cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of color flow duplex imaging for proximal upper extremity venous outflow obstruction in hemodialysis patients
Creators: name: Farber, Mark
name: Passman, Marc
name: Keagy, Blair
name: Burnham, Steven
name: Burnham, Cynthia
name: Criado, Enrique
name: Risley, Geoff
name: Marston, William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Purpose: The efficacy of color flow duplex imaging (CFDI) in detecting proximal upper extremity venous outflow obstruction in hemodialysis patients was compared with that of traditional contrast venography. Methods: From 1993 through 1997, all hemodialysis patients who were evaluated for upper extremity venous outflow obstruction of the axillary, subclavian, or brachiocephalic veins with both CFDI and venography were identified. Medical history, hemodialysis access procedures, and indications for imaging were reviewed. The diagnostic accuracy of CFDI was compared with that of venography for proximal venous outflow obstruction, including focal stricture, partial obstruction, or complete occlusion. Results: Sixty upper extremities in 42 hemodialysis patients were imaged with both CFDI and venography. Previous ipsilateral intravenous dialysis catheters had been present in 33 (55%) of the extremities imaged; current catheters were present in 16 (27%) of the extremities imaged; and 28 (67%) of the extremities imaged had a current ipsilateral arteriovenous (AV) shunt. Five (8%) of the 60 duplex scans were nondiagnostic because of artifact from intravenous dialysis catheters (3) or incomplete visualization of the subclavian or brachiocephalic veins (2) and were excluded from further analysis. In the remaining 55 duplex scans, proximal venous outflow obstruction was found in 18 (33%), compared with 21 (38%) identified by means of venography (P = not significant [NS]). Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for CFDI were 81%, 97%, 94%, and 89%, respectively. Conclusion: CFDI is a reliable means of detecting proximal upper extremity venous outflow obstruction and should replace contrast venography as the initial imaging study in hemodialysis patients. (J Vasc Surg 1998;28:869-75.)
Meaning in derogatory social practices
Creators: name: Mühlebach, Deborah
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: derogatory terms
subject: inferentialist semantics
subject: Robert Brandom
subject: slurs
subject: structural derogation
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::100 Philosophie::102 Verschiedenes

description: Verbal derogation is not only a linguistic but also, and perhaps more importantly, a political phenomenon. In this paper, I argue that to do justice to the political relevance of derogatory terms, we must not neglect the social practices and structures in which the use of these terms is embedded. I aim to show that inferentialist semantics is especially helpful to account for this social embeddedness and, consequently, the political relevance of derogatory terms. I am concerned with specifying the linguistic and political aspects of terms that are at the core of derogatory language use. I explain them with the help of Brandomian inferentialism, which tends to be quickly dismissed or ignored in discussions about the meaning of derogatory terms. My inferentialist account is in line with Lynne Tirrell's broader inferentialist framework for understanding derogatory communicative practices. I provide the semantic details of her broader inferentialist view and thereby aim to show that inferentialist semantics is a promising theory which cannot be neglected in further discussion of meaning and politics in derogatory language use.
(100379) Jane Lunn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Air connectivity and regional employment: a spatial econometrics approach
Creators: name: Lenaerts, Bert
name: Allroggen, Florian
name: Malina, Robert
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: While there is ample evidence for the existence of positive wider economic impacts of air transportation, the associated spatial distribution of these impacts has received less attention. This paper uses a spatial–econometric approach with instrumental variables on European NUTS-3-level panel data to study the spatial distribution of the impacts of air transport access on a subset of service-sector employment that is not directly affected by activity in the aviation industry. While the spatially resolved approach confirms previous findings that regions close to an airport experience service-sector employment increases due to improved air transport access, we also find evidence for the presence of an agglomeration shadow, that is, negative employment effects for regions further away from an airport. The average total impact of connectivity increases on service employment is found to be positive.
Positive Lyapunov Exponent in the Hopf Normal Form with Additive Noise
Creators: name: Chemnitz, Dennis
name: Engel, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Positive Lyapunov Exponent
subject: Hopf Normal Form
subject: Additive Noise
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: We prove the positivity of Lyapunov exponents for the normal form of a Hopf bifurcation, perturbed by additive white noise, under sufficiently strong shear strength. This completes a series of related results for simplified situations which we can exploit by studying suitable limits of the shear and noise parameters. The crucial technical ingredient for making this approach rigorous is a result on the continuity of Lyapunov exponents via Furstenberg–Khasminskii formulas.
