cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
DISTORTIONARY IMPACTS OF THE 1982 AND 1986 U.S. TAX CODES ON CAPITAL INVESTMENTS: A CASE STUDY OF INVESTMENT IN ORANGE GROVES
Creators: name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Muraro, Ronald P.
name: Boggess, William G.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Muraro, Ronald P.
name: Boggess, William G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: The 1980s have been a period of dramatic change for the income tax code in the United States. Although numerous modifications were considered in policy deliberations, two key goals, the reduction of the importance of tax considerations in investment decisions and tax simplification, emerged from the discussion and guided drafting of the 1986 Tax Reform Act. This study examines the importance of tax considerations in investment decisions under the provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and its predecessor, the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982. The study then compares the tax liability under these tax codes with a nondistortionary tax scheme. Results indicate that the Tax Reform Act of 1986 reduced the distortionary effects of the tax code on capital investment decisions. However, a large portion of the reduction can be attributed to the change in the average tax rate.
Additional file 3 of Identification of metabolites associated with prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study with long follow-up in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study
Creators: name: Röhnisch, Hanna E.
name: Kyrø, Cecilie
name: Olsen, Anja
name: Thysell, Elin
name: Hallmans, Göran
name: Moazzami, Ali A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Associations between individual metabolites and prostate cancer risk.
The expected area of the filled planar Brownian loop is Pi/5
Creators: name: Garban, Christophe
name: Ferreras, José A. Trujillo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Let B_t be a planar Brownian loop of time duration 1 (a Brownian motion conditioned so that B_0 = B_1). We consider the compact hull obtained by filling in all the holes, i.e. the complement of the unique unbounded component of R^2\B[0,1]. We show that the expected area of this hull is Pi/5. The proof uses, perhaps not surprisingly, the Schramm Loewner Evolution (SLE). Also, using the result of Yor about the law of the index of a Brownian loop, we show that the expected areas of the regions of non-zero index n equal 1/(2 Pi n^2). As a consequence, we find that the expected area of the region of index zero inside the loop is Pi/30; this value could not be obtained directly using Yor's index description.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 4 of Identification of metabolites associated with prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study with long follow-up in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study
Creators: name: Röhnisch, Hanna E.
name: Kyrø, Cecilie
name: Olsen, Anja
name: Thysell, Elin
name: Hallmans, Göran
name: Moazzami, Ali A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4. Associations significant after correction for multiple testing.
Optical conductivity of the type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe$_4$
Creators: name: Mardelé, F. Le
name: Santos-Cottin, D.
name: Martino, E.
name: Semeniuk, K.
name: David, S. Ben
name: Orbanic, F.
name: Novak, M.
name: Rukelj, Z.
name: Homes, C. C.
name: Akrap, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TaIrTe$_4$ is an example of a candidate Weyl type-II semimetal with a minimal possible number of Weyl nodes. Four nodes are reported to exist a single plane in $k$-space. The existence of a conical dispersion linked to Weyl nodes has yet to be shown experimentally. Here we use optical spectroscopy as a probe of the band structure on a low-energy scale. Studying optical conductivity allows us to probe intraband and interband transitions with zero momentum. In TaIrTe$_4$, we observe a narrow Drude contribution and an interband conductivity that may be consistent with a tilted linear band dispersion up to 40~meV. The interband conductivity allows us to establish the effective parameters of the conical dispersion; effective velocity $v=1.1\cdot 10^{4}$~m/s and tilt $γ=0.37$. The transport data, Seebeck and Hall coefficients, are qualitatively consistent with conical features in the band structure. Quantitative disagreement may be linked to the multiband nature of TaIrTe$_4$.
Conserved gravitational charges, locality and the holographic Weyl anomaly - a fresh viewpoint
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Pedro Lauridsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the proposal of the AdS/CFT correspondence, made by Maldacena and Witten, there has been some controversy about the definition of conserved Noether charges associated to asymptotic isometries in asymptotically AdS spacetimes, namely, whether they form an anomalous (i.e., a nontrivial central extension) representation of the Lie algebra of the conformal group in odd bulk dimensions or not. In the present work, we shall review the derivation of these charges by using covariant phase space techniques, emphasizing the principle of locality underlying it. We shall also comment on how these issues manifest themselves in the quantum setting.
description: revtex4 format, 3 pages, no figures. Modified version of a poster presentation made at the International Conference ''100 Years of Relativity'', held at the MASP, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in August 22nd-24th, 2005. Submitted to refereeing for publication in Conference's Proceedings volume by Braz.J.Phys
AN ANALYSIS OF LENDERS' INFLUENCE ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS' RISK MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
Creators: name: Knight, Thomas O.
name: Lovell, Ashley C.
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: Coble, Keith H.
name: Knight, Thomas O.
name: Lovell, Ashley C.
name: Rister, M. Edward
name: Coble, Keith H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Agricultural lenders have a stake in and are in a position to influence their borrowers' management decisions. Risk management practice adoption is an area in which lenders might want to exercise this influence. This study employs logistic statistical models to estimate lenders' influence on crop producers' decisions regarding use of three alternative risk management practices: federal multiple-peril crop insurance, crop hail and fire insurance, and forward contracting. Results suggest lenders can exert significant influence on these decisions but that poor communication between lenders and borrowers likely reduces this influence.
Additional file 1 of Associations of poor oral health with frailty and physical functioning in the oldest old: results from two studies in England and Japan
Creators: name: Albani, Viviana
name: Nishio, Kensuke
name: Tomoka Ito
name: Kotronia, Eftychia
name: Moynihan, Paula
name: Robinson, Louise
name: Hanratty, Barbara
name: Kingston, Andrew
name: Abe, Yukiko
name: Takayama, Michiyo
name: Iinuma, Toshimitsu
name: Yasumichi Arai
name: Ramsay, Sheena E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
EFFICIENCY TESTS OF JULY KANSAS CITY WHEAT FUTURES
Creators: name: Kastens, Terry L.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
name: Kastens, Terry L.
name: Schroeder, Ted C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Three procedures are used to test Fama semistrong from efficiency of harvesttime price of Kansas City July wheat futures from 1947 through 1995. The three methods are (a) testing for jointly significant parameter estimates on nonfutures explanatory variables in econometric forecasting models, (b) testing the relative accuracy between model-based forecasts and using deferred futures prices as forecasts, and (c) testing for abnormal profits associated with simulated futures trading signaled by the forecasts. Kansas City July wheat futures are generally efficient. Furthermore, relative to the efficiency associated with forecasts constructed one to two months before harvest, the efficiency associated with the five- to six-month period before harvest has increased, especially since the early 1980s.
Additional file 2 of Identification of metabolites associated with prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study with long follow-up in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study
Creators: name: Röhnisch, Hanna E.
name: Kyrø, Cecilie
name: Olsen, Anja
name: Thysell, Elin
name: Hallmans, Göran
name: Moazzami, Ali A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Quality control of metabolites quantified with targeted metabolomics.
REGIONAL COST SHARE NECESSARY FOR RANCHER PARTICIPATION IN BRUSH CONTROL
Creators: name: Lee, Andrew C.
name: Conner, J. Richard
name: Mjelde, James W.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Stuth, Jerry W.
name: Lee, Andrew C.
name: Conner, J. Richard
name: Mjelde, James W.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Stuth, Jerry W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Large-scale brush-control programs are being proposed in Texas to increase off-site water yields. Biophysical and economic simulation models are combined to estimate the effects of brush control on representative ranches in four ecological regions of the Edwards Plateau area of Texas. Net present values of representative ranches in three of four regions decrease with brush control. Cost shares necessary for ranches from the three regions to break even range from 7% to 31% of total brush-control costs. Any large-scale brush-control program will therefore require a substantial investment by the state of Texas.
The Homogeneity of Interstellar Elemental Abundances in the Galactic Disk
Creators: name: Cartledge, Stefan I. B.
name: Lauroesch, J. T.
name: Meyer, David M.
name: Sofia, Ulysses J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present interstellar elemental abundance measurements derived from Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph echelle observations of 47 sight lines extending up to 6.5 kpc through the Galactic disk. These paths probe a variety of interstellar environments, covering ranges of nearly four orders of magnitude in molecular hydrogen fraction f(H_2) and more than two in mean hydrogen sight line density . Coupling the current data with Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph data from 17 additional sight lines and the corresponding Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer and Copernicus observations of H_2 absorption features, we explore magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, nickel, copper, and germanium gas-phase abundance variations as a function of : density-dependent depletion is noted for each element, consistent with a smooth transition between two abundance plateaus identified with warm and cold neutral interstellar medium depletion levels. The observed scatter with respect to an analytic description of these transitions implies that total elemental abundances are homogeneous on length scales of hundreds of parsecs, to the limits of abundance measurement uncertainty. The probable upper limit we determine for intrinsic variability at any is 0.04 dex, aside from an apparent 0.10 dex deficit in copper (and oxygen) abundances within 800 pc of the Sun. Magnesium dust abundances are shown to scale with the amount of silicon in dust and, in combination with a similar relationship between iron and silicon, these data appear to favor the young F and G star values of Sofia & Meyer (2001; ApJ 554, L221) as an elemental abundance standard for the Galaxy.
description: 58 pages, including 11 figures and 9 tables, accepted by ApJ
Astrophysical parameters of Galactic open clusters
Creators: name: Kharchenko, N. V.
name: Piskunov, A. E.
name: Röser, S.
name: Schilbach, E.
name: Scholz, R. -D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a catalogue of astrophysical data of 520 Galactic open clusters. These are the clusters, for which at least three most probable members (18 on average) could be identified in the ASCC-2.5, a catalogue of stars based on the Tycho-2 observations from the Hipparcos mission. We applied homogeneous methods and algorithms to determine angular sizes of cluster cores and coronae, heliocentric distances, mean proper motions, mean radial velocities and ages. For the first time we derive distances for 200 clusters, radial velocities for 94 clusters and determine ages of 196 clusters. This homogeneous new parameter set is compared with earlier determinations. In particular, we find that the angular sizes were systematically underestimated in the literature.
description: accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 11 pages, 8 figures (Fig.1 and Fig.B1 available as jpg files), the Catalogue of Open Cluster Data and the Open Cluster Diagrams Atlas will be available from the CDS
Two temperature Ising Model
Creators: name: Cheraghalizadeh, J.
name: Seifi, M.
name: Ebadi, Z.
name: Mohammadzadeh, H.
name: Najafi, M. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a two-temperature Ising model as a prototype of superstatistic critical phenomena. The model is described by two temperatures ($T_1,T_2$) in zero magnetic field. To predict the phase diagram and numerically estimate the exponents, we develop Metropolis and Swendsen-Wang Monte Carlo method. We observe that there is a non-trivial critical line, separating ordered and disordered phases. We propose an analytic equation for the critical line in the phase diagram. Our numerical estimation of the critical exponents illustrates that all points on the critical line belong to the ordinary Ising universality class.
Suttner, Ernst Chr., Patock, Coelestin: Wegzeichen
Creators: name: Davids, A.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 56 (1972): Oriens christianus, Band 56
Effectus of Quantum Probability on Relational Structures
Creators: name: Zapata, Octavio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The notion of effectus from categorical logic is relevant in the emerging field of categorical probability theory. In some cases, stochastic maps are represented by maps in the Kleisli category of some probability monad. Quantum homomorphisms from combinatorics and quantum information theory are the Kleisli maps of certain sort of quantum monad. We show that the Kleisli category of this quantum monad is an effectus. This gives rise to notions of quantum probabilistic reasoning as predicates, validity, conditioning, and channels.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2019, arXiv:2004.14750
On the quantum (in)stability in cavity QED
Creators: name: Prants, S. V.
name: Uleysky, M. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stability and instability of quantum motion is studied in the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). It is shown that the Jaynes-Cummings dynamics can be unstable in the regime of chaotic walking of an atom in the quantized field of a standing wave in the absence of any other interaction with environment. This quantum instability manifests itself in strong variations of quantum purity and entropy and in exponential sensitivity of fidelity of quantum states to small variations in the atom-field detuning. It is quantified in terms of the respective classical maximal Lyapunov exponent that can be estimated in appropriate in-out experiments.
Diffractive Interstellar Scintillation of the Quasar J1819+3845 at 21cm
Creators: name: Macquart, Jean-Pierre
name: de Bruyn, Ger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of fast, frequency-dependent intensity variations from the scintillating intra-day variable quasar J1819+3845 at a wavelength of 21cm which resemble diffractive interstellar scintillations observed in pulsars. The timescale (down to 20 min) and the bandwidth (frequency decorrelation bandwidth of 160 MHz) of the observed variations jointly imply that the component of the source exhibiting this scintillation must possess a brightness temperature well in excess of the inverse Compton limit. A specific model in which both the source and scintillation pattern are isotropic implies a brightness temperature 0.5 x 10^13 z_{pc} K, where previous estimates place the distance to the scattering medium in the range z_{pc}=4-12pc, yielding a minimum brightness temperature >20 times the inverse Compton limit. An independent estimate of the screen distance using the 21cm scintillation properties alone indicates a minimum screen distance of z approx 40pc and a brightness temperature above 2 x 10^14 K. There is no evidence for anisotropy in the scattering medium or source from the scintillation characteristics, but these estimates may be reduced by a factor comparable to the axial ratio if the source is indeed elongated.
description: A&A in press, 18 pages, 9 figs
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION: AN INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT APPROACH
Creators: name: Antle, John M.
name: Capalbo, Susan Marie
name: Mooney, Sian
name: Elliott, Edward T.
name: Paustian, Keith H.
name: Antle, John M.
name: Capalbo, Susan Marie
name: Mooney, Sian
name: Elliott, Edward T.
name: Paustian, Keith H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This study develops an integrated assessment approach for analysis of the economic potential for carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. By linking a site-specific economic simulation model of agricultural production to a crop ecosystem model, the approach shows the economic efficiency of soil carbon (C) sequestration depends on site-specific opportunity costs of changing production practices and rates of soil C sequestration. An application is made to the dryland grain production systems of the U.S. Northern Plains which illustrates the sensitivity of the sequestration costs to policy design. The marginal cost of soil C ranges from $12 to $500 per metric ton depending upon the type of contract or payment mechanism used, the amount of carbon sequestered, and the site-specific characteristics of the areas.
Spectral Variability of Quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. II: The C IV Line
Creators: name: Wilhite, B. C.
name: Berk, D. E. Vanden
name: Brunner, R. J.
name: Brinkmann, J. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the variability of the high-ionizaton C IV line in a sample of 105 quasars observed at multiple epochs by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find a strong correlation between the change in the C IV line flux and the change in the line width, but no correlations between the change in flux and changes in line center and skewness. The relation between line flux change and line width change is consistent with a model in which a broad line base varies with greater amplitude than the line core. The objects studied here are more luminous and at higher redshift than those normally studied for variability, ranging in redshift from 1.65 to 4.00 and in absolute r-band magnitude from roughly -24 to -28. Using moment analysis line-fitting techniques, we measure line fluxes, centers, widths and skewnesses for the C IV line at two epochs for each object. The well-known Baldwin Effect is seen for these objects, with a slope beta = -0.22. The sample has a median intrinsic Baldwin Effect slope of beta = -0.85; the C IV lines in these high-luminosity quasars appear to be less responsive to continuum variations than those in lower luminosity AGN. Additionally, we find no evidence for variability of the well known blueshift of the C IV line with respect to the low-ionization Mg II line in the highest flux objects, indicating that this blueshift might be useful as a measure of orientation.
description: 52 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Analytic description of anomalous diffusion in heterogeneous environments: Fokker-Planck equation without fractional derivatives
Creators: name: Kalashnikov, Ilia
name: Likhomanova, Polina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model of diffusion in heterogeneous environment, which qualitatively reflects the transport properties of a polymeric membrane with carbon nanotubes. We derived Fokker-Planck equation from system of stochastic equations, responding diffusion regime in polymer and ballistic regime in nanotube areas. We show how probability density function is changed in presence of nanotube areas. Hereupon nonlinear time dependence of mean square displacement is observed, that indicates anomalous diffusion regime. Thus, the model explains mechanism of appearance of anomalous diffusion for diffusion-ballistic regime. Our approach does not suppose any type of distributions and using fractional differentiate apparatus.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, 28 references
THE EFFECT OF E. COLI O157:H7 ON BEEF PRICES
Creators: name: McKenzie, Andrew M.
name: Thomsen, Michael R.
name: McKenzie, Andrew M.
name: Thomsen, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Using an event study, we examine the impact of recalls for E. Coli O157:H7 on wholesale and farm-level beef prices. Prices for boneless beef, a high-volume product primarily used for processing into ground beef, react negatively to recalls, suggesting incentives exist for packing firms to adopt measures that reduce the risk of contamination. However, there is no reaction in live cattle prices and very little reaction in boxed beef prices to recall events. This suggests short-run price responses found at the wholesale level for boneless beef do not transmit back to the farm level.
Multiphoton Antiresonance and Quantum Activation in Driven Systems
Creators: name: Dykman, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that nonlinear response of a quantum oscillator displays antiresonant dips and resonant peaks with varying frequency of the driving field. The effect is a consequence of special symmetry and is related to resonant multiphoton mixing of several pairs of oscillator states at a time. We also discuss escape from a metastable state of forced vibrations. Two important examples show that the probability of escape via diffusion over quasienergy is larger than via dynamical tunneling provided the relaxation rate exceeds both of them. Diffusion dominates even for zero temperature, so that escape occurs via quantum rather than thermal activation. The effects can be studied using Josephson junctions and Josephson-junction based systems.
description: An invited talk at "Unsolved Problems of Noise", 2005
Reduction and immobilization of selenium in wetland sediment
Creators: name: Hodaly, Al Henry
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Elevated levels of selenium have been found in stream waters downstream of surface coalmines in the Elk River Basin (McDonald and Strosher, 1998). The fate of Se in slow-moving side-channels and wetlands in the Elk River Valley is important because these types of ecosystems are some of the most important feeding and breeding habitats for fish and wildlife. The focus of this study was to observe the potential for selenium uptake in the sediments of these wetlands. If successful, wetlands could represent an effective passive remediation technology for the area. Sediment from Goddard Wetland was used in this study. Monitoring by the Elkview Mine found soluble selenium concentrations as high as 106 μg/L in the Goddard Tailing Pond, which feeds directly into Goddard Wetland. Sediment samples were inoculated into Thauera selenatis (T.sel) and sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) growth media. After approximately 3 days a bright-red precipitate (Se°) was seen in the T.sel medium, and after 13 days the SRB medium turned jet-black (FeS), confirming the presence of these microorganisms in the sediment. In both media, selenate concentrations decreased significantly (619 ppb -> 15 ppb and 364 ppb ->22 ppb, respectively) confirming the ability of these organisms to reduce selenate. Adsorption experiments performed with sterilized sediment showed that selenite adsorbed very strongly (78-100% removal from solution) to sediment, while selenate did not adsorb at all. A semi-continuous microcosm experiment was run to determine whether these selenium immobilizing/removal mechanisms would occur in an open system representative of the Goddard Wetland. Results clearly demonstrated that Se concentrations in solution decreased markedly after spiking; within one week, average concentrations dropped from 401 μg/L to 37 μg/L There was no significant difference between organically amended and unamended microcosms, possibly because the sediment used in these trials already had a high organic matter content (TOC = 26%; Walkley-Black C = 16%).
ASSESSING CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR ORGANIC, ECO-LABELED, AND REGULAR APPLES
Creators: name: Loureiro, Maria L.
name: McCluskey, Jill J.
name: Mittelhammer, Ronald C.
name: Loureiro, Maria L.
name: McCluskey, Jill J.
name: Mittelhammer, Ronald C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: We assess consumer choice of eco-labeled, organic, and regular apples, and identify sociodemographic characteristics affecting the choice among those three alternatives. Eco-labeled apples are less desirable than organic when food safety, the environment, and children's needs are considered. Characteristics that may be expected to positively affect the decision to buy eco-labeled apples relative to regular apples actually have the opposite effect with the inclusion of the organic alternative. When considering all three choices, the eco-labeled product is found to be an intermediate choice among consumers.
Cardassian Expansion: Dark Energy Density from Modified Friedmann Equations
Creators: name: Freese, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cardassian universe is a proposed modification to the Friedmann equation in which the universe is flat, matter dominated, and accelerating. In the ordinary Friedmann equation, the right hand side is a linear function of the energy density, $H^2 \sim ρ$. Here, instead, the right hand side of the Friedmann equation is a different function of the energy density, $H^2 \sim g(ρ)$. This function returns to ordinary Friedmann at early times, but drives acceleration of the universe at the current epoch. The only ingredients in this universe are matter and radiation: in particular, there is NO vacuum contribution. The new term required may arise, e.g., as a consequence of our observable universe living as a 3-dimensional brane in a higher dimensional universe. A second possible interpretation of Cardassian expansion is developed, in which we treat the modified Friedman equations as due to a fluid, in which the energy density has new contributions with negative pressure (possibly due to dark matter with self-interactions). Predictions are shown for observational tests of generalized Cardassian models in future supernova surveys.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, in press, New Astronomy Reviews
Scott Continuity in Generalized Probabilistic Theories
Creators: name: Furber, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.3.2; F.1.2

description: Scott continuity is a concept from domain theory that had an unexpected previous life in the theory of von Neumann algebras. Scott-continuous states are known as normal states, and normal states are exactly the states coming from density matrices. Given this, and the usefulness of Scott continuity in domain theory, it is natural to ask whether this carries over to generalized probabilistic theories. We show that the answer is no - there are infinite-dimensional convex sets for which the set of Scott-continuous states on the corresponding set of 2-valued POVMs does not recover the original convex set, but is strictly larger. This shows the necessity of the use of topologies for state-effect duality in the general case, rather than purely order theoretic notions.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2019, arXiv:2004.14750
Additional file 1 of Identification of metabolites associated with prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study with long follow-up in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study
Creators: name: Röhnisch, Hanna E.
name: Kyrø, Cecilie
name: Olsen, Anja
name: Thysell, Elin
name: Hallmans, Göran
name: Moazzami, Ali A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Methods for targeted MS and NMR-based metabolomics.
Additional file 1 of In vitro evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid velocity measurement in type I Chiari malformation: repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement using 2D phase contrast and 4D flow MRI
Creators: name: Williams, Gwendolyn
name: Thyagaraj, Suraj
name: Fu, Audrey
name: Oshinski, John
name: Giese, Daniel
name: Bunck, Alexander C.
name: Fornari, Eleonora
name: Santini, Francesco
name: Luciano, Mark
name: Loth, Francis
name: Martin, Bryn A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1A-D. Forest Plot of meta-analysis separated by imaging modality (2D PC MRI vs 4D PC MRI) and Chiari vs healthy populations. Table S1. Effect sizes and corresponding p values estimated from the secondary linear mixed-effects model for velocity measurements. This model uses Center 2 as the baseline and includes interactions between scanning modality, scanning center, and axial position of imaging. The mean effect size is provided, along with the 95% confidence interval (CI). We used Bonferroni correction to account for multiple testing. * represents statistical significance under Bonferroni correction where the threshold is p < 0.05/14=0.0036.
Moduli Dependent mu-Terms in a Heterotic Standard Model
Creators: name: Braun, Volker
name: He, Yang-Hui
name: Ovrut, Burt A.
name: Pantev, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a formalism for computing the non-vanishing Higgs mu-terms in a heterotic standard model. This is accomplished by calculating the cubic product of the cohomology groups associated with the vector bundle moduli (phi), Higgs (H) and Higgs conjugate (Hbar) superfields. This leads to terms proportional to phi H Hbar in the low energy superpotential which, for non-zero moduli expectation values, generate moduli dependent mu-terms of the form H Hbar. It is found that these interactions are subject to two very restrictive selection rules, each arising from a Leray spectral sequence, which greatly reduce the number of moduli that can couple to Higgs-Higgs conjugate fields. We apply our formalism to a specific heterotic standard model vacuum. The non-vanishing cubic interactions phi H Hbar are explicitly computed in this context and shown to contain only four of the nineteen vector bundle moduli.
description: 23 pages, LaTeX
SIMULATED MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD FOR DOUBLE-BOUNDED REFERENDUM MODELS
Creators: name: Riddel, Mary C.
name: Riddel, Mary C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Although joint estimation of referendum-type contingent value (CV) survey responses using maximum-likelihood models is preferred to single-equation estimation, it has been largely disregarded because estimation involves evaluating multivariate normal probabilities. New developments in the construction of probability simulators have addressed this problem, and simulated maximum likelihood (SML) for multiple-good models is now possible. This analysis applies SML for a three-good model under a double-bounded questioning format. Results indicate joint estimation substantially improves the variances of the parameters and willingness-to-pay estimates.
Evolutionary Processes in Quantum Decision Theory
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The review presents the basics of quantum decision theory, with the emphasis on temporary processes in decision making. The aim is to explain the principal points of the theory. The difference of an operationally testable rational choice between alternatives from a choice decorated by irrational feelings is elucidated. Quantum-classical correspondence is emphasized. A model of quantum intelligence network is described. Dynamic inconsistencies are shown to be resolved in the frame of the quantum decision theory.
description: Latex file, 39 pages
Data for: Phylogenetic structure of body shape in a diverse inland ichthyofauna
Creators: name: Torgersen, Kevin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Mississippi
Louisiana
Fishes
3D photogrammetry
Geometric Morphometrics
morphospace
body shape
Multidisciplinary

description: Body shape is a fundamental metric of animal diversity affecting critical behavioral and ecological dynamics and conservation status, yet previously available methods capture only a fraction of total body-shape variance. Here we use structure-from-motion (SFM) 3D photogrammetry to generate digital 3D models of adult fishes from the Lower Mississippi Basin, one of the most diverse temperate-zone freshwater faunas on Earth, and 3D geometric morphometrics to capture morphologically distinct shape variables, interpreting principal components as growth fields. The mean body shape in this fauna resembles plesiomorphic teleost fishes, and the major dimensions of body-shape disparity are similar to those of other fish faunas worldwide. Major patterns of body-shape disparity are structured by phylogeny, with nested clades occupying distinct portions of the morphospace, most of the morphospace occupied by multiple distinct clades, and one clade (Acanthomorpha) accounting for over half of the total body shape variance. In contrast to previous studies, variance in body depth (59.4%) structures overall body-shape disparity more than does length (31.1%), while width accounts for a non-trivial (9.5%) amount of the total body-shape disparity.
description: Landmark files in the "3D_landmarks" folder are in .fcsv format can be read by common text editors or Microsoft Excel. They can also be loaded into R.

"Slicer_Ouput" files can be opened using any text editor or Microsoft Excel. They are loaded into R using scripts found in the "LA_Fishes_Master_Script.R" file.

Supplementary tables ST1 and ST2 are best viewed using Microsoft Excel.

"family_skeletal.tre" - Tree topology from Rabosky et al. 2018 of all actinopterygian fish families to be loaded into R using the scripts provided. Can also be viewed in FigTree.
description: 3D models of fish specimens from the Lower Mississippi Basin were created using SFM 3D photogrammetry. The models were then landmarked in three dimensions using the free program Slicer. Landmark files for each model were exported from Slicer and are found in the "3D_landmarks" folder. The landmarks files were loaded back into Slicer and processed using the GPA module. The GPA module outputs were exported as the folder "Slicer_Output".
The effect of a strong external radiation field on protostellar envelopes in Orion
Creators: name: Jorgensen, Jes K.
name: Johnstone, Doug
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
name: Doty, Steven D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the effects of an enhanced interstellar radiation field (ISRF) on the observables of protostellar cores in the Orion cloud region. Dust radiative transfer is used to constrain the envelope physical structure by reproducing SCUBA 850 micron emission. Previously reported 13CO, C17O and H2CO line observations are reproduced through detailed Monte Carlo line radiative transfer models. It is found that the 13CO line emission is marginally optically thick and sensitive to the physical conditions in the outer envelope. An increased temperature in this region is needed in order to reproduce the 13CO line strengths and it is suggested to be caused by a strong heating from the exterior, corresponding to an ISRF in Orion 10^3 times stronger than the "standard" ISRF. The typical temperatures in the outer envelope are higher than the desorption temperature for CO. The C17O emission is less sensitive to this increased temperature but rather traces the bulk envelope material. The data are only fit by a model where CO is depleted, except in the inner and outermost regions where the temperature increases above 30-40 K. The fact that the temperatures do not drop below approximately 25 K in any of the envelopes whereas a significant fraction of CO is frozen-out suggest that the interstellar radiation field has changed through the evolution of the cores. The H2CO lines are successfully reproduced in the model of an increased ISRF with constant abundances of 3-5x10^{-10}.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Mees, M.: Die Zitate aus dem Neuen Testament bei Clemens von Alexandrien
Creators: name: Davids, A.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 56 (1972): Oriens christianus, Band 56
Superfluid Spin-down, with Random Unpinning of the Vortices
Creators: name: Jahan-Miri, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The so-called ``creeping'' motion of the pinned vortices in a rotating superfluid involves ``random unpinning'' and ``vortex motion'' as two physically separate processes. We argue that such a creeping motion of the vortices need not be (biased) in the direction of an existing radial Magnus force, nor should a constant microscopic radial velocity be assigned to the vortex motion, in contradiction with the basic assumptions of the ``vortex creep'' model. We point out internal inconsistencies in the predictions of this model which arise due to this unjustified foundation that ignores the role of the actual torque on the superfluid. The proper spin-down rate of a pinned superfluid is then calculated and turns out to be much less than that suggested in the vortex creep model, hence being of even less observational significance for its possible application in explaining the post-glitch relaxations of the radio pulsars.
description: To be published in J. Low Temp. Phys., Vol. 139, May 2005 [Eqs 11, 15-17 here, have been revised and, may be substituted for the corresponding ones in that paper]
THE WELFARE SENSITIVITY OF AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS
Creators: name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Claassen, Roger
name: Howe, Lance
name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Claassen, Roger
name: Howe, Lance
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Most economic studies of pollution control analyze policies that are optimal for a given set of underlying parameters. Less understood is how such policies perform when the underlying parameters change and policies are not adjusted in response, or what the benefits of adjustment are. We construct several measures of welfare sensitivity and use them to analyze the welfare impacts arising in a simulation of second-best, agri-environmental policies.
The chemical evolution of Barium and Europium in the Milky Way
Creators: name: Cescutti, G.
name: Francois, P.
name: Matteucci, F.
name: Cayrel, R.
name: Spite, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the evolution of the abundances of barium and europium in the Milky Way and we compare our results with the observed abundances from the recent UVES Large Program "First Stars". We use a chemical evolution model which already reproduces the majority of observational constraints. We confirm that barium is a neutron capture element mainly produced in the low mass AGB stars during the thermal-pulsing phase by the 13C neutron source, in a slow neutron capture process. However, in order to reproduce the [Ba/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] as well as the Ba solar abundance, we suggest that Ba should be also produced as an r-process element by massive stars in the range 10-30 solar masses. On the other hand, europium should be only an r-process element produced in the same range of masses (10-30 solar masses), at variance with previous suggestions indicating a smaller mass range for the Eu producers. As it is well known, there is a large spread in the [Ba/Fe] and [Eu/Fe] ratios at low metallicities, although smaller in the newest data. With our model we estimate for both elements (Ba and Eu) the ranges for the r-process yields from massive stars which better reproduce the trend of the data. We find that with the same yields which are able to explain the observed trends, the large spread in the [Ba/Fe] and [Eu/Fe] ratios cannot be explained even in the context of an inhomogeneous models for the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. We therefore derive the amount by which the yields should be modified to fully account for the observed spread. We then discuss several possibilities to explain the size of the spread. We finally suggest that the production ratio of [Ba/Eu] could be almost constant in the massive stars.
description: 14 pages, 17 figures, accepted for pubblication in A&A
ROS: Resource-constrained Oracle Synthesis for Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Meuli, Giulia
name: Soeken, Mathias
name: Roetteler, Martin
name: De Micheli, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a completely automatic synthesis framework for oracle functions, a central part in many quantum algorithms. The proposed framework for resource-constrained oracle synthesis (ROS) is a LUT-based hierarchical method in which every step is specifically tailored to address hardware resource constraints. ROS embeds a LUT mapper designed to simplify the successive synthesis steps, costing each LUT according to the resources used by its corresponding quantum circuit. In addition, the framework exploits a SAT-based quantum garbage management technique. Those two characteristics give ROS the ability to beat the state-of-the-art hierarchical method both in number of qubits and in number of operations. The efficiency of the framework is demonstrated by synthesizing quantum oracles for Grover's algorithm.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2019, arXiv:2004.14750
AN EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTICS USE AND REPLANTING DECISIONS IN APPLE PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Roosen, Jutta
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Roosen, Jutta
name: Hennessy, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Antibiotics are used in fruit production to control fire blight, a bacterial disease of fruit trees that causes yield losses and eventually tree death. Fearing the development of widespread antibiotic resistance, scientists and public health officials are becoming increasingly concerned about antibiotics use in agriculture. A framework is developed for assessing the impacts of changes in tree damage risk following a ban on antibiotics use in the apple industry. Allowing for entry and exit, a long-run analysis of replanting dates and equilibrium prices is provided, as well as an estimate of the welfare impacts of a ban on antibiotics.
Additional file 1 of Validation and psychometric properties of the drug users’ quality of life scale in Iranian population
Creators: name: Heydarpour, Sousan
name: Jalali, Amir
name: Baghaei, Fatemeh
name: Salari, Nader
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table. Factors extracted after exploratory analysis.