Cis caipora Borlini & Lopes-Andrade 2023, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Borlini, Paula Vieira
name: Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Ciidae
Cis
Cis caipora

description: Cis caipora Borlini & Lopes-Andrade sp. nov.
Figs 1–13
Etymology. "Caipora" is a Brazilian folkloric character. For the Tupi-Guarani people, Caipora is a female entity who lives in dense forests as a guardian of animals, protecting them from hunters. Noun in apposition.
Diagnosis. Cis caipora is unique among described species in the tricornis group, including C. guarani sp. nov. described below, in the markedly dual elytral punctation (Figs 1–2, 5). Cis caipora is morphologically most similar to C. guarani sp. nov., differing in the microreticulate pronotum (Fig. 5), males with disc of the first abdominal ventrite tumid at the anterior portion (Fig. 2), and females with baculi of proctiger longer than the gonocoxites and gonostyli together (Fig. 13). In C. caipora, the body is longer than that of C. amazonicus (TL 0.78–1.20 mm), C. delicatulus (TL ~ 1.20 mm) and C. tricornis (0.75–1.00 mm); and Cis miles has comparatively denser and deeper punctation on pronotum and elytra. In males of C. caipora and C. guarani the pronotal plate is shallowly emarginate, forming two short lateral horns when seen from above (Fig. 1), while in males of C. amazonicus, C. delicatulus, C. miles and C. tricornis the anterior pronotal plate is broadly and deeply emarginate, forming two long lateral horns when seen from above; males of C. nasicornis lack conspicuous pronotal projections.
Description. Holotype. Adult in good condition. Measurements in mm: TL 1.47; PL 0.59; PW 0.80; EL 0.88; EW 0.82; GD 0.7. Ratios: PL/PW 0.74; EL/EW 1.07; EL/PL 1.49; GD/EW 0.85; TL/EW 1.79. Body convex, suboval, ventral and dorsal surface yellowish brown; cephalic horn, antennae, palpi and tarsi light yellowish brown, except for dark antennal club; dorsal vestiture of very minute decumbent setae barely visible even at high magnification; ventral vestiture of decumbent slender setae. Head concealed by pronotal plate, except for anterocephalic edge; anterocephalic edge strongly projected upward forming a horn (Figs 2, 4), 1.76x longer than wide, with decumbent short setae; apical edge of horn slightly curved inward, with rounded corners; dorsum microreticulate, punctate; venter convex, with some punctures; gula 0.54x as wide as head (measured in a dissected paratype from Heredia), with gular structures broadly bowed; submentum narrow, barely delimited. Antennae with 10 antennomeres, as follows (in mm, left antenna measured): 0.06; 0.04; 0.04; 0.03; 0.02; 0.02; 0.01; 0.04; 0.05; 0.07 (FL 0.12; CL 0.16; FL/CL 1.33). Eyes with subcircular contour; coarsely facetted, each with about 60 ommatidia; GW 0.13 mm. Pronotum 1.4x wider than long; sides arcuate; anterolateral corners rounded, not projected forward; lateral margins barely explanate, simple (not crenulate), visible for their entire lengths when seen from above; anterior edge projected forward as a plate; corners of plate projected forward as short triangular horns with acute apex (Fig. 1); anterior area between horns, impressed, forming conspicuous concavity; punctation single (Figs 1, 5); punctures separated from each other by approximately two to three puncture-widths; interspaces of punctures microreticulate; vestiture indiscernible, consisting of minute light-coloured setae. Scutellar shield subtriangular; smooth; punctation, fine; BW 0.09 mm. Elytra suboval; punctation markedly dual, denser than that on pronotum (Fig. 5); macropunctures apparently aligned (subseriate), more evident on first two-thirds of elytra; each macropuncture lacking a seta; each micropuncture with one minute light-coloured seta; interspaces of punctures smooth; humeral calli conspicuous. Metathoracic wings fully developed. Hypomera markedly microreticulate, inconspicuously punctate; punctures sparse, shallow, each with one slender seta. Prosternum in front of coxae short, markedly microreticulate, impunctate; disc with slender setae, carinate at the longitudinal midline. Prosternal process narrow (but not laminate; Fig. 3), about 1.5x as long as prosternum at disc; with sparse slender setae. Protibiae expanded to apex, 3.1x as long as wide; slender setae regularly distributed at most of their lengths, but concentrated at inner edge; inner apical angle with a row of spines; outer edge straight, lacking spines; outer apical angle projected as an acute tooth. Meso-and metatibiae barely expanded to apex, more than 3x as long as wide; with regularly distributed slender setae; outer edge straight, without spines; outer apical angle not projected; apical edge with a row of spines. Metaventrite microreticulate, with long slender setae; discrimen very short. Abdominal ventrites microreticulate, with regularly distributed long slender setae; length of ventrites (in mm, from base to apex at the longitudinal midline) as follows: 0.22; 0.06; 0.06; 0.07; 0.08; first abdominal ventrite tumid at disc at the anterior portion (more conspicuous in lateral view; Fig. 2), with a large, marginated setose sex patch (Fig. 6, arrow; length, 0.06 mm; width, 0.04 mm) closest to the posterior margin. Male abdominal terminalia in paratypes (Figs 7–10) as follows: sternite VIII (Fig. 7) very membranous, posterior edge with broad V-shape emargination at middle, forming two lobes with slender setae at their apices; basal piece (Fig. 8) membranous, about 0.2x the length of tegmen; tegmen (Fig. 9) about twice as long as wide (at the widest portion), lateral margins sinuous, apical portion about 2x as wide as base, emarginate at middle forming two lateral lobes with rounded apices, each inner edge of the emargination with one conspicuous protuberance (Fig. 9, arrow); penis (Fig. 10) about 5x as long as wide, subparallel-sided, slightly tapered to apex, about 0.6x as long as tegmen.
Females. Without cephalic and pronotal projections (Fig. 11). Anterior edges of head and pronotum broadly rounded. Eyes visible from above. Gula smaller than in males, 0.44x as wide as head (female from Turrialba dissected); submentum narrow, barely discernible. First abdominal ventrite not tumid at disc and setose patch absent. Female abdominal terminalia (Figs 12–13) as follows: VIII sternite (Fig. 12) width about 0.8x the length of spiculum ventrale, posterior edge slightly sinuous (but not emarginate), posterior corners with long slender setae; paraprocts (Fig. 13) slightly shorter than gonocoxites and gonostyli together; baculi of proctiger (Fig. 13) about twice as long as baculi of paraprocts; gonocoxites (Fig. 13) transversely divided forming two folds at each side, with pair of gonostyli about one-third the length of gonocoxites together.
Type Series. Holotype: (FMNH) \Turrialba COSTA RICA VIII-28-66 \ J.F.Lawrence Lot 1845 \ Robin Andrews Collector \ ex Polyporus supinus \ Cis caipora Borlini & Lopes-Andrade HOLOTYPUS [red paper]. Paratypes: 4♁♁ and 3♀♀ (2♁♁, 2♀♀ CELC; 2♁♁, 1♀ FMNH), same data as the holotype; 5♁♁ and 8♀♀ (3♁♁ and 4♀♀ CELC; 2♁♁ and 4♀♀ FMNH) “C. RICA: Heredia Finca La Selva May-June. 1974 M. Thayer, coll. \ J. F. Lawrence Lot 3628 \ ex Polyporus supinus ”.
Variation. Measurements and ratios: Males, measurements in mm (n = 10): TL 1.26–1.59 (1.48 ± 0.10), PL 0.49–0.66 (0.58 ±0.05), PW 0.65–0.88 (0.08 ± 0.06), EL 0.77–0.96 (0.90 ± 0.06), EW 0.70–0.91 (0.83 ± 0.06), GD 0.62–0.76 (0.70 ± 0.04), PL/PW 0.70–0.76 (0.73 ± 0.02), EL/EW 1.06–1.12 (1.08 ± 0.03), EL/PL 1.40–1.67 (1.55 ± 0.10), GD/EW 0.80–0.89 (0.84 ± 0.03), TL/EW 1.70–1.82 (1.78 ± 0.04). Females, measurements in mm (n = 11): TL 1.41–1.58 (1.51 ± 0.05), PL 0.54–0.63 (0.58 ± 0.03), PW 0.71–0.81 (0.77 ± 0.03), EL 0.88–1.00 (0.93 ± 0.04), EW 0.71–0.90 (0.82 ± 0.05), GD 0.68–0.74 (0.71 ± 0.02), PL/PW 0.66–0.81 (0.75 ± 0.04), EL/EW 0.97–1.27 (1.13 ± 0.07), EL/PL 1.48–1.77 (1.61 ± 0.09), GD/EW 0.81–0.96 (0.86 ± 0.04), TL/EW 1.57–2.07 (1.84 ± 0.12).
Distribution. Known from only two localities within Costa Rica: “Finca La Selva”, probably La Selva Biological Station (Sarapiquí canton, Heredia province); and Turrialba, probably referring to the Turrialba district within the Turrialba canton (Cartago province).
Host fungi. Fomitella supina (Sw.) Murrill (Polyporaceae; 2 breeding records).
description: Published as part of Borlini, Paula Vieira & Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano, 2023, Two new Neotropical species of the Cis tricornis species-group (Coleoptera Ciidae), pp. 565-572 in Zootaxa 5277 (3) on pages 566-569, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/7890253