cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Foundation of Hydrodynamics for Systems with Strong Interactions
Creators: name: Wong, Cheuk-Yin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a dense and strongly interacting system, such as a nucleus or a strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma, the foundation of hydrodynamics can be better found in the quantum description of constituents moving in the strong mean fields generated by all other particles. Using the result that the Schroedinger equation and the Klein-Gordon equation can be written in hydrodynamical forms, we find that the probability currents of the many-body system in the mean-field description obey a hydrodynamical equation with stress tensors arising from many contributions: quantum effects, mean-field interactions, and thermal fluctuations. The influence of various contributions to the hydrodynamical motion is expected to vary with the temperature, as the quantum and mean-field stress tensors playing more important roles at low and moderate temperatures.
description: 10 pages, lecture presented at the Relativistic Fluids Symposium in the IV Mexican Meeting on Mathematical and Experimental Physics, Mexico City, Mexico, July 13-19, 2010
Dual-modified natural high density lipoprotein particles for systemic glioma-targeting drug delivery
Creators: name: Cui, Lin
name: Wang, Yuli
name: Liang, Meng
name: Chu, Xiaoyang
name: Fu, Shiyao
name: Gao, Chunsheng
name: Liu, Qianqian
name: Gong, Wei
name: Yang, Meiyan
name: Li, Zhiping
name: Yu, Lian
name: Yang, Chunrong
name: Su, Zhide
name: Xie, Xiangyang
name: Yang, Yang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Therapeutic outcome for the treatment of glioma was often limited due to the two barriers involved: the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). Therefore, the development of nanocarriers that possess both BBB and BBTB permeability and glioma-targeting ability is of great importance for the chemotherapy of glioma. New frontiers in nanomedicine are advancing the research of new biomaterials. Here we constructed a natural high-density lipoprotein particle (HDL)-based drug delivery system with the dual-modification of T7 and dA7R peptide ligand (T7/dA7R-HDL) to achieve the above goals. HDL, the smallest lipoprotein, plays a biological role and is highly suitable as a platform for delivering imaging and therapeutic agents. T7 is a seven-peptide ligand of transferrin receptors (TfR) capable of circumventing the BBB and then targeting glioma. dA7R is a d-peptide ligand of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR 2) overexpressed on angiogenesis, presenting excellent glioma-homing property. 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), a hydrophobic anti-cancer drug, was used as the model drug in this study. By combining the dual-targeting delivery effect, the dual-modified HDL displayed higher glioma localization than that of single ligand-modified HDL or free HCPT. After loading with HCPT, T7/dA7R-HDL showed the most favorable anti-glioma effect in vivo. These results demonstrated that the dual-targeting natural nanocarriers strategy provides a potential method for improving brain drug delivery and anti-glioma treatment efficacy.
Wrinkling composite sheets
Creators: name: Suñé, Marc
name: Arratia, Cristóbal
name: Bonfils, A. F.
name: Vella, Dominic
name: Wettlaufer, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the buckling shape and critical compression of confined inhomogeneous composite sheets lying on a liquid foundation. The buckling modes are controlled by the bending stiffness of the sheet, the density of the substrate, and the size and the spatially dependent elastic coefficients of the sheet. We solve the (linearized) Föppl-von Kármán equations describing the mechanical equilibrium of a sheet when its bending stiffness varies parallel to the direction of confinement. The case of a homogeneous bending stiffness exhibits a degeneracy of wrinkled states for certain sizes of the confined sheet. This degeneracy disappears for spatially dependent elastic coefficients. Medium length sheets buckle similarly to their homogeneous counterparts, whereas the wrinkled states in large length sheets localize the bending energy towards the soft regions of the sheet.
Short-Range Structural Transformations in Water at High Pressures
Creators: name: Khusnutdinoff, Ramil M.
name: Mokshin, Anatolii V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of molecular dynamics simulations of liquid water at the temperature T=277 K for a range of high pressure. One aim of the study was to test the model Amoeba potential for description of equilibrium structural properties and dynamical processes in liquid water. The comparison our numerical results with the Amoeba and TIP5P potentials, our results of \emph{ab initio} molecular dynamics simulations and the experimental data reveals that the Amoeba potential reproduces correctly structural properties of the liquid water. Other aim of our work was related with investigation of the pressure induced structural transformations and their influence on the microscopic collective dynamics. We have found that the structural anomaly at the pressure $p_c\approx 2000$ Atm is related with the changes of the local, short-range order in liquid water within first two coordination shells. This anomaly specifies mainly by deformation of the hydrogen-bond network. We also discuss in detail the anomalous behavior of sound propagation in liquid water at high pressures and compare numerical results with the experimental data.
description: 1 tex-file and 9 figures
On Hankel-type operators with discontinuous symbols in higher dimensions
Creators: name: Sobolev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47G30, Secondary 45M05, 47B10, 47B35

description: We obtain an asymptotic formula for the counting function of the discrete spectrum for Hankel-type pseudo-differential operators with discontinuous symbols.
description: 8 pages
Is Light-Tree Structure Optimal for Multicast Routing in Sparse Light Splitting WDM Networks?
Creators: name: Zhou, Fen
name: Molnar, Miklos
name: Cousin, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To minimize the number of wavelengths required by a multicast session in sparse light splitting wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks, a light-hierarchy structure, which occupies the same wavelength on all links, is proposed to span as many destinations as possible. Different from a light-tree, a light-hierarchy accepts cycles, which are used to traverse crosswise a 4-degree (or above) multicast incapable (MI) node twice (or above) and switch two light signals on the same wavelengths to two destinations in the same multicast session. In this paper, firstly, a graph renewal and distance priority light-tree algorithm (GRDP-LT) is introduced to improve the quality of light-trees built for a multicast request. Then, it is extended to compute light-hierarchies. Obtained numerical results demonstrate the GRDP-LT light-trees can achieve a much lower links stress, better wavelength channel cost, and smaller average end-to-end delay as well as diameter than the currently most efficient algorithm. Furthermore, compared to light-trees, the performance in terms of link stress and network throughput is greatly improved again by employing the light-hierarchy, while consuming the same amount of wavelength channel cost.
DEP Bulletin:Volume 39 Issue 12
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2015

description: The DEP bulletin is a semi-monthly publication of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It contains a list of construction permit applications recently filed or acted upon by the Department along with a calendar of events of interest, a schedule of public hearings, and Environmental Impact Statements acted upon during the period.
Worker-robot cooperation and integration into the manufacturing workcell via the holonic control architecture
Creators: name: Sadik, Ahmed Rabee Ahmed
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 000 Generalities, Science
subject: 620 Engineering & allied operations
subject: 670 Manufacturing

description: Cooperative manufacturing is a new field of research, which addresses new challenges beyond the physical safety of the worker. Those new challenges appear due to the need to connect the worker and the cobot from the informatics point of view in one cooperative workcell. This requires developing an appropriate manufacturing control system, which fits the nature of both the worker and the cobot. Furthermore, the manufacturing control system must be able to understand the production variations, to guide the cooperation between worker and the cobot and adapt with the production variations.
Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics in quantum and classical systems
Creators: name: Vacchini, Bassano
name: Smirne, Andrea
name: Laine, Elsi-Mari
name: Piilo, Jyrki
name: Breuer, Heinz-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the conceptually different definitions used for the non-Markovianity of classical and quantum processes. The well-established definition for non-Markovianity of a classical stochastic process represents a condition on the Kolmogorov hierarchy of the n-point joint probability distributions. Since this definition cannot be transferred to the quantum regime, quantum non-Markovianity has recently been defined and quantified in terms of the underlying quantum dynamical map, using either its divisibility properties or the behavior of the trace distance between pairs of initial states. Here, we investigate and compare these definitions and their relations to the classical notion of non-Markovianity by employing a large class of non-Markovian processes, known as semi-Markov processes, which admit a natural extension to the quantum case. A number of specific physical examples is constructed which allow to study the basic features of the classical and the quantum definitions and to evaluate explicitly the measures for quantum non-Markovianity. Our results clearly demonstrate several fundamental distinctions between the classical and the quantum notion of non-Markovianity, as well as between the various quantum measures for non-Markovianity.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Improving Adaptive Real-Time Video Communication Via Cross-layer Optimization
Creators: name: Li, Yueheng
name: Chen, Hao
name: Xu, Bowei
name: Zhang, Zicheng
name: Ma, Zhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Effective Adaptive BitRate (ABR) algorithm or policy is of paramount importance for Real-Time Video Communication (RTVC) amid this pandemic to pursue uncompromised quality of experience (QoE). Existing ABR methods mainly separate the network bandwidth estimation and video encoder control, and fine-tune video bitrate towards estimated bandwidth, assuming the maximization of bandwidth utilization yields the optimal QoE. However, the QoE of a RTVC system is jointly determined by the quality of compressed video, fluency of video playback, and interaction delay. Solely maximizing the bandwidth utilization without comprehensively considering compound impacts incurred by both network and video application layers, does not assure the satisfactory QoE. And the decoupling of network and video layer further exacerbates the user experience due to network-codec incoordination. This work therefore proposes the Palette, a reinforcement learning based ABR scheme that unifies the processing of network and video application layers to directly maximize the QoE formulated as the weighted function of video quality, stalling rate and delay. To this aim, a cross-layer optimization is proposed to derive fine-grained compression factor of upcoming frame(s) using cross-layer observations like network conditions, video encoding parameters, and video content complexity. As a result, Palette manages to resolve the network-codec incoordination and to best catch up with the network fluctuation. Compared with state-of-the-art schemes in real-world tests, Palette not only reduces 3.1%-46.3% of the stalling rate, 20.2%-50.8% of the delay, but also improves 0.2%-7.2% of the video quality with comparable bandwidth consumption, under a variety of application scenarios.
Light-Hierarchy: The Optimal Structure for Multicast Routing in WDM Mesh Networks
Creators: name: Zhou, Fen
name: Molnar, Miklos
name: Cousin, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Based on the false assumption that multicast incapable (MI) nodes could not be traversed twice on the same wavelength, the light-tree structure was always thought to be optimal for multicast routing in sparse splitting Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks. In fact, for establishing a multicast session, an MI node could be crosswise visited more than once to switch a light signal towards several destinations with only one wavelength through different input and output pairs. This is called Cross Pair Switching (CPS). Thus, a new multicast routing structure light-hierarchy is proposed for all-optical multicast routing, which permits the cycles introduced by the CPS capability of MI nodes. We proved that the optimal structure for minimizing the cost of multicast routing is a set of light-hierarchies rather than the light-trees in sparse splitting WDM networks. Integer linear programming (ILP) formulations are developed to search the optimal light-hierarchies. Numerical results verified that the light-hierarchy structure could save more cost than the light-tree structure.
Quark Wigner Distributions and Orbital Angular Momentum
Creators: name: Lorce, Cedric
name: Pasquini, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Wigner functions of the nucleon which provide multidimensional images of the quark distributions in phase space. These functions can be obtained through a Fourier transform in the transverse space of the generalized transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions. They depend on both the transverse position and the three-momentum of the quark relative to the nucleon, and therefore combine in a single picture all the information contained in the generalized parton distributions and the transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions. We focus the discussion on the distributions of unpolarized/longitudinally polarized quark in an unpolarized/longitudinally polarized nucleon. In this way, we can study the role of the orbital angular momentum of the quark in shaping the nucleon and its correlations with the quark and nucleon polarizations. The quark orbital angular momentum is also calculated from its phase-space average weighted with the Wigner distribution of unpolarized quarks in a longitudinally polarized nucleon. The corresponding results obtained within different light-cone quark models are compared with alternative definitions of the quark orbital angular momentum, as given in terms of generalized parton distributions and transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables
Crashing into walls with my face : a director's process
Creators: name: Shoemaker, Jessica Marie
name: 0000-0001-5322-0531
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Directing
Theatre
Humor

description: Near the end of my first year of graduate school, I stood up too quickly and promptly fell face-first into a wall. This thesis will explore how that experience serves as an elegant metaphor for my creative process: including the hazards, merits, and occasional grace of such an approach. The area of inquiry in which I am most interested is my methodology for capitalizing on the collisions of creative process without exacting undue harm to myself and others. By what metrics am I to judge the success or failure of my landing? Are there more effective ways to run headlong into obstacles? What kind and amount of preparation is useful for such an endeavor and what have I learned about myself in the crashing process? Through this thesis, I hope to further my understanding of how I develop and hone this skill of flying at, meeting, and befriending obstacles.
