cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transparency of Complex Regulation: How Should WTO Trade Policy Reviews Deal with Sanitary and Phytosanitary Policies?
Creators: name: Zahrnt, Valentin
name: Zahrnt, Valentin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: SPS
subject: food safety
subject: transparency
subject: TPRM

description: Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures that protect human, animal, and plant health are impeding trade and provoking high-profile disputes. This paper argues that the WTO’s Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) could play an important role in defusing the trade-disrupting potential of SPS regulation. The most promising avenue is to review in greater detail the policy-making procedures that lead to SPS measures. How transparent and independent are countries’ risk assessments of health hazards? Which provisions have countries taken to account for trade effects when selecting SPS measures? Do countries give foreign interests adequate possibility to voice their concerns over proposed SPS regulation? If reviews motivate countries to improve their policy-making processes, this will contribute to making SPS regulation less trade restrictive and more effective in protecting health. To reach this objective, special trade policy reviews dedicated exclusively to SPS regulation would have to be introduced as a complement to the current reviews of countries’ overall trade policies. Such a move could serve as a model for establishing further issue-specific reviews that address technical barriers to trade, trade in services, and other complex regulatory challenges.
Doubly Charmful Baryonic B Decays
Creators: name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
name: Chua, Chun-Khiang
name: Tsai, Shang-Yuu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are two apparent puzzles connected with the two-body and three-body doubly charmed baryonic B decays. First, earlier calculations based on QCD sum rules or the diquark model predict $Br(\bar B^0\toΞ_c^+\barΛ_c^-)\approx Br(\bar B^0\to\B_c\bar N)$, while experimentally the former has a rate two orders of magnitude larger than the latter. Second, a naive estimate of the branching ratio $10^{-9}$ for the color-suppressed three-body decay $\bar B\toΛ_c^+\barΛ_c^-K$, which is highly suppressed by phase space, is too small by five to six orders of magnitude compared to experiment. We show that the great suppression for the $Λ_c^+\barΛ_c^-K$ production can be alleviated provided that there exists a narrow hidden charm bound state with a mass near the $Λ_c\barΛ_c$ threshold. This new state that couples strongly to the charmed baryon pair can be searched for in B decays and in $p\bar p$ collisions by studying the mass spectrum of $D^{(*)}\bar D^{(*)}$ or $Λ_c\barΛ_c$. The doubly charmful decay $\bar B\toΞ_c\barΛ_c$ has a configuration more favorable than the singly charmful one such as $\bar B^0\toΛ_c\bar p$ since no hard gluon is needed to produce the energetic $Ξ_c\barΛ_c$ pair in the former decay, while two hard gluons are needed for the latter process. Assuming that a soft $q\bar q$ quark pair is produced through the $σ$ and $π$ meson exchanges in the configuration for $\bar B\to Ξ_c\barΛ_c$, it is found that its branching ratio is of order $10^{-3}$, in agreement with experiment.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
2020.lrec_Published.pdf
Creators: name: Straton
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200402 Computational Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Much research has been done within the social sciences on the interpretation and influence of stigma on human behaviour and health, which result in out-of-group exclusion, distancing, cognitive separation, status loss, discrimination, in-group pressure, and often lead to disengagement, non-adherence to treatment plan, and prescriptions by the doctor. However, little work has been conducted on computational identification of stigma in general and in social media discourse in particular. In this paper, we develop the annotation scheme and improve the annotation process for stigma identification, which can be applied to other health-care domains. The data from pro-vaccination and anti-vaccination discussion groups are annotated by trained annotators who have professional background in social science and health-care studies, therefore the group can be considered experts on the subject in comparison to non-expert crowd. Amazon MTurk annotators is another group of annotator with no knowledge on their education background, they are initially treated as non-expert crowd on the subject matter of stigma. We analyze the annotations with visualisation techniques, features from LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) list and make prediction based on bi-grams with traditional and deep learning models. Data augmentation method and application of CNN show high performance accuracy in comparison to other models. Success of the rigorous annotation process on identifying stigma is reconfirmed by achieving high prediction rate with CNN.
A transition from antiferromagnetism to spin-glass freezing in single crystalline, Dy2PdSi3
Creators: name: Iyer, K. K.
name: Paulose, P. L.
name: Sampathkumaran, E. V.
name: Bitterlich, H.
name: Behr, G.
name: Loeser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report low temperature (1.8-15 K) ac magnetic susceptibility and isothermal remanent magnetization behavior for the single crystalline form of Dy2PdSi3, crystallizing in a AlB2-derived hexagonal structure, for two orientations. The results, while confirming the existence of two magnetic transitions, one at 8 K and the other at 2.5 K, as inferred from previous dc magnetization studies, suggest that the 2.5K-transition is spin-glass-like, with an interesting sensitivity to the application of an external dc magnetic field. Thus, this compound appears to undergo a transition from antiferromagnetism to spin-glass freezing as the temperature is lowered.
Statics and Dynamics of Strongly Charged Soft Matter
Creators: name: Boroudjerdi, H.
name: Kim, Y. -W.
name: Naji, A.
name: Netz, R. R.
name: Schlagberger, X.
name: Serr, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft matter materials, such as polymers, membranes, proteins, are often electrically charged. This makes them water soluble, which is of great importance in technological application and a prerequisite for biological function. We discuss a few static and dynamic systems that are dominated by charge effects. One class comprises complexation between oppositely charged objects, for example the adsorption of charged ions or charged polymers (such as DNA) on oppositely charged substrates of different geometry. The second class comprises effective interactions between similarly charged objects. Here the main theme is to understand the experimental finding that similarly and highly charged bodies attract each other in the presence of multi-valent counterions. This is demonstrated using field-theoretic arguments as well as Monte-Carlo simulations for the case of two homogeneously charged bodies. Realistic surfaces, on the other hand, are corrugated and also exhibit modulated charge distributions, which is important for static properties such as the counterion-density distribution, but has even more pronounced consequences for dynamic properties such as the counterion mobility. More pronounced dynamic effects are obtained with highly condensed charged systems in strong electric fields. Likewise, an electrostatically collapsed highly charged polymer is unfolded and oriented in strong electric fields. At the end of this review, we give a very brief account of the behavior of water at planar surfaces and demonstrate using ab-initio methods that specific interactions between oppositely charged groups cause ion-specific effects that have recently moved into the focus of interest.
description: 61 pages, 31 figures, Physics Reports (2005)-in press (high quality figures available from authors)
Special geometry of Euclidean supersymmetry II: hypermultiplets and the c-map
Creators: name: Cortes, Vicente
name: Mayer, Christoph
name: Mohaupt, Thomas
name: Saueressig, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct two new versions of the c-map which allow us to obtain the target manifolds of hypermultiplets in Euclidean theories with rigid N =2 supersymmetry. While the Minkowskian para-c-map is obtained by dimensional reduction of the Minkowskian vector multiplet lagrangian over time, the Euclidean para-c-map corresponds to the dimensional reduction of the Euclidean vector multiplet lagrangian. In both cases the resulting hypermultiplet target spaces are para-hyper-Kahler manifolds. We review and prove the relevant results of para-complex and para-hypercomplex geometry. In particular, we give a second, purely geometrical construction of both c-maps, by proving that the cotangent bundle N=T^*M of any affine special (para-)Kahler manifold M is para-hyper-Kahler.
description: 36 pages, 1 figure
Investigation of the factors influencing adoption of GM crops at country level
Creators: name: Hall, Clare
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Moran, Dominic
name: Hall, Clare
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Moran, Dominic
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Genetically modified crops
subject: structural equation model
subject: global adoption.

description: With the possible exception of nuclear technology, few scientific breakthroughs have generated the level of emotive debate that has surrounded the roll-out of agricultural biotechnology. Initial discussion about the environmental impacts of agricultural genetic modification, are now frequently juxtaposed with counter-claims that the technologies could actually be part of a wider global environmental solution in relation to climate change mitigation and food shortages. This study tests whether there are any consistent messages on why some countries seem to be advancing adoption of the technology, while others are not. We consider the range of claims in existing literature on adoption tendencies and then use structural equation modelling to test and estimate these a priori determinants of GM adoption. We found that being an exporter of maize and soybeans, agricultural area, participation in the Responsible Care Program of the Chemical Manufacturer's Association, having the EU and/or Japan as main trading partners, and participation in international environmental agreements, significantly influence decisions about whether or not to adopt GM crops at the country-level. In addition, there are two variables that are indirectly related to adoption decisions at country-level, namely technological readiness and government effectiveness.
Isovector Channel Role of Relativistic Mean Field Models in the Neutrino Mean Free Path
Creators: name: Sulaksono, A.
name: Hutauruk, P. T. P.
name: Mart, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An improvement in the treatment of the isovector channel of relativistic mean field (RMF) models based on effective field theory (E-RMF) is suggested, by adding an isovector scalar (delta) meson and using a similar procedure to the one used by Horowitz and Piekarewicz to adjust the isovector-vector channel in order to achieve a softer density dependent symmetry energy of the nuclear matter at high density. Their effects on the equation of state (EOS) at high density and on the neutrino mean free path (NMFP) in neutron stars are discussed.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Delayed recovery and chronic disability in patients with whiplash-associated disorders
Creators: name: Dufton, John Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Whiplash is a common injury after a motor vehicle collision resulting in significant pain and disability for those injured. The prognosis of these disorders is highly variable and difficult to predict and evidence suggests that both medical and external non-injury related factors are important in determining recovery. This study is an extensive exploratory analysis investigating the association between a number of personal, clinical, and non-injury related factors and delayed clinical improvement after soft-tissue injuries sustained in a motor vehicle collision. Data were collected shortly after injury ensuring each patient was enrolled in the study at a similar point of recovery, and the outcome was measured with a valid and reliable disability questionnaire. The source of the data was the clinical database from a national network of 48 Canadian physiotherapy and rehabilitation facilities. A cohort of 2185 adult patients from this database was assembled for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed eight predictors associated with delayed recovery as measured by a minimal clinical improvement: 1) older age, 2) female gender, 3) increasing lagtime between injury date and presentation for treatment, 4) initial pain location, 5) province of injury, 6) higher initial pain intensity, 7) lawyer retention, and 8) work status (currently working). The variable measuring increasing initial pain intensity interacted with both the lawyer retention and the work status variables. A model predicting early improvement was developed and validated. A secondary cross-sectional analysis of the acute and chronic whiplash population suggests that significant differences between these groups are apparent at 3 months and that the acute patient population should be analyzed separately from the chronic patient population. Researchers and clinicians in all jurisdictions should be cognizant of the potential for non-injury related factors to delay recovery, and aware of the interaction between the initial intensity of a patient's pain and other covariates when confirming these results.
Iowa Cooperative Fertilizer Retail Outlets: Farmers' Attitudes and Perceptions
Creators: name: Gensch, Dennis H.
name: Gensch, Dennis H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Fertilizer
subject: supply cooperative
subject: farmers' perception
subject: dealer attributes
subject: segmentation analysis
subject: factor analysis
subject: choice model
subject: logit

description: Based on a sample of Iowa farmers, attributes of fertilizer retail dealers are evaluated. Honest management, making deliveries on time, relative size, willingness to negotiate price, and marketing grain are the most important attributes affecting a farmer's decision to patronize an independent or cooperative dealer. Cooperative outlets are generally in a strong competitive position. The study also shows much salient information can be generated by using such statistical methods as segmentation analysis, factor analysis, and the choice model approach.
The missing metals problem: I. How many metals are in submm galaxies?
Creators: name: Bouche, N.
name: Lehnert, M. D.
name: Peroux, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a sample of submillimetre-selected galaxies (SMGs) with molecular gas and dynamical mass measurements from the literature to put constraints on the contribution of such galaxies to the total metal budget. Compared to Lyman break galaxies (LBGs), for example, SMGs are rarer (by a factor of 10 or more), but contain much more gas and are more metal rich. We estimate that SMGs brighter than 3 mJy contain only less than 9% of the metals when we combine the observed dynamical masses (few$\times 10^{11}$ \msun), number density ($n\simeq 10^{-4}$ Mpc$^{-3}$), observed gas metallicity (1--2 x solar), and observed gas fractions (~40%) assuming a molecular to neutral hydrogen ratio of 1. Including SMGs fainter than 3 mJy, we estimate that SMGs contain at the most 15% of the metals, where our incompleteness correction is estimated from the dust mass function. Our results are strong upper limits given that high gas fractions and high overall metallicity are mutually exclusive. In summary, SMGs make a significant contribution to the metal budget (< 15%) but not sufficient to solve the `missing metals problem.' A consequence of our results is that SMGs can only add $\approx 3.5$% to $Ω_{\rm DLA}$, and can not be the source of a significant population of dusty DLAs.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Minor changes to match the published text
Maternal rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a systematic review
Creators: name: SS Knudsen
name: AFVH Thomsen
name: BW Deleuran
name: BH Bech
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: To summarize the available literature on in utero exposure to maternal rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its influence on the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in offspring. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review and assessed the internal validity of studies with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale tool. Results: Six studies were included. Three reported on autism spectrum disorders; one cohort study indicated a slightly elevated risk, and two case–control studies reported too few cases for risk assessment. Two large cohort studies reported elevated hazard ratios for epilepsy in offspring, in overlapping populations. One study on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) reported higher odds for maternal RA during pregnancy, among children with ADHD. Conclusion:Few studies were found specifically studying maternal RA during pregnancy and NDDs in offspring. The studies pointed towards a moderately higher risk of these outcomes; however, reporting bias appears to be a problem. Additional studies of appropriate design and power are needed.
Heavy quark correlators in Instanton Liquid Model with perturbative corrections
Creators: name: Musakhanov, M.
name: Rakhimov, N.
name: Yakhshiev, U. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we consider the influence on the heavy quark correlators due to the instanton background in the framework of instanton liquid model (ILM) of QCD vacuum by taking into account also the perturbative gluon effects. For a single heavy quark this leads to the mass shift due to the direct-instanton nonperturbative and ILM modified perturbative contributions, respectively. In the heavy quark-antiquark ($Q\bar{Q}$) sector we obtain the potential consisting the direct instanton induced part and the one-gluon exchange (OGE) perturbative part which is screened at large distances due to the nonperturbative dynamics. At the region of interest corresponding to the heavy quark physics the screening effect in OGE can be well approximated by a Yukawa-type potential in terms of the dynamically generated gluon mass. A possible implication of the present studies to the phenomenology of heavy quarkonium is also discussed.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, minor corrections
Prof A. Maleki_Figures NMR_ESM.doc from Green and efficient three-component synthesis of 4H-pyran catalysed by CuFe2O4@starch as a magnetically recyclable bionanocatalyst
Creators: name: Kamalzare, Maryam
name: Bayat, Mohammad
name: Maleki, Ali
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30203 Inorganic Green Chemistry
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 100799 Nanotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: The development of simple, practical and inexpensive catalysis systems using natural materials is one of the main goals of pharmaceutical chemistry as well as green chemistry. Owing to the ability of easy separation of nanocatalyst, those goals could be approached by applying heterogeneous bionanocatalyst in combination with magnetic nanoparticles. Starch is one of the most abundant natural polymers; therefore, preparing bionanocatalyst from starch is very valuable as starch is largely available and inexpensive. An ecologically benign and efficacious heterogeneous nanocatalyst was prepared based on a biopolymer, and its attributes and morphology were specified by using Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements; followed by studying catalytic behaviour of bionanocomposite in a multicomponent reaction to synthesize of 4H-pyran derivatives. 4H-pyran is extremely valuable in pharmaceutical chemistry, and the development of methods for synthesis of different derivatives of 4H-pyran is momentous. Revealing environmentally benign nature, mild condition, easy work-up, low cost and non-toxicity are some of the advantages of this protocol. Besides, the bionanocomposite was recovered using an external magnetic bar and could be re-used at least six times with no further decrease in its catalytic activity.
Cooperatives' Role in the Artificial Insemination Industry
Creators: name: Hogeland, Julie A.
name: Hogeland, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Cooperatives
subject: artificial insemination
subject: semen
subject: dairy cattle
subject: breeding

description: The artificial insemination industry provides breeding products and services for both dairy and beef cattle. Two-thirds of the industry is organized as producer-owned cooperatives. The industry has been so highly successful in meeting the needs of producers for a high-quality reliable product that the United States is the world's leading producer and exporter of bull semen. Yet, more bulls (and consequently more cooperatives) are available than are technically needed for genetic variation and breeding requirements. The result of such product proliferation is higher semen prices and excessive costs for inventory, distribution, and marketing. To maintain their prominent role in the industry, the 22 cooperatives need to consolidate to streamline the industry's structure. The cost savings from such restructuring would enable cooperatives to develop a significant program of biotechnology research.
Extracting Structural Information of a Heteropolymer from Force-Extension Curves
Creators: name: Jarkova, E.
name: Lee, Nam-Kyung
name: Obukhov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory for the reverse analysis on the sequence information of a single H/P two-letter random hetero-polymer (RHP) from its force-extension(f-z) curves during quasi static stretching. Upon stretching of a self-assembled RHP, it undergoes several structural transitions. The typical elastic response of a hetero-polymeric globule is a set of overlapping saw-tooth patterns. With consideration of the height and the position of the overlapping saw-tooth shape, we analyze the possibility of extracting the binding energies of the internal domains and the corresponding block sizes of the contributing conformations.
description: 5 figures 7 pages
Full-Phase-Space Twist Expansion in Semileptonic and Radiative B-Meson Decays
Creators: name: Tackmann, Frank J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Lambda_QCD/M_B corrections from subleading shape functions in inclusive B-meson decays. We propose a natural and smooth interpolation from the endpoint region to the full phase space, and derive expressions for the triple differential decay rate in B -> X_u l nu and the photon energy spectrum in B -> X_s gamma. Our results are valid to order Lambda_QCD/M_B for hadronic invariant masses of order Lambda_QCD M_B and to order Lambda_QCD^2/M_B^2 for larger hadronic masses. They allow a systematic investigation of the transition between the separate regimes of the local and nonlocal expansions, and can be used to study decay distributions in any kinematic variables. We consider several examples of interest and point out that a combined measurement of hadronic energy and invariant mass provides an alternative to the extraction of |V_ub| which is largely independent of shape function effects and in principle allows a higher accuracy than the combined measurement of leptonic and hadronic invariant masses. We perform the expansion directly in QCD light-cone operators, and give a discussion of the general basis of light-cone operators. Reparametrization invariance under the change of the light-cone direction reduces the number of independent shape functions. We show that differing previous results for the lepton energy spectrum obtained from different choices of light-cone coordinates are in agreement.
description: 41 pages, 20 figures, v2: few references added, slightly extended discussion (2 figures added to illustrate m_b dependence), v3: final journal version
A Pattern-based Approach to Detect and Improve Non-descriptive Test Names
Creators: name: Wu, Jianwei
name: Clause, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unit tests are an important artifact that supports the software development process in several ways. For example, when a test fails, its name can provide the first step towards understanding the purpose of the test. Unfortunately, unit tests often lack descriptive names. In this paper, we propose a new, pattern-based approach that can help developers improve the quality of test names of JUnit tests by making them more descriptive. It does this by detecting non-descriptive test names and in some cases, providing additional information about how the name can be improved. Our approach was assessed using an empirical evaluation on 34352 JUnit tests. The results of the evaluation show that the approach is feasible, accurate, and useful at discriminating descriptive and non-descriptive names with a 95% true-positive rate.
description: Accepted by The Journal of Systems & Software
Export Market Development for Agricultural Commodity Promotion Programs
Creators: name: Spatz, Karen J.
name: Spatz, Karen J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Cooperatives
subject: generic advertising
subject: agricultural exports
subject: State checkoff programs
subject: Federal marketing orders

description: Export market development activities are an integral part of today's agricultural marketing due to increasing competition worldwide. Marketing activities include promotion, advertising, and research financed by private and government-supported commodity groups. Cooperatives and private industry primarily market brand products but they also support generic promotion through legislated commodity programs. Federal and State agricultural commodity promotion programs are supported by growers and/or handlers, including cooperatives and their members. These legislated commodity programs promote domestically and overseas. Half of the 256 State checkoff programs reported export promotion expenditures totaling more than $27 million in 1986. Exporting cooperatives pay assessments to 59 State checkoff programs with export promotion expenditures. Four case studies detail effective export promotion programs.
Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation in the Ferrimagnetic Chain Compound NiCu(C_7_H_6_N_2_O_6_)(H_2_O)_3_2H_2_O: Three-Magnon Scattering?
Creators: name: Hori, Hiromitsu
name: Yamamoto, Shoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent proton spin-lattice relaxation-time (T_1_) measurements on the ferrimagnetic chain compound NiCu(C_7_H_6_N_2_O_6_)(H_2_O)_3_2H_2_O are explained by an elaborately modified spin-wave theory. We give a strong evidence of the major contribution to 1/T_1_ being made by the three-magnon scattering rather than the Raman one.
description: J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 16, No. 49, 9023 (2004)
Quasi-2D magnetic correlations in Ni$_2$P$_2$S$_6$ probed by ${}^{31}$P NMR
Creators: name: Dioguardi, A. P.
name: Selter, S.
name: Aswartham, S.
name: Sturza, M. -I.
name: Murugesan, R.
name: Eldeeb, M. S.
name: Hozoi, L.
name: Büchner, B.
name: Grafe, H. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed ${}^{31}$P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements are presented on well-characterized single crystals of antiferromagnetic van der Waals Ni$_2$P$_2$S$_6$. An anomalous breakdown is observed in the proportionality of the NMR shift $K$ with the bulk susceptibility $χ$. This so-called $K$$-$$χ$ anomaly occurs in close proximity to the broad peak in $χ(T)$, thereby implying a connection to quasi-2D magnetic correlations known to be responsible for this maximum. Quantum chemistry calculations show that crystal field energy level depopulation effects cannot be responsible for the $K$$-$$χ$ anomaly. Appreciable in-plane transferred hyperfine coupling is observed, which is consistent with the proposed Ni$-$S$-$Ni super- and Ni$-$S$-$S$-$Ni super-super-exchange coupling mechanisms. Magnetization and spin$-$lattice relaxation rate ($T_1^{-1}$) measurements indicate little to no magnetic field dependence of the Néel temperature. Finally, $T_1^{-1}(T)$ evidences relaxation driven by three-magnon scattering in the antiferromagnetic state.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Dimensional regularization of the third post-Newtonian gravitational wave generation from two point masses
Creators: name: Blanchet, Luc
name: Damour, Thibault
name: Esposito-Farese, Gilles
name: Iyer, Bala R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dimensional regularization is applied to the computation of the gravitational wave field generated by compact binaries at the third post-Newtonian (3PN) approximation. We generalize the wave generation formalism from isolated post-Newtonian matter systems to d spatial dimensions, and apply it to point masses (without spins), modelled by delta-function singularities. We find that the quadrupole moment of point-particle binaries in harmonic coordinates contains a pole when epsilon = d-3 -> 0 at the 3PN order. It is proved that the pole can be renormalized away by means of the same shifts of the particle world-lines as in our recent derivation of the 3PN equations of motion. The resulting renormalized (finite when epsilon -> 0) quadrupole moment leads to unique values for the ambiguity parameters xi, kappa and zeta, which were introduced in previous computations using Hadamard's regularization. Several checks of these values are presented. These results complete the derivation of the gravitational waves emitted by inspiralling compact binaries up to the 3.5PN level of accuracy which is needed for detection and analysis of the signals in the gravitational-wave antennas LIGO/VIRGO and LISA.
description: 60 pages, LaTeX 2e, REVTeX 4, 10 PostScript files (1 figure and 9 Young tableaux used in the text)
INSON HUQUQLARINI O`RNI VA AHAMIYATI.
Creators: name: G'afurova, Mashhura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada inson huquqlarini himoya qilish mexanizmi, O’zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasida inson huquqlarini himoya qilish shart sharoitlari haqida tushuncha beradi.
Establishing a Cotton-Ginning Cooperative in the Southeast
Creators: name: Simon, Donald M.
name: Garland, William R.
name: Halkett, Jan
name: Simon, Donald M.
name: Garland, William R.
name: Halkett, Jan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Cotton gins
subject: cooperatives
subject: cotton
subject: feasibility analysis
subject: rural development
subject: return on investment
subject: cooperative benefits

description: The producer-members of the proposed Albemarle Cotton Growers Cooperative presently experience costly and dangerous conditions in transporting seed cotton to distant ginning sites. These growers seek to acquire locally a cooperatively owned and operated cotton gin. This study of the proposed venture reports on producer surveys and financial projections, and estimates member benefits and return on investment. This cotton-ginning cooperative may considerably improve the net farm incomes of local producers. The feasibility analysis concludes that it is possible for these North Carolina growers to earn a respectable return on their cooperative investment. However, firm volume and equity commitments on the part of growers will be required. This study may be applicable to similar situations in other parts of the Southeast.
Locally observable conditions for the successful implementation of entangling multi-qubit quantum gates
Creators: name: Hofmann, Holger F.
name: Okamoto, Ryo
name: Takeuchi, Shigeki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The information obtained from the operation of a quantum gate on only two complementary sets of input states is sufficient to estimate the quantum process fidelity of the gate. In the case of entangling gates, these conditions can be used to predict the multi qubit entanglement capability from the fidelities of two non-entangling local operations. It is then possible to predict highly non-classical features of the gate such as violations of local realism from the fidelities of two completely classical input-output relations, without generating any actual entanglement.
description: 3 pages, contribution to the proceedings of the ISQM`05 conference held August 21st to 25th 2005 near Tokyo
Imaginary Friends: Ways of Attending to Other, Artificial, or Possible Minds
Creators: name: Prindible, Matt
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 120304 Digital and Interaction Design
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: Beginning with the early-2016 match between DeepMind’s AlphaGo and world champion 9-dan Go player Lee Sedol, this thesis project seeks to expand upon the poetics of interactions with nonhuman intelligences by tracing a path through philosophical, theoretical, and scientific literature. The work of philosophers Andy Clark and David Chalmers and their theory of an extended mind is used to frame a mind that can recruit external things in the physical world to become part of its own cognitive processes. As this, in principle, includes other minds, the work of postmodern literary critic N. Katherine Hayles is used to expand this world of intelligence beyond conscious beings. And finally, scientific and anecdotal evidence is used to discuss how particular bodies and environments give rise to radically different subjective inner experiences.
Several “material approximations” of these concepts, in the form of computer vision, plants, and slime molds, are studied in order to begin framing design activities. The complex and often indeterminate behavior of thinking things challenges the ability to create discrete and logical interactions and is reconsidered through multispecies feminist theorist Donna Haraway’s and philosopher and video game designer Ian Bogost’s work on playfulness as a human and cross-species capability. This is demonstrated through a series of design charrettes and a discussion on future work that hints at a vision of minds and intelligence informed by looking around, rather than ahead.
Marketing Operations of Dairy Cooperatives
Creators: name: Stafford, Thomas H.
name: Roof, James B.
name: Stafford, Thomas H.
name: Roof, James B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: dairy
subject: cooperatives
subject: marketing
subject: structure

description: The Nation's 435 dairy cooperatives marketed 95.6 billion pounds of milk, or about 77 percent of all milk sold to plants and dealers in 1980. There were 146 cooperatives with no milk handling facilities, 97 with only milk and cream receiving stations, and 192 operating 456 dairy processing and manufacturing plants. Cooperatives sold about 16 percent of the Nation's packaged fluid products, 10 percent of the ice cream, 64 percent of the butter, 87 percent of the dry milk products, 22 percent of the cottage cheese, and 47 percent of all other cheese made in the United States. Additional data is given for prior years on transportation, producer payroll, and financial operations.
The Topology of Shapes Made with Points
Creators: name: Haridis, Alexandros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54-02, 57N25, 54A05, 54H99, 00A66, 00A67, 00A06

description: In architecture, city planning, visual arts, and other design areas, shapes are often made with points, or with structural representations based on point-sets. Shapes made with points can be understood more generally as finite arrangements formed with elements (i.e. points) of the algebra of shapes $U_i$, for $i = 0$. This paper examines the kind of topology that is applicable to such shapes. From a mathematical standpoint, any "shape made with points" is equivalent to a finite space, so that topology on a shape made with points is no different than topology on a finite space: the study of topological structure naturally coincides with the study of preorder relations on the points of the shape. After establishing this fact, some connections between the topology of shapes made with points and the topology of "point-free" pictorial shapes (when $i > 0$) are discussed and the main differences between the two are summarized.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. Keywords: Shape with Points, Finite Order Topology, T0-space, Structural Description, Mathematics of Shapes. Preprint of journal article. Article first published online: February 11, 2019. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science (2019)
F-thresholds and Bernstein-Sato polynomials
Creators: name: Mustata, Mircea
name: Takagi, Shunsuke
name: Watanabe, Kei-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14B05 (Primary); 13A35 (secondary)

description: We introduce and study invariants of singularities in positive characteristic called F-thresholds. They give an analogue of the jumping coefficients of multiplier ideals in characteristic zero. We discuss the connection between the invariants of an ideal in characteristic zero and the invariants of the different reduction mod p of this ideal. Our main point is that this relation depends on arithmetic properties of p. We also describe a new connection between invariants mod p and the roots of the Bernstein-Sato polynomial.
description: 22 pages, submitted to the Proceedings of the 4th ECM, Stockolm, 2004
Towards an ’epistemology of invention’ for landscape architectural design
Creators: name: Rossing, David William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Most contemporary cultural landscapes are designed and constructed by way of fundamentally flawed epistemological underpinnings: the basic simplifications and separations of which are progressively and perilously at odds with the 'social nature' of both physical and meaning-full life. Thus one of the most significant problems facing design is epistemological — how operative logics are embedded in and perform through the material world, to shape experiences of the built environment. In a generalized sense, then, contemporary experience often becomes confused with too much disturbance, and we with our constructions often become predisposed to actions and attitudes of mastery through violence in relation to the world. This general condition — which has by now accumulated tremendous momentum — must be associated with both experiential and environmental crises. We must embrace transdisciplinary approaches through which we might better comprehend, contemplate, and more adeptly curtail this performing phenomenon. There is a contingent relationship between being a responsible designer and one's awareness of and respect for what mediates one's interventions. The arguments presented here suggest that the practice of Landscape Architecture (and related fields) must better scrutinize and mediate how knowledges are experienced and deployed through the design realm. Three main goals of this work follow: 1) Enunciate conditions and tendencies of everyday life manifest of this globally dominating phenomenon (this productive epistemology), and associate them with modes of authoring or design, method or style, perceived as more or less proper to the task. 2) Articulate or bring together the histories of both human and nonhuman actors as fully constitutive of our collective existence; 3) Tender propositions for an alternative 'epistemology of invention', which aims to redeem the hidden and oft-suppressed potentials of everyday life, b y mobilizing all our faculties proper to the task of more life-sensitive design.
D2.4.24 Initial workshop with EFSA on recommendations for updating eBASIS with final work plan
Creators: name: Institute of Food Research
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: NoE and NEXUS Projects
The EuroFIR Food Platform
EuroFIR

description: A workshop was held at EFSA on 18-19th February. The purpose of this meeting was to present the objectives of the project CFT/EFSA/EMRISK/2008/01 on the “Delivery of a Database on Bioactive Constituents of Food Plants” and to discuss EFSA’s scientific and technical needs regarding the delivery of the database.
What is interdisciplinarity? Views from students and professors in a non-major intro physics course
Creators: name: Descamps, Ian
name: Moore, Thomas
name: Pollard, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an investigation into the interdisciplinary role of physics in a physics-for-non-physicists course at Pomona College. This work is guided by prior research into introductory physics for life-science (IPLS) courses, but attends to significant differences in the scope and context of this course. We interviewed enrolled students, physics professors, and professors from non-physics disciplines to explore the function of this course and the role of physics in the education of non-physics-science students. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, then analyzed to identify emergent themes. These themes outline the authentic physics, including content knowledge and other, broader learning objectives, that play an important and distinct role in the science education of enrolled students. Stakeholders generally align in their emphasis of interdisciplinary relevance with some divergence in the specific articulation of that idea. The differences can be understood through the stakeholders' distinct areas of expertise, with non-physics professors expressing value through relevance to their discipline and physics professors focusing on essential aspects of physics.
INTEGRAL and RXTE monitoring of GRS 1758-258 in 2003 and 2004. A transition from the dim soft state to the hard state
Creators: name: Pottschmidt, K.
name: Chernyakova, M.
name: Zdziarski, A. A.
name: Lubinski, P.
name: Smith, D. M.
name: Bezayiff, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic Center black hole candidate (BHC) GRS 1758-258 has been observed extensively within INTEGRAL's Galactic Center Deep Exposure (GCDE) program in 2003 and 2004, while also being monitored with RXTE. We present quasi-simultaneous PCA, ISGRI, and SPI spectra from four GCDE observation epochs, as well as the evolution of energy-resolved PCA and ISGRI light curves on time scales of days to months. We find that during the first epoch GRS 1758-258 displayed another of its peculiar dim soft states like the one observed in 2001, increasing the number of observed occurrences of this state to three. During the other epochs the source was in the hard state. The hard X-ray emission component in the epoch-summed spectra can be well described either by phenomenological models, namely a cutoff power law in the hard state and a pure power law in the dim soft state, or by thermal Comptonization models. A soft thermal component is clearly present in the dim soft state and might also contribute to the softer hard state spectra. We argue that in the recently emerging picture of the hardness-intensity evolution of black hole transient outbursts in which hard and soft states are observed to occur in a large overlapping range of luminosities (hysteresis), the dim soft state is not peculiar. As noted before for the 2001 dim soft state, these episodes seem to be triggered by a sudden decrease (within days) of the hard emission, with the soft spectral component decaying on a longer time scale (weeks). We discuss this behavior in terms of the existence of two independent accretion flows, the model previously suggested for the 2001 episode. (Abridged)
description: Replaced to match accepted version
Effects of edges in spin-1/2 bond-alternating Heisenberg chains: Matrix-product variational approach
Creators: name: Funase, Kei-ichi
name: Yamamoto, Shoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make a matrix-product variational approach to spin-1/2 ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic bond-alternating chains with anisotropy on their ferromagnetic bonds, especially under the open boundary condition. The rich phase diagram containing the Haldane, large-D, and two types of Neel phases is well reproduced with only two variational parameters. The on-bond anisotropy has a significant effect on the ferromagnetic coupling between neighboring spins and induces novel edge states peculiar to spin-1/2 chains.
description: Phys. Lett. A 334, No. 2-3, 220 (2004)