cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The KCAL VERA 22 GHz calibrator survey
Creators: name: Petrov, Leonid
name: Honma, Mareki
name: Shibata, Katsunori M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed at 22 GHz with the VLBI array VERA a sample of 1536 sources with correlated flux densities brighter than 200 mJy at 8 GHz. One half of target sources has been detected. The detection limit was around 200 mJy. We derived the correlated flux densities of 877 detected sources in three ranges of projected baseline lengths. The objective of these observations was to determine the suitability of given sources as phase calibrators for dual-beam and phase-referencing observations at high frequencies. Preliminary results indicate that the number of compact extragalactic sources at 22 GHz brighter than a given correlated flux density level is twice less than at 8 GHz.
description: Accepted for publication by the Astronomical Journal. 6 pages, 3 figures, 3 table. The machine readable catalogue file, kcal_cat.txt can be extracted from the source of this submission
Spherically symmetric static spacetimes in vacuum f(T) gravity
Creators: name: Ferraro, Rafael
name: Fiorini, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Schwarzschild geometry remains as a vacuum solution for those four-dimensional f(T) gravitational theories behaving as ultraviolet deformations of general relativity. In the gentler context of three-dimensional gravity, we also find that the infrared-deformed f(T) gravities, like the ones used to describe the late cosmic speed up of the Universe, have as the circularly symmetric vacuum solution a Deser-de Sitter or a BTZ-like spacetime with an effective cosmological constant depending on the infrared scale present in the function f(T).
description: 8 pages. Some typos corrected and references updated. One additional typo corrected in Eq. (33). Accepted for publication in Physical Review D. Final version
Labor and the Emerging World Economy
Creators: name: Bloom, David E.
name: Brender, Adi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Labor economics

description: This paper explores the emergence of a world economy since 1950 and its implications for the world's labor force. There are five main sets of conclusions. First, the share of the world's labor force located in developing countries increased significantly between 1950 and 1990. Productivity differentials between high - and low-income countries did not decrease over time, and wage differentials were even larger than productivity differentials. These results suggest that whatever integration took place between the industrial and developing countries was insufficient to overcome the large differentials in labor force growth rates between them. Second, although the integration of national economies since 1950 has been considerable, the world economy is still in its adolescence. Rapid integration has occurred among the industrial economies, but integration among the developing economies and between the industrial and the developing economies has proceeded slowly. Third, international labor mobility can account for little, if any, economic integration since 1950. The economic integration that has been achieved is due mainly to the increased flow of capital across international boundaries and, more important, to the dramatic increase in trade, especially among the industrial countries. These developments have been driven by technological changes that have reduced the costs of transportation and communication, and by institutional changes that have reduced the barriers to international labor mobility. Fourth, these patterns of integration are associated with a sharp decline in income inequality among the industrial economies, but with some rise in world income inequality as the income gap between the industrial and developing countries has increased. Finally, the large increase in developing economies share of the world labor force projected for the next few decades will magnify their incentives to integrate more closely among themselves and with the industrial economies. World income per capital will be promoted by such integration, which is likely to occur through increased international trade and international relocation of jobs, not through a substantial rise in international labor mobility.
title: Entrenching international values through positive law
title: The (limited) effect of peremptory norms
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: de Wet, Erika
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Underpinning a legal system with certain values and helping to resolve norm conflicts is in domestic legal systems usually achieved through hierarchical superiority of certain norms of a constitutional nature. The present paper examines the question whether jus cogens can discharge this function within the traditionally horizontal and decentralized international legal order. In so doing, it commences with an overview of the historical origins of peremptory norms in legal scholarship, followed by its endorsement by positive law and courts and tribunals. This analysis illustrates that there are lingering uncertainties pertaining to the process of identification of peremptory norms. Even so, the concept has been invoked in State executive practice (although infrequently) and has been endorsed by various courts. However, such invocation thus far has had a limited impact from a legal perspective. It was mainly confined to a strengthened moral appeal and did in particular not facilitate the resolution of norm conflicts. The contribution further suggests that this limited impact results from the fact that the content of peremptory obligations is either very narrow or very vague. This, in turn, implies a lack of consensus amongst States regarding the content (scope) of jus cogens, including the values underlying these norms. As a result, it is questionable whether the construct of jus cogens is able to provide meaningful legal protection against the erosion of legal norms. It is too rudimentary in character to entrench and stabilize core human rights values as the moral foundation of the international legal order.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 25
Defining Price Stability in Japan: A View from America
Creators: name: Broda, Christian
name: Weinstein, David E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Commerce

description: Japanese monetary and fiscal policy uses the consumer price index as a metric for price stability. Despite a major effort to improve the index, the Japanese methodology of calculating the CPI seems to have a large number of deficiencies. Little attention is paid in Japan to substitution biases and quality upgrading. This implies that important methodological differences have emerged between the U.S. and Japan since the U.S. started to correct for these biases in 1999. We estimate that using the new corrected U.S. methodology, Japan's deflation averaged 1.2 percent per year since 1999. This is more than twice the deflation suggested by Japanese national statistics. Ignoring these methodological differences misleading suggests that American real per capita consumption growth has been growing at a rate that is almost 2 percentage points higher than that of Japan between 1999 and 2006. When a common methodology is used Japan's growth has been much closer to that of the U.S. over this period. Moreover, we estimate that the bias of the Japanese CPI relative to a true cost-of-living index is around 2 percent per year. This overstatement in the Japanese CPI in combination with Japan's low inflation rate is likely to cost the government over 69 trillion yen - or 14 percent of GDP - over the next 10 years in increased social security expenses and debt service. For monetary policy, the overstatement of inflation suggests that if the BOJ adopts a formal inflation target without changing the current CPI methodology a lower band of less than 2 percent would not achieve its goal of price stability.
