cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Evolutionary multi-criteria optimization for building layout planning: Exemplary application based on the PSSA framework
Creators: name: König, Reinhard
name: Standfest, Matthias
name: Schmitt, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Architektur
subject: 000

description: When working on urban planning projects there are usually multiple aspects to consider. Often these aspects are contradictory and it is not possible to choose one over the other; instead, they each need to be fulfilled as well as possible. Planners typically draw on past experience when subjectively prioritising which aspects to consider with which degree of importance for their planning concepts. This practice, although understandable, places power and authority in the hands of people who have varying degrees of expertise, which means that the best possible solution is not always found, because it is either not sought or the problem is regarded as being too complex for human capabilities. To improve this situation, the project presented here shows the potential of multi-criteria optimisation algorithms using the example of a new housing layout for an urban block. In addition it is shown, how Self-Organizing-Maps can be used to visualise multi-dimensional solution spaces in an easy analysable and comprehensible form.
Signal and receiver design for high density digital magnetic tape recording
Creators: name: Wood, Roger William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis is concerned primarily with the improvement of data packing densities on magnetic tape. The concept of the 'magnetic recording channel' translates the thesis objectives into a concern for the maximization of channel data rate and minimization of error rate. A relatively comprehensive review provides background and indicates the present state of understanding for both magnetic recording and conventional communication channels. A helical-scan video-tape transport was selected as the vehicle for implementation and testing of signal and playback receiver designs. The recording channel was characterized by its response to balanced two-level record waveforms. The channel appeared approximately linear but was perturbed by moderate levels (-20dB) of additive noise as well as nonlinear behaviour. More serious degradations resulted from multiplicative noise (fading) manifest as extended (0.1 mm) regions of reduced playback level (dropouts). A prototype high-density recording system was constructed using non-return-to-zero signalling at 20 Mbit/s or 1.1 Mbit/m. The playback receiver comprised a fixed pre-filter followed by an adaptive seven-tap transversal, filter. System performance, measured in terms of 'burst' and 'isolated' error rates, was investigated as a function of various parameters including signal record level, equalizer complexity, and head-preamplifier coupling. Error control is essential in many applications and higher-order error statistics were-compiled in order to estimate the efficacy of error correction techniques. In particular, erasure detection and interleaved block coding proved to be useful techniques. The application of decision feedback was found to provide only marginal improvements in performance. However, decision feedback was shown to provide a useful method of correcting the d.c. channel null. Concluding remarks indicate the relevance of this work to narrower track systems and suggest likely emphases for future work.
Additional file 2 of Inspiring the future generation of oncologists: a UK-wide study of medical students’ views towards oncology
Creators: name: Rallis, Kathrine S.
name: Wozniak, Anna Maria
name: Hui, Sara
name: Nicolaides, Marios
name: Shah, Neha
name: Subba, Beena
name: Papalois, Apostolos
name: Sideris, Michail
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Appendix 2. Pre-conference questionnaire.
ALFABETIZAÇÃO E LETRAMENTO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE OS IMPACTOS NA VIDA ESCOLAR DOS ALUNOS (PÓS-PANDEMIA)
Creators: name: Jéssica Oliveira Borges VELOSO
name: Francisca da Silva FEITOSA
name: Maria José de PINHO
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Alfabetização
Letramento
Pandemia
Impactos
Estudos

description: RESUMO

O Brasil nos últimos dois anos vivenciou uma pandemia com a propagação de um novo

tipo de Corona vírus, o SARS-CoV-2, causador da infecção respiratória Covid-19. Diante disso, a problemática desta pesquisa visa compreender quais os desafios encontrados pelos professores no cenário pós-pandêmico. Seu objetivo geral é apresentar um estudo sobre os impactos ocasionados pela pandemia no processo de alfabetização e letramento dos alunos. Como objetivos específicos (I) Conceituar alfabetização e letramento; (II) Compreender o que foi a pandemia do Covid 19; (III) Apresentar os desafios encontrados pelos professores durante a pandemia; (IV) Identificar os impactos evidenciados na vida escolar das crianças no retorno das aulas presenciais. A  

investigação pretendida é de cunho bibliográfico e documental, com suporte de pesquisas e artigos selecionados aleatoriamente, por meio de livros e artigos científicos publicados em periódicos, assim como na biblioteca virtual da Unitins. Como embasamento teórico, foram utilizados os autores: Tfouni (1998), Soares (2017) Morais (2007), Kleiman (1995), Rangel (2020), Sampaio (2020), Consoante (2020),

Falsarella (2004), Santos (2020), Colello (2021) e Freitas (2021); entre outros teóricos. Entender o impacto de uma pandemia no processo educacional é essencial aos docentes que já atuam e aos futuros profissionais da educação, bem como à criação de novas políticas de educação.
title: Assessment of Future Streamflow in the Colorado River Basin With Some Implications for Water Management
Creators: name: Salehabadi, Homa
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2024

description: Long-range water supply planning in many river basins, such as the Colorado, requires assessing plausible future streamflow scenarios. Given nature's randomness and climate change, it is important to evaluate water resources system behavior under a wide range of plausible conditions. The research described in this dissertation examined various future streamflow scenarios in the Colorado River Basin to provide essential inputs needed for planning in the uncertain future. First, the research examined historical severe droughts in the basin and created three sets, or ensembles, of plausible future streamflow time series by resampling these past droughts. These ensembles are thus consistent with the idea that if it has happened in the past, it can happen again and should be planned for. These drought ensembles serve as plausible stress tests to support system simulations and test various operation and management strategies. These ensembles added to many existing ensembles produced by others for planning in the Colorado River Basin. Second, a broad range of metrics was assembled to assess the existing ensembles and classify them. These metrics help decide if a streamflow ensemble is suitable for specific planning purposes. Third, the research developed storylines of plausible future hydrologic conditions in the basin and then identified the most representative ensembles for each storyline. Since no matching ensemble was found for one of the defined storylines, a new streamflow ensemble was generated to fill this gap. The findings of this research could help inform choices on adequate ensembles for various planning purposes. Although the study focused on the Colorado River Basin, the methods are general and can be applied in other areas.
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Raman, Venkatesh
name: Suresh, S. P.
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 29, 34th International Conference on Foundation of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2014), pages i-xiv
Local supersymmetry and the square roots of Bondi-Metzner-Sachs supertranslations
Creators: name: Fuentealba, Oscar
name: Henneaux, Marc
name: Majumdar, Sucheta
name: Matulich, Javier
name: Neogi, Turmoli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Super-BMS$_4$ algebras -- also called BMS$_4$ superalgebras -- are graded extensions of the BMS$_4$ algebra. They can be of two different types: they can contain either a finite number or an infinite number of fermionic generators. We show in this letter that, with suitable boundary conditions on the graviton and gravitino fields at spatial infinity, supergravity on asymptotically flat spaces possesses as superalgebra of asymptotic symmetries a (nonlinear) super-BMS$_4$ algebra containing an infinite number of fermionic generators, which we denote SBMS$_4$. These boundary conditions are not only invariant under SBMS$_4$, but also lead to a fully consistent canonical description of the supersymmetries, which have in particular well-defined Hamiltonian generators that close according to the nonlinear SBMS$_4$ algebra. One finds in particular that the graded brackets between the fermionic generators yield all the BMS$_4$ supertranslations, of which they provide therefore "square roots".
