cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Evil as a crime against humanity : confronting mass atrocities in a plural world
Creators: name: Royer, Christof
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: This thesis represents an attempt to reimagine why and how to confront mass atrocities in world politics. Drawing on Hannah Arendt’s conception of evil, it interprets and understands mass atrocities as ‘evil’ in an ‘Arendtian’ sense, that is, as crimes against human plurality and, thus, crimes against humanity itself. This understanding of mass atrocities paves the way for reframing responses to mass atrocities as attempts to confront evil. In doing so, the thesis focuses on military intervention under the banner of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and judicial intervention by the International Criminal Court (ICC) and reframes them as tools to protect human plurality from evil. Furthermore, the thesis looks at the place and the role of R2P and the ICC in the changing landscape of world order. It argues that the protection of humanity from evil can serve as a legitimate Grundnorm (basic norm) around which a global constitutional order in an inherently pluralistic world can be constructed. Ultimately, the thesis weaves together realist, liberal, cosmopolitan and critical insights: From liberalism and cosmopolitanism, it takes the view that certain evils are genuinely universal problems that have to be confronted by global institutions. From realism, it takes a focus on the harsh realities of political life, a sensitivity to the tragic dimensions of human existence and an aversion to moralism. From critical scholarship, finally, it takes the idea of human plurality as a moral and political value and an acute awareness of the dangers of de-politicisation. In combination, these elements create an alternative picture of why and how to confront mass atrocities in world politics: In this picture, mass atrocities are portrayed as a threat to plurality, which is why genuine attempts to confront mass atrocities appear as efforts to protect human plurality from evil.
Perturbation theory and non-perturbative renormalization flow in scalar field theory at finite temperature
Creators: name: Blaizot, Jean-Paul
name: Ipp, Andreas
name: Mendez-Galain, Ramon
name: Wschebor, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the non-perturbative renormalization group to clarify some features of perturbation theory in thermal field theory. For the specific case of the scalar field theory with O(N) symmetry, we solve the flow equations within the local potential approximation. This approximation reproduces the perturbative results for the screening mass and the pressure up to order g^3, and starts to differ at order g^4. The method allows a smooth extrapolation to the regime where the coupling is not small, very similar to that obtained from a simple self-consistent approximation.
description: 42 pages, 19 figures; v2: typos corrected and references added, version accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys. A
An extremely luminous X-ray outburst at the birth of a supernova
Creators: name: Soderberg, A. M.
name: Berger, E.
name: Page, K. L.
name: Schady, P.
name: Parrent, J.
name: Pooley, D.
name: Wang, X. -Y.
name: Ofek, E. O.
name: Cucchiara, A.
name: Rau, A.
name: Waxman, E.
name: Simon, J. D.
name: Bock, D. C. -J.
name: Milne, P. A.
name: Page, M. J.
name: Barentine, J. C.
name: Barthelmy, S. D.
name: Beardmore, A. P.
name: Bietenholz, M. F.
name: Brown, P.
name: Burrows, A.
name: Burrows, D. N.
name: Byrngelson, G.
name: Cenko, S. B.
name: Chandra, P.
name: Cummings, J. R.
name: Fox, D. B.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Immler, S.
name: Kasliwal, M.
name: Kong, A. K. H.
name: Krimm, H. A.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Maccarone, T. J.
name: Meszaros, P.
name: Nakar, E.
name: O'Brien, P. T.
name: Overzier, R. A.
name: de Pasquale, M.
name: Racusin, J.
name: Rea, N.
name: York, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive stars end their short lives in spectacular explosions, supernovae, that synthesize new elements and drive galaxy evolution. Throughout history supernovae were discovered chiefly through their delayed optical light, preventing observations in the first moments (hours to days) following the explosion. As a result, the progenitors of some supernovae and the events leading up to their violent demise remain intensely debated. Here we report the serendipitous discovery of a supernova at the time of explosion, marked by an extremely luminous X-ray outburst. We attribute the outburst to the break-out of the supernova shock-wave from the progenitor, and show that the inferred rate of such events agrees with that of all core-collapse supernovae. We forecast that future wide-field X-ray surveys will catch hundreds of supernovae each year in the act of explosion, and thereby enable crucial neutrino and gravitational wave detections that may ultimately unravel the explosion mechanism.
description: Article to appear in the May 22 issue of Nature. Final version: 21 pages, 5 figures. High resolution figures and Supplementary Information available at http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~alicia/SN2008D/ Note: the results presented in this paper are under embargo by Nature until the publication date
Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase and casein kinase 2 in regulation of cell proliferation during development of the secondary palate in quail
Creators: name: Hehn, Brent Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A study was undertaken to investigate: (1) the kinetics of cell proliferation; (2) the activity of two protein kinases, MAPK and CK2, that are implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation; (3) the effect of a growth factor, EGF, on the proliferation of cultured quail palate mesenchymal cells (QPMC); and (4) the activity of MAPK and CK2 following E G F treatment of cultured QPMC. Initially, an in vivo/in vitro comparison of developing quail was performed to validate the whole embryo culture technique. The data showed that, on the basis of C R L and developmental staging method, the in vitro (whole embryo culture) embryos developed in a manner similar to their in vivo counterparts. The whole embryo culture was then used to analyze the cell proliferation kinetics by 3H-thymidine autoradiography during quail palate morphogenesis. The results indicated that the rate of cell proliferation declined with the advancing morphogenesis of quail palate. Subsequently, embryonic palates were dissected at 24 hour intervals between days 5 and 9 of incubation and homogenized. Isolated proteins from the homogenate were fractionated by FPLC, and analyzed by phosphotransferase assays, scintillation counting, and Western blotting to detect the presence and activation of two second-messenger independent protein kinases, MAPK and CK2, implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation. The results showed that phosphotransferase activity towards MBP showed a negative, whereas that towards phosvitin showed a positive correlation with proliferation of QPMC. Western blotting indicated that both MAPK and C K 2 were present during quail palate development. Finally, growth behaviour of QPMC in primary cell culture was analyzed. The results showed that the number of Q P M C increased faster in EGF-treated than in control cultures. E G F stimulated phosphotransferase activity towards MBP and phosvitin, and Western blotting indicated that both MAPK and CK2 were activated. It was suggested that both MAPK and CK2 may be involved in growth factor regulated cell proliferation during the palate development.
A search for a counterpart of the unidentified gamma-ray source 3EG J2020+4017 (2CG078+2)
Creators: name: Weisskopf, Martin C.
name: Swartz, Douglas A.
name: Carraminana, Alberto
name: Carrasco, Luis
name: Kaplan, David L.
name: Becker, Werner
name: Elsner, Ronald F.
name: Kanbach, Gottfried
name: O'Dell, Stephen L.
name: Tennant, Allyn F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report observations with the Chandra X-ray Observatory of a field in the gamma$-Cygni supernova remnant (SNR78.2+2.1) centered on the cataloged location of the unidentified, bright gamma-ray source 3EG J2020+4017. In this search for an X-ray counterpart to the gamma-ray source, we detected 30 X-ray sources. Of these, we found 17 strong-candidate counterparts in optical (visible through near-infrared) cataloged and an additional 3 through our optical observations. Based upon colors and (for several objects) optical spectra, nearly all the optically identified objects appear to be reddened main-sequence stars. None of the X-ray sources with an optical counterpart is a plausible X-ray counterpart to 3EG J2020+4017 --if that gamma-ray source is a spin-powered pulsar. Many of the 10 X-ray sources lacking optical counterparts are likely (extragalactic) active galactic nuclei, based upon the sky density of such sources. Although one of the 10 optically unidentified X-ray sources could be the gamma-ray source, there is no auxiliary evidence supporting such an identification.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ
A structure-function analysis of a Rho GTPase exchange factor (GEF)-GTPase activating protein (GAP) interaction
Creators: name: Fraval, Hamilton
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: QP609.R49 F73 2011
subject: Rho GTPases
subject: Molecular genetics
subject: Phosphorylation
subject: Drosophila

description: Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division where major rearrangements of the cytoskeleton occur that result in the formation and constriction of a contractile ring at the equator of the cell. The GTPase Rho is essential for cytokinesis and it is the role of the Rho GTPase Exchange Factor (GEF) Pbl to stimulate the accumulation of an equatorial band of active Rho. Accumulation of Pbl at the midzone requires an interaction with the GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) Tum, which forms a heterotetrameric complex with the microtubule motor protein Pavarotti (Pav). It is the motor activity of Pav that localizes Pbl and Tum to the equator where they activate downstream cytokinetic effectors and thereby induce contractile ring formation and constriction. However, the mechanism/s regulate the Pbl-Tum interaction during cytokinesis are unknown. This thesis describes two strategies that probe the Pbl-Tum interaction using a structure-function analysis. The first strategy details attempts to over-express and purify Pbl and Tum in an effort to obtain enough pure protein with which to perform structural studies. The second strategy compares the effect of wild-type and mutant transgenes to identify phosphorylation events that mediate the Pbl-Tum interaction. Through this work I identified a previously uncharacterized phosphorylation event in Tum that is required to bind and localize Pbl to the equator in vivo in Drosophila.
The Faddeev-Reshetikhin model from a 4D Chern-Simons theory
Creators: name: Fukushima, Osamu
name: Sakamoto, Jun-ichi
name: Yoshida, Kentaroh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the Faddeev-Reshetikhin (FR) model from a four-dimensional Chern- Simons theory with two order surface defects by following the work by Costello and Yamazaki [arXiv:1908.02289]. Then we present a trigonometric deformation of the FR model by employing a boundary condition with an R-operator of Drinfeld-Jimbo type. This is a generalization of the work by Delduc, Lacroix, Magro and Vicedo [arXiv:1909.13824] from the disorder surface defect case to the order one.
description: 20 pages
Additional file 1 of Three new LmbU targets outside lmb cluster inhibit lincomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces lincolnensis
Creators: name: Mao, Yue
name: Zhang, Xianyan
name: Zhou, Tianyu
name: Hou, Bingbing
name: Ye, Jiang
name: Wu, Haizhen
name: Wang, Ruida
name: Zhang, Huizhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. EMSA of His6-LmbU (0, 3.2, 6.4 and 9.6 µM) with the negative probe. Fig. S2. Construction and identification of S. lincolnensis lmbU disruption mutant ΔlmbU. Fig. S3. Functional domains and sequence alignment of SLINC_0469. Fig. S4. Growth curves of S. lincolnensis strains NRRL 2936, ΔSLINC_0469, ΔSLINC_1037, and ΔSLINC_8097. Fig. S5. Functional domains and sequence alignment of SLINC_1037. Fig. S6. Functional domains and sequence alignment of SLINC_8097. Fig. S7. Effect of three new LmbU targets towards lincomycin production. Table S1. Primers used in this study.
HI aperture synthesis and optical observations of the pair of galaxies NGC 6907 and 6908
Creators: name: Scarano, S.
name: Madsen, Felipe R. H.
name: Roy, Nirupam
name: Lépine, J. R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC 6908, a S0 galaxy situated in direction of NGC 6907, was only recently recognized as a distinct galaxy, instead of only a part of NGC 6907. We present 21 cm radio synthesis observations obtained with the GMRT and optical images and spectroscopy obtained with the Gemini North telescope of this pair of interacting galaxies. From the radio observations we obtained the velocity field and the HI column density map of the whole region containing the NGC 6907/8 pair, and by means of the Gemini multi-object spectroscopy we obtained high quality photometric images and $5 Å$ resolution spectra sampling the two galaxies. By comparing the rotation curve of NGC 6907 obtained from the two opposite sides around the main kinematic axis, we were able to distinguish the normal rotational velocity field from the velocity components produced by the interaction between the two galaxies. Taking into account the rotational velocity of NGC 6907 and the velocity derived from the absorption lines for NGC 6908, we verified that the relative velocity between these systems is lower than 60 km s$^{-1}$. The emission lines observed in the direction of NGC 6908, not typical of S0 galaxies, have the same velocity expected for the NGC 6907 rotation curve. Some of them, superimposed on the absorption profiles, which reinforces the idea that they were not formed in NGC 6908. Finally, the HI profile exhibits details of the interaction, showing three components: one for NGC 6908, another for the excited gas in the NGC 6907 disk and a last one for the gas with higher relative velocities left behind NGC 6908 by dynamical friction, used to estimate the time when the interaction started in $(3.4 \pm 0.6)\times10^7$ years ago.
description: 11 pages, 5 tables, 13 figures. Corrected typos. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. The definitive version will be available at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com
Anisotropic perturbations due to dark energy
Creators: name: Battye, Richard A.
name: Moss, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variety of observational tests seem to suggest that the universe is anisotropic. This is incompatible with the standard dogma based on adiabatic, rotationally invariant perturbations. We point out that this is a consequence of the standard decomposition of the stress-energy tensor for the cosmological fluids, and that rotational invariance need not be assumed, if there is elastic rigidity in the dark energy. The dark energy required to achieve this might be provided by point symmetric domain wall network with $P/ρ=-2/3$, although the concept is more general. We illustrate this with reference to a model with cubic symmetry and discuss various aspects of the model.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
SUPER III. Broad Line Region properties of AGN at z$\sim$2
Creators: name: Vietri, G.
name: Mainieri, V.
name: Kakkad, D.
name: Netzer, H.
name: Perna, M.
name: Circosta, C.
name: Harrison, C. M.
name: Zappacosta, L.
name: Husemann, B.
name: Padovani, P.
name: Bischetti, M.
name: Bongiorno, A.
name: Brusa, M.
name: Carniani, S.
name: Cicone, C.
name: Comastri, A.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Feruglio, C.
name: Fiore, F.
name: Lanzuisi, G.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Marconi, A.
name: Piconcelli, E.
name: Puglisi, A.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Schramm, M.
name: Schulze, A.
name: Scholtz, J.
name: Vignali, C.
