cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING SOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPING THE SPIRITUAL OUTLOOK OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN HARMONY WITH PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN THE ERA OF DIGITIZATION
Creators: name: Mamatkulova, Mukhlisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The article "Improving Socio-Pedagogical Mechanisms of Developing the Spiritual Outlook of Women and Girls in Harmony with Professional Education in the Era of Digitization" explores the integration of spiritual development with professional education to create a balanced and holistic approach to learning in the digital age. The discussion highlights the importance of spiritual growth in fostering values, ethics, and resilience, essential for personal and professional success. It also examines the evolving demands of professional education in the digital era, emphasizing digital literacy, critical thinking, and adaptability. The article provides practical strategies for educators to incorporate ethical and spiritual considerations into their curricula, ensuring that women and girls are equipped with the inner resources needed to thrive in a rapidly changing world.
Relationship between herkogamy, incompatibility and reciprocity with pollen–ovule ratios in Melochia (Malvaceae)
Creators: name: M. Faife-Cabrera
name: V. Ferrero
name: L. Navarro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Heterostyly is a floral polymorphism that increases pollination efficiency by promoting cross-pollination and reducing pollen wastage. Efficiency in pollination has been related to plant investment in gamete production and to the pollen to ovule ratio (P/O), which has been proposed as an indication of the likelihood of enough pollen grains reaching the stigmas to result in maximum reproductive success. In heterostylous species, cross-pollination is promoted by the reciprocal position of sexual organs between morphs and a heteromorphic incompatibility system, which precludes selfing and fertilizations among plants of the same morph. Morphological features like reciprocity (between morphs) and herkogamy (within morph) together with the breeding system are thought to influence pollination quality. Therefore, a close relationship between the pollination efficiency, morphological characteristics, and incompatibility would be expected. Pollination treatments and morphological measurements were carried out to describe the breeding system, herkogamy, and reciprocity of six Melochia species. Afterward, the relation between the P/O (as a surrogate of the efficiency in pollination), and reciprocity, herkogamy and incompatibility was evaluated. Monomorphic M. nodiflora and distylous M. pyramidata are self-compatible species, whereas the rest of the species are self- and morph-incompatible. There was a positive relationship between the P/O value and the degree of herkogamy and incompatibility. However, P/O values appear to increase when higher reciprocity is found in the populations. As expected, the lower values of P/O are associated with lower levels of herkogamy and compatibility in the Melochia species studied. The relationship between the factors is discussed under different scenarios of the pollinators’ predictability.
Spatial risk assessment of opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan: integrating environmental and socio-economic drivers
Creators: name: Kienberger, Stefan
name: Spiekermann, Raphael
name: Tiede, Dirk
name: Zeiler, Irmgard
name: Bussink, Coen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Recently the cultivation of opium poppy in Afghanistan reached unprecedented levels. It is agreed that the complex and coupled interactions of social, economic and environmental drivers are crucial for understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan. In this context, we present an integrated risk concept, which considers environmental and socio-economic drivers of opium poppy cultivation. A set of spatially explicit indicators for the environmental suitability and socio-economic vulnerability was established and populated from a variety of databases. Subsequently, novel methods of modelling homogeneous and spatially explicit regions of opium poppy cultivation suitability, socio-economic vulnerability and risk are developed and applied. The risk assessment results demonstrate the complex nature of the illicit crops production in Afghanistan and prompt a more profound examination of the drivers of opium poppy cultivation in a spatial context. The study also confirms what has already been widely discussed in literature: that reasons for cultivation are spatially diverse and often distinct, meaning that any formulation of generalized explanations cannot be drawn without ignoring a more complex reality. Thus, an integrative spatial view of risk, which integrates the social dimension as well as environmental parameters, is required to better identify context-specific intervention measures.
The MICE facility – a new tool to study plant–soil C cycling with a holistic approach
Creators: name: Studer, Mirjam S.
name: Künzli, Roland
name: Maier, Reto
name: Schmidt, Michael W. I.
name: Siegwolf, Rolf T. W.
name: Woodhatch, Ivan
name: Abiven, Samuel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Plant–soil interactions are recognized to play a crucial role in the ecosystem response to climate change. We developed a facility to disentangle the complex interactions behind the plant–soil C feedback mechanisms. The MICE (‘Multi-Isotope labelling in a Controlled Environment’) facility consists of two climate chambers with independent control of the atmospheric conditions (light, CO2, temperature, humidity) and the soil environment (temperature, moisture). Each chamber holds 15 plant–soil systems with hermetical separation of the shared above ground (shoots) from the individual belowground compartments (roots, rhizosphere, soil). Stable isotopes (e.g. 13C, 15N, 2H, 18O) can be added to either compartment and traced within the whole system. The soil CO2 efflux rate is monitored, and plant material, leached soil water and gas samples are taken frequently. The facility is a powerful tool to improve our mechanistic understanding of plant–soil interactions that drive the C cycle feedback to climate change.
UMUMTA'LIM MAKTABLARIDA BADIIY TA'LIM BERISHDA TASVIRIY SAN'ATNING OʻRNI
Creators: name: Xamroqulova, Muqaddam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Maqolada qisqa muddatli ranglavhalar ishlash bo‘yicha asosiy amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan, mazkur yo‘nalishda qo‘llaniladigan individual metodlarning xususiyatlari tushuntirilgan.
Why did distinct types of dual-earner models in Czech, Slovak and East German societies1 develop and persist?
Creators: name: Hašková, Hana
name: Klenner, Christina
Publisher: name: Journal of Family Research
Year: 2010

description: We examine pre-1989 and post-1989 work-care models in Czech, Slovak and East German societies. Inspired by the institutionalist approach, we develop a framework that allows to analyze how, when and why two distinct work-care models evolved and persisted in the region. Once problems of the modernized gender model emerged, Czechoslovak and East German governments set the two countries on two distinct work-care policy paths. Consequently, fundamental differences in work-care practices and work-care related values and norms emerged between the two countries. Based on an examination of the institutional and cultural legacy, we explain why the transition from totalitarian to democratic regimes was accompanied by continuity in work-care models rather than radical departures from the previous models. In contrast to traditional institutionalist studies we point out that more recent institutional changes in the sphere of work-care policies in Czech, Slovak and East German societies did not occur as a consequence of the 1989 revolutionary period, but rather evolved in a period of relative stability. Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchen Arrangements der Aufteilung von Erwerbsarbeit und Kinderbetreuung in Tschechien, der Slowakei und Ostdeutschland, vor und nach 1989. Basierend auf dem institutionalistischen Ansatz untersuchen wir, wie, wann und weshalb sich zwei unterschiedliche Arrangements in dieser Region entwickelt und durchgesetzt haben. Als die Konflikte des modernisierten Gender-Modells offenkundig wurden, schlugen die politischen Entscheidungsträger in der Tschechoslowakei und der DDR verschiedene Pfade ein, um Erwerbsarbeit und Kinderbetreuung in Einklang zu bringen. Infolgedessen entstanden zwischen den Ländern grundlegende Unterschiede in der Kombination von Erwerbsarbeit und Kinderbetreuung und in den damit verbundenen Werten und Normen. Wir erklären ausgehend von der Analyse des institutionellen und kulturellen Erbes dieser Länder, weshalb der Übergang von einem totalitären zu einem demokratischen Gesellschaftstypus mit einem hohen Maß an Kontinuität in den Arrangements der Kombination von Erwerbsarbeit und Kinderbetreuung einherging. Ein zentrales Ergebnis unserer Untersuchung ist, dass neuere Änderungen der institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen der Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie in Tschechien, der Slowakei und in Ostdeutschland nicht auf die massiven Umwälzungen im Zuge des Mauerfalles zurückgehen, sondern in einer Phase relativer Stabilität stattfanden.
description: Journal of Family Research, Vol 22 No 3 (2010): Gender relations in Central and Eastern Europe – Change or continuity?
Smectic A mesophases from luminescent sandic platinum(II) mesogens
Creators: name: Markrete Krikorian
name: Constantin-Christian A. Voll
name: Yoon, Maryam
name: Koushik Venkatesan
name: Kouwer, Paul H. J.
name: Swager, Timothy M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Square planar platinum(II) thienyl pyridyl complexes with board-shaped structures assemble into lamellar (SmA) liquid crystal phases at elevated temperatures. Liquid crystals of this type are expected to have stronger biaxial correlations than typical calamitic mesogens. The mesophase stability improves with decreasing alkyl chain lengths with C8H17 having the widest range of stability. All complexes are luminescent in solution.
Back to the kitchen? Gender role attitudes in 13 East European countries
Creators: name: Fodor, Éva
name: Balogh, Anikó
Publisher: name: Journal of Family Research
Year: 2010

description: This paper explores the determinants of gender role opinions in 13 post-communist Eastern European societies using survey data from the project EUREQUAL. Our main findings consist of two parts. First, contrary to the expectations of scholars who emphasize the lack of gender/feminist consciousness in Eastern Europe, we argue that gender indeed is an important determinant of gender role opinions in post-communist societies: as elsewhere women express more liberal attitudes than men. Second, we argue that the interaction of other determinants of gender role opinions with gender also follows patterns described in the literature for more developed capitalist countries. In this respect, therefore, East European countries seem to fit the general trends of gender role opinion formation. As explanation we point to a connection between women’s material conditions and their gender role attitudes, not denying the importance of cultural difference – if primarily as exception – to this process. Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel untersucht, auf Basis von Umfragedaten des EUREQUAL-Projektes, die Determinanten von Einstellungen zu Geschlechterrollen in 13 postkommunistischen osteuropäischen Gesellschaften. Unsere Hauptergebnisse bestehen aus zwei Teilen. Erstens: Wir legen dar, dass – entgegen den Erwartungen von Wissenschaftler(inne)n, die das Fehlen eines Gender- oder feministischen Bewusstseins betonen – dass Gender in postkommunistischen Gesellschaften tatsächlich eine wichtige Determinante der Meinungen über die Geschlechterrollen ist: Wie auch anderswo bringen Frauen liberalere Einstellungen als Männer zum Ausdruck. Zweitens: Wir argumentieren, dass die Interaktion anderer Determinanten der Meinungen zu den Geschlechterrollen mit Gender gleichfalls den Mustern folgt, die in der Literatur im Bezug auf weiter entwickelte kapitalistische Gesellschaften beschrieben werden. In dieser Hinsicht scheinen die osteuropäischen Gesellschaften sich den allgemeinen Trends der Herausbildung von Meinungen zu den Geschlechterrollen anzugleichen. Zur Erklärung verweisen wir auf den Zusammenhang zwischen den materiellen Lebensbedingungen von Frauen und ihren Einstellungen zu den Geschlechterrollen, ohne jedoch die Bedeutsamkeit kultureller Unterschiede – wenn sie auch eher Ausnahmen sind – abzustreiten.
description: Journal of Family Research, Vol 22 No 3 (2010): Gender relations in Central and Eastern Europe – Change or continuity?
Arthrobacter Tree
Creators: name: Coil, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A phylogenetic tree showing Arthrobacter sp UCD-GKA in context with related sequenced downloaded from the Ribosomal Database Project. The tree was inferred using FastTree.
Pairing from repulsion in a two-dimensional Fermi gas with soft-core interactions
Creators: name: Keles, Ahmet
name: Li, Xiaopeng
name: Zhao, Erhai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a model many-body system of spinless Fermi gas in two dimensions, where the bare two-body interaction is repulsive and takes the form of a soft-core disk potential. We obtain the zero temperature phase diagram of this model by numerical functional renormalization group (FRG), which retains the effective interaction vertices in all channels to provide a detailed picture of how Cooper pairing emerges under the renormalization flow. The repulsion drives the system to a series of superfluid states with higher angular momentum paring, for example in the $f$- and $h$-wave channels instead of the $p$-wave channel. This is in sharp contrast to the original Kohn-Luttinger mechanism where pairing of very large angular momenta and exponentially small transition temperature was predicted. We trace the stabilization and enhancement of $f$- and $h$-wave pairing back to the momentum dependence of the bare interaction. A perturbative calculation is carried out to show that while the second order Kohn-Luttinger diagrams provide a qualitative understanding of the onsets of the various superfluid phases, they are unable to accurately capture the phase boundaries predicted by FRG. Our findings suggest that tuning the shape of the interaction potential offers a promising route to achieve stronger ``pairing glue" and to realize nontrivial superfluid phases in repulsive Fermi gases beyond the scope of the original Kohn-Luttinger analysis.
description: Published version, with updated title, abstract, and introduction
Localization, fractality, and ergodicity in a monitored qubit
Creators: name: Pöpperl, Paul
name: Gornyi, Igor V.
name: Saakian, David B.
name: Yevtushenko, Oleg M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the statistical properties of a single two-level system (qubit) subject to repetitive ancilla-based measurements. This setup is a fundamental minimal model for exploring the intricate interplay between the unitary dynamics of the system and the nonunitary stochasticity introduced by quantum measurements, which is central to the phenomenon of measurement-induced phase transitions. We demonstrate that this "toy model" harbors remarkably rich dynamics, manifesting in the distribution function of the qubit's quantum states in the long-time limit. We uncover a compelling analogy with the phenomenon of Anderson localization, albeit governed by distinct underlying mechanisms. Specifically, the state distribution function of the monitored qubit, parameterized by a single angle on the Bloch sphere, exhibits diverse types of behavior familiar from the theory of Anderson transitions, spanning from complete localization to almost uniform delocalization, with fractality occurring between the two limits. By combining analytical solutions for various special cases with two complementary numerical approaches, we achieve a comprehensive understanding of the structure delineating the "phase diagram" of the model. We categorize and quantify the emergent regimes and identify two distinct phases of the monitored qubit: ergodic and nonergodic. Furthermore, we identify a genuinely localized phase within the nonergodic phase, where the state distribution functions consist of delta peaks, as opposed to the delocalized phase characterized by extended distributions. Identification of these phases and demonstration of transitions between them in a monitored qubit are our main findings.
description: 49 pages, 23 figures. Comments welcome
Kinetic Modeling Analysis of Ar Addition to Atmospheric Pressure N2-H2 Plasma for Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Synthesis of NH3
Creators: name: Lin, Zihan
name: Abe, Shota
name: Chen, Zhe
name: Jaiswal, Surabhi
name: Koel, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zero-dimensional kinetic modeling of atmospheric pressure Ar-N2-H2 nonthermal plasma was carried out to gain mechanistic insights into ammonia formation during plasma-assisted catalysis of ammonia synthesis. The kinetic model was developed for a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) quartz wool-packed bed reactor operating at near room temperature using a kHz-frequency plasma source. With 30% Ar mixed in a 1:1 N2-H2 plasma at 760 Torr, we find that NH3 production is dominated by Eley-Rideal (E-R) surface reactions, which heavily involve surface NHx species derived from N and H radicals in the gas phase, while the influence of excited N2 molecules is negligible. This is contrary to the commonly proposed mechanism that excited N2 molecules created by Penning excitation of N2 by Ar (4s) and Ar(4p) plays a significant role in assisting NH3 formation. Our model shows that the enhanced NH3 formation upon Ar dilution is unlikely due to the interactions between Ar and H species, as excited Ar atoms have a weak effect on H radical formation through H2 dissociation compared to electrons. We find that excited Ar atoms contribute to 28% of the N radical production in the gas phase via N2 dissociation, while the rest is dominated by electron-impact dissociation. Furthermore, Ar species play a negligible role in the product NH3 dissociation. N2 conversion sensitivity analyses were carried out for electron density (ne) and reduced electric field (E/N), and contributions from Ar to gas-phase N radical production were quantified. The model can provide guidance on potential reasons for observing enhanced NH3 formation upon Ar dilution in N2-H2 plasmas beyond changes to the discharge characteristics.
description: 5 figures, 3 tables
UV Fe II emission model of HE 0413-4031 and its relation to broad-line time delays
Creators: name: Zajaček, Michal
name: Panda, Swayamtrupta
name: Pandey, Ashwani
name: Prince, Raj
name: Rodríguez-Ardila, Alberto
name: Jaiswal, Vikram
name: Czerny, Bożena
name: Hryniewicz, Krzysztof
name: Urbanowicz, Maciej
name: Trzcionkowski, Piotr
name: Śniegowska, Marzena
name: Fałkowska, Zuzanna
name: Martínez-Aldama, Mary Loli
name: Werner, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fe II emission is a well-known contributor to the UV spectra of active galactic nuclei and the modeling of this part may affect the results obtained for the MgII$\lambda2800$ emission, which is one of the lines used for black hole mass measurements and cosmological applications. We use the 11-year monitoring of the selected quasar HE 0413-4031 with the South African Large Telescope (SALT) and we supplement this monitoring with the near-IR spectrum taken with the SOAR telescope. A new redshift determination ($z=1.39117 \pm 0.00017$) using [OIII]$λλ4959,5007$ gave a very different value than the previous determination based only on the UV FeII pseudocontinuum ($z=1.3764$). It favors a different decomposition of the spectrum into Mg II and UV Fe II emissions. The line characteristics and the time delay of the Mg II emission ($224^{+21}_{-23}$ days) are not significantly affected. However, in comparison with the previous analysis, the rest-frame UV FeII time delay ($251^{+9}_{-7}$ days) is consistent with the inferred UV FeII line FWHM of $4200\,{\rm km/s}$ that is only slightly smaller than the MgII line FWHM. Hence the FeII-emitting material is more distant than the MgII-emitting gas in HE 0413-4031 by $\sim 0.023$ pc (4700 AU). The inferred velocity shift of both Mg II and UV Fe II lines with respect to the systemic redshift is now rather low, below 300 km s$^{-1}$. In addition, we construct an updated MgII radius-luminosity ($R-L$) relation from 194 sources, which is more than double the previous sample. The MgII $R-L$ relation is flatter than the UV FeII, optical FeII, and H$β$ $R-L$ relations. While the new decomposition of the spectrum is satisfactory, we see a need to create better Fe II templates using the newest version of the code CLOUDY.