title: International women’s rights
title: Progress under attack?
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Roggeband, Conny
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: This paper explores current contestations of women’s rights and the implications thereof for international legislation. While contestation over women’s rights is a far from new phenomenon, over the past two decades opposition to gender equality has become better organized at the transnational level, mobilizing a dispersed set of state and non-state actors, and is becoming more successful in halting the progress of women’s rights. I argue that the position of oppositional actors vis-à-vis women rights activism appears to be strengthened by two recent political developments: democratic backsliding and the closure of civic space. Some preliminary findings show how these interrelated developments lead to an erosion of women’s rights at the national level. Governments use low key tactics to dismantle institutional and implementation arrangements and sideline women’s organisations. Next, I explore the implications of these developments for gender equality norms at the national and international level. The active strategy of counter norming adopted by conservative and religious state and non-state actors, designed to circumvent and also undermine Western norms, is increasingly successful. In addition to this, the threatened position of domestic actors monitoring compliance of international treaties, makes the chances of backsliding on international commitments much higher.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 26
On the scattered field generated by a ball inhomogeneity of constant index in dimension three
Creators: name: Capdeboscq, Yves
name: Leadbetter, George
name: Parker, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the solution of a scalar Helmholtz equation where the potential (or index) takes two positive values, one inside a ball of radius $\eps$ and another one outside. In this short paper, we report that the results recently obtained in the two dimensional case in [1] can be easily extended to three dimensions. In particular, we provide sharp estimates of the size of the scattered field caused by this ball inhomogeneity, for any frequencies and any contrast. We also provide a broadband estimate, that is, a uniform bound for the scattered field for any contrast, and any frequencies outside of a set which tends to zero with $\eps$.
description: 17 pages
Exact ground state of a frustrated integer-spin modified Shastry-Sutherland model
Creators: name: Richter, Johannes
name: Schmidt, Heinz-Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a two-dimensional geometrically frustrated integer-spin Heisenberg system that admits an exact ground state. The system corresponds to a decorated square lattice with two coupling constants J1 and J2, and it can be understood as a generalized Shastry-Sutherland model. Main elements of the spin model are suitably coupled antiferromagnetic spin trimers with integer spin quantum numbers s and their ground state Phi will be the product state of the local singlet ground states of the trimers. We provide exact numerical data for finite lattices as well as analytical considerations to estimate the range of the existence in dependence on the ratio of the two couplings constants J2 and J1 and on the spin quantum number s. Moreover, we find that the magnetization curves as a function of the applied magnetic field shows plateaus and jumps. In the classical limit s \to \infty the model exhibits phases of three- and two-dimensional ground states separated by a one-dimensional (collinear) plateau state at 1/3 of the saturation magnetization.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
Looking at images and reasoning about their content : the case of shadow depiction
Creators: name: Casati, Robert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Arts

description: The depiction of cast shadows is an interesting laboratory for solutions to representational problems, and in this they provide interesting material for the study of visual cognition. For instance, shadows in paintings have been alleged as examples of perceptual double dissociations: some perceptually acceptable shadows are physically impossible, and conversely some physically correct shadows are perceptually impossible. Here I discuss a larger set of cases that involve more topical inferences: shadows of invisible objects, of objects that should not cast shadows, of objects whose presence is only implied and not shown in the painting, cast by lights that are not visible. Interestingly, some shadows can be used to ascertain the original properties of a painting. In all these cases the viewer is moving from some visible features of pictorial content to features that are not displayed in the picture.
Novel methodology to map the motor cortex
Creators: name: Ayling, Oliver G. S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: It is very well established that the motor cortex has a distinct cortical location that can be mapped in a variety of species from mice to humans. Traditionally, mapping the motor cortex requires electrodes to stimulate the brain and define motor output pathways. Although effective, electrode-based methods are labor-intensive, potentially damaging to the cortex, can have off-target effects, and are not well suited to long-term application in the same brain due to its invasive nature. As an alternative method to traditional motor mapping, transgenic mice expressing the light-sensitive ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 in predominantly layer-5 output cortical neurons were photostimulated. Implanted electromyogram electrodes or a noninvasive motion sensor were used as a readout of motor cortex output. In addition, electroencephalogram electrodes were used to directly monitor the activity of the motor cortex during periods of optical stimulation. Optical stimulation with a 473 nm laser was delivered to hundreds of cortical locations, in vivo, using a stage scanning laser system. Electrophysiological signals from the muscles and the cortex were used to create highly reproducible automated maps of the mouse forelimb and hindlimb motor cortex much faster than with previous methods. This method was well suited to mapping the same brain over a period of weeks using an implanted cranial window. It is anticipated that this novel methods will facilitate the study of changes in the location and properties of motor maps after skilled training or damage to the nervous system.
Leptotrema Braet & Achterberg, 2014, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Braet, Yves
name: Achterberg, Cees Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Ostropales
Graphidaceae
Leptotrema

description: Leptotrema van Achterberg, 1988
(Figs 17–25)
 Note. The genus Leptotrema van Achterberg, 1988 was named to accommodate L. dentifemur (Stelfox, 1943) originally described from Ireland, Scotland and England. This Palaearctic species has also been recorded from The Netherlands, North West Germany and Austria (van Achterberg, 1988). It is characterized by the presence of small tooth on the ventral margin of hind femur. Examination of Oriental Alysiinae by the second author revealed that Aspilota bovefemora Bhat, 1979 exhibit a similar character and is therefore here included in the genus as L. bovefemora (Bhat, 1979) comb. nov.
 Synonymy. According to Wharton (2002) a synonym of Dinotrema Foerster, 1862. More information is needed to decide about its position within the Aspilota -group.
 Biology. Unknown.
 Distribution. Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian regions.
description: Published as part of Braet, Yves & Achterberg, Cees Van, 2014, A new genus and two new species of Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Papua New Guinea, pp. 189-197 in Zootaxa 3869 (2) on page 193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3869.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/226146
The political economy of internationalizing the Japanese financial system: The case of the bond market
Creators: name: Rosenbluth, Frances
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: On November 28 1986, the Ministry of Finance's Securities Exchange Advisory Council proposed a significant relaxation of restrictions on domestic corporate bond issuance. The number of corporations eligible for issuing unsecured straight bonds would triple, the issuing unit of privately placed bonds would quintuple, and firms would be permitted to issue at any time during the month instead of at month's end as formerly stipulated. Moreover, firms with a high enough corporate rating would be allowed to issue unsecured bonds. At first glance, this would appear to be a serious blow to the interests of the banking community: the easier it is for corporations to issue bonds, the less they must depend on banks loans for their external financing. In fact, however, most banks did not fight the change. This chapter will explain why not. Changes in the bond market help to explain the trend towards direct finance in Japan. Secondly, an examination of the process helps to generate more general propositions as to the how and why of financial deregulation. Thirdly, this case study affords a penetrating look at the government-business nexus in Japan.
