cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical investigation on turbulent convection enhancement in minichannel heat sink with staggered V-shaped pin fins
Creators: name: Gu, Weibo
name: Zhang, Xiang
name: Zhang, Bohan
name: Lin, Qisen
name: Jia, Zhicheng
name: Liu, Feng
name: Qiu, Jingjiang
name: He, Yong
name: Li, Qian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: With the continuous advancements in new energy vehicle technology, the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) thermal properties have a direct impact on power system reliability. In this article, a minichannel heat sink with staggered V-shaped pin fins (SVPF) is investigated through both experimental and numerical approaches. Initially, the heat transfer performance of SVPF and conventional minichannel heat sink was analyzed using the CFD numerical simulation method. Subsequently, numerical and experimental validation was carried out by assessing the Nusselt number and turbulence characteristics of SVPF. Finally, an in-depth analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of SVPF geometric parameters on the turbulent characteristics and heat transfer performance of the minichannel heat sink. The results demonstrate that SVPF exhibits superior hydrothermal performance, which could maintain better heat transfer performance while simultaneously reducing the friction factor of minichannels. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of three-dimensional pin fins minichannels heat sink.
Dry synthesis of bi-layer nanoporous metal films as plasmonic metamaterial
Creators: name: Caligiuri, Vincenzo
name: Kwon, Hyunah
name: Griesi, Andrea
name: Ivanov, Yurii P.
name: Schirato, Andrea
name: Alabastri, Alessandro
name: Cuscunà, Massimo
name: Balestra, Gianluca
name: De Luca, Antonio
name: Tapani, Tlek
name: Lin, Haifeng
name: Maccaferri, Nicolo
name: Krahne, Roman
name: Divitini, Giorgio
name: Fischer, Peer
name: Garoli, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanoporous metals are a class of nanostructured materials finding extensive applications in multiple fields thanks to their unique properties attributed to their high surface area and interconnected nanoscale ligaments. They can be pre-pared following different strategies, but the deposition of an arbitrary pure porous metal is still challenging. Recently, a dry synthesis of nanoporous films based on the plasma treat-ment of metal thin layers deposited by physical vapour deposition has been demonstrated, as a general route to form pure nanoporous films from a large set of metals. An interest-ing aspect related to this approach is the possibility to apply the same methodology to deposit the porous films as a multilayer. In this way, it is possible to explore the properties of different porous metals in close contact. As demonstrated in this paper, interesting plasmonic properties emerge in a nanoporous Au-Ag bi-layer. The versatility of the method coupled with the possibility to include many different metals, provides an opportunity to tailor their optical resonances and to exploit the chemical and mechanical properties of compo-nents, which is of great interest to applications ranging from sensing, to photochemistry and photocatalysis.
Two new metabolites from Daldinia eschscholtzii, an endophytic fungus derived from Pogostemon cablin
Creators: name: Liu, Hong-Xin
name: Tan, Hai-Bo
name: Sai-Ni Li
name: Chen, Yu-Chan
name: Hao-Hua Li
name: Zhang, Wei-Min
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The chemical investigation of the mycelia of endophytic fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii A630, which was isolated from the medicinal plant Pogostemon cablin, resulted in the isolation of two new compounds, named eschscholin A (1), 3-ene-2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-5-ol (2), and one new natural product 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one (3), along with seven known compounds. Their structures were fully characterized by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis, and in comparison with published data for known compounds. All of the isolated compounds (1–10) were evaluated for their antibacterial activities.
Möbius disjointness for $C^{1 + \varepsilon}$ skew products
Creators: name: de Faveri, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A45 (Primary), 11J70 (Secondary)

description: We show that for $\varepsilon > 0$, every $C^{1 + \varepsilon}$ skew product on $\mathbb{T}^2$ over a rotation of $\mathbb{T}^1$ satisfies Sarnak's conjecture. This is an improvement of earlier results of Kulaga-Przymus-Lemańczyk, Huang-Wang-Ye, and Kanigowski-Lemańczyk-Radziwill.
description: 16 pages. To appear in IMRN
Advances in the kinetics of heat and mass transfer in near-continuous complex flows
Creators: name: Xu, Aiguo
name: Zhang, Dejia
name: Gan, Yanbiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of macro continuous flow has a long history. Simultaneously, the exploration of heat and mass transfer in small systems with a particle number of several hundred or less has gained significant interest in the fields of statistical physics and nonlinear science. However, due to absence of suitable methods, the understanding of mesoscale behavior situated between the aforementioned two scenarios, which challenges the physical function of traditional continuous fluid theory and exceeds the simulation capability of microscopic molecular dynamics method, remains considerably deficient. This greatly restricts the evaluation of effects of mesoscale behavior and impedes the development of corresponding regulation techniques. To access the mesoscale behaviors, there are two ways: from large to small and from small to large. Given the necessity to interface with the prevailing macroscopic continuous modeling currently used in the mechanical engineering community, our study of mesoscale behavior begins from the side closer to the macroscopic continuum, that is from large to small. Focusing on some fundamental challenges encountered in modeling and analysis of near-continuous flows, we review the research progress of discrete Boltzmann method (DBM). The ideas and schemes of DBM in coarse-grained modeling and complex physical field analysis are introduced. The relationships, particularly the differences, between DBM and traditional fluid modeling as well as other kinetic methods are discussed. After verification and validation of the method, some applied researches including the development of various physical functions associated with discrete and non-equilibrium effects are illustrated. Future directions of DBM related studies are indicated.
description: Topic Review: 99 pages, 51 figures
Half-magnetization plateau and the origin of threefold symmetry breaking in an electrically-switchable triangular antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Haley, Shannon C.
name: Maniv, Eran
name: Cookmeyer, Tessa
name: Maksimovic, Nikola
name: Parker, Daniel E.
name: John, Caolan
name: Doyle, Spencer
name: Weber, Sophie F.
name: Neaton, Jeffrey B.
name: Singleton, John
name: Analytis, James G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform high-field magnetization measurements on the triangular lattice antiferromagnet Fe$_{1/3}$NbS$_2$. We observe a plateau in the magnetization centered at approximately half the saturation magnetization over a wide range of temperature and magnetic field. From density functional theory calculations, we determine a likely set of magnetic exchange constants. Incorporating these constants into a minimal Hamiltonian model of our material, we find that the plateau and of the $Z_3$ symmetry breaking ground state both arise from interplane and intraplane antiferromagnetic interactions acting in competition. These findings are pertinent to the magneto-electric properties of Fe$_{1/3}$NbS$_2$, which allow electrical switching of antiferromagnetic textures at relatively low current densities.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, supplemental material on request
Uncertainties associated with GAN-generated datasets in high energy physics
Creators: name: Matchev, Konstantin T.
name: Roman, Alexander
name: Shyamsundar, Prasanth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) trained on samples of traditionally simulated collider events have been proposed as a way of generating larger simulated datasets at a reduced computational cost. In this paper we point out that data generated by a GAN cannot statistically be better than the data it was trained on, and critically examine the applicability of GANs in various situations, including a) for replacing the entire Monte Carlo pipeline or parts of it, and b) to produce datasets for usage in highly sensitive analyses or sub-optimal ones. We present our arguments using information theoretic demonstrations, a toy example, as well as in the form of a formal statement, and identify some potential valid uses of GANs in collider simulations.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures. Revised submission to SciPost
Biogeography of Chilean Charophytes – determined by climate or by water chemistry?
Creators: name: H. Schubert
name: I. Blindow
name: D. Schories
name: M. Mages
name: W. Von Tümpling
name: S. Woelfl
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Distinct distribution patterns were observed for several species of charophytes during a survey in Chile. We attempted to link these patterns to climatic conditions, but no direct causality between specific climatic factors and charophyte growth conditions could be identified. In this paper, correlations between water chemistry and occurrence of charophytes were tested as an alternative approach to explain the distribution pattern. Datasets with information about conductivity, alkalinity, pH and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulphate and chloride from sites inhabited by at least one charophyte species were analysed by principal component analysis. The results show that the distribution patterns of at least some species can be explained by niche differences with respect to water chemistry. The genera Chara and Nitella are in general well separated by their preferences for a given pH, alkalinity and conductivity range. Within the genus Chara, Chara squamosa, Chara braunii, Chara fulgens, and a yet unidentified taxon Chara sp., differ from this genus-specific pattern with respect to at least one parameter, whereas Chara vulgaris occupies a broad niche, covering almost the full range of all parameters except conductivity. Within the genus Nitella, niche separation by water chemistry was only possible between Nitella tenuissima and Nitella asagrayana. The chemical niche of Chara braunii was more closely related to the niche of the genus Nitella than the niche of other Chara species.
Mem-fractive Properties of Mushrooms
Creators: name: Beasley, Alexander E.
name: Abdelouahab, Mohammed-Salah
name: Lozi, René
name: Powell, Anna L.
name: Adamatzky, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Memristors close the loop for I-V characteristics of the traditional, passive, semi-conductor devices. Originally proposed in 1971, the hunt for the memristor has been going ever since. The key feature of a memristor is that its current resitance is a function of its previous resistance. As such, the behaviour of the device is influenced by changing the way in which potential is applied across it. Ultimately, information can be encoded on memristors. Biological substrates have already been shown to exhibit some memristive properties. However, many memristive devices are yet to be found. Here we show that the fruit bodies of grey oyster fungi Pleurotus ostreatus exhibit memristive behaviours. This paper presents the I-V characteristics of the mushrooms. By examination of the conducted current for a given voltage applied as a function of the previous voltage, it is shown that the mushroom is a memristor. Our results demonstrate that nature continues to provide specimens that hold these unique and valuable electrical characteristics and which have the potential to advance the field of hybrid electronic systems.
description: 26 pages, 37 figures
Turbulent cascades in a truncation of the cubic Szego equation and related systems
Creators: name: Biasi, Anxo
name: Evnin, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cubic Szego equation has been studied as an integrable model for deterministic turbulence, starting with the foundational work of Gerard and Grellier. We introduce a truncated version of this equation, wherein a majority of the Fourier mode couplings are eliminated while the signature features of the model are preserved, namely, a Lax-pair structure and a nested hierarchy of finite-dimensional dynamically invariant manifolds. Despite the impoverished structure of the interactions, the turbulent behaviors of our new equation are stronger in an appropriate sense than for the original cubic Szego equation. We construct explicit analytic solutions displaying exponential growth of Sobolev norms. We furthermore introduce a family of models that interpolate between our truncated system and the original cubic Szego equation, along with a few other related deformations. All of these models possess Lax pairs, invariant manifolds, and display a variety of turbulent cascades. We additionally mention numerical evidence that shows an even stronger type of turbulence in the form of a finite-time blow-up in some different, closely related dynamical systems.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures, v2: minor correction
Common Information, Matroid Representation, and Secret Sharing for Matroid Ports
Creators: name: Bamiloshin, Michael
name: Ben-Efraim, Aner
name: Farràs, Oriol
name: Padró, Carles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05B35 (Primary) 94A15, 94A62 (Secondary)

description: Linear information and rank inequalities as, for instance, Ingleton inequality, are useful tools in information theory and matroid theory. Even though many such inequalities have been found, it seems that most of them remain undiscovered. Improved results have been obtained in recent works by using the properties from which they are derived instead of the inequalities themselves. We apply here this strategy to the classification of matroids according to their representations and to the search for bounds on secret sharing for matroid ports.
description: Update of the article published in Designs, Codes and Cryptography. 24 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables
Field transformations and invariant quantities in scalar-teleparallel theories of gravity
Creators: name: Hohmann, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study transformations of the dynamical fields - a metric, a flat affine connection and a scalar field - in scalar-teleparallel gravity theories. The theories we study belong either to the general teleparallel setting, where no further condition besides vanishing curvature is imposed on the affine connection, or the symmetric or metric teleparallel gravity, where one also imposes vanishing torsion or nonmetricity, respectively. For each of these three settings, we find a general class of scalar-teleparallel action functionals which retain their form under the aforementioned field transformations. This is achieved by generalizing the constraint of vanishing torsion or nonmetricity to non-vanishing, but algebraically constrained torsion or nonmetricity. We find a number of invariant quantities which characterize these theories independently of the choice of field variables, and relate these invariants to analogues of the conformal frames known from scalar-curvature gravity. Using these invariants, we are able to identify a number of physically relevant subclasses of scalar-teleparallel theories. We also generalize our results to multiple scalar fields, and speculate on further extended theories with non-vanishing, but algebraically constrained curvature.
description: 27 pages, no figures, journal version
The Hopf algebroid structure of differentially recursive sequences
Creators: name: Kaoutit, Laiachi El
name: Saracco, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 12H05, 16S32, 16T05, 34M15, Secondary 05A19, 03D20, 34G10, 41A58

description: A differentially recursive sequence over a differential field is a sequence of elements satisfying a homogeneous differential equation with non-constant coefficients (namely, Taylor expansions of elements of the field) in the differential algebra of Hurwitz series. The main aim of this paper is to explore the space of all differentially recursive sequences over a given field with a non-zero differential. We show that these sequences form a two-sided vector space that admits, in a canonical way, a structure of Hopf algebroid over the subfield of constant elements. We prove that it is the direct limit, as a left comodule, of all spaces of formal solutions of linear differential equations and that it satisfies, as Hopf algebroid, an additional universal property. When the differential on the base field is zero, we recover the Hopf algebra structure of linearly recursive sequences.
description: 28 pages, comments are welcome!
Boiling transitions during droplet contact on superheated nano/micro-structured surfaces
Creators: name: Saneie, Navid
name: Kulkarni, Varun
name: Fezzaa, Kamel
name: Patankar, Neelesh
name: Anand, Sushant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manipulating surface topography is one of the most promising strategies for increasing the efficiency of numerous industrial processes involving droplet contact with superheated surfaces. In such scenarios, the droplets may immediately boil upon contact, splash and boil, or could levitate on their own vapor in the Leidenfrost state. In this work, we report the outcomes of water droplets coming in gentle contact with designed nano/micro-textured surfaces at a wide range of temperatures as observed using high-speed optical and X-ray imaging. We report a paradoxical increase in the Leidenfrost temperature (TLFP) as the texture spacing is reduced below a critical value (~10 um). Although droplets on such textured solids appear to boil upon contact, our studies suggest that their behavior is dominated by hydrodynamic instabilities implying that the increase in TLFP may not necessarily lead to enhanced heat transfer. On such surfaces, the droplets display a new regime characterized by splashing accompanied by a vapor jet penetrating through the droplets before they transition to the Leidenfrost state. We provide a comprehensive map of boiling behavior of droplets over a wide range of texture spacings that may have significant implications towards applications such as electronics cooling, spray cooling, nuclear reactor safety and containment of fire calamities.
description: Navid Saneie and Varun Kulkarni contributed equally to this work. V1.1, 8 pages, 4 figures
Excitation-Energy Transfer and Vibronic Relaxation through Light-Harvesting Dendrimer Building Blocks: a Nonadiabatic Perspective
Creators: name: Galiana, Joachim
name: Lasorne, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light-harvesting excitonic properties of poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) extended dendrimers (tree-like π-conjugated macromolecules) involve a directional cascade of local excitation-energy transfer (EET) processes occurring from the "leaves" (shortest branches) to the "trunk" (longest branch), which can be viewed from a vibronic perspective as a sequence of internal conversions occurring among a connected graph of nonadiabatically coupled locally-excited (LE) electronic states via conical intersections. The smallest PPE building block able to exhibit EET, the asymmetrically meta-substituted PPE oligomer with one acetylenic bond on one side and two parallel ones on the other side (2-ring and 3-ring para-substituted pseudo-fragments), is a prototype and the focus of the present work. From time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) electronic-structure calculations of the molecule as regards its first two nonadiabatically coupled, optically active, singlet excited states, we built a (1+2)-state-8-dimensional vibronic-coupling Hamiltonian (VCH) model for running multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (MCTDH) wavepacket relaxations and propagations, yielding both steady-state absorption and emission spectra, as well as real-time dynamics. The EET process from the shortest branch to the longest one occurs quite efficiently (about 80% quantum yield) within the first 25 fs after light excitation and is mediated vibrationally through acetylenic and quinoidal bond-stretching modes together with a particular role given to the central-ring anti-quinoidal rock-bending mode. Electronic and vibrational energy relaxations, together with redistributions of quantum populations and coherences, are interpreted through the lens of a nonadiabatic perspective, showing some interesting segregation among the foremost photoactive degrees of freedom as regards spectroscopy and reactivity.
description: 19 pages of manuscript, 20 pages of supplementary information
Deformations of Calabi-Yau manifolds in Fano toric varieties
Creators: name: Bini, Gilberto
name: Iacono, Donatella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J32, 14J45, 32G10

description: In this article, we investigate deformations of a Calabi-Yau manifold $Z$ in a toric variety $F$, possibly not smooth. In particular, we prove that the forgetful morphism from the Hilbert functor $H^F_Z$ of infinitesimal deformations of $Z$ in $F$ to the functor of infinitesimal deformations of $Z$ is smooth. This implies the smoothness of $H^F_Z $ at the corresponding point in the Hilbert scheme. Moreover, we give some examples and include some computations on the Hodge numbers of Calabi-Yau manifolds in Fano toric varieties.
description: v3: final version to appear in Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo, II. Ser
Expressive Modulation of Neutral Visual Speech
Creators: name: Shaw, Felix
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 80103 Computer Graphics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Applied Computer Science
subject: 190202 Computer Gaming and Animation
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 80104 Computer Vision
subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The need for animated graphical models of the human face is commonplace in the movies, video games and television industries, appearing in everything from low budget advertisements and free mobile apps, to Hollywood blockbusters costing hundreds of millions of dollars. Generative statistical models of animation attempt to address some of the drawbacks of industry standard practices such as labour intensity and creative inflexibility. This work describes one such method for transforming speech animation curves between different expressive styles. Beginning with the assumption that expressive speech animation is a mix of two components, a high frequency speech component (the content) and a much lower-frequency expressive component (the style), we use Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to identify and manipulate these components independently of one another. Next we learn how the energy for different speaking styles is distributed in terms of the low-dimensional independent components model. Transforming the speaking style involves projecting new animation curves into the low-dimensional ICA space, redistributing the energy in the independent components, and finally reconstructing the animation curves by inverting the projection. We show that a single ICA model can be used for separating multiple expressive styles into their component parts. Subjective evaluations show that viewers can reliably identify the expressive style generated using our approach, and that they have difficulty in identifying transformed animated expressive speech from the equivalent ground-truth.
Human Sentence Processing: Recurrence or Attention?
Creators: name: Merkx, Danny
name: Frank, Stefan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have long been an architecture of interest for computational models of human sentence processing. The recently introduced Transformer architecture outperforms RNNs on many natural language processing tasks but little is known about its ability to model human language processing. We compare Transformer- and RNN-based language models' ability to account for measures of human reading effort. Our analysis shows Transformers to outperform RNNs in explaining self-paced reading times and neural activity during reading English sentences, challenging the widely held idea that human sentence processing involves recurrent and immediate processing and provides evidence for cue-based retrieval.
description: This paper will appear in the proceedings of CMCL 2021 to be held June 10th
THE LANGUAGE OF MASS MEDIA
Creators: name: Normurotova, Maftuna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Today we live in a global world that is characterized by a high degree of information. The relevance of media linguistics as a new systematic approach to the study of the media language is due to the fact that media texts are today, one of the most common forms of language existence. Indeed, the second half of the XX–beginning of the XXI century is characterized by the rapid growth of a new sphere of speech consumption and mass communication. Dynamic development of traditional media: print, radio, television, the emergence of new computer information technology, the globalization of the world's information space has a huge impact on the production and distribution of words. All these complex and multifaceted processes require not only scientific understanding but also the development of new paradigms for practical research of the media language.
Balancing Fiscal and Mortality Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Mitigation Measurements
Creators: name: Cruz-Aponte, Mayteé
name: Caraballo-Cueto, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37N25, 37N40, 92B0

description: An epidemic carries human and fiscal costs. In the case of imported pandemics, the first-best solution is to restrict national borders to identify and isolate infected individuals. However, when that opportunity is not fully seized and there is no preventative intervention available, second-best options must be chosen. In this article we develop a system of differential equations that simulate both the fiscal and human costs associated to different mitigation measurements. After simulating several scenarios, we conclude that herd immunity (or unleashing the pandemic) is the worst policy in terms of both human and fiscal cost. We found that the second-best policy would be a strict policy (e.g. physical distancing with massive testing) established under the first 20 days after the pandemic, that lowers the probability of infection by 80%. In the case of the US, this strict policy would save more than 239 thousands lives and almost $170.8 billion to taxpayers when compared to the herd immunity case.
description: https://lettersinbiomath.journals.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/lib/article/view/457
Electronic supplementary methods and figures from Kleptopredation: a mechanism to facilitate planktivory in a benthic mollusc
Creators: name: Willis, Trevor J.
name: Berglöf, Kimberly T. L.
name: McGill, Rona A. R.
name: Musco, Luigi
name: Piraino, Stefano
name: Rumsey, Claire M.
name: Fernández, Tomás Vega
name: Badalamenti, Fabio
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Detailed methods of behavioural assays and stable isotope analysis, and electronic supplementary figures S1 and S2
Cluster rearrangement by chiral charge order in lacunar spinel GaNb$_4$Se$_8$
Creators: name: Kitou, Shunsuke
name: Gen, Masaki
name: Nakamura, Yuiga
name: Tokunaga, Yusuke
name: Arima, Taka-hisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition-metal atoms with d electrons sometimes form clusters in crystals, which significantly affects the physical properties. Such a cluster formation frequently accompanies a change in the crystal system, leading to the presence of domains with different crystal orientations. In particular, the cubic symmetry is rarely retained after the cluster formation. Here, we identify a cubic-to-cubic phase transition in lacunar spinel GaNb$_4$Se$_8$, where the change in the lattice parameter is less than 0.0001%. Each Nb$^{3.25+}$ tetramer with seven 4d electrons is distorted into a Nb$^{3+}$ trimer and a Nb$^{4+}$ monomer induced by charge disproportionation among Nb ions. While the Nb$^{3+}$ trimer with six 4d electrons forms spin-singlets in the sigma-bonding orbitals for three Nb-Nb bonds, a localized S=1/2 spin remains on the Nb$^{4+}$ ion. Furthermore, a local electric dipole moment is induced along the three-fold rotation axis of each distorted tetramer by the cluster rearrangement. The electric dipole moments are regularly arranged to maintain the cubic symmetry, giving rise to chiral order.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures, supporting information
Determination and dissipation of fipronil and its metabolites in/on sugarcane crop
Creators: name: Thirumalaiandi Ramasubramanian
name: Mariappan Paramasivam
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: Fipronil has label claim for managing shoot borer and root borer of sugarcane. The dissipation and metabolism of fipronil in/on sugarcane crop have been studied under tropical field condition by employing a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe sample preparation method and gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector. The method could provide 90.27–98.97% recoveries of target analytes from cane leaves and stem with relative standard deviations of less than 5%. The sulphide, desulfinyl and sulfone metabolites of fipronil were detected along with the parent compound even in the 0-day samples of sugarcane leaves and stem collected 2 h post-foliar spraying. The total residues comprising fipronil and its three major metabolites got dissipated to 4.366 µg/g from the initial deposit of 12.977 µg/g within a day after foliar spray. Fipronil sulphide and fipronil desulfinyl were the major metabolites on sugarcane crop. The residues (both parent compound and total residues) reached below the detectable level of 0.005 µg/g on 7 and 15 days after treatment on stem and leaves, respectively. Half-life of fipronil was less than a day on sugarcane crop. The total residues had the half-life of 1.66 and 0.91 days on leaves and stem, respectively.
Searching for high temperature superconductivity: From Mendeleev to Seiberg-Witten via Madelung and beyond
Creators: name: Kholodenko, Arkady L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently,a noticeable progress had been achieved in the area of high temperature superconductors. The maximum temperature of 250K for LaH(10) and 288K for CSH(8) were reported at the megabar pressures. The highest possible temperatures were achieved by employing hydrides of chemical elements. Empirically, many of these are made of Madelung-exceptional atoms. Here the theoretical background is provided explaining this observation. The, thus far empirical, Madelung rule is controlling Mendeleev's law of periodicity. Although the majority of elements do obey this rule, there are some exceptions. Thus, it is of interest to derive it and its exceptions theoretically in view of experimental findings. As a by product, such a study yields some plausible explanation of the role of Madelung-exceptional atoms in the design of hightemperature superconductors. Thus far the atoms obeying the Madelung rule and its exceptions were studied with help of the relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations. In this work we reobtain both the rule and the exceptions analytically. The newly developed methods are expected to be of value in quantum many-body theory and, in particular, in the theory of high temperature superconductivity. Ultimately, new methods involve some uses of the Seiberg-Witten (S-W) theory known as the extended Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity. Using results of the S-W theory the difference between the Madelung-regular and Madelung-exceptional atoms is explained in terms of the topological transition. Extension of this, single atom, result to solids of respective elements is also discussed
description: 52 pages
Oral administration of oxalate-enriched spinach extract as an improved methodology for the induction of dietary hyperoxaluric nephrocalcinosis in experimental rats
Creators: name: Abhishek Albert
name: Vidhi Tiwari
name: Eldho Paul
name: Ponnusamy, Sasikumar
name: Ganesan, Divya
name: Prabhakaran, Rajkumar
name: Sivakumar, Selvi Mariaraj
name: Selvam Govindan Sadasivam
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: Experimental induction of hyperoxaluria by ethylene glycol (EG) administration is disapproved as it causes metabolic acidosis while the oral administration of chemically synthesized potassium oxalate (KOx) diet does not mimic our natural system. Since existing models comprise limitations, this study is aimed to develop an improved model for the induction of dietary hyperoxaluria, and nephrocalcinosis in experimental rats by administration of naturally available oxalate rich diet. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group I, control; group II rats received 0.75% EG, group III rats fed with 5% KOx diet and group IV and V rats were administered with spinach extract of 250 and 500 mg soluble oxalate/day respectively, for 28 d. Urine and serum biochemistry were analyzed. After the experimental period, rats were sacrificed, liver and kidney tissue homogenates were used for antioxidant and lipid peroxidation assay. Relative change in expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and crystal modulators genes in kidney tissues were evaluated. Tissue damage was assessed by histology studies of liver and kidney. Experimental group rats developed hyperoxaluria and crystalluria. Urine parameters, serum biochemistry, antioxidant profile, lipid peroxidation levels and gene expression analysis of experimental group II and III rats reflected acute kidney damage compared to group V rats. Histopathology results showed moderate hyperplasia in liver and severe interstitial inflammation in kidneys of group II and III than group V rats. Ingestion of naturally available oxalate enriched spinach extract successfully induced dietary hyperoxaluria and nephrocalcinosis in rats with minimal kidney damage.
Emergence of Larkin-Ovchinnikov-type superconducting state in a voltage-driven superconductor
Creators: name: Kawamura, Taira
name: Ohashi, Yoji
name: Stoof, H. T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate a voltage-biased normal metal-superconductor-normal metal (N-S-N) junction. Using the nonequilibrium Green's function technique, we derive a quantum kinetic equation, to determine the superconducting order parameter self-consistently. The derived equation is an integral-differential equation with memory effects. We solve this equation by converting it into a system of ordinary differential equations with the use of a pole expansion of the Fermi-Dirac function. When the applied voltage exceeds the critical value, the superconductor switches to the normal state. We find that when the voltage is decreased from the normal phase, the system relaxes to a Larkin-Ovchinnikov (LO)-type inhomogeneous superconducting state, even in the absence of a magnetic Zeeman field. We point out that the emergence of the LO-type state can be attributed to the nonequilibrium energy distribution of electrons due to the bias voltage. We also point out that the system exhibits bistability, which leads to hysteresis in the voltage-current characteristic of the N-S-N junction.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures
Origin of the Curie-von Schweidler law and the fractional capacitor from time-varying capacitance
Creators: name: Pandey, Vikash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 94C60

description: Most dielectrics of practical purpose exhibit memory and are described by the century-old Curie-von Schweidler law. Interestingly, the Curie-von Schweidler law is the motivation behind an unconventional circuit component called fractional capacitor which due to its power-law property is extensively used in the modeling of complex dielectric media. Unfortunately, the empirical nature of the Curie-von Schweidler law plagues the applications of the fractional capacitor. Here, we derive the Curie-von Schweidler law from a series combination of a resistor and a capacitor with a linear time-varying capacitance. This may possibly be its first derivation from physical principles. However, this required a modification of the classical charge--voltage relation of a capacitor to account for the time-varying capacitance. The limitation of the classical charge-voltage relation and its subsequent modification are justified using appropriate circuit modeling. Consequently, the parameters of the Curie-von Schweidler law and the fractional capacitor gain physical interpretation. The Debye response of dielectrics emerges naturally from the limiting case of the power-law response at short timescales. The obtained results are validated by matching them with the published experimental reports.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Trauma and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a european population-based case-control study from the EURALS consortium
Creators: name: Pupillo, Elisabetta
name: Poloni, Marco
name: Bianchi, Elisa
name: Giussani, Giorgia
name: Logroscino, Giancarlo
name: Zoccolella, Stefano
name: Chiò, Adriano
name: Calvo, Andrea
name: Corbo, Massimo
name: Lunetta, Christian
name: Benoit Marin
name: Mitchell, Douglas
name: Hardiman, Orla
name: Rooney, James
name: Stevic, Zorica
name: Poggio, Monica Bandettini Di
name: Filosto, Massimiliano
name: Cotelli, Maria Sofia
name: Perini, Michele
name: Riva, Nilo
name: Tremolizzo, Lucio
name: Vitelli, Eugenio
name: Damiani, Danira
name: Beghi, Ettore
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objectives: To assess the association between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and previous traumatic events, age of trauma, and site of injury. Methods: A population-based case-control study was performed in five European countries (Italy, Ireland, France, United Kingdom, Serbia). Newly diagnosed ALS patients and matched controls were interviewed to collect relevant demographic factors and exposures. Key clinical features at diagnosis were collected in ALS patients. Trauma was any accidental event causing an injury. Injuries were dated and classified according to cause, severity, type, site, and complications. All exposures were censored five years before symptoms onset. Risks were computed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression models. Results: Five hundred and seventy-five ALS patients and 1150 controls were interviewed. Disabling traumatic events predominated in the cases (OR 1.54 (95% CI 1.24–1.92)) and maintained significance after adjustment, with a significant gradient. A history of 2 + head injuries was associated with an almost three-fold increased risk of ALS. The risk was almost two-fold when trauma occurred at age 35–54 years. Site of injury was uneventful. Conclusions: Traumatic events leading to functional disability or confined to the head are risk factors for ALS. Traumatic events experienced at age 35–54 years carry the highest risk.
BioDynaMo: a general platform for scalable agent-based simulation
Creators: name: Breitwieser, Lukas
name: Hesam, Ahmad
name: de Montigny, Jean
name: Vavourakis, Vasileios
name: Iosif, Alexandros
name: Jennings, Jack
name: Kaiser, Marcus
name: Manca, Marco
name: Di Meglio, Alberto
name: Al-Ars, Zaid
name: Rademakers, Fons
name: Mutlu, Onur
name: Bauer, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivation: Agent-based modeling is an indispensable tool for studying complex biological systems. However, existing simulators do not always take full advantage of modern hardware and often have a field-specific software design. Results: We present a novel simulation platform called BioDynaMo that alleviates both of these problems. BioDynaMo features a general-purpose and high-performance simulation engine. We demonstrate that BioDynaMo can be used to simulate use cases in: neuroscience, oncology, and epidemiology. For each use case we validate our findings with experimental data or an analytical solution. Our performance results show that BioDynaMo performs up to three orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art baseline. This improvement makes it feasible to simulate each use case with one billion agents on a single server, showcasing the potential BioDynaMo has for computational biology research. Availability: BioDynaMo is an open-source project under the Apache 2.0 license and is available at www.biodynamo.org. Instructions to reproduce the results are available in supplementary information. Contact: lukas.breitwieser@inf.ethz.ch, a.s.hesam@tudelft.nl, omutlu@ethz.ch, r.bauer@surrey.ac.uk Supplementary information: Available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4501515
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Amendment of a hardwood biochar with compost tea: effects on plant growth, insect damage and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities
Creators: name: Edenborn, Sherie L.
name: Johnson, Linda M. K.
name: Edenborn, Harry M.
name: Albarran-Jack, Mirna R.
name: Demetrion, Laura D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Biochar is an organic soil amendment that has been shown to improve plant growth and increase resistance to plant diseases and insect damage in certain soils. Organic growers have been known to use compost teas to amend biochar, claiming that this practice adds nutrients and beneficial microorganisms that can improve plant growth and resistance to pathogens and insect pests. However, few data exist to support this hypothesis. This study investigated the effects of a hardwood biochar amended with different types of compost teas and microbial enrichments (prepared from vermicompost) on eggplant (Solanum melongena var. Rosa Bianca) growth, flea beetle (Epitrix fuscula) damage, and soil microbial activity and functional diversity in two temperate soils. No positive short-term effects were observed on eggplant growth or flea beetle damage when biochar amended with compost teas prepared from horse manure, mushroom compost or vermicompost were added to a temperate agricultural soil. However, a second experiment suggested that biochar amended with microbial enrichments from vermicompost tea may improve eggplant growth if matched with the physical and chemical properties of a given soils. Results from Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP) revealed that biochar amended with compost teas altered soil microbial activity and functional diversity differently to that of biochar alone, and that these changes corresponded with plant growth and insect damage.