Syneches applanatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Menezes, Isis Sá
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Syneches
Syneches applanatus

description: Syneches applanatus sp. nov.
(Figs 19–25, 105, 118)
Diagnosis. Ocellar triangle flat. Scutum high and rounded, dark brown. Femora enlarged; legs yellow, except coxae, trochanters, basal 3/4 of fore and mid femora and hind femur and tarsomere 5 brown; hind tibia with brown medial ring, hind tarsomere 1 brown with base and apex yellow, hind femur with spine-like AD and AV setae. Wing sub-hyaline, light brown; pterostigma brown, small and rounded, at apex of cell r1.
Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 3.5 mm. Wing: 2.7 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle flat. Face brown with gray pruinescence. Antenna brown with dense reddish brown setulae; pedicel with long brown marginal setae, lower setae larger than postpedicel; postpedicel ovate, 1.3 times longer than wide, small, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, one dorsal and one external medial seta longer than postpedicel; stylus about three times length of antenna, bare on distal 1/3. Proboscis light brown; palpus light brown, elongate, 1/3 length of proboscis, one apical and one ventral medial long seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum with elongate, brown and sparse marginal setae. Scutum high, same height as mesopleuron, rounded; dark brown with paler dot on posterior margin of postpronotal lobe and postalar callus, prescutellar disc covered with reddish brown dense pruinescence with dorsocentral stripe of yellowish-gray pruinescence; setae short, sparse, larger on prescutellar disc, 6 series of acrostichal setae, 1 series dorsocentral; scutellum dark brown with gray pruinescence. Pleura brown with lower portion of anepimeron and upper portion of meron paler, with golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 long and stout dc and 3–4 slender acr, 2/3 length of dc, on prescutellar disc; 2 long and stout npl; 1 long and stout pal; scutellum with long setae, 1 stout subapical pair, 1 apical pair about half-length of subapical pair and 3 weak lateral setae similar to apical pair. Legs. Femora and hind tarsomere 1 enlarged, hind tibia enlarged on apical 1/3. Legs yellow, except coxae, trochanters, basal 3/4 of fore and mid femora and hind femur and tarsomere 5 brown; hind tibia with brown medial ring, hind tarsomere 1 brown with base and apex yellow. Fore tibia with AD and PV rows of long setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 AD and 1 PD preapical long seta; PV row of long and stout setae. Mid tibia with 1 AD seta before middle, about 2/3 length of tibia; 1 apical AV seta equal in length to tarsomere 1; 1 long median AV seta, about 3/4 length of tibia; 1 apical PV seta, equal in length to tarsomere 1; setae on PV and AV surfaces slightly longer. Mid tarsomere 1 with stout PV, V and AV setae. Hind femur with 3 long and spine-like AD setae on apical half; 5 AV and 2 V preapical spine-like setae and 1 elongated PV seta. Hind tibia with one median and one preapical AD seta; 1 apical PD; 1 AV and 1 A moderately long apical seta and row of long and slender AV setae. Hind tarsomere 1 with 1 D preapical and rows of stout A and AV setae. Wing (Fig. 105). Sub-hyaline, light brown; pterostigma brown, small and rounded, at apex of cell r1; apex of vein R2+3 distinctly curved upward. Abdomen. About three times length of thorax. Dark brown, sub-shiny, with brown-reddish brown pruinescence. Dorsal and ventral setae short and sparse, abundant and long laterally on tergites, a few stout apical setae from tergites 2–4. Tergite 8 short, 2.5 times wider than long (Fig.
22); sternite 8 trapezoidal, with apical seta longer and stout. Terminalia (Figs 19–21): hypandrium elongate with rounded and wide base, apex with sharp medial lobe and short apical seta; epandrial lamella with moderately long setae; phallus long with rounded apex and long lateral protuberance, well sclerotized; postgonite simple, wide and shorter than phallus. Female. As in male, except hind femur with more slender AV setae and covering setae more sparse. Terminalia (Figs 24, 25): elongate; sternite 8 narrowed towards base, with central portion unsclerotized and bearing short apical setae; cercus robust and long, 2/3 length of tergite 10.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, PDBFF /WWF Proj[eto]: Bert Klein / Reserve 1301 / ii.1985, Malaise / Holótipo, Syneches applanatus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha (red label). Condition of holotype: antennae lost. PARATYPES: BRASIL. Amazonas, Manaus, PDBFF /WWF, Proj. Bert Klein, viii.1985, Malaise, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); idem, x.1984, Reserve 1112 (3 ♀, 1 ♂, INPA); idem, ix.1984, Reserve 1112 (1 ♂, INPA); idem, xi.1985, Reserve 1301 (1 ♂, MZUSP; 1 ♀, INPA); iv.1986, Reserve 1301 (1 ♂, 4 ♀, INPA); ii.1987, Reserve 1208 (1 ♀, INPA); x.1985, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); vii.1986, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, MZUSP; 1 ♀, INPA); xii.1985, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); vii.1985, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); iii.1986, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); vi.1985, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); i.1986, Reserve 1301 (1 ♀, INPA); BR-174, ZF—6, Km 41, 4– 12.xi.1991, F. Xavier (1 ♂, INPA).
Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 118).
Comments. Some specimens are paler, possibly because they have been stored in alcohol; the amount of setae on the hind femur varies from two to more. This species is similar to S. repletus in having ocellar triangle flat, enlarged hind femur with spine-like setae, rounded and small pterostigma at the end of cell r1 and hind femur more slender on females; it can be differentiated from that species by the yellow legs with basal 3/4 of fore and mid femora; hind femur and tarsomere 5 brown; hind tibia with brown medial ring; hind tarsomere 1 brown with base and apex yellow; male abdomen without long and curly setae on the last tergites; and aspects of male terminalia. In S. repletus the legs are yellow with distal 1/2 of hind tibia and femur brown and abdomen bearing long and curly setae on the last tergites.
Etymology. From the Latin, applanatus = flattened, in reference to the flat ocellar triangle.
description: Published as part of Menezes, Isis Sá & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2016, Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), pp. 401-442 in Zootaxa 4103 (5) on pages 409-411, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267788