cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Hubble Wide Field Camera 3 Test of Surfaces in the Outer Solar System: Spectral Variation on Kuiper Belt Objects
Creators: name: Fraser, Wesley C.
name: Brown, Michael E.
name: Glass, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present additional photometry of targets observed as part of the Hubble Wide Field Camera 3 Test of Surfaces in the Outer Solar System. 12 targets were re-observed with the Wide Field Camera 3 in optical and NIR wavebands designed to compliment those used during the first visit. Additionally, all observations originally presented by Fraser and Brown (2012) were reanalyzed through the same updated photometry pipeline. A reanalysis of the optical and NIR colour distribution reveals a bifurcated optical colour distribution and only two identifiable spectral classes, each of which occupies a broad range of colours and have correlated optical and NIR colours, in agreement with our previous findings. We report the detection of significant spectral variations on 5 targets which cannot be attributed to photometry errors, cosmic rays, point spread function or sensitivity variations, or other image artifacts capable of explaining the magnitude of the variation. The spectrally variable objects are found to have a broad range of dynamical classes, absolute magnitudes, exhibit a broad range of apparent magnitude variations, and are found in both compositional classes. The spectrally variable objects with sufficiently accurate colours for spectral classification maintain their membership, belonging to the same class at both epochs. 2005 TV189 exhibits a sufficiently broad difference in colour at the two epochs that span the full range of colours of the neutral class. This strongly argues that the neutral class is one single class with a broad range of colours, rather than the combination of multiple overlapping classes.
description: 2 tables, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Addressing the Maintenance Backlog on Federal Public Lands
Creators: name: Jenkins, Megan E.
name: Dougher, Colten
name: Garlick, Chet
name: Jenkins, Megan E.
name: Dougher, Colten
name: Garlick, Chet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Federal Land
subject: Maintenance Backlog
subject: Public Land

description: The federal government owns nearly 30 percent of all lands in the United States, and those lands generally are managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the Forest Service (FS), and the National Park Service (NPS). Each of the agencies responsible for managing federal land has a significant backlog of overdue maintenance projects. These maintenance needs are known as deferred maintenance, and together they form the maintenance backlog. The total maintenance backlog in 2019 was over $19 billion, with the largest share ($12 billion) held by the National Park Service (NPS). The deferred maintenance backlog has become a more pressing issue as use of America’s federal lands continues to increase. In 2018, national parks received more than 300 million visitors, which is roughly 33 million more than in 2009. Unless effective policy solutions are implemented, deferred maintenance costs likely will continue to grow as more visitors create more wear-and-tear on roads, trails, and other resources in the parks. Effectively addressing the maintenance backlog could enhance the visitor experience by improving infrastructure, such as roads and bathrooms, that have fallen into disrepair. It also would help ensure that federal lands are being conserved properly. In this policy paper the authors begin by examining how the maintenance backlog was created and why it has persisted over time. They then outline several solutions that potentially could be adopted to address the maintenance backlog. These solutions include giving park managers more control over entry fees, amending land acquisition policy to set aside money each year to be spent on deferred maintenance, and making use of concessionaire agreements to allow private companies to manage federal lands more effectively
Leapfrogging Smart Meters: Permissionless Innovation, Electricity, and Consumers
Creators: name: Myers, Todd
name: Myers, Todd
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Leapfrogging Smart Meters
subject: Smart Meters
subject: Electricity

description: In 2009, Congress introduced the Smart Grid Investment Grant (SGIG) as part of the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act, a stimulus package intended to help revert the effects of the recession. The SGIG was the largest program in the stimulus package, providing $3.4 billion of federal funding for building out a smart grid. Most of the projects that received funding through that grant program were centered around expanding the use of smart meters — a new electricity meter technology that reads energy use and relays that data back to the electricity provider. Smart meters were promised as a means of reducing electricity costs, improving user knowledge about their electricity use, and contributing to better environmental outcomes through lower electricity use at peak production hours. However, recent innovations in smart thermostat technology are proving to be much more effective at achieving those results without the implementation of a substantial federal program. Utilities such as Portland General Electric and Southern California Edison have reported that smart thermostats have proven to be more effective at reducing energy use than smart meters, in some instances reducing peak demand by 40 – 50 percent. In this policy paper author Todd Myers examines why smart thermostats have been more effective at reducing energy use than smart meters rolled out under SGIG. He concludes that rather than forcing specific technologies on consumers, policymakers should opt for approaches that engage consumer preferences and embrace innovative solutions.
Code dependencies of pre-supernova evolution and nucleosynthesis in massive stars: Evolution to the end of core helium burning
Creators: name: Jones, Samuel
name: Hirschi, Raphael
name: Pignatari, Marco
name: Heger, Alexander
name: Georgy, Cyril
name: Nishimura, Nobuya
name: Fryer, Chris
name: Herwig, Falk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive stars are key sources of radiative, kinetic, and chemical feedback in the universe. Grids of massive star models computed by different groups each using their own codes, input physics choices and numerical approximations, however, lead to inconsistent results for the same stars. We use three of these 1D codes---GENEC, KEPLER and MESA---to compute non-rotating stellar models of $15~\mathrm{M}_\odot$, $20~\mathrm{M}_\odot$, and $25~\mathrm{M}_\odot$ and compare their nucleosynthesis. We follow the evolution from the main sequence until the end of core helium burning. The GENEC and KEPLER models hold physics assumptions used in large grids of published models. The MESA code was set up to use convective core overshooting such that the CO core masses are consistent with those obtained by GENEC. For all models, full nucleosynthesis is computed using the NuGrid post-processing tool MPPNP. We find that the surface abundances predicted by the models are in reasonable agreement. In the helium core, the standard deviation of the elemental overproduction factors for Fe to Mo is less than $30\,\%$---smaller than the impact of the present nuclear physics uncertainties. For our three initial masses, the three stellar evolution codes yield consistent results. Differences in key properties of the models, e.g., helium and CO core masses and the time spent as a red supergiant, are traced back to the treatment of convection and, to a lesser extent, mass loss. The mixing processes in stars remain the key uncertainty in stellar modelling. Better constrained prescriptions are thus necessary to improve the predictive power of stellar evolution models.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables; accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
A Kubernetes-Based Edge Architecture for Controlling the Trajectory of a Resource-Constrained Aerial Robot by Enabling Model Predictive Control
Creators: name: Seisa, Achilleas Santi
name: Satpute, Sumeet Gajanan
name: Nikolakopoulos, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, cloud and edge architectures have gained tremendous focus for offloading computationally heavy applications. From machine learning and Internet of Thing (IOT) to industrial procedures and robotics, cloud computing have been used extensively for data processing and storage purposes, thanks to its "infinite" resources. On the other hand, cloud computing is characterized by long time delays due to the long distance between the cloud servers and the machine requesting the resources. In contrast, edge computing provides almost real-time services since edge servers are located significantly closer to the source of data. This capability sets edge computing as an ideal option for real-time applications, like high level control, for resource-constrained platforms. In order to utilize the edge resources, several technologies, with basic ones as containers and orchestrators like Kubernetes, have been developed to provide an environment with many features, based on each application's requirements. In this context, this works presents the implementation and evaluation of a novel edge architecture based on Kubernetes orchestration for controlling the trajectory of a resource-constrained Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) by enabling Model Predictive Control (MPC).
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, conference article, CSCC 2022
Cooperative Conservation: Determinants of Landowner Engagement in Saving Endangered Species
Creators: name: Jenkins, Megan E.
name: Yeagley, Rebekah
name: Bennett, Sarah
name: Morales, Jennifer
name: Jenkins, Megan E.
name: Yeagley, Rebekah
name: Bennett, Sarah
name: Morales, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Endangered Species Act
subject: Landowners
subject: Endangered Species

description: This paper analyzes surveys of private landowners to identify factors that determine landowner engagement in the conservation of endangered species. The Endangered Species Act’s approach to engaging landowners is generally punitive and restricts action on private land that endangered species inhabit. Existing research suggests that the Endangered Species Act’s punitive approach creates perverse incentives that result in poor conservation outcomes. Because engaging private landowners is crucial to the success of preserving species, this research seeks to identify better approaches to encourage private landowners to conserve endangered species. The authors conduct comparative analysis of relevant papers that examine private landowners’ attitudes toward conservation. Their analysis suggests that landowners are more willing to engage in conservation of endangered species when the approach is less punitive and more cooperative and when the effort comes from more local levels.
A Review of the Environmental Effects of the Renewable Fuel Standard’s Corn Ethanol Mandate
Creators: name: Wardle, Arthur R.
name: Wardle, Arthur R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Corn
subject: Ethanol Production
subject: RFS Mandate

description: When the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) began mandating the use of corn ethanol in US fuels in 2006, many of its chief justifications were environmental. Commentators and policymakers assumed that some use of plant-based fuels would be less environmentally damaging than exclusive reliance on fossil fuels. Contrary to the optimism of early biofuel advocates, this paper documents a number of harmful environmental consequences of the Renewable Fuel Standard. The author finds that the Renewable Fuel Standard leads farmers to convert vast tracts of land, including previously unfarmed land, to corn farming and to unsustainably intensify production on existing farms. The author also finds that thecorn needed to fulfill the ethanol mandate demands heavy fertilization and irrigation in areas prone to fertilizer-linked water quality issues and drought, but fails to produce much net energy. Finally, the research concludes that ethanol is not meaningfully superior to gasoline in terms of carbon dioxide emissions and is worse for other pollutants. This report illuminates these and other problems with the widespread use of corn ethanol prompted by the Renewable Fuel Standard and makes recommendations for how to mitigate these impacts.
Net Metering in the States A primer on reforms to avoid regressive effects and encourage competition
Creators: name: Smith, Josh T.
name: Patty, Grant
name: Colton, Katie
name: Smith, Josh T.
name: Patty, Grant
name: Colton, Katie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Electricity Markets
subject: Net Metering
subject: Homeowners

description: Policymakers enact net metering policies to encourage consumers to install rooftop solar by increasing the return on investment from solar panels. The justification for this is based on the potential benefits of having solar power as part of the grid. This research reviews the academic research on net metering and finds that net metering is ineffective as an environmental policy and also creates serious regressive effects. The authors conclude that compared to utility scale solar, distributed solar is an expensive means of lowering carbon emissions and can discourage other environmentally conscious choices. Net metering also imposes a regressive cost-shift from solar adopters onto non-solar adopters. Although part of net metering’s appeal is its simplicity, when rooftop solar owners net to zero, that is, when they do not pay a bill because their production equals their consumption, they do not cover the costs of maintaining the wires and transmission lines. This cost-shift is estimated to be between $45 and $70 per month per rooftop solar owner that nets to zero. Wealthy households therefore benefit disproportionately from this hidden subsidy because they tend to be the ones who are able to pay the high upfront cost of installing solar panels. The authors suggest several potential reforms that would reduce or eliminate the cost-shift without restricting an interested individual from installing solar panels.
Turbulent spectra of the brightest gamma-ray flares of blazars
Creators: name: Kohler, Susanna
name: Nalewajko, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spectral properties of the brightest gamma-ray flares of blazars detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We search for the presence of spectral breaks and measure the spectral curvature on typical time scales of a few days. We identify significant spectral breaks in fewer than half of the analyzed flares, but their parameters do not show any discernible regularities, and in particular there is no indication for gamma-ray absorption at any fixed source-frame photon energy. More interestingly, we find that the studied blazars are characterized by significant spectral variability. Gamma-ray flares of short duration are often characterized by strong spectral curvature, with the spectral peak located above 100 MeV. Since these spectral variations are observed despite excellent photon statistics, they must reflect temporal fluctuations in the energy distributions of the emitting particles. We suggest that highly regular gamma-ray spectra of blazars integrated over long time scales emerge from a superposition of many short-lived irregular components with relatively narrow spectra. This would imply that the emitting particles are accelerated in strongly turbulent environments.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, submitted to MNRAS
Strategic Reporting and the Effects of Water Use in Hydraulic Fracturing on Local Groundwater Levels in Texas
Creators: name: Backstrom, Jesse
name: Backstrom, Jesse
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Hydraulic fracturing
subject: Groundwater
subject: Water Management

description: Hydraulic fracturing activity has increased rapidly in the U.S. over the last decade and a half. During this time, operators have learned to complete wells that are more productive by increasing the amount of water, among other inputs, used in well stimulations. Since many unconventional oil and gas plays are located in relatively arid regions, the industry’s increasing water use has created concerns over its impacts on local availability. However, management of water resources in these areas is complicated, partly due to state laws that largely allow unrestricted groundwater pumping by landowners, but also because the industry’s reporting of water use is not particularly transparent. In this paper, I study two interrelated issues on water use in hydraulic fracturing. First, using a proprietary dataset of well-level completion reports in Texas, the author shows how operators’ propensity to report detailed information on water use varies depending on whether the well is located within a groundwater conservation district. Second, the author shows a causal link between water use in hydraulic fracturing and declining local groundwater levels. The findings are helpful to inform discussions about the management of groundwater resources by shedding light on the importance of precise data on both the industry’s use and on water availability. Potential policy considerations include expanding reporting requirements to include total water use per well by both source and type, and incentivizing operators to use online water sourcing methods that would enable formal accounting for water transactions.
The distribution of dark and luminous matter inferred from extended rotation curves
Creators: name: Bottema, Roelof
name: Pestana, Jose Luis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A better understanding of the formation of mass structures in the universe can be obtained by determining the amount and distribution of dark and luminous matter in spiral galaxies. To investigate such matters a sample of 12 galaxies, most with accurate distances, has been composed of which the luminosities are distributed regularly over a range spanning 2.5 orders of magnitude. Of the observed high quality and extended rotation curves of these galaxies decompositions have been made, for four different schemes, each with two free parameters. For a "maximum disc fit" the rotation curves can be well matched, yet a large range of mass-to-light ratios for the individual galaxies is required. For the alternative gravitational theory of MOND the rotation curves can be explained if the fundamental parameter associated with MOND is allowed as a free parameter. Fixing that parameter leads to a disagreement between the predicted and observed rotation curves for a few galaxies. When cosmologically motivated NFW dark matter halos are assumed, the rotation curves for the least massive galaxies can, by no means, be reproduced; cores are definitively preferred over cusps. Finally, decompositions have been made for a pseudo isothermal halo combined with a universal M/L ratio. For the latter, the light of each galactic disc and bulge has been corrected for extinction and has been scaled by the effect of stellar population. This scheme can successfully explain the observed rotations and leads to sub maximum disc mass contributions. Properties of the resulting dark matter halos are described and a ratio between dark and baryonic mass of approximately 9 for the least, and of approximately 5, for the most luminous galaxies has been determined, at the outermost measured rotation.
description: Accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the RAS, 31 pages, 14 figures, 8 tables
Estimating a Common Period for a Set of Irregularly Sampled Functions with Applications to Periodic Variable Star Data
Creators: name: Long, James P.
name: Chi, Eric C.
name: Baraniuk, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the estimation of a common period for a set of functions sampled at irregular intervals. The problem arises in astronomy, where the functions represent a star's brightness observed over time through different photometric filters. While current methods can estimate periods accurately provided that the brightness is well--sampled in at least one filter, there are no existing methods that can provide accurate estimates when no brightness function is well--sampled. In this paper we introduce two new methods for period estimation when brightnesses are poorly--sampled in all filters. The first, multiband generalized Lomb-Scargle (MGLS), extends the frequently used Lomb-Scargle method in a way that naïvely combines information across filters. The second, penalized generalized Lomb-Scargle (PGLS), builds on the first by more intelligently borrowing strength across filters. Specifically, we incorporate constraints on the phases and amplitudes across the different functions using a non--convex penalized likelihood function. We develop a fast algorithm to optimize the penalized likelihood by combining block coordinate descent with the majorization-minimization (MM) principle. We illustrate our methods on synthetic and real astronomy data. Both advance the state-of-the-art in period estimation; however, PGLS significantly outperforms MGLS when all functions are extremely poorly--sampled.
description: 25 pages
Carbon Pricing in the Private Sector
Creators: name: Fawson, Chris
name: Cottle, Christopher
name: Hubbard, Hayden
name: Marshall, McKlayne
name: Fawson, Chris
name: Cottle, Christopher
name: Hubbard, Hayden
name: Marshall, McKlayne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Carbon Pricing
subject: Private Sector
subject: Regulatory Risk

description: A rapidly increasing number of large U.S. companies are reporting use of an internal carbon price, in spite of the struggle to enact environmental regulation or reduction standards on carbon emissions in the United States. Such trends have created a growing interest in both how and why the private sector is using internal carbon pricing and what the implications of these developments will be. This paper examines the precise motives, methods and prices used by the U.S. private sector for incorporating an internal cost of carbon into their organizational strategies for the purpose of reducing carbon emissions. Careful analysis of reports from the CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project) suggests that the primary motives driving internal carbon pricing initiatives in the United States are investor relations, cost savings opportunities provided by reducing emissions, perceived physical risks associated with climate change (e.g., as severe weather or supply chain interference), and regulatory risk. Furthermore, shadow pricing and carbon offsetting are the most common methods of private-sector carbon pricing, and the average internal carbon price in the private sector is $40.09 per ton as of 2017. These trends are evaluated in the broader context of U.S. political developments, economic policies, and mechanisms for pricing carbon. This research should be particularly pertinent to private-sector shareholders and stakeholders, business owners, and executives—in addition to policy makers—as it provides unique insights into how private initiatives are advancing a commitment to CO2-induced climate change mitigation in the face of an increasingly uncertain public policy landscape.
The Environmental Optimism of Elinor Ostrom
Creators: name: Jenkins, Megan E.
name: Simmons, Randy
name: Wardle, Camille
name: Jenkins, Megan E.
name: Simmons, Randy
name: Wardle, Camille
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Political Economy
subject: Environmental Optimism
subject: resource governance
subject: American West

description: Elinor Ostrom was the first woman awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Ostrom studied the management of shared environmental resources. Her work focused on how human beings come together to solve social dilemmas such as how a resource held in common should be managed. This edited volume builds on Ostrom’s research with six chapters by renowned environmental scholars. Each chapter explores a particular issue in environmental policy by carefully analyzing how institutions impact environmental outcomes and considering what might be done to improve those outcomes. The volume begins with an examination of resource governance in the American West and how institutions developed to govern a complex and demanding landscape. It then explores the largely successful multi-stakeholder approach to the management of the greater sage grouse in the western U.S. The third chapter explores the role of American and Canadian indigenous groups in governing Pacific salmon fisheries. Chapter four examines Ostrom’s response to Garrett Hardin’s classic “Tragedy of the Commons,” which claims that unchecked human population growth is destined for tragedy. The fifth chapter bridges the work of Gary Libecap on property rights with Ostrom’s work on polycentric governance. And the sixth and final chapter explores how the development of markets for industrial byproducts helped clean up the commons. As Ostrom noted in her Nobel Lecture, “We need to ask how diverse polycentric institutions help or hinder … the achievement of more effective, equitable, and sustainable outcomes at multiple scales.” This edited volume sheds light on how allowing people to experiment with different institutional approaches results in innovative solutions to today’s most pressing environmental problems.
Islamophobia for Women? An Exclusionary National Identity in Western Europe
Creators: name: Brady, Mercer
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: How do TAN parties relate in their conception of women’s rights, and how does this shape their national identities regarding immigration policy? This thesis is an exploration of the variation between the anti-immigration politics of three Western European TAN parties which represent three types of immigrant societies. The Sweden Democrat (SD), Dutch Party for Freedom (PVV), and the French National Rally (RN) all exist within Western European countries with high standards of living and liberal democracy. This thesis's focus is on how these parties relate to each other and differ in their usage of women's rights to promote anti-immigrant, particularly anti-Muslim immigrant, policy and exclusionary concepts of national identity.
Tunneling and thermodynamics evolution of the magnetized Ernst-like black hole
Creators: name: Ali, Riasat
name: Akhtar, Zunaira
name: Bamba, Kazuharu
name: Khan, M. Umar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the tunneling phenomenon of particles through the horizon of a magnetized Ernst-like black hole. We employ the modified Lagrangian equation with the extended uncertainty principle for this black hole. We determine a tunneling rate and the related Hawking temperature for this black hole by using the WKB approach in the field equation. In addition, we examine the graph behavior of the Hawking temperature in relation to the black hole event horizon. We explore the stability analysis of this black hole by taking into account the impact of quantum gravity on Hawking temperatures. The temperature for a magnetized Ernst-like black hole rises as the correction parameter is decreased. Moreover, we analyze the thermodynamics quantities such as Hawking temperature, heat capacity and Bekenstein entropy by using the different approach. We obtain the corrected entropy to study the impact of logarithmic corrections on the different thermodynamic quantities. It is shown that these correction terms makes the system stable under thermal fluctuations.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, version accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitation. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2301.02216
Measurement of heavy-flavour production as a function of multiplicity in pp and p-Pb collisions with ALICE
Creators: name: Russo, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In these proceedings results are presented from the measurement of open heavy-flavour production as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions at $\sqrt {s}$ = 7 TeV and p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt {s_{\rm NN}}$=5.02 TeV recorded with the ALICE detector in 2010 and 2013, respectively. $\rm D^{0}$, $\rm D^{+}$ and $\rm D^{*+}$ mesons are reconstructed from their hadronic decay channels in the central rapidity region, and their production yields are measured in various multiplicity and $p_{\rm T}$ intervals. The per-event yields of $\rm D$ mesons in the various multiplicity intervals, normalized to their multiplicity-integrated value, and their evolution with $p_{\rm T}$ are measured for pp and p-Pb collisions to study the contribution of Multi-Parton Interactions (MPIs) to open charm production in the two systems. The nuclear modification factor of $\rm D$ mesons in p-Pb collisions, defined as the ratio of the $\rm D$-meson yields in p-Pb and pp collisions scaled by the average number of binary collisions $< N_{\rm coll}>$, is discussed in terms of its dependence on the event activity. Several experimental estimators of the event activity are used in order to assess the role of kinematic biases.
SatTerm experience: vocabulary control and facet analysis help improve the software requirement solicitation process
Creators: name: Eito-Brun, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Software development
subject: SatTerm
subject: Facet analysis
subject: Vocabulary control
subject: https://iskouk.org/subjects/4OX6PDD7
subject: https://iskouk.org/subjects/5Z1NUJ8G
subject: https://iskouk.org/subjects/3LYHQWO2

description: One of the most difficult steps in the software development process is moving from requirements written in natural, uncontrolled language, to the formalisms required by the design modelling languages. To solve this issue, practitioners should pay attention to the possibility of applying vocabulary control and knowledge representation techniques to produce better specifications. The use of controlled vocabularies and the modelling of the conceptual relationships between concepts in a specific domain are expected to improve the quality of the specifications. Vocabulary control and semantic modelling are promising tools to avoid the most frequent problems in the requirements specification process: lack of consistency and ambiguity. This paper provides a detailed description of the development process of an ontology used for requirements modelling in the area of satellite control systems. The process applied is based on well-established practices and guidelines applied for the construction of controlled vocabularies and
 faceted classifications schemas. Engineers can use the ontology when writing system specifications using predefined templates. The use of this ontology ensures the consistency of the specifications written by different engineers improves the communication with other parties involved in the system construction activities and sets the foundations for a semi-automated generation of models for
 subsequent design activities.
The economic geography of beer regulations
Creators: name: Staples, Malone
name: Chambers, Dustin
name: Malone, Trey
name: Staples, Malone
name: Chambers, Dustin
name: Malone, Trey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Craft Beer
subject: Regulations
subject: Formal Institutions

description: While the influence of regulations on economic outcomes has been well-documented, fewer studies have focused on the economic geography of regulatory burdens. The regulations confronting any supply chain can vary dramatically across legislative jurisdictions, as U.S. policy is enforced by overlapping federal, state, and local governments. In this paper the authors use a unique dataset to explore state-by-state regulatory variation in U.S. beer supply chains in 2020. They find that the state-level laws targeted at the beer supply chain vary between 1,177 and 25,399, with the average state implementing 10,212 formal regulatory restrictions.
Enhancing NOMA Networks via Reconfigurable Multi-Functional Surface
Creators: name: Zheng, Ailing
name: Ni, Wanli
name: Wang, Wen
name: Tian, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: By flexibly manipulating the radio propagation environment, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a promising technique for future wireless communications. However, the single-side coverage and double-fading attenuation faced by conventional RISs largely restrict their applications. To address this issue, we propose a novel concept of multi-functional RIS (MF-RIS), which provides reflection, transmission, and amplification simultaneously for the incident signal. With the aim of enhancing the performance of a non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) downlink multiuser network, we deploy an MF-RIS to maximize the sum rate by jointly optimizing the active beamforming and MF-RIS coefficients. Then, an alternating optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the formulated non-convex problem by exploiting successive convex approximation and penalty-based method. Numerical results show that the proposed MF-RIS outperforms conventional RISs under different settings.
description: This paper has been accepted by IEEE Communications Letters
Crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid)/titanium dioxide nanocomposites
Creators: name: Nomai, Jiraporn
name: Suksut, Buncha
name: Schlarb, Alois K
Publisher: name: Bangkok : King Mongkut’s University of Technology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: poly(lactic acid)
subject: titanium dioxide
subject: nanocomposites
subject: crystallization
subject: 540

description: In this study, a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with various titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles loading were prepared by a manual laboratory mixing method. The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the non-isothermal and the isothermal crystallization behavior of PLA was investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The presence of TiO2 nanoparticles decreased the spherulite growth rate of PLA, whereas it initiated faster crystallization through the heterogeneous nucleation process as observed by optical microscopy. The results of DSC analyzes confirmed that the TiO2 nanoparticles act as an efficient nucleating agent for PLA crystallization. The cold crystallization temperature and crystallization half-time of PLA decreased, while the degree of crystallinity of PLA increased in relation to increases of TiO2 nanoparticles.
Dark Matter Particles in the Galactic Halo
Creators: name: Bernabei, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The DAMA/LIBRA-phase1 and the former DAMA/NaI data (cumulative exposure 1.33 ton $\times$ yr, corresponding to 14 annual cycles) give evidence at 9.3 $σ$ C.L. for the presence of Dark Matter (DM) particles in the galactic halo, on the basis of the exploited model independent DM annual modulation signature by using highly radio-pure NaI(Tl) target. Results and comparisons will be shortly addressed as well as perspectives of the presently running DAMA/LIBRA-phase2. Finally, some arguments arisen in the discussion section of this workshop are mentioned in the Appendix.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of the 17th Bled workshop "What comes beyond the standard models"
Additional file 1 of Structural and social changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on engagement in substance use disorder treatment services: a qualitative study among people with a recent history of injection drug use in Baltimore, Maryland
Creators: name: Patel, Eshan U.
name: Grieb, Suzanne M.
name: Winiker, Abigail K.
name: Ching, Jennifer
name: Schluth, Catherine G.
name: Mehta, Shruti H.
name: Kirk, Gregory D.
name: Genberg, Becky L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. CHANGES interview guide.
Immigrant Communities and Knowledge Spillovers: Danish-Americans and the Development of the Dairy Industry in the United States
Creators: name: Boberg-Fazlić, Nina
name: Sharp, Paul
name: Boberg-Fazlić, Nina
name: Sharp, Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Dairying
subject: immigration
subject: Knowledge Spillovers

description: Despite the growing literature on the impact of immigration, little is known about the role existing migrant settlements can play for knowledge transmission. We present a case which can illustrate this important mechanism and hypothesize that nineteenth century Danish-American communities helped spread knowledge on modern dairying to rural America. From around 1880, Denmark developed rapidly and by 1890 it was a world-leading dairy producer. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, and data taken from the US census and Danish emigration archives, we find that counties with more Danes in 1880 subsequently both specialized in dairying and used more modern practices.
Modelling Mediterranean agro-ecosystems by including agricultural trees in the LPJmL model
Creators: name: Fader, M.
name: Von Bloh, W.
name: Shi, S.
name: Bondeau, A.
name: Cramer, W.
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural ecosystem
subject: agricultural modeling
subject: agroforestry
subject: agrometeorology
subject: crop yield
subject: ecophysiology
subject: fodder
subject: hydrological modeling
subject: irrigation system
subject: land use change
subject: Mediterranean environment
subject: orchard
subject: vegetable
subject: 550

description: In the Mediterranean region, climate and land use change are expected to impact on natural and agricultural ecosystems by warming, reduced rainfall, direct degradation of ecosystems and biodiversity loss. Human population growth and socioeconomic changes, notably on the eastern and southern shores, will require increases in food production and put additional pressure on agro-ecosystems and water resources. Coping with these challenges requires informed decisions that, in turn, require assessments by means of a comprehensive agro-ecosystem and hydrological model. This study presents the inclusion of 10 Mediterranean agricultural plants, mainly perennial crops, in an agro-ecosystem model (Lund-Potsdam-Jena managed Land – LPJmL): nut trees, date palms, citrus trees, orchards, olive trees, grapes, cotton, potatoes, vegetables and fodder grasses. The model was successfully tested in three model outputs: agricultural yields, irrigation requirements and soil carbon density. With the development presented in this study, LPJmL is now able to simulate in good detail and mechanistically the functioning of Mediterranean agriculture with a comprehensive representation of ecophysiological processes for all vegetation types (natural and agricultural) and in a consistent framework that produces estimates of carbon, agricultural and hydrological variables for the entire Mediterranean basin. This development paves the way for further model extensions aiming at the representation of alternative agro-ecosystems (e.g. agroforestry), and opens the door for a large number of applications in the Mediterranean region, for example assessments of the consequences of land use transitions, the influence of management practices and climate change impacts.
Molecular lanthanide fluorides
Creators: name: Romanelli, Michael Dennis
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2010

description: Novel molecular lanthanide (Ln) species have been prepared that showcase not only their exceptional optical properties but also deviations from the "typical" reaction/product schemes realized over the past few decades. Ln chalcogenolates [(L)xLn(SC6F5)3 and (L)xLn(SeC6F5)3; (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Er, or Yb; L = pyr, DME, or THF); x = 3 or 4] have been prepared and their optical and structural properties are discussed. The photoluminescence quantum efficiency (QE), radiative decay, and effective bandwidth for the 4F11/2 --> 4I9/2 transition of Nd(SC6F5)3(DME)3 were found to be 9%, 1.39ms, and 59nm, respectively. At the time, this was one of the highest reported quantum efficiencies for a molecular Nd species.Ligand, metal radii, and neutral donor molecule have been found to influence the physical and optical properties of these species. By changing any one of these variables, vastly different products can arise; for example, 7-coordinate [Nd(SC6F5)3(THF)3]2 with bridging thiolates , 7-coordinate Nd(SeC6F5)3(THF)3 , and 8-coordinate Nd(SC6F5)3(DME)2, have all been successfully isolated. Using the same ligand and neutral donor with Er gives 6-coordinate Er(SeC6F5)3(THF)3, a near perfect octahedral geometry with a significant structural trans influence. DFT calculations indicate that the trans influence in these bond lengths result from covalent Ln-E interactions. Cluster compounds DME3Yb4F2O(OCH2CH2OCH3)2(SeSe)(SC6F5)4•DME and(pyr)24Ln28F68(SePh)16 (Ln = Ce, Nd, Pr) have been prepared by C-F bond activation and direct fluoride source (NH4F), respectively. At 41%, the 4F11/2 --> 4I9/2 transition of (pyr)24Nd28F68(SePh)16 has the highest QE to date for any molecular Nd species. (pyr)xM(SeC6F5)2 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg and x = 0 or 2) were synthesized by reductive cleavage of F5C6SeSeC6F5 by the respective metals. Both the Zn and Cd species have tetrahedral coordination environments. The Hg analog has a near linear, modulated structure, with no coordinated pyridine ligands. These molecular II-VI semiconductor precursors melt between 115 and 175°C and when heated to 650°C under reduced pressures, give crystalline MSe (M = Zn, Cd, Hg) products.
Contraceptive Care for Texas Teens: Access, Advocacy, and Adjudication
Creators: name: Gessner, McKenna
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Plan II Honors Thesis
Contraception
adolescent
Texas
health policy
sexual health
reproductive health

description: My thesis examines the landscape of contraceptive care for adolescents in Texas. While barriers to receiving sexual and reproductive health services have been identified, there is limited research focused on how these barriers manifest at the state level. In my work, I pay special attention to Texas, a state where policies restrict the level of confidentiality guaranteed to minors. This mixed methods project has three distinct elements. The first part of my thesis assesses existing literature on adolescent access barriers to contraceptive services in the United States from the last decade. I synthesize these findings in a systematic review which examines the experiences of both adolescents seeking these services and healthcare providers delivering these services. In this review, I discuss four major types of barriers to obtaining contraception that adolescents must navigate: finances, family, providers, and health systems. The second portion of my thesis involves qualitative data analysis from interviews with key informants in the Austin and Houston areas. These interviews feature the perspectives of those working within the arena of adolescent contraceptive service delivery in Texas. This dataset highlights recent changes in the Texas healthcare system and points to specific state-level challenges that impact the provision of contraception to minors. In the third and final part, the project culminates in an analysis of state policy, with recommendations for how health services might be improved for adolescents in Texas.
Critical impacts of global warming on land ecosystems
Creators: name: Ostberg, S.
name: Lucht, W.
name: Schaphoff, S.
name: Gerten, D.
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biogeochemical modeling
subject: Climate change impact
subject: Climate mitigations
subject: Global-mean temperature
subject: Increasing temperatures
subject: Land surface properties
subject: Pre-industrial levels
subject: Terrestrial ecosystems
subject: 500

description: Globally increasing temperatures are likely to have impacts on terrestrial, aquatic and marine ecosystems that are difficult to manage. Quantifying impacts worldwide and systematically as a function of global warming is fundamental to substantiating the discussion on climate mitigation targets and adaptation planning. Here we present a macro-scale analysis of climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems based on newly developed sets of climate scenarios featuring a step-wise sampling of global mean temperature increase between 1.5 and 5 K by 2100. These are processed by a biogeochemical model (LPJmL) to derive an aggregated metric of simultaneous biogeochemical and structural shifts in land surface properties which we interpret as a proxy for the risk of shifts and possibly disruptions in ecosystems. Our results show a substantial risk of climate change to transform terrestrial ecosystems profoundly. Nearly no area of the world is free from such risk, unless strong mitigation limits global warming to around 2 degrees above preindustrial level. Even then, our simulations for most climate models agree that up to one-fifth of the land surface may experience at least moderate ecosystem change, primarily at high latitudes and high altitudes. If countries fulfil their current emissions reduction pledges, resulting in roughly 3.5 K of warming, this area expands to cover half the land surface, including the majority of tropical forests and savannas and the boreal zone. Due to differences in regional patterns of climate change, the area potentially at risk of major ecosystem change considering all climate models is up to 2.5 times as large as for a single model.