cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Universal map of gas-dependent kinetic selectivity in carbon nanotube growth
Creators: name: Otsuka, K.
name: Ishimaru, R.
name: Kobayashi, A.
name: Inoue, T.
name: Xiang, R.
name: Chiashi, S.
name: Kato, Y. K.
name: Maruyama, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-walled carbon nanotubes have been a candidate for outperforming silicon in ultrascaled transistors, but the realization of nanotube-based integrated circuits requires dense arrays of purely semiconducting species. Control over kinetics and thermodynamics in tube-catalyst systems plays a key role for direct growth of such nanotube arrays, and further progress requires the comprehensive understanding of seemingly contradictory reports on the growth kinetics. Here, we propose a universal kinetic model and provide its quantitative verification by ethanol-based isotope labeling experiments. While the removal of carbon from catalysts dominates the growth kinetics under a low supply of precursors, our kinetic model and experiments demonstrate that chirality-dependent growth rates emerge when sufficient amounts of carbon and etching agents are co-supplied. As the model can be extended to create kinetic maps as a function of gas compositions, our findings resolve discrepancies in literature and offer rational strategies for chirality selective growth for practical applications.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Stabilization of the G-quadruplex at the VEGF IRES represses cap-independent translation
Creators: name: Cammas, Anne
name: Dubrac, Alexandre
name: Morel, Benjamin
name: Assala Lamaa
name: Touriol, Christian
name: Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
name: Prats, Hervé
name: Millevoi, Stefania
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cancer
Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Pharmacology
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry
Biophysics

description: The activation of translation contributes to malignant transformation and is an emerging target for cancer therapies. RNA G-quadruplex structures are general inhibitors of cap-dependent mRNA translation and were recently shown to be targeted for oncoprotein translational activation. In contrast however, the G-quadruplex within the 5'UTR of the human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) has been shown to be essential for IRES-mediated translation. Since VEGF has a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis and is a major target of anti-tumoral therapies, we investigated the structure/function relationship of the VEGF G-quadruplex and defined whether it could have a therapeutic potential. We found that the G-quadruplex within the VEGF IRES is dispensable for cap-independent function and activation in stress conditions. However, stabilization of the VEGF G-quadruplex by increasing the G-stretches length or by replacing it with the one of NRAS results in strong inhibition of IRES-mediated translation of VEGF. We also demonstrate that G-quadruplex ligands stabilize the VEGF G-quadruplex and inhibit cap-independent translation in vitro. Importantly, the amount of human VEGF mRNA associated with polysomes decreases in the presence of a highly selective stabilizing G-quadruplex ligand, resulting in reduced VEGF protein expression. Together, our results uncover the existence of functionally silent G-quadruplex structures that are susceptible to conversion into efficient repressors of cap-independent mRNA translation. These findings have implications for the in vivo applications of G-quadruplex-targeting compounds and for anti-angiogenic therapies.
Self-consistent modelling of the dust component in protoplanetary and circumplanetary disks: the case of PDS 70
Creators: name: Portilla-Revelo, B.
name: Kamp, I.
name: Rab, Ch.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Keppler, M.
name: Min, M.
name: Muro-Arena, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct observations of young stellar objects are important to test established theories of planet formation. PDS 70 is one of the few cases where robust evidence favours the presence of two planetary mass companions inside the gap of the transition disk. Those planets are believed to be going through the last stages of accretion from the protoplanetary disk, a process likely mediated by a circumplanetary disk (CPD). We aim to develop a three dimensional radiative transfer model for the dust component of the PDS 70 system which reproduces the system's global features observed at two different wavelengths: 855 $μ\, \mathrm{m}$ with ALMA and 1.25 $μ\, \mathrm{m}$ with VLT/SPHERE. We use this model to investigate the physical properties of the planetary companion PDS 70 c and its potential circumplanetary disk. We select initial values for the physical properties of the planet and CPD through appropriate assumptions about the nature and evolutionary stage of the object. We modify iteratively the properties of the protoplanetary disk until the predictions retrieved from the model are consistent with both data sets. We provide a model that jointly explains the global features of the PDS 70 system seen in submillimeter and polarised-scattered light. Our model suggests that spatial segregation of dust grains is present in the protoplanetary disk. The submillimeter modelling of the PDS 70 c source favours the presence of an optically thick CPD and places an upper limit to its dust mass of 0.7 $M_\oplus$. Furthermore, analysis of the thermal structure of the CPD demonstrates that the planet luminosity is the dominant heating mechanism of dust grains inside 0.6 au from the planet while heating by stellar photons dominates at larger planetocentric distances.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
Effects of arsenic on reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system in tomato plants
Creators: name: Singh, Vivek Kumar
name: Upadhyay, Ram Sanmukh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology

description: In this study, the generation of reactive oxygen species, the induction of oxidative stress, and the response of the antioxidative system in hydroponically grown tomato plants as the cause of arsenic-induced phytotoxicity are investigated. Reduction in plant growth was measured in terms of dry weight and length of roots and shoots, the latter accumulating more arsenic than the roots. The treatment resulted in increased formation of superoxide anion (O2.−), H2O2, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which indicate augmented lipid peroxidation. Superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase activities were increased in arsenic-treated tomato plants while CAT activity was insignificantly increased.
Structural tunability and origin of two-level systems in amorphous silicon
Creators: name: Jacks, H. C.
name: Molina-Ruiz, M.
name: Weber, M. H.
name: Maldonis, J. J.
name: Voyles, P. M.
name: Metcalf, T. H.
name: Liu, X.
name: Hellman, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amorphous silicon films prepared by electron beam evaporation have systematically and substantially greater atomic density for higher thickness, higher growth temperature, and slower deposition rate, reaching the density of crystalline Si when films of thickness greater than ~300 nm are grown at 425 $^{\circ}$C and at <1 $Å$/sec. A combination of spectroscopic techniques provide insight into atomic disorder, local strains, dangling bonds, and nanovoids. Electron diffraction shows that the short-range order of the amorphous silicon is similar at all growth temperatures, but fluctuation electron microscopy shows that films grown above room-temperature show a form of medium-range order not previously observed in amorphous silicon. Atomic disorder and local strain obtained from Raman spectroscopy reduce with increasing growth temperature and show a non-monotonic dependence on thickness. Dangling bond density decreases with increasing growth temperature and is only mildly dependent on thickness. Positron annihilation Doppler broadening spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy show that nanovoids, and not density variations within the network, are responsible for reduced atomic density. Specific heat and mechanical loss measurements, which quantify the density of tunneling two-level systems, in combination with the structural data, suggest that two-level systems in amorphous silicon films are associated with nanovoids and their surroundings; which are in essence loosely bonded regions where atoms are less constrained.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures
$Δ$-MILP: Deep Space Network Scheduling via Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
Creators: name: Claudet, Thomas
name: Alimo, Ryan
name: Goh, Edwin
name: Johnston, Mark
name: Madani, Ramtin
name: Wilson, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper introduces $Δ$-MILP, a powerful variant of the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization framework to solve NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) scheduling problem. This work is an extension of our original MILP framework (DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3064928) and inherits many of its constructions and strengths, including the base MILP formulation for DSN scheduling. To provide more feasible schedules with respect to the DSN requirements, $Δ$-MILP incorporates new sets of constraints including 1) splitting larger tracks into shorter segments and 2) preventing overlapping between tracks on different antennas. Additionally, $Δ$-MILP leverages a heuristic to balance mission satisfaction and allows to prioritize certain missions in special scenarios including emergencies and landings. Numerical validations demonstrate that $Δ$-MILP now satisfies 100% of the requested constraints and provides fair schedules amongst missions with respect to the state-of-the-art for the most oversubscribed weeks of the years 2016 and 2018.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables, 2 algorithms
Palaeodawsonocerina Kroger & Isakar 2006
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Orthocerida
Dawsonoceratidae
Palaeodawsonocerina

description: Genus Palaeodawsonocerina Kröger & Isakar, 2006
Type species
Spyroceras senckenbergi Teichert, 1930, from Lyckholm, Estonia; “Lyckholm stage” of Teichert (1930), Vormsi/Pirgu Regional Stage, late Katian, Late Ordovician.
Diagnosis
Straight or slightly cyrtoconic, circular or subcircular shell, with prominent, narrowly spaced annulations, growth lines and numerous subordinate filiform longitudinally raised lines, producing a finely reticulate pattern. Siphuncle central or slightly eccentric, slightly expanded, with achoanitic to very short orthochoanitic septal necks. Apex blunt, slightly cyrtoconic, annulated. (From Kröger & Isakar 2006.)
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2013, The cephalopods of the Boda Limestone, Late Ordovician, of Dalarna, Sweden, pp. 1-110 in European Journal of Taxonomy 41 on page 34, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.41, http://zenodo.org/record/3814221
Exposures and Health Outcomes in Relation to Bioaerosol Emissions From Composting Facilities: A Systematic Review of Occupational and Community Studies
Creators: name: Robertson, Sarah
name: Gant, Timothy W.
name: Hansell, Anna L.
name: Pearson, Clare
name: Littlewood, Emma
name: Douglas, Philippa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Science Policy
Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Biotechnology
Medicine

description: The number of composting sites in Europe is rapidly increasing, due to efforts to reduce the fraction of waste destined for landfill, but evidence on possible health impacts is limited. This article systematically reviews studies related to bioaerosol exposures within and near composting facilities and associated health effects in both community and occupational health settings. Six electronic databases and bibliographies from January 1960 to July 2014 were searched for studies reporting on health outcomes and/or bioaerosol emissions related to composting sites. Risk of bias was assessed using a customized score. Five hundred and thirty-six papers were identified and reviewed, and 66 articles met the inclusion criteria (48 exposure studies, 9 health studies, 9 health and exposure studies). Exposure information was limited, with most measurements taken in occupational settings and for limited time periods. Bioaerosol concentrations were highest on-site during agitation activities (turning, shredding, and screening). Six studies detected concentrations of either Aspergillus fumigatus or total bacteria above the English Environment Agency’s recommended threshold levels beyond 250 m from the site. Occupational studies of compost workers suggested elevated risks of respiratory illnesses with higher bioaerosol exposures. Elevated airway irritation was reported in residents near composting sites, but this may have been affected by reporting bias. The evidence base on health effects of bioaerosol emissions from composting facilities is still limited, although there is sufficient evidence to support a precautionary approach for regulatory purposes. While data to date are suggestive of possible respiratory effects, further study is needed to confirm this and to explore other health outcomes.
Palaeodawsonocerina senckenbergi
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Orthocerida
Dawsonoceratidae
Palaeodawsonocerina
Palaeodawsonocerina senckenbergi

description: Palaeodawsonocerina senckenbergi (Teichert, 1930)
Figs 12A, 18C
Spyroceras senckenbergi Teichert, 1930: 280, pl. 5, figs 3, 4.
Palaeodawsonocerina senckenbergi – Kröger & Isakar 2006: 154, figs 8a, 10i, 12d-e, 12h (with synonymy).
non Spyroceras senckenbergi – Dzik 1984: 122, 125, pl. 35, fig. 5, text-figs 48a, 49.20.
Diagnosis
Straight, slightly compressed conch with very low apical angle of approximately 1°–2°; adult dorsoventral diameter approximately 25 mm; with five to six annulations at a distance that equates to the corresponding shell diameter in adult specimens; annulations straight or very slightly oblique toward the growth direction and regularly spaced; very fine growth lines, about 50 in a cycle of annulation; very fine longitudinal striae or raised lines, about five to seven per millimetre; suture line follows the ridges of the annulations; siphuncle central, slightly expanded within the chambers; septal perforation about 0.07 of the shell diameter. (From Kröger & Isakar 2006.)
Type locality and horizon
Lyckholm, Estonia, “Lyckholm stage” of Teichert (1930), Vormsi/Pirgu Regional Stage, late Katian, Late Ordovician.
Material examined
Seven specimens (PMU 26718–26724), Kallholn; two specimens (PMU 26725–26726), Osmundsberget, Siljan District, Sweden; all Boda Limestone, Boda Core Member, late Katian, Late Ordovician.
Remarks
This species was described in detail by Kröger & Isakar (2006). The material from the Boda Limestone reveals information regarding the ornamentation. PMU 26718 reveals that the annuli are sharply crested and symmetrical in longitudinal cross section (Figs 12A, 18C). The longitudinal ornamentation consists of fine raised lirae, ca. 0.5 mm apart where the conch diameter is 16 mm. Additional, faint, directly transverse growth lines occur that are more pronounced in mature growth stages. The largest specimen from the Boda Limestone is 25 mm in diameter (PMU 26724) and supports an earlier assessment (Kröger & Isakar 2006) that the diameter at maturity of individuals of this species is ca. 25 mm.
Stratigraphic and geographic range
Keila/Vormsi Regional Stages, Estonia (Kröger & Isakar 2006); Boda Limestone, Siljan District, Sweden; Katian, Ordovician.
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2013, The cephalopods of the Boda Limestone, Late Ordovician, of Dalarna, Sweden, pp. 1-110 in European Journal of Taxonomy 41 on pages 34-36, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.41, http://zenodo.org/record/3814221
Increasing stability in the linearized inverse Schrödinger potential problem with power type nonlinearities
Creators: name: Lu, Shuai
name: Salo, Mikko
name: Xu, Boxi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider increasing stability in the inverse Schrödinger potential problem with power type nonlinearities at a large wavenumber. Two linearization approaches, with respect to small boundary data and small potential function, are proposed and their performance on the inverse Schrödinger potential problem is investigated. It can be observed that higher order linearization for small boundary data can provide an increasing stability for an arbitrary power type nonlinearity term if the wavenumber is chosen large. Meanwhile, linearization with respect to the potential function leads to increasing stability for a quadratic nonlinearity term, which highlights the advantage of nonlinearity in solving the inverse Schrödinger potential problem. Noticing that both linearization approaches can be numerically approximated, we provide several reconstruction algorithms for the quadratic and general power type nonlinearity terms, where one of these algorithms is designed based on boundary measurements of multiple wavenumbers. Several numerical examples shed light on the efficiency of our proposed algorithms.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures
Prospects for kSZ$^2$-Galaxy Cross-Correlations during Reionization
Creators: name: La Plante, Paul
name: Sipple, Jackson
name: Lidz, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a new approach for extracting reionization-era contributions to the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect. Our method utilizes the cross-power spectrum between filtered and squared maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and photometric galaxy surveys during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). This kSZ$^2$-galaxy cross-power spectrum statistic has been successfully detected at lower redshifts ($z \lesssim 1.5$). Here we extend this method to $z \gtrsim 6$ as a potential means to extract signatures of patchy reionization. We model the expected signal across multiple photometric redshift bins using semi-numeric simulations of the reionization process. In principle, the cross-correlation statistic robustly extracts reionization-era contributions to the kSZ signal, while its redshift evolution yields valuable information regarding the timing of reionization. Specifically, the model cross-correlation signal near $\ell \sim 1,000$ peaks during the early stages of the EoR, when about 20% of the volume of the universe is ionized. Detectible $\ell$ modes mainly reflect squeezed triangle configurations of the related bispectrum, quantifying correlations between the galaxy overdensity field on large scales and the smaller-scale kSZ power. We forecast the prospects for detecting this signal using future wide-field samples of Lyman-break galaxies from the Roman Space Telescope and next-generation CMB surveys including the Simons Observatory, CMB-S4, and CMB-HD. We find that a roughly 13$σ$ detection is possible for CMB-HD and Roman after summing over all $\ell$ modes. We discuss the possibilities for improving this approach and related statistics, with the aim of moving beyond simple detections to measure the scale and redshift dependence of the cross-correlation signals.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, published in ApJ
Year-round territoriality in long-lived birds: rethinking the concept of carrying capacity
Creators: name: Loewenthal, Douglas
name: Paijmans, Dane M
name: Hockey, Philip AR
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Adult African Black Oystercatchers Haematopus moquini are sedentary and territorial year round, with juveniles expressing strong natal philopatry. At four South African study sites (two mainland and two islands) breeding numbers more than doubled between the late 1970s/early 1980s and 2005 in response to improved protection and increased food availability, providing large-scale, natural experiments that could not have been simulated by manipulation. Oystercatcher population increases did not occur at constant rates – in each case breeding numbers remained stable for long periods both before and after periods of rapid population increases. At all sites, patterns of stability and change in breeding densities could be explained by (1) territorial adults reducing average territory size in a delayed response to improved resources, and (2) a resultant rapid influx of previously excluded sexually mature birds into new breeding territories. Our results bring into question whether a minimum territory size (and associated maximum breeding density) is ever reached as a result of competitor-induced territorial compression. Thus, for shorebird populations limited at high densities by interference competition, we suggest that it is most realistic to use equilibrium numbers (ultimately due to a balance between birth and death rates) as a basis to define carrying capacity.
Quantum magnonics: when magnon spintronics meets quantum information science
Creators: name: Yuan, H. Y.
name: Cao, Yunshan
name: Kamra, Akashdeep
name: Duine, Rembert A.
name: Yan, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spintronics and quantum information science are two promising candidates for innovating information processing technologies. The combination of these two fields enables us to build solid-state platforms for studying quantum phenomena and for realizing multi-functional quantum tasks. For a long time, however, the intersection of these two fields was limited. This situation has changed significantly over the last few years because of the remarkable progress in coding and processing information using magnons. On the other hand, significant advances in understanding the entanglement of quasi-particles and in designing high-quality qubits and photonic cavities for quantum information processing provide physical platforms to integrate magnons with quantum systems. From these endeavours, the highly interdisciplinary field of quantum magnonics emerges, which combines spintronics, quantum optics and quantum information science.Here, we give an overview of the recent developments concerning the quantum states of magnons and their hybridization with mature quantum platforms. First, we review the basic concepts of magnons and quantum entanglement and discuss the generation and manipulation of quantum states of magnons, such as single-magnon states, squeezed states and quantum many-body states including Bose-Einstein condensation and the resulting spin superfluidity. We discuss how magnonic systems can be integrated and entangled with quantum platforms including cavity photons, superconducting qubits, nitrogen-vacancy centers, and phonons for coherent information transfer and collaborative information processing. The implications of these hybrid quantum systems for non-Hermitian physics and parity-time symmetry are highlighted, together with applications in quantum memories and high-precision measurements. Finally, we present an outlook on the opportunities in quantum magnonics.
description: 93 pages, 35 figures, Physics Reports (in press)
A Fault Location Method Using Direct Convolution: Electromagnetic Time Reversal or Not Reversal
Creators: name: Wang, Guanbo
name: Zhuang, Chijie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) is drawing increasing interest in short-circuit fault location. In this letter, we investigate the classic EMTR fault location methods and find that it is not necessary to reverse the obtained signal in time which is a standard operation in these methods before injecting it into the network. The effectiveness of EMTR fault location method results from the specific similarity of the transfer functions in the forward and reverse processes. Therefore, we can inject an arbitrary type and length of source in the reverse process to locate the fault. Based on this observation, we propose a new EMTR fault location method using direct convolution. This method is different from the traditional methods, and it only needs to pre-calculate the assumed fault transients for a given network, which can be stored in embedded hardware. The faults can be located efficiently via direct convolution of the signal collected from a fault and the pre-stored calculated transients, even using a fraction of the fault signal.
Near-optimal covariant quantum error-correcting codes from random unitaries with symmetries
Creators: name: Kong, Linghang
name: Liu, Zi-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum error correction and symmetries play central roles in quantum information science and physics. It is known that quantum error-correcting codes that obey (are covariant with respect to) continuous symmetries in a certain sense cannot correct erasure errors perfectly (a well-known result in this regard being the Eastin-Knill theorem in the context of fault-tolerant quantum computing), in contrast to the case without symmetry constraints. Furthermore, several quantitative fundamental limits on the accuracy of such covariant codes for approximate quantum error correction are known. Here, we consider the quantum error correction capability of uniformly random covariant codes. In particular, we analytically study the most essential cases of $U(1)$ and $SU(d)$ symmetries, and show that for both symmetry groups the error of the covariant codes generated by Haar-random symmetric unitaries, i.e., unitaries that commute with the group actions, typically scale as $O(n^{-1})$ in terms of both the average- and worst-case purified distances against erasure noise, saturating the fundamental limits to leading order. We note that the results hold for symmetric variants of unitary 2-designs, and comment on the convergence problem of symmetric random circuits. Our results not only indicate (potentially efficient) randomized constructions of optimal $U(1)$- and $SU(d)$-covariant codes, but also reveal fundamental properties of random symmetric unitaries, which yield important solvable models of complex quantum systems (including black holes and many-body spin systems) that have attracted great recent interest in quantum gravity and condensed matter physics. We expect our construction and analysis to find broad relevance in both physics and quantum computing.
description: 25 pages. Close to the published version. Features both U(1) and SU(d). Supersedes 2102.11835
Error-rate-agnostic decoding of topological stabilizer codes
Creators: name: Hammar, Karl
name: Orekhov, Alexei
name: Hybelius, Patrik Wallin
name: Wisakanto, Anna Katariina
name: Srivastava, Basudha
name: Kockum, Anton Frisk
name: Granath, Mats
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient high-performance decoding of topological stabilizer codes has the potential to crucially improve the balance between logical failure rates and the number and individual error rates of the constituent qubits. High-threshold maximum-likelihood decoders require an explicit error model for Pauli errors to decode a specific syndrome, whereas lower-threshold heuristic approaches such as minimum weight matching are "error agnostic". Here we consider an intermediate approach, formulating a decoder that depends on the bias, i.e., the relative probability of phase-flip to bit-flip errors, but is agnostic to error rate. Our decoder is based on counting the number and effective weight of the most likely error chains in each equivalence class of a given syndrome. We use Metropolis-based Monte Carlo sampling to explore the space of error chains and find unique chains, that are efficiently identified using a hash table. Using the error-rate invariance the decoder can sample chains effectively at an error rate which is higher than the physical error rate and without the need for "thermalization" between chains in different equivalence classes. Applied to the surface code and the XZZX code, the decoder matches maximum-likelihood decoders for moderate code sizes or low error rates. We anticipate that, because of the compressed information content per syndrome, it can be taken full advantage of in combination with machine-learning methods to extrapolate Monte Carlo-generated data.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures; V2 Added analysis of low error-rate performance
Accumulation of magnetoelastic bosons in yttrium iron garnet: kinetic theory and wave vector resolved Brillouin light scattering
Creators: name: Hahn, Viktor
name: Frey, Pascal
name: Serga, Alexander A.
name: Vasyuchka, Vitaliy I.
name: Hillebrands, Burkard
name: Kopietz, Peter
name: Rückriegel, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive and solve quantum kinetic equations describing the accumulation of magnetoelastic bosons in an overpopulated magnon gas realized in a thin film of the magnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet. We show that in the presence of a magnon condensate, there is a non-equilibrium steady state in which incoherent magnetoelastic bosons accumulate in a narrow region in momentum space for energies slightly below the bottom of the magnon spectrum. The results of our calculations agree quite well with Brillouin light scattering measurements of the stationary non-equilibrium state of magnons and magnetoelastic bosons in yttrium iron garnet.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures repeated simulations with different parameter values, new figures
Management manual for stone pine
Creators: name: Ganado, Montserrat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Farming/Forestry competitiveness and diversification
Climate and climate change
Pest/disease control
Adaptation to climate change

description: The OG PINEA project in Spain provides guidelines for managing stone pine forests to improve pine nut production. It defines three stand types and emphasizes consulting forestry experts for specific management. This manual is an introduction for practitioners, with further work needed.
Signatures of the Many Supermassive Black Hole Mergers in a Cosmologically Forming Massive Early-Type Galaxy
Creators: name: Mannerkoski, Matias
name: Johansson, Peter H.
name: Rantala, Antti
name: Naab, Thorsten
name: Liao, Shihong
name: Rawlings, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model here the merger histories of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) population in the late stages of a cosmological simulation of a $\sim 2 \times 10^{13} M_\odot$ galaxy group. The gravitational dynamics around the several tens of SMBHs ($M_{\bullet} \gtrsim 7.5\times 10^7 M_\odot$) hosted by the galaxies in the group is computed at high accuracy using regularized integration with the KETJU code. The 11 SMBHs which form binaries and hierarchical triplets eventually merge after hardening through dynamical friction, stellar scattering, and gravitational wave (GW) emission. The binaries form at eccentricities of $e \sim 0.3$-$0.9$, with one system evolving to a very high eccentricity of $e = 0.998$, and merge on timescales of a few tens to several hundred megayears. During the simulation the merger-induced GW recoil kicks eject one SMBH remnant from the central host galaxy. This temporarily drives the galaxy off the $M_{\bullet}$-$σ_{\star}$ relation, however the galaxy returns to the relation due to subsequent galaxy mergers, which bring in new SMBHs. This showcases a possible mechanism contributing to the observed scatter of the $M_{\bullet}$-$σ_{\star}$ relation. Finally, we show that Pulsar Timing Arrays and LISA would be able to detect parts of the GW signals from the SMBH mergers that occur during the $\sim 4\,\mathrm{Gyr}$ time span simulated with KETJU.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Accepted to ApJ. Added extended discussion and more detail on the properties of the simulated galaxies
Evidence for anisotropic quenching in massive galaxy clusters at $z\approx0.5$
Creators: name: Stott, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent observational result finds that the quenching of satellites in groups at $z=0.08$ has an angular dependence relative to the semi-major axis of the central galaxy. This observation is described as `anisotropic quenching' or `angular conformity'. In this paper I study the variation in the colour of a mass limited sample of satellite galaxies relative to their angle from the major axis of the Brightest Cluster Galaxy in the CLASH clusters up to $z\sim0.5$, 4 Gyr further in lookback time. The same result is found: galaxies close to the major axis are more quenched than those along the minor axis. I also find that the star-forming galaxies tend to avoid a region +/-45 degrees from the major axis. This quenching signal is thought to be driven by AGN outflows along the minor axis, reducing the density of the intergalactic medium and thus the strength of ram pressure. Here I will discuss potential alternative mechanisms. Finally, I note that the advent of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and Euclid surveys will allow for a more detailed study of this phenomenon and its evolution.
description: This has been edited by the author to match the accepted version
'Religion' in Late Antique Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism: Developing a Term in Counterpoint
Creators: name: Rezania, Kianoosh
Publisher: name: Entangled Religions
Year: 2020

description: This article evaluates the development of a generic term for ‘religion’ in late antique Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism. It examines linguistic indications of the use of dēn/δēn as a generic term in the Manichaean Middle Iranian corpora, i.e. Middle Persian, Parthian, and Sogdian, as well as in the corpus of Zoroastrian Middle Persian. The paper considers declination in the plural, the attribution of universal quantifiers or demonstrative adjectives, comparison, and selection, as they occur in the above corpora, to be indicators of generic concepts. Acknowledging that third-century Manichaeism shaped the term for ‘religion’ in the Persian Empire, the paper scrutinizes the reflections of this formative process in Sasanian and also early Islamic Zoroastrianism. The resulting analysis of the linguistic evidence indicates that the newly coined Manichaean concept of ‘religion’ did not find considerable echoes in late antique Zoroastrianism. Furthermore, an investigation of the term daēnā- in the Avestan sources provides earlier evidence for the formation of the term ‘religion’ in pre-Sasanian Zoroastrianism. Finally, the paper highlights the significance of religious contact for the formation of a generic concept of religion.
description: Entangled Religions, Vol. 11 No. 2: Formative Exchanges between the Sasanid Empire and Late Antique Rome: Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism and Christianity in Contact
Emergent dual holographic description as a non-perturbative generalization of the Wilsonian renormalization group
Creators: name: Kim, Ki-Seok
name: Ryu, Shinsei
name: Lee, Kanghoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In holographic duality, dynamics along the emergent extra-dimensional space describes a renormalization group (RG) flow of the corresponding quantum field theory (QFT). Following this idea, we develop an emergent holographic description of a QFT, where not only the information of the RG flow is introduced into an IR holographic dual effective field theory (HDEFT), but also the UV information of the QFT is encoded in the HDEFT through the IR boundary condition. In particular, we argue that this dual holographic construction is self-consistent within the assumption of bulk locality, showing the following two aspects: The solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation is given by the IR boundary effective action, and the Ward identity involving the QFT energy-momentum tensor current is satisfied naturally. We discuss the role of the RG $β$-function in the bulk effective dynamics of the metric tensor near a conformally invariant fixed point. We claim that this emergent dual gravity theory generalizes the perturbative Wilsonian RG framework into a non-perturbative way.
Selection and Use of Poly Ethylene Glycol and Phosphate Based Aqueous Two-Phase Systems for the Separation of Proteins by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography
Creators: name: Schwienheer, Christoph
name: Merz, Juliane
name: Schembecker, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Engineering
subject: Biochemistry

description: For an efficient separation with centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) the selection of suitable biphasic phase systems is of crucial importance. Commonly, aqueous-organic systems have been widely used for the separation of natural products. Thus, a lot of knowledge about the selection of suitable systems and appropriate operation conditions of CPC is available. Alternatively, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) can be used in CPC. These systems offer the possibility to purify biotechnological substances like proteins. However, the selection and use of ATPS in CPC and accordingly the selection of appropriate operation conditions have rarely been investigated. In order to improve the knowledge, the focus of this research is on the selection of suitable ATPS and operation conditions for an efficient separation of biomolecules in CPC. Several systems, based on polyethylene glycol and phosphate salts have found to be suitable for use in CPC. Thereby, the hydrodynamic in the chamber is of major importance because it determines the stability and the performance during the separation run. An additional important aspect within the ATPS selection is the possibility to adjust the partition coefficient of the target compounds. This was achieved by changing the pH value of the system. Both aspects, hydrodynamic and adjustment of the partition coefficients were investigated in this study and the results obtained will help to select suitable ATPS and operating conditions for CPC separation of biomolecules.
Turbulent broadening of electron heat-flux width in electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of a helical scrape-off layer model
Creators: name: Mandell, N. R.
name: Hammett, G. W.
name: Hakim, A.
name: Francisquez, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that cross-field transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL) can be moderately increased by electromagnetic effects in high-beta regimes, resulting in a broader electron heat-flux width on the endplates. This conclusion is taken from full-$f$ electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of a helical SOL model that roughly approximates the SOL of the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The simulations have been performed with the Gkeyll code, which recently became the first code to demonstrate the capability to simulate electromagnetic gyrokinetic turbulence on open magnetic field lines with sheath boundary conditions. We scan the source rate and thus $β$ so that the normalized pressure gradient (the MHD ballooning parameter $α\propto \partial β/ \partial r \propto β/ L_p$) is scanned over an experimentally-relevant range, $α= 0.3-1.5$. While there is little change in the pressure gradient scale length $L_p$ near the midplane as beta is increased, a 10% increase in cross-field transport near the midplane results in an increase in the electron heat-flux width $λ_q$ and a 25% reduction of the peak electron heat flux to the endplates.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Optimal exploration of random walks with local bias on networks
Creators: name: Calva, Christopher Sebastian Hidalgo
name: Riascos, Alejandro P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose local-biased random walks on general networks where a Markovian walker can choose between different types of biases in each node to define transitions to its neighbors depending on their degrees. For this ergodic dynamics, we explore the capacity of the random walker to visit all the nodes characterized by a global mean first passage time. This quantity is calculated using eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the transition matrix that defines the dynamics. In the first part, we illustrate how our framework leads to optimal transport for small-size graphs through the analysis of all the possible bias configurations. In the second part, we explore optimal bias in each node by using simulated annealing. This heuristic algorithm allows obtaining approximate solutions of the optimal bias in different types of networks. The results show how the local bias can optimize the exploration of the network in comparison with the unbiased random walk. The methods implemented in this research are general and open the doors to a broad spectrum of tools applicable to different random walk strategies and dynamical processes on networks.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Thermal Emission and Scattering by Aligned Grains: Plane-Parallel Model and Application to Multiwavelength Polarization of the HL Tau Disk
Creators: name: Lin, Zhe-Yu Daniel
name: Li, Zhi-Yun
name: Yang, Haifeng
name: Stephens, Ian
name: Looney, Leslie
name: Harrison, Rachel
name: Fernández-López, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Telescopes are now able to resolve dust polarization across circumstellar disks at multiple wavelengths, allowing the study of the polarization spectrum. Most disks show clear evidence of dust scattering through their unidirectional polarization pattern typically at the shorter wavelength of $\sim 870 μ$m. However, certain disks show an elliptical pattern at $\sim 3$mm, which is likely due to aligned grains. With HL Tau, its polarization pattern at $\sim 1.3$mm shows a transition between the two patterns making it the first example to reveal such transition. We use the T-matrix method to model elongated dust grains and properly treat scattering of aligned non-spherical grains with a plane-parallel slab model. We demonstrate that a change in optical depth can naturally explain the polarization transition of HL Tau. At low optical depths, the thermal polarization dominates, while at high optical depths, dichroic extinction effectively takes out the thermal polarization and scattering polarization dominates. Motivated by results from the plane-parallel slab, we develop a simple technique to disentangle thermal polarization of the aligned grains $T_{0}$ and polarization due to scattering $S$ using the azimuthal variation of the polarization fraction. We find that, with increasing wavelength, the fractional polarization spectrum of the scattering component $S$ decreases, while the thermal component $T_{0}$ increases, which is expected since the optical depth decreases. We find several other sources similar to HL Tau that can be explained by azimuthally aligned scattering prolate grains when including optical depth effects. In addition, we explore how spirally aligned grains with scattering can appear in polarization images.
description: 27 pages, 21 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Sufficient dimension reduction via distance covariance
Creators: name: Xiangrong Yin
name: Wenhui Sheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry

description: We introduce a novel approach to sufficient dimension reduction problems using distance covariance. Our method requires very mild conditions on the predictors. It estimates the central subspace effectively even when many predictors are categorical or discrete. Our method keeps the model-free advantage without estimating link function. Under regularity conditions, root-n consistency and asymptotic normality are established for our estimator. We compare the performance of our method with some existing dimension reduction methods by simulations and find that our method is very competitive and robust across a number of models. We also analyze the Auto MPG data to demonstrate the efficacy of our method. Supplemental materials for this article are available online.
Breaking the Rate-Loss Bound of Quantum Key Distribution with Asynchronous Two-Photon Interference
Creators: name: Xie, Yuan-Mei
name: Lu, Yu-Shuo
name: Weng, Chen-Xun
name: Cao, Xiao-Yu
name: Jia, Zhao-Ying
name: Bao, Yu
name: Wang, Yang
name: Fu, Yao
name: Yin, Hua-Lei
name: Chen, Zeng-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Twin-field quantum key distribution can overcome the secret key capacity of repeaterless quantum key distribution via single-photon interference. However, to compensate for the channel fluctuations and lock the laser fluctuations, the techniques of phase tracking and phase locking are indispensable in experiment, which drastically increase experimental complexity and hinder free-space realization. Inspired by the duality in entanglement, we herein present an asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution protocol that can surpass the secret key capacity even without phase tracking and phase locking. Leveraging the concept of time multiplexing, asynchronous two-photon Bell-state measurement is realized by postmatching two interference detection events. For a 1 GHz system, the new protocol reaches a transmission distance of 450 km without phase tracking. After further removing phase locking, our protocol is still capable of breaking the capacity at 270 km. Intriguingly, when using the same experimental techniques, our protocol has a higher key rate than the phase-matching-type twin-field protocol. In the presence of imperfect intensity modulation, it also has a significant advantage in terms of the transmission distance over the sending-or-not-sending type twin-field protocol. With high key rates and accessible technology, our work provides a promising candidate for practical scalable quantum communication networks.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2112.11165