cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inferring hidden states in a random kinetic Ising model: replica analysis
Creators: name: Romano, Ludovica Bachschmid
name: Opper, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of predicting the spin states in a kinetic Ising model when spin trajectories are observed for only a finite fraction of sites. In a Bayesian setting, where the probabilistic model of the spin dynamics is assumed to be known, the optimal prediction can be computed from the conditional (posterior) distribution of unobserved spins given the observed ones. Using the replica method, we compute the error of the Bayes optimal predictor for parallel discrete time dynamics in a fully connected spin system with non symmetric random couplings. The results, exact in the thermodynamic limit, agree very well with simulations of finite spin systems.
Shorin S.A. Legal Framework for Digital Technologies Application in Budgetary Relations: Russian Particularities // Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research : 2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference «Modern Management Trends and the Digital Economy: from Regional Development to Global Economic Growth» (MTDE 2020). 2020. V. 138. PP. 572-577.
Creators: name: Shorin, Sergey
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: 150201 Finance
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 160509 Public Administration
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80609 Information Systems Management
subject: 170110 Psychological Methodology, Design and Analysis
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The relevance of research is due to the certitude of digital technologies introduction in budgetary legal relations, and therefore their legal framework is necessary. The subject of research is the legal norms governing the use of digital technologies in the public sector. The goal of the article is to develop recommendations to remove the main shortcomings of the budget and legal framework for digital technologies applications. Methodological framework of research was mainly analysis, synthesis, materialistic and technical methods. The main content of the article is the reasoning for the need to establish general rules for the digital technologies use in the public sector. The research is novel in that it consists of a predominantly critical assessment of the consequences of the digital technologies introduction in budgetary legal relations, contrasting with the more widespread positive assessment of their introduction. The results of the research were recommendations on the legal framework for the digital technologies application and the procedure for their introduction, taking into account possible malfunctions. The scope of the research results is lawmaking and further scientific development of the topic. Elements of legal relations that need a comprehensive regulation, including the organizational basis, control and responsibility, are listed at the end of the article; it is recommended to prevent the commissioning of technically unfinished digital technologies and preserve alternative ways of exchanging data.
On the Mathieu conjecture for $SU(2)$
Creators: name: Dings, Teun
name: Koelink, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the Mathieu Conjecture for $SU(2)$ using the matrix elements of its unitary irreducible representations. We state a conjecture for the particular case $SU(2)$ implying the Mathieu Conjecture for $SU(2)$.
description: 6 pages
DOOp, an automated wrapper for DAOSPEC
Creators: name: Cantat-Gaudin, Tristan
name: Donati, Paolo
name: Pancino, Elena
name: Bragaglia, Angela
name: Vallenari, Antonella
name: Friel, Eileen D.
name: Sordo, Rosanna
name: Jacobson, Heather R.
name: Magrini, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large spectroscopic surveys such as the Gaia-ESO Survey produce huge quantities of data. Automatic tools are necessary to efficiently handle this material. The measurement of equivalent widths in stellar spectra is traditionally done by hand or with semi-automatic procedures that are time-consuming and not very robust with respect to the repeatability of the results. The program DAOSPEC is a tool that provides consistent measurements of equivalent widths in stellar spectra while requiring a minimum of user intervention. However, it is not optimised to deal with large batches of spectra, as some parameters still need to be modified and checked by the user. Exploiting the versatility and portability of BASH, we have built a pipeline called DAOSPEC Option Optimiser (DOOp) automating the procedure of equivalent widths measurement with DAOSPEC. DOOp is organised in different modules that run one after the other to perform specific tasks, taking care of the optimisation of the parameters needed to provide the final equivalent widths, and providing log files to ensure better control over the procedure. In this paper, making use of synthetic and observed spectra, we compare the performance of DOOp with other methods, including DAOSPEC used manually. The measurements made by DOOp are identical to the ones produced by DAOSPEC when used manually, while requiring less user intervention, which is convenient when dealing with a large quantity of spectra. DOOp shows its best performance on high-resolution spectra (R>20 000) and high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N>30), with uncertainties ranging from 6 mÅ to 2 mÅ. The only subjective parameter that remains is the normalisation, as the user still has to make a choice on the order of the polynomial used for the continuum fitting. As a test, we use the equivalent widths measured by DOOp to re-derive the stellar parameters of four well-studied stars.
The environmental impacts on the star formation main sequence: an H-alpha study of the newly discovered rich cluster at z=1.52
Creators: name: Koyama, Yusei
name: Kodama, Tadayuki
name: Tadaki, Ken-ichi
name: Hayashi, Masao
name: Tanaka, Ichi
name: Shimakawa, Rhythm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a strong over-density of galaxies in the field of a radio galaxy at z=1.52 (4C65.22) based on our broad-band and narrow-band (H-alpha) photometry with Subaru Telescope. We find that H-alpha emitters are located in the outskirts of the density peak (cluster core) dominated by passive red-sequence galaxies. This resembles the situation in lower-redshift clusters, suggesting that the newly discovered structure is a well-evolved rich galaxy cluster at z=1.5. Our data suggest that the color-density and stellar mass-density relations are already in place at z~1.5, mostly driven by the passive red massive galaxies residing within Rc<200 kpc from the cluster core. These environmental trends almost disappear when we consider only star-forming (SF) galaxies. We do not find SFR-density or SSFR-density relations amongst SF galaxies, and the location of the SF main sequence does not significantly change with environment. Nevertheless, we find a tentative hint that star-bursting galaxies (up-scattered objects from the main sequence) are preferentially located in a small group at ~1-Mpc away from the main body of the cluster. We also argue that the scatter of the SF main sequence could be dependent on the distance to the nearest neighboring galaxy.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Perception towards the burden of regulations on small and medium enterprises in Gulele sub-city: Addis Ababa
Creators: name: Derbew Kenubeh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011

