cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Implications of the $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$ anomalies
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
name: Zhao, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the implications of the recently reported $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$ anomalies, the lepton flavor non-universality in the $B\to K\ell^+\ell^-$ and $B\to K^*\ell^+\ell^-$. Using two sets of hadronic inputs of form factors, we perform a fit of the new physics to the $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$ data, and significant new physics contributions are found. We suggest to study the lepton flavor universality in a number of related rare $B, B_s, B_c$ and $Λ_b$ decay channels, and in particular we give the predictions for the $μ$-to-$e$ ratios of decay widths with different polarizations of the final state particles, and of the $b\to d\ell^+\ell^-$ processes which are presumably more sensitive to the structure of the underlying new physics. With the new physics contributions embedded in Wilson coefficients, we present theoretical predictions for lepton flavor non-universality in these processes.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. To appear in Chinese Physics C
Detecting planetary mass companions near the water frost-line using JWST interferometry
Creators: name: Ray, Shrishmoy
name: Hinkley, Sasha
name: Sallum, Steph
name: Bonavita, Mariangela
name: Squicciarini, Vito
name: Carter, Aarynn L.
name: Lazzoni, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: JWST promises to be the most versatile infrared observatory for the next two decades. The Near Infrared and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) instrument, when used in the Aperture Masking Interferometry (AMI) mode, will provide an unparalleled combination of angular resolution and sensitivity compared to any existing observatory at mid-infrared wavelengths. Using simulated observations in conjunction with evolutionary models, we present the capability of this mode to image planetary mass companions around nearby stars at small orbital separations near the circumstellar water frost-line for members of the young, kinematic moving groups Beta Pictoris, TW Hydrae, as well as the Taurus-Auriga association. We show that for appropriately chosen stars, JWST/NIRISS operating in the AMI mode can image sub-Jupiter companions near the water frost-lines with ~68% confidence. Among these, M-type stars are the most promising. We also show that this JWST mode will improve the minimum inner working angle by as much as ~50% in most cases when compared to the survey results from the best ground-based exoplanet direct imaging facilities (e.g. VLT/SPHERE). We also discuss how the NIRISS/AMI mode will be especially powerful for the mid-infrared characterization of the numerous exoplanets expected to be revealed by Gaia. When combined with dynamical masses from Gaia, such measurements will provide a much more robust characterization of the initial entropies of these young planets, thereby placing powerful constraints on their early thermal histories.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
A randomized prospective study comparing the effect of low-volume bowel preparations for colonoscopy preparation in China
Creators: name: Shen, Jianwei
name: Sheng, Hong
name: He, Hui
name: Sun, Changbo
name: Han, Xufeng
name: Zhu, Xianjie
name: Wang, Chunwei
name: Shen, Ruiwei
name: Ye, Qunqun
name: Yuan, Xiaogang
name: Zhao, Qiang
name: Yang, Nuonan
name: Wang, Jiaqi
name: Lu, Ting
name: Chen, Dahua
name: Chen, Dawei
name: Lin, Jieqiong
name: Shao, Xiaona
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: To evaluate the effect of sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate (SPMC) and 3 L split-dose polyethylene glycol (PEG) with or without dimethicone on bowel preparation before colonoscopy. In this multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled study conducted from April 2021 to December 2021, consecutive adult patients scheduled for colonoscopy were prospectively randomized into four groups: SPMC, SPMC plus dimethicone, 3 L PEG, and 3 L PEG plus dimethicone. Primary endpoint was colon cleansing based on Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). Secondary endpoints were bubble score, time to cecal intubation, adenoma detection rate (ADR), patient safety and compliance, and adverse events. We enrolled 223 and 291 patients in SPMC and 3 L PEG group, respectively. The proportion with acceptable bowel cleansing, total BBPS score and cecal intubation time were similar in all four subgroups (p > 0.05). Patient-reported acceptability and tolerability was significantly greater in SPMC than 3 L PEG group (p < 0.001); adverse events were significantly lower in SPMC than latter group (p < 0.001). ADR in both groups was greater than 30%. SPMC had significantly higher acceptability and tolerability than 3 L PEG, however, was similar in terms of bowel-cleansing effect and cecal intubation time and hence can be used before colonoscopy preparation.
