cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Large N
Creators: name: Teper, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some mysterious features of the strong interactions become easily understood if our usual QCD with N=3 is `close to' SU(oo) and if the latter theory is confining. N=oo theories are theoretically simpler; in particular there has been much progress in constructing weak-coupling duals in string theory. In this poster I will describe some of the things that recent lattice calculations tell us about the large-N limit of SU(N) gauge theories in 3+1 dimensions. The focus is on confinement, how close SU(oo) is to SU(3), new stable strings at larger N, the Pomeron, deconfinement, topology, 't Hooft string tensions. I also allude to other topics, such as the high-T pressure deficit, chiral physics and the phases of the theory.
description: Poster at Lattice 2005 : 6 pages
Topological defects in the edge state structure in a bilayer electron system
Creators: name: Deviatov, E. V.
name: Dolgopolov, V. T.
name: Wurtz, A.
name: Lorke, A.
name: Wixforth, A.
name: Wegscheider, W.
name: Campman, K. L.
name: Gossard, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, formation of point-like topological defects in the edge state structure in the quantum Hall effect regime. By using of a selective population technique, we investigate equilibration processes between the edge states in bilayer electron structures with a high tunnelling rate between layers. Unexpected flattening of the I-V curves in perpendicular magnetic field at a specific filling factor combination and the recovery of the conventional nonlinear I-V characteristics in tilted fields give a strong evidence for the existence of topological defects.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures included
Additional file 3 of Genomic analysis of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diseased chicken in the Czech Republic
Creators: name: Papouskova, Aneta
name: Masarikova, Martina
name: Valcek, Adam
name: Senk, David
name: Cejkova, Darina
name: Jahodarova, Eva
name: Cizek, Alois
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table 3. Primers used in PCR characterization.
Politics a "Chilly" Environment for Undergraduate Women in Norway
Creators: name: Ballen, Cissy J.
name: Lee, Dahsol
name: Rakner, Lise
name: Sehoya, Cotner
Publisher: name: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS; Centre of Excellence in Biology Education (bioCEED) at the University of Bergen; Department of Biology Teaching and Learning at the University of Minnesota ; Research Council of Norway Mobility Grant
Year: 2021
Subjects: STEREOTYPE THREAT
INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY
AFRICAN-AMERICANS
TEST-PERFORMANCE
GENDER EQUALITY

description: Gender differences in academic performance and attitudes are widespread in male-stereotyped disciplines but rarely are studied in the social sciences. To assess the extent that gender influences the behavior of undergraduate women in political science, participation was analyzed in a large (N = 130) introductory comparative-politics class at the University of Bergena large public university in Norway. In the 2016 fall semester, observers documented classroom behaviors of men and women using a protocol that characterizes types of in-class participation. Findings showed that women participate less than expected given their observed numbers in the classroom. After the semester ended, we provided an opportunity for students to describe why they chose to participate and whether they felt that barriers existed in the classroom that prevented them from expressing their opinions. This article characterizes those responses and presents the first study to draw conclusions about the gendered educational experience in political science by integrating these qualitative and quantitative results.
Defining a trade strategy for southern Mediterranean countries
Creators: name: Bouet, Antoine
name: Bouet, Antoine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Trade strategy
subject: Market access
subject: Trade policies
subject: Economic development
subject: MIRAGE model
subject: Multilateralism
subject: Regional strategies
subject: Free trade

description: The objective of this paper is to analyze the best trade approach for Southern Mediterranean countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Turkey) that helps them increase market access and develop trade policies which will facilitate the most efficient economic development. The study uses, the MacMap-HS6 database on market access and the Modeling International Relations under Applied General Equilibrium (MIRAGE) model of the global economy. While most South Mediterranean (SM) countries are very protectionist, they enjoy a fairly good access to world markets, either due to product specialization or to preferences granted by the European Union in the industrial sector. Today, these countries are simultaneously opting for multilateralism, North-South regionalism, and South-south regionalism. Are these options substitutes of each other? As this study suggests, that is not the case. A South-South integration of these countries is not enough trade – creating, while a North – South Free Trade Agreement with Europe is significantly trade – diverting, particularly in the case of SM countries’ agricultural imports. In order to examine the dynamics between multilateralism and regional strategies, the ‘structural congruence’ of these different trade regimes is measured and a new indicator is proposed.
Early Warning Models for Corporate Segment
Creators: name: Işık, Muhammed
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Banking
Finance
Risk Assesment

description: In dataset, 324 corporate customers were taken as reference. Dataset were created from information's between January 2018 and December 2021 time intervals. Financial ratios are calculated by taking financial information of these customers from balance sheet and income statement items.These ratios were used as independent variables in analysis and classification stages. After the rates were obtained, each customer was observed during 1 year. If bank considers the customer's performance bad during this period, the customer status is assigned as 1 (Default). If customer performance is not bad, the customer status is assigned as 0 (Live). There is no missing value in fields to be used in data set.
Saturation momentum at fixed and running QCD coupling
Creators: name: Dietrich, Dennis D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A relationship, linking the saturation momentum in the case of fixed and running QCD coupling, respectively, is derived from the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation. It relies on the linear instability of the evolution equation in the dilute regime. The leading orders of the saturation momenta are mapped onto each other exactly. For subleading terms a qualitative correspondence is achieved with a relative error going to zero for large rapidities. The relationship can also be derived for the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation with a cutoff accounting for low-density effects and is satisfied by the corresponding isoline functions. Further implications arise for the existence of travelling-wave solutions in the two situations.
description: revised version, 6 pages, no figures
Early Warning Models for Corporate Segment
Creators: name: Işık, Muhammed
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Banking
Finance
Risk Assesment

description: In dataset, 324 corporate customers were taken as reference. Dataset were created from information's between January 2022 and September 2023 time intervals. Financial ratios are calculated by taking financial information of these customers from balance sheet and income statement items.These ratios were used as independent variables in analysis and classification stages. After the rates were obtained, each customer was observed during 1 year. If bank considers the customer's performance bad during this period, the customer status is assigned as 1 (Default). If customer performance is not bad, the customer status is assigned as 0 (Live). There is no missing value in fields to be used in data set.
Property rights and crop choice in rural Peru, 1994-2004
Creators: name: Field, Alfred J.
name: Field, Erica Marie
name: Torero, Maximo
name: Field, Alfred J.
name: Field, Erica Marie
name: Torero, Maximo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Rural households
subject: International trade
subject: Property rights
subject: Land rights
subject: Titling
subject: Adoption
subject: Commercial crops
subject: Exports
subject: Indigenous crops
subject: Poverty

description: The period of 1994 to 2004 was one in which rural households in Peru experienced dramatic changes in ownership rights through a large nation-wide land titling program and a significant opening of the economy to international trade. This paper takes this prime opportunity to examine whether lack of ownership rights presents a significant barrier to the adoption of commercial crops and/or modern farming practices as a result to changes which reduced domestic market distortions, opened up the economy and thereby presumably altered relative prices between traditional agricultural crops and those produced primarily for export. To the extent that participation was quasi-exogenous to other household features influencing production choices, the titling program serves as a natural experiment in tenure status by enabling us to compare the influence of price incentives across untitled and newly titled rural households. The econometric results confirmed that changes in these relative prices increased the likelihood that households would shift production towards these new export products. These tendencies appear to be strengthened if the household obtained title to their property over the period, which indicates that weak property institutions may inhibit the degree to which households can reap the benefits of a globalize market place. Moreover, our results indicated high returns to adoption of export products and that households which began producing an export oriented crop over the period were much less likely to be classified as impoverished in 2004. The obvious implication is that those who were unable to alter production due to reasons such as geographical location, access to credit, or lacking title to their property continued to produce traditional crops and were not able to escape poverty. This finding reaffirms the idea that liberalizing markets must be accompanied by appropriate social programs or institutional reforms directed to the unique situational problems of different subgroups in poverty if the broader poverty issue is to be improved.
Parity of coefficients of mock theta functions
Creators: name: Wang, Liuquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A17, 11E25, 11F27, 11P83, 11P84

description: We study the parity of coefficients of classical mock theta functions. Suppose $g$ is a formal power series with integer coefficients, and let $c(g;n)$ be the coefficient of $q^n$ in its series expansion. We say that $g$ is of parity type $(a,1-a)$ if $c(g;n)$ takes even values with probability $a$ for $n\geq 0$. We show that among the 44 classical mock theta functions, 21 of them are of parity type $(1,0)$. We further conjecture that 19 mock theta functions are of parity type $(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2})$ and 4 functions are of parity type $(\frac{3}{4},\frac{1}{4})$. We also give characterizations of $n$ such that $c(g;n)$ is odd for the mock theta functions of parity type $(1,0)$.
description: 41 pages, accepted by the Journal of Number Theory in 2021
Microsatellite and mating type markers reveal unexpected patterns of genetic diversity in the pine root‐infecting fungus Grosmannia alacris
Creators: name: Duong, Tuan A.
name: De Beer, Z. Wilhelm
name: Wingfield, Brenda D.
name: Eckhardt, Lori G.
name: Wingfield, Michael J.
