cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Possibilities for Possibility Theory
Creators: name: Halter, A.
name: Brandstatter, J.
name: Halter, A.
name: Brandstatter, J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Public Economics
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Possibility theory is discussed as an extension of probability theory arising from the need to express subjective information quantitatively in linguistic terms, but without the restrictions of probability numbers. The concept of fuzzy sets is introduced as the basis of possibility theory and the broad scope of applications is mentioned.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERTEMPORAL STABILITY OF RISK PREFERENCES
Creators: name: Love, Ross O.
name: Robison, Lindon J.
name: Love, Ross O.
name: Robison, Lindon J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Financial Economics
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The interval measurement approach was used to obtain risk preference measures for 23 Michigan farmers in 1979 and again in 1981. This paper analyzes how the risk preferences of this group of decision makers changed over a two year time period. It finds that risk preferences were most stable near typical personal income levels.
Subpicotesla Scalar Atomic Magnetometer with a Microfabricated Cell
Creators: name: Zhang, Rui
name: Dyer, Terry
name: Brockie, Nathan
name: Parsa, Roozbeh
name: Mhaskar, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrated a scalar atomic magnetometer using a micro-fabricated Cs vapor cell. The atomic spin precession is driven by an amplitude-modulated circularly-polarized pump laser resonant on D1 transition of Cs atoms and detected by an off-resonant linearly-polarized probe laser using a balanced polarimeter setup. Under a magnetic field with amplitude in the Earth's magnetic field range, the magnetometer in the gradiometer mode can reach sensitivities below 150 fT/rt-Hz, which shows that the magnetometer by itself can achieve sub-100 fT/rt-Hz sensitivities. In addition to its high sensitivity, the magnetometer has a bandwidth close to 1 kHz due to the broad magnetic resonance inside the small vapor cell. Our experiment suggests the feasibility of a portable, low-power and high-performance magnetometer which can be operated in the Earth's magnetic field. Such a device will greatly reduce the restrictions on the operating environment and expand the range of applications for atomic magnetometers, such as detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in low magnetic fields.
LOAN PROGRAMS, TARGET PRICES, AND STORAGE SUBSIDIES
Creators: name: Berck, Peter
name: Schmitz, Andrew
name: Berck, Peter
name: Schmitz, Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Financial Economics

description: In a simple model incorporating uncertainty and not risk aversion, loan programs and target price programs can stabilize prices; but if the programs' price is the nonprogram average price, the stabilized quantity will exceed the nonprogram average quantity. A target price program is more expansionary than a loan program. Without target prices in place, government storage subsidies is favored by producers; but with such a program, they oppose ,them.
title: Электр жетегі
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: EDP Hub (Идипи Хаб), Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2025

description: Бұл оқулықта электр жетегі туралы тарихи мәліметтер, негізгі ұғымдар, қозғалыс теңдеулері, механикалық сипаттамалар, бұрыштық жылдамдық пен моментті реттеу, өтпелі процесстер, жұмыс режимдері, электр қозғалтқыштың қуатын таңдау жөнінде мағлұматтар берілген. Оқулық техника саласындағы білім алушы оқушыларға, студенттер мен магистранттарға арналған.
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 22 - Poverty reduction during the rural-urban transformation: rural development is still more important than urbanization
Creators: name: Imai, K.S.
name: Gaiha, R.
name: Garbero, A.
name: Imai, K.S.
name: Gaiha, R.
name: Garbero, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: POVERTY
subject: RURAL POPULATION
subject: RURAL DEVELOPMENT
subject: URBANIZATION
subject: AGRICULTURE

description: Based on cross-country panel datasets, we find that (i) an increase in population share in agriculture is associated with poverty reduction once the longer-term poverty change or dynamic is taken into account; (ii) the rural non-agricultural sector also is poverty-reducing in some cases; and (iii) increased population in the megacities has no role in poverty reduction. In fact, the growth of the populations in megacities increases poverty in a few cases. Given that rapid population growth or rural-urban migration is likely to increase poverty, more emphasis should be placed on policies that enhance support for rural agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. If our analysis has any validity, doubts are raised about recent research that emphasizes the role of secondary towns and urbanization as the main drivers to reduce extreme poverty.
title: Электр жетегі
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: EDP Hub (Идипи Хаб), Профобразование
Year: 2025

description: Оқулықта электр жетегі туралы тарихи мәліметтер келтірілген. Жалпы негізгі ұғымдар, қозғалыс теңдеулері, механикалық сипаттамалар қарастырылады. Бұрыштық жылдамдық пен моментті реттеу, өтпелі кезеңдер, жұмыс режимдері, Электр қозғалтқышының қуатын таңдау принциптері сипатталған. Оқулық техникалық білім беру салаларының ТжКБ студенттеріне ұсынылады.
Treatment patterns for biologics in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease: a Danish Nationwide Register Study from 2003 to 2015
Creators: name: Alulis, Sarah
name: Vadstrup, Kasper
name: Andras Borsi
name: Nielsen, Agnete
name: Jørgensen, Tine Rikke
name: Qvist, Niels
name: Munkholm, Pia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Background: The choice of treatment for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) depends among other factors, disease severity. Patients with moderate-to-severe disease should be prescribed biologic response modifiers (biologics), according to guidelines. This study aims to explore the treatment patterns of patients diagnosed with CD and UC between 2003 and 2015 that were treated with biologics in Denmark between the years 2003 and 2016. Methods: This national register study included patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2015, identified in the Danish National Patient Registry. Biologic therapies available during the study period were infliximab, adalimumab, vedolizumab and golimumab. The share of patients initiating and receiving biologic treatment in each year was estimated. Additionally, the time from IBD diagnosis to first biologic treatment and time between treatments was calculated. Results: Among 10,302 CD patients and 22,144 UC patients, 28.5% of CD patients and 11.3% of UC patients received treatment with biologics during the study period, with an increasing trend in the number of patients initiating treatment with biologics each year. About 46% of CD patients and 45% of UC patients received their first biologic treatment within the first year after IBD diagnosis. About 57–68% of CD and UC patients received treatment with their second line biologic within 2 months of the last treatment of their first line. Conclusions: The number of patients initiating biologic treatments after diagnosis increased throughout the study period. Most patients diagnosed with CD and UC are receiving biologic treatments relatively soon after their diagnosis.
On a Separatrix in the Gravitational Collapse to an Overcritical Electromagnetic Black Hole
Creators: name: Ruffini, R.
name: Vitagliano, L.
name: Xue, S. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical properties of an electron--positron--photon plasma created by the vacuum polarization process occurring around a charged gravitationally collapsing core of an initially neutral star are examined within the framework of General Relativity and Quantum Field Theory. The Reissner--Nordström geometry is assumed to apply between the collapsing core and the oppositely charged remnant of the star. The appearance of a separatrix at radius $\bar{R}$, well outside the asymptotic approach to the horizon, is evidenced. The neutral electron--positron--photon plasma created at radii $r>\bar{R}$ self-propels outwards to infinity, following the classical PEM--pulse analysis. The plasma created at $r
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Radiative B decays in Supersymmetry without R-parity
Creators: name: Kong, Otto C. W.
name: Vaidya, Rishikesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic analysis of all the contributions at the leading log order to the branching ratio of the inclusive radiative B decay, B --> X_s + gamma in the framework of supersymmetry without R-parity. The relevant set of four-quark operators involved in QCD running are extended from 6 (within SM and MSSM) to 24, with also many new contributions to the Wilson coefficients of (chromo)magnetic penguins for either chiral structure. We present complete analytical results here without any a priori assumptions on the form of R-parity violation. Mass eigenstate expressions are given, hence the results are free from the commonly adopted mass-insertion approximation. In the numerical analysis, we focus here only on the influence of the trilinear lambda-prime couplings and report on the possibility of a few orders of magnitude improvement for the bounds on a few combinations of the lambda-prime couplings. Our study shows that the Wilson coefficients of the current-current operators due to R-parity violation dominate over the direct contributions to the penguins. However, the inter-play of various contributions is complicated due to the QCD corrections which we elaborate here.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures. A few typos corrected and a few references added. Contents and results unchanged
Resonant low-energy electron attachment to O\(_{2}\) impurities in dense neon gas
Creators: name: Borghesani, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of resonant low-energy electron attachment to O\(_2\) molecular impurities in neon gas in the temperature range \(46.5\,\mbox{K}\le T\le 101\,\mbox{K}\). The reduced attachment frequency \(ν_A/N\) shows a well defined peak as a function of the gas density \(N\) when the electron energy is resonant with the 4th vibrational level of O\(_2^-\). For \(46.5\,\mbox{K}\le T\le 48.4\,\)K a second peak has been detected at a much higher density, which is due to the formation of ions in the 5th vibrational level. The temperature dependence of the first peak position can be explained within an ionic bubble model by computing the electron excess free energy as a function of \(T\) and \(N\). The peak shape is rationalized by taking into account the density dependent shift of the electron energy distribution function and the density of states of excess electrons in a disordered medium, and by assuming that electrons sample the gas density over a region of the order of the ionic bubble radius.
description: submitted to Plasma Sources Science and Technology
Models of Meson-Baryon Reactions in the Nucleon Resonance Region
Creators: name: Lee, T. -S. H.
name: Matsuyama, A.
name: Sato, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that most of the models for analyzing meson-baryon reactions in the nucleon resonance region can be derived from a Hamiltonian formulation of the problem. An extension of the coupled-channel approach to include $ππN$ channel is briefly described and some preliminary results for the $N^*(1535)$ excitation are presented.
description: Latex 13 pages; to appear in the Proceedings of Workshop on the Physics of excited nucleons (NSTAR2004), Grenoble (France), March 24-27, 2004
The miniJPAS survey: The galaxy populations in the most massive cluster in miniJPAS, mJPC2470-1771
Creators: name: Martín, J. E. Rodríguez
name: Delgado, R. M. González
name: Martínez-Solaeche, G.
name: Díaz-García, L. A.
name: de Amorim, A.
name: García-Benito, R.
name: Pérez, E.
name: Fernandes, R. Cid
name: Carrasco, E. R.
name: Maturi, M.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Lopes, P. A. A.
name: Cortesi, A.
name: Lucatelli, G.
name: Diego, J. M.
name: Chies-Santos, A. L.
name: Dupke, R. A.
name: Jiménez-Teja, Y.
name: Vílchez, J. M.
name: Abramo, L. R.
name: Alcaniz, J.
name: Benítez, N.
name: Bonoli, S.
name: Cenarro, A. J.
name: Cristóbal-Hornillos, D.
name: Ederoclite, A.
name: Hernán-Caballero, A.
name: López-Sanjuan, C.
name: Marín-Franch, A.
name: de Oliveira, C. Mendes
name: Moles, M.
name: Sodré, L.
name: Taylor, K.
name: Varela, J.
name: Ramió, H. Vázquez
name: Márquez, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The miniJPAS is a 1 deg$^2$ survey that uses the Javalambre-Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS) filter system (54 narrow-band filters) with the Pathfinder camera. We study mJPC2470-1771, the most massive cluster detected in miniJPAS. We study the stellar population properties of the members, their star formation rates (SFR), star formation histories (SFH), the emission line galaxy (ELG) population, their spatial distribution, and the effect of the environment on them, showing the power of J-PAS to study the role of environment in galaxy evolution. We use a spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code to derive the stellar population properties of the galaxy members: stellar mass, extinction, metallicity, colours, ages, SFH (a delayed-$τ$ model), and SFRs. Artificial Neural Networks are used for the identification of the ELG population through the detection of H$α$, [NII], H$β$, and [OIII] nebular emission. We use the WHAN and BPT diagrams to separate them into star-forming galaxies and AGNs. We find that the fraction of red galaxies increases with the cluster-centric radius. We select 49 ELG, 65.3\% of the them are probably star forming galaxies, and they are dominated by blue galaxies. 24% are likely to host an AGN (Seyfert or LINER galaxies). The rest are difficult to classify and are most likely composite galaxies. Our results are compatible with an scenario where galaxy members were formed roughly at the same epoch, but blue galaxies have had more recent star formation episodes, and they are quenching from inside-out of the cluster centre. The spatial distribution of red galaxies and their properties suggest that they were quenched prior to the cluster accretion or an earlier cluster accretion epoch. AGN feedback and/or mass might also be intervening in the quenching of these galaxies.
description: 24 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Tau functions associated to pseudodifferential operators of several variables
Creators: name: Lee, Min Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pseudodifferential operators of several variables are formal Laurent series in the formal inverses of $\partial_1, ..., \partial_n$ with $\partial_i = d$ $1 \leq i \leq n$. As in the single variable case, Lax equations can be constructed using such pseudodifferential operators, whose solutions can be provided by Baker functions. We extend the usual notion of tau functions to the case of pseudodifferential operators of several variables so that each Baker function can be expressed in terms of the corresponding tau function.
description: arxiv version is already official
Periodically Gated Bilayer Graphene as an Electronic Metamaterial
Creators: name: Lin, Xianqing
name: Tomanek, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study ballistic transport in periodically gated bilayer graphene as a candidate for a 2D electronic metamaterial. Our calculations use the equilibrium Green function formalism and take into account quantum corrections to charge density changes induced by a periodically modulated top gate voltage. Our results reveal an intriguing interference-like pattern, similar to that of a Fabry-Perot interferometer, in the resistance map as a function of the voltage $V_{BG}$ applied to the extended bottom gate and $V_{TG}$ applied to the periodic top gate.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. Applied
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 23 - The effect of the sectoral composition of economic growth on rural and urban poverty
Creators: name: Benfica, R.
name: Henderson, H.
name: Benfica, R.
name: Henderson, H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: POVERTY
subject: ECONOMIC GROWTH
subject: URBAN DEVELOPMENT
subject: PRODUCTIVITY
subject: EMPLOYMENT

description: We examine the relationship between the sectoral composition of economic growth and the rural-urban composition of poverty. To this end, we use a new cross-country panel dataset consisting of 146 rural and urban poverty “spells” for 70 low- and middle-income countries. We find that rural (urban) poverty is highly responsive to agricultural (non-agricultural) productivity growth. The effect of agricultural productivity growth on rural poverty is particularly strong for countries with little dependence on natural resources. We also find that growth in the share of employment in the non-agricultural sector (i.e. structural transformation) reduces rural poverty, most notably for countries at a low initial level of development. These findings are robust to changes in key assumptions, including using alternative poverty lines. Finally, we use our estimates to examine the historical contribution of different sources of economic growth to rural and urban poverty reduction across regions.
Pseudorapidity dependence of charged hadron transverse momentum spectra in d+Au collisions at sqrt sNN = 200 GeV
Creators: name: Back, B. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons in d+Au collisions at sqrt sNN = 200 GeV in the range of 0.5 < p_T < 4.0 GeV/c. The total range of pseudorapidity, eta, is 0.2 < eta < 1.4, where positive eta is in the deuteron direction. The data has been divided into three regions of pseudorapidity, covering 0.2 < eta < 0.6, 0.6 < η< 1.0, and 1.0 < eta < 1.4 and has been compared to charged hadron spectra from p+pbar collisions at the same energy. There is a significant change in the spectral shape as a function of pseudorapidity. As eta increases we see a decrease in the nuclear modification factor RdAu.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
Inferring properties of dust in supernovae with neural networks
Creators: name: Ansari, Zoe
name: Gall, Christa
name: Wesson, Roger
name: Krause, Oswin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Determining properties of dust formed in and around supernovae from observations remains challenging. This may be due to either incomplete coverage of data in wavelength or time but also due to often inconspicuous signatures of dust in the observed data. Aims. Here we address this challenge using modern machine learning methods to determine the amount, composition and temperature of dust from a large set of simulated data. We aim to determine whether such methods are suitable to infer these properties from future observations of supernovae. Methods. We calculate spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of dusty shells around supernovae. We develop a neural network consisting of eight fully connected layers and an output layer with specified activation functions that allow us to predict the dust mass, temperature and composition and their respective uncertainties from each SED. We conduct a feature importance analysis via SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to find the minimum set of JWST filters required to accurately predict these properties. Results. We find that our neural network predicts dust masses and temperatures with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of $\sim$ 0.12 dex and $\sim$ 38 K, respectively. Moreover, our neural network can well distinguish between the different dust species included in our work, reaching a classification accuracy of up to 95\% for carbon and 99\% for silicate dust. Conclusions. Our analysis shows that the JWST filters NIRCam F070W, F140M, F356W, F480M and MIRI F560W, F770W, F1000W, F1130W, F1500W, F1800W are likely the most important needed to determine the properties of dust formed in and around supernovae from future observations. We tested this on selected optical to infrared data of SN 1987A at 615 days past explosion and find good agreement with dust masses and temperatures inferred with standard fitting methods in the literature.
description: 24 pages,19 figures, 7 tables, submitted to A&A 10/01/2022
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 24 - Influence of nutrition-sensitive interventions on dietary profiles of smallholder farming households in East and Southern Africa
Creators: name: Odenigbo, M. A.
name: Elabor-Idemudia, P.
name: Geda, N. R.
name: Odenigbo, M. A.
name: Elabor-Idemudia, P.
name: Geda, N. R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: NUTRITION
subject: DIETARY GUIDELINES
subject: BENEFICIARIES
subject: EAST AFRICA
subject: SOUTH AFRICA

description: This paper aims to explore the influence of nutrition-sensitive interventions on dietary profiles of the beneficiaries of IFAD-funded projects. Drawing on a desk review of 37 IFAD funded projects in the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) region, the study used a cross sectional survey data from a purposive sample from selected countries where data collection was done (Kenya, Zambia, and Mozambique). The findings indicate that the development interventions have diverse nutritional impacts resulting from production related activities, ranging from training to the provision of inputs and services, including labour and energy- saving technologies. Moreover, results confirm that agricultural and rural development investments on food production and household income growth present many opportunities to positively influence dietary profiles of households. On the basis of these findings, the paper recommends the integration of existing and planned nutrition sensitive interventions targeting behavioural changes in consumption patterns of the nutritionally at-risk population.
MAKTABGACHA TA'LIM TARBIYALANUVCHILARNING IJODKORLIGINI OSHIRISHDA INTERFAOL METODLARNING AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Mansurova, Dilafruz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ijodiy shaxsni rivojlantirish federal davlat ta'lim standarti nuqtai nazaridan pedagogik nazariya va amaliyotning muhim vazifalaridan biridir. Shuning uchun odamlar uning yechimi ustida ishlay boshlaydilar. Usullar - ta'lim maqsadlariga erishishga qaratilgan o'qituvchi va o'quvchining o'zaro bog'langan faoliyati usullaridir. Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni o'qitish va rivojlantirishning asosiy usullari amaliy, vizual, og'zaki va o'yin usullaridir.
Pentheochaetes mysticus Melzer 1932
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Pentheochaetes
Pentheochaetes mysticus

description: 3. Pentheochaetes mysticus Melzer, 1932
Syntype localities — Brazil, São Paulo: São Paulo (Saúde). Paraná: Rio Negro. (MZSP). Distribution — Brazil (São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul).
 Pentheochaetes mysticus Melzer, 1932b: 433, pl. 7, fig. 8; Zikán & Wygodzinsky, 1948: 63 (type); Gilmour, 1957: 29; Buck, 1959: 607 (distr.).
 Pentheochaetes mysticus var. mediomaculatus Gilmour, 1957: 30, fig. 7.
Type locality — Brazil, Paraná: Santa Mariana. (MAGD).
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
INTERNAL CONTROL AND OPERATIONAL RISK OF QUOTED BANKS IN THE NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE
Creators: name: Ozuomba, Chidinma N.
Publisher: name: AMERICA SERIEL JOURNAL
Year: 2025
Subjects: Internal Control, Control Activities, Risk Assessment, Operational Risk

description: Banks are more likely to fail from operational risk than from credit risk, and internal control at banks create operational risk losses. This study investigates the effect of internal control on operational risk of quoted banks in Nigeria. 16 quoted banks were studied based on the 2012 banking reform on corporate governance by the then CBN governor Sanusi Lamido Sanusi’s “Project Alpha Initiative” (PAI). The analysis carried out included pooled OLS regression, fixed and random effect and Hausman tests utilizing E-View 9 software. The findings shows that internal control activities have a negative correlation and internal control risk assessment has positive significant effect on operational risk. We recommend that internal check staff at banks should be sustained as there was an inverse relationship between internal check and operational risk at banks. Penalties should be spelt out for banking staff who are non-compliant with bank policies and guidelines especially in the area of breech in software codes. Banks should ensure that internal control unit personnel are qualified and adequately trained especially IT staff
Designer topological insulator with enhanced gap and suppressed bulk conduction in Bi2Se3/Sb2Te3 ultra-short period superlattices
Creators: name: Levy, Ido
name: Youmans, Cody
name: Garcia, Thor
name: Deng, Haiming
name: Alsheimer, Steven
name: Testelin, Christophe
name: Krusin-Elbaum, Lia
name: Ghaemi, Pouyan
name: Tamargo, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel approach to reduce bulk conductance by the use of short period superlattices (SL) of two alternating topological insulator layers is presented. Evidence for a superlattice gap enhancement (SGE) was obtained from the observed reduction of bulk background doping by more than one order of magnitude, from 1.2x1020 cm-3 to 8.5x1018 cm-3 as the period of Bi2Se3/Sb2Te3 SLs is decreased from 12 nm to 5 nm, respectively. Tight binding calculations show that in the very thin period regime, a significant SGE can be achieved by the appropriate choice of materials. The ultrathin SL of alternating Bi2Se3 and Sb2Te3 layers behaves as a new designer material with a bulk bandgap as much as 60% larger than the bandgap of the constituent layer with the largest bandgap, while retaining topological surface features. Analysis of the weak antilocalization (WAL) cusp evident in the low temperature magneto-conductance of a very thin period SL sample grown confirms that the top and bottom surfaces of the SL structure behave as Dirac surface states. This approach represents a promising and yet to be explored platform for building truly insulating bulk TIs.
description: 13 Pages, 4 Figures
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 25 - Structural transformation and poverty in Malawi: decomposing the effects of occupational and spatial mobility
Creators: name: Benfica, R.
name: Squarcina, M.
name: De La Fuente, A.
name: Benfica, R.
name: Squarcina, M.
name: De La Fuente, A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: POVERTY
subject: GROWTH
subject: HOUSEHOLD
subject: OCCUPATION
subject: MALAWI

description: This paper aims to identify the main drivers of poverty reduction in Malawi. Using an augmented poverty decomposition methodology, it explores in what way the different farm and non-farm economic activities contribute to poverty reduction and income growth. The analysis also examines how household occupation and spatial mobility support both poverty reduction and household welfare improvements. Findings show that the increase in non-farm self-employment is the most significant contributor to poverty reduction overall, even though agriculture still exerts a considerable and positive influence, especially due to the size of the population involved and the observance of agricultural growth.
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 26 - Exploration of a methodology for assessing the impact of policy engagement: what impact and how to assess it?
Creators: name: McCord, A.
name: Heinemann, E.
name: Phillips, L.
name: McCord, A.
name: Heinemann, E.
name: Phillips, L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: POLICIES
subject: MONITORING
subject: EVALUATION
subject: ASIA

description: While policy engagement is increasingly considered a key dimension of development cooperation, there have been few attempts by development agencies to systematically monitor and evaluate the impact of their work in this area. In recent years, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) has sought to strengthen its engagement in country-level policy processes, and to develop a range of tools to more effectively monitor and evaluate this work. In this context, it commissioned a piece of work to develop and test a methodology for assessing its policy impact. The exercise served to review four purposively sampled IFAD policy engagement activities, in India, Indonesia, Nepal and Viet Nam, and analyse their impact; identify the factors contributing to, or limiting, the outcomes achieved and draw out lessons for future policy work; and propose a replicable methodology that could be used for similar exercises elsewhere. The methodology was found to provide, in a relatively short period of time, an independent appraisal of IFAD’s role and effectiveness in relation to the policy issues in question, based on multiple external perspectives. The paper concludes that the methodology offers a credible, cost-effective and potentially replicable approach to appraising policy impact, both within IFAD and for other development agencies conducting policy-related activities, and it makes suggestions on strengthening the methodology and increasing its operational relevance.
Small Schwarzschild de Sitter black holes, quantum extremal surfaces and islands
Creators: name: Goswami, Kaberi
name: Narayan, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study 4-dimensional Schwarzschild de Sitter black holes in the regime where the black hole mass is small compared with the de Sitter scale. Then the de Sitter temperature is very low compared with that of the black hole and we study the black hole, approximating the ambient de Sitter space as a frozen classical background. We consider distant observers in the static diamond, far from the black hole but within the cosmological horizon. Using 2-dimensional tools, we find that the entanglement entropy of radiation exhibits linear growth in time, indicative of the information paradox for the black hole. Self-consistently including an appropriate island emerging at late times near the black hole horizon leads to a reasonable Page curve. There are close parallels with flat space Schwarzschild black holes in the regime we consider.
description: Latex, 28pgs, 2 figs
Additional file 1 of Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness of self-management interventions in Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Pigott, Jennifer S.
name: Kane, Edward J.
name: Ambler, Gareth
name: Walters, Kate
name: Schrag, Anette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Search Terms.
IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 27 - Asia’s rural-urban disparity in the context of growing inequality
Creators: name: Imai, S.K.
name: Malaeb, B.
name: Imai, S.K.
name: Malaeb, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: URBAN AREAS
subject: ECONOMIC GROWTH
subject: INEQUALITY
subject: INCOME GAP
subject: CHINA

description: This study offers empirical evidence on the rural-urban gap in the context of growing inequality in Asia. First, China and India explain the trends in regional inequality given their large populations, signifying their importance as major contributors. Overall, China’s income inequality is characterized by rural-urban disparity, but the inequality within rural and within urban areas has worsened, although the country has experienced very high economic growth. India is mainly characterized by high inequality within urban areas, despite a sharp reduction in urban poverty. India’s rural-urban income gap has narrowed in recent years. We also find that the rural-urban income gap has narrowed in many other countries, such as Thailand and Viet Nam. Second, our econometric results on the agricultural and non-agricultural income gap suggest that a higher non-agricultural growth rate tends to widen the rural-urban gap over time, while agricultural growth is unrelated to the rural-urban gap. Third, the rural-urban human resources gap in terms of educational attainment has increased in both China and India. Policies that promote agricultural growth and rural education are deemed important not only for reducing rural poverty but also for narrowing the rural-urban human resources gap.
Pentheochaetes trinidadensis Gilmour 1963
Creators: name: Monné, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Pentheochaetes
Pentheochaetes trinidadensis

description: 4. Pentheochaetes trinidadensis Gilmour, 1963
Type locality — Trinidad. (ZSMC). Distribution — Trinidad, Venezuela.
 Pentheochaetes trinidadensis Gilmour, 1963a: 91, pl. 4, fig. 4.
description: Published as part of Monné, Miguel A., 2005, Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae, pp. 1-760 in Zootaxa 1023 (1) on pages 1-760, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.946.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049553
First-order electroweak phase transitions: a nonperturbative update
Creators: name: Gould, Oliver
name: Güyer, Sinan
name: Rummukainen, Kari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study first-order electroweak phase transitions nonperturbatively, assuming any particles beyond the Standard Model are sufficiently heavy to be integrated out at the phase transition. Utilising high temperature dimensional reduction, we perform lattice Monte-Carlo simulations to calculate the main quantities characterising the transition: the critical temperature, the latent heat, the surface tension and the bubble nucleation rate, updating and extending previous lattice studies. We focus on the region where the theory gives first-order phase transitions due to an effective reduction in the Higgs self-coupling and give a detailed comparison with perturbation theory.
description: 25 pages, 20 figures, for videos of bubble nucleation see https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6548608, and for the dataset see https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6539259; v3 typos corrected
The Slowly Formed Guiselin Brush
Creators: name: O'Shaughnessy, Ben
name: Vavylonis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study polymer layers formed by irreversible adsorption from a polymer melt. Our theory describes an experiment which is a ``slow'' version of that proposed by Guiselin [Europhys. Lett., v. 17 (1992) p. 225] who considered instantaneously irreversibly adsorbing chains and predicted a universal density profile of the layer after swelling with solvent to produce the ``Guiselin brush.'' Here we ask what happens when adsorption is not instantaneous. The classic example is chemisorption. In this case the brush is formed slowly and the final structure depends on the experiment's duration, $t_{final}$. We find the swollen layer consists of an inner region of thickness $z^* \sim t_{final}^{-5/3}$ with approximately constant density and an outer region extending up to height $h \sim N^{5/6}$ which has the same density decay $\sim z^{-2/5}$ as for the Guiselin case.
description: 7 pages, submitted to Europhysics Letters
The challenge and opportunities of quantum literacy for future education and transdisciplinary problem-solving
Creators: name: Nita, Laurentiu
name: Smith, Laura Mazzoli
name: Chancellor, Nicholas
name: Cramman, Helen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Resulting from cross-disciplinary dialogue between physicists, computer scientists, educationalists, and industrial end users, we propose the concept of quantum literacy as one means of addressing the transdisciplinary nature of the complex problems that we see at the heart of issues around global sustainability. In this way, quantum literacy can contribute to UN Sustainable Development Goal 4, Quality Education. We argue that quantum literacy, as defined here, addresses the challenges of learning and skills acquisition within a highly bounded discipline and of access to the kind of powerful knowledge that should be more accessible to a wide group of learners throughout the life course, both students and professionals. It is increasingly important that the knowledge of quantum technologies is accessible to those who work with real world applications in a more inclusive way. We therefore argue for the importance of addressing pedagogic issues when powerful knowledge consists of dense concepts, as well as complex and hierarchical relations between concepts, in addition to presenting a strong barrier to entry in the form of mathematics. We introduce a specific puzzle visualization learning tool through which to achieve these pedagogic ends with respect to quantum computation. Visualization through puzzles can enable non-specialists to develop an intuitive, but still rigorous, understanding of universal quantum computation and provide a facility for non-specialists to discover increasingly complex and new quantum algorithms. Using the Hong-Ou-Mandel optical effect from quantum mechanics, we demonstrate how visual methods such as those made possible through the puzzle visualization tool, can be very useful for understanding underlying complex processes in quantum physics and beyond and therefore support the aims of quantum literacy.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, position paper, typo in author name fixed in v2
Additional file 2 of Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness of self-management interventions in Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Pigott, Jennifer S.
name: Kane, Edward J.
name: Ambler, Gareth
name: Walters, Kate
name: Schrag, Anette
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Intervention Details – TIDieR [54].
The Rank-One Theorem on $\mathrm{RCD}$ spaces
Creators: name: Antonelli, Gioacchino
name: Brena, Camillo
name: Pasqualetto, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C23, 26A45, 49Q15, 28A75

description: We extend Alberti's Rank-One Theorem to $\mathrm{RCD}(K,N)$ metric measure spaces.
description: 42 pages. Final version to appear in Analysis & PDE
An Estuary Ecosystem Classification that encompasses biogeography and a high diversity of types in support of protection and management
Creators: name: L Van Niekerk
name: JB Adams
name: NC James
name: SJ Lamberth
name: CF MacKay
name: JK Turpie
name: A Rajkaran
name: SP Weerts
name: AK Whitfield
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: For nearly three decades, the Whitfield (1992) characterisation scheme served as a reference framework to type South African estuaries. We outline a revised ecosystem classification scheme that incorporates biogeographical zonation and introduces new types. Coastal outlets were re-categorised as estuaries or micro-systems. For functional estuaries, the Estuarine Lakes, Estuarine Bays and Predominantly Open Estuary types were largely retained. New types are Estuarine Lagoons and Arid Predominantly Closed Estuaries. The numerically dominant, temporarily open/closed category was subdivided into Small and Large Temporarily Closed Estuaries, with a total habitat area of 15 ha, serving as threshold separating these two subdivisions. River mouths were renamed Fluvially Dominated Estuaries and divided into large and small size categories to reflect dissimilar catchment influences. Micro-systems were separated into micro-estuaries, micro-outlets, and waterfalls. South Africa’s 290 estuaries were classified into 22 estuarine ecosystem categories arising from nine estuary types occurring across four biogeographical zones. In addition, 202 micro-systems were classified into nine ecosystem types, of which only the micro-estuaries (42) share possible functionality with estuaries. Estuaries subjected to functional shifts were also identified. The classification system provides a framework that integrates biogeography and the range of biophysical parameters evident in South Africa, and can be used for red listing of ecosystem types and determining estuarine sensitivity to pressures.
Decisions and disease: a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation
Creators: name: Rowlett, Julie
name: Karlsson, Carl-Joar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 91A10, 91A22, 92B05, 37N25

description: In numerous contexts, individuals may decide whether they take actions to mitigate the spread of disease, or not. Mitigating the spread of disease requires an individual to change their routine behaviours to benefit others, resulting in a 'disease dilemma' similar to the seminal prisoner's dilemma. In the classical prisoner's dilemma, evolutionary game dynamics predict that all individuals evolve to 'defect.' We have discovered that when the rate of cooperation within a population is directly linked to the rate of spread of the disease, cooperation evolves under certain conditions. For diseases which do not confer immunity to recovered individuals, if the time scale at which individuals receive information is sufficiently rapid compared to the time scale at which the disease spreads, then cooperation emerges. Moreover, in the limit as mitigation measures become increasingly effective, the disease can be controlled, and the rate of infections tends to zero. Our model is based on theoretical mathematics and therefore unconstrained to any single context. For example, the disease spreading model considered here could also be used to describe social and group dynamics. In this sense, we may have discovered a fundamental and novel mechanism for the evolution of cooperation in a broad sense.
Extreme-ultraviolet structured beams via high harmonic generation
Creators: name: Pandey, Alok Kumar
name: Heras, Alba de las
name: Román, Julio San
name: Serrano, Javier
name: Baynard, Elsa
name: Dovillaire, Guillaume
name: Pittman, Moana
name: Durfee, Charles G.
name: Plaja, Luis
name: Kazamias, Sophie
name: Hernández-García, Carlos
name: Guilbaud, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vigorous efforts to harness the topological properties of light have enabled a multitude of novel applications. Translating the applications of structured light to higher spatial and temporal resolutions mandates their controlled generation, manipulation, and thorough characterization in the short-wavelength regime. Here, we resort to high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in a noble gas to upconvert near-infrared (IR) vector, vortex, and vector-vortex driving beams that are tailored respectively in their Spin Angular Momentum (SAM), Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), and simultaneously in their SAM and OAM. We show that HHG enables the controlled generation of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) vector beams exhibiting various spatially-dependent polarization distributions, or EUV vortex beams with a highly twisted phase. Moreover, we demonstrate the generation of EUV vector-vortex beams (VVB) bearing combined characteristics of vector and vortex beams. We rely on EUV wavefront sensing to unambiguously affirm the topological charge scaling of the HHG beams with the harmonic order. Interestingly, our work shows that HHG allows for a synchronous controlled manipulation of SAM and OAM. These EUV structured beams bring in the promising scenario of their applications at nanometric spatial and sub-femtosecond temporal resolutions using a table-top harmonic source.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Looking around the neighborhood: how subnational electoral politics affects voters’ perceptions of parties’ positions
Creators: name: Spoon, Jae-Jae
name: Nonnemacher, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Local context has been shown to influence political attitudes and behaviors. We extend this research to argue that when a party performs better in a voter’s region or the region is more competitive, she will have more information on the parties and be better able to correctly identify the party’s positions. In addition, we argue that the strategy the party takes will also have an effect. To test our argument, we combine individual- and party-level data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and data on the party’s regional electoral performance from the European NUTS-Level Electoral Database from 1996 to 2021 for five federal or quasi-federal West European countries. Our results confirm our expectations. Our findings have important implications for understanding the multilevel nature of representation more generally, and how a voter’s local context shapes how she perceives parties’ positions and how parties can use local context to their advantage, more specifically.