cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of poly(o-phenylenediamine) functionalized SiC on the corrosion protection ability of neat polyurethane coating system in the marine environment
Creators: name: P, Vinodhini S.
name: Xavier, Joseph Raj
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: A novel nanocomposite consisting of polyurethane (PU), poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD), and silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles was investigated for its application in marine environment through electrochemical techniques. The PoPD/SiC nanofillers were characterized by TGA, XRD, SEM/EDX, and TEM analyses. The anticorrosion and mechanical properties of different coating formulation in marine environment were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). It was also found that the coating resistance of PU-PoPD/SiC nanocomposite was over 41 times higher than that of the PU coating. The PU-PoPD/SiC coatings on the brass showed low current of 1.9 I/nA due to copper dissolution and 6.8 I/nA due to zinc dissolution because of the well distribution of PoPD/SiC nanofiller in PU coating. The analyses of the resultant degradation products by SEM/EDX and XRD techniques confirmed the presence of Si which has a major role in protecting the brass surface against corrosion. Results showed that the PU composite with 2 wt.% PoPD/SiC hybrid nanofillers had outstanding coating performance. This nanocomposite demonstrated improved corrosion protection. As a result, the developed PU-PoPD/SiC nanocomposite has exceptional adhesion strength and anticorrosion properties and might be exploited to develop next-generation anticorrosive coatings.
An Aging Model of PV Modules and a Link between Indoor Accelerated Tests and Outdoor Degradation
Creators: name: Braisaz, B.
name: Van Iseghem, M.
name: Binesti, D.
name: Radouane, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3280-3283
description: In order to determine the profitability of a PV project, power plant operators need to accurately
predict the energy production. It is crucial to know the operating power of PV modules. The correlation between
the peak power and the operating power is therefore a major issue for several services, such as project design,
operation and maintenance.
In this paper, we propose a PV aging model concept. We consider silicon modules with only one failure mode
which is thermally activated. A first estimation of outdoor degradation over 25 years is made, based on indoor
accelerated aging tests from our EDF R&D test facilities.
On Site Tests for the Detection of Potential Induced Degradation in Modules
Creators: name: Martinez-Moreno, F.
name: Lorenzo, E.
name: Munoz, J.
name: Parra, R.
name: Espino, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3313-3317
description: This paper presents different test alternatives which can be used on-site in a PV installation to detect
potential induced degradation (PID) in modules. The testing procedures proposed are: thermal imaging;
electroluminescence imaging; open circuit voltage measurements; operating voltage measurements; IV curve
measurements; and dark IV curve measurements. Advantages and disadvantages of each test are reported.
Monete imperiali romane come modelli della moneta di Matteo de' Pasti tavola iconografica
Creators: name: Bonoldi, Lorenzo; Calandra Di Roccolino, Giacomo
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2008
Subjects: Malatesta
Temple
Alberti
Numismatics

description: Lorenzo Bonoldi and Giacomo Calandra di Roccolino trace in an iconographic table the evidence of the lineage of the Matteo de' Pasti medal depicting the Malatesta Temple from the numismatic models of early Imperial Rome.
Technology Comparison of Different Types of Solar Cells Regarding Weak Light and Yield Performance
Creators: name: Janke, S.
name: Pingel, S.
name: Litzenburger, B.
name: Dittrich, J.
name: Strasser, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3251-3257
description: In the past years several different solar modules are investigated on two different test sites in Berlin
(Germany) and Tucson (Arizona, USA). The main focus is the performance comparison of different cell and module
technologies with regard to seasonal and meteorological conditions on the test sites.
For standard poly-silicon modules the following comparisons were set up on both test sites: (A) 2BB vs. 3BB cell
layout, (B) UMG silicon vs. standard EG silicon and (C) modules with and without anti-reflective coated glass.
Additional tests only available in Berlin are also discussed: (D) acidic vs. alkaline textured cells, (E) single thin film
modules with 4x CIGS, 2x a-Si, 1x CdTe that run against a c-Si reference module and finally (F) two systems of
field-PID affected modules that are recovered by two different methods.
The findings after several years of operation are: high quality UMG cells generate comparable yields to cells
based on standard EG silicon. The 2BB technology shows for both locations advantages in low light conditions
compared to 3BB technology but STC power is slightly lower. Modules with acidic textured cells show similar
specific yields compared to modules with alkaline textured cells. Modules with anti-reflective glass show both a
higher STC power and a higher specific energy yield. For present thin film modules the commonly assumed
advantages of higher specific yields could not be confirmed.
Durability and Outdoor Performance Comparison of PV Modules
Creators: name: Kinsey, G.S.
name: Schmid, C.
name: Meakin, D.H.
name: Stark, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3289-3290
description: Accelerated tests and outdoor performance comparisons are used to reduce uncertainty in module
lifetime and better predict energy yield. The Photovoltaic Durability Initiative is a development effort to determine
the relative and absolute lifetime of PV modules. The Initiative provides quantitative, comparative reliability data for
different module designs in representative operating environments and attempts to correlate highly-accelerated
lifetime tests with long-term outdoor exposure. Results from the first five module designs tested under the program
are presented. In parallel, outdoor performance comparisons are conducted on a range of PV (and CPV) module
designs on latitude fixed-tilt, single-axis, and dual-axis trackers in Albuquerque, USA. Measured performance is
compared against predicted and expected performance. Predicted performance is based on the modules’
characteristics (including spectrum response) and predicted operating conditions from the TMY3 meteorological
database; expected performance is based on conditions including the spectrum derived from measured atmospheric
conditions.
Interactive algorithms: from pool to stream
Creators: name: Sabato, Sivan
name: Hess, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider interactive algorithms in the pool-based setting, and in the stream-based setting. Interactive algorithms observe suggested elements (representing actions or queries), and interactively select some of them and receive responses. Pool-based algorithms can select elements at any order, while stream-based algorithms observe elements in sequence, and can only select elements immediately after observing them. We assume that the suggested elements are generated independently from some source distribution, and ask what is the stream size required for emulating a pool algorithm with a given pool size. We provide algorithms and matching lower bounds for general pool algorithms, and for utility-based pool algorithms. We further show that a maximal gap between the two settings exists also in the special case of active learning for binary classification.
description: Appearing in COLT 2016
UniSAFE: Kaunas University Of Technology – institutional policy to address gender-based violence
Creators: name: Andreska, Zuzana
name: Linkova, Marcela
name: Huck, Averil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gender based-violence
policy framework
gender+
institutional policy

description: UniSAFE has mapped the policies and measures to address and combat GBV in 48 universities and research organisations in 15 European countries. For each institution, the team created Vignettes which present national context, institutional policy, training, role in knowledge production, content of the policy, institutional procedure and implementation of the policy.
Spatial distribution of ultra-diffuse galaxies within large-scale structures
Creators: name: Román, Javier
name: Trujillo, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Taking advantage of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe82 data, we have explored the spatial distribution of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) within an area of 8$\times$8 Mpc$^2$ centred around the galaxy cluster Abell 168 ($z$ = 0.045). This intermediate massive cluster ($σ$ = 550 km s$^{-1}$) is surrounded by a complex large-scale structure. Our work confirms the presence of UDGs in the cluster and in the large-scale structure that surrounds it, and it is the first detection of UDGs outside clusters. Approximately 50 per cent of the UDGs analysed in the selected area inhabit the cluster region ($\sim$11 $\pm$ 5 per cent in the core and $\sim$39 $\pm$ 9 per cent in the outskirts), whereas the remaining UDGs are found outside the main cluster structure ($\sim$50 $\pm$ 11 per cent). The colours and the spatial distribution of the UDGs within this large-scale structure are more similar to the dwarf galaxies than to L$_\star$ galaxies, suggesting that most of UDGs could be bona fide dwarf galaxies.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures. Accepted version for publication in MNRAS
Higher interpolation and extension for persistence modules
Creators: name: Bubenik, Peter
name: de Silva, Vin
name: Nanda, Vidit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N99, 46A22, 18A40

description: The use of topological persistence in contemporary data analysis has provided considerable impetus for investigations into the geometric and functional-analytic structure of the space of persistence modules. In this paper, we isolate a coherence criterion which guarantees the extensibility of non-expansive maps into this space across embeddings of the domain to larger ambient metric spaces. Our coherence criterion is category-theoretic, allowing Kan extensions to provide the desired extensions. Our main construction gives an isometric embedding of a metric space into the metric space of persistence modules with values in the spacetime of this metric space. As a consequence of such "higher interpolation", it becomes possible to compare Vietoris-Rips and Čech complexes built within the space of persistence modules.
description: 12 Pages, 2 Figures
PID-Preventive Transformerless PV Inverter Using a Zigzag-Connected Chopper Converter
Creators: name: Enami, A.
name: Ishii, T.
name: Maki, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
Balance of System Components

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3228-3231
description: Reduced power output in photovoltaic (PV) modules due to Potential Induced Degradation (PID) is
something whose importance has surfaced in recent years. The key solution to PID is to avoid
applying bias voltage to the PV module [1]. Transformerless inverters have many advantages over
galvanic isolation inverters, but normally for transformerless inverters there’s no way to provide a
corrective solution for PID because it applies negative voltage to the PV array [2]. Thanks to the
embedded Zigzag-Connected Chopper (ZCC) circuitry in transformerless inverters, it is possible to
control the negative pole voltage as if it was virtually grounded [3]. The PV module performance has
been experimented assuming that the system is using a transformerless inverter. Experiment
condition was referred for PID usual tests which module manufacture proceeds with testing
companies (e.g. NREL, PI-Berlin etc) [1]. It was confirmed that approx. 40% power reduction
occurred by using common a transformerless PV inverter, and no reduction of PV output power by
using ZCC circuitry. Therefore the inverter embedded with ZCC circuitry is a genuine
“PID-preventive” inverter.
Adaptive risk management
Creators: name: Chen, Ying
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Risikomanagement
subject: Heavy-Tailed Verteilung
subject: Lokale parametrische Methoden
subject: Hochdimensionale Datenanalyse
subject: Risk management
subject: Heavy-tailed distribution
subject: Local parametric methods
subject: High-dimensional data analysis
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: 17 Wirtschaft
subject: QP 300

description: In den vergangenen Jahren ist die Untersuchung des Risikomanagements vom Baselkomitee angeregt, um die Kredit- und Bankwesen regelmäßig zu aufsichten. Für viele multivariate Risikomanagementmethoden gibt es jedoch Beschränkungen von: 1) verlässt sich die Kovarianzschätzung auf eine zeitunabhängige Form, 2) die Modelle beruhen auf eine unrealistischen Verteilungsannahme und 3) numerische Problem, die bei hochdimensionalen Daten auftreten. Es ist das primäre Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit, präzise und schnelle Methoden vorzuschlagen, die diesen Beschränkungen überwinden. Die Grundidee besteht darin, zuerst aus einer hochdimensionalen Zeitreihe die stochastisch unabhängigen Komponenten (IC) zu extrahieren und dann die Verteilungsparameter der resultierenden IC beruhend auf eindimensionale Heavy-Tailed Verteilungsannahme zu identifizieren. Genauer gesagt werden zwei lokale parametrische Methoden verwendet, um den Varianzprozess jeder IC zu schätzen, das lokale Moving Window Average (MVA) Methode und das lokale Exponential Smoothing (ES) Methode. Diese Schätzungen beruhen auf der realistischen Annahme, dass die IC Generalized Hyperbolic (GH) verteilt sind. Die Berechnung ist schneller und erreicht eine höhere Genauigkeit als viele bekannte Risikomanagementmethoden.
description: Over recent years, study on risk management has been prompted by the Basel committee for the requirement of regular banking supervisory. There are however limitations of many risk management methods: 1) covariance estimation relies on a time-invariant form, 2) models are based on unrealistic distributional assumption and 3) numerical problems appear when applied to high-dimensional portfolios. The primary aim of this dissertation is to propose adaptive methods that overcome these limitations and can accurately and fast measure risk exposures of multivariate portfolios. The basic idea is to first retrieve out of high-dimensional time series stochastically independent components (ICs) and then identify the distributional behavior of every resulting IC in univariate space. To be more specific, two local parametric approaches, local moving window average (MWA) method and local exponential smoothing (ES) method, are used to estimate the volatility process of every IC under the heavy-tailed distributional assumption, namely ICs are generalized hyperbolic (GH) distributed. By doing so, it speeds up the computation of risk measures and achieves much better accuracy than many popular risk management methods.
Axiomatics for the external numbers of nonstandard analysis
Creators: name: Dinis, Bruno
name: Berg, Imme van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Neutrices are additive subgroups of a nonstandard model of the real numbers. An external number is the algebraic sum of a nonstandard real number and a neutrix. Due to the stability by some shifts, external numbers may be seen as mathematical models for orders of magnitude. The algebraic properties of external numbers gave rise to the so-called solids, which are extensions of ordered fields, having a restricted distributivity law. However, necessary and sufficient conditions can be given for distributivity to hold. In this article we develop an axiomatics for the external numbers. The axioms are similar to, but mostly somewhat weaker than the axioms for the real numbers and deal with algebraic rules, Dedekind completeness and the Archimedean property. A structure satisfying these axioms is called a complete arithmetical solid. We show that the external numbers form a complete arithmetical solid, implying the consistency of the axioms presented. We also show that the set of precise elements (elements with minimal magnitude) has a built-in nonstandard model of the rationals. Indeed the set of precise elements is situated between the nonstandard rationals and the nonstandard reals whereas the set of non-precise numbers is completely determined.
Non-Linearity of Temperature Coefficients, Equivalent Cell Temperature and Temperature Behaviour of Different PV-Module Technologies
Creators: name: Schweiger, M.
name: Michalski, S.
name: Jahn, U.
name: Herrmann, W.
name: Rau, U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3265-3268
description: The temperature behaviour of PV-modules was investigated in the laboratory and outdoors for different
thin-film technologies as well as crystalline technologies. In a first step the temperature coefficient of the nominal
power, the short circuit current and the open circuit voltage was measured by means of a pulsed solar simulator
according to the IEC standard. In a second step the temperature coefficients were measured for wide temperature
ranges (10 – 90 °C) and for different irradiances (100 – 1100 W/m²) to determine their non-linearity and deviations to
the standard measurement. Real outdoor module data was used to determine the influence of different and non-linear
temperature coefficients on the energy yield. Additionally the equivalent cell temperature method was evaluated for
thin-film modules to estimate the measuring error of back of module temperature measurements.
Failure Analyses of Dark Cells Detected by Electroluminescence (EL) for the 28th EU PVSEC 2013
Creators: name: Wang, G.
name: Gong, H.
name: Zhu, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3173-3179
description: In quality testing of crystalline silicon (Si) PV modules using electroluminescence (EL) imaging,
Suntech observe features such as dark cells, black spots, micro-cracks and inhomogeneous regions. Such features
could cause PV module warranty issues in the future. Root cause investigation to understand the source of these
defects is therefore important. This work is focused on undertaking failure analysis using EL imaging at the module
level to investigate the root causes of four types of dark cell defects.
Vertical Facade Integration of Bifacial PV Modules: Outdoor Testing & Optical Modelling
Creators: name: Soria, B.
name: Gerritsen, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3216-3221
description: Bifacial modules integrated in a double skin vertical façade have been studied using a reduced scale test bench and a
ray-tracing model. The influence of opto-geometrical parameters (double skin distance, reflector, and apertures) as
well as that of the module architecture (electrical and optical) is reported. We found good agreement between
experimental and simulated data for both sunny and cloudy days (R²>96.6%). The optimal distance and maximum
bifacial gain compared to a monofacial reference are comprised between +18% and +20% for distances between 0.5h
and 0.75h (h being the height of the module). In the optimal configuration the bifacial module temperature is found to
be lower than the monofacial temperature, up to -2°C at 1 sun. For shorter distances the non-uniformity of backside
irradiance limits the module electrical output. For this case we tested a module architecture which uses half-cell
strings connected in parallel. Compared to a standard module we obtained a gain up to 4% in a 36° tilted south
orientation (front only) which is attributed to lower resistive losses. However the small scale test bench did not allow
to get experimental evidence of this structure being beneficial under non-uniform backside irradiance. We also
evaluated glass with a unidirectional surface texture on front and backside of a module. This type of glass texture
showed a 3% gain in a 36° south configuration by improved harvesting of low solar angles and diffuse background
radiation. On our vertical façade test bench the textured glass gave a gain between +4% and +6%, originating mainly
from the frontside.
Systematic Experimental Evaluation of Encapsulation Loss and Gain in PV Modules
Creators: name: Mühleisen, W.
name: Neumaier, L.
name: Kogler, A.
name: Plösch, A.
name: Pedevilla, M.
name: Scheurer, J.
name: Messmer, R.
name: Hirschl, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3180-3183
description: Aiming at obtaining reliable values on power loss and gain in PV modules, this work systematically
investigated the effective impact of both established PV technologies and newly suggested improvements in a number
of different combinations. Using different measurement approaches, this systematic investigation was first done using
single-cell mini-modules. Referencing against the power generated by the respective cell alone, the effects of the
various manufacturing stages were analysed. The different PV module components - PV cell, ribbon, encapsulation
material, glass and backsheet – were varied, including new approaches like light capturing glued ribbons (LCR™)
and antireflection coated glasses. The results then were compared to full 60-cell modules, to both validate the results
of the mini-module series and evaluate the effect of a multi-cell vs. a single-cell arrangement. Additionally the results
were measured against plausibility calculations.
Performance Testing of High-Efficient PV Modules Using Single 10 ms Flash Pulses
Creators: name: Ferretti, N.
name: Pelet, Y.
name: Berghold, J.
name: Fakhfouri, V.
name: Grunow, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3184-3187
description: The performance at STC of highly efficient and highly capacitive modules cannot be correctly
measured within one 10 ms flash by applying to the module terminals a standard voltage ramp. Measurement artifacts
due to the module capacitance could lead to an under estimation of the module maximal power. The measurement of
a steady-state-like I-V curve of high capacitive modules requires longer sweep-times which are not reachable within
one single flash. Accordingly, the DragonBack® method was investigated at PI Berlin, which allows for steady-statelike
I-V curve measurements within one 10 ms flash by applying a customized voltage profile to the module. In this
work the suitability of the DragonBack® method for power determination of high efficiency modules is investigated
by comparing measurements performed both with this method and with the multi flash mode.
Power Improvement by Low Cost Light Capturing Film on Interconnect Ribbons and the Cell Spacing of Crystalline Silicon PV Modules
Creators: name: Moon, I.-S.
name: Chung, I.
name: Lee, W.-J.
name: Cho, E.-C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3093-3095
description: To reduce the cost and improve the power of c-Si PV modules, a cost effective material named Light
Capturing Film (LCF) is introduced on the front surfaces of metal ribbons and the cell spacing of the modules. By the
help of the surface structure and high reflecting properties of the LCF, the light on the metal ribbon and cell spacing
is reflected to the cell area and improve the power of the modules. The LCF is moulded in low cost polymers and has
similar in adhesion strength on metal ribbon and back-sheet to EVA generally used as the encapsulation materials in
c-Si PV module. At the optical simulation, the current gain of the designed LCF could be increased by 2% at the
1.5mm width interconnect ribbon and by 2% at the 5mm cell spacing compared to existing materials. At the module
results, the current gain of the LCF is 1.4% at the interconnect ribbon and 0.6% at the cell spacing. The difference
between the simulation and module results is come from the structure deformation during the module lamination
process and will be improved by optimizing the hardness of the LCF.
Indoor Acceleration Program for Snail Track Effect in Silicon Solar Modules
Creators: name: Lee, Y.-H.
name: Chen, S.-H.
name: Lin, Y.-W.
name: Lin, M.-F.
name: Yang, W.-L.
name: Lu, K.-W.
name: Sung, H.-Y.
name: Wu, H.-S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3135-3137
description: The solar industry has been facing a mysterious phenomenon called Snail Tracks in recent years. In
this present work, we have investigated a multicrystalline silicon solar module with snail tracks, which have been in
outdoor exposure for half of a year. This test sequence was applied at ITRI in order to excite or accelerate snail tracks
for production solar modules, and it was also possible to investigate potential power losses in field. We demonstrated
that existing tracks in a silicon module were changed and new tracks were generated, which could be clearly studied
by electroluminescence images and a stander camera under visible and UV light after the test sequences. The module
was also characterized by power, leakage and insulation tests after each accelerating cycle. The affect of the growing
phenomenon of discoloration on solar module performance was studied.
Specialized minimal PDFs for optimized LHC calculations
Creators: name: Carrazza, Stefano
name: Forte, Stefano
name: Kassabov, Zahari
name: Rojo, Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a methodology for the construction of parton distribution functions (PDFs) designed to provide an accurate representation of PDF uncertainties for specific processes or classes of processes with a minimal number of PDF error sets: specialized minimal PDF sets, or SM-PDFs. We construct these SM-PDFs in such a way that sets corresponding to different input processes can be combined without losing information, specifically on their correlations, and that they are robust upon smooth variations of the kinematic cuts. The proposed strategy never discards information, so that the SM-PDF sets can be enlarged by the addition of new processes, until the prior PDF set is eventually recovered for a large enough set of processes. We illustrate the method by producing SM-PDFs tailored to Higgs, top quark pair, and electroweak gauge boson physics, and determine that, when the PDF4LHC15 combined set is used as the prior, around 11, 4 and 11 Hessian eigenvectors respectively are enough to fully describe the corresponding processes.
description: 31 pages, 13 figures. Final version published in Eur. Phys. J. C: typos corrected, discussion of perturbative orders added in sects 2.3 and 3.1
Sparse Recovery from Extreme Eigenvalues Deviation Inequalities
Creators: name: Dallaporta, Sandrine
name: De Castro, Yohann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article provides a new toolbox to derive sparse recovery guarantees from small deviations on extreme singular values or extreme eigenvalues obtained in Random Matrix Theory. This work is based on Restricted Isometry Constants (RICs) which are a pivotal notion in Compressed Sensing and High-Dimensional Statistics as these constants finely assess how a linear operator is conditioned on the set of sparse vectors and hence how it performs in SRSR. While it is an open problem to construct deterministic matrices with apposite RICs, one can prove that such matrices exist using random matrices models. In this paper, we show upper bounds on RICs for Gaussian and Rademacher matrices using state-of-the-art small deviation estimates on their extreme eigenvalues. This allows us to derive a lower bound on the probability of getting SRSR. One benefit of this paper is a direct and explicit derivation of upper bounds on RICs and lower bounds on SRSR from small deviations on the extreme eigenvalues given by Random Matrix theory.
description: 33 pages, 1 figure, final version
A Study on Electrical Performance of N Type Bifacial Module Using Transparent Backsheet
Creators: name: Wang, Z.
name: Sun, Z.
name: Yu, B.
name: Liu, M.
name: Wu, C.
name: Han, S.
name: Li, G.
name: Tian, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3192-3195
description: Transparent backsheet is adopted to encapsulate PV module to take advantages of the potential of N type
monocrystalline silicon bifacial solar cell. Compared with regular module, the power output of bifacial module is significantly
higher than that of regular mono-facial module at different weather conditions. The daily power output of bifacial module
with transparent backsheet is 5.42% higher than regular module after an outdoor test lasting for three months. This indicates
the advantages of the application of transparent backsheet on the N type c-Si solar cells and shows good potential in the
application to rooftop and household photovoltaic system in large scale. Besides, N type bifacial PV module with transparent
backsheet is especially suited to those areas with good irradiance conditions, low temperature and humidity.
New Light Management Concepts for Standard Si Solar Cells Fabricated by Embossing of Polycarbonate Front & Back Sheets
Creators: name: Backes, A.
name: Adamovic, N.
name: Schmid, U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3096-3098
description: In this article the design, realization and the performance evaluation of optical structures in solar modules are
presented. The work aims on redirecting light within a PV module to avoid light loss due to reflections on the
metallization grid and the interspace regions between the single cells. A ray tracing software was used to design
structures which can be implemented by hot embossing into the front and back sheet of a polycarbonate based solar
module. Based on the simulation results test modules were fabricated and characterized by means of I-V
measurements. The results show the usability of ray tracing software for light management purposes in solar modules
and point toward a low cost performance improvement for solar modules.
Low Temperature Interconnection Process by Using Conductive Film for Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Creators: name: Kizawa, K.
name: Shimizu, S.
name: Tanaka, N.
name: Takemura, K.
name: Horiuchi, T.
name: Fujii, M.
name: Fukushima, N.
name: Masuda, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3103-3106
description: Low temperature interconnection process by using the conductive film (CF) consisting of adhesive
resin and dispersed conductive particles was developed for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules. The advantage of
CF is the lower application temperature than that of the soldering process. In this paper, the reliability of CF
interconnection applied to photovoltaic modules was evaluated comparing with the soldering interconnection. As a
result of the thermal cycle (TC) test and damp heat (DH) test according to IEC61215, the degradation of the
maximum power (Pmax) of module (2×2 cells) with CF after TC 600 cycles was less than 1 %, showing the smaller
degradation than that of the module with the soldering. The Pmax degradation after DH 2000 hours was less than 1 %,
also showing the smaller degradation than that with the soldering. Thus, CF interconnection was found to be
applicable to the module interconnection. The degradation of Pmax of the full size modules with 6×7 cellsusing
CF after TC 200 cycles was 1.5 %. There was no degradation of the Pmax after DH 1000 hours.
Aging Characterization of Multi-Layer Films Used as Photovoltaic Module Blacksheets
Creators: name: Oreski, G.
name: Pinter, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3050-3054
description: Laminated multi-layer polymeric films are widely used in technical applications such as photovoltaic
(PV) modules. Since PV modules service life times of at least 20 years are requested, it is absolutely essential to
analyze the durability of polymeric materials and laminates under typical outdoor load conditions.
Mechanical tensile tests proved to a versatile and sensitive characterization method in describing the aging behavior
of polymer films and laminates. Former studies indicated a strong influence of sample preparation on the results of
accelerated weathering tests. Hence, the main objective of this paper was the systematic investigation of the effect of
specimen preparation of laminated multi-layer films on the accelerated weathering test results. In order to investigate
the aging behavior specimens were exposed damp heat conditions (85°C /85 %RH). To investigate the influence of
sample preparation, both precut specimen and whole sheets were exposed. Furthermore two different specimen
geometries were investigated: Strip specimens and dumb bell specimen (ISO527-3).
For the specimen cut after weathering several cracks with size up to a few millimeters were found at the cutting
edges, which can be attributed to the strong embrittlement of the PET layer due to hydrolysis. Regarding different
specimen geometries, after exposure to damp heat conditions significantly different mechanical failure was observed.
Already after 250h for the dumb bell specimen a complex fracture behavior with large-scale delamination and
consecutive failure of the single layers was observed. For the strip specimen instead until 2000h no delamination
effects were detectable. Assumedly the dumb bell specimen geometry promotes strong delamination effects after
weathering. Furthermore, also without delamination during tensile testing an effect of sample geometry was found,
i.e. faster degradation was observed for using dumb bell specimen.
A possible explanation would be differences in the stress distribution within the specimen, where the different
geometries may cause shear or peel stresses. Another reason may be variations in the state of hydrolysis of the
adhesive layer due to different moisture ingress for the two geometries. Summarized it was shown, that specimen
preparation and handling has a significant influence on the outcome of accelerated weathering tests and the
evaluation of aging effects of multi-layer films.
Long Term Analysis of Dielectric DC Strength of Photovoltaic Module Back Side Isolation Sheets under Thermal Influence
Creators: name: Gehle, B.
name: Bogdanski, N.
name: Althaus, J.
name: Schumacher, R.
name: Humpert, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3055-3058
description: Most standard PV modules are rated for a system voltage up to 1000 V. Their safety at such voltage is tested
according to IEC 61730. A test demonstrating the long-time reliability of the insulation strength of a module
under the impact of the electrical field during system voltage is still missing though. With AC applications a
technical specification IEC/TS 61251: ‘Electrical insulating materials – A.C. voltage endurance evaluation’ is
available describing methods to evaluate the voltage endurance over the time.
In order to find comparable methods applicable for the requirements related to PV modules TÜV Rheinland and
Cologne University of Applied Sciences have investigated the practicability of AC voltage endurance testing
procedures to the requirements of DC voltage. First results indicate that the behaviour is close to the description
of AC applications which represent that the time to electric breakdown follows a slope on the logarithmic time to
breakdown axis, named voltage endurance coefficient. Since PV modules operate under maximum system
voltage they usually show temperatures far above the environmental temperatures and generally time to
breakdown is known to be strongly temperature dependent. A specific test set-up was chosen to deliver values up
to 70°C sample temperature.
Impact of Transportation on Silicon Wafer-Based PV Modules
Creators: name: Köntges, M.
name: Siebert, M.
name: De La Dedicación Rodríguez, A.
name: Denz, M.
name: Wegner, M.
name: Illing, R.
name: Wegert, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2960-2967
description: Before a PV module is integrated into a PV system it has to be handled and transported. This part of a
PV module’s life causes some direct returns mostly due to glass breakage. But even when the glass is not broken the
mechanical loads may cause cell cracks in some cases. The cell cracks typically have a very low direct impact on the
PV module performance, but may reduce the durability of the PV module power. Therefore it is imperative to test the
PV module for typical load situations occurring during the transport. There is already a standard to test transport units
of PV modules. However for the development of PV modules this test is quite unsuitable, because the developer does
not know the loads occurring at the module and one must test a whole stack of modules which are often not
accessible at the development stage. Therefore we measured the accelerations of PV module corners during transport
handling and transport for well packed horizontal PV module stacks. For German country roads we found the highest
random vibrations during a transport with a truck company. The reduced power spectral density (PSD) of this random
vibration is quite similar to the PSD spectrum suggested for testing of PV module packages in IEC62759-1. We use
this PSD to test the PV modules on a shaker being attached at the corners of the module to simulate the situation in
the stack. However the suggested test in that standard produces much more cell cracks than found in the transports
where the PSD was generated from. Besides the PSD spectrum we also measured shocks during the transport. An
analysis of different sine shocks shows that only shocks of a specific shock length of about 40 ms and about 20 ms
and maximum amplitude higher than 20 m/s can affect the PV modules. We suggest a combined application of the
shocks and PSD test procedure to reproduce realistic transport conditions.
On the Discrepancy between Leakage Currents and Potential-Induced Degradation of Cristalline Silicon Modules
Creators: name: Naumann, V.
name: Ilse, K.
name: Hagendorf, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2994-2997
description: SiNx antireflective layers with increased (electronic) conductivity can be applied to prevent potentialinduced
degradation (PID) of solar cells. In this contribution the impact of the SiNx layer conductivity on the leakage
currents and the voltage distribution within the complete solar module layer stack is systematically investigated. XPS
results show a correlation between the number of Si-Si bonds within the SiNx and the conductivity of SiNx layers as
well as their optical properties. The SiNx layer conductivity is experimentally proven to have a crucial influence on
the voltage drop across the SiNx layer. This voltage drop is assumed as the main driving force for PID, leading to
field induced ion migration. Beyond that the SiNx layer conductivity has shown no significant influence on the
leakage current in a module stack. Based on a series resistance circuit, representing a voltage divider, an analytical
model of the relevant currents and potentials is developed. On this basis, existing approaches for PID prevention are
discussed.
6D Interpretation of 3D Gravity
Creators: name: Herfray, Yannick
name: Krasnov, Kirill
name: Scarinci, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that 3D gravity, in its pure connection formulation, admits a natural 6D interpretation. The 3D field equations for the connection are equivalent to 6D Hitchin equations for the Chern-Simons 3-form in the total space of the principal bundle over the 3-dimensional base. Turning this construction around one gets an explanation of why the pure connection formulation of 3D gravity exists. More generally, we interpret 3D gravity as the dimensional reduction of the 6D Hitchin theory. To this end, we show that any SU(2) invariant closed 3-form in the total space of the principal SU(2) bundle can be parametrised by a connection together with a 2-form field on the base. The dimensional reduction of the 6D Hitchin theory then gives rise to 3D gravity coupled to a topological 2-form field.
description: v2: published version, minor changes, 37 pages, no figures
Development of an IEC Test for Crystalline Silicon Modules to Qualify their Resistance to System Voltage Stress
Creators: name: Hacke, P.
name: Smith, R.
name: Terwilliger, K.
name: Perrin, G.
name: Sekulic, B.
name: Kurtz, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2944-2952
description: IEC 62804 Ed. 1, System voltage durability qualification test for crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules, is
being developed. First, two module designs are compared in chamber and in the natural environment of Florida
(USA). From these results, a stress level of 60°C, 85% relative humidity, a bias of nameplate system voltage, 96 h
dwell, and a pass/fail limit of 5% relative power degradation at 25°C and 1000 W/m2 irradiance is initially
proposed for the draft protocol. This paper next focuses on one of the main controversies within the development
of this standard—the use of damp heat in an environmental chamber versus a conductive foil to complete the
circuit to ground during the test. Conventional 60-cell multicrystalline silicon modules with 1) a standard
aluminum frame, 2) a modified frame, and 3) a rear rail design were tested for potential-induced degradation
(PID). These three module designs were stressed at the draft protocol conditions stated above and outdoors,
applying negative system voltage bias during hours of daylight to simulate array voltage. The damp heat
environmental chamber tests run according to the protocol distinguish the relative resistance of five module
designs to PID in the field and correctly rank-order the durability in the field to the extent tested (up to 28
months). Finally, the degradation rate is determined at 25°C using a foil to ground the module face on a subset of
modules susceptible to PID, and the results with respect to measured field performance of the modules are
discussed.
Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Mnih, Volodymyr
name: Badia, Adrià Puigdomènech
name: Mirza, Mehdi
name: Graves, Alex
name: Lillicrap, Timothy P.
name: Harley, Tim
name: Silver, David
name: Kavukcuoglu, Koray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a conceptually simple and lightweight framework for deep reinforcement learning that uses asynchronous gradient descent for optimization of deep neural network controllers. We present asynchronous variants of four standard reinforcement learning algorithms and show that parallel actor-learners have a stabilizing effect on training allowing all four methods to successfully train neural network controllers. The best performing method, an asynchronous variant of actor-critic, surpasses the current state-of-the-art on the Atari domain while training for half the time on a single multi-core CPU instead of a GPU. Furthermore, we show that asynchronous actor-critic succeeds on a wide variety of continuous motor control problems as well as on a new task of navigating random 3D mazes using a visual input.
Abundance of fast growth of the number of periodic points in 2-dimensional area-preserving dynamics
Creators: name: Asaoka, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37C35

description: We prove that there exists an open subset of the set of real-analytic Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of a closed surface in which diffeomorphisms exhibiting fast growth of the number of periodic points are dense. We also prove that there exists an open subset of the set of smooth area-preserving diffeomorphisms of a closed surface in which typical diffeomorphisms exhibit fast growth of the number of periodic points.
description: 19 pages, no figures
Degradation Mechanism of Photovoltaic Modules by Extended Damp-Heat or Thermal-Cycle Test
Creators: name: Masuda, A.
name: Yamamoto, C.
name: Hara, Y.
name: Inoue, M.
name: Uchiyama, N.
name: Doi, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: COMPONENTS FOR PV SYSTEMS
PV Modules

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2978-2981
description: Long-term reliability of PV modules is usually confirmed by indoor acceleration test, such as dampheat
(DH), thermal-cycle (TC) and humidity-freeze (HF) tests. In this study degradation by extending those tests was
observed for both crystalline Si and thin-film Si PV modules. Electrode corrosion and stress around interconnector
ribbons are main origin of degradation by DH test and TC or HF test, respectively, for crystalline Si PV modules.
Necessity of expanded and combined novel test methods is also discussed.