cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Influence of noise type on speech reception thresholds across four languages measured with matrix sentence tests
Creators: name: Hochmuth, Sabine
name: Kollmeier, Birger
name: Brand, Thomas
name: Jürgens, Tim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: To compare speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in noise using matrix sentence tests in four languages: German, Spanish, Russian, Polish. Design: The four tests were composed of equivalent five-word sentences and were all designed and optimized using the same principles. Six stationary speech-shaped noises and three non-stationary noises were used as maskers. Study sample: Forty native listeners with normal hearing: 10 for each language. Results: SRTs were about 3 dB higher for the German and Spanish tests than for the Russian and Polish tests when stationary noise was used that matched the long-term frequency spectrum of the respective speech test materials. This general SRT difference was also observed for the other stationary noises. The within-test variability across noise conditions differed between languages. About 56% of the observed variance was predicted by the speech intelligibility index. The observed SRT benefit in fluctuating noise was similar for all tests, with a slightly smaller benefit for the Spanish test. Conclusions: Of the stationary noises employed, noise with the same spectrum as the speech yielded the best masking. SRT differences across languages and noises could be attributed in part to spectral differences. These findings provide the feasibility and limits of comparing audiological results across languages.
Extension and validation of the pendulum model for longitudinal solar prominence oscillations
Creators: name: Luna, M.
name: Terradas, J.
name: Karpen, J.
name: Ballester, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Longitudinal oscillations in prominences are common phenomena on the Sun. These oscillations can be used to infer the geometry and intensity of the filament magnetic field. Previous theoretical studies of longitudinal oscillations made two simplifying assumptions: uniform gravity and semi-circular dips on the supporting flux tubes. However, the gravity is not uniform and realistic dips are not semi-circular. To understand the effects of including the nonuniform solar gravity on longitudinal oscillations, and explore the validity of the pendulum model with different flux-tube geometries. We first derive the equation describing the motion of the plasma along the flux tube including the effects of nonuniform gravity, yielding corrections to the original pendulum model. We also compute the full numerical solutions for the normal modes, and compare them with the new pendulum approximation. We have found that the nonuniform gravity introduces a significant modification in the pendulum model. We have also found a cut-off period, i.e. the longitudinal oscillations cannot have a period longer than 167 minutes. In addition, considering different tube geometries, the period depends almost exclusively on the radius of curvature at the bottom of the dip. We conclude that nonuniform gravity significantly modifies the pendulum model. These corrections are important for prominence seismology, because the inferred values of the radius of curvature and minimum magnetic-field strength differ substantially from those of the old model. However, we find that the corrected pendulum model is quite robust and is still valid for non-circular dips.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
title: Acts of killing, acts of meaning
title: an application of corpus pattern analysis to language of animal-killing
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Franklin, Emma
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020
Subjects: corpus linguistics
corpus pattern analysis
human-animal studies
corpus lexicography
argumentation
critical animal studies
verbs

description: We are currently witnessing unprecedented levels of ecological destruction and violence visited upon nonhumans. Study of the more-than-human world is now being enthusiastically taken up across a range of disciplines, in what has been called the ‘scholarly animal turn’. This thesis brings together concerns of Critical Animal Studies – along with related threads of posthumanism and new materialist thinking – and Corpus Linguistics, specifically Corpus Pattern Analysis (CPA), to produce a data-driven, lexicocentric study of the discourse of animal-killing. CPA, which has been employed predominantly in corpus lexicography, provides a robust and empirically well-founded basis for the analysis of verbs. Verbs are chosen as they act as the pivot of a clause; analysing them also uncovers their arguments – in this case, participants in material-discursive ‘killing’ events. This project analyses 15 ‘killing’ verbs using CPA as a basis, in what I term a corpus-lexicographical discourse analysis. The data is sampled from an animal-themed corpus of around 9 million words of contemporary British English, and the British National Corpus is used for reference. The findings are both methodological and substantive. CPA is found to be a reliable empirical starting point for discourse analysis, and the lexicographical practice of establishing linguistic ‘norms’ is critical to the identification of anomalous uses. The thesis presents evidence of anthropocentrism inherent in the English lexicon, and demonstrates several ways in which distance is created between participants of ‘killing’ constructions. The analysis also reveals specific ways that verbs can obfuscate, deontologise and deindividualise their arguments. The recommendations, for discourse analysts, include the adoption of CPA and a critical analysis of its resulting patterns in order to demonstrate the precise mechanisms by which verb use can either oppress or empower individuals. Social justice advocates are also alerted to potentially harmful language that might undermine their cause.
On Generalized Theories of Varying Fine Structure Constant
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Soumya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We work with a class of scalar extended theory of gravity that can drive the present cosmic acceleration as well as accommodate a mild cosmic variation of the fine structure constant $α$. The motivation comes from a vintage theory developed by Bekenstein, Sandvik, Barrow and Magueijo. The $α$ variation is introduced by a real scalar field interacting with charged matter. We execute a cosmological reconstruction based on a parametrization of the present matter density of the Universe. Observational consistency is ensured by comparing the theoretical estimates with JLA + OHD + BAO data sets, using a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. An analysis of molecular absorption lines from HIRES and UVES spectrographs is considered as a reference for the variation of $α$ at different redshifts. Two examples are discussed. The first explores a field-dependent kinetic coupling of the scalar field interacting with charged matter. The second example is a generalized Brans-Dicke formalism where the varying $α$ is fitted in as an effective matter field. This generates a simultaneous variation of the Newtonian constant $G$ and $α$. The pattern of this variation can have a crucial role in cosmic expansion history.
description: 20 pages; 25 figures; manuscript in communication; comments are welcome
Sympathetic Quiet and Active Region Filament Eruptions
Creators: name: Koleva, Kostadinka
name: Devi, Pooja
name: Chandra, Ramesh
name: Joshi, Reetika
name: Duchlev, Peter
name: Dechev, Momchil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the observations of three sympathetic filament eruptions occurring on 19 July 2015 namely F1, F2, and F3. The events were observed in UV/EUV wavelengths by Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory and by Global Oscillation Network Group telescope in Hα line. As filament F1 starts to erupt, a part of it falls close to the location of the F2 and F3 filaments. This causes the eruption of F2 and F3 during which the two filaments merge together and trigger a medium-class CME and a long-duration GOES C2.1 class flare. We discuss the dynamics and kinematics of these three filament eruptions and related phenomena.
description: 19 pages, 12 Figures
Massive Galaxy Mergers Have Distinctive Global HI Profiles
Creators: name: Zuo, Pei
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Wang, Jing
name: Yu, Niankun
name: Shangguan, Jinyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The global 21 cm HI emission-line profile of a galaxy encodes valuable information on the spatial distribution and kinematics of the neutral atomic gas. Galaxy interactions significantly influence the HI disk and imprint observable features on the integrated HI line profile. In this work, we study the neutral atomic gas properties of galaxy mergers selected from the Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey. The HI spectra come from new observations with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope and from a collection of archival data. We quantify the HI profile of the mergers with a newly developed method that uses the curve-of-growth of the line profile. Using a control sample of non-merger galaxies carefully selected to match the stellar mass of the merger sample, we show that mergers have a larger proportion of single-peaked HI profiles, as well as a greater tendency for the HI central velocity to deviate from the systemic optical velocity of the galaxy. By contrast, the HI profiles of mergers are not significantly more asymmetric than those of non-mergers.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted by ApJ
Collisional regime during the discharge of a 2D silo
Creators: name: Arévalo, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work reports a novel investigation into the collisional dynamics of particles in the vicinity of the outlet of a 2D silo using molecular dynamics simulations. Most studies on this granular system focus in the bulk of the medium. In this region contacts are permanent or long-lived, so continuous approximations are able to yield results for velocity distributions or mass flow. Close to the exit, however, the density of the medium decreases and contacts are instantaneous. Thus, the collisional nature of the dynamics becomes significant, warranting a dedicated investigation as carried out in this work. More interesting, the vicinity of the outlet is the region where the arches that block the flow for small apertures are formed. It is found that the transition from the clogging regime (at small apertures) to the continuous flow regime is smooth in collisional variables. Furthermore, the dynamics of particles as reflected by the distributions of the velocities is as well unaffected. This result implies that there is no critical outlet size that separates both regimes, as had been proposed in the literature. Instead, the results achieved support the alternative picture in which a clog is possible for any outlet size.
description: Accepted for Physical Review E - 26 pages, 7 figures
The LOFAR view of giant, early-type galaxies: radio emission from active nuclei and star formation
Creators: name: Capetti, A.
name: Brienza, M.
name: Balmaverde, B.
name: Best, R. D. P. N.
name: Baldi, R. D.
name: Drabent, A.
name: Gurkan, G.
name: Rottgering, H. J. A.
name: Tasse, C.
name: Webster, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties and the origin of the radio emission in the most luminous early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the nearby Universe (MK
description: Pre-proofs version - Accepted for publication in A&A
Multiwavelength analysis and the C IV λ1549 Å emission line behavior from 2008 to 2020 of the FSRQ B2 1633+382
Creators: name: Amaya-Almazán, Raúl Antonio
name: Chavushyan, Vahram
name: Patiño-Álvarez, Víctor Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flat-spectrum radio quasar B2 1633+382 (4C 38.41) has been monitored for several years and has presented correlated variability in multiple wavelengths. In this article, we are performing different analyses for multiple frequencies, from gamma-rays to radio, as well as, the C IV $λ$1549 Å emission line and the $λ$1350 Å continuum. Using the non-thermal dominance parameter, we separated the C IV and the continuum light curves for when the dominant source of continuum is the accretion disk or the jet. We found a correlation at a delay consistent with zero between the line and the continuum dominated by disk emission indicating a very small broad-line region (BLR). From the resulting delay between the 15 GHz and gamma-rays, we estimated the distance of the gamma-ray emission region from the jet apex to be $\sim$37 pc. The C IV flux decreases when the continuum and gamma-rays increase at some of the high activity periods. The C IV profile presents a larger variable component in its blue wing. The relation between the luminosities of C IV and the continuum does not completely follow the relation for a quasar sample. Our results lead us to propose an outflow of BLR material in the jet-flow direction, a gamma-ray production through magnetic reconnection for the flaring event of mid-2011, and that there is not enough BLR material close to the radio core to be easily ionized by the non-thermal continuum.
description: 28 pages, 13 Figures, 5 Tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Modeling GRB 170202A fireball from continuous observations with the Zadko and the Virgin Island Robotic Telescopes
Creators: name: Gendre, B.
name: Orange, N. B.
name: Moore, E.
name: Klotz, A.
name: Coward, D. M.
name: Giblin, T.
name: Gokuldass, P.
name: Morris, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present coordinated observations of GRB 170202A carried out by the Zadko and the Virgin Island Robotic Telescopes. The observations started 59s after the event trigger, and provided nearly continuous coverage for two days due to the unique location of these telescopes. We clearly detected an early rise in optical emission, followed by late optical flares. By complementing these data with archival observations, we show GRB 170202A is well described by the standard fireball model if multiple reverse shocks are taken into account. Its fireball is evidenced to expand within a constant density interstellar medium, with most burst parameters consistent with the usual ranges found in literature. The electron and magnetic energy parameters (ε_e, ε_B) are orders of magnitude smaller than commonly assumed values. We argue that the global fit of the fireball model achieved by our study should be possible for any burst, pending the availability of a sufficiently comprehensive data set. This conclusion emphasizes the crucial importance of coordinated observation campaigns of GRBs, such as the one central to this work, to answer outstanding questions about the underlying physics driving these phenomena.
description: 13 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ
All in the first glance: first fixation predicts individual differences in valence bias*
Creators: name: Maital Neta
name: Tong, Tien T.
name: Rosen, Monica L.
name: Enersen, Alex
name: M. Justin Kim
name: Dodd, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Surprised expressions are interpreted as negative by some people, and as positive by others. When compared to fearful expressions, which are consistently rated as negative, surprise and fear share similar morphological structures (e.g. widened eyes), but these similarities are primarily in the upper part of the face (eyes). We hypothesised, then, that individuals would be more likely to interpret surprise positively when fixating faster to the lower part of the face (mouth). Participants rated surprised and fearful faces as either positive or negative while eye movements were recorded. Positive ratings of surprise were associated with longer fixation on the mouth than negative ratings. There were also individual differences in fixation patterns, with individuals who fixated the mouth earlier exhibiting increased positive ratings. These findings suggest that there are meaningful individual differences in how people process faces.
Modelling genetic improvement of Pabna cattle in Bangladesh
Creators: name: M. K. I. Khan
name: H. T. Blair
name: N. Lopez-Villalobos
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: In this study, individual cow performance for milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, liveweight and longevity were simulated using a stochastic approach. Additive genetic effects, permanent and temporary environmental effects, and herd and age effects were included in the model along with inclusion of Mendelian sampling. The model generated 10,000 Pabna cows distributed across 200 herds with the herd size ranging between 40 and 60 milking cows. The model ran for 20 years with bulls being selected based on daughter production (progeny testing (PT)) in one scenario and on parent average genetic merit in another. Selection of replacement cows and bulls was based on one of three following objectives: genetic merit for milk yield, milk and survival, and total genetic merit which included all five traits. Each year, 150 cows with the best predicted genetic merit were selected for the production of replacements. The breeding scheme using selection of new bulls and cows based on parent average showed higher genetic gains than the PT for all selection objectives due to the differences between generation interval, accuracy and size of the progeny group/bull. The highest genetic gain was obtained when the selection objective was for milk yield genetic merit (US$15.02/year) compared with total genetic merit (US$10.95/year).
A plant-wide energy model for wastewater treatment plants: application to anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology
Creators: name: R. Pretel
name: A. Robles
name: M.V. Ruano
name: A. Seco
name: J. Ferrer
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of this study is to propose a detailed and comprehensive plant-wide model for assessing the energy demand of different wastewater treatment systems (beyond the traditional activated sludge) in both steady- and unsteady-state conditions. The proposed model makes it possible to calculate power and heat requirements (W and Q, respectively), and to recover both power and heat from methane and hydrogen capture. In order to account for the effect of biological processes on heat requirements, the model has been coupled to the extended version of the BNRM2 plant-wide mathematical model, which is implemented in DESSAS simulation software. Two case studies have been evaluated to assess the model's performance: (1) modelling the energy demand of two urban wastewater treatment plants based on conventional activated sludge and submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technologies in steady-state conditions and (2) modelling the dynamics of reactor temperature and heat requirements in an AnMBR plant in unsteady-state conditions. The results indicate that the proposed model can be used to assess the energy performance of different wastewater treatment processes and would thus be useful, for example, WWTP design or upgrading or the development of new control strategies for energy savings.
All in the first glance: first fixation predicts individual differences in valence bias
Creators: name: Maital Neta
name: Tong, Tien T.
name: Rosen, Monica L.
name: Enersen, Alex
name: M. Justin Kim
name: Dodd, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Surprised expressions are interpreted as negative by some people, and as positive by others. When compared to fearful expressions, which are consistently rated as negative, surprise and fear share similar morphological structures (e.g. widened eyes), but these similarities are primarily in the upper part of the face (eyes). We hypothesised, then, that individuals would be more likely to interpret surprise positively when fixating faster to the lower part of the face (mouth). Participants rated surprised and fearful faces as either positive or negative while eye movements were recorded. Positive ratings of surprise were associated with longer fixation on the mouth than negative ratings. There were also individual differences in fixation patterns, with individuals who fixated the mouth earlier exhibiting increased positive ratings. These findings suggest that there are meaningful individual differences in how people process faces.
The Rapidly Evolving AGB Star, V Hya: ALMA finds a Multi-Ring Circus with High-Velocity Outflows
Creators: name: Sahai, R.
name: Huang, P-S.
name: Scibelli, S.
name: Morris, M. R.
name: Hinkle, K.
name: Lee, C-F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed the mass-losing carbon star V Hya that is apparently transitioning from an AGB star to a bipolar planetary nebula, at an unprecedented angular resolution of ~0".4-0".6 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Wave Array (ALMA). Our 13CO and 12CO (J=3-2 and J=2-1) images have led to the discovery of a remarkable set of six expanding rings within a flared, warped Disk structure Undergoing Dynamical Expansion (DUDE) that lies in the system's equatorial plane. We also find, for the first time, several bipolar, high-velocity outflows, some of which have parabolic morphologies, implying wide opening angles, while one (found previously) is clumpy and highly collimated. The latter is likely associated with the high-velocity bullet-like ejections of ionized gas from V Hya; a possible molecular counterpart to the oldest of the 4 bullets can be seen in the 12CO images. We find a bright, unresolved central source of continuum emission (FWHM size ~10^{-5} Msun. We have used a radiative transfer model to fit the salient characteristics of the DUDE's 13CO and 12CO emission out to a radius of 8" (3200 au) with a flared disk of mass 1.7 x 10^{-3} Msun, whose expansion velocity increases increases very rapidly with radius inside a central region of size ~200 au, and then more slowly outside it, from 9.5 to 11.5 km/s. The DUDE's underlying density decreases radially, interspersed with local increases that represent the observationally well-characterised innermost three rings.
description: Accepted for ApJ [48 pages total -- 18 pages (text), 3 tables (2 pages), 25 figures]
Partitioning Dense Graphs with Hardware Accelerators
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoyuan
name: Ushijima-Mwesigwa, Hayato
name: Ghosh, Indradeep
name: Safro, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph partitioning is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem that attracts a lot of attention from theoreticians and practitioners due to its broad applications. From multilevel graph partitioning to more general-purpose optimization solvers such as Gurobi and CPLEX, a wide range of approaches have been developed. Limitations of these approaches are important to study in order to break the computational optimization barriers of this problem. As we approach the limits of Moore's law, there is now a need to explore ways of solving such problems with special-purpose hardware such as quantum computers or quantum-inspired accelerators. In this work, we experiment with solving the graph partitioning on the Fujitsu Digital Annealer (a special-purpose hardware designed for solving combinatorial optimization problems) and compare it with the existing top solvers. We demonstrate limitations of existing solvers on many dense graphs as well as those of the Digital Annealer on sparse graphs which opens an avenue to hybridize these approaches.
Data supplement
Creators: name: Aranda, Luis Alberto Casado
name: Sánchez-Fernández, Juan
name: Montoro-Ríos, Francisco Javier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 150502 Marketing Communications
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)
subject: 150504 Marketing Measurement
subject: 150599 Marketing not elsewhere classified
subject: 150505 Marketing Research Methodology
subject: 150506 Marketing Theory

description: Una Aproximación Empírica a la Efectividad Publicitaria Medioambiental. Análisis desde una perspectiva de Neuromarketing.
Online induction heating for determination of isotope composition of woody stem water with laser spectrometry: a methods assessment
Creators: name: Brynne E. Lazarus
name: Germino, Matthew J.
name: Veen, Jessica L. Vander
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Application of stable isotopes of water to studies of plant–soil interactions often requires a substantial preparatory step of extracting water from samples without fractionating isotopes. Online heating is an emerging approach for this need, but is relatively untested and major questions of how to best deliver standards and assess interference by organics have not been evaluated. We examined these issues in our application of measuring woody stem xylem of sagebrush using a Picarro laser spectrometer with online induction heating. We determined (1) effects of cryogenic compared to induction-heating extraction, (2) effects of delivery of standards on filter media compared to on woody stem sections, and (3) spectral interference from organic compounds for these approaches (and developed a technique to do so). Our results suggest that matching sample and standard media improves accuracy, but that isotopic values differ with the extraction method in ways that are not due to spectral interference from organics.
Various Activities above Sunspot Light Bridges in IRIS Observations: Classification and Comparison
Creators: name: Hou, Yijun
name: Li, Ting
name: Yang, Shuhong
name: Toriumi, Shin
name: Guo, Yilin
name: Zhang, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light bridges (LBs) are among the most striking sub-structures in sunspots, where various activities have been revealed by recent high-resolution observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). According to the variety of physical properties, we classified these activities into four distinct categories: transient brightening (TB), intermittent jet (IJ), type-I light wall (LW-I), and type-II light wall (LW-II). In IRIS 1400/1330 Å observations, TBs are characterized by abrupt emission enhancements, and IJs appear as collimated plasma ejections with a width of 1-2 Mm at some LB sites. Most observed TBs are associated with IJs and show superpositions of some chromosphere absorption lines on enhanced and broadened wings of C II and Si IV lines, which could be driven by intermittent magnetic reconnection in the lower atmosphere. LW-I and LW-II are wall-shaped structures with bright fronts above the whole LB. An LW-I has a continuous oscillating front with a typical height of several Mm and an almost stationary period of 4-5 minutes. On the contrary, an LW-II has a indented front with a height of over 10 Mm, which has no stable period and is accompanied by recurrent TBs in the entire LB. These results support that LW-IIs are driven by frequent reconnection occurring along the whole LB due to large-scale magnetic flux emergence or intrusion, rather than the leakage of waves producing LW-Is. Our observations reveal a highly dynamical scenario of activities above LBs driven by different basic physical processes, including magneto-convection, magnetic reconnection, and wave leakage.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Kinetic analysis of the mechanochemical syntheses of dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate complexes of palladium
Creators: name: Allenbaugh, Rachel J.
name: Zachary, Jonathon R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Kinetic models for the ‘molecular’ mechanochemical syntheses of α- and β-dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate complexes of palladium (PdLnI2, where n specifies the number of carbons in the alkyl chain of the ligand and α and β refer to the substitution of the alkyl chain) are explored. The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Yerofeev–Kolmogrov (JMAYK) model was determined to best fit the data obtained via 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis of the reaction mixtures over time. A rate enhancement, and corresponding increase in the Avrami exponent, was observed when the complex formed was liquid crystalline at milling temperatures.
Hydrothermal gases in a shallow aquifer at Mt. Amiata, Italy: insights from stable isotopes and geochemical modelling†
Creators: name: Pierotti, Lisa
name: Cortecci, Gianni
name: Gherardi, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: We investigate the interaction between hydrothermal gases and groundwater in a major aquifer exploited for potable supply in the geothermal-volcanic area of Mt. Amiata, Central Italy. Two springs and two wells located on different sides of the volcanic edifice have been repeatedly sampled over the last 11 years. More than 160 chemical analyses and 10 isotopic analyses of total dissolved carbon (δ13C – total dissolved inorganic carbon (TDIC) = −15.9 to −7.8 ‰ vs. V-PDB) and sulphate (δ34S-SO4 = −6.9 to 5.1 ‰ vs. V-CDT) have been processed with geochemical modelling techniques. Best-fitting conditions between analytical data and model outputs have been achieved by numerical optimization, allowing for a quantitative description of gas–water–rock interactions occurring in this aquifer. Numerical calculations support a conceptual model that considers water–rock interactions to occur in the volcanic aquifer after inflow of deep-seated gases (CO2(g) and H2S(g)), and total conversion of H2S(g) to SO4, in the absence of mixing with geothermal waters from reservoirs currently exploited for electricity generation.
SapientML: Synthesizing Machine Learning Pipelines by Learning from Human-Written Solutions
Creators: name: Saha, Ripon K.
name: Ura, Akira
name: Mahajan, Sonal
name: Zhu, Chenguang
name: Li, Linyi
name: Hu, Yang
name: Yoshida, Hiroaki
name: Khurshid, Sarfraz
name: Prasad, Mukul R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic machine learning, or AutoML, holds the promise of truly democratizing the use of machine learning (ML), by substantially automating the work of data scientists. However, the huge combinatorial search space of candidate pipelines means that current AutoML techniques, generate sub-optimal pipelines, or none at all, especially on large, complex datasets. In this work we propose an AutoML technique SapientML, that can learn from a corpus of existing datasets and their human-written pipelines, and efficiently generate a high-quality pipeline for a predictive task on a new dataset. To combat the search space explosion of AutoML, SapientML employs a novel divide-and-conquer strategy realized as a three-stage program synthesis approach, that reasons on successively smaller search spaces. The first stage uses a machine-learned model to predict a set of plausible ML components to constitute a pipeline. In the second stage, this is then refined into a small pool of viable concrete pipelines using syntactic constraints derived from the corpus and the machine-learned model. Dynamically evaluating these few pipelines, in the third stage, provides the best solution. We instantiate SapientML as part of a fully automated tool-chain that creates a cleaned, labeled learning corpus by mining Kaggle, learns from it, and uses the learned models to then synthesize pipelines for new predictive tasks. We have created a training corpus of 1094 pipelines spanning 170 datasets, and evaluated SapientML on a set of 41 benchmark datasets, including 10 new, large, real-world datasets from Kaggle, and against 3 state-of-the-art AutoML tools and 2 baselines. Our evaluation shows that SapientML produces the best or comparable accuracy on 27 of the benchmarks while the second best tool fails to even produce a pipeline on 9 of the instances.
description: Accepted to the Technical Track of ICSE 2022
Evidence of a primordial isotopic gradient in the inner region of the solar protoplanetary disc
Creators: name: Mah, J.
name: Brasser, R.
name: Woo, J. M. Y.
name: Bouvier, A.
name: Mojzsis, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Not only do the sampled terrestrial worlds (Earth, Mars, and asteroid 4 Vesta) differ in their mass-independent (nucleosynthetic) isotopic compositions of many elements (e.g. $\varepsilon^{48}$Ca, $\varepsilon^{50}$Ti, $\varepsilon^{54}$Cr, $\varepsilon^{92}$Mo), the magnitudes of some of these isotopic anomalies also appear to correlate with heliocentric distance. While the isotopic differences between the Earth and Mars may be readily accounted for by the accretion of mostly local materials in distinct regions of the protoplanetary disc, it is unclear whether this also applies to asteroid Vesta. Here we analysed the available data from our numerical simulation database to determine the formation location of Vesta in the framework of three planet-formation models: classical, Grand Tack, and Depleted Disc. We find that Vesta has a high probability of forming locally in the asteroid belt in models where material mixing in the inner disc is limited; this limited mixing is implied by the isotopic differences between the Earth and Mars. Based on our results, we propose several criteria to explain the apparent correlation between the different nucleosynthetic isotopic compositions of the Earth, Mars, and Vesta: (1) these planetary bodies accreted their building blocks in different regions of the disc, (2) the inner disc is characterised by an isotopic gradient, and (3) the isotopic gradient was preserved during the formation of these planetary bodies and was not diluted by material mixing in the disc (e.g. via giant planet migration).
Novel nucleophilic/basic and acidic organocatalysts for reaction between poorly reactive diisocyanate and diols
Creators: name: Fatima-Zohra Belmokaddem
name: Dagonneau, Julie
name: Lhomme, Julien
name: Blanc, Romain
name: Garduno-Alva, Azucena
name: Maliverney, Christian
name: Baceiredo, Antoine
name: Maerten, Eddy
name: Fleury, Etienne
name: Méchin, Françoise
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Original basic or acidic organic compounds derived from guanidine or phenyl phosphonic acid were specifically designed and tested as new catalysts for the bulk synthesis of polyurethane prepolymers from a precursor system with particularly low reactivity (secondary alcohol + aliphatic isocyanate at low temperature). Both families showed interesting catalytic activities at 60–80 °C, but must nevertheless be used in much higher amounts (1 mol%, i.e. between 0.15 and 0.50 wt%) than traditional metal-based catalysts. The efficiency of guanidine derivatives seems to be related to their nucleophilicity, whereas that of phosphonic acid derivatives depends on their acidity. However, the solubility of the considered species in the reactive medium also plays a major role. The water/alcohol selectivity of the catalysts, especially at room temperature, was then examined as an additional criterion. Guanidines are not selective and favor the reaction of isocyanate groups with water as much as that with alcohols. Phenyl phosphonic acid derivatives are more selective, and particularly pentafluorophenyl phosphonic acid displays a remarkable catalytic activity together with an acceptable selectivity and could represent an interesting and safer alternative to toxic tin and mercury derivatives for many industrial polyurethanes.
Electronic and magnetic properties of silicene monolayer under bi-axial mechanical strain: a first-principles study
Creators: name: Jafari, M. A.
name: Kordbacheh, A. A.
name: Dyrdal, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical control of electronic and magnetic properties of 2D Van-der-Waals heterostructures gives new possibilities for further development of spintronics and information-related technologies. Using the density functional theory, we investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of silicene monolayer with substituted Chromium atoms and under a small biaxial strain ($-6\%< ε< 8\%$). Our results indicate that the Cr-doped silicene nanosheets without strain have magnetic metallic, half-metallic or semiconducting properties depending on the type of substitution. We also show that the magnetic moments associated with the monomer and vertical dimer substitutions change very weakly with strain. However, the magnetic moment associated with the horizontal dimer substitution decreases when either compressive or tensile strain is applied to the system. Additionally, we show that the largest semiconductor band-gap is approximately 0.13 eV under zero strain for the vertical Cr-doped silicene. Finally, biaxial compressive strain leads to irregular changes in the magnetic moment for Cr vertical dimer substitution.
description: This paper is including 11 pages as well as 7 figures
Stacked Periodograms as a Probe of Exoplanetary Populations
Creators: name: Cabot, Samuel H. C.
name: Laughlin, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ongoing, extreme-precision Doppler radial velocity surveys seek planets with masses less than several M$_\oplus$; population-level studies to determine the distribution of planetary masses, however, remain difficult due to the required observational time investment, as well as challenges associated with robustly detecting the lowest mass planets. We outline a novel approach that leverages extensive, existing RV datasets to constrain masses of exoplanet populations: stacking periodograms of RV timeseries across many targets. We show that an exoplanet population may be statistically identifiable in the stacked periodogram, even when individual planets do not pass the threshold of detection. We discuss analytical, statistical properties of the stacked periodogram, perform simulations to demonstrate the efficacy of the method, and investigate the influence of semi-structured window functions and stellar activity. Analysis of the Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey data set reveals a marginally significant ($1.6σ$) signal consistent with a population of exoplanets occupying $3-7$ day periods with typical $K$ between $1.6-5.1$ m s$^{-1}$. More detailed investigation of signals associated with stellar activity and yearly systematics may be necessary to confirm this result or detect other underlying Keplerian contributions.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, accepted to AJ
Emergence of non-linear electrodynamic theories from $T\bar{T}$-like deformations
Creators: name: Babaei-Aghbolagh, H.
name: Velni, Komeil Babaei
name: Yekta, Davood Mahdavian
name: Mohammadzadeh, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we investigate the deformation of the ModMax theory, as a unique Lagrangian of non-linear electrodynamics preserving both conformal and electromagnetic-duality invariance, under $T\bar{T}$-like flows. We will show that the deformed theory is the generalized non-linear Born-Infeld electrodynamics. Being inspired by the invariance under the flow equation for Born-Infeld theories, we propose another $T\bar{T}$-like operator generating the ModMax and generalized Born-Infeld non-linear electrodynamic theories from the usual Maxwell and Born-Infeld theories, respectively.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, Accepted for publication in PLB
Type II supernovae from the Carnegie Supernova Project-I. III. Understanding SN II diversity through correlations between physical and observed properties
Creators: name: Martinez, L.
name: Anderson, J. P.
name: Bersten, M. C.
name: Hamuy, M.
name: González-Gaitán, S.
name: Orellana, M.
name: Stritzinger, M.
name: Phillips, M. M.
name: Gutiérrez, C. P.
name: Burns, C.
name: de Jaeger, T.
name: Ertini, K.
name: Folatelli, G.
name: Förster, F.
name: Galbany, L.
name: Hoeflich, P.
name: Hsiao, E. Y.
name: Morrell, N.
name: Pessi, P. J.
name: Suntzeff, N. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SNe II show great photometric and spectroscopic diversity which is attributed to the varied physical characteristics of their progenitor and explosion properties. In this study, the third of a series of papers where we analyse a sample of SNe II observed by the Carnegie Supernova Project-I, we present correlations between their observed and physical properties. Our analysis shows that explosion energy is the physical property that correlates with the highest number of parameters. We recover previously suggested relationships between the hydrogen-rich envelope mass and the plateau duration, and find that more luminous SNe II with higher expansion velocities, faster declining light curves, and higher Ni masses are consistent with higher energy explosions. In addition, faster declining SNe II are also compatible with more concentrated Ni in the inner regions of the ejecta. Positive trends are found between the initial mass, explosion energy, and Ni mass. While the explosion energy spans the full range explored with our models, the initial mass generally arises from a relatively narrow range. Observable properties were measured from our grid of models to determine the effect of each physical parameter on the observed SN II diversity. We argue that explosion energy is the physical parameter causing the greatest impact on SN II diversity, when assuming standard single-star evolution as in the models used in this study. The inclusion of pre-SN models assuming higher mass loss produces a significant increase in the strength of some correlations, particularly those between the progenitor hydrogen-rich envelope mass and the plateau and optically thick phase durations. These differences clearly show the impact of having different treatments of stellar evolution, implying that changes in the assumption of standard single-star evolution are necessary for a complete understanding of SN II diversity.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Paper I: arXiv:2111.06519; Paper II: arXiv:2111.06529
International Sports Development Policies
Creators: name: O'Byrne, David
name: Postlethwaite, Verity
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise

description: Presented at UK Sport Development Network Conference (UKSDN) 2024: Reimagining tomorrow’s inclusive sportand physical activity sector, 4-5 September 2024, Nottingham
Which galaxy property is the best gauge of the oxygen abundance?
Creators: name: Alvarez-Hurtado, P.
name: Barrera-Ballesteros, J. K.
name: Sánchez, S. F.
name: Colombo, D.
name: López-Sánchez, A. R.
name: Aquino-Ortíz, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extensive exploration of the impact of 29 physical parameters in the oxygen abundance for a sample of 299 star-forming galaxies extracted from the extended CALIFA sample. We corroborate that the stellar mass is the physical parameter that better traces the observed oxygen abundance (i.e., the mass-metallicity relation, MZR), while other physical parameters could play a potential role in shaping this abundance, but with a lower significant impact. We find that the functional form that best describes the MZR is a third-order polynomial function. From the residuals between this best functional form and the MZR, we find that once considered the impact of the mass in the oxygen abundance, the other physical parameters do not play a significant secondary role in shaping the oxygen abundance in these galaxies (including the gas fraction or the star formation rate). Our analysis suggests that the origin of the MZR is related to the chemical enrichment evolution of the interstellar medium due, most likely, to the build-up of stellar mass in these star-forming galaxies.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables