Papers from the Conference on the Standardisation of Asian Languages, Manila, Philippines, December 16-21, 1974
Creators: name: Perez, A.Q. (Ed.)
name: Santiago, A.O. (Ed.)
name: Nguyễn Đăng (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1978

description: C-47
description: Contents iiiCONFERENCE PAPERS 1{Al Q. Perez} 3THE QUEST FOR LANGUAGE UNIVERSAL IS ON.{President Ferdinand E. Marcos} 5NATIONAL LANGUAGE AND UNITY.{Ponciano B.P. Pineda} 11A DICTIONARY IN THE MAKING: STANDARDISATION OF PILIPINO/FILIPINO AND THE LAW.{S. Takdir Alisjahbana} 19THE CONCEPT OF LANGUAGE STANDARDISATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE. 1. Standardisation as Problem of Social Behaviour 19 2. The Standardisation of Modern Languages 20 3. Problems of Language Standardisation of the Young Asian Nations 21 4. The Indonesian Linguistic Situation 22 5. The Birth of the Indonesian Language and its Earlier Development 23 6. A Reformulation of the Concept of Standardisation 26 7. The Indonesian Word and Syllabic Structure 27 8. Standardisation of Vocabulary on an International Level 29 9. The Standardisation of Grammar 30 10. What is Modernisation? 32 11. The Characteristics of Modern Culture 33 12. The Standardisation of the Affixes 34 13. The Problems of the Derivation of Loan Words 36 14. Abstract Concepts 37 15. The Change in the Syntax 39 16. The Perspective of the Unification and Standardisation of the Indonesian and Malaysian Language 39{Abdullah Hassan} 43DICTIONARY MAKING AND THE STANDARDISATION OF MALAY (BAHASA MALAYSIA). 1. Background Information 43 1.1. Sociolinguistic Situation in Malaysia 43 1.2. The National Language Situation 44 1.2.1. The Choice of a National Language 44 1.2.2. Implementation of the National Language Policy 46 2. Malay Dictionaries Yesterday and Today 49 2.1. Dictionary Broadly Defined 49 2.2. Survey of Malay Dictionaries in the Past 50 2.2.1. Word Lists 50 2.2.2. Dictionary and Grammar 51 2.2.3. Dictionary Proper 52 2.3. Survey of Malay Dictionaries Recently Published 53 2.3.1. Monolingual Dictionaries 54 2.3.2. Bilingual Dictionaries 54 2.3.3. Dictionaries for Special Purpose 54 2.3.4. Other Projects 55 2.3.5. Special Purpose Dictionaries (Technical Terms) 55 2.4. The Kamus Dewan 57 2.5. Need for a New Dictionary to Standardise Bahasa Malaysia 60 2.5.1. The Need for a New Monolingual Dictionary 60 2.5.2. Etymology 61 2.5.3. Spelling and Pronunciation 61 2.5.4. Grammar 64 3. Role of Dictionary in Standardisation 66 3.1. What is Standardisation 66 3.2. Dual Role of Dictionaries in Standardisation 67 3.3. Need for Updating Dictionaries to Keep up with Language Changes 68 4. Conclusion 68Bibliography 69Dictionaries 71{Dr. Hengtse Tu} 73THE PROBLEM OF A STANDARD ROMANISATION SYSTEM OF MANDARIN CHINESE. 1. Fundamental Principles 74 2. A Standard Romanisation System 76{Takuji Sasaki} 77ON THE STANDARDISATION OF LANGUAGES. 1. Dialects and Common Language 77 1.1. Distinction between the General Ideas of the Rules of Dialect and Common Language 78 1.2. The Difference in the Linguistic Aspect 79 2. The Common Language and the Standard Language 82 3. Standardisation and Education for the Standard Language 84Bibliography 91{Yahaya Ismail} 93THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE OF MALAYSIA.{Lars S. Vikör} 105LANGUAGE STANDARDISATION AND NATIONALISM. 1. Historical Survey: Functions of Language Standardisation 105 2. An Alternative Situation: The Case of Norway 109 3. The Language Problem of the Newly Independent States 114 4. The Standardisation of Bahasa Indonesia - Problems and Perspectives 116 4.1. Selection of a Norm 116 4.2. Codification of Form 117 4.3. Elaboration of Function 119 4.4. Acceptance by the Society 123 5. Conclusion 125Bibliography 128{Andrew Gonzalez} 131THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF THE DISSEMINATION OF PILIPINO: A FIRST STEP TOWARDS STANDARDISATION. 1. Introduction: A Prior Question: Dissemination for Standardisation 131 2. Pilipino (Tagalog) and its Dissemination 133 3. Review of Studies 134 3.1. Data from School System Surveys 135 3.1.1. Language Policy Survey of the Philippines 135 3.1.2. A Study on Teacher Preferences on the Use of Pilipino as Medium of Instruction 138 3.1.3. Assessing Resources for Bilingual Education: A Report 138 3.1.4. Summary of Surveys 141 3.2. Migration Patterns Study 142 3.3. Mass Media Studies 143 3.3.1. The Manila Complex Study 143 3.3.2. Mass Media Data 145 3.3.2.1. Radio 145 3.3.2.2. Television 148 3.3.2.2.1. 1974 Media Factbook Findings 148 3.3.2.2.2. Content Analysis of Current TV Programmes 148 3.3.2.2.3. Philippine Mass Communication Research Society Survey Findings 149 3.3.3. Movies 151 3.3.4. Print Media: Newspapers, Magazines, and Books 152 3.3.4.1. Newspapers 152 3.3.4.2. Magazines 153 3.3.4.3. Books 154 3.4. Recent PSSC Survey 1972 154 3.5. Census Results 156 4. Conclusions 157Appendix A 159Bibliography 165{Astuti Hendrato-Darmosugito} 167DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL LANGUAGES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE. 1. Bahasa Indonesia as National Language 167 2. Development of the Regional Languages 169 3. Preservation of the Javanese Language 170 4. Activities in the Field of Javanese Language and Literature 171 4.1. The Teaching of Javanese at School 171 4.2. Spelling System of Javanese with Latin Characters 171 4.3. Transliteration 171 4.4. Translation 172Bibliography 176Magazines 177{Fe T. Otanes} 179THE STANDARDISATION OF SCIENCE TERMS IN PILIPINO. 1. The LSC Study, 1971 181 2. The Rivero and Labigan Study, 1974 185Appendix 187{Sisir Kumar Das} 193STANDARDISATION OF HINDI AND BENGALI.Bibliography 204{Virgilio G. Enriquez} 207ON THE STANDARDISATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TERMS IN PILIPINO. 1. Demands for and Issues Relevant to the Development and Standardisation of Philippine Psychological Literatures 209 2. Preliminary Stages of Standardisation in Psychological Terminology 209{S.W. Rudjiati Muljadi} 213THE STANDARDISATION OF BAHASA INDONESIA.Bibliography 218{Wissanu Rawangking} 219THE USE OF STANDARD THAI IN SCHOOLS. 1. Introduction 219 2. Standard Thai 221 3. Conclusion 223{Asmah Haji Omar} 225THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE STANDARDISATION IN THE COINING OF TECHNICAL TERMS IN BAHASA MALAYSIA.{Hans Kaehler} 243STANDARDISATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEWSPAPERS' BAHASA INDONESIA.{Bonifacio P. Sibayan} 251LANGUAGE STANDARDISATION AS A COMPONENT OF LANGUAGE PLANNING: A SUGGESTED TYPOLOGY.Bibliography 259Appendix 263{James R. Chamberlain} 267LANGUAGE STANDARDISATION IN LAOS.Appendix I 270Appendix II 273Bibliography 274{Jack C. Richards} 275SIMPLIFICATION: A STRATEGY IN THE ADULT ACQUISITION OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: AN EXAMPLE FROM INDONESIAN/MALAY.Bibliography 285{Nelia G. Casambre} 287LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LANGUAGE STANDARDISATION. 1. Language Teaching 288 2. Language Standardisation 289 3. Problems of Language Teaching Today 292 4. The Role of Language Teaching in Language Standardisation 293 5. Recommendations 295{Amran Halim} 297THE VERNACULAR LANGUAGES IN RELATION TO THE STANDARDISATION OF BAHASA INDONESIA.Bibliography 302{Harimurti Kridalaksana} 305SPELLING REFORM 1972: A STAGE IN THE PROCESS OF STANDARDISATION OF BAHASA INDONESIA. 1. Introduction 305 2. A Short History of Indonesian Spelling 305 3. The Evolution of Indonesian Spelling 307 3.1. Principles of the Spelling Systems 308 3.2. The Choice of Graphs 308 3.3. The Naming of the Graphs 310 3.4. The Scope of Spelling Standardisation 312 4. The Implementation of the Improved Spelling 1972 313 5. Concluding Remarks 315Bibliography 317{Alfonso O. Santiago} 319PHONEMICITY OF PILIPINO ORTHOGRAPHIC SYSTEM: A BLESSING OR A CURSE? 1. Background 319 1.1. Introduction 319 1.2. The Contact Situation: A Capsule History 320 1.3. Samples of Spoken Pil 322 2. Standardisation and the Problem of Borrowing 323 2.1. The Incompatibility of Pil and Eng Orthographies 325 2.2. Standardisation vs. Phonemic or Non-phonemic Orthography 326 2.3. Reading vs. Phonemic and Non-phonemic Orthographies 326 3. Reasons Why Pil Borrows from Eng 327 3.1. The Need Factor 328 3.2. The Prestige Factor 328 3.3. The Orientation Factor 328 4. Barriers to Borrowing 329 5. Borrowing: Pil Style 330 5.1. Style 1: Borrowing via Spa 330 5.2. Style 2: Borrowing Direct from Eng with Spelling Adaptation 331 5.3. Style 3: Borrowing Direct from Eng with no Spelling Adaptation 333 6. Concluding Statements 334Bibliography 336{Nguyẽn Dăng Liêm} 339THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE POLICY AND THE MINORITY GROUPS IN THE REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM. 1. Vietnamese and the National Education Policy 339 2. Minority Languages, Status, and Scripts 341 2.1. Southern Montagnard Languages 341 2.2. Northern Montagnard Languages 342 2.3. Cham 343 2.4. Khmer 343 3. The Minority Group Education Programme 343 3.1. Textbook Preparation and Curriculum 343 3.2. Teacher Training and Supervision 346 3.3. Current Status 346Bibliography 348Appendix 1 349Appendix 2 350Appendix 3 356{Ernest W. Lee} 357DIGLOT TEXTBOOKS AND DICTIONARIES AS A MEANS TO THE ASSIMILATION OF THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE OF VIET NAM. 1. Introduction 357 2. Basic Approaches for Assimilating the National Language 358 3. The Monolingual Approach for Viet Nam's Ethnic Minorities 360 4. The Bilingual Approach for Viet Nam's Ethnic Minorities 361 5. Implementation and Evaluation of the Bilingual Approach in Viet Nam 363 6. Conclusion 364Bibliography 366{Alfonso O. Santiago} 367REMARKS.{Al Q. Perez} 371CLOSING ADDRESS: A FRUITFUL GATHERING.%BACK 373APPENDIX - CONFERENCE PROGRAMME 373Opening Ceremony 375Closing Ceremony 381Conference Officials 382Addresses of Speakers 383Papers Submitted at Conference 385