cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards a Formulation of Quantum Theory as a Causally Neutral Theory of Bayesian Inference
Creators: name: Leifer, M. S.
name: Spekkens, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum theory can be viewed as a generalization of classical probability theory, but the analogy as it has been developed so far is not complete. Whereas the manner in which inferences are made in classical probability theory is independent of the causal relation that holds between the conditioned variable and the conditioning variable, in the conventional quantum formalism, there is a significant difference between how one treats experiments involving two systems at a single time and those involving a single system at two times. In this article, we develop the formalism of quantum conditional states, which provides a unified description of these two sorts of experiment. In addition, concepts that are distinct in the conventional formalism become unified: channels, sets of states, and positive operator valued measures are all seen to be instances of conditional states; the action of a channel on a state, ensemble averaging, the Born rule, the composition of channels, and nonselective state-update rules are all seen to be instances of belief propagation. Using a quantum generalization of Bayes' theorem and the associated notion of Bayesian conditioning, we also show that the remote steering of quantum states can be described within our formalism as a mere updating of beliefs about one system given new information about another, and retrodictive inferences can be expressed using the same belief propagation rule as is used for predictive inferences. Finally, we show that previous arguments for interpreting the projection postulate as a quantum generalization of Bayesian conditioning are based on a misleading analogy and that it is best understood as a combination of belief propagation (corresponding to the nonselective state-update map) and conditioning on the measurement outcome.
description: v1 43 pages, revTeX4. v2 42 pages, edited for clarity, added references and corrected minor errors, submitted to Phys. Rev. A. v3 41 pages, improved figures, added two new figures, added extra explanation in response to referee comments, minor rewrites for readability. v4 44 pages, added "towards" to title, rewritten abstract, rewritten introduction with new tables
Designs for dewatering and optimization of pit slopes in saprolite overburden : a case study of the PT. Kayan Putra Utama Coal project
Creators: name: Lesmana, Antony
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Effective dewatering and environmental program poised to have a significant impact on the feasibility of saprolite mining operations. It is therefore necessary to strike a balance between an effective dewatering program and sound environmental policy. Using assessments such as rainfall, climate studies, groundwater flow, and aquifer characterizations, the Separi coal dewatering program includes the construction of water channels, flood protection levees, water wells, and placing various environmental monitoring sites. The construction of water channels and flood protection levees has reduced the water runoff that entered the mining area by approximately 75%. For a six-month testing period, the average pumping rate of the dewatering well was 24.78 m³/day. These pumping rates were determined to result in groundwater level that would generally be 10 meters below the lowest mining benches at all times. Ten meters is the recommended single bench height based on the slope stability analysis. After six months of dewatering, the groundwater level was lowered 10.88 meters, permitting the mining project may begin its mining operation to commence. A re-design of maximum pit slope angle is indicated in this research. During the testing period, the environmental management plan did not show any negative impacts of dewatering programs on surface and groundwater resources. The monitoring sites all yield acceptable range of water quality parameters, such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and pH value. The company continues to monitor the water resources to maintain acceptable water quality in the study areas.
Additional file 3 of Priorities in Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) – results from an international survey and roundtable discussions
Creators: name: Mohanna, M.
name: Roberts, E.
name: Whitty, L.
name: Gritzfeld, J. F.
name: Pain, C. E.
name: Girschick, H. J.
name: Preston, J.
name: Hadjittofi, M.
name: Anderson, C.
name: Ferguson, P. J.
name: Theos, A.
name: Hedrich, C. M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
classificationCode: 110309
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3.
Chordeumatida Pocock 1894
Creators: name: Wesener, Thomas
name: Moritz, Leif
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Chordeumatida

description: Order Chordeumatida Pocock, 1894 Family undetermined (3) New records. 1?, BuB0974; 1?, BuB1978; 1 M, BuB2978. Identification. Chordeumatida can be identified based on the presence of 25–31 tergites with a dorsal suture, an anal segment carrying 4 spinnerets, and tergites with 3+3 characteristic macrosetae (Enghoff et al. 2015). The order has many recent families, which in most cases can only be identified based on a careful examinations of the male copulatory legs.
description: Published as part of Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2018, Checklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017), pp. 1131-1140 in Check List 14 (6) on page 1135, DOI: 10.15560/14.6.1131
description: {"references": ["Enghoff H, Golovatch S, Short M, Stoev P, Wesener T (2015) Diplopoda - taxonomic overview. In: Minelli A (Ed.) Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Vol. 2. Brill, Leiden, 363 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004188273"]}
Neuropsychologic Impairment in Early HIV Infection: A Risk Factor for Work Disability
Creators: name: Albert, Steven M.
name: Marder, Karen
name: Dooneief, George
name: Bell, Karen L.
name: Sano, Mary
name: Todak, George
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Neurology
HIV infections
HIV-positive persons--Employment
Neuropsychology

description: Objective: To explore the functional significance of incident neuropsychologic impairment among initially asymptomatic subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Design: Prospective, observational cohort study of homosexual and bisexual men to examine the incidence of work disability related to the onset of neuropsychologic impairment. Setting: A university clinical and behavioral research site in New York City. Participants: Sample of 207 homosexual and bisexual men; 123 were seropositive and 84 were seronegative. Principal Outcome Measures: Incident work disability in the course of 4.5 years of follow-up, with disability defined as a persistent (≥24 months) change in work hours (from 20 or more to less than 20 h/wk). Results: Compared with seronegative control subjects (n=72), the relative risk of work disability among initially asymptomatic seropositive men (n=44) was 2.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 6.5), nearly a threefold increase. Proportional hazards models show that this increased risk is attributable to the development of major neuropsychologic impairment in a subset (eight of 44) of the initially asymptomatic men, which is significantly associated with incident work disability (6/8 [75%]). Adjusting for symptom status and CD4+ cell count at the time of disability did not eliminate the increased risk associated with neuropsychologic impairment. Conclusions: In this cohort, the increased risk of work disability among initially asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus—positive men was related to incident neuropsychologic impairment; such impairment predicted work disability independently of symptom status and CD4+ cell count over the follow-up period. Neuropsychologic impairment in the course of human immunodeficiency virus infection may indicate increased risk for poor outcomes over and above that associated with systemic disease.
Pauli-Fierz mass term in modified Plebanski gravity
Creators: name: Beke, David
name: Palmisano, Giovanni
name: Speziale, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study SO(4) BF theory plus a general quadratic potential, which describes a bi- metric theory of gravity. We identify the profile of the potential leading to a Pauli-Fierz mass term for the massive graviton, thereby avoiding the linearized ghost. We include the Immirzi parameter in our analysis, and find that the mass of the second graviton depends on it. At the non-perturbative level, we find a situation similar to genuine bi-gravities: even choosing the Pauli-Fierz mass term, the ghost mode propagates through the interactions. We present some simple potentials leading to two and three degrees of freedom, and discuss the difficulties of finding a ghost-free bi-gravity with seven degrees of freedom. Finally, we discuss alternative reality conditions for the case of SO(3,1) BF theory, relevant for Lorentzian signature, and give a new solution to the compatibility equation.
description: 25 pages. v2: modified sections 1, 2 and 4 to improve presentation
On multiplicity correlations in the STAR data
Creators: name: Fialkowski, K.
name: Wit, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The STAR data on the multiplicity correlations between narrow psudorapidity bins in the pp and AuAu collisions are discussed. The PYTHIA 8.145 generator is used for the pp data, and a naive superposition model is presented for the AuAu data. It is shown that the PYTHIA generator with default parameter values describes the pp data reasonably well, whereas the superposition model fails to reproduce the centrality dependence seen in the data. Some possible reasons for this failure and a comparison with other models are presented.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Cambalidea Cook 1895
Creators: name: Wesener, Thomas
name: Moritz, Leif
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Spirostreptida

description: Suborder Cambalidea Cook, 1895 Family undetermined (19) New records. 1?, BuB1115; 1?, BuB1144; 1 F, BuB1165; 1?, BuB1824; 1 F, BuB1825; 1 F, BuB1826; 1 F, BuB1990; 1 F, BuB1955; 1 M, BuB1962; 1?, BuB2981; 1?, BuB3005; 1?. BuB3012; 1?, BuB3250; 1 M, BuB3255; 1 M, ZFMK MYR06121; 1 M, ZFMK MYR07368; 1 M, ZFMK MYR07369; 2 F, ZFMK MYR07370. Figure 2D Identification. The tergites, pleurites and sternites are completely fused into body rings. The head is lacking a median suture. The anterior legs have a characteristic gap between leg 3 and 4, as legs 4 and 5 are on the posterior end of body ring 5. The specimens listed here are a bit unusual as they have frontal setae on their head, a character absent in all recent Spirostreptida. The presence of 2 pairs of gonopods in the males identify those specimens as members of the suborder Cambalidea, as species belonging to the other suborder, Spirostreptidea, only have one pair of gonopods (Enghoff et al. 2015).
description: Published as part of Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2018, Checklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017), pp. 1131-1140 in Check List 14 (6) on page 1136, DOI: 10.15560/14.6.1131
description: {"references": ["Enghoff H, Golovatch S, Short M, Stoev P, Wesener T (2015) Diplopoda - taxonomic overview. In: Minelli A (Ed.) Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Vol. 2. Brill, Leiden, 363 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004188273"]}
title: Secondary contact of two sibling species of Eurytemora affinis: distribution,diversity and trophic role in the St Lawrence estuarine transition zone
Creators: name: Winkler, Gesche
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session A
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The St. Lawrence estuarine transition zone (ETZ), characterized by strong environmental gradients, is a secondary contact zone for two sibling species (clades) of the dominant estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis. This study analysed pattern of distribution, genetic heterogeneity and the trophic role of the species complex of E. affinis. Sequencing of 652bp of the cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI, mtDNA) revealed a high degree of heterogeneity in genetic structure and habitat type along the salinity gradient. The two genetically-distinct clades showed pattern of niche partitioning within the St. Lawrence ETZ by separate geographic distribution. The North Atlantic clade occupied the central portion of the St. Lawrence Middle Estuary, whereas the Atlantic clade was more prevalent along the margins, in the upstream reaches of the estuary and downstream salt marshes. The genetic population structure observed at fine spatial scales may be responsible for differentiation of trophic roles between the two genetic clades when channelling carbon from primary producers up to higher trophic levels, due to longitudinally organized distribution of primary producers and predators such as mysids and larval fishes across the St. Lawrence ETZ. Furthermore this distribution pattern might result in corresponding spatial structure in secondary production patterns. Overall, this study illustrates the overriding importance to consider cryptic intra-specific diversity in studies on ecosystem functioning
Spatial entanglement and massive neutrino oscillations produced by orbital electron capture decay
Creators: name: Pavlichenkov, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-particle wave function of neutrino and recoil nucleus is found as a solution of an initial value problem in the far zone for a time longer than the electron capture decay lifetime of a hydrogenlike ion. The neutrino-recoil entanglement arising in such a process is a consequence of the momentum conservation and is closely related to the wave packet structure of the state. Because of neutrino mixing, the joint wave packet involves the coherent superposition of the neutrino mass eigenstate packets. This is the new physical realization of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen thought experiment, which has no analogue in quantum optics and quantum informatics. A class of possible experiments for the registration of a neutrino and a recoil nucleus is proposed. It is shown that due to spatial correlations neutrino oscillations can be observed in the coincidence experiment with the recoil.
description: 9 pages, no figures. Revised version of the article published in Phys. Rev. D 84, 073005
СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ИМЕН ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ В РУССКОМ И УЗБЕКСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Creators: name: Хужахонова, Муштарийбону
name: Хамраева, Ёркиной
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В данной статье исследуется решающая роль английского языка в профессиональном развитии и глобальной компетентности персонала в различных отраслях. В нем английский язык рассматривается как ключевой инструмент глобального делового общения, обеспечивающий доступ к огромному количеству информации и ресурсов, доступных преимущественно на английском языке. В статье подчеркивается, что знание английского языка может стать важным фактором карьерного роста, помогая профессионалам выходить на международные рынки, участвовать в межкультурных командах и получать доступ к ресурсам профессионального обучения. В нем также обсуждается влияние английского языка в технологических областях и сетевые возможности, которые он предоставляет в глобализированной рабочей силе.
Cambalidae Bollman 1893
Creators: name: Wesener, Thomas
name: Moritz, Leif
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Spirostreptida
Cambalidae

description: Family Cambalidae Bollman, 1893 (1) New record. 1 M, ZFMK MYR06696. Identification. This 1 specimen among the numerous samples of Spirostreptida differs from the others in the absence of frontal setae on the head, in being more similar to recent Cambalidea. The specimen has the gonopods visible, showing anterior gonopods with a flagella and allowing us to place this specimen in a recent family, the Cambalidae (Enghoff et al. 2015).
