cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Charges and Fluxes on (Perturbed) Non-expanding Horizons
Creators: name: Ashtekar, Abhay
name: Khera, Neev
name: Kolanowski, Maciej
name: Lewandowski, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a companion paper we showed that the symmetry group $\mathfrak{G}$ of non-expanding horizons (NEHs) is a 1-dimensional extension of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs group $\mathfrak{G}$ at $\mathcal{I}^{+}$. For each infinitesimal generator of $\mathfrak{G}$, we now define a charge and a flux on NEHs as well as perturbed NEHs. The procedure uses the covariant phase space framework in presence of internal null boundaries $\mathcal{N}$. However, $\mathcal{N}$ is required to be an NEH or a perturbed NEH. Consequently, charges and fluxes associated with generators of $\mathfrak{G}$ are free of physically unsatisfactory features that can arise if $\mathcal{N}$ is allowed to be a general null boundary. In particular, all fluxes vanish if $\mathcal{N}$ is an NEH, just as one would hope; and fluxes associated with symmetries representing `time-translations' are positive definite on perturbed NEHs. These results hold for zero as well as non-zero cosmological constant. In the asymptotically flat case, as noted in \cite{akkl1}, $\mathcal{I}^\pm$ are NEHs in the conformally completed space-time but with an extra structure that reduces $\mathfrak{G}$ to $\mathfrak{B}$. The flux expressions at $\mathcal{N}$ reflect this synergy between NEHs and $\mathcal{I}^{+}$. In a forthcoming paper, this close relation between NEHs and $\mathcal{I}^{+}$ will be used to develop gravitational wave tomography, enabling one to deduce horizon dynamics directly from the waveforms at $\mathcal{I}^{+}$.
description: 36 pages, 1 figure. Two clarifications and a reference added. Version to appear in JHEP
Outreach for Better Scientific Software
Creators: name: Bernholdt, David E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling

description: Historically, there have been many impediments to widespread improvement in the software development practices in the scientific and HPC software communities, a situation which has clear implications for the credibility of the resulting software. Professional reward systems tend to place far more emphasis on scientific results than on software; workshops and journals that welcome discussions of software and the software development experience are still very limited. Researchers are not trained in software engineering, and there is limited and sometimes conflicting information about which software engineering practices are useful in scientific computing and how to implement them in environments which may differ significantly from the typical commercial software settings in which they were typically developed. In this talk, I will discuss some of the strategies the IDEAS Productivity project has been pursuing to try to enhance awareness and bring relevant resources to the community through a broad range of outreach activities. And I hope to engage the audience in discussions of how they can contribute as well.
Presented at Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing (PASC18), Basel, Switzerland, 2018, Minisymposium MS32 on Increasing the Credibility of Simulation and Analytic Software for Science.
title: Assessing and Enhancing the Cooling Potential of Urban Green Infrastructure in Cologne, Germany
Creators: name: Burdová, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Hochschulbibliothek der Technischen Hochschule Köln
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik

description: With the increasing threats of climate change and the associated rise in climate extremes and natural hazards, there has been a growing focus on studies addressing mitigation and adaptation strategies for these hazards, one of which is urban heat islands (UHI). The strategies for mitigating UHI are well-established, with urban green infrastructure being one of the most effective approaches. Previous research has shown that green infrastructure can significantly reduce urban temperatures, although its effectiveness varies depending on specific properties. The cooling effectiveness of these infrastructures differs based on various factors.This paper investigates the cooling potential of various types of green infrastructure, including trees, green roofs, and vertical greenery, in a 16-ha area in Cologne's Volksgarten quarter, based on their biophysical properties. The primary objective was to develop a criteria set for green infrastructure characteristics that enhance cooling potential and climate resilience and to apply this set in assessing the area’s cooling potential. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating literature analysis to define the criteria sets, alongside spatial analysis, in-situ observations, and transpiration modelling to evaluate the study area’s actual cooling potential. The results indicated that, particularly for trees, shading properties based on ecological characteristics such as LAI, height, and crown width play a significant role. For green roofs and vertical greenery, system type characteristics and orientation are potentially more influential. The analysis also included the number of existing infrastructures and based on evaluations of these groups and their locations within the study area, it was possible to identify so-called “cool” and “hot spots” in the study area. The study concludes that while current green infrastructure implementations in the study area have medium cooling potential, there are also clear opportunities for improvement. From these findings, a targeted set of recommendations was drafted to not only enhance cooling potential and climate resistance but also to incorporate additional co-benefits, where specifically for trees, it was possible to make such recommendations even on the species level. This study offers a novel approach to evaluating mitigation strategies, contributing to a deeper understanding of the role of green infrastructure in urban climate resilience, and providing an approach to optimising its benefits with potential implications for urban planners.
Approximate low-weight check codes and circuit lower bounds for noisy ground states
Creators: name: Nirkhe, Chinmay
name: Vazirani, Umesh
name: Yuen, Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The No Low-Energy Trivial States (NLTS) conjecture of Freedman and Hastings (Quantum Information and Computation 2014), which asserts the existence of local Hamiltonians whose low energy states cannot be generated by constant depth quantum circuits, identifies a fundamental obstacle to resolving the quantum PCP conjecture. Progress towards the NLTS conjecture was made by Eldar and Harrow (Foundations of Computer Science 2017), who proved a closely related theorem called No Low-Error Trivial States (NLETS). In this paper, we give a much simpler proof of the NLETS theorem, and use the same technique to establish superpolynomial circuit size lower bounds for noisy ground states of local Hamiltonians (assuming $\mathsf{QCMA} \neq \mathsf{QMA}$), resolving an open question of Eldar and Harrow. We discuss the new light our results cast on the relationship between NLTS and NLETS. Finally, our techniques imply the existence of $\textit{approximate quantum low-weight check (qLWC) codes}$ with linear rate, linear distance, and constant weight checks. These codes are similar to quantum LDPC codes except (1) each particle may participate in a large number of checks, and (2) errors only need to be corrected up to fidelity $1 - 1/\mathsf{poly}(n)$. This stands in contrast to the best-known stabilizer LDPC codes due to Freedman, Meyer, and Luo which achieve a distance of $O(\sqrt{n \log n})$. The principal technique used in our results is to leverage the Feynman-Kitaev clock construction to approximately embed a subspace of states defined by a circuit as the ground space of a local Hamiltonian.
description: 35 pages. Version 3 fixes a small error in Theorem 1. Version 2 fixes an incorrect statement in equation (39) of Version 1
Development of Affordable Building Construction with Appropriate Green Materials in Nigeria
Creators: name: Adeniyi, Shogo Musbau
name: Sarajul Fikri Mohamed
name: Moronfoye Sikiru Ademola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Affordable house
green materials
conventional materials
building construction
low cost

description: In developing countries such as Nigeria, there are significant problems with a shortage of affordable housing for low-income earners. The high cost of traditional building materials has been identified as one of the major factors driving up construction costs in recent years. However, in the present day situation, incorporating green building materials that are appropriate and sustainable for building construction would offer excellent solutions for overcoming high construction costs. The surveying instrument was created and distributed to building professionals who are members of various professional bodies in the building sector. In north-central Nigeria, the research was conducted on all the available green materials. Surveyed instrument was prepared and distributed to building professional experts that are registered member of various professional bodies in the building sector. The extensive literature review and survey of relevant GM pinpoints various green materials and reveals that the adoption of GMs can result to lower cost of operation since they typically require little or no further process before being used for construction works. Throughout the north-central sector, 400 questionnaires were distributed. For the data analysis, 350 completed questionnaires were used.The study was analysed and a model was developed using the Analysis of Moments (AMOS) software and the structural equation model (SEM). The findings reveal that earth bricks, stone/rocks, timber, bamboo, thatches, straw fibre, and rice husk are all viable green building materials. As a result, low-cost housing units would result from the use and incorporation of green materials in building construction.
Cosmic acceleration in screening hybrid quintessence model
Creators: name: Sadjadi, H. Mohseni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A formalism for the appearance of dark energy in the matter dominated era, leading to a persistent de Sitter expansion at the late time is proposed. Our framework is a hybrid quintessence model with a non-minimal coupling to the Ricci scalar. Coupling to the curvature triggers the dark energy evolution, while the coupling of scalar fields drives this evolution to a de Sitter stable fixed point. These occur via successive $Z_2$ symmetry breakings.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, references updated
New Hashtags for F.F. Bosworth
Creators: name: Barnes, Roscoe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 220401 Christian Studies (incl. Biblical Studies and Church History)
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 220402 Comparative Religious Studies
subject: History
subject: 210399 Historical Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 220405 Religion and Society
subject: Religious Studies

description: Copyright (c) 2018 by Roscoe Barnes III
#FFBosworth
This is an announcement about the author's use of #BosworthMatters and #BosworthMention to share his research on F.F. Bosworth, author of Christ the Healer.
For more information on Bosworth, follow the Bosworth Matters blog at ffbosworth.strikingly.com
Search for Randall-Sundrum gravitons with 1 fb-1 of data from ppbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
name: Abazov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using 1 fb-1 of data from ppbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron collider collected by the D0 detector, we search for decays of Kaluza-Klein excitations of the graviton in the Randall-Sundrum model of extra dimensions to e+e- and diphotons. We set 95% confidence level upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction which translate into lower limits on the mass of the lightest excitation between 300 and 900 GeV for values of the coupling k/M(Planck) between 0.01 and 0.1.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Exponential decay of Bergman kernels on complete Hermitian manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below
Creators: name: Berger, Franz
name: Dall'Ara, Gian Maria
name: Son, Duong Ngoc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a smooth positive measure $μ$ on a complete Hermitian manifold with Ricci curvature bounded from below, we prove a pointwise Agmon-type bound for the corresponding Bergman kernel, under rather general conditions involving the coercivity of an associated complex Laplacian on $(0,1)$-forms. Thanks to an appropriate version of the Bochner--Kodaira--Nakano basic identity, we can give explicit geometric sufficient conditions for such coercivity to hold. Our results extend several known bounds in the literature to the case in which the manifold is neither assumed to be Kähler nor of "bounded geometry". The key ingredients of our proof are a localization formula for the complex Laplacian (of the kind used in the theory of Schrödinger operators) and a mean value inequality for subsolutions of the heat equation on Riemannian manifolds due to Li, Schoen, and Tam. We also show in an appendix that the so-called "twisted basic identities" are standard basic identities with respect to conformally Kähler metrics.
description: Appendix with discussion of "twisted basic identity" added
Investigation of the bottomonium ground state η_b via its inclusive charm decays
Creators: name: Hao, Gang
name: Qiao, Cong-Feng
name: Sun, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the non-relativistic QCD factorization formalism, we calculate the bottomonium ground state, $η_b$, inclusive charm decays at the leading order in the strong coupling constant $α_s$ and quarkonium internal relative velocity $v$. The inclusive charm pair production in $η_b$ decay is mainly realized through $η_b \to c \bar{c} g$ process, where the charm and anti-charm quarks then dominantly hadronize into charmed hadrons. The momentum distributions of the final states are presented. In this work, we also calculate the $J/ψ$ inclusive production rate in the $η_b$ decays, where the color-octet contribution is found to be very important. We expect this study may shed some light on finding $η_b$ or knowing more about its nature.
description: Minor corrections and References added;to appear in PRD
On 't Hooft Defects, Monopole Bubbling and Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Brennan, T. Daniel
name: Dey, Anindya
name: Moore, Gregory W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the localization computation of the expectation values of 't Hooft operators in $\mathcal{N}=2^*$ SU(N) theory on $\mathbb{R}^3 \times S^1$. We show that the part of the answer arising from "monopole bubbling" on $\mathbb{R}^3$ can be understood as an equivariant integral over a Kronheimer-Nakajima moduli space of instantons on an orbifold of $\mathbb{C}^2$. It can also be described as a Witten index of a certain supersymmetric quiver quantum mechanics with $\mathcal{N}=(4,4)$ supersymmetry. The map between the defect data and the quiver quantum mechanics is worked out for all values of N. For the SU(2) theory, we compute several examples of these line defect expectation values using the Witten index formula and confirm that the expressions agree with the formula derived by Okuda, Ito and Taki. In addition, we present a Type IIB construction -- involving D1-D3-NS5-branes -- for monopole bubbling in $\mathcal{N}=2^*$ SU(N) SYM and demonstrate how the quiver quantum mechanics arises in this brane picture.
description: 43+ 41 pages, 14 figures
Investigation into the potential mechanisms underlying normal tissue response to chronomodulated radiation
Creators: name: Harper, Emily
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Radiotherapy for cancer is an important treatment that greatly improves patients’ chance of survival and remission. However, a proportion of patients experience significant side effects because of the inevitable irradiation of healthy tissue, negatively impacting their quality of life.
Recent research has explored whether radiotherapy toxicity could be reduced by tailoring the time of treatment to the circadian cycle, however studies are difficult to compare and data is conflicting. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the response of normal tissues to radiation exposure at different stages of the circadian cycle.
In this work, Drosophila melanogaster models irradiated at different times of day yielded inconsistent trends between a variety of fly strains. As Drosophila are considered an important model for understanding circadian biology, the results presented here warrant further investigation for assessing the impact of time on radiosensitivity.
On the other hand, fibroblast models highlight that radiation timing can have a significant effect on the number of cells progressing through the cell cycle in some patients. Further evidence is also shown in regression analyses in a cohort of prostate cancer patients where SNPs in CLOCK, PER3, VAMP3 and RASD1 can predict a deterioration in both acute and late side effects.
Overall, this research has shown that the normal tissue response differs in some patients depending on the time of exposure to radiation, likely due to variations in the cell cycle over the course of the day. Furthermore, there is an association between SNPs in circadian rhythm genes and side effects in prostate cancer patients, highlighting the potential for these as predictive biomarkers. Importantly, this research has provided further evidence in support of chronomodulated radiotherapy for improving side effects and will better inform a prospective clinical trial.
The role of neutral hydrogen in setting the abundances of molecular species in the Milky Way's diffuse interstellar medium. II. Comparison between observations and theoretical models
Creators: name: Rybarczyk, Daniel R.
name: Gong, Munan
name: Stanimirovic, Snezana
name: Babler, Brian
name: Murray, Claire E.
name: Winters, Jan Martin
name: Luo, Gan
name: Dame, T. M.
name: Steffes, Lucille
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare observations of HI from the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Arecibo Observatory and observations of HCO$^+$ from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) in the diffuse ($A_V\lesssim1$) interstellar medium (ISM) to predictions from a photodissociation region (PDR) chemical model and multi-phase ISM simulations. Using a coarse grid of PDR models, we estimate the density, FUV radiation field, and cosmic ray ionization rate (CRIR) for each structure identified in HCO$^+$ and HI absorption. These structures fall into two categories. Structures with $T_s<40~\mathrm{K}$, mostly with $N(\mathrm{HCO^+})\lesssim10^{12}~\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$, are consistent with modest density, FUV radiation field, and CRIR models, typical of the diffuse molecular ISM. Structures with spin temperature $T_s>40~\mathrm{K}$, mostly with $N(\mathrm{HCO^+})\gtrsim10^{12}~\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$, are consistent with high density, FUV radiation field, and CRIR models, characteristic of environments close to massive star formation. The latter are also found in directions with a significant fraction of thermally unstable HI. In at least one case, we rule out the PDR model parameters, suggesting that alternative mechanisms (e.g., non-equilibrium processes like turbulent dissipation and/or shocks) are required to explain the observed HCO$^+$ in this direction. Similarly, while our observations and simulations of the turbulent, multi-phase ISM agree that HCO$^+$ formation occurs along sightlines with $N(\mathrm{HI})\gtrsim10^{21}~\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$, the simulated data fail to explain HCO$^+$ column densities $\gtrsim\rm{few}\times10^{12}~\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$. Since a majority of our sightlines with HCO$^+$ had such high column densities, this likely indicates that non-equilibrium chemistry is important for these lines of sight.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted to ApJ
Evolution of dust in protoplanetary disks of eruptive stars
Creators: name: Vorobyov, Eduard
name: Skliarevskii, Aleksandr M.
name: Molyarova, Tamara
name: Akimkin, Vitaly
name: Pavlyuchenkov, Yaroslav
name: Kóspál, Ágnes
name: Liu, Hauyu Baobab
name: Takami, Michihiro
name: Topchieva, Anastasiia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminosity bursts in young FU Orionis-type stars warm up the surrounding disks of gas and dust, thus inflicting changes on their morphological and chemical composition. In this work, we aim at studying the effects that such bursts may have on the spatial distribution of dust grain sizes and the corresponding spectral index in protoplanetary disks. We use the numerical hydrodynamics code FEOSAD, which simulates the co-evolution of gas, dust, and volatiles in a protoplanetary disk, taking dust growth and back reaction on gas into account. The dependence of the maximum dust size on the water ice mantles is explicitly considered. The burst is initialized by increasing the luminosity of the central star to 100-300 L_sun for a time period of 100 yr. The water snowline shifts during the burst to a larger distance, resulting in the drop of the maximum dust size interior to the snowline position because of more efficient fragmentation of bare grains. After the burst, the water snowline shifts quickly back to its preburst location followed by renewed dust growth. The timescale of dust regrowth after the burst depends on the radial distance so that the dust grains at smaller distances reach the preburst values faster than the dust grains at larger distances. As a result, a broad peak in the radial distribution of the spectral index in the millimeter dust emission develops at \approx 10 au, which shifts further out as the disk evolves and dust grains regrow to preburst values at progressively larger distances. This feature is most pronounced in evolved axisymmetric disks rather than in young gravitationally unstable counterparts, although young disks may still be good candidates if gravitational instability is suppressed. Abridged.
description: Accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Selective population of a large-angular-momentum state in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Kiely, A.
name: Muga, J. G.
name: Ruschhaupt, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to selectively populate a large angular momentum state of ultracold atoms (each with an orbital angular momentum $l \approx 2 \hbar$) in the Mott regime of a two-dimensional optical lattice. This is done by periodically modulating the lattice amplitude and implementing an additional rectangular lattice of shorter wavelength at an angle of $π/4$. The specific pulse sequences are designed using a four-level model for each well and are implemented sequentially. The results are confirmed with numerical simulations of the full Schroedinger equation. The methods of this paper are another step in constructing a modular toolbox of operations for creating higher orbital states in optical lattices.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, published version
Uniqueness of higher-dimensional phantom field wormholes
Creators: name: Rogatko, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the rigid positive energy theorem we proved the uniqueness of static spherically symmetric traversable wormholes with two asymptotically flat ends, being the higher-dimensional solutions of Einstein scalar phantom field. The proof is valid under the auxiliary condition imposed on wormhole mass and scalar charge.
description: 4 pages, LaTeX
Key climate change effects on the coastal and marine environment around the UK Overseas Territories
Creators: name: Frost, M.
name: Bamford, K.
name: Clarke, C.
name: Dark, J.
name: Dorrington, T.
name: Hardman, E.
name: Hall, J.
name: Herbon, C.
name: Lincoln, S.
name: Petit, L.
name: Whomersley, P.
name: Worboys, K.
name: MCCIP Eds.
name: Howes, E.L.
name: Buckley, P.J.
Publisher: name: Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP), Lowestoft, UK
Year: 2021

description: MCCIP Report Card 2021
title: ADCO, Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503) (11 H 1173), f. 00319
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: comptes

description: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173), f. 00319, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Distances to Galactic high-velocity clouds. Complex C
Creators: name: Wakker, B. P.
name: York, D. G.
name: Howk, J. C.
name: Barentine, J. C.
name: Wilhelm, R.
name: Peletier, R. F.
name: van Woerden, H.
name: Beers, T. C.
name: Ivezic, Z.
name: Richter, P.
name: Schwarz, U. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first determination of a distance bracket for the high-velocity cloud (HVC) complex C. Combined with previous measurements showing that this cloud has a metallicity of 0.15 times solar, these results provide ample evidence that complex C traces the continuing accretion of intergalactic gas falling onto the Milky Way. Accounting for both neutral and ionized hydrogen as well as He, the distance bracket implies a mass of 3-14x10^6 M_sun, and the complex represents a mass inflow of 0.1-0.25 M_sun/yr. We base our distance bracket on the detection of CaII absorption in the spectrum of the blue horizontal branch star SDSS J120404.78+623345.6, in combination with a significant non-detection toward the BHB star BS 16034-0114. These results set a strong distance bracket of 3.7-11.2 kpc on the distance to complex C. A more weakly supported lower limit of 6.7 kpc may be derived from the spectrum of the BHB star BS 16079-0017.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Viability of a Black Soldier Fly Plant for processing urine diversion toilet faecal waste
Creators: name: Alcock, Nicholas
name: Grau, Maximillian
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: The eThekwini Municipality (Durban, South Africa) has constructed over 80 000 Urine Diversion Toilets (UDTs) in rural areas of the City. Due to the potential health risks to residents and a precedent of provision of free basic services to poor households, it was decided to provide a safe economically feasible faecal waste emptying service. In 2015 a project was conceptualized by the Municipality to empty UDT faecal waste and bury it on site or use a circular economy approach by transporting the faecal waste to a central processing plant in order to produce valuable products. Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) technology was selected for the processing plant and a public private partnership was established between the municipality and the technology developer / operator.
A preliminary business model based on prior research and certain assumptions was used to design and develop a 20 ton a day processing plant through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
During the initial planning and design phase it was decided to utilize a relatively low tech approach to the plant in order to reduce capital expenditure, reduce the need for high skill operators and to allow for easier replication.
However, when the completed plant started operating in 2017 a number of technical challenges were experienced. Modifications were then implemented to address these challenges which in some cases raised the technology levels being utilized. A market analysis was undertaken and the business model was re-run for the modified process and other new data.
Key findings from the amended business model were as follows: A low tech approach is not viable for a large scale processing plant using BSFL technology Legislation does not prohibit the use of human waste as a rearing medium for BSFL but registration and licencing is essential and would be a complex process To achieve viability using the modified process, significant additional CAPEX would be required to upgrade the existing plant Various key model sensitivities were identified which would need to be targeted to reduce opex, increase income and achieve viability For the Municipality the BSFL plant needs to start operating at over $70 per ton profitability before it becomes a more cost effective solution than burial on site. The document provides key lessons from the front end, biology (bio conversion) and back end operations. In addition, the optimized process flow and business model provide an invaluable guide to new players in the BSFL waste processing field. The document illustrates that a circular economy approach initiated by the Municipality requires patience and the use of an iterative learning approach in order to ultimately achieve a sustainable sanitation model.
STeP ETHICS AND SAFETY GUIDE
Creators: name: Baldi, Marjorie
name: , Bill
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: The Ethics and Safety Guide contains guidance and best practices for conducting safe and ethical field testing of innovative sanitation technologies, including topics such as gaining informed consent, working with Institutional Review Boards, and ensuring workforce safety.

Key topics:
- Institutional Review Board (IRB)
- Informed Consent
- Regulations and Permissions
- Standards
- Field Testing Safety
THE STeP GLOBAL TESTING PROTOCOLS & PARAMETERS – A best practices guide for testing sanitation technologies in the field
Creators: name: Baldi, Marjorie
name: , Bill
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: One of the primary goals of STeP is to support field testing of advanced sanitation technologies. To support testing of technologies by STeP, as well as by the broader sanitation community, we have created a global testing and protocols guide. The guide, developed in collaboration with partners, offers standards, test measures, and recommendations for assessing a full spectrum of operational and performance measures.

Key topics:
- Standardized field test measurements to assess safety and performance
- Measures for liquid, solids, emissions, sound, energy and operations
- Testing parameters regulated by local or international standards
- Parameters that impact user adoption
Gravitational wave constraints on Lorentz and parity violations in gravity: high-order spatial derivative cases
Creators: name: Gong, Cheng
name: Zhu, Tao
name: Niu, Rui
name: Wu, Qiang
name: Cui, Jing-Lei
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Zhao, Wen
name: Wang, Anzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-order spatial derivatives are of crucial importance for constructing the low energy effective action of a Lorentz or parity violating theory of quantum gravity. One example is the Hořava-Lifshitz gravity, in one has to consider at least the sixth-order spatial derivatives in the gravitational action, in order to make the theory power-counting renormalizable. In this paper, we consider the Lorentz and parity violating effects on the propagation of GWs due to the fifth and sixth-order spatial derivatives respectively. For this purpose we calculate the corresponding Lorentz and parity violating waveforms of GWs produced by the coalescence of compact binaries. By using these modified waveforms, we perform the full Bayesian inference with the help of the open source software \texttt{Bilby} on the selected GW events of binary black hole (BBH) and binary neutron stars (BNS) merges in the LIGO-Virgo catalogs GWTC-1 and GWTC-2. Overall we do not find any significant evidence of Lorentz and parity violation due to the fifth and sixth-order spatial derivatives and thus place lower bounds on the energy scales $M_{\rm LV} > 2.4 \times 10^{-16} \; {\rm GeV}$ for Lorentz violation and $M_{\rm PV} > 1.0 \times 10^{-14} \; {\rm GeV}$ for parity violation at 90\% confidence level. Both constraints represent the first constraints on the fifth- and sixth-order spatial derivative terms respectively in the framework of spatial covariant gravity by using the observational data of GWs.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2110.13870; v2: version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Dynamical Simulations of Magnetically Channeled Line-Driven Stellar Winds: II. The Effects of Field-Aligned Rotation
Creators: name: ud-Doula, Asif
name: Owocki, Stanley
name: Townsend, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Building upon our previous MHD simulation study of magnetic channeling in radiatively driven stellar winds, we examine here the additional dynamical effects of stellar {\em rotation} in the (still) 2-D axisymmetric case of an aligned dipole surface field. In addition to the magnetic confinement parameter $η_{\ast}$ introduced in Paper I, we characterize the stellar rotation in terms of a parameter $W \equiv V_{\rm{rot}}/V_{\rm{orb}}$ (the ratio of the equatorial surface rotation speed to orbital speed), examining specifically models with moderately strong rotation $W =$ 0.25 and 0.5, and comparing these to analogous non-rotating cases. Defining the associated Alfvén radius $R_{\rm{A}} \approx η_{\ast}^{1/4} \Rstar$ and Kepler corotation radius $R_{\rm{K}} \approx W^{-2/3} \Rstar$, we find rotation effects are weak for models with $R_{\rm{A}} < R_{\rm{K}}$, but can be substantial and even dominant for models with $R_{\rm{A}} \gtwig R_{\rm{K}}$. In particular, by extending our simulations to magnetic confinement parameters (up to $η_{\ast} = 1000$) that are well above those ($η_{\ast} = 10$) considered in Paper I, we are able to study cases with $R_{\rm{A}} \gg R_{\rm{K}}$; we find that these do indeed show clear formation of the {\em rigid-body} disk predicted in previous analytic models, with however a rather complex, dynamic behavior characterized by both episodes of downward infall and outward breakout that limit the buildup of disk mass. Overall, the results provide an intriguing glimpse into the complex interplay between rotation and magnetic confinement, and form the basis for a full MHD description of the rigid-body disks expected in strongly magnetic Bp stars like $σ$ Ori E.
description: 14 pp, visit this http://shayol.bartol.udel.edu/massivewiki-media/publications/rotation.pdf for full figure version of the paper. MNRAS, in press
CAPTURING STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVES – Survey Instruments
Creators: name: Baldi, Marjorie
name: , Bill
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: STeP developed a suite of survey instruments designed to systematically capture the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of key stakeholders – users, maintenance staff, facility managers, etc. – throughout the field-testing process. Partners may find it a useful starting point as they plan user studies during field testing.

Key topics:
- Incorporating qualitative and quantitative methods
- Data management
- Adapting survey instruments to specific contexts
- Matching methods with data needs
GEMSEC: Graph Embedding with Self Clustering
Creators: name: Rozemberczki, Benedek
name: Davies, Ryan
name: Sarkar, Rik
name: Sutton, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern graph embedding procedures can efficiently process graphs with millions of nodes. In this paper, we propose GEMSEC -- a graph embedding algorithm which learns a clustering of the nodes simultaneously with computing their embedding. GEMSEC is a general extension of earlier work in the domain of sequence-based graph embedding. GEMSEC places nodes in an abstract feature space where the vertex features minimize the negative log-likelihood of preserving sampled vertex neighborhoods, and it incorporates known social network properties through a machine learning regularization. We present two new social network datasets and show that by simultaneously considering the embedding and clustering problems with respect to social properties, GEMSEC extracts high-quality clusters competitive with or superior to other community detection algorithms. In experiments, the method is found to be computationally efficient and robust to the choice of hyperparameters.
Entanglement in the F-AF zig-zag Heisenberg chain
Creators: name: Avella, Adolfo
name: Mancini, Ferdinando
name: Plekhanov, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the entanglement properties of the F-AF zig-zag Heisenberg chain done by means of the Density Matrix Renormalization Group method. In particular, we have selected the concurrence as measure of entanglement and checked its capability to signal the presence of quantum phase transitions within the previously found ergodicity phase diagram [E. Plekhanov, A. Avella, and F. Mancini, Phys. Rev. B \textbf{74}, 115120 (2006)]. By analyzing the behavior of the concurrence, we have been able not only to determine the position of the transition lines within the phase diagram of the system, but also to identify a well defined region in the parameter space of the model that shows a complex spin ordering indicating the presence of a new phase of the system.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures to be published in Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, presented at ESM '07
Far-Infrared frequency mode conversion using bulk acoustic phonon modes
Creators: name: Yadav, Surabhi
name: Bhattacherjee, Aranya B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to design, fabricate and control systems that can convert photons with dissimilar frequencies has technological implications in classical as well as quantum communications. Laser heating and thermal-mechanical motion in conventional micro/nanoscale optomechanical systems hamper the use of these systems in quantum information processing networks. In contrast, we propose an unconventional system comprising of a bulk quartz crystal placed within a Fabry-Perot cavity. The pumping laser is in the far-infrared region. We explore the possibility of efficient mode conversion between two optical modes supported by the system, mediated by the bulk acoustic phonons of the quartz crystal. Unlike the earlier optomechanical systems, the dark mode in our proposed system is not decoupled from the mechanical mode and yet it enables the efficient mode conversion. The novel results found in our study can be used to harness the dark state for quantum state transfer. The proposed system is robust against excessive heating.
description: 17 pages and 5 figures
title: Topic space trajectories
title: A case study on machine learning literature
Creators: name: Schäfermeier, Bastian
name: Stumme, Gerd
name: Hanika, Tom
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: topic models
subject: non-negative matrix factorization
subject: multidimensional scaling
subject: publication dynamics
subject: interpretable machine learning
subject: 004
subject: Thema
subject: Wissenschaftliche Literatur
subject: Literaturproduktion
subject: Maschinelles Lernen
subject: Multidimensionale Skalierung
subject: Nichtnegative Matrix

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
A platform for electrically pumped polariton simulators and topological lasers
Creators: name: Suchomel, H.
name: Klembt, S.
name: Harder, T. H.
name: Klaas, M.
name: Egorov, O. A.
name: Winkler, K.
name: Emmerling, M.
name: Thomale, R.
name: Hoefling, S.
name: Schneider, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional electronic materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalgenides feature unique electrical and optical properties due to the conspirative effect of band structure, orbital coupling, and crystal symmetry. Synthetic matter, as accomplished by artificial lattice arrangements of cold atoms, molecules, electron patterning, and optical cavities, has emerged to provide manifold intriguing frameworks to likewise realize such scenarios. Exciton-polaritons have recently been added to the list of promising candidates for the emulation of system Hamiltonians on a semiconductor platform, offering versatile tools to engineer the potential landscape and to access the non-linear electro-optical regime. In this work, we introduce an electronically driven square and honeycomb lattice of exciton-polaritons, paving the way towards real world devices based on polariton lattices for on-chip applications. Our platform exhibits laser-like emission from high-symmetry points under direct current injection, hinting at the prospect of electrically driven polariton lasers with possibly topologically non-trivial properties.
APARTMENTS IN INDIA – A Small-Scale Survey
Creators: name: Baldi, Marjorie
name: , Bill
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Understanding the features of apartment housing in target settings will be important to designing and testing systems. This study undertook a modest mixed methods qualitative/quantitative study to identify and assess structural features in the city of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to provide insight into the suitability for installation and testing of new sanitation technologies.

Key topics:
- General descriptive statistics
- Building feasibility analysis
- User sanitation preferences
Correlation of optical conductivity and ARPES spectra of strong-coupling large polarons and its display in cuprates
Creators: name: Myasnikova, A. E.
name: Myasnikov, E. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Common approach is used to calculate band due to strong-coupling large polaron (SCLP) photodissociation in ARPES and in optical conductivity (OC) spectra. It is based on using the coherent-states representation for the phonon field in SCLP. The calculated positions of both band maximums are universal functions of one parameter - the SCLP binding energy Ep: ARPES band maximum lies at binding energy about 3.2Ep; the OC band maximum is at the photon energy about 4.2Ep. The half-widths of the bands are mainly determined by Ep and slightly depend on Frohlich electron-phonon coupling constant: for its value 6-8 the ARPES band half-width is 1.7-1.3Ep and the OC band half-width is 2.8-2.2Ep. Using these results one can predict approximate position of ARPES band maximum and half-width from the maximum of mid-IR OC band and vice versa. Comparison of the results with experiments leads to a conclusion that underdoped cuprates contain SCLPs with Ep=0.1-0.2 eV that is in good conformity with the medium parameters in cuprates. The values of the polaron binding energy determined from experimental ARPES and OC spectra of the same material are in good conformity too: the difference between them is within 10 percent.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Orbital diamagnetism in multilayer graphenes: Systematic study with the effective mass approximation
Creators: name: Koshino, Mikito
name: Ando, Tsuneya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study on the orbital magnetism in multilayer graphenes within the effective mass approximation. The Hamiltonian and thus susceptibility can be decomposed into contributions from sub-systems equivalent to monolayer or bilayer graphene. The monolayer-type subband exists only in odd layers and exhibits a delta-function susceptibility at $E_F=0$. The bilayer-type subband appearing in every layer number gives a singular structure in the vicinity of $E_F=0$ due to the trigonal warping as well as a logarithmic tail away from $E_F=0$. The integral of the susceptibility over energy is approximately given only by the layer number.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Stability of rotatory solitary states in Kuramoto networks with inertia
Creators: name: Munyaev, V. O.
name: Bolotov, M. I.
name: Smirnov, L. A.
name: Osipov, G. V.
name: Belykh, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solitary states emerge in oscillator networks when one oscillator separates from the fully synchronized cluster and becomes incoherent with the rest of the network. Such chimera-type patterns with an incoherent state formed by a single oscillator were observed in various oscillator networks; however, there is still a lack of understanding of how such states can stably appear. Here, we study the stability of solitary states in Kuramoto networks of identical two-dimensional phase oscillators with inertia and a phase-lagged coupling. The presence of inertia can induce rotatory dynamics of the phase difference between the solitary oscillator and the coherent cluster. We derive asymptotic stability conditions for such a solitary state as a function of inertia, network size, and phase lag that may yield either attractive or repulsive coupling. Counterintuitively, our analysis demonstrates that (i) increasing the size of the coherent cluster can promote the stability of the solitary state in the attractive coupling case and (ii) the solitary state can be stable in small-size networks with all repulsive coupling. We also discuss the implications of our stability analysis for the emergence of rotatory chimeras.