cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Active Prokaryotic Communities Along a Thermally and Geochemically Variable Transect in Guaymas Basin Hydrothermal Sediments
Creators: name: Cardman, Zena
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biogeochemistry
Marine biology
Geobiology

description: The microbial inhabitants of deep-sea vents are genetically and metabolically diverse, and often make a living at the edge of biological temperature limits. Guaymas Basin, a nascent spreading center in the Gulf of California, provides a unique environment in which to study prokaryotic communities across a range of thermal and geochemical niches. Unlike most vents, Guaymas is blanketed in thick sediments, ranging from 3ºC to 200+ºC within half a meter below the sea floor. Microbial mats, including one nicknamed "Megamat," serve as bull's-eyes for subsurface hydrothermal activity. Here we explore Megamat's subsurface, spanning low-temperature (3º), low-methane (0.3mM) to high-temperature (85º), high-methane (3+ mM) sediments, and the 16S rRNA-based phylogeny of active prokaryotes therein. Pyrosequencing revealed the fewest OTUs yet highest Shannon-Wiener diversity within the hottest sediments. Sequences of Sulfurimonas were nearly ubiquitous, and sequences from the heterotrophic MBGB dominated outside the mat's perimeter. Putative methane cyclers were most abundant within the methane-saturated mat center, including ANME-2c, Methermicoccaceae, Guaymas-specific ANME-1 groups, and a deeply-branching, novel group, "Guaymas Methanomicrobia." The expected Deltaproteobacterial sulfate reducers were not common in this survey; in fact Archaeoglobus and Thermodesulfobacteria sequences were recovered in exponentially higher abundance in the hottest sediments. Major groups were most similar outside of Megamat and at its edge, in contrast with strikingly core-specific communities in central mat samples. The mat's edge appears to be a transition zone hosting sequences found both in the central mat and in bare sediment, while the distinct community assemblages within central Megamat highlight horizontal and vertical variability in Guaymas Basin. Together, these data provide insights into community changes with temperature and substrates at high resolution over small spatial scales.
Enabling multi-stage Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA)
Creators: name: ARIES WP18 Members
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: This document focuses on the design of a dogleg between a plasma injector in the energy range of 200-300 MeV and a second plasma stage reaccelerating the plasma in the multi-GeV scale. The framework at CILEX facility and the constraints to enable a two-stage laser-plasma acceleration will be described. A status of the optics of the transfer line, on the tolerances, of the magnetic design, and of the diagnostics will be given. The next steps to make such a transfer line work will be discussed.
description: {"references": ["ARIES Del18.1"]}
Supplementary material of the paper "Analyzing the BizDev Interfce in an Enterprise Context: A Case of Developers Acting in Business"
Creators: name: G. Moreira, Caique
name: B. N. de França, Breno
name: U. Conte, Tayana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: BizDev, Business-Development Interface, Organizational Culture

description: These documents provide supplementary material of the paper "Analyzing the BizDev Interfce in an Enterprise Context: A Case of Developers Acting in Business" CodeBook: Codes and Categories Interview Scripts BizDev Communication
A Dynamical Model of Plasma Turbulence in the Solar Wind
Creators: name: Howes, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dynamical approach, rather than the usual statistical approach, is taken to explore the physical mechanisms underlying the nonlinear transfer of energy, the damping of the turbulent fluctuations, and the development of coherent structures in kinetic plasma turbulence. It is argued that the linear and nonlinear dynamics of Alfven waves are responsible, at a very fundamental level, for some of the key qualitative features of plasma turbulence that distinguish it from hydrodynamic turbulence, including the anisotropic cascade of energy and the development of current sheets at small scales. The first dynamical model of kinetic turbulence in the weakly collisional solar wind plasma that combines self-consistently the physics of Alfven waves with the development of small-scale current sheets is presented and its physical implications are discussed. This model leads to a simplified perspective on the nature of turbulence in a weakly collisional plasma: the nonlinear interactions responsible for the turbulent cascade of energy and the formation of current sheets are essentially fluid in nature, while the collisionless damping of the turbulent fluctuations and the energy injection by kinetic instabilities are essentially kinetic in nature.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures, 196 references, accepted for publication in Theme Issue on "Dissipation & Heating in Solar Wind Turbulence" in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
Cancellation of Unwanted Audio to Support Interactive Computer Music
Creators: name: Jonghyun  Lee
name: Dannenberg, Roger B
name: Joohwan  Chun
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A real-time unwanted-audio cancellation system is developed.
The system enhances recorded sound by canceling unwanted
loudspeaker sounds picked up during the recording.
After cancellation, the resulting sound gives an improved estimation
of the live performer’s sound. The cancellation works
by estimating the unwanted audio signal and subtracting it
from the recorded signal. The canceller is composed of a delay
block and two adaptive digital filters. Our work extends
conventional echo-cancellation methods to address problems
we encountered in music applications. We describe a realtime
implementation in Aura and present experimental results
in which the proposed canceller enhances the performance of
a real-time pitch detector. The cancellation ratio is measured
and limitations of the system are discussed
Adolescent Alcohol Use and Dating Violence Perpetration: Three Studies Examining Concurrent and Longitudinal Relations Across Grades 8 Through 12
Creators: name: McNaughton Reyes, Heathe Luz
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2009

