cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Screen-Printed Silicon Solar Cells with LCP Selective Emitters
Creators: name: Granek, F.
name: Fleischmann, C.
name: Kluska, S.
name: Erath, D.
name: Rentsch, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2573-2577
description: Fully functional large area screen-printed multi-crystalline silicon solar cells with Laser Chemical
Processing (LCP) selective emitters were obtained for the first time. Solar cell efficiencies between 14.4 and 15.2 %
were achieved. The absolute efficiency gain of 0.3 %abs was obtained by the application of the LCP process on the
lowly doped (120 W/sq) emitter in comparison to reference solar cell without the LCP process. The application of the
LCP selective emitter increased the fill factor of the solar cells in comparison to the reference solar cells. The
efficiency gain of these first solar cells proves the concept of applying the LCP to the standard solar cell structure.
However, the overall efficiency was strongly limited by the large width of the metal fingers and the resulting shading
and contact recombination losses. Also the non-optimized metal finger distance is limiting the FF of the solar cells
with high emitter sheet resistance. Thus the efficiency of the solar cells with lowly doped emitter was lower than in
the case of highly doped emitter. A detailed characterization of the processed solar ells is presented.
Crack Statistic of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Creators: name: Köntges, M.
name: Kajari-Schröder, S.
name: Kunze, I.
name: Jahn, U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3290-3294
description: Solar cell cracks in wafer based silicon solar modules are a well-known problem. In order to identify the
origin of cracks and thus lay the foundation for the inhibition of crack formation, we provide for the first time a statistic
crack distribution in photovoltaic (PV) modules. We evaluate electroluminescence images of PV modules tested at the
ISFH with respect to cracks. The results of the static load test and the “as delivered” PV modules are compared.
Additionally we perform a simulation of the strain distribution on a glass plate subjected to a uniform mechanical load
and supported at the edges, which is used as a measure for the relative mechanical load on the individual cells. The
measured crack distribution correlates well with the stress distribution calculated by the simulation. “As delivered” PV
modules show an average of 6% of broken cells per PV module. The analysis of the spatial distribution and orientation of
micro cracks in PV modules offers valuable insight into the causes of micro cracks if the PV module is subject to a
uniform mechanical load. It lays the foundation for PV module developments that reduce the risk of cracks, as well as for
statistical power loss assessment.
Preoperative Volume Determination for Pituitary Adenoma
Creators: name: Zukic, Dzenan
name: Egger, Jan
name: Bauer, Miriam H. A.
name: Kuhnt, Daniela
name: Carl, Barbara
name: Freisleben, Bernd
name: Kolb, Andreas
name: Nimsky, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The most common sellar lesion is the pituitary adenoma, and sellar tumors are approximately 10-15% of all intracranial neoplasms. Manual slice-by-slice segmentation takes quite some time that can be reduced by using the appropriate algorithms. In this contribution, we present a segmentation method for pituitary adenoma. The method is based on an algorithm that we have applied recently to segmenting glioblastoma multiforme. A modification of this scheme is used for adenoma segmentation that is much harder to perform, due to lack of contrast-enhanced boundaries. In our experimental evaluation, neurosurgeons performed manual slice-by-slice segmentation of ten magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cases. The segmentations were compared to the segmentation results of the proposed method using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC). The average DSC for all datasets was 75.92% +/- 7.24%. A manual segmentation took about four minutes and our algorithm required about one second.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, 16 references in Proc. SPIE 7963, Medical Imaging 2011: Computer-Aided Diagnosis, 79632T (9 March 2011). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1103.1778
Numerical Modelling of Cu2SnZn(Se,S)4 Monograin Layer Solar Cells
Creators: name: ČCernivec, G.
name: Jagomägi, A.
name: Decock, K.
name: Kauk, M.
name: Altosaar, M.
name: Varema, T.
name: Raudoja, J.
name: Merc, U.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3024-3030
description: Cu2SnZn(Se,S)4 monograin layer solar cells are based on a two-dimensional matrix of monograin
crystals embedded into the epoxy resin. The rest of the solar cell resembles a thin film CIGS solar cell in the
superstrate configuration. Laboratory AM1.5 conversion efficiency of these solar cells reaches up to 5.9% along with
the open-circuit voltages up to 660 mV and fill-factors of up to 65%. One way to improve the efficiency is to
increase the packing density of the monograins. An alternative is to enhance the properties of the solar cell structure.
By using the numerical modelling approach we have investigated the latter possibility. The results indicate the
presence of the surface defect layer between the buffer and the CZTSSe monograin absorber layers with the high
concentration of the mid-gap defects. The open-circuit voltage seems to be limited by the non-thermodynamic effect.
Besides the shallow acceptor doping in the CZTSSe layer, also wider distribution of deep compensating donor traps
occurs, which might be responsible for the low fill-factor and for the temperature trend of the short-circuit current. A
relatively narrow space charge region and a large difference between the absorbed flux and the extracted current
density points to good prospects for the short-circuit current improvement.
Impact of Gas Ambient on the Quality of Screen-Printed Phosphorus Emitters
Creators: name: Hamdi, A.
name: Uzum, A.
name: Nagashima, S.
name: Suzuki, S.
name: Suzuki, H.
name: Yoshiba, S.
name: Dhamrin, M.
name: Kamisako, K.
name: Sato, H.
name: Katsuma, K.
name: Kato, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1289-1292
description: Impact of gas ambient on the quality of screen-printed phosphorus emitters was investigated. 2.1 cm
monocrystalline silicon (CZ-Si) and 1.2 cm multicrystalline (mc-Si) p-type wafers with a surface area of 55 cm2
were used. Phosphorus diffusion paste was screen-printed on both sides of the wafers and diffused in a conventional
furnace at peak temperatures of 875 oC and 900 oC for durations of 30 min in Ar, N2, O2 and N2+O2 ambient. Sheet
resistances between 40 to 120 /sq were achieved by changing either the temperature profile or ambient. Carrier
lifetime was improved up to 8 folds than the initial values after phosphorus diffusion reaching to 88 s and 86 s in
CZ- and mc-Si p-type wafers, respectively.
Controlling the Depth of the Local Al BSF in PERC Crystalline Solar Cells Using Alternative Back Side Metallization
Creators: name: Uruena, A.
name: Hernández, J.L.
name: John, J.
name: Poortmans, J.
name: Mertens, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2562-2564
description: The aim of this work is to study rear-side contact schemes in terms of metallization and SEM
characterization of industrial-type Passivated Emitter and Rear Cells (i-PERC). The i-PERC cells consist of a
passivated emitter and rear contact using a dielectric stack of SiOx and SiNx locally opened by laser ablation [1]. The
use of metallization barriers, such as Ti, TiN, or Ta, has been investigated for the back-side field (BSF) formation,
showing its impact in cell performance. This metallization provides a good contact between Si and Al, allows
limiting the penetration of the AlSi alloy that is formed during the firing process and permits to reduce significantly
the thickness of aluminum deposited in the rear contact. In normal i-PERC cells, those pits can be as deep as 50 μm
for PVD aluminum.
Using Multimodal Measuring Systems as a Psycho-Physiological Analytics
Creators: name: Isiaka, Fatima
name: Zainab, Adamu
Publisher: name: Advancement in Human Computer Interaction and Human Physiological Modelling
Year: 2024

description: The concept of Psychophysiological measures is described as the physiological measures used in indexing psychological and cognitive constructs such as psychological processes and states. Most work has explored themind-body relationships in scientific phenomena in a confined environment. One of the problems most study faces is the difference in latency for the physiological response for all starting points due to differences invariations in terms of individual and skin and body texture. This paper approaches this in a more confined approach by conducting an experimental setup as a pilot study and using the generated data as an inputmatrix to the cognitive physiological analytics that embeds multimodal sensors of physiological reading through fingerprint moisture detection. The response state is predicted using the dynamic controls that respond to basic filtered response output through a second differential equation. The resulting output is an interface that summarises the models’ performance and response parameters.
Bifacial Concentrator Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell
Creators: name: Kost, T.
name: Untila, G.
name: Chebotareva, A.
name: Zaks, M.
name: Sitnikov, A.
name: Solodukha, O.
name: Shvarts, M.Z.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2588-2591
description: There are two reasons to use bifacial solar cells in concentrator systems. First, some optical concepts
(for example, TRAXLETM from Poulek Solar) are designed in such a way that both sides of the cell are illuminated,
therefore bifacial cells in these systems produce more electricity than monofacial cells. The second reason, as is
shown in this paper, is that bifacial cells are preferrable for application in concentrator systems. Therefore the purpose
of the present work was to develop a bifacial concentrator solar cell for application in low-concentrator system.
Developed solar cell is based on the Laminated Grid Cell (LGCell) Indium-Fluorine-Oxide/(n+pp+)Cz-Si/Indium-
Tin-Oxide structure. LGCell was made of routine crystalline Cz silicon and the front/rear efficiencies of above
17.7%/13.3% under 1-6X illumination were achieved. This result is unique because, to our knowledge, no results
concerning the development of a bifacial concentrator solar cell have been reported until now. Besides, we have
shown that under intense illumination, the open-circuit voltage of the bifacial cell decreased significantly less (158
mV after 500 s of illumination) compared to the monofacial cell (196 mV), i.e. the benefit amounts up to ~ 40 mV.
This result definitely indicates that in the case of bifacial cell, the degradation of cell performance caused by the
temperature increase under concentrated light is considerably less compared with monofacial cell.
Printable Dopant Materials for Solar Cell Applications
Creators: name: Xu, H.X.
name: Metin, L.
name: Fan, W.
name: Spear, R.
name: Leung, R.
name: Zhou, L.
name: Bhanap, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1280-1284
description: Recently n-type silicon solar cells have been getting significant interest due to their high tolerance to
metal impurities, immunity from light induced degradation, and potential to achieve higher cell efficiency. So far,
industry-wide adoption of n-type Si cells has been hindered by lack of cost effective manufacturing processes.
Although industrial manufacturing of n-type cells based on conventional architecture has started recently, the
manufacturing cost is higher than that of conventional p-type silicon solar cells. The process of manufacturing n-type
cells usually involves two diffusion steps including for example, BBr3 diffusion for top emitter formation, and POCl3
diffusion for back surface field (BSF) formation. In addition to the associated equipment depreciation, energy costs
and safety concerns involved in handling of hazardous BBr3 in high volume manufacturing, the added thermal budget
limits the use of this process to very high quality Si substrates. The present study explores the potential of using codiffusion
of boron emitter and phosphorus BSF using printable dopants. The printable dopants can be applied by
various techniques including inkjet printing and screen printing. We present the results from development of printable
dopants formulations and diffusion processes for large area cells. We have been able to reach sheet resistance (Rs)
below 60 /sq under diffusion condition of 925°C, 60 min for boron emitter with good doping uniformity over whole
wafer. The diffusion profiles of Boron dopant under different temperatures and times are presented. Various codiffusion
processes and solar cell fabrication schemes are discussed.
Laser Textured Black Multicrystalline Silicon Solar LGCells
Creators: name: Poroykov, A.
name: Untila, G.
name: Kost, T.
name: Chebotareva, A.
name: Timofeyev, M.
name: Zaks, M.
name: Sitnikov, A.
name: Solodukha, O.
name: Novodvorsky, O.
name: Khaydukov, E.
name: Zuev, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2584-2587
description: A process employing laser technique to texture the front surface of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafer
followed by chemical etching has been applied to mc-Si solar cells. Pulsed laser irradiation with energy density of
3.5 J/cm2 enables formation of the typical pillar array structures with aspect ratio of ≥3 (depth to width). Weighted
reflectance values below 3 % were achieved immediately after texturing which increased up to 5.5 % after acidic
etch and up to 13.4% after alkaline etch. The removal of the defect layer induced by laser texturing reduces the
thickness of the wafers from 200 μm down to ~140 μm. The application of laser texturing process to mc-Si solar cells
results in an increase of short circuit current density by 5.2 mA/cm2 (+18%) compared to the planar reference cells.
This benefit is provided by superior reflectance suppression and shallower refraction angles. Some fill factor and
open-circuit voltage losses are attributed to non optimized phosphorus diffusion that resulted in a much higher sheet
resistance of n+ emitter (~200 Ω/sq) compared to untextured planar wafers (40 Ω/sq). With a further adaptation of the
diffusion process, significant improvements of the cell efficiency could be achieved in the future.
First Ribbon Growth on Substrate (RGS) Solar Cells with Selective Emitter
Creators: name: Hess, U.
name: Joos, S.
name: Seren, S.
name: Hahn, G.
name: Weber, T.
name: Pichon, P.-Y.
name: Schönecker, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1262-1265
description: Ribbon Growth on Substrate (RGS) technology is a cost-effective approach in terms of silicon usage
per watt peak. The wafers are cast directly out of the melt onto reusable substrates. This process omits material losses
which occur e.g. by wire-sawing in standard blockcast wafering techniques. Also the wafers can be cast at a high
production speed in the order of one wafer per second. However, the material suffers from various crystal defects and
has grain sizes between 0.1 mm and 1 mm. To develop and adjust new cell designs, we investigate the effect of a
selective emitter structure on RGS cells. To realize a selective emitter the etch-back approach is used. It is found that
the expected gain of jsc is accompanied by losses in the fill factor. These effects compensate each other in such a way,
that no significant increase in solar cell efficiency is observable up. These first experiments with selective emitters on
RGS wafers results in efficiencies up to 12.4%.
Structure, Optic and Electronical Properties of CuInS2 /ZnS:In/SnO2
Creators: name: Kamoun Allouche, N.
name: Ben Nasr, T.
name: Kamou, N.
name: Castagne, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3031-3036
description: Thin films of copper indium disulfide (CuInS2) were prepared by spray air technique. Those films are
sprayed on doped zinc sulfide multilayer (ZnS:In) grown on SnO2/Pyrex substrates, where ZnS is used as the optical
window, CuInS2 as the absorber material in photovoltaic system and SnO2 as the ohmic contact.
The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectrophotometery.
The X-ray diffraction revealed that the as-sprayed CuInS2 absorber films are of chalcopyrite crystalline phase with a
highly (112) preferential orientation, the ZnS:In multilayer deposited by Chemical bath deposition show distinct single
crystalline phase with a preferential orientation along the (111) plane of zinc blende (ZB) and the SnO2 films are well
crystallized in the tetragonal structure and oriented preferentially in the (200) direction.
The electrical properties of these structures are analysed from current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and show that the
ZnS:In films are an alternative for replacing CdS in the photovoltaic cell structure.
Over 17.5% Efficiency Industrial 6inch Multi-Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Applying Selective Emitter
Creators: name: Shim, J.-M.
name: Oh, D.-J.
name: Cho, K.-Y.
name: Lee, E.-J.
name: Lee, H.-W.
name: Choi, J.-Y.
name: Kim, J.-S.
name: Shin, J.-E.
name: Kong, J.-H.
name: Seo, J.-K.
name: Kim, J.-S.
name: Lee, S.-H.
name: Lee, H.-S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1266-1269
description: For high efficiency and low cost multi-crystalline silicon solar cell, we applied selective emitter on
conventional screen printed solar cell. We have fabricated the industrial sized multi-crystalline solar cells (6 inch,
156mm x 156mm) with selective emitter structure by using a conventional diffusion process (POCl3) and screen
printed contact. In the 2.35mm same finger spacing, selective emitter solar cells have the higher Voc and Isc than
homogeneous emitter solar cells. But due to low FF, improved efficiency was only 0.3%. In order to have maximum
selective emitter effect, we investigated finger spacing optimization with the higher FF. In this study, we investigated
the front grid pattern by applying a selective emitter structure to minimize power loss.
Optimized selective emitter cells have 0.7% improved efficiency than homogeneous emitter solar cells. This
efficiency gain is related to a more suitable finger spacing with emitter which lead to an improved Isc and Voc
without a drop in FF. The increase of the current is due to a better blue response. High efficient (17.57%) multicrystalline
silicon solar cells with a selective emitter structure have been successfully fabricated.
Passivated Boron Doping Profiles for Industrial Solar Cells
Creators: name: Schlosser, R.E.
name: Münzer, K.A.
name: Tumback, M.
name: Keller, S.
name: Fath, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1274-1279
description: Siliconoxide- passivated boron diffusion profiles were investigated as back-surface-field on p- type silicon.
For deeper understanding two different process flows for manufacturing of solar cells were compared in a fundamental
study. Applying the optimized process flow the solar cell efficiency on p- type silicon for 156x156 mm² pseudo-square
mono-crystalline wafers could be improved to 18.5% for homogeneous and to 18.8% for laser doped selective emitters,
respectively.
Passivated boron doping profiles developed for p- type silicon were tested on n- type silicon as a rear emitter. The
solar cells achieved reasonable open circuit voltages of about 630 mV but low short current density of about 35 mA/cm²
and low fill factors of about 72%. As a reason for lower short circuit current densities low short wavelength quantum
efficiencies due to insufficient front-surface-field passivation was considered. Lower fill factors are supposed to be
caused by the non-optimized screen printed metallization of the solar cell rear side on the boron- diffusion profile using a
Al containing Ag- paste, which fired through the junction to a certain extent.
Performance of an X-ray single pixel TES microcalorimeter under DC and AC biasing
Creators: name: Gottardi, Luciano
name: van der Kuur, Jan
name: de Korte, Piet A. J.
name: Hartog, Roland Den
name: Dirks, Bob
name: Popescu, Manuela
name: Hoevers, Henk F. C.
name: Bruijn, Marcel
name: Borderias, Maria Parra
name: Takei, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are developing Frequency Domain Multiplexing (FDM) for the read-out of TES imaging microcalorimeter arrays for future X-ray missions like IXO. In the FDMconfiguration the TES is AC voltage biased at a well defined frequencies (between 0.3 to 10MHz) and acts as an AM modulating element. In this paper we will present a full comparison of the performance of a TES microcalorimeter under DC bias and AC bias at a frequency of 370kHz. In both cases we measured the current-to-voltage characteristics, the complex impedance, the noise, the X-ray responsivity, and energy resolution. The behaviour is very similar in both cases, but deviations in performances are observed for detector working points low in the superconducting transition (R/RN < 0.5). The measured energy resolution at 5.89keV is 2.7eV for DC bias and 3.7eV for AC bias, while the baseline resolution is 2.8eV and 3.3eV, respectively.
description: 4 pages, 5 figuers, the Thirteenth International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors LTD13
Emitter Formation Using Ion Implatation Method for Fabrication of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Jeon, M.-S.
name: Lee, J.-S.
name: Oh, H.
name: Lim, J.-K.
name: Hwang, M.-I.
name: Seo, J.
name: Kim, S.-K.
name: Lee, W.-J.
name: Cho, E.-C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2438-2441
description: In this paper, we present an alternative method for formation of blanket and selective emitter by ion
implantation method that can avoid problems such as the area loss by laser isolation and wet process for removing
phosphosilicate glass formed during thermal POCl3 diffusion process. It was demonstrated that laser isolation is not
necessary after fabrication of the ion implanted solar cells. Furthermore, selective emitter solar cells were fabricated
and their characteristics were investigated. The solar cells with ion implanted selective emitter showed improved cell
efficiency by increased blue response as well as reduced reverse saturation current density of solar cells. The solar
cell efficiencies of > 18.5% on 156 × 156 mm2 using a shallow 100Ω/sq. emitter and an ion implanted selective
emitter have been achieved in an industrially feasible process.
Cheung Sukumar MagD 2022.pdf
Creators: name: Cheung, May M.
name: Deluccia-Dall, Rosemary
name: Shewokis, patricia
name: Altasan, asma
name: Volpe, Stella
name: amori, Renee
name: Singh, harpreet
name: Sukumar, Deeptha
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 321099
subject: Nutrition and dietetics not elsewhere classified

description: Objective: Poor vitamin D and magnesium status is observed in individuals who are overweight and obese (Owt/Ob) and is often associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease. Magnesium is a cofactor that assists vitamin D metabolism. We aimed to determine the efﬁcacy of a combined magnesium and vita- min D regimen compared with vitamin D only on increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concen- trations and the effects of these supplements on cardiometabolic outcomes.
Methods: This 12-week double-blinded randomized controlled trial had three treatment arms: magnesium + vitamin D (MagD; 360 mg magnesium glycinate + 1000 IU vitamin D 3 £ daily), vitamin D only (VitD; 1000 IU vitamin D 3 £ daily), and placebo. A total of 95 Owt/Ob participants were randomized into one of these three study arms. Anthropometry, dietary intake, concentrations of serum 25OHD, serum parathyroid hor- mone (PTH), serum inﬂammatory markers, and blood pressure were obtained at baseline and week 12.
Results: The MagD group experienced the greatest increase in serum 25OHD concentrations (6.3 § 8.36 ng/ mL; P < 0.05). There was a decrease in systolic blood pressure (7.5 § 8.26 mmHg; P < 0.05) for individuals who had a baseline systolic blood pressure of >132 mmHg in the MagD group. There were no statistically sig- niﬁcant treatment effects on serum PTH concentrations and markers of inﬂammation.
Conclusions: A combined MagD treatment may be more effective in increasing serum 25OHD concentrations
compared with VitD supplementation alone in Owt/Ob individuals.
Operation Design of PV System with Storage Battery for EV Quick Charger at Small Retail Store
Creators: name: Kinoshita, S.
name: Wakao, S.
name: Yamazaki, J.
name: Tominaga, R.
name: Shimizu, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3881-3884
description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficient operation design of PV system with storage
battery for EV quick charger. We assume the concentrative EV quick charge model at a small shop, and apply the
multi-objective optimization for PV system designs that fulfill diverse demands from various perspectives. In this
regard, as the number of objective functions increases, it becomes difficult to appropriately evaluate the correlation
among objective functions and design variables. Therefore, we adopt the novel computational method for data mining
to effectively extract PV system design information. Finally, we find out key design variables to improve objective
functions and well-balanced solutions in respect of plural objective functions’ values.
Modelling of the Impact of Future Front Metallization Improvements in Industrial Solar Cells
Creators: name: Caballero, L.J.
name: Vázquez, C.
name: Sierras, R.
name: Díaz, V.
name: Alonso, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2538-2541
description: Front grid design is a key point for the industry in order to reach a good performance of the finally
produced solar cells. The resulting contact is highly dependent on the properties of the deposited conductive
materials, and its processing. The importance of the development of simple modelling tools, to foreseen the impact of
coming changes at the industrial environment into the metallization steps, is getting bigger.
The aim of the presented work is to show a theoretical comparative study among silicon solar cells that have a
different front grid design, with a variable number of interconnection bus-bars, though the use of an analytical
modelling previously presented elsewhere [1,2].
Optimal grid designs are always taken into account in this study, and results for different emitter configuration
(from 45 Ohm/sqr to shallow emitters) are presented for the case of having different patterns of the front contact: with
two, three and multi-bus designs (six bus design is used to show this case).
Future improvements of industrial solar cells metallization are introduced in the modelling with the
modification of the material’s parameters that are used as inputs, giving to this modelling the potential ability of been
used as a tool to evaluate the impact of the introduction of new technologies.
Distinction of Crystal Defects by Temperature Dependence of Electroluminescence
Creators: name: Sugimura, E.
name: Tsujii, S.
name: Hirata, K.
name: Fuyuki, A.
name: Fuyuki, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2554-2557
description: The electroluminescence (EL) imaging technique is a powerful and fast characterization tool
providing spatially resolved information of material properties and defect areas. The EL mechanism is two types.
The EL emission under forward-biased is proportional to the minority carrier in Silicon. The temperature
dependent by the EL resolved to separate between extrinsic defects and intrinsic material properties. The EL
under reverse-biased p-n junction is closely related to electrical breakdown. We report a detailed mechanism of
intrinsic defect by EL intensity of different temperature and separate defect type using EL imaging of temperature
dependent from forward-biased and reverse-biased EL.
Passivation Layers for Large Area Interdigitated Back Junction Cells and Their Electrical Isolation Properties
Creators: name: Robbelein, J.
name: Vermang, B.
name: Janssens, T.
name: Posthuma, N.E.
name: Poortmans, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1008-1013
description: The evolution in the solar cell industry towards thinner and higher quality wafers boosts the industrial
relevance of cell technologies as Interdigitated Back Junction cells. Absence of shadow losses gives this cell concept
a clear advantage compared to classic solar cells; however there is a tradeoff present between electrical shading and
resistive losses which leads to an optimal emitter fraction of 70-85% of the rear surface. Combining this optimal
situation for the semiconductor design and the metal pattern towards conductivity; leads to a demand for decoupling
between both when going to larger areas. Either a buried emitter concept can be used or a broadening of the
metallization. This broadening is only possible when there is an electrically isolating layer present between the
metallization of the base area and the effective emitter area, to avoid shunting. The test structure used in this paper to
measure the electrical isolation is an n+nn+ structure with a full aluminum metallization on one side and a dielectric
with a full or patterned aluminum metallization on the other side. Different dielectric layers have been tested and the
best candidate is an APCVD oxide with thermal densification, leading to no measureable shunts over a large area
(12.5x12.5cm²).
HIP-MWT – A New Cell Concept for Industrial Processing of High-Performance Metal Wrap through Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Thaidigsmann, B.
name: Spribille, A.
name: Plagwitz, H.
name: Schubert, G.
name: Fertig, F.
name: Clement, F.
name: Wolf, A.
name: Biro, D.
name: Preu, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 817-820
description: This work presents recent progress in research on multicrystalline silicon solar cells based on the HIP-MWT
concept, a simplified structure for high-performance metal wrap through cells with rear surface passivation. With
the simplified approach, no structured rear emitter is required as the rear dielectric acts as an insulating layer to
isolate the n-type contacts from the p-type base. The fabricated large-area HIP-MWT solar cells with Al2O3 rear
surface passivation and screen-printed contacts show conversion efficiencies of up to 18.2 % (confirmed) and
clearly outperform both H-pattern PERC and MWT-BSF reference cells in terms of efficiency. The reverse bias
behaviour of the cells is investigated using dark lock-in thermography and reverse current-voltage data.
Point-contact spectra of $2H-NbS{{e}_{2}}$ in the superconducting state
Creators: name: Bobrov, N. L.
name: Rybal'chenko, L. F.
name: Obolenskii, M. A.
name: Fisun, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A qualitative study of the electron-phonon interaction (EPI) spectra in $2H-NbS{{e}_{2}}$ is carried out by the method of point-contact spectroscopy in the superconducting state. Anisotropy of the EPI spectra for contacts oriented in the principal crystallographic directions (along the $c$ axis and parallel to the basal surface) was observed. Approximate values of the positions of the main features in the phonon density of states were established for both directions. The additional low-frequency peaks observed in the spectra for separate crystallographic orientations are associated with the collective oscillations of the amplitude and phase of charge density waves.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Indium Sulfide Thin Films Deposited by CBD Varying the Concentration of Precursors: Studies Based on QCM
Creators: name: Asenjo Zamorano, B.
name: Chaparro, A.M.
name: Herrero, J.
name: Gutiérrez, M.T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
CIS and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2902-2904
description: The In2S3 films have been grown from a chemical solution of precursors, under different conditions.
The growth rate of the films is monitored “in situ” with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Different properties of
the films have been analysed as a function of solution composition. By QCM is observed different deposition
mechanisms. The absorption coefficient spectra show variable absorption edges between of In2S3 (Eg = 2.2 eV) and
In2O3 (Eg = 3.7 eV). The films show low crystallinity due to the presence of amorphous In2O3.
p-Type Cz-Si PERC-Type Solar Cells Applying PECVD Aluminium Oxide Rear Surface Passivation
Creators: name: Saint-Cast, P.
name: Kania, D.
name: Billot, E.
name: Weiss, L.
name: Hofmann, M.
name: Gautero, L.
name: Kohn, N.
name: Biro, D.
name: Rentsch, J.
name: Preu, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2516-2518
description: A high-deposition-rate plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposition (PECVD) technique has been used
to deposit high-quality aluminum oxide (AlOx) layers for silicon surface passivation. Effective-carrier-lifetime values
over 2 ms have been measured on p-type 1 Ω.cm float-zone silicon wafers symmetrically deposited with PECVD
AlOx. This passivation layer has been applied on large-area industrial-type solar cells were the contacts have been
obtained using screen printing, cofiring and laser-fired contacts (LFC). A higher open-circuit voltage and a higher
short-circuit current density were demonstrated for the rear-passivated solar cells compared to state-of-the-art
aluminum-back-surface-field (Al-BSF) solar cells.
Petroplacus Pomazkina, Rodionova, Sherbakova & D. M. Williams 2016, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Pomazkina, Galina
name: Rodionova, Yelena
name: Sherbakova, Tatyana
name: Williams, David. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ochrophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Lyrellales
Lyrellaceae
Petroplacus

description: Petroplacus Pomazkina, Rodionova, Sherbakova & D.M.Williams, gen. nov.
Cells solitary, plastids unknown. Valves having naviculoid symmetry and raphe system; girdle composed of two narrow open bands perforated with one row of regular small poroids. Valve face flat, turning gradually toward mantle; linear-elliptic or broadly-linear with protracted rostrate poles. Axial area narrow, linear, widening slightly towards the centre. Raphe straight; external central raphe endings straight, expanded into T-shaped grooves; external terminal fissures deflected bluntly to the same side. Internal central raphe endings straight, filiform; internal terminal raphe endings slightly bent, with helictoglossae. Striae uniseriate, composed of small round poroids internally occluded by simple volae. Stigmata absent. To date, only two species are known, both from the type locality, both freshwater.
 Type:— Petroplacus lizae Pomazkina, Rodionova, Sherbakova & D.M. Williams (vide infra).
 Etymology:—from a combination of the related genera Petroneis and Placoneis, and the Latin word lacus, meaning a lacustrine habitat.
 Remarks:— Petroplacus resembles both Petroneis and Placoneis genera in its rostrate poles, the shape of central and axial areas, the round areolae comprising uniseriate striae and in external polar raphe endings bent to the same side (see Table). The distinctive characters of Petroplacus genus are valves with protracted rostrate ends, filiform and straight internal proximal raphe endings, each of two girdle bands with one row of pores. Petroplacus differs from Placoneis in linear-elliptic or linear broad outline, protracted rostrate poles, and in proximal raphe endings—the external endings lie within T-shaped grooves (visible under a light microscope), the internal endings are filiform straight as opposed to deflected or hooked (Cox 2003). Petroplacus differs from Petroneis in protracted rostrate valve poles, direct internal proximal raphe endings, the simple morphology of the velum, and the fine, rather than course, patterned valves.
description: Published as part of Pomazkina, Galina, Rodionova, Yelena, Sherbakova, Tatyana & Williams, David. M., 2016, Petroplacus gen. nov. (Bacillariophyta): a new genus of diatom from Lake Baikal, pp. 267-276 in Phytotaxa 272 (4) on page 269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.272.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/13647319
Performance Degradation Analyses of Different Kinds of PV Technologies in Hokuto Mega Solar Project
Creators: name: Ueda, Y.
name: Tsuno, Y.
name: Kudou, M.
name: Konishi, H.
name: Kurokawa, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3075-3079
description: “HOKUTO Mega-Solar Project” had been conducted by NEDO in Hokuto city, Japan from 2006
to 2011. Twenty four different kinds of PV modules are installed in the first phase of the demonstration. After the
three years outdoor exposure, most modules and systems showed degradation of the performance. Annual
degradation rates of the crystalline silicon technologies were around -1.2 [%/year] in average in the systems and
around -1.0 [%/year] in the modules. Other thin film technologies showed larger degradation rate with the
seasonal change of the peak powers.
Integrated Process and Device 'TCAD' for Enhancement of c-Si Solar Cell Efficiency
Creators: name: Ahn, C.
name: Drew, K.
name: Cole, A.
name: Heasman, K.
name: Brown, L.M.
name: Cowern, N.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2548-2553
description: Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) using integrated process and device simulation is widely
used in the semiconductor industry to reduce development costs and time, and to enhance device performance. In the
PV industry up to now, TCAD has usually been limited to device simulation. This paper shows results of applying
integrated TCAD using physics based simulation of process steps to predict the solar cell structure and 2D or 3D
device simulation of the resultant cell operation. The approach is applied in detail to the simulation of Laser Grooved
Buried Contact (LGBC) cells and initial results are also presented for Emitter Wrap Through and Metal Wrap
Through (EWT/MWT) architectures. The use of integrated TCAD enables direct assessment of the impact of
changing fabrication steps on key cell parameters such as Voc, jsc, FF and efficiency. Results suggest integrated
TCAD will significantly accelerate development of future PV technology processes.
Cost-Optimal Inverter Sizing for Ancillary Services - Field Experience in Germany and Future Considerations
Creators: name: Stetz, T.
name: Von Appen, J.
name: Braun, M.
name: Wirth, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3069-3074
description: This paper shows how an additional provision of reactive power influences the economically optimized
sizing of inverters for photovoltaic systems in Germany. At first, the results of an encompassing survey among 934
photovoltaic system operators show the current inverter sizing experiences for a region in South-East Bavaria. In a
second step an analytical approach for the determination of the economically optimized inverter sizing is introduced,
considering active as well as reactive power provision. The simulation results, shown in this paper, are based on real
DC measurement data of modules at a test site in Germany, with a time resolution of 1 minute for a period of four
years. It is shown that an additional reactive power provision leads to higher economically optimized inverter sizing
compared to pure active power feed-in, depending on the actual reactive power supply method and the minimum
power factor required.
Thermomechanics of PV Modules Including the Viscoelasticity of EVA
Creators: name: Eitner, U.
name: Pander, M.
name: Kajari-Schröder, S.
name: Köntges, M.
name: Altenbach, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3267-3269
description: We quantify the thermomechanical stresses in a crystalline photovoltaic module during thermal cycling
between -40°C and 85°C with the help of a Finite-Element-Analysis of a 60 cell module. The quality of the
simulation model is verified by a comparison to displacement experiments where the thermomechanical deformation
of solar cells in a PV laminate is measured [1]. We find that the key feature in the simulation model is the viscoelastic
material model for the EVA-encapsulant in order to obtain a good agreement with the experiments. The simulated
stresses in the solar cells at -40°C are compressive and reach values of up to 75 MPa. In contrast, the back sheet is at
-40°C under tensile stress of 45 MPa while the 4 mm thick glass experiences very low stresses. The EVA deforms
with principal strains of up to 23% which proofs the EVA’s mechanical function as a compliant buffer layer. The
change in the distance between two solar cells depends on their position in the module: close to the center the gap
change is 120 μm (150°C to -40°C) while at the module edges the change in the cell distance is 170μm.
Efficient Multi-view Performance Capture of Fine-Scale Surface Detail
Creators: name: Robertini, Nadia
name: De Aguiar, Edilson
name: Helten, Thomas
name: Theobalt, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a new effective way for performance capture of deforming meshes with fine-scale time-varying surface detail from multi-view video. Our method builds up on coarse 4D surface reconstructions, as obtained with commonly used template-based methods. As they only capture models of coarse-to-medium scale detail, fine scale deformation detail is often done in a second pass by using stereo constraints, features, or shading-based refinement. In this paper, we propose a new effective and stable solution to this second step. Our framework creates an implicit representation of the deformable mesh using a dense collection of 3D Gaussian functions on the surface, and a set of 2D Gaussians for the images. The fine scale deformation of all mesh vertices that maximizes photo-consistency can be efficiently found by densely optimizing a new model-to-image consistency energy on all vertex positions. A principal advantage is that our problem formulation yields a smooth closed form energy with implicit occlusion handling and analytic derivatives. Error-prone correspondence finding, or discrete sampling of surface displacement values are also not needed. We show several reconstructions of human subjects wearing loose clothing, and we qualitatively and quantitatively show that we robustly capture more detail than related methods.
description: 3D Vision (3DV), 2014 2nd International Conference on