cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Why are women under-represented in the British House of Commons and the Sejm of the Republic of Poland
Creators: name: Opyd, Dorota
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2016

description: This study explores the reasons for gender inequality in the lower chambers of the British and Polish Parliaments. The barriers to women’s political advance are investigated through elite interviews with women MPs with the aim of identifying and exploring the socio-cultural, socio-economic and structural factors which account for gender imbalance in national parliaments. The research examines these factors from the perspectives of those most involved: the women MPs. Through qualitative, semi-structured interviews, I examine the similarities and differences in the views of women politicians from countries with different electoral systems, contrasting models of equality guarantees and different historical and democratic cultures. The findings from the study illustrate the impact of cultural stereotypes on women who seek to join the political arena, the influence that media bias in the representation of women’s political activity has on female politicians and the extent of the restrictions associated with a male dominated environment. This research also addresses structural difficulties such as electoral systems and different types of equality provisions introduced in each country to help women parliamentary candidates. In addition, this study provides some indication of the way forward for the achievement of gender parity. The results provide clear support for the argument that gender balance cannot be achieved without challenging stereotypes and, most of all, without introducing measures to educate young girls on political careers. Within the same context, the biases of the media in promoting gender stereotypes and the untouchable power of social media have been identified. The findings also suggest a need to re-think the use of gender quotas, supporting these as a short-term solution but resisting the involvement of governments in gender equality issues, indicating that this should be dealt with by the political parties. The thesis also offers insights into the importance of behavioural patterns that men and women in power have learned though their socialisation, an issue largely missed in the existing literature.
A comparison of syntheses approaches towards functional polycrystalline silicate ceramics
Creators: name: Kamutzki, Franz
name: Bekheet, Maged F.
name: Schneider, Sven
name: Gurlo, Aleksander
name: Hanaor, Dorian A.H.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: silicate ceramics
subject: synthesis
subject: sol-gel
subject: co-precipitation
subject: solid-state reaction
subject: multifunctional

description: This study aims to shed light on processing pathways towards functional silicate ceramics, which show some promise in various emerging applications, including dielectrics and bioactive implant materials. Polycrystalline silicate ceramics of Neso-, Soro- and Inosilicate families were synthesised by three different techniques: (i) a co-precipitation method, (ii) a modified sol-gel method and (iii) standard solid-state reactions. Co-precipitated samples show increased sintering and densification behaviour compared to sol-gel and solid-state methods, with diametral shrinkage values during sintering of 28.8%, 13.3% and 25.0%, respectively. Well-controlled phase formation in these ceramics was most readily achieved through the steric entrapment of cations and shorter diffusion pathways afforded by the modified Pechini-type sol-gel method. Substituting Zn2+ for Mg2+ in enstatite samples was found to enhance the formation of orthoenstatite during cooling, which is otherwise very slow. We present guidelines for the design of synthesis methods that consider the requirements for different functional silicate ceramics in terms of phase formation and microstructure.
Short-Packet Communications over Multiple-Antenna Rayleigh-Fading Channels
Creators: name: Durisi, Giuseppe
name: Koch, Tobias
name: Östman, Johan
name: Polyanskiy, Yury
name: Yang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the current interest in ultra-reliable, low-latency, machine-type communication systems, we investigate the tradeoff between reliability, throughput, and latency in the transmission of information over multiple-antenna Rayleigh block-fading channels. Specifically, we obtain finite-blocklength, finite-SNR upper and lower bounds on the maximum coding rate achievable over such channels for a given constraint on the packet error probability. Numerical evidence suggests that our bounds delimit tightly the maximum coding rate already for short blocklengths (packets of about 100 symbols). Furthermore, our bounds reveal the existence of a tradeoff between the rate gain obtainable by spreading each codeword over all available time-frequency-spatial degrees of freedom, and the rate loss caused by the need of estimating the fading coefficients over these degrees of freedom. In particular, our bounds allow us to determine the optimal number of transmit antennas and the optimal number of time-frequency diversity branches that maximize the rate. Finally, we show that infinite-blocklength performance metrics such as the ergodic capacity and the outage capacity yield inaccurate throughput estimates.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures; to appear in IEEE Transactions on Communications; the numerical routines used for the simulation results are part of SPECTRE (short-packet communication toolbox) and can be downloaded at https://github.com/yp-mit/spectre
title: Women's experiences of vulvodynia: a meta-ethnography of existing literature and an Interpretative phenomenological analysis of the journey towards diagnosis.
Creators: name: Shallcross, Rebekah
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2016

description: Vulvodynia is a common idiopathic pain experienced by women, in the external female genitalia (or vulval) area. Despite being encountered by around 16% of women, research relating to vulvodynia is limited. This thesis focuses on qualitative research pertaining to women’s experiences of vulvodynia, with particular attention paid to any psychological sequelae. The thesis is comprised of two papers; the first paper is written in preparation for submission to Archives of Sexual Behaviour and the second paper for submission to Qualitative Research in Psychology. Paper 1 uses systematic search strategies and meta-ethnography in order to identify, analyse and summarise the existing qualitative literature pertaining to any aspect of women’s experiences of vulvodynia. Reciprocal and refutational analysis of the papers is used to draw together the key findings of the papers, comparing and contrasting in order to develop a line of argument, moving beyond the sum of the parts of the original texts and providing fresh interpretation for the reader. The line of argument is considered in relation to the clinical implications for women with vulvodynia and potential future research is discussed. Paper 2 uses Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) in order to conduct original research aimed at exploring women’s experiences of their journey towards a diagnosis of vulvodynia, addressing a gap in the research identified by the literature review. In line with IPA methodology, the researcher adopts a critical realist position in order to understand the experiences of women with vulvodynia within the context of the healthcare system, itself set within the wider societal context. The findings are summarised into three over-arching master themes, which are further discussed in relation to existing research while also considering clinical implications.
Microformal geometry and homotopy algebras
Creators: name: Voronov, Theodore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the category of (super)manifolds and their smooth mappings by introducing a notion of microformal or "thick" morphisms. They are formal canonical relations of a special form, constructed with the help of formal power expansions in cotangent directions. The result is a formal category so that its composition law is also specified by a formal power series. A microformal morphism acts on functions by an operation of pullback, which is in general a nonlinear transformation. More precisely, it is a formal mapping of formal manifolds of even functions (bosonic fields), which has the property that its derivative for every function is a ring homomorphism. This suggests an abstract notion of a "nonlinear algebra homomorphism" and the corresponding extension of the classical "algebraic-functional" duality. There is a parallel fermionic version. The obtained formalism provides a general construction of $L_{\infty}$-morphisms for functions on homotopy Poisson ($P_{\infty}$-) or homotopy Schouten ($S_{\infty}$-) manifolds as pullbacks by Poisson microformal morphisms. We also show that the notion of the adjoint can be generalized to nonlinear operators as a microformal morphism. By applying this to $L_{\infty}$-algebroids, we show that an $L_{\infty}$-morphism of $L_{\infty}$-algebroids induces an $L_{\infty}$-morphism of the "homotopy Lie--Poisson" brackets for functions on the dual vector bundles. We apply this construction to higher Koszul brackets on differential forms and to triangular $L_{\infty}$-bialgebroids. We also develop a quantum version (for the bosonic case), whose relation with the classical version is like that of the Schrödinger equation with the Hamilton--Jacobi equation. We show that the nonlinear pullbacks by microformal morphisms are the limits at $\hbar\to 0$ of certain "quantum pullbacks", which are defined as special form Fourier integral operators.
description: LaTeX 2e. 47 p. Some editing of the exposition
title: Classifications of the free fermionic heterotic string vacua
Creators: name: Sonmez, Hasan
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: The existence of discrete properties is shown in the landscape of the Free-Fermionic Heterotic-String vacua. These were discovered via the classification of the SO(10) GUT gauge group and its subgroups, such as, the Pati-Salam, the Flipped SU(5) and the SU(4)×SU(2)×U(1) models. The classification is carried out by fixing a set of basis vectors and then varying the GGSO projection coefficients entering the one-loop partition function. The analysis of the models is facilitated by deriving algebraic expressions for the GGSO projections to enable a computerised analysis of the entire String spectrum and the scanning of large spaces of vacua. The analysis reveals an abundance of 3 generation models with exophobic String vacua. This is observed with the SO(10) and the Pati-Salam models. Contrary to this, the Flipped SU(5) models contained no exophobic vacua with an odd number of generations. Moreover, it is also observed that the SU(4)×SU(2)×U(1) models are substantially more constrained and that no generations exist. The analysis of the SU(3)×U(1)×SU(2)×U(1) and the SU(3)×U(1)×SU(2)×SU(2) models are being examined, which is work in progress, that are expected to generate further interesting phenomenology.
title: Fetal Heart Rate Detection with a Passive Acoustic Sensor System
Creators: name: Zhou, Zongyao
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1995

