cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sector Models - A Toolkit for Teaching General Relativity. Part 1: Curved Spaces and Spacetimes
Creators: name: Zahn, C.
name: Kraus, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Teaching the general theory of relativity to high school or undergraduate students must be based on an approach that is conceptual rather than mathematical. In this paper we present such an approach that requires no more than elementary mathematics. The central idea of this introduction to general relativity is the use of so-called sector models. Sector models describe curved spaces the Regge calculus way by subdivision into blocks with euclidean geometry. This procedure is similar to the approximation of a curved surface by flat triangles. We outline a workshop for high school and undergraduate students that introduces the notion of curved space by means of sector models of black holes. We further describe the extension to sector models of curved spacetimes. The spacetime models are suitable for learners with a basic knowledge of special relativity. For online teaching materials, see http://www.spacetimetravel.org . ----- Für die Vermittlung der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie in der Schule, im Grund- oder im Nebenfachstudium besteht das Anliegen, eine fachlich befriedigende Darstellung zu geben, die nicht mehr als Schulmathematik voraussetzt. Wir stellen in diesem Beitrag einen solchen Zugang vor. Das zentrale Werkzeug unserer Einführung sind sogenannte Sektormodelle, die gekrümmte Räume im Sinne des Regge-Kalküls durch eine Zerlegung in kleine, ungekrümmte Sektoren beschreiben, ähnlich der Triangulierung einer gekrümmten Fläche. Wir schildern einen Workshop für Schüler/innen und Studierende, in dem gekrümmte Räume anhand von Sektormodellen Schwarzer Löcher eingeführt werden. Wir beschreiben ferner die Erweiterung auf Sektormodelle gekrümmter Raumzeiten. Raumzeitliche Sektormodelle setzen Grundkenntnisse der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie voraus. Online-Materialien unter http://www.tempolimit-lichtgeschwindigkeit.de .
description: bilingual: English version 18 pages, 9 figures, for associated movies see http://www.spacetimetravel.org/sectormodels1/sectormodels1.html. German version 19 pages, 9 figures, for associated movies see http://www.tempolimit-lichtgeschwindigkeit.de/sectormodels1/sectormodels1.html
A novel computational framework for analyzing single-cell transcriptomics data: applications to T cell exhaustion and cancer immunotherapy response
Creators: name: Klocke, Christopher
name: Moran, Amy
name: Adey, Andrew
name: McWeeney, Shannon
name: Wong, Melissa
name: Wu, Guanming
Publisher: name: Oregon Health & Science University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: T-Cell Exhaustion
subject: T cell exhaustion
subject: immunotherapy
subject: single-cell RNA-seq
subject: cancer
subject: computational biology
subject: treatment resistance

description: This novel computational framework for the analysis of single-cell gene expression data from human tumor samples enables the identification of molecular activity associated with CD8 T cell exhaustion across multiple cell types. It also provides the capability to consider these changes in the context of immunotherapy response. Its application yielded new insights into potential mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies in cancer patients.
The NSVZ beta-function and the Schwinger-Dyson equations for N=1 SQED with N_f flavors, regularized by higher derivatives
Creators: name: Stepanyantz, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective diagram technique based on the Schwinger-Dyson equations is constructed for N=1 SQED with N_f flavors, regularized by higher derivatives. Using these effective diagrams, it is possible to derive the exact NSVZ relation between the beta-function and the anomalous dimension of the matter superfields exactly in all loops, if the renormalization group functions are defined in terms of the bare coupling constant. In particular, we verify that all integrals which give the beta-function defined in terms of the bare coupling constant are integrals of double total derivatives and prove some identities relating Green functions.
description: 70 pages, 24 figures; v2: a reference added
Investment decision support for zero subsidy wind and solar – An optimization based simulation approach
Creators: name: Rothenberg, Florian
name: Braun, Sebastian
name: Zimmermann, Florian
name: Keles, Dogan
name: Fichtner, Wolf
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2020

