cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On Quadratic Divergences in Supergravity, Vacuum Energy and the Supersymmetric Flavor Problem
Creators: name: Gaillard, Mary K.
name: Nelson, Brent D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the phenomenological consequences of quadratically divergent contributions to the scalar potential in supergravity effective Lagrangians. We focus specifically on the effect of these corrections on the vacuum configuration of scalar fields in softly-broken supersymmetric theories and the role these corrections play in generating non-diagonal soft scalar masses. Both effects can only be properly studied when the divergences are regulated in a manifestly supersymmetric manner -- something which has thus far been neglected in past treatments. We show how a supersymmetric regularization can impact past conclusions about both types of phenomena and discuss what types of high-energy theories are likely to be safe from unwanted flavor-changing neutral current interactions in the context of supergravity theories derived from heterotic string compactifications.
Redshift space three-point correlation function of IGM at $z<0.48$
Creators: name: Maitra, Soumak
name: Srianand, Raghunathan
name: Gaikwad, Prakash
name: Khandai, Nishikanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ly$α$ forest decomposed into Voigt profile components allow us to study clustering properties of the intergalactic medium and its dependence on various physical quantities. Here, we report the first detections of probability excess of low-z (i.e z<0.48) Ly$α$ absorber triplets over a scale of $r_\parallel\leq8$pMpc with a maximum amplitude of $8.76^{+1.96}_{-1.65}$ at a longitudinal separation of 1-2pMpc. We measure non-zero three-point correlation ($ζ=4.76^{+1.98}_{-1.67}$) only at this scale with reduced three-point correlation value of Q=$0.95^{+0.39}_{-0.38}$. The measured $ζ$ shows an increasing trend with increasing HI column density ($N_{HI}$) while Q does not show any $N_{HI}$ dependence. About 88% of the triplets contributing to $ζ$ (at z$\le0.2$) have nearby galaxies (whose distribution is known to be complete for 0.1L$_*$ at z<0.1 and for L$_*$ at z~0.25 and within 20' to the quasar sightlines) within a velocity separation of 500$kms^{-1}$ and a median impact parameter of 405pkpc. The measured impact parameters are consistent with appreciable number of triplets at z$\le0.2$ not originating from individual galaxies but tracing the underlying galaxy distribution. Frequency of occurrence of high-b absorbers in triplets (~85%) is a factor~3 higher than that found among the full sample (~32%). Using four different cosmological simulations, we quantify the effect of peculiar velocities, feedback effects and show that most of the observed trends are broadly reproduced. However, $ζ$ at small scales ($r_\parallel<1$pMpc) and b-dependence of $ζ$ in simulations are found inconsistent with the observations. This could either be related to the fact that none of these simulations reproduce the observed b-distribution and $N_{HI}$ distribution for $N_{HI}>10^{14}$cm$^{-2}$ self-consistently or to the widespread of signal-to-noise ratio in the observed data.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
CREATION OF LAND MARKETS IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INSTITUTIONS OF LAND ADMINISTRATION
Creators: name: Stanfield, J. David
name: Stanfield, J. David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land use--Government policy--Europe, Eastern
subject: Land use--Economic aspects--Europe, Eastern
subject: Land tenure--Government policy--Europe, Eastern
subject: Land administration--Europe, Eastern
subject: Land administration--Albania
subject: Land markets--Europe, Eastern
subject: Land markets--Albania
subject: Privatization--Europe, Eastern
subject: Post-communism

description: This paper describes (1) the processes of privatization of land management in selected transition countries and (2) the post-privatization changes in land administration institutions which are being crafted to establish land markets. It begins with the proposition that there are similar land market institutional problems which most "transition" countries are facing, due largely to common experiences in creating command economies during the past 50-80 years and the almost simultaneous decisions of these countries to move toward market political economies in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Each country has had unique historical experiences, but this paper proposes that there is enough similar institutional history among the transition countries to venture into comparative analysis. In this regard, the Albanian experience with land market institutional development is presented as being potentially relevant to experiences in other transition countries of Europe and the former Soviet Union. The broad question is: How can countries construct the institutions of immovable property markets once they have made the political-economic decision to "go market"?
ALTA OR NLTA: WHAT'S IN THE NAME? LAND TENURE DILEMMA AND THE FIJI SUGAR INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Lal, Padma
name: Lim-Applegate, Hazel
name: Reddy, Mahendra
name: Lal, Padma
name: Lim-Applegate, Hazel
name: Reddy, Mahendra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land tenure -- Government policy -- Fiji
subject: Landlord and tenant -- Law and legislation -- Fiji
subject: Land tenure -- Economic aspects -- Fiji
subject: Agricultural laws and legislation -- Fiji
subject: Leases -- Fiji
subject: Sugar trade -- Fiji
subject: Sugarcane industry -- Economic aspects -- Fiji
subject: Fiji. Agricultural and Landlord Tenants Act (1976)

description: Since 1997, the agricultural leases on Native land, issued under the 1976 Agricultural and Landlord Tenants Act (ALTA), began to expire. The sugar industry is the main commodity export earner for Fiji, directly contributing about 22% of the national GDP and supporting over 25% of the country's active labor force. Fiji exports 80% of its sugar production, earning on average of $250-300 million in foreign exchange annually. Several options have been suggested, including: non-renewal of leases, with the land reverting to Fijian owners; renewal of ALTA but with land rents pegged to the gross value of production instead of the unimproved capital value; sharecropping and contract wage arrangements; and abolishment of lease arrangement under ALTA with leases to be issued under an institutional arrangement guided by the Native Lands Trust Act (NLTA). The land tenure system adopted will have a significant impact not only on the efficiency of the sugar cane sector but also on Fiji's ability to meet its international obligations of sugar exports. This paper explores the land tenure dilemma facing Fiji today. It assesses the economic implications of the various forms of land lease system proposed. This analysis is carried out in terms of efficiency, equity, and risk sharing in the current preferential market access environment and under possible future world market conditions. Suggestions are made on institutional arrangements that could enhance efficiency in resource use and encourage sharing of production risks that arise due to variability in factor prices and climatic conditions as well as sugar prices.
Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 knockdown confers protection against myocardial fibrosis and inflammation in uremic cardiomyopathy via down-regulation of S100 Calcium Binding Protein A8/A9 transcription
Creators: name: Cai, Xinyong
name: Hong, Lang
name: Liu, Yuanyuan
name: Huang, Xiao
name: Lai, Hengli
name: Shao, Liang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Uremic cardiomyopathy (UCM) is a characteristic cardiac pathology that is commonly found in patients with chronic kidney disease. This study dissected the mechanism of SPI1 in myocardial fibrosis and inflammation induced by UCM through S100A8/A9. An UCM rat model was established, followed by qRT-PCR and western blot analyses of SPI1 and S100A8/A9 expression in myocardial tissues. After alterations of SPI1 and S100A8/A9 expression in UCM rats, the blood specimens were harvested from the cardiac apex of rats. The levels of creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB), blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were examined in the collected blood. Collagen fibrosis was assessed by Masson staining. The expression of fibrosis markers [transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), Collagen 4a1, and Fibronectin], IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α was measured in myocardial tissues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were conducted to test the binding relationship between SPI1 and S100A8/A9. S100A8/A9 and SPI1 were highly expressed in the myocardial tissues of UCM rats. Mechanistically, SPI1 bound to the promoter of S100A8/A9 to facilitate S100A8/A9 transcription. S100A8/A9 or SPI1 knockdown reduced myocardial fibrosis and inflammation and the levels of CK-MB, blood creatinine, and BUN, as well as the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Collagen 4a1, Fibronectin, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in UCM rats. SPI1 knockdown diminished S100A8/A9 transcription, thus suppressing myocardial fibrosis and inflammation caused by UCM.
Proposed Specification Class I, Type C and Blade Spreading Hot Mixes
Creators: name: Gregg, L. E.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1951
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Following the May 24, meeting of the Specifications Committee you and I discussed briefly some diagrams showing the comparative gradation between other mixes and the proposed Class I, Type C, surface mix, and you asked that we prepare some information for members of the Specifications Committee showing the effect of the proposed limits, In the process of doing this He accumulated data on mixes used by some other states, and gradations of some mixes that have been used here in our state. Finally, some data on blade spreading of hot mixes in Houston, Texas were obtained by correspondence, This memorandum contains the essence of material we have collected on these subjects.
Two-dimensional Lorentz-violating Chern-Simons-like action
Creators: name: Passos, E.
name: Petrov, A. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate generation of the two-dimensional Chern-Simons-like Lorentz-breaking action via an appropriate Lorentz-breaking coupling of scalar and spinor fields at zero as well as at the finite temperature and via the noncommutative fields method and study the dispersion relations corresponding to this action.
description: 10 pages, references added, version accepted to Physics Letters B
Closure operations in complete local rings of mixed characteristic
Creators: name: Jiang, Zhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D22 (Primary) 13C14, 13J10, 13A35 (Secondary)

description: Extended plus (epf) closure and rank 1 (r1f) closure are two closure operations introduced by Raymond C. Heitmann for rings of mixed characteristic. Recently, he and Linquan Ma proved that epf closure satisfies the usual colon-capturing property under mild conditions. In this paper, we extend their result and prove that epf closure satisfies what we call the $p$-colon-capturing property. Based on that, we define a new closure notion called "weak epf closure", and prove that it satisfies the generalized colon-capturing property and some other colon-capturing properties. This gives a new proof of the existence of big Cohen-Macaulay algebras in the mixed characteristic case. We also show that any module-finite extension of a complete local domain is epf-phantom, which generalizes a result of Mel Hochster and Craig Huneke about "phantom extensions". Finally, we prove some related results in characteristic $p$.
description: Here are the changes: Remark 3.9 is deleted; Proof of Lemma 3.8 is re-written; Definition 4.4 is deleted; Proposition 4.5 -> Proposition 4.10; Corollary 4.6 -> Corollary 4.11; Proposition 4.9 is deleted; Chapter 5 is merged into the Chapter 4 (Hence, Chapters 6/7/8 -> Chapters 5/6/7); New remark (Remark 6.10) is added after Theorem 6.9 (previously Theorem 7.9)
Clay Mineralogy and Soil Stabilization
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
name: Goodwin, William A.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1951
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This paper attempts to resolve a general concept of soil rheology from the standpoint of clay mineralogy, ion-exchange, properties of clay-water systems, and volume relationships existing between clay-water systems and granular structures. Both theory and experimental data are presented.  In the experimental phase, synthetic soils of varying clay contents were prepared from carefully fractionated soil constituents. These were subjected to combined-stress analyses, tests for plasticity characteristics, and detenninations of other physical properties.
Impact of acute kidney injury on the risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ning, Yunfeng
name: Zou, Xiaoyue
name: Xu, Jing
name: Wang, Xiao
name: Ding, Min
name: Lu, Hulin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: To compare the risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis with and without the associated acute kidney injury (AKI). We performed a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for observational studies that were done on patients with cirrhosis. Eligible studies reported AKI in patients with cirrhosis and compared mortality among patients with and without AKI. We used a random-effects model, using STATA version 16.0, for deriving pooled effect sizes that were reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Thirty-two studies were included. In patients with cirrhosis, AKI was significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality (OR 5.92), and mortality at 30 days (OR 4.78), 90 days (OR 4.34), and at 1 year follow-up (OR 4.82) compared to patients without AKI. AKI is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Careful monitoring to identify the development of AKI and early prompt management is necessary.
HETE-2 Observation of two gamma-ray bursts at z > 3
Creators: name: Atteia, J. -L.
name: Kawai, N.
name: Vanderspek, R.
name: Pizzichini, G.
name: Ricker, G. R.
name: Barraud, C.
name: Boer, M.
name: Braga, J.
name: Butler, N.
name: Cline, T.
name: Crew, G. B.
name: Dezalay, J. -P.
name: Donaghy, T. Q.
name: Doty, J.
name: Fenimore, E. E.
name: Galassi, M.
name: Graziani, C.
name: Hurley, K.
name: Jernigan, J. G.
name: Lamb, D. Q.
name: Levine, A.
name: Manchanda, R.
name: Martel, F.
name: Matsuoka, M.
name: Morgan, E.
name: Nakagawa, Y.
name: Olive, J. -F.
name: Prigozhin, G.
name: Sakamoto, T.
name: Sato, R.
name: Shirasaki, Y.
name: Suzuki, M.
name: Takagishi, K.
name: Tamagawa, T.
name: Torii, K.
name: Villasenor, J.
name: Woosley, S. E.
name: Yamauchi, M.
name: Yoshida, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GRB 020124 and GRB 030323 constitute half the sample of gamma-ray bursts with a measured redshift greater than 3. This paper presents the temporal and spectral properties of these two gamma-ray bursts detected and localized with HETE-2. While they have nearly identical redshifts (z=3.20 for GRB 020124, and z=3.37 for GRB 030323), these two GRBs span about an order of magnitude in fluence, thus sampling distinct regions of the GRB luminosity function. The properties of these two bursts are compared with those of the bulk of the GRB population detected by HETE-2. We also discuss the energetics of GRB 020124 and GRB 030323 and show that they are compatible with the Epeak - Eiso relation discovered by Amati et al. (2002). Finally, we compute the maximum redshifts at which these bursts could have been detected by HETE-2 and we address various issues connected with the detection and localization of high-z GRBs.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ
The importance of galaxy formation histories in models of reionization
Creators: name: Mirocha, Jordan
name: La Plante, Paul
name: Liu, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upcoming galaxy surveys and 21-cm experiments targeting high redshifts $z\gtrsim 6$ are highly complementary probes of galaxy formation and reionization. However, in order to expedite the large volume simulations relevant for 21-cm observations, many models of galaxies within reionization codes are entirely subgrid and/or rely on halo abundances only. In this work, we explore the extent to which resolving and modeling individual galaxy formation histories affects predictions both for the galaxy populations detectable by upcoming surveys and the signatures of reionization accessible to upcoming 21-cm experiments. We find that a common approach, in which galaxy luminosity is assumed to be a function of halo mass only, is biased with respect to models in which galaxy properties are evolved through time via semi-analytic modeling and thus reflective of the diversity of assembly histories that naturally arise in $N$-body simulations. The diversity of galaxy formation histories also results in scenarios in which the brightest galaxies do \textit{not} always reside in the centers of large ionized regions, as there are often relatively low-mass halos undergoing dramatic, but short-term, growth. This has clear implications for attempts to detect or validate the 21-cm background via cross correlation. Finally, we show that a hybrid approach -- in which only halos hosting galaxies bright enough to be detected in surveys are modeled in detail, with the rest modeled as an unresolved field of halos with abundance related to large-scale overdensity -- is a viable way to generate large-volume `simulations` well-suited to wide-area surveys and current-generation 21-cm experiments targeting relatively large $k \lesssim 1 \ h \ \text{Mpc}^{-1}$ scales.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
COOPERATIVE LABOR ALLOCATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Creators: name: Parliament, Claudia
name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zilberman, David
name: Parliament, Claudia
name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zilberman, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Understanding the allocation of labor between collective and private activities within cooperatives has been an issue of interest for economists and policy makers. This paper extends existing literature by incorporating income uncertainty from both private and collective activities, and by assuming that members are risk averse. The analysis suggests a member's labor response to policy parameters can be decomposed into three components: the mean effect, reflecting the labor response under certainty or risk neutrality; the variance effect, reflecting the response to changes in risk; and the wealth effect, reflecting the response to changes in risk aversion associated with changes in wealth. The analysis demonstrates the labor response may be reversed from the certainty or risk neutral case, due to a stronger, opposing variance effect.
Distinguishable RGE running effects between Dirac neutrinos and Majorana neutrinos with vanishing Majorana CP-violating phases
Creators: name: Xing, Zhi-zhong
name: Zhang, He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a novel parametrization of neutrino mixing and in the approximation of $τ$-lepton dominance, we show that the one-loop renormalization-group equations (RGEs) of Dirac neutrinos are different from those of Majorana neutrinos even if two Majorana CP-violating phases vanish. As the latter can keep vanishing from the electroweak scale to the typical seesaw scale, it makes sense to distinguish between the RGE running effects of neutrino mixing parameters in Dirac and Majorana cases. The differences are found to be quite large in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with sizable $\tanβ$, provided the masses of three neutrinos are nearly degenerate or have an inverted hierarchy.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
A COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES FOR CALCULATING THE RATE OF RETURN TO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH USING THE PRODUCTION FUNCTION APPROACH
Creators: name: Davis, Jeffrey S.
name: Davis, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The aim of this paper is to test whether the marginal internal rate of return (MIRR) to research and extension estimates are sensitive to the estimation procedure used to find them. To achieve this, a summary of the previously used estimation procedures is made. Following this a cross section aggregate production function estimate is developed for the U.S. in 1964. The parameter estimates from this model are used to calculate the MIRR's using the different estimation procedures.
Measurement of atomic diffraction phases induced by material gratings
Creators: name: Perreault, John D.
name: Cronin, Alexander D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atom-surface interactions can significantly modify the intensity and phase of atom de Broglie waves diffracted by a silicon nitride grating. This affects the operation of a material grating as a coherent beam splitter. The phase shift induced by diffraction is measured by comparing the relative phases of serveral interfering paths in a Mach-Zehnder Na atom interferometer formed by three material gratings. The values of the diffraction phases are consistent with a simple model which includes a van der Waals atom-surface interaction between the Na atoms and the silicon nitride grating bars.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PRL
Defence against adversarial attacks using classical and quantum-enhanced Boltzmann machines
Creators: name: Kehoe, Aidan
name: Wittek, Peter
name: Xue, Yanbo
name: Pozas-Kerstjens, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide a robust defence to adversarial attacks on discriminative algorithms. Neural networks are naturally vulnerable to small, tailored perturbations in the input data that lead to wrong predictions. On the contrary, generative models attempt to learn the distribution underlying a dataset, making them inherently more robust to small perturbations. We use Boltzmann machines for discrimination purposes as attack-resistant classifiers, and compare them against standard state-of-the-art adversarial defences. We find improvements ranging from 5% to 72% against attacks with Boltzmann machines on the MNIST dataset. We furthermore complement the training with quantum-enhanced sampling from the D-Wave 2000Q annealer, finding results comparable with classical techniques and with marginal improvements in some cases. These results underline the relevance of probabilistic methods in constructing neural networks and highlight a novel scenario of practical relevance where quantum computers, even with limited hardware capabilites, could provide advantages over classical computers. This work is dedicated to the memory of Peter Wittek.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure. V2: Updated to match published version
Applications of the Superconformal Index for Protected Operators and q-Hypergeometric Identities to N=1 Dual Theories
Creators: name: Dolan, F. A.
name: Osborn, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of Romelsberger for a N=1 superconformal index counting protected operators, satisfying a BPS condition and which cannot be combined to form long multiplets, are analysed further. The index is expressible in terms of single particle superconformal characters for N=1 scalar and vector multiplets. For SQCD, involving SU(N_c) gauge groups and appropriate numbers of flavours N_f, the formula used to construct the index may be proved to give identical results for theories linked by Seiberg duality using recently proved theorems for q-series elliptic hypergeometric integrals. The discussion is also extended to Kutasov-Schwimmer dual theories in the large N_c, N_f limit and to dual theories with Sp(N) and SO(N) gauge groups. For the former, a transformation identity for elliptic hypergeometric integrals directly verifies that the index is the same for the electric and magnetic theories. For SO(N) theories the corresponding result may also be obtained from the same basic identity. An expansion of the index to several orders is also obtained in a form where the detailed protected operator content may be read off. Relevant mathematical results are reviewed.
description: 47 pages, uses harvmac, v2. minor corrections, SO(N) cases proved, ref. added, v3. minor additions and corrections
Towards a self-consistent analysis of the anisotropic galaxy two- and three-point correlation functions on large scales: application to mock galaxy catalogues
Creators: name: Sugiyama, Naonori S.
name: Saito, Shun
name: Beutler, Florian
name: Seo, Hee-Jong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a practical method for the joint analysis of anisotropic galaxy two- and three-point correlation functions (2PCF and 3PCF) on the basis of the decomposition formalism of the 3PCF using tri-polar spherical harmonics. We perform such an analysis with MultiDark Patchy mock catalogues to demonstrate and understand the benefit of the anisotropic 3PCF. We focus on scales above $80 h^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}$, and use information from the shape and the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) signals of the 2PCF and 3PCF. We also apply density field reconstruction to increase the signal-noise ratio of BAO in the 2PCF measurement, but not in the 3PCF measurement. In particular, we study in detail the constraints on the angular diameter distance and the Hubble parameter. We build a model of the bispectrum or 3PCF that includes the nonlinear damping of the BAO signal in redshift space. We carefully account for various uncertainties in our analysis including theoretical models of the 3PCF, window function corrections, biases in estimated parameters from the fiducial values, the number of mock realizations to estimate the covariance matrix, and bin size. The joint analysis of the 2PCF and 3PCF monopole and quadrupole components shows a $30\%$ a nd $20\%$ improvement in Hubble parameter constraints before and after reconstruction of the 2PCF measurements, respectively, compared to the 2PCF analysis alone. This study clearly shows that the anisotropic 3PCF increases cosmological information from galaxy surveys and encourages further development of the modeling of the 3PCF on smaller scales than we consider.
description: 36 pages, 18 figures
LAND AND FOOD SUPPLY PROBLEMS IN BANGLADESH
Creators: name: Aziz, Fahima
name: Aziz, Fahima
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This paper will study the problems of food supply and analyze the reasons for the slow growth in the production of foodgrains [in Bangladesh]. The foodgrain distribution system will also be addressed and its role in the food shortage problem of Bangladesh. Past evidence shows that landlordism has obstructed the incentives of the peasants and has depressed the maximum productivity of owner-operated farms. This paper will briefly discuss the history of land reform and the measures undertaken to bring about tenancy reforms in Bangladesh.
Top Compositeness and Precision Unification
Creators: name: Agashe, Kaustubh
name: Contino, Roberto
name: Sundrum, Raman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of Standard Model gauge couplings is studied in a non-supersymmetric scenario in which the hierarchy problem is resolved by Higgs compositeness above the weak scale. It is argued that massiveness of the top quark combined with precision tests of the bottom quark imply that the right-handed top must also be composite. If, further, the Standard Model gauge symmetry is embedded into a simple subgroup of the unbroken composite-sector flavor symmetry, then precision coupling unification is shown to occur at~10^{15} GeV, to a degree comparable to supersymmetric unification.
description: v2: few extra comments added; slightly shorter version published in PRL
Quantum communication capacity transition of complex quantum networks
Creators: name: Zhuang, Quntao
name: Zhang, Bingzhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum network is the key to enable distributed quantum information processing. As the single-link communication rate decays exponentially with the distance, to enable reliable end-to-end quantum communication, the number of nodes needs to grow with the network scale. For highly connected networks, we identify a threshold transition in the capacity as the density of network nodes increases---below a critical density, the rate is almost zero, while above the threshold the rate increases linearly with the density. Surprisingly, above the threshold the typical communication capacity between two nodes is independent of the distance between them, due to multi-path routing enabled by the quantum network. In contrast, for less connected networks such as scale-free networks, the end-to-end capacity saturates to constants as the number of nodes increases, and always decays with the distance. Our results are based on capacity evaluations, therefore the minimum density requirement for an appreciable capacity applies to any general protocols of quantum networks.
description: 11 pages 13 figures
Vibratory Compaction of Base Courses
Creators: name: Kentucky Highway Materials Research Laboratory
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1951
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Early this month, on a field trip with Mike Logan of tho Bureau of Public Roads and R. D. Medley, Asst. Director of Design, I had an opportunity to look over a project in Ohio where a vibratory method of compaction was being used in tho construction of a macadam base course, This type of compaction is relatively new, it having been tried for the first time in this country about four years ago, To my knowledge, the first published report on the procedure was made in the Proceedings of the Highway Research Board, Volume 27, page 148, 1947.  This report, by Messrs. Allen and Linzell, entitled "Use of Vibration In Placing Screenings In Macadam Bases" described the two types of machines which were tried experimentally, and illustrated some of the results.
U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH DEFLATORS: 1890-1985
Creators: name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Craig, Barbara J.
name: Hallaway, Michelle L.
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Craig, Barbara J.
name: Hallaway, Michelle L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Using newly developed time series on U.S. public sector agricultural research expenditures, two new deflators for agricultural research are constructed. These deflators differ from others currently used in the literature in that factor level price indices are weighted with time varying weights which capture the shifting factor mix of research spending by the state agricultural experiment stations (SAES). The substantial differences in measuring real resource allocation to agricultural research using these deflators and alternatives found in the literature, including that used by the National Science Foundation to report official R&D statistics, are demonstrated. In addition, the factor level expenditure series are used to contrast measurement of resource allocation in agricultural research from 1890 to the present using real research service flows as opposed to real research expenditures.
Phase diagrams of soluble multi-spin glass models
Creators: name: Muzy, P. T.
name: Vieira, A. P.
name: Salinas, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We include p-spin interactions in a spherical version of a soluble mean-field spin-glass model proposed by van Hemmen. Due to the simplicity of the solutions, which do not require the use of the replica trick, we are able to carry out a detailed investigation of a number of special situations. For p larger or equal to 3, there appear first-order transitions between the paramagnetic and the ordered phases. In the presence of additional ferromagnetic interactions, we show that there is no stable mixed phase, with both ferromagnetic and spin-glass properties.
description: To appear in Physica A
Comparative Study of the Physical Properties of Traffic Paints
Creators: name: Peed, A. C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1951
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Traffic or zone paints have become a major item of expenditure for highway departments with their increasing mileages and with the increase in traffic using the highways. Extending the mileage requiring marking and increasing the traffic wear on the marking has necessitated successively larger purchases of paint and associated equipment. As this market became larger increasing numbers of manufacturers have entered the field with a great diversity of formulations having differing properties.  In order to bring some order out of this situation the Research Laboratory in cooperation with the Division of Traffic undertook a study of the paints as offered by some of the principal producers. Toward this end one-gallon samples of such paints as the producers deemed worthy of consideration were procured - some were purchased and some were donated. The choice was left to the discretion of the manufacturer in order to assure procurement of paints which are currently in production and which the maker would like to sell. Previous experience with samples obtained from brokers and distributers has indicated that they are not reliable sources of either fresh samples or the latest formulations. This procedure, of course, leads to the possibility of obtaining "hand-picked" or laboratory made paints which are better than production runs of the same formula. Any apprehension on this point can be relieved by further testing of any paints purchased in quantity to assure their compliance with specifications and performance of the original specimen.
Detecting anomaly in vector boson scattering
Creators: name: Li, Jinmian
name: Yang, Shuo
name: Zhang, Rao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the vector boson scattering (VBS) precisely is an important step towards understanding the electroweak symmetry breaking of the standard model (SM) and detecting new physics beyond the SM. We propose a neural network which compress the features of the VBS into three dimensional latent space. The consistency of the SM prediction and the experimental data is tested by the binned log-likelihood analysis in the latent space. We will show that the network is capable of distinguish different polarization modes of $WWjj$ production in both dileptonic channel and semi-leptonic channel. The method is also applied to constrain the effective field theory and two Higgs Doublet Model. The results demonstrate that the method is sensitive to generic new physics contributing to the VBS.
description: 23 panges, 12 figures, to be published in Chinese Physics C
Assessment of the Visa-A questionnaire for Achilles tendinopathy and its correlation with imaging
Creators: name: Robinson, Jennifer Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Background: Because Achilles tendon disorders, which are common, have a significant morbidity among athletes, further research into efficacious treatments is necessary. Yet there is a lack of objective or quantifiable outcome measurement tools. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to investigate outcome measurement tools used in Achilles tendinopathy research. In particular clinical measures that quantify the severity of the patient's condition and ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were examined. Methods: A 3-month prospective study was done. Participants: Forty five consecutive patients (27 men, 18 women; mean age 42 years, range 20-66 years) with 57 symptomatic and 33 asymptomatic Achilles tendons (mean duration 21 months, range 0.5 - 120 months) were admitted to the study. Results: The VISA-A questionnaire had construct validity. The VISA-A scores of the 45 subjects correlated significantly (p<0.01) with their scores on two other clinical severity grading systems. There was also a significant difference in scores among the 45 symptomatic subjects (mean 63.75 ± 16.81) compared to the VISA-A scores of 66 asymptomatic University students (mean 95.95 ± 7.41) (p<0.01). The test-retest reliability was 0.930, the interrater reliability was 0.903, the intrarater reliability was 0.903 and the short term reliability was 0.805. Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 0.65 and specificity of 0.67 and an overall accuracy of 0.66. The addition of colour and power doppler interrogation did not enhance the accuracy of US. MRI had a sensitivity of 0.56, a specificity of 0.94 and an overall accuracy of 0.68. At 3 month follow up 7 of the 45 patients had improved, 37 remained the same and 1 had worsened. Only the baseline VISA-A score correlated with the 3 month results (p<0.01) neither US nor MRI was able to differentiate between cases that would improve and those that would worsen. Conclusion: The VISA-A index of severity for Achilles tendon disorders offers a valid, reliable and quantifiable outcome measurement tool useful clinically and in research. Imaging lacked sensitivity and therefore not suitable as an outcome measure. Neither imaging modality proved more accurate but because of the cost and accessibility US would be preferred when imaging is required.
Spherical Lens Optics Applied to Retro-Directive Reflection
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
name: Peed, Allie C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1951
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This paper describes some expedient applications of elementary optical principles to the evaluation of glass-bead reflectorizing systems for highway signs and markers. 'The optical function of spherical lenses in achieving reflex-reflection is illustrated both photographically and diagrammatically. Various optical designs are discussed and analyzed. By simple geometric optics, the efficiency of these systems is correlated with the practical performance criteria for retro-directive reflectorization.
A large deviation inequality for vector functions on finite reversible Markov Chains
Creators: name: Kargin, Vladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J10, 60F10 (Primary)

description: Let $S_N$ be the sum of vector-valued functions defined on a finite Markov chain. An analogue of the Bernstein--Hoeffding inequality is derived for the probability of large deviations of $S_N$ and relates the probability to the spectral gap of the Markov chain. Examples suggest that this inequality is better than alternative inequalities if the chain has a sufficiently large spectral gap and the function is high-dimensional.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051607000000078 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
GRAIN RESERVES AND PRICE STABILIZATION
Creators: name: Danin, Yigal
name: Danin, Yigal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Demand and Price Analysis

description: This staff paper describes research on grain reserve stocks as a means of achieving price stability. It is assumed that price stabilization is desirable and the question of desirability is not investigated in this study. The paper is divided into two parts: Part I: Concept and Measurement of Price Instability and a Model of Price-Stocks relations Part II: A Model of Optimal Buffer Stocks for Price Stabilization -- Theory and Computation
THE ADOPTION OF HIGH YIELDING WHEATS IN TUNISIA
Creators: name: Purvis, Malcolm J.
name: Purvis, Malcolm J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1972
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Since 1966 strenuous efforts have been made to introduce into Tunisia some of the new high yielding wheat varieties in order to accelerate cereals production. This paper seeks to analyze some of the data now available on the new wheats in Tunisia and to explore some of the economic problems of increased cereals production with these varieties.
TECHNOLOGY, POLICIES, AND THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN THE GLOBAL POULTRY REVOLUTION
Creators: name: Narrod, Clare A.
name: Narrod, Clare A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Industrial Organization
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on impacts, for example, in terms of increased demands for feedgrains and the pressures for change within marketing systems? A supply-side response has been the continued development of large-scale, urban-based industrial livestock production systems that in many cases give rise to environmental concerns. If additional imports seem required, where will they originate and what about food security in the importing regions? How might market access conditions be re-negotiated to make increased imports achievable? Other important issues discussed involved food safety, animal health and welfare and the adoption of biotechnology, and their interactions with the negotiation of reforms to domestic and trade policies. Individual papers from this conference are available on AgEcon Search. If you would like to see the complete agenda and set of papers from this conference, please visit the IATRC Symposium web page at: http://www1.umn.edu/iatrc.intro.htm
Jam-avoiding adaptive cruise control (ACC) and its impact on traffic dynamics
Creators: name: Kesting, Arne
name: Treiber, Martin
name: Schönhof, Martin
name: Kranke, Florian
name: Helbing, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adaptive-Cruise Control (ACC) automatically accelerates or decelerates a vehicle to maintain a selected time gap, to reach a desired velocity, or to prevent a rear-end collision. To this end, the ACC sensors detect and track the vehicle ahead for measuring the actual distance and speed difference. Together with the own velocity, these input variables are exactly the same as in car-following models. The focus of this contribution is: What will be the impact of a spreading of ACC systems on the traffic dynamics? Do automated driving strategies have the potential to improve the capacity and stability of traffic flow or will they necessarily increase the heterogeneity and instability? How does the result depend on the ACC equipment level? We discuss microscopic modeling aspects for human and automated (ACC) driving. By means of microscopic traffic simulations, we study how a variable percentage of ACC-equipped vehicles influences the stability of traffic flow, the maximum flow under free traffic conditions until traffic breaks down, and the dynamic capacity of congested traffic. Furthermore, we compare different percentages of ACC with respect to travel times in a specific congestion scenario. Remarkably, we find that already a small amount of ACC equipped cars and, hence, a marginally increased free and dynamic capacity, leads to a drastic reduction of traffic congestion.
description: Contribution to Traffic and Granular Flow '05 (Berlin), see http://tgf05.uni-koeln.de/