cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Time Preference and Health: The Problem of Obesity
Creators: name: Cavaliere, Alessia
name: De Marchi, Elisa
name: Banterle, Alessandro
name: Cavaliere, Alessia
name: De Marchi, Elisa
name: Banterle, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: time preference
subject: BMI
subject: consumer
subject: Ordinal Regression Model.

description: Consumer inability to make healthy food choices and to maintain a balanced diet is one of the main determinants that can explain the growth of overweight and obesity. Many studies have focused on the different factors affecting food behaviour, but only few of these have considered the role of time preference. The term time preference refers to the rate at which a person is willing to trade a current utility with a delayed utility. Generally, a high time preference is associated with a low will to renounce to the present gratification in order to obtain a benefit in the future. On the contrary, consumers with low time preference are more willing to undertake short-term costs to get future improvements. Indeed, people who highly discount the future are expected to suffer overweight and obesity more than others. In this paper we aim at investigating if consumer time preference could be related to overweight or obesity problems, also considering other factors which are predicted to affect BMI. In order to carry out an empirical analysis we conducted a consumer survey using face to face interviews. The sample was composed by 240 consumers living in North Italy. A specific questionnaire was designed and for the empirical estimation was used an Ordinal Regression Model, where the dependent variable is expressed in terms of consumer BMI. The results revealed that the searching frequency for nutrition claims is negatively correlated with BMI. This suggests that this kind of information is not very effective in catching overweight and obese consumer attention. Moreover, the results show that time preference is negatively related to BMI, meaning that to give more importance to taste than to healthy aspects of foods may lead consumers to increase their probability to put on weight.
EU School Fruit Scheme: Strengthening Local Businesses
Creators: name: Höllmer, Jan-Paul
name: Hartmann, Monika
name: Höllmer, Jan-Paul
name: Hartmann, Monika
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Alternative foot networks
subject: Local production
subject: Rural development
subject: SME
subject: Farm-to-school
subject: Regional food procurement

description: consumption of F&V among European school children. In addition, another objective of the program is to stabilize the fruit and vegetable market in the EU. The program varies between EU countries and with respect to some countries, e.g. Germany, even between the different federal states involved. This paper will concentrate on the specific situation in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany. Our research therefore aims to map and analyze the situation of companies involved in the SFS in NRW, to reveal the social and economic driving forces for those companies to get engaged in the SFS, identify the networks that have developed as well as the factors that lead to success for those companies. For this purpose quantitative data of commodity flows of delivered goods and the logistics are combined with case studies gained from qualitative Interviews. The results show, that companies involved in the school fruit scheme range from small farms and one man retail businesses to large multinational retail companies. According to our findings especially small and medium sized enterprises (SME) benefit from the SFS in NRW. In urban areas some firms have developed relationships with more than 30 schools leading to high turnover for these companies from their engagement in the SFS. Generally supply relationships vary in economical characteristics (variety, product value, origin) as well as in social attributes (motivation, social embedding).
Effects of photosymbiosis and related processes on planktic foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes in South Atlantic sediments
Creators: name: Auderset, Alexandra
name: Smart, Sandi M.
name: Ryu, Yeongjun
name: Marconi, Dario
name: Ren, Haojia Abby
name: Heins, Lena
name: Vonhof, Hubert
name: Schiebel, Ralf
name: Repschläger, Janne
name: Sigman, Daniel M.
name: Haug, Gerald H.
name: Martinez-Garcia, Alfredo
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Foraminifera often form symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic algae, providing a host environment and inorganic nutrients in exchange for photosynthetic organic matter from the algal symbiont. To date, the history of this relationship has been studied in paleoceanographic records with the oxygen and carbon stable isotopes of foraminiferal calcite. More recently, photosymbiotic activity has been observed to impact the nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) of foraminiferal tissue and the organic matter incorporated into foraminiferal tests. Dinoflagellate symbiont-bearing species appear to be lower in δ15N than symbiont-barren species and more similar to their feeding sources, likely due to their retention of low-δ15N metabolic ammonium and thus a weaker amplitude for the “trophic enrichment factor,” the δ15N increase per trophic level that is widely observed in food webs. We report new glacial/interglacial foraminifera-bound δ15N (FB-δ15N) data from Deep Sea Drilling Program Site 516, located in the subtropical South Atlantic gyre, which contains multiple foraminifera species at adequately high abundance for inter-species comparison of foraminiferal nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotopes over a full glacial cycle. Our data show a conserved δ15N difference of 3–5 ‰ between dinoflagellate-bearing species and the other species, qualitatively consistent with, but greater in amplitude than, the δ15N difference observed in previous modern ocean and core-top studies. We propose that this greater amplitude is the result of lateral transport of symbiont-barren species into the South Atlantic subtropical gyre, which appears to represent a small region of low thermocline nitrate δ15N surrounded by regions with higher thermocline nitrate δ15N. The data point to FB-δ15N as the best available proxy for dinoflagellate symbiosis. However, they also suggest caution in regions with strong gradients, where species from contrasting environments occur in a single sediment sample.
description: EGUsphere
Labyrinthia Maletz & Bruton 2007
Creators: name: Noble, Paula
name: Aitchison, Jonathan C.
name: Danelian, Taniel
name: Dumitrica, Paulian
name: Maletz, Jörg
name: Suzuki, Noritoshi
name: Cuvelier, Jessie
name: Caridroit, Martial
name: O'Dogherty, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Radiozoa
Polycystina
Spumellaria
Haplotaeniatumidae
Labyrinthia