Different pole structures in line shapes of the $X(3872)$
Creators: name: Kang, Xian-Wei
name: Oller, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a near-threshold parameterization that is more general than the effective-range expansion up to and including the effective-range because it can also handle with a near-threshold zero in the $D^0\bar{D}^{*0}$ $S$-wave. In terms of it we analyze the CDF data on inclusive $p\bar{p}$ scattering to $J/ψπ^+π^-$, and the Belle and BaBar data on $B$ decays to $K\, J/ψπ^+π^-$ and $K D\bar{D}^{*0}$ around the $D^0\bar{D}^{*0}$ threshold. It is shown that data can be reproduced with similar quality for the $X(3872)$ being a bound {\it and/or} a virtual state. We also find that the $X(3872)$ might be a higher-order virtual-state pole (double or triplet pole), in the limit in which the small $D^{*0}$ width vanishes. Once the latter is restored the corrections to the pole position are non-analytic and much bigger than the $D^{*0}$ width itself. The $X(3872)$ compositeness coefficient in $D^0\bar{D}^{*0}$ ranges from nearly 0 up to 1 in the different scenarios.
description: 43 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables. The paper has been much extended. Extra algebraic derivations and matching with QFT models are also included
Clinical impact of MRI on indeterminate findings on contrast-enhanced CT suspicious of HCC
Creators: name: Kristiansen, Mona Kjærbøl
name: Larsen, Lars Peter
name: Villadsen, Gerda Elisabeth
name: Sørensen, Michael
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Virology

description: In patients evaluated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used secondarily when multiphase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (ceCT) is inconclusive. We investigated the clinical impact of adding MRI. This single-institution retrospective study included 48 MRI scans (44 patients) conducted from May 2016 to July 2023 due to suspicion of HCC on a multiphase ceCT scan. Data included medical history, preceding and subsequent imaging, histology when available, and decisions made at multidisciplinary team meetings. In case of possible HCC recurrence, 63% of the MRI scans were diagnostic of HCC. For 80% of the negative MRI scans, the patients were diagnosed with HCC within a median of 165 days in the suspicious area of the liver. In case of possible de-novo HCC in patients with cirrhosis, 22% of the scans were diagnostic of HCC and 33% of the negative MRI scans were of patients diagnosed with HCC within a median of 109 days. None of the non-cirrhotic patients with possible de-novo HCC and negative MRI scans (64%) were later diagnosed with HCC, but 3/5 of the indeterminate scans were of patients diagnosed with HCC in a biopsy. Secondary MRI to a multiphase ceCT scan suspicious of HCC is highly valuable in ruling out HCC in non-cirrhotic patients and in diagnosing HCC non-invasively in cirrhotic patients and patients with prior HCC. Patients with cirrhosis or prior HCC are still at high risk of having HCC if MRI results are inconclusive or negative.
Characteristics_of_non-financial_information_quality_–_from_the_perspective_of_investors_in_the_Neth.pdf
Creators: name: Nandram, P.K.
Publisher: name: University of Amsterdam / Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 15 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services

description: RDMP for Characteristics of non-financial information quality – from the perspective of investors in the Netherlands
A Search for Fast Radio Bursts with the GBNCC Pulsar Survey
Creators: name: Chawla, P.
name: Kaspi, V. M.
name: Josephy, A.
name: Rajwade, K. M.
name: Lorimer, D. R.
name: Archibald, A. M.
name: DeCesar, M. E.
name: Hessels, J. W. T.
name: Kaplan, D. L.
name: Karako-Argaman, C.
name: Kondratiev, V. I.
name: Levin, L.
name: Lynch, R. S.
name: McLaughlin, M. A.
name: Ransom, S. M.
name: Roberts, M. S. E.
name: Stairs, I. H.
name: Stovall, K.
name: Swiggum, J. K.
name: van Leeuwen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a search for Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) with the Green Bank Northern Celestial Cap (GBNCC) Pulsar Survey at 350 MHz. Pointings amounting to a total on-sky time of 61 days were searched to a DM of 3000 pc cm$^{-3}$ while the rest (23 days; 29% of the total time) were searched to a DM of 500 pc cm$^{-3}$. No FRBs were detected in the pointings observed through May 2016. We estimate a 95% confidence upper limit on the FRB rate of $3.6\times 10^3$ FRBs sky$^{-1}$ day$^{-1}$ above a peak flux density of 0.63 Jy at 350 MHz for an intrinsic pulse width of 5 ms. We place constraints on the spectral index $α$ by running simulations for different astrophysical scenarios and cumulative flux density distributions. The non-detection with GBNCC is consistent with the 1.4-GHz rate reported for the Parkes surveys for $α> +0.35 $ in the absence of scattering and free-free absorption and $α> -0.3$ in the presence of scattering, for a Euclidean flux distribution. The constraints imply that FRBs exhibit either a flat spectrum or a spectral turnover at frequencies above 400 MHz. These constraints also allow estimation of the number of bursts that can be detected with current and upcoming surveys. We predict that CHIME may detect anywhere from several to $\sim$50 FRBs a day (depending on model assumptions), making it well suited for interesting constraints on spectral index, the log $N$-log $S$ slope and pulse profile evolution across its bandwidth (400-800 MHz).
