cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The first in-situ observation of torsional Alfven waves during the interaction of large-scale magnetic clouds
Creators: name: Raghav, Anil
name: Kule, Ankita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large-scale magnetic cloud such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is the fundamental driver of the space weather. The interaction of the multiple CMEs in interplanetary space affects their dynamic evolution and geo-effectiveness. The complex and merged multiple magnetic clouds appear as the in-situ signature of the interacting CMEs. The Alfven waves are speculated to be one of the major possible energy exchange/dissipation mechanism during the interaction. However, no such observational evidence has been found in the literature. The case studies of CME-CME collision events suggest that the magnetic and thermal energy of the CME is converted into the kinetic energy. Moreover, the magnetic reconnection process is justified to be responsible for the merging of multiple magnetic clouds. Here, we present unambiguous evidence of sunward torsional Alfven waves in the interacting region after the super-elastic collision of multiple CMEs. The Walen relation is used to confirm the presence of Alfven waves in the interacting region of multiple CMEs/magnetic clouds. We conclude that Alfven waves and magnetic reconnection are the possible energy exchange/dissipation mechanisms during large-scale magnetic clouds collisions. The present study has significant implications not only in CME-magnetosphere interactions but also in the interstellar medium where interactions of large-scale magnetic clouds are possible.
description: 8 pg, 3 figures
Additional file 2: of Identification of a novel Dlg2 isoform differentially expressed in IFNβ-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Creators: name: Shafaqat Ali
name: Hoven, Alexander
name: Dress, Regine
name: Schaal, Heiner
name: Alferink, Judith
name: Scheu, Stefanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Expression of Dlg2 in B cells. (PDF 446 kb)
Phase Collapse in Neural Networks
Creators: name: Guth, Florentin
name: Zarka, John
name: Mallat, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep convolutional classifiers linearly separate image classes and improve accuracy as depth increases. They progressively reduce the spatial dimension whereas the number of channels grows with depth. Spatial variability is therefore transformed into variability along channels. A fundamental challenge is to understand the role of non-linearities together with convolutional filters in this transformation. ReLUs with biases are often interpreted as thresholding operators that improve discrimination through sparsity. This paper demonstrates that it is a different mechanism called phase collapse which eliminates spatial variability while linearly separating classes. We show that collapsing the phases of complex wavelet coefficients is sufficient to reach the classification accuracy of ResNets of similar depths. However, replacing the phase collapses with thresholding operators that enforce sparsity considerably degrades the performance. We explain these numerical results by showing that the iteration of phase collapses progressively improves separation of classes, as opposed to thresholding non-linearities.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
Simply Connected 3-Manifolds with a Dense Set of Ends of Specified Genus
Creators: name: Garity, Dennis J.
name: Repovš, Dušan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54E45, 54F65, 57M30, 57N10

description: We show that for every sequence $(n_i)$, where each $n_i$ is either an integer greater than 1 or is $\infty$, there exists a simply connected open 3-manifold $M$ with a countable dense set of ends $\{e_i\}$ so that, for every $i$, the genus of end $e_i$ is equal to $n_i$. In addition, the genus of the ends not in the dense set is shown to be less than or equal to 2. These simply connected 3-manifolds are constructed as the complements of certain Cantor sets in $S^3$. The methods used require careful analysis of the genera of ends and new techniques for dealing with infinite genus.
Revealing room temperature ferromagnetism in exfoliated Fe$_5$GeTe$_2$ flakes with quantum magnetic imaging
Creators: name: Chen, Hang
name: Asif, Shahidul
name: Whalen, Matthew
name: Tamara-Isaza, Jeyson
name: Luetke, Brennan
name: Wang, Yang
name: Wang, Xinhao
name: Ayako, Millicent
name: Lamsal, Saurabh
name: May, Andrew F.
name: McGuire, Michael A.
name: Chakraborty, Chitraleema
name: Xiao, John Q.
name: Ku, Mark J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van der Waals material Fe$_5$GeTe$_2$, with its long-range ferromagnetic ordering near room temperature, has significant potential to become an enabling platform for implementing novel spintronic and quantum devices. To pave the way for applications, it is crucial to determine the magnetic properties when the thickness of Fe5GeTe2 reaches the few-layers regime. However, this is highly challenging due to the need for a characterization technique that is local, highly sensitive, artifact-free, and operational with minimal fabrication. Prior studies have indicated that Curie temperature TC can reach up to close to room temperature for exfoliated Fe$_5$GeTe$_2$ flakes, as measured via electrical transport; there is a need to validate these results with a measurement that reveals magnetism more directly. In this work, we investigate the magnetic properties of exfoliated thin flakes of van der Waals magnet Fe$_5$GeTe$_2$ via a quantum magnetic imaging technique based on nitrogen vacancy diamond. Through imaging the stray fields, we confirm room-temperature magnetic order in Fe$_5$GeTe$_2$ thin flakes with thickness down to 7 units cell. The stray field patterns and their response to magnetizing fields with different polarities point to a perpendicular easy-axis anisotropy. Furthermore, we perform imaging at different temperatures and determine the Curie temperature of the flakes at Tc~300 K. These results provide the basis for realizing a room-temperature monolayer ferromagnet with Fe$_5$GeTe$_2$. This work also demonstrates that the imaging technique enables a rapid screening of multiple flakes simultaneously, thereby paving the way towards high throughput characterization of potential 2D magnets near room temperature.
From black holes to white holes: a quantum gravitational, symmetric bounce
Creators: name: Olmedo, Javier
name: Saini, Sahil
name: Singh, Parampreet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a consistent non-perturbative quantization of the Schwarzschild interior resulting in a bounce from black hole to white hole geometry has been obtained by loop quantizing the Kantowski-Sachs vacuum spacetime. As in other spacetimes where the singularity is dominated by the Weyl part of the spacetime curvature, the structure of the singularity is highly anisotropic in the Kantowski-Sachs vacuum spacetime. As a result the bounce turns out to be in general asymmetric creating a large mass difference between the parent black hole and the child white hole. In this manuscript, we investigate under what circumstances a symmetric bounce scenario can be constructed in the above quantization. Using the setting of Dirac observables and geometric clocks we obtain a symmetric bounce condition which can be satisfied by a slight modification in the construction of loops over which holonomies are considered in the quantization procedure. These modifications can be viewed as quantization ambiguities, and are demonstrated in three different flavors which all lead to a non-singular black to white hole transition with identical masses. Our results show that quantization ambiguities can mitigate or even qualitatively change some key features of physics of singularity resolution. Further, these results are potentially helpful in motivating and constructing symmetric black to white hole transition scenarios.
description: 23 pages, 11 figs, Penrose-Carter diagram and references added, to appear in CQG
The missing ingredient: medical student insights to inform and enhance learner handover
Creators: name: Conway, Clare
name: McKeague, Helena
name: Harney, Sarah
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Learner handover (LH) is the passing on of information about students between educators. In light of broad acceptance that LH can improve learner support experiences and performance outcomes, those involved are seeking greater governance to achieve practical, effective handover implementation. Stakeholder consultation can inform and enable the co-creation of meaningful, robust practice guidance. This study sought to address the gap in literature around in-depth learner opinion, a key element so far overlooked.Methods: This qualitative study (2022) investigated undergraduate medical student perspectives on appropriate tutor information-sharing at the University of Limerick School of Medicine (ULSoM). The findings build upon an educator focus group study published by the authors (2021). Eleven participants were recruited to represent the typical graduate-entry medical school programme population across years 1–4 of study. Their understanding and expectations of “learner handover” were explored qualitatively, using online, individual, semi-structured interviews. Inductive transcript coding and thematic data analysis were applied to illustrate learner insights.Findings: Emergent themes included shared values, individual context and collaborative process, with ideas proposed for specific action around student education, staff training, mental health support, and documented procedures.Discussion: Consent, system transparency, data security and the development of positive handover culture were revealed as current needs. Student perspectives, together existing LH literature and highlighted aspects of educational theory, allowed the creation a new conceptual LH framework as a foundation for practice improvement.Conclusion: These findings provide clarity and contextual understanding, mainly from a pre-clinical phase learner standpoint, with pragmatic suggestions to enhance LH appeal.
Forgeable quantum messages in arbitrated quantum signature schemes
Creators: name: Kim, Taewan
name: Lee, Hyang-Sook
name: Lee, Soojoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the concept on `forgeable quantum messages' in arbitrated quantum signature schemes was introduced by T. Kim et al. [Phys. Scr., 90, 025101 (2015)], and it has been shown that there always exists such a forgeable quantum message for every known arbitrated quantum signature scheme with four quantum encryption operators and the specific two rotation operators. We first extend the result to the case of any two unitary rotation operators, and then consider the forgeable quantum messages in the schemes with four quantum encryption operators and three or more rotation operators. We here present a necessary and sufficient condition for existence of a forgeable quantum message, and moreover, by employing the condition, show that there exists an arbitrated quantum signature scheme which contains no forgeable quantum message-signature pairs.
description: 10 pages; Proposition 2 has been modified because of errors in the original version, but the errors have no effect on our results
Freudenthal duality of near-extremal black holes and Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Arghya
name: Mandal, Taniya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Freudenthal duality (F-duality), an anti-involution of charge vectors keep the entropy and attractor solutions invariant for an extremal supersymmetric black hole. In this paper, we analyze the effect of F-duality on the entropy of a near-extremal $STU$ black hole in $\mathcal{N}=2$ ungauged, four-dimensional supergravity. We consider double-extremal black holes, whose attractor solutions are fixed in terms of the black hole charges throughout the moduli space. It is well known that JT gravity governs the dynamics of the near-horizon regions of higher dimensional, near-extremal black holes. Owing to this fact, we reduce the four-dimensional supergravity theory to two dimensions to construct a Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity like model and compute the near-extremal entropy. We then analyze the effect of F-duality on this entropy. We show that the F-duality breaks down for the case of near-extremal solutions if one considers the duality operation generated through near-extremal entropy rather than the extremal one.
description: 20 pages; V2: Typos corrected, added some comments and references
The observational constraints on the flat $ϕ$CDM models
Creators: name: Avsajanishvili, Olga
name: Huang, Yiwen
name: Samushia, Lado
name: Kahniashvili, Tina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most dark energy models have the $Λ$CDM as their limit, and if future observations constrain our universe to be close to $Λ$CDM Bayesian arguments about the evidence and the fine-tuning will have to be employed to discriminate between the models. Assuming a baseline $Λ$CDM model we investigate a number of quintessence and phantom dark energy models, and we study how they would perform when compared to observational data, such as the expansion rate, the angular distance, and the growth rate measurements, from the upcoming Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. We sample posterior likelihood surfaces of these dark energy models with Monte Carlo Markov Chains while using central values consistent with the Planck $Λ$CDM universe and covariance matrices estimated with Fisher information matrix techniques. We find that for this setup the Bayes factor provides a substantial evidence in favor of the $Λ$CDM model over most of the alternatives. We also investigated how well the CPL parametrization approximates various scalar field dark energy models, and identified the location for each dark energy model in the CPL parameter space.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures; 4 tables; published in European Journal of Physics C
Additional file 4 of A nomogram incorporating functional and tubular damage biomarkers to predict the risk of acute kidney injury for septic patients
Creators: name: Ma, Jianchao
name: Deng, Yujun
name: Lao, Haiyan
name: Ouyang, Xin
name: Liang, Silin
name: Wang, Yifan
name: Yao, Fen
name: Deng, Yiyu
name: Chen, Chunbo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: (Table S3.) Correlations among the risk factors in the prediction model for AKI in the development cohort.
Additional file 1: of Identification of a novel Dlg2 isoform differentially expressed in IFNβ-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Creators: name: Shafaqat Ali
name: Hoven, Alexander
name: Dress, Regine
name: Schaal, Heiner
name: Alferink, Judith
name: Scheu, Stefanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Expression of Dlg2 in IFNβ/YFP-producing pDCs and cDCs. (PDF 428 kb)
Bloch-Nordsieck restoration in llbar -> qqbar
Creators: name: Reiner, Franziska
name: Maas, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Usually, the Bloch-Nordsieck theorem is expected to be violated in weak interactions, as the corresponding asymptotic states are not weak singlets. However, a manifest gauge-invariant approach replaces the asymptotic states with composite states, and thereby restores the Bloch- Nordsieck theorem. The Froehlich-Morchio-Strocchi mechanism ensures that this is in agreement with existing phenomenology. We outline the necessary steps of this construction.
description: 4 pages, submitted to the proceedings of EPS-HEP 2021
Acoustic helical dichroism in a one-dimensional lattice of chiral resonators
Creators: name: Tong, Qing
name: Wang, Shubo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Circular dichroism and helical dichroism are intriguing chiroptical phenomena with broad applications in optical sensing and imaging. Here, we generalize one of the phenomena-helical dichroism-to acoustics. We show that a one-dimensional lattice of chiral resonators with loss can induce differential absorption of helical sounds (i.e. acoustic vortices) carrying opposite orbital angular momentum (OAM). This acoustic helical dichroism strongly depends on the rotation symmetry of the chiral resonators. A breaking of the $C_4$ rotation symmetry can induce coupling between the opposite chiral dipole modes of the resonators. This leads to OAM bandgaps and non-Hermitian exceptional points near the Brillouin-zone center and boundaries, which together give rise to significantly enhanced helical dichroism. The underlying physics can be well captured by an effective Hamiltonian that quantitatively reproduces the complex band structures. The acoustic helical dichroism can find important applications in acoustic OAM manipulations and chiral sound-matter interactions.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Modeling the Internet of Things: a simulation perspective
Creators: name: D'Angelo, Gabriele
name: Ferretti, Stefano
name: Ghini, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper deals with the problem of properly simulating the Internet of Things (IoT). Simulating an IoT allows evaluating strategies that can be employed to deploy smart services over different kinds of territories. However, the heterogeneity of scenarios seriously complicates this task. This imposes the use of sophisticated modeling and simulation techniques. We discuss novel approaches for the provision of scalable simulation scenarios, that enable the real-time execution of massively populated IoT environments. Attention is given to novel hybrid and multi-level simulation techniques that, when combined with agent-based, adaptive Parallel and Distributed Simulation (PADS) approaches, can provide means to perform highly detailed simulations on demand. To support this claim, we detail a use case concerned with the simulation of vehicular transportation systems.
description: Proceedings of the IEEE 2017 International Conference on High Performance Computing and Simulation (HPCS 2017)
Additional file 2: of Monitoring the effect of first line treatment in RAS/RAF mutated metastatic colorectal cancer by serial analysis of tumor specific DNA in plasma
Creators: name: C. Thomsen
name: T. Hansen
name: R. Andersen
name: J. Lindebjerg
name: L. Jensen
name: A. Jakobsen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Suplementary material. (DOC 35Â kb)
Weak index pairs and the Conley index for discrete multivalued dynamical systems. Part II: properties of the index
Creators: name: Batko, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54H20, 54C60, 34C35

description: Motivation to revisit the Conley index theory for discrete multivalued dynamical systems stems from the needs of broader real applications, in particular in sampled dynamics or in combinatorial dynamics. The new construction of the index in [B. Batko and M. Mrozek, {\em SIAM J. Applied Dynamical Systems}, 15(2016), pp. 1143-1162] based on weak index pairs, under the circumstances of the absence of index pairs caused by relaxing the isolation property, seems to be a promising step towards this direction. The present paper is a direct continuation of [B. Batko and M. Mrozek, {\em SIAM J. Applied Dynamical Systems}, 15(2016), pp. 1143-1162] and concerns properties of the index defined therin, namely Ważewski property, the additivity property, the homotopy (continuation) property and the commutativity property. We also present the construction of weak index pairs in an isolating block.
On the origin of dynamically isolated hot Earths
Creators: name: Königl, Arieh
name: Giacalone, Steven
name: Matsakos, Titos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A distinct population of planetary systems that contain dynamically isolated, Earth-size planets with orbital periods $P_\mathrm{orb}\sim 1\,$day was recently identified in an analysis of data from the Kepler planet candidate catalog. We argue that these objects could represent the remnant rocky cores of giant planets that arrived at the stellar vicinity on high-eccentricity orbits and were rapidly stripped of their gaseous envelopes after crossing their respective Roche limits (RLs) $a_\mathrm{R,p}$. In this picture, objects with $P_\mathrm{orb}\gtrsim1\,$day are mostly "early" cores that originated in planets with an initial periastron distance $a_\mathrm{per,0}\le a_\mathrm{R,p}$; they had high initial eccentricities but their orbits underwent fast tidal circularization after the cores were exposed. Objects with $P_\mathrm{orb}\lesssim 1\,$day are, by contrast, mostly "late" cores that originated in planets with $a_\mathrm{per,0}>a_\mathrm{R,p}$; these planets underwent orbital circularization to a radius $>a_\mathrm{per,0}$ but eventually reached $a_\mathrm{R,p}$ through tidal orbital decay. This picture naturally accounts for the spatial distribution of hot Earths and for the similarity of their inferred occurrence rate to that of hot Jupiters, and it fits well with the interpretation of the so-called sub-Jovian desert in the orbital-period--planetary-mass plane in terms of high-eccentricity planet migration to the vicinity of the RL.
description: ApJL, in press
Additional file 1: of Neighborhood social capital and sleep duration: a population based cross-sectional study in a rural Japanese town
Creators: name: Thida Win
name: Yamazaki, Toru
name: Kanda, Koji
name: Tajima, Kazuo
name: Sokejima, Shigeru
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Prevalence ratios of neighborhood social capital in working age group for insufficient sleep of respondents. (DOCX 30 kb)
Beyond the thermodynamic limit: finite-size corrections to state interconversion rates
Creators: name: Chubb, Christopher T.
name: Tomamichel, Marco
name: Korzekwa, Kamil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamics is traditionally constrained to the study of macroscopic systems whose energy fluctuations are negligible compared to their average energy. Here, we push beyond this thermodynamic limit by developing a mathematical framework to rigorously address the problem of thermodynamic transformations of finite-size systems. More formally, we analyse state interconversion under thermal operations and between arbitrary energy-incoherent states. We find precise relations between the optimal rate at which interconversion can take place and the desired infidelity of the final state when the system size is sufficiently large. These so-called second-order asymptotics provide a bridge between the extreme cases of single-shot thermodynamics and the asymptotic limit of infinitely large systems. We illustrate the utility of our results with several examples. We first show how thermodynamic cycles are affected by irreversibility due to finite-size effects. We then provide a precise expression for the gap between the distillable work and work of formation that opens away from the thermodynamic limit. Finally, we explain how the performance of a heat engine gets affected when one of the heat baths it operates between is finite. We find that while perfect work cannot generally be extracted at Carnot efficiency, there are conditions under which these finite-size effects vanish. In deriving our results we also clarify relations between different notions of approximate majorisation.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures. Final version, to be published in Quantum
Additional file 7 of A nomogram incorporating functional and tubular damage biomarkers to predict the risk of acute kidney injury for septic patients
Creators: name: Ma, Jianchao
name: Deng, Yujun
name: Lao, Haiyan
name: Ouyang, Xin
name: Liang, Silin
name: Wang, Yifan
name: Yao, Fen
name: Deng, Yiyu
name: Chen, Chunbo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: (Table S6.) Correlations between AKI and mortality in entire cohort.
Gender and Racial Discrimination in Hiring Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Field Experiment of Accountants, 2018–2020
Creators: name: Chavez, Koji
name: Cabello-Hutt, Tania
name: Weisshaar, Katherine
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2022

description:
In this article, we ask whether macro-level changes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic relate to changes in the levels of discrimination against women and Black job-seekers at the point of hire. We develop three main hypotheses: that discrimination against women and Black job-seekers increases due to a reduction in labor demand; that discrimination against women decreases due to the reduced supply of women employees and applicants; and that discrimination against Black job-seekers decreases due to increased attention toward racial inequities associated with the Black Lives Matter protests during the summer of 2020. We test these hypotheses using a correspondence audit study collected over two periods, before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic, for one professional occupation: accountants. We find that White women experience a positive change in callbacks during the pandemic, being preferred over White men, and this change is concentrated in geographic areas that experienced relatively larger decreases in women's labor supply. Black women experience discrimination pre-pandemic but receive similar callbacks to White men during the pandemic. In contrast to both White and Black women, discrimination against Black men is persistent before and during the pandemic. Our findings are consistent with the prediction of gender-specific changes in labor supply being associated with gender-specific changes in hiring discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic. More broadly, our study shows how hiring decision-making is related to macro-level labor market processes.
Phase transition of AdS Schwarzschild black hole and gauge theory dual in presence of external string cloud
Creators: name: Dey, Tanay K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamics of AdS-Schwarzschild black hole in the presence of an external string cloud. We observe that, at any temperature, the black hole configuration is stable with non-zero entropy. We further notice that, when the value of the curvature constant equals to one, if the string cloud density has less than a critical value, within a certain range of temperature three black holes configuration exist. One of these black holes is unstable and other two are stable. At a critical temperature, a transition between these two stable black holes takes place which leads us to conclude that the bound state of quark and anti-quark pairs may not exist. By studying the corresponding dual gauge theory we confirm that the instability of the bound state of quark and anti-quark pair in the dual gauge theory.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
2D Materials for Future Heterogeneous Electronics
Creators: name: Lemme, Max C.
name: Akinwande, Deji
name: Huyghebaert, Cedric
name: Stampfer, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene and two-dimensional materials (2DM) remain an active field of research in science and engineering over 15 years after the first reports of 2DM. The vast amount of available data and the high performance of device demonstrators leave little doubt about the potential of 2DM for applications in electronics, photonics and sensing. So where are the integrated chips and enabled products? We try to answer this by summarizing the main challenges and opportunities that have thus far prevented 2DM applications.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
Investigating Possible Future Emergent Economic, Religious/Spiritual and Physiological Developments in a Hypothetical Martian Colony
Creators: name: Førde, Dr Vincent
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Mars
subject: Astrophysics
subject: Interplanetary Civilisation
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Astrobiology
subject: Futurism
subject: Ergonomics/economics

description: The prospect of colonizing Mars has been a focus of mankind since the earliest science fiction literary traditions. However, in the modern space age, where independent commercial companies are equally or arguably more influential to the prospective expansion of mankind in its pursuit to become an interplanetary species, the practical realities of this endeavour must be considered. A Martian economy would be based on the extraction, refinement and 3D printing of raw materials, which are abundant on Mars. This could lead to a bartering style economy similar to the earliest economies of Earth civilisation, such as that of Ancient Sumeria. This would develop naturally into a currency based economy, yet with the focus being on land and innovation, both as means for survival and eventual colonial expansion. This could engender a sociological feedback effect to seed economic innovation, including advanced forms of sustainable economic policies, on Earth. Religion can engender self-sacrifice, compassion for others and an appreciation of the natural world. It is reasonable to postulate that due to the potentially hundreds of thousands of years of human shamanic and religious tradition, a form of ritual spirituality would be transferred/hybridised in a new Martian colony as a means of maintaining social cohesion and limiting environmental devastation through excessive mining techniques. The Martian environment will alter those humans who choose initially to relocate to the red planet. These changes will become more physically pronounced in future generations, leading to the creation of a new form of human, the human Martian or Humartian. In order to become an interplanetary species, mankind must accept that to achieve this, it will have to become numerous species, each evolving in distinction to its non-terrestrial environment. This will engender the potential for thousands of human sub species to develop.
Ultra-fast re-structuring the electronic landscape of transparent dielectrics: new material states (Die-Met)
Creators: name: Gamaly, E. G.
name: Rode, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The swift excitation of the transparent dielectrics by intense short laser pulse produces ultra-fast re-structuring of the electronic landscape generating a wealth of material states continuously changing in space and in time in accord with the variations of the intensity. These unconventional transient material states combine simultaneously dielectric and metal properties (Die-Met). The laser excitation transforms a transparent dielectric into electrically inhomogeneous state early in the pulse time [1]. The permittivity of excited material varies in time and in space changing from positive to negative values that strongly affects the interaction process. The interplay between the transient permittivity gradient and polarisation of the incident laser becomes the major process of the new interaction mode. In a particular relation between the polarization and the permittivity gradient the incident field amplitude grows up while the wave is approaching to the surface where the real part of permittivity turns to zero. That results in the local increase in the absorbed energy density. The complex 3D structure of the permittivity makes a transparent part of excited dielectric (at $ε0 > εre > 0$) optically active. The electro-magnetic wave passing through such a medium gets a twisted trajectory and accrues the geometric phase [2]. The plane of polarisation rotation and phase depends on the 3D permittivity structure [3]. Measuring the polarisation and phase of the probe beam allows quantitatively identify this new transient state. We discuss the revelations of this effect in different experimental situations and possible applications.
description: Draft-02; 11 pages, 6 figures; to be presented at International Conference on Laser Ablation, Marseille, 4-8 September 2017
Additional file 8 of A nomogram incorporating functional and tubular damage biomarkers to predict the risk of acute kidney injury for septic patients
Creators: name: Ma, Jianchao
name: Deng, Yujun
name: Lao, Haiyan
name: Ouyang, Xin
name: Liang, Silin
name: Wang, Yifan
name: Yao, Fen
name: Deng, Yiyu
name: Chen, Chunbo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: (Table S7.) Correlation between the total score calculated from the nomogram and thedayof AKIoccurrence after ICU admission.
Wilson loop calculation in QGP using non-supersymmetric AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Somdeb
name: Nayek, Kuntal
name: Roy, Shibaji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previously, two of the present authors obtained the decoupling limit and the corresponding throat geometry of non-supersymmetric D3 brane solution of type IIB string theory. In analogy with the supersymmetric case, it describes the gravity dual of a non-supersymmetric gauge theory with QCD-like properties such as running coupling and confinement (or mass gap) in certain range of its parameters. In this paper, we consider a `black' version of the non-supersymmetric D3 brane solution in the decoupling limit and use this gravity background to holographically compute the expectation value of a time-like Wilson loop which, in turn, is related to the potential of a heavy quark-antiquark pair. By boosting the gravity solution along one of the brane directions and placing the pair at an arbitrary orientation with this direction, we numerically obtain the variation of the screening length as well as the potential with velocity, its orientation with respect to the direction of motion and other parameters of the theory. Remarkably enough, our results are in qualitative agreement with those obtained holographically in supersymmetric gauge theories indicating that these features are quite robust and universal as they are insensitive to the presence of any supersymmetry in the theory. The physical interpretations of the variations with respect to the other parameters of the theory, not observed in supersymmetric theory, have also been given.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures; v2:some corrections made and a footnote added; v3: more clarifications and some references added, version to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
The Chern Number Governs Soliton Motion in Nonlinear Thouless Pumps
Creators: name: Jürgensen, Marius
name: Rechtsman, Mikael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear Thouless pumps for bosons exhibit quantized pumping via soliton motion, despite the lack of a meaningful notion of filled bands. However, the theoretical underpinning of this quantization, as well as its relationship to the Chern number, has thus far been lacking. Here we show that for low power solitons, transport is dictated by the Chern number of the band from which the soliton bifurcates. We do this by expanding the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation (equivalently, the Gross-Pitaevskii equation) in the basis of Wannier states, showing that the soliton's position is dictated by that of the Wannier state throughout the pump cycle. Furthermore, we describe soliton pumping in two dimensions.
Artificial Light Harvesting by Dimerized Mobius Ring
Creators: name: Xu, Lei
name: Gong, Z. R.
name: Tao, Ming-Jie
name: Ai, Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study artificial light harvesting by a dimerized Mobius ring. When the donors in the ring are dimerized, the energies of the donor ring are splitted into two sub-bands. Because of the nontrivial Mobius boundary condition, both the photon and acceptor are coupled to all collectiveexcitation modes in the donor ring. Therefore, the quantum dynamics in the light harvesting are subtly influenced by the dimerization in the Mobius ring. It is discovered that energy transfer is more efficient in a dimerized ring than that in an equally-spaced ring. This discovery is also confirmed by the calculation with the perturbation theory, which is equivalent to the Wigner-Weisskopf approximation. Our findings may be benificial to the optimal design of artificial light harvesting.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 2: of Evaluating optimal utilisation of technology in type 1 diabetes mellitus from a clinical and health economic perspective: protocol for a systematic review
Creators: name: Pease, Anthony
name: Lo, Clement
name: Earnest, Arul
name: Liew, Danny
name: Zoungas, Sophia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Populated PRISMA-P checklist [16]. (DOCX 29Â kb)
Additional file 1: of Diagnostic and prognostic implications of ribosomal protein transcript expression patterns in human cancers
Creators: name: Dolezal, James
name: Dash, Arie
name: Prochownik, Edward
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Information. Contains Figure S1-S5, Table S1-S2, and their respective legends. (DOCX 1621Â kb)
Loops in SL(2,C) and Factorization
Creators: name: Basor, Estelle
name: Pickrell, Doug
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E67 (Primary), 47A68, 47B35 (Secondary)

description: In previous work we proved that for a SU(2,C) valued loop having the critical degree of smoothness (one half of a derivative in the L^2 Sobolev sense), the following are equivalent: (1) the Toeplitz and shifted Toeplitz operators associated to the loop are invertible, (2) the loop has a triangular factorization, and (3) the loop has a root subgroup factorization. For a loop g satisfying these conditions, the Toeplitz determinant det(A(g)A(g^{-1})) and shifted Toeplitz determinant det(A_1(g)A_1(g^{-1})) factor as products in root subgroup coordinates. In this paper we observe that, at least in broad outline, there is a relatively simple generalization to loops having values in SL(2,C). The main novel features are that (1) root subgroup coordinates are now rational functions, i.e. there is an exceptional set, and (2) the non-compactness of SL(2,C) entails that loops are no longer automatically bounded, and this (together with the exceptional set) complicates the analysis at the critical exponent.
description: 21 pages; some minor corrections and examples have been added. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0903.4983
Temporal separation of whale vocalizations from background oceanic noise using a power calculation
Creators: name: van Wyk, Jacques
name: Versfeld, Jaco
name: Preez, Johan du
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The process of analyzing audio signals in search of cetacean vocalizations is in many cases a very arduous task, requiring many complex computations, a plethora of digital processing techniques and the scrutinization of an audio signal with a fine comb to determine where the vocalizations are located. To ease this process, a computationally efficient and noise-resistant method for determining whether an audio segment contains a potential cetacean call is developed here with the help of a robust power calculation for stationary Gaussian noise signals and a recursive method for determining the mean and variance of a given sample frame. The resulting detector is tested on audio recordings containing southern right whale sounds and its performance is compared to a contemporary energy detector and a popular deep learning method. The detector exhibits good performance at moderate-to-high signal-to-noise ratio values. The detector succeeds in being easy to implement, computationally efficient to use and robust enough to accurately detect whale vocalizations in a noisy underwater environment.
Modules over plane curve singularities in any ranks and DAHA
Creators: name: Cherednik, Ivan
name: Philipp, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We generalize the construction of geometric superpolynomials for unibranch plane curve singularities from our prior paper from rank one to any ranks. The new feature is the definition of counterparts of Jacobian factors (directly related to compactified Jacobians) for higher ranks, which is parallel to the classical passage from invertible bundles to vector bundles over algebraic curves. This is an entirely local theory, connected with affine Springer fibers for non-reduced (germs of) spectral curves. We conjecture and justify numerically the connection of our geometric polynomials in arbitrary ranks with the corresponding DAHA superpolynomials of algebraic knots colored by columns.
description: Editing, essentially equivalent to doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2018.11.006
Additional file 1: of Evaluating optimal utilisation of technology in type 1 diabetes mellitus from a clinical and health economic perspective: protocol for a systematic review
Creators: name: Pease, Anthony
name: Lo, Clement
name: Earnest, Arul
name: Liew, Danny
name: Zoungas, Sophia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Search terms incorporating RCT and economics filters. Search terms were designed for MEDLINE® with daily update and MEDLINE® in-process and other non-indexed citations (via OvidSP). Modifications to search filters for ‘trials’ [35] and ‘economics’ [36] were made. (DOCX 17 kb)
Analytic integrability for strings on $ η$ and $ λ$ deformed backgrounds
Creators: name: Roychowdhury, Dibakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, based on simple analytic techniques, we explore the integrability conditions for classical stringy configurations defined over $ η$ as well as $ λ$- deformed backgrounds. We perform our analysis considering classical string motions within various subsectors of the full target space geometry. It turns out that classical string configurations defined over $ η$- deformed backgrounds are non-integrable whereas on the other hand, the corresponding configurations are integrable over the $ λ$- deformed background. Our analysis therefore imposes a strong constraint on the operator spectrum associated with the corresponding dual gauge theories at strong coupling.
description: Version to appear in JHEP