cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fast Distributed k-Means with a Small Number of Rounds
Creators: name: Hess, Tom
name: Visbord, Ron
name: Sabato, Sivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new algorithm for k-means clustering in a distributed setting, where the data is distributed across many machines, and a coordinator communicates with these machines to calculate the output clustering. Our algorithm guarantees a cost approximation factor and a number of communication rounds that depend only on the computational capacity of the coordinator. Moreover, the algorithm includes a built-in stopping mechanism, which allows it to use fewer communication rounds whenever possible. We show both theoretically and empirically that in many natural cases, indeed 1-4 rounds suffice. In comparison with the popular k-means|| algorithm, our approach allows exploiting a larger coordinator capacity to obtain a smaller number of rounds. Our experiments show that the k-means cost obtained by the proposed algorithm is usually better than the cost obtained by k-means||, even when the latter is allowed a larger number of rounds. Moreover, the machine running time in our approach is considerably smaller than that of k-means||. Code for running the algorithm and experiments is available at https://github.com/selotape/distributed_k_means.
description: AISTATS 2023
Spukhafte Fernwirkung zwischen kalten Atomen : Wie verschränkte Atome Präzisionsmessungen verbessern
Creators: name: Klempt, Carsten
name: Ertmer, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Präzisionsmessung
subject: Quantenverschränkung
subject: Atominterferometrie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Quantenmechanisch korrelierte, also verschränkte Atome eröffnen vielfältige Anwendungen, insbesondere im Bereich der Präzisionsmessungen. Am Institut für Quantenoptik ist es erstmalig gelungen, die Verschränkung nicht nur innerhalb einer Atomwolke, sondern zwischen zwei räumlich getrennten Wolken nachzuweisen. Am HITec sollen solche verschränkten Wolken nicht nur wenige Mikrometer, sondern meterweit aufgetrennt werden, um so Präzisionsmessungen der Gravitation entscheidend zu verbessern.
Feedback and harmonic locking of slot-type optomechanical oscillators to external low-noise reference clocks
Creators: name: Zheng, Jiangjun
name: Li, Ying
name: Goldberg, Noam
name: McDonald, Mickey
name: Luan, Xingsheng
name: Hati, Archita
name: Lu, Ming
name: Strauf, Stefan
name: Zelevinsky, Tanya
name: Howe, David A.
name: Wong, Chee Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate feedback and harmonic locking of chip-scale slot-type optomechanical oscillators to external low-noise reference clocks, with suppressed timing jitter by three orders of magnitude. The feedback and compensation techniques significantly reduce the close-to-carrier phase noise, especially within the locking bandwidth for the integral root-mean-square timing jitter. Harmonic locking via high-order carrier signals is also demonstrated with similar phase noise and integrated root-mean-square timing jitter reduction. The chip-scale optomechanical oscillators are tunable over an 80-kHz range by tracking the reference clock, with potential applications in tunable radio-frequency photonics platforms.
Specific interactions of peripheral membrane proteins with lipids: what can molecular simulations show us?
Creators: name: Larsen, Andreas Haahr
name: John, Laura H.
name: Sansom, Mark S. P.
name: Corey, Robin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Peripheral membrane proteins can reversibly and specifically bind to biological membranes to carry out functions such as cell signalling, enzymatic activity, or membrane remodelling. Structures of these proteins and of their lipid-binding domains are typically solved in a soluble form, sometimes with a lipid or lipid headgroup at the binding site. To provide a detailed molecular view of peripheral membrane protein interactions with the membrane, computational methods such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can be applied. Here, we outline recent attempts to characterise these binding interactions, focusing on both intracellular proteins such as PIP-binding domains, and on extracellular proteins such as glycolipid-binding bacterial exotoxins. We compare methods to identify and analyse lipid binding sites from simulation data. We highlight recent work characterising the energetics of these interactions using free energy calculations. We describe how improvements in methodologies and computing power will help MD simulations to continue to contribute to this field in the future.
description: Review
Die Vermessung der Erde : Neue Methoden zur Beobachtung von Massenvariationen
Creators: name: Weigelt, Matthias
name: Müller, Jürgen
name: Kawazoe, Fumika
name: Danzmann, Karsten
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Schwerefeld
subject: Gravimetrie
subject: Optische Atomuhr
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: An den Fakultäten für Bauingenieurwesen und Geodäsie und für Mathematik und Physik angesiedelt, nutzt der Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 1128 »Relativistische Geodäsie und Gravimetrie mit Quantensensoren« (geo-Q) die Grundlagen der Quantenphysik, um neue Beobachtungsverfahren und Instrumente für geodätische Anwendungen zu entwickeln. Ein großer Teil der Technologie-Entwicklungen wird nun in den HITec-Laboren vorangetrieben.