description: The study focuses on Perception towards the burden of regulations on small and medium

enterprises in Gulele sub-city: Addis Ababa. The study adopts a mixed methods research

approach to address the broad objective through answering research questions and

testing the hypotheses developed from the literature review. Specifically, the study uses

quantitative surveys of SMEs, in-depth interviews with a sample of SMEs owners,

managers or employees. The study statistically analyzes the data elicited from surveys of

SMEs. It also supports the result from survey questionnaire by triangulating the results

with in-depth interviews and document studies

The result of this mixed approach methodology explores that SMEs face challenges from

different factors but, they perceived challenges from regulatory burden outweigh other

factors
From extreme weather to rapid climate change: Can amplified Arctic ice loss tip the North Atlantic freshwater cycle?
Creators: name: Oltmanns, Marilena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Climate coffee on Thu 17 November 2022. From extreme weather to abrupt climate change: Can amplified Arctic ice loss tip the North Atlantic freshwater cycle? Freshwater plays a key role in the Arctic – North Atlantic climate system, linking ice, ocean and atmospheric dynamics. Yet, it has, for the most part, been overlooked as a major player in ocean-climate interactions on weather-type timescales. In this talk, Marilena will first briefly review the influence of North Atlantic freshwater events on medium-term climate trajectories. Marilena will then focus on the drivers and underlying dynamics of North Atlantic freshwater variations. Lastly, Marilena will demonstrate new Arctic feedbacks through atmospheric teleconnections and discuss their potential to trigger a nonlinear, or disruptive, change in the North Atlantic climate. About our speaker: Marilena Oltmanns is a research scientist in Physical Oceanography at the National Oceanography Centre (NOC) in UK. Speaker's profile: https://noc.ac.uk/n/Marilena+Oltmanns What is a climate coffee? Climate coffees are relaxed meetings for scientists to exchange ideas, discuss about their latest results and new methods with their fellow scientists. Climate coffees are an initiative of ECRA and Blue-Action. All speakers and topics of the upcoming Climate Coffees: https://blue-action.eu/training/climate-coffees Our newsletter: https://ecra-climate.us20.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=b94f327527c0ce01d605c656f&id=21b1c232e4 Interested in becoming the next speaker? Please get in touch with Chiara Bearzotti at the Danish Meteorological Institute chb@dmi.dk
An empirical mass-loss law for Population II giants from the Spitzer-IRAC survey of Galactic globular clusters
Creators: name: Origlia, L.
name: Ferraro, F. R.
name: Fabbri, S.
name: Pecci, F. Fusi
name: Dalessandro, E.
name: Rich, R. M.
name: Valenti, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main aim of the present work is to derive an empirical mass-loss (ML) law for Population II stars in first and second ascent red giant branches. We used the Spitzer InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) photometry obtained in the 3.6-8 micron range of a carefully chosen sample of 15 Galactic globular clusters spanning the entire metallicity range and sampling the vast zoology of horizontal branch (HB) morphologies. We complemented the IRAC photometry with near-infrared data to build suitable color-magnitude and color-color diagrams and identify mass-losing giant stars. We find that while the majority of stars show colors typical of cool giants, some stars show an excess of mid-infrared light that is larger than expected from their photospheric emission and that is plausibly due to dust formation in mass flowing from them. For these stars, we estimate dust and total (gas + dust) ML rates and timescales. We finally calibrate an empirical ML law for Population II red and asymptotic giant branch stars with varying metallicity. We find that at a given red giant branch luminosity only a fraction of the stars are losing mass. From this, we conclude that ML is episodic and is active only a fraction of the time, which we define as the duty cycle. The fraction of mass-losing stars increases by increasing the stellar luminosity and metallicity. The ML rate, as estimated from reasonable assumptions for the gas-to-dust ratio and expansion velocity, depends on metallicity and slowly increases with decreasing metallicity. In contrast, the duty cycle increases with increasing metallicity, with the net result that total ML increases moderately with increasing metallicity, about 0.1 Msun every dex in [Fe/H]. For Population II asymptotic giant branch stars, we estimate a total ML of <0.1 Msun, nearly constant with varying metallicity.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, in press on A&A
Infrared properties of blazars: putting the GASP-WEBT sources into context
Creators: name: Raiteri, C. M.
name: Villata, M.
name: Carnerero, M. I.
name: Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
name: Larionov, V. M.
name: D'Ammando, F.
name: Arévalo, M. J.
name: Arkharov, A. A.
name: Bueno, A. Bueno
name: Di Paola, A.
name: Efimova, N. V.
name: González-Morales, P. A.
name: Gorshanov, D. L.
name: Grinon-Marin, A. B.
name: Lázaro, C.
name: Manilla-Robles, A.
name: Yabar, A. Pastor
name: Giménez, I. Puerto
name: Velasco, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The infrared properties of blazars can be studied from the statistical point of view with the help of sky surveys, like that provided by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). However, these sources are known for their strong and unpredictable variability, which can be monitored for a handful of objects only. In this paper we consider the 28 blazars (14 BL Lac objects and 14 flat-spectrum radio quasars, FSRQs) that are regularly monitored by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) since 2007. They show a variety of infrared colours, redshifts, and infrared-optical spectral energy distributions (SEDs), and thus represent an interesting mini-sample of bright blazars that can be investigated in more detail. We present near-IR light curves and colours obtained by the GASP from 2007 to 2013, and discuss the infrared-optical SEDs. These are analysed with the aim of understanding the interplay among different emission components. BL Lac SEDs are accounted for by synchrotron emission plus an important contribution from the host galaxy in the closest objects, and dust signatures in 3C 66A and Mkn 421. FSRQ SEDs require synchrotron emission with the addition of a quasar-like contribution, which includes radiation from a generally bright accretion disc, broad line region, and a relatively weak dust torus.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, in press for MNRAS
Cartographie harmonisée des dynamiques de l'immobilier à Paris, Lyon et Avignon (1998 - 2018)
Creators: name: Ysebaert, Ronan
name: Giraud, Timothée
name: Goix, Renaud Le
name: Boulay, Guilhem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Household
Price-to-income
Paris
Lyon
Avignon
Affordability