description: In the past decade, variable renewable energy sources became increasingly competitive due to rapidly falling manufacturing costs. However, prices cannibalization could lead to limited market driven investments. In this paper, we present a method to use a dispatch model to find an investment decision that can account for country risk factors such as social acceptance as well as the fundamental factors that influence the power market such as existing capacities and fuel prices. Results show that Solar PV is more affected by price cannibalization and Spain has large unrealized potential for market driven Solar PV investments.
A simple effective rule to estimate the jamming packing fraction of polydisperse hard spheres
Creators: name: Santos, Andrés
name: Yuste, Santos B.
name: de Haro, Mariano López
name: Odriozola, Gerardo
name: Ogarko, Vitaliy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent proposal in which the equation of state of a polydisperse hard-sphere mixture is mapped onto that of the one-component fluid is extrapolated beyond the freezing point to estimate the jamming packing fraction $ϕ_\text{J}$ of the polydisperse system as a simple function of $M_1M_3/M_2^2$, where $M_k$ is the $k$th moment of the size distribution. An analysis of experimental and simulation data of $ϕ_\text{J}$ for a large number of different mixtures shows a remarkable general agreement with the theoretical estimate. To give extra support to the procedure, simulation data for seventeen mixtures in the high-density region are used to infer the equation of state of the pure hard-sphere system in the metastable region. An excellent collapse of the inferred curves up to the glass transition and a significant narrowing of the different out-of-equilibrium glass branches all the way to jamming are observed. Thus, the present approach provides an extremely simple criterion to unify in a common framework and to give coherence to data coming from very different polydisperse hard-sphere mixtures.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; v2: slight changes plus new references
The targum (1931:Apr. 14 - 1931:Apr. 28)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1931

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Information-geometric Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods using Diffusions
Creators: name: Livingstone, Samuel
name: Girolami, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent work incorporating geometric ideas in Markov chain Monte Carlo is reviewed in order to highlight these advances and their possible application in a range of domains beyond Statistics. A full exposition of Markov chains and their use in Monte Carlo simulation for Statistical inference and molecular dynamics is provided, with particular emphasis on methods based on Langevin diffusions. After this geometric concepts in Markov chain Monte Carlo are introduced. A full derivation of the Langevin diffusion on a Riemannian manifold is given, together with a discussion of appropriate Riemannian metric choice for different problems. A survey of applications is provided, and some open questions are discussed.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures
title: Association of Demographic Factors and Comorbid Diagnoses with Crime Typein an Arrest Cohort with Schizophrenia and/or Related Psychosis
Creators: name: McCabe, Patrick J.
name: Druhn, Nicholas
name: Fisher, William H.
name: Roy-Bujnowski, Kristen M.
name: Simon, Lorna J.
name: Grudzinskas Jr., Albert J.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2009

description: The implications of the interface between the criminal justice system and individuals with schizophrenia persist despite decades of research on criminalization and risk of arrest. Research exploring the broader construct of criminality has predominantly focused on individuals with severe mental illness as a collective. This study diverges from others by examining diagnoses comorbid with schizophrenia and related psychoses and their relationships with risk of arrest across a spectrum of criminal categories ranging in severity.
Polarization states of high-harmonics generated in silicon from elliptical drivers
Creators: name: Klemke, Nicolai
name: Tancogne-Dejean, Nicolas
name: Rossi, Giulio Maria
name: Yang, Yudong
name: Mainz, Roland
name: Di Sciacca, Giuseppe
name: Rubio, Angel
name: Mücke, Oliver
name: Kärtner, Franz
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2018

description: Ultrafast Phenomena, UP 2018, Hamburg, Germany, 15 Jul 2018 - 20 Jul 2018
description: The polarization states of high-harmonics generated in silicon with elliptical excitation is studied. Circularly polarized harmonics are demonstrated with both circular and non-circularexcitation, determined by crystal symmetry and dynamical response of the system.
The targum (1931:May 2 - 1931:May 19)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1931

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Fractional Maps and Fractional Attractors. Part II: Fractional Difference $α$-Families of Maps
Creators: name: Edelman, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: G.1.7
subject: 47H99, 60G99, 34A99, 39A70

description: In this paper we extend the notion of an $α$-family of maps to discrete systems defined by simple difference equations with the fractional Caputo difference operator. The equations considered are equivalent to maps with falling factorial-law memory which is asymptotically power-law memory. We introduce the fractional difference Universal, Standard, and Logistic $α$-Families of Maps and propose to use them to study general properties of discrete nonlinear systems with asymptotically power-law memory.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
title: The Pit & the Pendulum: Sex Offender Laws
Creators: name: Grudzinskas Jr., Albert J.
name: Federoff, John Paul
name: Saleh, Fabian M.
name: Leistedt, Samuel J-J
name: Grubin, Don
name: University Hospital Hamburg
name: Bunzel, Michael
name: Cody, Richard P.
name: Murphy, Lisa
name: Martineau, Melissa
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2009

description: For centuries the criminal justice system has struggled to define the methodology of and the justifications for social control of sexual behavior that does not conform to community mores. This poster compares and contrasts the historical and contemporary attempts in the United States, Canada, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany to address the risk created by individuals who engage in behaviors broadly characterized as sexually deviant. Where available, we consider the rationale for sentencing, and the earliest attempts to bring “treatment” into the criminal dispositional formula for sexual based prosecution. We also consider the impact that the choice of societal response has on risk assessment and evaluation in the various systems, including where available, the assessment and commitment of juvenile offenders. The current practice of civil commitment for a person deemed to be a sexually violent predator (SVP) is discussed highlighting the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Kansas v. Hendricks. This practice will then be compared and contrasted with the approach of designating an offender as a Dangerous Offender (DO) or a Long-Term Offender (LTO) under the criminal law. We also highlight sex offender registries where applicable. This poster is intended as an overview of the law as it exists, and not as a defense or a critique of any specific model.
Particle production during axion inflation - New probes of inflation?
Creators: name: Mukaida, Kyohei
name: Domcke, Valerie Fiona
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2018

description: DAMTP-Cavendish HEP seminar, Cambridge, DAMTP, UK, 9 Nov 2018
Benchmarks for Dark Matter Searches at the LHC
Creators: name: De Simone, Andrea
name: Giudice, Gian Francesco
name: Strumia, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose some scenarios to pursue dark matter searches at the LHC in a fairly model-independent way. The first benchmark case is dark matter co-annihilations with coloured particles (gluinos or squarks being special examples). We determine the masses that lead to the correct thermal relic density including, for the first time, strong Sommerfeld corrections taking into account colour decomposition. In the second benchmark case we consider dark matter that couples to SM particles via the Z or the Higgs. We determine the couplings allowed by present experiments and discuss future prospects. Finally we present the case of dark matter that freezes out via decays and apply our results to invisible Z and Higgs decays.
description: 22 pages. v3: references added, factors of 2 fixed in section 2.1
title: PTSD/SUD in Individuals with Physical Disabilities: Identifying Problems and Promising Interventions
Creators: name: Anderson, Melissa L.
name: Ziedonis, Douglas M.
name: Najavits, Lisa M.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2014

description: Co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) is common, affects multiple domains of functioning, and presents complex challenges to recovery. Initial research indicates that individuals with physical disabilities experience higher rates of lifetime trauma and PTSD, and exhibit more severe SUD compared to non-disabled individuals. To expand upon these initial findings, we conducted a series of two studies on PTSD and SUD among individuals with physical disabilities.
The targum (1931:June 6)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1931

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Food habits of Hylaeamys seuanezi (Weksler, Geise & Cerqueira, 1999) (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in forest formations: a comparison of methods and habitats
Creators: name: dos Santos, Maycon F. C.
name: Alvarez, Martín R.
name: Cassano, Camila R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Food habits are traces of a species’ natural history that help us to understand how the organisms interact with the environment. Hylaeamys seuanezi is a forest-specialist rodent also recorded in diverse shaded cocoa agroforestry systems. Here we describe and classify its diet, comparing the results acquired from stomach and fecal contents, collected in forest and cocoa agroforest sites. We analyzed 203 samples from 126 individuals: 51 captured in agroforest and 75 in forest. We measured the relative contribution of vegetable and animal matter and the relative frequency of 17 food items. Our results indicate that H. seuanezi consumes a greater proportion of vegetable than animal matter, but should be considered omnivore, given the frequent consumption of arthropods. The richness and composition of items was similar between stomach and fecal samples. The richness of items also did not vary between the environments, but the composition of the items did. Intact seeds were more frequent in samples from forests and unidentified arthropods and Hymenoptera in samples from agroforest. Despite variation among consumed items, the diverse shaded cocoa agroforestry systems provide a diversity of resources, which likely favor the maintenance of H. seuanezi in these plantations and in the study region.
Exergy Analysis and Parametric Study of Recuperated Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Rankine Cycle
Creators: name: Rafe Md. Abu Zayed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide shows significant advantages as a working fluid used in waste heat recovery applications. In this study, a recuperated supercritical carbon dioxide Rankine cycle is designed for waste heat recovery purpose. Component wise exergy analysis, exergy destruction and overall exergy efficiency analysis of the cycle are performed. It is shown that key thermodynamic parameters such as turbine inlet temperature, turbine inlet pressure, pump inlet temperature and terminal temperature difference have significant effect on overall exergy efficiency of the cycle.

