Salvia dichlamys Epling 1939
Creators: name: González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe
name: Gama-Villanueva, Olga Jazmín
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Salvia
Salvia dichlamys

description: Salvia dichlamys Epling (1939: 276). Type: MEXICO. Estado de México. Temascaltepec: near Rincón, 1960   
 m, 2 July 1932, G. B. Hinton 914 (holotype RSA, isotypes GH, MO!, PH, NY!, UC!). Fig. 3.   
 Salvia nigriflora Epling (1940: 529). Type: MEXICO. Michoacán. Coalcomán: Sierra Naranjillo, 1300 m, G. B. Hinton 13956 (holotype UC!, isotypes CAS!, GH!, LL!, MO-155463!, MO-155464!, NY!, PH!, RSA!, US!).   
Perennial herb, erect, 20–80(–100) cm tall; stems pilose and occasionally covered with glandular-capitate hairs. Leaves with petioles 2–6.4 mm long, sparsely to densely pilose; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, (1.5–)2.8–6.3 × 0.8–1.8(–2.6) cm, acute to rounded at the apex, rounded at the base, margin crenate to serrate, bullate, glabrous and sparsely pilose above, white tomentose beneath. Inflorescences in racemes 12–21 cm long, 4–10 verticillasters each, these 2–4(–6)-flowered, lowermost nodes 2.5–4.4 cm apart. Floral bract lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.8–8 × 1.5–3 mm, deciduous, acute to caudate at the apex, truncate at the base, margin entire, sparsely pilose and ciliated at the margin. Flowers with pedicels 3.6–5.8(–7.2) mm long, pilose and puberulent. Calyx (6.2–) 8.3–11 mm long, 3.8–6 mm wide at the throat, green and purple tinged, pilose, internally covered with tiny appressed hairs, the upper lip 7-veined and entire, lobes of the lips acute. Corolla magenta or purple and with white nectar guides on the lower lip, glabrous except for the upper lip which is sparsely pilose; corolla tube 7–15 mm long, 4.8–7.2 mm wide at the throat, ventricose, constrained toward the base and internally ornate with two papillae; upper lip 5.2–9.2 mm long, lower lip 10–16 × (5.8–) 9.2–12 mm, deflexed. Stamens 2, included; filament 2.4–4 mm long; connective 9.8–12 mm long, ornate at midportion with a short acute tooth; theca 1.7–3.2 mm long. Gynobasic horn 1–1.2 mm long; style 1.6–2.2 cm long, pilose at the apex, lower stigmatic branch acute. Mericarp ovoid, 2.5–2.9 × 1.8–2 mm, light brown and dark brown marbled, smooth and glabrous.  
 Distribution, habitat and phenology: Salvia dichlamys inhabits the Mexican states of Estado de México, Guerrero, Jalisco and Michoacán (fig. 4). It grows in oak and pine-oak forests, from (1167–) 1800– 2400 m. It shares habitat with Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth, Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl., Quercus castanea Née, Q. gentryi C.H.Mull, Q. magnoliifolia Née. It flowers and fructifies from the end of May to November.   
 Discussion: Klitgaard (2012) considers Salvia dichlamys to be conspecific with her concept of S. amarissima. The first belongs to section Fulgentes Epling (1939: 273) and the other to section Uricae Epling (1939: 174). Section Fulgentes differs because the lack of long glandular-capitate hairs throughout the stems, 7-veined upper calyx lip (vs. 5-veined), and red corollas (vs. blue corollas) though there are some populations of S. dichlamys and S. microphylla with purple ones. Furthermore, S. dichlamys has shorter petioles [(2–6.4 vs. (7–) 30–44 mm)], oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate leaves (vs. ovate-deltoid to ovate), less flowers per verticillaster [2–4(–6) vs. 6–10], usually bigger calyces [(6.2–)8.3–11 × 3.8–6 vs. 4.7–7 × 3–4 mm], longer corolla tube [7–15 vs. 5–6.5(–7.3) mm], longer lower corolla lip [(10–16 vs. 7–10(–11.3) mm)], longer filament (2.4–4 vs. 1.5–1.7 mm), longer connective [9.8–12 vs. (2.5–) 5–5.5 mm] and longer style [1.6–2.2 vs. (0.8–) 1.2–1.4 cm], and bigger mericarps [2.5–2.9 × 1.8–2 vs. (1.6–)2.1–2.2 × (0.5–) 1–1.1 mm]. Salvia dichlamys does not grow in Mesoamerican region (fig. 4).   
  Representative specimens examined (Salvia dichlamys):  MEXICO. Guerrero. Coyuca de Catalán: 2.5 km al NE de la comunidad del Aguacate, brecha rumbo a Primer Campo, 18º10’59.52”N 101º273.57” W, 1167 m, 8 November 2009, J . G. González-G. et al. 434 (IBUG!). Jalisco. Concepción de Buenos Aires: 24 km al E de Cd. Guzmán, carr. A Tamazula, 33 A. 40 km por brecha de Vista Hermosa a Concepción de Buenos Aires, 1900 m, 5 July 1988, M . Fuentes-O. 364 (CIIDIR!, ENCB!, GUADA!, IEB!, MEXU!, MICH!). Mazamitla: along road from Jiquilpan to Ciudad Guzmán, in mountains S of Michoacán border, ca. 3 km NE and above puerta El Zapatero (above rancho El Terrero and 2.5 km S of Espinal), 2400 m, 30 July 1960, H . H. Iltis et al. 559 (MICH!, UC!, WIS!). Tamazula de Gordiano: brecha de Tamazula a San Juan de la Montaña, 10.8 km directos al E de Tamazula, 1620 m, 15 July 1988, M . Fuentes-O. 407 (GUADA!, IEB!, MEXU!, MICH!). Tecalitlán: Llano Verde, cerca de Los Corales, Sierra de Los Corales, 1600 m, 24 October 1963, J . Rzedowski 17413 (MICH!, UC!). Michoacán. Aguililla: 500 m al NE de Dos Aguas, antena de microondas Chiqueritos, 2383 m, 1 November 2009, J . J. González-G et al. 420 (IBUG!). Chinicuila: Sierra Naranjillo, 13 July 1939, G . B. Hitnon et al. 13916 (UC!).   
  Representative specimens examined (Salvia amarissima):  MEXICO. Estado de México. Chalco: San Pablo Atlazalpan, 25 May 1985, A . Ventura-A. 4384 (IBUG!). Huehuetoca: presa de Cuevecillas, a 5 km al SW de Huehuetoca, 12 October 1974, A . Patiño-S. 109 (IBUG!). Guanajuato. Atarjea: Aldama, 8 October 1977, S . Zamudio 2513 (IBUG!). Guanajuato: 3 km al NE de Santa Rosa, 20 November 1986, R . Galván & J. D. Galván 2475 (IBUG!). Salvatierra: cerro de los Lobos, 3 km al E del Rancho de Las Cruces, 7 September 1974, D. Flores 40 (IBUG!). Hidalgo. Jacala: Jacala, km 276 carr. Méxcio-Jacala, 1700 m, 30 October 1966, L . M. Villarreal de Puga 15097 (IBUG!). Metzquititlán: Sobre la autopista 105 al N de Tampico, 5.7 mi al N de Metzquititlán, sobre el lado N de la carretera, 21 November 1975, K . M. Peterson & C. R. Broome 491 (IBUG!). Michoacán. Jiquilpan: Los Remedios, 1650 m, 19 October 1984, B . Ceja-R. 125 (CIMI!). Pátzcuaro: cerro del Bao, cerca de Tzurumutaro, 27 October 1988, H . Díaz-B. 5232 (IBUG!). Querétaro. Cadereyta: parador Tepozán, 14 km de la carr. Vizarrón a San Joaquín, 26 August 2001, E . Carranza & S. Zamudio 6225 (IBUG!). Zacatecas. Guadalupe: 3 km al N de la calzada Solidaridad, por la carretera en construcción que entronca con la carretera a Veta Grande, 2412 m, 16 August 2002, J . J. Balleza-C. & M. Adame-G. 12795 (Herbario de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas!).
description: Published as part of González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe & Gama-Villanueva, Olga Jazmín, 2013, Resurrection of Salvia species (Lamiaceae) recently synonymized in Flora Mesoamericana, pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 151 (1) on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.151.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5100542