cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Investigating the role of niche-derived secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in human hematological malignancies
Creators: name: Burghardt, Ewelina Katarzyna
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2023

description: The dynamic interactions between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their surrounding bone marrow (BM) microenvironment have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of normal hematopoiesis, but were also implicated in the contribution to its deregulation and hematological malignancies. Therefore, the components of the BM niche, both cellular and non-cellular, and their role in the tumor formation, growth and treatment have been extensively studied in the past years. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) has been recognized as a multi-faceted matricellular glycoprotein involved in the regulation of essential cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, differentiation or adhesion. Moreover, the heterogeneous expression of SPARC is associated with various types of solid cancer. The role it plays in tumorigenesis appears to be complex and not well understood. A similar situation is observed in the context of hematological neoplasms. So far, however, no study has investigated the relevance of stromal SPARC in human acute myeloid/lymphoblastic leukemia (AML/ALL) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in vivo. In the scope of this thesis, the function of niche-derived SPARC was explored in human hematological malignancies in an in vivo setting. Initially, using a CRISPR-modified mouse model, it was demonstrated that deficiency of niche-produced SPARC affects the behaviour of human leukemic cells in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Interestingly, the absence of this protein appeared to have pleiotropic effects depending on the subtype of leukemia that was under investigation. The lack of niche-expression of SPARC led to an acceleration of a disease in case of MLLR-AML, while it significantly decreased the leukemic burden for CN-AML and relapsed pediatric B-ALL patient samples. Moreover, it was shown that the stromal-deficiency of SPARC affects the self-renewal capacity of leukemic stem cells in the diagnostic B-ALL samples. The studies were further expanded to human MDS. Using fully-humanized BM in vitro models, the loss of SPARC expression, particularly in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), was shown to increase the proliferation of MDS-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and sensitize these cells to the standard of care therapy. Importantly, these findings were also verified in in vivo PDX models of MDS. Taken together, using solely human patient samples, the differential roles of stromal SPARC were uncovered in different hematological malignancies. The subsequent identification of mediators of SPARC effects in malignant cells may reveal new therapeutic targets that could contribute to improving the outcome for patients diagnosed with respective diseases.
Direct Visualization of 2D Topological Insulator in Single-layer 1T'-WTe2
Creators: name: Jia, Zhen-Yu
name: Song, Ye-Heng
name: Li, Xiang-Bing
name: Ran, Kejing
name: Lu, Pengchao
name: Zheng, Hui-Jun
name: Zhu, Xin-Yang
name: Shi, Zhi-Qiang
name: Sun, Jian
name: Wen, Jinsheng
name: Xing, Dingyu
name: Li, Shao-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We grow nearly freestanding single-layer 1T'-WTe2 on graphitized 6H-SiC(0001) by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and characterize its electronic structure with scanning tunneling microscopy / spectroscopy (STM/STS). We demonstrate the existence of topological edge states at the periphery of single-layer WTe2 islands. Surprisingly, we also find a band gap in the bulk and the semiconducting behaviors of the single-layer WTe2 at low temperature, which is likely resulted from an incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) transition. The realization of two-dimensional topological insulators (2D TIs) in single-layer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) thus provides a promising platform for further exploration of the 2D TIs' physics and related applications.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, submitted on Feb 13, 2017 to Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communications) 2017
Flow Equation of N=1 Supersymmetric O(N) Nonlinear Sigma Model in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Aoki, Sinya
name: Kikuchi, Kengo
name: Onogi, Tetsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the flow equation for the $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric $O(N)$ nonlinear sigma model in two dimensions, which cannot be given by the gradient of the action, as evident from dimensional analysis. Imposing the condition on the flow equation that it respects both the supersymmetry and the $O(N)$ symmetry, we show that the flow equation has a specific form, which however contains an undetermined function of the supersymmetric derivatives $D$ and $\bar D$. Taking the most simple choice, we propose a flow equation for this model. As an application of the flow equation, we give the solution of the equation at the leading order in the large $N$ expansion. The result shows that the flow of the superfield in the model is dominated by the scalar term, since the supersymmetry is unbroken in the original model. It is also shown that the two point function of the superfield is finite at the leading order of the large $N$ expansion.
description: 17 pages; v2: published version
Computing an Approximately Optimal Agreeable Set of Items
Creators: name: Manurangsi, Pasin
name: Suksompong, Warut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the problem of finding a small subset of items that is \emph{agreeable} to all agents, meaning that all agents value the subset at least as much as its complement. Previous work has shown worst-case bounds, over all instances with a given number of agents and items, on the number of items that may need to be included in such a subset. Our goal in this paper is to efficiently compute an agreeable subset whose size approximates the size of the smallest agreeable subset for a given instance. We consider three well-known models for representing the preferences of the agents: ordinal preferences on single items, the value oracle model, and additive utilities. In each of these models, we establish virtually tight bounds on the approximation ratio that can be obtained by algorithms running in polynomial time.
description: A preliminary version appeared in Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2017
Quasilocal Conservation Laws in the Quantum Hirota Model
Creators: name: Zadnik, Lenart
name: Prosen, Tomaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensivity of conservation laws of the quantum Hirota model on a $1+1$ dimensional lattice is considered. This model can be interpreted in terms of an integrable many-body quantum Floquet dynamics. We establish the procedure to generate a continuous family of quasilocal conservation laws from the conserved operators proposed by Faddeev and Volkov. The Hilbert-Schmidt kernel which allows the calculation of inner products of these new conservation laws is explicitly computed. This result has potential applications in quantum quench and transport problems in integrable quantum field theories.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
The Cheeger constant of a Jordan domain without necks
Creators: name: Leonardi, Gian Paolo
name: Neumayer, Robin
name: Saracco, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49K20, 35J93, 49Q20

description: We show that the maximal Cheeger set of a Jordan domain $Ω$ without necks is the union of all balls of radius $r = h(Ω)^{-1}$ contained in $Ω$. Here, $h(Ω)$ denotes the Cheeger constant of $Ω$, that is, the infimum of the ratio of perimeter over area among subsets of $Ω$, and a Cheeger set is a set attaining the infimum. The radius $r$ is shown to be the unique number such that the area of the inner parallel set $Ω^r$ is equal to $πr^2$. The proof of the main theorem requires the combination of several intermediate facts, some of which are of interest in their own right. Examples are given demonstrating the generality of the result as well as the sharpness of our assumptions. In particular, as an application of the main theorem, we illustrate how to effectively approximate the Cheeger constant of the Koch snowflake.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures
Stationary states in the many-particle description of Bose-Einstein condensates with balanced gain and loss
Creators: name: Dast, Dennis
name: Haag, Daniel
name: Cartarius, Holger
name: Main, Jörg
name: Wunner, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bose-Einstein condensates with balanced gain and loss can support stationary states despite the exchange of particles with the environment. In the mean-field approximation this is described by the PT-symmetric Gross-Pitaevskii equation with real eigenvalues. In this work we study the role of stationary states in the appropriate many-particle description. It is shown that without particle interaction there exist two non-oscillating trajectories which can be interpreted as the many-particle equivalent of the stationary PT-symmetric mean-field states. Furthermore the system has a non-equilibrium steady state which acts as an attractor in the oscillating regime. This steady state is a pure condensate for strong gain and loss contributions if the interaction between the particles is sufficiently weak.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, additions in the text
The balanced Voronoi formulas for GL(n)
Creators: name: Miller, Stephen D.
name: Zhou, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F30 (Primary), 11F68, 11L05

description: In this paper we show how the GL(N) Voronoi summation formula of [MiSc2] can be rewritten to incorporate hyper-Kloosterman sums of various dimensions on both sides. This generalizes a formula for GL(4) with ordinary Kloosterman sums on both sides that was considered by Xiaoqing Li and the first-named author, and later by the second-named author in [Zho].
Profinite completions of Burnside-type quotients of surface groups
Creators: name: Funar, Louis
name: Lochak, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57 M 07, 20 F 36, 20 G 20, 22 E 40

description: Using quantum representations of mapping class groups we prove that profinite completions of Burnside-type surface group quotients are not virtually prosolvable, in general. Further, we construct infinitely many finite simple characteristic quotients of surface groups.
description: revised version, 17p
title: GeoNet Shaking Layer Tool: guidelines for end-users
Creators: name: Horspool, Nick A.
name: Kaiser, Anna E.
name: Goded, Tatiana
name: Charlton, Danielle H.
name: Moratalla, Jose M.
name: Chadwick, Mark P.
name: Groom, Josh
name: Houltham, Jeremy P.
name: Andrews, Elizabeth R.
name: Fry, Bill
name: Hanson, Jonathan B.
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2023

description: This report contains the user guidelines for GNS Shaking Layers, a tool that produces near-real-time shaking intensity maps following magnitude 3.5 or above earthquakes in New Zealand. Shaking Layers is a GNS Science product supported by GeoNet and the Rapid Characterisation of Earthquakes and Tsunami (R-CET) programme. The Shaking Layers tool uses the ShakeMap software developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to generate shaking maps. The guidelines focus on four topics: (1) overview of the Shaking Layers system and description of outputs; (2) the New-Zealand-specific data, models and configurations used in ShakeMapNZ; (3) guidelines for interpreting Shaking Layers data and maps; and (4) how to generate bespoke maps, as needed by the user, using the outputs provided by Shaking Layers. (auth)
On the deuterium abundance and the importance of stellar mass loss in the interstellar and intergalactic medium
Creators: name: van de Voort, Freeke
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André
name: Kereš, Dušan
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Chan, T. K.
name: Feldmann, Robert
name: Hafen, Zachary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantify the gas-phase abundance of deuterium and fractional contribution of stellar mass loss to the gas in cosmological zoom-in simulations from the Feedback In Realistic Environments project. At low metallicity, our simulations confirm that the deuterium abundance is very close to the primordial value. The chemical evolution of the deuterium abundance that we derive here agrees quantitatively with analytical chemical evolution models. We furthermore find that the relation between the deuterium and oxygen abundance exhibits very little scatter. We compare our simulations to existing high-redshift observations in order to determine a primordial deuterium fraction of 2.549 +/- 0.033 x 10^-5 and stress that future observations at higher metallicity can also be used to constrain this value. At fixed metallicity, the deuterium fraction decreases slightly with decreasing redshift, due to the increased importance of mass loss from intermediate-mass stars. We find that the evolution of the average deuterium fraction in a galaxy correlates with its star formation history. Our simulations are consistent with observations of the Milky Way's interstellar medium: the deuterium fraction at the solar circle is 85-92 per cent of the primordial deuterium fraction. We use our simulations to make predictions for future observations. In particular, the deuterium abundance is lower at smaller galactocentric radii and in higher mass galaxies, showing that stellar mass loss is more important for fuelling star formation in these regimes (and can even dominate). Gas accreting onto galaxies has a deuterium fraction above that of the galaxies' interstellar medium, but below the primordial fraction, because it is a mix of gas accreting from the intergalactic medium and gas previously ejected or stripped from galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Revised version: expanded discussion and added Figure 2 (residual dependence on iron abundance)
อิทธิพลของกำลังรับแรงอัดและตำแหน่งการเทต่อกำลังรับแรงดัดของมอร์ตาร์อัดแน่นด้วยตัวเองเสริมเส้นใยพอลิโพรไพลีน
Creators: name: อนุวัฒน์ อรรถไชยวุฒิ
Publisher: name: King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
Year: 2023
Subjects: Pouring Position
Self-Compacting Mortar
Polypropylene Fiber
Flexural Strength
Compressive Strength

description: KMUTT Research and Development Journal, 46, 3, 267-281
Cosmological discordances: a new measure, marginalization effects, and application to geometry vs growth current data sets
Creators: name: Lin, Weikang
name: Ishak, Mustapha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The continuous progress toward more precise cosmological surveys and experiments has galvanized recent interest into consistency tests on cosmological parameters and models. At the heart of this effort is quantifying the degree of inconsistency between two or more cosmological data sets. We introduce an intuitive moment-based measure we call the \textit{index of inconsistency} (IOI) and show that it is sensitive to the separation of the means, the size of the constraint ellipsoids, and their orientations in the parameter space. We find that it tracks accurately the inconsistencies when present. Next, we show that parameter marginalization can cause a loss of information on the inconsistency between two experiments and we quantify such a loss using the drop in IOI. In order to zoom on a given parameter, we define the relative residual IOI and the relative drop in IOI. While these two quantities can provide insights on the parameters that are most responsible for inconsistencies, we find that the full IOI applied to the whole parameter spaces is what must be used to correctly reflect the degree of inconsistency between two experiments. We discuss various properties of IOI, provide its eigenmode decomposition, and compare it to other measures of discordance. Finally, we apply IOI to current geometry data sets (i.e. an improved Supernovae Type Ia compilation, baryon acoustic oscillations from 6dF, SDSS MGS and Lyman-$α$ forest, and high-$\ell$ CMB temperature data from Planck-2015) versus growth data sets (i.e. Redshift Space Distortions from WiggleZ and SDSS, Weak Lensing from CFHTLenS, CMB Lensing, Sunyav-Zeldovich effect, and low-$\ell$ CMB temperature and polarization data from Planck-2015). We find that a persistent inconsistency is present between the two data sets. This could reflect the presence of systematics in the data or inconsistencies in the underlying model.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures; matches version published in PRD
Schur P-positivity and involution Stanley symmetric functions
Creators: name: Hamaker, Zachary
name: Marberg, Eric
name: Pawlowski, Brendan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The involution Stanley symmetric functions $\hat{F}_y$ are the stable limits of the analogues of Schubert polynomials for the orbits of the orthogonal group in the flag variety. These symmetric functions are also generating functions for involution words, and are indexed by the involutions in the symmetric group. By construction each $\hat{F}_y$ is a sum of Stanley symmetric functions and therefore Schur positive. We prove the stronger fact that these power series are Schur $P$-positive. We give an algorithm to efficiently compute the decomposition of $\hat{F}_y$ into Schur $P$-summands, and prove that this decomposition is triangular with respect to the dominance order on partitions. As an application, we derive pattern avoidance conditions which characterize the involution Stanley symmetric functions which are equal to Schur $P$-functions. We deduce as a corollary that the involution Stanley symmetric function of the reverse permutation is a Schur $P$-function indexed by a shifted staircase shape. These results lead to alternate proofs of theorems of Ardila-Serrano and DeWitt on skew Schur functions which are Schur $P$-functions. We also prove new Pfaffian formulas for certain related involution Schubert polynomials.
description: 38 pages, 3 figures; v2: some typos corrected, updated references; v3: various corrections and a few new results, article now split into two parts with the second half its own submission; v4: updated references and fixed typos, final version
Elliptic complex on the Grassmannian of oriented 2-planes
Creators: name: Salac, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J10, 53C35, 53C07

description: The Grassmannian $V_2(\mathbb{R}^{n+2})$ of oriented 2-planes in $\mathbb R^{n+2}$ where $n\ge3$ carries a homogeneous parabolic contact structure of Grassmannian type. The main result of this article is that on $V_2(\mathbb{R}^{n+2})$ lives an elliptic complex of invariant differential operators of length 3 which starts with the 2-Dirac operator and that the index of the complex is zero.
description: revised version, comments are welcome
Characterization theorem for the conditionally computable real functions
Creators: name: Georgiev, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.1.1; F.1.3

description: The class of uniformly computable real functions with respect to a small subrecursive class of operators computes the elementary functions of calculus, restricted to compact subsets of their domains. The class of conditionally computable real functions with respect to the same class of operators is a proper extension of the class of uniformly computable real functions and it computes the elementary functions of calculus on their whole domains. The definition of both classes relies on certain transformations of infinitistic names of real numbers. In the present paper, the conditional computability of real functions is characterized in the spirit of Tent and Ziegler, avoiding the use of infinitistic names.
Unified approach to redshift in cosmological /black hole spacetimes and synchronous frame
Creators: name: Toporensky, A.
name: Zaslavskii, O.
name: Popov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Usually, interpretation of redshift in static spacetimes (for example, near black holes) is opposed to that in cosmology. In this methodological note we show that both explanations are unified in a natural picture. This is achieved if considering the static spacetime one (i) makes a transition to a synchronous frame, (ii) returns to the original frame by means of local Lorentz boost. To reach our goal, we consider a rather general class of spherically symmetric spacetimes. In doing so, we construct frames that generalize the well-known Lemaitre and Painlevé--Gullstand ones and elucidate the relation between them. This helps to understanding in an unifying approach, how gravitation reveals itself in different branches of general relativity. This can be useful for general relativity university courses.
description: 20 pages, no figures. Published version
Mutually attracting spin waves in the square-lattice quantum antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Powalski, M.
name: Schmidt, K. P.
name: Uhrig, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Heisenberg model for S=1/2 describes the interacting spins of electrons localized on lattice sites due to strong repulsion. It is the simplest strong-coupling model in condensed matter physics with wide-spread applications. Its relevance has been boosted further by the discovery of curate high-temperature superconductors. In leading order, their undoped parent compounds realize the Heisenberg model on square-lattices. Much is known about the model, but mostly at small wave vectors, i.e., for long-range processes, where the physics is governed by spin waves (magnons), the Goldstone bosons of the long-range ordered antiferromagnetic phase. Much less, however, is known for short-range processes, i.e., at large wave vectors. Yet these processes are decisive for understanding high-temperature superconductivity. Recent reports suggest that one has to resort to qualitatively different fractional excitations, spinons. By contrast, we present a comprehensive picture in terms of dressed magnons with strong mutual attraction on short length scales. The resulting spectral signatures agree strikingly with experimental data
description: substantially extended version, 41 pages, 9 figures submitted to SciPost
Galois connection for multiple-output operations
Creators: name: Jeřábek, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 08A40, 06F05

description: It is a classical result from universal algebra that the notions of polymorphisms and invariants provide a Galois connection between suitably closed classes (clones) of finitary operations $f\colon B^n\to B$, and classes (coclones) of relations $r\subseteq B^k$. We will present a generalization of this duality to classes of (multi-valued, partial) functions $f\colon B^n\to B^m$, employing invariants valued in partially ordered monoids instead of relations. In particular, our set-up encompasses the case of permutations $f\colon B^n\to B^n$, motivated by problems in reversible computing.
description: 36 pages; to appear in Algebra Universalis
Neutrino CP phases from Sneutrino Chaotic Inflation
Creators: name: Nakayama, Kazunori
name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study if the minimal sneutrino chaotic inflation is consistent with a flavor symmetry of the Froggatt-Nielsen type, to derive testable predictions on the Dirac and Majorana CP violating phases, $δ$ and $α$. For successful inflation, the two right-handed neutrinos, i.e., the inflaton and stabilizer fields, must be degenerate in mass. First we find that the lepton flavor symmetry structure becomes less manifest in the light neutrino masses in the seesaw mechanism, and this tendency becomes most prominent when right-handed neutrinos are degenerate. Secondly, the Dirac CP phase turns out to be sensitive to whether the shift symmetry breaking depends on the lepton flavor symmetry. When the flavor symmetry is imposed only on the stabilizer Yukawa couplings, distributions of the CP phases are peaked at $δ\simeq \pm π/4, \pm 3π/4$ and $α= 0$, while the vanishing and maximal Dirac CP phases are disfavored. On the other hand, when the flavor symmetry is imposed on both the inflaton and stabilizer Yukawa couplings, it is rather difficult to explain the observed neutrino data, and those parameters consistent with the observation prefer the vanishing CP phases $δ= 0, π$ and $α= 0$.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures. Matches published version
Probing vector-like quark models with Higgs-boson pair production
Creators: name: Cacciapaglia, Giacomo
name: Cai, Haiying
name: Carvalho, Alexandra
name: Deandrea, Aldo
name: Flacke, Thomas
name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Majumder, Devdatta
name: Shao, Hua-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate Higgs-boson pair production at the LHC when the final state system arises from decays of vector-like quarks coupling to the Higgs boson and the Standard Model quarks. Our phenomenological study includes next-to-leading-order QCD corrections, which are important to guarantee accurate predictions, and focuses on a detailed analysis of a di-Higgs signal in the four $b$-jet channel. Whereas existing Run II CMS and ATLAS analyses are not specifically designed for probing non-resonant, vector-like-quark induced, di-Higgs production, we show that they nevertheless offer some potential for these modes. We then investigate the possibility of distinguishing between the various di-Higgs production mechanisms by exploiting the kinematic properties of the signal.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures and 1 table; figure 1 is updated for correct bound, references are added, version matches with article published in JHEP
The Classical Limit of Entropic Quantum Dynamics
Creators: name: Demme, Anthony
name: Caticha, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The framework of entropic dynamics (ED) allows one to derive quantum mechanics as an application of entropic inference. In this work we derive the classical limit of quantum mechanics in the context of ED. Our goal is to find conditions so that the center of mass (CM) of a system of N particles behaves as a classical particle. What is of interest is that Planck's constant remains finite at all steps in the calculation and that the classical motion is obtained as the result of a central limit theorem. More explicitly we show that if the system is sufficiently large, and if the CM is initially uncorrelated with other degrees of freedom, then the CM follows a smooth trajectory and obeys the classical Hamilton-Jacobi with a vanishing quantum potential.
description: Presented at MaxEnt 2016, the 36th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering (July 10-15, 2016, Ghent, Belgium). In version 2 some typos and an algebra mistake are corrected. The corrections do not affect the conclusions
Effect of instantaneous and continuous quenches on the density of vibrational modes in model glasses
Creators: name: Lerner, Edan
name: Bouchbinder, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computational studies of supercooled liquids often focus on various analyses of their "underlying inherent states" --- the glassy configurations at zero temperature obtained by an infinitely-fast (instantaneous) quench from equilibrium supercooled states. Similar protocols are also regularly employed in investigations of the unjamming transition at which the rigidity of decompressed soft-sphere packings is lost. Here we investigate the statistics and localization properties of low-frequency vibrational modes of glassy configurations obtained by such instantaneous quenches. We show that the density of vibrational modes grows as $ω^β$ with $β$ depending on the parent temperature $T_{0}$ from which the glassy configurations were instantaneously quenched. For quenches from high temperature liquid states we find $β\!\approx\!3$, whereas $β$ appears to approach the previously-observed value $β\!=\!4$ as $T_0$ approaches the glass transition temperature. We discuss the consistency of our findings with the theoretical framework of the Soft Potential Model, and contrast them with similar measurements performed on configurations obtained by continuous quenches at finite cooling rates. Our results suggest that any physical quench at rates sufficiently slower than the inverse vibrational timescale --- including all physically-realistic quenching rates of molecular or atomistic glasses --- would result in a glass whose density of vibrational modes is universally characterized by $β\!=\!4$.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Summary of changes: slightly modified title + added author, figure and discussion + expanded supplemental material
Unitarity Problems in 3$D$ Gravity Theories
Creators: name: Alkac, Gokhan
name: Basanisi, Luca
name: Kilicarslan, Ercan
name: Tekin, Bayram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the problem of the bulk-boundary unitarity clash in 2 + 1 dimensional gravity theories, which has been an obstacle in providing a viable dual two-dimensional conformal field theory for bulk gravity in anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. Chiral gravity, which is a particular limit of cosmological topologically massive gravity (TMG), suffers from pertur- bative log-modes with negative energies inducing a non-unitary logarithmic boundary field theory. We show here that any f(R) extension of TMG does not improve the situation. We also study the perturbative modes in the metric formulation of minimal massive gravity- originally constructed in a first-order formulation-and find that the massive mode has again negative energy except in the chiral limit. We comment on this issue and also discuss a possible solution to the problem of negative energy modes. In any of these theories, the infinitesimal dangerous deformations might not be integrable to full solutions; this suggests a linearization instability of AdS spacetime in the direction of the perturbative log-modes.
description: 15 pages, matches the Physics. Rev. D version
Quantum Theory is a Quasi-stochastic Process Theory
Creators: name: van de Wetering, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a long history of representing a quantum state using a quasi-probability distribution: a distribution allowing negative values. In this paper we extend such representations to deal with quantum channels. The result is a convex, strongly monoidal, functorial embedding of the category of trace preserving completely positive maps into the category of quasi-stochastic matrices. This establishes quantum theory as a subcategory of quasi-stochastic processes. Such an embedding is induced by a choice of minimal informationally complete POVM's. We show that any two such embeddings are naturally isomorphic. The embedding preserves the dagger structure of the categories if and only if the POVM's are symmetric, giving a new use of SIC-POVM's, objects that are of foundational interest in the QBism community. We also study general convex embeddings of quantum theory and prove a dichotomy that such an embedding is either trivial or faithful.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2017, arXiv:1802.09737
Spin-orbit coupled interferometry with ring-trapped Bose--Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Helm, John L.
name: Billam, Thomas P.
name: Rakonjac, Ana
name: Cornish, Simon L.
name: Gardiner, Simon A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method of atom-interferometry using a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with a time-varying magnetic field acting as a coherent beam-splitter. Our protocol creates long-lived superpositional counterflow states, which are of fundamental interest and can be made sensitive to both the Sagnac effect and magnetic fields on the sub-micro-G scale. We split a ring-trapped condensate, initially in the $m_f=0$ hyperfine state, into superpositions of internal $m_f=\pm1$ states and condensate superflow, which are spin-orbit coupled. After interrogation, relative phase accumulation can be inferred from a population transfer to the $m_f=\pm1$ states. The counterflow generation protocol is adiabatically deterministic and does not rely on coupling to additional optical fields or mechanical stirring techniques. Our protocol can maximise the classical Fisher information for any rotation, magnetic field, or interrigation time, and so has the maximum sensitivity available to uncorrelated particles. Precision can increase with the interrogation time, and so is limited only by the lifetime of the condensate.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
An Equation-By-Equation Method for Solving the Multidimensional Moment Constrained Maximum Entropy Problem
Creators: name: Hao, Wenrui
name: Harlim, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An equation-by-equation (EBE) method is proposed to solve a system of nonlinear equations arising from the moment constrained maximum entropy problem of multidimensional variables. The design of the EBE method combines ideas from homotopy continuation and Newton's iterative methods. Theoretically, we establish the local convergence under appropriate conditions and show that the proposed method, geometrically, finds the solution by searching along the surface corresponding to one component of the nonlinear problem. We will demonstrate the robustness of the method on various numerical examples, including: (1) A six-moment one-dimensional entropy problem with an explicit solution that contains components of order $10^0-10^3$ in magnitude; (2) Four-moment multidimensional entropy problems with explicit solutions where the resulting systems to be solved ranging from $70-310$ equations; (3) Four- to eight-moment of a two-dimensional entropy problem, which solutions correspond to the densities of the two leading EOFs of the wind stress-driven large-scale oceanic model. In this case, we find that the EBE method is more accurate compared to the classical Newton's method, the MATLAB generic solver, and the previously developed BFGS-based method, which was also tested on this problem. (4) Four-moment constrained of up to five-dimensional entropy problems which solutions correspond to multidimensional densities of the components of the solutions of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. For the higher dimensional cases of this example, the EBE method is superior because it automatically selects a subset of the prescribed moment constraints from which the maximum entropy solution can be estimated within the desired tolerance. This selection feature is particularly important since the moment constrained maximum entropy problems do not necessarily have solutions in general.
description: see supplementary material (.mov) at http://www.personal.psu.edu/jzh13/MaxentVideos/ and supplementary code (in Matlab) at https://github.com/whao2008/EBE
Probing and controlling spin chirality in Mott insulators by circularly polarized laser
Creators: name: Kitamura, Sota
name: Oka, Takashi
name: Aoki, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar spin chirality, a three-body spin correlation that breaks time-reversal symmetry, is revealed to couple directly to circularly polarized laser. This is shown by the Floquet formalism for the periodically driven repulsive Hubbard model with a strong-coupling expansion. A systematic derivation of the effective low-energy Hamiltonian for a spin degree of freedom reveals that the coupling constant for scalar spin chirality can become significant for a situation in which the driving frequency and the on-site interaction are comparable. This implies that the scalar chirality can be induced by circularly polarized lights, or that it can be used conversely for probing the chirality in Mott insulators as a circular dichroism.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Categorifying the ZX-calculus
Creators: name: Cicala, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build a symmetric monoidal and compact closed bicategory by combining spans and cospans inside a topos. This can be used as a framework in which to study open networks and diagrammatic languages. We illustrate this framework with Coecke and Duncan's zx-calculus by constructing a bicategory with the natural numbers for 0-cells, the zx-calculus diagrams for 1-cells, and rewrite rules for 2-cells.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2017, arXiv:1802.09737
Hot Molecular Gas in the Circumnuclear Disk
Creators: name: Mills, E. A. C.
name: Togi, A.
name: Kaufman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of archival ISO observations of pure-rotational lines of H2 in three pointings in the central 3 parsecs of the Galaxy: toward the Southwest region and Northeast region of the Galactic center Circumnuclear Disk, and toward the supermassive black hole Sgr A*. We detect pure rotational lines from 0-0 S(0) to S(13), as well as a number of rovibrationally excited transitions. From the pure rotational lines, we are able to describe the molecular gas with three discrete temperature components: a `hot' component between 500-600 K, a `hotter' component at 1250-1350 K, and a `hottest' component at > 2600 K. Toward Sgr A*, likely due to a combination of poorer baselines and weaker emission, we only detect a single hot component, at 1100 K. The observed excitation is consistent with heating via C-shocks. We also fit a continuous temperature distribution to the the S(1) through S(7) lines by assuming a power-law distribution of temperatures. We measure power law indices of n = 3.22 for the Northeast region and n = 2.83 for the Southwest region, with a smaller index indicating a higher fraction of warm gas. These indices are lower than those measured for other galaxies or other Galactic center clouds, which are measured to have n= 4-6. If we extrapolate this temperature distribution down to a cutoff temperature of 50 K, then the total molecular gas mass that we would measure for the Southwest (Northeast) region is 32 (140) % of the total molecular gas mass inferred from the dust emission, and 26 (125) % of the total molecular gas mass inferred from the CO emission for these regions. Ultimately, we find that the disagreement in the amount of mass recovered for these two regions means that this method cannot yet be verified to yield a reliable and independent estimate of the mass in the local region of the Circumnuclear Disk.
description: 31 pages, 11 figures, ApJ Accepted
How do we measure cost-effectiveness of a new medical product?
Creators: name: Harvey, Elizabeth
name: Lobban, Dawn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: There is a need for consistent use of plain language communications to support patient involvement in health economics and outcomes research (HEOR). This summary provides a plain language explanation of the definition and methods used for measuring cost-effectiveness of a new medical product.
Discriminating leptonic Yukawa interactions with doubly charged scalar at the ILC
Creators: name: Nomura, Takaaki
name: Okada, Hiroshi
name: Yokoya, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore discrimination of two types of leptonic Yukawa interactions associated with Higgs triplet, $\bar L^c_L ΔL_L$, and with $SU(2)$ singlet doubly charged scalar, $\bar e_R^c k^{++} e_R$. These interactions can be distinguished by measuring the effects of doubly charged scalar boson exchange in the $e^+ e^- \to \ell^+ ell^-$ processes at polarized electron-positron colliders. We study a forward-backward asymmetry of scattering angular distribution to estimate the sensitivity for these effects at the ILC. In addition, we investigate prospects of upper bounds on the Yukawa couplings by combining the constraints of lepton flavor violation processes and the $e^+ e^- \to \ell^+ \ell^-$ processes at the LEP and the ILC.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, 8 tables; accepted version for publication in Nuclear Physics B
Variational path-integral approach to back-reactions of composite mesons in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Blaschke, D.
name: Ebert, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the investigation of back-reactions of composite mesons in the NJL model, a variational path-integral treatment is formulated which yields an effective action $\mathscr{A}_{\rm eff}[D_σ,D_π; S]$, depending on the propagators $D_σ$, $D_π$ of $σ-$ and $π-$mesons and on the full quark propagator $S$. The stationarity conditions $δ\mathscr{A}_{\rm eff}/ δS = 0$, $δ\mathscr{A}_{\rm eff}/ δD_σ= 0$, $δ\mathscr{A}_{\rm eff}/ δD_π= 0$, then lead to coupled Schwinger-Dyson (SD) equations for the quark self-energy and the meson polarization functions. These results reproduce and extend results of the so-called "$Φ-$derivable" approach and provide a functional formulation for diagrammatic resummations of $1/N_c-$corrections in the NJL model. Finally, we perform a low-momentum estimate of the quark and meson loop contributions to the polarization function of the pion and on this basis discuss the Goldstone theorem.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures, minor text corrections, 2 references added, version published in Nucl. Phys. B
Space in Monoidal Categories
Creators: name: Moliner, Pau Enrique
name: Heunen, Chris
name: Tull, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The category of Hilbert modules may be interpreted as a naive quantum field theory over a base space. Open subsets of the base space are recovered as idempotent subunits, which form a meet-semilattice in any firm braided monoidal category. There is an operation of restriction to an idempotent subunit: it is a graded monad on the category, and has the universal property of algebraic localisation. Spacetime structure on the base space induces a closure operator on the idempotent subunits. Restriction is then interpreted as spacetime propagation. This lets us study relativistic quantum information theory using methods entirely internal to monoidal categories. As a proof of concept, we show that quantum teleportation is only successfully supported on the intersection of Alice and Bob's causal future.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2017, arXiv:1802.09737
Fractional spin and Josephson effect in time-reversal-invariant topological superconductors
Creators: name: Camjayi, Alberto
name: Arrachea, Liliana
name: Aligia, Armando
name: von Oppen, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time reversal invariant topological superconducting (TRITOPS) wires are known to host a fractional spin hbar/4 at their ends. We investigate how this fractional spin affects the Josephson current in a TRITOPS-quantum dot-TRITOPS Josephson junction, describing the wire in a model which can be tuned between a topological and a nontopological phase. We compute the equilibrium Josephson current of the full model by continuous-time Monte Carlo simulations and interpret the results within an effective low-energy theory. We show that in the topological phase, the 0-to-pi transition is quenched via formation of a spin singlet from the quantum dot spin and the fractional spins associated with the two adjacent topological superconductors.
description: 4+1 pages, 3 figures, supplemental material (published version)
Stochastic Subsampling for Factorizing Huge Matrices
Creators: name: Mensch, Arthur
name: Mairal, Julien
name: Thirion, Bertrand
name: Varoquaux, Gael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present a matrix-factorization algorithm that scales to input matrices with both huge number of rows and columns. Learned factors may be sparse or dense and/or non-negative, which makes our algorithm suitable for dictionary learning, sparse component analysis, and non-negative matrix factorization. Our algorithm streams matrix columns while subsampling them to iteratively learn the matrix factors. At each iteration, the row dimension of a new sample is reduced by subsampling, resulting in lower time complexity compared to a simple streaming algorithm. Our method comes with convergence guarantees to reach a stationary point of the matrix-factorization problem. We demonstrate its efficiency on massive functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging data (2 TB), and on patches extracted from hyperspectral images (103 GB). For both problems, which involve different penalties on rows and columns, we obtain significant speed-ups compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
description: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, A Para\^itre