Publisher: name: British Society for Plant Pathology
Year: 2021
Subjects: Grosmannia alacris
pine pathogen
population genetics
SSR markers

description: Grosmannia alacris is a fungus commonly associated with root‐infesting bark beetles occurring on Pinus spp. The fungus has been recorded in South Africa, the USA, France, Portugal and Spain and importantly, has been associated with pine root diseases in South Africa and the USA. Nothing is known regarding the population genetics or origin of G. alacris, although its association with root‐infesting beetles native to Europe suggests that it is an invasive alien in South Africa. In this study, microsatellite markers together with newly developed mating type markers were used to characterize a total of 170 isolates of G. alacris from South Africa and the USA. The results showed that the genotypic diversity of the South African population of G. alacris was very high when compared to the USA populations. Two mating types were also present in South African isolates and the MAT1‐1/MAT1‐2 ratio did not differ from 1:1 (χ2 = 1·39, P = 0·24). This suggests that sexual reproduction most probably occurs in the fungus in South Africa, although a sexual state has never been seen in nature. In contrast, the large collection of USA isolates harboured only a single mating type. The results suggest that multiple introductions, followed by random mating, have influenced the population structure in South Africa. In contrast, limited introductions of probably a single mating type (MAT1‐2) may best explain the clonality of USA populations.
Access to Dynamic Markets for Small Commercial Farmers: The Case of Potato Production in the Peruvian Andes
Creators: name: Escobal D'Angelo, Javier
name: Torero, Maximo
name: Escobal D'Angelo, Javier
name: Torero, Maximo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Potato production
subject: Market access
subject: Small farmers
subject: Contract farming
subject: Access to credit
subject: Dynamic markets
subject: Impact evaluation
subject: Income growth
subject: Transaction costs

description: The purpose of this study is twofold. On one hand, the objective is to assess the impact of new and more complex contracting schemes, as opposed to traditional marketing channels, on small farmers’ welfare. On the other hand, the study explores which may be the critical factors that determine the small farmers’ participation in these institutional arrangements. In this context, two critical factors are stressed. The first one has to do with access to credit and the second one is the size of the agricultural plot. In order to examine the decision of farmers to access the dynamic markets, the paper follows the study of Lapar et al (2003). The paper also follows impact evaluation techniques to identify the differences in the performance of farmers with access to dynamic markets and those without access. As it can be seen, in all cases, the difference between farmers with access and those without access is positive. This implies that having access to dynamic markets has positive impacts on the welfare of farmers. The results show that the farmers linked to the dynamic markets gain two cents of a dollar more per kilogram of potato. Although, in average potato producers in the Sierra need about 7,500 US$ additional credit to access dynamic markets, the variance between producers is huge. Some farmers, for example, are extremely close to gaining access the market and just a small increase on the credit line would allow them to achieve that. On the other hand, an important group of small farmers —more than half of them — are much further away from accessing the market; about 25,000 soles (US$ 7,500). In this case the amount needed to access the market is almost three times higher than the average sales of a farmer selling to the traditional market. Moreover, 10% of the formers in the sample need over 15,150 US$ to ensure access to the market, which is the maximum credit line registered in the sample of farmers with access to dynamic markets. On the other hand the lack of scale of the producers is another major bottleneck. Our simulations showed that increase of their plot size to a minimum of five hectares (optimal size according to the industry) increases their sales to dynamic markets in 16%. However, the impact of new and more complex contracting schemes, as opposed to traditional marketing channels, could reduce significantly the access gap to dynamic markets by reducing transaction costs, increasing productivity, and increasing scale production through coordination of smallholders.
Continuous ensembles and the $χ$-capacity of infinite-dimensional channels
Creators: name: Holevo, A. S.
name: Shirokov, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper is devoted to systematic study of the $χ$-capacity (underlying the classical capacity) of infinite dimensional quantum channels. An essential feature of this case is the natural appearance of the input constraints and infinite, in general, ``continuous'' state ensembles, defined as probability measures on the set of all quantum states. By using compactness criteria from probability theory and operator theory it is shown that the set of all generalized ensembles with the average (barycenter) in a compact set of states is itself a compact subset of the set of all probability measures. With this in hand we give a sufficient condition for the existence of an optimal generalized ensemble for a constrained quantum channel. This condition can be verified in the case of Bosonic Gaussian channels with constrained mean energy. The importance of the above condition is shown by considering example of a constrained channel with no optimal generalized ensemble. In the case of convex constraints a characterization of the optimal generalized ensemble is obtained extending the `` maximal distance'' property.
description: 17 pages
Bank mergers and deposit retention : one and one makes two?
Creators: name: Ginsberg, Omer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The flurry of merger activity sweeping across the U.S. financial services sector is drastically restructuring its retail banking segment. The integration and streamlining of operations has highlighted the role deposit market shares play in the merger mix. Firstly, we investigate whether banks successfully retain their deposits, post-merger; secondly, we investigate the effects of pre-merger institutional attributes on deposit retention. The results to the first question appear to confirm that banks retain their deposits. The findings of the second question indicate that the nature of competition in the market, the magnitude of retail banking focus, institution age, market and institutional deposit growth all have significant effects on deposit retention.
Sources of Agricultural Growth in India: Role of Diversification towards High-Value Crops
Creators: name: Joshi, P.K.
name: Birthal, Pratap Singh
name: Minot, Nicholas
name: Joshi, P.K.
name: Birthal, Pratap Singh
name: Minot, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Crops
subject: Income growth
subject: Agriculture
subject: Grain production
subject: Agricultural research
subject: Research and development
subject: High value commodities
subject: Crop yields
subject: Prices
subject: High-value crops
subject: Decomposition

description: This study examines the sources of crop income growth in Indian agriculture over the 1980s and 1990s. Using a method developed by Minot (2003), the analysis decomposes crop income growth into the contribution of yield increases, area expansion, price increases, and diversification from low-value crops to higher-value crops. The results confirm that at the national level, technology (higher yield) was the main source of crop income growth during 1980s, while rising prices and diversification emerged as the dominant sources of growth in agriculture during 1990s. Diversification towards higher-value crops such as fruits and vegetables accounted for about 27% of crop income growth in the 1980s and 31% in the 1990s. However, these national averages hide substantial regional variation. In the grain-dominated northern and eastern regions, price increases were the most important source of growth during 1990s, while in the southern and western regions crop income growth was led by diversification into higher-value crops. The results reflect the slowing growth of wheat and rice yields in India, as well as the growing importance of diversification into higher-value crops. Restoring the growth in grain yields will require investment in agricultural research and development, while facilitating further diversification involves institutional development to better link small farmers with growing markets for high-value commodities.
Chaotic imaging in frequency downconversion
Creators: name: Puddu, Emiliano
name: Allevi, Alessia
name: Andreoni, Alessandra
name: Bondani, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze and realize the recovery, by means of spatial intensity correlations, of the image obtained by a seeded frequency downconversion process in which the seed field is chaotic and an intensity modulation is encoded on the pump field. Although the generated field is as chaotic as the seed field and does not carry any information about the modulation of the pump, an image of the pump can be extracted by measuring the spatial intensity correlations between the generated field and one Fourier component of the seed.
title: Surface Activity of Natural Surfactants Extracted from Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus trifoliatus Soapnuts
Creators: name: Wojtoń, Patrycja
name: Szaniawska, Magdalena
name: Hołysz, Lucyna
name: Miller, Reinhard
name: Szcześ, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Surfactants derived from renewable sources such as plants are an ecological alternative to synthetic surfactants. Aqueous solutions of natural surfactants extracted from soapnuts obtained from two plants, Sapindus mukorossi and Sapindus trifoliatus, were studied. Their properties in terms of surface tension reduction and wettability were examinated. The natural surfactants show the ability to reduce the surface tension and increase the wettability of the hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene surface. These nuts can be used repeatedly for washing also in hard water. Crude extracts from Sp. trifoliatus exhibit better surface properties than those from Sp. mukorossi. This makes these soapnuts a good potential source of biosurfactants for household use.