This paper shows that nickel nanowires of length 11µm and diameters 800 and 15nm were grown within the pores of nuclear track polycarbonate membrane by electrodepositing nickel. Surface morphology and crystallographic structure of the deposited nanowires was investigated using SEM, TEM and XRD respectively. It is found that low current density gives good result, while high current density leads to the formation of curled nanowires. Fabricated nanowires were further investigated for electrical properties and found that nanowires obey ohm’s law. Through structural characterization it has been observed that the fabricated nanowires posses FCC lattice structure.
Creators: name: Gauss, Leninbro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Bioinorganic chemistry

description: This paper shows that nickel nanowires of length 11µm and diameters 800 and 15nm were grown within the pores of nuclear track polycarbonate membrane by electrodepositing nickel. Surface morphology and crystallographic structure of the deposited nanowires was investigated using SEM, TEM and XRD respectively. It is found that low current density gives good result, while high current density leads to the formation of curled nanowires. Fabricated nanowires were further investigated for electrical properties and found that nanowires obey ohm’s law. Through structural characterization it has been observed that the fabricated nanowires posses FCC lattice structure.
In vitro Anti-inflammatory Effect of Carthamus lanatus L.
Creators: name: Jalil, Saima
name: Mikhova, Bozhanka
name: Taskova, Rilka M.
name: Mitova, Maya
name: Duddeck, Helmut
name: Choudhary, Muhammad Iqbal
name: Atta-Ur-Rahman
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Anti-inflammatory Activity
subject: Carthamus lanatus
subject: Neutrophils
subject: antiinflammatory agent
subject: plant extract
subject: solvent
subject: article
subject: Carthamus
subject: chemistry
subject: comparative study
subject: drug effect
subject: isolation and purification
subject: neutrophil
subject: physiology
subject: plant
subject: Anti-Inflammatory Agents
subject: Plant Components, Aerial
subject: Plant Extracts
subject: Solvents
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The anti-inflammatory activity of four total extracts, their fractions and two main constituents (α-bisabolol β-D-fucopyranoside and luteolin 7-O-glucoside) of Carthamus lanatus L. aerial parts, were assessed in vitro by determining the inhibitory effects on induced human neutrophils. The dichloromethane extract and its water-alcoholic part exhibited the most significant inhibitory effects.
Quantum information and randomness
Creators: name: Kofler, Johannes
name: Zeilinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is an article for a special edition of "European Review" with a focus on the topic "Causality".
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
MHD modeling on geodesic grids
Creators: name: Florinski, V.
name: Guo, X.
name: Balsara, D. S.
name: Meyer, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This report describes a new magnetohydrodynamic numerical model based on a hexagonal spherical geodesic grid. The model is designed to simulate astrophysical flows of partially ionized plasmas around a central compact object, such as a star or a planet with a magnetic field. The geodesic grid, produced by a recursive subdivision of a base platonic solid (an icosahedron), is free from control volume singularities inherent in spherical polar grids. Multiple populations of plasma and neutral particles, coupled via charge-exchange interactions, can be simulated simultaneously with this model. Our numerical scheme uses piecewise linear reconstruction on a surface of a sphere in a local two-dimensional "Cartesian" frame. The code employs HLL-type approximate Riemann solvers and includes facilities to control the divergence of magnetic field and maintain pressure positivity. Several test solutions are discussed, including a problem of an interaction between the solar wind and the local interstellar medium, and a simulation of Earth's magnetosphere.
description: 42 pages, 10 figures
Withdrawal Success Estimation
Creators: name: Brown, Hayden
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 60E15, 60J70, 91B70

description: Given a geometric Levy alpha-stable wealth process, a log-Levy alpha-stable lower bound is constructed for the terminal wealth of a regular investing schedule. Using a transformation, the lower bound is applied to a schedule of withdrawals occurring after an initial investment. As a result, an upper bound is described on the probability to complete a given schedule of withdrawals. For withdrawals of a constant amount at equidistant times, necessary conditions are given on the initial investment and parameters of the wealth process such that $k$ withdrawals can be made with 95% confidence. When the initial investment is in the S&P Composite Index and $2\leq k\leq 16$, then the initial investment must be at least $k$ times the amount of each withdrawal.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures
Isotopic Yield Distributions of Transfer- and Fusion-Induced Fission from 238U+12C Reactions in Inverse Kinematics
Creators: name: Caamaño, M.
name: Delaune, O.
name: Farget, F.
name: Derkx, X.
name: Schmidt, K. -H.
name: Audouin, L.
name: Bacri, C. -O.
name: Barreau, G.
name: Benlliure, J.
name: Casarejos, E.
name: Chbihi, A.
name: Fernandez-Dominguez, B.
name: Gaudefroy, L.
name: Golabek, C.
name: Jurado, B.
name: Lemasson, A.
name: Navin, A.
name: Rejmund, M.
name: Roger, T.
name: Shrivastava, A.
name: Schmitt, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel method to access the complete identification in atomic number Z and mass A of fragments produced in low-energy fission of actinides is presented. This method, based on the use of multi- nucleon transfer and fusion reactions in inverse kinematics, is applied in this work to reactions between a 238U beam and a 12C target to produce and induce fission of moderately excited actinides. The fission fragments are detected and fully identified with the VAMOS spectrometer of GANIL, allowing the measurement of fragment yields of several hundreds of isotopes in a range between A ~ 80 and ~ 160, and from Z ~ 30 to ~ 64. For the first time, complete isotopic yield distributions of fragments from well-defined fissioning systems are available. Together with the precise measurement of the fragment emission angles and velocities, this technique gives further insight into the nuclear-fission process.
description: 22 pages, 21 figures
Characterization of a customized 3D-printed cell culture system using clear, translucent acrylate that enables optical online monitoring
Creators: name: Siller, Ina Gerhild
name: Enders, Anton
name: Gellermann, Pia
name: Winkler, Steffen
name: Lavrentieva, Antonina
name: Scheper, Thomas
name: Bahnemann, Janina
Publisher: name: Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 3D printing
subject: additive manufacturing
subject: biocompatibility
subject: biomaterials
subject: mammalian cell culture
subject: rapid prototyping
subject: Biocompatibility
subject: Cell culture
subject: Cell death
subject: Cell proliferation
subject: Medical applications
subject: Surface roughness
subject: Swelling
subject: Alternative materials
subject: Biomedical applications
subject: Designed experiments
subject: Electrostatic effect
subject: Microfluidic environment
subject: Microscopic observations
subject: Optical monitoring
subject: Surrounding materials
subject: 3D printers
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Cells are very sensitive to their direct environment - they place high demands, for example, on ambient culture medium, adjacent cell types, and the properties of surrounding material parts. As a result, mechanical and physical material properties - such as surface roughness, swelling, electrostatic effects, etc - can all have a significant impact on cell behaviour. In addition, a material's composition also impacts whether that material meets biocompatibility requirements and can thus be considered for potential use in biomedical applications. The entry of high-resolution 3D printing technology in biotechnology has opened the door to individually-designed experiment-adaptable devices of almost unlimited complexity that can be manufactured within just a few hours. 3D printing materials are frequently lacking in the characteristics that make them suitable for biomedical applications, however. This study introduces a high-resolution polyacrylic 3D printing material as a potential alternative material for use in cultivation systems with indirect or direct contact to cells. Viability analyses, studies of apoptotic/necrotic cell death response, and surface studies all suggest that this material meets the requirements for (in vitro) biocompatibility, and has surface properties sufficient to permit uninhibited cell proliferation for cells in direct contact to the material. Moreover, the translucency of this material facilitates the type of optical monitoring required for performing experiments in a microfluidic environment, or for facilitating microscopic observations. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.
QUANOMET : Eine Forschungslinie der strategischen Allianz Braunschweig - Hannover
Creators: name: Wanner, Alexander
name: Ertmer, Wolfgang
name: Waag, Andreas
name: Dammeyer, Thorben
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantenmetrologie
subject: Nanometrologie
subject: Messverfahren
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Die Quanten- und Nanometrologie (QUANOMET) verfolgt die methodische Weiterentwicklung und Innovation immer präziserer und empfindlicherer Messverfahren und ist eine von drei Forschungslinien eines Wissenschaftsbündnisses zwischen der Leibniz Universität Hannover und der Technischen Universität Braunschweig. Wissenschaftler beider Hochschulen berichten, wie das Projekt entstanden ist und welche Ziele es hat.
