cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The case for a distributed solar dynamo shaped by near-surface shear
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Arguments for and against the widely accepted picture of a solar dynamo being seated in the tachocline are reviewed and alternative ideas concerning dynamos operating in the bulk of the convection zone, or perhaps even in the near-surface shear layer, are discussed. Based on the angular velocities of magnetic tracers it is argued that the observations are compatible with a distributed dynamo that may be strongly shaped by the near-surface shear layer. Direct simulations of dynamo action in a slab with turbulence and shear are presented to discuss filling factor and tilt angles of bipolar regions in such a model.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, Astrophys. J. 625 (scheduled for the 1 June 2005 issue)
Chancen für theologische Forschung und Ausbildung aus ökumenischen Quellen
Creators: name: Wolf, Hans-Heinrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 31 Nr. 4 (1982): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 31, Heft 4
High metal content of highly accreting quasars
Creators: name: Śniegowska, Marzena
name: Marziani, Paola
name: Czerny, Bożena
name: Panda, Swayamtrupta
name: Martínez-Aldama, Mary Loli
name: del Olmo, Ascensión
name: D'Onofrio, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of UV spectra of 13 quasars believed to belong to extreme Population A (xA) quasars, aimed at the estimation of the chemical abundances of the broad line emitting gas. Metallicity estimates for the broad line emitting gas of quasars are subject to a number of caveats, although present data suggest the possibility of an increase along the quasar main sequence along with prominence of optical Fe II emission. Extreme Population A sources with the strongest Fe II emission offer several advantages with respect to the quasar general population, as their optical and UV emission lines can be interpreted as the sum of a low-ionization component roughly at quasar rest frame (from virialized gas), plus a blueshifted excess (a disk wind), in different physical conditions. Specifically, in terms of ionization parameter, cloud density, metallicity and column density. Capitalizing on these results, we analyze the component at rest frame and the blueshifted one, exploiting the dependence (of several intensity line ratios on metallicity $Z$). We find that the validity of intensity line ratios as metallicity indicators depends on the physical conditions. We apply the measured diagnostic ratios to estimate the physical properties of sources such as density, ionization, and metallicity of the gas. Our results confirm that the two regions (the low-ionization component and the blue-shifted excess) of different dynamical conditions also show different physical conditions and suggest metallicity values that are high, and probably the highest along the quasar main sequence, with $Z \gtrsim 10 Z_{\odot}$. We found some evidence of an overabundance of Aluminium with respect to Carbon, possibly due to selective enrichment of the broad line emitting gas by supernova ejecta.
description: 39 pages, will appear in ApJ
Piersaloceras undetermined Teichert 1930
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Graciloceratidae
Piersaloceras
Piersaloceras undetermined

description: Piersaloceras (?) sp.
Figs 30C, 31A
Material examined
ESTONIA • Sutlema old quarry; Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; TUG 1827-163.
Description
The specimen is a fragment of a curved body chamber, preserved in its total length but lateral parts of the body chamber are missing (Fig. 30C). The outer shell is well-preserved, it is ornamented with narrowly spaced (ca 15–20 per 10 mm) imbricated frills (Fig. 31A), which are directly transverse, and parallel to the peristome. No hyponomic sinus occurs. In lateral view, both margins are curved. The curvature of the concave margin is wider than that of the convex margin, which results in a gibbous outline of the body chamber. The greatest conch height of 50 mm is located at ca mid-length of the body chamber. At its base, the height is 48 mm and at the aperture 43 mm. The suture, reconstructed from the base of the body chamber, forms a narrow lateral lobe. No traces of the siphuncle and of the septal foramen are preserved.
Remarks
The characteristically frilled ornamentation of this fragment is most similar to that of P. gageli Teichert, 1930, which, in turn, is known only from a single, immature specimen. It differs from the type specimen (and, to date, only known specimen of this genus) in lacking the longitudinal furrows on the impression of the mold, which could be an effect of the typical oncoceratid longitudinal ridges, and which is present in more apical conch parts of many oncocerids (see discussion in Frye 1987: 92). Because details of the siphuncle and parts of the phragmocone are unknown from the specimen described above, a definite determination is not possible. The general shape of the body chamber is similar to that of Redpathoceras saxbyense sp. nov., and to Uranoceratidae, such as Deckeroceras Foerste, 1935b. The mature body chamber of the former is however longer (68 mm) and at its base less high (45 mm). More complete, better-preserved material is needed to evaluate the relationship of this specimen to Redpathoceras, or whether Piersaloceras might belong to the Uranoceratidae or Probillingsitidae Flower, 1941.
