cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neutron Activation Analyses (NAA) Investigation of Transition-Metal Impurities Contents in Solar-Grade Silicon Feedstock for Directional Solidification of Photovoltaic HEM Silicon Ingot
Creators: name: Chettat, Y.
name: Hamidatou, L.
name: Salhi, M.
name: Slamene, H.
name: Lami, A.
name: Benmounah, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 996-1000
description: The degradation of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) Lifetime is mainly caused by defects such as: precipitates, inclusions,
dislocations and transition-metals impurities simply known by traps or lifetime killers. The main source of theses
contaminants are diffusion from solar silica crucible, silicon nitride coating and solar grade silicon feedstock starting
material. Some impurities such Ta, W, V, Nb and Fe are very dangerous and can degrade the efficiency of the silicon
solar cell at very low concentrations. Therefore, a strict control of the silicon feedstock material specifications via using
very high sensitive analytical technique for traces and ultra-traces analyses is more than necessary. In this work we have
used an advanced high sensitivity and multi elementary analytical technique such Neutron Activation Analyses (NAA)
which require no chemicals treatment for sample preparation in attempt to determine exactly which transition-metal
impurities and with which concentrations they are present in three different batch samples of solar grade silicon feedstock
supplied by Silicon Recycling Services (SRS) supplier, and three other different standards mc-Si wafers from the edge of
the silicon ingot obtained by HEM crystallization of thereof solar grade silicon feedstock. We have used also a lifetime
tester type Sinton WCT-120 in mode QSSPC to investigate the electrical quality of the heart of the silicon ingot. The
obtained results show that silicon feedstock material and mc-Si ingot (wafers) are heavily contaminated by transition and
alkaline metals impurities. The main dominates metallic impurities found in the silicon feedstock material are : Mo, Nd,
Zr, W, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Au, Sc, Ce, La, Th, Rb, and Ba, Ca, Na, K with concentrations exceeding thousand-folds theirsholds
concentrations in silicon feedstock material, and the dominates metallic impurities found in mc-Si wafers are: W,
Fe, Cr, Co, Ag, Sc, Ce, La, Hf with concentrations exceeding hundred-folds their-sholds in mc-Si type P for photovoltaic
application, and that the lifetime seems to be remarkably degraded with only 4,8 μs max in the heart of the ingot. This
degradation is mainly caused by the intense transition metal-contamination of silicon feedstock material.
Coflow turbulence of superfluid ${}^4$He in a square channel: Vortices trapped on a cylindrical attractor
Creators: name: Ikawa, Shinichi
name: Tsubota, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a numerical simulation of the dynamics of quantized vortices produced by coflow in a square channel using the vortex filament model. Unlike the situation in thermal counterflow, where the superfluid velocity $v_{\rm s}$ and normal-fluid velocity $v_{\rm n}$ flow in opposite directions, in coflow, $v_{\rm s}$ and $v_{\rm n}$ flow in the same direction. Quantum turbulence in thermal counterflow has been long studied theoretically and experimentally, and its various features have been revealed.In recent years, an experiment on quantum turbulence in coflow has been performed to observe different features of thermal counterflow. By supposing that $v_{\rm s}$ is uniform and $v_{\rm n}$ takes the Hagen-Poiseuille profile, which is different from the experiment where $v_{\rm n}$ is thought to be turbulent, we calculate the coflow turbulence. Vortices preferentially accumulate on the surface of a cylinder for $v_{\rm s} \simeq v_{\rm n}$ by mutual friction; namely, the coflow turbulence has an attractor. How strongly the vortices are attracted depends on the temperature and velocity. The length of the vortices increases as the vortices protruding from the cylindrical attractor continue to wrap around it. As the vortices become dense on the attractor, they spread toward its interior by their repulsive interaction. Then, the superfluid velocity profile induced by the vortices gradually mimics the normal-fluid velocity profile. This is an indication of velocity matching, which is an important feature of coflow turbulence.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Topological substitutions and Rauzy fractals
Creators: name: Bédaride, Nicolas
name: Hilion, Arnaud
name: Jolivet, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider two families of planar self-similar tilings of different nature: the tilings consisting of translated copies of the fractal sets defined by an iterated function system, and the tilings obtained as a geometrical realization of a topological substitution (an object of purely combinatorial nature). We establish a link between the two families in a specific case, by defining an explicit topological substitution and by proving that it generates the same tilings as those associated with the Tribonacci Rauzy fractal.
description: 29 pages, 13 figures.To appear. Bulletin de la Soci\'et\'e Math\'ematiques de France. 2017
Performance of FBR Blended Cz Wafers
Creators: name: Nordseth, O.
name: Boulfrad, Y.
name: Garrett, G.
name: Søndenå, R.
name: Chuan You, C.C.
name: Syre Wiig, M.S.
name: Zhu, J.
name: Thomassen, B.
name: Foss, S.E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1005-1007
description: In this study a comparison of the properties and performance of p-type Czochralski (Cz) silicon wafers
produced with different feedstocks has been performed. Two Cz ingots were produced, where one ingot was made
from virgin polycrystalline feedstock (Poly) and a second ingot was made from a blend of 80 % Poly and 20 %
granular silicon made by the fluidized bed reactor (FBR) technology. The positional dependence of the cell
performance and light induced degradation were measured showing little or no correlation between the measurements
and the feedstock choice. A 0.1 % (abs.) higher cell efficiency for FBR blended wafers was observed.
Ultralow-density double-layer silica aerogel fabrication for the intact capture of cosmic dust in low-Earth orbits
Creators: name: Tabata, Makoto
name: Kawai, Hideyuki
name: Yano, Hajime
name: Imai, Eiichi
name: Hashimoto, Hirofumi
name: Yokobori, Shin-ichi
name: Yamagishi, Akihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fabrication of an ultralow-density hydrophobic silica aerogel for the intact capture cosmic dust during the Tanpopo mission is described. The Tanpopo experiment performed on the International Space Station orbiting the Earth includes the collection of terrestrial and interplanetary dust samples on a silica aerogel capture medium exposed to space for later ground-based biological and chemical analyses. The key to the mission's success is the development of high-performance capture media, and the major challenge is to satisfy the mechanical requirements as a spacecraft payload while maximizing the performance for intact capture. To this end, an ultralow-density (0.01 g cm$^{-3}$) soft aerogel was employed in combination with a relatively robust 0.03 g cm$^{-3}$ aerogel. A procedure was also established for the mass production of double-layer aerogel tiles formed with a 0.01 g cm$^{-3}$ surface layer and a 0.03 g cm$^{-3}$ open-topped, box-shaped base layer, and 60 aerogel tiles were manufactured. The fabricated aerogel tiles have been demonstrated to be suitable as flight hardware with respect to both scientific and safety requirements.
description: To be published in J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
High-Productive Aluminum Deposition of Back Contacts for Hetero-Junction Solar Cells by Electron Beam Evaporation
Creators: name: Heinß, J.-P.
name: Schlemm, H.
name: Wünsch, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing and Processing

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 961-965
description: Currently back contacts of Silicon HJT (Hetero Junction Technology) cells are sputtered or screen printed Ag-layers or structures. The present work aims to replace these cost-intensive manufacturing steps by electron beam evaporation of aluminum using axial beam guns.
Al-layers of the necessary thickness have been evaporated with a dynamic deposition rate of up to 3000 nm.m/min while keeping the solar cell below 200°C to avoid any thermal damage of underlying layers and junctions.
The deposited aluminum layers exhibit specific electrical resistance of 2.8.10-6 Ω.cm, specific electrical contact resistance of 10-3 Ω.cm2 and more than 92 % averaged reflection in the NIR.
By exchanging only the metallization step in a standard HJT cell processing without further process-optimization lead to cell efficiencies of 20.6 %.
It can be stated that the electron beam evaporation can meet the technical and economical demands of the HJT production process. The high deposition rate can ensure the rear-side metallization of a 100 MW production line in one single deposition equipment.
Quantum Tunneling from the Charged Non-Rotating BTZ Black Hole with GUP
Creators: name: Sadeghi, Jafar
name: Shajiee, Vahid Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper, the quantum corrections to the temperature, entropy and specific heat capacity of the charged non-rotating BTZ black hole are studied by generalized uncertainty principle in tunneling formalism. It is shown that quantum corrected entropy would be of the form of predicted entropy in quantum gravity theories like string theory and loop quantum gravity.
description: 9 pages, Version accepted for publication in EPJ Plus
Multiway Powersort
Creators: name: Gelling, William Cawley
name: Nebel, Markus E.
name: Smith, Benjamin
name: Wild, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a stable mergesort variant, Multiway Powersort, that exploits existing runs and finds nearly-optimal merging orders for k-way merges with negligible overhead. This builds on Powersort (Munro & Wild, ESA2018), which has recently replaced Timsort's suboptimal merge policy in the CPython reference implementation of Python, as well as in PyPy and further libraries. Multiway Powersort reduces the number of memory transfers, which increasingly determine the cost of internal sorting (as observed with Multiway Quicksort (Kushagra et al., ALENEX 2014; Aumüller & Dietzfelbinger, TALG 2016; Wild, PhD thesis 2016) and the inclusion of Dual-Pivot Quicksort in the Java runtime library). We demonstrate that our 4-way Powersort implementation can achieve substantial speedups over standard (2-way) Powersort and other stable sorting methods without compromising the optimally run-adaptive performance of Powersort.
description: 17 pages; accompanying source code at https://github.com/sebawild/powersort; v2 adds new figure and text changes. v2 is identical to the ALENEX 2023 version
Earthquake Phase Association with Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: McBrearty, Ian W.
name: Beroza, Gregory C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Seismic phase association connects earthquake arrival time measurements to their causative sources. Effective association must determine the number of discrete events, their location and origin times, and it must differentiate real arrivals from measurement artifacts. The advent of deep learning pickers, which provide high rates of picks from closely overlapping small magnitude earthquakes, motivates revisiting the phase association problem and approaching it using the methods of deep learning. We have developed a Graph Neural Network associator that simultaneously predicts both source space-time localization, and discrete source-arrival association likelihoods. The method is applicable to arbitrary geometry, time-varying seismic networks of hundreds of stations, and is robust to high rates of sources and input picks with variable noise and quality. Our Graph Earthquake Neural Interpretation Engine (GENIE) uses one graph to represent the station set and another to represent the spatial source region. GENIE learns relationships from data in this combined representation that enable it to determine robust source and source-arrival associations. We train on synthetic data, and test our method on real data from the Northern California (NC) seismic network using input generated by the PhaseNet deep learning phase picker. We successfully re-detect ~96% of all events M>1 reported by the USGS during 500 random days between 2000$\unicode{x2013}$2022. Over a 100-day continuous interval of processing in 2017$\unicode{x2013}$2018, we detect ~4.2x the number of events reported by the USGS. Our new events have small magnitude estimates below the magnitude of completeness of the USGS catalog, and are located close to the active faults and quarries in the region. Our results demonstrate that GENIE can effectively solve the association problem under complex seismic monitoring conditions.
Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Semi-Transparent Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Makris, T.
name: Skuras, E.
name: Long, A.R.
name: Santamaria, A.
name: Fleming, P.
name: Chowdhury, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing and Processing

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 972-975
description: Experimental results from the fabrication and electrical characterization of semi-transparent monocrystalline
Si solar cells, with transparencies exceeding 10%, are presented. The semi-transparency is achieved by
laser-cutting ellipses through industrially-manufactured mono-crystalline Si cells. The ellipses are designed to be
distributed uniformly over the whole surface area of the highly efficient cells and form two-dimensional periodic
lattices. Depending on their size they are either confined between successive grid lines or intersect them. Incident
sunlight is transmitted through the ellipses. The large number of cutting elements results in a uniform distribution of
the solar radiation transmitted. High efficiencies of 14.2% and 13.2% have already been achieved with 156x156 mm2
semi-transparent mono-crystalline Si solar cells consisting of 91 and 106 ellipses respectively. In our newly-designed
semi-transparent Si cells presented in this paper, ellipses with considerably larger sizes are used. In these cells both
transparencies and the corresponding efficiencies exceed 10%.
Superconducting phase diagrams of cuprates and pnictides as a key to the HTSC mechanism
Creators: name: Mitsen, K. V.
name: Ivanenko, O. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reviews experimental phase diagrams of cuprates and pnictides to demonstrate that specific features of the superconducting phase diagrams in bothHTSC families can be understood within the framework of the proposed approach,which assumes the formation, under heterovalent doping, of localized trion complexes consisting of a doped carrier and charge transfer (CT) excitons. The geometry of such cells containing CT excitons (CT plaquettes) in the basal plane of the crystal is determined by its crystal structure and the type of dopant, so that the dopant concentration range corresponding to the existence of a percolation cluster of CT plaquettes can be readily determined for each particular compound. These dopant concentration ranges coincide with good accuracy with the experimental ranges of superconducting domes in the phase diagrams of the HTSC compounds considered. The generation of free carriers and the mechanism of superconducting pairing in this pattern is related to biexciton complexes (Heitler-London centers) emerging in neighboring CT plaquettes.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures
Monofacial IV Measurements of Bifacial Silicon Solar Cells in an Inter-Laboratory Comparison
Creators: name: Rauer, M.
name: Bothe, K.
name: Comparotto, C.
name: Danzl, P.
name: Debucquoy, M.
name: Enjalbert, N.
name: Hohl-Ebinger, J.
name: Manshanden, P.
name: Veschetti, Y.
name: Wong, J.K.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 915-921
description: Standardizing illuminated IV measurements of bifacial solar cells and modules is a central objective for the
introduction of bifacial products into the market. In this paper, the application of monofacial IV measurement conditions
to bifacial solar cells is evaluated in an inter-laboratory comparison among seven research institutes in Europe. Bifacial
silicon solar cells manufactured at five different sites with five different fabrication technologies were used in this
investigation. We demonstrate that several characteristics of the measurement setups which are of minor importance for
the measurement of monofacial solar cells can significantly affect bifacial solar cell measurements: (i) the reflectance of
the measurement chuck and (ii) the electrical conductance of the chuck implying specific contacting schemes. When
dividing the measurement results of this round robin into two groups according to chuck reflectance and conductance, the
deviations in the IV parameters among the different partners are mostly within the uncertainty limits commonly reported
for monofacial solar cell measurements. For standardization of bifacial solar cell measurements, it is therefore important
to define admissible ranges for the chuck reflectance and to specify the contacting scheme in the standard.
A Study of Improving Wafer Quality with the Phosphorus Gettering Process on Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Shih, Z.-Y.
name: Hsieh, W.-C.
name: Yin, H.-W.
name: Chang, J.
name: Chen, M.-Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing and Processing

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 940-942
description: Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells have potential to achieve high efficiencies. To improve the efficiency,
minimizing the recombination at the bulk region is important. Metal impurities in the bulk wafers make recombination sites
and they are the major reason for recombination. Phosphorus (P) gettering was introduced to reduce metal impurities in the
bulk region of Si wafers and then to improve the efficiency of SHJ solar cells fabricated on the wafers. P gettering would be
feasible to improve the efficiency of SHJ solar cells fabricated on P-doped Si wafers.
Influence of Thermal Dry Oxidation Process on the Silicon Solar Cell Emitter Profiling and Performance
Creators: name: Habib, A.
name: Fano, V.
name: Rasool, M.A.
name: Otaegi, A.
name: Gutiérrez, J.R.
name: Jimeno, J.C.
name: Ahmed, M.T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 896-900
description: In this work our target is to obtain low surface emitter concentration with Gaussian profilesdue to that
have a strongly effect on solar cell efficiency. Two kinds of phosphorus profiles were proceed experimentally, the first
emitter profile is obtained with only pre-deposition process for various diffusion temperature and the second emitter
profile by adding a drive-in after introducing thermal dry oxidation step after diffusion process for various diffusion
temperature. Diffusion profiles after Dry oxidation process predict a reduction in surface recombination due to removing
the inactive phosphorus layer that is play as recombination centers. Both Voc and Jsc simulation results increased after the
emitter surface concentration has been reduced with the thermal oxidation process.The Voc and Jscvaluescalculated by
PC1D, using a Gaussian model with values of the emitter surface concentration Ns and sheet resistance for the
corresponding values of depth junction. The first emitters show maximum efficiencies using Pc1D simulation program
about (≈16-19%) with emitter surface concentration Ns = (0.8-3) x1020cm-3 and junction depth range (0.35-0.6)μm.
For second emitters the surface concentration is reduced with the same diffusion parameters and show improvement of
the maximum efficiencies ( ≈ 20-22.5%) with surface doping concentration s = (0.6-2) ×1019 (cm-3) and junction
depth range of (1.3-2.3)μm. Silicon solar cell performance and parameters are improved after the thermal dry oxidation
process and become more efficient.
Theory of magnon-polaritons in quantum Ising materials
Creators: name: Mckenzie, R. D.
name: Libersky, M.
name: Silevitch, D. M.
name: Rosenbaum, T. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of magnon-polaritons in quantum Ising materials, and develop a formalism describing the coupling between light and matter as an Ising system is tuned through its quantum critical point. The theory is applied to Ising materials having multilevel single-site Hamiltonians, in which multiple magnon modes are present, such as the insulating Ising magnet LiHoF$_4$ . We find that the magnon-photon coupling strengths may be tuned by the applied transverse field, with the coupling between the soft mode present in the quantum Ising material and a photonic resonator mode diverging at the quantum critical point of the material. A fixed system of spins will not exhibit the diamagnetic response expected when light is coupled to mobile spins or atoms. Without the diamagnetic response, one expects a divergent magnon-photon coupling strength to lead to a superradiant quantum phase transition. However, this neglects the effects of damping and decoherence present in any real system. We show that damping and decoherence may block the superradiant quantum phase transition, and lead to weak coupling between the soft magnon mode and the resonator mode. The results of the theory are applied to experimental data on the model system LiHoF$_4$ in a microwave resonator.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Inverted Random Pyramids: Generation in HF-HCl-Cl2-Solutions and Simulation of the Influence of Surface Texture on Light Absorption in PERC Solar Cells
Creators: name: Stapf, A.