description: 7 pages, no figures
Deep learning-based statistical noise reduction for multidimensional spectral data
Creators: name: Kim, Younsik
name: Oh, Dongjin
name: Huh, Soonsang
name: Song, Dongjoon
name: Jeong, Sunbeom
name: Kwon, Junyoung
name: Kim, Minsoo
name: Kim, Donghan
name: Ryu, Hanyoung
name: Jung, Jongkeun
name: Kyung, Wonshik
name: Sohn, Byungmin
name: Lee, Suyoung
name: Hyun, Jounghoon
name: Lee, Yeonghoon
name: Kim, Yeongkwan Kimand Changyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spectroscopic experiments, data acquisition in multi-dimensional phase space may require long acquisition time, owing to the large phase space volume to be covered. In such case, the limited time available for data acquisition can be a serious constraint for experiments in which multidimensional spectral data are acquired. Here, taking angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) as an example, we demonstrate a denoising method that utilizes deep learning as an intelligent way to overcome the constraint. With readily available ARPES data and random generation of training data set, we successfully trained the denoising neural network without overfitting. The denoising neural network can remove the noise in the data while preserving its intrinsic information. We show that the denoising neural network allows us to perform similar level of second-derivative and line shape analysis on data taken with two orders of magnitude less acquisition time. The importance of our method lies in its applicability to any multidimensional spectral data that are susceptible to statistical noise.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
SPIN Road Mapper: Extracting Roads from Aerial Images via Spatial and Interaction Space Graph Reasoning for Autonomous Driving
Creators: name: Bandara, Wele Gedara Chaminda
name: Valanarasu, Jeya Maria Jose
name: Patel, Vishal M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Road extraction is an essential step in building autonomous navigation systems. Detecting road segments is challenging as they are of varying widths, bifurcated throughout the image, and are often occluded by terrain, cloud, or other weather conditions. Using just convolution neural networks (ConvNets) for this problem is not effective as it is inefficient at capturing distant dependencies between road segments in the image which is essential to extract road connectivity. To this end, we propose a Spatial and Interaction Space Graph Reasoning (SPIN) module which when plugged into a ConvNet performs reasoning over graphs constructed on spatial and interaction spaces projected from the feature maps. Reasoning over spatial space extracts dependencies between different spatial regions and other contextual information. Reasoning over a projected interaction space helps in appropriate delineation of roads from other topographies present in the image. Thus, SPIN extracts long-range dependencies between road segments and effectively delineates roads from other semantics. We also introduce a SPIN pyramid which performs SPIN graph reasoning across multiple scales to extract multi-scale features. We propose a network based on stacked hourglass modules and SPIN pyramid for road segmentation which achieves better performance compared to existing methods. Moreover, our method is computationally efficient and significantly boosts the convergence speed during training, making it feasible for applying on large-scale high-resolution aerial images. Code available at: https://github.com/wgcban/SPIN_RoadMapper.git.
description: Code available at: https://github.com/wgcban/SPIN_RoadMapper.git
Coastal recreation analysis and forecasts
Creators: name: Fairhurst, Kenneth Barton
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Coastal recreation activity has broad appeal. Recreation sites near urban areas will receive increasing use as populations grow and as long-distance travel costs increase. Knowledge of the clientele at the coastal recreation site and their activity will assist day-to-day management decisions and future planning considerations for this important resource. The objectives of the study were to describe the recreation site visitors and their use of three comparable sites; to determine visitor characteristics which affect and explain their activity; and to forecast daily use for future years. Population size, site attractiveness, and site accessibility are, among the factors examined, the more important factors affecting the number of visits from a population area to a recreation site. Drawing from the above conclusions in the literature, it was considered in this study that the inclusion of 'social group' characteristics of the population should improve the explanation of recreation site use. The descriptive study found significant, though small, differences amongst visitors of the three study sites and their use of the sites. Families were the predominant social group at all sites; more visitors choose the site for its closeness than for any other reason. Using analysis of variance, the intensity of the visit was differentiated by both 'personal' and 'social group' characteristics, increasing most with greater distance travelled and larger on-site group size.. Actual differences found were not large. Employing multiple regression analysis, the frequency and intensity of visits were only poorly explained by knowledge of 'personal' and 'social grou'1 variables. 'Personal' variables signficantly improved the explanation of variance in number of activities pursued; frequency of visits was explained mostly by the 'personal' variable of travel distance, though still poorly. The lack of large differences amongst vistors at the coastal sites suggests the general appeal of this outdoor activity. Forecasts of the number of daily visits at Centennial Beach utilized visitor origin information and daily site use estimations from the traffic survey. Growth is forecast to increase, with varying assumptions, from 8% to 13% by the year 1981 and from 16% to 27% by the year 1986. Population change in origin areas under 20 miles from the site will have the greatest influence on site use. With people under 25 years of age the 'heavy' user category at the sites, change in the proportion of this age class in the origin area population will have a greater effect on site use than overall population growth.
Additional file 1 of Inspiring the future generation of oncologists: a UK-wide study of medical students’ views towards oncology
Creators: name: Rallis, Kathrine S.
name: Wozniak, Anna Maria
name: Hui, Sara
name: Nicolaides, Marios
name: Shah, Neha
name: Subba, Beena
name: Papalois, Apostolos
name: Sideris, Michail
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Appendix 1. National survey.
Additional file 3 of Inspiring the future generation of oncologists: a UK-wide study of medical students’ views towards oncology
Creators: name: Rallis, Kathrine S.
name: Wozniak, Anna Maria
name: Hui, Sara
name: Nicolaides, Marios
name: Shah, Neha
name: Subba, Beena
name: Papalois, Apostolos
name: Sideris, Michail
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Appendix 3. Post-conference questionnaire.
