cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Vlasov analysis of relaxation and meta-equilibrium
Creators: name: Anteneodo, Celia
name: Vallejos, Raul O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hamiltonian Mean-Field model (HMF), an inertial XY ferromagnet with infinite-range interactions, has been extensively studied in the last few years, especially due to its long-lived meta-equilibrium states, which exhibit a series of anomalies, such as, breakdown of ergodicity, anomalous diffusion, aging, and non-Maxwell velocity distributions. The most widely investigated meta-equilibrium states of the HMF arise from special (fully magnetized) initial conditions that evolve to a spatially homogeneous state with well defined macroscopic characteristics and whose lifetime increases with the system size, eventually reaching equilibrium. These meta-equilibrium states have been observed for specific energies close below the critical value 0.75, corresponding to a ferromagnetic phase transition, and disappear below a certain energy close to 0.68. In the thermodynamic limit, the $μ$-space dynamics is governed by a Vlasov equation. For finite systems this is an approximation to the exact dynamics. However, it provides an explanation, for instance, for the violent initial relaxation and for the disappearance of the homogeneous states at energies below 0.68.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to the Proceedings of the 31st Workshop of the International School of Solid State Physics ``Complexity, Metastability and Nonextensivity'', held at the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture, Erice, Sicily, Italy, July 2004. Edited by C. Tsallis, A. Rapisarda and C. Beck
Böhlig, Alexander; Wisse, Frederik: Zum Hellenismus in den Schriften von Nag Hammadi
Creators: name: Davids, A.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 61 (1977): Oriens christianus, Band 61
From young massive star cluster to old globular: the L_V-sigma_0 relationship as a diagnostic tool
Creators: name: de Grijs, R.
name: Wilkinson, M. I.
name: Tadhunter, C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new analysis of the properties of the young massive star clusters, which demonstrates that these objects are plausible progenitors of old globular clusters (GCs). The method is based on the tight relationship for old GCs between their V-band luminosities and (central) velocity dispersions, sigma_0. We improve the significance of the relationship and find that its functional form, L_V/Lsun \propto sigma_0^(1.57 +- 0.10) (km/s), is fully consistent with previous determinations for smaller Galactic and M31 GC samples. The tightness of the relationship for a GC sample drawn from environments as diverse as those found in the Local Group implies that its origin must be sought in intrinsic properties of the GC formation process itself. We evolve the luminosities of the young massive star clusters (YMCs) in the local Universe to an age of 12 Gyr and find that most YMCs will evolve to loci close to, or to slightly fainter luminosities than the improved GC relationship. In the absence of significant external disturbances, this implies that these objects may potentially survive to become old GC-type objects over a Hubble time. The main advantage of our new method is its simplicity; the only observables required here are the system's velocity dispersion and luminosity. The most important factor affecting the robustness of our conclusions is the adopted form of the initial mass function. We use N-body simulations to confirm that dynamical evolution of the clusters does not significantly alter our conclusions. [ABRIDGED]
description: 22 pages LaTeX (incl. 6 ps figures); accepted for publication in MNRAS
Modelling Nitrogen Fertiliser Demand in New Zealand
Creators: name: Austin, Darran
name: Cao, Kay
name: Rys, Gerald
name: Austin, Darran
name: Cao, Kay
name: Rys, Gerald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Nitrogen fertiliser demand
subject: New Zealand
subject: Cointegration

description: In New Zealand, the demand for nitrogen fertiliser has increased markedly since the early 1980s. Potentially, this trend has significant environmental and climate change implications. While many factors could contribute to this trend, little work has been done to examine the drivers of increased use of nitrogen fertiliser in New Zealand. In this paper, we review the international literature and discuss a theoretical framework for modelling fertiliser demand. Using a national data set, we develop an empirical cointegration model for New Zealand. The results suggest that, in the long run, nitrogen fertiliser use is elastic (2.3) to output prices and unit elastic to its own price.
The SCUBA HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) -- I. Survey motivation, design and data processing
Creators: name: Mortier, A. M. J.
name: Serjeant, S.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: Scott, S. E.
name: consortium, the SHADES
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SCUBA HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) is a major blank-field extragalactic sub-mm survey underway at the James Clerk Maxwell telescope.SHADES aims to cover half a square degree at 450+850microns to a 4sigma depth of ~8mJy at 850microns. Two fields are being observed, the Subaru/XMM--Newton Deep Field (SXDF) and the Lockman Hole East. The survey has 3 main aims to investigate: i) the cosmic history of massive dust enshrouded star-formation activity, ii) the clustering properties of sub-mm-selected galaxies in order to determine whether these objects could be progenitors of present-day massive ellipticals, and iii) the fraction of sub-mm-selected sources that harbour AGN. To achieve these aims requires the sub-mm data be combined with co-spatial information spanning the radio-to-X-ray frequency range, the resulting extensive multi-wavelength dataset providing complete photometric redshift information accurate to delta z 3sigma at 850microns, uncorrected for Eddington bias. A refined re-analysis of the original 8-mJy survey Lockman hole data was carried out in order to evaluate the new data reduction pipeline. Of the 17 most secure sources in the original sample, 12 have been re-confirmed, including 10 of the 11 for which radio IDs were previously secured.(Abridged)
description: 20 pages including 10 figures and 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: City of Sacramento Sump Modification Project
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response for the City ofSacramento Pump Outfalls Replacement Project
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2021

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; WCRO-2021-01557
The Role of Agricultural Consultants in the New Zealand Research, Development and Extension System
Creators: name: Botha, Neels
name: Coutts, Jeff
name: Roth, Hein
name: Botha, Neels
name: Coutts, Jeff
name: Roth, Hein
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Agricultural consultants
subject: environment
subject: RD&E system

description: This paper discusses the findings from a pilot study of New Zealand agricultural consultants aiming to describe the role of agricultural consultancy within the New Zealand RD&E system with specific reference to their role in environmental management. The study comprised a literature review, interviews with informed persons and case studies. Agricultural consultants generally operate chiefly in the area of farm economics and management, but their positioning makes them well-placed for impacting positively on environmental management on farms. They assist producer decision-making by providing industry intelligence, up-to-date information and analysis of options. Consultants fulfil the role of knowledge broker reasonably effectively, but some were out of the direct RD&E loop.
Spectroscopic Redshifts for Seven Lens Galaxies
Creators: name: Ofek, Eran O.
name: Maoz, Dan
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Kochanek, Christopher S.
name: Falco, Emilio E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report VLT observations of 11 lensed quasars, designed to measure the redshifts of their lens galaxies. We successfully determined the redshifts for seven systems, five of which were previously unknown. The securely measured redshifts for the lensing galaxies are: HE0047-1756 z=0.408; PMNJ0134-0931 z=0.766; HE0230-2130 z=0.522; HE0435-1223 z=0.455; SDSS0924+021 z=0.393; LBQS1009-025 z=0.871; and WFIJ2033-472 z=0.658. For four additional systems (BRI0952-0115, Q1017-207, Q1355-2257 and PMNJ1632-003) we estimate tentative redshifts based on some features in their spectra.
description: 8 pages, ApJ, submitted
Study on segregation behavior of alloying elements in titanium alloys during solidification
Creators: name: Kawakami, Akira
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A fundamental study was conducted on segregation behavior of alloying elements in titanium alloys to clarify the formation mechanism of "beta-flecks", melt-related defects enriched in beta stabilizing elements, which can cause a decrease in mechanical performance. Commercial titanium alloys, which are prone to the beta-fleck formation, such as 10-2-3 (Ti-10%V-2%Fe-3%Al), Ti-17(Ti-5%Al-2%Sn-2%Zr-4%Mo-4%Cr) and 6242 (Ti-6%Al-2%Sn-4%Zr-2%Mo) were used. Solidification parameters, such as dendrite arm spacing, distribution coefficients and densities of solid/liquid phase during solidification, were investigated in these alloys. Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) revealed that periodicity in distribution profiles of alloying elements corresponded to the primary or secondary dendrite arm spacing both in laboratory melted 10-2-3 ingots and in production 10-2-3 and Ti-17 ingots. This result indicates that EPMA is an effective method to clarify the dimensions of dendrite structures in titanium alloys(no good etching technique has been demonstrated that resolves the original dendritic structure). Distribution coefficients of alloying elements in 10-2-3, Ti-17 and 6242 were experimentally obtained using a zone-melting furnace. Distribution coefficients for iron in 10-2-3, zirconium and molybdenum in 6242 were deviated from the equilibrium distribution coefficients calculated from the binary phase diagrams. The fraction solidified (f[sub s]) at the initiation of beta-flecks was estimated to be 0.9 in 10-2-3 and Ti-17 using the Scheil equation, in which experimentally obtained distribution coefficients were used. The density of liquid and solid metal at around the melting point was estimated with the calculation software "METALS" and it was clarified that solid metal is heavier than liquid enriched with iron in 10-2-3 and that enriched with chromium in Ti-17. The Rayleigh number was calculated to exceed 1 when the periodicity of chromium observed in a Ti-17 production ingot was assumed to be primary dendrite arm spacing. This fact suggests that the density-driven downward flow of liquid metal can occur. This in turn could cause channels perpendicular to the solidification direction and lead to the formation of beta-flecks, and supports the proposed mechanism. However, there are still some questions about the mechanism, such as the possibility of fluid flow at the final stage of solidification and the validity of considering the periodicity as primary dendrite arm spacing.
Multiband GPI Imaging of the HR 4796A Debris Disk
Creators: name: Chen, Christine H.
name: Mazoyer, Johan
name: Poteet, Charles A.
name: Ren, Bin
name: Duchêne, Gaspard
name: Hom, Justin
name: Arriaga, Pauline
name: Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.
name: Arnold, Jessica
name: Bailey, Vanessa P.
name: Bruzzone, Juan Sebastián
name: Chilcote, Jeffrey
name: Choquet, Élodie
name: De Rosa, Robert J.
name: Draper, Zachary H.
name: Esposito, Thomas M.
name: Fitzgerald, Michael P.
name: Follette, Katherine B.
name: Hibon, Pascale
name: Hines, Dean C.
name: Kalas, Paul
name: Marchis, Franck
name: Matthews, Brenda
name: Milli, Julien
name: Patience, Jennifer
name: Perrin, Marshall D.
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Rajan, Abhijith
name: Rantakyrö, Fredrik T.
name: Rodigas, Timothy J.
name: Roudier, Gael M.
name: Schneider, Glenn
name: Soummer, Rémi
name: Stark, Christopher
name: Wang, Jason J.
name: Ward-Duong, Kimberly
name: Weinberger, Alycia J.
name: Wilner, David J.
name: Wolff, Schuyler
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) J-, H-, K1-, and K2-Spec observations of the iconic debris ring around the young, main-sequence star HR 4796A. We applied several point-spread function (PSF) subtraction techniques to the observations (Mask-and-Interpolate, RDI-NMF, RDI-KLIP, and ADI-KLIP) to measure the geometric parameters and the scattering phase function for the disk. To understand the systematic errors associated with PSF subtraction, we also forward-modeled the observations using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework and a simple model for the disk. We found that measurements of the disk geometric parameters were robust, with all of our analyses yielding consistent results; however, measurements of the scattering phase function were challenging to reconstruct from PSF-subtracted images, despite extensive testing. As a result, we estimated the scattering phase function using disk modeling. We searched for a dependence of the scattering phase function with respect to the GPI filters but found none. We compared the H-band scattering phase function with that measured by Hubble Space Telescope STIS at visual wavelengths and discovered a blue color at small scattering angles and a red color at large scattering angles, consistent with predictions and laboratory measurements of large grains. Finally, we successfully modeled the SPHERE H2 HR 4796A scattered phase function using a distribution of hollow spheres composed of silicates, carbon, and metallic iron.
description: 34 pages, 30 figures, accepted in ApJ
Colors of an Earth-like exoplanet -- Temporal flux and polarization signals of the Earth
Creators: name: Groot, A.
name: Rossi, L.
name: Trees, V. J. H.
name: Cheung, J. C. Y.
name: Stam, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the total flux and polarization signals of Earth-like planets and their spectral and temporal variability is essential for the future characterization of such exoplanets. We provide computed total (F) and linearly (Q and U) and circularly (V) polarized fluxes, and the degree of polarization P of sunlight that is reflected by a model Earth, to be used for instrument designs, optimizing observational strategies, and/or developing retrieval algorithms. We modeled a realistic Earth-like planet using one year of daily Earth-observation data: cloud parameters (distribution, optical thickness, top pressure, and particle effective radius), and surface parameters (distribution, surface type, and albedo). The Stokes vector of the disk-averaged reflected sunlight was computed for phase angles alpha from 0 to 180 degrees, and for wavelengths lambda from 350 to 865 nm. The total flux F is one order of magnitude higher than the polarized flux Q, and Q is two and four orders of magnitude higher than U and V, respectively. Without clouds, the peak-to-peak daily variations due to the planetary rotation increase with increasing lambda for F, Q, and P, while they decrease for U and V. Clouds modify but do not completely suppress the variations that are due to rotating surface features. With clouds, the variation in F increases with increasing lambda, while in Q, it decreases with increasing lambda, except at the largest phase angles. In earlier work, it was shown that with oceans, Q changes color from blue through white to red. The alpha where the color changes increases with increasing cloud coverage. Here, we show that this unique color change in Q also occurs when the oceans are partly replaced by continents, with or without clouds. The degree of polarization P shows a similar color change. Our computed fluxes and degree of polarization will be made publicly available.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
The thermal operator representation for Matsubara sums
Creators: name: Espinosa, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove in full generality the thermal operator representation for Matsubara sums in a relativistic field theory of scalar and fermionic particles. It states that the full result of performing the Matsubara sum associated to any given Feynman graph, in the imaginary-time formalism of finite-temperature field theory, can be directly obtained from its corresponding zero-temperature energy integral, by means of a simple linear operator, which is independent of the external Euclidean energies and whose form depends solely on the topology of the graph.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, RevTex
Micromechanical bolometers for sub-Terahertz detection at room temperature
Creators: name: Vicarelli, Leonardo
name: Tredicucci, Alessandro
name: Pitanti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast, room temperature imaging at THz and sub-THz frequencies is an interesting feature which could unleash the full potential of plenty applications in security, healthcare and industrial production. In this Letter we introduce micromechanical bolometers based on silicon nitride trampoline membranes as broad-range detectors, down to the sub-THz frequencies. They show, at the largest wavelengths, room-temperature noise-equivalent-powers comparable to state-of-the-art commercial devices (~100 pW Hz-1/2); adding the good operation speed and the easy, large-scale fabrication process, the trampoline membrane could be the next candidate for cheap, room temperature THz imaging and related applications.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Abatement Cost Heterogeneity and its Impact on Tradable Nitrogen Discharge Permits
Creators: name: Ramilan, Thiagarajah
name: Scrimgeour, Frank G.
name: Ramilan, Thiagarajah
name: Scrimgeour, Frank G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Heterogeneity
subject: tradable discharge permits
subject: non-point pollution
subject: marginal abatement cost

description: Nitrogen discharge into the Waikato River has been identified as the primary source of potential water quality degradation. Rising nitrogen levels in water are attributed to non point source pollution from agricultural activities. Pastoral farming is the predominant agricultural land use in the catchment. Increased nitrogen fertilizer use and higher stocking rates have the potential to increase the nitrogen loading into water. There is a range of best management practices and policies proposed to reduce nitrogen discharge from farming systems. Water quality trading is a policy tool that could improve the cost effectiveness of achieving environmental goals. Economic theory suggests that tradable pollution permit systems encourage polluters to reallocate pollution burdens to take advantage of any differences in marginal abatement costs. This paper develops an analytical frame work to derive nitrogen abatement costs for farms in a Waikato river sub-catchment. Policies and practices are evaluated using a bio-economic model of a typical pastoral farm in the Waikato river sub-catchment. Implications of pollution trading at the farm level are examined using programming simulation models.
Additional file 1 of Assessing the effect of interventions for axial spondyloarthritis according to the endorsed ASAS/OMERACT core outcome set: a meta-research study of trials included in Cochrane reviews
Creators: name: Andreasen, Rikke A.
name: Kristensen, Lars E.
name: Baraliakos, Xenofon
name: Strand, Vibeke
name: Mease, Philip J.
name: Wit, Maarten De
name: Torkell Ellingsen
name: Hansen, Inger Marie J.
name: Kirkham, Jamie
name: Wells, George A.
name: Tugwell, Peter
name: Maxwell, Lara
name: Boers, Maarten
name: Egstrup, Kenneth
name: Christensen, Robin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Transfer matrix eigenvectors of the Baxter-Bazhanov-Stroganov $τ_2$-model for N=2
Creators: name: Lisovyy, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a representation of the row-to-row transfer matrix of the Baxter-Bazhanov-Stroganov $τ_2$-model for N=2 in terms of an integral over two commuting sets of grassmann variables. Using this representation, we explicitly calculate transfer matrix eigenvectors and normalize them. It is also shown how form factors of the model can be expressed in terms of determinants and inverses of certain Toeplitz matrices.
description: 23 pages
Modelling an ITQ Scheme in the Galapagos Marine Reserve Spiny Lobster Fishery
Creators: name: Alvear, Santiago A. Bermeo
name: Alvear, Santiago A. Bermeo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Galapagos Marine Reserve
subject: fisheries management
subject: spiny lobster
subject: ITQs

description: This paper assesses the distributional and economic impacts resulting from a hypothetical individual quota management system in the Galápagos spiny lobster fishery. Using data from the Fisheries Monitoring Programme, an implicit function is derived and evaluated at a total allowable catch to estimate an equilibrium price for quota. By comparing this with each vessel-owner's implicit quota price, the number of fishers who will have an economic incentive to sell quota is estimated. The outcomes of the model indicate that the equity implications, as well as the economic benefits, resulting from the introduction of an ITQ system would be significant.
The Glueball content of $η_c$
Creators: name: Zhang, Renqiang
name: Sun, Wei
name: Chen, Ying
name: Gong, Ming
name: Gui, Long-Cheng
name: Liu, Zhaofeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T25

description: We carry out the first lattice QCD derivation of the mixing energy and the mixing angle of the pseudoscalar charmonium and glueball on two gauge ensembles with $N_f=2$ degenerate dynamical charm quarks. The mixing energy is determined to be $49(6)$ MeV on the near physical charm ensemble, which seems insensitive to charm quark mass. By the assumption that $X(2370)$ is predominantly a pseudoscalar glueball, the mixing angle is determined to be approximately $4.6(6)^\circ$, which results in a $+3.9(9)$ MeV mass shift of the ground state pseudoscalar charmonium. In the mean time, the mixing can raise the total width of the pseudoscalar charmonium by 7.2(8) MeV, which explains to some extent the relative large total width of the $η_c$ meson. As a result, the branching fraction of $η_c\to γγ$ can be understood in this $c\bar{c}$-glueball mixing framework. On the other hand, the possible discrepancy of the theoretical predictions and the experimental results of the partial width of $J/ψ\toγη_c$ cannot be alleviated by the $c\bar{c}$-glueball mixing picture yet, which demands future precise experimental measurements of this partial width.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures;v2: accepted by Physics Letter B
Additional file 2 of Assessing the effect of interventions for axial spondyloarthritis according to the endorsed ASAS/OMERACT core outcome set: a meta-research study of trials included in Cochrane reviews
Creators: name: Andreasen, Rikke A.
name: Kristensen, Lars E.
name: Baraliakos, Xenofon
name: Strand, Vibeke
name: Mease, Philip J.
name: Wit, Maarten De
name: Torkell Ellingsen
name: Hansen, Inger Marie J.
name: Kirkham, Jamie
name: Wells, George A.
name: Tugwell, Peter
name: Maxwell, Lara
name: Boers, Maarten
name: Egstrup, Kenneth
name: Christensen, Robin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2 Table S1. ASAS/OMERACT core outcome domains. Figure S1. Physical Function. Figure S2. Pain. Figure S3. Spinal mobility. Figure S4. Spinal stiffness. Figure S5. Patient’s global assessment. Figure S6. Peripheral joint count/enthesitis index. Figure S7. Acute phase reactants. Figure S8. Spine radiographs. Figure S9. Fatigue. Figure S10. Odds Ratio for achieving primary outcome.
How Can We Predict Performance in Tertiary Level Economics?
Creators: name: Zhang, Lemin
name: Marsh, Dan
name: Zhang, Lemin
name: Marsh, Dan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Qualification
subject: Education
subject: Testing

description: The New Zealand Qualification Authority (NZQA) started to introduce a new qualification; the National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) in 2002. NCEA level 3 replaced the University Bursary Examinations in 2004. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the number and quality of credits gained at NCEA level 3 by students and their academic performance in a first year economics course - Business Economics and the New Zealand Economy at Waikato University. Other factors that could affect student performance are also investigated. Our analysis suggests that several factors can have an impact on student's performance in ECON100. These factors include nationality, semester, total number of NCEA level 3 credits and the quality of credits at level 3 in NCEA economics and mathematics.
Market-Based Approaches to Pollution Control in the Lake Taupo Catchment in New Zealand
Creators: name: Paragahawewa, Upananda Herath
name: Paragahawewa, Upananda Herath
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Pollution
subject: Market-based policies
subject: Emission trading

description: There are at least five general reasons why market-based policies fail to address some of the most basic environmental objectives. This study evaluates the available biophysical and economic data against these criteria and concludes that market-based approaches should be employed cautiously in pollution control under the present system and the available technology for farming in the lake area. The most effective market-based instrument to control pollution, in this case, seems to be negative incentives, as the public net cost of farming is extremely higher than the private net benefits. However, the intensity of taxes that would be effective in this regard would definitely results negative net farm benefits. The principle alternative, emission trading, would be effective with a highly regulated system given long-term political willingness to address the problem effectively.
Displacement- and Timing-Noise Free Gravitational-Wave Detection
Creators: name: Chen, Yanbei
name: Kawamura, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by a recently-invented scheme of displacement-noise-free gravitational-wave detection, we demonstrate the existence of gravitational-wave detection schemes insusceptible to both displacement and timing (laser) noises, and are thus realizable by shot-noise-limited laser interferometry. This is possible due to two reasons: first, gravitational waves and displacement disturbances contribute to light propagation times in different manners; second, for an N-detector system, the number of signal channels is of the order O(N^2), while the total number of timing- and displacement-noise channels is of the order O(N).
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; mistake corrected
Reconstructing QCD Spectral Functions with Gaussian Processes
Creators: name: Horak, Jan
name: Pawlowski, Jan M.
name: Rodríguez-Quintero, José
name: Turnwald, Jonas
name: Urban, Julian M.
name: Wink, Nicolas
name: Zafeiropoulos, Savvas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconstruct ghost and gluon spectral functions in 2+1 flavor QCD with Gaussian process regression. This framework allows us to largely suppress spurious oscillations and other common reconstruction artifacts by specifying generic magnitude and length scale parameters in the kernel function. The Euclidean propagator data are taken from lattice simulations with domain wall fermions at the physical point. For the infrared and ultraviolet extensions of the lattice propagators as well as the low-frequency asymptotics of the ghost spectral function, we utilize results from functional computations in Yang-Mills theory and QCD. This further reduces the systematic error significantly. Our numerical results are compared against a direct real-time functional computation of the ghost and an earlier reconstruction of the gluon in Yang-Mills theory. The systematic approach presented in this work offers a promising route towards unveiling real-time properties of QCD.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Simulation of the Burridge-Knopoff Model of Earthquakes with Variable Range Stress Transfer
Creators: name: Xia, Junchao
name: Gould, Harvey
name: Klein, W.
name: Rundle, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple models of earthquake faults are important for understanding the mechanisms for their observed behavior, such as Gutenberg-Richter scaling and the relation between large and small events, which is the basis for various forecasting methods. Although cellular automaton models have been studied extensively in the long-range stress transfer limit, this limit has not been studied for the Burridge-Knopoff model, which includes more realistic friction forces and inertia. We find that the latter model with long-range stress transfer exhibits qualitatively different behavior than both the long-range cellular automaton models and the usual Burridge-Knopoff model with nearest neighbor springs, depending on the nature of the velocity-weakening friction force. This result has important implications for our understanding of earthquakes and other driven dissipative systems.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, published on Phys. Rev. Lett
Leroy, Jules: Les manuscrits coptes et coptes-arabes illustres
Creators: name: Assfalg, Julius
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 61 (1977): Oriens christianus, Band 61
Two dimensional soliton in tumor induced angiogenesis
Creators: name: Bonilla, L. L.
name: Carretero, M.
name: Terragni, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ensemble averages of a stochastic model show that, after a formation stage, the tips of active blood vessels in an angiogenic network form a moving two dimensional stable diffusive soliton, which advances toward sources of growth factor. Here we use methods of multiple scales to find the diffusive soliton as a solution of a deterministic equation for the mean density of active endothelial cells tips. We characterize the diffusive soliton shape in a general geometry, and find that its vector velocity and the trajectory of its center of mass along curvilinear coordinates solve appropriate collective coordinate equations. The vessel tip density predicted by the soliton compares well with that obtained by ensemble averages of simulations of the stochastic model.
description: 35 pages, 10 figures, to appear in JSTAT
O-minimal expansions of the reals
Creators: name: Ingram, Patrick Malte Josef
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: We survey recent results on o-rninimal theories, and in particular o-minimal expansions of real closed fields. The recent work in the classification of reducts of the field of real numbers, largely the work of Peterzil, is presented, as is the basic groundwork of o-rriinimality. It is shown that if X ⊆ℝⁿ is semialgebraic, but not semilinear, then multiplication on ℝ may be defined locally in terms of X, modulo the vector space properties of the reals. If X \ K is not semilinear for any compact K, then the condition of locality can be removed.
Additional file 6 of Association between surgical procedures under general anesthesia in infancy and developmental outcomes at 1 year: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Yoshiko
name: Tokuda, Narumi
name: Adachi, Sho
name: Takeshima, Yasuhiro
name: Munetaka Hirose
name: Shima, Masayuki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6. Adjusted odds ratios of developmental delay among infants who had surgical procedures under general anesthesia compared with infants who did not have surgery, for each of the five domains using the cutoff scores of the J-ASQ-3 reported for Japanese children (N = 60,699)
Spiral Spin Order and Transport Anisotropy in Underdoped Cuprates
Creators: name: Kotov, Valeri N.
name: Sushkov, Oleg P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the spiral spin density wave model and its application to explain properties of underdoped La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$. We argue that the spiral picture is theoretically well justified in the context of the extended $t-J$ model, and then show that it can explain a number of observed features, such as the location and symmetry of the incommensurate peaks in elastic neutron scattering, as well as the in-plane resistivity anisotropy. A consistent description of the low doping region (below 10% or so) emerges from the spiral formulation, in which the holes show no tendency towards any type of charge order and the physics is purely spin driven.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; Proceedings of the International Workshop on Effective Models for Low-Dimensional Strongly Correlated Systems, September 2005, Peyresq, France
Why Magnetic Fields Cannot be the Main Agent Shaping Planetary Nebulae
Creators: name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An increasing amount of literature reports the detection of magnetic fields in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and in central stars of planetary nebulae (PNs). These detections lead to claims that the magnetic fields are the main agent shaping the PNs. In this paper, I examine the energy and angular momentum carried by magnetic fields expelled from AGB stars, as well as other physical phenomena that accompany the presence of large scale fields, such as those claimed in the literature. I show that a single star cannot supply the energy and angular momentum if the magnetic fields have the large coherent structure required to shape the circumstellar wind. Therefore, the structure of non-spherical planetary nebulae cannot be attributed to dynamically important large scale magnetic fields. I conclude that the observed magnetic fields around evolved stars can be understood by locally enhanced magnetic loops which can have a secondary role in the shaping of the PN. The primary role, I argue, rests with the presence of a companion.
description: PASP, 2006, in press. (This paper was rejected by MNRAS and ApJ; my criticism of the referee reports are in: Soker, N. astro-ph/0508525.)
Relativity and Lorentz Invariance of Entanglement Distillability
Creators: name: Lamata, L.
name: Martin-Delgado, M. A.
name: Solano, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study entanglement distillability of bipartite mixed spin states under Wigner rotations induced by Lorentz transformations. We define weak and strong criteria for relativistic isoentangled and isodistillable states to characterize relative and invariant behavior of entanglement and distillability. We exemplify these criteria in the context of Werner states, where fully analytical methods can be achieved and all relevant cases presented.
description: 4 pages and 2 figures, minor modifications, published in Physical Review Letters
Bilinear estimates associated to the Schrödinger equation with a nonelliptic principal part
Creators: name: Onodera, Eiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B35 (Primary) 35B65, 35Q55 (Secondary)

description: We discuss bilinear estimates of tempered distributions in the Fourier restriction spaces for the two-dimensional Schödinger equation whose principal part is the d'Alembertian. We prove that the bilinear estimates hold if and only if the tempered distributions are functions.
description: final version
Strongly nonlinear magnetization above $T_c$ in $\rm Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+δ}$
Creators: name: Li, Lu
name: Wang, Yayu
name: Naughton, M. J.
name: Ono, S.
name: Ando, Yoichi
name: Ong, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using high-resolution magnetometry we have investigated in detail the magnetization $M$ above the critical temperature $T_c$ in $\rm Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+δ}$. In a broad range of temperature $T$ above $T_c$, we find that $M(T,H)$ is strongly non-linear in the field $H$. We show that as $T\to T_c$, the susceptibility $χ(T,H)$ diverges to very large values ($χ\to$ -1) if measured in weak $H$. In addition, $M(H)$ displays an anomalous non-analytic form $M\sim H^{1/δ}$ in weak fields with a strongly $T$-dependent exponent $δ(T)$. These features strongly support the proposal that, above $T_c$, the pair condensate survives to support significant London rigidity.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Manipulating thermal fields with inhomogeneous heat spreaders
Creators: name: Russell, Eleanor R.
name: Assier, Raphaël C.
name: Parnell, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We design a class of spatially inhomogeneous heat spreaders in the context of steady-state thermal conduction leading to spatially uniform thermal fields across a large convective surface. Each spreader has a funnel-shaped design, either in the form of a trapezoidal prism or truncated cone, and is forced by a thermal source at its base. We employ transformation-based techniques, commonly used to study metamaterials, to determine the require thermal conductivity for the spreaders. The obtained materials, although strongly anisotropic and inhomogeneous, can be accurately approximated by assembling isotropic, homogeneous layers, rendering them realisable. An alternative approach is then considered for the conical and trapezoidal spreaders by dividing them into two or three isotropic, homogeneous components respectively. We refer to these simple configurations as neutral layers. All designs are validated numerically both with and without the effects of thermal contact resistance between interfaces. Such novel designs pave the way for future materials that can manipulate and control the flow of heat, helping to solve traditional heat transfer problems such as controlling the temperature of an object and energy harvesting.
Cohomological dimension theory of compact metric spaces
Creators: name: Dranishnikov, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55M10, 54F45

description: This is a detailed introductory survey of the cohomological dimension theory of compact metric spaces.
description: 61 pages
Rural Competitiveness: Results of the 1996 Rural Manufacturing Survey
Creators: name: Gale, H. Frederick
name: McGranahan, David A.
name: Teixeira, Ruy
name: Greenberg, Elizabeth
name: Gale, H. Frederick
name: McGranahan, David A.
name: Teixeira, Ruy
name: Greenberg, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: rural manufacturing
subject: sample survey
subject: worker skills
subject: manufacturing location
subject: credit availability
subject: technology adoption

description: Establishments in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan locations are surprisingly similar in their adoption of new technologies, worker skill requirements, use of government programs and technical assistance, exports, and sources of financing, according to the results of a nationwide survey of 3,909 manufacturing businesses. The most widespread concern of both metro and nonmetro businesses appears to be with quality of labor. Survey respondents report rapidly increasing skill requirements, and many report problems finding qualified workers. Quality of local labor is the most frequently cited problem associated with nonmetro business locations. Access to credit, transportation, and telecommunications infrastructure is a problem of secondary importance for both metro and nonmetro respondents. Rural communities face a considerable challenge in supplying workers with needed skills. The fastest-growing skill requirements -- computer, interpersonal/teamwork, and problem-solving skills -- are not central to traditional academic instruction.
Optimized multi-axis spiral projection MR fingerprinting with subspace reconstruction for rapid whole-brain high-isotropic-resolution quantitative imaging
Creators: name: Cao, Xiaozhi
name: Liao, Congyu
name: Iyer, Siddharth Srinivasan
name: Wang, Zhixing
name: Zhou, Zihan
name: Dai, Erpeng
name: Liberman, Gilad
name: Dong, Zijing
name: Gong, Ting
name: He, Hongjian
name: Zhong, Jianhui
name: Bilgic, Berkin
name: Setsompop, Kawin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Purpose: To improve image quality and accelerate the acquisition of 3D MRF. Methods: Building on the multi-axis spiral-projection MRF technique, a subspace reconstruction with locally low rank (LLR) constraint and a modified spiral-projection spatiotemporal encoding scheme termed tiny-golden-angle-shuffling (TGAS) were implemented for rapid whole-brain high-resolution quantitative mapping. The LLR regularization parameter and the number of subspace bases were tuned using retrospective in-vivo data and simulated examinations, respectively. B0 inhomogeneity correction using multi-frequency interpolation was incorporated into the subspace reconstruction to further improve the image quality by mitigating blurring caused by off-resonance effect. Results: The proposed MRF acquisition and reconstruction framework can produce provide high quality 1-mm isotropic whole-brain quantitative maps in a total acquisition time of 1 minute 55 seconds, with higher-quality results than ones obtained from the previous approach in 6 minutes. The comparison of quantitative results indicates that neither the subspace reconstruction nor the TGAS trajectory induce bias for T1 and T2 mapping. High quality whole-brain MRF data were also obtained at 0.66-mm isotropic resolution in 4 minutes using the proposed technique, where the increased resolution was shown to improve visualization of subtle brain structures. Conclusion: The proposed TGAS-SPI-MRF with optimized spiral-projection trajectory and subspace reconstruction can enable high-resolution quantitative mapping with faster acquisition speed.
description: 40 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 5 of Association between surgical procedures under general anesthesia in infancy and developmental outcomes at 1 year: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Yoshiko
name: Tokuda, Narumi
name: Adachi, Sho
name: Takeshima, Yasuhiro
name: Munetaka Hirose
name: Shima, Masayuki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. Number of delayed infants for each J-ASQ-3 domain, according to the number of surgery under general anesthesia using the cutoff scores reported for Japanese children