cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Geometric Model Checking of Continuous Space
Creators: name: Bezhanishvili, Nick
name: Ciancia, Vincenzo
name: Gabelaia, David
name: Grilletti, Gianluca
name: Latella, Diego
name: Massink, Mieke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1; D.2.4; I.2.4; I.3.6; I.4.6; I.5.4
subject: 68Q60

description: Topological Spatial Model Checking is a recent paradigm where model checking techniques are developed for the topological interpretation of Modal Logic. The Spatial Logic of Closure Spaces, SLCS, extends Modal Logic with reachability connectives that, in turn, can be used for expressing interesting spatial properties, such as "being near to" or "being surrounded by". SLCS constitutes the kernel of a solid logical framework for reasoning about discrete space, such as graphs and digital images, interpreted as quasi discrete closure spaces. Following a recently developed geometric semantics of Modal Logic, we propose an interpretation of SLCS in continuous space, admitting a geometric spatial model checking procedure, by resorting to models based on polyhedra. Such representations of space are increasingly relevant in many domains of application, due to recent developments of 3D scanning and visualisation techniques that exploit mesh processing. We introduce PolyLogicA, a geometric spatial model checker for SLCS formulas on polyhedra and demonstrate feasibility of our approach on two 3D polyhedral models of realistic size. Finally, we introduce a geometric definition of bisimilarity, proving that it characterises logical equivalence.
Additional file 6 of Care programs and their components for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review
Creators: name: Delameillieure, Anouk
name: Vandekerkhof, Sarah
name: Van Grootven, Bastiaan
name: Wuyts, Wim A.
name: Dobbels, Fabienne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6. Overview of the characteristics of the identified care models and components.
On the phase structure and thermodynamics of QCD
Creators: name: Herbst, Tina K.
name: Pawlowski, Jan M.
name: Schaefer, Bernd-Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the phase structure and thermodynamics of QCD by means of dynamical chiral effective models. Quark and meson fluctuations are included via the functional renormalization group. We study the influence of confinement in addition to the impact of fluctuations by comparing the results of the chiral models to their Polyakov-loop extended versions. Furthermore, we discuss the mass sensitivity of the phase structure and thermodynamics and find interesting modifications close to the chiral limit.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures; Appendix added; published version
title: National Marine Fisheries Service Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) Response Consultation on the Issuance of Sixteen ESA Section 10(a)(1)(A) Scientific Research Permits in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and California affecting Salmon, Steelhead, Eulachon, and Rockfish in the West Coast Region
titleType: Other
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service
Year: 2020

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; WCRO-2020-00655
Additional file 1 of Cost-utility analysis of trabecular micro-bypass stents (TBS) in patients with mild-to-moderate open-angle Glaucoma in Italy
Creators: name: Fea, Antonio Maria
name: Cattel, Francesco
name: Gandolfi, Stefano
name: Buseghin, Giorgio
name: Furneri, Gianluca
name: Costagliola, Ciro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Parameters included in the analysis.
A Separator Theorem for Hypergraphs and a CSP-SAT Algorithm
Creators: name: Koucký, Michal
name: Rödl, Vojtěch
name: Talebanfard, Navid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that for every $r \ge 2$ there exists $ε_r > 0$ such that any $r$-uniform hypergraph with $m$ edges and maximum vertex degree $o(\sqrt{m})$ contains a set of at most $(\frac{1}{2} - ε_r)m$ edges the removal of which breaks the hypergraph into connected components with at most $m/2$ edges. We use this to give an algorithm running in time $d^{(1 - ε_r)m}$ that decides satisfiability of $m$-variable $(d, k)$-CSPs in which every variable appears in at most $r$ constraints, where $ε_r$ depends only on $r$ and $k\in o(\sqrt{m})$. Furthermore our algorithm solves the corresponding #CSP-SAT and Max-CSP-SAT of these CSPs. We also show that CNF representations of unsatisfiable $(2, k)$-CSPs with variable frequency $r$ can be refuted in tree-like resolution in size $2^{(1 - ε_r)m}$. Furthermore for Tseitin formulas on graphs with degree at most $k$ (which are $(2, k)$-CSPs) we give a deterministic algorithm finding such a refutation.
Boundary layers in turbulent vertical convection at high Prandtl number
Creators: name: Howland, Christopher J.
name: Ng, Chong Shen
name: Verzicco, Roberto
name: Lohse, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many environmental flows arise due to natural convection at a vertical surface, from flows in buildings to dissolving ice faces at marine-terminating glaciers. We use three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of a vertical channel with differentially heated walls to investigate such convective, turbulent boundary layers. Through the implementation of a multiple-resolution technique, we are able to perform simulations at a wide range of Prandtl numbers $Pr$. This allows us to distinguish the parameter dependences of the horizontal heat flux and the boundary layer widths in terms of the Rayleigh number $Ra$ and Prandtl number $Pr$. For the considered parameter range $1\leq Pr \leq 100$, $10^6 \leq Ra \leq 10^9$, we find the flow to be consistent with a 'buoyancy-controlled' regime where the heat flux is independent of the wall separation. For given $Pr$, the heat flux is found to scale linearly with the friction velocity $V_\ast$. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the parameterisation of heat and salt fluxes at vertical ice-ocean interfaces.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, submitted to J. Fluid Mech
Plasmon anomaly in the dynamical optical conductivity of graphene
Creators: name: Kechedzhi, K.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically consider the effect of plasmon collective modes on the frequency-dependent conductivity of graphene in the presence of the random static potential of charged impurities. We develop an equation of motion approach suitable for the relativistic Dirac electrons in graphene that allows analytical high-frequency asymptotic solution in the presence of both disorder and interaction. We show that the presence of the acoustic plasmon pole (i.e. the plasmon frequency vanishing at long wavelengths as the square-root of wavevector) in the inverse dynamical dielectric function of graphene gives rise to a strong variation with frequency of the screening effect of the relativistic electron gas in graphene on the potential of charged impurities. The resulting frequency-dependent impurity scattering rate gives rise to a broad peak in the frequency-dependent graphene optical conductivity with the amplitude and the position of the peak being sensitive to the detailed characteristics of disorder and interaction in the system. This sample (i.e. disorder, elecron density and interaction strength) dependent redistribution of the spectral weight in the frequency-dependent graphene conductivity may have already been experimentally observed in optical measurements.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures. published version
Expecting the unexpected in the search for extraterrestrial life
Creators: name: Vickers, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On page 10 of the 2018 National Academies Exoplanet Science Strategy document (NASEM 2018), 'Expect the unexpected' is described as a general principle of the exoplanet field. But for the next 150 pages, this principle is apparently forgotten, as strategy decisions are repeatedly put forward based on our expectations. This paper explores what exactly it might mean to 'expect the unexpected', and how this could possibly be achieved by the space science community. An analogy with financial investment strategies is considered, where a balanced portfolio of low/medium/high-risk investments is recommended. Whilst this kind of strategy would certainly be advisable in many scientific contexts (past and present), in certain contexts, especially exploratory science, a significant disanalogy needs to be factored in: financial investors cannot choose low-risk high-reward investments, but sometimes scientists can. The existence of low-risk high-impact projects in cutting-edge space science significantly reduces the warrant for investing in high-risk projects, at least in the short term. However, high-risk proposals need to be fairly judged alongside medium- and low-risk proposals, factoring in both the degree of possible reward and the expected cost of the project. Attitudes towards high-risk high-impact projects within NASA since 2009 are critically analysed.
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion, and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response for the Soquel Creek Bridge Scour Repair Project (EA: 05-1H480) in the City of Soquel, Santa Cruz County, California
titleType: Other
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2020

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; WCRO-2019-02689
Density functional theory study of the electronic structure of fluorite Cu$_{2}$Se
Creators: name: Råsander, Mikael
name: Bergqvist, Lars
name: Delin, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the electronic structure of fluorite Cu$_{2}$Se using density functional theory calculations within the LDA, PBE and AM05 approximations as well as with the non-local hybrid PBE0 and HSE approximations. Our results show that Cu$_{2}$Se is a zero gap semiconductor when using either a local or semi-local density functional approximation while there exists a gap when using the PBE0 functional. For the HSE approximation, we find that the presence of a gap depends on the range separation for the non-local exchange within the HSE approximation. For the occupied states we find that the LDA, PBE, AM05, PBE0 and HSE agrees when regarding the overall structure, however, the hybrid functionals are shifted towards lower energy values compared to the LDA, PBE and AM05. The valence bands obtained using the hybrid functionals are in good agreement with experimental valence band spectra. We also find that the PBE, PBE0 and HSE approximations give similar results regarding bulk properties, such as lattice constants and bulk modulus. In addition, we have investigated the localization of the Cu d-states and its effect on the band gap in the material using the LDA+U approach. We find that a gap is opened up by increasing the $U$, however, the $U$ values required for a gap opening is unrealistically high.
Minimal angle spread in the probability simplex with respect to the uniform distribution
Creators: name: Bauschke, Heinz H.
name: DiBerardino, Peter A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A20, 52B11 (Primary) 90C25 (Secondary)

description: We compute the minimal angle spread with respect to the uniform distribution in the probability simplex. The resulting optimization problem is analytically solved. The formula provided shows that the minimal angle spread approaches zero as the dimension tends to infinity. We also discuss an application in cognitive science.
title: Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion and Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) Consultation
titleType: Other
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2020

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; WCRO-2020-00584
title: Destinazione Dietikon
title: Italienischsprachige Zuwanderer und ihr Leben in Dietikon
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Trutmann, Hans Peter
name: Frapolli, Elio
name: Hummel, Oscar
Publisher: name: Druckerei Hummel
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: 325 Internationale Migration, Kolonisation
subject: 940 Geschichte Europas
subject: Dietikon
subject: Italienischer Einwanderer
subject: Italianität
subject: Zuwanderung

description: Mit einer Jahreschronik für Dietikon von Oktober 2003 bis 1. Oktober 2004.
description: Inhalt: 1. Teil (Allgemeines) - Vom Latein über das Vulgärlatein und die Dialekte zum heutigen Italienisch ; Sonntags aus der Zwinglistadt nach Dietikon zur Messe ; Die Zuwanderung aus dem Süden in die Schweiz und nach Dietikon ; «Messerstecher und Krawallanten», Italienerkrawall Juli 1896, Erbitterung im Limmattal 1909 ; Die «Marmori», lärmig und streikfreudig ; Ein Mädchenheim als «Fabrikkloster» ; Gaststätten der Italianità: L'avvicinamento gastronomico ; Südländische Firmen ; Faschismus, Schlägereien, Landesverweisungen ; Boccia: Der «pallino» vereinigt die Sprachen ; Übernamen: Fürsorge und Exekutive sind 1962 sehr besorgt ; Besonderheiten in der Umgangssprache von jungen Südländern und «lingua franca» ; Die Seelsorge für Italienischsprachige ; Vereine für Italienischsprachige ; Ein in Dietikon wohnhafter Tessiner wird beinahe Bundesrat ; Italiener zeichnen einen Arzt aus ; «Südländisches» in unseren alten Fasnachtszeitungen ; Italianità - Versuch der Beschreibung einer Lebensart (Elio Frapolli) ; 2. Teil (Kurzbiografien von südländischen Familien in Dietikon).
Exploring the potential for a fragmentation alignment index for database matching
Creators: name: van Herwerden, Denice
name: Samanipour, Saer
name: Thomas, Kevin
name: O'Brien, Jake
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: High resolution mass spectrometry
NTA
NTS
Fragmentation pattern
Network analysis
Graph theory

description: Non-targeted analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry is becoming a critical tool for identifying small molecules of interest across multiple areas of natural and life sciences. The rapid advancement in high resolution mass spectrometry has allowed the collection and archiving of accurate mass spectra of small molecules from hundreds of thousands of biological and environmental samples. To facilitate rapid identification of small molecules, in recent years publicly available online databases of mass spectrometry reference spectra have been built allowing spectral matching (i.e., library searching). However, the fragmentation pattern, including the fragment masses and relative intensities, of a molecule are influenced by experimental factors such as collision energy, collision gas, dissociation technique, instrument type, and ionization mode. Hence, this all impacts the spectral matching. To assess and potentially overcome this issue, we explored the potential of a fragmentation alignment index (FAI ) for small molecules (i.e., mass < 1000 Dalton) obtained from MassBank EU. Firstly, all spectra of a single chemical were compared to investigate the influence of manufacturer and collision energy. Other factors, such as temperature, could also be of interest, however, only few parameters are recorded in the database. Secondly, we investigated the optimal parameters for each instrument type to use for generation of reference spectra to minimize the impact of the experimental conditions on the quality of the spectra. The generated optimal spectra will enable the generation of global spectral such as MassBank EU, that can be used for the structural elucidation of small moleculs. Finally, we evaluate the possibility of developing a fragmentation model for normalisation of mass spectral data to improve spectral matching.
Tuza's Conjecture for Threshold Graphs
Creators: name: Bonamy, Marthe
name: Bożyk, Łukasz
name: Grzesik, Andrzej
name: Hatzel, Meike
name: Masařík, Tomáš
name: Novotná, Jana
name: Okrasa, Karolina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C70

description: Tuza famously conjectured in 1981 that in a graph without k+1 edge-disjoint triangles, it suffices to delete at most 2k edges to obtain a triangle-free graph. The conjecture holds for graphs with small treewidth or small maximum average degree, including planar graphs. However, for dense graphs that are neither cliques nor 4-colorable, only asymptotic results are known. Here, we confirm the conjecture for threshold graphs, i.e. graphs that are both split graphs and cographs, and for co-chain graphs with both sides of the same size divisible by 4.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, Accepted to European Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Applications (EUROCOMB) 2021
Beschreibung der in der Schweiz aufgefundenen Gallischen Münzen. Von Dr. H. Meyer
Creators: name: Becker, Jakob
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Beschreibung der in der Schweiz aufgefundenen Gallischen Münzen. Von Dr. H. Meyer, Direktor des Münzkabinets. Mit drei Tafeln. Zürich 1863 (Mittheilungen der antiquarischen Gesellschaft in Zürich. Bd. XV. Heft 1.)
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 38 (1865): Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande
A modified variational principle for gravity in modified Weyl geometry
Creators: name: Yuan, Fang-Fang
name: Huang, Yong-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The usual interpretation of Weyl geometry is modified in two senses. First, both the additive Weyl connection and its variation are treated as (1, 2) tensors under the action of Weyl covariant derivative. Second, a modified covariant derivative operator is introduced which still preserves the tensor structure of the theory. With its help, the Riemann tensor in Weyl geometry can be written in a more compact form. We justify this modification in detail from several aspects and obtain some insights along the way. By introducing some new transformation rules for the variation of tensors under the action of Weyl covariant derivative, we find a Weyl version of Palatini identity for Riemann tensor. To derive the energy-momentum tensor and equations of motion for gravity in Weyl geometry, one naturally applies this identity at first, and then converts the variation of additive Weyl connection to those of metric tensor and Weyl gauge field. We also discuss possible connections to the current literature on Weyl-invariant extension of massive gravity and the variational principles in f(R) gravity.
description: 16 pages. Minor corrections
Römisches Denkmal in Merten
Creators: name: Kraus, Franz Xaver
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2018

description: [nicht vorhanden / not available]
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 64 (1878): Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande
Ueber die Bedachung der Vierungskuppel am Münster zu Strassburg
Creators: name: Otte, Heinrich
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Ueber die Bedachung der Vierungskuppel am Münster zu Strassburg. Zweiter Bericht. Mit drei artist. Beilagen. Strassburg. B. Schultz & Cie., Berger Levrault's Nachf. Charles Winter Photogr. Anstalt. 1878.
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 64 (1878): Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ С СОЧЕТАННЫМИ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯМИ  У ДЕТЕЙ
Creators: name: Золотова, Н.Н.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: При анализе результатов лечения преследовалась цель выявить наиболее эффективные методы лечения в зависимости от тяжести повреждения. Консервативное лечение у детей, являясь наиболее предпочтительным, позволил получить хорошие и удовлетворительные результаты в подавляющем большинстве случаев (96 %). Полученные результаты лечения у больных  с сочетанной черепно-мозговой травмой и повреждений  конечностей свидетельствуют о рационально разработанной  лечебной тактике. Комплексное лечение данной категории больных с использованием иммуномодуляторов, ГБО-терапии, раннего восстановительного лечения, аппаратного   метода лечения,  позволило сократить сроки стационарного лечения больных  почти в 2 раза.
Die kleineren inschriftlichen Denkmäler des Bonner Provinzialmuseums
Creators: name: Klein, Josef
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2018

description: [nicht vorhanden / not available]
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 90 (1891): Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande
Perspective: APOBEC mutagenesis in drug resistance and immune escape in HIV and cancer evolution
Creators: name: Venkatesan, S
name: Rosenthal, R
name: Kanu, N
name: McGranahan, N
name: Bartek, J
name: Quezada, SA
name: Hare, J
name: Harris, RS
name: Swanton, C
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: Tumour Biology
Signalling & Oncogenes
Genetics & Genomics
Genome Integrity & Repair
Human Biology & Physiology
Chemical Biology & High Throughput
Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
Computational & Systems Biology

description: The apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) mutational signature has only recently been detected in a multitude of cancers through next-generation sequencing. In contrast, APOBEC has been a focus of virology research for over a decade. Many lessons learnt regarding APOBEC within virology are likely to be applicable to cancer. In this review, we explore the parallels between the role of APOBEC enzymes in HIV and cancer evolution. We discuss data supporting the role of APOBEC mutagenesis in creating HIV genome heterogeneity, drug resistance, and immune escape variants. We hypothesize similar functions of APOBEC will also hold true in cancer.
An examination of local strain fields evolution in ductile cast iron through micromechanical simulations based on 3D imaging
Creators: name: Navas, Victor Manuel Trejo
name: Buljac, Ante
name: Hild, François
name: Morgeneyer, Thilo F.
name: Bernacki, Marc
name: Bouchard, Pierre-Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Microscopic digital volume correlation (DVC) and finite element precoalescence strain evaluations are compared for two nodular cast iron specimens. Displacement fields from \textit{in-situ} 3D synchrotron laminography images are obtained by DVC. Subsequently the microstructure is explicitely meshed from the images considering nodules as voids. Boundary conditions are applied from the DVC measurement. Image segmentation-related uncertainties are taken into account and observed to be negligible with respect to the differences between strain levels. Macroscopic as well as local strain levels in coalescing ligaments between voids nucleated at large graphite nodules are compared. Macroscopic strain levels are consistently predicted. A very good agreement is observed for one of the specimens, while the strain levels for the second specimen presents some discrepancies. Limitations of the modeling and numerical framework are discussed in light of these differences. A discussion of the use of strain as coalescence indicator is initiated.
A First-Order Complete Temporal Logic for Structured Context-Free Languages
Creators: name: Chiari, Michele
name: Mandrioli, Dino
name: Pradella, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of model checking procedural programs has fostered much research towards the definition of temporal logics for reasoning on context-free structures. The most notable of such results are temporal logics on Nested Words, such as CaRet and NWTL. Recently, the logic OPTL was introduced, based on the class of Operator Precedence Languages (OPLs), more powerful than Nested Words. We define the new OPL-based logic POTL and prove its FO-completeness. POTL improves on NWTL by enabling the formulation of requirements involving pre/post-conditions, stack inspection, and others in the presence of exception-like constructs. It improves on OPTL too, which instead we show not to be FO-complete; it also allows to express more easily stack inspection and function-local properties. In a companion paper we report a model checking procedure for POTL and experimental results based on a prototype tool developed therefor. For completeness a short summary of this complementary result is provided in this paper too.
Treatment of Tuberculous meningitis and its complications in adults
Creators: name: Davis, Angharad
name: Meintjes, Graeme
name: Wilkinson, Robert J
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Model organisms
subject: Infectious Disease
subject: Human Biology & Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a global health problem. In this review, we systematically evaluate the evidence for current and emerging antimicrobials, host-directed therapies and supportive managements. RECENT FINDINGS: Current antimicrobial regimes do not factor the differing ability of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. Rifampicin may be more effective at higher doses yet the most recent clinical trial failed to demonstrate survival benefit at 15 mg/kg/day. Dose finding studies suggest that higher doses still may be safe and more effective. Fluoroquinolones are currently listed as important second-line agents in drug-resistant TBM; however, a survival benefit as a first-line agent has yet to be shown. Linezolid may be a promising antimicrobial with good central nervous system penetrance. Dexamethasone reduces mortality in HIV-uninfected individuals yet evidence for its use in HIV co-infection is lacking. Aspirin has anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties. Small studies have demonstrated efficacy in reducing stroke but further research is required to better understand its effect on controlling the host inflammatory response. Discovery of genetic polymorphisms may direct individualized immune therapies and mediators of the innate immune response may provide targets for the development of novel therapies. There is at present no significant evidence base to guide management of hydrocephalus in HIV co-infection. Further clinical trial data is required to improve treatment outcomes in TBM in particularly in regard to the value of high-dose rifampicin, newer antimicrobials with improved central nervous system penetration and host-directed therapies. Supportive measures in particular the management of hydrocephalus in HIV co-infection should be an area for future research.
Magnetorotational instability in relativistic hypermassive neutron stars
Creators: name: Siegel, Daniel M.
name: Ciolfi, Riccardo
name: Harte, Abraham I.
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A differentially rotating hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) is a metastable object which can be formed in the merger of neutron-star binaries. The eventual collapse of the HMNS into a black hole is a key element in generating the physical conditions expected to accompany the launch of a short gamma-ray burst. We investigate the influence of magnetic fields on HMNSs by performing three-dimensional simulations in general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics. In particular, we provide direct evidence for the occurrence of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in HMNS interiors. For the first time in simulations of these systems, rapidly-growing and spatially-periodic structures are observed to form with features like those of the channel flows produced by the MRI in other systems. Moreover, the growth time and wavelength of the fastest-growing mode are extracted and compared successfully with analytical predictions. The MRI emerges as an important mechanism to amplify magnetic fields over the lifetime of the HMNS, whose collapse to a black hole is accelerated. The evidence provided here that the MRI can actually develop in HMNSs could have a profound impact on the outcome of the merger of neutron-star binaries and on its connection to short gamma-ray bursts.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Updated to match published version
Open Gromov-Witten invariants and SYZ under local conifold transitions
Creators: name: Lau, Siu-Cheong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D37, 14J33

description: For a local Calabi-Yau manifold which is a smoothing of toric Gorenstein singularity, this paper computes the open Gromov-Witten invariants of a generic fiber of the special Lagrangian fibration constructed by Gross and thereby constructs its SYZ mirror. Moreover it derives a relation for the generating function of open Gromov-Witten invariants of the local Calabi-Yau manifold and that of its conifold transition.
description: v2: minor improvement on exposition. 23 pages, 12 figures
A Logic for Monitoring Dynamic Networks of Spatially-distributed Cyber-Physical Systems
Creators: name: Nenzi, L.
name: Bartocci, E.
name: Bortolussi, L.
name: Loreti, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) consist of inter-wined computational (cyber) and physical components interacting through sensors and/or actuators. Computational elements are networked at every scale and can communicate with each other and with humans. Nodes can join and leave the network at any time or they can move to different spatial locations. In this scenario, monitoring spatial and temporal properties plays a key role in the understanding of how complex behaviors can emerge from local and dynamic interactions. We revisit here the Spatio-Temporal Reach and Escape Logic (STREL), a logic-based formal language designed to express and monitor spatio-temporal requirements over the execution of mobile and spatially distributed CPS. STREL considers the physical space in which CPS entities (nodes of the graph) are arranged as a weighted graph representing their dynamic topological configuration. Both nodes and edges include attributes modeling physical and logical quantities that can evolve over time. STREL combines the Signal Temporal Logic with two spatial modalities reach and escape that operate over the weighted graph. From these basic operators, we can derive other important spatial modalities such as everywhere, somewhere and surround. We propose both qualitative and quantitative semantics based on constraint semiring algebraic structure. We provide an offline monitoring algorithm for STREL and we show the feasibility of our approach with the application to two case studies: monitoring spatio-temporal requirements over a simulated mobile ad-hoc sensor network and a simulated epidemic spreading model for COVID19.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1904.08847
Comparison of the Standard Theory Predictions of M_W and Sin^2 theta^lept_eff with their Experimental Values
Creators: name: Ferroglia, Andrea
name: Sirlin, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming that the recently discovered particle at LHC is the Standard Theory (ST) Higgs Boson, we compare the ST predictions of M_W and Sin^2 theta^lept_eff with the experimental values of these basic observables. While the Sin^2 theta^lept_eff prediction is in excellent agreement with its experimental value, that of M_W shows a 1.33 sigma deviation. Implications of these comparisons for possible future developments at LHC and a future GigaZ linear collider are briefly discussed. It is also pointed out that these comparisons are consistent with the conjecture that the newly discovered particle is indeed the ST Higgs boson.
description: 2 pages
Asynchronous wreath product and cascade decompositions for concurrent behaviours
Creators: name: Adsul, Bharat
name: Gastin, Paul
name: Sarkar, Saptarshi
name: Weil, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop new algebraic tools to reason about concurrent behaviours modelled as languages of Mazurkiewicz traces and asynchronous automata. These tools reflect the distributed nature of traces and the underlying causality and concurrency between events, and can be said to support true concurrency. They generalize the tools that have been so efficient in understanding, classifying and reasoning about word languages. In particular, we introduce an asynchronous version of the wreath product operation and we describe the trace languages recognized by such products (the so-called asynchronous wreath product principle). We then propose a decomposition result for recognizable trace languages, analogous to the Krohn-Rhodes theorem, and we prove this decomposition result in the special case of acyclic architectures. Finally, we introduce and analyze two distributed automata-theoretic operations. One, the local cascade product, is a direct implementation of the asynchronous wreath product operation. The other, global cascade sequences, although conceptually and operationally similar to the local cascade product, translates to a more complex asynchronous implementation which uses the gossip automaton of Mukund and Sohoni. This leads to interesting applications to the characterization of trace languages definable in first-order logic: they are accepted by a restricted local cascade product of the gossip automaton and 2-state asynchronous reset automata, and also by a global cascade sequence of 2-state asynchronous reset automata. Over distributed alphabets for which the asynchronous Krohn-Rhodes theorem holds, a local cascade product of such automata is sufficient and this, in turn, leads to the identification of a simple temporal logic which is expressively complete for such alphabets.
Stellar populations in the surrounding field of the LMC clusters NGC 2154 and NGC 1898
Creators: name: Chiosi, E.
name: Baume, G.
name: Carraro, G.
name: Costa, E.
name: Vallenari, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a study and comparison of the star formation rates (SFR) in the fields around NGC 1898 and NGC 2154, two intermediate-age star clusters located in very different regions of the Large Magellanic Cloud. We also present a photometric study of NGC 1898, and of seven minor clusters which happen to fall in the field of NGC 1898, for which basic parameters were so far unknown. We do not focus on NGC 2154, because this cluster was already investigated in Baume et al. 2007, using the same theoretical tools. The ages of the clusters were derived by means of the isochrone fitting method on their $clean$ color-magnitude diagrams. Two distinct populations of clusters were found: one cluster (NGC 2154) has a mean age of 1.7 Gyr, with indication of extended star formation over roughly a 1 Gyr period, while all the others have ages between 100 and 200 Myr. The SFRs of the adjacent fields were inferred using the downhill-simplex algorithm. Both SFRs show enhancements at 200, 400, 800 Myr, and at 1, 6, and 8 Gyr. These bursts in the SFR are probably the result of dynamical interactions between the Magellanic Clouds (MCs), and of the MCs with the Milky Way.
description: 10 pages, 11 eps figures, in press in MNRAS. For a version including references contact the authors
Leaf multiplicity in a Bienaymé-Galton-Watson tree
Creators: name: Brandenberger, Anna M.
name: Devroye, Luc
name: Goh, Marcel K.
name: Zhao, Rosie Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This note defines a notion of multiplicity for nodes in a rooted tree and presents an asymptotic calculation of the maximum multiplicity over all leaves in a Bienaymé-Galton-Watson tree with critical offspring distribution $ξ$, conditioned on the tree being of size $n$. In particular, we show that if $S_n$ is the maximum multiplicity in a conditional Bienaymé-Galton-Watson tree, then $S_n = Ω(\log n)$ asymptotically in probability and under the further assumption that ${\bf E}\{2^ξ\} < \infty$, we have $S_n = O(\log n)$ asymptotically in probability as well. Explicit formulas are given for the constants in both bounds. We conclude by discussing links with an alternate definition of multiplicity that arises in the root-estimation problem.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, final journal version
All Spin Nano-magnetic State Elements
Creators: name: Manipatruni, Sasikanth
name: Nikonov, Dmitri E.
name: Young, Ian A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: B.3; B.6.1; B.7.0; B.7.1; B.7.2; J.2; G.4; I.6.1

description: We propose an all spin state element to enable all spin state machines using spin currents and nanomagnets. We demonstrate via numerical simulations the operation of a state element a critical building block for synchronous, sequential logic computation. The numerical models encompass Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) nanomagnet dynamics with stochastic models and vector spin-transport in metallic magnetic and non-magnetic channels. Combined with all spin combinatorial logic, the state elements can enable synchronous and asynchronous computing elements.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Properties of the electron-positron plasma created from vacuum in a strong laser field. Quasiparticle excitations
Creators: name: Blaschke, D. B.
name: Kaempfer, B.
name: Schmidt, S. M.
name: Panferov, A. D.
name: Prozorkevich, A. V.
name: Smolyansky, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solutions of a kinetic equation are investigated which describe, on a nonperturbative basis, the vacuum creation of quasiparticle electron-positron pairs due to a strong laser field. The dependence of the quasiparticle electron (positron) distribution function and the particle number density is explored in a wide range of the laser radiation parameters, i.e., the wavelength λand amplitude of electric field strength E_0. Three domains are found: the domain of vacuum polarization effects where the density of the e-e+ pairs is small (the "calm valley"), and two accumulation domains in which the production rate of the e-e+ pairs is strongly increased and the e-e+ pair density can reach a significant value (the short wave length domain and the strong field one). In particular, the obtained results point to a complicated short-distance electromagnetic structure of the physical vacuum in the domain of short wavelengths λ\lessim λ_{acc} = π/m. For moderately strong fields E_0 \lesssim E_c=m^2/e, the accumulation regime can be realized where a plasma with a high density of e-e+ quasiparticles can be achieved. In this domain of the field strengths and in the whole investigated range of wavelengths, an observation of the dynamical Schwinger effect can be facilitated.
description: 13 pages, 17 figures, references added, version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Modulation of apoptosis controls inhibitory interneuron number in the cortex
Creators: name: Denaxa, Myrto
name: Neves, Guilherme
name: Rabinowitz, Adam
name: Kemlo, Sarah
name: Liodis, Petros
name: Burrone, Juan
name: Pachnis, Vassilis
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Model organisms
subject: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Stem Cells

description: Cortical networks are composed of excitatory projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Finding the right balance between the two is important for controlling overall cortical excitation and network dynamics. However, it is unclear how the correct number of cortical interneurons (CIs) is established in the mammalian forebrain. CIs are generated in excess from basal forebrain progenitors, and their final numbers are adjusted via an intrinsically determined program of apoptosis that takes place during an early postnatal window. Here, we provide evidence that the extent of CI apoptosis during this critical period is plastic and cell-type specific and can be reduced in a cell-autonomous manner by acute increases in neuronal activity. We propose that the physiological state of the emerging neural network controls the activity levels of local CIs to modulate their numbers in a homeostatic manner.
Meshing strategies for the alleviation of mesh-induced effects in cohesive element models
Creators: name: Rimoli, Julian J.
name: Rojas, Juan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: One of the main approaches for modeling fracture and crack propagation in solid materials is adaptive insertion of cohesive elements, in which line-like (2D) or surface-like (3D) elements are inserted into the finite element mesh to model the nucleation and propagation of failure surfaces. In this approach, however, cracks are forced to propagate along element boundaries, following paths that in general require more energy per unit crack extension (greater driving forces) than those followed in the original continuum, which in turn leads to erroneous solutions. In this work we illustrate how the introduction of a discretization produces two undesired effects, which we term mesh-induced anisotropy and mesh-induced toughness. Subsequently, we analyze those effects through polar plots of the path deviation ratio (a measure of the ability of a mesh to represent straight lines) for commonly adopted meshes. Finally, we propose to reduce those effects through K-means meshes and through a new type of mesh, which we term conjugate-directions mesh. The behavior of all meshes under consideration as the mesh size is reduced is analyzed through a numerical study of convergence.
Swimming of a ludion in a stratified sea
Creators: name: Gal, P. Le
name: Morales, B. Castillo
name: Zapata, S. Hernandez
name: Chavarria, G. Ruiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe and model experimental results on the dynamics of a "ludion" - a neutrally buoyant body - immersed in a layer of stably stratified salt water. By oscillating a piston inside a cylinder communicating with a narrow (in one of its horizontal dimensions) vessel containing the stably stratified layer of salt water, it is easy to periodically vary the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid. The ludion or Cartesian diver, initially positioned at its equilibrium height and free to move horizontally, can then oscillate vertically when forced by the pressure oscillations. Depending on the ratio of the forcing frequency to the Brunt-Väisälä frequency of the stratified fluid, the ludion can emit its own internal gravity waves that we measure by a classical Particle Image Velocimetry technique. Our experimental results describe first the resonance of the vertical motions of the ludion when excited at different frequencies. A theoretical oscillator model is then derived taking into account added mass and added friction coefficients and its predictions are compared to the experimental data. Then, for the larger oscillation amplitudes, we observe and describe a bifurcation towards free horizontal motions. Although the internal gravity wave frequencies are affected by the Doppler shift induced by the horizontal displacement velocities, it seems that, contrary to surface waves associated with Couder walkers they are not the cause of the horizontal swimming. This does not however, exclude possible interactions between the ludion and internal gravity waves and possible hydrodynamic quantum analogies to be explored in the future.
Dynamics of freely rising spheres: the effect of moment of inertia
Creators: name: Will, Jelle B.
name: Krug, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The goal of this study is to elucidate the effect the particle moment of inertia (MOI) has on the dynamics of spherical particles rising in a quiescent and turbulent fluid. To this end, we performed experiments with varying density ratios $Γ$, the ratio of the particle density and fluid density, ranging from $0.37$ up to $0.97$. At each $Γ$ the MOI was varied by shifting mass between the shell and the center of the particle to vary $I^*$ (the particle MOI normalised by the MOI of particle with the same weight and a uniform mass distribution). Helical paths are observed for low, and `3D chaotic' trajectories at higher values of $Γ$. The present data suggests no influence of $I^*$ on the critical value for this transition $0.42<Γ_{\textrm{crit}}<0.52$. For the `3D chaotic' rise mode we identify trends of decreasing particle drag coefficient ($C_d$) and amplitude of oscillation with increasing $I^*$. Due to limited data it remains unclear if a similar dependence exists in the helical regime as well. Path oscillations remain finite for all cases studied and no `rectilinear' mode is encountered, which may be the consequence of allowing for a longer transient distance in the present compared to earlier work. Rotational dynamics did not vary significantly between quiescent and turbulent surroundings, indicating that these are predominantly wake driven.