EasyScan_HEP: a tool for connecting programs to scan the parameter space of physics models
Creators: name: Shang, Liangliang
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an application, EasyScan_HEP, for connecting programs to scan the parameter space of High Energy Physics (HEP) models using various sampling algorithms. We develop EasyScan_HEP according to the principle of flexibility and usability. EasyScan_HEP allows us to connect different programs that calculate physical observables, and apply constraints by one human-readable configuration file. All programs executed through command lines can be connected to EasyScan_HEP by setting input and output parameters of the programs. The current version offers the sampling algorithms of Random, Grid, Markov chain Monte Carlo and MultiNest. We also implement features such as resume function, parallelization, post-processing, and quick analysis.
description: 42 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, 10 listings, version accepted by Computer Physics Communications
Effect of detuning on the phonon induced dephasing of optically driven InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots
Creators: name: Ramsay, A. J.
name: Godden, T. M.
name: Boyle, S. J.
name: Gauger, E. M.
name: Nazir, A.
name: Lovett, B. W.
name: Gopal, Achanta Venu
name: Fox, A. M.
name: Skolnick, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, longitudinal acoustic phonons have been identified as the main source of the intensity damping observed in Rabi rotation measurements of the ground-state exciton of a single InAs/GaAs quantum dot. Here we report experiments of intensity damped Rabi rotations in the case of detuned laser pulses, the results have implications for the coherent optical control of both excitons and spins using detuned laser pulses.
description: 6 pages, 3 figs, invited conference paper ICPS 2010
Statistical mechanics for non-Hermitian quantum systems
Creators: name: Cao, Kui
name: Kou, Su-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study of statistical mechanics for non-Hermitian quantum systems. Our work reveals that the stability of a non-Hermitian system necessitates the existence of a single path-dependent conserved quantity, which, in conjunction with the system's Hamiltonian, dictates the equilibrium state. By elucidating the relationship between the Hamiltonian and the supported conserved quantity, we propose criteria for discerning equilibrium states with finite relaxation times. Although our findings indicate that only non-Hermitian systems with real energy spectrum precisely possess such conserved quantities, we also demonstrate that an effective conserved quantity can manifest in certain systems with complex energy spectra. The effective conserved quantity, alongside the effective transitions within their associated subspace, collectively determines the system's equilibrium state. Our results provide valuable insights into non-Hermitian systems across more realistic contexts and hold potential for applications in a diverse range of physical systems.
Selfconsistent Evaluation of Charm and Charmonium in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Riek, Felix
name: Rapp, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A selfconsistent calculation of heavy-quark (HQ) and quarkonium properties in the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is conducted to quantify flavor transport and color screening in the medium. The main tool is a thermodynamic $T$-matrix approach to compute HQ and quarkonium spectral functions in both scattering and bound-state regimes. The $T$-matrix, in turn, is employed to calculate HQ selfenergies which are implemented into spectral functions beyond the quasiparticle approximation. Charmonium spectral functions are used to evaluate eulcidean-time correlation functions which are compared to results from thermal lattice QCD. The comparisons are performed in various hadronic channels including zero-mode contributions consistently accounting for finite charm-quark width effects. The zero modes are closely related to the charm-quark number susceptibility which is also compared to existing lattice "data". Both the susceptibility and the heavy-light quark $T$-matrix are applied to calculate the thermal charm-quark relaxation rate, or, equivalently, the charm diffusion constant in the QGP. Implications of our findings in the HQ sector for the viscosity-to-entropy-density ratio of the QGP are briefly discussed.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, invited contribution to NJP Focus Issue "Strongly Coupled Quantum Fluids: From Ultracold Quantum Gases to QCD Plasmas"
Lie-Poisson gauge theories and $κ$-Minkowski electrodynamics
Creators: name: Kupriyanov, V. G.
name: Kurkov, M. A.
name: Vitale, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider gauge theories on Poisson manifolds emerging as semiclassical approximations of noncommutative spacetime with Lie algebra type noncommutativity. We prove an important identity, which allows to obtain simple and manifestly gauge-covariant expressions for the Euler-Lagrange equations of motion, the Bianchi and the Noether identities. We discuss the non-Lagrangian equations of motion, and apply our findings to the $κ$-Minkowski case. We construct a family of exact solutions of the deformed Maxwell equations in the vacuum. In the classical limit, these solutions recover plane waves with left-handed and right-handed circular polarization, being classical counterparts of photons. The deformed dispersion relation appears to be nontrivial.
