cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Two Types of Reading Interventions on the Test Scores of Students who Have Intensive Special Needs
Creators: name: Lucas, Heather
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to determine which of two types of reading interventions, phonics-based or sight word-based, was more effective with improving reading scores of students with intensive special education needs on the TOWRE assessment. A quasiexperimental design was used, utilizing a pretest, posttest, and quarterly progress monitoring checks. Participants in the study included 14 students enrolled in a Multiple Intensive Needs Classroom between kindergarten and fourth grade from a midsize elementary school in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Six of the participants took part in the phonics-based intervention, while eight participated in the sight word-based intervention. Data was collected between 2010 and 2012 and was subsequently analyzed. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference between the scores of the two groups; however, the null hypothesis was rejected when, after analysis, it was determined that the mean posttest scores of the sight word group were significantly higher than the mean posttest scores of the phonics group. Recommendations for future research include duplication of the study using a true experimental design and conducting the research with various age groups to determine whether the results would remain consistent.
The Regional Distribution of Farm-Level Impacts from Acreage Set-Asides
Creators: name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The question of whether the United States should once again authorize acreage setasides will be addressed now that Congress has decided to hold hearings about a possible early rewrite of farm policy. Questions about the impact of acreage set-asides on farm income and national policy goals will need to be answered. This paper takes an initial look at three pertinent questions: (1) What impact will acreage set-asides have on the prices of corn, soybeans, and wheat? (2) What would be the differential farm-level impacts of set-asides across regions? And (3) How might acreage controls work with existing marketing loans? A 10 percent reduction in corn, soybeans, and wheat would significantly raise prices in a one-year time frame. Over a three-year period, production in other countries would increase, and processors and livestock feeders would adjust their demands, so the price impact would be much less significant. Thus the major benefits from a permanent reduction in supply would be relatively short-lived and not shared equally across crops. For example, soybean producers would benefit much less than corn producers because the soybean buyers have a greater ability to find alternative supplies and ingredients than do corn buyers. The attractiveness of supply control programs, either voluntary or mandatory, also would not be equal across farmers of the same crop in different production regions. Those producers that reside in areas that have low per-acre land rents relative to per-acre crop revenue would receive a disproportionate share of program benefits. Corn Belt farmers with their high cash rents and high per-acre yields should be much less enthusiastic about a program that ties payments to land set-asides than irrigated corn farmers in Oklahoma with relatively high yields, high costs, and low land rents. Supply control would have to increase prices above loan rates before any farmer would see a benefit if marketing loans were continued. Thus, maintaining current eligibility requirements for marketing loans would make the attractiveness of voluntary set-asides quite low. Some additional inducement, such as a higher loan rate for participating farmers, would have to be enacted before a voluntary program would become feasible. Set-aside programs would tend to target subsidies and would tend to reduce production in regions that would otherwise go out of production first when prices were low. One possible justification for this type of program would be to counteract the acreage-expanding impacts of the U.S. marketing loan and crop insurance programs.
Web 2.0 Educational Technologies used to Improve Student Achievement
Creators: name: Ellis, Christopher
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education -- Research papers (Graduate)

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Web 2.0 educational technologies in improving student achievement as measured by content comprehension and written expression. This study used a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design with assessment. The study included 12 students, each of whom had an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). The study hypothesized that there was no difference in content comprehension and written expression between students using Web 2.0 technology and those students who did not use Web 2.0 technology. The null hypothesis was supported. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the groups. Future research is recommended to include using a larger sample size and selecting participants from various educational levels.
Additional file 1 of Content validity and psychometric evaluation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scale in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Creators: name: Eek, Daniel
name: Ivanescu, Cristina
name: Corredoira, Laura
name: Meyers, Oren
name: Cella, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1 : Supplemental File 1. Proportion of patients with response ‘not at all’ and ‘very much’ for FACIT-Fatigue items.
HACCP as a Regulatory Innovation to Improve Food Safety in the Meat Industry
Creators: name: Unnevehr, Laurian J.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Unnevehr, Laurian J.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Livestock Production/Industries

description: The current system of meat inspection in the United States does not adequately address the problem of microbial food-borne pathogens. The application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems to control and reduce the incidence of pathogens is included in proposed regulations for safety in meat products. This type of regulatory intervention combines control of process and product, and offers a regulatory innovation when the costs of hazard detection are high and the exact benefits associated with any particular standard are uncertain but potentially large. Although command and control standards may be appropriate for control of food-borne pathogens, more consideration might be given to combining these standards with incentives to improve food safety in meats.
Robust Asymptotic Growth in Stochastic Portfolio Theory under Long-Only Constraints
Creators: name: Itkin, David
name: Larsson, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49J30, 60G44, 60H05, 91G10

description: We consider the problem of maximizing the asymptotic growth rate of an investor under drift uncertainty in the setting of stochastic portfolio theory (SPT). As in the work of Kardaras and Robertson we take as inputs (i) a Markovian volatility matrix $c(x)$ and (ii) an invariant density $p(x)$ for the market weights, but we additionally impose long-only constraints on the investor. Our principal contribution is proving a uniqueness and existence result for the class of concave functionally generated portfolios and developing a finite dimensional approximation, which can be used to numerically find the optimum. In addition to the general results outlined above, we propose the use of a broad class of models for the volatility matrix $c(x)$, which can be calibrated to data and, under which, we obtain explicit formulas of the optimal unconstrained portfolio for any invariant density.
description: 54 pages
Spin polarization in a T-shape conductor induced by strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Yamamoto, M.
name: Ohtsuki, T.
name: Kramer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate numerically the spin polarization of the current in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction in a T-shaped conductor proposed by A.A. Kiselev and K.W. Kim (Appl. Phys. Lett. {\bf 78} 775 (2001)). The recursive Green function method is used to calculate the three terminal spin dependent transmission probabilities. We focus on single-channel transport and show that the spin polarization becomes nearly 100 % with a conductance close to $e^{2}/h$ for sufficiently strong spin-orbit coupling. This is interpreted by the fact that electrons with opposite spin states are deflected into an opposite terminal by the spin dependent Lorentz force. The influence of the disorder on the predicted effect is also discussed. Cases for multi-channel transport are studied in connection with experiments.
Failure process of a bundle of plastic fibers
Creators: name: Raischel, F.
name: Kun, F.
name: Herrmann, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extension of fiber bundle models considering that failed fibers still carry a fraction $0 \leq α\leq 1$ of their failure load. The value of $α$ interpolates between the perfectly brittle failure $(α= 0)$ and perfectly plastic behavior $(α=1)$ of fibers. We show that the finite load bearing capacity of broken fibers has a substantial effect on the failure process of the bundle. In the case of global load sharing it is found that for $α\to 1$ the macroscopic response of the bundle becomes perfectly plastic with a yield stress equal to the average fiber strength. On the microlevel, the size distribution of avalanches has a crossover from a power law of exponent $\approx 2.5$ to a faster exponential decay. For localized load sharing, computer simulations revealed a sharp transition at a well defined value $α_c$ from a phase where macroscopic failure occurs due to localization as a consequence of local stress enhancements, to another one where the disordered fiber strength dominates the damage process. Analysing the microstructure of damage, the transition proved to be analogous to percolation. At the critical point $α_c$, the spanning cluster of damage is found to be compact with a fractal boundary. The distribution of bursts of fiber breakings shows a power law behaviour with a universal exponent $\approx 1.5$ equal to the mean field exponent of fiber bundles of critical strength distributions. The model can be relevant to understand the shear failure of glued interfaces where failed regions can still transmit load by remaining in contact.
description: replaced with revised version;14 pages, 19 figures
Ambitwistor Strings in Six and Five Dimensions
Creators: name: Geyer, Yvonne
name: Mason, Lionel
name: Skinner, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ambitwistor strings are chiral (holomorphic) strings whose target is the space of complex null geodesics, ambitwistor space. We introduce twistor representations of ambitwistor space in 6 and 5 dimensions. In 6d the twistor representation is naturally conformally invariant. Anomaly cancellation leads to models that describe biadjoint scalar amplitudes and certain conformally invariant gauge and gravity theories, respectively of 4$^{\rm th}$ and 6$^{\rm th}$ order. There are three such models, reflecting triality for the conformal group SO(8) associated to these 6d models. On reduction to five dimensions, gauge anomaly cancellation requires supersymmetry and the resulting models describe maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills and gravity. The twistor representation of these ambitwistor strings lead to formulæ for maximally supersymmetric gauge and gravity amplitudes based on the polarized scattering equations in 5d, found earlier by the first two authors.
description: 36 pages, 3 figures
Efficient Matrix Product State Method for periodic boundary conditions
Creators: name: Pippan, Peter
name: White, Steven R.
name: Evertz, Hans Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an efficient method to calculate the ground state of one-dimensional lattice models with periodic boundary conditions. The method works in the representation of Matrix Product States (MPS), related to the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) method. It improves on a previous approach by Verstraete et al. We introduce a factorization procedure for long products of MPS matrices, which reduces the computational effort from m^5 to m^3, where m is the matrix dimension, and m ~ 100 - 1000 in typical cases. We test the method on the S=1/2 and S=1 Heisenberg chains. It is also applicable to non-translationally invariant cases. The new method makes ground state calculations with periodic boundary conditions about as efficient as traditional DMRG calculations for systems with open boundaries.
description: Final published version
Acts of observance ; mending the broken spirit, nurturing the unrepentant heart
Creators: name: Shields, Faith
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Herein is contained: An acknowledgment of that illusive, illusory and illuminating (some say skittish) expectation which I designate "impossible hope," and its usefulness in rendering the unbearableness of life bearable, the untenable tenable and the unthinkable permissible. An account of the author's physical, intellectual, semiotic, semantic and emotional struggles and those of several of her friends. An examination of the confessional as an inherent aspect of autobiography; yet, not inhibitory of creative, contradictory, farcical and fantastical potentialities. A collection of prose poems of the author's own making which seek to write sound, breath and body into autobiographical narrative. An argument in favour of recognizing the physicality of writing and of thinking vs. the myth of the disembodied scholar. A discussion of the objectification of the female sex and of female desire, and the increasingly ambiguous manner in which those whelped by and weaned from more traditional and conservative feminist theory, interpret these two. A plea for the incorporation of critically subjective autobiography not only into the curriculum, but into the personal praxis of pedagogues. An account of writing as a potential site for reclamation; a process whereby we might better survive the inevitability of loss. An explanation of the author's writing process, particularly as it regards experiential prosepoetry. A further and generally loving tribute to "impossible hope" and the sisyphean nature of living and writing.
Influences of Permanence on the Comparative Value of Biological Sequestration versus Emissions Offsets
Creators: name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Murray, Brian C.
name: Schneider, Uwe A.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Murray, Brian C.
name: Schneider, Uwe A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Agricultural Sector Model
subject: carbon price trajectory
subject: carbon sequestration dynamics
subject: economics of greenhouse gas emission mitigation
subject: forest sink discounting
subject: mathematical programming
subject: net present value
subject: saturation
subject: volatility

description: We use a net present value framework to examine the impact of non-permanence on the economics of land-based biological carbon sequestration. Contingent on assumptions about discount rates, management, and carbon prices trajectories, and payment contract design, we find the adjusted value of carbon sequestration relative to permanently available emission offsets to be between 38 and 55 percent for agricultural soil offsets and between 51 and 99 percent for afforestation offsets. Simulations with an Agricultural Sector Model show the empirical effect of sequestration value discounts on the total potential of U.S. agricultural sinks to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions within a multistrategy setting.
Spatial Heterogeneity and the Choice of Instruments to Control Nonpoint Pollution
Creators: name: Wu, JunJie
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Wu, JunJie
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Because it is difficult to monitor emissions by sources in nonpoint pollution and to implement differential taxes and standards, uniform taxes and standards on chemical use are often proposed to control nonpoint pollution. This paper analyzes the relative efficiency of these uniform instruments in the presence of spatial heterogeneity. We demonstrate that the relative slopes of the marginal cost and benefits of chemical use are only one of the factors that affect the relative efficiency. Other factors include correlation between marginal costs and benefits, and the variability of both marginal benefits and the slopes of marginal benefits. In addition, we show how consideration of prohibitive taxes on low-productivity land and nonbinding standards on low-input land affect the relative efficiency.
Children’s metapragmatic knowledge and intensity of second language as a medium of instruction in the intermediate years of a French immersion program
Creators: name: Takakuwa, Mitsunori
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Compared to grammatical knowledge of language (what to use), the ability to use language appropriately depending on a context (how to use) is termed linguistic pragmatic knowledge. Throughout the elementary school years children developmentally not only acquire pragmatic knowledge but also increase their explicit grasp of pragmatic knowledge. This is termed metapragmatic knowledge. It includes the ability to infer meanings that are not expressed literally. In nonliteral uses of language, the speaker means something different from what is said. Among such nonliteral uses of language are indirect requests and irony. As children's metapragmatic knowledge has a positive relationship with their literate proficiency, on which success in school depends, children can benefit from the development of their metapragmatic knowledge in their academic achievement. The study of bilingualism has shown that bilingualism has a positive effect on children's metalinguistic development. Can metapragmatic knowledge be enhanced by increasing exposure to a second language (L2)? Bilingual pupils were given two tasks in which the children's levels of metapragmatic knowledge were investigated. The measure of metapragmatic knowledge consisted of two assessments: (a) understanding of indirect requests, and (b) understanding of irony. Participants listened to eight short stories in which brief interactions were presented in a multimedia, computer-based format. After each story, participants were asked a set of questions to probe subjects' attributions of the speaker's communicative intent and hearer's interpretation. L2 intensity was positively associated with metapragmatic knowledge measured by comprehension of requests. Conversely, the association between L2 intensity and metapragmatic knowledge measured by comprehension of irony was not necessarily positive. Those who scored higher had positive relationship between L2 intensity and their metapragmatic knowledge whereas those who scored lower had negative relationship between L2 intensity and their metapragmatic knowledge. In summary, L2 intensity is not always positively associated with any type of metapragmatic knowledge. This suggests that a larger amount of exposure to L2 is not necessarily beneficial to children's development of metapragmatic knowledge. Therefore, it is important to consider the levels of children's metapragmatic knowledge when planning an increase of exposure to L2 instruction.
Additional file 2 of Content validity and psychometric evaluation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scale in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Creators: name: Eek, Daniel
name: Ivanescu, Cristina
name: Corredoira, Laura
name: Meyers, Oren
name: Cella, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2 : Supplemental File 2. Factor loadings for the one factor models of the FACIT-Fatigue scale, Impact subscale and Symptom subscale.
АRАLАSHTIRILGАN TА'LIM STRАTЕGIYАLАRI: АUDIОVIZUАLNI АN'АNАVIY USULLАR BILАN UYG'UNLАSHTIRISH
Creators: name: Usmonova, Gulhumor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Tinglаsh kо‘nikmаlаrini rivоjlаntirishdа sаmаrаli pеdаgоgik yоndаshuv sifаtidа аn’аnаviy yuzmа-yuz о‘qitishning zаmоnаviy rаqаmli vоsitаlаr bilаn uyg‘unlаshgаn аrаlаsh tа’lim о‘z о‘rnigа еgа bо‘ldi. Ushbu mаqоlа аudiоvizuаl vоsitаlаr, jumlаdаn, vidеоlаr, pоdkаstlаr vа intеrаktiv аxbоrоt vоsitаlаrini о‘quvchilаrning fаоlligini оshirish vа tа’lim nаtijаlаrini yаxshilаsh uchun qаndаy qilib аn’аnаviy о‘qitish usullаrigа intеgrаtsiyаlаshuvini о‘rgаnаdi. Аudiоvizuаl tаrkibni аn'аnаviy о'qitish usullаri bilаn birlаshtirib, о'qituvchilаr turli xil о'rgаnish imtiyоzlаrini qоndirishlаri vа yаnаdа dinаmik vа sаmаrаli о'quv muhitini yаrаtishlаri mumkin. Mаqоlаdа аrаlаsh tа'lim strаtеgiyаlаrini аmаlgа оshirish bо'yichа ilg'оr tаjribаlаr, yuzаgа kеlishi mumkin bо'lgаn muаmmоlаr vа о'quvchilаrning tinglаsh mаlаkаsini оshirishgа intilаyоtgаn о'qituvchilаr uchun оqibаtlаri muhоkаmа qilinаdi.
Manipulation of Spin Transport in Graphene/Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterobilayers upon Twisting
Creators: name: Pezo, Armando
name: Zanolli, Zeila
name: Wittemeier, Nils
name: Ordejon, Pablo
name: Fazzio, Adalberto
name: Roche, Stephan
name: Garcia, Jose H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proximity effects are one of the pillars of exotic phenomena and technological applications of two dimensional materials. However, the interactions nature depends strongly on the materials involved, their crystalline symmetries, and interfacial properties. Here we used large-scale first-principle calculations to demonstrate that strain and twist-angle are efficient knobs to tailor the spin-orbit coupling in graphene transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers. We found that by choosing a twist-angle of 30 degrees, the spin relaxation times increase by two orders of magnitude, opening a path to improve these heterostructures spin transport capability. Moreover, we demonstrate that strain and twist angle will modify the relative values of valley-Zeeman and Rashba spin-orbit coupling, allowing to tune the system into an ideal Dirac-Rashba regime. These results enable us to envision an answer for the variability of spin-orbit coupling found in different experiments and have significant consequences for applications that depend on polycrystallinity, where grains form at different orientations.
OPTIMAL QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEMS FOR AGRICULTURAL OUTPUTS
Creators: name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Carbone, Roxana
name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Carbone, Roxana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: food products
subject: price premium
subject: product differentiation
subject: quality assurance

description: New quality assurance systems (QASs) are being put in place to facilitate the flow of information about agricultural and food products. But what constitutes a proper mix of public and private efforts in setting up QASs is an unsettled question. A better understanding of private sector incentives for setting up such systems will help clarify what role the public sector might have in establishing standards. We contribute to this understanding by modeling the optimal degree of "stringency" or assurance in a processor's quality control system over procurement of agricultural output when there exists uncertainty about quality. Our model addresses two questions: (1) Should a buyer of agricultural outputs implement a QAS as a way to gain and provide information about product quality to its potential customers? and (2) Given that it is profitable to adopt a QAS, what is the profit-maximizing degree of assurance in the system? We study a particular case in which the input buyer requires its suppliers to implement a given QAS. Increased stringency through the QAS reduces the probability of type I errors of falsely declaring that a product is of high quality and of type II errors of rejecting high-quality output. The optimal degree of assurance balances the marginal cost of increased assurance with the value of reduced type I and type II errors. The model predicts that the optimal degree of assurance depends on (1) the likelihood that the sought-after attribute is discoverable by consumers, (2) the price premium paid for the attribute, (3) the cost of quality control, and (4) the damage caused by false certification. A number of privately developed U.S. QASs are examined to see how well the model predictions are supported.
Critical percolation of virtually free groups and other tree-like graphs
Creators: name: Špakulová, Iva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 60D05, 20P05 (Primary)

description: This article presents a method for finding the critical probability $p_c$ for the Bernoulli bond percolation on graphs with the so-called tree-like structure. Such a graph can be decomposed into a tree of pieces, each of which has finitely many isomorphism classes. This class of graphs includes the Cayley graphs of amalgamated products, HNN extensions or general groups acting on trees. It also includes all transitive graphs with more than one end. The idea of the method is to find a multi-type Galton--Watson branching process (with a parameter $p$) which has finite expected population size if and only if the expected percolation cluster size is finite. This provides sufficient information about $p_c$. In particular, if the pairwise intersections of pieces are finite, then $p_c$ is the smallest positive $p$ such that $\operatorname {det}(M-1)=0$, where $M$ is the first-moment matrix of the branching process. If the pieces of the tree-like structure are finite, then $p_c$ is an algebraic number and we give an algorithm computing $p_c$ as a root of some algebraic function. We show that any Cayley graph of a virtually free group (i.e., a group acting on a tree with finite vertex stabilizers) with respect to any finite generating set has a tree-like structure with finite pieces. In particular, we show how to compute $p_c$ for the Cayley graph of a free group with respect to any finite generating set.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOP458 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Assessing the Potential of Deep Learning for Emulating Cloud Superparameterization in Climate Models with Real-Geography Boundary Conditions
Creators: name: Mooers, Griffin
name: Pritchard, Mike
name: Beucler, Tom
name: Ott, Jordan
name: Yacalis, Galen
name: Baldi, Pierre
name: Gentine, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the potential of feed-forward deep neural networks (DNNs) for emulating cloud superparameterization in realistic geography, using offline fits to data from the Super Parameterized Community Atmospheric Model. To identify the network architecture of greatest skill, we formally optimize hyperparameters using ~250 trials. Our DNN explains over 70 percent of the temporal variance at the 15-minute sampling scale throughout the mid-to-upper troposphere. Autocorrelation timescale analysis compared against DNN skill suggests the less good fit in the tropical, marine boundary layer is driven by neural network difficulty emulating fast, stochastic signals in convection. However, spectral analysis in the temporal domain indicates skillful emulation of signals on diurnal to synoptic scales. A close look at the diurnal cycle reveals correct emulation of land-sea contrasts and vertical structure in the heating and moistening fields, but some distortion of precipitation. Sensitivity tests targeting precipitation skill reveal complementary effects of adding positive constraints vs. hyperparameter tuning, motivating the use of both in the future. A first attempt to force an offline land model with DNN emulated atmospheric fields produces reassuring results further supporting neural network emulation viability in real-geography settings. Overall, the fit skill is competitive with recent attempts by sophisticated Residual and Convolutional Neural Network architectures trained on added information, including memory of past states. Our results confirm the parameterizability of superparameterized convection with continents through machine learning and we highlight advantages of casting this problem locally in space and time for accurate emulation and hopefully quick implementation of hybrid climate models.
description: 32 Pages, 13 Figures, Revised Version Submitted to Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems April 2021
A hyperbolic framework for shear sound beams in nonlinear solids
Creators: name: Berjamin, Harold
name: Destrade, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 74B20, 74H15

description: In soft elastic solids, directional shear waves are in general governed by coupled nonlinear KZK-type equations for the two transverse velocity components, when both quadratic nonlinearity and cubic nonlinearity are taken into account. Here we consider spatially two-dimensional wave fields. We propose a change of variables to transform the equations into a quasi-linear first-order system of partial differential equations. Its numerical resolution is then tackled by using a path-conservative MUSCL-Osher finite volume scheme, which is well-suited to the computation of shock waves. We validate the method against analytical solutions (Green's function, plane waves). The results highlight the generation of odd harmonics and of second-order harmonics in a Gaussian shear-wave beam.
A high-frequency radio survey of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Doi, A.
name: Kameno, S.
name: Kohno, K.
name: Nakanishi, K.
name: Inoue, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the high-frequency radio spectra of twenty low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) with compact radio cores. Our millimetre survey with the Nobeyama Millimetre Array (NMA) and analyses of submillimetre archival data that had been obtained with the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) reveal the following properties. At least half of the LLAGNs show inverted spectra between 15 and 96 GHz; we use published data at 15 GHz with the Very Large Array (VLA) in a 0.15-arcsec resolution and our measurements at 96 GHz with the NMA in a 7-arcsec resolution. The inverted spectra are not artificially made due to their unmatched beam sizes, because of little diffuse contamination from dust, H II regions, or extended jets in these LLAGNs. Such high-frequency inverted spectra are apparently consistent with a `submillimetre bump', which is predicted by an advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) model. We find a strong correlation between the high-frequency spectral index and low-frequency core power measured with very-long-baseline-interferometry (VLBI) instruments. The inverted spectra were found exclusively in low-core-power sources, while steep spectra were in high-core-power ones with prominent pc-scale jets. This suggests that the ADAF and nonthermal jets may coexists. The flux ratios between disc and jet seem to be different from LLAGN to LLAGN; disc components can be seen in nuclear radio spectra only if the jets are faint.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
THE DYNAMICS OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND MEASURES OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS
Creators: name: Feng, Hongli
name: Feng, Hongli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: annualization
subject: carbon sequestration
subject: the study period

description: The cost-effectiveness of carbon sequestration alternatives has often been discussed in the economics literature on sequestration. Average or marginal costs and annual carbon supply curves are often used as measures of cost-effectiveness. Sequestration is inherently a temporal process and how time is accounted for in the various measures of cost-effectiveness is critical for appropriate cross-study comparisons. I examine three factors that affect the magnitude of measured cost-effectiveness: the study period, the sequestration path, and the discount rate if discounting is used. The extent to which these factors affect the consistency of cross-study comparisons is empirically illustrated.
ARE ALL TAXES EQUALLY BAD? HOW REDUCING IOWA'S SALES TAX COULD SAVE IOWANS MORE THAN $100 MILLION PER YEAR
Creators: name: Lapan, Harvey E.
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Caruth, Brad
name: Lapan, Harvey E.
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Caruth, Brad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: federal itemized deductions
subject: income tax
subject: sales tax
subject: state budget
subject: tax policy

description: Under current U.S. law, taxpayers can deduct up to 100 percent of their state income taxes from their adjusted gross income when calculating their federal income taxes. As a result, Iowans currently pay approximately $251 million less to the federal government than they would otherwise pay. There is, however, no equivalent stipulation allowing for the deduction of state sales taxes. Consequently, by eliminating the sales tax and replacing the lost revenue with an income-based tax, Iowans could save a substantial amount of money on their federal tax returns without any change in revenue for the Iowa government. Alternatively, by replacing the sales tax with an income-based tax, the State of Iowa could increase its tax revenue without increasing the total tax burden on Iowans. This analysis discusses four specific scenarios, with net benefits to Iowans ranging from $106 million to $157 million per year.
Policy-Induced Technology Adoption: Evidence from the U.S. Lead Phasedown
Creators: name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Newell, Richard G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: technology
subject: adoption
subject: diffusion
subject: environment
subject: regulation
subject: lead
subject: gasoline
subject: tradable permit
subject: incentive-based policy

description: The theory of environmental regulation suggests that economic instruments, such as taxes and tradable permits, create more effective technology adoption incentives than conventional regulatory standards. We explore this issue for an important industry undergoing technological responses to a dramatic decrease in allowed pollution levels - the petroleum industry's phasedown of lead in gasoline. Using a panel of refineries from 1971 to 1995, we provide some of the first direct evidence that alternative policies affect the pattern of adoption in expected ways. Importantly, we find that the tradable permit system used during the lead phasedown provided incentives for more efficient technology adoption decisions. Where environmentally appropriate, this suggests that flexible market-based regulation can achieve environmental goals while providing better incentives for technology diffusion.
Larnax peruviana Hunziker 1977
Creators: name: Deanna, Rocío
name: González, Segundo Leiva
name: Barboza, Gloria E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Larnax
Larnax peruviana

description: Larnax peruviana (Zahlbrukner 1892: 7) Hunziker (1977: 9)
Lectotype (designated here):—[PERU. Cajamarca: Cutervo, La Ramada]. Tambillo, 29 July 1878, C. de Jelski 54 (W 1891-0004186!).
Other original material examined: —[PERU. Cajamarca: Cutervo, La Ramada]. Tambillo, 29 July 1878, C. de Jelski 55 (F 619475!).
The four syntypes housed at B have been destroyed. Nevertheless, a photograph and a fragment of Jelski 55 exist at F (619475; barcode V0072747F) together with a photograph of Jelski 54 (Field Museum Negative #33138). An isosyntype, Jelski 54 (Fig. 15 F), was recovered from W which represents incomplete material with buds, one flower and some fruits in different stages of development. Furthermore, details of an anther, the flowering calyx, the fruit and an open corolla are drawn on the sheet. For this reason, we have selected this material as the lectotype.
description: Published as part of Deanna, Rocío, González, Segundo Leiva & Barboza, Gloria E., 2014, Four new species and eighteen lectotypifications of Larnax from Ecuador and Peru and a new synonym of Deprea orinocensis (Solanaceae: Solanoideae, Physalideae), pp. 1-34 in Phytotaxa 167 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.167.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5153819
The influence of social dynamics on the gestural communication of East African chimpanzees
Creators: name: Badihi, Gal
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chimpanzee
subject: Gesture
subject: Language
subject: Flexibility
subject: Evolution
subject: QL737.P94B2
subject: Chimpanzees--Behavior--Africa, East
subject: Gesture
subject: Animal communication
subject: Social behavior in animals

description: Great apes use gestural communication flexibly and intentionally to request a range of goals across diverse social contexts. The cognitive capacities required for this communication system have been compared to those underlying human language, leading some to suggest a gestural origin to linguistic communication. Both human language and great ape gesture have evolved within rich social systems. Humans adjust their use of language to specific social situations – accommodating to specific recipients or conforming to local dialects. However, the influences of social dynamics on great ape gestural communication remain highly understudied. To address this gap, I explore how individual identity, the relationship between signaller and recipient, and community membership impacts the use of specific gesture units, gesture expression, and the timing of communication across five communities of wild East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). The overall structure of gestural interactions – the timing between signal and response – and the broad repertoire of gesture units was consistent across communities, suggesting that chimpanzees inherit the broad strokes of their communication as a species-typical system. Nevertheless, chimpanzees also conform to community specific preferences for regularly used gesture units and in the expression of specific gesture shapes. Signallers used different gesture units and gesture shapes depending on their social relationship to the recipient – most notably their kinship and sex relationships. Recipients also adjusted their latency to respond to specific signallers, responding faster to individuals with whom they shared weaker (less predictable) social bonds. Like humans, chimpanzees appear to conform to local dialects and adjust their gesture communication to accommodate specific communicative partners. These findings reveal previously hidden layers of social cognition used by chimpanzees during gestural communication; the decisions they make, and the distinct roles that signallers and recipients play when entering a gestural interaction.
Scarcity and Growth in the New Millennium: Summary
Creators: name: Simpson, R. David
name: Toman, Michael
name: Ayres, Robert U.
name: Simpson, R. David
name: Toman, Michael
name: Ayres, Robert U.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: history of economic thought
subject: technological change
subject: renewable resources and economy

description: In their 1963 classic Scarcity and Growth Howard Barnett and Chandler Morse argued that resource scarcity did not threaten economic growth. A second investigation in the late 1970s, Scarcity and Growth Reconsidered, reached largely the same conclusion. The 25 years since that work was published have witnessed many developments. The message of Scarcity and Growth that depletion of market resources was not a problem has given way to a concern that "new scarcities" of environmental quality, global climate, and biological diversity are emerging. Resources for the Future recently assembled a distinguished group of international scholars to again address scarcity and growth. This paper describes their charge and summarizes their findings. Technological progress may hold the key to overcoming the scarcity of environmental resources. Market forces may not be enough to motivate the required innovations, which must instead be social and institutional as well as technical and will be constrained by interlinking complexities.
Liquid-vapor interface of a polydisperse fluid
Creators: name: Buzzacchi, Matteo
name: Wilding, Nigel B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation study of the liquid-vapor interface of a model fluid exhibiting polydispersity in terms of the particle size $σ$. The bulk density distribution, $ρ^0(σ)$, of the system is controlled by the imposed chemical potential distribution $μ(σ)$. We choose the latter such that $ρ^0(σ)$ assumes a Schulz form with associated degree of polydispersity $\approx 14%$. By introducing a smooth attractive wall, a planar liquid-vapor interface is formed for bulk state points within the region of liquid-vapor coexistence. Owing to fractionation, the pure liquid phase is enriched in large particles, with respect to the coexisting vapor. We investigate how the spatial non-uniformity of the density near the liquid-vapor interface affects the evolution of the local distribution of particle sizes between the limiting pure phase forms. We find (as previously predicted by density functional theory, Bellier-Castella {\em et al}, Phys. Rev. {\bf E65}, 021503 (2002)) a segregation of smaller particles to the interface. The magnitude of this effect is quantified for various $σ$ via measurements of the relative adsorption. Additionally, we consider the utility of various estimators for the interfacial width and highlight the difficulties of isolating the intrinsic contribution of polydispersity to this width.
description: 9 pages, 10 Figs
Almost certain loss from black holes: critical comments on the black hole final state proposal
Creators: name: Lee, Dong Jin
name: Yeom, Dong-han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we critically revisit the Horowitz-Maldacena proposal and its generalization by Lloyd. In the original proposal, as well as in Lloyd's generalization, Hawking radiation involves a pair of maximally entangled quantum states in which the ingoing partner state and the collapsed matter form either a maximally entangled pair or a Schmidt decomposed random state near the singularity. We point out that the unitary matrix introduced in Lloyd's fidelity calculation depends on initial matter states; hence, his result on the high average fidelity may not represent an almost unitary evolution. In opposition to Lloyd's conclusion, when we do not include the state-dependent unitary matrix for the fidelity computation, we analytically and numerically confirm that information will almost certainly be lost because the fidelity will approach zero as the degrees of freedom increase.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 3 of Content validity and psychometric evaluation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scale in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Creators: name: Eek, Daniel
name: Ivanescu, Cristina
name: Corredoira, Laura
name: Meyers, Oren
name: Cella, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3 : Supplemental File 3. Factor loadings for the bifactor model of the FACIT-Fatigue.
Project-Based Mechanisms for Emissions Reductions: Balancing Trade-offs with Baselines
Creators: name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Fischer, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Climate policy
subject: Clean Development Mechanism
subject: baselines
subject: asymmetric information
subject: offsets
subject: emissions reduction
subject: tradable emissions permits

description: Project-based mechanisms for emissions reductions credits, like the Clean Development Mechanism, pose important challenges for policy design because of several inherent characteristics. Participation is voluntary, so it will not occur without sufficient credits. Evaluating reductions requires assigning an emissions baseline for a counterfactual that cannot be measured. Some investments have both economic and environmental benefits and might occur anyway. Uncertainty surrounds both emissions and investment returns, and parties to the project are likely to have more information than the certifying authority. The certifying agent is limited in its ability to design a contract that would reveal investment intentions. As a result, rules for benchmarking emissions may be systematically biased to overallocate, and they also risk creating inefficient investment incentives. This paper evaluates, in a situation with asymmetric information, the efficacy of the main baseline rules currently under consideration: historical emissions, an average industry emissions standard, and expected emissions.
Reply to Comment on "Surprises in threshold antikaon-nucleon physics"
Creators: name: Oller, Jose A.
name: Prades, Joaquim
name: Verbeni, Michela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In their Comment, Borasoy et al. [arXiv:hep-ph/0512279], criticize our results [PRL 95 (2005) 172502] that accommodate both scattering data and the new accurate measurement by DEAR of the shift and width of kaonic hydrogen. In our calculations we have employed unitary chiral perturbation theory (UCHPT). We discuss why their arguments are irrelevant or do not hold.
description: 1 page