cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Protecting New Zealand construction subcontractors
Creators: name: Baas, Susan Catherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Non-residential construction projects typically involve a large number of parties and a complicated "pyramid" of contractual relationships. At the top of the project an owner or developer commonly employs a head contractor, who employs specialist contractors, who employ subcontractors, who finally employ workers and material suppliers. Funds for the project are fed in at the top and are intended to trickle down to those at the bottom. However, evidence indicates that this often does not happen and that those at the bottom - most significantly subcontractors - suffer substantial losses. Many countries attempt to reduce subcontractors' losses through legislative intervention. The Canadian common law provinces apply both a statutory "builder's lien", which allows an unpaid subcontractor to register a charge against construction land, and supplementary holdback and trust requirements. By contrast, New South Wales, Australia and the United Kingdom apply a "quick and dirty" form of adjudication in an attempt to reduce the delays in payment disputes. New Zealand is currently investigating the form of legislation that it should enact and has modelled the Construction Contracts Bill on New South Wales adjudication measures. This thesis examines the Canadian, New South Wales and United Kingdom systems for protecting subcontractors, as well as the New Zealand Construction Contracts Bill. It describes these different systems, and applies Cooter and Ulen's perfect contract analysis in an attempt to compare them. It concludes that the New South Wales approach is the most favourable, particularly because of its attempts to reform areas of the construction industry beyond just the problems that subcontractors face. However, it also notes that this approach has very high transaction costs, to such an extent that some proposed reforms may never come to fruition. It therefore recommends that New Zealand take a cautious approach in copying these measures. In addition, the thesis recommends that New Zealand researchers take more time to examine North American builder's lien systems. Protecting construction subcontractors is a complicated issue and the best solution for New Zealand will result from a careful consideration of the many different systems, both before any legislation is enacted and afterwards.
PREDICTED FUTURE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF LEAFY SPURGE IN THE UPPER MIDWEST
Creators: name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Leitch, Jay A.
name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Leitch, Jay A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: biological control
subject: leafy spurge
subject: economic impacts
subject: Upper Midwest

description: The Leafy Spurge Biological Control program was designed to use insects and plant diseases from the plant's original European habitat to control infestations in the United States. The widespread adoption of biological agents to combat leafy spurge and the initial success in reclaiming previously infested land has prompted an evaluation of the potential future economic benefits of the biological control of leafy spurge in the Upper Midwest. Based on expert opinion and historical data, leafy spurge in Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming was projected to infest 1.85 million acres, of which, 65 percent was estimated to controlled with biological agents by 2025. Based on a survey of county weed board personnel, North Dakota and Wyoming are further advanced in the use of biological control than Montana and South Dakota. Recovery of rangeland outputs resulting from the biological control of leafy spurge was estimated to create $52.7 million in direct and secondary economic impacts. Biological control of leafy spurge on wildland was estimated to generate $5.6 million annually. By 2025, total economic impacts of the Leafy Spurge Biological Control Program were estimated at $58.4 million (1997 dollars) annually in the four-state region. An additional 876 full-time equivalent secondary jobs would be created as result of the program. Although the economic estimates generated are based on expert opinion and remain sensitive to assumptions regarding the future efficacy of the biological control of leafy spurge, initial evidence suggests the program will be an economic success regardless of the eventual level of control. The assessment of the economic value of the biological control of leafy spurge would benefit from incorporation of additional information as the overall understanding of the biological control process grows.
Fabrication of Germanium-on-insulator in a Ge wafer with a crystalline Ge top layer and buried GeO2 layer by Oxygen ion implantation
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Vishal Kumar
name: Ghatak, Ankita
name: Kanjilal, Dinakar
name: Kabiraj, Debdulal
name: Singha, Achintya
name: Bysakh, Sandip
name: Medda, Samar Kumar
name: Chakraborty, Supriya
name: Raychaudhuri, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper reports fabrication of Germanium-on-Insulator (GeOI) wafer by Oxygen ion implantation of an undoped single crystalline Ge wafer of orientation (100). Oxygen ions of energy 200 keV were implanted. The implanted wafer was subjected to Rapid Thermal Annealing to 650 C. The resulting wafer has a top crystalline Ge layer of 220 nm thickness and Buried Oxide layer (BOX) layer of good quality crystalline Germanium oxide with thickness around 0.62 micron. The crystalline BOX layer has hexagonal crystal structure with lattice constants close to the standard values. Raman Spectroscopy, cross-sectional HRTEM with SAED and EDS established that the top Ge layer was recrystallized during annealing with faceted crystallites. The top layer has a small tensile strain of around +0.4\% and has estimated dislocation density of 2.7 x 10^{7}cm^{-2}. The thickness, crystallinity and electrical characteristics of the top layer and the quality of the BOX layer of GeO_{2} are such that it can be utilized for device fabrication.
Earthquake recurrence as a record breaking process
Creators: name: Davidsen, Joern
name: Grassberger, Peter
name: Paczuski, Maya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Extending the central concept of recurrence times for a point process to recurrent events in space-time allows us to characterize seismicity as a record breaking process using only spatiotemporal relations among events. Linking record breaking events with edges between nodes in a graph generates a complex dynamical network isolated from any length, time or magnitude scales set by the observer. For Southern California, the network of recurrences reveals new statistical features of seismicity with robust scaling laws. The rupture length and its scaling with magnitude emerges as a generic measure for distance between recurrent events. Further, the relative separations for subsequent records in space (or time) form a hierarchy with unexpected scaling properties.
904: Frank Clarke (handwritten account; photographs)
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: A personal account of wartime England, of a soldier's training in late 1917/early 1918, and then of action in France and Belgium, of the army of occupation in the Rhineland, and then of return to life in post-war England.
Editable AI: Mixed Human-AI Authoring of Code Patterns
Creators: name: Chugh, Kartik
name: Solis, Andrea Y.
name: LaToza, Thomas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Developers authoring HTML documents define elements following patterns which establish and reflect the visual structure of a document, such as making all images in a footer the same height by applying a class to each. To surface these patterns to developers and support developers in authoring consistent with these patterns, we propose a mixed human-AI technique for creating code patterns. Patterns are first learned from individual HTML documents through a decision tree, generating a representation which developers may view and edit. Code patterns are used to offer developers autocomplete suggestions, list examples, and flag violations. To evaluate our technique, we conducted a user study in which 24 participants wrote, edited, and corrected HTML documents. We found that our technique enabled developers to edit and correct documents more quickly and create, edit, and correct documents more successfully.
914: Sgt James Cookson (dispatch notice; citation)
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: James Cookson was my maternal grandfather. He was from Lytham, Lancashire and volunteered for the Army aged 16 (really 15). He served for the duration of the war with the North Lancashire Regiment Territorials, 1/4th Batallion.

On 13th November 1916, he was mentioned in a dispatch from General Sir Douglas Haig “for gallant and distinguished services in the field." At this time he was recorded as No 314, L/C J. Cookson. 1/4th Bn (TF).

On 1st March 1918 he received a Citation A L’Ordre de L’Armee signed by Marshal Petain. He also received the Croix de Guerre and I have seen a reference in a book about the North Lancashire Regiment which refers to Sgt Cookson being congratulated on his Croix de Guerre.

The reason for the citation and medal is written in French on the certificate and translates thus:

"On the 1st March 1918 being part of a patrol led by two officers, one of whom was killed and the other injured helped the latter to carry the body of the first to the English lines despite a violent bombardment. He was then joined to a detachment that was coming out and he took part in the advance guard of an attack on an enemy post. His courage and his contempt for danger served as the very best example to the men."
IR mergers and IR QSOs with galactic winds. III. Mrk 231: composite outflow with multiple expanding bubbles and BALs (an exploding young QSO?)
Creators: name: Lipari, S.
name: Terlevich, R.
name: Zheng, W.
name: Garcia-Lorenzo, B.
name: Sanches, S.
name: Bergmann, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study of outflow (OF) and BAL systems in Mrk 231 (and in similar IR QSOs) is presented. This study is based mainly on 1D and 2D spectroscopy (obtained at La Palma/WHT, HST, IUE, ESO/NTT, KPNO, APO and CASLEO observatories) plus HST images. For Mrk 231 we report evidence that the extreme nuclear OF process has at least 3 main components, which are probably associated with: (i) the radio jet, at pc scale, and (ii(the extreme starburst at pc and kpc scale. This OF has generate 4 or more concentric expanding bubbles and the BAL systems. The variability of the short lived BAL-III system was studied. Finally, the IR colour diagram and the UV BAL system of IR+OF+FeII QSOs are analysed. We propose that the phase of young QSO is associated with:accretion of large amount of gas (by the SMBH)+extreme starburst+extreme composite OFs/BALs.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures, MNRAS submitted
Costs and Characteristics of Operating Interstate Motor Carriers of Grain in North Dakota
Creators: name: Wilson, Wesley W.
name: Griffin, Gene C.
name: Casavant, Kenneth L.
name: Wilson, Wesley W.
name: Griffin, Gene C.
name: Casavant, Kenneth L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Agribusiness
Crop Production/Industries

description: Truck transportation has become very important to the North Dakota grain industry. Identification of the costs and characteristics of exempt motor carriers allowed evaluation of the performance of the industry. Average mileage per vehicle was about 88,000 per year. Firms larger than four trucks achieved higher annual mileage as well as larger percent of return trip that was loaded (59 percent compared to 25 percent for the smaller firms). Seventy-eight of the firms had been in business five years or more. Costs per operating mile appeared to be about 92 cents for the industry. Larger firms had a four cent per mile advantage over smaller firms. Three conclusions were: The industry has become more mature and stable in the past five years after experiencing a significant influx in 1966-76 period. Larger firms have increased in importance and have a competitive advantage over small firms. Variable costs per mile are an important part of total costs.
Three-component fractional quantum Hall effect in topological flat bands
Creators: name: Zeng, Tian-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the many-body ground states of three-component quantum particles in two prototypical topological lattice models under strong intercomponent and intracomponent repulsions. At band filling $ν=3/4$ for hardcore bosons, we demonstrate the emergence of three-component fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effect characterized by the $\mathbf{K}$ matrix, through exact diagonalization study of four-fold quasidegenerate ground states with a robust spectrum gap and the combined density-matrix renormalization group calculation of fractional drag charge pumping. Further we formulate the topological characterization of FQH states of three-component Bose-Fermi mixtures at various fillings by the $\mathbf{K}$ matrix. At last we discuss the possible generalization of our approach to identify non-Abelian three-component spin-singlet FQH states.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures; revised version
NON-AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN THE UNITED STATES: ROLES, DIFFICULTIES, AND PROSPECTS
Creators: name: Bhuyan, Sanjib
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Cobia, David W.
name: Bhuyan, Sanjib
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Cobia, David W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: non-agricultural cooperatives
subject: formation
subject: operation
subject: factors affecting success

description: A wide variety of cooperatives outside the agricultural sector have been playing an important role in the nation's rural and urban areas by providing housing for the elderly and poor, affordable health care, child care, and education. These firms may constitute both business models that reduce the cost of operating a business and effective community development models that forge cooperation among local government and communities. However, limited information is available about how these non-agricultural cooperatives operate, how they were formed, or what are their problems or difficulties as non-traditional cooperatives. This study of 162 randomly selected non-agricultural cooperatives across the United States attempts to answer these questions and finds that even this small sample of non-agricultural cooperatives played an important role in various sectors of the nation's economy (e.g., retail), serving slightly less than half a million members in 1996. Most of these non-agricultural cooperatives had been in business for over 30 years, showing their tenacity in today's highly competitive world. Most of these cooperatives were professionally managed. While raising equity was the most difficult problem during their formation stage, competition in their major market (trade) area was the most difficult current problem. The problem of balancing the interests of cooperative members was a major problem for these non-agricultural cooperatives. According to these non-agricultural cooperatives, training and education of the cooperative board of directors, management, and employees is an important factor for cooperative success.
Integrability in Gravity from Chern-Simons Theory
Creators: name: Cole, Lewis T.
name: Weck, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a new perspective on integrability in theories of gravity. We show how the stationary, axisymmetric sector of General Relativity can be described by the boundary dynamics of a four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory. This approach shows promise for simplifying solution generating methods in both General Relativity and higher-dimensional supergravity theories. The four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory presented generalises those for flat space integrable models by introducing a space-time dependent branch cut in the spectral plane. We also make contact with twistor space approaches to integrability, showing how the branch cut defects of four-dimensional Chern-Simons theory arise from a discrete reduction of six-dimensional Chern-Simons theory.
description: 41 pages
Fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of a single molecule
Creators: name: Jana, Sanchayeeta
name: Durst, Simon
name: Lippitz, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful method that avoids ensemble averaging, but its temporal resolution is limited by the fluorescence lifetime to nanoseconds at most. At the ensemble level, two-dimensional spectroscopy provides insight into ultrafast femtosecond processes such as energy transfer and line broadening, even beyond the Fourier limit, by correlating pump and probe spectra. Here, we combine these two techniques and demonstrate 2D spectroscopy of individual molecules at room temperature using the example of dibenzoterrylene (DBT) in a polymer matrix. We excite the molecule in a confocal microscope with a phase-modulated train of femtosecond pulses and detect the emitted fluorescence with single-photon counting detectors. Using a phase sensitive detection scheme, we were able to measure the nonlinear 2D spectra of most of the DBT molecules we studied. Our method is applicable to a wide range of single emitters and opens new avenues for understanding energy transfer in single quantum objects on ultrafast time scales.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
886: James 'Jim' Miller
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: James Miller, son of Maggie McLean Nimmo (1863-1943) and James Miller (c.1863-1950) of Maybole, Ayrshire, was a dispatch rider with the 51st Signal Company of the Royal Engineers. He died in 1917 from wounds probably received at the Battle of Arras. His nieces called him 'Uncle Jim' although they never knew him. He was buried in France, but his nieces put flowers on the family grave in Maybole in his memory every year on 16 May the anniversary of the date he died.
Economic and Environmental Effects of Agricultural Management Decisions in the Lower Sheyenne River Basin
Creators: name: Ehni, Rodney J.
name: Nelson, William C.
name: Ehni, Rodney J.
name: Nelson, William C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Farm Management
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Land use and water quality are two topics which individually receive much attention, yet are very interdependent. The purpose of this report is to analyze the relationship between land use and water quality and evaluate the economic consequences of this relationship.
Phenomenological emergent dark energy in the light of DESI Data Release 1
Creators: name: Hernández-Almada, A.
name: Mendoza-Martínez, M. L.
name: García-Aspeitia, Miguel A.
name: Motta, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This manuscript revisits the phenomenological emergent dark energy model (PEDE) by confronting it with recent cosmological data from early and late times. In particular we analyze PEDE model by using the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements coming from both Dark Energy Spectroscopy Instrument (DESI) data release 1 and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Additionally, the measurements from cosmic chronometers, supernovae type Ia (Pantheon+), quasars, hydrogen II galaxies and cosmic background radiation distance priors are considered. By performing a Bayesian analysis based on Monte Carlo Markov Chain, we find consistent results on the constraints when SDSS and DESI are considered. However, we find higher values on the Hubble constant than Supernova $H_0$ for the Equation of State (SH0ES) does although it is still in agreement, within $1σ$ confidence level, when BAO measurements are added. Furthermore, we estimate the age of the Universe younger $\sim3\%$ than the one predicted by the standard cosmology. Additionally, we report values of $q_0 = -0.771^{+0.007}_{-0.007}$, $z_T = 0.764^{+0.011}_{-0.011}$ for the deceleration parameter today and the deceleration-acceleration transition redshift, respectively. However, PEDE cosmology is disfavoured by the combined samples.
description: Version accepted in Physics of the Dark Universe
894: James 'Jim' Clark Davis (photograph; card)
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: James Clark Davis (known as 'Jim') enlisted on 24 April 1915 on the eve of the launch of the Gallipoli campaign. The Royal Scots Fusiliers were the Ayrshire county regiment and Jim (from Maybole) joined the 2/5th battalion, later transferring to the 1/5th. Before joining up Jim had been in a shooting team so had some experience with firearms. His first posting would be to Gallipoli and he served eight months there before troops withdrew to Egypt after failing to take Constantinople. On 13 November 1917 Jim was injured in his left calf by a gun-shot, and was admitted to Kantara Field Hospital on 22. He was transferred to the General Hospital at Cairo on 29 and then to Polygon Convalescent home.

It is likely that he was wounded during the Battle of Mughar Ridge. The 52nd (Lowland) Division, which included 1/5th Royal Scots Fusiliers commanded by Lieutenant Colonel J B Cook, led the assault on the village of Mughar. From Jim’s battalion there were 20 casualties and 66 wounded. In March 1918 James he was transferred to the Royal Scots (classified as ‘A2’ so unfit for front-line service) where he served in the Labour Corp until the end of the war. James was posted to the Western Front, where the Germans had launched the Spring Offensive, but was able to return back to Scotland to marry Isabella (‘Isa’) McClymont on 1 July 1918. Jim was discharged from the army in March 1919.
Margull, Hans-Jochen, Theologie der missionarischen Verkündigung
Creators: name: Wieske, Günter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 9 Nr. 3 (1960): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 9, Heft 3
Artificial two-dimensional polar metal by charge transfer to a ferroelectric insulator
Creators: name: Zhou, W. X.
name: Wu, H. J.
name: Zhou, J.
name: Zeng, S. W.
name: Li, C. J.
name: Li, M. S.
name: Guo, R.
name: Xiao, J. X.
name: Huang, Z.
name: Lv, W. M.
name: Han, K.
name: Yang, P.
name: Li, C. G.
name: Lim, Z. S.
name: Wang, H.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Chua, S. J.
name: Zeng, K. Y.
name: Venkatesan, T.
name: Chen, J. S.
name: Feng, Y. P.
name: Pennycook, S. J.
name: Ariando, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrating multiple properties in a single system is crucial for the continuous developments in electronic devices. However, some physical properties are mutually exclusive in nature. Here, we report the coexistence of two seemingly mutually exclusive properties-polarity and two-dimensional conductivity-in ferroelectric Ba$_{0.2}$Sr$_{0.8}$TiO$_3$ thin films at the LaAlO$_3$/Ba$_{0.2}$Sr$_{0.8}$TiO$_3$ interface at room temperature. The polarity of a ~3.2 nm Ba$_{0.2}$Sr$_{0.8}$TiO$_3$ thin film is preserved with a two-dimensional mobile carrier density of ~0.05 electron per unit cell. We show that the electronic reconstruction resulting from the competition between the built-in electric field of LaAlO$_3$ and the polarization of Ba$_{0.2}$Sr$_{0.8}$TiO$_3$ is responsible for this unusual two-dimensional conducting polar phase. The general concept of exploiting mutually exclusive properties at oxide interfaces via electronic reconstruction may be applicable to other strongly-correlated oxide interfaces, thus opening windows to new functional nanoscale materials for applications in novel nanoelectronics.
description: Main text: 25 pages, 4 figures Supplementary note: 19 pages, 11 figures
Silicon and Nickel Enrichment in Planet-Host Stars: Observations and Implications for the Core-Accretion Theory of Planet Formation
Creators: name: Robinson, Sarah E.
name: Laughlin, Gregory
name: Bodenheimer, Peter
name: Fischer, Debra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence that stars with planets exhibit statistically significant silicon and nickel enrichment over the general metal-rich population. We also present simulations which predict silicon enhancement of planet hosts within the context of the core-accretion hypothesis for giant planet formation. Because silicon and oxygen are both alpha elements, [Si/Fe] traces [O/Fe], so the silicon enhancement in planet hosts predicts that these stars are oxygen-rich as well. We present new numerical simulations of planet formation by core accretion that establish the timescale on which a Jovian planet reaches rapid gas accretion, t_rga, as a function of solid surface density sigma_solid: (t_rga / 1 Myr) = (sigma_solid / 25.0 g cm^{-2})^{-1.44}. This relation enables us to construct Monte Carlo simulations that predict the fraction of star-disk systems that form planets as a function of [Fe/H], [Si/Fe], disk mass, outer disk radius and disk lifetime. Our simulations reproduce both the known planet-metallicity correlation and the planet-silicon correlation reported in this paper. The simulations predict that 16% of Solar-type stars form Jupiter-mass planets, in agreement with 12% predicted from extrapolation of the observed planet frequency-semimajor axis distribution. Although a simple interpretation of core accretion predicts that the planet-silicon correlation should be much stronger than the planet-nickel correlation, we observe the same degree of silicon and nickel enhancement in planet hosts. If this result persists once more planets have been discovered, it might indicate a complexity in the chemistry of planet formation beyond the simple accumulation of solids in the core accretion theory.
description: 45 pages, including 12 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Re-thinking the common law of defamation : striking a new balance between freedom of expression and the protection of the individual’s reputation
Creators: name: Bayer, Carolin Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Reputational interests are protected against defamatory and injurious statements by the common law o f defamation, which permits the targeted individual to recover damages for the injury to his reputation. At the same time, this body of common law sets limits to the constitutional right to free expression of the person who made the penalized communication. However, since s.32(l) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - according to the Supreme Court of Canada - restricts the Charter's application to the actions of legislative, executive and administrative branches of government, the Charter will be at best a bit player in defamation litigation governed by common law rule. This thesis deals with the tension between promoting free speech and protecting a person's reputation, i.e. with the questions whether the common law of defamation has achieved the correct balance between the protection of the individual's reputation and freedom of expression, or whether it needs to be modified in order to better accord with the Charter. A n important component of this thesis is its review of the decision of Hill v. Church of Scientology, where the Supreme Court of Canada addressed the question of whether defamation law needs to be reconsidered in light o f the Charter protection of free expression, and found the balance struck by the current law to be appropriate. A critical look at this decision, and more generally at the law of defamation itself, particularly its presumptions of falsity, malice and damages, will reveal the problems with the common law's resistance to making any major allowance for free expression. The author will argue that the Charter should apply to the common law in the same way as it applies to statutory law and that defamation law in particular would, in all probability, not survive the test under s.l of the Charter, concerning the justification of a limitation to a fundamental right. It will be concluded that the common law of defamation needs to be modified, i.e. that it must accord significantly more weight to freedom of expression in order to be consistent with the Charter. Insofar as the extent of such modification is concerned, the author will propose first of all to give the element of fault a more significant role in the common law of defamation. In addition, she will argue that the common law presumptions should be abolished. In sum, the author's reform proposal requires the plaintiff to prove not only that the words he complains of are defamatory, identify him and are published to a third person, but also that they are false, did indeed cause damage to his reputation and that the defendant acted with fault, i.e. intentionally or negligently, when publishing the defamatory falsehoods.
CFD-based Shape Optimization of Structured Packings for Enhancing Separation Efficiency in Distillation
Creators: name: Blauth, Sebastian
name: Stucke, Dennis
name: Ashour, Mohamed Adel
name: Schnebele, Johannes
name: Grützner, Thomas
name: Leithäuser, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Free-form shape optimization techniques are investigated to improve the separation efficiency of structured packings in laboratory-scale distillation columns. A simplified simulation model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the mass transfer in the distillation column is used and a corresponding shape optimization problem is formulated. The goal of the optimization is to increase the mass transfer in the column by changing the packing's shape, which has been previously used as criterion for increasing the separation efficiency of the column. The computational shape optimization yields promising results, with an increased mass transfer of nearly 20 %. For validation, the resulting optimized shape is additively manufactured using 3D-printing and investigated experimentally. The experimental results are in good agreement with the performance improvement predicted by the computational model, yielding an increase in separation efficiency of around 20 %.
The Economics of Sheep Production in North Dakota
Creators: name: Brignone, Jorge L.
name: Petry, Timothy A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Brignone, Jorge L.
name: Petry, Timothy A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Production Economics

description: This report represents a continuation in investigating factors that influence the economics of livestock production in North Dakota.
897: Giant Knitted Poppy
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: The object is 4m square and is made up of 1568 4 inch knitted and crocheted squares representing each day of the war. It has been made by men, women and children all over the country who visited craft shows run by ICHF Events and managed by three women known as Grans on the Make. Contributors also posted squares to us in their dozens.
Kaon production and propagation at intermediate relativistic energies
Creators: name: Larionov, A. B.
name: Mosel, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically study $K^+$ observables in nucleus-nucleus collisions at 1-2 A GeV within the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) transport model. We compare our calculations with the KaoS data on the kaon multiplicities and spectra. In addition, the kaon collective flow is computed and compared with the FOPI and KaoS data. We show, that the elliptic kaon flow measured recently by the KaoS Collaboration is best described by using the Brown-Rho parametrization of the kaon potential ($U_K(ρ_0) \simeq 30$ MeV).
description: 21 pages, 3 tables, 17 figures; references added; version accepted in PRC
Orbit determination for standard-like maps: asymptotic expansion of the confidence region in regular zones
Creators: name: Marò, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We deal with the orbit determination problem for a class of maps of the cylinder generalizing the Chirikov standard map. The problem consists of determining the initial conditions and other parameters of an orbit from some observations. A solution to this problem goes back to Gauss and leads to the least squares method. Since the observations admit errors, the solution comes with a confidence region describing the uncertainty of the solution itself. We study the behavior of the confidence region in the case of a simultaneous increase of the number of observations and the time span over which they are performed. More precisely, we describe the geometry of the confidence region for solutions in regular zones. We prove an estimate of the trend of the uncertainties in a set of positive measure of the phase space, made of invariant curve. Our result gives an analytical proof of some known numerical evidences.
String Gas Cosmology
Creators: name: Battefeld, Thorsten
name: Watson, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a critical review and summary of String Gas Cosmology. We include a pedagogical derivation of the effective action starting from string theory, emphasizing the necessary approximations that must be invoked. Working in the effective theory, we demonstrate that at late-times it is not possible to stabilize the extra dimensions by a gas of massive string winding modes. We then consider additional string gases that contain so-called enhanced symmetry states. These string gases are very heavy initially, but drive the moduli to locations that minimize the energy and pressure of the gas. We consider both classical and quantum gas dynamics, where in the former the validity of the theory is questionable and some fine-tuning is required, but in the latter we find a consistent and promising stabilization mechanism that is valid at late-times. In addition, we find that string gases provide a framework to explore dark matter, presenting alternatives to $Λ$CDM as recently considered by Gubser and Peebles. We also discuss quantum trapping with string gases as a method for including dynamics on the string landscape.
description: 55 pages, 1 figure, minor corrections, version to appear in Reviews of Modern Physics
Strictly convex drawings of planar graphs
Creators: name: Barany, Imre
name: Rote, Guenter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; G.2.2

description: Every three-connected planar graph with n vertices has a drawing on an O(n^2) x O(n^2) grid in which all faces are strictly convex polygons. These drawings are obtained by perturbing (not strictly) convex drawings on O(n) x O(n) grids. More generally, a strictly convex drawing exists on a grid of size O(W) x O(n^4/W), for any choice of a parameter W in the range n
description: 20 pages, 13 figures. to be published in Documenta Mathematica. The revision includes numerous small additions, corrections, and improvements, in particular: - a discussion of the constants in the O-notation, after the statement of thm.1. - a different set-up and clarification of the case distinction for Lemma 1
Lattice QCD Constraints on Hybrid and Quark Stars
Creators: name: Ivanov, Yu. B.
name: Khvorostukhin, A. S.
name: Kolomeitsev, E. E.
name: Skokov, V. V.
name: Toneev, V. D.
name: Voskresensky, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A QCD-motivated dynamical-quasiparticle model with parameters adjusted to reproduce the lattice-QCD equation of state is extrapolated from region of high temperatures and moderate baryonic densities to the domain of high baryonic densities and zero temperature. The resulting equation of state matched with realistic hadronic equations of state predicts a phase transition into the quark phase at higher densities than those reachable in neutron star interiors. This excludes the possibility of the existence of hybrid (hadron-quark) stars. Pure quark stars are possible and have low masses, small radii and very high central densities. Similar results are obtained for a simple bag model with massive quarks, fitted to reproduce the same lattice results. Self-bound quark matter is also excluded within these models. Uncertainties in the present extrapolation re discussed. Comparison with standard bag models is made.
description: 13 p., 8 figs., 7 tables, Version accepted by Phys. Rev. C
809: Autograph Book 1916 (R Day)
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: The autograph book was my grandmother's. At the time I believe she was a cook at Holly Trees in Colchester. She collected a number of autographs from family, friends and soldiers who were in Colchester in 1916. I have over the years tried to trace the soldiers without much luck.
A nonlinear model of vortex-induced forces on an oscillating cylinder in a fluid flow
Creators: name: Decuyper, Jan
name: De Troyer, Tim
name: Tiels, Koen
name: Schoukens, Johan
name: Runacres, Mark C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A nonlinear model relating the imposed motion of a circular cylinder, submerged in a fluid flow, to the transverse force coefficient is presented. The nonlinear fluid system, featuring vortex shedding patterns, limit cycle oscillations and synchronisation, is studied both for swept sine and multisine excitation. A nonparametric nonlinear distortion analysis (FAST) is used to distinguish odd from even nonlinear behaviour. The information which is obtained from the nonlinear analysis is explicitly used in constructing a nonlinear model of the polynomial nonlinear state-space (PNLSS) type. The latter results in a reduction of the number of parameters and an increased accuracy compared to the generic modelling approach where typically no such information of the nonlinearity is used. The obtained model is able to accurately simulate time series of the transverse force coefficient over a wide range of the frequency-amplitude plane of imposed cylinder motion.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Fluids and Structures
TRANSITION AND REFORM OF CHINA'S AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM TOWARD A MARKET-ORIENTED ECONOMY: LESSONS FROM THE TAIWAN EXPERIENCE
Creators: name: Sun, Paul M.H.
name: Knutson, Ronald D.
name: Lee, Yuan-Ho
name: Sun, Paul M.H.
name: Knutson, Ronald D.
name: Lee, Yuan-Ho
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: As China proceeds through the process of economic development to an industrialized economy, its agriculture will undergo substantial stress and structural change. China may be able to effectively utilize the experiences of Taiwan agriculture and its policies in adjusting to change. These policies and their impacts are explained in this working paper.
Noncommutative Ward's Conjecture and Integrable Systems
Creators: name: Hamanaka, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noncommutative Ward's conjecture is a noncommutative version of the original Ward's conjecture which says that almost all integrable equations can be obtained from anti-self-dual Yang-Mills equations by reduction. In this paper, we prove that wide class of noncommutative integrable equations in both (2+1)- and (1+1)-dimensions are actually reductions of noncommutative anti-self-dual Yang-Mills equations with finite gauge groups, which include noncommutative versions of Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff eq., Zakharov system, Ward's chiral and topological chiral models, (modified) Korteweg-de Vries, Non-Linear Schroedinger, Boussinesq, N-wave, (affine) Toda, sine-Gordon, Liouville, Tzitzeica, (Ward's) harmonic map eqs., and so on. This would guarantee existence of twistor description of them and the corresponding physical situations in N=2 string theory, and lead to fruitful applications to noncommutative integrable systems and string theories. Some integrable aspects of them are also discussed.
description: 29 pages, LaTeX; v2: reduction to NC Tzitzeica modified, minor changes
A practical approach to calculating magnetic Johnson noise for precision measurements
Creators: name: Phan, N. S.
name: Clayton, S. M.
name: Kim, Y. J.
name: Ito, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic Johnson noise is an important consideration for many applications involving precision magnetometry, and its significance will only increase in the future with improvements in measurement sensitivity. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem can be utilized to derive analytic expressions for magnetic Johnson noise in certain situations. But when used in conjunction with finite element analysis tools, the combined approach is particularly powerful as it provides a practical means to calculate the magnetic Johnson noise arising from conductors of arbitrary geometry and permeability. In this paper, we demonstrate this method to be one of the most comprehensive approaches presently available to calculate thermal magnetic noise. In particular, its applicability is shown to not be limited to cases where the noise is evaluated at a point in space but also can be expanded to include cases where the magnetic field detector has a more general shape, such as a finite size loop, a gradiometer, or a detector that consists of a polarized atomic species trapped in a volume. Furthermore, some physics insights gained through studies made using this method are discussed
ASSESSING IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON ABORIGINAL PEOPLE: AN ECONOMIC EXAMINATION OF SUBSISTENCE RESOURCE USE AND VALUE
Creators: name: Dosman, Donna
name: Haener, Michel K.
name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
name: Marois, Juanita
name: Boxall, Peter C.
name: Dosman, Donna
name: Haener, Michel K.
name: Adamowicz, Wiktor L.
name: Marois, Juanita
name: Boxall, Peter C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The report describes the research design, data collection and preliminary analysis of an economic assessment of non-timber resource use by Aboriginal People in Northwest Saskatchewan. The project is designed to develop methods of valuing resource use by Aboriginal People so that these values can be incorporated into forest resource management decisions and to evaluate the impact of forest management actions on the economic well-being of Aboriginal People living in the region. Data on non-timber resource use are collected and spatially explicit economic models are developed in order to construct estimates of behavioral change and value associated with changes in the environment and landscape (through forestry, access, or other landscape changes).
832: Autograph Book 1916 (J R Bartlett)
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: The autograph book was my grandmother's. At the time I believe she was a cook at Holly Trees in Colchester. She collected a number of autographs from family, friends and soldiers who were in Colchester in 1916. I have over the years tried to trace the soldiers without much luck.