cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the number of soft quanta in classical field configurations
Creators: name: Mück, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A crucial ingredient in the large-N quantum portrait of black holes proposed by Dvali and Gomez is the estimate of the number of soft quanta that make up the classical gravitational field. It is argued here that the coherent state formalism provides a way to calculate that number directly. As a consequence, the average energy of the soft quanta is such that the typical geometric size of the field source can be roughly interpreted as their de Broglie wavelength. The calculation is done for the electromagnetic field and for Newtonian gravity, and it is argued that the number of soft quanta should be unchanged in General Relativity due to the long range nature of gravity.
description: 5 pages, v.2: small text changes and added references
Defining Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Using Single-Cell Genomics
Creators: name: Cook, David
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cancer
Genomics
Plasticity
Systems biology

description: Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) describes the interconversion of cells between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes. During the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epithelial cells lose defining characteristics, such as stable cell-cell junctions, and gain the ability to migrate and invade through extracellular matrices. This plasticity contributes to tumour progression, promoting therapy resistance and immune cell evasion. Despite its importance, defining molecular features of this plasticity have largely remained elusive due to the limited scale of most studies. Here, I present my studies applying comparative single-cell genomics to map transcriptional changes associated with the EMT in diverse experimental conditions and EMP in tumours, I identify regulatory features associated with these dynamics, and explore opportunities to pharmacologically restrict them. This work provides critical steps towards building quantitative models of EMP, which will inform effective strategies to restrict these dynamics in cancer and improve patient prognosis.
Techno-Emotional_Bodies_JessicaRoude_Argentina.pdf
Creators: name: Roude, Jessica
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Industrial and product design

description: In terms of sense terminology, it is possible to make use of Digital Technology to expand and modify the perception of humans’ environment. The approach to design Cybernetic Extensions to expand the senses of the Human Body is being analyzed throughout this article. Under the debates on the dialectical interaction between technology- body, species- environment, creation-biocreation and human-bonding, the concept of Prosthesis presented by Tomis Maldonado is proposed as the starting point for the Cybernetic Organs design. It is predicted that these Smart Prosthesis will be designed by using 3D printers, and the patient’s own cells, which will be created in Fab Labs laboratories. It will go from designing objects to designing the Human Body as an object.
Overlapping Community Detection in Complex Networks using Symmetric Binary Matrix Factorization
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhong-Yuan
name: Wang, Yong
name: Ahn, Yong-Yeol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discovering overlapping community structures is a crucial step to understanding the structure and dynamics of many networks. In this paper we develop a symmetric binary matrix factorization model (SBMF) to identify overlapping communities. Our model allows us not only to assign community memberships explicitly to nodes, but also to distinguish outliers from overlapping nodes. In addition, we propose a modified partition density to evaluate the quality of community structures. We use this to determine the most appropriate number of communities. We evaluate our methods using both synthetic benchmarks and real world networks, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.
Update Logic Synthesis Objectives for Better Placement and Routing
Creators: name: Louage, Marieke
name: Stroobandt, Dirk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This research is situated in the design of integrated circuits (ICs). ICs are virtually everywhere. They are physical implementations of digital circuits that perform some logical functionality.

 The steps involved in IC design are twofold. First in the Logic Synthesis step, an abstract representation of the logic functionality is designed in the form of a graph called a netlist. Second, this netlist needs to be further developed into a physically realizable model in a step called Physical Design (Placement and Routing).
 ICs consist of two main components: logic cells and interconnects. Logic cells are responsible for the data manipulation and interconnects transport the data between the logic cells.

 Both logic cells and interconnects amount to some delay that ultimately add up to determine the speed of the IC. Back in 1980, most of the delay was accounted for by the logic cells and interconnect delay was negligible. A consequence of this early imbalance is that the netlist is optimized to have as little logic cells as possible. However, as IC technology progressed, the delay in logic cells decreased significantly and the delay in interconnects became more important.

 Today, the speed of an IC is considerably impacted by lengthy interconnects. Despite this shift in delay causes, the general objective of minimizing the amount of logic cells has not changed. In this poster, we argue that the netlist should be optimized for different, yet unknown, objectives. This is done by giving a simple example that shows a discrepancy between minimizing the amount of logic cells and optimizing speed.
Affine projective Osserman structures
Creators: name: Gilkey, Peter
name: Nikcevic, Stana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C50

description: By considering the projectivized spectrum of the Jacobi operator, we introduce the concept of projective Osserman manifold in both the affine and in the pseudo-Riemannian settings. If M is an affine projective Osserman manifold, then the modified Riemannian extension metric on the cotangent bundle is both spacelike and timelike projective Osserman. Since any rank 1 symmetric space is affine projective Osserman, this provides additional information concerning the cotangent bundle of a rank 1 Riemannian symmetric space with the modified Riemannian extension metric. We construct other examples of affine projective Osserman manifolds where the Ricci tensor is not symmetric and thus the connection is not the Levi-Civita connection of any metric. If M is an affine projective Osserman manifold of odd dimension, we use methods of algebraic topology to show the Jacobi operator has only one non-zero eigenvalue and that eigenvalue is real.
Graphene single electron transistor as a spin sensor for magnetic adsorbates
Creators: name: González, J. W.
name: Delgado, F.
name: Fernández-Rossier, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study single electron transport through a graphene quantum dot with magnetic adsorbates. We focus on the relation between the spin order of the adsorbates and the linear conductance of the device. The electronic structure of the graphene dot with magnetic adsorbates is modeled through numerical diagonalization of a tight-binding model with an exchange potential. We consider several mechanisms by which the adsorbate magnetic state can influence transport in a single electron transistor: by tuning the addition energy, by changing the tunneling rate and, in the case of spin polarized electrodes, through magnetoresistive effects. Whereas the first mechanism is always present, the others require that the electrode has either an energy or spin dependent density of states. We find that graphene dots are optimal systems to detect the spin state of a few magnetic centers.
description: 7 pages, 5 Figures, PRB accepted
Warm Dark Matter as a solution to the small scale crisis: new constraints from high redshift Lyman-alpha forest data
Creators: name: Viel, M.
name: Becker, G. D.
name: Bolton, J. S.
name: Haehnelt, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present updated constraints on the free-streaming of warm dark matter (WDM) particles derived from an analysis of the Lya flux power spectrum measured from high-resolution spectra of 25 z > 4 quasars obtained with the Keck High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) and the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle (MIKE) spectrograph. We utilize a new suite of high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations that explore WDM masses of 1, 2 and 4 keV (assuming the WDM consists of thermal relics), along with different physically motivated thermal histories. We carefully address different sources of systematic error that may affect our final results and perform an analysis of the Lya flux power with conservative error estimates. By using a method that samples the multi-dimensional astrophysical and cosmological parameter space, we obtain a lower limit mwdm > 3.3 keV (2sigma) for warm dark matter particles in the form of early decoupled thermal relics. Adding the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Lya flux power spectrum does not improve this limit. Thermal relics of masses 1 keV, 2 keV and 2.5 keV are disfavoured by the data at about the 9sigma, 4sigma and 3sigma C.L., respectively. Our analysis disfavours WDM models where there is a suppression in the linear matter power spectrum at (non-linear) scales corresponding to k=10h/Mpc which deviates more than 10% from a LCDM model. Given this limit, the corresponding "free-streaming mass" below which the mass function may be suppressed is 2x10^8 Msun/h. There is thus very little room for a contribution of the free-streaming of WDM to the solution of what has been termed the small scale crisis of cold dark matter.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures. Accepted to PRD
Camponotus edmondi var. ernesti Forel 1891
Creators: name: Forel, A.
Publisher: name: L'Imprimerie Nationale
Year: 1891
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Camponotus
Camponotus edmondi
Var. ernesti

description: Var. Ernesti:
[[worker]] Major. Longueur 5 mill. Se distingue de la forme typique par sa taille plus faible et plus grêle, ainsi que par sa sculpture plus fine et plus faible. Les joues et le derrière de la tête ont même un léger éclat. Les pattes et les antennes sont presque plus grêles que celles de la [[worker]] minor de la forme typique. L'écaillé est un peu moins épaisse, presque aussi convexe devant que derrière. Le bord antérieur (lisière) du métanotum ne s'élève pas plus haut que le bord postérieur du méso- notum, tandis que c'est le cas chez la forme typique. La face basale du métanotum est plus étroite, plutôt plus longue que large (plus large que longue chez la forme typique). Epistome sans carène. Tête grosse, beaucoup plus large que le thorax, assez faiblement élargie derrière, à bord postérieur faiblement concave.
Bois situé à 3o milles au Nord-Ouest de Tamatave (récolté par M. O'Swald, Musée de Hambourg).
description: Published as part of Forel, A., 1891, Histoire naturelle des Hymenopteres. Deuxieme partie: Les Formicides., pp. 1-231 in Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar., Paris :L'Imprimerie Nationale on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.9896
Academic Ranking of Balkan Universities (ARBU)  Methodology
Creators: name: Bojadjiev, Marjan
name: Pavlova, Sanja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Students from the region may consider many factors when deciding on which university to choose for their study. University ranking is one of the most important factors almost for all students.
The purpose of the Academic Ranking of Balkan Universities is to make an academic ranking of researchers, schools and universities from the Balkan based on simple criteria: citations of their faculty members.
The key aspect is to get a general idea of how much each of the professors are cited on the Google Scholar platform, thereby presenting the picture at the level of universities and the faculties that are part of them.
ARBU will help many students that are considering studying in one of those universities in the region to make a choice.
Stimulated Phonon Emission in a Driven Double Quantum Dot
Creators: name: Colless, J. I.
name: Croot, X. G.
name: Stace, T. M.
name: Doherty, A. C.
name: Barrett, S. D.
name: Lu, H.
name: Gossard, A. C.
name: Reilly, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The compound semiconductor gallium arsenide (GaAs) provides an ultra-clean platform for storing and manipulating quantum information, encoded in the charge or spin states of electrons confined in nanostructures. The absence of inversion symmetry in the zinc-blende crystal structure of GaAs however, results in strong piezoelectric coupling between lattice acoustic phonons and electrons, a potential hindrance for quantum computing architectures that can be charge-sensitive during certain operations. Here we examine phonon generation in a GaAs double dot, configured as a single- or two-electron charge qubit, and driven by the application of microwaves via surface gates. In a process that is a microwave analog of the Raman effect, stimulated phonon emission is shown to produce population inversion of a two-level system and provides spectroscopic signatures of the phononic environment created by the nanoscale device geometry.
description: Send to: david.reilly@sydney.edu.au
Mastering and Fine-Tuning Elementary Reaction and Transport Phenomena in the Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Creators: name: Iván Garbarino, Lucas
name: Bjelić, Ana
name: Lauwaert, Jeroen
name: Thybaut, Joris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Finding alternatives to fossil resources, aiming to fulfil the needs of our society in a sustainable way, is one of the foremost challenges in the 21st century. Within this context, lignocellulose biorefining is a promising technology, enabling a route to renewable chemicals, materials and energy. The lignin-first (LF) biorefinery concept has recently emerged to complement traditional carbohydrate biorefining, with focus on lignin valorization. The reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of lignocellulosic feedstocks is a LF biorefining process that combines biomass fractionation, via solvolytic transformations, with heterogeneously catalyzed lignin depolymerization and stabilization, having a high potential towards the sustainable production of added-value building blocks from biomass. In this poster a computational modelling methodology is presented to investigate the reductive catalytic fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass with focus on lignin transformations from its native form in biomass towards the formation of bio-aromatics. First, reaction-diffusion models, relying on simple kinetics, probe the diffusion of lignin model compounds to identify kinetically-limited regimes. Second, two kinetic models based on the continuum theory of lumping are proposed to describe lignin solvolysis and depolymerization, which will be validated using existing and newly acquired experimental data. Finally, the developed models will be combined with molecular reconstruction methods, enabling the structural characterization of key LF products (up to light oligomers).
Decoupling in QED and QCD
Creators: name: Grozin, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decoupling of a heavy flavour in QCD is discussed in a pedagogical way. First we consider a simpler case: decoupling of muons in QED. All calculations are done up to 2 loops.
description: Lecture at 5-th Helmholtz international summer school Calculations for modern and future colliders Dubna, July 23 -- August 2, 2012, 21 pages
Holomorphic functions on certain Kähler manifolds
Creators: name: Munteanu, Ovidiu
name: Wang, Jiaping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate Liouville theorems and dimension estimates for the space of exponentially growing holomorphic functions on complete Kähler manifolds. While our work is motivated by the study of gradient Ricci solitons in the theory of Ricci flow, the most general results we prove here do not require any knowledge of curvature.
description: 19 pages, submitted
Simulated Energetic Particle Transport in the Interplanetary Space: The Palmer Consensus Revisited
Creators: name: Tautz, R. C.
name: Shalchi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reproducing measurements of the scattering mean free paths for energetic particles propagating through the solar system has been a major problem in space physics. The pioneering work of Bieber et al. [Astrophys. J. 420, 294 (1994)] provided a theoretical explanation of such observations, which, however, was based on assumptions such as the questionable hypothesis that quasi-linear theory is correct for parallel diffusion. By employing a hybrid plasma-wave/magnetostatic turbulence model, a test-particle code is used to investigate the scattering of energetic particles. The results show excellent agreement with solar wind observations.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in J. Geophys. Res
Questionários desenvolvido conhecer como as pessoas que frequentam o CJA-UFSB utilizam a água dos banheiros.
Creators: name: Hercules Da Silva Carvalho
name: Costa, Mariana Sampaio Lemos
name: Brito, Rodrigo Moreira
name: De Araujo Kalid, Ricardo
name: Martins, Marcio André Fernandes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Primeira versão do questionários desenvolvido para conhecer como as pessoas que frequentam o Campus Jorge Amado (UFSB) utilizam a água dos banheiros.
Nonlinearity Induced Critical Coupling
Creators: name: Reddy, K. Nireekshan
name: Gopal, Achanta Venu
name: Gupta, S. Dutta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a critically coupled system (Opt. Lett., \textbf{32}, 1483 (2007)) with a Kerr-nonlinear spacer layer. Nonlinearity is shown to inhibit null-scattering in a critically coupled system at low powers. However, a system detuned from critical coupling can exhibit near-complete suppression of scattering by means of nonlinearity-induced changes in refractive index. Our studies reveal clearly an important aspect of critical coupling as a delicate balance in both the amplitude and the phase relations, while a nonlinear resonance in dispersive bistability concerns only the phase.
Model of complex networks based on citation dynamics
Creators: name: Šubelj, Lovro
name: Bajec, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex networks of real-world systems are believed to be controlled by common phenomena, producing structures far from regular or random. These include scale-free degree distributions, small-world structure and assortative mixing by degree, which are also the properties captured by different random graph models proposed in the literature. However, many (non-social) real-world networks are in fact disassortative by degree. Thus, we here propose a simple evolving model that generates networks with most common properties of real-world networks including degree disassortativity. Furthermore, the model has a natural interpretation for citation networks with different practical applications.
Molecular Simulation of Alkane and Alkene Diffusion in Nanoporous Membranes to Allow for an Energy-Efficient Separation
Creators: name: Schmidt, Bernd
name: Vanduyfhuys, Louis
name: Van Speybroeck, Veronique
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: In context of the current energy crisis, improving the efficiency of highly energy consuming processes is more relevant than ever. One of the most energy-intensive chemical processes is the separation of alkanes and alkenes, which accounts for 0.3% of the world’s energy consumption (Stephenson, 2019). The most common way to separate alkanes and alkenes is via cryogenic distillation. However, a significant improvement in energy retention could be achieved by applying room temperature sieving of the molecules. For this purpose, membranes made out of nanoporous crystalline materials known as zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) will be investigated for their high selectivity in separation of ethane from ethene (C2) and propane from propene (C3) species at room temperature.

 In this work, the nature of C2/C3 separation by means of a diffusion analysis in ZIF-8 is investigated. To examine the diffusion behavior of individual molecules, computer simulations that solve Newton's equations of motion on a molecular level using classical potentials for the inter- and intramolecular interactions are performed. The diffusion path of an alkane or alkene molecule through ZIF-8 is modeled with advanced MD simulation techniques. The result of this simulation is the thermodynamic free energy and its enthalpic and entropic contributions as a function of the progress along the diffusion pathway. From this free energy profile a diffusion rate can be determined. This means that the structure of the molecular system and the diffusion rate of guest molecules can be correlated. By applying this modeling procedure for a number of different host materials and guest species, more thorough insight into the effects of different structural elements on hydrocarbon diffusion can be obtained, which is an essential element in the design of new material for a highly efficient separation of alkanes and alkenes.
Momentum relaxation in holographic massive gravity
Creators: name: Davison, Richard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of momentum relaxation on observables in a recently proposed holographic model in which the conservation of momentum in the field theory is broken by the presence of a bulk graviton mass. In the hydrodynamic limit, we show that these effects can be incorporated by a simple modification of the energy-momentum conservation equation to account for the dissipation of momentum over a single characteristic timescale. We compute this timescale as a function of the graviton mass terms and identify the previously known "wall of stability" as the point at which this relaxation timescale becomes negative. We also calculate analytically the zero temperature AC conductivity at low frequencies. In the limit of a small graviton mass this reduces to the simple Drude form, and we compute the corrections to this which are important for larger masses. Finally, we undertake a preliminary investigation of the stability of the zero temperature black brane solution of this model, and rule out spatially modulated instabilities of a certain kind.
description: 40 pages, 3 figures, v2: altered final paragraph of sec. 5.4, and added references
SUSY contributions to CP violations in $b\to s$ and $b\to d$ transitions facing on new data
Creators: name: Shimizu, Yusuke
name: Tanimoto, Morimitsu
name: Yamamoto, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the contribution of the gluino-squark mediated flavor changing process for the CP violation in $b\to s$ and $b\to d$ transitions facing on recent experimental data. The mass insertion parameters of squarks are constrained by the branching ratios of $b\to sγ$ and $b\to dγ$ decays. In addition, the time dependent CP asymmetries of $B^0\to ϕK_S$ and $B^0\to η' K^0$ decays severely restrict the allowed region of the mass insertion parameter for the $b\to s$ transition. By using these constraints with squark and gluino masses of 1.5 TeV, we predict the CP asymmetries of $B_s\to ϕϕ$, $B_s\to η'ϕ$, and $B^0\to K^0\bar K^0$ decays, as well as the CP asymmetries in $b\to sγ$ and $b\to dγ$ decays. The CP violation in the $B_s\to ϕϕ$ decay is expected to be large owing to the squark flavor mixing, which will be tested at LHCb soon.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, some discussions are added
Hidden Fermi Liquid, Scattering Rate Saturation and Nernst Effect: a DMFT Perspective
Creators: name: Xu, Wenhu
name: Haule, Kristjan
name: Kotliar, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the transport properties of a correlated metal within dynamical mean field theory. Canonical Fermi liquid behavior emerges only below a very low temperature scale $T_{FL}$. Surprisingly the quasiparticle scattering rate follows a quadratic temperature dependence up to much higher temperatures and crosses over to saturated behavior around a temperature scale $T_{sat}$. We identify these quasiparticles as constituents of the hidden Fermi liquid. The non-Fermi liquid transport above $T_{FL}$, in particular the linear-in-$T$ resistivity, is shown to be a result of a strongly temperature dependent band dispersion. We derive simple expressions for resistivity, Hall angle, thermoelectric power and Nernst coefficient in terms of a temperature dependent renormalized band structure and the quasiparticle scattering rate. We discuss possible tests of the DMFT picture of transport using ac measurements.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures and Supplementary Material
Characteristics of Final Particles in Multiple Compton Backscattering Process
Creators: name: Potylitsyn, A.
name: Kol`chuzhkin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An electron passing through a counter propagating intense laser beam can interact with a few laser photons with emission of a hard photon in each collision event. In contrast with the well-known nonlinear Compton backscattering process the above mentioned process may be named as multiple Compton backscattering process (MCBS). In this paper we have investigated the evolution of the electron energy distribution during MCBS process using Monte-Carlo (M-C) simulation. The main characteristics of such a distribution as mean energy and variance obtained by M-C technique were compared with analytical solutions of kinetic equations. We found the kinematic region where the analytical solutions are applicable with a good accuracy. A photon spectrum, even for the case when each electron emits one photon (in average) differs significantly from that described by the Klein-Nishina formula.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Tracker coupled quintessence
Creators: name: Shojai, F.
name: Moti, R.
name: Najdat, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper two tracker solutions for conformally coupled quintessence model is obtained. The first solution is determined by dividing the evolution of the universe to matter and dark energy dominated epochs and then the allowed bound on the equation of state parameter is obtained, such that a tracker behaviour is resulted. For the other solution, the quintessence potential is assumed to be a linear combination of two exponential functions. Then we have found an exact solution which can be tracker by adjusting some parameters.
description: 8 figures
Photospheric emission from stratified jets
Creators: name: Ito, Hirotaka
name: Nagataki, Shigehiro
name: Ono, Masaomi
name: Lee, Shiu-Hang
name: Mao, Jirong
name: Yamada, Shoichi
name: Pe'er, Asaf
name: Mizuta, Akira
name: Harikae, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore photospheric emissions from stratified two-component jets, wherein a highly relativistic spine outflow is surrounded by a wider and less relativistic sheath outflow. Thermal photons are injected in regions of high optical depth and propagated until they escape at the photosphere. Due to the presence of shear in velocity (Lorentz factor) at the boundary of the spine and sheath region, a fraction of the injected photons are accelerated via a Fermi-like acceleration mechanism such that a high energy power-law tail is formed in the resultant spectrum. We show, in particular, that if a velocity shear with a considerable variance in the bulk Lorentz factor is present, the high energy part of observed Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) photon spectrum can be explained by this photon acceleration mechanism. We also show that the accelerated photons may also account for the origin of the extra hard power-law component above the bump of the thermal-like peak seen in some peculiar bursts (e.g., GRB 090510, 090902B, 090926A). It is demonstrated that time-integrated spectra can also reproduce the low energy spectrum of GRBs consistently due to a multi-temperature effect when time evolution of the outflow is considered. Finally, we show that the empirical Ep-Lp relation can be explained by differences in the outflow properties of individual sources.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Social Inclusion and Volunteering in Sports Clubs in Europe
Creators: name: Nichols, Geoff
name: James, Matthew
Publisher: name: Cardiff Metropolitan University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Sport and leisure management

description: Drawing on findings from the research project ‘Social Inclusion and Volunteering in Sports Clubs in Europe’ (SIVSCE) conducted between 2015-2017, this report covers the following points:  How government and sports organisations work together in other EU countries and what can be learnt from this?  How English sports clubs compare to those in Europe, and what are their strengths and weaknesses?  What makes clubs successful in promoting volunteering and social inclusion? This is the first time that a comparative study with these aims has been conducted across ten European countries. The results reported here are selected from those of the whole project as the ones most relevant to an English and Welsh audience.
On Waring's problem: two squares, two cubes and two sixth powers
Creators: name: Wooley, Trevor D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11P05, 11D85, 11P55

description: We investigate the number of representations of a large positive integer as the sum of two squares, two positive integral cubes, and two sixth powers, showing that the anticipated asymptotic formula fails for at most O((log X)^3) positive integers not exceeding X.
description: Corrected quotient of gamma functions in singular integral
Chord distribution along a line in the local Universe
Creators: name: Zaninetti, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method is developed to compute the chord length distribution along a line which intersects a cellular Universe. The cellular Universe is here modeled by the Poissonian Voronoi Tessellation (PVT) and by a non-Poissonian Voronoi Tessellation (NPVT). The distribution of the spheres is obtained from common approximations used in modeling the volumes of Voronoi Diagrams. We give analytical formulas for the distributions of the lengths of chords in both the PVT and NPVT. The astrophysical applications are made to the real Eso Slice Project and to an artificial slice of galaxies which simulates the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey.
description: 18 pages and 13 figures
On numerical turbulence generation for test-particle simulations
Creators: name: Tautz, R. C.
name: Dosch, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A modified method is presented to generate artificial magnetic turbulence that is used for test-particle simulations. Such turbulent fields are obtained from the superposition of a set of wave modes with random polarizations and random directions of propagation. First, it is shown that the new method simultaneously fulfils requirements of isotropy, equal mean amplitude and variance for all field components, and vanishing divergence. Second, the number of wave modes required for a stochastic particle behavior is investigated by using a Lyapunov approach. For the special case of slab turbulence, it is shown that already for 16 wave modes the particle behavior agrees with that shown for considerably larger numbers of wave modes.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Plasmas
Sparse Array (Nonlinear) Guided Wave Imaging for Fast Non-Destructive Testing of Composites
Creators: name: Ma, Yusheng
name: Hedayatrasa, Saeid
name: Van Den Abeele, Koen
name: Kersemans, Mathias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Composite materials are subjected to increasing importance in critical components commonly used for automotive, aerospace and other modern industrial sectors. Yet, these composites are quite susceptible to damages and defects which can be introduced during the manufacturing and/or operational life. To assure the structural performance of composite parts, a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique is necessary to detect and evaluate the damages. Guided wave imaging (GWI) is capable to interrogate large areas with a sparse array in a short period and thus can be a perfect candidate for time-efficient damage detection. Though, the current sparse array GWI requires a very precise baseline measurement, making it impractical for actual applications. In this research, nonlinear wave phenomena is exploited in order to remove the need for baseline data, and as such to make sparse array GWI widely applicable.
Exploring QCD phase diagram at vanishing baryon density on the lattice
Creators: name: Ding, Heng-Tong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I report on the current status of QCD phase diagram at vanishing baryon density. I focus on the QCD phase diagram with three degenerate quark flavor using Highly Improved Staggered Quarks on $N_τ=6$ lattices. No evidence of a first order phase transition in the pion mass window of $80\lesssim m_π \lesssim 230 $MeV is found. The pion mass at the critical point where the chiral first order phase transition ends is estimated to be $m^c_π \lesssim 45$ MeV.
description: proceedings for Extreme QCD (XQCD 2012), August 21-23, 2012, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
Quantum Entanglement Velocity is 9931 Times of the Speed of Light
Creators: name: Huang, Jun Steed
name: Huang, Moran
name: Yang, Mark
name: Rongrong Zhang
name: Xu, Tong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Quantum, Entanglement, Velocity

description: We have argued that the matter manifests itself by energy and the density, so is the motion and momentum, the momenergy in any dimension of the entangled world is conservatively convertible, with the energy density equilibrium state of entanglement speed happens in e=2.7 dimension, not necessarily the integer dimension we live in, where the speed of light is the dominant speed.
 9931 is a magic number that dictates our dark universe.

description: Light
Symmetry Enforced Non-Abelian Topological Order at the Surface of a Topological Insulator
Creators: name: Chen, Xie
name: Fidkowski, Lukasz
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surfaces of three dimensional topological insulators (3D TIs) are generally described as Dirac metals, with a single Dirac cone. It was previously believed that a gapped surface implied breaking of either time reversal $\mathcal T$ or U(1) charge conservation symmetry. Here we discuss a novel possibility in the presence of interactions, a surface phase that preserves all symmetries but is nevertheless gapped and insulating. Then the surface must develop topological order of a kind that cannot be realized in a 2D system with the same symmetries. We discuss candidate surface states - non-Abelian Quantum Hall states which, when realized in 2D, have $σ_{xy}=1/2$ and hence break $\mathcal T$ symmetry. However, by constructing an exactly soluble 3D lattice model, we show they can be realized as $\mathcal T$ symmetric surface states. The corresponding 3D phases are confined, and have $θ=π$ magnetoelectric response. Two candidate states have the same 12 particle topological order, the (Read-Moore) Pfaffian state with the neutral sector reversed, which we term T-Pfaffian topological order, but differ in their $\mathcal T$ transformation. Although we are unable to connect either of these states directly to the superconducting TI surface, we argue that one of them describes the 3D TI surface, while the other differs from it by a bosonic topological phase. We also discuss the 24 particle Pfaffian-antisemion topological order (which can be connected to the superconducting TI surface) and demonstrate that it can be realized as a $\mathcal T$ symmetric surface state.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures. v2: clarified the connection of T-Pfaffian state to free fermion TI, references updated
Upgrading FSD's Loda metadata portal using Colectica
Creators: name: Kleemola, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The Finnish Social Science Data Archive (FSD) upgraded its longitudinal survey metadata portal, which previously provided users with variable-level information on four Finnish National Election Studies (FNES), in 2022 as part of the C-BoTS project funded by the Academy of Finland. The portal was upgraded using Colectica Designer, Repository and Portal, and the updated contents of the portal include the metadata for the latest FNES dataset in the series. The aim of the portal is to enable easier discoverability and findability of variable-level information. The portal also allows users to effortlessly compare variables that have measured the same concepts across different waves of the study. In this presentation, the process of upgrading the portal using the Colectica tools is described, including the challenges and opportunities encountered along the way. Additionally, the presentation details how the process inspired the thought of expanding the portal's contents beyond the FNES data series, as well as the implications the process has had regarding FSD's potential shift from DDI Codebook to DDI Lifecycle.
Partially random phase attack to the practical two-way quantum-key-distribution system
Creators: name: Sun, Shi-Hai
name: Gao, Ming
name: Jiang, Mu-Sheng
name: Li, Chun-Yan
name: Liang, Lin-Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase randomization is a very important assumption in the Bennett-Brassard 1984 quantum key distribution (QKD) system with a weak coherent source. Thus an active phase modulator is needed to randomize the phase of source. However, it is hard to check whether the phase of source is randomized totally or not in practical QKD systems. In this paper a partially random phase attack is proposed to exploit this imperfection. Our analysis shows that Eve can break the security of a two-way QKD system by using our attack, even if an active phase randomization is adopted by Alice. Furthermore, the numerical simulation shows that in some parameter regimes, our attack is immune to the one-decoy-state method.
description: 9pages,7figures
Dispersive analysis of $τ^-\toπ^-π^0ν_τ$ Belle data
Creators: name: Dumm, Daniel Gómez
name: Roig, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse Belle data on the decay $τ^- \to π^- π^0 ν_τ$ using a dispersive representation of the vector form factor which is consistent with chiral symmetry and preserves analyticity and unitarity exactly. We fit the unknown theoretical parameters from the data, determining the values of the related low-energy observables $\left\langle r^2\right\rangle^π_V$ and $c_V^π$. The implementation of isospin breaking effects is also discussed.
description: 4 pages, no figures, presented at the Conference TAU'12 (Nagoya, Japan). To be published in the Proceedings
Generalized massive gravity in arbitrary dimensions and its Hamiltonian formulation
Creators: name: Huang, Qing-Guo
name: Zhang, Ke-Chao
name: Zhou, Shuang-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the four-dimensional de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity model to a general scalar massive-tensor theory in arbitrary dimensions, coupling a dRGT massive graviton to multiple scalars and allowing for generic kinetic and mass matrix mixing between the massive graviton and the scalars, and derive its Hamiltonian formulation and associated constraint system. When passing to the Hamiltonian formulation, two different sectors arise: a general sector and a special sector. Although obtained via different ways, there are two second class constraints in either of the two sectors, eliminating the BD ghost. However, for the special sector, there are still ghost instabilities except for the case of two dimensions. In particular, for the special sector with one scalar, there is a "second BD ghost".
description: 25 pages,accepted by JCAP
Renovate in One Step, Stepwise, or Reconstruct?
Creators: name: Decorte, Yanaika
name: Steeman, Marijke
name: Van Den Bossche, Nathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The existing building stock is outdated, consumes a lot of energy, and is a major contributor to the global greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a transition of the existing building stock towards energy and carbon neutral buildings. There are three main pathways that could facilitate this transition: one-step deep energy renovation, step-by-step deep energy renovation, and demolition followed by new build. The importance of a sustainable transition, however, raises the question of how the environmental impact and financial cost of these three main pathways relate for different types of single-family dwellings. Several researchers have already searched for decision-making methods that integrate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) to assess both environmental impacts and financial costs. However, a systematic comparison of the three pathways is lacking. Moreover, existing standards on how to perform an LCA are very conceptual and too vague to allow for a fair and consistent comparison of the three main pathways. This leaves a lot of freedom to LCA practitioners to make assumptions, implement simplifications and set their own boundary conditions. This can contribute to variations and contradictions in the trade-off between the pathways. This research project, therefore, aims to develop a well-defined and robust methodological LCA framework to compare the three main pathways in a fair and consistent way, provide insight into which pathways are most optimal for different types of single-family dwellings, and determine tipping points in the trade-off between the pathways to define more tangible and general building renovation guidelines.
First asteroseismic limits on the nature of dark matter
Creators: name: Casanellas, Jordi
name: Lopes, Ilídio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first constraints on the properties of weakly interacting low-mass dark matter (DM) particles using asteroseismology. The additional energy transport mechanism due to accumulated asymmetric DM particles modifies the central temperature and density of low-mass stars and suppresses the convective core expected in 1.1-1.3 Ms stars even for an environmental DM density as low as the expected in the solar neighborhood. An asteroseismic modeling of the stars KIC 8006161, HD 52265 and Alpha Cen B revealed small frequency separations significantly deviated from the observations, leading to the exclusion of a region of the DM parameter space mass versus spin-dependent DM-proton scattering cross section comparable with present experimental constraints.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. v2 matches version to be published in ApJL
Third-order relativistic dynamics: classical spinning particle travelling in a plane
Creators: name: Matsyuk, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70H40, 70H50, 70H05, 49N45, 70G65, 83A05, 83C10

description: Mathisson's 'new mechanics' of a relativistic spinning particle is shown to follow, in the case of planar motion, from only general requirements of relativistic invariance and of the dependence on third order derivatives along with the 'variationality' feature. The Hamiltonian counterpart ultimately recovers the Dixon system of equations for this case with the Mathisson-Pirani supplementary condition.
description: 10 pages. Minor misprints corrected. http://www.icmp.lviv.ua/journal/zbirnyk.15/004/art04.pdf
Single-photon-detection attack on the phase-coding continuous-variable quantum cryptography
Creators: name: Sun, Shi-Hai
name: Jiang, Mu-Sheng
name: Liang, Lin-Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase-coding quantum cryptographic scheme using the homodyne detection and weak coherent state [Hirano et al.,Phys. Rev. A 68, 042331 (2003)] provides the simplest continuous-variable quantum key distribution scheme from the experimental side. However, the inherent loss of the practical system will not only increase the bit error rate (BER) but also affect the security of the final key. In this paper, we propose a single-photon-detection attack, and then the security of the final key will be compromised in some parameter regimes. Our results show that the BER induced by Eve can be lower than the inherent BER induced by the loss of the system in some parameter regimes. Furthermore, our attack gives the maximal communication distance of this scheme for given experimental parameters.
description: 6oages,4figures