Black holes and quasiblack holes: Some history and remarks
Creators: name: Lemos, José P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief reference to the two Schwarzschild solutions and what Petrov had to say about them is given. Comments on how the Schwarzschild vacuum solution describes a black hole are also provided. Then we compare the properties, differences and similarities between black holes and quasiblack holes. Black holes are well known. Quasiblack hole is a new concept. A quasiblack hole, either nonextremal or extremal, can be broadly defined as the limiting configuration of a body when its boundary approaches the body's own gravitational radius (the quasihorizon). They are objects that are on the verge of being black holes but actually are distinct from them in many ways. We display some of their properties: there are infinite redshift whole regions; the curvature invariants remain perfectly regular everywhere, in the quasiblack hole limit; a free-falling observer finds in his own frame infinitely large tidal forces in the whole inner region, showing some form of degeneracy; outer and inner regions become mutually impenetrable and disjoint, although, in contrast to the usual black holes, this separation is of a dynamical nature, rather than purely causal; for external far away observers the spacetime is virtually indistinguishable from that of extremal black holes. Other important properties, such as the mass formula, and the entropy, are also discussed and compared to the corresponding properties of black holes.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. Scientific Proceedings of Kazan State University (Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta (UZKGU)) (2011), ed. A. Aminova. Based on the Invited Lecture in the Petrov 2010 Anniversary Symposium on General Relativity and Gravitation, Kazan, Russia, November 1-6, 2010
Low-cost ionic liquid / water mixtures for producing renewable carbon fibres from lignin
Creators: name: Yang, Min
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The production of commercial carbon fibres is expensive and has a negative impact on the environment due to the use of the costly, petroleum-based and toxic polymer polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and harmful, expensive conventional organic solvents. Lignin is an abundant biopolymer present in wood biomass and a promising renewable raw material for carbon materials. Lignin-based carbon fibres are an attractive alternative to PAN fibres if robust and cost-effective manufacturing technologies can be developed. In this thesis, the development of a wet-spinning technique using a low-cost (<$1/kg) ionic liquid, N,N-dimethylbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, [DMBA][HSO4] for lignin fibre production is described. First, the dissolution of technical lignins (including ionoSolv lignins and Kraft lignins) and a fibre forming polymer poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in aqueous ionic liquid mixtures was examined, and the spinnability of the solutions was tested. Following these, fibres were produced continuously with exceptionally high lignin solid contents (75 wt% - 90 wt%) for four different lignins, using an environmentally benign aqueous Na2SO4 solution or simply pure water as a coagulant. The lignin-rich fibres were characterised to assess their morphology, mechanical properties, and carbonisation yields, and were subsequently oxidatively stabilized and carbonised, producing lignin-based carbon fibres via a low-cost IL-based approach. The produced carbon fibres had mechanical performance comparable to the previously reported lignin/PVA-derived carbon fibres which were produced from more expensive solvents and precursor fibres with a lower lignin content. This demonstrates the potential of this low-cost and ‘greener’ approach to be applied in the future for lignin fibre production. This thesis also explores, for the first time, the integration of biomass fractionation and lignin-based carbon fibre production. The lignin-rich extract (liquor) obtained in the biomass fractionation was transformed directly into a fibre spinning dope by adding the PVA solution, producing high lignin content fibres which were later converted to carbon fibres. By this preliminary, not yet optimised, integrated approach, the produced carbon fibres outperformed the fibres produced from the isolated lignin dissolved in the same solvent. This shows a clear potential to reduce the cost of lignin-based carbon fibres by avoiding the costly lignin precipitation, drying and redissolution step, while increasing revenues of ionic liquid-based biorefineries through direct production of a value-added product.
Spatial distributions of 33 fish species in the mainstem rivers of the south Saskatchewan river basin under changing thermal regimes
Creators: name: Robins, Geneva Lin
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 153-168
description: Some pages are in colour
description: The impact of climate change on longitudinal distributions of 33 fish species in the mainstem rivers of the South Saskatchewan River Basin was assessed. Mean July water temperature was the most common variable in multivariate logistic regression models of present-day species' presence followed by slope, nitrate-nitrite, phosphate, turbidity, and channel width. Most water control barriers in the rivers cause an abrupt change in the presence of at least one fish species. Most species' associations were positive, but may not be due to causal relationships. Water temperatures were estimated using a downscaled model of air and water temperatures using climate scenarios from CRCM 3.5 for 2040 and 2080. Local extinctions were predicted for five species and major habitat losses were predicted for three more species under future climates. Substantial expansions in ranges were predicted for eight warm-adapted species and one cool­adapted species. Water control barriers altered future distributions of six species.
Nearly itinerant ferromagnetism in CaNi2 and CaNi3
Creators: name: Jesche, A.
name: Dennis, K. W.
name: Kreyssig, A.
name: Canfield, P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystals of CaNi2 and CaNi3 were successfully grown out of excess Ca. Both compounds manifest a metallic ground state with enhanced, temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility. The relatively high Stoner factors of Z = 0.79 and Z = 0.87 found for CaNi2 and CaNi3, respectively, reveal their close vicinity to ferromagnetic instabilities. The pronounced field dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of CaNi3 at low temperatures (T < 25 K) suggests strong ferromagnetic fluctuations. A corresponding contribution to the specific heat with a temperature dependence of T^3lnT was also observed.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, minor corrections, accepted for publication in PRB
Additional file 1 of Treatment patterns and outcomes in older women with early breast cancer: a population-based cohort study in China
Creators: name: Liu, Xu
name: Zheng, Dan
name: Wu, Yanqi
name: Luo, Chuanxu
name: Fan, Yu
name: Zhong, Xiaorong
name: Zheng, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Univariate and multivariate analysis of disease free survival in all breast cancer patients. Table S2. Multivariate analysis of the effect of treatment on disease free survival in different population.
Understanding midlife women's and men's process of early risk mitigation following an acute coronary syndrome event: a grounded theory study
Creators: name: Parker, Karen
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 104-119
description: Some pages are in colour
description: Understanding the process of risk mitigation is an essential component in cardiac care delivery pathways. However, our understanding about the process of risk mitigation remains fragmented. This information gap widens when challenged to identify gender based differences in the process of risk mitigation, paiiicularly during the acute to community transition period among survivors of an acute coronary syndrome event. The purpose of this study was to address this gap by explicating the stages, strategies and overall process of risk mitigation for mid-life men and women during the early recovery period following an ACS event. Using grounded theory, midlife women and men were interviewed up to 3 times during the first few months following a first ACS event. Critical phases in gender based risk mitigation processes were identified and explained. The results of this study will inform cardiac care delivery models for improved risk mitigation support among mid-life men and women.
title: Working Out Loud zur Unterstützung der Lernenden Bibliothek
Creators: name: Dony, Carina
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Bibliotheken sind Lernorte. Der interne Organisationsaufbau von Bibliotheken weist hingegen bisher wenige Strukturen einer Lernenden Organisation auf. Um die Bereitstellung von Medien und Informationen für Bibliotheksnutzer aufrechtzuerhalten und stetig an deren Bedürfnissen auszurichten (z. B. im Kontext der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung), bedarf es eines gut ausgebildeten Bibliothekspersonals. Klassische Fortbildungskonzepte gehören ebenso dazu, wie der kontinuierliche, persönliche Lernprozess eines jeden Bibliotheksmitarbeiters. Die Methode „Working Out Loud“ kann eingesetzt werden, um diese persönlichen Fähigkeiten auszubauen und eine agile Arbeitsweise anzuregen. Daher wird überprüft, inwiefern Working Out Loud die Lernende Organisation unterstützen kann. Zunächst wird die Methode Working Out Loud und deren Anwendung bei Unternehmen vorgestellt. Dann werden die Kennzeichen von Lernenden Organisationen definiert und auf Bibliotheken angewandt. Angeschlossen wird eine Betrachtung des zwölf Wochenprogramms von Working Out Loud und deren Potential zur Unterstützung der Lernenden Bibliothek. Working Out Loud vermittelt Bibliotheksmitarbeitern durch gezielte Übungen eine offenere Arbeitseinstellung, die sie mit ihren Kollegen innerhalb und außerhalb der Bibliothek zu teilen lernen.
title: Evaluierung und konzeptioneller Vergleich der Complex Event Processing Engine Siddhi anhand Esper
Creators: name: Stenzel, Saskia
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 004 Informatik

description: Das schnelle Verarbeiten großer Datenmengen ist mittlerweile ein wesentlicher Bestandteil in vielen Wirtschaftszweigen, wie zum Beispiel der Finanz- und der Logistikbranche, und somit auch ein wichtiger Erfolgsindikator. Dabei ist es wichtig, dass eingehende Datenströme aus einer Vielzahl von verschiedenen Quellen (z.B. Sensoren oder Geschäftsprozessen) nicht auf langer Zeit persistiert, sondern schnellstmöglich analysiert und auf diese entsprechend reagiert wird. Diese Anforderung wird mithilfe der Softwaretechnologie Complex Event Processing (CEP) umgesetzt. Die eintreffenden Daten eines Datenstroms werden in CEP als Ereignisse bezeichnet, die eine Zustandsänderung des Systems repräsentieren.
Eines der Hauptziele von CEP ist es, aus einfachen Ereignissen aggregierte, d.h. komplexe Ereignisse einer höheren Abstraktionsebene zu erzeugen, indem Berechnungen und Korrelationen mit anderen Ereignissen durchgeführt werden oder auch Muster in Ereignisströmen erkannt werden um beispielsweise Auffälligkeiten wie Kreditkartenbetrug aufzuspüren. Der Gebrauch von CEP erfordert entsprechende Komponenten, die auf Ereignisse reagieren und diese weiter behandeln. Als Kernkomponente werden in verteilten Systemen sogenannte CEP Engines eingesetzt, die Ereignismuster in den Datenströmen erkennen. CEP Engines nutzen dabei eine Ereignisanfragesprache, sodass der Benutzer eine Ereignisregel definiert, die permanent Ereignisse nach der festgelegten Bedingung auswertet. Im Laufe der letzten Jahre hat sich eine große Reihe an verfügbaren CEP Engines von unterschiedlichen großen Softwareherstellern wie Oracle, TIBCO, IBM oder SAP angesammelt, sodass die Entscheidung für eine passende CEP Engine für ein verteiltes System schwerfällt. In dieser Arbeit wird die Open-Source CEP Engine namens Siddhi vorgestellt, die als leichtgewichtige und leistungsstarke Engine mit zahlreichen Erweiterungen zur Verarbeitung von Ereignissen veröffentlicht wurde. Das Ziel der Arbeit war dabei, Siddhi auf potenzielle Fähigkeiten zu untersuchen und mithilfe von konzeptionellen sowie technischen Kriterien zu vergleichen und zu evaluieren. Um Siddhi anhand der aufgestellten Kriterien sinnvoll zu bewerten, wurde die etablierte CEP Engine Esper als direkter Vergleichskandidat herangezogen. Des Weiteren wurden beide CEP Engine mit einer selbst erdachten Fallstudie umgesetzt, die eine "Gesundheitsüberwachung" simulieren soll. Am Ende der Arbeit wurde die Bewertung des Vergleichs zwischen Siddhi und Esper tabellarisch zusammengefasst und eine anschließende Beurteilung mithilfe des resultierenden Ergebnis formuliert, wann die Verwendung der CEP Engine Siddhi für empfehlenswert erscheint.
Universal exit probabilities in the TASEP
Creators: name: Poghosyan, S. S.
name: Povolotsky, A. M.
name: Priezzhev, V. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the joint exit probabilities of particles in the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) from space-time sets of given form. We extend previous results on the space-time correlation functions of the TASEP, which correspond to exits from the sets bounded by straight vertical or horizontal lines. In particular, our approach allows us to remove ordering of time moments used in previous studies so that only a natural space-like ordering of particle coordinates remains. We consider sequences of general staircase-like boundaries going from the northeast to southwest in the space-time plane. The exit probabilities from the given sets are derived in the form of Fredholm determinant defined on the boundaries of the sets. In the scaling limit, the staircase-like boundaries are treated as approximations of continuous differentiable curves. The exit probabilities with respect to points of these curves belonging to arbitrary space-like path are shown to converge to the universal Airy$_2$ process.
description: 46 pages, 7 figures
Quantifying Spatiotemporal Chaos in Rayleigh-Bénard Convection
Creators: name: Karimi, Alireza
name: Paul, Mark R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using large-scale parallel numerical simulations we explore spatiotemporal chaos in Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a cylindrical domain with experimentally relevant boundary conditions. We use the variation of the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents and the leading order Lyapunov vector with system parameters to quantify states of high-dimensional chaos in fluid convection. We explore the relationship between the time dynamics of the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents and the pattern dynamics. For chaotic dynamics we find that all of the Lyapunov exponents are positively correlated with the leading order Lyapunov exponent and we quantify the details of their response to the dynamics of defects. The leading order Lyapunov vector is used to identify topological features of the fluid patterns that contribute significantly to the chaotic dynamics. Our results show a transition from boundary dominated dynamics to bulk dominated dynamics as the system size is increased. The spectrum of Lyapunov exponents is used to compute the variation of the fractal dimension with system parameters to quantify how the underlying high-dimensional strange attractor accommodates a range of different chaotic dynamics.
Leptotrema
Creators: name: Braet, Yves
name: Achterberg, Cees Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Ostropales
Graphidaceae
Leptotrema

description: Key to species of the genus Leptotrema van Achterberg
 1. Fore femur with one wide triangular tooth ventrally; fore and middle femora without minute pegs latero-ventrally; antenna of female with 18–20 segments (male up to 23); Europe, China (Fujian)..................... L. dentifemur (Stelfox, 1943)
- Fore femur at most with a slender tooth ventrally (Fig. 18); fore and middle femora with 2–5 minute pegs latero-ventrally (Figs 19, 21); antenna of female with 20–28 segments............................................................ 2
 2. Propodeum smooth except for a complete medio-longitudinal carina connected to some crenulae (Fig. 23); fore femur with one slender ventral tooth (Fig. 18); fore and middle femora with row of 3–5 minute pegs latero-ventrally (Figs 19, 21) and hind femur without pegs; antenna of female with 20–22 segments; Papua New Guinea.................................................................................................. L. wilhelmense Braet & van Achterberg, sp. nov.
 - Propodeum with transverse and longitudinal carinae and more or less rugulose; fore femur without a slender ventral tooth; all femora with row of 2–3 minute pegs latero-ventrally; antenna of female with about 28 segments; India (Himachal Pradesh)......................................................................... L. bovefemora (Bhat, 1979) comb. n.
description: Published as part of Braet, Yves & Achterberg, Cees Van, 2014, A new genus and two new species of Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Papua New Guinea, pp. 189-197 in Zootaxa 3869 (2) on page 194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3869.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/226146
The Term Structure of Forward Exchange Rates and the Forecastability of Spot Exchange Rates: Correcting the Errors
Creators: name: Clarida, Richard H.
name: Taylor, Mark P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics
Finance

description: This paper revisits one of the oldest questions in international finance: does the forward exchange rate contain useful information about of the future path of the spot exchange rate? We present a theoretical framework and provide evidence that challenges the common view (Mussa (1979); Dornbusch (1980); Frenkel (1981); Cumby-Obstfeld (1984) that forward premia contain little information regarding subsequent changes in the spot exchange rate. Using weekly dollar-DM and dollar-sterling data on spot exchange rates and 1, 3, 6., and 12 month forward exchange rates, we find that, as predicted by the theoretical framework the term structure of forward exchange rates together with the spot exchange rate comprise a system that is well represented by a vector vector correction model. Employing Johansen's (1991) maximum likelihood approach, we test and confirm for each country the existence of 4 cointegrating relationships as predicted by the theory. We then test and confirm for each country the joint hypothesis that a basis for this cointegrating space is the vector of 4 forward premia. We next test, and reject for each country, the hypothesis that the spot exchange rate is weekly exogenous with respect to the term structure of forward rates. Out-of-sample simulations indicate that the information contained in the term structure of forward premia can be used to reduce the mean squared error in forecasting the spot rate by at least 33 percent at 6 month horizon and 50 percent at a 1 year horizon.
The MRPC-based ALICE Time-Of-Flight detector: status and performance
Creators: name: Alici, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large Time-Of-Flight (TOF) array is one of the main detectors devoted to charged hadron identification in the mid-rapidity region of the ALICE experiment at the LHC. It allows separation among pions, kaons and protons up to a few GeV/c, covering the full azimuthal angle and -0.9 < eta < 0.9. The TOF exploits the innovative MRPC technology capable of an intrinsic time resolution better than 50 ps with an efficiency close to 100% and a large operational plateau; the full array consists of 1593 MRPCs covering a cylindrical surface of 141 m2. The TOF detector has been efficiently taking data since the first pp collisions recorded in ALICE in December 2009. In this report, the status of the TOF detector and the performance achieved for both pp and Pb--Pb collisions are described.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
A high-flux cold atom source based on a nano-structured atom chip
Creators: name: Heine, Hendrik
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atom chip
subject: atomchip
subject: grating magneto-optical trap
subject: gMOT
subject: Bose-Einstein Condensate
subject: BEC
subject: Atom Chip
subject: Gitter magneto-optische Falle
subject: Bose-Einstein Kondensat
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Modern physics is challenged by existential questions about the most fundamental interactions of matter. While three of the four known fundamental forces are modeled in the grand unified theory [1], gravity seems to be incompatible in its current formulation. Many physicists search to unify them, but often the invented models violate well-tested assumptions such as the Einstein Equivalence Principle, a cornerstone of General Relativity. Despite macroscopic tests of this principle have already been carried out to high precision [2–4], quantum tests exploiting matter-wave interferometry [5–7] may provide complementary information [8] with even higher precision [9–11]. These yield their ultimate performance with Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) over long evolution times as conventionally achieved by free-fall in space [12]. As such, a new generation of high performance BEC sources is required with strict budgets on size, weight and power demands. Efforts to miniaturize these sources have been pursued with promising results using atom chips [13–15], but further miniaturization of these setups is necessary. In an attempt to simplify the usage of atom chips, the following thesis describes the development of a nano-structured atom chip that allows for single-beam magneto-optical trapping. The chip is implemented in a dedicated atom chip test facility that has been planned, built and characterized in the scope of this thesis. The facility features a state-of-the-art master oscillator power amplifier laser system, compact control electronics [13,15–17] and a high-flux 2D+-MOT as an atomic source. Despite the simplified setup, magneto-optical trapping of 1.1 × 10^9 Rubidium atoms was achieved within 1 s which is comparable to other atom chip setups and well above previous achievements with grating MOTs [18–23]. Illuminating the grating with a beam profile from a custom-built top-hat beam expander was instrumental to achieve balanced laser cooling in a large volume above the grating. This allowed to cool 4.7 × 10^8 atoms to 13 µK and transfer 2.4 × 10^8 atoms into a large-volume Ioffe-Pritchard type magnetic chip trap, demonstrating the required mode-matching between the laser cooled atoms and the magnetic trap. The trapped atoms were then used to characterize the magnetic field environment of the test facility using radio frequency spectroscopy gauging the surrounding magnetic bias coils. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using a nano structured atom chip to build a single-beam BEC source which could become the foundation of future high-performance quantum sensors on ground and in space.
title: Die gesetzliche Frauenquote in Deutschland
Creators: name: Amling, Svenja
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 360 Soziale Probleme, Sozialdienste, Versicherungen

description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird auf eine per Gesetz vorgeschriebene Frauenquote in Deutschland eingegangen. Im Fokus steht die Frage, ob Frauendiskriminierung durch eine solche Vorschrift tatsächlich bekämpft werden kann oder ob vielmehr die Männer diskriminiert würden. Zudem werden mögliche Unterschiede in den Führungsstilen zwischen Frauen und Männern untersucht sowie einige bereits vorhandene Frauenquoten in Politik und Wirtschaft vorgestellt.
The Realities and Relevance of Japan's Great Recession: Neither Ran nor Rashomon
Creators: name: Posen, Adam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Commerce

description: Japan's Great Recession was the result of a series of macroeconomic and financial policy mistakes. Thus, it was largely avoidable once the initial shock from the bubble bursting had passed. The aberration in Japan's recession was not the behaviour of growth, which is best seen as a series of recoveries aborted by policy errors. Rather, the surprise was the persistent steadiness of limited deflation, even after recovery took place. This is a more fundamental challenge to our basic macroeconomic understanding than is commonly recognized. The UK and US economies are at low risk of having recurrent recessions through macroeconomic policy mistakes—but deflation itself cannot be ruled out. The United Kingdom worryingly combines a couple of financial parallels to Japan with far less room for fiscal action to compensate for them than Japan had. Also, Japan did not face poor prospects for external demand and the need to reallocate productive resources across export sectors during its Great Recession. Many economies do now face this challenge simultaneously, which may limit the pace of, and their share in, the global recovery.
Management of the United States-Japan trade relationship and its implications for the Pacific Basin economies
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This short paper focuses on the three main dimensions of the U.S.-Japan trade relationship: macroeconomic, namely the overall immense respective trade and current account deficits and surpluses; microeconomic, namely sectoral issues of American business access to Japanese markets (and, less marred by bilateral frictions but of systemic importance, the nature of restrictions of Japanese access to U.S. markets); and systemic, namely the way in which the resolution of bilateral trade issues affect the rules of the game and nature of the GATT-based, multilateral, relatively open international trading system. Recent trends and their causes are assessed, as are current policy issues and actions, and the important implications are drawn. In the final section the effects on other Pacific Basin economies are considered; that discussion is relevant for the world as a whole though the management of the U.S.-Japan trade relationship has a particularly large Pacific Basin impact.
On asymmetric brane creation
Creators: name: Zhang, Hongsheng
name: Guo, Zongkuan
name: Chen, Chiyi
name: Li, Xin-Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exhaust the brane instanton solutions---an Einstein brane inhabiting at different positions in a 5-dimensional Einstein bulk with negative curvature. We construct a brane instanton model consisting of a brane with asymmetric bulk along two sides of the brane. And the junction condition of the resulting space-time is analyzed in the frame of induced gravity (DGP model). In spirits of quantum gravity of path integral formulism we calculate the Euclidean actions on three canonical paths and then compare the Euclidean actions of different instantons per unit 4-volume. We also compare the Euclidean actions per unit 4-volume of instantons, which consist of a brane gluing to a fixed half, with other Euclidean actions of halves possessing different cosmological constants.
description: 20 pages, JHEP in press. It is a significantly improved version of hep-th/0412317
title: Open Educational Resources (OER). Aktuelle Entwicklungen und neue Herausforderungen für Bibliotheken im Zusammenhang mit dem Zugang von Flüchtlingen an deutsche Hochschulen.
Creators: name: Stummeyer, Sabine
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Open Educational Resources (OER) sind offen lizensierte und frei zugängliche Lehr- und Lernmaterialien, deren Inhalte übernommen, angepasst und unter der gleichen Lizenz weiter verbreitet werden dürfen. Sie stellen einen wichtigen Beitrag zum lebenslangen Lernen dar. In Zusammenhang mit dem wechselnden Rollenverständnis von Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken hin zu einem Lernort, gewinnen OER zunehmend an Bedeutung. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Nutzung und dem Umgang von OER in Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken. Dargestellt an ausgewählten Beispielen im Zusammenhang mit dem Studium von Flüchtlingen an der KIRON-Universität und deren Zugang zu deutschen Hochschulen. Abschließend gibt diese Arbeit einen Ausblick auf Bereiche, aus denen Bibliotheken zukünftige Dienstleistungen für Ihre Trägereinrichtungen im Bereich der OER entwickeln können. Die Arbeit basiert auf einer Prüfungsleistung vom 14.02.2016 in der Lehrveranstaltung „Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Informationsmanagement“ unter Frau Dr. Ina Blümel.
description: Digitale Bibliothek - Offene Wissenschaft, 3