description: Revised version; published in JHEP; 24 pages
Long-range coupling between superconducting dots induced by periodic driving
Creators: name: Keliri, Andriani
name: Douçot, Benoît
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a Josephson bijunction consisting of three superconducting reservoirs connected through two quantum dots. In equilibrium, the interdot coupling is sizable only for distances smaller than the superconducting coherence length. Application of commensurate dc voltages results in a time-periodic Hamiltonian and induces an interdot coupling at large distances. The basic mechanism of this long-range coupling is shown to be due to local multiple Andreev reflections on each dot, followed by quasiparticle propagation at energies larger than the superconducting gap. At large interdot distances we derive an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian describing two resonances coupled through a continuum.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus structural protein VP3 interacts with HDAC8 and promotes its autophagic degradation to facilitate viral replication
Creators: name: Zhang, Huijun
name: Wang, Xiangwei
name: Qu, Min
name: Li, Zhiyong
name: Yin, Xiangping
name: Tang, Lijie
name: Liu, Xiangtao
name: Sun, Yuefeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Macroautophagy/autophagy has been utilized by many viruses, including foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), to facilitate replication, while the underlying mechanism of the interplay between autophagy and innate immune responses is still elusive. This study showed that HDAC8 (histone deacetylase 8) inhibits FMDV replication by regulating innate immune signal transduction and antiviral response. To counteract the HDAC8 effect, FMDV utilizes autophagy to promote HDAC8 degradation. Further data showed that FMDV structural protein VP3 promotes autophagy during virus infection and interacts with and degrades HDAC8 in an AKT-MTOR-ATG5-dependent autophagy pathway. Our data demonstrated that FMDV evolved a strategy to counteract host antiviral activity by autophagic degradation of a protein that regulates innate immune response during virus infection. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ATG: autophagy related; Baf-A1: bafilomycin A1; CCL5: C-C motif chemokine ligand 5; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine phosphate; DAPI: 4”,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; FMDV: foot-and-mouth disease virus; HDAC8: histone deacetylase 8; ISG: IFN-stimulated gene; IRF3: interferon regulatory factor 3; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MAVS: mitochondria antiviral signaling protein; OAS: 2”−5’-oligoadenylate synthetase; RB1: RB transcriptional corepressor 1; SAHA: suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infectious doses; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; TSA: trichostatin A; UTR: untranslated region.
Construction of n-Lie algebras and n-ary Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras
Creators: name: Arnlind, Joakim
name: Makhlouf, Abdenacer
name: Silvestrov, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17A42, 17A30, 17A40, 17D99

description: We present a procedure to construct (n+1)-Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras from n-Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras equipped with a generalized trace function. It turns out that the implications of the compatibility conditions, that are necessary for this construction, can be understood in terms of the kernel of the trace function and the range of the twisting maps. Furthermore, we investigate the possibility of defining (n+k)-Lie algebras from n-Lie algebras and a k-form satisfying certain conditions.
Extracting molecular information from spectroscopic data
Creators: name: Menzel-Jones, Cian John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: This thesis explores new ways with which to utilize molecular spectroscopic data in both the time and frequency domain. Operating within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BOA), we show how to obtain the signs of transition-dipole amplitudes from fluorescence line intensities. Using the amplitudes thus obtained we give a method to extract highly accurate excited state potential(s) and the transition-dipole(s) as a function of the nuclear displacements. The procedure, illustrated here for the diatomic and triatomic molecules, is in principle applicable to any polyatomic system. We, also, extend this approach beyond the BOA and demonstrate applications involving bound-continuum transition, and double-minimum potentials. Furthermore, by using as input these measured energy level positions and the transition dipole moments (TDMs), we derive a scheme that completely determines the non-adiabatic coupling matrix between potential energy surfaces and the coordinate dependence of the coupling functions. We demonstrate results in a diatomic system with two spin-orbit coupled potentials, whereby experimentally measured information along with TDMs computed for two corresponding diabatic potentials to the fully spin-orbit coupled set of eigenstates, are used to extract the diagonal and off-diagonal spin-orbit coupling functions. Using time-resolved spectra, we show that bi-chromatic coherent control (BCC) enables the determination of the amplitudes (=magnitudes+phases) of individual transition-dipole matrix elements (TDMs) in these non-adiabatic coupling situation. The present use of BCC induces quantum interferences using two external laser fields to coherently deplete the population of different pairs of excited energy eigenstates. The BCC induced depletion is supplemented by the computation of the Fourier integral of the time-resolved fluorescence at the beat frequencies of the two states involved. The combination of BCC and Fourier transform enables the determination of the complex expansion coefficients of the wave packet in a basis of vibrational energy eigenstates, from simple spontaneous fluorescence data.
An extreme value statistics model of heterogeneous ice nucleation for quantifying the stability of supercooled aqueous systems
Creators: name: Consiglio, Anthony N.
name: Ouyang, Yu
name: Powell-Palm, Matthew J.
name: Rubinsky, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propensity of water to remain in a metastable liquid state at temperatures below its equilibrium melting point holds significant potential for cryopreserving biological material such as tissues and organs. The benefits conferred are a direct result of progressively reducing metabolic expenditure due to colder temperatures while simultaneously avoiding the irreversible damage caused by the crystallization of ice. Unfortunately, the freezing of water in bulk systems of clinical relevance is dominated by random heterogeneous nucleation initiated by uncharacterized trace impurities, and the marked unpredictability of this behavior has prevented implementation of supercooling outside of controlled laboratory settings and in volumes larger than a few milliliters. Here, we develop a statistical model that jointly captures both the inherent stochastic nature of nucleation using conventional Poisson statistics as well as the random variability of heterogeneous nucleation catalysis through bivariate extreme value statistics. Individually, these two classes of models cannot account for both the time-dependent nature of nucleation and the sample-to-sample variability associated with heterogeneous catalysis, and traditional extreme value models have only considered variation of the characteristic nucleation temperature. We conduct a series of constant cooling rate and isothermal nucleation experiments with physiological saline solutions and leverage the statistical model to evaluate the natural variability of kinetic and thermodynamic nucleation parameters. By quantifying freezing probability as a function of temperature, supercooled duration, and system volume, while accounting for nucleation site variability, this study also provides a basis for the rational design of stable supercooled biopreservation protocols.
Experimental artefacts in undrained triaxial testing
Creators: name: Ghabezloo, Siavash
name: Sulem, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For evaluation of the undrained thermo-poro-elastic properties of saturated porous materials in conventional triaxial cells, it is important to take into account the effect of the dead volume of the drainage system. The compressibility and the thermal expansion of the drainage system along with the dead volume of the fluid filling this system, influence the measured pore pressure and volumetric strain during undrained thermal or mechanical loading in a triaxial cell. A correction method is presented in this paper to correct these effects during an undrained isotropic compression test or an undrained heating test. A parametric study has demonstrated that the porosity and the drained compressibility of the tested material and the ratio of the vol-ume of the drainage system to the one of the tested sample are the key parameters which influence the most the error induced on the measurements by the drainage system.
Spitzer Spectroscopy of the Circumprimary Disk in the Binary Brown Dwarf 2MASS J04414489+2301513
Creators: name: Adame, Lucia
name: Calvet, Nuria
name: Luhman, K. L.
name: D'Alessio, Paola
name: Furlan, Elise
name: McClure, M. K.
name: Hartmann, Lee
name: Forrest, William J.
name: Watson, Dan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph, we have performed mid-infrared spectroscopy on the young binary brown dwarf 2MASS J04414489+2301513 (15 AU) in the Taurus star-forming region. The spectrum exhibits excess continuum emission that likely arises from a circumstellar disk around the primary. Silicate emission is not detected in these data, indicating the presence of significant grain growth. This is one of the few brown dwarf disks at such a young age (~1 Myr) that has been found to lack silicate emission. To quantitatively constrain the properties of the disk, we have compared the spectral energy distribution of 2MASS J04414489+2301513 to the predictions of our vertical structure codes for irradiated accretion disks. Our models suggest that the remaining atmospheric grains of moderately depleted layers may have grown to a size of $\gtrsim5$ micron. In addition, our model fits indicate an outer radius of 0.2-0.3 AU for the disk. The small size of this circumprimary disk could be due to truncation by the secondary. The absence of an outer disk containing a reservoir of small, primordial grains, combined with a weak turbulent mechanism, may be responsible for the advanced grain growth in this disk.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJL, 14 pages, 3 figures
Interplay between atomic fluctuations and charge density waves in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$
Creators: name: Shen, L.
name: Esposito, V.
name: Burdet, N. G.
name: Zhu, M.
name: Petsch, A. N.
name: Croft, T. P.
name: Collins, S. P.
name: Ren, Z.
name: Westermeier, F.
name: Sprung, M.
name: Hayden, S. M.
name: Turner, J. J.
name: Blackburn, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the cuprate superconductors, the spatial coherence of the charge density wave (CDW) state grows rapidly below a characteristic temperature $T_\mathrm{CDW}$, the nature of which is debated. We have combined a set of x-ray scattering techniques to study La$_{1.88}$Sr$_{0.12}$CuO$_{4}$ ($T_\mathrm{CDW}$~$\approx$~80\,K) to shed light on this discussion. We observe the emergence of a crystal structure, which is consistent with the CDW modulation in symmetry, well above $T_\mathrm{CDW}$. This global structural change also induces strong fluctuations of local atomic disorder in the intermediate temperature region. At $T_\mathrm{CDW}$, the temperature dependence of this structure develops a kink, while the atomic disorder is minimized. We find that the atomic relaxation dynamics cross over from a cooperative to an incoherent response at $T_\mathrm{CDW}$. These results reveal a rich interplay between the CDWs and atomic fluctuations of distinct spatio-temporal scales. For example, the CDW coherence is enhanced on quasi-elastic timescales by incoherent atomic relaxation.
Enhancement of the Curie temperature in small particles of weak itinerant ferromagnets
Creators: name: Peters, L.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Kirilyuk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self consistent renormalization theory of itinerant ferromagnets is used to calculate the Curie temperature of clusters down to approximately 100 atoms in size. In these clusters the electrons responsible for the magnetic properties are assumed to be (weakly) itinerant. It is shown that the Curie temperature can be larger than in the bulk. The effect originates from the phenomenon of level repulsion in chaotic quantum systems, which suppresses spin fluctuations. Since the latter destroy the magnetic order the resulting Curie temperature increases, contrary to expectations of the naive Stoner picture. The calculations are done assuming that the energy levels of the cluster are described by the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble of random matrix theory.
description: Phys. Rev. B, accepted for publication
Determination of the neutron skin of $^{208}$Pb from ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
Creators: name: Giacalone, Giuliano
name: Nijs, Govert
name: van der Schee, Wilke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emergent bulk properties of matter governed by the strong nuclear force give rise to physical phenomena across vastly different scales, ranging from the shape of atomic nuclei to the masses and radii of neutron stars. They can be accessed on Earth by measuring the spatial extent of the outer skin made of neutrons that characterises the surface of heavy nuclei. The isotope $^{208}$Pb, owing to its simple structure and neutron excess, has been in this context the target of many dedicated efforts. Here, we determine the neutron skin from measurements of particle distributions and their collective flow in $^{208}$Pb+$^{208}$Pb collisions at ultrarelativistic energy performed at the Large Hadron Collider, which are sensitive to the overall size of the colliding $^{208}$Pb ions. By means of state-of-the-art global analysis tools within the hydrodynamic model of heavy-ion collisions, we infer a neutron skin $Δr_{np}=0.217\pm0.058$ fm, consistent with nuclear theory predictions, and competitive in accuracy with a recent determination from parity-violating asymmetries in polarised electron scattering. We establish thus a new experimental method to systematically measure neutron distributions in the ground state of atomic nuclei.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. The Trajectum code can be found at https://sites.google.com/view/govertnijs/trajectum. Plotting routines can be found at http://wilkevanderschee.nl/trajectum. v2 expanded appendices, matches published version
Beam displacement tolerances on a segmented mirror for higher-order Hermite-Gauss modes
Creators: name: Tao, Liu
name: Brown, Nina
name: Fulda, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Odd-indexed higher-order Hermite-Gauss (HG) modes are compatible with 4-quadrant segmented mirrors due to their intensity nulls along the principal axes, which guarantees minimum beam intensity illuminating the bond lines between the segments thus leading to low power loss. However, a misplaced HG beam can cause extra power loss due to the bright intensity spots probing the bond lines. This paper analytically and numerically studies the beam displacement tolerances on a segmented mirror for the $\mathrm{HG_{3,3}}$ mode. We conclude that for "effective" bond lines with 6 $μ$m width, and the $\mathrm{HG_{3,3}}$ beam size chosen to guarantee 1 ppm clipping loss when centered, the beam can be rotated by roughly 1 degree or laterally displaced by 4% of its beam size while keeping the total power on the bond lines under 1 ppm. We also demonstrate that the constrained beam displacement parameter region that guarantees a given power loss limit, or the beam displacement tolerance, is inversely proportional to the bond line thickness.
description: 4 pages, 6 pages
Investigating evaluation as an accountability mechanism by international non-governmental organizations working in humanitarian relief
Creators: name: Morris, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Accountability of humanitarian relief organizations has been a key topic of discussion since the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda was published in 1996. Dozens of initiatives stressing accountability to beneficiaries have been launched. However, humanitarian organizations still receive criticism for focusing on accountability to donors and ignoring their responsibilities to account for their actions to the communities they serve. Evaluation is considered a key mechanism for providing accountability and can give opportunities for reducing power imbalances. This study investigates how humanitarian International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) are using evaluation, asking whether evaluation practice is providing accountability to communities affected by crisis. Using a critical hermeneutic framework, the study undertook an empirical review of a sample of evaluation reports published on the Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance (ALNAP) website. Interviews with evaluators and INGO staff involved in the evaluations contributed to the understanding of current evaluation practice. The study found the accountability provided was mainly internal to INGOs and accountability to affected communities was low. Ensuring program improvement through evaluation was a weak form of accountability but affected communities were not able to use evaluation to influence decisions that affect them. Participation in evaluations was limited to the inclusion of beneficiaries at the data collection stage, and there was no evidence of participation in developing the evaluation scope or questions. Participation at the final stages of the evaluation was also low, although the evaluations that included local civil society partners showed evidence of community involvement in either negotiating or receiving the evaluation results. These latter evaluations provided the highest degree of accountability to the community. Opportunities for participatory evaluation approaches were constrained by INGO control of the evaluation scope and the time allocated for the evaluation. As a result evaluation approaches that favoured internal utilization rather than community engagement or empowerment were most common and thus INGOs benefitted the most from current evaluation practice.
Random walks and moving boundaries: Estimating the penetration of diffusants into dense rubbers
Creators: name: Nepal, Surendra
name: Ogren, Magnus
name: Wondmagegne, Yosief
name: Muntean, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M75, 65M60, 35R37

description: For certain materials science scenarios arising in rubber technology, one-dimensional moving boundary problems (MBPs) with kinetic boundary conditions are capable of unveiling the large-time behavior of the diffusants penetration front, giving a direct estimate on the service life of the material. In this paper, we propose a random walk algorithm able to lead to good numerical approximations of both the concentration profile and the location of the sharp front. Essentially, the proposed scheme decouples the target evolution system in two steps: (i) the ordinary differential equation corresponding to the evaluation of the speed of the moving boundary is solved via an explicit Euler method, and (ii) the associated diffusion problem is solved by a random walk method. To verify the correctness of our random walk algorithm we compare the resulting approximations to results based on a finite element approach with a controlled convergence rate. Our numerical experiments recover well penetration depth measurements of an experimental setup targeting dense rubbers.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
Pumping lemmas for linear and nonlinear context-free languages
Creators: name: Horváth, Géza
name: Nagy, Benedek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.3
subject: 68Q45

description: Pumping lemmas are created to prove that given languages are not belong to certain language classes. There are several known pumping lemmas for the whole class and some special classes of the context-free languages. In this paper we prove new, interesting pumping lemmas for special linear and context-free language classes. Some of them can be used to pump regular languages in two place simultaneously. Other lemma can be used to pump context-free languages in arbitrary many places.
Average pure-state entanglement entropy in spin systems with SU(2) symmetry
Creators: name: Patil, Rohit
name: Hackl, Lucas
name: Fagan, George R.
name: Rigol, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect that the SU(2) symmetry, and the rich Hilbert space structure that it generates in lattice spin systems, has on the average entanglement entropy of highly excited eigenstates of local Hamiltonians and of random pure states. Focusing on the zero total magnetization sector ($J_z=0$) for different fixed total spin $J$, we argue that the average entanglement entropy of highly excited eigenstates of quantum-chaotic Hamiltonians and of random pure states has a leading volume-law term whose coefficient $s_A$ depends on the spin density $j=J/(\mathfrak{j}L)$, with $s_A(j \rightarrow 0)=\ln (2\mathfrak{j}+1)$ and $s_A(j \rightarrow 1)=0$, where $\mathfrak{j}$ is the microscopic spin. We provide numerical evidence that $s_A$ is smaller in highly excited eigenstates of integrable interacting Hamiltonians, which lends support to the expectation that the average eigenstate entanglement entropy can be used as a diagnostic of quantum chaos and integrability for Hamiltonians with non-Abelian symmetries. In the context of Hamiltonian eigenstates we consider spins $\mathfrak{j}=\frac12$ and $1$, while for our calculations based on random pure states we focus on the spin $\mathfrak{j}=\frac12$ case.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, as published