cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Offline Micropayments without Trusted Hardware
Creators: name: Blaze, Matt
name: Ioannidis, John
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Computer science

description: We introduce a new micropayment scheme, suitable for certain kinds of transactions, that requires neither online transactions nor trusted hardware for either the payer or payee. Each payer is periodically issued certified credentials that encode the type of transactions and circumstances under which payment can be guaranteed. A risk management strategy, taking into account the payers’ history, and other factors, can be used to generate these credentials in a way that limits the aggregated risk of uncollectable or fraudulent transactions to an acceptable level. These credentials can also permit or restrict types of purchases. We show a practical architecture for such a system that uses a Trust Management System to encode the credentials and policies. We describe a prototype implementation of the system in which vending machine purchases are made using consumer PDAs.
title: Primary Colorectal tumor CT texture analysis: a potential tool for predicting TNM
Creators: name: Grecchi, Annamaria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Metastases
subject: Cancer
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Management
subject: Colon
subject: GI Tract

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Among colorectal cancer prognostic factors , pTNM staging plays an important role, giving information about the depth of infiltration of the bowel walls, the presence of loco-regional positive lymph node (N+) and distant metastases (M+)....
Joint-coupled compensation effects in visually servoed tracking
Creators: name: Oh, Paul Y.
name: Allen, Peter K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Computer science

description: Humans have degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of varying bandwidths and one casually observes that we coordinate these DOF while visually tracking. This suggests that joint interplay aids tracking performance. In a control scheme we call partitioning, both image and kinematic data are used to visually-servo a 5-DOF robot by defining a joint-coupling among the rotational and translational DOF. Analysis of simulations and experiments reveal that a robot's fast bandwidth joints physically serve as lead compensators when coupled to slower joints thus reducing tracking lag.
The Great Migration and Implicit Bias in the Northern United States
Creators: name: Vuletich, Heidi A.
name: Sommet, Nicolas
name: Payne, B. Keith
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2023

description:
The spatial patterning of present-day racial bias in Southern states is predicted by the prevalence of slavery in 1860 and the structural inequalities that followed. Here we extend the investigation of the historical roots of implicit bias to areas outside the South by tracing the Great Migration of Black southerners to Northern and Western states. We found that the proportion of Black residents in each county ( N = 1,981 counties) during the years of the Great Migration (1900–1950) was significantly associated with greater implicit bias among White residents today. The association was statistically explained by measures of structural inequalities. Results parallel the pattern seen in Southern states but reflect population changes that occurred decades later as cities reacted to larger Black populations. These findings suggest that implicit biases reflect structural inequalities and the historical conditions that produced them.
title: Intensity standardization of breast MR images for radiomic analysis
Creators: name: Origgi, Daniela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics in Medical Imaging
subject: Breast
subject: Computer applications
subject: MR physics
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Cancer
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care
subject: Retrospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Quantitative analysis of MR images must account for the fact that MR intensity scale is not standardized, possibly resulting in not comparable voxel intensities for a same tissue when imaging different patients, or even when imaging the same...
Dual incretin agonism in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity
Creators: name: KEE, VANESSA TING ZHEN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences not elsewhere classified
Basic pharmacology
Genetically modified animals
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Pharmaceutical sciences

description: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is the fastest-growing chronic disease in Australia and is strongly associated with obesity, a well-established risk factor for T2DM. Incretin-based therapeutics are promising new treatments for T2DM and obesity due to their glucose-lowering and weight-loss effects, through actions mediated by the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR). An emerging pharmacological approach involves simultaneous targeting of both GLP-1R and GIPR to leverage the actions of both incretin hormones. The thesis presents new mechanistic insights into these dual incretin (GLP-1R/GIPR) agonists and elucidates the impact of modulating each receptor on metabolic homeostasis.
Modified Gravity and the CMB
Creators: name: Brax, Philippe
name: Davis, Anne-Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effect of modified gravity on the peak structure of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) spectrum. We focus on simple models of modified gravity mediated by a massive scalar field coupled to both baryons and cold dark matter. This captures the features of chameleon, symmetron, dilaton and $f(R)$ models. We find that the CMB peaks can be affected in three independent ways provided the Compton radius of the massive scalar is not far-off the sound horizon at last scattering. When the coupling of the massive scalar to Cold Dark Matter (CDM) is large, the anomalous growth of the CDM perturbation inside the Compton radius induces a change in the peak amplitudes. When the coupling to baryons is moderately large, the speed of sound is modified and the peaks shifted to higher momenta. Finally when both couplings are non-vanishing, a new contribution proportional to the Newton potential appears in the Sachs-Wolfe temperature and increases the peak amplitudes. We also show how, given any temporal evolution of the scalar field mass, one can engineer a corresponding modified gravity model of the chameleon type. This opens up the possibility of having independent constraints on modified gravity from the CMB peaks and large scale structures at low redshifts.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, published version
Concepciones de los y las maestras sobre infancia y adolecencia: implicaciones para la educación en el colegio de la Salle, Bogotá.
Creators: name: ESTIVEN AUGUSTO, ROJAS MONTAÑEZ
name: ANGIE CAROLINA, RAMOS MARTIN
name: DANILO STIVEN, ROSALES  HERNANDEZ
name: LIZETH GERALDIN, FIGUEROA LEGUIZAMON
name: VALENTINA, GALINDO NIÑO
name: MARIA CAMILA, LOAIZA DELGADO
name: NICOLAS, RAMOS LEW
name: CHRISTIAN RICARDO, LACHE GOMEZ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: infancia
adolescencia
Prácticas Docentes

