cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quark-antiquark confinement and nonlinear electrodynamics
Creators: name: Mazharimousavi, S. Habib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cornell potential is known to represent the quark-antiquark confinement interaction. In addition to the Cornell potential, there have been other interactions in the literature that demonstrate confining structure in the quark-antiquark system. Guendelman has proposed a nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) model which results in electric potential in the form of Cornell interaction. In this study, we propose two NED models whose electric potential is in the form of two other confining potentials. We also study the coupling of gravity to one of these models which are in the form of a correction to linear Maxwell's theory. We find spacetime which can be a black hole or a naked singular particle. In the zeroth approximation, we examine the circular speed of a distant test particle orbiting the central black hole. The Newtonian potential due to the spacetime at the location of the distant particle possesses an additional term proportional to the NED parameter. Due to the presence of such a term, the speed-radius curve gets improved from the pure Reissner-Nordstrom. It is a kind of weaker confinement acting on distant parts of a galaxy due to a supermassive central black hole.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B (in press)
title: Effect of Spring Grazing by Cattle on Growth and Survival of Shrub Seedlings Interplanted in Crested Wheatgrass
Creators: name: McConville, Lynn M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: A short duration-high intensity grazing trial was conducted in spring of 1985 to determine whether shrub establishment in crested wheatgrass pastures could be enhanced through spring grazing by cattle, or by fertilization of shrub seedlings. Data was collected on diet selection by cattle during spring grazing, and on subsequent shrub growth and survival. Shrubs studied were transplants of sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata, fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens, bitterbrush, Purshia tridentata, and one year old bitterbrush seedlings.
Cattle did not browse sagebrush or fourwing saltbush transplants, but utilization of bitterbrush transplants and seedlings averaged 15 and 42 percent, respectively. Shrub selection by cattle was unaffected by grazing pressure or fertilization.
Fertilization increased growth of sagebrush transplants but had no effect on survival. Trampling of shrubs was greater than anticipated. Trampling reduced growth in sagebrush, and reduced survival of both bitterbrush and sagebrush transplants. Browsing reduced growth of bitterbrush seedlings, but increased growth and survival of bitterbrush transplants. Despite adverse effects from trampling and browsing on some shrubs, the overall effect of spring grazing of crested wheatgrass by cattle was to enhance establishment of fourwing saltbush and bitterbrush transplants. Spring grazing had no measurable effect on establishment of sagebrush transplants or on survival of one year old bitterbrush seedlings.
Cosmic backreaction and the mean redshift drift from symbolic regression
Creators: name: Koksbang, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of obtaining symbolic expressions for cosmic backreaction is explored through a case study of so-called 2-region models. By using the publicly available symbolic regression algorithm AI Feynman, it is shown that the kinematical backreaction from a single 2-region model can be well described as a function of the mean redshift (or, equivalently, the volume averaged scale factor). A single expression depending on the redshift/scale factor as well as a model parameter, $f$, that can accurately describe the backreaction for a significant range of models is naturally more complicated but is also achieved with percent-level accuracy. \newline\indent Data sets of redshift drift in the 2-region models are also considered. Again utilizing AI Feynman, expressions for the redshift drift are found. In particular, an expression for the difference between the mean redshift drift and the drift of the mean redshift in terms of the kinematical backreaction is easily obtained for a single 2-region model. An accurate symbolic expression that describes this difference for an array of 2-region models is achieved by using the redshift as a feature instead of the kinematical backreaction.
description: 20 pages incl. 16 captioned figures. Accepted for publication in PRD. v2: Updated bibliography. No other changes
P-odd and CP-odd Four-Quark Contributions to Neutron EDM
Creators: name: An, Haipeng
name: Ji, Xiangdong
name: Xu, Fanrong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a class of beyond-standard-model theories, CP-odd observables, such as the neutron electric dipole moment, receive significant contributions from flavor-neutral P-odd and CP-odd four-quark operators. However, considerable uncertainties exist in the hadronic matrix elements of these operators strongly affecting the experimental constraints on CP-violating parameters in the theories. Here we study their hadronic matrix elements in combined chiral perturbation theory and nucleon models. We first classify the operators in chiral representations and present the leading-order QCD evolutions. We then match the four-quark operators to the corresponding ones in chiral hadronic theory, finding symmetry relations among the matrix elements. Although this makes lattice QCD calculations feasible, we choose to estimate the non-perturbative matching coefficients in simple quark models. We finally compare the results for the neutron electric dipole moment and P-odd and CP-odd pion-nucleon couplings with the previous studies using naive factorization and QCD sum rules. Our study shall provide valuable insights on the present hadronic physics uncertainties in these observables.
