cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
English Teacher as Dungeon Master: Game Design Theory Meets Course Design in Rhetorical Education
Creators: name: Frankos, Rick James
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Rhetoric
subject: Pedagogy
subject: Education
subject: English
subject: Game
subject: Gamification
subject: Pedagogy
subject: Rhetoric

description: Traditional pedagogical practices—lecturing, standardization, product-based quality grading—do not promote deep, critical learning. Addressing the deficiencies of traditional pedagogy, gaming pedagogy is a branch of critical pedagogy that identifies the effective design principles of games and then applies these principles to course design. In doing so, gaming pedagogy reproduces the experience-based, autotelic, intrinsically-motivating properties of games within the classroom, making education more fun and effective. In this document, I apply gaming pedagogy specifically to rhetorical education, which is uniquely advantaged to benefit from game design principles. In what follows, I present an objective definition of play and game, identify the overlapping design goals of games and education, identify the useful experiential qualities of games and explain how they apply to rhetorical education, summarize and analyze useful course design praxes from the perspective of gaming pedagogy, and conclude with an application of gaming pedagogy to my own first-year writing classroom.
Concept Learning in a Rich Input Domain: Generalization-Based Memory
Creators: name: Lebowitz, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: Automatic concept learning from large amounts of complex input data is an interesting and difficult process. In this paper we discuss how the use of a permanent, generalization-based, memory can serve as an important tool in developing programs that learn in rich input domains. The use of Generalization-Based Memory (GBM) allows programs to determine what concepts to learn, as well as definitions of the concepts. We present in this paper a characterization of our research, describe our use of Generalization-Based Memory in two programs under development at Columbia, UNIMEM and RESEARCHER, and describe how they perform concept evaluation and generalization of complex structural descriptions, problems typical of those we are concerned with.
Heterogeneous Syslog Analysis: There is Hope
Creators: name: Quan, Andres
name: Howell, Leah
name: Greenberg, Hugh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Heterogeneous test-bed clusters present a unique challenge in identifying system hardware failures and anomalies as a result of the variation in the ways that errors and warnings are reported through the system log. We present a novel approach for the real-time classification of syslog messages, generated from a heterogeneous test-bed cluster, to proactively identify potential hardware issues and security events. By integrating machine learning models with high- performance computing systems, our system facilitates continuous system health monitoring.
The paper introduces a taxonomy for classifying system issues into actionable categories of problems, while filtering out groups of messages that the system administrators would consider unimportant "noise". Finally we experiment with using newly available large language models as a form of message classifier, and share our results and experience with doing so. Results demonstrate promising performance, and more explainable results compared to currently available techniques, but the computational costs may offset the benefits.
Distributed Tool Services via the World Wide Web
Creators: name: Dossick, Stephen E.
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Yang, Jack Jingshuang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present an architecture for a distributed tool service which operates over HTTP, the underlying protocol of the World Wide Web. This allows unmodified Web browsers to request tool executions from the server as well as making integration with existing systems easier. We describe Rivendell, a prototype implementation of the architecture.
Wavepacket approach to particle diffraction by thin targets: Quantum trajectories and arrival times
Creators: name: Efthymiopoulos, C.
name: Delis, N.
name: Contopoulos, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a wavepacket approach to the diffraction of charged particles by a thin material target and we use the de Broglie-Bohm quantum trajectories to study various phenomena in this context. We find the form of the separator, i.e.the limit between the domains of prevalence of the ingoing and outgoing quantum flow. The structure of the quantum-mechanical currents in the neighborhood of the separator implies the formation of an array of \emph{quantum vortices} (nodal point - X point complexes). We show how the deformation of the separatior near Bragg angles explains the emergence of a diffraction pattern by the de Broglie - Bohm trajectories. We calculate the arrival time distributions for particles scattered at different angles. The predictions of the de Broglie - Bohm theory for $ΔT$ turn to be different from estimates of the same quantity using other theories on time observables like the sum-over-histories or the Kijowski approach. We propose an experimental setup aiming to test such predictions. Finally, we explore the semiclassical limit of short wavelength and short quantum coherence lengths, and demonstrate how, in this case, results with the de Broglie - Bohm trajectories are similar to the classical results of Rutherford scattering.
description: In press Annals Of Physics
School choice: A mechanism design approach
Creators: name: Abdulkadiroglu, Atila
name: Sönmez, Tayfun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Education and state
School management and organization
Public policy (Law)

description: A central issue in school choice is the design of a student assignment mechanism. Education literature provides guidance for the design of such mechanisms but does not offer specific mechanisms. The flaws in the existing school choice plans result in appeals by unsatisfied parents. We formulate the school choice problem as a mechanism design problem and analyze some of the existing school choice plans including those in Boston, Columbus, Minneapolis, and Seattle. We show that these existing plans have serious shortcomings, and offer two alternative mechanisms each of which may provide a practical solution to some critical school choice issues.
title: Good Practice-Beispiele zur schulischen Prävention gegen Rechtsextremismus
Creators: name: Bandin, Leon
Year: 2023

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich damit, welche Möglichkeiten zur Prävention von Rechtsextremismus es für den Kontext Schule gibt und welche zusätzlich sinnvoll erscheinen. Es werden Good practice-Beispiele für alle drei Präventionsebenen (personenbezogene, interaktionsbezogene und strukturbezogene Ebene) präsentiert und analysiert, inwiefern diese geeignet bzw. umsetzbar sind. Die Präsentation der Beispiele soll dabei folgendes leisten: Erstens sollen Lehrer*innen dazu ermutigt werden, die sozialen Medien intensiver und wohlwollender in den Unterricht zu integrieren, um an Interesse und Lebenswelt der Schüler*innen anzuknüpfen und gleichzeitig ein Bewusstsein für die von Rechtsextremist*innen ausgehende Gefahr zu schaffen. Zweitens werden Lehrpersonen dazu angehalten, außerschulische Organisationen in den Unterrichtsalltag einzubinden und Kompetenzen von außen aktiv zu nutzen, da persönlich Betroffene (von Diskriminierung, Rassismus, Queer-Feindlichkeit u.v.m) im Sinne der Kontakthypothese in besonderem Ausmaß dazu beitragen können, Vorurteile abzubauen. Drittens erscheint es notwendig, den Stimmen der Jugendlichen in der Schule mehr Raum zu geben und eine Demokratisierung der Schulkultur (mehr Möglichkeiten zu Beteiligung und Mitbestimmung) voranzutreiben, um die Schüler*innen zu demokratischen jungen Erwachsenen auszubilden.
description: This master's thesis deals with the possibilities of preventing right-wing extremism in the context of schools and which additional possibilities seem to be useful. Good practice examples for all three prevention levels (person-related, interaction-related and structure-related level) are presented and analyzed to what extent they are suitable or implementable. The presentation of the examples is intended to achieve the following: Firstly, teachers are to be encouraged to integrate social media more intensively and sympathetically into lessons in order to tie in with the interests and lifeworld of the students, and at the same time to create an awareness of the danger posed by right-wing extremists. Secondly, teachers are encouraged to integrate extracurricular organizations into everyday teaching and to actively use competencies from the outside, since those personally affected (by discrimination, racism, queer hostility, etc.) can contribute in particular to reducing prejudices in the sense of the contact hypothesis. Thirdly, it seems necessary to give more space to the voices of young people in school and to promote a democratization of school culture (more opportunities for participation and co-determination) in order to train students to become democratic young adults.
Adaptive Gain and Order Scheduling of Optimal Fractional Order PIλDμ Controllers with Radial Basis Function Neural-Network
Creators: name: Das, Saptarshi
name: Saha, Sayan
name: Mukherjee, Ayan
name: Pan, Indranil
name: Gupta, Amitava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Gain and order scheduling of fractional order (FO) PIλDμ controllers are studied in this paper considering four different classes of higher order processes. The mapping between the optimum PID/FOPID controller parameters and the reduced order process models are done using Radial Basis Function (RBF) type Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Simulation studies have been done to show the effectiveness of the RBFNN for online scheduling of such controllers with random change in set-point and process parameters.
description: 6 pages, 12 figures
Design and Verification Languages
Creators: name: Edwards, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: After a few decades of research and experimentation, register-transfer dialects of two standard languages---Verilog and VHDL---have emerged as the industry standard starting point for automatic large-scale digital integrated circuit synthesis. Writing RTL descriptions of hardware remains a largely human process and hence the clarity, precision, and ease with which such descriptions can be coded correctly has a profound impact on the quality of the final product and the speed with which the design can be created. While the efficiency of a design (e.g., the speed at which it can run or the power it consumes) is obviously important, its correctness is usually the paramount issue, consuming the majority of the time (and hence money) spent during the design process. In response to this challenge, a number of so-called verification languages have arisen. These have been designed to assist in a simulation-based or formal verification process by providing mechanisms for checking temporal properties, generating pseudorandom test cases, and for checking how much of a design's behavior has been exercised by the test cases. Through examples and discussion, this report describes the two main design languages---VHDL and Verilog---as well as SystemC, a language currently used to build large simulation models; SystemVerilog, a substantial extension of Verilog; and OpenVera, e, and PSL, the three leading contenders for becoming the main verification language.
ANALYSIS AND QUANTIFICATION OF HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH CASCADING THERMAL RUNAWAY PROPAGATION IN LITHIUM ION BATTERY CELL ARRAYS
Creators: name: Lee, Christopher Patrick
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Cascading Failure
subject: Failure Mitigation
subject: Lithium Ion Battery
subject: Thermal Runaway

description: Lithium ion batteries are among the most common and efficient electrical energy storage devices despite the thermal, fire, and chemical hazards they pose upon thermal failure due to abnormal conditions. The hazards are intensified when thermal failure propagates from a single cell to neighboring cells in a battery pack. A new wind tunnel experimental setup was designed and built to investigate the dynamics, gaseous emissions, and energetics of cascading failure propagation in 18650 form factor, 2600 mA h, lithium cobalt oxide cathode cell arrays. Ambient environment (N2 / air), cell state of charge (SOC; 50% / 100%), and cell arrangement (without 5 mm gaps between cell rows / with 5 mm gaps between cell rows) were all varied during tests to investigate different aspects of battery pack failure and quantify the impact of different failure mitigation strategies. On average, failure propagation speed was 7.5 times faster in air than in nitrogen, 8.5 times slower at 50% SOC than at 100% SOC, and three times slower with a 5 mm gap between cells than without it. All tested cell arrays ejected minor mass yields of O2 and H2, as well as comparatively large mass yields of total unburned hydrocarbons, CO and CO2. At 100% SOC, approximately 59 kJ of energy per cell was produced from the chemical reactions between cell components during failure. An additional 62.8 ± 18.4 kJ per cell was produced when the ejected battery materials during failure combusted in a reacting medium, but the combustion in the wind tunnel setup was highly incomplete due to the development of under-ventilated conditions. In a separate experimental setup with near complete combustion, combustion energy of 107 ± 17.7 kJ per cell was measured.
Compiling Concurrent Languages for Sequential Processors
Creators: name: Edwards, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Computer science

description: Embedded systems often include a traditional processor capable of executing sequential code, but both control and data-dominated tasks are often more naturally expressed using one of the many domain-specific concurrent specification languages. This paper surveys a variety of techniques for translating these concurrent specifications into sequential code. The techniques address compiling a wide variety of languages, ranging from dataflow to Petri nets. Each uses a different technique, to some degree chosen to match the semantics of concurrent language. Each technique is considered to consist of a partial evaluator operating on an interpreter. This combination provides a clearer picture of how parts of each technique could be used in a different setting.
A Methodology to Estimate Retrofit Energy Savings Using A Reduced-Order Energy Modeling Approach
Creators: name: Nagda, Harshil
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Energy
subject: Baltic studies

description: Building energy retrofits help to reduce energy use and improve energy efficiency of the buildings, however, most building owners typically consider retrofit implementation as a financial decision rather than an environmental one. Thus, to upgrade the existing buildings, it is extremely important to make accurate predictions of energy and cost savings which can help the building owners and facility managers to make capital budgeting decisions. The study proposes a methodology using reduced-order energy modeling approach to make rapid and accurate estimations of energy savings from retrofit installations in a building portfolio. A case study of 7 campus buildings undergoing several lighting, envelope and HVAC retrofits, and costing $3.6M to the university, is demonstrated in this thesis. The actual energy savings from the retrofits are compared with the modeled energy savings estimated using the proposed methodology.
End System Service Examples
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaotao
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: This technical report investigates services suitable for end systems. We look into ITU Q.1211 services, AT&T 5ESS switch services, services defined in CSTA Phase III, and new services integrating other Internet services, such as presence information. We also explore how to use the Language for End System Services (LESS) to program the services.
Disorder, Dissatisfaction with the Neighborhood, and Delinquency
Creators: name: Goodier, Michael
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Delinquency
subject: Dissatisfaction
subject: Neighborhood
subject: Strain

description: This study examines the association between neighborhood dissatisfaction and adolescent delinquency. The objectives of this project are to determine (1) whether neighborhood disorder is related to delinquency among adolescents (2) whether adolescents who report increased levels of neighborhood dissatisfaction are relatively more involved in delinquency than their peers, (3) if neighborhood dissatisfaction is especially related to two types of delinquency implicated by strain theory, violence and substance abuse, and (4) if neighborhood dissatisfaction weakens any of the association between neighborhood disorder and crime. Applying stepwise logistical regression, I find little support for the association between disorder and adolescent offending and no association between neighborhood dissatisfaction with either violence or substance abuse when compared to the likelihood of engaging in instrumental crime. These findings raise questions regarding the relationship between disorder and individual levels of delinquency as well as the relationship between disorder and neighborhood dissatisfaction among adolescents.
