cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Iterative Time Reversal with Tunable Convergence
Creators: name: Taddese, Biniyam Tesfaye
name: Antonsen, Thomas M.
name: Ott, Edward
name: Anlage, Steven M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and test an iterative technique for improving the temporal focusing of a time reversal mirror. A single amplification parameter is introduced to tune the convergence of the iteration. The tunable iterative technique is validated by tests on an experimental electromagnetic time reversal mirror, as well as on a novel numerical model.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, published on Electronics Letters
Rethinking the delivery of welfare programmes in Singapore
Creators: name: Vignesh Louis Naidu,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
social welfare policies
state welfare
cognitive psychology
behavioural economics

description: The Singapore government has always been quite mindful of the potentially corrosive effects of welfare in designing it social policies. In a small city-state with no natural resources, the Singapore government has always feared that the comprehensive provision of state welfare would reduce incentives for individuals to work and strive, and create an entitlement mentality among citizens. The government has therefore sought to keep welfare – or financial support for the poor, the old and the unemployed – on a short leash. The levels of financial help are also relatively low by the standards of developed countries. The emphasis instead has always been on self-reliance and individual savings, the family as the first line of support for the poor, the community as an important ‘helping hand’, and targeting state assistance at those that have no other means of support. To the extent that there is welfare in Singapore, it is low (as it is intended to meet basic needs only), strictly and carefully means-tested, and residual in nature. In social spending more generally, the government has focused more on ‘investment goods’ such as public housing and education, rather than on subsiding people’s consumption. This case examines how ideas from cognitive psychology and behavioural economics could inform the design and delivery of welfare policies in Singapore. It highlights concepts that are relevant to the formulation, implementation and communication of welfare programmes. Using examples of social support programmes in Singapore, the case explores how such programmes should be designed to accommodate people’s cognitive limitations.
Kinetic cascade beyond magnetohydrodynamics of solar wind turbulence in two-dimensional hybrid simulations
Creators: name: Verscharen, Daniel
name: Marsch, Eckart
name: Motschmann, Uwe
name: Müller, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of solar wind turbulence in the dissipation range at scales much smaller than the large MHD scales remains under debate. Here a two-dimensional model based on the hybrid code abbreviated as A.I.K.E.F. is presented, which treats massive ions as particles obeying the kinetic Vlasov equation and massless electrons as a neutralizing fluid. Up to a certain wavenumber in the MHD regime, the numerical system is initialized by assuming a superposition of isotropic Alfvén waves with amplitudes that follow the empirically confirmed spectral law of Kolmogorov. Then turbulence develops and energy cascades into the dispersive spectral range, where also dissipative effects occur. Under typical solar wind conditions, weak turbulence develops as a superposition of normal modes in the kinetic regime. Spectral analysis in the direction parallel to the background magnetic field reveals a cascade of left-handed Alfvén/ion-cyclotron waves up to wave vectors where their resonant absorption sets in, as well as a continuing cascade of right-handed fast-mode and whistler waves. Perpendicular to the background field, a broad turbulent spectrum is found to be built up of fluctuations having a strong compressive component. Ion-Bernstein waves seem to be possible normal modes in this propagation direction for lower driving amplitudes. Also signatures of short-scale pressure-balanced structures (very oblique slow-mode waves) are found.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures, link to publisher version: http://pop.aip.org/resource/1/phpaen/v19/i2/p022305_s1?isAuthorized=yes
The decomposition of electricity spot prices: a study of the Alberta and Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland power markets
Creators: name: Lyle, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 74-77
description: This thesis is a study of the stochastic characteristics exhibited in the Alberta and Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland (P JM) power markets. Since electricity spot prices are notoriously difficult to model, we have developed a method which breaks the price into a stochastic or noise component and a deterministic component. This simplifies the complexity of modeling and allows for a richer study of each component. We present a robust method using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for removing deterministic cycles from the spot price data. This allows for the study of the actual stochastic component within the data. Three models are then proposed for modeling the stochastic component of the de-cycled data. One of these models is in the form of a stochastic differential equation (SDE) which includes mean­reverting behaviour. The second is again mean-reverting but it also includes jumps. For both of these SDEs we were able to formulate a method to obtain a solution to the characteristic function and thus can obtain the density function, which is particularly helpful when working with non-standard models. The third model is a non-differential equation that uses random variables to model the spot price of electricity. Each of these models are then tested using real hourly spot market data from the Alberta and PJM markets for January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2005.
Renting out state properties - Short term uses, long term consequences
Creators: name: Tan Shin Bin,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
state buildings
leasing
state properties rental
land use

description: The Singapore Land Authority (SLA) leases out vacant state buildings, such as former schools and community centres, on a short-term basis to the public. This rental scheme had been formulated and operationalised to serve very practical, pragmatic purposes such as optimising state assets and providing additional built capacity that can be deployed quickly and flexibly to meet a variety of short-term demands for space. However, despite the scheme’s practical underpinnings, when the leases of certain developments approach expiry and when the state steps in to reclaim the state buildings, responses from tenants and the public have proved to be emotive and negative. This case provides an overview of SLA’s state properties rental scheme, and investigates how and why the implementation of the scheme has bumped up against contestations in recent years. The case also explores whether authorities should reconsider how the state properties rental scheme negotiates trade-offs between public demands and pragmatic land development needs, and if so, how.
Copyright Law v. Trade Policy: Understanding the Golan Battle Within the Tenth Circuit
Creators: name: Gard, Elizabeth Townsend
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Copyright
Commercial policy
Law--Interpretation and construction
Public domain (Copyright law)
Intellectual property

description: The Tenth Circuit seems to be in a battle with itself over the meaning and definition of our copyright system. In the last two years, the Tenth Circuit defined the public domain as a constitutionally protected component of the copyright system, and then reversing itself, defined copyright (ignoring the public domain) as a tool for international trade, where treaty obligations outweigh tradition. The Golan case stands at the center of competing priorities and definitions. How are we to understand the "physics" of the public domain within contemporary copyright law? Does copyright have principles and an internal logic to foster creativity, or is copyright to be seen as malleable tool for trade and international relations? Judge Henry in the 2007 Tenth Circuit Golan v. Gonzales stated that under the traditional contours of copyright, what comes into the public domain, stays in the public domain. With this came a First Amendment right to use public domain works, and he remanded the case back to the district court to further determine whether the statute in question required content-based or content-neutral First amendment analysis. This decision marked the first time a part of the copyright law had been found unconstitutional, and it also marked a moment where the public domain appeared to be protected by the U.S. Constitution. Upon appeal from the district court remanded decision, the Tenth Circuit appeals court—albeit with a different chief judge—found the same statute not in violation of the First Amendment, and perfectly in line with the United States' treaty and international obligations. In this opinion, works in the public domain were fair game, particularly because their restoration would somehow help American authors indirectly. Copyright was merely a tool for trade law, and, because of this, any alteration was acceptable and necessary.
Audiovisual Works and the Work for Hire Doctrine in the Internet Age
Creators: name: Schwab, John L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Television broadcasting
Program on Legal Aspects of the Entertainment Industry
Screenwriters
Internet
Copyright
Television reruns
Intellectual property

description: Chris Carter was one of the most successful writers and creators of television in the 1990s. His works include "Millennium" and, most prominently, "The X-Files." Mr. Carter created "The X-Files" and was the program's 'showrunner,' meaning he either made or approved every creative decision associated with each episode—including the writing, the direction, the set design, the costuming and the editing. As is common in the world of audiovisual entertainment, Mr. Carter did not own the copyright to "The X-Files." This created a problem for Mr. Carter, since the commercial success of "The X-Files" made it a prime candidate for syndication. Syndication, also known as second run programming, is the most lucrative aspect of television production. The owner of "The X-Files," Twentieth Century Fox Television, sold the program's syndication rights to a separate Fox subsidiary, the FX Network. This original sale led to allegations of self-dealing. Fox subsequently resyndicated the program with a competitor, NBC Universal's USA Network. When Fox resyndicated, however, the studio claimed that the agreement with USA was not a new syndication agreement, but, rather, an assignment of the original agreement with FX. This distinction was particularly important for Mr. Carter because his employment agreement guaranteed him a percentage of each syndication agreement entered into by Fox. If the deal with USA was simply an assignment, Mr. Carter was due no portion of a lucrative contract. Mr. Carter promptly filed suit to enforce what he believed were his syndication rights.
Integration of multi-source, multi-scale remotely sensed imagery with ground survey information to provide forest health and inventory data
Creators: name: Coggins, Sam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Bark beetle infestations in western Canada have caused damage at previously unrecorded levels. Conventional forest health surveys are conducted to collect information on these infestations; however, due to the widespread nature of attack digital remote sensing technologies have the potential to offer new methods to augment forest inventories. This thesis will investigate the utility of remotely sensed data to detect and monitor insect infestations and provide innovative approaches to determine forest health information. In the first section of the thesis the accuracies of conventional forest health surveys were reviewed and assessed in a series of plots at the edge of the infestation. Mitigation levels were shown to be 43%, which was inadequate to stop a doubling expansion rate. A review of the detection rates of digital remote sensing was also conducted and used in a simple expansion model to assess the capacity of digital techniques. In the second part of the thesis a series of innovative methods were applied over a hierarchy of remotely sensed data sets. Attacked trees identified during field surveys were delineated on fine scale imagery with an accuracy of 80.2%. From these delineations, tree [stem diameter (r = 0.71, p <0.001)] and stand level [stocking density (r = 0.95, p <0.001)] information was accurately predicted and used to initiate an infestation spread model. Using this technique, an adaptive cluster sampling approach was applied in an innovative way to develop regional estimates of infestations. A relative efficiency estimator confirmed the adaptive approach was twice as efficient as conventional sampling schemes. With confidence in the approach, adaptive cluster sampling was applied to consecutive annual images determining a doubling infestation rate. Finally, an advanced remote sensing model was applied to stratify the landscape based on predictions of stocking and crown size, to predict the susceptibility of attack over the study area. Ultimately, this research successfully used a hierarchy of remotely sensed data to provide forest health and inventory information at a variety of scales from individual tree to stands and regions, which can augment existing forestry databases.
Integration of unemployment insurance with retirement insurance
Creators: name: Yun, Jungyoll
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper analyzes a social insurance system that integrates unemployment insurance with a pension program through an individual account, allowing workers to borrow against their future wage income to finance consumption during an unemployment episode and thus improving their search incentives while reducing risks. This paper identifies factors which determine the optimal degree of integration. A fully integrated system is one in which no reliance is placed at all on a separate tax-funded unemployment insurance program. We show that when the duration of unemployment is very short compared to the period of employment or retirement, the optimal system involves an exclusive reliance on pension-funded self-insurance. This system imposes a negligible risk burden for workers while avoiding attenuating search incentives. We also argue that a joint integration of several social insurance programs with a pension program through an individual account is desirable unless the risks are perfectly correlated to each other.
On-It Summer 2017 Calgary to Banff Transit Pilot … A Huge Success!
Creators: name: White, Richard
name: Calgary Regional Partnership
Publisher: name: Calgary Regional Partnership
Year: 2017
Subjects: regional transportation
transportation
videos

description: According to Mayor Karen Sorensen of Banff Alberta, “For the first time in our history, visitors from Calgary had the opportunity to travel to Banff on convenient, inexpensive and comfortable mass transit. We want to ensure this is the way of the future – that more and more visitors will choose to leave their private vehicles at home and hop on a bus, or a train, to travel to and within the Banff National Park and the Town. We were proud to partner with Parks Canada on this transit initiative and collaborate with Calgary Regional Partnership and Town of Canmore to bring On-It to Banff.”
Low-complexity quantum codes designed via codeword-stabilized framework
Creators: name: Kovalev, Alexey A.
name: Dumer, Ilya
name: Pryadko, Leonid P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider design of the quantum stabilizer codes via a two-step, low-complexity approach based on the framework of codeword-stabilized (CWS) codes. In this framework, each quantum CWS code can be specified by a graph and a binary code. For codes that can be obtained from a given graph, we give several upper bounds on the distance of a generic (additive or non-additive) CWS code, and the lower Gilbert-Varshamov bound for the existence of additive CWS codes. We also consider additive cyclic CWS codes and show that these codes correspond to a previously unexplored class of single-generator cyclic stabilizer codes. We present several families of simple stabilizer codes with relatively good parameters.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Deploying decentralized, privacy-preserving proximity tracing
Creators: name: Troncoso, Carmela
name: Bogdanova, Dan
name: Bugnion, Edouard
name: Chatel, Sylvain
name: Cremers, Cas
name: Gürses, Seda
name: Hubaux, Jean-Pierre
name: Jackson, Dennis
name: Larus, James R.
name: Lueks, Wouter
name: Oliveira, Rui
name: Payer, Mathias
name: Preneel, Bart
name: Pyrgelis, Apostolos
name: Salathé, Marcel
name: Stadler, Theresa
name: Veale, Michael
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: No description available
Cooling and heating with electron spins: Observation of the spin Peltier effect
Creators: name: Flipse, J.
name: Bakker, F. L.
name: Slachter, A.
name: Dejene, F. K.
name: van Wees, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Peltier coefficient describes the amount of heat that is carried by an electrical current when it passes through a material. Connecting two materials with different Peltier coefficients causes a net heat flow towards or away from the interface, resulting in cooling or heating at the interface - the Peltier effect. Spintronics describes the transport of charge and angular momentum by making use of separate spin-up and spin-down channels. Recently, the merger of thermoelectricity with spintronics has given rise to a novel and rich research field named spin caloritronics. Here, we report the first direct experimental observation of refrigeration/heating driven by a spin current, a new spin thermoelectric effect which we call the spin Peltier effect. The heat flow is generated by the spin dependency of the Peltier coefficient inside the ferromagnetic material. We explored the effect in a specifically designed spin valve pillar structure by measuring the temperature using an electrically isolated thermocouple. The difference in heat flow between the two magnetic configurations leads to a change in temperature. With the help of 3-D finite element modeling, we extracted permalloy spin Peltier coefficients in the range of -0.9 to -1.3 mV. These results enable magnetic control of heat flow and provide new functionality for future spintronic devices.
Resolving Conflicting Preferences in School Choice
Creators: name: Abdulkadiroglu, Atila
name: Che, Yeon-Koo
name: Yasuda, Yosuke
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: The Boston mechanism is among the most popular school choice procedures in use. Yet, the mechanism has been criticized for its poor incentive and welfare performances, which led the Boston Public Schools to recently replace it with Gale and Shapley's deferred acceptance algorithm (henceforth, DA). The DA elicits truthful revelation of "ordinal" preferences whereas the Boston mechanism does not; but the latter induces participants to reveal their "cardinal" preferences (i.e., their relative preference intensities) whereas the former does not. We show that cardinal preferences matter more when families have similar ordinal preferences and schools have coarse priorities, two common features of many school choice environments. Specifically, when students have the same ordinal preferences and schools have no priorities, the Boston mechanism Pareto dominates the DA in ex ante welfare. The Boston mechanism may not harm but rather benefit participants who may not strategize well. In the presence of school priorities, the Boston mechanism also tends to facilitate a greater access than the DA to good schools by those lacking priorities at those schools. These results contrast with the standard view, and cautions against a hasty rejection of the Boston mechanism in favor of mechanisms such as the DA.
The development of Singapore's intellectual property regime
Creators: name: Alisha Gill,
name: Zsuzsanna Vari-Kovacs,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
intellectual property rights
protection
legislation

description: In 1984, United States Senator Patrick J. Leahy, member of the Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks, described Singapore as “the piracy capital of the world”. In less than three decades, however, Singapore’s intellectual property rights regime is consistently recognised as one of the best in the world by international surveys. This case study describes the development of Singapore’s intellectual property rights regime after independence and separation from Malaysia in 1965. It first provides a brief background on the development of international laws and conventions on intellectual property (IP) and the arguments for and against IP protection as stated by developed and developing countries. It then describes the economic development of Singapore, the evolution of the intellectual property rights regime here, and provides an overview of the institutions established for the civil and criminal enforcement of IP rights.

This is part of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy – Microsoft Case Study Series on IT, Public Policy and Society.
Full Steam Ahead in 2014
Creators: name: Calgary Regional Partnership
Publisher: name: Calgary Regional Partnership
Year: 2014
Subjects: GIS
Calgary metropolitan plan
economic development
team
partnership/plan
projectsregional transportation

description: Collaboration, regional growth and water in the Calgary Region were the themes at the 2014 budget and strategy retreat for the CRP’s Board of Directors in the Kananaskis last week.
Factors Influencing Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises: case of Ambo, Bako, Gedo and Ginchi Towns Oromia, Ethiopia; Logistic Regression Analysis
Creators: name: Lemessa, Reta
name: Tefera, Sori
name: Korsa, Senahara
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development
Year: 2019

description: As part of the industrial sector, micro and small enterprises (MSEs) are increasingly becoming popular and important in the Ethiopian economy as they would play a decisive role in contributing to employment generation, poverty reduction and the opening of wider distribution of wealth and opportunities. The main objective of the study was to identify factors that influence growth of micro and small enterprise in Ambo, Bako, Gedo and Ginchi towns. These towns were selected from West Shoa Zone towns depending on greatly inhabited enterprises. Thus, a sample of 294 micro and small enterprises was determined and proportionally allocated to each area or town. A systematic sampling technique was used to select a list of micro and small enterprises from each category that formed representative sample. Data were collected using questionnaire then SPSS software employed to analyze. The study employed Chi-square technique to test associations between dependent and explanatory variables. We have implemented logistic regression to evaluating the probability of growth of MSEs. The descriptive analysis revealed from a total of 309 enterprises 105 (34%) were found to be growing while the remaining 204 (66%) did not. Logistic regression model result indicated that among the variables sex, marital status, age, educational attainment of the manager/owner, prior experience of the manager/owner, access to credit and training, major activity (sectors), accesses to market linkage, infrastructures were selected as predictive variables. MSEs whose manager /owner attained high education and training, more experienced prior, those engaged in manufacturing and construction sectors, who had get more accesses to credit, market linkage and adequate infrastructures were performed better growth. Hence, concerned government officials, and other economic development players have to work in hand in the area of training, availability of finance, and formation and business sectors of MSEs in the country.
description: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019)
Keynote: The Landscape of Collective Management Schemes
Creators: name: Gervais, Daniel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Copyright
Copyright clearinghouses
Conference papers and proceedings
Intellectual property

description: The title for this address, suggested by Jane Ginsburg and June Besek, prompted me to take a fresh look at the rules of landscape composition. I found six major ones. The first five rules are as follows: (a) group your subjects of importance within a center of interest; (b) avoid straight lines; (c) allow the viewer to interact and become a participant; (d) make good use of contrast; and (e) add some drama and avoid kissing the edges. I can promise you two of those five, namely that we will interact later, and that I will not be kissing any edges this morning. Unfortunately, I cannot promise drama. As to the center of interest and avoidance of straight lines, let us see what we can do. The last rule is to put striking features in the foreground set against a solid background. That I think I can deliver. Let us start with the background. I will use a realist technique for this part of my talk.
Cosmological Perturbations from a Group Theoretical Point of View
Creators: name: Szapudi, István
name: Czinner, Viktor G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new approach to cosmological perturbations based on the theory of Lie groups and their representations. After re-deriving the standard covariant formalism from SO(3) considerations, we provide a new expansion of the perturbed Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric in terms of irreducible representations of the Lorentz group. The resulting decomposition splits into (scalar, scalar), (scalar, vector) and (vector, vector) terms. These equations directly correspond to the standard Lifshitz classification of cosmological perturbations using scalar, vector and tensor modes which arise from the irreducible SO(3) representation of the spatial part of the metric. While the Lorentz group basis matches the underlying local symmetries of the FLRW spacetime better than the SO(3), the new equations do not provide further simplification compared to the standard cosmological perturbation theory. We conjecture that this is due to the fact that the so(3,1) ~ su(2) x su(2) Lorentz algebra has no pair of commuting generators commuting with any of the translation group generators.
description: To be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
The Proposed Cross Island Line in Singapore - Nature or Development
Creators: name: Krishnan Chandramohan,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
environmental conservation
urban development
endangered species
national rail network

description: The 50-km long Cross Island Line proposed by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) is a vital cog in Singapore’s ambitious effort to double the existing national rail network by 2030. It also runs through the central catchment nature reserve (CCNR). Apart from the four reservoirs, the CCNR also holds a wide variety of fauna, including the fragments of the last primary forests in Singapore and flora, which includes endangered species such as the banded leaf monkey. The case brings forth the tension between environmental conservation and urban development in a land constrained city/state.
A Hybrid Model for QCD Deconfining Phase Boundary
Creators: name: Srivastava, P. K.
name: Singh, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intensive search for a proper and realistic equations of state (EOS) is still continued for studying the phase diagram existing between quark gluon plasma (QGP) and hadron gas (HG) phases. Lattice calculations provide such EOS for the strongly interacting matter at finite temperature ($T$) and vanishing baryon chemical potential ($μ_{B}$). These calculations are of limited use at finite $μ_{B}$ due to the appearance of notorious sign problem. In the recent past, we had constructed a hybrid model description for the QGP as well as HG phases where we make use of a new excluded-volume model for HG and a thermodynamically-consistent quasiparticle model for the QGP phase and used them further to get QCD phase boundary and a critical point. Since then many lattice calculations have appeared showing various thermal and transport properties of QCD matter at finite $T$ and $μ_{B}=0$. We test our hybrid model by reproducing the entire data for strongly interacting matter and predict our results at finite $μ_{B}$ so that they can be tested in future. Finally we demonstrate the utility of the model in fixing the precise location, the order of the phase transition and the nature of CP existing on the QCD phase diagram. We thus emphasize the suitability of the hybrid model as formulated here in providing a realistic EOS for the strongly interacting matter.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures. corrected version published in Physical Review D. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1201.0445
Trade, quality upgrading and wage inequality in the Mexican manufacturing sector
Creators: name: Verhoogen, Eric A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Labor economics

description: This paper proposes a new mechanism linking trade and wage inequality in developing countries - the quality-upgrading mechanism - and investigates its empirical implications in panel data on Mexican manufacturing plants. In a model with heterogeneous plants and quality-differentiated goods, only the most productive plants in a country like Mexico enter the export market, they produce higher-quality goods to appeal to richer Northern consumers, and they pay high wages to attract and motivate a high-quality workforce. An exchange-rate devaluation leads initially more-productive, higher-wage plants to increase exports, upgrade quality, and raise wages relative to initially less-productive, lower-wage plants within each industry. Using the late-1994 peso crisis as a source of variation and a variety of proxies for plant productivity, I find that initially more-productive plants increased the export share of sales, white-collar wages, blue-collar wages, the relative wage of whitecollar workers, and ISO 9000 certification more than initially less-productive plants during the peso crisis period, and that these differential changes were greater than in periods without devaluations before and after the crisis period. A factor-analytic strategy that relies more heavily on the theoretical structure and avoids the need to construct proxies finds similar results. These findings support the hypothesis that differential quality upgrading induced by the exchange rate shock tended to increase within-industry wage inequality.
Electric-field induced penetration of edge states at the interface between monolayer and bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Hasegawa, Yasumasa
name: Kohmoto, Mahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The edge states in the hybrid system of single-layer and double-layer graphene are studied in the tight-binding model theoretically. The edge states in one side of the interface between single-layer and double-layer graphene are shown to penetrate into the single-layer region when the perpendicular electric field is applied, while they are localized in the double-layer region without electric field. The edge states in another side of the interface are localized in the double-layer region independent of the electric field. This field-induced penetration of the edge states can be applied to switching devices. We also find a new type of the edge states at the boundary between single-layer and the double-layer graphene.
description: 9 pages
A Performing Rights Organization Perspective: The Challenges of Enforcement in the Digital Environment
Creators: name: McGivern, Joan M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Intellectual property
Copyright clearinghouses
Licenses
Music
Technology
Copyright--Performing rights

description: This Article focuses on some of the practical challenges that the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers ("ASCAP") faces in its day to day business efforts to license the public performing right in copyrighted musical works in the digital age under its antitrust consent decree. In looking to the practical, this Article affirmatively does not delve into the development and use of the United States' antitrust laws in setting fees for the public performance of the music in ASCAP's repertory. In addition, the author notes that the comments made herein are necessarily constrained by having to navigate between the Scylla and Charybdis of ASCAP's many pending court proceedings, negotiations and restrictions of protective orders. Nonetheless, while being mindful of these limitations, there is still much to say, from a practical perspective, beginning with: what does it mean to apply for an ASCAP license under ASCAP's consent decree?
Investigation of gas phase chemistry of alkylsilane molecules in a hot wire chemical vapor deposition reactor
Creators: name: Li, Xinmao
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 125-133
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) is a new and promising technique to fabricate device quality thin films. It is believed that gas-phase reactions play an important role in the deposition of high quality films. In this work, three alkylsilane molecules, namely tetramethylsilane (TMS), trimethylsilane, and hexamethyldisilane (HMDS), were used as single source gases in a HWCVD reactor for SiC film deposition. 118 nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser single photon ionization (SPI) coupled with time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry were used to study the decomposition products of all three molecules on the hot filament made of tungsten or tantalum under collisionfree conditions and subsequent gas-phase reaction products formed in a HWCVD reactor. It is found that alkylsilane molecules decompose to radicals on the hot filament. Methyl radicals are produced from all three molecules studied. Hydrogen abstraction reactions between the methyl radical and the abundant parent molecules produce more radicals in the HWCVD reactor. Subsequent biradical combination reactions constitute the main secondary gas-phase reaction pathways, resulting in the formation of many alkylsubstituted silanes and silyl-substituted alkanes. In addition, it is believed that several disilacyclobutane compounds have been produced through the cycloaddition of the unsaturated silene intermediates. This provides strong evidence for the existence of the reactive silene species in the reactor. The Si-C bond is found to be the major bond connection in the gas phase reaction products. With Si-Si bonds in HMDS and Si-H bonds in trimethylsilane, more Si-Si bond connections are present in the backbone of the high mass reaction products. Due to the existence of both Si-Hand C-H bonds in trimethylsilane, experiments with its isotopomer, (CH3) 3 SiD, have demonstrated that two H-abstraction reactions exist between CH3 radical and the parent molecule, yielding two secondary radicals with the same mass. This leads to the observation that trimethylsilane has the most complicated gas phase chemistry of the three molecules studied. A study of the effect of TMS partial pressure has shown that source gas decomposition on the filament and secondary gas-phase reactions become less efficient with a decrease in the source gas pressure in the reactor. The experiments with TMS using both W and Ta filaments indicate that the filament material does not affect the decomposition pathway of source gas on the filament. Results with a 0.25% TMS in He mixture suggest that Ta may have a slightly better catalytic capability than W in decomposing TMS.
Thermodynamic properties of quantum sine-Gordon spin chain system KCuGaF6
Creators: name: Umegaki, Izumi
name: Tanaka, Hidekazu
name: Ono, Toshio
name: Oshikawa, Masaki
name: Sakai, Kazumitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the thermodynamic properties of the spin-1/2 one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet KCuGaF6 by measuring the specific heat in magnetic fields. When this compound is subjected to a uniform magnetic field H a transverse staggered magnetic field h is induced in this compound owing to the staggered component of the g tensor and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction with an alternating D vector. Consequently, the quantum sine-Gordon (SG) model is an effective model of this compound in a uniform magnetic field. In three different field directions, we observed a magnetic-field-induced gap, which increases with H. We analyzed experimental results using specific heat theory based on quantum SG theory. The thermodynamic property for H // c is very well described in terms of the elementary excitations characteristic of the quantum SG model, while for the other field directions, significant contributions from other excitation modes beyond the framework of the quantum SG model were observed. For H // b, a quantum phase transition between gapless and gapped ground states was observed.
description: 10 pages, 14 figures
Agronomic Performance of Food Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Varieties and Their Response to Seed Rate at Elfeta District, West Showa Zone, Oromia National Regional State
Creators: name: Tolesa, Teferi
name: Ashagre, Habtamu
name: Abera, Tolera
Publisher: name: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development
Year: 2019

description: Barley is one of the most important, economically valuable and widely used cereal crops in Ethiopia. However, barley yield and productivity is constrained by lack of improved varieties, use of unimproved production packages among which seed rate is major one. Hence, an experiment was conducted to identify better performing food barley variety and determine the optimal seed rate at Elfeta district of West Showa Zone of Oromia National Regional State in 2017 main cropping season. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were factorial combination of three improved (Cross41/98, HB19/65, HB19/66 varieties) and one local cultivar, and four seed rates (75, 100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1). The result of the study revealed that food barley varieties significantly differ in phonological parameters, such as days to 90% heading, grain filling period, and days to 90% maturity. Yield and yield components of barley including plant height, spike length, thousand seed weight and harvest index were significantly (p<0.01) influenced by the main effect of variety and seed rate. However, total number of tillers, number of effective tillers, grains per spike, and grain, straw, and biomass yields were significantly (p<0.01) influenced by interaction effect of variety and seed rate. Variety HB19/66 and seed rate of 125 kg ha-1gave significantly high grain yield (6.23 tons ha-1). The highest net benefit of ETB 38,923 ha-1 with marginal rate of return of 933% and value to cost ratio of ETB 27 per unit investment was obtained from use of 125 kg ha-1 seeding rate for food barley. Therefore, use of HB19/66 variety with 125 kg ha-1 seeding rate is profitable and recommended to the study area.
description: Journal of Science and Sustainable Development, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2019)
Upsilon Production In p-p Collisions at LHC
Creators: name: Kisslinger, Leonard S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a continuation of recent studies of $Υ(nS)$ production at the LHC in p-p collisions. Our previous studies were for 2.76 TeV, while the present predictions are for 7.0 TeV collisions.
description: 2 pages, no figures
Transboundary Haze: How might the Singapore Government Minimise its Occurrence?
Creators: name: Alisha Gill,
name: Tan Shin Bin,
Publisher: name: National University of Singapore
Year: 2014
Subjects: Singapore
transboundary haze
ASEAN
Indonesia
forestry governance

description: Singapore is no stranger to the haze. Transboundary haze, caused by the burning of forests and peat lands in Kalimantan and Sumatra, has been a sporadic problem in Southeast Asia since 1985. It was labelled “the most serious problem in the region” by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) following the long and severe 1997-98 haze episode. The perennial haze raises several questions. First, given the large economic loss caused by the fires and haze, why is there a lack of robust responses to the problem? Despite expert claims that the haze is a complex but manageable problem, it has proven to be remarkably intractable for several decades. What is it about ASEAN and, in particular, Indonesia that make effective remedies elusive? Second, given Indonesia and ASEAN’s political peculiarities, should Singaporean policymakers muster a more effective unilateral response to mitigate haze? If so, what form should this response take? This case will address these questions by first considering the causes of the haze, the measures that have been taken to mitigate haze, and the reasons they have fallen short. It concludes by considering if the Singapore government should act unilaterally to mitigate the fires and haze problem and, if so, how it should go about doing it.
Chirped quasi-phase-matching with Gauss sums for production of biphotons
Creators: name: Antonosyan, D. A.
name: Tamazyan, A. R.
name: Kryuchkyan, G. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the theory of linearly chirped biphoton wave-packets produced in two basic quasi-phase-matching configurations: chirped photonic-like crystals and aperiodically poled crystals. The novelty is that these structures are considered as definite assembles of nonlinear layers that leads to detailed description of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) processes through the discrete Gauss sums. We demonstrate that biphoton spectra for chirped photonic crystals involving a small number of layers consist from definite well-resolved spectral lines. We also discuss the forming of broadband spectra of signal (idler) waves in SPDC for both configurations as number of layers increases as well as in dependence of chirping parameters .
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Orphan Works, Extended Collective Licensing and Other Current Issues
Creators: name: Pallante, Maria
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Copyright
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Copyright clearinghouses
subject: Orphan works (Copyright)
subject: Conference papers and proceedings
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: "Good morning. My name is Maria Pallante and I work at the Copyright Office in Washington, D.C. If you are not familiar with the Copyright Office, we administer the copyright law, we are housed in the Library of Congress and, as far as we know, we are in the legislative branch. I would like to thank Columbia Law School, the Kernochan Center and the Rockefeller Archive for inviting me to participate. I am always impressed by the symposia that Columbia puts together because, in my experience, it is one of the few places where we get to see lawyers, professors, students and nonlawyer archivists all come together, which is great for everybody."
Novel instrumental methods for supercritical fluid chromatography
Creators: name: Li, Jian Jun
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 102-105
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: This thesis explores five main research themes all aimed at improving the capabilities of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using both packed (pSFC) or capillary (cSFC) columns. In the first study, the addition of a high water content into a 2-propanol modifier was explored in pSFC. With this new modifier, very polar compounds (e.g. ionic salts, polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, and amino acids) can be readily eluted from non-polar and polar columns. In a second study, both an ultrasonic bath and probe were each employed in SFC separations but did not demonstrate any great effect. Next, in studying the restoration of column efficiency loss caused by pressure drops, a small resistively heated coil at the colunm inlet was found to improve the peak shape significantly. In the last two studies, this heating coil was further used to control column pressure and flow rate independently in both cSFC and pSFC.
Heavy Quark Dynamics in the QGP
Creators: name: Greco, V.
name: van Hees, H.
name: Rapp, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assess transport properties of heavy quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) that show a strong non-perturbative behavior. A T-matrix approach based on a potential taken from lattice QCD hints at the presence of heavy-quark (HQ) resonant scattering with an increasing strength as the temperature, $T$, reaches the critical temperature, $T_c \simeq 170 \; \MeV$ for deconfinement from above. The implementation of HQ resonance scattering along with a hadronization via quark coalescence under the conditions of the plasma created in heavy-ion collisions has been shown to correctly describe both the nuclear modification factor, $R_{AA}$, and the elliptic flow, $v_2$, of single electrons at RHIC and have correctly predicted the $R_{AA}$ of D mesons at LHC energy.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of EPIC@LHC Workshop, 6-8 July, Bari
If Only We Could Reach the Shoals: Barriers to Archives Digitization
Creators: name: Maher, William J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Copyright
subject: Electronic records
subject: Archives
subject: Libraries
subject: Archival materials--Conservation and restoration
subject: Intellectual property
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: "When I first joined the archival profession over thirty years ago, I noticed how my new colleagues seemed to be hallucinating. Witnessing the power of mainframe computers and imagining the possibilities of bibliographic networks, they had visions about how this technology might liberate us so we could actively connect our archives to users and potential users—students, scholars and the general public—without being bound by the physicality of the archives. While most thought in terms of automating finding aids and indices, a few even dared to imagine that new technologies might also allow us to store, retrieve and deliver the full text of archival documents. I have to admit that the notion that somehow computer terminals could be linked to a network to enable even small archives to ―broadcast‖ archival documents worldwide was a bit beyond my imagination. Where was the technology, the infrastructure and the mass market to implement such a system?"