cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Choice modelling: assessing the environmental values of water supply options
Creators: name: Blamey, Russell K.
name: Gordon, Jenny
name: Chapman, Ross
name: Blamey, Russell K.
name: Gordon, Jenny
name: Chapman, Ross
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Three criticisms of the contingent valuation method (CVM) are considered in this article. One technique that would appear to answer such criticisms is choice modelling (CM). CM permits value estimates for different goods sharing a common set of attributes to be pieced together using the results of a single multinomial (conditional) logit model. The CM approach to environmental value assessment is illustrated in the context of a consumer‐based assessment of future water supply options in the Australian Capital Territory. CM is found to provide a flexible and cost‐effective method for estimating use and passive use values, particularly when several alternative proposals need to be considered.
Dispersion of electromagnetic waves in linear, homogeneous, and isotropic media
Creators: name: Mansuripur, Masud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An electromagnetic wave-packet propagating in a linear, homogeneous, and isotropic medium changes shape while its envelope travels with different velocities at different points in spacetime. In general, a wave-packet can be described as a superposition of plane-waves having different frequencies ω and different propagation vectors k. While the angular spread of the k-vectors gives rise to diffractive effects, it is the frequency-dependence of the refractive index of the host medium that is commonly associated with optical dispersion. When the spectral distribution of the wave-packet is confined to a narrow band of frequencies, and also when the spread of the k-vectors is not too broad, it is possible, under certain circumstances, to obtain analytical expressions for the local and/or global trajectory of the packet's envelope as it evolves in time. This paper is an attempt at a systematic description of the underlying physical assumptions and mathematical arguments leading to certain well-known properties of narrowband electromagnetic wave-packets in the presence of diffractive as well as (temporally) dispersive effects.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, 48 equations, 16 references
Evolutionary diversity and phylogenetic community structure of forest trees across the conterminous United States
Creators: name: Potter, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Potter, K.M. 2012. Evolutionary diversity and phylogenetic community structure of forest trees across the conterminous United States. Chapter 2 in K.M. Potter and B.L. Conkling, eds., Forest Health Monitoring 2008 National Technical Report. General Technical Report SRS-158. Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 21-38.
The conservation of evolutionary diversity is an important biological criterion for judging the sustainability of forests because it is necessary for the adaptation of species and for the resistance of communities to changes in environmental conditions (chapter 2). Community phylogenetic analysis is a new approach that quantifies evolutionary variation across communities of species. As such, it represents a potential tool for assessing the health of forest communities, both in terms of biodiversity and community resilience to stress. Regional patterns of phylogenetic diversity in forest tree species, calculated from more than 100,000 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots, are similar to those of species richness across the conterminous United States, but important differences exist. Additionally, measures of phylogenetic structure suggest that forest tree communities may possess differing levels of susceptibility to generalist forest threats, and that such threats may have differing effects on the ecological functionality of these communities.
Dipolar spin waves in uniaxial easy-axis antiferromagnets: A natural topological nodal-line semimetal
Creators: name: Liu, Jie
name: Wang, Lin
name: Shen, Ka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of the magnetostatic surface spin waves in ferromagnets, known as Damon-Eshbach mode, was recently demonstrated to originate from the topology of the dipole-dipole interaction. In this work, we study the topological characteristics of magnons in easy-axis antiferromagnets with uniaxial anisotropy. The dipolar spin waves are found to be, driven by the dipole-dipole interaction, in a topological nodal-line semimetal phase, which hosts Damon-Eshbach-type surface modes due to the bulk-edge correspondence. The long wavelength character of dipolar spin waves makes our proposal valid for any natural uniaxial easy-axis antiferromagnet, and thus enriches the candidates of topological magnonic materials. In contrast to the nonreciprocal property in ferromagnetic case, the surface modes with opposite momentum coexist at each surface, but with different chiralities. Such a chirality-momentum or spin-momentum locking, similar to that of electronic surface states in topological insulators, offers the opportunity to design novel chirality-based magnonic devices in antiferromagnets.
Helicity-Dependent Angular Distributions for Double-Charged-Pion Photoproduction
Creators: name: Strauch, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-pion photoproduction in the reaction gamma p -> p pi+ pi- has been studied at Jefferson Lab Hall B using a circularly-polarized tagged photon beam in the energy range between 0.6 GeV and 2.3 GeV. Beam-helicity-dependent angular distributions of the final-state particles were measured. The large cross-section asymmetries that have been found exhibit strong sensitivity to the kinematics of the reaction, and are compared with preliminary model calculations by Mokeev and Roberts.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of the Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons NSTAR 2004, Grenoble, France, March 24-27, 2004 (World Scientific)
A Photonic Integrated Circuit based Compressive Sensing Radio Frequency Receiver Using Waveguide Speckle
Creators: name: Borlaug, David B.
name: Estrella, Steven
name: Boone, Carl
name: Sefler, George A.
name: Shaw, Thomas Justin
name: Roy, Angsuman
name: Johansson, Leif
name: Valley, George C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) comprised of an 11 cm multimode speckle waveguide, a 1x32 splitter, and a linear grating coupler array is fabricated and utilized to receive 2 GHz of radio-frequency (RF) signal bandwidth from 2.5 to 4.5 GHz using compressive sensing (CS). Incoming RF signals are modulated onto chirped optical pulses which are input to the multimode waveguide. The multimode waveguide produces the random projections needed for CS via optical speckle. The time-varying phase and amplitude of two test RF signals between 2.5 and 4.5 GHz are successfully recovered using the standard penalized $l_1$-norm method. The use of a passive PIC serves as an initial step towards the miniaturization of a compressive sensing RF receiver.
Is there an enhancement of muons at sea level from transient events?
Creators: name: Navia, C. E.
name: Augusto, C. R. A.
name: Robba, M. B.
name: Malheiro, M.
name: Shigueoka, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent study of a search for enhancements from the galactic center with muons at sea level using the TUPI muon telescope, we have found several ground level enhancements (GLEs) as very sharp peaks above the count rate background. This paper reports a consistent analysis of two GLEs observed in December 2003 and detected after an up-grade of the data acquisition system, which includes a noise filter and which allows us to verify that the GLEs are not mere background fluctuations. The main target of this study is a search for the origin of the GLEs. The results show that one of them has a strong correlation with a solar flare, while the other has an unknown origin, because there is neither a satellite report of a solar flare, nor prompt X-ray emission, and nor a excess of nuclei during the raster scan where the GLE was observed. Even so, two possibilities are analyzed: the solar flare hypothesis and the gamma ray burst (GRB) hypothesis. We show, by using the FLUKA Monte Carlo results for photo-production, that under certain conditions there is the possibility of an enhancement of muons at sea level from GeV GRBs.
description: 27 pages, 11 ps figures, Accepted in Astrophysical Journal
title: Data-driven business models: a holistic development framework for industrial companies
Creators: name: Schornböck, Patrick
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: datenbasierte Geschäftsmodelle
subject: Geschäftsmodellentwicklung
subject: data-driven business model
subject: business model development

description: Novel technological possibilities in the gathering and analysis of data open up unprecedentedways to monitor and influence how physical goods are created, distributed, and used. Withthat, new opportunities and threats ensue for industrial companies. While there are somewell-known examples of producing companies that incorporate data-driven business models(DDBMs), one kind of them seems to face especially challenging circumstances: producers ofcomplementary goods. They are significantly dependent on other producers, systemintegrators, and channel partners which needs to be accordingly considered in any businessmodel innovation.Existing literature and practices are sparse on the prescription of business model designprinciples and procedures that relate to these circumstances. Following, a developmentframework for data-driven business models that takes the complementary producerssituations specifically into account is devised. It is shown, that business models can beregarded as information systems (IS) as they comprise IS constructs that illustrateabstractions and representations of the junction of technology, people, and organisation.With this association, information system design theory (ISDT) is used to prescribe a designstructure and procedure decision-makers can use to explore and describe ecosystemempowered, data-driven business models: the DDBM Radar.The framework and its key components of the data-driven value proposition, the operatingmodel and the financial model are explained in detail. The frameworks practical usability isillustrated through the description of current real-world cases in the proposed structure.Further, its efficacy and utility for the practical application are demonstrated empirically.
Erbsenfütterung in der Schweinehaltung
Creators: name: Wochner, Sarah
name: Munder, Isabella
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: pigs
legumes
pea
animalfeed

description: Dieser Practice Guide soll eine Übersicht über die momentanen Gegebenheiten hinsichtlich der Eiweißversorgung in der Region Hohenlohe geben und unsere Landwirte dazu ermutigen, heimische Körnerleguminosen als wertvolle Kulturart in die Fruchtfolge und Fütterung aufzunehmen. In einem Fütterungsversuch mit Erbsen in der Schweinemast möchten wir dabei besonders den Aspekt des Anbau- und Futterwertes der Erbse eingehen. Daneben soll der Guide auch viele Informationsquellen nennen, über welche man sich auch zum Anbau weiterer heimischer Körnerleguminosen wie die Ackerbohne informieren kann. This Practice Guide is intended to provide an overview of the current situation with regard to protein supply in the Hohenlohe region and to encourage our farmers to include native grain legumes as a valuable crop in crop rotation and feeding. In a feeding trial with peas in pig fattening, we would like to particularly address the aspect of the cultivation and feed value of the pea. In addition, the guide will also provide many sources of information on the cultivation of other native grain legumes such as the field bean.
The Economic Contribution of North Dakota Cooperatives to the North Dakota State Economy
Creators: name: McKee, Gregory J.
name: McKee, Gregory J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Agribusiness
Financial Economics
Public Economics

description: Cooperatives are a vital component of the North Dakota economy. Owned by their customers or by privately-held firms, cooperatives provide a variety of goods and services to North Dakota. Based on data provided by the North Dakota Secretary of State, 332 businesses operating in North Dakota identified themselves as cooperatives in 2010; 256 are headquartered in the state. The economic contribution of the North Dakota cooperatives reaches beyond the local communities where they are headquartered. In 2010, the operations of electric, credit, farm supply and farm output marketing, and telecommunication cooperatives headquartered in North Dakota generated $3.5 billion of gross business sales. These sales led to secondary business volume of $2.1 billion. Hence, these 256 cooperatives made a total economic contribution to the state economy of $5.6 billion. The economic contribution of cooperatives is also comprised of jobs, labor income and tax revenue to the state. The 256 cooperatives featured in this study employ approximately 8,000 people on a full time basis in North Dakota. These employees were paid approximately $1.1 billion in wages and benefits. After the cost of goods sold, the principal expenditure of the cooperatives in North Dakota is employee compensation. The gross sales generated by the cooperatives, and the expenses generated by cooperative employee household spending generated an additional 17,000 full time jobs and $0.6 billion in wages and benefits in the North Dakota economy. Together, these activities generated a corporate, payroll and personal taxes contribution of $342 million to the state.
title: Lettres de Jacques Leibowitch à François Honnorat, avocat
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111135137816
description: created: start=1998-08-13;end=2000-05-22
Revisiting Cheap Talk with New Evidence from a Field Experiment
Creators: name: Silva, Andres
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Campbell, Benjamin L.
name: Park, John L.
name: Silva, Andres
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Campbell, Benjamin L.
name: Park, John L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: BDM
subject: cheap talk
subject: field experiment
subject: hypothetical bias
subject: willingness-to-pay

description: We assess the reduction of hypothetical bias in consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for products by applying a generic, short, and neutral cheap talk script in a retail setting. Using an open-ended elicitation mechanism with non-hypothetical, hypothetical, and hypothetical with cheap talk treatments, our results indicate that the hypothetical WTP values are higher than the nonhypothetical values, but the hypothetical with cheap talk values are not significantly different from non-hypothetical estimates.
Topological superconductivity in quasicrystals
Creators: name: Ghadimi, Rasoul
name: Sugimoto, Takanori
name: Tanaka, K.
name: Tohyama, Takami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose realization of non-Abelian topological superconductivity in two-dimensional quasicrystals by the same mechanism as in crystalline counterparts. Specifically, we study a two-dimensional electron gas in Penrose and Ammann-Beenker quasicrystals with Rashba spin-orbit coupling, perpendicular Zeeman magnetic field, and conventional $s$-wave superconductivity. We find that topological superconductivity with broken time-reversal symmetry is realized in both Penrose and Ammann-Beenker quasicrystals at low filling, where the Bott index is unity. The topological nature of this phase is confirmed by the existence of a zero-energy surface bound state and the chiral propagation of a wave packet projected onto the midgap bound state along the surfaces. Furthermore, we confirm the existence of a single Majorana zero mode each in a vortex at the center of the system and along the surfaces, signifying the non-Abelian character of the system when the Bott index is unity.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Mesoscopic threshold detectors: Telegraphing the size of a fluctuation
Creators: name: Jordan, Andrew N.
name: Sukhorukov, Eugene V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a two-terminal method to measure shot noise in mesoscopic systems based on an instability in the current-voltage characteristic of an on-chip detector. The microscopic noise drives the instability, which leads to random switching of the current between two values, the telegraph process. In the Gaussian regime, the shot noise power driving the instability may be extracted from the I-V curve, with the noise power as a fitting parameter. In the threshold regime, the extreme value statistics of the mesoscopic conductor can be extracted from the switching rates, which reorganize the complete information about the current statistics in an indirect way, "telegraphing" the size of a fluctuation. We propose the use of a quantum double dot as a mesoscopic threshold detector.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, published version
Practical strategies for implementing green roof technologies toward a livable, affordable and sustainable community in Burnaby Mountain
Creators: name: Yu, Yongxu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: With the rapid pace of urbanization in the Greater Vancouver Regional District, sustainable development is increasingly important to the economy, ecology and equity of the region. Simon Fraser UniverCity Community Trust intends to create a "vibrant, self-sustaining community for its well-planned neighborhood, its strong links to the university and its deep respect for the natural heritage of Burnaby Mountain."¹ Huge efforts toward sustainability have been put into this entire new community development by wide range of disciplines in the past few years. However the lose of green space has changed Burnaby Mountain forever. As an approved technology of sustainable development, which has been widely practiced in Europe, the green roof is a creative way to increase green space, save energy and reduce stormwater runoff. But the lack of knowledge, awareness and technical support creates uncertainty in designers, developers, and contractors. Above all, the costs of green roofs have always been a big concern. Literature about green roofs is confusing from the economic point of view. Some authors claim that a green roof can cost twice as much or more than conventional roofs. Others think that it is a cost-effective way to achieve the environmental and aesthetic goals of a project. This research project will take a closer look at green roof technologies, discuss green roofs from the Hanging Gardens of Babylon to modern examples, identify the benefits that green roofs could offer to Burnaby Mountain and surrounding areas, discover how much the benefits can offset the costs and explore practical strategies of implementing green roof technologies toward a livable, affordable and sustainable community in Burnaby Mountain.
The Preservation of Super Earths and the Emergence of Gas Giants after Their Progenitor Cores have Entered the Pebble Isolation Phase
Creators: name: Chen, Yi-Xian
name: Li, Ya-Ping
name: Li, Hui
name: Lin, Douglas N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The omnipresence of super-Earths suggests that they are able to be retained in natal disks around low-mass stars, whereas exoplanets' mass distribution indicates that some cores have transformed into gas giants through runaway gas accretion at 1AU from solar-type stars. In this paper, we show that transition to runaway gas accretion by cores may be self-impeded by an increase of the grain opacity in their envelope after they have acquired sufficient mass (typically 10Mearth) to enter a pebble-isolation phase. The accumulation of mm-m size pebbles in their migration barriers enhances their local fragmentation rates. The freshly produced sub-mm grains pass through the barrier, elevate the effective dust opacity and reduce the radiative flux in the cores envelope. These effects alone are adequate to suppress the transition to runaway accretion and preserve super-Earths in the stellar proximity (0.1 AU), albeit entropy advection between the envelope and the disk can further reduce the accretion rate. At intermediate distance (1AU) from their host stars, the escalation in the dust opacity dominates over entropy advection in stalling the transition to runaway accretion for marginally pebble-isolated cores. Beyond a few AU, the transformation of more massive cores to gas giants is reachable before severe depletion of disk gas. This requirement can be satisfied either in extended disks with large scale height via orderly accretion of migrating pebbles or through the mergers of oligarchic protoplanetary embryos, and can account for the correlated occurrence of long-period gas giants and close-in super-Earths.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures, accepted by ApJ
Black holes, cuspy atmospheres, and galaxy formation
Creators: name: Binney, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In cuspy atmospheres, jets driven by supermassive black holes (BHs) offset radiative cooling. The jets fire episodically, but often enough that the cuspy atmosphere does not move very far towards a cooling catastrophe in the intervals of jet inactivity. The ability of energy released on the sub-parsec scale of the BH to balance cooling on scales of several tens of kiloparsecs arises through a combination of the temperature sensitivity of the accretion rate and the way in which the radius of jet disruption varies with ambient density. Accretion of hot gas does not significantly increase BH masses, which are determined by periods of rapid BH growth and star formation when cold gas is briefly abundant at the galactic centre. Hot gas does not accumulate in shallow potential wells. As the Universe ages, deeper wells form, and eventually hot gas accumulates. This gas soon prevents the formation of further stars, since jets powered by the BH prevent it from cooling, and it mops up most cold infalling gas before many stars can form. Thus BHs set the upper limit to the masses of galaxies. The formation of low-mass galaxies is inhibited by a combination of photo-heating and supernova-driven galactic winds. Working in tandem these mechanisms can probably explain the profound difference between the galaxy luminosity function and the mass function of dark halos expected in the cold dark matter cosmology.
description: To appear in Phil Trans Roy Soc
title: Double quantum dots in Germanium hut nanowires : Fabrication and characterization
Creators: name: Soce, Marin
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Dot
subject: Coulomb Blokade
subject: quantum dot
subject: Coulom blockade

description: Seit den ersten theoretischen Arbeiten über Quantenrechner haben Wissenschaftler verschiedene Systeme für die Implementierung eines solchen Quantenprozessors in Angriff genommen. Eine davon besteht darin einzelne Elektronen in einem Quantenpunkt einzufangen. In den letzten Jahren wurden auch Spin Zustände von Löchern als vielversprechende Kandidaten für Qubits vorgeschlagen da sie eine starke Spin-Bahn Kopplung besitzen welche wiederum eine komplett elektrische Manipulation des Spins ermöglicht. In 2018 wurde das erste Germanium Loch-Spin Qubit in einem Doppelquanten Punkt in einem hut wire gezeigt. Eine Rekordmanipulationsfrequenz von 140 MHz wurde hierbei demonstriert. Nichtsdestotrotz erwies sich die Reproduzierbarkeit und Stabilität der Doppelpunkte in diesem Material als äußerst schwierig. In der vorliegende Arbeit, verschiedene Fabrikationsrezepte wurden zur Optimierung dieser Eigenschaften getestet. Mit vier verschiedenen Proben, die Charakterisierung is gemacht und eine deutliche Verbesserung des Elektrischen Rauschens und der Stimmbarkeit wird gezeigt. Die präsentierten Resultate ermöglichen weitere und komplexere Forschung zu spin qubits in diesem Materialsystem.
description: Since the first theoretical work on quantum computation scientists have considered various systems for the implementation of a large scale qubit system. One of them are electron spins confined in a quantum dots. In the past few years, spin state of holes were also suggested as promising qubits, because of their strong spin-orbit coupling which allows fast all-electrical spin manipulation. In 2018 the first germanium hole spin qubit was demonstrated in a double quantum dot device made out of a hut wire and it showed record manipulation times of 140 MHz. However, obtaining reproducible and stable double quantum dots in this material system proved to be a difficult task. In the presented work, various fabrication recipes have been developed and tested for achieving this goal. Using four different samples, devices are characterised and a significant improvement in terms of a charge-noise and tunability is reported. The presented results enable further and more complex spin qubit research in this material system.
Food consumption patterns and nutrition in urban Java households: the discriminatory power of some socioeconomic variables
Creators: name: Rae, Allan N.
name: Rae, Allan N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Food consumption patterns are undergoing substantial change in many countries as economic development proceeds. The trend is a move away from traditional cereals towards higher‐value and higher‐protein foods. Explaining such changes only in terms of traditional economic variables can lead to biased estimates of income effects and perhaps biased projections of food demand. Household survey data from Indonesia are used to measure the importance of several socioeconomic variables in explaining differences in household food consumption patterns and nutrition. Household expenditure and the level of women’s education are shown to be the most influential in this explanation.
Introduction: Forest Health Monitoring 2008 National Technical Report
Creators: name: Potter, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70505 Forestry Pests, Health and Diseases
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Potter, K.M. 2012. Introduction. Chapter 1 in K.M. Potter and B.L. Conkling, eds., Forest Health Monitoring 2008 National Technical Report. General Technical Report SRS-158. Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 9-19.
Healthy ecosystems are those that are stable and sustainable, able to maintain their organization and autonomy over time while remaining resilient to stress (Costanza 1992). The Forest Health Monitoring Program (FHM) of the U.S. Forest Service, with its cooperating researchers within and outside the Forest Service, quantifies the health of U.S. forests within the context of the sustainable forest management criteria and indicators outlined in the Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (Montréal Process Working Group 2007). The analyses and results outlined in this FHM annual national technical report offer a snapshot of the current condition of U.S. forests from a national or a multi-state regional perspective, incorporating baseline investigations of forest ecosystem health, examination of change over time in forest health metrics, and the assessment of developing threats to forest stability and sustainability. Several chapters also describe new techniques for analyzing forest health data as well as new applications of established techniques. Finally, this report presents results from recently completed evaluation monitoring (EM) projects that have been funded through the FHM national program to determine the extent, severity and/or causes of forest health problems (Forest Health Monitoring 2008).
Shor's Factoring Algorithm and Modern Cryptography. An Illustration of the Capabilities Inherent in Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Gerjuoy, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The security of messages encoded via the widely used RSA public key encryption system rests on the enormous computational effort required to find the prime factors of a large number N using classical (i.e., conventional) computers. In 1994, however, Peter Shor showed that for sufficiently large N a quantum computer would be expected to perform the factoring with much less computational effort. This paper endeavors to explain, in a fashion comprehensible to the non-expert readers of this journal: (i) the RSA encryption protocol; (ii) the various quantum computer manipulations constituting the Shor algorithm; (iii) how the Shor algorithm performs the factoring; and (iv) the precise sense in which a quantum computer employing Shor's algorithm can be said to accomplish the factoring of very large numbers with less computational effort than a classical computer can. It is made apparent that factoring $N$ generally requires many successive runs of the algorithm. The careful analysis herein reveals, however, that the probability of achieving a successful factorization on a single run is about twice as large as commonly quoted in the literature.
Energy, linear momentum, and spin and orbital angular momenta of circularly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian wave-packets
Creators: name: Mansuripur, Masud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive expressions for the energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum content of circularly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian wave-packets propagating in free space. The vectorial nature of the electromagnetic field is taken into account, and the various consequences of paraxial approximation, which is typically invoked in theoretical treatments of the Laguerre-Gaussian beams, are examined.
description: 14 pages, 29 equations, 5 appendices, 12 references
The Revival of the Unified Dark Energy-Dark Matter Model ?
Creators: name: Bento, M. C.
name: Bertolami, O.
name: Sen, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) proposal for unification of dark energy and dark matter and show that it admits an unique decomposition into dark energy and dark matter components once phantom-like dark energy is excluded. Within this framework, we study structure formation and show that difficulties associated to unphysical oscillations or blow-up in the matter power spectrum can be circumvented. Furthermore, we show that the dominance of dark energy is related to the time when energy density fluctuations start deviating from the linear $δ\sim a$ behaviour.
description: 6 pages, 4 eps figures, Revtex4 style. New References are added. Some typos are corrected. Conclusions remain the same
Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2001-08
Creators: name: Potter, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70503 Forestry Fire Management
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Potter, K.M. 2012. Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2001-08. Chapter 9 in K.M. Potter and B.L. Conkling, eds., Forest Health Monitoring 2009 National Technical Report. General Technical Report SRS-167. Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. p. 151-162.
Mortality is a natural process in all forested ecosystems, but high levels of mortality at large scales may indicate that the health of forests is declining. FIA phase 2 data offer tree mortality information at a more spatially intense sample than the FHM and FIA phase 3 data used in past forest health annual technical reports. An analysis of FIA plots from 20 States found that the highest ratios of annual mortality to gross growth occurred in ecoregion sections of the Plains States. In the three ecoregions having highest mortality, the predominant vegetation is grassland, and there were very few forested plots measured. Most of the forest in these ecoregions is riparian forest, and the species experiencing greatest mortality are commonly found in riparian areas.
O FUTURO DA BIOTECNOGIA: SALVAÇÃO OU PERDIÇÃO?
Creators: name: Vieira, Adriana Carvalho Pinto
name: Buainain, Antonio Marcio
name: Vargas, Leandro
name: Vieira Junior, Pedro Abel
name: Vieira, Adriana Carvalho Pinto
name: Buainain, Antonio Marcio
name: Vargas, Leandro
name: Vieira Junior, Pedro Abel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: biotecnologia
subject: desenvolvimento agricultura
subject: sustentabilidade
subject: biotechnology
subject: agricultural development
subject: sustainability

description: O debate entre a oferta e a demanda de alimentos no mundo remonta ao século XVIII, sendo arrefecido com a Revolução Verde. Porém, em razão do crescimento da população ser maior que a produção agrícola durante as últimas décadas, os estoques mundiais de alimentos se reduziram abaixo do normal. O paradigma tecnológico imposto pela Revolução Verde, provavelmente, não será suficiente para atender a demanda por alimentos na próxima década. Há a necessidade de novas tecnologias para suprir essa demanda. Nesse sentido, a biotecnologia moderna desponta como uma importante ferramenta por permitir desenvolver novos organismos vivos a partir da manipulação gênica entre espécies que naturalmente não ocorreria. Em razão da diversidade e complexidade da agricultura brasileira, esses avanços deverão ser baseados na sustentabilidade, pois, nos dias atuais há uma grande pressão da agricultura sobre o meio ambiente. Esse cenário indica a necessidade de romper com o paradigma tecnológico vigente, incorporando cada vez mais novos valores. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a importância da biotecnologia para agricultura no Brasil, apoiada na sustentabilidade, para que o país consolidar sua importância no cenário internacional.---------------------------The debate between the offer and the demand of foods in the world remounts the XVIII century and it was become lukewarm with the Green Revolution. However, in reason of the growth population to be larger than the agricultural production during the last decades, the world stocks of foods reduce below the normal. The technological paradigm imposed by the Green Revolution, probably, won't be adequate to assist the demand for foods in the next decade. It is necessary new technologies to supply this demand. In this way, the modern biotechnology becomes an important tool by allowing the development of new organisms starting from the gene manipulation among species that naturally doesn't happen. Because the diversity and complexity of the Brazilian agriculture, those progresses should be based on the sustainability, because, in the current days there is a great pressure of the agriculture over the environment. This scenery indicates the need to break down with the current technological paradigm incorporating more and more new values. This paper aims to examine the importance of the biotechnology for the sustainable agriculture in Brazil, so that the country can consolidate their importance on the international scenery.
Degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics using ozone-based advanced oxidation process: Experimental, modeling, transformation mechanism and DFT study
Creators: name: Gader
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: 50206 Environmental Monitoring
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 50203 Environmental Education and Extension

description: In this research, degradation of three sulfonamide antibiotic compounds (SNAs) such as Sulfasalazine (SSZ), Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Sulfamethazine (SMT) as well as Metronidazole (MNZ) were investigated for the first time using experimental, modeling and simulation data under O3, H2O2, and O3/H2O2 systems. The kinetic and synergistic study confirmed the pseudo-first-order reaction and highest performance of the O3/H2O2 process for the SNAs degradation process. Two modeling approach, central composite design (CCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were utilized to investigate the optimization and modeling of SSZ degradation as the response of O3/H2O2 system and results were compared. The individual and interactive effects of main operational parameters were also possessed by the main effect graphs, contour and response surface plots. The experimental results showed maximum degradation efficiency at the optimum condition for SSZ, SMX, SMT and MNZ were 98.10%, 89.34%, 86.29% and 58.70%, respectively in O3/H2O2 process. For proposed reaction mechanism of SNAs in O3/H2O2 process the influence of inorganic salts including Na2SO4, NaH2PO4, Na2CO3, NaCl and tert butanol (TBA) as organic •OH scavenger was studied. Besides that, LC-MS/MS analysis and DFT calculation were employed to identify the intermediate molecules produced (31 species) during the SSZ degradation (as a SNAs model) and a probable degradation pathway was proposed. The results provided a new strategy by combination of experiment and computer simulation to evaluate the O3/H2O2 system for optimization of SNAs removal from wastewater.
Semimetals for high performance photodetection
Creators: name: Liu, Jing
name: Xia, Fengnian
name: Xiao, Di
name: de Abajo, Javier García
name: Sun, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semimetals are being explored for their unique advantages in low-energy high-speed photodetection, although they suffer from serious drawbacks such as an intrinsically high dark current. In this perspective, we envision the exploitation of topological effects in the photoresponse of these materials as a promising route to circumvent these problems. We overview recent studies on photodetection based on graphene and other semimetals, and further discuss the exciting opportunities created by the topological effects, along with the additional requirements that they impose on photodetector designs.
description: Perspective on photodetection based on topological semimetals
A New Heterodyne Megasonic Piezoresponse Force Microscopy with High-frequency Excitation beyond 100 MHz
Creators: name: Zeng, Qibin
name: Wang, Hongli
name: Huang, Qicheng
name: Fan, Zhen
name: Zeng, Kaiyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM), as a powerful nanoscale characterization technique, has been extensively utilized to elucidate diverse underlying physics of ferroelectricity. However, the intensive study of conventional PFM has revealed a growing number of concerns and limitations which are largely challenging its validity and application. Herein, we developed a new advanced PFM technique, named Heterodyne Megasonic Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (HM-PFM), which uniquely uses 106 to 108 Hz high-frequency excitation and heterodyne method to measure the piezoelectric strain at nanoscale. We report that HM-PFM can unambiguously provide standard ferroelectric domain and hysteresis loop measurements, and an effective domain characterization with excitation frequency up to ~110 MHz has been realized. Most importantly, owing to the high-frequency and heterodyne scheme, the contributions from both electrostatic force and electrochemical strain can be significantly minimized in HM-PFM. Furthermore, a special difference-frequency piezoresponse frequency spectrum (DFPFS) measurement is developed on HM-PFM and a distinct DFPFS characteristic is observed on the materials with piezoelectricity. It is believed that HM-PFM can be an excellent candidate for the piezoelectric or ferroelectric studies where the conventional PFM results are highly controversial.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures, with 14 pages supplementary information
DIFERENÇAS ESTRUTURAIS E ESPECIALIZAÇÃO REGIONAL DAS EXPORTAÇÕES DA AGRICULTURA PAULISTA EM RELAÇÃO ÀS DEMAIS UNIDADES DA FEDERAÇÃO BRASILEIRA NO PERÍODO 1997-2007.
Creators: name: Souza, Sueli Alves Moreira
name: Goncalves, Jose Sidnei
name: Souza, Sueli Alves Moreira
name: Goncalves, Jose Sidnei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: diferenças estruturais
subject: exportações
subject: agricultura territorial
subject: especialização regional
subject: structural differences
subject: exports
subject: territorial agriculture
subject: regional specialization

description: O trabalho mostra a especialização regional como um dos elementos determinantes das diferenças estruturais existentes entre a agricultura paulista e a das demais unidades da federação brasileira. Enquanto São Paulo tem como principal grupo de mercadorias exportadas os produzidos na agroindústria sucroalcooleira, nas demais unidades da federação prevalecem os grãos e fibras, com destaque para a soja. Essa diferenciação revela que também as políticas comerciais e de construção das logísticas devem ter em conta as territorialidades distintas encontradas na agricultura brasileira.------------------------This article shows the regional specialization as one of the determinant elements of the existing structural differences between the São Paulo State’s agriculture and the other Brazilian Federation state’s agriculture. São Paulo has as main group of goods exported the ones originated in sugar cane agriculture and processing, in the other states the most important are grains and fibers, highlighting soybean. This difference reveals that commercial policies and the logistic settlement construction has to take into account the differing territorial found in the Brazilian agriculture
Zeros of Rydberg-Rydberg Foster Interactions
Creators: name: Walker, Thad G.
name: Saffman, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rydberg states of atoms are of great current interest for quantum manipulation of mesoscopic samples of atoms. Long-range Rydberg-Rydberg interactions can inhibit multiple excitations of atoms under the appropriate conditions. These interactions are strongest when resonant collisional processes give rise to long-range C_3/R^3 interactions. We show in this paper that even under resonant conditions C_3 often vanishes so that care is required to realize full dipole blockade in micron-sized atom samples.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Phys. B
title: Wachstumsstrategien für Facility Management Dienstleister in Österreich
Creators: name: Marasoiu, Tiberiu
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Facility Management
subject: Facility Services
subject: Gebäudemanagement
subject: Dienstleistung
subject: Wachstumsstrategie
subject: Facility Management
subject: Facility Services
subject: Gebäudemanagement
subject: Dienstleistung
subject: Wachstumsstrategie

description: „Die Wichtigkeit von Facility Management ist die wohl am meisten verkannte Komponente von Unternehmen“ (Poglitsch et al. 2018: 9). Zu diesem Schluss gelangt das Austria Chapter der IFMA in seinem White Paper Die Zukunft des Facility Managements Vision „FM 2030“. Gleichzeitig wird der Einfluss, den das Facility Management (FM) auf ein Unternehmen ausübt, auf zehn bis 19 Prozent seiner Kostenstruktur geschätzt (Poglitsch et al. 2018: 9). Diese gegensätzlichen Aussagen deuten auf ungenutzte Potenziale und ineffizienten Ressourcenverbrauch. Dieser Missstand stellt den Antrieb für die vorliegende Abhandlung dar. Durch die differenzierte Auseinandersetzung mit Facility Management sollen mögliche Ursachen für die Vernachlässigung dieser Disziplin ausfindig gemacht und Lösungen für effizienteres Management vorgestellt werden. In dieser Arbeit wird der Werdegang des Facility Management beschrieben indem historische Entwicklung, gegenwärtige Auffassungen und mögliche Zukunftsszenarien präsentiert werden. Ein internationaler Vergleich der Handhabung von Facility Management soll mögliche „Vorbilder“ identifizieren und hilft, die Entwicklung des österreichischen FM-Marktes besser einschätzen zu können. Des Weiteren werden beobachtete Entwicklungstendenzen präsentiert, was dazu beitragen soll, die Kundenbedürfnisse „von morgen“ besser antizipieren zu können. Durch die Betrachtung dieser unterschiedlichen Aspekte des Facility Management soll den Leserinnen und Lesern ein genaueres Bild dieser verkannten Management Disziplin vermittelt werden. Dabei soll eine Mischung aus theoretischen und praktischen Bezugsquellen eine erfolgversprechende und praxistaugliche Handlungsempfehlung für österreichische FM-Dienstleister ermöglichen. Um in weiterer Folge das erlernte Wissen in erfolgreiches Management umwandeln zu können, werden Wachstumsstrategien und -konzepte für Leistungen aus dem Facility Management vorgestellt. Zusammengefasst lässt sich die Forschungsfrage dieser Abhandlung wie folgt formulieren: Welche Wachstumsstrategien und Vertriebskonzepte sind für Anbieter von FM Dienstleistungen auf dem österreichischen Markt für (ausgelagerte) FM Dienstleistungen, mit Bedacht auf gegenwärtige Trends und Entwicklungen, erfolgversprechend? Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht Erfolgskonzepte im Facility Management auszuarbeiten und an die Marktteilnehmer zu vermitteln. Dadurch soll ein Beitrag zur positiven Entwicklung der österreichischen FM-Branche geleistet werden.
Two-state Markovian theory of input-output frequency and phase synchronization
Creators: name: Casado-Pascual, Jesús
name: Gómez-Ordóñez, José
name: Morillo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Markovian dichotomic system driven by a deterministic time-periodic force is analyzed in terms of the statistical properties of the switching events between the states. The consideration of the counting process of the switching events leads us to define a discrete phase. We obtain expressions for the instantaneous output frequency and phase diffusion associated to the dichotomic process, as well as for their cycle averages. These expressions are completely determined by the rates of escape from both states. They are a convenient starting point for the study of the stochastic frequency and phase synchronization in a wide range of situations (both classical and quantum) in which two metastable states are involved.
description: 11 pages