cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sharp exponential inequalities for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator
Creators: name: Cianchi, Andrea
name: Musil, Vít
name: Pick, Luboš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E35, 28C20

description: The optimal constants in a class of exponential type inequalities for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator in the Gauss space are detected. The existence of extremal functions in the relevant inequalities is also established. Our results disclose analogies and dissimilarities in comparison with Adams' inequality for the Laplace operator, a companion of our inequalities in the Euclidean space.
description: 42 pages
Heisenberg and the Levels of Reality
Creators: name: Nicolescu, Basarab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We first analyze the transdisciplinary model of Reality and its key-concept of "Levels of Reality". We then compare this model with the one elaborated by Werner Heisenberg in 1942.
description: 12 pages, Reference added to the journal in which the paer is published
AGRICULTURE'S SHIFTING POLITICAL POWER BASE
Creators: name: Cole, Christine A.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
name: Cole, Christine A.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Political Economy

description: This study examines the change over time in agricultural congressional market power and production concentration using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and concentration ratios. Results indicate that the number of congressional districts representing the production of several crops has declined substantially and that greater concentration within crop and livestock variables has occurred.
LINKING REVEALED AND STATED PREFERENCES TO TEST EXTERNAL VALIDITY
Creators: name: Herriges, Joseph A.
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Azevedo, Christopher D.
name: Herriges, Joseph A.
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Azevedo, Christopher D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper examines the potential for combining revealed and stated preference data on Iowa wetland usage, employing a flexible functional form representation of site-specific utility. We examine a variety of hypothesis tests regarding potential sources for inconsistency between stated and revealed preferences, including the form of the state preference questions themselves.
Anomalous latent heat in non-equilibrium phase transitions
Creators: name: Allahverdyan, A. E.
name: Petrosyan, K. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study first-order phase transitions in a two-temperature system, where due to the time-scale separation all the basic thermodynamical quantities (free energy, entropy, etc) are well-defined. The sign of the latent heat is found to be counterintuitive: it is positive when going from the phase where the temperatures and the entropy are higher to the one where these quantities are lower. The effect exists only out of equilibrium and requires conflicting interactions. It is displayed on a lattice gas model of ferromagnetically interacting spin-1/2 particles.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
TESTING FOR CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE DEMAND FOR MEAT IN AUSTRALIA
Creators: name: Martin, William J.
name: Porter, Darrell
name: Martin, William J.
name: Porter, Darrell
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Quarterly data from 1962 to 1983 for beef, lamb, mutton, pig meat and poultry were used to test for constancy in the structure of meat demand in Australia. The cumulative sum, cumulative sum of squares and Farley-Hinich tests were applied to a range of models to ensure that any rejection of stability was not due to an inappropriate functional form or omitted dynamics. Little evidence was found of a marked swing away from consumption of any meat, with the exception of mutton. The results suggest that changes in prices and in total consumer expenditure are far more important than changes in tastes as determinants of meat consumption.
Evaluation of the general applicability of Dragoon for the k-center problem
Creators: name: Uhlig, Tobias
name: Hillmann, Peter
name: Rose, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The k-center problem is a fundamental problem we often face when considering complex service systems. Typical challenges include the placement of warehouses in logistics or positioning of servers for content delivery networks. We previously have proposed Dragoon as an effective algorithm to approach the k-center problem. This paper evaluates Dragoon with a focus on potential worst case behavior in comparison to other techniques. We use an evolutionary algorithm to generate instances of the k-center problem that are especially challenging for Dragoon. Ultimately, our experiments confirm the previous good results of Dragoon, however, we also can reliably find scenarios where it is clearly outperformed by other approaches.
Type III Einstein-Yang-Mills solutions
Creators: name: Fuster, A.
name: van Holten, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct two distinct classes of exact type III solutions of the D=4 Einstein-Yang-Mills system. The solutions are embeddings of the non-abelian plane waves in spacetimes in Kundt's class. Reduction of the solutions to type N leads to generalized $pp$ and Kundt waves. The geodesic equations are briefly discussed.
description: revtex, 4 pages, minor changes, some factors and references corrected, footnote added
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF A PILOT SURVEY OF SALT-AFFECTED DAIRY FARMS
Creators: name: Alaouze, Chris M.
name: Read, Michael
name: Sturgess, Neil H.
name: Alaouze, Chris M.
name: Read, Michael
name: Sturgess, Neil H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A small stratified sample was drawn from irrigated dairy farms judged to exhibit two degrees (high and low) of salting in the soil. Cobb-Douglas production functions were fitted to time series and cross sectional data for each stratum. The results support the conclusion that the data from the two strata can be pooled and that the quality of the soil in this area can be modelled using an analysis of covariance approach. A preliminary confidence interval for the geometric mean of the ratio of the shadow price of water to the price of butterfat for farms in the sample was also calculated. This interval supports the hypothesis that rationed irrigation water is worth more to these farms than the price paid.
