cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Food Assistance Landscape: FY 2015 Annual Report
Creators: name: Oliveira, Victor
name: Oliveira, Victor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Public Economics
subject: Food assistance
subject: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
subject: SNAP
subject: school lunch
subject: school breakfast
subject: Child and Adult Care Food Program
subject: food insecurity
subject: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children
subject: WIC

description: This report uses preliminary data from USDA, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) to examine trends in U.S. food and nutrition assistance programs through fiscal 2015 (October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015) and USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) data to examine trends in the prevalence and severity of household food insecurity in the United States through 2014.
Time-dependent Probability Density Functions and Information Geometry in the Fusion L-H Transition
Creators: name: Kim, Eun-jin
name: Hollerbach, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a first study of time-dependent Probability Density Functions (PDFs) in the Low-to- High confinement mode (L-H) transition by extending the previous prey-predator-type model (Kim & Diamond, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 185006, 2003) to a stochastic model. We highlight the limited utility of mean value and variance in understanding the L-H transition by showing strongly non-Gaussian PDFs, with the number of peaks changing in time. We also propose a new information geometric method by using information length, dynamical time scale, and information phase portrait, and show their utility in forecasting transitions and self-regulation between turbulence and zonal flows. In particular, we demonstrate the importance of intermittency (rare events of large amplitude) of zonal flows that can play an important role in promoting the L-H transition.
description: 5 figures, 6 pages
The Holo-Transcriptome of a Calcified Early Branching Metazoan
Creators: name: Germer, Juliane
name: Cerveau, Nicolas
name: Jackson, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2017

description: djackso@uni-goettingen.de Specialty section: This article was submitted to Aquatic Microbiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Marine Science Received: 31 October 2016 Accepted: 10 March 2017 Published: 28 March 2017 Citation: Germer J, Cerveau N and Jackson DJ (2017) The Holo-Transcriptome of a Calcified Early Branching Metazoan. Front. Mar. Sci. 4:81. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00081 The Holo-Transcriptome of a Calcified Early Branching Metazoan Juliane Germer, Nicolas Cerveau and Daniel J. Jackson* Department of Geobiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Symbiotic interactions are widespread throughout the animal kingdom and are increasingly recognized as an important trait that can shape the evolution of a species. Sponges are widely understood to be the earliest branching clade of metazoans and often contain dense, diverse yet specific microbial communities which can constitute up to 50% of their biomass. These bacterial communities fulfill diverse functions influencing the sponge’s physiology and ecology, and may have greatly contributed to the evolutionary success of the Porifera. Here we have analyzed and characterized the holo-transcriptome of the hypercalcifying demosponge Vaceletia sp. and compare it to other sponge transcriptomic and genomic data. Vaceletia sp. harbors a diverse and abundant microbial community; by identifying the underlying molecular mechanism of a variety of lipid pathway components we show that the sponge seems to rely on the supply of short chain fatty acids by its bacterial community. Comparisons to other sponges reveal that this dependency may be more pronounced in sponges with an abundant microbial community. Furthermore, the presence of bacterial polyketide synthase genes suggests bacteria are the producers of Vaceletia’s abundant mid-chain branched fatty acids, whereas demospongic acids may be produced by the sponge host via elongation and desaturation of short-chain precursors. We show that the sponge and its microbial community have the molecular tools to interact through different mechanisms including the sponge’s immune system, and the presence of eukaryotic-like proteins in bacteria. These results expand our knowledge of the complex gene repertoire of sponges and show the importance of metabolic interactions between sponges and their endobiotic microbial communities.
description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2017
MARKUP AND PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION IN THE GERMAN BREWING SECTOR
Creators: name: Karagiannis, Giannis
name: Kellermann, Magnus
name: Pröll, Simon
name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Karagiannis, Giannis
name: Kellermann, Magnus
name: Pröll, Simon
name: Salhofer, Klaus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Production Economics
subject: markup
subject: product differentiation
subject: monopolistic competition
subject: Germany
subject: beer

description: In this paper we provide a method to separate the markup from product differentiation from other sources of market power, i.e. collusive behavior or market intransparency, based on the estimation of a single reduced form equation. We apply this method to a sample of 118 German breweries, since beer is a differentiated product and at the same time the sector has repeatedly been subject to collusive behavior. Our empirical results show that the “general” markup goes beyond the markup from product differentiation, but the latter accounts for most of the deviation of prices from marginal costs. Moreover, typically for a market with monopolistic competition, we observe average costs above marginal costs and, hence, a high markup does not necessarily translate into a high a profit margin.
Summary Talk on Quark-Hadron Duality
Creators: name: Hoyer, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I ascribe the origin of Bloom-Gilman duality in DIS to a separation of scales between the hard subprocess and soft resonance formation. The success of duality indicates that the subprocesses of exclusive form factors are the same as in DIS. The observed dominance of the longitudinal structure function at large x in πN \to μ^+μ^- X can explain why local duality works for DIS with a pion target. The failure of duality in semi-exclusive processes indicates that high momentum transfer t is not sufficient to make the corresponding subprocesses compact.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Summary talk at the First Workshop on Quark-Hadron Duality and the Transition to pQCD, Frascati, 6-8 June 2005
Additional file 1 of School-based interventions for promoting food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) in elementary school children: a systematic review protocol
Creators: name: Doustmohammadian, Azam
name: Omidvar, Nasrin
name: Shakibazadeh, Elham
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA-P 2015 Checklist.
Dielectric Anisotropy and Optical Transitions.pdf
Creators: name: Debnath, Sanjay
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Engineering electromagnetics

description: Similar to thermodynamic phase transitions in matter, readily apparent changes in optical response arise in the transition from isotropic to anisotropic optical phases. Treating the anisotropy of the dielectric permittivity as a control parameter, which changes continuously from zero to a nonzero finite value at the transition, in this work we describe the resulting effect on light propagation.
 We begin by investigating a simple case of the manifestations of such optical transition in lossy media. In the presence of loss, isotropic materials do not support Brewster phenomenon, however, if one changes the anisotropy continuously, the exact zero in the reflection at the Brewster incidence angle is recovered. Next, in the case of uniaxial anisotropy, we uncover dramatic changes in far-field thermal radiation induced by the transitions between metal, dielectric, and hyperbolic optical regimes that can be observed in the same material. We demonstrate that continuous evolution between different ''phases'' in the electromagnetic response imprints a characteristic signature in the far-field thermal emission. Finally, we show that the evolution of the optical anisotropy from uniaxial to biaxial symmetry brings qualitatively new optical modes which are different from the conventional propagating and evanescent fields. These emergent ''ghost'' waves offer a unique way to control mode interactions in optical systems. Our work uncovers the connection between the macroscopic properties of the optical materials and the transitions between different regimes of the electromagnetic response in these media. At last, we propose a range of potential applications of the resulting phenomena, from perfect absorption in lossy media to thermal radiation and optical sensing.
Beyond the MSW effect: Neutrinos in a dense medium
Creators: name: Capolupo, Antonio
name: Giampaolo, Salvatore Marco
name: Quaranta, Aniello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81V15, 81V25

description: We present a theory of neutrino oscillations in a dense medium which goes beyond the effective matter potential used in the description of the MSW effect. We show how the purity of the neutrino state is degraded by neutrino interactions with the environment and how neutrino--matter interactions can be a source of decoherence. We present new oscillation formulae for neutrinos interacting with leptons and carry out a numerical analysis which exhibits deviations from the MSW formulae for propagation through the Earth of ultra-high energy neutrinos. In particular, we show that at high density and/or high neutrino energy, the vanishing transition probabilities derived for MSW effect, are non zero when the scattering is taken into account.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Gegenwart und Zukunft der Milch-Lieferbeziehungen aus Sicht Deutscher Landwirte
Creators: name: Petersen, Julian
name: Hess, Sebastian
name: Petersen, Julian
name: Hess, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Lieferbeziehungen
subject: Genossenschaften
subject: Choice Experimente
subject: Milchpaket
subject: Agrarpolitik

description: Die Lieferbeziehungen zwischen Milcherzeugern und Molkereien in Deutschland sind möglicher Weise nur eingeschränkt geeignet, um Preissignale in ein entsprechendes Mengen-Management zu überführen. Dies ist einer der Gründe, warum eine staatliche Reformierung der Lieferbeziehungen immer wieder gefordert wird. Es ist jedoch nur wenig über die Präferenzen deutscher Milcherzeuger im Hinblick die von Ihnen bevorzugten Attribute eines möglichen Milchliefervertrags bekannt. Zufällig ausgewählte Landwirte in unterschiedlichen deutschen Regionen wurden daher zu diesem Thema befragt. Anhand von Choice-Experimenten wurden ihre Präferenzen hinsichtlich unterschiedlicher Vertragsattribute wie Laufzeit, Preisfindung, Kündigungsfrist und Mengenregelung bestimmt, indem ein Random Parameter Logit Modell geschätzt wurde. Ergebnisse verweisen auf starke regionale Heterogenität. Insgesamt wünschen sich größere Milcherzeuger eher vertragliche Lösungen, während kleine und mittlere Betriebe eher am typischen genossenschaftlichen Liefersystem festhalten wollen. Die meisten Landwirte wünschen sich jedoch kürzere Kündigungsfristen ihrer Molkerei, und Milcherzeuger in ostdeutschen Bundesländern lehnen das typische genossenschaftliche Liefersystem deutlich häufiger ab als Befragte in Westdeutschland.
Evidence of many thermodynamic states of the three-dimensional Ising spin glass
Creators: name: Wang, Wenlong
name: Wallin, Mats
name: Lidmar, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a large-scale simulation of the three-dimensional Ising spin glass with Gaussian disorder to low temperatures and large sizes using optimized population annealing Monte Carlo. Our primary focus is investigating the number of pure states regarding a controversial statistic, characterizing the fraction of centrally peaked disorder instances, of the overlap function order parameter. We observe that this statistic is subtly and sensitively influenced by the slight fluctuations of the integrated central weight of the disorder-averaged overlap function, making the asymptotic growth behaviour very difficult to identify. Modified statistics effectively reducing this correlation are studied and essentially monotonic growth trends are obtained. The effect of temperature is also studied, finding a larger growth rate at a higher temperature. Our state-of-the-art simulation and variance reduction data analysis suggest that the many pure state picture is most likely and coherent.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Anwendung der Prozesskostenrechnung im Ackerbau
Creators: name: Feil, Jan-Henning
name: Wendt, Thilo
name: Feil, Jan-Henning
name: Wendt, Thilo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Prozesskostenrechnung
subject: Controlling
subject: Landwirtschaft
subject: Ackerbau
subject: Arbeitserledigungskosten

description: In diesem Beitrag wird eine Prozesskostenrechnung (PKR) für die Landwirtschaft entwickelt und diese auf drei exemplarischen Ackerbaubetrieben angewendet. Hierdurch wird, im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen, in der Landwirtschaft verwendeten Kostenrechnungssystemen, eine verursachungsgerechte Verrechnung der Arbeitserledigungskosten ermöglicht. Die Anwendung zeigt, dass eine Anwendung der PKR unter Zuhilfenahme der einzelbetrieblichen Daten einer Farmmanagementsoftware im Ackerbau möglich und praktikabel ist. Erstmalig können hierdurch die Arbeitserledigungskosten den sie verursachenden Prozessen und, darüber hinaus, anschließend den einzelnen Früchten als Kostenträger zugeordnet worden.
Additional file 2 of Contact characteristics and factors associated with the degree of urgency among older people in emergency primary health care: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Haraldseide, Lisa Marie
name: Sortland, Linn Solveig
name: Hunskaar, Steinar
name: Morken, Tone
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Age and sex differences within mode of contact and first response initiated.
Euler's constant, q-logarithms, and formulas of Ramanujan and Gosper
Creators: name: Sondow, Jonathan
name: Zudilin, Wadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11Y60; Secondary 11J72, 33C20, 33D15

description: The aim of the paper is to relate computational and arithmetic questions about Euler's constant $γ$ with properties of the values of the $q$-logarithm function, with natural choice of $q$. By these means, we generalize a classical formula for $γ$ due to Ramanujan, together with Vacca's and Gosper's series for $γ$, as well as deduce irrationality criteria and tests and new asymptotic formulas for computing Euler's constant. The main tools are Euler-type integrals and hypergeometric series.
description: AmSTeX, 24 pages, submitted for publication
Exposure to Digital Banking “A Cutomers Prospective”
Creators: name: choudhary, kamna R
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 350299
subject: Banking, finance and investment not elsewhere classified

description: Banking sector is the backbone of any economy. For being in the race of successful economy it is vital to be equipped with technology in order to sustain in the market and give global level competition. In India digitization in banking was introduced by ICICI in year 1996 and later on followed by various public and private sector players. At present all the banks are providing online banking facilities to their customer to delight their banking experience. We can do any of the banking transactions and can get any information about our bank a/c on a just click of mouse. Due to world pandemic Covid-19 the full world are forced to shift from offline to online for all their work and Indian banking is not an exception. We all witnessed the drastic change in Indian economy due to the introduction of digitization in banking. At present no. of platforms available for online transaction like UPI, pay-tm, phone pay, online baking etc. The present study is based on the online banking facilities available for customer in India. It is based on customers experience about their digital transaction. The study is based on primary data collected from different bank customers. Results and interpretation is based on the view of customers.
The Sail-Backed Reptile Ctenosauriscus from the Latest Early Triassic of Germany and the Timing and Biogeography of the Early Archosaur Radiation
Creators: name: Butler, Richard J.
name: Brusatte, Stephen L.
name: Reich, Mike
name: Nesbitt, Sterling J.
name: Schoch, Rainer R.
name: Hornung, Jahn J.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2011

description: Background Archosaurs (birds, crocodilians and their extinct relatives including dinosaurs) dominated Mesozoic continental ecosystems from the Late Triassic onwards, and still form a major component of modern ecosystems (>10,000 species). The earliest diverse archosaur faunal assemblages are known from the Middle Triassic (c. 244 Ma), implying that the archosaur radiation began in the Early Triassic (252.3–247.2 Ma). Understanding of this radiation is currently limited by the poor early fossil record of the group in terms of skeletal remains. Methodology/Principal Findings We redescribe the anatomy and stratigraphic position of the type specimen of Ctenosauriscus koeneni (Huene), a sail-backed reptile from the Early Triassic (late Olenekian) Solling Formation of northern Germany that potentially represents the oldest known archosaur. We critically discuss previous biomechanical work on the ‘sail’ of Ctenosauriscus, which is formed by a series of elongated neural spines. In addition, we describe Ctenosauriscus-like postcranial material from the earliest Middle Triassic (early Anisian) Röt Formation of Waldhaus, southwestern Germany. Finally, we review the spatial and temporal distribution of the earliest archosaur fossils and their implications for understanding the dynamics of the archosaur radiation. Conclusions/Significance Comprehensive numerical phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that both Ctenosauriscus and the Waldhaus taxon are members of a monophyletic grouping of poposauroid archosaurs, Ctenosauriscidae, characterised by greatly elongated neural spines in the posterior cervical to anterior caudal vertebrae. The earliest archosaurs, including Ctenosauriscus, appear in the body fossil record just prior to the Olenekian/Anisian boundary (c. 248 Ma), less than 5 million years after the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. These earliest archosaur assemblages are dominated by ctenosauriscids, which were broadly distributed across northern Pangea and which appear to have been the first global radiation of archosaurs.
Evolution of the ROOT Tree I/O
Creators: name: Blomer, Jakob
name: Canal, Philippe
name: Naumann, Axel
name: Piparo, Danilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: E.2; J.2

description: The ROOT TTree data format encodes hundreds of petabytes of High Energy and Nuclear Physics events. Its columnar layout drives rapid analyses, as only those parts ("branches") that are really used in a given analysis need to be read from storage. Its unique feature is the seamless C++ integration, which allows users to directly store their event classes without explicitly defining data schemas. In this contribution, we present the status and plans of the future ROOT 7 event I/O. Along with the ROOT 7 interface modernization, we aim for robust, where possible compile-time safe C++ interfaces to read and write event data. On the performance side, we show first benchmarks using ROOT's new experimental I/O subsystem that combines the best of TTrees with recent advances in columnar data formats. A core ingredient is a strong separation of the high-level logical data layout (C++ classes) from the low-level physical data layout (storage backed nested vectors of simple types). We show how the new, optimized physical data layout speeds up serialization and deserialization and facilitates parallel, vectorized and bulk operations. This lets ROOT I/O run optimally on the upcoming ultra-fast NVRAM storage devices, as well as file-less storage systems such as object stores.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, submitted to 24th Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP'19)
Impacts of Export Restrictions on Food Price Volatility: Evidence from VAR-X and EGARCH-X Models
Creators: name: Dalheimer, Bernhard
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Jaghdani, Tinoush Jamali
name: Dalheimer, Bernhard
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Jaghdani, Tinoush Jamali
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Food Price Volatility
subject: Export Restrictions
subject: GARCH
subject: VAR-X
subject: EGARCH-X

description: While export restrictive policy has long been associated with increasing food price volatility, it has received minimal attention in the empirical literature compared to other potential drivers of international food price fluctuations. This paper aims at closing this gap by firstly quantifying the relevant policies in an indicator of export restrictive policy. Subsequently, the effects of that are tested on estimated realized and GARCH volatility in VAR-X models where various wheat price volatilities are allowed to be endogenously determined. In a second step, the impacts of export controls during times of market turmoil are assessed in asymmetric volatility models. This strategy succinctly reveals the effects of export controls along the policy, frequency, country and time dimensions providing a detailed set of evidence. It is found that, most pronounced effects on wheat price volatility stem from long-term quotas. Similarly, longer term prohibitions of some countries have impacted wheat price fluctuation as well. On the contrary, long term tax strategies are shown to not significantly impact wheat price volatility. However, during times of market turmoil all three considered export restrictions have particularly contributed to wheat price volatility. Strengthened and more binding WTO regulation could have led to significantly less food price volatility, especially in times of food price crisis, such as recently experienced during the 2007/08 and 2010/11 episodes.
Radiative cooling, heating and thermal conduction in M87
Creators: name: Ghizzardi, Simona
name: Molendi, Silvano
name: Pizzolato, Fabio
name: de Grandi, Sabrina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crisis of the standard cooling flow model brought about by Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of galaxy clusters, has led to the development of several models which explore different heating processes in order to assess if they can quench the cooling flow. Among the most appealing mechanisms are thermal conduction and heating through buoyant gas deposited in the ICM by AGNs. We combine Virgo/M87 observations of three satellites (Chandra, XMM-Newton and Beppo-SAX) to inspect the dynamics of the ICM in the center of the cluster. Using the spectral deprojection technique, we derive the physical quantities describing the ICM and determine the extra-heating needed to balance the cooling flow assuming that thermal conduction operates at a fixed fraction of the Spitzer value. We assume that the extra-heating is due to buoyant gas and we fit the data using the model developed by Ruszkowski and Begelman (2002). We derive a scale radius for the model of $\sim 5$ kpc, which is comparable with the M87 AGN jet extension, and a required luminosity of the AGN of a $few \times 10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$, which is comparable to the observed AGN luminosity. We discuss a scenario where the buoyant bubbles are filled of relativistic particles and magnetic field responsible for the radio emission in M87. The AGN is supposed to be intermittent and to inject populations of buoyant bubbles through a succession of outbursts. We also study the X-ray cool component detected in the radio lobes and suggest that it is structured in blobs which are tied to the radio buoyant bubbles.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Policy Integration of Greening and the Agri-Environmental Programs: Lessons to learn from the German Implementation
Creators: name: Lakner, Sebastian
name: Röder, Norbert
name: Baum, Sarah
name: Ackermann, Andrea
name: Lakner, Sebastian
name: Röder, Norbert
name: Baum, Sarah
name: Ackermann, Andrea
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Political Economy
subject: Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
subject: Greening
subject: Ecological Focus Area (EFA)
subject: Agri-Environmental Programs
subject: Policy Integration

description: We analyse the net impacts and the coherence of the ecological focus area (EFA) in Germany. The empirical results show that farmers prefer productive EFA options and refrain from those EFA options that focus on for biodiversity. Empirical results show that simplicity is an important argument for the selection of EFA options, and that larger farms tend to use fallow more frequently. In some German federal states, farmers can combine EFA with Agri Environmental and Climate measures (AECM). However, this option is not predominantly selected. Finally, we provide suggestions to raise the effectiveness of the EFA regulation through better policy integration and simplification.
Additional file 1 of Contact characteristics and factors associated with the degree of urgency among older people in emergency primary health care: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Haraldseide, Lisa Marie
name: Sortland, Linn Solveig
name: Hunskaar, Steinar
name: Morken, Tone
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Age and sex differences within RFE by ICPC-2 chapter, time of day and priority degree.
Game-theoretic modeling of collective decision-making during epidemics
Creators: name: Ye, Mengbin
name: Zino, Lorenzo
name: Rizzo, Alessandro
name: Cao, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spreading dynamics of an epidemic and the collective behavioral pattern of the population over which it spreads are deeply intertwined and the latter can critically shape the outcome of the former. Motivated by this, we design a parsimonious game-theoretic behavioral--epidemic model, in which an interplay of realistic factors shapes the co-evolution of individual decision-making and epidemics on a network. Although such a co-evolution is deeply intertwined in the real-world, existing models schematize population behavior as instantaneously reactive, thus being unable to capture human behavior in the long term. Our model offers a unified framework to model and predict complex emergent phenomena, including successful collective responses, periodic oscillations, and resurgent epidemic outbreaks. The framework also allows to assess the effectiveness of different policy interventions on ensuring a collective response that successfully eradicates the outbreak. Two case studies, inspired by real-world diseases, are presented to illustrate the potentialities of the proposed model.
description: Under Review
Additional file 1 of Nightlife in the city: drivers of the occurrence and vocal activity of a tropical owl
Creators: name: Marín-Gómez, Oscar Humberto
name: García-Arroyo, Michelle
name: Sánchez-Sarria, Camilo E.
name: Sosa-López, J. Roberto
name: Santiago-Alarcon, Diego
name: MacGregor-Fors, Ian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Automated detection of Mottled Owl vocalizations.
High energy cosmic-rays: puzzles, models, and giga-ton neutrino telescopes
Creators: name: Waxman, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of cosmic rays of energies exceeding 10^20 eV is one of the mysteries of high energy astrophysics. The spectrum and the high energy to which it extends rule out almost all suggested source models. The challenges posed by observations to models for the origin of high energy cosmic rays are reviewed, and the implications of recent new experimental results are discussed. Large area high energy cosmic ray detectors and large volume high energy neutrino detectors currently under construction may resolve the high energy cosmic ray puzzle, and shed light on the identity and physics of the most powerful accelerators in the universe.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures; Summary of review talk, PASCOS 03 (Mumbai, India)
Chaotic three-dimensional distribution of Ba, Rb, and Sr in feldspar megacrysts grown in an open magmatic system
Creators: name: Słaby, Ewa
name: Śmigielski, Michał
name: Śmigielski, Tomasz
name: Domonik, Andrzej
name: Simon, Klaus
name: Kronz, Andreas
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2011

description: As has been demonstrated in recent years, the heterogeneities of coeval magmas can be more successfully revealed by zoned megacrysts rather than by analysis of the whole rocks hosting them. Here, the geochemical heterogeneities of feldspar megacrysts from the Karkonosze granite, Poland, are investigated by LA-ICP-MS. The crystals are the product of migration and growth in regions of poorly mixed magmas. 3D-modeling of the Ba, Sr, and Rb distributions emphasizes the importance of micro-domain growth morphologies. Two models of element behavior—a relative concentration model and a composition gradient model—provide a potentially effective tool for tracking the mixing process on a microscale. Measured concentrations of elements of different mobilities do not agree with what might be expected from the mixing of two end-member magmas. If mixing was the only process occurring, linear correlations between the concentrations of any two elements should be observed; this, however, is not the case. For combinations of any two of the three elements, modeling reveals differing non-linear correlations between concentrations. The megacryst heterogeneities provide an insight into how mixing magmas are chaotically advected to growing crystals and the degree of inter-magma element exchange between the magmas.
WAS WÜNSCHEN SICH LANDWIRTE VON DER AGRARPOLITIK NACH 2020?
Creators: name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Schreiner, Julia
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Schreiner, Julia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik
subject: Discrete Choice Experiment
subject: Akzeptanzanalyse

description: Dieser Beitrag analysiert Determinanten der Akzeptanz alternativer Agrarpolitik-Pakete unter deutschen Landwirten. Die Analyse beruht auf einem Discrete Choice Experiment mit 440 Landwirten. Den Probanden wurden in jedem der sechs zu beantwortenden Choice Sets jeweils drei unterschiedliche Politikbündel sowie die Option des Ausstiegs aus der gegenwärtigen Agrarpolitik zur Wahl gestellt. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mittels eines konditionalen Logit Modells sowie einer Latent Class-Schätzung zur Aufdeckung von Präferenzheterogenität unter den Befragten. Rund zwei Drittel der Befragten sprechen sich für eine Fortführung der Direktzahlungen ausspricht. Knapp die Hälfte (46%) ist grundsätzlich bereit, im Gegenzug höhere Standards im Bereich Umwelt und Tierwohl zu akzeptieren. Zwanzig Prozent der Befragten hingegen wünschen sich die Fortführung der Direktzahlungen ohne Gegenleistungen. Die befragten Landwirte sind mehrheitlich gegen ein staatliches Sicherheits-netz durch Marktintervention. Ein Drittel der Befragten wünscht sich die Abschaffung der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik in der gegenwärtigen Form einschließlich der Direktzahlungen.
Chemical characteristics (REE, etc.) of Paleozoic and Mesozoic graywackes and sandstones from Central Europe
Creators: name: Wedepohl, Karl Hans
name: Simon, Klaus
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2012

description: During the Variscan orogeny in Central Europe, partial melting in the lower continental crust formed granitic magmas, which intruded into the upper crust and left compounds of Ca (plus Eu2+), Mg, etc. in the lower crust. From the late Paleozoic decomposition of the tonalitic upper crust, sedimentary graywackes were produced reflecting the composition of this crust. The repeated reworking of the sedimentary cover caused the formation of sands. Sandstones as their products of consolidation contain increasing fractions of quartz and decreasing feldspar from Carboniferous and Triassic to Cretaceous age. A distinct negative Eu anomaly characterizes the majority of these rocks. The latter is imprinted by the Variscan magmatism. Quartz as used for numerous Medieval wood ash glasses is marked for its Central European origin by a distinct negative Eu anomaly in contrast to many soda glasses produced outside Germany mostly with a small or none Eu anomaly.
A blockchain-based Forensic Model for Financial Crime Investigation: The Embezzlement Scenario
Creators: name: Zarpala, Lamprini
name: Casino, Fran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The financial crime landscape is evolving along with the digitization in financial services. In this context, laws and regulations cannot efficiently cope with a fast-moving industry such as finance, which translates in late adoption of measures and legal voids, providing a fruitful landscape for malicious actors. In parallel, blockchain technology and its promising features such as immutability, verifiability, and authentication, enhance the opportunities of financial forensics. In this paper, we focus on an embezzlement scheme and we provide a forensic-by-design methodology for its investigation. In addition, the feasibility and adaptability of our approach can be extended and embrace digital investigations on other types of schemes. We provide a functional implementation based on smart contracts and we integrate standardised forensic flows and chain of custody preservation mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the benefits and challenges of the symbiotic relationship between blockchain and financial investigations, along with future research directions.
description: Digit Finance (2021)
The Influence of Quark Matter at High Densities on Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Creators: name: Oechslin, R.
name: Uryū, K.
name: Poghosyan, G.
name: Thielemann, F. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the influence of potential quark matter existing at high densities in neutron star interiors on gravitational waves (GW) emitted in a binary neutron star merger event. Two types of equations of state (EoS) at zero temperatures are used, one describing pure nuclear matter, the other nuclear matter with a phase transition to quark matter at very high densities. Binary equilibrium sequences close to the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) are calculated to determine the GW frequencies just before merger. It is found that EoS effects begin to play a role for gravitational masses larger than $M_\infty\simeq1.5M_\odot$. The difference in the gravitational wave frequency at the ISCO grows to up to $\simeq 10%$ for the maximal allowed mass given by the EoSs used. Then, we perform 3D hydrodynamic simulations for each EoS varying the initial mass and determine the characteristic GW frequencies of the merger remnants. The implications of quark matter show up mainly in a different collapse behaviour of the merger remnant. If the collapse does not take place immediately after merger, we find a phase difference between two EoS's in the post-merger GW signal. We also compare the GW frequencies emitted by the merger remnant to values from simulations using a polytropic EoS and find an imprint of the non-constant adiabatic index of our EoSs. All calculations are based on the conformally flat (CF) approximation to general relativity and the GW signal from the merger simulation is extracted up to quadrupole order.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
The 10 micron amorphous silicate feature of fractal aggregates and compact particles with complex shapes
Creators: name: Min, M.
name: Dominik, C.
name: Hovenier, J. W.
name: de Koter, A.
name: Waters, L. B. F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the 10 micron absorption spectra of nonspherical particles composed of amorphous silicate. We consider two classes of particles, compact ones and fractal aggregates composed of homogeneous spheres. For the compact particles we consider Gaussian random spheres with various degrees of non-sphericity. For the fractal aggregates we compute the absorption spectra for various fractal dimensions. The 10 micron spectra are computed for ensembles of these particles in random orientation using the well-known Discrete Dipole Approximation. We compare our results to spectra obtained when using volume equivalent homogeneous spheres and to those computed using a porous sphere approximation. We conclude that, in general, nonspherical particles show a spectral signature that is similar to that of homogeneous spheres with a smaller material volume. This effect is overestimated when approximating the particles by porous spheres with the same volume filling fraction. For aggregates with fractal dimensions typically predicted for cosmic dust, we show that the spectral signature characteristic of very small homogeneous spheres (with a volume equivalent radius r_V<0.5 micron) can be detected even in very large particles. We conclude that particle sizes are underestimated when using homogeneous spheres to model the emission spectra of astronomical sources. In contrast, the particle sizes are severely overestimated when using equivalent porous spheres to fit observations of 10 micron silicate emission.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Operation and Cost Analysis of a Partly Mechanized Small Scale Gold Mine in Ghana
Vorgehen und Kostenanalyse bei einer teils mechanisierten kleindimensionierten Goldmine in Ghana
Creators: name: Peters, Winfried Dipl. Ing.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2013

description: The economically successful operation of partly mechanized small scale mines in Ghana could fill the gap between large scale, industrial and foreign controlled mining operations and the artisanal (or "galamsey") small scale operations which use only manual labour and simple tools and are mainly confined to alluvial gold deposits and on limited scale to hard rock occurrences. The need to initiate and operate partly mechanized small scale mines stems from the existence of many small orebodies spread all over Ghana which are in their extent and amount of available ore reserves too small to be of interest to medium or large scale mining companies. In this presentation one of these small auriferous orebodies is described and the operation of a small mine is outlined. The employed mining methods during start up and throughout production phases are described. Special attention is given to safety aspects of such operations. A mechanised plant for crushing and grinding the ore in preparation for gravity separation (sluicing) was set up by using locally obtainable or manufactured crushing, seeving and milling equipment. The extraction results over 6 month operation are presented and discussed. The total investment for the small mine and the production costs are presented giving an overview on the economics for such operation. Factors to be observed to safeguard a small mine from causing adverse environmental effects are discussed. Finally, an outlook in respect of multiplication of such operations in Ghana is presented.
description: My brother still wanted to publish this magazine article at the 15.05.2001 before his death. Unfortunately, it was not granted to him any more to do this. I have sighted his estate and processed according to these as his brother. Therefore I am publishing the last work of my brother Dipl engineer Winfried Peters now, too, so that his bequest is filled. I unfortunately can not guarantee for the scientific correctness of the work, however, have revised this work after best knowledge and conscience.
description: research
HÁZIRGI KÚNDEGI MÁLIMLEME KITAPXANA ISI TARAWÍNDAǴÍ AKTUAL MÁSELELER
Creators: name: Xudaybergenov, Marjan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Kitap insannıń aqılıy hám ruwxıy jaqtan rawajlanıwınıń tiykarǵı deregi esaplanadı. Sonlıqtan, málimleme-kitapxanalıq jumıstı durıs shólkemlestiriw, onıń iskerligin keń en jaydırıw házirgi kúnde jámiyet aldında turǵan tiykarǵı mashqalardan biri esaplanadı. Sol sebepli, bul maqalada málimleme-kitapxanalıq jumıs tarawı, wazıypası, áhmiyeti hám mashqalaları keltirip ótilgen.
MARGIN INSURANCE IN AGRICULTURE – A MICRO SIMULATION APPROACH OF WHEAT AND HOG PRODUCTION IN AUSTRIA
Creators: name: Sinabell, Franz
name: Url, Thomas
name: Heinschink, Karin
name: Sinabell, Franz
name: Url, Thomas
name: Heinschink, Karin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: risk management
subject: hog production
subject: agricultural policy
subject: margin insurance

description: To stabilise agricultural markets is one of the central objectives of the Common Agricultural Policies (CAP). After two decades of agricultural policy reforms markets are now only minimally influenced by direct policy interventions. However, prices of many farm commodities have become more volatile. A consequence is that farm incomes have become more volatile, as well. Direct payments are an effective instrument to stabilise incomes by offering a certain minimum level of liquidity. However, such premiums are low for many farmers and therefore a set of income stabilisation instruments was introduced during the Health Check Reform on an optional basis for Member States and certain groups of producers. In order to overcome some of the shortcomings of such approaches, we propose a margin insurance. We present such an insurance programme for EU agriculture and exemplify it using Austrian wheat and hog production as case studies. By referring to existing income insurance systems we identify necessary conditions for such a scheme to work. In order to address adverse selection, a micro simulation approach is proposed that makes granular premium discrimination feasible. Such an approach seems to be better suited for the heterogeneous structural conditions in the EU than a similar scheme for milk producers in the US that is based on a composite index.
Nine questions for the Dalai Lama
Creators: name: Fraser, Patricia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Nine Questions for the Dalai Lama is a DVD Rom that incorporates digital video documentary, video poetry, and written essays that call into question the theoretical framing that informed the practices and decisions that underscored The Dalai Lama Centre for Peace and Education's "Nurturing Compassion Vancouver Dialogues 2006." Although this event was conceived as a youth centred dialogue with the Dalai Lama, it was characterized by the educative practices of 'manageralism' (Fielding 2004) and revealed a 'risk consciousness' (Ericson & Haggerty 1997) at play in the managing of these dialogues. While appearing to collaborate with youth, these practices created a dominant cultural narrative that culminated in the censoring of a youth based documentary produced specifically for this event. The questions that appear as menu choices emerged from the author's involvement as the mentor/producer of the youth documentary team. What is real food and real water? Questions meanings of compassion. What were they doing? uses the theoretical underpinnings of the politics of communication to examine the event. What are we afraid of? is an essay that examines the troubling issue of the censorship of a video documentary that identifies the Dalai Lama as the spiritual and political leader of Tibet. This essay views this event through a lens informed from the writings of Arendt (1979) and Brueggeman (2001). Other menu choices on the dvd question through the medium of digital video the exploration of imaginative spaces as ways of knowing. Who are you and what happens next? Uses a video archive to look at the exclusion of the youth and includes the censored video. How to hold a hand? and Are you trying to tell me something? represent some of the other ways this experience of the event was realized and understood. Why listen to a dream? questions the ways we know through imaginative realization and awareness. This essay questions how the use of the imagination and awareness relates to the dominant narrative that characterized this event and to transformative educational practices.
Rescuing Fe0 remediation research from its systemic flaws
Creators: name: Noubactep, Chicgoua
name: Makota, Suzanne
name: Bandyopadhyay, Amitava
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2017

description: The well-accepted assumption of metallic iron (Fe0) acting as electron donor for environmental remediation has created an unstable domain of knowledge for the past 23 years. This assumption is discouraging some outstanding and prospective scientists from correctly interpreting their experimental results. Such a situation is a recipe for long-term decline. The critical situation cannot be solved with simplistic approaches. It is now imperative to develop an understanding to defend the difficulties of this assumption and re-orient Fe0 mediated remediation research as a whole.
description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2017