cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A detailed study of massive galaxies in a protocluster at z=3.13
Creators: name: Shi, Ke
name: Toshikawa, Jun
name: Cai, Zheng
name: Lee, Kyoung-Soo
name: Fang, Taotao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of Near-IR selected galaxies in a protocluster field at z = 3.13. Protocluster galaxies are selected using the available mutliwavelength data with the photometric redshift (photo-z) at 2.9 < z < 3.3, reaching a mass completeness of ~10^10 M_sun. Diverse types of galaxies have been found in the field including normal star-forming galaxies, quiescent galaxies and dusty star-forming galaxies. The photo-z galaxies form two large overdense structures in the field, largely overlapping with the previously identified galaxy overdensities traced by Lyα emitters (LAEs) and Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) respectively. The northern overdensity consists of a large fraction of old and/or dusty galaxy populations, while the southern one is mainly composed of normal star-forming galaxies which are spatially correlated with the LAEs. This agrees with our previous study arguing the spatial offset of different galaxy overdensities may be due to halo assembly bias. Given the large end-to-end sizes of the two overdensities, one possibility is that they will form into a supercluster by the present day. We also find strong evidence that the star-formation activities of the galaxies in the overdense protocluster regions are enhanced in comparison to their field counterparts, which suggests an accelerated mass assembly in this protocluster.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The optical counterpart of an Ultra-luminous X-Ray Source in NGC 5204
Creators: name: Bregman, Ji-Feng Liu Joel N.
name: Seitzer, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-luminous X-Ray sources are extra-nuclear point sources in external galaxies with $L_X=10^{39}$--$10^{41}$ erg/s and are among the most poorly understood X-ray sources. To help understand their nature, we are trying to identify their optical counterparts by combining images from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra Observatory. Here we report upon the optical counterpart for the ULX in NGC 5204, which has average X-ray luminosity of $\sim3\times10^{39}$ erg/s and has varied by a factor of 50% over the last 10 years. A unique optical counterpart to this ULX is found by carefully comparing the Chandra ACIS images and HST WFPC2 and ACS/HRC images. The spectral energy distribution and the HST/STIS FUV spectrum of this object show that it is a B0 Ib supergiant star with peculiarities, including the $λ$1240 N V emission line that is uncommon in B stellar spectra but has been predicted for X-ray illuminated accretion disks and seen in some X-ray binaries. Study of its FUV spectrum leads to a binary model for this ULX in which the B0 Ib supergiant is overflowing its Roche Lobe and accreting onto the compact primary, probably a black hole. This picture predicts an orbital period of $\sim10$ days for different black hole mass, which can be tested by future observations.
Phase-space elementary information content of confined Dirac spinors
Creators: name: Bernardini, Alex E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reporting about the Wigner formalism for describing Dirac spinor structures through a covariant phase-space formulation, the quantum information quantifiers for purity and mutual information involving spin-parity (discrete) and position-momentum (continuous) degrees of freedom are consistently obtained. For Dirac spinor Wigner operators decomposed into Poincaré classes of $SU(2) \otimes SU(2)$ spinor couplings, a definitive expression for quantum purity is identified in a twofold way: firstly, in terms of phase-space positively defined quantities, and secondly, in terms of the {\em spin-parity traced-out} associated density matrix in the position coordinate representation, both derived from the original Lorentz covariant phase-space Wigner representation. Naturally, such a structure supports the computation of relative (linear) entropies respectively associated to discrete (spin-parity) and continuous (position-momentum) degrees of freedom. The obtained theoretical tools are used for quantifying (relative) purities, mutual information as well as, by means of the quantum concurrence quantifier, the spin-parity quantum entanglement, for a charged fermion trapped by a uniform magnetic field which, by the way, has the phase-space structure completely described in terms of Laguerre polynomials associated to the quantized Landau levels. Our results can be read as the first step in the systematic computation of the elementary information content of Dirac-like systems exhibiting some kind of confining behavior.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures
Electronic Supplementary Methods, Results, Tables, and Figures from Parental care reduces parasite-induced mortality in a coral reef fish
Creators: name: Grutter, Alexandra S
name: Blomberg, Simone
name: Duong, Berilin
name: Fargher, Bronwyn
name: Feeney, William Edgar
name: McCormick, Mark
name: Nicholson, Matthew D
name: Sikkel, Paul
name: Warner, Robert R
name: Kuris, Armand
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: Electronic Supplementary Methods, Results, Tables, and Figures
Machinery Investment in Illinois: A Study Examining Existing Investment Motivations
Creators: name: Micheels, Eric T.
