cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A New Approach to Searching for Dark Matter Signals in Fermi-LAT Gamma Rays
Creators: name: Chang, Spencer
name: Goodenough, Lisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several cosmic ray experiments have measured excesses in electrons and positrons, relative to standard backgrounds, for energies from ~ 10 GeV - 1 TeV. These excesses could be due to new astrophysical sources, but an explanation in which the electrons and positrons are dark matter annihilation or decay products is also consistent. Fortunately, the Fermi-LAT diffuse gamma ray measurements can further test these models, since the electrons and positrons produce gamma rays in their interactions in the interstellar medium. Although the dark matter gamma ray signal consistent with the local electron and positron measurements should be quite large, as we review, there are substantial uncertainties in the modeling of diffuse backgrounds and, additionally, experimental uncertainties that make it difficult to claim a dark matter discovery. In this paper, we introduce an alternative method for understanding the diffuse gamma ray spectrum in which we take the intensity ratio in each energy bin of two different regions of the sky, thereby canceling common systematic uncertainties. For many spectra, this ratio fits well to a power law with a single break in energy. The two measured exponent indices are a robust discriminant between candidate models, and we demonstrate that dark matter annihilation scenarios can predict index values that require "extreme" parameters for background-only explanations.
description: v1: 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, revtex4; v2: 13 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, revtex4, Figure 4 added, minor additions made to text, references added, conclusions unchanged, published version
Additional file 1 of Widespread distribution of radiocesium-bearing microparticles over the greater Kanto Region resulting from the Fukushima nuclear accident
Creators: name: Abe, Yoshinari
name: Onozaki, Seika
name: Nakai, Izumi
name: Adachi, Kouji
name: Igarashi, Yasuhito
name: Oura, Yasuji
name: Ebihara, Mitsuru
name: Miyasaka, Takafumi
name: Nakamura, Hisashi
name: Sueki, Keisuke
name: Tsuruta, Haruo
name: Moriguchi, Yuichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. 134Cs and 137Cs radioactivities and 134Cs/137Cs activity ratio of eight particles (A1~G1). Figure S1. SR-μ-XANES spectra of four representative CsMPs (A1, B1, C1, and E1) isolated from the SPM filter and reference materials. (a) Fe-K edge, (b) Zn-K edge, (c) Mo-K edge, and (d) Sn-K edge. Figure S2. SR-μ-XRD patterns of four representative radioactive particles (A1, B1, C1, and E1) isolated from the SPM filter and reference material. (a) Particle A1, (b) particle B1, (c) particle C1, (d) particle E1, and (e) silicon powder (NIST SRM 640c). In contrast to sharp diffraction peaks detected in silicon powder, no obvious peaks were detected in four radioactive particles.
Schelling segregation in an open city: a kinetically constrained Blume-Emery-Griffiths spin-1 system
Creators: name: Gauvin, L.
name: Nadal, J. -P.
name: Vannimenus, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the 70's Schelling introduced a multi-agent model to describe the segregation dynamics that may occur with individuals having only weak preferences for 'similar' neighbors. Recently variants of this model have been discussed, in particular, with emphasis on the links with statistical physics models. Whereas these models consider a fixed number of agents moving on a lattice, here we present a version allowing for exchanges with an external reservoir of agents. The density of agents is controlled by a parameter which can be viewed as measuring the attractiveness of the city-lattice. This model is directly related to the zero-temperature dynamics of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEG) spin-1 model, with kinetic constraints. With a varying vacancy density, the dynamics with agents making deterministic decisions leads to a new variety of "phases" whose main features are the characteristics of the interfaces between clusters of agents of different types. The domains of existence of each type of interface are obtained analytically as well as numerically. These interfaces may completely isolate the agents leading to another type of segregation as compared to what is observed in the original Schelling model, and we discuss its possible socio-economic correlates.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, final version accepted for publication in PRE
title: A Procedure for Developing a Carcass Merit Program for the Pork Industry
Creators: name: Burrow, James Allen
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1989

description: A stratified sample of 420 market hogs representing the seven 10- pound incremental carcass weight classes from 140 lbs. to 210 lbs. , and the nine last rib back fat classes from less than .8 inches to 1.5 inches, or greater, within each weight class were analyzed to determine carcass value and yield of wholesale cuts. Simple correlation coefficients were calculated between each of the carcass measurements. The carcass yield data were manipulated by multiple regression procedures to achieve a series of equations for predicting the weights of the primal cuts. The benefits of being able to predict the weights of the primal cuts were discussed. A procedure for developing a premium/discount matrix was explained . The formulae for developing the matrix were explained. The necessary assumptions were also explored. A procedure for evaluating a premium/discount matrix was developed. The impact of an industry-wide carcass merit program was discussed.
Non-minimal coupling of photons and axions
Creators: name: Balakin, Alexander B.
name: Ni, Wei-Tou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a new self-consistent system of equations accounting for a non-minimal interaction of gravitational, electromagnetic and axion fields. The procedure is based on a non-minimal extension of the standard Einstein-Maxwell-axion action. The general properties of a ten-parameter family of non-minimal linear models are discussed. We apply this theory to the models with pp-wave symmetry and consider propagation of electromagnetic waves non-minimally coupled to the gravitational and axion fields. We focus on exact solutions of electrodynamic equations, which describe quasi-minimal and non-minimal optical activity induced by the axion field. We also discuss empirical constraints on coupling parameters from astrophysical birefringence and polarization rotation observations.
description: 31 pages, 2 Tables; replaced with the final version published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
title: Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Sugar and Rice Trade of the Dominican Republic
Creators: name: Brito, Gertrudys
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1989

description: The present research measures the role of exchange rate changes in explaining variations of sugar and rice trade. As background for this research, monetary, fiscal, and exchange rate policies of the Dominican Republic since 1970 are reviewed.
The theoretical framework describing the relationship between exchange rate changes and sugar and rice trade has been tested empirically using the Dominican Republic's annual data for the period of 1970-1987. Regression analyses on the import of rice and export of sugar are estimated.
The regression results conform with the expectation that exchange rate variance is most influential for rice import demand and less so for sugar export demand. That is to be expected because the trade environment for sugar is more restricted by noneconomic conditions than the trade environment for rice. The estimated exchange rate elasticity for rice import demand is 1.92, while for sugar export demand it averages 0.098 in the short run and 0.242 in the long run.
Export volume is relatively insensitive to changes in the U. S price for Caribbean sugar but is responsive to changes in the real exchange rate.
Empirical results of this research also indicate that the import demand for rice is highly sensitive to the gross domestic product but less responsive to changes in domestic rice production and exchange rates.
The monetary and fiscal policies review shows that the Dominican government has consistently followed an expansionary fiscal and monetary policy. Over time monetary expansion and increasing government expenditures have resulted in an increasing exchange rate with predicable change in Dominican exports and imports including sugar (exports) and rice (imports ), therefore having some effect on sugar and rice trade as well. Dramatic depreciation of the Dominican peso in the past three years relative to the first 15 years of the data period suggests that further research and reestimation of the link o f monetary and fiscal policies to exchange rates and commodity trade should be done as the data are available to support them .
German-Russian Astroparticle Data Life Cycle Initiative to foster Big Data Infrastructure for Multi-Messenger Astronomy
Creators: name: Tokareva, Victoria
name: Bychkov, Igor
name: Demichev, Andrey
name: Dubenskaya, Julia
name: Fedorov, Oleg
name: Haungs, Andreas
name: Kang, Donghwa
name: Kazarina, Yulia
name: Korosteleva, Elena E.
name: Kostunin, Dmitriy
name: Kryukov, Alexander
name: Mikhailov, Andrey
name: Nguyen, Minh-Duc
name: Polgart, Frank
name: Polyakov, Stanislav
name: Postnikov, Evgeny
name: Shigarov, Alexey
name: Shipilov, Dmitry
name: Streit, Achim
name: Wochele, Doris
name: Wochele, Jürgen
name: Zhurov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)
Year: 2021

description: Challenges faced by researchers in multi-messenger astroparticle physics include: computing-intensive search and preprocessing related to the diversity of content and formats of the data from different observatories as well as to data fragmentation over separate storage locations; inconsistencies in user interfaces for data retrieval; lack of the united infrastructure solutions suitable for both data gathering and online analysis, e.g. analyses employing deep neural networks. In order to address solving these issues, the German-Russian Astroparticle Data Life Cycle Initiative (GRADLCI) was created. In addition, we support activities for communicating our research field to the public. The approaches proposed by the project are based on the concept of data life cycle, which assumes a particular pipeline of data curation used for every unit of the data from the moment of its retrieval or creation through the stages of data preprocessing, analysis, publishing and archival. The movement towards unified data curation schemes is essential to increase the benefits gained in the analysis of geographically distributed or content-diverse data. Within the project, an infrastructure for effective astroparticle data curation and online analysis was developed. Using it, first results on deep-learning based analysis were obtained.
Additional file 7 of CK2 alpha prime and alpha-synuclein pathogenic functional interaction mediates synaptic dysregulation in huntington’s disease
Creators: name: Yu, Dahyun
name: Zarate, Nicole
name: White, Angel
name: Coates, De’jah
name: Tsai, Wei
name: Nanclares, Carmen
name: Cuccu, Francesco
name: Yue, Johnny S.
name: Brown, Taylor G.
name: Mansky, Rachel H.
name: Jiang, Kevin
name: Kim, Hyuck
name: Nichols-Meade, Tessa
name: Larson, Sarah N.
name: Gundry, Katherine
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Tomas-Zapico, Cristina
name: Lucas, Jose J.
name: Benneyworth, Michael
name: Öz, Gülin
name: Cvetanovic, Marija
name: Araque, Alfonso
name: Gomez-Pastor, Rocio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7. WGCNA module names and number of genes per module.
Hannah More : her message and her method
Creators: name: Andrews, Margaret Winters
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Hannah More (1745-1833), the daughter of an impoverished gentleman-schoolmaster, rose through charm and literary-talent into the brilliant London literary society of the last quarter of the eighteenth century. In middle age she became an Evangelical and joined the "Clapham Saints" in their campaigns for "vital religion" and for reformation of manners and morals. She made her contribution through the establishment of Sunday and day schools for the poor in the Mendip Hills of Somerset, and through the composition of "improving" books for rich and poor. These didactic works were vehicles for her social and religious philosophy, and Hannah More intended that they should be the means for conversion to these ideas. Her traditional and conservative social philosophy saw society as an organic, hierarchical structure, cemented by deference and paternalism. Her religion was part of the broader evangelical revival and stressed deep personal commitment, scripturalism, missionary zeal, and regular religious duties. Her method of persuasion ignored industrialization and assumed that Englishmen of various ranks still accepted the traditional social framework; at the same time it played upon the fears and privations of the moment which grew from the industrial and French revolutions, and from the Napoleonic Wars.
Pressure Effects in Supercooled Water: Comparison between a 2D Model of Water and Experiments for Surface Water on a Protein
Creators: name: Franzese, Giancarlo
name: Stokely, Kevin
name: Chu, Xiang-qiang
name: Kumar, Pradeep
name: Mazza, Marco G.
name: Chen, Sow-Hsin
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments in bulk water confirm the existence of two local arrangements of water molecules with different densities, but, because of inevitable freezing at low temperature $T$, can not ascertain whether the two arrangements separate in two phases. To avoid the freezing, new experiments measure the dynamics of water at low $T$ on the surface of proteins, finding a crossover from a non-Arrhenius regime at high $T$ to a regime that is approximately Arrhenius at low $T$. Motivated by these experiments, Kumar et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 105701 (2008)] investigated, by Monte Carlo simulations and mean field calculations, the relation of the dynamic crossover with the coexistence of two liquid phases in a cell model for water and predict that: (i) the dynamic crossover is isochronic, i.e. the value of the crossover time $τ_{\rm L}$ is approximately independent of pressure $P$; (ii) the Arrhenius activation energy $E_{\rm A}(P)$ of the low-$T$ regime decreases upon increasing $P$; (iii) the temperature $T^*(P)$ at which $τ$ reaches a fixed macroscopic time $τ^*\geq τ_{\rm L}$ decreases upon increasing $P$; in particular, this is true also for the crossover temperature $T_{\rm L}(P)$ at which $τ=τ_{\rm L}$. Here, we compare these predictions with recent quasi elastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments performed by X.-Q. Chu {\it et al.} on hydrated proteins at different values of $P$. We find that the experiments are consistent with these three predictions.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, to appear on J. Phys.: Cond. Mat
Additional file 1 of Hemostasis functions are associated with hemorrhagic transformation in non-atrial fibrillation patients: a case-control study
Creators: name: Cheng, Hao-Ran
name: Chen, Yun-Bin
name: Zeng, Ya-Ying
name: Ruan, Yi-Ting
name: Yuan, Cheng-Xiang
name: Cheng, Qian-Qian
name: Chen, Hui-Jun
name: Luan, Xiao-Qian
name: Gui-Qian Huang
name: He, Jin-Cai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline characteristics of AIS patients according to subcategorized group by AF
Additional file 8 of CK2 alpha prime and alpha-synuclein pathogenic functional interaction mediates synaptic dysregulation in huntington’s disease
Creators: name: Yu, Dahyun
name: Zarate, Nicole
name: White, Angel
name: Coates, De’jah
name: Tsai, Wei
name: Nanclares, Carmen
name: Cuccu, Francesco
name: Yue, Johnny S.
name: Brown, Taylor G.
name: Mansky, Rachel H.
name: Jiang, Kevin
name: Kim, Hyuck
name: Nichols-Meade, Tessa
name: Larson, Sarah N.
name: Gundry, Katherine
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Tomas-Zapico, Cristina
name: Lucas, Jose J.
name: Benneyworth, Michael
name: Öz, Gülin
name: Cvetanovic, Marija
name: Araque, Alfonso
name: Gomez-Pastor, Rocio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8. RNA-Seq comparison between samples and with Langfelder et al., 2016 [49]. a, Kruskal-Wallis test of module expressions between zQ175 mice and WT mice. b IPA canonical pathway analysis of module genes for module “Red”. c, Cook’s distance (DESeq2), which is a measure of how much a single sample is influencing the fitted coefficients for a gene, for all tested samples (HET = CK2α’(+/-), KI = zQ175, KIHET = zQ175:CK2α’(+/-)). d, Network visualization of top 15% connected genes for module genes of module “Greenyellow”. The size of the circles was scaled by the absolute value of the mean log2-fold change between zQ175 and zQ175:CK2α’(+/-) mice. e, MA-plot of differential gene expression between HD (zQ175) and WT mice. f, Venn Diagram of differentially expressed genes between HD (zQ175) and WT mice in comparison to Langfelder 2016 data. g, MA-plot of differential gene expression between zQ175:CK2α’(+/-) and WT mice. h, Venn Diagram of differentially expressed genes between zQ175, WT, zQ175:CK2α’(+/-) and CK2α’(+/-) mice. i, Driver factors of gene expression variance (genotype and/or gender) for the DGEs identified between zQ175 and zQ175:CK2α’(+/-) were evaluated using R package variance Partition.
title: The Impact of Twelve-Mile Canyon Mudslides on Downstream Water Users in Sanpete County, Utah
Creators: name: Boore, Danny L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of major landslides during 1983-84 in Twelve-Mile Canyon, Sanpete County, Utah on agricultural water users in the Gunnison Irrigation System. Sediment content and stream flow data were gathered from Twelve-Mile Creek during the irrigation season of 1984. This information was used to estimate the sediment load of Twelve-Mile Creek and to compare historical averages . A survey of Gunnison Irrigation System Water Users was conducted to obtain information defining the damage and production losses caused by an increase in sediment carried by irrigation water. This information was tabulated and used as a basis for calculating the cost of mudslides . Alternatives for mitigating the impacts of the landslides were explored and evaluated. Recommendations were presented to lessen the economic loss suffered by Gunnison Valley farmers. Damages were estimated to be over three million dollars annually. Construction of sediment basins and alteration in specific management prac tices offered the potential to reduce damage and loss by nearly one third.
title: Comparing Different Methods for Determining Moisture in Wheat Using NESR Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Chang, Weider
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: One hundred wheat samples, with moisture ranging from 14.42 %to 7.66 %, were used to test the moisture loss from grinding, the accuracy of moisture content from two different electric moisture meters, and the accuracy and precision of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy whole wheat moisture determination.
Fifty samples were ground through three grinders, Wiley, Cemotec , and UDY Cyclone grinder. Moisture content was determined from these ground samples, and compared with whole wheat moisture. The Cemotec grinder caused the least amount of moisture loss, followed by Wiley and then UDY Cyclone.
Fifty whole wheat samples were used to calibrate the Tecator GP6010 moisture meter. Another 50 whole wheat samples with known moisture values, were used to test the accuracy of the Tecator GP6010 moisture meter. Moisture and compared to moisture readings from a Motomco meter. Tecator moisture value had a better correlation coefficient to whole wheat moisture than Motomco moisture values (0.935 and 0.917, respectively). Three sample sets from different grinding preparation methods were scanned by NIRS . Eight moisture values were entered into the computer, and separate multiple regression equations developed.
Sixteen wheat samples with known moisture content were used to test the equations. For .whole wheat moisture equation, SEA and r 2 were 0.159 and 0.991, 0.223 and 0.972, 0 .223 and 0 .973, 0.322 and 0.888, 0.218 and 0.968, 0.248 and 0.969 , 0.208 and 0.978 , 0.249 and 0.970 for whole wheat, Cemotec, Wiley, UDY, C3 , C5, C6, and Motomco moisture, respectively. For Cemotec moisture equation, SEA and r2 were 0.226 and 0.944, 0.208 and 0.927, 2.267 and 0.071, 0.208 and 0.853, 0.272 and 0.876, 2.296 and 0.088, 0.291 and 0.896, 0.248 and 0.927, for whole wheat, Cemotec, Wiley, Udy, C3, CS , C6, and Motomco moisture, respectively. For UDY moisture equation, SEA and r2 were 0 .402 and 0.909, 0.364 and 0.900, 0.353 and 0.907, 0.119 and 0 .973, 0.407 and 0.858, 0.484 and 0.856, 0.514 and 0.835, 0.403 and 0.897, for whole wheat, Cemotec, Wiley, UDY, Tecator C3, CS, C6, and Motomco moisture, respectively. Many desirable features make the whole wheat method a good direction for Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy.
Feedback from central black holes in elliptical galaxies. II: Can purely mechanical energy feedback models work?
Creators: name: Shin, Min-Su
name: Ostriker, Jeremiah P.
name: Ciotti, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using high-resolution 1D hydrodynamical simulations, we investigate the effects of purely mechanical feedback from super massive black holes (SMBHs) in the evolution of elliptical galaxies for a broad range of feedback efficiencies and compare the results to four major observational constraints. In particular, we focus on 1) the central black hole to stellar mass ratio of the host galaxy, 2) the lifetime of the luminous quasar phase, 3) the mass of stars formed in the host galaxy within the last Gyr, and 4) the X-ray luminosity of the hot diffuse gas. As a result, we try to pin down the most successful range of mechanical feedback efficiencies. We find that while low feedback efficiencies result in too much growth of the SMBH, high efficiencies totally blow out the hot interstellar gas, and the models are characterized by very low thermal X-ray luminosity well below the observed range. The net lifetime of the quasar phase is strongly coupled to the mass ratio between SMBH and its host galaxy, while the X-ray luminosity is generally correlated to the recent star formation within the last Gyr. When considering the popularly adopted model of the constant feedback efficiency, the feedback energy deposited into the ambient medium should be more than 0.01% of the SMBH accretion energy to be consistent with the SMBH mass to stellar mass ratio in the local universe. Yet, the X-ray luminosity of the hot gas favors about 0.005% of the accretion energy as the mechanical AGN feedback energy. We conclude that the purely mechanical feedback mode is unlikely to be simultaneously compatible with all four observable tests, even allowing a broad range of feedback efficiencies, and that including both radiative and mechanical feedback together may be a solution to comply the observational constraints. [abridged]
description: Accepted to ApJ
Policy Brief: Climate change impacts of plastics
Creators: name: Scientists' Coalition For An Effective Plastics Treaty
name: Karali, Nihan
name: Palm, Ellen
name: Baztan, Juan
name: Gomes, Patricia Villarubia
name: Khanna, Nina
name: Kvale, Karin
name: Lacerda, Ana Luzia
name: Jorgenson, Bethany
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This Policy brief delves into the ways in which plastics production and consumption contributes to the emissions of greenhouse gases throughout the plastic product lifecycle. The document is an output of the Scientists' Coalition for an Effective Plastics Treaty (SCEPT) working group on climate change impacts, and aims at policymakers involved in the Intergovernmental Negotiation Committee (INC). A French and Spanish version of the brief will be available soon.
Additional file 2 of Hemostasis functions are associated with hemorrhagic transformation in non-atrial fibrillation patients: a case-control study
Creators: name: Cheng, Hao-Ran
name: Chen, Yun-Bin
name: Zeng, Ya-Ying
name: Ruan, Yi-Ting
name: Yuan, Cheng-Xiang
name: Cheng, Qian-Qian
name: Chen, Hui-Jun
name: Luan, Xiao-Qian
name: Gui-Qian Huang
name: He, Jin-Cai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Baseline characteristics of AIS patients according to the subcategorized groups of HT
title: Effects of Sire, Ration, and Interaction of Sire with Ration on Reproductive Performance of Holstein Dairy Cows
Creators: name: Chen, Jen-Hon Justin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: A study was conducted to analyze reproductive data gathered over a ten-year period at the Utah State University Dairy Farm. The study utilized 289 complete first lactations of Holstein cows, including 150 daughters of 10 sires in Trial I and 139 daughters of 8 sires in Trial II. One sire was used in both trials; this was sire 4 in Trial I and sire 18 in Trial II. The study measured ration, season, and sire effects and their interactions on the reproductive performances of dairy cows.
Reproductive traits analyzed were: days from calving to first estrus, days from calving to first breeding, days from first breeding to pregnancy, days open, number of services per pregnancy, pregnancy rate, calving interval, number of estrous cycles to first breeding, and number of estrous cycles to pregnancy.
Sire effect examined the effect of predicted difference for milk (PDM) of sires on reproductive performances of their daughters. There was 1352- kg PDM difference between lowest and highest sire. There was no sire effect among North American sires, but daughters of one sire from New Zealand had significantly lower reproductive performance. Reproductive performance of daughters was not related to PDM of sire.
Ration affected calving interval in the comparison of all four rations. But more data is needed to verify this because only one sire had daughters on all rations.
Effect of season of calving on days open and days from first breeding to pregnancy is also very questionable because of small numbers of daughters in some seasons. Ration by season interaction affected days open, services per pregnancy and pregnancy rate. The high energy ration enhanced reproduction in cold season and low energy was more beneficial in cows calving in hot season.
There was no sire by ration interaction effect.
Fixed points of commutative Lüders operations
Creators: name: Weihua, Liu
name: Junde, Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper verifies a conjecture posed in a pair of papers on the fixed point sets for a class of quantum operations. Specifically, it is proved that if a quantum operation has mutually commuting operation elements that are effects forming a resolution of the identity, then the fixed points set of the quantum operation is exactly the commutant of the operation elements.
title: Economic Aspects of Reproductive Problems in Utah and Southeastern Idaho Dairy Herds
Creators: name: Lemrick, Steve
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: One hundred eighty-seven survey questionnaires asking for reproductive information for 1985 were sent to dairymen in Utah and Southeastern Idaho. Forty- two herds with current DHI information and whose owners or managers completed and returned the questionnaire were used to estimate economic losses due to reproductive problems, especially excessive days open, in Utah and Southeastern Idaho.
Average days open for herds surveyed were 122.4 days with a standard deviation of 22.6 days, and a range of 89 to 177 days. Several factors were significantly correlated with days open including services per conception, previous calving interval, and missed heats. Missed heats accounted for most of the variability in days open with an r2 of .82.
Surveyed dairymen were losing an average $1.22 per cow per day due to excessive days open beyond 90 days. In addition they were losing approximately $22.87 per cow per year due to reproductive levels inferior to the top expected levels and veterinary costs associated with reproductive problems other than excessive days open. Although this is the estimated average loss in Utah and Southeastern Idaho, dairymen should try to determine losses in their own herds due to reproductive problems because of the extreme variability which exists among herds. Utah and Southeastern Idaho dairymen are suffering serious economic losses due to excessive days open and they need to improve their heat detection methods to reduce these losses.
Statistical Mechanics of Developable Ribbons
Creators: name: Giomi, L.
name: Mahadevan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the statistical mechanics of long developable ribbons of finite width and very small thickness. The constraint of isometric deformations in these ribbon-like structures that follows from the geometric separation of scales introduces a coupling between bending and torsional degrees of freedom. Using analytical techniques and Monte Carlo simulations, we find that the tangent-tangent correlation functions always exhibits an oscillatory decay at any finite temperature implying the existence of an underlying helical structure even in absence of a preferential zero-temperature twist. In addition the persistence length is found to be over three times larger than that of a wormlike chain having the same bending rigidity. Our results are applicable to many ribbon-like objects in polymer physics and nanoscience that are not described by the classical worm-like chain model.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
title: Comparative Study of Elongated Chromosomes in Sheep and Goats and a Proposed Standard
Creators: name: Mensher, Stephen H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: A cell synchronization technique was used that consistently yielded numerous elongated chromosomes, which are necessary for producing high-resolution G-banding. The prometaphase stage of contraction was determined to have the greatest utility for detailed comparative analysis and, therefore, was used in the preparation of the proposed standard high-re solution karyotypes and idiogram.
A proposed standard high-resolution G-band karyotype of the domestic sheep and goat is presented, along with a high-resolution G-band idiogram of the goat. The karyotypes presented contain considerably more bands than contemporary karyotypes and provide much greater resolution for linear differentiation. The X chromosome of the sheep is acrocentric, rather than having a minute p arm as recently reported.
A side -by-side comparison of high-resolution G-band sheep and goat chromosomes indicates identical equivalence of banding patterns. Of special note is the homology of banding patterns for the six acrocentric autosomes of the goat and the respective three submetacentric autosomes of the sheep, reinforcing the evidence that the goat is representative of the ancestral karyotype.
C-bands and NORs of the sheep and goat are also presented. When C-banded, the centromeric regions of the sheep and goat acrocentric autosomes were found to be densely stained. The centromeric regions of the X and Y, however, were not stained differently from the chromosome arms. In the sheep submetacentrics, chromosomes 1 and 3 showed weak C-bands while chromosome 2 showed stronger bands.
In the sheep and goat, 10 NORs located terminally on five chromosomes pairs were found. Sheep NORs occurred on the three pairs of submetacentric autosomes and on one large and one small pair of acrocentric autosomes. Goat NORs occurred on four large and one small pair of acrocentric autosomes. Sine the banding patterns obtained when staining for NORs do not permit individual identification of each chromosome, duplicate G-banding and silver staining of elongated chromosomes of both sheep and goat would need to be conducted to identify specific NOR-bearing chromosomes.
Study of student attitude toward two contrasting physics laboratory designs.
Creators: name: Page, Gordon G.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A study of the attitudes of students toward physics laboratory programs was hypothesized to be one method of determining the relative probability with which these laboratory programs could succeed in fulfilling two primary objectives: (1) providing a knowledge of some basic concepts and experimantal techniques in physics, and (2) developing a high degree of interest in physics. This supposition was based upon the positive correlation between attitude toward a learning situation and achievement and interest in the situation, reported to have been found in previous studies investigating attitudes and their relationship to learning. To measure the attitudes of students toward the physics laboratory, an attitude scale was developed through sound methods of scale construction. Studies were completed .investigating attitudes as measured by this scale and their relationship with achievement in the laboratory and interest in physics. The results of these studies not only supported the hypothesis that the predicted relationship did exist, but also furnished evidence that the scale possessed construct validity. The function of the attitude scale in this study was to determine which of two physics 110 laboratory programs at the University of British Columbia was more favorably rated by students. One program was patterned upon traditional laboratory design (control program), while the other was based upon recent trends in laboratory philosophy and design (experimental program). Students worked in these programs for three months. The attitude scale was administered before these programs commenced, and at their completion. The results of these administrations disclosed that the experimental program was rated by students to be significantly more favorable than the control program, which in view of the relationship found to exist between attitude as measured by the attitude scale, and achievement in the laboratory and interest in physics, suggested that the experimental program was more capable of providing a knowledge of some basic concepts and experimental techniques in physics, as well as developing a higher degree of interest in physics.
Search for high-energy muon neutrinos from the "naked-eye" GRB 080319B with the IceCube neutrino telescope
Creators: name: IceCube Collaboration
name: Abbasi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a search with the IceCube detector for high-energy muon neutrinos from GRB 080319B, one of the brightest gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) ever observed. The fireball model predicts that a mean of 0.1 events should be detected by IceCube for a bulk Lorentz boost of the jet of 300. In both the direct on-time window of 66 s and an extended window of about 300 s around the GRB, no excess was found above background. The 90% CL upper limit on the number of track-like events from the GRB is 2.7, corresponding to a muon neutrino fluence limit of 9.5x10^-3 erg cm^-2 in the energy range between 120 TeV and 2.2 PeV, which contains 90% of the expected events.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures, version 3 corrects some typos in the formulae A2 and A5. The errors are not present in the code used in the analysis and hence none of the plots or results is affected
title: Big Game Depredation to Crops and Orchards in Seven Counties of Northern and Central Utah: A Case Study
Creators: name: McBride, Kerry C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1988

description: Depredation to crops and orchards is a problem for agricultural producers in many states where big game are in close proximity to land used for ag-production. Heavy snowfall has created a serious big game depredation in Utah in recent years . Heavy snowfall covers big game feed during winter months, which creates a serious demand on cultivated land to maintain the big game herds at current levels. Many operators believe that current big game herd sizes are too large available feed, and should be reduced to prevent damage to agricultural production. Many big game managers believe otherwise.
This study looked at losses to ag-producers in the past five years (1981-1986) in an effort to determine the location and magnitude of losses to big game depredation.
A questionnaire, developed to survey damaged ag-producers, separated big game depredation into four categories: 1) unharvested or standing crops, 2) feed or harvested crops, 3) orchards and 4) range or rangelands. Each category was broken down by type of damage; 1) consumption, 2) spoilage (for feed), 3) trampling (for standing crops and rangelands), 4) fence damage, 5) nuisance costs and 6) permanent damage (damage affecting more than one year's revenue from the enterprise). The questionnaire also sought information concerning State assistance to agoperators for damage received. There were also questions concerning income from hunting club leases and private trespass permit sales, which provide income from big game sources.
Estimates were made of dollar damages in the categories noted above. All information was summarized by county and in total. Tables of information collected are provided in the appendix. Comparisons were made between mean losses and mean income (hunting club leases, private trespass permits and/or state assistance) using simple large sample tests of hypotheses.
Permanent damage was also evaluated for one orchard in which deer had abused the orchard to the point where it had to be removed and replanted. The assertion was made that the depredation created a loss of revenue over a five year period, and losses were evaluated using capital budgeting techniques. Respondents comments, which did not lend themselves to quantitative evaluation, were also summarized.
Extremely-Metal Poor Stars in the Milky Way: A Second Generation Formed after Reionization
Creators: name: Trenti, Michele
name: Shull, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological simulations of Population III star formation suggest an initial mass function (IMF) biased toward very massive stars (M>100Msun) formed in minihalos at redshift z>20, when the cooling is driven by molecular hydrogen. However, this result conflicts with observations of extremely-metal poor (EMP) stars in the Milky Way halo, whose r-process elemental abundances appear to be incompatible with those expected from very massive Population III progenitors. We propose a new solution to the problem in which the IMF of second-generation stars formed at z>10, before reionization, is deficient in sub-solar mass stars, owing to the high cosmic microwave background temperature floor. The observed EMP stars are formed preferentially at z<10 in pockets of gas enriched to metallicity Z>10^{-3.5} Zsun by winds from Population II stars. Our cosmological simulations of dark matter halos like the Milky Way show that current samples of EMP stars can only constrain the IMF of late-time Population III stars, formed at z<13 in halos with virial temperature Tvir~10^4 K. This suggests that pair instability supernovae were not produced primarily by this population. To begin probing the IMF of Population III stars formed at higher redshift will require a large survey, with at least 500 and probably several thousand EMP stars of metallicities Z~10^{-3.5} Zsun.
description: ApJ accepted, simulations of MW-like halos added, conclusions unchanged
title: The Effects of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone and Milk Production on Pregnancy Rates in Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows
Creators: name: Mitchell, Laura Maureen
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1988

description: One hundred sixteen third- and fourth-service lactating dairy cows from five cooperating herds were used to compare the pregnancy rate of cows given Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone five minutes following insemination with pregnancy rate of control cows. In addition, milk production level, age at service and days in milk at time of service were used to compare pregnancy rates. Milk production level was expressed as relative value (percent of herd mature equivalent production). There were no differences between treated and untreated control cows in pregnancy rate. In addition, there were no differences between service number (3 or 4), relative value group, age at service, days in milk at time of service, treatment by service, treatment by relative value, service by relative value, age squared and days in milk squared in pregnancy rate.
title: Effect of Feeding a Viable Yeast Culture on Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics, Milk Production Response and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility in Holstein Cattle
Creators: name: Shokair, Mohamed H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1988

description: Four barren Holstein cows fitted with ruminal fistulas were assigned to each of two dietary treatments in a replicated 2 x 2 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of a basal ration and a basal ration plus lOg/d of a viable yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Cows were fed treatments for a 21-day adaptation followed by a 7-day collection period. Total ruminal bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria and protozoa were unaffected by treatment.
Feeding the viable yeast culture significantly increased ruminal acetic acid and acetic/propionic ratio. Molar percentage of propionic, isobutyric, isovaleric and valerie acids and rumen ammonia-N levels were significantly reduced in cattle fed added yeast culture. Liquid dilution and particulate rate of passage and total tract apparent nutrient digestibility were unaffected by treatment. Eighteen Holstein cows in mid-lactation were allocated equally to one of two treatments based on stage of lactation and previous mean daily 2-week milk yield. Therefore, nine cows were allocated to each treatment. Treatments consisted of a basal ration and a basal ration plus 10g/d of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Cows were fed total mixed rations for a 10-week period. In week 8, feed and fecal samples were collected twice daily for 3 days. Acid detergent fiber insoluble ash was used to determine total tract apparent nutrient digestibility.
Feeding mid-lactation dairy cows the viable yeast culture had no effect on mean daily dry matter intake . However, it tended to improve mean daily 3.5% FCM. Milk production efficiency was higher in lactating dairy cows supplemented with the viable yeast culture when compared to the nonsupplemented cows. Milk composition and overall mean body weights were unaffected by treatment. Total tract apparent nutrient digestibilities also were unaffected by treatment.
An Analytic Result for the Two-Loop Hexagon Wilson Loop in N = 4 SYM
Creators: name: Del Duca, Vittorio
name: Duhr, Claude
name: Smirnov, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the planar N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, the conformal symmetry constrains multi-loop n-edged Wilson loops to be basically given in terms of the one-loop n-edged Wilson loop, augmented, for n greater than 6, by a function of conformally invariant cross ratios. We identify a class of kinematics for which the Wilson loop exhibits exact Regge factorisation and which leave invariant the analytic form of the multi-loop n-edged Wilson loop. In those kinematics, the analytic result for the Wilson loop is the same as in general kinematics, although the computation is remarkably simplified with respect to general kinematics. Using the simplest of those kinematics, we have performed the first analytic computation of the two-loop six-edged Wilson loop in general kinematics.
description: 17 pages. Extended discussion on how the QMRK limit is taken. Version accepted by JHEP. A text file containing the Mathematica code with the analytic expression for the 6-point remainder function is included
Analysis of Enhanced Two-Photon Absorption in Tapered Optical Fibers
Creators: name: You, Hao
name: Hendrickson, S. M.
name: Franson, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the rate of two-photon absorption in tapered optical fibers with diameters less than the wavelength of the incident light. The rate of two-photon absorption is shown to be enhanced due to the small mode volume of the tapered fiber and the relatively large overlap of the evanescent field with an atomic vapor that surrounds the tapered region. The two-photon absorption rate is optimized as a function of the diameter of the tapered region.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
The targum (1969:May 1 - 1969: May 21)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1969

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.