cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Self-ordered Mo-oxide Nanotube Arrays as Precursor for Aligned MoOx/MoS2 Core-Shell Nanotubular Structures with a High Density of Reactive Sites
Creators: name: Jin, Bowen
name: Zhou, Xuemei
name: Huang, Li
name: Licklederer, Markus
name: Yang, Min
name: Schmuki, Patrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we demonstrate the self-organized formation of anodic Mo-oxide nanotube arrays grown on a Mo sheet under suitable electrochemical conditions in glycerol/NH4F electrolytes. The resulting amorphous tubes can be crystallized by annealing to MoO2 or MoO3. The tube walls then can be further sulfurized fully or partially to Mo-sulfide to form well-ordered arrays of vertically aligned MoOx/MoS2 nanotubes. Under optimized conditions, defined MoS2 sheets form on the oxide walls in a layer by layer low angle zig-zag arrangement that provide a high density of reactive stacking faults. These core-shell nanotube arrays, consisting of tubes with a conductive suboxide core and a functional high defect density MoS2 coating, are highly promising for applications such as electrocatalysis (hydrogen evolution) or ion insertion devices.
Globalisation and the internationalisation of universities in Japan : issues of identity in student exchange
Creators: name: Hiroko, Hashimoto
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Hydrodynamic interaction between particles near elastic interfaces
Creators: name: Daddi-Moussa-Ider, Abdallah
name: Gekle, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical calculation of the hydrodynamic interaction between two spherical particles near an elastic interface such as a cell membrane. The theory predicts the frequency dependent self- and pair-mobilities accounting for the finite particle size up to the 5th order in the ratio between particle diameter and wall distance as well as between diameter and interparticle distance. We find that particle motion towards a membrane with pure bending resistance always leads to mutual repulsion similar as in the well-known case of a hard-wall. In the vicinity of a membrane with shearing resistance, however, we observe an attractive interaction in a certain parameter range which is in contrast to the behavior near a hard wall. This attraction might facilitate surface chemical reactions. Furthermore, we show that there exists a frequency range in which the pair-mobility for perpendicular motion exceeds its bulk value, leading to short-lived superdiffusive behavior. Using the analytical particle mobilities we compute collective and relative diffusion coefficients. The appropriateness of the approximations in our analytical results is demonstrated by corresponding boundary integral simulations which are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures and 109 references. Manuscript accepted for publication in J. Chem. Phys
Integrons in pseudomonads are associated with hotspots of genomic diversity
Creators: name: Wilson, Neil Lewis
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Integrons associated with mobile genetic elements have played a central role in the emergence and spread of multiple antibiotic resistance in many pathogenic bacteria. However, the discovery of integrons in the chromosomes of diverse, non-pathogenic bacteria suggests that integrons have a broader role in bacterial evolution. The Pseudomonas stutzeri species complex is a well studied model for bacterial diversity. Members of the complex are genetically closely related, but sub-taxa are not able to be defined by exclusively shared sets of phenotypic characters. Rather, on the basis of total DNA:DNA similarity, Ps. stutzeri strains have been divided into 17 different groups (termed genomovars). Two Ps. stutzeri strains have been found to contain Chromosomal Integrons (CIs). This thesis involved exploration of the hypothesis that a CI was present in the common ancestor of the Ps. stutzeri species complex and assessed the impact of integrons on diversity across all Pseudomonads. The history and significance of integrons is discussed in Chapter 1 as part of a literature review, and general materials and methods are provided in Chapter 2. Chapters 3 - 6 comprise the sections in which data generated during my PhD project are presented. A comprehensive analysis of the relationships between the strains being analysed is presented in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, results of PCR and hybridisation screening for integrons across the strain collection are presented. In Chapter 5 the recovery of additional integrons and in depth sequence analysis of the recovered integrons are described. Finally, Chapter 6 contains statistical analyses of integron-associated genes and Chapter 7 contains a final discussion the most significant findings. Twenty-three Pseudomonas spp. strains were screened for the presence of integrons. All but three were found to contain integron-like sequences; however, most integron sequences recovered contained inactivated core integrons. viii Despite having a chromosomal locus, integrons in Pseudomonas were found to have properties indicative of frequent horizontal transfer. Evidence was also obtained which suggests that integrons have been acquired at the same locus on multiple independent occasions. This has not been observed in other families of chromosomal integrons and suggests that the loci at which integrons in Pseudomonas are found are hotspots for recombination.
Exclusive dielectron production in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV with ATLAS
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exclusive production of dielectron pairs, $γγ\rightarrow e^+e^-$, is studied using $\mathcal{L}_\mathrm{int}=1.72\; \mathrm{nb^{-1}}$ of data from ultraperipheral collisions of lead nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{_{\text{NN}}}} = 5.02$ TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The process of interest proceeds via photon-photon interaction in the strong electromagnetic fields of relativistic lead nuclei. Dielectron production is measured in the fiducial region defined by following requirements: electron transverse momentum, $p_{\textrm{T}}^{e} > 2.5$ GeV, absolute electron pseudorapidity, $|η^{e}| < 2.5$, invariant mass of the dielectron system, $m_{ee} > 5$ GeV, and transverse momentum of the dielecton pair, $p_{\textrm{T}}^{ee} < 2$ GeV. Differential cross-sections are measured as a function of $m_{ee}$, average $p_{\textrm{T}}^{e}$, absolute rapidity of the dielectron system, $|y_{ee}|$, and scattering angle in the dielectron rest frame, $|\cosθ^*|$ in the inclusive sample, and also under the requirement of no activity in the forward direction. The total integrated fiducial cross-section is measured to be $215 \pm 1 \text{(stat.)} ^{+23}_{-20} \text{(syst.)} \pm 4 \text{(lumi.)}\; μ$b. Within experimental uncertainties the measured integrated cross-section is in good agreement with the QED predictions from the Monte Carlo programs Starlight and SuperChic, confirming the broad features of the initial photon fluxes. The differential cross-sections show systematic differences with these predictions which are more pronounced at high $|y_{ee}|$ and $|\cosθ^*|$ values.
description: 21 pages in total, 7 figures, 0 tables, submitted to JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2021-16
Assessment of a cost-effective headphone calibration procedure for soundscape evaluations
Creators: name: Lam, Bhan
name: Ooi, Kenneth
name: Ong, Zhen-Ting
name: Watcharasupat, Karn N.
name: Wong, Trevor
name: Gan, Woon-Seng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To increase the availability and adoption of the soundscape standard, a low-cost calibration procedure for reproduction of audio stimuli over headphones was proposed as part of the global ``Soundscape Attributes Translation Project'' (SATP) for validating ISO/TS~12913-2:2018 perceived affective quality (PAQ) attribute translations. A previous preliminary study revealed significant deviations from the intended equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure levels ($L_{\text{A,eq}}$) using the open-circuit voltage (OCV) calibration procedure. For a more holistic human-centric perspective, the OCV method is further investigated here in terms of psychoacoustic parameters, including relevant exceedance levels to account for temporal effects on the same 27 stimuli from the SATP. Moreover, a within-subjects experiment with 36 participants was conducted to examine the effects of OCV calibration on the PAQ attributes in ISO/TS~12913-2:2018. Bland-Altman analysis of the objective indicators revealed large biases in the OCV method across all weighted sound level and loudness indicators; and roughness indicators at \SI{5}{\%} and \SI{10}{\%} exceedance levels. Significant perceptual differences due to the OCV method were observed in about \SI{20}{\%} of the stimuli, which did not correspond clearly with the biased acoustic indicators. A cautioned interpretation of the objective and perceptual differences due to small and unpaired samples nevertheless provide grounds for further investigation.
description: For 24th International Congress on Acoustics
Physics-informed PointNet: A deep learning solver for steady-state incompressible flows and thermal fields on multiple sets of irregular geometries
Creators: name: Kashefi, Ali
name: Mukerji, Tapan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel physics-informed deep learning framework for solving steady-state incompressible flow on multiple sets of irregular geometries by incorporating two main elements: using a point-cloud based neural network to capture geometric features of computational domains, and using the mean squared residuals of the governing partial differential equations, boundary conditions, and sparse observations as the loss function of the network to capture the physics. While the solution of the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations is a function of the geometry of the computational domain, current versions of physics-informed neural networks have no mechanism to express this functionally in their outputs, and thus are restricted to obtain the solutions only for one computational domain with each training procedure. Using the proposed framework, three new facilities become available. First, the governing equations are solvable on a set of computational domains containing irregular geometries with high variations with respect to each other but requiring training only once. Second, after training the introduced framework on the set, it is now able to predict the solutions on domains with unseen geometries from seen and unseen categories as well. The former and the latter both lead to savings in computational costs. Finally, all the advantages of the point-cloud based neural network for irregular geometries, already used for supervised learning, are transferred to the proposed physics-informed framework. The effectiveness of our framework is shown through the method of manufactured solutions and thermally-driven flow for forward and inverse problems.