Regional growth and absorption speed of EU funds: when time isn’t money
Creators: name: Dicharry, Benoit
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper discusses the effects of European Union (EU) funds on gross domestic product growth by analysing the causal impact of regional absorption speed. The analysis is conducted using a regression discontinuity design approach with heterogeneous treatment on NUTS-2 regions during the period 2000–16. We show that faster absorption of EU funds in the Objective 1 regions, especially the Mediterranean ones, is associated with worse economic outcomes from the Objective 1 treatment. However, this pattern is not observed in the non-treated regions. Regarding policy implications, this study suggests that incentives to increase absorption speeds should be removed in Objective 1 regions.
Axions, strong and weak CP, and KNP inflation
Creators: name: Kim, Jihn E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the ideas leading to the QCD axion and also comment on the Jarlskog determinant describing the observed weak CP violation, and the axion-related Kim-Nilles-Peloso inflation. All of these use pseudoscalars, and the underlying principle is the discrete gauge symmetry either in the bottom-up or top-down approaches. Here, the effects of gravity are required to be unimportant in the low energy effective theory. String compactification is safe from the gravity spoil of global symmetries and some examples from string compactification are commented.
description: LaTeX file for 18 pages with 10 figures. Corfu talk
Healing rates and cost efficacy of outpatient compression treatment for leg ulcers associated with venous insufficiency
Creators: name: Carlin, Robert
name: Keagy, Blair
name: Farber, Mark
name: Marston, William
name: Passman, Marc
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Objective: Although newer techniques to promote the healing of leg ulcers associated with chronic venous insufficiency are promising, improved healing rates and cost effectiveness are unproven. We prospectively followed a series of patients who underwent treatment with outpatient compression for venous stasis ulcers without adjuvant techniques to determine healing rates and costs of treatment. Methods: Two hundred fifty-two patients with clinical or duplex scan evidence of chronic venous insufficiency and active leg ulcers underwent treatment with ambulatory compression techniques. The patients were prospectively followed with wound measurements at 1-week to 2-week intervals, and the factors that were associated with delayed healing were determined. Results: Of all the ulcers, 57% were healed at 10 weeks of treatment and 75% were healed at 16 weeks. Ultimately, 96% of the ulcers healed, and only 1 major amputation was necessitated (0.4%). Initial ulcer size and moderate arterial insufficiency (ankle brachial index, 0.5 to 0.8; n=34) were factors that were independently associated with delayed healing (P < .01). Patient age, ulcer duration before treatment, and morbid obesity did not significantly affect healing times. The cost of 10 weeks of outpatient treatment with compression techniques ranged from $1444 to $2711. Conclusion: The treatment of venous stasis ulcers with compression techniques results in reliable, cost-effective healing in most patients. Current adjuvant techniques may prove to be useful but are likely to be cost effective only in a minority of cases, particularly in patients with large initial ulcer size or arterial insufficiency. (J Vasc Surg 1999;30:491-8.)
(100375) Margaret Lewis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Validity and Characterization of Time to Symptom Resolution Outcome Measures in the ACTIV-2/A5401 Outpatient COVID-19 Treatment Trial
Creators: name: Hughes, Michael D
name: Wohl, David A
name: Eron, Joseph J
name: Currier, Judith S
name: ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team
name: Chew, Kara W
name: Moser, Carlee
name: Javan, Arzhang Cyrus
name: Smith, Davey M
name: Yeh, Eunice
name: Ritz, Justin
name: Daar, Eric S
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2023

description:
BACKGROUND: Time to symptom resolution measures were used in outpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment trials without prior validation. METHODS: ACTIV-2/A5401 trial participants completed a COVID-19 diary assessing 13 targeted symptoms and global experience (overall COVID-19 symptoms, return to pre-COVID-19 health) daily for 29 days. We evaluated concordance of time to sustained (2 days) resolution of all targeted symptoms (TSR) with resolution of overall symptoms and return to health in participants receiving placebo. RESULTS: The analysis included 77 high-risk and 81 standard-risk participants with overall median 6 days of symptoms at entry and median age 47 years, 50% female, 82% white, and 31% Hispanic/Latino. Correlation between TSR and resolution of overall symptoms was 0.80 and 0.68, and TSR and return to health, 0.66 and 0.57 for high- and standard-risk groups, respectively. Of the high- and standard-risk participants, 61% and 79%, respectively, achieved targeted symptom resolution, of which 47% and 43%, respectively, reported symptom recurrence. Requiring >2 days to define sustained resolution reduced the frequency of recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: There was good internal consistency between TSR and COVID-19-specific global outcomes, supporting TSR as a trial end point. Requiring >2 days of symptom resolution better addresses natural symptom fluctuations but must be balanced against the potential influence of non-COVID-19 symptoms. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT04518410.