description: Labyrinthia Maletz & Bruton, 2007
 Labyrinthia Maletz & Bruton, 2007: 281.
 TYPE SPECIES. — Labyrinthia inexpectata Maletz & Bruton, 2007 (Maletz & Bruton 2007: 281, fig. 27A-O).
 AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Isograptus lunatus graptolite zone, Chewtonian-Castlemainian (Lower Ordovician), Valhallfonna Formation, Spitsbergen.
TAXON CODE. — 236.
 STATUS. — Junior synonym of Beothuka Won & Iams, 2011. Won & Iams (2011).
DIAGNOSIS. — “Labyrinthine spherical radiolarian with an indistinct microsphere and a variable number of external spines; labyrinthine mesh made of thin, anastomosing bandages.”(Maletz & Bruton 2007: 281).
description: Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on page 476, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585
Killing-Yano symmetry for a class of spacetimes admitting parallel null 1-planes
Creators: name: Baleanu, D.
name: Baskal, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A possible generalization of plane fronted waves with parallel rays (gpp-wave) fall into a more general class of metrics admitting parallel null 1-planes. For gpp-wave metric, the zero-curvature condition is given, the Killing-Yano tensors of order two and three are found and the corresponding Killing tensors are constructed. Henceforth, the compatibility between geometric duality and non-generic symmetries is presented.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX, to be published in Il Nuovo Cimento B
Price Versus Non-price Incentives for Participation in Quality Labeling: The Case of the German Fruit Juice Industry
Creators: name: Herrmann, Roland
name: Bleich, Simon
name: Herrmann, Roland
name: Bleich, Simon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Labeling
subject: price premium
subject: market entry
subject: fruit juice market
subject: DLG award

description: Quality assurance and labeling play an important and increasing role in firms’ marketing strategies. In almost all cases, a price incentive has been stressed as the major incentive for firms to participate in such schemes. We argue here that important non-price incentives for participation in quality labeling may exist, too. In German retailing, it can be observed that discount retailers are listing more and more foods with quality labels. Processors may then participate in voluntary quality labeling in order to enter the large and growing market of discount retailers. The price-premium versus the market-entry hypothesis are analyzed theo-retically. We investigate then in an empirical hedonic pricing model for the German fruit juice market and for participation in the quality label of the Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft (DLG) which of the two hypotheses is consistent with the data. There is strong support for the market-entry hypothesis.
New higher derivative action for tensor multiplet in N=2 conformal supergravity in four dimensions
Creators: name: Hegde, Subramanya
name: Sahoo, Bindusar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We will use the covariant superform approach to develop a new density formula for $\mathcal{N}=2$ conformal supergravity which is based on a fermionic multiplet whose lowest component is a dimension-5/2 spinor. We will show that this density formula admits an embedding of the real scalar multiplet of [arXiv:1712.02309]. Upon using the embedding of the tensor multiplet into the real scalar multiplet, we will construct a new higher derivative action of the tensor multiplet in $\mathcal{N}=2$ conformal supergravity.
description: 31 pages, References updated. Minor typos corrected
“Institutional Change in Germany’s Farmers Associations: Impacts of the Dairy Conflict”
Creators: name: Alpmann, Jan
name: Bitsch, Vera
name: Alpmann, Jan
name: Bitsch, Vera
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Dairy conflict
subject: Farmer Association
subject: grounded theory
subject: institutional change
subject: milk delivery strike

description: The paper deals with the conflict between the German Farmers’ Association (DBV) and the Federal Dairy Farmers Association (BDM) based on the two milk delivery strikes as culmination points in the so called dairy conflict. The analysis focusses on the main causes of the conflict and the different stages of escalation in the dairy industry. The objectives are to outline the process of change in Germany’s farmers associations, and the opportunities and risks regarding a long-term institutional differentiation. The main data collection methods are in-depth interviews and qualitative document analysis.
Warm mean annual air temperatures during Miocene to Pleistocene central Arabian humid periods
Creators: name: Schroeder, Julian
name: Markowska, Monika
name: Vonhof, Hubert
name: Scholz, Denis
name: Weber, Michael
name: Boivin, Nicole
name: Groucutt, Huw S.
name: Petraglia, Michael D.
name: Martinez-Garcia, Alfredo
name: Krüger, Yves
name: Meckler, Anna Nele
name: Fiebig, Jens
name: Nicholson, Samuel L.
name: Haug, Gerald
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: The hydroclimate change in the hot and arid Arabian Desert under anthropogenic global warming is a subject of ongoing discussions. Climate models project rising mean annual temperatures coupled with decreasing precipitation averaged over Saudi Arabia with regional variance (Almazroui, 2020). Stable isotope analysis on a combined speleothem record from central Arabia revealed recurring local humid periods during globally warmer intervals over the past ~8 million years (Markowska et al., in review). The speleothem record showed a long-term drying trend towards present, which may potentially be controlled by temperature change. The present study aims to reconstruct mean annual air temperatures (MAATs) of central Arabia during humid periods. These temperatures provide valuable benchmark data for past and future climate models in a region where terrestrial climate archives are scarce. Recent advances in speleothem-based paleothermometry facilitate extracting robust MAATs. We present data from several independent paleothermometers: Fluid inclusion isotopes (de Graaf et al., 2020), TEX86 (Meckler et al., 2021; Wassenburg et al., 2021), fluid inclusion microthermometry (Krüger et al., 2011), and dual clumped isotopes (Bajnai et al., 2020). These reconstructions show that recurrent wet intervals during the Miocene to Pleistocene in the Arabian Peninsula occurred at warmer than modern MAATs. We note, however, that temperature is not the only driver of humidity in the Arabian Peninsula and that both dry and humid periods likely existed under a warmer than today’s climate. Therefore, these observations cannot directly be interpreted as indicator that anthropogenic global warming will lead to future wet conditions in Saudi Arabia. Overall, we provide novel quantitative paleoclimate parameters that can inform climate model experiments leading to improved predictions for future climate scenarios.
description: EGUsphere
Opportunities for Local for Local Food Production: A case in the Dutch Fruit and Vegetables
Creators: name: Visser, Jurriaan
name: Trienekens, Jacques
name: Van Beek, Paul
name: Visser, Jurriaan
name: Trienekens, Jacques
name: Van Beek, Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Food supply chain
subject: local production
subject: consumer preferences
subject: producer requirements
subject: retail requirements
subject: chain coordination.

