cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The statistics of BAT-to-XRT flux ratio in GRB: Evidence for a characteristic value and its implications
Creators: name: Kazanas, Demosthenes
name: Racusin, Judith L.
name: Sultana, Joseph
name: Mastichiadis, Apostolos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the statistics of the ratio, ${\cal R}$, between the prompt and afterglow "plateau" fluxes of GRB. This we define as the ratio between the mean prompt energy flux in {\em Swift} BAT and the {\em Swift} XRT one, immediately following the steep transition between these two states and the beginning of the afterglow stage referred to as the "plateau". Like the distribution of many other GRB observables, the histogram of ${\cal R}$~ is log-normal with maximum at a value ${\cal R}_m \simeq 2,000$, FWHM of about 2 decades and with the entire distribution spanning about 5 decades in the value of ${\cal R}$. We note that the peak of the distribution is close to the proton-to-electron mass ratio $({\cal R}_m \simeq m_p/m_e = 1836)$, as proposed to be the case in an earlier publication, on the basis of a specific model of the GRB dissipation process. It therefore appears that, in addition to the values of the energy of peak luminosity ${E_{\rm pk}\sim m_{e} c^2}$, GRB present us with one more quantity with an apparent characteristic value. The fact that the values of both these quantities (\Ep~and \R) are consistent with the same specific model invoked to account for the efficient conversion of their relativistic proton energies to electrons, argues favorably for its underlying assumptions.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, published in the Astrophysical Journal
Mind the Gap: Gaps in Antidepressant Treatment, Treatment Adjustments, and Outcomes among Patients in Routine HIV Care in a Multisite U.S. Clinical Cohort
Creators: name: Mugavero, Michael J.
name: Bengtson, Angela M.
name: Napravnik, Sonia
name: Gaynes, Bradley N.
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Cole, Steven R.
name: Cholera, Rushina
name: Heine, Amy
name: Mathews, W. Christopher
name: Safren, Steven
name: Fredericksen, Rob
name: Christopoulos, Katerina
name: Moore, Richard
name: Mimiaga, Matthew J.
name: O'Clerigh, Conall
name: Crane, Heidi M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Depression affects 20–30% of HIV-infected patients and is associated with worse HIV outcomes. Although effective depression treatment is available, depression is largely untreated or undertreated in this population.
The kinematics and excitation of infrared water vapor emission from planet-forming disks: results from spectrally-resolved surveys and guidelines for JWST spectra
Creators: name: Banzatti, Andrea
name: Pontoppidan, Klaus M.
name: Chávez, José Pérez
name: Salyk, Colette
name: Diehl, Lindsey
name: Bruderer, Simon
name: Herczeg, Greg J.
name: Carmona, Andres
name: Pascucci, Ilaria
name: Brittain, Sean
name: Jensen, Stanley
name: Grant, Sierra
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
name: Kamp, Inga
name: Bosman, Arthur D.
name: Öberg, Karin I.
name: Blake, Geoff A.
name: Meyer, Michael R.
name: Gaidos, Eric
name: Boogert, Adwin
name: Rayner, John T.
name: Wheeler, Caleb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents ground-based spectrally-resolved water emission at R = 30000-100000 over infrared wavelengths covered by JWST (2.9-12.8 $μ$m). Two new surveys with iSHELL and VISIR are combined with previous spectra from CRIRES and TEXES to cover parts of multiple ro-vibrational and rotational bands observable within telluric transmission bands, for a total of $\approx160$ spectra and 85 disks (30 of which are JWST targets in Cycle 1). The general expectation of a range of regions and excitation conditions traced by infrared water spectra is for the first time supported by the combined kinematics and excitation as spectrally resolved at multiple wavelengths. The main findings from this analysis are: 1) water lines are progressively narrower from the ro-vibrational bands at 2-9 $μ$m to the rotational lines at 12 $μ$m, and partly match a broad (BC) and narrow (NC) emission components, respectively, as extracted from ro-vibrational CO spectra; 2) rotation diagrams of resolved water lines from upper level energies of 4000-9500 K show vertical spread and curvatures indicative of optically thick emission ($\approx 10^{18}$ cm$^{-2}$) from a range of excitation temperatures ($\approx 800$-1100 K); 3) the new 5 $μ$m spectra demonstrate that slab model fits to the rotational lines at $> 10$ $μ$m strongly over-predict the ro-vibrational emission bands at $< 9$ $μ$m, implying non-LTE vibrational excitation. We discuss these findings in the context of emission from a disk surface and a molecular inner disk wind, and provide a list of guidelines to support the analysis of spectrally-unresolved JWST spectra.
description: Accepted for publication on AJ
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM AND FIELD OF STUDY AND ITS EFFECT ON ACADEMIC BURNOUT IN STUDENTS OF SHIRAZ UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Creators: name: Mahmoudi, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Regression analysis
Questionnaire survey
SPSS
Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)
Rosenberg self-esteem standardized questionnaire
Pearson correlation
Regression.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 2, 225-232
Multi-scale model of drug induced adaptive resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to polymyxin B
Creators: name: Rao, Gauri G.
name: Krzyzanski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The purpose of this report is to apply multi-scale modeling using the theory of physiologically structured populations (PSP) to develop a mathematical model for antimicrobial resistance based on a heterogeneous distribution of receptors and affinities among bacterial cells. The theory has been tested on data obtained from an in vitro static time-kill infection model analyzing the pharmacodynamics of polymyxin B against Gram-negative bacteria. The drug binding parameter KD (dissociation equilibrium constant) is assumed to vary between the bacterial cells. The PSP model describes the time course of the density distribution of KD upon exposure to cytotoxic drug concentrations. The drug increases the hazard of cell death as a function of receptor occupancy. The initial distribution of KD is described by the Weibull function. Time-kill data were used for model qualification. In vitro static time-kill experiments to evaluate the rate and extent of killing due to polymyxin B against two Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates with differing susceptibilities to polymyxin B were performed over 48 h. The time-kill kinetics data of bacterial load cfu (colony forming units)/mL was used for model qualification. The resistant bacterial population is determined by the balance between growth rate and hazard of cell death controlled by polymyxin B concentrations. There exists a critical KD value below which cells continue to grow. Estimates of shape parameters for distributions of KD yielded unimodal distributions with the modes at 0 nM and the right tails containing approximately 25% of the bacteria. Our findings support a hypothesis that resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to polymyxin B can be at least partially attributed to a drug-induced selection of a subpopulation due to heterogeneity of polymyxin B receptor binding in the bacterial population.
Multiwavelength behaviour of the blazar OJ 248 from radio to γ-rays
Creators: name: Carnerero, M. I.
name: Raiteri, C. M.
name: Villata, M.
name: Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
name: D'Ammando, F.
name: Smith, P. S.
name: Larionov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the multiwavelength behaviour of the blazar OJ 248 at z = 0.939 in the period 2006-2013. We use low-energy data (optical, near-infrared, and radio) obtained by 21 observatories participating in the GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), as well as data from the Swift (optical-UV and X-rays) and Fermi (gamma-rays) satellites, to study flux and spectral variability and correlations among emissions in different bands. We take into account the effect of absorption by the Damped Lyman Alpha intervening system at z = 0.525. Two major outbursts were observed in 2006-2007 and in 2012-2013 at optical and near-IR wavelengths, while in the high-frequency radio light curves prominent radio outbursts are visible peaking at the end of 2010 and beginning of 2013, revealing a complex radio-optical correlation. Cross-correlation analysis suggests a delay of the optical variations after the gamma-ray ones of about a month, which is a peculiar behaviour in blazars. We also analyse optical polarimetric and spectroscopic data. The average polarization percentage P is less than 3 per cent, but it reaches about 19 per cent during the early stage of the 2012-2013 outburst. A vague correlation of P with brightness is observed. There is no preferred electric vector polarisation angle and during the outburst the linear polarization vector shows wide rotations in both directions, suggesting a complex behaviour or structure of the jet and possible turbulence. The analysis of 140 optical spectra acquired at the Steward Observatory reveals a strong Mg II broad emission line with an essentially stable flux of 6.2 e-15 erg cm-2 s-1 and a full width at half-maximum of 2053 km s-1.
description: 16 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables, in press for MNRAS
Computational materials for "Mitochondrial Uncouplers induce proton leak by activating AAC and UCP1"
Creators: name: Bertholet, Ambre
name: Natale, Andrew
name: Bisignano, Paola
name: Suzuki, Junji
name: Fedorenko, Andriy
name: Hamilton, James
name: Brustovetsky, Tatiana
name: Kazak, Lawrence
name: Garrity, Ryan
name: Chouchani, Edward
name: Grabe, Michael
name: Kirichok, Yuriy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This archive contains materials used for preparation of MD simulations, docking experiments, and mathematical modeling described in the article: Bertholet AM, Natale AM, Bisignano P, Suzuki J, Fedorenko A, Hamilton J, Brustovetsky T, Kazak L, Garrity R, Chouchani ET, Brustovetsky N, Grabe M, Kirichok Y. "Mitochondrial Uncouplers induce proton leak by activating AAC and UCP1". Nature 2022.
A note on the substructural hierarchy
Creators: name: Jeřábek, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03B47

description: We prove that all axiomatic extensions of the full Lambek calculus with exchange can be axiomatized by formulas on the $\mathcal N_3$ level of the substructural hierarchy.
description: 11 pages; to appear in Mathematical Logic Quarterly
MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR EVALUATING PROGRAM AND COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Creators: name: Sharma, Sunil Kumar
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Program learning outcomes (PLO)
CLO
KPI
Key Performance Indicators
Learning Assessment Model.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 3, 283-297
Bethe ansatz diagonalization of the Heun-Racah operator
Creators: name: Bernard, Pierre-Antoine
name: Carcone, Gauvain
name: Crampe, Nicolas
name: Vinet, Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Heun-Racah operator is diagonalized with the help of the modified algebraic Bethe ansatz. This operator is the most general bilinear expression in two generators of the Racah algebra. A presentation of this algebra is given in terms of dynamical operators, and allows the construction of Bethe vectors for the Heun-Racah operator. The associated Bethe equations are derived for both the homogeneous and inhomogeneous cases.
ASSESSMENT OF WATER BALANCE IN FOOD TRADE IN THE WATER-SCARCE REGIONS OF NIGERIA
Creators: name: Gozen Elkiran
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Food trade
Crop productions
Water footprint
Water balance
Virtual water
CROPWAT
Imports and exports.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 3, 299-308
A Relationship Between Halo Mass, Cooling, AGN Heating, and the Coevolution of Massive Black Holes
Creators: name: Main, Robert
name: McNamara, Brian
name: Nulsen, Paul
name: Russell, Helen
name: Vantyghem, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive X-ray mass, luminosity, and temperature profiles for 45 galaxy clusters to explore relationships between halo mass, AGN feedback, and central cooling time. We find that radio--mechanical feedback power (referred to here as "AGN power") in central cluster galaxies correlates with halo mass as P$_{\rm mech}$ $\propto$ M$^{1.55\pm0.26}$, but only in halos with central atmospheric cooling times shorter than 1 Gyr. The trend of AGN power with halo mass is consistent with the scaling expected from a self-regulating AGN feedback loop, as well as with galaxy and central black hole co-evolution along the $M_{\rm BH} - σ$ relation. AGN power in clusters with central atmospheric cooling times longer than $\sim 1$ Gyr typically lies two orders of magnitude below those with shorter central cooling times. Galaxies centred in clusters with long central cooling times nevertheless experience ongoing and occasionally powerful AGN outbursts. We further investigate the impact of feedback on cluster scaling relations. We find $L-T$, and $M-T$ relations in clusters with direct evidence of feedback which are steeper than self-similar, but not atypical compared to previous studies of the full cluster population. While the gas mass rises, the stellar mass remains nearly constant with rising total mass, consistent with earlier studies. This trend is found regardless of central cooling time, implying tight regulation of star formation in central galaxies as their halos grew, and long-term balance between AGN heating and atmospheric cooling. Our scaling relations are presented in forms that can be incorporated easily into galaxy evolution models.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Calculating quasinormal modes of Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter black holes using the continued fraction method
Creators: name: Daghigh, Ramin G.
name: Green, Michael D.
name: Morey, Jodin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the scalar, gravitational, and electromagnetic quasinormal mode spectra of Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter black holes using the numerical continued fraction method. The spectra have similar, almost linear structures. With a few exceptions, the low overtone quasinormal modes are consistent with previously obtained results in the literature that use other numerical techniques. The intermediate and high overtone quasinormal modes, in comparison to the Schwarzschild case, converge very quickly to the asymptotic formulas previously obtained by analytic monodromy techniques. In addition, we find a connection between the analytic asymptotic formulas and the purely imaginary modes. In particular, these formulas can be used to predict the bifurcation of the lowest damped electromagnetic modes. Finally, we find no high overtone quasinormal modes with high oscillation frequency and low damping, which had been previously predicted.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, regular article, some typos corrected, new references added, a claim about -2i being a QNM was corrected
Single-Quadrature Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution
Creators: name: Gehring, Tobias
name: Jacobsen, Christian S.
