cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Learning from biosignals
Creators: name: Supratak, Akara
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: A long-standing goal of the biosignal analysis is to develop tools that can continuously collect quality biosignals, and algorithms to extract meaningful information from them. This can lead to a better understanding of our health that allows us to adjust our daily activity to be suitable for our well-being, and provide treatments promptly. However, the conventional approaches to analyze biosignals rely on the development of algorithms to extract features from the signals (i.e., hand-engineering features). It can be labor-intensive and time-consuming to develop algorithms to extract such features for particular applications repeatedly. Also, the existing machine learning based systems assume that there are annotations associated with the particular patterns of biosignals; such annotations are very expensive to obtain. In this thesis, our objective is to develop models that can automatically learn features from biosignals without utilizing any hand-engineering features and can extract meaningful information from biosignals even when the labels of biosignals are not available. Our first contribution is that we propose a method that can remotely and accurately estimate walking speeds for people with walking impairments. This work also motivates us to use deep learning to automate the expensive feature engineering process in the remaining contributions. Our second contribution is that we propose a model that can automatically extract meaningful features from raw scalp EEG signals for epileptic seizure detection. We demonstrate that it can detect seizures without utilizing any seizure annotations. Our third contribution is that we propose a model that can automatically learn features that are useful for sleep stage scoring from raw single-channel EEG data, and achieved similar performance compared to the state-of-the-art hand-engineering ones. We also demonstrated that our model can generalize to two sleep datasets that have different properties without any modifications to the model architecture. Our final contribution is that we propose a novel data-driven approach that employs a signal transcription model to capture the relationships between signals from multiple domains to detect desynchronized biosignals as anomalies without utilizing any annotations.
Valley selecting current partition at zero-line mode of quantum anomalous Hall topologies
Creators: name: Luo, Ma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topologically protected zero-line modes appear at the interface between two regions of the monolayer graphene in quantum anomalous Hall phase with different Chern number. In the presence of staggered sublattice potential, the band gaps of the two valleys become different, and the phase diagram defined by the Chern number has an additional regime of topologically trivial phase. The interface between the topologically trivial and non-trivial regions hosts zero-line mode in only one valley. By tuning the exchange field, three types of interface that host zero-line modes in selected valley(s) are formed. The nano-devices consisted of Y-shape junctions of the three types of interface exhibit the functions of valley splitting, merging or filtering for the incident currents.
description: 6 figures
Probing qubit memory errors at the 10^−5 level
Creators: name: Tarlton, James Edward
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Trapped atomic ions are a promising candidate system for developing a quantum computer. All elementary operations for quantum information processing have al- ready been achieved in trapped-ion systems with errors below the “fault-tolerant threshold”, meaning that these errors are sufficiently small to be removed with quan- tum error correction. However, the preservation of quantum information over the short timescales that are relevant for quantum computing has not, to our knowledge, been measured before in trapped-ion qubits. Previous investigations have measured decoherence over long times and extrapolated an exponential decay model to short times. We directly measure the qubit memory error rate over short timescales, which is made possible by the high-fidelity single-qubit gates and state preparation and mea- surement in our system. Our qubit is a hyperfine “atomic clock” transition in 43Ca+, and gates are applied with near-field microwaves. We find that the assumption of exponential decay of qubit state coherence does not apply in our system. The data is fit well by a model of 1/f frequency noise with a low-frequency cutoff. The small- est memory error that we measure is 3(1)×10−6 over 2ms. The time at which our qubit memory error is 1×10−3, an important threshold for viable quantum error correction, is ≈400ms. We also present a design study into a new ion trap electrode geometry for applying near-field microwave two-qubit gates. This design features an ‘S’-shaped meander electrode to passively null the microwave field at the ions’ locations. It has improved isolation between the meander and other electrodes compared to previous work on this, which should reduce the sensitivity of the microwave field distribution to the boundary conditions of these electrodes. We show that the trap would allow for ion chains to be trapped, transported and split with feasible DC and RF voltages.
Motacilla ruticilla Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla
Motacilla ruticilla

description: Motacilla ruticilla [spec. nov.]
M. nigra, pectore macula alarum basique remigum rectricumque fulvis.
Motacilla americana. Catesb. car. 1. p. 67. t. 67.
Serino affinis avicula e croceo & nigro varia. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 312. Raj. av. 188. n. 51.
Ruticilla minor americana. Edw. av. 80. t. 80.
Habitat in America.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 186, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
РАЗРАБОТКА И ПРОИЗВОДСТВО БАДОВ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Creators: name: Кантуреева, Г.О.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В данной статье представлены результаты маркетингового исследования ассортимента биологически активных добавок (БАД) на Казахстанском фармацевтическом  рынке. Дана классификация и характеристика БАД. Биологически активные вещества имеют большое значение в протекании физиологических процессов живых организмов, в частности человека. Применение биологически активных веществ в рационе питания способствует поддержанию нормальной жизнедеятельности организма, а также оказывает на организм не только профилактическое, но и лечебное действие.
Cosmic strings, loops, and linear growth of matter perturbations
Creators: name: Wu, J. H. P.
name: Avelino, P. P.
name: Shellard, E. P. S.
name: Allen, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the detailed study and results of high-resolution numerical simulations of string-induced structure formation in open universes and those with a non-zero cosmological constant. The effect from small loops generated from the string network has also been investigated. We provide a semi-analytical model which can reproduce these simulation results. A detailed study of cosmic string network properties regarding structure formation is also given, including the correlation time, the topological analysis of the source spectrum, the correlation between long strings and loops, and the evolution of long-string and loop energy densities. For models with $Γ=Ωh=0.1--0.2 and a cold dark matter background, we show that the linear density fluctuation power spectrum induced by cosmic strings has both an amplitude at $8 h^{-1}$Mpc, $σ_8$, and an overall shape which are consistent within uncertainties with those currently inferred from galaxy surveys. The cosmic string scenario with hot dark matter requires a strongly scale-dependent bias in order to agree with observations.
description: 60 pages, 24 figures
The HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XV. A Cepheid Distance to the Fornax Cluster and Its Implications
Creators: name: Madore, Barry F.
name: Freedman, Wendy L.
name: Silbermann, N.
name: Harding, Paul
name: Huchra, John
name: Mould, Jeremy
name: Graham, John
name: Ferrarese, Laura
name: Gibson, Brad
name: Han, Mingsheng
name: Hoessel, John
name: Hughes, Shaun
name: Illingworth, Garth
name: Phelps, Randy
name: Sakai, Shoko
name: Stetson, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) 37 long-period Cepheid variables have been discovered in the Fornax Cluster spiral galaxy NGC 1365. The resulting V and I period-luminosity relations yield a true distance modulus of 31.35 +/- 0.07 mag, which corresponds to a distance of 18.6 +/- 0.6 Mpc. This measurement provides several routes for estimating the Hubble Constant. (1) Assuming this distance for the Fornax Cluster as a whole yields a local Hubble Constant of 70 +/-18_{random} [+/-7]_{systematic} km/s/Mpc. (2) Nine Cepheid-based distances to groups of galaxies out to and including the Fornax and Virgo clusters yield Ho = 73 (+/-16)_r [+/-7]_s km/s/Mpc. (3) Recalibrating the I-band Tully-Fisher relation using NGC 1365 and six nearby spiral galaxies, and applying it to 15 galaxy clusters out to 100 Mpc gives Ho = 76 (+/-3)_r [+/-8]_s km/s/Mpc. (4) Using a broad-based set of differential cluster distance moduli ranging from Fornax to Abell 2147 gives Ho = 72 (+/-)_r [+/-6]_s km/s/Mpc. And finally, (5) Assuming the NGC 1365 distance for the two additional Type Ia supernovae in Fornax and adding them to the SnIa calibration (correcting for light curve shape) gives Ho = 67 (+/-6)_r [+/-7]_s km/s/Mpc out to a distance in excess of 500 Mpc. All five of these Ho determinations agree to within their statistical errors. The resulting estimate of the Hubble Constant combining all these determinations is Ho = 72 (+/-5)_r [+/-12]_s km/s/Mpc.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, Apr. 10 issue 28 pages, 3 tables, 12 figures (Correct figures and abstract)
Characterization of the SPARC4 CCDs
Creators: name: Bernardes, D. V.
name: Martioli, E.
name: Rodrigues, C. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the photometric characterization of the four iXon Ultra 888 CCD cameras of the SPARC4 instrument, which will be installed on the 1.6 m telescope of the Pico dos Dias Observatory in Brazil. We applied experimental methodologies for a systematic characterization of the read noise, electronic gain, dark current, and quantum efficiency of the CCDs. We have analyzed the statistical distribution of the read noise, and also its spatial gradient and temporal variability, where we obtained an average value of the read noise of 6.33 electrons. We applied the Janesick method to determine the electronic gain, where we obtained an average value of 3.35 e-/ADU. We have also obtained an average dark current of 0.00014 e-/pix/s for CCD internal temperature of -70 oC. We have inspected the dependency of the dark current with temperature and the spatial distribution of the dark current, where we found a variable profile in the CCD 9917. We developed an experiment using a bench mounted monochromator to obtain the spectral dependency of the quantum efficiency in the spectral range between 350 nm and 1100 nm, where we measured the quantum efficiency for each camera. The camera 9915 presents the highest quantum efficiency of 95.8 %. Our results are compared with those from the manufacturer. These experiments allow us to diagnose the performance of these CCD cameras, an important sub-system of the SPARC4 instrument. It also provides a systematic way for monitoring the aging of the CCDs.
Novel techniques for mapping and ablating ventricular Tachycardia
Creators: name: Jamil-Copley, Shahnaz
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: ICD therapies reduce the mortality from VT but result in significant morbidity. VT ablation can prevent these therapies but recurrence rates remain high. I hypothesised that the identification of sources of VT needs alternative mapping approaches with more effective ablation delivery to improve procedure outcomes. Ablation of triggered VT is limited by lack of spontaneous tachycardia peri-procedurally and diagnostic challenges of mapping foci originating from adjacent chambers. I confirmed the feasibility of use of a non-invasive electrocardiographic mapping system at identifying the source of PVCs prior to invasive testing and its superiority in guiding ablation of outflow tract VT compared to conventional algorithms. Ablation of scar-related VT requires mapping during tolerated VT or substrate modification by extensive scar ablation to transect potential VT sustaining channels. Current mapping systems are unable to display the low-amplitude fractionated signals within scar channels. We (PK, NL, MKW, SJC) developed a novel mapping algorithm [Ripple Mapping (RM)] which simultaneously displays electrogram voltage and activation as dynamic bars moving according to their time-voltage relationship relative to a fiduciary reference. Clinical accuracy of RM was validated in atrial tachycardia cases (SJC). Application in VT ablation cases identified slow conduction channels which co-located to VT sustaining sites (SJC). The contribution of scar geometry to the VT substrate is unknown. I investigated this by developing a custom program (with WB) capable of creating a 3-D computational ventricular scar model from LGE-CMR. The scar border thickness gradient was significantly different between patients with and without spontaneous VT. The timing of VT ablation and transmurality of ablation lesions play a role in ablation outcomes. We tested the feasibility, safety and outcome of robotic (SJC) vs manual (VL) ablation in patients with ischaemic VT and whether outcomes of robotic-guided VT ablation would be superior to conservative management in patients presenting with their first device therapy. This thesis describes the development and testing of novel methods for mapping and ablating VT with the potential to reduce recurrence rates from VT. These are now being tested in prospective randomised studies to assess whether long term outcomes can also be improved.
Motacilla tiphia Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla
Motacilla tiphia

description: Motacilla tiphia [spec. nov.]
M. viridis, subtus flavescens, alis nigris: fasciis duabus albis.
Passer viridis indicus. Edw. av. 79. t. 79.
Habitat in Benghala.
Fasciae alarum ex apicibus tectricum albis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 186, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
QSO hosts and environments at z=0.9 to 4.2: JHK images with adaptive optics
Creators: name: Hutchings, J. B.
name: Crampton, D.
name: Morris, S. L.
name: Durand, D.
name: Steinbring, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed nine QSOs with redshifts 0.85 to 4.16 at near-IR wavelengths with the adaptive optics bonnette of the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope. Exposure times ranged from 1500 to 24000s (mostly near 7000s) in J, H, or K bands, with pixels 0.035 arcsec on the sky. The FWHM of the co-added images at the location of the quasars are typically 0.16 arcsec. Including another QSO published previously, we find associated QSO structure in at least eight of ten objects, including the QSO at z = 4.16. The structures seen in all cases include long faint features which appear to be tidal tails. In four cases we have also resolved the QSO host galaxy, but find them to be smooth and symmetrical: future PSF removal may expand this result. Including one object previously reported, of the nine objects with more extended structure, five are radio-loud, and all but one of these appear to be in a dense small group of compact galaxy companions. The radio-quiet objects do not occupy the same dense environments, as seen in the NIR. In this small sample we do not find any apparent trends of these properties with redshift, over the range 0.8 < z < 2.4. The colors of the host galaxies and companions are consistent with young stellar populations at the QSO redshift. Our observations suggest that adaptive optic observations in the visible region will exhibit luminous signatures of the substantial star-formation activity that must be occurring.
description: 22 pages including 10 tables, plus 11 figures. To appear in AJ
Spectroscopic studies of the charge-transfer state and device performance of hybrid and organic solar cells
Creators: name: Eisner, Flurin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: The last few years have witnessed a remarkable explosion in advances in the field of photovoltaics (PV) based on organic semiconductors as the light absorbing material, both in terms of device efficiency and in terms of the physical understanding of the underlying processes. This thesis aims to contribute to this field by examining two different types of solar cells based on light-absorbing organic semiconductors. It consists of two main parts connected through their focus on the role of charge transfer (CT) states on device performance, and more specifically on a focus on effect of CT states on open-circuit voltage losses. The first two results chapters focus on the fabrication and analysis of novel hybrid heterojunction solar cells based on the molecular inorganic semiconductor copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) in conjunction with light absorbing organic semiconductors, which show surprisingly high charge generation efficiencies. In the first results chapter I show that the formation of a hybrid CT-state formed at the interface between CuSCN and organic semiconductors is key to the charge generation process in these cells. In in the second results chapter I present the discovery of a remarkable nanostructured interface formed between CuSCN and PC70BM via solution processing with which it is possible to fabricate semi-transparent devices with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 5%, which is amongst the highest reported efficiencies for hybrid heterojunction solar cells. The final two results chapters focus on the role of CT-states in affecting the voltage losses of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors. In the third results chapter I present the device optimization and characterization of a solar cell based on a novel polymer:non-fullerene acceptor combination, and show that it is possible to fabricate solar cells with PCEs exceeding 13%, amongst the highest reported efficiencies at the time. I extend the analysis of the role of the CT-state in achieving this high efficiency in the last results chapter, where I present a new model that helps to explain the observation of very low non-radiative voltage losses in blends with a low driving energy for charge separation through the processes of hybridization of CT and local excited states.
Development of highly nonlinear polarization maintaining fibers with normal dispersion across entire transmission window
Creators: name: Dobrakowski, Dominik
name: Rampur, Anupamaa
name: Stępniewski, Grzegorz
name: Anuszkiewicz, Alicja
name: Lisowska, Jolanta
name: Pysz, Dariusz
name: Kasztelanic, Rafał
name: Klimczak, Mariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 78-05

description: Determined polarization state of light is required in nonlinear optics applications related to ultrashort and single-cycle light pulse generation. Such short time scales require up to full octave of spectral width of light. Fiber-based, pulse-preserving and linearly polarized supercontinuum can meet these requirements. We report on the development - from linear simulations of the fiber structure, through fabrication of physical fibers to their versatile characterization - of polarization maintaining, highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers, intended for femtosecond pumping at a wavelength of 1560 nm. Full octave of linearly polarized light around this wavelength would enable to cover amplification bandwidths of the three major fiber amplifiers from ytterbium doped systems up to thulium and holmium doped fiber amplifiers, with a coherent, linearly polarized seed signal. At the same time, an all-normal chromatic dispersion profile over an entire transmission window, and small dispersion of nonlinearity in the developed fibers, would facilitate use of commercially available femtosecond fiber lasers as pump sources for the developed fibers.
Multiwavelength Observations of GX 339-4 in 1996. I. Daily Light Curves and X-ray and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Smith, I. A.
name: Liang, E. P.
name: Lin, D.
name: Moss, M.
name: Crider, A.
name: Fender, R. P.
name: Durouchoux, Ph.
name: Corbel, S.
name: Sood, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of our multiwavelength campaign of GX 339-4 observations in 1996 we present our radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray observations made in July, when the source was in a hard state (= soft X-ray low state). The radio observations were made at the time when there was a possible radio jet. We show that the radio spectrum was flat and significantly variable, and that the radio spectral shape and amplitude at this time were not anomalous for this source. Daily light curves from our pointed observation July 9-23 using OSSE, from BATSE, and from the ASM on RXTE also show that there was no significant change in the X- and gamma-ray flux or hardness during the time the possible radio jet-like feature was seen. The higher energy portion of our pointed RXTE observation made July 26 can be equally well fit using simple power law times exponential (PLE) and Sunyaev-Titarchuk (ST) functions. An additional soft component is required, as well as a broad emission feature centered on 6.4 keV. This may be an iron line that is broadened by orbital Doppler motions and/or scattering off a hot medium. Its equivalent width is 600 eV. Our simplistic continuum fitting does not require an extra reflection component. Both a PLE and a ST model also fit our OSSE spectrum on its own. Although the observations are not quite simultaneous, combining the RXTE and CGRO spectra we find that the PLE model easily fits the joint spectrum. However, the ST model drops off too rapidly with increasing energies to give an acceptable joint fit.
description: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal. 25 pages. 11 figures
Genetic analysis of the role of RBPJ (CBF1) in Epstein-Barr Virus nuclear antigen 3C-mediated gene regulation
Creators: name: Gillman, Adam
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) is an oncoprotein essential to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mediated transformation of B cells. Exon-microarrays and ChIP-seq studies have shown EBNA3C directly regulates hundreds of genes yet the mechanisms behind how regulation is brought about are largely unknown. EBNA3C cannot bind DNA directly but instead must be tethered to chromatin through association with DNA binding transcription factors, the best described being the downstream effector molecular of the Notch signalling pathway, RBPJ (RBPJK/CBF1). Two RBPJ interaction motifs have been ascribed to EBNA3C, the 209TFGC212 and 226VWTP229 motif, but their functional significance had not been assessed in the context of B cell infection. To investigate the role of the EBNA3C:RBPJ interaction in B cell transformation, novel recombinant EBVs were generated carrying EBNA3C with either RBPJ interaction motif mutated, HDmut-EBNA3C or W227S-EBNA3C, or both motifs mutated creating a Double mutant-EBNA3C. Infection of resting B cells consistently lead to establishment of HDmut and W227S lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) but HDmut-EBNA3C infected cells proliferated more slowly than W227S-EBNA3C which resembled wild-type EBNA3C in its proliferation rate. Infection with Double mutant-EBNA3C virus established LCLs only in a few cases with a proliferation rate less than that of HDmut-EBNA3C. Gene expression analysis revealed HDmut-EBNA3C and Double mutant-EBNA3C were defective in regulating certain genes whereas no impairment in regulation was apparent in W227S LCLs. Focusing on the well characterised EBNA3C repressed genes COBLL1, ADAM28 and ADAMDEC1, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed both HDmut-EBNA3C and W227S-EBNA3C were equally able to bind to chromatin and recruit RBPJ. Double mutant-EBNA3C failed to bind chromatin, showing that the impaired regulatory function of HDmut-EBNA3C is distinct from that of Double mutant-EBNA3C. Therefore, HDmut-EBNA3C allowed for investigation of the regulatory mechanism behind EBNA3C repression decoupled from the role of RBPJ. Despite failing to effectively represses these genes, HDmut-EBNA3C recruited polycomb group proteins BMI1 and SUZ12, resulting in deposition of the repression-associated mark H3K27me3. However, HDmut-EBNA3C failed to effectively remove the activation-associated marks H3K4me3 and H3K9Ac from these genes. EBNA3C was found to interact with the H3K4me3 demethylase KDM2B and this interaction was disrupted in HDmut-EBNA3C. Lentiviral knockdown of KDM2B in the conditional EBNA3C system (EBNA3C-HT) prevented EBNA3C directed removal of H3K4me3 from the transcription start sites of COBLL1, ADAM28 and ADAMDEC1 and prevented repression. Taken together, these data provide strong support for the proposed two-step repression model of EBNA3 regulation and implicate KDM2B as an important factor in EBNA3C mediated repression.
Multiwavelength Observations of GX 339-4 in 1996. II. Rapid X-ray Variability
Creators: name: Smith, I. A.
name: Liang, E. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of our multiwavelength campaign of GX 339-4 observations in 1996 we present the rapid X-ray variability observed July 26 using the RXTE when the source was in a hard state (= soft X-ray low state). We found that the source was extremely variable, with many bright flares. The flares have relatively symmetric time profiles. There are a few time intervals where the flux rises steadily and then drops suddenly, sometimes to a level lower than the average before the increase. Hardness ratios showed that the source was slightly softer when the flux was brighter. The power density spectra (PDS) were also complicated and we found that broken power laws do not provide adequate fits to any of them. Instead a pair of zero-centered Lorentzians gives a good general description of the shape of the PDS. We found several quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO), including some that are harmonically spaced with the most stable frequency at 0.35 Hz. While the overall rms variability of the source was close to being constant throughout the observation (29% integrating between 0.01 and 50 Hz), there is a small but significant change in the PDS shape with time. More importantly, we show that the soft 2-5 keV band is more variable than the harder 5-10 and 10-40 keV bands, which is unusual for this source and for other black hole candidates. Cross correlation functions (CCF) between these bands show that the light curve for the 10-40 keV band lags that of the 2-5 keV band by 5 msec.
description: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal. 20 pages. 8 figures
Multiwavelength Observations of GX 339-4 in 1996. III. Keck Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Smith, I. A.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Leonard, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of our multiwavelength campaign of observations of GX 339-4 in 1996 we present our Keck spectroscopy performed on May 12 UT. At this time, neither the ASM on the RXTE nor BATSE on the CGRO detected the source. The optical emission was still dominated by the accretion disk with V approximately 17 mag. The dominant emission line is H alpha, and for the first time we are able to resolve a double peaked profile. The peak separation Delta v = 370 +/- 40 km/s. Double peaked H alpha emission lines have been seen in the quiescent optical counterparts of many black hole X-ray novae. However, we find that the peak separation is significantly smaller in GX 339-4, implying that the optical emission comes from a larger radius than in the novae. The H alpha emission line may be more akin to the one in Cygnus X-1, where it is very difficult to determine if the line is intrinsically double peaked because absorption and emission lines from the companion star dominate.
description: Submitted to Astrophysical Journal. 10 pages. 2 figures
title: ADCO, Cartulaire des Dominicains de Dijon (1286), Cart. 221 (H 53), 170 folios, f. 0198
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire des Dominicains de Dijon (1286), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 221 (H 53), 170 folios. Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire des Dominicains de Dijon (1286), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 221 (H 53), 170 folios, f. 0198, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7003
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15250518p
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/02643413X/id
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/6453767
Chemically functionalised graphene biosensor for the label-free sensing of exosomes
Creators: name: Kwong Hong Tsang, Deana
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Exosomes are a subpopulation of vesicles that are expelled from all cells and are speculated to have some role in the development of cancerous tissue. The work in this thesis presents the sensitive and specific electrical detection of exosomes in solution using a graphene field effect transistor (gFET) biosensor: non-covalently functionalised using an intermediate linker and conjugated with anti-CD63 antibodies. The intermediate linker chosen was a pyrene based molecule, which pi-stacks to the graphene surface without disruption, or introduction of high defect density, to the graphene sp2 hybridised structure unlike covalent functionalisation. The gFET biosensor could act as an cheap, wafer-scalable alternative to more conventional labelling techniques and the current state-of-the-art optical techniques that use surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on functionalised gold substrates, which have so far detected down to 1000 exosomes/μL. By exposing only part of the graphene surface to charged species using a microfluidic channel, regions of different doping levels arose in the same graphene film. This manifested as an additional minimum, which shifted to higher gate voltage (Vg) in the transfer characteristic and saturated over 30 minutes when graphene was exposed to exosomes. The saturation was attributed to an equilibrium between exosomes binding and unbinding to anti-CD63 antibodies. As exosomes exhibit negative charge when in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7, the accumulation of positive charge in the exposed graphene as they come close to its surface causes a shift to higher Vg by the electrostatic field effect. Therefore the exposed graphene becomes p-doped relative to when exposed only to PBS. The value of the shift after 30 minutes was also concentration dependent with sensitivity down to a concentration of 0.1 μg/mL exosomes (5000 exosomes/μL). By using two negative controls: an isotype control antibody and a non-specific protein target, the gFET sensor was also shown to be specific to CD63 in exosome membranes. Both back-gated and electrolyte top-gated gFETs were used for exosome detection whereby capacitative effects as well as electrostatic effects contributed to the sensing mechanism for the electrolyte top-gated gFET.
Additional file 3: of A qualitative study to explore the attitudes of women and obstetricians towards caesarean delivery in rural Bangladesh
Creators: name: Begum, Tahmina
name: Ellis, Cathryn
name: Sarker, Malabika
name: Jean-Francois Rostoker
name: Aminur Rahman
name: Anwar, Iqbal
name: Reichenbach, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Interview guidelines. Guidelines to conduct In-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion. Three separate guidelines were used for in-depth interview with post caesarean women, obstetricians and Focus group discussions with pregnant women. (PDF 419 kb)
Improving trade-offs between multiple metrics in parallel queueing systems
Creators: name: Pesu, Tommi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Parallel Queueing Networks can be used to model and optimise systems in many different en- vironments, such as distributed storage facilities, multi-core processors, RAID systems, supply chains and public services such as hospitals. The various stakeholders involved with the systems will often measure the performance of such systems using a wide range of metrics that often conflict with each other. Metrics of interest include task response time, subtask dispersion and energy consumption. Subtask dispersion is a recent metric, which is the difference in time of the first and last subtask to complete. The trade-offs between metrics can be controlled in various ways. Within this context, this thesis makes four primary contributions, the first of which of is to compare various delay- padding techniques in split–merge and fork–join parallel queueing models, with respect to task response time and subtask dispersion. We compare seven techniques from the literature, including some of our own, against each other across multiple case studies, in order to determine their strengths and weaknesses. Our results indicate that dynamic delay padding in a fork–join setting is currently the most promising technique for improving the trade-off between subtask dispersion and task response time. Our second contribution is to extend existing delay-padding techniques to work in a class of multi-layered parallel queueing environments, specifically Hidden Stochastic PERT Networks. We develop a technique which uses a state-of-the-art genetic algorithm to improve the trade- off between task service time and subtask dispersion. The method is able to robustly control subtask dispersion and task response time in a case study network. The third contribution is a systematic survey, which investigates alternative approaches for improving the performance of parallel queueing systems. Promising candidates include service restart and service replication. The final contribution is to combine multiple techniques: delay padding, state-dependent service strategies, service restart and service replication to provide greatly improved performance in terms of a three-way optimisation involving task response time, subtask dispersion and energy consumption. In the best case we managed to reduce the cost function by over 90% compared to an unoptimised system.
Radio polarimetric imaging of the interstellar medium: magnetic field and diffuse ionized gas structure near the W3/W4/W5/HB3 complex
Creators: name: Gray, A. D.
name: Landecker, T. L.
name: Dewdney, P. E.
name: Taylor, A. R.
name: Willis, A. G.
name: Normandeau, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used polarimetric imaging to study the magneto-ionic medium of the Galaxy, obtaining 1420 MHz images with an angular resolution of 1' over more than 40 square-degrees of sky around the W3/W4/W5/HB3 HII region/SNR complex in the Perseus Arm. Features detected in polarization angle are imposed on the linearly polarized Galactic synchrotron background emission by Faraday rotation arising in foreground ionized gas having an emission measure as low as 1 cm^{-6} pc. Several new remarkable phenomena have been identified, including: mottled polarization arising from random fluctuations in a magneto-ionic screen that we identify with a medium in the Perseus Arm, probably in the vicinity of the HII regions themselves; depolarization arising from very high rotation measures (several times 10^3 rad m^{-2}) and rotation measure gradients due to the dense, turbulent environs of the HII regions; highly ordered features spanning up to several degrees; and an extended influence of the HII regions beyond the boundaries defined by earlier observations. In particular, the effects of an extended, low-density ionized halo around the HII region W4 are evident, probably an example of the extended HII envelopes postulated as the origin of weak recombination-line emission detected from the Galactic ridge. Our polarization observations can be understood if the uniform magnetic field component in this envelope scales with the square-root of electron density and is 20 microG at the edge of the depolarized region around W4, although this is probably an over-estimate since the random field component will have a significant effect.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures (7 jpeg and 1 postscript), accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Motacilla oenanthe Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla
Motacilla oenanthe

description: Motacilla oenanthe [spec. nov.]
M. dorso cano, fronte alba, oculorum fascia nigra. Fn. svec. 217.
Oenanthe s. Vitiflora. Jonst. av. 123. t. 45. f. 13. Will. orn. 168. t. 41. f. 4. Raj. av. 75. n. 1. Alb. av. 1. p. 53. t. 55.
Motacilla subtus pallida, rectricibus introrsum albis, dorso undulato. Fn. svec. 219.
Oenanthes vitiflorae femina. Alb. av. 3. p. 50. t. 54.
Habitat in Europae apricis lapidosis.
Sexu & aetate varia; cessante nocturno frigore advenit.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 186, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Distributed Computation, the Twisted Isomorphism, and Auto-Poiesis
Creators: name: Manthey, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1

description: This paper presents a synchronization-based, multi-process computational model of anticipatory systems called the Phase Web. It describes a self-organizing paradigm that explicitly recognizes and exploits the existence of a boundary between inside and outside, accepts and exploits intentionality, and uses explicit self-reference to describe eg. auto-poiesis. The model explicitly connects computation to a discrete Clifford algebraic formalization that is in turn extended into homology and co-homology, wherein the recursive nature of objects and boundaries becomes apparent and itself subject to hierarchical recursion. Topsy, a computer program embodying the Phase Web, is available at www.cs.auc.dk/topsy.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures. Originally submitted to the neuro-sys archive which was never publicly announced (was 9809001)
Diamagnetic property and optical absorption in conventional superconductors with magnetic impurities
Creators: name: Yang, F.
name: Wu, M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By solving the renormalization of the $s$-$d$ interaction from magnetic impurities embeded in conventional superconductors at low concentration, we derive the macroscopic superconducting phase fluctuation and electromagnetic properties within the path-integral approach. It is found that there exist two superconducting phase modes, both exhibiting similar behaviors of the Nambu-Goldstone mode. The existence of two phase modes suggests that in addition to the conventional free Cooper pairs as in the BCS case, there emerges a small part of the localized Cooper pairs around magnetic impurities due to the quantum correlation by the $s$-$d$ interaction, acting as Josephson islands. The emerging impurity Shiba bands inside the superconducting gap then correspond to the excitations of the ground state of the localized Cooper pairs, associated with the breaking of these Cooper pairs. In the diamagnetic response, the state of the free Cooper pairs gives rise to the conventional real contribution in the generated supercurrent, whereas the one of the localized Cooper pairs results in an imaginary contribution, leading to the superconducting Friedel oscillation, i.e., oscillation in the decay of the vector potential in the Meissner effect. As for the optical absorption of a conventional superconductor lying in the anomalous-skin-effect region, it is found that besides the conventional interband transition of Bogoliubov quasiparticles as revealed by Mattis-Bardeen theory, there also exist the interband transition between the impurity Shiba bands as well as all interband transitions between Bogoliubov quasiparticle and impurity Shiba bands. These transitions exhibit clear and separate resonance characters, providing a feasible scheme for the experimental detection.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Linear probing and graphs
Creators: name: Knuth, Donald E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mallows and Riordan showed in 1968 that labeled trees with a small number of inversions are related to labeled graphs that are connected and sparse. Wright enumerated sparse connected graphs in 1977, and Kreweras related the inversions of trees to the so-called ``parking problem'' in 1980. A~combination of these three results leads to a surprisingly simple analysis of the behavior of hashing by linear probing, including higher moments of the cost of successful search.
Transverse momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors of charged particles in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) spectra of charged particles at mid-pseudorapidity in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV measured with the ALICE apparatus at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The kinematic range $0.15 < p_{\rm T} < 50$ GeV/$c$ and $|η| < 0.8$ is covered. Results are presented in nine classes of collision centrality in the 0-80% range. For comparison, a pp reference at the collision energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.44 TeV is obtained by interpolating between existing \pp measurements at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 and 7 TeV. The nuclear modification factors in central Xe-Xe collisions and Pb-Pb collisions at a similar center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, and in addition at 2.76 TeV, at analogous ranges of charged particle multiplicity density $\left\langle\rm{d}N_{\rm ch}/\rm{d}η\right\rangle$ show a remarkable similarity at $p_{\rm T}> 10$ GeV/$c$. The centrality dependence of the ratio of the average transverse momentum $\left\langle p_{\rm{T}}\right\rangle$ in Xe-Xe collisions over Pb-Pb collision at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 TeV is compared to hydrodynamical model calculations.
description: 49 pages, 7 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 43, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/4289
Additional file 6: of Smoking is associated with quantifiable differences in the human lung DNA virome and metabolome
Creators: name: Gregory, Ann
name: Sullivan, Matthew
name: Segal, Leopoldo
name: Keller, Brian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S5. Comparison of background saline of smokers and nonsmokers. (A) PCoA of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from pre-bronchoscopy control saline samples. (B) Heatmap of 16S rRNA OTU abundances (columns) with hierarchical clustering of smoker and nonsmoker pre-bronchoscopy control saline samples (rows). (DOCX 101 kb)
Additional file 5: of Smoking is associated with quantifiable differences in the human lung DNA virome and metabolome
Creators: name: Gregory, Ann
name: Sullivan, Matthew
name: Segal, Leopoldo
name: Keller, Brian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Figure S4. Venn diagram of the number of viral populations unique to and shared between smokers and nonsmokers. (DOCX 31 kb)
Koga_DL-Tauopathies_Data
Creators: name: Koga, Shunsuke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Corticobasal degeneration
Pick's disease
Tauopathy
Machine learning
Digital pathology

description: Image datasets and tuned models used in the paper (Koga et al., 2021). Data.zip contains image and text files for training models. Test.zip contains 12 images from 4 patients, which are a part of the hold-out dataset images used in the paper. Python code is available at GitHub (https://github.com/Koga-MD/DL-Tauopathies).
Result Assessment Tool : software to support studies based on data from search engines
Creators: name: Sünkler, Sebastian
name: Yagci, Nurce
name: Schultheiß, Sebastian
name: von Mach, Sonja
name: Lewandowski, Dirk
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: search engine evaluation
subject: web scraping
subject: retrieval tests
subject: 020: Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: The Result Assessment Tool (RAT) is a software toolkit for conducting research with results from commercial search engines and other information retrieval (IR) systems. The software integrates modules for study design and management, automatic collection of search results via web scraping, and evaluation of search results in an assessment interface using different question types. RAT can be used for conducting a wide range of studies, including retrieval effectiveness studies, classification studies, and content analyses.