(100376) Mary Lewis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A likelihood method to cross-calibrate air-shower detectors
Creators: name: Dembinski, H. P.
name: Kégl, B.
name: Mariş, I. C.
name: Roth, M.
name: Veberič, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a detailed statistical treatment of the energy calibration of hybrid air-shower detectors, which combine a surface detector array and a fluorescence detector, to obtain an unbiased estimate of the calibration curve. The special features of calibration data from air showers prevent unbiased results, if a standard least-squares fit is applied to the problem. We develop a general maximum-likelihood approach, based on the detailed statistical model, to solve the problem. Our approach was developed for the Pierre Auger Observatory, but the applied principles are general and can be transferred to other air-shower experiments, even to the cross-calibration of other observables. Since our general likelihood function is expensive to compute, we derive two approximations with significantly smaller computational cost. In the recent years both have been used to calibrate data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We demonstrate that these approximations introduce negligible bias when they are applied to simulated toy experiments, which mimic realistic experimental conditions.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Metabolic resource overlap impacts competition among phyllosphere bacteria
Creators: name: Schlechter, Rudolf O.
name: Kear, Evan J.
name: Bernach, Michał
name: Remus, Daniela M.
name: Remus-Emsermann, Mitja N. P.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Comparative genomics
subject: Microbial ecology
subject: phyllosphere
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The phyllosphere is densely colonised by microbial communities, despite sparse and heterogeneously distributed resources. The limitation of resources is expected to drive bacterial competition resulting in exclusion or coexistence based on fitness differences and resource overlap between individual colonisers. We studied the impact of resource competition by determining the effects of different bacterial colonisers on the growth of the model epiphyte Pantoea eucalypti 299R (Pe299R). Resource overlap was predicted based on genome-scale metabolic modelling. By combining results of metabolic modelling and pairwise competitions in the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere and in vitro, we found that ten resources sufficed to explain fitness of Pe299R. An effect of both resource overlap and phylogenetic relationships was found on competition outcomes in vitro as well as in the phyllosphere. However, effects of resource competition were much weaker in the phyllosphere when compared to in vitro experiments. When investigating growth dynamics and reproductive success at the single-cell resolution, resource overlap and phylogenetic relationships are only weakly correlated with epiphytic Pe299R reproductive success, indicating that the leaf’s spatial heterogeneity mitigates resource competition. Although the correlation is weak, the presence of competitors led to the development of Pe299R subpopulations that experienced different life histories and cell divisions. In some in planta competitions, Pe299R benefitted from the presence of epiphytes despite high resource overlap to the competitor strain suggesting other factors having stronger effects than resource competition. This study provides fundamental insights into how bacterial communities are shaped in heterogeneous environments and a framework to predict competition outcomes.
Shifting the ways prospective teachers frame and notice student mathematical thinking: from deficits to strengths
Creators: name: Scheiner, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Deficit thinking
subject: Framing theory
subject: Secondary mathematics teacher education
subject: Student mathematical thinking
subject: Teacher noticing
subject: Mathematical strengths
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: Noticing the strengths in students’ mathematical thinking is a critical skill that teachers need to develop, but it can be challenging due to the prevalence of deficit-based thinking in mathematics education. To address this challenge, a teacher education course was designed to encourage prospective teachers to engage in critical reflection on their own and others’ framings of students’ thinking and shift their focus towards noticing students’ strengths. The study analyzed written responses from the prospective teachers, collected at the beginning and end of the course, to investigate their framing and noticing of students’ mathematical thinking. The analysis focused on the aspects of students’ thinking that the prospective teachers paid attention to, the stances they took when interpreting students’ thinking, and the instructional moves they proposed in response to their thinking. Furthermore, the study established a spectrum of deficit-based and strength-based framings on students’ mathematical thinking. This spectrum allowed for the identification of each participant’s written noticing responses within a range of possibilities, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the changes in teachers’ framing and noticing of students’ thinking over time.