Generation of concentration density maxima of small dispersive coal dust particles in horizontal iodine air filter at air-dust aerosol blow
Creators: name: Neklyudov, I. M.
name: Ledenyov, O. P.
name: Fedorova, L. I.
name: Poltinin, P. Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatial distributions of the small dispersive coal dust particles with the nano and micro sizes in the granular filtering medium with the cylindrical coal granules in the absorber in the horizontal iodine air filter during its long term operation at the nuclear power plant are researched. It is shown that the concentration density maxima of the small dispersive coal dust particles appear in the granular filtering medium with the cylindrical coal absorbent granules in the horizontal iodine air filter at an action by the air dust aerosol blow. The comparison of the measured aerodynamic resistances of the horizontal and vertical iodine air filters is conducted. The main conclusion is that the magnitude of the aerodynamic resistance of the horizontal iodine air filters is much smaller in comparison with the magnitude of the aerodynamic resistance of the vertical iodine air filters at the same loads of the air dust aerosol volumes. It is explained that the direction of the air dust aerosol blow and the direction of the gravitation force in the horizontal iodine air filter are orthogonal, hence the effective accumulation of the small dispersive coal dust particles takes place at the bottom of absorber in the horizontal iodine air filter. It is found that the air dust aerosol stream flow in the horizontal iodine air filter is not limited by the appearing structures, made of the precipitated small dispersive coal dust particles, in distinction from the vertical iodine air filter, in the process of long term operation of the iodine air filters at the nuclear power plant.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Juniperus communis L.
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: G. communis L. Eine anscheinend hierher gehörende Pflanze: l: Bei Muraz, östlichvom Stockalperkanal (H.Weber1949,nachW.Kochinlitt.). Aus dem Unterwallis (Vionnay, Collombey) schon von D'ANGREVILLE, Fl. Vallais., S. 129 (1862) angegeben, aber diese Angaben von JACCARD (Cat. XLVIII) bezweifelt.
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
GRACE and GRACE-FO processing at IfE/LUH
Creators: name: Koch, Igor
name: Flury, Jakob
name: Duwe, Mathias
name: Shabanloui, Akbar
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: GRACE
subject: GRACE-FO
subject: Gravity field recovery
subject: Time-variable gravity field
subject: KBRR residuals
subject: LUH-GRACE2018
subject: Schwerefeldbestimmung
subject: Zeitvariables Schwerefeld
subject: KBRR Residuen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Updates on gravity field recovery from GRACE and GRACE Follow-On data at IfE/LUH.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 alters the microbiota composition in the cecum but not the feces in a piglet model
Creators: name: Young, Wayne
name: Maclean, Paul
name: Dunstan, Kelly
name: Ryan, Leigh
name: Peters, Jason
name: Armstrong, Kelly
name: Anderson, Rachel
name: Dewhurst, Hilary
name: Van Gendt, Melanie
name: Dilger, Ryan N.
name: Dekker, James
name: Haggarty, Neill
name: Roy, Nicole
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain HN001 has been shown to have several beneficial health effects for both pediatric and maternal groups, including reduced risk of eczema in infants and gestational diabetes and postnatal depression in mothers. While L. rhamnosus HN001 appears to modify immune and gut barrier biomarkers, its mode of action remains to be fully elucidated. To gain insights into the role of HN001 on the infant microbiome, the impacts of L. rhamnosus HN001 supplementation was studied in 10-day old male piglets that were fed either infant formula, or infant formula with L. rhamnosus HN001 at a low (1.3 × 105 CFU/ml) or high dose (7.9 × 106 CFU/ml) daily for 24 days. The cecal and fecal microbial communities were assessed by shotgun metagenome sequencing and host gene expression in the cecum and colon tissue was assessed by RNA-seq. Piglet fecal samples showed only modest differences between controls and those receiving dietary L. rhamnosus HN001. However, striking differences between the three groups were observed for cecal samples. While total lactobacilli were significantly increased only in the high dose L. rhamnosus HN001 group, both high and low dose groups showed an up to twofold reduction across the Firmicutes phylum and up to fourfold increase in Prevotella compared to controls. Methanobrevibacter was also decreased in HN001 fed piglets. Microbial genes involved in carbohydrate and vitamin metabolism were among those that differed in relative abundance between those with and without L. rhamnosus HN001. Changes in the cecal microbiome were accompanied by increased expression of tight junction pathway genes and decreased autophagy pathway genes in the cecal tissue of piglets fed the higher dose of L. rhamnosus HN001. Our findings showed supplementation with L. rhamnosus HN001 caused substantial changes in the cecal microbiome with likely consequences for key microbial metabolic pathways. Host gene expression changes in the cecum support previous research showing L. rhamnosus HN001 beneficially impacts intestinal barrier function. We show that fecal samples may not adequately reflect microbiome composition higher in the gastrointestinal tract, with the implication that effects of probiotic consumption may be missed by examining only the fecal microbiome.
HyperMixer: An MLP-based Low Cost Alternative to Transformers
Creators: name: Mai, Florian
name: Pannatier, Arnaud
name: Fehr, Fabio
name: Chen, Haolin
name: Marelli, Francois
name: Fleuret, Francois
name: Henderson, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transformer-based architectures are the model of choice for natural language understanding, but they come at a significant cost, as they have quadratic complexity in the input length, require a lot of training data, and can be difficult to tune. In the pursuit of lower costs, we investigate simple MLP-based architectures. We find that existing architectures such as MLPMixer, which achieves token mixing through a static MLP applied to each feature independently, are too detached from the inductive biases required for natural language understanding. In this paper, we propose a simple variant, HyperMixer, which forms the token mixing MLP dynamically using hypernetworks. Empirically, we demonstrate that our model performs better than alternative MLP-based models, and on par with Transformers. In contrast to Transformers, HyperMixer achieves these results at substantially lower costs in terms of processing time, training data, and hyperparameter tuning.
description: Published at ACL 2023
Global gauge anomalies in coset models of conformal field theory
Creators: name: de Fromont, Paul
name: Gawȩdzki, K.
name: Tauber, Clément
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the occurrence of global gauge anomalies in the coset models of two-dimensional conformal field theory that are based on gauged WZW models. A complete classification of the non-anomalous theories for a wide family of gauged rigid adjoint or twisted-adjoint symmetries of WZW models is achieved with the help of Dynkin's classification of Lie subalgebras of simple Lie algebras.
description: 25 pages
Searching for low-workfunction phases in the Cs-Te system: the case of Cs2Te5
Creators: name: Ruth, Anthony
name: Nemeth, Karoly
name: Harkay, Katherine C.
name: Terdik, Joseph Z.
name: Terry, Jeff
name: Spentzouris, Linda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have computationally explored workfunction values of Cs2Te5, an existing crystalline phase of the Cs-Te system and a small bandgap semiconductor, in order to search for reduced workfunction alternatives of Cs2Te that preserve the exceptionally high quantum efficiency of the Cs2Te seasoned photoemissive material. We have found that the Cs2Te5(010) surface exhibits a workfunction value of ~ 1.9 eV when it is covered by Cs atoms. Cs2Te5 is analogous to our recently proposed low-workfunction materials, Cs2TeC2 and other ternary acetylides [J. Z. Terdik, et al., Phys. Rev. B 86, 035142 (2012)], in as much as it also contains quasi one-dimensional substructures embedded in a Cs-matrix, forming the foundation for anomalous workfunction anisotropy, and low workfunction values. The one-dimensional substructures in Cs2Te5 are polytelluride ions in a tetragonal rod packing. Cs2Te5 has the advantage of simpler composition and availability as compared to Cs2TeC2, however its low workfunction surface is less energetically favored to the other surfaces than in Cs2TeC2.
description: submitted for publication
Interaction of lignans with human sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)
Creators: name: Schöttner, M.
name: Ganßer, D.
name: Spiteller, G.
Publisher: name: Berlin : De Gruyter
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
subject: SHBG (SBP)
subject: Stobbe Condensation
subject: Synthesis of Lignans
subject: 3,4 divanillyltetrahydrofuran
subject: 3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran
subject: furan derivative
subject: lignan
subject: lignin
subject: sex hormone binding globulin
subject: article
subject: binding competition
subject: chemical structure
subject: chemistry
subject: human
subject: kinetics
subject: metabolism
subject: nuclear magnetic resonance
subject: structure activity relation
subject: synthesis
subject: Binding, Competitive
subject: Furans
subject: Humans
subject: Kinetics
subject: Lignans
subject: Lignin
subject: Molecular Structure
subject: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
subject: Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
subject: Structure-Activity Relationship
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Lignans bind to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The lignan with the highest binding affinity is (±)-3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran. In a double Stobbe condensation - without use of protecting groups - a wide variety of lignans with different substitution pattern in the aromatic and aliphatic part of the molecule was synthesized. These lignans were tested in a SHBG-binding assay which allowed to deduce the following relationship between structure and activity: 1) (±)-diastereoisomers are more active than meso compounds 2.) the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy (guajacyl) substitution pattern in the aromatic part is most effective 3.) the activity increases with the decline in polarity of the aliphatic part of the molecule.
Effects of Polydispersity on the Plastic Behaviors of Dense 2D Granular Systems Under Shear
Creators: name: Jiang, Yonglun
name: Sussman, Daniel M.
name: Weeks, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study particle-scale motion in sheared highly polydisperse amorphous materials, in which the largest particles are as much as ten times the size of the smallest. We find strikingly different behavior from the more commonly studied amorphous systems with low polydispersity. In particular, analysis of the nonaffine motion of particles reveals qualitative differences between large and small particles: the smaller particles have dramatically more nonaffine motion, which is induced by the presence of the large particles. We characterize the crossover in nonaffine motion from the low- to high-polydispersity regime, and demonstrate a quantitative way to distinguish between "large" and "small" particles in systems with broad distributions of particle sizes.
Supplementary materials from Conceptual and analytical approaches for modelling the developmental origins of inequality
Creators: name: Malani, Anup
name: Archie, Elizabeth A.
name: Rosenbaum, Stacy
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Supplementary materials for Malani et al. 2022
Co-creating the future of research funding? Observations & ideas from the literature (and what else we need)
Creators: name: Heller, Lambert
name: Blümel, Ina
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: QualiChain
subject: Research
subject: Funding
subject: Funding models
subject: Science
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::020 | Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Talk given at SEED2019, 25.-28.02.2019, Davos, Switzerland. https://seed2019.io/
NEST Conference 2022 Contributions
Creators: name: Terhorst, Dennis
name: Elfgen, Anne
name: Antolik, Ján
name: Arkhipov, Anton
name: Kriener, Laura
name: Göltz, Julian
name: Levina, Anna
name: Gambosi, Benedetta
name: Tonielli, Leonardo
name: Albers, Jasper
name: Spreizer, Sebastian
name: Villamar, Jose
name: Mitchell, Jessica
name: Jiang, Han-Jia
name: Mahmoudian, Sepehr
name: Benelhedi, Mohamed Ayssar
name: Tiddia, Gianmarco
name: Antonietti, Alberto
name: Trensch, Guido
name: Zajzon, Barna
name: Terhorst, Dennis
name: van Albada, Sacha J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This is the booklet published for the NEST Conference 2022. The NEST Initiative is excited to invite everyone interested in Neural Simulation Technology and
 the NEST Simulator to the virtual NEST Conference 2022. The NEST Conference provides an
 opportunity for the NEST Community to meet, exchange success stories, swap advice, learn
 about current developments in and around NEST spiking network simulation and its application.
 We particularly encourage young scientists to participate in the conference!
Magnetochemical effects on phase stability and vacancy formation in fcc Fe-Ni alloys
Creators: name: Li, Kangming
name: Fu, Chu-Chun
name: Nastar, Maylise
name: Soisson, Frédéric
name: Lavrentiev, Mikhail Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate phase stability and vacancy formation in fcc Fe-Ni alloys over a broad composition-temperature range, via a density functional theory parametrized effective interaction model, which includes explicitly spin and chemical variables. On-lattice Monte Carlo simulations based on this model are used to predict the temperature evolution of the magnetochemical phase. The experimental composition-dependent Curie and chemical order-disorder transition temperatures are successfully predicted. We point out a significant effect of chemical and magnetic orders on the magnetic and chemical transitions, respectively. The resulting phase diagram shows a magnetically driven phase separation around 10-40% Ni and 570-700 K, between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic solid solutions, in agreement with experimental observations. We compute vacancy formation magnetic free energy as a function of temperature and alloy composition. We identify opposite magnetic and chemical disordering effects on vacancy formation in the alloys with 50% and 75% Ni. We find that thermal magnetic effects on vacancy formation are much larger in concentrated Fe-Ni alloys than in fcc Fe and Ni due to a stronger magnetic interaction.
Reduced microbial potential for the degradation of phenolic compounds in the rhizosphere of apple plantlets grown in soils affected by replant disease
Creators: name: Radl, Viviane
name: Winkler, Jana Babro
name: Kublik, Susanne
name: Yang, Luhua
name: Winkelmann, Traud
name: Vestergaard, Gisle
name: Schröder, Peter
name: Schloter, Michael
Publisher: name: Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: metagenome
subject: apple replant disease
subject: malus domestica
subject: microbiome
subject: rhizosphere
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Background: Apple replant disease (ARD) is a syndrome that occurs in areas where apple plants or closely related species have been previously cultivated. Even though ARD is a well-known phenomenon, which has been observed in different regions worldwide and occurs independent of the soil type, its causes still remain unclear. Results: As expected, the biomass of plants grown in replant soil was significantly lower compared to those grown in control (virgin) soil. A shotgun metagenome analysis showed a clear differentiation between the rhizosphere and bulk soil compartments independent from the soil used. However, significant differences associated with apple replant disease were only observed in the rhizosphere compartment, for which we detected changes in the abundance of major bacterial genera. Interestingly, reads assigned to Actinobacteria were significantly reduced in relative abundance in rhizosphere samples of the soil affected by replant disease. Even though reads assigned to pathogenic fungi were detected, their relative abundance was low and did not differ significantly between the two different soils. Differences in microbiome structure also resulted in shifts in functional pattern. We observed an increase in genes related to stress sensing in the rhizosphere of soils affected by replant disease, whereas genes linked to nutrient sensing and uptake dominated in control soils. Moreover, we observed a lower abundance of genes coding for enzymes which trigger the degradation of aromatic compounds in rhizosphere of soils affected by replant disease, which is probably connected with higher concentration of phenolic compounds, generally associated with disease progression. Conclusions: Our study shows, for the first time, how apple replanting affects soil functioning by altering the soil microbiome. Particularly, the decrease in the abundance of genes which code for enzymes catalyzing the degradation of aromatic compounds, observed in the rhizosphere of plants grown in soil affected by apple replant disease, is of interest. Apple rootstocks are known to synthetize many phenolic compounds, including defense related phytoalexins, which have been considered for long to be connected with the emergence of replant disease. The knowledge gained in this study might help to develop targeted strategies to overcome or at least reduce the effects of ARD symptoms.
Cypripedium calceolus L.
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: C. Calceolus L. Cat. 342. Bis etwa 1800m. 2: Foret de la Fada ob Ardon, 1300-1500 m; Foret de la Grande Zeu, gegen 1300 m; nahe der Einmündung der Lizerne in die Rhone bei Ardon (alles: Marietan); im Lizernetal ferner beim Maiensäss Madouc (Beauverd); unterhalb Sitten gegen die Rhone (E. de Riedmatten); Tal der Liene ob dem Bisse Neuf (M:arietan). - 3: Unter Bourg-St-Pierre (Marietan); La Tetaz zwischen Martigny und Charrat (F.); Nax-Vernamiege (Marietan); Evolene (IVtantz); Alpe de Vouasson, etwa 1800m (Pannatier); Vercorin, gegen das Val d'Anniviers(Marietan); Ochsenboden unter dem Corbetschgrat (idem); Soussillon (Favre). - 4: Binntal, mehrfach (Binz, Mantz).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Properties of trapped neutrons interacting with realistic nuclear Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Maris, Pieter
name: Vary, James P.
name: Gandolfi, S.
name: Carlson, J.
name: Pieper, Steven C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate properties of neutron drops in external potentials using both quantum Monte Carlo and no-core full configuration techniques. The properties of the external wells are varied to examine different density profiles. We compare neutron drop results given by a selection of nuclear Hamiltonians, including realistic two-body interactions as well as several three-body forces. We compute a range of properties for the neutron drops: ground-state energies, spin-orbit splittings, excitation energies, radial densities and rms radii. We compare the equations of state for neutron matter for several of these Hamiltonians. Our results can be used as benchmarks to test other many-body techniques, and to constrain properties of energy-density functionals.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures
Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper: Ultraheavy particle dark matter
Creators: name: Carney, Daniel
name: Raj, Nirmal
name: Bai, Yang
name: Berger, Joshua
name: Blanco, Carlos
name: Bramante, Joseph
name: Cappiello, Christopher
name: Dutra, Maíra
name: Ebadi, Reza
name: Engel, Kristi
name: Kolb, Edward
name: Harding, J. Patrick
name: Kumar, Jason
name: Krnjaic, Gordan
name: Lang, Rafael F.
name: Leane, Rebecca K.
name: Lehmann, Benjamin V.
name: Li, Shengchao
name: Long, Andrew J.
name: Mohlabeng, Gopolang
name: Olcina, Ibles
name: Pueschel, Elisa
name: Rodd, Nicholas L.
name: Rott, Carsten
name: Sengupta, Dipan
name: Shakya, Bibhushan
name: Walsworth, Ronald L.
name: Westerdale, Shawn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We outline the unique opportunities and challenges in the search for "ultraheavy" dark matter candidates with masses between roughly $10~{\rm TeV}$ and the Planck scale $m_{\rm pl} \approx 10^{16}~{\rm TeV}$. This mass range presents a wide and relatively unexplored dark matter parameter space, with a rich space of possible models and cosmic histories. We emphasize that both current detectors and new, targeted search techniques, via both direct and indirect detection, are poised to contribute to searches for ultraheavy particle dark matter in the coming decade. We highlight the need for new developments in this space, including new analyses of current and imminent direct and indirect experiments targeting ultraheavy dark matter and development of new, ultra-sensitive detector technologies like next-generation liquid noble detectors, neutrino experiments, and specialized quantum sensing techniques.
description: Solicited community whitepaper for the Snowmass2021 process (Cosmic frontier, particle dark matter working group). 10 pages, 3 figures, many references. Comments welcome. v2: minor revisions based on comments
Herschel's "Cold Debris Disks": Background Galaxies or Quiescent Rims of Planetary Systems?
Creators: name: Krivov, A. V.
name: Eiroa, C.
name: Löhne, T.
name: Marshall, J. P.
name: Montesinos, B.
name: del Burgo, C.
name: Absil, O.
name: Ardila, D.
name: Augereau, J. -C.
name: Bayo, A.
name: Bryden, G.
name: Danchi, W.
name: Ertel, S.
name: Lebreton, J.
name: Liseau, R.
name: Mora, A.
name: Mustill, A. J.
name: Mutschke, H.
name: Neuhäuser, R.
name: Pilbratt, G. L.
name: Roberge, A.
name: Schmidt, T. O. B.
name: Stapelfeldt, K. R.
name: Thébault, Ph.
name: Vitense, Ch.
name: White, G. J.
name: Wolf, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) Infrared excesses associated with debris disk host stars detected so far peak at wavelengths around ~100μm or shorter. However, six out of 31 excess sources in the Herschel OTKP DUNES have been seen to show significant - and in some cases extended - excess emission at 160μm, which is larger than the 100μm excess. This excess emission has been suggested to stem from debris disks colder than those known previously. Using several methods, we re-consider whether some or even all of the candidates may be associated with unrelated galactic or extragalactic emission and conclude that it is highly unlikely that none of the candidates represents a true circumstellar disk. For true disks, both the dust temperatures inferred from the SEDs and the disk radii estimated from the images suggest that the dust is nearly as cold as a blackbody. This requires the grains to be larger than ~100μm, regardless of their material composition. To explain the dearth of small grains, we explore several conceivable scenarios: transport-dominated disks, disks of low dynamical excitation, and disks of unstirred primordial macroscopic grains. Our qualitative analysis and collisional simulations rule out the first two of these scenarios, but show the feasibility of the third one. We show that such disks can survive for gigayears, largely preserving the primordial size distribution. They should be composed of macroscopic solids larger than millimeters, but smaller than kilometers in size. Thus planetesimal formation, at least in the outer regions of the systems, has stopped before "cometary" or "asteroidal" sizes were reached.
description: Astrophysical Journal (in press). 22 pages, 13 figures
Gap Junctions and Cochlear Homeostasis
Creators: name: Zhao, H.-B.
name: Kikuchi, T.
name: Ngezahayo, Anaclet
name: White, T.W.
Publisher: name: Heidelberg : Springer Verlag
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Cochlea
subject: Supporting cell
subject: Gap junction
subject: Connexin
subject: Potassium
subject: Deafness
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Gap junctions play a critical role in hearing and mutations in connexin genes cause a high incidence of human deafness. Pathogenesis mainly occurs in the cochlea, where gap junctions form extensive networks between non-sensory cells that can be divided into two independent gap junction systems, the epithelial cell gap junction system and the connective tissue cell gap junction system. At least four different connexins have been reported to be present in the mammalian inner ear, and gap junctions are thought to provide a route for recycling potassium ions that pass through the sensory cells during the mechanosensory transduction process back to the endolymph. Here we review the cochlear gap junction networks and their hypothesized role in potassium ion recycling mechanism, pharmacological and physiological gating of cochlear connexins, animal models harboring connexin mutations and functional studies of mutant channels that cause human deafness. These studies elucidate gap junction functions in the cochlea and also provide insight for understanding the pathogenesis of this common hereditary deafness induced by connexin mutations. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-005-0832-x.
Solving the Hubble tension à la Ellis & Stoeger 1987
Creators: name: Wagner, Jenny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant $H_0$ in the late, local universe and the one obtained from the Planck collaboration representing an all-sky value for the early universe reached the 5-$σ$ level. Approaches to alleviate the tension contain a wide range of ansatzes: increasing uncertainties in data acquisition, reducing biases in the astrophysical models that underly the probes, or taking into account observer-dependent variances in the parameters of the cosmological background model. Yet, early and late universe probes are often treated as independent, they live on different length scales, and require different perturbations to be subtracted. Hence, fitting a flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker cosmology to different probes at different cosmic epochs can yield different sets of cosmological parameter values. Tensions arise if these background fits and perturbing biases are not consistently calibrated or synchronised with respect to each other. This consistent model-fitting calibration is lacking between the two $H_0$ values mentioned above, thus causing a tension. As shown here, this interpretation resolves the $H_0$tension, if 15% of the matter-density parameter obtained from the fit to the cosmic microwave background, $Ω_m = 0.315$, are assigned to decoupled perturbations yielding $Ω_m = 0.267$ for the fit at redshifts of the supernova observations. Existing theoretical analyses and data evaluations which support this solution are given.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of Science of the Corfu Summer Institute 2022 "School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity"