cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
VISITOR PREFERENCES AND VALUES FOR WATER-BASED RECREATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE OCALA NATIONAL FOREST
Creators: name: Shrestha, Ram K.
name: Alavalapati, Janaki R.R.
name: Stein, Taylor V.
name: Carter, Douglas R.
name: Denny, Christine B.
name: Shrestha, Ram K.
name: Alavalapati, Janaki R.R.
name: Stein, Taylor V.
name: Carter, Douglas R.
name: Denny, Christine B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: contingent valuation
subject: Tobit analysis
subject: water-based recreation

description: We used the open-ended contingent valuation method to elicit willingnes to pay (WTP) for day visitors and extended visitors on the Ocala National Forest (ONF), Florida. A Tobit model specification was applied to account for the issues involved with censored WTP bids. The results reveal that visitors would pay more for improved recreational facilities at the ONF. In particular, our estimates show that visitors would pay $1 million for basic facilities, $1.9 million for moderate improvements, and $2.5 million for more improvements.
THE PRODUCTION THEORY APPROACH TO IMPORT DEMAND ANALYSIS: A COMPARISON OF THE ROTTERDAM MODEL AND THE DIFFERENTIAL PRODUCTION APPROACH
Creators: name: Washington, Andrew A.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
name: Washington, Andrew A.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: dairy
subject: demand
subject: imports
subject: international
subject: production
subject: Rotterdam
subject: trade

description: Results indicate that, when comparing the unconditional derived-demand elasticities to the unconditional consumer demand elasticities, significant differences emerge due to the differences in the first-stage estimation procedure between the differential production approach and the Rotterdam model. In comparing the consumer demand price/corss-price elasticities to the derived-demand price/cross-price elasticities, it is clear that use of the Rotterdam model when a production approach should be used can lead to overestimation, underestimation, and incorrect signs in deriving unconditional price effects.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES PROVIDED BY SEASONAL CLIMATE FORECASTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Creators: name: Hill, Harvey S.J.
name: Mjelde, James W.
name: Hill, Harvey S.J.
name: Mjelde, James W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: climate forecasts
subject: review
subject: value of information

description: Use of seasonal climate forecasts is a rapidly evolving area. Effective research and application of climate forecasts require close cooperation between scientists in diverse disciplines and decision makers. Successful collaboration requires all players to at least partially understand each other's perspectives. Issues associated with seasonal forecasts, through a selected review of both physical and social sciences literature, is presented. Our hope is that the review will improve research in this area by stimulating further collaborations.
JAPANESE IMPORT DEMAND FOR U.S. BEEF AND PORK: EFFECTS ON U.S. RED MEAT EXPORTS AND LIVESTOCK PRICES
Creators: name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Marsh, John M.
name: Brester, Gary W.
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Marsh, John M.
name: Brester, Gary W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: elasticities
subject: exchange rates
subject: import demand
subject: income
subject: tariffs

description: Japanese import demand for U.S. beef and pork products and the effects on domestic livestock prices are econometrically estimated. Japan is the most important export market for U.S. beef and pork products. Results indicate foreign income, exchange rates, and protectionist measures are statistically significant. The comparative statistics quantify the effects of recent economic volatility. For example, the 1995-1998 depreciation in the Japanese yen (39%) reduced U.S. slaughter steer and hog prices by $1.29 per cwt and $0.99 per cwt, respectively, while the 1994-1998 reduction in tariffs (14%) increased slaughter steer and hog prices by $0.49 per cwt and $0.33 per cwt, respectively. Livestock producers will continue to have a vested interest in Asian trade liberalization policies.
Feeding the monster... the nucleus of NGC1097 at sub-arcsec scale in the IR with the VLT
Creators: name: Prieto, M. A.
name: Maciejewski, W.
