cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On von Neumann and Bell theorems applied to quantumness tests
Creators: name: Alicki, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The issues, raised in arXiv:0809.011, concerning the relevance of the von Neumann theorem for the single-system's quantumness test proposed in arXiv:0704.1962 and performed for the case of single photon polarization in arXiv:0804.1646, and the usefulness of Bell's inequality for testing the idea of macroscopic quantum systems are discussed in some details. Finally, the proper quantum mechanical description of the experiment with polarized photon beams is presented.
description: 6 pages, no figures
A randomised controlled trial of a mindfulness intervention for men with advanced prostate cancer
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Prostate cancer
Randomised controlled trial (RCT)
Supportive care
Mental health
Psychological distress
Quality of life
Health outcomes

description: Background: Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer in developed countries, and in Australia approximately one-fifth of men with prostate cancer have advanced disease. By comparison to men with localised prostate cancer, men with advanced disease report higher levels of psychological distress; poorer quality of life; and have an increased risk of suicide. To date no psychological intervention research specifically targeting men with advanced prostate cancer has been reported. In this paper we present the protocol of a current randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a professionally-led mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) group intervention to improve psychological well-being in men with advanced prostate cancer.Methods/design: Ninety-five men per condition (190 men in total) will be recruited through clinicians in the Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group and in major treatment centres in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. Patients are randomised to: (1) tele-based MBCT intervention or (2) patient education. A series of previously validated and reliable self-report measures will be administered to men at four time points: baseline/recruitment, and at 3, 6, and 9 months after recruitment and intervention commencement. Engagement with the principles of mindfulness and adherence to practice will be included as potential mediators of intervention effect. Primary outcomes are anxiety, depression and cancer-specific distress. Secondary outcomes are health-related quality of life (QoL) and benefit finding. Disease variables (e.g. cancer grade, stage) will be assessed through medical records.Discussion: This study will address a critical but as yet unanswered research question: to identify an effective way to reduce psychological distress; and improve the quality of life for men with advanced prostate cancer.Trial registration: http://ACTRN12612000306819. © 2013 Chambers et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Controlling manifold covers of orbifolds
Creators: name: McReynolds, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article we prove a generalization of Selberg's lemma on the existence of torsion free, finite index subgroups of arithmetic groups. Some of the geometric applications are the resolution a conjecture of Nimershiem and answers to questions of Long-Reid and the author.
Domain Adaptation of low-resource Target-Domain models using well-trained ASR Conformer Models
Creators: name: Sukhadia, Vrunda N.
name: Umesh, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate domain adaptation for low-resource Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) of target-domain data, when a well-trained ASR model trained with a large dataset is available. We argue that in the encoder-decoder framework, the decoder of the well-trained ASR model is largely tuned towards the source-domain, hurting the performance of target-domain models in vanilla transfer-learning. On the other hand, the encoder layers of the well-trained ASR model mostly capture the acoustic characteristics. We, therefore, propose to use the embeddings tapped from these encoder layers as features for a downstream Conformer target-domain model and show that they provide significant improvements. We do ablation studies on which encoder layer is optimal to tap the embeddings, as well as the effect of freezing or updating the well-trained ASR model's encoder layers. We further show that applying Spectral Augmentation (SpecAug) on the proposed features (this is in addition to default SpecAug on input spectral features) provides a further improvement on the target-domain performance. For the LibriSpeech-100-clean data as target-domain and SPGI-5000 as a well-trained model, we get 30% relative improvement over baseline. Similarly, with WSJ data as target-domain and LibriSpeech-960 as a well-trained model, we get 50% relative improvement over baseline.
description: 5 pages,2 figures
The Distance and Dynamical History of the Virgo Cluster Ultradiffuse Galaxy VCC 615
Creators: name: Mihos, J. Christopher
name: Durrell, Patrick R.
name: Toloba, Elisa
name: Côté, Patrick
name: Ferrarese, Laura
name: Guhathakurta, Puragra
name: Lim, Sungsoon
name: Peng, Eric W.
name: Sales, Laura V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging to derive a distance to the Virgo Cluster ultradiffuse galaxy (UDG) VCC 615 using the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) distance estimator. We detect 5,023 stars within the galaxy, down to a 50% completeness limit of F814W = 28.0, using counts in the surrounding field to correct for contamination due to background sources and Virgo intracluster stars. We derive an extinction-corrected F814W tip magnitude of $m_{\rm tip,0} = 27.19^{+0.07}_{-0.05}$, yielding a distance of $d=17.7^{+0.6}_{-0.4}$ Mpc. This places VCC 615 on the far side of the Virgo Cluster ($d_{\rm Virgo} = 16.5 Mpc$), at a Virgocentric distance of 1.3 Mpc and near the virial radius of the main body of Virgo. Coupling this distance with the galaxy's observed radial velocity, we find that VCC 615 is on an outbound trajectory, having survived a recent passage through the inner parts of the cluster. Indeed, our orbit modeling gives a 50% chance the galaxy passed inside the Virgo core (r<620 kpc) within the past Gyr, although very close passages directly through the cluster center (r<200 kpc) are unlikely. Given VCC 615's undisturbed morphology, we argue that the galaxy has experienced no recent and sudden transformation into a UDG due to the cluster potential, but rather is a long-lived UDG whose relatively wide orbit and large dynamical mass protect it from stripping and destruction by Virgo cluster tides. Finally, we also describe the serendipitous discovery of a nearby Virgo dwarf galaxy projected 90 arcseconds (7.2 kpc) away from VCC 615.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
title: Wir können es, aber sollen wir es auch? – Ein didaktischer Blick auf automatisierte Bewertung von Programmieraufgaben
Creators: name: Mühling, Andreas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2021

description: Didaktische Entscheidungen sind in den meisten Fällen keine eindeutigen ja/nein Entscheidungen. Vielmehr sind der Kontext einer Maßnahme, das intendierte Ziel und speziell auch die Details der Umsetzung meist ausschlaggebend dafür, ob eine didaktische Maßnahme für viele oder wenige Lernende sinnvoll funktioniert, den Anderen nicht weiter schadet oder aber vielleicht für einige oder viele Lernende sogar kontraproduktiv ist. Typische und sinnvolle Ziele wie Effizienz und Effektivität, Ökonomie und Lehrqualität stehen darüber hinaus oft in einem unauflösbaren Widerspruch zueinander so dass auch hier nur eine individuelle Abwägung der Möglichkeiten zu einer Entscheidung für oder wider einer didaktischen Maßnahme führen kann. Der Vortrag stellt zunächst relevante fachdidaktische Forschung zum Programmierunterricht und allgemeine Erkenntnisse zu Feedback und Lernen vor. Er geht dabei der Frage nach, unter welchen Bedingungen und mit welchen Zielsetzungen eine automatisierte Bewertung im Kontext von Programmieraufgaben (un-)sinnvoll erscheint. Darauf aufbauend werden Implikationen einerseits für die Technologie, andererseits aber auch für deren Einsatz speziell für die Lehre in Einführungsveranstaltungen der Informatik abgeleitet.
title: Improving the Scalability and Security of Execution Environments for Auto-Graders in the Context of MOOCs
Creators: name: Serth, Sebastian
name: Köhler, Daniel
name: Marschke, Leonard
name: Auringer, Felix
name: Hanff, Konrad
name: Hellenberg, Jan-Eric
name: Kantusch, Tobias
name: Paß, Maximilian
name: Meinel, Christoph
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Auto-Grader
subject: Scalability
subject: MOOC
subject: Programming
subject: Security
subject: Execution

description: Learning a programming language requires learners to write code themselves, execute their programs interactively, and receive feedback about the correctness of their code. Many approaches with so-called auto-graders exist to grade students' submissions and provide feedback for them automatically. University classes with hundreds of students or Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) with thousands of learners often use these systems. Assessing the submissions usually includes executing the students' source code and thus implies requirements on the scalability and security of the systems. In this paper, we evaluate different execution environments and orchestration solutions for auto-graders. We compare the most promising open-source tools regarding their usability in a scalable environment required for MOOCs. According to our evaluation, Nomad, in conjunction with Docker, fulfills most requirements. We derive implications for the productive use of Nomad for an auto-grader in MOOCs.
Il dato genetico: tra diritti della persona e discriminazione genotipica
Creators: name: Monducci, Juri <1975>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2008
Subjects: IUS/20 Filosofia del diritto