description: Numerous studies suggest a link between alcohol use and adult partner violence, but research on how this relationship unfolds during adolescence is limited. The three studies comprising this dissertation each used a different theoretical lens to guide an empirical examination of the relations between alcohol use and physical dating violence perpetration using data from a longitudinal study spanning grades 8 through 12. Study one (n=2272) used autoregressive latent curve models to examine several different theoretical models of the linkages between alcohol use and dating violence perpetration over time. Trajectories of alcohol use and dating violence were correlated and this correlation was reduced substantially after adjusting for the effects of common predictors. However, concurrent associations between the two behaviors persisted across nearly all grades. There was no evidence of prospective relations from alcohol use to dating violence or vice-versa. Study two (n=2311) examined the role of heavy alcohol use in the developmental process of desistance from dating violence perpetration. Growth models were used to test the hypotheses that both early and continuing alcohol use would hinder desistance from dating violence during late adolescence. Contrary to expectations, the effects of early alcohol use on dating violence diminished over time. Although the contemporaneous effects of alcohol use on dating violence were significant across most grades, effects weakened during late adolescence and were stronger in the spring than in the fall semesters. Study three (n=2311) examined the hypothesis that increased exposure to violence would strengthen the relationship between heavy alcohol use and dating violence. Growth models were used to examine the main and joint effects of alcohol use and exposure to family, peer, and neighborhood violence on levels of dating violence across grades 8 through 12. Across all grades, the relationship between alcohol use and dating violence was stronger for teens exposed to higher levels of family conflict and friend dating violence. Prevention programs that target risk factors common to both dating violence and alcohol use may reduce involvement in both behaviors. Programs that seek to reduce alcohol-related dating violence should target younger teens and those exposed to family conflict or friend dating violence.
Arctic Security: A Global Challenge
Creators: name: Marco, Marsili.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Russia
China
European Union (EU)
North Atlantic Treaty Alliance (NATO)
Arctic
Iceland
United States
Finland
Sweden
Maritime Routes
Shipping Routes
Northeast Passage (NEP)
Northern Sea Route (NSR)
Northwest Passage (NWP)
Canada
North Pole
Transpolar Route (TSR)
Arctic Bridge Route (ABR)
United Nations Convention on the Laws of the Sea (UNCLOS)
Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC)
Denmark
Greenland
OSCE
Maritime Silk Road

description: Arctic security is a main security challenge – a global one, not only a regional one – not only for the Arctic countries, but for the whole international community, first of all the European. With Russia and China expanding their role in the area, and the difficulty of finding an undisputed governance on maritime routes and economic exploitation of resources, there is the risk of militarization of the Arctic. After briefly summarizing current and future challenges in the Arctic, this paper analyzes the limits due to a deficit of suitable instruments to maintain security in the region, especially in relation to the role of international intergovernmental organizations, and suggests some remedies to overcome these deficiencies.
description: Paper presented at the 7th Lisbon International Arctic Conference and Workshop, held at the Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas (ISCSP), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), on December 13, 2019. The author gratefully acknowledges the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for supporting this research through grant SFRH/BD/136170/2018.
Arsenic Compromises the Alveolocapillary Barrier, Facilitating Bacteremia in a Mouse Pneumonia Model
Creators: name: Henderson, Michael
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Toxicology

