cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Weather shocks, food prices and food security: Evidence from South Africa
Creators: name: Kubik, Z.
name: May, J.
name: Kubik, Z.
name: May, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: In this paper, we analyze the food access dimension of food security, and we model the link between weather shocks and food security that acts specifically through food prices. We focus on dietary diversity as a measure of food security, and we employ an instrumental variable model where household dietary diversity is determined by food prices instrumented with standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), a measure of weather shock. Our findings suggest that food prices have a significant negative impact on household food security, i.e. a one per cent increase in local food prices induced by a weather shock decreases the number of food items consumed by household by around 2.5 per cent, and the number of food groups by almost one per cent. The low-income households are particularly vulnerable to weather and price shocks; however, their response to shocks seem to depend on the level of poverty. The moderately poor households from the second wealth quartile show the greatest response to shocks, but the extremely poor household from the first wealth quartile have little scope to decrease their dietary diversity which is already very low. While own food production might alleviate food insecurity of the poorest, it does not insulate them form the weather and food price shocks. Our findings are robust to employing self-reported measures of food security.
In the Mirror of Hegelianism. Michel Henry’s “Religious” Phenomenology
Creators: name: Formisano, Roberto
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2021
Subjects: M-FIL/01 Filosofia teoretica
M-FIL/03 Filosofia morale

description: The paper deals with a research hypothesis targeting the legacy of German idealism to the first foundation of Michel Henry’s “phenomenology of life”. Based on a series of archive documents, the paper reconstitutes the hermeneutical horizon in contrast with which the young Henry (1946-1963) defined his conception about phenomenology, philosophy and religion, i.e., the French existential-Hegelian debate (Wahl, Kojève, Hyppolite). The reconstitution (in the first part of the paper) of this dialogue between the young Henry and the French Hegelianism of 20th century will provide the theoretical framework for the analysis (in the second part) of Henry’s conceptualization of phenomenology and Christianity. The purpose is to investigate the significance of religion as phenomenon (and of its mediation) in Henry’s attempt to rethinking the transcendental relationship between Life and World.
Dynamical Facilitation Governs the Equilibration Dynamics of Glasses
Creators: name: Chacko, Rahul N.
name: Landes, François P.
name: Biroli, Giulio
name: Dauchot, Olivier
name: Liu, Andrea J.
name: Reichman, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Convincing evidence of domain growth in the heating of ultrastable glasses suggests that the equilibration dynamics of super-cooled liquids could be driven by a nucleation and growth mechanism. We investigate this possibility by simulating the equilibration dynamics of a model glass during both heating and cooling between poorly and well-annealed states. Though we do observe the growth of domains during heating, we find that domains are absent during cooling. This absence is inconsistent with classical nucleation theory. By comparing the equilibration dynamics of our glass with that of two models with kinetic constraints, we demonstrate that dynamical facilitation generically leads to heating driven by domain growth and cooling without domains. Our results provide strong evidence that dynamical facilitation, not nucleation and interfacial-tension-driven domain growth, is the driving mechanism for the equilibration dynamics of glass-formers.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures. Supplemental Movies too large for arXiv. Will provide download link once available. Available on request until then
The impact of anti-dumping duty on consumer prices of frozen bone-in chicken portion imports from the European Union
Creators: name: Lubinga, M.
name: Joubert, C.
name: Ngqangweni, S.
name: Nyhodo, B.
name: Lubinga, M.
name: Joubert, C.
name: Ngqangweni, S.
name: Nyhodo, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The South Africa Poultry Association remarks that frozen bone-in portions of fowls are imported at dumping prices, thereby negatively affecting the poultry industry within the entire SACU region. In this paper, we investigate how a 15 percent, 20 percent and 25 percent increase in anti-dumping duties imposed on frozen bone-in portions affects consumer prices. A fixed effect zero-truncated negative binomial regression and a two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) estimator were used in the analysis. Findings suggest that increasing anti-dumping duties will lead to a reduction in imports of frozen bone-in portions and this will translate into higher consumer prices ranging between 28.34 R/kg and 29.71 R/kg.
On the Completeness of Atomic Structure Representations
Creators: name: Pozdnyakov, Sergey N.
name: Willatt, Michael J.
name: Bartók, Albert P.
name: Ortner, Christoph
name: Csányi, Gábor
name: Ceriotti, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-body descriptors are widely used to represent atomic environments in the construction of machine learned interatomic potentials and more broadly for fitting, classification and embedding tasks on atomic structures. It was generally believed that 3-body descriptors uniquely specify the environment of an atom, up to a rotation and permutation of like atoms. We produce several counterexamples to this belief, with the consequence that any classifier, regression or embedding model for atom-centred properties that uses 3 (or 4)-body features will incorrectly give identical results for different configurations. Writing global properties (such as total energies) as a sum of many atom-centred contributions mitigates, but does not eliminate, the impact of this fundamental deficiency -- explaining the success of current "machine-learning" force fields. We anticipate the issues that will arise as the desired accuracy increases, and suggest potential solutions.
