cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fecal DNA versus Fecal Occult Blood for Colorectal-Cancer Screening in an Average-Risk Population
Creators: name: Turnbull, Barry A.
name: Imperiale, Thomas F.
name: Ransohoff, David F.
name: Ross, Michael E.
name: Itzkowitz, Steven H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: BACKGROUND Although fecal occult-blood testing is the only available noninvasive screening method that reduces the risk of death from colorectal cancer, it has limited sensitivity. We compared an approach that identifies abnormal DNA in stool samples with the Hemoccult II fecal occult-blood test in average-risk, asymptomatic persons 50 years of age or older. METHODS Eligible subjects submitted one stool specimen for DNA analysis, underwent standard Hemoccult II testing, and then underwent colonoscopy. Of 5486 subjects enrolled, 4404 completed all aspects ofthe study. A subgroup of 2507 subjects was analyzed, including all those with a diagnosis of invasive adenocarcinoma or advanced adenoma plus randomly chosen subjects with no polyps or minor polyps. The fecal DNA panel consisted of 21 mutations. RESULTS The fecal DNA panel detected 16 of 31 invasive cancers, whereas Hemoccult II identified 4 of 31 (51.6 percent vs. 12.9 percent, P=0.003). The DNA panel detected 29 of 71 invasive cancers plus adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, whereas Hemoccult II identified 10 of 71 (40.8 percent vs. 14.1 percent, P<0.001). Among 418 subjects with advanced neoplasia (defined as a tubular adenoma at least 1 cm in diameter, a polyp with a villous histologic appearance, a polyp with high-grade dysplasia, or cancer), the DNA panel was positive in 76 (18.2 percent), whereas Hemoccult II was positive in 45 (10.8 percent). Specificity in subjects with negative findings on colonoscopy was 94.4 percent for the fecal DNA panel and 95.2 percent for Hemoccult II. CONCLUSIONS Although the majority of neoplastic lesions identified by colonoscopy were not detected by either noninvasive test, the multitarget analysis of fecal DNA detected a greater proportion of important colorectal neoplasia than did Hemoccult II without compromising specificity.
Falling Short of the Promise of the Thirteenth Amendment: Time for Change
Creators: name: Lawrence, Michael
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2021

description: This Essay seeks to shine additional light on the potential of the underutilized Thirteenth Amendment (as contrasted to the much-litigated Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause) for advancing racial justice and equity. The Essay suggests the Thirteenth Amendment provides strong constitutional basis for an unapologetic embrace of the sorts of new, race-conscious measures that will be necessary to begin to achieve true racial equity in a country that for centuries has erected massive structural barriers to Black opportunity and advancement.
Laboratory and statistical methods from Geographical and host species barriers differentially affect generalist and specialist parasite community structure in a tropical sky-island archipelago
Creators: name: Gupta, Pooja
name: C. K. Vishnudas
name: Ramakrishnan, Uma
name: V. V. Robin
name: Guha Dharmarajan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Detailed information on field sampling; PCR, DNA sequencing; parasite/host phylogenetic analyses; host specificity and co-phylogenetic analyses.
Supplementary analyses; Individual-based simulations; questions and answers from The strategic reference gene: an organismal theory of inclusive fitness.
Creators: name: Fromhage, Lutz
name: Jennions, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: How to define and use the concept of inclusive fitness is a contentious topic in evolutionary theory. Inclusive fitness can be used to calculate selection on a focal gene, but it is also applied to whole organisms. Individuals are then predicted to appear designed as if to maximize their inclusive fitness, provided that certain conditions are met (formally when interactions between individuals are ‘additive’). Here we argue that applying the concept of inclusive fitness to organisms is justified under far broader conditions than previously shown, but only if it is appropriately defined. Specifically, we propose that organisms should maximize the sum of their offspring (including any accrued due to the behaviour/phenotype of relatives), plus any effects on their relatives' offspring production, weighted by relatedness. By contrast, most theoreticians have argued that a focal individual's inclusive fitness should exclude any offspring accrued due to the behaviour of relatives. Our approach is based on the notion that long-term evolution follows the genome's ‘majority interest’ of building coherent bodies that are efficient ‘vehicles’ for gene propagation. A gene favoured by selection that reduces the propagation of unlinked genes at other loci (e.g. meiotic segregation distorters that lower sperm production) is eventually neutralized by counter-selection throughout the rest of the genome. Most phenotypes will therefore appear as if designed to maximize the propagation of any given gene in a focal individual and its relatives.