Additional file 6 of Increased Tc17 cell levels and imbalance of naïve/effector immune response in Parkinson’s disease patients in a two-year follow-up: a case control study
Creators: name: Álvarez-Luquín, Diana D.
name: Guevara-Salinas, Adrián
name: Arce-Sillas, Asiel
name: Espinosa-Cárdenas, Raquel
name: Leyva-Hernández, Jaquelín
name: Montes-Moratilla, Esteban U.
name: Adalid-Peralta, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 6: Table S5. Changes in T cytotoxic phenotypes in patients and the control group.
Novel Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis Approaches for Investigations of the Dynamics of Resting-State Functional Connectivity
Creators: name: Sojoudi, Alireza
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: functional MRI
subject: dynamic functional connectivity
subject: hierarchical observation modeling
subject: regional homogeneity
subject: Bayesian inference
subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: Spontaneous fluctuations of blood-oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) signals are highly synchronous between brain regions that serve similar functions. This provides a means to investigate functional networks of the human brain; however, most data analysis techniques assume functional connections are constant over time. This is problematic when studying brain processes associated with aging or neurological disease, where functional connections may become highly variable. Proposed methods of examining moment-to-moment changes in the strength of functional connections over an imaging session (so called dynamic connectivity) are not well established, and there are several pitfalls in current analysis approaches. In this thesis, novel analysis frameworks are developed to address several issues associated with dynamic resting-state fMRI analysis techniques. These techniques are then used to analyze the dynamics of functional connectivity within long-range and local brain networks. Specifically, a hierarchical observation modeling approach is proposed to permit statistical inference of the presence of dynamic connectivity at any point in time. Also, a sliding-window regional homogeneity approach is developed to examine the dynamics of local functional connectivity, to gain even further insight into the global functional organization of the human brain. Finally, the proposed methods are used in a study to determine resting-state local and long-range connectivity changes related to healthy aging, and further, how these changes demonstrate that age changes the proportion of time the brain occupies certain functional states. The studies in this thesis greatly further our understanding of the functional architecture of the human brain, in terms of how local and long-distance interactions are organized both in space and time. This thesis also helps establish a framework for dynamic resting-state fMRI analysis with consistency and reliability.
Performance Estimates tor the DADO Machine: A Comparison of TREAT and RETE
Creators: name: Miranker, Daniel P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: DADO is a highly parallel, VLSI-based, tree structured computer, intended (or the rapid execution of production system programs. In this paper we describe a new match algorithm for executing production systems on DADO that is capable of handling both temporally redundant and nontemporally redundant production systems. We argue that the new algorithm is faster than the original DADO algorithm intended for nontemporally redundant systems. We also show that the new algorithm executed on parallel hardware is faster and more space efficient than parallel implementations of the RETE match algorithm, which is appropriate for temporally redundant systems.
An Empirical Correction for Activity Effects on the Temperatures, Radii, and Estimated Masses of Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Kratter, Kaitlin M.
name: Scholz, Aleks
name: Dupuy, Trent J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present empirical relations for determining the amount by which the effective temperatures and radii -- and therefore the estimated masses -- of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs are altered due to chromospheric activity. We base our relations on a large set of low-mass stars in the field with Halpha activity measurements, and on a set of low-mass eclipsing binaries with X-ray activity measurements from which we indirectly infer the Halpha activity. Both samples yield consistent relations linking the amount by which an active object's temperature is suppressed, and its radius inflated, to the strength of its Halpha emission. These relations are found to approximately preserve bolometric luminosity. We apply these relations to the peculiar brown-dwarf eclipsing binary 2M0535-05, in which the active, higher-mass brown dwarf has a cooler temperature than its inactive, lower-mass companion. The relations correctly reproduce the observed temperatures and radii of 2M0535-05 after accounting for the Halpha emission; 2M0535-05 would be in precise agreement with theoretical isochrones were it inactive. The relations that we present are applicable to brown dwarfs and low-mass stars with masses below 0.8 Msun and for which the activity, as measured by the fractional Halpha luminosity, is in the range -4.6 < log LHa/Lbol < -3.3. We expect these relations to be most useful for correcting radius and mass estimates of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs over their active lifetimes (few Gyr) and when the ages or distances (and therefore luminosities) are unknown. We also discuss the implications of this work for improved determinations of young cluster initial mass functions.
description: Final ApJ version. Modified to clarify that our relations are not intended to correct observed temperatures. Rather, our relations reveal what an active object's temperature would have been if not for its activity, and this then allows the object's estimated radius and mass to be corrected
Analytical description of the Coherent State Model for near vibrational and well deformed nuclei
Creators: name: Raduta, A. A.
name: Budaca, R.
name: Faessler, Amand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytical formulas for the excitation energies as well as for the electric quadrupole reduced transition probabilities in the ground, beta and gamma bands were derived within the coherent state model for the near vibrational and well deformed nuclei. Numerical calculations were performed for 42 nuclei exhibiting various symmetries and therefore with specific properties. Comparison of the calculation results with the corresponding experimental data shows a good agreement. The parameters involved in the proposed model satisfy evident regularities being interpolated by smooth curves. Few of them, which fall out of the curves, are interpreted as signatures for a critical point in a specific phase transition. This is actually supported also by the figures showing the excitation energy dependence on the angular momentum. The formulas provided for energies and B(E2) values are very simple, being written in a compact form, and therefore easy to be handled to explain the new experimental data.
description: 9 figures, 50 pages
CHIME: A Metadata-Based Distributed Software Environment
Creators: name: Dossick, Stephen E.
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Computer science

description: We introduce CHIME, the Columbia Hypermedia IMmersion Environment, a metadata-based information environment, and describe its potential applications for internet and intranet-based distributed software development. CHIME derives many of its concepts from Multi-User Domains (MUDs), placing users in a semi-automatically generated 3D virtual world representing the software system. Users interact with project artifacts by 'walking around' the virtual world, where they potentially encounter and collaborate with other users' avatars. CHIME aims to support large software development projects, in which team members are often geographically and temporally dispersed, through novel use of virtual environment technology. We describe the mechanisms through which CHIME worlds are populated with project artifacts, as well as our initial experiments with CHIME and our future goals for the system.
Prospecting transit duration variations in extrasolar planetary systems
Creators: name: Damiani, C.
name: Lanza, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In transiting planetary systems, the angle between the orbital angular momentum and the stellar spin is usually constrained through the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect observed in radial velocity and can be subject to large uncertainties, especially for hot stars (T_eff > 6250 K). It is thus interesting to have an alternative method to constrain the value of the obliquity and to detect companions that might have disturbed the orbit of the planet. We show how the long-term variations in the transit duration (TDV) can be used to constrain the obliquity of the stellar rotation axis. We introduce a simple theory to express the secular variations in the orbital elements and their effects on the TDVs with a general formulation valid for both oblique and eccentric systems. Parameters or orbital elements that cannot be directly measured, such as the longitude of the ascending node of the orbit, are avoided thus allowing us a straightforward application. We compute the expected TDVs for the presently known transiting systems, adopting their parameters found in the literature. Considering the capabilities of the present or next generation space-borne telescopes, we point out the systems that could be readily observed and discuss the constraints derivable on their fundamental parameters. TDVs can be used to constrain the obliquity of the stars (and possibly of the planets in systems younger than 10 -- 100 Myr), giving information about the formation scenarios, the strength of the tidal coupling, and the internal structure of both the stars and the planets. Moreover, they can provide an indirect indication of the presence of other bodies, even with a mass comparable with that of the Earth, because they give rise to additional contributions to the nodal precession.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted by A&A
Resonant state expansion applied to planar open optical systems
Creators: name: Doost, M. B.
name: Langbein, W.
name: Muljarov, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resonant state expansion (RSE), a novel perturbation theory of Brillouin-Wigner type developed in electrodynamics [Muljarov, Langbein, and Zimmermann, Europhys. Lett., 92, 50010(2010)], is applied to planar, effectively one-dimensional optical systems, such as layered dielectric slabs and Bragg reflector microcavities. It is demonstrated that the RSE converges with a power law in the basis size. Algorithms for error estimation and their reduction by extrapolation are presented and evaluated. Complex eigenfrequencies, electro-magnetic fields, and the Green's function of a selection of optical systems are calculated, as well as the observable transmission spectra. In particular we find that for a Bragg-mirror microcavity, which has sharp resonances in the spectrum, the transmission calculated using the resonant state expansion reproduces the result of the transfer/scattering matrix method.
Development, characterization and application of the s-transform to medical imaging
Creators: name: Brown, Robert A.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 164-175
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: The S-transform (ST) is a relatively new technique, first proposed in 1996 and applied to problems in geophysics. The properties and applications of the transform, and its relationship to existing techniques have not been fully explored. Though some applications, particularly in medical signal and image processing, have shown promise, the high computational requirements of the algorithm have hampered research and application of the ST. In this thesis the computational requirements of the ST are addressed and a promising image processing technique using the transform is characterized, validated and applied to several biomedical imaging problems. Two approaches to speeding up the ST are explored: (1) a parallel ST algorithm is introduced, which allows the ST calculation to take advantage of modern multi-processor hardware and computing clusters and (2) a fast ST algorithm is formulated, which dramatically reduces the computational requirements of the transform. Additionally, a general description of time-frequency transforms is presented, which clearly demonstrates the similarities and differences between the ST and both the wavelet and Fourier families of transforms. Extending this theoretical relationship, a technique that uses the ST to detect and quantify image texture is compared to an equivalent procedure based on the Fourier transform, and validated using a purpose built magnetic resonance phantom. The ST texture analysis technique is then applied to several examples of medical image analysis problems. One of these potential applications, detection of an important genetic marker in brain tumours, is explored in depth with a clinical study of 54 patients.
Additional file 7 of Increased Tc17 cell levels and imbalance of naïve/effector immune response in Parkinson’s disease patients in a two-year follow-up: a case control study
Creators: name: Álvarez-Luquín, Diana D.
name: Guevara-Salinas, Adrián
name: Arce-Sillas, Asiel
name: Espinosa-Cárdenas, Raquel
name: Leyva-Hernández, Jaquelín
name: Montes-Moratilla, Esteban U.
name: Adalid-Peralta, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 7: Figure S2. Changes in immune populations during follow-up.
Line Operator Index on S1 $\times$ S3
Creators: name: Gang, Dongmin
name: Koh, Eunkyung
name: Lee, Kimyeong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a general formula of an index for N = 2 superconformal field theories on S1 \times S3 with insertions of BPS Wilson line or 't Hooft line operator at the north pole and their anti-counterpart at the south pole of S3. One-loop and monopole bubbling effects are taken into account in the computation. As examples, we calculate the indices for N = 4 theories and N = 2 SU(2) theory with Nf = 4, and find good agreements between indices of line operators related by S-duality. The relation between Verlinde loop operators and the indices is explored. The holographic correspondence between the fundamental (anti-symmetric) Wilson line operator and the fundamental string (D5 brane) in AdS5\timesS5 is confirmed by the index comparison.
description: 55 pages, 5 figures. v2:references added, sec 5.2, 5.3 are added, minor corrections
Information Structures to Secure Control of Rigid Formations with Leader-Follower Structure
Creators: name: Eren, Tolga
name: Whiteley, Walter
name: Morse, A. Stephen
name: Anderson, Brian D. O.
name: Belhumeur, Peter N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper is concerned with rigid formations of mobile autonomous agents using a leader-follower structure. A formation is a group of agents moving in real 2- or 3- dimensional space. A formation is called rigid if the distance between each pair of agents does not change over time under ideal conditions. Sensing/communication links between agents are used to maintain a rigid formation. Two agents connected by a sensing/communication link are called neighbors. There are two types of neighbor relations in rigid formations. In the first type, the neighbor relation is symmetric. In the second type, the neighbor relation is asymmetric. Rigid formations with a leader-follower structure have the asymmetric neighbor relation. A framework to analyze rigid formations with symmetric neighbor relations is given in our previous work. This paper suggests an approach to analyze rigid formations that have a leader-follower structure.
Dynamic resource allocation for OFDM-based cognitive radio systems
Creators: name: Bansal, Gaurav
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Cognitive radio (CR) is an emerging technology that would improve spectrum utilization by exploiting unused spectrum in dynamically changing environments. We investigate the design of link adaptation algorithms (e.g., adaptive power and bit loading) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based CR systems. Different power and bit loading schemes can be designed for CR users which exploits the time varying nature of fading gains across the OFDM subcarriers. However, one of the challenges here is to ensure that the interference caused to the primary users (PUs) remains below the target interference threshold. Therefore, not only do we need to consider the fading gains, but also the spectral distance of the subcarriers from the PU's band. In this thesis, we propose an optimal power loading algorithm, assuming that the rate can be varied continuously, for an OFDM-based CR system. The downlink transmission capacity of the CR user is thereby maximized, while the interference introduced to the PU remains within a tolerable range. We investigate the case of discrete (or integer) rate adaptation. A sub-optimal scheme for integer bit loading is presented which approximates the optimal continuous rate value to a nearest integer. Next, we propose schemes that maximize the capacity of CR users when only imperfect channel state information (CSI) is available at the CR transmitter while guaranteeing the statistical interference constraint. Further, we propose resource allocation schemes for a multiuser scenario where power is loaded for CR users not only in the subcarriers where PU is not present (overlay fashion) but also in the subcarriers where PU is present (underlay fashion). Finally, for the scenarios where the link between CR source and destination might be weak and not reliable for communication, we employ relays and propose relay and power allocation schemes. Numerical results have been presented for all the proposed algorithms.
Where Does Smoothness Count the Most For Fredholm Equations of the Second Kind With Noisy Information?
Creators: name: Werschulz, Arthur G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Computer science

description: We study the complexity of Fredholm problems (I − Tk)u = f of the second kind on the I d = [0, 1]d, where Tk is an integral operator with kernel k. Previous work on the complexity of this problem has assumed either that we had complete information about k or that k and f had the same smoothness. In addition, most of this work has assumed that the information about k and f was exact. In this paper, we assume that k and f have different smoothness; more precisely, we assume that f ∈ Wr,p(I d ) with r > d/p and that k ∈ Ws,∞(I 2d ) with s > 0. In addition, we assume that our information about k and f is contaminated by noise. We find that the nth minimal error is 2(n−µ + δ), where µ = min{r/d, s/(2d)} and δ is a bound on the noise. We prove that a noisy modified finite element method has nearly minimal error. This algorithm can be efficiently implemented using multigrid techniques. We thus find tight bounds on the ε-complexity for this problem. These bounds depend on the cost c(δ) of calculating a δ-noisy information value. As an example, if the cost of a δ-noisy evaluation is proportional to δ−t , then the ε-complexity is roughly (1/ε)t+1/µ.
General-relativistic model of hot accretion flows with global Compton cooling
Creators: name: Niedzwiecki, A.
name: Xie, F. -G.
name: Zdziarski, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model of optically thin, two-temperature, accretion flows using an exact Monte Carlo treatment of global Comptonization, with seed photons from synchrotron and bremsstrahlung emission, as well as with a fully general relativistic description of both the radiative and hydrodynamic processes. We consider accretion rates for which the luminosities of the flows are between ~0.001 and 0.01 of the Eddington luminosity. The black hole spin parameter strongly affects the flow structure within the innermost 10 gravitational radii. The resulting large difference between the Coulomb heating in models with a non-rotating and a rapidly rotating black hole is, however, outweighed by a strong contribution of compression work, much less dependent on spin. The consequent reduction of effects related to the value of the black spin is more significant at smaller accretion rates. For a non-rotating black hole, the compressive heating of electrons dominates over their Coulomb heating, and results in an approximately constant radiative efficiency of approximately 0.4 per cent in the considered range of luminosities. For a rapidly rotating black hole, the Coulomb heating dominates, the radiative efficiency is ~1 per cent and it slightly increases (but less significantly than estimated in some previous works) with increasing accretion rate. We find an agreement between our model, in which the synchrotron emission is the main source of seed photons, and observations of black-hole binaries in their hard states and AGNs at low luminosities. In particular, our model predicts a hardening of the X-ray spectrum with increasing luminosity, as indeed observed below ~0.01 of the Eddington luminosity in both black-hole binaries and AGNs. Also, our model approximately reproduces the luminosity and the slope of the X-ray emission in Cen A.
description: 13 pages, MNRAS, accepted
Parametric Feature Detection
Creators: name: Nayar, Shree K.
name: Baker, Simon
name: Murase, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Computer science

description: We propose an algorithm to automatically construct feature detectors for arbitrary parametric features. To obtain a high level of robustness we advocate the use of realistic multi-parameter feature models and incorporate optical and sensing effects. Each feature is represented as a densely sampled parametric manifold in a low dimensional subspace of a Hilbert space. During detection, the brightness distribution around each image pixel is projected into the subspace. If the projection lies sufficiently close to the feature manifold, the feature is detected and the location of the closest manifold point yields the feature parameters. The concepts of parameter reduction by normalization, dimension reduction, pattern rejection, and heuristic search are all employed to achieve the required efficiency. By applying the algorithm to appropriate parametric feature models, detectors have been constructed for five features, namely, step edge, roof edge, line, corner, and circular disc. Detailed experiments are reported on the robustness of detection and the accuracy of parameter estimation. In the case of the step edge, our results are compared with those obtained using popular detectors. We conclude with a brief discussion on the use of relaxation to rene outputs from multiple feature detectors, and sketch a hardware architecture for a general feature detection machine.