description: This paper investigates the opportunities for farmers to produce for local consumers, based on a case study in the Dutch horticulture sector. Main requirements for the set-up of a local chain of supply chain actors are investigated. Producer requirements are added value, availability of time, infrastructure and training. Retailer requirements are quality of food, purchasing volumes, food safety, communication to consumers and traceability of products. For consumers taste/freshness, sustainability, health benefits and authenticity are important attributes of local foods. Based on literature review and interviews with stakeholders four possible strategies for local food chains are defined. The ‘keep it local’ strategy means that the local food supply chains will not make use of the current infrastructure of the marketing coop that acts as chain coordinator. Deliveries are directly between farmer and retail outlet. The local products - conventional supply chain strategy implies that current (non-local) supply chains are used to distribute local products. The supply chain planning will be more complex since products need to be separated per grower and distributed to several local supermarkets. In the ‘enabling producers’ strategy the marketing coop/chain coordinator is going to enable its member producers to sell their products locally. The marketing coop can support producers in for instance, billing and payments, marketing, logistics. The fourth strategy aims at strengthening current consumer communication strategies. It is argued that connecting producers and consumers, regardless of where they live is advantageous. Conclusion is that strategy 3; ‘Enabling producers’, in combination with strategy 4; ‘Strengthening current consumer communication strategies’ are the most promising options in setting up local food supply chains. Strategies 1 and 2, where the marketing coop/chain coordinator itself takes on the challenge of setting up local food supply chains meets too much resistance from the retail companies (head-office level) and offers too little opportunities for providing added value to both producers and retailers.
Symmetries of supergravity backgrounds and supersymmetric field theory
Creators: name: Kuzenko, Sergei M.
name: Raptakis, Emmanouil S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In four spacetime dimensions, all ${\cal N} =1$ supergravity-matter systems can be formulated in the so-called $\mathsf{U}(1)$ superspace proposed by Howe in 1981. This paper is devoted to the study of those geometric structures which characterise a background $\mathsf{U}(1)$ superspace and are important in the context of supersymmetric field theory in curved space. We introduce (conformal) Killing tensor superfields $\ell_{(α_1 \dots α_m) ({\dot α}_1 \dots {\dot α}_n)}$, with $m$ and $n$ non-negative integers, $m+n>0$, and elaborate on their significance in the following cases: (i) $m=n=1$; (ii) $m-1=n=0$; and (iii) $m=n>1$. The (conformal) Killing vector superfields $\ell_{α\dot α}$ generate the (conformal) isometries of curved superspace, which are symmetries of every (conformal) supersymmetric field theory. The (conformal) Killing spinor superfields $\ell_{α}$ generate extended (conformal) supersymmetry transformations. The (conformal) Killing tensor superfields with $m=n>1$ prove to generate all higher symmetries of the (massless) massive Wess-Zumino operator.
description: 58 pages; V2: typos corrected, references added
Decoherence of electron beams by electromagnetic field fluctuations
Creators: name: Levinson, Yehoshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic field fluctuations are responsible for the destruction of electron coherence (dephasing) in solids and in vacuum electron beam interference. The vacuum fluctuations are modified by conductors and dielectrics, as in the Casimir effect, and hence, bodies in the vicinity of the beams can influence the beam coherence. We calculate the quenching of interference of two beams moving in vacuum parallel to a thick plate with permittivity $ε(ω)=ε_{0}+i 4πσ/ω$. In case of an ideal conductor or dielectric $(|ε|=\infty)$ the dephasing is suppressed when the beams are close to the surface of the plate, because the random tangential electric field $E_{t}$, responsible for dephasing, is zero at the surface. The situation is changed dramatically when $ε_{0}$ or $σ$ are finite. In this case there exists a layer near the surface, where the fluctuations of $E_{t}$ are strong due to evanescent near fields. The thickness of this near - field layer is of the order of the wavelength in the dielectric or the skin depth in the conductor, corresponding to a frequency which is the inverse electron time of flight from the emitter to the detector. When the beams are within this layer their dephasing is enhanced and for slow enough electrons can be even stronger than far from the surface.
title: The matrix of unitarity triangle angles for quarks
Creators: name: Harrison, PF
name: Dallison, S
name: Scott, W G
Publisher: name: STFC
Year: 2009

description: In the context of quark (as for lepton) mixing, we introduce the concept of the matrix of unitarity triangle angles ?, emphasising that it carries equivalent information to the complex mixing matrix V itself. The angle matrix ? has the added advantage, with respect to V, of being both basis- and phase-convention independent and consequently observable (indeed several ? -matrix entries, e.g., ?cs=??cs=?, ?us=??us=?, etc. are already long-studied as directly measurable/measured in B-physics experiments). We give complete translation formulae between the mixing-matrix and angle-matrix representations. We go on to consider briefly the present state of the experimental data on the full angle matrix and some of the prospects for the future, with reference to both the quark and lepton cases.
Spacetimes, electromagnetism and fluids (a revision of traditional concepts)
Creators: name: Mitskievich, Nikolai V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk r-form fields in spacetimes of any dimension D are considered (r
description: LaTeX, 33 pages, no figures, uses amssym; misprints corrected
Does Agritourism Enhance Farm Profitability?
Creators: name: Schilling, Brian J.
name: Attavanich, Witsanu
name: Jin, Yanhong
name: Schilling, Brian J.
name: Attavanich, Witsanu
name: Jin, Yanhong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: agritourism
subject: direct-to-consumer marketing
subject: farm profitability
subject: propensity score matching

description: The impacts of agritourism on farm profitability are poorly understood. Using Census of Agriculture records, we employ propensity score matching to estimate the effects of agritourism on the net cash income per acre of New Jersey farms. We find that agritourism has statistically significant and positive effects on farm profitability. Profit impacts are highest among small farms operated by individuals primarily engaged in farming. Positive but smaller effects are observed for lifestyle farms. Profit effects among larger farms are not statistically significant.
Kantollum Cheng 1986
Creators: name: Noble, Paula
name: Aitchison, Jonathan C.
name: Danelian, Taniel
name: Dumitrica, Paulian
name: Maletz, Jörg
name: Suzuki, Noritoshi
name: Cuvelier, Jessie
name: Caridroit, Martial
name: O'Dogherty, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Radiozoa
Polycystina
Nassellaria
Popofskyellidae
Kantollum

description: Kantollum Cheng, 1986
 Kantollum Cheng, 1986: 163.
 TYPE SPECIES. — Kantollum pittsburgense Cheng, 1986 (Cheng 1986: 164, pl. 2, fig. 4, 8, 22).
AGE AND LOCATION OF TYPE MATERIAL. — Famennian to lower Kinderhookian (Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous), Woodford Formation, Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma, USA.
TAXON CODE. — 230.
STATUS. — Valid.
DIAGNOSIS. — “Test as with subfamily, conical, strongly or weakly lobulate. Four or more lobes with strictures at joints. Single layer of irregularly arranged pore frames; microgranular layer usually covering the spherical to subspherical cephalis. Sturdy apical and/or subapical horns and spines confined to the cephalic wall.” (Cheng 1986: 142).
description: Published as part of Noble, Paula, Aitchison, Jonathan C., Danelian, Taniel, Dumitrica, Paulian, Maletz, Jörg, Suzuki, Noritoshi, Cuvelier, Jessie, Caridroit, Martial & O'Dogherty, Luis, 2017, Taxonomy of Paleozoic radiolarian genera, pp. 419-502 in Geodiversitas 39 (3) on pages 474-475, DOI: 10.5252/g2017n3a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5206585
The Value of USDA Crop Progress and Condition Information: Reactions of Corn and Soybean Futures Markets
Creators: name: Lehecka, Georg V.
name: Lehecka, Georg V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: condition
subject: corn
subject: futures markets
subject: market efficiency
subject: market reactions
subject: progress
subject: public information
subject: soybeans

description: This paper investigates the informational value of USDA crop progress and condition information by analyzing reactions of corn and soybean futures markets from 1986 to 2012. Results show significant differences between close-to-open return variabilities on report-release trading days and pre- and postreport days. Additionally, market prices tend to react rapidly and rationally to new crop-condition information. Strongest reactions are found for July and August, when weather conditions are most critical for the crop, and reactions have increased over time. Overall, these results suggest that reports have substantial informational value.
Application of Convolutional Neural Networks for Stellar Spectral Classification
Creators: name: Sharma, Kaushal
name: Kembhavi, Ajit
name: Kembhavi, Aniruddha
name: Sivarani, T.
name: Abraham, Sheelu
name: Vaghmare, Kaustubh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the ever-expanding volume of observed spectroscopic data from surveys such as SDSS and LAMOST, it has become important to apply artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for analysing stellar spectra to solve spectral classification and regression problems like the determination of stellar atmospheric parameters Teff, log g, [Fe/H]. We propose an automated approach for the classification of stellar spectra in the optical region using Convolutional Neural Networks. Traditional machine learning (ML) methods with "shallow" architecture (usually up to 2 hidden layers) have been trained for these purposes in the past. However, deep learning methods with a larger number of hidden layers allow the use of finer details in the spectrum which results in improved accuracy and better generalisation. Studying finer spectral signatures also enables us to determine accurate differential stellar parameters and find rare objects. We examine various machine and deep learning algorithms like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Random Forest (RF), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to classify stellar spectra using the Jacoby Atlas, ELODIE and MILES spectral libraries as training samples. We test the performance of the trained networks on the Indo-U.S. Library of Coude Feed Stellar Spectra (CFLIB). We show that using convolutional neural networks, we are able to lower the error up to 1.23 spectral sub-classes as compared to that of 2 sub-classes achieved in the past studies with ML approach. We further apply the trained model to classify stellar spectra retrieved from the SDSS database with SNR>20.
description: 21 pages, 19 figures. Submitted to MNRAS, under review
Exploring aerosol size distributions from polar to tropical zones of the Atlantic Ocean
Creators: name: Raj, Subha S.
name: Hrabe de Angelis, Isabella
name: Basic, Sanja
name: Aardema, Hedy M.
name: Slagter, Hans A.
name: Weber, Jens
name: Ll. Calleja, Maria
name: Krüger, Matteo
name: Andreae, Meinrat O.
name: Dragoneas, Antonis
name: Nillius, Björn
name: Walter, David
name: Berkemeier, Thomas
name: Haug, Gerald H.
name: Pöschl, Ulrich
name: Schiebel, Ralf
name: Pöhlker, Christopher
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Aerosols over the oceans significantly influence the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere and climate. Over the vast expanse of oceans, aerosols are emitted at high rates, primarily through wave breaking and bubble bursting. Additionally, secondary aerosol particles can be formed by gas-phase reactions. Particles emitted from shipping activities, long-range transport from continents, and potential downward transport from the upper troposphere can also contribute to aerosols in the marine boundary layer (MBL). Hence, marine aerosols represent a highly heterogeneous and complex mixture pivotal in regulating the global radiation budget.

This study explores aerosol number size distributions over the North Atlantic Ocean measured on the research vessel S/Y Eugen Seibold. The cruises conducted between June 2020 and September 2021 covered a broad geographic range from polar (~67° N) to tropical (~3° N) waters. Aerosols were sampled at approximately 13 m above the ocean surface using two sets of instrumentation covering particle sizes of 10 nm to 430 nm and 520 nm to 20 µm.

Three aerosol size modes, Aitken, accumulation, and coarse, were consistently identified throughout the dataset, aligning with prior research. Additionally, we observed an intermittently occurring nucleation mode and a bimodal coarse mode. While the presence of a nucleation mode suggests aerosol formation over the open ocean, it did not exhibit the typical banana-shaped contour plots usually observed during new particle formation and subsequent growth. Prior research indicates that ships may act as emitters in this size range, in addition to secondary formation from atmospheric gases.

Here, we describe and discuss particle number size distributions observed over the open ocean, raising questions about the formation and lifecycle of aerosol modes. Our goal is to track the behavior of nucleation, Aitken, accumulation and coarse modes in the MBL with high temporal resolution, spanning the latitudinal range of the northern Atlantic Ocean. A comprehensive dataset is prepared by incorporating surface ocean data retrieved on board and satellite observations to disentangle the natural and/or anthropogenic origins of aerosols responsible for the observed particle number size distributions in the MBL.
description: EGUsphere
Additional file 2 of Association between social health status and health-related quality of life among community-dwelling elderly in Zhejiang
Creators: name: Lu, Jieming
name: Yu, Zhebin
name: Zhang, Xiaocong
name: Wu, Mengyin
name: Lin, Shujuan
name: Zhu, Yao
name: Xu, Zenghao
name: You, Liuqing
name: Wei, Fang
name: Tang, Mengling
name: Jin, Mingjuan
name: Wang, Jianbing
name: Chen, Kun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: TableS1. The multiple linear regression results of PCS among the elderly. TableS2. The multiple linear regression results of MCS among the elderly. TableS3. The multiple linear regression results of SF-12 total score among the elderly.
Evaluating General Vision-Language Models for Clinical Medicine
Creators: name: Jiang, Yixing
name: Omiye, Jesutofunmi A.
name: Zakka, Cyril
name: Moor, Michael
name: Gui, Haiwen
name: Alipour, Shayan
name: Mousavi, Seyed Shahabeddin
name: Chen, Jonathan H.
name: Rajpurkar, Pranav
name: Daneshjou, Roxana
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Recently emerging large multimodal models (LMMs) utilize various types of data modalities, including text and visual inputs to generate outputs. The incorporation of LMMs into clinical medicine presents unique challenges, including accuracy, reliability, and clinical relevance. Here, we explore clinical applications of GPT-4V, an LMM that has been proposed for use in medicine, in gastroenterology, radiology, dermatology, and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) test questions. We used standardized robust datasets with thousands of endoscopy images, chest x-ray, and skin lesions to benchmark GPT-4V’s ability to predict diagnoses. To assess bias, we also explored GPT-4V’s ability to determine Fitzpatrick skin tones with dermatology images. We found that GPT-4V is limited in performance across all four domains, resulting in decreased performance compared to previously published baseline models. The macro-average precision, recall, and F1-score for gastroenterology were 11.2%, 9.1% and 6.8% respectively. For radiology, the best performing task of identifying cardiomegaly had precision, recall, and F1-score of 28%, 94%, and 43% respectively. In dermatology, GPT-4V had an overall top-1 and top-3 diagnostic accuracy of 6.2% and 21% respectively. There was a significant accuracy drop when predicting images of darker skin tones (p<0.001). GPT-4V accurately identified Fitzpatrick skin tones for 56.5% of images. For the multiple-choice-styled USMLE image-based test questions, GPT-4V had an accuracy of 59%. Our findings demonstrate that the current version of GPT-4V is limited in its diagnostic abilities across multiple image-based medical specialties. Future work should be done to explore LMM’s sensitivity to prompting as well as hybrid models that can combine LMM’s capabilities with other robust models.
description: medRxiv
Fluctuations in viscous fingering
Creators: name: Moore, Mitchell G.
name: Juel, Anne
name: Burgess, John M.
name: McCormick, W. D.
name: Swinney, Harry L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our experiments on viscous (Saffman-Taylor) fingering in Hele-Shaw channels reveal finger width fluctuations that were not observed in previous experiments, which had lower aspect ratios and higher capillary numbers Ca. These fluctuations intermittently narrow the finger from its expected width. The magnitude of these fluctuations is described by a power law, Ca^{-0.64}, which holds for all aspect ratios studied up to the onset of tip instabilities. Further, for large aspect ratios, the mean finger width exhibits a maximum as Ca is decreased instead of the predicted monotonic increase.
description: Revised introduction, smoothed transitions in paper body, and added a few additional minor results. (Figures unchanged.) 4 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to PRE Rapid
title: Testing the predictive coding account of temporal integration in the human visual system : a computational and behavioural study
Creators: name: Aitken, Fraser
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: A major goal of vision science is to understand how the visual system maintains behaviourally relevant perceptions given the level of uncertainty in the signals it receives. One proposed solution is that the visual system applies predictive coding to its inputs based on the integration of prior knowledge and current stimulus features. However, support for some vital aspects of predictive coding in the temporal domain is lacking and simpler accounts of temporal integration also exist. The aim of this thesis was to test two key attributes of predictive coding in time a) does the visual system apply adaptive weighting to prediction errors and b) can the visual system apply probabilistic information learnt from stimulus sequences when making predictions. In chapters 3 & 4, we tested predictive coding’s ideas of how prediction errors are weighted under the theoretical guidance of a temporal integration model linked to predictive processing, called the Kalman filter. Here, both experiments supported predictive coding. We showed that, consistent with the Kalman filter, visual estimates and the way estimation errors were corrected, adapted to stimulus behaviour and viewing conditions. In chapter 5, we assessed the ability of the visual system to integrate conditional relationships present in sequences of stimuli when making predictions. To do this, we inserted a stimulus sequence that changed and omitted trials based on Markov transition probabilities that made some transitions more or less probable and assessed reaction times and omission trial responses. Reaction time data was consistent with predictive coding, in that more predictable changes elicited faster responses. Omission trials data, was though, less clear. When faced with no stimulus, participants did not apply the conditional probabilities in their decisions optimally, instead applying non optimal decision strategies, inconsistent with predictive coding. In summary, this thesis supports the predictive coding of temporal integration but questions its application in all situations.
Black Tori Solutions in Einstein and 5D Gravity
Creators: name: Vacaru, Sergiu I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The 'anholonomic frame' method (see gr-qc/0005025, gr-qc/0001060 and hep-th/0110250) is applied for constructing new classes of exact solutions of vacuum Einstein equations with off-diagonal metrics in 4D and 5D gravity. We examine several black tori solutions generated by anholonomic transforms with non-trivial topology of the Schwarzshild metric, which have a static toroidal horizon. We define ansatz and parametrizations which contain warping factors, running constants (in time and extra dimension coordinates) and effective nonlinear gravitational polarizations. Such anisotropic vacuum toroidal metrics, the first example was given in gr-qc/0005025, differ substantially from the well known toroidal black holes (see hep-th/9511188 and gr-qc/9709013) which were constructed as non-vacuum solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell gravity with cosmological constant. Finally, we analyze two anisotropic 5D and 4D black tori solutions with cosmological constant.
description: revtex, 22 pages
Erfassung von Publikationskosten an der Universität Regensburg: der (lange) Weg zu einer zentralen Rechnungsbearbeitung
Creators: name: Deinzer, Gernot
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Open Access
Finanzierung
Informationsbudget
open-access.network

description: Präsentation für den Online-Workshop "Erste Schritte zum Informationsbudget: Publikationskosten erfassen und sichtbar machen" am 07.02.2024, veranstaltet vom BMBF-Projekt open-access.network
The influence of NLTE effects in Fe I lines on an inverted atmosphere I. 6301 A and 6302 A lines formed in 1D NLTE
Creators: name: Smitha, H. N.
name: Holzreuter, R.
name: van Noort, M.
name: Solanki, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultraviolet over-ionisation of iron atoms in the solar atmosphere leads to deviations in their level populations from the Saha-Boltzmann statistics. This causes their line profiles to form in Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (NLTE) conditions. While inverting such profiles to determine atmospheric parameters, the NLTE effects are often neglected and deviations from LTE are compensated for by tweaking other quantities. We investigate how the routinely employed LTE inversion of iron lines formed in NLTE under- or over-estimates atmospheric quantities such as temperature (T), line-of-sight velocity (v_LOS), magnetic field strength (B) and inclination (gamma) while the previous papers have focused mainly on T. We synthesize the Stokes profiles of Fe I 6301.5 A and 6302.5 A lines in both LTE and NLTE using a snapshot of a 3D MHD simulation. The profiles are then inverted in LTE. By considering the atmosphere inferred from inversion of LTE profiles to be the fiducial model, we compare atmosphere from the inversion of NLTE profiles with it. Any differences observed are attributed to NLTE effects. Neglecting the NLTE effects introduces errors in the inverted atmosphere. While the errors in T can go up to 13%, in v_LOS and B the errors can be as high as 50% or more. We find these errors to be present at all three inversion nodes. Importantly, they survive degradation from spatial averaging of the profiles. We give an overview of how the neglect of NLTE effects influences the values of T, v_LOS, B and gamma determined by inverting Fe I 6300 A line pair, as observed, e.g., by Hinode. Errors are found at the sites of granules, intergranular lanes, magnetic elements, basically in every region susceptible to NLTE effects. For an accurate determination of atmospheric quantities and their stratification, it is therefore important to take account of NLTE effects.
description: Includes language corrections
Measurement-based quantum computation with cluster states
Creators: name: Raussendorf, R.
name: Browne, D. E.
name: Briegel, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a detailed account of the one-way quantum computer, a scheme of quantum computation that consists entirely of one-qubit measurements on a particular class of entangled states, the cluster states. We prove its universality, describe why its underlying computational model is different from the network model of quantum computation and relate quantum algorithms to mathematical graphs. Further we investigate the scaling of required resources and give a number of examples for circuits of practical interest such as the circuit for quantum Fourier transformation and for the quantum adder. Finally, we describe computation with clusters of finite size.
description: 37 papges, 27 figures, V2: author lost and found again
Adoption and Frequency of Precision Soil Testing in Cotton Production
Creators: name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Harper, David C.
name: Larkin, Sherry L.
name: Larson, James A.
name: Mooney, Daniel F.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Velandia, Margarita
name: Reeves, Jeanne M.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Harper, David C.
name: Larkin, Sherry L.
name: Larson, James A.
name: Mooney, Daniel F.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Velandia, Margarita
name: Reeves, Jeanne M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: frequency
subject: Poisson-hurdle regression
subject: post-stratification survey weight estimation
subject: precision soil sampling

description: A 2009 survey of cotton farmers in twelve states collected information about the use of georeferenced precision soil testing (PST). Adoption of PST technology and the interval until retesting were examined with a Poisson hurdle regression. Survey data were calibrated using a post-stratification weighting protocol. Farming experience, farm size, land ownership, variable rate fertilizer management plans, and the use of soil electrical conductivity devices were correlated the with period until PST adopters retested soil. Understanding how producers perceive the useful life of soil-test information may be important for monitoring the effectiveness of best nutrient management practice adoption.
Generalized reduction criterion for separability of quantum states
Creators: name: Albeverio, S.
name: Chen, K.
name: Fei, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new necessary separability criterion that relates the structures of the total density matrix and its reductions is given. The method used is based on the realignment method [K. Chen and L.A. Wu, Quant. Inf. Comput. 3, 193 (2003)]. The new separability criterion naturally generalizes the reduction separability criterion introduced independently in previous work of [M. Horodecki and P. Horodecki, Phys. Rev. A 59, 4206 (1999)] and [N.J. Cerf, C. Adami and R.M. Gingrich, Phys. Rev. A 60, 898 (1999)]. In special cases, it recovers the previous reduction criterion and the recent generalized partial transposition criterion [K. Chen and L.A. Wu, Phys. Lett. A 306, 14 (2002)]. The criterion involves only simple matrix manipulations and can therefore be easily applied.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
Usage scenario report
Creators: name: Shoon, Rogier
name: Diethelm, Stefan
name: Crema, Luigi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The CH2P project aims to develop a combined hydrogen and power production system, using gas from the natural gas grid, for use at hydrogen stations. This report defines the use cases for such a system by looking at the demand profiles for hydrogen and power. Demand profiles include hydrogen refuelling as well as power consumption of the system itself and surrounding power consumers, for power export and grid balancing and charging of battery electric vehicles. It also gives the implications of this demand in the form of a set of operating points, which can be used for modelling and design of the system. The work further showed that the power integration of the CH2P system needs to consider the significant power peaks that occur in hydrogen and conventional stations.
On quantumness in multi-parameter quantum estimation
Creators: name: Carollo, Angelo
name: Spagnolo, Bernardo
name: Dubkov, Alexander A.
name: Valenti, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we derive a measure of quantumness in quantum multi-parameter estimation problems. We can show that the ratio between the mean Uhlmann Curvature and the Fisher Information provides a figure of merit which estimates the amount of incompatibility arising from the quantum nature of the underlying physical system. This ratio accounts for the discrepancy between the attainable precision in the simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters and the precision predicted by the Cramér-Rao bound. As a testbed for this concept, we consider a quantum many-body system in thermal equilibrium, and explore the quantum compatibility of the model across its phase diagram.
description: 21 pages, 2 Figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1911.10196