description: 19 pages, 12+8 Figures, 5+1 Tables (Main Text+Appendix); accepted by A&A; minor corrections applied
Loading atoms from a large magnetic trap to a small intra-cavity dipole trap
Creators: name: Varga, D.
name: Gábor, B.
name: Sárközi, B.
name: Adwaith, K. V.
name: Nagy, D.
name: Dombi, A.
name: Clark, T. W.
name: Williams, F. I. B.
name: Domokos, P.
name: Vukics, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that an optimized loading of a cold ensemble of rubidium-87 atoms from a magnetic trap into an optical dipole trap sustained by a single, far-red-detuned mode of a high-Q optical cavity can be efficient despite the large volume mismatch of the traps. The magnetically trapped atoms are magnetically transported to the vicinity of the cavity mode and released from the magnetic trap in a controlled way meanwhile undergoing an evaporation period. Large number of atoms get trapped in the dipole potential for several hundreds of milliseconds. We monitor the number of atoms in the mode volume by a second tone of the cavity close to the atomic resonance. While this probe tone can pump atoms to another ground state uncoupled to the probe, we demonstrate state-independent trapping by applying a repumper laser.
HalluciDet: Hallucinating RGB Modality for Person Detection Through Privileged Information
Creators: name: Medeiros, Heitor Rapela
name: Pena, Fidel A. Guerrero
name: Aminbeidokhti, Masih
name: Dubail, Thomas
name: Granger, Eric
name: Pedersoli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A powerful way to adapt a visual recognition model to a new domain is through image translation. However, common image translation approaches only focus on generating data from the same distribution as the target domain. Given a cross-modal application, such as pedestrian detection from aerial images, with a considerable shift in data distribution between infrared (IR) to visible (RGB) images, a translation focused on generation might lead to poor performance as the loss focuses on irrelevant details for the task. In this paper, we propose HalluciDet, an IR-RGB image translation model for object detection. Instead of focusing on reconstructing the original image on the IR modality, it seeks to reduce the detection loss of an RGB detector, and therefore avoids the need to access RGB data. This model produces a new image representation that enhances objects of interest in the scene and greatly improves detection performance. We empirically compare our approach against state-of-the-art methods for image translation and for fine-tuning on IR, and show that our HalluciDet improves detection accuracy in most cases by exploiting the privileged information encoded in a pre-trained RGB detector. Code: https://github.com/heitorrapela/HalluciDet
description: IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) 2024
University of Otago Open Access Publishing Survey Results
Creators: name: White, Richard
name: Remy, Melanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Survey Results

description: University of Otago researchers’ attitudes towards and practices in Open Access publishing - a report on a 2015 survey. The findings are presented in this report, which includes an Executive Summary and Recommendations.
Giant Modulation of Refractive Index from Picoscale Atomic Displacements
Creators: name: Zhao, Boyang
name: Ren, Guodong
name: Mei, Hongyan
name: Wu, Vincent C.
name: Singh, Shantanu
name: Jung, Gwan-Yeong
name: Chen, Huandong
name: Giovine, Raynald
name: Niu, Shanyuan
name: Thind, Arashdeep S.
name: Salman, Jad
name: Settineri, Nick S.
name: Chakoumakos, Bryan C.
name: Manley, Michael E.
name: Hermann, Raphael P.
name: Lupini, Andrew R.
name: Chi, Miaofang
name: Hachtel, Jordan A.
name: Simonov, Arkadiy
name: Teat, Simon J.
name: Clément, Raphaële J.
name: Kats, Mikhail A.
name: Ravichandran, J.
name: Mishra, Rohan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structural disorder has been shown to enhance and modulate magnetic, electrical, dipolar, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of materials. However, the possibility of obtaining novel optical and optoelectronic properties from structural disorder remains an open question. Here, we show unambiguous evidence of disorder in the form of anisotropic, picoscale atomic displacements modulating the refractive index tensor and resulting in the giant optical anisotropy observed in BaTiS$_3$, a quasi-one-dimensional hexagonal chalcogenide. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal the presence of antipolar displacements of Ti atoms within adjacent TiS$_6$ chains along the c-axis, and three-fold degenerate Ti displacements in the a-b plane. $^{47/49}$Ti solid-state NMR provides additional evidence for those Ti displacements in the form of a three-horned NMR lineshape resulting from a low symmetry local environment around Ti atoms. We used scanning transmission electron microscopy to directly observe the globally disordered Ti a-b plane displacements and find them to be ordered locally over a few unit cells. First-principles calculations show that the Ti a-b plane displacements selectively reduce the refractive index along the ab-plane, while having minimal impact on the refractive index along the chain direction, thus resulting in a giant enhancement in the optical anisotropy. By showing a strong connection between structural disorder with picoscale displacements and the optical response in BaTiS$_3$, this study opens a pathway for designing optical materials with high refractive index and functionalities such as large optical anisotropy and nonlinearity.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures
Impact of choices for center-of-mass correction energy on the surface energy of Skyrme energy density functionals
Creators: name: Da Costa, Philippe
name: Bennaceur, Karim
name: Meyer, Jacques
name: Ryssens, Wouter
name: Bender, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of nuclear energy density functional (EDF) methods, many nuclear phenomena can be related to the deformation of intrinsic states. Their accurate modeling relies on the correct description of the change of nuclear binding energy with deformation. The two most important contributions to the deformation energy have their origin in shell effects and the surface energy coefficient of nuclear matter.
 In a first step, we build nine series of parametrizations with a systematically varied surface-energy coefficient a_surf for three frequently-used options for the CM correction (none, one-body term only, full one-body and two-body contributions) combined with three values for the isoscalar effective mass m^*_0/m (0.7, 0.8, 0.85) and analyse how well each of these parametrizations can be adjusted to the properties of spherical nuclei and infinite nuclear matter. In a second step, we performed additional fits without the constraint on surface energy, adding one ``best-fit" parametrization to each of the nine series. We then benchmark these parametrizations to the deformation properties of heavy nuclei by means of three-dimensional Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations that allow for non-axial and/or non-reflection symmetric configurations.
 We perform a detailed correlation analysis between surface and volume properties of nuclear matter using the nine series of parametrizations. The best fits out of each series are then benchmarked on the fission barriers of Pu240 and Hg180, as well as on the properties of deformed states at normal and superdeformation for actinides and nuclei in the neutron-deficient Hg region.
 (see paper for full abstract)
description: 37 pages, incorporates the modifications made for the published version. Note that the title of the paper has changed
Surface ferromagnetism in rhombohedral heptalayer graphene moire superlattice
Creators: name: Zhou, Wenqiang
name: Ding, Jing
name: Hua, Jiannan
name: Zhang, Le
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Zhu, Wei
name: Xu, Shuigang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological electronic structure of crystalline materials often gives rise to intriguing surface states, such as Dirac surface states in topological insulators, Fermi arc surface states in Dirac semimetals, and topological superconductivity in iron-based superconductors. Recently, rhombohedral multilayer graphene has emerged as a promising platform for exploring exotic surface states due to its hosting of topologically protected surface flat bands at low energy, with the layer-dependent energy dispersion. These flat bands can promote electron correlations, leading to a plethora of quantum phenomena, including spontaneous symmetry breaking, superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and topological Chern insulators. Nevertheless, the intricate connection between the surface flat bands in rhombohedral multilayer graphene and the highly dispersive high-energy bands hinders the exploration of correlated surface states. Here, we present a method to isolate the surface flat bands of rhombohedral heptalayer (7L) graphene by introducing moire superlattices. The pronounced screening effects observed in the moire potential-modulated rhombohedral 7L graphene indicate its essential three-dimensional (3D) nature. The isolated surface flat bands favor correlated states on the surface in the regions away from charge-neutrality points. Most notably, we observe tunable surface ferromagnetism, manifested as an anomalous Hall effect with hysteresis loops, which is achieved by polarizing surface states using finite displacement fields. Our work establishes rhombohedral multilayer graphene moire superlattice as a unique 3D system for exploring correlated surface states.
Addenda Antiquaria: Two stone axe-hammers from Silecroft - An interesting layer at King Arthur's Round Table - Trial trenching at Bewcastle - The Roman fort at Moresby: a postscript - Some Roman place-names in Cumbria - Guasmoric, i.e. Palmcastre - Wade: an additional note - The family of Wyberg of Clifton - The Dalston family: a correction Calgarth Hall: an appendix.
Creators: name: Anon,
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2017

description: Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society, 49, 213-223
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Industry
Creators: name: Liang, Ci-Jyun
name: Le, Thai-Hoa
name: Ham, Youngjib
name: Mantha, Bharadwaj R. K.
name: Cheng, Marvin H.
name: Lin, Jacob J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics research and implementation emerged in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry to positively impact project efficiency and effectiveness concerns such as safety, productivity, and quality. This shift, however, warrants the need for ethical considerations of AI and robotics adoption due to its potential negative impacts on aspects such as job security, safety, and privacy. Nevertheless, this did not receive sufficient attention, particularly within the academic community. This research systematically reviews AI and robotics research through the lens of ethics in the AEC community for the past five years. It identifies nine key ethical issues namely job loss, data privacy, data security, data transparency, decision-making conflict, acceptance and trust, reliability and safety, fear of surveillance, and liability, by summarizing existing literature and filtering it further based on its AEC relevance. Furthermore, thirteen research topics along the process were identified based on existing AEC studies that had direct relevance to the theme of ethics in general and their parallels are further discussed. Finally, the current challenges and knowledge gaps are discussed and seven specific future research directions are recommended. This study not only signifies more stakeholder awareness of this important topic but also provides imminent steps towards safer and more efficient realization.
description: 109 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Automation in Construction
Fifty years in home computing, the digital computer and its private use(er)s
Creators: name: Höltgen, Stefan
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Homecomputer
subject: computer history
subject: video games
subject: hacking
subject: BASIC
subject: 004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: The following chapter will discuss the relation between home computer history and computer programming – with a focus on game programming. The nurseries of the early 1980s are the origins of the later computer game industry and the private use of microcomputers becomes an essential part of the ‘playful’ exploration and emancipation of technology. This is why the contribution that home computing added to the history of digital economics, culture and even thought cannot be estimated high enough. After the definition of central terms and discussing the main problems of the historiography of technology and computing, the main topic separated in decades will be portrayed. The milestones of home computer technology will be linked to the scenes and (sub)cultures of their users. Some of these links will be highlighted. My presentation will not be exhaustive but will try to highlight some of the playful uses of computers – from the perspective of this technology.
title: Journal of Family Research, Vol 22 No 3 (2010): Gender relations in Central and Eastern Europe – Change or continuity?
title: Gender relations in Central and Eastern Europe – Change or continuity?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Journal Of Family Research
Publisher: name: Journal of Family Research
Year: 2010

description: Editorial...p. 260 Introduction to the special issue: Gender relations in Central and Eastern Europe – Change or continuity?...p.261-265 Why did distinct types of dual-earner models in Czech, Slovak and East German societies1 develop and persist?...p. 266-288 Back to the kitchen? Gender role attitudes in 13 East European countries...p. 289-307 The role of job-related spatial mobility in the household division of labor within couples in Germany and Poland...p. 308-330 Employment around first birth in two adverse institutional settings: Evidence from Italy and Poland...p. 331-349 Wenn Männer Väter werden – Über die Auswirkungen der Vaterschaft auf Freizeit, Lebenszufriedenheit und familiäre Beziehungen...p. 350-369
Dipole-Spread Function Engineering for 6D Super-Resolution Microscopy
Creators: name: Wu, Tingting
name: Lew, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Fluorescent molecules are versatile nanoscale emitters that enable detailed observations of biophysical processes with nanoscale resolution. Because they are well-approximated as electric dipoles, imaging systems can be designed to visualize their 3D positions and 3D orientations, so-called dipole-spread function (DSF) engineering, for 6D super-resolution single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy (SMOLM). We review fundamental image-formation theory for fluorescent di-poles, as well as how phase and polarization modulation can be used to change the image of a dipole emitter produced by a microscope, called its DSF. We describe several methods for designing these modulations for optimum performance, as well as compare recently developed techniques, including the double-helix, tetrapod, crescent, and DeepSTORM3D learned point-spread functions (PSFs), in addition to the tri-spot, vortex, pixOL, raPol, CHIDO, and MVR DSFs. We also cover common imaging system designs and techniques for implementing engineered DSFs. Finally, we discuss recent biological applications of 6D SMOLM and future challenges for pushing the capabilities and utility of the technology.
description: This is a preprint of the following chapter: Tingting Wu and Matthew D. Lew, Dipole-Spread Function Engineering for 6D Super-Resolution Microscopy, published in Coded optical imaging, edited by Jinyang Lang, 2023, Springer Nature reproduced with permission of Springer Nature
Elevated temperature effects (T > 100 °C) on the interfacial water and microstructure swelling of Na-montmorillonite
Creators: name: Chen, Wei Qiang
name: Sedighi, Majid
name: Curvalle, Florent
name: Jivkov, Andrey P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Montmorillonite-based barriers are key elements of the engineered barrier systems (EBS) in geological disposal facilities (GDF). Their performance at temperatures above 100 °C is not sufficiently understood to assess the possibility of raising the temperature limits in GDF designs that could reduce construction costs and CO2 footprint. The present work provides new fundamental insights through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of Na-montmorillonite's water-clay interactions and swelling pressure at temperatures 298-500 K and basal spacings of 1.5-3.5 nm. At temperatures above 100 °C, the swelling behaviour is governed by the attractive van der Waals force and the repulsive hydration force instead of the repulsive electrostatic (double layer) force. The swelling pressure reduction with increasing temperature is related to the weakened hydration repulsion and electric double layer repulsion, which result from the deterioration of the interlayer water layer structure and the shrinkage of the electric double layer. The applicability and breakdown of the classic Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory at elevated temperatures are examined. By excluding the osmotic contribution in the DLVO theory, the summation of the van der Waals interaction in DLVO and an additional non-DLVO hydration interaction can predict our MD system's swelling under high temperatures. The findings of this study provide a fundamental understanding of the swelling behaviour and the underlying molecular-level mechanisms of the clay microstructure under extreme conditions.
description: 50 pages, 16 figures
TASEP Exit Times
Creators: name: Dorignac, Jérôme
name: Geniet, Fred
name: Pitard, Estelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the question of the time needed by $N$ particles, initially located on the first sites of a finite 1D lattice of size $L$, to exit that lattice when they move according to a TASEP transport model. Using analytical calculations and numerical simulations, we show that when $N \ll L$, the mean exit time of the particles is asymptotically given by $T_N(L) \sim L+β_N \sqrt{L}$ for large lattices. Building upon exact results obtained for 2 particles, we devise an approximate continuous space and time description of the random motion of the particles that provides an analytical recursive relation for the coefficients $β_N$. The results are shown to be in very good agreement with numerical results. This approach sheds some light on the exit dynamics of $N$ particles in the regime where $N$ is finite while the lattice size $L\rightarrow \infty$. This complements previous asymptotic results obtained by Johansson in \cite{Johansson2000} in the limit where both $N$ and $L$ tend to infinity while keeping the particle density $N/L$ finite.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Generalised Gaussian states in group field theory and $\mathfrak{su(1,1)}$ quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Calcinari, Andrea
name: Gielen, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define generalised Gaussian states for quantum cosmological models based on the $\mathfrak{su(1,1)}$ algebra, with particular emphasis on its realisation in group field theory for a single field mode, and study their semiclassical properties. These states are generalisations of coherent, squeezed and thermal states considered previously. As two possible characterisations of semiclassicality, we contrast the requirement of small relative fluctuations in volume and energy with the saturation of the Robertson--Schrödinger uncertainty principle. We find that for the most general class of states the appearance of small relative fluctuations, which we take as the main criterion relevant for the emergence of cosmology, is mostly determined by the amount of displacement used to define the state. We also observe that defining such generalised Gaussian states is less straightforward in the algebraic approach to canonical quantisation of group field theory, and discuss special cases.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures; v2: title, abstract and other minor changes to match published version
Interplay of inert doublet and vector-like lepton triplet with displaced vertices at the LHC/FCC and MATHUSLA
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Priyotosh
name: Frank, Mariana
name: Parashar, Snehashis
name: Sen, Chandrima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interaction between the inert Higgs doublet (IDM) dark matter and a vector-like $SU(2)$ triplet lepton (VLL), both of which are $Z_2$-odd. The vector current of the VLL with the $Z$-boson rules out a fermionic or two-component dark matter scenario. However, a compressed mass spectrum and a sufficiently small Yukawa coupling allows co-annihilation and late decay of the VLL into the IDM sector, affecting the relic density of the pseudoscalar dark matter. The same two factors enable displaced decay of the VLL states, providing novel signatures involving hadronically quiet displaced multi-lepton final states. Such signatures to probe the model are studied at the 14 and 27 TeV LHC, as well as the 100 TeV FCC-hh. In addition to being detectable at the CMS/ATLAS experiments, if the new particles have sub-100 GeV masses, signals can also be seen at the proposed MATHUSLA detector.
description: 45 pages, 14 figures, 9 tables
Performance-based funding in higher education: an international survey
Creators: name: Jongbloed, Ben
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This paper presents overview of government policies for funding higher education in eleven OECD countries. In particular, it describes the mechanisms for funding the university sector and the extent to which the grants to universities are oriented on performance. Are universities funded on the basis of what they produce in terms of graduates and research outputs? And what is the share of public funding supplied through research councils? While in recent decades the attention paid to issues of efficiency, effectiveness and quality has increased, there are only few governments that explicitly link the universities' resources to the universities' results in the areas of teaching and research. This is illustrated by means of a graph. A number of tentative reasons for the popularity of enrolments-based funding approaches are presented in the final section of this paper.
A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the 12th annual CHER conference in Oslo, Norway, 17-19 June 1999. Comments of the participants in this conference and some valuable remarks made by Jonathan Boston (VUW, New Zealand) are greatly appreciated. Financial support for finalising this paper was received from the Netherlands School of Government (NIG).