Notably, some oncoceratids, such as Beloitoceras or Neumatoceras also have similarly shaped body chambers, but are more strongly compressed and have a hyponomic sinus. This could link oncoceratids and uranoceratids, as suggested by the phylogeny in Pohle et al. (2022).
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on pages 76-77, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376
Study of ($p,n$)IAS and ($^3$He,$t$)IAS charge-exchange reactions with the $G$-matrix folding method
Creators: name: Huan, Phan Nhut
name: Anh, Nguyen Le
name: Loc, Bui Minh
name: Vidana, Isaac
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Differential cross sections of ($p,n$) and ($^3$He,$t$) charge-exchange reactions leading to the excitation of the isobaric analog state (IAS) of the target nucleus are calculated with the distorted wave Born approximation. The $G$-matrix double-folding method is employed to determine the nucleus-nucleus optical potential within the framework of the Lane model. $G$-matrices are obtained from a Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculation using the Argonne Av18 nucleon-nucleon potential. Target densities have been taken from Skyrme-Hartree-Fock calculations which predict values for the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei compatible with current existing data. Calculations are compared with experimental data of the reactions ($p,n$)IAS on $^{14}$C at $E_{lab}=135$ MeV and $^{48}$Ca at $E_{lab}=134$ MeV and $E_{lab}=160$ MeV, and ($^3$He,$t$)IAS on $^{58}$Ni, $^{90}$Zr and $^{208}$Pb at $E_{lab}=420$ MeV. Experimental results are well described without the necessity of any rescaling of the strength of the optical potential. A clear improvement in the description of the differential cross sections for the ($^3$He,$t$)IAS reactions on $^{58}$Ni and $^{90}$Zr targets is found when the neutron excess density is used to determine the transition densities. Our results show that the density and isospin dependences of the $G$-matrices play a non-negligible role in the description of the experimental data.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review C
Ghost D-branes
Creators: name: Okuda, Takuya
name: Takayanagi, Tadashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a ghost D-brane in superstring theories as an object that cancels the effects of an ordinary D-brane. The supergroups U(N|M) and OSp(N|M) arise as gauge symmetries in the supersymmetric world-volume theory of D-branes and ghost D-branes. A system with a pair of D-brane and ghost D-brane located at the same location is physically equivalent to the closed string vacuum. When they are separated, the system becomes a new brane configuration. We generalize the type I/heterotic duality by including n ghost D9-branes on the type I side and by considering the heterotic string whose gauge group is OSp(32+2n|2n). Motivated by the type IIB S-duality applied to D9- and ghost D9-branes, we also find type II-like closed superstrings with U(n|n) gauge symmetry.
description: 49 pages, 6 figures, harvmac. v2: references and acknowledgements added
Cross-correlations as a Diagnostic Tool for Primordial Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Malhotra, Ameek
name: Dimastrogiovanni, Ema
name: Fasiello, Matteo
name: Shiraishi, Maresuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore and corroborate, by working out explicit examples, the effectiveness of cross-correlating stochastic gravitational wave background anisotropies with CMB temperature fluctuations as a way to establish the primordial nature of a given gravitational wave signal. We consider the case of gravitational wave anisotropies induced by scalar-tensor-tensor primordial non-Gaussianity. Our analysis spans anisotropies exhibiting different angular behaviours, including a quadrupolar dependence. We calculate the expected uncertainty on the non-linearity parameter $F_{\rm NL}$ obtained as a result of cross-correlation measurements for several proposed experiments such as the ground-based Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, and the space-based Big-Bang Observer. As a benchmark for future survey planning, we also calculate the theoretical, cosmic-variance-limited, error on the non-linearity parameter.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures. Corrected references, updated with JCAP version
POWERING THE COSMOS - NAVIGATING THE POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS IN SPACE EXPLORATION
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Nuclear Reactors
Space Exploration
Mars Missions
Interstellar Propulsion
Advanced Sensors
Computational Modeling
Safety Protocols
Cooling Systems
Exoplanet Exploration
International Collaboration

description: This article delves into the multifaceted potential and challenges associated with deploying nuclear reactors in space, focusing on their application in Mars exploration, asteroid sample collection missions, and missions to distant moons and exoplanets. The prospect of using nuclear propulsion to address the energy demands of future space exploration is examined, emphasizing the need for safety, security, and advanced technologies. The integration of advanced sensors, computational modeling, and innovative cooling systems is explored as essential components in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of space nuclear reactors. Additionally, the article highlights the importance of comprehensive safety measures, backup systems, and contingency plans to mitigate risks and guarantee mission success. The intersection of technological advancements, safety protocols, and international collaboration is emphasized as pivotal for unlocking the full potential of nuclear-powered missions and expanding humanity's reach into the cosmos.

 

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit den vielfältigen Potenzialen und Herausforderungen, die mit dem Einsatz von Kernreaktoren im Weltraum verbunden sind, und konzentriert sich auf deren Anwendung bei der Erforschung des Mars, bei Missionen zur Sammlung von Asteroidenproben und bei Missionen zu fernen Monden und Exoplaneten. Es wird die Aussicht auf den Einsatz nuklearer Antriebe zur Deckung des Energiebedarfs der künftigen Weltraumforschung untersucht, wobei der Bedarf an Sicherheit und fortschrittlichen Technologien betont wird. Die Integration fortschrittlicher Sensoren, Computermodelle und innovativer Kühlsysteme wird als wesentliche Komponenten zur Gewährleistung der Zuverlässigkeit und Effizienz von Weltraumkernreaktoren untersucht. Darüber hinaus betont der Artikel die Bedeutung umfassender Sicherheitsmaßnahmen, Backup-Systeme und Notfallpläne, um Risiken zu mindern und den Erfolg der Mission zu gewährleisten. Die Schnittstelle zwischen technologischen Fortschritten, Sicherheitsprotokollen und internationaler Zusammenarbeit wird als entscheidend für die Erschließung des vollen Potenzials nuklearbetriebener Missionen und die Ausweitung der Reichweite der Menschheit im Kosmos hervorgehoben.
The lengths of Hermitian Self-Dual Extended Duadic Codes
Creators: name: Dicuangco, Lilibeth
name: Moree, Pieter
name: Sole, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11N64; 94B15; 11N37

description: Duadic codes are a class of cyclic codes that generalizes quadratic residue codes from prime to composite lengths. For every prime power q, we characterize the integers n such that over the finite field with q^2 elements there is a duadic code of length n having an Hermitian self-dual parity-check extension. We derive using analytic number theory asymptotic estimates for the number of such n as well as for the number of lengths for which duadic codes exist.
description: To appear in the Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra. 21 pages and 1 Table. Corollary 4.9 and Theorem 5.8 have been added. Some small changes have been made
Double stage Lyot coronagraph with the apodized reticulated stop for extremely large telescope
Creators: name: Yaitskova, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the science drivers for the extremely large telescope (ELT) is imaging and spectroscopy of exo-solar planets located as close as 20mas to their parent star. The application requires a well thought-out design of the high contrast imaging instrumentation. Several working coronagraphic concepts have already been developed for the monolithic telescope with the diameter up to 8 meter. Nevertheless the conclusions made about the performance of these systems cannot be applied directly to the telescope of the diameter 30-100m. The existing schemes are needed to be reconsidered taking into account the specific characteristics of a segmented surface. We start this work with the classical system ? Lyot coronagraph. We show that while the increase in telescope diameter is an advantage for the high contrast range science, the segmentation sets a limit on the performance of the coronagraph. Diffraction from intersegment gaps sets a floor to the achievable extinction of the starlight. Masking out the bright segment gaps in the Lyot plane although helps increasing the contrast, does not solve completely the problem: the high spatial frequency component of the diffractive light remains. We suggest using the Lyot stop which acts on the light within gaps in order to produce the uniform illumination in the Lyot plane. We show that for the diffraction limit regime and a perfect phasing this type of coronagraph achieves a sufficient star light extinction.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, SPIE conference 5905, 2005
Some Notes on the Financial Position of 15 Central-Western Wheat-Sheep Farms in 1946-47
Creators: name: Druce, P.C.
name: Druce, P.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1949
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The financial year which ended 30th June, 1947, was the fourth year in which a group of selected wheat growers kept complete records of their financial transactions in co-operation with, and in Record Books provided by, the Division of Marketing and Agricultural Economics. Reports covering the records kept in 1944-45 and 1945-46 have already been published in this "Review". The notes which follow deal primarily with the financial position of the fifteen farmers who kept records during 1946-47. However, some comparisons with earlier years are made.
Entanglement Entropy: Non-Gaussian States and Strong Coupling
Creators: name: Fernandez-Melgarejo, Jose J.
name: Molina-Vilaplana, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we provide a method to study the entanglement entropy for non-Gaussian states that minimize the energy functional of interacting quantum field theories at arbitrary coupling. To this end, we build a class of non-Gaussian variational trial wavefunctionals with the help of exact nonlinear canonical transformations. The calculability \emph{bonanza} shown by these variational \emph{ansatze} allows us to compute the entanglement entropy using the prescription for the ground state of free theories. In free theories, the entanglement entropy is determined by the two-point correlation functions. For the interacting case, we show that these two-point correlators can be replaced by their nonperturbatively corrected counterparts. Upon giving some general formulae for general interacting models we calculate the entanglement entropy of half space and compact regions for the $ϕ^4$ scalar field theory in 2D. Finally, we analyze the rôle played by higher order correlators in our results and show that strong subadditivity is satisfied.
description: V1: 23 pp, 3 figures. V2: 25 pp, 3 figures (typos fixed and comments added, to be published in JHEP)
Lensing rates of gravitational wave signals displaying beat patterns detectable by DECIGO and B-DECIGO
Creators: name: Hou, Shaoqi
name: Li, Pengbo
name: Yu, Hai
name: Biesiada, Marek
name: Fan, Xi-Long
name: Kawamura, Seiji
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coherent nature of gravitational wave emanating from a compact binary system makes it possible to detect some interference patterns in two (or more) signals registered simultaneously by the detector. Gravitational lensing effect can be used to bend trajectories of gravitational waves, which might reach the detector at the same time. Once this happens, a beat pattern may form, and can be used to obtain the luminosity distance of the source, the lens mass, and cosmological parameters such as the Hubble constant. Crucial question is how many such kind of events could be detected. In this work, we study this issue for the future space-borne detectors: DECIGO and its downscale version, B-DECIGO. It is found out that there can be a few tens to a few hundreds of lensed gravitational wave events with the beat pattern observed by DECIGO and B-DECIGO per year, depending on the evolution scenario leading to the formation of double compact objects. In particular, black hole-black hole binaries are dominating population of lensed sources in which beat patterns may reveal. However, DECIGO could also register a considerable amount of lensed signals from binary neutron stars, which might be accompanied by electromagnetic counterparts. Our results suggest that, in the future, lensed gravitational wave signal with the beat pattern could play an important role in cosmology and astrophysics.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Revised based on Referee's comments
Adoption of Transgenic Crops by Smallholder Farmers in Entre Rios, Argentina
Creators: name: Paredes, Cecilia
name: Martin, Marshall A.
name: Paredes, Cecilia
name: Martin, Marshall A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: transgenic crops
subject: technology adoption
subject: Bt corn
subject: Roundup Ready soybeans
subject: biotechnology
subject: Argentina
subject: smallholders

description: This is a study of the adoption of transgenic crops by 120 smallholder farmers interviewed in July 2005 in the communities of San Jose de Feliciano and La Paz in the Entre Rios Province of Argentina. Logistic regression results indicate that access to a planter is essential for smallholders to adopt Bt corn, while adopters of Roundup Ready soybeans have larger farms, access to credit, availability of all essential machinery, more years of schooling, and are primarily located in the La Paz community.
Layer reconstruction and missing link prediction of multilayer network with a Maximum A Posteriori estimation
Creators: name: Kuang, Junyao
name: Scoglio, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A multilayer network is composed of multiple layers, where different layers have the same set of vertices but represent different types of interactions. Nevertheless, some layers are interdependent or structurally similar in the multilayer network. In this paper, we present a maximum a posteriori estimation based model to reconstruct a specific layer in the multilayer network. The SimHash algorithm is used to compute the similarities between various layers. And the layers with similar structures are used to determine the parameters of the conjugate prior. With this model, we can also predict missing links and direct experiments for finding potential links. We test the method through two real multilayer networks, and the results show that the maximum a posteriori estimation is promising in reconstructing the layer of interest even with a large number of missing links.
Neptune Trojans as a Testbed for Planet Formation
Creators: name: Chiang, E. I.
name: Lithwick, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of accretion in the Trojan 1:1 resonance is akin to the standard problem of planet formation, transplanted from a star-centered disk to a disk centered on the Lagrange point. The newly discovered class of Neptune Trojans promises to test theories of planet formation by coagulation. Neptune Trojans resembling the prototype 2001 QR322 (``QR'')--whose radius of ~100 km is comparable to that of the largest Jupiter Trojan--may outnumber their Jovian counterparts by a factor of ~10. We discover that seeding the 1:1 resonance with debris from planetesimal collisions and having the seed particles accrete in situ naturally reproduces the inferred number of QR-sized Trojans. We analyze accretion in the Trojan sub-disk by applying the two-groups method, accounting for kinematics specific to the resonance. We find that a Trojan sub-disk comprising decimeter-sized seed particles and having a surface density 1e-3 that of the local minimum-mass disk produces ~10 QR-sized objects in ~1 Gyr, in accord with observation. Further growth is halted by collisional diffusion of seed particles out of resonance. In our picture, the number and sizes of the largest Neptune Trojans represent the unadulterated outcome of dispersion-dominated, oligarchic accretion. Large Neptune Trojans, perhaps the most newly accreted objects in our Solar System, may today have a dispersion in orbital inclination of less than ~10 degrees, despite the existence of niches of stability at higher inclinations. Such a vertically thin disk, born of a dynamically cold environment necessary for accretion, and raised in minimal contact with external perturbations, contrasts with the thick disks of other minor body belts.
description: Accepted to ApJ April 6, 2005
Global Competition for the Japanese Fruit Juice Market: A Uniform Substitute Demand Analysis
Creators: name: Feleke, Shiferaw T.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
name: Feleke, Shiferaw T.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Competitiveness
subject: Fruit juice
subject: Japan
subject: Relative price version

description: This study analyzes the competitiveness of countries exporting fruit juices into Japan through market structure analysis (MSA) within the context of the theory of consumer demand using the relative price version of the Rotterdam model and the block-wise dependent uniform substitute Rotterdam model. The models were estimated for six different types of fruit juices (orange, grapefruit, other citrus, apple, pineapple and grape juices imported from 18 countries) on monthly per capita data over the period December, 1995, to May, 2005, using the non-linear least squares (LSQ) in the Time Series Processor (TSP) program. Results indicate that the market structure underlying the competition for the Japanese fruit juice market is non-uniformly competitive, and most of the cross price elasticities are below one. Consequently, an exporter can't take market share from another exporter quickly through price reductions. Nonetheless, the United States and the Philippines appear to have a competitive advantage in the export of orange and pineapple juices, respectively. Brazil has the most to gain from an increase in the size of the Japanese fruit juice market. The demand for fruit juices imported into Japan is projected to increase at a decreasing rate over the next decade or so because of the absolute decline in population growth. The results of the study have important implications to countries exporting fruit juices to Japan for making marketing strategies such as price reduction, product differentiation as well as export supply plan.
Helical superconducting edge modes from pseudo-Landau levels in graphene
Creators: name: Sabsovich, Daniel
name: Bockrath, Marc W.
name: Shtengel, Kirill
name: Sela, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore Andreev states at the interface of graphene and a superconductor for a uniform pseudo-magnetic field. Near the zeroth-pseudo Landau level, we find a topological transition as a function of applied Zeeman field, at which a gapless helical mode appears. This 1D mode is protected from backscattering as long as intervalley- and spin-flip scattering are suppressed. We discuss a possible experimental platform to detect this gapless mode based on strained suspended membranes on a superconductor, in which dynamical strain causes charge pumping
description: 12 pages, 13 figures
Isolation and characterization of 5’ upstream regulatory region of survival motor neuron gene
Creators: name: He, Ming
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common autosomal recessive disorder characterized by loss or degeneration of lower motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to progressive symmetrical limb and trunk paralysis and muscular atrophy. The disease has been classified into three types and mapped to chromosome 5ql3. The telomeric survival motor neuron (SMNt) gene has been identified to be the SMA determining gene. The centromeric SMN (SMNc) may be related to the SMA phenotype. Five nucleotides differences between SMNt and SMNc do not affect the encoded protein. SMN proteins are distributed widely in all tissues with highest concentration in CNS and liver. Little is known about the regulatory mechanism of the SMN gene in cells. To identify the regulatory sequence elements for the expression of the SMN gene in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, we cloned a 3132 bp fragment of 5' upstream region of SMN gene isolated from the chromosome 5 library into the luciferase reporter gene system. Serial deletion constructs containing various lengths of 5-flanking region of SMN gene were transfected into both SY5Y and Vero cells. The results of the promoter activity assay showed that 1) The reporter gene could be expressed in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells; 2) 48 potential binding sites for transcription factors were localized in the region from -1530 to +34; 3) The region from -157 to +114 displayed the highest promoter activity while the lowest activity was shown in the region from - 28 to +114; 4) The 5' upstream region beyond - 899 showed lower promoter activity than that of more approximal region (-306 to +114); 5) The promoter was more active in the neuronal cells in general than that in the non-neuronal cells, especially when the region contained more upstream sequences. The above results suggested that the SMN gene might be well regulated by many potential transcription factors. A negative regulatory element might be located in the region between -899 to -306 and the region between -157 to +114 might be critical for the SMN gene expression.
The Fourth SM Family Neutrino at Future Linear Colliders
Creators: name: Ciftci, A. K.
name: Ciftci, R.
name: Sultansoy, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that Flavor Democracy favors the existence of the fourth standard model (SM) family. In order to give nonzero masses for the first three family fermions Flavor Democracy has to be slightly broken. A parametrization for democracy breaking, which gives the correct values for fundamental fermion masses and, at the same time, predicts quark and lepton CKM matrices in a good agreement with the experimental data, is proposed. The pair productions of the fourth SM family Dirac $(ν_{4})$ and Majorana $(N_{1})$ neutrinos at future linear colliders with $\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV, 1 TeV and 3 TeV are considered. The cross section for the process $e^{+}e^{-}\toν_{4}\bar {ν_{4}}(N_{1}N_{1})$ and the branching ratios for possible decay modes of the both neutrinos are determined. The decays of the fourth family neutrinos into muon channels $(ν_{4}(N_{1})\toμ^{\pm}W^{\mp})$ provide cleanest signature at $e^{+}e^{-}$ colliders. Meanwhile, in our parametrization this channel is dominant. $W$ bosons produced in decays of the fourth family neutrinos will be seen in detector as either di-jets or isolated leptons. As an example we consider the production of 200 GeV mass fourth family neutrinos at $\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV linear colliders by taking into account di-muon plus four-jet events as signatures.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, 10 tables
Factors Affecting Increases in Economic Literacy among High School Students
Creators: name: Wendt, Minh
name: West, James
name: Parliament, Claudia
name: Wendt, Minh
name: West, James
name: Parliament, Claudia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/27/07.
Updated constraints on massive neutrino self-interactions from cosmology in light of the $H_0$ tension
Creators: name: Choudhury, Shouvik Roy
name: Hannestad, Steen
name: Tram, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have updated the constraints on flavour universal neutrino self-interactions mediated by a heavy scalar, in the effective 4-fermion interaction limit. We use the relaxation time approximation to modify the collisional neutrino Boltzmann equations, which is known to be very accurate for this particular scenario. Based on the latest CMB data from the Planck 2018 data release as well as auxiliary data we confirm the presence of a region in parameter space with relatively strong self-interactions which provides a better than naively expected fit. However, we also find that the most recent data, in particular high-$\ell$ polarisation data from the Planck 2018 release, disfavours this solution even though it cannot yet be excluded. Our analysis takes into account finite neutrino masses (parameterised in terms of $\sum m_ν$) and allows for a varying neutrino energy density (parameterised in terms of $N_{\rm eff}$), and we find that in all cases the neutrino mass bound inferred from cosmological data is robust against the presence of neutrino self-interactions. Finally, we also find that the strong neutrino self-interactions do not lead to a high value of $H_0$ being preferred, i.e.\ this model is not a viable solution to the current $H_0$ discrepancy.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Formation of Gaps in Self-Gravitating Debris Disks by Secular Resonance in a Single-planet System I: A Simplified Model
Creators: name: Sefilian, Antranik A.
name: Rafikov, Roman R.
name: Wyatt, Mark C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatially resolved images of debris disks frequently reveal complex morphologies such as gaps, spirals, and warps. Most existing models for explaining such morphologies focus on the role of massive perturbers (i.e. planets, stellar companions), ignoring the gravitational effects of the disk itself. Here we investigate the secular interaction between an eccentric planet and a massive, external debris disk using a simple analytical model. Our framework accounts for both the gravitational coupling between the disk and the planet, as well as the disk self-gravity -- with the limitation that it ignores the non-axisymmetric component of the disk (self-)gravity. We find generally that even when the disk is less massive than the planet, the system may feature secular resonances within the disk (contrary to what may be naively expected), where planetesimal eccentricities get significantly excited. Given this outcome we propose that double-ringed debris disks, such as those around HD 107146 and HD 92945, could be the result of secular resonances with a yet-undetected planet interior to the disk. We characterize the dependence of the properties of the secular resonances (i.e. locations, timescales, and widths) on the planet and disk parameters, finding that the mechanism is robust provided the disk is massive enough. As an example, we apply our results to HD 107146 and find that this mechanism readily produces $\sim 20$ au wide non-axisymmetric gaps. Our results may be used to set constraints on the total mass of double-ringed debris disks. We demonstrate this for HD 206893, for which we infer a disk mass of $\approx 170$ Earth masses by considering perturbations from the known brown dwarf companion.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ: 25 Pages, 13 Figures, 1 Table, 3 Animations (see Ancillary files)
Impact of International Trade on Income and Income Inequality
Creators: name: Aradhyula, Satheesh V.
name: Rahman, Tauhidur
name: Seenivasan, Kumaran
name: Aradhyula, Satheesh V.
name: Rahman, Tauhidur
name: Seenivasan, Kumaran
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The impact of international trade on the level and distribution of income has been the field of focus in international economics. There have been empirical studies supporting and opposing trade openness but most of the studies drew the results from cross sectional data. In this study, we use panel data to investigate the trade's impact on levels and distribution of income. Analysis of a balanced panel of country level data revealed that trade openness increases income. Results using an unbalanced panel data set revealed that trade openness increases income inequality in the overall sample but when we split the sample in to two groups, trade increases inequality in developing countries but it reduces inequality in developed countries though the coefficient is not statistically significant.
Beneficial Perturbation Network for designing general adaptive artificial intelligence systems
Creators: name: Wen, Shixian
name: Rios, Amanda
name: Ge, Yunhao
name: Itti, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The human brain is the gold standard of adaptive learning. It not only can learn and benefit from experience, but also can adapt to new situations. In contrast, deep neural networks only learn one sophisticated but fixed mapping from inputs to outputs. This limits their applicability to more dynamic situations, where input to output mapping may change with different contexts. A salient example is continual learning - learning new independent tasks sequentially without forgetting previous tasks. Continual learning of multiple tasks in artificial neural networks using gradient descent leads to catastrophic forgetting, whereby a previously learned mapping of an old task is erased when learning new mappings for new tasks. Here, we propose a new biologically plausible type of deep neural network with extra, out-of-network, task-dependent biasing units to accommodate these dynamic situations. This allows, for the first time, a single network to learn potentially unlimited parallel input to output mappings, and to switch on the fly between them at runtime. Biasing units are programmed by leveraging beneficial perturbations (opposite to well-known adversarial perturbations) for each task. Beneficial perturbations for a given task bias the network toward that task, essentially switching the network into a different mode to process that task. This largely eliminates catastrophic interference between tasks. Our approach is memory-efficient and parameter-efficient, can accommodate many tasks, and achieves state-of-the-art performance across different tasks and domains.
description: Accepted at IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems Keyword: Adaptive artificial intelligence system , Switch modes , Beneficial perturbations , Continual learning , Adversarial examples
A classical key distribution system based on Johnson (like) noise - How secure?
Creators: name: Scheuer, Jacob
name: Yariv, Amnon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive analysis of the Johnson (like) noise based classical key-distribution scheme presented by Kish [1]. We suggest two passive attack strategies that enable an adversary to gain complete knowledge of the exchanged key. The first approach exploits the transient response of the voltage difference on the transmission line after the resistors are switched and the second one exploits the finite impedance of the wire connecting the two parties.
description: Submitted to phys. lett. A minor typos corrected
Effects of DM and KSEA interactions on entanglement, Fisher and Wigner-Yanase information correlations of two XYZ-Heisenberg-qubit states under a magnetic field
Creators: name: Gaidi, S.
name: Slaoui, A.
name: Mohamed, A-B. A.
name: Falaki, M. EL
name: Laamara, R. Ahl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ entanglement negativity, local quantum uncertainty (LQU), and local quantum Fisher information (LQFI) to characterize thermal entanglement between two XYZ-Heisenberg-qubit states under the influence of Dzyaloshinsky Moriya (DM) and Kaplan Shekhtman Entin Wohlman Aharony (KSEA) interactions, as well as a magnetic field and thermal equilibrium temperature. A comparative examination reveals similar behaviors among these correlation measures. For the antiferromagnetic scenario, we observe that increasing the DM interaction parameter Dz enhances thermal entanglement. Conversely, in the ferromagnetic case, the behavior of thermal entanglement differs with varying Dz. Additionally, employing Kraus operators, we explore the performance of these quantifiers under decoherence. Notably, LQFI exhibits greater robustness than negativity and LQU, even displaying a frozen phenomenon at some time under dephasing effects.
$T\bar{T}$-like Flows in Non-linear Electrodynamic Theories and S-duality
Creators: name: Babaei-Aghbolagh, H.
name: Velni, Komeil Babaei
name: Yekta, Davood Mahdavian
name: Mohammadzadeh, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the $T\bar{T}$-like flows for non-linear electrodynamic theories in $D(=\!\!2n)$-dimensional spacetime. Our analysis is restricted to the deformation problem of the classical free action by employing the proposed $T\bar{T}$ operator from a simple integration technique. We show that this flow equation is compatible with $T\bar{T}$ deformation of a scalar field theory in $D\!=\!2$ and of a non-linear Born-Infeld type theory in $D\!=\!4$ dimensions. However, our computation discloses that this kind of $T\bar{T}$ flow in higher dimensions is essentially different from deformation that has been derived from the AdS/CFT interpretations. Indeed, the gravity that may be exist as a holographic dual theory of this kind of effective Born-Infeld action is not necessarily an AdS space. As an illustrative investigation in $D\!=\!4$, we shall also show that our construction for the $T\bar{T}$ operator preserves the original $SL(2,R)$ symmetry of a non-supersymmetric Born-Infeld theory, as well as $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric model. It is shown that the corresponding $SL(2,R)$ invariant action fixes the relationship between the $T\bar{T}$ operator and quadratic form of the energy-momentum tensor in $D\!=\!4$.
description: 24 pages, Minor corrections and new references, Accepted for publication in JHEP
Search for $π^0$ decays to invisible particles
Creators: name: NA62 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS reports a study of a sample of $4 \times10^{9}$ tagged $π^0$ mesons from $K^+ \to π^+ π^0 (γ)$, searching for the decay of the $π^0$ to invisible particles. No signal is observed in excess of the expected background fluctuations. An upper limit of $4.4 \times10^{-9}$ is set on the branching ratio at 90% confidence level, improving on previous results by a factor of 60. This result can also be interpreted as a model-independent upper limit on the branching ratio for the decay $K^+ \to π^+ X$, where $X$ is a particle escaping detection with mass in the range 0.110-0.155 GeV$/c^2$ and rest lifetime greater than 100 ps. Model-dependent upper limits are obtained assuming $X$ to be an axion-like particle with dominant fermion couplings or a dark scalar mixing with the Standard Model Higgs boson.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, to be submitted to JHEP
Orbitronics: the Intrinsic Orbital Hall Effect in p-Doped Silicon
Creators: name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
name: Hughes, Taylor L.
name: Zhang, Shou-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin Hall effect depends crucially on the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling of the energy band. Because of the smaller spin-orbit coupling in silicon, the spin Hall effect is expected to be much reduced. We show that the electric field in p-doped silicon can induce a dissipationless orbital current in a fashion reminiscent of the spin Hall effect. The vertex correction due to impurity scattering vanishes and the effect is therefore robust against disorder. The orbital Hall effect can lead to the accumulation of local orbital momentum at the edge of the sample, and can be detected by the Kerr effect.
description: 4 pages
The Growth and Direction of the Biodiesel Industry in the United States
Creators: name: Paulson, Nicholas D.
name: Ginder, Roger G.
name: Paulson, Nicholas D.
name: Ginder, Roger G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: biodiesel
subject: biofuels
subject: feedstock
subject: production costs
subject: return on investment

description: The biodiesel industry in the United States has realized significant growth over the past decade through large increases in annual production and production capacity and a transition from smaller batch plants to larger-scale continuous producers. The larger, continuous-flow plants provide operating cost advantages over the smaller batch plants through their ability to capture co-products and reuse certain components in the production process. This paper uses a simple capital budgeting model developed by the authors along with production data supplied by industry sources to estimate production costs, return-on-investment levels, and break-even conditions for two common plant sizes (30 and 60 million gallon annual capacities) over a range of biodiesel and feedstock price levels. The analysis shows that the larger plant realizes returns to scale in both labor and capital costs, enabling the larger plant to pay up to $0.015 more per pound for the feedstock to achieve equivalent return levels as the smaller plant under the same conditions. The paper contributes to the growing literature on the biodiesel industry by using the most current conversion rates for the production technology and current price levels to estimate biodiesel production costs and potential plant performance, providing a useful follow-up to previous studies.
Are Standards Always Protectionist?
Creators: name: Marette, Stephan
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Marette, Stephan
name: Beghin, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: externality
subject: nontariff barriers
subject: protectionism
subject: safety
subject: standard
subject: tariff equivalent

description: We analyze the effects of a domestic standard that reduces an externality associated with the consumption of the good targeted by the standard, using a model in which foreign and domestic producers compete in the domestic good market. Producers can reduce expected damage associated with the externality by incurring a cost that varies by source of origin. Despite potential protectionism, the standard is useful in correcting the consumption externality in the domestic country. Protectionism occurs when the welfare-maximizing domestic standard is higher than the international standard maximizing welfare inclusive of foreign profits. The standard is actually anti-protectionist when foreign producers are much more efficient at addressing the externality than are domestic producers. Possible exclusion of domestic or foreign producers arises with large standards, which may alter the classification of a standard as protectionist or non-protectionist. The paper provides important implications for the estimation and use of tariff equivalents of nontariff barriers.
Legendre pairs of lengths $\ell \equiv 0$ (mod $3$)
Creators: name: Kotsireas, Ilias
name: Koutschan, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a proposition that connects constant-PAF sequences and the corresponding Legendre pairs with integer PSD values. We show how to determine explicitly the complete spectrum of the $(\ell/3)$-rd value of the discrete Fourier transform for Legendre pairs of lengths $\ell \equiv 0 \, (\mod 3)$. This is accomplished by two new algorithms based on number-theoretic arguments. As an application, we prove that Legendre pairs of the open lengths 117, 129, 133, and 147 exist by finding Legendre pairs of these lengths with a multiplier group of order at least 3. As a consequence, 85, 87, 115, 145, 159, 161, 169, 175, 177, 185, 187, 195 are the twelve integers in the range < 200 for which the question of existence of Legendre pairs remains unsolved.