description: 40 pages, 7 figures. This is the final version. A discussion of the uncertainty of the calculation is added
Red Magic by Michel de Ghelderode : a production analysis and record
Creators: name: Irwin, Michael John Richard Carlyon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Red Magic is a play in three acts by Michel de Ghelderode. As part of this thesis, it was directed by Michael Irwin and produced on November 2-5, 1966, at the Frederic Wood Studio Theatre on the campus of the University of British Columbia. This written thesis is an analysis of the play in preparation for, and a record of that production. It is divided into three sections. The first section is a discussion in essay form of the author, the play, and the production. Pertinent biographical information about the author is followed by a discussion of the characteristics of his plays as they appear in Red Magic. The play itself is analysed as to plot, theme, dialogue, character, relevence to our time, playwright's intent, type of universe depicted, and forces at work behind the action. Because there are available no published interpretations of Red Magic, this part is limited to the director's interpretation. A specific approach to the style of production and to the solution of problems follows. A bibliography completes the essay section. The second section is the specific analysis of the script. Opposite the pages of script appear analytical notes for each French scene under the following headings: Purpose, Actions, Dominant Emotions, Character Dominance, Mood, Rhythmic Image, Shape, Staging, Difficulties, Mechanical Problems and Beats. In the text on the facing pages are shown the scene divisions, cuts, blocking, beat divisions, lighting and sound cues, and some stage directions. The script is preceded by important facts and acknowledgements about the production, a cost breakdown, a box office report, and keys to understanding the analytical information and the symbols used in the text . Complete lighting, sound, property and costume plots follow the script. The third and final section consists of the material record of the production. Costume sketches are followed by a rendering of the set and photographs in colour of the actual production. Following these are samples of the program and newspaper reviews. Lastly, the blueprints of the ground plan and construction drawings are included as foldouts.
Improved modelling of helium and tritium production for spallation targets
Creators: name: Leray, S.
name: Boudard, A.
name: Cugnon, J.
name: David, J. C.
name: Kelic-Heil, A.
name: Mancusi, D.
name: Ricciardi, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reliable predictions of light charged particle production in spallation reactions are important to correctly assess gas production in spallation targets. In particular, the helium production yield is important for assessing damage in the window separating the accelerator vacuum from a spallation target, and tritium is a major contributor to the target radioactivity. Up to now, the models available in the MCNPX transport code, including the widely used default option Bertini-Dresner and the INCL4.2-ABLA combination of models, were not able to correctly predict light charged particle yields. The work done recently on both the intranuclear cascade model INCL4, in which cluster emission through a coalescence process has been introduced, and on the de-excitation model ABLA allows correcting these deficiencies. This paper shows that the coalescence emission plays an important role in the tritium and $^3He$ production and that the combination of the newly developed versions of the codes, INCL4.5-ABLA07, now lead to good predictions of both helium and tritium cross sections over a wide incident energy range. Comparisons with other available models are also presented.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
Machine learning cosmic backreaction and its effects on observations
Creators: name: Koksbang, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symbolic expressions for cosmic backreaction and mean redshift drift in a range of 2-region models in terms of average quantities are presented. The demonstration that these expressions can be obtained constitutes the opening of a new avenue towards understanding the effects of cosmic backreaction in our universe: With a symbolic expression for the redshift drift at hand, the redshift drift can be used to constrain cosmological parameters including the large-scale expansion rate and backreaction. In addition, by introducing symbolic expressions for cosmic backreaction, this quantity can be constrained with observations such as redshift-distance measures.
description: 6 pages, 3 captioned figures. Accepted for publication in PRL. v2: Updated reference list. No other changes
Individual differences in knowledge network navigation
Creators: name: Zhu, Manran
name: Yasseri, Taha
name: Kertész, János
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the rapid accumulation of online information, efficient web navigation has grown vital yet challenging. To create an easily navigable cyberspace catering to diverse demographics, understanding how people navigate differently is paramount. While previous research has unveiled individual differences in spatial navigation, such differences in knowledge space navigation remain sparse. To bridge this gap, we conducted an online experiment where participants played a navigation game on Wikipedia and completed personal information questionnaires. Our analysis shows that age negatively affects knowledge space navigation performance, while multilingualism enhances it. Under time pressure, participants' performance improves across trials and males outperform females, an effect not observed in games without time pressure. In our experiment, successful route-finding is usually not related to abilities of innovative exploration of routes. Our results underline the importance of age, multilingualism and time constraint in the knowledge space navigation.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
title: The Influence of Organic Matter and pH on Transformations of Nitrites to Elemental Nitrogen
Creators: name: Rashid, Mohammad A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1966

description: Nitrogen occupies an important and prominent place in plant and animal nutrition. Large quantities are required by plants and must be available in the soil. Recently the use of nitrogenous fertilizers has increased manyfold. In view of the importance of this element in crop production, even greater use is anticipated in the coming years. In order to make full use of the applied nitrogen, continued investigations of soil-nitrogen relationship are imperative; however, this element presents many complex and challenging problems to investigators.
General Split Helicity Gluon Tree Amplitudes in Open Twistor String Theory
Creators: name: Dolan, Louise
name: Goddard, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate all split helicity gluon tree amplitudes in open twistor string theory. We show that these amplitudes satisfy the BCFW recurrence relations restricted to the split helicity case and, hence, that these amplitudes agree with those of gauge theory. To do this we make a particular choice of the sextic constraints in the link variables that determine the poles contributing to the contour integral expression for the amplitudes. Using the residue theorem to re-express this integral in terms of contributions from poles at rational values of the link variables, which we determine, we evaluate the amplitudes explicitly, regaining the gauge theory results of Britto et al.
description: 30 pages, minor misprints corrected
title: Wood and Forage Production in Cleared and Thinned Dry Tropical Woodland: Implications to Goat Nutrition
Creators: name: Schacht, Walter H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: Wood for firewood, fence posts and construction material and forage for domestic livestock are key resources in the caatinga vegetation zone of northeastern Brazil. This experiment was designed as a preliminary assessment of thinned caatinga as the basis of a production system which optimizes forage and wood production. Two levels of thinning (25% and 55% tree canopy cover) were compared to cleared (0% tree canopy cover) and undisturbed (95% tree canopy cover) caatinga in terms of forage and wood production and goat nutrition.
Clearing and thinning of caatinga vegetation resulted in higher amounts of available forage through the wet ·season and up to the time of leaf fall. After leaf fall, total available forage was similar for all four treatments.
Dietary selection differed among the treatments only in February and May, when goats on treated pastures selected higher amounts of herbaceous vegetation than those on control pastures. Herbaceous vegetation was the primary dietary constituent on treated pastures throughout the wet season. During mid to late dry season, when herbaceous vegetation was dead and leaf:stem ratios were low, browse was consistently selected at high levels. Nutrient content of diets were not different among treatments, but forage and digestible energy intakes were higher (P
Due to lack of wood production on cleared plots from an intact tree component, total aboveground biomass production for the cleared treatment was 30% less than that for the control and about 25% less than that for the two thinned treatments. Overall, cleared and thinned treatments had similar positive forage and animal responses but thinned treatments had the added benefit of an intact tree canopy producing valuable wood.
The dry season has been identified as the most critical time of the year for livestock due to low forage availability and quality resulting in weight losses and mortality. Results of this study indicated that either supplementation or increased availability of nutritious forage would be necessary for goats to continue to grow beyond the first half of the dry season. Thinning may be a means of increasing the availability of nutritious forage.
RambaZamba
Creators: name: Höhne, Jacob
name: Höhne, Gisela
Publisher: name: DARIAH-DE
Year: 2023
Subjects: Germany
Berlin
Theatre Group

description: RambaZamba was founded by Gisela Höhne and Klaus Erforth in 1990 as a part of the Sonnenuhr e.V. association (which is now RambaZamba e.V). RambaZamba’s first premier took place in 1991. Since 1992, the theatre group has its permanent stage and practices at the Kulturbrauerei in Berlin. Currently, about up to eight premieres and 100 further performances are shown on two stages in one playing season.
Furthermore, the RambaZamba ensemble regularly does guest performances around Germany and other countries. The theatre also has an atelier at its disposal, where artists with disabilities can work and exhibit, and respectively sell their art. Since 2008, RambaZamba cooperates with a workshop for people with disabilities, namely the VIA Blumenfisch GmbH. This enables RambaZamba’s actors and actresses to have safe jobs and gives them the opportunity to work at the theater on a full- time basis. The theater is funded by the Berlin Senate Department for Culture and Europe.
From the playing season 2009/ 10 until 2016/ 17 Gisela Höhne was the sole artistic director of the theater. In 2017/ 18, Jacob Höhne took over and became the theater’s manager and artistic director. The RZA (RambaZamba Agentur) is a casting agency that is a part of the RambaZamba e.V. The RZA introduces actors and actresses with disability to movie productions or television productions. Next to the training RZA coaches and looks after their actors on set.
Awards
- Förderpreis für Darstellende Kunst of the Akademie der Künste Berlin for the Ensemble Gisela Höhne (1996).
- Sonderpreis der Jury of the Festival Politik im Freien Theater for “Medea – Der tödliche Wettbewerb”, Regie Höhne (1999).
- Deutscher Kinderkulturpreis from the Deutschen Kinderhilfswerk e.V. (1999).
- Kulturpreis der B.Z. for both directors (2004).
- Förderpreis des Lessing- Preises für Kritik (2012).
- Caroline- Neuber- Preis of the city of Leipzig for the direction and artistic management of Gisela Höhne (2014).
- Finalistenpreis Roman Herzog Preis (2018).
title: Potentiometric Titration of Sulfate Using A Lead-Mercury Amalgam Indicator Electrode
Creators: name: Robbins, Charles W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: A lead sensitive indicator electrode was constructed with a 70 percent lead and 30 percent mercury amalgam billet. Sulfate concentrations in pure solutions, natural waters, and soil saturation extracts were determined potentiometrically using the lead-mercury amalgam indicator electrode and a standard calomel reference electrode. Sulfate concentrations over the range 0.4 to 20 milliequivalents sulfate per liter were determined with an automatic titrator and compared to a turbidimetric method for accuracy and precision. The values obtained by the two methods from twelve saturation extracts and three subsurface drainage waters were not significantly different and the potentiometric method was generally more precise. The automatic sulfate titration method has the advantages of increased sensitivity and speed.
Theater Brût
Creators: name: Bruckner, Gerhard
Publisher: name: DARIAH-DE
Year: 2023
Subjects: Passau
Theatre Group
Germany

description: Theater Brût was founded in 1999 by theater educationalist Gerhard Bruckner and eleven actors with mental disabilities who live in the residential units of the association "Lebenshilfe Passau." Lebenshilfe Passau, public funding, and private donations finance the project.
The very characteristics of the actors and their traits are the basis and the trigger for creative processes. Through improvisation and scenic exploration of autobiographical elements of the actors, Theater Brût creates pieces that are later performed.
The main goal is to produce high-quality artistic theater pieces with a message that will endure with their message outside the context of "disability." Theater Brût stands for exploiting one's creative potential and bringing it to the stage; in short, the passion for theater.
The group meets for weekly rehearsals in which they deal with a previously agreed theme using the methods of playful improvisation, mask-making, and object theater. The public performances are a great motivation for the actors to stay focused and work on long-term projects.

Gerhard Bruckner organizes workshops on "Introduction to theater work with people with mental disabilities" and "Mask building." Furthermore, he has a teaching assignment for "School Play/Scenic Play" at the University of Passau.
In 1999, Theater Brût began with a mask performance in which the actors transformed themselves into whimsical, peculiar, and ragged creatures through self-designed masks and matching costumes. The same year, they presented their mask performance at the "Ökofest" festival in Passau. In 2002, they awarded the media prize "Bobby" of the Bundesvereinigung der Lebenshilfe to Dr. Peter Radtke.
The group's tragicomedy "Muuuh!" was first performed in 2015 and was the last major project of the group so far. It is mainly based on texts by Georg Paulmichl.
Theater Brût has been invited to numerous national and international theater festivals in Germany and Austria (e.g. Kultur vom Rande, Reutlingen; Ganz besonderes Theaterfestival, Landau/Pfalz; Spleen, Graz; WALSER HERBST, Vorarlberg und grenzgänger-Theaterfestival, München).
Detection and evolution of the CO (v = 2) emission in nova V2615 Ophiuchi (2007)
Creators: name: Das, Ramkrishna
name: Banerjee, Dipankar P. K.
name: Ashok, N. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared (1 - 2.5 micron) spectroscopic and photometric results of Nova V2615 Ophiuchi which was discovered in outburst in 2007 March. Our observations span a period of ~ 80 days starting from 2007 March 28 when the nova was at its maximum light. The evolution of the spectra are shown from the initial P-Cygni phase to an emission-line phase and finally to a dust formation stage. The characteristics of the JHK spectra are very similar to those observed in a nova outburst occurring on a carbon-oxygen white dwarf. We analyse an observed line at 2.088 micron and suggest it could be due to FeII excited by Lyman alpha fluorescence. The highlight of the observations is the detection of the first overtone bands of carbon monoxide (CO) in the 2.29 - 2.40 micron region. The CO bands are modeled to estimate the temperature and mass of the emitting CO gas and also to place limits on the 12C/13C ratio. The CO bands are recorded over several epochs thereby allowing a rare opportunity to study its evolution from a phase of constant strength through a stage when the CO is destroyed fairly rapidly. We compare the observed timescales involved in the evolution of the CO emission and find a good agreement with model predictions that investigate the chemistry in a nova outflow during the early stages.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. Accepted in MNRAS
title: A Cultural Topography of the Sovereign Citizens Movement: Are They a Terrorist Threat?
Creators: name: Biery, Piper Blotter
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: This thesis analyzes the Sovereign Citizens Movement—considered a domestic terrorist organization by the FBI— to determine if the label “terrorist organization” is appropriately applied, and then to assess the effectiveness of government protocols. The Sovereign Citizens Movement is a loose organization of individuals who adhere to an anti-government ideology. In most cases their actions are limited to fraudulent activity; however there have been individuals who resorted to violence in their engagements with government officials. This thesis concludes that the label “terrorist organization” does not describe the movement well, but that it is more likely that some individuals extrapolate the ideology and choose violence on their own, making them lone-wolf terrorists. Another conclusion of this thesis is that there needs to be a regular set of protocols established for all government agencies for interacting with Sovereigns. The method created by Rob Finch and Kory Flowers, which incorporates both law enforcement officials and legal professionals, provides the most effective way to interact with Sovereigns.
Resonance Raman and optical dephasing study of HITCI
Creators: name: Kummrow, A.
name: Ashworth, S.H.
name: Lenz, K.
Publisher: name: Routledge : Taylor and Francis Inc.
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Fluorescence
subject: HITCI
subject: Line shape analysis
subject: Resonance Raman
subject: Ultrafast spectroscopy
subject: 530

description: Line shape analysis based on resonance Raman spectra of HITCI is used to determine the details of the vibrational part of the line broadening function. Forced Light Scattering with 20 fs pulses from a Ti: sapphire laser measured optical dephasing probing with an Ar+ laser. The observed response is well described by the line broadening function derived from the fluorescence line shape.
title: Aggressive Drivers View Traffic Differently Capital Beltway Focus Groups Find [Traffic Tech]
title: Traffic Tech: Technology Transfer Series: Aggressive Drivers View Traffic Differently Capital Beltway Focus Groups Find
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Publisher: name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04gcfqs37
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1998
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91711
subject: Focus groups
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90683
subject: Crash causes
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91756
subject: Problem drivers
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90601
subject: Traffic safety
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91870
subject: Aggression
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91863
subject: Behavior
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91755
subject: High risk drivers
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91757
subject: Reckless drivers
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90686
subject: Speeding
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88487
subject: Tailgating

description: Converted from HTML to PDF
description: Beginning in 1993, a series of major crashes on the Washington Capital Beltway focused Federal, State, and local attention on the need to further improve safety on this 64-mile interstate facility. Since then, a number of improvements have been made.The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) supported the Capital Beltway Safety Team by conducting a series of studies examining crashes and assessing motorist's perceptions of the conditions on the Beltway (See Traffic Tech 124, May 1996).
Photodynamic therapy influence on anti-cancer immunity
Creators: name: Isaeva, O. G.
name: Osipov, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The system of partial differential equations describing tumor-immune dynamics with angiogenesis taken into account is presented. For spatially homogeneous case, the steady state analysis of the model is carried out. The effects of single photodynamic impact are numerically simulated. In the case of strong immune response we found that the photodynamic therapy (PDT) gives rise to the substantial shrinkage of tumor size which is accompanied by the increase of interleukin-2 concentration. On the contrary, the photodynamic stimulation of weak immune response is shown to be insufficient to reduce the tumor. These findings indicate the important role of anti-cancer immune response in the long-term tumor control after PDT.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
title: Integrated Capabilities in Heavy Vehicles: Human Factors Research Needs [Summary Report]
Creators: name: Federal Highway Administration
Publisher: name: Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04edx5729
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1998
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89699
subject: Intelligent transportation systems
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89348
subject: Crash avoidance systems
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89607
subject: Driver information systems
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93227
subject: Commercial vehicles

description: As part of the U.S. Department of Transportation's Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) program, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) investigated the human factors research needs for integrating in-vehicle safety and driver information technologies into usable systems that provide manageable information to the driver. This investigation included a workshop in December 1997 for IVI stakeholders (i.e., universities, automotive manufacturers, vendors, and contractors) and a preliminary assessment of infrastructure and in-vehicle requirements. This flyer summarizes the identified human factors research needs for integrated in-vehicle systems for Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO), one of five configurations of in-vehicle safety and driver information systems. A complete review of the research needs for all five configurations can be found in the final report (FHWA-RD-98-178). These configurations were developed based on: (1) identified safety and driver information systems and functions; (2) a thorough literature review of past research and research gaps related to these in-vehicle systems; and (3) combining logical groups of basic and advanced safety and driver information functions in passenger cars, commercial trucks, and transit vehicles such as buses. Each candidate configuration was meant to provide clear safety benefits to the driver as well as a solid technical foundation for the system configurations for the IVI. The goal of the configuration described below is to provide an integrated set of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technologies for drivers of commercial or heavy vehicles.
Silicon Isotopes in an EMIC's Ocean: Sensitivity to Runoff, Iron Supply, and Climate
Creators: name: Dietze, H.
name: Löptien, U.
name: Hordoir, R.
name: Heinemann, M.
name: Huiskamp, W.
name: Schneider, B.
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: biogeochemical modeling
subject: Earth System Model
subject: Last Glacial Maximum
subject: ocean
subject: sediment
subject: silicon isotopes
subject: 550

description: The isotopic composition of Si in biogenic silica (BSi), such as opal buried in the oceans' sediments, has changed over time. Paleorecords suggest that the isotopic composition, described in terms of d30Si, was generally much lower during glacial times than today. There is consensus that this variability is attributable to differing environmental conditions at the respective time of BSi production and sedimentation. The detailed links between environmental conditions and the isotopic composition of BSi in the sediments remain, however, poorly constrained. In this study, we explore the effects of a suite of offset boundary conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) on the isotopic composition of BSi archived in sediments in an Earth System Model of intermediate complexity (EMIC). Our model results suggest that a change in the isotopic composition of Si supply to the glacial ocean is sufficient to explain the observed overall low(er) glacial d30Si in BSi. All other processes explored trigger model responses of either wrong sign or magnitude or are inconsistent with a recent estimate of bottom water oxygenation in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Caveats, mainly associated with generic uncertainties in today's pelagic biogeochemical modules, remain. © 2020. The Authors.
Redetermination of terbium scandate, revealing a defect-type perovskite derivative
Creators: name: Veličkov, B.
name: Kahlenberg, V.
name: Bertram, R.
name: Uecker, R.
Publisher: name: Chester : International Union of Crystallography
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crystal structure
subject: Chemistry
subject: Crystallography
subject: 540

description: The crystal structure of terbium(III) scandate(III), with ideal formula TbScO3, has been reported previously on the basis of powder diffraction data [Liferovich & Mitchell (2004). J. Solid State Chem. 177, 2188-2197]. The current data were obtained from single crystals grown by the Czochralski method and show an improvement in the precision of the geometric parameters. Moreover, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry studies resulted in a nonstoichiometric composition of the title compound. Site-occupancy refinements based on diffraction data support the idea of a Tb deficiency on the A site (inducing O defects on the O2 position). The crystallochemical formula of the investigated sample thus may be written as A(0.04Tb0.96) BScO2.94. In the title compound, Tb occupies the eightfold- coordinated sites (site symmetry m) and Sc the centres of corner-sharing [ScO6] octa-hedra (site symmetry ). The mean bond lengths and site distortions fit well into the data of the remaining lanthanoid scandates in the series from DyScO3 to NdScO3. A linear structural evolution with the size of the lanthanoid from DyScO3 to NdScO3 can be predicted.
Geometric structures of Morris-Thorne wormhole metric in $f(R,L_m)$ gravity and energy conditions
Creators: name: Venkatesha, V.
name: Kavya, N. S.
name: Sahoo, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this manuscript is to study the traversable wormhole (WH) geometries in the curvature matter coupling gravity. We investigate static spherically symmetric Morris-Thorne WHs within the context of $f(R,L_m)$ gravity. To accomplish this, we examine the WH model in four different cases (i) linear $f(R,L_m)$ model, $f(R,L_m)=αR+βL_m$ with anisotropic matter distribution having the relation $p_r=m p_t$ (ii) linear $f(R,L_m)$ model having anisotropic matter distribution along with the equation of state parameter, $p_r=ωρ$, (iii) non-linear model $f(R,L_m)=\dfrac{1}{2}R+L_m^η$ with specific form of energy density and (iv) non-linear $f(R,L_m)$ model, $f(R,L_m)=\dfrac{1}{2}R+(1+ξR)L_m$ with isotropic matter distribution and having the linear relation between pressure and energy density, $p=ωρ$. Additionally, in the latter case, we consider a specific power-law shape function $b(r)=r_0 \left(\dfrac{r_0}{r}\right)^n$. Furthermore, we analyze the energy conditions for each WH model to verify their physical viability. As a novel outcome, we can see the validation of the null energy condition for the $f(R,L_m)$ model that suggests ruling out the necessity of exotic matter for the traversability of the WH. At last, an embedding diagram for each model is illustrated that describes the WH geometry.
description: Physica Scripta accepted version
Comment on "Topological stability of the half-vortices in spinor exciton-polariton condensates"
Creators: name: Solano, M. Toledo
name: Rubo, Yuri G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that recent paper by Flayac et al. [Phys. Rev. B 81, 045318 (2010) and arXiv:0911.1650] is misleading. We demonstrate the existence of static half-quantum vortices in exciton-polariton condensates and calculate the warping of their polarization texture produced by TE-TM splitting of polariton band.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. More material was added (in particular, on the current flow).
Design, Integration, and Field Evaluation of a Robotic Blossom Thinning System for Tree Fruit Crops
Creators: name: Bhattarai, Uddhav
name: Zhang, Qin
name: Karkee, Manoj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The US apple industry relies heavily on semi-skilled manual labor force for essential field operations such as training, pruning, blossom and green fruit thinning, and harvesting. Blossom thinning is one of the crucial crop load management practices to achieve desired crop load, fruit quality, and return bloom. While several techniques such as chemical, and mechanical thinning are available for large-scale blossom thinning such approaches often yield unpredictable thinning results and may cause damage the canopy, spurs, and leaf tissue. Hence, growers still depend on laborious, labor intensive and expensive manual hand blossom thinning for desired thinning outcomes. This research presents a robotic solution for blossom thinning in apple orchards using a computer vision system with artificial intelligence, a six degrees of freedom robotic manipulator, and an electrically actuated miniature end-effector for robotic blossom thinning. The integrated robotic system was evaluated in a commercial apple orchard which showed promising results for targeted and selective blossom thinning. Two thinning approaches, center and boundary thinning, were investigated to evaluate the system ability to remove varying proportion of flowers from apple flower clusters. During boundary thinning the end effector was actuated around the cluster boundary while center thinning involved end-effector actuation only at the cluster centroid for a fixed duration of 2 seconds. The boundary thinning approach thinned 67.2% of flowers from the targeted clusters with a cycle time of 9.0 seconds per cluster, whereas center thinning approach thinned 59.4% of flowers with a cycle time of 7.2 seconds per cluster. When commercially adopted, the proposed system could help address problems faced by apple growers with current hand, chemical, and mechanical blossom thinning approaches.
description: Accepted for publication in the Journal of Field Robotics
High-speed knots in the hourglass shaped planetary nebula Hubble 12
Creators: name: Vaytet, N. M. H.
name: Rushton, A. P.
name: Lloyd, M.
name: López, J. A.
name: Meaburn, J.
name: O'Brien, T. J.
name: Mitchell, D. L.
name: Pollacco, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed kinematical analysis of the young compact hourglass-shaped planetary nebula Hb 12. We performed optical imaging and longslit spectroscopy of Hb 12 using the Manchester echelle spectrometer with the 2.1m San Pedro Martir telescope. We reveal, for the first time, the presence of end caps (or knots) aligned with the bipolar lobes of the planetary nebula shell in a deep [NII]6584 image of Hb 12. We measured from our spectroscopy radial velocities of 120 km/s for these knots. We have derived the inclination angle of the hourglass shaped nebular shell to be 65 degrees to the line of sight. It has been suggested that Hb 12's central star system is an eclipsing binary (Hsia et al. 2006) which would imply a binary inclination of at least 80 degrees. However, if the central binary has been the major shaping influence on the nebula then both nebula and binary would be expected to share a common inclination angle. Finally, we report the discovery of high-velocity knots with Hubble-type velocities, close to the core of Hb 12, observed in Halpha and oriented in the same direction as the end caps. Very different velocities and kinematical ages were calculated for the outer and inner knots showing that they may originate from different outburst events.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Impact of extreme weather conditions on European crop production in 2018
Creators: name: Beillouin, Damien
name: Schauberger, Bernhard
name: Bastos, Ana
name: Ciais, Phillipe
name: Makowski, David
Publisher: name: London : Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: climate extremes
subject: crop yields
subject: drought
subject: random forest
subject: wheat
subject: yield anomalies
subject: 570

description: Extreme weather increases the risk of large-scale crop failure. The mechanisms involved are complex and intertwined, hence undermining the identification of simple adaptation levers to help improve the resilience of agricultural production. Based on more than 82 000 yield data reported at the regional level in 17 European countries, we assess how climate affected the yields of nine crop species. Using machine learning models, we analyzed historical yield data since 1901 and then focus on 2018, which has experienced a multiplicity and a diversity of atypical extreme climatic conditions. Machine learning models explain up to 65% of historical yield anomalies. We find that both extremes in temperature and precipitation are associated with negative yield anomalies, but with varying impacts in different parts of Europe. In 2018, Northern and Eastern Europe experienced multiple and simultaneous crop failures - among the highest observed in recent decades. These yield losses were associated with extremely low rainfalls in combination with high temperatures between March and August 2018. However, the higher than usual yields recorded in Southern Europe - caused by favourable spring rainfall conditions - nearly offset the large decrease in Northern European crop production. Our results outline the importance of considering single and compound climate extremes to analyse the causes of yield losses in Europe. We found no clear upward or downward trend in the frequency of extreme yield losses for any of the considered crops between 1990 and 2018. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'. © 2020 The Authors.
title: Modeling Spring Wheat Production as Influenced by Climate and Irrigation
Creators: name: Rasmussen, V. Philip
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1976

description: A model has been developed that predicts spring wheat grain and dry matter yield. Preliminary tests show very favorable results when predicting grain yield in two different climatic regimes, one being a dryland and another being an irrigated area. The strenghts of the model lie in its simplicity, relatively available input data, and low computer processing time cost. Weakness of the model stem from the assumptions that allow its simplicity. The basic assumption in the model is that grain and dry matter yield can be related to the ratio of actual to potential transpiration, computed for each of five phenological stages. Actual and potential evapotranspiration, transpiration, and soil evaporation are obtained in the model by numerical operations on a potential evapotranspiration/potential soil evaporation array obtained by empirical formulae or pan data, and a modified crop coefficient. Soil water status is monitored in the model by taking into account the balance of irrigation, drainage, precipitation, soil water storage and evapotranspiration. Phenological data is computed by a simple numerical formula utilizing maximum and minimum temperatures during the season. Good agreement was found in comparing predicted versus actual heading date for four varieties over four different years.
A field study was carried out to aid in model calibration and testing. A continuous variable plot design, with two replications of each of five spring wheat varieties (two soft whit spring wheats and three hard red spring wheats)> This allowed a large number of data points to be measured that related yield to many water levels within the soil. Although this design leads to difficulties in classical statistical analysis, it was shown to be especially useful in calibration of a model of the type shown herein.
Upper bounds on superconducting and excitonic phase-stiffness for interacting isolated narrow bands
Creators: name: Mao, Dan
name: Chowdhury, Debanjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the discovery of superconductivity in moiré materials with isolated narrow bandwidth electronic bands, here we analyze critically the question of what is the maximum attainable $T_c$ in interacting flat-band systems. We focus specifically on the low-energy effective theory, where the density-density interactions are projected to the set of partially-filled flat bands. The resulting problem is inherently non-perturbative, where the standard mean-field approximation is not applicable. Here we develop further our recent Schrieffer-Wolff transformation based approach (PNAS, 120 (11), e2217816120 (2023)) to compute the effective electromagnetic response and the superconducting phase-stiffness in terms of "projected" gauge-transformations, and extend the formalism to compute the stiffness for excitonic superfluids. Importantly, our method requires neither any "wannierization" for the narrow bands of interest, regardless of their (non-)topological character, nor any knowledge of an underlying pairing-symmetry, and can be setup directly in momentum-space. We use this formalism to derive upper bounds on the phase-stiffness for sign-problem-free models, where their values are known independently from numerically exact quantum Monte-Carlo computations. We also illustrate the analytical structure of these bounds for the superconducting and excitonic phase-stiffness for perfectly flat-bands that have Landau-level-like wavefunctions.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures
Bouvier's conjecture
Creators: name: Bouchiba, S.
name: Kabbaj, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13C15, 13F05, 13F15, 13E05, 13F20, 13G05, 13B25, 13B30

description: This paper deals with Bouvier's conjecture which sustains that finite-dimensional non-Noetherian Krull domains need not be Jaffard
description: 11 pages. To appear in Commutative Algebra and Applications, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Germany, 2009
Segmental relaxation in semicrystalline polymers: a mean field model for the distribution of relaxation times in confined regimes
Creators: name: Pieruccini, Marco
name: Ezquerra, Tiberio A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of confinement in the segmental relaxation of polymers is considered. On the basis of a thermodynamic model we discuss the emerging relevance of the fast degrees of freedom in stimulating the much slower segmental relaxation, as an effect of the constraints at the walls of the amorphous regions. In the case that confinement is due to the presence of crystalline domains, a quasi-poissonian distribution of local constraining conditions is derived as a result of thermodynamic equilibrium. This implies that the average free energy barrier $ΔF$ for conformational rearrangement is of the same order of the dispersion of the barrier heights, $δ(ΔF)$, around $ΔF$. As an example, we apply the results to the analysis of the $α$-relaxation as observed by dielectric broad band spectroscopy in semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) cold-crystallized from either an isotropic or an oriented glass. It is found that in the latter case the regions of cooperative rearrangement are significantly larger than in the former.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures .eps