cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimal Beam Polarizations for New-Physics Search through gamma gamma -> t tbar -> lX/bX
Creators: name: Grzadkowski, Bohdan
name: Hioki, Zenro
name: Ohkuma, Kazumasa
name: Wudka, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform an optimal-observable analysis of the final charged-lepton/b-quark momentum distributions in gamma+gamma -> t+tbar -> lX/bX for various beam polarizations in order to study possible anomalous t-tbar-gamma, tbW and gamma-gamma-H couplings, which could be generated by SU(2)xU(1) gauge-invariant dimension-6 effective operators. We find optimal beam polarizations that will minimize the uncertainty in determination of those non-standard couplings. We also compare e+ebar and gamma+gamma colliders from the viewpoint of the anomalous-top-quark-coupling determination.
description: Final version, published in JHEP : more detailed description of the basic framework given with some new references, and three related appendices added
МЕТОД ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ МАЛОМОЩНЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ РАДИОИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ
Creators: name: Кравцов Евгений Владимирович
Publisher: name: Радиотехнические и телекоммуникационные системы
Year: 2021
Subjects: оперативная оценка
радиотехническая разведка
маломощные источники радиоизлучения
коэффициент различимости
operational assessment
radio engineering intelligence
low-power sources of radio emission
coefficient of dis-crimination

description: Предложен метод, позволяющий проводить обобщённые оценки возможности радиотехнической развед-ки по обнаружению маломощных источников радиоизлучения с учётом временного фактора для усред-нённых параметров средств по видам радиотехнической разведки на основе функционального подхода к определению вероятностных характеристик.
description: The ever-increasing dynamics of changes in the operational situation requires taking into account the time factor when assessing the capabilities of radio intelligence and developing measures to counteract the technical means of intelligence of foreign states. The functional method of operational assessment of the capabilities of technical means of intelligence allows, by typing and generalizing the initial data that determine the characteristics of tech-nical means of intelligence, objects of protection and conditions for conducting intelligence, to determine the functional dependencies of the indicators of the security of objects of protection from the range of reconnaissance in conditions of incompleteness and uncertainty of the initial data, which is characteristic of modern highly dy-namic methods of conducting technical intelligence. At the same time, the functional method does not allow tak-ing into account the time factor when analyzing the possibility of detecting signals from low-power radio sources. Under these conditions, there is a practical need to find methods for assessing the possibility of radio intelligence to detect low-power sources of radio emission, taking into account the time factor for averaged pa-rameters of means by types of radio intelligence based on a functional approach to determining probabilistic characteristics. The solution proposed in this article allows for generalized assessments of the capabilities of radio intelligence to detect low-power sources of radio emission, taking into account the time factor for the aver-aged parameters of means by types of radio intelligence based on a functional approach to determining the prob-abilistic characteristics of detection. Practical testing of the proposed method has confirmed its validity in as-sessing the capabilities of radio intelligence of foreign states.
Prospects and Challenges of Biofuels in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Grass, Martin
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Grass, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Two driving forces of global change will have a decisive influence on the future of world's agriculture and forestry, and therefore on poverty reduction, the environment and economic growth in developing countries. These are the on-going climate change, and our increasingly pressing need to switch to renewable, i.e. sustainable energy. Progress towards substituting fossil with renewable energy will mitigate the risk of severe climate change. One principal source of future renewable energy will come from biomass, apart from wind, solar, water, and a few other sources. In this paper, we focus on biomass from agriculture and forestry. The objective is to review the current situation and likely future trends in developed and developing countries concerning the production of biofuels, i.e. energy produced from biomass. Biofuels hold a number of prospects, but also challenges, especially for developing countries. We provide a review of these potentials and challenges, and conclude that the production and use of biofuels in developed and developing countries can potentially provide a win-win-win proposal for economic growth, poverty reduction and environmental sustainability if appropriate policies and related institutional and technological innovations are promoted. Yet, biofuels also pose important challenges, which we identify and elaborate on, most importantly the exclusion of smallholders in producing biomass for biofuels and the issue of food security and rising food prices in global and local markets. We conclude that in order to master the challenges and capitalize on the prospects of biofuels for sustainable development - massive investments in agricultural research and appropriate institutional and policy frameworks are required.
MPEC 2024-A95 : 2024 AD2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 AD2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Performance of a Large Area Avalanche Photodiode in a Liquid Xenon Ionization and Scintillation Chamber
Creators: name: Ni, K.
name: Aprile, E.
name: Day, D.
name: Giboni, K. L.
name: Lopes, J. A. M.
name: Majewski, P.
name: Yamashita, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scintillation light produced in liquid xenon (LXe) by alpha particles, electrons and gamma-rays was detected with a large area avalanche photodiode (LAAPD) immersed in the liquid. The alpha scintillation yield was measured as a function of applied electric field. We estimate the quantum efficiency of the LAAPD to be 45%. The best energy resolution from the light measurement at zero electric field is 7.5%(sigma) for 976 keV internal conversion electrons from Bi-207 and 2.6%(sigma) for 5.5 MeV alpha particles from Am-241. The detector used for these measurements was also operated as a gridded ionization chamber to measure the charge yield. We confirm that using a LAAPD in LXe does not introduce impurities which inhibit the drifting of free electrons.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
KM UMa: An active short-period detached eclipsing binary in a hierarchical quadruple system
Creators: name: Meng, Fangbin
name: Zhu, Liying
name: Liu, Nianping
name: Li, Ping
name: Zhang, Jia
name: Li, Linjia
name: Matekov, Azizbek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first detailed photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the G-type eclipsing binary KM UMa is presented, which indicates that the system is a short-period detached eclipsing binary. The radial velocity curves were calculated using the cross-correlation function method based on Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and our observations, which determined the mass ratio as $q=0.45\ (\pm0.04)$. Based on the light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, other survey data, and our multiband observations, the positive and negative O'Connell effects have been detected evolving gradually and alternately over the last 20 yr, which can be explained by the presence of spots on the primary component. A superflare event was detected in the SuperWASP data on 2007 February 28, further indicating that KM UMa is a very active system. We calculated its energy to be $5\times10^{34}$ erg by assuming it occurred on the primary star. Utilizing hundreds of medium-resolution spectra and one low-resolution spectrum, the equivalent width variations of the $H_α$ line were calculated, indicating the presence of a 5.21 ($\pm0.67$) yr magnetic activity cycle. The orbital period variations were analyzed using the O-C method, detecting a long-term decrease superimposed with a periodic variation. The amplitude of the cyclic variation is $0.01124\ (\pm0.00004)$ day, with a period of $33.66\ (\pm 0.0012)$ yr, which exceeds the 5.21 yr activity cycle, suggesting that this is more likely attributable to the light travel time effect of a third body. Simultaneously, a visual companion has been detected based on the Gaia astrometric data, indicating that KM UMa is actually in a 2+1+1 hierarchical quadruple system.
Pseudodifferential multi-product representation of the solution operator of a parabolic equation
Creators: name: Isozaki, Hiroshi
name: Rousseau, Jérôme Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K15, 35S10, 47G30, 58J35, 58J40

description: By using a time slicing procedure, we represent the solution operator of a second-order parabolic pseudodifferential equation on $\R^n$ as an infinite product of zero-order pseudodifferential operators. A similar representation formula is proven for parabolic differential equations on a compact Riemannian manifold. Each operator in the multi-product is given by a simple explicit Ansatz. The proof is based on an effective use of the Weyl calculus and the Fefferman-Phong inequality.
description: Comm. Partial Differential Equations to appear (2009) 28 pages
APROXIMAÇÕES TEÓRICO-CONCEITUAIS SOBRE AGRICULTURA  FAMILIAR E PARTICULARIDADES DO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO
Creators: name: Azevedo, Sérgio Luiz Malta de
Publisher: name: SABEH
Year: 2023

description: Nesse ensaio de cunho bibliográfico, discute-se primeiramente a agricultura numa perspectiva dinâmica, com uso de capital e tecnologias intensivas, a exemplo dos produtores de frango e de suínos do sul do país, encontrando-se, de modo geral, integrados ao criatório desse animal. Em segundo lugar verifica-se uma agricultura familiar bastante precária do ponto de vista do volume produzido e de sua integração ao mercado. Além das características sublinhadas serão discutidos também, nesse trabalho, os processos sociais de organização da agricultura familiar, tendo como objetivo compreender suas características e principais formas de atuação. Como recurso metodológico foi elaborado uma revisão bibliográfica dos trabalhos de Ricardo Abramovay, Sérgio Schneider e Wanderley Baudel.
Near-Infrared and Optical Observations of Type Ic SN2020oi and broad-lined Ic SN2020bvc: Carbon Monoxide, Dust and High-Velocity Supernova Ejecta
Creators: name: Rho, J.
name: Evans, A.
name: Geballe, T. R.
name: Banerjee, D. P. K.
name: Hoeflich, P.
name: Shahbandeh, M.
name: Valenti, S.
name: Yoon, S. -C.
name: Jin, H.
name: Williamson, M.
name: Modjaz, M.
name: Hiramatsu, D.
name: Howell, D. A.
name: Pellegrino, C.
name: Vinko, J.
name: Cartier, R.
name: Burke, J.
name: McCully, C.
name: An, H.
name: Cha, H.
name: Pritchard, T.
name: Wang, X.
name: Andrews, J.
name: Galbany, L.
name: Graham, M. L.
name: Blinnikov, S.
name: Joshi, V.
name: Pal, A.
name: Kriskovics, L.
name: Ordash, A.
name: Sazkats, R.
name: Vida, K.
name: Chen, Z.
name: Li, X.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Yan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared and optical observations of the Type Ic Supernova (SN) 2020oi in the galaxy M100 and the broad-lined Type Ic SN2020bvc in UGC 9379, using Gemini, LCO, SOAR, and other ground-based telescopes. The near-IR spectrum of SN2020oi at day 63 since the explosion shows strong CO emissions and a rising K-band continuum, which is the first unambiguous dust detection from a Type Ic SN. Non-LTE CO modeling shows that CO is still optically thick, and that the lower limit to the CO mass is 0.001 Msun. The dust temperature is 810 K, and the dust mass is ~10^(-5) Msun. We explore the possibilities that the dust is freshly formed in the ejecta, heated dust in the pre-existing circumstellar medium, and an infrared echo. The light curves of SN2020oi are consistent with a STELLA model with canonical explosion energy, 0.07 Msun Ni mass, and 0.7 Msun ejecta mass. A model of high explosion energy of ~10^(52) erg, 0.4 Msun Ni mass, 6.5 Msun ejecta mass with the circumstellar matter, reproduces the double-peaked light curves of SN2020bvc. We observe temporal changes of absorption features of the IR Ca~II triplet, S~I at 1.043 micron, and Fe~II at 5169 Angstrom. The blue-shifted lines indicate high velocities, up to 60,000 km/s for SN2020bvc and 20,000 km/s for SN2020oi, and the expansion velocity rapidly declines before the optical maximum. We present spectral signatures and diagnostics of CO and SiO molecular bands between 1.4 and 10 microns.
description: accepted for the ApJ; data files are available for Figures 1 and 4
The troubled meeting of Richard Rorty and Thomas Kuhn
Creators: name: Foulkes, Erica
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The philosopher Richard Rorty counts himself among the supporters of Thomas Kuhn, who has done extensive and important work in the history and philosophy of science. Rorty bases his support on a number of similarities which he sees between his own work and that of Kuhn. My intention in this thesis has been to demonstrate the distinct lack of similarity between the work of Rorty and that of Kuhn. It is my contention that Rorty's belief in the sympathy between their respective programmes is misguided, being grounded in Rorty's misunderstanding of a considerable number of elements in Kuhn's programme, as well as the intent with which it was offered. The first chapter is an exegesis of Rorty's general philosophy of culture, moving into a more specific exegetical look at Rorty's references to Kuhn's work. The second chapter provides an extensive outline of Kuhn's historically sensitive examination of the philosophy of science. The third chapter engages in a discussion and analysis of comments which Rorty has made concerning Kuhn's work and the ways in which it relates to his own, encompassing both similarities and differences. I believe that I have shown that Thomas Kuhn's work in the history and philosophy of science is not at all applicable to the sort of cultural programme which Rorty is offering, in terms of scope, intent, and fundamental content.
Seventy-One New L and T Dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Chiu, K.
name: Fan, X.
name: Leggett, S. K.
name: Golimowski, D. A.
name: Zheng, W.
name: Geballe, T. R.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Brinkmann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared observations of 71 newly discovered L and T dwarfs, selected from imaging data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) using the i-dropout technique. Sixty-five of these dwarfs have been classified spectroscopically according to the near-infrared L dwarf classification scheme of Geballe et al. and the unified T dwarf classification scheme of Burgasser et al. The spectral types of these dwarfs range from L3 to T7, and include the latest types yet found in the SDSS. Six of the newly identified dwarfs are classified as early- to mid-L dwarfs according to their photometric near-infrared colors, and two others are classified photometrically as M dwarfs. We also present new near-infrared spectra for five previously published SDSS L and T dwarfs, and one L dwarf and one T dwarf discovered by Burgasser et al. from the Two Micron All Sky Survey. The new SDSS sample includes 27 T dwarfs and 30 dwarfs with spectral types spanning the complex L-T transition (L7-T3). We continue to see a large (~0.5 mag) spread in J-H for L3 to T1 types, and a similar spread in H-K for all dwarfs later than L3. This color dispersion is probably due to a range of grain sedimentation properties, metallicity, and gravity. We also find L and T dwarfs with unusual colors and spectral properties that may eventually help to disentangle these effects.
description: accepted by AJ, 18 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables, emulateapj layout
Proxy Means Tests for Targeting the Poorest Households -- Applications to Uganda
Creators: name: Houssou, Nazaire
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Alcaraz V., Gabriela
name: Schwarze, Stefan
name: Johannsen, Julia
name: Houssou, Nazaire
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Alcaraz V., Gabriela
name: Schwarze, Stefan
name: Johannsen, Julia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Uganda
subject: poverty assessment
subject: targeting
subject: proxy means test
subject: out-of-sample test
subject: bootstrap

description: The motivation for this research stems from increasing interest showed for the issue of targeting. The paper explores the use of proxy means tests to identify the poorest households in Uganda. The set of indicators used in our model includes variables usually available in Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS). Previous researches seeking to develop proxy means tests for poverty most often use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) as regression method. In addition to the OLS, the paper explores the use of Linear Probability Model, Probit, and Quantile regressions for correctly predicting the household poverty status. A further innovation of this research compared to the existing literature is the use of out-of sample validation tests to assess the predictive power and hence the robustness of the identified set of regressors. Moreover, the confidence intervals are approximated out-of sample using the bootstrap algorithm and the percentile method. The main conclusion that emerges from this research is that measures of absolute poverty estimated with Quantile regression can yield fairly accurate in-sample predictions of absolute poverty in a nationally representative sample. On the other hand, the OLS and Probit perform better out-of sample. Besides it complexity, the Quantile regression is less robust. The Probit may be the best alternative for optimizing both accuracy and robustness of a poverty assessment tool. The best regressor sets and their derived weights can be used in a range of applications, including the identification of the poorest households in the country, the assessment of poverty outreach of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), and the measurement of poverty and welfare impacts of agricultural development projects. To confirm or reject the conclusions in this paper, future research using datasets from other countries is needed.
Stellar Rotation in the Gaia Era: Revised Open Clusters Sequences
Creators: name: Godoy-Rivera, Diego
name: Pinsonneault, Marc H.
name: Rebull, Luisa M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The period versus mass diagrams (i.e., rotational sequences) of open clusters provide crucial constraints for angular momentum evolution studies. However, their memberships are often heavily contaminated by field stars, which could potentially bias the interpretations. In this paper, we use data from Gaia DR2 to re-assess the memberships of seven open clusters with ground- and space-based rotational data, and present an updated view of stellar rotation as a function of mass and age. We use the Gaia astrometry to identify the cluster members in phase-space, and the photometry to derive revised ages and place the stars on a consistent mass scale. Applying our membership analysis to the rotational sequences reveals that: 1) the contamination in clusters observed from the ground can reach up to $\sim 35\%$; 2) the overall fraction of rotational outliers decreases substantially when the field contaminants are removed, but some outliers persist; 3) there is a sharp upper edge in the rotation periods at young ages; 4) at young ages, stars in the 1.0-0.6 Msun range inhabit a global maximum of rotation periods, potentially providing an optimal window for habitable planets. Additionally, we see clear evidence for a strongly mass-dependent spin-down process. In the regime where rapid rotators are leaving the saturated domain, the rotational distributions broaden (in contradiction with popular models), which we interpret as evidence that the torque must be lower for rapid rotators than for intermediate ones. The cleaned rotational sequences from ground-based observations can be as constraining as those obtained from space.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJS. 26 pages of main text, 14 figures, and 9 pages of appendices. Appendix machine-readable tables are available as ancillary files (they are displaced by one letter with respect to the previous version but are otherwise identical)
Modeling of the Gamma Ray Burst photospheric emission: Monte Carlo simulation of the GRB prompt emission, numerical results and discussion
Creators: name: Trabelsi, Amina
name: Fouka, Mourad
name: Ouichaoui, Saad
name: Belhout, Amel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out a detailed study of the GRB photospheric emission model predicting a quasi-blackbody spectrum slightly broader than a Planck function. This model was suggested within the relativistic fireball dynamics for interpreting a still not well understood thermal component in the GRB prompt emission, recently observed by the GBM on board the Fermi space telescope. We propose a Monte Carlo (M C) code for elucidating the observed spectrum, the outflow dynamics and its geometry for a basic and a structured plasma jets whose parameters are implemented. The code involves a simulation part describing the photon propagation assuming an unpolarized, non-dissipative relativistic outflow and a data analysis part for exploring main photospheric emission properties such as the energy, arrival time and observed flux of the simulated seed photons and the photospheric radius. Computing the latter two observables by numerical integration, we obtained values very concordant with the M C simulated results. Fitting Band functions to the photon spectra generated by this method, we derived best-fit values of the photon indices matching well those featuring the observed spectra for most typical GRBs, but corresponding to fit functions inconciliable with blackbody spectral shapes. Various derived results are reported, compared to previous ones and discussed. They show to be very sensitive to the structure of the Lorentz factor that plays a crucial role in determining the presence and strength of geometrical effects. The latter manifest themselves by large broadenings of the simulated spectra featured by multiple peak energies consistently with GRB observations. They are assumed, with multiple Compton scattering, to produce bumps pointed out at very low photon energies. Finally, developments of this work are put into perspective.
description: Referring to the arXiv pdf file : 40 pages, 14 figures, 01 diagram (Appendix)
Labour allocative efficiency and factors influencing farm households interaction with the labour market
Creators: name: Kamau, Mercy W.
name: Burger, Kees
name: Giller, Ken E.
name: Kamau, Mercy W.
name: Burger, Kees
name: Giller, Ken E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Labor and Human Capital

description: Farm households in western Kenya show preference for different labour market participation strategies. This paper examines efficiency in labour allocation between farm and off-farm activities and the factors influencing labour supply. Unlike previous studies where the household decisions are determined by a single wage, this study allowed household decisions to be influenced by both the shadow wage and the off-farm wage. Returns to labour vary within the farm and between household members working off-farm so this heterogeneity was exploited to generate a household specific shadow wage and off-farm wage rate. The results reveal that on average, farm households are not efficient. However participation in the labour markets increases labour use efficiency on the farm. Labour supply to the farm decreases with income and increases with the education level. Supply off-farm depends on the education level and labour capacity. The lack of opportunities or rationing in off-farm employment is a problem for households whose head has more than the basic level of education.
If services aren't delivered, people won't pay: the role of measurement problems and monitoring in Payments for Environmental Services
Creators: name: Meijerink, Gerdien W.
name: Meijerink, Gerdien W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: PES
subject: monitoring
subject: measurement
subject: institutional arrangement

description: The idea of Payments for environmental services (PES) has an appealing simplicity, which may explain the success of the concept. However, successful projects are far limited though and two constraints have been identified in literature. The first is limited demand: too few service users are so confident about the mechanism that they are willing to pay. The second obstacle is poor knowledge on the institutional requirements entailing incentive and livelihood mechanisms which so far have received comparatively less attention. This paper focuses on both constraints by arguing that monitoring effectiveness and conditionality of PES schemes are crucial and that institutional arrangements for monitoring should be in place. By analysing in a systematic way what types of measurement problems there are, the paper shows that the type of monitoring that is required within a PES has consequences for the institutional arrangement needed for a successful PES. We find that the institutional arrangements for monitoring vary according to (i) the type of environmental service and its underlying production process, (ii) the extent to which the environmental service can be freely observed or measured, (iii) the extent to which activities of the resource managers who provide the environmental service can be freely observed, and finally (iv) the deterministic or stochastic nature of production processes.
Near- and long-term quantum algorithmic approaches for vibrational spectroscopy
Creators: name: Sawaya, Nicolas P. D.
name: Paesani, Francesco
name: Tabor, Daniel P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determining the vibrational structure of a molecule is central to fundamental applications in several areas, from atmospheric science to catalysis, fuel combustion modeling, biochemical imaging, and astrochemistry. However, when significant anharmonicity and mode coupling are present, the problem is classically intractable for a molecule of just a few atoms. Here, we outline a set of quantum algorithms for solving the molecular vibrational structure problem for both near- and long-term quantum computers. There are previously unaddressed characteristics of this problem which require approaches distinct from most instances of the commonly studied quantum simulation of electronic structure: many eigenstates are often desired, states of interest are often far from the ground state (requiring methods for "zooming in" to some energy window), and transition amplitudes with respect to a non-unitary Hermitian operator must be calculated. We address these hurdles and consider problem instances of four molecular vibrational Hamiltonians. Finally and most importantly, we give analytical and numerical results which suggest that, to a given energy precision, a vibrational problem instance will be simulatable on a quantum computer before an electronic structure problem instance. These results imply that more focus in the quantum information community ought to shift toward scientifically and industrially important quantum vibrational problems.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures. Additional analysis and discussion regarding matrix magnitude and desired accuracy
Pairing States of Superfluid 3He in Uniaxially Anisotropic Aerogel
Creators: name: Aoyama, Kazushi
name: Ikeda, Ryusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stable pairing states of superfluid 3He in aerogel are examined in the case with a global uniaxial anisotropy which may be created by applying an uniaxial stress to the aerogel. Due to such a global anisotropy, the stability region of an ABM pairing state becomes wider. In an uniaxially stretched aerogel, the pure polar pairing state with a horizontal line node is predicted to occur, as a 3d superfluid phase, over a measurable width just below the superfluid transition at T_c(P). A possible relevance of the present results to the case with no global anisotropy is also discussed.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Retail market prices of fonio reveal the demand for quality characteristics in Bamako, Mali.
Creators: name: Dury, Sandrine
name: Meuriot, Veronique
name: Fliedel, Genevieve
name: Blancher, Sandy
name: Guindo, Fanta Bore
name: Drame, Djibril
name: Bricas, Nicolas
name: Diakite, Lamissa
name: Cruz, Jean-Francois
name: Dury, Sandrine
name: Meuriot, Veronique
name: Fliedel, Genevieve
name: Blancher, Sandy
name: Guindo, Fanta Bore
name: Drame, Djibril
name: Bricas, Nicolas
name: Diakite, Lamissa
name: Cruz, Jean-Francois
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: African consumers' expectations concerning quality of food products are great. In spite of constrained budgets, we showed that market retailed prices revealed quality preferences of the consumers and not only production costs. In very poor countries like Mali, food innovation is limited by the very low purchasing power of the population. However, technological food product or process innovations are possible and sometimes valuable. Demand driven innovation may lead to open new markets, opportunities for small and medium scale enterprises and to improve consumers' welfare. Based on this assumption, technical research was done to provide new food products. In this paper, using both sensory test and a hedonic price approach, we estimated consumer demand for different characteristics of fonio, a West African cereal, and showed that poor consumers do have quality requirements and actually pay for it. We showed that the shadow or hedonic price paid for quality characteristics is small but significant. A comparison of sensory test and market study showed a convergence between what people say they prefer and what they really pay for. Results were consistent and showed directions for technological improvement of the product and its production process. The Partial Least Square method was used to estimate hedonic prices of the different modalities of fonio quality traits.
Governance and Surplus Distribution in Commodity Value Chains in Africa
Creators: name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Vandeplas, Anneleen
name: Maertens, Miet
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Vandeplas, Anneleen
name: Maertens, Miet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The governance of food markets is a crucial element for efficiency and distributional effects. In this paper, we use a conceptual model to show that this governance itself is endogenous in an environment of weak contract enforcement and imperfect markets, and importantly depends on the value in the chain. We relate the predictions of the theory to empirical evidence on differences in supply chain governance in Africa across different commodity types. In doing so we offer an explanation as why private sector governance systems with interlinked market transactions have emerged for higher value crops but not for staple food crops. We discuss the efficiency and equity effects and the implications for policy.
Molecular Insights into the Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunctions for Organic Photovoltaic Applications
Creators: name: Yoshimoto, Yuta
name: Sugiyama, Sou
name: Shimada, Shuntaro
name: Kaneko, Toshihiro
name: Takagi, Shu
name: Kinefuchi, Ikuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 74E30, 82D60

description: We investigate the mechanical properties of $π$-conjugated polymeric materials composed of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and fullerene C$_{60}$ using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, we perform tensile simulations of P3HT:C$_{60}$ composites with varied degrees of polymerization and C$_{60}$ mass fractions to obtain their stress-strain responses. Decomposition of stress tensor into kinetic energy and virial contributions indicates that the tensile moduli of the pure P3HT samples are greatly dependent on non-bonded interactions and on bonded interactions associated with bond-stretching, while the addition of C$_{60}$ leads to an increase in the tensile modulus originating from enhanced non-bonded interactions associated with C$_{60}$. Additionally, the tensile strength of the P3HT:C$_{60}$ samples correlates well with molecular chain entanglements, which are characterized by the average number of kinks per chain obtained from primitive path analysis. We also find that the upper and lower yield points characterizing strain softening become more pronounced with increasing C$_{60}$ mass fraction. Persistent homology analysis indicates that the emergence of the yield points correlates well with the coalescence of microvoids in the course of tensile deformation, resulting in the generation of larger voids. These results provide a fundamental understanding of the molecular determinants of the mechanical properties of $π$-conjugated polymer-fullerene composites, which can also help to interpret and predict the mechanical properties of other polymer composites containing fullerene.
description: 48 pages, 17 figures
Perturbative corrections to the determination of Vub from the P+ spectrum in B->X_u l nu
Creators: name: Hoang, Andre H.
name: Ligeti, Zoltan
name: Luke, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relation between the E_gamma spectrum in B->X_s gamma decay and the P+ spectrum in semileptonic B->X_u l nu decay (P+ is the hadronic energy minus the absolute value of the hadronic three-momentum), which provides in principle the theoretically simplest determination of Vub from any of the "shape function regions" of B->X_u l nu spectra. We calculate analytically the P+ spectrum to order alpha_s^2 beta_0, and study its relation to the B->X_s gamma photon spectrum to eliminate the leading dependence on nonperturbative effects. We compare the result of fixed order perturbation theory to the next-to-leading log renormalization group improved calculation, and argue that fixed order perturbation theory is likely to be a more appropriate expansion. Implications for the perturbative uncertainties in the determination of Vub from the P+ spectrum are discussed.
description: reference added, to appear in PRD
The role of farmer organisations and researcher support in the inclusion of smallholders in quality pork supply chains in Vietnam
Creators: name: Binh, Vu Trong
name: Thai, Bui Thi
name: Quang, Hoang Vu
name: Moustier, Paule
name: Binh, Vu Trong
name: Thai, Bui Thi
name: Quang, Hoang Vu
name: Moustier, Paule
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: pork production
subject: consumption
subject: farmers organisation
subject: Red River Delta
subject: Vietnam
subject: agriculture services
subject: collective action
subject: safe product
subject: smallholders

description: Increased foreign investment and changes in consumption and distribution patterns are prompting growth of the pork production sector in Vietnam, with the potential exclusion of small-scale farmers. Developing the collective action of farmers in the production, processing and certification of lean, safe pork products has been tested as a way to increase viability and benefits for small farmers. This development has been based on an action research initiative involving researchers, farmers and public officials, with regular monitoring of technical and economic data. The study shows the various functions devolving upon cooperatives in response to deficient access to resources and services in the area involving imported swine breeds, veterinary services, feed, training, a joint production protocol and safety certification. Available data show a positive impact on farmer incomes and trends to expand the scope of the organisations in terms of functions performed and quantities traded.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 11/26/07.
High-throughput computational search for two-dimensional binary compounds: Energetic stability versus synthesizability of three-dimensional counterparts
Creators: name: Ono, Shota
name: Satomi, Honoka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first principles calculations, the energetic stability of two-dimensional (2D) binary compounds $XY$ is investigated, where $X$ and $Y$ indicate the metallic element from Li to Pb in the periodic table. Here, 1081 compounds in the buckled honeycomb (BHC), buckled square, B2, L1$_0$, and B$_h$ structures are studied. For the compounds that have negative formation energy in the BHC structure or the compounds that can have the B$_h$ structure, the phonon dispersions of the 2D structures are also calculated. We demonstrate that (i) a negative formation energy is neither a sufficient nor necessary condition for yielding the dynamical stability of 2D compounds; and (ii) if a compound in the B$_h$ structure has been synthesized experimentally, that in the BHC structure is dynamically stable.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Statefinders, higher-order energy conditions and sudden future singularities
Creators: name: Dabrowski, Mariusz P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We link observational parameters such as the deceleration parameter, the jerk, the kerk (snap) and higher-order derivatives of the scale factor, called statefinders, to the conditions which allow to develop sudden future singularities of pressure with finite energy density. In this context, and within the framework of Friedmann cosmology, we also propose higher-order energy conditions which relate time derivatives of the energy density and pressure which may be useful in general relativity.
description: LATEX, 11 pages, no figures, version to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Gravitational Form Factors of Vector Mesons in an AdS/QCD Model
Creators: name: Abidin, Zainul
name: Carlson, Carl E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate gravitational form factors of vector mesons using a holographic model of QCD. These provide restrictions on the generalized parton distributions of vector mesons, via the sum rules connecting stress tensor form factors to GPDs. We concentrate on the traceless part of the stress tensor, which suffices to fix the momentum and angular momentum sum rules. The vector mesons appear noticeably more compact measured by the gravitational form factors than by the charge form factor.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, three typos corrected in v2
On dairy, economic sustainability and governmental support in Reunion Island: A research note
Creators: name: D'Haese, Marijke F.C.
name: Lecomte, Philippe
name: Schipper, Robert A.
name: Alary, Veronique
name: Kowalska, Agniezka
name: D'Haese, Marijke F.C.
name: Lecomte, Philippe
name: Schipper, Robert A.
name: Alary, Veronique
name: Kowalska, Agniezka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This paper presents the research framework of an on-going study on the dairy sector on La Reunion. This Indian Ocean island is one of the French overseas departments. However, it struggles with similar problems as the developing areas in its neighbourhood, high levels of unemployment especially being a major concern. The agricultural sector therefore justifies the state support it receives by indicating the creation of employment and economic activity. Our focus is on the dairy sector on the Island, which is relatively recent and highly organized. Local milk production has increased over the years, yet farmers are aware of future policy reforms that should liberalize the sector. The outcome for the sector is a major concern. Our research question is to what extent milk production is sustainable on La Reunion, including the question of a future without governmental subsidies. The aim of this paper is to discuss a conceptual framework, relevant research questions and methodology to answer these research questions.
Study of the decay phi--> f0(980)g --> pi+pi-g with the KLOE detector
Creators: name: KLOE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured, with the KLOE detector, the spectrum of pi+pi- invariant mass in a sample of 6.7 x 10^5 e+e- --> pi+pi-g events with the photon at large polar angle (theta_g>45^o) at a centre of mass energy sqrt(s) around the phi mass. We observe a clear contribution from the intermediate process phi --> f0(980)g. A sizeable effect is also observed in the distribution of the forward-backeard asymmetry. We use different theoretical models to fit the spectrum and we determine the f_0 mass and coupling constants to the phi, to pi+pi- and to KK.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys.Lett.B
The biotransformation of didecyldimethylammonium chloride by the hyphomycetes gliocladium roseum and verticillium bulbillosum
Creators: name: Dubois, Jason
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Two mould fungi, Gliocladium roseum and Verticillium bulbillosum, that had demonstrated an inherent ability to degrade didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), were used in the biodegradation experiments. DDAC was a) added to liquid media or b) used to treat wood pieces that were then subjected to fungal biodegradation. A metabolite from the degradation of DDAC in the treated wood was discovered from the HPLC chromatogram, where the peak due to DDAC decreased and was replaced by a new peak at a longer retention time. It was isolated by preparative HPLC and further purified. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to identify the metabolite. From the spectra the compound was determined to be a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) that differed only slightly from DDAC. The metabolite had two methyl groups and two decyl groups attached to the central nitrogen, with a hydroxyl group attached to one of the decyl chains. The hydroxyl group was not at the terminal carbon of the chain, suggesting that it was not the initiation of P-oxidation of the alkyl chain. The structure of this metabolite suggested that it was not an intermediate in the breakdown and possible mineralization of DDAC, but rather it appeared to be a biotransformation. It was hypothesised that this biotransformation reduced the toxicity of the DDAC to fungi. This is supported in the literature, which cites many cases of moulds employing hydroxylating enzymes to detoxify compounds. The two mould fungi and the basidiomycetes, Postia placenta and Trametes versicolor were used to screen various QACs with oxidized alkyl chains to determine their toxicity. It was found that a QAC that was heavily oxidized along its long alkyl chains (QAC-OXID) was significantly less toxic to both the mould fungi and the basidiomycetes than DDAC.
QANUN BASED LOCAL WISDOM IN ACEH
Creators: name: Muhammad Arsad Nasution
name: Muhammad Wandisyah R. Hutagalung
name: Maulana Arafat Lubis
name: Rosnani Siregar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Aceh Community, Local Wisdom, Qanun

description: Abstract

Local wisdom becomes the entrenched identity of the local community, so it is passed down from generation to generation. Local wisdom in Aceh is included in Sharia Regional Regulations, which are used as rules in people's daily lives. This research aims to analyze how important local wisdom is in Sharia Regional Regulations in Indonesia and its contribution to society in Indonesia. The sample for this research is the people of Aceh. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling. The research method uses qualitative with a case study approach. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and document study. The NVIVO application assists in data analysis. The research results prove that local wisdom in Aceh, such as the Peusijuek, Meugang, Kenduri Beureuat Ceremonies, Kluet Tribe Rice Rituals, Reuhab Ceremonies, Uroe Tulak Bala Ceremonies, and Pang Ulee Kenduri. Local wisdom such as Meugang, Baitul Mal, and clothing. This local wisdom plays a significant role in regulating the daily life of the people of Aceh and tourists and contributing to society in creating a prosperous, just, and peaceful life. For the people of Aceh, local wisdom and Islamic law are an inseparable unit because the culture of their ancestors must be preserved, and Islamic law is fundamental to practice.
Chiara Mengozzi, Narrazioni contese. Vent'anni di scritture italiane della migrazione
Creators: name: Mari, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Cagliari
Year: 2015
Subjects: Letteratura postcoloniale, Letteratura migrante; Autobiografia; Récits de vie; Traduzione

description: Come indicato chiaramente dal sottotitolo, il libro di Chiara Mengozzi si presenta, innanzitutto, come un bilancio delle “scritture italiane della migrazione” a due decenni di distanza dal loro esordio ormai canonico, con la pubblicazione, nel 1990, di testi come Io, venditore di elefanti, di Pap Khouma e Oreste Pivetta, o Immigrato, di Salah Methnani e Mario Fortunato. Il sottotitolo è molto simile a quello di Leggere il testo e il mondo. Vent’anni di scritture della migrazione in Italia (2011), un’antologia di saggi di poco precedente, a cura di Fulvio Pezzarossa e Ilaria Rossini, altrettanto orientata a redigere lo “stato dell’arte” sulla questione.
description: Between, Vol 5, N° 10 (2015): L’immaginario politico. Impegno, resistenza, ideologia