description: Published as part of Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2018, Checklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017), pp. 1131-1140 in Check List 14 (6) on page 1136, DOI: 10.15560/14.6.1131
description: {"references": ["Enghoff H, Golovatch S, Short M, Stoev P, Wesener T (2015) Diplopoda - taxonomic overview. In: Minelli A (Ed.) Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Vol. 2. Brill, Leiden, 363 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004188273"]}
Dynamical Ionic Clusters with Flowing Electron Bubbles from Warm to Hot Dense Iron along the Hugoniot Curve
Creators: name: Dai, Jiayu
name: Kang, Dongdong
name: Zhao, Zengxiu
name: Wu, Yanqun
name: Yuan, Jianmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complex structures of warm and hot dense matter are essential to understand the behaviors of materials in high energy density physics processes and provide new features of matter constitutions. Here, along a new unified first-principle determined Hugoniot curve of iron from normal condensed condition up to 1 Gbar, the novel structures characterized by the ionic clusters and separated "electron bubbles" are revolutionarily unraveled using newly developed quantum Langevin molecular dynamics (QLMD). Subsistence of complex clusters, with bonds formed by inner shell electrons of neighbor ions, can persist in the time length of 50 femto-seconds dynamically with quantum flowing bubbles, which are produced by the interplay of Fermi electron degeneracy, the ionic coupling and the dynamical nature. With the inclusion of those complicated features in QLMD, the present data could serve as a first-principle benchmark in a wide range of temperatures and densities.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Adolescent peer support for mental health problems: evaluation of the validity and reliability of the Mental Health Support Scale for Adolescents
Creators: name: Lu, Shurong
name: Hart, Laura M.
name: Jorm, Anthony F.
name: Gregg, Karen
name: Gross, Maxine
name: Mackinnon, Andrew J.
name: Morgan, Amy J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: The Mental Health Support Scale for Adolescents.
title: Long‐term validation of virtual sensing of a railway bridge with ballasted superstructure
Creators: name: Lorenzen, Steven Robert
name: Berthold, Hagen
name: Fritzsche, Max Johannes Alois
name: Rupp, Maximilian Michael
name: Riedel, Henrik
name: Apostolidi, Eftychia
name: Schneider, Jens
Publisher: name: Ernst & Sohn, a Wiley brand
Year: 2023

description: Railway bridges have a long lifespan, which is challenged by the constant development of vehicles leading to increased loads that they were not originally designed for. To ensure the longest possible use of existing structures, a sensor‐based structural health monitoring system can make a significant contribution. However, due to economic reasons and the inaccessibility of many points of interest, sensors cannot be installed everywhere. Therefore, in most cases, only a few sensors are available at a few points of interest, and methods that aim to reconstruct structural responses at unmeasured points from these measurements are referred to as virtual sensing. In this paper, we have analyzed 19,075 passages recorded on a steel trough bridge with a ballast superstructure and a span of 16.4 m, together with weather data. Our findings show that the influence of train type and speed has a significantly higher impact on the results than environmental factors. The investigation revealed that the model‐based analysis produced similar results to the data‐driven analysis concerning acceleration signals. However, when analyzing strain signals, the two approaches yielded distinctly different results.
A Common Neural Network for Cognitive Reserve in Verbal and Object Working Memory in Young but Not Old
Creators: name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Zarahn, Eric
name: Habeck, Christian G.
name: Holtzer, Roee
name: Rakitin, Brian C.
name: Kumar, Arjun
name: Flynn, Joseph
name: Steffener, Jason
name: Brown, Truman R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Neurology
Aging
Magnetic resonance imaging
Cognition

description: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that cognitive reserve (CR) mitigates the effects of aging on cognitive function. The goal of this study was to see whether a common neural mechanism for CR could be demonstrated in brain imaging data acquired during the performance of 2 tasks with differing cognitive processing demands. Young and elder subjects were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a delayed item response task that used either letters (40 young, 18 old) or shapes (24 young, 21 old). Difficulty or load was manipulated by varying the number of stimuli that were presented for encoding. Load-dependent fMRI signal corresponding to each trial component (stimulus presentation, retention delay, and probe) and task (letter or shape) was regressed onto 2 putative CR variables. Canonical variates analysis was applied to the resulting maps of regression coefficients, separately for each trial component, to summarize the imaging data--CR relationships. There was a latent brain pattern noted in the stimulus presentation phase that manifested similar relationships between load-related encoding activation and CR variables across the letter and shape tasks in the young but not the elder age group. This spatial pattern could represent a general neural instantiation of CR that is affected by the aging process.
title: Molecular Sensors and the FerryBox-System - A Key to High Resolution Monitoring of Marine Phytoplankton
Creators: name: Metfies, Katja
name: Diercks, Sonja
name: Schröder, Friedhelm
name: Petersen, Wilhelm
name: Hanken, Thomas
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session A
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Changes in plankton community structures in response to climate change and the climatic sensitivity of species are currently driving topics in marine research. In the marine environment phytoplankton consists of major primary producers, but also harmful algae that can negatively influence marine ecosystems. It is expected that climate related environmental change could result in changes in the abundance, spatial distribution, biogeography or dominance of phytoplankton species. In order to evaluate consequences of climate change for marine ecosystems it is necessary to possess high resolution information in time and space on current abundances and patterns within the phytoplankton. However, the generation of these data is constrained by a variety of reasons like the size or insufficient morphological markers of the taxa and the costs to provide samples with high spatiotemporal resolution.
A comparative study of the low energy HD+o-/p-H2 rotational excitation/de-excitation collisions and elastic scattering
Creators: name: Sultanov, Renat A.
name: Guster, Dennis
name: Adhikari, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Diep and Johnson (DJ) H$_2$-H$_2$ potential energy surface (PES) obtained from the first principles [P. Diep, K. Johnson, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 3480 (2000); 114, 222 (2000)], has been adjusted through appropriate rotation of the three-dimensional coordinate system and applied to low-temperature ($T<300$ K) HD+$o$-/$p$-H$_2$ collisions of astrophysical interest. A non-reactive quantum mechanical close-coupling method is used to carry out the computation for the total rotational state-to-state cross sections $σ_{j_1j_2\rightarrow j'_1j'_2}(ε)$ and corresponding thermal rate coefficients $k_{j_1j_2\rightarrow j'_1j'_2}(T)$. A rather satisfactory agreement has been obtained between our results computed with the modified DJ PES and with the newer H$_4$ PES [A.I. Boothroyd, P.G. Martin, W.J. Keogh, M.J. Peterson, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 666 (2002)], which is also applied in this work. A comparative study with previous results is presented and discussed. Significant differences have been obtained for few specific rotational transitions in the H$_2$/HD molecules between our results and previous calculations. The low temperature data for $k_{j_1j_2\rightarrow j'_1j'_2}(T)$ calculated in this work can be used in a future application such as a new computation of the HD cooling function of primordial gas, which is important in the astrophysics of the early Universe.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Effects of heliox on respiratory mechanics and sensory responses during exercise in endurance-trained men and women
Creators: name: Wilkie, Sabrina Shirley
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Mechanical ventilatory constraints have been shown to develop in healthy endurance-trained (ET) men, and both ET and untrained women due to structural and functional sex-based differences with respect to the pulmonary system. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of unloading the respiratory system using a heliox (He-O₂) inspirate on expiratory flow limitation (EFL), the work of breathing (WOB), operational lung volumes and sensory responses (leg and breathing discomfort) between men and women. It was hypothesized that He-O₂ would reduce EFL, operational lung volumes, the WOB and sensory responses while increasing airflow rates, minute ventilation (V’E) and exercise performance. The aforementioned changes would occur to a greater extent in women and those developing EFL breathing room air (RA). Endurance trained men (n = 11) and women (n = 11) competitive cyclists completed two 5 km time trials (TT), breathing either RA or He-O₂. The maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve method was used to determine EFL. An esophageal balloon catheter was used to measure the WOB as determined by transpulmonary pressure (the difference between esophageal and mouth pressures). Sensory responses were recorded throughout the TTs. Both sexes had a small (albeit non-significant) 2.3% improvement in power output breathing He-O₂. During the RA TT, 60% of women and 36% of men developed EFL. Heliox significantly increased the MEFV curve for both sexes however 40% of women and 45% of men still developed EFL. The magnitude of EFL was variable throughout both TT’s for all subjects due to alterations in end expired lung volume and expiratory flow rates, as subjects utilized the He-O₂ induced enhanced ventilatory reserve. Despite significantly lower V’E, women had similar WOB and operational lung volumes as men. Sensory responses were not affected by sex, inspirate, or presence of EFL. Collectively these findings suggest that EFL occurs to various extents throughout endurance exercise in both sexes and may limit endurance performance. Sex-based differences in pulmonary structure and function predispose women to mechanical ventilatory constraints breathing RA and increase women’s relative cost of breathing compared to men.
A comparison of a group ABA (GABA) verbal behaviour model of early intensive behavioral intervention and pivotal response treatment for children with autism
Creators: name: Stock, Richard Allen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by a triad of impairments in social interaction, communication, and behavior. Once considered untreatable, research has identified comprehensive behavioral intervention as the most well established treatment option. To date, the UCLA method of early intensive behavioral intervention has received the most large-scale research attention and empirical support. However, alternative behavioral methods have also emerged, including the Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) and the Verbal Behavior (VB) methods. This study compared the outcomes of 14 children with autism participating in a community-based program based on the VB method to the outcomes for 14 children participating in a community-based program based on the PRT method, over a 12-month period. Assessments were conducted to measure cognitive, receptive and expressive language, and adaptive behavior skills, as well as problem behavior and parenting stress. Independent t-tests confirmed the groups were well matched for both baseline cognitive ability and chronological age. A 2 x 2 mixed model analysis of variance showed statistically significant changes over 12 months in IQ scores, receptive and expressive language age equivalents, and problem behavior scores. Significant findings were not found for either adaptive behavior scores or parenting stress scores. Changes in cognitive and adaptive behavior scores were similar to those reported in published UCLA-based studies of similar intensity. Study limitations and recommendations for future research are provided. Although additional research is needed to examine the long-term effectiveness of the programs examined in this study, it appears that they both hold promise as effective autism early intervention approaches that are relatively cost-effective.
Entropy production and fluctuation theorems under feedback control: the molecular refrigerator model revisited
Creators: name: Munakata, T.
name: Rosinberg, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the model of a Brownian particle in a heat bath submitted to an actively controlled force proportional to the velocity that leads to thermal noise reduction (cold damping). We investigate the influence of the continuous feedback on the fluctuations of the total entropy production and show that the explicit expression of the detailed fluctuation theorem involves different dynamics and observables in the forward and backward processes. As an illustration, we study the analytically solvable case of a harmonic oscillator and calculate the characteristic function of the entropy production in a nonequilibrium steady state. We then determine the corresponding large deviation function which results from an unusual interplay between 'boundary' and 'bulk' contributions.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures. References 9,10,13,14,15 added. A few changes in the text. Accepted for publication in J. Stat. Mech
Additional file 1 of Association between maternal cholesterol level during pregnancy and placental weight and birthweight ratio: data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Creators: name: Mitsuda, Naomi
name: Eitoku, Masamitsu
name: Yamasaki, Keiko
name: J-P, Naw Awn
name: Fujieda, Mikiya
name: Maeda, Nagamasa
name: Suganuma, Narufumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 39999
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flow chart for selection of participants from JECS. Figure S2. Parity- and sex-specific placental weight/birth weight (PW/BW) curves (a: male, primiparous; b: male, multiparous; c: female, primiparous; d: female, multiparous). Figure S3. Parity- and sex-specific placental weight curves (a: male, primiparous; b: male, multiparous; c: female, primiparous; d: female, multiparous). Figure S4. Association between maternal lipid level during pregnancy (a: Total cholesterol, b: LDL cholesterol, and c: HDL cholesterol) and PW/BW ratio(Reference: Total cholesterol = 200 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol = 108 mg/dl, and HDL cholesterol = 77 mg/dl). Figure S5. Association between maternal lipid level during pregnancy and PW/BW ratio stratified by sex (a: Total cholesterol, male; b: total cholesterol, female; c: LDL cholesterol, male; d: LDL cholesterol, female; e: HDL cholesterol, male; e: HDL cholesterol, female) (Reference: total cholesterol = 200 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol = 108 mg/dl, and HDL cholesterol = 77 mg/dl).
Geophilomorpha Leach 1815
Creators: name: Wesener, Thomas
name: Moritz, Leif
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Geophilomorpha

description: Order Geophilomorpha Leach, 1815 Family undetermined (9) New records. 1?, BuB1997;1?,BuB2660; 1?, BuB3063; 1?, BuB3065; 1?, BuB3287; 1?, BuB3288; 1?, BuB3290; 1?, Wu F3402/Bu/CJW; 1?, RO my35. Identification. Legs 30 to more than 100. The stigma openings are pleural, the animals are blind (Bonato and Zapparoli 2011).
description: Published as part of Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2018, Checklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017), pp. 1131-1140 in Check List 14 (6) on page 1137, DOI: 10.15560/14.6.1131
description: {"references": ["Bonato L, Zapparoli M (2011) Chilopoda - geographic distribution. In: Minelli A (Ed.) Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Vol. 1. Brill, Leiden, 327 - 337."]}
Conditional Differential Expression for Biomarker Discovery In High-throughput Cancer Data
Creators: name: Wang, Dao Sen
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biomarkers
Cancer data

description: Biomarkers have important clinical uses as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools for cancer therapy. However, translation from biomarkers claimed in literature to clinical use has been traditionally poor. Importantly, clinical covariates have been shown to be important factors in biomarker discovery in small-scale studies. Yet, traditional differential gene expression analysis for expression biomarkers ignores covariates, which are only accounted for later, if at all. We conjecture that covariate-sensitive biomarker identification should lead to the discovery of more robust and true biomarkers as confounding effects are considered. Here we examine gene expression in more than 750 breast invasive ductal carcinoma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-BRCA) in the form of RNA-Seq data. Specifically, we focus on differential gene expression with respect to understanding HER2, ER, and PR biology – the three key receptors in breast cancer. We explore methods of differential expression analysis, including non-parametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon analysis, generalized linear models with covariates, and a novel categorical method for covariates. We tested the influence of common patient characteristics, such as age and race, and clinical covariates such as HER2, ER, and PR receptor statuses. More importantly, we show that inclusion of a correlated covariate (e.g. PR status as a covariate in ER analysis) substantially changes the list of differentially expressed genes, removing many likely false positives and revealing genes obscured by the covariate. Incorporation of relevant covariates in differential gene expression analysis holds strong biological importance with respect to biomarker discovery and may be the next step towards better translation of biomarkers to clinical use.
Scabies in the age of increasing drug resistance
Creators: name: Khalil, Samar
name: Abbas, Ossama
name: Kibbi, Abdul-Ghani
name: Kurban, Mazen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Scabies
Drug resistance
Dermatology

description: Scabies is an infestation of the skin by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It manifests with pruritic erythematous papules and excoriations, in addition to the pathognomonic burrows. Multiple drugs can be used for treatment, but resistance to conventional therapy is increasing throughout the years. This paper will review the mechanisms of resistance proposed in the literature and some of the potential solutions to this problem.
Polyakov loop and QCD thermodynamics from the gluon and ghost propagators
Creators: name: Fukushima, Kenji
name: Kashiwa, Kouji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate quark deconfinement by calculating the effective potential of the Polyakov loop using the non-perturbative propagators in the Landau gauge measured in the finite-temperature lattice simulation. With the leading term in the 2-particle-irreducible formalism the resultant effective potential exhibits a first-order phase transitions for the pure SU(3) Yang-Mills theory at the critical temperature consistent with the empirical value. We also estimate the thermodynamic quantities to confirm qualitative agreement with the lattice data near the critical temperature. We then apply our effective potential to the chiral model study and calculate the order parameters and the thermodynamic quantities. Unlike the case in the pure Yang-Mills theory the thermodynamic quantities are sensitive to the temperature dependence of the non-perturbative propagators, while the behavior of the order parameters is less sensitive, which implies the importance of the precise determination of the temperature-dependent propagators.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; major update with new calculations and all figures improved significantly
Additional file 2 of Association between maternal cholesterol level during pregnancy and placental weight and birthweight ratio: data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Creators: name: Mitsuda, Naomi
name: Eitoku, Masamitsu
name: Yamasaki, Keiko
name: J-P, Naw Awn
name: Fujieda, Mikiya
name: Maeda, Nagamasa
name: Suganuma, Narufumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
classificationCode: 39999
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Descriptive statistics and LMS parameters for PW/BW ratio (males). Table S2. Descriptive statistics and LMS parameters for PW/BW ratio (females). Table S3. Descriptive statistics and LMS parameters for placental weight (males). Table S4. Descriptive statistics and LMS parameters for placental weight (females).
title: Fitness Activity Recognition on Smartphones Using Doppler Measurements
Creators: name: Fu, Biying
name: Kirchbuchner, Florian
name: Kuijper, Arjan
name: Braun, Andreas
name: Vaithyalingam Gangatharan, Dinesh
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Quantified Self has seen an increased interest in recent years, with devices including smartwatches, smartphones, or other wearables that allow you to monitor your fitness level. This is often combined with mobile apps that use gamification aspects to motivate the user to perform fitness activities, or increase the amount of sports exercise. Thus far, most applications rely on accelerometers or gyroscopes that are integrated into the devices. They have to be worn on the body to track activities. In this work, we investigated the use of a speaker and a microphone that are integrated into a smartphone to track exercises performed close to it. We combined active sonar and Doppler signal analysis in the ultrasound spectrum that is not perceivable by humans. We wanted to measure the body weight exercises bicycles, toe touches, and squats, as these consist of challenging radial movements towards the measuring device. We have tested several classification methods, ranging from support vector machines to convolutional neural networks. We achieved an accuracy of 88% for bicycles, 97% for toe-touches and 91% for squats on our test set.
title: Trophic interactions and energy flow within the pelagic ecosystem in the Iceland Sea
Creators: name: Petursdottir, Hildur
name: Gislason, Astthor
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session A
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.A trophic study was carried out in August 2007 on the pelagic ecosystem in the sub-arctic Iceland Sea, north of Iceland, using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and fatty acid biomarkers. The aim was to study trophic linkages and positions of the most important pelagic species in this ecosystem with special emphasis on the trophic ecology of capelin. According to 15N enrichment it is concluded that there are around 4 trophic levels in this pelagic ecosystem excluding bird and mammals, where the primarily herbivorous copepod Calanus finmarchicus occupies the lowest trophic level of the studied species and adults of capelin (Mallotus villosus) and blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) the highest. Calanus spp. proved to be important diet component (high amount of Calanus fatty acid trophic markers in the neutral lipid fraction), of most of the studied species. However the euphausiid species Thysanoessa inermis and T. longicaudata are exceptions as Calanus spp. are of minor importance in their diet. The chaetognath, Eukrohnia hamata, is a pure carnivore, feeding almost exclusively on Calanus spp., while most of the others zooplankton species studied practice omnivorous-carnivorous feeding mode. The capelin fatty acid profiles, indicate a shift in diet after metamorphosis when the capelin gets more mobile. The importance of Calanus spp. or Calanus derived diet increases with the size of capelin. Adults of capelin and blue whiting share the same feeding habits and could therefore be competing for food. Multivariate statistical methods were performed on fatty acid compositional data making it possible to detect relationships and patterns in the data. This study is a part of an ecological study in the Iceland Sea, with field work lasting from 2006-2008.
Sequential Monte Carlo EM for multivariate probit models
Creators: name: Moffa, Giusi
name: Kuipers, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multivariate probit models (MPM) have the appealing feature of capturing some of the dependence structure between the components of multidimensional binary responses. The key for the dependence modelling is the covariance matrix of an underlying latent multivariate Gaussian. Most approaches to MLE in multivariate probit regression rely on MCEM algorithms to avoid computationally intensive evaluations of multivariate normal orthant probabilities. As an alternative to the much used Gibbs sampler a new SMC sampler for truncated multivariate normals is proposed. The algorithm proceeds in two stages where samples are first drawn from truncated multivariate Student $t$ distributions and then further evolved towards a Gaussian. The sampler is then embedded in a MCEM algorithm. The sequential nature of SMC methods can be exploited to design a fully sequential version of the EM, where the samples are simply updated from one iteration to the next rather than resampled from scratch. Recycling the samples in this manner significantly reduces the computational cost. An alternative view of the standard conditional maximisation step provides the basis for an iterative procedure to fully perform the maximisation needed in the EM algorithm. The identifiability of MPM is also thoroughly discussed. In particular, the likelihood invariance can be embedded in the EM algorithm to ensure that constrained and unconstrained maximisation are equivalent. A simple iterative procedure is then derived for either maximisation which takes effectively no computational time. The method is validated by applying it to the widely analysed Six Cities dataset and on a higher dimensional simulated example. Previous approaches to the Six Cities overly restrict the parameter space but, by considering the correct invariance, the maximum likelihood is quite naturally improved when treating the full unrestricted model.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures. In press, Computational Statistics & Data Analysis
Analysis of Compound Climate Extremes and Exposed Population in Africa Under Two Different Emission Scenarios
Creators: name: Weber, T.
name: Bowyer, P.
name: Rechid, D.
name: Pfeifer, S.
name: Raffaele, F.
name: Remedio, A. R.
name: Teichmann, C.
name: Jacob, D.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: It is well established that Africa is particularly exposed to climate extremes including heat waves, droughts, and intense rainfall events. How exposed Africa is to the co-occurrence of these events is however virtually unknown. This study provides the first analysis of projected changes in the co-occurrence of five such compound climate extremes in Africa, under a low (RCP2.6) and high (RCP8.5) emissions scenario. These changes are combined with population projections for a low (SSP1) and high (SSP3) population growth scenario, in order to provide estimates of the number of people that may be exposed to such events at the end of the 21st century. We make use of an ensemble of regional climate projections from the Coordinated Output for Regional Evaluations (CORE) project embedded in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) framework. This ensemble comprises five different Earth System Model/Regional Climate Model (ESM/RCM) combinations with three different ESMs and two RCMs. We show that all five compound climate extremes will increase in frequency, with changes being greater under RCP8.5 than RCP2.6. Moreover, populations exposed to these changes are greater under RCP8.5/SSP3, than RCP2.6/SSP1, increasing by 47- and 12-fold, respectively, compared to the present-day. Regions of Africa that are particularly exposed are West Africa, Central-East Africa, and Northeast and Southeast Africa. Increased exposure is mainly driven by the interaction between climate and population growth, and the effect of population alone. This has important policy implications in relation to climate mitigation and adaptation.
title: Je mehr Kinder, desto geringer die Rentenansprüche von Müttern: Interview
Creators: name: Haan, Peter
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: J38 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 92 (2025), 12, S. 190