cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reactive nitrogen fluxes over peatland and forest ecosystems using micrometeorological measurement techniques
Creators: name: Brümmer, Christian
name: Rüffer, Jeremy J.
name: Delorme, Jean-Pierre
name: Wintjen, Pascal
name: Schrader, Frederik
name: Beudert, Burkhard
name: Schaap, Martijn
name: Ammann, Christof
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: reactive nitrogen fluxes
subject: peatland
subject: forest ecosystems
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Interactions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) compounds between the atmosphere and the earth's surface play a key role in atmospheric chemistry and in understanding nutrient cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. While continuous observations of inert greenhouse gases through micrometeorological flux measurements have become a common procedure, information about temporal dynamics and longer-term budgets of Nr compounds is still extremely limited. Within the framework of the research projects NITROSPHERE and FORESTFLUX, field campaigns were carried out to investigate the biosphere–atmosphere exchange of selected Nr compounds over different land surfaces. The aim of the campaigns was to test and establish novel measurement techniques in eddy-covariance setups for continuous determination of surface fluxes of ammonia (NH3) and total reactive nitrogen (ΣNr) using two different analytical devices. While high-frequency measurements of NH3 were conducted with a quantum cascade laser (QCL) absorption spectrometer, a custom-built converter called Total Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Converter (TRANC) connected and operated upstream of a chemiluminescence detector (CLD) was used for the measurement of ΣNr. As high-resolution data of Nr surface–atmosphere exchange are still scarce but highly desired for testing and validating local inferential and larger-scale models, we provide access to campaign data including concentrations, fluxes, and ancillary measurements of meteorological parameters. Campaigns (n=4) were carried out in natural (forest) and semi-natural (peatland) ecosystem types. The published datasets stress the importance of recent advancements in laser spectrometry and help improve our understanding of the temporal variability of surface–atmosphere exchange in different ecosystems, thereby providing validation opportunities for inferential models simulating the exchange of reactive nitrogen. The dataset has been placed in the Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4513854; Brümmer et al., 2022) and contains individual data files for each campaign.
Topological superconductivity in tripartite superconductor-ferromagnet-semiconductor nanowires
Creators: name: Langbehn, Josias
name: Acero González, Sergio
name: Brouwer, Piet W.
name: Oppen, Felix Von
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscopics
subject: Proximity effect
subject: Topological superconductors
subject: Topological phases of matter
subject: Superconductivity
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik

description: Motivated by recent experiments searching for Majorana zero modes in tripartite semiconductor nanowires with epitaxial superconductor and ferromagnetic-insulator layers, we explore the emergence of topological superconductivity in such devices for paradigmatic arrangements of the three constituents. Accounting for the competition between magnetism and superconductivity, we treat superconductivity self-consistently and describe the electronic properties, including the superconducting and ferromagnetic proximity effects within a direct wave-function approach. We conclude that the most viable mechanism for topological superconductivity relies on a superconductor-semiconductor-ferromagnet arrangement of the constituents in which spin splitting and superconductivity are independently induced in the semiconductor by proximity and superconductivity is only weakly affected by the ferromagnetic insulator.
Investigating the role of cytokine signalling in human T follicular helper cell differentiation and function
Creators: name: Foster, William Stefan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: T follicular helper cells (TFH) are required for the generation of high affinity antibodies following immune challenge. TFH are also implicated in a wide range of clinical conditions, including autoimmunity, compromised immunity, cancer and have also been implicated within the context of human allergic disease. Many of these conditions occur as a result of dysregulated TFH differentiation or maintenance. Thus, this work has focussed on refining our understanding of the mechanisms by which human TFH are differentiated, are maintained, and perform effector function. Firstly, a dysregulation in TFH homeostasis within the tonsils of house dust mite (HDM) sensitised children is demonstrated. Within these children, TFH are more numerous as well as more functionally active; having heightened production capacity of IL-4, a cytokine well discussed within the context of allergic disease. This therefore implicates the tonsil as a site of allergic disease progression, and raises interesting questions about the nature of tonsillectomy as a potential preventative measure for atopy and asthma development. Furthermore, this work investigates the integrated cytokine signals required for human TFH differentiation, in which STAT3/4 signals from IL-6/IL-12 as well as SMAD2/3 signals from TGF-β and Activin A are required for induction of the core BCL6 transcriptional network. This work also explores how TCR mediated IL-2 signalling influences human TFH differentiation, being necessary for optimal proliferation but also negatively regulating TFH phenotype. Finally, this work explores the identity of T follicular cytotoxic cells, a recently identified CD8 subset which resemble TFH. This work confirms TFC analogues can co-opt the signals used for TFH differentiation yet demonstrates that TFCs are not negatively regulated by IL-2, which has potential implications for IL-2 as a therapy for patients with chronic viral infection or autoimmune disease. Collectively, this work provides new detail on the mechanisms behind human TFH formation, an understanding that will be of continued importance in an era of immunotherapies.
Custom Insert for Dysplastic Glenoid in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Creators: name: SciDoc Publishers
name: Samona J
name: J, Owen
name: S, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in the US workforce, leading to debilitating limitations with mobility and function in an otherwise healthy adult. In 2005, 21.6% of US adults (46.4 million) were formally diagnosed with arthritis, and by 2030 is projected to reach 40% (~67 million) [1-3]. A high correlation exists between age and the presence of rotator cuff disease and glenohumeral arthritis. The average age of individuals with unilateral cuff tears is 58.7, 67.8 years for those with bilateral, and 50% likelihood of a bilateral tear after age 60. It is estimated 13% of patients in their fifties suffer from a cuff tears and 54% of patients 60 years or older, with more than half of asymptomatic rotator cuff tears progressing in size and becoming symptomatic within 3 years [4- 6]. After the knee, the shoulder is the second most common site of chronic joint pain (63.4%vs. 30.6%) [7]. Shoulder arthroplasty accounted for 3%(vs. 96% for hip and knee) of all inpatient arthroplasty procedures performed in 2006. An increase of 2.5x (from 19,000 to 47,000) in the number of shoulder arthroplasties in the United States occurred between the years of 1998 to 2008, more than 2/3 performed on patients older than age 65 [8]. These numbers are significant because trends show between 2012 and 2050 the US will experience a considerable increase in the proportion of the elderly population. 39.6 million people 65 years or older were living in the US in 2009, representing 12.9% of the population or approximately one in every eight Americans
An improved pipeline for LC-MS spectral processing and annotation.
Creators: name: Lauzikaite, Elzbieta
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC-MS) is routinely used for metabolomics studies. While steps in data acquisition are fairly standardised and automated, structural metabolite identification still depends on manual curation and expert knowledge, forming a major bottleneck in LC-MS based pipelines. The work presented in this thesis represents a novel data processing strategy, which aids metabolite identification through deliberate us of the the correlation structure that exists between spectral features, as well as chromatographic profile and data acquisition order. This strategy aligns features originating from the same chemical entity across all samples as a group, ensuring that chemically-related features are accurately aligned despite fluctuations in the chromatographic and mass spectrometric measurements occurring during the experimental run time. Spectral features aligned in this way are consequently matched to in-house chemical standards databases more efficiently and accurately, on account of the retained and chemically-relevant spectral information. This pipeline has been developed and is presented as an open-source R package - massFlowR. This thesis demonstrates the utility of massFlowR with simulated data, as well as an open-source urine metabolomics study DEVSET, and a large-scale cohort study AIRWAVE, where the performance of massFlowR is compared with the widely-used package XCMS.
Analogical creative thinking and its application to engineering design and enterprise
Creators: name: Mi, Pengfei
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Analogical thinking is valuable to creative design as it assists generation of new knowledge by mapping analogically from source domain to target domain. This study endeavours to enhance the value of analogical thinking in creative design by the development of Analogical Creative Process (ACP), and evaluation of its application in projects of engineering design and enterprise design. ACP is a systematic step-by-step tool to enable analogical thinking in design, and is derived from the fundamental cognitive process of key theories for analogy establishment. It analyses the given design problem as a complex of sub-systems and identifies their functions, before analogically mapping over the relations among the sub-systems between different domains. With these features, ACP is capable of providing tangible guidance on analogical thinking for designers without requirement of their existing experience in use of analogy. The effectiveness of ACP in creative ideation is examined with positive outcome observed in a real-life engineering design project compared to non-analogical approaches. The interrelations between creativity, analogy and design are identified featuring ACP and analogical thinking through a prescriptive study. As a result, a novel analogy-empowered creative design process is proposed and applied in an enterprise design project as a new field of application for analogical thinking in design. Initial evaluation supports the application success of the creative design process and analogical thinking is proven valuable in assisting enterprise design practices. The outcomes of this study include development of ACP based on the cognitive model of analogy, establishment of a new connection between creativity, analogy and design by the analogy-embedded creative design process, and a new design application of analogical thinking in enterprise. The identification of the value of analogical thinking in the context of enterprise design provides the researchers and entrepreneurs with a new tool to enhance enterprise design and business progress.
Brown Tumors or Bone Metastases in Context of Parathyroid Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Challenge
Creators: name: Blasco LG
name: Cozar-Santiago MD
name: Ferrer-García JC
name: Sánchez Juan .C
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. When this malignancy is diagnosed, often there are distant metastases (usually liver and/or bone). Brown tumor is a localized form of osteitis fibrosa cystica; classic manifestation in bone of excess parathyroid hormone and this is a bening pathology. We encountered an unusual case of parathyroid carcinoma with images that mimicked metastatic bone tumors, whose differential diagnosis with brown tumor may be complicated. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan was requested for the evaluation of fluorodeoxyglucosa uptake of these lesions. PET/CT images showed multiple hypermetabolic images that mimicked multiple skeletal metastasis but brown tumors could not be dismissed.
Degree of Osteoarthritis and the Results of Total Knee Arthroplasty
Creators: name: S. El-Sallakh
name: I. Barouni
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objective: Osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the leading causes of pain and disability. The primary goal of the total knee arthroplasty is to relief the pain and to improve the patient's quality of life. The aim of the study is find any correlation between the preoperative radiographic degree of osteoarthritis and the results in primary total knee arthroplasty. Study Methods: It is a retrospective study. 160 patients, 203 knees were included in the study. Patients were between the ages of 31 to 90 years of age (69.4). 62% were females and 38% were male. An x-ray was taken for all patients in order to grade the damage of each knee according to the radiographic grading system of Kellgren and Lawrence. After the operation each patient was assessed after 1, 5 and 10 years. Results: In general the benefit of surgery was obvious among all x-ray Osteoarthritic grades, which was obvious by the improvement in the post-op scores among all four groups in the first year after surgery, although early stages grades (I&II) showed better improvement in function scores than the late two stages within the same period. In 5 and 10 years, however, all grades’ outcomes went down in both knee and function scores. Conclusion: These results prove delaying surgery in symptomatic early stages is of no benefit. It has also showed that the outcome of the surgery is of high benefit to all patients regardless their pre-op x-ray grades.
The Highly Variable Typologies of Posterior Malleolus Fractures of the Ankle
Creators: name: SciDoc Publishers
name: Wei, Ren
name: Holledge, Masumi Mauro
name: Yongcheng, Hu
name: Jike Lu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objectives: Although historical studies frequently classify posterior malleolus fractures (PMFs) according to fragment size, our hypothesis is that PMFs have more complex patterns than is widely recognized. None of the studies so far have provided a comprehensive picture of the complexity of PMFs or guidelines for surgical decision making. The optimal management of PMFs is still unclear. This study aims to look at the typology of PMFs using a combination of initial injury radiographs, preoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans, and intra-operative image intensifier (II) screening, as well as fixation technique and a surgery fixation approach, in order to gain insight into PMFs. Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, 56 consecutive patients, all with bi- or tri-malleolar fracture or dislocation of ankle joints, with one or more posterior fragments, who were treated at our institute, were identified. We retrospectively analysed the patients’ preoperative initial injury radiographs, CT scans, and II data to see the stability of the ankle joints in coronal and sagittal planes, and look at the typology in relation to fracture fixation technique and surgery fixation approach. Conclusions: Bi- or tri-malleolar fractures of the ankle with associated posterior malleolar fractures appear to be highly variable. We identified certain types of PMFs which we can categorise. Ankle stability in the coronal and sagittal planes on initial injury radiographs, intra-operative II and preoperative CT scans are critical in order to identify different PMFs patterns. PMFs have highly variable typology regardless of fragment size and this must take into consideration when deciding treatment plans.
Prevalence of Low Vitamin D and Disability Among Egyptian Female Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Creators: name: SciDoc Publishers
name: Abogamal AF
name: Yasein YA
name: AE, Mansour
name: Nassar Y
name: E, Mahmoud
name: Abdalaziz AF
name: MS, Mustafa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: Vitamin D deficiency was reported to be common in rheumatoid arthritis patients and an association with female sex, disease severity, higher disease activity and worse quality of life was suggested. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of different levels of vitamin D and disability among female patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to investigate its possible impact on the degree of disability in rheumatoid arthritis. Subjects & Methods: A cross sectional hospital-based survey conducted during the year 2015-2016. Total number of patients included in the study was 160, with a mean age of 44.80 ± 3.69 years. The data was collected through an interview questionnaire from all participants over a period of one month (November 2015). Results: The prevalence of low levels of vitamin D and disability among rheumatoid arthritis patients was 54.4% and 63.7% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between different levels of vitamin D regarding age and duration of rheumatoid arthritis (P > 0.05). Class IV and III of disability was commonly reported among rheumatoid arthritis patients with a disease duration of more than 5 years and represented 27.3% and 24.5% respectively, and there was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). There was a significant association between different classes of disability and different levels of vitamin D (χ2 = 15.28, P < 0.05). Conclusion: It appears that low vitamin D is highly prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and that vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency may be linked to disease impact on functional ability and disability
Oxidation of amitriptyline and nortriptyline by ferrate(VI): efficiency and reaction pathways
Creators: name: Chen, Yiqun
name: Xiao, Mengying
name: Wang, Zongping
name: Jiang, Wei
name: Guo, Yizhou
name: Liu, Zizheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The oxidation of amitriptyline (AMI) and nortriptyline (NOR), two typical tricyclic antidepressants, has been studied in ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)) solution. The removal rate of AMI and NOR increased with increasing Fe(VI) dosage and was seen to be pH dependent in the order pH 7.0 < 10.0 < 8.0 < 9.0. UV irradiation at 254 nm was found to exert a synergistic effect on the Fe(VI) oxidation of AMI and NOR. By LC–ESI-MS/MS analysis, the main oxidation products of AMI and NOR by Fe(VI) have been identified. The exocyclic double bond is first oxidized to give the exo-epoxide, which is then hydrolyzed and finally oxidized to give dibenzosuberenone and 3-dimethylamino-propionaldehyde. The results suggest that Fe(VI) has a good ability to oxidize AMI and NOR in aqueous solution and could be an effective treatment method for the purification of waters containing these particular antidepressants.
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Combined with Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Comparative Analysis of Raw and Processed Gentiana rigescens
Creators: name: Pan, Yu
name: Zhang, Ji
name: Shen, Tao
name: Zhao, Yan-Li
name: Zuo, Zhi-Tian
name: Wang, Yuan-Zhong
name: Li, Wan-Yi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Science Policy
Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Biochemistry

description: Herbal medicines have been shown to change chemical constituents upon different processing approaches, which might lead to different pharmacological activities and therapeutic effects. In this study, raw and processed Gentiana rigescens (wine-, vinegar-, and salt water-processed) were extracted and profiled by ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC–MS/MS) and Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) based on FT-MIR revealed potential relationships between raw and processed samples, while the processed sample displayed chemical variation. Partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) was used for screening the marker metabolites. The results indicated that UFLC–UV-MS/MS and FT-MIR fingerprints with chemometrics could effectively evaluate the quality of G. rigescens under different processed approaches. Eight compounds were selected as potential marker metabolites for contributing to the most effective classification of raw and processed samples. In addition, these potential marker metabolites were tentatively identified by matching mass information with the fragmentation patterns of the published literature or standard compounds. These results revealed that UFLC–UV-MS/MS and FT-MIR methods coupled with chemometrics could provide an effective platform for monitoring quality variations of G. rigescens under different processed approaches.
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Combined with Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Comparative Analysis of Raw and Processed Gentiana rigescens
Creators: name: Pan, Yu
name: Zhang, Ji
name: Shen, Tao
name: Zhao, Yan-Li
name: Zuo, Zhi-Tian
name: Wang, Yuan-Zhong
name: Li, Wan-Yi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Science Policy
Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Biochemistry

description: Herbal medicines have been displayed to change its chemical constituents upon different processing approaches, which might lead to different pharmacological activities and therapeutic effects. In this study, raw and processed Gentiana rigescens (wine-, vinegar- and salt water-processed) were extracted and profiled by ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) and Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) based on FT-MIR revealed potential relationships between raw and processed sample, while processed sample displayed chemical variation. Partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) were used for screening the marker metabolites. The results indicated that UFLC-UV-MS/MS and FT-MIR fingerprints with chemometrics could effectively evaluate the quality of G. rigescens under different processed approaches. Eight compounds were selected as potential marker metabolites for contributing the most the classification of raw and processed sample. In addition, these potential marker metabolites were tentatively identified by matching mass information with the fragmentation patterns of the published literature or standard compounds. These results revealed that the UFLC-UV-MS/MS and FT-MIR method coupled with chemometrics could provide an effective platform for monitoring quality variations of G. rigescens under different processed approaches.
A multiple imputation method for incomplete correlated ordinal data using multivariate probit models
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Li, Quanlin
name: Cropsey, Karen
name: Yang, Xiaowei
name: Zhang, Kui
name: Belin, Thomas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: The multiple imputation technique has proven to be a useful tool in missing data analysis. We propose a Markov chain Monte Carlo method to conduct multiple imputation for incomplete correlated ordinal data using the multivariate probit model. We conduct a thorough simulation study to compare the performance of our proposed method with two available imputation methods – multivariate normal-based and chain equation methods for various missing data scenarios. For illustration, we present an application using the data from the smoking cessation treatment study for low-income community corrections smokers.
Application of intraoperative quality assurance to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision surgery
Creators: name: Curtis, Nathan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Introduction: The role of laparoscopy in the surgical management of rectal cancer is debated. Randomised trials have reported contrasting results with inadequate specimens obtained in a minority of patients. The reasons behind these findings are unclear. Complex surgical interventions and human performance are prone to variation, which may account for outcome differences, but neither are robustly measured. Application of quality assurance (QA) to the intraoperative period could explore surgical performance and any relationship with subsequent outcomes. The overarching aim of this thesis is the promotion of oncological and patient safety through application of QA to laparoscopic TME surgery. Methods: Evidence synthesis of QA tools was obtained through a systematic review to identify reported objective laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) assessment tools. Development of novel QA tools for laparoscopic TME was performed and applied and validated using case video from two multicentre randomised trials with reliability and validity of the laparoscopic TME performance tool (L-TMEpt) assessed. A multicentre randomised trial comparing 3D vs. 2D laparoscopic TME was performed incorporating objective performance analyses. Scores divided surgeons into quartiles and compared with histopathological and clinical endpoints. A novel intraoperative adverse event classification was developed and piloted. Results: 176 cases from 48 credentialed surgeons were analysed. L-TMEpt inter-rater, test-retest and internal consistency reliabilities were established. Substantial variation in surgical performance were seen. Scores were strongly associated with the number of intraoperative errors, plane of mesorectal dissection and short-term patient morbidity. Upper quartile surgeons obtained excellent results compared with the lower quartile (mesorectal fascia 93% vs. 59%, NNT 2.9, p=0.002; 30-day morbidity 23% vs. 48%, NNT 4, p=0.043). Conclusions: Intraoperative QA using assessment tools can objectively and reliably measure complex cancer interventions. Laparoscopic TME surgical performance assessment showed substantial variation which is strongly associated with clinical outcomes holding implications for surgical trial design and interpretation.
A Multiple Imputation Method for Incomplete Correlated Ordinal Data Using Multivariate Probit Models
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Li, Quanlin
name: Yang, Xiaowei
name: Zhang, Kui
name: Cropsey, Karen
name: Belin, Thomas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Information and Computing Sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biotechnology

description: The multiple imputation technique has proven to be a useful tool in missing data analysis. We propose a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to conduct multiple imputation for incomplete correlated ordinal data using the multivariate probit model. We conduct a thorough simulation study to compare the performance of our proposed method with two available imputation methods - multivariate normal based and chain equation methods for various missing data scenarios. For illustration, we present an application using the data from the smoking cessation treatment study for low income community corrections smokers.
Osteoporosis in Male Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients
Creators: name: SciDoc Publishers
name: Soliman E
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic disease with inflammation at the enthesis of the spine and peripheral skeleton, which leads to bony erosion or juxtain sertional osteoporosis in the early stages. However, in later stages, new bone formation, syndesmophytes and ankylosis can occur. Generalized as well as regional osteopaenia is common in AS [1] with a frequency ranging from 50-92% [2-4]. It ranges from 41–62% in spine and 46–86% in femur
Injected Versus Oral Deep Vein Thrombosis Prophylactic Therapy: A Patient Satisfaction Study
Creators: name: Banaszek .D
name: Pickell .M
name: Wood GC
name: Campbell .A
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious complication of total knee replacement (TKA). While the need for post op prophylaxis is accepted, controversy exists as to which regimen(s) to use. ASA use has seen resurgence due to its efficacy, safety profile, and easy administration. To date no study has evaluated patient satisfaction and compliance with ASA chemoprophylaxis after TKA. Ninety-six TKA patients were surveyed after randomization to receive either oral ASA or injected low molecular weight heparin. Satisfaction was significantly greater in the ASA group. Confidence in treatment was equivalent between the groups. Patient satisfaction withanticoagulation after TKA should not be overlooked. We have demonstrated increased satisfaction with ASA treatment without affecting perceptions of efficacy. Our findings should be considered when prescribing postoperative prophylaxis
Correlation between crash avoidance maneuvers and injury severity sustained by motorcyclists in single-vehicle crashes
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Lu, Linjun
name: Lu, Jian
name: Wang, Tao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Objectives: In order to improve motorcycle safety, this article examines the correlation between crash avoidance maneuvers and injury severity sustained by motorcyclists, under multiple precrash conditions. Method: Ten-year crash data for single-vehicle motorcycle crashes from the General Estimates Systems (GES) were analyzed, using partial proportional odds models (i.e., generalized ordered logit models). Results: The modeling results show that “braking (no lock-up)” is associated with a higher probability of increased severity, whereas “braking (lock-up)” is associated with a higher probability of decreased severity, under all precrash conditions. “Steering” is associated with a higher probability of reduced injury severity when other vehicles are encroaching, whereas it is correlated with high injury severity under other conditions. “Braking and steering” is significantly associated with a higher probability of low severity under “animal encounter and object presence,” whereas it is surprisingly correlated with high injury severity when motorcycles are traveling off the edge of the road. The results also show that a large number of motorcyclists did not perform any crash avoidance maneuvers or conducted crash avoidance maneuvers that are significantly associated with high injury severity. Conclusions: In general, this study suggests that precrash maneuvers are an important factor associated with motorcyclists' injury severity. To improve motorcycle safety, training/educational programs should be considered to improve safety awareness and adjust driving habits of motorcyclists. Antilock brakes and such systems are also promising, because they could effectively prevent brake lock-up and assist motorcyclists in maneuvering during critical conditions. This study also provides valuable information for the design of motorcycle training curriculum.
Neuroendocrine Tumor Orthopedic Sequela: Literature Review and Case Presentation
Creators: name: Samona .J
name: Ndubaku .O
name: Fernández, D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This report presents a very aggressive and unusual case of a rare musculoskeletal neoplastic process, which ultimately resulted in the death of a patient. It is of utmost importance to present this case, in order to display the abnormal nature of this disease process, improve future treatment, and reduce morbidity and mortality. The abnormal pathological variant presented in this case and the lack of literature on the malignancy, highlights the lack of studies into the orthopedic sequela of these tumors. Further research regarding this entity, will decrease the complications, including; pathological fractures, subsequent debility and death.
Correlation between Crash Avoidance Maneuvers and Injury Severity Sustained by Motorcyclists in Single-Vehicle Crashes
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Lu, Jian
name: Wang, Tao
name: Lu, Linjun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Medicine

description: ABSTRACTSObjectives In order to improve motorcycle safety, this paper examines correlation between crash avoidance maneuvers and injury severity sustained by motorcyclists, under multiple pre-crash conditions. Method Ten-year crash data of single-vehicle motorcycle crashes from the General Estimates Systems (GES) were analyzed, using partial proportional odds models (i.e. generalized ordered logit models).
Results The modelling results show that “braking (no lockup)” is associated with a higher probability of increased severity while “braking (lockup)” is associated with a higher probability of decreased severity, under all pre-crash conditions. “Steering” is associated with a higher probability of reduced injury severity when other vehicles are encroaching, while it is correlated with high injury severity under other conditions. “Braking and steering” is significantly associated with a higher probability of low severity under “animal encounter and object presence”, while it is surprisingly correlated with high injury severity when motorcycles are travelling off the edge of the road. The results also show that a large number of motorcyclists did not perform any crash avoidance maneuvers or conducted crash avoidance maneuvers that are significantly associated with high injury severity.
Conclusions In general, this study suggests that pre-crash maneuvers is an important factor associated with motorcyclists' injury severity. To improve motorcycle safety, training/educational programs are suggested to be considered, for it could improve safety awareness and adjust driving habits of motorcyclists. Anti-lock brakes and such systems are also promising, because they could effectively prevent brake lock-up and assist motorcyclists in maneuvering during critical conditions. This study also provides valuable information for the design of motorcycle training curriculum.
Degree of Osteoarthritis and the Results of Total Knee Arthroplasty
Creators: name: SciDoc Publishers
name: S El-Sallakh
name: I Barouni
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Objective: Osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the leading causes of pain and disability. The primary goal of the total knee arthroplasty is to relief the pain and to improve the patient's quality of life. The aim of the study is find any correlation between the preoperative radiographic degree of osteoarthritis and the results in primary total knee arthroplasty. Study Methods: It is a retrospective study. 160 patients, 203 knees were included in the study. Patients were between the ages of 31 to 90 years of age (69.4). 62% were females and 38% were male. An x-ray was taken for all patients in order to grade the damage of each knee according to the radiographic grading system of Kellgren and Lawrence. After the operation each patient was assessed after 1, 5 and 10 years. Results: In general the benefit of surgery was obvious among all x-ray Osteoarthritic grades, which was obvious by the improvement in the post-op scores among all four groups in the first year after surgery, although early stages grades (I&II) showed better improvement in function scores than the late two stages within the same period. In 5 and 10 years, however, all grades’ outcomes went down in both knee and function scores. Conclusion: These results prove delaying surgery in symptomatic early stages is of no benefit. It has also showed that the outcome of the surgery is of high benefit to all patients regardless their pre-op x-ray grades.
Comparison of regional and global land cover products and the implications for biogenic emission modeling
Creators: name: Huang, Ling
name: McDonald-Buller, Elena
name: McGaughey, Gary
name: Kimura, Yosuke
name: Allen, David T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences

description: Accurate estimates of biogenic emissions are required for air quality models that support the development of air quality management plans and attainment demonstrations. Land cover characterization is an essential driving input for most biogenic emissions models. This work contrasted the global Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land cover product against a regional land cover product developed for the Texas Commissions on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) over four climate regions in eastern Texas, where biogenic emissions comprise a large fraction of the total inventory of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and land cover is highly diverse. The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) was utilized to investigate the influences of land cover characterization on modeled isoprene and monoterpene emissions through changes in the standard emission potential and emission activity factor, both separately and simultaneously. In Central Texas, forest coverage was significantly lower in the MODIS land cover product relative to the TCEQ data, which resulted in substantially lower estimates of isoprene and monoterpene emissions by as much as 90%. Differences in predicted isoprene and monoterpene emissions associated with variability in land cover characterization were primarily caused by differences in the standard emission potential, which is dependent on plant functional type. Photochemical modeling was conducted to investigate the effects of differences in estimated biogenic emissions associated with land cover characterization on predicted ozone concentrations using the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx). Mean differences in maximum daily average 8-hour (MDA8) ozone concentrations were 2 to 6 ppb with maximum differences exceeding 20 ppb. Continued focus should be on reducing uncertainties in the representation of land cover through field validation.Implications: Uncertainties in the estimation of biogenic emissions associated with the characterization of land cover in global and regional data products were examined in eastern Texas. Misclassification between trees and low-growing vegetation in central Texas resulted in substantial differences in isoprene and monoterpene emission estimates and predicted ground-level ozone concentrations. Results from this study indicate the importance of land cover validation at regional scales.
Brown Tumors or Bone Metastases in Context of Parathyroid Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Challenge
Creators: name: SciDoc Publishers
name: Blasco LG
name: Cozar-Santiago MD
name: Ferrer-García JC
name: Sánchez Juan C
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. When this malignancy is diagnosed, often there are distant metastases (usually liver and/or bone). Brown tumor is a localized form of osteitis fibrosa cystica; classic manifestation in bone of excess parathyroid hormone and this is a bening pathology. We encountered an unusual case of parathyroid carcinoma with images that mimicked metastatic bone tumors, whose differential diagnosis with brown tumor may be complicated. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan was requested for the evaluation of fluorodeoxyglucosa uptake of these lesions. PET/CT images showed multiple hypermetabolic images that mimicked multiple skeletal metastasis but brown tumors could not be dismissed.
Recent Efforts to Find Disease - Modifying Treatments of Osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Kawaguchi, H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Despite high prevalence and social impact, osteoarthritis (OA) is far behind other skeletal diseases like osteoporosis in the development of disease-modifying treatments. This is mainly because little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism that could be the therapeutic target. Since OA is a multifactorial disease caused by complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors with estimates of around 50% heritability depending on the site [1], numerous efforts and great expense have been spent on human genetic studies on OA worldwide. Although linkage studies have shown large areas of chromosomes associated with the disease, they have failed to detect the susceptible genes. Candidate gene studies have proposed over 100 genes as being responsible; however, most of them have not later been reproduced in larger meta-analysis studies. Recently, while genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the discovery of over 600 gene loci in over 50 common multifactorial diseases, most of the gene variants are of only minimal individual effect. Even though the identified genes with such small effect sizes could possibly be therapeutic targets or at least prognostic markers, it is questionable whether or not these conventional OA genetic studies are worthy of such enormous investment
Engineering droplet-based cell-mimics
Creators: name: Zhang, Shaobin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: For many cellular activities including escaping from toxins or acquiring nutrition, mobility is of significant importance. To mimic and study cellular motion, many strategies have been proposed. However, most reported motile systems cannot be applied to biological environments as either the moving objects or the environment media is not biocompatible, which confines their further applications. In this thesis, droplet-based cell-mimics were produced, of which the ability to acquire mobility and act as micro-reactors were separately demonstrated, shedding light in applying these cell-mimics to target delivery. Firstly, a polyethylene glycol/dextran aqueous two-phase system and liposomes were used to produce liposome-stabilized droplets, i.e., droplet-based cell-mimics. The morphology and stability of these droplets were then studied systematically. It shows that liposomes locate at the droplet surface to form a coating preventing droplet coalescence. The stability of emulsion droplets are both influenced by liposome concentration and size, and higher concentration/larger size leads to better stability. Secondly, a polymer gradient was introduced to the emulsion, which led to a concomitant interfacial tension gradient, inducing the Marangoni effect. Propelled by the Marangoni flow, droplets can achieve directional movement with the desorption of liposomes from droplet surface. These phenomena were explained by theoretical analysis. Finally, photo-responsive liposomes were incorporated into the emulsion system to achieve the controllable release of substrate molecules from liposome lumen to droplet lumen, which enables the enzymatic reactions to occur in a controllable way within droplets. This result proves that the emulsion droplets hold the potential to work as functional carriers for biomolecules.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON COMPUTERIZED ANALYSIS OF BOWEL SOUNDS CAPTURED FROM A NOVEL WEARABLE DEVICE
Creators: name: Charisis, Vasileios
name: Hadjidimitriou, Stelios
name: Iakovakis, Dimitrios
name: Silva, Hugo Placido Da
name: Bostantzopoulou, Sevasti
name: Katsarou, Zoe
name: Leontios Hadjileontiadis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Bowel sounds (BS), the noises produced by the movement
 of fluids and gas during the peristaltic movement of
 intestines, are useful in clinical practice as their
 auscultation constitutes a traditional technique for
 identifying gastrointestinal (GI) health status. Assessing
 patients with GI disturbances presents many challenges for
 a health professional. In this direction, there are research
 efforts that focus on computerized BS analysis systems in
 order to detect GI motility problems.
Comparison of Regional and Global Land Cover Products and the Implications for Biogenic Emissions Modeling
Creators: name: Huang, Ling
name: McDonald-Buller, Elena
name: McGaughey, Gary
name: Kimura, Yosuke
name: Allen, David T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences

description: IMPLICATIONSUncertainties in the estimation of biogenic emissions associated with the characterization of land cover in global and regional data products were examined in eastern Texas. Misclassification between trees and low-growing vegetation in central Texas resulted in substantial differences in isoprene and monoterpene emissions estimates and predicted ground-level ozone concentrations. Results from this study indicate the importance of land cover validation at regional scales.