cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Identification of a mutant DNA polymerase delta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an antimutator phenotype for frameshift mutations.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: We propose that a beta-turn-beta structure, which plays a critical role in exonucleolytic proofreading in the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase, is also present in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA pol delta. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to test this proposal by introducing a mutation into the yeast POL3 gene in the region that encodes the putative beta-turn-beta structure. The mutant DNA pol delta has a serine substitution in place of glycine at position 447. DNA replication fidelity of the G447S-DNA pol delta was determined in vivo by using reversion and forward assays. An antimutator phenotype for frameshift mutations in short homopolymeric tracts was observed for the G447S-DNA pol delta in the absence of postreplication mismatch repair, which was produced by inactivation of the MSH2 gene. Because the G447S substitution reduced frameshift but not base substitution mutagenesis, some aspect of DNA polymerase proofreading appears to contribute to production of frameshifts. Possible roles of DNA polymerase proofreading in frameshift mutagenesis are discussed.
Meiotic recombination involving heterozygous large insertions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: formation and repair of large, unpaired DNA loops.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves the formation of heteroduplexes, duplexes containing DNA strands derived from two different homologues. If the two strands of DNA differ by an insertion or deletion, the heteroduplex will contain an unpaired DNA loop. We found that unpaired loops as large as 5.6 kb can be accommodated within a heteroduplex. Repair of these loops involved the nucleotide excision repair (NER) enzymes Rad1p and Rad10p and the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins Msh2p and Msh3p, but not several other NER (Rad2p and Rad14p) and MMR (Msh4p, Msh6p, Mlh1p, Pms1p, Mlh2p, Mlh3p) proteins. Heteroduplexes were also formed with DNA strands derived from alleles containing two different large insertions, creating a large "bubble"; repair of this substrate was dependent on Rad1p. Although meiotic recombination events in yeast are initiated by double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), we showed that DSBs occurring within heterozygous insertions do not stimulate interhomologue recombination.
MASTRA
Creators: Vejdirektoratet
Albertslund
Allerød
Assens
Ballerup
Billund
Bornholm
Brøndby
Dragør
Egedal
Esbjerg
Favrskov
Faxe
Fredensborg
Fredericia
Frederiksberg
Frederikshavn
Frederikssund
Furesø
Faaborg-Midtfyn
Gentofte
Glostrup
Greve
Gribskov
Guldborgsund
Haderslev
Halsnæs
Hedensted
Helsingør
Herlev
Herning
Hillerød
Hjørring
Holbæk
Holstebro
Horsens
Hvidovre
Hørsholm
Ikast-Brande
Ishøj
Jammerbugt
Kalundborg
Kerteminde
Kolding
København
Køge
Lejre
Lemvig
Lolland
Lyngby-Taarbæk
Middelfart
Nordfyns
Nyborg
Næstved
Odder
Odense
Odsherred
Randers
Rebild
Ringkøbing-Skjern
Ringsted
Roskilde
Rudersdal
Rødovre
Silkeborg
Skanderborg
Skive
Slagelse
Solrød
Sorø
Stevns
Svendborg
Syddjurs
Sønderborg
Thisted
Tønder
Tårnby
Vallensbæk
Varde
Vejen
Vejle
Vesthimmerlands
Viborg
Vordingborg
Aabenraa
Aalborg
Århus
Brønderslev
Fanø
Gladsaxe
Morsø
Norddjurs
Samsø
Sund og Bælt
Øresundskonsortiet
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Efterbehandling af trafiktællinger og hastighedsmålinger. Data i systemet skabes overvejende ved at nedfræsede spoler i vejene, der er opsat i par, foretager registreringer. Derved kan der tælles antal overkørsler af spolerne og måles hastighed og længde på de passerende køretøjer.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppressor of choline sensitivity (SCS2) gene is a multicopy Suppressor of mec1 telomeric silencing defects.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Mec1p is a cell cycle checkpoint protein related to the ATM protein kinase family. Certain mec1 mutations or overexpression of Mec1p lead to shortened telomeres and loss of telomeric silencing. We conducted a multicopy suppressor screen for genes that suppress the loss of silencing in strains overexpressing Mec1p. We identified SCS2 (suppressor of choline sensitivity), a gene previously isolated as a suppressor of defects in inositol synthesis. Deletion of SCS2 resulted in decreased telomeric silencing, and the scs2 mutation increased the rate of cellular senescence observed for mec1-21 tel1 double mutant cells. Genetic analysis revealed that Scs2p probably acts through a different telomeric silencing pathway from that affected by Mec1p.
