cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reduced Density Matrices / Static Correlation Functions of Richardson-Gaudin States Without Rapidities
Creators: name: Faribault, Alexandre
name: Dimo, Claude
name: Moisset, Jean-David
name: Johnson, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seniority-zero geminal wavefunctions are known to capture bond-breaking correlation. Among this class of wavefunctions, Richardson-Gaudin states stand out as they are eigenvectors of a model Hamiltonian. This provides a clear physical picture, clean expressions for reduced density matrix (RDM) elements, and systematic improvement (with a complete set of eigenvectors). Known expressions for the RDM elements require the computation of rapidities, which are obtained by first solving for the so-called eigenvalue based variables (EBV) then root-finding of a Lagrange interpolation polynomial. In this manuscript we obtain expressions for the RDM elements directly in terms of the EBV. The final expressions can be computed with the same cost as the rapidity expressions. Therefore, except in particular circumstances, it is entirely unnecessary to compute rapidities at all. The RDM elements require numerically inverting a matrix and while this is usually undesirable we demonstrate that it is stable, except when there is degeneracy in the single-particle energies. In such cases a different construction would be required.
Islamic finance and Sustainable Development Goals. A bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2021
Creators: name: Lanzara, Federica
Publisher: name: European Journal of Islamic Finance
Year: 2021

description: The aim of this research is to provide, through a bibliometric analysis of the last 21 years of thematic literature, an overview on the contribution of sustainable development goals (SDGs) to the discussion in the field of Islamic finance. A bibliometric method has been used to analyze the characteristics, citation patterns and content of 15 documents published in international academic journals, books review and chapters, editorial material and proceedings papers. Considering the findings, the analysis has shown that there is an enormous gap on that field, with a few works on the topic with an impact on research. Through the analysis of the papers, it emerges that qualitative method is the most used method to demonstrate the link between Islamic finance and its relationship in the achievement of sustainable development goals. The research also shows that there is an increase on the academic interest on the topic only in the last four years. Research limitations/implications – The study highlights a limitation, related to the adoption of the bibliometric method. This is due to the fact that databases include only part of the scientific papers and not all world’s sources. However, WOS database, the one adopted for the research, is the world’s most complete index even if it is not complete at all. On the other hand, to have a wider landscape of knowledge on the field of research, they have been considered all kind of sources: books review, chapters, papers published in international and academic journals, editorial materials, reviews and proceedings papers. Originality/value – This research shows the initial attention of the academic world toward the relation between Islamic finance and Sustainable Development Goals, however underlying that this contribution is not systematically interpreted by the different stakeholders and in the different countries. The bibliometric analysis of the literature puts Islamic finance and Sustainable Development Goals in relation but contemporarily indicates that more efforts need to be done in order to enhance this bond both from an academical and a practical point of view. Therefore, with the intention of mapping all the studies that have been done in this regard, the study analyzes how research on the relationship between Islamic finance and social development goals has been addressed, confirm with its qualitative approach the link between Islamic finance and social impact.
description: European Journal of Islamic Finance, No 18 (2021): EJIF - European Journal of Islamic Finance, 18, 2021
Physics of the Galactic Center Cloud G2, on its Way towards the Super-Massive Black Hole
Creators: name: Burkert, Andreas
name: Schartmann, Mark
name: Alig, Christian
name: Gillessen, Stefan
name: Genzel, Reinhard
name: Fritz, Tobias
name: Eisenhauer, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin, structure and evolution of the small gas cloud, G2, is investigated, that is on an orbit almost straight into the Galactic central supermassive black hole (SMBH). G2 is a sensitive probe of the hot accretion zone of Sgr A*, requiring gas temperatures and densities that agree well with models of captured shock-heated stellar winds. Its mass is equal to the critical mass below which cold clumps would be destroyed quickly by evaporation. Its mass is also constrained by the fact that at apocenter its sound crossing timescale was equal to its orbital timescale. Our numerical simulations show that the observed structure and evolution of G2 can be well reproduced if it formed in pressure equilibrium with the surrounding in 1995 at a distance from the SMBH of 7.6e16 cm. If the cloud would have formed at apocenter in the 'clockwise' stellar disk as expected from its orbit, it would be torn into a very elongated spaghetti-like filament by 2011 which is not observed. This problem can be solved if G2 is the head of a larger, shell-like structure that formed at apocenter. Our numerical simulations show that this scenario explains not only G2's observed kinematical and geometrical properties but also the Br_gamma observations of a low surface brightness gas tail that trails the cloud. In 2013, while passing the SMBH G2 will break up into a string of droplets that within the next 30 years mix with the surrounding hot gas and trigger cycles of AGN activity.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, submitted to ApJ
The Geometry of Homological Triangles
Creators: name: Smarandache, Florentin
name: Patrascu, Ion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51F20

description: This book is addressed to students, professors and researchers of geometry, who will find herein many interesting and original results. The originality of the book The Geometry of Homological Triangles consists in using the homology of triangles as a "filter" through which remarkable notions and theorems from the geometry of the triangle are unitarily passed. Our research is structured in seven chapters, the first four are dedicated to the homology of the triangles, while the last ones to their applications.
description: 243 pages; many geometrical color figures
Holographic cold dense matter constrained by neutron stars
Creators: name: Zhang, Lin
name: Huang, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equation of state (EoS) for cold dense matter inside neutron stars is investigated by using holographic QCD models in the framework of the Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton (EMD) system and the improved Karch-Katz-Son-Stephanov (KKSS) action for matter part. This method of describing holographic nuclear matter in the EMD$+$KKSS framework is different from that by using the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action and the Chern-Simons (CS) terms. Combining with the Hebeler-Lattimer-Pethick-Schwenk (HLPS) intermediate equation of state (EoS), the hybrid EoS inside the neutron stars is constructed. The obtained hybrid EoS is located in the range that is defined by the low-density chiral effective theory, the high-density perturbative QCD, and the polytropic interpolations between them, and is constrained by the astrophysics observations. The square of the sound velocity reaches a maximum value larger than $0.8$ in the region of $2-5$ times the saturation baryon number density and approaches the conformal limit at the high baryon density range. The mass-radius relation and the tidal deformability of the neutron stars are in agreement with astrophysical measurements. The possible maximum mass for the neutron star is about $2.5 M_{\odot}$ and the radius is about $12 \mathrm{km}$ then. It is noticed that the holographic quark matter branch in the mass-radius relation is always unstable and the holographic nuclear matter can produce a stable branch. These results indicate that even in the core of the NS, the matter is still in the confinement phase and the quark matter is not favored.
Liquidity Risk Management in the Islamic Banking: Portfolio of Ijara and Murabaha
Creators: name: MABROUK, Abdellatif
name: FARAH, Lamyaa
Publisher: name: European Journal of Islamic Finance
Year: 2021

description: Liquidity risk management in finance has always been well known as a necessity for conventional finance and Islamic finance. Conventional financing addresses this risk through known means. Unlike Islamic financing, this has few instruments suitable for Shari’a to manage this risk. If this risk accelerates, the Islamic bank faces significant challenges in the face of their depositors and investment projects. The objective of this study is to show that holding an optimal level of liquidity is necessary for Islamic banks to minimize the liquidity risk. In this paper, we also examine the relationship between profitability and liquidity. This importance is explained by the fact that these banks cannot always count on the support of the central bank, or on the Islamic money market. We refer in particular to the work of Ben Jedidia et al. (2013).Unlike Ben Jedidia et al. paper, our model of financial intermediation and liquidity risk management uses two factors: Murabaha and Ijara. Two analysis were used, the first one is static and the second one is dynamic, to determine the optimal amount to be held by an Islamic bank using the optimization method. The study reveals that the factors in the first analysis are: the anticipated penalty costs, the rate of return on financing, the sharing rate between the bank and the depositors. This study also reveals in a second dynamic analysis that the factors are: the expected marginal cost of penalty, the ratio of the change in deposits to the change in funding.
description: European Journal of Islamic Finance, No 18 (2021): EJIF - European Journal of Islamic Finance, 18, 2021
Multi-scalar Gauss-Bonnet gravity: scalarized black holes beyond spontaneous scalarization
Creators: name: Staykov, Kalin V.
name: Doneva, Daniela D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a new nonlinear mechanism for black hole scalarization, different from the standard spontaneous scalarization, was demonstrated to exist for scalar Gauss-Bonnet theories in which no tachyonic instabilities can occur. Thus Schwarzschild black hole is linearly stable but instead nonlinear instability can kick-in. In the present paper we extend on this idea in the case of multi-scalar Gauss-Bonnet gravity with exponential coupling functions of third and fourth leading order in the scalar field. The main motivation comes from the fact that these theories admit hairy compact objects with zero scalar charge, thus zero scalar-dipole radiation, that automatically evades the binary pulsar constraints on the theory parameters. We demonstrate numerically the existence of scalarized black holes for both coupling functions and for all possible maximally symmetric scalar field target spaces. The thermodynamics and the stability of the obtained solution branches is also discussed.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Performances of Sharia Mutual Funds in Indonesia: Empirical Evidence from a Developing Economy
Creators: name: Muhammad, Helmi
name: Sari, Niki Puspita
name: Nafisa, Adita
Publisher: name: European Journal of Islamic Finance
Year: 2021

description: This study aims to analyze the efficiency of sharia mutual funds, especially in the sharia mutual funds on stocks, money market, fixed income, and mixed funds. To enact such a purpose, a descriptive quantitative approach was used the investigation of on Sharia mutual funds listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2020 following the criteria of Sharia mutual funds of actively operate in Indonesia stock exchange which has great performance seen from Net Asset Value (NAV). The data analysis was carried out using phases of determining the rate of return calculated from NAV, the measurement of total risk with the standard deviation proxy, and the measurement of its performance using Sharpe ratio. The results indicate that fixed return Sharia mutual fund carries the best performance compared to the stock, money market, and mixed investment funds. It has a higher return per unit risk and maximum probability of investment return above the risk free income. These research findings can be a reference for investors, primarily those who follow Sharia rules, in making mutual funds investment related decision in the future. They also can consider the Sharpe ratio to select the type of Sharia mutual funds in Indonesia, as the proper hedge investment.
description: European Journal of Islamic Finance, No 18 (2021): EJIF - European Journal of Islamic Finance, 18, 2021
Automated analysis of Fermi-LAT data to trigger ground-based gamma-ray observations
Creators: name: Errando, M.
name: Orr, M.
name: Kara, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope regularly surveys the entire sky in the energy range between 0.3 and 100 GeV with an homogeneous coverage. This makes Fermi a very useful guide for ground-based Cherenkov-telescope arrays like VERITAS, that are sensitive at energies above 100 GeV. The VERITAS collaboration uses information from Fermi-LAT to select potential targets and identify flaring objects in the GeV band. We describe three different analysis pipelines that automatically process and analyze Fermi-LAT data on a daily basis to look for flaring objects: daily light curves of selected targets, an all-sky analysis to identify new flaring sources, and an algorithm that looks for clusters of high-energy photons in time and arrival direction.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in proceedings of the 32nd ICRC, Beijing, China
Argument for the radiation-dominated behavior of matter fields in the preinflationary era
Creators: name: Ordines, Taylor M.
name: Carlson, Eric D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the leading-order behavior of matter fields in the preinflationary era using the semiclassical approximation. Many inflationary models assume without supporting arguments that the Universe was radiation dominated prior to inflation, leading to modifications of cosmological observables, such as the Cosmic Microwave Background power spectrum. In previous work, we demonstrated that conformally coupled scalar fields do have a radiation-like contribution to the stress-energy tensor at sufficiently early times. In this work, we extend these arguments to apply to massless spin-1 fields and massive or massless spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ fields. We find massless spin-1 fields always have a radiation-like contribution. For spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ fields, we find the contribution at early times is radiation-like assuming this is the dominant contribution to the stress-energy tensor.
Eduard Franken und Stephan Veil, Die Steinartefakte von Gönnersdorf. Der Magdalenien-Fundplatz Gönnersdorf 7
Creators: name: Mania, Dietrich
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Eduard Franken und Stephan Veil, Die Steinartefakte von Gönnersdorf. Der Magdalenien-Fundplatz Gönnersdorf 7. Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1983. 437 Seiten, 150 Textabbildungen, 33 Tafeln, 146 Tabellen.
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 185.1985: Bonner Jahrbücher
Marion Lichardus-Itten, Die Gräberfelder der Großgartacher Gruppe im Elsaß
Creators: name: Dohrn-Ihmig, Margarete
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Marion Lichardus-Itten, Die Gräberfelder der Großgartacher Gruppe im Elsaß. Saarbrücker Beiträge zur Altertumskunde 25. Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn 1980. 217 Seiten, 60 Textabbildungen, 33 Tafeln, 1 Karte, 10 Pläne, Résumée français.
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 185.1985: Bonner Jahrbücher
Yvette Duval, Loca sanctorum Africae. Le culte des martyrs en Afrique du IVe au VIP siècle
Creators: name: Gauthier, Nancy
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Yvette Duval, Loca sanctorum Africae. Le culte des martyrs en Afrique du IVe au VIP siècle. Collection de l’Ecole française de Rome 58, Rome 1982. 2 volumes, 818 pages.
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 185.1985: Bonner Jahrbücher
Lothar Eckhart, Die Stadtpfarrkirche und Friedhofskirche St. Laurentius von Enns-Lorch-Lauriacum in Oberösterreich. Die archäologischen Ausgrabungen 1960-1966. Teil 1: Dokumentation und Analyse
Creators: name: Fehring, Günter P.
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Lothar Eckhart, Die Stadtpfarrkirche und Friedhofskirche St. Laurentius von Enns-Lorch-Lauriacum in Oberösterreich. Die archäologischen Ausgrabungen 1960-1966. Teil 1: Dokumentation und Analyse. Forschungen in Lauriacum 11. Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum, Linz 1981. Textband mit 147 Seiten; Beilagenmappe mit einem Vierfarbenplan, 3 Schwarzweißplänen und 110 Strichzeichnungen von Profilen, Auf- und Grundrissen; Tafelband mit 104 Abbildungen.
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 185.1985: Bonner Jahrbücher
Investment Decision on Government Bonds and Sukuk in Indonesia
Creators: name: Suharti, Eko
Publisher: name: European Journal of Islamic Finance
Year: 2021

description: This research aims to find the factors that influence the decisions of institutional investors to invest in Government Bonds and Sukuk, as well as to disclose the oversubscribes of State Securities issued by Indonesian government. The investment decisions of investors in this study use a proxy data approach from variables that affect investment decisions. The type of research used is quantitative research using an econometric approach with the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (Dynamic) Model. The research data used is a time series for eleven periods from 2009 to 2020. Data are analyzed using ARDL (Dynamic) Model with determination of lag using the Koyck model. The result of this research is that investment decisions with a rational approach to government bonds and sukuk are strongly influenced by macroeconomic and policy variables (inflation, exchange rates and the interest rate) and financial markets (financing interest rates, deposit rates, volumes and coupon rates).
description: European Journal of Islamic Finance, No 18 (2021): EJIF - European Journal of Islamic Finance, 18, 2021
Existence and uniqueness of very singular solutions for a fast diffusion equation with gradient absorption
Creators: name: Iagar, Razvan Gabriel
name: Laurencot, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Existence and uniqueness of radially symmetric self-similar very singular solutions are proved for the singular diffusion equation with gradient absorption {equation*} \partial_t u -Δ_{p}u+|\nabla u|^q=0, \ \hbox{in} \ (0,\infty)\times\real^N, {equation*} where $2N/(N+1)
Planar approximation for the frequencies of spin transfer oscillators
Creators: name: Bazaliy, Ya. B.
name: Arammash, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large class of spin transfer oscillators use the free layer with a strong easy plane anisotropy, which forces its magnetization to move close to the plane. We show that in this situation the effective planar approximation provides a fast and accurate way of calculating the oscillator frequency.
description: 8 pages
A study on a Q-Learning algorithm application to a manufacturing assembly problem
Creators: name: Neves, Miguel
name: Vieira, Miguel
name: Neto, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The development of machine learning algorithms has been gathering relevance to address the increasing modelling complexity of manufacturing decision-making problems. Reinforcement learning is a methodology with great potential due to the reduced need for previous training data, i.e., the system learns along time with actual operation. This study focuses on the implementation of a reinforcement learning algorithm in an assembly problem of a given object, aiming to identify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the optimisation of the assembly process time. A model-free Q-Learning algorithm is applied, considering the learning of a matrix of Q-values (Q-table) from the successive interactions with the environment to suggest an assembly sequence solution. This implementation explores three scenarios with increasing complexity so that the impact of the Q-Learning\textsc's parameters and rewards is assessed to improve the reinforcement learning agent performance. The optimisation approach achieved very promising results by learning the optimal assembly sequence 98.3% of the times.
Four lepton flavor violating signals at the LHC
Creators: name: Ghosh, Dilip Kumar
name: Roy, Probir
name: Roy, Sourov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some yet unknown dynamics is expected to be at work behind the flavor puzzles of the Standard Model. Speculations exist that this may manifest itself in significant strength at the terascale. One consequence may be lepton flavor violation with total lepton number conserved. Already observed in neutrino oscillation experiments, such a phenomenon may show up more prominently at TeV energies, thus signaling a completely new physics. Proposed flavor violating charged dilepton states have already been studied with reference to the LHC. Here we study the production and detection at the LHC of flavor violating charged quadrileptons which are shown to have certain advantages over dileptons in searching for lepton flavor violation. A classification of all six-fermionic operators, in the chiral basis and contributing to such processes, is made and the corresponding cross section for each in 14 TeV pp collisions is computed under the hypothesis of single operator dominance. We further present the sensitivity reach of the new physics scale $Λ$ in terms of the integrated luminosity.
description: 16 pages (single column format), 5 eps figures, some typos corrected and references reordered
Gestação na pandemia da COVID-19: evidências para assistência
Creators: name: Gambogi, Mônica
name: CLÁPIS, MARIA JOSÉ
name: PARAIZO-HORVATH, CAMILA MARIA SILVA
name: MORAES, CAMILA MENDONÇA DE
name: Freitas, Patrícia Scotini
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111402 Obstetrics and Gynaecology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This study aims to analyze the evidence available in the literature on assistance to pregnant women in the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve the proposed objective, an integrative review will be conducted. The search for primary studies for inclusion in the integrative review will be carried out in the PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science and Embase databases. Studies that addressed care strategies for pregnant women in the new coronavirus pandemic, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese, as of 2019 will be included, and studies that adopted a review, editorial and response method will be excluded. The results will be discussed and interpreted in a descriptive manner. The synthesis of the studies will enable the knowledge of the evidence available in the literature on the subject investigated, thus contributing to decision making on the best actions to be developed in the care of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic period.
Accelerating Simulated Annealing of Glassy Materials with Data Assimilation
Creators: name: Zhao, Yuansheng
name: Sato, Ryuhei
name: Tsuneyuki, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultra-long relaxation time of glass transition makes it difficult to construct atomic models of amorphous materials by conventional methods. We propose a novel method for building such atomic models using data assimilation method by simulated annealing with an accurately computed interatomic potential augmented by penalty from experimental data. The advantage of this method is that not only can it reproduce experimental data as the structure refinement methods like reverse Monte Carlo but also obtain the reasonable structure in terms of interatomic potential energy. In addition, thanks to the interatomic potential, we do not need high $Q$ range diffraction data, which is necessary to take into account the short-range order. Persistent homology analysis shows that the amorphous ice obtained by the new method is indeed more ordered at intermediate range.
Mapping the sub-cellular proteome
Creators: name: Gatto, Laurent
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Systems Biology
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computer Software
subject: Cell Biology

description: In biology, localisation is function. Cells display a complex sub-cellular structure with numerous distinct niches responsible for specific biological processes. Consequently, not only must proteins be present to accomplish their biological functions, but they must be localised at their intended sub-cellular locations. In contrast, mis-localised proteins can have serious advert consequences. In this talk, I will present how contemporary experimental and computational technologies can be used to produce proteome-wide proteins localisation maps.
A minimizing principle for the Poisson-Boltzmann equation
Creators: name: Maggs, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is often presented via a variational formulation based on the electrostatic potential. However, the functional has the defect of being non-convex. It can not be used as a local minimization principle while coupled to other dynamic degrees of freedom. We formulate a convex dual functional which is numerically equivalent at its minimum and which is more suited to local optimization.
description: 5 pages, 0 figures
Statistical Outliers and Dragon-Kings as Bose-Condensed Droplets
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Sornette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A theory of exceptional extreme events, characterized by their abnormal sizes compared with the rest of the distribution, is presented. Such outliers, called "dragon-kings", have been reported in the distribution of financial drawdowns, city-size distributions (e.g., Paris in France and London in the UK), in material failure, epileptic seizure intensities, and other systems. Within our theory, the large outliers are interpreted as droplets of Bose-Einstein condensate: the appearance of outliers is a natural consequence of the occurrence of Bose-Einstein condensation controlled by the relative degree of attraction, or utility, of the largest entities. For large populations, Zipf's law is recovered (except for the dragon-king outliers). The theory thus provides a parsimonious description of the possible coexistence of a power law distribution of event sizes (Zipf's law) and dragon-king outliers.
description: Latex file, 16 pages, 1 figure
A derivation of the master equation from path entropy maximization
Creators: name: Lee, Julian
name: Pressé, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The master equation and, more generally, Markov processes are routinely used as models for stochastic processes. They are often justified on the basis of randomization and coarse-graining assumptions. Here instead, we derive n-th order Markov processes and the master equation as unique solutions to an inverse problem. In particular, we find that when the constraints are not enough to uniquely determine the stochastic model, the n-th order Markov process emerges as the unique maximum entropy solution to this otherwise under-determined problem. This gives a rigorous alternative for justifying such models while providing a systematic recipe for generalizing widely accepted stochastic models usually assumed to follow from first principles.
description: 16 pages, no figure. The problem of Eq(26) running off the page margin is corrected
Competing `soft' dielectric phases and detailed balance in thin film manganites
Creators: name: Mickel, Patrick R.
name: Biswas, Amlan
name: Hebard, Arthur F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using frequency dependent complex capacitance measurements on thin films of the mixed-valence manganite (La$_{1-y}$Pr$_{y}$)$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$, we identify and resolve the individual dielectric responses of two competing dielectric phases. We characterize their competition over a large temperature range, revealing they are in dynamic competition both spatially and temporally. The phase competition is shown to be governed by the thermodynamic constraints imposed by detailed balance. The consequences of the detailed balance model strongly support the notion of an `electronically soft' material in which continuous conversions between dielectric phases with comparable free energies occur on time scales that are long compared with electron-phonon scattering times.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Gestação na pandemia da COVID-19: evidências para assistência
Creators: name: Gambogi, Mônica
name: CLÁPIS, MARIA JOSÉ
name: PARAIZO-HORVATH, CAMILA MARIA SILVA
name: MORAES, CAMILA MENDONÇA DE
name: Freitas, Patrícia Scotini
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111402 Obstetrics and Gynaecology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This study aims to analyze the evidence available in the literature on assistance to pregnant women in the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve the proposed objective, an integrative review will be conducted. The search for primary studies for inclusion in the integrative review will be carried out in the PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science and Embase databases. Studies that addressed care strategies for pregnant women in the new coronavirus pandemic, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese, as of 2019 will be included, and studies that adopted a review, editorial and response method will be excluded. The results will be discussed and interpreted in a descriptive manner. The synthesis of the studies will enable the knowledge of the evidence available in the literature on the subject investigated, thus contributing to decision making on the best actions to be developed in the care of pregnant women with or without SARS-COV-2 during the pandemic period. Keywords: Pregnancy. COVID-19. Delivery of Health Care.
Particle Physics in Ice with IceCube DeepCore
Creators: name: DeYoung, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is the world's largest high energy neutrino telescope, using the Antarctic ice cap as a Cherenkov detector medium. DeepCore, the low energy extension to IceCube, is an infill array with a fiducial volume of around 30 MTon in the deepest, clearest ice, aiming for an energy threshold as low as 10 GeV and extending IceCube's sensitivity to indirect dark matter searches and atmospheric neutrino oscillation physics. We will discuss the analysis of the first year of DeepCore data, as well as ideas for a further extension of the particle physics program in the ice with a future PINGU detector.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, prepared for the proceedings of the 3rd RICAP conference
Spatially multiplexed dielectric tensor tomography
Creators: name: Lee, Juheon
name: Shin, Seungwoo
name: Hugonnet, Herve
name: Park, Yongkeun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dielectric tensor tomography (DTT) enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) dielectric tensors, which provides a physical measure of 3D optical anisotropy. Herein, we present a cost-effective and robust method for DTT measurement using a multiplexing approach. By exploiting two orthogonally polarized reference beams with different angles in an off-axis interferometer, two polarization-sensitive interferograms were overlapped and recorded using a single camera. Then, the two multiplexed interferograms were separated in the Fourier domain, enabling the reconstruction of polarization-sensitive fields. Finally, by measuring the polarization-sensitive fields for various illumination angles, 3D dielectric tensor tomograms were reconstructed. The proposed method was experimentally demonstrated by reconstructing the 3D dielectric tensors of various liquid crystal particles with radial and bipolar orientational configurations.
Robust human position estimation in cooperative robotic cells
Creators: name: Amorim, António
name: Guimarães, Diana
name: Mendonça, Tiago
name: Neto, Pedro
name: Costa, Paulo
name: Moreira, António Paulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robots are increasingly present in our lives, sharing the workspace and tasks with human co-workers. However, existing interfaces for human-robot interaction / cooperation (HRI/C) have limited levels of intuitiveness to use and safety is a major concern when humans and robots share the same workspace. Many times, this is due to the lack of a reliable estimation of the human pose in space which is the primary input to calculate the human-robot minimum distance (required for safety and collision avoidance) and HRI/C featuring machine learning algorithms classifying human behaviours / gestures. Each sensor type has its own characteristics resulting in problems such as occlusions (vision) and drift (inertial) when used in an isolated fashion. In this paper, it is proposed a combined system that merges the human tracking provided by a 3D vision sensor with the pose estimation provided by a set of inertial measurement units (IMUs) placed in human body limbs. The IMUs compensate the gaps in occluded areas to have tracking continuity. To mitigate the lingering effects of the IMU offset we propose a continuous online calculation of the offset value. Experimental tests were designed to simulate human motion in a human-robot collaborative environment where the robot moves away to avoid unexpected collisions with de human. Results indicate that our approach is able to capture the human\textsc's position, for example the forearm, with a precision in the millimetre range and robustness to occlusions.
Influence of the sodium/proton replacement on the structural, morphological and photocatalytic properties of titanate nanotubes
Creators: name: Bem, V.
name: Neves, M. C.
name: Nunes, M. R.
name: Silvestre, A. J.
name: Monteiro, O. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Titanate nanotubes (TNT) with different sodium contents have been synthesised using a hydrothermal approach and a swift and highly controllable post-washing processes. The influence of the sodium/proton replacement on the structural and morphological characteristics of the prepared materials was analysed. Different optical behaviour was observed depending on the Na+/H+ samples' content. A band gap energy of 3.27\pm0.03 eV was estimated for the material with higher sodium content while a value of 2.81\pm0.02 eV was inferred for the most protonated material, which therefore exhibits an absorption edge in the near visible region. The point of zero charge of the materials was determined and the influence of the sodium content on the adsorption of both cationic and anionic organic dyes was studied. The photocatalytic performance of the TNT samples was evaluated in the rhodamine 6G degradation process. Best photodegradation results were obtained when using the most protonated material as catalyst, although this material has shown the lowest R6G adsorption capability.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry
One-loop Higgs boson production at the Linear Collider within the general two-Higgs-doublet model: e+e- versus gamma-gamma
Creators: name: Sola, Joan
name: Lopez-Val, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an updated overview on the phenomenology of one-loop Higgs boson production at Linear Colliders within the general Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM). First we report on the Higgs boson pair production, and associated Higgs-Z boson production, at O(alpha^3_{ew}) from e+e- collisions. These channels furnish cross-sections in the range of 10-100 fb for Ecm=0.5 TeV and exhibit potentially large radiative corrections (of order 50%), whose origin can be traced back to the genuine enhancement capabilities of the triple Higgs boson self-interactions. Next we consider the loop-induced production of a single Higgs boson from direct gamma-gamma scattering. We single out sizable departures from the corresponding rates in the Standard Model, which are again correlated to trademark dynamical features of the 2HDM -- namely the balance of the non-standard Higgs/gauge, Higgs/fermion and Higgs self-interactions leading to sizable (destructive) interference effects. This pattern of quantum effects is unmatched in the MSSM, and could hence provide distinctive footprints of non-supersymmetric Higgs boson physics. Both calculations are revisited within a common, brought-to-date framework and include, in particular, the most stringent bounds from unitarity and flavor physics.
description: LaTeX, 11 pages, 5 figures
Searching for tetraquark through weak decays of b-baryons
Creators: name: Huang, Fei
name: Xing, Ye
name: Xu, Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After the experimental observation of charged and neutral $Z_c(3900)$, it is of prime importance to pursue searches for additional production modes of these exotic states. In this work, we investigate the possibility to study the $Z_c(3900)$ through weak decays of b-baryons at the LHCb. Decay amplitudes for various processes have been parametrized in terms of the SU(3) irreducible nonperturbative amplitudes. A number of relations for the partial decay widths are deduced from these results. The decay widths of $Λ_b^0\to Λ^0 Z_c^0(3900)$, $Ξ_b^- \to Σ^- Z_{c}^0(3900)$ and $Ξ_b^0 \to Λ^0 Z_{c}^0(3900)$ have also been calculated from which some relevant partial decay widths of b-baryons could be estimated. The results presented in this paper can be tested experimentally at hadron colliders in the future.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Phase-stabilized UV light at 267 nm through twofold second harmonic generation
Creators: name: Kraus, Benjamin
name: Dawel, Fabian
name: Hannig, Stephan
name: Kramer, Johannes
name: Nauk, Constantin
name: Schmidt, Piet O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Providing phase stable laser light is important to extend the interrogation time of optical clocks towards many seconds and thus achieve small statistical uncertainties. We report a laser system providing more than 50 uW phase-stabilized UV light at 267.4 nm for an aluminium ion optical clock. The light is generated by frequency-quadrupling a fibre laser at 1069.6 nm in two cascaded non-linear crystals, both in single-pass configuration. In the first stage, a 10 mm long PPLN waveguide crystal converts 1 W fundamental light to more than 0.2 W at 534.8 nm. In the following 50 mm long DKDP crystal, more than 50 uW of light at 267.4 nm are generated. An upper limit for the passive short-term phase stability has been measured by a beat-node measurement with an existing phase-stabilized quadrupling system employing the same source laser. The resulting fractional frequency instability of less than 5 x 10^-17 after 1 s supports lifetime-limited probing of the 27Al^+ clock transition, given a sufficiently stable laser source. A further improved stability of the fourth harmonic light is expected through interferometric path length stabilisation of the pump light by back-reflecting it through the entire setup and correcting for frequency deviations. The in-loop error signal indicates an electronically limited instability of 1 x 10^-18 at 1 s.
Resonant leptoquark at NLO with POWHEG
Creators: name: Buonocore, Luca
name: Greljo, Admir
name: Krack, Peter
name: Nason, Paolo
name: Selimovic, Nudzeim
name: Tramontano, Francesco
name: Zanderighi, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in calculating lepton density functions inside the proton and simulating lepton showers laid the foundations for precision studies of resonant leptoquark production at hadron colliders. Direct quark-lepton fusion into a leptoquark is a novel production channel at the LHC that has the potential to probe a unique parameter space for large masses and couplings. In this work, we build the first Monte Carlo event generator for a full-fledged simulation of this process at NLO for production, followed by a subsequent decay using the POWHEG method and matching to the parton showers utilizing HERWIG. The code can handle all scalar leptoquark models with renormalisable quark-lepton interactions. We then comprehensively study the differential distributions, including higher-order effects, and asses the corresponding theoretical uncertainties. We also quantify the impact of the improved predictions on the projected (HL-)LHC sensitivities and initiate the first exploration of the potential at the FCC-hh. Our work paves the way toward performing LHC searches using this channel.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Celestial Liouville Theory for Yang-Mills Amplitudes
Creators: name: Stieberger, Stephan
name: Taylor, Tomasz R.
name: Zhu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Yang-Mills theory with the coupling constant and theta angle determined by the vacuum expectation values of a dynamical (complex) dilaton field. We discuss the tree-level N-gluon MHV scattering amplitudes in the presence of a nontrivial background dilaton field and construct the corresponding celestial amplitudes by taking Mellin transforms with respect to the lightcone energies. In this way, we obtain two-dimensional CFT correlators of primary fields on the celestial sphere. We show that the celestial Yang-Mills amplitudes evaluated in the presence of a spherical dilaton shockwave are given by the correlation functions of primary field operators factorized into the holomorphic current operators times the "light" Liouville operators. They are evaluated in the semiclassical limit of Liouville theory (the limit of infinite central charge) and are determined by the classical Liouville field describing metrics on the celestial sphere.
description: 12 pages
Cosmological particle creation in the lab?
Creators: name: Schützhold, Ralf
name: Unruh, William G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most striking examples for the production of particles out of the quantum vacuum due to external conditions is cosmological particle creation, which is caused by the expansion or contraction of the Universe. Already in 1939, Schrödinger understood that the cosmic evolution could lead to a mixing of positive and negative frequencies and that this "would mean production or annihilation of matter, merely by the expansion". Later this phenomenon was derived via more modern techniques of quantum field theory in curved space-times by Parker (who apparently was not aware of Schrödinger's work) and subsequently has been studied in numerous publications. Even though cosmological particle creation typically occurs on extremely large length scales, it is one of the very few examples for such fundamental effects where we actually may have observational evidence: According to the inflationary model of cosmology, the seeds for the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and basically all large scale structures stem from this effect. In this Chapter, we shall provide a brief discussion of this phenomenon and sketch a possibility for an experimental realization via an analogue in the laboratory.
Design of ultracompact broadband focusing spectrometers based on deep diffractive neural networks
Creators: name: Zhu, Yilin
name: Chen, Yuyao
name: Negro, Luca Dal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the inverse design of ultracompact, broadband focusing spectrometers based on adaptive deep diffractive neural networks (a-D$^2$NNs). Specifically, we introduce and characterize two-layer diffractive devices with engineered angular dispersion that focus and steer broadband incident radiation along predefined focal trajectories with desired bandwidth and $5$ nm spectral resolution. Moreover, we systematically study the focusing efficiency of two-layer devices with side length $L=100~μ\mathrm{m}$ and focal length $f=300~\,μ\mathrm{m}$ across the visible spectrum and we demonstrate accurate reconstruction of the emission spectrum from a commercial superluminescent diode. The proposed a-D$^2$NNs design method extends the capabilities of efficient multi-focal diffractive optical devices to include single-shot focusing spectrometers with customized focal trajectories for applications to ultracompact multispectral imaging and lensless microscopy.