name: Gondek, C.
name: Nattrodt, P.
name: Kroke, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 901-903
description: The Texturization of crystalline silicon wafers by wet-chemical treatment is commonly used for the
enhancement of light absorption in solar cells. Recent studies of anisotropic acidic etchants based on HF-HCl-Cl2 led to an
innovative random inverted pyramid surface structure. By using the ‘wafer ray tracer’ of pvlighthouse.com.au the
theoretical light absorption properties of the random inverted pyramid structure were compared to the well-known textures
for PERC solar cells. We simulated pyramidal and inverted pyramidal structures with monomodal sizes and with various
average pyramid widths. Besides, simulation of a PERC solar cell on the roof top (30°, south) of our building in Freiberg
(N 50°55'32.16'', E 13°19'58.43'') on June 21st, 2016 (solstitium) was performed. The results encourage further
development of new textures on monocrystalline silicon wafers by maskless acidic wet chemical treatment with HF-HCloxidant
mixtures.
Automated Statistical Algorithms to Interpret Root Cause Variance in Photovoltaic Cell Manufacturing
Creators: name: Evans, R.
name: Boreland, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing and Processing

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 925-928
description: This study presents the use of a multivariate statistical approach known as Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)
to help interpret the sources of variance in end-of-line performance data. Using only the measured relationships between the
Jsc, Voc, FF and Rs, it is shown that through the use of a path model, it is possible to infer the variance associated with a change
in the front screen printed grid. This calculation is shown to closely match the variance contribution estimated directly from
the actual measured finger width of the front screen. These models are very powerful and can be run automatically to detect
changes in the sources of variance in production over time, and to trigger action. Depending on the available data, these models
can become detailed and complex, and they can also be used to determine the most valuable and cost effective metrology for
running a stable production process.
Bubble-like structures generated by activation of internal shape modes in two-dimensional sine-Gordon line solitons
Creators: name: García-Ñustes, Mónica A.
name: González, Jorge A.
name: Marín, Juan F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear waves that collide with localized defects exhibit complex behavior. Apart from reflection, transmission, and annihilation of an incident wave, a local inhomogeneity can activate internal modes of solitons, producing many impressive phenomena. In this work, we investigate a two-dimensional sine-Gordon model perturbed by a family of localized forces. We observed the formation of bubble-like and drop-like structures due to local internal shape modes instabilities. We describe the formation of such structures on the basis of a one-dimensional theory of activation of internal modes of sG solitons. An interpretation of the observed phenomena, in the context of phase transitions theory, is given. Implications in Josephson junctions with a current dipole device are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Flavor Structures of Quarks and Leptons from Flipped SU(5) GUT with $A_4$ Modular Flavor Symmetry
Creators: name: Du, Xiao Kang
name: Wang, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to generate the flavor structures of the Standard Model plus neutrinos from flipped SU(5) GUT with $A_4$ modular flavor symmetry. Possible way to assign different moduli values for quarks and leptons in modular GUT scheme is discussed. We propose to reduce the multiple modular symmetries to a single modular symmetry in the low energy effective theory with proper boundary conditions. We classify all possible scenarios in this scheme according to the assignments of the modular $A_4$ representations for matter superfields and give the expressions of the quark and lepton mass matrices predicted by our scheme at the GUT scale. After properly selecting the modular weights for various superfields that can lead to better fitting, we can obtain the best-fit points with the corresponding $χ^2$ values for the sample subscenarios. We find that the flavor structures of the Standard Model plus neutrinos can be fitted perfectly in such a $A_4$ modular flavor GUT scheme with single or two modulus fields. Especially, the $χ^2_{total}$ of our fitting can be as low as $1.558$ for sample ${\bf IX^\prime}$ of scenario ${\bf III}$ even if only a single common modulus field for both quark and lepton sectors is adopted. The most predictive scenario ${\bf III}$, in which all superfields transform as triplets of $A_4$, can be fitted much better with two independent moduli fields $τ_q,τ_l$ for quark sector and lepton sector ($χ^2_{total}\approx 95$) than that with the single modulus case ($χ^2_{total}\approx 282.4$).
description: 49 pages, 8 tables. Version accepted by JHEP
A Comparison of Different Laser Separation Methods for Half Cell Production
Creators: name: Röth, J.
name: Kaufmann, K.
name: Eiternick, S.
name: Belgardt, C.
name: Grimm, M.
name: Bernhard, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 839-841
description: Thermal Laser Separation (TLS) and Laser Induced Cutting (LIC) for manufacturing of half-cell solar
modules are compared with respect to crack deviation and the current–voltage-characteristics, especially the shunt
resistance. First the process window of each process was investigated. It turns out, that the TLS process has a wider
process window compared to the LIC method. This results in a better process stability of TLS. A glance at the crack
deviations shows a similar situation. The TLS process is more accurate than LIC. We measured a 52% increase of the
mean deviation range. In addition we observed a wider distribution by using the LIC technique. This fact again
emphasizes the higher process stability using TLS. The shunt resistance measurement shows a non-significant
difference between the two separation methods. In conclusion, criteria in favor of TLS are the higher accuracy, a
larger process window, which acts as an indicator for a high process stability, and a high shunt resistance.
A Simulation Study of Depletion Effect of Negatively Charged Passivation Layer on n-Type Back-Contact Back-Junction Silicon Solar Cell
Creators: name: Wei, C.-M.
name: Li, C.-C.
name: Chung, C.-C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 871-873
description: In this study, the effect of fixed charges contained in the passivation films that are applied to the gap
region of back-contact back-junction (BCBJ) solar cells has been demonstrated by numerical device simulation.
Usually, the BCBJ solar cells are fabricated with n-type Si wafers. It is found that the negatively charged passivation
film results in an additional depletion region near the surface of the gap region of the BCBJ solar cell while the
positively charged passivation film does not. This additional depletion region would also lead to a larger carrier
generation rate under reverse bias, which might in turn which might in turn makes larger the current under reverse
bias and smaller the shunt resistance. Based on the observed results, experiments can be planned to effectively
improve the cell performance with reduced RSHUNT by optimizing the charge state of the passivation film.
Pre-big bang geometric extensions of inflationary cosmologies
Creators: name: Klein, David
name: Reschke, Jake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83F05, 83C10

description: Robertson-Walker spacetimes within a large class are geometrically extended to larger cosmologies that include spacetime points with zero and negative cosmological times. In the extended cosmologies, the big bang is lightlike, and though singular, it inherits some geometric structure from the original spacetime. Spacelike geodesics are continuous across the cosmological time zero submanifold which is parameterized by the radius of Fermi space slices, i.e, by the proper distances along spacelike geodesics from a comoving observer to the big bang. The continuous extension of the metric, and the continuously differentiable extension of the leading Fermi metric coefficient $g_{ττ}$ of the observer, restrict the geometry of spacetime points with pre-big bang cosmological time coordinates. In our extensions the big bang is two dimensional in a certain sense, consistent with some findings in quantum gravity.
description: 48 pages, 2 figures
Excitons and trions in WSSe monolayers
Creators: name: Olkowska-Pucko, Katarzyna
name: Blundo, Elena
name: Zawadzka, Natalia
name: Cianci, Salvatore
name: Vaclavkova, Diana
name: Kapuściński, Piotr
name: Jana, Dipankar
name: Pettinari, Giorgio
name: Felici, Marco
name: Nogajewski, Karol
name: Bartos, Miroslav
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Faugeras, Clement
name: Potemski, Marek
name: Babiński, Adam
name: Polimeni, Antonio
name: Molas, Maciej R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of almost linear tuning of the band gap and of the electrical and optical properties in monolayers (MLs) of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (S-TMD) alloys opens up the way to fabricate materials with on-demand characteristics. By making use of photoluminescence spectroscopy, we investigate optical properties of WSSe MLs with a S/Se ratio of 57/43 deposited on SiO$_2$/Si substrate and encapsulated in hexagonal BN flakes. Similarly to the $"parent"$ WS$_2$ and WSe$_2$ MLs, we assign the WSSe MLs to the ML family with the dark ground exciton state. We find that, in addition to the neutral bright A exciton line, three observed emission lines are associated with negatively charged excitons. The application of in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields allows us to assign undeniably the bright and dark (spin- and momentum-forbidden) negative trions as well as the phonon replica of the dark spin-forbidden complex. Furthermore, the existence of the single photon emitters in the WSSe ML is also demonstrated, thus prompting the opportunity to enlarge the wavelength range for potential future quantum applications of S-TMDs.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, +ESI
The IBC Structure as Support for Three Band-Gaps Tandem Devices
Creators: name: Jimeno, J.C.
name: Gutiérrez, J.R.
name: Fano, V.
name: Habib, A.
name: Del Cañizo, C.
name: Rasool, M.A.
name: Otaegi, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 845-849
description: The IBC structure is one of the champions in the efficiency competition of silicon devices. Industrial
cells are produced with efficiency values surpassing 24%, what is due to an excellent design in terms of separation
from the region where carriers are energized and emitters where these carriers are selectively separated. Their
position in the back of the cell allows the access to both quasi-Fermi-levels from this surface, and enables the access
to their corresponding levels of top or bottom cells from this place, far away from the entrance of light and
simplifying the design of complex multi-band-gap structures. This paper will shown several of these structures, many
of them achievable with well known materials with technology developed for the microelectronic sector. These
solutions would be to cells with efficiencies in the 30-32 %. Using optimum materials, not clear at this moment, we
estimate a technological limit of 39.4 % for these new structures.
ITO/n-Si Based Solar Cells: The Influence of Interfaces on Solar Cell Efficiency
Creators: name: Simashkevich, A.
name: Bruc, L.
name: Curmei, N.
name: Sherban, D.
name: Rusu, M.
name: Thøgersen, A.
name: Ulyashin, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 850-853
description: The goal of this work is to demonstrate that heterojunction ITO/Si based solar cells fabricated by non-vacuum
spray pyrolysis technique for deposition of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) based layers, can be considered as a promising approach
for the cost effective processing of ITO/n-type Si based solar cells. It is established that preparation of an intermediate layer
between ITO and Si is a crucial step, which determines efficiencies of ITO/Si based solar cells. Two approaches for the
formation of such buffer layer have been considered: (i) chemical etching, which results in a formation of a thin Si porous/
sponge-like ITO/Si interface layer and (ii) low- temperature (~450 C) anneals, which result in a formation of a thin
SiOx layer at the ITO/Si interface. A set of analytical characterization methods (SEM, TEM, EELS, EDS) have been used
for the analysis of individual ITO layers as well as ITO/Si interfaces. It is established that formation of an ultra-thin SiOx
layer at the ITO/Si interface is the most promising route to fabricate heterojunction ITO/Si solar cells with the reasonable
(above 14%) efficiencies at a low-cost. General technological trends, which lead to an improvement of the conversion
efficiency of ITO/Si solar cells, as well as further steps for optimization and improvement of the low-cost processing routes
for ITO/Si solar cells are discussed.
SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detector
Creators: name: Liu, Wei
name: Anguelov, Dragomir
name: Erhan, Dumitru
name: Szegedy, Christian
name: Reed, Scott
name: Fu, Cheng-Yang
name: Berg, Alexander C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a method for detecting objects in images using a single deep neural network. Our approach, named SSD, discretizes the output space of bounding boxes into a set of default boxes over different aspect ratios and scales per feature map location. At prediction time, the network generates scores for the presence of each object category in each default box and produces adjustments to the box to better match the object shape. Additionally, the network combines predictions from multiple feature maps with different resolutions to naturally handle objects of various sizes. Our SSD model is simple relative to methods that require object proposals because it completely eliminates proposal generation and subsequent pixel or feature resampling stage and encapsulates all computation in a single network. This makes SSD easy to train and straightforward to integrate into systems that require a detection component. Experimental results on the PASCAL VOC, MS COCO, and ILSVRC datasets confirm that SSD has comparable accuracy to methods that utilize an additional object proposal step and is much faster, while providing a unified framework for both training and inference. Compared to other single stage methods, SSD has much better accuracy, even with a smaller input image size. For $300\times 300$ input, SSD achieves 72.1% mAP on VOC2007 test at 58 FPS on a Nvidia Titan X and for $500\times 500$ input, SSD achieves 75.1% mAP, outperforming a comparable state of the art Faster R-CNN model. Code is available at https://github.com/weiliu89/caffe/tree/ssd .
description: ECCV 2016
title: Digital Surveying of Large Scale Multi-Layered Terrain
Creators: name: Streicher, Kevin
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: out-of-core
subject: digital terrain surveying
subject: large-scale terrain streaming
subject: uncertainty

description: Digital terrain surveying is the exploration of terrain reconstructions and quantitative analysis of their properties. Out-of-core techniques, such as terrain streaming, are required to perform surveying on large-scale terrains at interactive frame-rates.The polyline based surveying tool from PRo3D, one of the state-of-the-art solutions for planetary geology, was implemented in our tool Visionary. In PRo3D the polylines are subsampled using fixed-rate subsampling (FRSS) at equidistant points. Our method uses variable-rate subsampling (VRSS) and shared-edge detection (SED) as an improvement that finds exact results when neighbouring primitives are hit. Furthermore, an uncertainty metric On-Data Ratio (ODR) was presented to raise awareness about the uncertainty of these measurements. Visionary was developed in the Unity game engine to evaluate if it is a suitable framework for such a specialized tool. We evaluated our implementation against Pro3D.
Sub-mm Emission Line Deep Fields: CO and [CII] Luminosity Functions out to z = 6
Creators: name: Popping, Gergö
name: van Kampen, Eelco
name: Decarli, Roberto
name: Spaans, Marco
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: Trager, Scott C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Now that ALMA is reaching its full capabilities, observations of sub-mm emission line deep fields become feasible. We couple a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation with a radiative transfer code to make predictions for the luminosity function of CO J=1-0 up to CO J=6-5 and [CII] at redshifts z=0-6. We find that: 1) our model correctly reproduces the CO and [CII] emission of low- and high-redshift galaxies and reproduces the available constraints on the CO luminosity function at z<2.75; 2) we find that the CO and [CII] luminosity functions of galaxies increase from z = 6 to z = 4, remain relatively constant till z = 1 and rapidly decrease towards z = 0. The galaxies that are brightest in CO and [CII] are found at z~2; 3) the CO J=3-2 emission line is most favourable to study the CO luminosity and global H2 mass content of galaxies, because of its brightness and observability with currently available sub-mm and radio instruments; 4) the luminosity functions of high-J CO lines show stronger evolution than the luminosity functions of low-J CO lines; 5) our model barely reproduces the available constraints on the CO and [CII] luminosity function of galaxies at z>1.5 and the CO luminosity of individual galaxies at intermediate redshifts. We argue that this is driven by a lack of cold gas in galaxies at intermediate redshifts as predicted by cosmological simulations of galaxy formation.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
ΩMEGA: the Ωrigin of the Morphological Evolution of GAlaxies
Creators: name: Costantin, Luca
name: Pérez-González, Pablo
name: Vega-Ferrero, Jesús
name: Huertas-Company, Marc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: galaxies: evolution
galaxies: formation
galaxies: fundamental parameters
galaxies: photometry
galaxies: stellar content
galaxies: structure

description: How do galaxies shape their morphology through time? How many details of galaxies at cosmic noon are we going to unveil? This contribution aims at presenting the expected performance of JWST imaging observations in constraining the evolution of galaxies and the origin of the Hubble sequence. In particular, I describe NIRCam mock observations of high-redshift galaxies (3<z<6) from the TNG50 cosmological simulation, discussing their parametric and non-parametric morphology. To date, most of the available JWST simulations on the market are based on semi-analytic models and use smooth morphologies (mainly Sérsic profiles) to describe the galaxy light distribution. Providing the need for a more realistic description of the diversified structures of high-redshift galaxies, I describe the creation of synthetic images of about 25,000 galaxies from the suite of TNG50 galaxies tailored for JWST observations at multiple wavelengths. These noiseless images were processed with the mirage simulator to mimic the observational strategy (e.g., noise, dithering pattern, etc.) of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science survey (CEERS), one of the thirteen Early Release Science (ERS) programs approved worldwide. For each galaxy, I present the parametric and non-parametric morphology, comparing the expected performances of NIRCam in characterizing the galaxies' features at different redshift and wavelengths. This analysis provides a fundamental bench test for the forthcoming ERS programs, granting the community realistic mock observations and a catalog of high-redshift galaxies to compare with the first data releases and investigate the best strategy for future observations.
description: Data publicly released at https://www.tng-project.org/costantin22 and at https://www.lucacostantin.com/OMEGA
description: {"references": ["Costantin et al. (2022). Manuscript associated to arXiv:2208.00007"]}
Lead Free Ohmic Connections on High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Skuras, E.
name: Sempros, G.
name: Zoubos, H.
name: Mantzopoulou, E.
name: Giousis, T.
name: Anagnostopoulos, D.
name: Makris, T.
name: Fleming, P.
name: Santamaria, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2016
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cells Improvements and Innovation

description: 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 854-857
description: In this paper, we study lead-free ohmic connections made on highly efficient mono-crystalline Si solar
cells. Flat copper wires coated with either Sn(96.5%)/Ag(3.5%) or Bi(58%)/Sn(42%) eutectic alloys were soldered to
the bus bars of industrially-manufactured Si cells to form environmentally friendly ohmic connections. Different
combinations of preheat and soldering temperatures were tested to establish the optimum conditions for achieving
low resistance ohmic contacts. Temperature uniformity along the 156x156 mm2 front surface of the preheated cells
was monitored using low-cost, self-adhesive irreversible temperature labels. The electrical performance of the Si cells
and their ohmic connections were evaluated from the analysis of the recorded I-V characteristic curves. Efficiencies
up to 18.7% and fill factors up to 78% were deduced. Micro-XRF measurements were performed after the completion
of each individual step in the process used for making the ohmic connections. Analysis of the X-ray fluorescent
spectra has shown compliance with the RoHS directive.