name: Reunanen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near-infrared images of the prototype LINER / Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 1097 observed with the Very Large Telescope (VLT) using adaptive optics disclose with unprecedented detail a complex central network of filamentary structure spiralling down to the center of the galaxy. The structure, consisting of several spiral arms, some almost completing a revolution about the center, is most prominent within the radius of about 300 pc. Some filaments can be traced further out, where they seem to connect with the nuclear star-forming ring at 0.7 kpc radius. Straight principal shocks running along the primary large-scale bar of NGC 1097, seen in the optical images as prominent dust lanes, curve into this ring, but radio polarization vectors cross the nuclear ring under a rather large angle. Here we attempt to explain this morphology in terms of three-dimensional gas flow in a barred galaxy. In our scenario, parts of the principal shock, which propagate in the off-plane gas, can cross the nuclear star-forming ring, and excite waves inward from it. If the dispersion relation of the excited waves allows for their propagation, they will naturally take the shape of the observed central spiral. The nuclear region of NGC 1097 remains unresolved at sub-arcsec scales in the near-IR, with an upper size limit of <10 pc FWHM. Thus, any putative central dusty torus or gaseosus disk envisaged by the AGN unified schemes has to be smaller than 10 pc in diameter at near-IR wavelengths. The extinction in the region between the nuclear star-forming ring and the nucleus increases very moderately, reaching A_v~1 at the immediate surrounding of the nucleus. Thus, if the nuclear filaments are tracing cold dust, they contribute to a very low extinction in the line of sight and are likely to be distributed in a rather thin disk.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures (reduced quality). Accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal
Tensor Composition Net for Visual Relationship Prediction
Creators: name: Qiang, Yuting
name: Yang, Yongxin
name: Zhang, Xueting
name: Guo, Yanwen
name: Hospedales, Timothy M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a novel Tensor Composition Net (TCN) to predict visual relationships in images. Visual Relationship Prediction (VRP) provides a more challenging test of image understanding than conventional image tagging and is difficult to learn due to a large label-space and incomplete annotation. The key idea of our TCN is to exploit the low-rank property of the visual relationship tensor, so as to leverage correlations within and across objects and relations and make a structured prediction of all visual relationships in an image. To show the effectiveness of our model, we first empirically compare our model with Multi-Label Image Classification (MLIC) methods, eXtreme Multi-label Classification (XMC) methods, and VRD methods. We then show that thanks to our tensor (de)composition layer, our model can predict visual relationships which have not been seen in the training dataset. We finally show our TCN's image-level visual relationship prediction provides a simple and efficient mechanism for relation-based image-retrieval even compared with VRD methods.
ACCESSING OTHER PEOPLE'S TECHNOLOGY: DO NON-PROFIT AGENCIES NEED IT? HOW TO OBTAIN IT
Creators: name: Nottenburg, Carol
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Wright, Brian D.
name: Nottenburg, Carol
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Wright, Brian D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: research
subject: agricultural biotechnologies
subject: patents
subject: intellectual property

description: As patents and other forms of intellectual property become more pervasive in the next generation of biotechnologies, designing policies and practices to ensure sufficient freedom to operate (i.e., the ability to practice or use an innovation) will be crucial for non-profit agencies in the developed and developing world, especially those intent on developing improved seed varieties and other technologies destined for commercial release. Are non-profits exempt from intellectual property claims? What constitutes infringement of a patent? How does a non-profit establish its freedom to operate? We address these issues in this paper and evaluate various options for accessing other people’s technologies. Options include cross- licensing agreements, research-only or cost-free licenses, market segmentation strategies, mergers or joint ventures, and patent pooling or clearinghouse mechanisms. Responding creatively to the new intellectual property environment will have far reaching consequences for the future of non-profit research.
CROP GENETIC RESOURCE POLICY: TOWARDS A RESEARCH AGENDA
Creators: name: Wright, Brian D.
name: Wright, Brian D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Since the 1970’s, the worldwide capacity of genebanks for ex situ conservation of crop genetic resources has increased greatly. This has increased the accessibility of landraces and wild and weedy relatives to crop breeders; in situ conservation, though essential, is not an efficient means of furnishing genebanking services. But utilization of genebank resources has not kept pace. The set of popular cultivars in major crops is typically rather small, and their ancestry encompasses only a small fraction of the genetic diversity currently available in other cultivars. Discussions of farmers’ rights that focus on compensation for current incorporation of farmers’ varieties in new cultivars have diverted attention from the question of why so little of the newly accessible genetic diversity is currently being utilized by public and private breeders. To optimize the future provision of genebank services, research is needed on the costs of genebanks, the market for their service, the use of genetic resources by breeders, and the implications of recognition of farmers’ rights, evolving intellectual property rights, continued funding problems and development in biotechnology.
Scalar and tensorial topological matter coupled to (2+1)-dimensional gravity:A.Classical theory and global charges
Creators: name: Mann, R. B.
name: Popescu, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the coupling of scalar topological matter to (2+1)-dimensional gravity. The matter fields consist of a 0-form scalar field and a 2-form tensor field. We carry out a canonical analysis of the classical theory, investigating its sectors and solutions. We show that the model admits both BTZ-like black-hole solutions and homogeneous/inhomogeneous FRW cosmological solutions.We also investigate the global charges associated with the model and show that the algebra of charges is the extension of the Kac-Moody algebra for the field-rigid gauge charges, and the Virasoro algebrafor the diffeomorphism charges. Finally, we show that the model can be written as a generalized Chern-Simons theory, opening the perspective for its formulation as a generalized higher gauge theory.
description: 40 pages
DYNAMICS IN THE CREATION AND DEPRECIATION OF KNOWLEDGE, AND THE RETURNS TO RESEARCH
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Craig, Barbara J.
