cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Fiscal Policy, Transparency, and Subjective Well-Being
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2020

description: This dissertation examines the complex associations among various government financial indicators, transparency, and subjective well-being by utilizing historical cross-country level data. The study of subjective well-being is constantly growing as it adds insight to the overall assessment of well-being. This doctoral research assumes that one of the major responsibilities of government is to raise the overall well-being of people in society. Under this assumption, it is expected that increased government funding in related policy areas has a meaningful effect on individual subjective well-being. The findings from this study suggest that different types of public spending (e.g., public welfare, health, education, and defense) as well as financing instruments (public taxes, debts, and current balance) have varying effects on individual subjective well-being. In turn, government transparency has an important moderating role in the association between some financial variables and subjective well-being.
Language-based game theory in the age of artificial intelligence
Creators: name: Capraro, Valerio
name: Di Paolo, Roberto
name: Perc, Matjaz
name: Pizziol, Veronica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Understanding human behaviour in decision problems and strategic interactions has wide-ranging applications in economics, psychology, and artificial intelligence. Game theory offers a robust foundation for this understanding, based on the idea that individuals aim to maximize a utility function. However, the exact factors influencing strategy choices remain elusive. While traditional models try to explain human behaviour as a function of the outcomes of available actions, recent experimental research reveals that linguistic content significantly impacts decision-making, thus prompting a paradigm shift from outcome-based to language-based utility functions. This shift is more urgent than ever, given the advancement of generative AI, which has the potential to support humans in making critical decisions through language-based interactions. We propose sentiment analysis as a fundamental tool for this shift and take an initial step by analyzing 61 experimental instructions from the dictator game, an economic game capturing the balance between self-interest and the interest of others, which is at the core of many social interactions. Our meta-analysis shows that sentiment analysis can explain human behaviour beyond economic outcomes. We discuss future research directions. We hope this work sets the stage for a novel game theoretical approach that emphasizes the importance of language in human decisions.
title: Measuring Food Preparation Equipment in the Home: Developing and Field Testing an Instrument for Use in a Pediatric Obesity Intervention
Creators: name: Kogan, Kelly
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Home food environment
subject: Hispanic children
subject: Kitchen equipment
subject: Pediatric obesity
subject: Food preparation equipment
subject: Measurement instrument

description: Background: Hispanic children are disproportionately affected by obesity in the United States. Interventions targeting the home food environment of obese Hispanic children may contribute to reductions in obesity in both the short term and the long term. One component of the home food environment that has not been studied is food preparation equipment present in the homes of obese Hispanic children. Objectives: To develop and field test an instrument for the collection of data about food preparation equipment present in the homes of obese children of Spanish-speaking Central American immigrants living in the Woodbridge area of Northern Virginia. Method: A multi-stage process was used to develop and field test the instrument: A literature review was conducted to identify any existing instruments that could be used to collect data on the home food preparation equipment of the target population. Since no appropriate instrument was identified from this review, an instrument in the form of a checklist was developed. Face validity of the checklist was assessed using a review by a native Spanish speaker with experience working with the target population. Content validity of the checklist was assessed through its use in field tests that occurred in the homes of two members of the target population. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from these reviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics and NVivo software. Results: Face validity assessment revealed the need to include a photographic image of each item next to it on the checklist. With two limited exceptions, the checklist demonstrated good content validity. Descriptive analysis of the data collected with the checklist showed that the homes of both persons participating in the field testing were adequately stocked with the minimum number of items needed to store and prepare foods for home consumption. Qualitative analysis showed that both of these individuals regularly prepared balanced, healthy meals for their families. Both also showed interest in food and the process of cooking, although convenience was an important consideration. The reliance by one individual on the use of social media to obtain information about food and cooking skills suggests that efforts to promote home cooking as part of a family- and home-based obesity intervention must take these new ways of transmitting information into account. Overall, the checklist achieved the purpose for which it was developed. Field testing also suggested that the checklist was adaptable and could be used other populations of interest with some modification as appropriate to reflect their unique foodways.
Supplementary document for Quasi-lossless common-mode plasmon sensing scheme as a high sensitivity compact SPR sensor - 6398516.pdf
Creators: name: Bruhier, Hugo
name: Dutems, Julie
name: Laffont, Emilie
name: crespo-monteiro, nicolas
name: VERRIER, Isabelle
name: Parriaux, Olivier
name: Berini, Pierre
name: JOURLIN, Yves
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications

description: supplement
Unscrambling of single-particle wave functions in systems localized through disorder and monitoring
Creators: name: Szyniszewski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In systems undergoing localization-delocalization quantum phase transitions due to disorder or monitoring, there is a crucial need for robust methods capable of distinguishing phases and uncovering their intrinsic properties. In this work, we develop a process of finding a Slater determinant representation of free-fermion wave functions that accurately characterizes localized particles, a procedure we dub "unscrambling". The central idea is to minimize the overlap between envelopes of single-particle wave functions or, equivalently, to maximize the inverse participation ratio of each orbital. This numerically efficient methodology can differentiate between distinct types of wave functions: exponentially localized, power-law localized, and conformal critical, also revealing the underlying physics of these states. The method is readily extendable to systems in higher dimensions. Furthermore, we apply this approach to a more challenging problem involving disordered monitored free fermions in one dimension, where the unscrambling process unveils the presence of a conformal critical phase and a localized area-law quantum Zeno phase. Importantly, our method can also be extended to free fermion systems without particle number conservation, which we demonstrate by estimating the phase diagram of $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric disordered monitored free fermions. Our results unlock the potential of utilizing single-particle wave functions to gain valuable insights into the localization transition properties in systems such as monitored free fermions and disordered models.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures
Electrical reversal of the sign for magnon thermal Hall coefficient in a van der Waals bilayer antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Shen, Yu-Hao
name: Liu, Yiqun
name: Luo, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With spin-layer locking, the manipulation of spin degree of freedom via perpendicular electric field can be realized in a typical antiferromagnetically coupled bilayer. In analogy to the electric control of the anomalous layer Hall effect of electron within such bilayer system, we propose here its magnon counterpart i.e., thermal Hall effect controlled by a perpendicular electric field. Unlike electrons, magnon is charged neutral and its transport in solids can be driven by a thermal gradient. It also exhibits Hall response due to the intrinsic Berry curvature of magnon, analogous to the achievement in electron system. Taking bilayer 2H-VSe2 with both H-type stacking and interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling as a platform, we perform first-principles calculations towards the magnetic exchange coupling parameters under applied electric field perpendicular to the plane. Based on linear spin wave approximation, we then fit the magnon band structures accordingly and calculate the corresponding Berry curvature. The thermal Hall coefficient dependence on the temperature under thermal gradient can be calculated correspondingly in linear response regime. It is shown that electric field reversal is able to reverse the sign of the coefficient. These findings provide a platform for the realization of all-electric magnon spintronics.
title: Rating-Meldungen europäischer Staaten und Werteffekte bei US-Banken: Eine Note zur Interdependenz globaler Kapitalmärkte
Creators: name: Happ, Christian
name: Schauer, Frederik
name: Schiereck, Dirk
Publisher: name: Duncker & Humblot
Year: 2025

description: Im Zuge der europäischen Schuldenkrise stellt sich die Frage, ob sich das Banken- und Finanzsystem der USA durch Ansteckungseffekte ebenso in Gefahr befindet. Vor dem Hintergrund zahlreicher Downgradings europäischer Staaten in den vergangenen Jahren werden im vorliegenden Beitrag Werteffekte von Rating-Meldungen auf US-Banken untersucht. Es zeigt sich, dass negative Meldungen signifikant abnormale Kursreaktionen hervorrufen, wovon besonders US-Großbanken mit hohem Risiko-Exposure gegenüber europäischen Krisenstaaten betroffen sind. Positive Meldungen ziehen dagegen keinerlei Effekte nach sich. Die Resultate belegen, dass die Konsequenzen der Schuldenkrise sich nicht allein auf Europa beschränken, sondern dass Hilfspakete für europäische Staaten auch die Finanzsysteme in Ländern anderer Kontinente stützen können.
Competing magnetic phases in the frustrated spin-1/2 chain compound $β$-TeVO$_4$ probed by NMR
Creators: name: Pregelj, M.
name: Zorko, A.
name: Arčon, D.
name: Klanjšek, M.
name: Janša, N.
name: Jeglič, P.
name: Zaharko, O.
name: Krämer, S.
name: Horvatić, M.
name: Prokofiev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In frustrated spin-1/2 chains the competition between the nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor exchange interactions leads to a rich phase diagram that becomes even richer in the presence of perturbations in their material realizations. These effects are still largely unexplored, so that new insight into static and dynamic magnetism, in particular by sensitive local probes, is highly desired. Here we present a comprehensive $^{17}$O nuclear magnetic resonance study of $β$-TeVO$_4$, where the anisotropy of the main exchange interactions and additional weak interchain exchange interactions complement the theoretical phase diagram. Our results confirm the dynamical nature of the intriguing spin-stripe phase that has been reported in previous studies. In addition, we find that the magnetic order in the high-field phase, which develops just below the magnetization saturation, is consistent with an unusual type of spin-density-wave (SDW) order with different alignments of the magnetic moments on the neighboring chains. This is reminiscent of the ordering in the SDW phase, realized in the absence of the magnetic field, and is thus most likely stabilized by magnetic anisotropy.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Combination and Reinterpretation of LHC SUSY Searches
Creators: name: Feike, Alexander
name: Fiaschi, Juri
name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Klasen, Michael
name: Neuwirth, Alexander Puck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To maximise the information obtained from various independent new physics searches conducted at the LHC, it is imperative to consider the combination of multiple analyses. To showcase the exclusion power gained by combining signal regions from different searches, we consider a simplified scenario inspired by supersymmetry, with all particles but one squark flavour and a bino-like neutralino decoupled. The corresponding signal therefore comprises strong squark pair production, associated squark-neutralino production, as well as weak neutralino pair production. We find that considering the associated and strong production mechanisms together significantly impacts mass limits, while contributions from the weak production are insignificant in the context of current exclusion limits. In addition, we demonstrate that the combination of uncorrelated signal regions as assessed from the recent TACO approach substantially pushes exclusion limits towards higher masses, relative to the bounds derived from the most sensitive individual analyses.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
title: Report: "A Practical Program for Virginia" by C. Harrison Mann, Jr., January 27, 1959
Creators: name: Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Schools
subject: Desegregation
subject: Integration

description: Report: 6 pgs, typescript unsigned, 8.5" x 11" (21.6 cm x 27.9 cm)
description: Report by C. Harrison Mann, "A Practical Proposal for Virginia" that discusses Mann's 13 point program for school integration in Virginia. C. Harrison Mann, Jr. Collection 43.08
Measurement-only dynamical phase transition of topological and boundary order in toric code and gauge-Higgs models
Creators: name: Orito, Takahiro
name: Kuno, Yoshihito
name: Ichinose, Ikuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extensively study long-time dynamics and fate of topologically-ordered state in toric code model evolving through projective measurement-only circuit. The circuit is composed of several measurement operators corresponding to each term of toric code Hamiltonian with magnetic-field perturbations, which is a gauge-fixed version of a (2+1)-dimensional gauge-Higgs model. We employ a cylinder geometry with distinct upper and lower boundaries to classify stationary states after long-time measurement dynamics. The appearing stationary states depend on measurement probabilities for each measurement operator. The Higgs, confined and deconfined phases emerge in the time evolution by the circuit. We find that both Higgs and confined phases are separated from the deconfined phase by topological entanglement entropy. We numerically clarify that both Higgs and confined phases are characterized by a long-range order on the boundaries accompanying edge modes, and they shift with each other by a crossover reflecting properties in the bulk phase diagram.
description: Version to appear in Phys. Rev. B. 10 pages, 9 figures
title: Where Are the Doctors? Primary Care Physician Shortage in the United States
Creators: name: Morris, Taylor E.
Publisher: name: New Voices in Public Policy
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine
subject: Medical Education

description: The United States is experiencing a trend that may leave many Americans without primary care services. Medical students prefer entering specialties instead of primary care. Combined with previously set primary care residency caps, this trend has created a shortage of primary care physicians (PCPs). This analysis addresses the issues medical students have with primary care, which include limited availability of primary care residencies. PCPs receive a lower salary than specialists, making it difficult to pay off student loans. For various reasons, medical students perceive the lifestyle of primary care to be unpleasant and prefer entering a specialty field. Our focus is on attracting more medical students into primary care and retaining PCPs so that Americans have greater access to primary care services. This analysis provides four alternatives to the status quo. Our recommendation is to increase mandatory funding to the National Health Service Corps and to adopt two office models (mixed-office and satellite) for PCPs. This recommendation provides incentive for medical students to pay off student loans quicker and provides Americans with greater access to primary care services. This analysis provides solutions that are easily implemented and effectively increase the number of practicing PCPs.
Exploring strength and conditioning practitioners’ perceptions about using priming exercise as a pre-competition strategy to improve performance
Creators: name: Holmberg, Patrick
name: Russell, Scott
name: O'Brien, Katherine
name: James, Lachlan
name: Kelly, Vincent
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise
classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The term ‘priming exercise’ has recently been introduced to describe exercise stimuli prescribed to enhance performance within 1–48 hours of that stimulus. Despite evidence of these activities being utilised in competitive settings, the reasoning underpinning the application of priming exercise is not yet clear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore practitioners’ perceptions about using priming exercise as a pre-competition strategy to improve performance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 practitioners involved in prescribing training programs to elite Australian athletes. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed six organising themes (i.e. ‘limited and inapplicable research findings’, ‘consideration of athletes’ training age’, risk-return of priming session outcomes’, ‘logistical concerns’, ‘buy-in’ and ‘priming exercise prescription’) later grouped into a global theme, representing the ‘challenges of applying priming exercise’. The findings highlight contextual factors influencing practitioners’ use of priming exercise and, based on these considerations, draw attention to the apparent uncertainty about whether these stimuli can be prescribed effectively to improve competition performance in sports. In addition to gaining insight into applied priming strategies, the present findings may be used to inform externally valid and relevant study designs that subsequently guide practice.
Shortchanged: Uncovering and Analyzing Intimate Partner Financial Abuse in Consumer Complaints
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Arkaprabha
name: Lee, Kevin
name: Ravi, Vineeth
name: Staddon, Jessica
name: Bellini, Rosanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Digital financial services can introduce new digital-safety risks for users, particularly survivors of intimate partner financial abuse (IPFA). To offer improved support for such users, a comprehensive understanding of their support needs and the barriers they face to redress by financial institutions is essential. Drawing from a dataset of 2.7 million customer complaints, we implement a bespoke workflow that utilizes language-modeling techniques and expert human review to identify complaints describing IPFA. Our mixed-method analysis provides insight into the most common digital financial products involved in these attacks, and the barriers consumers report encountering when doing so. Our contributions are twofold; we offer the first human-labeled dataset for this overlooked harm and provide practical implications for technical practice, research, and design for better supporting and protecting survivors of IPFA.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, 8 tables, This paper will be published in CHI '24: Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Preventing Catastrophic Forgetting through Memory Networks in Continuous Detection
Creators: name: Bhatt, Gaurav
name: Ross, James
name: Sigal, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern pre-trained architectures struggle to retain previous information while undergoing continuous fine-tuning on new tasks. Despite notable progress in continual classification, systems designed for complex vision tasks such as detection or segmentation still struggle to attain satisfactory performance. In this work, we introduce a memory-based detection transformer architecture to adapt a pre-trained DETR-style detector to new tasks while preserving knowledge from previous tasks. We propose a novel localized query function for efficient information retrieval from memory units, aiming to minimize forgetting. Furthermore, we identify a fundamental challenge in continual detection referred to as background relegation. This arises when object categories from earlier tasks reappear in future tasks, potentially without labels, leading them to be implicitly treated as background. This is an inevitable issue in continual detection or segmentation. The introduced continual optimization technique effectively tackles this challenge. Finally, we assess the performance of our proposed system on continual detection benchmarks and demonstrate that our approach surpasses the performance of existing state-of-the-art resulting in 5-7% improvements on MS-COCO and PASCAL-VOC on the task of continual detection.
title: Constant Speed Fluid Flow Model of Electromagnetic Field
title: Alternative to Incompressible Flow Analogy
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Olawale, Akintunde Abiodun
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2025
Subjects: Classical electromagnetism
continuity equation
electromagnetic field
electromagnetic wave
fluid dynamics
mathematical method Maxwell's equations and vector calculus.

description: This paper is a physics theoretical paper that introduces an alternative fluid analogy that can be used in visualizing the electromagnetic field.
description: This paper revisits the fluid analogy for electromagnetic field theory, introducing an alternative model based on a constant fluid velocity and an electric analogy with the fluid density momentum. Unlike Maxwell's divergence of velocity fluid analogy, our approach relies on constant velocity (serving as an analogy to the speed of field) to drive the flow, providing a more direct analogy to field interactions and propagation. We develop this framework in detail, exploring the dynamics of fluid flow in a void, the oscillatory flow of the fluid from a perpendicular oscillatory motion of the source, and the effects of relative motion between source and observer. Our analysis yields a novel perspective on electromagnetic field theory, offering insights into fluid as a continuum and the connections between field theory and fluid dynamics. This work has implications for both physics and engineering, and provides a foundation for potential applications in physics and beyond.
A comparison of syntheses approaches towards functional polycrystalline silicate ceramics
Creators: name: Kamutzki, Franz
name: Schneider, Sven
name: Bekeet, Maged
name: Gurlo, A
name: Hanaor, Dorian A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study aims to shed light on processing pathways towards functional silicate ceramics, which show some promise in various emerging applications, including dielectrics and bioactive implant materials. Polycrystalline silicate ceramics of Neso, Soro and Inosilicate families were synthesised by three different techniques: (i) a co-precipitation method, (ii) a modified sol-gel method and (iii) standard solid-state reactions. Co-precipitated samples show increased sintering and densification behaviour compared to sol-gel and solid-state methods, with diametral shrinkage values during sintering of 28.8%, 13.3% and 25.0%, respectively. Well-controlled phase formation in these ceramics was most readily achieved through the steric entrapment of cations and shorter diffusion pathways afforded by the modified Pechini-type sol-gel method. Substituting Zn2+ for Mg2+ in enstatite samples was found to enhance the formation of orthoenstatite during cooling, which is otherwise very slow. We present guidelines for the design of synthesis methods that consider the requirements for different functional silicate ceramics in terms of phase formation and microstructure.
Depth scaling of unstructured search via quantum approximate optimization
Creators: name: Campos, Ernesto
name: Rabinovich, Daniil
name: Uvarov, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational quantum algorithms have become the de facto model for current quantum computations. A prominent example of such algorithms -- the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) -- was originally designed for combinatorial optimization tasks, but has been shown to be successful for a variety of other problems. However, for most of these problems the optimal circuit depth remains unknown. One such problem is unstructured search which consists on finding a particular bit string, or equivalently, preparing a state of high overlap with a target state. To bound the optimal QAOA depth for such problem we build on its known solution in a continuous time quantum walk (CTQW). We trotterize a CTQW to recover a QAOA sequence, and employ recent advances on the theory of Trotter formulas to bound the query complexity (circuit depth) needed to prepare a state of almost perfect overlap with the target state. The obtained complexity exceeds the Grover's algorithm complexity $O\left(N^\frac{1}{2}\right)$, but remains smaller than $O \left(N^{\frac{1}{2}+c}\right)$ for any $c>0$, which shows quantum advantage of QAOA over classical solutions. We verify our analytical predictions by numerical simulations of up to 68 qubits, which demonstrate that our result overestimates the number of QAOA layers resulting from a trotterized CTQW by at most a polynomial factor.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, published version
Colonial racialism is the cause of the conflict in eastern DRC, not minerals
Creators: name: Rutazibwa, Privat
Publisher: name: ResearchGate
Year: 2025
Subjects: Colonial racialism
DRC
Rwanda
UN

description: The American NGO IRC (International Rescue Committee) and the UN Group of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and other Forms of Wealth in the Democratic Republic of Congo created by the UN in 2000 'under pressure from French diplomacy' contributed immensely in imposing the negationist narrative of the exploitation of Congolese minerals as the cause of the conflict and extreme violence, and this narrative succeeded in replacing the indignation aroused until then by the genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in 1994 in Rwanda and its persistent threats. It's horrifying to see how the international community is concerned about protecting and defending the minerals of the DRC, while displaying a monstrous insensitivity in the face of people who are systematically persecuted, who are tortured, who are killed and whose flesh is eaten in broad daylight and in front of the cameras, simply because they are of Tutsi origin or suspected of being such. The first genocide against the Tutsi committed by Belgium from 1959 was whitewashed into 'social revolution' and many Western knowledge producers in the media and even in the research community have normalized it to this day. I have referred to this latter category in my previous articles as 'criminal scholars'. The persistent genocidal attacks and threats against Rwanda and the Congolese Batutsi since 1994 to date are equally whitewashed as false pretexts to conceal the expansionist and predatory ambitions of a phantasmagoric Hima-Tutsi empire allegedly 'in the pay of Western imperialists', and the same Western knowledge producers validate the narrative; whether mainstream media, UN experts or so-called researchers. Colonial racialism is the cause of the conflict in eastern DRC, not minerals. There has always been a permanent threat from Westerners to destroy all effective and genuine African governance on the continent using Africans who chose to adhere to the colonial ideology of antagonistic African ‘races’. If they were reasonable, Westerners should also stop blackmailing Rwanda with aid and instead think about reparations. Rwanda does not need to demand this reparation. It has rebuilt itself and will rebuild itself with or without it. On the other hand, these Western countries and organizations need to take this action for their own redemption.
title: Tadbir as Marine Diplomacy: Ottoman Foreign Jurisdiction in Practice and the Debate of Piracy in Case of Tripoli between 1790s-1835
title: التدبيركدبلوماسية بحرية: الوالية الخارجية العثمانية في املمارسة في حالة طرابلس قبل عام
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Duymus, Kerem
Publisher: name: Sebha University
Year: 2024

description: The marine diplomacy of Tripoli in the Qaramanlı era was deeply shaped by the Ottoman Foreign Jurisdiction. Yet, especially Yusuf Paşa with his tadbir (Ar.) [governing through taking measures] application carried the implication of this jurisdiction to a global tributary system that all European states as well as USA obeyed. The ignorance of the historians from Europe and USA about the Ottoman Foreign jurisdiction led them to believe that the tributary system of Tripoli was “piracy”. A thorough examination shows that actually even some European and USA consuls in the 19th century were aware of the fact that the tributary system had nothing to do with piracy, but they named this system in this way to express their dissatisfaction. In reality, Yusuf Paşa of Tripoli was successfully applying Ottoman Foreign jurisdiction in form of tributary system. Furthermore, between 1790s and 1835, he was so successful on this application that this system became a global politic in the Mediterranean without using any brute force.
title: A Comparative Test of Traveling Salesman Solutions from GIS Software Packages
Creators: name: Nies, Brandi
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Network analysis
subject: Traveling salesman
subject: Route optimization
subject: GIS
subject: Heuristic
subject: Exact algorithm

description: This work was embargoed by the author and will not be publicly available until January 2020.
description: The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) has long been studied and remains a challenge in the realm of combinatorial optimization across many disciplines. This research investigates the extent to which heuristic solutions for symmetric TSPs generated within geographic information systems (GIS) applications are sub-optimal, compared to exact solution procedures. The TSP is addressed in this research through multiple real-world street networks and a range of problem instances, for which a path must be generated that visits each city only once, and returns to the original point of departure, while minimizing the distance traveled. Two GIS applications were used to generate heuristic solutions for the symmetric TSP for each network dataset. These results were compared against the optimal solutions generated from an exact solution procedure for the same networks. The cumulative cost of each TSP route for all network problem instances was examined to determine the performance and level of sub-optimality where applicable. This research concludes that the heuristic solutions generated sub-optimal results averaging a combined performance measure of 17.36% above optimal, however the software that employs the tabu search (TS) heuristic significantly outperformed the software that used the genetic algorithm (GA) by consistently producing solutions nearer to the known optimum as generated by the exact solution procedure. Given the wide range in the extent of sub-optimal results from the heuristic-based GIS applications, this research suggests that careful consideration should be made prior to the use of these implementations for spatial analysis. Additionally, GIS packages could benefit from integrating additional, or more efficient heuristic or exact solution procedures within the application, and allowing the user more control of the search parameters to accommodate various network optimization problems. Keywords: network analysis; traveling salesman; TSP, route optimization; GIS; heuristic; genetic algorithm; tabu search
title: Politico-Theological Debates in Ghadames between the 1770s and the 1850s from a Global Perspective
title: Débats politico-théologiques à Ghadamès entre les années 1770 et 1850 dans une perspective globale
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Duymus, Kerem
Publisher: name: Afriques : Débats, méthodes et terrains d'histoire
Year: 2024
Subjects: Morocco
Ottoman Empire
Sahara
slave trade
trans-Sahara trade

description: This article aims to shed light on the history of politico-theological debates in Ghadames, focusing on two distinct case studies through discourse analysis. The particular geographical location of Ghadames, situated between two prominent states—Morocco and the Ottoman Empire—each with their respective caliphal claims, has historically enabled the scholars of the city to formulate and substantiate their own political stances. As a result, a substantial body of written materials, including chronicles, biographies, and letters, has emerged from Ghadames, reflecting the political discourse as articulated by its scholars, who adapted their perspectives in response to shifts in regional power dynamics. Notably, this adaptation was facilitated by the active intellectual engagement of the city’s scholars. In this context, the article investigates the politico-theological discussions in Ghadames from the 1750s to the 1850s, analysing the persistent yet varied arguments and justifications, as well as the intellectual milieu that intersected with them.
title: Protein Network Mapping of Bladder Cancer: An Analysis of Tumor Compartment and the Surrounding Microenvironment
Creators: name: Hodge, K Alex
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Bladder
subject: Arrays
subject: Immunotherapy
subject: Stroma
subject: PD-L1

description: The interaction between tumor and stroma has become of intense interest in the field of oncology in order to better understand the driving forces behind tumor onset and progression, metastasization and the responsiveness to therapy. These interactions are hard to capture using in vitro techniques and the extent to which in vivo models really recapitulate the tumor-stroma interactions of human tissues is still under investigation. For these reasons, human specimens still remain optimal input material for exploring these interactions. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) coupled with reverse phase protein microarrays (RPPA) are ideal technologies for isolating different cell compartments from heterogeneous tissues and for exploring protein signaling network of human tissue specimens. This study explored the protein signaling network of 23 bladder cancer samples within the epithelium and the surrounding stroma across different histotypes including normal, carcinoma in situ (CIS), papillary, and invasive cellular compartments. Pure tumor epithelium and surrounding stroma from each sample were first isolated with LCM followed by RPPA that allows for the measurement of hundreds of proteins and phosphoproteins. The analysis of the epithelium compartments collected from patients affected by invasive and non-invasive (papillary) bladder cancer revealed different pathway involvement driving the tumor, with invasive cases showing a phenotype of immune/ inflammation, proliferation and survival in contrast to papillary tumors which were characterized by wound healing and metabolism. While the stroma surrounding both invasive and papillary tumors showed high correlation between the different members of the PI3K/AKT pathway, only invasive tumors presented with interconnection between proteins involved in the immune/ inflammation response. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in the epithelium appeared to be highly correlated with RTKs in the stroma as well as their downstream targets suggesting a cross-talk between the two compartments. Finally, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an important drug target immune checkpoint protein, was increased significantly in invasive epithelium when compared to papillary epithelium. This PD-L1 expression offers a promising therapeutic target against invasive bladder cancer, which has had minimal treatment advances in more than a decade.
Negative Zero-Point-Energy Parameter in the Meyer-Miller Mapping Model for Nonadiabatic Dynamics
Creators: name: He, Xin
name: Gong, Zhihao
name: Wu, Baihua
name: Liu, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The celebrated Meyer-Miller mapping model has been a useful approach for generating practical trajectory-based nonadiabatic dynamics methods. It is generally assumed that the zero-point-energy (ZPE) parameter is positive. The constraint implied in the conventional Meyer-Miller mapping Hamiltonian for an F-electronic-state system actually requires that parameter γis larger than -1/F for the ZPE parameter for each electronic degree of freedom. Both negative and positive values are possible for such a parameter. We first establish a rigorous formulation to construct exact mapping models in the Cartesian phase space when the constraint is applied. When nuclear dynamics is approximated by the linearized semiclassical initial value representation, a negative ZPE parameter could lead to reasonably good performance in describing dynamic behaviors in typical spin-boson models for condensed-phase two-state systems, even at challenging zero temperature.
title: Contribution au rôle de la traite des esclaves dans le Sahara tripolitainau XIXe siècle : nouvelles découvertes en Libye et en Turquie
title: Contribution to the role of slave trade in the Tripolitan Sahara during the 19th century: New Findings from Libya and Turkey
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Duymus, Kerem
Publisher: name: Revue d'Histoire Méditerranéenne
Year: 2024
Subjects: Sahara
Libya
slavery
esclavage
slave trade
commerce des esclaves
trans-Sahara trade
Ottoman Empire

description: L'esclavage était une pratique ancienne dans tout le Sahara. Cependant, il est difficile d'estimer le rôle joué par la traite des esclaves dans le fameux commerce transsaharien en raison du manque de données. En revanche, les données sont suffisantes pour calculer l'importance du commerce des esclaves au XIXe siècle. Malheureusement, tous les récits relatifs au Sahara tripolitain étaient basés sur des estimations imaginatives des consuls européens à Tripoli et des voyageurs européens dans la région. De nombreux historiens européens et américains ont cru ces sources sans les examiner, ce qui les a amenés à supposer que la traite des esclaves était d'une importance énorme pour ce commerce. Cependant, de nouvelles découvertes provenant des archives de Libye et de Turquie fournissent des chiffres précis sur la traite des esclaves. Ainsi, contrairement à ce que les historiens occidentaux ont longtemps cru, ces nouvelles découvertes prouvent l'insignifiance de la traite des esclaves dans le commerce transsaharien.
DRC CONFLICT: SECOND MESSAGE TO WORLD LEADERS
Creators: name: Rutazibwa, Privat
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2025
Subjects: DRC conflict
UN
Rwanda
M23

description: Second message to World Leaders following the 'Petition for the dissolution of the United Nations and the prosecution of certain personalities and their associates for the crime of genocide in the Democratic Republic of Congo' which was sent to them in October 2024.
FaultGuard: A Generative Approach to Resilient Fault Prediction in Smart Electrical Grids
Creators: name: Efatinasab, Emad
name: Marchiori, Francesco
name: Brighente, Alessandro
name: Rampazzo, Mirco
name: Conti, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Predicting and classifying faults in electricity networks is crucial for uninterrupted provision and keeping maintenance costs at a minimum. Thanks to the advancements in the field provided by the smart grid, several data-driven approaches have been proposed in the literature to tackle fault prediction tasks. Implementing these systems brought several improvements, such as optimal energy consumption and quick restoration. Thus, they have become an essential component of the smart grid. However, the robustness and security of these systems against adversarial attacks have not yet been extensively investigated. These attacks can impair the whole grid and cause additional damage to the infrastructure, deceiving fault detection systems and disrupting restoration. In this paper, we present FaultGuard, the first framework for fault type and zone classification resilient to adversarial attacks. To ensure the security of our system, we employ an Anomaly Detection System (ADS) leveraging a novel Generative Adversarial Network training layer to identify attacks. Furthermore, we propose a low-complexity fault prediction model and an online adversarial training technique to enhance robustness. We comprehensively evaluate the framework's performance against various adversarial attacks using the IEEE13-AdvAttack dataset, which constitutes the state-of-the-art for resilient fault prediction benchmarking. Our model outclasses the state-of-the-art even without considering adversaries, with an accuracy of up to 0.958. Furthermore, our ADS shows attack detection capabilities with an accuracy of up to 1.000. Finally, we demonstrate how our novel training layers drastically increase performances across the whole framework, with a mean increase of 154% in ADS accuracy and 118% in model accuracy.
Pynblint: a Static Analyzer for Python Jupyter Notebooks
Creators: name: Quaranta, Luigi
name: Calefato, Fabio
name: Lanubile, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Jupyter Notebook is the tool of choice of many data scientists in the early stages of ML workflows. The notebook format, however, has been criticized for inducing bad programming practices; indeed, researchers have already shown that open-source repositories are inundated by poor-quality notebooks. Low-quality output from the prototypical stages of ML workflows constitutes a clear bottleneck towards the productization of ML models. To foster the creation of better notebooks, we developed Pynblint, a static analyzer for Jupyter notebooks written in Python. The tool checks the compliance of notebooks (and surrounding repositories) with a set of empirically validated best practices and provides targeted recommendations when violations are detected.
description: 2 pages
Toward Practical Benchmarks of Ising Machines: A Case Study on the Quadratic Knapsack Problem
Creators: name: Ohno, Kentaro
name: Shirai, Tatsuhiko
name: Togawa, Nozomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Combinatorial optimization has wide applications from industry to natural science. Ising machines bring an emerging computing paradigm for efficiently solving a combinatorial optimization problem by searching a ground state of a given Ising model. Current cutting-edge Ising machines achieve fast sampling of near-optimal solutions of the max-cut problem. However, for problems with additional constraint conditions, their advantages have been hardly shown due to difficulties in handling the constraints. In this work, we focus on benchmarks of Ising machines on the quadratic knapsack problem (QKP). To bring out their practical performance, we propose fast two-stage post-processing for Ising machines, which makes handling the constraint easier. Simulation based on simulated annealing shows that the proposed method substantially improves the solving performance of Ising machines and the improvement is robust to a choice of encoding of the constraint condition. Through evaluation using an Ising machine called Amplify Annealing Engine, the proposed method is shown to dramatically improve its solving performance on the QKP. These results are a crucial step toward showing advantages of Ising machines on practical problems involving various constraint conditions.
description: 26 pages
Assessing the Quality of Computational Notebooks for a Frictionless Transition from Exploration to Production
Creators: name: Quaranta, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The massive trend of integrating data-driven AI capabilities into traditional software systems is rising new intriguing challenges. One of such challenges is achieving a smooth transition from the explorative phase of Machine Learning projects - in which data scientists build prototypical models in the lab - to their production phase - in which software engineers translate prototypes into production-ready AI components. To narrow down the gap between these two phases, tools and practices adopted by data scientists might be improved by incorporating consolidated software engineering solutions. In particular, computational notebooks have a prominent role in determining the quality of data science prototypes. In my research project, I address this challenge by studying the best practices for collaboration with computational notebooks and proposing proof-of-concept tools to foster guidelines compliance.
description: 5 pages
title: Newspaper Column: Connection Critic Discovered Poet Laureate
Creators: name: Nicoson, William J.
Publisher: name: The Connection
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Ponick, T.L.
subject: Poetry Society of Virginia

description: PDF file distilled from original WordPerfect document. Original size 11" x 8.5".
description: You remember T. L. Ponick. He used to review theater and music for The Connection Newspapers from the mid-eighties to mid-nineties. He’s reviewed music for The Washington Times since 1994. But more important, he publishes, in Reston, The Edge City Review, a literary journal he founded in 1994 which now appears three times yearly.