description: La dissertazione, partendo dall’analisi dei dati particolari, dei quali approfondisce il concetto e le norme previste
per la disciplina del trattamento, arriva ad una completa ed approfondita analisi dei dati genetici, partendo dal loro
inquadramento storico e giungendo sino ad evidenziare la simmetria intercorrente tra gli stessi e il tessuto umano (il
campione biologico) che, sotto un profilo squisitamente giuridico, è stato sottoposto al medesimo regime di tutela previsto
per il dato genetico. La finalità della definizione dei dati genetici è quella di individuare la loro regolamentazione nell’ambito
dell’ordinamento interno nonché ad evidenziare la genesi di tale normazione e, soprattutto, la tecnica utilizzata dall’autorità
preposta, che ha inteso recepire (anche se il termine, per taluni atti, è improprio) nell’ambito dell’ordinamento italiano una
moltitudine di atti normativi di rango internazione e sovranazionale, succedutisi sin dagli anni immediatamente successivi la
fine del secondo conflitto mondiale. Mentre la prima parte della dissertazione commenta la normativa in materia di dati
particolari, la seconda parte costituisce un corpo unico finalizzato a rappresentare la doppia faccia dei dati genetici, costituita,
da un lato, dalla pericolosità -per i diritti della persona- del loro trattamento e, dall’altro, dalla indispensabilità del trattamento
stesso per la tutela della salute dell’uomo, come singolo e come soggetto collettivo. Il lavoro pertanto si inserisce in un
contesto in cui la regolamentazione nazionale dei dati genetici pare prima di tutto finalizzata anche alla codificazione di
alcune libertà fondamentali fino al 2006 di creazione squisitamente e quasi esclusivamente dottrinale, al più con qualche
accenno giurisprudenziale (v. sul punto il diritto di non sapere o, anche se si ritiene che lo stesso sia di fatto stato
regolamentato dal Codice in materia di protezione dei dati personali, il diritto all’autodeterminazione informativa) dei quali la
tesi in commento individua la chiave regolatrice nell’ambito delle norme contenute nell’Autorizzazione del Garante. L’esame
della normativa nazionale, costituita appunto dall’Autorizzazione emanata dal Garante ai sensi dell’art. 90 del Codice è
pertanto svolto mediante un commento e, in alcuni punti, una critica costruttiva finalizzata ad evidenziare l’estrema difficoltà
nella normazione di un trattamento che, da un lato, rischia di aggredire irrimediabilmente i diritti della persona e dall’altro è
indispensabile per la tutela degli stessi.
Probing quantum devices with radio-frequency reflectometry
Creators: name: Vigneau, Florian
name: Fedele, Federico
name: Chatterjee, Anasua
name: Reilly, David
name: Kuemmeth, Ferdinand
name: Gonzalez-Zalba, Fernando
name: Laird, Edward
name: Ares, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many important phenomena in quantum devices are dynamic, meaning that they cannot be studied using time-averaged measurements alone. Experiments that measure such transient effects are collectively known as fast readout. One of the most useful techniques in fast electrical readout is radio-frequency reflectometry, which can measure changes in impedance (both resistive and reactive) even when their duration is extremely short, down to a microsecond or less. Examples of reflectometry experiments, some of which have been realised and others so far only proposed, include projective measurements of qubits and Majorana devices for quantum computing, real-time measurements of mechanical motion and detection of non-equilibrium temperature fluctuations. However, all of these experiments must overcome the central challenge of fast readout: the large mismatch between the typical impedance of quantum devices (set by the resistance quantum) and of transmission lines (set by the impedance of free space). Here, we review the physical principles of radio-frequency reflectometry and its close cousins, measurements of radio-frequency transmission and emission. We explain how to optimise the speed and sensitivity of a radio-frequency measurement, and how to incorporate new tools such as superconducting circuit elements and quantum-limited amplifiers into advanced radio-frequency experiments. Our aim is three-fold: to introduce the readers to the technique, to review the advances to date and to motivate new experiments in fast quantum device dynamics. Our intended audience includes experimentalists in the field of quantum electronics who want to implement radio-frequency experiments or improve them, together with physicists in related fields who want to understand how the most important radio-frequency measurements work.
description: Review paper. 64 pages main text, 15 pages supplementary. 47 figures in main text, 5 in the supplementary
title: An Architecture for the Automated Assessment of Web Programming Tasks
Creators: name: Aubele, Lara
name: Martin, Leon
name: Hirmer, Tobias
name: Henrich, Andreas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Web programming
subject: Automated Assessment
subject: End-to-end testing
subject: Docker

description: Automatically assessing students' solutions to programming tasks in the domain of web programming requires special means due to the characteristics of web applications. This paper proposes an architecture for a web-based learning application tailored to this domain. For the implementation of the automated assessment of programming tasks, we make use of end-to-end testing and container virtualization. This allows, in contrast to other popular approaches, the coverage of tasks that include special operations like DOM manipulations, which alter the user interface of web applications, in a way that is convenient for both students and instructors. We demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of the architecture based on two common usage scenarios.
On Some Properties of the Neutrino in The Early Universe
Creators: name: Mani, S
name: Sagari, A
name: Chakrabarti, B
name: Bhattacharya, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of the neutrino in the early universe have been investigated incorporating a small inhomogeneity in the mass density of the early universe. Dependence on this factor is found in studying mean free path and mass bound of neutrinos. The oscillations of neutrinos flavours have been studied by assuming a free wave packet to represent the time progression of the neutrino yielding interesting results.
description: The manuscript consists of 13 pages with no figures
title: Teaching Software Testing Using Automated Grading
Creators: name: Beierlieb, Lukas
name: Iffländer, Lukas
name: Schneider, Tobias
name: Prantl, Thomas
name: Kounev, Samuel
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: automated grading
subject: unit testing
subject: test-driven development

