cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Crystal-based pair production for a lepton collider positron source
Creators: name: Bandiera, L.
name: Bomben, L.
name: Camattari, R.
name: Cavoto, G.
name: Chaikovska, I.
name: Chehab, R.
name: De Salvador, D.
name: Guidi, V.
name: Haurylavets, V.
name: Lutsenko, E.
name: Mascagna, V.
name: Mazzolari, A.
name: Prest, M.
name: Romagnoni, M.
name: Ronchetti, F.
name: Sgarbossa, F.
name: Soldani, M.
name: Sytov, A.
name: Tamisari, M.
name: Tikhomirov, V.
name: Vallazza, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An intense positron sources is a demanding element in the design of future lepton colliders. A crystal-based hybrid positron source could be an alternative to a more conventional scheme based on the electron conversion into positron in a thick amorphous target. The conceptual idea of the hybrid source is to have two separate objects, a photon radiator and a photon-to-positron converter target. In such a scheme an electron beam crosses a thin axially oriented crystal with the emission of a channeling radiation, characterized by a considerably larger amount of photons if compared to Bremsstrahlung. The net result is an increase in the number of produced positrons at the converter target. In this paper we present the results of a beam test conducted at the DESY TB 21 with 5.6 GeV electron beam and a crystalline tungsten radiator. Experimental data clearly highlight an increased production of photons and they are critically compared with the outcomes of novel method to simulate the number of radiated photons, showing a very good agreement. Strong of this, the developed simulation tool has been exploited to design a simple scheme for a positron source based on oriented crystal, demonstrating the advantages in terms of reduction of both deposited energy and the peak energy deposition density if compared to conventional sources. The presented work opens the way for a realistic and detailed design of a hybrid crystal-based positron source for future lepton colliders.
title: Augmenter chez les élèves le contact à l'allemand au travers d'activités langagières orales en mobilisant un apprentissage implicite : cela permet-il d'accroître la motivation et l'aisance des élèves face à l'apprentissage de cette langue ?
title: Augmenter chez les élèves le contact à l'allemand au travers d'activités langagières orales en mobilisant un apprentissage implicite : cela permet-il d'accroître la motivation et l'aisance des élèves face à l'apprentissage de cette langue ?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Maleszewski, Camille
name: Van Dongen-Vogels, Jessica
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: apprentissage implicite
subject: communication authentique
subject: stratégies d’enseignement d'une L2
subject: développement de l’aisance et de la motivation dans l’apprentissage d’une L2

description: Notre objet de recherche porte sur la didactique des langues et plus particulièrement sur la discipline de l’allemand. Nous pensons qu’il est bénéfique que les élèves aient un contact plus étroit avec la langue. Notre question de recherche est la suivante : Est-ce qu’augmenter chez les élèves le contact à l’allemand au travers d’activités langagières orales en mobilisant un apprentissage implicite de la langue permet d’accroître la motivation et l’aisance des élèves face à cette langue ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons mis en place quotidiennement, dans n’importe quelle branche, des activités langagières orales en allemand mobilisant un apprentissage implicite de cette langue. Avant de les réaliser en classe, les élèves ont répondu à un pré-test concernant leur ressenti (aisance et motivation) face à l’apprentissage de l’allemand. Après avoir réalisé les activités touchant à notre recherche, les élèves ont finalement répondu à un post-test. Les séries de questions des pré-tests et post-test sont identiques et, grâce à des échelles de valeurs, nous avons pu les analyser et observer si les activités mises en place ont eu une influence sur la motivation et l’aisance des élèves.
Low-pressure THGEM-based operation with Ne+H2 Penning mixtures
Creators: name: Randhawa, J. S.
name: Ahn, T.
name: Kolata, J. J.
name: Malley, P. O
name: Ontiveros, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The operation of Thick Gas Electron Multipliers (THGEMs) in Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) using various gas mixtures has applications in various nuclear and particle physics experiments. Of particular interest in low-energy nuclear physics is study of nuclear reactions involving Ne isotopes. These reactions can be studied using Ne-based gas mixtures at low pressures in TPCs used as active targets for radioactive beams. We report on the low-pressure operation of THGEMs in Ne + H2 gas mixtures. We show that, since the Ne+H2 forms a Penning pair, higher gains with THGEMs are achievable compared to pure neon gas. Moreover, H2 acts as a quench gas allowing for higher THGEMs voltages while producing minimal background in reactions such as fusion compared to carbon-based neon gas mixtures. Detailed electron transport and amplification simulations have been performed and they qualitatively agree with the increased gain H2 provides in the Ne:H2 mixture. The higher THGEM gains that are achieved with a Ne:H2 mixture will enhance the study of Ne-based reactions in active-target detectors that have high-granularity pad planes, leading to higher spatial resolution heavy-ion track data.
(983) George Augustus Benham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Les formes de collaboration actuellement présentes et souhaitées par les parents dans le suivi scolaire de leur(s) enfant(s)
title: Les formes de collaboration actuellement présentes et souhaitées par les parents dans le suivi scolaire de leur(s) enfant(s)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Rochat, Michèle
name: Simonet, Maxime
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: parent·s
subject: famille·s
subject: enseignant·e·s
subject: école
subject: collaboration
subject: participation

description: Les diverses recherches actuelles concernant la collaboration entre les familles d’élèves et l’école ont démontré qu’une évolution, explicitement mentionnée dans le canton de Vaud depuis l’année 2009, est concrétisée. Ce changement, progressivement en cours, met en avant les ressources potentielles de tous les acteurs et toutes les actrices concerné·e·s par la scolarité d’un ou une enfant à sa charge. En revanche, malgré cette avancée, nous nous interrogeons sur les réelles pratiques collaboratives et le degré d’implication des familles. Ces particularités singulières nous amènent à élaborer une étude ayant comme visée de questionner les parents sur leur degré de satisfaction et d’implication actuel ou désiré dans le domaine scolaire de leur(s) enfant(s). Notre travail a pour but de découvrir la forme de collaboration actuellement présente entre les parents et le·la ou les enseignant·e·s ainsi que celle souhaitée par ces mêmes familles afin de collaborer davantage ou autrement avec le·la ou les enseignant·e·s. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons rédigé et mis en ligne un questionnaire visant à collecter les avis des parents concernant leur collaboration et leur participation dans la vie scolaire de leur(s) enfant(s). Les résultats obtenus suite à l’analyse des réponses révèlent que la plupart des parents ne ressentent, actuellement, pas le besoin, ou du moins ne proposent pas de nouvelles méthodes, afin de participer plus ou différemment. Pour cette raison, il serait primordial de développer la recherche afin de guider les parents vers une nouvelle forme de collaboration impliquant et soutenant leur participation. En tant qu’enseignant·e, il est important de leur proposer des pistes concrètes et réalisables d’activités, prenant en compte la réalité du quotidien de chaque famille, afin de s’imaginer vivre un tel moment de partage.
Extreme zeros in a sequence of para-orthogonal polynomials and bounds for the support of the measure
Creators: name: Martinez-Finkelshtein, A.
name: Ranga, A. Sri
name: Veronese, Daniel O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a non-trivial Borel measure $μ$ on the unit circle $\mathbb T$, the corresponding reproducing (or Christoffel-Darboux) kernels with one of the variables fixed at $z=1$ constitute a family of so-called para-orthogonal polynomials, whose zeros belong to $\mathbb T$. With a proper normalization they satisfy a three-term recurrence relation determined by two sequence of real coefficients, $\{c_n\}$ and $\{d_n\}$, where $\{d_n\}$ is additionally a positive chain sequence. Coefficients $(c_n,d_n)$ provide a parametrization of a family of measures related to $μ$ by addition of a mass point at $z=1$. In this paper we estimate the location of the extreme zeros (those closest to $z=1$) of the para-orthogonal polynomials from the $(c_n,d_n)$-parametrization of the measure, and use this information to establish sufficient conditions for the existence of a gap in the support of $μ$ at $z=1$. These results are easily reformulated in order to find gaps in the support of $μ$ at any other $z\in \mathbb T$. We provide also some examples showing that the bounds are tight and illustrating their computational applications.
Newer second-line glucose-lowering drugs versus thiazolidinediones on cirrhosis risk among older US adult patients with type 2 diabetes
Creators: name: Stürmer, T.
name: Pate, V.
name: Crowley, M.J.
name: Moon, A.M.
name: Kim, H.
name: Buse, J.B.
name: Barritt, A.S., IV
name: Yang, J.Y.
name: Alexopoulos, A.-S.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accelerates progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis, yet the effects of most glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) on cirrhosis risk in T2D are unknown. To address this gap, we compared cirrhosis risk following initiation of newer second-line GLDs vs. thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which improve histology in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Materials and methods: Using the US Medicare Fee-for-Service database (2007–2015) and an active comparator, new-user design, we estimated crude incidence rates (IRs) and propensity-score adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for incident cirrhosis, comparing newer GLDs (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA), and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)) vs. TZDs. Results: Among 239,549 total initiators, we observed 318, 151, and < 30 cirrhosis events when comparing DPP4i vs. TZD, GLP1RA vs. TZD, and SGLT2i vs. TZD, respectively. IRs ranged from 1.7 [95% CI, 0.8–3.6] to 3.6 [2.5–5.2] events per 1000 person-years. Point aHR estimates for cirrhosis were elevated among newer GLD initiators vs. TZD (DPP4i: 1.15 [0.89–1.50]; GLP1RA: 1.34 [0.82–2.20]; SGLT2i: 1.16, [0.44–3.08]), although estimates were imprecise due to short durations of drug exposure. Conclusions: We observed mildly elevated cirrhosis risk with newer GLDs vs. TZD; however, uncertainty remains due to imprecise and statistically non-significant effect estimates.
Supplementary figure 1 from Kin but less than kind: within-group male relatedness does not increase female fitness in seed beetles
Creators: name: Berg, Elena C.
name: Lind, Martin I.
name: Monahan, Shannon
name: Bricout, Sophie
name: Maklakov, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Lifetime reproductive success LRS (number of adult offspring) by treatment group, when including females that did not reproduce: brothers (blue), non-related males (red), individuals raised in group (solid symbols) or alone (open symbols). Top panel shows raw data, with the mean ± 95%CI indicated with black bars at each group. Bottom panel shows an estimation plot, where treatment levels are compared to NF, with a graded sampling distribution of bootstrapped values with a 95% CI.
Bounding Violations of the Weak Gravity Conjecture
Creators: name: Henriksson, Johan
name: McPeak, Brian
name: Russo, Francesco
name: Vichi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The black hole weak gravity conjecture (WGC) is a set of linear inequalities on the four-derivative corrections to Einstein--Maxwell theory. Remarkably, in four dimensions, these combinations appear in the $2 \to 2$ photon amplitudes, leading to the hope that the conjecture might be supported using dispersion relations. However, the presence of a pole arising in the forward limit due to graviton exchange greatly complicates the use of such arguments. In this paper, we apply recently developed numerical techniques to handle the graviton pole, and we find that standard dispersive arguments are not strong enough to imply the black hole WGC. Specifically, under a fairly typical set of assumptions, including weak coupling of the EFT and Regge boundedness, a small violation of the black hole WGC is consistent with unitarity and causality. We quantify the size of this violation, which vanishes in the limit where gravity decouples and also depends logarithmically on an infrared cutoff. We discuss the meaning of these bounds in various scenarios. We also implement a method for bounding amplitudes without manifestly positive spectral densities, which could be applied to any system of non-identical states, and we use it to improve bounds on the EFT of pure photons in absence of gravity.
description: 55 pp
(978) Ralph Parsons Beardshaw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Friction Boosted by Equilibrium Misalignment of Incommensurate Two-Dimensional Colloid Monolayers
Creators: name: Mandelli, Davide
name: Vanossi, Andrea
name: Manini, Nicola
name: Tosatti, Erio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal 2D monolayers sliding in an optical lattice are of recent importance as a frictional system. In the general case when the monolayer and optical lattices are incommensurate, we predict two important novelties, one in the static equilibrium structure, the other in the frictional behavior under sliding. Structurally, realistic simulations show that the colloid layer should possess in full equilibrium a small misalignment rotation angle relative to the optical lattice, an effect so far unnoticed but visible in some published experimental moiré patterns. Under sliding, this misalignment has the effect of boosting the colloid monolayer friction by a considerable factor over the hypothetical aligned case discussed so far. A frictional increase of similar origin must generally affect other incommensurate adsorbed monolayers and contacts, to be sought out case by case.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures (including Supplemental Material)
title: un espace de parole modelé par les élèves pour soutenir le climat de classe et le vivre ensemble
title: un espace de parole modelé par les élèves pour soutenir le climat de classe et le vivre ensemble
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Alberi, Luna
name: Bischof, Roxane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Espace de parole
subject: Vivre-ensemble
subject: Climat de classe
subject: Besoins des élèves
subject: Co-construction
subject: Autonomie

description: A l’école, le climat de classe et le bien-être des élèves sont la pierre d’assise de la réalisation de leurs apprentissages et de leur sentiment d’appartenance. Chaque enseignant a donc pour mission de les favoriser. Pour y parvenir, plusieurs ressources sont à sa portée, notamment la mise à disposition d’un espace de parole pour les élèves. Les propositions de se former dans cette pratique ne manquent pas au cours de la carrière d’enseignant. Ces multiples possibilités témoignent de l’importance et de la richesse de telles instances. Partant de cet état de fait, nous avons consacré ce travail à l’étude et à la mise en place d’un espace de parole modelé et géré par les élèves selon leurs besoins. Il met en lumière quels sont ces besoins et tente également de saisir si et comment cet espace de parole a influencé le climat de classe et l’apprentissage du vivre-ensemble. Il démontre que l’instance de parole créée par les élèves se rapproche du conseil institutionnel, l’un des nombreux modèles de conseil préexistants. Au cours de cette étude, les élèves ont eu la liberté de s’exprimer périodiquement selon la modalité qui leur convenait. Les observations de ces moments ont été réalisées au moyen de grilles d’observation et de questionnaires de satisfaction (selon l’échelle de Likert) qui ont été distribués à chaque élève. À la lumière de ces données, nous constatons les éléments suivants : mise en place sur moyen à long terme, l’instance développée améliore le climat de classe et développe certaines compétences psychosociales chez les élèves. En revanche et contrairement à nos attentes, donner pleine liberté aux élèves les a déstabilisés et empêchés de créer des projets de classe ou d’échanger des techniques d’apprentissage, leurs échanges se limitant souvent au récit d’anecdotes ou à la résolution de conflits. Nous concluons au terme de ce travail sur la nécessité de coconstruire une culture d’autonomie progressive avec les élèves dès le début de l’année scolaire, pour pallier leur habituation à la culture scolaire et au « rôle d’élève » qui leur est assigné.
