cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Balance between light trapping and charge carrier collection: Electro-photonic optimization of organic photovoltaics with ridge-patterned back electrodes
Creators: name: Liu, Y.
name: Tippets, C.A.
name: Mitran, S.
name: Lopez, R.
name: Samulski, E.T.
name: Kirsch, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Light trapping strategies are frequently suggested to improve organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell efficiencies. However, one cannot overlook the side-effects to charge carrier collection which are introduced when seeking optical enhancements. A comprehensive electro-photonic model is utilized to study the optical and electrical effects of patterning poly[[4,8-bis[(2- ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] and poly(3-hexylthiophene) based solar cells with simple optical grating structures. It is found that for the most part, optical absorption improvements are attenuated by enhanced electrical losses. Optimized device structures that overcome this tradeoff are proposed and their detailed electro-optical characteristics are discussed. When the hole mobility is smaller than the electron mobility, the results suggest that in general, an inverted structure has a better chance to outperform a flat active layer than a conventional architecture in an OPV cell with the ridge-patterned back electrode.
Directed searches for continuous gravitational waves from binary systems: parameter-space metrics and optimal Scorpius X-1 sensitivity
Creators: name: Leaci, Paola
name: Prix, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive simple analytic expressions for the (coherent and semi-coherent) phase metrics of continuous-wave sources in low-eccentricity binary systems, both for the long-segment and short- segment regimes (compared to the orbital period). The resulting expressions correct and extend previous results found in the literature. We present results of extensive Monte-Carlo studies comparing metric mismatch predictions against the measured loss of detection statistic for binary parameter offsets. The agreement is generally found to be within ~ 10%-30%. As an application of the metric template expressions, we estimate the optimal achievable sensitivity of an Einstein@Home directed search for Scorpius X-1, under the assumption of sufficiently small spin wandering. We find that such a search, using data from the upcoming advanced detectors, would be able to beat the torque- balance level [1,2] up to a frequency of ~ 500 - 600 Hz, if orbital eccentricity is well-constrained, and up to a frequency of ~ 160 - 200 Hz for more conservative assumptions about the uncertainty on orbital eccentricity.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures
384. Determinants of patient and physician global assessment of disease activity in ANCA-associated vasculitis
Creators: name: Rohde1, Marius
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Vasculitis
ANCA
Abstracts
Giant Cell Arthritis
MPA
GPA
EGPA
Takayasu
IgA vasculitis

description: Objectives: To compare patients' and physician's global assessment of disease activity in ANCA-associated vasculitis and investigate factors influencing the assessment of disease activity. Methods: Between 2010 and 2020, physicians and patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis in our outpatient clinic assessed a global disease activity score at every visit (numerical rating scale 0 – 10, n=1083). We compared the global disease activity score between physicians and patients. In a multiple linear regression analysis, we examined clinical factors influencing the respective disease activity assessment. Results: Patients had a mean age of 65 (±15) years and a mean disease duration of 15 years (±7). The median global score of patients' as well as physicians' disease activity assessments was 2 points. The BVAS was recorded 113 times and had a median of 3 points (± 2.9). Physician-documented disease activity was associated with the level of BVAS (β 0.07, p 0.01), patients’ assessments (β 0.18, p 0.001), and patient BMI (β 0.05, p 0.003). In addition, disease activity was rated higher in women (β 0.61, p <0.001). Patients’ assessment, was associated with the extent of pain (β 0.36, p <0.001), the physician assessment (β 0.56, p 0.001) and inversely with the BMI (β -0.09, p 0.007). Conclusion: In our cohort, patients and physicians rated the disease activity equally. Physicians’ disease activity assessments correlated with documented vasculitic expressions in the BVAS. In addition, female gender and high BMI were found to influence physician disease activity ratings, whereas pain and low BMI were associated with higher patient disease activity ratings. This study supports the development and interpretation of PROs for disease activity estimation in ANCA-associated vasculitides. Disclosures: None
Surface Tension of Electrolyte Interfaces: Ionic Specificity within a Field-Theory Approach
Creators: name: Markovich, Tomer
name: Andelman, David
name: Podgornik, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the surface tension of ionic solutions at air/water and oil/water interfaces. By using field-theoretical methods and including a finite proximal surface-region with ionic-specific interactions. The free energy is expanded to first-order in a loop expansion beyond the mean-field result. We calculate the excess surface tension and obtain analytical predictions that reunite the Onsager-Samaras pioneering result (which does not agree with experimental data), with the ionic specificity of the Hofmeister series. We derive analytically the surface-tension dependence on the ionic strength, ionic size and ion-surface interaction, and show consequently that the Onsager-Samaras result is consistent with the one-loop correction beyond the mean-field result. Our theory fits well a wide range of salt concentrations for different monovalent ions using one fit parameter per electrolyte, and reproduces the reverse Hofmeister series for anions at the air/water and oil/water interfaces.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Dynamical realization of the small field inflation of Coleman-Weinberg type in the post supercooled universe
Creators: name: Zhang, He-Xu
name: Ishida, Hiroyuki
name: Matsuzaki, Shinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The small field inflation (SFI) of Coleman-Weinberg (CW) type suffers from precise tuning of the initial inflaton field value to be away from the true vacuum one. We propose a dynamical trapping mechanism to solve this problem: an ultra-supercooling caused by an almost scale-invariant CW potential traps the inflaton at the false vacuum, far away from the true vacuum dominantly created by the quantum scale anomaly, and allows the inflaton to dynamically start the slow-roll down due to a classical explicit-scale breaking effect. To be concrete, we employ a successful CW-SFI model and show that the proposed mechanism works consistently with the observed bounds on the inflation parameters. The proposed new mechanism thus provides new insights for developing small field inflation models.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, version accepted for publication in PLB
Large Language Model as Attributed Training Data Generator: A Tale of Diversity and Bias
Creators: name: Yu, Yue
name: Zhuang, Yuchen
name: Zhang, Jieyu
name: Meng, Yu
name: Ratner, Alexander
name: Krishna, Ranjay
name: Shen, Jiaming
name: Zhang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LLMs) have been recently leveraged as training data generators for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. While previous research has explored different approaches to training models using generated data, they generally rely on simple class-conditional prompts, which may limit the diversity of the generated data and inherit systematic biases of LLM. Thus, we investigate training data generation with diversely attributed prompts (e.g., specifying attributes like length and style), which have the potential to yield diverse and attributed generated data. Our investigation focuses on datasets with high cardinality and diverse domains, wherein we demonstrate that attributed prompts outperform simple class-conditional prompts in terms of the resulting model's performance. Additionally, we present a comprehensive empirical study on data generation encompassing vital aspects like bias, diversity, and efficiency, and highlight three key observations: firstly, synthetic datasets generated by simple prompts exhibit significant biases, such as regional bias; secondly, attribute diversity plays a pivotal role in enhancing model performance; lastly, attributed prompts achieve the performance of simple class-conditional prompts while utilizing only 5\% of the querying cost of ChatGPT associated with the latter. The data and code are available on \url{https://github.com/yueyu1030/AttrPrompt}.
description: Accepted to NeurIPS 2023 (Datasets and Benchmarks Track)
title: Special Events как способ повышения потребительской лояльности (на примере крупных ТРЦ Екатеринбурга)
Creators: name: Бобкова, Анна
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: Статья посвящена проблеме привлечения потребительского внимания к торговым центрам. Рассмотрены и классифицированы специальные мероприятия, проходящие в ТЦ города Екатеринбург, а также их влияние на повышение потребительской лояльности.
Large area nanofabrication of butterfly wings three dimensional ultrastructures
Creators: name: Aryal, M.
name: Lopez, R.
name: Tumbleston, J.R.
name: Gadisa, A.
name: Samulski, E.T.
name: Ko, D.-H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The authors report a simple method for the artificial fabrication of the complex three-dimensional (3D) ultrastructures of butterfly wing scales. This method uses chemical vapor deposition, UV lithography, and chemical etching to create the ultrastructures over a large area surpassing previously used focused ion beam techniques that are limited to microscopic areas. Furthermore, this method shows flexibility to modify nanostructure types and can precisely control shapes and dimensions and periodicity. Fabricated 3D ultrastructures are also replicated using a nanoimprint method into soft polymer materials. Reflectivity measurements and simulations of the master and polymer replicas show selective UV reflection consistent with the length scales used in such butterfly-like nanostructures.
Auch Flüchtlinge haben Rechtsansprüche
Creators: name: Schneider, Martin
name: Tremmel, Hans
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 44 Nr. 4 (2015): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 44, Heft 4
Intensity and phase noise correlations in a dual-frequency VECSEL operating at telecom wavelength
Creators: name: De, Syamsundar
name: Baili, Ghaya
name: Bouchoule, Sophie
name: Alouini, Mehdi
name: Bretenaker, Fabien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The amplitude and phase noises of a dual-frequency vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (DF-VECSEL) operating at telecom wavelength are theoretically and experimentally investigated in detail. In particular, the spectral behavior of the correlation between the intensity noises of the two modes of the DF-VECSEL is measured. Moreover, the correlation between the phase noise of the radio-frequency (RF) beatnote generated by optical mixing of the two laser modes with the intensity noises of the two modes is investigated. All these spectral behaviors of noise correlations are analyzed for two different values of the nonlinear coupling between the laser modes. We find that to describe the spectral behavior of noise correlations between the laser modes, it is of utmost importance to have a precise knowledge about the spectral behavior of the pump noise, which is the dominant source of noise in the frequency range of our interest (10 kHz to 35 MHz). Moreover, it is found that the noise correlation also depends on how the spatially separated laser modes of the DF-VECSEL intercept the noise from a multi-mode fiber-coupled laser diode used for pumping both the laser modes. To this aim, a specific experiment is reported, which aims at measuring the correlations between different spatial regions of the pump beam. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with a theoretical model based on modified rate equations.
Solitary Shock Waves and Adiabatic Phase Transition in Lipid Interfaces and Nerves
Creators: name: Shrivastava, Shamit
name: Kang, Kevin Heeyong
name: Schneider, Matthias F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study shows that the stability of solitary waves excited in a lipid monolayer near a phase boundary requires positive curvature of the adiabats, a known necessary condition in shock compression science. It is further shown that the condition results in a threshold for excitation, saturation of the wave amplitude and the splitting of the wave at the phase boundaries. Splitting in particular confirms that a hydrated lipid interface can undergo condensation on adiabatic heating thus showing retrograde behavior. Finally, using the new theoretical insights and state dependence of conduction velocity in nerves, the curvature of the adiabatic state diagram is shown to be closely tied to the thermodynamic blockage of nerve pulse propagation.
Geometric phase in Taub-NUT spacetime
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Chandrachur
name: Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constructing the Hamiltonian in the $η$-representation, we explore the geometric phase in the Taub-NUT spacetime, which is spherically symmetric and stationary. The geometric phase around a non-rotating Taub-NUT spacetime reveals both the gravitational analog of Aharonov-Bohm effect and Pancharatnam-Berry phase, similar to the rotating Kerr background. On the other hand, only the latter emerges in the spherically symmetric Schwarzschild geometry as well as in the axisymmetric magnetized Schwarzschild geometry. With this result, we argue that the Aharonov-Bohm effect and Pancharatnam-Berry phase both can emerge in the stationary spacetime, whereas only the latter emerges in the static spacetime. We outline plausible measurements of these effects/phases, mostly for primordial black holes.
description: 12 pages; Version published in EPJC
title:  Identità alterità riconoscimento
Creators: name: Iannotta  ,  Daniella
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2014

description: I temi dell'identità, dell'alterità e del riconoscimento sono qui discussi con particolare attenzione alla filosofia di Paul Ricœr e alle pratiche dell'amicizia.
description: B@belonline vol. 16/17 Pensare Altrimenti
Missionar und Gelehrter
Creators: name: Maier, Hans
name: Bürkle, Horst
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 44 Nr. 3 (2015): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 44, Heft 3
On the Diffuse Lyman-alpha Halo Around Lyman-alpha Emitting Galaxies
Creators: name: Lake, Ethan
name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Cen, Renyue
name: Sadoun, Raphael
name: Momose, Rieko
name: Ouchi, Masami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ly$α$ photons scattered by neutral hydrogen atoms in the circumgalactic media or produced in the halos of star-forming galaxies are expected to lead to extended Ly$α$ emission around galaxies. Such low surface brightness Ly$α$ halos (LAHs) have been detected by stacking Ly$α$ images of high-redshift star-forming galaxies. We study the origin of LAHs by performing radiative transfer modeling of nine $z=3.1$ Lyman-Alpha Emitters (LAEs) in a high resolution hydrodynamic cosmological galaxy formation simulation. We develop a method of computing the mean Ly$α$ surface brightness profile of each LAE by effectively integrating over many different observing directions. Without adjusting any parameters, our model yields an average Ly$α$ surface brightness profile in remarkable agreement with observations. We find that observed LAHs cannot be accounted for solely by photons originating from the central LAE and scattered to large radii by hydrogen atoms in the circumgalactic gas. Instead, Ly$α$ emission from regions in the outer halo is primarily responsible for producing the extended LAHs seen in observations, which potentially includes both star-forming and cooling radiation. With the limit on the star formation contribution set by the ultra-violet (UV) halo measurement, we find that cooling radiation can play an important role in forming the extended LAHs. We discuss the implications and caveats of such a picture.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. Our conclusion is slightly updated as a result of an improved evaluation of the sky-subtraction systematics in the observed UV profile. The diffuse Lya halo can have contributions from both star formation and cooling radiation
Relationship between length and surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy signal strength in metal nanoparticle chains: Ideal models versus nanofabrication
Creators: name: Xu, H.
name: Lopez, R.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Hight Walker, A.R.
name: Alexander, K.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We have employed capillary force deposition on ion beam patterned substrates to fabricate chains of 60nm gold nanospheres ranging in length from 1 to 9 nanoparticles. Measurements of the surface-averaged SERS enhancement factor strength for these chains were then compared to the numerical predictions. The SERS enhancement conformed to theoretical predictions in the case of only a few chains, with the vast majority of chains tested not matching such behavior. Although all of the nanoparticle chains appear identical under electron microscope observation, the extreme sensitivity of the SERS enhancement to nanoscale morphology renders current nanofabrication methods insufficient for consistent production of coupled nanoparticle chains. Notwithstanding this fact, the aggregate data also confirmed that nanoparticle dimers offer a large improvement over the monomer enhancement while conclusively showing that, within the limitations imposed by current state-of-the-art nanofabrication techniques, chains comprising more than two nanoparticles provide only a marginal signal boost over the already considerable dimer enhancement.
Der Mensch im Fokus der göttlichen Aufmerksamkeit und Sorge
Creators: name: Dolna, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 44 Nr. 3 (2015): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 44, Heft 3
Modeling the $R$-ratio and hadronic contributions to $g-2$ with a Treed Gaussian Process
Creators: name: Fowlie, Andrew
name: Li, Qiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The BNL and FNAL measurements of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon disagree with the Standard Model (SM) prediction by more than $4σ$. The hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contributions are the dominant source of uncertainty in the SM prediction. There are, however, tensions between different estimates of the HVP contributions, including data-driven estimates based on measurements of the $R$-ratio. To investigate that tension, we modeled the unknown $R$-ratio as a function of CM energy with a treed Gaussian process (TGP). This is a principled and general method grounded in data-science that allows complete uncertainty quantification and automatically balances over- and under-fitting to noisy data. Our tool yields exploratory results are similar to previous ones and we find no indication that the $R$-ratio was previously mismodeled. Whilst we advance some aspects of modeling the $R$-ratio and develop new tools for doing so, a competitive estimate of the HVP contributions requires domain-specific expertise and a carefully curated database of measurements.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Minimizing interfacial losses in inverted organic solar cells comprising Al-doped ZnO
Creators: name: Liu, Y.
name: Samulski, E.T.
name: Lopez, R.
name: Gadisa, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We demonstrated a 35% enhancement in the efficiency of inverted solar cells as a result of increased open-circuit voltage and fill factor by adsorbing an ultrathin layer of a ruthenium dye N719 on an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO-Al) electron collecting interfacial layer. The interface modification with N719 changes the charge injection levels as indicated by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. The efficiency of inverted solar cells comprising a bulk heterojunction photo-active film of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester has increased from ∼2.80% to 3.80% upon employing the dye modification of the electrode interface.
Hellmann-Feynman Forces within the DFT+U in Wannier functions basis
Creators: name: Novoselov, D.
name: Korotin, Dm. M.
name: Anisimov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most general way to describe localized atomic-like electronic states in strongly correlated compounds is to utilize Wannier functions. In the present paper we continue the development of widely-spread DFT+U method onto Wannier function basis set and propose the technique to calculate the Hubbard contribution to the forces. The technique was implemented as a part of plane-waves pseudopotential code Quantum-ESPRESSO and successfully tested on a charge transfer insulator NiO.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure Added references, Corrected typos and Revised section 3, results unchanged
Minority carrier transport length of electrodeposited Cu2O in ZnO/Cu2O heterojunction solar cells
Creators: name: Lopez, R.
name: Tumbleston, J.R.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Samulski, E.T.
name: Turley, H.K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The minority carrier transport length is a critical parameter limiting the performance of inexpensive Cu2 O-ZnO photovoltaic devices. In this letter, this length is estimated to be ∼430 nm for electrochemically deposited Cu2 O by linking the cell's carrier generation profile with back and front incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency measurements to a one-dimensional transport model. This critical length explains the losses typically presented by these devices and appears to correlate well with the microcrystalline film structure. The consequences of the magnitude of the length on device design with the aim of improving solar cell performance are described.
title: Особенности национальной рекламы в Японии
Creators: name: Иванов, Дмитрий
name: Маленко, Сергей
name: Некита, Андрей
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2020

description: Статья посвящена анализу социокультурных особенностей японской рекламы. Представлен взгляд на этническое и культурное своеобразие национальной рекламы как непосредственно отражения многовековой культурной традиции страны.
Peripheral nucleon-nucleon scattering at fifth order of chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Entem, D. R.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Machleidt, R.
name: Nosyk, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the two- and three-pion exchange contributions to the nucleon-nucleon interaction which occur at next-to-next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N4LO, fifth order) of chiral effective field theory, and calculate nucleon-nucleon scattering in peripheral partial waves with L>=3 using low-energy constants that were extracted from pi-N analysis at fourth order. While the net three-pion exchange contribution is moderate, the two-pion exchanges turn out to be sizeable and prevailingly repulsive, thus, compensating the excessive attraction characteristic for NNLO and N3LO. As a result, the N4LO predictions for the phase shifts of peripheral partial waves are in very good agreement with the data (with the only exception of the 1F3 wave). We also discuss the issue of the order-by-order convergence of the chiral expansion for the NN interaction.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures; typo in Eq. (D8) corrected
Auxiliary fields approach to shift-symmetric theories: the $φ^4$ derivative theory and the crumpled-to-flat transition of membranes at two-loop order
Creators: name: Delzescaux, L.
name: Duclut, C.
name: Mouhanna, D.
name: Tissier, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a technique relying on the use of auxiliary fields in order to eliminate explicit field-derivatives that plague the high orders renormalization group treatment of shift-symmetric, derivative, theories. This technique simplifies drastically the computation of fluctuations in such theories. This is illustrated by deriving the two-loop renormalization group equations and the three-loop anomalous dimension of the $φ^4$ derivative theory in $D=4-ε$, which is also relevant to describe the crumpled-to-flat transition of polymerized membranes. Some features of this transition are provided.
description: 7 pages
Die Rückkehr Markions
Creators: name: Schwienhorst-Schönberger, Ludger
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 44 Nr. 3 (2015): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 44, Heft 3
title:  Alcune premesse filosofiche. Il problema della misura di sé
Creators: name: Invitto  ,  Giovanni
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2014

description: L'articolo muove da due quesiti fondamentali: possono essere quantificati i fattori soggettivi, cioè, si può dare una misura di sé? Inoltre, quale metodo ci consentirebbe di misurare, con modalità attendibili, la misura del sé? Due quesiti che si collocano sullo sfondo del rapporto tra l'Io e l'Altro, tra l'individuo e la comunità in cui vive.
description: B@belonline vol. 16/17 Pensare Altrimenti
FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$: a multiband superconductor in the clean and dirty limit
Creators: name: Homes, C. C.
name: Dai, Y. M.
name: Wen, J. S.
name: Xu, Z. J.
name: Gu, G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detailed optical properties of the multiband iron-chalcogenide superconductor FeTe$_{0.55}$Se$_{0.45}$ have been reexamined for a large number of temperatures above and below the critical temperature $T_c=14$ K for light polarized in the a-b planes. Instead of the simple Drude model that assumes a single band, above $T_c$ the normal-state optical properties are best described by the two-Drude model that considers two separate electronic subsystems; we observe a weak response ($ω_{p,D;1}\simeq 3000$ cm$^{-1}$) where the scattering rate has a strong temperature dependence ($1/τ_{D,1}\simeq 32$ cm$^{-1}$ for $T \gtrsim T_c$), and a strong response ($ω_{p,D;2}\simeq 14\,500$ cm$^{-1}$) with a large scattering rate ($1/τ_{D,2}\simeq 1720$ cm$^{-1}$) that is essentially temperature independent. The multiband nature of this material precludes the use of the popular generalized-Drude approach commonly applied to single-band materials, implying that any structure observed in the frequency dependent scattering rate $1/τ(ω)$ is spurious and it cannot be used as the foundation for optical inversion techniques to determine an electron-boson spectral function $α^2 F(ω)$. Below $T_c$ the optical conductivity is best described using two superconducting optical gaps of $2Δ_1\simeq 45$ and $2Δ_2 \simeq 90$ cm$^{-1}$ applied to the strong and weak responses, respectively. The scattering rates for these two bands are vastly different at low temperature, placing this material simultaneously in both clean and dirty limit. Interestingly, this material falls on the universal scaling line initially observed for the cuprate superconductors.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures; minor revision
First Results for Solar Soft X-ray Irradiance Measurements from the Third Generation Miniature X-Ray Solar Spectrometer
Creators: name: Woods, Thomas N.
name: Schwab, Bennet
name: Sewell, Robert
name: Kandala, Anant Kumar Telikicherla
name: Mason, James Paul
name: Caspi, Amir
name: Eden, Thomas
name: Chandran, Amal
name: Chamberlin, Phillip C.
name: Jones, Andrew R.
name: Kohnert, Richard
name: Moore, Christopher S.
name: Solomon, Stanley C.
name: Warren, Harry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three generations of the Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer (MinXSS) have flown on small satellites with the goal "to explore the energy distribution of soft X-ray (SXR) emissions from the quiescent Sun, active regions, and during solar flares, and to model the impact on Earth's ionosphere and thermosphere". The primary science instrument is the Amptek X123 X-ray spectrometer that has improved with each generation of the MinXSS experiment. This third generation MinXSS-3 has higher energy resolution and larger effective area than its predecessors and is also known as the Dual-zone Aperture X-ray Solar Spectrometer (DAXSS). It was launched on the INSPIRESat-1 satellite on 2022 February 14, and INSPIRESat-1 has successfully completed its 6-month prime mission. The INSPIRESat-1 is in a dawn-dusk, Sun-Synchronous Orbit (SSO) and therefore has 24-hour coverage of the Sun during most of its mission so far. The rise of Solar Cycle 25 (SC-25) has been observed by DAXSS. This paper introduces the INSPIRESat-1 DAXSS solar SXR observations, and we focus the science results here on a solar occultation experiment and multiple flares on 2022 April 24. One key flare result is that the reduction of elemental abundances is greatest during the flare impulsive phase and thus highlighting the important role of chromospheric evaporation during flares to inject warmer plasma into the coronal loops. Furthermore, these results are suggestive that the amount of chromospheric evaporation is related to flare temperature and intensity.
description: 44 pages including 19-page Appendix A, 8 figures, 7 tables
Nonideal parasitic resistance effects in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
Creators: name: Samulski, E.T.
name: Tumbleston, J.R.
name: Ko, D.-H.
name: Lopez, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: A common assumption in both experimental measurements and device modeling of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells is that parasitic resistances are ideal. In other words, series resistance (Rsr) is near zero while shunt resistance (Rsh) approaches infinity. Relaxation of this assumption affects device performance differently depending on the chosen BHJ material system. Specifically, the impact of nonideal Rsr is controlled by the electric field dependence of the probability of charge transfer (CT) state dissociation (PCT). This is demonstrated by evaluating the experimental current density versus voltage response within the framework of a drift/diffusion model for two BHJ systems that strongly differ in PCT. Second, light intensity measurements of devices with nonideal Rsr and Rsh are shown to convolute the scaling of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage with light intensity, which is a common technique to study BHJ device physics. Finally, we show the connection between the drift/diffusion and equivalent circuit model with regard to each model's treatment of CT state dissociation. In particular, the equivalent circuit model utilizes a light intensity dependent Rsh to describe this dissociation process and predicts a photocurrent under reverse bias that exceeds the photocurrent permitted by light absorption.
Towards a formalization of a two traders market with information exchange
Creators: name: Bagarello, F.
name: Haven, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper shows that Hamiltonians and operators can also be put to good use even in contexts which are not purely physics based. Consider the world of finance. The work presented here {models a two traders system with information exchange with the help of four fundamental operators: cash and share operators; a portfolio operator and an operator reflecting the loss of information. An information Hamiltonian is considered and an additional Hamiltonian is presented which reflects the dynamics of selling/buying shares between traders. An important result of the paper is that when the information Hamiltonian is zero, portfolio operators commute with the Hamiltonian and this suggests that the dynamics are really due to the information. Under the assumption that the interaction and information terms in the Hamiltonian have similar strength, a perturbation scheme is considered on the interaction parameter. Contrary to intuition, the paper shows that up to a second order in the interaction parameter, a key factor in the computation of the portfolios of traders will be the initial values of the loss of information (rather than the initial conditions on the cash and shares). Finally, the paper shows that a natural outcome from the inequality of the variation of the portfolio of trader one versus the variation of the portfolio of trader two, begs for the introduction of `good' and `bad' information. It is shown that `good' information is related to the reservoirs (where an infinite set of bosonic operators are used) which model rumors/news and external facts, whilst `bad' information is associated with a set of two modes bosonic operators.
description: In press in Physica Scripta
Dynamic paramagnon-polarons in altermagnets
Creators: name: Steward, Charles R. W.
name: Fernandes, Rafael M.
name: Schmalian, Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combined rotational and time-reversal symmetry breakings that define an altermagnet lead to an unusual d-wave (or g-wave) magnetization order parameter, which in turn can be modeled in terms of multipolar magnetic moments. Here, we show that such an altermagnetic order parameter couples to the dynamics of the lattice even in the absence of an external magnetic field. This coupling is analogous to the non-dissipative Hall viscosity and describes the stress generated by a time-varying strain under broken time-reversal symmetry. We demonstrate that this effect generates a hybridized paramagnon-polaron mode, which allows one to assess altermagnetic excitations directly from the phonon spectrum. Using a scaling analysis, we also demonstrate that the dynamic strain coupling strongly affects the altermagnetic phase boundary, but in different ways in the thermal and quantum regimes. In the ground state for both 2D and 3D systems, we find that a hardening of the altermagnon mode leads to an extended altermagnetic ordered regime, whereas for non-zero temperatures in 2D, the softening of the phonon modes leads to increased fluctuations that lower the altermagnetic transition temperature. In 3D even at finite temperatures the dominant effect is the suppression of quantum fluctuations. We also discuss the application of these results to standard ferromagnetic systems.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Generalised to two-dimensional systems and corrected one figure, added section on static coupling and gap closing of phonon and magnon spectra
Differential capacitance of the electric double layer: The interplay between ion finite size and dielectric decrement
Creators: name: Nakayama, Yasuya
name: Andelman, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electric double layer by combining the effects of ion finite size and dielectric decrement. At high surface potential, both mechanisms can cause saturation of the counter-ion concentration near a charged surface. The modified Grahame equation and differential capacitance are derived analytically for a general expression of a permittivity epsilon(n) that depends on the local ion concentration, n, and under the assumption that the co-ions are fully depleted from the surface. The concentration at counter-ion saturation is found for any epsilon(n), and a criterion predicting which of the two mechanisms (steric vs. dielectric decrement) is the dominant one is obtained. At low salinity, the differential capacitance as function of surface potential has two peaks (so-called camel-shape). Each of these two peaks is connected to a saturation of counter-ion concentration caused either by dielectric decrement or by their finite size. Because these effects depend mainly on the counter-ion concentration at the surface proximity, for opposite surface-potential polarity either the cations or anions play the role of counter-ions, resulting in an asymmetric camel-shape. At high salinity, we obtain and analyze the crossover in the differential capacitance from a double-peak shape to a uni-modal one. Finally, several nonlinear models of the permittivity decrement are considered, and we predict that the concentration at dielectrophoretic saturation shifts to higher concentration than those obtained by the linear decrement model.
A phenomenological estimate of isospin breaking in hadronic vacuum polarization
Creators: name: Hoferichter, Martin
name: Colangelo, Gilberto
name: Hoid, Bai-Long
name: Kubis, Bastian
name: de Elvira, Jacobo Ruiz
name: Schuh, Dominic
name: Stamen, Dominik
name: Stoffer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Puzzles in the determination of the hadronic-vacuum-polarization contribution currently impede a conclusive interpretation of the precision measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon at the Fermilab experiment. One such puzzle concerns tensions between evaluations in lattice QCD and using $e^+e^-\to\text{hadrons}$ cross-section data. In lattice QCD, the dominant isospin-symmetric part and isospin-breaking (IB) corrections are calculated separately, with very different systematic effects. Identifying these two pieces in a data-driven approach provides an opportunity to compare them individually and trace back the source of the discrepancy. Here, we estimate the IB component of the lattice-QCD calculations from phenomenology, based on a comprehensive study of exclusive contributions that can be enhanced via infrared singularities, threshold effects, or hadronic resonances, including, for the first time, in the $e^+e^-\to3π$ channel. We observe sizable cancellations among different channels, with a sum that even suggests a slightly larger result for the QED correction than obtained in lattice QCD. We conclude that the tensions between lattice QCD and $e^+e^-$ data therefore cannot be explained by the IB contributions in the lattice-QCD calculations.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures; journal version
title:  Teoria della conoscenza e teologia nello “Scriptum” di Pietro Aureolo
Creators: name: Ippolito  ,  Benedetto
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2014

description: L'articolo si concentra in modo particolare sul Proœmium allo Scriptum di Pietro Aureolo, il quale costituisce un'introduzione metodologica interamente dedicata alla teologia. Il Proœmium è di grande importanza non solo per entrare nel merito della fondazione scientifica che si riteneva necessaria alla teologia, ma anche per conoscere il complesso dibattito che si stava sviluppando nel XIV secolo intorno a questo problema.
description: B@belonline vol. 16/17 Pensare Altrimenti
Low-Dose TOF-PET Based on Surface Electron Production in Dielectric Laminar MCPs
Creators: name: Domurat-Sousa, Kepler
name: Poe, Cameron
name: Frisch, Henry J.
name: Adams, Bernhard W.
name: Ertley, Camden
name: Sullivan, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present simulations of whole-body low-dose time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) based on the direct surface production [1] by 511 keV gamma rays of energetic electrons via the Photo-electric and Compton Effects, eliminating the scintillator and photodetector sub-systems in PET scanners. In Ref. [1] we described Microchannel Plates (MCP) constructed from thin dielectric laminae containing heavy nuclei such as lead or tungsten (LMCP$^{\rm{TM}}$). The laminae surfaces are micro-patterned to form channels, which can then be functionalized to support secondary electron emission in the manner of conventional MCPs. We have simulated direct conversion using modifications to the TOPAS Geant4-based tool kit. A 20 $\times$ 20 $\times$ 2.54 cm$^3$ LMCP, composed of 150-micron thick lead-glass laminae, is predicted to have a $\ge 30$% conversion efficiency to a primary electron that penetrates an interior wall of a pore. The subsequent secondary electron shower is largely confined to one pore and can provide high space and time resolutions. In whole-body PET scanners the technique eliminates the scintillator and photodetector subsystems. The consequent absence of a photocathode allows assembly of large arrays at atmospheric pressure and less stringent vacuum requirements, including use of pumped and cycled systems. TOPAS simulations of the Derenzo and XCAT-brain phantoms are presented with dose reductions of factors of 100 and 1000 from a literature benchmark. New applications of PET at a significantly lower radiation dose include routine screening for early detection of pathologies, the use in diagnostics in previously unserved patient populations such as children, and a larger installed facility base in rural and under-served populations, where simpler gamma detectors and lower radiation doses may enable small low-cost portable PET scanners.
description: Version 10a is the published manuscript in NIM-A. 22 pages, 18 figures
Analyzing local exciton generation profiles as a means to extract transport lengths in organic solar cells
Creators: name: Ko, D.-H.
name: Samulski, E.T.
name: Lopez, R.
name: Tumbleston, J.R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: In this work, we determine the carrier-transport lengths of electrons and holes (Le,h) for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells using a method applicable to functional devices. By linking the local exciton generation profile [G (x)] in the photoactive layer to photocurrent losses, we are able to determine the onset of bimolecular recombination, which is the dominate loss process of free carrier transport. Even though many factors affect photocurrent generation, we single out bimolecular recombination by measuring the scaling of photocurrent with light intensity as a function of applied voltage. For the common BHJ system, annealed poly-3-hexylthiophene:[6,6]-phenyl- C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM), a minimum for Le in PCBM is found to be 340 nm while Lh is estimated to be 90 nm for P3HT. The relationship between G (x) and carrier transport is further exemplified by demonstrating a scaling exponent below that for traditional space-charge-limited photocurrent. Likewise, by incorporating a drift/diffusion model, an intuitive link between G (x) and charge transport is established where recombination is shown to occur in regions of the photoactive layer far from the electrode of the slowest carrier species. Finally, the consequences of Le,h on device design for operation under 1 Sun conditions are described.
title:  La pena differita. Il diritto non violento nel pensiero ebraico contemporaneo
Creators: name:  Kajon  ,  Irene
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2014

description: Le riflessioni presenti nell'articolo prendono spunto dall'aporia, apparentemente insanabile, costituita da un'etica che, nella sua purezza, è assolutamente priva di violenza, animata dallo spirito di dedizione e da un sentimento di pace, e un diritto composto dall'insieme di leggi che determinano i rapporti tra individui, ognuno dei quali è mosso da interessi particolari e costretto, quindi, all'antagonismo.
description: B@belonline vol. 16/17 Pensare Altrimenti