description: Software testing has become a standard for most software projects. However, there is a lack of testing in many curricula, and if present, courses lack instant feedback using automated systems. In this work, we show our realization of an exercise to teach software testing using an automated grading system. We illustrate our didactic goals, describe the task design and technical implementation. Evaluation shows that students experience only a slight increase in difficulty compared to other tasks and perceive the task description as sufficient.
Quantum-tunneling dynamics of a spin-polarized Fermi gas in a double-well potential
Creators: name: Salasnich, L.
name: Mazzarella, G.
name: Salerno, M.
name: Toigo, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the exact dynamics of a one-dimensional spin-polarized gas of fermions in a double-well potential at zero and finite temperature. Despite the system is made of non-interacting fermions, its dynamics can be quite complex, showing strongly aperiodic spatio-temporal patterns during the tunneling. The extension of these results to the case of mixtures of spin-polarized fermions in interaction with self-trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) at zero temperature is considered as well. In this case we show that the fermionic dynamics remains qualitatively similar to the one observed in absence of BEC but with the Rabi frequencies of fermionic excited states explicitly depending on the number of bosons and on the boson-fermion interaction strength. From this, the possibility to control quantum fermionic dynamics by means of Feshbach resonances is suggested.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Structural dynamics flexibility informs function and evolution at a proteome scale
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: elastic network models
functional genomics
single nucleotide variants
structural dynamics

description: Protein structures are dynamic entities with a myriad of atomic fluctuations, side-chain rotations, and collective domain movements. Although the importance of these dynamics to proper functioning of proteins is emerging in the studies of many protein families, there is a lack of broad evidence for the critical role of protein dynamics in shaping the biological functions of a substantial fraction of residues for a large number of proteins in the human proteome. Here, we propose a novel dynamic flexibility index (dfi) to quantify the dynamic properties of individual residues in any protein and use it to assess the importance of protein dynamics in 100 human proteins. Our analyses involving functionally critical positions, disease-associated and putatively neutral population variations, and the rate of interspecific substitutions per residue produce concordant patterns at a proteome scale. They establish that the preservation of dynamic properties of residues in a protein structure is critical for maintaining the protein/biological function. Therefore, structural dynamics needs to become a major component of the analysis of protein function and evolution. Such analyses will be facilitated by the dfi, which will also enable the integrative use of structural dynamics with evolutionary conservation in genomic medicine as well as functional genomics investigations. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Long-Time Memory and Ternary Logic Gate Using a Multistable Cavity Magnonic System
Creators: name: Shen, Rui-Chang
name: Wang, Yi-Pu
name: Li, Jie
name: Zhu, Shi-Yao
name: Agarwal, G. S.
name: You, J. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multistability is an extraordinary nonlinear property of dynamical systems and can be explored to implement memory and switches. Here we experimentally realize the tristability in a three-mode cavity magnonic system with Kerr nonlinearity. The three stable states in the tristable region correspond to the stable solutions of the frequency shift of the cavity magnon polariton under specific driving conditions. We find that the system staying in which stable state depends on the history experienced by the system, and this state can be harnessed to store the history information. In our experiment, the memory time can reach as long as 5.11 s. Moreover, we demonstrate the ternary logic gate with good on-off characteristics using this multistable hybrid system. Our new findings pave a way towards cavity magnonics-based information storage and processing.
title: Akzeptanz der Nutzung von automatisiertem Assessment im Rahmen einer virtuellen Vorlesung
Creators: name: Horn, Florian
name: Schiffner, Daniel
name: Krömker, Detlef
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: UEQ
subject: Moodle
subject: CodeRunner

description: Durch die Umstellung auf virtuelle Lehre findet auch die Verwendung von automatischen Tools zur Bewertung von Programmieraufgaben immer mehr den Einzug in die Lehre. Im Rahmen einer solchen virtuellen Vorlesung wurde eine Bewertung durch die Studierenden vorgenommen, um daraus Erkenntnisse für die zukünftige Einbettung in der Lehre zu ziehen. Die Vorlesung zielt dabei auf höhere Semester des Bachelorstudiengangs ab und nutzt dabei Vorerfahrungen der Studierenden. Insgesamt wurde Feedback von 47 Studierende durch einen Fragebogen erhoben, und daraus Rückschlüsse auf die Qualität und Einsetzbarkeit von Unit-Tests gezogen.
Gravitational wave forms for a three-body system in Lagrange's orbit: parameter determinations and a binary source test
Creators: name: Asada, Hideki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuing work initiated in an earlier publication [Torigoe et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 102}, 251101 (2009)], gravitational wave forms for a three-body system in Lagrange's orbit are considered especially in an analytic method. First, we derive an expression of the three-body wave forms at the mass quadrupole, octupole and current quadrupole orders. By using the expressions, we solve a gravitational-wave {\it inverse} problem of determining the source parameters to this particular configuration (three masses, a distance of the source to an observer, and the orbital inclination angle to the line of sight) through observations of the gravitational wave forms alone. For this purpose, the chirp mass to a three-body system in the particular configuration is expressed in terms of only the mass ratios by deleting initial angle positions. We discuss also whether and how a binary source can be distinguished from a three-body system in Lagrange's orbit or others.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; text improved, typos corrected; accepted for publication in PRD
Gamow shell model description of the radiative capture reaction $^8$Li$(n,γ)$$^9$Li
Creators: name: Dong, G. X.
name: Wang, X. B.
name: Michel, N.
name: Płoszajczak, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $^8$Li$(n,γ)$$^9$Li reaction plays a critical role in several reaction chains leading to the nucleosynthesis of $A>12$ nuclei. Due to unstable nature of $^8$Li and the unavailability of neutron targets, direct measurements of this reaction are exceedingly difficult. Only upper limits of this cross section, provided by the indirect experiments, have been obtained so far. In this work, we use the Gamow shell model (GSM) in the coupled-channel representation (GSM-CC) to study the properties of $^9$Li and the radiative capture reaction $^8$Li$(n,γ)$$^9$Li. In GSM-CC calculations, a translationally invariant Hamiltonian is used with a finite-range two-body interaction tuned to reproduce the low-energy spectra of $^{8-9}$Li. In the calculation of $^8$Li$(n,γ)$$^9$Li cross section, all relevant E1, M1, and E2 transitions from the initial continuum states to the final bound states ${3/2}_1^-$, ${1/2}_1^-$ and the resonance ${5/2}_1^-$ of $^9$Li are included. The GSM-CC approach reproduces the experimental low-energy spectrum, neutron emission threshold, and spectroscopic factors in $^9$Li. The calculated reaction rate is consistent with the experimental upper limit of the reaction rate obtained in the indirect measurements at stellar energies. The GSM-CC calculations suggest that the $^8$Li$(n,γ)$$^9$Li reaction can reduce heavy-element production via the main chain $^7$Li($n,γ$)$^8$Li($α,n$)$^{11}$B($n,γ$)$^{12}$B($β^+$)$^{12}$C. Major contribution to the calculated cross section is given by the direct E1 transition to the ground state of $^8$Li. The contribution of excited states to the reaction rate does not exceed $\sim$18% of the total reaction rate.
The Evolutionary History of Amino Acid Variations Mediating Increased Resistance of S. aureus Identifies Reversion Mutations in Metabolic Regulators
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Alleles
Bacterial Proteins
Computational Biology
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Evolution, Molecular
False Negative Reactions
Humans
Methicillin
Mutation
Phenotype
Staphylococcus aureus

description: The evolution of resistance in Staphylococcus aureus occurs rapidly, and in response to all known antimicrobial treatments. Numerous studies of model species describe compensatory roles of mutations in mediating competitive fitness, and there is growing evidence that these mutation types also drive adaptation of S. aureus strains. However, few studies have tracked amino acid changes during the complete evolutionary trajectory of antibiotic adaptation or been able to predict their functional relevance. Here, we have assessed the efficacy of computational methods to predict biological resistance of a collection of clinically known Resistance Associated Mutations (RAMs). We have found that >90% of known RAMs are incorrectly predicted to be functionally neutral by at least one of the prediction methods used. By tracing the evolutionary histories of all of the false negative RAMs, we have discovered that a significant number are reversion mutations to ancestral alleles also carried in the MSSA476 methicillin-sensitive isolate. These genetic reversions are most prevalent in strains following daptomycin treatment and show a tendency to accumulate in biological pathway reactions that are distinct from those accumulating non-reversion mutations. Our studies therefore show that in addition to non-reversion mutations, reversion mutations arise in isolates exposed to new antibiotic treatments. It is possible that acquisition of reversion mutations in the genome may prevent substantial fitness costs during the progression of resistance. Our findings pose an interesting question to be addressed by further clinical studies regarding whether or not these reversion mutations lead to a renewed vulnerability of a vancomycin or daptomycin resistant strain to antibiotics administered at an earlier stage of infection. © 2013 Champion et al.
title: Messung der Schwierigkeit von Programmieraufgaben zur Kryptologie in Java
Creators: name: Knorr, Konstantin
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bearbeitungszeit
subject: Java
subject: JUnit
subject: Fehlerrate
subject: Kryptologie
subject: Messung der Schwierigkeit

