cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A local self-tuning mechanism for the cosmological constant
Creators: name: Sobral-Blanco, Daniel
name: Lombriser, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the global variation of the Planck mass in the General Relativistic Einstein-Hilbert action was proposed as a self-tuning mechanism of the cosmological constant preventing vacuum energy from freely gravitating. We show that this global mechanism emerges for generic local scalar-tensor theories with additional coupling of the scalar field to the field strength of a three-form gauge field that turns the scalar field constant on the domain of the action. Evaluation of the resulting integral constraint equation over the observable Universe yields a self-consistent framework with General Relativistic field equations and arbitrary radiatively stable residual cosmological constant. We argue that the expectation value for this residual is in good agreement with the magnitude of the observed cosmic acceleration.
description: 14 pages
Additional file 1 of The effect of luseogliflozin on bone microarchitecture in older patients with type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial using second-generation, high-resolution, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT)
Creators: name: Haraguchi, Ai
name: Riyoko Shigeno
name: Horie, Ichiro
name: Morimoto, Shimpei
name: Ito, Ayako
name: Chiba, Ko
name: Kawazoe, Yurika
name: Tashiro, Shigeki
name: Miyamoto, Junya
name: Shuntaro Sato
name: Yamamoto, Hiroshi
name: Osaki, Makoto
name: Kawakami, Atsushi
name: Abiru, Norio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) 2013 Checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*.
Additional file 2 of Electronic pillbox-enabled self-administered therapy versus standard directly observed therapy for tuberculosis medication adherence and treatment outcomes in Ethiopia (SELFTB): protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Manyazewal, Tsegahun
name: Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel
name: Holland, David P.
name: Abebaw Fekadu
name: Blumberg, Henry M.
name: Marconi, Vincent C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Participant information sheet and consent form (English version).
A Proof Assistant Based Formalisation of Core Erlang
Creators: name: Bereczky, Péter
name: Horpácsi, Dániel
name: Thompson, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Our research is part of a wider project that aims to investigate and reason about the correctness of scheme-based source code transformations of Erlang programs. In order to formally reason about the definition of a programming language and the software built using it, we need a mathematically rigorous description of that language. In this paper, we present our proof-assistant-based formalisation of a subset of Erlang, intended to serve as a base for proving refactorings correct. After discussing how we reused concepts from related work, we show the syntax and semantics of our formal description, including the abstractions involved (e.g. closures). We also present essential properties of the formalisation (e.g. determinism) along with their machine-checked proofs. Finally, we prove the correctness of some simple refactoring strategies.
description: 21st International Symposium on Trends in Functional Programming
Chaetasterina gracilis Hess 1970
Creators: name: Gale, Andrew S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Echinodermata
Asteroidea
Valvatida
Asterinidae
Chaetasterina
Chaetasterina gracilis

description: Chaetasterina gracilis Hess, 1970
Figure 2 C–I
 1970 Chaetasterina Hess: p. 1082, figs 9–14, pl. 3: fig. 5.
 Diagnosis. As for genus.
 Type. The unique holotype is from the Upper Hauterivian of Neuchâtel, Switzerland (NMB Hess A 94).
 Remarks. The sole specimen is small (R approximately 12 mm) and probably juvenile, but well-preserved, and parts of the specimen are covered in tiny, dense spines, similar to those on Hyalinothrix. The abactinal ossicles (Fig. 2C) of the arm are arranged in transverse rows diverging from mid-radius, very different from situation in Chaetaster in which the abactinals form well-defined columns extending from the disc to the arm tip (Fig. 1F). The abactinals of C. gracilis (Fig. 2 E-I) are small and paxillose, with flanged, imbricating bases, like those in Hyalinothrix (Fig. 2M) and unlike the robust, block-like ossicles of Chaetaster (Fig. 1D, F). The inferomarginals of C. gracilis (Fig. 2H, I) are small and similar to those of Hyalinothrix (Fig. 2I). The body shape of C. gracilis, with short, straplike arms (Fig. 2C, D) and broad disc, is unlike those of Hyalothrix specimens, which have long, cylindrical arms and a small disc. However, the unique specimen of C. gracilis is probably a juvenile, and many asteroid juveniles have proportionately short arms.
description: Published as part of Gale, Andrew S., 2020, The fossil record of the asteroid (Echinodermata) family Chaetasteridae Sladen 1889 and subfamily Hyalothricinae Fisher, 1911, pp. 144-150 in Zootaxa 4858 (1) on page 148, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/4411478
An improved convergence analysis for decentralized online stochastic non-convex optimization
Creators: name: Xin, Ran
name: Khan, Usman A.
name: Kar, Soummya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we study decentralized online stochastic non-convex optimization over a network of nodes. Integrating a technique called gradient tracking in decentralized stochastic gradient descent, we show that the resulting algorithm, GT-DSGD, enjoys certain desirable characteristics towards minimizing a sum of smooth non-convex functions. In particular, for general smooth non-convex functions, we establish non-asymptotic characterizations of GT-DSGD and derive the conditions under which it achieves network-independent performances that match the centralized minibatch SGD. In contrast, the existing results suggest that GT-DSGD is always network-dependent and is therefore strictly worse than the centralized minibatch SGD. When the global non-convex function additionally satisfies the Polyak-Lojasiewics (PL) condition, we establish the linear convergence of GT-DSGD up to a steady-state error with appropriate constant step-sizes. Moreover, under stochastic approximation step-sizes, we establish, for the first time, the optimal global sublinear convergence rate on almost every sample path, in addition to the asymptotically optimal sublinear rate in expectation. Since strongly convex functions are a special case of the functions satisfying the PL condition, our results are not only immediately applicable but also improve the currently known best convergence rates and their dependence on problem parameters.
Standing and travelling waves in the shallow-water circular hydraulic jump
Creators: name: Ray, Arnab K.
name: Bhattacharjee, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A wave equation for a time-dependent perturbation about the steady shallow-water solution emulates the metric an acoustic white hole, even upon the incorporation of nonlinearity in the lowest order. A standing wave in the sub-critical region of the flow is stabilised by viscosity, and the resulting time scale for the amplitude decay helps in providing a scaling argument for the formation of the hydraulic jump. A standing wave in the super-critical region, on the other hand, displays an unstable character, which, although somewhat mitigated by viscosity, needs nonlinear effects to be saturated. A travelling wave moving upstream from the sub-critical region, destabilises the flow in the vicinity of the jump, for which experimental support has been given.
description: 9 pages, REVTeX, Additional treatment on travelling waves. Extensively revised in the publised version. Contains a full new section on the role of nonlinearity
General Lower Bounds for b -> d Penguin Processes
Creators: name: Fleischer, Robert
name: Recksiegel, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the exploration of flavour physics, b -> d penguin processes are an important aspect, with the prominent example of \bar B^0_d -> K^0 \bar K^0. We recently derived lower bounds for the CP-averaged branching ratio of this channel in the Standard Model; they were found to be very close to the corresponding experimental upper limits, thereby suggesting that \bar B^0_d -> K^0 \bar K^0 should soon be observed. In fact, the BaBar collaboration subsequently announced the first signals of this transition. Here we point out that it is also possible to derive lower bounds for \bar B -> ργdecays, which are again surprisingly close to the current experimental upper limits. We show that these bounds are realizations of a general bound that holds within the Standard Model for b -> d penguin processes, allowing further applications to decays of the kind B^\pm -> K^{(\ast)\pm} K^{(\ast)} and B^\pm -> π^\pm \ell^+ \ell^-, ρ^\pm \ell^+ \ell^-.
description: Minor changes, to appear as rapid communication in Phys. Rev D
Asset specificity and the emergence of New Generation Cooperatives – The case of a Danish potato starch cooperative
Creators: name: Hajderllari, Eliona
name: Karantininis, Kostas
name: Chaddad, Fabio
name: Hajderllari, Eliona
name: Karantininis, Kostas
name: Chaddad, Fabio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Cooperative
subject: asset specificity
subject: holdup problem

description: In this paper we analyze the factors that determine the emergence of new generation cooperatives using the formation and structure of the Danish potato starch cooperative KMC as a historical example. The transaction cost framework has been used in order to analyze how actors chose among different types of governance structures. Theoretical framework and interviews have been combined in exploring and investigating the transactions in different settings. We show in our analysis that the governance structure choice depends heavily on the level and orientation of asset specificity as well as on the downstream market structure. Different problems that occur as a result of transaction costs related to the asset specificity are compared in different settings. Furthermore we claim that the orientation of the asset specificity and the contract-based downstream market have resulted on the emergence of the new generation cooperative.
Additional file 1 of Electronic pillbox-enabled self-administered therapy versus standard directly observed therapy for tuberculosis medication adherence and treatment outcomes in Ethiopia (SELFTB): protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Manyazewal, Tsegahun
name: Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel
name: Holland, David P.
name: Abebaw Fekadu
name: Blumberg, Henry M.
name: Marconi, Vincent C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist.
Thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture of charged AdS black hole in the Rastall gravity with pressure
Creators: name: Hu, Xin-Yun
name: He, Ke-Jian
name: Li, Zhong-Hua
name: Li, Guo-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Treating the cosmological constant as a dynamical variable, we investigate the thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC) of a charged AdS black hole (BH) in the Rastall gravity. We determine the energy momentum relation of charged fermion at the horizon of the BH by using the Dirac equation. Based on this relation, we show that the first law of thermodynamics (FLT) still holds as a fermion is absorbed by the BH. However, the entropy of both the extremal and near-extremal BH decreases in the irreversible process, which means that the second law of thermodynamics (SLT) is violated. Furthermore, we verify the validity of the WCCC by the minimum values of the metric function h(r) at its final state. For the extremal charged AdS BH in the Rastall gravity, we find that the WCCC is valid always since the BH is extreme. While for the case of near-extremal BH, we find the WCCC could be violable in the extended phase space (EPS), depending on the value of the parameters of the BH and their variations.
description: 4 figures; accepted by Chin.Phys. B
Diapriidae Haliday 1833
Creators: name: Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio
name: Costa, Valmir Antonio
name: Zucchi, Roberto Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae

description: Family Diapriidae (Hymenoptera, Diaprioidea)   This family comprises about 2,300 species in 197 genera (Johnson 1992; Arias 2003). Most of them are pupal parasitoids on dipterans and are frequently associated with fungi (Masner 2006). Diapriidae is subdivided into four subfamilies. The two species (Co. haywardi and Tr. anastrephae) that are parasitoids of fruit-infesting tephritids in Brazil belong to the subfamily Diapriinae. An illustrated key to genera of the New World Diapriinae, based mostly on Masner & García (2002), is available online (Yoder et al. 2007). Both the genera Coptera and Trichopria are highly speciose, and a revision of the Neotropical fauna is necessary (Ovruski et al. 2000).
 Within the parasitoid species treated here, the Diapriinae are exceptional in their parasitism strategy, because, as opposed to most pupal parasitoids, they are endophagous and, in the few studies observing oviposition stage, allow further development of their hosts (i.e. koinobionts) (Sivinski et al. 1998, Masner 2006). These parasitoids prefer young pupae and are subject to most of the same physiological constraints as other koinobionts, because the pupa is not permanently paralyzed but continues to develop for some time before the parasitoid finally kills it (Sivinski et al. 1998). Most species of Diapriinae recorded on fruit-flies are stenophagous, specialists on species of a single family of Diptera (Ovrurski et al. 2000; Sivinski & Aluja 2012). There is evidence that some species of Coptera could be oligophagous, or even monophagous, using one or a very few species of Rhagoletis as hosts (Forbes et al. 2012). The foraging strategy of pupal parasitoids (i.e., searching and ovipositing in puparia in the soil) is complementary to that of the larval parasitoids, and an interesting trait for biological control when allied with a narrow host range (e.g. Wang et al. 2016), especially when the prey larvae in the fruit are nearly inaccessible to larval parasitoids.
description: Published as part of Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio, Costa, Valmir Antonio & Zucchi, Roberto Antonio, 2020, Annotated checklist and illustrated key to parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae Eulophidae and Pteromalidae) of fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Brazil, pp. 53-70 in Zootaxa 4858 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4411551
Dynamical states in two-dimensional charged dust particle clusters in plasma medium
Creators: name: Maity, Srimanta
name: Deshwal, Priya
name: Yadav, Mamta
name: Das, Amita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of novel dynamical states for a collection of dust particles in two dimensions has been shown with the help of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. The charged dust particles interact with each other with Yukawa pair potential mimicking the screening due to plasma. Additionally, an external radial confining force has also been applied to the dust particles to keep them radially confined. When the particle number is low ( say a few), they get arranged on the radial location corresponding to multiple rings/shells. For specific numbers, such an arrangement of particles is stationary. However, for several cases, the cluster of dust particles relaxes to a state for which the dust particles on rings display inter-shell rotation. For a larger number of dust particles ( a few hundred for instance ) a novel equilibrium state with coherent rigid body displaying angular oscillation of the entire cluster is observed. A detailed characterization of the formation of these states in terms of particle number, coupling parameter, etc., has been provided.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures, accepted in Physical Review E
Investigation of antifreeze proteins as cryoprotectants for ling cod (Ophiodon elongatus) mince and natural actomyosin
Creators: name: Liceaga, Andrea
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Cryoprotectants used commercially to minimize changes in texture and protein properties during freezing and frozen storage of fish typically impart an undesirable sweet taste. Since fish antifreeze proteins (AFP) are known to modify and suppress ice crystal growth, the objective of this study was to evaluate AFP as alternative cryoprotectants for frozen ling cod mince and natural actomyosin (NAM). Mince from ling cod was subjected to freeze-thaw abuse in the absence (control) or presence of AFP (5, 10, 50 or 500 ppm), AFP (50 ppm) with 0.3% phosphates, polyols (4% sucrose + 4% sorbitol or 8% trehalose), or AFP (50 ppm) with polyols (2% sucrose + 2% sorbitol). Freeze-thawed mince with AFP showed higher textural hardness, less salt extractable protein, and higher expressible moisture. These samples also formed a layer of ice crystals, which was not observed in polyol blends or control. Differential scanning calorimetry showed more unbound water in mince with AFP, while Raman spectroscopy indicated increased prevalence of β-sheet and random coil structures at the expense of α-helix. AFP failed to prevent loss of Ca-ATPase activity in NAM following freeze-thaw abuse. AFP solutions were evaluated at ambient and subzero (-0.5, -1.8, -4.0°C) temperatures using Raman spectroscopy. AFGP had small peaks near 1620 and 1674cm⁻¹ attributed to polyproline type-II helix and extended/unordered β-structures, respectively, and a strong band at 1070cm⁻¹ assigned to backbone C-C, C-N stretching and carbohydrate vibrations. Sharpening of the amide I band near 1645cm⁻¹ for AFPI at subzero temperatures showed strengthening of α-helix upon cooling. Strong hydrophobic interactions from aliphatic amino acids were seen at -0.5°C, and hydrogen-bonding and involvement of methyl groups were implicated at subzero temperatures. Frequency shifts in the O-H stretching band of water were observed in the presence of AFP at subzero temperatures. AFP did not prevent ice recrystallization or protein denaturation in fish mince during freeze-thawing. Conformational changes of AFP were observed at subzero temperatures, especially at -0.5°C. This information could be useful to study future applications of AFP in situations where intense ice crystallization formation will be desired or applications such as chemical adjuvants to cryosurgery.
Author guidelines and chapter template - Climate Conscious Lawyers OER project
Creators: name: Dehm, Julia
name: Nay, Zoe
name: Graham, Nicole
name: Chang, Steven
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461007
subject: Open access
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 480202
subject: Climate change law
classificationCode: 4101
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation

description: Chapter template for co-authors of the La Trobe eBureau open textbook: Becoming a climate conscious lawyer. This template is used by editors to ensure consistency, structure, and tone across OER chapters.
Distribution of relaxation times in $α$-phase polyvinylidene fluoride
Creators: name: Tuncer, Enis
name: Wegener, Michael
name: Gerhard-Multhaupt, Reimund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a recently developed numerical method to analyze dielectric-spectroscopy data is applied to $α$-phase polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The numerical procedure is non-parametric and does not contain any of the extensively used empirical formulas mentioned in the literature. The method basically recovers the unknown distribution of relaxation times of the generalized dielectric function representation by simultaneous application of the Monte Carlo integration method and of the constrained least-squares optimization. The relaxation map constructed after the numerical analysis is compared to $α$-phase PVDF data presented in the literature and results of the parametric analysis with a well-known empirical formula.
description: 4 figures, 1 table
The switching behaviour of Finnish co-operative members in relation to their commitment and loyalty
Creators: name: Morfi, Chrysa
name: Ollila, Petri
name: Nilsson, Jerker
name: Surry, Yves
name: Feng, Li
name: Karantininis, Konstantinos
name: Morfi, Chrysa
name: Ollila, Petri
name: Nilsson, Jerker
name: Surry, Yves
name: Feng, Li
name: Karantininis, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: commitment
subject: loyalty
subject: member agricultural co-operatives

description: Social capital is one of the most crucial factors determining the effectiveness of operations in a cooperative organisation. When membership of a cooperative decreases, the financial capital also decreases. An important asset of cooperatives is the commitment and loyalty of their members. Farmers who never switch from one agricultural cooperative organisation to another one or an IOF can be assumed to be highly committed members. Using the ZIP model, this study investigated members’ switching behaviour with respect to five different factors and their links to loyalty.
Additional file 1 of Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for the comprehensive treatment of 1–3 Oligometastatic tumors (SABR-COMET-3): study protocol for a randomized phase III trial
Creators: name: Olson, Robert
name: Mathews, Lindsay
name: Liu, Mitchell
name: Schellenberg, Devin
name: Mou, Benjamin
name: Berrang, Tanya
name: Harrow, Stephen
name: Rohann J. M. Correa
name: Vasudeva Bhat
name: Pai, Howard
name: Mohamed, Islam
name: Miller, Stacy
name: Schneiders, Famke
name: Laba, Joanna
name: Wilke, Derek
name: Sashendra Senthi
name: Louie, Alexander V.
name: Swaminath, Anand
name: Chalmers, Anthony
name: Gaede, Stewart
name: Warner, Andrew
name: Gruijl, Tanja D. De
name: Allan, Alison
name: Palma, David A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1 Appendix 1. World Health Organization Trial Registration Dataset. Appendix 2. Dose constraints for SABR arm
Canonical loop quantization of the lowest-order projectable Horava gravity
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiangdong
name: Yang, Jinsong
name: Ma, Yongge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hamiltonian formulation of the lowest-order projectable Horava gravity, namely the so-called $λ$-$R$ gravity, is studied. Since a preferred foliation has been chosen in projectable Horava gravity, there is no local Hamiltonian constraint in the theory. In contrast to general relativity, the constraint algebra of $λ$-$R$ gravity forms a Lie algebra. By canonical transformations, we further obtain the connection-dynamical formalism of the $λ$-R gravity theories with real $su(2)$-connections as configuration variables. This formalism enables us to extend the scheme of non-perturbative loop quantum gravity to the $λ$-$R$ gravity. While the quantum kinematical framework is the same as that for general relativity, the Hamiltonian constraint operator of loop quantum $λ$-$R$ gravity can be well defined in the diffeomorphism-invariant Hilbert space. Moreover, by introducing a global dust degree of freedom to represent a dynamical time, a physical Hamiltonian operator with respect to the dust can be defined and the physical states satisfying all the constraints are obtained.
description: 8 pages, published version for PRD
Persistence discontinuity in disordered contact processes with long-range interactions
Creators: name: Juhász, Róbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the local persistence probability during non-stationary time evolutions in disordered contact processes with long-range interactions by a combination of the strong-disorder renormalization group (SDRG) method, a phenomenological theory of rare regions, and numerical simulations. We find that, for interactions decaying as an inverse power of the distance, the persistence probability tends to a non-zero limit not only in the inactive phase but also in the critical point. Thus, unlike in the contact process with short-range interactions, the persistence in the limit $t\to\infty$ is a discontinuous function of the control parameter. For stretched exponentially decaying interactions, the limiting value of the persistence is found to remain continuous, similar to the model with short-range interactions.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Strange quark helicity in the proton from chiral effective theory
Creators: name: Wang, X. G.
name: Ji, Chueng-Ryong
name: Melnitchouk, W.
name: Salamu, Y.
name: Thomas, A. W.
name: Wang, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the helicity-dependent strange quark distribution in the proton in the framework of chiral effective theory. Starting from the most general chiral SU(3) Lagrangian that respects Lorentz and gauge invariance, we derive the complete set of hadronic splitting functions at the one meson loop level, including the octet and decuplet rainbow, tadpole, Kroll-Ruderman and octet-decuplet transition configurations. By matching hadronic and quark level operators, we obtain generalized convolution formulas for the quark distributions in the proton in terms of hadronic splitting functions and quark distributions in the hadronic configurations, and from these derive model-independent relations for the leading nonanalytic behavior of their moments. Within the limits of parameters of the Pauli-Villars regulators derived from inclusive hyperon production, we find that the polarized strange quark distribution is rather small and mostly negative.
description: 43 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Yang-Baxter deformations of quandles and racks
Creators: name: Eisermann, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B37, 18D10,20F36,20G42,57M25

description: Given a rack Q and a ring A, one can construct a Yang-Baxter operator c_Q: V tensor V --> V tensor V on the free A-module V = AQ by setting c_Q(x tensor y) = y tensor x^y for all x,y in Q. In answer to a question initiated by D.N. Yetter and P.J. Freyd, this article classifies formal deformations of c_Q in the space of Yang-Baxter operators. For the trivial rack, where x^y = x for all x,y, one has, of course, the classical setting of r-matrices and quantum groups. In the general case we introduce and calculate the cohomology theory that classifies infinitesimal deformations of c_Q. In many cases this allows us to conclude that c_Q is rigid. In the remaining cases, where infinitesimal deformations are possible, we show that higher-order obstructions are the same as in the quantum case.
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol5/agt-5-23.abs.html
Heterogeneous impact of cooperative membership on farmers’ welfare in Rwanda
Creators: name: Verhofstadt, Ellen
name: Maertens, Miet
name: Verhofstadt, Ellen
name: Maertens, Miet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: cooperatives
subject: agriculture
subject: poverty
subject: impact evaluation
subject: Rwanda

description: We study the inclusiveness and effectiveness of land and marketing cooperatives in Rwanda. We use cross-sectional household survey data and apply propensity-score-matching techniques to estimate the effect of cooperative membership on household income and poverty. Unlike most impact studies, we look beyond mean income and poverty effects and evaluate impact heterogeneity. We find that cooperatives are exclusive to some extent but effective in increasing income and reducing poverty. Effects vary with farm size and distance to the market; which calls for strategies to promote cooperative formation in remote areas but not for increasing the inclusiveness of cooperatives towards land-poor households.
Experimental diagnostics of entanglement swapping by a collective entanglement test
Creators: name: Trávníček, Vojtěch
name: Bartkiewicz, Karol
name: Černoch, Antonín
name: Lemr, Karel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper reports on experimental diagnostics of entanglement swapping protocol by means of collective entanglement witness. Our approach is suitable to detect disturbances occurring in the preparation of quantum states, quantum communication channel and imperfect Bell-state projection. More specifically we demonstrate that our method can distinguish disturbances such as depolarization, phase-damping, amplitude-damping and imperfect Bell-state measurement by observing four probabilities and estimating collective entanglement witness. Since entanglement swapping is a key procedure for quantum repeaters, quantum relays, device-independent quantum communications or entanglement assisted error correction, this can aid in faster and practical resolution of quality-of-transmission related problems as our approach requires less measurements then other means of diagnostics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
The impact of package size on consumption
Creators: name: Cakir, Metin
name: Balagtas, Joseph Valdes
name: Okrent, Abigail M.
name: Cakir, Metin
name: Balagtas, Joseph Valdes
name: Okrent, Abigail M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: consumer behavior
subject: food consumption
subject: package downsizing
subject: difference-in-difference

description: Using consumer panel data we explore the impact of food package size on food-at-home consumption. We exploit food manufacturer package downsizing strategy to track shifts in household purchase volume before and after package size changes. Focusing on shelf-stable tuna and peanut butter markets, we design a difference-in-difference analysis to compare the changes in purchase volume of products that are affected by package downsizing (treatment group) to the changes in purchase volume of products that are not affected by package downsizing (control group). Our main finding is that on average smaller package size significantly reduced household purchase volume in both product categories. This result implies that package size is positively correlated with food-at-home consumption, which is consistent with results of the experimental studies showing that larger package sizes lead to higher usage volume compared with smaller package sizes.
A quantum secret sharing scheme with verifiable function
Creators: name: Liu, Li-Juan
name: Li, Zhi-Hui
name: Han, Zhao-Wei
name: Zhi, Dan-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the $\left( {t,n} \right)$ threshold quantum secret sharing scheme, it is difficult to ensure that internal participants are honest. In this paper, a verifiable $\left( {t,n} \right)$ threshold quantum secret sharing scheme is designed combined with classical secret sharing scheme. First of all, the distributor uses the asymmetric binary polynomials to generate the shares and sends them to each participant. Secondly, the distributor sends the initial quantum state with the secret to the first participant, and each participant performs unitary operation that using the mutually unbiased bases on the obtained $d$ dimension single bit quantum state ($d$ is a large odd prime number). In this process, distributor can randomly check the participants, and find out the internal fraudsters by unitary inverse operation gradually upward. Then the secret is reconstructed after all other participants simultaneously public transmission. Security analysis show that this scheme can resist both external and internal attacks.
Ageing Well Public Talk Series 2023 -Talk 5. Memory and spending time outdoors - Accessible Version
Creators: name: Langton, Alice
name: Vseteckova, Jitka
name: broad, Ellie
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420301
subject: Aged health care
classificationCode: 420303
subject: Family care
classificationCode: 420305
subject: Health and community services
classificationCode: 420304
subject: General practice
classificationCode: 420307
subject: Health counselling
classificationCode: 420309
subject: Health management
classificationCode: 420311
subject: Health systems
classificationCode: 420316
subject: Palliative care
classificationCode: 420399
subject: Health services and systems not elsewhere classified

description: In this talk Ellie and Jitka will discuss how we can boost our memory while staying outdoors. This is an accessible version of the presentation slides available at: https://doi.org/10.21954/ou.rd.25002770.v1

Dr Jitka Vseteckova - Senior Lecturer Health and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education & Language Studies, The Open University. Jitka has longstanding interest and passion in researching ageing and engaging with public. 

Ms Ellie Broad - Project Engagement Officer, The Parks Trust. Ellie has been working at The Parks Trust as community engagement officer for the Great Linford Manor Park Heritage Fund project, which focuses on engaging people living with dementia in our community.
Author guidelines and chapter template - Climate Conscious Lawyers OER project
Creators: name: Chang, Steven
name: Dehm, Julia
name: Nay, Zoe
name: Graham, Nicole
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 461007
subject: Open access
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 480202
subject: Climate change law
classificationCode: 4101
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation

description: Chapter template for co-authors of the La Trobe eBureau open textbook: Becoming a climate conscious lawyer. This template is used by editors to ensure consistency, structure, and tone across OER chapters.
Differentiation in demand with different food retail formats
Creators: name: Widenhorn, Andreas
name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Widenhorn, Andreas
name: Salhofer, Klaus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: food retailing
subject: discount stores
subject: dynamic probit analysis
subject: demand elasticities

description: Recently, discount stores have gained importance in food retailing. We investigate whether certain types of consumers have turned towards particular formats, both in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and responsiveness to price changes. The distinctiveness of discount consumers is analyzed utilizing dynamic probit models with Heckman-type selection to estimate the factors influencing a household’s propensity to visit a discount store and its overall spending in discounters. In addition, we estimate price and expenditure elasticities for nine product groups in discounters and supermarkets based on a two-step estimation method account for censoring in the food budget shares. Our results indicate that income constraints play a key role in the choice of discount stores, while differences in the overall price levels lead to higher frequentation of discounters. The latter effect tends to be mainly driven by demand responses in supermarkets, where demand for all nine considered product groups is found to be statistically more responsive to inner-format price changes than demand within discount stores. However, we find that discount store demand increases significantly stronger as supermarket prices go up, than is the case for supermarket demand when discount store prices are raised.
Ageing Well Public Talk Series 2023 -Talk 5. Boosting our memory while staying outdoors - Accessible Version
Creators: name: Langton, Alice
name: Vseteckova, Jitka
name: broad, Ellie
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420301
subject: Aged health care
classificationCode: 420303
subject: Family care
classificationCode: 420305
subject: Health and community services
classificationCode: 420304
subject: General practice
classificationCode: 420307
subject: Health counselling
classificationCode: 420309
subject: Health management
classificationCode: 420311
subject: Health systems
classificationCode: 420316
subject: Palliative care
classificationCode: 420399
subject: Health services and systems not elsewhere classified

description: In this talk Ellie and Jitka will discuss how we can boost our memory while staying outdoors. This is an accessible version of the presentation slides available at: https://doi.org/10.21954/ou.rd.25002770.v1

Dr Jitka Vseteckova - Senior Lecturer Health and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education & Language Studies, The Open University. Jitka has longstanding interest and passion in researching ageing and engaging with public. 

Ms Ellie Broad - Project Engagement Officer, The Parks Trust. Ellie has been working at The Parks Trust as community engagement officer for the Great Linford Manor Park Heritage Fund project, which focuses on engaging people living with dementia in our community.
Variety and the cost of search in supermarket retailing
Creators: name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Yonezawa, Koichi
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Yonezawa, Koichi
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: consumer search
subject: variety
subject: retail prices
subject: attribute search
subject: market power

description: It is generally not optimal for consumers to become perfectly informed about all prices and all available products in a multi-product retail environment when search is costly. We examine the link between the cost of search and product variety o¤ered by multi-product retailers. Using a hierarchical model in which consumers search among stores and then among brands, we nd statistically signi cant costs both for search among stores and for brands within a store. We also nd that the costs of search rise with variety, suggesting that retailers may improve their market power by increasing assortment depth.
title: Executive Migration Governance and Law-making in the European Union: Towards a State of Exception
Creators: name: Halilovic, Aida
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: EU executive governance
subject: migration management
subject: EU agencies
subject: EU crises
subject: state of emergency
subject: state of exception

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2024 9(2), 513-527
description: I. Introduction. – II. The rise of executive migration governance in the EU. – III. Emergency: when soft law creates law. The example of the hotspots. – IV. From emergency to exception: on the abnormal normalisation of executive governance. – V. Conclusion.
description: : In the name of effectiveness, European Union (EU) governance has long departed from the traditional approach of governing through law, venturing onto new paths of making and discharging policies across different policy fields. Through new and creative governance, networked governance, and gov-ernance through agencies, flexibility and functionalism have become the new paradigms of EU govern-ance. This is particularly striking in the interiors area, including internal security and migration, where the fuzziness of the constitutional framework leaves wide margins to new governance approaches to intervene to “fill the gaps”. Failing to achieve harmonization through law (because of the high sovereign sensitivity and politicization), EU governance turned to harmonization through practices, trying to in-crease trust and boost cooperation on a practical level playing field. While legislative production regu-lating the core of EU asylum and migration is still scarce (i.e., regulating the substance of migration), hard law provisions mushroom when it comes to empowering agencies, regulating operational cooper-ation, or harmonizing practices across the EU (i.e., regulating the administration of migration). The ac-tual management of migration occurs then within this latter executive/administrative dimension. Ana-lysing (executive) migration governance in terms of whether it achieved its original intents (effective-ness and depoliticization) would only tell something about its goodness of fit, and little about its good-ness. In light of the incessant crises that have hit the EU, this Article reflects on the close-to-Schmittian state of exception, that is fuelling an increasingly creative governance in the Union.
Additional file 1 of Feel4Diabetes healthy diet score: development and evaluation of clinical validity
Creators: name: Virtanen, Eeva
name: Kivelä, Jemina
name: Wikström, Katja
name: Christina-Paulina Lambrinou
name: Miguel-Etayo, Pilar De
name: Huys, Nele
name: Vraukó-Tóth, Katalin
name: Moreno, Luis A.
name: Usheva, Natalya
name: Chakarova, Nevena
name: Rado, Sándorné A.
name: Iotova, Violeta
name: Makrilakis, Konstantinos
name: Cardon, Greet
name: Liatis, Stavros
name: Manios, Yannis
name: Lindström, Jaana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Feel4Diabetes dietary questions used in the development of the Healthy Diet score.
Ideas for future liquid Argon detectors
Creators: name: Ereditato, A.
name: Rubbia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We outline a strategy for future experiments on neutrino and astroparticle physics based on the use, at different detector mass scales (100 ton and 100 kton), of the liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) technique. The LAr TPC technology has great potentials for both cases with large degree of interplay between the two applications and a strong synergy. The ICARUS R&D programme has demonstrated that the technology is mature and that one can built a large ($\sim$ 1 kton) LAr TPC. We believe that one can conceive and design a very large mass LAr TPC with a mass of 100 kton by employing a monolithic technology based on the use of industrial, large volume cryogenic tankers developed by the petro-chemical industry. We show a potential implementation of a large LAr TPC detector. Such a detector would be an ideal match for a Superbeam, Betabeam or Neutrino Factory, covering a broad physics program that could include the detection of atmospheric, solar and supernova neutrinos, and search for proton decays, in addition to the rich accelerator neutrino physics program. In parallel, physics is calling for another application of the LAr TPC technique at the level of 100 ton mass, for low energy neutrino physics and for use as a near station setup in future long baseline neutrino facilities. We present here the main physics objectives and outline the conceptual design of such a detector.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, Invited talk at the Third International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few GeV Region, NUINT04, March 2004, Gran Sasso, Italy
Radial Distribution of Dust Grains Around HR 4796A
Creators: name: Wahhaj, Z.
name: Koerner, D. W.
name: Backman, D. E.
name: Werner, M. W.
name: Serabyn, E.
name: Ressler, M. E.
name: Lis, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-dynamic-range images of circumstellar dust around HR 4796A that were obtained with MIRLIN at the Keck II telescope at lambda = 7.9, 10.3, 12.5 and 24.5 um. We also present a new continuum measurement at 350 um obtained at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. Emission is resolved in Keck images at 12.5 and 24.5 um with PSF FWHM's of 0.37" and 0.55", respectively, and confirms the presence of an outer ring centered at 70 AU. Unresolved excess infrared emission is also detected at the stellar position and must originate well within 13 AU of the star. A model of dust emission fit to flux densities at 12.5, 20.8, and 24.5 um indicates dust grains are located 4(+3/-2) AU from the star with effective size, 28+/-6 um, and an associated temperature of 260+/-40 K. We simulate all extant data with a simple model of exozodiacal dust and an outer exo-Kuiper ring. A two-component outer ring is necessary to fit both Keck thermal infrared and HST scattered-light images. Bayesian parameter estimates yield a total cross-sectional area of 0.055 AU^2 for grains roughly 4 AU from the star and an outer-dust disk composed of a narrow large-grain ring embedded within a wider ring of smaller grains. The narrow ring is 14+/-1 AU wide with inner radius 66+/-1 AU and total cross-sectional area 245 AU^2. The outer ring is 80+/-15 AU wide with inner radius 45+/-5 AU and total cross-sectional area 90 AU^2. Dust grains in the narrow ring are about 10 times larger and have lower albedos than those in the wider ring. These properties are consistent with a picture in which radiation pressure dominates the dispersal of an exo-Kuiper belt.
description: Accepted by Astrophysical Journal (Part1) on September 9, 2004. 13 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables