cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Issues in Code-Switching: Competing Theories and Models
Creators: name: Boztepe, Erman
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Linguistics--Research
subject: Code switching (Linguistics)
subject: Education
subject: English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: This paper provides a critical overview of the theoretical, analytical, and practical questions most prevalent in the study of the structural and the sociolinguistic dimensions of code-switching (CS). In doing so, it reviews a range of empirical studies from around the world. The paper first looks at the linguistic research on the structural features of CS focusing in particular on the code-switching versus borrowing distinction, and the syntactic constraints governing its operation. It then critically reviews sociological, anthropological, and linguistic perspectives dominating the sociolinguistic research on CS over the past three decades. Major empirical studies on the discourse functions of CS are discussed, noting the similarities and differences between socially motivated CS and style-shifting. Finally, directions for future research on CS are discussed, giving particular emphasis to the methodological issue of its applicability to the analysis of bilingual classroom interaction.
Estimating UK House Prices using Machine Learning
Creators: name: Awonaike, Adebayosoye
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2022

description: House price estimation is an important subject for property owners, property developers, investors and buyers. It has featured in many academic research papers and some government and commercial reports. The price of a house may vary depending on several features including geographic location, tenure, age, type, size, market, etc. Existing studies have largely focused on applying single or multiple machine learning techniques to single or groups of datasets to identify the best performing algorithms, models and/or most important predictors, but this paper proposes a cumulative layering approach to what it describes as a Multi-feature House Price Estimation (MfHPE) framework. The MfHPE is a process-oriented, data-driven and machine learning based framework that does not just identify the best performing algorithms or features that drive the accuracy of models but also exploits a cumulative multi-feature layering approach to creating machine learning models, optimising and evaluating them so as to produce tangible insights that enable the decision-making process for stakeholders within the housing ecosystem for a more realistic estimation of house prices. Fundamentally, the MfHPE framework development leverages the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) and HM Land Registry’s Price Paid Data is ingested as the base transactions data. 1.1 million London-based transaction records between January 2011 and December 2020 have been exploited for model design, optimisation and evaluation, while 84,051 2021 transactions have been used for model validation. With the capacity for updates to existing datasets and the introduction of new datasets and algorithms, the proposed framework has also leveraged a range of neighbourhood and macroeconomic features including the location of rail stations, supermarkets, bus stops, inflation rate, GDP, employment rate, Consumer Price Index (CPIH) and unemployment rate to explore their impact on the estimation of house prices and their influence on the behaviours of machine learning algorithms. Five machine learning algorithms have been exploited and three evaluation metrics have been used. Results show that the layered introduction of new variety of features in multiple tiers led to improved performance in 50% of models, a change in the best performing models as new variety of features are introduced, and that the choice of evaluation metrics should not just be based on technical problem types but on three components: (i) critical business objectives or project goals; (ii) variety of features; and (iii) machine learning algorithms.
H-ATLAS: estimating redshifts of Herschel sources from sub-mm fluxes
Creators: name: Pearson, E. A.
name: Eales, S.
name: Dunne, L.
name: Nuevo, J. Gonzalez
name: Maddox, S.
name: Aguirre, J. E.
name: Baes, M.
name: Baker, A. J.
name: Bourne, N.
name: Bradford, C. M.
name: Clark, C. J. R.
name: Cooray, A.
name: Dariush, A.
name: De Zotti, G.
name: Dye, S.
name: Frayer, D.
name: Gomez, H. L.
name: Harris, A. I.
name: Hopwood, R.
name: Ibar, E.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Jarvis, M.
name: Krips, M.
name: Lapi, A.
name: Lupu, R. E.
name: Michałowski, M. J.
name: Rosenman, M.
name: Scott, D.
name: Valiante, E.
name: Valtchanov, I.
name: van der Werf, P.
name: Vieira, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upon its completion the Herschel ATLAS (H-ATLAS) will be the largest submillimetre survey to date, detecting close to half-a-million sources. It will only be possible to measure spectroscopic redshifts for a small fraction of these sources. However, if the rest-frame spectral energy distribution (SED) of a typical H-ATLAS source is known, this SED and the observed Herschel fluxes can be used to estimate the redshifts of the H-ATLAS sources without spectroscopic redshifts. In this paper, we use a subset of 40 H-ATLAS sources with previously measured redshifts in the range 0.5 1 we estimate that the rms of Delta z/(1+z) = 0.12. We have used this template to estimate the redshift distribution for the sources detected in the H-ATLAS equatorial fields, finding a bimodal distribution with a mean redshift of 1.2, 1.9 and 2.5 for 250, 350 and 500 um selected sources respectively. \end{abstract}
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Twisted rods, helices and buckling solutions in three dimensions
Creators: name: Majumdar, Apala
name: Raisch, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of slender elastic structures is an archetypical problem in continuum mechanics, dynamical systems and bifurcation theory, with a rich history dating back to Euler's seminal work in the 18th century. These filamentary elastic structures have widespread applications in engineering and biology, examples of which include cables, textile industry, DNA experiments, collagen modelling etc. One is typically interested in the equilibrium configurations of these rod-like structures, their stability and dynamic evolution and all three questions have been extensively addressed in the literature. However, it is generally recognized that there are still several open non-trivial questions related to three-dimensional analysis of rod equilibria, inclusion of topological and positional constraints and different kinds of boundary conditions.
The Bilingual Brain
Creators: name: Ekiert, Monika
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Brain--Localization of functions
subject: Neurolinguistics
subject: Bilingualism
subject: Education
subject: English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Increased understanding of the ways in which multiple languages are represented in bilingual speakers’ brains would undoubtedly advance several theoretical issues in areas such as language acquisition and performance theory. The progress of science forces linguists to draw upon relevant data from neurolinguistics and opens a new avenue for SLA researchers. This literature review will examine neurolinguistic models that have been proposed as an explanation for the coexistence of multiple languages in a single brain and the mechanisms of linguistic segregation. An overview of the study of language localization will be presented, followed by a discussion of neurolinguistic studies investigating the cerebral representation of language in bilinguals. A particular area of focus will be factors affecting language representation in the bilingual brain.
Models, Entropy and Information of Temporal Social Networks
Creators: name: Zhao, Kun
name: Karsai, Márton
name: Bianconi, Ginestra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Temporal social networks are characterized by {heterogeneous} duration of contacts, which can either follow a power-law distribution, such as in face-to-face interactions, or a Weibull distribution, such as in mobile-phone communication. Here we model the dynamics of face-to-face interaction and mobile phone communication by a reinforcement dynamics, which explains the data observed in these different types of social interactions. We quantify the information encoded in the dynamics of these networks by the entropy of temporal networks. Finally, we show evidence that human dynamics is able to modulate the information present in social network dynamics when it follows circadian rhythms and when it is interfacing with a new technology such as the mobile-phone communication technology.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures; Temporal Networks, P. Holme, and J. Saram\"aki (Eds.) Understanding Complex Systems Series, Springer (2013)
Can Corrective Feedback Bring About Substantial Changes in the Learner Interlanguage System?
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Satoko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: English language--Errors of usage
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Interlanguage (Language learning)
subject: Education
subject: English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: This paper explores the role of corrective feedback in communicative language classrooms. Seven empirical studies investigating the effectiveness of corrective feedback are examined to determine if corrective feedback can lead to substantial changes in learners’ interlanguage systems over the long term and to find out what factors are necessary for effective feedback. The review of literature reveals that corrective feedback can have an impact on learners’ interlanguage systems if teachers follow the necessary procedures: assessment of learners’ needs, analysis of the nature of errors, and employment of methods that pinpoint errors to make learners notice a mismatch between their output and the target form. However, corrective feedback over a short period is not sufficient and the availability of numerous opportunities to receive corrective feedback and follow-up exposure seems to be a crucial factor in deciding the efficacy of feedback.
Video Listening Tests: A Pilot Study
Creators: name: Wagner, Elvis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Listening comprehension tests
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers--Audio-visual aids
Second language acquisition--Research
Education
English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers

description: Listening has long been the neglected skill in second language acquisition research, teaching, and assessment. However, in recent years there has been an increased focus on L2 listening ability because of its perceived importance in language acquisition. The present study explored the listening process when the aural input was delivered through the use of video. Video texts were used because video allows listeners to perceive and process nonverbal information. A model of L2 listening ability was hypothesized and operationalized, and an assessment instrument was created. This video listening test was administered to 85 ESL students. The data from this test were then analyzed using reliability analyses and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The results seem to provide some evidence for the validation of a two-factor model of listening based on the ability to comprehend explicitly stated information, and the ability to comprehend implicit information in aural texts.
Neuronal Growth as Diffusion in an Effective Potential
Creators: name: Rizzo, Daniel J.
name: White, James D.
name: Spedden, Elise
name: Wiens, Matthew R.
name: Kaplan, David L.
name: Atherton, Timothy J.
name: Staii, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current understanding of neuronal growth is mostly qualitative, as the staggering number of physical and chemical guidance cues involved prohibit a fully quantitative description of axonal dynamics. We report on a general approach that describes axonal growth in vitro, on poly-D-lysine coated glass substrates, as diffusion in an effective external potential, representing the collective contribution of all causal influences on the growth cone. We use this approach to obtain effective growth rules that reveal an emergent regulatory mechanism for axonal pathfinding on these substrates.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Some Applications of the Mirror Theorem for Toric Stacks
Creators: name: Coates, Tom
name: Corti, Alessio
name: Iritani, Hiroshi
name: Tseng, Hsian-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N35 (Primary) 14A20, 53D45, 83E30 (Secondary)

description: We use the mirror theorem for toric Deligne-Mumford stacks, proved recently by the authors and by Cheong-Ciocan-Fontanine-Kim, to compute genus-zero Gromov-Witten invariants of a number of toric orbifolds and gerbes. We prove a mirror theorem for a class of complete intersections in toric Deligne-Mumford stacks, and use this to compute genus-zero Gromov-Witten invariants of an orbifold hypersurface.
description: 23 pages. v2: main result strengthened, references updated
Quantum Optical State Comparison Amplifier
Creators: name: Eleftheriadou, Electra
name: Barnett, Stephen M.
name: Jeffers, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a fundamental principle of quantum theory that an unknown state cannot be copied or, as a consequence, an unknown optical signal cannot be amplified deterministically and perfectly. Here we describe a protocol that provides nondeterministic quantum optical amplification in the coherent state basis with high gain, high fidelity and which does not use quantum resources. The scheme is based on two mature quantum optical technologies, coherent state comparison and photon subtraction. The method compares favourably with all previous nondeterministic amplifiers in terms of fidelity and success probability.
description: 7 pages including Supplemental Material, 8 FIgures
Basic Facts about Low-Income Children, Children under 6 Years, 2014
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Ekono, Mercedes M.
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Poor children
Poor families
Poverty
Poverty--Measurement

description: Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Young children under age 6 years appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 47 percent living in low-income and 24 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of young children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
Does Foreign Entry Spur Innovation?
Creators: name: Gorodnichenko, Yuriy
name: Svejnar, Jan
name: Terrell, Katherine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Technological innovations
International trade
Business enterprises
Industrial efficiency
Investments, Foreign
Economics

description: Our estimates, based on large firm-level and industry-level data sets from eighteen countries, suggest that FDI and trade have strong positive spillover effects on product and technology innovation by domestic firms in emerging markets. The FDI effect is more pronounced for firms from advanced economies. Moreover, our results indicate that the spillover effects can be detected with micro data at the firm-level, but that using linkage variables computed from input-output tables at the industry level yields much weaker, and usually insignificant, estimated effects. These patterns are consistent with spillover effects being rather proximate and localized.
Schreiben des Verfassers des Anti-Kant an die Theilhaber der A. L. Zeitung von Jena über eine in selber erschienene, äußerst seichte, aber eben darum viel bedeutende Recension seines Anti-Kants; 1789
Creators: name: Stattler, Benedikt
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2011

description: "Anti-Kant" ist Pseud. für Benedikt Stattler
Ursus thibetanus G. Cuvier 1823
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Ursidae
Ursus
Ursus thibetanus

description: Ursus thibetanus G. Cuvier, 1823. Rech. Oss. Foss., 4: 325. TYPE LOCALITY: India, Assam, Sylhet. DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan; Pakistan; N. India; China; S.E. Primorsky Krai (U.S. S. R.); Korea; Japan; Indochina. COMMENT: Placed in genus Ursus, subgenus Selenarctos by Gromov and Baranova, 1981:249; and in subgenus Euarctos by Thenius, 1979:293. Stains, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 331; Corbet, 1978:165; and Hendey, 1980:98, considered it a distinct genus, Selenarctos. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as Selenarctos thibetanus. ISIS NUMBER: 5301412002004001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
description: {"references": ["Gromov, I. M., and G. I. Baranova (eds.). 1981. Katalog mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Catalog of mammals of the USSR]. Nauka, Leningrad, 456 pp. (in Russian).", "Thenius, E. 1979. Zur systematischen und phylogenetischen Stellung des Bambusbaren: Ailuropoda melanoleuca David (Carnivora, Mammalia). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 44 (5): 286 - 305.", "Stains, H. J. 1967. Carnivores, Pp. 325 - 354, in Orders and families of Recent mammals of the world (S. Anderson and J. K. Jones, Jr., eds.). John Wiley and Sons, New York, 453 pp."]}
Transcriptomic response of the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii to hospital biocides
Creators: name: Afrin, Nusrat
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310704
subject: Microbial genetics

description: Acinetobacter baumannii is a highly drug-resistant opportunistic pathogen, that the World Health Organisation has listed as a top priority against which new antibiotics are required. While antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii has been extensively studied, there are fewer studies investigating biocide resistance. It is extremely important to study biocide stress responses in bacteria, as there is mounting evidence of biocide-antibiotic cross-resistance among clinically relevant organisms. The work in this thesis describes the molecular response of A. baumannii AB5075-UW when exposed to four different hospital biocides: glutaraldehyde, ethanol, triclosan, and sodium hypochlorite. RNA-sequencing was used to elucidate the response of the organism to biocide stress. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the most highly expressed genes in all the biocide treatments was the iron acquisition gene cluster encoding acinetobactin biosynthesis. Other pathways that were significantly impacted were the TCA cycle and respiration pathways and several catabolic pathways that feed intermediates into these two energy-producing cycles. Additionally, the unique responses of each individual biocide included downregulation of the carO gene by glutaraldehyde, upregulation of adeABC efflux pump genes under ethanol stress, increased expression of fatty acid biosynthesis pathways induced by triclosan treatment, and upregulation of an organic hydroperoxide resistance gene by sodium hypochlorite.
Do Billionaires Help or Hurt the Economy?
Creators: name: Svejnar, Jan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Economic development
Wealth
Billionaires
Economics

description: The extraordinary rising number of the super-rich has reignited the debate about whether wealth inequality facilitates or hinders economic growth. The question is unresolved in part because theories relate to the distribution of wealth, while data relate to the distribution of income. Using a measure of wealth inequality based on Forbes magazine’s annual world-wide listing of billionaires for 1987-2007, Sutirtha Bagchi and I find that the effect of politically connected billionaire wealth on growth is strongly negative, whereas the effect of politically unconnected billionaire wealth is indistinguishable from zero.
Probing weak force induced parity violation by high resolution mid-infrared molecular spectroscopy
Creators: name: Tokunaga, Sean K.
name: Stoeffler, Clara
name: Auguste, Frédéric
name: Shelkovnikov, Alexander
name: Daussy, Christophe
name: Amy-Klein, Anne
name: Chardonnet, Christian
name: Darquié, Benoît
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To date no experiment has reached the level of sensitivity required to observe weak nuclear force induced parity violation (PV) energy differences in chiral molecules. In this paper, we present the approach, adopted at Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), to measure frequency differences in the vibrational spectrum of enantiomers. We review different spectroscopic methods developed at LPL leading to the highest resolutions, as well as 20 years of CO2 laser stabilization work enabling such precise measurements. After a first attempt to observe PV vibrational frequency shifts using sub-Doppler saturated absorption spectroscopy in a cell, we are currently aiming at an experiment based on Doppler-free two-photon Ramsey interferometry on a supersonic beam. We report on our latest progress towards observing PV with chiral organo-metallic complexes containing a heavy rhenium atom.
Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children Aged 6 through 11 Years, 2014
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Ekono, Mercedes M.
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Poor children
Poor families
Poverty
Poverty--Measurement

description: Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Similarly, among children age 6 through 11 years in middle childhood, 45 percent live in low-income families and 22 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socioeconomic, and employment characteristics of children in middle childhood and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
Copy of original Grant from Corporation of Preston
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abbatt, Robert
subject: Business enterprises
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/842519
subject: Dilworth, Mary, 1828-1901
subject: Abbatt, Jonathan, 1829-1905
subject: Business
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/842262
subject: Deeds
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/889460

description: Copy of an original Grant from the Corporation of Preston, Lancashire for Robert Abbatt and Thomas Kellet to establish Preston Waterworks along with indentures for Robert Abbatt. The Abbatt family was a Quaker family who lived in the towns and villages of Preston, Ribchester and Garstang in Lancashire, England.
Legal Corruption, Politically Connected Corporate Governance and Firm Performance
Creators: name: Domadenik, Polona
name: Prasnikar, Janez
name: Svejnar, Jan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Political corruption
Corporate governance
Industrial efficiency
Developing countries
Economics

description: In this paper we present and test a theory of how political corruption, found in many transition and emerging market economies, affects corporate governance and productive efficiency of firms. Our model predicts that underdeveloped democratic institutions that do not punish political corruption result in political connectedness of firms that in turn has a negative effect on performance. We test this prediction on an almost complete population of Slovenian joint stock companies with 100 or more employees. Using the supervisory board structure, together with balance sheet and income statement data for 2000-2010, we show that a higher share of politically connected supervisory board members leads to lower productivity.
Basic Facts about Low-income Children, Children Aged 12 through 17 Years, 2014
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Ekono, Mercedes M.
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Poor children
Teenagers
Poor families
Poverty
Poverty--Measurement

description: Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Among our oldest children, adolescents age 12 through 17 years, 40 percent live in low-income families and 19 percent live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of adolescents and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children in this age group from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
Basic Facts about Low-Income Children, Children under 18 Years, 2014
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Ekono, Mercedes M.
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Poor children
Poor families
Poverty
Poverty--Measurement

description: Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights the important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
When Does FDI Have Positive Spillovers? Evidence from 17 Transition Market Economies
Creators: name: Gorodnichenko, Yuriy
name: Svejnar, Jan
name: Terrell, Katherine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Business enterprises
Developing countries
Industrial efficiency
Investments, Foreign
Economics

description: We use rich firm-level data and national input-output tables from 17 countries over the 2002-2005 period to test new and existing hypotheses about the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the efficiency of domestic firms in the host country (i.e., spillovers). We document that backward linkages have a consistently positive effect on productivity of domestic firms while horizontal and forward linkages show no consistent effect. We also examine how the strength of spillovers varies by sector, FDI source, business environment (corruption, red tape, level of development), firm’s distance to the technological frontier, education of workers, and other firm- and country-specific characteristics.
Three irradiated and bloated hot Jupiters: WASP-76b, WASP-82b & WASP-90b
Creators: name: West, R. G.
name: Almenara, J. -M.
name: Anderson, D. R.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Brown, D. J. A.
name: Cameron, A. Collier
name: Deleuil, M.
name: Delrez, L.
name: Doyle, A. P.
name: Faedi, F.
name: Fumel, A.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Hebrard, G.
name: Hellier, C.
name: Jehin, E.
name: Lendl, M.
name: Maxted, P. F. L.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Pollacco, D.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Segransan, D.
name: Smalley, B.
name: Smith, A. M. S.
name: Triaud, A. H. M. J.
name: Udry, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report three new transiting hot-Jupiter planets discovered from the WASP surveys combined with radial velocities from OHP/SOPHIE and Euler/CORALIE and photometry from Euler and TRAPPIST. All three planets are inflated, with radii 1.7-1.8 Rjup. All orbit hot stars, F5-F7, and all three stars have evolved, post-MS radii (1.7-2.2 Rsun). Thus the three planets, with orbits of 1.8-3.9 d, are among the most irradiated planets known. This reinforces the correlation between inflated planets and stellar irradiation.
Export Destinations and Input Prices
Creators: name: Bastos, Paulo
name: Silva, Joana
name: Verhoogen, Eric A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Business enterprises
Quality of products
Prices
Exports
Economics

description: This paper examines the extent to which the destination of exports matters for the input prices paid by firms, using detailed customs and firm-product-level data from Portugal. We use exchange-rate movements as a source of variation in export destinations and find that exporting to richer countries leads firms to charge more for outputs and pay higher prices for inputs, other things equal. The results are supportive of the hypothesis that an exogenous increase in average destination income leads firms to raise the average quality of goods they produce and to purchase higher-quality inputs.
Basic Facts about Low-Income Children, Children Under 3 Years, 2014
Creators: name: Jiang, Yang
name: Ekono, Mercedes M.
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Poor children
Poor families
Poverty
Poverty--Measurement

description: Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 32 percent of all people in poverty. Many more children live in families with incomes just above the poverty threshold. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (21 percent) live in poor families. Our very youngest children—infants and toddlers under age 3 years—appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 47 percent living in low-income families, including 24 percent living in poor families. Being a child in a low-income or poor family does not happen by chance. Parental education and employment, race/ethnicity, and other factors are associated with children’s experience of economic insecurity. This fact sheet describes the demographic, socio-economic, and geographic characteristics of children and their parents. It highlights important factors that appear to distinguish low-income and poor children from their less disadvantaged counterparts.
On New York’s Assessment Policy: A Perspective from the Field
Creators: name: Dwyer, Margaret
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Educational tests and measurements--Law and legislation
Education and state--Evaluation
Education
Education and state
School management and organization

description: Starting in the early 1990’s, New York State began to establish learning standards that defined what students at various grade levels should know and be able to do in most curricular areas and a series of state assessments designed to measure student progress towards the performances demanded by the standards. Experience with these assessments has provided for practitioners (that is, teachers, administrators, and other professional-level public school workers) the basis and motivation for a critical field perspective on state assessment policy. By a critical field perspective, I mean a perspective taken by practitioners (as opposed to specialists in testing) that is grounded in analysis that is committed as much to equity as it is to excellence in public education. The purpose of this article is to outline such a position on the state assessments. I begin by describing the assessments as they are commonly experienced by practitioners, identifying the political context in which our state assessment policy has developed, and questioning the fundamental nature of the policy itself. I then suggest actions for practitioners to take to challenge problematic aspects of the state policy and to promote policy that enhances both equity and excellence.
Evolution of the Relativistic Plasmoid-Chain in the Poynting-Dominated Plasma
Creators: name: Takamoto, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the evolution of the plasmoid-chain in a Poynting-dominated plasma. We model the relativistic current sheet with cold background plasma using the relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamic approximation, and solve its temporal evolution numerically. We perform various calculations using different magnetization parameters of the background plasma and different Lundquist numbers. Numerical results show that the initially induced plasmoid triggers a secondary tearing instability, which gradually fills the current sheet with plasmoids, as has also been observed in the non-relativistic case. We find the plasmoid-chain greatly enhances the reconnection rate, which becomes independent of the Lundquist number, when this exceeds a critical value. In addition, we show the distribution of plasmoid size becomes a power law. Since magnetic reconnection is expected to play an important role in various high energy astrophysical phenomena, our results can be used for explaining the physical mechanism of them.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Composed inclusions of $A_3$ and $A_4$ subfactors
Creators: name: Liu, Zhengwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L37

description: In this article, we classify all standard invariants that can arise from a composed inclusion of an $A_3$ with an $A_4$ subfactor. More precisely, if $\mathcal{N}\subset \mathcal{P}$ is the $A_3$ subfactor and $\mathcal{P}\subset\mathcal{M}$ is the $A_4$ subfactor, then only four standard invariants can arise from the composed inclusion $\mathcal{N}\subset\mathcal{M}$. This answers a question posed by Bisch and Haagerup in 1994. The techniques of this paper also show that there are exactly four standard invariants for the composed inclusion of two $A_4$ subfactors.
description: 49 pages, 33 figures
Supplemental Figure S1 from When parasites persist: tapeworms survive host extinction and reveal waves of dispersal across Beringia
Creators: name: Galbreath, Kurt E.
name: Toman, Heather M.
name: Chenhong Li
name: Hoberg, Eric P.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Bayesian phylogeny of Schizorchis based on concatenated rDNA and CYTB sequences.
Evolution of Random Wave Fields in the Water of Finite Depth
Creators: name: Dutykh, Denys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of random wave fields on the free surface is a complex process which is not completely understood nowadays. For the sake of simplicity in this study we will restrict our attention to the 2D physical problems only (i.e. 1D wave propagation). However, the full Euler equations are solved numerically in order to predict the wave field dynamics. We will consider the most studied deep water case along with several finite depths (from deep to shallow waters) to make a comparison. For each depth we will perform a series of Monte--Carlo runs of random initial conditions in order to deduce some statistical properties of an average sea state.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 28 references. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/
Report on advances in beam diagnostics for Free-Electron Lasers (FELs)
Creators: name: ARIES WP8 Members
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Section 6 of this Report covers the subject of Deliverable 8.4 (Advances in beam diagnostics for FELs). Sections 6.1 to 6.2 summarize the two International Workshops organised on this specific subject, and Section 6.3 presents some general conclusions on the status of this field and on possible future developments. In the Appendix, detailed descriptions of the three Workshops concerned are
 given.
 ARIES Work Package 8 aims for transfer of knowledge and standardisation of equipment across the European Research Infrastructures making use of beam instrumentation and diagnostics for particle accelerators. In total, 11 International Workshops were organized with 32 to 239 delegates (maximum for a remote workshop). Financial support for visits of scientists was covered in total for eight weeks.
description: {"references": ["ARIES Del8.4"]}
Issues in the Definition and Conceptualization of Politeness
Creators: name: Dimitrova-Galaczi, Evelina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Semantics
subject: Courtesy--Psychological aspects
subject: Politeness (Linguistics)
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: English language--Study and teaching--Foreign speakers
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This paper deals with the definition and conceptualization of politeness by focusing mainly on the Brown and Levinson (1987) framework of politeness. It addresses the interrelationship between politeness as a strategic device and as a form of social indexing, and overviews the notion of face as a universal underlying motivation behind politeness. The paper discusses the lack of a uniform definition of politeness due to the constant tension between its universality and language specificity, and argues that some of the theoretical debate could be resolved if the distinction between politeness as a commonsense notion and politeness as a theoretical construct were clearly addressed and acknowledged in the research.
Magnetic phase transitions and superconductivity in strained FeTe
Creators: name: Ciechan, A.
name: Winiarski, M. J.
name: Samsel-Czekała, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of hydrostatic pressure and ab-plane strain on the magnetic structure of FeTe is investigated from first principles. The results of calculations reveal a phase transition from antiferromagnetic double-stripe ordering at ambient pressure to ferromagnetic ordering at 2 GPa, or under compressive strain reducing the lattice parameter a by about 3%. In turn, a tensile strain of less than 2% induces the phase transition to antiferromagnetic single-stripe ordering. It corresponds to the superconducting FeTe thin films, thereby confirming that the superconducting state is positively linked to single-stripe antiferromagnetic fluctuations. Both types of transition indicate that the position of Te atoms in the crystal is crucial for the magnetic and superconducting properties of iron chalcogenides.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Incentive Pay and Performance: Insider Econometrics in a Multi-Unit Firm
Creators: name: Bogaard, Hein
name: Svejnar, Jan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Banks and banking
Incentive awards
Personnel management
Economics
Finance

description: We exploit organizational reforms in a foreign-owned bank in Central-East Europe to study the implementation of modern HRM policies in an emerging market context. We have branch-level data and use our knowledge of the process that led to the adoption of the reforms to implement two estimators that address endogeneity bias in a complementary fashion: an IV approach and Generalized Propensity Score estimation. Our results show that some of the reforms had a positive impact on productivity, but they also underscore the risks of quantity-based incentives where quality is important.
Charles I: Unhero of Royalist Poetry
Creators: name: Hoglen, Nerissa Emmy Graetz
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2013
Subjects: Charles I
poetry
Royalist
Renaissance
Computation and Neural Systems
epic

description: During the English Civil War, Charles I appeared as a character in Royalist poetry, both directly and allegorically.  These depictions drew on ancient Roman epic poems, particularly Lucan’s De Bello Civili, in their treatment of the subject matter of civil war and Charles as an epic hero.  Though the authors of these poems supported Charles, their depictions of him and his reign reveal anxiety about his weakness as a ruler.  In comparison to the cults of personality surrounding his predecessors and the heroes of De Bello Civili, his cult appears bland and forced.  The lack of enthusiasm surrounding Charles I may help to explain his downfall at the hands of his Parliamentarian opponents.
Enlisting Employees in Improving Payroll-Tax Compliance: Evidence from Mexico
Creators: name: Kumler, Todd Johnson
name: Verhoogen, Eric A.
name: Frias, Judith
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Tax evasion
Business enterprises
Payroll tax
Economics

description: Non-compliance of firms with tax regulations is a major constraint on state capacity in developing countries. We focus on an arguably under-appreciated dimension of non-compliance: under-reporting of wages by formal firms to evade payroll taxes. We develop a simple partial-equilibrium model of endogenous compliance by heterogeneous firms to guide the empirical investigation. We then compare two independent sources of individual-level wage information from Mexico--firms' wage reports to the Mexican social security agency and workers' responses to a household labor-force survey--to investigate the extent of wage under-reporting and how it responded to an important change in the social security system. We document that under-reporting by formal firms is extensive, and that compliance is better in larger firms. Using a difference-in-differences strategy based on the 1997 Mexican pension reform, which effectively tied pension benefits more closely to reported wages for younger workers than for older workers, we show that the reform led to a relative decline in under-reporting for younger workers. Within metro area/sector/firm size cells, the decline in under-reporting was greater in cells initially employing a younger workforce on average. The empirical patterns are consistent with our theoretical model and suggest that giving employees incentives and information to improve the accuracy of employer reports can be an effective way to improve payroll-tax compliance.
Letter from Jonathan Abbatt to Mary Dilworth (later Abbatt), May 30, 1853
Creators: name: Abbatt, Jonathan, 1829-1905
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quakers
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1084913
subject: Courtship
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/881873
subject: Faith
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1198492
subject: Families
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1728849
subject: Man-woman relationships
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1007080
subject: Quakers--Family relationships
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1084922
subject: Marriage
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1010443
subject: Interpersonal relations
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/977397
subject: Man-woman relationships--Religious aspects
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1007090

description: This letter is part of a series of courtship correspondence between Jonathan Abbatt and Mary Dilworth (later Abbatt). The Abbatt family was a Quaker family who lived in the towns and villages of Preston, Ribchester, and Garstang in Lancashire, England. The letters chronicle the courtship, discussions of faith, local events, shared sentiments, etc. Mary sometimes addressed as Polly in the letters. Please note that the months on the letters’ dates were added as numerical values rather than the month's name (e.g. 2 Mo = February). Jonathan talks about traveling to see her, and asks her when the best day and time would be. He visited his brother in Bolton, and says that his sister Jane would like to have another visit with her. He informs her that his mother has arrived from London and is feeling much better.
Supplemental Methods from When parasites persist: tapeworms survive host extinction and reveal waves of dispersal across Beringia
Creators: name: Galbreath, Kurt E.
name: Toman, Heather M.
name: Chenhong Li
name: Hoberg, Eric P.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Details regarding methods of genomic data collection from Schizorchis specimens and phylogenetic analyses.
Search for supersymmetric baryons near production threshold in terms of the superflavor symmetry
Creators: name: Jia, Lian-Bao
name: Guo, Xing-Dao
name: Jin, Hong-Ying
name: Li, Xue-Qian
name: Zhao, Ming-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supersymmetry (SUSY) may be one of the most favorable extensions of the standard model (SM), however, so far at LHC no evidence of the SUSY particles were observed. An obvious question is whether they have already emerged, but escaped from our detection, or do not exist at all. We propose that the future ILC may provide sufficient energy to produce SUSY particles if they are not too heavy in the low background environment. The superflavor symmetry associates baryons with mesons as long as both of them containing a heavy constituent and a light one. In this work, we estimate the production rate of SUSY baryons near their production threshold in terms of the $B\bar B$ production data. Our analysis indicates that if the SUSY baryons with masses below $\sqrt s/2$ ($\sqrt s$ is the ILC energy) exist, they could be observed at future ILC.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, radical changes made, in cluding the numerical result and discussions