cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
School-level determinants of incidence of sports-related concussion: Findings from the CARE Consortium
Creators: name: Cameron, K.L.
name: Breedlove, K.M.
name: McCrea, M.A.
name: McAllister, T.W.
name: Marshall, S.W.
name: CARE Consortium Investigators
name: Broglio, S.P.
name: Singichetti, B.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologic research on sports-related concussion (SRC) has focused on individual risk factors, with limited research on institutional risk factors and variability in concussion rates. METHODS: This study used data from 53,822 athletes-seasons collected at 30 United States sites (26 civilian institutions and 4 military service academies), from 2014/15 to 2018/19 academic years, by the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium. School-level risk factors included competitive division (DI, DII, DIII), school type (military/civilian) and a Sport Risk Index (SRI; Low, Medium, High). For comparability between civilian institutions and military academies, only NCAA athletes and concussions in sports games and practices were included. Random intercepts log-binomial regression was used to estimate Risk Ratios (RRs) and model variability in SRC risk. RESULTS: A total of 2,503 SRCs were observed during the study period, including 829 competition SRCs (33%) and 1,674 practice SRCs (67%). Most variability in SRC risk was at the level of athlete or team (within-school), rather than at the school-level. Specifically, across the three SRC outcomes (all [competition and practice combined], competition-only, and practice-only), within-school variability was 5 to 7 times greater than between-school variability. Three school-level risk factors (Division, School Type, and SRI) accounted for over one-third (36%) of between-school variability. SRI was the strongest school-level predictor of SRC risk (RR = 5.7; 95%CI: 4.2, 7.6 for High vs. Low). SRC risk was higher for Division I compared to Divisions II/III (RR = 1.6; 95%CI: 0.9, 2.9 for DI vs. DIII), and military academies had a moderately elevated risk of SRC (RR = 1.4; 95%CI: 0.7, 2.7). CONCLUSION: A large portion of the apparent variability between schools was attributable to structural factors (sport risk and competitive level), suggesting that there were minimal systemic differences in concussion identification between schools. While most variability is within-school, understanding school-level determinants of concussion risk may still be important in providing the implementation science context for individual-level interventions.
Particle gradient descent model for point process generation
Creators: name: Brochard, Antoine
name: Błaszczyszyn, Bartłomiej
name: Mallat, Stéphane
name: Zhang, Sixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a statistical model for stationary ergodic point processes, estimated from a single realization observed in a square window. With existing approaches in stochastic geometry, it is very difficult to model processes with complex geometries formed by a large number of particles. Inspired by recent works on gradient descent algorithms for sampling maximum-entropy models, we describe a model that allows for fast sampling of new configurations reproducing the statistics of the given observation. Starting from an initial random configuration, its particles are moved according to the gradient of an energy, in order to match a set of prescribed moments (functionals). Our moments are defined via a phase harmonic operator on the wavelet transform of point patterns. They allow one to capture multi-scale interactions between the particles, while controlling explicitly the number of moments by the scales of the structures to model. We present numerical experiments on point processes with various geometric structures, and assess the quality of the model by spectral and topological data analysis.
Geburt als Zäsur für Lebensrecht und Würdestatus
Creators: name: Spieker, Michael
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 40 Nr. 1 (2011): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 40, Heft 1
Conformational properties of complex polymers: rosette versus star-like structures
Creators: name: Blavatska, Viktoria
name: Metzler, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiple loop formation in polymer macromolecules is an important feature of the chromatin organization and DNA compactification in the nuclei. We analyze the size and shape characteristics of complex polymer structures, containing in general $f_1$ loops (petals) and $f_2$ linear chains (branches). Within the frames of continuous model of Gaussian macromolecule, we apply the path integration method and obtain the estimates for gyration radius $R_g$ and asphericity $\hat{A}$ of typical conformation as functions of parameters $f_1$, $f_2$. In particular, our results qualitatively reveal the extent of anisotropy of star-like topologies as compared to the rosette structures of the same total molecular weight.
Umsonst geben - über Lehrer-Sein und geistliche Vaterschaft
Creators: name: Oster, Stefan
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 40 Nr. 1 (2011): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 40, Heft 1
A fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase is required for cell wall integrity, thermotolerance, and virulence of the fungal human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
Creators: name: Brooks, Jacob T.
name: Johansen, Katja S.
name: Andersen, Karsten
name: Martens, Helle J.
name: Ipsen, Johan Ø
name: Hallas-Møller, Magnus
name: Berrin, Jean-Guy
name: Probst, Corinna
name: Alspaugh, J. Andrew
name: Haon, Mireille
name: Nichols, Connie B.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Fungi often adapt to environmental stress by altering their size, shape, or rate of cell division. These morphological changes require reorganization of the cell wall, a structural feature external to the cell membrane composed of highly interconnected polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes that are typically secreted into the extracellular space to catalyze initial oxidative steps in the degradation of complex biopolymers such as chitin and cellulose. However, their roles in modifying endogenous microbial carbohydrates are poorly characterized. The CEL1 gene in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is predicted by sequence homology to encode an LPMO of the AA9 enzyme family. The CEL1 gene is induced by host physiological pH and temperature, and it is primarily localized to the fungal cell wall. Targeted mutation of the CEL1 gene revealed that it is required for the expression of stress response phenotypes, including thermotolerance, cell wall integrity, and efficient cell cycle progression. Accordingly, a cel1Δ deletion mutant was avirulent in two models of C. neoformans infection. Therefore, in contrast to LPMO activity in other microorganisms that primarily targets exogenous polysaccharides, these data suggest that CnCel1 promotes intrinsic fungal cell wall remodeling events required for efficient adaptation to the host environment.
Accordion graphs: Hamiltonicity, matchings and isomorphism with quartic circulants
Creators: name: Gauci, John Baptist
name: Zerafa, Jean Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C70, 05C45, 05C60

description: Let $G$ be a graph of even order and let $K_{G}$ be the complete graph on the same vertex set of $G$. A pairing of a graph $G$ is a perfect matching of the graph $K_{G}$. A graph $G$ has the Pairing-Hamiltonian property (for short, the PH-property) if for each one of its pairings, there exists a perfect matching of $G$ such that the union of the two gives rise to a Hamiltonian cycle of $K_G$. In 2015, Alahmadi \emph{et al.} gave a complete characterisation of the cubic graphs having the PH-property. Most naturally, the next step is to characterise the quartic graphs that have the PH-property. In this work we propose a class of quartic graphs on two parameters, $n$ and $k$, which we call the class of accordion graphs $A[n,k]$. We show that an infinite family of quartic graphs (which are also circulant) that Alahmadi \emph{et al.} stated to have the PH-property are, in fact, members of this general class of accordion graphs. We also study the PH-property of this class of accordion graphs, at times considering the pairings of $G$ which are also perfect matchings of $G$. Furthermore, there is a close relationship between accordion graphs and the Cartesian product of two cycles. Motivated by a recent work by Bogdanowicz (2015), we give a complete characterisation of those accordion graphs that are circulant graphs. In fact, we show that $A[n,k]$ is not circulant if and only if both $n$ and $k$ are even, such that $k\geq 4$.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
On Finsler surfaces with certain flag curvatures
Creators: name: Taha, Ebtsam H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the present paper, we find out necessary and sufficient conditions for a Finsler surface $(M,F)$ to be Landsbregian in terms of the Berwald curvature $2$-forms. We study Finsler surfaces which satisfy some flag curvature $K$ conditions, viz., $V(K)=0,\,\,V(K)= -\mathcal{I}/F^2$ and $V(K)=-\mathcal{I}\,K,$ where $\mathcal{I}$ is the Cartan scalar. In order to do so, we investigate some geometric objects associated with the global Berwald distribution $\mathcal{D}:= \operatorname{span}\{S, H, V:=JH\}$ of a $2$-dimensional Finsler metrizable nonflat spray $S$. We obtain some classifications of such surfaces and show that under what hypothesis these surfaces turn to be Riemannian. The existence of a first integral for the geodesic flow in each case has some remarkable consequences concerning rigidity results. We prove that a Finsler surface with $V(K)= -\mathcal{I}/F^2$ and either $S(K)=0$ or $S(\mathcal{J})=0$ is Riemannian. Further, a Finsler surface with $V(K)=-\mathcal{I}\,K$ and $S(K)=0$ is Riemannian.
description: 10 pages
Der einzige Ort, wo ich innere Heimat fühle"
Creators: name: Gerl-Falkovitz, Hanna-Barbara
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 40 Nr. 1 (2011): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 40, Heft 1
Robustness and device independence of verifiable blind quantum computing
Creators: name: Gheorghiu, Alexandru
name: Kashefi, Elham
name: Wallden, Petros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in theoretical and experimental quantum computing bring us closer to scalable quantum computing devices. This makes the need for protocols that verify the correct functionality of quantum operations timely and has led to the field of quantum verification. In this paper we address key challenges to make quantum verification protocols applicable to experimental implementations. We prove the robustness of the single server verifiable universal blind quantum computing protocol of Fitzsimons and Kashefi (2012) in the most general scenario. This includes the case where the purification of the deviated input state is in the hands of an adversarial server. The proved robustness property allows the composition of this protocol with a device-independent state tomography protocol that we give, which is based on the rigidity of CHSH games as proposed by Reichardt, Unger and Vazirani (2013). The resulting composite protocol has lower round complexity for the verification of entangled quantum servers with a classical verifier and, as we show, can be made fault tolerant.
description: Shortly before uploading the first version on the arxiv, the authors became aware of parallel and independent research by Hajdusek, Perez-Delgado and Fitzsimons, which also addresses device-independent verifiable blind quantum computing and appeared the same day on the arxiv
Instanton-mediated baryon number violation in non-universal gauge extended models
Creators: name: Fuentes-Martin, J.
name: Portoles, J.
name: Ruiz-Femenia, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Instanton solutions of non-abelian Yang-Mills theories generate an effective action that may induce lepton and baryon number violations, namely $ΔB = ΔL = n_f$, being $n_f$ the number of families coupled to the gauge group. In this article we study instanton mediated processes in a $SU(2)_{\ell} \otimes SU(2)_h \otimes U(1)$ extension of the Standard Model that breaks universality by singularizing the third family. In the construction of the instanton Green functions we account systematically for the inter-family mixing. This allows us to use the experimental bounds on proton decay in order to constrain the gauge coupling of $SU(2)_h$. Tau lepton non-leptonic and radiative decays with $ΔB = ΔL = 1$ are also analysed.
description: 33 pages, 3 figures. Further explanations about the instanton solutions for the G(221) model added in a new appendix, conclusions unchanged. Version published in JHEP
Non-trivial symmetries in quantum landscapes and their resilience to quantum noise
Creators: name: Fontana, Enrico
name: Cerezo, M.
name: Arrasmith, Andrew
name: Rungger, Ivan
name: Coles, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Very little is known about the cost landscape for parametrized Quantum Circuits (PQCs). Nevertheless, PQCs are employed in Quantum Neural Networks and Variational Quantum Algorithms, which may allow for near-term quantum advantage. Such applications require good optimizers to train PQCs. Recent works have focused on quantum-aware optimizers specifically tailored for PQCs. However, ignorance of the cost landscape could hinder progress towards such optimizers. In this work, we analytically prove two results for PQCs: (1) We find an exponentially large symmetry in PQCs, yielding an exponentially large degeneracy of the minima in the cost landscape. Alternatively, this can be cast as an exponential reduction in the volume of relevant hyperparameter space. (2) We study the resilience of the symmetries under noise, and show that while it is conserved under unital noise, non-unital channels can break these symmetries and lift the degeneracy of minima, leading to multiple new local minima. Based on these results, we introduce an optimization method called Symmetry-based Minima Hopping (SYMH), which exploits the underlying symmetries in PQCs. Our numerical simulations show that SYMH improves the overall optimizer performance in the presence of non-unital noise at a level comparable to current hardware. Overall, this work derives large-scale circuit symmetries from local gate transformations, and uses them to construct a noise-aware optimization method.
description: 13 + 7 pages, 10 figures, updated title and article to published version
Human DNA tumor viruses evade uracil-mediated antiviral immunity
Creators: name: Damania, B.
name: Stewart, J.A.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: It is estimated that approximately 15% of tumors worldwide are caused by viruses [1]. These oncogenic viruses are classified as either RNA (RTVs) or DNA tumor viruses (DTVs) [1]. There are two human RTVs: hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1), and five human DTVs: human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) [1]. These tumor viruses (TVs) establish lifelong infection and evade host immunity using several strategies. While not all TV infections cause disease, viral modes of established latency and persistence perturb normal cellular processes, sometimes leading to cancer [1]. Particularly interesting are mechanisms to evade uracil-mediated antiviral immunity, which can be detrimental to the host genome.