description: The greatest threat to public health regarding arsenic exposure is consumption of contaminated drinking water. Chronic oral consumption of inorganic arsenic has been linked with respiratory dysfunction as well as immunotoxicity. Here we examined the effects of consuming either of two concentrations of sodium arsenite (250 ppb, 25 ppm) via drinking water in a mouse model of bacterial pneumonia. Arsenic exposure did not alter recruitment of leukocytes to the airway upon bacterial infection, nor pulmonary clearance of bacteria, but was associated with increased dissemination to extrapulmonary tissues. Mice exposed to arsenic had intact bloodstream killing of bacteria, suggesting that the increased extrapulmonary bacterial burden in lung-infected mice derived from increased escape from the lung. Analysis of early events in lung-infected mice revealed that arsenic led to accelerated escape of bacteria from the alveoli, providing new evidence that chronic exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water disrupts the architecture of the alveoli, permitting pathogen escape into the bloodstream.
Symplectic 4-manifolds via Lorentzian geometry
Creators: name: Aazami, Amir Babak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We observe that, in dimension four, symplectic forms may be obtained via Lorentzian geometry; in particular, null vector fields can give rise to exact symplectic forms. That a null vector field is nowhere vanishing yet orthogonal to itself is essential to this construction. Specifically, we show that on a Lorentzian 4-manifold $(M,g)$, if ${\boldsymbol k}$ is a complete null vector field with geodesic flow along which $\text{Ric}({\boldsymbol k},{\boldsymbol k}) > 0$, and if $f$ is any smooth function on $M$ with ${\boldsymbol k}(f)$ nowhere vanishing, then $dg(e^f{\boldsymbol k},\cdot)$ is a symplectic form and ${\boldsymbol k}/{\boldsymbol k}(f)$ is a Liouville vector field; any null surface to which ${\boldsymbol k}$ is tangent is then a Lagrangian submanifold. Even if the Ricci curvature condition is not satisfied, one can still construct such symplectic forms with additional information from ${\boldsymbol k}$; we give an example of this, with ${\boldsymbol k}$ a complete Liouville vector field, on the maximally extended "rapidly rotating" Kerr spacetime.
description: 9 pages; v3: final published version; new Remarks 3, 4, and 6 added; section 2 and former Lemma 1 removed.
Additional file 3 of Communication inequalities and health disparities among vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic - a scoping review of qualitative and quantitative evidence
Creators: name: Häfliger, Clara
name: Diviani, Nicola
name: Rubinelli, Sara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Categorization.
Settling accretion on to isolated neutron stars from interstellar medium
Creators: name: Popov, S. B.
name: Postnov, K. A.
name: Shakura, N. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the model of subsonic settling accretion on to isolated neutron stars accreting from the interstellar medium (AINS). We show that in this regime the expected mean X-ray luminosity from AINS turns out to be 2-3 orders of magnitude as small as the maximum possible Bondi value, i.e. $10^{27}-10^{28}$~erg s$^{-1}$. The intrinsically unstable character of settling accretion due to long plasma cooling time leads to regular appearance of X-ray flares with a duration of about one hour and a maximum luminosity of about the Bondi value, $\sim10^{31}$~erg~s$^{-1}$. This feature can be used to distinguished AINS from other dim X-ray sources. With the sensitivity of the forthcoming all-sky X-ray surveys the expected number of the potentially detectable AINS can be from a few to ten.
description: 5 pages, accepted to MNRAS
Additional file 4 of Communication inequalities and health disparities among vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic - a scoping review of qualitative and quantitative evidence
Creators: name: Häfliger, Clara
name: Diviani, Nicola
name: Rubinelli, Sara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Proportions.
Additional file 5 of Communication inequalities and health disparities among vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic - a scoping review of qualitative and quantitative evidence
Creators: name: Häfliger, Clara
name: Diviani, Nicola
name: Rubinelli, Sara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Data-charting form.
Sub-Poissonian Phonon Lasing in Three-Mode Optomechanics
Creators: name: Lörch, Niels
name: Hammerer, Klemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to use the resonant enhancement of the parametric instability in an optomechanical system of two optical modes coupled to a mechanical oscillator to prepare mechanical states with sub-Poissonian phonon statistics. Strong single photon coupling is not required. The requirements regarding sideband resolution, circulating cavity power and environmental temperature are in reach with state of the art parameters of optomechanical crystals. Phonon antibunching can be verfied in a Hanburry-Brown-Twiss measurement on the output field of the optomechanical cavity.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Prosopodesmus Silvestri 1910
Creators: name: Golovatch, Sergei
name: Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques
name: Mauriès, Jean-Paul
name: VandenSpiegel, Didier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Polydesmida
Haplodesmidae
Prosopodesmus

description: Genus Prosopodesmus Silvestri, 1910 Type species: Prosopodesmus jacobsoni Silvestri, 1910, by original designation (type locality: Batavia (= Jakarta), Java, Indonesia). = Homodesmus Chamberlin, 1918. Type species: Homodesmus parvus Chamberlin, 1918, by original designation. Synonymized by Loomis (1950). = Rhipidopeltis Miyosi, 1958. Type species: Rhipidopeltis sinuata Miyosi, 1958, by original designation, n. syn. Diagnosis. Body with 20 segments, pyrgodesmid-like, not capable of volvation, with rather well developed and declivous paraterga. Metaterga with three transverse rows of bosses/tubercles. Gonopods strongly resembling those of typical Polydesmidae, being rather simple, unciform; coxae with only a few ventrolateral setae; telopodites sometimes with a lateral outgrowth at midway, always devoid of a separate solenomere branch; seminal groove terminating distally or apically, hairpad often present.
description: Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei, Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques, Mauriès, Jean-Paul & VandenSpiegel, Didier, 2009, Review of the millipede family Haplodesmidae Cook, 1895, with descriptions of some new or poorly-known species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), pp. 1-53 in ZooKeys 7 (7) on page 43, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.7.117, http://zenodo.org/record/576436
description: {"references": ["Silvestri F (1910) Descrizione preliminari di nuovi generi di Diplopodi. Zoologischer Anzeiger 35 (12 / 13): 357 - 364.", "Loomis HF (1950) Synonymy of some native American and introduced millipeds. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 40: 164 - 166.", "Miyosi Y (1958) Beitrage zur Kenntnis japanischer Myriopoden. 25. Aufsatz: Uber eine neue Gattung und eine neue Art von Diplopoden. Zoological Magazine 67 (10): 297 - 300."]}
Albertosaurus sarcophagus Osborn 1905
Creators: name: Holtz, TR jr.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Dinosauria
Tyrannosauridae
Albertosaurus
Albertosaurus sarcophagus

description: A. sarcophagus Osborn, 1905 (including A. arctunguis Parks, 1928a) Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Alberta), Canada; Judith River Formation (Montana), Lance Formation (Wyoming), United States late Campanianlate Maastrichtian At least 4 partial skulls with associated postcranial skeletons, additional cranial and postcranial remains of at least 12 individuals
description: Published as part of Holtz, TR jr., 2004, Tyrannosauroidea, pp. 111-136 in The Dinosauria, University of California Press on page 112, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3374526
title: Review of Nighttime Temperature Effects on Long-Term Health Condition Through Sleep Studies
Creators: name: Matkins, Sydnie
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Over the past 40 years, there has been increasing interest in human sleep quality and duration. This nonsystematic review looked at over 80 peer-reviewed papers on the association among sleep, temperature, and long-term health conditions. Generally, warmer temperatures lend to poorer sleep quality, and poor sleep quality lend to mental illness and a higher risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. Future research should be to conduct a study that relies more on health records rather than questionnaires to accurately map current and future health quality.
Another Formulation of the Wick's Theorem. Farewell, Pairing?
Creators: name: Beloussov, Igor V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The algebraic formulation of Wick's theorem that allows one to present the vacuum or thermal averages of the chronological product of an arbitrary number of field operators as a determinant (permanent) of the matrix is proposed. Each element of the matrix is the average of the chronological product of only two operators. This formulation is extremely convenient for practical calculations in quantum field theory and statistical physics by the methods of symbolic mathematics using computers.
Gerald Simpson, Watermills and Military Works on Hadrian’s Wall
Creators: name: Baatz, Dietwulf
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2023

description: Rezension zu: F. Gerald Simpson, Watermills and Military Works on Hadrian’s Wall. Excavations in Northumberland 1907-1913. Edited by Grace Simpson. With a contribution on watermills by Lord Wilson of High Wray. Titus Wilson & Son, Kendal 1976. XVI und 198 Seiten, 27 Textabbildungen, 66 Fototafeln und 20 weitere Tafeln und Faltpläne.
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 56 Nr. 1 (1978)
Rural Hoosiers, the Farm Problem, and Agents of Change
Creators: name: Cambron, David M
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environmental history
North American history
Political economy and social change

description: This dissertation is an examination of rural Hoosiers, and in particular to what extent they accepted outside assistance against a backdrop of disruption brought about by mechanization, depression, and in some cases dislocation in the first half of the twentieth century. The "farm experts" from Purdue University, and "government men" from federal agencies came to assist rural Hoosiers cope with the “Farm Problem,” joining a succession of outsiders who came to help. Those who came to the rescue confronted a particular quality of character influenced by environmental elements, migration patterns, and received world views. The study uses a range of sources. A wealth of secondary scholarship was written shortly after the end of rural New Deal programs during World War II. Purdue Experiment Station research publications, Purdue Extension annual reports, county Extension agents’ reports, farm journals, newspaper reporting and editorials, congressional records, records and promotional materials of the Resettlement Administration and its successor the Farm Security Administration, and personal correspondence all give voice to actors and observers at the time. This study contributes to our understanding of rural New Deal initiatives in the Midwest as witnessed through an Indiana lens. The inquiry reveals the uneven and sometimes incoherent nature of “progress” as promoted by agents of change. Try as they might, rural Hoosiers could not resist or control forces of change in the face of worldwide crisis of economic disruption, ideological confrontation, and military aggression.
Examining the Role of Network Structure in HIV Transmission among People who Inject Drugs in the Philippines: A Tale of Two Cities
Creators: name: Siripong, Nalyn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: While HIV growth has slowed globally, new HIV epidemics among people who inject drugs (PWID) continue to emerge [1-4]. These epidemics are marked by periods of unusually rapid growth, where HIV increases from virtually 0% to 20-50% within 3-6 years [5-6]. In concentrated epidemics, HIV epidemics among PWID could precipitate larger-scale heterosexual epidemics [7-10], which further underscores the urgent need to find effective ways to reach and deliver prevention services to PWID. We studied the emergence of HIV among PWID in two cities in the Philippines. The epidemic began in Cebu City, where HIV prevalence grew from 0.6% in 2009 to 50% in 2010 [11]. Expanded surveillance in neighboring Mandaue City found more limited spread of infection, with HIV prevalence reaching only 3.5% in 2011[12], rising to 38% in 2013 [13]. We used exponential random graph models (ERGMs) to simulate network structures and assess whether differences in network structure could explain variation in HIV prevalence patterns in the two cities. We further analyzed genetic sequencing data to consider the extent of overlap or linkage between networks. Simulated networks showed distinct differences between the two cities. We found smaller network components in Mandaue than in Cebu (1082 v 2980), which may explain the limited spread of HIV there. We also found that Cebu networks exhibited higher degree (21.5 v 10.8), lower clustering (0.29 v 0.39), and shorter average paths (3.3 v 3.8), all of which would facilitate rapid spread of infection across the network. A phylogenetic tree showed high bootstrap support for a large cluster of HIV infections (N = 172), predominantly from PWID from Cebu and Mandaue (85%), which suggests that HIV infection in the two cities arose from a common source infection. This work suggests that the emergence of a rapidly growing epidemic among PWID in Cebu City spread to Mandaue City, but network structures initially prevented growth of infection. The fragmented network in Mandaue initially prevented penetration of infection into the connected portion of the network. Future work applying transmission modeling to these networks may offer important insights to the role of networks on HIV in these populations.
Additional file 1 of Recent advances in the plant epitranscriptome
Creators: name: Shen, Lisha
name: Ma, Jinqi
name: Li, Ping
name: Wu, Yujin
name: Yu, Hao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Review history.
Helodesmus Cook 1896
Creators: name: Golovatch, Sergei
name: Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques
name: Mauriès, Jean-Paul
name: VandenSpiegel, Didier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Polydesmida
Haplodesmidae
Helodesmus

description: Genus Helodesmus Cook, 1896 Type species: Helodesmus porosus Cook, 1896, by monotypy (type locality: Java, Indonesia). = Gonomastis Attems, 1930. Type species: Gonomastis parvula Attems, 1930, by original designation. Synonymized by Hoffman (1964). = Porauxus Chamberlin, 1945. Type species: Porauxus pangrangus Chamberlin, 1945, by original designation. Synonymized by Hoffman (1964). Diagnosis. Body with 19 segments, subcylindrical, not capable of volvation, with paraterga 2 rather well developed, but subsequent ones mostly represented by lateral swellings. Collum still large, covering the head from above, with 4-5 transverse rows of setigerous tubercles or pits. Following paraterga with three rows of similar tubercles or pits. Pore formula: 5, 7-17(18). Gonopods with poorly setose gonocoxae and a considerably shortened prefemoral+femoral (= setose) part, deeply biramous thereafter, with a long and flagelliform solenomere devoid of a hairpad.
description: Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei, Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques, Mauriès, Jean-Paul & VandenSpiegel, Didier, 2009, Review of the millipede family Haplodesmidae Cook, 1895, with descriptions of some new or poorly-known species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), pp. 1-53 in ZooKeys 7 (7) on page 44, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.7.117, http://zenodo.org/record/576436
description: {"references": ["Cook OF (1896 a) On recent diplopod names. Brandtia 2: 5 - 8.", "Attems C (1930) Myriopoden von Java, Sumatra und Bali. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement-Band 8: 115 - 182.", "Hoffman RL (1964) A note on the millipede genus Helodesmus (Polydesmida: Helodesmidae). Entomologische Berichten 24: 232 - 234.", "Chamberlin RV (1945) On some diplopods from the Indo-Australian Archipelago. American Museum Novitates 1282: 1 - 43."]}
Tyrannosauridae Osborn 1905
Creators: name: Holtz, TR jr.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Dinosauria
Tyrannosauridae

description: Unnamed tyrannosaurid (Carr, Williamson, et Schwimmer, in press) Demopolis Chalk Formation (Alabama), United States middle Campanian Partial skull and postcranium
description: Published as part of Holtz, TR jr., 2004, Tyrannosauroidea, pp. 111-136 in The Dinosauria, University of California Press on page 112, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3374526
CAPTCHA: Using Hard AI Problems for Security
Creators: name: Ahn, Louis Von
name: Blum, Manuel
name: Hopper, Nicholas J.
name: Langford, John
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce CAPTCHA, an automated test that humans can pass, but current computer programs can’t pass: any program that has high success over a CAPTCHA can be used to solve an unsolved Artificial Intelligence (AI) problem. We provide several novel constructions of CAPTCHA. Since CAPTCHAs have many applications in practical security, our approach introduces a new class of hard problems that can be exploited for security purposes. Much like research in cryptography has had a positive impact on algorithms for factoring and discrete log, we hope that the use of hard AI problems for security purposes allows us to advance the field of Artificial Intelligence. We introduce two families of AI problems that can be used to construct CAPTCHAs and we show that solutions to such problems can be used for steganographic communication. CAPTCHAs based on these AI problem families, then, imply a win-win situation: either the problems remain unsolved and there is a way to differentiate humans from computers, or the problems are solved and there is a way to communicate covertly on some channels.
Virulence gene regulation in Bordetella
Creators: name: Mason, Eliza
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: Bordetella species cause respiratory infections in mammals. Their master regulatory system BvgAS controls expression of at least three distinct phenotypic phases in response to environmental cues. The Bvg+ phase is necessary and sufficient for respiratory infection while the Bvg- phase is required for survival ex vivo. We developed a plasmid, pGFLIP, that encodes a sensitive Flp recombinase-based fluorescent reporter system able to document gene activation both in vitro and in vivo. Using pGFLIP, we demonstrated that cyaA, considered to be a late Bvg+ phase gene, is activated substantially earlier in B. bronchiseptica compared to B. pertussis following a switch from Bvg- to Bvg+ phase conditions. We show that the altered activation of cyaA is not due to differences in the cyaA promoter or in the bvgAS alleles of B. bronchiseptica compared to B. pertussis, but appears to be species-specific. Finally, we used pGFLIP to show that flaA remains repressed during infection, confirming that wild-type B. bronchiseptica do not modulate to the Bvg- phase in vivo. Additionally, we obtained large colony variants (LCVs) from the lungs of mice infected with B. bronchiseptica strain RBX9, which contains an in-frame deletion mutation in fhaB, encoding filamentous hemagglutinin. RBX9 also yielded LCVs when switched from Bvg- phase conditions to Bvg+ phase conditions in vitro. We determined that LCVs are composed of both Bvg+ and Bvg- phase bacteria and that they result from defective bvgAS positive autoregulation. The LCV phenotype was linked to the presence of a divergent promoter 5' to bvgAS, suggesting a previously undescribed mechanism of transcriptional interference that, in this case, leads to feedback-based multistability (FBM). Our results also indicate that a small proportion of RBX9 bacteria modulates to the Bvg- phase in vivo. In addition to providing insight into transcriptional interference and FBM, our data provide an example of an in-frame deletion mutation exerting a `polar' effect on nearby genes
On the heat content of a polygon
Creators: name: Berg, Michiel van den
name: Gittins, Katie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K05, 35K20

description: Let $D$ be a bounded, connected, open set in Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ with polygonal boundary. Suppose $D$ has initial temperature $1$ and the complement of $D$ has initial temperature $0$. We obtain the asymptotic behaviour of the heat content of $D$ as time $t \downarrow 0$. We then apply this result to compute the heat content of a particular fractal polyhedron as $t \downarrow 0$.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure
Calculation of primordial abundances of light nuclei including a heavy sterile neutrino
Creators: name: Mosquera, M.
name: Civitarese, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We include the coupling of a heavy sterile neutrino with active neutrinos in the calculation of primordial abundances of light-nuclei. We calculate neutrino distribution functions and primordial abundances, as functions depending on a renormalization of the sterile neutrino distribution function $(a)$, the sterile neutrino mass $(m_s)$ and the mixing angle $(ϕ)$. Using the observable data, we set constrains on these parameters, which have the values $a < 0.60$, $\sin^2 ϕ=0.15$ and $m_s \approx 4$ keV, for a fixed value of the baryon to photon ratio. When the baryon to photon ratio is allowed to vary, its extracted value is in agreement with the values constrained by Planck observations and by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). It is found that the anomaly in the abundance of $^7$Li persists, in spite of the inclusion of a heavy sterile neutrino.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Daspletosaurus torosus Russell 1970
Creators: name: Holtz, TR jr.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Dinosauria
Tyrannosauridae
Daspletosaurus
Daspletosaurus torosus

