cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
EPGAT: Gene Essentiality Prediction With Graph Attention Networks
Creators: name: Schapke, João
name: Tavares, Anderson
name: Recamonde-Mendoza, Mariana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The identification of essential genes/proteins is a critical step towards a better understanding of human biology and pathology. Computational approaches helped to mitigate experimental constraints by exploring machine learning (ML) methods and the correlation of essentiality with biological information, especially protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, to predict essential genes. Nonetheless, their performance is still limited, as network-based centralities are not exclusive proxies of essentiality, and traditional ML methods are unable to learn from non-Euclidean domains such as graphs. Given these limitations, we proposed EPGAT, an approach for essentiality prediction based on Graph Attention Networks (GATs), which are attention-based Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) that operate on graph-structured data. Our model directly learns patterns of gene essentiality from PPI networks, integrating additional evidence from multiomics data encoded as node attributes. We benchmarked EPGAT for four organisms, including humans, accurately predicting gene essentiality with AUC score ranging from 0.78 to 0.97. Our model significantly outperformed network-based and shallow ML-based methods and achieved a very competitive performance against the state-of-the-art node2vec embedding method. Notably, EPGAT was the most robust approach in scenarios with limited and imbalanced training data. Thus, the proposed approach offers a powerful and effective way to identify essential genes and proteins.
description: Published in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
RSFQ devices with selective dissipation for quantum information processing
Creators: name: Hassel, J.
name: Seppa, H.
name: Helisto, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility to use frequency dependent damping in RSFQ circuits as means to reduce dissipation and consequent decoherence in RSFQ/qubit circuits. We show that stable RSFQ operation can be achieved by shunting the Josephson junctions with an $RC$ circuit instead of a plain resistor. We derive criteria for the stability of such an arrangement, and discuss the effect on decoherence and the optimisation issues. We also design a simple flux generator aimed at manipulating flux qubits.
Coleman meets Schwinger
Creators: name: Cornalba, Lorenzo
name: Costa, Miguel S.
name: Penedones, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that spherical D-branes are nucleated in the presence of an external RR electric field. Using the description of D-branes as solitons of the tachyon field on non-BPS D-branes, we show that the brane nucleation process can be seen as the decay of the tachyon false vacuum. This process can describe the decay of flux-branes in string theory or the decay of quintessence potentials arising in flux compactifications.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
WHO ARE PROPONENTS AND OPPONENTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS IN THE UNITED STATES?
Creators: name: Ganiere, Pierre
name: Chern, Wen S.
name: Hahn, David E.
name: Ganiere, Pierre
name: Chern, Wen S.
name: Hahn, David E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: A national telephone survey was conducted in the U.S. in April 2002 to assess the consumer acceptance of genetically modified (GM) foods. Attitudes towards GM foods were studied through the use of a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) method, analyzing the interrelationships among many variables. This method was combined with a cluster analysis to construct a typology of consumers' attitudes. Four distinct behaviors were finally extracted - proponents, non-opponents, moderate opponents and extreme opponents. We estimated that only 35% of the surveyed population was opposed to GM foods. The consumer attitude towards GM foods was found more complex than the usual acceptance / rejection responses; consumers are looking for incentives and GM proponents are likely to choose the non-GM alternative if no benefit is perceived.
title: AI3SD Video: Linked Data - Examples and Heuristics
Creators: name: Nurmikko-Fuller, Terhi
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: AI3SD Event, Data Quality, Data Science, Data Sharing, Datasets, Digitisation, Ontologies, RDF, Reproducible Research, Research, Research Data Management, Responsible Research, Semantic Web, Semantics, Training

description: With their inherent flexibility and robustness to change, the decentralised interconnected knowledge graphs that lie at the heart of semantic web technologies are ideally suited for the challenges of converting the messy, often incomplete, and internally heterogeneous datasets of the Humanities into machine processable data. Although a matter of some debate, the reuse and adoption of known ontologies, schema, and taxonomies across disparate projects across the Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences landscape has been steadily increasing over the last decade in particular. This talk will describe the practical approaches and heuristics of such Linked Data projects, commenting on the effect of political, institutional, and socio-cultural factors in their planning, implementation, and evaluation.
J1615+5452: a remnant radio galaxy in the ELAIS-N1 field
Creators: name: Randriamanakoto, Z.
name: Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
name: Taylor, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a remnant radio AGN J1615+5452 in the field of ELAIS-N1. GMRT continuum observations at 150, 325 and 610 MHz combined with archival data from the 1.4 GHz NVSS survey were used to derive the radio spectrum of the source. At a redshift $z \sim$ 0.33, J1615+5452 has a linear size of $\sim$ 100 kpc and spectral indices ranging between $α^{1400}_{610} < -1.5$ and $α^{325}_{150} = -0.61 \pm 0.12$. While the source has a diffuse radio emission at low frequencies, we do not find evidence of core, jets or hotspots in the 1.4\,GHz VLA data of $\sim 5$ arcsec angular resolution. Such morphological properties coupled with a curved radio spectrum suggest that the AGN fueling mechanisms undergo a shortage of energy supply which is typical of a dying radio AGN. This is consistent with the observed steep curvature in the spectrum $Δα\approx -1$, the estimated synchrotron age of $t_{\rm s}=76.0^{+7.4}_{-8.7}$ Myr and a $t_{\rm off}/t_{\rm s}$ ratio of $\sim 0.3$.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
THE OPPORTUNITY COST OF FOOD SAFETY REGULATION - AN OUTPUT DIRECTIONAL DISTANCE FUNCTION APPROACH
Creators: name: Cho, Bo-Hyun
name: Hooker, Neal H.
name: Cho, Bo-Hyun
name: Hooker, Neal H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper provides a novel methodology to measure the impact of food safety regulation. An output directional distance function approach is applied to estimate the opportunity cost of food safety regulation and the shadow price of food risk. Such measures should be included as part of the overall cost of compliance for a more precise comparison of the benefits and costs of food safety regulation. Further, comparing the implicit shadow price of food risk and willingness to pay for food safety can bridge the gap of understanding how valuable safer foods are from the perspective of two different market participants - consumers and firms respectively.
Steps towards a solution of the FS Aurigae puzzle. I. Multicolour high-speed photometry with ULTRACAM
Creators: name: Neustroev, V. V.
name: Zharikov, S. V.
name: Tovmassian, G. H.
name: Shearer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of high-speed photometric observations of FS Aur taken with the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope and the high-speed camera ULTRACAM in late 2003. These observations were intended to determine whether there was any evidence of photometric variability with a period in the range 50-100 seconds. The discovery of such variations would help to explain existence, in FS Aur, of the very coherent photometric period of 205.5 min that exceeds the spectroscopic period by 2.4 times. Such a discrepancy in the photometric and spectroscopic periods is an unusual for a low mass binary system that is unambiguously identified as a Cataclysmic Variable. Using various methods, including wavelet-analysis, we found that with exception of the 205.5-minute periodicity, the main characteristic of variability of FS Aur is usual flickering and Quasi-Periodic Oscillations. However, we detected variability with a period of ~101 and/or ~105 sec, seen for a short time every half of the orbital period. These oscillations may be associated with the spin period of the white dwarf, not ruling out the possibility that we are observing a precessing rapidly rotating white dwarf in FS Aur.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures (21 eps files). Accepted for publication in MNRAS. The paper with high resolution images can be downloaded from http://urania.it.nuigalway.ie/papers/fs_ultracam.pdf
Rural Finance: Recent Advances and Emerging Lessons, Debates, and Opportunities
Creators: name: Nagarajan, Geetha
name: Meyer, Richard L.
name: Nagarajan, Geetha
name: Meyer, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Twelve key themes covering institutions, products, services, processes and enabling environment are studied in this literature review of rural finance in developing countries. Advances made and emerging lessons are examined for these themes, and the challenges and remaining gaps in knowledge that limit the expansion of the rural finance frontier are identified.
Where is the Western Part of the Galactic Center Lobe Located really?
Creators: name: Tsuboi, Masato
name: Tsutsumi, Takahiro
name: Kitamura, Yoshimi
name: Miyawaki, Ryosuke
name: Miyazaki, Atsushi
name: Miyoshi, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic Center Lobe (GCL) is a peculiar object widely protruding from the Galactic plane toward the positive Galactic latitude, which had been found toward the Galactic Center (GC) in the early days of the radio observation. The peculiar shape has suggested any relation with historical events, star burst, large explosion and so on in the GC. However, the issue whether the GCL is a single large structure located in the GC region is not yet settled conclusively. In the previous observations, the silhouette against the low frequency emission was found in the western part of the GCL (WPGCL), This suggests that the part is located in front of the GC region. On the other hand, the LSR velocity of the radio recombination line toward it was found to be as low as 0 kms$^{-1}$. However, these observations cannot determine the exact position on the line-of-sight. There is still another possibility that it is in the near side area of the GC region. In this analysis, we compare these results with the visual extinction map toward the GC. We found that the distribution of the visual extinction larger than 4 mag. clearly corresponds to the silhouette of the WPGCL. The WPGCL must be located at most within a few kpc from us and not in the GC region. This would be a giant HII region in the Galactic disk.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in PASJ
Second gradient electromagnetostatics: electric point charge, electrostatic and magnetostatic dipoles
Creators: name: Lazar, Markus
name: Leck, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the theory of second gradient electromagnetostatics as the static version of second gradient electrodynamics. The theory of second gradient electrodynamics is a linear generalization of higher order of classical Maxwell electrodynamics whose Lagrangian is both Lorentz and U(1)-gauge invariant. Second gradient electromagnetostatics is a gradient field theory with up to second-order derivatives of the electromagnetic field strengths in the Lagrangian. Moreover, it possesses a weak nonlocality in space and gives a regularization based on higher-order partial differential equations. From the group theoretical point of view, in second gradient electromagnetostatics the (isotropic) constitutive relations involve an invariant scalar differential operator of fourth order in addition to scalar constitutive parameters. We investigate the classical static problems of an electric point charge, and electric and magnetic dipoles in the framework of second gradient electromagnetostatics, and we show that all the electromagnetic fields (potential, field strength, interaction energy, interaction force) are singularity-free unlike the corresponding solutions in the classical Maxwell electromagnetism as well as in the Bopp-Podolsky theory. The theory of second gradient electromagnetostatics delivers a singularity-free electromagnetic field theory with weak spatial nonlocality.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures
Split-2 Bisimilarity has a Finite Axiomatization over CCS with
 Hennessy's Merge
Creators: name: Aceto, Luca
name: Fokkink, Wan
name: Ingolfsdottir, Anna
name: Luttik, Bas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.1; F.1.1; F.1.2; F.3.2; F.3.4; F.4.1

description: This note shows that split-2 bisimulation equivalence (also known as timed equivalence) affords a finite equational axiomatization over the process algebra obtained by adding an auxiliary operation proposed by Hennessy in 1981 to the recursion, relabelling and restriction free fragment of Milner's Calculus of Communicating Systems. Thus the addition of a single binary operation, viz. Hennessy's merge, is sufficient for the finite equational axiomatization of parallel composition modulo this non-interleaving equivalence. This result is in sharp contrast to a theorem previously obtained by the same authors to the effect that the same language is not finitely based modulo bisimulation equivalence.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ALTERNATIVE INCENTIVE SCHEMES WITH HETEROGENEOUS AGENTS
Creators: name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Sporleder, Thomas L.
name: Nazaryan, Natalie
name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Sporleder, Thomas L.
name: Nazaryan, Natalie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Experimental economics is used to compare tournaments (T) and fixed performance contracts (F) when agents have heterogeneous costs. Results suggest that: (1) There is no difference in average pooled effort across contracts, (2) high ability agents exert higher effort than low ability agents under both types of contracts, (3) average pooled earnings are affected by contract type, (4) high ability agents benefit from T whereas low ability agents are harmed by T, and (5) the difference in average pay between high and low ability agents is larger under T. Thus, T implement greater inequality.
Recollapsing Bianchi I brane worlds
Creators: name: Toporensky, A. V.
name: Tretyakov, P. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility for a flat Bianchi I brane Universe to recollaps due to the presence of a negative "dark radiation" and an anisotropic stress in the form of a homogeneous magnetic field, localized on the brane.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Gravitation and Cosmology
title: AI3SD Video: Love notes to the future: the importance of metadata
Creators: name: Stark, Isobel
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: AI3SD Event, Data Quality, Data Science, Data Sharing, Reproducible Research, Research, Research Data Management, Responsible Research, Training

description: Isobel's talk was focused on the importance of good research data management and how this can pay off in the future. This talk discussed four main aspects of data management: The data management plan, data storage, finding your data and sharing your data. Good data management is really important. Ultimately, managing your data well will save you time and effort in the future, making it easier to find, use, and distribute to others later on. A core part of data management is the data management plan, which should set out the full plan for what data is going to be gathered, how it is going to be catalogued and in what formats it is going to be stored in (paper/electronic/physical data).
Non-Standard Primordial Clocks from Dynamical Mass in Alternative to Inflation Scenarios
Creators: name: Wang, Yi
name: Wang, Zun
name: Zhu, Yuhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the primordial universe, oscillations of heavy fields can be considered as standard clocks to measure the expansion or contraction history of the universe. Those standard clocks provide a model-independent way of distinguishing inflation and alternative scenarios. However, the mass of the heavy fields may not be a constant mass, but rather mass dynamically generated by non-minimal coupling to the Ricci scalar, or self-interactions. In the case of dynamically generated mass, the mass of the heavy field is generically of order Hubble, and thus is time-dependent in alternative to inflation scenarios. We show that such dynamically generated mass terms can be considered as non-standard primordial clocks for alternative to inflation, providing similar oscillatory frequencies as standard clocks of inflation. Additional information on scale dependence can distinguish such non-standard clocks from standard clocks.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures and 44 references
An Overview of U.S. Farm Real Estate Markets
Creators: name: Forster, D. Lynn
name: Forster, D. Lynn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This paper offers an overview of U.S. farm real estate markets. Major uses of land, location of farm real estate, and ownership patterns are summarized. Characteristics of participants in farm real markets are reviewed. Farm real estate values and rents examined, and factors affecting farm real estate values are reviewed, including the effects of conversion of farm real estate to other uses. Finally, historic returns to farmland owners are summarized.
3D Numerical Experimentation on the Core Helium Flash of low-mass Red Giants
Creators: name: Dearborn, David S. P.
name: Lattanzio, John C.
name: Eggleton, Peter P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the core helium flash in a low-mass red giant using Djehuty, a fully three-dimensional (3D) code. The 3D structures were generated from converged models obtained during the 1D evolutionary calculation of a 1$\Msun$ star. Independently of which starting point we adopted, we found that after some transient relaxation the 3D model settled down with a briskly convecting He-burning shell that was not very different from what the 1D model predicted.
description: 32 pages, 13 figures, accepted by ApJ. Figures reduced from high-res eps to low-res gif for rapid download. Contact Lattanzio for a copy of the higher res images (included, inplace, in the manuscript)
Transport of Charge and Spin in the Weak Link between Misoriented $PrOs_4Sb_{12}$ Superconductors
Creators: name: Rashedi, G.
name: Kolesnichenko, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the ``$(p+h)-$wave'' form of pairing symmetry has been proposed for the superconductivity in $PrOs_{4}Sb_{12}$ compound [Parker D, Maki K and Haas S, \textbf{cond-mat/0407254}]. In the present paper, a stationary Josephson junction as a weak-link between $PrOs_{4}Sb_{12}$ triplet superconductors is theoretically investigated. The quasiclassical Eilenberger equations are analytically solved. The spin and charge current-phase diagrams are plotted and the effect of misorientation between crystals on the spin current, and spontaneous and Josephson currents is studied. It is found that such experimental investigations of the current-phase diagrams can be used to test the pairing symmetry in the above-mentioned superconductors. It is shown that this apparatus can be applied as a polarizer for the spin current.
description: 12 pages and 14 figures
IMPACT OF CFTA/NAFTA ON U.S. AND CANADIAN AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Tweeten, Luther G.
name: Sharples, Jerry A.
name: Evers-Smith, Linda
name: Tweeten, Luther G.
name: Sharples, Jerry A.
name: Evers-Smith, Linda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: CFTA/NAFTA is estimated annually to add $1,430 million of U.S. agricultural exports to Canada and $1,884 million of Canadian agricultural exports to the United States. Thus CFTA/NAFTA contributed an estimated 25 percent of the $5.8 billion of U.S. agricultural exports to Canada in 1995. Classical welfare analysis was used to estimate the implications of free trade in the dairy, poultry, sugar, and other industries that continue to be protected. In aggregate, consumers benefit from liberalization by nearly $1 billion per year in each country. Losses to Canadian producers are absolutely and relatively greater than to U.S. producers. Overall deadweight gains are positive to each country. The annual combined two-country addition to national income ($292 million) totals a present value of $5.8 billion when discounted in perpetuity at a 5 percent rate.
Quantization of conductivity of nanotechnological point contact. Simple derivation of the Landauer formula
Creators: name: Mishonov, T. M.
name: Stoev, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple methodical derivation for Landauer quantization of the conductivity is derived as a simple consequence of the Bohr quantization laws. The level of explanation corresponds to high-school level of Physics education and can be used as popular lecture for students. The purpose of the work is to introduce students in an achievement of nano-technology which is relevant to the future electronics. Using only the fundamental laws of quantization students can understand a contemporary experimental research and to follow future development in the field.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, PACS: 01.40.Fk, 73.63.Nm, 73.63.Rt; Slovak version is also included, Technical improvements in version 2
Biosignatures from Earth-Like Planets Around M Dwarfs
Creators: name: Segura, Antigona
name: Kasting, James F.
name: Meadows, Victoria
name: Cohen, Martin
name: Scalo, John
name: Crisp, David
name: Butler, Rebecca A. H.
name: Tinetti, Giovana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled one-dimensional photochemical-climate calculations have been performed for hypothetical Earth-like planets around M dwarfs. Visible, near-infrared and thermal-infrared synthetic spectra of these planets were generated to determine which biosignature gases might be observed by a future, space-based telescope. Our star sample included two observed active M dwarfs, AD Leo and GJ 643, and three quiescent model stars. The spectral distribution of these stars in the ultraviolet generates a different photochemistry on these planets. As a result, the biogenic gases CH4, N2O, and CH3Cl have substantially longer lifetimes and higher mixing ratios than on Earth, making them potentially observable by space-based telescopes. On the active M-star planets, an ozone layer similar to Earth's was developed that resulted in a spectroscopic signature comparable to the terrestrial one. The simultaneous detection of O2 (or O3) and a reduced gas in a planet's atmosphere has been suggested as strong evidence for life. Planets circling M stars may be good locations to search for such evidence.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures, Astrobiology, in press
Impacts of Fat and Cholesterol Information On Consumer Demand: Application of New Indexes
Creators: name: Chern, Wen S.
name: Zuo, Jun
name: Chern, Wen S.
name: Zuo, Jun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Consumers' beliefs in the benefits of reducing fat intakes, especially saturated fat, and of increasing calcium intake from such foods as dairy products, depend upon the acquired information related to diet and health. This study develops new health information measures from different sources. The monthly information indexes, constructed for 1980-93, show that the amount of consumer information related to fat and cholesterol in circulation reached the highest levels during 1989-90. The results from an empirical application show that these new indexes of consumer health information about fats and cholesterol could explain the changing patterns of consumer choice for whole milk vs. lower fat milk in the United States.
THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHING: APPLYING BENEFIT TRANSFER TO MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHERIES STATISTICS SURVEY (MRFSS)
Creators: name: Jeong, Hyojin
name: Haab, Timothy C.
name: Jeong, Hyojin
name: Haab, Timothy C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Using two data sets from the same source but in different years (1994 and 1997) and regions (Northeast and Southeast), benefit transfer estimates are compared with original estimates to examine the convergent validity of benefit function transfer. Although benefit transfer error could go up to over 400% of original estimates for a particular case, the magnitude of benefit transfer error is less than 100% of original estimates for most cases. Since two data sets used for benefit transfer are from different regions and years, whether regional or temporal variation is more responsible for benefit transfer error can not be determined without intra-regional or intra-temporal data.
Variations of Observed Lyman-α Spectra Shapes due to the Intergalactic Absorption
Creators: name: Byrohl, Chris
name: Gronke, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lyman-$α$ (Ly$α$) spectra provide insights into the small-scale structure and kinematics of neutral hydrogen (HI) within galaxies as well as the ionization state of the intergalactic medium (IGM). The former defines the intrinsic spectrum of a galaxy, which is modified by the latter. These two effects are degenerate. Using the IllustrisTNG100 simulation, we study the impact of the IGM on Ly$α$ spectral shapes between $z\sim 0$ and $5$. We compute the distribution of the expected Ly$α$ peaks and of the peak asymmetry for different intrinsic spectra, redshifts and large-scale environments. We find that the commonly used averaged transmission curves give an incorrect perception of the observed spectral properties. We show that the distributions of peak counts and asymmetry can lift the degeneracy between the intrinsic spectrum and the IGM absorption. For example, we expect a significant number of triple peaked Ly$α$ spectra (up to 30% at $z\sim 3$) if the galaxies' HI distribution become more porous at higher redshift as predicted by cosmological simulations. We provide a public catalog of transmission curves to be used in future simulations and observations to allow a more realistic IGM treatment.
description: A reduced data set underlying this publication is available at https://zenodo.org/record/3832098
HOW TO MEASURE THE SUBSIDY RECEIVED BY A DEVELOPMENT FINANCE INSTITUTION
Creators: name: Schreiner, Mark
name: Schreiner, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: The most common indicator of the financial performance of development finance institutions, the Subsidy Dependence Index of Yaron (1992a), fails to recognize that subsidies are like equity injections whose use over time has a cost. Thus, the SDI underestimates subsidy. This paper gives a modified framework that counts all subsidies as equity injections. The paper also recasts the traditional SDI formula to clarify its definition and to show its invariance with respect to the form of subsidized resources. The modified framework is applied to the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh and to Caja los Andes, a microfinance organization in Bolivia. The underestimation of the traditional measure is material. The modified framework could be applied to any subsidized organization.
title: AI3SD Video: Pitfalls and Gotcha's with bioactivity data
Creators: name: Overington, John
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: AI3SD Event, Data Quality, Data Science, Data Sharing, Reproducible Research, Research, Research Data Management, Responsible Research, Training

description: John's talk focused on his experiences working with bioactivity data and drug discovery research along with some of the problems and errors that people have encountered when working in this sphere. In the past researchers could reasonably know 'most' of the research within a field, but now we have much larger scale research, more participants and more data but without a lot of the groundwork being laid for good data sharing and reusability. Now there is a lot of messy data out there; inaccessible data, cryptic data and poorly described data. John talks about some of the bioactivity resources that are available for researchers and some of the successes that these data sources have had when handling large amounts of data. John gives plenty of tips about things to look out for when examining chemical and biological data, with plenty of examples.
Decoupled Vocabulary Learning Enables Zero-Shot Translation from Unseen Languages
Creators: name: Mullov, Carlos
name: Pham, Quan
name: Waibel, Alexander
Publisher: name: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
Year: 2024

description: Multilingual neural machine translation systems learn to map sentences of different lan-
guages into a common representation space. Intuitively, with a growing number of seen
languages the encoder sentence representation grows more flexible and easily adaptable to
new languages. In this work, we test this hypothesis by zero-shot translating from unseen
languages. To deal with unknown vocabularies from unknown languages we propose a
setup where we decouple learning of vocabulary and syntax, i.e. for each language we
learn word representations in a separate step (using cross-lingual word embeddings), and
then train to translate while keeping those word representations frozen. We demonstrate that
this setup enables zero-shot translation from entirely unseen languages. Zero-shot translat-
ing with a model trained on Germanic and Romance languages we achieve scores of 42.6
BLEU for Portuguese-English and 20.7 BLEU for Russian-English on TED domain. We ex-
plore how this zero-shot translation capability develops with varying number of languages
seen by the encoder. Lastly, we explore the effectiveness of our decoupled learning strat-
egy for unsupervised machine translation. By exploiting our model’s zero-shot translation ca-
pability for iterative back-translation we attain near parity with a supervised setting.
An expanded catalogue of low surface brightness galaxies in the Coma cluster using Subaru/Suprime-Cam
Creators: name: Alabi, Adebusola B.
name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Brodie, Jean P.
name: Okabe, Nobuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a catalogue of low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies in the Coma cluster obtained from deep Subaru/Suprime-Cam V and R-band imaging data within a region of $\sim$4 deg$^2$. We increase the number of LSB galaxies presented in Yagi et al. (2016) by a factor of $\sim$3 and report the discovery of 29 new ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs). We compile the largest sample of ultra-diffuse galaxies with colours and structural parameters in the Coma cluster. While most UDGs lie along the red-sequence relation of the colour-magnitude diagram, $\sim$5per cent are outside (bluer or redder) the red-sequence region of Coma cluster galaxies. Our analyses show that there is no special distinction in the basic photometric parameters between UDGs and other LSB galaxies. We investigate the clustercentric colour distribution and find a remarkable transition at a projected radius of $\sim$0.6 Mpc. Within this cluster core region, LSB galaxies are, on average, redder than co-spatial higher surface brightness galaxies, highlighting how vulnerable LSB galaxies are to the physical processes at play in the dense central region of the cluster. The position of the transition radius agrees with expectations from recent cosmological simulation of massive galaxy clusters within which ancient infalls are predicted to dominate the LSB galaxy population.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. The complete version of Table 2 is available online as supplementary material
A Review of Recent Studies of Geographical Scale-Free Networks
Creators: name: Hayashi, Yukio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scale-free (SF) structure that commonly appears in many complex networks is one of the hot topics related to social, biological, and information sciences. The self-organized generation mechanisms are expected to be useful for efficient communication or robust connectivity in socio-technological infrastructures. This paper is the first review of geographical SF network models. We discuss the essential generation mechanisms to induce the structure with power-law behavior and the properties of planarity and link length. The distributed designs of geographical SF networks without the crossing and long-range links that cause the interference and dissipation problems are very important for many applications such as in the Internet, power-grid, mobile, and sensor systems.
description: 9 pages, 5 fugires, 1 table, REVTeX
An indirect limit on the amplitude of primordial Gravitational Wave Background from CMB-Galaxy Cross Correlation
Creators: name: Cooray, A.
name: Corasaniti, P. S.
name: Giannantonio, T.
name: Melchiorri, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While large scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies involve a combination of the scalar and tensor fluctuations, the scalar amplitude can be independently determined through the CMB-galaxy cross-correlation. Using recently measured cross-correlation amplitudes, arising from the cross-correlation between galaxies and the Integrated Sachs Wolfe effect in CMB anisotropies, we obtain a constraint r < 0.5 at 68% confidence level on the tensor-to-scalar fluctuation amplitude ratio. The data also allow us to exclude gravity waves at a level of a few percent, relative to the density field, in a low - Lambda dominated universe(Omega_Lambda~0.5). In future, joining cross-correlation ISW measurements, which captures cosmological parameter information, with independent determinations of the matter density and CMB anisotropy power spectrum, may constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio to a level above 0.05. This value is the ultimate limit on tensor-to-scalar ratio from temperature anisotropy maps when all other cosmological parameters except for the tensor amplitude are known and the combination with CMB-galaxy correlation allows this limit to be reached easily by accounting for degeneracies in certain cosmological parameters.
description: 5 Pages, 1 Figure, revised discussion on cosmic variance limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio from CMB, matches PRD accepted version
Alignment of a topological defect by an activity gradient
Creators: name: Tang, Xingzhou
name: Selinger, Jonathan V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a method for controlling active materials, researchers have suggested designing patterns of activity on a substrate, which should guide the motion of topological defects. To investigate this concept, we model the behavior of a single defect of topological charge $+1/2$, moving in an activity gradient. This modeling uses three methods: (1) approximate analytic solution of hydrodynamic equations, (2) macroscopic, symmetry-based theory of the defect as an effective oriented particle, and (3) numerical simulation. All three methods show that an activity gradient aligns the defect orientation, and hence should be useful to control defect motion.
Evaluating acute myocardial infarction symptom recognition in women
Creators: name: Wyatt, Peggy A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: When acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs, prompt medical treatment is of critical importance for the best outcome. Reducing the time between the onset of symptoms and treatment seeking is considered important in reducing mortality among women with AMI. A telephone survey using random digit dialing was conducted to assess the current understanding of acute myocardial infarction of 349 women in the Greater Vancouver area. This preliminary work is important for designing strategies designed to educate women and reduce the help-seeking portion of treatment delay in women experiencing acute myocardial infarction. Two response variables were examined: intention to delay and likelihood of responding appropriately to myocardial infarction symptoms. The results of this study revealed that women have not yet personalized information that they are at risk for AMI. The participants indicated a need for more information pertaining to symptom recognition for AMI; they were largely unaware that females experience AMI somewhat differently than do males. The participants were less aware of the risks that diabetes, obesity and menopause pose for AMI. The findings of this study illuminate the concern that women have problems recognizing AMI symptoms and are not likely to respond appropriately. Women who indicated that they would feel embarrassed if they made a "false alarm visit" to an emergency room (ER) for suspicious symptoms were significantly less likely to indicate that they would respond appropriately to AMI symptoms. Additionally, women who had visited ER in the past were less likely to indicate that they would respond appropriately to AMI symptoms. Furthermore, there is cause for concern that 36% of women intend to delay treatment seeking for AMI. Variables significantly associated with intention to delay were embarrassment of a false alarm, preference for self-care management, being an immigrant, and lower educational attainment. A multidimensional approach will be needed to address the information needs of women pertaining to AMI recognition and treatment seeking. Not only should health promotion campaigns deliver the information women need, but clinicians in direct contact with women, particularly those women at risk for AMI, should be aware that treatment delay for women with AMI is problematic. Health-care providers can help disseminate information to women encouraging prompt and appropriate treatment seeking for AMI. Because women who had visited ER were significantly less likely to respond appropriately to AMI symptoms, it is important that strategies for improving ER experiences be considered. Recommendations for further research include the consideration that the decision to seek treatment for AMI symptoms is likely to be multidimensional. Psychological, emotional, and social factors, in addition to cognitive understanding, are components of the complicated process of deciding to seek treatment for AMI.
Matrix of Australian guidelines for the treatment of methamphetamine use disorder
Creators: name: Bascombe, Florence
name: Roche, Ann
name: Nicholas, Roger
name: Fischer, Jane
name: Ryan, Kirsten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111701 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111002 Clinical Nursing: Primary (Preventative)
subject: 111003 Clinical Nursing: Secondary (Acute Care)
subject: 111004 Clinical Nursing: Tertiary (Rehabilitative)
subject: 111502 Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111707 Family Care
subject: Health Care
subject: 111710 Health Counselling
subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: 119999 Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other medical sciences
subject: 111005 Mental Health Nursing
subject: 111006 Midwifery
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: 111499 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine not elsewhere classified
subject: 111716 Preventive Medicine
subject: 111717 Primary Health Care
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: 110321 Rehabilitation and Therapy (excl. Physiotherapy)
subject: 111718 Residential Client Care

description: A matrix of Australian methamphetamine-related clinical guidelines was created online, using the guidelines identified in an audit of clinical guidelines conducted by NCETA on behalf of NCCRED in 2019. It is available on the NCCRED website enabling users to find guidelines specific to the population group or treatment setting required.
https://nccred.org.au/translate/matrix/
Gradual transition from insulator to semimetal of Ca$_{1-x}$Eu$_{x}$B$_{6}$ with increasing Eu concentration
Creators: name: Urbano, R. R.
name: Pagliuso, P. G.
name: Rettori, C.
name: Schlottmann, P.
name: Sarrao, J. L.
name: Bianchi, A.
name: Nakatsuji, S.
name: Fisk, Z.
name: Velazquez, E.
name: Oseroff, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local environment of Eu$^{2+}$ ($4f^{7}$, $S=7/2$) in Ca$_{1-x}$Eu$_{x}$B$_{6}$ ($0.003\leqslant x\leqslant 1.00$) is investigated by means of electron spin resonance (ESR). For $x\lesssim 0.003$ the spectra show resolved \textit{fine} and \textit{hyperfine} structures due to the cubic crystal \textit{electric} field and nuclear \textit{hyperfine} field, respectively. The resonances have Lorentzian line shape, indicating an \textit{insulating} environment for the Eu$^{2+}$ ions. For $0.003\lesssim x\lesssim 0.07$, as $x$ increases, the ESR lines broaden due to local distortions caused by the Eu/Ca ions substitution. For $0.07\lesssim x\lesssim 0.30$, the lines broaden further and the spectra gradually change from Lorentzian to Dysonian resonances, suggesting a coexistence of both \textit{insulating} and \textit{metallic} environments for the Eu$^{2+}$ ions. In contrast to Ca$_{1-x}$Gd$_{x}$B$_{6}$, the \textit{fine} structure is still observable up to $x\approx 0.15$. For $x\gtrsim 0.30 $ the \textit{fine} and \textit{hyperfine} structures are no longer observed, the line width increases, and the line shape is purely Dysonian anticipating the \textit{semimetallic} character of EuB$_{6}$. This broadening is attributed to a spin-flip scattering relaxation process due to the exchange interaction between conduction and Eu$^{2+}$ $4f$ electrons. High field ESR measurements for $x\gtrsim 0.15$ reveal smaller and anisotropic line widths, which are attributed to magnetic polarons and Fermi surface effects, respectively.
description: Submitted to PRB
Equations of motion according to the asymptotic post-Newtonian scheme for general relativity
Creators: name: Arminjon, Mayeul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize a recent work done on the title's subject. First, we present the asymptotic scheme of post-Newtonian (PN) approximation for general relativity in the harmonic gauge. Then, we discuss the definition of the mass centers and the derivation of equations for their motion, following that scheme. Finally, we briefly analyze the reason why a new term has thus been found in the equations of motion.
description: 8 pages, no figure. Text of talks given at the 3rd Workshop "Gravity, Astrophysics and Strings at the Black Sea" (Kiten, Bulgaria, June 13-20, 2005). Submitted to the Proceedings (P. Fiziev and M. Todorov, eds.)
Ecological notes on the Annulated Treeboa (Corallus annulatus) from a Costa Rican Lowland Tropical Wet Forest
Creators: name: Lewis, Todd R.
name: Grant, Paul B. C.
name: Henderson, Robert W.
name: Figueroa, Alex
name: Dunn, Mike D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The Annulated Treeboa (Corallus annulatus) is one of nine currently recognized species in the boid genus Corallus. Its disjunct range extends from eastern Guatemala into northern Honduras, southeastern Nicaragua, northeastern Costa Rica, and southwestern Panama to northern Colombia west of the Andes. It is the only species of Corallus found on the Caribbean versant of Costa Rica, where it occurs at elevations to at least 650m and perhaps as high as 1,000m. Corallus annulatus occurs mostly in primary and secondary lowland tropical wet and moist rainforest and it appears to be genuinely rare. Besides C. cropanii and C. blombergi (the latter closely related to C. annulatus), it is the rarest member of the genus. Aside from information on habitat and activity, little is known regarding its natural history.