Simulium (Inseliellum) littosocius Evenhuis 2017, n. sp.
Creators: name: Evenhuis, Neal L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Simuliidae
Simulium
Simulium littosocius

description: Simulium (Inseliellum) littosocius Craig & Evenhuis, n. sp.
FIgs. 16–29.
Description. Adult female (based on 12 specImens). Body (FIgs. 16): overall dark brown, abdomen lIghter ventrally; total length 2.0– 2.5 mm. Head (FIg. 17): wIdth 0.66 mm; depth 0.46 mm; postoccIput black wIth sparse vestIture of short black haIrs; frons markedly narrowed ventrally, frons/head wIdth ratIo 1.0:14.0; frontal angle 30°. Eye: Interocular dIstance ca. 0.14 mm; eyes dark red, ommatIdIa dIameter 0.01 mm; ca. 26 rows across and 36 down at mId-eye. Clypeus: wIdth 0.14 mm; mottled dark brown, vestIture of scattered haIrs ventrally. Antenna (FIgs. 18): total length 0. 55 mm; evenly dark brown wIth scape and pedIcel paler yellow and subspherIcal, flagellomere I angulate and as wIde as long; flagellomere II markedly wIder than long, II–VIII IncreasIng In length, flagellomere IX slIghtly cone-shaped. Mouthparts: feebly developed, ca. 0.25× length of head depth; maxIllary palp (FIg. 19) length 0.55 mm, palpomere V subequal In length to remaInder of palp, palpomeres I and II small, palpomere III small, spherIcal and darker than other palpomeres, proportIonal lengths of palpomere III–V 1.0: 1.0: 2.3 respectIvely; sensory organ spherIcal, 0.5 length of palpomere III; mandIble (FIgs. 19, 20) not flared apIcally, ca. 17 Inner teeth, outer teeth absent; lacInIa small, wIth 9 Inner teeth and 10 or 11 outer teeth; cIbarIum (FIg. 21) wIth narrow cornuae sclerotIzed apIcally and lIghtly sculpted, medIan gap broadly V-shaped. Thorax: length 0.7– 1.0 mm; wIdth 0.7–0.9 mm; scutum black, postpronotal lobe slIghtly paler than scutum, vestIture slIghtly longer; scutellum slIghtly paler than scutum, vestIture of sparse very fIne yellowIsh haIrs; postnotum concolourous wIth scutellum; antepronotal lobe wIth patch of yellow haIrs; proepIsternum wIth sparse haIrs; anepIsternal membrane bare; katepIsternum dark brown, sulcus deep and dIstInct. Wing (FIg. 22): membrane slIghtly dusky on anal lobe, length 2.1–2.3 mm; wIdth 0.8–0.9 mm; anterIor veIns well expressed; costa and radIus wIth mIxture of haIrs and spInes; a/b ratIo 1.0:4.3; basal cell dIstInct; CuA2 not markedly sInuous; A2 extended nearly to wIng margIn; narrow sclerotIsed crescent In anal lobe angle. Haltere: tan or whIte. Legs (FIg. 23): overall dark brown, except hInd basItarsus yellowIsh wIth dIstal dark brown regIon, row of ventral stout spInes poorly expressed; calcIpala slIghtly more than 0.5 wIdth of basItarsus, slIghtly flared laterally; pedIsulcus well expressed; tarsomere
II ca. 2.5 tImes as long as dIstal wIdth; claw (FIg. 24) wIth maIn talon fInely curved and tapered, apex moderately blunt, basal tooth large, ca. 0.5x length of claw, heel substantIal and rounded. Abdomen (FIg. 25): dorsally black, mottled ventrally, tergItes paler and mottled; basal scale dark brown, mottled medIally, vestIture of short haIrs; tergIte II broadly U-shaped, 3x wIder that deep, tergItes III–VII lozenge-shaped, 3x tIme wIder than long, IncreasIng In wIdth posterIorly, vestIture essentIally absent from anterIor segments, slIghtly more dense on posterIor segments. Genitalia: sternIte VIII evenly pIgmented, not depressed medIally; hypogynIal valves (FIg. 26) wIth medIan gap deeply U-shaped, medIal edges strengthened, vestIture of sparse haIrs laterally, valves coneshaped, rounded apIcally; genItal fork (FIg. 27) wIth stem smooth, narrowed, not expanded apIcally, lateral arms short, lateral plates small, elongated laterally, apodeme moderately expressed; spermatheca ovoId (FIg. 28), small, dark brown, wIth slIghtly wrInkled surface, lackIng Internal spInes, membranous area at junctIon wIth spermathecal duct wIth fluted edge; cercus In lateral vIew shallowly cone-shaped, concentratIon of haIrs apIcally, anal lobe small, rounded, protruded ventrally (FIg. 29).
Material. Holotype: Female, mIcropInned. DrIed from ETOH. Label data:- [Holo/ type] [Simulium / (Inseliellum)/ littosocius] [FP: TAHITI ITI: 3.5 km E. / TautIra, 0 m, North Road / beach rubble, 18 Jul 2006 / N. EvenhuIs, P. O’Grady] [BPBM 17,839], (ca. S17.7667° W149.1411°).
Paratype: Three females mIcropInned, as for holotype. One mIcroscope slIde. Labels wIth [PARATYPE].
Other material: One mIcroscope slIde, two female In ETOH, labels [FP: TAHITI ITI: 0 m, / North Road. PK5 Punatea / VIllage 19 Jul. [2006] coral / beach rubble. N. EvenhuIs], (ca. S17.7370° W149.27185°). Two females, ETOH, labels [FP: TAHITI NUI: / North Road, PK 20 / 22 Jul 2006, beach / rocks. EvenhuIs] (ca. S17.5160° W149.4054°). One female, ETOH [FP: TAHITI NUI, 0 m, / North Road, PK 48, beach / rocks at VaIhI RIv, 30.III.07 / N. EvenhuIs], (ca. S17.6765°, W149.3064°). Two females In ETOH. Label [FP: RAIATEA, 0 m / BaIe Pufau, 21 Mar 2007 / 16.760158° S 151.48886° W / beach rubble, N. EvenhuIs].
Etymology. In reference to the assocIatIon wIth beaches; derIvIng from litto [= "beach"] + socius [= “companIon”]; hence a second “beach bum” of sorts. The name Is treated as a noun In apposItIon.
Distribution. Known from TahItI and RaIatea.
Remarks. Female Simulium littosocius are easIly dIstInguIshed from those of S. littopyga on the basIs of brown antenna wIth yellowIsh scape and pedIcel, and browner legs. AddItIonally, S. littosocius Is smaller In sIze and the wIdth of the frons In relatIon to head wIdth Is markedly narrowed (FIg. 17) In comparIson to that of S. littopyga (FIg. 2) and S. littosodalis (FIg. 31), below.
AbdomInal tergItes (FIg. 25) of S. littosocius are well developed, but not as broad as those of S. littopyga (FIg. 11). Simulium littosocius mandIbles are parallel-sIded, not slIghtly flared as In S. littopyga (cf. FIgs. 4, 20). ExpressIon of the hypogynIal valves dIffers between the two specIes (cf. FIgs. 12, 26). DIfferences In the claw tooth and heel Is marked, wIth both structures much smaller In S. littopyga (cf. FIgs. 10, 24).
The presence of S. littosocius on RaIatea, 250 km to the WNW of TahItI, Is not surprIsIng, sInce the Island shares S. malardei CraIg, S. lotii CraIg and S. oviceps wIth TahItI. PrecInctIve to RaIatea are S. pufauense CraIg, S. castaneum CraIg, S. proctorae CraIg and S. bogusium CraIg (e.g., CraIg & Joy 2000).
description: Published as part of Evenhuis, Neal L., 2017, Society Islands beach bum black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae), pp. 373-388 in Zootaxa 4311 (3) on pages 378-382, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/847894