Supplementary Information from Multicellular behaviour enables cooperation in microbial cell aggregates.
Creators: name: Ebrahimi, Ali
name: Schwartzman, Julia
name: Cordero, Otto X.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60114 Systems Biology

description: Oligosaccharides produced from the extracellular hydrolysis of biological materials can act as common goods that promote cooperative growth in microbial populations, whereby cell–cell aggregation increases both the per capita availability of resources and the per-cell growth rate. However, aggregation can also have detrimental consequences for growth, as gradients form within aggregates limiting the resource accessibility. We built a computational model, which predicts cooperation is restricted in dense cell aggregates larger than 10 µm because of the emergence of polymer and oligomer counter gradients. We compared these predictions to experiments performed with two well-studied alginate-degrading strains of Vibrio splendidus, which varied in their ability to secrete alginate lyase. We observed that both strains can form large aggregates (less than 50 µm), overcoming diffusion limitation by rearranging their internal structure. The stronger enzyme producer grew non-cooperatively and formed aggregates with internal channels that allowed exchange between the bulk environment and the aggregate, whereas the weak enzyme producer showed strongly cooperative growth and formed dense aggregates in which cells near the core mixed by active swimming. Our simulations suggest that the mixing and channelling reduce diffusion limitation and allow cells to uniformly grow in aggregates. Together, these data demonstrate that bacterial behaviour can help overcome competition imposed by resource gradients within cell aggregates.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Single-cell ecology’.
Incidence and risk factors of non-device-associated pneumonia in an acute-care hospital
Creators: name: Dibiase, L.M.
name: Marx, A.H.
name: Stewart, P.W.
name: Weber, D.J.
name: Sickbert-Bennett, E.E.
name: Lund, J.L.
name: Strassle, P.D.
name: Klompas, M.
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2020

description: Objective: To update current estimates of non-device-associated pneumonia (ND pneumonia) rates and their frequency relative to ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and identify risk factors for ND pneumonia. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Academic teaching hospital. Patients: All adult hospitalizations between 2013 and 2017 were included. Pneumonia (device associated and non-device associated) were captured through comprehensive, hospital-wide active surveillance using CDC definitions and methodology. Results: From 2013 to 2017, there were 163,386 hospitalizations (97,485 unique patients) and 771 pneumonia cases (520 ND pneumonia and 191 VAP). The rate of ND pneumonia remained stable, with 4.15 and 4.54 ND pneumonia cases per 10,000 hospitalization days in 2013 and 2017 respectively (P =.65). In 2017, 74% of pneumonia cases were ND pneumonia. Male sex and increasing age we both associated with increased risk of ND pneumonia. Additionally, patients with chronic bronchitis or emphysema (hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-3.06), congestive heart failure (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.07-2.05), or paralysis (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09-2.73) were also at increased risk, as were those who were immunosuppressed (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.18-2.00) or in the ICU (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.06-2.09). We did not detect a change in ND pneumonia risk with use of chlorhexidine mouthwash, total parenteral nutrition, all medications of interest, and prior ventilation. Conclusion: The incidence rate of ND pneumonia did not change from 2013 to 2017, and 3 of 4 nosocomial pneumonia cases were non-device associated. Hospital infection prevention programs should consider expanding the scope of surveillance to include non-ventilated patients. Future research should continue to look for modifiable risk factors and should assess potential prevention strategies.
Cosmic Birefringence from Monodromic Axion Dark Energy
Creators: name: Gasparotto, Silvia
name: Obata, Ippei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently reported non-zero isotropic birefringence angle in Planck 2018 polarization data provides a tantalizing hint for new physics of axions. In this paper, we explain this by a string theory motivated axion with a monodromy potential that plays the role of dark energy. Upon using the birefringence measurement and the constraint on the equation of state for dark energy in this scenario, we find an upper bound on the axion decay constant as $f_a \lesssim 10^{16}$ GeV. This naturally gives an energy scale of order GUT and can resolve the theoretical issue of super-Planckian field range of the conventional axion dark energy model. We further study the implications of cosmic birefringence for the underlying theory and its consequences for the string swampland conjectures. We finally discuss oscillatory features in the dark energy sector and the expected cosmic birefringence tomography.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
The Cystic Fibrosis-Like Airway Surface Layer Is not a Significant Barrier for Delivery of Eluforsen to Airway Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: De Jager, M.
name: Matthee, B.
name: Brinks, V.
name: Livraghi-Butrico, A.
name: Beumer, W.
name: Henig, N.
name: Button, B.
name: Lipinska, K.
Publisher: name: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Background: Eluforsen (previously known as QR-010) is a 33-mer antisense oligonucleotide under development for oral inhalation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with the delta F508 mutation. Previous work has shown that eluforsen restores CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function in vitro and in vivo. To be effective, eluforsen has first to reach its primary target, the lung epithelial cells. Therefore, it has to diffuse through the CF airway surface layer (ASL), which in CF is characterized by the presence of thick and viscous mucus, impaired mucociliary clearance, and persistent infections. The goal of this study was to assess delivery of eluforsen through CF-like ASL. Methods and Results: First, air-liquid interface studies with cultured primary airway epithelial cells revealed that eluforsen rapidly diffuses through CF-like mucus at clinically relevant doses when nebulized once or repeatedly, over a range of testing doses. Furthermore, eluforsen concentrations remained stable in CF patient sputum for at least 48 hours, and eluforsen remained intact in the presence of various inhaled CF medications for at least 24 hours. When testing biodistribution of eluforsen after orotracheal administration in vivo, no differences in lung, liver, trachea, and kidney eluforsen concentration were observed between mice with a CF-like lung phenotype (ENaC-overexpressing mice) and control wild-Type (WT) littermates. Also, eluforsen was visualized in the airway epithelial cell layer of CF-like muco-obstructed mice and WT littermates. Finally, studies of eluforsen uptake and binding to bacteria prevalent in CF lungs, and diffusion through bacterial biofilms showed that eluforsen was stable and not absorbed by, or bound to bacteria. In addition, eluforsen was found to be able to penetrate Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Conclusions: The thickened and concentrated CF ASL does not constitute a significant barrier for delivery of eluforsen, and feasibility of oral inhalation of eluforsen is supported by these data.
The Psychological and Health Benefits of Using a Continuous Glucose Monitor for a Person with Type 1 Diabetes: A South African Higher Education Context
Creators: name: Knowles, Anria
name: Dr Rossano Wells
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Counseling
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Education
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Continuous Glucose Monitor
subject: Type 1 Diabetes
subject: Psychotherapy
subject: Diabetes
subject: Blood glucose
subject: Psychology
subject: anxiety
subject: social isolation

description: Background: There has been an increasing focus on the unique health needs and experiences of people with chronic health problems, given health disparities between these groups and the wider population. The focus of this study is on understanding the psychological and health benefits of using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to present findings from interviews on their experiences. All interviewees were subsequently invited for intervention at an Open Distance Learning institution in South Africa. Methods: Data were collected using an online semi-structured questionnaire to gather information influencing the study participant’s decision to use CGM during the context of COVID-19. An invitation was sent via Facebook group ‘Type 1 Diabetics South Africa’ and attracted 30 responses. The final study comprised of 10 respondents whose returned questionnaires met the inclusion criteria and took part in the in-depth interviews for analysis using Atlas.ti9 software. Results: The results suggest that T1D participants benefited from using CGM in combating chronic medical and psychological (psychosocial) conditions. Many reported improvements in health and psychological factors; in time monitoring of glucose levels, low events of hypoglycaemia, improved self-confidence, improved concentration span, diminished numbers of hospitalization. Some reported improved socialization, relief from finger pricking pains and better control of life. Graphical representations of the different results will be depicted in tables and figures . Conclusions: The 4th industrial revolution is technology-based and continuous glucose monitoring is a form of artificial intelligence enabling people living with T1 diabetes to make smarter choices more often and at a faster pace with more information. If people with diabetes are unable to access this intelligent technology, they will be at increased risk of complications, hypoglycaemia, reducing their quality of life. The use of CGM by T1D, with complementary psychotherapy, indicated improved health related quality of life.
Tuning the Quantum Efficiency of Random Lasers - Intrinsic Stokes-Shift and Gain
Creators: name: Lubatsch, Andreas
name: Frank, Regine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the theoretical analysis for tuning the quantum efficiency of solid state random lasers. Vollhardt-Woelfle theory of photonic transport in disordered non-conserving and open random media, is coupled to lasing dynamics and solved positionally dependent. The interplay of non-linearity and homogeneous non-radiative frequency conversion by means of a Stokes-shift leads to a reduction of the quantum efficiency of the random laser. At the threshold a strong decrease of the spot-size in the stationary state is found due to the increase of non-radiative losses. The coherently emitted photon number per unit of modal surface is also strongly reduced. This result allows for the conclusion that Stokes-shifts are not sufficient to explain confined and extended mode regimes.
description: 4 figures, Scientific Reports (2015)
Mometasone absorption in cultured airway epithelium
Creators: name: Zanation, A.M.
name: Senior, B.A.
name: Ebert, C.S., Jr.
name: Lee, R.E.
name: Kimple, A.J.
name: Soma, P.S.,
name: Ehrmann, B.M.
name: Thorp, B.D.
name: Mascenik, T.
name: Randell, S.H.
name: Lewis, C.A.
name: Nguyen, T.T.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Background: Topical mometasone is frequently used as an intranasal spray, on drug-eluting stents, and compounded by specialty pharmacies as a sinus rinse. A typical sinus rinse contains 1.2 mg of mometasone dissolved in 240 mL of buffered saline and is flushed through the sinonasal cavity. The mometasone irrigation rapidly flows to the contralateral sinonasal cavity or the nasopharynx with a contact time on the order of 5 to 10 seconds. However, no information is available on the absorption rate of topical mometasone on the sinonasal surface. Methods: To determine the absorption characteristics of mometasone, we harvested nasal epithelium from 2 healthy donors and differentiated them into a mature ciliated epithelium on Millicell membranes. We applied mometasone to the apical surface for various time intervals and then rinsed off non-absorbed mometasone with phosphate-buffered saline. Millicell membranes with the adherent epithelial cells were then harvested and stored in guanidine hydrochloride for quantification using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results: Fifty percent of the maximal absorption occurred after an average of 38 minutes after application, and maximal absorption occurred after an average of 114 minutes. Conclusion: Our data provide an estimate for rates of absorption of mometasone applied to the sinonasal cavity and suggest that the absorption rates poorly match contact time during saline lavage.
Strategic Maneuver and Disruption with Reinforcement Learning Approaches for Multi-Agent Coordination
Creators: name: Asher, Derrik E.
name: Basak, Anjon
name: Fernandez, Rolando
name: Sharma, Piyush K.
name: Zaroukian, Erin G.
name: Hsu, Christopher D.
name: Dorothy, Michael R.
name: Mahre, Thomas
name: Galindo, Gerardo
name: Frerichs, Luke
name: Rogers, John
name: Fossaceca, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reinforcement learning (RL) approaches can illuminate emergent behaviors that facilitate coordination across teams of agents as part of a multi-agent system (MAS), which can provide windows of opportunity in various military tasks. Technologically advancing adversaries pose substantial risks to a friendly nation's interests and resources. Superior resources alone are not enough to defeat adversaries in modern complex environments because adversaries create standoff in multiple domains against predictable military doctrine-based maneuvers. Therefore, as part of a defense strategy, friendly forces must use strategic maneuvers and disruption to gain superiority in complex multi-faceted domains such as multi-domain operations (MDO). One promising avenue for implementing strategic maneuver and disruption to gain superiority over adversaries is through coordination of MAS in future military operations. In this paper, we present overviews of prominent works in the RL domain with their strengths and weaknesses for overcoming the challenges associated with performing autonomous strategic maneuver and disruption in military contexts.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures, 60 references, Review Paper
Supplementary Information from Multicellular behaviour enables cooperation in microbial cell aggregates
Creators: name: Ebrahimi, Ali
name: Schwartzman, Julia
name: Cordero, Otto X.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60114 Systems Biology

description: Oligosaccharides produced from the extracellular hydrolysis of biological materials can act as common goods that promote cooperative growth in microbial populations, whereby cell–cell aggregation increases both the per capita availability of resources and the per-cell growth rate. However, aggregation can also have detrimental consequences for growth, as gradients form within aggregates limiting the resource accessibility. We built a computational model, which predicts cooperation is restricted in dense cell aggregates larger than 10 µm due to the emergence of polymer and oligomer counter gradients. We compared these predictions to experiments performed with two well-studied alginate-degrading strains of Vibrio splendidus, which varied in their ability to secrete alginate lyase. We observed that both strains can form large aggregates (less than 50 µm), overcoming diffusion limitation by rearranging their internal structure. Stronger enzyme producer grew non-cooperatively and formed aggregates with internal channels that allowed exchange between the bulk environment and the aggregate, whereas the weak enzyme producer showed strongly cooperative growth and formed dense aggregates in which cells near the core mixed by active swimming. Our simulations suggest that the mixing and channelling reduce diffusion limitation and allow cells to uniformly growth in aggregates. Together, these data demonstrate that bacterial behaviour can help overcome competition imposed by resource gradients within cell aggregates.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Single-cell ecology’.
(980) Charles Harrison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: L'outil « lecture à voix haute » dans Lalilo : une pratique de différenciation efficace ?
title: L'outil « lecture à voix haute » dans Lalilo : une pratique de différenciation efficace ?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dürig, Casey
name: Stäubli, Maxime
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Lalilo
subject: lecture
subject: numérique
subject: différenciation
subject: compréhension de texte
subject: synthèse vocale

description: Les recherches autour des apports des outils numériques lors de l’apprentissage de la lecture mettent en lumière des résultats contrastés, parfois même contradictoires. D’un côté, de nombreuses recherches indiquent que les écrans détériorent la lecture et fatiguent l’œil rapidement. De l’autre, le numérique est prôné comme un outil puissant, révolutionnant l’enseignement et permettant de favoriser les apprentissages de tous les élèves. Nous avons investigué les apports possibles du numérique au moyen de la plateforme Lalilo qui permet aux élèves d’apprendre à lire sur un support entièrement numérique, et plus particulièrement sur son outil de « lecture à voix haute » intégré, permettant aux élèves de se faire lire des mots des exercices par le logiciel. Dans notre recherche, nous nous sommes demandé si cette fonctionnalité améliorait les apprentissages des élèves. Pour ceci, nous avons fait passer des tâches tirées de Lalilo à une classe d’élèves de 4ème Harmos, répartie en trois groupes de niveau de lecture moyen homogène. Un premier groupe a effectué les tâches sur Lalilo et a pu utiliser l’outil « lecture à voix haute », un second groupe a fait les tâches selon une modalité « papier-crayon » et a bénéficié du guidage de l’enseignant durant la phase de travail, tandis que le dernier groupe a effectué les tâches selon une modalité « papier-crayon » de manière entièrement autonome. Nous avons ensuite mesuré l’impact de l’outil « lecture à voix haute » sur les apprentissages des élèves, en comparant les données issues de ces trois groupes afin de vérifier si l’outil « lecture à voix haute » apporte une plusvalue à la compréhension de texte. Les résultats de notre recherche indiquent que les élèves n’utilisent pas d’eux-mêmes l’outil « lecture à voix haute ». En revanche, lorsque l’enseignant a insisté sur la nécessité de l’utiliser, des progrès ont été constatés chez certains élèves à besoins particuliers. Ainsi, cet outil est un outil de différenciation efficace à condition que ce dernier soit utilisé.
High Precision Higgs from High Energy Muon Colliders
Creators: name: Forslund, Matthew
name: Meade, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muon colliders are an exciting possibility for reaching the highest energies possible on the shortest timescale. They potentially combine the greatest strengths of $e^+e^-$ and $pp$ colliders by bridging the energy versus precision dichotomy. In this paper we study the sensitivity of Higgs properties that can be achieved with a future 3 or 10 TeV muon collider from single Higgs production. The results presented here represent the first comprehensive picture for the precision achievable including backgrounds and using fast detector simulation with Delphes. Additionally, we compare the results of fast detector simulation with available full simulation studies that include the muon collider specific Beam Induced Background, and show the results are largely unchanged. We comment on some of the strengths and weaknesses of a high energy muon collider for Higgs physics alone, and demonstrate the complementarity of such a collider with the LHC and $e^+e^-$ Higgs factories. Furthermore, we discuss some of the exciting avenues for improving future results from both theoretical and detector R&D that could be undertaken.
description: 29 pages, accepted for publication in JHEP, includes improved treatment of forward muon tagging and other minor changes
title: Evaluating school closures through a rural lens
Creators: name: Rappolt, Rob
name: Seasons, Mark
name: Irwin, Bill
Publisher: name: Canadian Institute of Planners
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Community and school--Ontario
subject: Rural schools

description: Rural school closures are a perennial policy challenge for many communities across Canada. Against a backdrop of fiscal prudence and declining enrolments, school boards are increasingly closing and consolidating rural schools in an effort to balance the fiscal books. This is an alarming trend given the inherent role of schools to the vitality or rural communities, and because these decisions are being rendered in the absence of evidence-based research on both the acute and long-term implications of these decisions. In this article, the authors draw upon the Southwestern Ontario experience to present a discussion on this highly-charged issue through a distinctly rural planning lens; a perspective that is unique to a topic that otherwise has a significant dearth of associated research. It is argued that greater support for rural school is urgently required through more context-appropriate policy that is both people- and place-based. This includes greater flexibility not only in how schools share space and are supported by the community at large, but also through continued advocacy from rural planners and municipalities highlighting the irreplaceable role of schools to the long-term overall wellbeing of rural communities across Canada.
description: La fermeture d’écoles en zone rurale représente un défi politique constant pour de nombreuses collectivités au Canada. Dans un contexte de gestion financière prudente et de baisse d’inscriptions, les conseils scolaires optent de plus en plus pour la fermeture ou la fusion des écoles en zone rurale pour des raisons d’équilibre budgétaire. Il s’agit d’une tendance alarmante compte tenu du rôle que les écoles jouent dans la vitalité des collectivités rurales. Par ailleurs, ces décisions sont prises en l’absence de recherche basée sur des données probantes concernant les répercussions graves et à long terme que ces décisions entrainent. Dans cet article, les auteurs s’appuient sur l’expérience du sud-ouest de l’Ontario pour présenter une discussion sur ce sujet qui soulève des passions si on l’envisage dans une optique d’urbanisme rural; une perspective unique pour un sujet pour lequel il y a normalement un manque de données. On soutient qu’il est urgent de fournir un soutien plus important pour les écoles en zone rurale par l’intermédiaire de politiques adaptées au contexte, tenant compte à la fois de la population et du lieu. Ce qui comprend une plus grande souplesse non seulement sur la façon dont les écoles partagent l’espace et sont soutenues par l’ensemble de la collectivité, mais aussi par la mobilisation continue des urbanistes et des municipalités en zone rurale pour souligner le rôle irremplaçable des écoles dans le bien-être général à long terme des collectivités rurales partout au Canada.
(981) Sarah [Harrison]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
BiHom-Associative Algebras, BiHom-Lie Algebras and BiHom-Bialgebras
Creators: name: Graziani, Giacomo
name: Makhlouf, Abdenacer
name: Menini, Claudia
name: Panaite, Florin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A BiHom-associative algebra is a (nonassociative) algebra $A$ endowed with two commuting multiplicative linear maps $α,β\colon A\rightarrow A$ such that $α(a)(bc)=(ab)β(c)$, for all $a, b, c\in A$. This concept arose in the study of algebras in so-called group Hom-categories. In this paper, we introduce as well BiHom-Lie algebras (also by using the categorical approach) and BiHom-bialgebras. We discuss these new structures by presenting some basic properties and constructions (representations, twisted tensor products, smash products etc).
Detailed Materials and Methods from The need to account for cell biology in characterizing predatory mixotrophs in aquatic environments.
Creators: name: Wilken, Susanne
name: Yung, Charmaine
name: Hamilton, Maria
name: Hoadley, Kenneth
name: Nzongo, Juliana
name: Eckmann, Charlotte
name: Luque, Maria Corrochano
name: Poirier, Camille
name: Worden, Alexandra Z.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Photosynthesis in eukaryotes first arose through phagocytotic processes wherein an engulfed cyanobacterium was not digested, but instead became a permanent organelle. Other photosynthetic lineages then arose when eukaryotic cells engulfed other already photosynthetic eukaryotic cells. Some of the resulting lineages subsequently lost their ability for phagocytosis, while many others maintained the ability to do both processes. These mixotrophic taxa have more complicated ecological roles, in that they are both primary producers and consumers that can shift more towards producing the organic matter that forms the base of aquatic food chains, or towards respiring and releasing CO2. We still have much to learn about which taxa are predatory mixotrophs as well as about the physiological consequences of this lifestyle, in part, because much of the diversity of unicellular eukaryotes in aquatic ecosystems remains uncultured. Here, we discuss existing methods for studying predatory mixotrophs, their individual biases, and how single-cell approaches can enhance knowledge of these important taxa. The question remains what the gold standard should be for assigning a mixotrophic status to ill-characterized or uncultured taxa—a status that dictates how organisms are incorporated into carbon cycle models and how their ecosystem roles may shift in future lakes and oceans.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Single-cell ecology’.