cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pselaphaulax sherpa Löbl & Kodada 2021, n. sp.
Creators: name: Löbl, Ivan
name: Kodada, Ján
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Pselaphaulax
Pselaphaulax sherpa

description:  Pselaphaulax sherpa n. sp. (Figs 22, 23) Holotype ♂: NEPAL Kosi ELamjura Pass, 2950 m, 21.X.1984, L. Deharveng (MHNG). Etymology. The species epithet refers to the ethnic group living mainly in Eastern Nepal. Description. Length about 1.70 mm. Most characters as in S. eklai. Head longer, 1.45 times as long as wide. Eyes about as long as temples, with 10 facets. Maxillary palpomere IV somewhat shorter than head. Length/width ratio of antennomeres as: I 26/11: II 11/8: III 6/6: IV 6/6: V 6/6: VI 6/6: VII 7/6: VIII 7/6: IX 1208: X 10/9: XI 24/13. Pronotum distinctly shorter than head, long as wide. Elytral carinae longer and more distinct, reaching apical fourth. Tergite Ishorter than head, with nearly oblique lateral margins. Male characters. Mesal area of metaventrite impressed, glabrous, delimited by high lateral ridges gradually narrowed to acute tip. Aedeagus (Figs. 22, 23) 0.28 mm long, with median lobe oval, apical process short, weakly bent and gradually narrowed in lateral view. Parameres weakly sclerotized, in axis with median lobe, strongly widened, in lateral view widest posterior apical third, with single apical seta. Internal sac lacking sclerotized structures or spinose membranes. Measurements of the holotype (in mm). Total length 1.45; length/width of head 0.38/0.27, pronotum 0.32/0.32, elytra 0.36/0.61 (0.23), tergite I 0.35/0.75; length of maxillary palpomere IV 0.32, length of aedeagus 0.28. Distribution. Eastern Nepal. Comments. This species may be distinguished from P. eklai by the longer head, the eyes long as temples, the antennomeres III to VI long as wide, the pronotum long as wide, the discal carinae of elytra longer, extending onto apical fourth of the disc, the aedeagus much smaller, with broader parameres bearing each a single apical seta, and the internal sac lacking sclerotized structures.
description: Published as part of Löbl, Ivan & Kodada, Ján, 2021, On the Himalayan Pselaphini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), pp. 349-368 in Biodiversität und Naturausstattung im Himalaya VII, Erfurt :Naturkundemuseum on page 356, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5793818
Making Markets for Development Rights Work: What Determines Demand?
Creators: name: Kopits, Elizabeth
name: McConnell, Virginia D.
name: Walls, Margaret
name: Kopits, Elizabeth
name: McConnell, Virginia D.
name: Walls, Margaret
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: TDRs
subject: density
subject: zoning
subject: subdivisions

description: Many economists see current land use patterns as inefficient due to various market failures, and planners argue that current patterns do not follow sound planning practice. One policy of interest to both groups is transferable development rights (TDR). TDRs allow the development rights from land that is preserved in an undeveloped state to be transferred to other areas where development can be made denser. This paper addresses one of the greatest difficulties TDR programs face-insufficient demand. We develop a simple theoretical model and estimate a TDR demand function using data from Calvert County, Maryland, one of the only regions where data on individual sales are available. We find that baseline zoning is a critical determinant of TDR demand- demand is high in low-density rural areas but not in the relatively high-density residential areas. We also identify many subdivision characteristics that are significant in explaining TDR use.
Two new close (sep~3arcsec) and nearby common parallax and proper motion pairs at d~15pc (F1+M4_phot) and d~11pc (M4.5+T1_phot) in Gaia EDR3
Creators: name: Scholz, Ralf-Dieter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Bimary stars -- Brown dwarfs -- Solar neighbourhood

description: Among 88 nearby stars at d<20pc with lacking colours but
 measured parallaxes in Gaia EDR3 we found two new close
 (separations~3arcsec) common parallax and proper motion
 (CPPM) companions. The companion of a nearby
 (d=14.98pc) F1 star, HD 105452 B, was already imaged
 with the Hubble Space Telescope and now confirmed with Gaia.
 We classified it photometrically as M4 dwarf.
 The other CPPM companion, SCR J1214-2345 B orbits an M4.5
 dwarf at d=10.77pc and represents the faintest brown dwarf
 discovery with Gaia. It was imaged in the
 VISTA Hemisphere Survey and partly detected in the
 near-infrared. Our photometric classification of
 T1+-3 needs spectroscopic confirmation.
description: A corresponding short paper was published in RNAAS: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2515-5172/abea23 (see also: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00144 )
Adoption of Clean Leather-Tanning Technologies in Mexico
Creators: name: Blackman, Allen
name: Blackman, Allen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: clean technology
subject: leather tanning
subject: developing country
subject: Mexico

description: In many developing countries, a host of financial, institutional, and political factors hamstring conventional environmental regulation. Given these constraints, a promising strategy for controlling pollution is to promote the voluntary adoption of clean technologies. Although this strategy has received considerable attention in policy circles, empirical research on the adoption of clean technologies in developing countries is limited. This paper presents historical background and original survey data on the adoption of five clean tanning technologies by a sample of 137 leather tanneries in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, a city where tanneries have serious environmental impacts and conventional environmental regulation has repeatedly failed to mitigate the problem. The analysis suggest that rather than top-down public-sector pressure and technical assistance, the key factor driving the adoption of clean tanning technologies in Leon is the bottom-up dissemination of information about the cost and quality benefits of the technologies.
Mortality Risk Valuation for Environmental Policy
Creators: name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Alberini, Anna
name: Cropper, Maureen L.
name: Simon, Nathalie B.
name: Itaoka, Kenshi
name: Akai, Makoto
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Alberini, Anna
name: Cropper, Maureen L.
name: Simon, Nathalie B.
name: Itaoka, Kenshi
name: Akai, Makoto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: mortality risk valuation
subject: contingent valuation
subject: Japan

description: Most benefit-cost analyses of reductions in air pollutants and other pollutants carrying mortality risks rely on estimates of the value of reductions in such risks produced by compensating wage studies, or contingent valuation studies that value risk reductions in the context of transport or job-related accidents. As we argue below, these estimates are inappropriate when valuing risk changes produced by environmental programs. The objectives of this paper are to explain why these estimates are inappropriate and to describe an improved approach to valuing reductions in risk of death from environmental programs, especially programs to reduce air pollution. We have implemented this approach in a pilot study in Tokyo, Japan. The paper provides estimates of the value of a statistical life based on the pilot study and describes extensions of the approach based on test results. Our preliminary results from the Tokyo pilot indicate that individuals are able to distinguish between different magnitudes of small changes in mortality risks and between the same change in these risks occurring at different times (although the latter has not yet been subjected to an external scope test). Changes to the survey and a big increase in sample size may improve performance on the internal validity tests and the results of the scope tests. Although the current results can only be considered suggestive, if they were to remain after administration of the survey to a larger sample and subject to some other caveats, they would imply that the VSL's currently used in benefit-cost analyses of environmental policies are significant overestimates.
Irreducible cosmic production of relic vortons
Creators: name: Auclair, Pierre
name: Peter, Patrick
name: Ringeval, Christophe
name: Steer, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of a scaling network of current-carrying cosmic strings in our Universe is expected to continuously create loops endowed with a conserved current during the cosmological expansion. These loops radiate gravitational waves and may stabilise into centrifugally supported configurations. We show that this process generates an irreducible population of vortons which has not been considered so far. In particular, we expect vortons to be massively present today even if no loops are created at the time of string formation. We determine their cosmological distribution, and estimate their relic abundance today as a function of both the string tension and the current energy scale. This allows us to rule out new domains of this parameter space. At the same time, given some conditions on the string current, vortons are shown to provide a viable and original dark matter candidate, possibly for all values of the string tension. Their mass, spin and charge spectrum being broad, vortons would have an unusual phenomenology in dark matter searches.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures, uses jcappub. Discussions and references added, matches published version
Grounding implementation science in health equity for cancer prevention and control
Creators: name: Emmons, Karen
name: Shelton, Rachel C.
name: Oh, April
name: Leeman, Jennifer
name: Adsul, Prajakta
name: Ramanadhan, Shoba
name: Soler, Montserrat
name: Torres, Essie
name: Wheeler, Stephanie
name: Escoffery, Cam
name: Brandt, Heather M.
name: Fleischer, Linda
name: Korn, Ariella R.
name: Baquero, Barbara
name: Chambers, David
name: Fernandez, Maria E.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description:
Background The past decade of research has seen theoretical and methodological advances in both implementation science and health equity research, opening a window of opportunity for facilitating and accelerating cross-disciplinary exchanges across these fields that have largely operated in siloes. In 2019 and 2020, the National Cancer Institute’s Consortium for Cancer Implementation Science convened an action group focused on ‘health equity and context’ to identify opportunities to advance implementation science. In this paper, we present a narrative review and synthesis of the relevant literature at the intersection of health equity and implementation science, highlight identified opportunities (i.e., public goods) by the action group for advancing implementation science in cancer prevention and control, and integrate the two by providing key recommendations for future directions. Discussion In the review and synthesis of the literature, we highlight recent advances in implementation science, relevant to promoting health equity (e.g., theories/models/frameworks, adaptations, implementation strategies, study designs, implementation determinants, and outcomes). We acknowledge the contributions from the broader field of health equity research and discuss opportunities for integration and synergy with implementation science, which include (1) articulating an explicit focus on health equity for conducting and reviewing implementation science; (2) promoting an explicit focus on health equity in the theories, models, and frameworks guiding implementation science; and (3) identifying methods for understanding and documenting influences on the context of implementation that incorporate a focus on equity. Summary To advance the science of implementation with a focus on health equity, we reflect on the essential groundwork needed to promote bi-directional learning between the fields of implementation science and health equity research and recommend (1) building capacity among researchers and research institutions for health equity-focused and community-engaged implementation science; (2) incorporating health equity considerations across all key implementation focus areas (e.g., adaptations, implementation strategies, study design, determinants, and outcomes); and (3) continuing a focus on transdisciplinary opportunities in health equity research and implementation science. We believe that these recommendations can help advance implementation science by incorporating an explicit focus on health equity in the context of cancer prevention and control and beyond.
SuperTracer: A Calculator of Functional Supertraces for One-Loop EFT Matching
Creators: name: Fuentes-Martin, Javier
name: König, Matthias
name: Pagès, Julie
name: Thomsen, Anders Eller
name: Wilsch, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present SuperTracer, a Mathematica package aimed at facilitating the functional matching procedure for generic UV models. This package automates the most tedious parts of one-loop functional matching computations. Namely, the determination and evaluation of all relevant supertraces, including loop integration and Dirac algebra manipulations. The current version of SuperTracer also contains a limited set of output simplifications. However, a further reduction of the output to a minimal basis using Fierz identities, integration by parts, simplification of Dirac structures, and/or light field redefinitions might still be necessary. The code and example notebooks are publicly available at https://gitlab.com/supertracer/supertracer.
description: 38 pages, 1 figure. The code and example notebooks are publicly available at https://gitlab.com/supertracer/supertracer
title: Duty to warn for genetic testing: the importance of understanding harm when practically applying The president's commission standards of disclosure
Creators: name: Byrne, Kristen
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: The field of genetics is unique as test results reveal information about multiple individuals. When a hereditary condition is identified, healthcare professionals face an ethical dilemma between their duty of confidentiality toward their patients and their moral obligation to warn relatives of possible harm. The standards developed by The 1983 President's Commission1 guide healthcare professionals with this decision-making process. This thesis will argue that these standards of disclosure are defensible in the face of common criticisms of genetic information disclosure and are a good guide for health care professionals challenged with this ethical dilemma. However, there are challenges when practically applying these standards because of the standards’ reliance on the notion of harm. Harm is complex, and when using the standards, we must distinguish between a harmful action and a wrongful action. This thesis will argue that this distinction must be made when practically applying these standards to avoid a mistake in our understanding of the situation. An improper understanding would result in a moral dilemma as the rights of another would be infringed upon in an unjustified manner.
Pselaphaulax Reitter 1909
Creators: name: Löbl, Ivan
name: Kodada, Ján
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Pselaphaulax

description: Key to the Himalayan Pselaphaulax Pronotum with lateral sulci between lateral antebasal foveae and basal margin. Maxillary palpomere IV with sensory area in apical circular notch........................................... 2 Pronotum lacking lateral sulci. Maxillary palpomere IV with sensory area in apicolateral V-shaped notch.........species Head longer than pronotum. Antennomeres III to VI each long as wide. Internal sac of aedeagus with sclerotized structures.................................................  P. sherpa n. sp. Head slightly shorter than pronotum. Antennomeres III to VI each longer than wide. Internal sac of aedeagus with sinuate rod..................................................  P. eklai n. sp.
description: Published as part of Löbl, Ivan & Kodada, Ján, 2021, On the Himalayan Pselaphini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), pp. 349-368 in Biodiversität und Naturausstattung im Himalaya VII, Erfurt :Naturkundemuseum on page 357, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5793818
How Important is Technological Innovation in Protecting the Environment?
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Fischer, Carolyn
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Fischer, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Economists have speculated that the welfare gains from technological innovation that reduces the future costs of environmental protection could be a lot more important than the "Pigouvian" welfare gains over time from correcting a pollution externality. If so, then a primary concern in the design of environmental policies should be the impact on induced innovation, and a potentially strong case could be made for additional instruments such as research subsidies. This paper examines the magnitude of the welfare gains from innovation relative to the discounted Pigouvian welfare gains, using a dynamic social planning model in which research and development (R&D) augments a knowledge stock that reduces future pollution abatement costs. We find that the discounted welfare gains from innovation are typically smaller and perhaps much smaller than the discounted Pigouvian welfare gains. This is because the longrun gain to innovation is bounded by the maximum reduction in abatement costs and, since R&D is costly, it takes time to accumulate enough knowledge to substantially reduce abatement costs. Only in cases when innovation substantially reduces abatement costs quickly (by roughly 50% within 10 years) and the Pigouvian amount of abatement is initially modest, can the welfare gains from innovation exceed the welfare gains from pollution control. These results apply for both flow and stock pollutants, and for linear and convex environmental damage functions. Our results suggest that spurring technological innovation should not be emphasized at the expense of achieving the optimal amount of pollution control. More generally, our results appear to have implications for a broad range of policy issues. They suggest that the welfare gains from innovation that reduces the costs of supplying any public good (defense, crime prevention, infrastructure, etc.) may be fairly small relative to those from providing the optimal amount of the public good over time.
Low field nano-NMR via three-level system control
Creators: name: Cerrillo, Javier
name: Casado, Santiago Oviedo
name: Prior, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional control strategies for NV centers in quantum sensing are based on a two-level model of their triplet ground state. However, this approach fails in regimes of weak bias magnetic fields or strong microwave pulses, as we demonstrate. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel control sequence that exploits all three levels by addressing a hidden Raman configuration with microwave pulses tuned to the zero-field transition. We report excellent performance in typical dynamical decoupling sequences, opening up the possibility for nano-NMR operation in low-field environments.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
Approximate reasoning for real-time probabilistic processes
Creators: name: Gupta, Vineet
name: Jagadeesan, Radha
name: Panangaden, Prakash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; D.2.8; D.4.8; G.3

description: We develop a pseudo-metric analogue of bisimulation for generalized semi-Markov processes. The kernel of this pseudo-metric corresponds to bisimulation; thus we have extended bisimulation for continuous-time probabilistic processes to a much broader class of distributions than exponential distributions. This pseudo-metric gives a useful handle on approximate reasoning in the presence of numerical information -- such as probabilities and time -- in the model. We give a fixed point characterization of the pseudo-metric. This makes available coinductive reasoning principles for reasoning about distances. We demonstrate that our approach is insensitive to potentially ad hoc articulations of distance by showing that it is intrinsic to an underlying uniformity. We provide a logical characterization of this uniformity using a real-valued modal logic. We show that several quantitative properties of interest are continuous with respect to the pseudo-metric. Thus, if two processes are metrically close, then observable quantitative properties of interest are indeed close.
description: Preliminary version appeared in QEST 04
Emissions Trading with Telecommuting Credits: Regulatory Background and Institutional Barriers
Creators: name: Nelson, Peter
name: Nelson, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: telecommuting
subject: emissions trading

description: The 1999 National Telecommuting and Air Quality Act created pilot programs in five metropolitan areas in the United States to examine whether a particular type of economic incentive, tradable emissions credits created from telecommuting, represents a viable strategy for reducing vehicle miles traveled and improving air quality (H.R. 2094, 2000). Under the ecommute program, companies could generate emissions credits by reducing the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) of their workforce through telework programs. They would then be able to sell the credits to firms that needed the reductions to comply with air quality regulations. This paper provides some context for evaluating whether such a trading scheme represents a feasible approach to reducing mobile source emissions and promoting telecommuting and reviews the limited experience with mobile source emission trading programs. From a regulatory perspective, the most substantial drawback to such a program is its questionable environmental integrity, which is a result of difficulties in establishing sufficiently rigorous quantification protocols to measure accurately the emission reductions from telecommuting. Perhaps more importantly, such a program is not likely to be cost-effective; the emissions reductions from a single telecommuter are extremely small, meaning that any trading program will have relatively high transaction costs to environmental benefits. A comparison of estimated emission reductions from the five pilot cities with historical and projected emission credit and allowance prices indicates that the yearly revenue per participant is likely to be well under $100, substantially below what firms participating in the program said would be an adequate incentive to induce a substantial increase in telecommuting. This discussion paper is the final paper in a series of four on telecommuting published in by RFF in December 2004. In discussion paper 04-42, Walls and Nelson analyze data from five pilot cities enrolled in the "ecommute" program. In 04-43 Safirova and Walls examine the 2002 Telework survey conducted in California and, in 04-44, these authors review the empirical literature on telecommuting with a focus on trip reduction impacts. The studies by RFF are part of a larger report on the ecommute program completed by the Global Environment and Technology Foundation (GETF) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. More information about the overall project can be found on the ecommute/GETF website: http://www.ecommute.net/program/.
MergeURL: An Effective URL Merging and Shortening Service
Creators: name: Mehant Kammakomati
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multiple URLs belonging to the same purpose can become cumbersome to display, share, and handle. In this paper we describe MergeURL, an n-tier application to merge and shorten multiple URLs instantly overcoming the barriers of authentication and registration process while not compromising with security and resistance to data redundancy.
Impact of Low-Resolution ADC on DOA Estimation Performance for Massive MIMO Receive Array
Creators: name: Shi, Baihua
name: Chen, Nuo
name: Zhu, Xicheng
name: Qian, Yuwen
name: Zhang, Yijin
name: Shu, Feng
name: Wang, Jiangzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we present a new scenario of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) receive array with low-resolution analog-to-digital convertors (ADCs), which can strike a good balance between performance and circuit cost. Based on the linear additive quantization noise model (AQNM), the effect of low-resolution ADCs on the methods, such as Root-MUSIC method, is analyzed. Also, the closed-form expression of Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived to evaluate the performance loss caused by the low-resolution ADCs. The simulation results show that the Root-MUSIC methods can achieve the corresponding CRLB. Furthermore, 2-3 bits are acceptable for most applications if the 1dB performance loss.
Effects of Different Propagation Materials and Cultivation Years on the Yield of Polygonatum odoratum under the Forest
Creators: name: LIU Yunwei
name: WANG Hongxue
name: DONG Shang
name: LIU Yunwei
name: WANG Hongxue
name: DONG Shang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Propagation materials, Cultivation years, Polygonatum odoratum, Yield, Effects

description: This paper mainly studies the effects of different propagation materials and cultivation years on the yield of Polygonatum odoratum under the forest. In this study, the cultivation experiment of P. odoratum was carried out by using the stem tip, stem body and seeds of P. odoratum as propagation materials. The yield of P.odoratum in different cultivation years with propagation by rhizome was also investigated. That is, the continuous growth of P. odoratum and the yield of P. odoratum each year after cultivation was statistically analyzed. The results showed that the germination rate under stem tip cultivation was fast, and the emergence time was also fast, which was more than 2 weeks earlier than that under stem body cultivation, and the seedling emergence rate reached 100%. The stem body was a new plant formed by sprouting from the buds of internodes, and the emergence rate was more than 95%. P. odoratum propagated by rhizome was harvested in the third or fourth year after cultivation, and the third year was the best harvest time.
Computation of protein geometry and its applications: Packing and function prediction
Creators: name: Liang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This chapter discusses geometric models of biomolecules and geometric constructs, including the union of ball model, the weigthed Voronoi diagram, the weighted Delaunay triangulation, and the alpha shapes. These geometric constructs enable fast and analytical computaton of shapes of biomoleculres (including features such as voids and pockets) and metric properties (such as area and volume). The algorithms of Delaunay triangulation, computation of voids and pockets, as well volume/area computation are also described. In addition, applications in packing analysis of protein structures and protein function prediction are also discussed.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures
Activated aging dynamics and negative fluctuation-dissipation ratios
Creators: name: Mayer, Peter
name: Léonard, Sébastien
name: Berthier, Ludovic
name: Garrahan, Juan P.
name: Sollich, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In glassy materials aging proceeds at large times via thermal activation. We show that this can lead to negative dynamical response functions and novel and well-defined violations of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, in particular, negative fluctuation-dissipation ratios. Our analysis is based on detailed theoretical and numerical results for the activated aging regime of simple kinetically constrained models. The results are relevant to a variety of physical situations such as aging in glass-formers, thermally activated domain growth and granular compaction.
description: 4 pages, 4 figs; v2 final version (minor modifs) published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Cost Savings, Market Performance, and Economic Benefits of the U.S. Acid Rain Program
Creators: name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Burtraw, Dallas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: acid rain
subject: benefit-cost analysis
subject: air pollution
subject: permit trading
subject: Clean Air Act

description: This paper reports on four areas of research concerning Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments that regulates emissions of SO2 from electricity generation. The first is the costs of the program over the long-run as estimated from the current perspective taking into account recent changes in fuel markets and technology. We compare projected costs with potential cost savings that can be attributable to formal trading of emission allowances. The second area is an evaluation of how well allowance trading has worked to date. The third area is the relationship between compliance costs and economic costs from a general equilibrium perspective. The fourth area is a comparison of benefits and costs for the program.
MFES-HB: Efficient Hyperband with Multi-Fidelity Quality Measurements
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Shen, Yu
name: Jiang, Jiawei
name: Gao, Jinyang
name: Zhang, Ce
name: Cui, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is a fundamental problem in automatic machine learning (AutoML). However, due to the expensive evaluation cost of models (e.g., training deep learning models or training models on large datasets), vanilla Bayesian optimization (BO) is typically computationally infeasible. To alleviate this issue, Hyperband (HB) utilizes the early stopping mechanism to speed up configuration evaluations by terminating those badly-performing configurations in advance. This leads to two kinds of quality measurements: (1) many low-fidelity measurements for configurations that get early-stopped, and (2) few high-fidelity measurements for configurations that are evaluated without being early stopped. The state-of-the-art HB-style method, BOHB, aims to combine the benefits of both BO and HB. Instead of sampling configurations randomly in HB, BOHB samples configurations based on a BO surrogate model, which is constructed with the high-fidelity measurements only. However, the scarcity of high-fidelity measurements greatly hampers the efficiency of BO to guide the configuration search. In this paper, we present MFES-HB, an efficient Hyperband method that is capable of utilizing both the high-fidelity and low-fidelity measurements to accelerate the convergence of HPO tasks. Designing MFES-HB is not trivial as the low-fidelity measurements can be biased yet informative to guide the configuration search. Thus we propose to build a Multi- Fidelity Ensemble Surrogate (MFES) based on the generalized Product of Experts framework, which can integrate useful information from multi-fidelity measurements effectively. The empirical studies on the real-world AutoML tasks demonstrate that MFES-HB can achieve 3.3-8.9x speedups over the state-of-the-art approach - BOHB.
POPULATION AND LAND DEGRADATION
Creators: name: Clay, Daniel C.
name: Guizlo, Mark
name: Wallace, Sally
name: Clay, Daniel C.
name: Guizlo, Mark
name: Wallace, Sally
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: In this paper, we argue that there exist no significant direct links between human populations and their environments and that the intervening processes create the context within which land degradation occurs. We examine some of the intermediate mechanisms through which mounting demographic pressure leads to soil erosion and the depletion of soil fertility. The focus of attention is on set of variables defined in this paper as the structure of landholding (size of holdings, fragmentation/ dispersion, fragility, tenure, etc.). How demographically-induced changes in the structure of land-holding affect land management strategies (investments and land use) is key to understanding land degradation. Traditional perspectives on population and agricultural intensification, such as those developed by Malthus and Boserup, are incomplete at best. This is because they fail to fully incorporate the intermediate linkages both to and from the changing structure of landholding. As a result, avenues for policy research and intervention have been limited. On the population side, the answer has been to control growth (mostly through family planning). On the natural resources side, the thrust has been the dissemination of resource-saving technologies. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this review for future research and policy action.
Semiclassical second microlocal propagation of regularity and integrable systems
Creators: name: Vasy, Andras
name: Wunsch, Jared
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35S05, 35P20, 35Q40

description: We develop a second-microlocal calculus of pseudodifferential operators in the semiclassical setting. These operators test for Lagrangian regularity of semiclassical families of distributions on a manifold $X$ with respect to a Lagrangian submanifold of $T^*X.$ The construction of the calculus, closely analogous to one performed by Bony in the setting of homogeneous Lagrangians, proceeds via the consideration of a model case, that of the zero section of $T^*\mathbb{R}^n,$ and conjugation by appropriate Fourier integral operators. We prove a propagation theorem for the associated wavefront set analogous to Hörmander's theorem for operators of real principal type. As an application, we consider the propagation of Lagrangian regularity on invariant tori for quasimodes (e.g. eigenfunctions) of an operator with completely integrable classical hamiltonian. We prove a secondary propagation result for second wavefront set which implies that even in the (extreme) case of Lagrangian tori with all frequencies rational, provided a nondegeneracy assumption holds, Lagrangian regularity either spreads to fill out a whole torus or holds nowhere locally on it.
description: Updated with an erratum, detailing an error in the proof of Corollary 6.2 and substituting a weaker result. The erratum now precedes the bulk of the manuscript in the pdf file
Mass Determination of Groups of Galaxies: Effects of the Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Peirani, Sébastien
name: Pacheco, José Antonio De Freitas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spherical infall model first developed by Lemaître and Tolman was modified in order to include the effects of a dark energy term. The resulting velocity-distance relation was evaluated numerically. This equation, when fitted to actual data, permits the simultaneous evaluation of the central mass and of the Hubble parameter. Application of this relation to the Local Group, when the dark energy is modeled by a cosmological constant, yields a total mass for the M31-Milky Way pair of (2.5 +/- 0.7) x 10^12 M\_sun, a Hubble parameter H\_0 = 74 +/- 4 km s^-1 Mpc^-1 and a 1-D velocity dispersion for the flow of about 39 km s^-1. The zero-velocity and the marginally bound surfaces of the Local Group are at about 1.0 and 2.3 Mpc respectively from the center of mass. A similar analysis for the Virgo cluster yields a mass of (1.10 +/- 0.12) x 10^15 M\_sun and H\_0 = 65 +/- 9 km s^-1 Mpc^-1. The zero-velocity is located at a distance of 8.6 +/- 0.8 Mpc from the center of the cluster. The predicted peculiar velocity of the Local Group towards Virgo is about 190 kms^-1, in agreement with other estimates. Slightly lower masses are derived if the dark energy is represented by a fluid with an equation of state P = wεwith w = -2/3.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. Version to appear in New Astronomy. Typing errors corrected in relation (1) and in percentage value in page 5
Chapter 7: C-M-P – New alloys
Creators: name: IOM3
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Anisotropy Characteristics and Strengthening Toughening Mechanism of Mechanical Properties of Ti65 Alloy at Room/High Temperature
 Compositional and Grain Size Effects on the Novel Strength and Ductility of ATI Titan 27™
 Properties of Ti-725: A New Alpha + Beta Titanium Alloy Designed for High Strength and Excellent Processability
 Novel Insights Into Inverse Relationship Between Shear and Tensile Strength in High Strength Titanium Alloys
 A New Oxidation and Creep-Resistant Near-Beta Titanium Alloy for Aerospace Industry
 High Strength Material With Elevated Creep Resistance
 Timetal®407 and 412: Highly Processable Titanium Alloys With Unique Ductility and Strength Combinations
 Development and Application of a New Ultra-High Strength and High Toughness Titanium Alloy
 Microstructure Evolution and Strength-Toughening Mechanism in a Newly Developed Ti-5321 Titanium Alloy With High Strength and Toughness
 Effects of Refractory Elements and of Aluminium on Oxygen Diffusion and Solubility in Titanium Alloys: Experiments and First-Principles Calculations
Generating the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe in Split Fermion Models
Creators: name: Coulthurst, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe is one of the major unsolved problems in cosmology and particle physics. In this paper, we investigate the recently proposed possibility that split fermion models -- extra dimensional models where the standard model fermions are localized to different points around the extra dimension -- could provide a means to generate this asymmetry during the phase transition of the localizing scalars. After setting up the scenario that we consider, we use a single fermion toy model to estimate the reflection coefficients for scattering off the phase boundary using a more realistic scalar profile than previous work resulting in a different Kaluza Klein spectrum. The value we calculate for $n_B/s$ is consistent with the mechanism being the source of the baryon asymmetry of our universe provided the $B-L$ violating processes have an efficiency of order $10^{-5}$.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures; References added; Minor changes, Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Chapter 8: C-M-P – Property – Microstructure Relationships
Creators: name: IOM3
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Variant Selection of α Precipitates Associated With Initial Texture Under Various Cooling Rates in a Near-α Titanium Alloy Ti65
 Influence of Deformation on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of TC2 Titanium Alloy
 Understanding the Relationships Between Heterogeneous Microstructures and Tensile Properties Through Characterization of Plastic Strain Localization in Ti-6Al-4V Processed by WDED
 Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis of Irradiation Defects in Ti64 Alloys: Comparison Between Ti2+ Ion Irradiation and Neutron Irradiation
 High Throughput Determination of Uniaxial Room Temperature Transient Creep Behaviour of Ti-6Al by Cantilever Bending Coupled to Digital Image Correlation: Asymmetric C-Axis Creep
 Mechanical Properties and Helium Irradiation Behaviour of Ti-5Al-3Zr-3V-0.7Cr Alloy as a Candidate Material for Nuclear Reactor
 Determination of the Orientation and Shape of α Phase Lamellae in Metastable β-Ti Alloys Using Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering
 Enhanced Tensile Properties of a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-Si Alloy With Duplex (α+α’) Microstructure
 The Microstructure Evolution and Fractography of Ti-6Al-4V-0.55Fe Alloy Under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading
SCHISTOSOMIASIS AND WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT: A RE-EVALUATION OF AN IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENT-HEALTH LINKAGE
Creators: name: Grosse, Scott
name: Grosse, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Many people argue that water resource development projects have negative health effects. In particular, they claim that an increase in schistosomiasis almost automatically results from building dams, irrigation systems, and other water-related activities in regions endemic for the disease. However, this literature review finds many cases where no such increase seems to occur. Some people explain this phenomenon by the adopting of preventive measures, such as providing adequate sanitary and water facilities and appropriate water management practices. Even when these are absent, there is often no increase in schistosomiasis transmission. Ecological variations in snail populations may be more important. Generalizations are usually misleading. For example, in Mali and northern Ghana, some studies associate small earthen dams with schistosomiasis transmission. But other studies from northern Cameroon, Burkina Faso, northern Nigeria, and northern Ghana did not find any transmission of schistosomiasis from impounding small bodies of water. In Asia, schistosomiasis occurs only with specific methods of rice cultivation in certain areas of China and the Philippines. In Africa, most evidence fails to show an association between irrigated rice cultivation and schistosomiasis. Water resources and agricultural development projects often receive unfair blame for creating health hazards such as schistosomiasis. The Aswan High Dam in Egypt is the most notable case. It might be prudent, however, for planners and policy makers to protect against possible increases in schistosomiasis transmission from water resource development projects. As part of project proposals, careful studies should be made of snail species and of existing patterns of schistosomiasis transmission. Further, a percentage of investment and operating funds should be allocated for appropriate water supply and sanitation and for health care to treat local populations for any water-related or other ailments associated with the project.
Shock waves generated by intense femtosecond lasers
Creators: name: Ao, Tommy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The advent of intense femtosecond lasers has created the exciting possibility of accessing regimes of extreme high pressure using a relatively small laser system. This stems from the lack of significant hydrodynamic expansion during the process of laser deposition in a solid via skin-depth absorption, which leads to extremely high energy densities in the irradiated sample. After the short-pulse laser energy has been absorbed, the laser-heated material begins to be released which drives a shock wave into the sample. However, unlike previous long-pulse laser driven shock waves, the shock wave driven by a intense short-pulse laser rapidly decays as it propagates through the sample. Before adopting such a shock wave as a new approach in the study of high density plasmas, its unique characteristics must be understood. A one-dimensional hydrodynamic code which is coupled to an electromagnetic wave solver is used to elucidate the basic properties of shock waves generated by intense femtosecond lasers. Using a unique experimental scheme, the electrical conductivity of silicon in the dense, plasma state can also be studied. Calculations were performed in which a shock wave was driven. into a silcion sample by a pump laser with a wavelength of 400 nm, pulse length of 120 fs (FWHM) and irradiances ranging from 10¹⁴ — 10¹⁵W/cm², while rear-side optical measurements were made by a 800 nm, 120 fs probe laser.
Chapter 6: C-M-P – Fatigue
Creators: name: IOM3
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Fatigue Curve and Fracture Surface Investigation of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Before and After Hot Isostatic Pressing Treatment
 Fatigue Performance of Selective Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V: The Implications of Machining Induced Residual Stress on Crack Initiation Behaviour
 Fatigue Behavior of Fully Lamellar Ti-6Al-4V Alloy With Cr/CrN Multilayer Coating
 High-Throughput Characterization of Small Crack Growth Behavior in Ti-6Al-4V
 Large-Scale 2D and 3D Orientation Datasets Obtained Using Spatially Resolved Acoustic Spectroscopy
 Are Crack Initiation Mechanisms Dependent on Microstructure, Composition and Cyclic Loading Conditions in α+β Ti Alloys?
 Fatigue Properties of Microstructural Gradients in AM Ti-6Al-4V Generated With Thermohydrogen Treatment
Neural-network-driven proton decay sensitivity in the $p\rightarrow \barν K^{+}$ channel using large liquid argon time projection chambers
Creators: name: Alt, Christoph
name: Radics, Balint
name: Rubbia, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an updated sensitivity for proton decay via $p \rightarrow \barν K^+ $ at large, dual phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs). Our work builds on a previous study in which several nucleon decay channels have been simulated and analyzed [arXiv:hep-ph/0701101]. At the time several assumptions were needed to be made on the detector and the backgrounds. Since then, the community has made progress in defining these, and the computing power available enables us to fully simulate and reconstruct large samples in order to perform a better estimate of the sensitivity to proton decay. In this work, we examine the benchmark channel $p\rightarrow \barν K^{+}$, which was previously found to be one of the cleanest channels. Using an improved neutrino event generator and a fully simulated LAr TPC detector response combined with a dedicated neural network for kaon identification, we demonstrate that a lifetime sensitivity of $ τ/ \text{Br} \left( p \rightarrow \barν K^+ \right) > 7 \times 10^{34} \, \text{years}$ at $90 \, \%$ confidence level can be reached at an exposure of $1 \, \text{megaton} \cdot \text{year}$ in quasi-background-free conditions, confirming the superiority of the LAr TPC over other technologies to address the challenging proton decay modes.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures