cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The nonuniformity of poleward flux transport on the solar surface: a statistical method applied to solar cycles 21-24
Creators: name: Wang, Zi-Fan
name: Jiang, Jie
name: Wang, Jing-Xiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The poleward migration of the active regions' magnetic flux on the solar surface plays an important role in the development of the large-scale field development, especially the polar field reversal, which is a key process in the Babcock-Leighton-type solar dynamos. The poleward flux transport is nonuniform, centered around poleward surges as suggested by previous observations. The strong, long-lasting surges are related to activity complexes, and often result in violent polar field reversal. However, the nonuniformity of poleward flux transport has not been evaluated quantitatively. We propose a statistical method to analyze the poleward flux transport during solar cycles 21-24 by considering the frequency distributions of the magnetic field at latitudes of poleward surges occurrence during solar cycles. The nonuniformity is quantified as the kurtosis statistics representing the tailedness of the distributions. We test the method on results of surface flux transport simulations, and apply to WSO, NSO, MWO, and HMI data. We confirm that the poleward surges are of significance during solar cycles 21-24 in general. The kurtosis within a solar cycle is affected by different latitudes of the magnetic field and different data sources. The southern hemisphere of cycle 24 exhibits the largest kurtosis, agreeing the super surge concept from previous work. The significant nonuniformity of poleward flux transport originates from the nonrandomness of active regions, which favors the activity complexes origin of poleward surges.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: The Future of Offshore Dollar Creation: Four Scenarios for the International Monetary System by 2040
Creators: name: Murau, Steffen
name: Rini, Joe
name: Haas, Armin
Publisher: name: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
Year: 2018

description: IASS Discussion Paper
description: In order to sketch the possibility space for the future setup of the International Monetary System (IMS), this paper develops four different scenarios that outline potential outcomes of the IMS’s evolution by 2040. These scenarios derive from the analytical exercise of adopting a Money View perspective of today’s institutional shape of the IMS. The paper argues that the IMS’s current setup crucially relies on the supply of US Dollar-denominated credit money forms issued by private and public institutions outside the United States—through Eurodollar deposits, central bank swaps as well as ‘shadow money forms’ created by non-banks such as overnight repurchase agreements, money market fund shares and foreign exchange swaps. As this ‘realm’ of offshore dollar creation forms the heart of the present IMS, the four scenarios project potential institutional developments in coming decades following different trajectories. The Continued Dollar Hegemony scenario depicts the sustained dominance of private international money creation via offshore dollars within the Pax Americana. The Competing Monetary Blocs scenario envisions the US, the EU, and China as three gravitational centers with private international money creation in the blocs’ peripheries via offshore dollars, offshore euros and offshore renminbi. In the International Monetary Federation scenario, countries have created a strong publicly organized IMS, comprising a multilateral framework of one international and several regional clearing unions, based upon Keynes’ ideas for an International Clearing Union. Finally, the International Monetary Anarchy scenario entails the post-crisis emergence of a non-system with a substantial breakdown of public and private international monetary cooperation and creation.
Massive compact dust disk with a gap around CW Tau revealed by ALMA multi-band observations
Creators: name: Ueda, Takahiro
name: Kataoka, Akimasa
name: Tsukagoshi, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact protoplanetary disks with a radius of $\lesssim$ 50 au are common around young low-mass stars. We report high resolution ALMA dust continuum observations toward a compact disk around CW Tau at Band 4 ($λ=2.2$ mm), 6 (1.3 mm), 7 (0.89 mm) and 8 (0.75 mm). The SED shows the spectral slope of $2.0\pm0.24$ between 0.75 and 1.3 mm, while it is $3.7\pm0.29$ between 2.17 and 3.56 mm. The steep slope between 2.17 and 3.56 mm is consistent with that of optically thin emission from small grains ($\lesssim$ 350 ${\rm μm}$). We perform parametric fitting of the ALMA data to characterize the dust disk. Interestingly, if the dust-to-gas mass ratio is 0.01, the Toomre's Q parameter reaches $\sim$ 1-3, suggesting that the CW Tau disk might be marginally gravitationally unstable. The total dust mass is estimated as $\sim250M_{\oplus}$ for the maximum dust size of 140 ${\rm μm}$ that is inferred from the previous Band 7 polarimetric observation and at least $80M_{\oplus}$ even for larger grain sizes. This result shows that the CW Tau disk is quite massive in spite of its smallness. Furthermore, we clearly identify a gap structure located at $\sim20$ au, which might be induced by a giant planet. In spite of these interesting characteristics, the CW Tau disk has normal disk luminosity, size and spectral index at ALMA Band 6, which could be a clue to the mass budget problem in Class II disks.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
PYTHON DASTURLASH TILIDA TOPLAMLAR VA FAYLLAR
Creators: name: Ismoilov, A.
name: Halimjonov, Sunnatillo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada Python dasturlash tilida toplam bilan ishlash, toplamlarning turlari, ularni yaratish va saqlash, matnli fayllar va ular ustida ishlash atroflicha yoritib o‘tilgan, hamda python dasturlash tilida fayllar bilan ishlashning afzalliklari va kamchiliklari, matn va binar fayllar haqida fikr yuritilgan.