description: Ce site Web rassemble les sorties graphiques du traitement harmonisé des données notariales (BIEN et PERVAL) mené sur les cas d’étude de l’ANR WIsDHoM (Inégalités patrominiales et dynamiques du marché du logement / Wealth Inequalities and the Dynamics of Housing Market) : Paris, Lyon et Avignon. Cette réalisation s’inscrit à des fins d’archivage, de diffusion et de documentation des protocoles de recherche mis en oeuvre (sciences ouvertes). Ces données ont été croisées, à des échelles fines, avec d’autres sources de la statistique publique (INSEE, Filosofi).
Spätmittelalterliche Bittschriften von Klöstern im römisch deutschen Reich und Frankreich Ein Vergleich
Creators: name: Luger, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: diplomatics
supplication
France
Holy-Roman-Empire
monasteries

description: Si l’on excepte la Curie romaine et quelques États princiers du sud et de l’ouest de l’Europe, le genre documentaire des suppliques et requêtes a fait l’objet de peu d’attention de la part de la médiévistique internationale. Les suppliques jouaient un rôle de moyen de communication central entre sujets et souverains dans les époques médiévale et moderne, ouvert à tout un chacun, indépendamment de son statut social, de son sexe, ou de son origine géographique et ethnique. Par leurs demandes, les suppliants tentaient d’obtenir une amélioration de leur situation personnelle, par exemple au moyen d’une réduction de peine ou d’impôt, ou par celui de l’attribution d’un privilège impérial. Outre l’utilité évidente que de telles suppliques pouvaient avoir pour les requérants, les écrits envoyés vers les cours ouvraient également certaines possibilités aux détenteurs du pouvoir. Ainsi, l’on pouvait sur cette base estimer l’efficacité et le degré d’acceptation d’une réglementation, ou s’informer sur l’activité des officiers princiers par l’intermédiaire de personnes directement concernées. Les suppliques prenaient ainsi une double fonction d’exutoire au mécontentement des sujets et de source d’information pour le pouvoir.

La base documentaire de la présente analyse des suppliques de communautés religieuses à la fin du Moyen Âge est constituée par des fonds d’archives conservés à Paris et Vienne. Son attention se porte tout d’abord sur la question de l’écriture, de l’expédition et du traitement des suppliques à la cour. Ce faisant, un intérêt particulier est apporté à la question de l’usage de tournures liées à des formulaires ainsi qu’à celle des modèles et du développement de ces mêmes formulaires.

Quand bien même ces sources auraient toujours un caractère fonctionnel et devraient respecter certaines exigences formelles, les récits vivants et proches de la vie que transmettent les suppliques nous donneraient de rares aperçus de problèmes et de nécessités concrètes connus par les requérants ecclésiastiques que d’autres sources ne nous permettent pas de saisir.
title: Strategies for Increasing Methane Removal in Methanotroph Bench-scale Systems for the Production of Ectoine
Creators: name: Storrer, Jaden
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2025

description: Anthropogenic methane emissions contribute to the greenhouse gas profile which is the chief cause of climate change. One significant source of methane emissions is biogas produced from bacteria in wastewater facilities and landfills. Methane rich biogas has the potential to be valorized into high value bioproducts by using methanotrophs (microbes that use methane as their primary carbon source). Methylotuvimicrobium alcaliphilum 20Z was selected for this study as it can generate ectoine when grown in highly saline environments. Ectoine has been proven to have many benefits such as it prevents protein denaturation, it has hydration properties, and is a UV protectant. For these reasons ectoine is used as a cosmetic ingredient valued at approximately $1000 per kg. Previous research has demonstrated that M. alcaliphilum 20Z can be grown in a reactor set-up where methane is bubbled in and ectoine is successfully collected. One of the biggest challenges of methane valorization into ectoine is the low solubility of methane in water, which decreases the availability of it to the methanotrophic culture. This research analyzed factors such as temperature, bubble diameter, and gas input method to determine if the factors had an effect on methane removal. It was determined that all of the considered factors did indeed have an effect on methane removal.
Improving Combinatorial Ambiguities of ttbar Events Using Neural Networks
Creators: name: Shim, Ji Hyun
name: Lee, Hyun Su
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for resolving the combinatorial issues in the \ttbar lepton+jets events occurring at the Tevatron collider. By incorporating multiple information into an artificial neural network, we introduce a novel event reconstruction method for such events. We find that this method significantly reduces the number of combinatorial ambiguities. Compared to the classical reconstruction method, our method provides significantly higher purity with same efficiency. We illustrate the reconstructed observables for the realistic top-quark mass and the forward-backward asymmetry measurements. A Monte Carlo study shows that our method provides meaningful improvements in the top-quark measurements using same amount of data as other methods.
Landau-Ginzburg models -- old and new
Creators: name: Katzarkov, Ludmil
name: Przyjalkowski, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the last three years a new concept -- the concept of wall crossing has emerged. The current situation with wall crossing phenomena, after papers of Seiberg-Witten, Gaiotto-Moore-Neitzke, Vafa-Cecoti and seminal works by Donaldson-Thomas, Joyce-Song, Maulik-Nekrasov-Okounkov-Pandharipande, Douglas, Bridgeland, and Kontsevich-Soibelman, is very similar to the situation with Higgs Bundles after the works of Higgs and Hitchin -- it is clear that a general "Hodge type" of theory exists and needs to be developed. Nonabelian Hodge theory did lead to strong mathematical applications -- uniformization, Langlands program to mention a few. In the wall crossing is is also clear that some "Hodge type" of theory exists -- Stability Hodge Structure (SHS). This theory needs to be developed in order to reap some mathematical benefits --- solve long standing problems in algebraic geometry. In this paper we look at SHS from the perspective of Landau--Ginzburg models and we look at some applications. We consider simple examples and explain some conjectures these examples suggest.
description: 29 pages; some references are added or updated
Precision spectroscopy with COMPASS and the observation of a new iso-vector resonance
Creators: name: Paul, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the results of a novel partial-wave analysis based on $50\cdot 10^6$ events from the reaction $π^- + p \to π^-π-^π^+ + p_\text{recoil}$ at 190 $\text{GeV/c}$ incoming beam momentum using the COMPASS spectrometer. A separated analysis in bins of $m_{3π}$ and four-momentum transfer $t'$ reveals the interference of resonant and non-resonant particle production and allows their spectral separation. Besides well known resonances we observe a new iso-vector meson $a_1(1420)$ at a mass of 1420 $\text{MEV\c}^2$ in the $f_0(980)π$ final state only, the origin of which is unclear. We have also examined the structure of the $0^{++}$ $ππ$-isobar in the $J^{PC}=0^{-+}, 1^{++}, 2^{-+}$ three pion waves. This clearly reveals the various $0^{++}$ $ππ$-isobar components and its correlation to the decay of light mesons.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Mapping and Classifying Settlement Locations
Creators: Center for International Earth Science Information Network
Flowminder Foundation
United Nations Population Fund
WorldPop, University of Southampton
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Geospatial data
Human settlements
Sustainable development
Economic development

description: “Mapping and Classifying Settlement Locations” discusses GRID3’s work on collecting and analyzing settlements data. GRID3’s settlements work has two areas of focus: creating a comprehensive settlement layer that enables a real-world picture of communities, and using building footprints, geospatial data layers, and machine learning algorithms to classify structures and local areas within settlements. The paper also discusses the applications of GRID3’s methods in Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia. GRID3 works with countries to generate, validate and use geospatial data on population, settlements, infrastructure, and subnational boundaries. For more information, see https://grid3.org/. Keywords: area-level classification; building footprints; comprehensive settlement layer; extent; intra-settlement categorisation; machine learning; polygon layer; point layer; settlement; settlement data; settlement layer; settlement mapping; settlement point; ; GRID3; database schema; geospatial data; neighbourhood classification; open-source; health zones; participatory cartography; GIS; vaccination; immunisation; census; micro-plans; CIESIN; UNFPA; Flowminder; WorldPop; probability model; areal; built-up areas; small settlements; hamlets; hamlet areas; polio; Africa
CAPACITY UTILIZATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE EXPANSION OF NIGERIA'S MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Samuel, O. Nwachukwu
Publisher: name: AYDEN JOURNAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Manufacturing Capacity Utilization, Manufacturing Industry Growth, Nigeria, Food And Beverages, Cement, Oil Refining, Economic Development

description: This study investigated the impact of manufacturing capacity utilization on growth of manufacturing industry in Nigeria from 1995 to 2023. Using an ex-post facto research design, data from the 2023 edition of the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistical bulletin was analysed through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. The study treats aggregate manufacturing sector output as the dependent variable and capacity utilization of food and beverages, cement, and oil refining as independent variables. Findings reveal significant positive impacts of food and beverages sector capacity utilization, a negative but significant impact of cement sector utilization, and a positive significant impact of oil refining sector utilization on manufacturing output in Nigeria. Overall, the study concludes that manufacturing capacity utilization plays a crucial role in manufacturing industry growth in Nigeria. Recommendations include investing in innovative technologies and skills development in the food and beverages sector, regulatory reforms and infrastructure investment in the cement sector, modernizing oil refineries and energy diversification, and strengthening local supply chains to support manufacturing capacity utilization and stimulate industry and economic growth
Energy dependent analysis of eta-meson photoproduction on protons and neutrons without background in the energy region up to 3.4 GeV
Creators: name: Tryasuchev, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.2.2; I.1.2
subject: 12-02

description: Observed for the processes gamma+p arrow eta+p, gamma+n arrow eta+n are calculated throughout the resonance energy region using the single isobar model without a background. The connection between invariant photoexcitation amplitudes of the resonances on neutrons and protons are calculated. The results are discussed in terms of a comparison with experimental data and calculations performed by other authors.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
BASIC SOLUTION OF TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM USING THE CONCEPT OF BEST CANDIDATE METHOD AND ITS COMPARISON WITH OTHER METHODS
Creators: name: ETIFWORK MESSELE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: Transportation problem is one of the classical problems in operational research targeted to

transport a material from various sources to different destinations at a minimum total cost.

This research studies the basic solution of transportation problem using the concept of Best

Candidate Method and compares it with the initial solutions obtained by North-West Corner

Rule, Least Cost Method and Vogel’s Approximation Method. The purpose of this study is to

evaluate the initial basic feasible solution of transportation problem by existing (North-West

Corner, Least Cost, Vogel’s Approximation and Best Candidate) methods, modifying the Best

Candidate Method and comparing the modified Best Candidate Method with existing methods.

To compare the efficiency of the existing heuristic methods with that of modified Best Candidate

Method, computational experiments are performed by randomly selecting seven transportation

problems. The analysis is performed by comparing the average number of iterations required to

produce the optimal solution and percent difference between the initial and the optimal solutions

.The result of the this study shows that modified Best Candidate Method is better than existing

methods in providing the initial basic feasible solution and gives optimal solution in less number

of iterations when compared with the existing method. In some cases the Modified Best Candidate

Method gives a combination such that the initial basic feasible solution is itself the optimal

solution of the problem.
Almost sure optimal hedging strategy
Creators: name: Gobet, Emmanuel
name: Landon, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, we study the optimal discretization error of stochastic integrals, in the context of the hedging error in a multidimensional Itô model when the discrete rebalancing dates are stopping times. We investigate the convergence, in an almost sure sense, of the renormalized quadratic variation of the hedging error, for which we exhibit an asymptotic lower bound for a large class of stopping time strategies. Moreover, we make explicit a strategy which asymptotically attains this lower bound a.s. Remarkably, the results hold under great generality on the payoff and the model. Our analysis relies on new results enabling us to control a.s. processes, stochastic integrals and related increments.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AAP959 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
title: My womb is tired: a socio-legal perspective of the reproductive autonomy of women in south-west Nigeria with a focus on abortion
Creators: name: Aderibigbe, Titilayo Oyenihun
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: The patriarchal colonial Nigerian society evaluated women’s importance to society by the reproductive proclivity of their wombs. Women’s wombs became a blessing and a burden in that their individual autonomous rights became subsumed into their procreative ability. This value judgement finds expression in the abortion law that no longer meets the needs of contemporary women. Women historically controlled their reproduction within the patriarchal system to their advantage, but colonisation re-defined women’s status within society taking away their reproductive autonomy and other rights. Women have since found it expedient to take back those rights by choosing abortion despite it’s unlawfulness and to their disadvantage. Procuring illegal abortion affects women’s health adversely, but a law that meets their reproductive and other social needs will prevent the hazard. Earlier findings on abortion in Nigeria and the empirical data reported within it have been conducted in a hospital environment. They have focused on the prevalence of abortion within a specific population. However, this thesis goes further by examining the historical foundation of the socio-cultural attitudes to women’s sexuality and reproductive autonomy. In doing so, it argues for a legal framework that gives women control of their reproduction through the amendment of the abortion law to meet the reproductive needs of contemporary women. The study includes an empirical element conducted in Nigeria involving questionnaires; observations; focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with a representative population sample. The empirical data highlights specific areas of the law that need to be addressed to make it socio-culturally acceptable. Giving women the right to choose abortion would be an acknowledgement of the constitutionally guaranteed autonomous rights of women, which they traditionally exercised, but which were taken away by colonialism and patriarchy. This thesis challenges the State to encompass abortion choice within its reproductive, sexual health and population policy.
Comparison of probabilistic post-processing approaches for improving numerical weather prediction-based daily and weekly reference evapotranspiration forecasts
Creators: name: Medina, Hanoi
name: Tian, Di
Publisher: name: European Geosciences Union
Year: 2020
Subjects: quantitative precipitation forecasts

description: Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) forecasts play an important role in agricultural, environmental, and water management. This study evaluated probabilistic post-processing approaches, including the nonhomogeneous Gaussian regression (NGR), affine kernel dressing (AKD), and Bayesian model averaging (BMA) techniques, for improving daily and weekly ET0 forecasting based on single or multiple numerical weather predictions (NWPs) from the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE), which includes the European Centre for Medium- Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS), and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) forecasts. The approaches were examined for the forecasting of summer ET0 at 101 US Regional Climate Reference Network stations distributed all over the contiguous United States (CONUS). We found that the NGR, AKD, and BMA methods greatly improved the skill and reliability of the ET0 forecasts compared with a linear regression bias correction method, due to the considerable adjustments in the spread of ensemble forecasts. The methods were especially effective when applied over the raw NCEP forecasts, followed by the raw UKMO forecasts, because of their low skill compared with that of the raw ECMWF forecasts. The post-processed weekly forecasts had much lower rRMSE values (between 8 % and 11 %) than the persistence-based weekly forecasts (22 %) and the post-processed daily forecasts (between 13 % and 20 %). Compared with the single-model ensemble, ET0 forecasts based on ECMWF multi-model ensemble ET0 forecasts showed higher skill at shorter lead times (1 or 2 d) and over the southern and western regions of the US. The improvement was higher at a daily timescale than at a weekly timescale. The NGR and AKD methods showed the best performance; however, unlike the AKD method, the NGR method can post-process multi-model forecasts and is easier to interpret than the other methods. In summary, this study demonstrated that the three probabilistic approaches generally outperform conventional procedures based on the simple bias correction of single-model forecasts, with the NGR post-processing of the ECMWF and ECMWF–UKMO forecasts providing the most cost-effective ET0 forecasting.
A Measurement of the Kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Signal Toward MACS J0717.5+3745
Creators: name: Sayers, Jack
name: Mroczkowski, Tony
name: Zemcov, Michael
name: Korngut, Phil M.
name: Bock, James
name: Bulbul, Esra
name: Czakon, Nicole G.
name: Egami, Eiichi
name: Golwala, Sunil R.
name: Koch, Patrick M.
name: Lin, Kai-Yang
name: Mantz, Adam
name: Molnar, Sandor M.
name: Moustakas, Leonidas
name: Pierpaoli, Elena
name: Rawle, Tim D.
name: Reese, Erik D.
name: Rex, Marie
name: Shitanishi, Jennifer A.
name: Siegel, Seth
name: Umetsu, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report our analysis of MACS J0717.5+3745 using 140 and 268 GHz Bolocam data collected at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. We detect extended Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect signal at high significance in both Bolocam bands, and we employ Herschel-SPIRE observations to subtract the signal from dusty background galaxies in the 268 GHz data. We constrain the two-band SZ surface brightness toward two of the sub-clusters of MACS J0717.5+3745: the main sub-cluster (named C), and a sub-cluster identified in spectroscopic optical data to have a line-of-sight velocity of +3200 km/s (named B). We determine the surface brightness in two separate ways: via fits of parametric models and via direct integration of the images. For both sub-clusters, we find consistent surface brightnesses from both analysis methods. We constrain spectral templates consisting of relativistically corrected thermal and kinetic SZ signals, using a jointly-derived electron temperature from Chandra and XMM-Newton under the assumption that each sub-cluster is isothermal. The data show no evidence for a kinetic SZ signal toward sub-cluster C, but they do indicate a significant kinetic SZ signal toward sub-cluster B. The model-derived surface brightnesses for sub-cluster B yield a best-fit line-of-sight velocity of v_z = +3450 +- 900 km/s, with (1 - Prob[v_z > 0]) = 1.3 x 10^-5 (4.2 sigma away from 0 for a Gaussian distribution). The directly integrated sub-cluster B SZ surface brightnesses provide a best-fit v_z = +2550 +- 1050 km/s, with (1 - Prob[v_z > 0]) = 2.2 x 10^-3 (2.9 sigma).
description: Published in ApJ
NeoR, a near-infrared absorbing rhodopsin
Creators: name: Broser, Matthias
name: Spreen, Anika
name: Konold, Patrick E.
name: Peter, Enrico
name: Adam, Suliman
name: Borin, Veniamin
name: Schapiro, Igor
name: Seifert, Reinhard
name: Kennis, John
name: Bernal Sierra, Yinth Andrea
name: Hegemann, Peter
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik

description: The Rhizoclosmatium globosum genome encodes three rhodopsin-guanylyl cyclases (RGCs), which are predicted to facilitate visual orientation of the fungal zoospores. Here, we show that RGC1 and RGC2 function as light-activated cyclases only upon heterodimerization with RGC3 (NeoR). RGC1/2 utilize conventional green or blue-light-sensitive rhodopsins (λmax = 550 and 480 nm, respectively), with short-lived signaling states, responsible for light-activation of the enzyme. The bistable NeoR is photoswitchable between a near-infrared-sensitive (NIR, λmax = 690 nm) highly fluorescent state (QF = 0.2) and a UV-sensitive non-fluorescent state, thereby modulating the activity by NIR pre-illumination. No other rhodopsin has been reported so far to be functional as a heterooligomer, or as having such a long wavelength absorption or high fluorescence yield. Site-specific mutagenesis and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations support the idea that the unusual photochemical properties result from the rigidity of the retinal chromophore and a unique counterion triad composed of two glutamic and one aspartic acids. These findings substantially expand our understanding of the natural potential and limitations of spectral tuning in rhodopsin photoreceptors.
Efficiency of biofilm removal by combination of water jet and cold plasma: an in-vitro study
Creators: name: Matthes, Rutger
name: Jablonowski, Lukasz
name: Pitchika, Vinay
name: Holtfreter, Birte
name: Eberhard, Christian
name: Seifert, Leo
name: Gerling, Torsten
name: Vilardell Scholten, Laura
name: Schlüter, Rabea
name: Kocher, Thomas
Publisher: name: London : BioMed Central
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biofilm
subject: Cold plasma
subject: Peri-implantitis
subject: Titanium surface
subject: Water jet
subject: 610

description: Background: Peri-implantitis therapy is a major problem in implantology. Because of challenging rough implant surface and implant geometry, microorganisms can hide and survive in implant microstructures and impede debridement. We developed a new water jet (WJ) device and a new cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) device to overcome these problems and investigated aspects of efficacy in vitro and safety with the aim to create the prerequisites for a clinical pilot study with these medical devices. Methods: We compared the efficiency of a single treatment with a WJ or curette and cotton swab (CC) without or with adjunctive use of CAP (WJ + CAP, CC + CAP) to remove biofilm in vitro from rough titanium discs. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by measuring turbidity up to 72 h for bacterial re-growth or spreading of osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) after 5 days with scanning electron microscopy. With respect to application safety, the WJ and CAP instruments were examined according to basic regulations for medical devices. Results: After 96 h of incubation all WJ and CC treated disks were turbid but 67% of WJ + CAP and 46% CC + CAP treated specimens were still clear. The increase in turbidity after WJ treatment was delayed by about 20 h compared to CC treatment. In combination with CAP the cell coverage significantly increased to 82% (WJ + CAP) or 72% (CC + CAP), compared to single treatment 11% (WJ) or 10% (CC). Conclusion: The newly developed water jet device effectively removes biofilm from rough titanium surfaces in vitro and, in combination with the new CAP device, biologically acceptable surfaces allow osteoblasts to grow. WJ in combination with CAP leads to cleaner surfaces than the usage of curette and cotton swabs with or without subsequent plasma treatment. Our next step will be a clinical pilot study with these new devices to assess the clinical healing process.
Quasielastic electron-deuteron scattering in the weak binding approximation
Creators: name: Ethier, J. J.
name: Doshi, N.
name: Malace, S.
name: Melnitchouk, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a global analysis of all available electron-deuteron quasielastic scattering data using Q^2-dependent smearing functions that describe inclusive inelastic e-d scattering within the weak binding approximation. We study the dependence of the cross sections on the deuteron wave function and the off-shell extrapolation of the elastic electron-nucleon cross sections, which show particular sensitivity at x >> 1. The excellent overall agreement with data over a large range of Q^2 and x suggests a limited need for effects beyond the impulse approximation, with the possible exception of the very high-x or very low-Q^2 regions, where short-distance effects or scattering from non-nucleonic constituents in the deuteron become more relevant.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures
Filamentation of ultrashort laser pulses in silica glass and KDP crystal: A comparative study
Creators: name: Rolle, Jérémie
name: Bergé, Luc
name: Duchateau, Guillaume
name: Skupin, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ionizing 800-nm femtosecond laser pulses propagating in silica glass and in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal are investigated by means of a unidirectional pulse propagation code. Filamentation in fused silica is compared with the self-channeling of light in KDP accounting for the presence of defect states and electron-hole dynamics. In KDP, laser pulses produce intense filaments with higher clamping intensities up to 200 TW/cm$^2$ and longer plasma channels with electron densities above $10^{16}$ cm$^{-3}$. Despite these differences, the propagation dynamics in silica and KDP are almost identical at equivalent ratios of input power over the critical power for self-focusing.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Consequences of nano and microplastic exposure in rodent models: the known and unknown
Creators: name: Da Silva Brito, Walison Augusto
name: Mutter, Fiona
name: Wende, Kristian
name: Cecchini, Alessandra Lourenco
name: Schmidt, Anke
name: Bekeschus, Sander
Publisher: name: London : BioMed Central
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Animal
subject: Environment
subject: Mice
subject: Particles
subject: Polymers
subject: Rats
subject: Toxicity
subject: 610

description: The ubiquitous nature of micro- (MP) and nanoplastics (NP) is a growing environmental concern. However, their potential impact on human health remains unknown. Research increasingly focused on using rodent models to understand the effects of exposure to individual plastic polymers. In vivo data showed critical exposure effects depending on particle size, polymer, shape, charge, concentration, and exposure routes. Those effects included local inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disruption, leading to gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, reproduction disorders, and neurotoxic effects. This review distillates the current knowledge regarding rodent models exposed to MP and NP with different experimental designs assessing biodistribution, bioaccumulation, and biological responses. Rodents exposed to MP and NP showed particle accumulation in several tissues. Critical responses included local inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to microbiota dysbiosis, metabolic, hepatic, and reproductive disorders, and diseases exacerbation. Most studies used MP and NP commercially provided and doses higher than found in environmental exposure. Hence, standardized sampling techniques and improved characterization of environmental MP and NP are needed and may help in toxicity assessments of relevant particle mixtures, filling knowledge gaps in the literature.
Well-balanced high order schemes on non-uniform grids and entropy residuals
Creators: name: Puppo, Gabriella
name: Semplice, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M08, 76M12

description: This paper is concerned with the construction of high order schemes on irregular grids for balance laws, including a discussion of an a-posteriori error indicator based on the numerical entropy production. We also impose well-balancing on non uniform grids for the shallow water equations, which can be extended similarly to other cases, obtaining schemes up to fourth order of accuracy with very weak assumptions on the regularity of the grid. Our results show the expected convergence rates, the correct propagation of shocks across grid discontinuities and demonstrate the improved resolution achieved with a locally refined non-uniform grid. The error indicator based on the numerical entropy production, previously introduced for the case of systems of conservation laws, is extended to balance laws. Its decay rate and its ability to identify discontinuities is illustrated on several tests. The schemes proposed in this work naturally can also be applied to systems of conservation laws.
Multiple-choice SQL Misconceptions Instrument (MSMI1)
Creators: name: Miedema, Daphne
name: Liut, Michael
name: Aivaloglou, Efthimia
name: Fletcher, George
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education
classificationCode: 390113
subject: Science, technology and engineering curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 460505
subject: Database systems

description: After recent research has identified student misconceptions for SQL, the authors of this document have worked on developing questions to identify whether students hold these misconceptions. Through a five-step process, we created a set of 20 questions (10 pairs), which can be used to identify 10 different SQL misconceptions.
 In this document, we present each of the ten misconceptions through a small introduction. Then, we share the pair of questions. The document also includes a question ordering that we suggest, if you want to use this instrument in your classroom.
 For each question, there is an indication of which answer(s) are correct, which represent misconceptions, and which are other (distracting) erroneous answers. Please note that all answers can be shuffled, they are presented in random order.