cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generation and Decay of Two-Dimensional Quantum Turbulence in a Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Stagg, G. W.
name: Allen, A. J.
name: Parker, N. G.
name: Barenghi, C. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent experiment, Kwon et. al (arXiv:1403.4658 [cond-mat.quant-gas]) generated a disordered state of quantum vortices by translating an oblate Bose-Einstein condensate past a laser-induced obstacle and studying the subsequent decay of vortex number. Using mean-field simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we shed light on the various stages of the observed dynamics. We find that the flow of the superfluid past the obstacle leads initially to the formation of a classical-like wake, which later becomes disordered. Following removal of the obstacle, the vortex number decays due to vortices annihilating and reaching the boundary. Our results are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations. Furthermore, we probe thermal effects through phenomenological dissipation.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Diagnosing Mass Flows Around Herbig Ae/Be Stars Using the He I 10830 Line
Creators: name: Cauley, P. Wilson
name: Johns-Krull, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine He I 10830 profile morphologies for a sample of 56 Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAEBES). We find significant differences between HAEBES and CTTSs in the statistics of both blue-shifted absorption (i.e. mass outflows) and red-shifted absorption features (i.e. mass infall or accretion). Our results suggest that, in general, Herbig Be (HBe) stars do not accrete material from their inner disks in the same manner as CTTSs, which are believed to accrete material via magnetospheric accretion, while Herbig Ae (HAe) stars generally show evidence for magnetospheric accretion. We find no evidence in our sample of narrow blue--shifted absorption features which are typical indicators of inner disk winds and are common in He I 10830 profiles of CTTSs. The lack of inner disk wind signatures in HAEBES, combined with the paucity of detected magnetic fields on these objects, suggests that accretion through large magnetospheres which truncate the disk several stellar radii above the surface is not as common for HAe and late-type HBe stars as it is for CTTSs. Instead, evidence is found for smaller magnetospheres in the maximum red-shifted absorption velocities in our HAEBE sample. These velocities are, on average, a smaller fraction of the system escape velocity than is found for CTTSs, suggesting accretion is taking place closer to the star. Smaller magnetospheres, and evidence for boundary layer accretion in HBe stars, may explain the less common occurrence of red--shifted absorption in HAEBES. Evidence is found that smaller magnetospheres may be less efficient at driving outflows compared to CTTS magnetospheres.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables
Grundzüge der narrativen Strukturen im Romanwerk von Charles Dickens am Beispiel des Mystery-Plots
Creators: name: Tittel, Hildegard
Publisher: name: Universität Bielefeld
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 820

description: Ziel der Dissertation ist es, die narrativen Strukturen und Strategien, die das Romanwerk von Dickens charakterisieren, anhand der Romane Oliver Twist, Bleak House, Great Expectations und Our Mutual Friend, die als paradigmatisch angesehen werden, zu untersuchen und ihre Wirkungsästhetik herauszuarbeiten. Da die meisten Romane von Dickens einen Mystery-Plot gestalten, geht die Untersuchung von diesem aus. Der Mystery-Plot wird als 'pars pro toto' gesehen für eine Untersuchung, die auf eine gezielte Leserinvolvierung angelegt ist, denn er ist besonders geeignet, die von Dickens beabsichtigte kognitive wie emotionale Berührung des Lesers zu zeigen. Zudem lässt die Studie erkennen, worin die ungebrochene Modernität des Romanwerks von Dickens liegt.
Glacial cycles drive variations in the production of oceanic crust
Creators: name: Crowley, John W.
name: Katz, Richard F.
name: Huybers, Peter J.
name: Langmuir, Charles H.
name: Park, Sung-Hyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glacial cycles redistribute water between oceans and continents causing pressure changes in the upper mantle, with consequences for melting of Earth's interior. Using Plio-Pleistocene sea-level variations as a forcing function, theoretical models of mid-ocean ridge dynamics that include melt transport predict temporal variations in crustal thickness of hundreds of meters. New bathymetry from the Australian-Antarctic ridge shows significant spectral energy near the Milankovitch periods of 23, 41, and 100 ky, consistent with model predictions. These results suggest that abyssal hills, one of the most common bathymetric features on Earth, record the magmatic response to changes in sea level. The models and data support a link between glacial cycles at the surface and mantle melting at depth, recorded in the bathymetric fabric of the sea floor.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures (including supplementary information). Resubmitted to Science on 12 December 2014
Notes on Derivation of 'Generalized Gravitational Entropy'
Creators: name: Fursaev, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An alternative derivation of generalized gravitational entropy associated to co-dimension 2 'entangling' hypersurfaces is given. The approach is similar to the Jacobson-Myers 'Hamiltonian' method and it does not require computations on manifolds with conical singularities. It is demonstrated that the entangling surfaces should be extrema of the entropy functional. When our approach is applied to Lovelock theories of gravity the generalized entropy formula coincides with results derived by other methods.
