cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Early warning signals of the termination of the African Humid Period(s)
Creators: name: Trauth, Martin H.
name: Asrat, Asfawossen
name: Fischer, Markus L.
name: Hopcroft, Peter O.
name: Foerster, Verena
name: Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie
name: Kindermann, Karin
name: Lamb, Henry F.
name: Marwan, Norbert
name: Maslin, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Palaeoclimate
subject: Sedimentology
subject: African Humid Period
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The transition from a humid green Sahara to today’s hyperarid conditions in northern Africa ~5.5 thousand years ago shows the dramatic environmental change to which human societies were exposed and had to adapt to. In this work, we show that in the 620,000-year environmental record from the Chew Bahir basin in the southern Ethiopian Rift, with its decadal resolution, this one thousand year long transition is particularly well documented, along with 20–80 year long droughts, recurring every ~160 years, as possible early warnings. Together with events of extreme wetness at the end of the transition, these droughts form a pronounced climate “flickering”, which can be simulated in climate models and is also present in earlier climate transitions in the Chew Bahir environmental record, indicating that transitions with flickering are characteristic of this region.
Survey # M9310
Creators: name: Markeds- Og Medianinstituttet
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: Reading various materials (5); confidence in various institutions (22); changes in economy (3); price changes (3); personal financial situation (2); future economic rating (2); adequacy of income (1); future income level (1); good time to buy various items (1); unemployment levels (2); interest rates (1); personal future plans (9); factors in deciding foreign travel destinations (13); country most likely to travel to (1).
title: Eisenbahnunfälle und die Entwicklung der Sicherheit auf dem Betriebsnetz der österreichischen Eisenbahnen bis 1914
Creators: name: Höllersberger, Herbert
Year: 2017

description: Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Eisenbahnunfällen und der Entwicklung der Sicherheit auf dem Betriebsnetz der österreichischen Eisenbahnen bis 1914. Auf Basis der einschlägigen zeitgenössischen Literatur sowie verschiedenen Unterlagen der "Österreichischen Eisenbahnstatistik" werden nach einer kurzen Einführung, die Ursachen, Auswirkungen und öffentliche Wahrnehmungen von Eisenbahnunfällen untersucht. Gleichzeitig werden auch die typische Arbeitswelt sowie die überaus harten Arbeitsbedingungen der frühen Bahnbediensteten nachgezeichnet, die immer wieder zu gefährlichen Situationen oder gar zu Unfällen im Eisenbahnbetrieb führten. Im Zusammenhang damit werden Maßnahmen bei Bahnunfällen und schließlich anhand von Fallbeispielen die strafrechtliche Aufarbeitung der Unfälle dargestellt. Trotz der auf dem ersten Blick hoch erscheinenden Unfallzahlen, waren es nicht zuletzt gerade Eisenbahnunfälle, die zu jenen Maßnahmen zur Verbesserungen der Sicherheit auf Schienen geführt haben, die Fahrgäste und Bahnmitarbeiter vor Schaden bewahren sollten.
Taboo language across the globe: A multi-lab study
Creators: name: Sulpizio, Simone
name: Günther, Fritz
name: Badan, Linda
name: Basclain, Benjamin
name: Brysbaert, Marc
name: Chan, Yuen Lai
name: Ciaccio, Laura Anna
name: Dudschig, Carolin
name: Duñabeitia, Jon Andoni
name: Fasoli, Fabio
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Taboo words
subject: Swearing
subject: Semantics
subject: Best–worst scaling
subject: Emotion
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: The use of taboo words represents one of the most common and arguably universal linguistic behaviors, fulfilling a wide range of psychological and social functions. However, in the scientific literature, taboo language is poorly characterized, and how it is realized in different languages and populations remains largely unexplored. Here we provide a database of taboo words, collected from different linguistic communities (Study 1, N = 1046), along with their speaker-centered semantic characterization (Study 2, N = 455 for each of six rating dimensions), covering 13 languages and 17 countries from all five permanently inhabited continents. Our results show that, in all languages, taboo words are mainly characterized by extremely low valence and high arousal, and very low written frequency. However, a significant amount of cross-country variability in words’ tabooness and offensiveness proves the importance of community-specific sociocultural knowledge in the study of taboo language.
Optical control of 4f orbital state in rare-earth metals
Creators: name: Thielemann-Kuehn, Nele
name: Amrhein, Tim
name: Bronsch, Wibke
name: Somnath, Jana
name: Pontius, Niko
name: Engel, Robin Y.
name: Miedema, Piter S.
name: Legut, Dominik
name: Atxitia, Unai
name: Weinelt, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: rare-earth metals
subject: 4f orbital state
subject: optical control
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: A change of orbital state alters the coupling between ions and their surroundings drastically. Orbital excitations are hence key to understand and control interaction of ions. Rare-earth elements with strong magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) are important ingredients for magnetic devices. Thus, control of their localized 4f magnetic moments and anisotropy is one major challenge in ultrafast spin physics. With time-resolved x-ray absorption and resonant inelastic scattering experiments, we show for Tb metal that 4f-electronic excitations out of the ground-state multiplet occur after optical pumping. These excitations are driven by inelastic 5d-4f-electron scattering, altering the 4f-orbital state and consequently the MCA with important implications for magnetization dynamics in 4f-metals and more general for the excitation of localized electronic states in correlated materials.
Pregeometry and spontaneous time-space asymmetry
Creators: name: Wetterich, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In pregeometry a metric arises as a composite object at large distances. We investigate if its signature, which distinguishes between time and space, could be a result of the dynamics rather than being built in already in the formulation of a model. For short distances we formulate our model as a Yang-Mills theory with fermions and vector fields. For the local gauge symmetry we take the non-compact group SO(4,\,$\mathbb{C}$). The particular representation of the vector field permits us to implement diffeomorphism invariant kinetic terms. Geometry and general relativity emerge at large distances due to a spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry which induces masses for the gauge bosons. The difference between time and space arises directly from this spontaneous symmetry breaking. For a euclidean metric all fields have a standard propagator at high momenta. Analytic continuation to a Minkowski-metric is achieved by a change of field values. We conjecture that this type of model could be consistent with unitarity and well behaved in the short distance limit.
description: Extended discussion of the role of quantum fluctuations, 28 pages
Gallup Poll # 576
Creators: name: Gallup
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2006

description: Likelihood of a winter vacation (2); 1956 Olympic Games (1); Younger people getting physical exercise (1); Supreme Court ruling on racial segregation in schools (1); situation on races in the South (1); New Years resolution (1); most admired person in the world (2); Communist China in the United Nations (1); Congress appropriation of 4 billion/yr to prevent Communism (1); attention to mass media (4); Dwight Eisenhower job performance (1); predictions for upcoming year (1); knowledge of filibuster (1); impression of England, France, Russia, Germany. Israel, India and Egypt (1); famous inventers (1); consumer product association (2); voted in previous elections (1); Dwight Eisenhower vs. Adlai Stevenson (1); political affiliation (1).
An Overview of Machine Learning Techniques for Radiowave Propagation Modeling
Creators: name: Seretis, Aristeidis
name: Sarris, Costas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We give an overview of recent developments in the modeling of radiowave propagation, based on machine learning algorithms. We identify the input and output specification and the architecture of the model as the main challenges associated with machine learning-driven propagation models. Relevant papers are discussed and categorized based on their approach to each of these challenges. Emphasis is given on presenting the prospects and open problems in this promising and rapidly evolving area.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 2 small tables and 1 1-page table
The Educational Contributions of the United States Commissioners of Education, 1867-1928
Creators: name: Ford, Thomas Benjamin
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this study is to trace the educational contributions of the former United States Commissioners of Education. The influence of these men has done much to shape the national development of education at times when our educational system needed wise guidance in its rapid growth to meet the constantly increasing complexity of American life.The need for collecting information concerning the United States Commissioners of Education has been given some attention by educational writers from time to time; however, up to the present no complete study of the leadership of this group of men has been available. In view of the fact that considerable first-hand information is yet obtainable, not only in the writings of these officials but through those who knew them personally, an attempt has been made to gather data from these valuable sources. An attempt has been made to include in the footnotes and the bibliography, references to all sources drawn from in the preparation of this study.
Gallup Poll # 578
Creators: name: Gallup
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2006

description: Dwight Eisenhower job performance (1); ideal age for marriage (2); ideal number of children (1); Spain, Egypt, Yugoslavia leaders visit U.S. (1); People's Capitalism practiced in U.S. (2); Charles Wilson's claim on men going to National draft to avoid Korean War (1); 6 months training for National Guard (1); National Guard under control of U.S. Army (1); leader of Communist China meeting with Secretary of State (1); China as member of United Nations (1); interest rate for first class and airmail letters (2); future employment (1); United Nations withdrawing Israeli troops from Egypt (1); United Nations providing soldier to patrol Israeli borders (1); knowledge of famous quotes (1); mass media (4); previous experience voting (1); vote in 1956 election (1).
The Educational Contributions of the United States Commissioners of Education, 1867-1928
Creators: name: Ford, Thomas Benjamin
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: The purpose of this study is to trace the educational contributions of the former United States Commissioners of Education. The influence of these men has done much to shape the national development of education at times when our educational system needed wise guidance in its rapid growth to meet the constantly increasing complexity of American life.The need for collecting information concerning the United States Commissioners of Education has been given some attention by educational writers from time to time; however, up to the present no complete study of the leadership of this group of men has been available. In view of the fact that considerable first-hand information is yet obtainable, not only in the writings of these officials but through those who knew them personally, an attempt has been made to gather data from these valuable sources. An attempt has been made to include in the footnotes and the bibliography, references to all sources drawn from in the preparation of this study.
A Folha, N.º 55 - Outono De 2017
Creators: name: Vários Autores
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: língua portuguesa, português, tradução, terminologia, linguística, União Europeia, UE, linguagem inclusiva, acordo ortográfico, OmegaT, Moçambique, VOC, VOMOLP, Lituânia, língua lituana

description: Boletim da língua portuguesa nas instituições europeias
CBS News/New York Times Poll: Economy/Stock Market/2008 Presidential Election
Creators: name: CBS News
name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2010

description: United States today vs. 5 years ago (1); United States 5 years from now (1); George W. Bush job performance (2); country on the right/wrong track (1); most important problem facing country (1); economy (3); most important economic problem (1); job market (3); personal economic concern (1); personal financial situation (7); paying for college (1); paying for retirement (1); employment (1); cut-backs in daily spending (2); size of government (1); race relations (6); voter registration (1); 2008 Presidential campaign (1); 2008 presidential primary caucus (1); Hillary Clinton vs. Barack Obama (4); Hillary Clinton (8); Barack Obama (8); John McCain (8); Barack Obama vs. John McCain (1); Hillary Clinton vs. John McCain (1); 2008 Democratic presidential campaign (1); Dr. Jeremiah Wright (2); outlook for future generation (1); standard of living (2); Iraq (2); estate Tax (1); federal income taxes (1); international trade (2); stock market (1); food prices (2); home mortgage crisis (2); federal aid to banks and mortgage companies (5).
There exist transitive piecewise smooth vector fields on $\mathbb{S}^2$ but not robustly transitive
Creators: name: Euzébio, Rodrigo D
name: Jucá, Joaby S.
name: Varão, Régis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is well known that smooth (or continuous) vector fields cannot be topologically transitive on the sphere $§^2$. Piecewise-smooth vector fields, on the other hand, may present non-trivial recurrence even on $§^2$. Accordingly, in this paper the existence of topologically transitive piecewise-smooth vector fields on $§^2$ is proved, see Theorem \ref{teorema-principal}. We also prove that transitivity occurs alongside the presence of some particular portions of the phase portrait known as {\it sliding region} and {\it escaping region}. More precisely, Theorem \ref{main:transitivity} states that, under the presence of transitivity, trajectories must interchange between sliding and escaping regions through tangency points. In addition, we prove that every transitive piecewise-smooth vector field is neither robustly transitive nor structural stable on $§^2$, see Theorem \ref{main:no-transitive}. We finish the paper proving Theorem \ref{main:general} addressing non-robustness on general compact two-dimensional manifolds.
Mideast Conflict/Environment
Creators: name: CNN
name: Time
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2002

description: Direction of country (1); Democrats vs. Republicans (6); George W. Bush job performance (7); Most important problem (3); Middle East (7); Yassar Arafat (7); Minister Ariel Sharon (8); Colin Powell/Middle East (3); Environmental laws and regulations (5); Arctic national wildlife refuge (1); Democratic nominee for President (3); Al Gore (3); Hillary Clinton (2); vegetarians (1).
title: Dialekt beim Übersetzen von Kinder- und Jugendliteratur anhand eines Übersetzungsvergleichs
Creators: name: Ennsberger, Sylvia
Year: 2017

description: Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema Dialektübersetzung im Zusammenhang mit Kinder- und Jugendliteratur und zeigt anhand praktischer Beispiele die Verwendung von Übersetzungsmethoden für Dialekt. In diesem Zusammenhang wird zunächst ein Überblick über die in der translationswissenschaftlichen Fachliteratur diskutierten Übersetzungsmethoden für Dialekt und deren Implikationen gegeben. Der praktische Teil beschäftigt sich mit vier englischsprachigen Romanen von Terry Pratchett und ihren deutschen Übersetzungen. Dabei wird anhand der Analyse von nichtstandardsprachlichen AT- und ZT-Elementen gezeigt, wie in der Fachliteratur diskutierte Übersetzungsmethoden für Dialekt abhängig vom Übersetzer unterschiedlich eingesetzt werden können. Zudem wird gezeigt, dass der Fokus beim Übersetzen dialektaler Elemente auf sprachlichen Mitteln liegt. Im Anschluss an die Analyse wird auf mögliche weitere, buchspezifische Übersetzungsmethoden eingegangen.
description: This paper deals with dialect translation in children and young adults’ literature and it shows how translation methods for dialect can be applied based on some practical examples. The paper first gives an overview of translation methods for dialect discussed in translation studies and their implications. In the course of the practical part, four English novels by Terry Pratchett and their translations are analysed, specifically non-standard elements in the ST and TT. The analysis shows that translation methods for dialect are applied differently depending on the translator, and that the focus lies on linguistic means of translation. Following the analysis, further possible methods specific to these novels are discussed.
Loan Operations of the Commodity Credit Corporation
Creators: name: Jarvis, George Young
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 35
subject: Commerce, management, tourism and services

description: A comfortable margin of safety is one of the ordinary requisites for a "good" bank loan. If the Commodity Credit Corporation, however, dealt only in "good" loans as thus defined, its activities would probably lose significance. The distinctive function of the Commodity Credit Corporation is to bear the risk of loans extended on such favorable terms as to support the prices of agricultural products and facilitates the withholding of price-depressing surpluses from the markets.The general aim of this study has been to present a history of the lending and price-supporting activities of the Commodity Credit Corporation. This is not the first governmental lending agency, however, which has endeavored to promote "orderly marketing" of farm products, and therefore the credit operations of the War Finance Corporation, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Federal Farm Board, and the Banks for Cooperatives are briefly reviewed. Also it seemed desirable to five a general view of the organization, capitalization, losses, and borrowing activities of the Corporation.
Pew Internet & American Life Project Poll: Weak Ties Survey
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2010

description: Direction of country (1); attitudes towards tolerance (4); use of computer/Internet (2); how long been an Internet user (2); frequency of Internet use (3); Internet connection type (2); use of tech devices (7); membership to groups (9); close relationships (9); somewhat close relationships (9); activities with close relations (8); network of friends (2); keeping in touch with close relations (10); close relations help with activities (8); somewhat close relations help with activities (16); keeping in touch with somewhat close relations (10); occupations of relations (10); leisure time (1); self-attitudes (11); Internet effects on relationships (3); time spent on Internet (1).
Loan Operations of the Commodity Credit Corporation
Creators: name: Jarvis, George Young
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: A comfortable margin of safety is one of the ordinary requisites for a "good" bank loan. If the Commodity Credit Corporation, however, dealt only in "good" loans as thus defined, its activities would probably lose significance. The distinctive function of the Commodity Credit Corporation is to bear the risk of loans extended on such favorable terms as to support the prices of agricultural products and facilitates the withholding of price-depressing surpluses from the markets.The general aim of this study has been to present a history of the lending and price-supporting activities of the Commodity Credit Corporation. This is not the first governmental lending agency, however, which has endeavored to promote "orderly marketing" of farm products, and therefore the credit operations of the War Finance Corporation, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Federal Farm Board, and the Banks for Cooperatives are briefly reviewed. Also it seemed desirable to five a general view of the organization, capitalization, losses, and borrowing activities of the Corporation.
title: Qualität von Crowdsourcing Translation aus translationswissenschaftlicher Sicht
Creators: name: Artner, Elisabeth
Year: 2017

description: Crowdsourcing Translation ist eine relativ neue Arbeitsform, die jedoch besonders für die Übersetzung von Online-Inhalten immer mehr Anwendung findet. Auch die Translationswissenschaft wurde bereits auf dieses Phänomen aufmerksam, was aus dem vermehrten Erscheinen von Literatur zu dem Thema zu schließen ist. In dieser Masterarbeit wird ein Überblick über Crowdsourcing im Allgemeinen und Crowdsourcing Translation im Speziellen geschaffen. Dabei wird behandelt, wie sich diese Arbeitsform entwickelt hat und wo sie angewendet wird. Die Tätigkeit von LaienübersetzerInnen wird oft kritisch betrachtet. Dies war der Anreiz, um die Qualität einer mittels Crowdsourcing erstellten Übersetzung zu bewerten. Dafür wurde die Übersetzung der Facebook-Website ausgewählt, die im Zusammenhang mit Crowdsourcing Translation am häufigsten als Beispiel genannt wird. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die deutsche Übersetzung der genannten Website nach translationswissenschaftlichen Kriterien zu evaluieren und so eine Verbindung zwischen Crowdsourcing und der Übersetzungswissenschaft herzustellen.
description: Crowdsourcing Translation is a relatively new form of work, which has been used more frequently in the last years, especially for the translation of online content. Translation Studies have also already become aware of this, what can be seen in the increase of literature on the topic. This Master´s thesis offers an overview about Crowdsourcing in general and Crowdsourcing Translation specifically. It covers the development of this form of work and where it is used. Translations by amateurs are often seen sceptically, which has been the incentive to evaluate the quality of a translation produced by means of Crowdsourcing. Therefore the translation of the website of Facebook is used, which is often mentioned as a best practice example. This thesis aims to assess the quality of the translation into German of the website mentioned before and further to produce a link between Crowdsourcing and Translation Studies.
Anonymity vs. Identification in Studies of Public Opinion
Creators: name: Cisin, Ira H.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The extremely rapid growth of attitude and opinion research as a field of endeavor has not, in the eyes of some critics, produced the methodological advance which one might expect during the first twenty or twenty-five years of what its practitioners continually refer to as an infant science. This alleged methodological lag may, if it exists, be attributable to the very rapidity of growth, since there have been, as Stouffer has pointed out, so many substantive problems to be met, such a demand for the services of research technicians in problem solving, so many "fires to be put out," that little time and energy have been available for concentration on problems of method. On the other hand, it may be that the popular success of such enterprises as the Gallup Poll have been considered some sort of empirical validation of the methods used by the best-known pollsters.Whether or not methodological progress in attitude measurement has been satisfactory, the major emphasis of what work has been done has been upon the two most basic problems - sampling and questionnaire construction. Relatively little attention has been paid to what might be considered less basic or less important problems like the one to be discussed here; the effect of anonymity as against respondent identification in determining response.In attitude or opinion studies, is there a difference between responses given under anonymous conditions and responses given under conditions calling for identification of the respondent?
Pew Research Center Poll: January News Interest Index--Politics/Tsunami Relief/Domestic & Foreign Policy/Economy/Iraq
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2006

description: George W. Bush job performance (6); direction of country (1); upcoming State of the Union Address (1); George W. Bush's upcoming inaugural address (1); most important problem facing country today (4); how closely followed certain news stories this past month (5); donations to help those affected by earthquake and tsunami in Indian Ocean (3); U.S. share to tsunami relief effort compared to other countries (1); George W. Bush's cabinet choices and other high level appointments for his second term (1); Dick Cheney's influence within Bush administration (1); important issues for President Bush to focus on (2); Republicans and Democrats in Washington this coming year will work together more to solve problems/bicker and oppose one another more than usual (1); George W. Bush listening more to conservative/moderate members of his party when it comes to national policy (1); priorities for President Bush and Congress this year (23); foreign policy problems (10); economy (2); personal finances (2); job opportunities (1); tax cuts (1); Social Security (1); international affairs (2); certain systems in this country need minor/major changes/to be completely rebuilt (5); certain groups will gain/lose influence/not be affected by Bush being in office for another term (11); Iraq (6); war on terrorism (3); best way to pay for increased spending for military defense and homeland security (1); 2004 presidential election (2).
Anonymity vs. Identification in Studies of Public Opinion
Creators: name: Cisin, Ira H.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: The extremely rapid growth of attitude and opinion research as a field of endeavor has not, in the eyes of some critics, produced the methodological advance which one might expect during the first twenty or twenty-five years of what its practitioners continually refer to as an infant science. This alleged methodological lag may, if it exists, be attributable to the very rapidity of growth, since there have been, as Stouffer has pointed out, so many substantive problems to be met, such a demand for the services of research technicians in problem solving, so many "fires to be put out," that little time and energy have been available for concentration on problems of method. On the other hand, it may be that the popular success of such enterprises as the Gallup Poll have been considered some sort of empirical validation of the methods used by the best-known pollsters.Whether or not methodological progress in attitude measurement has been satisfactory, the major emphasis of what work has been done has been upon the two most basic problems - sampling and questionnaire construction. Relatively little attention has been paid to what might be considered less basic or less important problems like the one to be discussed here; the effect of anonymity as against respondent identification in determining response.In attitude or opinion studies, is there a difference between responses given under anonymous conditions and responses given under conditions calling for identification of the respondent?
title: ÜbersetzerInnen in Kriegszeiten
Creators: name: Jellen, Stefanie
Year: 2017

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rolle jener ÜbersetzerInnen, welche während des Zweiten Weltkrieges in Bletchley Park und in den Abhörstationen für den briti-schen Geheimdienst tätig waren. Im Zuge dessen werden die Rekrutierungsprozesse, die an sie gestellten Anforderungen sowie die vorherrschenden Arbeitsbedingungen und –prozesse untersucht. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass die Rekrutierung von ÜbersetzerInnen von der Sprach-politik der Zwischenkriegszeit und der damit einhergehenden Auffassung von sozialer Schicht und Geschlecht gekennzeichnet war und Kenntnisse der jeweiligen Sprache und Kul-tur nur einen Teil der an an sie gestellten Anforderungen ausmachten. Zudem wird festge-stellt, dass die ÜbersetzerInnen für die Informationsverarbeitung im Gefüge des britischen Geheimdienstes während des Zweiten Weltkrieges eine wichtige Rolle einnahmen, sie je-doch aufgrund ihrer Nähe zur Sprache und Kultur des Feindes oft mangelndem Vertrauen bzw. Misstrauen seitens ihrer HandlungspartnerInnen gegenüber standen. Des Weiteren soll im Rahmen dieser Arbeit die Frage beantwortet werden, inwieweit sich dieses mangelnde Vertrauen zusammen mit den komplexen Machtverhältnissen, welche innerhalb des briti-schen Nachrichtendienstes vorherrschten, auf die Arbeit dieser ÜbersetzerInnen auswirkten.
description: This thesis deals with the role of those translators who worked for the British Intelligence Services at Bletchley Park and the Y-stations during the Second World War and analyses the recruitment processes, the requirements as well as the prevailing working conditions and processes. It shows that the recruitment of translators was characterised by the language pol-icy of the interwar period and the corresponding views on social class and gender, with the knowledge of the language and culture being only a part of the demanded requirements. It can be said that the translators played a significant role in the processing of information in the framework of the British Intelligence Services during the Second World War. Yet, their proximity to the enemy’s language and culture often caused a lack of trust or even mistrust on the part of fellow players. Furthermore, this paper seeks to investigate to what extent the prevailing lack of trust, in combination with the complex power structures within the British Intelligence Services, affected the work of the translators.
Use of transformations of correlation coefficients in tests of significance
Creators: name: Byham, Carl H.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences
classificationCode: 4905
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is written with two objectives in mind. The first is to present the common tests of significance in a logical and straightforward manner, with emphasis on tests of the significance of a relationship between variables. These tests are shown to be basically alike and are discussed in terms of the sampling characteristics of the test criteria rather than in terms of specific applications. In line with this first objective, some well-known, but misleading, expositions in the literature of tests of significance are examined and criticized. The second objective is to examine a new criterion for testing the significance of r, a measure of the correlation between two variables. The new criterion is called g and its sampling distributions are compared on probability paper with those of r and of Fisher's z transformation of r.
Baby Universes and Worldline Field Theories
Creators: name: Casali, Eduardo
name: Marolf, Donald
name: Maxfield, Henry
name: Rangamani, Mukund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum gravity path integral involves a sum over topologies that invites comparisons to worldsheet string theory and to Feynman diagrams of quantum field theory. However, the latter are naturally associated with the non-abelian algebra of quantum fields, while the former has been argued to define an abelian algebra of superselected observables associated with partition-function-like quantities at an asymptotic boundary. We resolve this apparent tension by pointing out a variety of discrete choices that must be made in constructing a Hilbert space from such path integrals, and arguing that the natural choices for quantum gravity differ from those used to construct QFTs. We focus on one-dimensional models of quantum gravity in order to make direct comparisons with worldline QFT.
description: 37 pages, 3 figures. v2: fixed typos, added reference. v3: additional comments, references updated. v4: further improvements, added references
Viver Numa Unidade de Cuidados Especiais para Recém-nascidos - Um Risco... Uma Oportunidade
Creators: name: Gomes Pedro, João
name: Torgal, Fernanda
name: Sobral, Filipa
name: Goldschimidt, Teresa
Publisher: name: Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics
Year: 2014

description: Portuguese Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 35 n.º 3 (2004)
DOA Estimation for Transmit Beamspace MIMO Radar via Tensor Decomposition with Vandermonde Factor Matrix
Creators: name: Xu, Feng
name: Morency, Matthew W.
name: Vorobyov, Sergiy A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We address the problem of tensor decomposition in application to direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for transmit beamspace (TB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. A general 4-order tensor model that enables computationally efficient DOA estimation is designed. Whereas other tensor decomposition-based methods treat all factor matrices as arbitrary, the essence of the proposed DOA estimation method is to fully exploit the Vandermonde structure of the factor matrices to take advantage of the shift-invariance between and within different subarrays. Specifically, the received signal of TB MIMO radar is expressed as a 4-order tensor. Depending on the target Doppler shifts, the constructed tensor is reshaped into two distinct 3-order tensors. A computationally efficient tensor decomposition method is proposed to decompose the Vandermonde factor matrices. The generators of the Vandermonde factor matrices are computed to estimate the phase rotations between subarrays, which can be utilized as a look-up table for finding target DOA. It is further shown that our proposed method can be used in a more general scenario where the subarray structures can be arbitrary but identical. The proposed DOA estimation method requires no prior information about the tensor rank and is guaranteed to achieve precise decomposition result. Simulation results illustrate the performance improvement of the proposed DOA estimation method as compared to conventional DOA estimation techniques for TB MIMO Radar.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
title: Die Institution Posol’skij prikaz am Hofe Peters I. und ihre translatorischen Handlungen
Creators: name: Kvok, Alexandra
Year: 2017

description: Die Translationsgeschichte hat einen besonderen Stellenwert für die Translationsforschung. Aus diesem Grund beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit einem besonderen Zeitabschnitt in der Geschichte Russlands – der Herrschaftsperiode von Peter dem Großen Ende des XVII. Anfang des XVIII. Jahrhunderts. Der Fokus liegt auf den Translatoren von Posol’skij prikaz, der zu dieser Zeit eine Art Amt für äußere Angelegenheiten darstellte. Anhand von sozialwissenschaftlichen Modellen wird eine Antwort auf die Frage, ob Posol’skij prikaz eine Institution war, gefunden. Die Untersuchung zeigte, dass Posol’skij prikaz alle Merkmale einer Institution aufzeigte und, dass er somit als eine Institution angesehen werden kann. Des Wei-teren befasst sich die Arbeit mit der Erforschung der Translatoren von Posol’skij prikaz unter Anwendung des Konzepts von Anthony Pym (1998, 2009) über die Humanisierung der Translationsgeschichte. Deswegen geht diese Arbeit detailliert auf die Lebens-, Beschäfti-gungsbedingungen und den sozialen bzw. gesellschaftlichen Stand der Translatoren des Po-sol’skij prikaz. Die Forschungsfrage nach der Translationspolitik Peters des Großen ist nach einer Analyse der Zeitabschnitte vor und während seiner Regentschaft beantwortet. Sie hat gezeigt, dass Peter I. eindeutig eine zielgerichtete Translationspolitik betrieb, um die Aufklä-rung in Russland voranzutreiben und Kontakte mit dem Ausland auszuweiten.
Use of transformations of correlation coefficients in tests of significance
Creators: name: Byham, Carl H.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This paper is written with two objectives in mind. The first is to present the common tests of significance in a logical and straightforward manner, with emphasis on tests of the significance of a relationship between variables. These tests are shown to be basically alike and are discussed in terms of the sampling characteristics of the test criteria rather than in terms of specific applications. In line with this first objective, some well-known, but misleading, expositions in the literature of tests of significance are examined and criticized. The second objective is to examine a new criterion for testing the significance of r, a measure of the correlation between two variables. The new criterion is called g and its sampling distributions are compared on probability paper with those of r and of Fisher's z transformation of r.
Exploring ligand interactions with human phosphomannomutases using recombinant bacterial thermal shift assay and biochemical validation
Creators: name: Monticelli, Maria
name: Mele, Bruno Hay
name: Wright, Demi Marie
name: Guerriero, Simone
name: Andreotti, Giuseppina
name: Cubellis, Maria Vittoria
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Protein-ligand binding
subject: Protein stability
subject: CeTSA
subject: ReBaTSA
subject: In silico docking
subject: Phosphomannomutase-2
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: PMM2-CDG, a disease caused by mutations in phosphomannomutase-2, is the most common congenital disorder of glycosylation. Yet, it still lacks a cure. Targeting phosphomannomutase-2 with pharmacological chaperones or inhibiting the phosphatase activity of phosphomannomutase-1 to enhance intracellular glucose-1,6-bisphosphate have been proposed as therapeutical approaches. We used Recombinant Bacterial Thermal Shift Assay to assess the binding of a substrate analog to phosphomannomutase-2 and the specific binding to phosphomannomutase-1 of an FDA-approved drug - clodronate. We also deepened the clodronate binding by enzyme activity assays and in silico docking. Our results confirmed the selective binding of clodronate to phosphomannomutase-1 and shed light on such binding.
The Bureau of Agricultural Economics as a Functional Unit of the Federal Government
Creators: name: Wernimont, Kenneth
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The growing importance of economics in the solution of national agricultural problems and the ever expanding scope of activity in which the Federal Government of the United States engages are each of the contributing problems to the field of Public Administration, which have made this study seem timely and worthwhile. It has been undertaken because of the writer's personal interest in agriculture and because the study of an active Bureau of the Federal Government here in Washington offers unusual opportunities for observation - especially in those times when momentous questions of public policy are flung from newspaper headlines in almost every edition.
Pew Research Center Poll: May 2010, Omnibus Week 2--Congress/Supreme Court
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2010

description: Direction of country (1); Congressional job performance (1); Barack Obama job performance (1); confidence in government (1); Congress acting on certain issues (5); following specific news stories (6); most followed story (1); confirming Elena Kagan to Supreme Court (1); press covering Elena Kagan (1); learning about Elena Kagan (1); press covering Supreme Court nominees (7); worries about financial regulation (1).
How many roots of a system of random trigonometric polynomials are real?
Creators: name: Kazarnovskii, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B99, 14M25

description: The expected number of zeros of a random real polynomial of degree $N$ asymptotically equals $\frac{2}π\log N$. On the other hand, the average fraction of real zeros of a random trigonometric polynomial of increasing degree $N$ converges to not $0$ but to $1/\sqrt 3$. An average number of roots of a system of random trigonometric polynomials in several variables is equal to the mixed volume of some ellipsoids depending on the degrees of polynomials. Comparing this formula with Theorem BKK we prove that the phenomenon of nonzero fraction of real roots remains valid.
Current Status of Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Report of a Workshop of the German Heart Transplant Centers, Martinsried, March 3, 2023
Creators: name: Schmoeckel, Michael
name: Längin, Matthias
name: Reichart, Bruno
name: Abicht, Jan-Michael
name: Bender, Martin
name: Michel, Sebastian
name: Kamla, Christine-Elena
name: Denner, Joachim
name: Tönjes, Ralf Reinhard
name: Schwinzer, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: xenotransplantation
subject: preclinical
subject: clinical
subject: cardiac
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: This report comprises the contents of the presentations and following discussions of a workshop of the German Heart Transplant Centers in Martinsried, Germany on cardiac xenotransplantation. The production and current availability of genetically modified donor pigs, preservation techniques during organ harvesting, and immunosuppressive regimens in the recipient are described. Selection criteria for suitable patients and possible solutions to the problem of overgrowth of the xenotransplant are discussed. Obviously microbiological safety for the recipient and close contacts is essential, and ethical considerations to gain public acceptance for clinical applications are addressed. The first clinical trial will be regulated and supervised by the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute as the National Competent Authority for Germany, and the German Heart Transplant Centers agreed to cooperatively select the first patients for cardiac xenotransplantation.
Large $N$ limit of the $O(N)$ linear sigma model in 3D
Creators: name: Shen, Hao
name: Zhu, Rongchan
name: Zhu, Xiangchan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the large N limit of the $O(N)$-invariant linear sigma model, which is a vector-valued generalization of the $Φ^4$ quantum field theory, on the three dimensional torus. We study the problem via its stochastic quantization, which yields a coupled system of N interacting SPDEs. We prove tightness of the invariant measures in the large N limit. For large enough mass or small enough coupling constant, they converge to the (massive) Gaussian free field at a rate of order $1/\sqrt N$ with respect to the Wasserstein distance. We also obtain tightness results for certain $O(N)$ invariant observables. These generalize some of the results in \cite{SSZZ20} from two dimensions to three dimensions. The proof leverages the method recently developed by \cite{GH18} and combines many new techniques such as uniform in $N$ estimates on perturbative objects as well as the solutions.
description: 46 pages
Pew Research Center: May 2016 Cybersecurity Survey
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2017

description: Trusting others (1); internet usage (2); device usage (1); cell phone usage (3); social media sites (1); online accounts (5); confidence in government and companies to keep your information safe (8); personal experiences of compromised information (7); passwords (14); two-factor or two-step authentication (1); smart phone security (5); accessing internet in public places (5); encryption (1); cyberattack on U.S. (4); cyberattack preparedness of businesses (1); cyberattacks in the news (5).
title: Herausforderungen beim Übersetzen von Fachtexten in Leichte Sprache
Creators: name: Pavlov, Tamara
Year: 2017

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit behandelt die Aspekte des Übersetzens von Fachtexten in Leichte Sprache und die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen. Dazu wurde eine intralinguale Übersetzungsanalyse des Chancengleichheitsgesetzes Wien durchgeführt. Zu Beginn der Arbeit wurde das Fachübersetzen in einzelnen Schritten behandelt, welche die Fachkommunikation allgemein, sowie die Charakterisierung von Fachsprache und Fachtexten beinhalten. Des Weiteren wurde der funktionale Ansatz des Fachübersetzens und dessen Bedeutung für die vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet. In Kapitel 2 wurde schließlich die Leichte Sprache sowie ihre Merkmale und Regelwerke behandelt. Das Übersetzen in Leichte Sprache wurde mittels einer modifizierten Definition des Fachübersetzens der Fachkommunikation und somit dem Fachübersetzen zugeordnet. Die anschließende Betrachtung der makro- und mikrostrukturellen Merkmale von Leichte-Sprache Texten wurde für die darauffolgende intralinguale Übersetzungsanalyse als nötig erachtet. Einen wichtigen Bestandteil dieser Arbeit stellt auch die Kritik an Leichter Sprache und die Übersetzung in dieselbe dar. Aus diesem Grund wurde bei der intralingualen Übersetzungsanalyse das Modell der Übersetzunskritik von Ammann (1990) verwendet und dabei Strategien aus der Linguistischen Textanalyse von Brinker (72010) angewendet. Dabei wurden sowohl der Ausgangstext als auch das Translat auf ihre Funktion und intratextuelle Kohärenz analysiert. Im Anschluss erfolgte eine ausführliche Analyse der intertextuellen Kohärenz von Ausgangstext und Translat. Des Weiteren wurden aufgrund der erworbenen Erkenntnisse weitere Kritikpunkte an der Übersetzung in Leichte Sprache hinzugefügt sowie ihre Funktionalität in Frage gestellt. Im Zuge der Übersetzungsanalyse wurde ausführlich auf die Herausforderungen beim Übersetzen von Fachtexten in Leichte Sprache hingewiesen.