cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Post-Moratorium EU Regulation of Genetically Modified Products: Trade Concerns
Creators: name: Viju, Crina
name: Yeung, May T.
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Viju, Crina
name: Yeung, May T.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: EU regulatory regime
subject: Genetically Modified (GM) products
subject: Science
subject: SPS

description: Trade in genetically modified (GM) products remains a major issue in agricultural trade policy. In particular, the European Union has sought to deny market access to GM-products. In the wake of a WTO case brought by Canada and the US, among others, against an import ban imposed on genetically modified agricultural products by the European Union (EU) – which the EU lost – the import ban was dropped and the EU put in place a new regulatory regime for GM-products. The EU suggests that the post-moratorium regulatory regime is compliant with its WTO obligations. As of June 2011, the operation of this new import regime has not been formally assessed. The first GM-crops are just now working their way through the post-moratorium regulatory system and an assessment of the operation of the regime is timely. The results of this assessment suggest that the EU’s approval system is only partially based in science and thus is not in conformity with its SPS obligations under the WTO. Hence, the new EU regulatory regime could be challenged through a WTO Disputes panel.
อิทธิพลของทัศนคติ ปัจจัยด้านสังคม และความไว้วางใจที่มีต่อความตั้งใจซื้อ ประกันชีวิตของประชาชนในจังหวัดสงขลา
Creators: name: เปมิกา แป้นประดิษฐ์
Publisher: name: คณะบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่โจ้
Year: 2021
Subjects: ความตั้งใจซื้อ
ความไว้วางใจ
ทัศนคติ
ปัจจัยด้านสังคม
ประกันชีวิต

description: วารสารบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่โจ้, 3, 2, 20-34
Post-Moratorium EU Regulation of Genetically Modified Products: Triffid Flax
Creators: name: Viju, Crina
name: Yeung, May T.
name: Kerr, William A.
name: Viju, Crina
name: Yeung, May T.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: GMO
subject: food
subject: EU
subject: Triffid Flax

description: The regulatory regime for contamination permits the imposition of import bans with neither a scientific justification nor a risk assessment. No scientific assessment of Triffid flax was done prior to the import ban. The import regime put in place to deal with the contamination of flax with the GM-flax CDC Triffid provides no rationale for the thresholds of safety established for the testing regime. The EU is consistently pushing for commercial, economic and social considerations to be included, along with science, in decision-making. Such considerations are often perceived as avenues for economic protection to creep into EU decision-making. Such considerations can, however, cut both ways. The Canada-EU testing regime for Triffid makes provision for, but does not necessarily require, the testing of cargoes when they reach European ports (Western Producer, 2010). The risks associated with inspection upon arrival made exports to Europe too risky. By only requiring the passing of the tests prior to product leaving Canada, flexibility to find alternative markets for contaminated cargoes has been gained. Thus, while costly, the testing regime for flax exports to the EU has allowed for the resumption of Canadian flax exports to the EU. Of course, the import Protocol negotiated between the EU and Canada was a one off. In a future case, economic and commercial considerations could be used to bolster economic protection. This is why science was agreed upon as the arbitrator of SPS-based trade barriers by the Member States of the WTO, including the EU. Thus, the EU regulatory regime for GM-products would seem open to a new challenge at the WTO. Of course, the political consequences of such a challenge would have to be carefully weighed.
Strain and electric-field control of spin-spin interactions in monolayer CrI$_3$
Creators: name: Vishkayi, Sahar Izadi
name: Torbatian, Zahra
name: Qaiumzadeh, Alireza
name: Asgari, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact of mechanical strains and a perpendicular electric field on the electronic and magnetic ground-state properties of two-dimensional monolayer CrI$_3$ using density functional theory. We propose a minimal spin model Hamiltonian, consisting of symmetric isotropic exchange interactions, magnetic anisotropy energy, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions, to capture most pertinent magnetic properties of the system. We compute the mechanical strain and electric field dependence of various spin-spin interactions. Our results show that both the amplitudes and signs of the exchange interactions can be engineered by means of strain, while the electric field affects only their amplitudes. However, strain and electric fields affect both the directions and amplitudes of the DM vectors. The amplitude of the magnetic anisotropy energy can also be substantially modified by an applied strain. We show that in comparison with an electric field, strain can be more efficiently used to manipulate the magnetic and electronic properties of the system. Notably, such systematic tuning of the spin interactions is essential for the engineering of room-temperature spintronic nanodevices.
description: 9 figures, 11 pages
Trade Agreements, Political Economy and Endogenously Incomplete Contracts
Creators: name: Li, Na
name: Ker, Alan P.
name: Li, Na
name: Ker, Alan P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Trade agreement
subject: political economy
subject: contracting cost
subject: uncertainty JEL Classification:

description: We develop a political economy model of trade agreements following along the line of Grossman and Helpman (1995a) yet incorporating contracting costs, uncertainty and multiple policy instruments. We show that rent-seeking efforts do not affect tariff rates as they are offset by the substitution effect of domestic production subsidies. Similar to Horn et al (2010), we find the coexistence of uncertainty and contracting costs make optimal trade agreements incomplete contracts. Our model helps explain differential treatment on subsidies, countervailing duties, and the national treatment principle - all key provisions of the current WTO agreement.
Thermal entanglement of spins in a nonuniform magnetic field
Creators: name: Asoudeh, M.
name: Karimipour, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of inhomogeneities in the magnetic field on the thermal entanglement of a two spin system. We show that in the ferromagnetic case a very small inhomogeneity is capable to produce large values of thermal entanglement. This shows that the absence of entanglement in the ferromagnetic Heisenberg system is highly unstable against inhomogeneoity of magnetic fields which is inevitably present in any solid state realization of qubits.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, latex, Accepted for publication in Physical Review A
The Gravity Model and the Problem of Zero's in Agrifood Trade
Creators: name: Haq, Zahoor Ul
name: Meilke, Karl D.
name: Cranfield, John A.L.
name: Haq, Zahoor Ul
name: Meilke, Karl D.
name: Cranfield, John A.L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Gravity model
subject: selection bias
subject: Agrifood Trade
subject: Heckman Selection Model
subject: marginal effects

description: In the analysis of bilateral trade flows, reported trade of zero or missing observations are quite common and this is a problem when estimating log-linear gravity equations. This has caused many researchers to either ignore the zero trade flows or to replace the zero with a small positive number. Both of these actions bias the resulting parameter estimates of the gravity equation. In this study we correct for this misspecification by using the Heckman selection model to estimate bilateral trade flows for 46 agrifood products, for the period 1990 to 2000, for 52 countries. In our sample, selection bias rarely affects the signs of variables but often has a substantial effect on the magnitude, statistical significance and economic interpretation of the marginal effects. Hence, treating zero trade flows properly is important from both a statistical and an economics perspective.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
description: Revised and published as: Haq, Zahoor Ul, Karl Meilke and John Cranfield. 2013. “Selection bias in a gravity model of agrifood trade.” European Review of Agricultural Economics 40(2):331-360.
A Euclidean Lattice Construction of Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theories with Sixteen Supercharges
Creators: name: Kaplan, David B.
name: Unsal, Mithat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate supersymmetric Euclidean spacetime Ad* lattices whose classical continuum limits are U(N) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories with sixteen supercharges in d=1,2,3 and 4 dimensions. This family includes the especially interesting N=4 supersymmetry in four dimensions, as well as a Euclidean path integral formulation of Matrix Theory on a one dimensional lattice.
description: 49 pages, 4 figures. Appendix, references added, minor typos fixed
Integrated On-Farm Decision Making: Economic Implications of Increased Variation in Litter Size
Creators: name: Widmar, David A.
name: Olynk, Nicole J.
name: Richert, Brian T.
name: Schinckel, Allan P.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
name: Widmar, David A.
name: Olynk, Nicole J.
name: Richert, Brian T.
name: Schinckel, Allan P.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: stochastic modeling
subject: farm business management
subject: swine litter size

description: Increased litter sizes and associated piglet performance consequences, challenge swine producers. Stochastic modeling captured bioeconomic performance of individual piglets. As average litter size increased from 8.8 to 20.8 piglets, costs and revenues per head marketed from the demonstration herd decreased and total profit increased at a decreasing rate.
การศึกษาความรู้ความเข้าใจและทัศนคติเกี่ยวกับการจัดเก็บภาษีสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัลของผู้สนใจลงทุนในสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัล
Creators: name: ศฐา วรุณกูล
Publisher: name: คณะบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่โจ้
Year: 2021
Subjects: ความรู้ความเข้าใจ
ทัศนคติ
ภาษีสินทรัพย์ดิจิทัล

description: วารสารบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่โจ้, 3, 2, 35-53
title: 01_1869
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: LaMOP

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Effects of No-Tillage Production Practices on Crop Yields as Influenced by Crop and Growing Environment Factors
Creators: name: Toliver, Dustin K.
name: Larson, James A.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Torre Ugarte, Daniel De La
name: West, Tristram O.
name: Toliver, Dustin K.
name: Larson, James A.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Torre Ugarte, Daniel De La
name: West, Tristram O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: no-tillage
subject: conservation
subject: conventional tillage
subject: downside-risk
subject: yield

description: This paper evaluated differences between yields of no-tillage compared to conventional or reduced tillage and their associated downside risk. Six crops were evaluated along with how those yields and risks differed by various environmental factors such geographic location, precipitation, soil type and how long the practice had been used.
The MHD alpha^2-dynamo, Z_2-graded pseudo-Hermiticity, level crossings and exceptional points of branching type
Creators: name: Guenther, U.
name: Stefani, F.
name: Gerbeth, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral branching behavior of the 2x2 operator matrix of the magneto-hydrodynamic alpha^2-dynamo is analyzed numerically. Some qualitative aspects of level crossings are briefly discussed with the help of a simple toy model which is based on a Z_2-graded-pseudo-Hermitian 2x2 matrix. The considered issues comprise: the underlying SU(1,1) symmetry and the Krein space structure of the system, exceptional points of branching type and diabolic points, as well as the algebraic and geometric multiplicity of corresponding degenerate eigenvalues.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, Conf. Proc., 2nd International Workshop "Pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics", Prague, Czech Republic, June 14-16 2004; minor cosmetic improvements, Ref. added
ต้นแบบระบบธุรกิจอัจฉริยะเพื่อวิเคราะห์และพยากรณ์การผลิตข้าว กรณีศึกษา กลุ่มผลิตข้าวจังหวัดเชียงใหม่
Creators: name: สุธีรา หมื่นแสน
Publisher: name: คณะบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่โจ้
Year: 2021
Subjects: ข้าวเชียงใหม่
ระบบการพยากรณ์การผลิตข้าว
ระบบธุรกิจอัจฉริยะ
ระบบสนับสนุนการตัดสินใจ

description: วารสารบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่โจ้, 3, 2, 54-73
Peculiarities of the Canonical Analysis of the First Order Form of the Einstein-Hilbert Action in Two Dimensions in Terms of the Metric Tensor or the Metric Density
Creators: name: Kiriushcheva, N.
name: Kuzmin, S. V.
name: McKeon, D. G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The peculiarities of doing a canonical analysis of the first order formulation of the Einstein-Hilbert action in terms of either the metric tensor $g^{αβ}$ or the metric density $h^{αβ}= \sqrt{-g}g^{αβ}$ along with the affine connection are discussed. It is shown that the difference between using $g^{αβ}$ as opposed to $h^{αβ}$ appears only in two spacetime dimensions. Despite there being a different number of constraints in these two approaches, both formulations result in there being a local Poisson brackets algebra of constraints with field independent structure constants, closed off shell generators of gauge transformations and off shell invariance of the action. The formulation in terms of the metric tensor is analyzed in detail and compared with earlier results obtained using the metric density. The gauge transformations, obtained from the full set of first class constraints, are different from a diffeomorphism transformation in both cases.
description: 13 pages
ส่วนประสมทางการตลาดที่มีผลต่อการตัดสินใจเลือกซื้อเสื้อผ้าแฟชั่นของสตรีมุสลิมในกรุงเทพมหานคร
Creators: name: อามานี่ ชุมศรี
Publisher: name: คณะบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่โจ้
Year: 2021
Subjects: การตัดสินใจซื้อ
สตรีมุสลิม
เสื้อผ้าแฟชั่น
ส่วนประสมทางการตลาด

description: วารสารบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่โจ้, 3, 2, 74-94
Synchronization of networks with prescribed degree distributions
Creators: name: Atay, Fatihcan M.
name: Biyikoglu, Tuerker
name: Jost, Juergen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the degree distributions of graphs do not suffice to characterize the synchronization of systems evolving on them. We prove that, for any given degree sequence satisfying certain conditions, there exists a connected graph having that degree sequence for which the first nontrivial eigenvalue of the graph Laplacian is arbitrarily close to zero. Consequently, complex dynamical systems defined on such graphs have poor synchronization properties. The result holds under quite mild assumptions, and shows that there exists classes of random, scale-free, regular, small-world, and other common network architectures which impede synchronization. The proof is based on a construction that also serves as an algorithm for building non-synchronizing networks having a prescribed degree distribution.
description: v2: A new theorem and a numerical example added. To appear in IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications
Bringing Light Into the Dark: A Large-scale Evaluation of Knowledge Graph Embedding Models Under a Unified Framework
Creators: name: Ali, Mehdi
name: Berrendorf, Max
name: Hoyt, Charles Tapley
name: Vermue, Laurent
name: Galkin, Mikhail
name: Sharifzadeh, Sahand
name: Fischer, Asja
name: Tresp, Volker
name: Lehmann, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The heterogeneity in recently published knowledge graph embedding models' implementations, training, and evaluation has made fair and thorough comparisons difficult. In order to assess the reproducibility of previously published results, we re-implemented and evaluated 21 interaction models in the PyKEEN software package. Here, we outline which results could be reproduced with their reported hyper-parameters, which could only be reproduced with alternate hyper-parameters, and which could not be reproduced at all as well as provide insight as to why this might be the case. We then performed a large-scale benchmarking on four datasets with several thousands of experiments and 24,804 GPU hours of computation time. We present insights gained as to best practices, best configurations for each model, and where improvements could be made over previously published best configurations. Our results highlight that the combination of model architecture, training approach, loss function, and the explicit modeling of inverse relations is crucial for a model's performances, and not only determined by the model architecture. We provide evidence that several architectures can obtain results competitive to the state-of-the-art when configured carefully. We have made all code, experimental configurations, results, and analyses that lead to our interpretations available at https://github.com/pykeen/pykeen and https://github.com/pykeen/benchmarking
On stability of the neutron rich Oxygen isotopes
Creators: name: Gridnev, K. A.
name: Gridnev, D. K.
name: Kartavenko, V. G.
name: Mitroshin, V. E.
name: Tarasov, V. N.
name: Tarasov, D. V.
name: Greiner, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stability with respect to neutron emission is studied for highly neutron-excessive Oxygen isotopes in the framework of Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach with Skyrme forces Sly4 and Ska. Our calculations show increase of stability around 40O.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Protein escape at the ribosomal exit tunnel: Effect of the tunnel shape
Creators: name: Bui, Phuong Thuy
name: Hoang, Trinh Xuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the post-translational escape of nascent proteins at the ribosomal exit tunnel with the consideration of a real shape atomistic tunnel based on the Protein Data Bank (PDB) structure of the large ribosome subunit of archeon Haloarcula marismortui. Molecular dynamics simulations employing the Go-like model for the proteins show that at intermediate and high temperatures, including a presumable physiological temperature, the protein escape process at the atomistic tunnel is quantitatively similar to that at a cylinder tunnel of length L = 72 Å and diameter d = 16 Å. At low temperatures, the atomistic tunnel, however, yields an increased probability of protein trapping inside the tunnel while the cylinder tunnel does not cause the trapping. All-$β$ proteins tend to escape faster than all-$α$ proteins but this difference is blurred on increasing the protein's chain length. A 29-residue zinc-finger domain is shown to be severely trapped inside the tunnel. Most of the single-domain proteins considered, however, can escape efficiently at the physiological temperature with the escape time distribution following the diffusion model proposed in our previous works. An extrapolation of the simulation data to a realistic value of the friction coefficient for amino acids indicates that the escape times of globular proteins are at the sub-millisecond scale. It is argued that this time scale is short enough for the smooth functioning of the ribosome by not allowing nascent proteins to jam the ribosome tunnel.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, with supplementary materials
The Law of the Minimum and Sources of Nonzero Skewness for Crop Yield Distributions
Creators: name: Tumusiime, Emmanuel
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Boyer, Christopher N.
name: Tumusiime, Emmanuel
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Boyer, Christopher N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: linear plateau model
subject: non-normal distributions
subject: skewness
subject: wheat
subject: yield distribution

description: Crop yields are not commonly found to be normally distributed, but the cause of the non-normal distribution is unclear. The non-normality might be due to weather variables and/or an underlying von Liebig law of the minimum (LoM) production function. Our objective is to determine the degree to which an underlying linear response stochastic plateau production function can explain the skewness of Oklahoma wheat yields at varied nitrogen rates. We use farm-level wheat data from a long-term experiment in Oklahoma, which is a unique data set to the literature. The Tembo et al. (2008) production function provides negative skewness at all levels of nitrogen with skewness near zero for both very high and very low levels of nitrogen. Observed skewness for wheat yields, however, is positive. The variation in the plateau by year shows positive skewness. Skewness in yield potential related to weather should be considered as a possible explanation of skewness.
Informed consent form
Creators: name: OConnor, Dominic
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110602 Exercise Physiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111204 Cancer Therapy (excl. Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: informed consent form
Statistical mechanics of a nonequilibrium steady-state classical particle system driven by a constant external force
Creators: name: Yao, Jie
name: Wang, Yanting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A classical particle system coupled with a thermostat driven by an external constant force reaches its steady state when the ensemble-averaged drift velocity does not vary with time. The statistical mechanics of such a system is derived merely based on the equal probability and ergodicity principles, free from any conclusions drawn on equilibrium statistical mechanics or local equilibrium hypothesis. The momentum space distribution is determined by a random walk argument, and the position space distribution is determined by employing the equal probability and ergodicity principles. The expressions for energy, entropy, free energy, and pressures are then deduced, and the relation among external force, drift velocity, and temperature is also established. Moreover, the relaxation towards its equilibrium is found to be an exponentially decaying process obeying the minimum entropy production theorem.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Discovery of Optical Emission in the Hotspots of Three 3CR Quasars: High-Energy Particle Acceleration in Powerful Radio Hotspots
Creators: name: Cheung, C. C.
name: Wardle, J. F. C.
name: Chen, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Archival Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 images were used to search for optical emission associated with the radio jets of a number of luminous quasars. From this search, we report new optical hotspot detections in the well-known blazar 3C~454.3 and the lobe-dominated quasars 3C~275.1 and 3C~336. We also find optical emission in the vicinity of the hotspot in 3C~208, but believe this is a chance alignment. Optical emission from the arcsecond-scale jet in 3C~454.3 is also detected. Multi-frequency archival radio data from the VLA and MERLIN are analyzed, and the synchrotron spectra of these high-power hotspots are presented. We estimate that their break frequencies are in the range of $10^{10}-10^{11}$ Hz, with large uncertainties due to the wide gap in frequency coverage between the radio and optical bands. We also calculate their equipartition magnetic fields, and find that the anti-correlation between break frequency and magnetic field found by Brunetti et al. for lower power hotspots extends to these high power hotspots. This supports their model of hot-spots based on shock acceleration and synchrotron losses.
description: ApJ accepted, 13 pages, downgraded quality figures for astro-ph
Osteoblast derived factors induce androgen independent proliferation and expression of prostate specific antige in human prostate cancer cells
Creators: name: Blaszczyk, Natalie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Prostate cancer metastasizes to the skeleton to form osteoblastic lesions. Androgen ablation is the current treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. This therapy is palliative and the disease will return in an androgen independent form that is preceded by a rising titer of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Factors secreted by osteoblasts have been implicated in mediating progression to androgen independence. Here we investigated the possibility that human osteoblasts might secrete factors that contribute to the emergence of androgen independent prostate cancer. Primary cultures of human osteoblasts were used as a source of conditioned medium (OCM). Proliferation, expression of androgen-regulated genes, and transactivation of the androgen receptor (AR) were monitored in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells in response to OCM using a proliferation assay, Northern blot analysis and reporter gene constructs. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) present in OCM were measured and its contribution to proliferation and expression of PSA was investigated by neutralization studies with anti IL-6 antibodies. OCM increased the proliferation and the expression of PSA at both the protein and RNA levels in LNCaP cells. Synergistic increases in the activities of PSA(6.1kb) and pARR₃-tk-luciferase reporters were measured in cells co-treated with both OCM and androgen. OCM targeted the N-terminal domain of the AR. The effect of OCM on transcriptional activity of the AR was inhibited by an antiandrogen. Neutralizing antibodies to IL-6 blocked proliferation and expression of PSA by OCM. Osteoblasts secrete factors such as IL-6 that cause androgen-independent induction of PSA gene expression and proliferation of prostate cancer cells by a mechanism that partially relies on the AR. Therefore, other AR-regulated genes involved in proliferation and regulatory mechanisms may also be activated in the absence of androgens by OCM. This suggests that the AR may play a role in the progression of prostate cancer to androgen independence by a mechanism initiated by factors secreted from the bone, such as IL-6. Identifying such molecular mechanisms may lead to improved clinical management of metastatic prostate cancer, which has a poor prognosis and significant morbidity and mortality.
Alabama Restaurant Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Local Food: A Choice Based Approach
Creators: name: Reynolds-Allie, Kenesha
name: Fields, Deacue
name: Reynolds-Allie, Kenesha
name: Fields, Deacue
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Restaurants
subject: Conjoint
subject: Local
subject: Chefs
subject: Preferences
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Direct marketing to restaurants has become increasingly popular as chefs desire high quality, fresh foods to meet the demand of their customers who are becoming more health conscious. Restaurants accounted for approximately 70 percent of the 2009 total food expenditures, and as a result represent a tremendous potential for developing a sustainable network with local growers. This study seeks to determine restaurant/chefs’ preferences for local food in Alabama using choice based conjoint analysis, as well as, determine challenges faced by restaurants interested in purchasing locally. Availability and lack of knowledge are found to be the major barriers to purchasing locally. Results also suggest there is great potential for direct marketing to restaurants in Alabama that producers are not currently utilizing.
Supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations I: M_BH-M_star relation and black hole mass function
Creators: name: Habouzit, Melanie
name: Li, Yuan
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: Genel, Shy
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Volonteri, Marta
name: Davé, Romeel
name: Rosas-Guevara, Yetli
name: McAlpine, Stuart
name: Peirani, Sébastien
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
name: Reines, Amy
name: Bower, Richard
name: Dubois, Yohan
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Pichon, Christophe
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The past decade has seen significant progress in understanding galaxy formation and evolution using large-scale cosmological simulations. While these simulations produce galaxies in overall good agreement with observations, they employ different sub-grid models for galaxies and supermassive black holes (BHs). We investigate the impact of the sub-grid models on the BH mass properties of the Illustris, TNG100, TNG300, Horizon-AGN, EAGLE, and SIMBA simulations, focusing on the M_BH-M_star relation and the BH mass function. All simulations predict tight M_BH-M_star relations, and struggle to produce the lowest (M_BH< 10^7.5 Msun) in galaxies of M_star~10^10.5-10^11.5 Msun. While the time evolution of the mean M_BH-M_star relation is mild (<1 dex in BH mass for 010^9 Msun in most of the simulations. The BH mass function is dominated by efficiently accreting BHs (log10 f_Edd >-2$) at high redshifts, and transitions progressively from the high-mass to the low-mass end to be governed by inactive BHs. The transition time and the contribution of active BHs are different among the simulations, and can be used to evaluate models against observations.
description: Published version - MNRAS
Proof of Caldararu's conjecture. An appendix to a paper by Yoshioka
Creators: name: Huybrechts, Daniel
name: Stellari, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that any orientation preserving Hodge isometry between the Hodge structures of two K3 surfaces X and X' twisted by Brauer classes $α$ resp. $α'$ can be lifted to a Fourier-Mukai equivalence between the derived categories of $α$ resp. $α'$-twisted sheaves.
description: 10 pages, to appear in Adv. Stud. in Pure Math. 43, Moduli spaces and arithmetic geometry. Final version. Minor mistakes corrected
Agricultural Nutrient Nonpoint Source Credits: A Comparison of State Crediting Procedures
Creators: name: Latane, Annah
name: Stephenson, Kurt
name: Latane, Annah
name: Stephenson, Kurt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: nutrient trading
subject: credits
subject: agriculture
subject: nonpoint

description: This paper compares agricultural nonpoint source crediting procedures between the Pennsylvania and Virginia nutrient trading programs. Differences in farm-level credit production across states will be evaluated for agricultural operations, holding nutrient reduction technologies constant. The implications for the agricultural sector and water quality are discussed.
Intensive versus Extensive Dairy Production Systems: Dairy States in the Eastern and Midwestern U.S. and Key Pasture Countries the E.U.: Determining the Competitive Edge
Creators: name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Gillespie, Jeffrey M.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Sauer, Johannes
name: Gillespie, Jeffrey M.
name: Hallahan, Charles B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: U.S.
subject: EU Countries
subject: Dairy Systems
subject: Technical Efficiency
subject: Returns To Scale
subject: Size
subject: Technology
subject: Land Prices

description: In recent years, significant structural and production system changes have been noted in the U.S. and European Union, as well as increased interest in pasture-based dairy systems. Technical efficiency, returns to scale, and farm characteristics are compared by size and production system in traditional U.S. dairy states and E.U. countries.
The Shape of the Inner Rim in Proto-Planetary Disks
Creators: name: Isella, Andrea
name: Natta, Antonella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper discusses the properties of the inner puffed-up rim which forms in circumstellar disks when dust evaporates. We argue that the rim shape is controlled by a fundamental property of circumstellar disks, namely their very large vertical density gradient, through the dependence of grain evaporation temperature on gas density. As a result, the bright side of the rim is "curved", rather than "vertical", as expected when a constant evaporation temperature is assumed. We have computed a number of rim models, which take into account this effect in a self-consistent way. The results show that the curved rim (as the vertical rim) emits most of its radiation in the near and mid-IR, and provides a simple explanation to the observed values of the near-IR excess (the "3 micron bump" of Herbig Ae stars). Contrary to the vertical rim, for curved rims the near-IR excess does not depend much on the inclination, being maximum for face-on objects. We have then computed synthetic images of the curved rim seen under different inclinations; face-on rims are seen as bright, centrally symmetric rings on the sky; increasing the inclination, the rim takes an elliptical shape, with one side brighter than the other.
description: Accepted by A&A, 11 pages, 10 figures
Symmetric Brownian motor
Creators: name: Gomez-Marin, A.
name: Sancho, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a model of a symmetric Brownian motor (SBM) which changes the sign of its velocity when the temperature gradient is inverted. The velocity, external work and efficiency are studied as a function of the temperatures of the baths and other relevant parameters. The motor shows a current reversal when another parameter (a phase shift) is varied. Analytical predictions and results from numerical simulations are performed and agree very well. Generic properties of this type of motors are discussed.
description: 8 pages and 10 figures
Information Fluctuation Theorem for an Open Quantum Bipartite System
Creators: name: Park, Jung Jun
name: Nha, Hyunchul
name: Kim, Sang Wook
name: Vedral, Vlatko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an arbitrary non-equilibrium dynamics of a quantum bipartite system coupled to a reservoir. For its characterization, we present a fluctuation theorem (FT) that explicitly addresses the quantum correlation of subsystems during the thermodynamic evolution. To our aim, we designate the local and the global states altogether in the time-forward and the time-reversed transition probabilities. In view of the two-point measurement scheme, only the global states are subject to measurements whereas the local states are used only as an augmented information on the composite system. We specifically derive a FT in such a form that relates the entropy production of local systems in the time-forward transition to the change of quantum correlation in the time-reversed transition. This also leads to a useful thermodynamic inequality and we illustrate its advantage by an example of an isothermal process on Werner states.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Opportunities and constraints for more sustainable sanitation through sanitation marketing in Malawi: Case study from Mzimba and Lilongwe districts
Creators: name: Kappauf, Leonie
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90409 Wastewater Treatment Processes
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Opportunities and constraints for more sustainable sanitation through sanitation marketing in Malawi: Case study from Mzimba and Lilongwe districts
Significance in gamma-ray astronomy - the Li & Ma problem in Bayesian statistics
Creators: name: Gillessen, S.
name: Harney, H. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The significance of having detected an astrophysical gamma ray source is usually calculated by means of a formula derived by Li & Ma in 1983. We solve the same problem in terms of Bayesian statistics, which provides a logically more satisfactory framework. We do not use any subjective elements in the present version of Bayesian statistics. We show that for large count numbers and a weak source the Li & Ma formula agrees with the Bayesian result. For other cases the two results differ, both due to the mathematically different treatment and the fact that only Bayesian inference can take into account prior knowldege.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Lepton mixing angle $θ_{13} = 0$ with a horizontal symmetry $D_4$
Creators: name: Grimus, W.
name: Joshipura, A. S.
name: Kaneko, S.
name: Lavoura, L.
name: Tanimoto, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a model for the lepton sector based on the seesaw mechanism and on a $D_4$ family symmetry. The model predicts the mixing angle $θ_{13}$ to vanish. The solar mixing angle $θ_{12}$ is free--it will in general be large if one does not invoke finetuning. The model has an enlarged scalar sector with three Higgs doublets, together with two real scalar gauge singlets $χ_i$ ($ i = 1, 2$) which have vacuum expectation values < χ_i >_0$ at the seesaw scale. The atmospheric mixing angle $θ_{23}$ is given by $\tan θ_{23} = _0$ /_0$, and it is maximal if the Lagrangian is $D_4$-invariant; but $D_4$ may be broken softly, by a term of dimension two in the scalar potential, and then < χ_2_0$ becomes different from < χ_1_0$. Thus, the strength of the soft $D_4$ breaking controls the deviation of $θ_{23}$ from $π/ 4$. The model predicts a normal neutrino mass spectrum ($m_3 > m_2 > m_1$) and allows successful leptogenesis if $m_1 \sim 4 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{eV}$; these properties of the model are independent of the presence and strength of the soft $D_4$ breaking.
description: 13 pages, one figure
Effect of Cover Crop Adoption on Nitrogen Use among Conventional and Organic Corn Farms – An Empirical Analysis
Creators: name: Chintawar, Sachin
name: Gabrielyan, Gnel
name: Westra, John V.
name: Chintawar, Sachin
name: Gabrielyan, Gnel
name: Westra, John V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Cover Crop Adoption
subject: Nitrogen Management
subject: Limited Dependent Endogenous Variable Model

description: Multiple studies have estimated factors influencing cover crop adoption which include control weed population (Ngouajio et al. 2002), increased soil health (Santhi Wicks and Richard Howitt, 2005), and increased productivity (Johannes M. S. Scholberg, Santiago Dogliotti, Lincoln Zotarelli, Corey M. Cherr, Carolina Leoni and Walter A. H. Rossing, 2010, Jason Bergtold, Jason Fewella, and Patricia Duffy, 2010). An externality of adoption of cover crops that has not been explored is its potential impact on the amount of nitrogen use by farmers. Using a 2009 survey of conventional and organic corn farmers in 7 states of the US, we estimate the factors affecting adoption of cover crops and its impact on nitrogen use. While nitrogen used by farmers is considered as left censored variable, adoption of cover crop is considered as an endogenous dummy variable. The resulting system is a two stage Limited Dependent Variable (LDV) model defined by the amount of nitrogen used by farmers, with endogenous dummy variable that investigates whether the farmer adopts cover crops. We conclude that farmers adopting cover crop technologies, that increase production efficiency, tend to decrease nitrogen fertilizer use. Further, this decrease is significantly higher among organic corn producers compared to conventional corn farmers.
Transverse oscillations in solar coronal loops induced by propagating Alfvenic pulses
Creators: name: Del Zanna, Luca
name: Schaekens, Eveline
name: Velli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation and the evolution of Alfvenic pulses in the solar coronal arcades is investigated by means of MHD numerical simulations. Significant transverse oscillations in coronal loops, triggered by nearby flare events, are often measured in EUV lines and are generally interpreted as standing kink modes. However, the damping times of these oscillations are typically very short (from one to a few periods) and the physical mechanism responsible for the decay is still a matter of debate. Moreover, the majority of the observed cases actually appears to be better modeled by propagating, rather than standing, modes. Here we perform 2.5-D compressible MHD simulations of impulsively generated Alfven waves propagating in a potential magnetic arcade (assumed as a simplified 2-D loop model), taking into account the stratification of the solar atmosphere with height from the photosphere to the corona. The results show a strong spreading of the initially localized pulses along the loop, due to the variations in the Alfven velocity with height, and correspondingly an efficient damping of the amplitude of the oscillations. We believe that simple explanations based on the effects of wave propagation in highly inhomogeneous media may apply to the majority of the reported cases, and that variations of the background density and Alfven speed along the loop should be considered as key ingredients in future models.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A on 26 October 2004; 10 pages, 8 figures
Deciding when it’s labour : the experience of women who have received antepartum care at home
Creators: name: Palmer, M. Lynne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Antepartum care at home, including self-assessment teaching and help-seeking guidelines, replaces hospital care for some Canadian women who have a diagnosis of preterm labour. It is not known how these women decide if they are experiencing a subsequent episode of labour or whether or not they should seek help. The purpose of this study was to describe the decision-making process used by women to identify and respond to a subsequent episode of labour when they had received antepartum care at home for preterm labour prior to 34 weeks gestation. Grounded theory was chosen as the research method. Twelve women were interviewed, and interview transcriptions and their self-kept symptom records were analyzed. "Reconciling body knowledge and professional knowledge" was found to be the core psychosocial process that these women used to decide if their symptoms represented labour and whether or not to seek help. Women in the study described, "knowing something's not right" as they used their body knowledge to appraise a change in symptoms compared to their baseline symptoms. Study participants used helpseeking guidelines to decide when to return to hospital for the first episode of symptoms after receiving antepartum care at home. However, when they returned to hospital to "see what's going on," and body knowledge did not coincide with professional knowledge, an overriding tension between not wanting to take a risk for the baby versus not wanting to over-react, influenced their future decisions. These women re-established their baselines of nonthreatening symptoms at a higher level by "setting a new normal" to decide if future episodes represented labour. Reconciling body knowledge and professional knowledge was a deliberate strategy used by these women to prevent humiliation associated with appearing to over-react. Research findings offer guidance to health care professionals to respond optimally to the emotional needs of women experiencing recurrent preterm labour symptoms. Greater understanding of why women delay help-seeking illuminates the importance of buffering factors that cause women to doubt their body knowledge. Nursing interventions should be geared to reducing anxiety and reinforcing beliefs in self-efficacy related to identifying labour and seeking help in a timely fashion.