An optical platform of material engineering for design of camouflage product against multidimensional combat backgrounds from 400 nm to 2500 nm
Creators: name: Hossain, Anowar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Camouflage textiles

description: Military textiles encompasses reflection, spectral and chromatic matching in UV (ultraviolet), Vis (visible) and NIR (near infrared) spectrums for concealment of target signature against modern surveillance devices. Reflection of materials have been simulated for camouflage applications against multidimensional combat backgrounds (CBs) from 400 nm to 2500 nm under the techniques of ‘Monte Carlo cross validation’. The four-dimensional techniques of zero reflection (ZR), low reflection (LR), high reflection (HR) and HR-LR (HLR) materials are applied for materials simulation versus camouflage product design. Optical principle of camouflage textiles also coalesces for synthetic dyes, mixing principle of synthetic dyes and LR materials, mixing principle of synthetic dyes and HR materials, synthetic dye-metal formulation, synthetic dye-pigment formulation. This optical concept of material engineering summarizes the reflection profile of synthetic dyes, natural sand-based silicon dioxide/ natural stone-based silicon dioxide (NSSD), natural plant based natural dyes (NPND), pigment, nano materials, metallic and non-metallic particles against combat materials of dry leaves, green leaves, tree bark-woodland CB; water-marine CB; sand-desertland CB; stone-stoneland CB; snow-snowland CB; sky CB and ice-iceland CB (DGTWSIB). The reflections of aluminium (Al), titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), calcium oxide (CaO), tin metal (Sn), tin oxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) and iron (Fe) powder are irradiated as HR materials. Oppositely boron carbide (B4C), magnesium (Mg) powder, carbon black (C) nano particle and titanium carbide (TiC) are illuminated as LR materials. Consequently, the mixing principle of HR and LR materials are also classified as HLR materials. Spectral properties of NPND and NSSD materials are also depicted as ZR materials against selected CBs of woodland, desertland and stoneland. Spectral signal of ZR, LR, HR and HLR materials are identified and compared as expedient camouflage materials for concealment of target signature than six selected synthetic dyes such as Isolan Black 2S LDN, Isolan Orange, Telon Blue A 2R, Telon Red A 2R, Telon Violet 3R and Telon Yellow A 2R. Nine CB materials have been compared with ZR, LR, HR, HLR materials to develop adaptive camouflage textiles for universal matching against DGTWSIB. Hence, this research outcome aims to simulate, formulate, investigate and design of materials for coated/dyed/printed camouflage textiles, develop camouflage measurement techniques for concealment, detection, recognition and identification of target signature against DGTWSIB under Vis-NIR spectrums. Spectral matching model is relevant for broader area of camouflage engineering related to weapon and vehicle design for defence protection. This method clarifies the development of camouflage textiles against modern remote sensing threat of advance surveillance technologies. Reflection profile of combat dyes and DGTWSIB materials have also versatile optical applications in materials engineering in addition to camouflage textile formulation of dyeing-coating-printing.