Quantum Solution of Classical Turbulence. Decaying Energy Spectrum
Creators: name: Migdal, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a recent advancement that transforms the problem of decaying turbulence in the Navier-Stokes equations in $3+1$ dimensions into a Number Theory challenge: finding the statistical limit of the Euler ensemble. We redefine this ensemble as a Markov chain, establishing its equivalence to the quantum statistical theory of $N$ fermions on a ring, interacting with an external field associated with random fractions of $π$. Analyzing this theory in the turbulent limit, where $N \to \infty$ and $ν\to 0$, we discover the solution as a complex trajectory (instanton) that acts as a saddle point in the path integral over the density of these fermions.
 By computing the contribution of this instanton to the vorticity correlation function, we obtain an analytic formula for the observable energy spectrum -- a complete solution of decaying turbulence derived entirely from first principles without the need for approximations or fitted dimensionless parameters. Our analysis reveals the full spectrum of critical indices in the velocity correlation function in coordinate space, determined by the poles of the Mellin transform, which we prove to be a meromorphic function. Real and complex poles are identified, with the complex poles reflecting dissipation and uniquely determined by the famous complex zeros of the Riemann zeta function.
 Universal functions of the scaling variables supersede the traditional turbulent scaling laws (K41, Heisenberg, and multifractal). These functions for the energy spectrum, energy decay rate, and velocity correlation significantly deviate from power laws but closely match the results from grid turbulence experiments \cite{GridTurbulence_1966, Comte\_Bellot\_Corrsin\_1971} and recent DNS data \cite{SreeniDecaying} within experimental error margins.
description: 38 pages, 28 figures. The paper was refactored as a revised version of the POF submission. All mathematical details went to the Appendix, leaving the ideas, methods and results in the main text. The comparison with DNS was significantly extended, adding new data, strongly supporting this theory and ruling out K41 scaling laws
Quasiparticle spectrum of the hybrid s+g-wave superconductors YNi_2B_2C and LuNi_2B_2C
Creators: name: Maki, Kazumi
name: Won, Hyekyung
name: Haas, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments on single crystals of YNi$_2$B$_2$C have revealed the presence of point nodes in the superconducting energy gap Delta(k} at k = (1,0,0), (0,1,0), (-1,0,0), and (0,-1,0). In this paper we investigate the effects of impurity scattering on the quasiparticle spectrum in the vortex state of s+g-wave superconductors, which is found to be strongly modified in the presence of disorder. In particular, a gap in the quasiparticle energy spectrum is found to open even for infinitesimal impurity scattering, giving rise to exponentially activated thermodynamic response functions, such as the specific heat, the spin susceptibility, the superfluid density, and the nuclear spin lattice relaxation. Predictions derived from this study can be verified by measurements of the angular dependent magnetospecific heat and the magnetothermal conductivity.
description: 8 pages, RevTex, 4 figures
Munidopsis spinipes MacGilchrist 1905
Creators: name: Baba, Keiji
name: Macpherson, Enrique
name: Poore, Gary C. B.
name: Ahyong, Shane T.
name: Bermudez, Adriana
name: Cabezas, Patricia
name: Lin, Chia-Wei
name: Nizinski, Martha
name: Rodrigues, Celso
name: Schnabel, Kareen E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Galatheidae
Munidopsis
Munidopsis spinipes

description: Munidopsis spinipes MacGilchrist, 1905
 Munidopsis spinipes MacGilchrist, 1905: 247 (Bay of Bengal, 1757 m). — Alcock & MacGilchrist, 1905: pl. 70, fig. 2 (no record). — Baba, 2005: 296 (key, synonymies).
Type data: syntypes, ZSIC.
Type locality: Bay of Bengal, 1757 m.
description: Published as part of Baba, Keiji, Macpherson, Enrique, Poore, Gary C. B., Ahyong, Shane T., Bermudez, Adriana, Cabezas, Patricia, Lin, Chia-Wei, Nizinski, Martha, Rodrigues, Celso & Schnabel, Kareen E., 2008, Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura-families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae), pp. 1-220 in Zootaxa 1905 (1) on page 162, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1905.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134587
Additional file 3 of Prognostic models for knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for systematic review, critical appraisal, and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Zhong, Jingyu
name: Si, Liping
name: Zhang, Guangcheng
name: Huo, Jiayu
name: Xing, Yue
name: Hu, Yangfan
name: Zhang, Huan
name: Yao, Weiwu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Supplementary Tables.
Munidopsis townsendi Benedict 1902
Creators: name: Baba, Keiji
name: Macpherson, Enrique
name: Poore, Gary C. B.
name: Ahyong, Shane T.
name: Bermudez, Adriana
name: Cabezas, Patricia
name: Lin, Chia-Wei
name: Nizinski, Martha
name: Rodrigues, Celso
name: Schnabel, Kareen E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Galatheidae
Munidopsis
Munidopsis townsendi

description: Munidopsis townsendi Benedict, 1902
 Munidopsis townsendi Benedict 1902: 290, fig. 33 (Galapagos Islands, 717 m). — Baba, 2005: 297 (key, synonymies).
Type data: holotype, ovigerous female, USNM 26167.
Type locality: Galapagos Islands (between Santa Cruz and San Cristobal Islands, 00°29´00”S, 89°54´30”W), 717 m.
description: Published as part of Baba, Keiji, Macpherson, Enrique, Poore, Gary C. B., Ahyong, Shane T., Bermudez, Adriana, Cabezas, Patricia, Lin, Chia-Wei, Nizinski, Martha, Rodrigues, Celso & Schnabel, Kareen E., 2008, Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura-families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae), pp. 1-220 in Zootaxa 1905 (1) on page 166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1905.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134587
Additional file 12 of Genome compartmentalization predates species divergence in the plant pathogen genus Zymoseptoria
Creators: name: Feurtey, Alice
name: Lorrain, Cécile
name: Croll, Daniel
name: Eschenbrenner, Christoph
name: Freitag, Michael
name: Habig, Michael
name: Haueisen, Janine
name: Möller, Mareike
name: Schotanus, Klaas
name: Stukenbrock, Eva H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 12: Figure S7. Principal component analysis of DESeq2 rlog transformed expression data. Principal component analysis (PCA) of Zymoseptoria tritici IPO323, Zt05 and Zt10 transcripts levels measured in biotrophic (red) and necrotrophic (blue) stages using RNA-sequencing. Reads detected per transcript (counts) were normalized using the size factor method used by DESeq2 package [73]. The PCA plot places biological replicates (four replicates per stage) along the two first PC axes explaining 58 to 65% of the variance (x-axis) and 15 to 25% (y-axis) of the variance within samples, respectively.
Electronic-structure theory of crystalline insulators under homogeneous electric field
Creators: name: Liu, Zhi-Rong
name: Wu, Jian
name: Duan, Wenhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the conventional energy band theory, an approach is presented to describe the electronic structure of crystalline insulators in the presence of a finite homogeneous electric field. The expression of polarization is derived which extends the ``Berry-phase'' theory of polarization to nonzero fields. The characteristics of the solutions are studied in details and the associations with the existing perturbation theories and computational schemes are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Livelihood Diversification and Poverty Among Rural Households in the Capricorn District, Limpopo, South Africa
Creators: name: Maja, T.
name: Oluwatayo, I.
name: Maja, T.
name: Oluwatayo, I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Livelihood diversification has become the backbone for many of the households in rural areas of South Africa and it is perceived as a strategy to cope with the growing population and the rapidly increasing poverty rate. A sizeable number of rural households in South Africa combine two or more jobs to generate more income as possible to enhance their poverty status. Therefore this study was conducted to examine the nexus between poverty and diversification of livelihoods and to ascertain whether the different livelihood diversification strategies engaged in make rural households better-off or worse-off in the study area. A multi-stage and simple random sampling technique was employed to collect data from a sample of 216 respondents. Analytical techniques employed were descriptive statistics, FGT poverty index and the probit regression model. Eight variables were included as explanatory variables in the probit regression and only five variables (gender of the household head, marital status of the household head, years of formal education, household size and member of association) were found to be significant at 10%, 5%, 1%, 1% and 1% respectively. Based on the findings, the study recommends that diversification of livelihood strategies needs to be strengthened among rural household, investment in formal and vocational training should be intensified to increase rural household�s participation in more viable livelihood options in the study area. Keywords: Diversification, Livelihood opportunities, Poverty, Rural households, South Africa
Identifying Jumps and Systematic Risk in Futures
Creators: name: Aravindhakshan, Sijesh C.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Aravindhakshan, Sijesh C.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: A variety of multivariate jump-diffusion models have been suggested as models of asset prices. This paper extends the literature on (joint) mixed jump-diffusion processes in futures markets by using the CRB index futures to represent systematic risk in commodity prices. We derive (joint) mixed bivariate normal distributions and likelihood functions for estimating the parameters of jump-diffusion processes. Likelihood ratio tests are used to select among nested models. The empirical results show the presence of downside jumps and significant systematic risk in wheat futures returns. Amin and Ng’s (1993) model with a single counter of jumps fits better than other jump-diffusion processes considered. The jump components did not have significantly more systematic risk than the continuous component. In terms of wheat prices, one standard deviation jumps are 14 cents per bushel and two standard deviation jumps are 29 cents per bushel and are within the price limits. These jumps occur once in every six business days and are mostly crashes.
The effects of Zn Impurity on the Properties of Doped Cuprates in the Normal State
Creators: name: Song, Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay of quantum impurity, and collective spinon and holon dynamics in Zn doped high-T$_c$ cuprates in the normal state. The two-dimensional t-t$^{\prime}$-J models with one and a small amount of Zn impurity are investigated within a numerical method based on the double-time Green function theory. We study the inhomogeneities of holon density and antiferromagnetic correlation background in cases with different Zn concentrations, and obtain that doped holes tend to assemble around the Zn impurity with their mobility being reduced. Therefore a bound state of holon is formed around the nonmagnetic Zn impurity with the effect helping Zn to introduce local antiferromagnetism around itself. The incommensurate peaks we obtained in the spin structure factor indicate that Zn impurities have effects on mixing the q=($π$, $π$) and q=0 components in spin excitations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The Rotation Of The Deep Solar Layers
Creators: name: Couvidat, S.
name: Garcia, R. A.
name: Turck-Chieze, S.
name: Corbard, T.
name: Henney, C. J.
name: Jimenez-Reyes, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the analysis of low-order GOLF+MDI sectoral modes and LOWL data (l > 3), we derive the solar radial rotation profile assuming no latitudinal dependance in the solar core. These low-order acoustic modes contain the most statistically significant information about rotation of the deepest solar layers and should be least influenced by internal variability associated with the solar dynamo. After correction of the sectoral splittings for their contamination by the rotation of the higher latitudes, we obtain a flat rotation profile down to 0.2 solar radius.
description: accepted in ApJ Letters 5 pages, 2 figures
Anisotropy-driven thermal conductivity switching and thermal hysteresis in a ferroelectric
Creators: name: Seijas-Bellido, Juan Antonio
name: Íñiguez, Jorge
name: Rurali, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical proposal for the design of a thermal switch based on the anisotropy of the thermal conductivity of PbTiO3 and of the possibility to rotate the ferroelectric polarization with an external electric field. Our calculations are based on an iterative solution of the phonon Boltzmann Transport Equation and rely on interatomic force constants computed within an efficient second-principles density functional theory scheme. We also characterize the hysteresis cycle of the thermal conductivity in presence of an applied electric field and show that the response time would be limited by speed of the ferroelectric switch itself and thus can operate in the high-frequency regime.
description: submitted to Appl. Phys. Lett
Additional file 6 of Genome compartmentalization predates species divergence in the plant pathogen genus Zymoseptoria
Creators: name: Feurtey, Alice
name: Lorrain, Cécile
name: Croll, Daniel
name: Eschenbrenner, Christoph
name: Freitag, Michael
name: Habig, Michael
name: Haueisen, Janine
name: Möller, Mareike
name: Schotanus, Klaas
name: Stukenbrock, Eva H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Figure S1. Plant-associated genes compartmentalization along the chromosomes. The first track represents core (dark grey) and accessory (light grey) chromosomes/contigs. Telomeric repeats are indicated in orange. Circles from outside to inside represent the position of: predicted effector genes (blue), biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC, green) and CAZymes (yellow) per 100 kb windows, respectively.
ABCNet: An attention-based method for particle tagging
Creators: name: Mikuni, Vinicius
name: Canelli, Florencia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In high energy physics, graph-based implementations have the advantage of treating the input data sets in a similar way as they are collected by collider experiments. To expand on this concept, we propose a graph neural network enhanced by attention mechanisms called ABCNet. To exemplify the advantages and flexibility of treating collider data as a point cloud, two physically motivated problems are investigated: quark-gluon discrimination and pileup reduction. The former is an event-by-event classification while the latter requires each reconstructed particle to receive a classification score. For both tasks ABCNet shows an improved performance compared to other algorithms available.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Learning thermoacoustic interactions in combustors using a physics-informed neural network
Creators: name: Mariappan, Sathesh
name: Nath, Kamaljyoti
name: Karniadakis, George Em
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a physics-informed neural network (PINN) method to study thermoacoustic interactions leading to combustion instability in combustors. Specifically, we employ a PINN to investigate thermoacoustic interactions in a bluff body anchored flame combustor, representative of ramjet and industrial combustors. Vortex shedding and acoustic oscillations appear in such combustors, and their interactions lead to the phenomenon of vortex-acoustic lock-in. Acoustic pressure fluctuations at three locations and the total flame heat release rate serve as the measured data. The coupled parameterized model is based on the acoustic equations and the van der Pol oscillator for vortex shedding. The PINN was applied in the combustor, where the measurements suitable for a future machine learning application were not anticipated at the time of the experiments, as is the case in the vast majority of available data in the literature. We demonstrate a good performance of PINN in generating the acoustic field (pressure and velocity fluctuations) in the entire spatiotemporal domain, along with estimating all the parameters of the model. Therefore, this PINN-based model can potentially serve as an effective tool in improving existing combustors or designing new thermoacoustically stable and structurally efficient combustors.