Ferroelectric and ferro-rotational domains in complex oxides
Creators: name: Fang, Xiaochen
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: This thesis contains several research works on ferroelectric and ferro-rotational domains in complex oxides. The first chapter starts with a review on the history of ferroelectricity and a brief introduction on the concept of proper and improper ferroelectricity. The relatively new concept of hybrid improper ferroelectricity is extensively discussed with the showcase of several associated oxide systems. In the second chapter, we demonstrate that the flux-method-grown CsBiNb₂O₇ single crystals exhibit the largest spontaneous polarization ever found in the like of hybrid improper ferroelectrics. Ferroelastic domain wall motion under high voltage poling is also observed. In the third chapter, we systematically investigate the domain topology of floating-zone-grown BiFeO₃ single crystals and the conductivity of 109° and 71° domain walls. Chapter 4 and 5 focus on a recently defined new ferroic order, ferro-rotational order, and a specific ilmenite system. An innovative domain imaging method utilizing a special sample polishing technique was introduced in Chapter 4. The selective coupling between the microscopic ferro-rotational order and a macroscopic circular rotation is reported for the first time. Another two methods exploiting the same mechanism were also utilized to reveal the ferro-rotational domain patterns. Chapter 5 follows the content of chapter 4 and quantitatively investigates the relationship between the domain density and the sample cooling rate across the transition temperature. The result agrees well with the prediction of Kibble-Zurek mechanism in the three-dimensional Ising universality class.
Location Based Tax Incentives: Evidence from India
Creators: name: Chaurey, Ritam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper studies the impact of the Government of India financed "New Industrial Policy for Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh", whereby beginning 2003, new industrial units and existing units upon expansion were given 100% income tax and excise tax exemption. Using a difference-in-differences approach, I find a large increase in employment, number of factories, total output and fixed capital at the 3-digit industry level. Using firm level data, I find that the average employment, output, fixed capital, and additions to plant and machinery increased for existing firms as a result of this policy. Hence I show that the policy change affected both the intensive and extensive margins. I also look at heterogeneity by firm size and find that the policy led to employment and output increases for smaller firms. Finally, I use synthetic control methods (Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller (2010)) as a robustness check for the treatment effects of the policy change.
Indirect searches for gravitino dark matter
Creators: name: Grefe, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitino in models with a small violation of R-parity is a well-motivated decaying dark matter candidate that leads to a cosmological scenario that is consistent with big bang nucleosynthesis and thermal leptogenesis. The gravitino lifetime is cosmologically long-lived since its decays are suppressed by the Planck-scale as well as the small R-parity violating parameter. We discuss the signals in different cosmic-ray species coming from the decay of gravitino dark matter, namely gamma rays, positrons, antiprotons, antideuterons and neutrinos. Comparison to cosmic-ray data can be used to constrain the parameters of the model.
description: 4 pages, 15 figures; to appear in the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2011), Munich, Germany, 5-9 September 2011
Additional file 1 of Salivary lactoferrin is associated with cortical amyloid-beta load, cortical integrity, and memory in aging
Creators: name: Reseco, Lucia
name: Atienza, Mercedes
name: Fernandez-Alvarez, Marina
name: Carro, Eva
name: Cantero, Jose L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Reciprocal Time Relation of Noncolliding Brownian Motion with Drift
Creators: name: Katori, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an $N$-particle system of noncolliding Brownian motion starting from $x_1 \leq x_2 \leq ... \leq x_N$ with drift coefficients $ν_j, 1 \leq j \leq N$ satisfying $ν_1 \leq ν_2 \leq ... \leq ν_N$. When all of the initial points are degenerated to be zero, $x_j=0, 1 \leq j \leq N$, the equivalence is proved between a dilatation with factor $1/t$ of this drifted process and the noncolliding Brownian motion starting from $ν_1 \leq ν_2 \leq ... \leq ν_N$ without drift observed at reciprocal time $1/t$, for arbitrary $t > 0$. Using this reciprocal time relation, we study the determinantal property of the noncolliding Brownian motion with drift having finite and infinite numbers of particles.
description: v2: AMS_LaTeX, 17 pages, no figure, minor corrections made for publication in J. Stat. Phys