Palifermin for Oral Mucositis after Intensive Therapy for Hematologic Cancers
Creators: name: Blazar, Bruce R.
name: Emmanouilides, Christos
name: Sung, Eric C.
name: Stiff, Patrick
name: McCarty, John
name: LeMaistre, Frederick
name: Elhardt, Dieter
name: Bensinger, William
name: Shea, Thomas
name: Chen, Mon Gy
name: Kewalramani, Tarun
name: Hansen, Keith
name: Spielberger, Ricardo
name: Gentile, Teresa
name: Weisdorf, Daniel
name: Noga, Stephen
name: Yanovich, Saul
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: BACKGROUND Oral mucositis is a complication of intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy with no effective treatment. We tested the ability ofpalifermin (recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor) to decrease oral mucosal injury induced by cytotoxic therapy. METHODS This double-blind study compared the effect ofpalifermin with that of a placebo on the development of oral mucositis in 212 patients with hematologic cancers; 106 patients received palifermin (60 μg per kilogram ofbody weight per day) and 106 received a placebo intravenously for three consecutive days immediately before the initiation of conditioning therapy (fractionated total-body irradiation plus high-dose chemotherapy) and after autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Oral mucositis was evaluated daily for 28 days after transplantation. RESULTS The incidence oforal mucositis of World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3 or 4 was 63 percent in the palifermin group and 98 percent in the placebo group (P<0.001). Among patients with this degree of mucositis, the median duration of mucositis was 6 days (range, 1 to 22) in the palifermin group and 9 days (range, 1 to 27) in the placebo group. Among all patients, regardless ofthe occurrence of mucositis, the median duration of oral mucositis of WHO grade 3 or 4 was 3 days (range, 0 to 22) in the palifermin group and 9 days (range, 0 to 27) in the placebo group (P<0.001). As compared with placebo, palifermin was associated with significant reductions in the incidence of grade 4 oral mucositis (20 percent vs. 62 percent, P<0.001), patient-reported soreness of the mouth and throat (area-under-the-curve score, 29.0 [range, 0 to 98] vs. 46.8 [range, 0 to 110]; P<0.001), the use ofopioid analgesics (median, 212 mg ofmorphine equivalents [range, 0 to 9418] vs. 535 mg of morphine equivalents [range, 0 to 9418], P<0.001), and the incidence of use of total parenteral nutrition (31 percent vs. 55 percent, P<0.001). Adverse events, mainly rash, pruritus, erythema, mouth and tongue disorders, and taste alteration, were mild to moderate in severity and were transient CONCLUSIONS Palifermin reduced the duration and severity oforal mucositis after intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy for hematologic cancers.
Valutazione dei benefici sul paesaggio delle azioni di politica rurale in Veneto
Creators: name: Tempesta, Tiziano
name: Vecchiato, Daniel
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2017

description: This study addresses, with reference to the landscape, a precise request of the EU to quantify the benefits of public expenditure in agriculture. It analyses the implications on rural landscape of some measures of the Common Agricultural Policy at a regional level, taking the Rural Development Programme (RDP) 2007-2013 of the Veneto Region, in north-eastern Italy, as case study. A choice experiment (CE) is applied to value four measures of the RDP that directly affect the landscape characteristics. The CE results point out that the landscape benefits of the measures in the Veneto RDP are higher than the subsidies paid to farmers for the provision of services that improve landscape quality. The CE results suggest the opportunity to rethink the distribution of the subsidies.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 70 (2017)
PERCEIVE Cultural Probe Kit on Caring attitude in XR experiences: activity book, diary and art practices for designers to explore and solicit care in Cultural Heritage domain
Creators: name: Sofia, Pescarin
name: Gabriele, Fiorenza
name: Manuele, Veggi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Caring Attitude
Digital Heritage
Interactive Media Design
Human Computer Interaction
Virtual Museum

description: This work was originally part of a research project conducted by CNR ISPC and the University of Bologna – DHDK (Interactive Media Design course). It has been in this second edition further developed within PERCEIVE project on the study of caring attitude and place attachment. PERCEIVE, Perceptive enhanced realities of colored collections through AI and virtual experiences (Grant Agreement N. 101061157), has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program, http://www.perceive-horizon.eu This Cultural Probe Kit is composed by four sections and it is used to explore the complexity of "Caring" concept in the domain of XR and Digital Heritage; it has been provided, it in its paper version, to groups of potential users of interactive media applications in the field of Cultural Heritage and Art.
I ruoli emergenti delle Università per co-creare percorsi di innovazione sostenibile: alcune evidenze dalla Regione Marche
Creators: name: Rinaldi, Chiara
name: Cavicchi, Alessio
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2017

description: Rural areas are characterised by having a myriad of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) with generally low levels of knowledge, more concerned about day-to-day survival than long-term sustainable development strategies. In order to encourage rural development, multi-stakeholder networks involving Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have been recognized as the best way to use existent resources and stimulate interaction and knowledge exchange. On the other hand, the presence of heterogeneous stakeholder groups marked by distinctive set of values and ideologies make cooperation in rural areas harder. Given these premises, this paper aims at determining what roles universities can assume in multi-stakeholder networks, in order to support materialisation of sustainable development.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 69 (2016)
(1256) Fanny Hardwick
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Experimental constraints on the coupling of the Higgs boson to electrons
Creators: name: Altmannshofer, Wolfgang
name: Brod, Joachim
name: Schmaltz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the standard model (SM), the coupling of the Higgs boson to electrons is real and very small, proportional to the electron mass. New physics could significantly modify both real and imaginary parts of this coupling. We discuss experiments which are sensitive to the Higgs-electron coupling and derive the current bounds on new physics contributing to this coupling. The strongest constraint follows from the ACME bound on the electron electric dipole moment (EDM). We calculate the full analytic two-loop result for the electron EDM and show that it bounds the imaginary part of the Higgs-electron coupling to be less than 1.7 x 10^-2 times the SM electron Yukawa coupling. Deviations of the real part are much less constrained. We discuss bounds from Higgs decays, resonant Higgs production at electron colliders, Higgs mediated B -> e^+ e^- decays, and the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. Currently, the strongest constraint comes from h -> e^+ e^- at the LHC, bounding the coupling to be less than ~600 times the SM Yukawa coupling. Important improvements can be expected from future EDM measurements as well as from resonant Higgs production at a next-generation high-luminosity e^+ e^- collider.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Triple-Nucleoside Regimens versus Efavirenz-Containing Regimens for the Initial Treatment of HIV-1 Infection
Creators: name: Shikuma, Cecilia M.
name: Meyer III, William A.
name: Schackman, Bruce R.
name: Ribaudo, Heather J.
name: Murphy, Robert L.
name: Snyder, Sally
name: Squires, Kathleen E.
name: Witt, Mallory D.
name: Klingman, Karin L.
name: Reichman, Richard C.
name: Pilcher, Christopher D.
name: Gulick, Roy M.
name: Kuritzkes, Daniel R.
name: Acosta, Edward P.
name: Maher, William E.
name: Lustgarten, Stephanie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: BACKGROUND Regimens containing three nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors offer an alternative to regimens containing nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors for the initial treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but data from direct comparisons are limited. METHODS This randomized, double-blind study involved three antiretroviral regimens for the initial treatment of subjects infected with HIV-1: zidovudine-lamivudine-abacavir, zidovudine-lamivudine plus efavirenz, and zidovudine-lamivudine-abacavir plus efavirenz. RESULTS We enrolled a total of 1147 subjects with a mean baseline HIV-1 RNA level of 4.85 log10(71,434) copies per milliliter and a mean CD4 cell count of 238 per cubic millimeter were enrolled. A scheduled review by the data and safety monitoring board with the use ofprespecified stopping boundaries led to a recommendation to stop the triple-nucleoside group and to present the results in the triple-nucleoside group in comparison with pooled data from the efavirenz groups. After a median follow-up of 32 weeks, 82 of 382 subjects in the triple-nucleoside group (21 percent) and 85 of 765 ofthose in the combined efavirenz groups (11 percent) had virologic failure; the time to virologic failure was significantly shorter in the triple-nucleoside group (P<0.001). This difference was observed regardless of the pretreatment HIV-1 RNA stratum (at least 100,000 copies per milliliter or below this level; P≤0.001 for both comparisons). Changes in the CD4 cell count and the incidence of grade 3 or grade 4 adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS In this trial of the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection, the triple-nucleoside combination ofabacavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine was virologically inferior to a regimen containing efavirenz and two or three nucleosides.
Supplementary analyses; Individual-based simulations; questions and answers from The strategic reference gene: an organismal theory of inclusive fitness
Creators: name: Fromhage, Lutz
name: Jennions, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: How to define and use the concept of inclusive fitness is a contentious topic in evolutionary theory. Inclusive fitness can be used to calculate selection on a focal gene, but it is also applied to whole organisms. Individuals are then predicted to appear designed as if to maximize their inclusive fitness, provided that certain conditions are met (formally when interactions between individuals are ‘additive’). Here we argue that applying the concept of inclusive fitness to organisms is justified under far broader conditions than previously shown, but only if it is appropriately defined. Specifically, we propose that organisms should maximize the sum of their offspring (including any accrued due to the behaviour/phenotype of relatives), plus any effects on their relatives' offspring production, weighted by relatedness. By contrast, most theoreticians have argued that a focal individual's inclusive fitness should exclude any offspring accrued due to the behaviour of relatives. Our approach is based on the notion that long-term evolution follows the genome's ‘majority interest’ of building coherent bodies that are efficient ‘vehicles’ for gene propagation. A gene favoured by selection that reduces the propagation of unlinked genes at other loci (e.g. meiotic segregation distorters that lower sperm production) is eventually neutralized by counter-selection throughout the rest of the genome. Most phenotypes will therefore appear as if designed to maximize the propagation of any given gene in a focal individual and its relatives.
Trading Information between Latents in Hierarchical Variational Autoencoders
Creators: name: Xiao, Tim Z.
name: Bamler, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) were originally motivated (Kingma & Welling, 2014) as probabilistic generative models in which one performs approximate Bayesian inference. The proposal of $β$-VAEs (Higgins et al., 2017) breaks this interpretation and generalizes VAEs to application domains beyond generative modeling (e.g., representation learning, clustering, or lossy data compression) by introducing an objective function that allows practitioners to trade off between the information content ("bit rate") of the latent representation and the distortion of reconstructed data (Alemi et al., 2018). In this paper, we reconsider this rate/distortion trade-off in the context of hierarchical VAEs, i.e., VAEs with more than one layer of latent variables. We identify a general class of inference models for which one can split the rate into contributions from each layer, which can then be tuned independently. We derive theoretical bounds on the performance of downstream tasks as functions of the individual layers' rates and verify our theoretical findings in large-scale experiments. Our results provide guidance for practitioners on which region in rate-space to target for a given application.
description: Accepted for ICLR 2023; 9 pages + appendix
Come rendere operative le raccomandazioni UNESCO sul paesaggio storico urbano: a position paper
Creators: name: Angrisano, Mariarosaria
name: Biancamano, Paolo Franco
name: Bosone, Martina
name: Carone, Paola
name: Daldanise, Gaia
name: De Rosa, Fortuna
name: Franciosa, Alfredo
name: Gravagnuolo, Antonia
name: Iodice, Silvia
name: Nocca, Francesca
name: Onesti, Anna
name: Panaro, Simona
name: Ragozino, Stefania
name: Sannicandro, Valentina
name: Fusco Girard, Luigi
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2017

description: This position paper critically analyses the process to implement the UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (2011), exploring evaluation tools, innovative business / management models and financing tools for the conservation and regeneration of Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), to make it operational in the perspective of a circular economy model of sustainable development for city / territory system regeneration. Through evaluation tools, it is possible to pass from general principles to operational practices; to produce empirical evidence of the economic, social and environmental benefits of HUL integrated conservation and regeneration. The challenge of generating a symbiosis between conservation and transformation issues requires adequate evaluation methods, business, management and financing tools, engaging civil society and local stakeholders, capturing both HUL tangible and intangible values to turn the historic urban landscape into a driver of sustainable growth. The analysis carried out in this paper shows that through the suggested tools it is possible to make operational the UNESCO Recommendations, transforming conflicts into opportunities, producing economic attractiveness and strengthen social awareness and cohesion.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 69 (2016)
Diverse Human Motion Prediction Guided by Multi-Level Spatial-Temporal Anchors
Creators: name: Xu, Sirui
name: Wang, Yu-Xiong
name: Gui, Liang-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predicting diverse human motions given a sequence of historical poses has received increasing attention. Despite rapid progress, existing work captures the multi-modal nature of human motions primarily through likelihood-based sampling, where the mode collapse has been widely observed. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective approach that disentangles randomly sampled codes with a deterministic learnable component named anchors to promote sample precision and diversity. Anchors are further factorized into spatial anchors and temporal anchors, which provide attractively interpretable control over spatial-temporal disparity. In principle, our spatial-temporal anchor-based sampling (STARS) can be applied to different motion predictors. Here we propose an interaction-enhanced spatial-temporal graph convolutional network (IE-STGCN) that encodes prior knowledge of human motions (e.g., spatial locality), and incorporate the anchors into it. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach outperforms state of the art in both stochastic and deterministic prediction, suggesting it as a unified framework for modeling human motions. Our code and pretrained models are available at https://github.com/Sirui-Xu/STARS.
description: ECCV 2022 (Oral); Project Page: https://sirui-xu.github.io/STARS/
Can extra dimensional effects allow wormholes without exotic matter?
Creators: name: Kar, Sayan
name: Lahiri, Sayantani
name: SenGupta, Soumitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the existence of Lorentzian wormholes in the context of an effective on-brane, scalar-tensor theory of gravity. In such theories, the timelike convergence condition, which is always violated for wormholes, has contributions, via the field equations,from on-brane matter as well as from an effective geometric stress energy generated by a bulk-induced radion field. It is shown that, for a class of wormholes, the required on-brane matter, as seen by an on-brane observer in the Jordan frame, is not exotic and does not violate the Weak Energy Condition. The presence of the effective geometric stress energy in addition to on-brane matter, is largely responsible for creating this intriguing possibility. Thus, if such wormholes are ever found to exist in the Universe, they would clearly provide pointers towards the existence of a warped extra dimension as proposed in the two-brane model of Randall and Sundrum.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Physics Letters B
(1250) Dorothy Clayton [Morrison]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
One supplementary file containing additional supplementary text, tables and figures. from Older paternal ages and grandpaternal ages at conception predict longer telomeres in human descendants.
Creators: name: Eisenberg, Dan T. A.
name: Lee, Nanette R.
name: Rej, Peter H.
name: M. Geoffrey Hayes
name: Kuzawa, Christopher W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Telomere length (TL) declines with age in most human tissues, and shorter TL appears to accelerate senescence. By contrast, men's sperm TL is positively correlated with age. Correspondingly, in humans, older paternal age at conception (PAC) predicts longer offspring TL. We have hypothesized that this PAC effect could persist across multiple generations, and thereby contribute to a transgenerational genetic plasticity that increases expenditures on somatic maintenance as the average age at reproduction is delayed within a lineage. Here, we examine TL data from 3282 humans together with PAC data across four generations. In this sample, the PAC effect is detectable in children and grandchildren. The PAC effect is transmitted through the matriline and patriline with similar strength and is characterized by a generational decay. PACs of more distant male ancestors were not significant predictors, although statistical power was limited in these analyses. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the PAC effect is linear, not moderated by offspring age, or maternal age, and is robust to controls for income, urbanicity and ancestry. These findings show that TL reflects the age at the reproduction of recent male matrilineal and patrilineal ancestors, with an effect that decays across generations.
(1248) Gerold Fancourt Clayton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Combined Oral Contraceptives in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Creators: name: Mackay, Meggan
name: Davis, John
name: Hahn, Bevra H.
name: Licciardi, Frederick
name: Friedman, Alan
name: Askanase, Anca D.
name: Rupel, Ann
name: Cronin, Mary
name: Sigler, Lisa
name: Petri, Michelle
name: Diamond, Betty
name: Dooley, Mary Anne
name: Hearth-Holmes, Michelene
name: Belmont, H. Michael
name: Lockshin, Michael
name: Merrill, Joan T.
name: Fillius, Michael
name: Sammaritano, Lisa R.
name: Kalunian, Kenneth C.
name: McCune, W. Joseph
name: Tan, Mark
name: Kim, Mimi Y.
name: Von Feldt, Joan
name: Grossman, Jennifer
name: Buyon, Jill P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: BACKGROUND Oral contraceptives are rarely prescribed for women with systemic lupus erythematosus, because of concern about potential negative side effects. In this double-blind, randomized, noninferiority trial, we prospectively evaluated the effect of oral contraceptives on lupus activity in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS A total of 183 women with inactive (76 percent) or stable active (24 percent) systemic lupus erythematosus at 15 U.S. sites were randomly assigned to receive either oral contraceptives (triphasic ethinyl estradiol at a dose of 35 pgplus norethindrone at a dose of 0.5 to 1 mg for 12 cycles of 28 days each; 91 women) or placebo (92 women) and were evaluated atmonths 1,2,3,6,9, and 12. Subjects were excluded ifthey had moderate or high levels ofanticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, or a history of thrombosis. RESULTS The primary end point, a severe lupus flare, occurred in 7 of 91 subjects receiving oral contraceptives (7.7 percent) as compared with 7 of92 subjects receiving placebo (7.6 percent). The 12-month rates of severe flare were similar: 0.084 for the group receiving oral contraceptives and 0.087 for the placebo group (P=0.95; upper limit of the one-sided 95 percent confidence interval for this difference, 0.069, which is within the prespecified 9 percent margin for noninferiority). Rates of mild or moderate flares were 1.40 flares per person-year for subjects receiving oral contraceptives and 1.44 flares per person-year for subjects receiving placebo (relative risk, 0.98; P=0.86). In the group that was randomized to receive oral contraceptives, there was one deep venous thrombosis and one clotted graft; in the placebo group, there was one deep venous thrombosis, one ocular thrombosis, one superficial thrombophlebitis, and one death (after cessation of the trial). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that oral contraceptives do not increase the risk of flare among women with systemic lupus erythematosus whose disease is stable.
One supplementary file containing additional supplementary text, tables and figures. from Older paternal ages and grandpaternal ages at conception predict longer telomeres in human descendants
Creators: name: Eisenberg, Dan T. A.
name: Lee, Nanette R.
name: Rej, Peter H.
name: M. Geoffrey Hayes
name: Kuzawa, Christopher W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Telomere length (TL) declines with age in most human tissues, and shorter TL appears to accelerate senescence. By contrast, men's sperm TL is positively correlated with age. Correspondingly, in humans, older paternal age at conception (PAC) predicts longer offspring TL. We have hypothesized that this PAC effect could persist across multiple generations, and thereby contribute to a transgenerational genetic plasticity that increases expenditures on somatic maintenance as the average age at reproduction is delayed within a lineage. Here, we examine TL data from 3282 humans together with PAC data across four generations. In this sample, the PAC effect is detectable in children and grandchildren. The PAC effect is transmitted through the matriline and patriline with similar strength and is characterized by a generational decay. PACs of more distant male ancestors were not significant predictors, although statistical power was limited in these analyses. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the PAC effect is linear, not moderated by offspring age, or maternal age, and is robust to controls for income, urbanicity and ancestry. These findings show that TL reflects the age at the reproduction of recent male matrilineal and patrilineal ancestors, with an effect that decays across generations.
Urban spatial structure and land use fragmentation: the case of Milan FUA
Creators: name: Guastella, Gianni
name: Pareglio, Stefano
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2017

description: We study the relationship between urban spatial structure and land use fragmentation in the Functional Urban Area (FUA) of Milan to understand if and how the urban morphology influences the patterns of land use at the metropolitan scale. Using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis, we find that the spatial structure of the urbanisation in the study area follows the traditional monocentric distribution in the south while multi-centricity characterises the north to the largest extent. Findings suggest clearly that different urban spatial structures lead to diverse patterns of land use. In particular, it appears that the degree of discontinuity of residential areas is lower in the presence of secondary sub-centres compared to the mono-centric distribution.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 69 (2016)
Quark matter in high-mass neutron stars?
Creators: name: Lastowiecki, R.
name: Blaschke, D.
name: Fischer, T.
name: Klahn, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent measurements of the masses of the pulsars PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J0348-0432 provide independent proof for the existence of neutron stars with masses in range of 2 $M_\odot$. This fact has significant implications for the physics of high density matter and it challenges the hypothesis that the cores of NS can be composed of deconfined quark matter. In this contribution we study a description of quark matter based on the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio effective model and construct the equation of state for matter in beta equilibrium. This equation of state together with the hadronic Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock equation of state is used here to describe neutron star and hybrid star configurations. We show that compact stars masses of 2 $M_\odot$ are compatible with the possible existence of deconfined quark matter in their core.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Studio delle determinanti del valore degli affitti agrari. Potenzialità dell’uso di microdati e applicazione del metodo dei prezzi edonici
Creators: name: Pirani, Alberto
name: Gaviglio, Anna
name: Demartini, Eugenio
name: Gelati, Marco
name: Cavicchioli, Daniele
Publisher: name: Aestimum
Year: 2017

description: The paper aims at isolating factors affecting farmland rents and estimating their effect using hedonic pricing model. Unlike the majority or similar analysis, based on Census aggregated data or surveys, we used a sample of microdata based on land rent contracts signed in the Province of Mantova over the period 2010-2014, matched with other territorial or census databases. We focused on the effect of farmland use on rent price, estimating their implicit values, i.e. the shadow prices. The research findings may help stakeholders and researchers interested in rental market dynamics, in particular at local level. Empirically grounded and transparent information on rental market may provide a new tool for contract negotiation among owners and tenants, improving, at the same time, farmers’ choices.
description: Aestimum, Aestimum 69 (2016)
Supplementary Material MG final submitted.docx from Electrochemical mapping of oxygenation in the three-dimensional multicellular tumour hemi-spheroid.
Creators: name: Disha B. Sheth
name: Miklόs Gratzl
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 91306 Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Blood capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients to surrounding micro-regions of tissue and carry away metabolic waste. In normal tissue, capillaries are close enough to keep all the cells viable. In solid tumours, the capillary system is chaotic and typical inter-capillary distances are larger than in normal tissue. Therefore, hypoxic regions develop. Drug molecules may not reach these areas at concentrations above the lethal level. The combined effect of low drug concentrations and local hypoxia, often exacerbated by acidity, leads to therapy failure. To better understand the interplay between hypoxia and poor drug penetration, oxygenation needs to be assessed in different areas of inter-capillary tissue. The multicellular tumour spheroid is a well-established three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of the capillary microenvironment. It is used to mimic nascent tumours and micro-metastases as well. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that dynamic intra-spheroidal oxygen maps can be obtained at the 3D multicellular tumour hemi-spheroid (MCH) using a non-invasive microelectrode array. The same oxygen distributions exist inside the equivalent but less accessible full spheroid. The MCH makes high throughput—high content analysis of spheroids feasible and thus can assist studies on basic cancer biology, drug development and personalized medicine.
Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia
Creators: name: Rosenheck, Robert A.
name: McEvoy, Joseph P.
name: Severe, Joanne
name: Lebowitz, Barry D.
name: Scott Stroup, T.
name: Lieberman, Jeffrey A.
name: Keefe, Richard S.E.
name: Davis, Clarence E.
name: Hsiao, John K.
name: Davis, Sonia M.
name: Swartz, Marvin S.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: BACKGROUND The relative effectiveness of second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs as compared with that of older agents has been incompletely addressed, though newer agents are currently used far more commonly. We compared a first-generation antipsychotic, perphenazine, with several newer drugs in a double-blind study. METHODS A total of 1493 patients with schizophrenia were recruited at 57 U.S. sites and randomly assigned to receive olanzapine (7.5 to 30 mg per day), perphenazine (8 to 32 mg per day), quetiapine (200 to 800 mg per day), or risperidone (1.5 to 6.0 mg per day) for up to 18 months. Ziprasidone (40 to 160 mg per day) was included after its approval by the Food and Drug Administration. The primary aim was to delineate differences in the overall effectiveness of these five treatments. RESULTS Overall, 74 percent of patients discontinued the study medication before 18 months (1061 of the 1432 patients who received at least one dose): 64 percent of those assigned to olanzapine, 75 percent of those assigned to perphenazine, 82 percent of those assigned to quetiapine, 74 percent of those assigned to risperidone, and 79 percent of those assigned to ziprasidone. The time to the discontinuation of treatment for any cause was significantly longer in the olanzapine group than in the quetiapine (P<0.001) or risperidone (P=0.002) group, but not in the perphenazine (P=0.021) or ziprasidone (P=0.028) group. The times to discontinuation because of intolerable side effects were similar among the groups, but the rates differed (P=0.04); olanzapine was associated with more discontinuation for weight gain or metabolic effects, and perphenazine was associated with more discontinuation for extrapyramidal effects. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients in each group discontinued their assigned treatment owing to inefficacy or intolerable side effects or for other reasons. Olanzapine was the most effective in terms of the rates of discontinuation, and the efficacy of the conventional antipsychotic agent perphenazine appeared similar to that of quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone. Olanzapine was associated with greater weight gain and increases in measures of glucose and lipid metabolism.
Quark-Novae in massive binaries : a model for double-humped, hydrogen-poor, superluminous Supernovae
Creators: name: Ouyed, Rachid
name: Leahy, Denis
name: Koning, Nico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LSQ14bdq and SN 2006oz are super-luminous, hydrogen-poor, SNe with double-humped light curves. We show that a Quark-Nova (QN; explosive transition of the neutron star to a quark star) occurring in a massive binary, experiencing two Common Envelope (CE) phases, can quantitatively explain the light curves of LSQ14bdq and SN 2006oz. The more massive component (A) explodes first as a normal SN, yielding a Neutron Star which ejects the hydrogen envelope of the companion when the system enters its first CE phase. During the second CE phase, the NS spirals into and inflates the second He-rich CE. In the process it gains mass and triggers a Quark-Nova, outside of the CO core, leaving behind a Quark Star. The first hump in our model is the QN shock re-energizing the expanded He-rich CE. The QN occurs when the He-rich envelope is near maximum size (~ 1000R_sun) and imparts enough energy to unbind and eject the envelope. Subsequent merging of the Quark Star with the CO core of component B, driven by gravitational radiation, turns the Quark star to a Black Hole. The ensuing Black Hole accretion provides sufficient power for the second brighter and long lasting hump. Our model suggests a possible connection between SLSNe-I and type Ic-BL SNe which occur when the Quark Nova is triggered inside the CO core. We estimate the rate of QNe in massive binaries during the second CE phase to be ~ 5x10^(-5) of that of core-collapse SNe.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. See http://www.quarknova.ca/LCGallery.htmlL for a picture gallery of the QN fits to other super-luminous and double-humped SNe
lay abstract 2nd revision technical submission.docx from Electrochemical mapping of oxygenation in the three-dimensional multicellular tumour hemi-spheroid.
Creators: name: Disha B. Sheth
name: Miklόs Gratzl
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 91306 Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Blood capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients to surrounding micro-regions of tissue and carry away metabolic waste. In normal tissue, capillaries are close enough to keep all the cells viable. In solid tumours, the capillary system is chaotic and typical inter-capillary distances are larger than in normal tissue. Therefore, hypoxic regions develop. Drug molecules may not reach these areas at concentrations above the lethal level. The combined effect of low drug concentrations and local hypoxia, often exacerbated by acidity, leads to therapy failure. To better understand the interplay between hypoxia and poor drug penetration, oxygenation needs to be assessed in different areas of inter-capillary tissue. The multicellular tumour spheroid is a well-established three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of the capillary microenvironment. It is used to mimic nascent tumours and micro-metastases as well. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that dynamic intra-spheroidal oxygen maps can be obtained at the 3D multicellular tumour hemi-spheroid (MCH) using a non-invasive microelectrode array. The same oxygen distributions exist inside the equivalent but less accessible full spheroid. The MCH makes high throughput—high content analysis of spheroids feasible and thus can assist studies on basic cancer biology, drug development and personalized medicine.
The Newtonian mechanics of a Vibrot
Creators: name: Torres, Harol
name: Freixas, Victor M.
name: Adán, Danyer Pérez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mechanical model was developed to describe the behaviour of a device able to transform vibrations into rotations, named Vibrot. The theoretical model, developed in the newtonian formulation of mechanics, was able to reproduce qualitatively all the experimental results existing in the literature, and quantitatively some of them.
(1249) Sydney Armitage-Smith
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.