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Barry, Peter J.
name: Micheels, Eric T.
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Barry, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: machinery
subject: investment
subject: keeping up with the Jones'
subject: treadmill theory

description: In this study, we attempt to prove some previously held ideas of machinery investment decisions using farm level data from Illinois. Investment decisions are analyzed taking into consideration past investment decisions in the county and on the individual farm. The results show there is a correlation between county level purchases and individual farm purchases and investment levels decrease the following year after an initial investment. These results display how non-traditional drivers for investment also play an important role in the investment decision.
Additional file 1 of The development of a framework of entrustable professional activities for the intern year in Ireland
Creators: name: O’Dowd, Emily
name: Lydon, Sinéad
name: O’Connor, Paul
name: Boland, Josephine
name: Offiah, Gozie
name: Byrne, Dara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
THE ART OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN AN EXTENSION UNIT
Creators: name: McFeeters, Don
name: McFeeters, Don
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This article will examine the key concepts and traits of entrepreneurial action that the author believes are necessary to sustain and grow an Extension unit. The article will examine The Ohio State University South Centers' efforts utilizing these concepts. From this examination, future directions for programming, staffing, and structure will be shared.
Spectral signatures of the Luttinger liquid to charge-density-wave transition
Creators: name: Hohenadler, M.
name: Wellein, G.
name: Bishop, A. R.
name: Alvermann, A.
name: Fehske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron- and phonon spectral functions of the one-dimensional, spinless-fermion Holstein model at half filling are calculated in the four distinct regimes of the phase diagram, corresponding to an attractive or repulsive Luttinger liquid at weak electron-phonon coupling, and a band- or polaronic insulator at strong coupling. The results obtained by means of kernel polynomial and systematic cluster approaches reveal substantially different physics in these regimes and further indicate that the size of the phonon frequency significantly affects the nature of the quantum Peierls phase transition.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; final version, accepted for publication in Physical Review B
THE EFFECT OF COOPERATIVES ON PRODUCT INNOVATION IN THE AGRI-FOOD SYSTEM
Creators: name: Drivas, Kyriakos
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
name: Drivas, Kyriakos
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: cooperatives
subject: product innovation
subject: mixed oligopoly
subject: retained earnings

description: This paper develops a game-theoretic model of heterogeneous consumers to analyze the effect of cooperative involvement on quality-enhancing product innovation activity, the pricing of food products, and the welfare of the groups involved in the context of a mixed duopoly where an openmembership consumer co-op competes with an IOF. Analytical results show that the involvement of the member welfare-maximizing co-op in R&D can be quality and welfare enhancing by increasing the arrival rate of product innovations and reducing the prices of food products. The effectiveness of the coop is shown to depend on the nature of product differentiation and the relative quality of its products, the degree of consumer heterogeneity, and the size of innovation costs.
Tuning Conductivity and Spin Dynamics in Few-Layer Graphene via In Situ Potassium Exposure
Creators: name: Márkus, B. G.
name: Sági, O.
name: Kollarics, S.
name: Edelthalhammer, K. F.
name: Hirsch, A.
name: Hauke, F.
name: Szirmai, P.
name: Náfrádi, B.
name: Forró, L.
name: Simon, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemical modification, such as intercalation or doping of novel materials is of great importance for exploratory material science and applications in various fields of physics and chemistry. In the present work, we report the systematic intercalation of chemically exfoliated few-layer graphene with potassium while monitoring the sample resistance using microwave conductivity. We find that the conductivity of the samples increases by about an order of magnitude upon potassium exposure. The increased of number of charge carriers deduced from the ESR intensity also reflects this increment. The doped phases exhibit two asymmetric Dysonian lines in ESR, a usual sign of the presence of mobile charge carriers. The width of the broader component increases with the doping steps, however, the narrow components seem to have a constant line width.
Empirically Analyzing the Impacts of U.S. Export Credit Programs on U.S. Agricultural Export Competitiveness
Creators: name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Rienstra-Munnicha, Paul
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Rienstra-Munnicha, Paul
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper looked at the on the ongoing debate on the use of public export credit programs and their impact on US exports. Our results indicate that cost saving is significant beneficial to the importing countries as a result of the export credit programs. There is also an increase in US exports as a result of the US export credit programs. However, there is a reduction in cost savings to the importing countries when the length of repayment of export credit is 180 days. Thus, the more restrictive terms and conditions of officially supported export credits which the WTO is trying to discipline based on their implicitly subsidized components will have some adverse impact on the importing countries.
Scale-dependent bias and the halo model
Creators: name: Schulz, A. E.
name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a simplified version of the halo model with a power law power spectrum to study scale dependence in galaxy bias at the very large scales relevant to baryon oscillations. In addition to providing a useful pedagogical explanation of the scale dependence of galaxy bias, the model provides an analytic tool for studying how changes in the Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) impact the scale dependence of galaxy bias on scales between 10 and 1000 Mpc/h, which is useful for interpreting the results of complex N-body simulations. We find that changing the mean number of galaxies per halo of a given mass will change the scale dependence of the bias, but that changing the way the galaxies are distributed within the halo has a smaller effect on the scale dependence of bias at large scales. We use the model to explain the decay in amplitude of the baryon oscillations as k increases, and generalize the model to make predictions about scale dependent galaxy bias when redshift space distortions are introduced.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures; corrected typos, extended discussion of redshift space distortions, matches published version
Optimized holographic optical traps
Creators: name: Polin, Marco
name: Ladavac, Kosta
name: Lee, Sang-Hyuk
name: Roichman, Yael
name: Grier, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holographic optical traps use the forces exerted by computer-generated holograms to trap, move and otherwise transform mesoscopically textured materials. This article introduces methods for optimizing holographic optical traps' efficiency and accuracy, and an optimal statistical approach for characterizing their performance. This combination makes possible real-time adaptive optimization.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
The Impact of Changing Retail Services on the Grocery Store Producer Price Index
Creators: name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This article focuses on quality adjustment of the U.S. Producer Price Index (PPI) for retail food stores. Within the retail trade sector, food stores make up 15.4% of the revenue generated in the sector. This article outlines methods of quality adjustment and applies a direct adjustment technique to the PPI for grocery stores. This subset of the PPI is unique in that it is one of the first indices for retail goods to use the retail margin (retail price - wholesale price) as a measure of the price of the products sold in a store. This measure provides an estimate of the prices of the services provided by the retailers. In this study I find that the Producer Price Index for food stores would be biased upward between 0.06 and 1.74 index points if a change in store characteristics was not adjusted for in the index calculation. This bias would be larger if store characteristics were to change over time without any adjustment made for them. Given the ever-expanding services available in grocery stores and the recent increase in nontraditional retailers selling a greater share of consumer food products , this is likely to occur. An up-to-date measure of store and product characteristics will be needed to construct an unbiased (or at least less biased) index. The use of PPI indices in labor contracts and cost estimate adjustments makes accurate measures of producer price inflation crucial. For example, since food service companies use the PPI to adjust their cost estimates, the upward bias in the PPI causes prices to rise artificially in response to a higher than actual inflation estimate. The more information that is available in terms of store and product characteristics, the more accurate an adjustment that can be made. The potential bias that would occur without these adjustments underlies the importance of proper data collection and frequent updates of any changing characteristics in order to construct a more accurate measure of price change in an industry, sector, or market where the price that is observed encompasses more than the physical product that is sold. This adjustment method can and should be applied to retail and service sector indices whenever possible.
On r-equichromatic lines with few points in C²
Creators: name: Annor, Dickson Yaw Badu
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4901
subject: Applied mathematics
classificationCode: 4904
subject: Pure mathematics

description: Let P be a set of n green and n − k red points in C2. A line determined by i green and j red points such that i + j ≥ 2 and |i − j|≤ r is called r-equichromatic. We establish lower bounds for 1-equichromatic and 2-equichromatic lines. In particular, we show that if at most 2n − k − 2 points of P are collinear, then the number of 1-equichromatic lines passing through at most six points is at least 1/4 (6n − k(k + 3)), and if at most 2/3 (2n − k) points of P are collinear, then the number of 2-equichromatic 3 lines passing through at most four points is at least 1/6 (10n − k(k + 5)).
The onset of spontaneous scalarization in generalised scalar-tensor theories
Creators: name: Ventagli, Giulia
name: Lehébel, Antoine
name: Sotiriou, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In gravity theories that exhibit spontaneous scalarization, astrophysical objects are identical to their general relativistic counterpart until they reach a certain threshold in compactness or curvature. Beyond this threshold, they acquire a non-trivial scalar configuration, which also affects their structure. The onset of scalarization is controlled only by terms that contribute to linear perturbation around solutions of general relativity. The complete set of these terms has been identified for generalized scalar-tensor theories. Stepping on this result, we study the onset on scalarization in generalized scalar-tensor theories and determine the relevant thresholds in terms of the contributing coupling constants and the properties of the compact object.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures. References added
Floquet Analysis of Space-Time Modulated Huygens' Metasurfaces with Lorentz Dispersion
Creators: name: Tiukuvaara, Ville
name: Smy, Tom J.
name: Gupta, Shulabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A rigorous semi-analytical Floquet analysis is proposed for a zero-thickness space-time modulated Huygens' metasurface to model and determine the strengths of the new harmonic components of the scattered fields. The proposed method is based on Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions (GSTCs) treating a metasurface as a spatial discontinuity. The metasurface is described in terms of Lorentzian electric and magnetic surface susceptibilities, $χ_\text{e}$ and $χ_\text{m}$, respectively, with parameters (e.g. resonant frequency) that are periodically modulated in both space and time. The unknown scattered fields are expressed in terms of Floquet harmonics, for which the amplitudes can be found by numerically solving a set of linear equations, leading to the total scattered fields. Using existing computational techniques, the method is validated using several examples of pure-space and pure-time modulation with different modulation strengths and pumping frequencies. Finally, two cases of spacetime modulation (standing wave perturbation and a traveling wave perturbation) are presented to demonstrate the breaking of Lorentz reciprocity. The proposed method is simple and versatile and able to determine the steady-state response of a space-time modulated Huygen's metasurface that is excited with an oblique plane wave, or a general incident field such as a Gaussian beam.
description: 9 Pages, 11 Figures
Electric Dipole Induced Spin Resonance in Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Golovach, Vitaly N.
name: Borhani, Massoud
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An alternating electric field, applied to a quantum dot, couples to the electron spin via the spin-orbit interaction. We analyze different types of spin-orbit coupling known in the literature and find two efficient mechanisms of spin control in quantum dots. The linear in momentum Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit couplings give rise to a fully transverse effective magnetic field in the presence of a Zeeman splitting at lowest order in the spin-orbit interaction. The cubic in momentum Dresselhaus terms are efficient in a quantum dot with non-harmonic confining potential and give rise to a spin-electric coupling proportional to the orbital magnetic field. We derive an effective spin Hamiltonian, which can be used to implement spin manipulation on a timescale of $10 {\rm ns}$ with the current experimental setups.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, extended version of v1
Spatio-temporal measurement of ionization-induced modal index changes in gas-filled PCF by prism-assisted side-coupling
Creators: name: Trabold, Barbara M.
name: Suresh, Mallika I.
name: Koehler, Johannes R.
name: Frosz, Michael H.
name: Tani, Francesco
name: Russell, Philip St. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the use of prism-assisted side-coupling to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of photoionization in an Ar-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. By launching four different LP core modes we are able to probe temporal and spatial changes in the modal refractive index on timescales from a few hundred picoseconds to several hundred microseconds after the ionization event. We experimentally analyze the underlying gas density waves and find good agreement with quantitative and qualitative hydrodynamic predictions. Moreover, we observe periodic modulations in the MHz-range lasting for a few microseconds, indicating nanometer-scale vibrations of the fiber structure, driven by gas density waves.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, peer-reviewed and published
Cognitive Dissonance and Customer Allegiance in a Mixed Oligopoly
Creators: name: Lamprinakis, Lampros
name: Fulton, Murray E.
name: Lamprinakis, Lampros
name: Fulton, Murray E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of cognitive dissonance in a mixed oligopoly where a local cooperative competes with an investor-owned firm (IOF) for the local market. The article explicitly incorporates individuals' beliefs regarding the quality of the two organizations as a choice variable in the utility function and individuals trade off utility from beliefs against utility resulting from their actions. The proposed model considers a case where managerial decisions or the introduction of new products forces consumers to modify their initial beliefs regarding the (superior) quality of their cooperative. Analytical results demonstrate the changes in equilibrium that result from cognitive dissonance.
Tarnishing Silver Bullets: Bt Technology Adoption, Bounded Rationality and the Outbreak of Secondary Pest Infestations in China
Creators: name: Just, David R.
name: Wang, Shenghui
name: Pinstrup-Andersen, Per
name: Just, David R.
name: Wang, Shenghui
name: Pinstrup-Andersen, Per
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: As with other technologies, adoption of Bt seed requires technology specific knowledge. Growing secondary pest populations have slowly eroded the benefits of Bt technology in China. We illustrate the effects of introducing Bt technology among farmers with an imperfect knowledge of secondary pest problems using a simple dynamic model. The stochastic dominance tests based on primary household data from 1999-2001 and 2004 in China provide strong evidence that secondary pests, if unanticipated, could completely erode all benefits from Bt cotton cultivation. Our empirical tests also suggest that planting refuge concurrent with Bt adoption provides for the sustainable development of Bt technology.
Spin correlations in the paramagnetic phase and ring exchange in lanthanum cuprate
Creators: name: Toader, A. M.
name: Goff, J. P.
name: Roger, M.
name: Shannon, N.
name: Stewart, J. R.
name: Enderle, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin correlations in the paramagnetic phase of lanthanum cuprate have been studied using polarized neutron scattering, with two important results. First, the temperature dependence of the characteristic energy scale of the fluctuations and the amplitude of the neutron structure factor are shown to be in quantitative agreement with the predictions of the quantum non-linear sigma model. Secondly, comparison of a high-temperature series expansion of the equal-time spin correlations with the diffuse neutron intensity provides definitive experimental evidence for ring exchange.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
INCORPORATING COMMODITY STOCKHOLDING BEHAVIOR INTO A SHORT-RUN GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Creators: name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Reimer, Jeffrey J.
name: Valenzuela, Ernesto
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Reimer, Jeffrey J.
name: Valenzuela, Ernesto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This paper incorporates commodity stockholding into a short run, stochastic global general equilibrium model. A mix of econometric and calibration techniques are used to reconcile model outcomes with historical stockholding and price behavior. The resulting framework is useful for analyzing policies in the short run or presence of production variability.
A Two Hour Quasi-Period in an Ultra-luminous X-Ray source in NGC628
Creators: name: Liu, Ji-Feng
name: Bregman, Joel N.
name: Lloyd-Davies, Ed
name: Irwin, Jimmy
name: Espaillat, Catherine
name: Seitzer, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi-periodic oscillations and X-ray spectroscopy are powerful probes of black hole masses and accretion disks, and here we apply these diagnostics to an ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in the spiral galaxy NGC628 (M74). This object was observed four times over two years with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton, with three long observations showing dramatic variability, distinguished by a series of outbursts with a quasi-period (QPO) of 4,000-7,000 seconds. This is unique behavior among both ULXs and Galactic X-ray binaries due to the combination of its burst-like peaks and deep troughs, its long quasi-periods, its high variation amplitudes of $>90$%, and its substantial variability between observations. The X-ray spectra is fitted by an absorbed accretion disk plus a power-law component, suggesting the ULX was in a spectral state analogous to the Low Hard state or the Very High state of Galactic black hole X-ray binaries. A black hole mass of $\sim2$--$20\times10^3 M_\odot$ is estimated from the $f_b$--$M_\bullet$ scaling relation found in the Galactic X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Geochemistry of stream sediments and surficial deposits at Pascua-Lama high sulfidation epithermal gold deposit, Chile-Argentina
Creators: name: Chastain, Emily Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Pascua-Lama is a 17.1 moz Au and 560 moz Ag high sulfidation epithermal gold deposit on the crestline of the High Andes of Argentina and Chile. In this arid, mountainous terrain, talus cones and alluvial fans flank deeply incised valleys and debris flows infill valley floors decoupling streams from valley walls. Glacial till is preserved locally. Surficial deposits, stream sediments and waters were sampled along valleys draining the deposit. Samples were wet sieved and fractions finer than -150µm analyzed for gold by FA-AAS. The -53µm fraction of medium energy sediments was also analyzed by ICP-MS after total, aqua regia, and a weak hydroxylamine leach. Heavy mineral concentrates (HMCs) were analyzed by NAA and SEM-EDS. Water samples were analyzed by ICP-MS. Geochemical patterns at Lama-Pascua developed as a result of both mechanical and chemical processes. The occurrence of gold and associated elements (e.g., Ag, As, Pb, Hg, Sb, Bi) in HMCs allows their progressive enrichment as light minerals are selectively removed during erosion and transport of surficial materials. Thus, till, with the greatest abundance of fines, has the lowest geochemical contrast. Conversely, sediments have the highest concentration of HMC associated elements. More mobile elements such as Cu have similar concentrations in surficial deposits and stream sediments, but under extremely acidic conditions are depleted close to the deposit. In stream sediments, gold provides the best anomaly contrast with the longest and most consistent anomalies in the fine fractions (-75µm or finer). Based on sediment texture, ~2 kg -2 mm field samples should provide 50 g of -75µm material for analysis. Stream water pH should be measured and analysis of stream waters could be a valuable adjunct to sediment data, particularly in areas where debris flows decouple streams from their valley sides or headwalls. Follow-up to drainage anomalies would involve base-of-slope sampling of talus and alluvial fans and should consider the possible depletion of more mobile metals close to a deposit.
