cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Data Conversations: Navigating the AI Hype
Creators: name: Harju, Janni
name: Kruit, Benno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: VU Data Conversations
Chat GPT
AI
Open Science
research
research tools

description: How does the ongoing generative AI boom affect researchers, including PhD students? What can we learn from it, which parts can be integrated into our daily work? And how do these innovations connect to Open Science and Research Data Management? Open data, open methods, and reproducible and transparent research are increasingly endorsed by funders, publishers, institutions, and learned societies. But is there a tention between using AI and opening up your methods? Can ChatGPT be part of a transparent research workflow? In this edition of the Data Conversations, we will dived into many open questions talked about various tools and shared experiences with them. There were many great questions and many things to think about.
Overlap synchronisation in multipartite random energy models
Creators: name: Genovese, Giuseppe
name: Tantari, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In a multipartite random energy model, made of a number of coupled GREMs, we determine the joint law of the overlaps in terms of the ones of the single GREMs. This provides the simplest example of the so-called overlap synchronisation.
description: 6 pages
Study of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MEDAS) In Lebanese Families
Creators: name: Nehme, Nada
name: Pano, Nathalie
name: Abbas, Fatima Abou
name: Mincione, Simona
name: Ammoun, Imad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Lebanon, Consumer, Diet, Disease, Medas.

description: Under the scope of the PRIMA funded project: ‘Switching Mediterranean Consumers to Mediterranean Sustainable Healthy Dietary Patterns' (SWITCHtoHEALTHY-GA 2133), in 2022, Consumers Lebanon conducted a door-to-door survey to assess the rate of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDAS) among 209 Lebanese families from different socio-economical levels. Concerning Mediterranean diet adherence screener, the results show that 78% of this population use olive oil as the principal source of fat for cooking, more than 60% consume at least 2 portions of vegetables and 3 pieces of fruit per day. The MED populations enjoy a better health, 77%, 93% and 85%, respectively do not have chronic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes compared to 75%, 88% and 89%, respectively in the general population. After calculation the target variable ‘score’ of 14 questions for each person, the study found that 56% of this population does not have adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and 44% does have.
Momentum-resolved TDDFT algorithm in atomic basis for real time tracking of electronic excitation
Creators: name: Lian, Chao
name: Hu, Shi-Qi
name: Guan, Meng-Xue
name: Meng, Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast electronic dynamics in solids lies at the core of modern condensed matter and materials physics. To build up a practical ab initio method for studying solids under photoexcitation, we develop a momentum-resolved real-time time dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT)algorithm using numerical atomic basis, together with the implementation of both the length and vector gauge of the electromagnetic field. When applied to simulate elementary excitations in two-dimensional materials such as graphene, different excitation modes, only distinguishable in momentum space, are observed. The momentum-resolved rt-TDDFT is important and computationally efficient for the study of ultrafast dynamics in extended systems.
Managing Power Demand from Air Conditioning Benefits Solar PV in India Scenarios for 2040
Creators: name: Ershad, Ahmad Murtaza
name: Pietzcker, Robert
name: Ueckerdt, Falko
name: Luderer, Gunnar
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: renewable electricity integration
subject: market value
subject: wind and solar PV
subject: demand-side management
subject: air conditioning
subject: India
subject: power sector modelling

description: An Indian electricity system with very high shares of solar photovoltaics seems to be a plausible future given the ever-falling solar photovoltaic (PV) costs, recent Indian auction prices, and governmental support schemes. However, the variability of solar PV electricity, i.e., the seasonal, daily, and other weather-induced variations, could create an economic barrier. In this paper, we analyzed a strategy to overcome this barrier with demand-side management (DSM) by lending flexibility to the rapidly increasing electricity demand for air conditioning through either precooling or chilled water storage. With an open-source power sector model, we estimated the endogenous investments into and the hourly dispatching of these demand-side options for a broad range of potential PV shares in the Indian power system in 2040. We found that both options reduce the challenges of variability by shifting electricity demand from the evening peak to midday, thereby reducing the temporal mismatch of demand and solar PV supply profiles. This increases the economic value of solar PV, especially at shares above 40%, the level at which the economic value roughly doubles through demand flexibility. Consequently, DSM increases the competitive and cost-optimal solar PV generation share from 33–45% (without DSM) to ~45–60% (with DSM). These insights are transferable to most countries with high solar irradiation in warm climate zones, which amounts to a major share of future electricity demand. This suggests that technologies, which give flexibility to air conditioning demand, can be an important contribution toward enabling a solar-centered global electricity supply.
Are Hidden-Variable Theories for Pilot-Wave Systems Possible ?
Creators: name: Vervoort, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it was shown that certain fluid-mechanical 'pilot-wave' systems can strikingly mimic a range of quantum properties, including single particle diffraction and interference, quantization of angular momentum etc. How far does this analogy go? The ultimate test of (apparent) quantumness of such systems is a Bell-test. Here the premises of the Bell inequality are re-investigated for particles accompanied by a pilot-wave, or more generally by a resonant 'background' field. We find that two of these premises, namely outcome independence and measurement independence, may not be generally valid when such a background is present. Under this assumption the Bell inequality is possibly (but not necessarily) violated. A class of hydrodynamic Bell experiments is proposed that could test this claim. Such a Bell test on fluid systems could provide a wealth of new insights on the different loopholes for Bell's theorem. Finally, it is shown that certain properties of background-based theories can be illustrated in Ising spin-lattices.
description: This version emphasizes the importance of performing the proposed hydrodynamic Bell test. Compared to the first version it phrases things more precisely, notably the assumptions that are made in the model. Also, a few more insights were gained through discussions with experts. The main conclusions remain the same
Probing the Interstellar Dust towards the Galactic Centre: Dust Scattering Halo around AX J1745.6-2901
Creators: name: Jin, Chichuan
name: Ponti, Gabriele
name: Haberl, Frank
name: Smith, Randall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: AX J1745.6-2901 is an X-ray binary located at only 1.45 arcmin from Sgr A*, showcasing a strong X-ray dust scattering halo. We combine Chandra and XMM-Newton observations to study the halo around this X-ray binary. Our study shows two major thick dust layers along the line of sight (LOS) towards AX J1745.6-2901. The LOS position and $N_{H}$ of these two layers depend on the dust grain models with different grain size distribution and abundances. But for all the 19 dust grain models considered, dust Layer-1 is consistently found to be within a fractional distance of 0.11 (mean value: 0.05) to AX J1745.6-2901 and contains only (19-34)% (mean value: 26%) of the total LOS dust. The remaining dust is contained in Layer-2, which is distributed from the Earth up to a mean fractional distance of 0.64. A significant separation between the two layers is found for all the dust grain models, with a mean fractional distance of 0.31. Besides, an extended wing component is discovered in the halo, which implies a higher fraction of dust grains with typical sizes $\lesssim$ 590 Å than considered in current dust grain models. Assuming AX J1745.6-2901 is 8 kpc away, dust Layer-2 would be located in the Galactic disk several kpc away from the Galactic Centre (GC). The dust scattering halo biases the observed spectrum of AX J1745.6-2901 severely in both spectral shape and flux, and also introduces a strong dependence on the size of the instrumental point spread function and the source extraction region. We build Xspec models to account for this spectral bias, which allow us to recover the intrinsic spectrum of AX J1745.6-2901 free from dust scattering opacity. If dust Layer-2 also intervenes along the LOS to Sgr A* and other nearby GC sources, a significant spectral correction for the dust scattering opacity would be necessary for all these GC sources.
description: 20 pages, published by MNRAS; revised values in Table-1 and Table-B1
Newly Approved and Emerging Agents in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Creators: name: Abdou, Yara
name: Yan, Fengting
name: Graff, Stephanie L
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description:
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer (HER2+ BC) is an aggressive tumor type, accounting for 15% to 20% of the approximately 300,000 new BC cases in the United States each year. The goal of this review is to discuss the evolving landscape of therapies for HER2+ metastatic BC (mBC). Targeted therapies that have been the standard of care (SOC) for HER2+ mBC for almost a decade have greatly improved patient outcomes. The SOC for the first-line treatment of HER2+ mBC continues to be HER2-targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) + a taxane, but recent updates in the second-line setting favor use of a newer HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), trastuzumab deruxtecan, versus the prior SOC ADC, trastuzumab emtansine. Numerous options are now available in the third line and beyond, including tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) regimens, newer mAbs, and other ADCs. The optimal course of treatment for individual patients can be guided by location of metastases, prior therapies, concomitant biomarkers, and monitoring and management of adverse events. Ongoing trials will further the evolution of the HER2+ mBC treatment landscape. Furthermore, next-generation ADCs, TKIs, and classes of drugs that have not been approved for the treatment of HER2+ mBC, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors, are also being evaluated for their efficacy in the first and second line. Although the influx of new drugs may complicate treatment decisions for physicians, having a multitude of options will undoubtedly further improve patient outcomes and patient-centered care.
Extranatural Inflation Redux
Creators: name: Dhuria, Mansi
name: Goswami, Gaurav
name: Prasad, Jayanti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The success of a given inflationary model crucially depends upon two features: its predictions for observables such as those of the Cosmic Microwave background (CMB) and its insensitivity to the unknown ultraviolet (UV) physics such as quantum gravitational effects. Extranatural inflation is a well motivated scenario which is insensitive to UV physics by construction. In this five dimensional model, the fifth dimension is compactified on a circle and the zero mode of the fifth component of a bulk $U(1)$ gauge field acts as the inflaton. In this work, we study simple variations of the minimal extranatural inflation model in order to improve its CMB predictions while retaining its numerous merits. We find that it is possible to obtain CMB predictions identical to those of e.g. ${\cal R} + {\cal R}^2$ Starobinsky model of inflation and show that this can be done in the most minimal way by having two additional extra light fermionic species in the bulk, with the same $U(1)$ charges. We then find the constraints that CMB observations impose on the parameters of the model.
description: Journal version (to appear in Phy. Rev. D)
On the Frobenius direct image of the structure sheaf of a homogeneous projective variety
Creators: name: Kaneda, Masaharu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G

description: We present an example of a homogeneous projective variety the Frobenius direct image of the structure sheaf of which has nonvanishing self extension.
description: An error in (3.4) is corrected. An appendix is added to recall some previous work. An easier case of the parabolic subgroup associated to the long simple root is added, as well as some corrections of inaccuracies
Quantum enhanced measurements without entanglement
Creators: name: Braun, Daniel
name: Adesso, Gerardo
name: Benatti, Fabio
name: Floreanini, Roberto
name: Marzolino, Ugo
name: Mitchell, Morgan W.
name: Pirandola, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-enhanced measurements exploit quantum mechanical effects for increasing the sensitivity of measurements of certain physical parameters and have great potential for both fundamental science and concrete applications. Most of the research has so far focused on using highly entangled states, which are, however, difficult to produce and to stabilize for a large number of constituents. In the following we review alternative mechanisms, notably the use of more general quantum correlations such as quantum discord, identical particles, or non-trivial hamiltonians; the estimation of thermodynamical parameters or parameters characterizing non-equilibrium states; and the use of quantum phase transitions. We describe both theoretically achievable enhancements and enhanced sensitivities, not primarily based on entanglement, that have already been demonstrated experimentally, and indicate some possible future research directions.
description: replaced with revised version accepted for publication in Review of Modern Physics
Bounds on CFTs with $W_3$ algebras and AdS$_3$ higher spin theories
Creators: name: Apolo, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scaling dimension of the first excited state in two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) satisfies a universal upper bound. Using the modular bootstrap, we extend this result to CFTs with $W_3$ algebras which are generically dual to higher spin theories in AdS$_3$. Assuming unitarity and modular invariance, we show that the conformal weights $h$, $\bar{h}$ of the lightest charged state satisfy $h < c/12 + O(1)$ and $\bar{h} < \bar{c}/12 + O(1)$ in the limit where the central charges $c$, $\bar{c}$ are large. Furthermore, we show that in this limit any consistent CFT with $W_3$ currents must contain at least one state whose $W_3$ charge $w$ obeys $|w| > 4 |h-c/24| /\sqrt{10 πc} + O(1)$. We discuss hints on the existence of stronger bounds and comment on the interpretation of our results in the dual higher spin theory.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure; v2: added references, added bound on mass-to-charge ratio, corrected several equations in Section III and Appendix B that leave results unchanged, matches published version
Information transfer during the universal gravitational decoherence
Creators: name: Korbicz, J. K.
name: Tuziemski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently Pikovski et al. have proposed in [ Pikovski I et al. 2015 Nature Phys. 11, 668] an intriguing universal decoherence mechanism, suggesting that gravitation may play a conceptually important role in the quantum-to-classical transition, albeit vanishingly small in everyday situations. Here we analyze information transfer induced by this mechanism. We show that generically on short time-scales, gravitational decoherence leads to a redundant information encoding, which results in a form of objectivization of the center-of-mass position in the gravitational field. We derive the relevant time-scales of this process, given in terms of energy dispersion and quantum Fisher information. As an example we study thermal coherent states and show certain robustness of the effect with the temperature. Finally, we draw an analogy between our objectivization mechanism and the fundamental problem of point individuation in General Relativity as emphasized by the Einstein's Hole argument.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure; published version
Weak lensing power spectrum reconstruction by counting galaxies.-- I: the ABS method
Creators: name: Yang, Xinjuan
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Yu, Yu
name: Zhang, Pengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an Analytical method of Blind Separation (ABS) of cosmic magnification from the intrinsic fluctuations of galaxy number density in the observed galaxy number density distribution. The ABS method utilizes the different dependences of the signal (cosmic magnification) and contamination (galaxy intrinsic clustering) on galaxy flux, to separate the two. It works directly on the measured cross galaxy angular power spectra between different flux bins. It determines/reconstructs the lensing power spectrum analytically, without assumptions of galaxy intrinsic clustering and cosmology. It is unbiased in the limit of infinite number of galaxies. In reality the lensing reconstruction accuracy depends on survey configurations, galaxy biases, and other complexities, due to finite number of galaxies and the resulting shot noise fluctuations in the cross galaxy power spectra. We estimate its performance (systematic and statistical errors) in various cases. We find that, stage IV dark energy surveys such as SKA and LSST are capable of reconstructing the lensing power spectrum at $z\simeq 1$ and $\ell\la 5000$ accurately. This lensing reconstruction only requires counting galaxies, and is therefore highly complementary to the cosmic shear measurement by the same surveys.
description: v1: 13 pages, 10 figures. v2: minor revisions. ApJ in press
All-Order Volume Conjecture for Closed 3-Manifolds from Complex Chern-Simons Theory
Creators: name: Gang, Dongmin
name: Romo, Mauricio
name: Yamazaki, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose an extension of the recently-proposed volume conjecture for closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds, to all orders in perturbative expansion. We first derive formulas for the perturbative expansion of the partition function of complex Chern-Simons theory around a hyperbolic flat connection, which produces infinitely-many perturbative invariants of the closed oriented 3-manifold. The conjecture is that this expansion coincides with the perturbative expansion of the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants at roots of unity $q=e^{2 πi/r}$ with $r$ odd, in the limit $r \to \infty$. We provide numerical evidence for our conjecture.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures; v2: published version
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Standardization
Creators: name: Heß, Philipp
name: Blind, Knut
Publisher: name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft
subject: COVID-19
subject: innovation
subject: quality infrastructure
subject: QI
subject: standards
subject: standardization

description: Standards played a central role in the quality infrastructure that supported the international reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic and were a cornerstone in managing new technology in times of crisis. They fostered the resilience of value chains, enabled the global production and distribution of medical equipment, and supported the reliable operation of laboratories. To provide new and updated standards, the standardization system needed to restructure highly complex processes that relied on contributions from stakeholders who, themselves, were affected by the crisis. In this article, we generate new and unique evidence on the impact of the pandemic on standardization by using the assessments of nearly 2400 standardizing organizations from a dedicated survey in combination with an 8-year-long panel. Our results show that firms' changes to their standard-setting activities are moderate, especially as digitalization effects compensate for shrinking budgets. An increase in the usage of standards was only noticeable for areas directly implicated by the pandemic, e.g., medical equipment. Standardizing firms appear to “sit out” the crisis while sinking costs for participation equip the system with resilience. However, the pandemic creates new challenges for standard-setting organizations due to disruptive effects on work in committees, where interpersonal exchange suffered, and introduced changes potentially cause creative destruction.
The role of the quality infrastructure within socio-technical transformations: A European perspective
Creators: name: Blind, Knut
Publisher: name: Elsevier BV
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft
subject: socio-technical regimes
subject: transformation
subject: transition
subject: quality infrastructure
subject: regulation
subject: standardization

description: The role of quality infrastructure, i.e., regulation, standardization, metrology, conformity assessment, and accreditation, is analyzed in the general context of socio-technical transformations. Six policy intervention points structure their potential contributions. First, insights from the literature and anecdotal evidence reveal that regulation plays an essential role in niche stimulation, yet standardization is becoming more important for niche acceleration. However, regulation is essential for destabilizing the whole regime but also for addressing possible repercussions. Within the coordination of multi-regime interactions, the consistency of regulations and the interfaces to the other elements of quality infrastructure has to be assured. To tilt the whole landscape, the regulatory framework conditions have to be altered, allowing changes in the directionality of socio-technical systems. Finally, international standards can leverage nationally focused changes of regulations towards the global level. Policy recommendations and limitations conclude the paper.
Breathing bands due to molecular order in CH3NH3PbI3
Creators: name: Wierzbowska, Malgorzata
name: Melendez, Juan Jose
name: Varsano, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite is nowadays amongst the most promising photovoltaic materials for energy conversion. We have studied by ab-initio calculations, using several levels of approximation - namely density functional theory including spin-orbit coupling and quasi-particle corrections by means of the GW method, as well as pseudopotential self-interaction corrections -, the role of the methylammonium orientation on the electronic structure of this perovskite. We have considered many molecular arrangements within 2x2x2 supercells, showing that the relative orientation of the organic molecules is responsible for a huge band gap variation up to 2 eV. The band gap sizes are related to distortions of the PbI3 cage, which are in turn due to electrostatic interactions between this inorganic frame and the molecules. The strong dependence of the band gap on the mutual molecular orientation is confirmed at all levels of approximations. Our results suggest then that the coupling between the molecular motion and the interactions of the molecules with the inorganic cage could help to explain the widening of the absorption spectrum of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite, consistent with the observed white spectrum.
Nature of the Antiferromagnetic and Nematic Transitions in Sr$_{1-x}$Ba$_x$Fe$_{1.97}$Ni$_{0.03}$As$_2$
Creators: name: Gong, Dongliang
name: Liu, Zhaoyu
name: Gu, Yanhong
name: Xie, Tao
name: Ma, Xiaoyan
name: Luo, Huiqian
name: Yang, Yi-feng
name: Li, Shiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have systematically studied the antiferromagnetic and nematic transitions in Sr$_{1-x}$Ba$_x$Fe$_{1.97}$Ni$_{0.03}$As$_2$ by magnetic susceptibility and uniaxial-pressure resistivity measurements, respectively. The derivatives of the temperature dependence of both magnetic and nematic susceptibilities show clearly sharp peak when the transitions are first-order. Accordingly, we show that while both of the magnetic and nematic transitions change from first-order to second-order with increasing Barium doping level, there is a narrow doping range where the former becomes second-order but the latter remains first-order, which has never been realized before in other systems. Moreover, the antiferromagnetic and nematic transition temperatures become different and the jump of nematic susceptibility becomes small in this intermediate doping range. Our results provide key information on the interplay between magnetic and nematic transitions. Concerning the current debate on the microscopic models for nematicity in iron-based superconductors, these observations agree with the magnetic scenario for an itinerant fermionic model in excellent details.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Infant Outcomes in Hypertensive Women: Are there Moderating Effects of Prenatal Care and Race/Ethnicity?
Creators: name: Holditch-Davis, Diane
name: Avorgbedor, Forgive
name: Yeo, Seonae
name: Silva, Susan
name: McCoy, Thomas P.
name: Merwin, Elizabeth
name: Blumenthal, James A.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2023

description:
Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is one of the leading causes of adverse infant outcomes. Black women are disproportionately affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and it associated adverse outcomes. Adequate prenatal care may improve adverse infant outcomes. However, the evidence on adequate prenatal care improving birth outcomes for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy especially for Blacks is limited. This study examined the role of adequate prenatal care and race/ethnicity as moderators of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on infant outcomes. Methods The sample was obtained from the 2016–2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Surveillance dataset from North Carolina. We compared adequate prenatal care among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (n = 610) to women without(n = 2,827), and women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with adequate prenatal care to women hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with inadequate prenatal care. Results The weighted prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 14.1%. Adequate prenatal care was associated with better infant outcomes for low birth weight (AOR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.58, 0.90) and preterm birth (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.46, 0.82). Although these effects were not moderated by Black race/ethnicity, Black women independently also had worse outcomes for preterm birth (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.11, 2.28) and low birth weight (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.42, 2.29). Conclusions Moderation of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy effects on infant outcomes by prenatal care and race/ethnicity was not found. Women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who received inadequate prenatal care experienced worse adverse birth outcomes compared to women without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Strategies to improve prenatal care, particularly among underserved populations at risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, need to be a public health priority.
Breakings of the neutrino mu-tau reflection symmetry
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhen-hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino $μ$-$τ$ reflection symmetry has been attracting a lot of attention as it predicts the interesting results $θ^{}_{23} = π/4$ and $δ= \pm π/2$. But it is reasonable to consider breakings of such a symmetry either from the theoretical considerations or on the basis of experimental results. We thus perform a systematic study for the possible symmetry-breaking patterns and their implications for the mixing parameters. The general treatment is applied to some specific symmetry breaking arising from the renormalization group effects for illustration.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables, minor revision, accepted for publication in JHEP
title: Exception to the exception rule: synthetic and naturally occurring single chromosome Vibrio cholerae
Creators: name: Sozhamannan, Shanmuga
name: Waldminghaus, Torsten
Publisher: name: John Wiley & Sons
Year: 2024

description: The genome of Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, is an exception to the single chromosome rule found in the vast majority of bacteria and has its genome partitioned between two unequally sized chromosomes. This unusual two‐chromosome arrangement in V. cholerae has sparked considerable research interest since its discovery. It was demonstrated that the two chromosomes could be fused by deliberate genome engineering or forced to fuse spontaneously by blocking the replication of Chr2, the secondary chromosome. Recently, natural isolates of V. cholerae with chromosomal fusion have been found. Here, we summarize the pertinent findings on this exception to the exception rule and discuss the potential utility of single‐chromosome V. cholerae to address fundamental questions on chromosome biology in general and DNA replication in particular.
Anisotropies in the linear polarization of vacancy photoluminescence in diamond induced by crystal rotations and strong magnetic fields
Creators: name: Braukmann, D.
name: Popov, V. P.
name: Glaser, E. R.
name: Kennedy, T. A.
name: Bayer, M.
name: Debus, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the linear polarization properties of the photoluminescence of the neutral and negatively charged nitrogen vacancies and neutral vacancies in diamond crystals as function of their symmetry and their response to strong external magnetic fields. The linear polarization degree, which exceeds 10% at room temperature, and rotation of the polarization plane of their zero-phonon lines significantly depend on the crystal rotation around specific axes demonstrating anisotropic angular evolutions. The sign of the polarization plane rotation is changed periodically through the crystal rotation, which indicates a switching between electron excited states of orthogonal linear polarizations. At external magnetic fields of up to 10 T, the angular dependences of the linear polarization degree experience a remarkable phase shift. Moreover, the rotation of the linear polarization plane increases linearly with rising magnetic field at 6 K and room temperature, for the negatively charged nitrogen vacancies, which is attributed to magneto-optical Faraday rotation.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Chiral vortical effect with finite rotation, temperature, and curvature
Creators: name: Flachi, Antonino
name: Fukushima, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform an explicit calculation of the axial current at finite rotation and temperature in curved space. We find that finite curvature and mass corrections to the chiral vortical effect satisfy a relation of the chiral gap effect, that is, a fermion mass-shift by a scalar curvature. We also point out that a product term of the angular velocity and the scalar curvature shares the same coefficient as the mixed gravitational chiral anomaly. We discuss possible applications of the curvature induced chiral vortical effect to rotating astrophysical compact objects described by the Kerr metric. Instead of direct calculation we assume that the Chern-Simons current can approximate the physical axial current. We make a proposal that the chiral vortical current from rotating compact objects could provide a novel microscopic mechanism behind the generation of collimated jets.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; an extended version with more discussions on a robust part of our calculations
Leibniz and the ‘petites réflexions’
Creators: name: Bender, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 190 Neuzeitliche westliche und andere nichtöstliche Philosophie

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: In this article, I defend the thesis that Leibniz’s rational substances always have higher-order perceptions, even when they are, say, in a dreamless sleep. I argue that without this assumption, Leibniz’s conception of reflection would introduce discontinuities into his philosophy of mind which (given his Principle of Continuity) he cannot allow. This interpretation does not imply, however, that rational beings must be aware of these higher-order states at all times. In fact, these states are often unconscious or ‘small’ (analogous to Leibniz’s famous petites perceptions) and only count as reflections when they become distinct or heightened enough. Reflections thus arise out of ‘petites réflexions’ just as conscious perceptions arise out of petites perceptions. I argue, furthermore, that an analysis of some aspects of Leibniz’s theory of memory shows that he is not only committed to the thesis that rational beings always have higher-order states but that he also accepts it. I conclude by considering whether my interpretation is at odds with Leibniz’s doctrine of transcreation and also whether it has any consequences for which theory of consciousness we should ascribe to Leibniz.
A quantum retrograde canon: Complete population transfer in $n^{2}$-state systems
Creators: name: Padan, Alon
name: Suchowski, Haim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel approach for analytically reducing a family of time-dependent multi-state quantum control problems to two-state systems. The presented method translates between $SU(2)XSU(2)$ controlled $n^{2}$-state systems and two-state systems, such that the former undergo complete population transfer (CPT) if and only if the latter reach specific states. For even n, the method translates any two-state CPT scheme to CPT schemes in $n^{2}$-state systems. In particular, facilitating CPT in a four-state system via real time-dependent nearest-neighbors couplings is reduced to facilitating CPT in a two-level system. Furthermore, we show that the method can be used for operator control, and provide conditions for producing several universal gates for quantum computation as an example. In addition, we indicate a basis for utilizing the method in optimal control problems.
description: 7 pages main text + 3 pages appendices
Kant, Epistemic Phenomenalism, and the Refutation of Idealism
Creators: name: Oberst, Michael
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 190 Neuzeitliche westliche und andere nichtöstliche Philosophie

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: This paper takes issue with the widespread view that Kant rejects epistemic phenomenalism. According to epistemic phenomenalism, only cognition of states of one’s own mind can be certain, while cognition of outer objects is necessarily uncertain. I argue that Kant does not reject this view, but accepts a modified version of it. For, in contrast to traditional skeptics, he distinguishes between two kinds of outer objects and holds that we have direct access to outer appearances in our mind; but he still considers objects outside our mind unknowable. This sheds new light on Kant’s refutation of idealism.
title: Gassing Behavior of High‐Entropy Oxide Anode and Oxyfluoride Cathode Probed Using Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry
Creators: name: Breitung, Ben
name: Wang, Qingsong
name: Schiele, Alexander
name: Tripković, Đorđije
name: Sarkar, Abhishek
name: Velasco, Leonardo
name: Wang, Di
name: Bhattacharya, Subramshu S.
name: Hahn, Horst
name: Brezesinski, Torsten
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2024

description: Multicomponent materials may exhibit favorable Li‐storage properties because of entropy stabilization. While the first examples of high‐entropy oxides and oxyfluorides show good cycling performance, they suffer from various problems. Here, we report on side reactions leading to gas evolution in Li‐ion cells using rock‐salt (Co₀.₂Cu₀.₂Mg₀.₂Ni₀.₂Zn₀.₂)O (HEO) or Li(Co₀.₂Cu₀.₂Mg₀.₂Ni₀.₂Zn₀.₂)OF (Li(HEO)F). Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry indicates that a robust solid‐electrolyte interphase layer is formed on the HEO anode, even when using an additive‐free electrolyte. For the Li(HEO)F cathode, the cumulative amount of gases is found by pressure measurements to depend strongly on the upper cutoff potential used during cycling. Cells charged to 5.0 V versus Li⁺/Li show the evolution of O₂, H₂, CO₂, CO and POF₃, with the latter species being indirectly due to lattice O₂ release as confirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy. This result attests to the negative effect that lattice instability at high potentials has on the gassing.
Local Algorithms for Hierarchical Dense Subgraph Discovery
Creators: name: Sariyuce, Ahmet Erdem
name: Seshadhri, C.
name: Pinar, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Finding the dense regions of a graph and relations among them is a fundamental problem in network analysis. Core and truss decompositions reveal dense subgraphs with hierarchical relations. The incremental nature of algorithms for computing these decompositions and the need for global information at each step of the algorithm hinders scalable parallelization and approximations since the densest regions are not revealed until the end. In a previous work, Lu et al. proposed to iteratively compute the $h$-indices of neighbor vertex degrees to obtain the core numbers and prove that the convergence is obtained after a finite number of iterations. This work generalizes the iterative $h$-index computation for truss decomposition as well as nucleus decomposition which leverages higher-order structures to generalize core and truss decompositions. In addition, we prove convergence bounds on the number of iterations. We present a framework of local algorithms to obtain the core, truss, and nucleus decompositions. Our algorithms are local, parallel, offer high scalability, and enable approximations to explore time and quality trade-offs. Our shared-memory implementation verifies the efficiency, scalability, and effectiveness of our local algorithms on real-world networks.
Restrictions for the Causal Inferences in an Interferometric System
Creators: name: Rossi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Causal discovery algorithms allow for the inference of causal structures from probabilistic relations of random variables. A natural field for the application of this tool is quantum mechanics, where a long-standing debate about the role of causality in the theory has flourished since its early days. In this paper, a causal discovery algorithm is applied in the search for causal models to describe a quantum version of Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment. The outputs explicitly show the restrictions for the introduction of classical concepts in this system. The exclusion of models with two hidden variables is one of them. A consequence of such a constraint is the impossibility to construct a causal model that avoids superluminal causation and assumes an objective view of the wave and particle properties simultaneously.
Sexual orientation, gender expression and socioeconomic status in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Creators: name: Hernandez, Stephanie M.
name: Halpern, Carolyn T.
name: Conron, Kerith J.
Publisher: name: BMJ
Year: 2023

description:
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a fundamental contributor to health, yet it is rarely examined relative to gender expression, particularly gender non-conformity and sexual orientation. METHODS: We use data from 11 242 Wave V respondents (aged 33-44) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (2016-2018) to examine associations between socially assigned gender expression, sexual orientation and SES, in logistic and multinomial regression models stratified by sex assigned at birth. RESULTS: Among both women and men a general pattern of heightened risk for lower SES among gender non-conforming sexual minorities relative to gender conforming heterosexuals was observed. Gender non-conforming heterosexuals were also at elevated risk of lower SES compared with their conforming heterosexual peers. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic differences by sexual orientation and gender expression have important implications for understanding health disparities among gender non-conforming sexual minorities and their gender conforming heterosexual counterparts.
Spectral features of tidal-disruption candidates and alternative origins for such transient flares
Creators: name: Saxton, Curtis J.
name: Perets, Hagai B.
name: Baskin, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: UV and optically selected candidates for stellar tidal disruption events (TDE) often exhibit broad spectral features (HeII emission, H$α$ emission, or absorption lines) on a blackbody-like continuum (1e4K
description: MNRAS accepted revised version; 18 pages, 6 figures
Enabling Robots to Communicate their Objectives
Creators: name: Huang, Sandy H.
name: Held, David
name: Abbeel, Pieter
name: Dragan, Anca D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The overarching goal of this work is to efficiently enable end-users to correctly anticipate a robot's behavior in novel situations. Since a robot's behavior is often a direct result of its underlying objective function, our insight is that end-users need to have an accurate mental model of this objective function in order to understand and predict what the robot will do. While people naturally develop such a mental model over time through observing the robot act, this familiarization process may be lengthy. Our approach reduces this time by having the robot model how people infer objectives from observed behavior, and then it selects those behaviors that are maximally informative. The problem of computing a posterior over objectives from observed behavior is known as Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL), and has been applied to robots learning human objectives. We consider the problem where the roles of human and robot are swapped. Our main contribution is to recognize that unlike robots, humans will not be exact in their IRL inference. We thus introduce two factors to define candidate approximate-inference models for human learning in this setting, and analyze them in a user study in the autonomous driving domain. We show that certain approximate-inference models lead to the robot generating example behaviors that better enable users to anticipate what it will do in novel situations. Our results also suggest, however, that additional research is needed in modeling how humans extrapolate from examples of robot behavior.
description: RSS 2017
Barjols, nattage de la queue du bœuf
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract