cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Access To And Experience Of English-Medium Instruction In Higher Education In Germany: A Study Into English Language Entry Requirements And Their Relevance
Creators: name: Stuers, Simone
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: There is an increasing number of English-medium programmes offered at universities and universities of applied sciences (polytechnics) in Germany. While research has focused on various issues surrounding this phenomenon, there is a dearth of research into the English-language entry requirements for English-medium programmes. This research investigated the usage, role and perceived relevance of English language entry requirements for English-medium programmes. The study used a variety of methods. First a website survey was conducted of 426 institutions in Germany’s higher education sector. Institutional homepages were scrutinised for English-medium programmes and their English language entry requirements. Then, a questionnaires and interviews explored domestic student’s experiences of their English-medium studies with a view to determine the appropriacy of English-language entry requirements. Relevant programme leaders were also surveyed and the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Research in NRW was contacted to provide information about state level policies. The website survey suggested that at both bachelor’s and master’s level, the majority of English-medium programmes specify English language entry requirements; however, it is noteworthy that in many cases none are stated. In terms of cut scores, significant variation was found. However, the most frequently requested score for entry into EMI programmes at bachelor’s level is 575 for the paper-based, 213 for the computer-based and 90 for the internet based TOEFL and 6.5 for IELTS. At master´s, it is slightly lower at 550 for the paper-based, 213 for the computer-based and 90 for the internet-based TOEFL and 6.5 for IELTS. In all cases, this equates to B2 (CEFR). The survey of programme leaders suggested that despite an apparent lack of evidence for setting English language entry requirements at specific levels, institutions are generally convinced of the usefulness of English language entry requirements. In the student questionnaire and interviews, the vast majority of participants reported that their English proficiency enabled them to participate successfully in their EMI programme. This appeared to be the case whether or not they recall having had to show proof of their English language proficiency upon enrolment. This study found that general recommendations by the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Research in NRW, which considers English proficiency obtained through secondary school education as sufficient for entry to bachelor studies, were followed. Thus, this thesis gives a detailed account of English-medium programmes and their English language entry requirements at higher education institutions in Germany, providing useful knowledge for institutions and policy makers.
Measuring the Magnetic Field on the Classical T Tauri Star TW Hydrae
Creators: name: Yang, H.
name: Johns-Krull, C. M.
name: Valenti, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present infrared (IR) and optical echelle spectra of the Classical T Tauri star TW Hydrae. Using the optical data, we perform detailed spectrum synthesis to fit atomic and molecular absorption lines and determine key stellar parameters: Teff = 4126 \pm 24 K, log g = 4.84 \pm 0.16, [M/H] = -0.10 \pm 0.12, vsini = 5.8 \pm 0.6 km/s. The IR spectrum is used to look for Zeeman broadening of photospheric absorption lines. We fit four Zeeman sensitive Ti I lines near 2.2 microns and find the average value of the magnetic field over the entire surface is 2.61 \pm 0.23 kG. In addition, several nearby magnetically insensitive CO lines show no excess broadening above that produced by stellar rotation and instrumental broadening, reinforcing the magnetic interpretation for the width of the Ti I lines. We carry out extensive tests to quantify systematic errors in our analysis technique which may result from inaccurate knowledge of the effective temperature or gravity, finding that reasonable errors in these quantities produce a 10% uncertainty in the mean field measurement.
description: The tar file includes one Tex file and four .eps figures. The paper is accepted and tentatively scheduled for the ApJ 1 December 2005, v634, 2 issue. ApJ manuscript submission # 63109
High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles Decorated, p-type 2D-Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) and Gold Schottky Junction Enhanced Hydrogen Sensing
Creators: name: MB, Kusuma Urs
name: Katiyar, Nirmal Kumar
name: Kumar, Ritesh
name: Biswas, Krishanu
name: Singh, Abhishek K.
name: Tiwary, C S
name: Kamble, Vinayak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) is an interesting material which exists in atomically thin multilayers and can be exfoliated into monolayer or a few layers for multiple applications. It has emerged as a promising material for development of such efficient sensors. Here, we have exfoliated and decorated MoS2 flakes with novel, single phase High Entropy Alloy (HEA) nanoparticles using facile and scalable cryomilling technique, followed by sonochemical method. It is found that the decoration of HEA nanoparticles impart surface enhanced Raman scattering effect and reduction in the work function of the material from 4.9 to 4.75 eV as measured by UV photoelectron spectroscopy. This change in the work function results in a schottky barrier between the gold contact and HEA decorated MoS2 flakes as a result of drastic changes in the surface chemical non-stoichiometry. The response to hydrogen gas is studied at temperatures 30 to 100 oC and it shows unusual p-type nature due to surface adsorbed oxygen species. The nanoscale junction formed between HEA and MoS2 shows 10 times increase in the response towards hydrogen gas at 80 oC. The experimental observations are further explained with DFT simulation showing more favourable hydrogen adsorption on HEA decorated MoS2 resulting for enhanced response.
Dadoxylon rollei Unger 1859
Creators: name: Galtier, Jean
name: Ronchi, Ausonio
name: Broutin, Jean
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Pinopsida
Pinales
Araucariaceae
Dadoxylon
Dadoxylon rollei

description: Dadoxylon cf. rollei Unger, 1859   (Fig. 10 A-D)
 A rather large specimen consists of a single fragment of distorted wood (Fig. 9A); however characteristic features are preserved: the files of secondary xylem tracheids (30-50 µm in diameter) are separated by narrow (uniseriate) rays of variable height (2 to 20 cells) (Fig. 9B, D); pitting, restricted to radial walls, shows uni- to biseriate rows of crowded circular bordered pits (Fig. 9C). This anatomy is similar to that of woody trunks of Dadoxylon rollei Unger from the Lower Permian of Germany and from Autun. Marguerier (1971), who investigated trunks from Autun, consider that characteristics of tracheid pittings of such woods suggest affinities with walchian conifers rather than with cordaites.
description: Published as part of Galtier, Jean, Ronchi, Ausonio & Broutin, Jean, 2011, Early Permian silicified floras from the Perdasdefogu Basin (SE Sardinia): comparison and bio-chronostratigraphic correlation with the floras of the Autun Basin (Massif central, France), pp. 43-69 in Geodiversitas 33 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.5252/g2011n1a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4596948
Table S1. from Metabolic rate in common shrews is unaffected by temperature, leading to lower energetic costs through seasonal size reduction
Creators: name: Schaeffer, Paul J.
name: M. Teague O'Mara
name: Japhet Breiholz
name: Keicher, Lara
name: Lázaro, Javier
name: Muturi, Marion
name: Dechmann, Dina K. N.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: All model results evaluating the effects of body mass, standaridized skull height,(BCH), temperature, and season on abosolute metabolic rates (VO2 (ml/min) and relative metabolic rates (VO2 ml/kg/h) and include individual ID as a ranndom intercept and season, season as a random slope, and continuous time autocorrelation structure. Body mass, skull height, and temperature were all scaled prior to analysis . Models are shown in order of their AICc rank.
Hydrodynamic-colloidal interactions of an oil droplet and a membrane surface
Creators: name: Galvagno, Mariano
name: Ramon, Guy Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the influence of hydrodynamic stresses and colloidal interactions between droplets and membranes will inform better engineered membrane surfaces and process conditions. Using a long-wave hydrodynamic description that incorporates wettability and electrostatic repulsion, we numerically investigate the influence of droplet shapes and membrane characteristics on the overall repulsion-attraction towards the membrane surface. A stability phase diagram classifies stable-unstable drop shapes and investigate whether there is reversible deposition of droplets onto the membrane.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures; in press
Neutrino Oscillations as a Probe of Dark Energy
Creators: name: Kaplan, David B.
name: Nelson, Ann E.
name: Weiner, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a class of theories in which neutrino masses depend significantly on environment, as a result of interactions with the dark sector. Such theories of mass varying neutrinos (MaVaNs) were recently introduced to explain the origin of the cosmological dark energy density and why its magnitude is apparently coincidental with that of neutrino mass splittings. In this Letter we argue that in such theories neutrinos can exhibit different masses in matter and in vacuum, dramatically affecting neutrino oscillations. Both long and short baseline experiments are essential to test for these interactions. As an example of modifications to the standard picture, we consider simple models which may simultaneously account for the LSND anomaly, KamLAND, K2K and studies of solar and atmospheric neutrinos, while providing motivation to continue to search for neutrino oscillations in short baseline experiments such as BooNE.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, refs added, additional data considered, minor change in conclusions about LSND
Pair density wave order in multiband systems
Creators: name: Ticea, Nicole Sabina
name: Raghu, Srinivas
name: Wu, Yi-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An indispensable ingredient for pair density wave (PDW) superconductivity is the presence of an attractive pairing interaction at finite momentum. Here, we show how this condition can be met with straightforward electron-density interactions in multiband systems. The electron-density interaction, when projected to the band basis, acquires form factors with nontrivial momentum dependence and thereby exhibits a potential tendency to a finite-momentum pairing instability. By applying a mean-field analysis to two simple multiband models, the checkerboard lattice and three-band Hubbard model, we find that PDW order can indeed become the leading instability if a strong nearest-neighbour attraction is present. Moreover, the condition for the transition from a uniform superconductor to a PDW superconductor is shown via a simple quantum geometric argument.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 2 of Cutaneous melanoma: cost of illness under Brazilian health system perspectives
Creators: name: Veiga, Cassia Rita Pereira Da
name: Veiga, Claudimar Pereira Da
name: Souza, Alceu
name: Wainstein, Alberto Julius Alves
name: Melo, Andreia Cristina De
name: Drummond-Lage, Ana Paula
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Masslesslike minimal subtraction for massive scalar field theory
Creators: name: Leite, Marcelo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the simplest minimal subtraction method for massive $λϕ^{4}$ field theory with $O(N)$ internal symmetry, which resembles the same method applied to massless fields by using two steps. First, the utilization of the partial-$p$ operation in every diagram of the two-point vertex part in order to separate it into a sum of squared mass and external momentum, respectively, with different coefficients. Then, the loop integral which is the coefficient of the quadratic mass can be solved entirely in terms of the mass, no longer depending upon the external momentum, using the {\it parametric dissociation transform}. It consists in the choice of a certain set of fixed values of Feynman parameters replaced inside the remaining loop integral after solving the internal subdiagrams. We check the results in the diagrammatic computation of critical exponents at least up to two-loop order using a flat metric with Euclidean signature.
description: 5 pages, no figures, version accepted in Europhysics Letters
Nonholonomic LR systems as Generalized Chaplygin systems with an Invariant Measure and Geodesic Flows on Homogeneous Spaces
Creators: name: Fedorov, Yuri N.
name: Jovanovic, Bozidar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J60, 37J35, 70H45

description: We consider a class of dynamical systems on a Lie group $G$ with a left-invariant metric and right-invariant nonholonomic constraints (so called LR systems) and show that, under a generic condition on the constraints, such systems can be regarded as generalized Chaplygin systems on the principle bundle $G \to Q=G/H$, $H$ being a Lie subgroup. In contrast to generic Chaplygin systems, the reductions of our LR systems onto the homogeneous space $Q$ always possess an invariant measure. We study the case $G=SO(n)$, when LR systems are multidimensional generalizations of the Veselova problem of a nonholonomic rigid body motion, which admit a reduction to systems with an invariant measure on the (co)tangent bundle of Stiefel varieties $V(k,n)$ as the corresponding homogeneous spaces. For $k=1$ and a special choice of the left-invariant metric on SO(n), we prove that under a change of time, the reduced system becomes an integrable Hamiltonian system describing a geodesic flow on the unit sphere $S^{n-1}$. This provides a first example of a nonholonomic system with more than two degrees of freedom for which the celebrated Chaplygin reducibility theorem is applicable. In this case we also explicitly reconstruct the motion on the group SO(n).
description: 39 pages, the proof of Lemma 4.3 and some references are added, to appear in Journal of Nonlinear Science
ALTERNATIVE USES FOR SUGARCANE IM THE CARIBBEAN BASIN
Creators: name: Alexander, Alex G.
name: Alexander, Alex G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: For centuries a major agricultural commodity in the Caribbean Basin, sugar planting is an increasingly unprofitable enterprise today. Contributing factors include rising labor costs, rising costs of production operations, a chronically-depressed sugar market, and increased industrial usage of alternative sweeteners such as the high-fructose corn syrups. Diversification of sugarcane plantations into horticultural and cattle commodities is one option given serious consideration. An alternative option is the management of cane as a multi-product biomass commodity featuring fuels, chemical feedstocks, syrup, and high-test molasses, in audition to the traditional sugar and blackstrap molasses products. This option is attractive from a botanical standpoint owing to the special growth attributes of the cane plant It is also attractive for social and economic reasons, particularly in developing tropical nations having little in the way of fossil energy but long experience with sugarcane.
Additional file 1 of Faculty’s attitudes and perceptions related to applying motivational principles to their teaching: a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Snook, Abigail Grover
name: Schram, Asta B.
name: Jones, Brett D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Flood Susceptibility Modelling Using GIS-Based Analytical Hierarchy Process  (AHP) in Benin City, Nigeria
Creators: name: Gift Uchenna Okafor, Orobosa Oriakhi
Publisher: name: NIPES PUBLICATIONS
Year: 2024

description: Flooding is a major hazard in both urban and rural areas today. There are several factors that determine the susceptibility of an area to flooding, and the problem of flooding cannot be solved if the flood susceptible areas are unidentified. Flood susceptibility mapping is an important way of controlling floods because it identifies the flood prone regions within an area of interest. This study aims to present a method of determining the flood susceptible zones for a watershed area in Benin City using the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach, particularly the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS). Six flood conditioning factors were selected for the study: slope, drainage density, distance from rivers, flow accumulation, elevation, and curve number. These factors were presented as raster datasets. The factors were ranked based on their potential contribution to flooding and given factor weights according to the AHP technique. The combination of these flood conditioning factors with their corresponding weights in the QGIS software was used to produce the flood susceptibility map. From the flood susceptibility map, it was observed that 26.1% of the watershed area was characterized by very high and high susceptibility to flooding.
title: Salvage rites: making memory on a Montana homestead
Creators: name: DeSilvey, Caitlin O'Brian
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: The preservation of selected sites and artefacts privileges certain forms of cultural memory. Other material cultures, no longer useful and deemed unworthy of preservation, accumulate in overlooked places. Abandoned in a state of unfinished disposal, these objects and structures can generate unpredictable and unruly effects. Such degraded materialities may trigger apprehensions of cultural memory in a mode unfamiliar to the museum or the heritage park. This study takes up the residual material culture of a homestead in Western Montana to explore how history and memory are made, and remade, through interactions between people and things. Theories of performativity and intersubjectivity inform a move away from a broadly representational or semiotic understanding of material culture. In this study, experimental methodologies access the different ways in which material engagements animate the potential effects of a given artefact. One approach explores the potential for inclusive, artful inventory practice. Another engages in a process of associative storytelling which assembles disparate objects in constellations of meaning. A third approach observes the way in which sensory or haptic memory arises out of embodied action and practical reclamation. Finally, the thesis considers the nature of cultural memory and the processes of decay that obscure certain residues of knowledge even as they expose others. In conclusion, the thesis considers the social and political implications of such non-essentialist encounters with memory and materiality. The thesis argues that these active, creative encounters with objects open up the possibility for an ethical relation to the past-a salvage both of cultural artefacts and of overlooked histories.
Discovery of three optical open clusters in the Galaxy
Creators: name: Bica, E.
name: Bonatto, C.
name: Dutra, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of three optical open clusters in the Milky Way. Two clusters are in Scutum (Cluster1 at l=18.44 degrees and b=-0.42 degrees, and Cluster2 at l=19.60 degrees and b=-1.02 degrees), thus projected not far from the Galactic center direction, and the other is in Canis Major (Cluster3 at l=235.61 degrees and b=-4.10 degrees), near the anti-center direction. Cluster3 is less populous than Clusters 1 and 2, but presents evidence of being a physical system. The objects were found optically by inspecting maps obtained from the Guide Star Catalogue and images from the Digitized Sky Survey. No previous identification of cluster has been reported in each area so far. The analysis was carried out with 2MASS photometry in J and H. For Cluster1 we derive an age of 25 Myr, a reddening E(B-V)=2.18 and a distance from the Sun 1.64kpc; for Cluster2, age of 500Myr, E(B-V)=0.91 and distance 2.19kpc; finally for Cluster3, age 32-100Myr, E(B-V)=0.94 and distance of 3.93kpc. Luminosity and mass functions are derived for Clusters1 and 2 which, in turn, allowed us to estimate their observed masses as 147 and 89 solar masses, respectively. Estimated total masses, by extrapolating the mass functions to 0.08 solar mass, amount to 382 and 614 solar masses, for the two clusters. Cluster3 has an observed mass of 55 solar masses. The present results indicate that further searches in the optical might still reveal new open clusters, and more so in infrared bands.
description: accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysics, 9 figures
On the Ionisation Fraction in Protoplanetary Disks I: Comparing Different Reaction Networks
Creators: name: Ilgner, Martin
name: Nelson, Richard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the ionisation fraction in protostellar disk models using a number of different chemical reaction networks, including gas-phase and gas-grain reaction schemes. The disk models we consider are conventional alpha-disks, which include viscous heating and radiative cooling. The primary source of ionisation is assumed to be X-ray irradiation from the central star. We consider a number of gas-phase chemical networks. In general we find that the simple models predict higher fractional ionisation levels and more extensive active zones than the more complex models. When heavy metal atoms are included the simple models predict that the disk is magnetically active throughout. The complex models predict that extensive regions of the disk remain magnetically uncoupled even with a fractional abundance of magnesium of 10(-8). The addition of submicron sized grains with a concentration of 10(-12) causes the size of the dead zone to increase dramatically for all kinetic models considered. We find that the simple and complex gas-grain reaction schemes agree on the size and structure of the resulting dead zone. We examine the effects of depleting the concentration of small grains as a crude means of modeling the growth of grains during planet formation. We find that a depletion factor of 10(-4) causes the gas-grain chemistry to converge to the gas-phase chemistry when heavy metals are absent. 10(-8) is required when magnesium is included. This suggests that efficient grain growth and settling will be required in protoplanetary disks, before a substantial fraction of the disk mass in the planet forming zone between 1 - 10 AU becomes magnetically active and turbulent.
description: 21 pages, 23 figures, accepted for publication in A & A Includes correction to our implementation of the Umebayashi-Nakano reaction network
Simulating the Shastry-Sutherland Ising Model using Quantum Annealing
Creators: name: Kairys, Paul
name: King, Andrew D.
name: Ozfidan, Isil
name: Boothby, Kelly
name: Raymond, Jack
name: Banerjee, Arnab
name: Humble, Travis S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Frustration represents an essential feature in the behavior of magnetic materials when constraints on the microscopic Hamiltonian cannot be satisfied simultaneously. This gives rise to exotic phases of matter including spin liquids, spin ices, and stripe phases. Here we demonstrate an approach to understanding the microscopic effects of frustration by computing the phases of a 468-spin Shastry-Sutherland Ising Hamiltonian using a quantum annealer. Our approach uses mean-field boundary conditions to mitigate effects of finite size and defects alongside an iterative quantum annealing protocol to simulate statistical physics. We recover all phases of the Shastry-Sutherland Ising model -- including the well-known fractional magnetization plateau -- and the static structure factor characterizing the critical behavior at these transitions. These results establish quantum annealing as an emerging method in understanding the effects of frustration on the emergence of novel phases of matter and pave the way for future comparisons with real experiments.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, code available at https://code.ornl.gov/1pk/qa-ss
Novel Keyboard Layout Optimization.pdf
Creators: name: Mortenson, Michael
name: Sweeten, Cassandra S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 120499 Engineering Design not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Since the advent of the typewriter in 1897 by Shoes, Glidden, and Soule, keyboard layouts have been the subject of extensive research. Amidst many competing keyboard layouts, the 1972 QWERTY keyboard has gained traction and standard acceptance with the rise of personal computers. However, the various drawbacks of the QWERTY layout, which have been extensively researched and documented, have spurred research into alternate keyboard layouts. Herein, a method for optimizing a alternate 30-key keyboard is presented using a custom gradient-free genetic algorithm. The optimization relies on an effective distance objective function which incorporates digraph frequency analysis, effectively bypassing uncertainty in the literature regarding the commonly used Fitts-Digraph objective function. Finally, a resulting optimal keyboard is presented and suggestions for further inquiry are elaborated.
Studies in Monte Carlo Inversion and Generative Deep Learning
Creators: name: Scheiter, Matthias
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2024

description: Geophysical inversion is generally concerned with the inference of Earth's structure from data recorded at its surface. The data are generally sparse, incomplete, noisy, and ambiguous. These characteristics make geophysical inversion difficult and lead to challenges, including non-uniqueness and high uncertainties in the obtained models. A way to address some of these difficulties is through ensemble-generating inversion methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo. The goal is to build a large collection of suitable models that together characterise uncertainty and non-uniqueness of the properties of interest. Though powerful, Monte Carlo methods have significant drawbacks such as long computational times and a large amount of digital outputs. The generation, handling, and distribution of model ensembles is challenging and it is desirable to find alternative methodologies. In recent years, generative deep learning algorithms (`generative models') have attracted much attention in the machine learning community and beyond. With their help, it is possible to build a parametric representation from a collection of samples. As we discovered during the course of this project, this representation can be used in two major ways: a) it offers a data compression as the original ensemble can be replaced by the parameters of the generative model; and b) it can be used to sample a large number of samples that follow the original distribution. However, deep learning methods lack the theoretical convergence guarantees that make Monte Carlo methods attractive, and so it is beneficial to combine both. This thesis explores different ways in which Monte Carlo methods can benefit from generative models. First, we demonstrate the feasibility of generative models to reproduce the posterior distribution of a Bayesian inverse problem, leading to large rates of compression and computational acceleration. Second, this approach can be extended to train a generative model 'on-the-fly' and use it as adaptive proposal distribution in the sampling process itself. Third, we propose a new framework in which an autoencoder can be used to learn a surrogate model of both the forward and inverse operators, with perspectives for subsurface monitoring. The thesis ends with an outlook on the many other possible ways in which Monte Carlo methods and generative models may be combined.
ENERGY-INTEGRATION AND ΕNVIRONMENTAL-COMPLIANCE CONCEPTS FOR TROPICAL DAIRY FARMING
Creators: name: Alexander, Alex G.
name: Alexander, Alex G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Farm Management
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Dairy farming in Puerto Rico is attended by rising production costs and the expense of complying with environmental quality control regulations legislated during the past decade. Recent studies at UPR suggest that farm expenditures for electricity can be largely eliminated by converting cattle manure to biogas fuels for on-farm power generation. A smaller fraction of the herd's dietary protein requirement can be supplied through refeeding of biogas digestor residues. Cattle feed can also be supplemented by fish and grenfeed produced in conjunction with environmental wastewater cleanup operations. Such concepts already apply to Puerto Rico but can serve also as models for future application in the Caribbean region.
Bloch Structures in a Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Saito, Hiroki
name: Ueda, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A rotating Bose-Einstein condensate is shown to exhibit a Bloch band structure without the need of periodic potential. Vortices enter the condensate by a mechanism similar to the Bragg reflection, if the frequency of a rotating drive or the strength of interaction is adiabatically changed. A localized state analogous to a gap soliton in a periodic system is predicted near the edge of the Brillouin zone.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
When ControlNet Meets Inexplicit Masks: A Case Study of ControlNet on its Contour-following Ability
Creators: name: Xuan, Wenjie
name: Xu, Yufei
name: Zhao, Shanshan
name: Wang, Chaoyue
name: Liu, Juhua
name: Du, Bo
name: Tao, Dacheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ControlNet excels at creating content that closely matches precise contours in user-provided masks. However, when these masks contain noise, as a frequent occurrence with non-expert users, the output would include unwanted artifacts. This paper first highlights the crucial role of controlling the impact of these inexplicit masks with diverse deterioration levels through in-depth analysis. Subsequently, to enhance controllability with inexplicit masks, an advanced Shape-aware ControlNet consisting of a deterioration estimator and a shape-prior modulation block is devised. The deterioration estimator assesses the deterioration factor of the provided masks. Then this factor is utilized in the modulation block to adaptively modulate the model's contour-following ability, which helps it dismiss the noise part in the inexplicit masks. Extensive experiments prove its effectiveness in encouraging ControlNet to interpret inaccurate spatial conditions robustly rather than blindly following the given contours, suitable for diverse kinds of conditions. We showcase application scenarios like modifying shape priors and composable shape-controllable generation. Codes are available at github.
description: Accepted by ACM-MM 2024
Quasinormal modes of d-dimensional spherical black holes with a near extreme cosmological constant
Creators: name: Molina, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an expression for the quasinormal modes of scalar perturbations in near extreme d-dimensional Schwarzschild-de Sitter and Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black holes. We show that, in the near extreme limit, the dynamics of the scalar field is characterized by a Poschl-Teller effective potential. The results are qualitatively independent of the spacetime dimension and field mass.
description: 5 pages, REVTeX4, version to be published in Physical Review D
Timing stability of black widow pulsars
Creators: name: Nielsen, Ann-Sofie Bak
name: Janssen, Gemma H.
name: Shaifullah, Golam
name: Verbiest, Joris P. W.
name: Champion, David J.
name: Desvignes, Grégory
name: Guillemot, Lucas
name: Karuppusamy, Ramesh
name: Kramer, Michael
name: Lyne, Andrew G.
name: Possenti, Andrea
name: Stappers, Ben W.
name: Bassa, Cees
name: Cognard, Ismaël
name: Liu, Kuo
name: Theureau, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the timing stability of three black widow pulsars, both in terms of their long-term spin evolution and their shorter-term orbital stability. The erratic timing behaviour and radio eclipses of the first two black widow pulsar systems discovered (PSRs B1957+20 and J2051$-$0827) was assumed to be representative for this class of pulsars. With several new black widow systems added to this population in the last decade, there are now several systems known that do not show these typical orbital variations or radio eclipses. We present timing solutions using 7$-$8 yrs of observations from four of the European Pulsar Timing Array telescopes for PSRs\,J0023+0923, J2214+3000 and J2234+0944, and confirm that two of these systems do not show any significant orbital variability over our observing time span, both in terms of secular or orbital parameters. The third pulsar PSR J0023+0923 shows orbital variability and we discuss the implications for the timing solution. Our results from the long-term timing of these pulsars provide several new or improved parameters compared to earlier works. We discuss our results regarding the stability of these pulsars, and the stability of the class of black widow pulsars in general, in the context of the binary parameters, and discuss the potential of the Roche-lobe filling factor of the companion star being an indicator for stability of these systems.
description: Submitted to MNRAS
Pseudoscalar qqbar mesons and effective QCD coupling enhanced by condensate
Creators: name: Kekez, Dalibor
name: Klabucar, Dubravko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments provided evidence that the dimension 2 gluon condensate is important for the nonperturbative regime of Yang-Mills theories (quantized in the Landau gauge). We show that it may be relevant for the Dyson-Schwinger approach to QCD. In order that this approach leads to a successful hadronic phenomenology, an enhancement of the effective quark-gluon interaction seems to be needed at intermediate (p^2 \sim 0.5 GeV^2) momenta. It is shown that the gluon condensate provides such an enhancement. It is also shown that the resulting effective strong running coupling leads to the sufficiently strong dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and successful phenomenology at least in the light sector of pseudoscalar mesons.
description: revtex4, 4 eps figures, 8 pages, improved presentation, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 1 of Low incidence of ABL-class and JAK-STAT signaling pathway alterations in uniformly treated pediatric and adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients using MRD risk-directed approach – a population-based study
Creators: name: Norvilas, Rimvydas
name: Dirse, Vaidas
name: Semaskeviciene, Ruta
name: Orinta Mickeviciute
name: Gineikiene, Egle
name: Stoskus, Mindaugas
name: Vaitkeviciene, Goda
name: Rascon, Jelena
name: Griskevicius, Laimonas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1, Table S2.
Exciton localization in tubular molecular aggregates: size effects and optical response
Creators: name: Bondarenko, Anna S.
name: Jansen, Thomas L. C.
name: Knoester, Jasper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the exciton localization and resulting optical response for disordered tubular aggregates of optically active molecules. It has been shown previously that such tubular structures allow for excitons delocalized over more than a thousand molecules, owing to the combined effects of long-range dipole-dipole interactions and the higher-dimensional (not truly one-dimensional) nature of the aggregate. Such large delocalization sizes prompt the question to what extent in experimental systems the delocalization may still be determined by the aggregate size (diameter and length) and how this affects the aggregate's optical response and dynamics. We perform a systematic study of the size effects on the localization properties, using numerical simulations of the exciton states in a cylindrical model structure inspired by the previously derived geometry of a cylindrical aggregate of cyanine dye molecules (C8S3). To characterize the exciton localization, we calculate the participation ratio and the autocorrelation function of the exciton wave function. Also, we calculate the density of states and absorption spectrum. We find strong effects of the tube's radius on the localization and optical properties in the range of parameters relevant to experiment. In addition, surprisingly, we find that even for tubes as long as 750 nm, the localization size is limited by the tube's length for disorder values that are relevant to experimental circumstances, while observable effects of the tube's length in the absorption spectrum still occur for tube lengths up to about 150 nm. The latter may explain changes in the optical spectra observed during the aging process of bromine-substituted C8S3 aggregates. For weak disorder, the exciton wave functions exhibit a scattered, fractal-like nature, similar to the quasi-particles in two-dimensional disordered systems.
User Localization with HRIS and Backscatter Modulation for Next-Generation Networks
Creators: name: Piana, Mattia
name: Tomasin, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Hybrid reflective intelligent surfaces (HRISs) can support localization in sixth-generation (6G) networks thanks to their ability to generate narrow beams and at the same time receive and process locally the impinging signals. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol for user localization in a network with an HRIS. The protocol includes two steps. In the first step, the HRIS operates in full absorption mode and the user equipment (UE) transmits a signal that is locally processed at the HRIS to estimate the angle of arrival (AoA). In the second step, the base station transmits a downlink reference signal to the UE, and the HRIS superimposes a message by a backscatter modulation. The message contains information on the previously estimated AoA. Lastly, the UE, knowing the position of the HRIS, estimates the time of flight (ToF) from the signal of the second step and demodulates the information on the AoA to obtain an estimate of its location. Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution, also in comparison with the Cramér Rao lower bound on the estimated quantities.nd on the estimated quantities.
Galactic Evolution of Sr, Y, Zr: A Multiplicity of Nucleosynthetic Processes
Creators: name: Travaglio, Claudia
name: Gallino, Roberto
name: Arnone, Enrico
name: Cowan, John
name: Jordan, Faith
name: Sneden, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We follow the Galactic enrichment of three easily observed light n-capture elements Sr,Y,and Zr.Input stellar yields have been first separated into their respective main and weak s-process,and r-process components.The s-process yields from AGB stars are computed,exploring a wide range of efficiencies of the major neutron source,13C,and covering both disk and halo metallicities.AGBs have been shown to reproduce the main s-component in the solar system.The concurrent weak s-process,which accounts for the major fraction of the light s-process isotopes in the solar system and occurs in massive stars by the operation of the 22Ne n-source,is discussed in detail.Neither the main s-,nor the weak s-components are shown to contribute significantly to the n-capture element abundances observed in unevolved halo stars.We present a detailed analysis of a large database of spectroscopic observations of Sr,Y,Zr, Ba,and Eu for Galactic stars at various metallicities.Spectroscopic observations of Sr,Y,and Zr to Ba and Eu abundance ratios versus metallicity provide useful diagnostics of the types of n-capture processes forming Sr,Y and Zr.The observed [Sr,Y,Zr/Ba,Eu] ratio is clearly not flat at low metallicities,as we would expect if Ba,Eu and Sr,Y,Zr all had the same r-process origin.We discuss our chemical evolution predictions, taking into account the interplay between different processes to produce Sr-Y-Zr.We find hints for a primary process in low-metallicity massive stars, different from the 'classical s-process' and from the 'classical r-process',that we tentatively define LEPP (Lighter Element Primary Process).This allows us to revise the estimates of the r-process contributions to the solar Sr,Y and Zr abundances,as well as of the contribution to the s-only isotopes 86Sr,87Sr,96Mo.
description: Accepted for ApJ, 52 pages, 12 figures
Inspiraling double compact object detection and lensing rate -- forecast for DECIGO and B-DECIGO
Creators: name: Piórkowska-Kurpas, Aleksandra
name: Hou, Shaoqi
name: Biesiada, Marek
name: Ding, Xuheng
name: Cao, Shuo
name: Fan, Xilong
name: Kawamura, Seiji
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emergence of gravitational wave (GW) astronomy revived the interest in exploring the low frequency GW spectrum inaccessible from the ground. Satellite GW observatory DECIGO in its original configuration and the currently proposed smaller scale B-DECIGO are aimed to cover deci-Hertz part of the GW spectrum, which fills the gap between LISA mili-Hertz and deca- to kilo-Hertz range probed by ground-based detectors. In this paper we forecast the detection rates of inspiraling double compact objects (DCOs) and the unresolved confusion noise from these sources in DECIGO and B-DECIGO. In the context of DECIGO we use, for the first time, the population synthesis intrinsic inspiral rates of NS-NS, BH-NS and BH-BH systems. We also estimate the expected gravitational lensing rates of such sources for DECIGO and B-DECIGO. The result is that yearly detection of DCOs inspirals for the DECIGO is of order of $10^4 - 10^5$, while for a much smaller scale B-DECIGO they are about $10^2 - 10^4$ depending on the DCO population considered. Taking into account that considerable part of these events would be detectable by ground-based GW observatories the added value of DECIGO/B-DECIGO could be substantial. DECIGO will also be able to register $5-50$ lensed NS-NS inspirals and up to O(100) BH-BH inspirals. On the contrary, predictions for the B-DECIGO are pessimistic: only the optimistic common envelope scenario of DCO formation could yield a few lensed BH-BH inspirals per year. We also address the question of the magnification bias in the GW event catalogs of DECIGO and B-DECIGO.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO IMPROVED YAM PRODUCTION METHODS IN BARBADOS
Creators: name: Chandler, Frances L.
name: Haque, Syed Q.
name: Bethell, Patrick
name: Chandler, Frances L.
name: Haque, Syed Q.
name: Bethell, Patrick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Yams are plants belonging to the botanical genus Dioscorea, tubers of which are used either as a source of carbohydrate food or as a source of medicinal compound (i.e. steriods). Yam is traditionally grown by small farmers in all the islands of the Commonwealth Caribbean. In Barbados, it is also grown on sugarcane plantations. Dioscorea alata var. White Lisbon is widely grown in the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados. This variety has also featured prominently in the export trade of yam from Barbados, although its full potential has not yet been realized. Various aspects of the development of White Lisbon yam as a national enterprise in Barbados are presented and discussed in this paper.
Computing persistent Stiefel-Whitney classes of line bundles
Creators: name: Tinarrage, Raphaël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a definition of persistent Stiefel-Whitney classes of vector bundle filtrations. It relies on seeing vector bundles as subsets of some Euclidean spaces. The usual Čech filtration of such a subset can be endowed with a vector bundle structure, that we call a Čech bundle filtration. We show that this construction is stable and consistent. When the dataset is a finite sample of a line bundle, we implement an effective algorithm to compute its persistent Stiefel-Whitney classes. In order to use simplicial approximation techniques in practice, we develop a notion of weak simplicial approximation. As a theoretical example, we give an in-depth study of the normal bundle of the circle, which reduces to understanding the persistent cohomology of the torus knot (1,2). We illustrate our method on several datasets inspired by image analysis.
description: To appear in Journal of Applied and Computational Topology