Economic exposure to regional value chain disruptions: evidence from Wuhan’s lockdown in China
Creators: name: Tian, Kailan
name: Zhang, Zhuoying
name: Zhu, Lingxiu
name: Yang, Cuihong
name: He, Jianwu
name: Li, Shantong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Production fragmentation across multiple regions can result in a regional shock propagating along value chains to a wider array of regions. We propose a methodological framework to measure the economic exposure to regional value chain disruptions due to city lockdown during Covid-19. The exposure index is evaluated by applying a hypothetical extraction method to a regionally extended inter-country input–output framework incorporating China’s interregional input–output table. Our methodology can be adapted to conduct disaster impact analyses at city, state and country levels. It provides a tool for the immediate assessment of the economic risks of value chain disruptions, enabling quick policy responses.
The value of air plethysmography in predicting clinical outcome after surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency
Creators: name: Young, Mary
name: Carlin, Robert
name: Keagy, Blair
name: Criado-Pallares, Enrique
name: Owens, Lewis
name: Passman, Marc
name: Farber, Mark
name: Marston, William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Purpose: The role of air plethysmography (APG) as a predictor of clinical outcome after surgery in venous disease is yet to be defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of APG in predicting clinical outcome after venous surgery for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Methods: Seventy-three extremities in 71 patients with Class 3 through 6 CVI were assessed preoperatively with CEAP (c linical, e tiologic, a natomic, p athophysiologic) criteria, standing reflux duplex ultrasound scan, and APG with measurements of preoperative venous filling index (VFI), venous volumes, ejection fraction, and residual volume fraction. After surgical treatment of the affected limbs, repeat APG studies were obtained within 6 weeks. Established venous reporting standards were used for follow-up to calculate clinical symptom scores (CSSs) in each patient. Results: Superficial venous reflux occurred alone in 24 limbs or in conjunction with perforator incompetence in 26 limbs. Deep and superficial reflux, with or without perforator incompetence, was found in 16 limbs, and seven limbs had isolated deep insufficiency. Follow-up was available in 60 of 71 patients (mean period, 44.3 months). Postoperative APG demonstrated significant hemodynamic changes after surgery as measured with VFI, venous volumes, ejection fraction, and residual volume fraction. Mean CSSs decreased from 7.35 ± 0.56 preoperatively to 1.79 ± 0.32 at late follow-up after surgery (P Conclusions: Normalization of the VFI after venous surgery for CVI is predictive of a good clinical outcome. This APG measurement may be a useful parameter to predict adequacy of surgery in patients with venous insufficiency. (J Vasc Surg 2000;32:961-8.)
A meta-analysis of how parasites affect host consumption rates
Creators: name: Mrugala, Agata
name: Wolinska, Justyna
name: Jeschke, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: behaviour
subject: consumer-resource interactions
subject: feeding rate
subject: host-parasite interaction
subject: meta-analysis of variance
subject: parasitic infection
subject: phylogenetic meta-analysis
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Parasites are known to mediate trophic interactions and can, for example, modify how consumers acquire resources. These modifications of host feeding behaviour can be imposed through three interconnected mechanisms affecting: 1) host food acquisition, 2) host food digestion or 3) host energy budgets. As a result, infected hosts may consume more, less or the same amount of food compared to their uninfected conspecifics. It is commonly assumed that infected hosts have lower consumption rates than uninfected hosts, but a comprehensive quantitative synthesis investigating the effects of parasites on host consumption rate has been lacking thus far. To fill this knowledge gap, we systematically searched for experimental studies that evaluated changes in consumption rate of infected vs uninfected hosts. In total, we extracted 158 effect sizes from 68 studies. We then performed meta-analyses of mean differences in host consumption rates and their variation. The analyses were carried out for all taxonomic groups as well as separately for vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. The main-effects meta-analyses confirmed a generally negative effect of parasites on host consumption rates; infected hosts consumed on average 25% less food than their uninfected conspecifics. In addition, there was a significant increase in the variability in host consumption rate, on average by 25%, indicating that parasites can have variable effects on the foraging behaviour of their hosts. The meta-regression models revealed that several moderator variables related to host and parasite characteristics influence host consumption rate. Experimental infection had a stronger influence on variance effects than natural infection. Parasitic infections reduced consumption rate of vertebrate hosts by 28% and thus more strongly than those of invertebrates, which were reduced by 22%. We conclude with recommendations to facilitate future ecological research syntheses on host-parasite interactions and beyond.
(100372) Elizabeth Lewis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Prophage Gifsy-1 Induction in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Reduces Persister Cell Formation after Ciprofloxacin Exposure
Creators: name: Braetz, Sebastian
name: Schwerk, Peter
name: Figueroa-Bossi, Nara
name: Tedin, Karsten
name: Fulde, Marcus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Gifsy-1
subject: Salmonella
subject: bacteriophage
subject: persister cells
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Persister cells are drug-tolerant bacteria capable of surviving antibiotic treatment despite the absence of heritable resistance mechanisms. It is generally thought that persister cells survive antibiotic exposure through the implementation of stress responses and/or energy-sparing strategies. Exposure to DNA gyrase-targeting antibiotics could be particularly detrimental for bacteria that carry prophages integrated in their genomes. Gyrase inhibitors are known to induce prophages to switch from their dormant lysogenic state into the lytic cycle, causing the lysis of their bacterial host. However, the influence of resident prophages on the formation of persister cells has only been recently appreciated. Here, we evaluated the effect of endogenous prophage carriage on the generation of bacterial persistence during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium exposure to both gyrase-targeting antibiotics and other classes of bactericidal antibiotics. Results from the analysis of strain variants harboring different prophage combinations revealed that prophages play a major role in limiting the formation of persister cells during exposure to DNA-damaging antibiotics. In particular, we present evidence that prophage Gifsy-1 (and its encoded lysis proteins) are major factors limiting persister cell formation upon ciprofloxacin exposure. Resident prophages also appear to have a significant impact on the initial drug susceptibility, resulting in an alteration of the characteristic biphasic killing curve of persister cells into a triphasic curve. In contrast, a prophage-free derivative of S. Typhimurium showed no difference in the killing kinetics for β-lactam or aminoglycoside antibiotics. Our study demonstrates that induction of prophages increased the susceptibility toward DNA gyrase inhibitors in S. Typhimurium, suggesting that prophages have the potential for enhancing antibiotic efficacy.
Star formation in the filament of S254-S258 OB complex: a cluster in the process of making
Creators: name: Samal, M. R.
name: Ojha, D. K.
name: Jose, J.
name: Zavagno, A.
name: Takahashi, S.
name: Neichel, B.
name: Kim, J. S.
name: Chauhan, N.
name: Pandey, A. K.
name: Zinchenko, I.
name: Tamura, M.
name: Ghosh, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared Dark Clouds are ideal laboratories to study the initial processes of high-mass star and star cluster formation. We investigated star formation activity of an unexplored filamentary dark cloud (~5.7pc x 1.9pc), which itself is part of a large filament (~20pc) located in the S254-S258 OB complex at a distance of 2.5kpc. Using MIPS Spitzer 24 micron data, we uncover 49 sources with SNR greater than 5. We identified 45 sources as candidate YSOs of Class I, Flat-spectrum & Class II nature. Additional 17 candidate YSOs (9 Class I & 8 Class II) are also identified using JHK and WISE photometry. We find that the protostar to Class II sources ratio (~2) and the protostar fraction (~70%) of the region are high. When the protostar fraction compared to other young clusters, it suggests that the star formation in the dark cloud was possibly started only 1 Myr ago. Combining the NIR photometry of the YSO candidates with the theoretical evolutionary models, we infer that most of the candidate YSOs formed in the dark cloud are low-mass (<2 Msolar) in nature. We examine the spatial distribution of the YSOs and find that majority of them are linearly aligned along the highest column density line (N(H2) ~1 x 10^22 cm^-2) of the dark cloud along its long axis at mean nearest neighbor separation of ~0.2pc. Using observed properties of the YSOs, physical conditions of the cloud and a simple cylindrical model, we explore the possible star formation process of this filamentary dark cloud and suggest that gravitational fragmentation within the filament should have played a dominant role in the formation of the YSOs. From the total mass of the YSOs, gaseous mass associated with the dark cloud, and surrounding environment, we infer that the region is presently forming stars at an efficiency ~3% and a rate ~30 Msolar Myr^-1, and may emerge to a richer cluster.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Expanding the Portfolio by a Novel Monomeric Oleate Hydratase from Pediococcus parvulus
Creators: name: Prem, Sophia A.
name: Helmer, Carl P. O.
name: Loll, Bernhard
name: Garbe, Daniel
name: Brück, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: oleate hydratase
subject: enzyme catalysis
subject: FAD
subject: Pediococcus parvulus
subject: fatty acids
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Oleate hydratases convert oleic acid into 10-hydroxy stearic acid, a valuable fine chemical, useful in lubricant and surfactant formulations. They are of large interest due to their high expression rates and solubility, however, they differ drastically by their overall stability and pH- and temperature ranges. To expand their portfolio, another oleate hydratase named OhyPp (originating from Pediococcus parvulus) was characterized. It is a close relative of the well-known oleate hydratase OhyRe from Rhodococcus erythropolis. OhyPp is only the second member of the monomeric oleate hydratase family with some surprising catalytic features. A distinct characteristic is OhyPp's higher affinity towards FAD compared to OhyRe's helping to understand and improve FAD binding in the future, which is a current drawback for the industrial application of oleate hydratases.
Relations between transfer matrices and numerical stability analysis to avoid the $Ωd$ problem
Creators: name: Pérez-Álvarez, R.
name: Pernas-Salomón, R.
name: Velasco, V. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34L16

description: The transfer matrix method is usually employed to study problems described by $N$ equations of matrix Sturm-Liouville (MSL) kind. In some cases a numerical degradation (the so called $Ωd$ problem) appears thus impairing the performance of the method. We present here a procedure that can overcome this problem in the case of multilayer systems having piecewise constant coefficients. This is performed by studying the relations between the associated transfer matrix and other transfer matrix variants. In this way it was possible to obtain the matrices which can overcome the $Ωd$ problem in the general case and then in problems which are particular cases of the general one. In this framework different strategies are put forward to solve different boundary condition problems by means of these numerically stable matrices. Numerical and analytic examples are presented to show that these stable variants are more adequate than other matrix methods to overcome the $Ωd$ problem. Due to the ubiquity of the MSL system, these results can be applied to the study of many elementary excitations in multilayer structures.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures
Distal thoracic aorta as inflow for the treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia
Creators: name: Farber, Mark
name: Marston, William
name: Burnham, Steven
name: Carlin, Robert
name: Keagy, Blair
name: Owens, Lewis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Purpose: Mesenteric revascularization for chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) traditionally involves antegrade or retrograde bypass graft originating from the supraceliac or infrarenal aorta. The distal thoracic aorta (DTA) may provide a better inflow source than the abdominal aorta. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results with the DTA used as inflow for the surgical treatment of CMI. Methods: All patients undergoing mesenteric revascularization for CMI with grafts originating from the DTA were identified from 1990 to 1999. A ninth interspace thoracoretroperitoneal incision was used for exposure, and distal aortic flow was maintained by use of a partial occlusion clamp. Results: Eighteen consecutive patients with CMI underwent mesenteric bypass grafting with the DTA used as inflow. All patients were admitted with chronic abdominal pain or weight loss, with two (12%) requiring urgent revascularization because of acute exacerbation of chronic symptoms. Fourteen (78%) patients had both celiac and superior mesenteric artery bypass grafts placed, and three (17%) patients had superior mesenteric artery grafts alone. There was one (6%) perioperative death and three (17%) major complications. There was no kidney failure, mesenteric infarction, or spinal cord ischemia. The life-table survival rate was 89%, 89%, and 76% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. All 18 patients remained symptom free and required no additional procedures to assist patency. There was no evidence of graft stenosis or occlusion (100% patency) for those grafts evaluated objectively during the mean follow-up of 34.8 months (range, 1-97 months). Conclusions: Antegrade mesenteric revascularization with the DTA used as inflow is associated with low morbidity and mortality rates. Furthermore, it provides excellent midterm patency and survival results and should be considered as a primary approach for reconstruction of patients with CMI. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:281-8.)
Quantum Spin Hall Effect in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Haeckelites
Creators: name: Nie, S. M.
name: Song, Zhida
name: Weng, Hongming
name: Fang, Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using first-principles calculation, we have found that a family of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide haeckelites with square-octagonal lattice $MX_2$-4-8 ($M$=Mo, W and $X$=S, Se and Te) can host quantum spin hall effect. The phonon spectra indicate that they are dynamically stable and the largest band gap is predicted to be around 54 meV, higher than room temperature. These will pave the way to potential applications of topological insulators. We have also established a simple tight-binding model on a square-like lattice to achieve topological nontrivial quantum states, which extends the study from honeycomb lattice to square-like lattice and broads the potential topological material system greatly.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures and simple TB model for square lattice achieving QSH state
Spin Crossover and Fluorine-Specific Interactions in Metal Complexes of Terpyridines with Polyfluorocarbon Tails
Creators: name: Nößler, Maite
name: Neuman, Nicolas I.
name: Böser, Lisa
name: Jäger, René
name: Singha Hazari, Arijit
name: Hunger, David
name: Pan, Yixian
name: Lücke, Clemens
name: Bens, Tobias
name: Sarkar, Biprajit
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: cobalt
subject: EPR spectroscopy
subject: fluorine-specific interactions
subject: polyfluorocarbon
subject: terpyridine
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: In coordination chemistry and materials science, terpyridine ligands are of great interest, due to their ability to form stable complexes with a broad range of transition metal ions. We report three terpyridine ligands containing different perfluorocarbon (PFC) tails on the backbone and the corresponding FeII and CoII complexes. The CoII complexes display spin crossover close to ambient temperature, and the nature of this spin transition is influenced by the length of the PFC tail on the ligand backbone. The electrochemical properties of the metal complexes were investigated with cyclic voltammetry revealing one oxidation and several reduction processes. The fluorine-specific interactions were investigated by EPR measurements. Analysis of the EPR spectra of the complexes as microcrystalline powders and in solution reveals exchange-narrowed spectra without resolved hyperfine splittings arising from the 59Co nucleus; this suggests complex aggregation in solution mediated by interactions of the PFC tails. Interestingly, addition of perfluoro-octanol in different ratios to the acetonitrile solution of the sample resulted in the disruption of the F... F interactions of the tails. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of fluorine-specific interactions in metal complexes through EPR spectroscopy, as exemplified by exchange narrowing.
Overexpression of the focal adhesion kinase (p125FAK) in the vascular smooth muscle cells of intimal hyperplasia
Creators: name: Iacocca, Mary
name: Xu, LiHui
name: Keagy, Blair
name: Yang, XiHui
name: Owens, Lewis
name: Cance, William
name: Marston, William
name: Farber, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Purpose: The migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are important events in the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH). The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) gene encodes a protein tyrosine kinase (p125FAK) involved in signal transduction pathways used in cell adhesion, motility, and proliferation. Because alterations in these cellular processes are thought to occur in VSMCs during IH, we studied FAK expression in healthy arteries and veins in comparison with that in pathologic vessels containing IH. Methods: To determine p125FAK expression at the cellular level, we developed a monoclonal antibody that specifically detected FAK in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections (5 μm) and analyzed the levels of FAK expression in human arteries and veins. Specificity of monoclonal antibody 4.47 was demonstrated by means of immunofluorescence microscopy showing FAK-specific staining at focal adhesions of healthy human vascular smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs). By using immunohistochemistry techniques, we analyzed the expression of p125FAK in 25 adult human vascular tissue samples from individual patients, which contained a histologically confirmed healthy artery, vein, or IH. Results: FAK expression in healthy and pathologic human vascular tissue was localized predominantly within VSMC cytoplasm. In healthy human artery and vein, borderline FAK expression was detected in the media of seven of 17 vessels and undetectable in the remainder of specimens. However, in vessels containing IH, FAK was overexpressed in the pathologic VSMC populations at moderate-to-strong levels in eight of eight specimens. The levels of FAK expression were directly correlated with structures containing IH, and the results of FAK staining intensity and the percentage of positive cells in these samples were significantly increased compared with normal vascular tissue levels (P <.05, Student t test). Conclusion: These results provide the first evidence that FAK is overexpressed in VSMCs involved in IH and suggest that FAK upregulation may be part of a mechanism for migration and proliferation of VSMCs during this process. Furthermore, the dramatic upregulation of FAK in IH and the relative lack of expression in healthy vessels suggest that FAK may be a rational target for controlling IH. (J Vasc Surg 2001;34:344-9.)
