cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
GaAs p-on-n Solar Cells with MOVPE Growth Rate of 120 μm/h
Creators: name: Sodabanlu, H.
name: Ubukata, A.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Sugaya, T.
name: Nakano, Y.
name: Sugiyama, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Concentrator and Space Photovoltaics
III-V-Based Devices for Terrestrial and Space Applications

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 956-958
description: The growth rate of GaAs in our MOVPE reactor has been boosted to 120 μm/h which is limited by the
current mass flow controllers of trimethylgallium bubblers. Effects of growth rate on the quality of GaAs and the
efficiency of p-on-n solar cells were investigated. The minority hole lifetime in n-GaAs was clearly shortened with an
increase in growth rate from 20 to 90 and 120 μm/h using the same growth conditions. The GaAs p-on-n solar cells
comprising of 2-μm-thick n-GaAs base grown at 20, 90 and 120 μm/h using a V/III ratio of 20 were evaluated under
100 mW/cm2 AM1.5G illumination. Because of short hole lifetime in base layer, the Jsc as well as conversion efficiency
obviously decreased with an increase in growth rate. A degradation of carrier extraction from n-GaAs base layer was
revealed by external quantum efficiency spectra at long wavelength range. The average efficiency was diminished from
24.51 to 23.77% when the growth rate of n-GaAs was increased from 20 to 120 μm/h.
Cattin, Yves / Faure, Philippe: Die Engel und ihr Bild im Mittelalter
Creators: name: Junker, Johannes
Publisher: name: Lutherische Beiträge
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Beiträge, Bd. 6 Nr. 2 (2001): Lutherische Beiträge, Band 6, Heft 2
Регулирование международной торговли рыбой
Creators: name: ПОЗДНЯКОВ ИЛЬЯ ИГОРЕВИЧ
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: РЫБНЫЙ ПРОМЫСЕЛ
РЫБОЛОВСТВО
FISHERIES
ВНЕШНЯЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ
FOREIGN TRADE
СУБСИДИИ
SUBSIDIES
ТАРИФНОЕ И НЕТАРИФНОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ
TARIFF MEASURES
ВТО
WTO
ЭКОНОМИКА ОКЕАНА
OCEAN ECONOMY
GLOBAL TRADE
NON-TARIFF MEASURES

description: Вопрос истощения рыбных запасов мирового океана приобретает все большую актуальность в последние годы. Несмотря на огромную важность рыбы как объекта мировой торговли, так и продукта, который является важным источником пропитания во многих регионах планеты, проблема по-прежнему остается нерешенной. В статье рассмотрены существующие методы регулирования рынка рыбы (тарифные, нетарифные и прочие меры) и произведена оценка их эффективности. Рассмотрены субсидии в сфере рыбной ловли как фактор, препятствующий устойчивому развитию рыболовства. Проведен обзор действий, предпринятых мировым сообществом для решения данной проблемы.
Exploring the Use of Collodion as a Binder in Screen Printing Vehicles for Perovskite Solar Cells Metallization
Creators: name: Montes, C.
name: Ocaña, L.
name: De Sousa-Vieira, L.
name: Moreno-Ramírez, J.S.
name: González-Pérez, S.
name: González-Diaz, B.
name: Friend, M.
name: Cendagorta, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
Perovskite, Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 928-932
description: Industrial grade nitrocellulose and different kinds of collodion recipes have been produced in order to find a suitable perovskite-friendly ink. In this line, we fabricated a collodion complex with graphite (as the conductive powder) and using both Chlorobenzene and Toluene (as the solvents). The obtained collodion-based ink (or c-ink) was tested for depositing contacts over a glass substrate via screen printing. These contacts showed a high adhesion to the glass substrate with an average volume resistivity () of 0.061 Ω•cm after a curing process of 24 hours at room temperature. In order to evaluate whether the c-ink could be used to produce back contacts for perovskite solar cells, it was hand-spread over thin layers of perovskite, resulting in their degradation. This questions the usefulness of collodion as a stand-alone binder agent for producing perovskite-friendly inks. It is still pending to evaluate its use together with perovskite-friendly binders, such as epoxy resins.
Cybercrime and Online Safety: Addressing the Challenges and Solutions Related to Cybercrime, Online Fraud, and Ensuring a Safe Digital Environment for All Users- A Case of African States
Creators: name: Vitus, Emmanuel N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460499
subject: Cybersecurity and privacy not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 440207
subject: Cybercrime
classificationCode: 460603
subject: Cyberphysical systems and internet of things

description: Abstract—The internet has made the world more linked than ever before. While taking advantage of this online transition, cybercriminals target flaws in online systems, networks, and infrastructure. Businesses, government organizations, people, and communities all across the world, particularly in African countries, are all severely impacted on an economic and social level. Many African countries focused more on developing secure electricity and internet networks; yet, cybersecurity usually receives less attention than it should. One of Africa's major issues is the lack of adequate digital security infrastructure, which has harmed businesses, governmental institutions, and individual communities more than it has helped. The majority of African countries operate without cybersecurity measures in place to combat cyberattacks. Only a few examples of today's cyber risks include digital extortion, business email intrusion, data breaches, online fraud, ransomware, and phishing, and new types of cybercrime are always developing. Due to the advent of new technology, cybercriminals have become more organized and quicker in their attacks and alliance creation. To maintain a secure digital environment for all internet users, this study focused on the challenges, solutions, and need for African countries to improve their online safety by tackling cybercrime, online fraud, and cybersecurity concerns. The objective of this study is to offer practical and long-term answers to the problems posed by cybercrime, with a continuing emphasis on enhancing online safety. It will assess the effectiveness of cutting-edge cybersecurity measures, legislative frameworks, and cross-border cooperative efforts, as well as potential areas for improvement. Additionally, the study will examine cutting-edge methods like blockchain technology, machine learning, and other cutting-edge methods that could improve our using digital defences to stop cybercrime.
Highly Efficient and ITO-Free Flexible Counter Electrodes Employing Novel Copper Based Redox Shuttles in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Creators: name: Iftikhar, H.
name: Gava Sonai, G.
name: Hashmi, S.G.
name: Lund, P.
name: Flávia Nogueira, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
Perovskite, Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 938-947
description: We present results on highly efficient and indium tin oxide (ITO) free counter electrodes. These were fabricated via low-temperature based highly conductive single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), which are printed over a flexible polymer substrate. The printed nanotubes served as an alternative to both the traditional conducting (ITO) and catalyst (Pt) layers of the counter electrode. The SWCNT or Pt based flexible counter electrodes were assembled with the photoelectrodes to produce dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) employing electrolytes based on novel copper redox shuttles. The performance of the fabricated solar cells were investigated through J-V curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The SWCNT-based flexible counter electrodes exhibited excellent compatibility and superior catalytic activity with copper electrolytes compared to flexible Pt catalyst based counter electrodes fabricated on flexible ITO-PEN substrates. Our results suggest that SWCNT can be a potential alternative for realizing efficient flexible dye-sensitized solar cells when fabricated with electrolytes based on copper redox shuttles.
Star Formation in Luminous Quasars at 2
Creators: name: Harris, Kathryn
name: Farrah, Duncan
name: Schulz, Bernhard
name: Hatziminaoglou, Evanthia
name: Viero, Marco
name: Anderson, Nick
name: Bethermin, Matthieu
name: Chapman, Scott
name: Clements, David L.
name: Cooray, Asantha
name: Efstathiou, Andreas
name: Feltre, Anne
name: Hurley, Peter
name: Ibar, Eduardo
name: Lacy, Mark
name: Oliver, Sebastian
name: Page, Mathew J.
name: Perez-Fournon, Ismael
name: Petty, Sara M.
name: Pitchford, Lura K.
name: Rigopoulou, Dimitra
name: Scott, Douglas
name: Symeonidis, Myrto
name: Vieira, Joaquin
name: Wang, Lingyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relation between star formation rates ($\dot{M}_{s}$) and AGN properties in optically selected type 1 quasars at $2
description: MNRAS, accepted
Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells from a Transparent Conductive Polymer Electrode
Creators: name: Kang, M.H.
name: Heo, D.K.
name: Kim, D.H.
name: Lee, D.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
Perovskite, Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 948-950
description: We have fabricated semitransparent organic solar cells (OPV) owing from a transparent conductive
polymer electrode. Single layer of conductive polymer can act as not only an anode electrode but hole transport layer
(HTL). The figure of merit to using conductive polymer in OPV is that OPV can be fabricated from all-solution
process at plastic-compatible low temperature (<200). In addition, due to the absence of opaque metal electrode,
final OPVs exhibit semitransparency. Sheet resistance (Rsh) of developed conductive polymer was 260 Ω/sq.
Measured from calibrated light (AM1.5G, 1000W/m2) I-V, conductive polymer induced semitransparent OPV
provides photo-conversion efficiency of 2.0% which is from open circuit voltage (Voc) of 576mV, short circuit
current (Jsc) of 6.9mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) of 51.2%.
An exploration of the value and momentum interaction
Creators: name: Castaneda Vidal, Marcelo Alexis
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis explores the interaction between value and momentum from both a linear and nonlinear perspective. A statistical approach was proposed in order to capture either the linearity and nonlinearity interaction between value and momentum in the Carhart four - factor model. This was achieved by using generalised additive models and adjusting the slopes of HML and WML by their marginal effects. It was found that value (HML) and momentum (WML) strategies interact, extending upon the work of Asness (1997) and confirming the rationale proposed by Kenneth French (2003) on value and momentum interactions. Yet, evidence was found suggesting that the noninear value and momentum interaction appears to be strongest amongst small market capitalisation stocks.
Suppression of galactic outflows by cosmological infall and circumgalactic medium
Creators: name: Singh, Priyanka
name: Rana, Sandeep
name: Bagla, Jasjeet S.
name: Nath, Biman B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relative importance of two galactic outflow suppression mechanisms : a) Cosmological infall of the intergalactic gas onto the galaxy, and b) the existence of a hot circumgalactic medium (CGM). Considering only radial motion, the infall reduces the speed of outflowing gas and even halts the outflow, depending on the mass and redshift of the galaxy. For star forming galaxies there exists an upper mass limit beyond which outflows are suppressed by the gravitational field of the galaxy. We find that infall can reduce this upper mass limit approximately by a factor of two (independent of the redshift). Massive galaxies ($\gtrsim 10^{12} M_{\odot}$) host large reservoir of hot, diffuse CGM around the central part of the galaxy. The CGM acts as a barrier between the infalling and outflowing gas and provides an additional source of outflow suppression. We find that at low redshifts ($z\lesssim3.5$), the CGM is more effective than the infall in suppressing the outflows. Together, these two processes give a mass range in which galaxies are unable to have effective outflows. We also discuss the impact of outflow suppression on the enrichment history of the galaxy and its environment.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Effects of Irradiation on Triple and Single Junction InGaP/GaAs/Ge Solar Cells
Creators: name: Campesato, R.
name: Baur, C.
name: Casale, M.
name: Gervasi, M.
name: Gombia, E.
name: Greco, E.
name: Kingma, A.
name: Rancoita, P.G.
name: Rozza, D.
name: Tacconi, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Concentrator and Space Photovoltaics
III-V-Based Devices for Terrestrial and Space Applications

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 959-964
description: The investigation of the degradation effects on triple-junction (TJ) solar cells, operating in space environment, is of primary importance in view of future space missions towards harsh radiation orbits (e.g. MEO with high particle irradiation intensity) and for the new spacecraft based on electrical propulsion.
In the present work, we report the experimental results obtained from the irradiation test campaign carried out both on (InGaP/GaAs/Ge) TJ solar cells and on single junction (SJ) isotype sub-cells (i.e. InGaP top cells, GaAs middle cells and Ge bottom cells).
In particular, the electrical performances degradation of the irradiated samples was analyzed by means of the Displacement Damage Dose (DDD) method based on the NIEL (Non Ionizing Energy Loss) scaling hypothesis, with DDD doses computed by the SR-NIEL approach.
By plotting the remaining factors as a function of the DDD, a single degradation curve for each sample type and for each electrical parameter has been found. The collapse of the remaining factors on a single curve has been achieved by selecting suitable displacement threshold energies, Ed, for NIEL calculation.
Moreover, DLTS (Deep level Transient Spectroscopy) technique was used to better understand the nature of the defects produced by irradiation. DLTS measurements reveal a good correlation between defects introduced by irradiation inside the GaAs sub-cell and the calculated Displacement Damage Doses.
On the Spin of the Black Hole in IC 10 X-1
Creators: name: Steiner, James F.
name: Walton, Dominic J.
name: Garcia, Javier A.
name: McClintock, Jeffrey E.
name: Laycock, Silas G. T.
name: Middleton, Matthew J.
name: Barnard, Robin
name: Madsen, Kristin K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The compact X-ray source in the eclipsing X-ray binary IC 10 X-1 has reigned for years as ostensibly the most massive stellar-mass black hole, with a mass estimated to be about twice that of its closest rival. However, striking results presented recently by Laycock et al. reveal that the mass estimate, based on emission-line velocities, is unreliable and that the mass of the X-ray source is essentially unconstrained. Using Chandra and NuSTAR data, we rule against a neutron-star model and conclude that IC 10 X-1 contains a black hole. The eclipse duration of IC 10 X-1 is shorter and its depth shallower at higher energies, an effect consistent with the X-ray emission being obscured during eclipse by a Compton-thick core of a dense wind. The spectrum is strongly disk-dominated, which allows us to constrain the spin of the black hole via X-ray continuum fitting. Three other wind-fed black-hole systems are known; the masses and spins of their black holes are high: M ~ 10-15 Msun and a*>0.8. If the mass of IC 10 X-1's black hole is comparable, then its spin is likewise high.
description: 27 manuscript pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, submitted to ApJ
Saffordotaxis Bassler 1952
Creators: name: Ernst, Andrej
name: Minwegen, Elke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Stenolaemata
Cryptostomida
Rhomboporidae
Saffordotaxis

description: Genus Saffordotaxis Bassler, 1952
 Type species: Rhombopora incrassata Ulrich, 1890, by original designation; Lower Mississippian, Kentucky (USA).
 Diagnosis.—Ramose colonies with long and tube−like autozooecia budding in spiral pattern. Oval apertures arranged in regular diagonal rows. Diaphragms rare. Metazooecia absent; abundant actinotostyles in the exozonal walls, in single or multiple rows (translated after Gorjunova 1985).
 Discussion.— Saffordotaxis Bassler, 1952 differs from the similar Rhombopora Meek, 1872 in having uniform styles.
 Stratigraphic and geographic range.—Devonian to Permian; worldwide.
description: Published as part of Ernst, Andrej & Minwegen, Elke, 2006, Late Carboniferous bryozoans from La Hermida, Spain, pp. 569-588 in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3) on page 581, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13652021
Modelling asset prices with a stochastic differential equation driven by a normal inverse gaussian process
Creators: name: Liu, Mozhu
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis aims to study a new Levy-driven diffusion process, where the random innovations that underlie the realised values are governed by a normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) process. A diffusion process driven by Brownian motion with compound Poisson jumps is often used to capture random jumps in an asset's price. Nonetheless, the resulting jump diffusion often involves many parameters and thus lacks parsimony. This motivates us to investigate a new diffusion process, one that is driven by a more volatile stochastic process than the conventional Brownian motion process. Consequently, the resulting diffusion model has the capacity to capture jumps in an asset's price process without incorporating an additional jump process. In order to position this new Levy-driven diffusion in the existing literature, we present a selected review of several related topics including diffusion processes, Levy processes, several Levy-driven diffusions, and some commonly used methods for modelling exchange rates. We present a comprehensive study of the distributional properties of the NIG distribution to help better understand this heavy-tailed distribution, including the role of each parameter. We discuss the finite-sample performance of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of parameters based on random samples, which are simulated from the NIG distribution with pre-specified parameters. We have proved that under some mild conditions, the variance of the new NIG-driven diffusion process is finite. Moreover, we propose to discretise the NIG-driven diffusion process and estimate parameters using MLE. We conduct Monte Carlo simulation studies and find that MLE performs very well in finite samples. Finally, we fit the discretised NIG-driven diffusion model to a sample of the Australian dollar prices, in terms of US dollar, observed at the one-minute frequency level. Results are meaningful in the sense that the new diffusion model is clearly favoured against a competing model under the Akaike information criterion. Therefore, the thesis concludes that MLE can be used to estimate the parameters of the discretised NIG-driven diffusion model, and that such a model is practically useful in modelling high-frequency currency prices. It is anticipated that the NIG-driven diffusion may also be useful for the econometric modelling of other high frequency asset price data.
Концепция риск-менеджмента в трансфертном ценообразовании
Creators: name: ЯРЦЕВА НАДЕЖДА МИХАЙЛОВНА
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ТРАНСФЕРТНОЕ ЦЕНООБРАЗОВАНИЕ
TRANSFER PRICING
КОНТРОЛИРУЕМЫЕ СДЕЛКИ
CONTROLLED TRANSACTIONS
РИСК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ
RISK MANAGEMENT
АВТОМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБМЕН ИНФОРМАЦИЕЙ
AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION
ПЛАН ДЕЙСТВИЙ ПО БОРЬБЕ С РАЗМЫВАНИЕМ НАЛОГОВОЙ БАЗЫ
BEPS PLAN

description: В статье рассматриваются процессы включения в системы налогов различных государств Плана действий по борьбе с размыванием налоговой базы. Подчеркивается, что в новой редакции Руководства ОЭСР закреплена концепция «приоритета содержания над формой», позволяющая противодействовать манипулированию риском по сделке. Приводится новый порядок определения цены по контролируемым сделкам, основанный на риск-менеджменте. Анализируется статистика прямых иностранных инвестиций в российскую экономику и последствия присоединения России к соглашениям об автоматическом обмене финансовой и налоговой информацией.
Topological dynamics of piecewise λ-affine maps
Creators: name: Nogueira, Arnaldo
name: Pires, Benito
name: Rosales, Rafael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $-1
description: The present article is an extended version of our previous work posted in arXiv:1408.1663v1, entitled "Piecewise Contractions Defined by Iterated Function Systems"
Islamic finance and economics from a new institutional approach
Creators: name: Zakariyya, Nabeeh Ibrahim
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis proposes a framework to explain and analyse Islamic financial and economic theories at par with conventional positive economic thought. Islamic Shariah law consists of stipulations on contracts that are fundamentally different from conventional finance. It requires going beyond an assessment of mere financial transactions towards a deeper analysis of the all types of contracts that can be entered into by all factors of production. Hence, this thesis examines conventional theories of production and distribution and proposes a narrative of distribution from a New Institutional Economic perspective that puts emphasis on institutional arrangements and contracts entered by various economic agents. It then explains the institutional environment by examining types of contracts that are allowed under Islamic Shariah in order to describe production and distribution in an economy that is governed by its rules. The main contributions of this thesis are in its re-examinations on distribution theory and Islamic financial theory. In regards to the theory of distribution it proposes a narrative that can be used to explain and analyse any economic system by examining the types of contracts that are allowed and those that are restricted. In regards to Islamic finance, it proposes a move away from the oversimplified explanation oflslamic finance as 'interest-free' and towards looking at its contractual restriction.
High Performance Cu-Zn-Sn-Se Thin Film Solar Cells Fabricated by Sputtering Quaternary Compound Target Method
Creators: name: Li, X.
name: Zhuang, D.-M.
name: Zhao, M.
name: Zhang, N.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Liu, P.
name: Wei, Y.
name: Ren, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 892-896
description: This paper presents a method of fabricating pure selenized kesterite thin film solar cells by magnetron sputtering with Cu-Zn-Sn-Se (CZTSe) quaternary compound target. High quality CZTSe absorbers can be fabricated by selenization with annealing process. Due to the existence of adequate Se within the as-sputtered CZTSe precursors, a very low concentration of 2% (v/v) H2Se in Ar atmosphere was required during the annealing process. Smooth and uniform CZTSe absorbers can be obtained. Thin film CZTSe solar cells have been fabricated by using the absorbers and achieved peak efficiency of 11.74%. The results imply the method of sputtering quaternary compound target can be a simple and effective way to fabricate high performance kesterite thin film solar cells.
Radiation Pressure Acceleration: the factors limiting maximum attainable ion energy
Creators: name: Bulanov, S. S.
name: Esarey, E.
name: Schroeder, C. B.
name: Bulanov, S. V.
name: Esirkepov, T. Zh.
name: Kando, M.
name: Pegoraro, F.
name: Leemans, W. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) is a highly efficient mechanism of laser-driven ion acceleration, with with near complete transfer of the laser energy to the ions in the relativistic regime. However, there is a fundamental limit on the maximum attainable ion energy, which is determined by the group velocity of the laser. The tightly focused laser pulses have group velocities smaller than the vacuum light speed, and, since they offer the high intensity needed for the RPA regime, it is plausible that group velocity effects would manifest themselves in the experiments involving tightly focused pulses and thin foils. However, in this case, finite spot size effects are important, and another limiting factor, the transverse expansion of the target, may dominate over the group velocity effect. As the laser pulse diffracts after passing the focus, the target expands accordingly due to the transverse intensity profile of the laser. Due to this expansion, the areal density of the target decreases, making it transparent for radiation and effectively terminating the acceleration. The off-normal incidence of the laser on the target, due either to the experimental setup, or to the deformation of the target, will also lead to establishing a limit on maximum ion energy.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Эффективное участие России в ВТО
Creators: name: ЗАЙНАГУТДИНОВА АНЕЛИЯ ИГОРЕВНА
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ЧЛЕНСТВО
MEMBERSHIP
УЧАСТИЕ В ВТО
PARTICIPATION IN WTO
ВЫГОДЫ ЧЛЕНСТВА
MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ЧЛЕНСТВА
БИЗНЕС
BUSINESS
ГОСУДАРСТВО
ГОСПОДДЕРЖКА ЭКСПОРТЕРОВ
STATE
НАУКА
SCIENCE
ДИСПРОПОРЦИИ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ
ЭКСПОРТ ОБРАБОТАННОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ
РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ И МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЯ
ELIMINATION OF ECONOMIC IMBALANCES
WAYS TO INCREASE BENEFIT
MEMBERSHIP IMPROVEMENT
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
EXPORTERS OF MANUFACTURED GOODS
MEMBERSHIP IMPROVEMENT EXPERIENCE

description: В статье раскрываются возможности и пути оптимизации членства России в ВТО. Рассматриваются ближайшие выгоды членства (уменьшение дискриминации, распространение более благоприятного режима во внешней торговле, доступ к механизму ВТО по урегулированию споров и др.) и более существенные последующие, зависящие от реформирования хозяйства, совершенствования структуры и географического распределения торговли, использования всех прав участия в ВТО. Отмечены принципиально важные предпосылки оптимизации членства, в частности, включение науки в развивающееся партнерство бизнеса и государства, устранение диспропорции между высокой долей Россиипо числу ученых и специалистов в мире и низкой долей ее в экспорте наукоемкой продукции, значительное усиление государственной поддержки экспортеров этой продукции. Представлен для заимствования опыт оптимизации членства ряда предшественников России, в том числе КНР и Индии.
A Trotter-Suzuki approximation for Lie groups with applications to Hamiltonian simulation
Creators: name: Somma, Rolando D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a product formula to approximate the exponential of a skew-Hermitian operator that is a sum of generators of a Lie algebra. The number of terms in the product depends on the structure factors. When the generators have large norm with respect to the dimension of the Lie algebra, or when the norm of the effective operator resulting from nested commutators is less than the product of the norms, the number of terms in the product is significantly less than that obtained from well-known results. We apply our results to construct product formulas useful for the quantum simulation of some continuous-variable and bosonic physical systems, including systems whose potential is not quadratic. For many of these systems, we show that the number of terms in the product can be sublinear or subpolynomial in the dimension of the relevant local Hilbert spaces, where such a dimension is usually determined by an energy scale of the problem. Our results emphasize the power of quantum computers for the simulation of various quantum systems.
description: 5 pages
Fabrication of p-Type Na Doped SrCuSeF and n-Type ITO Bilayer Ohmic Tunnel Junction and Its Application to the Back Contact of CdS/CdTe Solar Cells
Creators: name: Wada, T.
name: Miki, K.
name: Tamai, D.
name: Takaya, K.
name: Shiina, Y.
name: Okamoto, S.
name: Okamoto, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 903-906
description: For applications to polycrystalline thin-film tandem-type solar cells, we studied p-type conductive Na doped SrCuSeF and n-type conductive In2O3:Sn (ITO) bilayer films. The Na doped SrCuSeF layers were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and the ITO layers were prepared by RF sputtering. The bilayer films showed ohmic current-voltage characteristics. A tunnel junction between these two layers was successfully fabricated, becuse p-type Na doped SrCuSeF and n-type ITO layers had sufficiently high carrier concentrations. The Na doped SrCuSeF/ITO bilayer films were applied to the back electrodes of the CdS/CdTe solar cells. A CdTe solar cell with a back electrode of a 10 nm thick (Sr0.9Na0.1)CuSeF layer and a 200 nm thick ITO layer showed a high conversion efficiency of 14.7% (VOC = 806 mV, JSC = 27.5 mA/cm2, and FF = 0.661). The efficiency was higher than the efficiency of CdTe solar cell with a SrCuSeF single-layer (864 nm) back contact, 11.6%, and that with a SrCuSeF (34nm)/ITO (200nm) bilayer back contact, 14.3%.
The CALYMHA survey: Ly$α$ escape fraction and its dependence on galaxy properties at $z=2.23$
Creators: name: Matthee, Jorryt
name: Sobral, David
name: Oteo, Ivàn
name: Best, Philip
name: Smail, Ian
name: Röttgering, Huub
name: Paulino-Afonso, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results from our CAlibrating LYMan-$α$ with H$α$ (CALYMHA) pilot survey at the Isaac Newton Telescope. We measure Ly$α$ emission for 488 H$α$ selected galaxies at $z=2.23$ from HiZELS in the COSMOS and UDS fields with a specially designed narrow-band filter ($λ_c$ = 3918 Å, $Δλ$= 52 Å). We find 17 dual H$α$-Ly$α$ emitters ($f_{\rm Lyα} >5\times10^{-17}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$, of which 5 are X-ray AGN). For star-forming galaxies, we find a range of Ly$α$ escape fractions (f$_{\rm esc}$, measured with 3$"$ apertures) from $2$\%$-30$\%. These galaxies have masses from $3\times10^8$ M$_{\odot}$ to 10$^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$ and dust attenuations E$(B-V)=0-0.5$. Using stacking, we measure a median escape fraction of $1.6\pm0.5$\% ($4.0\pm1.0$\% without correcting H$α$ for dust), but show that this depends on galaxy properties. The stacked f$_{\rm esc}$ tends to decrease with increasing SFR and dust attenuation. However, at the highest masses and dust attenuations, we detect individual galaxies with f$_{\rm esc}$ much higher than the typical values from stacking, indicating significant scatter in the values of f$_{\rm esc}$. Relations between f$_{\rm esc}$ and UV slope are bimodal, with high f$_{\rm esc}$ for either the bluest or reddest galaxies. We speculate that this bimodality and large scatter in the values of f$_{\rm esc}$ is due to additional physical mechanisms such as outflows facilitating f$_{\rm esc}$ for dusty/massive systems. Ly$α$ is significantly more extended than H$α$ and the UV. f$_{\rm esc}$ continues to increase up to at least 20 kpc (3$σ$, 40 kpc [2$σ$]) for typical SFGs and thus the aperture is the most important predictor of f$_{\rm esc}$.
description: Accepted for publication by MNRAS
Antibiotics self medication among children: a systematic review
Creators: name: Calabrese, Francesco
name: Previti, Christian
name: Bert, Fabrizio
name: Scaioli, Giacomo
name: Siliquini, Roberta
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Health and Medical Administration
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Public Health Education and Promotion

description: Information within the protocol (PDF file).
Geodesics of McVittie Spacetime with a Phantom Cosmological Background
Creators: name: Antoniou, Ioannis
name: Perivolaropoulos, Leandros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the geodesics of a Schwarzschild spacetime embedded in an isotropic expanding cosmological background (McVittie metric). We focus on bound particle geodesics in a background including matter and phantom dark energy with constant dark energy equation of state parameter $w
description: 10 pages, 6 Figures. Numerical analysis files available online. Typo corrected in eq. (2.25)
Экономические проблемы Саудовской Аравии
Creators: name: РУДЕНКО ЛЮДМИЛА НИКОЛАЕВНА
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: РОССИЯ
RUSSIA
САУДОВСКАЯ АРАВИЯ
SAUDI ARABIA
СНИЖЕНИЕ НЕФТЯНЫХ ЦЕН
DROP IN OIL PRICES
ФИНАНСОВЫЕ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ
FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ БЮДЖЕТ
STATE BUDGET
УВЕЛИЧЕНИЕ НЕНЕФТЯНЫХ ДОХОДОВ
INCREASE OF NON-OIL REVENUES
ПРОГРАММА ВИЗИОН 2030
VISION 2030
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО
ECONOMIC COOPERATION

description: В статье исследуется влияние падения мировых цен на нефть на экономику Саудовской Аравии, состояние её государственных бюджетов (2015-2018 гг.) и на финансовое положение страны в целом. В условиях сокращения доходов от экспорта нефти правительство королевства было вынуждено уменьшать государственные расходы, в частности, инвестиционные ассигнования. Важное место при этом отводится анализу деятельности саудовской правящей элиты по увеличению так называемых ненефтяных доходов государства. Снижение нефтяных доходов в последние годы со всей очевидностью продемонстрировало объективную необходимость проведения структурных преобразований с целью кардинального уменьшения зависимости экономики Саудовской Аравии от нефти. Поэтому автор уделяет большое внимание в статье рассмотрению новой программы экономической диверсификации королевства Vision 2030, принятой в апреле 2016 г. Реализация этого плана открывает перспективы для дальнейшего расширения торгово-экономических связей и инвестиционного сотрудничества между Россией и Саудовской Аравией, которое заметно активизировалось в последние годы.
The Effect of Potassium Doping on Perovskite Solar Cells Performance and Stability
Creators: name: Vildanova, M.F.
name: Nikolskaia, A.B.
name: Kozlov, S.S.
name: Shevaleevskiy, O.I.
name: Larina, L.L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2018
Subjects: Non Silicon-Based Thin Film Photovoltaics
Perovskite, Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 35th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 920-923
description: We have fabricated a series of air-processed potassium-doped (K-doped) perovskite solar cells
(PSCs). The structural and optoelectronic parameters of K-doped perovskite layers were investigated. A
comparative study of PV characteristics for the PSCs based on pristine and K-doped perovskite layers was
provided under varying illumination conditions. The long-term and thermal stability testing of the PSCs
fabricated were performed. As a result, we have shown that the incorporation of the additive metal ions into
perovskite structure improved the PV performance and operational stability of the PSCs.
Rhombocladia punctata Dunaeva 1961
Creators: name: Ernst, Andrej
name: Minwegen, Elke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Bryozoa
Stenolaemata
Fenestrida
Chainodictyonidae
Rhombocladia
Rhombocladia punctata

description: Rhombocladia punctata Dunaeva, 1961
Fig. 7D–H; Table 13.
 1961 Rhombocladia punctata sp. nov.; Dunaeva 1961: 40–41, pl. 5: 5–7, text−figs. 4, 5.
 Material.— SMF 1755, 1760, 1793, 1794–1796 (and 17 additional fragments).
 Description.—Dichotomously branching colonies. Branches 1.4–1.9 mm wide and 0.7–1.1 mm thick in their middle parts, lens−shaped in cross−section. Oval apertures arranged diagonally in 7 to 8 rows, 4.5 spaced in 2 mm of the branch length longitudinally and 7–8 diagonally. Autozooecial chambers long, bending gently to the colony surface, becoming rhombic in deeper tangential section, appearing rhombic to hexagonal in cross−section. Long superior hemisepta, curved proximally, positioned in distal parts of autozooecia; inferior hemisepta absent. Abundant microacanthostyles arranged irregularly between apertures, 0.02 mm in diameter. Walls 0.035 –0.040 mm thick in the endozone, 0.13–0.16 mm thick in the exozone. Heterozooecia absent.
 Disscusion.—This species is similar to Rhombocladia multispinosa McKinney, 1972 from the Bangor Limestone (Chesterian) of North America. The latter species differs in having large single macroacanthostyles between the apertures.
 Stratigraphic and geographic range.—Kasimovian Stage, Upper Carboniferous; Donetsk Basin, Ukraine. Picos de Europa Formation, Moscovian, Upper Carboniferous; La Hermida, Spain.
description: Published as part of Ernst, Andrej & Minwegen, Elke, 2006, Late Carboniferous bryozoans from La Hermida, Spain, pp. 569-588 in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (3) on pages 584-585, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13652021
Resolving Dynamic Properties of Polymers through Coarse-Grained Computational Studies
Creators: name: Salerno, K. Michael
name: Agrawal, Anupriya
name: Perahia, Dvora
name: Grest, Gary S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupled length and time scales determine the dynamic behavior of polymers and underlie their unique viscoelastic properties. To resolve the long-time dynamics it is imperative to determine which time and length scales must be correctly modeled. Here we probe the degree of coarse graining required to simultaneously retain significant atomistic details and access large length and time scales. The degree of coarse graining in turn sets the minimum length scale instrumental in defining polymer properties and dynamics. Using linear polyethylene as a model system, we probe how coarse graining scale affects the measured dynamics. Iterative Boltzmann inversion is used to derive coarse-grained potentials with 2-6 methylene groups per coarse-grained bead from a fully atomistic melt simulation. We show that atomistic detail is critical to capturing large scale dynamics. Using these models we simulate polyethylene melts for times over 500 μs to study the viscoelastic properties of well-entangled polymer chains.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Modeling the Performance of the LSST in Surveying the Near-Earth Object Population
Creators: name: Grav, Tommy
name: Mainzer, Amy
name: Spahr, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a detailed survey simulation of the LSST performance with regards to near-Earth objects (NEOs) using the project's current baseline cadence. The survey shows that if the project is able to reliably generate linked sets of positions and times (a so-called "tracklet") using two detections of a given object per night and can link these tracklets into a track with a minimum of 3 tracklets covering more than a ~12 day length-of-arc, they would be able to discover 62% of the potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) larger than 140 m in its projected 10 year survey lifetime. This completeness would be reduced to 58% if the project is unable to implement a pipeline using the two detection cadence and has to adopt the four detection cadence more commonly used by existing NEO surveys. When including the estimated performance from the current operating surveys, assuming these would continue running until the start of LSST and perhaps beyond, the completeness fraction for PHAs larger than 140m would be 73% for the baseline cadence and 71% for the four detection cadence. This result is a lower than the estimate of Ivezic et al. (2007,2014); however it is comparable to that of Jones et al. (2016) who show completeness ~70$%. We also show that the traditional method of using absolute magnitude H < 22 mag as a proxy for the population with diameters larger than 140m results in completeness values that are too high by ~5%. Our simulation makes use of the most recent models of the physical and orbital properties of the NEO populations, as well as simulated cadences and telescope performance estimates provided by LSST. We further show that while neither LSST nor a space-based IR platform like NEOCam individually can complete the survey for 140m diameter NEOs, the combination of these systems can achieve that goal after a decade of observation.
description: 11 page, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal
Интеллектуализация международной торговли
Creators: name: СПАРТАК АНДРЕЙ НИКОЛАЕВИЧ
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ
НЕМАТЕРИАЛЬНЫЙ КАПИТАЛ
INTANGIBLE CAPITAL
ВВП
GDP
НАУКА
SCIENCE
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
EDUCATION
ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
TECHNOLOGIES
ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНАЯ СОБСТВЕННОСТЬ
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ УСЛУГИ
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
ЭКСПОРТ
EXPORT
INTELLECTUAL DIMENSION

description: В статье рассматриваются условия и направления повышения роли интеллектуальной составляющей в современной международной торговле. В экономике, основанной назнаниях, растущие средства выделяются на финансирование науки и образования, значительно увеличивается вклад нематериального капитала, интеллектуальных и креативных активов в формирование общественного богатства, добавленной стоимости в масштабах глобальной экономики и торговли. Динамично, существенно быстрее мирового ВВП, расширяется международный обмен технологиями, интеллектуальной собственностью, наукоемкими и интеллектуальными услугами, услугами в сфере культуры, креативных индустрий. На примере рынка международного образования показаны новые интеллектуальные драйверы развития международной торговли, усиления ее социально-гуманитарного контекста. Основываясь на зарубежной практике, сделан вывод о возможноститолько за счет экспорта образовательных услуг значительным образом модернизировать международную специализацию страны.
In hot water: effects of temperature-dependent interiors on the radii of water-rich super-Earths
Creators: name: Thomas, Scott W.
name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational advancements are leading to increasingly precise measurements of super-Earth masses and radii. Such measurements are used in internal structure models to constrain interior compositions of super-Earths. It is now critically important to quantify the effect of various model assumptions on the predicted radii. In particular, models often neglect thermal effects, a choice justified by noting that the thermal expansion of a solid Earth-like planet is small. However, the thermal effects for water-rich interiors may be significant. We have systematically explored the extent to which thermal effects can influence the radii of water-rich super-Earths over a wide range of masses, surface temperatures, surface pressures and water mass fractions. We developed temperature-dependent internal structure models of water-rich super-Earths that include a comprehensive temperature-dependent water equation of state. We found that thermal effects induce significant changes in their radii. For example, for super-Earths with 10 per cent water by mass, the radius increases by up to 0.5$\,$R$_\oplus$ when the surface temperature is increased from 300 to 1000$\,$K, assuming a surface pressure of 100$\,$bar and an adiabatic temperature gradient in the water layer. The increase is even larger at lower surface pressures and/or higher surface temperatures, while changing the water fraction makes only a marginal difference. These effects are comparable to current super-Earth radial measurement errors, which can be better than 0.1$\,$R$_\oplus$. It is therefore important to ensure that the thermal behaviour of water is taken into account when interpreting super-Earth radii using internal structure models.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
Нетарифное регулирования экспорта российской пищевой продукции в страны АТР
Creators: name: ГОЛУБКОВ МИХАИЛ АНАТОЛЬЕВИЧ
Publisher: name: Российский внешнеэкономический вестник
Year: 2018
Subjects: ПОДДЕРЖКА ЭКСПОРТА
EXPORT SUPPORT
РОССИЙСКОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ
EXPORTS OF RUSSIAN FOOD PRODUCTS TO THE ASIA-PACIFIC MARKETS
НЕТАРИФНЫЕ МЕРЫ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ
NONTARIFF REGULATORY MEASURES
УСЛОВИЯ ДОСТУПА НА РЫНКИ АТР
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МЕР НЕТАРИФНОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ В АТЭС
SPECIFICS OF NONTARIFF REGULATION MEASURES IN APEC
ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ
FOOD SECURITY
СЕРТИФИКАЦИЯ РОССИЙСКОГО ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО ЭКСПОРТА
CERTIFICATION OF RUSSIAN FOOD EXPORTS
IMPORT REGULATION OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC FOOD MARKETS

description: В настоящее время существуют все предпосылки для развития комплексной государственной поддержки российских экспортеров сельскохозяйственной и пищевой продукции, поставляющих продукцию в страны региона АТР. Это обусловлено, прежде всего, благоприятной конъюнктурой на продовольственных рынках в указанном регионе, а также увеличением объемов экспортируемой продукции российского агропромышленного комплекса, в том числе в страны АТР.Одной из важных составляющих такой поддержки является государственное содействие в преодолении торговых барьеров, препятствующих развитию поставок российской сельскохозяйственной и пищевой продукции. Среди основных преград, следует выделить нетарифные меры регулирования, в том числе вопросы сертификации и приведения качества экспортируемой пищевой продукции в соответствие с действующими на рынках импорта стандартами. В настоящей статье проведен анализ особенностей применения нетарифных мер регулирования в регионе АТР на примере экономик АТЭС. Отмечены страновые особенности действующего регулирования с точки зрения организации экспортных процедур. Изложены предложения по развитию международного сотрудничества России с целью улучшения условий доступа российской пищевой продукции на рынки стран региона АТР.