cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Novel aspects of age-protection by spermidine supplementation are associated with preserved telomere length
Creators: name: Wirth, Alexander
name: Wolf, Bettina
name: Huang, Cheng-Kai
name: Glage, Silke
name: Hofer, Sebastian J.
name: Bankstahl, Marion
name: Bar, Christian
name: Thum, Thomas
name: Kahl, Kai G.
name: Sigrist, Stephan J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Spermidine
subject: Ageing
subject: Hair growth
subject: Glucose metabolism
subject: PET
subject: Cardiac telomeres
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Ageing provokes a plethora of molecular, cellular and physiological deteriorations, including heart failure, neurodegeneration, metabolic maladaptation, telomere attrition and hair loss. Interestingly, on the molecular level, the capacity to induce autophagy, a cellular recycling and cleaning process, declines with age across a large spectrum of model organisms and is thought to be responsible for a subset of age-induced changes. Here, we show that a 6-month administration of the natural autophagy inducer spermidine in the drinking water to aged mice is sufficient to significantly attenuate distinct age-associated phenotypes. These include modulation of brain glucose metabolism, suppression of distinct cardiac inflammation parameters, decreased number of pathological sights in kidney and liver and decrease of age-induced hair loss. Interestingly, spermidine-mediated age protection was associated with decreased telomere attrition, arguing in favour of a novel cellular mechanism behind the anti-ageing effects of spermidine administration.
B. Constant, Correspondance générale, publiée sous la direction de C. P. Courtney, III: (1795–1799). Textes établis et annotés par C. P. Courtney, B. Anelli et D. Wood avec la collaboration de P. Rickard et A. Tooke, 2003
Creators: name: Stein, W. H.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: Francia, Bd. 32 Nr. 2 (2005)
Alison Carrol, The Return of Alsace to France. 1918–1939, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2018
Creators: name: Petznick, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2019

description: Alison Carrol, The Return of Alsace to France. 1918–1939, Oxford (Oxford University Press) 2018, XVI–230 p., 3 fig., 2 tabl., 1 map, ISBN 978-0-19-880391-1, GBP 60,00
description: Francia-Recensio, 2019/2
Calendar age and puberty-related development of regional gray matter volume and white matter tracts during adolescence
Creators: name: Ando, Ayaka
name: Parzer, Peter
name: Kaess, Michael
name: Schell, Susanne
name: Henze, Romy
name: Delorme, Stefan
name: Stieltjes, Bram
name: Resch, Franz
name: Brunner, Romuald
name: Koenig, Julian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adolescent brain development
subject: Puberty
subject: Age
subject: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
subject: Gray matter volume
subject: White matter tracts
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Background Adolescence is a critical time for brain development. Findings from previous studies have been inconsistent, failing to distinguish the influence of pubertal status and aging on brain maturation. The current study sought to address these inconsistencies, addressing the trajectories of pubertal development and aging by longitudinally tracking structural brain development during adolescence. Methods Two cohorts of healthy children were recruited (cohort 1: 9-10 years old; cohort 2: 12-13 years old at baseline). MRI data were acquired for gray matter volume and white matter tract measures. To determine whether age, pubertal status, both or their interaction best modelled longitudinal data, we compared four multi-level linear regression models to the null model (general brain growth indexed by total segmented volume) using Bayesian model selection. Results Data were collected at baseline (n = 116), 12 months (n = 97) and 24 months (n = 84) after baseline. Findings demonstrated that the development of most regional gray matter volume, and white matter tract measures, were best modelled by age. Interestingly, precentral and paracentral regions of the cortex, as well as the accumbens demonstrated significant preference for the pubertal status model. None of the white matter tract measures were better modelled by pubertal status. Limitations: The major limitation of this study is the two-cohort recruitment. Although this allowed a faster coverage of the age span, a complete per person trajectory over 6 years of development (9-15 years) could not be investigated. Conclusions Comparing the impact of age and pubertal status on regional gray matter volume and white matter tract measures, we found age to best predict longitudinal changes. Further longitudinal studies investigating the differential influence of puberty status and age on brain development in more diverse samples are needed to replicate the present results and address mechanisms underlying norm-variants in brain development.
Geo-Climatic Changes and Apomixis as Major Drivers of Diversification in the Mediterranean Sea Lavenders (Limonium Mill.)
Creators: name: Koutroumpa, Konstantina
name: Warren, Ben H.
name: Theodoridis, Spyros
name: Coiro, Mario
name: Romeiras, Maria M.
name: Jiménez, Ares
name: Conti, Elena
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Messinian salinity crisis
subject: Mediterranean climate
subject: sea-level fluctuations
subject: asexual reproduction
subject: in situ diversification
subject: island biogeography
subject: Macaronesia
subject: long-distance dispersal
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: The Mediterranean realm, comprising the Mediterranean and Macaronesian regions, has long been recognized as one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, owing to its remarkable species richness and endemism. Several hypotheses on biotic and abiotic drivers of species diversification in the region have been often proposed but rarely tested in an explicit phylogenetic framework. Here, we investigate the impact of both species-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors on diversification in the species-rich, cosmopolitan Limonium, an angiosperm genus with center of diversity in the Mediterranean. First, we infer and time-calibrate the largest Limonium phylogeny to date. We then estimate ancestral ranges and diversification dynamics at both global and regional scales. At the global scale, we test whether the identified shifts in diversification rates are linked to specific geological and/or climatic events in the Mediterranean area and/or asexual reproduction (apomixis). Our results support a late Paleogene origin in the proto-Mediterranean area for Limonium, followed by extensive in situ diversification in the Mediterranean region during the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene. We found significant increases of diversification rates in the "Mediterranean lineage" associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis, onset of Mediterranean climate, Plio-Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations, and apomixis. Additionally, the Euro-Mediterranean area acted as the major source of species dispersals to the surrounding areas. At the regional scale, we infer the biogeographic origins of insular endemics in the oceanic archipelagos of Macaronesia, and test whether woodiness in the Canarian Nobiles clade is a derived trait linked to insular life and a biotic driver of diversification. We find that Limonium species diversity on the Canary Islands and Cape Verde archipelagos is the product of multiple colonization events followed by in situ diversification, and that woodiness of the Canarian endemics is indeed a derived trait but is not associated with a significant shift to higher diversification rates. Our study expands knowledge on how the interaction between abiotic and biotic drivers shape the uneven distribution of species diversity across taxonomic and geographical scales.
Molybdenum systematics of subducted crust record reactive fluid flow from underlying slab serpentine dehydration
Creators: name: Chen, Shuo
name: Hin, Remco C.
name: John, Timm
name: Brooker, Richard
name: Bryan, Ben
name: Niu, Yaoling
name: Elliott, Tim
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: geochemistry
subject: geodynamics
subject: mineralogy
subject: petrology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::549 Mineralogie

description: Fluids liberated from subducting slabs are critical in global geochemical cycles. We investigate the behaviour of Mo during slab dehydration using two suites of exhumed fragments of subducted, oceanic lithosphere. Our samples display a positive correlation of δ98/95MoNIST 3134 with Mo/Ce, from compositions close to typical mantle (−0.2‰ and 0.03, respectively) to very low values of both δ98/95MoNIST 3134 (−1‰) and Mo/Ce (0.002). Together with new, experimental data, we show that molybdenum isotopic fractionation is driven by preference of heavier Mo isotopes for a fluid phase over rutile, the dominant mineral host of Mo in eclogites. Moreover, the strongly perturbed δ98/95MoNIST 3134 and Mo/Ce of our samples requires that they experienced a large flux of oxidised fluid. This is consistent with channelised, reactive fluid flow through the subducted crust, following dehydration of the underlying, serpentinised slab mantle. The high δ98/95MoNIST 3134 of some arc lavas is the complement to this process.
Isotopenhydrogeologische Untersuchungen im südlichen Salzburger Becken (Golling, Kuchl, Vigaun, Hallein), Österreich
Creators: name: Höfer-Öllinger, Giorgio
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Aquifergenese
subject: Stabile Isotope
subject: Alpine Täler
subject: Gletscherrückzug
subject: Delta
subject: Salzburger Becken
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Trotz seiner Bedeutung in der Trinkwasserversorgung ist die Herkunft des Grundwassers des Gamper Brunnenfelds (GBF) im Südlichen Salzburger Becken (SSB) ungeklärt. Eine 2014 bis 2016 durchgeführte Studie unter Verwendung von stabilen Isotopen und einer numerischen 2D-Modellierung führte zu wichtigen Erkenntnissen, aber auch zu widersprüchlichen Schlussfolgerungen: Die dabei numerisch nachgewiesene Anspeisung des GBF durch die nahe Salzach ist aus Sicht der stabilen Isotope nicht möglich. Im Zeitraum 2017 bis 2019 wurden in einer weiteren Studie an 17 Messstellen Proben zur Analytik stabiler Isotope entnommen und anstatt einer numerischen Modellierung eine umfassende Betrachtung der Aquifergenese auf Basis der aktuellen Literatur und moderner Ansätze geomorphologischer Entwicklung alpiner Täler durchgeführt. In die Betrachtungen wurden hydraulische, hydrochemische und physikalische Eigenschaften des Grundwassers einbezogen. Als Ergebnis liegt ein Konzeptmodell vor, das für alle Eigenschaften der betroffenen Grundwasservorkommen eine schlüssige Erklärung darstellt. Von Bedeutung ist dabei, dass die instationäre Versickerung der Taugl zu einer partiellen Fraktionierung stabiler Isotope führt.
Characterising and maximising aggregate flexibility of heterogeneous energy storage units
Creators: name: Evans, Michael
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: This thesis presents methods for the aggregation, scheduling and dispatch of fleets of heterogeneous storage units. We start with real-time control, where we present policies that are unambiguously optimal, regardless of the future; in terms of time-to-failure, energy-not-served and flexibility. In the first instance, this optimality is achieved by restricting the operating regime: to unidirectional operation with no cross-charging among devices. We present policies in continuous and discrete time, both for nominal operation and recovery between events. Once dispatch is guaranteed to maximise flexibility, it is coupled with a matching aggregate representation for scheduling ahead of real-time. As an exact characterisation of the capabilities of the fleet, this can also be used as a binary check on request feasibility, or to optimise ancillary service specification or perform comparisons among fleets. We then present a generic aggregation framework based on the aforementioned scheduling and dispatch routines, for application to coupled discharge-recovery operation. This is scalable, in the sense that it can be applied to a hierarchical aggregation structure and incorporates a complexity-reducing toolkit using a virtual battery fleet. Moreover, the framework inherits maximum discharging capabilities and guaranteed feasibility of round-trip operation, with the additional property of minimum recovery time. Later on, we justify the restrictions to the operating regime, by showing that these achieve optimality under the majority of ancillary services procured by system operators today. We then relax these conditions, and instead place specific restrictions on the variation of device parameters across the fleet. This provides an alternative means to precipitate set-theoretic optima, and we present a policy that achieves optimality in this new setting. An algorithm is provided, through which the user can implement any of the presented dispatch policies in discrete time systems or simulation studies.
Impact of dietary sulfolipid-derived sulfoquinovose on gut microbiota composition and inflammatory status of colitis-prone interleukin-10-deficient mice
Creators: name: Burkhardt, Wiebke
name: Rausch, Theresa
name: Klopfleisch, Robert
name: Blaut, Michael
name: Braune, Annett
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sulfonate
subject: Sulfoquinovose
subject: Spirulina
subject: Inflammatory bowel disease
subject: Bilophila wadsworthia
subject: Taurocholate
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The interplay between diet, intestinal microbiota and host is a major factor impacting health. A diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids has been reported to stimulate the growth of Bilophila wadsworthia by increasing the proportion of the sulfonated bile acid taurocholate (TC). The taurine-induced overgrowth of B. wadsworthia promoted the development of colitis in interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10-/-) mice. This study aimed to investigate whether intake of the sulfonates sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDG) with a dietary supplement or their degradation product sulfoquinovose (SQ), stimulate the growth of B. wadsworthia in a similar manner and, thereby, cause intestinal inflammation. Conventional IL-10-/- mice were fed a diet supplemented with the SQDG-rich cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina). SQ or TC were orally applied to conventional IL-10-/- mice and gnotobiotic IL-10-/- mice harboring a simplified human intestinal microbiota with or without B. wadsworthia. Analyses of inflammatory parameters revealed that none of the sulfonates induced severe colitis, but both, Spirulina and TC, induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cecal mucosa. Cell numbers of B. wadsworthia decreased almost two orders of magnitude by Spirulina feeding but slightly increased in gnotobiotic SQ and conventional TC mice. Changes in microbiota composition were observed in feces as a result of Spirulina or TC feeding in conventional mice. In conclusion, the dietary sulfonates SQDG and their metabolite SQ did not elicit bacteria-induced intestinal inflammation in IL-10-/- mice and, thus, do not promote colitis.
Structural characterization of fondaparinux interaction with per-6-amino-beta-cyclodextrin: An NMR and MS study
Creators: name: Várnai, Bianka
name: Grabarics, Márkó
name: Szakács, Zoltán
name: Pagel, Kevin
name: Malanga, Milo
name: Sohajda, Tamás
name: Béni, Szabolcs
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Heparin
subject: NMR
subject: Electrostatic interaction
subject: Antidote
subject: Degradation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The highly anionic synthetic pentasaccharide fondaparinux (FDPX) – representing the antithrombin binding sequence of heparin – is in clinical use as a potent anticoagulant. Contrary to the unfractionated heparin, FDPX lacks potent antidote completely reversing its anticoagulant activity, therefore it is of great importance to identify new structures exhibiting strong intermolecular interactions towards FDPX. The polycationic heptakis(6-amino-6-deoxy)-beta-cyclodextrin (NH2-β-CD) can serve as an excellent model compound to mimic these interactions between the oppositely charged oligosaccharides. Herein, extensive NMR spectroscopic and nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (nESI-MS) studies were conducted to understand the molecular-level interactions in the FDPX - NH2-β-CD systems. NMR experiments were performed at pD 7.4 and 2.0. Job’s method of continuous variation and 1H NMR titration experiments suggested the formation of FDPX∙NH2-β-CD complex at pD 7.4, while the presence of multiple complexes was assumed at pD 2.0. Stability constants were determined by separate 1H NMR titrations, yielding log β11=3.65 ± 0.02 at pD 7.4, while log β11 ≥ 4.9 value suggested a high-affinity system at pD 2.0. 2D NOESY NMR studies indicated spatial proximities between the anomeric resonance α-l-iduronic acid residue and the cyclodextrin’s methylene unit in the proximity of the cationic amino function. Acidic degradation of FDPX was investigated by NMR and MS for the first time in detail confirming that desulfation occurs involving one to two sulfate moieties. The desulfation of FDPX was inhibited by the cationic cyclodextrin in the case of equimolar ratio at pD 2.0. This is the first report on the stabilizing effect of cyclodextrin complexation on heparin degradation.
Frank Berger, Untersuchungen zu römerzeitlichen Fundmünzen in Nordwestdeutschland
Creators: name: Castritius, Helmut
Publisher: name: Bonner Jahrbücher
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Frank Berger, Untersuchungen zu römerzeitlichen Fundmünzen in Nordwestdeutschland. Studien zu Fundmünzen der Antike, Band 9. Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin 1992. 259 Seiten, 70 Abbildungen im Text
description: Bonner Jahrbücher, Bd. 196.1996(1997): Bonner Jahrbücher
Bauforschung auf Schloss Tirol, Studi di Storia edilizia a Castel Tirolo
Creators: name: Meckseper, Cord
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Bauforschung auf Schloss Tirol, Studi di Storia edilizia a Castel Tirolo. Heft 1, hrsg. vom Landesmuseum Schloss Tirol im Auftrag der Autonomen Provinz Bozen-Südtirol, Ressort für Bauten und Informatik, o. O. 1999 (Südtiroler Landesmuseum für Kultur- und Landesgeschichte, Schloss Tirol, I - 39019 Dorf Tirol). 48 S., 34 s/w-Abb
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 41 Nr. 3 (2000): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Charmonia production in ALICE
Creators: name: Suire, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quarkonia states are expected to provide essential information on the properties of the high-density strongly-interacting system formed in the early stages of high-energy heavy-ion collisions. ALICE is the LHC experiment dedicated to the study of nucleus-nucleus collisions and can study charmonia at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4) via the mu+ mu- decay channel and at mid rapidity (|y| < 0.9) via the e+ e- decay channel. In both cases charmonia are measured down to zero transverse momentum. The inclusive J/psi production as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity in pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 2.76 and 7 TeV are presented. For pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV, the inclusive J/psi production as a function of the charged particle multiplicity, the inclusive J/psi polarization at forward rapidity and the J/psi prompt to non-prompt fraction are discussed. Finally, the analysis of the inclusive J/psi production in the Pb-Pb data collected fall 2011 at a center of mass energy of sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV is presented. Results on the nuclear modification factor are then shown as a function of centrality, transverse momentum and rapidity and compared to model predictions. First results on inclusive J/psi elliptic flow are given.
description: Proceedings of plenary talk at the 5th international conference on hard and electromagnetic probes of high-energy nuclear collisions (Hard Probes 2012), Cagliari, Italy. 8 pages, 8 figures
Burgen und Schlösser im Westerwald. Historische Wehr- und Wohnbauten zwischen Sieg, Lahn, Dill und Rhein. Herausgegeben von der Kreisverwaltung des Westerwaldkreises
Creators: name: Meckseper, Cord
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Burgen und Schlösser im Westerwald. Historische Wehr- und Wohnbauten zwischen Sieg, Lahn, Dill und Rhein. Herausgegeben von der Kreisverwaltung des Westerwaldkreises. Montabaur: Verlag der Museen des Westerwaldkreises 1999, 103 Seiten, zahlreiche Farb- und Schwarzweißabbildungen, kartoniert. ISBN 3-930081-12-1 (Landschaftsmuseum Westerwald, Im Burggarten, 57627 Hachenburg)
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 41 Nr. 4 (2000): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
The space group classification of topological band insulators
Creators: name: Slager, Robert-Jan
name: Mesaros, Andrej
name: Juricic, Vladimir
name: Zaanen, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological band insulators (TBIs) are bulk insulating materials which feature topologically protected metallic states on their boundary. The existing classification departs from time-reversal symmetry, but the role of the crystal lattice symmetries in the physics of these topological states remained elusive. Here we provide the classification of TBIs protected not only by time-reversal, but also by crystalline symmetries. We find three broad classes of topological states: (a) Gamma-states robust against general time-reversal invariant perturbations; (b) Translationally-active states protected from elastic scattering, but susceptible to topological crystalline disorder; (c) Valley topological insulators sensitive to the effects of non-topological and crystalline disorder. These three classes give rise to 18 different two-dimensional, and, at least 70 three-dimensional TBIs, opening up a route for the systematic search for new types of TBIs.
description: Accepted in Nature Physics
Social Media Conundrum.docx
Creators: name: Salazar Perez, Alana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: It is essential to balance social media use and cultivate a healthy relationship with it. Here are some tips for staying positive on social media, navigating potential risks, and shifting our perspective for a more enjoyable experience.
Non-classical polyinterhalides of chlorine monofluoride: experimental and theoretical characterization of [F(ClF)3]−
Creators: name: Pröhm, Patrick
name: Schwarze, Nico
name: Müller, Carsten
name: Steinhauer, Simon
name: Beckers, Helmut
name: Rupf, Susanne M.
name: Riedel, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: non-classical Cl(I) polyinterhalide
subject: homologous polychloride
subject: synthesis
subject: characterization
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: We present the synthesis and characterization of the first non-classical Cl(I) polyinterhalide [NMe4][F(ClF)3] as well as the homologous polychloride [NPr3Me][Cl7]. Both salts were obtained from the reaction of the corresponding ammonium chlorides with ClF or Cl2, respectively. Quantum-chemical investigations predict an unexpected planar structure for the [F(ClF)3]− anion.
Andreas Schlunk/Robert Giersch, Die Ritter. Geschichte – Kultur – Alltagsleben
Creators: name: Dollen, Busso Von Der
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: Rezension zu: Andreas Schlunk/Robert Giersch, Die Ritter. Geschichte – Kultur – Alltagsleben, Stuttgart: Theiss Verlag 2003, 159 Seiten (Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung im Historischen Museum der Pfalz), Speyer 2003. ISBN 3-8062-1791-2
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 44 Nr. 2 (2003): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Globally generated vector bundles of rank 2 on a smooth quadric threefold
Creators: name: Ballico, Edoardo
name: Huh, Sukmoon
name: Malaspina, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F99, 14J99

description: We investigate the existence of globally generated vector bundles of rank 2 with $c_1\leq 3$ on a smooth quadric threefold and determine their Chern classes. As an automatic consequence, every rank 2 globally generated vector bundle on $Q$ with $c_1=3$ is an odd instanton up to twist.
description: 18 pages; section7 is added; Comments welcome
Otto Warburg and his contributions to the screw pine family (Pandanaceae)
Creators: name: Callmander, Martin W.
name: Vogt, Robert
name: Donatelli, Anna
name: Buerki, Sven
name: Nepi, Chiara
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Benstonea
subject: epitype
subject: Freycinetia
subject: lectotype
subject: neotype
subject: new synonym
subject: nomenclature
subject: Otto Warburg
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Otto Warburg (1859–1938) had a great interest in tropical botany. He travelled in South-East Asia and the South Pacific between 1885 and 1889 and brought back a considerable collection of plant specimens from this expedition later donated to the Royal Botanical Museum in Berlin. Warburg published the first comprehensive monograph on the family Pandanaceae in 1900 in the third issue of Das Pflanzenreich established and edited by Adolf Engler (1844–1930). The aim of this article is to clarify the taxonomy, nomenclature and typification of Warburg's contributions to the Pandanaceae. Considerable parts of Warburg's original material was destroyed in Berlin during World War II but duplicates survived, shared by Engler and Warburg with Ugolino Martelli (1860–1934). Martelli was an expert on the family and he assembled a precious herbarium of Pandanaceae that was later donated to the Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze. Warburg published 86 new names in Pandanaceae between 1898 and 1909 (five new sections, 69 new species, five new varieties, two new combinations and five replacement names). A complete review of the material extant in B and FI led to the conclusion that 38 names needed a nomenclatural act: 34 lectotypes, three neotypes and one epitype are designated here. Twenty new synonyms are also proposed. One Freycinetia name and six Pandanus names are considered as incertae sedis. A total of 21 names published by Warburg are accepted: 11 in Freycinetia and ten in Pandanus. In addition, four names published in Pandanus by Warburg serve as the basionyms of accepted names in the genus Benstonea.
Neural partial differential equations for chaotic systems
Creators: name: Gelbrecht, Maximilian
name: Boers, Niklas
name: Kurths, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: complex systems
subject: nonlinear dynamics
subject: prediction
subject: machine learning
subject: hybrid model
subject: partial differential equations
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: When predicting complex systems one typically relies on differential equation which can often be incomplete, missing unknown influences or higher order effects. By augmenting the equations with artificial neural networks we can compensate these deficiencies. We show that this can be used to predict paradigmatic, high-dimensional chaotic partial differential equations even when only short and incomplete datasets are available. The forecast horizon for these high dimensional systems is about an order of magnitude larger than the length of the training data.
Not-So-Innocent Anions Determine the Mechanism of Cationic Alkylators
Creators: name: Taimoory, S. Maryamdokht
name: Cataldo, Vincenzo Alessandro
name: Schäfer, Andreas
name: Trant, John F.
name: Guterman, Ryan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: alkylation
subject: colloids
subject: computational chemistry
subject: ionic liquids
subject: reaction mechanisms
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Alkylating reagents based on thioimidazolium ionic liquids were synthesized and the influence of the anion on the alkylation reaction mechanism explored in detail using both experimental and computational methods. Thioimidazolium cations transfer alkyl substituents to nucleophiles, however the reaction rate was highly dependent on anion identity, demonstrating that the anion is not innocent in the mechanism. Detailed analysis of the computationally-derived potential energy surfaces associated with possible mechanisms indicated that this dependence arises from a combination of anion induced electronic, steric and coordinating effects, with highly nucleophilic anions catalyzing a 2-step process while highly non-nucleophilic, delocalized anions favor a 1-step reaction. This work also confirms the presence of ion-pairs and aggregates in solution thus supporting anion-induced control over the reaction rate and mechanism. These findings provide new insight into an old reaction allowing for better design of cationic alkylators in synthesis, gene expression, polymer science, and protein chemistry applications.
Environmental heterogeneity predicts global species richness patterns better than area
Creators: name: Udy, Kristy
name: Fritsch, Matthias
name: Meyer, Katrin M.
name: Grass, Ingo
name: Hanß, Sebastian
name: Hartig, Florian
name: Kneib, Thomas
name: Kreft, Holger
name: Kukunda, Collins B.
name: Tietjen, Britta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: area
subject: biodiversity
subject: biogeographical region
subject: environmental heterogeneity
subject: global species richness
subject: species-area relationship
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Aim It is widely accepted that biodiversity is influenced by both niche‐related and spatial processes from local to global scales. Their relative importance, however, is still disputed, and empirical tests are surprisingly scarce at the global scale. Here, we compare the importance of area (as a proxy for pure spatial processes) and environmental heterogeneity (as a proxy for niche‐related processes) for predicting native mammal species richness world‐wide and within biogeographical regions. Location Global. Time period We analyse a spatial snapshot of richness data collated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Major taxa studied All terrestrial mammal species, including possibly extinct species and species with uncertain presence. Methods We applied a spreading dye algorithm to analyse how native mammal species richness changes with area and environmental heterogeneity. As measures for environmental heterogeneity, we used elevation ranges and precipitation ranges, which are well‐known correlates of species richness. Results We found that environmental heterogeneity explained species richness relationships better than did area, suggesting that niche‐related processes are more prevalent than pure area effects at broad scales. Main conclusions Our results imply that niche‐related processes are essential to understand broad‐scale species–area relationships and that habitat diversity is more important than area alone for the protection of global biodiversity.
Effects of dietary cellobiose on the intestinal microbiota and excretion of nitrogen metabolites in healthy adult dogs
Creators: name: Paßlack, Nadine
name: Kohn, Barbara
name: Vahjen, Wilfried
name: Zentek, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bacteroides
subject: canine
subject: diet
subject: lactate
subject: lactobacilli
subject: prebiotic
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: In order to evaluate the potential prebiotic effects of cellobiose, 10 healthy adult research beagle dogs received a complete diet containing 0, 0.5 and 1 g cellobiose/kg bodyweight (BW)/day. At the end of each feeding period, faeces, urine and blood of the dogs were collected. The results demonstrated a significant increase of faecal lactate concentrations, indicating a bacterial fermentation of cellobiose in the canine intestine. Along with this, a dose-dependent linear increase of the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae in the faeces of the dogs was observed (p = 0.014). In addition, a dose-dependent increase (p < 0.05) of Alloprevotella, Bacteroides and Prevotella, and a linear decrease for unidentified Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.011) was observed when cellobiose was added to the diet, although the relative abundance of these genera was low (<1%) among all groups. The faecal pH was not affected by dietary cellobiose. Cellobiose seemed to modulate the excretion of nitrogen metabolites, as lower concentrations of phenol (p = 0.034) and 4-ethylphenol (p = 0.002) in the plasma of the dogs were measured during the supplementation periods. Urinary phenols and indoles, however, were not affected by the dietary supplementation of cellobiose. In conclusion, cellobiose seems to be fermented by the intestinal microbiota of dogs. Although no effect on the faecal pH was detected, the observed increase of microbial lactate production might lower the pH in the large intestine and consecutively modulate the intestinal absorption of nitrogen metabolites. Also, the observed changes of some bacterial genera might have been mediated by increased intestinal lactate concentrations or a higher relative abundance of lactobacilli. Whether these results could be considered as a prebiotic effect and used as a dietetic strategy in diseased animals to improve gut function or hepatic and renal nitrogen metabolism should be evaluated in future studies.
The extent and variability of storm-induced temperature changes in lakes measured with long-term and high-frequency data
Creators: name: Doubek, Jonathan P.
name: Anneville, Orlane
name: Dur, Gaël
name: Lewandowska, Aleksandra M.
name: Patil, Vijay P.
name: Rusak, James A.
name: Salmaso, Nico
name: Seltmann, Christian Torsten
name: Straile, Dietmar
name: Adrian, Rita
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: storm
subject: lakes
subject: temperature changes
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The intensity and frequency of storms are projected to increase in many regions of the world because of climate change. Storms can alter environmental conditions in many ecosystems. In lakes and reservoirs, storms can reduce epilimnetic temperatures from wind-induced mixing with colder hypolimnetic waters, direct precipitation to the lake's surface, and watershed runoff. We analyzed 18 long-term and high-frequency lake datasets from 11 countries to assess the magnitude of wind- vs. rainstorm-induced changes in epilimnetic temperature. We found small day-to-day epilimnetic temperature decreases in response to strong wind and heavy rain during stratified conditions. Day-to-day epilimnetic temperature decreased, on average, by 0.28°C during the strongest windstorms (storm mean daily wind speed among lakes: 6.7 ± 2.7 m s−1, 1 SD) and by 0.15°C after the heaviest rainstorms (storm mean daily rainfall: 21.3 ± 9.0 mm). The largest decreases in epilimnetic temperature were observed ≥2 d after sustained strong wind or heavy rain (top 5th percentile of wind and rain events for each lake) in shallow and medium-depth lakes. The smallest decreases occurred in deep lakes. Epilimnetic temperature change from windstorms, but not rainstorms, was negatively correlated with maximum lake depth. However, even the largest storm-induced mean epilimnetic temperature decreases were typically <2°C. Day-to-day temperature change, in the absence of storms, often exceeded storm-induced temperature changes. Because storm-induced temperature changes to lake surface waters were minimal, changes in other limnological variables (e.g., nutrient concentrations or light) from storms may have larger impacts on biological communities than temperature changes.
Frequency, Local Dynamics, and Genomic Characteristics of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated From Specimens of Hospitalized Horses
Creators: name: Kauter, Anne
name: Epping, Lennard
name: Ghazisaeedi, Fereshteh
name: Lübke-Becker, Antina
name: Wolf, Silver A.
name: Kannapin, Dania
name: Stoeckle, Sabita D.
name: Semmler, Torsten
name: Günther, Sebastian
name: Gehlen, Heidrun
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: horse
subject: ESBL
subject: Escherichia coli
subject: antibiotic resistance
subject: multidrug resistant
subject: spread
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Previous research identified veterinary clinics as hotspots with respect to accumulation and spread of multidrug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (EC). Therefore, promoting the prudent use of antibiotics to decrease selective pressure in that particular clinical environment is preferable to enhance biosecurity for animal patients and hospital staff. Accordingly, this study comparatively investigated the impact of two distinct perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) regimens (short-term versus prolonged) on ESBL-EC carriage of horses subjected to colic surgery. While all horses received a combination of penicillin/gentamicin (P/G) as PAP, they were assigned to either the “single-shot group” (SSG) or the conventional “5-day group” (5DG). Fecal samples collected on arrival (t0), on the 3rd (t1) and on the 10th day after surgery (t2) were screened for ESBL-EC. All isolates were further investigated using whole genome sequences. In total, 81 of 98 horses met the inclusion criteria for this study. ESBL-EC identified in samples available at t0, t1 and t2 were 4.8% (SSG) and 9.7% (5DG), 37% (SSG) and 47.2% (5DG) as well as 55.6% (SSG) and 56.8% (5DG), respectively. Regardless of the P/G PAP regimen, horses were 9.12 times (95% CI 2.79–29.7) more likely to carry ESBL-EC at t1 compared to t0 (p < 0.001) and 15.64 times (95% CI 4.57–53.55) more likely to carry ESBL-EC at t2 compared to t0 (p < 0.001). ESBL-EC belonging to sequence type (ST) 10, ST86, ST641, and ST410 were the most prevalent lineages, with blaCTX–M–1 (60%) being the dominant ESBL gene. A close spatio-temporal relationship between isolates sharing a particular ST was revealed by genome analysis, strongly indicating local spread. Consequently, hospitalization itself has a strong impact on ESBL-EC isolation rates in horses, possibly masking differences between distinct PAP regimens. The results of this study reveal accumulation and spread of multi-drug resistant ESBL-EC among horses subjected to colic surgery with different P/G PAP regimens, challenging the local hygiene management system and work-place safety of veterinary staff. Moreover, the predominance of particular ESBL-EC lineages in clinics providing health care for horses needs further investigation.
Uncovering the computational mechanisms underlying many-alternative choice
Creators: name: Thomas, Armin W.
name: Molter, Felix
name: Krajbich, Ian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: many-alternative choice
subject: computational mechanisms
subject: cognitive neuroscience
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: How do we choose when confronted with many alternatives? There is surprisingly little decision modelling work with large choice sets, despite their prevalence in everyday life. Even further, there is an apparent disconnect between research in small choice sets, supporting a process of gaze-driven evidence accumulation, and research in larger choice sets, arguing for models of optimal choice, satisficing, and hybrids of the two. Here, we bridge this divide by developing and comparing different versions of these models in a many-alternative value-based choice experiment with 9, 16, 25, or 36 alternatives. We find that human choices are best explained by models incorporating an active effect of gaze on subjective value. A gaze-driven, probabilistic version of satisficing generally provides slightly better fits to choices and response times, while the gaze-driven evidence accumulation and comparison model provides the best overall account of the data when also considering the empirical relation between gaze allocation and choice.
Quantum many-body dynamics in optomechanical arrays
Creators: name: Ludwig, Max
name: Marquardt, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonlinear driven dissipative quantum dynamics of an array of optomechanical systems. At each site of such an array, a localized mechanical mode interacts with a laser-driven cavity mode via radiation pressure, and both photons and phonons can hop between neighboring sites. The competition between coherent interaction and dissipation gives rise to a rich phase diagram characterizing the optical and mechanical many-body states. For weak intercellular coupling, the mechanical motion at different sites is incoherent due to the influence of quantum noise. When increasing the coupling strength, however, we observe a transition towards a regime of phase-coherent mechanical oscillations. We employ a Gutzwiller ansatz as well as semiclassical Langevin equations on finite lattices, and we propose a realistic experimental implementation in optomechanical crystals.
description: 5+4 pages, 4+3 figures; revised manuscript
Convolution Lagrangian perturbation theory for biased tracers
Creators: name: Carlson, Jordan
name: Reid, Beth
name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new formulation of Lagrangian perturbation theory which allows accurate predictions of the real- and redshift-space correlation functions of the mass field and dark matter halos. Our formulation involves a non-perturbative resummation of Lagrangian perturbation theory and indeed can be viewed as a partial resummation of the formalism of Matsubara (2008a,b) in which we keep exponentiated all of the terms which tend to a constant at large separation. One of the key features of our method is that we naturally recover the Zel'dovich approximation as the lowest order of our expansion for the matter correlation function. We compare our results against a suite of N-body simulations and obtain good agreement for the correlation functions in real-space and for the monopole correlation function in redshift space. The agreement becomes worse for higher multipole moments of the redshift-space, halo correlation function. Our formalism naturally includes non-linear bias and explains the strong bias-dependence of the multipole moments of the redshift-space correlation function seen in N-body simulations.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. Updated to match version accepted by MNRAS. Minor typos fixed in the appendices
Mapping Short Association Fibers in the Early Cortical Visual Processing Stream Using In Vivo Diffusion Tractography
Creators: name: Attar, Fakhereh Movahedian
name: Kirilina, Evgeniya
name: Haenelt, Daniel
name: Pine, Kerrin J.
name: Trampel, Robert
name: Edwards, Luke J.
name: Weiskopf, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: retinotopy
subject: subcortical
subject: submillimeter resolution
subject: superficial white matter
subject: U-fibers
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Short association fibers (U-fibers) connect proximal cortical areas and constitute the majority of white matter connections in the human brain. U-fibers play an important role in brain development, function, and pathology but are underrepresented in current descriptions of the human brain connectome, primarily due to methodological challenges in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) of these fibers. High spatial resolution and dedicated fiber and tractography models are required to reliably map the U-fibers. Moreover, limited quantitative knowledge of their geometry and distribution makes validation of U-fiber tractography challenging. Submillimeter resolution diffusion MRI-facilitated by a cutting-edge MRI scanner with 300 mT/m maximum gradient amplitude-was used to map U-fiber connectivity between primary and secondary visual cortical areas (V1 and V2, respectively) in vivo. V1 and V2 retinotopic maps were obtained using functional MRI at 7T. The mapped V1-V2 connectivity was retinotopically organized, demonstrating higher connectivity for retinotopically corresponding areas in V1 and V2 as expected. The results were highly reproducible, as demonstrated by repeated measurements in the same participants and by an independent replication group study. This study demonstrates a robust U-fiber connectivity mapping in vivo and is an important step toward construction of a more complete human brain connectome.
Minimum model and its theoretical analysis for superconducting materials with BiS$_2$ layers
Creators: name: Suzuki, Katsuhiro
name: Usui, Hidetomo
name: Kuroki, Kazuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform first principles band calculation of the newly discovered superconductor LaO$_{1-x}$F$_x$BiS$_2$, and study the lattice structure and the fluorine doping dependence of the gap between the valence and conduction bands. We find that the distance between La and S as well as the fluorine doping significantly affects the band gap. On the other hand, the four orbital model of the BiS$_2$ layer shows that the lattice structure does not affect this portion of the band. Still, the band gap can affect the carrier concentration in the case of light electron doping, which in turn should affect the transport properties.
description: submitted as Proc. ISS2012, 4 pages, 4 figures