Lepton Mixing Predictions from (Generalised) CP and Discrete Flavour Symmetry
Creators: name: Neder, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An important class of flavour groups, that are subgroups of $U(3)$ and that predict experimentally viable lepton mixing parameters including Majorana phases, is the $Δ(6n^2)$ series. The most well-known member is $Δ(24)=S_4$. I present results of several extensive studies of lepton mixing predictions obtained in models with a $Δ(6n^2)$ flavour group that preserve either the full residual $Z_2\times Z_2$ or a $Z_2$ subgroup for neutrinos and can include a generalised CP symmetry. Predictions include mixing angles and Dirac CP phase generally; and if invariance under a generalised CP symmetry is included, also Majorana phases. For this, the interplay of flavour group and generalised CP symmetry has to be studied carefully.
description: 13 pages; Contribution to the Proceedings of DISCRETE 2014: Fourth Symposium on Prospects in the Physics of Discrete Symmetries, London, UK, Dec 2-6 2014
Theorizing Fairtrade from a justice-related standpoint
Creators: name: Beck, Valentin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Consumer and Corporate Responsibility
subject: Global Justice
subject: Human Rights
subject: Interactions and Institutions
subject: Justice in Market Exchanges
subject: Partial Compliance
subject: Thomas Pogg
subject: 100 Philosophy and psychology::170 Ethics (Moral philosophy)::170 Ethics (Moral philosophy)
subject: 100 Philosophy and psychology::170 Ethics (Moral philosophy)::172 Political ethics
subject: 100 Philosophy and psychology::170 Ethics (Moral philosophy)::174 Economic and professional ethics
subject: 100 Philosophy and psychology::170 Ethics (Moral philosophy)::178 Ethics of consumption

description: This paper argues that the Fairtrade certification system represents an illuminating example of the challenge of systematically determining consumer and entrepreneurial responsibilities in our global age. In taking up the central question of what, if anything, may be called ‘just’ or ‘fair’ in Fairtrade, I more precisely argue for a two-fold thesis: that (1) a meaningful evaluation of Fairtrade must consider both an interactional and an (arguably prior) institutional understanding of global responsibilities to promote justice and that (2) Fairtrade can be better defended against several popular objections from the perspective of a theory that adequately differentiates between interactional responsibilities and institutional responsibilities of promoting justice under unjust circumstances.
Measuring stellar rotation periods with Kepler
Creators: name: Nielsen, M. B.
name: Gizon, L.
name: Schunker, H.
name: Karoff, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure rotation periods for 12151 stars in the Kepler field, based on the photometric variability caused by stellar activity. Our analysis returns stable rotation periods over at least six out of eight quarters of Kepler data. This large sample of stars enables us to study the rotation periods as a function of spectral type. We find good agreement with previous studies and vsini measurements for F, G and K stars. Combining rotation periods, B-V color, and gyrochronology relations, we find that the cool stars in our sample are predominantly younger than ~1Gyr.
description: Published 12/2013 in ASP Conference Series, Vol. 479, Progress in Physics of the Sun and Stars, p. 137. http://aspbooks.org/custom/publications/paper/479-0137.html
Sural artery pseudoaneurysms after knee arthroscopy: Treatment with transcatheter embolization
Creators: name: Burnham, Steven
name: Mauro, Matthew
name: Carlin, Robert
name: Keagy, Blair
name: Marston, William
name: Farber, Mark
name: Ronningen, Ed
name: Papenhausen, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Vascular injury of the popliteal artery or its branches after knee arthroscopy is a rare but potentially devastating complication. We report two cases of sural artery branch pseudoaneurysms resulting from knee arthroscopy. Both patients were successfully treated with transcatheter embolization of the pseudoaneurysms. the diagnosis and treatment options of this unusual injury are discussed. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:170-3.)