cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Perfect alignment and preferential orientation of nitrogen-vacancy centers during CVD growth of diamond on (111) surfaces
Creators: name: Michl, Julia
name: Teraji, Tokuyuki
name: Zaiser, Sebastian
name: Jakobi, Ingmar
name: Waldherr, Gerald
name: Dolde, Florian
name: Neumann, Philipp
name: Doherty, Marcus W.
name: Manson, Neil B.
name: Isoya, Junichi
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synthetic diamond production is key to the development of quantum metrology and quantum information applications of diamond. The major quantum sensor and qubit candidate in diamond is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center. This lattice defect comes in four different crystallographic orientations leading to an intrinsic inhomogeneity among NV centers that is undesirable in some applications. Here, we report a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor decomposition (MPCVD) diamond growth technique on (111)-oriented substrates that yields perfect alignment ($94\pm2%$) of as-grown NV centers along a single crystallographic direction. In addition, clear evidence is found that the majority ($74\pm4%$) of the aligned NV centers were formed by the nitrogen being first included in the (111) growth surface and then followed by the formation of a neighboring vacancy on top. The achieved homogeneity of the grown NV centers will tremendously benefit quantum information and metrology applications.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, changes to previous version: added acknowledgement
CCTV mediated observation versus non-mediated observation: investigating perceived image quality with different test systems
Creators: name: BENNIS, Arthur
name: LANDMAN, Renske B.
name: LENIOR, Dick T.M.J.
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: A basic question in practice is whether perceived image quality decreases when
using a CCTV system (mediated) compared to direct observation (non-mediated). Three main characteristics were investigated: (1) test systems, (2) light conditions, and (3) image scaling. At (1) interpretable differences were found. At (2) normal light conditions (500 lux), no differences were found between mediated and non-mediated vision, while at 50 lux, mediated vision is significantly better. At (3) upscaling has a negative effect on quality of mediated observation. The results lead to clear indications for the setup of future research in laboratory as well as in practice.
Improving energy efficiency in the retail sector through job redesign: a sociotechnical systems approach
Creators: name: CHRISTINA, Sian
name: WATERSON, Patrick
name: DAINTY, Andrew
name: DANIELS, Kevin
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: Over recent years, the UK retail sector has made a significant contribution to
societal responses on carbon reduction. We examine how energy related technologies and strategies are incorporated into organisational life through a study on behavioural energy efficiency within one of the UK’s leading retailers. Our qualitative data was gathered from a total of 61 participants gathered using phased interviews and focus groups. We introduce an adapted socio-technical framework approach to build on and enhance an existing behavioural strategy to support reductions in energy use. Our findings point to sociotechnical and goal-setting factors which both impede and/or enable energy efficient behaviours, these include: tensions created by a lack of alignment between the store level perception of energy management goals, and the reality of the strategic approach; an emphasis on the importance of technology for underpinning change processes; and, the need for feedback and incentives to support the completion of energy-related tasks.
Growth, Productivity, and Policy Instruments During the Lost Decade: A Replication of Beason and Weinstein (1996) for the Period 1992-1998
Creators: name: Pinkovskiy, Maxim L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Industrial policy
Economic development--Political aspects
Japanese--Economic conditions
Industrial productivity
Commerce

description: We replicate the analysis of the connection between Japanese sectoral productivity growth and industrial policy performed by Beason and Weinstein (1996) of national accounts data for the period 1992 to 1999. We show that despite some positive raw correlations between growth and industrial policy tools, there is no robust association between growth and industrial policy in the 1990s. This is consistent with the conclusions of Beason and Weinstein for the high-growth period (1960-1973). We also confirm the development of some trends evident in the previous data, such as the skewed distribution of policy instrument application to politically influential industries and the inconsistent application of different instruments to industries. Overall, the data is much more consistent with a theory of Japanese industrial policy as a product of political economy than industrial policy as a response to growth and productivity.
High-performance NC for high-speed machining by means of polynomial trajectories
Creators: name: Lartigue, Claire
name: Tournier, Christophe
name: Ritou, Mathieu
name: Dumur, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper summarises works carried out for defining tool trajectory formats well adapted to High Speed Machining (HSM). Advantages in using native polynomial formats, calculated directly from the CAD model, are highlighted. In particular, polynomial surface formats are presented as a generic format for tool trajectory. Illustrations show that surface formats represent a good compromise between smoothness machining time, and surface quality.
Challenges to the Conservation of River Turtles (spp. Podocnemis) in the Peruvian Amazon
Creators: name: Laso, Francisco
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Turtles--Ecology
subject: Endangered species--Protection
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Wildlife conservation

description: These images were captured during the summer of 2007 as part of an ongoing study that addresses habitat and community dynamics from broad to narrow ecological vantage points. Amazonian river turtles are ecologically important as they play an essential role in the seed dispersal of several fruit tree species in the flooded plain. These turtles also have religious, cultural, and economic significance for indigenous river communities. The endangered Amazonian river turtles Podocnemis expansa, P. unifilis, and P. sextuberculata are a local delicacy in Iquitos, Peru. Despite their importance and familiarity to people, we know very little about these species and commercial exploitation has decimated turtle populations outside natural reserves. Conservation of these species is aimed at the sustained wellbeing of the flooded forest ecosystem and its inhabitants. The hope is that future generations will inherit the success of our good stewardship rather than the failings of our negligence.
Shapes and dynamic regimes of a polar active fluid droplet under confinement
Creators: name: Tiribocchi, Adriano
name: Durve, Mihir
name: Lauricella, Marco
name: Montessori, Andrea
name: Marenduzzo, Davide
name: Succi, Sauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active droplets are artificial microswimmers built from a liquid dispersion by microfluidic tools and showing self-propelled motion. These systems hold particular interest for mimicking biological phenomena, such as some aspects of cell locomotion and collective behaviors of bacterial colonies, as well as for the design of droplet-based biologically inspired materials, such as engineered tissues. Growing evidence suggests that geometrical confinement crucially affects their morphology and motility, but the driving physical mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we study the effect of activity on a droplet containing a contractile polar fluid confined within microfluidic channels of various sizes. We find a surprising wealth of shapes and dynamic regimes, whose mechanics is regulated by a subtle interplay between contractile stress, droplet elasticity and microchannel width. They range from worm-like and cell-like shaped droplets displaying an oscillating behavior within wider channels to bullet-shaped droplets exhibiting rectilinear motion in narrower slits. Our findings support the view that geometrical confinement can provide a viable strategy to control and predict the propulsion direction of active droplets. It would be of interest to look for analogues of these motility modes in biological cells or in synthetic active matter.
description: Accepted on Physics of Fluids
The study of possible molecular states of $D_s^{(*)}D_s^{(*)}$ and $B_s^{(*)}B_s^{(*)}$
Creators: name: Ke, Hong-Wei
name: Shi, Yan-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the LHCb collaboration reported a new exotic state $T^+_{cc}$ which is conjectured to be a molecular state of $D^0D^{*+}$ (or $D^{*0}D^{+}$) theoretically. Belle Collaboration also searched for tetraquark state $X_{ccss}$ in $D_sD_s (D^*_sD^*_s )$ final states but no significant signals were observed, which did not rule out the possibility of $X_{ccss}$ to be a molecular state of $D_sD_s (D^*_sD^*_s )$. Inspired by these experimental results on double charmed exotic state, in this paper we study whether the molecular bound states of $D_s^{(*)}D_s^{(*)}$ and $B_s^{(*)}B_s^{(*)}$ can exist with the Bethe-Salpeter (B-S) equation approach. We employ heavy meson chiral perturbation theory with one boson-exchange approximation to calculate the interaction kernels in the B-S equations. Our numerical results suggest that two $B_s^{*}$ mesons perhaps form a $0^+$ molecular state. Future experimental search for $X_{ccss}$ states in other decay channels may shed light on the structure of double charmed exotic state.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures and 4 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2112.14142
title: Das Guckkasten-Lied vom großen Hecker; [1848]
title: (Nach bekannter Melodei zu singen.)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Nadler, Karl Gottfried
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Textanfang: 1. Seht da steht der große Hecker, Eine Feder auf dem Hut, Seht, da Steht der Volkserwecker, Lechzend nach Tyrannenblut! ...
Uncertainty and Climate Change Intervention: An Introduction to the Economics of Climate Change
Creators: name: Park, Jisung
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Climate change mitigation
Uncertainty (Information theory)
Global warming--Law and legislation--Economic aspects
Global warming--Economic aspects
Climatic changes--Economic aspects
Climatic changes
Economics

description: The pressing reality of global climate change has resulted in a great deal of focus on proposals for market-based government intervention. Currently proposed intervention can take one of two forms: either it can achieve reductions in carbon emissions by controlling the quantity of allowable carbon emissions or it can do the same by setting the price of carbon emissions. If we approach the issue of climate change as a classic externality problem and assume perfect information, economic theory suggests that an optimal level of carbon abatement can be achieved by either method. But, with the issue of climate change we are dealing with a host of unknown costs and benefits of abatement, and we cannot be sure that either method will be efficient. Thus, the role of uncertainty must factor into any policy decision. In this paper, we apply theoretical concepts of informational uncertainty to the issue of climate change. We find that depending on the curvatures of the costs and benefit functions, one type of government intervention may be preferable to the other, with arguments made for each case. Our analysis will highlight the need for further research into the anthropogenic causes and effects of climate change, as well as the need for policymakers to consider the role uncertainty and the precautionary principle play when deciding what sort of government intervention policy to pursue.
A prospective study of a macroergonomics process over five years demonstrates significant prevention of workers’ compensation cl
Creators: name: HELLER-ONO, Alison
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: This prospective study shows the effect of a macroergonomics process on a large
government organization of 4500 employees who primarily work at a computer workstation and are relatively “healthy” but often report symptoms to the neck, upper extremities (UE) and/or back. The Worksite International Ergonomics Process® (WIEP) was implemented over a 5 year period from 2009-2013 to address rising repetitive motion injury rates and involves approximately 1550 employees directly. The results show that an early symptom reporting process minimizes workers’ compensation claim filing, reduces costs and keeps employees safer, healthier and productive in the work place.
On toral posets and contact Lie algebras
Creators: name: Mayers, Nicholas W.
name: Russoniello, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A $(2k+1)-$dimensional Lie algebra is called contact if it admits a one-form $φ$ such that $φ\wedge(dφ)^k\neq 0.$ Here, we extend recent work to describe a combinatorial procedure for generating contact, type-A Lie poset algebras whose associated posets have chains of arbitrary cardinality, and we conjecture that our construction leads to a complete characterization.
Sustainable Living and Mongolian Nomads: Is There Development?
Creators: name: Batkhishig, Dulguun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Sustainable development
subject: Nomads
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cultural property--Protection

description: Though originally from Mongolia, I have lived and studied in London since 1997, but during this time, my connection with my homeland has motivated me to maintain a passion for its development. Consequently, I have studied Development and Economics at the University of London’s School of Oriental and African Studies.

At the moment, I’m working for CAMDA, a UK charity that assists nomads in overcoming the difficult challenges they face, as well as Go Help UK, an organization with a strong presence in Mongolia fighting for child protection. Involvement with these groups has allowed me to take part in the arduous journey toward a developed Mongolia.

I have plans to study further in the field of agricultural and sustainable development, and, as the processes of development are not uniform from place to place, I want to explore the unique way Mongolia can attain proper development.
Images and Voices of Change: Engaging Local Community in Assessing Impact of Millennium Villages Project in their Lives in Sauri Village, Western Kenya
Creators: name: Nyasimi, Mary
name: Okang'a, Joseph
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Photograph collections
subject: First person narrative
subject: Ethnology
subject: Journalism
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The Earth Institute at Columbia University is implementing a development program in ten countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Referred to as the Millennium Village Project (MVP), the program aims to use a combination of science-based interventions and community participation to transform the livelihoods of African people and ultimately lift them out of extreme poverty. Involvement of local people is a critical ingredient and key processes of empowering them and ensuring the sustainability of MVP. To engage local people in assessing the impact of MVP on their lives, a community led Photovoice project was initiated in the first millennium village-Sauri, Kenya. In this project, local research participants used digital cameras and their own narratives to share their emic view of their changing world. The main objective of this photo essay is to share photographs and narratives from ten local research participants of different ages, educational levels and gender. The photographs and stories indicate that MVP is positively impacting on local people, and it can be used as a monitoring tool for various activities. In addition, the research participants were enthusiastic about Photovoice, and they provided a powerful internal visual interpretation of community changes. All the photographs and their stories will be shared in a community Photovoice exhibition later this year.
A remarkable recurrent nova in M31 - The X-ray observations
Creators: name: Henze, M.
name: Ness, J. -U.
name: Darnley, M. J.
name: Bode, M. F.
name: Williams, S. C.
name: Shafter, A. W.
name: Kato, M.
name: Hachisu, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Another outburst of the recurrent M31 nova M31N 2008-12a was announced in late November 2013. Optical data suggest an unprecedentedly short recurrence time of approximately one year. In this Letter we address the X-ray properties of M31N 2008-12a. We requested Swift monitoring observations shortly after the optical discovery. We estimated source count rates and extracted X-ray spectra from the resulting data. The corresponding ultraviolet (UV) data was also analysed. M31N 2008-12a was clearly detected as a bright supersoft X-ray source (SSS) only six days after the well-constrained optical discovery. It displayed a short SSS phase of two weeks duration and an exceptionally hot X-ray spectrum with an effective blackbody temperature of ~97 eV. During the SSS phase the X-ray light curve displayed significant variability that might have been accompanied by spectral variations. The very early X-ray variability was found to be anti-correlated with simultaneous variations in the UV flux. The X-ray properties of M31N 2008-12a coherently point towards a high-mass white dwarf in the nova system. This object might be a promising Type Ia supernova progenitor. We re-discovered additional X-ray detections of M31N 2008-12a that are consistent with our data and increase the number of known nova outbursts to seven. This nova is an exceptional object that merits further attention in the future.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in A&A Letters (updated to mirror accepted version)
Additional file 1 of Validation of APACHE II, APACHE III and SAPS II scores in in-hospital and one year mortality prediction in a mixed intensive care unit in Poland: a cohort study
Creators: name: Czajka, Szymon
name: Ziębińska, Katarzyna
name: Marczenko, Konstanty
name: Posmyk, Barbara
name: Szczepańska, Anna J.
name: Łukasz J. Krzych
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Mortality prediction by APACHE II, APACHE III and SAPS II by type of admission. Appendix 2. Calibration plots for APACHE II, APACHE III and SAPS II for short-term (A) and long-term (B) mortality.
Additional file 1 of A comparison of feature selection methodologies and learning algorithms in the development of a DNA methylation-based telomere length estimator
Creators: name: Doherty, Trevor
name: Dempster, Emma
name: Hannon, Eilis
name: Mill, Jonathan
name: Poulton, Richie
name: Corcoran, David
name: Sugden, Karen
name: Williams, Ben
name: Caspi, Avshalom
name: Moffitt, Terrie E.
name: Delany, Sarah Jane
name: Murphy, Therese M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Performance metrics information, correlation plots, multiple linear regression results and blood cell count correlation tables.
Additional file 2 of “Side effects--part of the package”: a mixed methods approach to study adverse events among patients being programmatically treated for DR-TB in Gujarat, India
Creators: name: Jakasania, Arjunkumar
name: Kalpita Shringarpure
name: Dixit Kapadia
name: Sharma, Radhika
name: Kedar Mehta
name: Arpit Prajapati
name: Soundappan Kathirvel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2.
From the Global to the Local: How International Children’s Rights in Bangladesh Reach the Grassroots Level
Creators: name: Schapper, Andrea
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Child labor
Children's rights
Public policy (Law)
Industrial relations
Social service

description: The Government of Bangladesh has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the ILO Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention. Although national legislation pertaining to children’s rights is inconsistent and the National Child Labor Policy has yet to be adopted, many activities to transport children’s rights principles to underprivileged children have already been initiated in Bangladesh. These mainly take the form of projects by International Organizations or the Bangladesh Government, implemented through local Non-Governmental Organizations or local government structures. Two programs are introduced here, the rural “Food for Education” Program and the urban project, “Prevention and Elimination of Selected Worst Forms of Child Labour in the Informal Economy in Dhaka City”. Both are analyzed in terms of what mechanisms and actor constellations were used to promote children’s rights at the grassroots level. Even though these projects reflect the principles of global norms and transport them to the local people, reaching out to a high number of underprivileged and poor children remains a challenge.
Simulation of the Dynamics of Many-Body Quantum Spin Systems Using Phase-Space Techniques
Creators: name: Ng, Ray
name: Deuar, Piotr
name: Sorensen, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reformulate the full quantum dynamics of spin systems using a phase space representation based on SU(2) coherent states which generates an exact mapping of the dynamics of any spin system onto a set of stochastic differential equations. The new representation is superior in practice to an earlier phase space approach based on Schwinger bosons, with the numerical effort scaling only linearly with system size. By also implementing extrapolation techniques from quasiclassical equations to the full quantum limit, we are able to extend useful simulation times several fold. This approach is applicable in any dimension including cases where frustration is present in the spin system. The method is demonstrated by simulating quenches in the transverse field Ising model in one and two dimensions
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Servicios de viticultura de precisión para una gestión más sostenible del viñedo
Creators: name: VitiGEOSS Partners
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: VitiGEOSS presentation delivered during the Spanish local stakeholder event organised by the project on November 2021
description: The VitiGEOSS project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 869565.
Un algorithme de débruitage Non-Local means espace-fréquence (A space-frequency Non-Local means image denoising algorithm)
Creators: name: Postec, Simon
name: Froment, Jacques
name: Vedel, Béatrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The efficiency of the Non-Local means (NLM) image denoising algorithm relies on the identification of similar original pixels from noisy similar patches. Hence fine details and low-contrasted structures are badly recovered after the application of NLM. But as these structures tend to correspond to redundant ones in the Fourier domain, NLM filtering in this domain allows one to better denoise them. A mixed space-frequency approach improves the denoising performances of NLM because it ensures that the information is redundant enough, in the spatial domain or in the frequency domain. Our approach is simple : it consists in running two times the NLM algorithm (firstly in the frequency domain and secondly in the spatial domain). For fine textures and isolated points we get a better visual reconstruction than with the original NLM. In terms of PSNR, the improvement can be over 1 dB. Our approach gives intermediate results between the original NLM and state-of-the-art methods while at the same time having moderate complexity and leading to few visual artifacts.
Revisiting $\mathbf{Vh(\rightarrow b \bar b)}$ at the LHC and FCC-hh
Creators: name: Bishara, Fady
name: Englert, Philipp
name: Grojean, Christophe
name: Panico, Giuliano
name: Rossia, Alejo N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diboson production processes provide good targets for precision measurements at present and future hadron colliders. We consider $Vh$ production, focusing on the $h \to b\bar b$ decay channel, whose sizeable cross section makes it accessible at the LHC. We perform an improved analysis by combining the 0-, 1- and 2-lepton channels with a scale-invariant $b$-tagging algorithm that allows us to exploit events with either a boosted Higgs via mass-drop tagging or resolved $b$-jets. This strategy gives sensitivity to 4 dimension-6 SMEFT operators that modify the $W$ and $Z$ couplings to quarks and is competitive with the bounds obtained from global fits. The benefit of the $h\to b\bar b$ decay channel is the fact that it is the only $Vh$ channel accessible at the LHC Run 3 and HL-LHC, while at FCC-hh it is competitive with the effectively background-free $h\to γγ$ channel assuming $\lesssim 5$% systematic uncertainty. Combining the boosted and resolved categories yields a 17% improvement on the most strongly bounded Wilson coefficient at the LHC Run 3 with respect to the boosted category alone (and a 7% improvement at FCC-hh). We also show that, at FCC-hh, a binning in the rapidity of the $Vh$ system can significantly reduce correlations between some EFT operators. The bounds we obtain translate to a lower bound on the new physics scale of $5$, $8$, and $20$ TeV at the LHC Run 3, HL-LHC, and FCC-hh respectively, assuming new-physics couplings of order unity. Finally, we assess the impact of the $Vh$ production channel on anomalous triple gauge coupling measurements, comparing with their determination at lepton colliders.
description: 21 + 23 pages, 14 figures, 34 tables, 6 appendices. v2: added clarifications, minor corrections, conclusions unchanged, matches published version
Assessing the utility of death assemblages as reference conditions in a common benthic index (M-AMBI) with simulations
Creators: name: Smith, Jansen A.
name: Pruden, Matthew J.
name: Handley, John C.
name: Durham, Stephen R.
name: Dietl, Gregory P.
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary figures and analyses referred to in the text
Linkage disequilibrium blocks, haplotype structure, and htSNPs of human CYP7A1 gene
Creators: name: Nakamoto, Kaori
name: Wang, Shuang
name: Jenison, Robert
name: Guo, Grace
name: Klaassen, Curtis
name: Wan, Yu-Jui
name: Zhong, Xiao-Bo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Linkage (Genetics)
subject: Cholesterol--Metabolism
subject: Bile acids--Metabolism
subject: Human population genetics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: Cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is the rate limiting enzyme for converting cholesterol into bile acids. Genetic variations in the CYP7A1 gene have been associated with metabolic disorders of cholesterol and bile acids, including hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, arteriosclerosis, and gallstone disease. Current genetic studies are focused mainly on analysis of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at A-278C in the promoter region of the CYP7A1 gene. Here we report a genetic approach for an extensive analysis on linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks and haplotype structures of the entire CYP7A1 gene and its surrounding sequences in Africans, Caucasians, Asians, Mexican-Americans, and African-Americans.

Result: The LD patterns and haplotype blocks of CYP7A1 gene were defined in Africans, Caucasians, and Asians using genotyping data downloaded from the HapMap database to select a set of haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNP). A low cost, microarray-based platform on thin-film biosensor chips was then developed for high-throughput genotyping to study transferability of the HapMap htSNPs to Mexican-American and African-American populations. Comparative LD patterns and haplotype block structure was defined across all test populations.

Conclusion: A constant genetic structure in CYP7A1 gene and its surrounding sequences was found that may lead to a better design for association studies of genetic variations in CYP7A1 gene with cholesterol and bile acid metabolism.
Additional file 1 of “Side effects--part of the package”: a mixed methods approach to study adverse events among patients being programmatically treated for DR-TB in Gujarat, India
Creators: name: Jakasania, Arjunkumar
name: Kalpita Shringarpure
name: Dixit Kapadia
name: Sharma, Radhika
name: Kedar Mehta
name: Arpit Prajapati
name: Soundappan Kathirvel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Operational definitions. Supplementary Table 2. Symptoms of adverse events (n = 207) experienced by patients during first three months of initiation of DR-TB treatment (during July–September 2018) under the RNTCP at a DR-TB Center, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
title: Der Freiheit Hauch weht mächtig durch die Welt!; [1848?]
title: Wohl, wir bewohnen ein glückliches Land ... Wir bauchen nicht der Hände Kraft, Der Dampf nur unsern Reichtum schafft! So recht mein Fürst von Gottes Gnaden Die Kehle mit Champagner baden! Nur der Selbstgenuss - der Arbeit Hohn! - Das ist des Schutzzolls Hoher Lohn! ...
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Gedruckt bei Speckter & Co. in Hamburg
Bicycling geodesics are Kirchhoff rods
Creators: name: Bor, Gil
name: Jackman, Connor
name: Tabachnikov, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A04

description: A bicycle path is a pair of trajectories in ${\mathbb R}^n$, the `front' and `back' tracks, traced out by the endpoints of a moving line segment of fixed length (the `bicycle frame') and tangent to the back track. Bicycle geodesics are bicycle paths whose front track's length is critical among all bicycle paths connecting two given placements of the line segment. We write down and study the associated variational equations, showing that for $n\geq 3$ each such geodesic is contained in a 3-dimensional affine subspace and that the front tracks of these geodesics form a certain subfamily of Kirchhoff rods, a class of curves introduced in 1859 by G. Kirchhoff, generalizing the planar elastic curves of J. Bernoulli and L. Euler.
description: Subsection 2.3 was added, excluding the possibility of abnormal geodesics
The HTO-concept used as a tool when designing a new VTS center in Sweden
Creators: name: CHRISTOFFERSON, Per
name: FROHM, Jörgen
name: SETTERBERG, Per
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operations are defined by highly qualified personnel
supported by advanced technology; an environment that exposes operators to a high cognitive workload. In 2009, Swedish VTS had to increase efficiency with maintained safety and quality. Through the HTO concept, all dimensions that affect the operators’ performance were considered – human, technological and organizational aspects had to be balanced. The article discusses the experiences from using the HTO concept in the VTS domain, presents the results of this specific project and suggests some important principles needed to be in place to guarantee successful outcomes of reorganizing projects.
India, Water and Sustainable Development
Creators: name: Bachhuber, Daniel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Water-supply, Rural
Water resources development--Management
Public health
Sustainability

description: Author's Note:
India faces tremendous developmental challenges, both in water and other sectors, in the next couple of decades. My three-month journey in spring 2008 was, at its core, an exploration of the myriad of complexities to providing safe and sustainable water access. I hope the images will lend an insightful introduction to the challenges of the subcontinent and inspire a desire to learn more.

Introduction:
In February 2008, I took a break from academic studies for three months of real-life study: trying to understand India’s cultural, social and religious constraints to clean water access. The subcontinent has the second largest population in the world, and nearly a quarter of its peoples are lacking access to safe and reliable water.
I set out to discover and document this issue. After landing in Delhi, I traveled to Kanpu, Allahabad and Varanasi, all sites along India’s most famous and-arguably-most toxic river because of heavy domestic and industrial pollution. From there, I went south to the Western Ghats and then northeast to the Kolwan Valley, where stories of complex political dynamics lived in every village. Traveling onward to Mumbai, it was a story of socio-economic inequalities. Finally I ended up in Rajasthan, where the biggest issue is also the most basic: there simply is not nearly enough water. Overall, the journey was an eye-opening exploration of India’s biggest challenge in the coming decade: clean and sustainable water access for all of its citizens.
Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response in Uganda
Creators: name: Cummings, Matthew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Rural poor--Health and hygiene
Communicable diseases
Epidemiology
Public health
Medicine

description: While outbreaks of communicable diseases have long presented an ongoing challenge in the developing world, within recent years the frequency of such outbreaks has risen sharply.  Accordingly, it is clear that strong epidemiological surveillance and response is needed to improve the health of disadvantaged populations in developing nations such as Uganda.  Such populations face the greatest threat from communicable diseases and are more likely to fall victim to illness due to their poverty.  In Uganda, the implementation of Village Health Teams (VHTs) has laid the groundwork for establishing community-based surveillance and response systems that can provide early notification of outbreaks and prevent the unnecessary suffering that accompanies unrecognized epidemics.  Local response programs can also help to identify opportunities for the implementation of sustainable preventive measures and health education activities that will be able to improve the overall welfare of those living in settings of poverty.
Knowledge Spaces and the Completeness of Learning Strategies
Creators: name: Berardi, Stefano
name: de'Liguoro, Ugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a theory of learning aimed to formalize some ideas underlying Coquand's game semantics and Krivine's realizability of classical logic. We introduce a notion of knowledge state together with a new topology, capturing finite positive and negative information that guides a learning strategy. We use a leading example to illustrate how non-constructive proofs lead to continuous and effective learning strategies over knowledge spaces, and prove that our learning semantics is sound and complete w.r.t. classical truth, as it is the case for Coquand's and Krivine's approaches.
Social Responses to Environmental Degradation in Northwest Rural China
Creators: name: Leung, A.
name: O'Donnell, E.
name: Moore, S.
name: Travis, H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Land use, Rural--Environmental aspects
Sex differences
Environmental degradation--Social aspects
Sustainability
Gender identity
Sex role
Environmental sciences

description: This article joins the debate over factors which affect sustainability in China’s rural areas at both the village and individual level.  It assesses gender-based differences in response to environmental problems, effects of farmer innovation circles on village sustainability, and development of environmental consciousness.  We find that both sexes have low environmental consciousness, but women are more likely to be environmentally aware.  Despite an increase in labor from agriculture reforms, women’s status does not increase within the family, limiting their ability to act on their environmentalism.  Education, income, and age are additional demographic factors related to environmental consciousness.  Villagers feel the village is most responsible for environmental protection. The importance of governmental sources of agricultural information was highlighted, as was the impact increasing wealth has on environmental consciousness. In the future women must be vital participants in future sustainability programs, due to high incidence of male migrant city workers, and women’s deep connectedness and dependence on the land.
Manufacturing analysis of the Serra da Estrela PDO cheese under the perspective of systemic design
Creators: name: CARROLA, Tiago E. P.
name: COUVINHAS, Ana F.
name: COELHO, Denis A.
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: The authors conducted a mapping according to a systemic perspective of the
processes involved in the context of manufacturing and distribution of Serra da Estrela PDO cheese. Various methods were used throughout the process, from the analysis of systemic design, through the application of techniques derived from ethnographic methods, which led to the collection of data in the field and consequently provided the immersion of the first author in genuine work situations. Critical points were identified and emphasized in the systemic map with the purpose of encouraging initiatives to address and overcome the gaps and inefficiencies detected.
Locality of staggered overlap operators
Creators: name: Chreim, Nuha
name: Hoelbling, Christian
name: Zielinski, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give an explicit proof for the locality of staggered overlap operators. The proof covers the original two flavor construction by Adams as well as a single flavor version. As in the case of Neuberger's operator, an admissibility condition for the gauge fields is required.
description: 15 pages, no figures, v2: matches PRD version
On three-dimensional dilational elastic metamaterials
Creators: name: Bückmann, Tiemo
name: Schittny, Robert
name: Thiel, Michael
name: Kadic, Muamer
name: Milton, Graeme W.
name: Wegener, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dilational materials are stable three-dimensional isotropic auxetics with an ultimate Poisson's ratio of -1. We design, evaluate, fabricate, and characterize crystalline metamaterials approaching this ideal. To reveal all modes, we calculate the phonon band structures. On this basis, using cubic symmetry, we can unambiguously retrieve all different non-zero elements of the rank-4 effective metamaterial elasticity tensor, from which all effective elastic metamaterial properties follow. While the elastic properties and the phase velocity remain anisotropic, the effective Poisson's ratio indeed becomes isotropic and approaches -1 in the limit of small internal connections. This finding is also supported by independent static continuum-mechanics calculations. In static experiments on macroscopic polymer structures fabricated by three-dimensional printing, we measure Poisson's ratios as low as -0.8 in good agreement with theory. Microscopic samples are also presented.
description: 8 figures
How to Get Beyond the Zero-Sum Game Mentality between State and Non-State Actors in International Environmental Governance
Creators: name: Perrez, Franz Xaver
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Non-state actors (International relations)
Non-governmental organizations
Environmental policy--International cooperation
Public policy (Law)
International relations
Environmental economics

description: This paper examines the participation of stakeholders in environmental policy formulation and implementation. After a short discussion of the main functions and challenges of environmental governance the paper addresses the issue of stakeholder participation and the claim of “democratic deficits” in international environmental governance. It stresses that while non-state actor involvement does not necessarily increase democratic legitimacy, it may nevertheless increase the quality of the environmental policy processes. It will then argue that certain international processes such as the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) have led to an unsatisfactory situation of non-state actor involvement where excessive formalization and proceduralization impede active interaction and input of expertise from non-state actors. It seems that the interaction between state and non-state actors in some of today’s international processes, such as the CSD, has led to a zero-sum gamewhere no party is really benefiting from the contributions of the other. This paper will suggest several changes to get beyond this zero-sum game mentality, including de-formalization of participation, replacement of generalist non-governmental organizations with those that specialize in specific fields, and reformation of the relationship between state and non-state actors so that each might come to see the other as a partner, not as a competitor. It will conclude by arguing that neither the alleged lack of an authoritative, effective central institution addressing the main environmental problems, nor the so-called “democratic deficit” is the main challenge to today’s international environmental governance, but the lack of political will. Political will, however, is not an absolute; it can and has to be stimulated. And this may be one of the most productive contributions that non-state actors can make.
Coherent Photogalvanic Effect for Second-Order Nonlinear Photonics
Creators: name: Yakar, Ozan
name: Nitiss, Edgars
name: Hu, Jianqi
name: Brès, Camille-Sophie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coherent photogalvanic effect leads to the generation of a current under the absorption interference of coherent beams and allows for the inscription of space-charge gratings leading to an effective second-order susceptibility ($χ^{(2)}$). The inscribed grating automatically results in quasi-phase-matching between the interfering beams. Theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out, mostly focusing on the degenerate case of second-harmonic generation, showing significant conversion efficiency enhancements. However, the link between the theory and experiment was not fully established such that general guidelines and achievable conversion efficiency for a given material platform are still unclear. In this work, we theoretically analyze the phenomenological model of coherent photogalvanic effect in optical waveguides. Our model predicts the existence of non-degenerate sum-frequency generation quasi-phase-matching gratings, which is confirmed experimentally for the first time. In addition, we rigorously formulate the time dynamics of the space-charge grating inscription in coherent photogalvanic process. Based on developed theoretical equations for the time dynamics of the space-charge grating formation, we extract the material parameters governing the process for our experimental platform, stoichiometric silicon nitride. The results obtained provides a basis to compare the performances and potentials of different platforms. This work not only supplements the theory of coherent photogalvanic effect, but also enables us to identify critical parameters and limiting factors for the inscription of $χ^{(2)}$ gratings.
Shape coexistence in neutron-deficient Hg isotopes studied via lifetime measurements in $^{184,186}$Hg and two-state mixing calculations
Creators: name: Gaffney, L. P.
name: Hackstein, M.
name: Page, R. D.
name: Grahn, T.
name: Scheck, M.
name: Butler, P. A.
name: Bertone, P. F.
name: Bree, N.
name: Carroll, R. J.
name: Carpenter, M. P.
name: Chiara, C. J.
name: Dewald, A.
name: Filmer, F.
name: Fransen, C.
name: Huyse, M.
name: Janssens, R. V. F.
name: Joss, D. T.
name: Julin, R.
name: Kondev, F. G.
name: Nieminen, P.
name: Pakarinen, J.
name: Rigby, S. V.
name: Rother, W.
name: Van Duppen, P.
name: Watkins, H. V.
name: Wrzosek-Lipska, K.
name: Zhu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutron-deficient mercury isotopes, $^{184,186}$Hg, were studied with the Recoil Distance Doppler Shift (RDDS) method using the Gammasphere array and the Köln Plunger device. The Differential Decay Curve Method (DDCM) was employed to determine the lifetimes of the yrast states in $^{184,186}$Hg. An improvement on previously measured values of yrast states up to $8^{+}$ is presented as well as first values for the $9_{3}$ state in $^{184}$Hg and $10^{+}$ state in $^{186}$Hg. $B(E2)$ values are calculated and compared to a two-state mixing model which utilizes the variable moment of inertia (VMI) model, allowing for extraction of spin-dependent mixing strengths and amplitudes.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables