cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Charge transport and mobility engineering in two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide semiconductors
Creators: name: Li, Song-Lin
name: Tsukagoshi, Kazihito
name: Orgiu, Emanuele
name: Samorì, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals semiconductors represent the thinnest, air stable semiconducting materials known. Their unique optical, electronic and mechanical properties hold great potential for harnessing them as key components in novel applications for electronics and optoelectronics. However, the charge transport behavior in 2D semiconductors is more susceptible to external surroundings (e.g. gaseous adsorbates from air and trapped charges in substrates) and their electronic performance is generally lower than corresponding bulk materials due to the fact that surface and bulk coincide. In this article, we review recent progress on the charge transport properties and carrier mobility engineering of 2D transition metal chalcogenides, with a particular focus on the markedly high dependence of carrier mobility on thickness. We unveil the origin of this unique thickness dependence and elaborate the devised strategies to master it for carrier mobility optimization. Specifically, physical and chemical methods towards the optimization of the major factors influencing the extrinsic transport such as electrode/semiconductor contacts, interfacial Coulomb impurities and atomic defects are discussed. In particular, the use of \textit{ad-hoc} molecules makes it possible to engineer the interface with the dielectric and heal the vacancies in such materials. By casting fresh light onto the theoretical and experimental works, we provide a guide for improving the electronic performance of the 2D semiconductors, with the ultimate goal of achieving technologically viable atomically thin (opto)electronics.
description: 33 pages, 19 figures and 6 tables
Epidemiology of adult poisoning
Creators: name: Routley, Virginia.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Quantum Phase Transition in the Finite Jaynes-Cummings Lattice Systems
Creators: name: Hwang, Myung-Joong
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase transitions are commonly held to occur only in the thermodynamical limit of large number of system components. Here we exemplify at the hand of the exactly solvable Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model and its generalization to finite JC-lattices that finite component systems of coupled spins and bosons may exhibit quantum phase transitions (QPT). For the JC-model we find a continuous symmetry-breaking QPT, a photonic condensate with a macroscopic occupation as the ground state and a Goldstone mode as a low-energy excitation. For the two site JC-lattice we show analytically that it undergoes a Mott-insulator to superfluid QPT. We identify as the underlying principle of the emergence of finite size QPT the combination of increasing atomic energy and increasing interaction strength between the atom and the bosonic mode which allows for the exploration of an increasingly large portion of the infinite dimensional Hilbert space of the bosonic mode. This suggests that finite system phase transitions will be present in a broad range of physical systems.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Charge orders, magnetism and pairings in the cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Kloss, T.
name: Montiel, X.
name: de Carvalho, V. S.
name: Freire, H.
name: Pépin, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the recent developments in the field of cuprate superconductors with the special focus on the recently observed charge order in the underdoped compounds. We introduce new theoretical developments following the study of the antiferromagnetic (AF) quantum critical point (QCP) in two dimensions, in which preemptive orders in the charge and superconducting (SC) sectors emerged, that are in turn related by an SU(2) symmetry. We consider the implications of this proliferation of orders in the underdoped region, and provide a study of the type of fluctuations which characterize the SU(2) symmetry. We identify an intermediate energy scale where the SU(2) pairing fluctuations are dominant and argue that they are unstable towards the formation of a Resonant Peierls Excitonic (RPE) state at the pseudogap (PG) temperature $T^{*}$. We discuss the implications of this scenario for a few key experiments.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures
Teaching interdisciplinarity in secondary school: A systematic review
Creators: name: Tonnetti, Benoit
name: Lentillon-Kaestner, Vanessa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The concept of interdisciplinarity has been the focus of much reflection, but studies on the implementation of interdisciplinarity in secondary schools remain rare. This literature review aims to provide a state of the art empirical studies of interdisciplinarity in secondary schools. This systematic review, based on PRISMA standards, includes a descriptive analysis and a thematic analysis using inductive and deductive methods. Studies were identified using the following databases, Web of Science (WOS), Taylor & Francis (T&F), ERIC, and Science Direct (SD). A total of 40 studies were selected and analyzed to (1) provide an overview of interdisciplinary practices in secondary schools, (2) highlight the effects of interdisciplinary practices on teachers and students, and (3) identify the conditions that favor the construction of interdisciplinary sequences. The results of this review show that few interdisciplinary practices are used in secondary schools and that even fewer achieve a real integration of disciplines. Interdisciplinary approaches seem to have positive effects on both students and teachers (promoting learning and, interest, developing interpersonal skills and encouraging professional development) when it is possible to overcome the many obstacles they face and to implement them in favorable conditions, such as those featuring a strong conceptual link between disciplines or complementarity between disciplinary and interdisciplinary moments.
PV O&M Optimization by AI Practice
Creators: name: Chang, M.Y.
name: Hsu, C.-C.
name: Chen, K.H.
name: Hsu, T.P.
name: Wei, K.
name: Chuang, K.
name: Chen, Y.-S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2019
Subjects: PV Systems and Storage – Modelling, Design, Operation and Performance
Operation, Performance and Maintenance of PV Systems

description: 36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1278-1282
description: To deploy solar power as the reliable renewable energy source in massive scale, implanting efficient operation and maintenance (O&M) acts as a crucial role play. we demonstrate utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technology to optimize O&M task for more than 150 project sites up to 54MW with 11 inverter brands and 9 module suppliers simultaneously. Without specific module, inverter and location parameters as inputs, the power prediction model for each inverter-MPPT is trained based on its own historical production data and established as its own fingerprint. Each inverter-MPPT behavior from all the projects (over 7,583 MPPTs) is monitored and analyzed by machine learning in every five minutes. Fault detection alert with failure mode is automatically judged, and prompt notification is sent to user by mobile device or email. From one-year implementing result, the average energy yield of 0.16 kWh/kWp/day (4.7%) is improved for the project sites with this AI system than those without. The precision for fault detection is 99.2%, and it also reaches 92.3% for failure mode diagnosis. Taking the advantage of the high accuracy of fault detection and failure reason diagnosis, the efficient and prospective O&M would be achieved.
A study to assess parenting skills of women who alternate between heroin abuse and treatment on a methadone program compared to non-drug using women
Creators: name: Linton, Peter.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Surface Albedo and Spectral Variability of Ceres
Creators: name: Li, Jian-Yang
name: Reddy, Vishnu
name: Nathues, Andreas
name: Corre, Lucille Le
name: Izawa, Matthew R. M.
name: Clouts, Edward A.
name: Sykes, Mark V.
name: Carsenty, Uri
name: Castillo-Rogez, Julie C.
name: Hoffmann, Martin
name: Jaumann, Ralf
name: Krohn, Katrin
name: Mottola, Stefano
name: Prettyman, Thomas H.
name: Schaefer, Michael
name: Schenk, Paul
name: Schröder, Stefan E.
name: Williams, David A.
name: Smith, David E.
name: Zuber, Maria T.
name: Konopliv, Alexander S.
name: Park, Ryan S.
name: Raymond, Carol A.
name: Russell, Christopher T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous observations suggested that Ceres has active but possibly sporadic water outgassing, and possibly varying spectral characteristics in a time scale of months. We used all available data of Ceres collected in the past three decades from the ground and the Hubble Space Telescope, and the newly acquired images by Dawn Framing Camera to search for spectral and albedo variability on Ceres, in both a global scale and local regions, particularly the bright spots inside Occator crater, over time scales of a few months to decades. Our analysis has placed an upper limit on the possible temporal albedo variation on Ceres. Sporadic water vapor venting, or any possibly ongoing activity on Ceres, is not significant enough to change the albedo or the area of the bright features in Occator crater by >15%, or the global albedo by >3% over various time scales that we searched. Recently reported spectral slope variations can be explained by changing Sun-Ceres-Earth geometry. The active area on Ceres is less than 1 km$^2$, too small to cause global albedo and spectral variations detectable in our data. Impact ejecta due to impacting projectiles of tens of meters in size like those known to cause observable changes to the surface albedo on Asteroid Scheila cannot cause detectable albedo change on Ceres due to its relatively large size and strong gravity. The water vapor activity on Ceres is independent of Ceres' heliocentric distance, rulling out the possibility of comet-like sublimation process as a possible mechanism driving the activity.
description: Accepted by ApJ Lett
A combinatorial problem and numerical semigroups
Creators: name: Robles-Pérez, Aureliano M.
name: Rosales, José Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B75, 05A99, 20M14

description: Let $a=(a_1,\ldots,a_n)$ and $b=(b_1,\ldots,b_n)$ be two $n$-tuples of positive integers, let $X$ be a set of positive integers, and let $g$ be a positive integer. In this work we show an algorithmic process in order to compute all the sets $C$ of positive integers that fulfill the following conditions: 1) the cardinality of $C$ is equal to $g$; 2) if $x,y\in \mathbb{N} \setminus \{0\}$ and $x+y\in C$, then $C \cap \{x,y\} \neq \emptyset$; 3) if $x \in C$ and $\frac{x-b_i}{a_i} \in \mathbb{N} \setminus \{0\}$ for some $i\in \{1,\ldots,n\}$, then $\frac{x-b_i}{a_i} \in C$; 4) $X \cap C = \emptyset$.
Comparative Lifetime Measurements of Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers by Different Techniques
Creators: name: Stokkan, G.
name: Søndenå, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1319-1324
description: Minority charge carrier lifetimes are measured in multicrystalline silicon using a series of different
techniques; photoluminescence-imaging, microwave photoconductance decay, carrier density imaging and quasi
steady state photoconductance, both with front and back located coils.The different measurements tools are compared
and evaluated with respect to trends through the height of an ingot and spatial characteristics within wafers.
Mechanical polishing results in lower surface recombination than chemical polishing of as-sawn wafers, and offer
more details using the lifetime mapping tools. The different techniques are found to have different advantages with
respect to spatial resolution, tolerance for variations in surface properties and calibration of the measurements. All
techniques describe the general trend in the ingot, with some variation in the absolute values.
Emergency measles immunization policy for displaced Aetas in Zambales, Philippines
Creators: name: Peregrino-Go, Edelmira.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
High Quality Silicon Films from Halogen Lamp Melting for New Thin-Film Solar Cell and Module Concepts
Creators: name: Janz, S.
name: Lindekugel, S.
name: Pavlovic, R.
name: Schillinger, K.
name: Rachow, T.
name: Reber, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2198-2202
description: In this work we introduce two new solar cell and module concepts based on halogen lamp
recrystallised silicon thin-films. At Fraunhofer ISE we have been working on zone melting recrystallisation (ZMR)
using halogen lamps for more than a decade. We are able to grow crystalline high quality (etch pit density
3x106 cm-2) silicon layers on areas larger than standard wafer sizes (meta-wafer) and with speeds of 350 mm/min
which corresponds to a throughput of more than 5 m2/h in our equipment. Lifetime measurements with Microwave
Photo Conductance Decay (MWPCD) show values of up to 7.2±1.5 μs for recrystallised layers on thermal SiO2 and
1.7±0.2 μs on c-SiC. The excellent quality of the layers for one led us to the development of a lift-off concept where
the layers are processed on a perforated high-temperature stable substrate. First layers could be detached successfully
though they are very brittle so far. Another new approach using the large area processing capabilities of c-Si thinfilms
is the integrated, interconnected recrystallised silicon thin-film module called IntegRex. For this concept we
start with a meta-wafer ceramic substrate. We could develop an industrially feasible process to separate the cell
stripes with laser chemical processing. Both these concepts promise high efficiency and high cost-reduction potential.
Infrared (IR) Drone for Quick and Cheap PV Inspection
Creators: name: Muntwyler, U.
name: Schuepbach, E.
name: Lanz, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1804-1806
description: The Photovoltaic Laboratory (PV LAB) at Bern University of Applied Sciences BFH in Burgdorf,
Switzerland, developed its own remotely-controlled IR Multicopter Drone. The aim was to economically optimise the
quality-control of predicted energy yields from PV-installations in the Swiss PV monitoring network as operated by
the PV LAB since the 1990s. The work is carried out within the SCCER FURIES project and in collaboration with
Swiss industry partners. The drone system was assembled in a Bachelor thesis and extensively tested on the PV LABs
own roof-top PV-installation. Application to two large Swiss PV-installations (football stadium “Stade de Suisse“,
Bern / 1.3 MWp and open-field “Mont Soleil” in the Jura Mountains / 554.5 kWp) confirmed the economic benefit of
remotely-controlled drone inspection as compared to manual thermographic examination. The IR Multicopter Drone
now allows a rapid thermal survey of operating PV-modules at all installations in the Swiss PV monitoring network.
As the system is electric, it offers an added value for thermal inspection of PV-installations where no disturbing
emissions are allowed. This is a requirement at the world’s highest research facility at Jungfraujoch (3 454 m asl)
where the PV LAB measures the longest energy yield record from PV in the Swiss Alps.
Grassmann Matrix Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Anninos, Dionysios
name: Denef, Frederik
name: Monten, Ruben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore quantum mechanical theories whose fundamental degrees of freedom are rectangular matrices with Grassmann valued matrix elements. We study particular models where the low energy sector can be described in terms of a bosonic Hermitian matrix quantum mechanics. We describe the classical curved phase space that emerges in the low energy sector. The phase space lives on a compact Kahler manifold parameterized by a complex matrix, of the type discovered some time ago by Berezin. The emergence of a semiclassical bosonic matrix quantum mechanics at low energies requires that the original Grassmann matrices be in the long rectangular limit. We discuss possible holographic interpretations of such matrix models which, by construction, are endowed with a finite dimensional Hilbert space.
description: 25 pages + appendices
Quantitative Assessment of the Local Leakage Current in PV Modules for Degradation Prediction
Creators: name: Nagel, H.
name: Glatthaar, M.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1825-1829
description: Small leakage currents flow between the frame and the active cell matrix in photovoltaic (PV)
modules under normal operation conditions due to the not negligible electric conductivity of the module building
materials. Even if the leakage current is well below the ground-fault detection threshold, predominantly
the DC part can cause significant electrochemical corrosion of cell and frame metals, potential-induced degradation
(PID) of the shunting type or PID of the solar cells’ surface passivation. In general, it was found that
the degradation rate has a high correlation with the leakage current density which is a strong function of position
in large-area modules due to the voltage drop between the frame and the cells. In this work we measured
material and surface conductivities and subsequently calculated the local leakage current density distribution
in large-area PV modules in order to obtain quantitative insight into the local degradation. The shares of leakage
currents through individual materials are discussed and, as an example, the width of the circumferential
module area threatened by electrochemical corrosion was predicted under accelerated test conditions.
Potential-Induced Degradation: Measurement and Modeling of Progression under Field Conditions
Creators: name: Taubitz, C.
name: Kröber, M.
name: Buß, D.
name: Köntopp, M.B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1807-1812
description: Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a critical failure mode in today’s photovoltaic (PV) system
architecture with very large to catastrophic impact on PV-module performance and energy yield. Potential-induced
shunting (PID-s) is one of the most severe types of PID leading to shunting of p-type silicon solar cells. Previously,
the kinetics of PID-s was investigated in detail and a preliminary model was presented describing the progression of
the shunt resistance (Rsh) of fielded modules.
In this work Rsh measurements of mini modules that were exposed to field conditions and a high negative potential at
an outdoor test site for one full year are presented and compared to model calculations. In addition the performance
decrease of PID-s prone 60cell PV-modules installed on the negative end of a positively grounded module string is
shown and the shunt progression simulated. The modeled Rsh progressions are in good qualitative agreement with the
measured data. Nevertheless quantitatively there are clear differences between the measured and simulated Rsh
progressions. In order to improve the calculation results the origin of these differences is analyzed.
Natural Recovery from LID: Regeneration under Field Conditions?
Creators: name: Lee, K.
name: Kim, M.-S.
name: Lim, J.-K.
name: Ahn, J.-H.
name: Hwang, M.-I.
name: Cho, E.-C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1835-1837
description: Photovoltaic modules made from silicon PERC solar cells were installed outdoors for a study of their
light-induced degradation (LID). The modules left in open circuit showed rapid LID in the first two weeks, but then
recovered to above 98% of their initial output power in the following five weeks. In contrast, the modules that were
maximum-power-point (MPP)-tracked did not show any sign of recovery within the test period, resulting in LID of
4–6%. The field results are in agreement with the cell regeneration experiments that showed the excess carrier density
to be a crucial factor in determining the regeneration rate. The modules made from regenerated PERC cells were also
MPP-tracked in the field, and they showed LID of about 2%. The LID resistance of PERC modules could be further
improved by integrating the regeneration process into the lamination step. As the lamination is the last hightemperature
step in the module production, any subsequent destabilization of the deactivated BO defects can be
avoided with the Regenerating Lamination. The PERC modules made with Regenerating Lamination showed LID
below 1%.
Post Processing Technique for Thermo-Graphic Images Provided by Drone Inspections
Creators: name: Leotta, G.
name: Pugliatti, P.M.
name: Di Stefano, A.G.F.
name: Aleo, F.
name: Bizzarri, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1799-1803
description: Large-scale photovoltaic systems need extensive maintenance and a stringent regime of continued
monitoring, scheduled inspection and preventive maintenance. Flight Infrared (IR)-thermography with remote
controlled drones represents a fast and reliable tool for inspecting huge amounts of installed PV modules or hard-toreach
roof mounted PV-plants. Thermal images have proven to be a valuable technique in identifying various failure
mechanisms like: cell fracture, deficient solder joints, short-circuits or bypassed substrings.
This paper shows the capabilities of a software application developed by Enel with the aim of handling thermal films
carried out by unmanned inspections in solar PV plants. The images to be processed and analysed are thermographic
inspections detected by remote controlled drones during flight times of 10-20 minutes. This could be extended also to
electroluminescence (EL) in case of EL inspections are provided. The software application will allow for the
automatic identification of failed PV modules by processing IR-films provided as the output of each drone inspection.
Evaluation of Recovery Methods After Potential Induced Degradation of PV Modules
Creators: name: Lechner, P.
name: Hummel, S.
name: Schnepf, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1821-1824
description: Thermal recovery (TR) and potential-induced recovery (PiR) of PID damaged c-Si modules were studied under
laboratory and outdoor field conditions. TR follows quite well a stretched exponential function (SE). The time constant
follows an Arrhenius relationship, with Ea of 0.7 eV. Experimental recovery data from the ZSW test field Widderstall could
be successfully simulated with the SE-fit. PiR is significantly faster than TR. PiR can be fitted satisfactorily by a compressed
exponential function (CE). For PiR module leakage currents it was shown that they behave Arrhenius-like with Ea between
0.9 and 1.0eV. The evolution of PiR can be correlated with the transferred charge for lab- and field-PiR experiments,
respectively.
Non-Singular Bouncing Cosmology: Consistency of the Effective Description
Creators: name: Koehn, Michael
name: Lehners, Jean-Luc
name: Ovrut, Burt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explicitly confirm that spatially flat non-singular bouncing cosmologies make sense as effective theories. The presence of a non-singular bounce in a spatially flat universe implies a temporary violation of the null energy condition, which can be achieved through a phase of ghost condensation. We calculate the scale of strong coupling and demonstrate that the ghost-condensate bounce remains trustworthy throughout, and that all perturbation modes within the regime of validity of the effective description remain under control. For this purpose we require the perturbed action up to third order in perturbations, which we calculate in both flat and co-moving gauge -- since these two gauges allow us to highlight different physical aspects. Our conclusion is that there exist healthy descriptions of non-singular bouncing cosmologies providing a viable resolution of the big-bang singularities in cosmological models. Our results also suggest a variant of ekpyrotic cosmology, in which entropy perturbations are generated during the contracting phase, but are only converted into curvature perturbations after the bounce.
description: 43 pages, 18 figures
Detection of Roof Shading for PV Based on Lidar Data Using a Multi-Modal Approach
Creators: name: Palmer, D.
name: Cole, I.
name: Goss, B.
name: Betts, T.
name: Gottschalg, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1753-1759
description: There is a current drive to increase rooftop deployment of PV. Suitable roofs need to be located, especially as
regards shading. A shadow cast on one small section of a solar panel can disproportionately undermine output of the entire
system. Nevertheless, few shading figures are available to researchers and developers. This paper reviews and categorizes a
number of methods of determining shade losses on photovoltaic systems. Two existing methods are tested on case study
areas: shadow simulation from buildings and ambient occlusion. The first is conceptually simple and was found to be useful
where data is limited. The second is slightly more demanding in terms of data input and mathematical models. It produces
attractive shadow maps but is intended for speed and represents an approximation to ray-tracing. Accordingly, a new model
was developed which is fast, flexible and accurately models solar radiation.
A New Light Induced Volume Degradation Effect of mc-Si Solar Cells and Modules
Creators: name: Kersten, F.
name: Engelhart, P.
name: Ploigt, H.-C.
name: Stenzel, F.
name: Petter, K.
name: Lindner, T.
name: Szpeth, A.
name: Bartzsch, M.
name: Stekolnikov, A.
name: Scherff, M.
name: Heitmann, J.
name: Müller, J.W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1830-1834
description: In this work the performance stability of rear side passivated mc-Si solar cells and modules under carrier
injection at different temperatures is investigated. Severe degradation levels of above 10% can be detected which cannot
be explained by B-O complex formation or FeB pair dissociation. A high statistic of cells and modules degraded in lab
and outdoor using material from different suppliers confirm the relevance of this new effect. LeTID (Light and elevated
Temperature Induced Degradation) is a mc-Si bulk phenomena leading to a highly injection dependent degradation and
features a regeneration phase after degradation. Characteristics of LeTID as a function of temperature and injection
level are presented and a comparison between laboratory and outdoor tests is drawn. The time constant of this
degradation mechanism accelerates with increasing temperature, however, the time span for degradation and
regeneration of thousands of hours at relevant temperatures between 60-85°C demands for a solution on wafer material
or processing side. LeTID can be significantly reduced by adapting the cell process and processing sequence.
Key Elements in the Design of Bifacial PV Power Plants
Creators: name: Lindsay, A.
name: Chiodetti, M.
name: Dupeyrat, P.
name: Binesti, D.
name: Lutun, E.
name: Radouane, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1764-1769
description: Bifacial solar cells convert photons into electricity on both their front and rear sides, which makes the
assessment of solar resource trickier than for classical solar cells that are active on their front side only. Indeed, the
solar irradiation received by the front side of the module is highly dependent on direct and diffuse irradiation and not
to the same degree on ground-reflected irradiation. In a tilted configuration, the back side of the module hardly ever
receives direct irradiation, thus increasing the importance of a good estimation of ground-reflected irradiation.
A model has been developed with the Modelica language in a Dymola simulation environment in order to calculate the
back-side solar irradiations received by the different modules in a PV installation. The simulation and experimental
results prove that the albedo of the ground surface is of prime importance. However, the shadow of the PV
installation on the ground also has a direct impact on the amount of electricity generated by the rear side.
This paper assesses the relative impacts of several factors of importance in the design of a bifacial PV power plant such
as elevation of structures, ground albedo, tilt angle and spacing between structures.
Fault Diagnosis and Classification of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Plants through Aerial Orthophoto Thermal Mapping
Creators: name: Tsanakas, J.A.
name: Vannier, G.
name: Plissonnier, A.
name: Ha, D.L.
name: Barruel, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1783-1788
description: Today, towards the great deployment of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants, the implementation of
wide-area orthophoto infrared thermography (IRT), integrated with effective fault diagnosis and classification,
comprises an emerging challenge and, thus, high motivation in the field of reliability research and development of
photovoltaic systems. This paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing study, upon an aerial IRT imaging
application for detection, diagnosis and classification of faults in crystalline silicon PV plants. The proposed widearea
IRT measurements were implemented in the field, by a light unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a thermal
imaging system. The output of such system comprises an IRT map of the inspected PV plant which depicts the
thermal signature of each operating PV module, in the infrared spectrum. Any abnormality witnessed in the thermal
pattern of a PV module, is assigned to a possible fault type. Auxiliary monitoring and characterization, by means of
IRT, electrical performance (I-V) characterization and electroluminescence (EL), successfully validated the largescale
observations and confirmed each occurring fault type.
Realistic Yield Expectations for Bifacial PV Systems – An Assessment of Announced, Predicted and Observed Benefits
Creators: name: Reise, C.
name: Schmid, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1775-1779
description: Bifacial PV modules are able to convert solar irradiation from both surfaces. Therefore, larger amounts
of produced energy are expected – compared to standard (monofacial) modules. Today, bifacial modules are offered
by an increasing number of manufacturers, and marketing material sometimes promises quite optimistic bifacial
gains. Reports on bifacial PV systems are also found in the literature, but mainly for test setups or small PV systems
only. For large PV installations (as known with standard PV modules), realistic bifacial gains still need an assessment.
Currently, none of the widely utilized PV system simulation tools is able to predict the rear surface contribution
of bifacial modules accurately. Therefore, our approach combines simulation tools from different fields of (solar) energy
technology, the lighting and daylighting domain and the PV system simulation domain. In this way, we are able
to deal with solar geometry, sky radiance distribution, scene geometry, surface properties, PV module properties and
wiring scheme without any need for severe approximations in the model definition. Using this tool, we calculated realistic
yield values for a number of system configurations. The results are discussed with respect to their bifacial gain
in relation to space requirements (expressed by ground cover ratio), mounting options and ground albedo. Reasonable
ranges for expectable gains from bifacial modules and PV systems are given in the conclusion of this contribution
Spatiotemporal Model for Dust Impact and Mitigation for Solar PV Using Saudi Arabia as a Case Study
Creators: name: Alqatari, S.
name: Alhassan, A.
name: De Weck, O.
name: Alfaris, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1770-1774
description: In many of the regions with abundant solar energy, atmospheric aerosols, and dust in particular,
comprise a pressing issue in harnessing their energy potential. A better understanding of the natural and
environmental boundaries of energy systems can yield to performance optimization of current technology. This work
aims to incorporate the analysis of atmospheric dust into the modeling and simulation of PV system, as opposed to
treating it as a system externality. A methodology developed to quantify the impact of dust, and a subsequent
spatiotemporal model that simulates the energy losses due to dust, are presented. The model also includes a dust
mitigation dimension, which allows for optimizing choice of self-cleaning technology at a particular time and
location, to potentially recover some of the energy lost due to dust. The model is intended for a large-scale, predesign
stage planning of solar PV systems, and is tested using Saudi Arabia as a case study.
Validation of the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) (2005-2012)
Creators: name: Sengupta, M.
name: Weekley, A.
name: Habte, A.
name: Lopez, A.
name: Molling, C.
name: Heidinger, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1710-1716
description: Publicly accessible, high-quality, long-term, satellite-based solar resource data is foundational and critical to solar
technologies to quantify system output predictions and deploy solar energy technologies in grid-tied systems. Solar radiation
models have been in development for more than three decades. For many years, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
(NREL) developed and/or updated such models through the National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB). There are two widely
used approaches to derive solar resource data from models: (a) an empirical approach that relates ground-based observations to
satellite measurements and (b) a physics-based approach that considers the radiation received at the satellite and creates retrievals
to estimate clouds and surface radiation. Although empirical methods have been traditionally used for computing surface
radiation, the advent of faster computing has made operational physical models viable. The Physical Solar Model (PSM)
developed by NREL in collaboration with the University of Wisconsin and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) computes global horizontal irradiance (GHI) using the visible and infrared channel measurements from
the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) system. PSM uses a two-stage scheme that first retrieves cloud
properties and then uses those properties to calculate surface radiation. The cloud properties in PSM are generated using the
AVHRR Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) algorithms [5]. Using the cloud mask from PATMOS-x, and aerosol
optical depth (AOD) and precipitable water vapor (PWV) from ancillary sources, the direct normal irradiance (DNI) and GHI are
computed for clear-sky conditions using the MMAC model. For cloud scenes identified by the cloud mask, the Satellite
Algorithm for Surface Radiation Budget (SASRAB) is used to compute the GHI. The DNI for cloud scenes is then computed
using the DISC model [6]. The current NSRDB update has a 4-km x 4-km, 30-minute resolution covering 20052012. This
paper evaluates the PSM-based NSRDB data set using ground-measured data and provides detailed evaluation statistics. The
result of the comparison shows a good correlation between the NSRDB and ground data. Further, an outline of the next version
of the NSRDB and future plans for enhancement and improvement are provided. This version is expected to be released in
September 2015 and will contain data from 19982014.
Analysis of Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker on Distribution Networks with Significant PV Installations
Creators: name: Pukhrem, S.
name: Conlon, M.F.
name: Sunderland, K.
name: Basu, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1720-1725
description: This paper focuses on the application of the OpenDSS network simulation tool to investigate the
behaviour of sub-transmission or distribution networks with significant levels of PV installed. The analysis is carried
out in an integrated simulation environment which allows for the utilisation of recorded PV-output and load demand
data in conjunction with network representation. The simulation tool incorporates energy storage as a means to
alleviate voltage variations as a result of varying PV output levels. The charging or discharging decision of the
storage element is determined from the condition of the voltage variation ratio.
Key role of lattice symmetry in the metal-insulator transition of NdNiO3 films
Creators: name: Zhang, Jack Y.
name: Kim, Honggyu
name: Mikheev, Evgeny
name: Hauser, Adam J.
name: Stemmer, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bulk NdNiO3 exhibits a metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) as the temperature is lowered that is also seen in tensile strained films. In contrast, films that are under a large compressive strain typically remain metallic at all temperatures. To clarify the microscopic origins of this behavior, we use position averaged convergent beam electron diffraction in scanning transmission electron microscopy to characterize strained NdNiO3 films both above and below the MIT temperature. We show that a symmetry lowering structural change takes place in case of the tensile strained film, which undergoes an MIT, but is absent in the compressively strained film. Using space group symmetry arguments, we show that these results support the bond length disproportionation model of the MIT in the rare-earth nickelates. Furthermore, the results provide insights into the non-Fermi liquid phase that is observed in films for which the MIT is absent.
description: Accepted for publication in Scientific Reports
Electroluminescence Imaging of PV Devices: Uncertainty due to Optical and Perspective Distortion
Creators: name: Bedrich, K.
name: Bliss, M.
name: Betts, T.R.
name: Gottschalg, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1748-1752
description: Electroluminescence (EL) images taken from on-field measurements often suffer from optical and
perspective distortion affecting the interpretation and quantification of the images taken. Methods to correct these
distortions are presented as well as a method to assess the associated uncertainties. This method uses the uncertainty of
pixel position as intermediate step. The influence of pixel deflection, re-projection error and depth-of-field blur is evaluated.
Three different camera systems are compared regarding tilt angle dependence. The re-projection error and the camera’s
focal length are identified as major influence on the resulting uncertainty. It was shown that EL images with sufficient
quality can be recovered, from images taken at high perspective misalignments with tilt angles of about 50°.
Optimization of the Site for a Carport with a PV System Concept for Electric Vehicles
Creators: name: Birtel, J.
name: Te Heesen, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1717-1719
description: An optimized connection between solar energy and zero emission mobility represents the construction
of a carport with a PV system concept for electric vehicles. In the context of a pilot project we support a public
contracting entity in the planning of the carport. The reduction of the energy yield for PV systems by shading,
especially in urban areas, can be so large that the profitability is reduced. For this reason we develop a threedimensional
model of the carport location and perform an optimization of the site with the help of the simulation
software PV Sol Expert 6.0. The wiring of the PV modules is configured in a high and a low powered string, so that
the energy loss is minimized. An additional PV plant will be installed on the roof of a surrounding building to
increase the own consumption and to improve the overall profitability. The evaluation of the annual hourly energy
yield values from the complete system enables us forecasts regarding the battery energy of the electric vehicle based
on certain assumptions.
Olivier Chesneau's work on novae
Creators: name: Millour, Florentin
name: Lagadec, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Olivier Chesneau founded a brand new field of observational astrophysics with his attempts to resolve the novae expanding fireball from the very first days of the explosion. With the images he could get, he showed that novae do indeed explode in an aspherical way, leading to a change of paradigm for the physics of these yet-poorly understood catastrophic systems. He also set the stage for a new way of estimating novae distances, by directly measuring the sky-size of the fireball and comparing it with spectroscopic scales, taking into account the tremendous effects of the fireball geometry.
description: The physics of Evolved Stars, Jun 2015, Nice, France
An efficient Monte Carlo interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method for elastic wave scattering in random media
Creators: name: Feng, Xiaobing
name: Lorton, Cody
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N12, 65N15, 65N30, 78A40

description: This paper develops and analyzes an efficient Monte Carlo interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin (MCIP-DG) method for elastic wave scattering in random media. The method is constructed based on a multi-modes expansion of the solution of the governing random partial differential equations. It is proved that the mode functions satisfy a three-term recurrence system of partial differential equations (PDEs) which are nearly deterministic in the sense that the randomness only appears in the right-hand side source terms, not in the coefficients of the PDEs. Moreover, the same differential operator applies to all mode functions. A proven unconditionally stable and optimally convergent IP-DG method is used to discretize the deterministic PDE operator, an efficient numerical algorithm is proposed based on combining the Monte Carlo method and the IP-DG method with the $LU$ direct linear solver. It is shown that the algorithm converges optimally with respect to both the mesh size $h$ and the sampling number $M$, and practically its total computational complexity is only amount to solving very few deterministic elastic Helmholtz equations using the $LU$ direct linear solver. Numerically experiments are also presented to demonstrate the performance and key features of the proposed MCIP-DG method.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures and 3 tables