cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Atomic, Planetary, and Biological Systems Described Under A Common Idea
Creators: name: Beardsley, Ian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This paper describes planetary systems, atomic systems, and biological systems under one idea, as such it is kind of a theory of everything.

 

In Part 1 of this paper I show that the system of measuring time we have today, that divides the day into 24 hours and the hours into 60 minutes, and the minutes into 60 seconds, that came to us from the ancient Sumerians, who divided the day into 24 hours, and who gave us the base 60 counting that resulted in our base unit of time, the second, to have the duration it has today, was a choice that happens to coincide with my theory that shows that our Earth/Moon/Sun system and atomic systems have a solution in common of the Schrödinger wave equation with the same base unit of time of 1 second.

 

The ancient Sumerians were the first to settle down from wandering, following the herds and hunting them with stone spearpoint to invent agriculture, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, and writing. They gave us civilization as we know it today. Since their second came to us from their system of counting and I have found the second to be a base unit and natural constant for our planetary system and atomic systems in common, I think it is reasonable to suggest that perhaps they were given their system of mathematics by ancient Aliens. This is easy to suggest because their writings say they were given their knowledge by “Those who came from above.”

 

Part 2 I have a theory for the star systems, the planets and their suns, wherein such systems are solved with the Schrödinger wave equation that is used to solve atomic systems. The result is that star systems and atomic systems, systems on the macroscales and microscales, are governed by the same underlying principles. It came to pass that this theory indicated an overlap with biological systems indicating that biological life could be part of the same idea. Here I develop that.

 

Part 3 Our solution of the wave equation for the planets gives the kinetic energy of the Earth from the mass of the Moon orbiting the Earth, but you could formulate based on the Earth orbiting the Sun. This yields one second as a base unit as well.

 

Part 4 We want to find what the wave equation solutions are for Jupiter and Saturn because they significantly carry the majority of the mass of the solar system and thus should embody most clearly the dynamics of the wave solution to the Solar System.

 

Part 5 We want to solve a habitable planetary system in general and apply it to another star system. We must include the solution of its moon as well, because the Moon of the Earth makes life optimally possible.
Supplementary document for Highly sensitive and label-free detection of biotin using liquid crystal-based optofluidic biosensor - 6416490.pdf
Creators: name: Wang, Haonan
name: Xu, Tianhua
name: WANG, ZIYIHUI
name: Liu, Yize
name: Chen, Huaixu
name: Jiang, Junfeng
name: Liu, T.
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supporting Information
Physical activity telephone coaching intervention for insufficiently physically active ambulatory hospital patients: Economic evaluation of the Healthy 4U-2 randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Barrett, Stephen
name: Begg, Stephen
name: O'Halloran, Paul
name: Doran, CM
name: Kingsley, Michael
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health
classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The Healthy 4U-2 randomised controlled trial demonstrated that a physical activity (PA) telephone coaching intervention was effective for improving objectively-measured PA and health-related outcomes. The current study reports on an economic evaluation performed alongside the trial to determine whether this effective intervention is also cost-effective from a healthcare funder perspective. Participants (N = 120) were insufficiently physically active adults recruited from an ambulatory care clinic in a public hospital in regional Australia. The primary outcome was change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured using accelerometers. Changes in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were derived from the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-12). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for each outcome. Uncertainty of cost-effectiveness results were estimated using non-parametric bootstrapping techniques and sensitivity analyses. The mean intervention cost was $132 per person. The control group incurred higher overall costs compared to intervention ($2,465 vs. $1,743, respectively). Relative to control, the intervention resulted in incremental improvements in MVPA and QALYs and was deemed cost-effective. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that compared to control, the intervention would be cost-effective for improving MVPA and QALYs at very low willingness to pay thresholds. Sensitivity analyses indicated that results were robust to varied assumptions. This study shows that PA telephone coaching was a low-cost strategy for increasing MVPA and QALYs in insufficiently active ambulatory hospital patients. Findings of health benefits and overall cost-savings are uncommon and PA telephone coaching offers a potentially cost-effective investment to produce important public health outcomes.
Additional file 1 of Combining analytical techniques to assess the translocation of diesel particles across an alveolar tissue barrier in vitro
Creators: name: Gunasingam, Gowsinth
name: He, Ruiwen
name: Taladriz-Blanco, Patricia
name: Balog, Sandor
name: Petri-Fink, Alke
name: Rothen-Rutishauser, Barbara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: Dorsal wrist swelling: Carpal boss with associated synovial cyst
Creators: name: da Mata, Inês
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: MR
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 60-year-old female presented at the orthopaedic clinic due to a swelling on the dorsal aspect of her left hand. The swelling had developed over the past year, increasing in size recently. No significant trauma was recalled. The patient reported no significant pain or functional limitations.

description: 60 years, female
title: Arbeitslos – und dann? Die neuen Jobs sind meistens atypische Beschäftigungen
Creators: name: Lietzmann, Torsten
name: Hohmeyer, Katrin
Publisher: name: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02qcqwf93
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025
Subjects: Arbeitslose
Arbeitslosigkeit
atypische Beschäftigung
Eingliederung von Langzeitarbeitslosen

description: Was passiert, nachdem Menschen arbeitslos geworden sind? Tatsächlich sind die weiteren Erwerbsverläufe höchst unterschiedlich. Der dauerhafte Sprung in eine unbefristete Vollzeitbeschäftigung gelingt den meisten Betroffenen zunächst nicht. Vielmehr findet sich die Mehrzahl in den ersten vier Jahren nach Eintritt der Arbeitslosigkeit in atypischen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen wie befristeter Beschäftigung, Teilzeit, Leiharbeit oder Minijobs wieder, nicht selten unterbrochen von Phasen erneuter Arbeitslosigkeit.
description: IAB-Forum, 2025-05-07.01
Additional file 1 of Combining analytical techniques to assess the translocation of diesel particles across an alveolar tissue barrier in vitro
Creators: name: Gunasingam, Gowsinth
name: HE, Ruiwen
name: Taladriz-Blanco, Patricia
name: Balog, Sandor
name: Petri-Fink, Alke
name: Rothen-Rutishauser, Barbara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: The Use of Terrestrial Lidar for the Detection of Oil-Contaminated Vegetation
Creators: name: Davis, Donald
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Oil spill detection
subject: Remote sensing
subject: Terrestrial lidar
subject: Spartina alterniflora
subject: Smooth cordgrass
subject: LIDAR

description: Oil spills happen all over the globe and the oil that is lost poses a hazard to the environment wherever it drifts. The ability to detect the location of vegetation that has become contaminated with oil from a spill would be useful in mitigating the effects to the environment. Terrestrial lidar instruments are being used as survey instruments for topographic and engineering surveys and mobile terrestrial lidar instruments are routinely mounted on land based vehicles and watercraft. These instruments are used to survey coastal areas during large oil spills. The data collected by a terrestrial lidar instrument are the coordinates (X, Y, Z) and intensity for each laser return. The location of oil contaminated vegetation would be identified if there is a measurable difference in the intensity return of oil contaminated vegetation vs. uncontaminated vegetation. This thesis investigates this possibility.
title: Refining the mechanism of CO₂ and H₂ activation over gold-ceria catalysts by IR modulation excitation spectroscopy
Creators: name: Weyel, Jakob
name: Hess, Christian
Publisher: name: Royal Society of Chemistry
Year: 2025

description: The activation and utilization of the greenhouse gas CO₂ is of great interest for the energy transition as a fossil-free carbon source for mitigating climate change. CO₂ hydrogenation via the reverse water–gas shift reaction (RWGSR) converts CO₂ to CO, a crucial component of syngas, enabling further transformation by means of the Fischer–Tropsch process. In this study, we unravel the detailed mechanism of the RWGSR on low-loaded Au/CeO₂ catalysts using IR modulation excitation spectroscopy (MES), by periodically modulating the concentration of the reactants, followed by phase-sensitive detection (PSD). Applying such a MES-PSD approach to Au/CeO₂ catalysts during RWGSR gives direct spectroscopic evidence for the active role of gold hydride, bidentate carbonate and hydroxyl species in the reaction mechanism, while disproving the participation of other species such as formate. Our results highlight the potential of modulation excitation spectroscopy combined with phase-sensitive detection to provide new mechanistic insight into catalytic reactions not accessible by steady-state techniques, including a profound understanding of the sequence of reaction steps.
title: Evaluating the Plausibility of using Brain-to-Brain Communication to Create Neuromuscular Connection for Prosthetic Usage
Creators: name: Asuagbor, Alesazem
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Phantom Limb Syndrome
subject: Neuroprosthetics
subject: Congenital Amputation

description: When prosthetics are developed, they are created for traumatic amputees to restore quality of life so they can live as they did before their limb loss. However, for an individual with congenital amputation — an underdeveloped or nonexistent limb from birth — there are not as many options due to many prosthetics relying on the user’s prior experience with the missing limb[1][2]. The purpose of this project is to investigate the possibility of using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to control a prosthetic hand. Based on this knowledge, a prosthetic will be designed for an individual with a congenital amputation. Use of this device may be difficult for these individuals compared to those with trauma-based amputations because they lack experience with the limb in question. This can result in more difficulty during the rehabilitation process due to the neurological disconnect. This can be counteracted by utilizing brain-to-brain communication. By sending the neurophysiological signals of an able-bodied person to the individual with the amputation they can teach the amputee’s brain these new motor skills. First, the biosignals responsible for the motor functions of the specific limb must be identified and analyzed[1][3]. By determining if the signals for moving one limb are identical to the signals for the other limb, they can be sent via brain-to-brain communication to the patient with the missing limb. Sharing these signals will help them learn how to use the prosthetic, thus making rehabilitation easier. The hypothesis is that using the EEG signals communicated to the congenital amputee via brain-to-brain communication will make the neurological connections needed to make moving the prosthetic easier. The end device would be equivalent to a myoelectric prosthetic controlled by Phantom Limb Syndrome (PLS), except it will utilize learned EEG signals instead of depending solely on PLS[1][2].
She'll Be ‘Right… but Are They? An Australian Perspective on Women in High Performance Sport Coaching
Creators: name: Roberts, Alexandra
name: Clarke, Anthea
name: Fox-Harding, C
name: Askew, Georgia
name: MacMahon, Clare
name: Nimphius, S
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise

description: Participation and media coverage of women in high-performance sport has been steadily increasing in recent years throughout the world. While this increase in interest has led to many young women and girls becoming involved in grassroots sport, there has yet to be a significant change in the number of women in coaching roles, particularly at the high-performance level. This paper synthesizes and summarizes the current challenges facing women sport coaches in Australia, drawing from existing research, media and government reports to understand the barriers for women entering and progressing in these roles. We also present some of the more recent initiatives to increase opportunities for women in high performance coaching. Within Australia, there is a need to (1) understand the pipeline for women coaches, (2) examine the interacting contexts and constraints that women are subject to within sporting organizations, and (3) create a preliminary framework for future research, outreach, and education to address gender inequity within Australian sport coaching.
title: Paper: "An Essay on Complexity," September 1995
Creators: name: Warfield, John
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Warfield, John N.
subject: Complexity

description: Manuscript: typescript with tables, 15 pgs. 8.5" x 11" (21.6 cm x 29.7 cm)
description: Warfield describes this article as an attempt to summarize the "essential conclusions" of 25 years worth of research on complexity. The article defines complexity, discusses its definitive features, offers four ways of measuring complexity, and provides methods for reducing complexity. Article includes abstract. John N. Warfield Collection 20.10
РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ КОНВЕНЦИИ ПО БОРЬБЕ С ОПУСТЫНИВАНИЕМ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ УЗБЕКИСТАН: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И БУДУЩИЕ ВЫЗОВЫ
Creators: name: Аслонова, Нафиса
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В статье рассматриваются современные тенденции и вызовы, связанные с реализацией Конвенции ООН по борьбе с опустыниванием (UNCCD) в Республике Узбекистан. Узбекистан, как страна с высоким риском опустынивания и деградации земель, активно участвует в выполнении положений Конвенции. Анализируются ключевые достижения, включая разработку национальных стратегий и программ, направленных на восстановление деградированных территорий и улучшение управления водными ресурсами. Обсуждаются также существующие проблемы, такие как климатические изменения, нехватка ресурсов и необходимость усиления институциональных и правовых механизмов. Особое внимание уделяется перспективам дальнейшего международного сотрудничества и интеграции инновационных технологий для устойчивого управления природными ресурсами. Статья подчеркивает важность комплексного подхода к борьбе с опустыниванием для обеспечения устойчивого развития и улучшения качества жизни в Узбекистане.
Effects of an intermittent exercise protocol on ankle control during a single-legged landing
Creators: name: Ayalath, Lakshmi R
name: Rico-Bini, Rodrigo
name: Wundersitz, Daniel
name: Weerakkody, Nivan
name: De-Noronha, Marcos
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise
classificationCode: 5201
subject: Applied and developmental psychology

description: Abstract: Purpose- To identify the effects of fatigue from an exercise protocol (similar to a soccer match) on ankle motion and forces during single-legged drop landing. Methods Seventeen males aged (mean ± SD) 22.2 ± 2.0 years participated in this repeated measures study. A 90-min intermittent exercise protocol with a 15-min rest at halftime was performed. Before, at halftime and after the exercise, participants were tested via a single-legged drop landing task onto a force platform whilst wearing a three-dimensional inertial measurement system (Xsens). Ankle angles (plantarflexion/dorsiflexion and inversion/eversion) were analysed before landing and at peak ground reaction force after landing, and center of pressure was analysed at peak ground reaction force. Results- No significant differences were found for the outcomes between pre-, halftime and post-exercise (p > 0.05). Conclusions- Findings suggest that exercises simulating a soccer match (regarding exertion) do not necessarily lead to significant changes in ankle motion or forces around the ankle.
Managing Amelogenesis Imperfecta in the mixed dentition: A comprehensive approach
Creators: name: Kalubowila, Samudi Sathsara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a rare disease known to cause alterations of the structure and clinical appearance of enamel due to a single gene mutation. It represents developmental defects in the quantity as well as quality of the enamel of both deciduous and permanent dentition. The estimated prevalence of AI is lower than  0.5% according to international studies. Witkop and Sauk in 1989 classified AI into four major categories based on the phenotype. Those are hypoplastic type, hypocalcification type, hypomaturation type and hypoplasia-hypomaturation with taurodontism. Abnormalities of enamel result in dentine sensitivity, rapid tooth substance loss and unsightly appearance ,leading to considerable esthetic and functional consequences for the patient as well as the clinician, making successful rehabilitationof the AI patient, a challenge. The following case report presents multidisciplinary managementof a pediatric patient with Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta in mixed dentition.
title: Silenced Voices: Paleodemography, Representation, and Marginalization of the Individuals at the Baum Site
Creators: name: Midyette, Madeline
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Baum Site
subject: Ossuary
subject: Middle Woodland
subject: Late Woodland

description: This thesis employs a paleodemographic analysis of the series of burials at the Baum Site, in Currituck County, North Carolina. Although the nature of commingled secondary burials dictates the methods that can be applied and the analyses that can be conducted, paleodemographic reconstructions are a foundation upon which interpretations can be developed. Skeletal analysis has investigated an estimated 145 adult individuals within the secondary and primary burials that compose the “cemetery” area. This estimate is based upon the burials that remained, with knowledge of significant environmental erosion or the burial contexts prior to excavation. Estimated ages ranged from subadults to individuals estimated to be in their 80’s at the time of death. The data is contextualized archaeologically, and cautiously, historically. Discussion addresses the imposing power dynamic of European contact and histories, and the persistent lack of representation - which has resulted in marginalization, a need for increased mindfulness for living-dead interactions and the power dynamics that exist.
Leisure, employment, community participation and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children: A scoping review
Creators: name: Davy, Gemma
name: Unwin, Katy
name: Barbaro, Josephine
name: Dissanayake, Cheryl
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Davy, G., Unwin, K. L., Barbaro, J., & Dissanayake, C. (2022). Leisure, employment, community participation and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children: A scoping review. Autism, 26(8), 1916–1930. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221105836
Abstract: Parenting an autistic child can reduce the time parents have to participate in their own interests, but the impact this has on caregiver quality of life is not well understood. The aim in undertaking this scoping review was to examine and describe current research about occupational participation and quality of life among parents of autistic children. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension guidelines, a comprehensive search of multiple databases was conducted with a systematic selection process resulting in a final set of 70 articles. These included publications related to leisure, community and employment occupations, and quality of life in parents and caregivers of autistic children or children with additional needs. The review revealed the impact of caregiving demands and challenges in raising an autistic child that often take priority over the caregiver’s own needs and desires, particularly in occupational participation, which impacts their quality of life. Gaps were identified in the literature on parental occupations and the relationship with quality of life among caregivers of autistic children, particularly fathers. Further investigation into caregiving experiences and examination of the relationship between parental occupations and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children is needed, as the findings can inform the development of suitable supports for them. Lay abstract: We searched a wide range of academic journals for published information on the participation levels of caregivers of autistic children in activities relating to leisure, social, community and employment contexts, and the impact that participation may have on caregiver quality of life. Overall, we found that the impact of parenting an autistic child is broad with caregivers often prioritising their child’s needs over their own, particularly in occupational participation, which impacts their quality of life. Findings also highlighted a need for further research to investigate the experience of caregivers, and the relationship between participation and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children, as the results can inform the development of better supports for them.
Leisure, employment, community participation and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children: A scoping review
Creators: name: Davy, Gemma
name: Unwin, Katy
name: Barbaro, Josephine
name: Dissanayake, Cheryl
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Davy, G., Unwin, K. L., Barbaro, J., & Dissanayake, C. (2022). Leisure, employment, community participation and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children: A scoping review. Autism, 26(8), 1916–1930. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221105836
Abstract: Parenting an autistic child can reduce the time parents have to participate in their own interests, but the impact this has on caregiver quality of life is not well understood. The aim in undertaking this scoping review was to examine and describe current research about occupational participation and quality of life among parents of autistic children. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension guidelines, a comprehensive search of multiple databases was conducted with a systematic selection process resulting in a final set of 70 articles. These included publications related to leisure, community and employment occupations, and quality of life in parents and caregivers of autistic children or children with additional needs. The review revealed the impact of caregiving demands and challenges in raising an autistic child that often take priority over the caregiver’s own needs and desires, particularly in occupational participation, which impacts their quality of life. Gaps were identified in the literature on parental occupations and the relationship with quality of life among caregivers of autistic children, particularly fathers. Further investigation into caregiving experiences and examination of the relationship between parental occupations and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children is needed, as the findings can inform the development of suitable supports for them. Lay abstract: We searched a wide range of academic journals for published information on the participation levels of caregivers of autistic children in activities relating to leisure, social, community and employment contexts, and the impact that participation may have on caregiver quality of life. Overall, we found that the impact of parenting an autistic child is broad with caregivers often prioritising their child’s needs over their own, particularly in occupational participation, which impacts their quality of life. Findings also highlighted a need for further research to investigate the experience of caregivers, and the relationship between participation and quality of life in caregivers of autistic children, as the results can inform the development of better supports for them.
Recursive Product Launch Framework
Creators: name: Prakash, Prashant
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Recursive Launch
Trust Graphs
RTGS
YAS
Product Loops
Emerging Markets
Adaptive Rollouts
Retail Trust
BWGREV
Yearning Sampling
Feedback Systems
Epistemic Diffusion

description: Recursive Product Launch Framework

A Trust-Driven Paradigm for Adaptive Diffusion in Emerging MarketsSponsored by BWGREV TechIndia Pvt Ltd

This paper introduces the Recursive Product Launch Framework (RPLF)—a groundbreaking model for launching products in emerging markets using trust, epistemic alignment, and adaptive feedback loops.

Instead of treating launches as one-time events, RPLF reimagines them as a series of evolving loops (L₁, L₂, L₃...), each driven by trust scores (RTGS), yearning signals (YAS), and real-time field intelligence. The framework combines behavioral theory, systems science, and recursive intelligence to minimize product failures, maximize resonance, and dynamically scale across regions.

Key innovations include:

Recursive Trust Graph System (RTGS) for trust-based loop design

Yearning Drift Tracker (YDT) to detect silent churn or misalignment

Loop Failure Taxonomy for rapid diagnosis and recovery

RTGS Cloning for cross-city scale

Integration with MES and delivery ops for end-to-end recursion

Built and validated through live experiments with BWGREV’s retail network, this framework sets a new benchmark for decentralized, high-feedback product diffusion across India and similar markets.
Pooled incidence and case-fatality of acute stroke in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: He, Fan
name: Blackberry, Irene
name: Yao, L
name: Xie, H
name: Rasekaba, Tshepo
name: Mnatzaganian, George
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4202
subject: Epidemiology
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Background: Stroke incidence and case-fatality in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao vary by geographic region and rates often differ across and within regions. This systematic review and meta-analysis (SR) estimated the pooled incidence and short-term case-fatality of acute first ever stroke in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao. Methods: Longitudinal studies published in English or Chinese after 1990 were searched in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, SinoMed and CQVIP. The incidence was expressed as Poisson means estimated as the number of events divided by time at risk. Random effect models calculated the pooled incidence and pooled case-fatality. Chi-squared trend tests evaluated change in the estimates over time. When possible, age standardised rates were calculated. Percent of variation across studies that was due to heterogeneity rather than chance was tested using the I2 statistic.The effect of covariates on heterogeneity was investigated using meta-regressions. Publication bias was tested using funnel plots and Egger’s tests. Results: Overall, 72 studies were included. The pooled incidences of total stroke (TS), ischaemic stroke (IS) and haemorrhagic stroke (HS) were 468.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 163.33–1346.11), 366.79 (95% CI: 129.66–1037.64) and 106.67 (95% CI: 55.96–203.33) per 100,000 person-years, respectively, varied according to the four economic regions (East Coast, Central China, Northeast and Western China) with the lowest rates detected in the East Coast. Increased trends over time in the incidence of TS and IS were observed (p<0.001 in both). One-month and three-to-twelve-month case-fatalities were 0.11 (95% CI: 0.04–0.18) and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.12–0.17), respectively for IS; and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.26–0.45) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.18–0.32), respectively for HS. One-month case-fatality of IS and HS decreased over time for both (p<0.001). Three-to-twelve-month fatalities following IS increased over time (p<0.001). Publication bias was not found. Conclusions: Regional differences in stroke incidence were observed with the highest rates detected in less developed regions. Although 1-month fatality following IS is decreasing, the increased trends in 3-12-month fatality may suggest an inappropriate long-term management following index hospital discharge.
Antiretroviral therapy use, viral detectability and fear of onward transmission among people living with HIV in Australia: Changes between 1997 and 2018
Creators: name: Norman, Thomas
name: Bourne, Adam
name: Lyons, Anthony
name: Rule, John
name: Power, Jennifer
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: This paper examines how antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and fears towards the onward transmission of HIV have changed among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Australia between 1997 and 2018. Participants were recruited as part of the HIV Futures study, a large cross-sectional survey of PLHIV in Australia, in 1997, 2003, 2012 and 2018 (total n = 3889). ART use, viral load detectability, and fear of onward HIV transmission were compared between years. Predictors of onward transmission fear were assessed among the 2018 subsample. While ART use within our sample decreased between 1997 and 2003, it subsequently increased to 97% in 2018. Self-reported viral load undetectability steadily increased over time, up to 88% in 2018. Notably, fewer PLHIV reported being fearful of transmitting HIV in 2018 compared to all other years. Being unfamiliar with the undetectable = untransmissible health movement, and having a detectable or uncertain viral load at last test, were significant predictors of being fearful of onward HIV transmission. Beyond the immediate medical considerations of HIV treatment, these results suggest that the undetectable = untransmissible movement may play a critical role in attenuating burdens experienced by PLHIV in Australia and that such messaging, in tandem with early and consistent ART use, should remain a salient feature of heath messaging among this population.
Antiretroviral therapy use, viral detectability and fear of onward transmission among people living with HIV in Australia: Changes between 1997 and 2018
Creators: name: Norman, Thomas
name: Bourne, Adam
name: Lyons, Anthony
name: Rule, John
name: Power, Jennifer
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: This paper examines how antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and fears towards the onward transmission of HIV have changed among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Australia between 1997 and 2018. Participants were recruited as part of the HIV Futures study, a large cross-sectional survey of PLHIV in Australia, in 1997, 2003, 2012 and 2018 (total n = 3889). ART use, viral load detectability, and fear of onward HIV transmission were compared between years. Predictors of onward transmission fear were assessed among the 2018 subsample. While ART use within our sample decreased between 1997 and 2003, it subsequently increased to 97% in 2018. Self-reported viral load undetectability steadily increased over time, up to 88% in 2018. Notably, fewer PLHIV reported being fearful of transmitting HIV in 2018 compared to all other years. Being unfamiliar with the undetectable = untransmissible health movement, and having a detectable or uncertain viral load at last test, were significant predictors of being fearful of onward HIV transmission. Beyond the immediate medical considerations of HIV treatment, these results suggest that the undetectable = untransmissible movement may play a critical role in attenuating burdens experienced by PLHIV in Australia and that such messaging, in tandem with early and consistent ART use, should remain a salient feature of heath messaging among this population.
γδ T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment—Interactions With Other Immune Cells
Creators: name: Chan, Kok Fei
name: da Gama Duarte, Jessica
name: Ostrouska, Simone
name: Behren, Andreas
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3101
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology
classificationCode: 3105
subject: Genetics
classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3204
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 3211
subject: Oncology and carcinogenesis

description: A growing number of studies have shown that γδ T cells play a pivotal role in mediating the clearance of tumors and pathogen-infected cells with their potent cytotoxic, cytolytic, and unique immune-modulating functions. Unlike the more abundant αβ T cells, γδ T cells can recognize a broad range of tumors and infected cells without the requirement of antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Our group has recently demonstrated parts of the mechanisms of T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent activation of Vγ9Vδ2+ T cells by tumors following the presentation of phosphoantigens, intermediates of the mevalonate pathway. This process is mediated through the B7 immunoglobulin family-like butyrophilin 2A1 (BTN2A1) and BTN3A1 complexes. Such recognition results in activation, a robust immunosurveillance process, and elicits rapid γδ T-cell immune responses. These include targeted cell killing, and the ability to produce copious quantities of cytokines and chemokines to exert immune-modulating properties and to interact with other immune cells. This immune cell network includes αβ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, natural killer cells, and neutrophils, hence heavily influencing the outcome of immune responses. This key role in orchestrating immune cells and their natural tropism for tumor microenvironment makes γδ T cells an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we review the current understanding of these important interactions and highlight the implications of the crosstalk between γδ T cells and other immune cells in the context of anti-tumor immunity.
Impact of a Mediterranean diet on hepatic and metabolic outcomes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The MEDINA randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: George, Elena
name: Reddy, Anj
name: Nicoll, AJ
name: Ryan, MC
name: Itsiopoulos, Catherine
name: Abbott, G
name: Johnson, NA
name: Sood, S
name: Roberts, SK
name: Tierney, Audrey
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is predominantly managed by lifestyle intervention, in the absence of effective pharmacotherapies. Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is the recommended diet, albeit with limited evidence. Aims: To compare an ad libitum MedDiet to low-fat diet (LFD) in patients with NAFLD for reducing intrahepatic lipids (IHL) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Secondary outcomes include insulin resistance by homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA-IR), visceral fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and other metabolic outcomes. Methods: In this parallel multicentre RCT, subjects were randomised (1:1) to MedDiet or LFD for 12 weeks. Results: Forty-two participants (25 females [60%], mean age 52.3 ± 12.6 years) were included, 23 randomised to LFD and 19 to MedDiet.; 39 completed the study. Following 12 weeks, there were no between-group differences. IHL improved significantly within the LFD group (−17% [log scale]; p =.02) but not within the MedDiet group (−8%, p =.069). HOMA-IR reduced in the LFD group (6.5 ± 5.6 to 5.5 ± 5.5, p <.01) but not in the MedDiet group (4.4 ± 3.2 to 3.9 ± 2.3, p =.07). No differences were found for LSM (MedDiet 7.8 ± 4.0 to 7.6 ± 5.2, p =.429; LFD 11.8 ± 14.3 to 10.8 ± 10.2 p =.99). Visceral fat reduced significantly in both groups; LFD (−76% [log scale], p = <.0005), MedDiet (−61%, p = <.0005). Conclusions: There were no between-group differences for hepatic and metabolic outcomes when comparing MedDiet to LFD. LFD improved IHL and insulin resistance. Significant improvements in visceral fat were seen within both groups. This study highlights provision of dietary interventions in free-living adults with NAFLD is challenging.
Impact of a Mediterranean diet on hepatic and metabolic outcomes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The MEDINA randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: George, Elena
name: Reddy, Anj
name: Nicoll, AJ
name: Ryan, MC
name: Itsiopoulos, Catherine
name: Abbott, G
name: Johnson, NA
name: Sood, S
name: Roberts, SK
name: Tierney, Audrey
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3210
subject: Nutrition and dietetics

description: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is predominantly managed by lifestyle intervention, in the absence of effective pharmacotherapies. Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is the recommended diet, albeit with limited evidence. Aims: To compare an ad libitum MedDiet to low-fat diet (LFD) in patients with NAFLD for reducing intrahepatic lipids (IHL) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Secondary outcomes include insulin resistance by homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA-IR), visceral fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and other metabolic outcomes. Methods: In this parallel multicentre RCT, subjects were randomised (1:1) to MedDiet or LFD for 12 weeks. Results: Forty-two participants (25 females [60%], mean age 52.3 ± 12.6 years) were included, 23 randomised to LFD and 19 to MedDiet.; 39 completed the study. Following 12 weeks, there were no between-group differences. IHL improved significantly within the LFD group (−17% [log scale]; p =.02) but not within the MedDiet group (−8%, p =.069). HOMA-IR reduced in the LFD group (6.5 ± 5.6 to 5.5 ± 5.5, p <.01) but not in the MedDiet group (4.4 ± 3.2 to 3.9 ± 2.3, p =.07). No differences were found for LSM (MedDiet 7.8 ± 4.0 to 7.6 ± 5.2, p =.429; LFD 11.8 ± 14.3 to 10.8 ± 10.2 p =.99). Visceral fat reduced significantly in both groups; LFD (−76% [log scale], p = <.0005), MedDiet (−61%, p = <.0005). Conclusions: There were no between-group differences for hepatic and metabolic outcomes when comparing MedDiet to LFD. LFD improved IHL and insulin resistance. Significant improvements in visceral fat were seen within both groups. This study highlights provision of dietary interventions in free-living adults with NAFLD is challenging.
Orthorexia nervosa is a concern in gastroenterology: A scoping review
Creators: name: Tuck, Caroline
name: Sultan, Nessmah
name: Tonkovic, Matilda
name: Biesiekierski, Jessica
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3208
subject: Medical physiology
classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 3210
subject: Nutrition and dietetics

description: There is concern that use of restrictive therapeutic diets, such as those used in disorders of the gut-brain interaction (DGBI), may increase disordered eating. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Burton Murray et al. and Peters et al. both demonstrate a high prevalence of disordered eating in patients with gastrointestinal conditions, particularly those with DGBI. Given these findings, it is likely that orthorexia is common in this patient group, although this was not directly examined in these studies. Orthorexia nervosa is described as an obsessive and unsafe focus on eating foods perceived as healthy. This mini-review therefore focuses on orthorexia by conducting a scoping review, as per the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, aimed to assess the prevalence of orthorexia, and associations between orthorexia and restrictive eating practices. While a wide range of orthorexia prevalence has been reported (0%–97%) across the 57 studies included, no studies assessed prevalence specifically in gastrointestinal conditions. Four of eight studies describing diseases associated with specific dietary patterns suggested that participants who followed a diet for “digestive issues” or “food intolerances” were at higher orthorexia risk. These results suggest that dietary modifications may be a factor contributing to orthorexia. Additionally, we provide a commentary on the clinical implications of the findings for gastrointestinal conditions including a clinical flow chart. Clinicians should consider if a restrictive diet is appropriate for individuals with DGBI and include screening for disordered eating prior to implementation of dietary modifications. Future prospective studies should evaluate orthorexia within this patient group.
MicroRNA-21 is immunosuppressive and pro-metastatic via separate mechanisms
Creators: name: Chi, Lap Hing
name: Cross, RSN
name: Redvers, Richard
name: Davis, M
name: Hediyeh-zadeh, S
name: Mathivanan, Suresh
name: Samuel, M
name: Lucas, EC
name: Mouchemore, Kellie
name: Gregory, PA
name: Johnstone, Cameron
name: Anderson, Robin
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 3101
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology
classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3204
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 3211
subject: Oncology and carcinogenesis

description: MiR-21 was identified as a gene whose expression correlated with the extent of metastasis of murine mammary tumours. Since miR-21 is recognised as being associated with poor prognosis in cancer, we investigated its contribution to mammary tumour growth and metastasis in tumours with capacity for spontaneous metastasis. Unexpectedly, we found that suppression of miR-21 activity in highly metastatic tumours resulted in regression of primary tumour growth in immunocompetent mice but did not impede growth in immunocompromised mice. Analysis of the immune infiltrate of the primary tumours at the time when the tumours started to regress revealed an influx of both CD4+ and CD8+ activated T cells and a reduction in PD-L1+ infiltrating monocytes, providing an explanation for the observed tumour regression. Loss of anti-tumour immune suppression caused by decreased miR-21 activity was confirmed by transcriptomic analysis of primary tumours. This analysis also revealed reduced expression of genes associated with cell cycle progression upon loss of miR-21 activity. A second activity of miR-21 was the promotion of metastasis as shown by the loss of metastatic capacity of miR-21 knockdown tumours established in immunocompromised mice, despite no impact on primary tumour growth. A proteomic analysis of tumour cells with altered miR-21 activity revealed deregulation of proteins known to be associated with tumour progression. The development of therapies targeting miR-21, possibly via targeted delivery to tumour cells, could be an effective therapy to combat primary tumour growth and suppress the development of metastatic disease.
Assessing the effectiveness of a 4-week online intervention on food literacy and fruit and vegetable consumption in Australian adults: The online MedDiet challenge
Creators: name: Ng, Ashley
name: Elghattis, Yasser
name: Biesiekierski, Jessica
name: Moschonis, George
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health
classificationCode: 4409
subject: Social work

description: Australians fail to meet the daily recommended two and five serves of fruit and vegetable respectively, which increases mortality risk for non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an online intervention delivered through social media on food literacy and fruit and vegetable consumption in Australian adults. In a pre-post single group experimental study, 29 participants completed the “online MedDiet challenge”, a four-week intervention delivered via Facebook. Infographics, recipes and informational videos aligned with food literacy concepts related to the Mediterranean Diet were shared with participants. Outcome measures included a validated food literacy questionnaire with two questions from the National Nutrition Survey to record fruit and vegetable consumption. The mean age of participants was 52 years (range: 25–67 years). Post intervention, food literacy improved between 21%–45% across each survey component. Participants also reported an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption by 0.6 and 1.3 serves per day (p < 0.05) respectively. Social media holds potential for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in adults through food literacy. Future research should focus on longer studies and larger cohorts to confirm that food literacy plays a key component to maintain sustainability of such interventions.