Zimankos madagascarensis Moczar 1970, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Barbosa, Diego N.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Zimankos
Zimankos madagascarensis

description: Zimankos madagascarensis (Móczár, 1970), comb. nov.
(Figs 53–56, 66, 87, 88)
Sulcomesitius madagascarensis: Móczár 1970, 62: 319–320 (description, Ƥ); Móczár 1970,16: 410 (key, Ƥ), 422 (citation); Móczár 1971, 17: 327 (list), 331 (index); Móczár 1977, 23: 141 (key), 163 (fig. 5).
Material examined. MADAGASCAR, Majunga Prov [ince], 1 3, Ampijoroa National Park 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 0 4, elev[ation] 43m, 9–20 November 2003, 16 °19.16'S, 46°48.80'E, California Acad[emy] of Sciences, collector: Rin'ha Harin'Hala, Malaise trap—in deciduous forest [collection code:] MA-25-23, CASENT 2116694 (CASC); 3 3, Besalampy District, Marofototra palm forest 17 km W of Besalampy, 24 Sept [ember]– 1 Oct [ober] 2007, 16°43.30'S, 44°25.42’E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, palm trees on sand, el[evation] 35 ft, Malaise, [collection code:] MG-42B-01, CASENT 2062479, 2114039 and 2115861 (CASC); 2 3, Besalampy District, Marofototra dry forest 17 km W of Besalampy, 1–8 October 2007, 16 °43.30'S, 44°25.42’E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Malaise dry wash in forest, elev[ation] 170 ft, [collection code:] MG-42A-02, CASENT 2113139 and 2115936 (CASC); 3 3, Besalampy District, Marofototra dry forest, 17 km W of Besalampy, 19–26 November 2007, 16 °43.30'S, 44°25.42’E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Malaise dry wash in forest, elev[ation] 170 ft, [collection code:] MG-42A-09, CASENT 2103924, 2112665, 2114913 and 2115832 (CASC); 3 3, Besalampy District, Marofototra dry forest 17 km W of Besalampy, 10–17 December 2007, 16 °43.30'S, 44°25.42’E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Malaise dry wash in forest, elev[ation] 170 ft, [collection code:] MG-42A-12, CASENT 2112123, 2115794 and 2115937 (CASC); 1 3, Besalampy District, Marofototra dry forest, 17 km W of Besalampy, 4–11 February 2008, 16 °43.30'S, 44°25.42’E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Malaise dry wash in forest, elev[ation] 170 ft, [collection code:] MG-42A-20, CASENT 2114090 (CASC); 7 3, Besalampy District, Marofototra dry forest 17 km W of Besalampy, 7–14 July 2008, 16 °43.30'S, 44°25.42’E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Malaise dry wash in forest, elev[ation] 170 ft, [collection code:] MG-42A-28, CASENT 2083511, 2089600, 2113712, 2114636, 2115834, 2115845 and 2115879 (CASC); 4 3, Besalampy District, Marofototra dry forest 17 km W of Besalampy, 11–18 August 2008, 16 °43.30'S, 44°25.42’E, Calif[ornia Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Malaise dry wash in forest, elev[ation] 170 ft, [collection code:] MG-42A-33 CASENT 2086924, 2114857, 2115946 and 2115989 (CASC); 1 3, Besalampy District, Marofototra dry forest 17 km W of Besalampy, 8–15 September 2008, 16 °43.30'S, 44°25.42’E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Malaise dry wash in forest, elev[ation] 170 ft, [collection code:] MG-42A-37, CASENT 2115951 (CASC); 4 3, Besalampy District, Marofototra dry forest 17 km W of Besalampy, 6–13 October 2008, 16 °43.30'S, 44°25.42’E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Malaise dry wash in forest, elev[ation] 170 ft, [collection code:] MG-42A-41, CASENT 2062293, 2103950, 2114023 and 2115884 (CASC); 2 3, Maintirano District Asondrodava dry forest 15 km N of Maintirano, 15–22 October 2007, 17 °57.92'S, 44°02.13’ E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Malaise dry forest at dune, elev[ation] 200 ft., [collection code:] MG-43B-03, CASENT 2084937 and 2115935 (CASC); 4 3, Maintirano District, Asondrodava dry forest 15 km N of Maintirano, 10–17 December 2007, 17 °57.92'S, 44°02.13’E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Malaise dry forest at dune, elev[ation] 200 ft., [collection code:] MG-43B-11, CASENT 2089555, 2111717, 2114872 and 2115947 (CASC); Mahajanga Prov [ince], 1 3, Parc National d'Ankarafantsika, Forêt de Tsimaloto 18.3 km 46° NE de Tsaramandroso, elev[ation] 135 m, 2–8 April 2001, 16 °13'41''S, 46°8'37''E, California Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors:] Fisher, Griswold et al., sifted litter in tropical dry forest [collection] code: BLF3600, CASENT 2112315 (CASC); 1 3, D'Ankarafantska N[ational] P[arc] Ammpijoroa Sta. Forestière, 40 m, 306° NW Andranofasika, [elevation] 130 m, 26.iii–1. iv.2001, 16 °19.15’S, 46°48.36’E, Fisher, Griswold et al., [collection code:] BLF3522, CASENT 2172755 (CASC); 1 3, Parc National de Namoroka 17.8 km 329° Vilanandro, 8–12.xi.2002, 16°22.36’S, 45°19.36’E, [elevation] 100 m, Fisher, Griswold et al. col[lecto]rs, trap tropical dry forest, CAS, [collection code:] BLF6506, CASENT 2172768 (CASC); 1 3, Parc National de Namoroka 17.8 km 329° Vilanandro, 8–12.xi.2002, 16°22.36’S, 45° 19.36E, [elevation] 100 m, M[alaise] T[rap], Fisher, Griswold et al. [collection code:] BLF6508, CASENT 2172772 (CASC); 2 3, Parc National Namoroka 9.8 km 300° WNW Vilanandro, 4–8.xi.2002, 16°28.00’S, 045°21.00’E, Fisher, Griswold et al. col[lecto]rs, Malaise trap, [elevation] 140 m, CAS, [collection code:] BLF6445, CASENT 2172765 and 2172766 (CASC); 1 3, Res[ervé] Spec[ialé] Bemarivo 23.8 km 223° SW Besalampy, 19–23.xi.2002, 16°55.30’S, 44°22.06’E, Fisher, Griswold et al., M[alaise] T[rap], [elevation] 30 m, [collection code:] BLF6693, CASENT 2172774 (CASC); 3 3, P[arc] N[ational] Tsingy de Bemaraha 2.5 km 62° ENE Bekopaka Ankidrodroa, 11–15.xi.2001, [elevation] 100 m, 19°07.56’S, 44°48.53’E, Fisher, Griswold et al. col[lecto]rs M[alaise] T[rap], [collection code:] BLF4345, CASENT 2071592, 2071593 and 2071597 (CASC); 5 3, P[arc] N[ational] Tsingy de Bemahara 3.4 km 93° E Bekopaka Tombeau Vazimba, 6–10.xi.2001, 19°08.31’S, 44° 49.41E, [elevation] 50 m, Fisher, Griswold et al., M[alaise] T[rap], [collection code:] BLF4233, CASENT 2071817, 2071856, 2071865, 2071884 and 2071887 (CASC); Tulear [Province], 1 3, Beroboka village 45 km NE Morondava, elev[ation] 430 ft, 30 Oct [ober]– 6 Nov [ember] 2007, 19° 58.65'S, 44° 39.92’E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Antsarongaza dry forest Malaise, [collection code:] MG-45A-07, CASENT 2061200 (CASC); 1 3, Beroboka village 45 km NE Morondava, elev[ation] 430 ft, 22–30 December 2007, 19 °58.65'S, 44°39.92’E, Calif[ornia] Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ectors]: M.Irwin, R.Harin'Hala, Antsarongaza dry forest Malaise, [collection code:] MG-45A-14, CASENT 2115813 (CASC).
This species was known only from females. Now we got a large series of males. However, no females have been gotten in this series of collection.
Description of male (hitherto unknown) (Fig. 53). Body 6.46 mm. LFW 4.25 mm.
Colour. Scape, pedicel, mandible, procoxa and trochanters castaneous; head and tegula orange; mesosoma orange with propodeum dark castaneous nearly black; palpi, flagellum, wing venation, mesocoxa, metacoxa, profemur, mesofemur, metafemur, protibia, mesotibia, metatibia, tarsi and metasoma dark castaneous; wings twicebanded.
Head (Fig. 54). Head wider than long, globoid [in lateral view]. Malar space shorter than VOL, parallel. Mandible with three sharpened apical teeth, equally wide in your extension; lower margin straight; lower tooth longer than immediately upper teeth, lower tooth wider than others. Clypeus with median lobe delimitated, quadrate; lateral lobe present, shorter than median lobe, rounded; median clypeal carina arched, complete, straight shape [in dorsal view], above torulus. Intertorular distance less than torulus diameter. Antenna with conspicuous pubescence, erect, sparse, medium; scape slightly curved, with same diameter across extension; pedicel longer than wide, rectangular; first flagellomere longer than pedicel, longer than others; flagellomeres long, cylindrical shape; first five antennal segments in ratio of about 46:23:35:28:28. Frons strongly foveolate. Eye small, round, hairy, its contour protuberant. Ocellar triangle compact, with frontal angle acute; composed by ocelli large; with ocellar fovea present, wide. Temple profile parallel, vertex straight, its corner rounded. Palpi caliciform, cylindrical. Hypostomal carina forming obtuse angle. Dorsal half of occipital carina present, high, with side foveolate; ventral half of occipital carina present, complete, high, with side foveolate. LH 0.81 ×WH. WF 1.36 × HE. WF 0.54 × WH. OOL 0.86 × WOT. VOL 0.59 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 1.5 × DAO.
Mesosoma (Figs 55, 56). Pronotal disc 0.75 × as long as wide; densely foveolate; plate groove present, but incomplete; anterior slope straight; anterior margin straight, with anterior corner angled; trapezoidal shaped, with side straight; longitudinal pronotal furrow present, complete, deep; posterior margin straight. Propleuron with epicoxal sulcus, deep, foveolate. Pleurosternum with epicoxal sulcus, foveolate. Mesoscutum foveolate, long; longitudinal mesoscutal furrow well impressed; notaulus complete, convergent posteriorly, deep, narrow, polished; parapsidal furrow incomplete, well impressed, parallel. Scutellar groove narrow, fused with axilla, arched, not dilated at ends; scutoscutellar sulcus conspicuous; scutellum medium, foveolate, plane, not touching propodeal disc, with longitudinal median furrow; axilla polished, shallow. Metanotum overlapping lateral region of scutellum. Propodeal disc shorter than half width, with central fovea fused with propodeal triangle fovea; median carina complete; with longitudinal ridge between median and inner discal carinae; sublateral and inner discal carina fused anteriorly; spiracle elliptical; inner discal carina complete; sublateral carina present; lateral carina present; lateral margin sculpture coriaceous; posterior carina complete; posterior spine of propodeum present, long, thin, divergent. Declivity of propodeum areolate, with median carina, with lateral carina. Lateral surface of propodeum strigate, with superior carina, not penetrating at spine, with posterior carina. Mesopleuron foveolate, with subtegular fovea continuous with episternal furrow; mesopleural sulcus present, complete, foveolate; episternal furrow with inner margin foveolate.
Wings. Macropterous. Tegula separated of mesoscutum. Fore wing with sparse pilosity; with costal cell very narrow and longitudinally folded; median cell as long as submedian cell; basal vein straight; transverse median vein biangulate; stigma subdeveloped, with distal margin truncate; radial vein slightly curved forward, giving raise at distal margin of stigma. Hind wing with costal vein long; with anal vein long; with one proximal hamuli; with five distal hamuli, first hamuli widely separated from others.
Legs. Metacoxa with dorsal expansion, without ventral expansion. Protibia short [1.5× first tarsomere length], with protibial spur short [shorter than half length of first tarsomere]. Tarsi with tarsomeres 1–4 progressively shorter distad, cylindrical; tarsal claw with two sharpened teeth, curved posterad; arolium simple, apex rounded, and large.
Metasoma. 1.6 × longer than wide; tergum 1 with ventral region areolate, with lap of lateral margin, with sparse lateral pilosity; tergum 2 with dorsal region punctured, with sparse lateral pilosity, with ventral region punctured; terga 3–6 with dorsal region coriaceous, with ventral region coriaceous; with posterior margin of tergites straight, with sparse setae at posterior margin of terga 2–6. Hypopygium (Fig. 66) longer than wide; with hypopygial median stalk partial divided; lateral margin parallel, and slightly convex; with posterior margin bilobate with median indentation, strongly concave, with filamentous branch.
Genitalia (Figs 87, 88). Genital ring protruding dorsally, with distal margin rounded and emarginated. Basivolsella fully outlined from basiparamere, with sparse line of hairs. Paramere fully divided into two arms; dorsal arm of paramere shorter than ventral arm, club-shaped, and with basal margin thin; ventral arm of paramere slender, apex sparse hairy, inner margin concave. Cuspis birramous, with arms slightly indistinct; ventral arm aligned with dorsal arm apex, slender, and thin, with apex rounded; dorsal arm wide, and with apex rounded. Aedeagus slender; with pair of apical lobes, with apex aligned with paramere apex, lobes touching each other, with apical margin rounded, lateral of margin of basal portion slightly convex; apodeme parallel, with base with outer margin excavated.
Variations. Body length 4.93–6.46 mm; fore wing length 3.11–4.25 mm. Mesosoma orange. Mesonotum with mesoscutum with longitudinal mesoscutal furrow weakly impressed; scutellum with longitudinal furrow weakly impressed. Propodeum with posterior spine slightly thick. Hind coxa with ventral expansion.
Remarks. Zimankos was recently proposed by Argaman (2003) based on type species only, Mesitius alluaudi Kieffer, 1913. This species fits in Zimankos concept because of the following combination of characters: body orange, upper side of flagellum dark castaneous, body sparsely covered with short white setae. Posterior margin of tergum 1 with a small setae, also tergum 2 with a narrow band of white setae posteriorly. Head anterior margin of clypeus distinctly protruding and rounded laterally with a very sharp and high keel medially, with temple distinctly convergent, occipital carina high, ocelli with fovea, surface of head with distinct but not deep punctures, contour of punctures indistinct, eyes large and rounded, separated from mandibles by about two thirds distance of its length. Pronotum distinctly wider than long, anterior corners rounded, side only slightly concave and punctured, longitudinal pronotal furrow deep but ending before posterior margin. Mesoscutum with longitudinal mesoscutal furrow present and weak, notaulus very deep. Scutellum with scutellar groove narrow, arched and without end dilation. Propodeum remarkably shorter than half diameter, propodeal spines acute and short, all carinae distinct. Tergum 2 polished at its base and very fine, but rather densely punctured. Because of that we transferred Sulcomesitius madagascarensis to Zymankos (Z.madagascarensis comb. nov.).
description: Published as part of Barbosa, Diego N. & Azevedo, Celso O., 2012, Revision of Mesitiinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar, with description of eleven new species, pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 3417 on pages 33-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246276