Tracheophyta
Creators: name: Araújo, Diogo
name: Alves, Marccus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta

description: Key to the identification of the climbing plants of Igarassu based on flowering material
Note that for species of the Sapindaceae flowering plant family, fruiting characters are included as these are essential for identification to species.
1. Tendrils present, but not associated with the inflorescence.......................................................................................... 2
1. Tendrils not present, or where present unbranched .................................................................................................... 34
2. Leaves opposite............................................................................................................................................................. 3
2. Leaves alternate ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
3. Leaves simple ................................................................................................................................ Strychnos parviflora
3. Leaves compound. ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
4. Branches of the inflorescence flattened in cross-section, the calyx spathe-like… .............. Phryganocydia corymbosa
4. Branches of the inflorescence circular in cross-section, the calyx campanulate .......................................................... 5
5. Glands of the calyx 5, discoid, present on the calyx outer surface (Fig. 2A); corolla yellow, anthers glabrous............ ........................................................................................................................................... Adenocalymma hypostictum
5. Glands absent from the outer surface of the calyx; corolla red to pink, anthers hairy .......................... Lundia cordata
6. Leaves simple or 1-foliolate compound........................................................................................................................ 7
6. Leaves compound and with more than one leaflet ..................................................................................................... 26
7. Flowers zygomorphic ................................................................................................................................................... 8
7. Flowers actinomorphic ................................................................................................................................................. 9
8. Basal third of the leaflet connate; bracts reniform; petal outer surface completely hairy ............... Phanera outimouta
8. Basal two-thirds of the leaflets connate; bracts linear-lanceolate; petals outer surface hairy only along the midvein .. ..................................................................................................................................................... Phanera trichosepala
9. Tendrils opposite the leaves (Fig. 3A) ............................................................................................... Cissus verticillata
9. Tendrils axillary to the leaves, either in the leaf sheath (appearing emergent from the petiole) or at the base of the inflorescence (Fig. 3B, C, D, F, G) ............................................................................................................................. 10
10. Tendrils 2, at the apex of the leaf sheath (appearing emergent from the petiole, Fig. 3G) ................ Smilax syphilitica
10. Tendril 1, in the leaf’s axils or borne at an acute angle to the petiole (Fig. 3D) ........................................................ 11
11. Flowers unisexual ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
11. Flowers bisexual ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
12. Calyx urceolate (Fig. 2B); stamens 2.......................................................................................................................... 13
12. Calyx infundibuliform or campanulate (Fig. 2C); stamens 3 ..................................................................................... 15
13. Leaves 5-lobate; anthers straight ....................................................................................................... Psiguria umbrosa
13. Leaves 1–3-lobate; anthers twice-folded from the base ............................................................................................. 14
14. Lobes of the calyx longer than the lobes of the corolla ................................................................... Gurania acuminata
14. Lobes of the calyx shorter than the lobes of the corolla ................................................................... Gurania spinulosa
15. Flowers solitary ............................................................................................................................ Momordica charantia
15. Flowers borne in clusters (racemes) ........................................................................................................................... 16
16. Adaxial surface of the leaves with stiff recurved hairs; flowers grouped in lax, larger than 2cm long racemes, bearing more than 3 flowers ............................................................................................................................ Cayaponia tayuya
16. Leaves glabrous; flowers grouped in congested, up to 2cm, racemes bearing less than 3 flowers (Fig. 2D) ................ ..................................................................................................................................................... Melothria fluminensis
17. Ovary inferior ....................................................................................................................................... Gouania virgata
17. Ovary superior ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
18. Plant hairy; petals absent ................................................................................................................ Passiflora suberosa
18. Plant glabrous; petals 5 ............................................................................................................................................... 19
19. Leaves entire ............................................................................................................................................................... 20
19. Leaves lobate .............................................................................................................................................................. 22
20. Flowers grouped in racemes; styles 4 .................................................................................................. Passiflora ovalis
20. Flowers solitary or in pairs; styles 3 ........................................................................................................................... 21
21. Stem 4-angulate; petiole with 2–6 sessile glands ................................................................................. Passiflora alata
21. Stem cylindrical; petiole with 2 stalked glands ............................................................................... Passiflora galbana
22. Stems 2-angulate; leaves bearing 8–12 circular glands on the adaxial surface .................................. Passiflora misera
22. Stems not angulate; leaves eglandular ........................................................................................................................ 23
23. Leaves 5-lobate ............................................................................................................................. Passiflora cincinnata
23. Leaves 3-lobate ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
24. Petiole with 2 sessile glands ................................................................................................................ Passiflora edulis
24. Petiole with 2–6 stalked glands .................................................................................................................................. 25
25. Apex of the leaves and stipules mucronate; bracts lanceolate, green… ..................................... Passiflora watsoniana
25. Apex of the leaves and stipules truncate; bracts obovate, pink ..................................................... Passiflora edmundoi
26. Tendrils opposite to the leaves (Fig. 3A) .................................................................................................... Cissus erosa
26. Tendrils in the axils of the leaves or at the base of the inflorescence (Fig. 3B, C, D, F, G)....................................... 27
27. Flowers actinomorphic ............................................................................................................................................... 28
27. Flowers zygomorphic ................................................................................................................................................. 29
28. Calyx narrow in its length, geen, glabrous ........................................................................................ Psiguria triphylla
28. Calyx wide at basis with narrowed entering, orange, hairy .......................................................... Gurania bignoniacea
29. Fruit divided into three samaras.................................................................................................................................. 30
29. Fruit a simple capsule ................................................................................................................................................. 31
30. Sepals with velvety margin (Fig. 2G) ....................................................................................... Serjania subimpunctata
30. Sepals entirely glabrescent or glabrous (Fig. 2H) ........................................................................ Serjania salzmaniana
31. Fruit without wings ............................................................................................................................. Paullinia pinnata
31. Fruit with wings.......................................................................................................................................................... 32
32. Fruit with one wing ................................................................................................................... Machaerium aculeatum
32. Fruit with three wings ................................................................................................................................................. 33
33. Leaf margin entire; wings of the fruit obovate, apiculate (Fig. 2E) ................................................ Paullinia racemosa
33. Leaf margin dentate; wings of the fruit elliptical, not apiculate (Fig. 2F) ......................................... Paullinia trigonia
34. Leaves opposite or verticillate .................................................................................................................................... 35
34. Leaves alternate .......................................................................................................................................................... 50
35. Flowers grouped into a capitate compound inflorescence ................................................................... Mikania obovata
35. Flowers grouped but not into a capitate compound inflorescences ............................................................................ 36
36. Nectariferous disk conspicuous, surrounding the ovary............................................................................................. 37
36. Nectariferous disk inconspicuous or absent............................................................................................................... 38
37. Plant with hairs that are rough to the touch .............................................................................. Prionostemma asperum
37. Plant without hairs or with hairs that are not rough to the touch ................................................ Hippocratea vollubilis
38. Petiole glandular, glands 2, discoid ............................................................................................................................ 39
38. Petiole glandular or eglandular, where glandular glands not discoid ......................................................................... 41
39. Glands 2 at the base of the petiole (Fig. 2J) ............................................................................. Heteropterys nordestina
39. Glands 2 at the apex of the petiole (Fig. 2I) ............................................................................................................... 40
40. Surface abaxial of the leave hirsute ........................................................................................ Stigmaphyllon blanchetii
40. Surface abaxial of the leave glabrous ...................................................................................... Stigmaphyllon salzmanii
41. Stipules borne between the petioles ........................................................................................................ Sabicea grisea
41. Stipules not borne between the petioles...................................................................................................................... 42
42. Flowers actinomorphic, the number of stamens more than double the number of petals ......................................... 43
42. Flowers zygomorphic, the number of stamens double, equal, or less than number of petals .................................... 48
43. Petiole twining; latex absent; stigma feather-like .................................................................................. Clematis dioica
43. Petiole not twining; latex present; stigma not plumose .............................................................................................. 44
44. Plant glabrous ............................................................................................................................................................. 45
44. Plants hairy ................................................................................................................................................................. 46
45. Leaves oblong-elliptic; glands 2, broader at the base (Fig. 2K) ................................................... Blepharodon nitidum
45. Leaves obovate; glands 2,not broader at the base (Fig. 2L) ................................................. Mandevilla moricandiana
46. Glands absent from the leaf lamina ............................................................................................. Temnadenia odorifera
46. Glands 2–6, borne on the leaf lamina ......................................................................................................................... 47
47. Glands 2–6, borne along the midvein ............................................................................................... Mandevilla scabra
47. Glands 2–6, borne at the base of the midvein (Fig. 2M) ................................................................... Matelea maritima
48. Corolla with wholly distinct petals; stamens 10 ....................................................................... Niedenzuella acutifolia
48. Corolla with wholly or partially fused petals; stamen 4 ............................................................................................ 49
49. Plant herbaceous; petiole winged; flowers orange ............................................................................. Thunbergia alata
49. Plant woody; petiole not winged; flowers white (Fig. 4I and J)… ......................................... Mendoncia blanchetiana
50. Ochrea present (Fig. 2N) ............................................................................................................. Coccoloba ochreolata
50. Ochrea absent.............................................................................................................................................................. 51
51. Leaves compound ....................................................................................................................................................... 52
51. Leaves simple or compound unifoliolate.................................................................................................................... 71
52. Palms. Terminal leaflets reduced, stiff and hook-like (Fig. 4A)................................................................................. 53
52. Not palms. Terminal leaflets not hook-like, foliaceus ................................................................................................ 54
53. Raphe unarmed, leaflets unarmed or sometimes armed with thorns at the base of the leaflets; apex of bracts covered in narrow thorns (Fig. 4B) ..................................................................................................... Desmoncus orthacanthos
53. Raphe and abaxial surface of the leaflets armed with stiff and twisted thorns; apex of bracts covered in pustular thorns (Fig. 4C) ...................................................................................................................... Desmoncus polyacanthos
54. Inflorescences opposite to the leaves.......................................................................................................... Cissus erosa
54. Inflorescences never opposite to the leaves................................................................................................................ 55
55. Leaves digitate ............................................................................................................................. Merremia macrocalyx
55. Leaves with 3 or more leaflets, never digitate ............................................................................................................ 56
56. Prickles or thorns present ................................................................................................................ Senegalia tenuifolia
56. Prickles or thorns absent ............................................................................................................................................. 57
57. Calyx 2-lobate/divided................................................................................................................................................ 58
57. Calyx 4 or 5 lobed....................................................................................................................................................... 60
58. Surface abaxial of the leave glabrous ........................................................................................... Canavalia parviflora
58. Surface abaxial of the leave glabrescent to pubescent................................................................................................ 59
59. Calyx lobes of differing lengths .................................................................................................. Canavalia braziliensis
59. Calyx lobes of uniform length ......................................................................................................... Canavalia dictyota
60. Calyx 5 lobed .............................................................................................................................................................. 61
60. Calyx 4 lobed ............................................................................................................................................................. 68
61. Calyx including a spur ................................................................................................................................................ 62
61. Calyx lacking a spur ................................................................................................................................................... 63 62. Stem cylindrical in cross-section; calyx lobes unequal in size, the larger lobe twice the length of the calyx tube, flowers lilac ................................................................................................................................ Centrosema pubescens
62. Stem angulate in cross-section; calyx lobes equal in size, the lobes not twice the length of the calyx tube; flowers yellow ........................................................................................................................................... Centrosema plumieri
63. Bracteole caducous; calyx campanulate ..................................................................................................................... 64
63. Bracteole persistent; calyx tubular.............................................................................................................................. 65
64. Stems bearing lenticels, glabrous; leaflets lanceolate .................................................................... Connarus blanchetii
64. Stem lacking lenticels, hairy; leaflets ovate ............................................................................... Rynchosia pyramidalis
65. Stigma straight ....................................................................................................................................... Clitoria falcata
65. Stigma twisted............................................................................................................................................................. 66
66. Corolla wings conspicually larger than the standard ............................................................ Macropitilium prostratum
66. Corolla wings never larger than the standard ............................................................................................................. 67
67. Plants glabrous; bracteoles stiff, adpressed to the rachis ........................................................................... Vigna luteola
67. Plants hirsute; bracteoles membranaceous, free ..................................................................................... Vigna vexillata
68. Lobes of the calyx of differingt lengths (Fig. 4D) .............................................................................. Mucuna pruriens
68. Lobes of the calyx of uniform length.......................................................................................................................... 69
69. Plants herbaceous ..................................................................................................................... Centrosema brazilianum
69. Plants woody............................................................................................................................................................... 70
70. Stem hairy; calyx glabrous .................................................................................................................... Dioclea virgata
70. Stem glabrous; calyx hairy .................................................................................................................. Dioclea violacea
71. Flowers grouped in a flower-like inflorescence ......................................................................................................... 72
71. Flowers borne in racemes, panicles, glomerules or solitary ....................................................................................... 75
72. Flowers arranged into a capitate head .................................................................................... Cyrtocymura scorpioides
72. Inflroescence protected by two bright involucral bracts, flowers not arranged into a capitulum.
73. Involucral bracts entire (Fig 4E) ....................................................................................... Dalechampia convolvuloides
73. Involucral bracts 3-lobate ........................................................................................................................................... 74
74. Stipules linear-subulate; seeds rough, dark-brown (Fig 4F) .................................................. Dalechampia braziliensis
74. Stipules reniform; seeds smooth, light-brown (Fig 4F) .................................................. Dalechampia pernambucensis
75. Flowers unisexual ....................................................................................................................................................... 76
75. Flowers bisexual ......................................................................................................................................................... 80
76. Hairs urticating; flowers of both sexes borne in the same inflorescence.................................................................... 77
76. Hairs not urticating, when present; male and female flowers borne in separate inflorescences ................................ 78
77. Leaves 5-veined .................................................................................................................................... Tragia volubilis
77. Leaves 3-veined ................................................................................................................................ Tragia lessertiana
78. Plants dioecious; nectariferous disk present; ovary inferior ........................................................ Dioscorea marginata
78. Plants monoecious; nectariferous disk absent; ovary superior ................................................................................... 79
79. Leaves peltate; bracts cordate; stamens fused at their base, sessile ........................................ Cissampelos glaberrima
79. Leaves not peltate; bracts filiform; stamens fused at their base, stalked ............................. Cissampelos andromorpha
80. Flowers zygomorphic ................................................................................................................................................. 81
80. Flowers actninomorphic ............................................................................................................................................. 85
81. Perianth composed of distinct sepals and petals ......................................................................................................... 82
81. Perianth composed of tepals ....................................................................................................................................... 84
82. Papilionoid corolla ..................................................................................................................... Securidaca diversifolia
82. Corolla not papilionoid ............................................................................................................................................... 83
83. Basal third of the leaflets connate; bracts reniform; petals hairy over their entire surface ............. Phanera outimouta
83. Apical third of the leaflets connate; bracts linear-lanceolate; petals hairy along the midvein only ............................... ..................................................................................................................................................... Phanera trichosepala
84. Pseudo-stipules reniform; lip (expanded part of corolla tube) smooth .................................... Aristolochia braziliensis
84. Pseudo-stipules absent; lip (expanded part of corolla tube) papillose ........................................ Aristolochia papillaris
85. Flowers with completely separate petals .................................................................................................................... 86
85. Flowers with the petals fused...................................................................................................................................... 89
86. Flowers borne in axillary or cauliflorous glomerules .................................................................. Doliocarpus dentatus
86. Flowers borne in panicles or cymes............................................................................................................................ 87
87. Plant glabrous; inflorescences borne opposite to the leaves ............................................................. Cissus verticillada
87. Plant with rough hairs; inflorescences terminal.......................................................................................................... 88
88. Sepals unequal, inner two larger than the outer three, surrounding the flowers (Fig. 4H) ..................... Davilla aspera
88. Sepals equal, not surrounding the flowers ...................................................................................... Tetracera breyniana
89. Flowers solitary .............................................................................................................................. Operculina altissima
89. Flowers grouped in inforescences............................................................................................................................... 90 90. Stigma globose............................................................................................................................................................ 91
90. Stigma oblong ............................................................................................................................................................. 96
91. Leaves pinnatifid.............................................................................................................................. Ipomoea quamoclit
91. Leaves entire to 3–5 lobed .......................................................................................................................................... 92
92. Leaves sagitate; sepals with liguliform appendix on their inner surface.......................................... Ipomoea bahiensis
92. Leaves never sagitate; sepals without an appendix on their inner surface ................................................................. 93
93. Leaves 3–5-lobed; sepals corniculate ............................................................................................ Ipomoea hederifolia
93. Leaves entire; sepals not corniculate .......................................................................................................................... 94
94. Leaves and sepals glabrous................................................................................................................. Ipomoea obscura
94. Leaves and sepals hairy to velvety ............................................................................................................................. 95
95. Leaves elliptic; hairs golden .......................................................................................................... Bonamia maripoides
95. Leaves cordate; hairs white.................................................................................................................... Ipomoea martii
96. Plants velvety, hairs stellate ........................................................................................... Jacquemontia menispermoides
96. Plants glabrous to glabrescent, where glabrescent the hairs simple ............................................... Merremia umbelata
description: Published as part of Araújo, Diogo & Alves, Marccus, 2010, Climbing plants of a fragmented area of lowland Atlantic Forest, Igarassu, Pernambuco (northeastern Brazil), pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 8 on pages 5-12, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.8.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4893863