The competition between the intrinsic and Rashba spin-orbit coupling and effects of correlations on Rashba SOC-driven transitions in the Kane-Mele model
Creators: name: Du, Tao
name: Li, Yue-Xun
name: Lu, He-Lin
name: Zhang, Hui
name: Du, Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate, firstly, the effects of the Rashba SOC on the band structrue of the Kane-Mele model. The competition between the Rashba SOC and the intrinsic SOC can lead to the rich phenomenology. The Rashba SOC can drive the indirect and direct energy gap to close successively, but maintain the band touching between the valence band and the conduction band when the Rashba SOC is large enough to dominant the competition. We find that these touching points are located at $K$ and $K^{\prime}$ or/and some $2π/3$ rotationally symmetric points around $K$ and $K^{\prime}$ in the Brillouin zone. The indirect and direct energy gap closings correspond to the topologically trivial and non-trivial phase transitions respectively. For the small intrinsic SOC, the topologically non-trivial transition occurs when the ratio of the Rashba SOC to the intrinsic SOC is equal to the classical result, i.e. $2\sqrt{3}$. For the large intrinsic SOC, however, we find that the ratio decreases with the increasing intrinsic SOC. Secondly, using the slave-rotor mean field method we investigate the influences of the correlation on the Rashba SOC-driven topologically trivial and non-trivial transition in both the charge condensate and Mott regions. The topological Mott insulator with gapped or gapless spin excitations can arise from the interplay of the Rashba SOC and correlations.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Reversals of radio emission direction in PSR B1822-09
Creators: name: Dyks, J.
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Gil, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pulse profile of pulsar B1822-09 exhibits a very peculiar kind of mode changing: a "precursor" appearing just in front of the Main-Pulse (MP) exhibits periods of nulling, during which an interpulse (IP) becomes detectable at rotation phase separated by roughly 180 deg from the precursor. We propose that this bizarre phenomenon, which requires an information transfer between the two components, occurs by means of reversal of a direction of coherent radio emission generated in the same emission region. This interpretation naturally explains the lack of weak radio emission in the off-pulse regions, as well as the problem of information transfer between emission regions associated with the MP precursor and the IP. The reversals also imply nulling. The model has profound physical implications: (i) the mechanism of coherent radio emission must allow radiation into two, opposite, intermittently changing directions; (ii) the radio waves must be able to propagate through inner regions of the neutron star magnetosphere with strong magnetic field. Most importantly, the model implies inward radio emission in pulsar magnetosphere.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, submitted to ApJ Letters
Estimating the Price Elasticity of Demand for Water with Quasi Experimental Methods
Creators: name: Klaiber, H. Allen
name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Kaminsky, Michael
name: Strong, Aaron
name: Klaiber, H. Allen
name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Kaminsky, Michael
name: Strong, Aaron
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Water Demand Elasticity
subject: Quasi Experiment
subject: Climate Change

description: There is a growing recognition in both the professional and popular literatures that water scarcity is a key policy issue that is especially important in arid, urban settings with the prospects for shortfalls in water availability due to the effects of climate change. Those evaluating these types of water problems usually conclude prices must be reformed so that incentives facing water users change to reflect this scarcity. Demand functions provide the basic economic relationships required to understand how water use will respond to such changes. This paper proposes a new method for estimating the price elasticity of demand that meets policy needs and can accommodate the presence of increasing block pricing structures.
Additional file 1 of Genomic analysis of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diseased chicken in the Czech Republic
Creators: name: Papouskova, Aneta
name: Masarikova, Martina
name: Valcek, Adam
name: Senk, David
name: Cejkova, Darina
name: Jahodarova, Eva
name: Cizek, Alois
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table 1. Origin, date of isolation, serotyping, phylogenetic group, antimicrobial resistance genes and replicon profile of selected isolates. Figure 1. Preliminary characterization of 95 isolates – antimicrobial resistance. Figure 2. Preliminary characterization of 95 isolates – PCR detection of virulence genes.
Plasma Diagnostics of Active Region Evolution and Implications for Coronal Heating
Creators: name: Milligan, R. O.
name: Gallagher, P. T.
name: Mathioudakis, M.
name: Keenan, F. P.