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Craig, Barbara J.
name: Pardey, Philip G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Econometric studies of the effects of research on productivity have typically imposed arbitrary restrictions on the length and shape of the R&D on productivity and the estimated rate of return to research. This paper argues that the useful stock of public knowledge depreciates, if at all, only gradually, and we use this notion to develop a new model, which we test using data on aggregate U.S. agriculture. We reject the conventional specification in favor of a more flexible, dynamic, alternative model, in which the impact of R&D on productivity lasts much longer than in previous studies. Consequently, the real, marginal rate of return to public agricultural R&D in the United States is estimated to be less than 10 percent per annum, much smaller than the typical rates of return reported in scores of previous studies, based on conceptually flawed and inappropriately restrictive dynamic specifications. We show that conventional approaches using the same date would have resulted in a much greater (biased) estimate of the rate of return to research.
Identification strength with a large number of moments
Creators: name: Hyojin Han
name: Renault, Eric
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This paper studies how identification is affected in GMM estimation as the number of moment conditions increases. We develop a general asymptotic theory extending the set up of Chao and Swanson and Antoine and Renault to the case where moment conditions have heterogeneous identification strengths and the number of them may diverge to infinity with the sample size. We also allow the models to be locally misspecified and examine how the asymptotic theory is affected by the degree of misspecification. The theory encompasses many cases including GMM models with many moments (Han and Phillips), partially linear models, and local GMM via kernel smoothing with a large number of conditional moment restrictions. We provide an understanding of the benefits of a large number of moments that compensate the weakness of individual moments by explicitly showing how an increasing number of moments improves the rate of convergence in GMM.
Spectral properties and origin of the radio halo in A3562
Creators: name: Giacintucci, S.
name: Venturi, T.
name: Brunetti, G.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Dallacasa, D.
name: Ettori, S.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Rao, A. P.
name: Zucca, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new detailed multiband study of the merging cluster A3562, in the core of the Shapley Concentration Supercluster. We analyzed new, low frequency radio data performed at 240 MHz, 332 MHz and 610 MHz with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). The new GMRT data allowed us to carry out a detailed study of the radio halo at the centre of A3562, as well as of the head--tail radio galaxy J1333--3141 embedded in it, and of the extended emission around the peripheral cluster galaxy J1332--3146a. Thanks to the present observations we could derive the integrated spectrum of the radio halo with five data points in the frequency range 240 MHz -- 1.4 GHz. Our data show a clear steepening of the total spectrum in this frequency range. Furthermore, by comparing the GMRT 332 MHz image with a previously published VLA 1.4 GHz image, we produced an image of the halo spectral index distribution. The image shows a very complex structure, with an average value of $α^{1.4GHz}_{332MHz} \sim 1.5$ and a number of knots steepening up to $\sim 2$. We performed a combined morphological and statistical analysis using the radio images and the quantities derived from XMM--Newton and {\it Chandra} observations. We discuss our results in the light of particle re--acceleration processes in galaxy clusters. In particular, we outline an overall picture, consistent with the available radio and X-ray data, in which the cluster merger kinematics, the injection of turbulence and B--amplification induced by the merger between A 3562 and SC 1329--313 are jointly taken into account.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, A&A in press Paper with high quality figures can be downloaded from http://www.ira.cnr.it/~tventuri/pap
Modeling optical and UV polarization of AGNs I. Imprints of individual scattering regions
Creators: name: Goosmann, Rene W.
name: Gaskell, C. Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [abridged] We investigate the effects of various AGN scattering region geometries on the polarized flux. We introduce a new, publicly available Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, Stokes, which models polarization induced by scattering off free electrons and dust grains. We find that the shape of the funnel of the dusty torus has a significant impact on the polarization efficiency. A compact torus with a steep inner surface scatters more light toward type-2 viewing angles than a large torus of the same half-opening angle, theta0. For theta0 < 53 deg, the scattered light is polarized perpendicularly to the symmetry axis, whilst for theta0 > 60 deg it is polarized parallel to the symmetry axis. In between these intervals the orientation of the polarization depends on the viewing angle. The degree of polarization ranges between 0% and 20% and is wavelength-independent for a large range of theta0. Observed wavelength-independent optical and near-UV polarization thus does not necessarily imply electron scattering. For polar dust, scattering spectra are reddened for type-1 viewing angles, and made bluer for type-2 viewing angles. Polar electron-scattering cones are very efficient polarizers at type-2 viewing angles, whilst the polarized flux of the torus is weak. We predict that the net polarization of Seyfert-2 galaxies decreases with luminosity, and conclude that the degree of polarization should be correlated with the relative strength of the thermal IR flux. We find that a flattened, equatorial, electron-scattering disk, of relatively low optical depth, reproduces type-1 polarization. This is insensitive to the exact geometry, but the observed polarization requires a limited range of optical depth.
description: 19 pages, 20 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics. The computer code STOKES described here can be downloaded from http://www.stokes-program.info/
ASSESSING AND ATTRIBUTING THE BENEFITS FROM VARIETAL IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH: EVIDENCE FROM EMBRAPA, BRAZIL
Creators: name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Chan-Kang, Connie
name: Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Chan-Kang, Connie
name: Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Brazil
subject: agricultural R&D
subject: attribution
subject: soybeans
subject: rice
subject: beans
subject: benefit-cost ratios

description: In general, reported rates of return to agricultural R&D are high, but questions have been raised about upward biases in the evidence. Among the reasons for this bias, insufficient attention to attribution aspects-matching of research benefits and costs-is a pervasive problem, the magnitude of which is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil. Over the period 1981 to 2003, varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans yielded benefits attributable to research of $14.8 billion in present value (1999 prices) terms; 6.1 percent of the corresponding value of crop output. If all of those benefits were attributed to Embrapa, a public research corporation accounting for more than half Brazil's agricultural R&D spending, the benefit-cost ratio would be 78:1. If a geometric attribution rule based on genetic histories is used in conjunction with quantitative evidence on the extent of research collaborations to account for the innovative effort of others, the ratio drops substantially to 16:1. The sources of these gains vary markedly among crops and over time, making it hard to generalize about the international and institutional origins of varietal innovations in Brazilian agriculture during the past several decades.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RAINFED AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
Creators: name: Kerr, John M.
name: Kerr, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Development

description: India’s agricultural growth has been sufficient to move the country from severe food crises of the 1960s to aggregate food surpluses today. Most of the increase in agricultural output over the years has taken place under irrigated conditions. The opportunities for continued expansion of irrigated area are limited, however, so Indian planners increasingly are looking to rainfed, or unirrigated agriculture to help meet the rising demand for food projected over the next several decades. Rainfed areas are highly diverse, ranging from resource-rich areas with good agricultural potentially are highly productive and already have experienced widespread adoption of improved seeds. In drier, less favorable areas, on the other hand, productivity growth has lagged behind, and there is widespread poverty and degradation of natural resources. Even given that rainfed agriculture should receive greater emphasis in public investments, a key issue is how much investment should be allocated among different types of rainfed agriculture. This paper addresses a wide variety of issues related to rainfed agricultural development in India. It examines the historical record of agricultural productivity growth in different parts of the country under irrigated and rainfed conditions, and it reviews the management, poverty alleviation, risk management, and policy and institutional reform. It presents background information on all of these topics, offering some preliminary conclusions and recommending areas where further research is needed. The analysis of agricultural productivity growth is based on district level data covering the Indo-Gangetic plains and peninsular India from 1956 to 1990. Disaggregating the districts into a number of agroclimatic zones to examine predominantly irrigated and rainfed zones separately provides insights into the conditions that determined productivity growth.
INDIA'S PLANT VARIETY AND FARMERS' RIGHT LEGISLATION: POTENTIAL IMPACT ON STAKEHOLDER ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES
Creators: name: Ramanna, Anitha
name: Ramanna, Anitha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farmers' Rights
subject: Intellectual Property Rights
subject: Plant Breeders' Rights
subject: India

description: The demand for extending intellectual property protection to agriculture in developing countries has met with counterclaims for granting farmers' rights. Developing countries are currently attempting to fulfill these demands by evolving new IPR regimes that simultaneously protect the rights of breeders and farmers. What are the possible implications of establishing such a system of multiple rights on the utilization and exchange of genetic resources among various actors? Could the attempt to distribute ownership rights to various stakeholders pose the threat of an "anticommons", where resources are underutilized due to multiple ownership? The answers to these questions have important implications for the future of agricultural growth in developing countries. India is one of the first countries in the world to have passed a legislation granting rights to both breeders and farmers under the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001. The law emerged from a process that attempted to incorporate the interests of various stakeholders, including private sector breeders, public sector institutions, non-governmental organizations and farmers, within the property rights framework. India's Act allows four types of varieties to be registered reflecting the interests of actors: New Variety, Extant Variety, Essentially Derived Variety and Farmers' Variety. Although this multiple rights system aims to equitably distribute rights, it could pose problems of overlapping claims and result in complicated bargaining requirements for utilization of varieties. A potential implication is an 'anticommons tragedy' where too many parties independently posses the right to exclude giving rise to underutilization of resources. India and other developing nations, in seeking to achieve the important goal of recognizing farmers. rights, must not overlook the need for promoting exchange of agricultural resources. India's Plant Variety and Farmers' Right Act is significant both in the domestic and international context as several other countries are trying to establish similar legislations. Advanced nations must recognize that compelling developing countries to grant breeders rights could result in systems that run counter to their interests. Developed and developing countries must make a concerted effort to ensure that emerging IPR regimes do not restrict stakeholder access to genetic resources.
Efficiency Crisis of Swift Gamma-Ray Bursts with Shallow X-ray Afterglows: Prior Activity or Time-Dependent Microphysics?
Creators: name: Ioka, Kunihito
name: Toma, Kenji
name: Yamazaki, Ryo
name: Nakamura, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed by the Swift satellite have a shallow decay phase t^{-1/2} in the first few hours. This is not predicted by the standard afterglow model and needs an explanation. We discuss that the shallow decay requires an unreasonably high gamma-ray efficiency, >75-90%, within current models, which is difficult to produce by internal shocks. Such a crisis may be avoided if a weak relativistic explosion occurs ~10^3-10^6 s prior to the main burst or if the microphysical parameter of the electron energy increases during the shallow decay, ε_e ~ t^{1/2}. The former explanation predicts a very long precursor, while both prefer dim optical flashes from the reverse shock, as was recently reported. We also calculate the multi-wavelength afterglows and compare them with observations. No optical break at the end of the shallow X-ray decay indicates a preference for the time-dependent microphysics model with additionally decaying magnetic fields, ε_B ~ t^{-0.6}.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in A&A
Rotating black holes in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity: an exact solution
Creators: name: Guerrero, Merce
name: Mora-Pérez, Gerardo
name: Olmo, Gonzalo J.
name: Orazi, Emanuele
name: Rubiera-Garcia, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find an exact, rotating charged black hole solution within Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity. To this end we employ a recently developed correspondence or {\it mapping} between modified gravity models built as scalars out of contractions of the metric with the Ricci tensor, and formulated in metric-affine spaces (Ricci-Based Gravity theories) and General Relativity. This way, starting from the Kerr-Newman solution, we show that this mapping bring us the axisymmetric solutions of Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity coupled to a certain model of non-linear electrodynamics. We discuss the most relevant physical features of the solutions obtained this way, both in the spherically symmetric limit and in the fully rotating regime. Moreover, we further elaborate on the potential impact of this important technical progress for bringing closer the predictions of modified gravity with the astrophysical observations of compact objects and gravitational wave astronomy.
description: 17 double column pages, 7 figures, revtex4-1 style
Reconstruction of Five-dimensional Bounce cosmological Models From Deceleration Factor
Creators: name: Xu, Lixin
name: Liu, Hongya
name: Ping, Yongli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider a class of five-dimensional Ricci-flat vacuum solutions, which contain two arbitrary functions $μ(t)$ and $ν(t)$. It is shown that $μ(t)$ can be rewritten as a new arbitrary function $f(z)$ in terms of redshift $z$ and the $f(z)$ can be determined by choosing particular deceleration parameters $q(z)$ which gives early deceleration and late time acceleration. In this way, the $5D$ cosmological model can be reconstructed and the evolution of the universe can be determined.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, to be published in IJTP
Seitz, Manfred, Thiele, Friedrich: Wir beten - Gebete für Menschen von heute
Creators: name: Schulz, Otmar
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 17 Nr. 1 (1968): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 17, Heft 1
The stability and surface activity of environmentally responsive surface-modified silica nanoparticles: the importance of hydrophobicity
Creators: name: Ghaleh, Vahid Rajabi
name: Aliasghar Mohammadi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In this study, the effect of hydrophobicity of environmentally responsive surface-modified silica nanoparticles on the stability and surface activity of the nanoparticles is examined. To this end, n-propyl, n-hexyl, or n-octyl chains and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) chains at various quantities were coated covalently on the surface of silica nanoparticles to regulate the hydrophobicity of the responsive nanoparticles. Various experimental tools such as stability analysis, interfacial-tension and contact-angle measurements, and emulsion formation were performed to investigate the effect of hydrophobicity. It became evident that the presence of the hydrophobic agents influences considerably the stability and surface activity of the responsive nanoparticles. To achieve the most stable nanofluids and the largest reduction in the oil-water interfacial tension, the hydrophobicity should be tuned at an optimum value, which would be at a lower amount with longer linear-alkyl chains. While our solely hydrophobic- or hydrophilic-silica nanofluids do not emulsify with n-hexane, the ability of the responsive-silica nanofluids to emulsify with n-hexane is more, with the ability being largely dependent on the length of the linear-alkyl chains. Furthermore, increasing the hydrophobicity has adverse effect on the wettability-alteration ability of the responsive nanoparticles.
Bimonotone Subdivisions of Point Configurations in the Plane
Creators: name: Robeva, Elina
name: Sun, Melinda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Bimonotone subdivisions in two dimensions are subdivisions all of whose sides are either vertical or have nonnegative slope. They correspond to statistical estimates of probability distributions of strongly positively dependent random variables. The number of bimonotone subdivisions compared to the total number of subdivisions of a point configuration provides insight into how often the random variables are positively dependent. We give recursions as well as formulas for the numbers of bimonotone and total subdivisions of $2\times n$ grid configurations in the plane. Furthermore, we connect the former to the large Schröder numbers. We also show that the numbers of bimonotone and total subdivisions of a $2\times n$ grid are asymptotically equal. We then provide algorithms for counting bimonotone subdivisions for any $m \times n$ grid. Finally, we prove that all bimonotone triangulations of an $m \times n$ grid are connected by flips. This gives rise to an algorithm for counting the number of bimonotone (and total) triangulations of an $m\times n$ grid.
COALITIONS AND THE ORGANIZATION OF MULTIPLE-STAKEHOLDER ACTION: A CASE STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION IN RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Creators: name: Alsop, Ruth
name: Alsop, Ruth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Decentralization implies an increase in the number of stakeholders involved in the design and implementation of interventions. This paper draws upon the experience of a multi-stakeholder program in India which has sought to increase the contribution of rainfed agriculture to rural household’s economic portfolios. The strategy has been one of enhancing government research and extension service provision through collaboration and coalition building between NGOs and government line departments. Evidence from the last four years demonstrates that coalitions are appropriate vehicles for managing interaction among multiple and diverse organizations. However, as fluid entities without permanent governance systems, coalitions require formalized support mechanisms to function effectively. The value to project designers and policy makers of this paper lies primarily in the description and analysis of the “nested” organizational support system which developed to fulfill the every day needs of the coalition in Rajasthan. Its secondary value lies in the discussion of conceptual and practical aspects of building and supporting coalitions.
Continuum and lattice meson spectral functions at nonzero momentum and high temperature
Creators: name: Aarts, Gert
name: Resco, Jose M. Martinez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse discretization effects in the calculation of high-temperature meson spectral functions at nonzero momentum and fermion mass on the lattice. We do so by comparing continuum and lattice spectral functions in the infinite temperature limit. Complete analytical results for the spectral densities in the continuum are presented, along with simple expressions for spectral functions obtained with Wilson and staggered fermions on anisotropic lattices. We comment on the use of local and point split currents.
description: 20 pages, 7 eps figures
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, TECHNICAL AND ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY IN CHINESE AGRICULTURE: THE CASE OF RICE PRODUCTION IN JIANGSU
Creators: name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Fan, Shenggen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper develops a frontier shadow cost function approach to estimate empirically the effects of technological change, technical and allocative efficiency improvement in Chinese agriculture during the reform period (1980-93). The results reveal that the first phase rural reforms (1979-84) which focused on the decentralization of the production system have had significant impact on technical efficiency but not allocative efficiency. During the second phase reforms which was supposed to focus on the liberalization of rural markets, technical efficiency improved very little and allocative efficiency has increased only slightly, however. In contrast, the rate of technological change continued to increase, although at a declining rate during the second phase reform.
Superconductivity induced by structural reorganization in the electron-doped cuprate Nd$_{2-x}$Ce$_x$CuO$_4$
Creators: name: Guarino, Anita
name: Autieri, Carmine
name: Marra, Pasquale
name: Leo, Antonio
name: Grimaldi, Gaia
name: Avella, Adolfo
name: Nigro, Angela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron-doped and hole-doped superconducting cuprates exhibit a symmetric phase diagram as a function of doping. This symmetry is however only approximate. Indeed, electron-doped cuprates become superconductors only after a specific annealing process: This annealing affects the oxygen content by only a tiny amount, but has a dramatic impact on the electronic properties of the sample. Here we report the occurrence of superconductivity in oxygen-deficient Nd$_{2-x}$Ce$_x$CuO$_4$ thin films grown in an oxygen-free environment, after annealing in pure argon flow. As verified by x-ray diffraction, annealing induces an increase of the interlayer distance between CuO$_2$ planes in the crystal structure. Since this distance is correlated to the concentration of oxygens in apical positions, and since oxygen content cannot substantially increase during annealing, our experiments indicate that the superconducting phase transition has to be ascribed to a migration of oxygen ions to apical positions during annealing. Moreover, as we confirm via first-principles density functional theory calculations, the changes in the structural and transport properties of the films can be theoretically described by a specific redistribution of the existing oxygen ions at apical positions with respect to CuO$_2$ planes, which remodulates the electronic band structure and suppresses the antiferromagnetic order, allowing the emergence of hole superconductivity.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Role of cyclic GMP, cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and protein phosphorylation in the control of smooth muscle tension
Creators: name: Hennan, James Kenneth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Numerous agents are capable of activating guanylyl cyclases and increasing tissue levels of guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). A detailed analysis of the literature concerning the role of cGMP in mediating vascular smooth muscle relaxation confirms that the criteria necessary to determine that cGMP is involved in this effect have been satisfied. However, the cGMP hypothesis may only apply in certain smooth muscles. One aim of the present study was to further investigate the role of cGMP in uterine contractility in an attempt to resolve some of the apparent inconsistencies regarding the importance of cGMP in this tissue. The results of our studies in the rat myometrium confirm the previous suggestion that the rat myometrium can be classified as a "non-responsive" smooth muscle with respect to the fact that it does not relax in response to increases in the tissue levels of cGMP. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was shown to significantly increase cGMP levels and to activate cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) in our myometrial preparations but did not cause relaxation of the tissue. Therefore, a lack of PKG activation cannot be used to explain the failure of cGMP-elevating agents such as SNP to cause relaxation of the rat myometrium. In vascular smooth muscle, it is generally well accepted that the cGMPdependent component of relaxation involves activation of a specific PKG. The protein targets of PKG and the underlying mechanisms by which this kinase leads to a relaxant response have not been completely elucidated. The final objective of our studies was to investigate the smooth muscle substrates of PKG in intact rat aorta, rat myometrium and rat vas deferens using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In intact rat aorta, seven PKG substrates and two calcium-dependent phosphorylation events were detected during relaxation of the tissue. None of the PKG substrates identified in the rat aorta could be identified in the myometrium or vas deferens following administration of numerous cGMP-elevating agents. In addition, we were unable to detect changes in phosphorylation of any other proteins. Thus, the failure of the rat myometrium and rat vas deferens to relax in the face of cGMP elevation and PKG activation may be due to a lack of PKG substrate phosphorylation.
The r-mode instability: Analytical solution with gravitational radiation reaction
Creators: name: Dias, Oscar J. C.
name: Sa, Paulo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytical r-mode solutions are investigated within the linearized theory in the case of a slowly rotating, Newtonian, barotropic, non-magnetized, perfect-fluid star in which the gravitational radiation (GR) reaction force is present. For the GR reaction term we use the 3.5 post-Newtonian order expansion of the GR force, in order to include the contribution of the current quadrupole moment. We find the explicit expression for the r-mode velocity perturbations and we conclude that they are sinusoidal with the same frequency as the well-known GR force-free linear r-mode solution, and that the GR force drives the r-modes unstable with a growth timescale that agrees with the expression first found by Lindblom, Owen and Morsink. We also show that the amplitude of these velocity perturbations is corrected, relatively to the GR force-free case, by a term of order W^6, where W is the angular velocity of the star.
description: 11 pages, RevTeX4. Discussion on the nonlinear theory removed. Published version
A braid group action on a $p$-DG homotopy category
Creators: name: Qi, You
name: Sussan, Joshua
name: Yonezawa, Yasuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81R50, 16E20, 16E35

description: We construct a braid group action on a homotopy category of $p$-DG modules of a deformed Webster algebra.
description: 36 pages. Multiple diagrammatic computations. V2 contains corrections from referee reports. Comments welcome
Interaction of scanning probes with semiconductor nanocrystals; Physical mechanism and basis for near field optical imaging
Creators: name: Ebenstein, Yuval
name: Yoskovitz, Eyal
name: Costi, Ronny
name: Aharoni, Asaf
name: Banin, Uri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the modification of photoluminescence (PL) from single semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (NCs) in proximity of metal and semiconducting Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) tips. The presence of the tip alters the radiative decay rate of an emitter via interference and opens efficient non radiative decay channels via energy transfer to the tip material. These effects cause quenching (or enhancement) of the emitter's PL intensity, as a function of its distance from the interacting tip. We take advantage of this highly distance dependent effect to realize a contrast mechanism for high resolution optical imaging. AFM tips are optimized as energy acceptors by chemical functionalization with InAs NCs to achieve optical resolution down to 30 nm. The presented experimental scheme offers high resolution optical information while maintaining the benefits of traditional AFM imaging. We directly measure the PL intensity of single NCs as a function of the tip distance. Our results are in good agreement to calculation made by a classical theoretical model describing an oscillating dipole interacting with a planar mirror.
Counting intersections of normal curves
Creators: name: Dynnikov, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K20 (Primary), 03D40 (Secondary)

description: A fast algorithm for counting intersections of two normal curves on a triangulated surface is proposed. It yields a convenient way for treating mapping class groups of punctured surfaces by presenting mapping classes by matrices, and the composition by an exotic matrix multiplication. An efficient solution of the word problem for mapping class groups of punctured surfaces is proposed, with efficiency understood in a more restrictive way than the most common one.
description: 43 pages, 39 figures; to appear in Journal of Algebra
$\mathbb P$-objects and autoequivalences of derived categories
Creators: name: Huybrechts, D.
name: Thomas, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J32; 18E30

description: We describe new autoequivalences of derived categories of coherent sheaves arising from what we call $\mathbb P^n$-objects of the category. Standard examples arise from holomorphic symplectic manifolds. Under mirror symmetry these autoequivalences should be mirror to Seidel's Dehn twists about lagrangian $\mathbb P^n$ submanifolds. We give various connections to spherical objects and spherical twists, and include a simple description of Atiyah and Kodaira-Spencer classes in an appendix.
description: 13 pages. Published version, minor corrections
Self-similarities in the frequency-amplitude space of a loss-modulated CO$_2$ laser
Creators: name: Bonatto, Cristian
name: Garreau, Jean Claude
name: Gallas, Jason A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show the standard two-level continuous-time model of loss-modulated CO$_2$ lasers to display the same regular network of self-similar stability islands known so far to be typically present only in discrete-time models based on mappings. For class B laser models our results suggest that, more than just convenient surrogates, discrete mappings in fact could be isomorphic to continuous flows.
description: (5 low-res color figs; for ALL figures high-res PDF: http://www.if.ufrgs.br/~jgallas/jg_papers.html)
Evidence for intrinsic absorption in the Swift X-ray afterglows
Creators: name: Campana, S.
name: Romano, P.
name: Covino, S.
name: Lazzati, D.
name: De Luca, A.
name: Chincarini, G.
name: Moretti, A.
name: Tagliaferri, G.
name: Cusumano, G.
name: Giommi, P.
name: Mangano, V.
name: Perri, M.
name: La Parola, V.
name: Capalbi, M.
name: Mineo, T.
name: Antonelli, L. A.
name: Burrows, D. N.
name: Hill, J. E.
name: Racusin, J. L.
name: Kennea, J. A.
name: Morris, D. C.
name: Pagani, C.
name: Nousek, J. A.
name: Osborne, J. P.
name: Goad, M. R.
name: Page, K. L.
name: Beardmore, A. P.
name: Godet, O.
name: O'Brien, P. T.
name: Wells, A. A.
name: Angelini, L.
name: Gehrels, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray burst (GRB) progenitors are observationally linked to the death of massive stars. X-ray studies of the GRB afterglows can deepen our knowledge of the ionization status and metal abundances of the matter in the GRB environment. Moreover, the presence of local matter can be inferred through its fingerprints in the X-ray spectrum, i.e. the presence of absorption higher than the Galactic value. A few studies based on BeppoSAX and XMM-Newton found evidence of higher than Galactic values for the column density in a number of GRB afterglows. Here we report on a systematic analysis of 17 GRBs observed by Swift up to April 15, 2005. We observed a large number of GRBs with an excess of column density. Our sample, together with previous determinations of the intrinsic column densities for GRBs with known redshift, provides evidence for a distribution of absorption consistent with that predicted for randomly occurring GRB within molecular clouds.
description: Accepted for publication on A&A (5 pages and 2 figures)