Reassures Me There Are People Around Who Care about Me: Analyzing Meanings of Support for People with Epilepsy
Creators: name: Walker, C
name: Peterson, Chris
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 3505
subject: Human resources and industrial relations

description: Aims: The study aimed to examine the nature and outcomes of social support for the well-being and quality of life (QoL) of adults with epilepsy. Methods: The Australian Epilepsy Longitudinal Survey's 5 thWave included the Medical Outcomes Study Modified Social Support Survey on four dimensions of social support and the QOLIE-31. Both numerical data and open-ended responses were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. A mixed method was used where quantitative analysis used t -tests, analysis of variance and block recursive regression, and qualitative analysis identified themes. Results: Three-hundred thirty-two people with epilepsy (PWE) participated. The quantitative component showed that for emotional/informational support being older and living alone were key factors. These as well as household income were important in tangible support. For affectionate support living alone and household income were factors, but only income was a factor for positive social interaction. In addition, only positive social interaction predicted increased QoL. In the qualitative component of the study both positive and negative supports were identified for the emotional/informational supports. Many reported the benefits of having information, although some reported failure to have their needs taken seriously by health professionals or epilepsy associations. Inability to drive was an important feature of negative tangible support as was finding some assistive services unaffordable. Reports of positive social interaction identified being accepted as a person with epilepsy that is the primary concern. Peer support plays a role here. Discussion: The findings of factors affecting the four dimensions of support in this study have supported a number of studies. This includes the effects of positive social interaction on QoL. The qualitative analysis supports these results, but it also contributes to deeper understanding of support in the lives of PWE. Conclusion: Social support is a particularly important issue for PWE. The results of this study demonstrate the complexities and benefits of obtaining the appropriate forms of support. This survey took place before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and it may well be that this phenomenon affects PWE's support needs.
Distribution of Beurling primes and zeroes of the Beurling zeta function I. Distribution of the zeroes of the zeta function of Beurling
Creators: name: Révész, Szilárd Gy.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11M41, Secondary 11F66, 11M36, 30B50, 30C15

description: We prove three results on the density resp. local density and clustering of zeros of the Beurling zeta function $ζ(s)$ close to the one-line $σ:=\Re s=1$. The analysis here brings about some news, sometimes even for the classical case of the Riemann zeta function. Theorem 4 provides a zero density estimate, which is a complement to known results for the Selberg class. Note that density results for the Selberg class rely on use of the functional equation of $ζ$, which we do not assume in the Beurling context. In Theorem 5 we deduce a variant of a well-known theorem of Turán, extending its range of validity even for rectangles of height only $h=2$. In Theorem 6 we will extend a zero clustering result of Ramachandra from the Riemann zeta case. A weaker result -- which, on the other hand, is a strong sharpening of the average result from the classic book \cite{Mont} of Montgomery -- was worked out by Diamond, Montgomery and Vorhauer. Here we show that the obscure technicalities of the Ramachandra paper (like a polynomial with coefficients like $10^8$) can be gotten rid of, providing a more transparent proof of the validity of this clustering phenomenon.
Reflectionless Potentials for Difference Schrödinger Equations
Creators: name: Odake, Satoru
name: Sasaki, Ryu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: As a part of the program `discrete quantum mechanics,' we present general reflectionless potentials for difference Schrödinger equations with pure imaginary shifts. By combining contiguous integer wave number reflectionless potentials, we construct the discrete analogues of the $h(h+1)/\cosh^2x$ potential with the integer $h$, which belong to the recently constructed families of solvable dynamics having the $q$-ultraspherical polynomials with $|q|=1$ as the main part of the eigenfunctions. For the general ($h\in\mathbb{R}_{>0}$) scattering theory for these potentials, we need the connection formulas for the basic hypergeometric function ${}_2ϕ_1(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c}|q;z)$ with $|q|=1$, which is not known. The connection formulas are expected to contain the quantum dilogarithm functions as the $|q|=1$ counterparts of the $q$-gamma functions. We propose a conjecture of the connection formula of the ${}_2ϕ_1$ function with $|q|=1$. Based on the conjecture, we derive the transmission and reflection amplitudes, which have all the desirable properties. They provide a strong support to the conjectured connection formula.
description: 24 pages. Comments and references added. To appear in J. Phys. A
Eliminating lead exposure from drinking water—A global call to action
Creators: name: Bauza, Valerie
name: Fisher, Michael B.
name: Studer, Pierre
name: Norman, Ray
name: Strandberg, Johan
name: Danert, Kerstin
name: Hutchings, Paul
name: Ramseier, Claude
name: France, Jennifer De
name: Alvarez-Sala, Jorge
name: Lindsay, Christopher
name: Furey, Sean
name: Mulhern, Riley
name: Salzberg, Aaron
name: Diarra, Samuel
name: Hansen, Dain
name: Bartram, James
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Each year, approximately 900,000 people die from exposure to lead [1]. But the full impacts of lead exposure are far more insidious. Lead is a potent neurotoxin that impairs brain function and irreversibly harms children’s cognitive development. Any exposure to lead can be damaging. Recent studies estimate that 800 million children globally (approximately 1 in 3) have blood lead concentrations above 5 micrograms per deciliter and that lead exposure may be responsible for 30% of all intellectual disabilities of unknown origin [2, 3]. Lead exposure increases disease burden, estimated at over 21 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) yearly, primarily due to cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders. This disease burden attributed to lead has increased globally since 1990, because of population growth and aging [4]. Additional research has shown evidence of a direct dose-response relationship between children’s blood lead levels and reductions in IQ which decreases lifetime earnings [5, 6]. This makes lead a public health threat and a key environmental risk factor that exacerbates long-term inequalities affecting especially marginalized groups. Important sources of exposure include batteries, paint, food containers, drinking water systems, and leaded gasoline (now banned in all countries).
Analytic theory of Itô-stochastic differential equations with non-smooth coefficients
Creators: name: Lee, Haesung
name: Stannat, Wilhelm
name: Trutnau, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 60H20, 47D07, 60J35, Secondary 31C25, 35J15, 35B65, 60J60

description: We present a detailed analysis of non-degenerate time-homogeneous Itô-stochastic differential equations with low local regularity assumptions on the coefficients. In particular the drift coefficient may only satisfy a local integrability condition. We discuss non-explosion, irreducibility, Krylov type estimates, regularity of the transition function and resolvent, moment inequalities, recurrence, transience, long time behavior of the transition function, existence and uniqueness of invariant measures, as well as pathwise uniqueness, strong solutions and uniqueness in law. This analysis shows in particular that sharp explicit conditions for the various mentioned properties can be derived similarly to the case of classical stochastic differential equations with local Lipschitz coefficients.
description: 128 pages, revised version, index added
Superconductivity in quasi-one-dimensional K$_2$Cr$_3$As$_3$ with significant electron correlations
Creators: name: Bao, Jin-Ke
name: Liu, Ji-Yong
name: Ma, Cong-Wei
name: Meng, Zhi-Hao
name: Tang, Zhang-Tu
name: Sun, Yun-Lei
name: Zhai, Hui-Fei
name: Jiang, Hao
name: Bai, Hua
name: Feng, Chun-Mu
name: Xu, Zhu-An
name: Cao, Guang-Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of bulk superconductivity (SC) at 6.1 K in a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) chromium pnictide K$_2$Cr$_3$As$_3$ which contains [(Cr$_3$As$_3$)$^{2-}$]$_{\infty}$ double-walled subnano-tubes with face-sharing Cr$_{6/2}$ (As$_{6/2}$) octahedron linear chains in the inner (outer) wall. The material has a large electronic specific-heat coefficient of 70$\sim$75 mJ K$^{-2}$ mol$^{-1}$, indicating significantly strong electron correlations. Signature of non-Fermi liquid behavior is shown by the linear temperature dependence of resistivity in a broad temperature range from 7 to 300 K. Unconventional SC is preliminarily manifested by the estimated upper critical field exceeding the Pauli limit by a factor of three to four. The title compound represents a rare example that possibly unconventional SC emerges in a Q1D system with strong electron correlations.
description: Specific-heat data down to 0.5 K were added
A Study of R-R Interval Transition Matrix Features for Machine Learning Algorithms in AFib Detection
Creators: name: Smith, G.
name: Patel, S.
name: Chen, C.
name: Wang, M.
name: Guo, J.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) is a heart condition that occurs when electrophysiological malformations within heart tissues cause the atria to lose coordination with the ventricles, resulting in “irregularly irregular” heartbeats. Because symptoms are subtle and unpredictable, AFib diagnosis is often difficult or delayed. One possible solution is to build a system which predicts AFib based on the variability of R-R intervals (the distances between two R-peaks). This research aims to incorporate the transition matrix as a novel measure of R-R variability, while combining three segmentation schemes and two feature importance measures to systematically analyze the significance of individual features. The MIT-BIH dataset was first divided into three segmentation schemes, consisting of 5-s, 10-s, and 25-s subsets. In total, 21 various features, including the transition matrix features, were extracted from these subsets and used for the training of 11 machine learning classifiers. Next, permutation importance and tree-based feature importance calculations determined the most predictive features for each model. In summary, with Leave-One-Person-Out Cross Validation, classifiers under the 25-s segmentation scheme produced the best accuracies; specifically, Gradient Boosting (96.08%), Light Gradient Boosting (96.11%), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (96.30%). Among eleven classifiers, the three gradient boosting models and Random Forest exhibited the highest overall performance across all segmentation schemes. Moreover, the permutation and tree-based importance results demonstrated that the transition matrix features were most significant with longer subset lengths.
Proof of a conjectural supercongruence
Creators: name: Meng, Xiang-Zi
name: Sun, Zhi-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A07, 05A10, 11B65

description: Let $m>2$ and $q>0$ be integers with $m$ even or $q$ odd. We show the supercongruence $$\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}(-1)^{km}\binom{p/m-q}{k}^m\equiv0\pmod{p^3}.$$ for any prime $p>mq$. This confirms a conjecture of Sun.
description: 6 pages, final published version
Dynamic network analysis of a target defense differential game with limited observations
Creators: name: Singh, Sharad Kumar
name: Reddy, Puduru Viswanadha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we study a Target-Attacker-Defender (TAD) differential game involving one attacker, one target and multiple defenders. We consider two variations where (a) the attacker and the target have unlimited observation range and the defenders are visibility constrained (b) only the attacker has unlimited observation range and the remaining players are visibility constrained. We model the players' interactions as a dynamic game with asymmetric information. Here, the visibility constraints of the players induce a visibility network which encapsulates the visibility information during the evolution of the game. Based on this observation, we introduce network adapted feedback or implementable strategies for visibility constrained players. Using inverse game theory approach we obtain network adapted feedback Nash equilibrium strategies. We introduce a consistency criterion for selecting a subset (or refinement) of network adapted feedback Nash strategies, and provide an optimization based approach for computing them. Finally, we illustrate our results with numerical experiments.
description: accepted in IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems
Phenomenological QCD equation of state for massive neutron stars
Creators: name: Kojo, Toru
name: Powell, Philip D.
name: Song, Yifan
name: Baym, Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an equation of state for massive neutron stars based on quantum chromodynamics phenomenology. Our primary purpose is to delineate the relevant ingredients of equations of state that simultaneously have the required stiffness and satisfy constraints from thermodynamics and causality. These ingredients are: (i) a repulsive density-density interaction, universal for all flavors; (ii) the color-magnetic interaction active from low to high densities; (iii) confining effects, which become increasingly important as the baryon density decreases; (iv) non-perturbative gluons, which are not very sensitive to changes of the quark density. We use the following "3-window" description: At baryon densities below about twice normal nuclear density, 2n_0, we use the Akmal-Pandharipande-Ravenhall (APR) equation of state, and at high densities, > (4-7)n_0, we use the three-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model supplemented by vector and diquark interactions. In the transition density region, we smoothly interpolate the hadronic and quark equations of state in the chemical potential-pressure plane. Requiring that the equation of state approach APR at low densities, we find that the quark pressure in non-confining models can be larger than the hadronic pressure, unlike in conventional equations of state. We show that consistent equations of state of stiffness sufficient to allow massive neutron stars are reasonably tightly constrained, suggesting that gluon dynamics remains non-perturbative even at baryon densities ~10n_0.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures; v2 published version in PRD
Economic Potential Gain, Income Uncertainty, and Rural Migrants’ Urban Homeownership: Evidence from China
Creators: name: Song, Yan
name: Wang, Wei
name: Chen, Jie
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Citizenization of rural migrants is considered as a labeling urbanization goal in developing countries. Homeownership has always been regarded as the most important cornerstone of citizenization for individuals and families in China. Despite the existence of plenty of literature on migrants’ homeownership, some critical influencing factors are still under-investigated. On the basis of the large nation-wide micro data of the China Migrant Dynamic Survey (CMDS), this study investigates the correlations among economic potential gain, income uncertainty, and rural migrants’ homeownership propensity in their host cities. The empirical results suggest that economic potential gain is positively correlated with the likelihood of rural migrants’ homeownership in their host cities, whereas there is negative association between income uncertainty and urban homeownership propensity among rural migrant households. In addition, we found that larger income uncertainty lowers the positive association between economic potential gain and rural migrants’ homeownership propensity in their host cities. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of these correlations across demographic characteristics and regions were investigated. We conclude this paper by making several suggestions, including offering a level playing field for rewarding migrants’ human capital endowment reasonably in terms of income, accelerating the hukou system reform, and eliminating institutional discrimination imposed on rural migrants to increase income stability.
Exploring the geometry of supersymmetric double field theory
Creators: name: Butter, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The geometry of N=1 supersymmetric double field theory is revisited in superspace. In order to maintain the constraints on the torsion tensor, the local tangent space group of O(D) x O(D) must be expanded to include a tower of higher dimension generators. These include a generator in the irreducible hook representation of the Lorentz group, which gauges the shift symmetry (or ambiguity) of the spin connection. This gauging is possible even in the purely bosonic theory, where it leads to a Lorentz curvature whose only non-vanishing pieces are the physical ones: the generalized Einstein tensor and the generalized scalar curvature. A relation to the super-Maxwell$_\infty$ algebra is proposed. The superspace Bianchi identities are solved up through dimension two, and the component supersymmetry transformations and equations of motion are explicitly (re)derived.
description: 63 pages; v4: corrections in section 2; v3: typos corrected, corrections in appendix B
"La Pico", air de bravade de Saint-Tropez
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Shaken, not stirred: kinetic mixing in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
Creators: name: Bettoni, Dario
name: Zumalacárregui, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinetic mixing between the metric and scalar degrees of freedom is an essential ingredient in contemporary scalar-tensor theories. This often makes hard to understand their physical content, especially when derivative mixing is present, as it is the case for Horndeski action. In this work we develop a method that allows to write a Ricci curvature-free scalar field equation and discuss some of the advantages of such rephrasing in the study of stability issues in the presence of matter, the existence of an Einstein frame and the generalization of the disformal screening mechanism. For quartic Horndeski theories, such procedure leaves, in general, a residual coupling to curvature, given by the Weyl tensor. This gives rise to a binary classification of scalar-tensor theories into stirred theories, for which the curvature can be substituted for, and shaken theories for which a residual coupling to curvature remains. Quite remarkably, we have found that generalized DBI Galileons belong to the first class. Finally, we discuss kinetic mixing in quintic theories for which non-linear mixing terms appears and in the recently proposed theories beyond Horndeski which display a novel form of kinetic mixing, in which the field equation is sourced by derivatives of the energy-momentum tensor.
description: 15 pages plus appendices, 3 tables, changed format, minor changes, references added. Accepted for publication in PRD
CoMo: A novel co-moving 3D camera system
Creators: name: Cavagna, Andrea
name: Feng, Xiao
name: Melillo, Stefania
name: Parisi, Leonardo
name: Postiglione, Lorena
name: Villegas, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the theoretical interest in reconstructing long 3D trajectories of individual birds in large flocks, we developed CoMo, a co-moving camera system of two synchronized high speed cameras coupled with rotational stages, which allow us to dynamically follow the motion of a target flock. With the rotation of the cameras we overcome the limitations of standard static systems that restrict the duration of the collected data to the short interval of time in which targets are in the cameras common field of view, but at the same time we change in time the external parameters of the system, which have then to be calibrated frame-by-frame. We address the calibration of the external parameters measuring the position of the cameras and their three angles of yaw, pitch and roll in the system "home" configuration (rotational stage at an angle equal to 0deg and combining this static information with the time dependent rotation due to the stages. We evaluate the robustness and accuracy of the system by comparing reconstructed and measured 3D distances in what we call 3D tests, which show a relative error of the order of 1%. The novelty of the work presented in this paper is not only on the system itself, but also on the approach we use in the tests, which we show to be a very powerful tool in detecting and fixing calibration inaccuracies and that, for this reason, may be relevant for a broad audience.
Orientation before destruction. A multiscale molecular dynamics study
Creators: name: Sinelnikova, Anna
name: Mandl, Thomas
name: Agélli, Harald
name: Grånäs, Oscar
name: Marklund, Erik G.
name: Caleman, Carl
name: De Santis, Emiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergence of ultra-fast X-ray free-electron lasers opens the possibility of imaging single molecules in the gas phase at atomic resolution. The main disadvantage of this imaging technique is the unknown orientation of the sample exposed to the X-ray beam, making the three dimensional reconstruction not trivial. Induced orientation of molecules prior to X-ray exposure can be highly beneficial, as it significantly reduces the number of collected diffraction patterns whilst improving the quality of the reconstructed structure. We present here the possibility of protein orientation using a time-dependent external electric field. We used ab initio simulations on Trp-cage protein to provide a qualitative estimation of the field strength required to break protein bonds, with 45 V/nm as a breaking point value. Furthermore, we simulated, in a classical molecular dynamics approach, the orientation of ubiquitin protein by exposing it to different time-dependent electric fields. The protein structure was preserved for all samples at the moment orientation was achieved, which we denote `orientation before destruction'. Moreover, we find that the minimal field strength required to induce orientation within ten ns of electric field exposure, was of the order of 0.5 V/nm. Our results help explain the process of field orientation of proteins and can support the design of instruments for protein orientation.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables
The convective overshoot conundrum: Implications on the modelling of subgiant stars
Creators: name: Clara, Miguel
name: Cunha, Margarida S.
name: Avelino, Pedro
name: Campante, Tiago L.
name: Deheuvels, Sébastien
name: Reese, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Tests run on interpolation algorithms applied to grids of subgiant models with typical resolution have revealed the algorithms' inadequacy in rendering l=1 mode frequencies within the precision expected from long-term space-based observations (~0.1 μHz). Interpolation errors are particularly concerning in the case of mass tracks associated with the transition between radiative and convective cores during the main sequence. In such cases, they show systematic errors throughout the subgiant phase, reaching maxima of 7.5 μHz. Here, we show that these large systematic errors stem from the drastic change in the core structure in adjacent mass tracks when the interface between convective cores and radiative interiors during the main sequence is modelled by means of exponential diffusive overshooting with convective overshoot parameter, f_ov. Moreover, we discuss how f_ov influences interpolation in a grid of subgiant models and how the issues caused by less educated guesses of its value can be mitigated. Additionally, we explore the possibility of creating a grid of subgiant models where f_ov is dependent on the mass, as discussed in Claret & Torres (2018), and highlight the benefits associated with this approach.
Precision determination of the CKM element Vcb
Creators: name: Alberti, Andrea
name: Gambino, Paolo
name: Healey, Kristopher J.
name: Nandi, Soumitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extract the magnitude of the CKM matrix element Vcb and the most relevant parameters of the Heavy Quark Expansion from data of inclusive semileptonic B decays. Our calculation includes the recently computed O(alphas Lambda^2/mb^2) corrections and a careful estimate of the residual theoretical uncertainty. Using a recent determination of the charm quark mass, we obtain |Vcb| = (42.21+-0.78)x10-3 and mb_kin(1GeV)=(4.553+-0.020)GeV.
description: 5 pages, v2: minor changes, matches journal version
Ban--Linial's Conjecture and treelike snarks
Creators: name: Zerafa, Jean Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C15

description: A bridgeless cubic graph $G$ is said to have a 2-bisection if there exists a 2-vertex-colouring of $G$ (not necessarily proper) such that: (i) the colour classes have the same cardinality, and (ii) the monochromatic components are either an isolated vertex or an edge. In 2016, Ban and Linial conjectured that every bridgeless cubic graph, apart from the well-known Petersen graph, admits a 2-bisection. In the same paper it was shown that every Class I bridgeless cubic graph admits such a bisection. The Class II bridgeless cubic graphs which are critical to many conjectures in graph theory are known as snarks, in particular, those with excessive index at least 5, that is, whose edge set cannot be covered by four perfect matchings. Moreover, in [J. Graph Theory, 86(2) (2017), 149--158], Esperet et al. state that a possible counterexample to Ban--Linial's Conjecture must have circular flow number at least 5. The same authors also state that although empirical evidence shows that several graphs obtained from the Petersen graph admit a 2-bisection, they can offer nothing in the direction of a general proof. Despite some sporadic computational results, until now, no general result about snarks having excessive index and circular flow number both at least 5 has been proven. In this work we show that treelike snarks, which are an infinite family of snarks heavily depending on the Petersen graph and with both their circular flow number and excessive index at least 5, admit a 2-bisection.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Effect of Viral Strain and Host Age on Clinical Disease and Viral Replication in Immunocompetent Mouse Models of Chikungunya Encephalomyelitis
Creators: name: Knight, Audrey C.
name: Baxter, Victoria K.
name: Anderson, Elizabeth J.
name: Heise, Mark T.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: The alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV) represents a reemerging public health threat as mosquito vectors spread and viruses acquire advantageous mutations. Although primarily arthritogenic in nature, CHIKV can produce neurological disease with long-lasting sequelae that are difficult to study in humans. We therefore evaluated immunocompetent mouse strains/stocks for their susceptibility to intracranial infection with three different CHIKV strains, the East/Central/South African (ECSA) lineage strain SL15649 and Asian lineage strains AF15561 and SM2013. In CD-1 mice, neurovirulence was age- and CHIKV strain-specific, with SM2013 inducing less severe disease than SL15649 and AF15561. In 4–6-week-old C57BL/6J mice, SL15649 induced more severe disease and increased viral brain and spinal cord titers compared to Asian lineage strains, further indicating that neurological disease severity is CHIKV-strain-dependent. Proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and CD4+ T cell infiltration in the brain were also increased with SL15649 infection, suggesting that like other encephalitic alphaviruses and with CHIKV-induced arthritis, the immune response contributes to CHIKV-induced neurological disease. Finally, this study helps overcome a current barrier in the alphavirus field by identifying both 4–6-week-old CD-1 and C57BL/6J mice as immunocompetent, neurodevelopmentally appropriate mouse models that can be used to examine CHIKV neuropathogenesis and immunopathogenesis following direct brain infection.