description: Research and development is presented of real time signal processing methodologies for the detection of fetal heart tones from noise contaminated signals obtained from passive acoustic sensors. A nonlinear Teager energy operator is utilized for detection of the fetal heart tone event. Autocorrelation and a parallel redundancy correction algorithm derives fetal heart rates. A real time monitoring system is described which records and plots the time history of both the fetal heart rate and the acoustic fetal heart signal. The system is validated in the context of the fetal nonstress test. Comparisons are made with ultrasonic nonstress tests on a series of patients. Comparative data show the clinical reliability of the system for real time detection of fetal heart rates.
Rectangular maximum-volume submatrices and their applications
Creators: name: Mikhalev, A.
name: Oseledets, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A15, 41A45, 65F20

description: We introduce a definition of the volume for a general rectangular matrix, which for square matrices is equivalent to the absolute value of the determinant. We generalize results for square maximum-volume submatrices to the case of rectangular maximal-volume submatrices, show connection of the rectangular volume with optimal experimental design and provide estimates for the growth of the coefficients and approximation error in spectral and Chebyshev norms. Three promising applications of such submatrices are presented: recommender systems, finding maximal elements in low-rank matrices and preconditioning of overdetermined linear systems. The code is available online.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables, submitted to Linear Algebra and its Applications
k-Step Nilpotent Lie Algebras
Creators: name: Goze, Michel
name: Remm, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B30

description: The classification of complex of real finite dimensional Lie algebras which are not semi simple is still in its early stages. For example the nilpotent Lie algebras are classified only up to the dimension 7. Moreover, to recognize a given Lie algebra in a classification list is not so easy. In this work we propose a different approach to this problem. We determine families for some fixed invariants, the classification follows by a deformation process or contraction process. We focus on the case of 2 and 3-step nilpotent Lie algebras. We describe in both cases a deformation cohomology of this type of algebras and the algebras which are rigid regarding this cohomology. Other $p$-step nilpotent Lie algebras are obtained by contraction of the rigid ones.
description: 18 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1201.2674
Lorentzian Quantum Reality: Postulates and Toy Models
Creators: name: Kent, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe postulates for a novel realist version of relativistic quantum theory or quantum field theory in Minkowski space or other background spacetimes with suitable asymptotic properties. We illustrate their application in toy models.
description: Published version
On the anomalous torque applied to a rotating magnetized sphere in a vacuum
Creators: name: Beskin, V. S.
name: Zheltoukhov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the torque applied to a rotating magnetized sphere in a vacuum. It is shown that for the correct determination of one of the torque's component the angular momentum of the electromagnetic field within the body should be taken into account.
description: 10 pages, typo in Eqn (74) is eliminated
title: Are patient attachment orientations mediating factors in changes to their attitudes towards seeking professional help to manage emotional distress?
Creators: name: Clarke, Suzanne
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2016

description: Attachment style has been highlighted as a potential influence over cancer patients’ willingness to access services, and their perception of support available. The object of this review is to systematically review and synthesise published literature relating to the relationship of cancer patients’ attachment style and adjustment to cancer. Methods: Electronic database and reference searches were conducted to identify published literature relating to the review’s objective. Search terms were simply “Attachment” and “Cancer”. Results: A total of 3,831 papers were identified, with 25 papers meeting criteria and included in the review. Papers were filtered through by hand, eliminating: duplications; non experimental studies; articles not published in peer review journals; articles relating to medical (e.g. cell attachment) and non-human attachment; participant samples who were not adult cancer patients; and studies which did not use an adult attachment measure. Conclusion: Due to heterogeneity in the study designs, and variation in attachment and wellbeing measures used, there are significant difficulties making coherent conclusive summaries of the results. The review does suggest that cancer patients with more secure attachment orientations, thus lower attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, are less susceptible to poorer wellbeing, and perceive available support more favourably. In general the results are consistent with existing literature reviewing attachment behaviour outside of cancer settings. Practice Implications: More research is needed to determine what individual difference may influence cancer patients’ wellbeing, and the influences the individual differences have on the patients seeking/ receiving the support they may want and/or need.
title: Video Stabilization Based on Speeded-Up Robust Features
Creators: name: Zhou, Minqi
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2011

description: With the advancement of science and technology, portable devices using video cameras are becoming more popular. Videos captured by ordinary commercial cameras always suffer from undesired motion which results from human hand shaking and mobile platform vibration. The undesired motion would not only blur the image degrading the image quality leading to inaccurate results in automatic object recognition and tracking, but also make it difficult for people to focus on specific object regions. It is also a possibility that one may feel dizzy while watching shaky video for a long time. Many hardware and software methodologies have been developed by several researchers for stabilization of shaky video, but an accurate methodology for real time stabilization of video streams by software means is still an important need.

An innovative and effective video stabilization method based on feature point extraction and tracking is presented in this thesis. We employ speeded-up robust features (SURF) as a feature detector to extract the feature points from each frame in a video. To improve the performance of video stabilization, we adopt Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) which eliminates wrong matching interest points and feature points belonging to moving objects that cannot reflect the real camera motion. These refined interest points would be used to estimate the inter-frame motion parameters. The estimated camera motion is eventually filtered through Adaptive Motion Vector Integration to separate the undesired camera motion from intentional shaky motion. In addition, to improve the quality of video streams captured under poor illumination, we use the Adaptive Integrated Neighborhood Dependent Approach for Nonlinear Enhancement (AINDANE) technique to boost image brightness and to stretch the image contrast.

Experimental results conducted on several video streams confirm the effectiveness of the proposed video stabilization method in terms of accuracy and speed performance when compared with other state of the art feature based stabilization techniques. Research work is in progress to apply the proposed video stabilization technique as a preprocessing stage for automatic object detection, tracking and identification specifically from videos captured in a maritime environment.
title: Export Induced Spatial Divergence
Creators: name: Casper, Jonas
name: Li, Lei
name: Luo, Jinfeng
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2023

description: How does export liberalization affect firm location choice and the spatial concentration of economic activity? We address these questions using the geo-coordinates of Chinese manufacturing firms and find that export widens inter-city and intra-city spatial disparities by reinforcing initially large industry centers. We first show that there has been an increased spatial concentration across cities in response to improved foreign market access. Only industry city pairs that were large initially increase their employment density following trade liberalization. Second, there has also been an increased spatial concentration within cities. For a given industry, districts closer to city centers are getting denser, mainly driven by the extensive margin. Third, the above effects are not exclusive to industries directly exposed to export shocks but also spill over positively to upstream and downstream industries and negatively to industries competing for the same workers locally.
THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF VICTOR HUGO (FRENCH NOVELIST) AND JULIA KRISTEVA (BULGARIAN-FRENCH PSYCHOANALYST) TO THE EXPLORATION OF DESPAIR AND SUICIDE IN LITERATURE
Creators: name: Shukurova, Sabokhat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article explores the contributions of Victor Hugo, a prominent French novelist, and Julia Kristeva, a Bulgarian-French psychoanalyst, to the themes of despair and suicide in literature. Hugo's works, particularly Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, illustrate the profound impact of societal injustices on individual suffering, while Kristeva's psychoanalytic approach emphasizes the relationship between language, identity, and psychological distress. Together, their insights provide a comprehensive understanding of how literature reflects and shapes the discourse surrounding despair and suicide.
Dynamic dielectric response of electrorheological fluids in drag flow
Creators: name: Horváth, B.
name: Szalai, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have determined the response time of dilute electrorheological fluids (ER) in drag flow from the dynamic dielectric response. On the basis of a kinetic rate equation a new formula was derived to approximate the experimental time-dependent dielectric permittivity during the temporal evolution of the microstructure. The dielectric response time was compared to the standard rheological response time extracted from the time-dependent shear stress, and a good agreement was obtained. We found that the dielectric method is more sensitive to detect any transient during the chain formation process. The experimental saturation value of the dielectric permittivity corresponding to the equilibrium microstructure was estimated on the basis of formulas derived from the Clausius-Mossotti equation.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
title: Assessing the Interaction Between Earthquake Faults and Jack-Up Rigs
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Oakes, Katy J.
Publisher: name: University of Dundee
Year: 2022

description: This PhD thesis investigated the interaction between normal and reverse dip-slip faults and jack-up rigs. Finite-element methodologies (FEM) have been developed and validated against geotechnical centrifuge experiments which were specifically conducted by the author for this thesis. The PhD investigated the fault rupture–soil–foundation–structure interaction (FRSFSI) of a complete three-legged jack-up with spudcan foundations in sand.

During an earthquake two events occur, the ground permanently displaces along the fault and dynamic oscillations (i.e. seismic shaking) propagate away from the fault slip-line. Prior to ISO 19905-1 (ISO, 2012), there was no procedure or requirement for jack-ups to be assessed under seismic loading and, the influence of the fault displacement upon the structure is not considered at all. Jack-ups are currently operational, with personnel on-board, in seismically active regions across the world, are we good at avoiding rupturing faults, or are we just lucky?

Several numerical models were developed using the commercially available software Abaqus CAE. A global model containing a full three-legged rig with three spudcan foundations captured the whole structural response as the fault propagated and ruptured at, or near to the spudcans. Further to this, a simplified spring model was developed in order to reduce analysis time. After validating both procedures with centrifuge experiments, parametric investigations were conducted to investigate the influence of rig-fault proximity in order to improve understanding of the structural response. When considering a known fault rupture outcrop, or with the assumption that the outcrop can be predicted (which may be problematic given the uncertainties regarding bedrock location and propagation through soil) non-operation envelopes/zones could be developed, within which significant structural distress would be expected.

Interestingly, the presence of the structure caused significant diversion, bifurcation and diffusion of the fault beneath the spudcan footing, but often this was not enough to divert the fault away from the bounds of the structure. Depending on how close the structure was positioned to the fault, the rig experienced a variable amount of structural distress in the form of hull pitching and displacements, whilst the legs underwent significant changes in the axial force and bending moments.

Understanding the fault rupture-soil-foundation-structure interaction (FRSFSI) is critical when attempting to develop platform design and risk mitigation strategies. The findings may be used alongside other hazard risk mitigation strategies deployed during site investigations and assessments of rig operations. The numerical procedures can be adapted in order to investigate faulting interactions with other infrastructure such as pipelines, cables and wind turbines.
title: Tiered laboratory analyses for common infections to characterize febrile morbidity not related to malaria in Sierra Leone
Creators: name: Ansumana, Rashid
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2016

description: In tropical Africa, fever is commonly associated with malaria. However, there are many other illnesses presenting with fever. Non-malaria febrile illnesses (NMFIs) may be attributable to multiple etiologic agents including viral, bacterial and parasitic infections in malaria-endemic resource-poor countries. NMFIs pose challenges to peripheral health systems such that they are clinically under-diagnosed while malaria remains over-diagnosed. Misdiagnoses of a febrile condition may lead to wrong prescription that delays treatment and increases expenditure on health-care and also leads to increased morbidity and mortality. In Sierra Leone, dealing with infections other than malaria remain a serious problem, starting from diagnosis to providing care. Several factors make it difficult to test and treat for NMFIs. Fewer febrile people report their fevers to healthcare centers and there are fewer resources generally which include: fewer laboratories, insufficiently trained laboratory technicians, inadequate standardized infrastructure and unsuitable equipment, epileptic power supplies as well as poor cold-chain storage conditions for reagents among others. The primary goal of this Ph.D. study was to investigate the prevalence/incidence of NMFIs in Bo, Sierra Leone, using a tiered laboratory analyzes method. The specific objectives were to: investigate the types and etiology of non-malarial febrile illnesses in Bo, Sierra Leone; determine the prevalence/incidence of non-malarial pathogens causing febrile illnesses, and investigate the distribution of NMFIs. The study started with a baseline and syndromic survey of all households in the study community (n=882 households with 5410 persons). A total cohort of 1403 persons was recruited and followed for a period of one year. After obtaining informed-consent, bio-samples were obtained from febrile subjects and used for laboratory analyses involving three tiers. The first tier (T1) included the use of rapid, lateral flow assays (RLFAs). T1 tests were: chikungunya, malaria, typhoid fever, syphilis, HIV, hepatitis A, B and C, dengue fever, leptospirosis, influenza A and B, RSV and Streptococcus aureus. Subsequent tests at Tier 2 included singleplex and multiplex PCR and bacterial culture; with resequencing pathogen microarray at Tier 3. From the initial survey 882 households with 5410 individuals and 76.6% reported having malaria in a month prior to the study. About 1402 (25.9%) of persons in participating households were reported to have had a fever within the past six months. The rate of fever reported differed by age group and sex, with young children having the highest rate (p
title: Estimating stable fixed points and Langevin potentials for financial dynamics
Creators: name: Wand, Tobias
name: Wiedemann, Timo
name: Harren, Jan
name: Kamps, Oliver
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 530 Physics

description: The geometric Brownian motion (GBM) is a standard model in quantitative finance, but the potential function of its stochastic differential equation (SDE) cannot include stable nonzero prices. This article generalizes the GBM to an SDE with polynomial drift of order 𝑞 and shows via model selection that 𝑞=2 is most frequently the optimal model to describe the data. Moreover, Markov chain Monte Carlo ensembles of the accompanying potential functions show a clear and pronounced potential well, indicating the existence of a stable price.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Universität Münster.
Astrophysical Probes of the Vainshtein Mechanism: Stars and Galaxies
Creators: name: Koyama, Kazuya
name: Sakstein, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ghost-free theories beyond the Horndeski class exhibit a partial breaking of the Vainshtein mechanism inside non-relativistic sources of finite extent. We exploit this breaking to identify new and novel astrophysical probes of these theories. Non-relativistic objects feel a gravitational force that is weaker than that predicted by general relativity. The new equation of hydrostatic equilibrium equation is derived and solved to predict the modified behaviour of stars. It is found that main-sequence stars are dimmer and cooler than their general relativity counterparts but the red giant phase is largely indistinguishable. The rotation curves and lensing potential of Milky Way-like galaxies are calculated. The circular velocities are smaller than predicted by general relativity at fixed radius and the lensing mass is larger than the dynamical mass. We discuss potential astrophysical probes of these theories and identify strong lensing as a particularly promising candidate.
description: Updated to correct mistake in equation (33) that changed figures 1-4
Exact testing with random permutations
Creators: name: Hemerik, Jesse
name: Goeman, Jelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G09

description: When permutation methods are used in practice, often a limited number of random permutations are used to decrease the computational burden. However, most theoretical literature assumes that the whole permutation group is used, and methods based on random permutations tend to be seen as approximate. There exists a very limited amount of literature on exact testing with random permutations and only recently a thorough proof of exactness was given. In this paper we provide an alternative proof, viewing the test as a "conditional Monte Carlo test" as it has been called in the literature. We also provide extensions of the result. Importantly, our results can be used to prove properties of various multiple testing procedures based on random permutations.
title: FFAGs and synchrotrons for proton therapy: a comparative study
Creators: name: Edmonds, Chris
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Accelerators play a key role in the delivery of radiotherapy for treatment of cancer and other medical conditions. Proton therapy has the benefit of more localised delivery of dose to deep seated tumour volumes in comparison to treatment using x-rays or electrons. The accelerators currently used for proton therapy are cyclotrons and synchrotrons, which each have certain advantages and disadvantages. It has been proposed that accelerators of a fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG) design may combine some of the advantages and avoid some of the disadvantages of the existing machines. This thesis looks at the use of synchrotrons as a benchmark for the delivery of proton therapy, and then at how FFAGs may improve upon treatment delivery. Particular attention is paid to the beam dynamics issues, including comparisons between simulations and experimental data taken with the EMMA non-scaling FFAG at Daresbury. The results of the comparisons show that simulation is able to predict the behaviour of a particle bunch in a real machine. The simulation tools are then used to evaluate the design of FFAGs incorporating resonant extraction techniques. In principle, resonant extraction could overcome some problems of kicker based extraction methods. The design study highlights technical challenges that would need to be overcome before resonant extraction could be implemented as a beneficial method for a proton therapy FFAG.
Supplementary document for Strain coupling of a single exciton to a nano-optomechanical resonator - 7108583.pdf
Creators: name: Lodde, Matteo
name: Veldhoven, Rene
name: Verhagen, Ewold
name: Fiore, Andrea
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental document
Simulation of Plasma Injector Module for Plasma Assisted Combustion in scramjet
Creators: name:  ANCELIN ROCAMORA
name:   JULIEN LABAUNE
name:   FABIEN THOLIN
name:   AYMERIC BOURLET
name:   CHRISTOPHE LAUX
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: COMBUSTION
PLASMA
SUPERSONIC

description: Plasma-assisted combustion (PAC) is an exciting way of improving the stabilisation of supersonic combustion and fuel-oxidant mixing in a scramjet, especially during transient modes. However, coupling hydrodynamic and electric physic makes the numerical approach difficult. The article aims to model the operation of a Plasma Injector Module (PIM) developed on the SBR-50 test facility by S. Leonov in a complete combustion chamber within a reasonable computing time. The approach will reproduce similar arc morphology as the experiment. Then the mixing effect efficiency will be studied through the arc positioning. Finally, the mechanism of one restrike will be detailed.
Spectral Multiplicity for Maaß Newforms of Non-Squarefree Level
Creators: name: Humphries, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F12 (primary), 11F72 (secondary)

description: We show that if a positive integer $q$ has $s(q)$ odd prime divisors $p$ for which $p^2$ divides $q$, then a positive proportion of the Laplacian eigenvalues of Maass newforms of weight $0$, level $q$, and principal character occur with multiplicity at least $2^{s(q)}$. Consequently, the new part of the cuspidal spectrum of the Laplacian on $Γ_0(q) \backslash \mathbb{H}$ cannot be simple for any odd non-squarefree integer $q$. This generalises work of Stromberg, who proved this for $q = 9$ by different methods.
description: 29 pages. To appear in International Mathematics Research Notices
Large Magellanic Cloud Near-Infrared Synoptic Survey. I. Cepheid variables and the calibration of the Leavitt Law
Creators: name: Macri, Lucas M.
name: Ngeow, Chow-Choong
name: Kanbur, Shashi M.
name: Mahzooni, Salma
name: Smitka, Michael T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observational details and first results of a near-infrared (JHKs) synoptic survey of the central region of the Large Magellanic Cloud using the CPAPIR camera at the CTIO 1.5-m telescope. We covered 18 sq. deg. to a depth of Ks~16.5 mag and obtained an average of 16 epochs in each band at any given location. Our catalog contains more than 3.5x10^6 sources, including 1417 Cepheid variables previously studied at optical wavelengths by the OGLE survey. Our sample of fundamental-mode pulsators represents a 9-fold increase in the number of these variables with time-resolved, multi-band near-infrared photometry. We combine our large Cepheid sample and a recent precise determination of the distance to the LMC to derive a robust absolute calibration of the near-infrared Leavitt Law for fundamental-mode and first-overtone Cepheids with 10x better constraints on the slopes relative to previous work. We also obtain calibrations for the Tip of the Red Giant Branch and the Red Clump based on our ensemble photometry which are in good agreement with previous determinations.
description: v3 contains small changes to the published results (~0.04, 0.025, 0.017 mag in JHKs, respectively) arising from a correction to the values of total-to-selective absorption. Erratum has been submitted to AJ. Data products available at http://faculty.physics.tamu.edu/lmacri/LMCNISS/
title: The Co-operative model town society; history, planning, architecture and social character of an indigenous garden suburb in colonial Lahore.
Creators: name: Anbrine, Shama
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: This thesis investigates the Co-operative Model Town Society Lahore; a town covering an area of around 2000 acres developed in the 1920’s in the (then) suburbs of Lahore, capital of Punjab province in British India. The Town is a remarkable interpretation of Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City ideals and the co-operative principles. However, the real significance of the town is it being a unique example of a co-operative garden town built by the local Indian bourgeois, majority of whom were forced to migrate due to the disturbances that followed after the declaration of independence to India and Pakistan in 1947. Despite the admiration and significance of the Town in the realm of pre and post-Independence Lahore, very little has been documented about it. Its formal documented history is non-existent while its original built environment, an excellent example to illustrate late-colonial architecture in the region, is diminishing rapidly due to negligence and reconstructions. The aim of this research is the documentation of history, urban form, social character and architecture of the pre-independence Model Town. Consequently, through an analysis of its built environment this study intends to develop an insight into the colonizer-colonized cultural transfers, in particular, to the transformation of British town planning ideas in the colonies due to their interpretation by the local Indians under the influence of prevalent religious, cultural and social practices. The research was conducted by the process of historical construction, whereby evidences from the documents and the built environment have been used collectively to develop the historiography of the town. The selection of primary material has been based on its availability as the documentary evidences are scattered across Pakistan, India and the UK. The built environment has been documented using the official drawings as well as onsite surveys and measurements where the original drawings are unavailable. The Town has been analysed in a comparative setting with respect to contemporary urban, architectural and social trends and practices prevalent locally ( both by the colonial rulers and the colonized natives) as well as global movements, especially Western ideologies and perspectives and their retrospect local adaptations. The documentation and analysis were used as a ground for four interpretative conclusions. The first conclusion elaborates on the need of urban historiography in Pakistan. The second conclusion interprets the Model Town in the realm of twentieth century urban planning in the region. The third conclusion elaborates on the colonial architectural styles. The fourth conclusion gives an insight into the Model Town with reference to western styled ‘Indian’ nationalism.
Aerodynamic simulation of the near-field of an aircraft using different mesh adaptation strategies
Creators: name:  BOUHAFID YOUNES
name:   BONNE NICOLAS
name:   JACQUIN LAURENT
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: RANS
NEAR-FIELD AERODYNAMICS
MESH ADAPTATION
CONTRAILS

description: The formation of condensation trails (contrails) from aircraft emissions at high altitudes and their subsequent evolution can have a significant impact on climate. Understanding the evolution of contrails in the near field of an aircraft requires simulations that accurately solve the microphysics of ice formation, dilution due to jet dynamics, and rolling-up of the plume around the wing-tip vortices pair. Anisotropic mesh adaptation techniques can be used to better resolve regions of high flow gradients such as wing-tip vortices, shear layers, vorticity sheets and shock waves, enabling more accurate predictions of the formation and evolution of contrails and their impact on the atmosphere and climate. This paper presents a comparison of three different mesh adaptation strategies based on different sensors. Simulations of the near field of the Common Research Model configuration with jet engines during cruise flight are carried out for each sensor. Their accuracy is evaluated by predicting the wing-tip vortex circulation, lift, and drag coefficients of the aircraft and thermodynamic quantities inside the engine jet. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the potential of mesh adaptation for RANS simulations of the flow field in the near field of an airliner up to twenty wingspans behind the wing.
The effect of marine growth and damage severity on the modal parameters of offshore wind turbine supporting structures: An experimental study
Creators: name: Jahjouh, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: Neringa : JVE International Ltd.
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Marine growth
subject: Modal analysis
subject: Offshore structures
subject: Stochastic subspace identification
subject: Structural health monitoring
subject: Wind turbines
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: This contribution investigates the effect of marine growth and damage severity on the modal parameters of a scaled experimental model of a monopile used in supporting offshore wind turbines. A quick glimpse of the literature review reveals that this topic has not been well investigated as the majority of previous research focuses on the effect of marine growth on the hydrodynamic loads transferred to the test structure, with little focus on its effect on the modal parameters of a structure. Nevertheless, from a monitoring standpoint, it is important to differentiate between the effect of marine growth and damage on the modal parameters, especially when these parameters are used as damage indicators, further improving existing structural health monitoring techniques in determining if the changes observed in modal parameters are caused by actual damage rather than the growth of marine organisms with time. The results provided in this contribution provide differences between the effect of marine growth and damage, which is recommended to be included in current monitoring techniques. Furthermore, a recommendation to investigate the effect of damage on damping and, possibly, the potential of using changes in damping characteristics as damage indicators is also made.
title: What have fractals got to do with it? individual differences in aesthetic responses
Creators: name: Street, Nichola
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: This project examines the application of fractal geometry to understanding aesthetic response to the visual environment. Fractals have been established as contributing to positive experiences both in response to art and nature, including aesthetic judgment. Taylor et al (2011) established that preferences for fractal patterns appear to consistently fall within the mid-range of fractal dimension (D1.3-1.5) others have found that preference for fractal complexity is linear (Forsythe et al., 2011). Here aesthetic responses to fractal patterns are tested in cross-cultural and sub-cultural settings with the aim of validating claims that mid-range fractal dimension a predictor of positive aesthetic response. This thesis has three overarching aims; the first to validate the mid-range hypothesis proposed by Taylor et al (2011) compared with other linear models of fractal preference, secondly to determine the relationship between visual complexity and fractal dimension, and finally a series of studies will explore the impact of individual difference on our aesthetic relationship with fractal patterns, these included Culture, Environmental Classification, Gender and Age. The 6 studies within this thesis demonstrate the progression of the research journey to arrive at the final conclusions of this thesis. Studies confirms the hypothesised relationship between fractal dimension and visual complexity, the fractal stimulus and GIF compression complexity scores as significantly correlated (r=-0.92, p
Implications of the scalar tilt for the tensor-to-scalar ratio
Creators: name: Creminelli, Paolo
name: Dubovsky, Sergei
name: Nacir, Diana López
name: Simonović, Marko
name: Trevisan, Gabriele
name: Villadoro, Giovanni
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible implications of the measured value of the scalar tilt $n_s$ for the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ in slow-roll, single-field inflationary models. The measured value of the tilt satisfies $n_s -1\sim 1/N_*$, where $N_* \sim 60$ is the number of $e$-folds for observationally relevant scales. If this is not a coincidence and the scaling holds for different values of $N$, it strongly suggests that either $r$ is as big as $10^{-1}$ (a possibility in tension with the recent data), or smaller than $10^{-2}$ and exponentially dependent on $n_s$. A large region of the ($n_s$,$r$) plane is not compatible with this scaling.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. Published version
Birational splitting and algebraic group actions
Creators: name: Popov, Vladimir L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: According to the classical theorem, every irreducible algebraic variety endowed with a nontrivial rational action of a connected linear algebraic group is birationally isomorphic to a product of another algebraic variety and ${\bf P}^s$ with positive $s$. We show that the classical proof of this theorem actually works only in characteristic $0$ and we give a characteristic free proof of it. To this end we prove and use a characterization of connected linear algebraic groups $G$ with the property that every rational action of $G$ on an irreducible algebraic variety is birationally equivalent to a regular action of $G$ on an affine algebraic variety.
description: Acknowledgements added