cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hot People: Automated Profiling, Pre-Crime Investigation, and the Fourth Amendment
Creators: name: Duarte, Natasha
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This thesis explores the legal and policy implications of tools that use data mining and automation to predict the likelihood that an individual will commit a future crime. It refers to these algorithms as “automated profiles” because, like analog crime profiles such as the drug courier profile, the algorithms rely on facially innocent characteristics as indicators of criminal activity. The first half of this thesis discusses how the Fourth Amendment case law concerning the drug courier profile might apply to automated profiling. The second half discusses various policy concerns raised by law enforcement agencies’ use of automated profiling systems. This thesis concludes by making several recommendations for the police departments that use these systems, the agencies that may regulate them, the computer scientists who develop them, and the judges who will review them.
title: On-call preliminary trainee discrepancy rates in the evaluation of ovarian torsion and ectopic pregnancy sonograms and the impact on patient management.
Creators: name: Akhtar, Amana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Emergency
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Efficacy studies
subject: Patterns of Care
subject: Outcomes

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: Ovarian torsion and ectopic pregnancy are two commonly made sonographic diagnoses involving time sensitive patient management. At our institution, a large urban academic center in the United States, radiology residents provide a preliminary...
Quasi equilibrium construction for the long time limit of glassy dynamics
Creators: name: Franz, Silvio
name: Parisi, Giorgio
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico
name: Urbani, Pierfrancesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we review a recent proposal to understand the long time limit of glassy dynamics in terms of an appropriate Markov Chain. [1]. The advantages of the resulting construction are many. The first one is that it gives a quasi equilibrium description on how glassy systems explore the phase space in the slow relaxation part of their dynamics. The second one is that it gives an alternative way to obtain dynamical equations starting from a dynamical rule that is static in spirit. This provides a way to overcome the difficulties encountered in the short time part of the dynamics where current conservation must be enforced. We study this approach in detail in a prototypical mean field disordered spin system, namely the p-spin spherical model, showing how we can obtain the well known equations that describes its dynamics. Then we apply the same approach to structural glasses. We first derive a set of dynamical Ornstein-Zernike equations which are very general in nature. Finally we consider two possible closure schemes for them, namely the Hypernetted Chain approximation of liquid theory and a closure of the BBGKY hierarchy that has been recently introduced by G. Szamel. From both approaches we finally find a set of dynamical Mode-Coupling like equations that are supposed to describe the system in the long time/slow dynamics regime.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
The Failings of Conventional Mediation Analysis and a Design-Based Alternative
Creators: name: BULLOCK, JOHN
name: Green, Don
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: causal inference
subject: experimental design
subject: indirect effects
subject: mediation

description: Scholars routinely test mediation claims by using some form of measurement-of-mediation analysis, whereby outcomes are regressed on treatments and mediators in order to assess direct and indirect effects. Indeed, it is rare for an issue of any leading journal of social or personality psychology not to include such an analysis. Statisticians have for decades criticized this method on the grounds that it relies on implausible assumptions, but these criticisms have been largely ignored. After presenting examples and simulations that dramatize the weaknesses of the measurement-of-mediation approach, we suggest that scholars instead use an approach that is rooted in experimental design. We propose implicit mediation analysis, which adds and subtracts features of the treatment in ways that implicate some mediators and not others. We illustrate the approach with examples from recently published articles, explain the differences between the approach and other experimental approaches to mediation, and formalize the assumptions and statistical procedures that allow researchers to learn from experiments that encourage changes in mediators.
Dark Matter from Unification of Color and Baryon Number
Creators: name: Fornal, Bartosz
name: Tait, Tim M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a recently proposed extension of the Standard Model based on the SU(4) x SU(2)_L x U(1)_X gauge group, in which baryon number is interpreted as the fourth color and dark matter emerges as a neutral partner of the ordinary quarks under SU(4). We show that under well-motivated minimal flavor-violating assumptions the particle spectrum contains a heavy dark matter candidate which is dominantly the partner of the right-handed top quark. Assuming a standard cosmology, the correct thermal relic density through freeze-out is obtained for dark matter masses around 2 - 3 TeV. We examine the constraints and future prospects for direct and indirect searches for dark matter. We also briefly discuss the LHC phenomenology, which is rich in top quark signatures, and investigate the prospects for discovery at a 100 TeV hadron collider.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Physical meaning of the radial index of Laguerre-Gauss beams
Creators: name: Plick, William N.
name: Krenn, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Laguerre-Gauss modes are a class of fundamental and well-studied optical fields. These stable, shape-invariant photons - exhibiting circular-cylindrical symmetry - are familiar from laser optics, micro-mechanical manipulation, quantum optics, communication, and foundational studies in both classical optics and quantum physics. They are characterized, chiefly, by two modes numbers: the azimuthal index indicating the orbital angular momentum of the beam - which itself has spawned a burgeoning and vibrant sub-field - and the radial index, which up until recently, has largely been ignored. In this manuscript we develop a differential operator formalism for dealing with the radial modes in both the position and momentum representations, and - more importantly - give for the first time the meaning of this quantum number in terms of a well-defined physical parameter: the "intrinsic hyperbolic momentum charge".
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, comments encouraged
title: Shear Wave Elastography in diagnostics of supraspinatus tendon.
Creators: name: Saltykova, Victoria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Trauma
subject: Elastography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Trauma

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: In this study we aim to define the possible diagnostic features of the Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) during various stages of Calcific tendinitis of the supraspinatus tendon of the shoulder...
The size of the pion from full lattice QCD with physical $u$, $d$, $s$ and $c$ quarks
Creators: name: Koponen, J.
name: Bursa, F.
name: Davies, C. T. H.
name: Dowdall, R. J.
name: Lepage, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first calculation of the electromagnetic form factor of the $π$ meson at physical light quark masses. We use configurations generated by the MILC collaboration including the effect of $u$, $d$, $s$ and $c$ sea quarks with the Highly Improved Staggered Quark formalism. We work at three values of the lattice spacing on large volumes and with $u$/$d$ quark masses going down to the physical value. We study scalar and vector form factors for a range in space-like $q^2$ from 0.0 to -0.1 $\mathrm{GeV}^2$ and from their shape we extract mean square radii. Our vector form factor agrees well with experiment and we find $\langle r^2 \rangle_V = 0.403(18)(6) \,\mathrm{fm}^2$. For the scalar form factor we include quark-line disconnected contributions which have a significant impact on the radius. We give the first results for SU(3) flavour-singlet and octet scalar mean square radii, obtaining: $\langle r^2 \rangle_S^{\mathrm{singlet}} = 0.506(38)(53) \mathrm{fm}^2$ and $\langle r^2 \rangle_S^{\mathrm{octet}} = 0.431(38)(46) \mathrm{fm}^2$. We discuss the comparison with expectations from chiral perturbation theory.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Primary care-based interventions to address social isolation and loneliness in older people: Scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Galvez-Hernandez, Pablo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: integrated systems
subject: loneliness
subject: primary care
subject: scoping review
subject: social isolation

description: Social isolation and loneliness are priority issues in many public health agendas due to their association with increased mortality, cardiovascular and mental diseases. The effects of social isolation and loneliness on health prompted international calls for the involvement of health care systems and professionals to tackle these social problems. Primary care is well-positioned to identify and address loneliness and social isolation in older adults, given its gatekeeper function in many healthcare systems. Understanding how primary care professionals identify these social problems and the characteristics of interventions integrating primary and other sectors when addressing loneliness and social isolation is crucial to inform current and future interventions. To fill this research gap, we will conduct a systematic scoping review of the current research base in primary care-based loneliness and social isolation interventions. In particular, we aim to understand the strategies used by primary care professionals to identify loneliness and social isolation, to describe the characteristics of primary care-based interventions, and to detect facilitators and barriers influencing their implementation.
title: A comparison of different VNA philosophies, their associated configurations and respective properties in deployment
Creators: name: Hart, Paul
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Patterns of Care
subject: Image verification
subject: Cost-effectiveness
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Teleradiology
subject: RIS
subject: PACS
subject: Management
subject: eHealth
subject: Computer applications