Passive Beamforming Design for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted MIMO Systems
Creators: name: Feng, Chenghao
name: Shen, Wenqian
name: Gao, Xinyu
name: An, Jianping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) constitute passive devices, which are capable of adjusting the phase shifts of their reflected signals, and hence they are suitable for passive beamforming. In this paper, we conceive their design with the active beamforming action of multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) systems used at the access points (APs) for improving the beamforming gain, where both the APs and users are equipped with multiple antennas. Firstly, we decouple the optimization problem and design the active beamforming for a given IRS configuration. Then we transform the optimization problem of the IRS-based passive beamforming design into a tractable non-convex quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP). For solving the transformed problem, we give an approximate solution based on the technique of widely used semidefinite relaxation (SDR). We also propose a low-complexity iterative solution. We further prove that it can converge to a locally optimal value. Finally, considering the practical scenario of discrete phase shifts at the IRS, we give the quantization design for IRS elements on basis of the two solutions. Our simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed solutions over the relevant benchmarks.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Machine-Learning Non-Conservative Dynamics for New-Physics Detection
Creators: name: Liu, Ziming
name: Wang, Bohan
name: Meng, Qi
name: Chen, Wei
name: Tegmark, Max
name: Liu, Tie-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy conservation is a basic physics principle, the breakdown of which often implies new physics. This paper presents a method for data-driven "new physics" discovery. Specifically, given a trajectory governed by unknown forces, our Neural New-Physics Detector (NNPhD) aims to detect new physics by decomposing the force field into conservative and non-conservative components, which are represented by a Lagrangian Neural Network (LNN) and a universal approximator network (UAN), respectively, trained to minimize the force recovery error plus a constant $λ$ times the magnitude of the predicted non-conservative force. We show that a phase transition occurs at $λ$=1, universally for arbitrary forces. We demonstrate that NNPhD successfully discovers new physics in toy numerical experiments, rediscovering friction (1493) from a damped double pendulum, Neptune from Uranus' orbit (1846) and gravitational waves (2017) from an inspiraling orbit. We also show how NNPhD coupled with an integrator outperforms previous methods for predicting the future of a damped double pendulum.
description: 17 pages, 7 figs, 2 tables; typo correction
Additional file 4 of Inspiring the future generation of oncologists: a UK-wide study of medical students’ views towards oncology
Creators: name: Rallis, Kathrine S.
name: Wozniak, Anna Maria
name: Hui, Sara
name: Nicolaides, Marios
name: Shah, Neha
name: Subba, Beena
name: Papalois, Apostolos
name: Sideris, Michail
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Appendix 4. Ethical approval.
The theory of relativity and the Pythagorean theorem
Creators: name: Okun, L. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the most important effects of special and general theory of relativity can be understood in a simple and straightforward way. The system of units in which the speed of light $c$ is the unit of velocity allows to cast all formulas in a very simple form.The Pythagorean theorem graphically relates energy, momentum and mass. The paper is addressed to those who teach and popularize the theory of relativity.
description: 19
Optimizing the economic dispatch of weakly-connected mini-grids under uncertainty using joint chance constraints
Creators: name: Ouanes, Nesrine
name: González Grandón, Tatjana
name: Heitsch, Holger
name: Henrion, René
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Joint chance constraints
subject: mini-grid operation
subject: unreliable main grid
subject: stochastic forecasting errors
subject: spherical radial decomposition
subject: 90B06
subject: 90B25
subject: 90C15

description: In this paper, we deal with a renewable-powered mini-grid, connected to an unreliable main grid, in a Joint Chance Constrained (JCC) programming setting. In several rural areas in Africa with low energy access rates, grid-connected mini-grid system operators contend with four different types of uncertainties: forecasting errors of solar power and load; frequency and outages duration from the main-grid. These uncertainties pose new challenges to the classical power system's operation tasks. Three alternatives to the JCC problem are presented. In particular, we present an Individual Chance Constraint (ICC), Expected-Value Model (EVM) and a so called regular model that ignores outages and forecasting uncertainties. The JCC model has the capability to guarantee a high probability of meeting the local demand throughout an outage event by keeping appropriate reserves for Diesel generation and battery discharge. In contrast, the easier to handle ICC model guarantees such probability only individually for different time steps, resulting in a much less robust dispatch. The even simpler EVM focuses solely on average values of random variables. We illustrate the four models through a comparison of outcomes attained from a real mini-grid in Lake Victoria, Tanzania. The results show the dispatch modifications for battery and Diesel reserve planning, with the JCC model providing the most robust results, albeit with a small increase in costs.
Additional file 5 of Inspiring the future generation of oncologists: a UK-wide study of medical students’ views towards oncology
Creators: name: Rallis, Kathrine S.
name: Wozniak, Anna Maria
name: Hui, Sara
name: Nicolaides, Marios
name: Shah, Neha
name: Subba, Beena
name: Papalois, Apostolos
name: Sideris, Michail
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. Supplementary Tables.
On improving NLO merging for $t \bar t W$ production
Creators: name: Frederix, Rikkert
name: Tsinikos, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an improvement to the FxFx matrix element merging procedure for $pp\to t \bar t W$ production at NLO in QCD with one and/or two additional jets. The main modification is an improved treatment of jets that are not logarithmically enhanced in the low transverse-momentum regime. We provide predictions for the inclusive cross section and the $t \bar t W$ differential distributions including parton-shower effects. Taking also the NLO EW corrections into account, this results in the most-accurate predictions for this process to date. We further proceed to include the on-shell LO decays of the $t \bar t W$ including the tree-level spin correlations within the narrow-width approximation, focusing on the multi-lepton signatures studied at the LHC. We find a $\sim\!\!30\%$ increase over the NLO QCD prediction and large non-flat $K$-factors to differential distributions.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
Numerical evolution of the center of mass and angular momentum for binaries black holes
Creators: name: Tassone, Emmanuel A.
name: Mandrilli, Paula A.
name: Kozameh, Carlos N.
name: Quiroga, Gonzalo D.
name: Nieva, José I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The asymptotic approach derived by Kozameh-Quiroga (K-Q) provides a modern framework to obtain the evolution of global variables of isolated sources of gravitational radiation. We test the K-Q formalism evolving the equations of motion for the center of mass, the intrinsic angular momentum, and several other global variables, for black hole binary coalescence. First we evolve the equations of motion using 777 simulations from the RIT catalogue numerical data of $ψ_4$ [J. Healy and C.O. Lousto, Third RIT binary black hole simulations catalog, Phys. Rev. D 102, 104018 (2020).]. We then analyze the trajectory of the center of mass and compute the final state of other physical variables after the coalescence has taken place. Finally, we show the results obtained from our equations of motion are consistent with those in the Rochester metadata.
description: Pages: 12. Figures:22
Tirannide e resistenza in Bartolo da Sassoferrato
Creators: name: Moroni, Enrico
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo"
Year: 2014

description: [Tyranny and Resistance in Bartolus de Saxoferrato] Following the debate on the figure of the tyrant in ancient and medieval thought (Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Thomas Aquinas), the author argues that the doctrine of Bartolus de Saxoferrato is regarded as a testimony on legal certainty and the classification of forms of illegal power as well as an instrument for its removal. Bartolus was the very first jurist to do research on the requirements of power which must be based not only on a legal title and on legitimate investiture, but must also be exercised within the limits of the law. Bartolus introduces the concept of the right of resistance which will undergo significant development in modern age.

description: Cultura giuridica e diritto vivente, Vol 1 (2014)
Compressing gradients by exploiting temporal correlation in momentum-SGD
Creators: name: Adikari, Tharindu B.
name: Draper, Stark C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An increasing bottleneck in decentralized optimization is communication. Bigger models and growing datasets mean that decentralization of computation is important and that the amount of information exchanged is quickly growing. While compression techniques have been introduced to cope with the latter, none has considered leveraging the temporal correlations that exist in consecutive vector updates. An important example is distributed momentum-SGD where temporal correlation is enhanced by the low-pass-filtering effect of applying momentum. In this paper we design and analyze compression methods that exploit temporal correlation in systems both with and without error-feedback. Experiments with the ImageNet dataset demonstrate that our proposed methods offer significant reduction in the rate of communication at only a negligible increase in computation complexity. We further analyze the convergence of SGD when compression is applied with error-feedback. In the literature, convergence guarantees are developed only for compressors that provide error-bounds point-wise, i.e., for each input to the compressor. In contrast, many important codes (e.g. rate-distortion codes) provide error-bounds only in expectation and thus provide a more general guarantee. In this paper we prove the convergence of SGD under an expected error assumption by establishing a bound for the minimum gradient norm.
description: This paper was presented in part at the 11th International Symposium on Topics in Coding (ISTC), Montreal, QC, Canada, August 2021, and the paper has been accepted for publication in the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory (JSAIT) Volume 2, Issue 3 (2021), https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9511618
title: Spiel-Räume – demokratisch basierte Landesplanung in Mitteldeutschland zwischen 1923 und 1932 sowie 1990 und 2000: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte und Theorie strategischer, nicht-linearer Planung
Creators: name: Kegler, Harald
Publisher: name: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Landesplanung
subject: Regionalplanung
subject: 710

description: Die Arbeit behandelt die Geschichte der Landesplanung in Mitteldeutschland und besteht aus zwei Teilen: den Zeiträumen der 1920 und 1990 Jahre. Dabei wird die Herausbildung der Landesplanung im mitteldeutschen Industriegebiet (um Merseburg) bzw. Thüringen behandelt. Die kognitiven, institutionellen und planerischen Grundlagen der Landesplanung werden herausgearbeitet. Dabei spielen die paradigmatischen Grundlagen (Dezentralisierung) sowie die internationalen Beziehungen (insbes. zu den USA) eine besondere Rolle. Schließlich werden das Wirken von Schlüsselpersonen (u.a. Prager, Luthardt, Langen) und die Bezüge zum Bauhaus untersucht. Die Analyse des Planwerks für Mitteldeutschland (1932) wird umfassend geführt. In der Analyse der Entstehung können erste Ansätze nicht-linearer Planung herausgearbeitet werden. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit widmet sich dem Industriellen Gartenreich, einem Projekt der Stiftung Bauhaus Dessau, das als Korrespondenzregion zur EXPO anerkannt worden war. Hier stehen das Gesamtkonzept, aber auch Projekte wie Ferropolis im Zentrum der Betrachtung. Die Analysen der Landesplanung werden in ihren Bezügen zur gesellschaftlichen und konkret wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung behandelt. Schließlich werden beide Entwicklungsphasen und deren landesplanerischen Resultate übergreifend bewertet und in einem Modell emergent-adaptiver Planung verortet und ein Ausblick auf die Entwicklung der Landesplanung als nicht-lineare Planung gegeben.
Additional file 1 of A novel recessive PDZD7 bi-allelic mutation in an Iranian family with non-syndromic hearing loss
Creators: name: Fahimi, Hossein
name: Behroozi, Samira
name: Noavar, Sadaf
name: Parvini, Farshid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. The list of analyzed genes involved in Hearing impairment.
Additional file 1 of Maternity waiting homes as component of birth preparedness and complication readiness for rural women in hard-to-reach areas in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Gurara, Mekdes Kondale
name: Geertruyden, Jean-Pierre Van
name: Befikadu Tariku Gutema
name: Draulans, Veerle
name: Jacquemyn, Yves
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Survey Questionnaire. Survey questionnaire we used to collect information from the study participants.
Improving Test Automation Maturity: a Multivocal Literature Review
Creators: name: Wang, Yuqing
name: Mäntylä, Mika V.
name: Liu, Zihao
name: Markkula, Jouni
name: Raulamo-jurvanen, Päivi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mature test automation is key for achieving software quality at speed. In this paper, we present a multivocal literature review with the objective to survey and synthesize the guidelines given in the literature for improving test automation maturity. We selected and reviewed 81 primary studies, consisting of 26 academic literature and 55 grey literature sources. From primary studies, we extracted 26 test automation best practices (e.g., Define an effective test automation strategy, Set up good test environments, Develop high-quality test scripts) and collected many pieces of advice (e.g., in forms of implementation/improvement approaches, technical techniques, concepts, experience-based heuristics) on how to conduct these best practices. We made main observations: (1) There are only 6 best practices whose positive effect on maturity improvement have been evaluated by academic studies using formal empirical methods; (2) Several technical related best practices in this MLR were not presented in test maturity models; (3) Some best practices can be linked to success factors and maturity impediments proposed by other scholars; (4) Most pieces of advice on how to conduct proposed best practices were identified from experience studies and their effectiveness need to be further evaluated with cross-site empirical evidence using formal empirical methods; (5) In the literature, some advice on how to conduct certain best practices are conflicting, and some advice on how to conduct certain best practices still need further qualitative analysis.
description: Journal of Software: Testing, Verification and Reliability (2022)
Ultra-Wideband, Multi-epoch Radio Study of the First Discovered `Main sequence Radio Pulse emitter' CU Vir
Creators: name: Das, Barnali
name: Chandra, Poonam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Presence of large-scale surface magnetic field in early-type stars leads to several unique electromagnetic phenomena producing radiation over X-ray to radio bands. Among them, the rarest type of emission is electron cyclotron maser emission (ECME) observed as periodic, circularly polarized radio pulses. The phenomenon was first discovered in the hot magnetic star CU Vir. Past observations of this star led to the consensus that the star produces only right circularly polarized ECME, suggesting that only one magnetic hemisphere takes part in the phenomenon. Here we present the first ultra-wideband (0.4$-$4 GHz) study of this star using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio telescope and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, which led to the surprising discovery of ECME of both circular polarizations up to around 1.5 GHz. The GHz observations also allowed us to infer that the upper ECME cut-off frequency is at $\gtrsim 5\,\mathrm{GHz}$. The sub-GHz observation led to the unexpected observation of more than two pairs of ECME pulses per rotation cycle. In addition, we report the discovery of a `giant pulse', and transient enhancements, which are potentially the first observational evidence of `centrifugal breakout' of plasma from the innermost part of the stellar magnetosphere. The stark contrast between the star's behavior at GHz and sub-GHz frequencies could either be due to propagation effects, a manifestation of varying magnetic field topology as a function of height, or a signature of an additional `ECME engine'.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Aspects of the ecology of black and grizzly bears in coastal British Columbia
Creators: name: Lloyd, Kevin Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study was conducted to identify aspects of the ecology of the grizzly bear (Ursus aretos) and black bear (Orsus americanus) in coastal British Columbia for both research and management purposes. Information on the feeding ecology and habitat use of black and grizzly bears was collected during field studies conducted in 1976 and 1977. Trails were cut into the study area and systematically travelled to collect scats and other sign. Bears were trapped and subsequently monitored with telemetry. The study of black and grizzly bear movements was constrained by the logistic difficulties of the coast. Five grizzlies were located a total of 36 times and four black bears a total of 42 times. Extensive overlap in the use of space occurred. Movement between watersheds in coastal British Columbia occurs, but the extent of travel is unknown. Marking behaviour of bears on trees and on the ground was described. No reliable method was found to distinguish individual bears from other bears using their tracks. Two criteria were found which separate the tracks of grizzlies from those of black bears. The toes in grizzly tracks are either very close together or joined, whereas the toes in black bear tracks are separate. A less reliable criteria is that the fifth toe in a grizzly track does not register below the midline of the other four toes, whereas in a black bear it does.. Scats collected from May through September averaged 88 percent vegetable matter and 12 percent salmon (Qncorhynchus sp.) and insects. The bears in the study area consumed 21 different recognizable foods. The bulk of the diet came from eight of these foods: sedge (Carex sp.), ladyfern (Athyrium filix-femina), spiny wood fern (Dryopteris austriaca), huckleberry (Vaccinium sp.), salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis), devil's club (Oglopanax horridum), insects, and salmon. The spring and early summer diet consisted of sedge, herbs and ferns, and the current year growth of shrubs. Fruits and salmon were used extensively in August and September. As the green bear foods mature, the levels of crude protein, crude fat, soluble carbohydrates, and moisture content decreased, while crude fibre increased and gross energy and total ash remained constant.. For salmonberry, devil's club, and huckleberry, the fibre:protein ratio was lower in the part of the plant which the animal consumed than in that which it did not consume. As the berries matured, the levels of crude protein and crude fibre decreased, and the levels of crude fat, soluble carbohydrate, and moisture content increased. A simple model was presented which discusses the energetic importance of salmon and berries to the coastal grizzly bear. The vegetation in the study area was grouped into types and the bear foods in these types were described. The implications of the results of this study to the future management of bears on the coast of British Columbia were discussed.
Similarity law and critical properties in ionic systems
Creators: name: Desgranges, Caroline
name: Delhommelle, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using molecular simulations, we determine the locus of ideal compressibility, or Zeno line, for a series of ionic compounds. We find that the shape of this thermodynamic contour follows a linear law, leading to the determination of the Boyle parameters. We also show that a similarity law, based on the Boyle parameters, yields accurate critical data when compared to the experiment. Furthermore, we show that the Boyle density scales linearly with the size-asymmetry, providing a direct route to establish a correspondence between the thermodynamic properties of different ionic compounds.
Additional file 2 of Maternity waiting homes as component of birth preparedness and complication readiness for rural women in hard-to-reach areas in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Gurara, Mekdes Kondale
name: Geertruyden, Jean-Pierre Van
name: Befikadu Tariku Gutema
name: Draulans, Veerle
name: Jacquemyn, Yves
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Focus Group Discussion Guides. The FGD guide we was used to guide the discussions with MWHs users and non-users.
Coupling two laser-cooled ions via a room-temperature conductor
Creators: name: An, Da
name: Alonso, Alberto M.
name: Matthiesen, Clemens
name: Häffner, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate coupling between the motions of two independently trapped ions with a separation distance of 620 $μ$m. The ion-ion interaction is enhanced via a room-temperature electrically floating metallic wire which connects two surface traps. Tuning the motion of both ions into resonance, we show flow of energy with a coupling rate of 11 Hz. Quantum-coherent coupling is hindered by strong surface electric-field noise in our device. Our ion wire-ion system demonstrates that room-temperature conductors can be used to mediate and tune interactions between independently trapped charges over distances beyond those achievable with free-space dipole-dipole coupling. This technology may be used to sympathetically cool or entangle remotely trapped charges and enable coupling between disparate physical systems.
Vacuum Stress and Closed Paths in Rectangles, Pistons, and Pistols
Creators: name: Fulling, S. A.
name: Kaplan, L.
name: Kirsten, K.
name: Liu, Z. H.
name: Milton, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rectangular cavities are solvable models that nevertheless touch on many of the controversial or mysterious aspects of the vacuum energy of quantum fields. This paper is a thorough study of the two-dimensional scalar field in a rectangle by the method of images, or closed classical (or optical) paths, which is exact in this case. For each point r and each specularly reflecting path beginning and ending at r, we provide formulas for all components of the stress tensor T_{μν}(r), for all values of the curvature coupling constant ξand all values of an ultraviolet cutoff parameter. Arbitrary combinations of Dirichlet and Neumann conditions on the four sides can be treated. The total energy is also investigated, path by path. These results are used in an attempt to clarify the physical reality of the repulsive (outward) force on the sides of the box predicted by calculations that neglect both boundary divergences and the exterior of the box. Previous authors have studied "piston" geometries that avoid these problems and have found the force to be attractive. We consider a "pistol" geometry that comes closer to the original problem of a box with a movable lid. We find again an attractive force, although its origin and detailed behavior are somewhat different from the piston case. However, the pistol (and the piston) model can be criticized for extending idealized boundary conditions into short distances where they are physically implausible. Therefore, it is of interest to see whether leaving the ultraviolet cutoff finite yields results that are more plausible. We then find that the force depends strongly on a geometrical parameter; it can be made repulsive, but only by forcing that parameter into the regime where the model is least convincing physically.
description: 45 pages, 12 figures. V.2 has minor clarifications, additions, and corrections; v.3 has still more reformulations of conclusions, and updated references
Additional file 1 of The importance of supplementary immunisation activities to prevent measles outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya
Creators: name: C. N. Mburu
name: J. Ojal
name: R. Chebet
name: D. Akech
name: B. Karia
name: J. Tuju
name: A. Sigilai
name: K. Abbas
name: M. Jit
name: S. Funk
name: G. Smits
name: P. G. M. Van Gageldonk
name: F. R. M. Van Der Klis
name: C. Tabu
name: D. J. Nokes
name: JAG Scott
name: S. Flasche
name: IMO Adetifa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Serological data used in the analysis.
Additional file 2 of The importance of supplementary immunisation activities to prevent measles outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya
Creators: name: C. N. Mburu
name: J. Ojal
name: R. Chebet
name: D. Akech
name: B. Karia
name: J. Tuju
name: A. Sigilai
name: K. Abbas
name: M. Jit
name: S. Funk
name: G. Smits
name: P. G. M. Van Gageldonk
name: F. R. M. Van Der Klis
name: C. Tabu
name: D. J. Nokes
name: JAG Scott
name: S. Flasche
name: IMO Adetifa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Age stratified population immunity profiles for age-adjusted immunity.