Dual Modality Prompt Tuning for Vision-Language Pre-Trained Model
Creators: name: Xing, Yinghui
name: Wu, Qirui
name: Cheng, De
name: Zhang, Shizhou
name: Liang, Guoqiang
name: Wang, Peng
name: Zhang, Yanning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the emergence of large pre-trained vison-language model like CLIP, transferable representations can be adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks via prompt tuning. Prompt tuning tries to probe the beneficial information for downstream tasks from the general knowledge stored in the pre-trained model. A recently proposed method named Context Optimization (CoOp) introduces a set of learnable vectors as text prompt from the language side. However, tuning the text prompt alone can only adjust the synthesized "classifier", while the computed visual features of the image encoder can not be affected , thus leading to sub-optimal solutions. In this paper, we propose a novel Dual-modality Prompt Tuning (DPT) paradigm through learning text and visual prompts simultaneously. To make the final image feature concentrate more on the target visual concept, a Class-Aware Visual Prompt Tuning (CAVPT) scheme is further proposed in our DPT, where the class-aware visual prompt is generated dynamically by performing the cross attention between text prompts features and image patch token embeddings to encode both the downstream task-related information and visual instance information. Extensive experimental results on 11 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization ability of the proposed method. Our code is available in https://github.com/fanrena/DPT.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Identification of problem solving strategies adopted by nurses in procedural care-giving
Creators: name: Taylor, Bridget Catherine
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
A dynamical $α$-cluster model of $^{16}$O
Creators: name: Halcrow, C. J.
name: King, C.
name: Manton, N. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the low-lying spectrum of the $^{16}$O nucleus using an $α$-cluster model which includes the important tetrahedral and square configurations. Our approach is motivated by the dynamics of $α$-particle scattering in the Skyrme model. We are able to replicate the large energy splitting that is observed between states of identical spin but opposite parities, as well as introduce states that were previously not found in other cluster models, such as a $0^-$ state. We also provide a novel interpretation of the first excited state of $^{16}$O and make predictions for the energies of $6^-$ states that have yet to be observed experimentally.
description: 5 pages, 9 figures
Measurement of the top-quark mass using a leptonic invariant mass in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13~\textrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the top-quark mass ($m_t$) in the $t\bar{t}\rightarrow~\textrm{lepton}+\textrm{jets}$ channel is presented, with an experimental technique which exploits semileptonic decays of $b$-hadrons produced in the top-quark decay chain. The distribution of the invariant mass $m_{\ellμ}$ of the lepton, $\ell$ (with $\ell=e,μ$), from the $W$-boson decay and the muon, $μ$, originating from the $b$-hadron decay is reconstructed, and a binned-template profile likelihood fit is performed to extract $m_t$. The measurement is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s} = 13~\textrm{TeV}$ $pp$ collisions provided by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded by the ATLAS detector. The measured value of the top-quark mass is $m_{t} = 174.41\pm0.39~(\textrm{stat.})\pm0.66~(\textrm{syst.})\pm0.25~(\textrm{recoil})~\textrm{GeV}$, where the third uncertainty arises from changing the PYTHIA8 parton shower gluon-recoil scheme, used in top-quark decays, to a recently developed setup.
description: 54 pages in total, author list starting page 37, 9 figures, 6 tables, published in JHEP 06 (2023) 019. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at: https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2017-17/
title: The role of endogenous opioids and brain neurotransmitters in the generation of the LH surge in the rat
Creators: name: Yilmaz, Bayram
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences, Endocrinology.

