cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
SARG: the high resolution spectrograph
Creators: name: R., Gratton
name: G., Bonanno
name: P., Bruno
name: A., Cali
name: R., Cosentino
name: S., Desidera
name: G., Farisato
name: G., Martorana
name: M., Rebeschini
name: S., Scuderi
name: M, Timpanaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SARG is the high resolution spectrograph of TNG. It has been in operation since late spring 2000. SARG is a cross dispersed echelle spectrograph; it offers both single object and long slit (up to 26 arcsec) observing modes covering a spectral range from λ=0.37 up to 1 μm, with resolution ranging from R=29,000 up to R=164,000. Cross dispersion is provided by means of a selection of four grisms; interference filters may be used for the long slit mode (up to 26 arcsec). A dioptric camera images the cross dispersed spectra onto a mosaic of two 2048x4096 EEV CCDs (pixel size: 13.5 μm) allowing complete spectral coverage at all resolving power for Å <0.8 μm. An iodine-absorbing cell allows to obtain high precision radial velocities. A Distributed Active Temperature Control System (DATCS) maintains constant the temperature of all spectrograph components at a preset value. Early results show that SARG works according to original specifications in terms of wavelength coverage, efficiency (measured peak efficiency is about 13%), resolution (maximum resolution R~164,000 using a 0.3 arcsec slit, R~144,000 using an image slicer), and stability (preliminary estimates of the radial velocity accuracy is ~5 m/s using the iodine cell and ~ 150 m/s without the cell).
description: 17 pages
Lax colimits and free fibrations in $\infty$-categories
Creators: name: Gepner, David
name: Haugseng, Rune
name: Nikolaus, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define and discuss lax and weighted colimits of diagrams in $\infty$-categories and show that the coCartesian fibration associated to a functor is given by its lax colimit. A key ingredient, of independent interest, is a simple characterization of the free Cartesian fibration associated to a a functor of $\infty$-categories. As an application of these results, we prove that lax representable functors are preserved under exponentiation, and also that the total space of a presentable Cartesian fibration between $\infty$-categories is presentable, generalizing a theorem of Makkai and Paré to the $\infty$-categorical setting. Lastly, in the appendix, we observe that pseudofunctors between (2,1)-categories give rise to functors between $\infty$-categories via the Duskin nerve.
description: 42 pages, v2: added a section on lax representable functors and fixed some mistakes, v3: accepted version
Augur: a decentralized oracle and prediction market platform
Creators: name: Peterson, Jack
name: Krug, Joseph
name: Zoltu, Micah
name: Williams, Austin K.
name: Alexander, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Augur is a trustless, decentralized oracle and platform for prediction markets. The outcomes of Augur's prediction markets are chosen by users that hold Augur's native Reputation token, who stake their tokens on the actual observed outcome and, in return, receive settlement fees from the markets. Augur's incentive structure is designed to ensure that honest, accurate reporting of outcomes is always the most profitable option for Reputation token holders. Token holders can post progressively-larger Reputation bonds to dispute proposed market outcomes. If the size of these bonds reaches a certain threshold, Reputation splits into multiple versions, one for each possible outcome of the disputed market; token holders must then exchange their Reputation tokens for one of these versions. Versions of Reputation which do not correspond to the real-world outcome will become worthless, as no one will participate in prediction markets unless they are confident that the markets will resolve correctly. Therefore, token holders will select the only version of Reputation which they know will continue to have value: the version that corresponds to reality.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Calix[4]pyrrolato Stibenium: Lewis Superacidity by Antimony(III)-Antimony(V) Electromerism
Creators: name: Schorpp, Marcel
name: Yadav, Ravi
name: Roth, Daniel
name: Greb, Lutz
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Antimony
subject: Lewis Superacid
subject: Ligand Redox Noninnocence
subject: Main-Group
subject: Structural Constraint
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Lewis superacids enable the activation of highly inert substrates. However, the permanent presence of a Lewis superacidic center comes along with a constantly increased intolerance toward functional groups or ambient conditions. Herein, we describe a strategy to unleash Lewis superacidity by electromerism. Experimental and computational results indicate that coordinating a Lewis base to Δ-calix[4]pyrrolato-antimony(III) triggers a ligand redox-noninnocent coupled transfer into antimony(V)-state that exhibits Lewis superacidic features. Lewis acidity by electromerism establishes a concept of potential generality for powerful yet robust reagents and on-site substrate activation approaches.
Superradiance -- the 2020 Edition
Creators: name: Brito, Richard
name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Pani, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superradiance is a radiation enhancement process that involves dissipative systems. With a 60 year-old history, superradiance has played a prominent role in optics, quantum mechanics and especially in relativity and astrophysics. In General Relativity, black-hole superradiance is permitted by the ergoregion, that allows for energy, charge and angular momentum extraction from the vacuum, even at the classical level. Stability of the spacetime is enforced by the event horizon, where negative energy-states are dumped. Black-hole superradiance is intimately connected to the black-hole area theorem, Penrose process, tidal forces, and even Hawking radiation, which can be interpreted as a quantum version of black-hole superradiance. Various mechanisms (as diverse as massive fields, magnetic fields, anti-de Sitter boundaries, nonlinear interactions, etc...) can confine the amplified radiation and give rise to strong instabilities. These "black-hole bombs" have applications in searches of dark matter and of physics beyond the Standard Model, are associated to the threshold of formation of new black hole solutions that evade the no-hair theorems, can be studied in the laboratory by devising analog models of gravity, and might even provide a holographic description of spontaneous symmetry breaking and superfluidity through the gauge-gravity duality. This work is meant to provide a unified picture of this multifaceted subject. We focus on the recent developments in the field, and work out a number of novel examples and applications, ranging from fundamental physics to astrophysics.
description: 281 pages. Second Edition (2020) of the "Lecture Notes in Physics" book by Springer-Verlag. Bounds on ultralight fields are summarized in Table 4 and kept up to date in this revision, which also updates the discussion of gravitational-wave observables and plasma effects
Acid sphingomyelinase deactivation post-ischemia promotes brain angiogenesis and remodeling by small extracellular vesicles
Creators: name: Yusuf, Ayan Mohamud
name: Hagemann, Nina
name: Zhang, Xiaoni
name: Zafar, Maria
name: Hussner, Tanja
name: Bromkamp, Carolin
name: Martiny, Carlotta
name: Tertel, Tobias
name: Börger, Verena
name: Schumacher, Fabian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Antidepressants
subject: Ceramide
subject: Exosome
subject: Focal cerebral ischemia
subject: Sphingomyelin
subject: Stroke recovery
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Antidepressants have been reported to enhance stroke recovery independent of the presence of depressive symptoms. They have recently been proposed to exert their mood-stabilizing actions by inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide. Their restorative action post-ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) still had to be defined. Mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion or cerebral microvascular endothelial cells exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation were treated with vehicle or with the chemically and pharmacologically distinct antidepressants amitriptyline, fluoxetine or desipramine. Brain ASM activity significantly increased post-I/R, in line with elevated ceramide levels in microvessels. ASM inhibition by amitriptyline reduced ceramide levels, and increased microvascular length and branching point density in wildtype, but not sphingomyelinase phosphodiesterase-1 ([Smpd1]−/−) (i.e., ASM-deficient) mice, as assessed by 3D light sheet microscopy. In cell culture, amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and desipramine increased endothelial tube formation, migration, VEGFR2 abundance and VEGF release. This effect was abolished by Smpd1 knockdown. Mechanistically, the promotion of angiogenesis by ASM inhibitors was mediated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from endothelial cells, which exhibited enhanced uptake in target cells. Proteomic analysis of sEVs revealed that ASM deactivation differentially regulated proteins implicated in protein export, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix interaction. In vivo, the increased angiogenesis was accompanied by a profound brain remodeling response with increased blood–brain barrier integrity, reduced leukocyte infiltrates and increased neuronal survival. Antidepressive drugs potently boost angiogenesis in an ASM-dependent way. The release of sEVs by ASM inhibitors disclosed an elegant target, via which brain remodeling post-I/R can be amplified.
InTheMED D6.2 Report on the Results of the DSS for the Case Study Sites – Appendices B, C and D
Creators: name: Varouchakis, Emmanouil
name: A.Godoy, Vanessa
name: Daloğlu Çetinkaya, Irem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Climate change
Mediterranean Region
Sustainability
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable Water Resources
Groundwater overexploitation
DSS – Decision Support System
Groundwater management
Groundwater level monitoring
Groundwater level trends
Konya Closed Basin
Requena-Utiel aquifer
Tympaki aquifer
Groundwater modelling
Surrogate model
Metamodel
Smart model
Fuzzy Logic
Hydrogeology
Water management strategies
Aquifer recharge
Climate change adaptiation
Adaptive Management
Stakeholder Engagement
Uncertainty Handling
Expert Knowledge Integration
Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Resource Allocation
Water Quality Assessment
Participatory Decision Making

description: Appendices B, C and D of D6.2 v.2
description: This project is part of the PRIMA Program supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant Agreement No 1923
Law of large numbers unifying Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Zipf-Mandelbort distributions, and related fluctuations
Creators: name: Łapiński, Tomasz M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60F05, 82B03

description: We consider a system composed of a fixed number of particles with total energy smaller or equal to some prescribed value. The particles are non-interacting, indistinguishable and distributed over fixed number of energy levels. The energy levels are degenerate and degeneracy is a function of the number of particles. Three cases of the degeneracy function is considered. It can increase with either the same rate as the number of particles or slower, or faster. We find useful properties of the entropy of the system and solve related entropy optimization problem. It turned out, there are several solutions. Depending on the magnitude of total energy, the maximum of the entropy can be in the interior of system's state space or on the boundary. On the boundary it can have further three cases depending on the degeneracy function. The main result, Law of Large Numbers yields the most probable state of the system, which equals to the point of maximum of the entropy. This point can be either Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics or Bose-Einstein statistics, or Zipf-Mandelbort law. We also find the limiting laws for the fluctuations. These laws are different for different cases of the entropy's maximum. They can be mixture of Normal, Exponential and Discrete distributions. Explicit rates of convergence of moment generating functions are provided for all the theorems. The overview of possible applications is provided in the last section.
description: 18 pages
Multiple anthropogenic pressures eliminate the effects of soil microbial diversity on ecosystem functions in experimental microcosms
Creators: name: Yang, Gaowen
name: Ryo, Masahiro
name: Roy, Julien
name: Lammel, Daniel R.
name: Ballhausen, Max-Bernhard
name: Jing, Xin
name: Zhu, Xuefeng
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biodiversity
subject: Climate-change
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Biodiversity is crucial for the provision of ecosystem functions. However, ecosystems are now exposed to a rapidly growing number of anthropogenic pressures, and it remains unknown whether biodiversity can still promote ecosystem functions under multifaceted pressures. Here we investigated the effects of soil microbial diversity on soil functions and properties when faced with an increasing number of simultaneous global change factors in experimental microcosms. Higher soil microbial diversity had a positive effect on soil functions and properties when no or few (i.e., 1–4) global change factors were applied, but this positive effect was eliminated by the co-occurrence of numerous global change factors. This was attributable to the reduction of soil fungal abundance and the relative abundance of an ecological cluster of coexisting soil bacterial and fungal taxa. Our study indicates that reducing the number of anthropogenic pressures should be a goal in ecosystem management, in addition to biodiversity conservation.
Integer Programming for Classifying Orthogonal Arrays
Creators: name: Bulutoglu, Dursun A.
name: Ryan, Kenneth J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A15, 62K05

description: Classifying orthogonal arrays is a well known important class of problems that asks for finding all non-isomorphic, non-negative integer solutions to a class of systems of constraints. Solved instances are scarce. We develop two new methods based on finding all non-isomorphic solutions of two novel integer linear programming formulations for classifying all non-isomorphic OA(N,k,s,t) given a set of all non-isomorphic OA(N,k-1,s,t). We also establish the concept of orthogonal design equivalence of OA(N,k,2,t) to reduce the number of integer linear programs (ILPs) whose all non-isomorphic solutions need to be enumerated by our methods. For each ILP, we determine the largest group of permutations that can be exploited with the branch-and-bound (B&B) with isomorphism pruning algorithm of Margot [Discrete Optim~4 (2007), 40-62] without losing isomorphism classes of OA(N,k,2,t). Our contributions brought the classifications of all non-isomorphic OA(160,k,2,4) for k=9,10 and OA(176,k,2,4) for k=5,6,7,8,9,10 within computational reach. These are the smallest s=2, t=4 cases for which classification results are not available in the literature.
description: 21 pages
Theileria annulata histone deacetylase 1 (TaHDAC1) initiates schizont to merozoite stage conversion
Creators: name: Tajeri, Shahin
name: Momeux, Laurence
name: Saintpierre, Benjamin
name: Mfarrej, Sara
name: Chapple, Alexander
name: Mourier, Tobias
name: Shiels, Brian
name: Ariey, Frédéric
name: Pain, Arnab
name: Langsley, Gordon
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Parasite development
subject: Parasitic infection
subject: Theileria annulata
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: A fungal metabolite, FR235222, specifically inhibits a histone deacetylase of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and TgHDAC3 has emerged as a key factor regulating developmental stage transition in this species. Here, we exploited FR235222 to ask if changes in histone acetylation regulate developmental stage transition of Theileria annulata, another apicomplexan species. We found that FR235222 treatment of T. annulata-infected transformed leukocytes induced a proliferation arrest. The blockade in proliferation was due to drug-induced conversion of intracellular schizonts to merozoites that lack the ability to maintain host leukocyte cell division. Induction of merogony by FR235222 leads to an increase in expression of merozoite-marker (rhoptry) proteins. RNA-seq of FR235222-treated T. annulata-infected B cells identified deregulated expression of 468 parasite genes including a number encoding parasite ApiAP2 transcription factors. Thus, similar to T. gondii, FR235222 inhibits T. annulata HDAC (TaHDAC1) activity and places parasite histone acetylation as a major regulatory event of the transition from schizonts to merozoites.
Temperature and differential emission measure evolution of a limb flare on 13 January 2015
Creators: name: Bröse, Malte
name: Warmuth, A.
name: Sakao, T.
name: Su, Y.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sun flares
subject: Sun corona
subject: Sun UV radiation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Context. Spatially unresolved observations show that the cooling phase in solar flares can be much longer than theoretical models predict. It has not yet been determined whether this is also the case for different subregions within the flare structure. Aims. We aim to investigate whether or not the cooling times, which are observed separately in coronal loops and the supra-arcade fan (SAF), are in accordance with the existing cooling models, and whether the temperature and emission measure of supra-arcade downflows (SADs) are different from their surroundings. Methods. We analysed the M5.6 limb flare on 13 January 2015 using SDO/AIA observations. We applied a differential emission measure (DEM) reconstruction code to derive spatially resolved temperature and emission measure maps, and used the output to investigate the thermal evolution of coronal loops, the SAF, and the SADs. Results. In the event of 13 January 2015, the observed cooling times of the loop arcade and the SAF are significantly longer than predicted by the Cargill model, even with suppressed plasma heat conduction. The observed SADs show different temperature characteristics, and in all cases a lower density than their surroundings. Conclusions. In the limb flare event studied here, continuous heating likely occurs in both loops and SAF during the gradual flare phase and leads to an extended cooling phase.
Can a Bohmian be a Rovellian for all practical purposes?
Creators: name: Drezet, Aurélien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this article is to discuss the preferred basis problem in relational quantum mechanics (RQM). The issue is at the heart of quantum mechanics and we first show that the mathematical formalism of RQM is immune to recent critics concerning consistency. Moreover, we also analyse the notion of interaction in RQM and provide a For All Practical Purposes (FAPP) reading of RQM comparing it with Bohmian mechanics.
description: 9 pages; this is a preprint version of an article published in Foundations of Physics
Systematic elucidation of the multi-target pharmacological mechanism of Terminalia arjuna against congestive cardiac failure via network pharmacology and molecular modelling approaches
Creators: name: Asghar, Aqsa
name: Qasim, Muhammad
name: Noor, Fatima
name: Ashfaq, Usman Ali
name: Qamar, Muhammad Tahir ul
name: Masoud, Muhammad Shareef
name: Bhatti, Rashid
name: Almatroudi, Ahmad
name: Alrumaihi, Faris
name: Allemailem, Khaled S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) is a pathophysiologic state when the heart is not able to maintain its cardiac output to meet the demand of metabolising tissues. CCF is responsible for approximately 2.9 million deaths worldwide. The heterogeneous nature of CCF draws the attention of researchers to find more enthralling and promising diagnostic and treatment options. Terminalia arjuna (Arjuna) is an evergreen, deciduous tree exhibited various astringent, anti-bacterial, and anti-microbial properties. T. arjuna is being used in various regions for anginal pain, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and dyslipidemia. Although previous in vitro studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of T. arjuna, the exact molecular mechanism underlying its protective effect on the heart remains unclear. In this study, a network pharmacology technique was used to explore the active ingredients, potential targets in T. arjuna for the treatment of CCF. In the framework of this study, we explored the active ingredient–target–pathway network and figured out that oleanolic acid, arjunolic acid, luteolin, kaempferol, cholesterol, ellagic acid 4-O-xylopyranoside 3,3’-dimethyl ether, and cyclohexyl (2,4-dimethyl phenyl) methanone contributed significantly to the development of CCF by affecting AKT1, MAPK14, TNF, IL6, ESR1, and HSP90AA1 genes. Molecular docking analysis further validated the activities of these compounds against potential targets. To sum up, integrated network pharmacology and docking analysis revealed that T. arjuna exerts its cardioprotective effect by acting on various signalling pathways, including the thyroid hormone, VEGF signalling pathway, AGE-RAGE signalling pathway in diabetic complications, HIF signalling pathway, sphingolipid signalling pathway, and oestrogen signalling pathways. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of T. arjuna in CCF and highlights its potential as a promising preventive treatment for this condition.
Projecting changes in phenology and grape composition of 'Tempranillo' and 'Grenache' varieties under climate warming in Rioja DOCa
Creators: name: Ramos, M. C.
name: Martínez De Toda, F.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2020

description: The aim of this research was to predict the changes in vine phenology under future climate change of two red varieties, cultivated under rainfed conditions, and how grape composition can be affected. The research was conducted in Rioja Designation of Origin (DOCa), a viticultural area located in north central Spain, where red varieties represent near 90 % of the cultivated vineyards. The research focuses on 'Tempranillo' and 'Grenache', which represent about 85 % and 10 %, respectively, of cultivated red varieties in the area. The analysis included data related to vineyards located at different elevations and with different climatic conditions, recorded during the period 2008-2018. Phenological dates related to separated flowers (stage H), veraison (stage M) and maturity of the two varieties as well as the grape composition during the ripening period and at maturity were evaluated. The future scenarios were based on the predicted temperature and precipitation changes under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios –RCP4.5 and RCP8.5-, which were simulated with an ensemble of models. Projections for 2050 and 2070 were made based on the observed phenological dates and the heat accumulation needed to reach each stage along the growing cycle. An advance of all phenological stages was projected, higher for veraison and maturity than for the earlier stages, and without large differences between both varieties but with differences at different elevations. Veraison is expected to be advanced up to 11 days for 2050 and up to 12 days for 2070 under the RCP4.5 scenario, while under the RCP8.5 scenario, the advance by 2070 could be up to 20 days for both varieties. For maturity, the advance could be up to 27 days for 'Tempranillo' and 25 days for 'Grenache', with differences between the cooler and the warmer areas. These changes resulted in a shortening of the periods between phenological stages, giving rise to maturity under warmer conditions. Based on the variability of grape composition observed in the warmer in relation to cooler years, and on the relationship with climate variables, a decrease in acidity as well as a reduction in the content of total anthocyanins is expected for both varieties, which may be higher for 'Grenache' than for 'Tempranillo'.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 59 No. 4 (2020): Vitis
Broadband optical magnetism in chiral metallic nanohole arrays by shadowing vapor deposition
Creators: name: Han, Chunrui
name: Tam, Wing Yim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that broadband optical magnetism can be achieved through incorporating multi-scaled 3D metallic meta-elements into Z-shaped nanohole arrays. The broadband effect arises from the excitation of multiple magnetic resonances in the meta-elements at different wavelengths. Moreover, the nanohole arrays exhibit a large transmission difference for left- and right-handed circularly polarized incident light due to the chiral arrangement of the meta-elements. More importantly, we have realized experimentally the broadband behavior for the optical range in Ag nanohole arrays fabricated by using a shadowing vapor deposition method. Our study opens up new opportunities for achieving broadband artificial magnetism at visible frequencies which allows possible applications in plasmonic bio-sensors or energy concentrators.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Microscopic approach to a class of 1D quantum critical models
Creators: name: Kozlowski, K. K.
name: Maillet, J. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the finite volume form factors of local operators, we show how and under which hypothesis the $c=1$ free boson conformal field theory in two-dimensions emerges as an effective theory governing the large-distance regime of multi-point correlation functions in a large class of one dimensional massless quantum Hamiltonians. In our approach, in the large-distance critical regime, the local operators of the initial model are represented by well suited vertex operators associated to the free boson model. This provides an effective field theoretic description of the large distance behaviour of correlation functions in 1D quantum critical models. We develop this description starting from the first principles and directly at the microscopic level, namely in terms of the properties of the finite volume matrix elements of local operators.
description: 38 pages, V2 missprints corrected
Equidimensional Isometric Extensions
Creators: name: Wasem, Micha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $Σ$ be a hypersurface in an $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifold $M$, $n\geqslant 2$. We study the isometric extension problem for isometric immersions $f:Σ\to\mathbb R^n$, where $\mathbb R^n$ is equipped with the Euclidean standard metric. We prove a general curvature obstruction to the existence of merely differentiable extensions and an obstruction to the existence of Lipschitz extensions of $f$ using a length comparison argument. Using a weak form of convex integration, we then construct one-sided isometric Lipschitz extensions of which we compute the Hausdorff dimension of the singular set and obtain an accompanying density result. As an application we obtain the existence of infinitely many Lipschitz isometries collapsing the standard two-sphere to the closed standard unit $2$-disk mapping a great-circle to the boundary of the disk.
description: Final Version, to appear in Zeitschrift f\"ur Analysis und ihre Anwendungen, 22 pages, 1 figure
In-vitro cell migration enhancing and pro-angiogenic active secondary metabolites from Jeffreycia zeylanica (L.) H. Rob., S.C. Keeley & Skvarla (Asteraceae)
Creators: name: Samarasinghe, W. M. Priyantha
name: Ranasinghe, Chandani
name: Jayawardana, K. Hector
name: Somaratne, Seneviratnage
name: Gunaherath, G. M. Kamal B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Jeffreycia zeylanica (L.) H. Rob., S. C. Keeley & Skvarla is used for the treatment of wounds in indigenous medicine practiced in Sri Lanka. The scratch wound assay (SWA) guided fractionation of hexanes extract of J. zeylanica led to the isolation of ethuliacoumarin (1), stigmasterol (2), β-amyrin (3) and lupeol (4) and a non-resolved triterpene alcohol mixture HF5D1, all of which showed enhanced cell migration. The mixture HF5D1 contained glut-5-en-3β-ol (5) and friedelin-3β-ol (6). The identities of compounds 1–6 were established by the analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison of them with those reported. The compounds 1–4 and the non-resolved triterpene alcohol mixture, HF5D1 also exhibited significant proangiogenic response in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay in addition to the enhanced cell migration. This is the first report of the occurrence of the compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 in this plant.
Global Hoelder continuity of solutions to quasilinear equations with Morrey data
Creators: name: Byun, Sun-Sig
name: Palagachev, Dian K.
name: Shin, Pilsoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 35J60, 35B65, Secondary: 35R05, 35B45, 35J92, 46E30

description: We deal with general quasilinear divergence-form coercive operators whose prototype is the $m$-Laplacean operator. The nonlinear terms are given by Carathéodory functions and satisfy controlled growth structure conditions with data belonging to suitable Morrey spaces. The fairly non-regular boundary of the underlying domain is supposed to satisfy a capacity density condition which allows domains with exterior corkscrew property. We prove global boundedness and Hoelder continuity up to the boundary for the weak solutions of such equations, generalizing this way the classical $L^p$-result of Ladyzhenskaya and Ural'tseva to the settings of the Morrey spaces.
description: to appear in "Communications in Contemporary Mathematics"
Cytotoxic and apoptotic efficacy of Alkanna tinctoria on glioma cells
Creators: name: Rani, Vinitha
name: C., Revanasiddappa B.
name: S., Mahendra G.
name: Deshpande, Shridhar
name: Venkatesan, Jayachandran
name: Dalavi, Pandurang Appana
name: Prabhu, Ashwini
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Glioblastoma is the most common lethal form of malignant tumor that arises from the central nervous system. The present-day therapeutic strategies possess their own pros and cons. Hence, there is a need to look back into the traditional medicines that could be potential agents to treat glioblastoma. One of the potential approaches in anticancer therapy is to induce tumor cell death by natural phytochemicals which pose minimum adverse effects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of hexane extract of Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch on U87MG cells using various biological activities. The results obtained from our study state that the plant extract showed potential anticancer activity against U87MG cells. The molecular docking studies indicated that alkannin and shikonin present in the extract could efficiently bind to brain tumor cell receptors and showed better docking scores when compared to commercially available drugs temozolomide and bevacizumab.
Ultraluminous X-ray sources
Creators: name: King, Andrew
name: Lasota, Jean-Pierre
name: Middleton, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) has changed dramatically over the last decade. In this review we first describe the most important observations of ULXs in various wavebands, and across multiple scales in space and time. We discuss recent progress and current unanswered questions. We consider the range of current theories of ULX properties in the light of this observational progress. Applying these models to neutron-star ULXs offers particularly stringent tests, as this is the unique case where the mass of the accretor is effectively fixed.
description: A preprint as close as possible to the open access article at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1387647322000306?via%3Dihub
Francisella tularensis Invasion of Lung Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Hall, J. D.
name: Kawula, T. H.
name: Taft-Benz, S.
name: Craven, R. R.
name: Fuller, J. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Francisella tularensis, a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen, causes disseminating infections in humans and other mammalian hosts. Macrophages and other monocytes have long been considered the primary site of F. tularensis replication in infected animals. However, recently it was reported that F. tularensis also invades and replicates within alveolar epithelial cells following inhalation in a mouse model of tularemia. TC-1 cells, a mouse lung epithelial cell line, were used to study the process of F. tularensis invasion and intracellular trafficking within nonphagocytic cells. Live and paraformaldehyde-fixed F. tularensis live vaccine strain organisms associated with, and were internalized by, TC-1 cells at similar frequencies and with indistinguishable differences in kinetics. Inhibitors of microfilament and microtubule activity resulted in significantly decreased F. tularensis invasion, as did inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and tyrosine kinase activity. Collectively, these results suggest that F. tularensis epithelial cell invasion is mediated by a preformed ligand on the bacterial surface and driven entirely by host cell processes. Once internalized, F. tularensis-containing endosomes associated with early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) followed by lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1), with peak coassociation frequencies occurring at 30 and 120 min postinoculation, respectively. By 2 h postinoculation, 70.0% (± 5.5%) of intracellular bacteria were accessible to antibody delivered to the cytoplasm, indicating vacuolar breakdown and escape into the cytoplasm.
Comparative analysis of existing models for power-grid synchronization
Creators: name: Nishikawa, Takashi
name: Motter, Adilson E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of power-grid networks is becoming an increasingly active area of research within the physics and network science communities. The results from such studies are typically insightful and illustrative, but are often based on simplifying assumptions that can be either difficult to assess or not fully justified for realistic applications. Here we perform a comprehensive comparative analysis of three leading models recently used to study synchronization dynamics in power-grid networks -- a fundamental problem of practical significance given that frequency synchronization of all power generators in the same interconnection is a necessary condition for a power grid to operate. We show that each of these models can be derived from first principles within a common framework based on the classical model of a generator, thereby clarifying all assumptions involved. This framework allows us to view power grids as complex networks of coupled second-order phase oscillators with both forcing and damping terms. Using simple illustrative examples, test systems, and real power-grid datasets, we study the inherent frequencies of the oscillators as well as their coupling structure, comparing across the different models. We demonstrate, in particular, that if the network structure is not homogeneous, generators with identical parameters need to be modeled as non-identical oscillators in general. We also discuss an approach to estimate the required (dynamical) parameters that are unavailable in typical power-grid datasets, their use for computing the constants of each of the three models, and an open-source MATLAB toolbox that we provide for these computations.
description: Typos corrected on p. 8 and p. 21. All results and other equations remain unaffected. Article published in Focus Issue on Networks, Energy and the Economy. Software for computing model parameters available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/pg-sync-models
Bioactive saponin profiling of endophytic fungi from Asparagus racemosus
Creators: name: Rani, Monika
name: Jaglan, Sandeep
name: Beniwal, Vikas
name: Chhokar, Vinod
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Thirty-five distinct endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of Asparagus racemosus. Five out of 35 isolates were found to be efficient saponins producers and they were identified as Aspergillus terreus (E.F-1), Aspergillus flavus (E.F-7), Penicillium sp. (E.F-12), Talaromyces pinophilus(S-26), and Aspergillus terreus (Y-2) based on 18 sr RNA sequencing. The crude extracts of endophytic fungi were screened using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantitative analysis of saponin. The crude extracts of endophytic fungi were also characterised using FT-IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The IR spectra of all five endophytic fungi crude extracts revealed the presence of –OH,-CH Alkyl,-CH3,-C-O-C,-C=C,-C=O stretching, which indicated the presence of saponin. Eight types of saponins recognised by mass spectrometry were Cyclamine saponin, Aspoligonin A, Sarsapogenin, Asparacosin A, Schidigera saponinD5, Aspargoside A, Dioscin, and Protodioscin. Endophytic fungi extracts also exhibited antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity.
Bioherbicides for sustainable barnyard grass management in paddy field: an in-silico perspective
Creators: name: Antony, Ajitha
name: Karuppasamy, Ramanathan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Paddy (Oryza sativa) yield is greatly influenced by the insidious presence of rice-mimicking weed, widely known as barnyard grass. This study explores the promising natural ACCase inhibitors that could enhance paddy yield by controlling weeds. A total of 2828 natural compounds were examined using diverse computational techniques. The results of this study depict that CNP0390839 (xanthoangelol) exhibited a better XP Gscore (−7.328 kcal/mol) and MM/GBSA score (−84.24 kcal/mol) than other investigated compounds. Importantly, ACCase-xanthoangelol complexes was thermodynamically stable with an RMSD value of ∼1.2 nm. Of note, 72% xanthoangelol resides in the Angelica keiskei plant root which exhibits 55% weed-inhibitory action. The A. keiskei plant mainly inhibits the hypocotyl (71.8 ± 5.4%) and root region (55.3 ± 4.7%) of weeds. Moreover, the existence of dihydroxyphenyl scaffold in xanthoangelol was also witnessed in literatures for weed inhibitory action. Overall, xanthoangelol might prove to be an effective ACCase herbicide in paddy weed management.
Optical Tractor Beam with Chiral Light
Creators: name: Fernandes, David E.
name: Silveirinha, Mário G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a novel mechanism to induce the motion of a chiral material body towards an optical source. Our solution is based on the interference between a chiral light beam and its reflection on an opaque mirror. Surprisingly, it is theoretically shown that the electromagnetic response of the material may be tailored in such a way that independent of the specific body location with the respect to the mirror, it is always pushed upstream against the photon flow associated with the incoming wave. Moreover, it is proven that by controlling the handedness of the incoming light it may be possible to harness the sign of the optical force, switching from a pulling force to a pushing force.
description: preprint,16 pages, 4 figures
Growth, heavy metal uptake, and photosynthesis in 'Paulsen 1103' (Vitis berlandieri x rupestris) grapevine rootstocks inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from vineyard soils with high copper contents
Creators: name: Betancur-Agudelo, M.
name: Meyer, E.
name: Lovato, P. E.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2020

description: Soils in old vineyards in southern Brazil have high copper accumulation due to fungicide applications over the years, which can affect physiology and growth of young grapevine plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alleviate toxic effects of metals and increase photosynthesis and plant growth. We evaluated whether inoculation with Rhizophagus clarus (Rh) from a mining area or with a trap-culture-enriched AMF community (Tc) isolated from a high-copper vineyard soil, improved growth and photosynthesis in grapevine rootstocks planted in young (< 10 years) and old (> 60 years) vineyards soils of Vale da Uva Goethe, SC, Brazil. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in grapevines installed in young vineyard soil than those planted in old vineyard soil. Plants grew more in the old vineyard soil than in the soil from a young vineyard, and that was related to plant nutrient concentration in the soil. In both soils, Tc-inoculated grapevines had higher photosynthetic activity, while those inoculated with R. clarus had higher carbon assimilation. In conclusion, grapevines showed a positive response to AMF inoculation in different soil conditions, and the native AMF community from high copper soils are promising for inoculation of grapevines.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 59 No. 4 (2020): Vitis
Modelling Fatigue Behaviours and Lifetimes of Novel GLARE Laminates under Random Loading Spectrum
Creators: name: Cheng, Zheng-Qiang
name: Tan, Wei
name: Xiong, Jun-Jiang
name: Hed, Er-Ming
name: Xiong, Tao-Huan
name: Wang, Ying-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper aims to experimentally and numerically probe fatigue behaviours and lifetimes of novel GLARE (glass laminate aluminium reinforced epoxy) laminates under random loading spectrum. A mixed algorithm based on fatigue damage concepts of three-phase materials was proposed for modelling progressive fatigue damage mechanisms and fatigue life of fibre metal laminates (FML) under random loading spectrum. To validate the proposed modelling algorithm, fatigue tests were conducted on the GLARE 2/1 and GLARE 3/2 laminates subjected to random loading spectrum, and fatigue mechanisms were discussed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. It is shown that predominant fatigue failure of the GLARE laminate depends on the reference load level of random loading spectrum. Specifically, dominant fatigue failure of the GLARE laminate is dependent on fatigue strength of fibre layer at a high reference load level, but metal layer at a low reference load level. Numerical predictions agree well with experimental results, demonstrating that the proposed mixed modelling algorithm can effectively simulate fatigue behaviours and lives of the GLARE laminate under random loading spectrum.