaronic phase. In the polaronic phase, the Coulomb interaction could lead to unpaired electrons resulting in magnetic Kondo centers. Under appropriate conditions, electronic phase separation may also occur resulting in the coexistence of metallic and insulating regions at the interface.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
Optimal thermodynamic uncertainty relation in Markov jump processes
Creators: name: Shiraishi, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the tightness and optimality of thermodynamic-uncertainty-relation (TUR)-type inequalities from two aspects, the choice of the Fisher information and the class of possible observables. We show that there exists the best choice of the Fisher information, given by the pseudo entropy production, and all other TUR-type inequalities in a certain class can be reproduced by this tightest inequality. We also demonstrate that if we observe not only generalized currents but generalized empirical measures, the TUR-type inequality becomes optimal in the sense that it achieves its equality in general nonequilibrium stationary systems. Combining these results, we can draw a hierarchical structure of TUR-type inequalities.
description: 13 pages, no figure
How to Identify Class Comment Types? A Multi-language Approach for Class Comment Classification
Creators: name: Rani, Pooja
name: Panichella, Sebastiano
name: Leuenberger, Manuel
name: Di Sorbo, Andrea
name: Nierstrasz, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most software maintenance and evolution tasks require developers to understand the source code of their software systems. Software developers usually inspect class comments to gain knowledge about program behavior, regardless of the programming language they are using. Unfortunately, (i) different programming languages present language-specific code commenting notations/guidelines; and (ii) the source code of software projects often lacks comments that adequately describe the class behavior, which complicates program comprehension and evolution activities. To handle these challenges, this paper investigates the different language-specific class commenting practices of three programming languages: Python, Java, and Smalltalk. In particular, we systematically analyze the similarities and differences of the information types found in class comments of projects developed in these languages. We propose an approach that leverages two techniques, namely Natural Language Processing and Text Analysis, to automatically identify various types of information from class comments i.e., the specific types of semantic information found in class comments. To the best of our knowledge, no previous work has provided a comprehensive taxonomy of class comment types for these three programming languages with the help of a common automated approach. Our results confirm that our approach can classify frequent class comment information types with high accuracy for Python, Java, and Smalltalk programming languages. We believe this work can help to monitor and assess the quality and evolution of code comments in different program languages, and thus support maintenance and evolution tasks.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables
TASEP and generalizations: Method for exact solution
Creators: name: Matetski, Konstantin
name: Remenik, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The explicit biorthogonalization method, developed in [arXiv:1701.00018] for continuous time TASEP, is generalized to a broad class of determinantal measures which describe the evolution of several interacting particle systems in the KPZ universality class. The method is applied to sequential and parallel update versions of each of the four variants of discrete time TASEP (with Bernoulli and geometric jumps, and with block and push dynamics) which have determinantal transition probabilities; to continuous time PushASEP; and to a version of TASEP with generalized update. In all cases, multipoint distribution functions are expressed in terms of a Fredholm determinant with an explicit kernel involving hitting times of certain random walks to a curve defined by the initial data of the system. The method is further applied to systems of interacting caterpillars, an extension of the discrete time TASEP models which generalizes sequential and parallel updates.
description: 57 pages, revised version
Anacroneuria holzenthali Stark 1998
Creators: name: Stark, Bill P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria holzenthali

description: Anacroneuria holzenthali Stark Anacroneuria holzenthali Stark 1998:568. Holotype ♂ (USNM), Quebrada Zapilote, Parque Nacional Rincon de la Vieja, Guanacaste, Costa Rica Material examined. Costa Rica, Cartago, near Tuis, 3000’, 16-22 June 1993, S. Keller, 1♂ (BYUC). Comments. This species has been reported from Honduras, Nicaragua and from Alajuela, Guanacaste and Heredia provinces in Costa Rica (Stark 1998; Stark & Kondratieff 2004). This is the first record from Cartago.
description: Published as part of Stark, Bill P., 2014, Records Of Mesoamerican Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 6-16 in Illiesia 10 (2) on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4760479
description: {"references": ["Stark, B. P. 1998. The Anacroneuria of Costa Rica and Panama (Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111: 551 - 603.", "Stark, B. P. & B. C. Kondratieff. 2004. Anacroneuria from Mexico and upper Mesoamerica (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, 2: 1 - 64."]}
Rate of Convergence Towards Hartree Dynamics
Creators: name: Chen, Li
name: Lee, Ji Oon
name: Schlein, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81U05, 81U30, 81V70, 82C10

description: We consider a system of N bosons interacting through a two-body potential with, possibly, Coulomb-type singularities. We show that the difference between the many-body Schrödinger evolution in the mean-field regime and the effective nonlinear Hartree dynamics is at most of the order 1/N, for any fixed time. The N-dependence of the bound is optimal.
description: 26 pages
What Do Developers Discuss about Code Comments?
Creators: name: Rani, Pooja
name: Birrer, Mathias
name: Panichella, Sebastiano
name: Ghafari, Mohammad
name: Nierstrasz, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Code comments are important for program comprehension, development, and maintenance tasks. Given the varying standards for code comments, and their unstructured or semi-structured nature, developers get easily confused (especially novice developers) about which convention(s) to follow, or what tools to use while writing code documentation. Thus, they post related questions on external online sources to seek better commenting practices. In this paper, we analyze code comment discussions on online sources such as Stack Overflow (SO) and Quora to shed some light on the questions developers ask about commenting practices. We apply Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to identify emerging topics concerning code comments. Then we manually analyze a statistically significant sample set of posts to derive a taxonomy that provides an overview of the developer questions about commenting practices. Our results highlight that on SO nearly 40% of the questions mention how to write or process comments in documentation tools and environments, and nearly 20% of the questions are about potential limitations and possibilities of documentation tools to add automatically and consistently more information in comments. On the other hand, on Quora, developer questions focus more on background information (35% of the questions) or asking opinions (16% of the questions) about code comments. We found that (i) not all aspects of comments are covered in coding style guidelines, e.g., how to add a specific type of information, (ii) developers need support in learning the syntax and format conventions to add various types of information in comments, and (iii) developers are interested in various automated strategies for comments such as detection of bad comments, or verify comment style automatically, but lack tool support to do that.
description: 21st IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM'21)
Anacroneuria lineata
Creators: name: Stark, Bill P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria lineata

description: Anacroneuria lineata (Navás) Neoperla lineata Navás 1924:73. Holotype ♂ (Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris), Costa Rica Anacroneuria sulanaNeedham & Broughton 1927:112. Holotype ♀ (Cornell University Insect Collection), Río Santa Ana, British Honduras [Belize], synonymy Stark & Kondratieff, 2004:26 Anacroneuria lineata: Stark, 1998:572. Redescription Anacroneuria lineata: Stark & Kondratieff, 2004:26. Female description Material examined. Panama, Chiriqui Province, Rovira. Elvira Farm, 2200’, 11 July 1964, A. Broce, 1♂ (FSCA). Veraguas, Alto de Piedra, 08 ° 30.9’ N, 81 ° 07.0’ W, 16-18 June 2011, E. Fuller, 1♂ (BYUC). Comments. Several Costa Rican provincial records of this species are given in Stark (1998) and additional records are given for Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico in Stark & Kondratieff (2004). Jewett (1958) lists a male and two female specimens from “El Volcan, Chiriqui, Panama ” among the specimens he determined as A. sulana, a synonym of A. lineata (Stark & Kondratieff 2004). These records may be valid, however, to my knowledge they have not been examined since the 1950’s. The specimens listed above indicate the species is a valid member of the Panamanian fauna. The specimen from Veraguas has a thimble-shaped hammer rather than nipple shaped and has other subtle features which suggest it may represent a species distinct from A. lineata.
description: Published as part of Stark, Bill P., 2014, Records Of Mesoamerican Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 6-16 in Illiesia 10 (2) on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4760479
description: {"references": ["Navas, L. 1924. Insectos de la America Central. Broteria: Serie Zoologica, 21: 55 - 86.", "Needham, J. G. & E. Broughton. 1927. Central American stoneflies, with descriptions of new species (Plecoptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 35: 109 - 120.", "Stark, B. P. & B. C. Kondratieff. 2004. Anacroneuria from Mexico and upper Mesoamerica (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, 2: 1 - 64.", "Stark, B. P. 1998. The Anacroneuria of Costa Rica and Panama (Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111: 551 - 603.", "Jewett, S. G. 1958. Stoneflies of the genus Anacroneuria from Mexico and Central America (Plecoptera). The American Midland Naturalist, 60: 159 - 175."]}
Autonomous and cooperative multi-robot system for multi-object transportation
Creators: name: Maghsoud, Pegah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: This thesis investigates multi-robot cooperation in multi-robot systems (MRS) for simultaneous multi-object transportation in unknown, dynamic, and unstructured environments. Two distinct control frameworks are developed for MRS to achieve its global goal while resolving conflicts in the system. An autonomous and distributed algorithm that uses artificial immune system (AIS) is developed for multi-robot cooperation and it is validated using experimental work carried out on a team of real physical robots in the Industrial Automation Laboratory (IAL). Two deadlock handling approaches are considered to avoid shared resource conflicts in the system. One method prevents the system from getting into a deadlock situation and is so-called the prevention-based method. The other method autonomously detects the deadlocks and then recovers system from that situation, and is known as the detection-based method. Two separate deadlock resolution algorithms are developed for MRS; one based on the prevention method and the other based on the detection method. Either of these two deadlock handling algorithms is then combined with the multi-robot cooperation algorithm to generate two integrated task execution algorithms for the control frameworks of MRS. Feasibility and effectiveness of the developed control frameworks are demonstrated and evaluated through simulation of the MRS on the Webots simulation platform. Finally, using the simulation results, a comparative evaluation of the two control frameworks developed in this research is carried out with respect to task completion time, communication overhead, and the number of tasks executed.
On the Parallel I/O Optimality of Linear Algebra Kernels: Near-Optimal Matrix Factorizations
Creators: name: Kwasniewski, Grzegorz
name: Kabić, Marko
name: Ben-Nun, Tal
name: Ziogas, Alexandros Nikolaos
name: Saethre, Jens Eirik
name: Gaillard, André
name: Schneider, Timo
name: Besta, Maciej
name: Kozhevnikov, Anton
name: VandeVondele, Joost
name: Hoefler, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Matrix factorizations are among the most important building blocks of scientific computing. State-of-the-art libraries, however, are not communication-optimal, underutilizing current parallel architectures. We present novel algorithms for Cholesky and LU factorizations that utilize an asymptotically communication-optimal 2.5D decomposition. We first establish a theoretical framework for deriving parallel I/O lower bounds for linear algebra kernels, and then utilize its insights to derive Cholesky and LU schedules, both communicating N^3/(P*sqrt(M)) elements per processor, where M is the local memory size. The empirical results match our theoretical analysis: our implementations communicate significantly less than Intel MKL, SLATE, and the asymptotically communication-optimal CANDMC and CAPITAL libraries. Our code outperforms these state-of-the-art libraries in almost all tested scenarios, with matrix sizes ranging from 2,048 to 262,144 on up to 512 CPU nodes of the Piz Daint supercomputer, decreasing the time-to-solution by up to three times. Our code is ScaLAPACK-compatible and available as an open-source library.
description: 15 pages (including references), 11 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2010.05975
Do Comments follow Commenting Conventions? A Case Study in Java and Python
Creators: name: Rani, Pooja
name: Abukar, Suada
name: Stulova, Nataliia
name: Bergel, Alexandre
name: Nierstrasz, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Assessing code comment quality is known to be a difficult problem. A number of coding style guidelines have been created with the aim to encourage writing of informative, readable, and consistent comments. However, it is not clear from the research to date which specific aspects of comments the guidelines cover (e.g., syntax, content, structure). Furthermore, the extent to which developers follow these guidelines while writing code comments is unknown. We analyze various style guidelines in Java and Python and uncover that the majority of them address more the content aspect of the comments rather than syntax or formatting, but when considering the different types of information developers embed in comments and the concerns they raise on various online platforms about the commenting practices, existing comment conventions are not yet specified clearly enough, nor do they adequately cover important concerns. We also analyze commenting practices of developers in diverse projects to see the extent to which they follow the guidelines. Our results highlight the mismatch between developer commenting practices and style guidelines, and provide several focal points for the design and improvement of comment quality checking tools.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, conference
Anacroneuria magnirufa Jewett 1958
Creators: name: Stark, Bill P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria magnirufa

description: Anacroneuria magnirufa Jewett Anacroneuria magnirufa Jewett 1958:162. Holotype ♀ (American Museum of Natural History), El Volcan, Chiriqui, Panama Anacroneuria magnirufa: Stark, 1998:572. Redescription Material examined. Costa Rica, Heredia, 9 km NE Vara Blancas, 10 ° 14’ N, 84 ° 06’ W, 1450-1550 m, 20 March 2005, S.M. Clark, D.R. Clark, 1♂ (BYUC). Same site, 14 March 2005, S.M. Clark, D.R. Clark, 1♂ (BYUC). Comments. This species was previously reported from Honduras, Panama and from three Costa Rican provinces (Alajuela, Guanacaste, Puntarenas) (Jewett 1958; Stark 1998). These are the first specimens recorded from Heredia Province.
description: Published as part of Stark, Bill P., 2014, Records Of Mesoamerican Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 6-16 in Illiesia 10 (2) on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4760479
description: {"references": ["Jewett, S. G. 1958. Stoneflies of the genus Anacroneuria from Mexico and Central America (Plecoptera). The American Midland Naturalist, 60: 159 - 175.", "Stark, B. P. 1998. The Anacroneuria of Costa Rica and Panama (Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111: 551 - 603."]}
Comparing BERT against traditional machine learning text classification
Creators: name: González-Carvajal, Santiago
name: Garrido-Merchán, Eduardo C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The BERT model has arisen as a popular state-of-the-art machine learning model in the recent years that is able to cope with multiple NLP tasks such as supervised text classification without human supervision. Its flexibility to cope with any type of corpus delivering great results has make this approach very popular not only in academia but also in the industry. Although, there are lots of different approaches that have been used throughout the years with success. In this work, we first present BERT and include a little review on classical NLP approaches. Then, we empirically test with a suite of experiments dealing different scenarios the behaviour of BERT against the traditional TF-IDF vocabulary fed to machine learning algorithms. Our purpose of this work is to add empirical evidence to support or refuse the use of BERT as a default on NLP tasks. Experiments show the superiority of BERT and its independence of features of the NLP problem such as the language of the text adding empirical evidence to use BERT as a default technique to be used in NLP problems.
description: 12 pages
An anyon model in a toric honeycomb lattice
Creators: name: Liang, Long
name: Yu, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an anyon model in a toric honeycomb lattice. The ground states and the low-lying excitations coincide with those of Kitaev toric code model and then the excitations obey mutual semionic statistics. This model is helpful to understand the toric code of anyons in a more symmetric way. On the other hand, there is a direct relation between this toric honeycomb model and a boundary coupled Ising chain array in a square lattice via Jordan-Wigner transformation. We discuss the equivalence between these two models in the low-lying sector and realize these anyon excitations in a conventional fermion system.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Free Probability for predicting the performance of feed-forward fully connected neural networks
Creators: name: Chhaibi, Reda
name: Daouda, Tariq
name: Kahn, Ezechiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Gradient descent during the learning process of a neural network can be subject to many instabilities. The spectral density of the Jacobian is a key component for analyzing stability. Following the works of Pennington et al., such Jacobians are modeled using free multiplicative convolutions from Free Probability Theory (FPT). We present a reliable and very fast method for computing the associated spectral densities, for given architecture and initialization. This method has a controlled and proven convergence. Our technique is based on an homotopy method: it is an adaptative Newton-Raphson scheme which chains basins of attraction. In order to demonstrate the relevance of our method we show that the relevant FPT metrics computed before training are highly correlated to final test accuracies - up to 85\%. We also nuance the idea that learning happens at the edge of chaos by giving evidence that a very desirable feature for neural networks is the hyperbolicity of their Jacobian at initialization.
description: 20 pages, many figures ; v1: Preliminary version ; v2: Added numerical benchmarks, and changed presentation; v3: Accepted in Neurips2022
Time-symmetric current and its fluctuation response relation around nonequilibrium stalling stationary state
Creators: name: Shiraishi, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a time-symmetric counterpart of the current in stochastic thermodynamics named time-symmetric current. This quantity is defined with empirical measures and thus is symmetric under time reversal, while its ensemble average reproduces the amount of average current. We prove that this time-symmetric current satisfies the fluctuation-response relation in the conventional form with sign inversion. Remarkably, this fluctuation-response relation holds not only around equilibrium states but also around nonequilibrium stationary states if observed currents stall. The obtained relation also serves as an experimental tool for calculating the value of a bare transition rate by measuring only time-integrated empirical measures.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Anacroneuria marca Stark 1998
Creators: name: Stark, Bill P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria marca

description: Anacroneuria marca Stark Anacroneuria marca Stark 1998:575. Holotype ♂ (USNM), Rio Peje, Heredia, Parque Nacional Braulio Carillo, Costa Rica Material examined. Costa Rica, Heredia, Chilamate, 24-30 July 1993, W.J. Hanson, 3♂ (BYUC). Panama, Chiriqui, Totumas Cloud Forest, lodge, 08 ° 53.060’ N, 82 ° 41.068’ W, 1920 m, 10-25 June 2011, E. Fuller, 5♀ (BYUC). Chiriqui Province, Rio Caldera, Boquete, 1100 m, 18 June 1973, 1♂ (USNM). Comments. This species was previously reported from several Costa Rican provinces, including Heredia (Stark 1998). These are the first specimens recorded from Panama.
description: Published as part of Stark, Bill P., 2014, Records Of Mesoamerican Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 6-16 in Illiesia 10 (2) on pages 10-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4760479
description: {"references": ["Stark, B. P. 1998. The Anacroneuria of Costa Rica and Panama (Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111: 551 - 603."]}
Anacroneuria maritza Stark 1998
Creators: name: Stark, Bill P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria maritza

description: Anacroneuria maritza Stark Anacroneuria maritza Stark 1998:578. Holotype ♂ (USNM), Rio Tempisquito, Estacion Maritza, Guanacaste, Costa Rica Material examined. Costa Rica, Guanacaste, 3 km SE Rio Naranjo, 19-22 February 1993, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (BYUC). Same location, 21-30 April 1992, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (MLBM). Same location, 18-28 April 1993, F.D. Parker, 3♂ (BYUC). Same location, 15-30 April 1992, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (BYUC). Same location, 3-6 May 1993, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (BYUC). Same location, 12-14 May 1993, F.D. Parker, 2♂ (BYUC). Same location, 19 May 1993, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (BYUC). Same location, 24-26 May 1993, 2♂ (BYUC). Same location, 27 May 1992, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (BYUC). Same location, 28-31 May 1993, F.D. Parker, 2♂ (BYUC). Same location, 1- 10 June 1992, F.D. Parker, 2♂ (BYUC). Same location, 11-20 June 1992, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (BYUC). Same location, 14-16 June 1993, F.D. Parker, 4♂ (BYUC). Same location, 18-23 June 1993, F.D. Parker, 5♂ (BYUC). Same location, 23-27 June 1993, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (BYUC). Same location, 21-30 June 1992, F.D. Parker, 3♂ (BYUC). Same location, 17-19 July 1993, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (BYUC). Same location, 21-31 July 1992, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (BYUC). Same location, 8-12 August 1993, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (BYUC). Same location 1-9 October 1992, F.D. Parker, 1♂ (BYUC). Comments. This species was previously known from three sites in Guanacaste Province, Estacion Maritza, Monteverde and Rio Los Ahogados. The new records add another site, also in Guanacaste Province, from which this species is known to occur.
description: Published as part of Stark, Bill P., 2014, Records Of Mesoamerican Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 6-16 in Illiesia 10 (2) on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4760479
description: {"references": ["Stark, B. P. 1998. The Anacroneuria of Costa Rica and Panama (Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111: 551 - 603."]}
Lifts, transfers, and degrees of univariate maps
Creators: name: Brazelton, Thomas
name: McKean, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 14F42. Secondary: 11E12, 15A20, 55M25

description: One can compute the local $\mathbb{A}^1$-degree at points with separable residue field by base changing, working rationally, and post-composing with the field trace. We show that for endomorphisms of the affine line, one can compute the local $\mathbb{A}^1$-degree at points with inseparable residue field by taking a suitable lift of the polynomial and transferring its local degree. We also discuss the general set-up and strategy in terms of the six functor formalism. As an application, we show that trace forms of number fields are local $\mathbb{A}^1$-degrees.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures. Comments welcome!
New 23, 27-dihydroxy-oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins from Anemone Raddeana Regel
Creators: name: Lv, Chongning
name: Zhao, Ying
name: Zhao, Bin
name: Han, Ling
name: Lu, Jincai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Two new 23, 27-dihydroxy-oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins named Raddeanoside Rf and Raddeanoside Rg (1 and 2), along with thirteen known triterpenoid saponins (3–15) were isolated from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana Regel. Their structures were determined by chemical and spectral analysis, including 1 D, 2 D NMR data and HRESIMS. The type of aglycone 23, 27-dihydroxy oleanolic acid is extremely rare in natural products. In addition, the anti-cancer activity for all the compounds were evaluated. Compounds 9 and 10 exhibited significant cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 4.47 and 8.97 μM against human pancreatic cancer lines (PANC-1), while compound 6 with IC50 value of 8.19 μM against human lung lines (A549). The possible structure-activity relationships of these triterpenoid saponins were also tentatively discussed.
Empirical Analysis of EIP-1559: Transaction Fees, Waiting Time, and Consensus Security
Creators: name: Liu, Yulin
name: Lu, Yuxuan
name: Nayak, Kartik
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Zhang, Luyao
name: Zhao, Yinhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A transaction fee mechanism (TFM) is an essential component of a blockchain protocol. However, a systematic evaluation of the real-world impact of TFMs is still absent. Using rich data from the Ethereum blockchain, the mempool, and exchanges, we study the effect of EIP-1559, one of the earliest-deployed TFMs that depart from the traditional first-price auction paradigm. We conduct a rigorous and comprehensive empirical study to examine its causal effect on blockchain transaction fee dynamics, transaction waiting times, and consensus security. Our results show that EIP-1559 improves the user experience by mitigating intrablock differences in the gas price paid and reducing users' waiting times. However, EIP-1559 has only a small effect on gas fee levels and consensus security. In addition, we find that when Ether's price is more volatile, the waiting time is significantly higher. We also verify that a larger block size increases the presence of siblings. These findings suggest new directions for improving TFMs.
Higher derivative asymptotic charges and internal Lorentz symmetries
Creators: name: Godazgar, Mahdi
name: Macaulay, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In line with a recent proposal for the study of asymptotic gravitational charges, we investigate higher derivative asymptotic charges. We show that the higher derivative BMS charges are related to the two-derivative BMS charges. Significantly, we find that internal Lorentz transformations are relevant in the higher derivative case in contrast to the two-derivative case. We give a prescription for their precise definition and derive the associated charges, finding, again, a relation with two-derivative BMS charges.
description: 20 pages
Priors, Hierarchy, and Information Asymmetry for Skill Transfer in Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Salter, Sasha
name: Hartikainen, Kristian
name: Goodwin, Walter
name: Posner, Ingmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ability to discover behaviours from past experience and transfer them to new tasks is a hallmark of intelligent agents acting sample-efficiently in the real world. Equipping embodied reinforcement learners with the same ability may be crucial for their successful deployment in robotics. While hierarchical and KL-regularized reinforcement learning individually hold promise here, arguably a hybrid approach could combine their respective benefits. Key to these fields is the use of information asymmetry across architectural modules to bias which skills are learnt. While asymmetry choice has a large influence on transferability, existing methods base their choice primarily on intuition in a domain-independent, potentially sub-optimal, manner. In this paper, we theoretically and empirically show the crucial expressivity-transferability trade-off of skills across sequential tasks, controlled by information asymmetry. Given this insight, we introduce Attentive Priors for Expressive and Transferable Skills (APES), a hierarchical KL-regularized method, heavily benefiting from both priors and hierarchy. Unlike existing approaches, APES automates the choice of asymmetry by learning it in a data-driven, domain-dependent, way based on our expressivity-transferability theorems. Experiments over complex transfer domains of varying levels of extrapolation and sparsity, such as robot block stacking, demonstrate the criticality of the correct asymmetric choice, with APES drastically outperforming previous methods.
Resilient governance : the politics of nature protection in New Zealand, Norway and Canada's British Columbia
Creators: name: Feditchkina Tracy, Elena
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The degradation and collapse of the Earth’s ecosystems poses a formidable risk for humanity. Yet the effectiveness of political commitments to halt the irreversible loss of species and habitats remains critically low. The key challenge is to make the tough collective political decisions and then to follow through with real actions, despite often extreme resistance. What are the institutional mechanisms that can help increase the likelihood of the successful implementation of nature protection goals? Is decentralized, local-level governance more resilient in eventually meeting established nature protection goals than a centralized one? In attempting to answer these questions, this dissertation will rely on a qualitative analysis of nature protection policies carried out in New Zealand, Norway and British Columbia (Canada) between 1990 and 2012. In the final analysis the research will suggest the following. First, it appears that when dealing with protecting ecoregions defined by high opportunity costs, decentralized governance has very significant limitations that cannot be overcome without political coordination occurring at a higher-level. Among the most important factors for a meaningful adoption and gradual implementation is overcoming the initial discrepancy between the costs and benefits of conservation policies dividing the city and the countryside. A centralized governance offers distinct advantage in terms of bridging the divide between the countryside and the city and ensuring social partnership and cohesion between urban and rural populations over nature protection goals. Overall, resilient nature protection governance is likely to be centralized but one which allows the input of local stakeholders in both decision-making and especially at the stage of implementation. In addition, having open public access to land resources, including over privately owned lands, increases the likelihood of the implementation of conservation policies.
Anacroneuria morsei Stark 2014, sp.n.
Creators: name: Stark, Bill P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria morsei

description: Anacroneuria morsei sp.n. (Figs. 6-10) Material examined. Holotype ♂ (pinned), Costa Rica, Alajuela, Rio La Paz, Rt. 9, 7.6 km N Vara Blanca, 10.208 ° N, 84.166 ° W, 1340 m, 13 February 1986, J. Morse (USNM). Paratype: Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Rio Negro, Parque Nacional Rincón de la Vieja, 10.765 ° N, 85.313 ° W, 810 m, 3 March 1986, R. Holzenthal, Fasth, 1♂ (pinned) (USNM). Adult habitus. General color yellow patterned with brown pigment. Head with dark pigment covering ocelli and extending forward and laterad of callosities; occiput dark behind eyes, lappets and an anteromedian triangular area of frons dark brown. Median pronotal band yellow, lateral areas of disc brown with darker rugosities (Fig. 6). Male. Forewing length 20 mm. Hammer a low mound (Fig. 7). Aedeagal apex weakly trilobed; large mesal lobe truncate or notched at tip, lateral lobes small and covered by conspicuous ventral membranous lobes (Figs. 8-9); hooks slender, dorsal keel absent (Fig. 10) Female. Unknown. Larva. Unknown. Etymology. The patronym honors Dr. John Morse, a distinguished trichopterist, colleague, friend, and collector of the holotype specimen. Diagnosis. The aedeagus of this species is generally similar to that of A. brailovskyi Stark & Kondratieff, 2004 a species known from Mexico (Stark & Kondratieff 2004), however in that species the aedeagal apex is expanded near the tip, the lateral lobes are less distinct and the apical section is not angled ventrad in lateral aspect as in the new species (Fig. 9). The aedeagus of a Costa Rican species, A. exquisita is also similar (Stark 1998) and the new species keys to couplet 11 in Stark (1998) which includes A. exquisita as one of the choices. However, the median lobe of the aedeagal apex is not notched and is more slender than in A. morsei. The new species is also distinct from A. brailovskyi and A. exquisita in head and pronotal pigment patterns (compare Fig. 6 with Fig. 41 in Stark 1998 and Fig. 29 in Stark & Kondratieff 2004).
description: Published as part of Stark, Bill P., 2014, Records Of Mesoamerican Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 6-16 in Illiesia 10 (2) on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4760479
description: {"references": ["Stark, B. P. & B. C. Kondratieff. 2004. Anacroneuria from Mexico and upper Mesoamerica (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, 2: 1 - 64.", "Stark, B. P. 1998. The Anacroneuria of Costa Rica and Panama (Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111: 551 - 603."]}
Temporal Sentence Grounding in Videos: A Survey and Future Directions
Creators: name: Zhang, Hao
name: Sun, Aixin
name: Jing, Wei
name: Zhou, Joey Tianyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Temporal sentence grounding in videos (TSGV), \aka natural language video localization (NLVL) or video moment retrieval (VMR), aims to retrieve a temporal moment that semantically corresponds to a language query from an untrimmed video. Connecting computer vision and natural language, TSGV has drawn significant attention from researchers in both communities. This survey attempts to provide a summary of fundamental concepts in TSGV and current research status, as well as future research directions. As the background, we present a common structure of functional components in TSGV, in a tutorial style: from feature extraction from raw video and language query, to answer prediction of the target moment. Then we review the techniques for multimodal understanding and interaction, which is the key focus of TSGV for effective alignment between the two modalities. We construct a taxonomy of TSGV techniques and elaborate the methods in different categories with their strengths and weaknesses. Lastly, we discuss issues with the current TSGV research and share our insights about promising research directions.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI)
Quantum Computing for Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Gallimore, Daniel
name: Liao, Jinfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a first demonstration for the application of quantum computing to heavy quarkonium spectroscopy study. Based on a Cornell-potential model for the heavy quark and antiquark system, we show how this Hamiltonian problem can be formulated and solved with the VQE approach on the IBM cloud quantum computing platform. Errors due to a global depolarizing noise channel are corrected with a zero-noise extrapolation method, resulting in good agreement with the expected value. We also extend the calculation to excited states on a noiseless quantum simulator by orthogonalization with respect to the ground state.
description: Version accepted by Phys.Rev.D
Supervised machine learning to estimate instabilities in chaotic systems: estimation of local Lyapunov exponents
Creators: name: Ayers, Daniel
name: Lau, Jack
name: Amezcua, Javier
name: Carrassi, Alberto
name: Ojha, Varun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In chaotic dynamical systems such as the weather, prediction errors grow faster in some situations than in others. Real-time knowledge about the error growth could enable strategies to adjust the modelling and forecasting infrastructure on-the-fly to increase accuracy or reduce computation time. One could, e.g., change the ensemble size, or the distribution and type of target observations. Local Lyapunov exponents are known indicators of the rate at which very small prediction errors grow over a finite time interval. However, their computation is very expensive: it requires maintaining and evolving a tangent linear model, orthogonalisation algorithms and storing large matrices. In this feasibility study, we investigate the accuracy of supervised machine learning in estimating the current local Lyapunov exponents, from input of current and recent time steps of the system trajectory, as an alternative to the classical method. Thus machine learning is not used here to emulate a physical model or some of its components, but non intrusively as a complementary tool. We test four popular supervised learning algorithms: regression trees, multilayer perceptrons, convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks. Experiments are conducted on two low-dimensional chaotic systems of ordinary differential equations, the Rössler and the Lorenz 63 models. We find that on average the machine learning algorithms predict the stable local Lyapunov exponent accurately, the unstable exponent reasonably accurately, and the neutral exponent only somewhat accurately. We show that greater prediction accuracy is associated with local homogeneity of the local Lyapunov exponents on the system attractor. Importantly, the situations in which (forecast) errors grow fastest are not necessarily the same as those where it is more difficult to predict local Lyapunov exponents with machine learning.
description: 37 pages, 10 Figures
Theory of magnon-driven spin Seebeck effect
Creators: name: Xiao, Jiang
name: Bauer, Gerrit E. W.
name: Uchida, Ken-ichi
name: Saitoh, Eiji
name: Maekawa, Sadamichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin Seebeck effect is a spin-motive force generated by a temperature gradient in a ferromagnet that can be detected via normal metal contacts through the inverse spin Hall effect [K. Uchida {\it et al.}, Nature {\bf 455}, 778-781 (2008)]. We explain this effect by spin pumping at the contact that is proportional to the spin-mixing conductance of the interface, the inverse of a temperature-dependent magnetic coherence volume, and the difference between the magnon temperature in the ferromagnet and the electron temperature in the normal metal [D. J. Sanders and D. Walton, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 15}, 1489 (1977)].
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. This version is NOT the published PRB but a version with an erratum
Anacroneuria planicollis Klapalek 1923
Creators: name: Stark, Bill P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria
Anacroneuria planicollis

description: Anacroneuria planicollis Klapálek Anacroneuria planicollis Klapálek 1923:22. Lectotype ♂ (National Museum, Prague), Sierra du Naya, Mexico, designation Stark, 1998:582 Anacroneuria planicollis: Stark, 1998:582, redescription and synonymy Material examined. Costa Rica, Heredia, 9 km NE Vara Blanca, 10 ° 14’ N, 84 ° 06’ W, 1450-1550 m, 14 March 2005, S.M. Clark, D.R. Clark, 1♂ (BYUC). Comments. This species is widely distributed from Mexico to Panama (Stark 1998; Stark & Kondratieff 2004) but has not previously been reported from Heredia Province in Costa Rica.
description: Published as part of Stark, Bill P., 2014, Records Of Mesoamerican Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With Descriptions Of Four New Species, pp. 6-16 in Illiesia 10 (2) on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4760479
description: {"references": ["Klapalek, F. 1923. Plecopteres nouveaux. Cinquieme partie. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 63: 21 - 29.", "Stark, B. P. 1998. The Anacroneuria of Costa Rica and Panama (Insecta: Plecoptera: Perlidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111: 551 - 603.", "Stark, B. P. & B. C. Kondratieff. 2004. Anacroneuria from Mexico and upper Mesoamerica (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, 2: 1 - 64."]}