description: La investigación se centra en analizar cómo las concepciones de los docentes sobre la infancia y la adolescencia configuran las prácticas pedagógicas en el Colegio de la Salle de Bogotá. El problema de investigación se formula así: ¿De qué manera las concepciones docentes sobre infancia y adolescencia configuran las praxis docentes en el Colegio de la Salle de Bogotá?.Nuestra guía teórica se desarrolla a partir de cinco categorías principales. Primero, se examina "Infancia y adolescencia desde la Política Pública en Colombia", considerando las normativas y lineamientos que influyen en la educación. Segundo, el "Concepto de infancia" se analiza desde la perspectiva de autores como Dávila León, destacando las características y necesidadesespecíficas de esta etapa. Tercero, el "Concepto de adolescencia" se aborda con base en las ideas de Vicenzi, enfatizando el desarrollo y los desafíos propios de este periodo. Cuarto, el "Concepto de Prácticas Pedagógicas" se fundamenta en las teorías de Pérez Gómez, que subrayan la importancia de estrategias educativas reflexivas y contextualmente relevantes.Finalmente, se exploran las "Concepciones docentes", considerando cómo las percepciones y creencias de los profesores influyen en su relación con los estudiantes y en la implementación de prácticas educativas efectivas. Todo a través de cuatro grupos focales y etnografía educativa con los/as docentes de la institución. La relevancia de esta investigación es amplia, pero resalta la importancia de la reflexión interna de la práctica docente para mejorar la relación profesor-estudiante y optimizar el proceso educativo.
Fast Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling for sparse Bayesian inference in high-dimensional inverse problems using L1-type priors
Creators: name: Lucka, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65J22, 62F15, 65C05, 65C60

description: Sparsity has become a key concept for solving of high-dimensional inverse problems using variational regularization techniques. Recently, using similar sparsity-constraints in the Bayesian framework for inverse problems by encoding them in the prior distribution has attracted attention. Important questions about the relation between regularization theory and Bayesian inference still need to be addressed when using sparsity promoting inversion. A practical obstacle for these examinations is the lack of fast posterior sampling algorithms for sparse, high-dimensional Bayesian inversion: Accessing the full range of Bayesian inference methods requires being able to draw samples from the posterior probability distribution in a fast and efficient way. This is usually done using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithms. In this article, we develop and examine a new implementation of a single component Gibbs MCMC sampler for sparse priors relying on L1-norms. We demonstrate that the efficiency of our Gibbs sampler increases when the level of sparsity or the dimension of the unknowns is increased. This property is contrary to the properties of the most commonly applied Metropolis-Hastings (MH) sampling schemes: We demonstrate that the efficiency of MH schemes for L1-type priors dramatically decreases when the level of sparsity or the dimension of the unknowns is increased. Practically, Bayesian inversion for L1-type priors using MH samplers is not feasible at all. As this is commonly believed to be an intrinsic feature of MCMC sampling, the performance of our Gibbs sampler also challenges common beliefs about the applicability of sample based Bayesian inference.
description: 33 pages, 14 figures
Using machine learning to find optimal locations for food bank depots
Creators: name: Mercado, Joseph
Publisher: name: Mathematics & Statistics
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning
subject: Clustering
subject: Food Bank
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Food
subject: Optimization
subject: Calgary

description: Aside from the main food bank location, the Calgary Food Bank also distributes food to clients through food distribution depots located throughout Calgary. The K-Means clustering machine learning algorithm was applied to Calgary Food Bank data to determine where future depots should be located in order to minimize the time clients spend travelling to depots. This would reduce carbon emissions and increase food accessibility in the city.
title: Höhere Erwerbsbeteiligung in Westdeutschland – Mehr Arbeitslosigkeit und Frühverrentungen in Ostdeutschland
title: Regionale und sozioökonomische Merkmale strukturieren den Altersübergang
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Büttner, Renate
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2018

description: Auf einen Blick …
·  Die höhere Erwerbstätigkeit im Alter ist maßgeblich auf die gestiegene Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen zurückzuführen: im Vergleich zu Männern weisen sie in allen Alterskategorien deutlich höhere Beschäftigungszuwächse auf. Diese resultieren jedoch zu einem erheblichen Teil aus der Zunahme der geringfügigen Beschäftigung sowie einer höheren Teilzeitquote der 60- bis 64-jährigen Frauen, während die Vollzeittätigkeit von Frauen ab dem 50. Lebensjahr im Beobachtungszeitraum zurückgegangen ist.
·  Zwischen 1996 und 2003 ist die Erwerbstätigkeit von Älteren zwar gestiegen, von dieser Entwicklung ausgenommen sind jedoch Männer zwischen dem 50. und 54. Lebensjahr:
ihre Erwerbstätigenquote sinkt im Zeitverlauf um 3 Prozentpunkte; gleichzeitig nimmt (Alters-) Teilzeitarbeit von Männern zu, und zwar in allen Alterskategorien.
·  Trotz einer Zunahme der Erwerbstätigkeit in den neuen Bundesländern ist hier die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Älteren deutlich geringer, die Anteile an Rentenbeziehern und Arbeitslosen sind dagegen weitaus höher als in Westdeutschland. Diese Befunde spiegeln die massive Ausgliederung von Älteren aus dem ostdeutschen Arbeitsmarkt über Arbeitslosigkeit und Frühverrentung wider.
·  Aus diesem Grunde ist auch die Erwerbsbeteiligung von älteren Frauen in Westdeutschland inzwischen ebenso hoch wie in Ostdeutschland – bzw. ab dem 60. Lebensjahr sogar
höher. Beim Altersübergang von westdeutschen Frauen spielt der Bezug einer eigenen Rente dagegen eine geringere und Nichterwerbstätigkeit eine größere Rolle als bei
ostdeutschen Frauen.
·  Die Erwerbsbeteiligung im Alter hängt in hohem Maße von der Qualifikation ab: Je höher der erworbene Berufsabschluss ist, desto höher ist die Erwerbstätigenquote und umso
geringer die Wahrscheinlichkeit, vor dem 60. Lebensjahr aus dem Erwerbsleben auszuscheiden oder arbeitslos zu werden.
·  Gering Qualifizierte sind im Alter häufiger und ab dem 55. Lebensjahr im Zeitverlauf in zunehmendem Maße auf Sozialhilfe angewiesen.
title: MRI evaluation Temporomandibular joint in JIA
Creators: name: SACHDEV, NAMRITA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Arthritides
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Paediatric

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatological disease causing a wide range of disabilities in children. International League of Association for Rheumatology has defined JIA as arthritis of unknown etiology persisting...
Tracing magnetism and pairing in FeTe-based systems
Creators: name: Palandage, Kalum
name: Fang, Kun
name: Fernando, Gayanath
name: Kocharian, Armen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to examine the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity, we monitor the non- superconducting chalcogenide FeTe and follow its transitions under insertion of oxygen, doping with Se and vacancies of Fe using spin-polarized band structure methods (LSDA with GGA) starting from the collinear and bicollinear magnetic arrangements. We use a supercell of Fe8Te8 as our starting point so that it can capture local changes in magnetic moments. The calculated values of magnetic moments agree well with available experimental data while oxygen insertions lead to significant changes in the bicollinear or collinear magnetic moments. The total energies of these systems indicate that the collinear-derived structure is the more favorable one prior to a possible superconducting transition. Using a 8-site Betts-cluster-based lattice and the Hubbard model, we show why this structure favors electron or hole pairing and provides clues to a common understanding of charge and spin pairing in the cuprates, pnictides and chalcogenides.
Fragmentation functions and parton distribution functions for the pion with the nonlocal interactions
Creators: name: Nam, Seung-il
name: Kao, Chung-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the unpolarized fragmentation functions and parton distribution functions of the pion employing the nonlocal chiral quark model. This model manifests the nonlocal interactions between the quarks and pseudoscalar mesons in the light-cone coordinate. It turns out that the nonlocal interactions result in substantial differences in comparison to typical models with only local couplings. We also perform the high Q^2-evolution for our results calculated at a relatively low renormalization scale Q^2 ~ 0.36 GeV}^2 to be compared with the experimental data. Our results after evolution are in qualitatively good agreement with those data.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
title: Radiomics univariate survival analysis in patients with gliomas
Creators: name: Papanikolaou, Nickolas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Experimental
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: CAD
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
subject: Multicentre study

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To evaluate if radiomic features extracted from standard of care MRI images might be capable of providing early information regarding disease prognosis in patients with...
Exploring the Design of Visualizations to Facilitate Patient-Provider Communication
Creators: name: Rajabiyazdi, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Patient-Provider Communication
subject: Technology Design
subject: Visualization
subject: Patient-Generated Data
subject: Education--Health
subject: Computer Science

description: Establishing strong patient-provider communication during clinical visits can have positive impacts on patient health outcomes. On the other hand, miscommunication between patients and healthcare providers can cause harm or in extreme cases cause death to patients. Factors such as healthcare providers' limited time, inefficient clinical environments, and patients' difficulties in communicating their concerns can be the causes of this miscommunication. In this thesis, I explore the design of visualizations to facilitate communication between healthcare providers and patients during clinical visits. In the first part (i) of this thesis, I present the results of a literature review I have conducted to expand our understanding of patients' and providers' communication challenges during in-clinic visits. In the second phase (ii) I discuss the results of interviews with healthcare providers and I contrast and compare patients' and providers' perspectives in the context of each other to unveil the roots of their communication challenges. Among the communication challenges we identified, I focus on exploring the challenges and the realities patients and healthcare providers face tracking and sharing patient-generated health data. In the third part of this dissertation (iii), I discuss the results of a series of interviews and focus groups with patients and healthcare providers I have conducted to gain a better understanding of patient-generated data communication challenges. I leverage this understanding to propose potential visualization designs representing patient-generated data collections to improve the process of reviewing and communicating these data between patients and healthcare providers. In the fourth part of this dissertation (iv), I discuss the results of the interviews with healthcare providers seeking their reflection on the proposed visualization designs. Finally, in collaboration with our healthcare provider team in Alberta Healthcare Services, I implement the prototypes of a number of carefully selected visualization designs. In the last part of this dissertation (v), I outline insights, lessons learned, and future research directions that arise from these studies and the design process. I hope this research provides more support for considering patients' and healthcare providers' individualities when designing technologies and visualizations in healthcare settings.
Η φορολογία των ενδοομιλικών μερισμάτων
Creators: name: Κοκκίνης, Φώτιος Γεωργίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2023
Subjects: Φορολογία
Μερίσματα
Ευρωπαϊκό φορολογικό δίκαιο
Taxation
Dividends
EU tax law

description: Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η ανάλυσης της φορολογίας των ενδοομιλικών μερισμάτων. Αρχικά εξετάστηκε το ζήτημα από την σκοπιά του διεθνούς φορολογικού δικαίου, ήτοι της Πρότυπης Σύμβασης του ΟΟΣΑ για την αποφυγή της διπλής φορολογίας. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάστηκε αναλυτικά το ενωσιακό νομοθετικό πλαίσιο, καθώς και η εκτενής νομολογία του Δικαστηρίου της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, που περιλαμβάνει και κρίσιμη νομολογία που αναπτύχθηκε με βάση το ελληνικό φορολογικό σύστημα (βλ. απόφαση Αθηναϊκής Ζυθοποιίας). Αναπτύχθηκαν στα πλαίσια του ενωσιακού δικαίου και οι πρόσφατες νομοθετικές εξελίξεις στο πεδίο της φορολογίας των μερισμάτων, που αφορούν κυρίως την προσπάθεια πάταξης της φοροαποφυγής τόσο σε ενωσιακό όσο και διεθνές επίπεδο. Τέλος, για λόγους πληρότητας γίνεται αναφορά στη ελληνικό σύστημα φορολογίας μερισμάτων, το οποίο εκσυγχρονίστηκε με τον Κώδικα Φορολογίας Εισοδήματος Ν. 4172/2013 και βασίστηκε εκ νέου στα διεθνή και ενωσιακά πρότυπα νομοθετήματα
description: The purpose of the thesis was the analysis of the taxation of intra-company dividends. Initially, the issue was examined from the point of view of international tax law, namely the OECD Model Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation. The EU legislative framework was then presented in detail, as well as the extensive jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which also includes crucial case law developed on the basis of the Greek tax system (see Athinaïki Zythopoiia decision). The recent legislative developments in the field of dividend taxation were also examined within the framework of EU law, which mainly concern the effort to combat tax avoidance both at the EU and international level. Finally, for the sake of completeness, reference is made to the Greek dividend taxation system, which was modernized with the Income Tax Code Law 4172/2013 and was based from the beginning on international and EU standard legislation
Structural-Level Racial-, Sexual Orientation-, and HIV-Related Discrimination and Subsequent Criminal Justice Involvement Among Young, Black, Men Who Have Sex With Men in North Carolina
Creators: name: Philbin, Morgan M.
name: Menza, Timothy W.
name: Hightow-Weidman, Lisa
name: Muessig, Kathryn E.
name: Legrand, Sara H.
Publisher: name: American Psychological Association (APA)
Year: 2023

description:
Multiple aspects of Black young men who have sex with men's (YMSM) identities cause them to be differentially targeted for arrest and incarceration. However, limited research has explored structural drivers of Black YMSM' criminal justice involvement, particularly co-occurring forms of discrimination. This article examines the temporal relationship between perceived racial discrimination, perceived sexual orientation discrimination, and community-level HIV discrimination and criminal justice involvement among Black YMSM in North Carolina. The study followed 465 Black YMSM from November 2013 to October 2016 who were recruited for a randomized controlled trial to test an internet-based intervention for Black YMSM living with, and at risk for HIV; participants completed online surveys at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between the three predictors at baseline (i.e., perceived racism and sexual orientation discrimination and community-level HIV discrimination) and criminal justice involvement at follow-up. All three predictor variables were significantly associated with subsequent criminal justice involvement in separate regression models that adjusted for other covariates: HIV discrimination (aOR = 1.06 [1.01-1.11]), perceived sexual orientation discrimination (aOR = 1.12 [1.00-1.27]), and perceived racism (aOR = 1.26 [1.12-1.42]). Perceived racism remained significant in the model with all three predictors (aOR = 1.29 [1.07-1.55]). Racism did not modify the relationship between HIV discrimination and perceived sexual orientation discrimination and criminal justice involvement. This study expands existing research by exploring racism as a structural driver of criminal justice involvement; we subsequently examined whether racism modified the effect of the two other predictors. It also contributes to research on co-occurring discrimination by examining their impact on an underrepresented population.
title: An automatic hybrid algorithm for selecting best motionless phase in coronary CT angiography images: using Taiwan cardiovascular AI consortium database
Creators: name: Lee, Cheng-Kuang
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Experimental
subject: Prospective
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Angioscopy
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Computer applications
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Avoiding motion artifacts and best-phase selection are crucial in the interpretation of Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography(CCTA). This study aimed to develop an effective automatic algorithm to quantify the degree of motion artifacts of...
The Behavioural, Neuroanatomical, and Molecular Effects of Chronic Social Stress on Mice That Lack Zinc Transporter 3 and Vesicular Zinc
Creators: name: McAllister, Brendan Barrymore
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Zinc
subject: ZnT3
subject: Stress
subject: Neurogenesis
subject: Fluoxetine
subject: BDNF
subject: Neuroscience

description: In certain neurons, zinc ions are stored in synaptic vesicles by a dedicated vesicular zinc transporter, called zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3). Vesicular zinc can then be released synaptically, in an activity-dependent fashion, to transmit signals by modulating a plethora of targets. To understand the function of vesicular zinc in the central nervous system, a useful tool is the ZnT3 knockout (KO) mouse, which lacks ZnT3 and, as a result, lacks vesicular zinc. Behavioural characterization of these mice has revealed subtle abnormalities in cognition and sensory processing. In addition, a pattern is becoming apparent, wherein ZnT3 KO mice behave normally under standard laboratory conditions but fail to exhibit neural plasticity and behavioural adaptation in response to certain treatments or experiences. The experiments described in this thesis were designed to assess how ZnT3 KO mice would respond to the experience of repeated social defeat (RSD) stress, a method of modelling depression-like behaviour in rodents, and to test the hypothesis that ZnT3 KO mice would fail to exhibit stress-induced neural plasticity, resulting in an altered behavioural response to stress. The primary finding was that, compared to wild type (WT) mice, ZnT3 KO mice exhibited reduced social avoidance of a novel conspecific following RSD, suggesting reduced susceptibility to the depression-like behaviour of social withdrawal. Both genotypes were equally susceptible to anxiety-like behaviour following RSD, however. To investigate the mechanisms behind the seemingly protective effect of eliminating vesicular zinc on stress-induced social avoidance, several neuroanatomical parameters were examined. No evidence was found that microglial activation, hippocampal neurogenesis, or hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels could account for the difference in behavioural outcome. However, some evidence was found that altered structure of the corpus callosum or reduced BDNF levels in the nucleus accumbens may contribute to the protection against social avoidance in ZnT3 KO mice. Further work will be required to validate and extend these findings, in order to more fully understand the mechanisms behind the altered behavioural response to chronic stress – and the altered capacity for experience-dependent neuroplasticity – in mice that lack vesicular zinc.
NMA-CN 2021 tutorials
Creators: name: Peters, Megan A. K.
name: Chavlis, Spiros
name: Ash, Arash
name: Batty, Ella
name: Bernard Marius 'T Hart
name: Wyble, Brad
name: Blohm, Gunnar
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Neuroscience
subject: Neuroscience and Neurobiology
subject: Life Sciences

description: This repository cotains the tutorials made for the NMA 2021 Computational Neuroscience summer school.
Song-Level Features and Support Vector Machines for Music Classification
Creators: name: Mandel, Michael I.
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Searching and organizing growing digital music collections requires automatic classification of music. This paper describes a new system, tested on the task of artist identification, that uses support vector machines to classify songs based on features calculated over their entire lengths. Since support vector machines are exemplar-based classifiers, training on and classifying entire songs instead of short-time features makes intuitive sense. On a dataset of 1200 pop songs performed by 18 artists, we show that this classifier outperforms similar classifiers that use only SVMs or song-level features. We also show that the KL divergence between single Gaussians and Mahalanobis distance between MFCC statistics vectors perform comparably when classifiers are trained and tested on separate albums, but KL divergence outperforms Mahalanobis distance when trained and tested on songs from the same albums.
title: Automatic segmentation of white hyperintensities in a healthy aging cohort using an ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Jimenez-Pastor, Ana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Computer applications
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CAD
subject: MR
subject: Neural networks
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Screening
subject: Segmentation
subject: Dementia
subject: Retrospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Although brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are involved in the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders, they are also very common in healthy older adults . In damaged white matter, increased tissue water content and myelin...
A probability model for interaural phase difference
Creators: name: Mandel, Michael I.
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we derive a probability model for interaural phase differences at individual spectrogram points. Such a model can combine observations across arbitrary time and frequency regions in a structured way and does not make any assumptions about the characteristics of the sound sources. In experiments with speech from twenty speakers in simulated reverberant environments, this probabilistic method predicted the correct interaural delay of a signal more accurately than generalized cross-correlation methods.
Next Generation Attacks on the Internet
Creators: name: Markatos, Evangelos
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science

description: Over the past few years we have seen the use of Internet worms, i.e., malicious self-replicating programs, as a mechanism to rapidly invade and compromise large numbers of remote computers. Although the first worms released on the Internet were large-scale easy to- spot massive security incidents, also known as flash worms, it is currently envisioned that future worms will be increasingly difficult to detect, and will be known as stealth worms. This is partly because the motives of the first worm developers were centered around the self-gratification brought by the achievement of compromising large numbers of remote computers, the motives of recent worm and malware developers are centered around financial and political gains. Therefore, although recent attackers still want to be able to control a large number of compromised computers, they prefer to compromise these computers as quietly as possible, over a longer period of time, so as not to be detected by any security defenses. Thus, to achieve a stealthy behavior, these attackers have started using, or at least have the capacity to use a wide variety of mechanisms that will make their worms more difficult to detect.
title: Image quality assessment of seven CT scanners from four vendors over a four-year-period
Creators: name: Andersen, Hilde
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics in Medical Imaging
subject: Radiation physics
subject: CT
subject: Physics
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Retrospective
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Continual technical development of CT scanners has increased its complexity and clinical application. Therefore, proper monitoring is required to optimize procedures for diagnostic quality and patient dose. Thus, to ensure that the system is...
title: Fine Needle Citology: with or without pathologist assistance?
Creators: name: D'Acierno, ludovica
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Pathology
subject: Cancer
subject: Sampling
subject: Biopsy
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Interventional Radiology

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: In the era of molecular and targeted therapies, since advanced radiological techniques have improved the detection of and access to smaller lesions, the current management of oncologic patients requires obtaining samples from the patients by...
Lower Extremity Muscle Activation Following a Previous Knee Injury: Implications for Post-Traumatic Knee Osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Mohr, Maurice
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Gait Analysis
subject: Electromyography
subject: Motor Unit
subject: Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis
subject: Knee Injury
subject: Muscle Activation
subject: Muscle Co-contraction
subject: Motor Control
subject: Muscle
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Medicine and Surgery
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy
subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: Individuals who sustain an intra-articular knee injury are at a high risk of developing post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA) 10-20 years later. Compensatory activation patterns of knee muscles in response to the trauma may persist past the acute injury phase and result in abnormal mechanical loading and subsequent osteoarthritis of the knee. This dissertation aimed to use surface electromyography (sEMG) to explore abnormal leg muscle activation patterns and their possible involvement in PTOA development in individuals who suffered a previous knee injury 3-12 years ago. The first part of this thesis presents methodological investigations related to two sEMG-based assessments of knee muscle activation strategies. It was shown that 1) sEMG amplitude-based co-contraction indices during gait exhibit poor between-day reliability and 2) the magnitude of intermuscular coherence strongly depends on the configuration and alignment of the sEMG electrodes. Building on the methodological findings, the second part of this thesis investigated the association between a previous knee injury and leg muscle activation during walking and squatting while considering the influence of sex. Sex-specific abnormalities in quadricep and hamstring muscle activation patterns were present for the affected leg in individuals more than three years after a previous knee injury. Altered quadricep and hamstring muscle activation may result in abnormal movement and loading of the knee joint and thus be linked to mechanical risk factors for PTOA development. This dissertation could not provide evidence, however, that altered thigh muscle activation was associated with more self-reported knee pain or symptoms indicative of PTOA development. From a methodological perspective, the poor reliability of current sEMG-based markers for abnormal muscle activation may lower the sensitivity to detect associations with risk factors for PTOA. From a conceptual perspective, the development of PTOA is not solely based on joint mechanics but depends on the interplay between mechanical, biological, and structural abnormalities of the joint following a knee injury. Therefore, the pathway to PTOA is likely unique to each individual such that a consistent association between abnormal muscle activation following a knee injury and PTOA risk may not exist.
Bureaucracy on the Ground in Colonial Mexico: A Window into the Visita of 1765
Creators: name: Erwin, Brittany
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Catholic Church
Colonial Administration
Tobacco
Playing Cards
Mining Industry
Royal Inspections

description: This exhibition explores the localized consequences of the royal inspection, or visita general, administered by José de Gálvez in New Spain from 1765-1771. In an empire as vast and diverse as Spain’s, visitas were valuable tools. On the one hand, they helped reinforce the authority of the king through detailed investigations of community life. At the same time, they demonstrated the king’s vested interest in local justice and the common good. The procedure that the Inspector, or Visitador, followed was lengthy and complex. During his tenure, he investigated the functioning of political, economic, social, and even ecclesiastical institutions. Upon the completion of the visita, it was the responsibility of Gálvez to turn his notes, correspondence, and recommendations into a comprehensible summary report for the king. This exhibition provides an introduction to that process through an analysis of more than 30 documents from the Genaro Garcia Collection.
Cranial Anatomy and Ontogeny of Gorgosaurus libratus (Tyrannosauridae: Albertosaurinae)
Creators: name: Voris, Jared Thomas
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: tyrannosaur
subject: Tyrannosauridae
subject: Gorgosaurus
subject: Daspletosaurus
subject: Ontogeny
subject: Paleontology
subject: Paleozoology

description: Tyrannosauridae is a diverse clade of Late Cretaceous theropod dinosaurs that exhibit significant changes in skull morphology through ontogeny. Whereas mature individuals of distinct tyrannosaurid taxa are morphologically disparate, immature individuals have been regarded as morphologically conservative between taxa. An analysis of newly-discovered juvenile material for the sympatric tyrannosaurids Gorgosaurus libratus and Daspletosaurus torosus from the Dinosaur Park Formation, including two complete skulls of Gorgosaurus and an isolated post-orbital of Daspletosaurus, reveals new information on the anatomy and ontogeny of tyrannosaurids. Although these two taxa were previously considered to be morphologically similar at juvenile stages, this study reveals that some taxonomically diagnostic characteristics are present at early ontogenetic stages and can be used to distinguish these taxa. In light of these diagnostic characteristics, it is discovered that a specimen previously identified as a juvenile Daspletosaurus, TMP 1994.143.1, is in fact assignable to the albertosaurine Gorgosaurus. An in-depth examination of the skull of juvenile Gorgosaurus specimens reveals that the ontogeny of this taxon is generally consistent with that of other tyrannosaurids, exhibiting such changes as an increase in cranium depth, development of cranial ornamentation, and widening of teeth. Furthermore, features considered autapomorphies for Gorgosaurus (e.g., curling of the post-orbital cornual process) and of synapomorphies for the more inclusive clade of Albertosaurinae (Gorgosaurus and Albertosaurus) are also shown to be ontogenetically variable.
title: Protocol selection in pediatric head CT examinations: would a size measurement better support pediatric versus adult protocol selection?
Creators: name: Dedulle, An
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Education and training
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Pediatric patients are not small adults ( Fig. 1 ): their anatomy is different and they are more radiosensitive [1]. This drives the need for dedicated pediatric protocols when it comes to Computed Tomography (CT) examinations. It is however noticed...
Observation of the fractional ac Josephson effect: the signature of Majorana particles
Creators: name: Rokhinson, Leonid P.
name: Liu, Xinyu
name: Furdyna, Jacek K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological superconductors which support Majorana fermions are thought to be realized in one-dimensional semiconducting wires coupled to a superconductor. Such excitations are expected to exhibit non-Abelian statistics and can be used to realize quantum gates that are topologically protected from local sources of decoherence. Here we report the observation of the fractional a.c. Josephson effect in a hybrid semiconductor/superconductor InSb/Nb nanowire junction, a hallmark of topological matter. When the junction is irradiated with a radio-frequency f in the absence of an external magnetic field, quantized voltage steps (Shapiro steps) with a height hf/2e are observed, as is expected for conventional superconductor junctions, where the supercurrent is carried by charge-2e Cooper pairs. At high magnetic fields the height of the first Shapiro step is doubled to hf/e, suggesting that the supercurrent is carried by charge-e quasiparticles. This is a unique signature of Majorana fermions, elusive particles predicted ca. 80 years ago.
description: the original manuscript submission date is March 20, 2012
Temporal feed restriction and overstocking increase competition for feed in group-housed dairy cattle
Creators: name: Collings, Lindsay Kathleen Morrison
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Dairy cows are often overstocked. Some managers are now also using ‘slick bunk’ management to save on feed costs, but this reduces the time cows have access to feed. Both practices may increase competition and affect feeding behaviour in cows. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of temporal and spatial restrictions on the feeding and competitive behavior of group-housed cows. Using a replicated Latin square design 48 Holstein cows were randomly assigned to groups of 6 cows. Groups were tested as overstocked at the feeder (2:1 cows:feed bin) or not (1:1 cow:bin) and provided feed access for either 14 or 24 h/d. DMI, feeding time and rate were measured for 24 h and 2 h following fresh feed delivery for the last 4 d of the 7 d periods. Displacements were recorded for 2 h after delivery of morning feed (peak feeding period) and 2 h following afternoon milking. DMI tended to decline when temporal access was restricted (27.0 vs. 25.7 ± 0.5 kg/d), but was not affected by overstocking (26.4 ± 1.9, mean ± SD). Temporally restricted cows spent less time feeding (190.9 vs. 207.9 ± 6.1 min). Overstocked cows that were also temporally restricted had greater feeding rates during the day (156 vs. 137 ± 4 g/min) and especially during the peak feeding period (175 vs. 146 ± 4 g/min) compared to cows that were not restricted. In the peak period, overstocked cows had reduced DMI (3.0 vs. 3.4 ± 0.1 kg/h) and feeding times (20.8 vs. 25.8 ± 1.0 min/h) and increased feeding rates (161 vs. 138 ± 4 g/min). Cows with restricted temporal access had greater DMI (3.9 vs. 2.6 ± 0.2 kg/h) and time spent feeding (27.3 vs. 19.2 ± 1.3 min/h) during the peak period, compared with cows that were not restricted. Restricting temporal access in conjunction with overstocking resulted in the greatest increase in daily displacements (15.0 vs. 3.8 ± 1.4 displacements/d); the majority of these occurred during the peak period. Adequate space and time to access feed is essential to minimize feed bunk competition in indoor group-housing systems.
The Ideal Interaural Parameter Mask: A Bound on Binaural Separation Systems
Creators: name: Mandel, Michael I.
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce the ideal interaural parameter mask as an upper bound on the performance of mask-based source separation algorithms that are based on the differences between signals from two microphones or ears. With two additions to our Model-based EM source separation and localization system, its performance approaches that of the IIPM upper bound to within 0.9 dB. These additions battle the effects of reverberation by absorbing reverberant energy and by forcing the ILD estimate to be larger than it might otherwise be. An oracle reliability measure was also added, in the hope that estimating parameters from more reliable regions of the spectrogram would improve separation, but it was not consistently useful.