Published in: 4th International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial and Materials Engineering (ICMIME2019),Rajshahi,Bangladesh.
Published site:http://icmime-ruet.ac.bd/2019/DIR/thermal engineering.html
BPS Soliton Solutions of a D3-brane Action
Creators: name: Schwarz, John H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The world-volume action of a probe D3-brane in $AdS_5 \times S^5$ with $N$ units of flux has the field content, symmetries, and dualities of the $U(1)$ factor of ${\cal N} = 4$ $U(N+1)$ super Yang--Mills theory, spontaneously broken to $U(N) \times U(1)$ by being on the Coulomb branch, with the massive fields integrated out. Thus, it might be the exact effective action (a highly effective action), or else a useful approximation to it. We construct an $SL(2,Z)$ multiplet of BPS soliton solutions of the D3-brane action and show that in the $N=1$ case they correspond to the electrically charged states that have been integrated out as well as magnetic monopoles and dyons. Their charges are uniformly spread on a spherical surface, a soliton bubble, which can be interpreted as a phase boundary. This picture is consistent with previous results in the string theory and field theory literature.
description: 18 pages; v2: Additional references and discussion; v3: One more reference and minor improvements
Constraining the structure of the transition disk HD 135344B (SAO 206462) by simultaneous modeling of multiwavelength gas and dust observations
Creators: name: Carmona, A.
name: Pinte, C.
name: Thi, W. F.
name: Benisty, M.
name: Ménard, F.
name: Grady, C.
name: Kamp, I.
name: Woitke, P.
name: Olofsson, J.
name: Roberge, A.
name: Brittain, S.
name: Dûchene, G.
name: Meeus, G.
name: Martin-Zaïdi, C.
name: Dent, B.
name: Bouquin, J. B. Le
name: Berger, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HD 135344B is an accreting (pre-) transition disk that displays the emission of warm CO extending tens of AU inside its 30 AU dust cavity. We used the dust radiative transfer code MCFOST and the thermochemical code ProDiMo to derive the disk structure from the simultaneous modeling of the spectral energy distribution (SED), VLT/CRIRES CO P(10) 4.75 micron, Herschel/PACS [O I] 63 micron, Spitzer-IRS, and JCMT 12CO J=3-2 spectra, VLTI/PIONIER H-band visibilities, and constraints from (sub-)mm continuum interferometry and near-IR imaging. We found a disk model able to describe the current observations simultaneously. This disk has the following structure. (1) To reproduce the SED, the near-IR interferometry data, and the CO ro-vibrational emission, refractory grains (we suggest carbon) are present inside the silicate sublimation radius (0.08 100 to account for the 870 micron continuum upper limit and the CO P(10) line flux. (5) The gas/dust ratio at 30
description: 23 pages, 13 figures, accepted by A&A; V2: language edited
Chiral transition with magnetic fields
Creators: name: Ayala, Alejandro
name: Hernandez, Luis Alberto
name: Mizher, Ana Julia
name: Rojas, Juan Cristobal
name: Villavicencio, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nature of the chiral transition for an effective theory with spontaneous breaking of symmetry, where charged bosons and fermions are subject to the effects of a constant external magnetic field. The problem is studied in terms of the relative intensity of the magnetic field with respect to the mass and the temperature. When the former is the smallest of the scales, we present a suitable method to obtain magnetic and thermal corrections up to ring order at high temperature. By these means, we solve the problem of the instability in the boson sector for these theories, where the squared masses, taken as functions of the order parameter, can vanish and even become negative. The solution is found by considering the screening properties of the plasma, encoded in the resummation of the ring diagrams at high temperature. We also study the case where the magnetic field is the intermediate of the three scales and explore the nature of the chiral transition as we vary the field strength, the coupling constants and the number of fermions. We show that the critical temperature for the restoration of chiral symmetry monotonically increases from small to intermediate values of the magnetic fields and that this temperature is always above the critical temperature for the case when the magnetic field is absent.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, added comments. Version to appear in Phys. Rev D
title: Development of a Customized Vaping Cessation Initiative to Assist Massachusetts Youth Who Wish to Quit Vaping
Creators: name: Del'Olio, Karen
name: Vitali, Nanette
name: Camille, Webb
name: Cranos, Caroline
name: Pbert, Lori
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2019

description: The U.S. Surgeon General has identified the use of e-cigarettes, known as vaping, as an epidemic among our youth, addicting a new generation to nicotine. In addition, the growing number of cases of lung injury and deaths associated with e-cigarette use reported to CDC adds to the urgency in addressing this epidemic.

The Massachusetts Youth Health Survey (MYHS, 2017) reports 20.1% of high schoolers currently use e-cigarettes while 10% of middle schoolers have tried e-cigarettes. Since the MYHS report, the vaping epidemic has risen nationally at an alarming rate with an additional 1.5 million more youth using e-cigarettes from 2017 – 2018 (National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2018).

Given the vaping epidemic among youth in Massachusetts, the Center for Tobacco Treatment Research and Training at the University of Massachusetts Medical School responded to school nurses’ requests for assistance in helping students quit by collaborating with the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and interested schools in the development of a customized vaping cessation initiative. A school nurse working group from across Massachusetts was convened to (1) gather information about relevant issues in their schools and resources needed, and (2) guide the development of practical resources for students and school personnel.

Working group members provided input on: (1) the vaping environment in their schools, (2) cessation needs, and (3) barriers to assisting students who vape to quit, including lack of quitting resources and knowledge about vaping. Information gained from the working group and a continuous refinement process was used to develop and finalize vaping cessation resources for schools, school nurses and youth including: (1) brief student materials on vaping addiction and available resources, and (2) brief provider’s guide and a more comprehensive clinical protocol with booklet for school nurses and other providers to assist youth dependent on nicotine through the process of quitting vaping.
Chalker scaling, level repulsion, and conformal invariance in critically delocalized quantum matter: Disordered topological superconductors and artificial graphene
Creators: name: Chou, Yang-Zhi
name: Foster, Matthew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigate critically delocalized wavefunctions in models of 2D Dirac fermions, subject to vector potential disorder. These describe the surface states of 3D topological superconductors, and can also be realized through long-range correlated bond randomness in artificial materials like molecular graphene. A frozen regime can occur for strong disorder in these systems, wherein a single wavefunction presents a few localized peaks separated by macroscopic distances. Despite this rarefied spatial structure, we find robust correlations between eigenstates at different energies, at both weak and strong disorder. The associated level statistics are always approximately Wigner-Dyson. The system shows generalized Chalker (quantum critical) scaling, even when individual states are quasilocalized in space. We confirm analytical predictions for the density of states and multifractal spectra. For a single Dirac valley, we establish that finite energy states show universal multifractal spectra consistent with the integer quantum Hall plateau transition. A single Dirac fermion at finite energy can therefore behave as a Quantum Hall critical metal. For the case of two valleys and non-abelian disorder, we verify predictions of conformal field theory. Our results for the non-abelian case imply that both delocalization and conformal invariance are topologically-protected for multivalley topological superconductor surface states.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, published version
title: Targeted multielectrode tDCS increases functional connectivity within the arcuate fasciculus network: An exploratory study and analysis
Creators: name: Lerud, Karl D.
name: Shinde, Anant B.
name: Thielscher, Axel
name: Ross, David A.
name: Schlaug, Gottfried
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2020

description: Non-invasive electrical stimulation can modulate not only targeted local intrinsic brain activity, but also activity in remote, yet connected brain regions. Such modulation of connected regions and/or entire networks may account for some of the treatment-induced changes in complex behaviors and cognitive processes. The current study tested whether strategically-placed electrodes delivering transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to single or several nodal cortical regions within a structurally-defined network, the arcuate fasciculus network (AF-network), have the potential to strengthen functional connectivity between network regions more effectively than a single electrode placed over an individual nodal region within that same network. Concurrent tDCS-MR imaging was utilized to acquire resting-state fMRI while delivering 4 mA of direct current in multiple OFF-ON-OFF epochs with either a single- or multielectrode anodal montage over nodal cortical regions of the AF-network. Multielectrode anodal stimulation significantly changed functional connectivity between ipsilateral AF-network nodes while no single anodal electrode placed over one nodal region of the right AF-network did so. This significant change in functional connectivity was specific to the targeted right AF-network and could not be seen in other unrelated networks in the same hemisphere (e.g., the inferior longitudinal fasciculus). Functional connectivity measures were compared with electric field modeling measures to estimate target engagement. Regional homogeneity of current tangential to the cortical surface of the AF-network-targeted cortical nodes (J tangent) significantly predicted functional connectivity between these cortical nodes. Taking the anatomy and the drivers of a targeted network into account will help advance the efficacy of an intervention and precision medicine in general.
Stability analysis of (a class of) anisotropic spacetimes
Creators: name: Khamesra, Bhavesh
name: Suneeta, V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider spherically symmetric spacetimes sourced by a fluid with pressure anisotropy in the radial direction. We use gauge-invariant perturbation theory to study the stability of this class of spacetimes under axial perturbations. We apply our results to three diverse examples. Two examples arise as endpoints of collapse of a ball of fluid --- one describes a well-behaved stellar interior and the other has a naked singularity. We prove the stability of the stellar interior both with respect to Dirichlet and quasinormal mode boundary conditions on the perturbation. Surprisingly, the naked singularity is also stable under axial perturbations. Lastly, we take the example of anisotropic cosmology to show that in this case, the relevant perturbations are those in which the direction of anisotropy is also perturbed.
description: 25 pages, references added, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
title: PAD2 Dysregulation and Abnormal Protein Citrullination in ALS Disease Models
Creators: name: Yusuf, Issa
name: Qiao, Tao
name: Tilvawala, Ronak
name: Thompson, Paul
name: Xu, Zuoshang
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2020

description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a deadly neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons, paralysis and eventual death. The mechanism of ALS is still incompletely understood, and the disease is to date without an effective remedy. Protein arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) converts peptidyl-Arginine into peptidyl-Citrulline, a post-translational modification referred to as citrullination. Aberrant expression of PAD2 and protein citrullination are increased in several neurodegenerative conditions. Whether this increase is involved in ALS is unknown. In this study, we investigated PAD2 and protein citrullination in two genetic mouse models of ALS expressing human mutant SOD1G93A and PFN1C71G, respectively, and in post-mortem human ALS spinal cord. We show that the expression of PAD2 mRNA and protein expressions are increased progressively along with the ALS progression. Additionally, protein citrullination is increase following the same trend. These changes occur in areas with the most severe motor neuron degeneration including the spinal cord, and brainstem. We show that the increase in PAD2 and citrullinated proteins occur specifically in astrocytes coinciding with the development of reactive astrogliosis. Finally, we show that citrullinated proteins form non-astrocyte aggregate patterns; and are dominantly expressed in insoluble protein fractions. These results demonstrate that PAD2 dysregulation and increased protein citrullination are key characteristics of reactive astrogliosis, and possibly drive some type of protein aggregation in the pathogenesis of ALS. Because protein citrullination alters protein functions, our results suggest that PAD2 and protein citrullination play a role in astrogliosis and astrocytic toxicity in ALS and other neurodegenerative conditions.
title: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Post-stroke Motor Recovery - a Phase II Study (TRANSPORT2)
Creators: name: Gunduz, Muhammed E.
name: Shinde, Anant B.
name: Lerud, Karl D.
name: Feng, Wayne
name: Schlaug, Gottfried
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2020

description: Stroke is a leading cause of disability, most commonly with motor deficit. The motor recovery is associated with the structural and/or functional degree of injury to descending motor pathways. Additionally, neuroplasticity contributes to the recovery by unmasking pre-existing connections, establishing new synaptic contacts, reorganizing peri-lesional and contralesional regions. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, enhances neuroplasticity. When combined with peripheral therapy, tDCS can enhance motor skill acquisition/consolidation by modulating afferent inputs to the cortex while concurrently receiving central stimulation. Furthermore, meta-analyses showed that bihemispheric stimulation (anodal over affected M1, cathodal over contralesional M1) is better than unihemispheric stimulation, and that higher current density may have a stronger effect. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) is a standardized, efficacy-proven peripheral rehabilitation therapy to overcome learned non-use of the affected upper extremity. It has two critical components: i)Intense Training of the affected extremity with very specific well-defined interventions; ii)Constraining the unaffected extremity for a certain amount of hours per day.

TRANSPORT2, a randomized, double-blinded, multi-centered clinical trial, aims to determine whether there is a treatment effect among three tDCS doses (sham/2mA/4mA) combined with CIMT in 129 patients with first-ever unihemispheric ischemic stroke in the past 30-180 days, resulting in hemiparesis. The primary outcome is the Fugl-Myer Upper-Extremity (FM-UE) scale, a measure of motor impairment, on day 15 after the start of the intervention. Secondary outcomes include i)Wolf-Motor-Function-Test, measure of functional motor activity; ii)Stroke-Impact-Scale, measure of quality of life. We also examine whether the structural and functional integrity of the descending motor tract, measured by MRI(wCST-LL) and TMS(MEPs) are correlated with changes in FM-UE scale, and evaluate their utility as biomarkers of patient selection in future studies. We hypothesize that combination of bihemispheric tDCS at 2 or 4 mA with CIMT will lead to a greater motor improvement on day 15.
title: Supporting Family Members of Youth in Mental Health Crisis
Creators: name: Feriante, Joshua
name: Cintron, Maite
name: Shayani, Ariella
name: Denietolis, Brian M.
name: Lauer, Emily
name: Cochran, David
name: Dvir, Yael
name: Rubin, Emily
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2020

description: The Sibling Support Program: A Family-Centered Mental Health Initiative, developed at the E.K. Shriver Center of UMass Medical School, addresses the impact of a youth’s mental health challenges on typically-developing siblings and caregivers. The project is an IRB-approved research study at Cambridge Health Alliance, and the principles of the project have been implemented at three sites in Worcester that provide gradated levels of care, ranging from residential to community-based. Findings show that regardless of the severity of a child’s mental health challenges, as evidenced by the level of care the child receives, family members display a similar need for support. The three sites in Worcester are: Continuing Care Units (CCU) at Worcester Recovery Center & Hospital; the Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (CANDO) at UMass Medical School; and a community collaboration between the Massachusetts Child Psychiatry Access Program (McPAP), the Parent/Professional Advocacy League (PPAL), and the department of psychiatry at UMass Medical School. The project aims to increase resiliency and mitigate the trauma commonly experienced by siblings of youth with mental health needs; build skills, competency and confidence among parents; strengthen the family unit; and build capacity among psychiatry trainees. Interventions include psycho-educational groups for caregivers and sibling support groups for children growing up alongside the affected youth. Participants completed surveys following the intervention to report on knowledge learned, satisfaction level, and behavioral change anticipated by the participant. This innovative program utilizes parent mentors and trainees to deliver interventions, with high satisfaction scores among participants. Results suggest that a child’s mental health challenges can be traumatic for family members, and that sharing stories and being introduced to coping skills can help alleviate the stress and anxiety related to living with a child with mental health issues. The program serves as a training elective for psychiatry residents at UMMS.
The shape of the radio wavefront of extensive air showers as measured with LOFAR
Creators: name: Corstanje, A.
name: Schellart, P.
name: Nelles, A.
name: Buitink, S.
name: Enriquez, J. E.
name: Falcke, H.
name: Frieswijk, W.
name: Hörandel, J. R.
name: Krause, M.
name: Rachen, J. P.
name: Scholten, O.
name: ter Veen, S.
name: Thoudam, S.
name: Trinh, G.
name: Akker, M. van den
name: Alexov, A.
name: Anderson, J.
name: Avruch, I. M.
name: Bell, M. E.
name: Bentum, M. J.
name: Bernardi, G.
name: Best, P.
name: Bonafede, A.
name: Breitling, F.
name: Broderick, J.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Butcher, H. R.
name: Ciardi, B.
name: de Gasperin, F.
name: de Geus, E.
name: de Vos, M.
name: Duscha, S.
name: Eislöffel, J.
name: Engels, D.
name: Fallows, R. A.
name: Ferrari, C.
name: Garrett, M. A.
name: Griessmeier, J.
name: Gunst, A. W.
name: Hamaker, J. P.
name: Hoeft, M.
name: Horneffer, A.
name: Iacobelli, M.
name: Juette, E.
name: Karastergiou, A.
name: Kohler, J.
name: Kondratiev, V. I.
name: Kuniyoshi, M.
name: Kuper, G.
name: Maat, P.
name: Mann, G.
name: McFadden, R.
name: McKay-Bukowski, D.
name: Mevius, M.
name: Munk, H.
name: Norden, M. J.
name: Orru, E.
name: Paas, H.
name: Pandey-Pommier, M.
name: Pandey, V. N.
name: Pizzo, R.
name: Polatidis, A. G.
name: Reich, W.
name: Röttgering, H.
name: Scaife, A. M. M.
name: Schwarz, D.
name: Smirnov, O.
name: Stewart, A.
name: Steinmetz, M.
name: Swinbank, J.
name: Tagger, M.
name: Tang, Y.
name: Tasse, C.
name: Toribio, C.
name: Vermeulen, R.
name: Vocks, C.
name: van Weeren, R. J.
name: Wijnholds, S. J.
name: Wucknitz, O.
name: Yatawatta, S.
name: Zarka, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive air showers, induced by high energy cosmic rays impinging on the Earth's atmosphere, produce radio emission that is measured with the LOFAR radio telescope. As the emission comes from a finite distance of a few kilometers, the incident wavefront is non-planar. A spherical, conical or hyperbolic shape of the wavefront has been proposed, but measurements of individual air showers have been inconclusive so far. For a selected high-quality sample of 161 measured extensive air showers, we have reconstructed the wavefront by measuring pulse arrival times to sub-nanosecond precision in 200 to 350 individual antennas. For each measured air shower, we have fitted a conical, spherical, and hyperboloid shape to the arrival times. The fit quality and a likelihood analysis show that a hyperboloid is the best parametrization. Using a non-planar wavefront shape gives an improved angular resolution, when reconstructing the shower arrival direction. Furthermore, a dependence of the wavefront shape on the shower geometry can be seen. This suggests that it will be possible to use a wavefront shape analysis to get an additional handle on the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum, which is sensitive to the mass of the primary particle.
description: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Splitting methods with variable metric for KL functions
Creators: name: Frankel, Pierre
name: Garrigos, Guillaume
name: Peypouquet, Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the convergence of general abstract descent methods applied to a lower semicontinuous nonconvex function f that satisfies the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz inequality in a Hilbert space. We prove that any precompact sequence converges to a critical point of f and obtain new convergence rates both for the values and the iterates. The analysis covers alternating versions of the forward-backward method with variable metric and relative errors. As an example, a nonsmooth and nonconvex version of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is detailled.
Testbeam and Laboratory Characterization of CMS 3D Pixel Sensors
Creators: name: Bubna, M.
name: Alagoz, E.
name: Krzywda, A.
name: Koybasi, O.
name: Arndt, K.
name: Bortoletto, D.
name: Shipsey, I.
name: Bolla, G.
name: Kok, A.
name: Hansen, T. -E.
name: Hansen, T. A.
name: Jensen, G. U.
name: Brom, J. M.
name: Boscardin, M.
name: Chramowicz, J.
name: Cumalat, J.
name: Betta, G. F. Dalla
name: Dinardo, M.
name: Godshalk, A.
name: Jones, M.
name: Krohn, M. D.
name: Kumar, A.
name: Lei, C. M.
name: Moroni, L.
name: Perera, L.
name: Povoli, M.
name: Prosser, A.
name: Rivera, R.
name: Solano, A.
name: Obertino, M. M.
name: Kwan, S.
name: Uplegger, L.
name: Via, C. D.
name: Vigani, L.
name: Wagner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pixel detector is the innermost tracking device in CMS, reconstructing interaction vertices and charged particle trajectories. The sensors located in the innermost layers of the pixel detector must be upgraded for the ten-fold increase in luminosity expected with the High- Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase. As a possible replacement for planar sensors, 3D silicon technology is under consideration due to its good performance after high radiation fluence. In this paper, we report on pre- and post- irradiation measurements for CMS 3D pixel sensors with different electrode configurations. The effects of irradiation on electrical properties, charge collection efficiency, and position resolution of 3D sensors are discussed. Measurements of various test structures for monitoring the fabrication process and studying the bulk and surface properties, such as MOS capacitors, planar and gate-controlled diodes are also presented.
description: 14 pages
title: Qualitative Description: A “How-To” Guide
Creators: name: Sullivan-Bolyai, Susan
name: Bova, Carol
Publisher: name: Graduate School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Medical School
Year: 2021

description: This guide is based on multiple presentations we have given to doctoral students about the use of qualitative description (QD) and our own work using QD over the past 21 years. We were motivated to make this guide widely available due to the lack of adequate resources (manuscripts and textbooks) that cover QD. It is our hope that others will be open to this pragmatic approach, which is both creative and rigorous and can be useful for exploring phenomena from a qualitative perspective.

Many published articles claim to use QD (e.g., approximately 3,600 in PubMed). However, guidelines for conducting a QD study are lacking. Kim et al. (2016) expressed a similar sentiment in their systematic review of studies that used QD. The lack of a rigorous systematic approach leads to inconsistencies in sampling procedures, inadequate sample sizes, and lack of theoretical or conceptual orientations to build knowledge.

Research that uses QD is not intended to find underlying interpretive meanings or to describe the culture of a group; it is designed instead to describe the rich, truthful perspectives of those experiencing a specific and focused situation or phenomenon. The results of a QD study are expressed in common, easy-to-understand language. Therefore, it is especially useful when working with clinical populations, communities, and across different cultural groups. The QD approach provides rich description and makes an important contribution to knowledge development. We hope that this guide will become an essential reference for those interested in using this specific qualitative approach.