description: It has been suggested that a multiplicity of neurotransmitter systems regulate the release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from their neurons in the hypothalamus which in turn control luteinising hormone (LH) secretion from the anterior pituitary. An example of such neurotransmitter systems is that secreting the endogenous opioid peptides which have a profound inhibitory influence on the LH secretion. Recently, it has been reported that a reduction in the activity of these peptides in the hypothalamus may be the initial neural stimulus for the generation of the pre-ovulatory LH surge which induces ovulation. Furthermore, this inhibitory opioidergic action may involve alterations in the activity of monoaminergic neurons which make synaptic contacts with the GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus. Naloxone-, the opioid antagonist, induced LH release can be prevented by prior administration of a-adrenergic blockers. The central noradrenergic system is believed to be an essential component of the GnRH pulse-generating mechanism. The present study was undertaken to determine (i) the modulating effects of specific mu-, kappa- and delta-opioid receptor agonists and antagonists on hypothalamic monoaminergic content and on LH release and (ii) the inter-relationship between the opioid peptidergic and aminergic systems in the control of GnRH activity. The results indicate that multiple opioid receptor subtypes are involved in the opioid suppression of the pre-ovulatory LH surge. It appears that opioid modulation of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin release and/or turnover within the specific areas of the hypothalamus via mu-, kappa- and delta-opioid receptors is inhibitory at the time of the LH surge. This study supports the concept that an increase in the hypothalamic noradrenergic activity is a critical event in triggering the surge release of GnRH and LH. Both the dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems may also facilitate the pre-ovulatory LH surge, although their effects are thought to be of minor importance in this process. In view of the unexpected interference by both urethane and ketamine anaesthesia on plasma LH levels, it is recommended that use of general anaesthetics in neuroendocrine studies should be avoided if at all possible. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
The Molecular Wind in the Nearest Seyfert Galaxy Circinus Revealed by ALMA
Creators: name: Zschaechner, Laura K.
name: Walter, Fabian
name: Bolatto, Alberto
name: Farina, Emanuele P.
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Leroy, Adam
name: Meier, David S.
name: Ott, Jürgen
name: Veilleux, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ALMA observations of the inner 1' (1.2 kpc) of the Circinus galaxy, the nearest Seyfert. We target CO (1-0) in the region associated with a well-known multiphase outflow driven by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN). While the geometry of Circinus and its outflow make disentangling the latter difficult, we see indications of outflowing molecular gas at velocities consistent with the ionized outflow. We constrain the mass of the outflowing molecular gas to be 1.5e5 -5.1e6 solar masses, yielding a molecular outflow rate of 0.35-12.3 solar masses per year. The values within this range are comparable to the star formation rate in Circinus, indicating that the outflow indeed regulates star formation to some degree. The molecular outflow in Circinus is considerably lower in mass and energetics than previously-studied AGN-driven outflows, especially given its high ratio of AGN luminosity to bolometric luminosity. The molecular outflow in Circinus is, however, consistent with some trends put forth in Cicone et al. (2014), including a linear relation between kinetic power and AGN luminosity, as well as its momentum rate vs. bolometric luminosity (although the latter places Circinus among the starburst galaxies in that sample). We detect additional molecular species including CN and C17O.
description: Accepted to ApJ, 18 pages, 15 figures
Model- and Acceleration-based Pursuit Controller for High-Performance Autonomous Racing
Creators: name: Becker, Jonathan
name: Imholz, Nadine
name: Schwarzenbach, Luca
name: Ghignone, Edoardo
name: Baumann, Nicolas
name: Magno, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Autonomous racing is a research field gaining large popularity, as it pushes autonomous driving algorithms to their limits and serves as a catalyst for general autonomous driving. For scaled autonomous racing platforms, the computational constraint and complexity often limit the use of Model Predictive Control (MPC). As a consequence, geometric controllers are the most frequently deployed controllers. They prove to be performant while yielding implementation and operational simplicity. Yet, they inherently lack the incorporation of model dynamics, thus limiting the race car to a velocity domain where tire slip can be neglected. This paper presents Model- and Acceleration-based Pursuit (MAP) a high-performance model-based trajectory tracking algorithm that preserves the simplicity of geometric approaches while leveraging tire dynamics. The proposed algorithm allows accurate tracking of a trajectory at unprecedented velocities compared to State-of-the-Art (SotA) geometric controllers. The MAP controller is experimentally validated and outperforms the reference geometric controller four-fold in terms of lateral tracking error, yielding a tracking error of 0.055m at tested speeds up to 11m/s.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
No-Go Theorem for Boson Condensation in Topologically Ordered Quantum Liquids
Creators: name: Neupert, Titus
name: He, Huan
name: von Keyserlingk, Curt
name: Sierra, German
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Certain phase transitions between topological quantum field theories (TQFT) are driven by the condensation of bosonic anyons. However, as bosons in a TQFT are themselves nontrivial collective excitations, there can be topological obstructions that prevent them from condensing. Here we formulate such an obstruction in the form of a no-go theorem. We use it to show that no condensation is possible in SO(3)$_k$ TQFTs with odd $k$. We further show that a layered theory obtained by tensoring SO(3)$_k$ TQFT with itself any integer number of times does not admit condensation transitions either. This includes (as the case $k=3$) the noncondensability of any number of layers of the Fibonacci TQFT.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures plus 3 pages Supplemental Information
Quasiclassical model of inhomogeneous cosmology
Creators: name: Bojowald, Martin
name: Hancock, Freddy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuation terms and higher moments of a quantum state imply corrections to the classical equations of motion that may have implications in early-universe cosmology, for instance in the state-dependent form of effective potentials. In addition, space-time properties are relevant in cosmology, in particular when combined with quantum corrections required to maintain general covariance in a consistent way. Here, an extension of previous investigations of static quasiclassical space-time models to dynamical ones is presented, describing the evolution of 1-dimensional space as in the classical Lemaitre--Tolman--Bondi models. The corresponding spatial metric has two independent components, both of which are in general subject to quantum fluctuations. The main result is that individual moments from both components are indeed required for general covariance to be maintained at a semiclassical level, while quantum correlations between the components are less relevant.
description: 43 pages, 11 figures
Simple proofs of nowhere-differentiability for Weierstrass's function and cases of slow growth
Creators: name: Johnsen, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A27

description: Using a few basics from integration theory, a short proof of nowhere-differentiability of Weierstrass functions is given. Restated in terms of the Fourier transformation, the method consists in principle of a second microlocalisation, which is used to derive two general results on existence of nowhere differentiable functions. Examples are given in which the frequencies are of polynomial growth and of almost quadratic growth as a borderline case.
description: 16 pages. Update of the accepted version, with correction of a few misprints, including "liminf" instead of "limsup" in line 2-3 after formula (2.2). (The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00041-009-9072-2)
Rethinking Generalized Beta Family of Distributions
Creators: name: Liu, Jiong
name: Serota, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We approach the Generalized Beta (GB) family of distributions using a mean-reverting stochastic differential equation (SDE) for a power of the variable, whose steady-state (stationary) probability density function (PDF) is a modified GB (mGB) distribution. The SDE approach allows for a lucid explanation of Generalized Beta Prime (GB2) and Generalized Beta (GB1) limits of GB distribution and, further down, of Generalized Inverse Gamma (GIGa) and Generalized Gamma (GGa) limits, as well as describe the transition between the latter two. We provide an alternative form to the "traditional" GB PDF to underscore that a great deal of usefulness of GB distribution lies in its allowing a long-range power-law behavior to be ultimately terminated at a finite value. We derive the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the "traditional" GB, which belongs to the family generated by the regularized beta function and is crucial for analysis of the tails of the distribution. We analyze fifty years of historical data on realized market volatility, specifically for S\&P500, as a case study of the use of GB/mGB distributions and show that its behavior is consistent with that of negative Dragon Kings.
description: 21 pages, 11 figyes, 2 tables
Resolving Charged Hadrons in QED -- Gauge Invariant Interpolating Operators
Creators: name: Nabeebaccus, Saad
name: Zwicky, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard interpolating operators for charged mesons, e.g. $J_{B} = \bar b i γ_5 u$ for $B^-$, are not gauge invariant in QED and therefore problematic for perturbative methods. We propose a gauge invariant interpolating operator by adding an auxiliary charged scalar $Φ_B$, ${\cal J}_{B}^{(0)} = J_B \, Φ_B$, which reproduces all the universal soft and collinear logs. The modified LSZ-factor is shown to be infrared finite which is a necessary condition for validating the approach. At ${\cal O}(α)$, this is equivalent to a specific Dirac dressing of charged operators. A generalisation thereof, using iterated integrals, establishes the equivalence to all orders and provides a transparent alternative viewpoint. The method is discussed by the example of the leptonic decay $B^- \to \ell^- \bar ν$ for which a numerical study is to follow. The formalism itself is valid for any spin, flavour and set of final states (e.g. $B^- \to π^0 \ell^- \bar ν$).
description: 4 Fig, 17 pp + refs, version quasi identical to JHEP version (conclusions unchanged)
Attitudes and achievement in biology : an investigation of the effects of student attributes and teaching styles on attitudes and achievement in secondary school biology
Creators: name: Theobald, John Hamilton
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Validating First-Principles Phonon Lifetimes via Inelastic Neutron Scattering
Creators: name: Xiao, Enda
name: Ma, Hao
name: Bryan, Matthew S.
name: Fu, Lyuwen
name: Mann, J. Matthew
name: Winn, Barry
name: Abernathy, Douglas L.
name: Hermann, Raphaël P.
name: Khanolkar, Amey R.
name: Dennett, Cody A.
name: Hurley, David H.
name: Manley, Michael E.
name: Marianetti, Chris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phonon lifetimes are a key component of quasiparticle theories of transport, yet first-principles lifetimes are rarely directly compared to inelastic neutron scattering (INS) results. Existing comparisons show discrepancies even at temperatures where perturbation theory is expected to be reliable. In this work, we demonstrate that the reciprocal space voxel ($q$-voxel), which is the finite region in reciprocal space required in INS data analysis, must be explicitly accounted for within theory in order to draw a meaningful comparison. We demonstrate accurate predictions of peak widths of the scattering function when accounting for the $q$-voxel in CaF$_2$ and ThO$_2$. Passing this test implies high fidelity of the phonon interactions and the approximations used to compute the Green's function, serving as critical benchmark of theory, and indicating that other material properties should be accurately predicted; which we demonstrate for thermal conductivity.
Passive, active and absorbing frequency selective surfaces for wireless communication applications
Creators: name: Kiani, Ghaffer I.
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis presents three topics related to frequency selective surfaces (FSSs), namely bsorb/transmit FSSs, active FSSs and passive bandpass FSSs for energy-saving glass used in modern buildings. These three FSSs are unique in their design and functionalities. The absorb/transmit FSS is a novel dual-layer frequency selective surface for 5 GHz WLAN applications. This FSS can stop propagation of specific bands by absorbing as opposed to re ecting, while passing other useful signals. This is in contrast to the conventional Salisbury and Jaumann absorbers, which provide good absorption in the desired band while the out-of-band frequencies are attenuated. The second topic is a single-layer bandpass active FSS that can be switched between ON and OFF states to control the transmission in 2.45 GHz WLAN applications. Previously, researchers have focused on the bandstop and dual-layer versions of the active FSS. This is in contrast to the design presented in this thesis which is single-layer and provides extra advantage in a practical WLAN environment. Also the dc biasing techniques that were used for the active FSS design are easier to implement and provide good frequency stability for different angles of incidence and polarisations in both ON and OFF states. The last topic is on the use of a bandpass FSS in energy-saving glass panels used in building design. The manufacturers of these glass panels apply a very thin metal-oxide coating on one side of the glass panels to provide extra infrared (heat) attenuation. However, due to the presence of the coating, these energy-saving glass panels also attenuate communication signals such as GSM 900, GSM 1800/1900, UMTS and 3G mobile signals etc. This creates a major communication problem when buildings are constructed with windows of this glass. In this thesis, a solution to this problem is presented by designing and etching a cross-dipole bandpass FSS on the coated side of the glass to pass the useful signals while keeping infrared attenuation at an acceptable level. One of the advantages of this FSS design is that measured material values of the metal-oxide coating are used for simulations, which have not been done previously.
Shadows of our Former Companions: How the Single-Degenerate Binary Type Ia Supernova Scenario Affects Remnants
Creators: name: Gray, William J
name: Raskin, Cody
name: Owen, J. Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present three-dimensional high resolution simulations of Type Ia supernova in the presence of a non-degenerate companion. We find that the presence of a nearby companion leaves a long-lived hole in the supernova ejecta. In particular, we aim to study the long term evolution of this hole as the supernova ejecta interacts with the surrounding interstellar medium. Using estimates for the x-ray emission, we find that the hole generated by the companion remains for many centuries after the interaction between the ejecta and the interstellar medium. We also show that the hole is discernible over a wide range of viewing angles and companion masses.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures, accepted to ApJ
Nijenhuis Geometry
Creators: name: Bolsinov, Alexey V.
name: Konyaev, Andrey Yu.
name: Matveev, Vladimir S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work is the first, and main, of the series of papers in progress dedicated to Nienhuis operators, i.e., fields of endomorphisms with vanishing Nijenhuis tensor. It serves as an introduction to Nijenhuis Geometry that should be understood in much wider context than before: from local description at generic points to singularities and global analysis. The goal of the present paper is to introduce terminology, develop new important techniques (e.g., analytic functions of Nijenhuis operators, splitting theorem and linearisation), summarise and generalise basic facts (some of which are already known but we give new self-contained proofs), and more importantly, to demonstrate that the research programme proposed in the paper is realistic by proving a series of new, not at all obvious, results.
Experimental realization of chiral Landau levels in two-dimensional Dirac cone systems with inhomogeneous effective mass
Creators: name: Jia, Hongwei
name: Wang, Mudi
name: Ma, Shaojie
name: Zhang, Ruo-Yang
name: Hu, Jing
name: Chan, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral zeroth Landau levels are topologically protected bulk states that give rise to chiral anomaly. Previous discussions on such chiral Landau levels are based on three-dimensional Weyl degeneracies. Their realizations using two-dimensional Dirac point systems, being more promising for future applications, were never reported before. Here we propose a theoretical and experimental scheme for realizing chiral Landau levels in a photonic system. By introducing an inhomogeneous effective mass through breaking local parity inversion symmetries, the zeroth-order chiral Landau levels with one-way propagation characteristics are experimentally observed. In addition, the robust transport of the chiral zeroth mode against defects in the system is experimentally tested. Our system provides a new pathway for the realization of chiral Landau levels in two-dimensional Dirac systems, and may potentially be applied in device designs utilizing the transport robustness.
Sea of Genes: Combining Animation and Narrative Strategies to Visualize Metagenomic Data for Museums
Creators: name: Dasu, Keshav
name: Ma, Kwan-Liu
name: Ma, Joyce
name: Frazier, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We examine the application of narrative strategies to present a complex and unfamiliar metagenomics dataset to the public in a science museum. Our dataset contains information about microbial gene expressions that scientists use to infer the behavior of microbes. This exhibit had three goals: to inform (the) public about microbes' behavior, cycles, and patterns; to link their behavior to the concept of gene expression; and to highlight scientists' use of gene expression data to understand the role of microbes. To address these three goals, we created a visualization with three narrative layers, each layer corresponding to a goal. This study presented us with an opportunity to assess existing frameworks for narrative visualization in a naturalistic setting. We present three successive rounds of design and evaluation of our attempts to engage visitors with complex data through narrative visualization. We highlight our design choices and their underlying rationale based on extant theories. We conclude that a central animation based on a curated dataset could successfully achieve our first goal, i.e., to communicate the aggregate behavior and interactions of microbes. We failed to achieve our second goal and had limited success with the third goal. Overall, this study highlights the challenges of telling multi-layered stories and the need for new frameworks for communicating layered stories in public settings.
description: This manuscript has been accepted to VIS 2020 and TVCG 9 pages 2 references
Simple, reliable and noise-resilient continuous-variable quantum state tomography with convex optimization
Creators: name: Strandberg, Ingrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise reconstruction of unknown quantum states from measurement data, a process commonly called quantum state tomography, is a crucial component in the development of quantum information processing technologies. Many different tomography methods have been proposed over the years. Maximum likelihood estimation is a prominent example, being the most popular method for a long period of time. Recently, more advanced neural network methods have started to emerge. Here, we go back to basics and present a method for continuous variable state reconstruction that is both conceptually and practically simple, based on convex optimization. Convex optimization has been used for process tomography and qubit state tomography, but seems to have been overlooked for continuous variable quantum state tomography. We demonstrate high-fidelity reconstruction of an underlying state from data corrupted by thermal noise and imperfect detection, for both homodyne and heterodyne measurements. A major advantage over other methods is that convex optimization algorithms are guaranteed to converge to the optimal solution.
description: Code available at https://github.com/ingstra/cvx-tomography
Semigroup models for biochemical reaction networks
Creators: name: Loutchko, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 20M35

description: The catalytic reaction system (CRS) formalism by Hordijk and Steel is a versatile method to model autocatalytic biochemical reaction networks. It is particularly suited, and has been widely used, to study self-sustainment and self-generation properties. Its distinguishing feature is the explicit assignment of a catalytic function to chemicals that are part of the system. In this work, it is shown that the subsequent and simultaneous catalytic functions gives rise to an algebraic structure of a semigroup with the additional compatible operation of idempotent addition and a partial order. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that such semigroup models are a natural setup to describe and analyze self-sustaining CRS. The basic algebraic properties of the models are established and the notion of the function of any set of chemicals on the whole CRS is made precise. This leads to a natural discrete dynamics on the network, which results from iteratively considering the self-action on a set of chemicals by its own function. The fixed points of this dynamics are proven to correspond to self-sustaining sets of chemicals, which are functionally closed. Finally, as the main application, a theorem on the maximal self-sustaining set and a structure theorem on the lattice of functionally closed self-sustaining sets of chemicals are proven.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures
Constraining the Dark Energy Equation of State with HII Galaxies
Creators: name: Chávez, Ricardo
name: Plionis, Manolis
name: Basilakos, Spyros
name: Terlevich, Roberto
name: Terlevich, Elena
name: Melnick, Jorge
name: Bresolin, Fabio
name: González-Morán, Ana Luisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the HII galaxies $L - σ$ relation and the resulting Hubble expansion cosmological probe of a sample of just 25 high-$z$ (up to $z \sim 2.33$) HII galaxies, in a joint likelihood analysis with other well tested cosmological probes (CMB, BAOs) in an attempt to constrain the dark energy equation of state (EoS). The constraints, although still weak, are in excellent agreement with those of a similar joint analysis using the well established SNIa Hubble expansion probe. Interestingly, even with the current small number of available high redshift HII galaxies, the HII/BAO/CMB joint analysis gives a 13% improvement of the quintessence dark energy cosmological constraints compared to the BAO/CMB joint analysis. We have further performed extensive Monte Carlo simulations, with a realistic redshift sampling, to explore the extent to which the use of the $L - σ$ relation, observed in HII galaxies, can constrain effectively the parameter space of the dark energy EoS. The simulations predict substantial improvement in the constraints when increasing the sample of high-$z$ HII galaxies to 500, a goal that can be achieved in reasonable observing times with existing large telescopes and state-of-the-art instrumentation.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS on 21st July 2016. 10 pages, 5 figures
Eliminating artificial boundary conditions in time-dependent density functional theory using Fourier contour deformation
Creators: name: Kaye, Jason
name: Barnett, Alex
name: Greengard, Leslie
name: De Giovannini, Umberto
name: Rubio, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present an efficient method for propagating the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations in free space, based on the recently introduced Fourier contour deformation (FCD) approach. For potentials which are constant outside a bounded domain, FCD yields a high-order accurate numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation directly in free space, without the need for artificial boundary conditions. Of the many existing artificial boundary condition schemes, FCD is most similar to an exact nonlocal transparent boundary condition, but it works directly on Cartesian grids in any dimension, and runs on top of the fast Fourier transform rather than fast algorithms for the application of nonlocal history integral operators. We adapt FCD to time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), and describe a simple algorithm to smoothly and automatically truncate long-range Coulomb-like potentials to a time-dependent constant outside of a bounded domain of interest, so that FCD can be used. This approach eliminates errors originating from the use of artificial boundary conditions, leaving only the error of the potential truncation, which is controlled and can be systematically reduced. The method enables accurate simulations of ultrastrong nonlinear electronic processes in molecular complexes in which the inteference between bound and continuum states is of paramount importance. We demonstrate results for many-electron TDDFT calculations of absorption and strong field photoelectron spectra for one and two-dimensional models, and observe a significant reduction in the size of the computational domain required to achieve high quality results, as compared with the popular method of complex absorbing potentials.
DeepSketchHair: Deep Sketch-based 3D Hair Modeling
Creators: name: Shen, Yuefan
name: Zhang, Changgeng
name: Fu, Hongbo
name: Zhou, Kun
name: Zheng, Youyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present sketchhair, a deep learning based tool for interactive modeling of 3D hair from 2D sketches. Given a 3D bust model as reference, our sketching system takes as input a user-drawn sketch (consisting of hair contour and a few strokes indicating the hair growing direction within a hair region), and automatically generates a 3D hair model, which matches the input sketch both globally and locally. The key enablers of our system are two carefully designed neural networks, namely, S2ONet, which converts an input sketch to a dense 2D hair orientation field; and O2VNet, which maps the 2D orientation field to a 3D vector field. Our system also supports hair editing with additional sketches in new views. This is enabled by another deep neural network, V2VNet, which updates the 3D vector field with respect to the new sketches. All the three networks are trained with synthetic data generated from a 3D hairstyle database. We demonstrate the effectiveness and expressiveness of our tool using a variety of hairstyles and also compare our method with prior art.