cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen-Doped 9-Cell Cavity Performance in a Test Cryomodule for LCLS-II
Creators: name: Gonnella, Dan
name: Eichhorn, Ralf
name: Furuta, Fumio
name: Ge, Mingqi
name: Hall, Daniel
name: Ho, Vivian
name: Hoffstaetter, Georg
name: Liepe, Matthias
name: O'Connell, Tim
name: Posen, Sam
name: Quigley, Peter
name: Sears, James
name: Veshcherevich, Vadim
name: Grassellino, Anna
name: Romanenko, Alexander
name: Sergatskov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconducting RF linac for LCLS-II calls for 1.3 GHz 9-cell cavities with an average intrinsic quality factor Q0 of 2.7x10^10 at 2 K and 16 MV/m accelerating gradient. Two niobium 9-cell cavities, prepared with nitrogen-doping at Fermilab, were assembled into the Cornell Horizontal Test Cryomodule (HTC) to test cavity performance in a cryomodule that is very similar to a full LCLS-II cryomodule. The cavities met LCLS-II specifications with an average quench field of 17 MV/m and an average Q0 of 3x10^10. The sensitivity of the cavities' residual resistance to ambient magnetic field was determined to be 0.5 nOhm/mG during fast cool down. In two cool downs, a heater attached to one of the cavity beam tubes was used to induce large horizontal temperature gradients. Here we report on the results of these first tests of nitrogen-doped cavities in cryomodule, which provide critical information for the LCLS-II project.
description: 11 pages, 22 figures
The therapy frequency of antibiotics and phenotypical resistance of Escherichia coli in calf rearing sites in Germany
Creators: name: Merle, Roswitha
name: Weise, Susann
name: Gorisek, Lisa
name: Baer, Jorinde
name: Robé, Caroline
name: Friese, Anika
name: Jensen, Katharina Charlotte
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: antimicrobials
subject: calves
subject: AMR score
subject: therapy frequency
subject: antibiotics use
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Introduction The association between antibiotic use and the occurrence of resistant bacteria is a global health problem and is subject to enormous efforts at national and international levels. Within the scope of the study “KAbMon”, the resistance situation as well as the use of antibiotics in calf rearing farms in Germany was investigated. We hypothesized that the levels of resistance are associated with certain calf keeping farm types, such as pre-weaned calf farms, animal groups, and therapy frequency. Methods In total, 95 calf keeping farms were visited between October 2019 and April 2021. At each farm, up to three pooled fecal samples (10 freshly released feces each) were collected. One sample was taken in the youngest calf group, another in the oldest calf group, and one in the hospital box, if available. Escherichia coli was isolated from non-selective MacConkey agar. The therapy frequency reflects the average number of treatment days per calf in a half-year, while the resistance score is the sum of the relative minimum inhibitory concentration per substance over all 10 tested substances. Results The 1781 isolates from 178 samples showed high resistance rates against sulfamethoxazole (82%), tetracycline (49%), and ampicillin (40%). High resistance scores were mainly found in pre-weaned calf farms (purchasing calves from 2 weeks of life) and in the youngest animals. The therapy frequency showed an almost linear relationship with the resistance scores, and the age at purchase was negatively related to the resistance score. Discussion The high use of antimicrobials of young calves might be associated with a high risk for infectious diseases and might indicate that the current system of crowding 14-day-old calves from different farms in one group is not optimal. Further efforts are necessary to educate and motivate the calf keepers to ensure highest levels of hygiene and management as well as animal welfare conditions and to increase animal health.
Additional file 8 of Global patterns of diversity and metabolism of microbial communities in deep-sea hydrothermal vent deposits
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhichao
name: St. John, Emily
name: Anantharaman, Karthik
name: Reysenbach, Anna-Louise
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Additional file 8. Supplementary Discussion.
Deep Neural Networks with Random Gaussian Weights: A Universal Classification Strategy?
Creators: name: Giryes, Raja
name: Sapiro, Guillermo
name: Bronstein, Alex M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5.1
subject: 62M45

description: Three important properties of a classification machinery are: (i) the system preserves the core information of the input data; (ii) the training examples convey information about unseen data; and (iii) the system is able to treat differently points from different classes. In this work we show that these fundamental properties are satisfied by the architecture of deep neural networks. We formally prove that these networks with random Gaussian weights perform a distance-preserving embedding of the data, with a special treatment for in-class and out-of-class data. Similar points at the input of the network are likely to have a similar output. The theoretical analysis of deep networks here presented exploits tools used in the compressed sensing and dictionary learning literature, thereby making a formal connection between these important topics. The derived results allow drawing conclusions on the metric learning properties of the network and their relation to its structure, as well as providing bounds on the required size of the training set such that the training examples would represent faithfully the unseen data. The results are validated with state-of-the-art trained networks.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
title: Aktive Gefahrenbremsungen - wie reagiert das Fahrer-Fahrzeug-System?
Creators: name: Fecher, Norbert
name: Hoffmann, Jens
name: Winner, Hermann
name: Fuchs, Klaus
name: Abendroth, Bettina
name: Bruder, Ralph
Publisher: name: Springer Vieweg
Year: 2023

description: Ein Ansatz zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit im Straßenverkehr ist die Unterstützung des Fahrers durch Aktive Gefahrenbremsungen. Zur Beurteilung des Verhaltens von Fahrern arbeitete ein interdisziplinäres Wissenschaftlerteam der TU Darmstadt im Auftrag von sechs Industriepartnern (Audi, Bosch, BMW, Continental, MAN, Opel) im Rahmen der Forschungsinitiative „Aktiv“ (Adaptive und kooperative Technologien für den intelligenten Verkehr) [6], die vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) gefördert wird.
Learning Rough-Terrain Autonomous Navigation
Creators: name: J. Andrew  Bagnell
name: Bradley, David
name: Silver, David
name: Sofman, Boris
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous navigation by a mobile robot through L natural, unstructured terrain is one of the premier k challenges in field robotics. Tremendous advances V in autonomous navigation have been made recently in field robotics. Machine learning has played an increasingly important role in these advances. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) UGCV-Perceptor Integration (UPI) program was conceived to take a fresh approach to all aspects of autonomous outdoor mobile robot design, from vehicle design to the design of perception and control systems with the goal of achieving a leap in performance to enable the next generation of robotic applications in commercial, industrial, and military applications. The essential problem addressed by the UPI program is to enable safe autonomous traverse of a robot from Point A to Point B in the least time possible given a series of waypoints in complex, unstructured terrain separated by 0.2-2 km. To accomplish this goal, machine learning techniques were heavily used to provide robust and adaptive performance, while simultaneously reducing the required development and deployment time. This article describes the autonomous system, Crusher, developed for the UPI program and the learning approaches that aided in its successful performance.
Chaos Removal in the $R+qR^2$ gravity: the Mixmaster model
Creators: name: Moriconi, Riccardo
name: Montani, Giovanni
name: Capozziello, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the asymptotic dynamics of the Mixmaster Universe, near the cosmological singularity, considering $f(R)$ gravity up to a quadratic corrections in the Ricci scalar $R$. The analysis is performed in the scalar-tensor framework and adopting Misner-Chitré-like variables to describe the Mixmaster Universe, whose dynamics resembles asymptotically a billiard-ball in a given domain of the half-Poincaré space. The form of the potential well depends on the spatial curvature of the model and on the particular form of the self-interacting scalar field potential. We demonstrate that the potential walls determine an open domain in the configuration region, allowing the point-Universe to reach the absolute of the considered Lobachevsky space. In other words, we outline the existence of a stable final Kasner regime in the Mixmaster evolution, implying the chaos removal near the cosmological singularity. The relevance of the present issue relies both on the general nature of the considered dynamics, allowing its direct extension to the BKL conjecture too, as well as the possibility to regard the considered modified theory of gravity as the first correction to the Einstein-Hilbert action as a Taylor expansion of a generic function $f(R)$ (as soon as a cut-off on the space-time curvature takes place).
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Support- and meaning-focused coping as key factors for maintaining adult quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Creators: name: Cohrdes, Caroline
name: Pryss, Rüdiger
name: Baumeister, Harald
name: Eicher, Sophie
name: Knoll, Nina
name: Hölling, Heike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: WHOQOL-BREF
subject: quality of life
subject: Brief COPE
subject: coping
subject: moderation
subject: sociodemographic characteristics
subject: public health promotion
subject: COVID-19
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, questions about both consequences and helpful strategies to maintain quality of life (QoL) have become increasingly important. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of coping factors during the COVID-19 pandemic, their associations with QoL and the moderating role of certain sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Analyses were based on cross-sectional self-reports from German adult participants (N = 2,137, 18–84 years, 52.1% female) of the CORONA HEALTH APP Study from July 2020 to July 2021. Multivariate regression analyses were used to predict (a) coping factors assessed with the Brief COPE and (b) QoL assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF while taking measurement time, central sociodemographic, and health characteristics into account. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, German adults mostly pursued problem- and meaning-focused coping factors and showed a relatively good QoL [Mean values (M) from 57.2 to 73.6, standard deviations (SD) = 16.3−22.6], except for the social domain (M = 57.2, SD = 22.6), and with a decreasing trend over time (β from −0.06 to −0.11, ps < 0.01). Whereas, escape-avoidance coping was negatively related to all QoL domains (β = −0.35, p < 0.001 for psychological, β = −0.22, p < 0.001 for physical, β = −0.13, p = 0.045 for social, β = −0.49, p < 0.001 for environmental QoL), support- and meaning-focused coping showed positive associations with various QoL domains (β from 0.19 to 0.45, ps < 0.01). The results also suggested differences in the pursuit of coping factors as well as in the strength of associations with QoL by sociodemographic characteristics. Escape-avoidance-focused coping was negatively associated with QoL levels in older and less educated adults (simple slopes differed at ps < 0.001), in particular. Conclusions: The results demonstrated what types of coping may be helpful to avoid QoL deterioration (i.e., support- and meaning-focused coping) and provide implications for future universal or targeted health promotion (i.e., older or less educated adults who lack social or instrumental support) and preparedness in the face of unknown challenging societal situations similar to that of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional trends of enhanced use of escape-avoidance-focused coping and QoL deterioration point toward a need for increased attention from public health and policy.
Spectroscopic Evidence of the Aharonov-Casher effect in a Cooper Pair Box
Creators: name: Bell, M. T.
name: Zhang, W.
name: Ioffe, L. B.
name: Gershenson, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed the effect of the Aharonov-Casher (AC) interference on the spectrum of a superconducting system containing a symmetric Cooper pair box (CPB) and a large inductance. By varying the charge $n_{g}$ induced on the CPB island, we observed oscillations of the device spectrum with the period $Δn_{g}=2e$. These oscillations are attributed to the charge-controlled AC interference between the fluxon tunneling processes in the CPB Josephson junctions. Total suppression of the tunneling (complete destructive interference) has been observed for the charge $n_{g}=e(2n+1)$. The CPB in this regime represents the $4π$-periodic Josephson element, which can be used for the development of the parity-protected superconducting qubits.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Seropositivity and flight-associated risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among asylum seekers arriving in Berlin, Germany – a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Brandt, Ariadne
name: Breucker, Lena
name: Keller, Jan
name: Corman, Victor Max
name: Bethke, Norma
name: Seybold, Joachim
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: refugees
subject: seropositivity
subject: hygiene behavior
subject: prevalence
subject: viral infection
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: Introduction: Refugees and asylum seekers might be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to precarious living conditions during flight. Methods: Between March 24th and June 15th 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional study among adult asylum seekers arriving in Berlin. Each participant was tested for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection with a nasopharyngeal swab using reverse transcriptase PCR (rt-PCR), and for anti-SARS-CoV-2-S1 IgG antibodies using ELISA. Seropositivity, antibody avidity, and data on flight history were used to categorize individuals into two groups according to the estimated time of infection before or during flight. Sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 related symptoms, hygiene behaviors, and living conditions during transit were assessed using two self-report questionnaires. Results: Among 1041 participants (34·5% female, mean age 32·6 years), most frequently reported countries of origin were Moldova (20·5%), Georgia (18·9%), Syria (13·0%), Afghanistan (11·3%), and Vietnam (9·1%). Seropositivity rate was 25·1% and incidence rate of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection was 2·8%. A higher likelihood for seropositivity was observed in women (OR [95%CI]=1·64 [1·05-2·57]) but reduced by frequent hygiene behaviors (OR [95%CI]=0·75 [0·59-0·96]) or traveling by plane (OR [95%CI]=0·58 [0·35-0·96]). Other associated factors were lower educational level, accommodation in refugee shelters, traveling with children or by foot, and COVID-19 information seeking. Conclusion: Flight-associated risk factors such as accommodation in a refugee shelter and poor hygiene behaviors are associated with an elevated risk of infection, which should be addressed by public health interventions. Clinical trial registration: [https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN17401860], identifier [17401860].
Mobile Robot Programming in Education
Creators: name: Jean-Francois  Lalonde
name: Bartley, Christopher P.
name: Illah Nourbakhsh
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Mobile Robot Programming course has been taught at Carnegie Mellon University for the past twelve years. It is a problem-driven class designed for students with little or no experience with robots. In this paper, we first present the current status of the class, and show how it improves the education and training of students in a robotics curriculum by giving them a hands-on experience with a real robot. We show that, in addition to core subjects such as perception, action and cognition, students also have the opportunity to learn advanced topics such as reinforcement learning and multi-robot coordination. We then discuss the evolution of the class under general categories: hardware and programming environment, team experiments, and assignments. We present important lessons learned in each category, and how they affect the learning experience of participating students. We conclude by discussing future opportunities.
Awakening the sleeping giant of urban green in times of crisis—coverage, co-creation and practical guidelines for optimizing biodiversity-friendly and health-promoting residential greenery
Creators: name: Mohr-Stockinger, Sonja
name: Sanft, Simone J.
name: Büttner, Frederike
name: Butenschön, Sylvia
name: Rennert, Rhea
name: Säumel, Ina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: co-creation
subject: environmental justice
subject: ecosystem services
subject: green gentrification
subject: green regeneration
subject: nature-based solutions
subject: residential greenery
subject: social cohesion
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: As multiple crises deepen existing inequalities in urban societies within and between neighborhoods, strategically integrating nature-based solutions into the living environment can help reduce negative impacts and improve public health, social cohesion, and well-being. Compared to public green such as parks, semi-public residential greenery is rarely studied, is regularly overlooked by planners, and often receives step-motherly treatment from architects and housing companies. We approximated the area of residential greenery of modernist multi-story apartment complexes in Berlin, Germany. We surveyed residents’ suggestions for improving their living environments in vulnerable neighborhoods, report on co-creation experiences, and provide a practical guideline for optimizing health-promoting residential green spaces. The semi-public open space on the doorstep of two-thirds of Berlin’s population is highly fragmented and, in total, has a similar area as the public green spaces and a great potential for qualitative development. Just as the suitability of different nature-based solutions to be integrated into the residential greenery depends on building types, resident demands differ between neighborhoods. Residents called for more involvement in design, implementation, and maintenance, frequently proposing that biodiversity-friendly measures be included. As there is no universal solution even for neighborhoods sharing similar structural and socioeconomic parameters, we propose, and have tested, an optimization loop for health-promoting residential greening that involves exploring residents’ needs and co-creating local solutions for urban regeneration processes that can be initiated by different actors using bottom-up and/or top-down approaches in order to unlock this potential for healthy, livable and biodiversity friendly cities.
3D Adaptive Central Schemes: part I Algorithms for Assembling the Dual Mesh
Creators: name: Noelle, Sebastian
name: Rosenbaum, Wolfram
name: Rumpf, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Central schemes are frequently used for incompressible and compressible flow calculations. The present paper is the first in a forthcoming series where a new approach to a 2nd order accurate Finite Volume scheme operating on cartesian grids is discussed. Here we start with an adaptively refined cartesian primal grid in 3D and present a construction technique for the staggered dual grid based on $L^{\infty}$-Voronoi cells. The local refinement constellation on the primal grid leads to a finite number of uniquely defined local patterns on a primal cell. Assembling adjacent local patterns forms the dual grid. All local patterns can be analysed in advance. Later, running the numerical scheme on staggered grids, all necessary geometric information can instantly be retrieved from lookup-tables. The new scheme is compared to established ones in terms of algorithmical complexity and computational effort.
Landing a Propulsive Stage with Bezier Curves
Creators: name:  P. VERNIS
name:   A. PASSERON
Publisher: name: Proceedings of  the 9th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences. Lille, France, 27 June - 1 July, 2022
Year: 2022
Subjects: FLIGHT DYNAMICS
GNC
CONTROL
GUIDANCE

description: From a GNC standpoint, recovering the propulsive stages of a launcher is a challenging way for reducing the cost of a launch. Up to now and since the APOLLO program many guidance schemes have been designed to perform an accurate soft-landing after a powered descent phase for any kind of spacecraft such as an interplanetary probe, a demonstrator or, more recently as achieved by Space-X or Blue Origin, a propulsive stage of a launcher.
The Schrödinger-Langevin equation with and without thermal fluctuations
Creators: name: Katz, Roland
name: Gossiaux, Pol Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schrödinger-Langevin (SL) equation is considered as an effective open quantum system formalism suitable for phenomenological applications involving a quantum subsystem interacting with a thermal bath. We focus on two open issues relative to its solutions: the stationarity of the excited states of the non-interacting subsystem when one considers the dissipation only and the thermal relaxation toward asymptotic distributions with the additional stochastic term. We first show that a proper application of the Madelung/polar transformation of the wave function leads to a non zero damping of the excited states of the quantum subsystem. We then study analytically and numerically the SL equation ability to bring a quantum subsystem to the thermal equilibrium of statistical mechanics. To do so, concepts about statistical mixed states and quantum noises are discussed and a detailed analysis is carried with two kinds of noise and potential. We show that within our assumptions the use of the SL equation as an effective open quantum system formalism is possible and discuss some of its limitations.
description: 38 pages, 31 figures
Additional file 2 of Gut microbe Lactiplantibacillus plantarum undergoes different evolutionary trajectories between insects and mammals
Creators: name: Maritan, Elisa
name: Gallo, Marialaura
name: Srutkova, Dagmar
name: Jelinkova, Anna
name: Benada, Oldrich
name: Kofronova, Olga
name: Silva-Soares, Nuno F.
name: Hudcovic, Tomas
name: Gifford, Isaac
name: Barrick, Jeffrey E.
name: Schwarzer, Martin
name: Martino, Maria Elena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Zoology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. LpNIZO2877growth monitored during serial Transfers (T) in MRS broth and MRS broth added to with 0.3% bile acid (BA). At each transfer, the three circles represent the growth obtained from each of the three experimental replicates. Asterisks refer to statistical comparison between bacterial CFUs obtained from the two experimental conditions at each transfer (unpaired t-test; *** p < 0.001; df = 4).
Phosphate Coordination in a Water-Oxidizing Cobalt Oxide Electrocatalyst Revealed by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy at the Phosphorus K-Edge
Creators: name: Liu, Si
name: Farhoosh, Shima
name: Beyer, Paul
name: Mebs, Stefan
name: Haumann, Michael
name: Dau, Holger
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: amorphous cobalt oxides
subject: oxygen evolution reaction (OER)
subject: phosphorus binding motif
subject: X-ray absorption spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: In the research on water splitting at neutral pH, phosphorus-containing transition metal oxyhydroxides are often employed for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We investigated a cobalt–phosphate catalyst (CoCat) representing this material class. We found that CoCat films prepared with potassium phosphate release phosphorus in phosphate-free electrolytes within hours, contrasting orders of magnitude’s faster K+ release. For P speciation and binding mode characterization, we performed technically challenging X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments at the P K-edge and analyzed the resulting XANES and EXAFS spectra. The CoCat-internal phosphorus is present in the form of phosphate ions. Most phosphate species are likely linked to cobalt ions in Co–O–PO3 motifs, where the connecting oxygen could be a terminal or bridging ligand in Co-oxide fragments (P–Co distance, ~3.1 Å), with additional ionic bonds to K+ ions (P–K distance, ~3.3 Å). The phosphate coordination bond is stronger than the ionic K+-binding, explaining the strongly diverging ion release rates of phosphate and K+. Our results support a structural role of phosphate in the CoCat, with these ions binding at the margins of Co-oxide fragments, thereby limiting the long-range material ordering. The relations of catalyst-internal phosphate ions to cobalt’s redox-state changes, proton transfer, and catalytic activity are discussed.
Status of udder health performance indicators and implementation of on farm monitoring on German dairy cow farms: results from a large scale cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Böker, Andreas R.
name: Bartel, Alexander
name: Do Duc, Phuong
name: Hentzsch, Antonia
name: Reichmann, Frederike
name: Merle, Roswitha
name: Arndt, Heidi
name: Dachrodt, Linda
name: Woudstra, Svenja
name: Hoedemaker, Martina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: clinical mastitis incidence
subject: udder health indicators
subject: on-farm monitoring
subject: mastitis monitoring
subject: dairy cow
subject: milk
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Regional benchmarking data enables farmers to compare their animal health situation to that of other herds and identify areas with improvement potential. For the udder health status of German dairy cow farms, such data were incomplete. Therefore, the aim of this study was (1) to describe the incidence of clinical mastitis (CM), (2) to describe cell count based udder health indicators [annual mean test day average of the proportion of animals without indication of mastitis (aWIM), new infection risk during lactation (aNIR), and proportion of cows with low chance of cure (aLCC); heifer mastitis rate (HM)] and their seasonal variation, and (3) to evaluate the level of implementation of selected measures of mastitis monitoring. Herds in three German regions (North: n = 253; East: n = 252, South: n = 260) with different production conditions were visited. Data on CM incidence and measures of mastitis monitoring were collected via structured questionnaire-based interviews. Additionally, dairy herd improvement (DHI) test day data from the 365 days preceding the interview were obtained. The median (Q0.1, Q0.9) farmer reported incidence of mild CM was 14.8% (3.5, 30.8%) in North, 16.2% (1.9, 50.4%) in East, and 11.8% (0.0, 30.7%) in South. For severe CM the reported incidence was 4.0% (0.0, 12.2%), 2.0% (0.0, 10.8%), and 2.6% (0.0, 11.0%) for North, East, and South, respectively. The median aWIM was 60.7% (53.4, 68.1%), 59.0% (49.7, 65.4%), and 60.2% (51.5, 67.8%), whereas the median aNIR was 17.1% (13.6, 21.6%), 19.9% (16.2, 24.9%), and 18.3% (14.4, 22.0%) in North, East, and South, respectively with large seasonal variations. Median aLCC was ≤1.1% (≤ 0.7%, ≤ 1.8%) in all regions and HM was 28.4% (19.7, 37.2%), 35.7% (26.7, 44.2%), and 23.5% (13.1, 35.9%), in North, East and South, respectively. Participation in a DHI testing program (N: 95.7%, E: 98.8%, S: 89.2%) and premilking (N: 91.1%, E: 93.7%, S: 90.2%) were widely used. Several aspects of udder health monitoring, including exact documentation of CM cases, regular microbiological analysis of milk samples and the use of a veterinary herd health consultancy service were not applied on many farms. The results of this study can be used by dairy farmers and their advisors as benchmarks for the assessment of the udder health situation in their herds.
Market-Driven Multi-Robot Exploration
Creators: name: Zlot, Robert
name: Stentz, Anthony
name: M. Bernardine  Dias
name: Thayer, Scott
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For many real-world applications, autonomous robots must execute complex tasks
in unknown or partially known unstructured environments. This work presents a novel
approach to efficient multi-robot mapping and exploration which exploits a market
architecture in order to maximize information gain while minimizing incurred costs.
This system is reliable and robust in that it can accommodate dynamic introduction and
loss of team members in addition to communication interruptions and failures. Results
showing the capabilities of our system on a team of exploring autonomous robots are
also given.
Limitation of EFT for DM interactions at the LHC
Creators: name: Busoni, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize in several directions our recent analysis of the limitations to the use of the effective field theory approach to study dark matter at the LHC. Firstly, we study the full list of operators connecting fermion DM to quarks and gluons, corresponding to integrating out a heavy mediator in the $s$-channel; secondly, we provide analytical results for the validity of the EFT description for both $\sqrt{s}=8$ {\rm TeV} and $14$ {\rm TeV}; thirdly, we make use of a MonteCarlo event generator approach to assess the validity of our analytical conclusions. We apply our results to revisit the current collider bounds on the ultraviolet cut-off scale of the effective field theory and show that these bounds are weakened once the validity conditions of the effective field theory are imposed.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, published in the proceedings of DIS 2014
Osmolytes Modulate Photoactivation of Phytochrome: Probing Protein Hydration
Creators: name: Balke, Jens
name: Díaz Gutiérrez, Paula
name: Rafaluk-Mohr, Timm
name: Proksch, Jonas
name: Koksch, Beate
name: Alexiev, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: phytochrome
subject: Cph1
subject: Pr
subject: Pfr
subject: hydration
subject: osmotic stress
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Phytochromes are bistable red/far-red light-responsive photoreceptor proteins found in plants, fungi, and bacteria. Light-activation of the prototypical phytochrome Cph1 from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 allows photoisomerization of the bilin chromophore in the photosensory module and a subsequent series of intermediate states leading from the red absorbing Pr to the far-red-absorbing Pfr state. We show here via osmotic and hydrostatic pressure-based measurements that hydration of the photoreceptor modulates the photoconversion kinetics in a controlled manner. While small osmolytes like sucrose accelerate Pfr formation, large polymer osmolytes like PEG 4000 delay the formation of Pfr. Thus, we hypothesize that an influx of mobile water into the photosensory domain is necessary for proceeding to the Pfr state. We suggest that protein hydration changes are a molecular event that occurs during photoconversion to Pfr, in addition to light activation, ultrafast electric field changes, photoisomerization, proton release and uptake, and the major conformational change leading to signal transmission, or simultaneously with one of these events. Moreover, we discuss this finding in light of the use of Cph1-PGP as a hydration sensor, e.g., for the characterization of novel hydrogel biomaterials.
D1.5 Preliminary Report on Ecodesign, Sustainability, Energy Storage and Material Safety Assessment
Creators: name: Alberola, Jaume
name: Castellana, Evelina
name: Díaz, José Carlos
name: Herraiz, Isaac
name: Lafarga, Laia
name: Moliner, Enrique
name: Romero, Lorena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ecodesign
sustainability
LCA
critical raw materials
recycling

description: The main purpose of D1.5 is to guide HYBRIS project implementation and further deployment under a sustainable and safe shielded operation framework. To do so, materials and manufacturing processes of both intended battery chemistries have been thoroughly disembowelled and analysed with the input of battery manufacturing partners, and through specific scientific literature consultation. With this information, by using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, main environmental impacts have been quantified and assigned to the specific hotspots. Toxicity and ecotoxicity life-cycle impacts have been then complemented with a study of materials safety, including hazard levels, risk assessments and safety recommendations. Next, a profound review on the possible end-of-life of HYBRIS system has been carried out, analysing currently industrial and under research recycling/revalorisation methods, and highlighting special synergies and identifying needs for a superior overall materials efficiency. Finally, all this information has been utilised to build HYBRIS ecodesign recommendations, to be followed as far as possible at the design/construction project stages and beyond, during technology improvement and further replication. Through this work, the project also responds from the very beginning to the specific requirement of H2020-LC-BAT-2019-2020 call, claiming for an optimal sustainability throughout the entire supply chain, including the substitution of critical raw materials of the battery systems. Moreover, all the studies here addressed will pave the way towards a successful technology market uptake, by aligning all the developments with the proposal for a new Sustainable Batteries Regulation published by the European Commission, as part of its wider strategy for a climate-neutral, resource-efficient EU economy.
Biocrusts intensify water redistribution and improve water availability to dryland vegetation: insights from a spatially-explicit ecohydrological model
Creators: name: Baldauf, Selina
name: Cantón, Yolanda
name: Tietjen, Britta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: biocrust
subject: biological soil crust
subject: dryland
subject: ecohydrology
subject: process-based model
subject: soil moisture
subject: runoff
subject: landscape model
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Biocrusts are ecosystem engineers in drylands and structure the landscape through their ecohydrological effects. They regulate soil infiltration and evaporation but also surface water redistribution, providing important resources for vascular vegetation. Spatially-explicit ecohydrological models are useful tools to explore such ecohydrological mechanisms, but biocrusts have rarely been included in them. We contribute to closing this gap and assess how biocrusts shape spatio-temporal water fluxes and availability in a dryland landscape and how landscape hydrology is affected by climate-change induced shifts in the biocrust community. We extended the spatially-explicit, process-based ecohydrological dryland model EcoHyD by a biocrust layer which modifies water in- and outputs from the soil and affects surface runoff. The model was parameterized for a dryland hillslope in South-East Spain using field and literature data. We assessed the effect of biocrusts on landscape-scale soil moisture distribution, plant-available water and the hydrological processes behind it. To quantify the biocrust effects, we ran the model with and without biocrusts for a wet and dry year. Finally, we compared the effect of incipient and well-developed cyanobacteria- and lichen biocrusts on surface hydrology to evaluate possible paths forward if biocrust communities change due to climate change. Our model reproduced the runoff source-sink patterns typical of the landscape. The spatial differentiation of soil moisture in deeper layers matched the observed distribution of vascular vegetation. Biocrusts in the model led to higher water availability overall and in vegetated areas of the landscape and that this positive effect in part also held for a dry year. Compared to bare soil and incipient biocrusts, well-developed biocrusts protected the soil from evaporation thus preserving soil moisture despite lower infiltration while at the same time redistributing water toward downhill vegetation. Biocrust cover is vital for water redistribution and plant-available water but potential changes of biocrust composition and cover can reduce their ability of being a water source and sustaining dryland vegetation. The process-based model used in this study is a promising tool to further quantify and assess long-term scenarios of climate change and how it affects ecohydrological feedbacks that shape and stabilize dryland landscapes.
Estimation of Aerosol Layer Height from OLCI Measurements in the O2A-Absorption Band over Oceans
Creators: name: Jänicke, Lena Katharina
name: Preusker, Rene
name: Docter, Nicole
name: Fischer, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: aerosol layer height
subject: O2 absorption
subject: OLCI
subject: radiative transfer
subject: sensitivity study
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: The aerosol layer height (ALH) is an important parameter that characterizes aerosol interaction with the environment. An estimation of the vertical distribution of aerosol is necessary for studies of those interactions, their effect on radiance and for aerosol transport models. ALH can be retrieved from satellite-based radiance measurements within the oxygen absorption band between 760 and 770 nm (𝑂2A band). The oxygen absorption is reduced when light is scattered by an elevated aerosol layer. The Ocean and Land Colour Imager (OLCI) has three bands within the oxygen absorption band. We show a congruent sensitivity study with respect to ALH for dust and smoke cases over oceans. Furthermore, we developed a retrieval of the ALH for those cases and an uncertainty estimation by applying linear uncertainty propagation and a bootstrap method. The sensitivity study and the uncertainty estimation are based on radiative transfer simulations. The impact of ALH, aerosol optical thickness (AOT), the surface roughness (wind speed) and the central wavelength on the top of atmosphere (TOA) radiance is discussed. The OLCI bands are sufficiently sensitive to ALH for cases with AOTs larger than 0.5 under the assumption of a known aerosol type. With an accurate spectral characterization of the OLCI 𝑂2A bands better than 0.1 nm, ALH can be retrieved with an uncertainty of a few hundred meters. The retrieval of ALH was applied successfully on an OLCI dust and smoke scene. The found ALH is similar to parallel measurements by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). OLCI’s high spatial resolution and coverage allow a detailed overview of the vertical aerosol distribution over oceans.
Modeling Interaction via the Principle of Maximum Causal Entropy
Creators: name: Ziebart, Brian D.
name: J. Andrew  Bagnell
name: Anind K Dey
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80101 Adaptive Agents and Intelligent Robotics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The principle of maximum entropy provides a powerful framework for statistical models of joint, conditional, and marginal distributions. However, there are many important distributions with elements of interaction and feedback where its applicability has not been established. This work presents the principle of maximum causal entropy — an approach based on causally conditioned probabilities that can appropriately model the availability and influence of sequentially revealed side information. Using this principle, we derive Maximum Causal Entropy Influence Diagrams, a new probabilistic graphical framework for modeling decision making in settings with latent information, sequential interaction, and feedback. We describe the theoretical advantages of this model and demonstrate its applicability for statistically framing inverse optimal control and decision prediction tasks.
Additional file 4 of Gut microbe Lactiplantibacillus plantarum undergoes different evolutionary trajectories between insects and mammals
Creators: name: Maritan, Elisa
name: Gallo, Marialaura
name: Srutkova, Dagmar
name: Jelinkova, Anna
name: Benada, Oldrich
name: Kofronova, Olga
name: Silva-Soares, Nuno F.
name: Hudcovic, Tomas
name: Gifford, Isaac
name: Barrick, Jeffrey E.
name: Schwarzer, Martin
name: Martino, Maria Elena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Zoology

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. Standard growth curves of the Lp strains cultured in MRS broth and MRS broth + 0.3% bile acid (BA). The strains tested include (A) the LpNIZO2877ancestor; (B, C) Smooth and Rough colonies isolated from mice generation 0; (D, E) Smooth and rough colonies isolated from mice generation 3; (F, G) Smooth and Rough colonies isolated from the Diet setup.
Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs
Creators: name: Khaveh, Nadia
name: Schachler, Kathrin
name: Berghöfer, Jan
name: Jung, Klaus
name: Metzger, Julia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: calcium signaling
subject: pig
subject: Mangalitza
subject: curly hair
subject: transcriptome profiling
subject: weighted coexpression network analysis (WGCNA)
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Hair types have been under strong targeted selection in domestic animals for their impact on skin protection, thermoregulation and exterior morphology, and subsequent economic importance. In pigs, a very special hair phenotype was observed in Mangalitza, who expresses a thick coat of curly bristles and downy hair. Two breed-specific missense variants in TRPM2 and CYP4F3 were suggested to be associated with the Mangalitza pig’s hair shape due to their role in hair follicle morphogenesis reported for human and mice. However, the mechanism behind this expression of a curly hair type is still unclear and needs to be explored. In our study, hair shafts were measured and investigated for the curvature of the hair in Mangalitza and crossbreeds in comparison to straight-coated pigs. For molecular studies, hair roots underwent RNA sequencing for a differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2. The output matrix of normalized counts was then used to construct weighted gene co-expression networks. The resulting hair root gene expression profiles highlighted 454 genes to be significantly differentially expressed for initiation of curly hair phenotype in newborn Mangalitza piglets versus post-initiation in later development. Furthermore, 2,554 genes showed a significant differential gene expression in curly hair in comparison to straight hair. Neither TRPM2 nor CYP4F3 were identified as differentially expressed. Incidence of the genes in weighted co-expression networks associated with TRPM2 and CYP4F3, and prominent interactions of subsequent proteins with lipids and calcium-related pathways suggested calcium signaling and/or lipid metabolism as essential players in the induction of the curly hair as well as an ionic calcium-dependency to be a prominent factor for the maintenance of this phenotype. Subsequently, our study highlights the complex interrelations and dependencies of mutant genes TRPM2 and CYP4F3 and associated gene expression patterns, allowing the initiation of curly hair type during the development of a piglet as well as the maintenance in adult individuals.
Infective endocarditis by Serratia species: a systematic review
Creators: name: Ioannou, Petros
name: Alexakis, Konstantinos
name: Spentzouri, Despoina
name: Kofteridis, Diamantis P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Serratia species are facultative anaerobes, non-spore-forming, motile Gram-negative bacteria. Serratia spp. are currently thought to cause a variety of infections, such as bacteremia, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia, as well as other, less common infections, including ocular infections or skin and soft tissue infections. On the other hand, Infective Endocarditis (IE) is an infrequent disease with notable morbidity and mortality. Even though IE is rarely caused by Serratia spp., these infections can be quite problematic due to the lack of experience in their management. This study aimed to systematically review all published cases of IE by Serratia spp. in the literature. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library (through 13th May 2021) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological data as well as data on treatment and outcomes of IE by Serratia spp. was performed. In total, 50 studies, containing data for 72 patients, were included. A prosthetic valve was present in 18.1%. The mitral valve was the most commonly infected site, followed by the aortic valve. The diagnosis was facilitated by transthoracic echocardiography in 34.7%, while the diagnosis was set at autopsy in 22.4%. Fever, sepsis, and embolic phenomena were the most common clinical presentations, followed by heart failure. Aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and carbapenems were the most commonly used antimicrobials. Clinical cure was noted only in 53.5%, while overall mortality was 47.2%. Having surgery along with antimicrobial treatment was independently associated with reduced overall mortality. IE by Serratia spp. was more likely to be associated with intravenous drug use, and to present with heart failure and embolic phenomena compared to IE by other non-HACEK Gram-negative bacilli, while mortality was also higher in IE by Serratia spp.