description: 9 pages, discussion of singularities in (3.1) is corrected
Fluid dynamics of aortic root dilation in Marfan syndrome
Creators: name: Querzoli, Giorgio
name: Fortini, Stefania
name: Espa, Stefania
name: Costantini, Martina
name: Sorgini, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aortic root dilation and propensity to dissection are typical manifestations of the Marfan Syndrome (MS), a genetic defect leading to the degeneration of the elastic fibres. Dilation affects the structure of the flow and, in turn, altered flow may play a role in vessel dilation, generation of aneurysms, and dissection. The aim of the present work is the investigation in-vitro of the fluid dynamic modifications occurring as a consequence of the morphological changes typically induced in the aortic root by MS. A mock-loop reproducing the left ventricle outflow tract and the aortic root was used to measure time resolved velocity maps on a longitudinal symmetry plane of the aortic root. Two dilated model aortas, designed to resemble morphological characteristics typically observed in MS patients, have been compared to a reference, healthy geometry. The aortic model was designed to quantitatively reproduce the change of aortic distensibility caused by MS. Results demonstrate that vorticity released from the valve leaflets, and possibly accumulating in the root, plays a fundamental role in redirecting the systolic jet issued from the aortic valve. The altered systolic flow also determines a different residual flow during the diastole.
description: Accepted version
p-air production cross-section and uncorrelated mini-jets processes in pp-scattering
Creators: name: Fagundes, D. A.
name: Grau, A.
name: Pancheri, G.
name: Srivastava, Y. N.
name: Shekhovtsova, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the p-air production cross-section, we use a Glauber formalism which inputs the pp inelastic cross-section from a mini-jet model embedded in a single-channel eikonal expression, which provides the needed contribution of uncorrelated processes. It is then shown that current LO parton density functions for the pp mini-jet cross-sections, with a rise tempered by collinearity induced by soft gluon re-summation, are well suited to reproduce recent cosmic ray results. By comparing results for GRV, MRST72 and MSTW parametrizations, we estimate the uncertainty related to the low-x behavior of these densities.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Proceedings of ISMD2014, 8-12 September 2014, Bologna, Italy
Advancements in high-resolution 3D microscopy analysis of endosomal morphology in postmortem Alzheimer’s disease brains
Creators: name: Mishra, Swati
name: Kirkland, Amanda
name: Garden, Gwenn A.
name: Jayadev, Suman
name: Rose, Shannon E.
name: Hailey, Dale W.
name: Young, Jessica E.
name: Williams, C. Andrew
name: Keene, C. Dirk
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media SA
Year: 2024

description: Abnormal endo-lysosomal morphology is an early cytopathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated genes involved in the endo-lysosomal network (ELN) as conferring increased risk for developing sporadic, late-onset AD (LOAD). Characterization of ELN pathology and the underlying pathophysiology is a promising area of translational AD research and drug development. However, rigorous study of ELN vesicles in AD and aged control brains poses a unique constellation of methodological challenges due in part to the small size of these structures and subsequent requirements for high-resolution imaging. Here we provide a detailed protocol for high-resolution 3D morphological quantification of neuronal endosomes in postmortem AD brain tissue, using immunofluorescent staining, confocal imaging with image deconvolution, and Imaris software analysis pipelines. To demonstrate these methods, we present neuronal endosome morphology data from 23 sporadic LOAD donors and one aged non-AD control donor. The techniques described here were developed across a range of AD neuropathology to best optimize these methods for future studies with large cohorts. Application of these methods in research cohorts will help advance understanding of ELN dysfunction and cytopathology in sporadic AD.
Social Networks, Promotions, and the Glass-Ceiling Effect
Creators: name: Neugart, Michael
name: Zaharieva, Anna
Publisher: name: Bielefeld University, Department of Business Administration and Economics
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 330
subject: glass-ceiling effect
subject: networks
subject: discrimination
subject: theory of the firm
subject: promotions
subject: search-and-matching labor market

description: Empirical studies show that female workers are under-represented in highest hierarchical positions of companies, which is known as the glass-ceiling effect. In this study we investigate the relationship between social networks and the glass-ceiling effect. Specifically, we develop an equilibrium search and matching model where job ladders consist of three hierarchical levels and social networks are generated endogenously. Male and female workers move up in the hierarchical ladder via job-to-job transitions between firms and internal promotions within firms. They also accumulate experience which is a necessary requirement for applying to jobs in the highest hierarchical level. Open vacancies can be filled by formal matching of applicants to jobs or by referrals, which implies that senior workers recommend their social contacts for the job. Social networks exhibit gender homophily, which reflects the fact that social ties are more likely to be formed between workers of the same gender. In a setting when female workers are the minority, there are too few female contacts in the social networks of their male colleagues. This disadvantage implies that female workers are refereed less often for the jobs and under-represented in senior hierarchical positions of firms. We show that referrals via homophilous social networks can explain part of the total wage gap stemming from the glass-ceiling effect in Germany (6:4%). This mechanism is amplified by more hierarchical firm structures, stronger clustering of social networks, and earlier promotion times.
Born-Infeld Gravity with a Massless Graviton in Four Dimensions
Creators: name: Gullu, Ibrahim
name: Sisman, Tahsin Cagri
name: Tekin, Bayram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct Born-Infeld (BI) type gravity theories which describe tree-level unitary (non-ghost and non-tachyonic) massless spin-2 modes around their maximally symmetric vacua in four dimensions. Building unitary BI actions around flat vacuum is straightforward; but, this is a complicated task around (anti)-de Sitter backgrounds. In this work, we solve the issue and give details of constructing perturbatively viable determinantal BI theories. It is interesting that the Gauss-Bonnet combination, which is a total derivative in four dimensions, plays an important role in the construction of viable BI theories.
description: 46 pages, references added
Quark ensembles with infinite correlation length
Creators: name: Molodtsov, S. V.
name: Zinovjev, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By studying quark ensembles with infinite correlation length we formulate the quantum field theory model that, as we show, is exactly integrable and develops an instability of its standard vacuum ensemble (the Dirac sea). We argue such an instability is rooted in high ground state degeneracy (for 'realistic' space-time dimensions) featuring a fairly specific form of energy distribution, and with the cutoff parameter going to infinity this inherent energy distribution becomes infinitely narrow and leads to large (unlimited) fluctuations. Analysing some possible vacuum ensembles such as the Dirac sea, neutral ensemble, color superconducting and BCS states we find out the strong arguments in favor of the BCS state as the ground state of color interacting quark ensemble.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, some corrections, minor improvements, with one new figure and some new references
title: Оценка предпринимательского потенциала в современных странах
title: Assessment of Entrepreneurial Potential in Modern Countries
Creators: name: Пиньковецкая, Юлия Семеновна
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2020

description: Предпринимательский потенциал населения во многом определяется тем, как взрослые люди оценивают свои интенции в части создания собственного бизнеса. Целью исследования являлась оценка сложившихся в 2018 году показателей, характеризующих потенциальную предпринимательскую активность населения в различных странах. В качестве оцениваемых показателей были рассмотрены самооценки людей по таким факторам, как наличие у них возможностей и способностей к созданию собственного бизнеса, предпринимательских намерений, боязни неудачи в этой деятельности, а также наличие знакомых предпринимателей. В исследовании использовалась информация проекта «Глобальный мониторинг предпринимательства» за 2018 год по 48 странам. Тестировались три гипотезы с использованием математических моделей, представляющих собой функции плотности нормального распределения. По пяти показателям, характеризующим предпринимательский потенциал, были определены их средние значения по рассматриваемым странам. Выявлены страны с высокими и низкими значениями показателей. Проведен сравнительный анализ предпринимательского потенциала в России и зарубежных странах.
description: The entrepreneurial potential of the population is largely determined by how adults evaluate their intentions in terms of creating their own business. The purpose of the study is to assess the existing indicators in 2018 that characterize the potential entrepreneurial activity of the population in different countries. The self-assessment of people on such factors as their ability and possibility to create their own businesses, entrepreneurial purposes, fear of failure, as well as the presence of familiar entrepreneurs are considered as the estimated indicators. The information from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for 48 countries in 2018 is used. Three hypotheses using mathematical models representing the density functions of the normal distribution are tested. Five indicators of entrepreneurial potential are used to determine their average values for the countries under consideration. Countries with high and low values are identified. A comparative analysis of the entrepreneurial potential in the Russian Federation and foreign countries is carried out.
Negotiating desires and options: How mothers who carry the fragile X gene experience reproductive decisions
Creators: name: Raspberry, Kelly Amanda
name: Skinner, Debra
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: This paper contributes an empirically-based analysis of how women negotiate reproductive desires and constructions of risk in light of genetic information for a single gene disorder with known inheritance patterns. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and female carriers have a 50% probability with each pregnancy of transmitting the FX gene. We present data from interviews conducted with 108 mothers across the U.S. who participated in a longitudinal, mixed methods study on family adaptations to FXS and who have at least one child with FXS. Women’s accounts of their reproductive desires, actions, and reasoning indicate that the known 50% risk of transmitting the FX gene was a powerful deterrent to attempting to have more children through unmediated pregnancy. The majority (77%) decided not to have any more biological children after carrier diagnosis. This decision often required revising previous plans for how many children they would have, how and when they would have them, and what kind of mothers they would be. However, genetic risk was not a primary consideration in the reproductive calculations of 22 women who chose to continue planned and unplanned unmediated pregnancies. Though women’s reproductive negotiations are constrained by medical discourse and practices, they are also unpredictable and emerge out of lived experiences and sometimes ambivalent ways of reckoning. While increased availability and accuracy of genetic information and testing contribute to certain forms of family planning that prioritize genetic risk management, we also find that some families call upon alternative understandings and desires for making a family to articulate genetic risk and negotiate their reproductive futures.
Grossberg-Karshon twisted cubes and hesitant walk avoidance
Creators: name: Harada, Megumi
name: Lee, Eunjeong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be a complex semisimple simply connected linear algebraic group. Let $λ$ be a dominant weight for $G$ and $\mathcal{I} = (i_1, i_2, \ldots, i_n)$ a word decomposition for an element $w = s_{i_1} s_{i_2} \cdots s_{i_n}$ of the Weyl group of $G$, where the $s_i$ are the simple reflections. In the 1990s, Grossberg and Karshon introduced a virtual lattice polytope associated to $λ$ and $\mathcal{I}$, which they called a twisted cube, whose lattice points encode (counted with sign according to a density function) characters of representations of $G$. In recent work, the first author and Jihyeon Yang prove that the Grossberg-Karshon twisted cube is untwisted (so the support of the density function is a closed convex polytope) precisely when a certain torus-invariant divisor on a toric variety, constructed from the data of $λ$ and $\mathcal{I}$, is basepoint-free. This corresponds to the situation in which the Grossberg-Karshon character formula is a true combinatorial formula in the sense that there are no terms appearing with a minus sign. In this note, we translate this toric-geometric condition to the combinatorics of $\mathcal{I}$ and $λ$. More precisely, we introduce the notion of hesitant $λ$-walks and then prove that the associated Grossberg-Karshon twisted cube is untwisted precisely when $\mathcal{I}$ is hesitant-$λ$-walk-avoiding.
description: 11 pages
Functional design options for the SENSEI Platform and smart services
Creators: name: Prior, Sara
name: Fernández, Manuel
name: Heras, José J. de las
name: Ramiro, Manuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: pay-for-performance
energy efficiency

description: This deliverable aims at describing the SENSEI platform from a perspective that illustrates how the smart services developed in the project, specifically by WP4 The P4P Schemes from the Energy System Perspective, WP5, P4P schemes to compensate energy efficiency as an energy resource, and WP6, P4P schemes to engage third party investors in energy efficiency, can be implemented in a real scenario and used by different actors.
Highly textured oxypnictide superconducting thin films on metal substrates
Creators: name: Iida, Kazumasa
name: Kurth, Fritz
name: Chihara, Masashi
name: Sumiya, Naoki
name: Grinenko, Vadim
name: Ichinose, Ataru
name: Tsukada, Ichiro
name: Hänisch, Jens
name: Matias, Vladimir
name: Hatano, Takafumi
name: Holzapfel, Bernhard
name: Ikuta, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Highly textured NdFeAs(O,F) thin films have been grown on ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD)-MgO/Y2O3/Hastelloy substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The oxypnictide coated conductors showed a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of 43 K with a self-field critical current density (Jc) of 7.0 x 104 A/cm2 at 5 K, more than 20 times higher than powder-in-tube processed SmFeAs(O,F) wires. Albeit higher Tc as well as better crystalline quality than Co-doped BaFe2As2 coated conductors, in-field Jc of NdFeAs(O,F) was lower than that of Co-doped BaFe2As2. These results suggest that grain boundaries in oxypnictides reduce Jc significantly compared to that in Co-doped BaFe2As2 and, hence biaxial texture is necessary for high Jc.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Neighborhood conditions are associated with maternal health behaviors and pregnancy outcomes
Creators: name: Evenson, K.R.
name: Messer, L.C.
name: Vinikoor-Imler, L.C.
name: Laraia, B.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Women residing in neighborhoods of low socioeconomic status are more likely to experience adverse reproductive outcomes; however, few studies explore which specific neighborhood features are associated with poor maternal health behaviors and pregnancy outcomes. Based upon our conceptual model, directly observed street-level data from four North Carolina US counties were used to create five neighborhood indices: physical incivilities (neighborhood degradation), social spaces (public space for socializing), walkability (walkable neighborhoods), borders (property boundaries), and arterial features (traffic safety). Singleton birth records (2001–2005) were obtained from the North Carolina State Center for Vital Statistics and maternal health behavior information (smoking, inadequate or excessive weight gain) and pregnancy outcomes (pregnancy-induced hypertension/pre-eclampsia, low birthweight, preterm birth) were abstracted. Race-stratified random effect models were used to estimate associations between neighborhood indices and women’s reproductive behaviors and outcomes. In adjusted models, higher amounts of physical incivilities were positively associated with maternal smoking and inadequate weight gain, while walkability was associated with lower odds of these maternal health behaviors. Social spaces were also associated with inadequate weight gain during pregnancy. Among pregnancy outcomes, high levels of physical incivilities were consistently associated with all adverse pregnancy outcomes, and high levels of walkability were inversely associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension and preterm birth for Non-Hispanic white women only. None of the indices were associated with adverse birth outcomes for Non-Hispanic black women. In conclusion, certain neighborhood conditions were associated with maternal health behaviors and pregnancy outcomes.
Hidden Quantum Markov Models and Open Quantum Systems with Instantaneous Feedback
Creators: name: Clark, Lewis A.
name: Huang, Wei
name: Barlow, Thomas M.
name: Beige, Almut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hidden Markov Models are widely used in classical computer science to model stochastic processes with a wide range of applications. This paper concerns the quantum analogues of these machines --- so-called Hidden Quantum Markov Models (HQMMs). Using the properties of Quantum Physics, HQMMs are able to generate more complex random output sequences than their classical counterparts, even when using the same number of internal states. They are therefore expected to find applications as quantum simulators of stochastic processes. Here, we emphasise that open quantum systems with instantaneous feedback are examples of HQMMs, thereby identifying a novel application of quantum feedback control.
description: 10 Pages, proceedings for the Interdisciplinary Symposium on Complex Systems in Florence, September 2014, minor corrections
Cell fate reprogramming by control of intracellular network dynamics
Creators: name: Zañudo, Jorge G. T.
name: Albert, Réka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying control strategies for biological networks is paramount for practical applications that involve reprogramming a cell's fate, such as disease therapeutics and stem cell reprogramming. Here we develop a novel network control framework that integrates the structural and functional information available for intracellular networks to predict control targets. Formulated in a logical dynamic scheme, our approach drives any initial state to the target state with 100% effectiveness and needs to be applied only transiently for the network to reach and stay in the desired state. We illustrate our method's potential to find intervention targets for cancer treatment and cell differentiation by applying it to a leukemia signaling network and to the network controlling the differentiation of helper T cells. We find that the predicted control targets are effective in a broad dynamic framework. Moreover, several of the predicted interventions are supported by experiments.
description: 61 pages (main text, 15 pages; supporting information, 46 pages) and 12 figures (main text, 6 figures; supporting information, 6 figures). In review
"I told myself, be bold and go and test": Motivators and barriers to HIV testing among gay, bisexual, and other cis-gender men who have sex with men in Ghana ‒ West Africa
Creators: name: Nelson, LaRon E.
name: Amuah, Samuel
name: Zigah, Edem Yaw
name: Nyblade, Laura
name: Amu-Adu, Prince
name: Stockton, Melissa
name: Torpey, Kwasi
name: Abu-Ba’are, Gamji Rabiu
name: Amoh-Otoo, Richard Panix
name: Aidoo-Frimpong, Gloria
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2024

description: Despite a disproportionately high burden of HIV, GBMSM in Ghana and sub-Saharan Africa often delay testing until the point of illness. However, limited studies examine factors that affect their participation in testing. We used qualitative in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to collect insights into experiences, motivators, and barriers to HIV testing among GBMSM. Two community-based organizations used snowball and convenience sampling to recruit 10 GBMSM for IDIs and 8 to 12 for FGDs. We transcribed, coded, identified, and analyzed the relationship and commonalities between the participants’ responses. Under experiences with testing, 1) fear of HIV infection created a stressful HIV testing experience, and 2) a friendly and supportive healthcare environment facilitated a positive experience in healthcare facilities. Motivators or facilitators of testing include 1) the perception or belief that HIV testing is an HIV prevention strategy; 2) encouragement from friends and peers; 3) understanding risk associated with certain sexual behaviors; 4) education or information on HIV; 5) access to free testing and incentives; 6) early symptoms and provider recommendation. Barriers to HIV testing include 1) negative community perceptions of HIV; 2) individual-level low-risk perception or indifference about HIV infection; 3) health system issues; 5) Perceived stigma at healthcare facilities. The findings point to the need to address critical issues around stigma, education, peer support, and healthcare resources through interventions and research to improve HIV testing among GBMSM in the country.
Neighborhood socioeconomic status predictors of physical activity through young to middle adulthood: The CARDIA study
Creators: name: Kiefe, Catarina I.
name: Gordon-Larsen, Penny
name: Diez Roux, Ana V.
name: Boone-Heinonen, Janne
name: Lewis, Cora E.
name: Guilkey, David K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) is related to a wide range of health outcomes, but existing research is dominated by cross-sectional study designs, which are particularly vulnerable to bias by unmeasured characteristics related to both residential location decisions and health-related outcomes. Further, little is known about the mechanisms by which neighborhood SES might influence health. Therefore, we estimated longitudinal relationships between neighborhood SES and physical activity (PA), a theorized mediator of the neighborhood SES-health association. We used data from four years of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (n=5,115, 18–30 years at baseline, 1985–86), a cohort of U.S. young adults followed over 15 years, and a time-varying geographic information system. Using two longitudinal modeling strategies, this is the first study to explicitly examine how the estimated association between neighborhood SES (deprivation) and PA is biased by (a) measured characteristics theorized to influence residential decisions (e.g., controlling for individual SES, marriage, and children in random effects models), and (b) time-invariant, unmeasured characteristics (e.g., controlling for unmeasured motivation to exercise that is constant over time using repeated measures regression modeling, conditioned on the individual). After controlling for sociodemographics (age, sex, race) and individual SES, associations between higher neighborhood deprivation and lower PA were strong and incremental in blacks, but less consistent in whites. Furthermore, adjustment for measured characteristics beyond sociodemographics and individual SES had little influence on the estimated associations; adjustment for unmeasured characteristics attenuated negative associations more strongly in whites than in blacks.
Comparison of multi-fluid moment models with Particle-in-Cell simulations of collisionless magnetic reconnection
Creators: name: Wang, Liang
name: Hakim, Ammar H.
name: Bhattacharjee, A.
name: Germaschewski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an extensible multi-fluid moment model in the context of collisionless magnetic reconnection. This model evolves full Maxwell equations, and simultaneously moments of the Vlasov-Maxwell equation for each species in the plasma. Effects like electron inertia and pressure gradient are self-consistently embedded in the resulting multi-fluid moment equations, without the need to explicitly solving a generalized Ohms's law. Two limits of the multi-fluid moment model are discussed, namely, the five-moment limit that evolves a scalar pressures for each species, and the ten-moment limit that evolves the full anisotropic, non-gyrotropic pressure tensor for each species. We first demonstrate, analytically and numerically, that the five-moment model reduces to the widely used Hall Magnetohydrodynamics (Hall MHD) model under the assumptions of vanishing electron inertia, infinite speed of light, and quasi-neutrality. Then, we compare ten-moment and fully kinetic Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations of a large scale Harris sheet reconnection problem, where the ten-moment equations are closed with a local linear collisionless approximation for the heat flux. The ten-moment simulation gives reasonable agreement with the PIC results regarding the structures and magnitudes of the electron flows, the polarities and magnitudes of elements of the electron pressure tensor, and the decomposition of the generalized Ohm's law. Possible ways to improve the simple local closure towards a nonlocal fully three-dimensional closure are also discussed.
Mesoscopic superconductivity in ultrasmall metallic grains
Creators: name: Alhassid, Y.
name: Nesterov, K. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nano-scale metallic grain (nanoparticle) with irregular boundaries in which the single-particle dynamics are chaotic is a zero-dimensional system described by the so-called universal Hamiltonian in the limit of a large number of electrons. The interaction part of this Hamiltonian includes a superconducting pairing term and a ferromagnetic exchange term. Spin-orbit scattering breaks spin symmetry and suppresses the exchange interaction term. Of particular interest is the fluctuation-dominated regime, typical of the smallest grains in the experiments, in which the bulk pairing gap is comparable to or smaller than the single-particle mean-level spacing, and the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) mean-field theory of superconductivity is no longer valid. Here we study the crossover between the BCS and fluctuation-dominated regimes in two limits. In the absence of spin-orbit scattering, the pairing and exchange interaction terms compete with each other. We describe the signatures of this competition in thermodynamic observables, the heat capacity and spin susceptibility. In the presence of strong spin-orbit scattering, the exchange interaction term can be ignored. We discuss how the magnetic-field response of discrete energy levels in such a nanoparticle is affected by pairing correlations. We identify signatures of pairing correlations in this response, which are detectable even in the fluctuation-dominated regime.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Nuclei and Mesoscopic Physics (NMP14)
Taxing sin and saving lives: Can alcohol taxation reduce female homicides?
Creators: name: Durrance, Christine Piette
name: Golden, Shelley
name: Cook, Philip
name: Perreira, Krista
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: With costs exceeding $5.8 billion per year, violence against women has significant ramifications for victims, their families, the health care systems that treat them, and the employers who depend on their labor. Prior research has found that alcohol abuse contributes to violence against both men and women, and that stringent alcohol control policies can reduce alcohol consumption and in turn some forms of violence. In this paper, we estimate the direct relationship between an important alcohol control measure, excise taxes, and the most extreme form of violence, homicide. We use female homicide rates as our measure of severe violence, as this measure is consistently and accurately reported across multiple years. Our results provide evidence that increased alcohol taxes reduce alcohol consumption and that reductions in alcohol consumption can reduce femicide. Unfortunately, a direct test of the relationship does not have the power to determine whether alcohol taxes effectively reduce female homicide rates. We conclude that while alcohol taxes have been shown to effectively reduce other forms of violence against women, policy makers may need alternative policy levers to reduce the most severe form of violence against women.
Efficiencies of Quantum Optical Detectors
Creators: name: Hogg, Daniel
name: Berry, Dominic W.
name: Lvovsky, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a definition for the efficiency that can be universally applied to all classes of quantum optical detectors. This definition is based on the maximum amount of optical loss that a physically plausible device can experience while still replicating the properties of a given detector. We prove that detector efficiency cannot be increased using linear optical processing. That is, given a set of detectors, as well as arbitrary linear optical elements and ancillary light sources, it is impossible to construct detection devices that would exhibit higher efficiencies than the initial set.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Vector-like quarks with a scalar triplet
Creators: name: Leskow, Estefania Coluccio
name: Martin, Travis
name: de la Puente, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a minimal extension to the Standard Model with an additional real scalar triplet, $Σ$, and a single vector-like quark, $T$. This class of models appear naturally in extensions of the Littlest Higgs model that incorporate dark matter without the need of $T$-parity. We assume the limit that the triplet does not develop a vacuum expectation value and that all dimension five operators coupling the triplet to Standard Model fields and the vector-like quarks are characterized by the scale $Λ$ at which we expect new physics to arise. We introduce new non-renormalizable interactions between the new scalar sector and fermion sector that allow mixing between the Standard Model third generation up-type quark and the vector-like quark in a way that leads to the cancellation of the leading quadratic divergences to the one-loop corrections from the top quark to the mass of the Higgs boson. Within this framework, new decay modes of the vector-like quark to the real scalar triplet and SM particles arise and bring forth an opportunity to probe this model with existing and future LHC data. We contrast constraints from direct colliders searches with low energy precision measurements and find that heavy vector-like top quarks with a mass as low as $650$ GeV are consistent with current experimental constraints in models where new physics arises at scales below $2$ TeV.
The role of migration in the development of depressive symptoms among Latino immigrant parents in the USA
Creators: name: Ornelas, India J.
name: Perreira, Krista M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Nearly one out of every four children in the US is a child of immigrants. Yet few studies have assessed how factors at various stages of migration contribute to the development of health problems in immigrant populations. Most focus only on post-migration factors influencing health. Using data from the Latino Adolescent Migration, Health, and Adaptation Project, this study assessed the extent to which pre-migration (e.g., major life events, high poverty), migration (e.g., unsafe and stressful migration experiences), post-migration (e.g., discrimination, neighborhood factors, family reunification, linguistic isolation), and social support factors contributed to depressive symptoms among a sample of Latino immigrant parents with children ages 12-18. Results indicated that high poverty levels prior to migration, stressful experiences during migration, as well as racial problems in the neighborhood and racial/ethnic discrimination upon settlement in the US most strongly contribute to the development of depressive symptoms among Latino immigrant parents. Family reunification, social support, and familism reduce the likelihood of depressive symptoms.
Ripresa dati dal nuovo sistema stipendiale Zucchetti verso l'Identity Management della Direzione Sistemi Informativi
Creators: name: Serafini, Francesco
name: Sanelli, Luca
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: GODiVA
Zucchetti
stipendiale
identity management
INFN-23-05-DSI

description: L’obiettivo di questo documento è descrivere il lavoro effettuato per consentire il passaggio dei dati dei dipendenti tra GODiVA e il nuovo sistema stipendiale Zucchetti.
 È stato necessario produrre diversi script di sincronizzazione per acquisire tutte le variazioni eseguite sul software Zucchetti, in modo da avere le informazioni aggiornate sul sistema di Identity Management GODiVA della Divisione Sistemi Informativi.
description: INFN-23-05-DSI
Prediction errors of behavior in young populations: their associations with scan-related and sociodemographic variables
Creators: name: Li, Jingwei
name: Wu, Jianxiao
name: GENON, Sarah
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: INM Retreat, Jülich, Germany, 17 Oct 2023 - 18 Oct 2023
The social context of food insecurity among persons living with HIV/AIDS in rural Uganda
Creators: name: Senkungu, Jude K.
name: Tsai, Alexander C.
name: Bangsberg, David R.
name: Martin, Jeffrey N.
name: Weiser, Sheri D.
name: Emenyonu, Nneka
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: HIV/AIDS and food insecurity are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, with each heightening the vulnerability to, and worsening the severity of, the other. Less research has focused on the social determinants of food insecurity in resource-limited settings, including social support and HIV-related stigma. In this study, we analyzed data from a cohort of 456 persons from the Uganda AIDS Rural Treatment Outcomes study, an ongoing prospective cohort of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) initiating HIV antiretroviral therapy in Mbarara, Uganda. Quarterly data were collected by structured interviews. The primary outcome, food insecurity, was measured with the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Key covariates of interest included social support, internalized HIV-related stigma, HIV-related enacted stigma, and disclosure of HIV serostatus. Severe food insecurity was highly prevalent overall (38%) and more prevalent among women than among men. Social support, HIV disclosure, and internalized HIV-related stigma were associated with food insecurity; these associations persisted after adjusting for household wealth, employment status, and other previously identified correlates of food insecurity. The adverse effects of internalized stigma persisted in a lagged specification, and the beneficial effect of social support further persisted after the inclusion of fixed effects. International organizations have increasingly advocated for addressing food insecurity as part of HIV/AIDS programming to improve morbidity and mortality. This study provides quantitative evidence on social determinants of food insecurity among PLWHA in resource-limited settings and suggests points of intervention. These findings also indicate that structural interventions to improve social support and/or decrease HIV-related stigma may also improve the food security of PLWHA.
Parametrization of gamma-ray production cross-sections for pp interactions in a broad proton energy range from the kinematic threshold to PeV energies
Creators: name: Kafexhiu, Ervin
name: Aharonian, Felix
name: Taylor, Andrew M.
name: Vila, Gabriela S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using publicly available Monte Carlo codes as well as compilation of published data on p--p interactions for proton kinetic energy below 2 GeV, we parametrize the energy spectra and production rates of $γ$-rays by simple but quite accurate ($\leq 20 \%$) analytical expressions in a broad range from the kinematic threshold to PeV energies.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures, v2 version fixes the cross references
A life course model of self-rated health through adolescence and young adulthood
Creators: name: Shanahan, Michael J.
name: Miech, Richard A.
name: Boardman, Jason D.
name: Bauldry, Shawn
name: Macmillan, Ross
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: This paper proposes and tests a life course model of self-rated health (SRH) extending from late childhood to young adulthood, drawing on three waves of panel data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Very little research has examined SRH during the early decades, or whether and how these self-assessments reflect experiences in the family of origin. Background characteristics (parental education, income, and family structure), parental health conditions (asthma, diabetes, obesity, migraines), and early health challenges (physical abuse, presence of a disability, and parental alcoholism and smoking) predict SRH from adolescence to young adulthood. These experiences in the family-of-origin are substantially mediated by the young person’s health and health behaviors (as indicated by obesity, depression, smoking, drinking, and inactivity), although direct effects remain (especially for early health challenges). Associations between SRH and these mediators (especially obesity) strengthen with age. In turn, efforts to promote healthy behaviors in young adulthood, after the completion of secondary school, may be especially strategic in the promotion of health in later adulthood.