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: This short paper seeks to: inform readers regarding the differences between a Vendor Neutral Archive (VNA) and a PACS alert readers with regard to some of the issues to consider when evaluating a VNA and comparing one VNA to another It does not...
The distribution function of the Galaxy's dark halo
Creators: name: Binney, James
name: Piffl, Tilmann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the hypothesis that the Galaxy's dark halo responded adiabatically to the infall of baryons, we have constructed a self-consistent dynamical model of the Galaxy that satisfies a large number of observations, including measurements of gas terminal velocities and masers, the kinematics of a 180,000 giant stars from the RAVE survey, and star count data from the SDSS. The stellar disc and the dark halo are both specified by distribution functions (DFs) of the action integrals. The model is obtained by extending the work of Piffl Penoyre & Binney (2015} from the construction of a single model to a systematic search of model space. Whereas the model of Piffl et al violated constraints on the terminal-velocity curve, our model respects these constraints by adopting a long scale length R_d=3.66 kpc for the thin and thick discs. The model is, however, inconsistent with the measured optical depth for microlensing of bulge stars because it attributes too large a fraction of the density at R
description: 11 pages MNRAS accepted
Three dimensional evaluation of lip position changes after orthodontic appliance removal
Creators: name: Eidson, Lindsey
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: OBJECTIVES: To develop a reproducible method of superimposing 3-D images for measuring soft tissue change over time and to use this method to document changes in lip position after orthodontic appliance removal. METHODS: 3-D photographs of 50 subjects were made in repose and maximum intercuspation before and after orthodontic appliance removal using the 3dMD[registered trademark] stereocamera. For reliability assessment, 2 photographs were repeated for 15 patients. Images were registered on stable areas and surface-to-surface measurements were made for defined landmarks. RESULTS: Mean changes were below the level of clinical significance (set at 1.5mm). However, 51% percent and 18% of subjects experienced changes greater than 1.5mm at the commissures and lower lip, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The use of serial 3-D photographs is a reliable method of documenting soft tissue changes. Soft tissue changes following appliance removal are not clinically significant; however, there is great individual variability. Supported by the AAOF and the SAO.
Three dimensional treatment outcomes in class II patients treated using Herbst: a pilot study
Creators: name: LeCornu, Megan
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: Objective: Limitations of 2D imaging underlie current controversies in Herbst literature regarding skeletal effects of the appliance. 3D imaging techniques overcome these limitations. The purpose of this study was to analyze 3-D skeletal changes in class II patients treated with the Herbst appliance and compare to treated class II controls using 3D superimposition techniques. Methods: This pilot study enrolled 7 consecutively treated Herbst patients and 7 consecutive class II controls (treated with class II elastics). CBCTs were taken pre-treatment (T1) and post- treatment (T2), 3-D models were generated from CBCTs, registered on the anterior cranial bases and analyzed using color map and point-to-point measurements. Results: Herbst patients demonstrated anterior translation of the glenoid fossa and condyles compared to controls, resulting in a difference 2.52mm and 2.94 mm for the right and left anterior fossa, and 1.83 and 2.20 for the right and left posterior fossa (p<0.01). In addition, a maxillary restraining effect was noted in Herbst subjects with a difference of 2.42mm when compared to control subjects (p<0.001). Conclusion: The skeletal effects of the Herbst appliance leading to improvement in the class II profile include remodeling of the glenoid fossa leading to increased mandibular projection, and a maxillary headgear effect.
title: Water Fluctuation Analysis in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Change in Tap Test
Creators: name: Asano, Akihiro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cerebrospinal fluid
subject: Physics
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR physics
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: We have reported that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained from diffusion MRI in the cerebral white matter significantly changed during the cardiac cycle, and this change (delta-ADC) assisted in the diagnosis of idiopathic normal...
title: Spinal Cord Structural Imaging with Suppressed CSF Signal Using DANTE Pulse Trains
Creators: name: Zaitsu, Yuri
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: MR
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Image verification