description: Systeme zur automatischen Bewertung von Programmieraufgaben (ABP) werden seit vielen Jahren erfolgreich in der Ausbildung von Informatikern eingesetzt, insbesondere in Zeiten verstärkter Online-Lehre. Kryptologie gilt bei vielen Studierenden aufgrund ihrer formellen und theoretischen Natur als schwer zugänglich. Das Verständnis kryptologischer Primitiven wie Ver- und Entschlüsselung oder Signatur und ihre Verifikation kann durch die Programmierung bzw. programmatische Anwendung gestärkt werden. Der Beitrag präsentiert eine Studie mit 20 Studierenden, 20 Aufgaben zur Kryptologie und ~300 JUnit-Testfällen, die über ein ABP-System ausgewertet wurden. Die Auswertung nach der Fehlerrate und dem Lösungszeitpunkt der kryptologischen Testfälle erlaubt die Identifikation von schweren Testfällen und zeigt u.a., dass Studierende weniger Fehler bei Substitutions- als bei Transpositionschiffren machen, symmetrische Chiffren leichter fallen als asymmetrische und dass Tests zu den Konstruktoren, Exceptions und Padding deutlich früher und besser gelöst wurden als Tests zu Signaturen und deren Verifikation.
Anaerobic metabolism in the oyster heart
Creators: name: Collicutt, Janet Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Previous studies indicate that the intertidal oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is a facultative anaerobe. The end-products of anaerobiosis in the oyster and in other intertidal bivalves are succinate and alanine. The production of these compounds is energetically advantageous over lactate production in that ATP-producing steps, other than those in glycolysis, appear to be coupled to succinate production. In this study, anoxia adaptations of the ventricle, a tissue with a high aerobic capacity, were examined. Two sources of energy are available to the anoxic ventricle : glycogen stores and a large free amino acid pool. ¹⁴C-labelled glucose, aspartate, and glutamate were tested as substrates of anaerobic metabolism in the isolated ventricle. Glucose and aspartate are readily metabolized by the anoxic ventricle. The major end-product of glucose metabolism is alanine while aspartate is metabolized mostly to succinate. Glutamate is a poor substrate of anaerobic metabolism. Correspondingly, the intracellular pool of aspartate decreases in anoxia while the glutamate pool is not depleted; It is proposed that the simultaneous mobilization of one mole of glucose and one mole of aspartate to two moles of alanine and one mole of succinate respectively, can maintain the system in redox balance, account for the production of 2-3 times more alanine than succinate in the anoxic ventricle, and provide the ventricle with an ATP-yielding step at the fumarate reductase reaction. Amino groups are transfered from aspartate to alanine through the combined functioning of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases. However, the total number of amino groups needed for alanine synthesis cannot be accounted for by anoxic changes in the pools of aspartate, other amino acids, or the adenylates. A minimal accumulation of succinate-¹⁴C from glutamate-¹⁴C as the precursor shows that forward functioning of the Krebs cycle from α-ketoglutarate is of minor importance in anoxia and the potential for generating GTP at the succinyl thiokinase reaction cannot be utilized. A third anaerobic end-product is produced from both glucose-¹⁴C and aspartate-¹⁴C. The compound appears to be metabolically closely linked to alanine or pyruvate but it could not be identified. Aerobic ATP concentrations are not maintained in anoxia. The concentration of ATP decreases while ADP and AMP concentrations increase. These changes would activate glycolytic enzymes in anoxia and reactivate the Krebs cycle immediately upon return to an aerobic environment.
title: Plagiarism Detection Approaches for Simple Introductory Programming Assignments
Creators: name: Strickroth, Sven
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: automatic assessment
subject: plagiarism detection
subject: programming education
subject: learning programming

description: Learning to program is often perceived as hard by students and some students try to cheat. Plagiarisms are reported to be a huge problem particularly for summative-like assignments (e.g., crediting courses or bonus points). It is important to fight plagiarisms from early on – even for simple assignments. Especially for larger courses tool support is required. This paper provides an overview of features for commonly used plagiarism detection tools, discusses how these can be integrated into existing assessment systems, and how their results relate to each other for two data sets of quite simple assignments. Additionally, these specialized tools are compared with a simple Levenshtein distance approach. The paper also outlines limits on very simple assignments.
title: On the Influence of Task Size and Template Provision on Solution Similarity
Creators: name: Haan, Tobias
name: Striewe, Michael
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Education
subject: Program Code Similarity
subject: Solution Space

description: In most cases of programming education, there is not a single correct answer to a given task. Instead, the same problem can be solved by two or more pieces of program code that look very different. At the same time, two or more pieces of program code that look very similar may actually solve very different problems. It is thus not easy to foresee which degree of similarity one can expect for all or at least the correct submissions to a given programming task. Since several applications may benefit from some kind of prediction of the similarity, this paper presents first, preliminary results from research on that topic. In particular, it presents results from an empirical study on the influence of exercise size and template provision. Results indicate that both factors are not suitable as simple predictors and that other factors have to be taken into account as well. Nevertheless, the results help to generate hypothesis for more detailed subsequent studies.
Is Centaurus A special? A neutral hydrogen perspective
Creators: name: Struve, Christian
name: Morganti, Raffaella
name: Oosterloo, Tom A.
name: Emonts, Bjorn H. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the proximity, the neutral hydrogen belonging to Centaurus A can be observed at high resolution with good sensitivity. This allows to study the morphology and kinematics in detail in order to understand the evolution of this radio-loud source (e.g. merger history, AGN activity). At the same time, it is important to compare the results to other sources of the same class (i.e. early-type galaxies in general and radio galaxies in particular) to see how Centaurus A fits into the global picture of early-type/radio galaxy evolution. The amount of HI, the morphology of a warped disk with HI clouds surrounding the disk and the regular kinematics of the inner part of the HI disk are not unusual for early-type galaxies. The growing evidence that mergers are not necessarily responsible for AGN activity fits with the observational result that the recent merger event in Centaurus A is not connected to the current phase of activity. Based on these results, we conclude that Centaurus A has typical neutral hydrogen properties for an early-type and radio galaxy and it can therefore - from an HI perspective - be seen as a typical example of its class.
description: submitted to PASA; 7 pages, 4 figures
Diverse captive non-human primates with phytanic acid-deficient diets rich in plant products have substantial phytanic acid levels in their red blood cells
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Animals
Biological Evolution
Callithrix
Carrier Proteins
Chlorophyll
Diet, Vegetarian
Erythrocytes
Female
Gene Expression
Hominidae
Humans
Macaca mulatta
Male
Mixed Function Oxygenases
Oxidoreductases
Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors
Papio anubis
Phytanic Acid
Racemases and Epimerases
Species Specificity

description: Background: Humans and rodents with impaired phytanic acid (PA) metabolism can accumulate toxic stores of PA that have deleterious effects on multiple organ systems. Ruminants and certain fish obtain PA from the microbial degradation of dietary chlorophyll and/or through chlorophyll-derived precursors. In contrast, humans cannot derive PA from chlorophyll and instead normally obtain it only from meat, dairy, and fish products. Results: Captive apes and Old world monkeys had significantly higher red blood cell (RBC) PA levels relative to humans when all subjects were fed PA-deficient diets. Given the adverse health effects resulting from PA over accumulation, we investigated the molecular evolution of thirteen PA metabolism genes in apes, Old world monkeys, and New world monkeys. All non-human primate (NHP) orthologs are predicted to encode full-length proteins with the marmoset Phyh gene containing a rare, but functional, GA splice donor dinucleotide. Acox2, Scp2, and Pecr sequences had amino acid positions with accelerated substitution rates while Amacr had significant variation in evolutionary rates in apes relative to other primates. Conclusions: Unlike humans, diverse captive NHPs with PA-deficient diets rich in plant products have substantial RBC PA levels. The favored hypothesis is that NHPs can derive significant amounts of PA from the degradation of ingested chlorophyll through gut fermentation. If correct, this raises the possibility that RBC PA levels could serve as a biomarker for evaluating the digestive health of captive NHPs. Furthermore, the evolutionary rates of the several genes relevant to PA metabolism provide candidate genetic adaptations to NHP diets. © 2013 Moser et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Topological fracton quantum phase transitions by tuning exact tensor network states
Creators: name: Zhu, Guo-Yi
name: Chen, Ji-Yao
name: Ye, Peng
name: Trebst, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gapped fracton phases of matter generalize the concept of topological order and broaden our fundamental understanding of entanglement in quantum many-body systems. However, their analytical or numerical description beyond exactly solvable models remains a formidable challenge. Here we employ an exact 3D quantum tensor-network approach that allows us to study a $\mathbb{Z}_N$ generalization of the prototypical X cube fracton model and its quantum phase transitions between distinct topological states via fully tractable wavefunction deformations. We map the (deformed) quantum states exactly to a combination of a classical lattice gauge theory and a plaquette clock model, and employ numerical techniques to calculate various entanglement order parameters. For the $\mathbb{Z}_N$ model we find a family of (weakly) first-order fracton confinement transitions that in the limit of $N\to\infty$ converge to a continuous phase transition beyond the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm. We also discover a line of 3D conformal quantum critical points (with critical magnetic flux loop fluctuations) which, in the $N\to\infty$ limit, appears to coexist with a gapless deconfined fracton state.
description: 4 + 12 pages, 4 + 9 figures
The hyperfine energy levels of alkali metal dimers: ground-state homonuclear molecules in magnetic fields
Creators: name: Aldegunde, J.
name: Hutson, Jeremy M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the hyperfine energy levels and Zeeman splittings for homonuclear alkali-metal dimers in low-lying rotational and vibrational states, which are important for experiments designed to produce quantum gases of deeply bound molecules. We carry out density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of the nuclear hyperfine coupling constants. For nonrotating states, the zero-field splittings are determined almost entirely by the scalar nuclear spin-spin coupling constant. By contrast with the heteronuclear case, the total nuclear spin remains a good quantum number in a magnetic field. We also investigate levels with rotational quantum number N = 1, which have long-range anisotropic quadrupole-quadrupole interactions and may be collisionally stable. For these states the splitting is dominated by nuclear quadrupole coupling for most of the alkali-metal dimers and the Zeeman splittings are considerably more complicated.
Valutazione delle performance degli scalpelli da perforazione: studi teorici, analisi dati e valutazioni tecnico-economiche
Creators: name: Magagni, Matteo <1975>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2008
Subjects: ING-IND/30 Idrocarburi e fluidi del sottosuolo

description: The study is aimed to calculate an innovative numerical index for bit performance evaluation called
Bit Index (BI), applied on a new type of bit database named Formation Drillability Catalogue
(FDC). A dedicated research programme (developed by Eni E&P and the University of Bologna)
studied a drilling model for bit performance evaluation named BI, derived from data recorded while
drilling (bit records, master log, wireline log, etc.) and dull bit evaluation. This index is calculated
with data collected inside the FDC, a novel classification of Italian formations aimed to the
geotechnical and geomechanical characterization and subdivisions of the formations, called
Minimum Interval (MI). FDC was conceived and prepared at Eni E&P Div., and contains a large
number of significant drilling parameters. Five wells have been identified inside the FDC and have
been tested for bit performance evaluation. The values of BI are calculated for each bit run and are
compared with the values of the cost per metre. The case study analyzes bits of the same type,
diameters and run in the same formation. The BI methodology implemented on MI classification of
FDC can improve consistently the bit performances evaluation, and it helps to identify the best
performer bits. Moreover, FDC turned out to be functional to BI, since it discloses and organizes
formation details that are not easily detectable or usable from bit records or master logs, allowing
for targeted bit performance evaluations. At this stage of development, the BI methodology proved
to be economic and reliable. The quality of bit performance analysis obtained with BI seems also
more effective than the traditional “quick look” analysis, performed on bit records, or on the pure
cost per metre evaluation.
Dielectric properties of ultrathin metal films around the percolation threshold
Creators: name: Hövel, Martin
name: Alws, Martin
name: Gompf, Bruno
name: Dressel, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on optical reflection measurements of thin Au films at and around the percolation threshold (film thickness 3 to 10 nm) in an extremely broad spectral range from 500 to 35000 cm-1 (0.3 - 20 *10-6 m). Combining spectroscopic ellipsometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the dielectric properties of the films can be described over the whole frequency range by Kramers-Kronig consistent effective dielectric functions. The optical conductivity of the films is dominated by two contributions: by a Drude-component starting at the percolation threshold in the low frequency range and a plasmon in the near-infrared region, which shifts down in frequency with increasing film thickness. The interplay of both components leads to a dielectric anomaly in the infrared region with a maximum of the dielectric constant at the insulator-to-metal transition.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Laser spectroscopy of gas confined in nanoporous materials
Creators: name: Svensson, Tomas
name: Shen, Zhijian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that high-resolution laser spectroscopy can probe surface interactions of gas confined in nano-cavities of porous materials. We report on strong line broadening and unfamiliar lineshapes due to tight confinement, as well as signal enhancement due to multiple photon scattering. This new domain of laser spectroscopy constitute a challenge for the theory of collisions and spectroscopic lineshapes, and open for new ways of analyzing porous materials and processes taking place therein.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, partly presented orally at 7th International Conference on Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy (TDLS), July 2009 in Zermatt, Switzerland; Accepted for Applied Physics Letters (December 2009)
Evolution to symmetry
Creators: name: Verhulst, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J20, 37J40, 34C20, 58K70, 37G05, 70H33, 70K30, 70K45

description: A natural example of evolution can be described by a time-dependent two degrees-of-freedom Hamiltonian. We choose the case where initially the Hamiltonian derives from a general cubic potential, the linearised system has frequencies 1 and $ω>0$. The time-dependence produces slow evolution to discrete (mirror) symmetry in one of the degrees-of-freedom. This changes the dynamics drastically depending on the frequency ratio $ω$ and the timescale of evolution. We analyse the cases $ω= 1, 2, 3$ where the ratio's 1,2 turn out to be the most interesting. In an initial phase we find 2 adiabatic invariants with changes near the end of evolution. A remarkable feature is the vanishing and emergence of normal modes, stability changes and strong changes of the velocity distribution in phase-space. The problem is inspired by the dynamics of axisymmetric, rotating galaxies that evolve slowly to mirror symmetry with respect to the galactic plane, the model formulation is quite general.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures