cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Transmission Spectrum for the Sub-Saturn KELT-11b Suggestive of a Sub-Solar Water Abundance
Creators: name: Colón, Knicole D.
name: Kreidberg, Laura
name: Welbanks, Luis
name: Line, Michael R.
name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
name: Beatty, Thomas
name: Tamburo, Patrick
name: Stevenson, Kevin B.
name: Mandell, Avi
name: Rodriguez, Joseph E.
name: Barclay, Thomas
name: Lopez, Eric D.
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Angerhausen, Daniel
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: James, David J.
name: Pepper, Joshua
name: Ahlers, John P.
name: Plavchan, Peter
name: Awiphan, Supachai
name: Kotnik, Cliff
name: McLeod, Kim K.
name: Murawski, Gabriel
name: Chotani, Heena
name: LeBrun, Danny
name: Matzko, William
name: Rea, David
name: Vidaurri, Monica
name: Webster, Scott
name: Williams, James K.
name: Cox, Leafia Sheraden
name: Tan, Nicole
name: Gilbert, Emily A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an optical-to-infrared transmission spectrum of the inflated sub-Saturn KELT-11b measured with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 G141 spectroscopic grism, and the Spitzer Space Telescope (Spitzer) at 3.6 $μ$m, in addition to a Spitzer 4.5 $μ$m secondary eclipse. The precise HST transmission spectrum notably reveals a low-amplitude water feature with an unusual shape. Based on free retrieval analyses with varying molecular abundances, we find strong evidence for water absorption. Depending on model assumptions, we also find tentative evidence for other absorbers (HCN, TiO, and AlO). The retrieved water abundance is generally $\lesssim 0.1\times$ solar (0.001--0.7$\times$ solar over a range of model assumptions), several orders of magnitude lower than expected from planet formation models based on the solar system metallicity trend. We also consider chemical equilibrium and self-consistent 1D radiative-convective equilibrium model fits and find they too prefer low metallicities ($[M/H] \lesssim -2$, consistent with the free retrieval results). However, all the retrievals should be interpreted with some caution since they either require additional absorbers that are far out of chemical equilibrium to explain the shape of the spectrum or are simply poor fits to the data. Finally, we find the Spitzer secondary eclipse is indicative of full heat redistribution from KELT-11b's dayside to nightside, assuming a clear dayside. These potentially unusual results for KELT-11b's composition are suggestive of new challenges on the horizon for atmosphere and formation models in the face of increasingly precise measurements of exoplanet spectra.
description: Accepted to The Astronomical Journal. 31 pages, 20 figures, 7 tables
Inspiratory muscle training attenuates the human respiratory muscle metaboreflex
Creators: name: Witt, Jonathan Derek
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: PURPOSE: High-resistance inspiratory muscle work results in inspiratory muscle fatigue and sympathetically mediated increases in heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). We hypothesized that 5 wks of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) would attenuate such a response. METHODS: An experimental group (EXP, n = 8) performed IMT 6 days/wk for 5-wks at 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), while a mock training group (SHAM, n = 8) performed IMT at 10% MIP. Pre- and post- training, subjects underwent a eucapnic resistive breathing protocol (RBT) at a resistance of approx. 50% MIP (breathing frequency = 15 breaths/min, duty cycle = 0.70) while HR and MAP were continuously monitored. RBT duration was matched within each subject pre and post. MIP was assessed weekly. RESULTS: MIP increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the EXP group (-125.0 ± 28.4 to - 145.5 ± 33.3 cm H₂0, mean ± SD) but not in the SHAM group (-141.2 ± 31.8 to -147.5 ± 32.0 cm H₂0) . Mean RBT duration was significantly shorter in the SHAM group (392 ± 93.7 sec vs. 677 ± 197 sec). Prior to IMT, the RBT resulted in significant, rises in HR (SHAM: 58.7 ± 5.2 to 82.9 ± 11.6 beats/min; EXP : 61.7 ± 9.3 to 82.7 ± 12.1 beats/min) and MAP (SHAM: 88.1 ± 4.6 to 106.2 ± 7.3 mmHg; EXP : 84.5 ± 4.0 to 99.2 ± 8.1 mmHg) in both groups. The SHAM group responded similarly to the RBT post-training (HR: 56.9 ± 6.2 to 76.8 ± 8.5 beats/min; MAP : 89.3 ± 9.0 to 102.5 ± 8.0 mmHg). Following IMT in the EXP group, the RBT failed to increase HR and MAP to the same extent as before training (HR: 58.6 ± 8.7 to 73.8 ± 7.1 beats/min; MAP : 84.5 ± 3.3 to 88.7 ± 6.1 mmHg). MIP measured before and after the RBT did not change in either group pre or post training. CONCLUSIONS: IMT reduces the HR and MAP response to resistive inspiratory muscle work. This may indicate a reduction in sympatho-excitation due to either reduced accumulation of, or reduced responsiveness to, metabolites within the inspiratory muscles.
Exchange rates, interest rates and the European parallel currency
Creators: name: MAGNIFICO, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: European monetary union, EEC, monetary unification, integration, exchange, interest rates
subject: F36, F31, E43

description: The first official endeavours to bring about European monetary union were made when the system of fixed exchange rates was on the verge of collapse; in the intervening years the situation has hardly been more favourable than at the outset. Recently, however, things have started to look up again. While the dangers with which the world economic outlook is fraught point, no less clearly than in the past, to the crucial role of monetary unification for the survival of the Community, the difficulties which stand in the way of unification now seem to be less forbidding. The present paper draws attention to developments in the world economy and in EEC member countries that seem to justify this. In addition, some specific steps are suggested that would advance monetary unification. JEL: F36, F31, E43
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 124 (1978)
Visualizing delocalized correlated electronic states in twisted double bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Zhang, Canxun
name: Zhu, Tiancong
name: Kahn, Salman
name: Li, Shaowei
name: Yang, Birui
name: Herbig, Charlotte
name: Wu, Xuehao
name: Li, Hongyuan
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Cabrini, Stefano
name: Zettl, Alex
name: Zaletel, Michael P.
name: Wang, Feng
name: Crommie, Michael F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of interaction-driven insulating and superconducting phases in moiré van der Waals heterostructures has sparked considerable interest in understanding the novel correlated physics of these systems. While a significant number of studies have focused on twisted bilayer graphene, correlated insulating states and a superconductivity-like transition up to 12 K have been reported in recent transport measurements of twisted double bilayer graphene. Here we present a scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study of gate-tunable twisted double bilayer graphene devices. We observe splitting of the van Hove singularity peak by ~20 meV at half-filling of the conduction flat band, with a corresponding reduction of the local density of states at the Fermi level. By mapping the tunneling differential conductance we show that this correlated system exhibits energetically split states that are spatially delocalized throughout the different regions in the moiré unit cell, inconsistent with order originating solely from onsite Coulomb repulsion within strongly-localized orbitals. We have performed self-consistent Hartree-Fock calculations that suggest exchange-driven spontaneous symmetry breaking in the degenerate conduction flat band is the origin of the observed correlated state. Our results provide new insight into the nature of electron-electron interactions in twisted double bilayer graphene and related moiré systems.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Commodity price stabilisation and the developing countries
Creators: name: BROOK, E.
name: GRILLI, E.
name: WAELBROECK, J.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Developing countries, price instability, stabilisation, commodities
subject: E31, E63, O23

description: Developing countries have, for more than two decades, emphasised the adverse impact of prices and export revenue fluctuations on their economies. Despite the considerable effort that has gone into the study of the causes and effects of primary commodities’ price instability, progress in devising practical solutions and implementing them has been slow. The present article looks at commodity price stabilisation - defined as an operation intended to smooth out price fluctuations around the trend set by market forces - in terms of specific objectives and defines criteria for determining the primary commodities whose price stabilisation at the international level would benefit most the developing countries as producers or consumers. JEL: E31, E63, O23
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 124 (1978)
title: A low cost, accurate instrument to measure the moisture content of building envelopes in situ
Creators: name: Ye, Zhihui
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: Buildings must be designed and built to achieve a healthy environment, low energy consumption and a predictable service life. In order to achieve these goals the effects of combined heat, air and moisture (HAM) transfer must be understood. A suitable moisture measurement technique is thus required. There is a pressing need for a suitable instrument capable of in situ moisture measurements in building envelopes. Techniques do exist for such moisture measurement but all exhibit deficiencies in at least one critical area. A thermal dual-probe is investigated as a candidate for an appropriate instrument as such an approach offers significant potential benefits over existing methods.

It is demonstrated, via extensive finite-element (FE) modelling, that the thermal dual-probe technique is indeed applicable to in situ moisture measurements in typical building fabrics.

The thesis then moves on to deal with the optimisation of the design of such a probe. The results of relevant simulations using the proven two and three-dimensional FE models are detailed.

Finally, the extensive experimental work undertaken to support the modelling work is described. The measured data obtained from the thermal dual-probes is compared with the results of series of gravimetric analyses. Close agreement between the two methods is obtained.

The work, has successfully demonstrated that, depending upon the building fabric material,optimal probe lengths and spacing range from approximately 45-60mm and 12-20mm respectively. The experimental work clearly indicates that the thermal dual-probe is capable of accurate, in situ moisture measurements in building envelopes.
Is fiscal policy dead?
Creators: name: PEACOCK, A.T.
name: SHAW, G.K.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fiscal policy, economic stability, policy, limitations
subject: E62, E63

description: The paper discusses the political and administrative limitations of implementing fiscal policy as a means of achieving economic stability. Present day attitudes towards fiscal intervention are characterised by a general feeling of agnosticism. Not only has confidence waned in the ability of fiscal measures to secure macroeconomic goals, it has been argued that where fiscal changes exert noticeable and significant impacts they may do so in a distinctly perverse and de-stabilising manner. The question now facing policy administrators is whether fiscal policy may usefully be included in the armoury of countercyclical weapons wielded in defence of short-term stabilisation goals. This changed status of fiscal policy has stemmed partly from developments in theoretical economics generally on the one hand, and also from a changed view of the government objective function upon the other. JEL: E62, E63
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 125 (1978)
The Noise of Gravitons
Creators: name: Parikh, Maulik
name: Wilczek, Frank
name: Zahariade, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that when the gravitational field is treated quantum-mechanically, it induces fluctuations -- noise -- in the lengths of the arms of gravitational wave detectors. The characteristics of the noise depend on the quantum state of the gravitational field, and can be calculated exactly in several interesting cases. For coherent states the noise is very small, but it can be greatly enhanced in thermal and (especially) squeezed states. Detection of this fundamental noise would constitute direct evidence for the quantization of gravity and the existence of gravitons.
description: First prize in the Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition. 6 pages. Published version
Lagged development and economic dualism
Creators: name: FUÀ, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Lagging economies, Italy, productivity, labour supply, dualism, development policy
subject: J24, O11, O52

description: The work explores the hypothesis that today’s lagging economies, such as Italy, are not completely lacking in firms that are capable of achieving high levels of productivity, rather they simply do not have enough of them to absorb a sizeable portion of the potential labour supply. To test this hypothesis the author presents evidence on the number and productivity of micro-firms in various countries. Problems of distribution raised by differences in levels of productivity are then dealt with. Finally, the author argues that advanced economies in a previous phase of development most likely did not face the problems of dualism that lagging economies do today. Thus, an appropriate development policy for lagging economies cannot be modelled on the one valid for advanced economies of today, or even those of yesteryear, but rather calls for ad hoc reflection. JEL: J24, O11, O52
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 125 (1978)
Export instability and economic development: a reappraisal
Creators: name: LANCIERI, E.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Export instability, developing countries, primary commodities, macroeconomic framework, theoretical and empirical analysis
subject: F49, O11

description: Among the many problems besetting international economic relations, the instability of exports of developing countries has always been a major topic of analysis and discussion. Although developing countries identify this issue as an important obstacle to development, most of the inquiries over the last 30 years about its causes and consequences have produced controversial results. The economic literature on export instability is divided into two main streams, one analysing world markets for primary commodities and their quantity-price-earnings relationships, the other focussing on individual developing countries and their macroeconomic frameworks. The present work comments on recent additions to each of these streams which have livened the debate, before offering a new contribution to the theoretical and empirical analysis of export instability. JEL: F49, O11
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 125 (1978)
La Tracabilite en Elevage Bovin-Viande A La Martinque, Pourquoi? Pour Qui?
Creators: name: Leimbacher, F.
name: Burgos, S.
name: Ullindah, A.
name: Bourbon, B.
name: Domarin, D.
name: Marie-Nelly, H.
name: Leimbacher, F.
name: Burgos, S.
name: Ullindah, A.
name: Bourbon, B.
name: Domarin, D.
name: Marie-Nelly, H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: In MARTINIQUE, traceability allows many useful operations such as: epidemiological surveys to avoid the incidence of pathological hazards, the organisation of commercial circuits, to assist farmers in the production of better quality meat but also for its recognition on the local market, and to provide to the consumer reliable information and safe products for his health. Through examples of their daily involvement on this matter, the authors will try their best to illustrate this subject.
Förderung der Schreibkompetenz auf der Mittelstufe Eine Dokumentenanalyse
Creators: name: Ryf, Sibylle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Förderung
Schreiben
Zyklus 2
Masterarbeit

description: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird das im Kanton Zürich für die Mittelstufe obligatorische Deutschlehrmittel Sprachland in Bezug auf eine wirksame Schreibförderung analysiert. Dafür werden zunächst wichtige Begriffe und Modelle der aktuellen Schreibforschung aufgegriffen und vorgestellt. Es folgt eine theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit ausgewählten, evidenzbasierten Förderansätzen der Schreibförderung. Diese bilden das Fundament der Dokumentenanalyse und geben Aufschluss darüber, inwiefern die vorgestellten Ansätze bereits im Lehrmittel berücksichtigt werden. Die Resultate werden dargestellt, beschrieben und diskutiert. Die gewonnen Erkenntnisse zeigen auf, inwiefern das Sprachland bereits Materialien für einen effektiven Schreibunterricht bietet. Dies mit dem Ziel, das Wissen für einen optimalen Einsatz des Lehrmittels zur effektiven Förderung der Schreibkompetenz verfügbar zu machen.
REGULATORY/COORDINATION CONSIDERATIONS FACING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A CARIBBEAN INVASIVE SPECIES STRATEGY FROM THE FAO PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Pollard, Gene V.
name: Pollard, Gene V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: FAO
subject: invasive alien species
subject: IPPC
subject: plant pests
subject: harmonized actions

description: The issue of invasive alien species (IAS) has long been on the agenda of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) when the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) initially entered into force with the major purpose of preventing the introduction and spread of pests of plants and plant products. Today, invasive alien species (IAS) are considered under the broader umbrella of biosecurity and, for the IPPC Secretariat, interest in IAS is from the perspective of plant pests as species that may be invasive and that directly or indirectly affect plants or plant products and should be assessed, monitored and managed, if necessary, according to IPPC provisions. Several reports have indicated the threat of IAS as in the Caribbean region; recent plant pest invasives include the hibiscus mealybug, black Sigatoka disease and lethal yellowing of coconuts. FAO has recognised the disjointed and incomplete approach to the international policy and regulatory framework for biosecurity in food and agriculture and has suggested several regional and national actions to overcome the several shortcomings such as the development of common methodologies, particularly for risk-analysis, international standard-setting (including, where appropriate, environmental-related standards), and integrated management and monitoring. Further, it was recognised that broadly similar situations exist in national policy and regulatory frameworks where controls and national authority for biosecurity matters tend to be scattered over several ministries or departments. The limited resources of the several small island states in this Region militate against any individual effective action. However, collaborative and harmonized actions can certainly have an impact.
In search of an exchange rate policy for the dollar
Creators: name: DE VRIES, T.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Exchange rate system, par value, floating rates, dollar, exchange regime
subject: E42

description: Following the collapse of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates in 1971, an agreement on the basic principles of a new exchange rate system could not be reached. Many monetary authorities continue to hope that it will ultimately be possible to reinstate a par value system, while others favour floating rates without any significant management. In 1975 a compromise that gives each country freedom to adopt the exchange rate arrangements of its choice was made. More recently, however, a large movement has occurred in the exchange rates of some major currencies, including the world’s trading and reserve currency, the dollar. The present article examines what has happened, how the working of the exchange rate regime could be improved, and what concrete measures commend themselves for the period ahead. JEL: E42
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 125 (1978)
title: The emergence of Escherichia coli with CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Karisik, Edi
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2007

description: In the past decade, multi-resistant Escherichia coli with CTX-M enzymes have rapidly become the leading producers of extended-spectrum β-Iactamases (ESBLs) worldwide. E. coli with CTX-M-15 β-Iactamases are the most common, and are now endemic in many UK hospitals and in the community. Their epidemiology is complex, including five major epidemic clones as defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, as well as many unrelated producers. This study sought to characterise, at a molecular level, E. coli isolates with CTX-M ESBLs and to investigate their nationwide dissemination, so as to identify the basis for the clinical success of thest? organisms. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the multi-drug resistance phrnotype of representative isolates with CTX-M enzymes were explored and compared, as were their phylogenetic and virulence backgrounds. The genetic support and environment of the various blaCTX-M genes were also investigated.

 The multi-drug resistance of E. coli with CTX-M enzymes was principally encoded by single plasmids, generally self-transferable. Among producers of CTX-M-15 enzyme, and regardless of their host strain's epidemic status, these plasmids were closely-related (IncFII) and encoded most often blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1 along blaCTX-M-15, as well as aac(6')-Ib-cr, aac(3)-IIa and tet(A). The most prevalent UK clone (A) expressed a lower level of CTX-M-15 enzyme than most other producers, probably owing to an IS26 element located downstream of the gene's normal promoter. Its CTX-M-15-encoding plasmid was not self-transferable in-vitro, but carried twelve genes effecting resistance to eight classes of antibiotics, as well as genes for virulence determinents. Most E. coli with CTX-M enzymes, including the major epidemic clones, belonged to the virulence-associated phylogenetic group B2 or D, but did not harbour more virulence determinants than B2 isolates with non-CTX-M ESBLs. Although related, three slightly distinct virulence profiles were apparent for clonal and non-clonal isolates with CTX-M-15 enzymes.

In conclusion, CTX-M ESBLs have rapidly spread in the UK among virulent E. coli isolates, aided by horizontal transfer of multi-resistance plasmids, as well as by clonal spread of epidemic producer strains. Their dissemination worryingly undermines the success of antibiotic therapy, especially in community patients, where few oral options remain.
On the relationship between effective demand and income distribution in a Kaleckian framework
Creators: name: HALEVI, J.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Kalecki, reproduction, profits, consumption goods, inventories, supply function, oligopolistic pricing
subject: E25, E11, E12, B50

description: The work takes up some issues raised by Kalecki in his posthumously published article “Class struggle and distribution of national income”. By using Marx’s schemes of reproduction, Kalecki was able to prove that, in a given short period, a part of the wage bill is positively related to the level of profits in the consumption goods sector and through the latter, to the level of aggregate profits. Following Kalecki’s methodology of a two sector Marxian model, the author introduces inventories into the framework. In order to do so critical analysis of the supply functions postulated in most of his earlier works on oligopolistic pricing is provided. It is then demonstrated how even under the most favourable short-run technological conditions, bottlenecks may arise depending on the price/cost relation and on the level of inventories in the way described by Hicks. Finally, capital accumulation is introduced into the framework and it is argued that longer run inventories play a much reduced role. JEL: E25, E11, E12, B50
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 125 (1978)
Export instability. A rejoinder
Creators: name: ASKARI, H.
name: WEIL, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Export instability, Leslie Stein
subject: F49

description: This brief note serves as a response to a recent contribution by Leslie Stein on the debate on the issue of export instability in which he disregarded the author’s findings from a previous work. Here, the authors seek to clarify their methodology and point out a misunderstanding on the part of Stein. JEL: F49
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 125 (1978)
Auf zur Schatzinsel! – Ein Regelspiel zur Erfassung mathematischer Kompetenzen im 1. Zyklus Addition und Subtraktion bis 20 – Ablösung vom zählenden Rechnen
Creators: name: Oberholzer, Eveline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Mathematikunterricht
Zyklus 1
Masterarbeit

description: Inwiefern kann ein Regelspiel für Kinder im 1. Zyklus entwickelt werden, das sich für die Förderdiagnostik im Bereich der Addition und Subtraktion bis 20 eignet und die Ablösung vom zählenden Rechnen unterstützt? Dieser Fragenkomplex wird in der vorliegenden Masterarbeit erörtert. Basierend auf einer Literaturrecherche zu den Themen Regelspiel, Ablösung vom zählenden Rechnen
 und Förderdiagnostik wurde ein zweiteiliges Erfassungsinstrument geschaffen: ein den Merkmalen eines Spiels nach Hauser (2017) entsprechendes Regelspiel mathematischen Inhalts – mit Varianten – und eine Lernstandserfassung. Das Erfassungsinstrument liegt als Handbuch mit Kopiervorlagen vor. Drei Schulische Heilpädagoginnen erprobten es in der Praxis mit Zweitklässlern. Das Regelspiel bewerten sie positiv, während sie bei der Lernstandserfassung noch Potenzial für eine Weiterentwicklung und Optimierung sehen.
1974, a downturn of the long wave?
Creators: name: DUPRIEZ, L.H.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 1974, long-term economic downturn, recession, long wave
subject: N14, N24

description: As its title suggests, the work looks at whether 1974 is a downturn of a long economic movement. In order to answer this question, the author first justifies the hypothesis that the years 1945 to 1973 represented a long upward swing. The focal point of a decisive turn in the long wave, 1972-1974, is then considered. Finally, the prevalence of downswing phenomena since 1974 is assessed. JEL: N14, N24
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 126 (1978)
title: Multidrug resistance proteins (MRP) transport the cytokine/nuclear protein High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) across membranes
Creators: name: Latorre, Elisa
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2007

description: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a mobile chromatin protein that can relocate into the external environment and act as a cytokine. HMGB1 cellular release can be passive, by cell necrosis, or active, by living cells after a specific stimulus is received. HMGB1 does not possess a leader sequence, a sequence usually present at the Nterminus of secreted proteins that is sufficient to address them through the ER/Golgi exocytic pathway. This work focused on the molecular mechanism by which HMGB1, as a leaderless protein, can be actively exocytosed by living cells. HMGB1 undergoes post-translational modifications that allow it to move to various cellular SUb-compartments: 1) Translocation from the nucleus to the cytosol 2) Loading inside exocytic vesicles (secretory Iysosomes) 3) Release into the extracellular milieu by vesicle degranulation. The post-translational modification involved in the first translocation step was already known to be lysine acetylation. Here I demonstrate the necessity of cysteine glutathionylation for the translocation inside secretory Iysosomes, and the direct involvement of Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRP/ABCC) in the transport process. I started with the observation that HMGB1 and IL-1 beta, another leaderless cytokine, do colocalize inside secretory Iysosomes in macrophages, and that a pharmacological inhibitor of IL-1beta exocytosis, glybenclamide, inhibits HMGB1 release too. Glybenclamide is a general inhibitor of the ABC transporter Superfamily, a large family of transmembrane proteins that transport ions, drugs and small peptides. Based on the sensitivity or insensitivity to different drugs, the HMGB1 transporter was likely to belong to ABC C group. Overexpression of MRP1/ABCC1, MRP2/ABCC2 and MRP3/ABCC3 endows activated cells with the ability to secrete HMGB 1. Moreover, macrophages from Mrp1-1- mice have impaired HMGB1 exocytosis. I also suggest that HMGB1 is unfolded during its translocation. MRP transporters are known to recognize glutathionylated substrates. Indeed, HMGB1 can be glutathionylated, and depletion of the glutathione intracellular pool impairs HMGB1 secretion. MRP transporters can be overexpressed in drug resistant tumour cells, where they pump chemotherapeutic agents out of the cell. I suggest that cells that are drug-resistant because of MRP1 overexpression might also secrete HMGB1.
Extreme Space Weather Events Recorded in History
Creators: name: Hayakawa, Hisashi
name: Ebihara, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This section shows an overview of a recent development of the studies on great space weather events in history. Its discussion starts from the Carrington event and compare its intensity with the extreme storms within the coverage of the regular magnetic measurements. Extending its analyses back beyond their onset, this section shows several case studies of extreme storms with sunspot records in the telescopic observations and candidate auroral records in historical records. Before the onset of telescopic observations, this section shows the chronological coverages of the records of unaided-eye sunspot and candidate aurorae and several case studies on their basis.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, written in Japanese, a Japanese article for a part of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Prediction, in press
Emotionsregulation mit musikalischer Erziehung- wie Kindergartenkinder mit internalisierenden Verhaltensauffälligkeiten gefördert werden können Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse
Creators: name: Kornfehl, Eveline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Schulische Heilpädagogik
Musiktherapie
Verhaltensauffälliges Kind
Masterarbeit

description: Wie können Kindergartenkinder in der Emotionsregulation bei internalisierenden Verhaltensauffälligkeiten mit musikalischer Erziehung im Bereich Singen und Bewegen gefördert werden? Zur Beantwortung der Fra-gestellung wurde u.a. wissenschaftliche Literatur über die Emotionsregulation bei internalisierenden Verhal-tensauffälligkeiten mit musikalischer Erziehung inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Emotionsregulation durch Singen und Musik positiv unterstützt und gefördert werden kann. Musik wird als ein ideales Medium dargestellt, zu der die Kinder einen natürlichen, freudvollen Zugang haben. Mit verschiedenen Emotionsregulationsstrategien entwickelt das Kind in der Vorschule eine eigenständige Emotionsregulation. Nach der Beantwortung der Fragestellung wird der Bezug zur Praxis hergestellt.
Effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in obese nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients: analysis of electronic health record data
Creators: name: Costa, Olivia S.
name: Beyer-Westendorf, Jan
name: Ashton, Veronica
name: Milentijevic, Dejan
name: Moore, Kenneth Todd
name: Bunz, Thomas J.
name: Coleman, Craig I.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Background: Although rivaroxaban has demonstrated consistent drug levels in normal weight and obese patients, sufficient confirmation of equal clinical effectiveness and safety is currently lacking. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism (SSE) in obese nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients. Methods: Using Optum de-identified Electronic Health Record (EHR) data from November 2011 to September 2018,we evaluated NVAF patients with a body mass index (BMI)≥30 kg/m2 newly initiated on rivaroxaban or warfarin (index date), with ≥12-months of EHR activity and ≥1 encounter before the index date. We excluded patients with valvular disease or evidence of oral anticoagulant (OAC) use at baseline. Patients who were prescribed rivaroxaban were 1:1 propensity-score matched to patients who were prescribed warfarin (standard differences <0.10 achieved for all covariates). Outcomes included SSE and major bleeding using an intent-to-treat approach. Subanalyses stratified by BMI (30.0–34.9, 35.0–39.9 and ≥40 kg/m2) were performed. Cox regression was performed and reported as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We included 35,613 rivaroxaban and 35,613 warfarin users with NVAF. Patients were followed for a median of 2.6 years (25%-75% range = 1.2–4.1). Rivaroxaban was associated with a reduced risk of SSE (HR = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.73–0.94) and major bleeding (HR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.75–0.89) compared to warfarin. Subanalysis did not show a statistically significant interaction across BMI categories for SSE (p-interaction = .58) or major bleeding (p-interaction = .44) outcomes. Conclusions: Among obese NVAF patients, prescription of rivaroxaban was associated with a reduced risk of SSE and major bleeding compared to warfarin, which remained consistent across BMI classes.
15 Plus für Jugendliche mit schwererund mehrfacher Behinderung Ein Vorschlag zur Ergänzung des Rahmenkonzepts 15 Plus
Creators: name: Nigg-Sunderji, Sabira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Schwerbehinderung
Kind
Jugend
Masterarbeit

description: Die Umsetzung von 15 Plus ist für Jugendliche mit schwerer und mehrfacher Behinderung eine Herausforderung. Das VSA gibt in diesem Bereich wenig Anhaltspunkte bezüglich Gestaltung der Berufs- und Lebensvorbereitung. Vieles ist den Schulen überlassen. Diese Entwicklungsarbeit soll eine Ergänzung zum bestehenden Rahmenkonzept sein und so die Berufs- und Lebensvorbereitung am Förderbedarf von schwer- und mehrfachbehinderten Jugendlichen anpassen. Der Vorschlag basiert auf Vorgaben des VSA, Theorien der Schwerbehindertenpädagogik und Konzeptbeispielen. Die daraus resultierenden Bausteine sollen eine Unterstützung zum Schreiben von Konzepten sein wie auch die praktische Umsetzung erleichtern. Die Überprüfung der Bausteine auf ihre Praxistauglichkeit erfolgte durch Experteninterviews. Zusätzlich wurde zur Überprüfung mittels dieser Bausteine eine Konzeptskizze für eine Werkstufe erarbeitet.
The reference rate proposal and recent experience
Creators: name: ETHIER, W.
name: BLOOMFIELD, A.I.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Floating exchange rates, manipulation, regulation, Reference Rate Proposal, targets approach
subject: E42

description: Since the introduction of floating exchange rates in 1973, concern has been periodically expressed regarding the potential for exchange rate manipulation. As a result, rules to govern the management of the float have been proposed by leading industrial nations. The present work examines the various proposals that have been put forward to regulate the management of the float. The authors then survey recent international monetary experience in the light of these proposals. Finally, they elaborate and develop their previous Reference Rate Proposal, the first of the plans that have come to be collectively labelled as “targets approach” in which a role is assigned to official exchange-rate norms. JEL: E42
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 126 (1978)
Constraints on syntactic adaptation from a failure to generalise to the subject-object ambiguity
Creators: name: Kuz, Varvara
name: Guo, Buhan
name: Liu, Ya
name: Zhang, Conghao
name: Zhang, Yuqian
name: Santi, Andrea
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Adaptation to garden path processing has been observed when processing immediately follows a nonsyntactic conflict (Stroop) trial, demonstrating domain-general conflict adaptation. Likewise, adaptation to garden path processing has been observed progressively over an experiment with incremental exposure. Two high-powered experiments tested generalisability of both forms of adaptation to the subject/object garden path within the same dataset. Each trial included a Stroop task followed by self-paced sentence reading. Experiment 1 had 50% co-occurrence between a subordinate-first clause and early closure, which then increased to 100% in Experiment 2, making the subordinate clause a reliable cue. While Stroop and ambiguity effects were observed, neither adaptation effects were. Trial-level conflict adaptation may be constrained to particular paradigms (e.g. visual world) or across conflicts of the same representational format (e.g. syntactic-to-syntactic conflicts). Absence of experiment-level adaptation suggests constraints on changes to our expectations for late closure and/or a less probable but frequent parse.
Monetarism: economic analysis or Weltanschauung?
Creators: name: MAYER, T.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Economic ideology, Weltanschauung, monetarism, economic analysis
subject: E50, E52, E58

description: Economic doctrines constitute both economic analysis and a Weltanschauung or ideology. In this paper the author seeks to separate the components of monetarism into those that are economic analysis and those that represent a broader Weltanschauung. Separating the disagreements about various monetarist propositions into issues of economic analysis, suppositions and issues of Weltanschauung is useful because it sorts out those issues on which economists can make a claim to special expertise from those for which this claim is not justified. The author takes twelve propositions that characterise American domestic monetarism and discusses the extent to which each one has the characteristics of a Weltanschauung rather than an economic supposition or an issue of narrow economic analysis. JEL: E50, E52, E58
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 126 (1978)
title: Immune responses to polymorphic antigens and protection against severe malaria in Kenyan children
Creators: name: Osier, Faith Hope Among'in
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2008

description: The mechanisms by which individuals acquire immunity to malaria are poorly understood and although antibodies are thought to be central, evidence that specific anti-malarial antibodies are associated with protection from clinical episodes of malaria has been conflicting.

I hypothesized that the breadth (number of important targets to which antibodies were made) and magnitude (antibody level measured in a random serum sample) of the antibody response were important predictors of protection from clinical malaria. I also investigated whether allele-specific antibodies protected children from developing clinical'episodes of malaria associated with parasites bearing homologous alleles.

I analyzed naturally-acquired antibodies to five leading P.falciparum merozoite stagevaccine candidate antigens, and schizont extract, in Kenyan children monitored longitudinally for mild and severe malaria. I also genotyped parasites from clinical episodes to investigate allele-specific antibody-mediated immunity.

Serum antibody levels to apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1), and merozoite surface protein antigens (MSP-l block 2, MSP-2, MSP-3) were inversely related to the probability of developing malaria, but levels to MSP-119 and erythrocyte binding antigen (EBA-17S) were not. The risk of mild malaria was also inversely associated with increasing breadth of antibody specificities, with none of the children who simultaneously had high antibody levels to five or more antigens experiencing a clinical episode, (17/119,15%) P=O.0006. Particular combinations of antibodies (AMA1, MSP-2, MSP-3) were more strongly predictive of protection than others. The results were validated in a larger, separate case control study whose end-point was malaria severe enough to warrant hospital admission (n=387). I found little evidence that allele-specific antibodies conferred protection against clinical episodes associated with parasites bearing homologous alleles.

These findings suggest that under natural exposure, immunity to malaria may result from high titre antibodies to multiple antigenic targets and support the idea of testing combination blood stage vaccines optimized to induce similar antibody profiles.
Labour costs and employment in Italy and the E.E.C.
Creators: name: CAVALLARI, F.
name: FAUSTINI, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italy, labour costs, employment, comparison, income distribution
subject: E24, J30

description: The present article examines Italy’s position with respect to labour costs and employment in comparison with other member countries of the EEC. First, labour costs per unit of output and the role in the formation of costs and prices are analysed. Changes in exchange rates and their corrective effects on competitively are then considered. The domestic distribution of income in relation to levels of remuneration for wage and salary earners to the total number of employees and to the level of per capita income is also dealt with. Finally, links between wage trends, productivity trends and employment rates are examined in relation to domestic economic conditions. JEL: E24, J30
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 31, N. 126 (1978)
Freispiel – freies Spiel? oder Wenn Kinder nicht von sich aus spielen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Spielbegleitung im Förderbereich geistige Entwicklung
Creators: name: Ulmer, Michaela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Spiel
Geistige Behinderung
Masterarbeit

description: Diese Literaturarbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema des freien Spiels im Fachbereich geistige Entwicklung. Wie kann es gelingen, Wahlmöglichkeiten, Unterstützung und Förderung mit Spiel, durch Spiel und innerhalb von Spiel in einem ausgewogenen Miteinander umzusetzen? Um sicher handeln zu können und eine fachlich fundierte und emphatische Begleitung im Spiel auch gezielt einzubringen ist es wichtig, Konzepte, Interventionsmöglichkeiten, Handlungsstrategien und therapeutische Ansätze auch zu kennen. Spiel unter erschwerten Bedingungen – eine echte Herausforderung. In dieser Auseinandersetzung werden mögliche Probleme analysiert, unterschiedliche Sichtweisen einander gegenübergestellt, Verbindendes herausgearbeitet und daraus Schlüsse für die praktische Arbeit gezogen. Dabei zeigt sich die Wichtigkeit des freien Spiels nicht nur – aber gerade auch für Kinder mit einer Behinderung.
Communication, Dynamical Resource Theory, and Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Hsieh, Chung-Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, new insights have been obtained by jointly studying communication and resource theory. This interplay consequently serves as a potential platform for interdisciplinary studies. To continue this line, we analyze the role of dynamical resources in a communication setup, and further apply our analysis to thermodynamics. To start with, we study classical communication scenarios constrained by a given resource, in the sense that the information processing channel is unable to supply additional amounts of the resource. We show that the one-shot classical capacity is upper bounded by resource preservability, which is a measure of the ability to preserve the resource. A lower bound can be further obtained when the resource is asymmetry. As an application, unexpectedly, under a recently-studied thermalization model, we found that the smallest bath size needed to thermalize all outputs of a Gibbs-preserving coherence-annihilating channel upper bounds its one-shot classical capacity. When the channel is coherence non-generating, the upper bound is given by a sum of coherence preservability and the bath size of the channel's incoherent version. In this sense, bath sizes can be interpreted as the thermodynamic cost of transmitting classical information. This finding provides a dynamical analogue of Landauer's principle, and therefore bridges classical communication and thermodynamics. As another implication, we show that, in bipartite settings, classically correlated local baths can admit classical communication even when both local systems are completely thermalized. Hence, thermalizations can transmit information by accessing only classical correlation as a resource. Our results demonstrate interdisciplinary applications enabled by dynamical resource theory.
description: 6+17 pages; 1+1 figures. New results are added compared with the previous version
Vestibular connectivity to soleus motor units during quiet stance
Creators: name: Lee Son, Gregory Martin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) applied to humans engaged in a postural task evokes a distinct biphasic response in the soleus muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate vestibular connectivity to individual soleus motor units in quiet standing humans. Subjects were instructed to stand quietly with their heads facing forward, eyes open, and feet together. GVS perturbations (4 mA, 30 msec pulses) were delivered bilaterally to the mastoid processes in a bipolar, binaural configuration. Surface and intramuscular wire electromyography (EMG) were recorded from the right soleus muscle. Surface EMG responses were trigger-averaged to the onset of the GVS pulse and quantified by determining onset latencies, peak-to-peak amplitudes, and peak latencies. Single motor units were identified using a template-matching algorithm. Post-stimulus time histograms (PSTHs) were created for each motor unit using GVS as the trigger (time = 0). PSTHs were analyzed using 2 msec bins to determine the number of occurrences the motor unit fired at specific post-trigger latencies. Individual motor unit responses to GVS differed between various units recorded in soleus. Certain motor units were influenced by GVS and exhibited a characteristic biphasic response in their PSTH at latencies of -80 and -120 msec. In contrast, other motor units were not influenced by GVS and therefore exhibited a constant probability of firing. Motor unit triggered-averages (MUTAs) were created from trigger-averaging the surface EMGs to the onset of the individual motor unit firing. Motor units that were influenced by the descending vestibular volley produced MUTAs that were 1.6x greater in peak-to-peak amplitude than the non-influenced motor units. The observations suggest that in humans, vestibular input projects non-unifonnly on the soleus motomeuron pool with a bias towards higher threshold motor units.