name: Zamorani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SINFONI survey for Unveiling the Physics and Effect of Radiative feedback (SUPER) was designed to conduct a blind search for AGN-driven outflows on X-ray selected AGN at redshift z$\sim$2 with high ($\sim$2 kpc) spatial resolution, and correlate them to the properties of the host galaxy and central black hole. The main aims of this paper are: a) to derive reliable estimates for the BH mass and accretion rates for the Type-1 AGN in this survey; b) to characterize the properties of the AGN driven winds in the BLR. We analyzed rest-frame optical and UV spectra of 21 Type-1 AGN. We found that the BH masses estimated from H$α$ and H$β$ lines are in agreement. We estimate BH masses in the range Log(M$\rm_{BH}/M_{\odot}$)=8.4-10.8 and Eddington ratios $\rmλ_{Edd}$ =0.04-1.3. We confirm that the CIV line width does not correlate with the Balmer lines and the peak of the line profile is blue-shifted with respect to the [OIII]-based systemic redshift. These findings support the idea that the CIV line is tracing outflowing gas in the BLR, with velocities up to $\sim$4700 km/s. We confirm the strong dependence of the BLR wind velocity with the UV-to-Xray continuum slope, L$\rm_{Bol}$ and $\rmλ_{Edd}$. We inferred BLR mass outflow rates in the range 0.005-3 M$_{\odot}$/yr, showing a correlation with the bolometric luminosity consistent with that observed for ionized winds in the NLR and X-ray winds detected in local AGN, and kinetic power $\sim$10$^{[-7:-4]}\times$ L$\rm_{Bol}$. Finally, we found an anti-correlation between the equivalent width of the [OIII] line with respect to the CIV shift, and a positive correlation with [OIII] outflow velocity. These findings, for the first time in an unbiased sample of AGN at z$\sim$2, support a scenario where BLR winds are connected to galaxy scale detected outflows, and are capable of affecting the gas in the NLR located at kpc scale.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Van Vleck excitons in Ca$_{2}$RuO$_{4}$
Creators: name: Sarte, P. M.
name: Stock, C.
name: Ortiz, B. R.
name: Hong, K. H.
name: Wilson, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A framework is presented for modeling and understanding magnetic excitations in localized, intermediate coupling magnets where the interplay between spin-orbit coupling, magnetic exchange, and crystal field effects are known to create a complex landscape of unconventional magnetic behaviors and ground states. A spin-orbit exciton approach for modeling these excitations is developed based upon a Hamiltonian which explicitly incorporates single-ion crystalline electric field and spin exchange terms. This framework is then leveraged to understand a canonical Van Vleck $j\rm{_{eff}}=0$ singlet ground state whose excitations are coupled spin and crystalline electric field levels. Specifically, the anomalous Higgs mode [Jain et al. Nat. Phys. 13, 633 (2017)], spin-waves [S. Kunkemöller et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 247201 (2015)], and orbital excitations [L. Das et al. Phys. Rev. X 8, 011048 (2018)] in the multiorbital Mott insulator Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ are captured and good agreement is found with previous neutron and inelastic x-ray spectroscopic measurements. Furthermore, our results illustrate how a crystalline electric field-induced singlet ground state can support coherent longitudinal, or amplitude excitations, and transverse wavelike dynamics. We use this description to discuss mechanisms for accessing a nearby critical point.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of fecal incontinence in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Zahed, Ghazal
name: Fatahi, Somaye
name: Tabatabaee, Leila
name: Imanzadeh, Negar
name: Seraj, Shaikh Sanjid
name: Wolters, Benjamin Hernández
name: Hosseini, Amirhossein
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Fast radio burst repeaters produced via Kozai-Lidov feeding of neutron stars in binary systems
Creators: name: Decoene, Valentin
name: Kotera, Kumiko
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron stars are likely surrounded by gas, debris, and asteroid belts. Kozai-Lidov perturbations, induced by a distant, but gravitationally bound companion, can trigger the infall of such orbiting bodies onto a central compact object. These effects could lead to the emission of fast radio bursts (FRBs), for example by asteroid-induced magnetic wake fields in the wind of the compact object. A few percent of binary neutron star systems in the Universe, such as neutron star-main sequence star, neutron star-white dwarf, double neutron star, and neutron star-black hole systems, can account for the observed non-repeating FRB rates. More remarkably, we find that wide and close companion orbits lead to non-repeating and repeating sources, respectively, and they allow for one to compute a ratio between repeating and non-repeating sources of a few percent, which is in close agreement with the observations. Three major predictions can be made from our scenario, which can be tested in the coming years: 1) most repeaters should stop repeating after a period between 10 years to a few decades, as their asteroid belts become depleted; 2) some non-repeaters could occasionally repeat, if we hit the short period tail of the FRB period distribution; and 3) series of sub-Jansky level short radio bursts could be observed as electromagnetic counterparts of the mergers of binary neutron star systems.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, 3 appendices, accepted in A&A (November 26 2020)
Slow dynamics in a primitive tetrahedral network model
Creators: name: De Michele, C.
name: Tartaglia, P.
name: Sciortino, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report extensive Monte Carlo and event-driven molecular dynamics simulations of the fluid and liquid phase of a primitive model for silica recently introduced by Ford, Auerbach and Monson [J. Chem. Phys. 17, 8415 (2004)]. We evaluate the iso-diffusivity lines in the temperature-density plane to provide an indication of the shape of the glass transition line. Except for large densities, arrest is driven by the onset of the tetrahedral bonding pattern and the resulting dynamics is strong in the Angell's classification scheme. We compare structural and dynamic properties with corresponding results of two recently studied primitive models of network forming liquids -- a primitive model for water and a angular-constraint free model of four-coordinated particles -- to pin down the role of the geometric constraints associated to the bonding. Eventually we discuss the similarities between "glass" formation in network forming liquids and "gel" formation in colloidal dispersions of patchy particles.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Hand proximity effect: The role of space, object and disengagement
Creators: name: Thomas, Tony
name: Sunny, Meera
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: It has been argued that objects appearing near the hands enjoy enhanced visual processing. Enhanced spatial prioritization is thought to underlie the hand-proximity effect. It has also been suggested that a slower attentional disengagement from objects near the hands is more critical. In two experiments, we pit the two accounts against each other to better understand the hand proximity effect. Participants completed a visual search task with their hands either on the monitor or on their lap. When on the monitor, the target could appear near the hand or farther away. Consistent with the disengagement account, search was more efficient in the lap condition as compared with the hand condition. However, consistent with the spatial prioritization account, search was more efficient in the near as opposed to far condition. In Exp 2, where items crowded only near or far from the hand, rendering the respective far/near location empty, all three conditions showed the same search slopes, further discrediting slower disengagement as an explanation. It also shows that the objects, not space near the hands are prioritized. That is, when there are no objects near the hand, the far condition is as efficient as near and no-hand condition.
Modelling tumour evolution to inform therapeutic failure
Creators: name: Lara, Luis
name: Goode, David
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Solid tumours are evolving ecosystems that display extensive intratumor heterogeneity, which is a marker of poor prognosis and drug resistance. In silico modelling coupled with sequencing is  providing a framework to explore the evolutionary dynamics of tumour growth. Our aim is to extend  reported models in the context of tumour response and relapse caused by chemotherapy.

We modelled tumour evolution as a discrete time branching process, starting with a single clone which spawns clonal diversity as driver mutations are acquired. New clones gain a slight  proliferation advantage relative to their parent, and randomised fluctuations of their mutation rates. During tumorigenesis, proliferation is subject to a size-dependent penalties. Once the tumour attains a diagnosable size (1 to 3 billion cells) a new penalty is added to model the effects of chemotherapy, implemented as a mitotic phase-specific penalty impacting clonal proliferation rates.

Preliminary results show diverse tumour development rates, in which genomic instability promotes clonal diversification, thereby leading to oncogenic traits. This parallels with the morphological and physiological properties of inter and intratumour heterogeneity faced by clinicians. Despite these, few available tools study chemotherapeutic schemes.

The current aim, is to compare existing and hypothetical treatment regimes to determine which are best at suppressing the emergence of highly resistant clones–which would take several years to perform in the clinic. Exhaustive simulation, and data analysis are required to finalise our model.  The ultimate goal is to better understand dynamics of tumour evolution in response to drugs to design more effective therapies.
Hijama Nation
Creators: name: Hijama Nation
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: hijama
hijama training

description: Hijama Nation is an online cupping therapy course. Hijama Cupping Therapy essentially detoxifies and cleanses the body, by drawing toxic blood from the body. This produces new blood cells and strengthens the immune system. Cupping is also useful to treat muscular and skeletal issues.
Theoretical Analysis of the Reduction of Neel Temperature in La$_{2}$(Cu$_{1-x}$Zn(or Mg)$_x)$O$_{4}$
Creators: name: Edagawa, T.
name: Fukumoto, Y.
name: Oguchi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Tyablikov's decoupling approximation, we calculate the initial suppression rate of the Neel temperature, $R_{IS}=-lim_{x-> 0} T^{-1}_{N} dT_{N}/dx$, in a quasi two-dimensional diluted Heisenberg antiferromagnet with nonmagnetic impurities of concentration $x$. In order to explain an experimental fact that $R^{(Zn)}_{IS}=3.4$ of the Zn-substitution is different from $R^{(Mg)}_{IS}=3.0$ of the Mg-substitution, we propose a model in which impurity substitution reduces the intra-plane exchange couplings surrounding impurities, as well as dilution of spin systems. The decrease of 12% in exchange coupling constants by Zn substitution and decrease of 6% by Mg substitution explain those two experimental results, when an appropriate value of the interplane coupling is used.
description: 2 pages, 3 figures
Pairing function of visual binary stars
Creators: name: Chulkov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An all-sky sample of 1227 visual binaries based on Washington Double Star catalogue is constructed to infer the IMF, mass ratio, and projected distance distribution with a dedicated population synthesis model. Parallaxes from Gaia DR2 and Hipparcos are used to verify the distance distribution. The model is validated on the single-star Tycho-2 sample and successfully reproduces the observed magnitudes and angular separations. The projected separation distribution follows $f(s)\sim s^{-1.2}$ in $10^2 - 2\cdot10^3$ AU range for 1--4.5 $m_{\odot}$ primary stars. Several algorithms are explored as pairing functions. Random pairing is confidently rejected. Primary-constrained (PCP) and split-core pairing (SCP), the scenarios adopting primary component's or total system's mass as fundamental, are considered. The preferred IMF slope is $α\sim 2.8$ either way. A simple power-law mass ratio distribution is unlikely, but the introduction of a twin excess provides a favourable result. PCP with $f(q) \sim q^{-1}$ is preferred with a tiny twin fraction, models with $f(q) \sim q^{-1.5}$ are acceptable when a larger twin excess is allowed. SCP is similar to PCP when a larger slope of the power law is adopted: $f(q)\sim q^{β+0.7}$.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures. MNRAS, Accepted 2020 November 13
PhosphoPICK: Predicting kinase-specific phosphorylation sites through protein context and sequence
Creators: name: Patrick, Ralph
name: Bostjan Kobe
name: Kim-Anh Le Cao
name: Boden, Mikael
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The determinants of kinase-substrate binding can be found both in the substrate sequence, and the surrounding cellular context. Activating/mediating proteins, sub-cellular localization and cell-cycle specific expression of kinases and their substrates  all contribute towards maintaining kinase-substrate specificity. While much work has focused on methods to predict kinase-specific phosphorylation sites from sequence, the presence of a valid binding pattern is no guarantee that a kinase will come into contact with the protein. Few studies have attempted to leverage the cellular context that kinases operate in, and incomplete coverage and variable certainty amongst available context data means incorporating context features into a model is non-trivial.

We present Bayesian network models that integrate these sequence and context factors in order to firstly determine the probability of a kinase targeting a query protein, and secondly, identify the most likely binding sites within the protein's sequence. The models integrate known kinase-substrate relationships, protein-protein interactions, and protein abundance across the cell cycle. Kinase binding patterns are represented using position-specific amino acid and k-mer frequencies. Our method, PhosphoPICK, shows reliable prediction accuracy, obtaining an average AUC of 0.81 for human kinase substrate prediction.  When comparing its ability to predict kinase-specific phosphorylation sites with alternative methods, we find PhosphoPICK obtains superior performance for most comparisons made — particularly with methods operating on sequence alone. The results demonstrate that PhosphoPICK can ably integrate context and sequence, and provide a robust description of the regulation of kinase-protein phosphorylation.
Additional file 1 of Elderly patients with non-specific complaints at the emergency department have a high risk for admission and 30-days mortality
Creators: name: Erwander, Karin
name: Ivarsson, Kjell
name: Olsson, Mona Landin
name: Agvall, Björn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Describes diagnostic groups categorized according to the International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10).
Instabilities of an anisotropically expanding non-Abelian plasma: 1D+3V discretized hard-loop simulations
Creators: name: Rebhan, Anton
name: Strickland, Michael
name: Attems, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Abelian plasma instabilities play a crucial role in the nonequilibrium dynamics of a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma and they importantly modify the standard perturbative bottom-up thermalization scenario in heavy-ion collisions. Using the auxiliary-field formulation of the hard-loop effective theory, we study numerically the real time evolution of instabilities in an anisotropic collisionless Yang-Mills plasma expanding longitudinally in free streaming. In this first real-time lattice simulation we consider the most unstable modes, long-wavelength coherent color fields that are constant in transverse directions and which therefore are effectively 1+1-dimensional in spacetime, except for the auxiliary fields which also depend on discretized momentum rapidity and transverse velocity components. We reproduce the semi-analytical results obtained previously for the Abelian regime and we determine the nonlinear effects which occur when the instabilities have grown such that non-Abelian interactions become important.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures; v2 minor updates to figures and text; v3 streamlined notation, minor additions to text
Miscellaneous content
Creators: name: Caster, Amelia
name: Halpern, Abraham M.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: yum

description: 2 WAV files. Side A of tape is blank. For associated notebook, see Margaret Langdon Papers (Bancroft Library), carton 10, folder 6. Digitization by The Audio Archive (Burlingame, California).
Pollen Grain Microscopic Image Classification Using an Ensemble of Fine-Tuned Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Mahbod, Amirreza
name: Schaefer, Gerald
name: Ecker, Rupert
name: Ellinger, Isabella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pollen grain micrograph classification has multiple applications in medicine and biology. Automatic pollen grain image classification can alleviate the problems of manual categorisation such as subjectivity and time constraints. While a number of computer-based methods have been introduced in the literature to perform this task, classification performance needs to be improved for these methods to be useful in practice. In this paper, we present an ensemble approach for pollen grain microscopic image classification into four categories: Corylus Avellana well-developed pollen grain, Corylus Avellana anomalous pollen grain, Alnus well-developed pollen grain, and non-pollen (debris) instances. In our approach, we develop a classification strategy that is based on fusion of four state-of-the-art fine-tuned convolutional neural networks, namely EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetB1, EfficientNetB2 and SeResNeXt-50 deep models. These models are trained with images of three fixed sizes (224x224, 240x240, and 260x260 pixels) and their prediction probability vectors are then fused in an ensemble method to form a final classification vector for a given pollen grain image. Our proposed method is shown to yield excellent classification performance, obtaining an accuracy of of 94.48% and a weighted F1-score of 94.54% on the ICPR 2020 Pollen Grain Classification Challenge training dataset based on five-fold cross-validation. Evaluated on the test set of the challenge, our approach achieved a very competitive performance in comparison to the top ranked approaches with an accuracy and a weighted F1-score of 96.28% and 96.30%, respectively.
description: Accepted for the Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Applications workshop at the 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2020)
Measuring the effective complexity of cosmological models
Creators: name: Kunz, Martin
name: Trotta, Roberto
name: Parkinson, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a statistical measure of the effective model complexity, called the Bayesian complexity. We demonstrate that the Bayesian complexity can be used to assess how many effective parameters a set of data can support and that it is a useful complement to the model likelihood (the evidence) in model selection questions. We apply this approach to recent measurements of cosmic microwave background anisotropies combined with the Hubble Space Telescope measurement of the Hubble parameter. Using mildly non-informative priors, we show how the 3-year WMAP data improves on the first-year data by being able to measure both the spectral index and the reionization epoch at the same time. We also find that a non-zero curvature is strongly disfavored. We conclude that although current data could constrain at least seven effective parameters, only six of them are required in a scheme based on the Lambda-CDM concordance cosmology.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, revised version accepted for publication in PRD, updated with WMAP3 results
A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).IX. The effects of ram pressure stripping down to the scale of individual HII regions in the dwarf galaxy IC 3476
Creators: name: Boselli, A.
name: Lupi, A.
name: Epinat, B.
name: Amram, P.
name: Fossati, M.
name: Anderson, J. P.
name: Boissier, S.
name: Boquien, M.
name: Consolandi, G.
name: Cote, P.
name: Cuillandre, J. C.
name: Ferrarese, L.
name: Galbany, L.
name: Gavazzi, G.
name: Gomez-Lopez, J. A.
name: Gwyn, S.
name: Hensler, G.
name: Hutchings, J.
name: Kuncarayakti, H.
name: Longobardi, A.
name: Peng, E. W.
name: Plana, H.
name: Postma, J.
name: Roediger, J.
name: Roehlly, Y.
name: Schimd, C.
name: Trinchieri, G.
name: Vollmer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the IB(s)m galaxy IC 3476 observed in the context of VESTIGE, a blind narrow-band Halpha+[NII] imaging survey of the Virgo cluster. The deep narrow-band (NB) image reveals a very pertubed ionised gas distribution, characterised by a prominent banana-shaped structure in the front of the galaxy formed of giant HII regions crossing the stellar disc, with star forming structures at ~8 kpc from the edges of the stellar disc, detected also in a deep FUV ASTROSAT/UVIT image. This particular morphology indicates that the galaxy is undergoing an almost edge-on ram pressure stripping event. The NB image also shows that the star formation activity is totally quenched in the leading edge of the disc, where the gas has been removed during the interaction. The SED fitting analysis indicates that this quenching episode is very recent (~50 Myr), and roughly corresponds to an increase of the star formation activity in the inner regions with respect to what expected for secular evolution. The analysis of these data, whose angular resolution allows the study of the induced effects of the perturbation down to the scale of individual HII regions, also suggests that the increase of the star formation activity is due to the compression of the gas along the stellar disc of the galaxy, which is able to increase its mean electron density and boost the star formation process producing bright HII regions. The hydrodynamic interaction has deeply perturbed the velocity field of the ionised gas component while leaving unaffected that of the stellar disc. The comparison of the data with hydrodynamic simulations accounting for the different gas phases (atomic, molecular, ionised) consistently indicates that the perturbing event is very recent, once again confirming that ram pressure stripping is a violent phenomenon able to perturb on short timescales the evolution of galaxies in rich environments.
description: Accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics
Meteorological influences on sea surface temperatures in Queen Charlotte Sound
Creators: name: Faucher, Manon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Short-term variations of sea surface temperatures (SST) over Queen Charlotte Sound have been poorly understood, mainly due to the lack of data, and therefore hardly predictable. A potentially important consequence of SST variations is the choice of salmon homeward migratory route, which has a significant impact on commercial fisheries. Until recently, predictions of fish migration routes have been made by using SST data at Kains Island, one of the lighthouse stations at the northern end of Vancouver Island. Since the early nineties, AES buoy stations have provided a new set of hourly SST in offshore waters, which may be a better representation of the fish marine environment. This thesis is using visual inspection, statistical analysis and AVHRR satellite imagery to show that the SST at Kains Island do not represent those over the main portion of the Queen Charlotte Sound, but only the SST within 20 km to 30 km from the coast. The SST at the buoy 46207 gives a better representation of the area. Furthermore, the most significant SST variations are caused by upwelling associated with an offshore high pressure system and a lee trough along the west coast of Vancouver Island.
New Donors, same old practices? Development cooperation policies of middle-income countries.
Creators: name: Robledo-Lopez, Carmen
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Development cooperation
Foreign aid
South-South Cooperation
Middle-income countries
Emerging donors
New donors
Non-DAC donors
Development assistance providers
Southern providers

description: This thesis offers a framework to analyse the international action and the domestic repercussions caused by the engagement of middle-income countries (MICs) in global governance. Building from the cases of Mexican and Brazilian development assistance policies, this research analyses the motivations driving MICs to act as providers of development assistance. The thesis argues that MICs are increasingly using development assistance as a foreign policy tool in a similar manner to traditional donors. The key difference is MICs’ focus on becoming a donor as a way to increase international reputation, prestige, image and respect, elements that in their perception are crucial to gain influence and to actively participate in global decision-making. A desire for improved reputation pushes MICs to pursue domestic transformations. By mirroring international standards MICs get approval from the North and the success of their development models produces the admiration of the South, transforming MICs into bridging actors with the capability to collect consensus from the North and from the South. Conversely, when MICs aim to build consensus around their own initiatives, they actively resist attempts to implement standards that may imply transformation of institutional settings, bureaucratic structures and practices along the lines of Western regimes. Consensus builders bet on the success of their public policy models to gain admiration and support from less developed countries. Support that provides consensus builders leverage to contest Western hegemony and to challenge established regimes. Given the limited works on the motivations driving ODA (official development assistance) and few studies on emerging donors, this thesis presents a theoretical framework based on North-South ODA. The practices of ten traditional donors are analysed by breaking down the interplay of four policy-making variables (institutions, bureaucracy, interest groups and non-material factors). This framework is further developed for the analysis of the two case-studies, Mexico and Brazil. Empirical research is supported with evidence collected through 43 semi-structured interviews. The choice of within case-analysis and process tracing as methods of enquiry relies on the advantages offered for small-n research. The thesis concludes that the methodological tools developed in these pages can also be used to analyse other domains of global governance. While the main objective of this research is to better understand the underlining motivations of South-South Cooperation and its use as a foreign policy tool. This study opens avenues for further examination on the aspirations of MICs in global politics beyond the development-aid agenda.
Symmetry, Gravity and Noncommutativity
Creators: name: Szabo, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review some aspects of the implementation of spacetime symmetries in noncommutative field theories, emphasizing their origin in string theory and how they may be used to construct theories of gravitation. The geometry of canonical noncommutative gauge transformations is analysed in detail and it is shown how noncommutative Yang-Mills theory can be related to a gravity theory. The construction of twisted spacetime symmetries and their role in constructing a noncommutative extension of general relativity is described. We also analyse certain generic features of noncommutative gauge theories on D-branes in curved spaces, treating several explicit examples of superstring backgrounds.
description: 52 pages; Invited review article to be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity; v2: references added
Cosmic-ray spectra of primary protons and high altitude muons deconvolved from observed atmospheric gamma rays
Creators: name: Yoshida, K.
name: Ohmori, R.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Komori, Y.
name: Sato, Y.
name: Nishimura, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed atmospheric gamma rays from 30GeV to 8TeV, using emulsion chambers at balloon altitudes, accumulating the largest total exposure in this energy range to date, SOT ~ 6.66m^2.sr.day. At very high altitudes, with residual overburden only a few g/cm^2, atmospheric gamma rays are mainly produced by a single interaction of primary cosmic rays with overlying atmospheric nuclei. Thus, we can use these gamma rays to study the spectrum of primary cosmic rays and their products in the atmosphere. From the observed atmospheric gamma ray spectrum, we deconvolved the primary cosmic-ray proton spectrum, assuming appropriate hadronic interaction models. Our deconvolved proton spectrum covers the energy range from 200GeV to 50TeV, which fills a gap in the currently available primary cosmic-ray proton spectra. We also estimated the atmospheric muon spectrum above 30GeV at high altitude from our gamma-ray spectrum, almost without reference to the primary cosmic rays, and compared the estimated flux with direct muon observations below 10GeV.
description: 13pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in PRD