Nocarodeini
Creators: name: Ünal, Mustafa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Pamphagidae

description: Key to genera of Nocarodeini
1 Tympanum on the first abdominal tergite present, large well developed, always larger than the neighbour stigmal area (Figs. 344–346); if absent or very small (only in Paranocarodes karabagi) (Fig. 349) or as wide as the stigmal area (Paranocarodes chopardi) (Figs. 347–348) then abdominal tergites (at least the first tergite) sharply and distinctly protruded posteriorly (extending beyond the hind margin of its own tergite) (Figs. 354).............................................. 2
- Tympanum absent (Figs. 350–351); if present (in several species of Nocaracris, N. furvus s.l., N. judithae, N. minutus, N. burri, N. rimansonae, N. dilekensis) strongly reduced, smaller than the neighbour stigmal area (Fig. 352); if slightly wider than the stigmal area (N. furvus s.l., N. judithae, N. minutus) (Fig. 353) then the first abdominal tergite never protruded posteriorly (Fig. 355)........................................................................................... 7
2 Body strongly depressed dorso-ventrally (Figs. 517–521); vertex almost smooth, slightly rugose, without supraocellar and supraocular foveolae, with very weak carinae and carinulae (Fig. 356, 519, 521); apical valves of penis strongly compressed laterally, roundly widened and curved backwards (Fig. 64 a, b, d)......................... Neoparanothrotes Mirzayans
- Body compressed laterally (Figs. 509–516); vertex strongly rugose, with very distinct carinae and carinulae, supraocellar and supraocular foveolae distinct (Fig. 357); apical valves of penis not widened and not curved backwards (Figs. 61 a, b–63a, b, d).................................................................................................... 3
3 Vertex very narrow; narrower than the transversal diameter of eye (Figs. 358–359); visible part of apical valves of penis very
long, longer than visible part of basal valves of penis (Fig. 62 a, d), epiphallus with simple, linear pseudolophi consist of several spines in one row (Fig. 62 c)...................................................... Pseudonothrotes Mistshenko - Vertex clearly wider than the transversal diameter of eye or at most equal in male (Fig. 360); visible part of apical valves of penis always shorter than visible part of basal valves of penis (Figs. 58 a, d, 63a, d), epiphallus with oval or rounded pseudolophi consist of many spines (except Eunothrotes derjugini) (Figs. 55 c–61c)....................................... 4
4 Arolium very wide, longer than half of claws (Fig. 361); apical valves of penis large and stout, very wide in posterior view; not covered by the sheath of penis (Figs. 63 a, d); epiphallus with sublinear pseudolophi consist of less spines (Fig. 63 c)........................................................................................... Eunothrotes Adelung
- Arolium distinctly narrower and not longer than half of claws (Fig. 362); apical valves of penis smaller and slender, much narrower in posterior view; mostly covered by the sheath of penis (except several species of Paranothrotes) (Figs. 55 a, d, 56a, d, 58a, d), epiphallus with oval or rounded pseudolophi consist of many spines (Fig. 55 c–61c)......................... 5
5 Median carina of pronotum with distinct longitudinal sulcus mostly along its length (Fig. 363) or at least anterior part (except doubtful Paranothrotes asulcatus); arch of zygoma on male phallus distinctly raised and sclerotized, higher than posterior lobes of zygoma (Figs. 55 a, 58a, 59a); mostly but not always, median carinae of pronotum and abdominal tergites simple, not raised and without a sharp posterior projection (Figs. 495–496) (except Paranothrotes sulcatus, P. margaritae, P. siirt sp. nov.); fastigium of vertex mostly flat (Fig. 365); antennae long as in Paranocarodes (see item 6 below)...................................................................................................... Paranothrotes Mistshenko
- Median carina of pronotum without longitudinal sulcus (Fig. 364); if present an indistinct one, very thin as a line (in some specimens of Paranocarodes); arch of zygoma on male phallus not raised and not sclerotized, lower than posterior lobes of zygoma (Figs. 44 a–54a); mostly but not always, median carinae of pronotum and abdominal tergites raised, with a sharp posterior projection (Figs. 411–412) (except Ebnerodes toelgi, Paranocarodes beieri); fastigium of vertex depressed (Fig. 366); antennae short in Ebnerodes, long in Paranocarodes (see item 6 below)......................................... 6
6 Abdominal tergites simple, not raised and without sharp projection at posterior margin (Fig. 437–438); median carina of pronotum not raised almost indistinct, strongly granulate; head relatively large (Figs. 367–368); vertex sloping (Figs. 367–368); antennae very short not reaching to ventral margin of labrum in female (Fig. 368), at most slightly surpassing it in male; in normal body form, male abdomen (also female) long reaching to half of hind tibia when the legs stretched backwards (Figs. 437); hind tibia bright orange................................................................. Ebnerodes Ramme
- Abdominal tergites raised and with a sharp projection at posterior margin (Figs. 411–412); median carina of pronotum raised and very distinct; if granulate then hind tibia black or blackish red; head smaller (Figs. 369–370); vertex not sloping as in Ebnerodes (Figs. 369–370); antennae long surpassing far beyond ventral margin of labrum in both sexes (Figs. 369–370); in normal body form, male abdomen short, never reaching to half of hind tibia, reaching to slightly beyond the apex of hind femur when the legs stretched backwards (Figs. 431, 433, 435)................................... Paranocarodes I. Bolívar
7 Body strongly depressed dorso-ventrally (Figs. 727-730); vertex completely smooth, no carinula, tubercles or granules; no foveolae (Figs. 371–372); pronotum cylindrical, without lateral carinae; median carina very indistinctly visible with its longitudinal sulcus, but never raised (Figs. 371–372); apical valves of penis not covered by the sheath of penis ventrally (Figs. 79 a, d, 80a)....................................................................... Turkanocaracris Ünal gen. nov.
- Body strongly to relatively compressed laterally (Figs. 723–726); vertex clearly rugose, always with carinae, carinulae and granules; foveolae present, at least supraocellar foveola distinct (Figs. 373–374); pronotum mostly roof shaped with raised median carinae, if subcylindrical then median and lateral carinae very distinct (Figs. 373–374); apical valves of penis covered by the sheath of penis ventrally (Figs. 70 a, d).............................................................. 8
8 Dorsal margin of hind femur interrupted in preapical part (Fig. 375); if it is weak then median and lateral carinae of pronotum very distinct and raised; distinctly depressed between the median and lateral carinae, but below portion of the lateral carinae compressed laterally, therefore pronotum not roof shaped; fastigium of vertex horizontal or very slightly sloping, connected to frontal ridge under acute or right angle, sharp in lateral view.................................................. 9
- Dorsal margin of hind femur not interrupted in preapical part (Fig. 376); if it is seen weakly then especially lateral carinae and median carina of pronotum much more indistinct, not raised, body and hind femur clearly stout, pronotum almost roof shaped (Nocaracris niethammeri sp. group); fastigium of vertex sloping, connected to frontal ridge under obtuse rarely right angle, mostly rounded in lateral view (except Araxiana)........................................................... 11
9 Frontal ridge in dorsal part distinctly projecting forward in lateral view (Fig. 377); median carina of pronotum with a distinct longitudinal sulcus along its length; prosternum with strongly raised anterior margin as a collar-like, almost covering the mouth parts from below (Fig. 378)....................................................... Iranacris Mistshenko
- Frontal ridge in dorsal part slightly projecting forward in lateral view (Fig. 379); median carina of pronotum without longitudinal sulcus or at most visible in anterior part (except Nocarodes ebneri); prosternum slightly raised with a pointed median projection (Fig. 380)................................................................................. 10
10 Pronotum strongly widened in middle part, distinctly wider than its length (Fig. 381); lateral carinae of pronotum weak in prozona, distinct in metazona but not in a carina form, that changed as a swollen ridge reaching to anterior margin of pronotum laterally (Figs. 381–383); apical valves of penis truncate at apex (with an apical notch), stout, S-shaped and curved backwards at apex (Figs. 91 a, 92a).......................................................... Bufonocarodes Mistshenko
- Pronotum not wider than its length or slightly wider (Fig. 382); lateral carinae of pronotum distinct in prozona and metazona in usual form (Figs. 382–384); if that changed as a swollen ridge and reaching to anterior margin of pronotum laterally then it is sharper and always typical lateral carinae distinct in prozona; apical valves of penis pointed at apex without apical notch (Figs. 83 a–90a)................................................................. Nocarodes Fischer von Waldheim
11 Body and legs clearly slender (Figs. 743–744); fastigium of vertex flat, not sloping, connected to frontal ridge angularly in lateral view (Figs. 385–386); upper part of frontal ridge projecting forward; body strongly compressed laterally, therefore
metasternum narrower than the length of meso- and metasterna together (Fig. 389); apical valves of penis slender, strongly covered by the posterior lobes of zygoma, difficult to see in lateral view, their ventral margins not turned laterally, this visible part straight (Fig. 81 a, d); epiphallus with fused pseudolophi (Fig. 81 c)......................... Araxiana Mistshenko - Body and legs stout (Figs. 709–722); fastigium of vertex sloping and mostly depressed, connected to frontal ridge roundly in lateral view (Fig. 387–388); upper part of frontal ridge not projecting forward; body mostly depressed, if compressed laterally, then metasternum wider than the length of meso- and metasterna together (Fig. 390); apical valves of penis stout, partly covered by the sheath of penis, clearly visible in lateral view; their ventral margins always turned laterally, this visible part clearly upcurved (Figs. 69 a–78a); epiphallus with separated pseudolophi (Figs. 69 c–78c)................... Nocaracris Uvarov
description: Published as part of Ünal, Mustafa, 2016, Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea) from the Palaearctic Region: taxonomy, classification, keys to genera and a review of the tribe Nocarodeini I. Bolívar, pp. 1-223 in Zootaxa 4206 (1) on pages 90-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4206.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/208260