Stegana Meigen 1830
Creators: name: Li, Tong
name: Cao, Huazhi
name: Gao, Jianjun
name: Chen, Hongwei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Drosophilidae
Stegana

description: STEGANA (S.S.) MEIGEN, 1830   
 Stegana Meigen, 1830: 79.   
 Type species: Stegana nigra Meigen, 1830.   
 Diagnosis: Main axis of eye vertical; face yellow, unicolorous; palpus large and black, with numerous small setae (modified from Bächli et al., 2004).   
 Description: Male and female: Eyes red. Ocellar triangle black, with a pair of small setae above ocellar setae. Postvertical setae slightly behind vertex ridge. Frons with several minute setulae medially. Proclinate orbital setae nearer to ptilinal fissure than to inner vertical setae. Pedicel yellow; arista plumose, with pubescence between dorsal and ventral branches. Lunule brown to black. Facial carina absent; gena yellowish brown, black at vibrissa corners. Vibrissa prominent; other orals small. Occiput glossy, yellow, black around occipital foramen. Thorax yellow to dark brown. Mesopleuron with a black longitudinal stripe above (running from propleuron to base of halter). Postpronotal lobe with one long and a few small setae. Acrostichal setulae in approximately ten irregular rows. One pair of prescutellar setae. Scutellum with basal setae divergent, apical setae cruciate. Wing dark brown anteriorly, paler posteriorly, yellowish at tip; curved downward on distal part. Basal medial–cubital cross-vein present; vein C 1 with two setae, less differentiated. Costal vein with six to eight minute spinules on ventral surface before vein R 4+5. Vein R 2+3 markedly curved to costa at tip; veins R 4+5 and M 1 convergent distally. Halters white. Fore femur with one row (four to six) of setae on ventral surface. Apical seta present on mid tibia. Preapical dorsal setae present on all tibiae. Mid tibia with five to six strong setae on basal part of dorsal surface. Mid and hind tarsomeres with two and one row(s) of minute cuneiform setulae on ventral surface, respectively; fore and hind tarsomeres I slightly shorter than the rest combined; mid tarsomere I longer than the rest combined. Abdominal sternites broadened, wider than long.   
Male terminalia. Epandrium pubescent except for anterior margin, with numerous setae on dorsal to posterolateral portion on each side (Figs 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 34). Surstylus anterodorsally fused with epandrium, with several setae on outer surface (Figs 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, 35). Cercus separated from epandrium, setigerous, mostly lacking pubescence (Figs 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 34). Hypandrium anteromedially protruded and broadened (Figs 6, 10, 17, 24, 31, 36). Gonopods fused to each other, forming posteromedian lobe, strongly sclerotized, posterolaterally contiguous to posterior ends of hypandrium (Figs 6, 10, 17, 24, 31, 36). Parameres developed, sometimes fused with each other (Figs 7, 8, 11, 12, 18, 19, 25, 26, 32, 33, 37, 38). Aedeagus mostly with tentacle-like setae distally (Figs 7, 8, 11, 12, 18, 19, 25, 26, 32, 33, 37, 38). Aedeagal apodeme strong, contiguous to base of aedeagus (Figs 7, 8, 11, 12, 18, 19, 25, 26, 32, 33, 37, 38).  
Female terminalia. Epiproct and cercus not pubescent (Figs 6, 13, 20, 27, 39); oviscapt (sternite VIII) and hypoproct mostly with numerous setae and pubescence (Figs 7, 14, 21, 28, 40).
description: Published as part of Li, Tong, Cao, Huazhi, Gao, Jianjun & Chen, Hongwei, 2010, A revision of the subgenus Stegana (s. s.) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from mainland China, pp. 726-739 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (4) on pages 728-729, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00575.x, http://zenodo.org/record/4720108