Color confinement and screening in the $\mathbfθ$ -vacuum
Creators: name: Kharzeev, Dmitri E.
name: Levin, Eugene M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QCD perturbation theory ignores the compact nature of $SU(3)$ gauge group that gives rise to the periodic $θ$-vacuum of the theory. We propose to modify the gluon propagator to reconcile perturbation theory with the anomalous Ward identities for the topological current in the $θ$-vacuum. As a result, the gluon couples to the Veneziano ghost describing the tunneling transitions between different Chern-Simons sectors of the vacuum; we call the emerging gluon dressed by ghost loops a "glost". We evaluate the glost propagator and find that it has the form $G(p) = (p^2 + χ_{top}/p^2)^{-1}$ where $χ_{top}$ is the Yang-Mills topological susceptibility related to the $η'$ mass by Witten-Veneziano relation; this propagator describes confinement of gluons at distances $\sim χ_{top}^{-1/4} \simeq 1$ fm. The same functional form of the propagator was originally proposed by Gribov as a solution to the gauge copies problem that plagues perturbation theory. The resulting running coupling coincides with the perturbative one at $p^2 \gg \sqrt{χ_{top}}$, but in the infrared region either freezes (in pure Yang-Mills theory) or vanishes (in full QCD with light quarks), in accord with experimental evidence. Our scenario makes explicit the connection between confinement and topology of the QCD vacuum; we discuss the implications for spin physics, high energy scattering, and the physics of quark-gluon plasma.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; slightly extended version
MASTRA
Creators: Vejdirektoratet
Albertslund
Allerød
Assens
Ballerup
Billund
Bornholm
Brøndby
Dragør
Egedal
Esbjerg
Favrskov
Faxe
Fredensborg
Fredericia
Frederiksberg
Frederikshavn
Frederikssund
Furesø
Faaborg-Midtfyn
Gentofte
Glostrup
Greve
Gribskov
Guldborgsund
Haderslev
Halsnæs
Hedensted
Helsingør
Herlev
Herning
Hillerød
Hjørring
Holbæk
Holstebro
Horsens
Hvidovre
Høje-Taastrup
Hørsholm
Ikast-Brande
Ishøj
Jammerbugt
Kalundborg
Kerteminde
Kolding
København
Køge
Lejre
Lemvig
Lolland
Lyngby-Taarbæk
Middelfart
Nordfyns
Nyborg
Næstved
Odder
Odense
Odsherred
Randers
Rebild
Ringkøbing-Skjern
Ringsted
Roskilde
Rudersdal
Rødovre
Silkeborg
Skanderborg
Skive
Slagelse
Solrød
Sorø
Stevns
Svendborg
Syddjurs
Sønderborg
Thisted
Tønder
Tårnby
Vallensbæk
Varde
Vejen
Vejle
Vesthimmerlands
Viborg
Vordingborg
Aabenraa
Aalborg
Århus
Brønderslev
Gladsaxe
Morsø
Norddjurs
Samsø
Sund og Bælt
Øresundskonsortiet
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Efterbehandling af trafiktællinger og hastighedsmålinger. Data i systemet skabes overvejende ved at nedfræsede spoler i vejene, der er opsat i par, foretager registreringer. Derved kan der tælles antal overkørsler af spolerne og måles hastighed og længde på de passerende køretøjer.
Alleles of the yeast Pms1 mismatch-repair gene that differentially affect recombination- and replication-related processes.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Mismatch-repair (MMR) systems promote eukaryotic genome stability by removing errors introduced during DNA replication and by inhibiting recombination between nonidentical sequences (spellchecker and antirecombination activities, respectively). Following a common mismatch-recognition step effected by MutS-homologous Msh proteins, homologs of the bacterial MutL ATPase (predominantly the Mlh1p-Pms1p heterodimer in yeast) couple mismatch recognition to the appropriate downstream processing steps. To examine whether the processing steps in the spellchecker and antirecombination pathways might differ, we mutagenized the yeast PMS1 gene and screened for mitotic separation-of-function alleles. Two alleles affecting only the antirecombination function of Pms1p were identified, one of which changed an amino acid within the highly conserved ATPase domain. To more specifically address the role of ATP binding/hydrolysis in MMR-related processes, we examined mutations known to compromise the ATPase activity of Pms1p or Mlh1p with respect to the mitotic spellchecker and antirecombination activities and with respect to the repair of mismatches present in meiotic recombination intermediates. The results of these analyses confirm a differential requirement for the Pms1p ATPase activity in replication vs. recombination processes, while demonstrating that the Mlh1p ATPase activity is important for all examined MMR-related functions.
On off-line and on-line Bayesian filtering for uncertainty quantification of structural deterioration
Creators: name: Kamariotis, Antonios
name: Sardi, Luca
name: Papaioannou, Iason
name: Chatzi, Eleni
name: Straub, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data-informed predictive maintenance planning largely relies on stochastic deterioration models. Monitoring information can be utilized to update sequentially the knowledge on time-invariant deterioration model parameters either within an off-line (batch) or an on-line (recursive) Bayesian framework. With a focus on the quantification of the full parameter uncertainty, we review, adapt and investigate selected Bayesian filters for parameter estimation: an on-line particle filter, an on-line iterated batch importance sampling filter, which performs Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) move steps, and an off-line MCMC-based sequential Monte Carlo filter. A Gaussian mixture model is used to approximate the posterior distribution within the resampling process in all three filters. Two numerical examples serve as the basis for a comparative assessment of off-line and on-line Bayesian estimation of time-invariant deterioration model parameters. The first case study considers a low-dimensional, nonlinear, non-Gaussian probabilistic fatigue crack growth model that is updated with sequential crack monitoring measurements. The second high-dimensional, linear, Gaussian case study employs a random field to model corrosion deterioration across a beam, which is updated with sequential measurements from sensors. The numerical investigations provide insights into the performance of off-line and on-line filters in terms of the accuracy of posterior estimates and the computational cost, when applied to problems of different nature, increasing dimensionality and varying sensor information amount. Importantly, they show that a tailored implementation of the on-line particle filter proves competitive with the computationally demanding MCMC-based filters. Suggestions on the choice of the appropriate method in function of problem characteristics are provided.
title: The Comparative Ecology of Two Populations of the Troglobitic Isopod Crustacean Lirceus Usdagalun (Asellidae)
Creators: name: Estes, James Alexander
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1979

description: Aquatic communities of two caves in Lee Co., Virginia, were compared, and an examination was made of the life history phenomena of the troglobitic isopod Lirceus usdagalun. Measurements of physical and biological parameters were made in Thompson Cedar Cave and Gallohan Cave No. l. A contagious distribution was exhibited by populations of L. usdagalun in both caves and also by the population of another troglobitic isopod, Caecidotea recurvata, in Gallohan Cave No. 1. This distribution was attributed to aggregations of individuals which were considered to occur in areas of preference or optimal habitat patches. Lirceus usdagalun exhibited a greater density in fast moving water and C. recurvata generally exhibited a greater density in slow moving water. The virtual absence of C. recurvata from Thompson Cedar Cave was presumably the result of higher stream flows than in Gallohan Cave No. 1, where it maintains a population due to a seasonal increase in density during a period of low stream flow in the summer. Other factors such as silt, detritus and fused gravel appeared to have an adverse effect on the population densities of both isopods. Crangonyx antennatus, a troglobitic amphipod, had small populations in both caves.

Variations in body length, sex ratio and seasonal densities of L. usdagalun appear to be the result of varying degrees and types (lnterspecific or intraspeclfic) of competition, as well as differences in the physical environment.
The N=50 and Z=28 shell closure revisited
Creators: name: Routray, T. R.
name: Bano, P.
name: Anguiano, M.
name: Centelles, M.
name: Viñas, X.
name: Robledo, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments performed in neutron-rich copper isotopes have revealed a crossing in the nucleus $^{75}$Cu between the $3/2^-$ and $5/2^-$ levels, which correspond to the ground-state and the first excited state in isotopes with mass number below $A =75$. Due to the strong single-particle character of these states, this scenario can be investigated through the analysis of the proton spectrum provided by mean-field models in nickel isotopes with neutron numbers between $N$=40 and $N$=50. In this work we show that the aforementioned crossing is mainly driven by the mean-field provided by the effective nucleon-nucleon and spin-orbit interactions. We also analyze the impact of the tensor interaction, and find that in some mean-field models it is essential to reproduce the crossing of the 2$p_{3/2}$ and 1$f_{5/2}$ proton single-particle levels, as in the case of the SAMi-T Skyrme force and the D1M Gogny interaction, whereas in other cases, as for example the SLy5 Skyrme force, a reasonable tensor force appears to be unable to modify the mean-field enough to reproduce this level crossing. Finally, in the calculations performed with the so-called simple effective interaction (SEI), it is shown that the experimental data in nickel and copper isotopes considered in this work can be explained satisfactorily without any explicit consideration of the tensor interaction.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Probabilistic Characterization of Stiffness and Strength Properties of Carbon-Nanotube-Reinforced-Polymer-Composite Material
Creators: Palacios, Jorge A.
Ganesan, Rajamohan
Mertiny, Pierre
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Conference Abstract. Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.
Context dependence of meiotic recombination hotspots in yeast: the relationship between recombination activity of a reporter construct and base composition.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Borde and colleagues reported that a reporter plasmid inserted at different genomic locations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae had different levels of meiotic recombination activity. We show that the level of recombination activity is very significantly correlated with the GC content of DNA sequences flanking the insertion.
Funding Bodies: Five Decades of Dance Making at the National Endowment for the Arts (Book Review)
Creators: name: Fitton, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Dance Research Journal
Year: 2022
Subjects: National Endowment for the Arts
NEA
dance history
arts policy research

description: Book Review for - FUNDING BODIES: FIVE DECADES OF DANCE MAKING AT THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS by Sarah Wilbur. 2021. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. 296 pp., 18 photos. $26.95 paper. ISBN: 9780819580528. $95.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780819580511.
description: The final, published version of this book review can be found at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0149767722000377
Crossover interference in Arabidopsis.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: The crossover distribution in meiotic tetrads of Arabidopsis thaliana differs from those previously described for Drosophila and Neurospora. Whereas a chi-square distribution with an even number of degrees of freedom provides a good fit for the latter organisms, the fit for Arabidopsis was substantially improved by assuming an additional set of crossovers sprinkled, at random, among those distributed as per chi square. This result is compatible with the view that Arabidopsis has two pathways for meiotic crossing over, only one of which is subject to interference. The results further suggest that Arabidopsis meiosis has >10 times as many double-strand breaks as crossovers.
Partitioning through projections: strong SDP bounds for large graph partition problems
Creators: name: de Meijer, Frank
name: Sotirov, Renata
name: Wiegele, Angelika
name: Zhao, Shudian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The graph partition problem (GPP) aims at clustering the vertex set of a graph into a fixed number of disjoint subsets of given sizes such that the sum of weights of edges joining different sets is minimized. This paper investigates the quality of doubly nonnegative (DNN) relaxations, i.e., relaxations having matrix variables that are both positive semidefinite and nonnegative, strengthened by additional polyhedral cuts for two variations of the GPP: the $k$-equipartition and the graph bisection problem. After reducing the size of the relaxations by facial reduction, we solve them by a cutting-plane algorithm that combines an augmented Lagrangian method with Dykstra's projection algorithm. Since many components of our algorithm are general, the algorithm is suitable for solving various DNN relaxations with a large number of cutting planes. We are the first to show the power of DNN relaxations with additional cutting planes for the GPP on large benchmark instances up to 1,024 vertices. Computational results show impressive improvements in strengthened DNN bounds.
Bezout-type Theorems for Differential Fields
Creators: name: Binyamini, Gal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C60, 11F03, 12H05, 14G05

description: We prove analogs of the Bezout and the Bernstein-Kushnirenko-Khovanskii theorems for systems of algebraic differential conditions over differentially closed fields. Namely, given a system of algebraic conditions on the first $l$ derivatives of an $n$-tuple of functions, which admits finitely many solutions, we show that the number of solutions is bounded by an appropriate constant (depending singly-exponentially on $n$ and $l$) times the volume of the Newton polytope of the set of conditions. This improves a doubly-exponential estimate due to Hrushovski and Pillay. We illustrate the application of our estimates in two diophantine contexts: to counting transcendental lattice points on algebraic subvarieties of semi-abelian varieties, following Hrushovski and Pillay; and to counting the number of intersections between isogeny classes of elliptic curves and algebraic varieties, following Freitag and Scanlon. In both cases we obtain bounds which are singly-exponential (improving the known doubly-exponential bounds) and which exhibit the natural asymptotic growth with respect to the degrees of the equations involved.
description: minor corrections
Mapping of sex determination loci on the white campion (Silene latifolia) Y chromosome using amplified fragment length polymorphism.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: S. latifolia is a dioecious plant with morphologically distinct sex chromosomes. To genetically map the sex determination loci on the male-specific Y chromosome, we identified X-ray-induced sex determination mutants that had lost male traits. We used male-specific AFLP markers to characterize the extent of deletions in the Y chromosomes of the mutants. We then compared overlapping deletions to predict the order of the AFLP markers and to locate the mutated sex-determining genes. We found three regions on the Y chromosome where frequent deletions were significantly associated with loss of male traits. One was associated with hermaphroditic mutants. A second was associated with asexual mutants that lack genes needed for early stamen development and a third was associated with asexual mutants that lack genes for late stages of stamen development. Our observations confirmed a classical genetic prediction that S. latifolia has three dispersed male-determining loci on the Y chromosome, one for carpel suppression, one for early stamen development, and another for late stamen development. This AFLP map provides a framework for locating genes on the Y chromosome and for characterizing deletions on the Y chromosomes of potentially interesting mutants.
Disformal couplings and the dark sector of the universe
Creators: name: van de Bruck, C.
name: Morrice, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interactions between dark matter and dark energy, allowing both conformal and and disformal couplings, are studied in detail. We discuss the background evolution, anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background and large scale structures. One of our main findings is that a large conformal coupling is not necessarily disallowed in the presence of a general disformal term. On the other hand, we find that negative disformal couplings very often lead to instabilities in the scalar field. Studying the background evolution and linear perturbations only, our results show that it is observationally challenging to disentangle disformal from purely conformal couplings.
description: 28 + 1 pages, 15 figures. JCAP style. V3: Reference added; final version sent to journal
Regulation of genome stability by TEL1 and MEC1, yeast homologs of the mammalian ATM and ATR genes.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: In eukaryotes, a family of related protein kinases (the ATM family) is involved in regulating cellular responses to DNA damage and telomere length. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two members of this family, TEL1 and MEC1, have functionally redundant roles in both DNA damage repair and telomere length regulation. Strains with mutations in both genes are very sensitive to DNA damaging agents, have very short telomeres, and undergo cellular senescence. We find that strains with the double mutant genotype also have approximately 80-fold increased rates of mitotic recombination and chromosome loss. In addition, the tel1 mec1 strains have high rates of telomeric fusions, resulting in translocations, dicentrics, and circular chromosomes. Similar chromosome rearrangements have been detected in mammalian cells with mutations in ATM (related to TEL1) and ATR (related to MEC1) and in mammalian cells that approach cell crisis.
Global existence of classical solutions and numerical simulations of a cancer invasion model
Creators: name: Fuest, Mario
name: Heydari, Shahin
name: Knobloch, Petr
name: Lankeit, Johannes
name: Wick, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study a cancer invasion model both theoretically and numerically. The model is a nonstationary, nonlinear system of three coupled partial differential equations modeling the motion of cancer cells, degradation of the extracellular matrix, and certain enzymes. We first establish existence of global classical solutions in both two- and three-dimensional bounded domains, despite the lack of diffusion of the matrix-degrading enzymes and corresponding regularizing effects in the analytical treatment. Next, we give a weak formulation and apply finite differences in time and a Galerkin finite element scheme for spatial discretization. The overall algorithm is based on a fixed-point iteration scheme. In order to substantiate our theory and numerical framework, several numerical simulations are carried out in two and three spatial dimensions.
description: 43 pages, 16 figures
Phase Oscillator Networks with Nonlocal Higher-Order Interactions: Twisted States, Stability and Bifurcations
Creators: name: Bick, Christian
name: Böhle, Tobias
name: Kuehn, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35R02, 37G40

description: The Kuramoto model provides a prototypical framework to synchronization phenomena in interacting particle systems. Apart from full phase synchrony where all oscillators behave identically, identical Kuramoto oscillators with ring-like nonlocal coupling can exhibit more elaborate patterns such as uniformly twisted states. It was discovered by Wiley, Strogatz and Girvan in 2006 that the stability of these twisted states depends on the coupling range of each oscillator. In this paper, we analyze twisted states and their bifurcations in the infinite particle limit of ring-like nonlocal coupling. We not only consider traditional pairwise interactions as in the Kuramoto model but also demonstrate the effects of higher-order nonpairwise interactions, which arise naturally in phase reductions. We elucidate how pairwise and nonpairwise interactions affect the stability of the twisted states, compute bifurcating branches, and show that higher-order interactions can stabilize twisted states that are unstable if the coupling is only pairwise.
description: 36 pages, 7 figures
Magnetic properties of the helimagnet Cr1/3NbS2 observed by muSR
Creators: name: Braam, D.
name: Gomez, C.
name: Tezok, S.
name: de Mello, E. V. L.
name: Li, L.
name: Mandrus, D.
name: Kee, Hae-Young
name: Sonier, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed muon spin rotation/relaxation (muSR) measurements on single crystals of the chiral helimagnet Cr1/3NbS2 at zero to low magnetic field. The transition from the paramagnetic to helical magnetically ordered phase at zero field is marked by the onset of a coherent oscillation of the zero-field muon spin polarization below a critical temperature Tc. An enhancement of the muon spin precession frequency is observed below T ~ 50K, where anomalous behavior has been observed in bulk transport measurements. The enhanced precession frequency indicates a low-temperature modification of the helical magnetic structure. A Landau free energy analysis suggests that the low-temperature change in the magnetic structure is caused by a structural change, whereas the magnetic order above Tc is the result of an attractive interaction between the ferromagnetic moment induced by the applied field and the magnetic moments of the helical structure. We also suggest a longer periodicity of helicity below T ~ 50K, which can be verified by neutron scattering.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
title: An experimental study of disc brake squeal
Creators: name: James, Simon.
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Disc brake vibrations are a cause of concern for automobile users and manufacturers. The user can find the noise of brake squeal annoying and sometimes worrying. The manufacturer suffers the immediate costs involved in vehicle warranty claims and may lose sales if a particular vehicle model develops a reputation for noise problems. The measurement of disc brake squeal and its relationship to audible and structureborne vibration measurement is difficult to determine without influencing the vibration by the measurement technique. Ideally, measurements would be taken under 'real' conditions. The complexity and cost of 'in-car' testing was prohibitive. Instead, the approach taken was to use a real car brake system, but mounted in such a way that the support structure carrying the knuckle was as rigid as practically possible. This allowed an array of non-contact displacement transducers to measure the vibration at the disc surface. This experimental approach was used to investigate how the displacement signals produced by a squealing disc could be processed to determine the mode shapes of the disc and the behaviour of the waves that generate the audible squeal noise. The two methods used in the analysis of the squeal data were the fast Fourier transform of each data channel and the least-squares analysis of the time domain data. The least-squares approach was the more difficult to achieve, but successfully produced detailed analysis of the behaviour of the wave motion in the disc from the available data.A finite element analysis of the brake structure compared favourably with the frequencies and mode shapes obtained by both modal hammer tests and squeal tests. The use of this type of dynamometer, measurement system and analysis method has proved successful in providing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in disc brake squeal.
Theory of resonant tunneling in bilayer-graphene/hexagonal-boron-nitride heterostructures
Creators: name: de la Barrera, Sergio C.
name: Feenstra, Randall M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory is developed for calculating vertical tunneling current between two sheets of bilayer graphene separated by a thin, insulating layer of hexagonal boron nitride, neglecting many-body effects. Results are presented using physical parameters that enable comparison of the theory with recently reported experimental results. Observed resonant tunneling and negative differential resistance in the current-voltage characteristics are explained in terms of the electrostatically-induced band gap, gate voltage modulation, density of states near the band edge, and resonances with the upper sub-band. These observations are compared to ones from similar heterostructures formed with monolayer graphene.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; v2 adds Refs. 21-23, along with corresponding modifications to the text
Measurement of $τ_{L}$ using the $B_{s}^{0} \to J/ψη$ decay mode
Creators: name: LHCb Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a proton-proton collision data sample collected by the LHCb detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.7 $\text{fb}^{-1}$, the lifetime of the $B_{s}^{0}$ mass eigenstate, $τ_{L}$, is measured using $B_{s}^{0} \to J/ψη$ decay mode to be $τ_{L}$ = 1.445 $\pm$ 0.016(stat) $\pm$ 0.008(syst) ps. A combination of this result with a previous LHCb analysis using an independent dataset corresponding to 3 $\text{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity gives $τ_{L}$ = 1.452 $\pm$ 0.014 $\pm$ 0.007 $\pm$ 0.002 ps, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second due to the uncorrelated part of the systematic uncertainty and the third due to the correlated part of the systematic uncertainty.
description: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-010.html (LHCb public pages). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1607.06314
Positive Racism: The Problem of Perfection
Creators: name: Galip, Ozlem Belcim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Positive racism, stereotyping, feminist research methodology

description: ‘Mrs Code’ is the nickname in Germany of 24-year-old Aya Jaff, who was only 15 when she built her first software programme on the school curriculum at high school, which very quickly brought her fame, especially after a brief three-line story of her engagement with technology at a very young age was published in the New York Times when she was 17. She was under 21 when she became the most well-known woman software developer in Germany. She worked for several technology companies as a consultant and was only 22 when she set up her own company to work on combining innovative fashion projects with technology. She is a true innovator and young spirit, as the magazine Forbes listed her in their 30under30 young entrepreneurs list in 2019. She is a strong advocate for the platform ‘Girls in STEM’, which aims to inspire high school and college students to be interested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, and she mentors young coders at countless events. The passion for combining finance with technology, aiming to explain the stock market in an understandable way to people who have no idea about finance, resulted in a book, Moneymakers, in 2020, which became a SPIEGEL-Bestseller.
Comparison of a Brassica oleracea genetic map with the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Brassica oleracea is closely related to the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite this relationship, it has been difficult to both identify the most closely related segments between the genomes and determine the degree of genome replication within B. oleracea relative to A. thaliana. These difficulties have arisen in part because both species have replicated genomes, and the criteria used to identify orthologous regions between the genomes are often ambiguous. In this report, we compare the positions of sequenced Brassica loci with a known position on a B. oleracea genetic map to the positions of their putative orthologs within the A. thaliana genome. We use explicit criteria to distinguish orthologous from paralogous loci. In addition, we develop a conservative algorithm to identify collinear loci between the genomes and a permutation test to evaluate the significance of these regions. The algorithm identified 34 significant A. thaliana regions that are collinear with >28% of the B. oleracea genetic map. These regions have a mean of 3.3 markers spanning 2.1 Mbp of the A. thaliana genome and 2.5 cM of the B. oleracea genetic map. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the B. oleracea genome has been highly rearranged since divergence from A. thaliana, likely as a result of polyploidization.
Interband Coherence Induced Correction to Adiabatic Pumping in Periodically Driven Systems
Creators: name: Wang, Hailong
name: Zhou, Longwen
name: Gong, Jiangbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Periodic driving can create topological phases of matter absent in static systems. In terms of the displacement of the position expectation value of a time-evolving wavepacket in a closed system, a type of adiabatic dynamics in periodically driven systems is studied for general initial states possessing coherence between different Floquet bands. Under one symmetry assumption, the displacement of the wavepacket center over one adiabatic cycle is found to be comprised by two components independent of the time scale of the adiabatic cycle: a weighted integral of the Berry curvature summed over all Floquet bands, plus an interband coherence induced correction. The found correction is beyond a naive application of the quantum adiabatic theorem but survives in the adiabatic limit due to interband coherence. Our theoretical results are hence of general interest towards an improved understanding of the quantum adiabatic theorem. Our theory is checked using a periodically driven superlattice model with nontrivial topological phases. In addition to probing topological phase transitions, the adiabatic dynamics studied in this work is now also anticipated to be useful in manifesting coherence and decoherence effects in the representation of Floquet bands.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, published version
Why do mixed quantum-classical methods describe short-time dynamics through conical intersections so well? Analysis of geometric phase effects
Creators: name: Gherib, Rami
name: Ryabinkin, Ilya G.
name: Izmaylov, Artur F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adequate simulation of non-adiabatic dynamics through conical intersection requires account for a non-trivial geometric phase (GP) emerging in electronic and nuclear wave-functions in the adiabatic representation. Popular mixed quantum-classical (MQC) methods, surface hopping and Ehrenfest, do not carry a nuclear wave-function to be able to incorporate the GP into nuclear dynamics. Surprisingly, the MQC methods reproduce ultra-fast interstate crossing dynamics generated with the exact quantum propagation so well as if they contained information about the GP. Using two-dimensional linear vibronic coupling models we unravel how the MQC methods can effectively mimic the most significant dynamical GP effects: 1) compensation for repulsive diagonal second order non-adiabatic couplings and 2) transfer enhancement for a fully cylindrically symmetric component of a nuclear distribution.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
The Pixel Luminosity Telescope: A detector for luminosity measurement at CMS using silicon pixel sensors
Creators: name: Lujan, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Pixel Luminosity Telescope is a silicon pixel detector dedicated to luminosity measurement at the CMS experiment at the LHC. It is located approximately 1.75 m from the interaction point and arranged into 16 "telescopes", with eight telescopes installed around the beam pipe at either end of the detector and each telescope composed of three individual silicon sensor planes. The per-bunch instantaneous luminosity is measured by counting events where all three planes in the telescope register a hit, using a special readout at the full LHC bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz. The full pixel information is read out at a lower rate and can be used to determine calibrations, corrections, and systematic uncertainties for the online and offline measurements. This paper details the commissioning, operational history, and performance of the detector during Run 2 (2015-18) of the LHC, as well as preparations for Run 3, which will begin in 2022.
description: 53 pages. Final version as published in Eur. Phys. J. C. Added reference and DOI
Transductive Multi-view Zero-Shot Learning
Creators: name: Fu, Yanwei
name: Hospedales, Timothy M.
name: Xiang, Tao
name: Gong, Shaogang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most existing zero-shot learning approaches exploit transfer learning via an intermediate-level semantic representation shared between an annotated auxiliary dataset and a target dataset with different classes and no annotation. A projection from a low-level feature space to the semantic representation space is learned from the auxiliary dataset and is applied without adaptation to the target dataset. In this paper we identify two inherent limitations with these approaches. First, due to having disjoint and potentially unrelated classes, the projection functions learned from the auxiliary dataset/domain are biased when applied directly to the target dataset/domain. We call this problem the projection domain shift problem and propose a novel framework, transductive multi-view embedding, to solve it. The second limitation is the prototype sparsity problem which refers to the fact that for each target class, only a single prototype is available for zero-shot learning given a semantic representation. To overcome this problem, a novel heterogeneous multi-view hypergraph label propagation method is formulated for zero-shot learning in the transductive embedding space. It effectively exploits the complementary information offered by different semantic representations and takes advantage of the manifold structures of multiple representation spaces in a coherent manner. We demonstrate through extensive experiments that the proposed approach (1) rectifies the projection shift between the auxiliary and target domains, (2) exploits the complementarity of multiple semantic representations, (3) significantly outperforms existing methods for both zero-shot and N-shot recognition on three image and video benchmark datasets, and (4) enables novel cross-view annotation tasks.
description: accepted by IEEE TPAMI, more info and longer report will be available in :http://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/~yf300/embedding/index.html
Constraining scenarios of the soft/hard transition for the pion electromagnetic form factor with expected data of 12-GeV Jefferson Lab experiments and of the Electron-Ion Collider
Creators: name: Troitsky, S. V.
name: Troitsky, V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown previously [PRD 88 (2013) 093005, arXiv:1310.1770] that a non-perturbative relativistic constituent-quark model for the pi-meson electromagnetic form factor allows for a quantitative description of the soft/hard transition, resulting in the correct Quantum-Chromodynamical asymptotics, including normalization, from the low-energy data without further parameter tuning. This happens universally whenever the constituent-quark mass is switched off. The energy range where the transition happens is therefore determined by the quark-mass running at intermediate energies and is not tightly constrained theoretically. Here we consider possible ways to pin down this energy range with coming experimental data. We demonstrate that expected experimental uncertainties of the 12-GeV Jefferson-Lab data are larger than the span of predictions of the model, so these data might be used for testing the model but not for determination of the soft/hard transition scale. Contrary, the projected Electron-Ion Collider will be capable of pinning down the scale.
description: V2: 11 pages, 3 figures (presentation improved; results unchanged; matches the PRD accepted version)
Highly Sensitive Temperature–Strain Hybridized Sensors for Human Health  Status Monitoring
Creators: Chhetry, Ashok
Sharma, Sudeep
Chung, Hyun-Joong
Park, Jae Yeong
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Conference abstract. Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.
Genetic and functional analysis of DD44, a sex-linked gene from the dioecious plant Silene latifolia, provides clues to early events in sex chromosome evolution.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes of S. latifolia provide an opportunity to study the early events in sex chromosome evolution because of their relatively recent emergence. In this article, we present the genetic and physical mapping, expression analysis, and molecular evolutionary analysis of a sex-linked gene from S. latifolia, DD44 (Differential Display 44). DD44 is homologous to the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein, an essential component of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, and is ubiquitously expressed in both sexes. We have been able to genetically map DD44 to a region of the Y chromosome that is genetically linked to the carpel-suppressing locus. Although we have physically mapped DD44 to the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), DD44 maps to the opposite arm of the Y chromosome as determined by our genetic map. These data suggest that chromosomal rearrangements have occurred on the Y chromosome, which may have contributed to the genetic isolation of the Y chromosome. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to the structural and functional evolution of the S. latifolia Y chromosome.