cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CONSTRAINING FLOW PROPERTIES OF SANDSTONES AND DOLOSTONES THROUGH X -RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Creators: name: Mitchell, Nolan
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2019

description: Water-rock interactions in porous underground formations can impact the effectiveness of energy technologies ranging from natural gas extraction to geologic CO2 storage and geothermal energy production. Numerical simulators known as Reactive Transport Models (RTMs) have been developed to predict the effects of these interactions on the flow and transport properties of subsurface energy reservoirs, but these models have been historically plagued by the inability to quantify the pore scale properties, such as porosity, mineral surface area, and permeability, that impact the evolution of reservoir-scale flow and transport properties during energy extraction operations. In this PURE summer research project, I will use previously-acquired, three-dimensional, high-resolution X–ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) images from the Advanced Photon Source (Chicago, USA) to constrain the pore-scale flow properties of a suite of sedimentary rock samples, including sandstones and dolostones. The 3D image data will be analyzed using the recently-acquired Pergeos software package and accompanying high-performance Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-outfitted workstation in the RTG laboratory to determine and constrain porosity, permeability, and mineral surface areas in the sedimentary rock samples. This novel, important data set will provide inputs to pore-scale RTMs of the samples, which will, in turn, permit the effective prediction of the evolution of pore-scale flow properties of these important rock types.
A Hierarchical Model of Web Summaries
Creators: name: Petinot, Yves
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Thadani, Kapil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: We investigate the relevance of hierarchical topic models to represent the content of Web gists. We focus our attention on DMOZ, a popular Web directory, and propose two algorithms to infer such a model from its manually-curated hierarchy of categories. Our ﬁrst approach, based on information-theoretic grounds, uses an algorithm similar to recursive feature selection. Our second approach is fully Bayesian and derived from the more general model, hierarchical LDA. We evaluate the performance of both models against a ﬂat 1-gram baseline and show improvements in terms of perplexity over held-out data.
Using word class for part-of-speech disambiguation
Creators: name: Radev, Dragomir R.
name: Tzoukermann, Evelyne
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: This paper presents a methodology for improving part-of-speech disambiguation using word classes. We build on earlier work for tagging French where we showed that statistical estimates can be computed without lexical probabilities. We investigate new directions for coming up with different kinds of probabilities based on paradigms of tags for given words. We base estimates not on the words, but on the set of tags associated with a word. We compute frequencies of unigrams, bigrams, and trigrams of word classes in order to further refine the disambiguation. This new approach gives a more efficient representation of the data in order to disambiguate word part-of-speech. We show empirical results to support our claim. We demonstrate that, besides providing good estimates for disambiguation, word classes solve some of the problems caused by sparse training data. We describe a part-of-speech tagger built on these principles and we suggest a methodology for developing an adequate training corpus.
Medium-induced parton splitting kernels from Soft Collinear Effective Theory with Glauber gluons
Creators: name: Ovanesyan, Grigory
name: Vitev, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the splitting kernels for partons produced in large $Q^2$ scattering processes that subsequently traverse a region of strongly-interacting matter using a recently-developed effective theory \SCETG. We include all corrections beyond the small-$x$ approximation, consistent with the power counting of \SCETG. We demonstrate how medium recoil, geometry and expansion scenarios, and phase space cuts can be implemented numerically for phenomenological applications. For the simplified case of infinite transverse momentum kinematics and a uniform medium, we provide closed-form analytic results that can be used to validate the numerical simulations.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
A description of the CIDR system as used for TDT-2
Creators: name: Radev, Dragomir R.
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Hatzivassiloglou, Vasileios
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: We describe several experimental parameters and a parallelization technique used in our online document clustering system, CIDR. These modifications were introduced into CIDR to reduce the running time so that incoming documents be clustered in almost real time. We discuss how several of these parameters are justified on linguistic grounds and report preliminary quantitative results on the effects that these parameters have on speed and accuracy.
Contested Commemoration: Alberta Educators' Experiences Teaching Controversial Monuments in Social Studies Classrooms
Creators: name: Gobran, Jessica
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2019
Subjects: monuments
commemoration
Alberta
controversy
John A. Macdonald

description: Historical monuments currently occupy a controversial place in countries across the world. However, despite the important role of social studies educators in this debate, at this time there is a limited number of studies that explore the teaching methods these educators use in their classrooms to make sense of and engage with controversies surrounding memorialization. To address these gaps, this project sought insights into the following research questions: 1) How (if at all) do social studies teachers in Alberta address contentious debates around the memorialization of controversial historical figures in their classrooms? 2) To what extent have they experienced emotional reactions when engaging these topics with their students, and how have they addressed this in their practice?
THE PLOT OF FIRST LOVE IN THE NOVELS "ASYA" BY I.S. TURGENEV AND "OLESYA" BY A.I. KUPRIN
Creators: name: Mavlyanova Leylo 1st Year Student Of The Faculty Of Russian Language And Literature Jizzakh State Pedagogical University Named After A. Kadyri, Uzbekistan Scientific Supervisor Isaeva Yuliya Pavlovna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The article is devoted to the consideration of the theme of the first love of Asya and Olesya - heroines of the eponymous novels by I.S. Turgenev and A.I. Kuprin.

Key words: Turgenev, Kuprin, Asya, Olesya, Mr. N.N, Ivan Timofeevich, first love, separation, "Turgenev's girls".
Sampling theorems and compressive sensing on the sphere
Creators: name: McEwen, J. D.
name: Puy, G.
name: Thiran, J. -Ph.
name: Vandergheynst, P.
name: Van De Ville, D.
name: Wiaux, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a novel sampling theorem on the sphere developed by McEwen & Wiaux recently through an association between the sphere and the torus. To represent a band-limited signal exactly, this new sampling theorem requires less than half the number of samples of other equiangular sampling theorems on the sphere, such as the canonical Driscoll & Healy sampling theorem. A reduction in the number of samples required to represent a band-limited signal on the sphere has important implications for compressive sensing, both in terms of the dimensionality and sparsity of signals. We illustrate the impact of this property with an inpainting problem on the sphere, where we show superior reconstruction performance when adopting the new sampling theorem.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of Wavelets and Sparsity XIV, SPIE Optics and Photonics 2011
Archaeological Ecology in the Mayan City of Yaxnohcah
Creators: name: Dowler, Jada
Publisher: name: Anthropology & Archaelogy
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Maya
subject: Mexico
subject: Yucatan
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Yaxnohcah is a Maya archaeological site situated in the lowlands of the Yucatan peninsula and estimated to have been occupied from 900 BCE to 800 CE. While occupied, the people of Yaxnohcah cleared nearly 36km 2 of forest for complexes and agriculture, making it one of the largest centres in the Maya area. Blocks of 50m by 10m were set up around the site and every tree within the block was recorded (species, height, diameter, etc). The location of the trees and block will be uploaded into a GIS software and analysed to see if there are correlation between the plant communities and previous ancient modifications. This report does not include final results.
Tagging French Without Lexical Probabilities - Combining Linguistic Knowledge And Statistical Learning
Creators: name: Radev, Dragomir R.
name: Tzoukermann, Evelyne
name: Gale, William A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: This paper explores morpho-syntactic ambiguities for French to develop a strategy for part-of-speech disambiguation that a) reflects the complexity of French as an inflected language, b) optimizes the estimation of probabilities, c) allows the user flexibility in choosing a tagset. The problem in extracting lexical probabilities from a limited training corpus is that the statistical model may not necessarily represent the use of a particular word in a particular context. In a highly morphologically inflected language, this argument is particularly serious since a word can be tagged with a large number of parts of speech.
Synthesis of 1) DAP Core Anion Detectors and 2) Halogenated Cyanine Dyes
Creators: name: Ross, Mathew
Publisher: name: Chemistry
Year: 2019
Subjects: Synthesis
Chemistry
Diazapyrine
Cyanine Dye
Materials

description: Throughout the summer research term the project was split into two synthesis-based projects. One focused on the synthesis of diazapyrine core anion detectors and the other focused on the synthesis of ortho- and para-substituted methyl-benzimidazole cyanine dyes. This report is purely synthesis-based, however, this research lays a foundation support for further synthesis and characterization studies for future.
Identifying Justifications in Written Dialogs
Creators: name: Rambow, Owen
name: Biran, Or
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Computer science

description: Abstract—In written dialog, discourse participants need to justify claims they make, to convince the reader the claim is true and/or relevant to the discourse. This paper presents a new task (with an associated corpus), namely detecting such justifications. We investigate the nature of such justifications, and observe that the justifications themselves often contain discourse structure. We therefore develop a method to detect the existence of certain types of discourse relations, which helps us classify whether a segment is a justification or not. Our task is novel, and our work is novel in that it uses a large set of connectives (which we call indicators), and in that it uses a large set of discourse relations,
without choosing among them.
Programming a Micro-controller To Use a RF Module
Creators: name: Rasuli Arasi, Maral
Publisher: name: Electrical and Computer Engineering
Year: 2019
Subjects: Micro-controller
RF Module
Programming

description: The purpose of this project was to design and implement a wireless data communication system with the minimum latency (<1ms) and maximum throughput (500kbps). This system is going to be used in a Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system for Electrical Vehicle (EV) Battery-Charging. It acts like a wireless feedback from EV battery voltage and current, that is why they need very-low latency communication.
Microalgae Preconcentration by Sedimentation and by Addition of Montmorillonite Clay Coagulant
Creators: name: Murray, Elizabeth Therese
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algal biofuels
subject: Microalgae--Industrial applications
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: Chemistry, Organic
subject: Renewable energy sources

description: There is great interest in the use of microalgae as a feedstock for biofuels, potentially allowing for the development of a sustainable fuel source to replace existing use of petroleum-based fuels. While microalgae is easily grown, it is energy intensive to harvest because it grows at concentrations as low as 0.01%. Centrifugation can concentrate the microalgae to a useable 10-15%, but has a high energy cost. “Preconcentration” methods, particularly gravity sedimentation with or without the addition of a coagulant, are promising as they may achieve a microalgae concentration of 2-3% at a lower cost. The combination of preconcentration methods with centrifugation may bring the energy cost down enough to make the production process economically viable. Here, the efficiency (percent of microalgae that is removed from the water) of a microalgae sedimentation tank was tested at flow rates of 50-680 mL/minute, along with the microalgae concentration that each flow rate produced. In a separate jar test, montmorillonite clay was added to aid in coagulation of the microalgae by neutralizing the negative surface charge of the individual particles. Findings show that increasing the sedimentation flow rate decreases the efficiency but increases the concentration of microalgae produced. Additionally, an optimal coagulant dosage of 150 mg/L was established for montmorillonite clay.
Modeling of Intermediate Structures and Chain Conformation in Silica-Latex Nanocomposites Observed by SANS During Annealing
Creators: name: Genix, Anne-Caroline
name: TATOU, Mouna
name: Imaz, Ainara
name: Forcada, Jacqueline
name: Schweins, Ralph
name: Grillo, Isabelle
name: Oberdisse, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of the polymer structure during nanocomposite formation and annealing of silica-latex nanocomposites is studied using contrast-variation small angle neutron scattering. The experimental system is made of silica nanoparticles (Rsi \approx 8 nm) and a mixture of purpose-synthesized hydrogenated and deuterated nanolatex (Rlatex \approx 12.5 nm). The progressive disappearance of the latex beads by chain interdiffusion and release in the nanocomposites is analyzed quantitatively with a model for the scattered intensity of hairy latex beads and an RPA description of the free chains. In silica-free matrices and nanocomposites of low silica content (7%v), the annealing procedure over weeks at up to Tg + 85 K results in a molecular dispersion of chains, the radius of gyration of which is reported. At higher silica content (20%v), chain interdiffusion seems to be slowed down on time-scales of weeks, reaching a molecular dispersion only at the strongest annealing. Chain radii of gyration are found to be unaffected by the presence of the silica filler.
Tunable quantum spin Hall effect in double quantum wells
Creators: name: Michetti, Paolo
name: Budich, Jan C.
name: Novik, Elena G.
name: Recher, Patrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of topological insulators (TIs) is rapidly growing. Concerning possible applications, the search for materials with an easily controllable TI phase is a key issue. The quantum spin Hall effect, characterized by a single pair of helical edge modes protected by time-reversal symmetry, has been demonstrated in HgTe-based quantum wells (QWs) with an inverted bandgap. We analyze the topological properties of a generically coupled HgTe-based double QW (DQW) and show how in such a system a TI phase can be driven by an inter-layer bias voltage, even when the individual layers are non-inverted. We argue, that this system allows for similar (layer-)pseudospin based physics as in bilayer graphene but with the crucial absence of a valley degeneracy.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, extended version (accepted Phys. Rev. B)
Anisotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe from nonlinear massive gravity
Creators: name: Gumrukcuoglu, A. Emir
name: Lin, Chunshan
name: Mukohyama, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the scope of the nonlinear massive gravity, we study fixed points of evolution equations for a Bianchi type--I universe. We find a new attractor solution with non-vanishing anisotropy, on which the physical metric is isotropic but the Stuckelberg configuration is anisotropic. As a result, at the background level, the solution describes a homogeneous and isotropic universe, while a statistical anisotropy is expected from perturbations, suppressed by smallness of the graviton mass.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, REVTeX4; V2 with minor revison, and to appear on PLB
The phi-meson production from small to large systems
Creators: name: Mitrankov, Iurii
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: icnfp21
phenix
small systems
φ
strange
energy loss
p+p
p+al
p+au
d+au
3he+au
raa
nuclear
modification
cu+au
u+u
flow

description: Talk presented at the International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP) 2021
Expression of TbpAB hybrid proteins for a broadly cross-protective vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae
Creators: name: Lee, Stephen
Publisher: name: Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases
Year: 2019

description: Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative human pathogen found in the upper respiratory and genitourinary tracts. H. influenzae contains two groups: typeable and non-typeable strains (Ulanova & Tsang, 2009). Typeable strains have an antigenic polysaccharide capsulewhile non-typeable strains lack this feature. H. influenzae is iron-fastidious, using a two-receptor system to acquire iron from the human protein transferrin(hTf)(Schryvers, 1988). Transferrin binding protein B (TbpB) binds hTf in the extracellular environment and passes hTf to transferrin binding protein A (TbpB). TbpAmoves the iron into the periplasm. In this system, TbpA is the only essential receptor (Anderson, Sparling, & Cornelissen, 1994; Cornelissen et al., 1992). Here, we show strong expression of single-loop TbpAB hybridproteins observed through small-scale tests of recombinant genes in a custom vector. We alsoshow that the TbpAB hybrid proteins are stable in H. influenzae, indicating they make good candidates for large-scale expression and immunization experiments.
Exploring Mothers’ Experiences and Perceptions of Alberta FICare©™ Compared to Standard Care
Creators: name: Dien, Rachael
Publisher: name: Nursing
Year: 2019

description: Background: Alberta’s preterm (<37 weeks gestation) birth rate is consistently among the highest of the Canadian provinces. The majority of preterm infants require care in a level II Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). NICUs are highly-technological critical care environments that can be overwhelming for parents during an already stressful time. Alberta FICare©™ is a theoretically-driven, psychoeducational model of care that provides detailed strategies and practical tools to integrate parents in the care of their infant in the NICU from time of admission. The components of Alberta FICare©™ are: 1) Relational Communication, 2) Parent Education, and 3) Parent Support. Parental experiences of FICare have not been evaluated. Objective: The objective of this qualitative sub-study was to explore mothers’ experiences of FICare compared to standard care using data from the Alberta FICare©™ cluster randomized controlled trial. Method: Mothers from FICare (n=13) and standard care (n=13) sites participated in semi-structured interviews. A subset (n=7 FICare; n=5 standard care) of transcripts were coded and analyzed using the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin. Results: Preliminary analysis revealed the process of “Getting Home”. In the FICare group this was facilitated by parent integration in bedside rounds (BSR), experiential learning, formal and informal supports, and feeling self-efficacious in providing infant care. In contrast, parent integration in BSR and self-efficacy did not emerge as strongly in the standard care group, and mothers spoke about a lack of tangible supports and the challenges of the NICU environment. Mothers from both groups talked about the challenges to continuity and consistency of care, but those in the FICare group also highlighted communication and information-sharing that takes place in parent-healthcare provider interactions. Conclusion: This sub-study increase our understanding of mothers’ experiences of Alberta FICare©™ and may inform enhancements to family-centred care practices in level II NICUs.
Designing a speech corpus for instancebased spoken language generation
Creators: name: Pan, Shimei
name: Weng, Wubin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: In spoken language applications such as conversation systems where not only the speech waveforms but also the content of the speech (the text) need to be generated automatically, a Concept-to-Speech (CTS) system is needed. In this paper, we address several issues on designing a speech corpus to facilitate an instance-based integrated CTS framework. Both the instance-based CTS generation approach and the corpus design process have not been addressed systematically in previous researches.
On the interplay of direct and indirect CP violation in the charm sector
Creators: name: Gersabeck, Marco
name: Alexander, Michael
name: Borghi, Silvia
name: Gligorov, Vladimir V
name: Parkes, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charm mixing and CP violation observables are examined in the light of the recently reported evidence from LHCb for CP violation in the charm sector. If the result is confirmed as being due to direct CP violation at the 1% level, its effect will need to be taken into account in the interpretation of CP violation observables. The contributions of direct and indirect CP violation to the decay rate asymmetry difference DeltaACP and the ratios of effective lifetimes AGamma and yCP are considered here. Terms relevant to the interpretation of future high precision measurements which have been neglected in previous literature are identified.
description: accepted for publication in J. Phys. G
Anti-Vaccine Messages on Facebook: A preliminary audit
Creators: name: Dhaliwal, Dhamanpreet
name: Mannion, Cynthia A.
Publisher: name: Nursing
Year: 2019
Subjects: Anti-vaccine, vaccine, vaccine injury, anti-vax

