Tolono confusus Carvajal, Rider & Faundez 2015
Creators: name: Carvajal, Mariom
name: Faúndez, Eduardo I.
name: Rider, David A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Acanthosomatidae
Tolono
Tolono confusus

description: Tolono confusus V instar nymph
(Figs. 1-3)
Description. General body shape oval. Dorsum black with orange markings (Fig. 1). Head bell shaped, ventrally orange, dorsally black, with uniform concolorous punctation. Anteclypeus rounded, elongated, surpassing paraclypei, with fine sparse punctation, and finer rugae than rest of head. Paraclypei rounded apically, with transverse concolorous rugae. Eyes reddish, prominent, next to a callous indentation. Ocelli red, very small, contiguous with base of head. Apex of rostrum slightly surpassing mesocoxae. Antennae black, 4-segmented, with short, dense, brown pilosity on last two segments (Fig. 2). Pronotum transversally ovate, black, with a mesial, longitudinal line that reaches apex of protoscutellum. Punctation of pronotum concolorous with surface, denser towards lateral margins. Anterolateral angles indented, each forming an orange cleft with a distinct black band along lateral margin. Humeral angles slightly prominent, pointed apically. Orange transverse bands on each sides of mid line of pronotum, with fine, sparse punctation. Cicatrices on transverse band, elongate in shape, immaculate. Protoscutellum black, isosceles triangle shaped, wider than longer, with fine concolorous punctures, somewhat denser at apex. Orange spot on each side of longitudinal mid-line with small, sparse punctation. Protoclavus black, small, little developed, with a line of concolorous punctures. Pterothecae black, well developed, reaching abdominal tergite III, uniformly punctured. Coxae, trochanters, and femora black, with sparse caramel colored pilosity. Tibiae black, each with a transverse orange band near middle. Tarsi black, 2-segmented, with abundant pilosity. Abdomen red dorsally, darker ventrally. Protoconnexiva black, depressed relative to rest of abdomen, forming a cleft in juncture between each tergite, surrounded by a fine orange band. Dorsal abdominal glands (DAG) black (3) surrounded by an immaculate orange calloused band (Fig. 3). First DAG in a pair, striated, between segments II and III. Second and third DAGs fused, large, ovate in shape. Second DAG between segments III and IV; third DAG between segments IV and V. Spiracles small, dark brown to black.
Measurements (n=2): Total length: 6.67; head length: 1.33; head width: 1.95; pronotum length: 1.22; pronotum width: 3.59; pterothecae length: 2.21; pterothecae width: 1.05; protoscutellum length: 1.34; protoscutellum width: 1.54. Antennae: I=0.43, II =0.97, III =0.83, IV =1.18.
description: Published as part of Carvajal, Mariom, Faúndez, Eduardo I. & Rider, David A., 2022, Description of the V instar nymph of Tolono confusus Carvajal, Rider and Faúndez, 2015 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae), pp. 125-129 in Revista Chilena de Entomología (Rev. Chil. Entomol.) (Rev. Chil. Entomol.) 48 (1) on pages 126-127, DOI: 10.35249/rche.48.1.22.11, http://zenodo.org/record/10950183