cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards early discovery of salient health threats: a social media emotion classification technique
Creators: name: Bahadorreza Ofoghi
name: Mann, Meghan
name: Verspoor, Karin
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: Online social media microblogs may be a valuable resource for timely identification of critical ad hoc health-related incidents or serious epidemic outbreaks. In this paper, we explore emotion classification of Twitter microblogs related to localized public health threats, and study whether the public mood can be effectively utilized in early discovery or alarming of such events. We analyse user tweets around recent incidents of Ebola, finding differences in the expression of emotions in tweets posted prior to and after the incidents have emerged. We also analyse differences in the nature of the tweets in the immediately affected area as compared to areas remote to the events. The results of this analysis suggest that emotions in social media microblogging data (from Twitter in particular) may be utilized effectively as a source of evidence for disease outbreak detection and monitoring.
Property Rights, Sustainability and Public Choice
Creators: name: Johnson, R.W.M.
name: Johnson, R.W.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Sustainability implies a non-degrading use of natural resources in the long term. Property systems, on the other hand, institutionalise existing resource use practices in a fixed timeframe. Where outcomes such as third party effects have not been anticipated, property systems need to be modified or attenuated. The use of pastoral lease land in New Zealand exhibits these features and some attenuation is therefore desirable in new legislation. This paper reports a personal attempt to achieve these ends through bureaucratic reform and personal representation.
Surveillance and control of Aedes aegypti mosquito in Clovis, California
Creators: name: Cornel, Anthony J
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: Aedes aegypti were first collected in June 2013 in the city of Clovis in California. The invasion first recorded in 2013, simultaneously, occurred in the cities of Madera and San Mateo and by spring of 2015 this mosquito has been collected in several more counties including San Diego, Imperial, Orange, Los Angeles, and Tulare. This ongoing widespread invasion and establishment proves that this is no longer a regional issue and has affected many cities and towns in California. The local mosquito abatement district needed follow up investigations done to validate and improve surveillance and control methods they were using on Ae. aegypti. We evaluated trap types, efficacy of various insecticides, and a potential alternative control measure (autocidal gravid ovitraps). We also conducted mark-release-recapture trials to estimate dispersal and population size which is needed for planning biological (Wolbachia) and chemical auto-dissemination control strategies.
New Zealand Agricultural Policy Review: 1994-1996 I: Macro Policy
Creators: name: Johnson, R.W.M.
name: Johnson, R.W.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The period under review has seen a resurgence of economic growth in New Zealand with consequent improvements in employment and a turn-around in the fiscal deficit. Inflation has been controlled by strict monetary policy with consequent effects on the TWI. As a result, prices of tradable goods have been depressed in a period of growth. The agricultural export sector has been disadvantaged in this environment and shows little real growth in output but continues its remarkable productivity gains. The policy parameters for agriculture continue to be set in the macroenvironment as set out in previous reviews. This article brings up to date the discussion of national policy attitudes and performance of the agricultural sector while a second article sets out the continuing search for new and modified marketing institutions in New Zealand.
Federalism in multinational societies : Switzerland, Canada, and India in comparative perspective
Creators: name: Telford, Hamish
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the politics of separatism in multinational federations. Switzerland, Canada, and India are investigated in detail. Switzerland is a multinational federation that has not experienced a separatist movement for more than one hundred and fifty years. In Canada, there is a significant separatist movement in the province of Quebec. India has experienced a number of violent secessionist crises in a number of states over the past two decades. The cases thus exhibit a range in the dependent variable (presence or absence of secessionist movements). This study adopts a legal-institutional approach to the problem of secession in multinational federations. This approach marries the classical understanding of federalism as a system of government with divided sovereignty to the more recent state-society and new institutional approaches in political science. Federalism is operationalized around three core institutions: constitutions, intergovernmental fiscal relations, and party systems. These three institutions are situated as the independent variables in the study. The dissertation argues that the institutional structure of federalism is a critical determinant of stability or instability (the presence or absence of secessionism) in multinational federations.
Tracing the manifestation of Samuel Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations" theory in the telenovela El Clon
Creators: name: Lancaster, Matthew P.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Clash of Civilizations
Samuel Huntington
Middle East
El Clon

description: Samuel Huntington’s “Clash of Civilizations” theory generated substantial discussion in academic and popular circles after being published in the early 1990’s. Despite being heavily critiqued and rebutted in the academic world, his ideas have proven more pervasive in general discourse. One of the areas where this idea remains resilient is television. In this paper, I explore how Huntington’s idea of conflict between different cultures manifests in the plot of the 2001 Spanish version of the Latin American telenovela El Clon. Through an analysis of the both the main character and some supporting characters, I trace the continuity of Huntington’s ideas of cultural conflict through selected scenes in introductory, middle and concluding episodes as the show’s protagonists attempt to navigate their problems. Additionally, I examine the reception of these ideas through the lens of certain Arab stakeholders and the general viewing audience. Through this portrayal, an understanding of how the show’s conflicts seem to reflect Huntington’s perspective will be demonstrated.
Abundance Anomalies in NGC6752 - Do AGB Stars Have a Role?
Creators: name: Campbell, S. W.
name: Fenner, Y.
name: Karakas, A. I.
name: Lattanzio, J. C.
name: Gibson, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are in the process of testing a popular theory that the observed abundance anomalies in the Globular Cluster NGC 6752 are due to `internal pollution' from intermediate mass asymptotic giant branch stars. To this end we are using a chemical evolution model incorporating custom-made stellar evolution yields calculated using a detailed stellar evolution code. By tracing the chemical evolution of the intracluster gas, which is polluted by two generations of stars, we are able to test the internal pollution scenario in which the Na- and Al-enhanced ejecta from intermediate mass stars is either accreted onto the surfaces of other stars, or goes toward forming new stars. In this paper we focus mainly on the nucleosynthetic yields of the AGB stars and discuss whether these stars are the source of the observed Na-O anticorrelation. Comparing our preliminary results with observational data suggests that the qualitative theory is not supported by this quantitative study.
description: To be published in: Nuclear Physics, Section A. 4 pages, 2 figures. Conference: "The Eighth International Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos", Canada, July 2004
The Sloan Lens ACS Survey. I. A Large Spectroscopically Selected Sample of Massive Early-Type Lens Galaxies
Creators: name: Bolton, Adam S.
name: Burles, Scott
name: Koopmans, Leon V. E.
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Moustakas, Leonidas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey is an efficient Hubble Space Telescope Snapshot imaging survey for new galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses. The targeted lens candidates are selected spectroscopically from within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database of galaxy spectra for having multiple nebular emission lines at a redshift significantly higher than that of the SDSS target galaxy. In this paper, we present a catalog of 19 newly discovered gravitational lenses, along with 9 other observed candidate systems that are either possible lenses, non-lenses, or non-detections. The survey efficiency is thus >=68%. We also present Gemini and Magellan IFU data for 9 of the SLACS targets, which further support the lensing interpretation. A new method for the effective subtraction of foreground galaxy images to reveal faint background features is presented. We show that the SLACS lens galaxies have colors and ellipticities typical of the spectroscopic parent sample from which they are drawn (SDSS luminous red galaxies and quiescent main-sample galaxies), but are somewhat brighter and more centrally concentrated. Several explanations for the latter bias are suggested. The SLACS survey provides the first statistically significant and homogeneously selected sample of bright early-type lens galaxies, furnishing a powerful probe of the structure of early-type galaxies within the half-light radius. The high confirmation rate of lenses in the SLACS survey suggests consideration of spectroscopic lens discovery as an explicit science goal of future spectroscopic galaxy surveys (abridged).
description: ApJ, in press. 20 pages, numerous figures, uses emulateapj. Replaced to include full-resolution spectro figures. Version with full-resolution imaging figures available at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~abolton/slacs1_hires.pdf (PDF) or at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~abolton/slacs1_hires.ps.gz (PS). Additional SLACS survey info at http://www.slacs.org
Economic Issues in Management of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds
Creators: name: Schmidt, Carmel P
name: Pannell, David J
name: Schmidt, Carmel P
name: Pannell, David J
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Herbicide-resistant annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) is having a dramatic impact on the management and profitability of continuous cropping systems of southern Australia. In many cases ryegrass populations have exhibited cross resistance. where development of resistance through repeated use of one herbicide also bestows resistance to other groups of herbicides not previously used. Hence use of the major groups of selective herbicides as the predominant means of weed control is often ruled out. In this paper we discuss the development of herbicide resistance in Lolium rigidum, its costs and implications for farm management. Where high levels of resistance have developed, weed control strategies that include a range of control methods (such as increased crop densities, windrowing and crop topping) give the optimal return.
Developed liquid film passing a trailing edge: small-scale analysis and the `teapot effect' at large Reynolds numbers
Creators: name: Scheichl, Bernhard
name: Bowles, Robert I.
name: Pasias, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76A20

description: Recently, the authors considered a thin steady developed viscous liquid wall jet passing the sharp trailing edge of a horizontally aligned flat plate under surface tension and the weak action of gravity acting vertically in the asymptotic slender-layer limit (J. Fluid Mech. 850, pp. 924--953, 2018). We revisit the capillarity-driven short-scale viscous--inviscid interaction, on account of the inherent upstream influence, immediately downstream of the edge and scrutinise flow detachment on all smaller scales. We adhere to the assumption of a Froude number so large that choking at the plate edge is insignificant but envisage the variation of the relevant Weber number of O(1). The aspect in the main focus, tackled essentially analytically, is the continuation of the structure of the flow towards scales much smaller then the interactive ones and where it no longer can be treated as slender. As a remarkable phenomenon, this analysis predicts harmonic capillary ripples of Rayleigh type, prevalent on the free surface upstream of the trailing edge. They exhibit an increase of both the wavelength and amplitude as the characteristic Weber number decreases. Finally, the theory clarifies the actual detachment process, unprecedented in the rational theories of flow separation. At this stage, the wetting properties of the fluid and the microscopically wedge-shaped edge, viewed as infinitely thin on the larger scales, come into play. As this geometry typically models the exit of a spout, the predicted wetting of the wedge is related to what in the literature is referred to as the so-called teapot effect.
description: 45 pages, 12 figures
The Cost of Australian Farm Injuries
Creators: name: Low, J.M.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Low, J.M.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: A telephone survey was conducted of 919 farms from three shires in the sheep/wheat belt of New South Wales. Data from the cohort study spanning 18 months measured the incidence and profile of farm work related injury, risk factors and the range of costs associated with injury occurrence. On average. 22.6 per cent of farm businesses reported one or more injuries per year, while 8.3 per cent reported one or more serious injuries per year. Seven categories of injury were identified as significant problem areas. These were manual handling, eye, motorcycle-related, sheep-related, cattle-related, tractor-related and horse-related injuries. The costs associated with injury occurrence that were measured included medical treatment, transport for treatment, replacement labour, damage to plant and production losses. The average cost of an injury was around $1000, while the average cost of a serious injury was around $2500. The maximum estimated cost exceeded $26,000 for one particular injury. Approximately half of the average costs were accounted for by medical treatment, and approximately one-third of the average costs were accounted for by onfarm production losses, replacement labour costs and repairs to damaged equipment.
Solving nonlinear differential equations with differentiable quantum circuits
Creators: name: Kyriienko, Oleksandr
name: Paine, Annie E.
name: Elfving, Vincent E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a quantum algorithm to solve systems of nonlinear differential equations. Using a quantum feature map encoding, we define functions as expectation values of parametrized quantum circuits. We use automatic differentiation to represent function derivatives in an analytical form as differentiable quantum circuits (DQCs), thus avoiding inaccurate finite difference procedures for calculating gradients. We describe a hybrid quantum-classical workflow where DQCs are trained to satisfy differential equations and specified boundary conditions. As a particular example setting, we show how this approach can implement a spectral method for solving differential equations in a high-dimensional feature space. From a technical perspective, we design a Chebyshev quantum feature map that offers a powerful basis set of fitting polynomials and possesses rich expressivity. We simulate the algorithm to solve an instance of Navier-Stokes equations, and compute density, temperature and velocity profiles for the fluid flow in a convergent-divergent nozzle.
description: updated, close to the published version
How Has The Domestic Wheat Market Changed Since Deregulation?
Creators: name: Wait, Marcus J.
name: Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.
name: Wait, Marcus J.
name: Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This article evaluates the impact of deregulation on wheat growers. marketers and buyers. An analysis of market structure focuses on the market prior to deregulation, the stimulus for change and the ways in which parts of the wheat marketing chain have developed since deregulation. The change in AWB pool deductions for storage, handling and transportation charges, and the consequent change in seasonal marketing margins since deregulation are explored. The main finding of this preliminary study is that deregulation has been associated with reductions in freight and handling charges as well as seasonal marketing margins. Factors other than deregulation appear to have contributed to the reduction in the marketing margin and would bear further investigation.
Magnetoresistance, specific heat and magnetocaloric effect of equiatomic rare-earth transition-metal magnesium compounds
Creators: name: Hartmann, H.
name: Berggold, K.
name: Jodlauk, S.
name: Klassen, I.
name: Kordonis, K.
name: Fickenscher, T.
name: Poettgen, R.
name: Freimuth, A.
name: Lorenz, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the magnetoresistance, the specific heat and the magnetocaloric effect of equiatomic $RET$Mg intermetallics with $RE = {\rm La}$, Eu, Gd, Yb and $T = {\rm Ag}$, Au and of GdAuIn. Depending on the composition these compounds are paramagnetic ($RE = {\rm La}$, Yb) or they order either ferro- or antiferromagnetically with transition temperatures ranging from about 13 to 81 K. All of them are metallic, but the resistivity varies over 3 orders of magnitude. The magnetic order causes a strong decrease of the resistivity and around the ordering temperature we find pronounced magnetoresistance effects. The magnetic ordering also leads to well-defined anomalies in the specific heat. An analysis of the entropy change leads to the conclusions that generally the magnetic transition can be described by an ordering of localized $S=7/2$ moments arising from the half-filled $4f^7$ shells of Eu$^{2+}$ or Gd$^{3+}$. However, for GdAgMg we find clear evidence for two phase transitions indicating that the magnetic ordering sets in partially below about 125 K and is completed via an almost first-order transition at 39 K. The magnetocaloric effect is weak for the antiferromagnets and rather pronounced for the ferromagnets for low magnetic fields around the zero-field Curie temperature.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures included
Emerging Issues in Risk Management in Farm Firms
Creators: name: Beal, Diana J.
name: Beal, Diana J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Farming is a high risk business because of the inherent variability of the natural environment in which it is placed and the markets in which its products are sold. Farmers have learned to cope with variability and have adopted management strategies which decrease risk to the farm firm. This paper examines the literature on emerging issues in risk management in agriculture and how farmers might react in the future. Attention is focused on managing changes in risk exposure due to climatic variability and market variability, and on management measures that protect the structure of the farm business.
One-loop radiative corrections to $e^+ e^-\to Zh^0/H^0A^0$ in the Inert Higgs Doublet Model
Creators: name: Abouabid, Hamza
name: Arhrib, Abdesslam
name: Benbrik, Rachid
name: Falaki, Jaouad El
name: Gong, Bin
name: Xie, Wenhai
name: Yan, Qi-Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the full one-loop radiative corrections (including both weak and QED corrections) for two processes $e^{+}e^{-}\to Z h^0,H^0 A^{0}$ in the Inert Higgs Doublet model (IHDM). Up to $O(α_{w})$ and $O(α_{em})$ order, we use FeynArts/FormCalc to compute the one-loop virtual corrections and Feynman Diagram Calculation (FDC) to evaluate the real emission, respectively. Being equipped with these computing tools, we investigate radiative corrections of new physics for both the degenerate and non-degenerate scenarios with three typical collision energies of future electron-positron colliders: 250 GeV, 500 GeV, and 1000GeV. By scanning the parameter space of IHDM, we identify the allowed regions which are consistent with constraints and bounds, from both theoretical and experimental sides. We find that the radiative corrections of the IHDM to $e^+ e^- \to Z h^0$ can be sizeable and are within the detection potentials of future Higgs factories. We also find that the new physics of IHDM could also be directly detected by observing the process $e^{+}e^{-}\to H^0 A^{0} $ which could have large enough production rate. We propose five benchmark points and examine their salient features which can serve as physics targets for future electron-positron colliders, such as CEPC/CLIC/FCC-ee/ILC as well as for LHC.
description: 43 pages, 17 figures, minor changes
Impacts of Climatic Variability in Australian Agriculture: A Review
Creators: name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Anderson, Jock R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: A framework is sketched for exploring the pervasive impacts of variations in climate on the uncertainties and instabilities of the Australian rural sector. Low rainfall is identified as the dominating climatic variable. Effects of climatic variation are investigated and measured at farm, regional, industrial, sectoral and national levels. Where possible, sensitivities to climate are measured by elasticities of production with respect to rainfall indexes. Some consequences of possible climatic change are discussed.
Mayrocaris Polz 1994
Creators: name: Laville, Thomas
name: Forel, Marie-Béatrice
name: Charbonnier, Sylvain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Dollocarididae
Mayrocaris

description: Genus Mayrocaris Polz, 1994
Type species
Mayrocaris bucculata Polz, 1994 by monotypy.
Original diagnosis (literal translation from Polz 1994)
Carapace subtrapezoid, without a clearly delineated optic notch, however, with a pronounced subquadratic notch; ventral line from here slopping down at 45° angle, almost equally ascending from the middle of the carapace, forming, together with the lowest part of the anterior margin, a characteristic U-shaped bulge; hinge line on the whole slightly convex, terminating in a pointed spine; rostrum inconspicuous; carapace surface roughly sculptured only by a short horizontal, very delicate ridge, and by eight small bases of spines, micro-relief in the form of single, very small arched lines on an ultrafine faveolated surface; anterior lobes larger than in comparable genera, protruding from the carapace not only anteriorly, but even projecting over its antero-ventral section; abdomen segmented. Kind of large appendages not clausocarid, course of anterior carapace margin conchyliocarid.
Emended diagnosis
Thylacocephala with a slightly developed optic notch, a serrate dorsal margin consisting of a carina, a rounded postero-dorsal spine, a posterior notch, and an anterior part of the ventral margin oriented antero-dorsally and bearing a square notch.
description: Published as part of Laville, Thomas, Forel, Marie-Béatrice & Charbonnier, Sylvain, 2023, Re-appraisal of thylacocephalans (Euarthropoda, Thylacocephala) from the Jurassic La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte, pp. 1-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 898 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.898.2295, http://zenodo.org/record/8413500
Critical behavior of charged AdS black holes surrounded by quintessence via an alternative phase space
Creators: name: Hendi, S. H.
name: Jafarzade, Kh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering the variable cosmological constant in the extended phase space has a significant background in the black hole physics. It was shown that the thermodynamic behavior of charged AdS black hole surrounded by the quintessence in the extended phase space is similar to the van der Waals fluid. In this paper, we indicate that such a black hole admits the same criticality and van der Waals like behavior in the non-extended phase space. In other words, we keep the cosmological constant as a fixed parameter, and instead, we consider the normalization factor as a thermodynamic variable. We show that there is a first-order small/large black hole phase transition which is analogous to the liquid/gas phase transition in fluids. We introduce a new picture of the equation of state and then we calculate the corresponding critical quantities. Moreover, we obtain the critical exponents and show that they are the same values as the van der Waals system. Finally, we study the photon sphere and the shadow observed by a distant observer and investigate how the shadow radius may be affected by the variation of black hole parameters. We also investigate the relations between shadow radius and phase transitions and calculate the critical shadow radius where the black hole undergoes a second-order phase transition.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures
High Fidelity Single Qubit Operations using Pulsed EPR
Creators: name: Morton, John J. L.
name: Tyryshkin, Alexei M.
name: Ardavan, Arzhang
name: Porfyrakis, Kyriakos
name: Lyon, S. A.
name: Briggs, G. Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systematic errors in spin rotation operations using simple RF pulses place severe limitations on the usefulness of the pulsed magnetic resonance methods in quantum computing applications. In particular, the fidelity of quantum logic operations performed on electron spin qubits falls well below the threshold for the application of quantum algorithms. Using three independent techniques, we demonstrate the use of composite pulses to improve this fidelity by several orders of magnitude. The observed high-fidelity operations are limited by pulse phase errors, but nevertheless fall within the limits required for the application of quantum error correction.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Spacetime Quantum Actions
Creators: name: Diaz, N. L.
name: Matera, J. M.
name: Rossignoli, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a formulation of quantum mechanics in an extended Fock space in which a tensor product structure is applied to time. Subspaces of histories consistent with the dynamics of a particular theory are defined by a direct quantum generalization of the corresponding classical action. The diagonalization of such quantum actions enables us to recover the predictions of conventional quantum mechanics and reveals an extended unitary equivalence between all physical theories. Quantum correlations and coherent effects across time and between distinct theories acquire a rigorous meaning, which is encoded in the rich temporal structure of physical states. Connections with modern relativistic schemes and the path integral formulation also emerge.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Rural Poverty: Policy Options
Creators: name: Musgrave, Warren F.
name: Musgrave, Warren F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Food Security and Poverty

description: Discussion of rural poverty has tended to emphasise farm poverty at the expense of rural urban poverty. There are serious problems in measuring the former but the evidence suggests that there is a sizeable group of chronically poor farm people. Only the Rural Adjustment Scheme appears to have components specifically geared to poor farmers and it, together with some possible innovations, is discussed. The nature and extent of rural urban poverty and its comparative neglect is described and some policy initiatives, revolving mainly round existing institutions and services are presented.
The Identification and Measurement of Factors in the Adjustment of New South Wales Farmers to Non-Farm Occupations
Creators: name: Paul, Phillip B.
name: Paul, Phillip B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: To date, there have been a paucity of studies in Australia which have studied the adjustment of farmers to non-farm situations. A number of relevant overseas studies have been far from complete in that they have failed to identify adequately both the factors contributing to the success or failure of the adjustment process and the type of farmer who is most likely to be most adaptable to the change. This paper attempts to shed some light in this area by identifying significant factors in the adjustment process. It then attempts to discover the type of migrant who is most likely to be adaptable to the re-adjustment process by investigating the relationship between the characteristics of the former farmers and their farm situation prior to migration and their post-migration adjustment experience.
One-Dimensional Impenetrable Anyons in Thermal Equilibrium. I. Anyonic Generalization of Lenard's Formula
Creators: name: Patu, Ovidiu I.
name: Korepin, Vladimir E.
name: Averin, Dmitri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained an expansion of the reduced density matrices (or, equivalently, correlation functions of the fields) of impenetrable one-dimensional anyons in terms of the reduced density matrices of fermions using the mapping between anyon and fermion wavefunctions. This is the generalization to anyonic statistics of the result obtained by A. Lenard for bosons. In the case of impenetrable but otherwise free anyons with statistical parameter $κ$, the anyonic reduced density matrices in the grand canonical ensemble is expressed as Fredholm minors of the integral operator ($1-γ\hat θ_T$) with complex statistics-dependent coefficient $γ=(1+e^{\pm iπκ})/ π$. For $κ=0$ we recover the bosonic case of Lenard $γ=2/π$. Due to nonconservation of parity, the anyonic field correlators $\la \fad(x')\fa(x)\ra$ are different depending on the sign of $x'-x$.
description: 13 pages, RevTeX 4
Ground-state cooling of mechanical resonators by quantum reservoir engineering
Creators: name: Naseem, M. Tahir
name: Müstecaplıoğlu, Özgür E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to cool down a mechanical resonator to its quantum ground-state, which is interacting with a working fluid via an optomechanical-like coupling. As opposed to standard laser cooling schemes where coherence renders the motion of a resonator to its ground-state, we consider an incoherent thermal source to achieve the same aim. We show that simultaneous cooling of two degenerate or near-degenerate mechanical resonators is possible, which is otherwise a challenging goal to achieve. The generalization of this method to the simultaneous cooling of multiple resonators is straightforward. Spectral filtering of the coupling between the cooling agent and the baths is a key to realize cooling in our scheme. The underlying physical mechanism of cooling is explained by investigating a direct connection between the laser sideband cooling and cooling by heating in a standard optomechanical setting. Our advantageous scheme of cooling enabled by quantum reservoir engineering can be realized in various setups, employing parametric coupling of a cooling agent with the target systems. We also discuss using non-thermal baths to simulate ultra-high temperature thermal baths for cooling.
description: Added two new sections
Searching for Monomeric Nickel Tetrafluoride: Unravelling Infrared Matrix Isolation Spectra of Higher Nickel Fluorides
Creators: name: Li, Lin
name: Sakr, Ahmed K.
name: Schlöder, Tobias
name: Klein, Siri
name: Beckers, Helmut
name: Kitsaras, Marios-Petros
name: Snelling, Howard V.
name: Young, Nigel A.
name: Andrae, Dirk
name: Riedel, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: IR spectroscopy
subject: matrix isolation
subject: nickel fluorides
subject: tetrafluoride
subject: trifluoride
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Binary transition metal fluorides are textbook examples combining complex electronic features with most fundamental molecular structures. High‐valent nickel fluorides are among the strongest known fluorinating and oxidizing agents, but there is a lack of experimental structural and spectroscopic investigations on molecular NiF3 or NiF4. Apart from their demanding synthesis, also their quantum‐chemical description is difficult due to their open shell nature and low‐lying excited electronic states. Distorted tetrahedral NiF4 (D2d) and trigonal planar NiF3 (D3h) molecules were produced by thermal evaporation and laser ablation of nickel atoms in a fluorine/noble gas mixture and spectroscopically identified by a joint matrix‐isolation and quantum‐chemical study. Their vibrational band positions provide detailed insights into their molecular structures.
Coupling nonpolar and polar solvation free energies in implicit solvent models
Creators: name: Dzubiella, J.
name: Swanson, J. M. J.
name: McCammon, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies on the solvation of atomistic and nanoscale solutes indicate that a strong coupling exists between the hydrophobic, dispersion, and electrostatic contributions to the solvation free energy, a facet not considered in current implicit solvent models. We suggest a theoretical formalism which accounts for coupling by minimizing the Gibbs free energy of the solvent with respect to a solvent volume exclusion function. The resulting differential equation is similar to the Laplace-Young equation for the geometrical description of capillary interfaces, but is extended to microscopic scales by explicitly considering curvature corrections as well as dispersion and electrostatic contributions. Unlike existing implicit solvent approaches, the solvent accessible surface is an output of our model. The presented formalism is illustrated on spherically or cylindrically symmetrical systems of neutral or charged solutes on different length scales. The results are in agreement with computer simulations and, most importantly, demonstrate that our method captures the strong sensitivity of solvent expulsion and dewetting to the particular form of the solvent-solute interactions.
description: accpted in J. Chem. Phys
A comprehensive view of trust in education: Conclusions from a systematic literature review
Creators: name: Niedlich, Sebastian
name: Kallfaß, Annika
name: Pohle, Silvana
name: Bormann, Inka
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: cycles of trust
subject: education
subject: educational attainment
subject: educational governance
subject: educational settings
subject: generalised trust
subject: multi‐level education system
subject: systematic literature review
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: Trust is considered to be a crucial element of social cohesion. At the same time, as research has shown, education can be understood as an important precondition of trust. Furthermore, contextual conditions are important for the development of trust. In spite of this, the role of trust in the multi‐level education system has been scarcely investigated. This paper introduces a comprehensive model of trust in the education system, based on a systematic literature review of 183 recent peer‐reviewed articles following a thematic and interpretive review approach. The suggested model consists of four interconnected elements (generalised trust, educational governance, educational settings, educational attainment). By introducing a comprehensive model of trust in multi‐level education systems the paper aims at opening up perspectives for future theoretically driven, interdisciplinary comparative research that may shed further light on the role of trust in education systems. The paper proceeds as follows. First, trust is discussed as a complex subject in research, policy and practice in multi‐level education systems, and key research questions are derived from this. Second, the methodology of the systematic literature review is explained. Third, results from the literature review are presented, focusing on three domains of trust and their interrelations. Fourth, the comprehensive model of trust in multi‐level education systems is introduced. The fifth section discusses the findings and explores how future research could advance a comprehensive understanding of trust in education.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS, COMMODITY MIX, AND RESEARCH RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Creators: name: Abel, Martin E.
name: Welsch, Delane E.
name: Abel, Martin E.
name: Welsch, Delane E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The purpose of this paper is to show how the allocation of research resources among commodities and the effects of such allocations on the output mix depend upon (a) the initial production conditions, (b) the nature of the research production functions, (c) the nature of the demand relations for the commodity outputs, (d) relative factor endowments, and (e) the existence of different types of environmental constraints. The basic model used is a two-factor, two-product model in which certain types of technical change are introduced.
Relative humidity predominantly determines long‐term biocrust‐forming lichen cover in drylands under climate change
Creators: name: Baldauf, Selina
name: Porada, Philipp
name: Raggio, José
name: Maestre, Fernando T.
name: Tietjen, Britta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: biological soil crusts
subject: climate change
subject: dew
subject: Diploschistes diacapsis
subject: drylands
subject: simulation model
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::577 Ökologie

description: 1. Manipulative experiments typically show a decrease in dryland biocrust cover and altered species composition under climate change. Biocrust-forming lichens, such as the globally distributed Diploschistes diacapsis, are particularly affected and show a decrease in cover with simulated climate change. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, and long-term interacting effects of different drivers are largely unknown due to the short-term nature of the experimental studies conducted so far. 2. We addressed this gap and successfully parameterised a process-based model for D. diacapsis to quantify how changing atmospheric CO2, temperature, rainfall amount and relative humidity affect its photosynthetic activity and cover. We also mimicked a long-term manipulative climate change experiment to understand the mechanisms underlying observed patterns in the field. 3. The model reproduced observed experimental findings: warming reduced lichen cover, whereas less rainfall had no effect on lichen performance. This warming effect was caused by the associated decrease in relative humidity and nonrainfall water inputs, which are major water sources for biocrust-forming lichens. Warming alone, however, increased cover because higher temperatures promoted photosynthesis during early morning hours with high lichen activity. When combined, climate variables showed non-additive effects on lichen cover, and effects of increased CO2 levelled off with decreasing levels of relative humidity. 4. Synthesis. Our results show that a decrease in relative humidity, rather than an increase in temperature, may be the key factor for the survival of the lichen D. diacapsis under climate change and t hat effects of increased CO2 levels might be offset by a reduction in non-rainfall water inputs in the future. Because of a global trend towards warmer and drier air and the widespread global distribution of D. diacapsis, this will affect lichen-dominated dryland biocrust communities and their role in regulating ecosystem functions worldwide.
Schneider, Hans: Der Konziliarismus als Problem der neueren katholischen Theologie
Creators: name: Küppers, Werner
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 26 Nr. 3 (1977): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 26, Heft 3
Uncovering turbulent plasma dynamics via deep learning from partial observations
Creators: name: Mathews, Abhilash
name: Francisquez, Manaure
name: Hughes, Jerry
name: Hatch, David
name: Zhu, Ben
name: Rogers, Barrett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most intensely studied aspects of magnetic confinement fusion is edge plasma turbulence which is critical to reactor performance and operation. Drift-reduced Braginskii two-fluid theory has for decades been widely applied to model boundary plasmas with varying success. Towards better understanding edge turbulence in both theory and experiment, we demonstrate that physics-informed neural networks constrained by partial differential equations can accurately learn turbulent fields consistent with the two-fluid theory from just partial observations of a synthetic plasma's electron density and temperature in contrast with conventional equilibrium models. These techniques present a novel paradigm for the advanced design of plasma diagnostics and validation of magnetized plasma turbulence theories in challenging thermonuclear environments.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Matrix realizations of exceptional superconformal algebras
Creators: name: Poletaeva, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B65, 17B66, 81R10

description: We give a general construction of realizations of the contact superconformal algebras $K(2)$ and $\hat{K}'(4)$, and the exceptional superconformal algebra $CK_6$ as subsuperalgebras of matrices over a Weyl algebra of size $2^N\times 2^N$, where $N = 1, 2$ and $3$. We show that there is no such a realization for $K(2N)$, if $N\geq 4$.
description: 17 pages, LaTeX, to be published in the Journal of Geometry and Physics
Dynamic musculoskeletal biomechanics in the human jaw
Creators: name: Peck, Christopher Charles
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The high prevalence of functional disorders in the human jaw emphasises the need to understand better its dynamic behaviour. In the present studies, dynamic mathematical models based on typical physical properties of the human jaw and skeletal muscles have been developed. In the first three studies, a model of the entire jaw was created and utilised to predict jaw elasticity and viscosity, and to simulate muscle-driven symmetrical and asvmmetrical jaw movements. Specifically these models were constructed without "ligaments" (temporomandibular capsule or other accessory jaw ligaments) to determine whether or not plausible motion could be simulated in their absence. In the fourth study, a specific model of the temporomandibular ligament and outer wall of the TMJ capsule was created to investigate further these passive structures' perceived role in constraining jaw movement. Variations in their structure have been implicated in jaw hypermobility and joint disorders. In the fifth study, a specific model of the masseter muscle was developed and consisted of six contiguous muscle compartments in which muscle fibre orientations and lengths differed. The functional implications of this complex internal structure was investigated when the model was stretched in opening and lateral jaw movements. In the first three studies, the jaw models required low elasticity and heavy damping to match in vivo conditions, and consequently low levels of muscle activity (tone) were needed to maintain a clinical jaw rest position. In the absence of "ligamentous" constraints about the jaw, plausible symmetric, and asymmetric movements were possible. In study four, putative capsular regions about the TMJ were suggested to remain taut throughout an entire ipsilateral jaw movement, however for contralateral, opening and protrusive jaw movements, the capsule remained slack during the middle third of the movement. In study five, although theoretically capable of generating high passive tensions, the masseter muscle model generated low overall passive tension to stretch. Dynamic modelling suggests hypothetical relationships between the jaw's structural and functional variables. Jaw muscle coactivation generates varied movements, and together with passive tensions affords a degree of jaw stability. Muscle and "ligaments" probably cooperate to constrain jaw movement, although muscle appears predominant in the midrange of jaw movements. The internal structure of the masseter muscle may allow maximum movement with minimum passive tension generation.
Supplemental Material for Keenan et al., 2021
Creators: name: Keenan, Brendan T.
name: Webster, Jeanette C.
name: Wiemken, Andrew S.
name: Lavi-Romer, Nir
name: Nguyen, Teresa
name: Svenson, Karen L.
name: Galante, Raymond J.
name: Churchill, Gary A.
name: Pickup, Stephen
name: Pack, Allan I.
name: Schwab, Richard J.
Publisher: name: GSA Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60412 Quantitative Genetics (incl. Disease and Trait Mapping Genetics)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplemental materials for manuscript entitled Heritability of Fat Distributions in Male Mice from the Founder Strains of the Diversity Outbred Mouse Population by Keenan et al. Online Supplement includes additional details not presented in the main text of the manuscript. Phenotype data on individual animals utilized in these analyses has been made available in Supplemental File 1. Detailed results, including strain-specific descriptive statistics, overall and pairwise comparisons, and heritability of observed and transformed outcomes are presented in Supplemental File 2 for analyses in all strains and in Supplemental File 3 after excluding the NZO/HILtJ strain.
Spectral Indications of Density Variability in the Corona of AD Leonis
Creators: name: Maggio, A.
name: Ness, J. -U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct comparison of high-resolution X-ray spectra of the active dMe star AD Leo, observed three times with Chandra, shows variability of key density-sensitive lines, possibly due to flaring activity. In particular, a significant long-duration enhancement of the coronal density is indicated by the Ne IX and Si XIII He-like triplets, and possibly also by density-sensitive Fe XXI line ratios.
description: To be published in ApJ Letters