Sturnira ludovici Anthony 1924
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Mittermeier, Russell A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Phyllostomidae
Sturnira
Sturnira ludovici

description: 124. Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat <i>Sturnira ludovici</i> <b>French:</b> Sturnire dAnthony / <b>German:</b> Hochland-Gelbschulterfledermaus / <b>Spanish:</b> Sturniro de Anthony <b>Other common names:</b> Ludovic’s Yellow-shouldered Bat <b>Taxonomy.</b> Sturnira ludovici Anthony, 1924, “near Gualea, elevation about 4000 feet [= 1333 m],” Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Sturnira ludovici has been treated as a junior synonym or subspecies of S. oporaphilum. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> Colombia, Venezuela, and W Ecuador. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head—body 66-77 mm (tailless), ear 12-19 mm, hindfoot 13-17 mm, forearm 44-50 mm; weight 22— 30 g. The Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat is medium-sized and robust. Fur is dense and soft. Dorsal fur is grayish brown to reddish brown, with yellowish tones, and long (8-10 mm), with four-banded hairs; adult males often have reddish brown shoulders; and ventral hairsare tricolored. Head is large, neck is wide, and snoutis short and broad. Noseleaf is medium-sized, spearshaped, and broad, without small projections of skin found on the Choco Yellow-shouldered Bat (S. koopmanhilli); ears are short, smaller than head; and lowerlip has three central warts, surrounded by row of smaller ones. Fourth metacarpal is equal in length to third. Uropatagium is practically absent and reduced to very narrow fringe; tail is absent; calcar is short; and feet are short and extensively furred to claws. I' project forward, and tips are not in contact; upper and lower dental rows lack spaces between premolars and molars (crowns are in contact); and lower molars have ill-defined cusps toward tongue, giving each molara flat, plain aspect. <b>Habitat.</b> Tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests including primary, secondary, disturbed, and gallery forests; forest edges; cultivated areas such as banana or cocoa plantations; and gardens at elevations of 30-2900 m (usually above 1000 m and in dry forests not below 1000 m). The Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat prefers humid and cloudy forests and is rare or uncommon in drier habitats. It is usually absent from isolated patches. <b>Food and Feeding.</b> Although the Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat is known to be a frugivorous, dietary details are little known. Apparently, it is a Solanum (Solanaceae) specialist, butits diet includes as many as ten families and 26 species of plants. It seems to eat certain insects. <b>Breeding.</b> Reproductive pattern of the Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat appears to be bimodal polyestry. In Ecuador, pregnant females with one fetus were captured in August-September,a lactating female in July, and a scrotal male in April. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Highland Yellow-shouldered Bats are nocturnal. They usuallyfly in interior forest or over small rivers. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> No information. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat is fairly common to uncommon. Its conservation status 1s stable. <b>Bibliography.</b> Albuja (1999), Anthony (1924b), Castano et al. (2018), Estrada-Villegas et al. (2010), Fleming (1986), Gardner (2008g), Handley (1976), Lee, Packer &amp; Alvarado (2006), Tirira (2012c, 2017), Velazco &amp; Patterson (2013).
description: Published as part of <i>Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, pp. 444-583 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on pages 544-545, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6458594