Solar constraints on new couplings between electromagnetism and gravity
Creators: name: Solanki, S. K.
name: Preuss, O.
name: Haugan, M. P.
name: Gandorfer, A.
name: Povel, H. P.
name: Steiner, P.
name: Stucki, K.
name: Bernasconi, P. N.
name: Soltau, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unification of quantum field theory and general relativity is a fundamental goal of modern physics. In many cases, theoretical efforts to achieve this goal introduce auxiliary gravitational fields, ones in addition to the familiar symmetric second-rank tensor potential of general relativity, and lead to nonmetric theories because of direct couplings between these auxiliary fields and matter. Here, we consider an example of a metric-affine gauge theory of gravity in which torsion couples nonminimally to the electromagnetic field. This coupling causes a phase difference to accumulate between different polarization states of light as they propagate through the metric-affine gravitational field. Solar spectropolarimetric observations are reported and used to set strong constraints on the relevant coupling constant k: k^2 < (2.5 km)^2.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev. D
Road Block to Risk Management - How Federal Milk Pricing Provisions Complicate Class 1 Cross-Hedging Incentives
Creators: name: Newton, John
name: Thraen, Dr. Cameron
name: Newton, John
name: Thraen, Dr. Cameron
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: In 2000 the USDA introduced new methods to price milk used to produce class 1 bev- erage milk in the U.S. This shift in the dairy policy complicated hedging incentives by exposing traders to basis risk and increasing milk price uncertainty. We use empir- ical analysis to compute generalized optimal hedge ratios and estimate autoregressive models to forecast the basis associated with cross-hedging class 1 milk using exchange traded milk futures. The results indicate that while milk futures contracts do provide risk management opportunities for cash market participants, market participants are trading price risk for highly variable basis risk. Exchange traded milk futures contracts only capture a portion of the variance in the beverage milk cash price, the closing basis fails to converge to some predictable level, and for risk-averse agents basis reduces the utility gained from hedging. Policy and market options may be considered to improve risk management in the beverage milk sector. These options include: allow forward contracting in class 1 milk, alternative price discovery methods, and the introduction of an exchange traded _x000D_uid milk contract.
Munidopsis trachypus Alcock & Anderson 1894
Creators: name: Baba, Keiji
name: Macpherson, Enrique
name: Poore, Gary C. B.
name: Ahyong, Shane T.
name: Bermudez, Adriana
name: Cabezas, Patricia
name: Lin, Chia-Wei
name: Nizinski, Martha
name: Rodrigues, Celso
name: Schnabel, Kareen E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Galatheidae
Munidopsis
Munidopsis trachypus

description: Munidopsis trachypus Alcock & Anderson, 1894
 Munidopsis trachypus Alcock & Anderson, 1894: 169 (Laccadive Sea, 1164 m). — Alcock & Anderson, 1895: pl. 11, fig. 2 (no record). — Baba, 2005: 297 (key, synonymies).
 Munidopsis (Galathodes) trachypus. — Alcock, 1901: 262 (Arabian Sea N of the Laccadives, 1164 m).
Type data: holotype, female, ZSIC 9325 /9.
Type locality: Laccadive Sea, 1164 m.
description: Published as part of Baba, Keiji, Macpherson, Enrique, Poore, Gary C. B., Ahyong, Shane T., Bermudez, Adriana, Cabezas, Patricia, Lin, Chia-Wei, Nizinski, Martha, Rodrigues, Celso & Schnabel, Kareen E., 2008, Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura-families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae), pp. 1-220 in Zootaxa 1905 (1) on page 166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1905.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134587
Crossover from 2D to 3D magnetic disorder in sub-mono-atomic ferromagnetic layers
Creators: name: frydman, A.
name: Dynes, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present transport and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements performed on quench condensed ultrathin films of Gd evaporated on an amorphous Ge or Sb layer. These films show a large negative MR accompanied by a hysteretic superimposed structure. When the film is coated by an overlayer of Ge or Sb the magnitude of the MR increases and the hysteretic structure disappears. We speculate that the findings are a result of a crossover from a 2D magnetic disorder in the uncoated layers of Gd to a 3D magnetic disorder as the Gd film is coated by a semiconducting layer.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Dissecting strong-field excitation dynamics with atomic-momentum spectroscopy
Creators: name: Bray, A. W.
name: Eichmann, U.
name: Patchkovskii, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observation of internal quantum dynamics relies on correlations between the system being observed and the measurement apparatus. We propose using the center-of-mass (c.m.) degrees of freedom of atoms and molecules as a "built-in" monitoring device for observing their internal dynamics in non-perturbative laser fields. We illustrate the idea on the simplest model system - the hydrogen atom in an intense, tightly-focused infrared laser beam. To this end, we develop a numerically-tractable, quantum-mechanical treatment of correlations between internal and c.m. dynamics. We show that the transverse momentum records the time excited states experience the field, allowing femtosecond reconstruction of the strong-field excitation process. The ground state becomes weak-field seeking, an unambiguous and long sought-for signature of the Kramers-Henneberger regime.
A Cost-Efficient FPGA Implementation of Tiny Transformer Model using Neural ODE
Creators: name: Okubo, Ikumi
name: Sugiura, Keisuke
name: Matsutani, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transformer has been adopted to image recognition tasks and shown to outperform CNNs and RNNs while it suffers from high training cost and computational complexity. To address these issues, a hybrid approach has become a recent research trend, which replaces a part of ResNet with an MHSA (Multi-Head Self-Attention). In this paper, we propose a lightweight hybrid model which uses Neural ODE (Ordinary Differential Equation) as a backbone instead of ResNet so that we can increase the number of iterations of building blocks while reusing the same parameters, mitigating the increase in parameter size per iteration. The proposed model is deployed on a modest-sized FPGA device for edge computing. The model is further quantized by QAT (Quantization Aware Training) scheme to reduce FPGA resource utilization while suppressing the accuracy loss. The quantized model achieves 79.68% top-1 accuracy for STL10 dataset that contains 96$\times$96 pixel images. The weights of the feature extraction network are stored on-chip to minimize the memory transfer overhead, allowing faster inference. By eliminating the overhead of memory transfers, inference can be executed seamlessly, leading to accelerated inference. The proposed FPGA implementation accelerates the backbone and MHSA parts by 34.01$\times$, and achieves an overall 9.85$\times$ speedup when taking into account the software pre- and post-processing. The FPGA acceleration leads to 7.10$\times$ better energy efficiency compared to the ARM Cortex-A53 CPU. The proposed lightweight Transformer model is demonstrated on Xilinx ZCU104 board for the image recognition of 96$\times$96 pixel images in this paper and can be applied to different image sizes by modifying the pre-processing layer.
Continuous quotients for lattice actions on compact manifolds
Creators: name: Fisher, David
name: Whyte, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let G be a subgroup of finite index in SL(n,Z) for N > 4. Suppose G acts continuously on a manifold M, with fundamental group Z^n, preserving a measure that is positive on open sets. Further assume that the induced G action on H^1(M) is non-trivial. We show there exists a finite index subgroup G' of G and a G' equivariant continuous map from M to the n-torus that induces an isomorphism on fundamental groups. We prove more general results providing continuous quotients in cases where the fundamental group of M surjects onto a finitely generated torsion free nilpotent group. We also give some new examples of manifolds with G actions to which the theorems apply.
Marketing Choices by Texas Cotton Growers
Creators: name: Pace, Jason D.
name: Robinson, John R. C.
name: Pace, Jason D.
name: Robinson, John R. C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: Recent changes in farm programs, cotton supply and demand fundamentals, and cotton price patterns have likely shifted how producers market their cotton. This paper examines cash marketing choices by southwestern cotton producers in 2010. Hedging is included an explanatory variable, along with other independent variables studied in previous research. Producer marketing behavior was modeled in a multinomial logit framework as a discrete choice among forward contracting with a merchant, post-harvest cash contracting with a merchant, contracting with a merchant pool, or contracting with a cooperative pool. Data were collected from a mail survey of the population of cotton growers in Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. The most important determinants of cotton cash marketing choices were 1) prior participation in cooperative pools, beliefs about the value of pre-harvest pricing, beliefs about the performance of merchant pools, willingness to accept lower prices to reduce risk, and several socio-economic variables.
How Does “Cost Risk”Influence Producers' Decision to Hedge?
Creators: name: Andrade, Elisson De
name: Mattos, Fabio
name: Andrade, Elisson De
name: Mattos, Fabio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: Several studies have investigated transaction costs in futures trading and found that optimal hedge ratios tend to be smaller in their presence. However, those studies consider transaction costs deterministically, i.e. hedgers know the exact amount of transaction costs when the hedge is placed. The current research relies on the notion that some transaction costs are uncertain when the producer decides to place a hedge. The uncertainty originates from the fact that some costs, such as margin deposits and taxation, depend on the trajectory of futures prices during the hedging period. The objective of the paper is to investigate how the uncertainty associated with transactions costs can influence producers’ decision to hedge. In addition, a broader range of costs involved in hedging operations will be introduced. Two main results emerge from this study. First, consistent with previous studies, introduction of transaction costs in futures trading leads to smaller hedge ratios. Second, allowing for uncertainty in transaction costs does not seem to have a larger impact on hedge ratios. In fact, the introduction of stochastic transactio
Additional file 8 of Genome compartmentalization predates species divergence in the plant pathogen genus Zymoseptoria
Creators: name: Feurtey, Alice
name: Lorrain, Cécile
name: Croll, Daniel
name: Eschenbrenner, Christoph
name: Freitag, Michael
name: Habig, Michael
name: Haueisen, Janine
name: Möller, Mareike
name: Schotanus, Klaas
name: Stukenbrock, Eva H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Figure S3. Inter-species synteny between genomes of Z. pseudotritici and Z. brevis. A) High level of nter-species synteny at the whole genome level between Z. pseudotritici (dark grey) and Z. brevis (blue). The arrows indicate the contigs identified as carrying rearrangement with Z. tritici but not between Z. pseudotritici and Z.tritici. B – D) Zoom-in on the contigs highlighted with the arrow in part A, showing the details of the pair-wise synteny of both Z.pseudotritici (Zp13) and Z. brevis (Zb87) with the Z.tritici reference (IPO323) chromosomes.
The Price Responsiveness of U.S. Wheat Export Demand by Class
Creators: name: O’Brien, Daniel
name: Olson, Frayne
name: O’Brien, Daniel
name: Olson, Frayne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: The objective of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the price responsiveness of disaggregated classes of U.S. wheat exports. Factors examined in this study that are likely to influence U.S. exports on a class-by-class basis include wheat prices – own price and cross price effects from wheat classes and competitive substitutes such as feedgrains; supply-demand balances by wheat class for major export sellers & import buyers; ocean freight costs for U.S. grain exports; and exchange rates for the U.S. dollar & other currencies. Using public data from domestic and international sources, single equation models of U.S. wheat export demand were developed, with one group of U.S. wheat export competitor models by wheat class, and a second group of U.S. wheat export share models by class. Results indicate that both own price and cross price responsiveness of U.S. exports was found in hard red winter and hard red spring wheat class exports. Soft white wheat and soft red winter wheat exports were unresponsive to own or cross price effects, but instead responded to changes in world wheat and corn supply-demand balances. Ocean freight rates, U.S. currency exchange rates and quarterly period seasonal factors also at times influenced U.S. wheat exports in these results. Additional factors likely to influence class-by-class U.S. wheat exports that are not explicitly examined in this study include the proportion of food versus feed quality wheat by class as is most common in individual exporting and importing countries, and protein and quality factors for U.S. wheat by class. Future applied research efforts will need to account for these factors.
Weak Coupling Theory of Magic-Angle Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Zhu, Jihang
name: Torre, Iacopo
name: Polini, Marco
name: MacDonald, Allan H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong correlations occur in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) when the octet of flat moiré minibands centered on charge neutrality (CN) is partially occupied. The octet consists of a single valence band and a single conduction band for each of four degenerate spin-valley flavors. Motivated by the importance of Hartree electrostatic interactions in determining the filling-factor dependent band structure, we use a time-dependent Hartree approximation to gain insight into electronic correlations. We find that the electronic compressibility is dominated by Hartree interactions, that paramagnetic states are stable over a range of density near CN, and that the dependence of energy on flavor polarization is strongly overestimated by mean-field theory.
Munidopsis unguifera Alcock & Anderson 1894
Creators: name: Baba, Keiji
name: Macpherson, Enrique
name: Poore, Gary C. B.
name: Ahyong, Shane T.
name: Bermudez, Adriana
name: Cabezas, Patricia
name: Lin, Chia-Wei
name: Nizinski, Martha
name: Rodrigues, Celso
name: Schnabel, Kareen E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Galatheidae
Munidopsis
Munidopsis unguifera

description: Munidopsis unguifera Alcock & Anderson, 1894
 Munidopsis unguifera Alcock & Anderson, 1894: 172 (Bay of Bengal, 265–458 m). — Alcock & Anderson, 1895: pl. 11, fig. 4 (no record). — Alcock, 1901: 253 (Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, 265–897 m). — Baba, 2005: 298 (key, synonymies).
Type data: syntypes, ZSIC 4226–4231 /7.
Type locality: Bay of Bengal, 265–458 m.
description: Published as part of Baba, Keiji, Macpherson, Enrique, Poore, Gary C. B., Ahyong, Shane T., Bermudez, Adriana, Cabezas, Patricia, Lin, Chia-Wei, Nizinski, Martha, Rodrigues, Celso & Schnabel, Kareen E., 2008, Catalogue of squat lobsters of the world (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura-families Chirostylidae, Galatheidae and Kiwaidae), pp. 1-220 in Zootaxa 1905 (1) on page 168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1905.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5134587
Towards the understanding of $Z_c(3900)$ from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Liu, Chuan
name: Liu, Liuming
name: Zhang, Ke-Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of three-channel Ross-Shaw effective range theory, we derive the constraints among different parameters of the theory in the case of a narrow resonance close to the threshold of the third channel, which is relevant for the resonance-like structure $Z_c(3900)$. The usage of these constraint relations, together with the multi-channel Lüscher formula in lattice QCD calculations are also discussed and the strategies are outlined.
description: 8 pages, no figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.03371
Additional file 7 of Genome compartmentalization predates species divergence in the plant pathogen genus Zymoseptoria
Creators: name: Feurtey, Alice
name: Lorrain, Cécile
name: Croll, Daniel
name: Eschenbrenner, Christoph
name: Freitag, Michael
name: Habig, Michael
name: Haueisen, Janine
name: Möller, Mareike
name: Schotanus, Klaas
name: Stukenbrock, Eva H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Figure S2. A) Intra-species synteny between the reference genome of Z. tritici and the genome of the Z. tritici isolate Zt05. Each color represents a different chromosome as based on the reference Z. tritici genome, except for accessory chromosomes, which are in grey. The connecting lines represent orthologs between each genome. The track between the chromosomes and connecting lines are predicted effector genes. Telomeric repeats are indicated in orange. B) Inter-species synteny between reference genome of Z. tritici and Z. pseudotritici. The arrows represent the large-scale inversions identified between the genomes of these two species.
Constraints on the Energy Content of the Universe from a Combination of Galaxy Cluster Observables
Creators: name: Molnar, S. M.
name: Haiman, Z.
name: Birkinshaw, M.
name: Mushotzky, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that constraints on cosmological parameters from the distribution of clusters as a function of redshift (dN/dz) are complementary to accurate angular diameter distance (D_A) measurements to clusters, and their combination significantly tightens constraints on the energy density content of the Universe. The number counts can be obtained from X-ray and/or SZ (Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect) surveys, and the angular diameter distances can be determined from deep observations of the intra-cluster gas using their thermal bremsstrahlung X-ray emission and the SZ effect. We combine constraints from simulated cluster number counts expected from a 12 deg^2 SZ cluster survey and constraints from simulated angular diameter distance measurements based on the X-ray/SZ method assuming a statistical accuracy of 10% in the angular diameter distance determination of 100 clusters with redshifts less than 1.5. We find that Omega_m can be determined within about 25%, Omega_Lambda within 20%, and w within 16%. We show that combined dN/dz + D_A constraints can be used to constrain the different energy densities in the Universe even in the presence of a few percent redshift dependent systematic error in D_A. We also address the question of how best to select clusters of galaxies for accurate diameter distance determinations. We show that the joint dN/dz + D_A constraints on cosmological parameters for a fixed target accuracy in the energy density parameters are optimized by selecting clusters with redshift upper cut--offs in the range 0.5 < z < 1.
description: LateX, 6 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Universal relation between energy gap and dielectric constant
Creators: name: Onishi, Yugo
name: Fu, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a universal relation between the energy gap and the static dielectric constant for all insulating states. This relation yields an upper bound on the energy gap, which only depends on the electron density and electronic dielectric constant. We identify two types of energy gaps associated with transverse and longitudinal excitations at long wavelength, which correspond to the optical gap and the plasmon energy respectively. Their upper bounds are set by the dielectric constant and its inverse respectively. The transverse gap bound is calculated for a wide range of materials and compared with the measured optical gap. A remarkable case is cubic boron nitride, in which the direct gap reaches \SI{72}{\percent} of the bound.
 Our results are derived from the Kramers-Kronig relation and the $f$-sum rule, and therefore rest on general physical principles.
description: 6 pages + references + Supplemental materials (4 pages). 5 figure, 1 table. Significantly expanded in v2
Optimal CHSH values for regular polygon theories in generalized probabilistic theories
Creators: name: Takakura, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we consider generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs) and focus on a class of theories called regular polygon theories, which can be regarded as natural generalizations of a two-level quantum system (a qubit system). In the usual CHSH setting for quantum theory, the CHSH value is known to be optimized by maximally entangled states. This research will reveal that the same observations are obtained also in regular polygon theories. Our result gives a physical meaning to the concept of ``maximal entanglement" in regular polygon theories.