cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Corn and Soybean Yield Prediction from Remote Sensing Data Using Deep Transfer Learning
Creators: name: Khaki, Saeed
name: Pham, Hieu
name: Wang, Lizhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Large-scale crop yield estimation is, in part, made possible due to the availability of remote sensing data allowing for the continuous monitoring of crops throughout their growth cycle. Having this information allows stakeholders the ability to make real-time decisions to maximize yield potential. Although various models exist that predict yield from remote sensing data, there currently does not exist an approach that can estimate yield for multiple crops simultaneously, and thus leads to more accurate predictions. A model that predicts the yield of multiple crops and concurrently considers the interaction between multiple crop yields. We propose a new convolutional neural network model called YieldNet which utilizes a novel deep learning framework that uses transfer learning between corn and soybean yield predictions by sharing the weights of the backbone feature extractor. Additionally, to consider the multi-target response variable, we propose a new loss function. We conduct our experiment using data from 1,132 counties for corn and 1,076 counties for soybean across the United States. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed method accurately predicts corn and soybean yield from one to four months before the harvest with a MAE being 8.74% and 8.70% of the average yield, respectively, and is competitive to other state-of-the-art approaches.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables
Radiative recombination of charged excitons and multiexcitons in CdSe quantum dots
Creators: name: Troparevsky, M. C.
name: Franceschetti, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report semi-empirical pseudopotential calculations of emission spectra of charged excitons and biexcitons in CdSe nanocrystals. We find that the main emission peak of charged multiexcitons - originating from the recombination of an electron in an s-like state with a hole in an s-like state - is blue shifted with respect to the neutral mono exciton. In the case of the negatively charged biexciton, we observe additional emission peaks of lower intensity at higher energy, which we attribute to the recombination of an electron in a p state with a hole in a p state.
Mutual Information for Explainable Deep Learning of Multiscale Systems
Creators: name: Taverniers, Søren
name: Hall, Eric J.
name: Katsoulakis, Markos A.
name: Tartakovsky, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93B35 (Primary) 68T07, 62R07 (Secondary)

description: Timely completion of design cycles for complex systems ranging from consumer electronics to hypersonic vehicles relies on rapid simulation-based prototyping. The latter typically involves high-dimensional spaces of possibly correlated control variables (CVs) and quantities of interest (QoIs) with non-Gaussian and possibly multimodal distributions. We develop a model-agnostic, moment-independent global sensitivity analysis (GSA) that relies on differential mutual information to rank the effects of CVs on QoIs. The data requirements of this information-theoretic approach to GSA are met by replacing computationally intensive components of the physics-based model with a deep neural network surrogate. Subsequently, the GSA is used to explain the network predictions, and the surrogate is deployed to close design loops. Viewed as an uncertainty quantification method for interrogating the surrogate, this framework is compatible with a wide variety of black-box models. We demonstrate that the surrogate-driven mutual information GSA provides useful and distinguishable rankings on two applications of interest in energy storage. Consequently, our information-theoretic GSA provides an "outer loop" for accelerated product design by identifying the most and least sensitive input directions and performing subsequent optimization over appropriately reduced parameter subspaces.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures. Added additional examples
Spin noise spectroscopy in GaAs
Creators: name: Oestreich, M.
name: Roemer, M.
name: Haug, R. J.
name: Haegele, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe the noise spectrum of electron spins in bulk GaAs by Faraday rotation noise spectroscopy. The experimental technique enables the undisturbed measurement of the electron spin dynamics in semiconductors. We measure exemplarily the electron spin relaxation time and the electron Lande g-factor in n-doped GaAs at low temperatures and find good agreement of the measured noise spectrum with an unpretentious theory based on Poisson distribution probability.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Land Use and Remedy Selection: Experience from the Field - The Industri-Plex Site
Creators: name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Probst, Katherine N.
name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Probst, Katherine N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: As the United States Congress debates revisions to the federal Superfund law, one of the most important topics of discussion is the degree to which cleanups at Superfund sites should be based on their expected future land use. This discussion has engaged the Superfund community for several years. Despite this apparent interest in linking cleanup with land use, however, surprisingly little analysis has been done on what role land use already plays in selecting remedies. RFF researchers have addressed the shortfall with case studies at three Superfund sites - Abex Corporation in Portsmouth, Virginia, Industri-Plex in Woburn, Massachusetts, and Fort Ord near Monterey, California - where land use has played a prominent role in the remedy selection process. Each of the case studies includes a description of: the contamination at the site; the different stakeholders involved in the remedy selection process; and the influence that land use considerations have had on this process.
Regulating Government
Creators: name: Davies, Terry
name: Probst, Katherine N.
name: Davies, Terry
name: Probst, Katherine N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: pollution control
subject: federal facilities
subject: regulation
subject: intergovernmental relations

description: Federal, state, and local governments are major polluters of the environment. They account for more than 7% of SO2 air pollution emissions and more than 5% of all NO2 air emissions in the United States. Public entities are more likely than private ones to be in violation of the Clean Water Act, and they account for two-thirds of all major facilities in significant noncompliance with the act. Department of Energy nuclear sites are the worst hazardous waste problems in the nation. A lack of adequate data makes it difficult to fully characterize the extent of pollution caused by government agencies and to compare the performance of the public and private sectors. There are many reasons why government pollution is difficult to regulate. The paper discusses political dimensions, legal problems, resource constraints, psychological dimensions, and public opinion. Further research is urgently needed, and the paper delineates areas that require more investigation.
Optimizing single-photon-source heralding efficiency at 1550 nm using periodically poled lithium niobate
Creators: name: Castelletto, S.
name: Degiovanni, I. P.
name: Schettini, V.
name: Migdall, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the feasibility of using high conversion-efficiency periodically-poled crystals to produce photon pairs for photon-counting detector calibrations at 1550 nm. The goal is the development of an appropriate parametric down-conversion (PDC) source at telecom wavelengths meeting the requirements of high-efficiency pair production and collection in single spectral and spatial modes (single-mode fibers). We propose a protocol to optimize the photon collection, noise levels and the uncertainty evaluation. This study ties together the results of our efforts to model the single-mode heralding efficiency of a two-photon PDC source and to estimate the heralding uncertainty of such a source.
description: 14 pages, 2 tables and 3 figures, final version accepted by Metrologia
Structure constants of planar N =4 Yang Mills at one loop
Creators: name: Alday, Luis F.
name: David, Justin R.
name: Gava, Edi
name: Narain, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study structure constants of gauge invariant operators in planar N=4 Yang-Mills at one loop with the motivation of determining features of the string dual of weak coupling Yang-Mills. We derive a simple renormalization group invariant formula characterizing the corrections to structure constants of any primary operator in the planar limit. Applying this to the scalar SO(6) sector we find that the one loop corrections to structure constants of gauge invariant operators is determined by the one loop anomalous dimension Hamiltonian in this sector. We then evaluate the one loop corrections to structure constants for scalars with arbitrary number of derivatives in a given holomorphic direction. We find that the corrections can be characterized by suitable derivatives on the four point tree function of a massless scalar with quartic coupling. We show that individual diagrams violating conformal invariance can be combined together to restore it using a linear inhomogeneous partial differential equation satisfied by this function.
description: 52 pages, 12 figures, Typos fixed, reference added
Telemedicine based approach for the treatment and monitoring of Tuberculosis infected patients among Indian population
Creators: name: Panda, Pritam Kumar
name: Selvaa Kumar Chellasamy
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which urgently needs close monitoring system apart from treatment. Here we propose a telemedicine based software solution for monitoring for those who are directly associated with the infected patients like physicians, pathology labs and pharmacies (P3 group). This P3 group also takes Non-Governmental organizations into its fold through a telecommunication network who will be assisted in identifying, isolating, treating and monitoring the infectious disease using IT (Information Technology) based solutions. In addition to this, this mode of treatment will bring in uniformity among physicians and to follow the National code of conduct during drug prescription with correct dosage followed by continuous monitoring among rural and urban population. To conclude, this IT based design will certainly be helpful in strengthening the public private partnership universally to treat this contagious disease.

The current status of a TB control program is very grim which needs urgent introspection in all sectors which includes rural versus urban and public versus private sectors. There should be a uniform drug prescription which needs to be followed by physicians across all sectors with right dosage so as to curb the emergence of drug resistance. Above all, the continuous monitoring of the patients are the need of the hour as most of them stop the treatment once their condition improves. Here we try to address all these problems via telemedicine, which is the upcoming field in health science with the amalgamation of telecommunication and information technology (IT). This has already been reported to provide better clinical health care (9). Here, this mode of treatment for TB will certainly assist in overcoming many issues confronted by physicians, and patients. Most importantly, the application of telemedicine will help us in monitoring the patient’s progress which will also bring in uniformity in drug prescription among physicians spread across the country.
The Radio Galaxy Population in the SIMBA SImulations
Creators: name: Thomas, Nicole
name: Dave, Romeel
name: Jarvis, Matt J.
name: Angles-Alcazar, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the 1.4GHz radio luminosities of galaxies arising from star formation and active galactic nuclei (AGN) within the state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamic simulation Simba. Simba grows black holes via gravitational torque limited accretion from cold gas and Bondi accretion from hot gas, and employs AGN feedback including jets at low Eddington ratios. We define a population of radio loud AGN (RLAGN) based on the presence of ongoing jet feedback. Within RLAGN we define high and low excitation radio galaxies (HERGs and LERGs) based on their dominant mode of black hole accretion: torque limited accretion representing feeding from a cold disk, or Bondi representing advection-dominated accretion from a hot medium. Simba predicts good agreement with the observed radio luminosity function (RLF) and its evolution, overall as well as separately for HERGs and LERGs. Quiescent galaxies with AGN-dominated radio flux dominate the RLF at > $\sim 10^{22-23}$ W Hz$^{-1}$, while star formation dominates at lower radio powers. Overall, RLAGN have higher black hole accretion rates and lower star formation rates than non-RLAGN at a given stellar mass or velocity dispersion, but have similar black hole masses. Simba predicts a LERG number density of 8.53 Mpc$^{-3}$, $\sim 10\times$ higher than for HERGs, broadly as observed. While LERGs dominate among most massive galaxies with the largest black holes and HERGs dominate at high specific star formation rates, they otherwise largely populate similar-sized dark matter halos and have similar host galaxy properties. Simba thus predicts that deeper radio surveys will reveal an increasing overlap between the host galaxy demographics of HERGs and LERGs.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
On the Convergence to a Statistical Equilibrium for the Dirac Equation
Creators: name: Dudnikova, T. V.
name: Komech, A. I.
name: Mauser, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Dirac equation in $\R^3$ with constant coefficients and study the distribution $μ_t$ of the random solution at time $t\in\R$. It is assumed that the initial measure $μ_0$ has zero mean, a translation-invariant covariance, and finite mean charge density. We also assume that $μ_0$ satisfies a mixing condition of Rosenblatt- or Ibragimov-Linnik-type. The main result is the convergence of $μ_t$ to a Gaussian measure as $t\to\infty$. The proof uses the study of long time asymptotics of the solution and S.N. Bernstein's ``room-corridor'' method.
description: 12 pages
Environmental Taxes: Dead or Alive?
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental taxes
subject: double dividend
subject: distortions
subject: tax shifts

description: Both theory and recent trends suggest some optimism for the future of environment-related taxes. While new research emphasizes the potentially significant distortions created by environmental taxes and appears to undermine the so-called "double dividend" theory, it also suggests that virtually any environmental policy, including regulations, taxes, and tradable permits, can compound existing distortions in the tax system. Currently, direct environmental taxes, such as per-unit charges on emissions, are only in limited use; however, indirect environmental levies, including taxes on fuels, vehicles, beverage containers, and fertilizers, are growing in importance across the OECD nations. Over the period 1990-1993, environmental taxes as a share of total revenue increased while taxes on personal and corporate income.
Supporting Material from A closed form for Jacobian reconstruction from timeseries and its application as an early warning signal in network dynamics
Creators: name: Barter, Edmund
name: Brechtel, Andreas
name: Drossel, Barbara
name: Gross, Thilo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 10199 Pure Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Jacobian matrix of a dynamical system describes its response to perturbations. Conversely, one can estimate the Jacobian matrix by carefully monitoring how the system responds to environmental noise. We present a closed-form analytical solution for the calculation of a system’s Jacobian from a timeseries. Being able to access the Jacobian enables a broad range of mathematical analyses by which deeper insights into the system can be gained. Here we consider in particular the computation of the leading Jacobian eigenvalue as an early warning signal for critical transitions. To illustrate this approach, we apply it to ecological meta-foodweb models, which are strongly nonlinear dynamical multi-layer networks. Our analysis shows that accurate results can be obtained, although the data demand of the method is still high.
The Analysis of Randomized Experiments with Missing Data
Creators: name: Imbens, Guido W.
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Imbens, Guido W.
name: Pizer, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The otherwise straightforward analysis of randomized experiments is often complicated by the presence of missing data. In such situations it is necessary to make assumptions about the dependence of the selection mechanism on treatment, response, and covariates. The widely used approach of assuming that the data is missing at random conditional on treatment and other fully observed covariates is shown to be inadequate to describe data from a randomized experiment when partially observed covariates are also present. This paper presents an alternative to the missing at random model (MAR) which is both consistent with the data and preserves the appeal of MAR. In particular, the proposed family of models minimize the discrepancy with MAR while explaining observed deviations. We apply this approach to data from the Restart job training program in the United Kingdom as well as an artificial data set. Evaluation of the Restart program is not affected by the assumption of MAR; both approaches suggest that the program increased the chances of exiting unemployment by around 9% within six months. However, analysis of the artificial data demonstrates that assuming MAR can easily lead to erroneous conclusions.
Lepton-mediated electroweak baryogenesis, gravitational waves and the $4τ$ final state at the collider
Creators: name: Xie, Ke-Pan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An electroweak baryogenesis (EWBG) mechanism mediated by $τ$ lepton transport is proposed. We extend the Standard Model with a real singlet scalar $S$ to trigger the strong first-order electroweak phase transition (SFOEWPT), and with a set of leptophilic dimension-5 operators to provide sufficient CP violating source. We demonstrate this model is able to generate the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. This scenario is experimentally testable via either the SFOEWPT gravitational wave signals at the next-generation space-based detectors, or the $pp\to h^*\to SS\to 4τ$ process (where $h^*$ is an off-shell Higgs) at the hadron colliders. A detailed collider simulation shows that a considerable fraction of parameter space can be probed at the HL-LHC, while almost the whole parameter space allowed by EWBG can be reached by the 27 TeV HE-LHC.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures and 1 table. Formulae in the appendix corrected; main conclusions unchanged
Strict Liability as a Deterrent in Toxic Waste Management: Empirical Evidence from Accident and Spill Data
Creators: name: Alberini, Anna
name: Austin, David H.
name: Alberini, Anna
name: Austin, David H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: strict liability
subject: hazardous substances
subject: accident risk

description: This paper explores the issue of whether strict liability imposed on polluters has served to reduce uncontrolled releases of toxics into the environment. Strict liability should create additional incentives for firms to handle hazardous substances more carefully, thus reducing the future likelihood of uncontrolled releases of toxics. However, the size of these incentives may vary according to the size of a firm's assets, since asset size is the ultimate limit on a firm's liability. We are therefore interested to see whether imposing strict liability for the cost of remediation at hazardous waste sites has encouraged firms to handle toxic materials more carefully and has uniformly reduced the incidence of toxic spills, or whether the effect is dependent on firm size and other factors. To answer these questions, we exploit the variation in state hazardous waste site laws across states and over time. We use data on accidents and spills involving hazardous substances coming from a comprehensive database of events reported to the US EPA under their Emergency Response Notification System (ERNS), and fit regressions relating the frequency of spills of selected chemicals used in manufacturing to the type of liability in force in a state. We control for the extent of manufacturing activity in the state, and include in the regression other program features that might alter firms' expected outlays in the event of an accident, and thus affect firms' incentives to take care. Results vary with the chemical being analyzed. For some chemicals, such as halogenated solvents, the presence of strict liability does not provide any additional explanatory power for the number of spills beyond what is achieved by the number of establishments and the sectoral composition of manufacturing. For other families of chemicals (acids, ammonia and chlorine), we find that the impacts of manufacturing activities on the number of spills in each state do vary systematically with the liability regime. In particular, it appears that under strict liability small firms are responsible for a disproportionate number of spills. Since strict liability states tend to have more manufacturing firms, and more small manufacturing firms, these factors serve to increase the number of spills of these chemicals in strict liability states.
Fate of a bulge in an inflated hyperelastic tube: theory and experiment--Supplementary Information
Creators: name: Hejazi, Masoud
name: Hsiang, York
name: Phani, A. Srikantha
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Mechanical instability in a pre-tensioned finite hyperelastic tube subjected to a slowly increasing internal pressure produces a spatially localized bulge at a critical pressure. This instability is studied in controlled experiments on inflated latex rubber tubes, from the perspective of buckling observed in aneurysms and their rupture risk. The fate of the bulge under continued inflation is governed by the end-conditions and the initial tension in the tube. In a tube with one end fixed and a weight attached to the other freely moving end, the bulge propagates axially at low initial tension, growing in length and the tube relaxes by extension without buckling. Rupture occurs when the tension is high. By contrast, the bulge formed in an initially stretched tube held fixed at both its ends can buckle or rupture, depending on the amount of initial tension. Experiments are reported for different initial tensions and boundary conditions (BCs). Failure maps in the stretch parameter space and in stretch-tension space are constructed by extending existing theories for bulge formation and buckling analyses to the experimentally relevant BCs. Failure maps deduced from the theory are compared against experiments, and the underlying assumptions are critically assessed. Experiments reveal that buckling provides an alternate route to relieve the stress built up during inflation. Hence, buckling, when it occurs, can be a protective fail-safe mechanism against the rupture of a bulge in an inflated elastic tube.
Using Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis to Improve Government Performance
Creators: name: Farrow, Scott
name: Toman, Michael
name: Farrow, Scott
name: Toman, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: benefit-cost analysis
subject: environmental regulation
subject: regulatory reform

description: In this paper we first describe the legal and administrative basis of mandates that variously require and eschew economic measures for environmental management. We then summarize the steps involved in benefit-cost analysis and what can and cannot be accomplished with such information. Our basic conclusion is that while the approach is not perfect, benefit-cost analysis has a solid methodological footing and provides a valuable performance measure for an important governmental function, improving the well-being of society. However, benefit-cost analysis requires analytical judgements which, if done poorly, can obfuscate an issue or worse, provide a refuge for scoundrels in the policy debate. We conclude the article with specific suggestions for both the everyday performance of benefit-cost analysis and its use in policy decision-making.
Path-integral virial estimator for reaction rate calculation based on the quantum instanton approximation
Creators: name: Yang, Sandy
name: Yamamoto, Takeshi
name: Miller, William H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum instanton approximation is a type of quantum transition state theory that calculates the chemical reaction rate using the reactive flux correlation function and its low order derivatives at time zero. Here we present several path-integral estimators for the latter quantities, which characterize the initial decay profile of the flux correlation function. As with the internal energy or heat capacity calculation, different estimators yield different variances (and therefore different convergence properties) in a Monte Carlo calculation. Here we obtain a virial-type estimator by using a coordinate scaling procedure rather than integration by parts, which allows more computational benefits. We also consider two different methods for treating the flux operator, i.e., local-path and global-path approaches, in which the latter achieves a smaller variance at the cost of using second-order potential derivatives. Numerical tests are performed for a one-dimensional Eckart barrier and a model proton transfer reaction in a polar solvent, which illustrates the reduced variance of the virial estimator over the corresponding thermodynamic estimator.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Short-baseline interferometry local-tie experiments at the Onsala Space Observatory
Creators: name: Varenius, Eskil
name: Haas, Rüdiger
name: Nilsson, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from observation, correlation and analysis of interferometric measurements between the three geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) stations at the Onsala Space Observatory. In total 25 sessions were observed in 2019 and 2020, most of them 24 hours long, all using X-band only. These involved the legacy VLBI station ONSALA60 and the Onsala twin telescopes, ONSA13NE and ONSA13SW, two broadband stations for the next generation geodetic VLBI global observing system (VGOS). We used two analysis packages: nuSolve to pre-process the data and solve ambiguities, and ASCOT to solve for station positions, including modelling gravitational deformation of the radio telescopes and other significant effects. We obtained weighted root mean square postfit residuals for each session on the order of 10-15 ps using group delays and 2-5 ps using phase delays. The best performance was achieved on the (rather short) baseline between the VGOS stations. As the main result of this work we determined the coordinates of the Onsala twin telescopes in VTRF2020b with sub-millimeter precision. This new set of coordinates should be used from now on for scheduling, correlation, as a~priori for data analyses, and for comparison with classical local-tie techniques. Finally, we find that positions estimated from phase-delays are offset $\sim+3$ mm in the Up-component with respect to group-delays. Additional modelling of (elevation-dependent) effects may contribute to future understanding of this offset.
description: Submitted to Journal of Geodesy
The gravity lagrangian according to solar system experiments
Creators: name: Olmo, Gonzalo J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we show that the gravity lagrangian f(R) at relatively low curvatures in both metric and Palatini formalisms is a bounded function that can only depart from the linearity within the limits defined by well known functions. We obtain those functions by analysing a set of inequalities that any f(R) theory must satisfy in order to be compatible with laboratory and solar system observational constraints. This result implies that the recently suggested f(R) gravity theories with nonlinear terms that dominate at low curvatures are incompatible with observations and, therefore, cannot represent a valid mechanism to justify the cosmic speed-up.
description: 4 pages, revtex4
Relativistic viscous effects on the primordial gravitational waves spectrum
Creators: name: Mirón-Granese, Nahuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of the viscous effects of the primordial plasma on the evolution of the primordial gravitational waves (pGW) spectrum from Inflation until today, considering a self-consistent interaction that incorporates the back-reaction of the GW into the plasma. We use a relativistic causal hydrodynamic framework with a positive entropy production based on a Second-Order Theory (SOT) in which the viscous properties of the fluid are effectively described by a new set of independent variables. We study how the spin-2 modes typical of SOTs capture the simplest GW-fluid viscous interaction to first order. We consider that all non-ideal properties of the primordial plasma are due to an extra effectively massless self-interacting scalar field whose state becomes a many-particles one after Reheating and for which an effective fluid description is suitable. We numerically solve the evolution equations and explicitly compute the current GW spectrum obtaining two contributions. On the one hand we have the viscous evolution of the pGW: For the collision-dominated regime the GW source becomes negligible while in the collisionless limit there exists an absorption of the pGW energy due to the damping effect produced by the free-streaming spin-2 modes of the fluid and driven by the expansion of the Universe. The latter effect is characterized by a relative amplitude decrease of about 1 to 10 \% with respect to the GW free evolution spectrum. On the other hand we get the GW production due to the decay of the initial spin-2 fluctuations of the fluid that is negligible compared with the above-mentioned contribution. This SOT framework captures the same qualitative effects on the evolution of GW coupled to matter reported in previous works in which a kinetic theory approach has been used.
description: 29 pages, 3 figures, comparison with the kinetic theory approach included; matches the published version
Orbifold black holes
Creators: name: Nitta, Muneto
name: Uzawa, Kunihito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a regular black hole solution on the orbifold ${\mathbb C}^{n}/{\mathbb Z}_{n}$ in the ($2n+1$)-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory. The event horizon is $S^{2n-1}/{\mathbb Z}_{n}$.
description: 14 pages, Journal version
Experimental implementation of time-coding quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Boucher, William
name: Debuisschert, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have implemented an experimental set-up in order to demonstrate the feasibility of time-coding protocols for quantum key distribution. Alice produces coherent 20 ns faint pulses of light at 853 nm. They are sent to Bob with delay 0 ns (encoding bit 0) or 10 ns (encoding bit 1). Bob directs at random the received pulses to two different arms. In the first one, a 300 ps resolution Si photon-counter allows Bob to precisely measure the detection times of each photon in order to establish the key. Comparing them with the emission times of the pulses sent by Alice allows to evaluate the quantum bit error rate (QBER). The minimum obtained QBER is 1.62 %. The possible loss of coherence in the set-up can be exploited by Eve to eavesdrop the line. Therefore, the second arm of Bob set-up is a Mach-Zender interferometer with a 10 ns propagation delay between the two path. Contrast measurement of the output beams allows to measure the autocorrelation function of the received pulses that characterizes their average coherence. In the case of an ideal set-up, the value expected with the pulses sent by Alice is 0.576. The experimental value of the pulses autocorrelation function is found to be 0.541. Knowing the resulting loss of coherence and the measured QBER, one can evaluate the mutual information between Alice and Eve and the mutual information between Alice and Bob, in the case of intercept-resend attacks and in the case of attacks with intrication. With our values, Bob has an advantage on Eve of 0.43 bit per pulse. The maximum possible QBER corresponding to equal informations for Bob and Eve is 5.8 %. With the usual attenuation of fibres at 850 nm, it shows that secure key distribution is possible up to a distance of 2.75 km, which is sufficient for local links.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures
The Big Valley Rancheria collection of Bahtssal sound recordings
Creators: name: Augustine, Joe
name: Bateman, Leonard
name: Blue Wolf, James
name: Graves, William
name: Hopper, Nelson
name: John, Beverley
name: Carol, Elmer
name: Chavez, Diana
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015

description: Series of Bahtssal (Eastern Pomo) audio CDs produced at Big Valley Rancheria, funded by an ANA Language Preseveration Grant.
Innovation Under the Tradable Sulfur Dioxide Emission Permits Program in the U.S. Electricity Sector
Creators: name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Burtraw, Dallas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: innovation
subject: incentive-based regulation
subject: SO2 trading
subject: Clean Air Act Amendments

description: The 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) instituted a national program in tradable sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission permits, referred to as "emission allowances," in the U.S. electricity sector. This paper provides a survey and assessment of the SO2 allowance trading program with a focus on the role of innovation. Over the last decade the cost of compliance has fallen dramatically compared with most expectations, and today the total cost of the program is 40-140% lower than projections (depending on the timing of those projections and the counter-factual baseline considered). Marginal costs of reductions are less than one-half the cost considered in most analyses at the time the program was introduced. Innovation accounts for a large portion of these cost savings, but not as typically formulated in economic models of research and development (R&D) efforts to obtain patent discoveries. Innovation under the SO2 allowance trading program involves organizational innovation at the firm, market and regulatory level and process innovation by electricity generators and upstream fuel suppliers. An important portion of the cost reductions that are evident was already in the works prior to and independent of the program. Nonetheless, the allowance trading program deserves significant credit for providing the incentive and flexibility to accelerate and to fully realize exogenous technical changes that were occurring in the industry. This marks a significant departure from conventional approaches to environmental regulation, which would not be expected to capture these savings. The ongoing transition to restructuring of electricity markets and expanding competition in electricity generation complements the design of the SO2 allowance trading program by providing firms with full incentives to reduce costs of pollution control.
The Fermi gerbe of Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Carey, Alan
name: Thiang, Guo Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46N50, 19K56, 53C08

description: In the gap topology, the unbounded self-adjoint Fredholm operators on a Hilbert space have third homotopy group the integers. We realise the generator explicitly, using a family of Dirac operators on the half-line, which arises naturally in Weyl semimetals in solid-state physics. A "Fermi gerbe" geometrically encodes how discrete spectral data of the family interpolate between essential spectral gaps. Its non-vanishing Dixmier-Douady invariant protects the integrity of the interpolation, thereby providing topological protection of the Weyl semimetal's Fermi surface.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures. Minor improvements for publication in LMP
Supplementary 3D PDF s2: The antennal lobe glomeruli of R. pomonella from A reversal in sensory processing accompanies ongoing ecological divergence and speciation in Rhagoletis pomonella
Creators: name: Tait, Cheyenne
name: Hinal Kharva
name: Schubert, Marco
name: Kritsch, Daniel
name: Sombke, Andy
name: Rybak, Jürgen
name: Feder, Jeffrey L.
name: Olsson, Shannon B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Here, the glomeruli of R. pomonella are grouped by color according to the region of the antennal lobe that they occupy (i.e. dorsal, ventral). This supplemental data is shown in the form of an interactive 3D PDF. To be used in Adobe Acrobat Reader; click to activate 3D view and toggle the model tree to select individual groups or single glomeruli for viewing.
Internal contact modeling for finite strain topology optimization
Creators: name: Bluhm, Gore Lukas
name: Sigmund, Ole
name: Poulios, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The present work proposes an extension of the third medium contact method for solving structural topology optimization problems that involve and exploit self-contact. A new regularization of the void region, which acts as the contact medium, makes the method suitable for cases with very large deformations. The proposed contact method is implemented in a second order topology optimization framework, which employs a coupled simultaneous solution of the mechanical, design update, and adjoint problems. All three problems are derived and presented in weak form, and discretized with finite elements of suitable order. The capabilities and accuracy of the developed method are demonstrated in a topology optimization problem for achieving a desired non-linear force-displacement path.
Cross-Border Environmental Management and the Informal Sector: The Ciudad Juarez Brickmakers' Project
Creators: name: Blackman, Allen
name: Bannister, Geoffrey J.
name: Blackman, Allen
name: Bannister, Geoffrey J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: US-Mexican border
subject: informal sector
subject: environment
subject: brickmaking

description: The considerable difficulties associated with cross-border environmental management are compounded when polluters are unlicensed micro-enterprises such as auto repair shops and traditional brick kilns; such "informal sector" firms are virtually impossible to regulate in the conventional manner. This paper describes an example of an innovative and promising approach to the problem: the Cd. Juarez Brickmakers' Project, a private-sector-led, binational initiative aimed at abating highly polluting emissions from Cd. Juarez's approximately 350 informal brick kilns. We draw three lessons from the Project's history. First, private-sector-led cross-border initiatives can work -- indeed they may be more effective than public sector initiatives -- but they require strong public sector support. Second, necessary conditions for effective environmental management in the informal sector include enlisting the cooperation of local unions and political organizations, relying upon peer monitoring among informal firms, and providing inducements to offset compliance costs. Ineffective strategies include promoting too-advanced and therefore inappropriate technologies and intervening in informal markets. And finally, the history of the Brickmakers' Project suggests that, in volatile developing economies, even well designed voluntary market-based environmental initiatives in the informal sector are bound to be fragile.
The sizes of the pioneering, lowest crossing and pivotal sites in critical percolation on the triangular lattice
Creators: name: Morrow, G. J.
name: Zhang, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35 (Primary) 82B43. (Secondary)

description: Let L_n denote the lowest crossing of a square 2n\times2n box for critical site percolation on the triangular lattice imbedded in Z^2. Denote also by F_n the pioneering sites extending below this crossing, and Q_n the pivotal sites on this crossing. Combining the recent results of Smirnov and Werner [Math. Res. Lett. 8 (2001) 729-744] on asymptotic probabilities of multiple arm paths in both the plane and half-plane, Kesten's [Comm. Math. Phys. 109 (1987) 109-156] method for showing that certain restricted multiple arm paths are probabilistically equivalent to unrestricted ones, and our own second and higher moment upper bounds, we obtain the following results. For each positive integer τ, as n\to\infty: 1. E(|L_n|^τ)=n^{4τ/3+o(1)}. 2. E(|F_n|^τ)=n^{7τ/4+o(1)}. 3. E(|Q_n|^τ)=n^{3τ/4+o(1)}. These results extend to higher moments a discrete analogue of the recent results of Lawler, Schramm and Werner [Math. Res. Lett. 8 (2001) 401-411] that the frontier, pioneering points and cut points of planar Brownian motion have Hausdorff dimensions, respectively, 4/3, 7/4 and 3/4.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051605000000241 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Optimization of a translational murine model of closed-head traumatic brain injury
Creators: name: Mace, Brian E.
name: Lassiter, Eric
name: Arulraja, Evangeline Kamalini
name: Chaparro, Eduardo
name: Cantillana, Viviana
name: Gupta, Rupali
name: Faw, Timothy D.
name: Laskowitz, Daniel T.
name: Kolls, Brad J
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) from closed-head trauma is a leading cause of disability, with limited effective interventions. Many TBI models impact brain parenchyma directly, and are limited by the fact that these forces do not recapitulate clinically relevant closed head injury. However, applying clinically relevant injury mechanics to the intact skull may lead to variability and as a result, preclinical modeling TBI remains a challenge. Current models often do not explore sex differences in TBI, which is critically important for translation to clinical practice. We systematically investigated sources of variability in a murine model of closed-head TBI and developed a framework to reduce variability across severity and sex. We manipulated pressure, dwell time, and displacement to determine effects on motor coordination, spatial learning, and neuronal damage in 10-week-old male and female mice. Increasing pressure beyond 70 psi had a ceiling effect on cellular and behavioral outcomes, while manipulating dwell time only affected behavioral performance. Increasing displacement precisely graded injury severity in both sexes across all outcomes. Physical signs of trauma occurred more frequently at higher displacements. Stratifying severity based on day-1 rotarod performance retained histological relationships and separated both sexes into injury severity cohorts with distinct patterns of behavioral recovery. Utilizing this stratification strategy, within-group rotarod variability over 6 days post-injury was reduced by 50%. These results have important implications for translational research in TBI and provide a framework for using this clinically relevant translational injury model in both male and female mice.