cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Sardinia, Italy: age–sex interaction and spatial–temporal variability
Creators: name: Borghero, Giuseppe
name: Pierri, Vincenzo
name: Vasta, Rosario
name: Ercoli, Tommaso
name: Primicerio, Giulia
name: Pili, Francesca
name: Gigante, Angelo Fabio
name: Rocchi, Lorenzo
name: Chiò, Adriano
name: Defazio, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Objective: This study assessed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence in Sardinia, Italy, and the combined contribution of age and gender to disease risk. We also checked disease incidence for spatial–temporal variability. Methods: ALS patients from all neurological centers of the study area who had onset during 2010–2019 and fulfilled El Escorial revised diagnostic criteria were included. Incidence was calculated for the overall study area and each province separately. Additive interaction between age and sex on ALS incidence was assessed. Results: The average crude annual incidence rate was 3.6/100,000 person-years (95% CI, 3.2–4.1), 3.1/100,000 person-years (95% CI, 2.7–3.5) when age-adjusted. Incidence was greater among people aged ≥65 years and men, with the two variables undergoing significant additive interaction. Incidence increased yearly over the study period, with annual incidence correlating with the increasing yearly frequency of people aged ≥65 years, but not with the proportion of incident cases carrying genetic mutations. Stratifying by province, the rates from Oristano and South Sardinia were higher than the rate from Cagliari. ALS patients from areas at different risk were comparable for frequency of clinical/genetic features. Conclusion: ALS incidence in Sardinia was in the upper part of the European range of variability. We also provided new information about age and sex as risk factors for ALS, showing male sex as a modifier of the effect of aging on ALS incidence. Spatial–temporal variations in ALS incidence correlated to changes in the proportion of the aging population rather than to the distribution of genetic factors.
The Habitable-zone Planet Finder Calibration System
Creators: name: Halverson, Samuel
name: Mahadevan, Suvrath
name: Ramsey, Lawrence
name: Terrien, Ryan
name: Roy, Arpita
name: Schwab, Christian
name: Bender, Chad
name: Hearty, Fred
name: Levi, Eric
name: Osterman, Steve
name: Ycas, Gabe
name: Diddams, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the design concept of the wavelength calibration system for the Habitable-zone Planet Finder instrument (HPF), a precision radial velocity (RV) spectrograph designed to detect terrestrial-mass planets around M-dwarfs. HPF is a stabilized, fiber-fed, R$\sim$50,000 spectrograph operating in the near-infrared (NIR) z/Y/J bands from 0.84 to 1.3 microns. For HPF to achieve 1 m s$^{-1}$ or better measurement precision, a unique calibration system, stable to several times better precision, will be needed to accurately remove instrumental effects at an unprecedented level in the NIR. The primary wavelength calibration source is a laser frequency comb (LFC), currently in development at NIST Boulder, discussed separately in these proceedings. The LFC will be supplemented by a stabilized single-mode fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer reference source and Uranium-Neon lamp. The HPF calibration system will combine several other new technologies developed by the Penn State Optical-Infrared instrumentation group to improve RV measurement precision including a dynamic optical coupling system that significantly reduces modal noise effects. Each component has been thoroughly tested in the laboratory and has demonstrated significant performance gains over previous NIR calibration systems.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014
(N)-methanocarba-2MeSADP (MRS2365) is a subtype-specific agonist that induces rapid desensitization of the P2Y1 receptor of human platelets
Creators: name: HARDEN, T. K.
name: MAHANTY, S. K.
name: BOYER, J. L.
name: BOURDON, D. M.
name: JACOBSON, K. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) initiates and maintains sustained aggregation of platelets through simultaneous activation of both the Gq-coupled P2Y1 receptor and the Gi-coupled P2Y12 receptor. We recently described the synthesis and P2Y1 receptor-specific agonist activity of (N)-methano-carba-2MeSADP (MRS2365). Consequences of selective activation of the P2Y1 receptor by MRS2365 have been further examined in human platelets. Whereas MRS2365 alone only induced shape change, addition of MRS2365 following epinephrine treatment, which activates the Gi/z-linked, α2A-adrenergic receptor, resulted in sustained aggregation that was indistinguishable from that observed with ADP. Conversely, the platelet shape change promoted by ADP in the presence of the GPIIb/IIIa antagonist eptifibatide was similar to that promoted by MRS2365. Preaddition of the high affinity P2Y1 receptor antagonist MRS2500 inhibited the effect of MRS2365, whereas addition of MRS2500 subsequent to MRS2365 reversed the MRS2365-induced shape change. Preactivation of the P2Y1 receptor with MRS2365 for 2 min resulted in marked loss of capacity of ADP to induce aggregation as evidenced by a greater than 20-fold rightward shift in the concentration effect curve of ADP. This inhibitory effect of P2Y1 receptor activation was dependent on the concentration of MRS2365 (EC50 = 34 nM). The inhibitory effect of preincubation with MRS2365 was circumvented by activation of the Gq-coupled 5-HT2a receptor suggesting that MRS2365 induces loss of the ADP response as a consequence of desensitization of the Gq-coupled P2Y1 receptor. The time course of MRS2365-induced loss of aggregation response to epinephrine was similar to that observed with ADP. These results further demonstrate the P2Y1 receptor selectivity of MRS2365 and illustrate the occurrence of agonist-induced desensitization of the P2Y1 receptor of human platelets studied in the absence of P2Y12 receptor activation.
Applying the effective-source approach to frequency-domain self-force calculations for eccentric orbits
Creators: name: Leather, Benjamin
name: Warburton, Niels
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are expected to have considerable eccentricity when emitting gravitational waves (GWs) in the LISA band. Developing GW templates that remain phase accurate over these long inspirals requires the use of second-order self-force theory and practical second-order self-force calculations are now emerging for quasi-circular EMRIs. These calculations rely on effective-source regularization techniques in the frequency domain that presently are specialized to circular orbits. Here we make a first step towards more generic second-order calculations by extending the frequency domain effective-source approach to eccentric orbits. In order to overcome the slow convergence of the Fourier sum over radial modes, we develop a new extended effective-sources approach which builds upon the method of extended particular solutions. To demonstrate our new computational technique we apply it a toy scalar-field problem which is conceptually similar to the gravitational case.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures; updated to reflect published version
Environmental risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case–control study in Canada and France
Creators: name: Beaudin, Marie
name: Salachas, François
name: Pradat, Pierre-François
name: Dupré, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: To evaluate the association between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and potential environmental risk factors, especially head traumas and pesticides, in two populations from Canada and France. Methods: A case–control study was performed in tertiary-care centers. Consecutive ALS cases were recruited along with a control group from the same age distribution and region. Participants answered a phone-administered questionnaire. Head trauma exposure was censored at age of symptom onset, and a sensitivity analysis considering old head traumas that occurred more than 3 years before onset was performed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 404 ALS cases and 381 controls completed the questionnaire. Previous head trauma was more frequently reported by cases (adjusted OR 1.50 (1.05–2.18)) with a dose-response relationship. This association was driven by a strong effect in men (adjusted OR 2.06 (1.22–3.55)) and was consistent for old traumas, but there was no association in women. For pesticides, a previous high-risk occupation was associated with ALS (adjusted OR 2.08 (1.36–3.24)), although reported occupational exposure to pesticides was not statistically significant in the multivariate model (adjusted OR 1.67 (0.97–2.97)). Past electrocution was associated with ALS (adjusted OR 1.79 (CI 1.13–2.87)), especially spinal-onset ALS. Residential exposure to pesticides, neck trauma, and welding were not associated with ALS. Conclusions: Head trauma is a risk factor for ALS in men only. Previous occupation at high risk for pesticides exposure and electrocution are also risk factors for ALS.
Refining items for a preference-based, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis specific, health-related quality of life scale
Creators: name: Van Damme, Jill
name: Kuspinar, Ayse
name: Johnston, Wendy
name: O’Connell, Colleen
name: Turnbull, John
name: Chum, Marvin
name: Strachan, Patricia
name: Luth, Westerly
name: McCullum, Shane
name: Peters, Nicole
name: MacDermid, Joy
name: Dal Bello-Haas, Vanina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: The aim of this study was to refine the items of a preference-based amyotrophic lateral sclerosis health-related quality of life scale (PB-ALS HRQL scale) based on domains generated in a previous study. Methods: Survey methodology was used to assess item importance rating (IR) and independence. Median importance was calculated for each item and a rating of “very important” was required for the item to remain. Correlations were used to examine item independence. Highly correlated items (rs > 0.7) were considered for removal. Cognitive debriefing (CD) interviews, conducted by Zoom, telephone, or email based on participant preference and communication needs, were used to identify potential issues. Participants provided feedback about wording, clarity, response options, and recall period on randomly selected items. Items were considered finalized when three sequential CD participants approved the item with no revisions. Results: Thirty-four people with ALS (PALS, n = 16 females; age range 44–78 years; ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised [ALSFRS-R] range 0–48) in Canada completed the survey; a subset of 18 PALS completed CD interviews (n = 8 female; age range 44–71 years; ALSFRS-R range 0–48). Four items were highly correlated with one or more items, were not rated as very important, or were not approved via CD and were removed. Conclusions: The final four-response option PB-ALS Scale includes eight items: recreation and leisure, mobility, interpersonal interactions and relationships, eating and swallowing, handling objects, communicating, routine activities, and mood. The next step is to translate the PB-ALS Scale into French and develop a scoring algorithm based on PALS' preferences.
Intrinsic magnetoresistance in metal films on ferromagnetic insulators
Creators: name: Grigoryan, Vahram L.
name: Guo, Wei
name: Bauer, Gerrit E. W.
name: Xiao, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict a magnetoresistance induced by the interfacial Rashba spin-orbit coupling in normal metal|ferromagnetic insulator bilayer. It depends on the angle between current and magnetization directions identically to the "spin Hall magnetoresistance" mechanism caused by a combined action of spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effects. Due to the identical phenomenology it is not obvious whether the magnetoresistance reported by Nakayama et al. is a bulk metal or interface effect. The interfacial Rashba induced magnetoresistance may be distinguished from the bulk metal spin Hall magnetoresistance by its dependence on the metal film thickness.
Helper-dependent adenoviral gene therapy mediates long-term correction of the clotting defect in the canine hemophilia A model
Creators: name: McCORMACK, W. M.
name: BERTIN, T. K.
name: PALMER, D. J.
name: NG, P.
name: SEILER, M. P.
name: UBHAYAKAR, K.
name: NICHOLS, T. C.
name: LEE, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Adenoviral vector-mediated gene therapy might have potential for long-term correction of the monogenic disease hemophilia A.
Theoretical unification of hybrid-DFT and DFT+U methods for the treatment of localized orbitals
Creators: name: Ivády, Viktor
name: Armiento, Rickard
name: Szász, Krisztián
name: Janzén, Erik
name: Gali, Adam
name: Abrikosov, Igor A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate the on-site occupation dependent exchange correlation energy and effective potential of hybrid functionals for localized states and connect them to the on-site correction term of the DFT+U method. Our derivation provides a theoretical justification for adding a DFT+U-like onsite potential in hybrid DFT calculations to resolve issues caused by overscreening of localized states. The resulting scheme, hybrid- DFT+Vw, is tested for chromium impurity in wurtzite AlN and vanadium impurity in 4H-SiC, which are paradigm examples of systems with different degree of localization between host and impurity orbitals.
Position-Aware Subgraph Neural Networks with Data-Efficient Learning
Creators: name: Liu, Chang
name: Yang, Yuwen
name: Xie, Zhe
name: Lu, Hongtao
name: Ding, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data-efficient learning on graphs (GEL) is essential in real-world applications. Existing GEL methods focus on learning useful representations for nodes, edges, or entire graphs with ``small'' labeled data. But the problem of data-efficient learning for subgraph prediction has not been explored. The challenges of this problem lie in the following aspects: 1) It is crucial for subgraphs to learn positional features to acquire structural information in the base graph in which they exist. Although the existing subgraph neural network method is capable of learning disentangled position encodings, the overall computational complexity is very high. 2) Prevailing graph augmentation methods for GEL, including rule-based, sample-based, adaptive, and automated methods, are not suitable for augmenting subgraphs because a subgraph contains fewer nodes but richer information such as position, neighbor, and structure. Subgraph augmentation is more susceptible to undesirable perturbations. 3) Only a small number of nodes in the base graph are contained in subgraphs, which leads to a potential ``bias'' problem that the subgraph representation learning is dominated by these ``hot'' nodes. By contrast, the remaining nodes fail to be fully learned, which reduces the generalization ability of subgraph representation learning. In this paper, we aim to address the challenges above and propose a Position-Aware Data-Efficient Learning framework for subgraph neural networks called PADEL. Specifically, we propose a novel node position encoding method that is anchor-free, and design a new generative subgraph augmentation method based on a diffused variational subgraph autoencoder, and we propose exploratory and exploitable views for subgraph contrastive learning. Extensive experiment results on three real-world datasets show the superiority of our proposed method over state-of-the-art baselines.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted by WSDM 23
Dynamics and thermodynamics of a pair of interacting magnetic dipoles
Creators: name: Schmidt, Heinz-Jürgen
name: Schröder, Christian
name: Hägele, Eva
name: Luban, Marshall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the dynamics and thermodynamics of a pair of magnetic dipoles interacting via their magnetic fields. We consider only the "spin" degrees of freedom; the dipoles are fixed in space. With this restriction it is possible to provide the general solution of the equations of motion in analytical form. Thermodynamic quantities, such as the specific heat and the zero field susceptibility are calculated by combining low temperature asymptotic series and a complete high temperature expansion. The thermal expectation value of the autocorrelation function is determined for the low temperature regime including terms linear in $T$. Furthermore, we compare our analytical results with numerical calculations based on Monte Carlo simulations.
Serpins in thrombosis, hemostasis and fibrinolysis
Creators: name: BEAULIEU, L. M.
name: CHURCH, F. C.
name: RAU, J. C.
name: HUNTINGTON, J. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Hemostasis and fibrinolysis, the biological processes that maintain proper blood flow, are the consequence of a complex series of cascading enzymatic reactions. Serine proteases involved in these processes are regulated by feedback loops, local cofactor molecules, and serine protease inhibitors (serpins). The delicate balance between proteolytic and inhibitory reactions in hemostasis and fibrinolysis, described by the coagulation, protein C and fibrinolytic pathways, can be disrupted, resulting in the pathological conditions of thrombosis or abnormal bleeding. Medicine capitalizes on the importance of serpins, using therapeutics to manipulate the serpin-protease reactions for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis and hemorrhage. Therefore, investigation of serpins, their cofactors, and their structure-function relationships is imperative for the development of state-of-the-art pharmaceuticals for the selective fine-tuning of hemostasis and fibrinolysis. This review describes key serpins important in the regulation of these pathways: antithrombin, heparin cofactor II, protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor, alpha(1)-protease inhibitor, protein C inhibitor, alpha(2)-antiplasmin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. We focus on the biological function, the important structural elements, their known non-hemostatic roles, the pathologies related to deficiencies or dysfunction, and the therapeutic roles of specific serpins.
Weak Hard X-ray Emission from Broad Absorption Line Quasars: Evidence for Intrinsic X-ray Weakness
Creators: name: Luo, B.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Stern, D.
name: Teng, S. H.
name: Arévalo, P.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Boggs, S. E.
name: Christensen, F. E.
name: Comastri, A.
name: Craig, W. W.
name: Farrah, D.
name: Gandhi, P.
name: Hailey, C. J.
name: Harrison, F. A.
name: Koss, M.
name: Ogle, P.
name: Puccetti, S.
name: Saez, C.
name: Scott, A. E.
name: Walton, D. J.
name: Zhang, W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report NuSTAR observations of a sample of six X-ray weak broad absorption line (BAL) quasars. These targets, at z=0.148-1.223, are among the optically brightest and most luminous BAL quasars known at z<1.3. However, their rest-frame 2 keV luminosities are 14 to >330 times weaker than expected for typical quasars. Our results from a pilot NuSTAR study of two low-redshift BAL quasars, a Chandra stacking analysis of a sample of high-redshift BAL quasars, and a NuSTAR spectral analysis of the local BAL quasar Mrk 231 have already suggested the existence of intrinsically X-ray weak BAL quasars, i.e., quasars not emitting X-rays at the level expected from their optical/UV emission. The aim of the current program is to extend the search for such extraordinary objects. Three of the six new targets are weakly detected by NuSTAR with <45 counts in the 3-24 keV band, and the other three are not detected. The hard X-ray (8-24 keV) weakness observed by NuSTAR requires Compton-thick absorption if these objects have nominal underlying X-ray emission. However, a soft stacked effective photon index (Γ~1.8) for this sample disfavors Compton-thick absorption in general. The uniform hard X-ray weakness observed by NuSTAR for this and the pilot samples selected with <10 keV weakness also suggests that the X-ray weakness is intrinsic in at least some of the targets. We conclude that the NuSTAR observations have likely discovered a significant population (>33%) of intrinsically X-ray weak objects among the BAL quasars with significantly weak <10 keV emission. We suggest that intrinsically X-ray weak quasars might be preferentially observed as BAL quasars.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. ApJ in press
Endothelial cell junctions and the regulation of vascular permeability and leukocyte transmigration
Creators: name: WITTCHEN, E. S.
name: BURRIDGE, K.
name: GARRETT, T. A.
name: ALLINGHAM, M. J.
name: AGHAJANIAN, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The endothelial lining of the vasculature forms the physical barrier between the blood and underlying tissues. Junctions between adjacent endothelial cells are dynamically modulated to sustain vascular homeostasis and to support the transendothelial migration of leukocytes during inflammation. A variety of factors initiate intracellular signaling pathways which regulate the opening and resealing of junctional complexes. This review focuses on three primary signaling pathways initiated within endothelial cells by the binding of vasoactive factors and leukocyte adhesion: Rho GTPases, reactive oxygen species, and tyrosine phosphorylation of junctional proteins. These pathways converge to regulate junctional permeability, either by affecting the stability of junctional proteins or by modulating their interactions. Although much progress has been made in understanding the relationships of these pathways, many questions remain to be answered. A full understanding of the signaling cascades that affect endothelial junctions should identify novel therapeutic targets for diseases that involve excessive permeability or inappropriate leukocyte infiltration into tissues.
A high resolution image of the inner-shell of the PCygni nebula in the infra-red [Fe II] line
Creators: name: Arcidiacono, Carmelo
name: Ragazzoni, Roberto
name: Morossi, Carlo
name: Franchini, Mariagrazia
name: Di Marcantonio, Paolo
name: Kulesa, Craig
name: McCarthy, Don
name: Briguglio, Runa
name: Xompero, Marco
name: Quiros-Pacheco, Fernando
name: Pinna, Enrico
name: Boutsia, Konstantina
name: Paris, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained with the LBT Telescope AO system Near-Infrared camera PISCES images of the inner-shell of the nebula around the luminous blue variable star P Cygni in the [Fe II] emission line at 1.6435 μm. We have combined the images in order to cover a field of view of about 20" around P Cygni thus providing the high resolution (0".08) 2-D spatial distribution of the inner-shell of the P Cygni nebula in [Fe II]. We have identified several nebular emission regions which are characterized by an S/N>3. A comparison of our results with those available in the literature shows full consistency with the finding by Smith & Hartigan (2006) which are based on radial velocity measurements and their relatively good agreement with the extension of emission nebula in [NII] λ6584 found by Barlow et al. (1994). We have clearly detected extended emission also inside the radial distance R=7".8 and outside R=9".7 which are the nebular boundaries proposed by Smith & Hartigan (2006). New complementary spectroscopic observations to measure radial velocities and to derive the 3-D distribution of P Cygni nebula are planned.
description: 16 pages, 7 Color Figures, published on MNRAS
Fractonic Higher-Order Topological Phases in Open Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian-Hao
name: Ding, Ke
name: Yang, Shuo
name: Bi, Zhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the generalization of decohered average symmetry-protected topological phases to open quantum systems with a combination of subsystem symmetries and global symmetries. In particular, we provide examples of two types of intrinsic average higher-order topological phases with average subsystem symmetries. A classification scheme for these phases based on generalized anomaly cancellation criteria of average symmetry is also discussed.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
PROC , PROCR and PROS1 polymorphisms, plasma anticoagulant phenotypes, and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study
Creators: name: NIEVERGELT, C.
name: KULLER, L. H.
name: CARTY, C. L.
name: LANGE, L. A.
name: CUSHMAN, M.
name: JENNY, N. S.
name: KUROSAWA, S.
name: REINER, A. P.
name: STEARNS-KUROSAWA, D. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Genes encoding protein C anticoagulant pathways are candidates for athero-thrombotic and other aging-related disorders.
Extending black-hole remnant surrogate models to extreme mass ratios
Creators: name: Boschini, Matteo
name: Gerosa, Davide
name: Varma, Vijay
name: Armaza, Cristobal
name: Boyle, Michael
name: Bonilla, Marceline S.
name: Ceja, Andrea
name: Chen, Yitian
name: Deppe, Nils
name: Giesler, Matthew
name: Kidder, Lawrence E.
name: Kumar, Prayush
name: Lara, Guillermo
name: Long, Oliver
name: Ma, Sizheng
name: Mitman, Keefe
name: Nee, Peter James
name: Pfeiffer, Harald P.
name: Ramos-Buades, Antoni
name: Scheel, Mark A.
name: Vu, Nils L.
name: Yoo, Jooheon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical-relativity surrogate models for both black-hole merger waveforms and remnants have emerged as important tools in gravitational-wave astronomy. While producing very accurate predictions, their applicability is limited to the region of the parameter space where numerical-relativity simulations are available and computationally feasible. Notably, this excludes extreme mass ratios. We present a machine-learning approach to extend the validity of existing and future numerical-relativity surrogate models toward the test-particle limit, targeting in particular the mass and spin of post-merger black-hole remnants. Our model is trained on both numerical-relativity simulations at comparable masses and analytical predictions at extreme mass ratios. We extend the gaussian-process-regression model NRSur7dq4Remnant, validate its performance via cross validation, and test its accuracy against additional numerical-relativity runs. Our fit, which we dub NRSur7dq4EmriRemnant, reaches an accuracy that is comparable to or higher than that of existing remnant models while providing robust predictions for arbitrary mass ratios.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Published in PRD. Model publicly available at https://pypi.org/project/surfinBH
Phase transition and evidence of fast-scrambling phase in measurement-only quantum circuit
Creators: name: Kuno, Yoshihito
name: Orito, Takahiro
name: Ichinose, Ikuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Information scrambling is nowadays one of the most important topics in various fields of research. Measurement-only circuit (MoC) exhibits specific information scrambling dynamics, depending on the types of projective measurements and their mutual anti-commutativity. The spatial range of the projective measurements in MoCs gives significant influences on circuit dynamics. In this work, we introduce and study long-range MoCs, which exhibit an interesting behavior in their dynamics. In particular, the long-range measurements can induce volume-law phases in MoCs without unitary time evolution, which come from anti-commutative frustration of measurements specific to the long-range MoCs. This phenomenon occurs even in MoCs composed of solely two-body measurements, and it accompanies an entanglement phase transition. Crucially, our numerics find evidences that MoCs can be a fast scrambler. Interplay of high anti-commutativity among measurements and their long-range properties generates fast entanglement growth in the whole system beyond linear-light-cone spreading.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. B
Columnar grain width control for SS316L via hatch spacing manipulation in laser powder bed fusion
Creators: name: Hu, Zhiheng
name: Gao, Shubo
name: Tai, Junfei
name: Qu, Shuo
name: Ding, Junhao
name: Song, Xu
name: Fan, Zheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: This study provides a quantitative way to tailor the grain structure in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Square-bottomed columnar grains (SCGs) were developed with a certain width roughly equal to the hatch spacing. The development of SCGs relied on different distinguishable regions, which were identified based on the differences in microstructural features between the melt-pool side and centreline. High lattice rotation accumulated at the melt-pool centreline, leading to grain boundaries forming at the centreline regions. The ultrasonic attenuation measurements and microhardness tests further validated the controllable properties. The findings indicated a novel approach to customise the material property. A method to quantitatively control the columnar grain width in laser powder bed fusion was uncovered. The controllable properties were indicated, and the formation mechanism was revealed.
Discovery of a red backsplash galaxy candidate near M81
Creators: name: Casey, Kirsten J.
name: Greco, Johnny P.
name: Peter, Annika H. G.
name: Davis, A. Bianca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding quenching mechanisms in low-mass galaxies is essential for understanding galaxy evolution overall. In particular, isolated galaxies are important tools to help disentangle the complex internal and external processes that impact star formation. Comparisons between quenched field and satellite galaxies in the low mass regime offer a substantial opportunity for discovery, although very few quenched galaxies with masses below $M_{\star}$$\sim$$10^{9} M_{\odot}$ are known outside the virial radius, $R_{vir}$, of any host halo. Importantly, simulations and observations suggest that an in-between population of backsplash galaxies also exists that may complement interpretations of environmental quenching. Backsplash galaxies -- like field galaxies -- reside outside the virial radius of a host halo, but their star formation can be deeply impacted by previous interactions with more massive systems. In this paper, we report the discovery of a low-mass ($M_{\star}$$\sim$$10^{7} M_{\odot}$) quenched galaxy approximately $1 R_{vir}$ in projection from the M81 group. We use surface brightness fluctuations (SBF) to investigate the possibility that the new galaxy, dubbed dw0910p7326 (nicknamed Blobby), is a backsplash galaxy or a more distant field galaxy. The measured SBF distance of $3.21\substack{+0.15 +0.41 \\ -0.15 -0.36}$ Mpc indicates that Blobby likely lies between $1.0 < R/R_{vir} < 2.7$ outside the combined M81--M82 system. Given its distance and quiescence, Blobby is a good candidate for a backsplash galaxy and could provide hints about the formation and evolution of these interesting objects.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, matches published version in MNRAS
Common hemostasis and inflammation gene variants and venous thrombosis in older adults from the Cardiovascular Health Study
Creators: name: FOLSOM, A. R.
name: SMITH, N. L.
name: REINER, A. P.
name: CUSHMAN, M.
name: ZAKAI, N. A.
name: LANGE, L. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Age-related changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis are associated with increased risk of thrombotic events. Inherited deficiencies of coagulation proteins, such as factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A, explain a small fraction of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). Additional genetic factors likely underlie the etiology of VTE, some of which may become manifest at older ages.
ARPES experiment in fermiology of quasi-2D metals (Review Article)
Creators: name: Kordyuk, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) enables direct observation of the Fermi surface and underlying electronic structure of crystals---the basic concepts to describe all the electronic properties of solids and to understand the key electronic interactions involved. The method is the most effective to study quasi-2D metals, to which the subjects of almost all hot problems in modern condensed matter physics have happened to belong. This has forced incredibly the development of the ARPES method which we face now. The aim of this paper is to introduce to the reader the state-of-the-art ARPES, reviewing the results of its application to such topical problems as high temperature superconductivity in cuprates and iron based superconductors, and electronic ordering in the transition metal dichalcogenides and manganites.
description: Invited Review to the Special Issue of Low Temp. Phys., for more details see http://www.imp.kiev.ua/~kord
Ferroelectric response to interlayer shifting and rotations in trilayer hexagonal Boron Nitride
Creators: name: Cortés, Emilio A.
name: Florez, Juan M.
name: Morell, Eric Suárez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From monolayers composed of different atoms, we can build structures with spontaneous vertical polarization by conveniently stacking multiple layers. We have studied, using first-principles methods and based on modern polarization theory, a system composed of three layers of hexagonal Boron-Nitride(h-BN) in all possible stackings. We obtain for each of the configurations how charge transfers between the layers and how it impacts on the polarization of the system. In addition, we studied a system of three layers, one of them rotated, and we found that not only did the magnitude of the polarization increase comparing with the bilayer but also, depending on the initial stacking and the rotated layer, we can create a variety of mosaic-like polarization arrangements, which are composed of regions with either triangular or hexagonal symmetry.
description: 14 Pages
Levels of microparticle tissue factor activity correlate with coagulation activation in endotoxemic mice
Creators: name: KIRCHHOFER, D.
name: MACKMAN, N.
name: PAWLINSKI, R.
name: MANLY, D.
name: WANG, J.-G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Tissue factor (TF) is present in blood in various forms, including small membrane vesicles called microparticles (MPs). Elevated levels of these MPs appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis in a variety of diseases, including sepsis.
Unveiling the nature of galactic TeV sources with IceCube results
Creators: name: Vecchiotti, Vittoria
name: Villante, Francesco L.
name: Pagliaroli, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IceCube collaboration reported the first high-significance observation of the neutrino emission from the Galactic disk. The observed signal can be due to diffuse emission produced by cosmic rays interacting with interstellar gas but can also arise from a population of sources. In this paper, we evaluate both the diffuse and source contribution by taking advantage of gamma-ray observations and/or theoretical considerations. By comparing our expectations with IceCube measurement, we constrain the fraction of Galactic TeV gamma-ray sources (resolved and unresolved) with hadronic nature. In order to be compatible with the IceCube results, this fraction should be less than $\sim 40\%$ corresponding to a cumulative source flux $Φ_{ν, \rm s} \le 2.6 \times 10^{-10} cm^{-2}s^{-1}$ integrated in the 1-100 TeV energy range.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2306.16305
Spatiotemporal forecasting of vertical track alignment with exogenous factors
Creators: name: Kosukegawa, Katsuya
name: Mori, Yasukuni
name: Suyari, Hiroki
name: Kawamoto, Kazuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To ensure the safety of railroad operations, it is important to monitor and forecast track geometry irregularities. A higher safety requires forecasting with higher spatiotemporal frequencies, which in turn requires capturing spatial correlations. Additionally, track geometry irregularities are influenced by multiple exogenous factors. In this study, a method is proposed to forecast one type of track geometry irregularity, vertical alignment, by incorporating spatial and exogenous factor calculations. The proposed method embeds exogenous factors and captures spatiotemporal correlations using a convolutional long short-term memory. The proposed method is also experimentally compared with other methods in terms of the forecasting performance. Additionally, an ablation study on exogenous factors is conducted to examine their individual contributions to the forecasting performance. The results reveal that spatial calculations and maintenance record data improve the forecasting of vertical alignment.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Defects and persistent luminescence in Eu-doped SrAl$_2$O$_4$
Creators: name: Hoang, Khang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate native point defects and rare-earth (co)dopants in SrAl$_2$O$_4$ using hybrid density-functional defect calculations. Europium (Eu) and dysprosium (Dy) are found to be mixed valence and energetically most favorable at the Sr lattice sites. However, unlike Eu where both Eu$^{2+}$ and Eu$^{3+}$ can be realized in synthesis, Dy is stable predominantly as Dy$^{3+}$, and the divalent Dy$^{2+}$ may only be photogenerated under irradiation. On the basis of an analysis of Eu-related band-defect (including charge-transfer) and interconfigurational $5d$-$4f$ optical transitions, we assign the characteristic broad blue (445 nm) and green (520 nm) emission bands in Eu$^{2+}$-doped SrAl$_2$O$_4$ to the $4f^65d^1$ $\rightarrow$ $4f^7$ transition in Eu$^{2+}$ incorporated at the Sr1 and Sr2 sites, respectively. Strontium interstitials (not oxygen vacancies, in contrast to what is commonly believed) and Dy$_{\rm Sr}$ can act as efficient electron traps for room-temperature persistent luminescence. This work calls for a re-assessment of certain assumptions regarding specific carrier trapping centers made in all mechanisms previously proposed for the persistent luminescence in Eu- and (Eu,Dy)-doped SrAl$_2$O$_4$. It also serves as a methodological template for the understanding and design of rare-earth doped phosphors.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables
Large-Field Inflation and Supersymmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Buchmuller, Wilfried
name: Dudas, Emilian
name: Heurtier, Lucien
name: Wieck, Clemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-field inflation is an interesting and predictive scenario. Its non-trivial embedding in supergravity was intensively studied in the recent literature, whereas its interplay with supersymmetry breaking has been less thoroughly investigated. We consider the minimal viable model of chaotic inflation in supergravity containing a stabilizer field, and add a Polonyi field. Furthermore, we study two possible extensions of the minimal setup. We show that there are various constraints: first of all, it is very hard to couple an O'Raifeartaigh sector with the inflaton sector, the simplest viable option being to couple them only through gravity. Second, even in the simplest model the gravitino mass is bounded from above parametrically by the inflaton mass. Therefore, high-scale supersymmetry breaking is hard to implement in a chaotic inflation setup. As a separate comment we analyze the simplest chaotic inflation construction without a stabilizer field, together with a supersymmetrically stabilized Kahler modulus. Without a modulus, the potential of such a model is unbounded from below. We show that a heavy modulus cannot solve this problem.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures, comments and references added
From Hot Jupiters to Super-Earths via Roche Lobe Overflow
Creators: name: Valsecchi, Francesca
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
name: Steffen, Jason H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through tidal dissipation in a slowly spinning host star the orbits of many hot Jupiters may decay down to the Roche limit. We expect that in most cases the ensuing mass transfer will be stable. Using detailed numerical calculations we find that this evolution is quite rapid, potentially leading to complete removal of the gaseous envelope in a few Gyr, and leaving behind an exposed rocky core ("hot super-Earth"). Final orbital periods are quite sensitive to the details of the planet's mass-radius relation, and to the effects of irradiation and photo-evaporation, but could be as short as a few hours, or as long as several days. Our scenario predicts the existence of planets with intermediate masses ("hot Neptunes") that should be found precisely at their Roche limit and in the process of losing mass through Roche lobe overflow. The observed excess of small single-planet candidate systems observed by Kepler may also be the result of this process. If so, the properties of their host stars should track those of the hot Jupiters. Moreover, the number of systems that produced hot Jupiters could be 2-3 times larger than one would infer from contemporary observations.
description: 6 pages, 4 Figures. Accepted by ApJL
Dollar-Yuan Battle in the World Trade Network
Creators: name: Coquidé, Célestin
name: Lages, José
name: Shepelyansky, Dima L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: From the Bretton Woods agreement in 1944 till the present day, the US dollar has been the dominant currency in the world trade. However, the rise of the Chinese economy led recently to the emergence of trade transactions in Chinese yuan. Here, we analyze mathematically how the structure of the international trade flows would favor a country to trade whether in US dollar or in Chinese yuan. The computation of the trade currency preference is based on the world trade network built from the 2010-2020 UN Comtrade data. The preference of a country to trade in US dollar or Chinese yuan is determined by two multiplicative factors: the relative weight of trade volume exchanged by the country with its direct trade partners, and the relative weight of its trade partners in the global international trade. The performed analysis, based on Ising spin interactions on the world trade network, shows that, from 2010 to present, a transition took place, and the majority of the world countries would have now a preference to trade in Chinese yuan if one only consider the world trade network structure.
description: The preprint contains 19 pages including 13 pages of supplementary materials, 12 figures (including 7 supplementary figs) and 6 tables