cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The tidal evolution of dark matter substructure -- I. Subhalo density profiles
Creators: name: Green, Sheridan B.
name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurately predicting the abundance and structural evolution of dark matter subhaloes is crucial for understanding galaxy formation, modeling galaxy clustering, and constraining the nature of dark matter. Due to the nonlinear nature of subhalo evolution, cosmological $N$-body simulations remain its primary method of investigation. However, it has recently been demonstrated that such simulations are still heavily impacted by artificial disruption, diminishing the information content on small scales and reducing the reliability of all simulation-calibrated semi-analytical models. In this paper, we utilize the recently released DASH library of high-resolution, idealized simulations of the tidal evolution of subhaloes, which are unhindered by numerical overmerging due to discreteness noise or force softening, to calibrate an improved, more-accurate model of the evolution of the density profiles of subhaloes that undergo tidal heating and stripping within their host halo. By testing previous findings that the structural evolution of a tidally truncated subhalo depends solely on the fraction of mass stripped, independent of the details of the stripping, we identify an additional dependence on the initial subhalo concentration. We provide significantly improved fitting functions for the subhalo density profiles and structural parameters ($V_\mathrm{max}$ and $r_\mathrm{max}$) that are unimpeded by numerical systematics and applicable to a wide range of parameter space. This model will be an integral component of a future semi-analytical treatment of substructure evolution, which can be used to predict key quantities, such as the evolved subhalo mass function and annihilation boost factors, and validate such calculations performed with cosmological simulations.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted to MNRAS
MOESM1 of Comparative cardiovascular outcomes in the era of novel anti-diabetic agents: a comprehensive network meta-analysis of 166,371 participants from 170 randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Zhuang, Xiao-dong
name: He, Xin
name: Yang, Da-ya
name: Guo, Yue
name: He, Jian-gui
name: Xiao, Hai-peng
name: Liao, Xin-xue
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: S1. Protocol. S2. Search strategy. S3. Novel drugs approved by FDA or European Medicines Agency. S4. Flow chart of the study selection process. S5. Studies characteristic of the included studies. S6. Outcomes of interest in each study. S7. Quality assessment of the included studies. S8. Comparison-adjusted funnel plot for the network. S9. Ranking ordered according to surface under the cumulative ranking values of outcomes. S10. Consistency analysis of direct verse indirect comparisons for outcomes. S11. Summaries of sensitivity analysis.
$S$-factor and scattering-parameter extractions from ${}^{3}\mathrm{He} +{}^{4}\mathrm{He} \rightarrow {}^{7}\mathrm{Be} + γ$
Creators: name: Zhang, Xilin
name: Nollett, Kenneth M.
name: Phillips, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies of the reaction ${}^{3}\mathrm{He} +{}^{4}\mathrm{He} \rightarrow {}^{7}\mathrm{Be} + γ$ have focused on providing the best central value and error bar for the $S$ factor at solar energies. Measurements of this capture reaction, the ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$-${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ scattering phase shifts, as well as properties of ${}^{7}\mathrm{Be}$, have been used to constrain employed theoretical models. Here we show that much more information than was previously appreciated can be extracted from angle-integrated capture data alone. We use the next-to-leading-order (NLO) amplitude in an effective field theory (EFT) for the reaction to perform the extrapolation. At this order the EFT describes the reaction using an s-wave scattering length and effective range, the asymptotic properties of the final bound states, and short-distance contributions to the $E1$ capture amplitude. We extract the multi-dimensional posterior of all these parameters via a Bayesian analysis. We find that properties of the ${}^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ ground and excited states are well constrained. The total $S$ factor $S(0)= 0.578^{+0.015}_{-0.016}$ keV~b, while the branching ratio for excited- to ground-state capture at zero energy, $Br(0)=0.406^{+0.013}_{-0.011}$, both at 68\% degree of belief. This $S(0)$ is broadly consistent with other recent evaluations, including the previously recommended value $S(0)=0.56 \pm 0.03$ eV b, but has a smaller error bar. We also find significant constraints on the scattering parameters, and we obtain constraints on the $S(E)$'s angular dependence. The path forward seems to lie with better measurements of the scattering phase shift and $S(E)$'s angular dependence, together with better understanding of the asymptotic normalization coefficients of the ${}^7$Be bound states' wave functions. Data on these could further reduce $S(0)$'s uncertainty.
description: 19 pages and 10 figures (including the supplemental materials)
Detecting regime transitions of the nocturnal and Polar near-surface temperature inversion
Creators: name: Kaiser, Amandine
name: Faranda, Davide
name: Krumscheid, Sebastian
name: Belušić, Danijel
name: Vercauteren, Nikki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many natural systems undergo critical transitions, i.e. sudden shifts from one dynamical regime to another. In the climate system, the atmospheric boundary layer can experience sudden transitions between fully turbulent states and quiescent, quasi-laminar states. Such rapid transitions are observed in Polar regions or at night when the atmospheric boundary layer is stably stratified, and they have important consequences in the strength of mixing with the higher levels of the atmosphere. To analyze the stable boundary layer, many approaches rely on the identification of regimes that are commonly denoted as weakly and very stable regimes. Detecting transitions between the regimes is crucial for modeling purposes. In this work a combination of methods from dynamical systems and statistical modeling is applied to study these regime transitions and to develop an early-warning signal that can be applied to non-stationary field data. The presented metric aims at detecting nearing transitions by statistically quantifying the deviation from the dynamics expected when the system is close to a stable equilibrium. An idealized stochastic model of near-surface inversions is used to evaluate the potential of the metric as an indicator of regime transitions. In this stochastic system, small-scale perturbations can be amplified due to the nonlinearity, resulting in transitions between two possible equilibria of the temperature inversion. The simulations show such noise-induced regime transitions, successfully identified by the indicator. The indicator is further applied to time series data from nocturnal and Polar meteorological measurements.
description: This work has been submitted to the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. Copyright in this work may be transferred without further notice
Using X-Ray Morphological Parameters to Strengthen Galaxy Cluster Mass Estimates via Machine Learning
Creators: name: Green, Sheridan B.
name: Ntampaka, Michelle
name: Nagai, Daisuke
name: Lovisari, Lorenzo
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Eckert, Dominique
name: ZuHone, John A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a machine learning approach for estimating galaxy cluster masses, trained using both Chandra and eROSITA mock X-ray observations of 2,041 clusters from the Magneticum simulations. We train a random forest regressor, an ensemble learning method based on decision tree regression, to predict cluster masses using an input feature set. The feature set uses core-excised X-ray luminosity and a variety of morphological parameters, including surface brightness concentration, smoothness, asymmetry, power ratios, and ellipticity. The regressor is cross-validated and calibrated on a training sample of 1,615 clusters (80% of sample), and then results are reported as applied to a test sample of 426 clusters (20% of sample). This procedure is performed for two different mock observation series in an effort to bracket the potential enhancement in mass predictions that can be made possible by including dynamical state information. The first series is computed from idealized Chandra-like mock cluster observations, with high spatial resolution, long exposure time (1 Ms), and the absence of background. The second series is computed from realistic-condition eROSITA mocks with lower spatial resolution, short exposures (2 ks), instrument effects, and background photons modeled. We report a 20% reduction in the mass estimation scatter when either series is used in our random forest model compared to a standard regression model that only employs core-excised luminosity. The morphological parameters that hold the highest feature importance are smoothness, asymmetry, and surface brightness concentration. Hence, these parameters, which encode the dynamical state of the cluster, can be used to make more accurate predictions of cluster masses in upcoming surveys, offering a crucial step forward for cosmological analyses.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Accepted to ApJ
Lambda Polarization in Deep-Inelastic Production
Creators: name: Naumov, Dmitry V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model for the longitudinal polarization of Lambda baryons produced in deep-inelastic lepton scattering at any xF, based on static SU(6) quark-diquark wave functions and polarized intrinsic strangeness in the nucleon associated with individual valence quarks. Free parameters of the model are fixed by fitting the NOMAD data on the longitudinal polarization of Lambda hyperons in neutrino interactions. Our model correctly reproduces the observed dependences of Lambda polarization on the kinematic variables. Within the context of our model, the NOMAD data imply that the intrinsic strangeness associated with a valence quark has anticorrelated polarization. We also compare our model predictions with results from the HERMES and E665 experiments using charged leptons. Predictions of our model for the COMPASS experiment are also presented.
description: 5 pages, a contrubution to DIS2002 Conference, Cracow (April, 29 - May, 4)
MOESM1 of Genetic parameters and genomic breeding values for digital dermatitis in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle: host susceptibility, infectivity and the basic reproduction ratio
Creators: name: Biemans, Floor
name: Jong, Mart
name: Bijma, Piter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Fixed effect estimates. Table of fixed effect estimates and standard errors on the log scale from Model 1.
Magnetoconductance of a two-dimensional metal in the presence of spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Schwab, P.
name: Raimondi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in the metallic phase of a two dimensional electron gas the spin-orbit coupling due to structure inversion asymmetry leads to a characteristic anisotropy in the magnetoconductance. Within the assumption that the metallic phase can be described by a Fermi liquid, we compute the conductivity in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field. Both the spin-orbit coupling and the Zeeman coupling with the magnetic field give rise to two spin subbands, in terms of which most of the transport properties can be discussed. The strongest conductivity anisotropy occurs for Zeeman energies of the order of the Fermi energy corresponding to the depopulation of the upper spin subband. The energy scale associated with the spin-orbit coupling controls the strength of the effect. More in particular, we find that the detailed behavior and the sign of the anisotropy depends on the underlying scattering mechanism. Assuming small angle scattering to be the dominant scattering mechanism our results agree with recent measurement on Si-MOSFET's in the vicinity of the metal-insulator transition.
description: 13 pages, 12 Figures, RevTeX, submitted to EPJ B
MOESM1 of Identifying genetic variants underlying medication-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer and osteoporosis: a case control study
Creators: name: Lee, Kye
name: Su-Hwan Kim
name: Kim, Chang
name: Min, Byung
name: Kim, Grace
name: Younggyun Lim
name: Hun-Sung Kim
name: Ahn, Kang-Min
name: Kim, Ju
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Suuplementary information.
Detecting Gravitational Scattering of Interstellar Objects Using Pulsar Timing
Creators: name: Jennings, Ross J.
name: Cordes, James M.
name: Chatterjee, Shami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational scattering events, in which the path of an interstellar object is deflected by a pulsar or the solar system, give rise to reflex motion which can potentially be detected using pulsar timing. We determine the form of the timing signal expected from a gravitational scattering event, which is ramp-like and resembles the signal produced by a glitch or a gravitational wave burst with memory (BWM), and investigate the prospects for detecting such a signal using a pulsar timing array. The level of timing precision currently achieved for some millisecond pulsars makes it possible to detect objects as small as $10^{-10}$ solar masses, less than the mass of the dwarf planet Ceres, at impact parameters as large as 1 AU. The signals produced by gravitational scattering could provide independent constraints on models of dark matter involving asteroid-mass objects or subhalos, and should be considered as potential false positives in searches for BWMs.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
In Perfect Shape: Certifiably Optimal 3D Shape Reconstruction from 2D Landmarks
Creators: name: Yang, Heng
name: Carlone, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.2.9; G.1.6; I.4.5; I.2.10

description: We study the problem of 3D shape reconstruction from 2D landmarks extracted in a single image. We adopt the 3D deformable shape model and formulate the reconstruction as a joint optimization of the camera pose and the linear shape parameters. Our first contribution is to apply Lasserre's hierarchy of convex Sums-of-Squares (SOS) relaxations to solve the shape reconstruction problem and show that the SOS relaxation of minimum order 2 empirically solves the original non-convex problem exactly. Our second contribution is to exploit the structure of the polynomial in the objective function and find a reduced set of basis monomials for the SOS relaxation that significantly decreases the size of the resulting semidefinite program (SDP) without compromising its accuracy. These two contributions, to the best of our knowledge, lead to the first certifiably optimal solver for 3D shape reconstruction, that we name Shape*. Our third contribution is to add an outlier rejection layer to Shape* using a truncated least squares (TLS) robust cost function and leveraging graduated non-convexity to solve TLS without initialization. The result is a robust reconstruction algorithm, named Shape#, that tolerates a large amount of outlier measurements. We evaluate the performance of Shape* and Shape# in both simulated and real experiments, showing that Shape* outperforms local optimization and previous convex relaxation techniques, while Shape# achieves state-of-the-art performance and is robust against 70% outliers in the FG3DCar dataset.
description: Camera-ready, CVPR 2020. 18 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
MOESM4 of Comparison of model-building strategies for excess hazard regression models in the context of cancer epidemiology
Creators: name: Maringe, Camille
name: AurÃ©Lien Belot
name: Rubio, Francisco
name: Rachet, Bernard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Self-confounding and confounding effect due to mis-selection of variable effects (scenario A and C).
Sharing of Climate Risks across World Regions
Creators: name: Emmerling, Johannes
name: Emmerling, Johannes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Uncertainty
subject: Risk Sharing
subject: Insurance
subject: Climate Change
subject: Risk Aversion

description: Uncertainty is prevalent in the context of climate change impacts. Moreover, the distribution across the globe is not uniform. We analyze how climate risks could be reduced via an insurance scheme at the global scale across regions and quantify the potential welfare gains from such a scheme. Starting from the standard welfare analysis in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), which assumes no risk sharing across region, we introduce global risk sharing via a market for state-dependent Arrow-Debreu securities. We show that this allows equalizing relative consumption differences between states of the world across regions. We estimate that such risk sharing scheme of climate risks could lead to welfare gains reducing the global costs of climate change by up to one third, while the amount of transfers required is substantial. This provides arguments for considering risk sharing in IAMs, but also for potentially welfare increasing negotiations about sharing risks of climate change at the global level.
MOESM5 of Comparison of model-building strategies for excess hazard regression models in the context of cancer epidemiology
Creators: name: Maringe, Camille
name: AurÃ©Lien Belot
name: Rubio, Francisco
name: Rachet, Bernard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Effects of age, generating (red), estimated (grey), averaged (black) for all models selected by each algorithm, scenario A-D.
NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll: February 2019 Gun Violence
Creators: name: National Public Radio
name: PBS NewsHour
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Country going in right/wrong direction (1); gun control laws (4); gun violence (5); importance of right to own and carry a gun (1); impact of more Americans owning guns (1); National Rifle Association (NRA) (2); policies to reduce gun violence (7); school shootings (2); Parkland, Florida student speaking out about gun violence (2).
USP25 attenuates anti-GBM nephritis in mice by negative feedback regulation of Th17 cell differentiation
Creators: name: Xu, Ranran
name: Huang, Fei
name: Liu, Qingquan
name: Lv, Yongman
name: Hu, Liu
name: Zhang, Qian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: This study aimed to elucidate the role of USP25 in a mouse model of anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM GN). USP25-deficient anti-GBM GN mice were generated, and their nephritis progression was monitored. Naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from spleen lymphocytes and stimulated to differentiate into Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. This approach was used to investigate the impact of USP25 on CD4+ T lymphocyte differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, changes in USP25 expression were monitored during Th17 differentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. USP25−/− mice with anti-GBM GN exhibited accelerated renal function deterioration, increased infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells, and elevated RORγt transcription. In vitro experiments demonstrated that USP25−/− CD4+ T lymphocytes had a higher proportion for Th17 cell differentiation and exhibited higher RORγt levels upon stimulation. Wild-type mice with anti-GBM GN showed higher USP25 levels compared to healthy mice, and a positive correlation was observed between USP25 levels and Th17 cell counts. Similar trends were observed in vitro. USP25 plays a crucial role in mitigating renal histopathological and functional damage during anti-GBM GN in mice. This protective effect is primarily attributed to USP25’s ability to inhibit the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells. The underlying mechanism may involve the downregulation of RORγt. Additionally, during increased inflammatory responses or Th17 cell differentiation, USP25 expression is activated, forming a negative feedback regulatory loop that attenuates immune activation.
Sonic horizons and causality in the phase transition dynamics
Creators: name: Sadhukhan, Debasis
name: Sinha, Aritra
name: Francuz, Anna
name: Stefaniak, Justyna
name: Rams, Marek M.
name: Dziarmaga, Jacek
name: Zurek, Wojciech H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system gradually driven through a symmetry-breaking phase transition is subject to the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM). As a consequence of the critical slowing down, its state cannot follow local equilibrium, and its evolution becomes non-adiabatic near the critical point. In the simplest approximation, that stage can be regarded as "impulse" where the state of the system remains unchanged. It leads to the correct KZM scaling laws. However, such "freeze-out" might suggest that the coherence length of the nascent order parameter remains unchanged as the critical region is traversed. By contrast, the original causality-based discussion emphasized the role of the {\it sonic horizon}: domains of the broken symmetry phase can expand with a velocity limited by the speed of the relevant sound. This effect was demonstrated in the quantum Ising chain where the dynamical exponent $z=1$ and quasiparticles excited by the transition have a fixed speed of sound. To elucidate the role of the sonic horizon, in this paper we study two systems with $z>1$ where the speed of sound is no longer fixed, and the fastest excited quasiparticles set the size of the sonic horizon. Their effective speed decays with the increasing transition time. In the extreme case, the dynamical exponent $z$ can diverge such as in the Griffiths region of the random Ising chain where localization of excited quasiparticles freezes the growth of the correlation range when the critical region is traversed. Of particular interest is an example with $z<1$ -- the long-range extended Ising chain, where there is no upper limit to the velocity of excited quasiparticles with small momenta. Initially, the power-law tail of the correlation function grows adiabatically, but in the non-adiabatic stage it lags behind the adiabatic evolution -- in accord with a generalized Lieb-Robinson bound.
description: minor corrections, accepted in PRB
title: 03_0780
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
The European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS): Ex-Post Analysis, the Market Stability Reserve and Options for a Comprehensive Reform
Creators: name: Knopf, Brigitte
name: Koch, Nicolas
name: Grosjean, Godefroy
name: Fuss, Sabine
name: Flachsland, Christian
name: Pahle, Michael
name: Jakob, Michael
name: Edenhofer, Ottmar
name: Knopf, Brigitte
name: Koch, Nicolas
name: Grosjean, Godefroy
name: Fuss, Sabine
name: Flachsland, Christian
name: Pahle, Michael
name: Jakob, Michael
name: Edenhofer, Ottmar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: EU ETS
subject: Emissions Trading
subject: Carbon Price
subject: Price Collar
subject: Market Stability Reserve
subject: Credibility

description: The central pillar of European climate policy, the European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), is currently under scrutiny, as the allowance price is persistently low at around 5€/tCO2. The cap was met and emissions actually declined in recent years, ensuring the environmental effectiveness of the scheme. However, the low price may affect the long-term cost-effectiveness of the instrument by reducing the incentive for investment and deployment of low carbon technologies. No significant increase in the allowance price is expected before 2020, and probably not beyond, without reform. While the reasons for the price decline are controversial, empirical analysis shows that only a small portion of price fluctuations can be explained by factors such as the economic crisis, renewable deployment or international offsets. Therefore, it is likely that political factors and regulatory uncertainty have played a key role in the price decline. As a consequence, any reform of the EU ETS has to deliver a mechanism that reduces such uncertainty and stabilizes expectations of market participants. The Market Stability Reserve proposed by the EU Commission is unlikely to address the current problem of price uncertainty and insufficient dynamic efficiency. The key element of the alternative reform proposal described in this paper is to set a price collar in the EU ETS with lower and upper boundaries. This is likely to reinforce the long-term credibility and reliability of the price signal. In addition, a price for GHG emissions not covered by the EU ETS has to be set. If additional market failures prevent the market from functioning efficiently, specific policy instruments related to innovation and technology diffusion should be implemented in addition to carbon pricing. Carbon leakage could be addressed through tailor-made trade policies. In parallel, increasing the coalition of countries included in the carbon pricing should remain a priority. This reform package would bring the EU ETS back to life, while avoiding a relapse into potentially costly and inefficient national climate and energy policies.
Varying Constants, Black Holes, and Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Carlip, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tentative observations and theoretical considerations have recently led to renewed interest in models of fundamental physics in which certain ``constants'' vary in time. Assuming fixed black hole mass and the standard form of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, Davies, Davis and Lineweaver have argued that the laws of black hole thermodynamics disfavor models in which the fundamental electric charge $e$ changes. I show that with these assumptions, similar considerations severely constrain ``varying speed of light'' models, unless we are prepared to abandon cherished assumptions about quantum gravity. Relaxation of these assumptions permits sensible theories of quantum gravity with ``varying constants,'' but also eliminates the thermodynamic constraints, though the black hole mass spectrum may still provide some restrictions on the range of allowable models.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX; v4: substantially rewritten to emphasize assumptions and ``loopholes,'' but basic conclusions unchanged; to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Effects of Anisotropic Viscosity on the Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei Bubbles in Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Kingsland, M.
name: Yang, H. -Y. K.
name: Reynolds, C. S.
name: Zuhone, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between jets from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the intracluster medium (ICM) provides key constraints on the feeding and feedback of supermassive black holes. Much understanding about AGN feedback is gained from purely hydrodynamic models; however, whether such an approximation is adequate for the magnetized, weakly collisional ICM needs to be critically examined. For example, AGN-blown bubbles in hydrodynamic simulations are easily disrupted by fluid instabilities, making it difficult to explain the coherence of observed bubbles such as the northwest ghost bubble in Perseus. In order to investigate whether magnetic tension and viscosity in realistic conditions could preserve the bubble integrity, we performed the first Braginskii-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of jet-inflated bubbles in a medium with tangled magnetic field. We find that magnetic tension alone is insufficient to prevent bubble deformation due to large velocity shear at early stage of the evolution. Although unsuppressed anisotropic viscosity in tangled magnetic field can have similar effects as isotropic viscosity, when the pressure anisotropy is bounded by microscopic plasma instabilities, the level of viscosity is substantially limited, thereby failing to prevent bubble deformation as in the inviscid case. Our results suggest that Braginskii viscosity is unlikely to be the primary mechanism for suppressing the fluid instabilities for AGN bubbles, and it remains a challenging task to reproduce smooth and coherent bubbles as observed. Because the dynamical influence and heating of the ICM critically depend on the bubble morphology, our study highlights the fundamental role of "microphysics" on the macroscopic properties of AGN feedback processes.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, matched to the ApJL accepted version
Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley 1879
Creators: name: Coelho, Petrônio Alves
name: Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De
name: Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Pilumnidae
Pilumnus
Pilumnus dasypodus

description: Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, West Indies, northern South America to Brazil (Santa Catarina) (Melo 1996).
 Occurrence in northern and northeastern Brazil: CE, PB: Barreto et al. (1993a); PE: Rathbun (1900); AL, BA: Rathbun (1930).
description: Published as part of Coelho, Petrônio Alves, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De & Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda, 2008, Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of northern and northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5241063
Subliminal aspects concerning the Lounesto's classification
Creators: name: Rogerio, R. J. Bueno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present communication we employ a split programme applied to spinors belonging to the regular and singular sectors of the Lounesto's classification, looking towards to unveil how it can be built or defined upon two spinors arrangement. We separate the spinors into two distinct parts and investigate to which class within the Lounesto's classification each part belong. The machinery here developed open up the possibility to better understand how spinors behave under such classification. As we shall see, the resulting spinor from the arrangement of other spinors (belonging to a distinct class or not) does not necessarily inherit the characteristics of the spinors that compose them, as example, such characteristics stands for the class, dynamic or the encoded physical information.
description: 8 pages, 2 Tables
Clasificación semántica, hermenéutica y teórica de Trilce (1922). Estudios críticos tras su lectura
Creators: name: Aguila, Jesús Miguel Delgado Del
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200514 Literature in Spanish and Portuguese
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Delgado Del Aguila, Jesús Miguel (2021). «Clasificación semántica, hermenéutica y teórica de Trilce (1922). Estudios críticos tras su lectura», en: Artifara. Revista de Lenguas y Literaturas Ibéricas y Latinoamericanas. Revista indexada en Web Of Science (WOS). Turín, Italia: Universidad de Turín. Vol. 1, n.° 21, pp. 107-120. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.13135/1594-378X/4153
$T\bar{T}$ deformations as TsT transformations
Creators: name: Sfondrini, Alessandro
name: van Tongeren, Stijn J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relationship between $T\bar{T}$ deformations and the uniform light-cone gauge, first noted in arXiv:1804.01998, provides a powerful generating technique for deformed models. We recall this construction, distinguishing between changes of the gauge frame, which do not affect the theory, and genuine deformations. We investigate the geometric interpretation of the latter and argue that they affect the global features of the geometry before gauge fixing. Exploiting a formal relation between uniform light-cone gauge and static gauge in a T-dual frame, we interpret such a change as a TsT transformation involving the two light-cone coordinates. In the static-gauge picture, the $T\bar{T}$ CDD factor then has a natural interpretation as a Drinfel'd-Reshetikhin twist of the worldsheet S matrix. To illustrate these ideas, we find the geometries yielding a $T\bar{T}$ deformation of the worldsheet S matrix of pp-wave and Lin-Lunin-Maldacena backgrounds.
description: 30 pages, 1 figure; v2: further examples (section 5) and discussion of JTbar deformations (appendix B) added, references added
Measurement of the Width Difference of B_d Mesons
Creators: name: Dighe, A. S.
name: Hurth, T.
name: Kim, C. S.
name: Yoshikawa, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate ΔGamma_d/Γ_d, including 1/m_b contributions and part of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections, and find it to be around 0.3%. We show the methods to measure ΔGamma_d/Γ_d by using at least two different final states on the untagged B_d decay. The nonzero width difference can also be used to identify new physics effects and to resolve a twofold discrete ambiguity in the B_d-\bar{B}_d mixing phase. With the high statistics and accurate time resolution of the upcoming LHC experiment, the measurement of ΔGamma_d seems to be possible. This measurement would be important for an accurate measurement of \sin2ϕ_1 at the LHC. We also derive an upper bound on the value of ΔGamma_d/Γ_d in the presence of new physics.
description: 3 pages, LaTeX, Presented at the 5th KEK Topical Conference(KEKTC5)
Measurement of Lambda and Lambda-bar polarization in muon neutrino charged current interactions in NOMAD
Creators: name: Naumov, Dmitry V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lambda and Lambda-bar polarizations in muon neutrino charged current interactions have been measured in the NOMAD experiment. The event sample (8087 reconstructed Lambda's and 649 Lambda-bar's) is more than an order of magnitude larger than that of previous bubble chamber experiments, while the quality of event reconstruction is comparable. For the Lambda hyperons we observe negative polarization along the W-boson direction which is enhanced in the target fragmentation region: Px(xF < 0) = -0.21 +- 0.04 (stat) +- 0.02 (sys). In the current fragmentation region we find Px(xF > 0) = -0.09 +- 0.06 (stat) +- 0.03(sys). A significant transverse polarization (in the direction orthogonal to the Lambda production plane) has been observed for the first time in a neutrino experiment: Py = -0.22 +- 0.03 (stat) +- 0.01 (sys). The dependence of the absolute value of Py on the Lambda transverse momentum with respect to the hadronic jet direction is in qualitative agreement with the results from unpolarized hadron-hadron experiments. The polarization vector of Lambda-bar hyperons measured for the first time in neutrino interactions is found to be consistent with zero.
description: 5 pages, a contrubution to DIS2002 Conference, Cracow (April, 29 - May, 4)
MOESM3 of Comparison of model-building strategies for excess hazard regression models in the context of cancer epidemiology
Creators: name: Maringe, Camille
name: AurÃ©Lien Belot
name: Rubio, Francisco
name: Rachet, Bernard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Descriptive statistics for the sample of patients used in data simulations.
Land Use Land Cover Change Detection Using Remote Geospatial Techniques: A Case Study of an Urban City in Southwestern, Nigeria
Creators: name: Olayungbo, Adenike Anike
name: Olayungbo, Adenike Anike
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land use
subject: land cover
subject: change detection
subject: landsat images
subject: supervised classification

description: Many cities in developing countries are experiencing ecosystem modification and change. Today, about 10 million hectares of the world’s forest cover have been converted to other land uses. In Nigeria, there is an estimated increase of 8.75 million ha of cropland and decreased of about 1.71 million ha of forest cover between 1995 to 2020 indicating that Nigeria has been undergoing a wide range of land use and land cover changes. This paper analyses the changes in land use/cover in Ila Orangun, Southwestern, Nigeria from 1986 to 2018 with a view to providing adequate information on the pattern and trend of land use land cover changes for proper monitoring and effective planning. The study utilized satellite imageries from Landsat 1986, 2002 and 2018. Remote sensing and Geographical Information System techniques as well as supervised image classification method were used to assess the magnitude of changes in the city over the study period. The results show that 26.36% of forest cover and 44.48% of waterbody were lost between the period of 1986 and 2018. There was a rapid increase in crop land by 365.7% and gradual increase in built-up areas by 103.85% at an annual rate of 3.25%. Forest was the only land cover type that recorded a constant reduction in areal extent. The study concluded that the changes in land use land cover is as a result of anthropogenic activities in the study area.
description: DOI: 10.22630/PRS.2021.21.2.5
Charybdis hellerii
Creators: name: Coelho, Petrônio Alves
name: Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De
name: Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Portunidae
Charybdis
Charybdis hellerii

description: Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867)
Western Atlantic: Florida, Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guyana to Brazil (Santa Catarina). Eastern Mediterranean: Egypt and Israel. Widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific (Mantelatto & Dias 1999; Tavares & Amouroux 2003; Bezerra & Almeida 2005).
 Occurrence in northern and northeastern Brazil: MA: Feres et al. (2007); CE: Bezerra & Almeida (2005); RN: Ferreira et al. (2001); PE: Coelho & Santos (2003); AL: Calado (1996); BA: Carqueija & Gouvêa (1996).
description: Published as part of Coelho, Petrônio Alves, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De & Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda, 2008, Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of northern and northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5241063
Godbillon-Vey Helicity and Magnetic Helicity in Magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Webb, G. M.
name: Prasad, A.
name: Anco, S. C.
name: Hu, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Godbillon-Vey invariant occurs in homology theory, and algebraic topology, when conditions for a co-dimension 1, foliation of a 3D manifold are satisfied. The magnetic Godbillon-Vey helicity invariant in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a higher order helicity invariant that occurs for flows, in which the magnetic helicity density $h_m={\bf A}{\bf\cdot}{\bf B}={\bf A}{\bf\cdot}(\nabla\times{\bf A})=0$, where ${\bf A}$ is the magnetic vector potential and ${\bf B}$ is the magnetic induction. This paper obtains evolution equations for the magnetic Godbillon-Vey field $\boldsymbolη={\bf A}\times{\bf B}/|{\bf A}|^2$ and the Godbillon-Vey helicity density $h_{gv}=\boldsymbolη{\bf\cdot}(\nabla\times{\boldsymbolη})$ in general MHD flows in which either $h_m=0$ or $h_m\neq 0$. A conservation law for $h_{gv}$ occurs in flows for which $h_m=0$. For $h_m\neq 0$ the evolution equation for $h_{gv}$ contains a source term in which $h_m$ is coupled to $h_{gv}$ via the shear tensor of the background flow. The transport equation for $h_{gv}$ also depends on the electric field potential $ψ$, which is related to the gauge for ${\bf A}$, which takes its simplest form for the advected ${\bf A}$ gauge in which $ψ={\bf A\cdot u}$ where ${\bf u}$ is the fluid velocity. An application of the Godbillon-Vey magnetic helicity to nonlinear force-free magnetic fields used in solar physics is investigated. The possible uses of the Godbillon-Vey helicity in zero helicity flows in ideal fluid mechanics, and in zero helicity Lagrangian kinematics of three-dimensional advection are discussed.
description: 42 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Plasma Physics
Update on an Electromagnetic Basis for Inertia, Gravitation, the Principle of Equivalence, Spin and Particle Mass Ratios
Creators: name: Haisch, Bernard
name: Rueda, Alfonso
name: Nickisch, L. J.
name: Mollere, Jules
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A possible connection between the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and inertia was first published by Haisch, Rueda and Puthoff (1994). If correct, this would imply that mass may be an electromagnetic phenomenon and thus in principle subject to modification, with possible technological implications for propulsion. A multiyear NASA-funded study at the Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center further developed this concept, resulting in an independent theoretical validation of the fundamental approach (Rueda and Haisch, 1998ab). Distortion of the quantum vacuum in accelerated reference frames results in a force that appears to account for inertia. We have now shown that the same effect occurs in a region of curved spacetime, thus elucidating the origin of the principle of equivalence (Rueda, Haisch and Tung, 2001). A further connection with general relativity has been drawn by Nickisch and Mollere (2002): zero-point fluctuations give rise to spacetime micro-curvature effects yielding a complementary perspective on the origin of inertia. Numerical simulations of this effect demonstrate the manner in which a massless fundamental particle, e.g. an electron, acquires inertial properties; this also shows the apparent origin of particle spin along lines originally proposed by Schroedinger. Finally, we suggest that the heavier leptons (muon and tau) may be explainable as spatial-harmonic resonances of the (fundamental) electron. They would carry the same overall charge, but with the charge now having spatially lobed structure, each lobe of which would respond to higher frequency components of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum, thereby increasing the inertia and thus manifesting a heavier mass.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, AIP Conf. Proc., Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003)