cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Usinage de poches en UGV - Aide au choix de stratégies
Creators: name: Mawussi, Kwamiwi
name: Lavernhe, Sylvain
name: Lartigue, Claire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper deals with associating the optimal machining strategy to a given pocket geometry, within the context of High-Speed Machining (HSM) of aeronautical pockets. First we define different classes of pocket features according to geometrical criteria. Following, we propose a method allowing to associate a set of capable tools to the features. Each capable tool defines a machined zone with a specific geometry. The last part of the paper is thus dedicated to associate the optimal machining strategy to a given geometry within the context of HSM. Results highlight that analyses must be conducted in a dynamical as well as a geometrical viewpoint. In particular, it becomes necessary to integrate dynamical specifities associated to the behavior of the couple machine/NC unit in the tool path calculation.
title: Microbiological and Sensory Effects of Milk Processed for Extended Shelf Life and the Development of Rapid Methods to Quantitate Spores and Lipase Activity
Creators: name: Blake, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1996

description: The initial aim of this work was to evaluate processing conditions for extended shelf life (ESL) milk to have a shelf life at refrigeration temperature of 60 d. Milk was processed on a pilot-scale ultra-high-temperature processing plant and evaluated for microbial and sensory quality over 60 d at 7°C storage. Results of this study showed that lower process temperatures were preferable to minimize cooked flavors and that the minimum safe processing temperature was 134°C for 4 s as determined by the destruction of bacterial spores in the processed milk.
Consumer preference panel results indicated that consumers preferred milk processed at 134°C for 4 s (those recommended in this study for ESL processing) to commercial UHT milk although there was a slight preference for pasteurized milk. The critical sensory characteristic of the processed milk was a cooked flavor, which decreased with lower processing temperature and shorter storage time; however, a significant increase in flavors that could be associated with lipolytic activity was also noted.
This study highlighted deficiencies in existing methods for determining heat-stable bacterial products in thermal-processed foods. No rapid, sensitive assay for detection of heat-stable spores or lipases in milk exists. If such assays were available, it would allow processors to determine Lipase activity and bacterial spore counts before processing and direct raw milk with low spore counts and low lipolytic activity into long-shelf-life products. To this end, assays to rapidly quantitate spores and lipolytic activity in milk were developed.
The lipase assay relies on the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl caprylate liberating a yellow color that is detected using reflectance colorimetry. The assay is sensitive to 5 mUnits/ml and is linearly correlated to spectrophotometry (r2 = 0.93) and release of titratable free fatty acids (r2 = 0.92 to 0.97).
An immunocapture, enzyme-linked immunoassay coupled with a fluorescent detection system was developed for and resulted in a prototype spore assay using Bacillus stearothermophilus spores. This organism was selected because it is extremely heat resistant, is commonly found in milk, and is associated with spoilage of milk and milk products. The assay was able to quantitate spores down to 103 cfu/ml in milk and other products in about 1.5 h. Other detection limits could be set if needed.
A community legal centre for Tasmania
Creators: name: Mackirdy, Alison
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis describes the options for setting up a Tasmanian Community Legal Centre. One problem for a Tasmanian-based operation is that there is no definitive model that can be followed. There are many community legal centres operating on the mainland but they are diverse heterogeneous entities that differ markedly between states and often even within states. This thesis looks at some of the problems inherent in defining what a Community Legal Centre (CLC) is, how it can relate both philosophically and practically to its surrounding community, and how it sees it role, not only in terms of delivery of legal services but also in terms of a philosophical commitment to changing the agenda for legal service delivery, legal education and access to law.
Tree-ring based precipitation variability since AD 1828 in northwestern Liaoning, China
Creators: name: Peng, Junjie
name: Sun, Yu
name: Chen, Ming
name: He, Xingyuan
name: Davi, Nicole K.
name: Zhang, Xianliang
name: Li, Teng
name: Zhu, Cuiying
name: Cai, Chao
name: Chen, Zhenju
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Atmosphere

description: A 183-year record of total precipitation from September to current July was reconstructed using tree rings from Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) to explore regional moisture variations in northwestern Liaoning province. The reconstruction accounts for 35.4% of the total variance of the instrumental precipitation from 1957 to 2010. The reconstruction shows eleven persistent dry periods (e.g. 1856–1866, 1886–1891, 1898–1905), and eleven persistent wet periods (e.g. 1835–1855, 1867–1878, 1892–1897). Spectral analysis of the reconstruction shows several significant spectral peaks in the ca. 2–4-year periodicity band, suggesting inter-annual variability of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The precipitation reconstruction shows correlations related to the East Asian Monsoon and possible teleconnection of regional moisture variations to Pacific Ocean signals, such as El Niño and La Niña.
Signatures of nonadiabatic O2 dissociation at Al(111): First-principles fewest-switches study
Creators: name: Carbogno, Christian
name: Behler, Joerg
name: Reuter, Karsten
name: Gross, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, spin selection rules have been invoked to explain the discrepancy between measured and calculated adsorption probabilities of molecular oxygen reacting with Al(111). In this work, we inspect the impact of nonadiabatic spin transitions on the dynamics of this system from first principles. For this purpose the motion on two distinct potential-energy surfaces associated to different spin configurations and possible transitions between them are inspected by means of the Fewest Switches algorithm. Within this framework we especially focus on the influence of such spin transitions on observables accessible to molecular beam experiments. On this basis we suggest experimental setups that can validate the occurrence of such transitions and discuss their feasibility.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Changes in deep-water CO₂ concentrations over the last several decades determined from discrete pCO₂measurements
Creators: name: Wanninkhof, Rik
name: Park, Geun-Ha
name: Takahashi, Taro
name: Feeley, Richard A.
name: Bullister, John L.
name: Doney, Scott C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical oceanography
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Detection and attribution of hydrographic and biogeochemical changes in the deep ocean are challenging due to the small magnitude of their signals and to limitations in the accuracy of available data. However, there are indications that anthropogenic and climate change signals are starting to manifest at depth. The deep ocean below 2000 m comprises about 50% of the total ocean volume, and changes in the deep ocean should be followed over time to accurately assess the partitioning of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) between the ocean, terrestrial biosphere, and atmosphere. Here we determine the changes in the interior deep-water inorganic carbon content by a novel means that uses the partial pressure of CO₂ measured at 20 °C, pCO₂(20), along three meridional transects in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. These changes are measured on decadal time scales using observations from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)/World Hydrographic Program (WHP) of the 1980s and 1990s and the CLIVAR/CO₂ Repeat Hydrography Program of the past decade. The pCO₂(20) values show a consistent increase in deep water over the time period. Changes in total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) content in the deep interior are not significant or consistent, as most of the signal is below the level of analytical uncertainty. Using an approximate relationship between pCO₂(20) and DIC change, we infer DIC changes that are at the margin of detectability. However, when integrated on the basin scale, the increases range from 8–40% of the total specific water column changes over the past several decades. Patterns in chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), along with output from an ocean model, suggest that the changes in pCO₂(20) and DIC are of anthropogenic origin.
Reproductive biology of the eastern and least chipmunk
Creators: name: Venhuizen, Bradley Austin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Eastern and least chipmunks from northern Minnesota were studied in regard to fecundity, age at maturity, timing of reproduction, and changes in the reproductive organs with age and season. A computer program for discriminate analysis was used to determine relative age of the individual animals. Traditional age indicators were used as variables. The result is a measure of the dispersion of the individual animal from a selected control group using all variables at once. Subjective decisions are almost eliminated by this technique. The histology of the reproductive and accessory organs is similar to that of other sciurids as described by other authors. An apparent difference is the presence of two very distinctive areas in the epididymides. The epithelium of one region has central nuclei and is about 31.4 mu. in height. The epithelium of the other area has basal nuclei and is about 16 mu. in height. Sperm is absent from the lumina of the first tubule type, but abundant in the lumina of the second tubule type. The chipmunks in both Oregon and Minnesota had only one breeding season per year which occurred shortly after emergence from hibernation. Hence juveniles do not breed until the spring following their birth. A significant change in ovulation rate of the eastern chipmunk was detected between 1967 and 1968, and for the least chipmunk in Oregon between 1968 and 1969. The rates changed from 7.09 in 1967 to 4.35 in 1968 for the eastern chipmunk, and from 4.78 in 1968 to 6.31 in 1969 for the least chipmunk. Preimplantation loss and resorption of embryos increased in the years of lower ovulation rate.
title: Microeconomics
title: ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ
titleType: Subtitle
title: ÐÐ¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÐ°
Creators: name: ÐÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð°, ÐÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð°
name: ÐÐ°ÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÐ»ÑÐ³Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: microeconomic theories
microeconomic models
microeconomics analysis
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Holocene glacier culminations in the Western Alps and their hemispheric relevance
Creators: name: Schimmelpfennig, Irene Lois
name: Schaefer, Joerg M.
name: Akcar, Naki
name: Ivy-Ochs, Susan
name: Finkel, Robert C.
name: Schlüchter, Christian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Climatic changes

description: The natural variability of Holocene climate defines the baseline to assess ongoing climate change. Greenland ice-core records indicate warming superimposed by abrupt climate oscillations in the early Holocene, followed by a general cooling trend throughout the middle and late Holocene that culminated during the Little Ice Age (LIA). Tropical precipitation changes correlate with these patterns throughout the Holocene. Here we use mountain glaciers in the European Alps to reconstruct the regional Holocene climate evolution and to test for a link between mid-latitude, North Atlantic, and tropical climate. Our precise 10Be chronology from Tsidjiore Nouve Glacier, western Swiss Alps, indicates a glacier culmination during the earliest Holocene ∼11.4 k.y. ago, likely related to the Preboreal Oscillation. Based on our data, no Holocene glacier advance of similar amplitude occurred until ∼3.8 k.y. ago, when the glacier reached LIA limits. The 10Be ages between 500 and 170 yr correspond to the LIA, while the youngest 10Be ages overlap with the historically recorded post-LIA glacier positions. Integrating our data with existing records, we propose a hemispheric climate link between the Alps, North Atlantic temperature, and tropical precipitation patterns for the Holocene, supporting the concept of a pervasive climate driver. These findings from northern mid-latitudes are consistent with the hypothesis formulated for the tropics that the Earth’s thermal equator, responding to North Atlantic temperature changes, might have migrated southward throughout the Holocene, reaching the southern turning point toward the end of the LIA.
Optical Integral and Sum Rule Violation
Creators: name: Maiti, Saurabh
name: Chubukov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this work is to investigate the role of the lattice in the optical Kubo sum rule in the cuprates. We compute conductivities, optical integrals W, and ΔW between superconducting and normal states for 2-D systems with lattice dispersion typical of the cuprates for four different models -- a dirty BCS model, a single Einstein boson model, a marginal Fermi liquid model, and a collective boson model with a feedback from super-conductivity on a collective boson. The goal of the paper is two-fold. First, we analyze the dependence of W on the upper cut-off w_c placed on the optical integral because in experiments W is measured up to frequencies of order bandwidth. For a BCS model, the Kubo sum rule is almost fully reproduced at w_c equal to the bandwidth. But for other models only 70%-80% of Kubo sum rule is obtained up to this scale and even less so for ΔW, implying that the Kubo sum rule has to be applied with caution. Second, we analyze the sign of ΔW. In all models we studied ΔW is positive at small w_c, then crosses zero and approaches a negative value at large w_c, i.e. the optical integral in a superconductor is smaller than in a normal state. The point of zero crossing, however, increases with the interaction strength and in a collective boson model becomes comparable to the bandwidth at strong coupling. We argue that this model exhibits the behavior consistent with that in the cuprates.
description: 16 pp, 23 figures, submitted to PRB, typo corrected, reference added
Mechanically-Controlled Binary Conductance Switching of a Single-Molecule Junction
Creators: name: Quek, Su Ying
name: Kamenetska, Maria
name: Steigerwald, Michael L.
name: Choi, Hyoung Joon
name: Louie, Steven G.
name: Hybertsen, Mark S.
name: Neaton, J. B.
name: Venkataraman, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular-scale components are expected to be central to nanoscale electronic devices. While molecular-scale switching has been reported in atomic quantum point contacts, single-molecule junctions provide the additional flexibility of tuning the on/off conductance states through molecular design. Thus far, switching in single-molecule junctions has been attributed to changes in the conformation or charge state of the molecule. Here, we demonstrate reversible binary switching in a single-molecule junction by mechanical control of the metal-molecule contact geometry. We show that 4,4'-bipyridine-gold single-molecule junctions can be reversibly switched between two conductance states through repeated junction elongation and compression. Using first-principles calculations, we attribute the different measured conductance states to distinct contact geometries at the flexible but stable N-Au bond: conductance is low when the N-Au bond is perpendicular to the conducting pi-system, and high otherwise. This switching mechanism, inherent to the pyridine-gold link, could form the basis of a new class of mechanically-activated single-molecule switches.
Seasonal dynamics of vegetation over the past 100 years inferred from tree rings and climate in Hulunbei'er steppe, northern China
Creators: name: Li, Jingbo
name: Chen, Zhenju
name: Fang, Keyan
name: Davi, Nicole K.
name: He, Xingyuan
name: Cui, Mingxing
name: Zhang, Xianliang
name: Peng, Junjie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Environmental sciences

description: The relationship between monthly vegetation cover anomalies and climate in the Hulunbei'er steppe were studied through analyzing the relationship between regional normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and climatic variables, and NDVI and tree-ring width during the growing season (May–October). The local moisture (dry/wet) and temperature (cold/warm) variations largely affected the vegetation cover and the radial growth of Mongolian pines (Pinus sylvestiris Linnaeus var. mongolica Litvinov) in the steppe. Monthly precipitation and Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) data from the previous to the current growing seasons were positively correlated to regional vegetation cover and radial growth of Mongolian pines; however, negative correlations were found between temperature and vegetation variables. A reconstruction of monthly vegetation cover dynamics for the growing season was created and spans 116 years (from 1891 to 2006). The results show that the total numbers of anomalies for dense and sparse seasonal vegetation cover is 22 years over the 116 year record; about 5–7 relatively dense or sparse periods; and ∼2–8 years significant periodicities (p > 0.05). Linkages to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic Ocean regimes were also detected.
Entropy measures for complex networks: Toward an information theory of complex topologies
Creators: name: Anand, Kartik
name: Bianconi, Ginestra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantification of the complexity of networks is, today, a fundamental problem in the physics of complex systems. A possible roadmap to solve the problem is via extending key concepts of information theory to networks. In this paper we propose how to define the Shannon entropy of a network ensemble and how it relates to the Gibbs and von Neumann entropies of network ensembles. The quantities we introduce here will play a crucial role for the formulation of null models of networks through maximum-entropy arguments and will contribute to inference problems emerging in the field of complex networks.
description: (4 pages, 1 figure)
Review of Dictionary of Scripture and Ethics, ed. Joel B. Green
Creators: name: Baker, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Theology

description: As general editor Joel B. Green of Fuller Seminary notes in his introduction, while the disciplines of biblical studies and Christian ethics have not always paid consistent attention to one another, the past several decades have been a period of increased cross-fertilization resulting in the production of a large and diverse literature. A single-volume work attempting to cover such expansive conceptual territory will have to be very judicious indeed in its selection and treatment of potentially relevant topics. Given its North American, broadly evangelical readership—aiming to be of use to "students, pastors, and scholars" so that the light of God's word "may be restored in the church"—this Baker Academic volume generally succeeds in offering clear, concise, and fair introductory treatments of a broad range of often complex and contested biblical and ethical subjects.
Velocity dominated singularities in the cheese slice universe
Creators: name: Giang, Dan
name: Dyer, Charles C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of spacetimes resulting from matching together exact solutions using the Darmois matching conditions. In particular we focus on the asymptotically velocity term dominated property (AVTD). We propose a criterion that can be used to test if a spacetime constructed from a matching can be considered AVTD. Using the Cheese Slice universe as an example, we show that a spacetime constructed from a such a matching can inherit the AVTD property from the original spacetimes. Furthermore the singularity resulting from this particular matching is an AVTD singularity.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the International Journal of Modern Physics D
Boron, carbon, and oxygen isotopic composition of brachiopod shells: Intra-shell variability, controls, and potential as a paleo-pH recorder
Creators: name: Penman, Donald E.
name: Hoenisch, Baerbel
name: Rasbury, E. Troy
name: Hemming, N. Gary
name: Spero, Howard J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Chemical oceanography
Paleontology

description: The boron isotopic composition of biogenic carbonates has been used to reconstruct seawater pH and atmospheric pCO2 on Pleistocene and Cenozoic timescales. Because of their excellent preservation and extensive fossil record throughout the Phanerozoic, brachiopods are a promising candidate for extending the boron isotope record as far back as the Cambrian. Here we present stable carbon, oxygen, and boron isotopic measurements of modern Terebratulid brachiopod calcite in comparison with environmental pH estimates calculated from oceanographic data. Geochemical transects along the length and depth of single shells confirm previously published trends in carbon and oxygen isotopic composition. In the outer surface (primary and outermost secondary layers), δ11B covaries with δ13C and δ18O, with more negative values in the outer and more positive values in the middle of the shell. However, δ11B deviates from δ13C and δ18O in the inner part of the secondary layer, where the δ13C and δ18O values are more positive and near equilibrium, whereas δ11B returns to more negative values. A comparison of different specimens of the species Terebratalia transversa (Sowerby, 1846) and Laqueus californianus (Küster, 1844) microsampled from the middle part of the fibrous secondary layer demonstrates a clear correlation to ambient pH with a sensitivity similar to other empirical calibration curves for cultured planktic foraminifers, corals, and inorganic calcite. The relationship in other species is less clear and significantly offset, necessitating the use of a single species or a cross-calibration method with other species in paleo-pH reconstructions.
Calibration of the in situ cosmogenic 14C production rate in New Zealand's Southern Alps
Creators: name: Schimmelpfennig, Irene Lois
name: Schaefer, Joerg M.
name: Goehring, Brent M.
name: Lifton, Nathaniel
name: Putnam, Aaron Ervin
name: Barrell, David J. A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: In situ cosmogenic 14C (in situ 14C) analysis from quartz-bearing rocks is a novel isotopic tool useful for quantifying recent surface exposure histories (up to ∼25 ka). It is particularly powerful when combined with longer-lived cosmogenic isotopes such as 10Be. Recent advances in the extraction of in situ 14C from quartz now permit the routine application of this method. However, only a few experiments to calibrate the production rate of in situ 14C in quartz have been published to date. Here, we present a new in situ 14C production rate estimate derived from a well-dated debris flow deposit in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, previously used to calibrate 10Be production rates. For example, based on a geomagnetic implementation of the Lal/Stone scaling scheme we derive a spallogenic production rate of 11.4 ± 0.9 atoms 14C (g quartz)−1 a−1 and a 14C/10Be spallogenic production rate ratio of 3.0 ± 0.2. The results are comparable with production rates from previous calibrations in the northern hemisphere.
Influence of wood harvest on tree-ring time-series of Picea abies in a temperate forest
Creators: name: Esper, Jan
name: Benz, Matthias
name: Pederson, Neil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Forests and forestry
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Climatic changes

description: Tree-ring width data are the prime source of high-resolution climate reconstructions covering recent millennia. Their variations, from year-to-year, are calibrated against regional instrumental data to evaluate the strength of associations with temperature and precipitation records, though the level of variance explained by climatic variables is frequently less than 50%. Among the remaining factors affecting tree growth, the influence of forest management for tree-ring width time-series used to resolve annual climate reconstructions remains relatively unexplored. We here evaluate the impact of conventional single-tree harvesting on tree-ring data using a compilation of circumstantially mapped Picea abies sites in western Germany. Climate signals are explored by calibration against regional temperature and precipitation data, and the influences of forest management analyzed using long-term logging data spanning the past 40–80 years and mapped stumps (and neighboring trees) spanning the past 20 years. Our results indicate a weak but statistically significant control of total May–July precipitation of P. abies growth. This association is only marginally, if at all, affected by forest management, i.e. wider tree-rings due to improved access to light and nutrients in years after logging events are either not found or in line with increased precipitation sums following single-tree harvest. These findings suggest only minor influences of selective harvesting on Picea tree-ring growth in western Germany, and overall limited biases of annually resolved climate reconstructions from lower elevation central European sites due to historical logging events.
On Profit-Maximizing Pricing for the Highway and Tollbooth Problems
Creators: name: Elbassioni, Khaled
name: Raman, Rajiv
name: Ray, Saurabh
name: Sitters, Rene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the \emph{tollbooth problem}, we are given a tree $\bT=(V,E)$ with $n$ edges, and a set of $m$ customers, each of whom is interested in purchasing a path on the tree. Each customer has a fixed budget, and the objective is to price the edges of $\bT$ such that the total revenue made by selling the paths to the customers that can afford them is maximized. An important special case of this problem, known as the \emph{highway problem}, is when $\bT$ is restricted to be a line. For the tollbooth problem, we present a randomized $O(\log n)$-approximation, improving on the current best $O(\log m)$-approximation. We also study a special case of the tollbooth problem, when all the paths that customers are interested in purchasing go towards a fixed root of $\bT$. In this case, we present an algorithm that returns a $(1-ε)$-approximation, for any $ε> 0$, and runs in quasi-polynomial time. On the other hand, we rule out the existence of an FPTAS by showing that even for the line case, the problem is strongly NP-hard. Finally, we show that in the \emph{coupon model}, when we allow some items to be priced below zero to improve the overall profit, the problem becomes even APX-hard.
Glossoscolecidae Steffen & Steffen & Bartz & James & Jacques & Brown & Antoniolli 2018
Creators: name: Steffen, Gerusa Pauli Kist
name: Steffen, Ricardo Bemfica
name: Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina
name: James, Samuel Wooster
name: Jacques, Rodrigo Josemar Seminotti
name: Brown, George Gardner
name: Antoniolli, Zaida Inês
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Haplotaxida
Glossoscolecidae

description: Glossoscolecidae (juveniles)   COFMBRRS0067, 1 juvenile, surface soil horizon (0–50 cm) in Eucalyptus sp. monoculture, Dilermando de Aguiar-RS (29°54'56,5''S 54°19'48,7''W), November 2009, G.P.K. Steffen and R.B. Steffen, colls. COFMBRRS0072, 1 juvenile, surface soil horizon (0–50 cm) in Eucalyptus sp. monoculture, Vila Nova do Sul-RS (30°20'23.8''S 53°51'58.4''W), November 2009, G.P.K. Steffen and R.B. Steffen, colls. COFMBRRS0085, 4 juveniles, surface soil horizon (0–50 cm) in native pasture, Nova Esperança do Sul-RS (29°22'34.5''S 54°46'04.7''W), February 2010, G.P.K. Steffen and R.B. Steffen, colls.
description: Published as part of Steffen, Gerusa Pauli Kist, Steffen, Ricardo Bemfica, Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Jacques, Rodrigo Josemar Seminotti, Brown, George Gardner & Antoniolli, Zaida Inês, 2018, Earthworm diversity in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 562-575 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on page 566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.43, http://zenodo.org/record/1447035
The role of Bacterial-based Protist Communities in Aquatic and Soil Ecosystems and the Carbon Biogeochemical Cycle, with Emphasis on Naked Amoebae
Creators: name: Anderson, O. Roger
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biogeochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Current research is reviewed on aquatic and soil microbial ecology with attention to the fate of organic carbon in bacterial-based protist food webs, including some new data. Particular attention is given to the effects of pulsed sources of low-molecular weight organic sources of carbon on soil respiration, changes in bacterial, nanoflagellate, and naked amoeba C-biomass, and evidence for throughput of carbon in microbial food webs in Arctic and some low-latitude, temperate soil environments. The proportion of pulsed sources of glucose-C that is sequestered in microbial biomass relative to loss as CO2 is examined in laboratory experimental studies, and implications of the research for microbial community dynamics and global warming due to terrestrial sources of respiratory CO2 are discussed.
title: Conjunctival Impression Cytology Assessment of Vitamin A Status of Migrant Children
Creators: name: Nihan, Laura
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1995

description: Subclinical vitamin A deficiency was assessed in 65 Hispanic children attending four migrant Head Start programs in Utah. Subjects aged 2 to 6 years (median 3 years 10 months) were examined for evidence of vitamin A deficiency by conjunctival impression cytology. Biochemical indices for serum vitamin A, retinol-binding protein, zinc, and iron were performed.
Of eight children (12.5%) with subclinical vitamin A deficiency, one child had a marginal serum vitamin A of 11 μg/dl. Retinol-binding protein concentrations were significantly lower in two subjects with abnormal conjunctival impression cytology. Serum zinc, which when low can mimic signs of ocular vitamin A lesions, was normal for all 65 subjects. Fifteen children (23%) had iron-deficiency anemia.
Logistic regression was the central method of analysis used in this study. The results of the statistical analyses indicated there was a correlation value (0.31) between abnormal conjunctival impression cytology and serum vitamin A, which supports the hypothesis that abnormal conjunctiva! impression cytology is concurrent with decreased serum vitamin A.
Assessment of vitamin A status of Hispanic migrant children by impression cytology was effective in identifying children at risk for hypovitaminosis A. Beyond vitamin A's role in vision and maintenance of epithelium, it is also required for growth and hematopoiesis. The children of migrant workers may be suffering physiologically important consequences of vitamin A and iron deficiency that can be prevented by screening with biochemical and histological testing. Nutrition intervention for deficient children is warranted.
Information requirements analysis in the design of management information systems/decision support systems in academic libraries, using the critical success factors methodology
Creators: name: Hutton, OE
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Academic libraries are complex organisations/professional bureaucracies in dynamic environments. Corporate information as a resource through well-designed management information systems/decision support systems (MIS/DSS) is vital to their success and strategic survival, but these are not being used in academic libraries. 'Off-the-shelf (network or turnkey) MSS/DSS will not answer their needs. Custom-designed systems are necessary, based on the individual organisation's planning situation and needs. Technical requirements for MIS/DSS are in place, through current automated integrated library systems (ILSs), information technology links, and software extensions. Data is potentially unlimited. Information overload is a problem for acquiring operational, tactical and strategic management information. Assessment of information requirements of library managers without information overload is seen as the greatest impediment to the successful design and use of 1VIIS/DSS. Information requirements analysis methodologies select only the most relevant management information, thus forming the most cost-effective basis for the design and use of MIS/DSS. Using Davis' contingency method, the most appropriate information requirements analysis methodology is identified for academic libraries, the Critical Success Factors (C SF) method. Applied strictly, using Bullen and Rockart's Primer, at a case study site, this exploratory study primarily examined its ease of use, its success in eliciting both individual and corporate CSFs from senior academic library managers, and secondarily its ability to establish relevant performance measures, reports, and linkages to data elements from their 1LS, as a basis for the design of a MIS/DSS. The use of the methodology can be replicated in any library environment, noting possible organisational factors influencing its success. Organisational influences on the decision-making environment in academic libraries will impact on the recognition and need for management information. This in turn affects the need for MIS/DSS. It also affects the success of the CSF methodology's application. Some of these influences, e.g. organisational structure, management approaches, and planning techniques are briefly reviewed. Future studies should take these into account. Examining these further will improve assessments of information requirements using the CSF method for the use and design of MIS/DSS in the library environment.
Local and Effective Temperatures of Quantum Driven Systems
Creators: name: Caso, Alvaro
name: Arrachea, Liliana
name: Lozano, Gustavo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce thermometers to define the local temperature of an electronic system driven out-of-equilibrium by local AC fields. We also define the effective temperature in terms of a local fluctuation-dissipation-relation. We show that within the weak driving regime these two temperatures coincide. We also discuss the behavior of the local temperature along the sample. We show that it exhibits spatial fluctuations following an oscillatory pattern. For weak driving, regions of the sample become heated, while others become cooled as a consequence of the driving.
Additional file 1 of The prognostic value of tumor mutational burden related 6-gene-based Risk Score in laryngeal cancer patients
Creators: name: Yang, Dong
name: Liu, Juan
name: Liu, Naibin
name: Yin, Chunlei
name: Zhang, Huan
name: Xu, Jianhua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Full results of enriched GO enrichment analysis of 210 DEGs.
Proxy-to-proxy calibration: Increasing the temporal resolution of quantitative climate reconstructions
Creators: name: Gunten, Lucien Von
name: D'Andrea, William Joseph
name: Bradley, Raymond S.
name: Huang, Yongsong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Paleoclimatology

description: High-resolution paleoclimate reconstructions are often restricted by the difficulties of sampling geologic archives in great detail and the analytical costs of processing large numbers of samples. Using sediments from Lake Braya Sø, Greenland, we introduce a new method that provides a quantitative high-resolution paleoclimate record by combining measurements of the alkenone unsaturation index (UK 37) with non-destructive scanning reflectance spectroscopic measurements in the visible range (VIS-RS). The proxy-to-proxy (PTP) method exploits two distinct calibrations: the in situ calibration of UK 37 to lake water temperature and the calibration of scanning VIS-RS data to down core UK 37 data. Using this approach, we produced a quantitative temperature record that is longer and has 5 times higher sampling resolution than the original UK 37 time series, thereby allowing detection of temperature variability in frequency bands characteristic of the AMO over the past 7,000 years.
title: Evaluation of Methods Used in Meat Iron Analyses and Iron Content of Raw, Cooked, and Cured Meats
Creators: name: Clark, Eldred Merlyn
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1997

description: This research project was divided into three parts. In the first part, heme, nonheme, and total iron methodologies for meats were evaluated. The accuracy, precision, and specificity of each method were determined by spike recoveries of heme and nonheme iron, and by analysis of National Institute of Science and Technology standard reference materials. The most reliable and practical methods were then used to determine the total, nonheme, and heme iron contents of various meats before and after cooking. The meats analyzed were beef, pork, lamb, chicken, and turkey. The wet-ashing technique was a novel procedure in which nitric acid was used to digest most of the solids followed by peroxy-monosulfuric acid to complete the digestion. Total iron values of the meats were consistent with those previously reported, but the percentage of heme iron in red meats was much greater than commonly assumed, both before and after cooking.
In the second part, the distribution of heme and total iron in heat-processed poultry products was investigated using light and dark chicken meat in the form of deep-flied chicken breasts and legs purchased from fast food restaurants and grocery stores in a ready-to-eat condition. Heme and total iron values were 1.7 ± 0.5 and 6.5 ± 2.0 μg Fe/g meat for light chicken meat and 7.6 ± 1.6 and 19.3 ± 2.2 μg Fe/g for dark chicken meat. Percent heme iron values averaged 29 and 40% for light and dark chicken meat, respectively.
In the third and final part, an application for the heme and nonheme iron data assembled above was developed to give dieticians an important tool in dietary formulations designed to maintain iron homeostasis. From the data it is evident that cooked light chicken meat, taken from the breast, would provide the lowest quantity of absorbable iron among the meats investigated and that ground beef, highest in heme iron, would provide the greatest quantity of bioavailable iron.
Additional research was performed on processed beef products. Cooked ground beef, frankfurters, beef steak, and roast beef were analyzed for heme and total iron. The different beef products contained similar amounts of total iron, 31.4 to 34.2 μg/g, but the heme iron content ranged from 6.2 μg/g in frankfurters to 36.3 μg/g in beef steak. Percent heme iron ranged from 33.0 to 63.8% in all meats. Total iron, heme iron, and percent heme iron varied significantly (P < 0.01) among meats, sources, and preparations. This research was published and has been reproduced in Appendix F.
Tight constraints on F- and D-term hybrid inflation scenarios
Creators: name: Battye, Richard
name: Garbrecht, Bjorn
name: Moss, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use present cosmological data from the cosmic microwave background, large-scale structure and deuterium at high redshifts to constrain supersymmetric F- and D-term hybrid inflation scenarios including possible contributions to the CMB anisotropies from cosmic strings. Using two different realizations of the cosmic string spectrum, we find that the minimal version of the D-term model is ruled out at high significance. F-term models are also in tension with the data. We also discuss possible non-minimal variants of the models.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies
Creators: name: Kormendy, John
name: Fisher, David B.
name: Cornell, Mark E.
name: Bender, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New surface photometry of all known elliptical galaxies in the Virgo cluster is added to published data to derive composite profiles over large dynamic ranges. Sersic functions fit them remarkably well. Effective brightnesses and radii are derived via Sersic fits and by integrating the profiles nonparametrically. We strongly confirm two dichotomies: (1) Elliptical galaxies from cDs to M32 form a tight sequence in Fundamental Plane parameter space that is almost perpendicular to the sequence of spheroidal galaxies from NGC 205 to Draco. This is consistent with our understanding of their different formation processes: mergers for Es and conversion of late-type galaxies into spheroidals by environmental effects and by energy feedback from supernovae. (2) Ellipticals come in two varieties: e.g., our 10 brightest Es have cuspy cores; our 17 fainter Es do not have cores. We find a new distinct component in coreless Es. All have extra light at the center above the inward extrapolation of the outer Sersic profile. We suggest that extra light is made by starbursts in dissipational (wet) mergers, as in numerical simulations. Three other new aspects also point to an explanation of how the E-E dichotomy formed: extra light Es were made in wet mergers while core Es were made in dry mergers. We confirm that core Es do and extra light Es generally do not contain X-ray gas. This suggests why the E-E dichotomy arose. Only core Es and their progenitors are massive enough to retain hot gas that can make dry mergers dry and protect old star populations from late star formation.
description: 94 pages, 77 figures from 170 Postscript files; requires emulateapj.sty, apjfonts.sty, and psfig.sty; accepted for publication in ApJS; for a version with full resolution figures, see http://chandra.as.utexas.edu/~kormendy/kfcb.html
Time-dependent H2 formation and protonation
Creators: name: Liszt, H. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Methods: The microscopic equations of H2-formation and protonation are integrated numerically over time in such a manner that the overall structures evolve self-consistently under benign conditions. Results: The equilibrium H2 formation timescale in an H I cloud with N(H) ~ 4x10^{20}/cm^2 is 1-3 x 10^7 yr, nearly independent of the assumed density or H2 formation rate constant on grains, etc. Attempts to speed up the evolution of the H2-fraction would require densities well beyond the range usually considered typical of diffuse gas. The calculations suggest that, under benign, quiescent conditions, formation of H2 is favored in larger regions having moderate density, consistent with the rather high mean kinetic temperatures measured in H2, 70-80 K. Formation of H3+ is essentially complete when H2-formation equilibrates but the final abundance of H3+ appears more nearly at the very last instant. Chemistry in a weakly-molecular gas has particular properties so that the abundance patterns change appreciably as gas becomes more fully molecular, either in model sequences or with time in a single model. One manifestation of this is that the predicted abundance of H3+ is much more weakly dependent on the cosmic-ray ionization rate when n(H2)/n(H) < 0.05. In general, high abundances of H3+ do not enhance the abundances of other species (e.g. HCO+) but late-time OH formation proceeds most vigourously in more diffuse regions having modest density, extinction and H2 fraction and somewhat higher fractional ionization, suggesting that atypically high OH/H2 abundance ratios might be found optically in diffuse clouds having modest extinction.
Experimental Evidence for Different Strain Regimes of Crack Populations in a Clay Model
Creators: name: Spyropoulos, Chrysanthe
name: Griffith, William J.
name: Scholz, Christopher H.
name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Faults (Geology)
Plate tectonics
Mechanics

description: We report results from clay extension experiments used as a model for the evolution of fault populations due to stress interactions. At yielding cracks begin to appear and the brittle strain due to them quickly reaches a rate matching the applied stretching rate. The crack density (number of cracks per unit area) initially increases apace, then reaches a maximum at a critical strain, decreasing thereafter. At low strains, where the crack population is dilute, a power law length distribution is observed, which at high strain, gradually transitions to an exponential. This agrees with fault populations data observed in low and high strain settings. These results indicate that fault populations ranging from power law to exponential size-frequency distributions reflect the population evolution with increased strain.