Curtonotum curtispinum Klymko & Marshall 2011, sp. n.
Creators: name: Klymko, John
name: Marshall, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Curtonotidae
Curtonotum
Curtonotum curtispinum

description: Curtonotum curtispinum Klymko & Marshall, sp. n.   
Figures 99–105 and 212  
 Etymology. From the Latin, curtus, meaning short, and spina, meaning spine, referring to the very short costal spines that distinguish this species from all New World congeners.   
 Diagnosis. Distinguished from all New World congeners by its essentially spineless costa. No New World Curtonotum species besides those in the C. anus species group and C. impunctatum have a frons with lateral microtomentose vittae extending to the proclinate setae and a thorax without punctate markings. Curtonotum curtispinum is distinguished from C. impunctatum by its lighter and more diffuse wing markings; and from the C. anus species group by the very dark pigmentation (ground colour is yellow-beige in C. anus species group) and infuscate wings (wings are nearly hyaline in C. anus species group).   
 Description. Length: 4.6–6.9 mm.   
 Head: Frons dark to medium brown, with narrow, pale medial vitta (absent in some specimens), green-blue iridescence (visible only from oblique angle), slight bulge ventrally and scattered pale setulae, width 0.9–1.1 times height, parallel sided or slightly narrower ventrally, lateral margin very narrowly silver microtomentose. Ocellar triangle and lateral strip grey microtomentose, microtomentum of ocellar triangle extending just anterior of anterior ocellus in some specimens, anterior margin of microtomentum rounded, lateral microtomentose strip extending from base of median occipital sclerite to ca. 0.3 sagittal distance between proclinate and ventral margin of frons. Proclinate seta at ca. 0.4 sagittal distance between anterior ocellus and ventral margin of frons, anterior to and slightly lateral of major reclinate seta; minor reclinate seta anterior to and medial of major reclinate seta. Face silver microtomentose with dark brown ground colour, vibrissa ca. 1.5–2 times longer than adjacent subvibrissals. Parafacial and gena relatively narrow, densely silver microtomentose with dark brown ground colour, eye height 12.6–19.0 times gena height. Clypeus, palpus and prementum with dark brown ground colour, clypeus densely silver microtomentose, palpus densely silver microtrichose, prementum sparsely silver microtomentose. Scape and pedicel with orange-brown ground colour and silver microtomentum, first flagellomere densely silver microtrichose, with orange-brown ground colour on proximal ca. half, otherwise medium brown.   
 Thorax: Grey microtomentose dorsally, silver microtomentose laterally; ground colour dark brown, paler postpronotal lobe, anterior spiracle and base of wing. Scutum moderately arched, with 2 inconspicuous parallel, brown medial vittae, these becoming broader and more diffuse posteriorly. Postpronotal lobe with 2 setae, anterior seta less than half length of posterior setae; notopleuron without setulae; scutellum with 2 pairs of marginal setae. Anepisternum with 2 large and 2–4 smaller setae on posterior half; katepisternum with 2 prominent lateral setae, anterodorsal seta relatively weak, linear tuft of setulae under fore coxa dark brown. Area below and behind posterior spiracle bare (without fringe of setulae); meron bare.   
 Legs: Ground colour of fore coxa and dorsal half of fore and mid femur and fore and mid femora medium to dark brown, mid and hind coxae light brown, hind femora light brown, darker apically, tibiae and tarsi light brown, tarsomeres 3–5 slightly darker. Coxae densely silver microtomentose, legs otherwise lightly so. Chaetotaxy black, except for very dense, regularly spaced transverse rows of setulae anteroventrally on apical half of fore tibia and similar setulae on fore tarsomere 1, these dark brown. Fore femur with 4 posterodorsal setae; ctendial setae barely differentiated from adjacent setulae, in some specimens 2–4 distal-most ctenidial setae somewhat stouter; mid femur with 6–7 anterior setae; hind femur with single subapical dorsal seta. Mid tibia with 2 strong, 1 moderate, and several weak apical ventral setae, moderate setae between 2 strong setae. Row of cuneiform setae completely absent along anteroventral margin of mid and hind tarsomere 5.   
 Wing: Spines along costa barely differentiated from adjacent setae, thus wing appearing spineless. Alula relatively narrow. Wing medium brown infuscate on apical ca. two-thirds, infuscation fainter posteriorly, otherwise pale grey-brown infuscate.   
 Abdomen: Tergite 1 silver microtomentose laterally, dark brown microtomentose medially. Tergite 2 silver microtomentose on proximal third medially, silver microtomentose extending nearly to posterior margin laterally, otherwise dark brown microtomentose. Tergites 3–5 dark brown microtomentose, each with lateral silver microtomentose maculae covering proximal ca. half, these maculae separated by broad medial vitta.   
 Male terminalia: Sternite 5 truncate posteriorly; tergite 6 very weakly sclerotized; tergite 7 well sclerotized, relatively long, dorsal length 0.6 times epandrial dorsal length; sternite 6 and 7 bent over and broken along protandrial ridge, sternite 6 well sclerotized, sternite 7 well sclerotized, right portion 7 relatively long, nearly as long as adjacent portion of sternite 6. Epandrium relatively large, setulose, setulae longest posteroventrally; surstylus articulating with epandrium, bilobed, lateral lobe shorter and rounder than medial lobe, both with minute setulae ventrally. Cercus moderately elongate, ventral margin flat, posterior margin rounded, longest cercal setulae shorter than longest epandrial setulae. Hypandrium long, narrow dorsobasal projection, posterior bridge ventrally and posteriorly produced, hypandrial arm distally with 1–2 moderate and several minute ventrally oriented setulae; postgonite completely fused to and barely differentiated from hypandrial arm, with low dorsal longitudinally oriented ridge projecting into space between surstylus lobes, ridge with minute dorsally projecting setulae. Phallapodeme with large relatively small posteriorly bulging “fan”, margin opposite fan convex; basiphallus weakly sclerotized basally, moderately elongate; distiphallus very large, base articulating with basiphallus, bowed to left, right face sunken and concave, distiphallus with 2 narrow and elongate lobes, 1 dorsal, 1 basal, dorsal lobe moderately sclerotized bending dorsally, with pebbled texture basally, bilobed apically, both lobes narrow and elongate, bending, and with minute, forward-facing, broad-based spinules, ventral lobe flattened, very heavily sclerotized medially and distally (otherwise moderately to weakly sclerotized), twisting to dorally and to left, apex minutely serrate on dorsal edge. Ejaculatory apodeme outside of basiphallus, elongate, with small pores throughout, broadening basally.   
 Female terminalia: Sternite 5 length 1.7 times width, sternite 6 length 1.2 times width. Ovipositor slender (as in Figure 202). Tergite 7 well sclerotized throughout. Sternite 8 heavily sclerotized apically, apex with slightly concave surface, apex rounded/truncate, with narrow marginal area free of microtrichea. Tergite and sternite 8 weakly sclerotized proximally. Sternite 10 heavily sclerotized and with antrorse spinules medially, proximal margin with slight dorsal bend, profile broad throughout. Spermatheca elongate, surface finely and sparsely scalloped, apex broadly rounded. Ventral receptacle with slightly bent neck, base of neck very heavily sclerotized and wrinkled, head donut-shaped, duct broad, with minute transverse wrinkles.   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂: Brazil. Rio de Janiero: District Federal, Serviço Febre Amarela, M.E.S., Brasil, ix.1938 (USNM). Paratypes: Brazil. Rio de Janiero: ♂, ♀, Yellow Fever Service, M.E.S., Brazil, x.1938, R.C. Shannon (USNM); 2♀, District Federal, Serviço Febre Amarela, M.E.S., Brasil, x.1937, 2♀, vii.1938, 2♀, ix.1938, 2♀, i.1939 (all USNM). Rio Grande de Paulo: São Francisco de Paula, 2♀, i.1959 (MZSP).
description: Published as part of Klymko, John & Marshall, Stephen A., 2011, Systematics of New World Curtonotum Macquart (Diptera: Curtonotidae) 3079, pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 3079 (1) on pages 61-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3079.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5243925