La beauté est dans la rue : art & visual culture in Paris, 1968
Creators: name: Scott, Victoria Holly Francis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Removed from its artistic origins in the French avant-garde during the interwar period, the European based group known as the situationist international is often represented as being solely occupied with politics to the exclusion of all else, particularly art and aesthetics. In what follows I argue that throughout the sixties the anti-aesthetic position was actually the governing model in France obliging the avant-garde to adjust their strategies accordingly. Artists and artists' collectives that placed politics before aesthetics were the norm, enjoying widespread popularity and recognition from both the public and the French State. These overtly partisan groups and individuals sapped art of the power it had enjoyed in the fifties as a venue removed, or at least distanced from, formal politics. In response, the situationists officially rejected the art world, turning to the popular and vernacular culture of the streets in an attempt to get beyond both classical aesthetic principals and the overt propagandistic objectives of groups such as le Salon de la jeunePeinture. Turning to the climactic moment of 1968 I track the ways in which these debates informed the posters and graffiti which marked the unfinished revolution, sorting out the various aesthetic positions and political persuasions that dominated the events. My thesis contends that the situationists were not anti-aesthetic, that they simply advocated a different kind of aesthetics: one that rejected traditional notions of beauty for the more active and open concept of poiesis or poetry. Beyond words on a page, this notion implied art as a way of life, emphasizing production, creation, formation and action and can be traced back to the groups prewar origins in the Dada and surrealist movements. Moreover, this concept of poetry was not adverse to issues of form being highly dependent on the materiality and physicality of the urban centre, specifically the streets. Finally my conclusion expands upon the similarities between this notion of poetry and the 17th century understanding of beauty, the latter concept being associated with a subtle criticality and strategic wit. It was this interpretation of beauty that defined and produced the art of 1968.
Measurements of the top-antitop production cross section at the Tevatron Run II CDF experiment using b-tagging
Creators: name: Bachacou, Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the top-antitop production cross section in b-tagged lepton + jets events from proton-antiproton collisions at 1.96 TeV using the CDF detector at Fermilab. B-jets are tagged with either a secondary vertex algorithm, or a soft lepton tagger that identifies muons from B hadron semileptonic decays. With Tevatron Run II data, we estimate the top-antitop signal fraction in two different ways: by estimating the various background contributions, and by fitting directly the leading jet transverse energy spectrum for the signal and background contributions. A subset of the sample with two secondary vertex tagged jets yields a production cross section consistent with the inclusive measurements. Results are consistent with a Standard Model top-antitop signal and current measurements of the top quark mass.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, DPF 2004 proceeding
EFFECTS OF PAST AUSTRALIAN WHEAT PRICE POLICIES ON KEY INDUSTRY VARIABLES
Creators: name: Myers, Robert J.
name: Piggott, Roley R.
name: MacAulay, T. Gordon
name: Myers, Robert J.
name: Piggott, Roley R.
name: MacAulay, T. Gordon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Evidence is provided on the extent to which wheat price policies operating over the period 1953-54 to 1983-84 achieved objectives related to the levels and stability of key industry variables. The general findings are that the levels of achievement have been modest and that trade-offs have been involved. This evidence is supplementary to the evidence already available from efficiency-based studies.
BELIEFS AND VALUES IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH
Creators: name: Hardaker, J. Brian
name: Hardaker, J. Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Attention is drawn to the values that are often kept hidden but condition what research agricultural economists do. It is pointed out that the economic theory, which guides most research, is not value free and that therefore the lack of debate about theory amongst Australian agricultural economists may be unhealthy. In a world with uncertainty, the research process is likened to learning, leading to a suggestion that Bayesian procedures provide a more satisfactory conceptual framework for the process of enquiry than does the conventional hypothesistesting approach. While difficulties in the practical applicability of Bayesian methods are understood, they do provide insights which permit some of the more inappropriate uses of hypothesis testing to be recognised. The view of research enquiry as learning also leads to an appreciation of the desirability of a more honest acceptance of the inherent subjectivity of the process. Finally, attention is drawn to the need for vigilance over professional standards in research.
Radiation hydrodynamics models of Active Galactic Nuclei: Beyond the central parsec
Creators: name: Williamson, David
name: Hönig, Sebastian
name: Venanzi, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We produce radiation hydrodynamics models of an AGN 'torus' plus outflow on 1-100 pc scales. This large scale permits direct comparison with observations, provides justification for configurations used in radiation transfer models, and tests the sensitivity of results of smaller scale dynamical models. We find that anisotropic radiation from an AGN accretion disk can cause an outflow to evolve to become more polar, agreeing with the ubiquity of polar extended mid-IR emission, and the general geometry predicted by radiative transfer models. We also find the velocity maps can reproduce many features of observations, including apparent 'counter-rotation'.
description: 25 pages, 17 figures, accepted to ApJ
Case-control studies with misclassified exposure : a Bayesian approach
Creators: name: Saskin, Refik
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: When dealing with the case-control data, it is often the case that the exposure to a risk factor of interest is subject to miclassification. Methods for correcting the odds-ratio are available when the misclassification probabilities are known. In practice, however, good guesses rather than the exact values are available for these probabilities. We show that when these guesses are treated as exact even the smallest differencies between the true and guessed values can lead to very erroneous odds-ratio estimates. This problem is alleviated by a Bayesian analysis which incorporates the uncertainty about the misclassification probabilities as prior information. In practice, data on the exposure variable are quite often available from more than one source. We review three methods for improving the odds-ratio estimates that combine information from two sources. We then develop a Bayesian approach which is based on latent class analysis, and apply it to the sudden infant death syndrome data. The inference required the use of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and/or the Gibbs sampler.
Discrete soliton ratchets driven by biharmonic fields
Creators: name: Zolotaryuk, Yaroslav
name: Salerno, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directed motion of topological solitons (kinks or antikinks) in the damped and AC-driven discrete sine-Gordon system is investigated. We show that if the driving field breaks certain time-space symmetries, the soliton can perform unidirectional motion. The phenomenon resembles the well known effects of ratchet transport and nonlinear harmonic mixing. Direction of the motion and its velocity depends on the shape of the AC drive. Necessary conditions for the occurrence of the effect are formulated. In comparison with the previously studied continuum case, the discrete case shows a number of new features: non-zero depinning threshold for the driving amplitude, locking to the rational fractions of the driving frequency, and diffusive ratchet motion in the case of weak intersite coupling.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures
Stokes-type Integral Equalities for Scalarly Essentially Integrable Locally Convex Vector Valued Forms which are Functions of an Unbounded Spectral Operator
Creators: name: Silvestri, Benedetto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46G10, 47B40, 47A60, 58C3

description: In this work we establish a Stokes-type integral equality for scalarly essentially integrable forms on an orientable smooth manifold with values in the locally convex linear space $\langle B(G),σ(B(G),\mathcal{N})\rangle$, where $G$ is a complex Banach space and $\mathcal{N}$ is a suitable linear subspace of the norm dual of $B(G)$. This result widely extends the Newton-Leibnitz-type equality stated in one of our previous articles. To obtain our equality we generalize the main result of that article, and employ the Stokes theorem for smooth locally convex vector valued forms established in a prodromic paper. Two facts are remarkable. Firstly the forms integrated involved in the equality are functions of a possibly unbounded scalar type spectral operator in $G$. Secondly these forms need not be smooth nor even continuously differentiable.
description: It conforms the published version
The Hamburg/SAO survey for emission-line galaxies. VI. The sixth list of 126 galaxies
Creators: name: Pustilnik, S. A.
name: Engels, D.
name: Lipovetsky, V. A.
name: Kniazev, A. Y.
name: Pramskij, A. G.
name: Ugryumov, A. V.
name: Masegosa, J.
name: Izotov, Y. I.
name: Chaffee, F.
name: Marquez, I.
name: Teplyakova, A. L.
name: Hopp, U.
name: Brosch, N.
name: Hagen, H. -J.
name: Martin, J. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the sixth list with results of the Hamburg/SAO Survey for Emission-Line Galaxies. The final list resulted from follow-up spectroscopy conducted with the 4.5m MMT telescope in 1996, and with 2.2m CAHA and 6m SAO telescopes in 2000 to 2003. The data of this snap-shot spectroscopy survey confirmed 134 emission-line objects out of 182 observed candidates and allowed their quantitative spectral classification and redshift determination. We classify 73 emission-line objects as definite or probable blue compact or HII galaxies (BCG), 8 as QSOs, 4 as Seyfert 1 and 2 galaxies. 30 low-excitation objects were classified as definite or probable starburst nuclei (SBN), 3 as dwarf amorphous nuclei starburst galaxies (DANS) and 2 as LINERs. Due to the low signal-to-noise ratio we could not classify 14 ELGs (NON). For another 9 galaxies we did not detect any significant emission lines. For 98 emission-line galaxies, the redshifts and/or line intensities are determined for the first time. For the remaining 28 previously-known ELGs we give either improved data the line intensities or some independent measurements. The detection rate of ELGs is ~70%. This paper completes the classification of strong-lined ELGs found in the zone of the Hamburg/SAO survey. Together with previously known BCG/HII galaxies in this zone, this sample of ~500 objects is the largest to date in a well bound region.
description: 18 pages, including 8 tables and 1 figure. Plots of the spectra of 126 ELGs are in a separate 13-page Appendix. Accepted for publication in Astron.Astrophys. Full paper with full-resolution figures is available at http://www.eso.org/~akniazev
Luminosity of radio pulsar and its new emission death line
Creators: name: Wu, Q. D.
name: Zhi, Q. J.
name: Zhang, C. M.
name: Wang, D. H.
name: Ye, C. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the pulsar radio luminosity ($L$), emission efficiency (ratio of radio luminosity to its spin-down power $\dot{E}$), and death line in the diagram of magnetic field (B) versus spin period (P), and found that the dependence of pulsar radio luminosity on its spin-down power ($L-\dot{E}$) is very weak, shown as $L\sim\dot{E}^{0.06}$, which deduces an equivalent inverse correlation between emission efficiency and spin-down power as $ξ\sim \dot{E}^{-0.94}$. Furthermore, we examined the distributions of radio luminosity of millisecond and normal pulsars, and found that, for the similar spin-down powers, the radio luminosity of millisecond pulsars is about one order of magnitude lower than that of the normal pulsars. The analysis of pulsar radio flux suggests that this correlations are not due to a selective effect, but are intrinsic to the pulsar radio emission physics. Their radio radiations may be dominated by the different radiation mechanisms. The cut-off phenomenon of currently observed radio pulsars in B-P diagram is usually referred as the "pulsar death line", which corresponds to $\dot{E}\approx 10^{30}$ erg/s and is obtained by the cut-off voltage of electron acceleration gap in the polar cap model of pulsar proposed by Ruderman and Sutherland. Observationally, this death line can be inferred by the actual observed pulsar flux $S\approx $1mJy and 1kpc distance, together with the maximum radio emission efficiency of 1\%. At present, the actual observed pulsar flux can reach 0.01mJy by FAST telescope, which will arise the observational limit of spin-down power of pulsar as low as $\dot{E}\approx 10^28$ erg/s. This means that the new death line is downward shifted two orders of magnitude, which might be favorably referred as the "observational limit-line", and accordingly the pulsar theoretical model for the cut-off voltage of gap should be heavily modified.
The Outburst of HST-1 in the M87 Jet
Creators: name: Harris, D. E.
name: Cheung, C. C.
name: Biretta, J. A.
name: Sparks, W.
name: Junor, W.
name: Perlman, E. S.
name: Wilson, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray intensity of knot HST-1, 0.85" from the nucleus of the radio galaxy M87, has increased by more than a factor of 50 during the last 5 years. The optical increase is similar and our more limited radio data indicate a commensurate activity. We give the primary results of our Chandra X-ray Observatory monitoring program and consider some of the implications of this extreme variability in a relativistic jet. We find that the data support a 'modest beaming synchrotron' model as indicated in our earlier papers. Based on this model, the decay of the X-ray lightcurve appears to be dominated by light travel time across the emitting region of HST-1, rather than synchrotron loss timescales.
description: ApJ accepted, 7 pages, 4 figures
Crystal structures of superconducting phases of S and Se
Creators: name: Degtyareva, Olga
name: Gregoryanz, Eugene
name: Somayazulu, Maddury
name: Mao, Ho-kwang
name: Hemley, Russell J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compressed S and Se are studied by x-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation up to 160 GPa. The S-IV phase is shown to have a body-centered monoclinic structure and to be stable between 83 and 150 GPa on pressure increase, where it transform to S-V with a primitive rhombohedral $β$-Po structure. Observation of the modulation reflections in S-IV up to 135 GPa shows that its crystal structure is incommensurately modulated, as recently reported for Se and Te. The modulated body-centered monoclinic phase of Se, Se-IV, is shown to transform to the $β$-Po phase Se-V at around 80 GPa. Se-V transforms to a body-centered cubic phase at 140 GPa in accordance with previous studies. Pressure dependence of the structural parameters of these high-pressure phases in S and Se are discussed in relation to their superconducting behaviour.
Photoelectron backscattering in vacuum phototubes
Creators: name: Lubsandorzhiev, B. K.
name: Vasiliev, R. V.
name: Vyatchin, Y. E.
name: Shaibonov, B. A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we describe results of a photoelectron backscattering effect in vacuum phototubes: classical photomultipliers (PMT) and hybrid phototubes (PH). Late pulses occurring in PMTs are attributed to the photoelectron backscattering and distinguished from pulses due to an anode glow effect. The late pulses are measured in a number of PMTs and HPs with various photocathode sizes covering 1-50 cm range and different types of the first dynode materials and construction designs. It is shown that the late pulses are a generic feature of all vacuum photodetectors - PMTs and PHs and they don't deteriorate dramatically amplitude and timing responses of vacuum phototubes.
Observations of the Transient X-ray Pulsar KS 1947+300 by the INTEGRAL and RXTE Observatories
Creators: name: Tsygankov, S. S.
name: Lutovinov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the observations of the X-ray pulsar KS 1947+300 performed by the INTEGRAL and RXTE observatories over a wide (3-100 keV) X-ray energy range. The shape of the pulse profile was found to depend on the luminosity of the source. Based on the model of a magnetized neutron star, we study the characteristics of the pulsar using the change in its spin-up rate. We estimated the magnetic field strength of the pulsar and the distance to the binary.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, Astronomy Letters, 31, 88-97 (2005)
THE EFFECT OF FERTILISER ON RISK: A HETEROSCEDASTIC PRODUCTION FUNCTION WITH MEASURABLE STOCHASTIC INPUTS
Creators: name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Roumasset, James A.
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Roumasset, James A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: The sources of production risk are many and diverse in nature. Estimating risk as a black box, without explicit recognition of its sources, can lead to inferior estimates of optimal inputs under risk aversion. In this paper, a method is presented for estimating production functions with measurable stochastic inputs and for generating the parameters of the probability distributions of yield for various environments and input levels. Based on this method, it appears that moderate risk aversion can account for a 6.7 per cent to 16.7 per cent reduction in nitrogen use (relative to the risk-neutral solution) for selected rice producing areas of the Philippines. Estimating optimal inputs without environment specific information about the sources of risk leads to large errors. This underscores the value of collecting information about the sources of risk and of exercising caution when such information is not available.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR INVESTMENT MODELS
Creators: name: Vanzetti, David
name: Quiggin, John C.
name: Vanzetti, David
name: Quiggin, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: An implicit rental price approach is used to analyse the determinants of farm tractor investment at the aggregate level. Three models, based on different assumed factor substitutabilities, are compared. Variations in the rental price of tractors appear to have less effect on demand than variations in factors affecting the profitability of the cropping enterprise as a whole. The implications for forecasting and for policy instruments, such as the investment allowance, are discussed.
Canonical suppression in microscopic transport models
Creators: name: Fochler, O.
name: Vogel, S.
name: Bleicher, M.
name: Greiner, C.
name: Koch-Steinheimer, P.
name: Xu, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the occurrence of canonical suppression associated with the conservation of an U(1)-charge in current transport models. For this study a pion gas is simulated within two different transport approaches by incorporating inelastic and volume-limited collisions $ππ\leftrightarrow K\bar{K}$ for the production of kaon pairs. Both descriptions can dynamically account for the suppression in the yields of rare strange particles in a limited box, being in full accordance with a canonical statistical description.
title: Umgang mit Evidenzen angehender Lehrkräfte in den Naturwissenschaften
title: Epistemologie in der Lehrkräfteausbildung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Pollmeier, Pascal
Publisher: name: Universität Paderborn
Year: 2023

description: Eine Forderung nach evidenzbasierter Praxis (EBP) im Bildungswesen kann sowohl vor dem Hintergrund der Bedeutung wissenschaftlicher Evidenzen innerhalb gesellschaftlicher Diskurse als auch der Evidenzbasierung in anderen Bereichen formuliert werden. Der Umgang mit und die Bewertung von Evidenzen stellen somit vor dem Hintergrund epistemologischer Überzeugungen relevante Aufgaben für den Chemieunterricht dar. Dabei ist unklar, inwiefern (angehende) Lehrkräfte über Kompetenzen in EBP verfügen. Bestehende Studien weisen auf einen Bedarf der fachdidaktischen Analyse und Förderung von Kompetenzen in EBP bei angehenden Lehrkräften hin.Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurde die Domänenspezifität der Kompetenzen in EBP sowie deren Förderung in einem fachdidaktischen Kontext untersucht. Dabei wurde ein weiterer Schwerpunkt auf den Umgang mit anomalen Beobachtungen im Sinne widersprüchlicher Evidenzen gelegt. Innerhalb von drei Teilstudien wurden unterschiedliche methodische Zugänge zur Kompetenz in EBP auf Grundlage epistemologischer Überzeugungen gewählt.Die Ergebnisse weisen auf einen Förderbedarf der Kompetenz in EBP für angehende Lehrkräfte aller Unterrichtsfächer hin. Eine entwickelte Intervention für angehende Chemielehrkräfte weist eine Wirksamkeit zur Förderung von Kompetenzen in EBP auf. Im Rahmen einer Modellierungsstudie kann der Einfluss von Fachwissen sowie Indizien für einen Einfluss epistemologischer Überzeugungen auf den Umgang mit anomalen Beobachtungen gezeigt werden.
description: The role of evidence based practice (EBP) in educational contexts can be argued from the necessity ofevidence for societal debates, as well as evidence based practice in other research fields, such asmedicine. Therefore, using evidence based on epistemological beliefs is a relevant task for scienceeducation. However, i t is unclear whether pre service teachers hold necessary competences in EBP.Existing research indicates a need for the analysis and promotion of competences in EBP for pre serviceteachers from a scien ce education perspective.This project aims at investigating the domainspecificity and promotion of competences in EBP of preservice teachers. An additional emphasis is put on the reaction to anomalous observations ascontradictory evidence. Within three sub studies, different methodological approaches were used togather insights into the competence in EBP from the base of epistemological beliefs.As results show, there is a need for promotion in competences in EBP for preservice teachers in allsubjects. Therefore, the developed intervention for the promotion of pre service chemistry teacherscompetence in EBP shows to be effective. Moreover, the impact of content knowledge and the role ofepistemological beliefs on the interpretation of anomalous observations could be demonstrated.
A note on the stability of axionic D-term strings
Creators: name: Achucarro, Ana
name: Sousa, Kepa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stability of a new class of BPS cosmic strings in N=1 supergravity with D-terms recently proposed by Blanco-Pillado, Dvali and Redi. These have been conjectured to be the low energy manifestation of D-strings that might form from tachyon condensation after D- anti-D-brane annihilation in type IIB superstring theory. There are three one-parameter families of cylindrically symmetric one-vortex solutions to the BPS equations (tachyonic, axionic and hybrid). We find evidence that the zero mode in the axionic case, or s-strings, can be excited. Its evolution leads to the decompactification of four-dimensional spacetime at late times, with a rate that decreases with decreasing brane tension.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Efficient synthesis of macromolecular DO3A@Gn derivatives for potential application in MRI diagnostics: from polymer conjugates to polymer nanoparticles
Creators: name: Kampmann, Anne-Larissa
name: Hiller, Wolf
name: Weberskirch, Ralf
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline)
subject: Bifunctional macromonomers surfactants
subject: Microemulsion polymerization
subject: Polymeric nanoparticles
subject: 540

description: Herein, the synthesis of three different macromolecular DO3A@Gn conjugates based on poly(2-oxazoline)s is presented. Therefore, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) is synthesized by a ring-opening, cationic polymerization and the polymerization is terminated with DO3A(tBu)3. The best results are obtained after 48 h at 120 °C with degree of termination of 86%. After deprotection of the DO3A ligand and complexation with Gn3+, relaxivity as measured with a magnetic field strength of 9.4 T (400 MHz) reveals values for r1 of up to 2.32 mm−1 s−1. The concept is extended to a block copolymer based on 2-heptyl-2-oxazoline and 2-methyl-2-oxazoline that is again terminated with DO3A(tBu)3 to form micelles with a size of 12.6 ± 0.7 nm after DO3A(tBu)3 termination and deprotection of the 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid ligand. After complexation with Gn3+, relaxivity r1 is 10.1 mm−1 s−1 as determined from the slope of the plot of 1/T1 against the gadolinium(III) concentration at 9.4 T. Finally, crosslinked nanoparticles are prepared from amphiphilic macro-monomers that form micelles in water and are crosslinked throughout the core in the presence of azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The nanoparticle is 32.9 ± 7.8 nm in size after Gn3+ complexation and reveals a relaxivity r1 of 6.77 mm−1 s−1.
description: Macromolecular chemistry and physics;224(1)
Exploring charge density distribution and electronic properties of hybrid organic-germanium layers
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Flavio Bento
name: Lima, Erika Nascimento
name: da Rosa, Andreia Luisa
name: da Silva, Mauricio Chagas
name: Frauenheim, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Band gap tuning and dielectric properties of small organic ligands adsorbed on bidimensional germanium monolayers (germanene) have been investigated using first-principles calculations. We show that the adsorption of these small groups retains the initially stable free-standing pristine buckled germanium nanostructures. Charge density and chemical bonding analysis show that the ligands are chemisorbed on the germanium layers. Finally we demosntrate that the dielectric properties of bare and ligand adsorbed germanene have a large anisotropy. Our findings of a finite gap shows open a path for rational design of nanostructures with possible applications in biosensors and solar cells.
Twenty-one centimeter tomography with foregrounds
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaomin
name: Tegmark, Max
name: Santos, Mario
name: Knox, Lloyd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twenty-one centimeter tomography is emerging as a powerful tool to explore the end of the cosmic dark ages and the reionization epoch, but it will only be as good as our ability to accurately model and remove astrophysical foreground contamination. Previous treatments of this problem have focused on the angular structure of the signal and foregrounds and what can be achieved with limited spectral resolution (bandwidths in the 1 MHz range). In this paper we introduce and evaluate a ``blind'' method to extract the multifrequency 21cm signal by taking advantage of the smooth frequency structure of the Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds. We find that 21 cm tomography is typically limited by foregrounds on scales $k\ll 1h/$Mpc and limited by noise on scales $k\gg 1h/$Mpc, provided that the experimental bandwidth can be made substantially smaller than 0.1 MHz. Our results show that this approach is quite promising even for scenarios with rather extreme contamination from point sources and diffuse Galactic emission, which bodes well for upcoming experiments such as LOFAR, MWA, PAST, and SKA.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. Revised version including various cases with high noise level. Major conclusions unchanged. Accepted for publication in ApJ
A DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE COSTS OF FOODBORNE ILLNESS: WHO ULTIMATELY PAYS?
Creators: name: Golan, Elise H.
name: Ralston, Katherine L.
name: Frenzen, Paul D.
name: Golan, Elise H.
name: Ralston, Katherine L.
name: Frenzen, Paul D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Cost of illness
subject: Foodborne illness
subject: Social Accounting Matrix

description: This paper traces the economic impact of the costs of foodborne illness on the U.S. economy using a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) framework. Previous estimates of the costs of seven foodborne pathogens are disaggregated by type, and distributed across the population using data from the National Health Interview Survey. Initial income losses resulting from premature death cause a decrease in economic activity. Medical costs, in contrast, result in economic growth, though this growth does not outweigh the total costs of premature death. A SAM accounting of how the costs of illness are diffused through the economy provides useful information for policy makers.
Hacking's Human Kinds and the Ethics of Participatory Science
Creators: name: Garcia, Ismael Kherroubi
name: Aitkenhead, Georgia
name: Fantoni, Susanna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Philosophy of Science
Participatory Science
Austism

description: We make the case that participatory approaches to the social sciences mitigate the risk of epistemic injustice. We define the social sciences as those that study what Hacking calls "human kinds", which are subject to "looping effects". We argue that the line between theory and practice in the social sciences is blurred and theoretical frameworks and definitions can feed into what Fricker calls "epistemic injustice". We discuss the case of epistemic injustice that autistic females are subject to due to scientific notions that feed into widely held stereotypes. We finally introduce how participatory approaches in the Autistica Project mitigate the risk of epistemic injustice in autism research.
description: {"references": ["Bargiela, S., Steward, R. & Mandy, W. (2016) The Experiences of Late-diagnosed Women with Autism Spectrum Conditions: An Investigation of the Female Autism Phenotype, J Autism Dev Disord, 46, 3281\u20133294, DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2872-8", "Fricker, M. (2007) Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing, Oxford Scholarship Online, DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001", "Hacking, I. (1996) The Looping Effects of Human Kinds, in Causal Cognition: A Multidisciplinary Debate, by Sperber, D., Premack, D. & Premack, A.J. (eds.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524021.003.0012", "Lippmann, W. (1922) Public Opinion, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.", "Whitaker et al. (2021) Autistica Citizen Science, [Available online] https://github.com/alan-turing-institute/AutisticaCitizenScience"]}
UAV Path Planning using Global and Local Map Information with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Theile, Mirco
name: Bayerlein, Harald
name: Nai, Richard
name: Gesbert, David
name: Caccamo, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Path planning methods for autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are typically designed for one specific type of mission. This work presents a method for autonomous UAV path planning based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) that can be applied to a wide range of mission scenarios. Specifically, we compare coverage path planning (CPP), where the UAV's goal is to survey an area of interest to data harvesting (DH), where the UAV collects data from distributed Internet of Things (IoT) sensor devices. By exploiting structured map information of the environment, we train double deep Q-networks (DDQNs) with identical architectures on both distinctly different mission scenarios to make movement decisions that balance the respective mission goal with navigation constraints. By introducing a novel approach exploiting a compressed global map of the environment combined with a cropped but uncompressed local map showing the vicinity of the UAV agent, we demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently scale to large environments. We also extend previous results for generalizing control policies that require no retraining when scenario parameters change and offer a detailed analysis of crucial map processing parameters' effects on path planning performance.
description: ICAR 2021, code available at https://github.com/theilem/uavSim
Identification of difficult laryngoscopy using an optimized hybrid architecture
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoxiao
name: FLANAGAN, COLIN
name: Li, Gang
name: Lei, Yiming
name: Zeng, Liaoyuan
name: Fang, Jingchao
name: Guo, Xiangyang
name: Mcgrath, Sean
name: Han, Yongzheng
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Background Identifcation of difcult laryngoscopy is a frequent demand in cervical spondylosis clinical surgery. This work aims to develop a hybrid architecture for identifying difficult laryngoscopy based on new indexes. Methods Initially, two new indexes for identifying difficult laryngoscopy are proposed, and their efficacy for predicting difficult laryngoscopy is compared to that of two conventional indexes. Second, a hybrid adaptive architecture with convolutional layers, spatial extraction, and a vision transformer is proposed for predicting difcult laryngoscopy. The proposed adaptive hybrid architecture is then optimized by determining the optimal location for extracting spatial information. Results The test accuracy of four indexes using simple model is 0.8320. The test accuracy of optimized hybrid architecture using four indexes is 0.8482. Conclusion The newly proposed two indexes, the angle between the lower margins of the second and sixth cervical spines and the vertical direction, are validated to be effective for recognizing difficult laryngoscopy. In addition, the optimized hybrid architecture employing four indexes demonstrates improved efficacy in detecting difficult laryngoscopy. Trial registration Ethics permission for this research was obtained from the Medical Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital (IRB00006761-2015021) on 30 March 2015. A well-informed agreement has been received from all participants. Patients were enrolled in this research at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifer: ChiCTR-ROC-16008598) on 6 June 2016
NLNDE: Enhancing Neural Sequence Taggers with Attention and Noisy Channel for Robust Pharmacological Entity Detection
Creators: name: Lange, Lukas
name: Adel, Heike
name: Strötgen, Jannik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Named entity recognition has been extensively studied on English news texts. However, the transfer to other domains and languages is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we describe the system with which we participated in the first subtrack of the PharmaCoNER competition of the BioNLP Open Shared Tasks 2019. Aiming at pharmacological entity detection in Spanish texts, the task provides a non-standard domain and language setting. However, we propose an architecture that requires neither language nor domain expertise. We treat the task as a sequence labeling task and experiment with attention-based embedding selection and the training on automatically annotated data to further improve our system's performance. Our system achieves promising results, especially by combining the different techniques, and reaches up to 88.6% F1 in the competition.
description: Published at BioNLP-OST@EMNLP 2019
NITROGEN-FIXING WINTER COVER CROPS AND PRODUCTION RISK: A CASE STUDY FOR NO-TILLAGE CORN
Creators: name: Larson, James A.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Tyler, Donald D.
name: Duck, Bob N.
name: Slinsky, Stephen P.
name: Larson, James A.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Tyler, Donald D.
name: Duck, Bob N.
name: Slinsky, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Legume winter crops
subject: Nitrogen
subject: Risk premiums
subject: Stochastic dominance

description: Winter legumes can substitute for applied nitrogen fertilization of corn. Stochastic dominance was used to order net revenues from legume and applied nitrogen alternatives. Stochastic dominance orderings indicate that systems combining vetch with low applied nitrogen fertilization (50 and 100 pounds/acre, respectively) were risk inefficient. By contrast, vetch and 150 pounds/acre applied nitrogen maximized expected net revenue and was risk efficient for a wide range of risk-averse and risk-seeking behavior. Farmers with these risk attitudes may not reduce applied nitrogen if they switch to a vetch cover. Extremely risk-averse or risk-seeking farmers would not prefer winter legumes.
Channel-based algebraic limits to conductive heat transfer
Creators: name: Venkataram, Prashanth S.
name: Molesky, Sean
name: Cuevas, Juan Carlos
name: Rodriguez, Alejandro W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 80A99

description: Recent experimental advances probing coherent phonon and electron transport in nanoscale devices at contact have motivated theoretical channel-based analyses of conduction based on the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. The transmission through each channel has been known to be bounded above by unity, yet actual transmissions in typical systems often fall far below these limits. Building upon recently derived radiative heat transfer limits and a unified formalism characterizing heat transport for arbitrary bosonic systems in the linear regime, we propose new bounds on conductive heat transfer. In particular, we demonstrate that our limits are typically far tighter than the Landauer limits per channel and are close to actual transmission eigenvalues by examining a model of phonon conduction in a 1-dimensional chain. Our limits have ramifications for designing molecular junctions to optimize conduction.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, 2 appendices
THE EFFECT OF RISK AND AUTONOMY ON INDEPENDENT HOG PRODUCERS' CONTRACTING DECISIONS
Creators: name: Gillespie, Jeffrey M.
name: Eidman, Vernon R.
name: Gillespie, Jeffrey M.
name: Eidman, Vernon R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The introduction of vertical coordination in the hog industry has provided producers with new business arrangements for raising hogs. While some researchers have elicited utility functions for hog producers on the basis of income risk, none have addressed autonomy, a factor which appears to be important in business arrangement selection for independent family hog operations. In this study, a method is developed for eliciting a multi-attribute function with attributes of income and autonomy. Utility functions are elicited for a group of Minnesota farrow-to-finish hog producers. For these producers, autonomy dominated risk as the most important attribute in business arrangement selection.