cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Spatial Associations of Livestock Guardian Dogs and Domestic Sheep
Creators: name: Young, Julie
name: Draper, John P.
name: Kinka, Daniel
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2019

description: Livestock guardian dogs (Canis lupus familiaris; LGDs) have been used for centuries to protect livestock, primarily domestic sheep (Ovis aries), from depredation by large carnivores. While previous studies have shown their efficacy, the mechanisms in which LGDs protect livestock have largely remained unstudied. Livestock guardian dogs are often considered to be effective only if they remain in spatial proximity to the livestock they are protecting. We determined space use of LGDs relative to domestic sheep on open-range grazing allotments used by working ranches in the Rocky Mountains area of the northwest United States between August 2012 and October 2016. We determined dynamic space use, measured as proximity of LGDs to domestic sheep, and evaluated if this metric differed by breed, sex, or age. The LGDs and sheep were fitted with global positioning system transmitters to obtain location data that were subsequently compared by the above traits using multiple mixed-effect linear models. We found no differences in proximity to sheep on open range among LGDs for any of the 3 traits. Overall, we did find a temporal effect in that all of the LGDs studied were closer to sheep in early morning hours when sheep moved the shortest distances and predators are most likely to be active. These results suggest any of the breeds tested, along with sex or age of these LGD breeds, will remain in proximity to sheep when properly bonded.
Electron surface scattering kernel for a plasma facing a semiconductor
Creators: name: Bronold, F. X.
name: Willert, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing the invariant embedding principle for the electron backscattering function, we present a scheme for constructing an electron surface scattering kernel to be used in the boundary condition for the electron Boltzmann equation of a plasma facing a semiconducting solid. The scheme takes the solid's microphysics responsible for electron emission and backscattering from the interface within a randium-jellium model into account and is applicable to dielectrics and metals as well. As an illustration, we consider silicon and germanium, describing the interface potential by a Schottky barrier and including impact ionization across the energy gap as well as scattering on phonons and ion cores. The emission yields deduced from the kernel agree well enough with measured data to support its use in the electron boundary condition of a plasma facing silicon or germanium.
description: accepted version, 15 pages, 10 figures
On $Δ$-Modular Integer Linear Problems In The Canonical Form And Equivalent Problems
Creators: name: Gribanov, D. V.
name: Shumilov, I. A.
name: Malyshev, D. S.
name: Pardalos, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many papers in the field of integer linear programming (ILP, for short) are devoted to problems of the type $\max\{c^\top x \colon A x = b,\, x \in \mathbb{Z}^n_{\geq 0}\}$, where all the entries of $A,b,c$ are integer, parameterized by the number of rows of $A$ and $\|A\|_{\max}$. This class of problems is known under the name of ILP problems in the standard form, adding the word "bounded" if $x \leq u$, for some integer vector $u$. Recently, many new sparsity, proximity, and complexity results were obtained for bounded and unbounded ILP problems in the standard form. In this paper, we consider ILP problems in the canonical form $$\max\{c^\top x \colon b_l \leq A x \leq b_r,\, x \in \mathbb{Z}^n\},$$ where $b_l$ and $b_r$ are integer vectors. We assume that the integer matrix $A$ has the rank $n$, $(n + m)$ rows, $n$ columns, and parameterize the problem by $m$ and $Δ(A)$, where $Δ(A)$ is the maximum of $n \times n$ sub-determinants of $A$, taken in the absolute value. We show that any ILP problem in the standard form can be polynomially reduced to some ILP problem in the canonical form, preserving $m$ and $Δ(A)$, but the reverse reduction is not always possible. More precisely, we define the class of generalized ILP problems in the standard form, which includes an additional group constraint, and prove the equivalence to ILP problems in the canonical form. We generalize known sparsity, proximity, and complexity bounds for ILP problems in the canonical form. Additionally, sometimes, we strengthen previously known results for ILP problems in the canonical form, and, sometimes, we give shorter proofs. Finally, we consider the special cases of $m \in \{0,1\}$. By this way, we give specialised sparsity, proximity, and complexity bounds for the problems on simplices, Knapsack problems and Subset-Sum problems.
description: J Glob Optim (2022)
Site Development and Landscaping Victoria Centennial Square - Revisions Theatre Area
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Architecture, Modern
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/813842
subject: Plazas
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067051
subject: Architects
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/813114
subject: Architecture
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/813346
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Theaters
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1149370
subject: Cities and towns
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/861748
subject: Architectural drawings
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1986246
subject: Landscape architecture
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/991814

description: Sketch showing the landscaping plans for Centennial Square. Revised January 20, 1963.
title: Nest-defense Behavior of Mississippi Kites in Urban and Exurban Areas
Creators: name: Skipper, Ben R
name: Boal, Clint W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2019

description: Mississippi kites (Ictinia mississippiensis) have become an abundant raptor in many urban and exurban areas throughout the Southern Great Plains of the United States. Unfortunately, human–wildlife conflicts have resulted from this juxtaposition of suitable breeding areas for kites and areas that humans frequent, with some kites responding aggressively to humans near nests. To date, there are no data describing the prevalence of aggressive nest defense in the species, making informed management of human and kite conflicts difficult. We assessed and compared the prevalence of aggressive nest-defense by Mississippi kites in an urban area and an exurban area by simulating nest disturbance with a trial pedestrian. Additionally, we examine the relationships between physical features of the nest tree where aggressive behaviors were and were not recorded. Individual kites breeding in the exurban area responded to the trial pedestrian by taking flight from the nesting area, circling overhead, swooping at the pedestrian, or remaining on the nest. In the urban area, kites displayed a more limited suit of responses and either remained on the nest or swooped at the pedestrian. Additionally, kites breeding in the exurban area appeared to respond to experimental disturbance at a greater distance than did urban breeding kites, but not with more attacks on pedestrians. Physical characteristics of the nest tree did not explain aggressive behaviors, thereby suggesting that aggression in Mississippi kites is caused by factors other than nesting location features.
Additional file 1 of Psychometric properties of the simplified Chinese version of the observer OPTION5 scale
Creators: name: Zhaojuan Chen
name: Xuefei Bai
name: Guanghui Jin
name: Tao, Xin
name: Guowei Huang
name: Zhao, Yali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. The English version of the Observer OPTION5 scale.
Integrating Conceptual and Empirical Studies of Data to Guide Curatorial Processes
Creators: name: Palmer, Carole L.
name: Chao, Tiffany C.
name: Weber, Nicholas M.
name: Sacchi, Simone
name: Wickett, Karen M.
name: Renear, Allen H.
name: Baker, Karen
name: Thomer, Andrea
name: Dubin, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Preservation metadata
Data curation
Digital preservation
Information science

description: Two research teams within the Data Conservancy (http://dataconservancy.org/) project are investigating different aspects of scientific data curation. Data Concepts is developing a conceptual model to foster shared understanding of identity conditions and representation levels for data sets. Data Practices is conducting qualitative studies of data production and use in the earth and life sciences, analyzing curation needs, cultures of sharing, and re-use potential across disciplines. This poster will illustrate the integration of results from three phases of research to develop a more comprehensive and practical analysis of fundamental aspects of data curation. • Phase 1, Data Concepts team - Preliminary framework for definitions of “dataset” based on review of technical documentation and scientific literature, to support curation and integration of data across disciplines. Found four common features across definitions--grouping, content, relatedness, and purpose, elaborating each based on evidence from the literature. • Phase 2, Data Practices team - Conceptual mapping of data characteristics, data practices, and curation activities, consisting of approximately 145 terms. Emphasizes relationships between data practices and curatorial activities for application to description and assessment of curation services. • Phase 3, Data Practices team - Analytic potential concept developed as a theoretical approach to assessing the value of data beyond its original intended use. Extends Hjørland’s (1997) notion of “epistemological potential”, acknowledging the essential condition of preservation readiness and two key interrelated factors, potential user communities and fit for purpose. We will demonstrate how the Phase 1 framework has been tested and extended based on empirical data and analysis from Phases 2-3. In particular, we show how scientists’ practices and ideas about meaningful units of data adhere to and diverge from the framework’s conception of “grouping”. We also identify and discuss additional elements of “purpose” needed to inform the curatorial processes of selection and appraisal and set curation priorities for making data fit for long-term use.
The Response of Extratropical Cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion in the 20th Century
Creators: name: Grise, Kevin Michael
name: Son, Seok-Woo
name: Correa, Gustavo P.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Cyclones
Greenhouse gases--Environmental aspects
Ozone layer depletion
Atmosphere
Climatic changes
Meteorology

description: This study explores the impact of Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion on extratropical cyclones. Output from the Community Atmosphere Model is combined with a Lagrangian cyclone-tracking algorithm to identify the response of Southern Hemisphere extratropical cyclones to ozone and greenhouse gas forcings over the period 1960–2000. Stratospheric ozone depletion induces a significant poleward shift in cyclone frequency over the Southern Ocean, but has minimal influence on cyclone intensity and lifetime. The response of the cyclones to late 20th century greenhouse gas increases has similar characteristics, but falls within the range of natural variability in the model.
Dignity and Culture in Dispute Resolution
Creators: name: Olufunmilola Akin Ojelabi
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This paper adopts a definition of human dignity that highlights the importance of recognition and respect. These two concepts are important in dispute resolution processes, particularly where cultural differences exist between parties, or between a party and the third-party decision-maker or dispute resolution practitioner. Although cultural differences are not in themselves causes of conflict and should indeed be celebrated, culture and identity are intricately linked, meaning cultural differences negatively influence disputes and lead to intractability. Cultural differences may also affect a dispute resolution process and its outcome, particularly in relation to parties' engagement in, and perception of, the process. To prevent negative implications of cultural differences, dignity in the form of respect and recognition is important. These two concepts may also form the basis of procedural justice which, when present, enhances satisfaction in a decision-making process by giving effect to voice. This paper explores how cultural differences may diminish voice quality and how respect and recognition may lead to empowerment, thus improving the quality of voice and, in turn, both process and outcome. It discusses the elements of respect and recognition that may accord dignity to parties.
How does noise induce order?
Creators: name: Nisoli, Isaia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37H05, 37C30, 37A30, 37D25, 37H15

description: In this paper we present a general result with an easily checkable condition that ensures a transition from chaotic regime to regular regime in random dynamical systems with additive noise. We show how this result applies to a prototypical family of nonuniformly expanding one dimensional dynamical systems, showing the main mathematical phenomenon behind Noise Induced Order. Accepted at Journal of Statistical Physics
description: 32 pages, 3 figures
Salamandra Genei Temminck & Schlegel 1838
Creators: name: Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó
name: Van, Lars W.
name: Ostende, Den Hoek
name: Arntzen, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Caudata
Salamandridae
Salamandra

description: Salamandra Genei Temminck & Schlegel, 1838
Temminck & Schlegel, 1838. Fauna Japonica, 3: 115.
 Current name: Hydromantes genei (Temminck & Schlegel, 1838)
Lectotype: RMNH 2296 A, 1 ɗ. Loc.: “Sardaigne” [Sardinia, Italy]. Leg.: F.J. Cantraine. Paralectotypes: RMNH 2296 B-G, 3 ΨΨ, 3 hgr. Loc.: “Sardaigne” [Sardinia, Italy]. Leg.: F.J. Cantraine and C.G. Gené.
 Remarks. Hoogmoed (1978: 103) designated the lectotype.
description: Published as part of Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó, Van, Lars W., Ostende, Den Hoek & Arntzen, Jan Willem, 2007, Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 25-68 in Zootaxa 1482 on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176896
title: Spatial Relationships Between Livestock Guardian Dogs and Mesocarnivores in Central Texas
Creators: name: Bromen, Nicholas A
name: French, Justin T.
name: Walker, John W.
name: Silvy, Nova J.
name: Tomeček, John M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2019

description: The use of livestock guardian dogs (Canis lupus familiaris; LGDs) to deter predators from preying on domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra spp.) herds continues to increase across the United States. Most research regarding the efficacy of LGDs has been based on queries of rancher satisfaction with LGD performance, yet little is known regarding LGD influence on mesocarnivores, including those species against which they protect livestock. Here, we provide some preliminary observations regarding the effect of LGDs deployed with sheep and goat herds from May 2016 to April 2017 on the detected activity of mesocarnivores within occupied pastures on a 2,027-ha ranch in Menard County, central Texas, USA. Specifically, we were interested in learning if the presence of LGDs might affect the activity of nontarget mesocarnivores (i.e., mammalian predators that do not pose a predation threat to sheep or goats) apart from carnivores that do. To conduct this research, we deployed global positioning system radio-collars on 4 LGDs to record their positions and evaluate their spatial distribution across the ranch over the course of the study. To detect and quantify the presence of these carnivores across the ranch, we established a grid of remote cameras that continuously surveyed for their presence over the course of a year. We detected 8 mesocarnivore species and documented variable effects on activity by each species in relation to the locations of the radio-marked LGDs. Environmental factors rather than LGD presence accounted for most of the variation we observed in mesocarnivore activity. Mesocarnivore activity was also highest in areas without livestock. For those concerned with livestock–wildlife coexistence, our results suggest that LGD presence does not alter the activity of mesocarnivores not typically identified as a threat to sheep and goats. For those managing for livestock predation, our results suggest that LGD presence may negatively influence the activity of bobcats (Lynx rufus), though this effect was not independent from the influence of elevation.
In memoriam George Kukla (1930 - 2014): A pioneer using magnetostratigraphy for land-sea climate correlations
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Quaternary Geologic Period
Paleomagnetism
Paleoclimatology

description: Although George Kukla probably did not regard himself as a paleomagnetist, he made enormous contributions to Pleistocene (aka Quaternary) climate science using magnetostratigraphy.
Radius of Gyration, Contraction Factors, and Subdivisions of Topological Polymers
Creators: name: Cantarella, Jason
name: Deguchi, Tetsuo
name: Shonkwiler, Clayton
name: Uehara, Erica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82D60 (primary), 60G50, 60D05, 05C50 (secondary)

description: We consider the topologically constrained random walk model for topological polymers. In this model, the polymer forms an arbitrary graph whose edges are selected from an appropriate multivariate Gaussian which takes into account the constraints imposed by the graph type. We recover the result that the expected radius of gyration can be given exactly in terms of the Kirchhoff index of the graph. We then consider the expected radius of gyration of a topological polymer whose edges are subdivided into $n$ pieces. We prove that the contraction factor of a subdivided polymer approaches a limit as the number of subdivisions increases, and compute the limit exactly in terms of the degree-Kirchhoff index of the original graph. This limit corresponds to the thermodynamic limit in statistical mechanics and is fundamental in the physics of topological polymers. Furthermore, these asymptotic contraction factors are shown to fit well with molecular dynamics simulations.
description: Added more context and made some other minor revisions. 22 pages, 4 figures
title: Who Takes the Bait? Non-target Species Use of Bear Hunter Bait Sites
Creators: name: Candler, Ellen M
name: Severud, William J.
name: Bump, Joseph K.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2019

description: Hunting bears (Ursus spp.) over baits is legal in many countries, states, and provinces, but the practice remains a controversial topic among wildlife managers, hunting groups, and the general public. The baits used to attract bears may also provide a pulsed resource on the landscape that can be used by other wildlife species, particularly carnivores. To determine what other species might use bear bait sites, we constructed and monitored 21 bear bait sites with camera traps from August to October 2016 in the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA. The sites mimicked typical American black bear (U. americanus) hunter bait sites. We tested recorded changes in carnivore visitation before and during hunting season using paired t-test and analyzed carnivore temporal shifts between the 2 periods using a nonparametric kernel density estimation procedure. We analyzed 7,915 images, of which 81.9% were nontarget species. Bear daily visitation at the bait sites was reduced by 49.3% during hunting season while nontarget carnivore visitation increased by 33.0%. Bears also increased their nocturnal activity by 22.4% during the legal hunting season while other carnivore species maintained their diel patterns. Because of the high rates of nontarget species use of the bear hunter bait sites, there is a potential for disease spread and conflict with hunters. Managers should evaluate the potential impacts on target and nontarget species when establishing hunter bait regulations.
Additional file 1 of Removal of a missing intrauterine contraceptive device after location through an ultrasound: a case report within a rural setting and review of literature
Creators: name: Argaw, Mesele Damte
name: Hailemariam Segni Abawollo
name: Binyam Fekadu Desta
name: Zergu Taffesse Tsegaye
name: Dejene Mengistu Belete
name: Melkamu Getu Abebe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Consent Form for Case Reports.
title: Livestock Guardian Dogs and Cattle Protection: Opportunities, Challenges, and Methods
Creators: name: Urbigkit, Cat D
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2019

description: Producer interest in using livestock guardian dogs (Canis lupus familiaris; LGDs) to protect domestic cattle (Bos taurus) is driven by expanding large carnivore predator populations and increased public concerns regarding lethal predator control in North America. However, few resources exist to guide livestock producers regarding the use of LGDs to protect cattle. This paper summarizes published information and personal ranch experiences regarding the use of LGDs to protect cattle, describes livestock-producer identified challenges to more widespread adoption of this method to deter predators, and provides guidelines for introducing pups to LGD-naïve cattle herds. I recommend more extensive research on the use of LGDs with cattle, increased development of programs to place LGDs with cattle herds, as well as educational efforts targeting resource managers, livestock producers, and the general public.
Fully scalable randomized benchmarking without motion reversal
Creators: name: Hines, Jordan
name: Hothem, Daniel
name: Blume-Kohout, Robin
name: Whaley, Birgitta
name: Proctor, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce binary randomized benchmarking (BiRB), a protocol that streamlines traditional RB by using circuits consisting almost entirely of i.i.d. layers of gates. BiRB reliably and efficiently extracts the average error rate of a Clifford gate set by sending tensor product eigenstates of random Pauli operators through random circuits with i.i.d. layers. Unlike existing RB methods, BiRB does not use motion reversal circuits -- i.e., circuits that implement the identity (or a Pauli) operator -- which simplifies both the method and the theory proving its reliability. Furthermore, this simplicity enables scaling BiRB to many more qubits than the most widely-used RB methods.
description: 9 pages + appendices, 5 figures, v2: Close to published version, fixed typos in theory section
The normal matrix model with a monomial potential, a vector equilibrium problem, and multiple orthogonal polynomials on a star
Creators: name: Kuijlaars, Arno B. J.
name: López-García, Abey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the asymptotic behavior of a family of multiple orthogonal polynomials that is naturally linked with the normal matrix model with a monomial potential of arbitrary degree $d+1$. The polynomials that we investigate are multiple orthogonal with respect to a system of $d$ analytic weights defined on a symmetric $(d+1)$-star centered at the origin. In the first part we analyze in detail a vector equilibrium problem involving a system of $d$ interacting measures $(μ_{1},\ldots,μ_{d})$ supported on star-like sets in the plane. We show that in the subcritical regime, the first component $μ_{1}^{*}$ of the solution to this problem is the asymptotic zero distribution of the multiple orthogonal polynomials. It also characterizes the domain where the eigenvalues in the normal matrix model accumulate, in the sense that the Schwarz function associated with the boundary of this domain can be expressed explicitly in terms of $μ_{1}^{*}$. The second part of the paper is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of the multiple orthogonal polynomials. The asymptotic results are obtained again in the subcritical regime, and they follow from the Deift/Zhou steepest descent analysis of a Riemann-Hilbert problem of size $(d+1)\times (d+1)$. The vector equilibrium problem and the Riemann-Hilbert problem that we investigate are generalizations of those studied recently by Bleher-Kuijlaars in the case $d=2$.
description: 65 pages, 10 figures, change in title, proof of Lemma 8.2 improved
title: Factors Influencing the Movement of Livestock Guardian Dogs in the Edwards Plateau of Texas: Implications for Efficacy, Behavior, and Territoriality
Creators: name: Tomeček, John M
name: French, Justin T.
name: Walker, John W.
name: Silvy, Nova J.
name: Bromen, Nicholas A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2019

description: Livestock guardian dog (Canis lupus familiaris; LGD) breeds of domestic dog worldwide provide a degree of control over predation losses. The application of LGDs as a wildlife damage management tool evolved as a cultural practice in the Old World. In the 1970s, this tool emerged in North America. Despite several decades of science and application, gaps still exist in our knowledge regarding applications for LGDs. From February 2016 to November 2017, we deployed global positioning system transmitters on 4 LGDs on a 20-km2 ranch in Menard County, Texas, USA operated by Texas A&M AgriLife Research to investigate their fine scale movement and activity patterns, site fidelity to livestock management units (i.e., pastures), and fidelity to anthropogenic features, such as feed and water locations. The LGDs remained within study site boundaries for 90% of the study period. Additionally, daily activity patterns differed for dogs associated primarily with sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). All of the LGDs we studied were active throughout the 24-hour day. We determined that feed and water locations concentrated LGD activity to an extent, likely reflecting a livestock affinity for water sources, and provide an additional method by which to distribute them over the landscape. Our results, based on a small sample size, suggest that LGDs may provide effective association with livestock management areas, maintain a high fidelity to area perimeter boundaries, and distribute themselves across the area of use.
Clue: Cross-modal Coherence Modeling for Caption Generation
Creators: name: Alikhani, Malihe
name: Sharma, Piyush
name: Li, Shengjie
name: Soricut, Radu
name: Stone, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We use coherence relations inspired by computational models of discourse to study the information needs and goals of image captioning. Using an annotation protocol specifically devised for capturing image--caption coherence relations, we annotate 10,000 instances from publicly-available image--caption pairs. We introduce a new task for learning inferences in imagery and text, coherence relation prediction, and show that these coherence annotations can be exploited to learn relation classifiers as an intermediary step, and also train coherence-aware, controllable image captioning models. The results show a dramatic improvement in the consistency and quality of the generated captions with respect to information needs specified via coherence relations.
description: Accepted as a long paper to ACL 2020
Oscillation death in diffusively coupled oscillators by local repulsive link
Creators: name: Hens, C. R.
name: Olusola, Olasunkanmi I.
name: Pal, Pinaki
name: Dana, Syamal K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A death of oscillation is reported in a network of coupled synchronized oscillators in presence of additional repulsive coupling. The repulsive link evolves as an averaging effect of mutual interaction between two neighboring oscillators due to a local fault and the number of repulsive links grows in time when the death scenario emerges. Analytical condition for oscillation death is derived for two coupled Landau-Stuart systems. Numerical results also confirm oscillation death in chaotic systems such as a Sprott system and the Rössler oscillator. We explore the effect in large networks of globally coupled oscillators and find that the number of repulsive links is always fewer than the size of the network.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
title: Population Dynamics and Control of Exotic South African Oryx in the Chihuahuan Desert, South-central New Mexico
Creators: name: Bender, Louis
name: Morrow, Patrick
name: Weisenberger, Mara
name: Krueger, Bryce
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2019

description: Introductions of exotic species can benefit certain publics but can also have many unanticipated consequences. South African oryx (Oryx gazella gazella) were introduced into the Chihuahuan Desert on White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), New Mexico, USA to alleviate a perceived lack of large mammal hunting opportunities. Because of conflicts with oryx as the population increased, we modeled population growth and determined survival of radio-collared oryx to identify rates of population increase, limiting factors to population growth, and levels of harvest necessary to control population growth. Following introductions in 1969–1977, oryx significantly increased their range and showed a rate of increase of approximately λ = 1.22 through 2000, reaching approximately 3,500 individuals. This rate was marginally positively influenced by total precipitation received the previous year and near the species maximum based on fecundity (approx. λ = 1.26–1.29). In response to concerns over conflicts with oryx on WSMR, intensive studies of oryx limiting factors, 2001–2003, found annual survival of oryx excluding recovered harvest was ≥0.95 for adults and 1.00 for subadults. Most of the mortality was unrecovered hunting loss, further indicating that oryx had few nonhuman limiting factors. Modeling of the oryx population indicated that adult female harvest must be approximately 0.22–0.25 to control population growth. Intensive harvesting aimed at controlling oryx numbers removed an average of 30 (SE = 2.0)% of the estimated population, 2001–2013, which decreased the population to approximately 1,700 by 2013. Decreased harvest intensity from 2014–2017 to approximately 16 (SE = 1.6)% of the population subsequently allowed oryx to increase again at approximately λ = 1.14, rebounding to around 2,900 by 2017. Introduction of oryx succeeded in increasing recreational opportunities and revenue for management agencies. However, negative impacts on military missions, vehicle–oryx collisions, possible disease impacts on native ungulates, impacts on protected areas, the logistics of managing hunting programs on a closed military reservation, and optimizing oryx-related revenues continue to be significant management challenges.
title: Did Predator Control Go to the Dogs? A 40-year Retrospective
Creators: name: Tomeček, John M
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2019

description: In 1980, Green and Woodruff published an article entitled, “Is Predator Control Going to the Dogs?” At that time, the use of Livestock Guardian Dogs (hereafter LGDs) was a relatively new wildlife damage management tool in North America. Although this tool passed the test of time in its point of origin, early North American adopters stepped into a brave new world with little to guide them. In the modern world, knowledge of methods and means of wildlife damage management exists in written texts, films, and other guides. For LGDs, however, such materials did not exist 40 years ago. Over the last few decades, ecologists worldwide began a rigorous program to evaluate the use and effects of LGDs on livestock and natural systems. We now endeavor to update and evaluate the state of LGDs as a wildlife damage management tool in the course of this special issue, asking whether or not predator control "went to the dogs."
Ecological Change, Sliding Baselines and the Importance of Historical Data: Lessons from Combing Observational and Quantitative Data on a Temperate Reef Over 70 Years
Creators: name: Gatti, Giulia
name: Bianchi, Carlo Nike
name: Parravicini, Valeriano
name: Rovere, Alessio
name: Peirano, Andrea
name: Montefalcone, Monica
name: Massa, Francesco
name: Morri, Carla
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative research
subject: Coral reef ecology--Research
subject: Marine ecology--Research
subject: Environmental management
subject: Oceanography--Research--Data processing
subject: Corals--Effect of temperature on
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine biology
subject: Marine ecology

description: Understanding the effects of environmental change on ecosystems requires the identification of baselines that may act as reference conditions. However, the continuous change of these references challenges our ability to define the true natural status of ecosystems. The so-called sliding baseline syndrome can be overcome through the analysis of quantitative time series, which are, however, extremely rare. Here we show how combining historical quantitative data with descriptive ‘naturalistic’ information arranged in a chronological chain allows highlighting long-term trends and can be used to inform present conservation schemes. We analysed the long-term change of a coralligenous reef, a marine habitat endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. The coralligenous assemblages of Mesco Reef (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean) have been studied, although discontinuously, since 1937 thus making available both detailed descriptive information and scanty quantitative data: while the former was useful to understand the natural history of the ecosystem, the analysis of the latter was of paramount importance to provide a formal measure of change over time. Epibenthic assemblages remained comparatively stable until the 1990s, when species replacement, invasion by alien algae, and biotic homogenisation occurred within few years, leading to a new and completely different ecosystem state. The shift experienced by the coralligenous assemblages of Mesco Reef was probably induced by a combination of seawater warming and local human pressures, the latter mainly resulting in increased water turbidity; in turn, cumulative stress may have favoured the establishment of alien species. This study showed that the combined analysis of quantitative and descriptive historical data represent a precious knowledge to understand ecosystem trends over time and provide help to identify baselines for ecological management.
title: Memory and Resistance
Creators: name: Quinteros, Kamil
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

description: The centuries-old neocolonial relationship between the United States and Latin America is marked by acts of silencing, either directly in the hands of U.S. foreign affairs organizations or by proxy governments economically supported by the United States. These attempts to de-memorialize the atrocities of the past consolidate the power dynamic between the inheritors of colonial rule, and those who were colonized. U.S. interventionist policies––borne of corporate interests, the safeguarding of capitalism, and a skewed sense of national security––have created mass and enduring violence in Latin America, resulting in waves of migration north, where the journeys of the displaced are often denied, erased, and forgotten. This thesis began as an exploration of the U.S -Mexico border wall, understanding it as a flagship banner of propaganda, and has developed into the analysis of a state of surveillance across the Mexican territory. By analyzing and interpreting migratory paths through the states of Chiapas, Guanajuato and Chihuahua, the thesis centers, validates, and upholds the multiplicity and variability of the phenomenon of migration.
This proposal takes a critical stance towards the current state of refuge and safety throughout Mexico for migrants. Currently, humanitarian efforts deny the permanence of human mobility in the Americas by only affording provisional housing. Focusing on migration by foot, the thesis envisions a network of hyper-visible, and thus invisible, spaces of shelter that are permanent and rely on communal action in defiance of xenophobic laws. Nested within an already existing network of community chapels and working within the language of contemporary vernacular architecture, the spaces of shelter provide respite, information, as well as legal and medical services, and dismantle centralized approaches to humanitarian aid. Their existence as permanent structures memorialize migration, signify resistance, and attempt to provide dignity and power to those migrating through the Mexican territory towards a promised land.
Relativity without light: A new proof of Ignatowski's theorem
Creators: name: Anker, Jean-Philippe
name: Ziegler, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 22E70, 83A05

description: V. Ignatowski (1910) showed that assumptions about light are not necessary to obtain Lorentzian kinematics as one of only few possibilities. We give a much simplified proof of his result as formulated by V. Gorini (1971) for $n$+1-dimensional space-time.
description: 9 pages. Accepted version, to appear in Journal of Geometry and Physics
Trapping atoms using nanoscale quantum vacuum forces
Creators: name: Chang, D. E.
name: Sinha, K.
name: Taylor, J. M.
name: Kimble, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum vacuum forces dictate the interaction between individual atoms and dielectric surfaces at nanoscale distances. For example, their large strengths typically overwhelm externally applied forces, which makes it challenging to controllably interface cold atoms with nearby nanophotonic systems. Here, we show that it is possible to tailor the vacuum forces themselves to provide strong trapping potentials. The trapping scheme takes advantage of the attractive ground state potential and adiabatic dressing with an excited state whose potential is engineered to be resonantly enhanced and repulsive. This procedure yields a strong metastable trap, with the fraction of excited state population scaling inversely with the quality factor of the resonance of the dielectric structure. We analyze realistic limitations to the trap lifetime and discuss possible applications that might emerge from the large trap depths and nanoscale confinement.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Curved vortex surfaces in four-dimensional superfluids: I. Unequal-frequency double rotations
Creators: name: McCanna, Ben
name: Price, Hannah M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of superfluid quantum vortices has long been an important area of research, with previous work naturally focusing on two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems, where rotation stabilises point vortices and line vortices respectively. Interestingly, this physics generalises for a hypothetical four-dimensional (4D) superfluid to include vortex planes, which can have a much richer phenomenology. In this paper, we study the possibility of skewed and curved vortex planes, which have no direct analogue in lower dimensions. By analytically and numerically studying the 4D Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we show that such vortex surfaces can be stabilised and favoured by double rotation with unequal rotation frequencies. Our work raises open questions for further research into the physics of these vortex surfaces and suggests interesting future extensions to tilted vortex surfaces under equal-frequency double rotation and to more realistic 4D models.
description: First article in a series of two papers
Ranoidea Jacksoniensis Tschudi 1838
Creators: name: Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó
name: Van, Lars W.
name: Ostende, Den Hoek
name: Arntzen, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Hylidae
Ranoidea

description: Ranoidea Jacksoniensis Tschudi, 1838
Tschudi, 1838. Classif. Batr.: 35, 76.
 Current name: Litoria aurea (Lesson, 1831)
Paralectotypes: possibly RMNH 1721, 1 spec. Loc.: Port Jackson [Australia]. Leg.: F. Péron and C.A. Lesuer.
Possibly RMNH 1722, 1 spec. Loc.: N.Z. Wales [New South Wales, Australia]. Don.: Verreaux.
 Remarks. Tschudi (1838) mentioned specimens “von Perón auf Neu-Holland gefunden” (p. 35) and from “Nova Hollandia ” (p. 76), in the “Mus. Lugd. et Par.” (the National Museum of Natural History in Leiden and the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris). Other types are possibly MNHNP 537 and MNHNP 4858, the latter regarded as lectotype by Guibé (1950: 21).
description: Published as part of Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó, Van, Lars W., Ostende, Den Hoek & Arntzen, Jan Willem, 2007, Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 25-68 in Zootaxa 1482 on page 56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176896
Suppression of coarsening and emergence of oscillatory behavior in a Cahn-Hilliard model with nonvariational coupling
Creators: name: Frohoff-Hülsmann, Tobias
name: Wrembel, Jana
name: Thiele, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a generic two-field Cahn-Hilliard model with variational and nonvariational coupling. It describes, for instance, passive and active ternary mixtures, respectively. Already a linear stability analysis of the homogeneous mixed state shows that activity not only allows for the usual large-scale stationary (Cahn-Hilliard) instability of the well known passive case but also for small-scale stationary (Turing) and large-scale oscillatory (Hopf) instabilities. In consequence of the Turing instability, activity may completely suppress the usual coarsening dynamics. In a fully nonlinear analysis we first briefly discuss the passive case before focusing on the active case. Bifurcation diagrams and selected direct time simulations are presented that allow us to establish that nonvariational coupling (i) can partially or completely suppress coarsening and (ii) may lead to the emergence of drifting and oscillatory states. Throughout, we emphasize the relevance of conservation laws and related symmetries for the encountered intricate bifurcation behavior.
Additional file 1 of Pornography use and sexting amongst children and young people: a systematic overview of reviews
Creators: name: Raine, Gary
name: Khouja, Claire
name: Scott, Rachel
name: Wright, Kath
name: Sowden, Amanda J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Example search strategy for MEDLINE.
Curved vortex surfaces in four-dimensional superfluids: II. Equal-frequency double rotations
Creators: name: McCanna, Ben
name: Price, Hannah M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As is well-known, two-dimensional and three-dimensional superfluids under rotation can support topological excitations such as quantized point vortices and line vortices respectively. Recently, we have studied how, in a hypothetical four-dimensional (4D) superfluid, such excitations can be generalised to vortex planes and surfaces. In this paper, we continue our analysis of skewed and curved vortex surfaces based on the 4D Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and show that certain types of such states can be stabilised by equal-frequency double rotations for suitable parameters. This work extends the rich phenomenology of vortex surfaces in 4D, and raises interesting questions about vortex reconnections and the competition between various vortex structures which have no direct analogue in lower dimensions.
description: Second paper in a series of two papers
title: Rede bei Gelegenheit des zweiten hohen Vermählungsfestes Seiner Churfürstlichen Durchlaucht zu Pfalzbaiern Carl Theodor mit Ihrer Königlichen Hoheit, Erzherzogin von Oesterreich Maria Leopoldine; 1795
title: gehalten den 18. März 1795 in der öffentlichen Versammlung der Churpfälzischen physikalisch-ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Heidelberg
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Wundt, Friedrich Peter
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: In Fraktur
Theory of low power ultra-broadband terahertz sideband generation in bi-layer graphene
Creators: name: Crosse, J. A.
name: Xu, Xiaodong
name: Sherwin, Mark S.
name: Liu, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a semiconductor illuminated by a strong terahertz field, optically excited electron-hole pairs can recombine to emit light in a broad frequency comb evenly spaced by twice the terahertz frequency. Such high-order terahertz sideband generation is of interest both as an example of extreme nonlinear optics and also as a method for ultrafast electro-optical modulation. So far, this phenomenon has only been observed with large field strengths (~10 kVcm-1), an obstacle for technological applications. Here we predict that bi-layer graphene generates high-order sidebands at much weaker terahertz fields. We find that a terahertz field of strength 1 kVcm-1 can produce a high-sideband spectrum of about 30 THz, 100 times broader than in GaAs. The sidebands are generated despite the absence of classical collisions, with the quantum coherence of the electron-hole pairs enabling recombination. These remarkable features lower the barrier to desktop electro-optical modulation at terahertz frequencies, facilitating ultrafast optical communications.
description: Updated to journal version with new title and expanded supplementary information. 18 Pages, 3 figures (with supplementary information 17 Pages, 3 figures)