cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Photon Emission in Cavities
Creators: name: Alber, Gernot
name: Trautmann, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate spontaneous photon emission processes of two-level atoms in parabolic and ellipsoidal cavities thereby taking into account the full multimode scenario. In particular, we calculate the excitation probabilities of the atoms and the energy density of the resulting few-photon electromagnetic radiation field by using semiclassical methods for the description of the multimode scenario. Based on this approach photon path representations are developed for relevant transition probability amplitudes which are valid in the optical frequency regime where the dipole and the rotating-wave approximations apply. Comparisons with numerical results demonstrate the quality of these semiclassical results even in cases in which the wave length of a spontaneously emitted photon becomes comparable or even larger than characteristic length scales of the cavity. This is the dynamical regime in which diffraction effects become important so that geometric optical considerations are typically not applicable.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Wigner 111 Colourful and Deep Scientific Symposium
Impact of density-dependent migration flows on epidemic outbreaks in heterogeneous metapopulations
Creators: name: Ripoll, Jordi
name: Avinyó, Albert
name: Pellicer, Marta
name: Saldaña, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We investigate the role of migration patterns on the spread of epidemics in complex networks. We enhance the SIS-diffusion model on metapopulations to a nonlinear diffusion. Specifically, individuals move randomly over the network but at a rate depending on the population of the departure patch. In the absence of epidemics, the migration-driven equilibrium is described by quantifying the total number of individuals living in heavily/lightly populated areas. Our analytical approach reveals that strengthening the migration from populous areas contains the infection at the early stage of the epidemic. Moreover, depending on the exponent of the nonlinear diffusion rate, epidemic outbreaks do not always occur in the most populated areas as one might expect.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
The cosmic-ray air-shower signal in Askaryan radio detectors
Creators: name: de Vries, Krijn D.
name: Buitink, Stijn
name: van Eijndhoven, Nick
name: Meures, Thomas
name: O'Murchadha, Aongus
name: Scholten, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the radio emission from high-energy cosmic-ray induced air showers hitting Earth's surface before the cascade has died out in the atmosphere. The induced emission gives rise to a radio signal which should be detectable in the currently operating Askaryan radio detectors built to search for the GZK neutrino flux in ice. The in-air emission, the in-ice emission, as well as a new component, the coherent transition radiation when the particle bunch crosses the air-ice boundary, are included in the calculations.
Lorenz-like attractors in nonholonomic models of Celtic stone
Creators: name: Gonchenko, A. S.
name: Gonchenko, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study chaotic dynamics in nonholonomic model of Celtic stone. We show that, for certain values of parameters characterizing geometrical and physical properties of the stone, a strange Lorenz-like attractor is observed in the model. We study also bifurcation scenarios for appearance and break-down of this attractor.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. appears in Nonlinearity, 2015
Realization of compact spaces as cb-Helson sets
Creators: name: Choi, Yemon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A30 (primary), 46L07 (secondary)

description: We show that, given a compact Hausdorff space $Ω$, there is a compact group ${\mathbb G}$ and a homeomorphic embedding of $Ω$ into ${\mathbb G}$, such that the restriction map ${\rm A}({\mathbb G})\to C(Ω)$ is a complete quotient map of operator spaces. In particular, this shows that there exist compact groups which contain infinite cb-Helson subsets, answering a question raised in [Choi--Samei, Proc. AMS 2013; cf. http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.2953]. A negative result from the same paper is also improved.
description: v2: AMS-LaTeX, 12 pages. Changes to v1: material on continuity of product representations has been streamlined; other minor changes/corrections made, following referee's recommendations. Accepted by Ann. Funct. Anal; this is, modulo formatting, the author-accepted manuscript (CC-BY licence)
Additional file 1 of Improvement of androgenic alopecia by extracellular vesicles secreted from hyaluronic acid-stimulated induced mesenchymal stem cells
Creators: name: Oh, Hyun Geun
name: Jung, Minyoung
name: Jeong, Seon-Yeong
name: Kim, Jimin
name: Han, Sang‑Deok
name: Kim, Hongduk
name: Lee, Seulki
name: Lee, Yejin
name: You, Haedeun
name: Park, Somi
name: Kim, Eun A.
name: Kim, Tae Min
name: Kim, Soo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
On the Evaluation of Skill in Binary Forecast
Creators: name: Sitthiyot, Thitithep
name: Holasut, Kanyarat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A good prediction is very important for scientific, economic, and administrative purposes. It is therefore necessary to know whether a predictor is skillful enough to predict the future. Given the increased reliance on predictions in various disciplines, prediction skill index (PSI) is devised. Twenty-four numerical examples are used to demonstrate how the PSI method works. The results show that the PSI awards not only the same score for random prediction and always predicting the same value but also nontrivial scores for correct prediction of rare or extreme events. Moreover, the PSI can distinguish the difference between the perfect forecast of rare or extreme events and that of random events by awarding different skill scores while other conventional methods cannot and award the same score. The data on growth of real gross domestic product forecast of the Bank of Thailand between 2000 and 2019 are also used to demonstrate how the PSI evaluates skill of the forecaster in practice.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure, 8 tables
Molecule-assisted ferromagnetic atomic chain formation
Creators: name: Kumar, Manohar
name: Sethu, Kiran Kumar Vidya
name: van Ruitenbeek, Jan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One dimensional systems strongly enhance the quantum character of electron transport. Such systems can be realized in 5d transition metals Au, Pt and Ir, in the form of suspended monatomic chains between bulk leads. Atomic chains between ferromagnetic leads would open up many perspectives in the context of spin-dependent transport and spintronics, but the evidence suggests that for pure metals only the mentioned three 5d metals are susceptible to chain formation. It has been argued that the stability of atomic chains made up from ferromagnetic metals is compromised by the same exchange interaction that produces the local moments. Here we demonstrate that magnetic atomic chains can be induced to form in break junctions under the influence of light molecules. Explicitly, we find deuterium assisted chain formation in the 3d ferromagnetic transition metals Fe and Ni. Chain lengths up to eight atoms are formed upon stretching the ferromagnetic atomic contact in deuterium atmosphere at cryogenic temperatures. From differential conductance spectra vibronic states of D$_2$ can be identified, confirming the presence of deuterium in the atomic chains.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures and Supplementary information(3 pages and 3 figures)
Large-Scale Knowledge Synthesis and Complex Information Retrieval from Biomedical Documents
Creators: name: Saxena, Shreya
name: Sangani, Raj
name: Prasad, Siva
name: Kumar, Shubham
name: Athale, Mihir
name: Awhad, Rohan
name: Vaddina, Vishal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advances in the healthcare industry have led to an abundance of unstructured data, making it challenging to perform tasks such as efficient and accurate information retrieval at scale. Our work offers an all-in-one scalable solution for extracting and exploring complex information from large-scale research documents, which would otherwise be tedious. First, we briefly explain our knowledge synthesis process to extract helpful information from unstructured text data of research documents. Then, on top of the knowledge extracted from the documents, we perform complex information retrieval using three major components- Paragraph Retrieval, Triplet Retrieval from Knowledge Graphs, and Complex Question Answering (QA). These components combine lexical and semantic-based methods to retrieve paragraphs and triplets and perform faceted refinement for filtering these search results. The complexity of biomedical queries and documents necessitates using a QA system capable of handling queries more complex than factoid queries, which we evaluate qualitatively on the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) to demonstrate the effectiveness and value-add.
Graph-based Village Level Poverty Identification
Creators: name: Ma, Jing
name: Yang, Liangwei
name: Feng, Qiong
name: Zhang, Weizhi
name: Yu, Philip S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Poverty status identification is the first obstacle to eradicating poverty. Village-level poverty identification is very challenging due to the arduous field investigation and insufficient information. The development of the Web infrastructure and its modeling tools provides fresh approaches to identifying poor villages. Upon those techniques, we build a village graph for village poverty status identification. By modeling the village connections as a graph through the geographic distance, we show the correlation between village poverty status and its graph topological position and identify two key factors (Centrality, Homophily Decaying effect) for identifying villages. We further propose the first graph-based method to identify poor villages. It includes a global Centrality2Vec module to embed village centrality into the dense vector and a local graph distance convolution module that captures the decaying effect. In this paper, we make the first attempt to interpret and identify village-level poverty from a graph perspective.
description: 5 pages, accepted by theWebConf 2023
Reconstruction of Long-Term Historical Demand Data
Creators: name: Ghosh, Reshmi
name: Craig, Michael
name: Matthews, H. Scott
name: Samaras, Constantine
name: Berti-Equille, Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.1

description: Long-term planning of a robust power system requires the understanding of changing demand patterns. Electricity demand is highly weather sensitive. Thus, the supply side variation from introducing intermittent renewable sources, juxtaposed with variable demand, will introduce additional challenges in the grid planning process. By understanding the spatial and temporal variability of temperature over the US, the response of demand to natural variability and climate change-related effects on temperature can be separated, especially because the effects due to the former factor are not known. Through this project, we aim to better support the technology & policy development process for power systems by developing machine and deep learning 'back-forecasting' models to reconstruct multidecadal demand records and study the natural variability of temperature and its influence on demand.
description: Accepted to Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning Workshop, ICML 2021
Contrasting string holography to its optical namesake
Creators: name: Khveshchenko, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assess the prospects of using metamaterials for simulating various aspects of analogue gravity and holographic correspondence. Albeit requiring a careful engineering of the dielectric media, some hallmark features reminiscent of the hypothetical 'generalized holographic conjecture' can be detected by measuring non-local optical field correlations. The possibility of such simulated behavior might also shed light on the true origin of those apparent holography-like phenomena in the condensed matter systems with emergent effective metrics which may not, in fact, require any references to the string-theoretical holography.
description: Latex, 4+ pages, no figures
Model of destruction of montmorillonite crystal structure in a microwave field
Creators: name: Makarov, Valery N.
name: Kanygina, Olga N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address amorphization of montmorillonite crystal structure. Powdered montmorillonite samples with an effective particle diameter 630 micrometers were treated by a microwave field with frequency 2,45 GHz and power 750 W for ten minutes in different environments. The first sample was treated in an air environment, the second one in a humid environment. The third sample was a ceramic mass with 10 percent concentration of mixing water (with respect to the total mass). The model describing amorphization is based on results of X-ray analysis. Activation energies were evaluated for covalent and ionic bounds of oxygen ions, hydroxyl groups, and silicon (aluminum) ions. It is shown that the amorphization is carried out in four stages. In fractions of the energy consumption of the last stage the first one consumes 7-9 percent, the second one takes 13-15 percent, and the third one takes 49-59 percent.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Fluctuating Currents in Stochastic Thermodynamics II. Energy Conversion and Nonequilibrium Response in Kinesin Models
Creators: name: Altaner, Bernhard
name: Wachtel, Artur
name: Vollmer, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unlike macroscopic engines, the molecular machinery of living cells is strongly affected by fluctuations. Stochastic Thermodynamics uses Markovian jump processes to model the random transitions between the chemical and configurational states of these biological macromolecules. A recently developed theoretical framework [Wachtel, Vollmer, Altaner: "Fluctuating Currents in Stochastic Thermodynamics I. Gauge Invariance of Asymptotic Statistics"] provides a simple algorithm for the determination of macroscopic currents and correlation integrals of arbitrary fluctuating currents. Here, we use it to discuss energy conversion and nonequilibrium response in different models for the molecular motor kinesin. Methodologically, our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in dealing with parameter-dependent stochastic models. For the concrete biophysical problem our results reveal two interesting features in experimentally accessible parameter regions: The validity of a non-equilibrium Green--Kubo relation at mechanical stalling as well as negative differential mobility for superstalling forces.
description: PACS numbers: 05.70.Ln, 05.40.-a, 87.10.Mn, 87.16.Nn. An accompanying publication "Fluctuating Currents in Stochastic Thermodynamics I. Gauge Invariance of Asymptotic Statistics" is available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1407.2065
Thermal Creep on Mars: Visualizing a Soil Layer under Tension
Creators: name: Bila, Tetyana
name: Kollmer, Jonathan
name: Teiser, Jens
name: Wurm, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At low ambient pressure, temperature gradients in porous soil lead to a gas flow, called thermal creep. With this regard, Mars is a unique as the conditions for thermal creep to occur in natural soil only exist on this planet in the solar system. Known as Knudsen compressor, thermal creep induces pressure variations. In the case of Mars, there might be a pressure maximum below the very top dust particle layers of the soil, which would support particle lift and might decrease threshold wind velocities necessary to trigger saltation or reduce angles of repose on certain slopes. In laboratory experiments, we applied diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) to trace minute motions of grains on the nm-scale in an illuminated simulated soil. This way, DWS visualizes pressure variations. We observe a minimum of motion which we attribute to the pressure maximum ~ 2 mm below the surface. The motion above but especially below that depth characteristically depends on the ambient pressure with a peak at an ambient pressure of about 3 mbar for our sample. This is consistent with earlier work on ejection of particle layers and is in agreement to a thermal creep origin. It underlines the supporting nature of thermal creep for particle lift which might be especially important on Mars.
title: Treiber und Charakteristika von Innovationen in der Verfahrenstechnik
Creators: name: Schopp, Philipp
Publisher: name: FH CAMPUS 02 (CAMPUS 02 Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 658 Allgemeines Management

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt zukünftige Innovationstreiber in der Verfahrens- und Prozesstechnik. Zu Beginn der Arbeit findet sich eine Einführung in die Arbeitsweise und Herausforderungen der Prozessindustrie. Daraufhin folgt eine Literaturrecherche zu diversen Themen der Innovations- und Zukunftsforschung. Aufbauend werden das Auftreten, der Umfang und die Voraussetzungen bisheriger Innovationen in der Verfahrenstechnik diskutiert. Anschließend werden Methoden zur Erarbeitung von zukünftigen Innovationstreibern vorgestellt. Folgend wird ein Modell zur praktischen Ausarbeitung von zukünftigen Innovationtreibern der Verfahrens- und Prozesstechnik vorgestellt. Die praktische Erarbeitung dieses Modells beginnt mit der Recherche branchenbezogener Trends und Prognosen. Die dabei identifizierten Entwicklungen werden daraufhin fortführend behandelt. Im ersten Schritt findet eine Klassifizierung mittels einer Umweltanalyse statt. Im zweiten Schritt werden sie hinsichtlich der Stärke ihres Eintretens bewertet. Anschließend findet im dritten Schritt eine Beurteilung der Branchenrelevanz durch mehrere Experten statt. Aufgrund dieser Analysen werden die behandelten Entwicklungen einer Einteilung in verschiedene Innovationstreiberklassen unterzogen. Abschließend werden mithilfe der bearbeiteten Entwicklungen Szenarien generiert, welche mögliche, zukünftig relevante Geschäftsumgebungen der Verfahrens- und Prozesstechnik abbilden.
description: The thesis at hand examines future drivers of innovation in the chemical and process engineering industry. At first an introduction to the principles and challenges of this industry can be found. Subsequently, a literature research concerning diverse topics of innovation and future sciences is presented. Upon this section, the arising, the extent as well as the requirements of previous innovations in chemical and process engineering are shown. Following, methods to identify future drivers of innovation are illustrated. Further on, a model for the practical elaboration of future drivers of innovation in the chemical and process industry is presented. The investigation within this model begins with the research of branch-related trends and predictions. The identified developments are treated subsequently. Firstly, a classification by means of an environmental analysis takes place. Secondly, the proposed future conditions are rated in context to their strength of advocacy. Thirdly, the assessment of the branch-relevance takes place by interviewing experts on the field. Based on these analyses the identified future conditions are subject to a classification of different types of innovation drivers. Upon the found results, scenarios are generated to illustrate potential prospective relevant business environments of the chemical and process engineering industry.
An assessment of the pulsar outer gap model. I: Assumptions, uncertainties, and implications for the gap size and the accelerating field
Creators: name: Viganò, Daniele
name: Torres, Diego F.
name: Hirotani, Kouichi
name: Pessah, Martín E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The popular outer gap model of magnetospheric emission from pulsars has been widely applied to explain the properties observed in $γ$-rays. However, its quantitative predictions rely on a number of approximations and assumptions that are usually overlooked. Here we examine them, reviewing the main ingredients entering in the model, evaluating their range of uncertainties. Usually, in the quantitative applications of the model, key parameters like the radius of curvature and the energies of the interacting photons are taken to be a fixed, single value. Instead, here we explore their realistic ranges, and the impact of these on the consistency of the model itself. We conclude that the popular evaluation of the trans-field size of the gap as a function of period and period derivative, is unreliable and affected by a huge dispersion. Last, the exploration of the possible values for the radius of curvature, the local magnetic field and other quantities deserve more attention for quantitative applications of the outer gap model, like the calculation of $γ$-ray spectra, which is the subject of an accompanying paper.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for pubblication in MNRAS main journal. References updated
Bulk Viscosity of Relativistic $npeμ$ Matter in Neutron-Star Mergers
Creators: name: Alford, Mark
name: Harutyunyan, Arus
name: Sedrakian, Armen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the bulk viscosity of hot and dense $npeμ$ matter arising from weak-interaction direct Urca processes. We consider two regimes of interest: (a) the neutrino-transparent regime with $T\leq T_{\rm tr}$ ($T_{\rm tr}\simeq 5÷10$ MeV is the neutrino-trapping temperature); and (b) the neutrino-trapped regime with $T\geq T_{\rm tr}$. Nuclear matter is modeled in relativistic density functional approach with density-dependent parametrization DDME2. The maximum of the bulk viscosity is achieved at temperatures $T \simeq 5÷6$ MeV in the neutrino-transparent regime, then it drops rapidly at higher temperatures where neutrino-trapping occurs. As an astrophysical application, we estimate the damping timescales of density oscillations by the bulk viscosity in neutron star mergers and find that, e.g., at the oscillation frequency $f=10$ kHz, the damping will be very efficient at temperatures $4\leq T\leq 7$ MeV where the bulk viscosity might affect the evolution of the post-merger object.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, matches published version
Iran's Dilemma: Universalism Vs Cultural Relativism
Creators: name: Kumar, Sumant
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Universalism
Cultural Relativism
Iran
Human Rights

description: This book is about to highlight the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran. On the one hand, this work has shown the implementation of the human rights mechanism by Iran with their own standard from Sharia Law but the other side how Iran is bound to implement the Universal Human Rights standard. To denying the Universal Human rights system in Iran is justified in its own way by using cultural relativism approach. This work has brought the debate over Universalism Vs Cultural Relativism at the center point to know how the US as an international actor using a double-standard approach to force implement Universal human rights standard in Iran.
Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves from the perturbations on the inflaton potential in peak theory
Creators: name: Zhao, Ji-Xiang
name: Liu, Xiao-Hui
name: Li, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A perturbation on the background inflaton potential can lead inflation into the ultraslow-roll stage and can thus remarkably enhance the power spectrum ${\cal P}_{\cal R}(k)$ of the primordial curvature perturbation on small scales. Such an enhanced ${\cal P}_{\cal R}(k)$ will result in primordial black holes (PBHs), contributing a significant fraction of dark matter, and will simultaneously generate sizable scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) as a secondorder effect. In this work, we calculate the PBH abundances $f_{\rm PBH}(M)$ and SIGW spectra $Ω_{\rm GW}(f)$ in peak theory. We obtain the PBHs with desirable abundances in one or two typical mass windows at $10^{-17}\, M_\odot$, $10^{-13}\, M_\odot$, and $30\, M_\odot$, respectively. At the same time, the relevant SIGWs are expected to be observed by the next-generation gravitational wave detectors, without spoiling the current constraint. Especially, the SIGW associated with the PBH of $30\, M_\odot$ can also interpret the potential isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background from the NANOGrav 12.5-year dataset.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Magnetic Structure and Ordering of Multiferroic Hexagonal LuFeO3
Creators: name: Disseler, Steven M.
name: Borchers, Julie A.
name: Brooks, Charles M.
name: Mundy, Julia A.
name: Moyer, Jarrett A.
name: Hillsberry, D. A.
name: Thies, E. L.
name: Tenne, D. A.
name: Heron, John
name: Clarkson, James D.
name: Stiehl, Gregory M.
name: Schiffer, Peter
name: Muller, David A.
name: Schlom, Darrell G.
name: Ratcliff, William D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the magnetic structure and ordering of hexagonal LuFeO3 films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) on YSZ (111) and Al2O3 (0001) substrates. Using a set of complementary probes including neutron diffraction, we find that the system magnetically orders into a ferromagnetically-canted antiferromagnetic state via a single transition between 138-155 K, while a paraelectric to ferroelectric transition occurs above 1000 K. The symmetry of the magnetic structure in the ferroelectric state implies that this material is a strong candidate for linear magnetoelectric coupling and control of the ferromagnetic moment directly by an electric field.
Additional file 1 of Estimates of eskd risk and timely kidney replacement therapy education
Creators: name: Haggerty, Lauren E.
name: Rifkin, Dena E.
name: Nguyen, Hoang Anh
name: Abdelmalek, Joseph A.
name: Sweiss, Natalie
name: Miller, Lindsay M.
name: Potok, O. Alison
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Worst Case and Probabilistic Analysis of the 2-Opt Algorithm for the TSP
Creators: name: Englert, Matthias
name: Röglin, Heiko
name: Vöcking, Berthold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: 2-Opt is probably the most basic local search heuristic for the TSP. This heuristic achieves amazingly good results on real world Euclidean instances both with respect to running time and approximation ratio. There are numerous experimental studies on the performance of 2-Opt. However, the theoretical knowledge about this heuristic is still very limited. Not even its worst case running time on 2-dimensional Euclidean instances was known so far. We clarify this issue by presenting, for every $p\in\mathbb{N}$, a family of $L_p$ instances on which 2-Opt can take an exponential number of steps. Previous probabilistic analyses were restricted to instances in which $n$ points are placed uniformly at random in the unit square $[0,1]^2$. We consider a more advanced model in which the points can be placed independently according to general distributions on $[0,1]^d$, for an arbitrary $d\ge 2$. In particular, we allow different distributions for different points. We study the expected number of local improvements in terms of the number $n$ of points and the maximal density $ϕ$ of the probability distributions. We show an upper bound on the expected length of any 2-Opt improvement path of $\tilde{O}(n^{4+1/3}\cdotϕ^{8/3})$. When starting with an initial tour computed by an insertion heuristic, the upper bound on the expected number of steps improves even to $\tilde{O}(n^{4+1/3-1/d}\cdotϕ^{8/3})$. If the distances are measured according to the Manhattan metric, then the expected number of steps is bounded by $\tilde{O}(n^{4-1/d}\cdotϕ)$. In addition, we prove an upper bound of $O(\sqrt[d]ϕ)$ on the expected approximation factor with respect to all $L_p$ metrics. Let us remark that our probabilistic analysis covers as special cases the uniform input model with $ϕ=1$ and a smoothed analysis with Gaussian perturbations of standard deviation $σ$ with $ϕ\sim1/σ^d$.
description: An extended abstract of this work has appeared in the Proc. of the 18th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. The results of this extended abstract have been split into two articles (Algorithmica 2014) and (ACM Transactions on Algorithms 2016). This report is an updated version of the first journal article, in which two minor errors in the proofs of Lemma 8 and Lemma 9 have been corrected
Computational study of shock waves propagating through air-plastic-water interfaces
Creators: name: Del Razo, Mauricio J.
name: LeVeque, Randall J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65Mxx, 65Nxx, 65Zxx, 74Sxx, 76Zxx, 66Nxx, 35Lxx

description: The following study is motivated by experimental studies in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent research has demonstrated that low intensity non-impact blast wave exposure frequently leads to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI); however, the mechanisms connecting the blast waves and the mTBI remain unclear. Collaborators at the Seattle VA Hospital are doing experiments to understand how blast waves can produce mTBI. In order to gain insight that is hard to obtain by experimental means, we have developed conservative finite volume methods for interface-shock wave interaction to simulate these experiments. A 1D model of their experimental setup has been implemented using Euler equations for compressible fluids. These equations are coupled with a Tammann equation of state (EOS) that allows us to model compressible gas along with almost incompressible fluids or elastic solids. A hybrid HLLC-exact Eulerian-Lagrangian Riemann solver for Tammann EOS with a jump in the parameters has been developed. The model has shown that if the plastic interface is very thin, it can be neglected. This result might be very helpful to model more complicated setups in higher dimensions.
description: To appear in Special Number of the Bulletin of the Brazilian Math. Society. HYP 2014 conference proceedings
New multiwavelength observations of the Of?p star CPD -28 2561
Creators: name: Hubrig, S.
name: Schöller, M.
name: Kholtygin, A.
name: Tsumura, H.
name: Hoshino, A.
name: Kitamoto, S.
name: Oskinova, L.
name: Ignace, R.
name: Todt, H.
name: Ilyin, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A rather strong mean longitudinal magnetic field of the order of a few hundred Gauss was detected a few years ago in the Of?p star CPD -28 2561 using FORS2 low-resolution spectropolarimetric observations. In this work we present additional low-resolution spectropolarimetric observations obtained during several weeks in 2013 December using FORS2 (FOcal Reducer low dispersion Spectrograph) mounted at the 8-m Antu telescope of the VLT. These observations cover a little less than half of the stellar rotation period of 73.41d mentioned in the literature. The behaviour of the mean longitudinal magnetic field is consistent with the assumption of a single-wave variation during the stellar rotation cycle, indicating a dominant dipolar contribution to the magnetic field topology. The estimated polar strength of the surface dipole B_d is larger than 1.15kG. Further, we compared the behaviour of the line profiles of various elements at different rotation phases associated with different magnetic field strengths. The strongest contribution of the emission component is observed at the phases when the magnetic field shows a negative or positive extremum. The comparison of the spectral behaviour of CPD -28 2561 with that of another Of?p star, HD148937 of similar spectral type, reveals remarkable differences in the degree of variability between both stars. Finally, we present new X-ray observations obtained with the Suzaku X-ray Observatory. We report that the star is X-ray bright with log L_X/L_bol ~= -5.7. The low resolution X-ray spectra reveal the presence of a plasma heated up to 24MK. We associate the 24MK plasma in CPD -28 2561 with the presence of a kG strong magnetic field capable to confine stellar wind.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Permutation trinomials over $\mathbb{F}_{2^m}$: a corrected version
Creators: name: Wu, Danyao
name: Yuan, Pingzhi
name: Ding, Cunsheng
name: Ma, Yuzhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11C08 12E10

description: Permutation polynomials are an interesting subject of mathematics and have applications in other areas of mathematics and engineering. In this paper, we determine all permutation trinomials over $\mathbb{F}_{2^m}$ in Zieve's paper. We prove a conjecture proposed by Gupta and Sharma and obtain some new permutation trinomials over $\mathbb{F}_{2^m}$. Finally, we show that some classes of permutation trinomials with parameters are QM equivalent to some known permutation trinomials.
Educated towards research: the first five years of the undergraduate mentoring program at Konkoly Observatory
Creators: name: Molnár, László
name: Kiss, László L.
name: Szabó, Róbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2017 the Konkoly Observatory in Budapest published its first call for application inviting university students to carry out financially supported supervised research work and observing duties. The initiative quickly became popular and, so far, the program has supported 37 students. Five years later, is now time to summarize the experience gathered from both the institute and the participants. Notable results include numerous OTDK (student project) prizes awarded, first papers published, and acceptances into MSc and PhD programs both domestically and abroad, thus laying the foundations for the careers of several students. Among the feedback we have received from the students is the need for a more complex mentoring program, over and above of the funded research opportunities. A survey we conducted among the students indicates that communal and educational events are in the greatest demand, probably also induced by the lockdown restrictions experienced in the last few years. Through such events the students would not only build their community and start professional collaborations, but also learn more about various aspects of academia. In light of these results, we review possible avenues to improve the program.
description: Originally published in the journal Magyar Tudom\'any in Hungarian: this is a slightly edited translation
Distinct cellular pools of perilipin 5 point to roles in lipid trafficking
Creators: name: Bartholomew, Sadie R
name: Bell, Erica Hlavin
name: Summerfield, Taryn
name: Newman, Leslie C
name: Miller, Erin L
name: Patterson, Brian
name: Niday, Zach P
name: Ackerman, William
name: Tansey, John T
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The PAT family of lipid storage droplet proteins comprised five members, each of which has become an established regulator of cellular neutral lipid metabolism. Perilipin 5 (also known as lsdp-5, MLDP, PAT-1, and OXPAT), the most recently discovered member of the family, has been shown to localize to two distinct intracellular pools: the lipid storage droplet (LD), and a poorly characterized cytosolic fraction. We have characterized the denser of these intracellular pools and find that a population of perilipin 5 not associated with large LDs resides in complexes with a discrete density (~1.15 g/ml) and size (~575 kDa). Using immunofluorescence, western blotting of isolated sucrose density fractions, native gradient gel electrophoresis, and co-immunoprecipitation, we have shown that these small (~15 nm), perilipin 5-encoated structures do not contain the PAT protein perilipin 2 (ADRP), but do contain perilipin 3 and several other as of yet uncharacterized proteins. The size and density of these particles as well as their susceptibility to degradation by lipases suggest that like larger LDs, they have a neutral lipid rich core. When treated with oleic acid to promote neutral lipid deposition, cells ectopically expressing perilipin 5 experienced a reorganization of LDs in the cell, resulting in fewer, larger droplets at the expense of smaller ones. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a portion of cytosolic perilipin 5 resides in high density lipid droplet complexes that participate in cellular neutral lipid accumulation.
Effective Dimension in Bandit Problems under Censorship
Creators: name: Guinet, Gauthier
name: Amin, Saurabh
name: Jaillet, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study both multi-armed and contextual bandit problems in censored environments. Our goal is to estimate the performance loss due to censorship in the context of classical algorithms designed for uncensored environments. Our main contributions include the introduction of a broad class of censorship models and their analysis in terms of the effective dimension of the problem -- a natural measure of its underlying statistical complexity and main driver of the regret bound. In particular, the effective dimension allows us to maintain the structure of the original problem at first order, while embedding it in a bigger space, and thus naturally leads to results analogous to uncensored settings. Our analysis involves a continuous generalization of the Elliptical Potential Inequality, which we believe is of independent interest. We also discover an interesting property of decision-making under censorship: a transient phase during which initial misspecification of censorship is self-corrected at an extra cost, followed by a stationary phase that reflects the inherent slowdown of learning governed by the effective dimension. Our results are useful for applications of sequential decision-making models where the feedback received depends on strategic uncertainty (e.g., agents' willingness to follow a recommendation) and/or random uncertainty (e.g., loss or delay in arrival of information).
description: 45 pages, 5 figures, NeurIPS 2022
On genuine entanglement for tripartite systems
Creators: name: Zhao, Hui
name: Liu, Lin
name: Wang, Zhi-Xi
name: Jing, Naihuan
name: Li, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the genuine entanglement in tripartite systems based on partial transposition and the norm of correlation tensors of the density matrices. We first derive an analytical sufficient criterion to detect genuine entanglement of tripartite qubit quantum states combining with the partial transposition of the density matrices. Then we use the norm of correlation tensors to study genuine entanglement for tripartite qudit quantum states and obtain a genuine entanglement criterion by constructing certain matrices. With detailed examples our results are seen to be able to detect more genuine tripartite entangled states than previous studies.
Study of the $f_2(1270)$, $f'_2(1525)$, $\bar{K}^*_{2}(1430)$, $f_0(1370)$ and $f_0(1710)$ production from $ψ(nS)$ and $Υ(nS)$ decays
Creators: name: Dai, Lian-Rong
name: Xie, Ju-Jun
name: Oset, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on previous studies that support the important role of the $f_2(1270)$, $f'_2(1525)$, and $\bar{K}^{*}_{2}(1430)$ resonances in the $J/ψ[ψ(2S)] \to ϕ(ω) VV$ decays, we make an analysis of the analogous decays of $Υ(1S)$ and $Υ(2S)$, taking into account recent experimental data. In addition, we study the $J/ψ$ and $ψ(2S)$ radiative decays and we also made predictions for the radiative decay of $Υ(1S)$ and $Υ(2S)$ into $γf_2(1270)$, $γf'_2(1525)$, $γf_0(1370)$ and $γf_0(1710)$, comparing with the recent results of a CLEO experiment. We can compare our results for ratios of decay rates with eight experimental ratios and find agreement in all but one case, where experimental problems are discussed.
description: Published version
Crystal Structure of Superconducting 1/1 Cubic Au-Ge-Yb Approximant with Tsai-Type Cluster
Creators: name: Deguchi, Kazuhiko
name: Nakayama, Mika
name: Matsukawa, Shuya
name: Imura, Keiichiro
name: Tanaka, Katsumasa
name: Ishimasa, Tsutomu
name: Sato, Noriaki K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the synthesis of a single-phase sample of the superconducting crystalline approximant Au64.0Ge22.0Yb14.0 and present a structure model refined by Rietveld analysis for X-ray diffraction data.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/JPSJ.84.015002
Relative growth and morphological sexual maturity of the crab Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785) (Decapoda: Aethridae) in southeast Brazil
Creators: name: Jaconis, Milena Silva
name: Nogueira, Caio Santos
name: Rezende-Gois, Gabriel Vieira Martins
name: Perroca, Julia Fernandes
name: Costa, Rogerio Caetano
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The crab Hepatus pudibundus is a bycatch of the shrimp fishing industry, and despite having no commercial value, it is impacted by fishing activities. In this way, research about relative growth and sexual maturity can help to understand the life cycle of fisheries-affected species. Thus, the present study aimed to estimate morphological sexual maturity (MSM) and analyse the relative growth of a population of H. pudibundus. For morphometric analysis and MSM estimate, the following structures were measured: the carapace (CW) and abdomen width (AW), the left and right cheliped propodus length (LPL and RPL) and height (LPH and RPH) for both sexes, and the gonopodium length (GL) for males. No heterochely was observed for both sexes, but the propodus dimensions showed sexual dimorphism. Males attain MSM at 44.71 mm CW and females at 41.87 mm CW. Males and females showed higher growth rates in GL and AW, respectively, in the juvenile stage, suggesting a greater investment in the development of secondary sexual characteristics before MSM. The present study provides information on the growth pattern of the species, which is significant to the community structure of fishing areas and serves as a parameter for evaluating protective measures that have been implemented.
Development and operational experience of magnetic horn system for T2K experiment
Creators: name: Sekiguchi, T.
name: Bessho, K.
name: Fujii, Y.
name: Hagiwara, M.
name: Hasegawa, T.
name: Hayashi, K.
name: Ishida, T.
name: Ishii, T.
name: Kobayashi, H.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Koike, S.
name: Koseki, K.
name: Maruyama, T.
name: Matsumoto, H.
name: Nakadaira, T.
name: Nakamura, K.
name: Nakayoshi, K.
name: Nishikawa, K.
name: Oyama, Y.
name: Sakashita, K.
name: Shibata, M.
name: Suzuki, Y.
name: Tada, M.
name: Takahashi, K.
name: Tsukamoto, T.
name: Yamada, Y.
name: Yamanoi, Y.
name: Yamaoka, H.
name: Ichikawa, A. K.
name: Kubo, H.
name: Butcher, Z.
name: Coleman, S.
name: Missert, A.
name: Spitz, J.
name: Zimmerman, E. D.
name: Tzanov, M.
name: Bartoszek, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A magnetic horn system to be operated at a pulsed current of 320 kA and to survive high-power proton beam operation at 750 kW was developed for the T2K experiment. The first set of T2K magnetic horns was operated for over 12 million pulses during the four years of operation from 2010 to 2013, under a maximum beam power of 230 kW, and $6.63\times10^{20}$ protons were exposed to the production target. No significant damage was observed throughout this period. This successful operation of the T2K magnetic horns led to the discovery of the $ν_μ\rightarrowν_e$ oscillation phenomenon in 2013 by the T2K experiment. In this paper, details of the design, construction, and operation experience of the T2K magnetic horns are described.
description: 22 pages, 40 figures, also submitted to Nuclear Instrument and Methods in Physics Research, A