name: Bloomfield, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed study is presented of the decaying solar active region NOAA 10103 observed with the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS), the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) and the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Electron density maps formed using Si X (356.03A/347.41A) show that the density varies from ~10^10 cm^-3 in the active region core, to ~7x10^8 cm^-3 at the region boundaries. Over the five days of observations, the average electron density fell by ~30%. Temperature maps formed using Fe XVI(335.41A)/Fe XIV(334.18A) show electron temperatures of \~2.34x10^6 K in the active region core, and ~2.10x10^6 K at the region boundaries. Similarly to the electron density, there was a small decrease in the average electron temperature over the five day period. The radiative, conductive, and mass flow losses were calculated and used to determine the resultant heating rate (P_H). Radiative losses were found to dominate the active region cooling process. As the region decayed, the heating rate decreased by almost a factor of five between the first and last day of observations. The heating rate was then compared to the total unsigned magnetic flux (Phi_tot), yielding a power-law of the form P_H ~ Phi_tot^(0.81 +/- 0.32). This result suggests that waves rather than nanoflares may be the dominant heating mechanism in this active region.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures. MNRAS, In Press
Ferroelectricity of Dion-Jacobson layered perovskites CsNdNb$_2$O$_7$ and RbNdNb$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Asaki, Sota
name: Akamatsu, Hirofumi
name: Hasegawa, George
name: Abe, Tomohiro
name: Nakahira, Yuki
name: Yoshida, Suguru
name: Moriyoshi, Chikako
name: Hayashi, Katsuro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystallography and dielectric properties in Dion-Jacobson layered perovskites, CsNdNb$_2$O$_7$ and RbNdNb$_2$O$_7$, have been examined in dense polycrystalline samples, and polarization hysteresis loops that substantiate ferroelectricity have been observed at room temperature. The theoretical mechanism for the spontaneous polarization, "hybrid improper ferroelectric mechanism,'' induced by a combination of two types of non-polar octahedral rotations, is confirmed in these two phases. Our samples show remanent polarizations of 2-3 $μ$C/cm$^2$, which are much larger than those obtained in polycrystalline samples with the hybrid improper ferroelectricity reported so far. A dielectric constant in CsNdNb$_2$O$_7$ exhibits an anomaly at 625 K, corresponding to the ferroelectric transition, as previously revealed by x-ray and neutron diffractometry. No dielectric anomaly is observed for RbNdNb$_2$O$_7$ throughout the temperature range studied here ($\leq$ 773 K), which is consistent with the previous diffractometry showing the persistence of polar $I2cm$ symmetry up to 790 K.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication by JJAP
title: A Deep Learning-Based Camera Approach for Vital Sign Monitoring Using Thermography Images for ICU Patients
Creators: name: Lyra, Simon
name: Mayer, Leon
name: Ou, Liyang
name: Chen, David
name: Timms, Paddy
name: Tay, Andrew
name: Chan, Peter Y.
name: Ganse, Bergita
name: Leonhardt, Steffen
name: Hoog Antink, Christoph
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Infrared thermography for camera-based skin temperature measurement is increasingly used in medical practice, e.g., to detect fevers and infections, such as recently in the COVID-19 pandemic. This contactless method is a promising technology to continuously monitor the vital signs of patients in clinical environments. In this study, we investigated both skin temperature trend measurement and the extraction of respiration-related chest movements to determine the respiratory rate using low-cost hardware in combination with advanced algorithms. In addition, the frequency of medical examinations or visits to the patients was extracted. We implemented a deep learning-based algorithm for real-time vital sign extraction from thermography images. A clinical trial was conducted to record data from patients on an intensive care unit. The YOLOv4-Tiny object detector was applied to extract image regions containing vital signs (head and chest). The infrared frames were manually labeled for evaluation. Validation was performed on a hold-out test dataset of 6 patients and revealed good detector performance (0.75 intersection over union, 0.94 mean average precision). An optical flow algorithm was used to extract the respiratory rate from the chest region. The results show a mean absolute error of 2.69 bpm. We observed a computational performance of 47 fps on an NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX module for YOLOv4-Tiny, which proves real-time capability on an embedded GPU system. In conclusion, the proposed method can perform real-time vital sign extraction on a low-cost system-on-module and may thus be a useful method for future contactless vital sign measurements.
A super-resolution imaging approach via subwavelength hole resonances
Creators: name: Lin, Junshan
name: Zhang, Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This work presents a new super-resolution imaging approach by using subwavelength hole resonances. We employ a subwavelength structure in which an array of tiny holes are etched in a metallic slab with the neighboring distance $\ell$ that is smaller than half of the wavelength. By tuning the incident wave at resonant frequencies, the subwavelength structure generates strong illumination patterns that are able to probe both low and high spatial frequency components of the imaging sample sitting above the structure. The image of the sample is obtained by performing stable numerical reconstruction from the far-field measurement of the diffracted wave. It is demonstrated that a resolution of $\ell/2$ can be obtained for reconstructed images, thus one can achieve super-resolution by arranging multiple holes within one wavelength. The proposed approach may find applications in wave-based imaging such as electromagnetic and ultrasound imaging. It attains two advantages that are important for practical realization. It avoids the difficulty to control the distance the between the probe and the sample surface with high precision. In addition, the numerical reconstructed images are very stable against noise by only using the low frequency band of the far-field data in the numerical reconstruction.
Mass parameter and the bounds on redshifts and blueshifts of photons emitted from geodesic particle orbiting in the vicinity of regular black holes
Creators: name: Becerril, Ricardo
name: -Alvarado, Susana Valdez
name: Nucamendi, Ulises
name: Sheoran, Pankaj
name: Dávila, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the mass parameter for a class of static and spherically symmetric regular black holes (BHs) (namely Bardeen, Hayward and Ayón-Beato-García BHs) which are solutions of Einstein's field equations coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) in terms of redshifts and blueshifts of photons emitted by geodesic particles (for instance, stars) orbiting around these BHs. The motion of photons is not governed by null geodesics for these type of spacetime geometries which reflects the direct effects of the electrodynamic nonlinearities in the photon motion; hence, an effective geometry needs to be constructed to study null trajectories [Phys. Rev. D61, 045001 (2000)]. To achieve the above, we first study the constants of motion from the analysis of the motion of both geodesic particles moving in stable circular orbits and photons ejected from them and reaching a distant observer (or detector) in the equatorial plane for the above mentioned regular BHs. The relationship between red/blueshifts of photons and the regular BH observables is presented. We also numerically find the bounds on the photon shifts for these regular BH cases.
description: 23 pages, 19 figures, Major revision, title and context changed, App. A added, new figures added, updated to match journal version
Self-similarity breaking: Anomalous nonequilibrium finite-size scaling and finite-time scaling
Creators: name: Yuan, Weilun
name: Yin, Shuai
name: Zhong, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symmetry breaking plays a pivotal role in modern physics. Although self-similarity is also a symmetry and appears ubiquitously in nature, a fundamental question is whether self-similarity breaking makes sense or not. Here, by identifying the most important kind of critical fluctuations dubbed as phases fluctuations and comparing the consequences of having self-similarity with those of lacking self-similarity in the phases fluctuations, we show that self-similarity can indeed be broken with significant consequences at least in nonequilibrium situations. We find that the breaking of self-similarity results in new critical exponents which give rise to violation of the well-known finite-size scaling or the less-known finite-time scaling and different leading exponents in the ordered and the disordered phases of the paradigmatic Ising model on two- or three-dimensional finite lattices when it subjects to the simplest nonequilibrium driving of linear heating or cooling through its critical point, in stark contrast to identical exponents and different amplitudes in usual critical phenomena. Our results demonstrate how surprising driven nonequilibrium critical phenomena can be. Application to other classical and quantum phase transitions is highly expected.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
The Inconvenience Cost: A Portfolio Approach to Non-Convergence Between Cash and Futures Prices
Creators: name: Adjemian, Michael K.
name: Kuethe, Todd H.
name: Kunda, Eugene L.
name: Adjemian, Michael K.
name: Kuethe, Todd H.
name: Kunda, Eugene L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Convergence
subject: Arbitrage
subject: Portfolio Theory
subject: Storage

description: Cash and futures prices should reach equality, or converge, upon contract maturity. Traders can impose convergence during the delivery month through arbitrage behavior: either making or taking delivery on futures contracts. If convergence is not predictable, a futures market fails to provide a clear storage signal to potential inventory holders and reduces the attractiveness of hedging. Recent convergence problems in domestic commodity markets demonstrate the existence of persistent, significant arbitrage opportunities over the second half of the last decade. Yet, terminal elevator operators—perhaps the only participants with the capacity to do so—have not arbitraged away these riskless returns by making enough deliveries. This model demonstrates conditions under which a profit maximizing warehouseman foregoes available arbitrage. We find that making delivery involves substantial opportunity costs, which stem from the loss of managerial control over warehouse space. We refer to the inconvenience of losing such control as the inconvenience cost.
Supersymmetric AdS(4) compactifications of IIA supergravity
Creators: name: Lust, D.
name: Tsimpis, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for N=1 compactifications of (massive) IIA supergravity to AdS(4) in the language of SU(3) structures. We find new solutions characterized by constant dilaton and nonzero fluxes for all form fields. All fluxes are given in terms of the geometrical data of the internal compact space. The latter is constrained to belong to a special class of half-flat manifolds.
description: 24 pages, references added
Additional file 1 of Hypophosphataemia after ferric carboxymaltose is unrelated to symptoms, intestinal inflammation or vitamin D status
Creators: name: Fang, Wendy
name: Kenny, Rachel
name: Qurat-Ul-Ain Rizvi
name: McMahon, Lawrence P.
name: Garg, Mayur
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1:Table S1. Delayed adverse events (from 1 h after infusion to 28 days follow-up). Figure S1. Correlation between minimum serum phosphate during follow-up and multiple markers in patients with IBD.
Additional file 1 of Clinical characteristics and health care received among patients with type 2 diabetes attending secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities in Mwanza Region, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Munyogwa, Mariam J.
name: William, Reuben
name: Kibusi, Stephen M.
name: Nyasiro S. Gibore
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire: Assessment of clinical characteristics and health care services received among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending specialized diabetes clinics at secondary and tertiary health care facilities in Mwanza Region, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study. The questionnaire shows questions used to collect information on clinical characteristics and health care services received among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending specialized diabetes clinics.
Stability of planetary, single M dwarf, and binary star companions to Kepler detached eclipsing binaries and a possible five body system
Creators: name: Getley, A. K.
name: Carter, B.
name: King, R.
name: O'Toole, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study we identify 11 Kepler systems (KIC 5255552, 5653126, 5731312, 7670617, 7821010, 8023317, 10268809, 10296163, 11519226, 11558882 and 12356914) with a "flip-flop" effect in the eclipse timing variations O-C diagrams of the systems, report on what these systems have in common and whether these systems are dynamically stable. These systems have previously reported high eccentric binary stars with highly eccentric third bodies/outer companions. We find that all of the additional bodies in the system are dynamically stable for the configurations previously reported and are therefore likely to exist as described. We also provide additional evidence of KIC5255552 being a quadruple star system comprised of an eclipsing binary pair and non-eclipsing binary pair with the possibility of a fifth body in the system. With the advent of the NASA TESS exoplanet survey, its precision photometric monitoring offers an opportunity to help confirm more local eclipsing binary star companions, including planets.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Manufacturing eugenics : the role of scientific norms and liberal values in the debate over prenatal genetic technologies
Creators: name: Iannitti, Valerie E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines the dominant and influential role of scientific norms and liberal values in the legitimization of access to prenatal testing. In providing mothers with genetic information regarding the health of their foetus, the use of reproductive genetic technologies (RGT) coupled with access to abortion, results in a devaluation of the lives of persons with disabilities. Yet, the individual has complete autonomy of choice in this matter; accordingly, these discrete decisions, when taken in aggregate, have profound social implications. A person has the right to exact this individual agency without regard to the externalities that develop in consequence, namely, a new way to socially select for 'good genes'—a process known as 'liberal eugenics'. This paper asks the question: Why has access to RGT not been curtailed, given the negative externalities of use thereof? Two prevailing social norms emerge as the forces that drive and legitimize liberal eugenics. Liberal societies (1) embrace science as good and (2) view the rights bearing individual as primary. This paper argues, first, that these two social norms transform genetic tests into an instrument of eugenics, and second, that society's belief in the importance of individual choice has roots in the history of liberal political theory. I show how Locke's theory of the body as self-owned property acquires new meaning in this era of genetic progress and, in turn, strengthens the influence of J.S. Mill's theory of the free-choosing individual. In doing so, I set up my ultimate argument: that the successes of the principles of the body as self-owned property' and 'the free-choosing individual' in ensuring individual autonomy have resulted in their societal 'normalization', validating and legitimizing individual rights, while simultaneously and ironically engendering a liberal eugenics by permitting access to prenatal reproductive technologies.
Additional file 3 of Beyond coverage: a qualitative study exploring the perceived impact of Gabon’s health insurance plan on access to and quality of prenatal care
Creators: name: N’doh Ashken Sanogo
name: Arone Wondwossen Fantaye
name: Yaya, Sanni
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Framework for non-participant observation
The Magnitude and Timing of Retail Beef and Bread Price Response to Changes in Input Costs
Creators: name: Roeger, Edward
name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
name: Roeger, Edward
name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this study we develop a model for pass-through behavior for two retail food items with different levels of processing, beef and bread, using 36 years of monthly Bureau of Labor Statistics price indices data (1972-2008). Through the use of a two-stage error correction model that allows for the possibilities of asymmetric and threshold type response behavior, we analyze both the farm to wholesale and wholesale to retail price relationship considering underlying cointegrating relationships and allowing for the presence of structural breaks in these long term equations. Our results indicate that broad differences in price behavior exist not only between food categories but also across production level prices. While farm to wholesale relationships generally appear to be symmetric, retail prices are shown to have a somewhat more complicated response behavior, and for both food products the pass-through at this stage is weaker than that of the farm to wholesale response.