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Synthesis of infinite-layer nickelates and influence of the capping-layer on magnetotransport
Creators: name: Krieger, Guillaume
name: Raji, Aravind
name: Schlur, Laurent
name: Versini, Gilles
name: Bouillet, Corinne
name: Lenertz, Marc
name: Robert, Jérôme
name: Gloter, Alexandre
name: Viart, Nathalie
name: Preziosi, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of a zero-resistance state in nickel-based compounds has generated a re-excitement about the long-standing problem in condensed matter of high-critical-temperature superconductivity, in light of the analogies between infinite-layer nickelates and cuprates. However, despite some formal valence and crystal symmetry analogies, the electronic properties of infinite-layer nickelates are remarkably original accounting, among other properties, of a unique Nd5d-Ni3d hybridization. This designates infinite-layer nickelates as a new class of oxide superconductors which should be considered on their own. Here we report about Nd1-xSrxNiO2 (x = 0, 0.05 and 0.2) thin films synthesized with and without a SrTiO3 capping-layer, showing very smooth and step-terraced surface morphologies. Angle-dependent anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements performed with a magnetic field rotating in-plane or out-of-plane with respect to the sample surface, rendered important information about the magnetic properties of undoped SrTiO3-capped and uncapped samples. The results point at a key role of the capping-layer in controlling the magnitude and the anisotropy of the anisotropic magnetoresistance properties. We discuss this control in terms of a combined effect between the Nd-Ni hybridization and an intra-atomic exchange coupling between the Nd-4f and Nd-5d states, the latter essentially contributing to the (magneto)transport. Further studies foresee the influence of the capping layer on infinite-layer nickelates with no magnetic rare-earth.
Strong coupling corrections in quantum thermodynamics
Creators: name: Perarnau-Llobet, M.
name: Wilming, H.
name: Riera, A.
name: Gallego, R.
name: Eisert, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum systems strongly coupled to many-body systems equilibrate to the reduced state of a global thermal state, deviating from the local thermal state of the system as it occurs in the weak-coupling limit. Taking this insight as a starting point, we study the thermodynamics of systems strongly coupled to thermal baths. First, we provide strong-coupling corrections to the second law applicable to general systems in three of its different readings: As a statement of maximal extractable work, on heat dissipation, and bound to the Carnot efficiency. These corrections become relevant for small quantum systems and always vanish in first order in the interaction strength. We then move to the question of power of heat engines, obtaining a bound on the power enhancement due to strong coupling. Our results are exemplified on the paradigmatic situation of non-Markovian quantum Brownian motion.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, version two is substantially revised and contains new results
Effects on anorectal function of endoscopic submucosal dissection for rectal tumors involving the dentate line
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Yumie
name: Fukunaga, Shusei
name: Kanamori, Atsushi
name: Kono, Mitsuhiro
name: Ochiai, Tadashi
name: Ominami, Masaki
name: Otani, Koji
name: Hosomi, Shuhei
name: Tanaka, Fumio
name: Fujiwara, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Marine Biology
Cancer

description: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a specific procedure that uses an electrosurgical knife for en-bloc resectioning large tumors. However, no study has examined the effect of ESD on the defecation function of patients with rectal tumors. We aimed to investigate the potential effects caused by ESD by analyzing changes in the morphology and movement of the anorectum pre- and post-ESD. This prospective observational study included 11 patients with anorectal tumors who underwent ESD between April 2020 and February 2022. Pre-ESD assessments included anorectal manometry and defecography. Post-ESD assessments were conducted 2 months later, including anorectal manometry, defecography, and proctoscopy for ulcer and stenosis evaluation. The median patient age was 73 years, including seven males and four females. Eight patients (73%) had a tumor in the lower rectum, and the extent of resection was less than 50% of the rectal lumen. Resection reached the dentate line in six cases (55%). In the patients with post-ESD mucosal defects involving the dentate line, the median of functional anal canal length significantly decreased from (3.4 cm pre-ESD to 2.8 cm post-ESD, p = 0.04). Defecography revealed one case with incomplete evacuation (<50%) and incontinence post-ESD. Interestingly, patients with pre-existing rectoceles noted resolution of lesions post-ESD. None of the patients reported daily constipation or fecal incontinence. While rectal ESD is unlikely to cause significant real-world defecation difficulties, alterations in rectal and anal canal morphology and function may occur if the dentate line is involved in the resection range.
Is the hot, dense sub-Neptune TOI-824b an exposed Neptune mantle? Spitzer detection of the hot day side and reanalysis of the interior composition
Creators: name: Roy, Pierre-Alexis
name: Benneke, Björn
name: Piaulet, Caroline
name: Crossfield, Ian J. M.
name: Kreidberg, Laura
name: Dragomir, Diana
name: Deming, Drake
name: Werner, Michael W.
name: Parmentier, Vivien
name: Christiansen, Jessie L.
name: Dressing, Courtney D.
name: Kane, Stephen R.
name: Morales, Farisa Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kepler and TESS missions revealed a remarkable abundance of sub-Neptune exoplanets. Despite this abundance, our understanding of the nature and compositional diversity of sub-Neptunes remains limited, to a large part because atmospheric studies via transmission spectroscopy almost exclusively aimed for low-density sub-Neptunes and even those were often affected by high-altitude clouds. The recent TESS discovery of the hot, dense TOI-824b ($2.93\,R_\oplus$ and $18.47\,M_\oplus$) opens a new window into sub-Neptune science by enabling the study of a dense sub-Neptune via secondary eclipses. Here, we present the detection of TOI-824b's hot day side via Spitzer secondary eclipse observations in the $3.6$ and $4.5\,\mathrm{μm}$ channels, combined with a reanalysis of its interior composition. The measured eclipse depths (142$^{+57}_{-52}$ and 245$^{+75}_{-77}$ ppm) and brightness temperatures (1463$^{+183}_{-196}$ and 1484$^{+180}_{-202}$ K) indicate a poor heat redistribution ($f>$ 0.49) and a low Bond albedo (A$_{B}<$ 0.26). We conclude that TOI-824b could be an "exposed Neptune mantle": a planet with a Neptune-like water-rich interior that never accreted a hydrogen envelope or that subsequently lost it. The hot day-side temperature is then naturally explained by a high-metallicity envelope re-emitting the bulk of the incoming radiation from the day side. TOI-824b's density is also consistent with a massive rocky core that accreted up to 1% of hydrogen, but the observed eclipse depths favor our high-metallicity GCM simulation to a solar-metallicity GCM simulation with a likelihood ratio of 7:1. The new insights into TOI-824b's nature suggest that the sub-Neptune population may be more diverse than previously thought, with some of the dense hot sub-Neptunes potentially not hosting a hydrogen-rich envelope as generally assumed for sub-Neptunes.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, 14 pages, 5 figures
Package-X 2.0: A Mathematica package for the analytic calculation of one-loop integrals
Creators: name: Patel, Hiren H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article summarizes new features and enhancements of the first major update of Package-X. Package-X 2.0 can now generate analytic expressions for arbitrarily high rank dimensionally regulated tensor integrals with up to four distinct propagators, each with arbitrary integer weight, near an arbitrary even number of spacetime dimensions, giving UV divergent, IR divergent, and finite parts at (almost) any real-valued kinematic point. Additionally, it can generate multivariable Taylor series expansions of these integrals around any non-singular kinematic point to arbitrary order. All special functions and abbreviations output by Package-X 2.0 supports Mathematica's arbitrary precision evaluation capabilities to deal with issues of numerical stability. Finally, tensor algebraic routines of Package-X have been polished and extended to support open fermion chains both on and off shell. The documentation (equivalent to over 100 printed pages) is accessed through Mathematica's Wolfram Documentation Center and contains information on all Package-X symbols, with over 300 basic usage examples, 3 project-scale tutorials, and instructions on linking to FeynCalc and LoopTools.
description: Package files are available at http://packagex.hepforge.org
The Coldest Place in the Universe: Probing the Ultra-Cold Outflow and Dusty Disk in the Boomerang Nebula
Creators: name: Sahai, R.
name: Vlemmings, W. H. T.
name: Nyman, L-A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our Cycle 0 ALMA observations confirmed that the Boomerang Nebula is the coldest known object in the Universe, with a massive high-speed outflow that has cooled significantly below the cosmic background temperature. Our new CO 1-0 data reveal heretofore unseen distant regions of this ultra-cold outflow, out to $\gtrsim120,000$ AU. We find that in the ultra-cold outflow, the mass-loss rate (dM/dt) increases with radius, similar to its expansion velocity ($V$) - taking $V\propto r$, we find $dM/dt \propto r^{0.9-2.2}$. The mass in the ultra-cold outflow is $\gtrsim3.3$ Msun, and the Boomerang's main-sequence progenitor mass is $\gtrsim4$ Msun. Our high angular resolution ($\sim$0".3) CO J=3-2 map shows the inner bipolar nebula's precise, highly-collimated shape, and a dense central waist of size (FWHM) $\sim$1740 AU$\times275$ AU. The molecular gas and the dust as seen in scattered light via optical HST imaging show a detailed correspondence. The waist shows a compact core in thermal dust emission at 0.87-3.3 mm, which harbors $(4-7)\times10^{-4}$ Msun~of very large ($\sim$mm-to-cm sized), cold ($\sim20-30$ K) grains. The central waist (assuming its outer regions to be expanding) and fast bipolar outflow have expansion ages of $\lesssim1925$ yr and $\le1050$ yr: the "jet-lag" (i.e., torus age minus the fast-outflow age) in the Boomerang supports models in which the primary star interacts directly with a binary companion. We argue that this interaction resulted in a common-envelope configuration while the Boomerang's primary was an RGB or early-AGB star, with the companion finally merging into the primary's core, and ejecting the primary's envelope that now forms the ultra-cold outflow.
description: accepted ApJ, 12 Apr, 2017
title: Four eruption cycles feeding the most voluminous Deccan Eruptions
Creators: name: Hoyer, Patrick A.
name: Haase, Karsten M.
name: Regelous, Marcel
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) are unusual volcanic events in which massive amounts of melt (~106 km3) erupt in relatively short time periods (< 106 yrs). Many LIPs were emplaced at the former positions of currently active hot spots and are thought to have formed due to extensive decompression melting of anomalous hot mantle triggered by an initiating mantle plume. Most LIP magmas have interacted extensively with the continental crust, however the location and dimensions of the crustal magmatic plumbing systems and the processes triggering eruptions are debated. Here we present new major and trace element and radiogenic isotope data for 43 individual lava flows from a continuous 1200 m thick stratigraphic profile through the upper, most voluminous part of the Deccan LIP (Bushe to Mahalabaleshwar Formations). Eruption rates for this section are constrained by published paleomagnetic directions and absolute U-Pb ages for zircons from weathered flow tops exposed in the profile. We find four magmatic cycles each lasting ~104 to ~105 yrs during which major and trace element compositions change systematically, which are best explained by repeated sequences of recharge, fractional crystallization and eruption. The lavas at the beginning of each cycle generally have the highest MgO contents, but are the most contaminated (lowest Ce/Pb and Nb/Th), inconsistent with the combined assimilation-fractional crystallization trends usually associated with single magma bodies. Rapid changes of isotopically different contaminants suggest that the magmatic cycles were fed by several different magma reservoirs at different levels in the crust, rather than a single large reservoir.
Superfluid transition of the second layer of He-4 on graphite: does substrate corrugation matter?
Creators: name: Boninsegni, Massimo
name: Moroni, Saverio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second layer of He-4 adsorbed on a graphite substrate is studied by Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We make use of a microscopic model of the substrate fully accounting for its corrugation, and compare the results to those obtained with a smooth substrate. The only effect of corrugation is a ~20% reduction of the value of the superfluid fraction of the top layer, in the limit of zero temperature. No evidence of any commensurate (7/12) crystalline and/or "supersolid" phase is found; the superfluid transition temperature is estimated to be ~ 0.75 K. We discuss the implication of these findings on the interpretation of recent experiments.
description: Six pages, three figures
Determining complementary properties with quantum clones
Creators: name: Thekkadath, G. S.
name: Saaltink, R. Y.
name: Giner, L.
name: Lundeen, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a classical world, simultaneous measurements of complementary properties (e.g. position and momentum) give a system's state. In quantum mechanics, measurement-induced disturbance is largest for complementary properties and, hence, limits the precision with which such properties can be determined simultaneously. It is tempting to try to sidestep this disturbance by copying the system and measuring each complementary property on a separate copy. However, perfect copying is physically impossible in quantum mechanics. Here, we investigate using the closest quantum analog to this copying strategy, optimal cloning. The coherent portion of the generated clones' state corresponds to "twins" of the input system. Like perfect copies, both twins faithfully reproduce the properties of the input system. Unlike perfect copies, the twins are entangled. As such, a measurement on both twins is equivalent to a simultaneous measurement on the input system. For complementary observables, this joint measurement gives the system's state, just as in the classical case. We demonstrate this experimentally using polarized single photons.
description: 5+4 pages, 3+5 figures (includes SM)
Metal Sulfide Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation: A Review of Recent Advances
Creators: name: Mamiyev, Zamin
name: Balayeva, Narmina O.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30601 Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30603 Colloid and Surface Chemistry
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 39903 Industrial Chemistry

description: Metal-sulfide nanostructures have piqued the interest of researchers for decades due to their intriguing optoelectronic properties. Indeed, significant advances and improvements have been made in various fundamental aspects for cutting-edge applications, such as water splitting and hydrogen production. Furthermore, rising demand for low-dimensional materials due to lower material consumption and improved performance due to quantum size effects has spurred research on semiconducting metal sulfides. Consequently, size-controllable nanostructures with diverse morphologies have been fabricated and studied for potential applications. However, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate is still limited mainly by fast recombination rate, poor solar energy utilization and lack of surface-active sites for H2 reduction. This review will highlight particularly recent findings in metal-sulfide-based photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions, considering the swift development and excellent research in this field. Following a brief overview of fundamental properties, we will explore state-of-the-art strategies for enhancing H2 generation efficiencies over the pristine, heterostructured and co-catalayzed metal-sulfide photocatalysts.
Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis - a Danish nested case-control study
Creators: name: Herting, Emma Celia
name: Birn-Rydder, Rasmine
name: Kazankov, Konstantin
name: Jepsen, Peter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Alcohol-related cirrhosis (ALD cirrhosis) has a weaker effect on acute myocardial infarction (MI) than on other arterial or venous thromboses, and the reasons for this pattern are unclear. This study aimed to identify risk factors of MI amongst patients with ALD cirrhosis. This nationwide register-based nested case-control study was conducted within a cohort of all Danish patients diagnosed with ALD cirrhosis from 2000-2019. Patients with first-time MI after diagnosis of ALD cirrhosis were identified as cases, and matching cohort members (10:1) with no history of MI, using risk-set sampling. We selected candidate risk factors a priori and used conditional logistic regression to study the association between them and the adjusted odds ratio of MI. We included 373 cases and 3,730 controls. We identified the following risk factors for MI: hospitalization for infection (adjusted odds ratio 2.26 [95% CI 1.38-3.71]), recent surgery (adjusted odds ratio 1.82 [95% CI 1.18-2.81]), history of atherosclerosis (adjusted odds ratio 1.89 [95% CI 1.39-2.57]), cardiac ischemia (adjusted odds ratio 6.23 [95% CI 4.30-9.04]), heart failure (adjusted odds ratio 2.83 [95% CI 1.90-4.22]) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (adjusted odds ratio 2.26 [95% CI 1.62-3.17]). Use of anticoagulants had a protective effect (adjusted odds ratio 0.47 [95% CI 0.25–0.91]). Our findings contribute to the understanding of risk factors for MI in patients with ALD cirrhosis. They may have clinical implications e.g. for the decision to offer thromboprophylaxis.
Imaginary gauge transformation in momentum space and Dirac exceptional point
Creators: name: Rivero, Jose H. D.
name: Feng, Liang
name: Ge, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An imaginary gauge transformation is at the core of the non-Hermitian skin effect. Here we show that such a transformation can be performed in momentum space as well, which reveals that certain gain and loss modulated systems in their parity-time (PT) symmetric phases are equivalent to Hermitian systems with real potentials. Our analysis in momentum space also distinguishes two types of exceptional points (EPs) in the same system. Besides the conventional type that leads to a PT transition upon the continuous increase of gain and loss, we find real-valued energy bands connected at a Dirac EP in hybrid dimensions, consisting of a spatial dimension and a synthetic dimension for the gain and loss strength.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
General Relativity from Causality
Creators: name: Hertzberg, Mark P.
name: Sandora, McCullen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study large families of theories of interacting spin 2 particles from the point of view of causality. Although it is often stated that there is a unique Lorentz invariant effective theory of massless spin 2, namely general relativity, other theories that utilize higher derivative interactions do in fact exist. These theories are distinct from general relativity, as they permit any number of species of spin 2 particles, are described by a much larger set of parameters, and are not constrained to satisfy the equivalence principle. We consider the leading spin 2 couplings to scalars, fermions, and vectors, and systematically study signal propagation in all these other families of theories. We find that most interactions directly lead to superluminal propagation of either a spin 2 particle or a matter particle, and interactions that are subluminal generate other interactions that are superluminal. Hence, such theories of interacting multiple spin 2 species have superluminality, and by extension, acausality. This is radically different to the special case of general relativity with a single species of minimally coupled spin 2, which leads to subluminal propagation from sources satisfying the null energy condition. This pathology persists even if the spin 2 field is massive. We compare these findings to the analogous case of spin 1 theories, where higher derivative interactions can be causal. This makes the spin 2 case very special, and suggests that multiple species of spin 2 is forbidden, leading us to general relativity as essentially the unique internally consistent effective theory of spin 2.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. V2: Some clarifications on EFT breakdown and comparison to GR. Updated to resemble version published in JHEP
Projection pursuit adaptation on polynomial chaos expansions
Creators: name: Zeng, Xiaoshu
name: Ghanem, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work addresses the issue of accurate stochastic approximations in high-dimensional parametric space using tools from uncertainty quantification (UQ). The basis adaptation method and its accelerated algorithm in polynomial chaos expansions (PCE) were recently proposed to construct low-dimensional approximations adapted to specific quantities of interest (QoI). The present paper addresses one difficulty with these adaptations, namely their reliance on quadrature point sampling, which limits the reusability of potentially expensive samples. Projection pursuit (PP) is a statistical tool to find the ``interesting'' projections in high-dimensional data and thus bypass the curse-of-dimensionality. In the present work, we combine the fundamental ideas of basis adaptation and projection pursuit regression (PPR) to propose a novel method to simultaneously learn the optimal low-dimensional spaces and PCE representation from given data. While this projection pursuit adaptation (PPA) can be entirely data-driven, the constructed approximation exhibits mean-square convergence to the solution of an underlying governing equation and is thus subject to the same physics constraints. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a borehole problem and a structural dynamics problem, demonstrating the versatility of the method and its ability to discover low-dimensional manifolds with high accuracy with limited data. In addition, the method can learn surrogate models for different quantities of interest while reusing the same data set.
On the orbits that generate the X-shape in the Milky Way bulge
Creators: name: Abbott, Caleb
name: Valluri, Monica
name: Shen, Juntai
name: Debattista, Victor P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Milky Way bulge shows a box/peanut or X-shaped bulge (hereafter BP/X) when viewed in infrared or microwave bands. We examine orbits in an N-body model of a barred disk galaxy that is scaled to match the kinematics of the Milky Way (MW) bulge. We generate maps of projected stellar surface density, unsharp masked images, 3D excess-mass distributions (showing mass outside ellipsoids), line-of-sight number count distributions, and 2D line-of-sight kinematics for the simulation as well as co-added orbit families, in order to identify the orbits primarily responsible for the BP/X shape. We estimate that between 19-23\% of the mass of the bar is associated with the BP/X shape and that most bar orbits contribute to this shape which is clearly seen in projected surface density maps and 3D excess mass for non-resonant box orbits, "banana" orbits, "fish/pretzel" orbits and "brezel" orbits. {We find that nearly all bar orbit families contribute some mass to the 3D BP/X-shape. All co-added orbit families show a bifurcation in stellar number count distribution with heliocentric distance that resembles the bifurcation observed in red clump stars in the MW. However, only the box orbit family shows an increasing separation of peaks with increasing galactic latitude $|b|$, similar to that observed.} Our analysis shows that no single orbit family fully explains all the observed features associated with the MW's BP/X shaped bulge, but collectively the non-resonant boxes and various resonant boxlet orbits contribute at different distances from the center to produce this feature. We propose that since box orbits have three incommensurable orbital fundamental frequencies, their 3-dimensional shapes are highly flexible and, like Lissajous figures, this family of orbits is most easily able to adapt to evolution in the shape of the underlying potential.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for Publication in MNRAS
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Ultracompact \ion{H}{2} regions in W51A with NIFS/ALTAIR
Creators: name: Barbosa, Cassio L.
name: Navarete, Felipe
name: Blum, Robert D.
name: Damineli, Augusto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: W51A is the most active star formation region of the Giant \ion{H}{2} region W51. It harbors the two massive proto-clusters W51e and W51\,IRS2, which are very rare in the Galaxy. We aim to identify the new born massive stars and UCHII regions to derive its distance and age. We performed IFU observations with NIFS+ALTAIR of nine targets in the W51A sub-region. The distance modulus was obtained using the spectral classification in the $K$-band and a reddening law appropriate to the inner Galactic plane. We derived the distance and the spectral types for five of them, ranging from O8 to O9.5, similar to those derived from radio continuum data, except for two sources that we assigned somewhat a later spectral type. We included another seven objects with precise spectral classification from other works, which allowed us to better constrain the distance estimate. Our spectrophotometric distance d=4.80\,$\pm$\,1.27\,kpc is in good agreement with those derived from the Galactic rotation model and trigonometric parallaxes, placing the region near the tangent point of the Sagittarius arm. We conclude that the stars studied in this work have an age spread of 1.5-4 Myr, substantially older than thought to date.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures and 3 tables. Accepted to ApJ for publication
Recurrent narrow quasi-periodic fast-propagating wave trains excited by the intermittent energy release in the accompanying solar flare
Creators: name: Zhou, Xinping
name: Shen, Yuandeng
name: Liang, Hongfei
name: Qu, Zhining
name: Duan, Yadan
name: Tang, Zehao
name: Zhou, Chengrui
name: Tan, Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: About the driven mechanisms of the quasi-periodic fast-propagating (QFP) wave trains, there exist two dominant competing physical explanations: associated with the flaring energy release or attributed to the waveguide dispersion. Employing Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 171 A images, we investigated a series of QFP wave trains composed of multiple wavefronts propagating along a loop system during the accompanying flare on 2011 November 11. The wave trains showed a high correlation in start time with the energy release of the accompanying flare. Measurements show that the wave trains phase speed is almost consistent with its group speed with a value of about 1000 km s-1, indicating that the wave trains should not be dispersed waves. The period of the wave trains was the same as that of the oscillatory signal in X ray emissions released by the flare. Thus we propose that the QFP wave trains were most likely triggered by the flare rather than by dispersion. We investigated the seismological application with the QFP waves and then obtained that the magnetic field strength of the waveguide was about 10 Gauss. Meanwhile, we also estimated that the energy flux of the wave trains was about 1.2X105 erg cm-2 s-1.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Boundary vorticity dynamics of two-phase viscous flow
Creators: name: Chen, Tao
name: Liu, Tianshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the Navier-Stokes-Korteweg (NSK) equations, the exact relations between the fundamental surface physical quantities for two-phase viscous flow with diffuse interface are derived, including density gradient, shear stress, vorticity, pressure, enstrophy flux and surface curvature. These theoretical results provide a solid foundation of the boundary/interfacial vorticity dynamics and a new tool for analysis of complex interfacial phenomena in two-phase viscous flows. To demonstrate the application of the developed results, simulation of a droplet impacting and spreading on a solid wall is conducted by using a recently developed well-balanced discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (WB-DUGKS), focusing on spreading process when the separation bubbles form inside the droplet. The distributions of shear stress, pressure and enstrophy flux at the interface and wall are analyzed, particularly near the moving contact points and other characteristic points. This example gives an unique perspective to the physics of droplet impingement on a wall.
Numerical Modeling of Energetic Electron Acceleration, Transport, and Emission in Solar Flares: Connecting Loop-top and Footpoint Hard X-Ray Sources
Creators: name: Kong, Xiangliang
name: Chen, Bin
name: Guo, Fan
name: Shen, Chengcai
name: Li, Xiaocan
name: Ye, Jing
name: Zhao, Lulu
name: Jiang, Zelong
name: Yu, Sijie
name: Chen, Yao
name: Giacalone, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The acceleration and transport of energetic electrons during solar flares is one of the outstanding topics in solar physics. Recent X-ray and radio imaging and spectroscopy observations have provided diagnostics of the distribution of nonthermal electrons and suggested that, in certain flare events, electrons are primarily accelerated in the loop-top and likely experience trapping and/or scattering effects. By combining the focused particle transport equation with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of solar flares, we present a macroscopic particle model that naturally incorporates electron acceleration and transport. Our simulation results indicate that the physical processes such as turbulent pitch-angle scattering can have important impacts on both electron acceleration in the loop-top and transport in the flare loop, and their influences are highly energy dependent. A spatial-dependent turbulent scattering with enhancement in the loop-top can enable both efficient electron acceleration to high energies and transport of abundant electrons to the footpoints. We further generate spatially resolved synthetic hard X-ray (HXR) emission images and spectra, revealing both the loop-top and footpoint HXR sources. Similar to the observations, we show that the footpoint HXR sources are brighter and harder than the loop-top HXR source. We suggest that the macroscopic particle model provides new insights into understanding the connection between the observed loop-top and footpoint nonthermal emission sources by combining the particle model with dynamically evolving MHD simulations of solar flares.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Role of Hund's splitting in electronic phase competition in ${\rm Pb}_{1-x}{\rm Sn}_{x}{\rm Te}$
Creators: name: Kundu, S.
name: Tripathi, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of Hund's splitting of repulsive interactions on electronic phase transitions in the multiorbital topological crystalline insulator Pb$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$Te, when the chemical potential is tuned to the vicinity of low-lying Type-II Van Hove singularities. Nontrivial Berry phases associated with the Bloch states impart momentum-dependence to electron interactions in the relevant band. We use a multipatch parquet renormalization group (RG) analysis for studying the competition of different electronic phases, and find that if the dominant fixed-point interactions correspond to antiparallel spin configurations, then a chiral $p$-wave Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov(FFLO) state is favored, otherwise, none of the commonly encountered electronic instabilities occur within the one-loop parquet RG approach.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures; journal version
Hard X-ray Observations of the Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernova SN 2018hti with NuSTAR
Creators: name: Andreoni, Igor
name: Lu, Wenbin
name: Grefenstette, Brian
name: Kasliwal, Mansi
name: Yan, Lin
name: Hare, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some Hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae are likely powered by a magnetar central engine, making their luminosity larger than common supernovae. Although a significant amount of X-ray flux is expected from the spin down of the magnetar, direct observational evidence is still to be found, giving rise to the "missing energy" problem. Here we present NuSTAR observations of nearby SN 2018hti 2.4y (rest frame) after its optical peak. We expect that, by this time, the ejecta have become optically thin for photons more energetic than about 15keV. No flux is detected at the position of the supernova down to $F_{\rm{10-30keV}} = 9.0\times 10^{-14}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, or an upper limit of $7.9 \times 10^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$ at a distance of 271Mpc. This constrains the fraction of bolometric luminosity from the putative spinning down magnetar to be $f_{\rm X} \lesssim 36$% in the 10-30keV range in a conservative case, $f_{\rm X} \lesssim 11$% in an optimistic case.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL