Monoceratuncus Razowski 1992
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Monoceratuncus

description: Monoceratuncus Razowski, 1992
Ceratuncus Razowski, 1986a: 382. [preoccupied]
Monoceratuncus Razowski, 1992: 201 [replacement name]; Brown 2005: 265.
Type species: Ceratunus lugens Razowski, 1986, by original designation.
Although Pogue (1986) proposed the name Decuma in his unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, he subsequently recognized that it was conceptually the same as Razowski’s Ceratuncus, and the latter name was used by Pogue & Mickevitch (1990) in a phylogenetic analysis of North American genera of Cochylidae. In 1992, Razowski proposed the replacement name Monoceratuncus because Ceratuncus was recognized as a junior homonym.
According to Razowski (1986a), autapomorphies for the genus include the distally expanded uncus with a hook-shaped distal process; the broad anterior portion of the tegumen; and the long basal process of the valva, extending ventro-proximally. Razowski (1986a) further commented that the presence of numerous cornuti in the vesica is a synapomorphy with Cochylis.
As currently defined, Monoceratuncus includes nine species: seven occur in Mexico, one in Peru (Razowski 1993), and one is described herein from Texas. Illustrations of the genitalia can be found in Razowski (1986a, 1993) and Razowski and Becker (1986).
Diagnosis. Adults of Monoceratuncus are among the smaller Cochylina in the New World. They can be distinguished from all other genera by the unusual, well-developed uncus with a conspicuous median swelling or lobe and a slender, hook-shaped apex. The valvae are strongly attenuate distally, usually with a longitudinal row of strong spinelike setae in the distal 0.5. The genus is further characterized by the fused distal arms of the vinculum, the absence of a median process of the transtilla, and the absence of socii. The latter three characters occur sporadically in a few other genera, but never in the same combination as in Monoceratuncus.
Redescription. Head: Vertex and upper frons rough scaled, lower frons with sparse appressed scales; ocellus present; sensory setae of antenna ca. 1.0 times flagellomere diameter in male, shorter, sparser in female; labial palpus porrect, combined length of all segments 1.0‒1.5 times diameter of compound eye, segment III exposed; maxillary palpus 2-segmented. Thorax: Posterior crest small; lateral scale tufts of metanotum flat. Forewing (Fig. 12) length 3.4–3.7 mm, females slightly larger than males, forewing length 2.6–3.1 times width, slightly wider in female; costa gently arched from base to apex, without costal fold in male, apex rounded; termen straight, oblique; Sc slightly less than 0.5 wing length; R 1 originating beyond middle of discal cell; R 2 originating nearer R 3 than R 1; R 5 ending at costa; M 3 and CuA 1 separate; CuA 2 originating ca. 0.65 length of discal cell; CuP absent; A1+2 stalked at ca. 0.5 of length. Hindwing moderately broad, length 2.4–2.7 times width; costa straight, with costal roll extending ca. 0.5 length of costa in male; apex produced; termen concave below apex; Sc+R 1 ca. 0.33 wing length in male, 0.65 wing length in female; Rs and M 1 stalked ca. 0.65 length of M 1; M 3 and CuA 1 separate; CuA 2 originating ca. 0.65 length of discal cell; frenulum with one acanthus in male, two in female. Abdomen: Unmodified. Male genitalia (Fig. 29) with anterior portion of tegumen broad; vinculum complete with small saccuslike process; uncus well developed, with expanded median lobe, produced into a curved spine apically; socius absent; transtilla well developed, broad laterally, with short median process; valva broad at base, narrowed distally, costa lightly sclerotized, apex produced, sacculus ill defined, completely fused to venter of valva. Phallus slightly shorter than valva, bent near middle, pointed apically; vesica with patch of tiny cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 42) with papillae anales narrow, weakly sclerotized, setose, joined posteriorly; apophyses anteriores slightly shorter than apophyses posteriores, not fused to sterigma; sterigma comprised of a few narrow trapezoidal plates parallel to each other; ductus bursae undifferentiated from corpus bursae; corpus bursae small with linear convolutions along entire length, with scattered minute spicules; accessory bursa originating from posterior end of corpus bursae.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., 2019, New genera, new species, and new combinations in New World Cochylina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae), pp. 195-222 in Zootaxa 4671 (2) on pages 209-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3442344