Quantum Composer: A programmable quantum visualization and simulation tool for education and research
Creators: name: Ahmed, Shaeema Zaman
name: Jensen, Jesper Hasseriis Mohr
name: Weidner, Carrie Ann
name: Sørensen, Jens Jakob
name: Mudrich, Marcel
name: Sherson, Jacob Friis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Making quantum mechanical equations and concepts come to life through interactive simulation and visualization are commonplace for augmenting learning and teaching. However, graphical visualizations nearly always exhibit a set of hard-coded functionalities while corresponding text-based codes offer a higher degree of flexibility at the expense of steep learning curves or time investments. We introduce Quantum Composer, which allows the user to build, expand, or explore quantum mechanical simulations by interacting with graphically connectable nodes, each corresponding to a physical concept, mathematical operation, visualization, etc. Abstracting away numerical and programming details while at the same time retaining accessibility, emphasis on understanding, and rapid feedback mechanisms, we illustrate through a series of examples its open-ended applicability in both introductory and advanced quantum mechanics courses, student projects, and for visual exploration within research environments.
description: 29 pages, 12 figures
Multiscale dynamics of biological cells with chemotactic interactions: from a discrete stochastic model to a continuous description
Creators: name: Alber, Mark
name: Chen, Nan
name: Glimm, Tilmann
name: Lushnikov, Pavel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cellular Potts Model (CPM) has been used for simulating various biological phenomena such as differential adhesion, fruiting body formation of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, angiogenesis, cancer invasion, chondrogenesis in embryonic vertebrate limbs, and many others. In this paper, we derive continuous limit of discrete one dimensional CPM with the chemotactic interactions between cells in the form of a Fokker-Planck equation for the evolution of the cell probability density function. This equation is then reduced to the classical macroscopic Keller-Segel model. In particular, all coefficients of the Keller-Segel model are obtained from parameters of the CPM. Theoretical results are verified numerically by comparing Monte Carlo simulations for the CPM with numerics for the Keller-Segel model.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Modeling and measuring incurred claims risk liabilities for a multi-line property and casualty insurer
Creators: name: Iturria, Carlos Andrés Araiza
name: Godin, Frédéric
name: Mailhot, Mélina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 91G05

description: We propose a stochastic model allowing property and casualty insurers with multiple business lines to measure their liabilities for incurred claims risk and calculate associated capital requirements. Our model includes many desirable features which enable reproducing empirical properties of loss ratio dynamics. For instance, our model integrates a double generalized linear model relying on accident semester and development lag effects to represent both the mean and dispersion of loss ratio distributions, an autocorrelation structure between loss ratios of the various development lags, and a hierarchical copula model driving the dependence across the various business lines. The model allows for a joint simulation of loss triangles and the quantification of the overall portfolio risk through risk measures. Consequently, a diversification benefit associated to the economic capital requirements can be measured, in accordance with IFRS 17 standards which allow for the recognition of such benefit. The allocation of capital across business lines based on the Euler allocation principle is then illustrated. The implementation of our model is performed by estimating its parameters based on a car insurance data obtained from the General Insurance Statistical Agency (GISA), and by conducting numerical simulations whose results are then presented.
The impact of gas physics on strong cluster lensing
Creators: name: Puchwein, Ewald
name: Bartelmann, Matthias
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Meneghetti, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies of strong gravitational lensing by galaxy clusters neglected the potential impact of the intracluster gas. Here, we compare simulations of strong cluster lensing including gas physics at increasing levels of complexity, i.e. with adiabatic, cooling, star-forming, feedback-receiving, and thermally conducting gas, and with different implementations of the artificial viscosity in the SPH simulations. Each cluster was simulated starting from the same initial conditions such as to allow directly comparing the simulated clusters. We compare the clusters' shapes, dynamics and density profiles and study their strong-lensing cross sections computed by means of ray-tracing simulations. We find that the impact of adiabatic gas depends on the amount of turbulence that builds up, which means that the artificial viscosity plays an important role. With the common viscosity implementation, adiabatic gas has little effect on strong cluster lensing, while lower viscosity allows stronger turbulence, thus higher non-thermal pressure and a generally broader gas distribution which tends to lower lensing cross sections. Conversely, cooling and star formation steepen the core density profiles and can thus increase the strong-lensing efficiency considerably.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, revised version published in A&A, added discussion of artificial viscosity
TRADABLE RISK PERMITS TO PREVENT FUTURE INTRODUCTIONS OF ALIEN INVASIVE SPECIES INTO THE GREAT LAKES
Creators: name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Lupi, Frank
name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Lupi, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Alien invasive species contribute to biodiversity loss and cause billions of dollars of economic damage in the Great Lakes. We examine the design and efficiency of a tradeable permit system for biological pollution due to alien species that invade the Great Lakes through the ballast water of commercial ships.
Additional file 2 of The development of a framework of entrustable professional activities for the intern year in Ireland
Creators: name: O’Dowd, Emily
name: Lydon, Sinéad
name: O’Connor, Paul
name: Boland, Josephine
name: Offiah, Gozie
name: Byrne, Dara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Dahl, Niels Nielsen
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1851

description: Oversender en bok som han har utgitt
description: Feil j.nr. er satt på brevet. Polydoc nr. 1: 3716. Polydoc nr. 2: 2805.
The ENUBET positron tagger prototype: construction and testbeam performance
Creators: name: Acerbi, F.
name: Bonesini, M.
name: Bramati, F.
name: Branca, A.
name: Brizzolari, C.
name: Brunetti, G.
name: Capelli, S.
name: Carturan, S.
name: Catanesi, M. G.
name: Cecchini, S.
name: Cindolo, F.
name: Collazuol, G.
name: Conti, E.
name: Corso, F. Dal
name: Delogu, C.
name: De Rosa, G.
name: Falcone, A.
name: Gola, A.
name: Jollet, C.
name: Klicek, B.
name: Kudenko, Y.
name: Laveder, M.
name: Longhin, A.
name: Ludovici, L.
name: Lutsenko, E.
name: Magaletti, L.
name: Mandrioli, G.
name: Margotti, A.
name: Mascagna, V.
name: Mauri, N.
name: Meazza, L.
name: Meregaglia, A.
name: Mezzetto, M.
name: Paoloni, A.
name: Pari, M.
name: Parozzi, E.
name: Pasqualini, L.
name: Paternoster, G.
name: Patrizii, L.
name: Pozzato, M.
name: Prest, M.
name: Pupilli, F.
name: Radicioni, E.
name: Riccio, C.
name: Ruggeri, A. C.
name: Scian, C.
name: Sirri, G.
name: Stipcevic, M.
name: Tenti, M.
name: Terranova, F.
name: Torti, M.
name: Vallazza, E.
name: Votano, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A prototype for the instrumented decay tunnel of ENUBET was tested in 2018 at the CERN East Area facility with charged particles up to 5 GeV. This detector is a longitudinal sampling calorimeter with lateral scintillation light readout. The calorimeter was equipped by an additional "$t_0$-layer" for timing and photon discrimination. The performance of this detector in terms of electron energy resolution, linearity, response to muons and hadron showers are presented in this paper and compared with simulation. The $t_0$-layer was studied both in standalone mode using pion charge exchange and in combined mode with the calorimeter to assess the light yield and the 1 mip/2 mip separation capability. We demonstrate that this system fulfills the requirements for neutrino physics applications and discuss performance and additional improvements.
description: 23 pages, 20 figures, to appear in JINST
CHEAP TALK REVISITED: NEW EVIDENCE FROM CVM
Creators: name: Aadland, David
name: Caplan, Arthur J.
name: Aadland, David
name: Caplan, Arthur J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Two recent studies have shown that "cheap talk" is an effective means of eliminating positive hypothetical bias in experimental and field-auction settings. We further investigate the ability of cheap talk to mitigate positive hypothetical bias in a CVM phone survey administered to over 4,000 households. Positive hypothetical bias is detected in our data by contrasting revealed and stated preference information. However, a short, neutral cheap-talk script appears to exacerbate rather than mitigate the bias. Based on this and mixed evidence from earlier studies, we suggest caution in using cheap talk as an ex ante control for hypothetical bias.
Additional file 3 of Association of the ward pharmacy service with active implementation of therapeutic drug monitoring for vancomycin and teicoplanin—an epidemiological surveillance study using Japanese large health insurance claims database
Creators: name: Shungo Imai
name: Momo, Kenji
name: Kashiwagi, Hitoshi
name: Miyai, Takayuki
name: Sugawara, Mitsuru
name: Takekuma, Yoh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Comparison of patient characteristics of arbekacin before and after propensity score matching. A standardized difference (Std diff)
MORAL HAZARD AND BT CORN REFUGE
Creators: name: Mitchell, Paul D.
name: Zhu, En (John)
name: Mitchell, Paul D.
name: Zhu, En (John)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Using a principal-agent model, we find the optimal subsidy contract that induces grower compliance with Bt corn refuge requirements for managing insect resistance when asymmetric information exists concerning grower behavior. The optimal contract balances the cost of monitoring and the benefit of reducing the likelihood of insect resistance.
Discovery of Higher-Order Topological Insulators using the Spin Hall Conductivity as a Topology Signature
Creators: name: Costa, Marcio
name: Schleder, Gabriel R.
name: Acosta, Carlos Mera
name: Padilha, Antonio C. M.
name: Cerasoli, Frank
name: Nardelli, M. Buongiorno
name: Fazzio, Adalberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery and realization of topological insulators, a phase of matter which hosts metallic boundary states when the $d$-dimension insulating bulk is confined to ($d-1$)-dimensions, led to several potential applications. Recently, it was shown that protected topological states can manifest in ($d-2$)-dimensions, such as hinge and corner states for three- and two-dimensional systems, respectively. These nontrivial materials are named higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs). Here we show a connection between spin Hall effect and HOTIs using a combination of {\it ab initio} calculations and tight-binding modeling. The model demonstrates how a non-zero bulk midgap spin Hall conductivity (SHC) emerges within the HOTI phase. Following this, we performed high-throughput density functional theory calculations to find unknown HOTIs, using the SHC as a criterion. We calculated the SHC of 693 insulators resulting in seven stable two-dimensional HOTIs. Our work guides novel experimental and theoretical advances towards higher-order topological insulators realization and applications.
Tests of Lorentz Violation in Atomic and Optical Physics
Creators: name: Russell, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic physics can probe the Lorentz and CPT symmetries at the Planck level. Bounds on coefficients for Lorentz violation have been found using atomic clocks, masers, electromagnetic cavities, and Penning traps, among others, and in future it may be possible to place bounds using spectroscopy of antihydrogen atoms. The CPT '04 Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry was held in August 2004 in Bloomington, Indiana, USA, and covered Lorentz violation in all branches of physics. This report gives an overview of the recent advances in Lorentz-symmetry studies in atomic and optical physics.
description: 5 pages, invited report for Comments on Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics on CPT '04, Third Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, USA, 4-6 August 2004
Additional file 2 of Association of the ward pharmacy service with active implementation of therapeutic drug monitoring for vancomycin and teicoplanin—an epidemiological surveillance study using Japanese large health insurance claims database
Creators: name: Shungo Imai
name: Momo, Kenji
name: Kashiwagi, Hitoshi
name: Miyai, Takayuki
name: Sugawara, Mitsuru
name: Takekuma, Yoh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Comparison of patient characteristics of teicoplanin before and after propensity score matching. A standardized difference (Std diff)
Anisotropy of random motions of gas in Messier 33
Creators: name: Chemin, Laurent
name: Braine, Jonathan
name: Combes, Françoise
name: Kam, Zacharie S.
name: Carignan, Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We study the properties of anisotropic and axisymmetric velocity ellipsoids from maps of the gas velocity dispersion in nearby galaxies. This data allow us to measure the azimuthal-to-radial axis ratio of gas velocity ellipsoids, which is a useful tool to study the structure of gaseous orbits in the disk. We also present the first estimates of perturbations in gas velocity dispersion maps by applying an alternative model that considers isotropic and asymmetric random motions. High-quality velocity dispersion maps of the atomic medium at various angular resolutions of the nearby spiral galaxy Messier 33, are used to test the anisotropic and isotropic velocity models. The velocity dispersions of hundreds of individual molecular clouds are also analyzed. The HI velocity dispersion of M33 is systematically larger along the minor axis, and lower along the major axis. Isotropy is only possible if asymmetric motions are considered. Fourier transforms of the HI velocity dispersions reveal a bisymmetric mode which is mostly stronger than other asymmetric motions and aligned with the minor axis of the galaxy. Within the anisotropic and axisymmetric velocity model, the stronger bisymmetry is explained by a radial component that is larger than the azimuthal component of the ellipsoid of random motions, thus by gaseous orbits that are dominantly radial. The azimuthal anisotropy parameter is not strongly dependent on the choice of the vertical dispersion. The velocity anisotropy parameter of the molecular clouds is observed highly scattered. Perturbations such as HI spiral-like arms could be at the origin of the gas velocity anisotropy in M33. Further work is necessary to assess whether anisotropic velocity ellispsoids can also be invoked to explain the asymmetric gas random motions of other galaxies.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, published in Astronomy & Astrophysics