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: (1) Cerebrospinal fluid flow artifact Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the cervical spine should ideally show anatomical detail surrounded by vertebra and thus needs high spatial resolution. Conventional MR imaging methods for the cervical spine...
Magnetic Field Strengths in Photodissociation Regions
Creators: name: Balser, Dana S.
name: Roshi, D. Anish
name: Jeyakumar, S.
name: Bania, T. M.
name: Montet, Benjamin T.
name: Shitanishi, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure carbon radio recombination line (RRL) emission at 5.3 GHz toward four HII regions with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to determine the magnetic field strength in the photodissociation region (PDR) that surrounds the ionized gas. Roshi (2007) suggests that the non-thermal line widths of carbon RRLs from PDRs are predominantly due to magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) waves, thus allowing the magnetic field strength to be derived. We model the PDR with a simple geometry and perform the non-LTE radiative transfer of the carbon RRL emission to solve for the PDR physical properties. Using the PDR mass density from these models and the carbon RRL non-thermal line width we estimate total magnetic field strengths of B ~ 100-300 micro Gauss in W3 and NGC6334A. Our results for W49 and NGC6334D are less well constrained with total magnetic field strengths between B ~ 200-1000 micro Gauss. HI and OH Zeeman measurements of the line-of-sight magnetic field strength (B_los), taken from the literature, are between a factor of ~0.5-1 of the lower bound of our carbon RRL magnetic field strength estimates. Since |B_los| <= B, our results are consistent with the magnetic origin of the non-thermal component of carbon RRL widths.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJ
title: Assessment of longer post-labeling delays to measure CBF using pseudo-continuous ASL with background suppression
Creators: name: Zaitsu, Yuri
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Technology assessment
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Neuroradiology brain

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: (1) Arterial spin labeling Cerebral artery steno-occlusive lesions cause prolonged arterial transit time (ATT) that is required for delivery of the arterial water to the imaging plane [1]. The choice of post-labeling delay (PLD) and the range of ATT...
title: Using a games console input device to measure mammographic compression plate deformation for accurate breast density assessment
Creators: name: Hewes, Jeremy
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Computer applications
subject: Mammography
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Physics
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Breast density - the ratio of radio-opaque fibroglandular to fatty tissue in the breast -is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer after age [1]. Much of the early work relating density to risk was based on subjective visual assessment...
Daily Social Interactions and Emotional Inertia
Creators: name: Saling, Yehudi
name: Moeck, Ella
name: Koval, Peter
name: Greenaway, Katharine
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: daily life
subject: depressive symptoms
subject: emotional inertia
subject: neuroticism
subject: social interactions

description: A fundamental feature of emotions is the degree to which they persist across time and contexts, known as emotional inertia. Numerous studies have linked higher emotional inertia to indicators of psychological maladjustment, such as neuroticism and depressive symptoms. However, although emotions are theorised to be fundamentally social processes, little is known about how features of the social context relate to dynamic properties of emotion, such as inertia. This project aims to investigate the relationship between social interactions and emotional inertia in daily life. The attached pre-registration uses the following template: Kirtley, O. J., Lafit, G., Achterhof, R., Hiekkaranta, A. P., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2020, March 12). A template and tutorial for (pre-)registration of studies using Experience Sampling Methods (ESM). https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2CHMU We pre-registered on the 26th of August, as per the date the PDF file was uploaded to this project.
CPP Magnetoresistance of Magnetic Multilayers: A critical review
Creators: name: Bass, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive review of data and analysis of Giant (G) Magnetoresistance (MR) with Current-flow Perpendicular-to-layer-Planes (CPP-MR) of magnetic multilayers [F/N]n (n = number of repeats) with alternating nanoscale layers of ferromagnetic (F) and non-magnetic (N) metals. GMR, a large change in resistance when an applied magnetic field changes the moment ordering of adjacent F-layers from anti-parallel (AP) to parallel (P), was discovered in 1988 in the Current-flow-in-layer-Planes (CIP) geometry. The CPP-MR has two advantages over the CIP-MR: (1) it allows more direct access to the underlying physics; and (2) it is usually larger, which should be advantageous for devices. When the first CPP-MR data were published in 1991, it was not clear whether electronic transport in GMR multilayers is fully diffusive or at least partly ballistic. It was not known whether the properties of layers and interfaces would vary with layer thickness or number. It was not known if the CPP-MR would be dominated by scattering within the F-metals or at the F/N interfaces. Nothing was known about: (1) spin-flipping within F-metals, characterized by a spin-diffusion length, l(F)sf; (2) interface specific resistances (AR = area A times resistance R) for N1/N2 interfaces; (3) interface specific resistances and spin-dependent scattering asymmetry at F/N and F1/F2 interfaces; and (4) spin-flipping at F/N, F1/F2 and N1/N2 interfaces. Knowledge of spin-dependent scattering asymmetries in F-metals and F-alloys, and of spin-flipping in N-metals and N-alloys was limited. We show how CPP-MR measurements have quantified the scattering and spin-flipping parameters that determine CPP-MR for a wide range of F- and N-metals and alloys and of F/N pairs. We also review progress in finding techniques and F-alloys and F/N pairs to enhance the CPP-MR to make it more competitive for devices.
description: 140 pages, 104 figures, 18 tables, 379 references
title: Ermittelte Regeln und Erkenntnisse des Regelermittlungsausschusses nach § 46 des Mess- und Eichgesetzes
title: Stand: 15. November 2017
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Regelermittlungsausschuss bei der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2017
Subjects: Regelermittlungsausschuss
REA
Mess- und Eichgesetz
technische Spezifikationen
wesentliche Anforderungen
Verfahren der Konformitätsbewertung
Verwendung von Messgeräten

description: Stand: 15. November 2017
Injection of nonequilibrium quasiparticles into Zeeman-split superconductors: a way to create long-range spin imbalance
Creators: name: Bobkova, I. V.
name: Bobkov, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of spin transport and spin detection in Zeeman-split superconducting films at low temperatures is developed. It is shown that an injection of spin-unpolarized quasiparticles into a Zeeman-split superconductor gives rise to a spin imbalance. The relaxation length of such a spin signal is determined by the energy relaxation length and can be extremely large as compared to the relaxation length of spin-polarized quasiparticles. There can exist two types of signals: due to nonthermalized quasiparticle distribution and due to thermalized overheated electron distribution. They have different decay lengths and can be distinguished by their different dependencies on the applied voltage. The decay length of the nonthermalized signal is determined by the electron-electron scattering rate, renormalized due to superconductivity. The decay length of the thermalized signal is determined by the length on which energy leaves the electronic subsystem and can be very large under special conditions. Applications of the theory to recent experimental data on spin relaxation in Zeeman-split and exchange-split superconductors are discussed. In particular, it can explain the extremely high spin relaxation lengths, experimentally observed in Zeeman-split superconductors, and their growth with the magnetic field and with the applied voltage.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Managing multicultural issues in cities
Creators: name: Burstein, Meyer
Publisher: name: Vancouver Island University - Royal Roads University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Urban policy--Canada
subject: Cultural pluralism--Canada

description: How we manage migration and diversity in our cities will determine our success as a nation. Challenges are mounting: from globalization, from a growing cultural gap between large and small centres, from racism, and from an urgent need to foster civic engagement and integration. Unfortunately, issues surrounding cities have been largely absent from discussions on these matters. Cities have implicated themselves in access and equity remedies, but transport, zoning, and local economic development functions are only now starting to recognize and respond to growing diversity. Greater municipal involvement and better coordination are essential if we are to act constructively.
description: L'avenir de la nation est directement retié à la gestion de la migration et de la diversité des populations urbaines. La globalisation apporte ses défis: la dichotomie culturelle entre les grands centres urbains et les plus petites villes, le racisme, le besoin croissant d'engagement et d'integration civiques. Malheureusement, les villes n'ont pas vraiment participé aux débats sur le sujet. D'abord préoccupées par les questions d'éthique et d'accès, elles commencent à peine à envisager la question de la diversité dans le transport, le zonage et le développement économique local. La réussite future dépendra d'une meilleure coordination et d'un plus grand engagement municipal.
description: Abstract in English and French; text in English
description: https://viurrspace.ca/bitstream/handle/10613/5294/Article1B.pdf?sequence=3
title: Relationship between extent of epicardial adipose tissue and subclinical coronary artery disease in patients with extra-cardiac arterial disease
Creators: name: den Dekker, Martijn
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: CT
subject: Screening

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is assumed to play a role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The exact mechanism and strength of the association are matter of current research. EAT volume can be measured with computed tomography...
The interface as door: on the problem of access to the image in Kafka's Das Schloss and interactive media
Creators: name: Werbeck, Kai-Uwe
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Is the interface a door into the image? In order to enter an image, the image must offer space. By juxtaposing two very different texts, Franz Kafka's Das Schloss and the video game Wonderboy in Monsterworld, this thesis asks what kind of space we access through the interface. A reading of doors in Das Schloss as a metaphor of the interface shows that Kafka considers the image uncontrollable, creating the illusion of depth when, in fact, there is none. In comparison, video games allow control over and access to a Bildraum. The video game player accepts the depth of the virtual landscape and enters the image via virtual doors. Has Kafka's concept of the image become obsolete or does a reading of video games through the lens of his critique reveal that the video game image is even more deceptive than its nondigital predecessor?
Synchrotron emission in GRBs observed by Fermi: Its limitations and the role of the photosphere
Creators: name: Iyyani, S.
name: Ryde, F.
name: Burgess, J. M.
name: Pe'er, A.
name: egué, D. B\'
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that the prompt emission in gamma-ray bursts consists of several components giving rise to the observed spectral shape. Here we examine a sample of the 8 brightest, single pulsed {\it Fermi} bursts whose spectra are modelled by using synchrotron emission as one of the components. Five of these bursts require an additional photospheric component (blackbody). In particular, we investigate the inferred properties of the jet and the physical requirements set by the observed components for these five bursts, in the context of a baryonic dominated outflow, motivated by the strong photospheric component. We find similar jet properties for all five bursts: the bulk Lorentz factor decreases monotonously over the pulses and lies between 1000 and 100. This evolution is robust and can neither be explained by a varying radiative efficiency nor a varying magnetisation of the jet assuming the photosphere radius is above the coasting radius. Such a behaviour challenges several dissipation mechanisms, e.g., the internal shocks. Furthermore, in all 8 cases the data clearly reject a fast-cooled synchrotron spectrum (in which a significant fraction of the emitting electrons have cooled to energies below the minimum injection energy), inferring a typical electron Lorentz factor of $10^4 - 10^7$. Such values are much higher than what is typically expected in internal shocks. Therefore, while the synchrotron scenario is not rejected by the data, the interpretation does present several limitations that need to be addressed. Finally, we point out and discuss alternative interpretations.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Public Perceptions of the Canadian Armed Forces
Creators: name: Lab, Self and Well-Being
name: Desgrosseilliers, Elysia
name: Stinson, Danu
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: We are interested in perceptions of women in the Canadian Armed Forces. In particular, we are interested to learn whether watching a military recruitment video that features empowerment messaging about women will influence people’s perceptions of gender inequality in the military. We want to understand how people react to these messages because they are being used to recruit women into the military. Previous research has observed that empowerment messages increase the perception that women are responsible for causing and solving gender inequality in civilian workplaces. We want to know if these results will generalize to the military.
A self-consistent approach to the one-dimensional chain models for the ferro- and antiferro-magnetism of nanotubes
Creators: name: Liu, Zhaosen
name: Ian, Hou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a self-consistent simulation approach based on quantum theory to investigate the physical properties of a pair of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic nanotubes. It was observed that under the given conditions, no matter the external magnetic field was absent or applied along the easy longitudinal axis, the spins always ordered in that direction due to the special geometric shape of the tubes and the magnetic uniaxial anisotropy, so that the two sorts of nanosystems exhibit typical ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic properties, which may find applications in modern technology, in strong contrast to the phenomena observed previously in nanoparticle, where an external magnetic field, applied parallel to the antiferromganetically coupled spins, is able to turn the spins off their original direction to form symmetric pattern around the field direction. This peculiar feature enable us to build up one-dimensional chain models for the two sorts of nanosystems. Considering their fast computational speed and simplicity, these theoretical models were then utilized to investigate the finite size effects of the nanosystems, and perform further analysis for long tubes. Especially, our results obtained with the theoretical models and the numerical approach are exactly identical, verifying the correctness and applicability of the computational methodology.
Almost Gone: SN~2008S and NGC~300 2008OT-1 are Fainter than their Progenitors
Creators: name: Adams, S. M.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Prieto, J. L.
name: Dai, X.
name: Shappee, B. J.
name: Stanek, K. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present late-time Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescope imaging of SN 2008S and NGC 300 2008OT-1, the prototypes of a common class of stellar transients whose true nature is debated. Both objects are still fading and are now >15 times fainter than the progenitors in the mid-IR and are undetected in the optical and near-IR. Data from the Large Binocular Telescope and Magellan show that neither source has been variable in the optical since fading in 2010. We present models of surviving sources obscured by dusty shells or winds and find that extreme dust models are needed for surviving stars to be successfully hidden by dust. Explaining these transients as supernovae explosions, such as the electron capture supernovae believed to be associated with extreme AGB stars, seems an equally viable solution. Though SN 2008S is not detected in Chandra X-Ray Observatory data taken in 2012, the flux limits allow the fading IR source to be powered solely by the shock interaction of ejecta with the circumstellar medium if the shock velocity at the time of the observation was >20% slower than estimated from emission line widths while the transient was still optically bright. Continued SST monitoring and 10-20 micron observations with JWST can resolve any remaining ambiguities.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, 8 tables. Submitted to MNRAS
The emergence, coalescence and topological properties of multiple exceptional points and their experimental realization
Creators: name: Ding, Kun
name: Ma, Guancong
name: Xiao, Meng
name: Zhang, Z. Q.
name: Chan, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Hermitian systems distinguish themselves from Hermitian systems by exhibiting a phase transition point called an exceptional point (EP), which is the point at which two eigenstates coalesce under a system parameter variation. Many interesting EP phenomena such as level crossings/repulsions in nuclear/molecular and condensed matter physics, and unusual phenomena in optics such as loss-induced lasing and unidirectional transmission can be understood by considering a simple 2x2 non-Hermitian matrix. At a higher dimension, more complex EP physics not found in two-state systems arises. We consider the emergence and interaction of multiple EPs in a four-state system theoretically and realize the system experimentally using four coupled acoustic cavities with asymmetric losses. We find that multiple EPs can emerge and as the system parameters vary, these EPs can collide and merge, leading to higher order singularities and topological characteristics much richer than those seen in two-state systems.
title: Imaging of splenic abnormalities
Creators: name: Mnari, Walid
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Spleen
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Education
subject: Cysts
subject: Haemangioma
subject: Infection

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To give a comprehensive overview of ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and MR imaging features of splenic...
Aspects of Meson Condensation
Creators: name: Mammarella, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work pion and kaon condensation in the framework of chiral perturbation theory is studied. I consider a system at vanishing temperature with nonzero isospin chemical potential and strangeness chemical potential; meson masses and mixing in the normal phase, the pion condensation phase and the kaon condensation phase are described. There are differences with previous works, but the results presented here are supported by both theory group analysis and by direct calculations. Some pion decay channels in the normal and the pion condensation phases are studied, finding a nonmonotonic behavior of the $Γ$ decay width as a function of $μ_I$.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, proceeding of a talk presented at ICNFP 2015
Effect of rapid urbanization and population aging on the prevalence of mental disorders and distribution mental health services in China: A scoping review
Creators: name: Wei, Yanping
name: Deng, Xu
name: Wang, Xuanyi
name: Wang, Jiayu
name: Chen, Shulin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Scoping Review Protocol: Urbanization, aging and mental health in China

description: Protocol for a scoping review that will systematically map currently available research and other information about the relationship of rapid urbanization and population aging with the prevalence of mental disorders and distribution of mental health services in China.
title: Preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) reduces positive surgical margins after robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP): experience in 136 patients
Creators: name: Alessi, Sarah
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: MR
subject: Surgery
subject: Neoplasia

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: To investigate whether preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) reduces positive surgical margins after robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy...
Essence and Counterfactuals: Coordination and Extension
Creators: name: Watkins, Alfredo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Essence statements are sentences stating what it is to be a certain thing or type of thing; these sorts of statements are in fact quite common. They also interact with counterfactual conditionals in interesting ways. This paper will argue that essence statements sometimes license inferences to counterpossibles, and vice versa. Counterpossibles are counterfactual conditionals where the antecedent posits some metaphysical impossibility. These sorts of counterfactuals are all vacuously true according to the standard Lewis-Stalnaker semantics, even though it seems that some are false (and that some are true, but non-trivially so). If the standard semantics is to account for this, it will have to be modified. As a result, I will propose an alternative understanding of essence and an account of counterfactuals that extends the Lewis-Stalnaker account, and suggest that this combined account might make better sense of some of the phenomena.
title: Low dose runoff CTA: what protocol is preferred without special reconstruction algorithms?
Creators: name: Kondratyev, Evgeny
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Vascular
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Extremities
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Radiation safety

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: MDCT angiography is an accurate, non-invasive technique for assessing the presence and extent of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The sensitivity and specificity of MDCT angiography are 95% and 96%, respectively [1]. The diagnostic...
title: Dimensions of the aortic root and the aortic valve for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: non-ECG-triggered multi-detector CT high-pitch scans compared with retrospectively ECG-gated low-pitch cardiac scans
Creators: name: Jurencak, Tomas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Stents
subject: Catheters
subject: Prostheses

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: To compare low pitch retrospectively ECG-gated (gated) and high pitch non-ECG-triggered (non-gated) multidetector CT (MDCT) protocols in terms of measurements of the aortic root and the aortic valve and consequently prosthesis sizing in...
title: Safety and efficacy of sonographically guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of left lobe hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Medhat
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Liver
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Cirrhosis

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: To assess the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) located in left lobe of the...
title: C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) needle path overlay for percutaneous biopsy of pulmonary nodules
Creators: name: Floridi, Chiara
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Lung
subject: Computer applications
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: CT
subject: Biopsy
subject: Computer Applications-Virtual imaging
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Pathology
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Neoplasia

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Image-guided percutaneous trans-thoracic needle biopsy is a recognized, safe and accurate diagnostic technique for the evaluation of benignity or malignancy of pulmonary nodules [1;2]. However, its success is dependant on nodule characteristics and...
Throughput capacity of two-hop relay MANETs under finite buffers
Creators: name: Liu, Jia
name: Sheng, Min
name: Xu, Yang
name: Sun, Hongguang
name: Wang, Xijun
name: Jiang, Xiaohong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since the seminal work of Grossglauser and Tse [1], the two-hop relay algorithm and its variants have been attractive for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) due to their simplicity and efficiency. However, most literature assumed an infinite buffer size for each node, which is obviously not applicable to a realistic MANET. In this paper, we focus on the exact throughput capacity study of two-hop relay MANETs under the practical finite relay buffer scenario. The arrival process and departure process of the relay queue are fully characterized, and an ergodic Markov chain-based framework is also provided. With this framework, we obtain the limiting distribution of the relay queue and derive the throughput capacity under any relay buffer size. Extensive simulation results are provided to validate our theoretical framework and explore the relationship among the throughput capacity, the relay buffer size and the number of nodes.
A QUESTION OF CULTURE: NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKING TEACHERS TEACHING YOUNG CHILDREN IN CHINA
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaohua
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Tens of thousands native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) are employed, in many cases for only being able to speak the language, to teach English in public and private schools in China, and many concentrated in early childhood bilingual programs. However, these schools face the lingering problem of not addressing the cultural and professional needs of the NESTs from foreign lands. There are cultural differences, clashes and misunderstandings between NESTs and the Chinese cultural community they situate. Many Chinese administrators and teachers have been unable to incorporate successful strategies for accommodating cultural differences and addressing conflicts, and sometimes even worsened the situation by engaging in behaviors of white supremacy and institutional racism. Additionally, poor pre-service preparations of NESTs and a lack of in-service professional support, combined with the cultural isolation, negatively impacted their teaching quality. Furthermore, no studies have been found to examine their lived experience of teaching young children in a cross-cultural context and its impact on their teaching practice. To address these issues, this ethnographic study explored a group of NESTs’ cultural ecology at a private preschool and kindergarten in China, and used an acculturation project to facilitate cultural understanding, collegial collaboration and professional growth of NESTs. The design of this research called for cultural participation through NESTs’ involvement in local cultural activities, semi-structured and unstructured interviews, classroom observations, focus groups, and artifacts. Positive impacts have been found on the NESTs’ professionalism, collegial collaboration, teamwork, and teaching practice, but not on their cultural dispositions.