name: Andersen, Ulrik L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most continuous-variable quantum key distribution schemes are based on the Gaussian modulation of coherent states followed by continuous quadrature detection using homodyne detectors. In all previous schemes, the Gaussian modulation has been carried out in conjugate quadratures thus requiring two independent modulators for their implementations. Here, we propose and experimentally test a largely simplified scheme in which the Gaussian modulation is performed in a single quadrature. The scheme is shown to be asymptotically secure against collective attacks, and considers asymmetric preparation and excess noise. A single-quadrature modulation approach renders the need for a costly amplitude modulator unnecessary, and thus facilitates commercialization of continuous-variable quantum key distribution.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Clinical and microbiological characteristics and follow-up of invasive Listeria monocytogenes infection among hospitalized patients: real-world experience of 16 years from Hungary
Creators: name: Kiss, Rebeka
name: Marosi, Bence
name: Korózs, Dorina
name: Petrik, Borisz
name: Lakatos, Botond
name: Szabó, Bálint Gergely
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Nearest shrunken centroids via alternative genewise shrinkages
Creators: name: Choi, Byeong Yeob
name: Lee, Jae Won
name: Bair, Eric
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Nearest shrunken centroids (NSC) is a popular classification method for microarray data. NSC calculates centroids for each class and “shrinks” the centroids toward 0 using soft thresholding. Future observations are then assigned to the class with the minimum distance between the observation and the (shrunken) centroid. Under certain conditions the soft shrinkage used by NSC is equivalent to a LASSO penalty. However, this penalty can produce biased estimates when the true coefficients are large. In addition, NSC ignores the fact that multiple measures of the same gene are likely to be related to one another. We consider several alternative genewise shrinkage methods to address the aforementioned shortcomings of NSC. Three alternative penalties were considered: the smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD), the adaptive LASSO (ADA), and the minimax concave penalty (MCP). We also showed that NSC can be performed in a genewise manner. Classification methods were derived for each alternative shrinkage method or alternative genewise penalty, and the performance of each new classification method was compared with that of conventional NSC on several simulated and real microarray data sets. Moreover, we applied the geometric mean approach for the alternative penalty functions. In general the alternative (genewise) penalties required fewer genes than NSC. The geometric mean of the class-specific prediction accuracies was improved, as well as the overall predictive accuracy in some cases. These results indicate that these alternative penalties should be considered when using NSC.
Phase randomness in a semiconductor laser: Issue of quantum random-number generation
Creators: name: Shakhovoy, Roman
name: Puplauskis, Marius
name: Sharoglazova, Violetta
name: Duplinskiy, Alexander
name: Sych, Denis
name: Maksimova, Elizaveta
name: Hydyrova, Selbi
name: Tumachek, Alexander
name: Mironov, Yury
name: Kovalyuk, Vadim
name: Prokhodtsov, Alexey
name: Goltsman, Grigory
name: Kurochkin, Yury
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gain-switched lasers are in demand in numerous quantum applications, particularly, in systems of quantum key distribution and in various optical quantum random number generators. The reason for this popularity is natural phase randomization between gain-switched laser pulses. The idea of such randomization has become so familiar that most authors use it without regard to the features of the laser operation mode they use. However, at high repetition rates of laser pulses or when pulses are generated at a bias current close to the threshold, the phase randomization condition may be violated. This paper describes theoretical and experimental methods for estimating the degree of phase randomization in a gain-switched laser. We consider in detail different situations of laser pulse interference and show that the interference signal remains quantum in nature even in the presence of classical phase drift in the interferometer provided that the phase diffusion in a laser is efficient enough. Moreover, we formulate the relationship between the previously introduced quantum reduction factor and the leftover hash lemma. Using this relationship, we develop a method to estimate the quantum noise contribution to the interference signal in the presence of phase correlations. Finally, we introduce a simple experimental method based on the analysis of statistical interference fringes, providing more detailed information about the probabilistic properties of laser pulse interference.
SOIL AND ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AGRO-CHERNOZEMS OF SIBERIA
Creators: name: A.A. Shpedt
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Soil science
soil assessment
chernozem map
chernozem soil index, agrochemical index, climate index
soil-ecological index.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 3, 309-318
Spiral-like features in the disc revealed by Gaia DR3 radial actions
Creators: name: Palicio, P. A.
name: Recio-Blanco, A.
name: Poggio, E.
name: Antoja, T.
name: McMillan, P. J.
name: Spitoni, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to explore the actions of the new Gaia DR3 astrometry to find structures in the Galactic disc. We compute the actions and the orbital parameters of the Gaia DR3 stars with full astrometry and velocities assuming an axisymmetric model for the Milky Way. Using Gaia DR3 photometric data, we select a subset of giants stars with better astrometry as control sample. The maps of the percentiles of the radial action J_R reveal spiral-like shape structures. We find a high J_R region centered at R~10.5 kpc of 1 kpc width, as well as three arc-shape regions dominated by circular orbits at inner radii. We also identify the spiral arms in the overdensities of the giant population. We find a good agreement with the literature in the innermost region for the Scutum-Sagittarius spiral arms. At larger radii, the low J_R structure tracks the Local arm at negative X, while for the Perseus arm the agreement is restricted to the X<2 kpc region, with a displacement with respect to the literature at more negative longitudes. We detect a high J_R area at a Galactocentric radii of ~10.5 kpc, consistent with some estimations of the Outer Lindblad Resonance location. We conclude that the pattern in the dynamics of the old stars is consistent in several places with spatial distribution of the spiral arms traced by young populations, with small potential contributions from the moving groups.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Acceptance date: 04 December 2022
NNKTT120, an anti-iNKT cell monoclonal antibody, produces rapid and sustained iNKT cell depletion in adults with sickle cell disease
Creators: name: Schaub, Robert
name: Ataga, Kenneth I.
name: Majerus, Elaine
name: Vichinsky, Elliot P.
name: Field, Joshua J.
name: Mashal, Robert
name: Nathan, David G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells can be activated to stimulate a broad inflammatory response. In murine models of sickle cell disease (SCD), interruption of iNKT cell activity prevents tissue injury from vaso-occlusion. NKTT120 is an anti-iNKT cell monoclonal antibody that has the potential to rapidly and specifically deplete iNKT cells and, potentially, prevent vaso-occlusion. We conducted an open-label, multi-center, single-ascending-dose study of NKTT120 to determine its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety in steady-state patients with SCD. Doses were escalated in a 3+3 study design over a range from 0.001 mg/kg to 1.0 mg/kg. Twenty-one adults with SCD were administered NKTT120 as part of 7 dose cohorts. Plasma levels of NKTT120 predictably increased with higher doses. Median half-life of NKTT120 was 263 hours. All subjects in the higher dose cohorts (0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg) demonstrated decreased iNKT cells below the lower limit of quantification within 6 hours after infusion, the earliest time point at which they were measured. In those subjects who received the two highest doses of NKTT120 (0.3, 1 mg/kg), iNKT cells were not detectable in the peripheral blood for a range of 2 to 5 months. There were no serious adverse events in the study deemed to be related to NKTT120. In adults with SCD, NKTT120 produced rapid, specific and sustained iNKT cell depletion without any infusional toxicity or attributed serious adverse events. The next step is a trial to determine NKTT120’s ability to decrease rate of vaso-occlusive pain episodes.
Orthorhombic and triclinic modifications of the arsenate Cu4O(AsO4)2 and isotypic phosphates Cu4O(PO4)2: strongly frustrated antiferromagnetics
Creators: name: Volkova, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A structural-magnetic models of the orthorhombic and triclinic modifications of the arsenates Cu4O(AsO4)2 and isotypic phosphates Cu4O(PO4)2 has been built and analyzed. Their base elements are the complicated ribbons composed of antiferromagnetic Cu4 tetrahedra. Structurally, these tetrahedra have no shared copper atoms; however, there are strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) couplings between them, both within the complicated ribbons and between them. It has been established that both modifications are strongly frustrated 3-D antiferromagnetics due to competition between the nearest AFM interactions along the edges of the Cu4 tetrahedra and competition between interactions and a multiplicity of long-range secondary AFM and FM interactions. Additionally, a large number of weaker long-range interactions are competing among each other. However, there is a possibility of the ordering Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction in the centrosymmetric orthorhombic modification (Pnma), because two of the three types of magnetic ions, Cu1 and Cu3, are in the partial position 4c, where the ions are not related by the inversion center. In the triclinic modification (P -1) of Cu4O(As(P)O4)2, all four copper ions are in the centrosymmetric equivalent position 2i, which prevents DM interactions. This centrosymmetry will allow magnetic interactions in the triclinic modification of Cu4O(As(P)O4)2 to be still frustrated at lower temperature. It is possible that the triclinic modification of these compounds is a quantum spin liquid.
description: Published in Physica Scripta. 98 (2023) 025824 (20 pages, 7 figures, 1 table) main text + (17 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables) supplementary material; figures simplified , section "Methods" expanded
On G-fractional diffusion models in bounded domains
Creators: name: Angelani, L.
name: Garra, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the recent literature, the g-subdiffusion equation involving Caputo fractional derivatives with respect to another function has been studied in relation to anomalous diffusions with a continuous transition between different subdiffusive regimes. In this paper we study the problem of g-fractional diffusion in a bounded domain with absorbing boundaries. We find the explicit solution for the initial-boundary value problem and we study the first passage time distribution and the mean first-passage time (MFPT). An interestin outcome is the proof that with a particular choice of the function $g$ it is possible to obtain a finite MFPT, differently from the anomalous diffusion described by a fractional heat equation involving the classical Caputo derivative.
description: Accepted by Phys. Rev. E
DESIGN FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABLED HEALTH OPPORTUNITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF BLIND AND WEAK PEOPLE)
Creators: name: Kukushkina, V.A.
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Accessible environment
Universal design
Ergodizain
Design of relief.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 3, 329-333
Computing the least action ground state of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation by a normalized gradient flow
Creators: name: Wang, Chushan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q55, 65N06, 65N35, 35B35

description: In this paper, we generalize the normalized gradient flow method which was first applied to computing the least energy ground state to compute the least action ground state. A continuous normalized gradient flow (CNGF) will be presented and the action diminishing property will be proved to provide a mathematical justification of the gradient flow with discrete normalization (GFDN). Then we use backward-forward Euler method to further discretize the GFDN in time which leads to the GFDN-BF scheme. It is shown that the GFDN-BF scheme preserves the positivity and diminishes the action unconditionally. We compare it with other three schemes which are modified from corresponding ones designed for the least energy ground state and the numerical results show that the GFDN-BF scheme performs much better than the others in accuracy, efficiency and robustness for large time steps. Extensive numerical results of least action ground states for several types of potentials are provided. We also use our numerical results to verify some existing results and lead to some conjectures.
description: 30 pages, 14 figures
DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN RUSSIA IN TERMS OF PROGRAM-TARGET MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: A.S. Lylov
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Rural monitoring
Rural population
Rural employment
Rural quality of life
Rural settlement
Rural analysis
Rural social infrastructure.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 3, 335-344
Quasipotentials for coupled escape problems and the gate-height bifurcation
Creators: name: Ashwin, Peter
name: Creaser, Jennifer
name: Tsaneva-Atanasova, Krasimira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37H05, 70L05

description: The escape statistics of a gradient dynamical system perturbed by noise can be estimated using properties of the associated potential landscape. More generally, the Freidlin and Wentzell quasipotential (QP) can be used for similar purposes, but computing this is non-trivial and it is only defined relative to some starting point. In this paper we focus on computing quasipotentials for coupled bistable units, numerically solving a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman type problem. We analyse noise induced transitions using the QP in cases where there is no potential for the coupled system. Gates (points on the boundary of basin of attraction that have minimal QP relative to that attractor) are used to understand the escape rates from the basin, but these gates can undergo a global change as coupling strength is changed. Such a global gate-height bifurcation is a generic qualitative transitions in the escape properties of parametrised non-gradient dynamical systems for small noise.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures including supplementary material
CREATIVITY-BASED INTEGRATION PEOPLE WITH LIMITED OPPORTUNITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF CREATING ARTISTIC PRODUCTS OF METAL CLAY
Creators: name: E.A.Kulishova
Publisher: name: TUENGR Group
Year: 2019
Subjects: Universal design
barrier-free environment
PMC (Precious Metal Clay)
art therapy.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10, 3, 345-350
Monolithically integrated, broadband, high-efficiency silicon nitride-on-silicon waveguide photodetectors in a visible-light integrated photonics platform
Creators: name: Lin, Yiding
name: Yong, Zheng
name: Luo, Xianshu
name: Azadeh, Saeed Sharif
name: Mikkelsen, Jared
name: Sharma, Ankita
name: Chen, Hong
name: Mak, Jason C. C.
name: Lo, Patrick G. -Q.
name: Sacher, Wesley D.
name: Poon, Joyce K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Visible and near-infrared spectrum photonic integrated circuits are quickly becoming a key technology to address the scaling challenges in quantum information and biosensing. Thus far, integrated photonic platforms in this spectral range have lacked integrated photodetectors. Here, we report the first silicon nitride-on-silicon waveguide photodetectors that are monolithically integrated in a visible light photonic platform on silicon. Owing to a leaky-wave silicon nitride-on-silicon design, the devices achieved a high external quantum efficiency of > 60% across a record wavelength span from $λ$ ~400 nm to ~640 nm, an opto-electronic bandwidth up to 9 GHz, and an avalanche gain-bandwidth product up to 173 $\pm$ 30 GHz. As an example, a photodetector was integrated with a wavelength-tunable microring in a single chip for on-chip power monitoring.
description: 20 pages, 21 figures
Bosonic Integer Quantum Hall effect in an interacting lattice model
Creators: name: He, Yin-Chen
name: Bhattacharjee, Subhro
name: Moessner, R.
name: Pollmann, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a bosonic model with correlated hopping on a honeycomb lattice, and show that its ground state is a bosonic integer quantum Hall (BIQH) phase, a prominent example of a symmetry protected topological (SPT) phase. By using the infinite density matrix renormalization group method, we establish the existence of the BIQH phase by providing clear numerical evidence: (i) a quantized Hall conductance with $|σ_{xy}|= 2$ (ii) two counter propagating gapless edge modes. Our simple model is an example of a novel class of systems that can stabilize SPT phases protected by a continuous symmetry on lattices and opens up new possibilities for the experimental realization of these exotic phases.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Gravitational radiation contributions to the two-body scattering angle
Creators: name: Almeida, Gabriel Luz
name: Foffa, Stefano
name: Sturani, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the contribution to the two-body scattering angle of a specific class of interactions involving the exchange of gravitational radiative degrees of freedom, including the nonlinear memory process and square of radiation reaction effects. Our computation is performed directly from the equations of motion, thus computing the overall effect of both conservative and dissipative processes. Such contributions provide in principle the last missing ingredients to compute the scattering angle at fifth post-Newtonian, at fourth post-Minkowskian order.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, final version published on PRD
Evolutionarily induced alternative states and coexistence in systems with apparent competition
Creators: name: Schreiber, Sebastian J.
name: Patel, Swati
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D25

description: Predators often consume multiple prey and by mutually subsidizing a shared predator, the prey may reciprocally harm each other. When predation levels are high, this apparent competition can culminate in a prey species being displaced. Coupling quantitative genetics and Lotka-Volterra models, we study how predator evolution alters this and other ecological outcomes. These models account for a trade-off between the predator's attack rates on two prey species. We provide a mathematical characterization of a strong form of persistence--permanence--for which there is a global attractor bounded away from extinction. When the evolutionary dynamics occur at a sufficiently slower time scale than the ecological dynamics, we also characterize attractors and their basins' of attraction using singular perturbation theory and a graphical approach to the eco-evolutionary dynamics. Our results show that eco-evolutionary feedbacks can mediate permanence at intermediate trade-offs in the attack rates. However, at strong trade-offs, permanence is lost. Despite this loss of permanence, there can be attractors supporting coexistence. These attractors, however, may coincide with attractors at which the predator is excluded. Our results highlight that evo-evolutionary feedbacks can alter community structure by mediating coexistence or leading to trait-dependent alternative stable states.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
No prognostic value added by vitamin D pathway SNPs to current prognostic system for melanoma survival
Creators: name: Berwick, Marianne
name: Lee, Ji-Hyun
name: Orlow, Irene
name: Lee, Jeffrey E.
name: Thomas, Nancy E.
name: Luo, Li
name: Kanetsky, Peter A.
name: Fang, Shenying
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The prognostic improvement attributed to genetic markers over current prognostic system has not been well studied for melanoma. The goal of this study is to evaluate the added prognostic value of Vitamin D Pathway (VitD) SNPs to currently known clinical and demographic factors such as age, sex, Breslow thickness, mitosis and ulceration (CDF). We utilized two large independent well-characterized melanoma studies: the Genes, Environment, and Melanoma (GEM) and MD Anderson studies, and performed variable selection of VitD pathway SNPs and CDF using Random Survival Forest (RSF) method in addition to Cox proportional hazards models. The Harrell’s C-index was used to compare the performance of model predictability. The population-based GEM study enrolled 3,578 incident cases of cutaneous melanoma (CM), and the hospital-based MD Anderson study consisted of 1,804 CM patients. Including both VitD SNPs and CDF yielded C-index of 0.85, which provided slight but not significant improvement by CDF alone (C-index = 0.83) in the GEM study. Similar results were observed in the independent MD Anderson study (C-index = 0.84 and 0.83, respectively). The Cox model identified no significant associations after adjusting for multiplicity. Our results do not support clinically significant prognostic improvements attributable to VitD pathway SNPs over current prognostic system for melanoma survival.
AI Poincaré 2.0: Machine Learning Conservation Laws from Differential Equations
Creators: name: Liu, Ziming
name: Madhavan, Varun
name: Tegmark, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a machine learning algorithm that discovers conservation laws from differential equations, both numerically (parametrized as neural networks) and symbolically, ensuring their functional independence (a non-linear generalization of linear independence). Our independence module can be viewed as a nonlinear generalization of singular value decomposition. Our method can readily handle inductive biases for conservation laws. We validate it with examples including the 3-body problem, the KdV equation and nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
The Physics of Learning
Creators: name: Milburn, G. J.
name: Basiri-Esfahani, Sahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A learning machine, like all machines, is an open system driven far from thermal equilibrium by access to a low entropy source of free energy. We discuss the connection between machines that learn, with low probability of error, and the optimal use of thermodynamic resources for both classical and quantum machines. Both fixed point and spiking perceptrons are discussed in the context of possible physical implementations. An example of a single photon quantum kernel evaluation illustrates the important role for quantum coherence in data representation. Machine learning algorithms, implemented on conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices, currently consume large amounts of energy. By focusing on the physical constraints of learning machines rather than algorithms, we suggest that a more efficient means of implementing learning may be possible based on quantum switches operating at very low power. Single photon kernel evaluation is an example of the energy efficiency that might be possible.
description: 44 pages, 27 figures
Analyzing Process-Aware Information System Updates Using Digital Twins of Organizations
Creators: name: Park, Gyunam
name: Comuzzi, Marco
name: van der Aalst, Wil M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Digital transformation often entails small-scale changes to information systems supporting the execution of business processes. These changes may increase the operational frictions in process execution, which decreases the process performance. The contributions in the literature providing support to the tracking and impact analysis of small-scale changes are limited in scope and functionality. In this paper, we use the recently developed Digital Twins of Organizations (DTOs) to assess the impact of (process-aware) information systems updates. More in detail, we model the updates using the configuration of DTOs and quantitatively assess different types of impacts of information system updates (structural, operational, and performance-related). We implemented a prototype of the proposed approach. Moreover, we discuss a case study involving a standard ERP procure-to-pay business process.
Structured type III radio bursts observed in interplanetary space
Creators: name: Jebaraj, Immanuel C.
name: Magdalenić, Jasmina
name: Krasnoselskikh, Vladimir
name: Krupar, Vratislav
name: Poedts, Stefaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The last few decades has seen numerous studies dedicated to fine structures of type III radio bursts observed in the metric to decametric wavelengths. Majority of explanations of the structured radio emission involve the propagation of electron beam through the strongly inhomogeneous plasma in the low corona. Until now only few studies of single type III bursts with fine structures, observed in the hecto-kilometric wavelengths, were reported. Aims: Herein we report about existence of numerous structured type III radio bursts observed during the STEREO era by all three WAVES instruments on board STEREO A, B, and Wind. The aim of the study is to report, classify structured type III bursts, and present the characteristics of their fine structures. The final goal is to try to understand the physical mechanism responsible for the generation of structured radio emission. Methods: In this study we used data from all available spacecraft, specifically the STEREO and the Wind spacecraft. We employ 1D density models to obtain the speed of the source of type III radio emission, the electron beam. We also perform spectral analysis of the fine structures in order to compare their characteristics with the metric-decametric fine structures. Results: The presented similarities of the type III fine structures in the metric to decametric and interplanetary wavelengths indicate that the physical processes responsible for the generation of structured type III radio bursts could be the same, at the heights, all the way from the low corona to the interplanetary range. We show that the observed structuring and intermittent nature of the type III bursts can be explained by the variation in the level of density fluctuations, at different distances from the Sun.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures
The FLASHForward Facility at DESY
Creators: name: Aschikhin, A.
name: Behrens, C.
name: Bohlen, S.
name: Dale, J.
name: Delbos, N.
name: di Lucchio, L.
name: Elsen, E.
name: Erbe, J. -H.
name: Felber, M.
name: Foster, B.
name: Goldberg, L.
name: Grebenyuk, J.
name: Gruse, J. -N.
name: Hidding, B.
name: Hu, Zhanghu
name: Karstensen, S.
name: Knetsch, A.
name: Kononenko, O.
name: Libov, V.
name: Ludwig, K.
name: Maier, A. R.
name: de la Ossa, A. Martinez
name: Mehrling, T.
name: Palmer, C. A. J.
name: Pannek, F.
name: Schaper, L.
name: Schlarb, H.
name: Schmidt, B.
name: Schreiber, S.
name: Schwinkendorf, J. -P.
name: Steel, H.
name: Streeter, M.
name: Tauscher, G.
name: Wacker, V.
name: Weichert, S.
name: Wunderlich, S.
name: Zemella, J.
name: Osterhoff, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The FLASHForward project at DESY is a pioneering plasma-wakefield acceleration experiment that aims to produce, in a few centimetres of ionised hydrogen, beams with energy of order GeV that are of quality sufficient to be used in a free-electron laser. The plasma wave will be driven by high-current density electron beams from the FLASH linear accelerator and will explore both external and internal witness-beam injection techniques. The plasma is created by ionising a gas in a gas cell with a multi-TW laser system, which can also be used to provide optical diagnostics of the plasma and electron beams due to the <30 fs synchronisation between the laser and the driving electron beam. The operation parameters of the experiment are discussed, as well as the scientific program.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures