Pseudosinella ambigua Zeppelini & Brito & Lima 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zeppelini, Douglas
name: Brito, Roniere A.
name: Lima, Estevam C. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Collembola
Entomobryomorpha
Entomobryidae
Pseudosinella
Pseudosinella ambigua

description: Pseudosinella ambigua sp. nov.   
Figs 17–25, Table 1 and 2  
 Type material. Holotype adult male on slide, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo (19°37′4″S, 44°2′34″W), Holc-99, Limestone Cave, 02–14.VII.2016, leg. Carste Team. Holotype deposited at CRFS-UEPB # 10505.   
Paratype adult, male on slide Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, (19°37′4″S, 44°2′34″W) Holc-0106, Limestone cave, 02–14.VI.2016, leg. Carste Team. Paratype deposited at CRFS-UEPB # 10506.  
 Additional material (deposited in CRFS-UEPB):   
Adult female on slide, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Conceição do Mato Dentro (43°25'30"W; 19°02'13"S). CSS-0113, Iron cave, 31.V–12.VI.2016, leg. Carste Team, CRFS-UEPB # 10500 and #10501.  
Adult, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Serra do Gandarela, (43°39’08”W; 20°02’28”) Gand-038, Limestone cave, 14.VII–18.X.2016, leg. Carste Team, CRFS-UEPB # 10504.  
Adult, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pains, (45°36’31”W; 20°21’24”) ICPA-018, Limestone cave, 18.III–06.IV.2013. leg. Bueno, CRFS-UEPB # 10503.  
Adult, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Matozinhos, (44°05’34”W; 19°31’56”) BM98, Limestone Cave, 15.VIII– 08.IX.2016, Spelayon Team. Holotype deposited at CRFS-UEPB # 10502.  
 Description. Color Pattern: White, without pigment. Total length of Holotype (head and body) 1115µm, other measurements in Table 1. Scale present on head, body and ventral face of furca; absent from antennae, legs and collophore.   
 Head: Eyes absent. Antennae ~ 1.4× head length. Ant. II–IV with many blunt sensilla, most sensilla long and slender, some short and stout (Fig. 17). Ant. IV apical papilla absent; subapical sense organ with a type a sensillum (Fig. 17), guard sensillum shorter than organ sensillum. Apical sense organ of Ant. III with 2 type b sensilla, surrounded by 3 type l and 1 type h sensilla and guarded by two macrochaetae. Head dorsally (Fig. 18) with 6 macrochaetae in series An; anterior unpaired A0-1 and paired A2–3 as macrochaetae, paired A5 as microchaeta, A4 absent. Posterior chaetae all small and slender microchaetae but for a posterior marginal line of macrochaetae. Labral chaetotaxy Pl,p,m,a 5,5,4,4, Pl and p ciliated, m and a roughly serrated. Basal and distal chaetae of maxillary palp smooth and subequal; lateral process of labial papilla E (sensillum Ip) curled anteriorly around the base of E, just reaching the tip of the papillae.   
Labial triangle chaetae as A1–4 M1M2–EL1L2, all labial chaetae ciliate, microseta r absent (Fig. 19). Postlabial area with 11 macrochaetae each side.  
 Body: Body macrochaetae 00/0100+2. Metathorax sensillum as long and slender. Abd. I with a1, a4, a5, a6, as, m2–6, p5 and p6, sensillum as large and blunt (Figs 20 and 21). Abd. II with macrochaetae m3, m3e and m4; trichobothria Tm2 and Ta5 each with 3 supplementary (a2, a2i, a2ii and a6, a6i, a6ii) fan-shaped chaetae; a3 smooth and slender reaching microsensillum as, as present next to a2; microchaeta p4, m6 and p5–7 smooth (Fig. 20). Abd. III with macrochaetae m6 and p6; trichobothria Tm2, Ta5 and Tm5 with 4,4,3 fan-shaped supplementary chaetae; a2 fan-shaped; a3 internal and not reaching as; as large, rodlike and blunt, bigger than m3; sensilla d2 present (Fig. 20). Abd. IV inner macrochaetae A6, B5 and T2 present, C1 normal; macrochaeta B5 anterior to pseudopore, aligned to T4. Trichobothrial complex a and m chaetae present, s absent, supplementary chaetae a, m and D1; chaeta D1p slender, D2 slender and bristlelike, longest of all chaetae in trichobothrial complex. D4–D5, E2–5, F3 and F5 as large lateral macrochaetae (Fig. 21).   
Legs: Metatrochanteral organ with up to 8 short chaetae in V shape and 2 lateral microchaeta, other 10 ciliate mesochaetae present. Third unguis as in Fig. 22, tenent hair flat and truncate, 1.5× as long as unguiculus; all ungues with 2 unpaired apical inner teeth and a paired basal tooth close to the mid-length of the inner lamella. Unguiculus lanceolate, posteriorly serrated at the apex (Fig. 22).  
Ventral Tube: Anterior surface (Fig. 23) bears 3 paired chaetae next to the ventral groove and 7 short apical chaetae. Posterior surface with 6 apical and 6 subapical chaetae (Fig. 24).  
Furca: Manubrium and dens chaetae all ciliated. Distal manubrial plate with 3 inner chaetae, 2 pseudopores and 2 outer chaetae. Mucro with 2 teeth, distal teeth slightly smaller than basal one, basal spine long and smooth, reaching the tip of basal tooth (Fig. 25).  
 Etymology: The species is called ‘ ambigua ’ by causing some confusion during the chaetotaxic analysis until it was separated from P. guanhaensis sp. nov.   
 Distribution and habitat. Good’s Biogeographic zone 27 (Good 1974; Culik & Zeppelini 2003), the climate is ‘as’ (Köppen 1936; Shear 1966). Pseudosinella ambigua sp. nov. is found both in limestone and iron caves. There is a record of the new species in soil litter outside caves in Lagoa Santa, MG. Once again the caves where the species is found are too small with no environmental conditions to drive a species to insulation or develop troglomorphisms. As the species is found in the MSS and soil litter it is likely that the morphology results from the dwelling in shallow subterranean spaces instead.   
 Remarks. Pseudosinella ambigua sp. nov. can be differentiated from other blind Pseudosinella (P. josemarii Soto-Adames, 2010, P. meganporteri Soto-Adames, 2010, P. sera Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980, P. certa Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980, P. argentea Folsom, 1902) by the presence of 3 macrochaetae on Abd. II (Table 2) and the sensillum Ip of the labial palp is curled around the papilla. The macrochaetae S and T on head is similar to P. megaporteri, they can be distinguished in the basis of the tenent hair, which is acuminate in the P. megaporteri and flat and clavate in P. ambigua sp. nov., and the former species presents macrochaetae in the thorax as a diagnostic character. The position of the inner teeth on ungues is also a differential character for the new species. A comparison among blind Pseudosinella species is given in Table 2.
description: Published as part of Zeppelini, Douglas, Brito, Roniere A. & Lima, Estevam C. A., 2018, Three new species of Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) from Central Brazilian shallow caves: side effects of long term application of environmental law on conservation, pp. 59-81 in Zootaxa 4500 (1) on pages 69-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5296753