The Chemical Composition of Extreme-Velocity Stars
Creators: name: Reggiani, Henrique
name: Ji, Alexander P.
name: Schlaufman, Kevin C.
name: Frebel, Anna
name: Necib, Lina
name: Nelson, Tyler
name: Hawkins, Keith
name: Galarza, Jhon Yana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Little is known about the origin of the fastest stars in the Galaxy. Our understanding of the Milky Way and surrounding dwarf galaxies chemical evolution history allows us to use the chemical composition of a star to investigate its origin, and say whether a star was formed in-situ or was accreted. However, the fastest stars, the hypervelocity stars, are young and massive and their chemical composition has not yet been analyzed. Though it is difficult to analyze the chemical composition of a massive young star, we are well versed in the analysis of late-type stars. We have used high-resolution ARCES/3.5m Apache Point Observatory, MIKE/Magellan spectra to study the chemical details of 15 late-type hypervelocity stars candidates. With Gaia EDR3 astrometry and spectroscopically determined radial velocities we found total velocities with a range of $274$ - $520$ km s$^{-1}$ and mean value of $381$ km s$^{-1}$. Therefore, our sample stars are not fast enough to be classified as Hypervelocity stars, and are what is known as extreme-velocity stars. Our sample has a wide iron abundance range of $-2.5 \le \mathrm{[Fe/H]} \le -0.9$. Their chemistry indicate that at least 50\% of them are accreted extragalactic stars, with iron-peak elements consistent with prior sub-Chandrasekhar mass type Ia supernova enrichment. Without indication of binary companions, their chemical abundances and orbital parameters are indicative that they are the accelerated tidal debris of disrupted dwarf galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication at AJ; 23 pages; 6 Figures; 4 Tables
title: Multikriterieller Bewertungsansatz für eine nachhaltige Energiewende: Von der Analyse zur Entscheidungsfindung mit ENavi
Creators: name: Quitzow, Rainer
name: Bangert, Armin
name: Düber, Dominik
name: Fraune, Cornelia
name: Fricke, Annika
name: Gaschnig, Hannes
name: Gößling-Reisemann, Stefan
name: Kaltenegger, Oliver
name: Kemmerzell, Jörg
name: Kopfmüller, Jürgen
name: Löschel, Andreas
name: Meyer, Thomas
name: Ollier, Lana
name: Renn, Ortwin
name: Schlacke, Sabine
name: Schnittker, Daniel
name: Stelzer, Volker
name: Thier, Pablo
name: Zeccola, Marc
Publisher: name: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
Year: 2018

description: IASS Brochure
description: Dieser Bericht stellt einen multikriteriellen Ansatz zur Bewertung von Energiewende-Politik vor. Der Bewertungsansatz wurde im Rahmen des Kopernikus-Projekts „Energiewende-Navigationssystem“ (ENavi) im Arbeitspaket „Bewertung“ (AP11) entwickelt. Dieser stellt im Rahmen des transdisziplinären Forschungsansatzes von ENavi die Schnittstelle zwischen der Forschung und der Diskussion mit Praxisakteuren zu politischen Handlungsoptionen dar. Durch den Dialog zwischen Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft innerhalb dieses transdisziplinären Forschungsprozesses soll das ENavi-Projekt einen Beitrag zur Gestaltung einer nachhaltigen Energiewende-Politik leisten. Im Austausch zwischen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen sowie Akteurinnen und Akteuren aus der Praxis sollen Maßnahmenbündel konzipiert werden, die nicht nur die Erreichung der erklärten Energiewende-Ziele der Bundesregierung ermöglichen. Es sollen dabei auch andere wichtige Aspekte einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung berücksichtigt werden und somit in die Ausgestaltung der Politikoptionen einfließen. Darüber hinaus sollen die politische Anschlussfähigkeit und die Konformität mit ethischen und juristischen Normen gewährleistet werden. Diese unterschiedlichen Aspekte sind in dem Bewertungsansatz in Form von zehn Bewertungskriterien verankert.
Elevated Hot Gas and High-Mass X-ray Binary Emission in Low Metallicity Galaxies: Implications for Nebular Ionization and Intergalactic Medium Heating in the Early Universe
Creators: name: Lehmer, Bret D.
name: Eufrasio, Rafael T.
name: Basu-Zych, Antara
name: Garofali, Kristen
name: Gilbertson, Woodrow
name: Mesinger, Andrei
name: Yukita, Mihoko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy emission associated with star formation has been proposed as a significant source of interstellar medium (ISM) ionization in low-metallicity starbursts and an important contributor to the heating of the intergalactic medium (IGM) in the high-redshift ($z > 8$) Universe. Using Chandra observations of a sample of 30 galaxies at $D \approx$~200--450 Mpc that have high specific star-formation rates of 3--9 Gyr$^{-1}$ and metallicities near $Z \approx 0.3 Z_\odot$, we provide new measurements of the average 0.5--8 keV spectral shape and normalization per unit star-formation rate (SFR). We model the sample-combined X-ray spectrum as a combination of hot gas and high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) populations and constrain their relative contributions. We derive scaling relations of $\log L_{\rm 0.5-8 keV}^{\rm HMXB}$/SFR $= 40.19 \pm 0.06$ and $\log L_{\rm 0.5-2 keV}^{\rm gas}$/SFR $= 39.58^{+0.17}_{-0.28}$; significantly elevated compared to local relations. The HMXB scaling is also somewhat higher than $L_{\rm 0.5-8 keV}^{\rm HMXB}$-SFR-$Z$ relations presented in the literature, potentially due to our galaxies having relatively low HMXB obscuration and young and X-ray luminous stellar populations. The elevation of the hot gas scaling relation is at the level expected for diminished attenuation due to a reduction of metals; however, we cannot conclude that an $L_{\rm 0.5-2 keV}^{\rm gas}$-SFR-$Z$ relation is driven solely by changes in ISM metal content. Finally, we present SFR-scaled spectral models (both emergent and intrinsic) that span the X-ray--to--IR band, providing new benchmarks for studies of the impact of ISM ionization and IGM heating in the early Universe.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ (25 pages, 9 figures, and 4 tables)
Silicon - an established pyrotechnic fuel as zero-carbon, high-density energy carrier
Creators: name: Weiser, Volker
name: Kelzenberg, Stefan
name: Koleczko, Andreas
name: Knapp, Sebastian
name: Raab, Angelika
name: Roth, Evelin
name: Schäfer, Tim
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: silicon
carbon-free energy carrier
combustion
fumes silica

description: Silicon is a proven fuel in many pyrotechnic applications as e.g., delay compositions or thermite-based incendiaries. In the form of micro-porous particles, it is even discussed as additive in high explosives. Silicon reacts strongly exothermically with oxygen, air, and water. When water is used, additionally a large amount of hydrogen is formed. This predestines silicon as a carbon-free energy carrier and hydrogen storage. The energy required to produce silicon particles can be provided by environmentally friendly or regenerative methods. The transport and operational safety of silicon particles is not critical. Silicon is the most abundant element in the earth's crust after oxygen and is ubiquitous as stone. Like carbon or hydrogen, it has the distinct advantage that the products of combustion do not have to be collected and transported back to the reprocessing site. It is quite conceivable that in powder form silicon could be used in a combustion process like coal to generate electricity in a power plant. The diffusion-controlled combustion process may be realized in classical particle burners as it is shown in this paper. It seems feasible that the existing power plants, or at least large parts of them, will continue to be used. The most important difference to coal is that mainly condensed combustion products are formed. The characteristics of the combustion of silicon with respect to the burning behaviour, the combustion temperature and the particle size-dependent combustion time of silicon particles are currently being investigated at the Fraunhofer ICT and described. Combustion could be realized with oxygen, air, and steam. The flame structure and combustion temperature are measured, and the resulting combustion products are also being characterized. Quasi-stationary combustion of silicon dust stabilized with a hydrogen-oxygen flame was demonstrated. The combustion products consist to a significant extent of aggregated silica nanoparticles. The products consisting in SiO2 have the potential to be used as valuable building materials and construction sand. The investigations provide first parameters for the design of combustion chambers and exhaust gas cleaning as temperatures and products. The experimental studies are supported by thermodynamic and reaction kinetic studies on the formation of NOx, hydrogen, and silica particles. Initial approaches to simulating the burning of silicon particles are discussed. Both active and passive combustion regimes must be considered.
No Redshift Evolution of Dust Temperatures from $0 < z < 2$
Creators: name: Drew, Patrick M.
name: Casey, Caitlin M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some recent literature has claimed there to be an evolution in galaxies' dust temperatures towards warmer (or colder) spectral energy distributions (SEDs) between low and high redshift. These conclusions are driven by both theoretical models and empirical measurement. Such claims sometimes contradict one another and are prone to biases in samples or SED fitting techniques. What has made direct comparisons difficult is that there is no uniform approach to fitting galaxies' infrared/millimeter SEDs. Here we aim to standardize the measurement of galaxies' dust temperatures with a python-based SED fitting procedure, MCIRSED. We draw on reference datasets observed by IRAS, Herschel, and Scuba-2 to test for redshift evolution out to $z\sim2$. We anchor our work to the L$_{IR}$-$λ_{peak}$ plane, where there is an empirically observed anti-correlation between IR luminosity and rest-frame peak wavelength (an observational proxy for luminosity-weighted dust temperature) such that $λ_{peak}=λ_{t}({L_{IR}}/{L_{t}})^η$ where $η=-0.09\pm0.01$, L$_{t}=10^{12}$ L$_{\odot}$, and $λ_{t}=92\pm2μ$m. We find no evidence for redshift evolution of galaxies' temperatures, or $λ_{peak}$, at fixed L$_{IR}$ from $099.99% confidence. Our finding does not preclude evolution in dust temperatures at fixed stellar mass, which is expected from a non-evolving L$_{IR}$-$λ_{peak}$ relation and a strongly evolving SFR-M$_\star$ relation. The breadth of dust temperatures at a given L$_{IR}$ is likely driven by variation in galaxies' dust geometries and sizes and does not evolve. Testing for L$_{IR}$-$λ_{peak}$ evolution toward higher redshift ($z\sim5-6$) requires better sampling of galaxies' dust SEDs near their peaks (observed $\sim$200-600$μ$m) with $
description: 27 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal on March 23, 2022
Cypridea lunula Krommelbein 1962
Creators: name: Bate, Raymond H.
name: Horne, David J.
name: Horne, Sarah E.
name: Douglas, Lyndsey
name: Miller, Giles
name: Lord, Alan R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Cyprididae
Cypridea
Cypridea lunula

description: Cypridea lunula Krömmelbein, 1962
Fig. 2, 9a–c
1962 Cypridea lunula n. sp. —Krömmelbein, p. 445–446, pl. 54, fig. 15.
Diagnosis: A fairly small “inverse” Cypridea species. “Sulcus” weakly formed, beginning dorsally directly behind the position of the maximum carapace height, bowed in a half-moon shape (the bow open towards the posterior), running towards the valve centre. The rostrum is small, rounded, and bent back; rostral groove scarcely developed with broad, indistinctly bordered, often only quite weakly developed rostral sulcus.
Holotype: Carapace, SMF Xe 4167.
Paratypes: 4 carapaces under SMF Xe 4168.
Dimensions: Holotype, length 0.69mm, height 0.47mm.
description: Published as part of Bate, Raymond H., Horne, David J., Horne, Sarah E., Douglas, Lyndsey, Miller, Giles & Lord, Alan R., 2022, Non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea) of the Early Cretaceous ' Pre-Salt' sediments of Brazil: An illustrated catalogue of the type specimens of Wicher, Krömmelbein, Krömmelbein & Weber, and Bate, pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 5098 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5098.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6036685
title: Unlocking a Low-Carbon Future for Malaysia
Creators: name: Hermann, Judith
name: Apergi, Maria
name: Eicke, Laima
name: Goldthau, Andreas
name: Kurniawan, Jude
name: Lima-de-Oliveira, Renato
name: Schuch, Esther
name: Weko, Silvia
Publisher: name: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
Year: 2022

description: Malaysia has set ambitious targets to increase the share of renewable energy (RE) in its energy mix. In 2021, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Malaysia (KeTSA) established an aspirational target for national installed RE capacity of 3 1% by 2025.1 This aspiration was recently reaffirmed by the National Energy Policy 2022 – 20402, which lays out a long-term plan for Malaysia’s green future. Although the country has abundant solar, biomass, and hydro resources for clean energy production, a number of barriers are slowing the energy transition. With its economy heavily reliant on fossil fuels, Malaysia risks a carbon lock-in that would perpetuate existing pathdependencies, infrastructure, technologies, institutions and behaviours that are embedded in and intertwined with the carbon economy. State revenues derive to a large extent from fossil fuels and previous reforms to support the growth of renewables have been hampered by the fact that the state is both responsible for shaping energy policy and is also the largest stakeholder in Malaysia’s highly centralised fossil-based energy system. Structural changes in both the energy system and decision-making processes are needed to support a timely transition to a sustainable, low-carbon economy. Post-pandemic recovery packages and policy changes can lend critical momentum to this process if they are properly targeted. In this policy brief we identify three key opportunities for action to advance the Malaysian energy transition: Recommendation 1: Broaden the range of actors in the electricity sector Efforts to liberalise Malaysia’s highly concentrated electricity sector, increase competition, and improve market efficiency should be strengthened. Existing reform plans should be extended to the areas of transmission and distribution. Recommendation 2: Involve stakeholders in policy design processes The government should facilitate the participation of stakeholders in all stages of the policy process by formalising participation processes and establishing permanent, independent bodies to vet government decisions as well as regular forums for stakeholder dialogue. The decentralisation of decision processes should be promoted. Recommendation 3: Prioritise green growth in post-pandemic recovery programmes Recovery programmes should prioritise investment in sustainable energy infrastructure, clean technology industries, capacity-building, and research and development. Targeted social investment is needed to cushion the social impacts of decarbonisation and harness co-benefits.
title: Wie erreichen wir das Nachhaltigkeitsziel für Ozeane?
Creators: name: Unger, Sebastian
name: Müller, Alexander
name: Rochette, Julien
name: Schmidt, Stefanie
name: Shackeroff Theisen, Janna
name: Wright, Glen
Publisher: name: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
Year: 2017

description: IASS Policy Brief: 1/2017
description: Die Zerstörung der Meeresumwelt schreitet schnell voran, einzelstaatliche Regulierung erzielt nur begrenzt Wirkung. Welche Chancen bietet da die Agenda 2030 der Vereinten Nationen? Was muss getan werde,, um die Zusammenarbeit auf internationaler, nationaler und regionaler Ebene zu verbessern?
Long-term variability of Class I methanol masers in the high mass star forming region DR21(OH)
Creators: name: Wenner, Nycole
name: Sarma, A. P.
name: Momjian, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High mass stars play an important role in the Interstellar Medium, but much remains to be known about their formation. Class I methanol masers may be unique tracers of an early stage of high mass star formation, and a better understanding of such masers will allow them to be used as more effective probes of the high mass star forming process. We present an investigation of the long-term variability of Class I methanol masers at 44 GHz toward the high mass star forming region DR21(OH). We compare observations taken in 2017 to 2012 and also to 2001 data from the literature. A total of 57 maser spots were found in the 2017 data, with center velocities ranging between -8.65 km/s to +2.56 km/s. The masers are arranged in a western and an eastern lobe with two arcs in each lobe that look like bowshocks, consistent with previous observations. The general trend is an increase in intensity from 2001 to 2012, and a decrease from 2012 to 2017. Variability appears to be more prevalent in the inner arc of the western lobe than in the outer arc. We speculate that this may be a consequence of episodic accretion, in which a later accretion event has resulted in ejection of material whose shock reached the inner arc at some point in time after 2001. We conclude that class I methanol masers are variable on long timescales (of the order of 5-10 years).
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Decayless oscillations in solar coronal bright points
Creators: name: Gao, Yuhang
name: Tian, Hui
name: Van Doorsselaere, Tom
name: Chen, Yajie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decayless kink oscillations of solar coronal loops (or decayless oscillations for short) have attracted great attention since their discovery. Coronal bright points (CBPs) are mini-active regions and consist of loops with a small size. However, decayless oscillations in CBPs have not been widely reported. In this study, we identified this kind of oscillations in some CBPs using 171 Å\, images taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). After using the motion magnification algorithm to increase oscillation amplitudes, we made time-distance maps to identify the oscillatory signals. We also estimated the loop lengths and velocity amplitudes. We analysed 23 CBPs, and found 31 oscillation events in 16 of them. The oscillation periods range from 1 to 8 minutes (on average about 5 minutes), and the displacement amplitudes have an average value of 0.07 Mm. The average loop length and velocity amplitude are 23 Mm and 1.57 \kms, respectively. Relationships between different oscillation paraments are also examined. Additionally, we performed a simple forward model to illustrate how these sub-pixel oscillation amplitudes (less than 0.4 Mm) could be detected. Results of the model confirm the reliability of our data processing methods. Our study shows for the first time that decayless oscillations are common in small-scale loops of CBPs. These oscillations allow for seismological diagnostics of the Alfvén speed and magnetic field strength in the corona.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
BIORETENTION/CISTERN/IRRIGATION TO ELIMINATE STORMWATER RUNOFF AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND
Creators: name: Doan, Loc Nguyen
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Bioretention
subject: Cistern
subject: Irrigation
subject: Rain garden
subject: Stormwater reuse
subject: Stormwater runoff

description: Water quality of parking lot (~1,858 m2) stormwater runoff and its treated effluent flow were analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total suspended solids (TSS), electrical conductivity (EC), copper, lead and zinc. The novel system under investigation, located at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, includes a standard bioretention facility, underdrained to a cistern to store treated stormwater, and pumped to a vegetable garden for irrigation. The site abstraction, the average bioretention abstraction, and bowl volumes were estimated to be 8500, 4378, and 895 L, respectively; this indicates that rain events of more than 0.45 cm are necessary to produce runoff and more than 0.75 cm will produce system overflow. The cistern water quality indicates good-to-excellent treatment by the system. Compared to local tap water, cistern water has lower concentrations of TP, TN, EC (non-winter), copper, and zinc, indicating a good water source for irrigation.
Supplementary document for IDENTIFICATION OF AGGREGATED 2D COBALT TELLURIDES USING SPATIAL SELF-PHASE MODULATION TECHNIQUE - 6026052.pdf
Creators: name: PRAMANIK, ASHIM
name: Kumbhakar, Partha
name: Negedu, Solomon Demiss
name: Tiwary, Chandra S.
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Optical Physics not elsewhere classified

description: Supplement 1
title: Social Sustainability Barometer for the German Energiewende 2017: Core statements and summary of the key findings
Creators: name: Setton, Daniela
name: Matuschke, Ira
name: Ortwin, Renn
Publisher: name: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
Year: 2018

description: IASS Study
description: The German energy transition (Energiewende) is the subject of intensive research, and thankfully so. We now have reliable estimates relating to the required deployment of technology, the costs for end consumers and society, and the expected consequences for health and the environment. It has been firmly established just how much CO2 we have already saved with the energy transition, and what is required in order to reduce CO2 emissions even further. There is also a range of scientific studies on the impact of the expansion of renewable energies on nature conservation and species protection. However, one question has received little academic attention to date: How does the energy transition affect society? It is astonishing that we know so little about this. After all, experts have long been agreed on the fact that sustainability does not just have an economic and ecological dimension, but also a social one. It is essential that we consider the social impact to the same extent as the economic or ecological effects. So it is high time to give the question of social sustainability a solid empirical base. The Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), together with the RWI – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, conducted a panel survey of more than 7,500 households. Now, with the Social Sustainability Barometer for the German Energiewende 2017, we present the results for the first time.
The temperature and emission measure distribution in the quiet and active solar corona: a Bayesian approach
Creators: name: Dere, Kenneth P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reconstruction of the differential emission measure (DEM) from observations of spectral line intensities provides information on the temperature distribution of the emission measure in the region observed. The inversion process is known to be highly unstable and it has been necessary to provide additional constraints, such as requiring that the DEM should be smooth. However, this is a non-physical constraint. The goal of this analysis is to make an empirical determination of the ability of a set of emission line intensities to constrain the reconstruction. Here, a simple model is used, by means of a Monte-Carlo-Markov-Chain process, to arrive at solutions that reproduces the observed intensities in a region of the quiet Sun and a solar active region. These solutions are compared by means of the reduced chi-squared. The conclusion from this analysis is that the observations are only capable of constraining model consisting of 4 temperature-emission measure pairs plus a determination of the standard deviation of the model from the observed line intensities. A more complex model with 5 temperature-emission measure pairs does not improve the fit and leads to parameters that are irrelevant. A more general conclusion is that the information content of a set of observed emission lines is limited with respect to the determination of the emission measure distribution.
description: accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
title: Offshore Dollar Creation and the Emergence of the post-2008 International Monetary System
Creators: name: Murau, Steffen
Publisher: name: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
Year: 2018

description: IASS Discussion Paper
description: This paper studies the transformation of the International Monetary System (IMS) in the run up to and after the 2007-9 Financial Crisis. Adopting a Money View perspective, it argues that the IMS, in contrast to wide-spread skepticism, does have a system-like quality. This paper understands the IMS as a US-centered hierarchical payments system within which short-term debt instruments are issued as credit money by various public and private financial institutions, in particular central, commercial and shadow banks. With the Fed located at the apex of the IMS, credit money forms denominated in US dollars are located highest up in the hierarchy and trade at par with each other, whilst they typically have fluctuating exchange rates to credit money forms denominated in the units of account of other monetary jurisdictions. From this, the paper argues that the key component of today’s IMS is the ‘realm’ of offshore US dollar creation, which is situated in between US dollar-denominated credit money issued in the US (‘onshore dollars’) and non-US dollar-denominated credit money issued outside the US. In this ‘offshore dollar realm’, non-US financial institutions are able to create international liquidity via US dollar-denominated private credit money outside the US. The paper systematically carves out the post-2008 setup of the offshore dollar realm with a focus on Eurodollar deposits, offshore money market fund shares, foreign exchange swaps and central bank swaps. With the institutional innovations materializing during the 2007-9 Financial Crisis, the IMS is now a public-private hybrid that fully mirrors the onshore US monetary system in the offshore dollar realm.
Cypridea nannorostrata Krommelbein 1962
Creators: name: Bate, Raymond H.
name: Horne, David J.
name: Horne, Sarah E.
name: Douglas, Lyndsey
name: Miller, Giles
name: Lord, Alan R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Cyprididae
Cypridea
Cypridea nannorostrata

description: Cypridea nannorostrata Krömmelbein, 1962
Fig. 2, 10a–c
1962 Cypridea nannorostrata n. sp. —Krömmelbein, p. 446–447, pl. 55, fig. 16.
Diagnosis: A medium-sized Cypridea species with an extended trapeziform to extended egg-shaped outline, in dorsal view slimly biconvex. Rostrum very small, rostral groove slightly indented, no rostral sulcus. No sculpture.
Holotype: Carapace, SMF Xe 4169.
Paratypes: 8 carapaces under SMF Xe 4170.
Dimensions: Holotype, length 0.83mm, height 0.47mm.
Remarks (Bate et al. herein): Cypridea quadrilateralis Swain, 1946 appears here in Krömmelbein (1962) with a diagnosis – ‘Hypotypes’: Carapace, SMF Xe 4171; carapace, SMF Xe 4172; not imaged in present paper.
description: Published as part of Bate, Raymond H., Horne, David J., Horne, Sarah E., Douglas, Lyndsey, Miller, Giles & Lord, Alan R., 2022, Non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea) of the Early Cretaceous ' Pre-Salt' sediments of Brazil: An illustrated catalogue of the type specimens of Wicher, Krömmelbein, Krömmelbein & Weber, and Bate, pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 5098 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5098.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6036685
title: Die mentale Innovation: Werte und Einstellungen öko-fairer UnternehmerInnen
Creators: name: Hofielen, Gerd
Publisher: name: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
Year: 2018

description: IASS Discussion Paper
description: Bei der Realisierung einer nachhaltigen Lebensweise kommt der Wirtschaft zentrale Bedeutung zu. Dies umfasst sowohl die Entwicklung eines entsprechenden regulatorischen Rahmens als auch die Förderung und Etablierung nachhaltiger Unternehmenspraktiken, die ökologische und soziale Be-lange integrieren. Branchenübergreifend ist dabei eine Auseinandersetzung zwischen ökofairem und konventionellem Wirtschaften zu beobachten, von der Agrarwirtschaft, über Chemie und Automo-bilindustrie, bis zur Energiewirtschaft – um die besonders umstrittenen Branchen zu nennen. In Wis-senschaft und Öffentlichkeit wird über die Machbarkeit von ökofairem Wirtschaften im Wettbewerb mit vorrangig profitgetriebenen Konkurrenten diskutiert, wobei der Fokus meist auf einer Analyse der Geschäftspraktiken liegt. Der vorliegende Artikel wendet sich dem bisher meist wenig beleuchte-ten Aspekt der mentalen Voraussetzungen öko-fairen Wirtschaftens zu und beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Einstellungen und Werten den Entscheidungen von ökofairen UnternehmerInnen vorausgehen und diese prägend beeinflussen. Dabei zeigt die Auswertung von 35 qualitativen Interviews mit GeschäftsführerInnen und InhaberIn-nen ökofairer Betriebe, dass sie – unterschiedlich ausgeprägt - Verantwortung übernehmen für die Belange aller Berührungsgruppen ihres Unternehmens, von KundInnen, über MitarbeiterInnen, Lie-ferantInnen, das lokale Umfeld, die Gesellschaft und die Natur. Sie definieren Nachhaltigkeit als zukunftsorientiertes Konzept für die Wirtschaft. Ihre Anstrengungen für nachhaltige Unternehmens-praxis werden von vielen nicht als Belastung empfunden, sondern erfüllen sie mit Freude. Unter-nehmensintern leben sie es vor, setzen die Ressourcen des Unternehmens dafür ein und verstetigen den Kurs mit Regelwerken, Nachhaltigkeitsberichten und Managementsystemen. Die Vorteile des ökofairen Wirtschaftens werden aus den Angaben der Befragten deutlich. Diese Unternehmen führen den lebenden Beweis, dass eine werte-orientierte, ethisch motivierte Wirtschaftspraxis im Wettbe-werb bestehen kann. Im Anschluss an die Darstellung der Interview-Ergebnisse werden die Stufen der Entwicklung des Bewusstseins, die in der Studie erkennbar wurden, nachgezeichnet und mit dem Konzept des Homo Oeconomicus verglichen. Es wird argumentiert, dass es erforderlich ist, das Verständnis des Homo Oeconomicus zu überwinden, um die ökologischen und sozialen Herausforderungen des Anthropo-zäns bewältigen zu können. Die Weiterentwicklung der ethischen Reife der Menschheit wird als die grundlegende Voraussetzung der Veränderung beschrieben. Danach werden die Möglichkeiten der Verbreitung von fortschrittlichen Denkformen in Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Staat erörtert und es wird eine Perspektive zur Veränderung aufgezeigt, die in Ansätzen bereits existiert.
Old Mole
Creators: name: Crompton, Nathan
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Critical essay produced in Response to: Direct Action and the Archive: A Screening of Sid Chow Tan’s Video Journalism & Woodsquat Open Archive by Josh Gabert-Doyon @ Pollyanna Library 02.11.18 Nathan Crompton is a writer and housing activist in Vancouver on the unceded territories of the Coast Salish peoples. He is currently an editor at The Mainlander and a PhD candidate in the department of history at Simon Fraser University.
Laser-probing the rotational cooling of molecular ions by electron collisions
Creators: name: Kálosi, Ábel
name: Grieser, Manfred
name: von Hahn, Robert
name: Hechtfischer, Ulrich
name: Krantz, Claude
name: Kreckel, Holger
name: Müll, Damian
name: Paul, Daniel
name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Wilhelm, Patrick
name: Wolf, Andreas
name: Novotný, Oldřich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present state-selected measurements of rotational cooling and excitation rates of CH$^+$ molecular ions by inelastic electron collisions. The experiments are carried out at the Cryogenic Storage Ring, making use of a monoenergetic electron beam at matched velocity in combination with state-sensitive laser-dissociation of the CH$^+$ ions for simultaneous monitoring of the rotational level populations. Employing storage times of up to 600 s, we create conditions where electron-induced cooling to the $J = 0$ ground state dominates over radiative relaxation, allowing for the experimental determination of inelastic electron collision rates to benchmark state-of-the-art theoretical calculations. On a broader scale, our experiments pave the way to probe inelastic electron collisions for a variety of molecular ions relevant in various plasma environments.
description: Main paper: PDFLaTeX with 7 pages, 4 figures. Supplemental material: PDFLaTeX with 26 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. This article has been accepted by Physical Review Letters
Study of $B_{(s)}^0 \to ϕϕ\to (K^+K^-)(K^+K^-)$ decays in the perturbative QCD approach
Creators: name: Yan, Da-Cheng
name: Rui, Zhou
name: Xiao, Zhen-Jun
name: Li, Ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we make a detailed analysis on the penguin-dominant processes $B_{(s)}^0 \to ϕϕ\to (K^+K^-)(K^+K^-)$ in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach. In addition to the dominant $P$-wave resonance, the scalar background $f_0(980) \to K^+K^-$ is also accounted for. We improve the Gegenbauer moments in $KK$ two-meson distribution amplitudes by fitting the PQCD factorization formulas to measured branching ratios of three-body and four-body $B$ decays. We extract the branching ratios of two-body $B_{(s)}^0 \to ϕϕ$ decays from the corresponding four-body decay modes and calculate the relevant polarization fractions together with two relative phases $ϕ_{\parallel,\perp}$, which are consistent with the previous theoretical predictions. The PQCD predictions for the "true" triple product asymmetries (TPAs) are zero which are expected in the standard model due to the vanishing weak phase difference, and support the current data reported by the CDF and LHCb Collaborations. A large "fake" TPA $\mathcal{A}_\text{T-fake}^1=30.4\%$ of the decay $B^0_s \to ϕϕ\to (K^+K^-)(K^+K^-)$ is predicted for the first time, which indicates the presence of the significant final-state interactions. The TPAs of the rare decay channel $B^0 \to ϕϕ\to (K^+K^-)(K^+K^-)$ are also predicted and can be tested in the near future.
description: 21 pages,2 figures,7 tables;some numerical results updated. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2107.10684
A study of photoionized gas in two HII regions of the N44 complex in the LMC using MUSE observations
Creators: name: Barman, Susmita
name: Neelamkodan, Naslim
name: Madden, Suzanne C.
name: Sewilo, Marta
name: Kemper, Francisca
name: Tokuda, Kazuki
name: Sanyal, Soma
name: Onishi, Toshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the optical integral field observations with Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the Very Large Telescope, together with CLOUDY photoionization models to study ionization structure and physical conditions of two luminous HII regions in N44 star-forming complex of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The spectral maps of various emission lines reveal a stratified ionization geometry in N44 D1. The spatial distribution of [O I] 6300A emission in N44 D1 indicates a partially covered ionization front at the outer boundary of the H II region. These observations reveal that N44 D1 is a Blister HII region. The [O I] 6300A emission in N44 C does not provide a well-defined ionization front at the boundary, while patches of [S II] 6717 A and [O I] 6300A emission bars are found in the interior. The results of spatially resolved MUSE spectra are tested with the photoionization models for the first time in these HII regions. A spherically symmetric ionization-bounded model with a partial covering factor, which is appropriate for a Blister HII region can well reproduce the observed geometry and most of the diagnostic line ratios in N44 D1. Similarly, in N44 C we apply a low density and optically thin model based on the observational signatures. Our modeling results show that the ionization structure and physical conditions of N44 D1 are mainly determined by the radiation from an O5 V star. However, local X-rays, possibly from supernovae or stellar wind, play a key role. In N44 C, the main contribution is from three ionizing stars.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Supplementary document for IDENTIFICATION OF AGGREGATED 2D COBALT TELLURIDES USING SPATIAL SELF-PHASE MODULATION TECHNIQUE - 6026052.pdf
Creators: name: PRAMANIK, ASHIM
name: Kumbhakar, Partha
name: Negedu, Solomon Demiss
name: Tiwary, Chandra S.
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Optical Physics not elsewhere classified

description: Supplement 1
Retrieval Study of Brown Dwarfs Across the L-T Sequence
Creators: name: Lueber, Anna
name: Kitzmann, Daniel
name: Bowler, Brendan P.
name: Burgasser, Adam J.
name: Heng, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large suite of 228 atmospheric retrievals is performed on a curated sample of 19 brown dwarfs spanning the L0 to T8 spectral types using the open-source Helios-r2 retrieval code, which implements the method of short characteristics for radiative transfer and a finite-element description of the temperature-pressure profile. Surprisingly, we find that cloud-free and cloudy (both gray and non-gray) models are equally consistent with the archival SpeX data from the perspective of Bayesian model comparison. Only upper limits for cloud properties are inferred if log-uniform priors are assumed, but the cloud optical depth becomes constrained if a uniform prior is used. Water is detected in all 19 objects and methane is detected in all of the T dwarfs, but no obvious trend exists across effective temperature. As carbon monoxide is only detected in a handful of objects, the inferred carbon-to-oxygen ratios are unreliable. The retrieved radius generally decreases with effective temperature, but the values inferred for some T dwarfs are implausibly low and may indicate missing physics or chemistry in the models. For the early L dwarfs, the retrieved surface gravity depends on whether the gray or non-gray cloud model is preferred. Future data are necessary for constraining cloud properties and the vertical variation of chemical abundances, the latter of which is needed for distinguishing between the chemical instability versus traditional cloud interpretation of the L-T transition.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. The complete figure sets will be available in the online journal
title: Mehr Nachhaltigkeit im Quartier erzielen: Handlungsempfehlungen für Kommunen
Creators: name: Graetz, Manuela
Publisher: name: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
Year: 2022

description: Die diesen Handlungsempfehlungen zu Grunde liegende Studie „Mehr Nachhaltigkeit im Quartier erzielen – Erfolgsfaktoren aus drei kommunalen Planungsprozessen“ (DOI: 10.48481/iass.2022.032) des Instituts für transformative Nachhaltigkeitsforschung (IASS) ging der folgenden Frage nach: Wie gelingt es Kommunen, Quartiere mit einem hohem Nachhaltigkeitsanspruch zu planen, ohne die Qualitäten im Prozess zu verlieren?
PROFESSIONAL TA'LIMDA YOSHLARNI IT SOHASI BO'YICHA BILIMINI OSHIRISHDA RAQAMLI TA'LIM RESURSLARINI YARATISHNING AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Abduraximov, D.
name: Islomov, O.
name: Safoyeva, D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada professional ta’lim tizimida yoshlarning axborot texnologiyalari sohasidagi bilim va ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda raqamli ta’lim resurslarini yaratish va joriy etish masalalari yoritiladi. Raqamli ta’lim vositalarining pedagogik samaradorligi, ularning ta’lim jarayoniga integratsiyalashuvi hamda o‘quvchilarning o‘zlashtirish darajasiga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, ilg‘or xorijiy tajriba va O‘zbekistonda amalga oshirilayotgan raqamli transformatsiya jarayonlari asosida taklif va tavsiyalar beriladi.