cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bovine Leukemia Virus and Human breast Cancer Risk
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The purpose of this research is to determine whether 1) humans can become infected with bovine leukemia virus; 2) such an infection occurs through consumption of foodstuffs from infected cows; 3) infection with BLV could lead to developing breast cancer. It is well established that breast cancer in the mouse is caused by a virus, the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), which is passed from mother to nursing babies via the milk. Mouse breast cancer is proof that a naturally occurring cancer can be caused by a virus swallowed in a food source. Attempts to find an analogous virus in human milk passed from mother to baby have failed. Since humans drink more cow milk than they do human milk, perhaps cows would be a more promising target in the search for a milk-transmitted agent of human breast cancer. Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a cancer-causing virus of cattle which can be passed from mother cow to calf via the milk. BLV commonly infects dairy and beef cattle and is found in the marketed milk and meat of these animals. Most infected cattle do not actually develop leukemia, but remain healthy and are not removed from the herd. Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products or undercooked beef could possibly allow transmission of infectious virus to humans. BLV infections are not limited to cattle. The virus can infect sheep and non-human primates experimentally and cause cancer in the sheep. In the laboratory it can infect the cells of many species including humans and other primates. We recently discovered that BLV may infect the breast cells of cows and cause these cells to behave more like cancer cells. This indicates that the tissue preference of this "leukemia" virus is not limited to blood cells.

 We propose here a pilot study to examine the first aspect of the overall proposal, whether humans can become infected with BLV. Human breast tissues removed during surgery, breast tissue sections received from a pathologist, cells from milk and colostrum, and blood cells will be searched for evidence of different components of BLV using cellular and molecular techniques (immunocytochemistry, PCR, and in situ reverse transcriptase PCR). Human blood will be tested for antibodies to BLV. Our preliminary results suggest that the breast cells of some women are infected with BLV and that some humans have antibodies to BLV. The potential impact of the project is through prevention of these cancers by elimination of BLV in cattle, interception of its transmission from cattle to humans, or vaccination of humans.
“The child in the midst”
Creators: name: Phillips, Michelle H.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation argues that ironic representations of childhood fueled modernism’s emergence and set the stage for a little-known, but unprecedented body of modernist children’s literature. Between the haunted children of Henry James and the many drowned children in Gertrude Stein’s wartime writing, modernism shape-shifts around the figure of the disenchanted child.          In the first half of the dissertation, I examine the figure of “the child in the midst” from the emergently modernist writings of Henry James to the late modernism of Djuna Barnes. In What Maisie Knew and in The Turn of the Screw, James ironically turns figurations of childhood ― from simplicity to division, from transparency to opacity, from innocence to ambivalence ― and in so doing he also turns the novel toward ironic, ambivalent, and limited points of view. At the other end of the modernist timeline, Djuna Barnes’s Robin Vote is figured as a child and as a modernist work of art. Through her character’s devastating conjuncture of modernism and childhood, Barnes performs a double critique of figures (the child) and narratives (modernism) of re-invention on the eve of WWII.          The waning years of modernism are a watershed for modernist children’s literature. In the second half of the dissertation, I argue that these two phenomena are profoundly linked. The turn to children’s literature operates as a politically radical extension of modernism’s longstanding challenge to childhood and serves, in addition, as a crucial aspect of late modernism’s rejection of high modernist methods and forms. In his works for children, W.E.B. Du Bois compares the problem of the color line to the child/adult divide and seeks to democratize the gap between them in part by addressing the black child as an adult. Stein’s wartime writings about and for children are similarly anti-nostalgic. The disillusionment of the lost generation is rooted for Stein in the nineteenth-century romanticization of childhood. Stein’s late modernism is preoccupied with representing and with killing children, with writing and with destroying children’s narratives as the conjoined prerequisites for killing the nineteenth-century child in the midst.
Constructing and classifying fully irreducible outer automorphisms of free groups
Creators: name: Pfaff, Catherine
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: The main theorem of this document emulates, in the context of Out(F_r) theory, a mapping class group theorem (by H. Masur and J. Smillie) that determines precisely which index lists arise from pseudo-Anosov mapping classes.  Since the ideal Whitehead graph gives a finer invariant in the analogous setting of a fully irreducible outer automorphisms of free groups, we instead focus on determining which of the twenty-one connected, loop-free, five-vertex graphs are ideal Whitehead graphs of ageometric, fully irreducible outer automorphisms of free groups in rank three.  Our main theorem accomplishes this by showing that there are precisely eighteen graphs arising as such.  We also give a method for identifying certain complications called periodic Nielsen paths, prove the existence of conveniently decomposed representatives of ageometric, fully irreducible outer automorphisms of free groups having connected, (2r-1)-vertex ideal Whitehead graphs, and prove a criterion for identifying representatives of ageometric, fully irreducible outer automorphisms of free groups.  The strategies we use for constructing fully irreducible outer automorphisms of free groups, as well as our identification and decomposition techniques, can be used to extend our main theorem, as they are valid in any rank.  Our methods of proof rely primarily on Bestvina-Feighn-Handel train track theory and the theory of attracting laminations.
Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection and Human Breast Cancer Risk
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The purpose of the research proposed here is to determine whether infection of a woman's breast tissue with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) makes it more likely that she will develop breast cancer. Our interest in this question stems from the fact that breast cancer in the mouse is caused by a virus, MMTV, which is transmitted from mother to nursing baby mice via the milk. The MMIV system provides proof that a naturally occurring cancer can be caused by a virus in a food source. Since the main source of milk for humans is cows, a bovine virus might be a likely candidate for a milk-transmitted agent of human breast cancer.

 Bovine leukemia virus (BLV)is a cancer causing virus of cattle which can be transmitted from cow to calf via the milk. BLV commonly infects dairy and beef cattle and is found in the marketed milk and meat of these animals. Most infected cattle are healthy and are not removed from the herd. Consumption of non-pasteurized dairy products or undercooked beef could possibly allow transmission of infectious virus to humans. BLV can infect other species including sheep and goats naturally, and several species experimentally including non-human primates. BLV can also infect the cells of many species cultured in flasks, including cells from humans and other primates. We recently discovered that BLV infects the breast cells of cows naturally and causes these cells to behave more like cancer cells. This indicates that this "leukemia" virus can target more than just blood cells.

 Our preliminary data suggests that humans can become infected with BLV. We found 53% of the humans tested have antibodies to BLV in their blood, which is an indication of exposure to BLV. We also detected BLV proteins and DNA in human breast tissues removed by surgery, which suggests these tissues were infected by BLV. The research proposed here is to ascertain whether the presence of BLV DNA and proteins in breast tissues correlates with the patient's diagnosis of breast cancer. Breast cancer tissues from 10 women and normal tissue from 169 controls with no history of breast neoplasms will be tested by in situ-polymerase chain reaction for proviral BLV DNA and by immunohistochemistry for BLV capsid protein. The association between the presence of BLV DNA/protein and patient diagnosis will be analyzed statistically. If frequency of BLV infection is shown to be significantly different in malignant breast tissue versus normal controls, this will justify the launching of a larger prospective study designed to determine whether BLV can cause some cases of breast cancer. The ultimate impact of the project could be to reduce breast cancer incidence by preventing human infection with BLV through elimination of the virus in cattle, interception of its transmission from cattle to humans, or vaccinations of humans.
Essays on Bayesian inference of time-series and orderedpanel data models
Creators: name: Park, Jeehyun
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: At the heart of my dissertation is the study of Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms and their applications. My dissertation consists of three essays as follow.    The first chapter is on MCMC algorithms for the dynamic ordered probit model with random effects. I have tried to estimate the model with four representative MCMC algorithms: two algorithms by Albert and Chib (1993) and Albert and Chib (2001), Liu and Sabatti (2000), and Chen and Dey (2000). I have found that the autocorrelations still remain high in the cutoffs compared to other parameters even though the levels of autocorrelation are reduced in the algorithms by Liu and Sabatti (2000), and Chen and Dey (2000).    In the second chapter, I have developed the dynamic ordered probit model studied in the first chapter. It is natural for panel data to have missing data problem because there is no guarantee that subjects will stay over the study periods. This chapter provides Bayesian statistical methods that permit non-ignorable missing data in panel datasets. In order to incorporate non-random missing data in the model, I jointly model observed and non-ignorable missing ordinal data with selection model approach.  In the empirical section, I have used the model to examine determinants of self-rated health of old people in the Health and Retirement Study. I have concluded that in this elderly American population, the longest occupation that respondents have held over their careers is strongly associated with self-rated health.  In the third chapter of my dissertation, I analyze financial time-series data before and after the Wall Street meltdown in 2008. In this chapter, I develop MCMC algorithms for the CKLS model and examine (1) time-series characteristics of the credit default swap index, stock index and federal funds rate from January 2007 to September 2009, the highly volatile period. (2) The lead-lag relationship between the credit default swap and stock markets are examined using the CKLS model employing multivariate analysis.
Rhadinocythere , Hart 1962, new genus
Creators: name: Williams, Bronwyn W.
name: Weaver, Patricia G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Entocytheridae
Rhadinocythere

description: Rhadinocythere Hart, 1962
1962 Rhadinocythere, new genus.—Hart: 125, 135 (C, K, T).
1963 Rhadinocythere.—Hart: 51 (C).
1965a Rhadinocythere (Hart, 1962: 135).—Hart: 255 (H).
1965 Rhadinocythere.—Hobbs: 160 (K).
1966 Rhadinocythere Hart (1962).—Hobbs & Hart: 37 (K).
1967 Rhadinocythere.—Hobbs, Holt & Walton: 8 (H).
1969a Rhadinocythere Hart, 1962.—Hart & Hart: 183, 187, 188, Figs. 5, 16 (D, H, R, T).
1970 Rhadinocythere, Hart, 1962:135.—Hobbs & Hobbs: 1, 3 (C, K).
1971 Rhadinocythere Hart, 1962:135.—Hobbs Jr.: 19, 54 (C).
1974 Rhadinocythere Hart, 1962.—Hart & Hart: viii, 15, 19, 112, Fig. 35 (D, H, K, T).
1974 Rhadinocythere Hart, 1962.—Hartmann & Puri: 50 (C).
1975 Rhadinocythere Hart, 1962.—Hart & Hart: 42 (C, D, H).
2010 Rhadinocythere Hart, 1962.—Smith & Delorme: 748, 771 (C, K).
2017 Rhadinocythere.—Weaver & Williams: 578 (K).
Remarks: The genus diagnosis in Hart (1962: 135) should read “ No finger guard on copulatory complex.” Hart & Hart (1974: 112) mistakenly list the hosts of Rhadinocythere as “crayfishes of the family Astacidae.” Rhadinocythere is known only from crayfishes in the family Cambaridae. This error was repeated in Hart & Hart (1975: 42).
description: Published as part of Williams, Bronwyn W. & Weaver, Patricia G., 2018, A historical review of the taxonomy and classification of Entocytheridae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Podocopida), pp. 1-129 in Zootaxa 4448 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4448.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1444492
Hormonal Control of HER2neu and BRCA1 in Breast Cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The BRCA1 and the HER2neu genes are known to be important in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, but despite the efforts of many researchers, little is definitively known about how the control of these genes breaks down, or the mechanism by which estrogen might turn these genes on and off. The absence of BRCA1 protein in breast cancer cells is strongly linked to some familial breast cancers. An increased amount of HER2neu protein is associated with 30% of breast cancers, and correlates with poor prognosis and aggressive tumor growth. Considering the significance of these genes to breast cancer, there is a clear need to understand the mechanisms underlying this dysregulation, especially in regards to hormonal regulation of the amounts of HER2neu and BRCA1 protein.

 There is evidence that estrogen influences the amounts of both HER2neu and BRCA1 protein in breast epithelial cells. Retinoic acid, a vitamin A derivative, and thyroid hormone are also implicated in the regulation of HER2neu. Our laboratory has obtained evidence that Alu elements associated with both HER2neu and BRCA1 genes may be responsible for this hormonal regulation. Alu elements are very abundant DNA elements, derived from a normal cellular gene termed 7SL. During the preceding 50 million years, the Alu elements have been replicated much like a virus and reinserted throughout the genome. During this time, for reasons as yet unknown, the Alu elements evolved to contain receptor binding sites. We found that the Alu elements associated with HER2neu and BRCA1 contain binding sites for receptors for retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and estrogen receptor. We hypothesize that these hormones/vitamins associate with their receptors, which then bind to the DNA promoter sequences upstream of HER2neu and BRCA1 genes, thereby increasing or decreasing the amounts of HER2neu and BRCA1 that are made. We propose to determine whether these receptor binding sites are of key importance to the hormonally controlled dysregulation of HER2neu and BRCA1 in breast cancer.
SONLARNI QOʻZGʻALMAS VA QOʻZGʻALUVCHI VERGULLI IFODALASH
Creators: name: Xolmurodova, Munira
name: Nurullayeva, Malika
name: Yaxyoxonova, Muhiba
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqola “Sonlarni qoʻzgʻalmas va qoʻzgʻaluvchi vergulli tasvirlash” mavzusini oʻrganamiz, bunda sonlarning oʻziga xos xususiyatlari va ularga bogʻliq qoidalarni yoritamiz. Maqola, dasturlash va matematikada vergullar va ularning oʻzgarishlarining qanday qoʻllanilishini koʻrsatamiz. Birinchidan, maqola qoʻzgʻalmas sonlar haqida toʻliq tushuncha beradi. Qoʻzgʻalmas sonlar – bu oʻzgarishsiz qoladigan, dasturda yoki matematik hisob-kitoblarda oʻzgarmas qiymatlardir. Ular, asosan, doimiy parametrlar sifatida ishlatiladi va ularning qiymatlari dastur davomida oʻzgarmaydi. Bunday sonlar dasturiy taʻminotda barqarorlikni taʻminlaydi va hisoblash jarayonini oddiylashtiradi. Ikkinchidan, maqola qoʻzgʻaluvchi sonlarni ham taqdim etadi.
Axina bella Opitz 2020, new species
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Axina
Axina bella

description: Axina bella Opitz, new species
Figures 25, 69, 83.
Type material. Holotype. Male.Type locality: FRENCH GUIANA, Kourou, Savane Matiti, 5°4 ′ 59 ″ N 52°37 ′ 0.12 ″ W, 2013, Piège Vitre, J. L. Giuglaris (FSCA).
Diagnosis. The very attractive color pattern of the elytra as depicted in Fig. 83 will distinguish the members of this species from congeners.
Description. Size. Length 12.0 mm; width 3.0 mm. Form. As in Fig. 83. Color. Cranium castaneous; antenna testaceous; prothorax bicolorous, venter and pronotal sides black; pronotal middle widely castaneous; pterothorax and legs black; elytra tricolorous, mostly yellow, humerus and epipleural margin widely black, black region extends broadly mesally towards sutural margin at elytral middle and at preapical region, black preapical region extends to sutural margin in form of fascia, apical region castaneous, castaneous region blends into more basal black fascia; abdomen testaceous. Head. Cranium finely punctate, frons about as wide as length of antennal pedicel; EW/FW 60/13. Thorax. Pronotum finely punctate, with 2 tumescences, concave at middle; PW/PL 110/155; elytra, few asetiferous punctures concentrated in elytral basal ½ proximal to sutural margin, width of interstitial spaces variable; EL/EW 475/90. Abdomen. Aedeagus (Fig. 25), phallobasic lobes very short, narrowly extended, contiguous; edge of phallic plates serrate; phallobasic apodeme slightly lengthened.
Distribution (for map see Fig. 69). This species is known from French Guiana.
Etymology. The specific epithet, bella, is a Latin adjective that stems from bellus (= beauty). I refer to the beautiful coloration of the dorsum of this beetle.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2020, Taxonomic revision of the Western Hemisphere checkered beetle genus Axina Kirby (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae), pp. 1-70 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (793) on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4564947
Essays on wages and earnings
Creators: name: Oh, Sang-Bong
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: In this dissertation I first try to explain how the wage is determined from a theoretical perspective. Then I provide a test regarding a phenomenon which has not been well explained so far. Finally I turn to an important issue in studies on taxation.    In the first chapter I provide models considering when firm sets wage either above or below the market clearing wage although previous models take as granted that the efficiency wage is above the market clearing wage. A simple model, the "selection model", is different from previous models in that the firm considers workers' choices on labor supply as an important factor when it makes decisions on wages and employment. I then set up the "effort model", in which the effort function is determined by the worker  while the ability function is exogenously given the selection model. As a result, the models produce set of possible choices which resembles backward-bending labor supply curve. The shape helps explain the minimum wage paradox.    In the second chapter I test whether efficiency wage models contribute to explaining interindustry wage differentials. First, I  find two variables which could cause firms to pay different wages to seemingly identical workers: the internal and external reference wages. Then, I estimate wage equations with and without those variables, and find that those variables help explain interindustry wage differentials by reducing the standard deviation of wage differentials.    In the final chapter I address a problem that study of the behavioral response to the changes in the individual tax rate always encounters: endogeneity. I first develop novel instruments for the marginal tax rate and net-of-tax rate (1 - marginal tax rate). Then, I run regression using the new instruments for the net-of-tax rate and also using either no instrument or an improper instrument. Regressions suggest that the tax rates are endogenous to income and replacing the tax rates with the counterfactual tax rates  solves the endogeneity problem. They also imply that the tax rate changes have no significant effect on medium-income earners in the short run.
Understanding DNA-protein hybridization-dependent interactions
Creators: name: O'Grady, Laura
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: The study of DNA-protein interactions is important since these associations are critical to the operation of living cells. DNA-protein contacts show distinct microenvironments.  Hybridization is a notable atomic feature that contributes to the distribution of charge within a protein. In order to study a manageable amount of discreet data, a dataset of 499 non-redundant structures was generated.  These structures were chosen from DNA-protein structures of high resolution (> 2.5Ǻ), available in the Protein Data Bank up to June 2011.  This research describes differences in DNA-protein interactions based upon atomic hybridization within the set of non-redundant protein structures generated.    Although generalizations can be made in terms of hybridization-dependent DNA-protein interactions, the data in this research show hydrogen bond donor-acceptor relationships, as well as electrostatic (positive-negative) attractions, are the primary features regulating close contacts in the major grooves. In general, atoms with a more electropositive environment show a greater number of close contacts with sp2 hybridized atoms, and conversely atoms with a more electronegative environment show a greater number close contacts with sp3 hybridized atoms. However, for proteins comprised of amino acids with delocalized electrons, it is the charge (positive or negative) on the functional group, as well as the structure (cyclic or aliphatic) that have the greatest impact on the number and type of close contacts.
Impact of four WRF modifications upon eight nor’easter simulations
Creators: name: Nicholls, Stephen Davi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation investigated the impact of four modifications to the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) model during eight nor’easter simulations. Specifically these modification include: 1) Different WRF model versions, 2) Usage of different bulk microphysics schemes created between 1983-2011, 3) Assimilation of radio occultation data, and 4) Fully coupling WRF to a dynamic ocean model. Model simulations were conducted for 180 hours, starting roughly 72 hours prior to the first precipitation impacts in the highly populated Mid-Atlantic US and associated cyclogenesis. Simulation accuracy was assessed by comparing each simulation to Global Forecasting System model analysis.   Despite various updates, errors in both storm track and simulated storm intensity were highest in the newest WRF version and were strongly associated with mid-tropospheric heat release. Error analysis of WRF-version simulations revealed the newest WRF model version (WRF 3.3) had worst overall simulation accuracy due to errors in simulated winds, mid-tropospheric latent heat release and similar dynamical fields, whereas WRF 3.2 was best. Comparison of simulations using different microphysics parameterization revealed both storm tracks and maximum cyclone intensity revealed little to no variation between schemes due to their common programming heritage. Error analysis of the local storm environment revealed simulations little impact from the inclusion of graupel, however the newer microphysics parameterization tended to be more accurate. In contrast, for the entire environment (nor’easter and background) the newest BMPS scheme only performed on-par with the oldest BMPS within the inner most model domains. Improvements to both storm track and overall nor’easter simulation accuracy were typically inversely proportional to the data assimilation period length and was strongly sensitive to cyclone-to-sounding distance and stratospheric data assimilation errors. Simulation accuracy however was not proportional to the total number of assimilated observations. Assimilation of radio occultation data and radiosonde data were found to lead to further decreases in model simulation errors. Finally, coupling WRF to an ocean model produced no notable changes in storm track, slightly improved simulations of cyclone intensity, and marginally better simulations of the local storm environment (54.3% of periods). Impacts from ocean-atmosphere model coupling were limited to below 500 hPa.
Exploring Modality in 19th-Century Diplomatic Treaties:  A Parser-based Linguistic Analysis of the Burney, Robert, and Bowring Treaties between Siam (now Thailand) and Western Powers
Creators: name: Natchanun, Sanitdee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This research proposal aims to analyze modal verb phrases (modal verb + infinitive verb) in three different treaties: Burney, Robert, and Bowring Treaties different in their objectives and periods of time. Modal verbs like shall, should, can, or could convey different attitudes, and in the discourse of international relations and politics, modal verbs can reveal hidden intentions and underlying power dynamics. Although the three diplomatic treaties have been well-studied in terms of their societal, political, and economical consequences, this linguistic arena on the use of modal verbs has been underexplored. This study attempts to answer the following research questions: i) what are the most common modal verb phrases used in the three treaties? ii) what do the modal verb phrases represent? and iii) how do the occurrence frequencies compare between the three treaties and over time?

A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and tools is implemented. While the Burney and the Bowring Treaties can be downloaded from Wikisource, the Roberts Treaty needs to be digitized. Therefore, the study also employs Transkribus as a digitization image-to-text tool. To process the treaty texts, a text parser spaCy is used to extract the modal verb phrases. A set of nine modal verbs is used as keywords together with the dependency tag “aux” to identify the modal verb phrases. The context words in the same sentence of modal verb phrases are also extracted into sub-corpora for further analysis. The occurrences of modal verb phrases are counted and categorized based on Someya’s 13 categorization (2010). The significance of the phrases are evaluated using frequency analysis, O/E score, t-score, and p-value. Semantic shift analysis is conducted based on Millar’s framework of epistemic and deontic sense (2009). Close-reading, semantic map, and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) are also employed for a local scale analysis.
Was It Something I Ate?
Creators: name: Macalush, Casey
name: Suto, Timothy
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: A smartphone application created for downloading to the general public for better reporting and tracking of foodborne illnesses in the United States.
description: “Foodborne illnesses have a major public health impact.  In the United States each year, foodborne illness affects 60-80 million people including 9,000 deaths (Altekruse et. al. 1997).”  Symptoms of foodborne illness are generally gastrointestinal related including diarrhea and vomiting and little know that that are actually infected with a food related disease pathogen.  The need for medical diagnosis based on laboratory tests is the only way to diagnose food borne illness.  Because of the strenuous circumstances of diagnostics and common symptoms related to food borne illness, few people report foodborne illnesses to medical personnel which in turn leads to lack of information to the Center for Disease Control on regulation of foodborne illnesses in the United States.  There is a great need for better reporting of foodborne illness symptoms and the ability to track contaminated food before outbreaks of disease occurs.  As our service project, we have created a downloadable smartphone and mobile device application in which a person can report their location, symptoms and foods they have recently ate that may have caused the common gastrointestinal symptoms they are experiencing in hopes to further the tracking of foodborne diseases and more efficiently prevent disease spread and prevent further outbreaks.
Rhadinocythere serrata Williams & Weaver 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Williams, Bronwyn W.
name: Weaver, Patricia G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Entocytheridae
Rhadinocythere
Rhadinocythere serrata

description: * Rhadinocythere serrata (Hoff, 1944)
1944a Entocythere serrata sp. nov. —Hoff: 331, 332–337, Plate 1; Figs. 1 –5 (D, H, K, R, T).
1947 E. serrata Hoff. —Tressler: 705 (C).
1949 Entocythere serrata Hoff. — Rioja: 328 (R).
1959 Entocythere serrata Hoff 1944.—Tressler: 726, 727, Fig. 28.179a, b (D, H, K, T).
1962 Rhadinocythere serrata (Hoff, 1944) new combination.—Hart: 122 [as E. serrata], 135, 146, Fig. 8 (C, D, T).
1965a Rhadinocythere serrata (Hoff, 1944).—Hart: 255, 256, 257, 258 [includes erroneous spelling Entacythere serrata], 259, Fig. 5 (D, H).
1966 Rhadinocythere serrata (Hoff).—Hobbs & Walton: 8 (A, D, H).
1970 Rhadinocythere serrata (Hoff, 1944:322).—Hobbs & Hobbs: 16 (R).
1971 Rhadinocythere serrata (Hoff).—Hart, D.G. & Hart: 108 (R).
1974 Rhadinocythere serrata (Hoff, 1944).—Hart & Hart: 4, 15 [as E. serrata], 50, 103, 113, 209, 229, Fig. 3, Pl. XXXIII Figs. 4–7, Pl. LIII (D, H, R, T).
1975 Rhadinocythere serrata (Hoff, 1944).—Hart & Hart: 42 [and as Entocythere serrata] (C, D, H).
1998 Rhadinocythere serrata (Hoff).—Gall & Jezerinac: 204, 209, 211, 212, Fig. 9 (D, H).
2014a Rhadinocythere serrata (Hoff, 1944).—Mestre, Monrós & Mesquita-Joanes: 950 (C).
description: Published as part of Williams, Bronwyn W. & Weaver, Patricia G., 2018, A historical review of the taxonomy and classification of Entocytheridae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Podocopida), pp. 1-129 in Zootaxa 4448 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4448.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1444492
Chinese Herbal Therapy (CHT) for Symptom Management
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Early stage breast cancer constitutes the majority of the 176,000 cases diagnosed in the US yearly. An increasing proportion of patients benefit from adjuvant hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Despite advances in supportive care, most women experience debilitating side effects during the course of treatment. Alternative and complementary therapies have become highly popular both for management of symptoms and as cancer therapy even though little data from well controlled trials are available. In the San Francisco Bay Area, our group has found that 72% of women used at least one type of alternative modality and about half of them used two types of non-conventional therapies after breast cancer diagnosis. One of the most popular and well-standardized forms of alternative medicine used among women with breast cancer is traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). We propose an innovative research plan that would constitute the first attempt to assess the toxicity and efficacy of a Chinese herbal therapy (CHT) regimen designed by our team as adjunctive treatment to ameliorate multiple side effects of chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer. This clinical trial and outcomes assessment tools have been piloted at the UCSF Breast Care Center with 9 patients and we now propose to conduct the complete Phase I/II randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial with 60 study participants. The aims of our study are to assess the safety of CHT and to gather preliminary data on efficacy terms of ameliorating symptoms by comparing the CHT treatment group to a control group. The information on safety and feasibility would be necessary to design a future more definitive randomized Phase III study evaluating the efficacy of CHT to abate the side effects of chemotherapy. An effect size would also be estimated from the pilot trial and utilized to calculate the sample size for the Phase III study. This research project is not only innovative in its clinical question but it is also novel by bringing together the expertise of three TCM practitioners with expert clinical trialists to address the usefulness of alternative medicine to treat breast cancer. Ellis model of multi-disciplinary integrative medical research for breast cancer could be applied to numerous other settings and different treatment modalities.
Animal Product Labeling and Animal Welfare
Creators: name: Teson, Jacquelyn C.
name: Rodriguez, Amanda S.
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: The farmer and consumer benefits of animal product labeling and their association with animal welfare
description: The animal production market impacts the economy, provides food, affects consumer health, and contributes to environmental issues.  As consumers begin to learn about the different methods of animal production, a growing market for organic and naturally produced animal products has arisen and organizations have been created to promote animal welfare.  These organizations invent their own food labels which require producers to adhere to higher animal welfare standards, which consumers can use to better choose which products they want to purchase and support.  As our service project, we created a comprehensive fact sheet representing seven more common food labels.  We selected one label, Global Animal Partnership, to promote.  We are compiling a list of local farmers to contact in order to spread awareness about the labels in the farming community.  In addition, we sent messages to newspapers to help increase consumer and farmer awareness. We hope that more farmers will use the GAP scale to label their foods and consumers will begin to recognize and purchase more products which use the GAP scale. This will ultimately improve animal welfare, human health, and reduce environmental issues caused by intensive farming practices.
Psittocythere psitta Hobbs & Walton 1975, new species
Creators: name: Williams, Bronwyn W.
name: Weaver, Patricia G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Entocytheridae
Psittocythere
Psittocythere psitta

description: * Psittocythere psitta Hobbs & Walton, 1975
1975 Psittocythere psitta new species.—Hobbs & Walton: 16, 18–19, Fig. 2l–p (D, H, R, T).
2014a Psittocythere psitta Hobbs & Walton, 1975.—Mestre, Monrós & Mesquita-Joanes: 949 (C).
2017 Psittocythere psitta Hobbs & Walton, 1975.—Weaver & Williams: 579 (R).
description: Published as part of Williams, Bronwyn W. & Weaver, Patricia G., 2018, A historical review of the taxonomy and classification of Entocytheridae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Podocopida), pp. 1-129 in Zootaxa 4448 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4448.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1444492
Anaerobic Digestion for Rutgers
Creators: name: Patel, Kirmi
name: Tricarico, Martin K.
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: An analysis of anaerobic digestion for the disposal of food waste and its potential advantages for Rutgers University
description: Food waste can be recycled just like paper and plastic. Food waste is rich in organic materials, rich in carbon and hydrogen. Combinations of carbon and hydrogen can produce large amounts of energy. Fuels, like gasoline, are made of long carbon and hydrogen chains. Being that these elements are present in the food that we throw away every day, it is a waste to not utilize them. Processes such as anaerobic digestion can convert carbon sources in food waste into methane which can be burned to produce energy. Anaerobic digestion also produces natural fertilizer which can be used to fertilize crops. This process would be very useful and practical if implemented at Rutgers University, which currently pays to have their food waste hauled away. This is a waste of a potentially valuable carbon source which has yet to be tapped. If Rutgers were to implement this system of food waste disposal, the University would become much more environmentally friendly and be able to produce some of its own electricity. For this reason, a petition has been created to gain support for implementation of anaerobic digestion at Rutgers. Once completed, this petition will be presented to dining services in an attempt to have this system put in place.
The Breast Tumor Suppressor Function of Hyaluronidase
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The enzyme hyaluronidase appears to interfere with metastasic spread of breast cancer through three mechanisms. Two of the requirements for cancer cells to metastasize are that they must become motile, and that they must have a space into which to move. Hyaluronan (HA) accomplishes both of these tasks. Hyaluronan is a carbohydrate polymer on the surface of cancer cells that hydrates, expands, and opens up spaces around cancer cells, enabling them to invade surrounding tissues. It is also involved in the development of motility. Hyaluronidase, the enzyme that breaks down HA, eliminates this mechanism for cancer cell spread. Hyaluronidase appears to have other direct effects on cancer cells. The receptor for HA, CD44, functions as an anchor to bind HA to the cancer cell surface. CD44 comes in a variety of forms, a short form found on normal cells, and longer variants that occur on motile cancer cells. A portion of CD44 protrudes through the surface membrane into the cell cytoplasm, where it interacts with the cytoskleleton, the machinery for cell movement. Experimentally, inserting this longer cancer form of CD44 into benign tumor cells changes them into cancer cells that aggressively metastasize. Hyaluronidase eliminates the cancer cells' ability to move, by converting the long cancer form of CD44 to the short "normal" immobile form. Remarkably, hyaluronidase also causes established breast cancers to shrink.

 In mice with human breast cancer, inoculation of hyaluronidase i.v. shrinks the tumor to half its size in four days. If malignant cells cannot maintain motility and thus invasiveness, and if the tumor cannot progress or grow, it apparently must undergo regression. This third function of hyaluronidase is not understood, but may follow from the first two functions. Hyaluronidase may also prevent progression of human breast cancer, and it does not have the devastating toxic side effects of other anticancer agents. We will vary injection schedules, and modify the enzyme chemically, to stabilize activity, in order to maximize the anticancer effect in mice, in preparation for clinical trials. Simultaneously, we will examine breast cancer cells in culture using molecular and cell biology to determine precisely how hyaluronidase regulates this alternative splicing of CD44. We postulate that HA regulates its own receptor. When HA bound to CD44 is present outside the cell, tags are placed on the intracellular portion of CD44. We have identified these specific tagging enzymes or phosphokinases, and when they are inactivated by techniques involving antisense or mirror image DNA, CD44 converts to its short form, as CD44 does in response to hyaluronidase. Understanding these events in the regulation of CD44 will make it possible to develop a new generation of anticancer drugs that prevent the metastases associated with breast cancer progression.
Girl Scout Obesity Prevention Program
Creators: name: LaFonte, Caitlin R.
name: Tyburski, Ashley L.
name: Fagan, Julie M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2011

description: The lack of information and many misconceptions are to blame for the lag in decreased obesity rates. A program that combines exercise and nutritional education is the basis for a successful program.
description: The health problems that are linked with obesity are well known. These include diabetes, heart disease, and thyroid disorders, to name a few. But yet, the number of Americans diagnosed with obesity is still rapidly increasing, especially in children. The knowledge of the health problems linked to obesity alone is not enough to create successful methods to curb the trend of increasing obesity in the United States. The lack of proper knowledge and transfer of information in exercise and nutrition, misconceptions surrounding prevention, and improper timing and learning techniques have all resulted in unsuccessful programs for the prevention of childhood obesity. A successful program would need to include a hands-on, long term project, which encourages children to become active in the issue and retain the information learned and practiced.  The program would also need to be expandable in order to start small, but be able to grow to incorporate many children. The service project focuses on a Brownie Girl Scout Troop in Moorestown, NJ. The girl scouts partake in an informational meeting where they create charts to track their eating and exercise habits for a month and learn all about prevention of obesity. Then, after a month of completion, they will have a final meeting where they will demonstrate what they have learned, and earn a patch to display on their Brownie vests. This patch will be a symbol of their knowledge and practice of obesity prevention, as well as motivation to keep up the proper nutrition and exercise for years to come.  The girl scouts were targeted because the program could be extended to troops all over the country. This project will incorporate all techniques needed to properly teach the girl scouts about prevention in ways that they will retain, use, and pass on the information, as well as lay the framework for a project that can be passed on to a magnitude of children.
Axina macilenta Opitz 2020, new species
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Axina
Axina macilenta

description: Axina macilenta Opitz, new species
Figures 70, 85.
Type material. Holotype. Female. Type locality: Mineiro Goyaz, BRÉSIL. A second label reads: 202. A third label reads: MUSEUM PARIS, BRÉSIL, GOYAS: MINEIRO, H. DONCKIER, 1912 (MNHN).
Diagnosis. The atypical narrow body form, as depicted in Fig. 85, will distinguish the members of this species from congeners.
Description. Size. Length 12.0 mm; width 2.2 mm. Form. As in Fig. 85. Color. Cranium castaneous; antenna testaceous; thorax, legs, and abdomen flavotestaceous; elytra bicolorous, mostly flavotestaceous, each elytron with basal and subapical broad dark brown fascia. Head. Cranium finely punctate, frons about as wide as length of antennal pedicel; EW/FW 50/15. Thorax. Pronotum finely punctate, with 2 tumescences, concave at middle; PW/ PL 110/140; elytra, few asetiferous punctures concentrated in middle of disc proximal to sutural margin EL/EW 500/80. Abdomen. Pygidium scutiform.
Distribution (for map see Fig. 70). This species is known from Brazil.
Etymology. The specific epithet, macilenta, is a Latin adjective derived from macer (= thin). I refer to the narrow body form of this beetle.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2020, Taxonomic revision of the Western Hemisphere checkered beetle genus Axina Kirby (Coleoptera: Cleridae: Clerinae), pp. 1-70 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (793) on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4564947
Sagittocythere , Hart 1962
Creators: name: Williams, Bronwyn W.
name: Weaver, Patricia G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Entocytheridae
Sagittocythere

description: Sagittocythere Hart, 1962
1961a Runki Group Crawford, 1959.—Hart & Hobbs: 173, 174, 175, 180, all in part (K, R).
1961a Barri Subgroup.—Hart & Hobbs: 174, 175 (K, R).
1962 Sagittocythere, new genus.—Hart: 125, 135 (C, K, T).
1963 Sagittocythere.—Hart: 51 (C).
1965 Sagittocythere.—Hobbs: 160, 163 (K, R).
1966 Sagittocythere Hart (1962).—Hobbs & Hart: 37 (K).
1968 Sagittocythere Hart, 1962.—Ferguson: 502 (C).
1969a Sagittocythere Hart, 1962.—Hart & Hart: 183, 185, 186, 187, Figs. 5, 11 (D, E, R).
1969b Sagittocythere.—Hart & Hart: 158 (R, T).
1970 Sagittocythere, Hart, 1962:135.—Hobbs & Hobbs: 1, 2 (C, K).
1971 Sagittocythere Hart, 1962:135.—Hobbs Jr.: 19, 54 (C).
1974 Sagittocythere Hart, 1962.—Hart & Hart: viii, 10, 15, 18, 99, 114, 115, Fig. 36 (D, H, K, R, T).
1974 Sagittocythere Hart, 1962.—Hartmann & Puri: 50 (C).
1975 Sagittocythere Hart, 1962.—Hart & Hart: 42–43 (C, D, H).
1975 Sagittocythere Hart, 1962.—Hobbs: 281, 290 (C, D).
1977 Sagittocythere.—Hobbs & Peters: 21 (R).
2000 Sagittocythere.—Culver et al.: 400 (C).
2010 Sagittocythere Hart, 1962.—Smith & Delorme: 748, 771 (C, K).
2017 Sagittocythere.—Weaver & Williams: 577 (K).
Remarks: Hart & Hart (1974: 114) mistakenly list the hosts of Sagittocythere as “crayfishes of the family Astacidae.” Sagittocythere is known only from crayfishes in the family Cambaridae. This error was repeated in Hart & Hart (1975: 43).
description: Published as part of Williams, Bronwyn W. & Weaver, Patricia G., 2018, A historical review of the taxonomy and classification of Entocytheridae (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Podocopida), pp. 1-129 in Zootaxa 4448 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4448.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1444492