description: D. torosus Russell, 1970a Oldman Formation, Dinosaur Park Formation (Alberta), Canada; Upper Two Medicine Formation (Montana), United States middle–late Campanian At least 7 partial skulls, complete skull with associated partial postcranium, at least 5 partial skeletons
description: Published as part of Holtz, TR jr., 2004, Tyrannosauroidea, pp. 111-136 in The Dinosauria, University of California Press on page 112, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3374526
Final source eccentricity measured by HBT interferometry with the event shape selection
Creators: name: Niida, Takafumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Azimuthal angle dependence of the pion source radii has been measured applying the event shape engineering technique at the PHENIX experiment. When events with higher magnitude of second-order flow vector are selected, the oscillation of the source radii is enhanced as well as $v_2$ which leads to the enhancement of the measured final source eccentricity. The event twist effect in the spatial source distribution in the final state has been also explored with AMPT model. Results indicate a possible twisted source due to the initial longitudinal fluctuations.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of Hot Quarks 2014 in Las Negras, Spain, Sep. 21-28, 2014
Normed algebras of differentiable functions on compact plane sets
Creators: name: Feinstein, J. F.
name: Dales, H. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 46H05, 46J10, Secondary 46E25

description: We investigate the completeness and completions of the normed algebras $D^{(1)}(X)$ for perfect, compact plane sets $X$. In particular, we construct a radially self-absorbing, compact plane set $X$ such that the normed algebra $D^{(1)}(X)$ is not complete. This solves a question of Bland and Feinstein. We also prove that there are several classes of connected, compact plane sets $X$ for which the completeness of $D^{(1)}(X)$ is equivalent to the pointwise regularity of $X$. For example, this is true for all rectifiably connected, polynomially convex, compact plane sets with empty interior, for all star-shaped, compact plane sets, and for all Jordan arcs in $\mathbb{C}$. In an earlier paper of Bland and Feinstein, the notion of an $\mathcal{F}$-derivative of a function was introduced, where $\mathcal{F}$ is a suitable set of rectifiable paths, and with it a new family of Banach algebras $D_{\mathcal{F}}^{(1)}(X)$ corresponding to the normed algebras $D^{(1)}(X)$. In the present paper, we obtain stronger results concerning the questions when $D^{(1)}(X)$ and $D_{\mathcal{F}}^{(1)}(X)$ are equal, and when the former is dense in the latter. In particular, we show that equality holds whenever $X$ is '$\mathcal{F}$-regular'. An example of Bishop shows that the completion of $D^{(1)}(X)$ need not be semisimple. We show that the completion of $D^{(1)}(X)$ is semisimple whenever the union of all the rectifiable Jordan arcs in $X$ is dense in $X$. We prove that the character space of $D^{(1)}(X)$ is equal to $X$ for all perfect, compact plane sets $X$, whether or not $D^{(1)}(X)$ is complete. In particular, characters on the normed algebras $D^{(1)}(X)$ are automatically continuous.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures
Disease Ecology in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Integration of Spatial Analysis and Population Surveillance
Creators: name: Messina, Jane P.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: In countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) that have limited public health infrastructures, only educated guesses have been made about the spatial distribution of important diseases. This research estimates the spatial distribution of HIV, malaria and anemia prevalence in the DRC, and determines the population, environmental and behavioral drivers underlying these distributions. Using molecular diagnostics from dried blood spots from a 2007 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and demographic data available from this survey, the primary research aims are addressed via spatial analysis and multilevel modeling. The creation of an extensive Geographic Information Systems (GIS) database and selection of individual questionnaire responses is informed by disease ecology theory. In addition to discerning patterns and drivers of disease prevalence in the DRC, this research demonstrates how well population-representative surveillance data can be used to improve understanding of disease transmission in other developing countries. While older people were at greater risk for HIV and anemia, younger people were at greater risk for malaria. Individual wealth increased HIV risk, while it protected against malaria. Increased risk for anemia was found in certain cultural groups. Living near urban areas increased risk for HIV and decreased risk for malaria. Certain types of agriculture were protective against anemia. Greater density of nearby conflict since 1994 decreased malaria risk and proximity to a refugee camp was protective against anemia in women. Certain population characteristics and behaviors were equally or more important at the community level as at the individual level. Greater individual wealth was protective against malaria along with the average wealth of the community in which one lived. This research extends beyond the scope of what would have been possible with the DHS dataset alone. The molecular results for malaria parasitaemia as well as habitat data from a variety of sources contributed to the creation of a complex database which enabled all aspects of disease ecology to be explored.
Angular Power Spectra with Finite Counts
Creators: name: Campbell, Sheldon S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Angular anisotropy techniques for cosmic diffuse radiation maps are powerful probes, even for quite small data sets. A popular observable is the angular power spectrum; we present a detailed study applicable to any unbinned source skymap S(n) from which N random, independent events are observed. Its exact variance, which is due to the finite statistics, depends only on S(n) and N; we also derive an unbiased estimator of the variance from the data. First-order effects agree with previous analytic estimates. Importantly, heretofore unidentified higher-order effects are found to contribute to the variance and may cause the uncertainty to be significantly larger than previous analytic estimates---potentially orders of magnitude larger. Neglect of these higher-order terms, when significant, may result in a spurious detection of the power spectrum. On the other hand, this would indicate the presence of higher-order spatial correlations, such as a large bispectrum, providing new clues about the sources. Numerical simulations are shown to support these conclusions. Applying the formalism to an ensemble of Gaussian-distributed skymaps, the noise-dominated part of the power spectrum uncertainty is significantly increased at high multipoles by the new, higher-order effects. This work is important for harmonic analyses of the distributions of diffuse high-energy gamma-rays, neutrinos, and charged cosmic rays, as well as for populations of sparse point sources such as active galactic nuclei.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
Causal Inference and Principal Stratification: Competing Risks, Bounds, and Surrogates
Creators: name: Long, Dustin
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: Establishing statistical methods for quantifying the effects of interventions to prevent infectious diseases is the overall objective of this research. The principal stratification framework is frequently implemented to make causal comparisons where naive methods fail. For HIV vaccine trials, estimates of the causal effect of vaccine on viral load or post-infection survival is challenging using standard methods because all individuals do not become infected during the trial. In this scenario, the "principal" effect, which is the causal effect within a principal stratum, is the effect of vaccine on viral load for subjects who would be infected during the trial regardless of treatment assignment. Without strong assumptions, the principal effect is not identifiable and usually requires bounding, or sensitivity analysis, of the principal effect often resulting in bounds that are often large and uninformative. Methods for estimating, i.e., bounding, the principal effect of treatment on competing risks outcomes have not been developed. Furthermore, situations where bounds on the principal effect can be improved by using baseline covariates have not been investigated. The principal stratification framework can also be used to determine surrogates of vaccine protection, i.e., biomarkers measured during a trial that are correlated with the desired outcome (infection). Repeated low-dose challenge studies are often used to evaluate potential vaccines. While these studies more accurately mimic exposure, the assessment of the potential surrogates greatly depends on the study design. Evaluation and comparison of different study designs have not been performed. Therefore, we propose to 1) develop methods to analyze the principal effect of treatment on competing risks outcomes, 2) investigate the improvement of the bounds on the principal effect based on baseline covariates, and 3) evaluate designs of repeated low-dose challenge experiments to assess surrogates of vaccine protection.
Atopogonus Carl 1926
Creators: name: Golovatch, Sergei
name: Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques
name: Mauriès, Jean-Paul
name: VandenSpiegel, Didier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Polydesmida
Haplodesmidae
Atopogonus

description: Genus Atopogonus Carl, 1926 Type species: Atopogonus baccatus Carl, 1926, by monotypy (type locality: New Caledonia, France). Diagnosis. Body with 20 segments, subcylindrical, not capable of volvation, with paraterga 2 rather well developed, but subsequent ones represented by lateral swellings at most. Collum small; collum and following paraterga microtuberculate or granular. Gonopods with small virtually bare and reduced gonocoxae and peculiar, strongly geniculate telopodite, coupled with no traces of either a coxal cannula or a seminal groove.
description: Published as part of Golovatch, Sergei, Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques, Mauriès, Jean-Paul & VandenSpiegel, Didier, 2009, Review of the millipede family Haplodesmidae Cook, 1895, with descriptions of some new or poorly-known species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida), pp. 1-53 in ZooKeys 7 (7) on page 44, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.7.117, http://zenodo.org/record/576436
description: {"references": ["Carl J (1926) Diplopoden von Neu-Caledonien und Loyalty-Inseln. In: Sarasin F, Roux J (eds) Nova Caledonia, Zoologie 4: 369 - 462."]}
Environmental epigenomics: altered DNA methylation patterns in humans exposed to inorganic arsenic
Creators: name: Smith, Nikia
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2010

description: Inorganic arsenic is a contaminant currently poisoning the drinking water supplies of many countries around the world. High doses of inorganic arsenic can lead to arsenic poisoning, which is characterized by skin lesions and skin cancer. It is thought that arsenic may affect gene regulation via epigenetic modes of action such as DNA methylation rather than mutating the DNA sequence of genes. In this study we compared the methylation profiles of 16 individuals from an arsenic endemic region of Mexico. These individuals had varying levels of exposure to arsenic and half displayed signs of arsenicosis. Comparative analyses showed that there were significant differences in the methylation levels of cancer-associated genes between arsenic-exposed and unexposed individuals. These data demonstrate the significant effects of arsenic on the epigenome and highlight the continued need for monitoring of exposure and subsequent health consequences of populations around the globe.
Daspletosaurus Russell 1970
Creators: name: Holtz, TR jr.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Dinosauria
Tyrannosauridae
Daspletosaurus

description: Unnamed Daspletosaurus species Lower Kirtland Formation (New Mexico), United States late Campanian Incomplete skull and skeleton, additional partial skulls and postcrania
description: Published as part of Holtz, TR jr., 2004, Tyrannosauroidea, pp. 111-136 in The Dinosauria, University of California Press on page 112, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3374526