description: The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified vaccine hesitancy as one of the top ten threats to global health(WHO, 2019). Social media has fuelled the anti-vaccine movement. Facebook is the largest social media platform counting over 2 billion active monthly users (Statista, 2019). It has been identified as a key disseminator of misinformation surrounding the anti-vaccine campaign by the New York Times 2019 and there have been serious efforts to reduce misinformation on the social media site by lowering ranking of groups and pages making false claims. Social media administrators have been urged to remove these pages and groups altogether, however counterarguments cite violation of human rights to access to uncensored information. This paper exposes some messages of the anti-vaccine movement online and how individuals perceive vaccination through posted comments. We consider that individuals’ responses to anti-vaccination preclude inaction to vaccinate. Lack of vaccination places the public at risk and decreases public health efforts to curb measles, polio, and outbreaks of influenza (flu).
Word informativeness and automatic pitch accent modeling
Creators: name: Pan, Shimei
name: McKeown, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: In intonational phonology and speech synthesis research, it has been suggested that the relative informativeness of a word can be used to predict pitch prominence. The more information conveyed by a word, the more likely it will be accented. But there are others who express doubts about such a correlation. In this paper, we provide some empirical evidence to support the existence of such a correlation by employing two widely accepted measures of informativeness. Our experiments show that there is a positive correlation between the informativeness of a word and its pitch accent assignment. They also show that informativeness enables statistically significant improvements in pitch accent prediction. The computation of word informativeness is inexpensive and can be incorporated into speech synthesis systems easily.
A Web Aggregation Approach for Distributed Randomized PageRank Algorithms
Creators: name: Ishii, Hideaki
name: Tempo, Roberto
name: Bai, Er-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The PageRank algorithm employed at Google assigns a measure of importance to each web page for rankings in search results. In our recent papers, we have proposed a distributed randomized approach for this algorithm, where web pages are treated as agents computing their own PageRank by communicating with linked pages. This paper builds upon this approach to reduce the computation and communication loads for the algorithms. In particular, we develop a method to systematically aggregate the web pages into groups by exploiting the sparsity inherent in the web. For each group, an aggregated PageRank value is computed, which can then be distributed among the group members. We provide a distributed update scheme for the aggregated PageRank along with an analysis on its convergence properties. The method is especially motivated by results on singular perturbation techniques for large-scale Markov chains and multi-agent consensus.
description: To appear in the IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2012
Adaptive Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer
Creators: name: Harjai, Nabhya
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2019
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence
Head and Neck Cancer

description: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide with 350 000 deaths reported annually (1). Radiotherapy is one of the most common treatment modalities for head and neck cancer patients. Although head and neck cancer (HNC) survival is steadily increasing, the close proximity of tumor volumes to organs at risk (OARs) makes radiotherapy planning and delivery challenging for these patients. We hypothesize it will not only further reduce the incidence of treatment-related toxicities and improve post-treatment quality of life of patients with cancer but also improve the allocation of essential clinical resources.
Quantum control of hybrid nuclear-electronic qubits
Creators: name: Morley, Gavin W.
name: Lueders, Petra
name: Mohammady, M. Hamed
name: Balian, Setrak J.
name: Aeppli, Gabriel
name: Kay, Christopher W. M.
name: Witzel, Wayne M.
name: Jeschke, Gunnar
name: Monteiro, Tania S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsed magnetic resonance is a wide-reaching technology allowing the quantum state of electronic and nuclear spins to be controlled on the timescale of nanoseconds and microseconds respectively. The time required to flip either dilute electronic or nuclear spins is orders of magnitude shorter than their decoherence times, leading to several schemes for quantum information processing with spin qubits. We investigate instead the novel regime where the eigenstates approximate 50:50 superpositions of the electronic and nuclear spin states forming "hybrid nuclear-electronic" qubits. Here we demonstrate quantum control of these states for the first time, using bismuth-doped silicon, in just 32 ns: this is orders of magnitude faster than previous experiments where pure nuclear states were used. The coherence times of our states are five orders of magnitude longer, reaching 4 ms, and are limited by the naturally-occurring 29Si nuclear spin impurities. There is quantitative agreement between our experiments and no-free-parameter analytical theory for the resonance positions, as well as their relative intensities and relative Rabi oscillation frequencies. In experiments where the slow manipulation of some of the qubits is the rate limiting step, quantum computations would benefit from faster operation in the hybrid regime.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, new data and simulations
The Translation of Trauma: Trauma and Language Acquisition in the ELL Classroom
Creators: name: Tighe, Caitlin
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2019

description: Consequently, focused on the practice of teachers, this research project endeavored to look closely at trauma informed practice (TIP) in schools and those methods and strategies teachers use when working with trauma inflicted youth who are English Language Learners (ELLs). Uncovering the effectiveness of these strategies and the successes and challenges teachers encounter in working with this unique group of students was among the objectives of this research. In undertaking this work, this research aimed at articulating effective pedagogical practices that Alberta educators can adopt when utilizing TIP with ELL students and what barriers prevent these practices from being universally integrated. The specific research questions that guided this study were as follows: What challenges mitigate the teaching and learning of refugee students? What are the intersections between traumatic experience and language acquisition? And, what practices are teachers using to navigate trauma, learning and language acquisition?
The Two-Component Camassa-Holm Equations CH(2,1) and CH(2,2): First-Order Integrating Factors and Conservation Laws
Creators: name: Euler, Marianna
name: Euler, Norbert
name: Wolf, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q35, 76B15

description: Recently, Holm and Ivanov, proposed and studied a class of multi-component generalisations of the Camassa-Holm equations [D D Holm and R I Ivanov, Multi-component generalizations of the CH equation: geometrical aspects, peakons and numerical examples, J. Phys A: Math. Theor. 43, 492001 (20pp), 2010]. We consider two of those systems, denoted by Holm and Ivanov by CH(2,1) and CH(2,2), and report a class of integrating factors and its corresponding conservation laws for these two systems. In particular, we obtain the complete sent of first-order integrating factors for the systems in Cauchy-Kovalevskaya form and evaluate the corresponding sets of conservation laws for CH(2,1) and CH(2,2).
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics, Supplement, Vol. 19, 2012
Resolution of the stochastic strategy spatial prisoner's dilemma by means of particle swarm optimization
Creators: name: Zhang, Jianlei
name: Zhang, Chunyan
name: Chu, Tianguang
name: Perc, Matjaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study the evolution of cooperation among selfish individuals in the stochastic strategy spatial prisoner's dilemma game. We equip players with the particle swarm optimization technique, and find that it may lead to highly cooperative states even if the temptations to defect are strong. The concept of particle swarm optimization was originally introduced within a simple model of social dynamics that can describe the formation of a swarm, i.e., analogous to a swarm of bees searching for a food source. Essentially, particle swarm optimization foresees changes in the velocity profile of each player, such that the best locations are targeted and eventually occupied. In our case, each player keeps track of the highest payoff attained within a local topological neighborhood and its individual highest payoff. Thus, players make use of their own memory that keeps score of the most profitable strategy in previous actions, as well as use of the knowledge gained by the swarm as a whole, to find the best available strategy for themselves and the society. Following extensive simulations of this setup, we find a significant increase in the level of cooperation for a wide range of parameters, and also a full resolution of the prisoner's dilemma. We also demonstrate extreme efficiency of the optimization algorithm when dealing with environments that strongly favor the proliferation of defection, which in turn suggests that swarming could be an important phenomenon by means of which cooperation can be sustained even under highly unfavorable conditions. We thus present an alternative way of understanding the evolution of cooperative behavior and its ubiquitous presence in nature, and we hope that this study will be inspirational for future efforts aimed in this direction.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in PLoS ONE
Simultaneous Multilingual Search for Translingual
Information Retrieval
Creators: name: Parton, Kristen
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Allan, James
name: Henestroza, Enrique
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: We consider the problem of translingual information retrieval,  where monolingual searchers issue queries in a different language  than the document language(s) and the results must be returned in  the language they know, the query language. We present a  framework for translingual IR that integrates document translation  and query translation into the retrieval model. The corpus is  represented as an aligned, jointly indexed “pseudo-parallel”  corpus, where each document contains the text of the document  along with its translation into the query language. The queries are  formulated as multilingual structured queries, where each query  term and its translations into the document language(s) are treated  as synonym sets. This model leverages simultaneous search in  multiple languages against jointly indexed documents to improve  the accuracy of results over search using document translation or  query translation alone. For query translation, we compared a  statistical machine translation (SMT) approach to a dictionary-based approach. We found that using a Wikipedia-derived  dictionary for named entities combined with an SMT-based  dictionary worked better than SMT alone. Simultaneous  multilingual search also has other important features suited to translingual search, since it can provide an indication of poor  document translation when a match with the source document is  found. We show how close integration of CLIR and SMT allows  us to improve result translation in addition to IR results.
E-rating Machine Translation
Creators: name: Parton, Kristen
name: Tetreault, Joel
name: Madnani, Nitin
name: Chodorow, Martin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: We describe our submissions to the WMT11 shared MT evaluation task: MTeRater and MTeRater-Plus. Both are machine-learned metrics that use features from e-rater ®, an automated essay scoring engine designed to assess writing proﬁciency. Despite using only features from e-rater and without comparing to translations, MTeRater achieves a sentencelevel correlation with human rankings equivalent to BLEU. Since MTeRater only assesses ﬂuency, we build a meta-metric, MTeRaterPlus, that incorporates adequacy by combining MTeRater with other MT evaluation metrics and heuristics. This meta-metric has a higher correlation with human rankings than either MTeRater or individual MT metrics alone. However, we also ﬁnd that e rater features may not have signiﬁcant impact on correlation in every case.
The delayed uncoupled continuous-time random walks do not provide a model for the telegraph equation
Creators: name: Rukolaine, Sergey A.
name: Samsonov, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: It has been alleged in several papers that the so called delayed continuous-time random walks (DCTRWs) provide a model for the one-dimensional telegraph equation at microscopic level. This conclusion, being widespread now, is strange, since the telegraph equation describes phenomena with finite propagation speed, while the velocity of the motion of particles in the DCTRWs is infinite. In this paper we investigate how accurate are the approximations to the DCTRWs provided by the telegraph equation. We show that the diffusion equation, being the correct limit of the DCTRWs, gives better approximations in $L_2$ norm to the DCTRWs than the telegraph equation. We conclude therefore that, first, the DCTRWs do not provide any correct microscopic interpretation of the one-dimensional telegraph equation, and second, the kinetic (exact) model of the telegraph equation is different from the model based on the DCTRWs.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Modeling Prosody Automatically in Concept-to-Speech Generation
Creators: name: Pan, Shimei
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: A Concept-to-Speech (CTS) Generator is a system which integrates language generation with speech synthesis and produces speech from semantic representations. This is in contrast to Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems where speech is produced from text. CTS systems have an advantage over TTS because of the availability of semantic and pragmatic information, which are considered crucial for prosody generation, a process which models the variations in pitch, tempo and rhythm. My goal is to build a CTS system which produces more natural and intelligible speech than TTS. The CTS system is being developed as part of MAGIC (Dalal et al. 1996), a multimedia presentation generation system for health-care domain.
Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk): A Compact but Structured Keplerian Disk and Large-scale Spiral Structures Revealed in the Class I Protostellar System IRAS 04169+2702
Creators: name: Han, Ilseung
name: Kwon, Woojin
name: Aso, Yusuke
name: Ohashi, Nagayoshi
name: Tobin, John
name: Jørgensen, Jes
name: the eDisk team
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: We present the first-look results of high-resolution (~0.05"; 8 au) dust continuum and molecular line observations toward the Class I protostellar system IRAS 04169+2702 in the Taurus B213 region, as part of the ALMA Cycle 7 Large Program "Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk)". The 1.3-mm dust continuum emission of the circumstellar disk reveals two local peaks in the central region surrounding a free-free emission dominant depression. Velocity gradients along the disk major axis are seen in emission from C18O, 13CO, and 12CO lines. The position-velocity diagrams of these lines reveal a Keplerian-rotating disk around 1 solar-mass protostar as well as envelope material falling in with angular momentum conserved. In addition to the compact disk, a spiral structure is revealed in the dust continuum, 13CO, C18O, SO, and H2CO. Notably, in the region closer to the protostar, the spatial distribution of C18O emission coincides with that of SO emission, implying that the presence of a shock related to accretion through the spirals.
LoCuSS: A Dynamical Analysis of X-ray AGN in Local Clusters
Creators: name: Haines, C. P.
name: Pereira, M. J.
name: Sanderson, A. J. R.
name: Smith, G. P.
name: Egami, E.
name: Babul, A.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Moran, S. M.
name: Okabe, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the distribution of X-ray AGN in a representative sample of 26 massive clusters at 0.15|/sigma_v<0.8), which is dominated by the virialized population of galaxies accreted earliest into the clusters. Moreover the velocity dispersion of the 48 X-ray AGN is 1.51x that of the overall cluster population, which is consistent with the sqrt(2) ratio expected by simple energetic arguments when comparing infalling versus virialized populations. This kinematic segregation is significant at the 4.66-sigma level. When splitting the X-ray AGN sample into two according to X-ray or infrared (IR) luminosity, both X-ray bright and IR-bright sub-samples show higher velocity dispersions than their X-ray dim and IR-dim counterparts at >2sigma significance. This is consistent with the nuclear activity responsible for the X-ray and IR emission being slowly shut down as the host galaxies are accreted into the cluster. Overall our results provide the strongest observational evidence to date that X-ray AGN found in massive clusters are an infalling population, and that the cluster environment very effectively suppresses radiatively-efficient nuclear activity in its member galaxies. These results are consistent with the view that for galaxies to host an X-ray AGN they should be the central galaxy within their dark matter halo and have a ready supply of cold gas.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Gregory-Laflamme as the confinement/deconfinement transition in holographic QCD
Creators: name: Mandal, Gautam
name: Morita, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the phase structure of N D4 branes wrapped on a temporal (Euclidean) and a spatial circle, in terms of the near-horizon AdS geometries. This system has been studied previously to understand four dimensional pure SU(N) Yang-Mills theory (YM4) through holography. In the usual treatment of the subject, the phase transition between the AdS soliton and the black D4 brane is interpreted as the strong coupling continuation of the confinement/deconfinement transition in YM4. We show that this interpretation is not valid, since the black D4 brane and the deconfinement phase of YM4 have different realizations of the Z_N centre symmetry and cannot be identified. We propose an alternative gravity dual of the confinement/deconfinement transition in terms of a Gregory-Laflamme transition of the AdS soliton in the IIB frame, where the strong coupling continuation of the deconfinement phase of YM4 is a localized D3 soliton. Our proposal offers a new explanation of several aspects of the thermodynamics of holographic QCD. As an example, we show a new mechanism of chiral symmetry restoration in the Sakai-Sugimoto model. The issues discussed in this paper pertain to gravity duals of non-supersymmetric gauge theories in general.
description: 45 pages, 10 figures; v2: details of the analysis and new phase diagram in Sakai-Sugimoto model are added. version appeared in JHEP; v3: minor corrections. references are added; v4: minor corrections
New Approaches to Improving Highway Design, Safety, and Visual Presentation
Creators: name: Hu, Xiaoqiang
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 330202
subject: Building construction management and project planning
classificationCode: 350908
subject: Road transportation and freight services
classificationCode: 330201
subject: Automation and technology in building and construction

description: Accurate traffic information plays a crucial role in developing appropriate pavement designs. However, the existing traffic design input module often falls short in accurately describing the real traffic conditions on Indiana highways. Furthermore, a range of issues related to vehicle classification, transit bus traffic characterization, semi-truck platooning, pavement friction assessment, and highway model representation have been identified. This study aims to improve the design, safety, and visual presentation of highways in Indiana. In the realm of design, real-world traffic data will be collected and processed, while a traffic database of urban buses will be established. Both an axle-based digital classification method and a model-based image classification method will be introduced to categorize unclassified vehicles. The updated vehicle class distributions and axle load distributions will serve as pivotal traffic inputs for pavement design. Regarding safety considerations, a model for two-semi-truck platooning will be developed to determine safe and optimal headways. Characteristics pertinent to semi-truck platoons will be outlined and discussed. Additionally, a series of laboratory and field tests will be conducted to assess the frictional properties and performance of aggregates and colored pavements, thereby refining roadway safety measures. In the realm of visual presentation, the Building Information Modeling (BIM) framework will be applied to convert, enrich, and extend a highway model. A BIM-centered repository will be created, amalgamating a wealth of information encompassing traffic specifics and project particulars into an integrated visual platform. Moreover, Open BIM processes will be implemented, streamlining the exchange of highway data and ensuring seamless compatibility of models. The results of this study can offer valuable insights to drive improvements in highway design, safety, and visual presentation throughout Indiana.
Columbia Digital News System : An environment for briefing and search over multimedia information
Creators: name: Radev, Dragomir R.
name: Aho, Alfred V.
name: Chang, Shih-Fu
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Smith, John
name: Zaman, Kazi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: In this paper we describe an ongoing research project called the Columbia Digital News System. The goal of this project is to develop a suite of effective interoperable tools with which people can find relevant information (text, images, video, and structured documents) from distributed sources and track it over a period of time. Our initial focus is on the development of a system with which researchers, journalists, and students can keep track of current news events in specific areas.