Xylopia rubescens Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 30 1868
Creators: name: Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
name: Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.
name: Crozier, Francoise
name: Ghogue, Jean-Paul
name: Hoekstra, Paul H.
name: Kamdem, Narcisse G.
name: Johnson, David M.
name: Murray, Nancy A.
name: Sonke, Bonaventure
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Xylopia
Xylopia rubescens

description: Xylopia rubescens Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 30, 1868 Fig. 151; Map 19A ≡ Xylopicrum rubescens (Oliver) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 1: 8, 1891. = Xylopia klaineana Pierre ex Engler &amp; Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen-Fam. 6: 59-60. 1901. Xylopia rubescens Oliver var. klaineana (Engler &amp; Diels) Pellegrin, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Mém. 31: 70. 1949. Type. Gabon. Without definite locality, Klaine T.-J. 1327, Oct 1898: holotype: P[P00169139]; isotypes: B[B100154150], P[P00169138]). = Xylopia humilis Engl. &amp; Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 60, 1901. Type. Liberia. Grand Bassa County, Fishtown bei Granbassa, <i>Dinklage M.J. 2006</i>, 27 Aug 1898: lectotype, designated by Johnson and Murray (2018), p. 49: B[B10 0154147]; isotypes: A[A00061927, A00062417]; B[B100154145, B100154146, B1001541480]; K[K000199074, K000199075, K000199076]. = Xylopia batesii Engl. &amp; Diels, Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 62, 1901. Type. Gabon. Angom, 70 engl. Meilen östlich von Gabun, Bates G.L. 561, Oct 1896: holotype: K[K000199058]; isotypes: BM[BM000510769]; G[G00190711]; P[P00169131, P00169132]. = Xylopia butayei De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. 4, 1: 33, 1902. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kongo Central, Malela (Bas-Congo), <i>Butaye R. 2239</i>, no date: holotype: BR; isotype: BR[BR0000008825391]. = Xylopia zenkeri Engl. &amp; Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 480, 1907. Type. Cameroon. South Province, Bipindi, Zenker G.A. 2827, Mar 1904: holotype B[B 100154149]; isotypes: BM[BM 000511041]; G [00190712, G 00190713]; GOET[GOET 005735]; HBG[HBG 502474]; K[000199060]; L [0196246]; M[M 0107919]; P[P00169131]; S[S 07-13458]; WAG[WAG 0065882]; WU[WU 0025792]. = Xylopia gossweileri Exell, J. Bot. Suppl. 6: 64, 1926. Type. Angola. Cabinda, Pango Munga, Mayumbe, <i>Gossweiler J. 6222</i>, no date: holotype: BM[M000511046]. Type. Nigeria. Rivers state; Old Calabar, <i>Thomson W.C. 53</i>, no date: holotype: K[K000199073]. Description. Tree, up to 30 m tall, d.b.h. up to 70 cm; <b>stilt roots present, up to 2 m on the trunk.</b> Old branches glabrous, <b>turning grayish white</b>, young branches glabrous to pubescent with appressed golden hairs 0.2-0.5 mm long. Leaves: petiole 5-12 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; <b>blade 7.3-21.3 cm long</b>, 3.6-8.4 cm wide, oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate, apex acuminate to cuspidate, acumen 0.2-1.5 cm long, base cuneate to rounded, decurrent, papyraceous to subcoriaceous, below sparsely appressed-pubescent, rarely glabrous, above glabrous, <b>strongly discolorous</b>; midrib flat to sunken, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous to sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old; secondary veins 8 to 16 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Flowers bisexual with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate or more often <b>clustered</b> on older leafless branches, axillary, peduncle 1.5-2.5 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 4-9 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, pubescent; in fruit 9-15 mm long, 2-7 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts (2)3(5), evenly spaced, 1-3 mm long, 1-3 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, basally fused, 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, ovate to broadly triangular, apex acute, base truncate, green, sericeous outside, glabrous inside; petals free, outer petals much longer than inner; outer petals 3, 17.6-35 mm long, 2.5-5.1 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow, pubescent outside, pubescent and glabrous towards the base inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 3.5-6.7 mm long, 2.2-4.6 mm wide, ovate to rhombic, apex acuminate, base broad and concave, red with cream base and apex, pubescent outside, pubescent and glabrous towards the base inside; stamens 70 to 77, in 4 to 5 rows, ca. 2 mm long, clavate to oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 4 to 12, ovary 1-2 mm long, stigmas loosely connivent, linear, 1.4-2.9 mm long, with glandular appendages. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 4-20 mm long, 2-6 mm in diameter; monocarps 1 to 15, 41-16 mm long, 6-12 mm wide, narrowly oblong, <b>somewhat falciform and strongly torulose to moniliform</b>, apex with a distinct beak up to 5 mm long, glabrous, verrucose and wrinkled when dried, black or dark purple outside, endocarp pink to scarlet; seeds 1 to 7 per monocarp, <b>in a single row</b>, 10-20 mm long, 6-11 mm wide, ellipsoid; <b>sarcotesta absent; aril present, brushlike, unlobed, red to orange.</b> Distribution. A widespread species with a disjunct distribution in West Africa, from Guinea-Bissau to Ghana, and in Central Africa from Nigeria to southern South Sudan and south to northern Angola and Mozambique; in Cameroon known from East, South, Littoral and regions. Habitat. A common species, in a range of wetland habitats, including gallery and other riparian forests, swamp forest, <i>Raphia</i> swamps, and pond edges. Altitude 0-900 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. ntua (<i>Fleury 33135</i>), odjobi (<i>Letouzey 1611</i>), odjobi nzam (Focho et al. 2010), odzobé (<i>Fleury 33135</i>), ôjobi (<i>Bates 1317</i>). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019b e). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. <i>Xylopia rubescens</i> is readily recognized by the combination of relatively large leaves with decurrent bases, which often have an orange-red color on the lower surface of the leaf in dried specimens, branches with grayish white, narrow flowers that are often clustered on leafless porolder branches, and distinctly torulose to moniliform monocarps. Throughout its wide range it is a wetland species, and one of the few <i>Xylopia</i> species with stilt roots. The short inner petals and brushlike arils distinguish <i>X. rubescens</i> from <i>X. aethiopica</i>, with which it is sometimes confused. Specimens examined. <b>East Region</b>: Marécage du Niagoul entre Koumbou et Miambo, 4.27°N, 12.9°E, <i>13 April 1959</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 1611 (P,YA). <b>Littoral Region</b>: Duala, 4.05°N, 9.71°E, <i>01 June 1917</i>, <i>Fleury F.</i> 33135 (P). <b>South Region</b>: Batanga, 2.86°N, 9.889°E, <i>20 September 1945</i>, <i>Aubréville A.</i> 125 (P); Bitye Yaunde, 3.02°N, 12.37°E, <i>01 January 1919</i>, <i>Bates G.L.</i> 1317 (BM,MO); N´Koemvone, 2.8°N, 11.13°E, <i>11 April 1975</i>, <i>de Wilde J.J.F.E</i> 8166 (B,BR,K,MO,P,WAG,YA); Près Akok Bikélé, 3.8°N, 12.7°E, <i>03 March 1962</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 4464 (YA); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, <i>01 January 1904</i>, <i>Zenker G.A.</i> 2827 (G,L,M,WAG). <b>Unknown region</b>: Vuneli, <i>01 February 1928</i>, <i>Hédin L.</i> 1668 (P, OWU).
description: Published as part of <i>Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. &amp; Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207</i> on pages 484-487, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432
description: {"references": ["Johnson, DM, Murray, NA, 2018. A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa. PhytoKeys 97: 1 - 252, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975", "Le Thomas, A, 1969b. Annonacees. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore du Gabon. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 371", "Focho, DA, Egbe, EA, Chuyong, GB, Fongod, AGN, Fonge, BA, Ndam, WT, Youssoufa, BM, 2010. An ethnobotanical investigation of the Annonaceae on Mount Cameroon. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4: 2148 - 2158", "Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019b. Annickia chlorantha. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T60762300A60762303. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T60762300A60762303.en"]}