Monodora undulata Couvreur, Reveal. Secrets African Annon.: Isolona &amp; Monodora: 246 2008
Creators: name: Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
name: Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.
name: Crozier, Francoise
name: Ghogue, Jean-Paul
name: Hoekstra, Paul H.
name: Kamdem, Narcisse G.
name: Johnson, David M.
name: Murray, Nancy A.
name: Sonke, Bonaventure
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Monodora
Monodora undulata

description: Monodora undulata (P.Beauv.) Couvreur, Reveal. Secrets African Annon.: Isolona &amp; Monodora: 246, 2008 Figs 78, 79; Map 10C ≡ Unona undulata (Palisot de Beauvois) Dunal, Monogr. Anonac.: 111, 1817. = Monodora brevipes Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 23(3): 475, 1862. Type. Saõ Tomé &amp; Principe: Principe Island, <i>Mann G. 1115</i>, 1861: lectotype, designated by Couvreur (2009), p. 246; sheet here designated: K[K000199026]; isotypes: K[K000199025]; P[P00363308]. = Monodora preussii Engl. &amp; Diels, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 301 1899. Type. Cameroon. South Region, Victoria (Limbe), <i>Preuss, P.R. 1314</i>, 1898: lectotype, designated by Couvreur (2009): 246: K[K000105558]; isolectotypes: A[A00295524]; EA; PH[PH00018358]; S[S10-21404]; Z[Z-000034547]. Type. Nigeria. no region; no location, <i>Palisot de Beauvois A.M.F.J. s.n.</i>, no date: holotype: G-DC, scanned image[excluding fruits] [G00011671]. Description. Tree, up to 20 m tall, d.b.h. up to 100 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-14 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 10-40 cm long, 8-15 cm wide, oblong to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 3-9 cm long, base rounded to obtuse, coriaceous to papyraceous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised above, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 17 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; <b>pedicel 30-55 mm long</b>, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 40-50 mm long, 8-10 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1, upper only, towards the upper half or middle of pedicel, 6-10 mm long, 7-11 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 7-11 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, ovate, apex rounded to obtuse, base truncate, green, glabrous, pubescent towards margins outside, glabrous, pubescent towards margins inside, margins wavy; petals basally fused, tube 2-3 mm long, inner and outer whorl differentiated, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 25-45 mm long, 15-30 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, speckled and streaked yellow and purple, base creamy-white, margins wavy, glabrous, pubescent towards margins outside, glabrous, pubescent towards margins inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 17-27 mm long, 13-20 mm wide, rhombic, apex acute, base narrowed into a claw, claw 2-5 mm long, yellow with brown-purple spots, margins flat, glabrous outside, sparsely pubescent inside; <b>receptacle strongly convex</b>; stamens numerous, in 12 to 14 rows, ca. 1 mm long, broad; connective discoid, densely pubescent, cream; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, 4 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, sparsely pubescent. Fruits syncarpous, 60-120 mm long, 40-60 mm in diameter, <b>ovoid</b>, apex rounded, <b>tomentose</b>, faintly ribbed longitudinally, otherwise <b>smooth, brown when ripe</b>; seeds 9-20 mm long, 6-11 mm in diameter, flattened ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species, disjunct between West Africa (Sierra Leone to Togo) and Central Africa (Nigeria, Cameroon and São Tome Island); in Cameroon known from East, South, Central, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. A fairly uncommon species even though it has been collected numerous times in Cameroon; in lowland primary and secondary rain forests, along rivers and in swamps. Altitude 0-700 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. Yellow-Flowering Nutmeg (English) (Cooper and Record 1931). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019a c). Uses in Cameroon. <i>food</i>: seeds used for sauces, as condiment or spice; <i>medicine</i>: bark used against venereal diseases. Notes. <i>Monodora undulata</i> closely resembles <i>M. myristica</i>; both share a strongly convex receptacle, large leaves, and completely connivent inner petals; but <i>M. undulata</i> is distinguished from <i>M. myristica</i> by its smaller flowers with shorter pedicels, cup-shaped and non-undulate upper bract, and ovoid densely tomentose fruits. Specimens examined. <b>Central Region</b>: Reserve forestière de Makak, 3.48°N, 11.01°E, <i>14 December 1967</i>, <i>Bamps P.R.J.</i> 1449 (BR,YA). <b>East Region</b>: ca 9 km from Bertoua near the road to Doumé, 4.53°N, 13.61°E, <i>09 December 1961</i>, <i>Breteler F.J.</i> 2182 (K,P,WAG,YA). <b>Littoral Region</b>: Ebo Proposed National Park Iboty to Bekob village, 4.46°N, 10.46°E, <i>14 February 2006</i>, <i>Cheek M.</i> 12928 (K). <b>South Region</b>: along main road Kribi-Bipindi, 2.99°N, 10.01°E, <i>17 February 2012</i>, <i>Couvreur T.L.P.</i> 391 (WAG,YA); Lolodorf, 3.23°N, 10.71°E, <i>1896</i>, <i>Staudt A.</i> 40 (G,K,P). <b>South-West Region</b>: Path above Kupe village, 4.76°N, 9.694°E, <i>22 May 1996</i>, <i>Cable S.</i> 2544 (K,WAG,YA); Nyangdong volcanic waterfall-whirlpool path, 4.96°N, 9.577°E, <i>27 March 2003</i>, <i>Cheek M.</i> 11464 (K); Mount Cameroon National Park Bakinguili trail above Bakinguili village, 4.07°N, 9.051°E, <i>02 April 2016</i>, <i>Couvreur T.L.P.</i> 1042 (WAG,YA); Nyasoso village on max’s trail to Mt 4.82°N, 9.692°E, <i>05 April 2016</i>, <i>Couvreur T.L.P.</i> 1061 (WAG,YA); Kupe village to Loum State Forest, 4.73°N, 9.716°E, <i>29 May 1996</i>, <i>Etuge M.</i> 2017 (K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Korup National Park, 5.06°N, 8.855°E, <i>06 February 1998</i>, <i>Kenfack D.</i> 1027 (MO,WAG); 6 km W of Bota rocky coast with volcanic boulders, 4.01°N, 9.144°E, <i>31 August 1972</i>, <i>Leeuwenberg A.J.M.</i> 10295 (BR,MO,P,WAG,YA); Limbe (Victoria) Bimbia road, 4.00°N, 13.21°E, <i>01 February 1929</i>, <i>Maitland T.D.</i> 408 (K); Johann-Albrechtshöhe [Kumba] area 4.63°N, 9.416°E, <i>1896</i>, <i>Staudt A.</i> 495 (A); Southern slope of Mount above Batoke, 4.03°N, 9.1°E, <i>25 January 1984</i>, <i>Thomas D.W.</i> 3025 (B,BR,MO,P,YA); Small Koto, 4.31°N, 9.066°E, <i>07 March 1985</i>, <i>Thomas D.W.</i> 4516 (K,MO,P,YA); Cameroon Mountain, 4.31°N, 9.066°E, <i>01 June 1985</i>, <i>Thomas D.W.</i> 4814 (BR,MO,P,WAG).
description: Published as part of <i>Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. &amp; Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207</i> on pages 260-262, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432
description: {"references": ["Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150", "Cooper, PG, Record, SJ, 1931. The Evergreen Forests of Liberia. Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series 31: 1 - 153", "Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019a. Annickia affinis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132512369A132513599. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132512369A132513599.en"]}