Dysdera shardana Opatova &amp; Arnedo 2009, sp. n.
Creators: name: Arnedo, Miquel
name: Gasparo, Fulvio
name: Opatova, Vera
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Dysderidae
Dysdera
Dysdera shardana

description: <i>Dysdera shardana</i> Opatova &amp; Arnedo, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0D4FFE8A-AA79-4F64-9420-C9AC902A612A Figs 5, 7, 9, 12-13, 19-22 <i>Dysdera kollari</i> Grasshoff, 1959: 219, figs 6 [♁] (NO Torralba, SO Cuglieri, S Cuglieri). Schult, 1983: 69-84, fig. 8 [♁] (same specimens as Grasshoff, 1959). Misidentification. <b>Type material</b> . Holotype: male: Italy, Sardinia, Oristano, Morgongiori, Is Benas recreation area, Mt. Arci, 39.7606N, 8.76062E, 566 m, mixed <i>Pinus</i> and <i>Quercus</i> forest, 15.X.2005, M. Arnedo and M. Mejía-Chang leg. (CRBA001246). Paratypes: 1 female (CRBA 001246), 1 female (CRBA 001247, DNA extraction K477), 2 juvs (CRBA 001713, CRBA 001714, DNA extraction LB297) same data and collectors. <b>Additional material examined.</b> <b>Italy: Sardinia</b>: <b>Cagliari</b>: Fluminimaggiore, Is Arenas, under <i>Quercus ilex</i>; 800 m; G. Gardini leg. 29.III.1991, 1 ♁ (CG); Flumini- maggiore, Tempio di Antas, under <i>Quercus ilex</i>; 360 m; G. Gardini leg. 29.III.1991, 1 &amp;female; (CG). <b>Nuoro</b>, Aritzo, Castagneto Geratzia, Mt. Gennargentu; 39.96846N 9.19782E; 867 m; <i>Castaneus</i> and <i>Quercus suber</i> forest; 17.X.2005; M. Arnedo, M. Mejía-Chang &amp; G. Giribet leg. (1&amp;female; CRBA001262 cryo-collection, DNA extraction LB303, 1&amp;female; CRBA001710 cryo-collection, DNA extraction LB304, 1♁ CRBA0001263 cryocollection, DNA extraction LB305, 1&amp;female; CRBA0001711 cryo-collection, DNA extraction LB306); Desulo, rd. to Fonni, Mt. Gennargentu; 40.05645N 9.22955E; 1146 m; <i>Quercus pubens</i> forest; 17.X.2005; M. Arnedo, M. Mejía-Chang and G. Giribet leg. (1♁ CRBA0001268, DNA extraction LB294, 1♁ CRBA001270 cryo-collection. DNA extraction LB307, 1♁ CRBA001712 cryo-collection. DNA extraction LB308); Macomer, Mt. S. Antonio, A. Vigna leg. 2.V.1967, 1 ♁ (MCVR). <b>Oristano</b>, Cuglieri, rd. to San Leonardo 7 Fuentes, Mt. Ferru; 40.17931N 8.58544E; 587 m; dry, open <i>Quercus</i> forest; 14.X.2005; M. Arnedo and M. Mejía-Chang leg. (1&amp;female; CRBA 001238, cryo-collection, DNA extraction LB295); nearby S. Leonardo 7 Fuentes, Mt. Ferru, 40.20362N 8.68969E; 699 m; old crops and open forest <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Rubus</i>; 14.X.2005; M. Arnedo &amp; M. Mejía-Chang leg. (1&amp;female; CRBA 001240 cryo-collection, DNA extraction LB296, 1&amp;female; CRBA001707 cryo-collection, DNA extraction LB299, 1juv. CRBA001708 cryo-collection, DNA extraction LB300,); Morgongiori, Bruncu Mutzuis, 39.77145N 8.74666E; 761 m; open <i>Quercus</i> forest w/ mosses; 15.X.2005; M. Arnedo &amp; M. Mejía-Chang leg. (1sub♁ CRBA001256, cryo-collection, DNA extraction LB301) 1 9 20 P AR L AR 2 1 22 P L <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Dysdera shardana</i> sp. n. differs from continental species of the <i>erythrina</i> group in the shape of the posterior-distal part of the tegulum, which is expanded in the continental species. In addition, continental females of the <i>erythrina</i> group exhibit a characteristic hourglass-shaped spermatheca, which is very attenuated in <i>D. shardana</i> sp. n. It can also be distinguished from <i>D. erythrina</i> and <i>D. erythrina provincialis</i> by the lateral concave shape of the chelicera and a heavily wrinkled (foveate) carapace (Figs 5, 7). It differs from <i>D. jana</i> sp. n., also from Sardinia, in the presence of dorsal spines on tibia 4, the position and length of the finger-like process on the tip of the male bulb (compare Figs 15 and 21), and by the fusion of the anterior sclerotised stripes of the vulva VA (compare Figs 9 and 11). <b>Etymology</b>. The name in apposition refers to the Shardana people, one of several groups of “Sea Peoples” that appear in fragmentary historical records (Egyptian inscriptions) for the Mediterranean region in the second millennium B.C. According to some scholars they settled in Sardinia after the period of Ramses III (around 1180 B.C.). <b>Description.</b> <i>Holotype male</i> num. CRBA 1246. Figs 5, 7, 9, 19-22. Carapace (Fig. 5) 3.01 mm long; maximum width 2.35 mm; minimum width 1.68 mm. Dark red, darkened at borders; foveate at borders, slightly wrinkled in the middle, covered with small black grains. Frontal border roughly round, from 1/2 to 3/5 carapace length; anterior lateral borders parallel; rounded at maximum dorsal width, back lateral borders straight; back margin wide, straight. AME diameter 0.18 mm; PLE 0.18 mm; PME 0.16 mm; AME slightly backwards from frontal border, separated from one another by about 2/3 diameter, close to PLE; PME close to each other, less than 1/4 PME diameter from PLE. Labium trapezoid-shaped, base wider than distal part; longer than wide at base; semicircular groove at tip. Sternum brownish orange, darkened on borders; wrinkled; uniformly covered in slender black hairs. Chelicerae 1.2 mm long, about 2/5 of carapace length in dorsal view; fang long, 1.22 mm; basal segment proximal dorsal, ventral side scantly covered with piligerous granulations; concave-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 7). Chelicera inner groove long, about 1/2 cheliceral length; armed with three teeth and lamina at base; B=M&gt;D; D triangular, slightly below groove midpoint; B close to basal lamina; M close to B. Legs yellow. Lengths of male described above: fe1 2.3 mm (all measurements in mm); pa1 1.3; ti1 1.84; me1 1.66; ta1 0.48; total 7.57; fe2 2.09; pa2 1.22; ti2 1.71; me2 1.58; ta2 0.51; total 7.11; fe3 1.58; pa3 0.87; ti3 1.07; me3 1.43; ta3 0.41; total 5.31; fe4 2.09; pa4 1.17; ti4 1.68; me4 1.89; ta4 0.51; total 7.34; fe Pdp 1.22; pa Pdp 0.66; ti Pdp 0.66; ta Pdp 0.71; total 3.26; relative length: 1&gt;4&gt;2&gt;3. Spination: leg1, leg2 spineless; fe3d spineless; pa3 spineless; tb3d spines arranged in two bands; proximal 1.0.0; distal 1.0.0; tb3v spines arranged in one band; proximal 0.1.0; with one prolateral spine on left leg, and two terminal on right leg. Fe4d spineless; pa4 spineless; tb4d spines arranged in two bands; proximal 1.0-1.1; distal 0.0.0-1; tb4v spines arranged in one band; proximal 0.1.0; with two terminal spines. Dorsal side of frontal legs, ventral side of palp covered with hairs. Claws with eight teeth or less; hardly larger than claw width. Abdomen 3.26 mm long; cream-coloured; cylindrical. Abdominal dorsal hairs 0.13 mm long; thin, curved, not compressed, pointed; uniformly thickly distributed. Male copulatory bulb (Fig. 9) T slightly shorter than DD; external, internal distal border sloped backwards. DD bent about 45 o in lateral view; internal distal border not expanded. IS, ES equally developed; IS truncated at DD middle part. DD tip (Figs 19-21) straight in lateral view; AR present, parallel to DD; finger-like distal projection at AR retrolateral side, shorter than AR length. C absent. AC absent. LF absent. L reduced to distal part. LA absent. F absent. AL absent. P (Fig. 22) fused to T; sloped forming an angle of about 135° to T in lateral view; lateral length about 1/4 of T width; ridge present, parallel to T; not expanded, upper margin smooth; not distally projected; back margin slightly folded towards internal side. <i>Paratype female</i> num. CRBA 1246. Figs 12-13. All characters as in male except: Carapace 3.19 mm long; maximum width 2.55 mm; minimum width 1.68 mm. AME diameter 0.18 mm; PLE 0.19 mm; PME 0.16 mm; AME slightly back from frontal border, separated from one another by about 2/3 diameter, touching PLE; PME very close to each other, less than 1/4 PME diameter from PLE. Sternum very slightly wrinkled, mainly between legs and frontal border. Chelicerae 1.38 mm long; fang 1.48 mm; basal segment proximal dorsal side scantly covered with piligerous granulations. Chelicera armed with three teeth and lamina at base; M&gt;B=D. Legs orange. Lengths of female described above: fe1 2.22 mm (all measurements in mm); pa1 1.35; ti1 1.73; me1 1.58; ta1 0.46; total 7.34; fe2 2.04; pa2 1.28; ti2 1.68; me2 1.53; ta2 0.48; total 7.01; fe3 1.66; pa3 0.92; ti3 1.15; me3 1.38; ta3 0.41; total 5.51; fe4 2.27; pa4 1.22; ti4 1.79; me4 1.89; ta4 0.48; total 7.65; fe Pdp 1.17; pa Pdp 0.61; ti Pdp 0.61; ta Pdp 0.71; total 3.11; relative length 4&gt;1&gt;2&gt;3. Spination: tb3d spines arranged in two bands; proximal 1.0.0; distal 1.0.0; tb3v with two terminal spines. Tb4d spines arranged in one band; proximal 1.0.1; tb4v spines arranged in one band; proximal 0.1.0; with two terminal spines. Abdomen 4.56 mm long. Abdominal dorsal hairs 0.14 mm long; medium-sized, curved, compressed, pointed; uniformly, thickly distributed. Vulva (Figs 12-13) DA clearly distinguishable from VA; DA slightly wider than long; DF wide in dorsal view. MF margins not fused, poorly developed, membranous (Fig. 12). VA rectangle-like, pointed expansion at middle frontal part (Fig. 13); frontal region completely sclerotized; posterior region internal margin sclerotized, forming two divergent stripes; AVD absent. S attachment not projected under VA; arms as long as DA, slightly curved; tips not projected; neck hardly visible. TB usual shape. <b>Variation.</b> Carapace ranges in length from 2.50 mm to 3.42 mm, males (n=7) average 2.79 (2.50-3.06), female (n=8) average 3.07 (2.68-3.42). In general male legs bear fewer spines that female legs, one male form Mt. S. Antonio representing an extreme case of reduced spination. Spination variability summarised in Table 4. <b>Distribution.</b> Known from several localities around the western half of Sardinia, and also in the Gennargentu region on the central-eastern side of the island, spanning from 360 to above 1100 m elevation.
description: Published as part of <i>Arnedo, Miquel, Gasparo, Fulvio &amp; Opatova, Vera, 2009, Systematics and phylogeography of the Dysdera erythrina species complex (Araneae, Dysderidae) in Sardinia, pp. 319-345 in ZooKeys 16 (16)</i> on pages 334-340, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.16.128, http://zenodo.org/record/576489
description: {"references": ["Grasshoff M (1959) Dysdera - Arten von Inseln der Mittelmeergebietes (Arachn., Araneae). Senckenbergiana biologica 40: 209 - 220.", "Schult J (1983) Taster haplogyner Spinnen unter phylogenetischem Aspekt (Arachnida: Araneae). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 26: 69 - 84."]}