cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Zur Rolle der endogenen Abscisinsäure bei Wassermangel in Reben
Creators: name: Düring, H.
name: Scienza, A.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2016

description: Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen hatten das Ziel, einen vermuteten Zusammenhang zwischen Transpiration und ABS-Gehalt der Blätter von Reben im Verlaufe des Tages zu ermitteln und den Einfluß des Wassermangels auf die ABS-Gehalte des Sprosses und dessen Längenwachstum festzustellen. • Ansteigende ABS-Gehalte waren von 10 bis 12 und von 16 bis 18 Uhr mit Abnahmen der Transpiration, abnehmende ABS-Gehalte von 14 bis 16 Uhr dagegen mit zunehmender Transpiration verbunden. Dies läßt auf eine Regulation der stomatären Wasserabgabe als Folge veränderter Hydratationsverhältnisse der Blätter im Verlaufe des Tages schließen. • Da in den Sproßachsen welkender Reben höhere ABS-Akkumulationen festgestellt wurden als in den Blättern, wird eine Translokation der ABS in die Sproßachsen angenommen, die zu einer Hemmung des Sproßlängenwachstums führt. • Die ABS scheint auf zwei Ebenen eine Adaptation der Rebe an Veränderungen der Wasserbilanz zu bewirken: Ein relativ begrenzter Wassermangel wird über den stomatären Mechanismus gesteuert, ein längerfristiger und gravierender Wassermangel führt darüber hinaus zu Einschränkungen des Wasserverbrauchs durch Einstellung des Längenwachstums. The role of endogenous abscisic acid during water stress in grapes Investigations were carried out in order to find out if the diurnal course of transpiration is correlated with changes in the abscisic acid (ABA) content in the leaves of grapes (cv. Riesling) and to study the effect of water deprivation on ABAcontent of grape vines (cv. Riesling) and their longitudinal growth. • Increases of the ABA-content from 10 to 12 a.m. and from 16 to 18 p.m. were correlated with a decrease in the rate of transpiration whereas a decrease of the ABAcontent from 14 to 16 p.m. was correlated with an increase of transpiration. The regulation of stomatal transpiration is supposed to have its origin in changes of hydration in the leaves during a day. • The ABA-content in stems of wilting grape vines was markedly higher than that of leaves, so that there might be a translocation of ABA from the leaves to the stem where ABA induces an inhibition of longitudinal growth. • ABA seems to be involved in two mechanisms of adaption during water stress: smaller deficiencies are regulated by stomatal movements, whereas severe water deprivation induces shortening of transpiration by limiting longitudinal growth.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 14 No. 1 (1975): Vitis
Replicability and transparency in qualitative research. A pilot case study from Cultural Heritage
Creators: name: Gualandi, Bianca
name: Bordignon, Alice
name: Peroni, Silvio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Although Arts and Humanities have not been swept by the “reproducibility crisis” as other disciplines have, reproducibility is a key concern for anybody doing research. When working with qualitative data, however, we usually talk about replicability, or the ability to arrive at the same findings by collecting new data, possibly with different methodologies. 

We present as case study the digital twin of the temporary exhibition “The Other Renaissance”, currently under development within the PNRR Project CHANGES - Spoke 4. The acquisition process – made particularly challenging by the high number of institutions involved, the size and nature of the objects, and the original exhibition setup – was preceded and aided by the establishment of shared workflows, with the real-time and simultaneous collection of processural metadata following a specific model. This same approach is being followed across all phases of the project: processing, modelling, optimization, export of the data and metadata in specific formats and upload of the 3D models to a web-based framework. Saving data and metadata in shared spaces provided transparency of processes and results and allowed for peer-review within the group. 

In hermeneutical fields, where multiple interpretations can coexist and the researchers’ methodological background play a central role, Open Science takes the form of transparency, through careful documentation of the research process, to test the robustness of the approach and allow for replication.
Social Democratic and Socialist Policies
Creators: name: King, John
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: Socialism is best defined very broadly, as the doctrine that capitalism has very serious problems, and that a substantial degree of public ownership is needed to solve them. On this definition, ‘socialism’ would include Marxists, Fabians, Utopians, Anarcho-Communists and even conservative (Bismarckian) State Socialists. Social democracy is an even more slippery term. In the late nineteenth century it was used by socialists of many persuasions, often but not always Marxist or Marxistinfluenced, to express the conviction that society and the economy, as well as the polity, must be democratised. This was not seen as inconsistent either with the achievement of socialism through revolution, or even with a period of dictatorship after the revolution: in Russia, for example, the full name of the Bolshevik party was the RSDLP(B), or Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolshevik).
Effect of exercise on specific indicators of physical fitness and physical development of military student artilleryman
Creators: name: Klimovich, Vladimir
name: Romanchuk, S.V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Education

description: The features of professional roles ground artillery ground forces in peacetime. Presented educational experiment on the application of special physical exercises to improve performance standards for the combat work of students. In the experiment were involved 52 students. Students also performed the test - bringing gun D - 30 from traveling to combat. Found that special training exercise significant influence on the performance of physical fitness of students. It is noted that the physical exercises for strength and power endurance develop gunners in precisely those physical qualities that are necessary for the performance of their direct duties. It is noted that the exercises for strength and strength endurance is necessary to give priority to the preparation of artillery of the Army.
Committee on Professional Associations in Archaeology
Creators: name: Aitchison, Kenneth
name: Wait, Gerrry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430199
subject: Archaeology not elsewhere classified

description: Wait, G. & Aitchison, K., 2013, “Committee on Professional Associations in Archaeology”, The European Archaeologist 40, 19.
Comparative investigations on soluble proteins and malate dehydrogenase of four grape varieties by isoelectric focusinq
Creators: name: Pallavicini, C.
name: Dal Belin Peruffo, A.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2016

description: Soluble proteins and multiple forms of malate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.37) in both skin and juice of four grape varieties, have been compared with respect to heterogeneity and isoelectric point. The protein preparations resolved into 17 to 28 very distinct components. Seven (skins) and eight (juices) of these components were of common occurrence with all varieties, as judged by the same pI value. The presence of two to seven peculiar bands in both parts of berry was also observed. In the grape the NAD-malate dehydrogenase activity was associated with 9 to 13 isoelectric forms, apparently assembled into three sets of isoenzymes. Each of these showed a rather similar dislocation in the gels; but they contained a different number of isoenzymes of distinct pI value in the skin as well as in the juice of different varieties. A higher number of variant forms was found in the skins in comparison with juices. Between two and four isomalate dehydrogenases of the same net charge were found in both parts of berries of the same variety, whereas the remaining isoenzymes appeared to be non-identical and, thus, presumably the product of distinct genes. Vergleichende Untersuchung über die löslichen Proteine und die Malat-Dehydrogenase von vier Rebsorten mittels isoelektrischer Fokussierung Die löslichen Proteine und multiplen Formen der Malat-Dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.37) sowohl in der Schale als auch im Saft der Beeren von vier Rebsorten wurden in bezug auf Heterogenität und isoelektrischen Punkt verglichen. Die Proteinpräparate ließen sich in 17 bis 28 deutlich unterscheidbare Komponenten auftrennen. Aufgrund übereinstimmender pI-Werte besaßen alle Sorten in der Schale sieben und im Saft acht gleiche Komponenten. Auch wurden in den beiden Teilen der Beere zwei bis sieben charakteristische Proteinbanden beobachtet. Das Muster der NAD-Malat-Dehydrogenase in der Beere setzt sich aus 9 bis 13 isoelektrischen Formen zusammen, die offensichtlich in drei Gruppen von Isoenzymen angeordnet sind. Die einzelnen Gruppen waren in den Gelen ziemlich übereinstimmend lokalisiert; aber die einzelnen Sorten besaßen sowohl in der Schale als auch im Saft eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Enzymen eines bestimmten pI-Wertes. In den Schalen wurde eine vergleichsweise größere Anzahl unterschiedlicher Isoenzyme gefunden als in den Säften. In den beiden Beerenteilen einer Sorte wurden zwei bis vier Isomalat-Dehydrogenasen mit übereinstimmendem pI-Wert ermittelt, während die restlichen Isoenzyme anscheinend nicht identisch und somit wohl auf ungleiche Gene zurückzuführen waren.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 14 No. 1 (1975): Vitis
China and the Latin America Commodities Boom: A Critical Assessment
Creators: name: Gallagher, Kevin P.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: In this paper we analyze the extent to which Chinese demand enhanced the performance of Latin American economies in the period of economic boom that took place from the turn of the century until the run up to the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009. It has been argued that China’s rise has been a blessing for the region because Chinese demand boosted exports and in part caused a hike in commodities prices worldwide. We find that the direct impact on the region’s exports was much smaller than what was touted. What’s more, we find that there were signs that China demand was accentuating concerns about the “resource curse” and deindustrialization in the region. We come to these conclusions in the following manner. First, we calculate the fastest growing and largest exports in LAC in the run up to the crisis. To approximate the extent to which China demand propelled such exports, we calculate the percentage of global export growth in those LAC export growth sectors that was taken by China. We then examine bi-lateral trade with China, analyzing the total amount and sectoral composition of such trade, and the major countries involved in China LAC trade. We find that China had a significant direct and indirect impact on LAC exports, but only in a handful of countries and sectors. For those sectors, we show with the latest available projected data that despite pre-crisis projections to the contrary, the upward trend in prices clearly seems to have ended. We then address the question of whether the China-led boom and related price increases may have made these countries vulnerable to Dutch Disease, and finally whether the nations that benefited from China were equipped to fiscally reap transfer the benefits of the recent boom into diversified development for their populations. In sum, we find that China had a relatively small impact on the region except in a small handful of countries and sectors. We also find little concrete evidence for a resource curse, though this needs to be studied in more depth. We also find that contrary to past booms LAC has the mechanisms in place to transfer some of the rents from the boom period toward long run development. Unfortunately the current economic crisis will make addressing these issues even harder than before.
Infezioni di Cylindrocarpon obtusisporium su piante di vite in Sicilia
Creators: name: Grasso, S.
name: Magnano Di San Lio, G.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2016

description: Da barbatelle dell'ibrido 225 Ruggeri con sviluppo stentato e imbrunimenti del legno, ai quali corrispondevano accumuli di gomma nei vasi dello xilema, provenienti da un vivaio siciliano, è stata isolata una specie fungina identificata come Cylindrocarpon obtusisporium WOLLENW. Inoculando il fungo su talee dello stesso portinnesto è stata riprodotta la sindrome osservata nelle infezioni naturali e dal legno imbrunito si è potuto poi reisolare tale agente patogeno. Si conclude che i fenomeni di deperimento riscontrati sulle barbatelle di vite in vivaio sono causati da infezioni di C. obtusisporium, specie, a quanto risulta, non ancora segnalata su Vitis. Infections of Cylindrocarpon obtusisporium on grapevines in Sicily A decline of rooted cuttings of the grapevine hybrid 225 Ruggeri, caracterized by stunting, black discoloratìon of the wood and gum inclusions of xylem vessels, has been detected in a Sicilian nursery. A species of fungus, namely C. obtusisporium WOLLENW., has been isolated from the affected tissues. By artificial inoculations carried out on cuttings of the same rootstock, the isolate of C. obtusisporium has induced the syndrome observed in naturally occurring infections. The causal agent has been reisolated on an artificial medium from such affected vines. C. obtusisporium, apparently not yet reported on Vitis, seems to be the causal agent of the decline phenomena observed in the nursery.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 14 No. 1 (1975): Vitis
Rethinking the Economics of Capital Mobility and Capital Controls
Creators: name: Palley, Thomas I.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: This paper reexamines the issue of international financial capital mobility, which has become today’s economic orthodoxy. The policy discussion is often framed in terms of the impossible trinity. That framing distorts discussion by representing capital mobility as having equal significance with sovereign monetary policy and control over exchange rates. It also distorts discussion by ignoring possibilities for coordinated monetary policy and exchange rates, and for managed capital flows. The case for capital mobility rests on neo-classical economic efficiency arguments and neo-liberal political arguments. The case against capital mobility is based on Keynesian macroeconomic inefficiency arguments, neo-Walrasian market failure arguments, and neo-Marxian arguments regarding distortion of the social structure of accumulation. Close examination shows the case for capital mobility to be extremely flimsy. That points to the ideological dimension behind today’s policy orthodoxy.
On LLM Wizards: Identifying Large Language Models' Behaviors for Wizard of Oz Experiments
Creators: name: Fang, Jingchao
name: Arechiga, Nikos
name: Namaoshi, Keiichi
name: Bravo, Nayeli
name: Hogan, Candice
name: Shamma, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.m; I.2.7

description: The Wizard of Oz (WoZ) method is a widely adopted research approach where a human Wizard ``role-plays'' a not readily available technology and interacts with participants to elicit user behaviors and probe the design space. With the growing ability for modern large language models (LLMs) to role-play, one can apply LLMs as Wizards in WoZ experiments with better scalability and lower cost than the traditional approach. However, methodological guidance on responsibly applying LLMs in WoZ experiments and a systematic evaluation of LLMs' role-playing ability are lacking. Through two LLM-powered WoZ studies, we take the first step towards identifying an experiment lifecycle for researchers to safely integrate LLMs into WoZ experiments and interpret data generated from settings that involve Wizards role-played by LLMs. We also contribute a heuristic-based evaluation framework that allows the estimation of LLMs' role-playing ability in WoZ experiments and reveals LLMs' behavior patterns at scale.
description: To be published in ACM IVA 2024
Development of Poltava network sports schools and inspection of there state sports activities in 50-70 years of XX century
Creators: name: Kanivec, Zoya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Education

description: Shows the state of mass sports and sports work in children's sports schools (CSS). On the example of Poltava CSS revealed the genesis of these institutions and the dynamics of changes in their operations. Imposed by the statistics on the state of sports activities. The role of control over the quality of sports activities in CSS criteria: staffing sports school students and coaching staff, educational work, training sessions, planning of school sports, execution of the plan the coaches training athletes-arresters; specialty schools, schools with mass communication schools ; leadership of the school, financially and sports facilities. The absence of a systematic and effective control by CSS of the regional, city and district departments of education, lack of supervision of the work of directors coaches, lack of communication with middle-and eight-year schools.
Smooth Like Butter: Evaluating Multi-Lattice Transitions in Property-Augmented Latent Spaces
Creators: name: Baldwin, Martha
name: Meisel, Nicholas A.
name: McComb, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additive manufacturing has revolutionized structural optimization by enhancing component strength and reducing material requirements. One approach used to achieve these improvements is the application of multi-lattice structures, where the macro-scale performance relies on the detailed design of mesostructural lattice elements. Many current approaches to designing such structures use data-driven design to generate multi-lattice transition regions, making use of machine learning models that are informed solely by the geometry of the mesostructures. However, it remains unclear if the integration of mechanical properties into the dataset used to train such machine learning models would be beneficial beyond using geometric data alone. To address this issue, this work implements and evaluates a hybrid geometry/property Variational Autoencoder (VAE) for generating multi-lattice transition regions. In our study, we found that hybrid VAEs demonstrate enhanced performance in maintaining stiffness continuity through transition regions, indicating their suitability for design tasks requiring smooth mechanical properties.
Proto-Armenian phonetic contact phenomena
Creators: name: Kocharov, Petr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Handout of a presentation given at the "The Secondary Homelands of the Indo-European Languages" (Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft 2022 / Workshop of the Society for Indo-European studies 2022 / Leiden University, 5-7 September 2022).
New Critical Perspectives on the U.S. and the Post-WWII Global Economy: Brenner, Harvey, and Pollin
Creators: name: Chowkwanyun, Merlin
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: In the current economic crisis, left and progressive political economy has enjoyed renewed attention and credibility, both inside and outside of academia. This  has two goals. First, it surveys the important recent contributions to this literature by Robert Brenner, David Harvey, and Robert Pollin, summarizing key arguments and identifying generative research questions and theoretical heuristics for further inquiry. Second, it reads these works alongside several tendencies in the recent history of the Anglo-American left and considers how they might help to forge more fruitful dialogue between analyses of social movements and economic structures, too often studied apart. Throughout, the paper stresses the importance of retaining the robust critical power of the left critique while avoiding the fatalism, sectarianism, and “automatic” theories of social change that have bedeviled the left’s recent past.
Evaluation of junior courses students’ level of mobilization of functional backlogs at the dosed physical activities at the pedagogical university
Creators: name: Bosenсo, Anatoliy
name: Samokih, I.I.
name: Strashko, S.V.
name: Orlik, N.A.
name: Petrovsky, E.P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Education

description: A study of the functional capacity of the organism lower division students. The study involved 85 students of 1-2 courses, 14 of which were engaged and were part of the team of the University of volleyball. As a student of muscular work performed pedaling on bicycle. The energy level was determined by performing metered loads with changing facilities for closed cycle. The data characterizing the physiological "cost" of adaptation, the level of stress the body of students in different phases of muscular work. Developed and presented model characteristics of the energy level of the body of girls. Reviewed degree of mobilization of functional reserves under load for closed loop five-point scale. Defined physical condition of students during the first year. The recommendations of the evaluation and prediction of the actual state of the physical health of students and improve physical education in high school.
From the Crisis of Distribution to the Distribution of the Costs of the Crisis: What Can We Learn from Previous Crises about the Effects of the Financial Crisis on Labor Share?
Creators: name: Onaran, Özlem
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: The paper analyzes the possible distributional consequences of the global crisis based on the lessons of the past crises experiences. The decline in the labor share across the globe has been a major factor that led to the current global crisis. What we are going through is a crisis of distribution, and similarly the policy reactions to the crisis are part of a distributional struggle. The paper presents the effects of the former crises in the developing countries and in Japan on income distribution, wages, and unemployment. This comparison is important not only because it compares developing vs. developed country cases, but also because it highlights the differences of the currency crises vs. domestic financial crises regarding the distributional consequences. However despite differences, the cumulative effect is in both cases a dramatic pro-capital redistribution. Building on these lessons, the paper discusses the possible different effects of the current global crisis in the developed countries, Eastern Europe, and developing countries, and concludes with policy alternatives to avoid the socialization of the costs of the crisis.
Comparative analysis of exercise equipment jerk in weightlifting and weight sport
Creators: name: Djim, Victor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Education

description: The approaches to the analysis of exercise equipment in weightlifting and weight sport. The method of photographic images and analysis videogram movement. Exercise performed once with the weights of 50, 65 and 75% of the maximum limit. Kettlebell snatch carried out using two dumbbells weighing 32 kg each. An improved technique spurt in which efficiency is the greatest. It is noted that under the dash with undergrowth performed the lead from the platform heels. This technique does not allow the movement of the full potential of the athlete. 'Technique of the jerk with full support legs for the entire period lifting a barbell. Found that it reduces the lift rod and provides the trajectory of the rod with the continuous growth to its final value.
Could International Labor Rights Play a Role in U.S. Trade?
Creators: name: Weller, Christian E.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: During its last complete business cycle, from 2001 to 2007, the United States experienced unsustainably high trade deficits. Policymakers are considering a number of measures to avoid a recurrence of such large external imbalances. One such measure is the promotion of better labor rights around the world. Proponents argue that higher labor standards would boost U.S. exports by increasing income growth abroad and reduce U.S. imports by shrinking international price differences. Opponents of such a policy move argue that it is disguised protectionism that will impede trade and harm living standards in the United States and abroad. In this paper, I combine U.S. trade data with data on international labor standards and other relevant economic variables to study if there is a link between labor rights abroad and U.S. trade. The results suggest that the United States would have benefited from more exports if there had been better worker rights around the world, while labor rights would not have had any measurable impact on U.S. imports. That is, the promotion of better worker rights around the world could contribute to fewer external imbalances without impeding international trade flows.
On the Nature and Causes of the Collapse of the Wealth of Nations, 2007/2008: The End of a Façade Called Globalization
Creators: name: Yeldan, Erinç
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: This paper investigates the 2007/2008 crisis which has been hailed as the most devastating (and complex) crisis of capitalism since the great depression of 1929. It further discusses the future trends in global capitalism with special emphasis on the expected future developments that are likely to be experienced in the world economy at large. The main argument of the paper is that the 2007/2008 crisis had not been the end result of a series of technical errors or ad hoc developments that occurred on their own, but should be regarded as the result of the systemic imbalances of capitalism in the last three decades. Thus, in order to evaluate the conditions of the global crisis more clearly, it is found pertinent that the underlying structural causes of the current crisis waves ought to be studied. The paper further follows the steps of the Marxian literature on crises, prominently of Rosa Luxemburg, pointing out to the necessity of a ‘corrective war’ in order to break with the “old” institutions, “old” technologies, and “old” methods of
accumulation.
Response to “Seven Myths about Green Jobs” and “Green Jobs Myths”
Creators: name: Pollin, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: Two new papers purport to debunk “myths” about recent students on the employment effects of investments in the clean energy economy. The full 97 page version of this work is titled “Green Jobs Myths” and the 21 page summary paper is titled “Seven Myths about Green Jobs.”  These papers are written as a response to what they term the “rapidly gaining popularity” of four studies that attempt to show the employment gains that can emerge from investments in building a clean energy economy in the United States. The four studies to which they refer are U.S. Metro Economies: Current and Potential Green Jobs in the U.S. Economy, published by the U.S. Conference of Mayors; Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency, published by the American Solar Energy Society; Green Jobs: Towards Decent Work in a Sustainable, Low-Carbon World, published by the United Nations Environmental Program; and Green Recovery, co-published by the Center for American Progress (CAP) and Political Economy Research Institute (PERI) at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. These papers offer a few useful correctives on some detailed points regarding the links between green investments and jobs. But overall, they end up accomplishing exactly the opposite of what they intend. They attempt to identify and puncture “myths,” on the green economy, but instead offer no challenge to the central explanations as to how investing in the green economy will provide significant benefits throughout the U.S. economy.
The Social Construction of Successful Market Reforms
Creators: name: Stuckler, David
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: The transition from socialism to capitalism has spawned a large literature on comparative policy reforms. While many sociologists using qualitative data have concluded that neo-liberal reforms led to negative outcomes, a large body of cross-national literature, mostly from economics and political science, claims that more neo-liberal reforms produced better economic and political outcomes. These latter studies almost all use measures of policy reform constructed by economists at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). We show, using the EBRD’s own data, that their indices of progress in market reforms are biased in the direction of positive growth. That is, the EBRD’s bureaucracy over-codes the more successful countries. When one accounts for this bias, the relationship between the EBRD’s transition indicators and growth significantly weakens or disappears. These findings have implications for social scientific research using statistics constructed by international organizations, like the World Bank and the IMF.
Estimation of repeatability for Medicago truncatula phenotypic data
Creators: name: Stanton-Geddes, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Estimation of clonal repeatability, an upper-bound on heritability, for replicated accessions of Medicago truncatula grown in a greenhouse. Accompanies paper "Estimating heritability using genomic data" by J. Stanton-Geddes et al. (in press) Methods in Ecology and Evolution.  The data used in this script is available on DataDryad: http://datadryad.org/resource/doi:10.5061/dryad.pq143
Designing vaping prevention messages for youth: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Chen, Yu
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Communication
subject: Health Communication
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: health communication
subject: message design
subject: vaping prevention
subject: youth

description: Youth vaping has become a significant public health concern globally. Effective prevention messages are essential to reduce the prevalence of vaping among young people. However, evidence on the design of youth vaping prevention messages is limited. This scoping review aims to systematically map the existing evidence, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research and practice.
Finite-State Automaton To/From Regular Expression Visualization
Creators: name: Morazán, Marco T.
name: Minić, Tijana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most Formal Languages and Automata Theory courses explore the duality between computation models to recognize words in a language and computation models to generate words in a language. For students unaccustomed to formal statements, these transformations are rarely intuitive. To assist students with such transformations, visualization tools can play a pivotal role. This article presents visualization tools developed for FSM -- a domain-specific language for the Automata Theory classroom -- to transform a finite state automaton to a regular expression and vice versa. Using these tools, the user may provide an arbitrary finite-state machine or an arbitrary regular expression and step forward and step backwards through a transformation. At each step, the visualization describes the step taken. The tools are outlined, their implementation is described, and they are compared with related work. In addition, empirical data collected from a control group is presented. The empirical data suggests that the tools are well-received, effective, and learning how to use them has a low extraneous cognitive load.
description: In Proceedings TFPIE 2024, arXiv:2407.06355
The Simple Analytics of Debt-Driven Business Cycles
Creators: name: Palley, Thomas I.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: This paper explores the economics of debt-driven business cycles, distinguishing between Keynesian and new Keynesian approaches. Keynesians emphasize the impact of borrowing and debt on aggregate demand (AD), whereas new Keynesians emphasize the impact on aggregate supply (AS). A unique Keynesian feature is emphasis on debtor – creditor debt-service income transfers. Business cycles result from two mechanisms. One is the multiplier – accelerator AD mechanism. The second is a predator – prey mechanism whereby increased income feeds the level of debt, but the level of debt preys on the level of income. Both the Keynesian and new Keynesian approaches are logically coherent, but the latter is at odds with the stylized facts of business cycles.
COVID-19 and Labour Law: Switzerland
Creators: name: Pärli, Kurt
Publisher: name: Italian Labour Law e-Journal
Year: 2020
Subjects: Covid-19; Labour Law; Social security benefits; Short-time work; Vulnerable employees

description: The coronavirus epidemic has hit Switzerland hard. Like many other countries, Switzerland has used restrictive measures to shut down public life and economic activities in large areas. In addition, various social security benefits have been provided, particularly in the event of short-time working. However, benefits were also made available for self-employed persons and employees affected by the official measures in other ways. In terms of labour law, the employer’s obligations to protect particularly vulnerable employees were increased.
description: Italian Labour Law e-Journal, Vol 13, No 1S (2020): Special Issue: Covid-19 and Labour Law. A Global Review
[EN] Æurosphere Ecological. How Science of Networks, Information Dynamics and Connectivism could help Politics to be more inclusive, transparent, equitable for people, incorporating Culture and different disciplines in the progressive stages of decision making — Pt.#1
Creators: name: Laquidara, Giuseppe
name: Boém, Marika Mazzi
name: Jovenal, J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Education
subject: Computational Physics
subject: Environmental Science
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Basing on our research “ThePrimate® - HPW and NNs Ecosystem based on DDC+ classification ori- ented to singularities” [DOI.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.689881, (2012)], and “An approach to Fila- mento” [DOI.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.714984, (2012)], as well as on “Æurosphere number zerØ” [J. Jovenal, DOI.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.722894, (2005, r.2013)], we developed an executive project of the original Æurosphere’s model (2005), at present time named Æurosphere Ecological. It stands as a complex and highly open participatory structure, plugged in the civil society and aiming to aggregate social issues basing on the values of connectivism, as well as to bridge the gap between government organizations and citizens, yet increasing exponentially and dynamically the rise of borderline or invisi- ble issues. The project could be implemented quickly and at low costs. These resulting rising social is- sues (could be defined as needs, proposals, petitions, recall, etx.] impact on a critical mass of individuals and organization, thus increasing their level of involvement as well as generating a multiplier effect. The Æurosphere Ecological system is able to ensure a very high creative rate of the so-called e-democracy members by stimulating them to activate original models-solutions; these could be easily and quickly applicable to the strategic political lines and to the legislative activities spread out by governments and political parties, thanks to a modeling processing and a quantitative analysis able to produce highly ac- cessible, understandable, quantifiable proposals, rules and laws, even within different and far geographi- cal and geopolitical districts and on a long-run period.
Unemployment Compensation and High European Unemployment: A Reassessment with New Benefit Indicators
Creators: name: Howell, David R.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: Generous unemployment benefits lie at the heart of the conventional explanation for persistent high unemployment. The effects of benefit generosity are more ambiguous in a broader behavioral framework in which workers get substantial disutility from unemployment controlling for income, and know that unemployment has scarring effects in the future. The micro evidence suggests modest effects of changes in generosity, but there are reasons to doubt that the impacts on national unemployment rates are consequential. The strongest evidence for the orthodox prediction comes from cross-country regressions on the OECD’s gross replacement rate (GRR), but we find little support in the pattern of annual changes in the GRR and the unemployment rate for OECD countries over the last three decades. We take advantage of newly released and much improved net replacement rate indicators from the OECD, which show little correlation with either the GRRs or with unemployment and employment rates. The evidence does not offer compelling support for the view that benefit generosity is at the root of high European unemployment.
The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Reconsidered
Creators: name: Weeks, John
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: This paper inspects the standard policy rule that under a flexible exchange rate regime with perfectly elastic capital flows monetary policy is effective and fiscal policy is not. The logical validity of the statement requires that the effect of an exchange rate change on the domestic price level be ignored. The price level effect is noted in some textbooks, but not formally analysed. When it is subjected to a rigorous analysis, the interaction between changes in the exchange rate and the domestic price level significantly alters the standard policy rule.
The logically correct statement would be, under a flexible exchange rate regime with perfectly elastic capital flows the effectiveness of monetary policy depends on the values of the import share and the sum of the trade elasticities. Inspection of data from developing countries indicates the effectiveness of monetary policy under flexible exchange rates can be quite low even if capital flows are perfectly elastic.
Goodwin or Kalecki in Demand? Functional Income Distribution and Aggregate Demand in the Short Run
Creators: name: Stockhammer, Engelbert
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: In a seminal paper on Marxian business cycle theory Goodwin (1967) presented a model, which assumed that a higher wage share leads to lower investment and thus a general economic slowdown. In contrast Kalecki (1971) was arguing that a higher wage share would have an expansionary effect because the consumption propensity out of wage income is higher than that out of profit income. Based on a general model that allows for wage-led as well as profit-led demand regimes, this paper estimates the effects of a change in the wage share on aggregate private domestic demand with quarterly data for 12 OECD countries.
The Interaction of Metropolitan Cost-of-Living & the Federal Earned Income Tax Credit: One Size Fits All?
Creators: name: Thompson, Jeffrey P
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: This paper explores the interaction between the federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and the cost-of-living faced by single mothers. After the 1993 EITC expansion, we identify up to a 10 percentage point increase in labor force participation for single mothers in the lowest cost areas but no discernable response in the highest cost areas. We conclude that the EITC’s welfare-enhancing properties are undermined by the interaction of the program’s fixed national rules and geographic variation in wages and cost-of-living. In addition, our findings suggest that the EITC does little to reduce joblessness in many of the nation’s largest cities.
We would like to thank Stacy Dickert-Conlin, Andrew Hanson, Jeffrey Kubik, Tim Smeeding, Tracy Gordon, Gary Engelhardt, Chris Rohlfs, and Perry Singleton for helpful comments and guidance. We would also like to thank Yong Chen and Stuart Rosenthal for use of their quality-adjusted rental cost data. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and should not be construed in whole or in part to any branch of the federal government. Any remaining errors are our own.
Socialization of Risks without Socialization of Investment: The Minsky Paradox and the Structural Contradiction of Big Government Capitalism
Creators: name: Li, Minqi
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: A big government sector is indispensable for the normal operations of modern capitalist economy. However, the very success of the big government institutions encourages private investors to engage in excessive risk-taking activities, leading to growing financial fragility and frequent financial crises. The crises necessitate government interventions, forcing the government to run large deficits during recessions. These deficits, however, are not offset by surpluses during expansions. As a result, there is a tendency for the government debt to rise in relation to GDP. The government debt-GDP ratios cannot keep rising indefinitely. Beyond certain point, the debt-GDP ratio could be so high that the government’s ability to intervene with and stabilize the economy would be severely undermined. This may be characterized as the structural contradiction of big government capitalism.
Teaching Type Systems Implementation with Stella, an Extensible Statically Typed Programming Language
Creators: name: Abounegm, Abdelrahman
name: Kudasov, Nikolai
name: Stepanov, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.2; D.3.4

description: We report on a half-semester course focused around implementation of type systems in programming languages. The course assumes basics of classical compiler construction, in particular, the abstract syntax representation, the Visitor pattern, and parsing. The course is built around a language Stella with a minimalistic core and a set of small extensions, covering algebraic data types, references, exceptions, exhaustive pattern matching, subtyping, recursive types, universal polymorphism, and type reconstruction. Optionally, an implementation of an interpreter and a compiler is offered to the students. To facilitate fast development and variety of implementation languages we rely on the BNF Converter tool and provide templates for the students in multiple languages. Finally, we report some results of teaching based on students' achievements.
description: In Proceedings TFPIE 2024, arXiv:2407.06355
Did Retirees Save Enough to Compensate for the Increase in Individual Risk Exposure?
Creators: name: Weller, Christian E.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: The United States experienced an unprecedented financial crisis after 2007. This paper analyzes if retirees had enough wealth built up to weather the financial risks that materialized in the crisis. Financial risks associated with saving for retirement had increasingly shifted onto individuals away from the public and employers during the decades before the crisis. This growing personal responsibility should have gone along with more saving and less risk taking. I use data from the Federal Reserve’s triennial Survey of Consumer Finances to first define an income threshold for retirees, specifically whether annuity income is greater than twice the poverty line – a common proxy for basic income needs. I then calculate the potential retirement income that retirees could expect if they translated all of their wealth into income and if the income is adjusted for market, idiosyncratic, and longevity risks. I compare the potential risk-adjusted income for retirees with annuity income above twice the poverty line to those retirees with annuity income below twice the poverty line. Both groups of retirees should have at least the same level of risk-adjusted potential retirement income. This comparison shows, however, that retirees with annuity income below twice the poverty line did not build up sufficient wealth to compensate for the rising financial risk exposure. Public policy thus should maintain existing sources of annuity income, promote greater annuitization of financial wealth, and encourage additional savings.
Climate Change and Damage from Extreme Weather Events
Creators: name: Repetto, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: The risks of extreme weather events are typically being estimated, by federal
agencies and others, with historical frequency data assumed to reflect future
probabilities. These estimates may not yet have adequately factored in the
effects of past and future climate change, despite strong evidence of a
changing climate. They have relied on historical data stretching back as far
as fifty or a hundred years that may be increasingly unrepresentative of
future conditions.
Government and private organizations that use these risk assessments
in designing programs and projects with long expected lifetimes may
therefore be investing too little to make existing and newly constructed
infrastructure resistant to the effects of changing climate. New investments
designed to these historical risk standards may suffer excess damages and
poor returns. This paper illustrates the issue with an economic analysis of the
risks of relatively intense hurricanes striking the New York City region.
Labor Productivity: A Comparative Analysis of the European Union and United States, 1994-2007
Creators: name: Palazuelos, Enrique
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2009

description: This article confirms that labor productivity in the European economies has continued to slow down in recent years. U.S. productivity growth has been higher than in the EU, but only since 2001. At the same time, both economies have modified previous employment performance: EU employment growth is now higher than in U.S. This article proposes that productivity growth be explained by demand dynamics, and investment in particular, not forgetting the influence of employment, along with other factors such as new technologies.
Programming Language Case Studies Can Be Deep
Creators: name: Bohrer, Rose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the pedagogy of programming languages, one well-known course structure is to tour multiple languages as a means of touring paradigms. This tour-of-paradigms approach has long received criticism as lacking depth, distracting students from foundational issues in language theory and implementation. This paper argues for disentangling the idea of a tour-of-languages from the tour-of-paradigms. We make this argument by presenting, in depth, a series of case studies included in the Human-Centered Programming Languages curriculum. In this curriculum, case studies become deep, serving to tour the different intellectual foundations through which a scholar can approach programming languages, which one could call the tour-of-humans. In particular, the design aspect of programming languages has much to learn from the social sciences and humanities, yet these intellectual foundations would yield far fewer deep contributions if we did not permit them to employ case studies.
description: In Proceedings TFPIE 2024, arXiv:2407.06355