cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Online Algorithms for Market Clearing
Creators: name: Avrim  Blum
name: Sandholm, Tuomas W.
name: Zinkevich, Martin
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article, we study the problem of online market clearing where there is one commodity in the market being bought and sold by multiple buyers and sellers whose bids arrive and expire at different times. The auctioneer is faced with an online clearing problem of deciding which buy and sell bids to match without knowing what bids will arrive in the future. For maximizing profit, we present a (randomized) online algorithm with a competitive ratio of ln(pmax − pmin) + 1, when bids are in a range [pmin, pmax], which we show is the best possible. A simpler algorithm has a ratio twice this, and can be used even if expiration times are not known. For maximizing the number of trades, we present a simple greedy algorithm that achieves a factor of 2 competitive ratio if no money-losing trades are allowed. We also show that if the online algorithm is allowed to subsidize matches---match money-losing pairs if it has already collected enough money from previous pairs to pay for them---then it can actually be 1-competitive with respect to the optimal offline algorithm that is not allowed subsidy. That is, for maximizing the number of trades, the ability to subsidize is at least as valuable as knowing the future. We also consider objectives of maximizing buy or sell volume and social welfare. We present all of these results as corollaries of theorems on online matching in an incomplete interval graph.We also consider the issue of incentive compatibility, and develop a nearly optimal incentive-compatible algorithm for maximizing social welfare. For maximizing profit, we show that no incentive-compatible algorithm can achieve a sublinear competitive ratio, even if only one buy bid and one sell bid are alive at a time. However, we provide an algorithm that, under certain mild assumptions on the bids, performs nearly as well as the best fixed pair of buy and sell prices, a weaker but still natural performance measure. This latter result uses online learning methods, and we also show how such methods can be used to improve our “optimal” algorithms to a broader notion of optimality. Finally, we show how some of our results can be generalized to settings in which the buyers and sellers themselves have online bidding strategies, rather than just each having individual bids.
Estimating gate-set properties from random sequences
Creators: name: Helsen, J.
name: Ioannou, M.
name: Kitzinger, J.
name: Onorati, E.
name: Werner, A. H.
name: Eisert, J.
name: Roth, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With quantum computing devices increasing in scale and complexity, there is a growing need for tools that obtain precise diagnostic information about quantum operations. However, current quantum devices are only capable of short unstructured gate sequences followed by native measurements. We accept this limitation and turn it into a new paradigm for characterizing quantum gate-sets. A single experiment - random sequence estimation - solves a wealth of estimation problems, with all complexity moved to classical post-processing. We derive robust channel variants of shadow estimation with close-to-optimal performance guarantees and use these as a primitive for partial, compressive and full process tomography as well as the learning of Pauli noise. We discuss applications to the quantum gate engineering cycle, and propose novel methods for the optimization of quantum gates and diagnosing cross-talk.
description: 10+17 pages, 3 figures, replaced with final version
THE PROBLEM OF MODERN APPROACHES IN MATHEMATICS TEACHING
Creators: name: Kholmirzayeva Gulbahor Mutalibovna teacher of mathematics at Vocational School No. 2, Altiariq District, Fergana Region
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The article briefly analyzes the issue of the pedagogue's use of new methods to increase students' interest in reading and learning mathematics.

Key words: Mathematics, document, study, problem, independent work
Wenn Sprache einen Weg findet. Menschen mit frühkindlichen Hirnverletzungen erzählen
Creators: name: Zanotta, Ursulina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
frühkindliche Hirnverletzung
Sprache
Masterarbeit

description: Im Leben von Menschen, die über einen wachen Geist verfügen, aber durch frühkindliche Hirnverletzungen sowohl in der Fortbewegung wie auch in der Sprache schwer motorisch beeinträchtigt sind, sind Schwierigkeiten vorprogrammiert. Diese Masterthese beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, was diese Menschen, die über keine Lautsprache verfügen, in ihren Lebensberichten, erzählen. In vierzig Kategorien wurden über tausend Erzählsegmente von Betroffenen zur persönlichen Situation, dem sozialen Umfeld, den Beziehungen und den Sinnesempfindungen gesammelt. Zu jeder Kategorie werden konkrete Textstellen, ein Resümee aller Zitationen und eine kurze übergeordnete Hypothese, die auf die Aussage aller Erzählenden zutrifft, aufgeführt. Diese Arbeit soll dazu dienen, die Einstellung und Haltung gegenüber Menschen mit körperlichen Beeinträchtigungen zu überdenken und deren Stimme zu Gehör zu verhelfen.
On a generalization of the preconditioned Crank-Nicolson Metropolis algorithm
Creators: name: Rudolf, Daniel
name: Sprungk, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J05, 62F15, 65C40

description: Metropolis algorithms for approximate sampling of probability measures on infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces are considered and a generalization of the preconditioned Crank-Nicolson (pCN) proposal is introduced. The new proposal is able to incorporate information of the measure of interest. A numerical simulation of a Bayesian inverse problem indicates that a Metropolis algorithm with such a proposal performs independent of the state space dimension and the variance of the observational noise. Moreover, a qualitative convergence result is provided by a comparison argument for spectral gaps. In particular, it is shown that the generalization inherits geometric ergodicity from the Metropolis algorithm with pCN proposal.
description: 40 pages, 3 Figures
Additional file 1 of Role modelling in professional identity formation: a systematic scoping review
Creators: name: Koh, Eugene Yong Hian
name: Koh, Kai Kee
name: Renganathan, Yaazhini
name: Krishna, Lalit
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Performance Evaluation of Python Parallel Programming Models: Charm4Py and mpi4py
Creators: name: Fink, Zane
name: Liu, Simeng
name: Choi, Jaemin
name: Diener, Matthias
name: Kale, Laxmikant V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Python is rapidly becoming the lingua franca of machine learning and scientific computing. With the broad use of frameworks such as Numpy, SciPy, and TensorFlow, scientific computing and machine learning are seeing a productivity boost on systems without a requisite loss in performance. While high-performance libraries often provide adequate performance within a node, distributed computing is required to scale Python across nodes and make it genuinely competitive in large-scale high-performance computing. Many frameworks, such as Charm4Py, DaCe, Dask, Legate Numpy, mpi4py, and Ray, scale Python across nodes. However, little is known about these frameworks' relative strengths and weaknesses, leaving practitioners and scientists without enough information about which frameworks are suitable for their requirements. In this paper, we seek to narrow this knowledge gap by studying the relative performance of two such frameworks: Charm4Py and mpi4py. We perform a comparative performance analysis of Charm4Py and mpi4py using CPU and GPU-based microbenchmarks other representative mini-apps for scientific computing.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures. To appear at "Sixth International IEEE Workshop on Extreme Scale Programming Models and Middleware"
Emerging the dark sector from thermodynamics of cosmological systems with constant pressure
Creators: name: Aviles, Alejandro
name: Cruz, Norman
name: Klapp, Jaime
name: Luongo, Orlando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the thermodynamics of general fluids that have the constriction that their pressure is constant. For example, this happens in the case of pure dust matter, for which the pressure vanishes and also in the case of standard dark matter phenomenology. Assuming a finite non-zero pressure, the corresponding dynamics is richer than one naively would expect. In particular, it can be considered as a unified description of dark energy and dark matter. We first consider the more general thermodynamic properties of this class of fluids finding the important result that for them adiabatic and isothermal processes should coincide. We therefore study their behaviors in curved space-times where local thermal equilibrium can be appealed. Thus, we show that this dark fluid degenerates with the dark sector of the LCDM model only in the case of adiabatic evolution. We demonstrate that, adding dissipative processes, a phantom behavior can occur and finally we further highlight that an arbitrary decomposition of the dark sector, into ad hoc dark matter and dark energy terms, may give rise to phantom dark energy, whereas the whole dark sector remains non-phantom.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Sparse Attack Construction and State Estimation in the Smart Grid: Centralized and Distributed Models
Creators: name: Ozay, Mete
name: Esnaola, Inaki
name: Vural, Fatos T. Yarman
name: Kulkarni, Sanjeev R.
name: Poor, H. Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: New methods that exploit sparse structures arising in smart grid networks are proposed for the state estimation problem when data injection attacks are present. First, construction strategies for unobservable sparse data injection attacks on power grids are proposed for an attacker with access to all network information and nodes. Specifically, novel formulations for the optimization problem that provide a flexible design of the trade-off between performance and false alarm are proposed. In addition, the centralized case is extended to a distributed framework for both the estimation and attack problems. Different distributed scenarios are proposed depending on assumptions that lead to the spreading of the resources, network nodes and players. Consequently, for each of the presented frameworks a corresponding optimization problem is introduced jointly with an algorithm to solve it. The validity of the presented procedures in real settings is studied through extensive simulations in the IEEE test systems.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Chiral orbital order of interacting bosons without higher bands
Creators: name: Di Liberto, Marco
name: Goldman, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracold atoms loaded into higher Bloch bands provide an elegant setting for realizing many-body quantum states that spontaneously break time-reversal symmetry through the formation of chiral orbital order. The applicability of this strategy remains nonetheless limited due to the finite lifetime of atoms in high-energy bands. Here we introduce an alternative framework, suitable for bosonic gases, which builds on assembling square plaquettes pierced by a $π$-flux (half a magnetic-flux quantum). This setting is shown to be formally equivalent to an interacting bosonic gas loaded into $p$ orbitals, and we explore the consequences of the resulting chiral orbital order, both for weak and strong onsite interactions. We demonstrate the emergence of a chiral superfluid vortex lattice, exhibiting a long-lived gapped collective mode that is characterized by local chiral currents. This chiral superfluid phase is shown to undergo a phase transition to a chiral Mott insulator for sufficiently strong interactions. Our work establishes coupled $π$-flux plaquettes as a practical route for the emergence of orbital order and chiral phases of matter.
description: 4+3 pages, 4+2 figures
Strategic Spatiotemporal Vaccine Distribution Increases the Survival Rate in an Infectious Disease like Covid-19
Creators: name: Grauer, Jens
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Supplementary Code for the manuscript: Jens Grauer, Hartmut Löwen, Benno Liebchen, "Strategic Spatiotemporal Vaccine Distribution Increases the Survival Rate in an Infectious Disease like Covid-19" (2020)
On Hierarchical Routing in Doubling Metrics
Creators: name: T.-H. Hubert Chan
name: Gupta, Anupam
name: Maggs, Bruce M.
name: Shuheng  Zhou
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the problem of routing in doubling metrics, and show how to perform hierarchical routing in such metrics with small stretch and compact routing tables (i.e., with small amount of routing information stored at each vertex). We say that a metric (X, d) has doubling dimension dim(X) at most α if every set of diameter D  can be covered by 2α sets of diameter D/2. (A doubling metric is one whose doubling dimension dim(X) is a constant.) We show how to perform (1 + τ)-stretch routing on metrics for any 0 < T ≤ 1 with routing tables of size at most (α/τ)O(α)  log2 Δ bits with only (α/τ)O(α) log Δ entries, where Δ is the diameter of the graph; hence the number of routing table entries is just τ-O(1) log Δ for doubling metrics. These results extend and improve on those of Talwar (2004).We also give better constructions of sparse spanners for doubling metrics than those obtained from the routing tables above; for τ > 0, we give algorithms to construct (1 + τ)-stretch spanners for a metric (X, d) with maximum degree at most (2 + 1/τ)O(dim(X)), matching the results of Das et al. for Euclidean metrics.
Asymptotic charges for spin-1 and spin-2 fields at the critical sets of null infinity
Creators: name: Mohamed, Mariem Magdy Ali
name: Kroon, Juan A. Valiente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The asymptotic charges of spin-1 and spin-2 fields are studied near spatial infinity. We evaluate the charges at the critical sets where spatial infinity meets null infinity with the aim of finding the relation between the charges at future and past null infinity. To this end, we make use of Friedrich's framework of the cylinder at spatial infinity to obtain asymptotic expansions of the Maxwell and spin-2 fields near spatial infinity, which are fully determined in terms of initial data on a Cauchy hypersurface. Expanding the initial data in terms of spin-weighted spherical harmonics, it is shown that only a subset of the initial data, that satisfies certain regularity conditions, gives rise to well-defined charges at the point where future (past) infinity meets spatial infinity. Given such initial data, the charges are shown to be fully expressed in terms of the freely specifiable part of the data. Moreover, it is shown that there exists a natural correspondence between the charges defined at future and past null infinity.
description: Minor improvements and typos corrected throughout. Correction of typo in Lemma 3
A Chandrasekhar Mass Progenitor for the Type Ia Supernova Remnant 3C 397 from The Enhanced Abundances of Nickel and Manganese
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Hiroya
name: Badenes, Carles
name: Foster, Adam R.
name: Bravo, Eduardo
name: Williams, Brian J.
name: Maeda, Keiichi
name: Nobukawa, Masayoshi
name: Eriksen, Kristoffer A.
name: Brickhouse, Nancy S.
name: Petre, Robert
name: Koyama, Katsuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite decades of intense efforts, many fundamental aspects of Type Ia supernova (SNe Ia) remain elusive. One of the major open questions is whether the mass of the exploding white dwarf (WD) is close to the Chandrasekhar limit. Here we report the detection of strong K-shell emission from stable Fe-peak elements in the Suzaku X-ray spectrum of the Type Ia supernova remnant (SNR) 3C 397. The high Ni/Fe and Mn/Fe mass ratios (0.11-0.24 and 0.018-0.033, respectively) in the hot plasma component that dominates the K-shell emission lines indicate a degree of neutronization in the SN ejecta which can only be achieved by electron captures in the dense cores of exploding WDs with a near-Chandrasekhar mass. This suggests a single-degenerate origin for 3C 397, since Chandrasekhar mass progenitors are expected naturally if the WD accretes mass slowly from a companion. Together with other results supporting the double-degenerate scenario, our work adds to the mounting evidence that both progenitor channels make a significant contribution to the SN Ia rate in star-forming galaxies.
description: Accepted by ApJL; 6 pages with 4 figures and 1 table
The Minimum Wiener Connector
Creators: name: Ruchansky, Natali
name: Bonchi, Francesco
name: Garcia-Soriano, David
name: Gullo, Francesco
name: Kourtellis, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Wiener index of a graph is the sum of all pairwise shortest-path distances between its vertices. In this paper we study the novel problem of finding a minimum Wiener connector: given a connected graph $G=(V,E)$ and a set $Q\subseteq V$ of query vertices, find a subgraph of $G$ that connects all query vertices and has minimum Wiener index. We show that The Minimum Wiener Connector admits a polynomial-time (albeit impractical) exact algorithm for the special case where the number of query vertices is bounded. We show that in general the problem is NP-hard, and has no PTAS unless $\mathbf{P} = \mathbf{NP}$. Our main contribution is a constant-factor approximation algorithm running in time $\widetilde{O}(|Q||E|)$. A thorough experimentation on a large variety of real-world graphs confirms that our method returns smaller and denser solutions than other methods, and does so by adding to the query set $Q$ a small number of important vertices (i.e., vertices with high centrality).
description: Published in Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data
The valence of harmonic polynomials viewed through the probabilistic lens
Creators: name: Lundberg, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 30C15, Secondary 60G60

description: We prove the existence of complex polynomials $p(z)$ of degree $n$ and $q(z)$ of degree $m
description: 11 pages. Revised version including a more careful explanation in the concluding remark 4.1
Páginas en blanco: transmissions of trauma in Junot Díaz’s the brief wondrous life of Oscar Wao
Creators: name: Rivera, Catalina
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: While the titular character of Oscar appears to be unequivocal hero of Junot Díaz's novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, the narrating figure of Yunior drives the text with his plural role as Watcher, teller, and participant in the drama of Oscar's tragedy. His footnotes, which often perplex readers by their very presence in a work of fiction, allow Yunior an intimate space in which he may bring language to the enigmatic truths of his trauma as a subject who subconsciously carries the burden of Dominican history; an impossible past wrought by Spanish conquest, the slave trade and the consequent economy of breeding people, the U.S. backed dictatorship of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina in the Dominican Republic for most of the presumably enlightened twentieth century, and the alienation of Dominican diaspora seeking liberty and opportunity within the contemporary United States. This paper seeks to uncover Yunior's surfacing trauma, and explores the possibility of his bearing witness to the violence of his origins. Yunior names a story about an other in order to bring his experience to language before he has fully claimed it as his own. By playing with the medium and genre of his narrative, Yunior hails an unknown witness to hear his testimony. This interaction between narrator and reader potentially changes the tone of intercultural dialogue, where reader expectations are deliberately upset in order to defamiliarize difficult truths and for saying that which cannot be said without fear of antagonistic divisions.
Additional file 1 of Mapping ethical issues in the use of smart home health technologies to care for older persons: a systematic review
Creators: name: Felber, Nadine Andrea
name: Tian, Yi Jiao (Angelina)
name: Pageau, Félix
name: Elger, Bernice Simone
name: Wangmo, Tenzin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional File 1: PRISMA 2020 checklist
The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey XVIII. Classifications and radial velocities of the B-type stars
Creators: name: Evans, C. J.
name: Kennedy, M. B.
name: Dufton, P. L.
name: Howarth, I. D.
name: Walborn, N. R.
name: Markova, N.
name: Clark, J. S.
name: de Mink, S. E.
name: de Koter, A.
name: Dunstall, P. R.
name: Hénault-Brunet, V.
name: Apellániz, J. Maíz
name: McEvoy, C. M.
name: Sana, H.
name: Simón-Díaz, S.
name: Taylor, W. D.
name: Vink, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectral classifications for 438 B-type stars observed as part of the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey (VFTS) in the 30 Doradus region of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Radial velocities are provided for 307 apparently single stars, and for 99 targets with radial-velocity variations which are consistent with them being spectroscopic binaries. We investigate the spatial distribution of the radial velocities across the 30 Dor region, and use the results to identify candidate runaway stars. Excluding potential runaways and members of two older clusters in the survey region (SL 639 and Hodge 301), we determine a systemic velocity for 30 Dor of 271.6 +/- 12.2 km/s from 273 presumed single stars. Employing a 3-sigma criterion we identify nine candidate runaway stars (2.9% of the single stars with radial-velocity estimates). The projected rotational velocities of the candidate runaways appear to be significantly different to those of the full B-type sample, with a strong preference for either large (>345 km/s) or small (<65 km/s) rotational velocities. Of the candidate runaways, VFTS 358 (classified B0.5: V) has the largest differential radial velocity (-106.9 +/- 16.2 km/s), and a preliminary atmospheric analysis finds a significantly enriched nitrogen abundance of 12+log(N/H) > ~8.5. Combined with a large rotational velocity (vsini = 345 +/- 22 km/s), this is suggestive of past binary interaction for this star.
description: 39 pages (main body: 14 pages; ancillary material: 25 pages)
The process of other-focus: a synthetic social psychophysiological model
Creators: name: Kok, Bethany E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Human beings do not exist in isolation from one another. People thrive on social interactions and relationships, and suffer when these things are lacking. In relationships, people both give and receive valuable resources: time, money, attention, assistance. Such resources are vital for psychological health and well-being, but are largely unavailable to individuals unable to look outside of the self. The ability to look beyond the self, therefore, is a vital element of well-being. A psychophysiological model of other-focus is proposed to describe the initiating factors, components and consequences of moments in which one looks beyond the self. The vagus nerve, in concert with oxytocin, is hypothesized to initiate the other-focused state by directing attention to others and generating positive emotions in the moment, leading to other-focused behaviors. Over time, frequent experiences of other-focus result in enhanced relationship quality, psychological well-being and physical health.
Additional file 2 of Mapping ethical issues in the use of smart home health technologies to care for older persons: a systematic review
Creators: name: Felber, Nadine Andrea
name: Tian, Yi Jiao (Angelina)
name: Pageau, Félix
name: Elger, Bernice Simone
name: Wangmo, Tenzin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional File 2: Appendix part 1
Learning and Adaptation in Food Systems: Insights from Four Case Studies in the Global South
Creators: name: Mukhovi, Stellah
name: Jacobi, Johanna
name: Speranza, Chinwe Ifejika
name: Rist, Stephan
name: Kiteme, Boniface
Publisher: name: International Journal on Food System Dynamics
Year: 2020
Subjects: Food systems; Learning; Adaptation; Resilience; Global South

description: This article presents empirical results on learning and adaptation to risks among different groups of actors in food systems in two countries of the global south (Kenya and Bolivia). Using a resilience approach, the study sought to assess knowledge about risks perceived by actors, forms of learning that actors in food systems have access to and use, and how this knowledge and learning has contributed to adaptation and resilience build ing. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, farmer meetings, workshops, and participant observation. The target population was different groups of actors in agroindustrial food systems in both countries, a regional food system in Kenya and an agroecological food system in Bolivia. The results show that knowledge on threats came from the actors’ experience and interaction with external actors. The main risks identified in Kenya and Bolivia included climate change impacts – particularly extreme climatic events (floods and droughts) –, price fluctuation of food products, declining soil fertility, deforestation, and –in Kenya– human-wildlife conflicts, and conflicts between actors over resource use. The most important forms of learning were experiential learning through demonstration farms, social learning exemplified in group approaches, and learning at individual levels through information exchange between farmers and external actors such as extension personnel, research organisations and non-governmental organisations. There is potential to enhance adaptation strategies whose knowledge has been acquired over the years, to build resilient food systems necessary for dealing with current and future shocks and stress.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 11, No 4 (2020)
Labor and Living as a Black Migrant in Saharatown
Creators: name: Hagan, Ampson
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: This examination of how black African migrants live and work within Arab-Bédouin Saharan cities or “Saharatowns,” amid anti-black violence and adverse working conditions is a call for thorough ethnographic study of life in such towns. I attempt to call attention to the lives of these trans-Saharan migrants, many of whom are stuck in these towns for weeks, months and sometimes years. Central to this study is the concept of compression, the force from the Saharatowns that catches migrants hoping to pass through them only to keep migrants from leaving and pursuing their dreams of another life elsewhere. I describe how black African migrants work and make life in Saharatowns, with a particular focus on how compression across space and time affects Black peoples and allows the socio-juridical institutions of Arab-Bédouin Saharatowns to perpetuate anti-blackness.
Degeneracy Loci Classes in $K$-theory - Determinantal and Pfaffian Formula -
Creators: name: Hudson, Thomas
name: Ikeda, Takeshi
name: Matsumura, Tomoo
name: Naruse, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15, 05E05, 13D15

description: We prove a determinantal formula and Pfaffian formulas that respectively describe the $K$-theoretic degeneracy loci classes for Grassmann bundles and for symplectic Grassmann and odd orthogonal bundles. The former generalizes Damon--Kempf--Laksov's determinantal formula and the latter generalize Pragacz--Kazarian's formula for the Chow ring. As an application, we introduce the factorial $GΘ/ GΘ'$-functions representing the torus equivariant $K$-theoretic Schubert classes of the symplectic and the odd orthogonal Grassmannians, which generalize the (double) theta polynomials of Buch--Kresch--Tamvakis and Tamvakis--Wilson.
description: This is a major update. In particular, we extended the results in arXiv:1602.04448 and included in this version. We modified the expositions in several places from the previous version
Factor posets of frames and dual frames in finite dimensions
Creators: name: Berry, Kileen
name: Copenhaver, Martin S.
name: Evert, Eric
name: Kim, Yeon Hyang
name: Klingler, Troy
name: Narayan, Sivaram K.
name: Nghiem, Son T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C15, 05B20, 15A03

description: We consider frames in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space where frames are exactly the spanning sets of the vector space. A factor poset of a frame is defined to be a collection of subsets of $I$, the index set of our vectors, ordered by inclusion so that nonempty $J \subseteq I$ is in the factor poset if and only if $\{f_i\}_{i \in J}$ is a tight frame. We first study when a poset $P\subseteq 2^I$ is a factor poset of a frame and then relate the two topics by discussing the connections between the factor posets of frames and their duals. Additionally we discuss duals with regard to $\ell^p$ minimization.
description: This work was completed during the 2012 Central Michigan University NSF-REU program. Submitted
Motivations for Sustainable Consumption: The Case of Vegetables
Creators: name: Gustavsen, Geir Wæhler
Publisher: name: International Journal on Food System Dynamics
Year: 2020
Subjects: Vegetables; attitudes; personality; theory of planned behavior; beta regression; directed acyclic graphs; graded response model

description: According to the World Health Organization a diet high in vegetables may reduce the risk of coronary heart diseases, stroke, and certain types of cancer. In addition, vegetables have lower carbon footprints than most other foods. The main objective in this paper is to find drivers behind vegetable consumption, with emphasis on health and environmental motivation. We used the theory of planned behavior together with direct acyclic graphs as a theoretical basis. The empirical analysis applied the graded response model and bounded beta regression with survey data from 2019. The main results show that health attitude is a stronger motivator for vegetable consumption than environmental attitudes.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 11, No 4 (2020)
Additional file 3 of Mapping ethical issues in the use of smart home health technologies to care for older persons: a systematic review
Creators: name: Felber, Nadine Andrea
name: Tian, Yi Jiao (Angelina)
name: Pageau, Félix
name: Elger, Bernice Simone
name: Wangmo, Tenzin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional File 3: Appendix part 2
Smooth and polyhedral norms via fundamental biorthogonal systems
Creators: name: Dantas, Sheldon
name: Hájek, Petr
name: Russo, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a Banach space with a fundamental biorthogonal system and let $\mathcal{Y}$ be the dense subspace spanned by the vectors of the system. We prove that $\mathcal{Y}$ admits a $C^\infty$-smooth norm that locally depends on finitely many coordinates (LFC, for short), as well as a polyhedral norm that locally depends on finitely many coordinates. As a consequence, we also prove that $\mathcal{Y}$ admits locally finite, $σ$-uniformly discrete $C^\infty$-smooth and LFC partitions of unity and a $C^1$-smooth LUR norm. This theorem substantially generalises several results present in the literature and gives a complete picture concerning smoothness in such dense subspaces. Our result covers, for instance, every WLD Banach space (hence, all reflexive ones), $L_1(μ)$ for every measure $μ$, $\ell_\infty(Γ)$ spaces for every set $Γ$, $C(K)$ spaces where $K$ is a Valdivia compactum or a compact Abelian group, duals of Asplund spaces, or preduals of Von Neumann algebras. Additionally, under Martin Maximum {\sf MM}, all Banach spaces of density $ω_1$ are covered by our result.
description: Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN (online first)
Optimal rate list decoding via derivative codes
Creators: name: Venkatesan  Guruswami
name: Wang, Carol
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The classical family of [n,k] q Reed-Solomon codes over a field Fq consist of the evaluations of polynomials f∈Fq[X] of degree k at n distinct field elements. In this work, we consider a closely related family of codes, called (order m) derivative codes and defined over fields of large characteristic, which consist of the evaluations of f as well as its first m − 1 formal derivatives at n distinct field elements. For large enough m, we show that these codes can be list-decoded in polynomial time from an error fraction approaching 1 − R, where R = k/(nm) is the rate of the code. This gives an alternate construction to folded Reed-Solomon codes for achieving the optimal trade-off between rate and list error-correction radius.
Our decoding algorithm is linear-algebraic, and involves solving a linear system to interpolate a multivariate polynomial, and then solving another structured linear system to retrieve the list of candidate polynomials f. The algorithm for derivative codes offers some advantages compared to a similar one for folded Reed-Solomon codes in terms of efficient unique decoding in the presence of side information.
Openness in Malting Barley Value Chains: The Case of Adoption of new Varieties in Canada and the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Zmazhenko, Tetiana
name: Hobbs, Jill
name: Micheels, Eric
Publisher: name: International Journal on Food System Dynamics
Year: 2020
Subjects: open innovation; degrees of openness; value chain; malting barley; channel captains

description: Development of new malting barley varieties depends crucially on value chain acceptance. A case study analysis of the adoption of new varieties in malting barley value chains in Canada and the United Kingdom (UK) indicates that openness in value chains is a major contributing factor to a faster adoption rate for new varieties, even if firms conduct R&D in-house. Drawing upon the open innovation literature, this paper applies four degrees of openness framework across two dimensions: a firm's level of openness in innovation strategy, and its degree of openness with the rest of the industry.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 11, No 4 (2020)
title: Chamber of Ideas 2.0 : a virtual collaborative system for organizational and group workflows of postgraduate students, academic staff, and support staff at the University of St Andrews
Creators: name: Schorr, Scott
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2017

description: The Chamber of Ideas is a virtual collaborative system designed to enhance the research experience for postgraduate students and academic staff at research universities, and to improve daily workflow efficiencies between researchers and support staff. It builds upon past literature and system development within the fields of e-Science and Computer- Supported Cooperative Work. Research is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary, multi-institutional, and digital, all trends which have contributed to increased levels of collaboration between researchers. This shift toward greater collaboration has been incentivized by host research institutions, public funding bodies, and private sponsors. It has been largely enabled by the presence and rapid growth of the World Wide Web. As a platform, the World Wide Web provides a communication infrastructure capable of linking all researchers from all disciplines from all research institutions across the globe. Yet, a widely-adopted, federated, and ubiquitous Web-based service does not presently exist to satisfy the evolving collaborative workflow needs of today’s researchers. This thesis focuses on the University of St Andrews as a local case-study to present a technical blueprint and project roadmap for the design and introduction of a new system that can fill this niche. Requirements were elicited from university stakeholders regarding organizational workflows for knowledge transfer, research funding, researcher communication with support units, and interdisciplinary research between schools. Primary institutional stakeholders include the Knowledge Transfer Centre, St Leonard's College, Postgraduate Society, and Vice-Principal for Enterprise & Engagement. A prototype was designed and engineered to support user research management, research group coordination, and team project management, incorporating unique sets of collaborative tools for user, group, and work object system perspectives. The thesis proposes a new theoretical framework for Large-Scale Complex Research Institutions inspired by LSCIT System and ULS System literature, and introduces concepts of institutional genealogy and social research data for system preservation and curation.
${\mathcal O}(α_s^2)$ corrections to $J/ψ+χ_{c0,1,2}$ production at $B$ factories
Creators: name: Sang, Wen-Long
name: Feng, Feng
name: Jia, Yu
name: Mo, Zhewen
name: Zhang, Jia-Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the ${\mathcal O}(α_s^2)$ corrections to the exclusive channels $e^+e^-\to J/ψ+χ_{cJ}$ ($J=0,1,2$) at $\sqrt{s}=10.58$ GeV within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework. The validity of NRQCD factorization at ${\cal O}(α_s^2)$ has been confirmed for these double-charmonium exclusive production processes. We analyze the impact of the $\mathcal{O}(α_s^2)$ corrections on the polarized and unpolarized cross sections, as well as the $J/ψ$ angular distributions, which largely reduce the renormalization scale dependence but increase the ${\mathcal O}(α_s)$ NRQCD predictions to some extent for $χ_{c0,1}$. With high numerical accuracy, our predictions for $σ(J/ψ+χ_{c1,2})$ through ${\mathcal O}(α_s^2)$ are compatible with the upper limit of the \texttt{Belle} measurement. Although the theoretical prediction for $σ(J/ψ+χ_{c0})$ is consistent with both \texttt{Belle} and \texttt{BaBar} measurements within uncertainties, there still exists serious tension between the predicted and the measured profiles for the $J/ψ$ angular distribution. Regarding the bright observation prospect of the $e^+e^-\to J/ψ+χ_{c1,2}$ channels in \texttt{Belle 2} experiment, it is interesting to compare the future measurements with our NRQCD predictions. The more accurate measurement of $e^+e^-\to J/ψ+χ_{0}$ at \texttt{Belle 2} will also help to clarify the long-standing puzzle of $J/ψ$ angular distribution.
description: v3, 15 pages, 4 tables, 4 figures, matching the published version
HARBIY XIZMATCHI SPORTCHILARNING MUVAFFAQIYATGA ERISHISH MOTIVATSIYASINI SHAKLLANTIRISH
Creators: name: Alimardonov, Z.Sh.
name: Jalolov, B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada harbiy xizmatchi sportchilarning maksimal faolligini saqlashga, yuqori va barqaror natijalarga olib keladigan sharoitlarni yaratishga, muvaffaqiyatga erishish motivatsiyasini shakllantirishga, jamoada shakllangan sport an'analari sportchini hamma joyda va har doim o'z Vatani va shu bilan birga, jamoasi sharafini himoya qilishga, mas'uliyat hissini oshirishga va irodali fazilatlarni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan. Shuningdek, harbiy xizmatchi sportchilarning muvaffaqiyatga erishish motivatsiyasini shakllantirish bo'yicha amaliy takliflar bilan yakunlanadi.
Effective response theory for zero energy Majorana bound states in three spatial dimensions
Creators: name: Lopes, Pedro L. S.
name: Teo, Jeffrey C. Y.
name: Ryu, Shinsei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a gravitational response theory for point defects (hedgehogs) binding Majorana zero modes in (3+1)-dimensional superconductors. Starting in 4+1 dimensions, where the point defect is extended into a line, a coupling of the bulk defect texture with the gravitational field is introduced. Diffeomorphism invariance then leads to an $SU(2)_2$ Kac-Moody current running along the defect line. The $SU(2)_2$ Kac-Moody algebra accounts for the non-Abelian nature of the zero modes in 3+1 dimensions. It is then shown to also encode the angular momentum density which permeates throughout the bulk between hedgehog-anti-hedgehog pairs.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Support für Werkzeuge and Plattformen für Datenmobilisierung und -analyse
Creators: name: Kostadinov, Ivaylo
name: König-Ries, Birgitta
name: Müller, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: AllHands4Biodiv

description: Das NFDI4Biodiversity Konsortium unterstützt die Mobilisierung von Biodiversitätsdaten. Eine Herausforderung ist die frühzeitige
 Strukturierung und Standardisierung der (Meta-)Daten. Das Konsortium bietet die Expertise seines Netzwerks, z.B. mit Werkzeugen
 und Plattformen, an. Neben konkreten Lösungsempfehlungen soll auch praktische (hands-on) Unterstützung geleistet werden um die heterogene Datenlandschaft zu konsolidieren. Ein zentrales Ziel dabei ist die Integration von Daten und Analyse-Werkezeugen über die Research Data Commons – eine Cloud-basierte Infrastruktur.
Neuronal diversity can improve machine learning for physics and beyond
Creators: name: Choudhary, Anshul
name: Radhakrishnan, Anil
name: Lindner, John F.
name: Sinha, Sudeshna
name: Ditto, William L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diversity conveys advantages in nature, yet homogeneous neurons typically comprise the layers of artificial neural networks. Here we construct neural networks from neurons that learn their own activation functions, quickly diversify, and subsequently outperform their homogeneous counterparts on image classification and nonlinear regression tasks. Sub-networks instantiate the neurons, which meta-learn especially efficient sets of nonlinear responses. Examples include conventional neural networks classifying digits and forecasting a van der Pol oscillator and physics-informed Hamiltonian neural networks learning Hénon-Heiles stellar orbits and the swing of a video recorded pendulum clock. Such \textit{learned diversity} provides examples of dynamical systems selecting diversity over uniformity and elucidates the role of diversity in natural and artificial systems.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Improving Reverse k Nearest Neighbors Queries
Creators: name: Ye, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The reverse $k$ nearest neighbor query finds all points that have the query point as one of their $k$ nearest neighbors, where the $k$NN query finds the $k$ closest points to its query point. Based on conics, we propose an efficent R$k$NN verification method. By using the proposed verification method, we implement an efficient R$k$NN algorithm on VoR-tree, which has a computational complexity of $O(k^{1.5}\cdot log\,k)$. The comparative experiments are conducted between our algorithm and other two state-of-the-art R$k$NN algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the efficiency of our algorithm is significantly higher than its competitors.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1911.02788 by other authors
Vlasov-Poisson in 1D for initially cold systems: post-collapse Lagrangian perturbation theory
Creators: name: Colombi, Stephane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study analytically the collapse of an initially smooth, cold, self-gravitating collisionless system in one dimension. The system is described as a central "S" shape in phase-space surrounded by a nearly stationary halo acting locally like a harmonic background on the S. To resolve the dynamics of the S under its self-gravity and under the influence of the halo, we introduce a novel approach using post-collapse Lagrangian perturbation theory. This approach allows us to follow the evolution of the system between successive crossing times and to describe in an iterative way the interplay between the central S and the halo. Our theoretical predictions are checked against measurements in entropy conserving numerical simulations based on the waterbag method. While our post-collapse Lagrangian approach does not allow us to compute rigorously the long term behavior of the system, i.e. after many crossing times, it explains the close to power-law behavior of the projected density observed in numerical simulations. Pushing the model at late time suggests that the system could build at some point a very small flat core, but this is very speculative. This analysis shows that understanding the dynamics of initially cold systems requires a fine grained approach for a correct description of their very central part. The analyses performed here can certainly be extended to spherical symmetry.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS