cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A simple model for the short-time evolution of near-surface current and temperature profiles
Creators: name: Jenkins, Alastair D.
name: Ward, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple analytical/numerical model has been developed for computing the evolution, over periods of up to a few hours, of the current and temperature profile in the upper layer of the ocean. The model is based upon conservation laws for heat and momentum, and employs an eddy diffusion parameterisation which is dependent on both the wind speed and the wind stress applied at the sea surface. Other parameters such as the bulk-skin surface temperature difference and CO$_2$ flux are determined by application of the Molecular Oceanic Boundary Layer Model (MOBLAM) of Schluessel and Soloviev. A similar model, for the current profile only, predicts a temporary increase in wave breaking intensity and decrease in wave height under conditions where the wind speed increases suddenly, such as, for example, during gusts and squalls. The model results are compared with measurements from the lagrangian Skin Depth Experimental Profiler (SkinDeEP) surface profiling instrument made during the 1999 MOCE-5 field experiment in the waters around Baja California. SkinDeEP made repeated profiles of temperature within the upper few metres of the water column. Given that no tuning was performed in the model, and that the model does not take account of stratification, the results of the model runs are in rather good agreement with the observations. The model may be suitable as an interface between time-independent models of processes very near the surface, and larger-scale three-dimensional time-dependent ocean circulation models. A straightforward extension of the model should also be suitable for making time-dependent computations of gas concentration in the near-surface layer of the ocean.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. In press at Deep-Sea Research II. Uses a modified form of elsart.cls. Proof corrections
Tight Differential Privacy for Discrete-Valued Mechanisms and for the Subsampled Gaussian Mechanism Using FFT
Creators: name: Koskela, Antti
name: Jälkö, Joonas
name: Prediger, Lukas
name: Honkela, Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a numerical accountant for evaluating the tight $(\varepsilon,δ)$-privacy loss for algorithms with discrete one dimensional output. The method is based on the privacy loss distribution formalism and it uses the recently introduced fast Fourier transform based accounting technique. We carry out an error analysis of the method in terms of moment bounds of the privacy loss distribution which leads to rigorous lower and upper bounds for the true $(\varepsilon,δ)$-values. As an application, we present a novel approach to accurate privacy accounting of the subsampled Gaussian mechanism. This completes the previously proposed analysis by giving strict lower and upper bounds for the privacy parameters. We demonstrate the performance of the accountant on the binomial mechanism and show that our approach allows decreasing noise variance up to 75 percent at equal privacy compared to existing bounds in the literature. We also illustrate how to compute tight bounds for the exponential mechanism applied to counting queries.
description: 41 pages, 5 figures
Institutionelle Grundlagen der Agrarprotektion: Eine polit-ökonomische Analyse der Agrarpolitik in den Mittel- und Osteuropäischen Ländern
Creators: name: Henning, Christian H.C.A.
name: Krause, Kim Carolin
name: Struve, Carsten
name: Henning, Christian H.C.A.
name: Krause, Kim Carolin
name: Struve, Carsten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: formal model of legislative decision-making
subject: political economy of GAP
subject: EU-enlargement

description: The impact of political institutions, e.g. the organization of legislature, election and party systems, on agricultural protection has hardly been taken into account explicitly in theoretical and empirical studies, yet. In this framework the paper investigates to what extent political institutions explain observed variances in the political power of the agrarian population in the ten Central and Eastern European Countries / Candidates (CEEC) applying for an accession to the EU. Moreover, it is analyzed to what extent EU-accession will be politically feasible given the specific political and economic framework conditions of the individual states. In particular, empirical analyses imply the following results: (i) The political power of the agrarian population varies significantly among the analyzed countries. (ii) The political weights are significantly determined by political institutions. (iii) Analyzing to what extent EU-accession is politically feasible in the CEEC-states we can show that political feasibility of EU-accession crucially depends on keeping the rule of financial solidarity. Contrary, keeping the rule of financial solidarity implies that future CAP will become even more inefficient in economic terms.
Depinning at the initial stage of the resistive transition in superconductors with a fractal cluster structure
Creators: name: Kuzmin, Yuriy I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Depinning of vortices in percolative superconductor containing fractal clusters of a normal phase is considered. Transition of the superconductor into a resistive state corresponds to the percolation transition from a pinned vortex state to a resistive state when the vortices are free to move. The motion of the magnetic flux transferred by these vortices gives rise to the region of initial dissipation on current-voltage characteristic. The influence of normal phase clusters on distinctive features of current-voltage characteristics of percolative type-II superconductors is considered. It is found that an increase in the fractal dimension of the normal phase clusters causes the initial dissipation region to broaden out. The reason of this effect is an increase in the density of free vortices broken away from the pinning centers by the Lorentz force. Dependencies of the free vortex density on the fractal dimension of the normal phase cluster boundaries are obtained.
description: 7 pages with 2 figures
Area-Wide Management of Fruit-Flies: What are the Costs and the Benefits?
Creators: name: Florec, Veronique
name: Sadler, Rohan
name: White, Benedict
name: Florec, Veronique
name: Sadler, Rohan
name: White, Benedict
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Eradication
subject: Surveillance
subject: Queensland Fruit Fly
subject: Area-Wide Management of Pests
subject: pestfree area
subject: invasive species
subject: biosecurity

description: Increasing volumes and speed of agricultural trade and the opening of new markets for agricultural products create greater challenges to systems established to protect countries from invasive organisms that can be harmful to human and animal health, crops and natural environments. In reaction to the threat of exotic pests and diseases, the World Trade Organization recognises the right of country members to protect themselves from the risks posed by exotic pests and diseases through the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures. One possible response from exporting countries facing SPS trade barriers is to obtain pest-free area (PFA) certification. While large benefits can potentially be achieved from greater access to world markets through the establishment and maintenance of a PFA, certification can be expensive. This paper aims to identify a theoretical framework on which to base the cost benefit analysis and the costs and benefits to be measured, from which a methodology for measuring costs and benefits may be developed. The literature relevant to analysing PFAs reveals that cost benefit analysis of the establishment of PFAs incorporate complex links between the economic aspects of this type of pest management and the biological characteristics of the pest or disease targeted and its environment.
Surveillance in Fruit Flies Free Areas: An Economic Analysis
Creators: name: Florec, Veronique
name: Sadler, Rohan
name: White, Benedict
name: Florec, Veronique
name: Sadler, Rohan
name: White, Benedict
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Surveillance measures
subject: Queensland Fruit Fly
subject: Area-Wide Management of Pests
subject: pest-free area
subject: invasive species

description: Increasing pressure to reduce the use of pre and post-harvest treatment chemicals to control insect pests has led to calls for alternative control methods. As a result, the implementation of area-wide management of pests could be developed as either an alternative to chemicals or as a means of reducing pesticide use. However, maintaining an area-wide management programme can be expensive as it requires the execution of surveillance activities, exclusion measures and contingency plans for a rapid eradication response in the case of a pest outbreak. A sound benefit-cost analysis is an essential starting point to measure gains from research and development into improved methods of surveillance and exclusion. This paper presents a study of the costs of surveillance measures. We applied our model to the Fruit Fly Exclusion Zone (FFEZ) in South Eastern Australia.
Mindful panic : subtitle integrating CBT and psychodynamic therapy with mindfulness to improve relationships with panic
Creators: name: Smith, Marian A
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Although cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is currently the first line of treatment for panic disorder, many individuals experience less than adequate post-treatment relief and continue to experience substantial levels of anxiety, fear of panicking, avoidance and reduced quality of life. Many continue to seek alternate treatment to cope with their fear. Much of the research on panic disorder reveals that a more comprehensive treatment approach is needed to offer clients a better therapeutic fit and increased efficacy of treatment. The author proposes a model combining CBT and psychodynamic therapy with Buddhist concepts and mindfulness meditation. Drawing on her own experience with various treatment approaches as a client and as a therapist, the author outlines the importance of mindfulness practice for the growth and development of therapists as well as clients. The dynamic and flexible treatment model is adaptable to individual clients and their changing needs over time and stresses the importance of awareness, connection, action and compassion. Clients who continue to experience panic attacks post-treatment are offered a practical and empowering method to work with them. This integrated therapeutic approach thus offers clients the opportunity to improve their relationships with anxiety and panic and to no longer allow these states to define them.
The 4d effective action of 5d gauged supergravity with boundaries
Creators: name: Brax, Ph.
name: Chatillon, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider gauged five dimensional supergravity with boundaries and vector multiplets in the bulk. We analyse the zero modes of the BPS configurations preserving N=1 supergravity at low energy. We find the 4d low energy effective action involving the moduli associated to the BPS zero modes. In particular, we derive the Kähler potential on the moduli space corresponding to the low energy 4d N=1 effective action.
description: 11 pages
Quantifying the effects of spatial resolution and noise on galaxy metallicity gradients
Creators: name: Acharyya, Ayan
name: Krumholz, Mark R.
name: Federrath, Christoph
name: Kewley, Lisa J.
name: Goldbaum, Nathan J.
name: Sharp, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metallicity gradients are important diagnostics of galaxy evolution, because they record the history of events such as mergers, gas inflow and star-formation. However, the accuracy with which gradients can be measured is limited by spatial resolution and noise, and hence measurements need to be corrected for such effects. We use high resolution (~20 pc) simulation of a face-on Milky Way mass galaxy, coupled with photoionisation models, to produce a suite of synthetic high resolution integral field spectroscopy (IFS) datacubes. We then degrade the datacubes, with a range of realistic models for spatial resolution (2 to 16 beams per galaxy scale length) and noise, to investigate and quantify how well the input metallicity gradient can be recovered as a function of resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the intention to compare with modern IFS surveys like MaNGA and SAMI. Given appropriate propagation of uncertainties and pruning of low SNR pixels, we show that a resolution of 3-4 telescope beams per galaxy scale length is sufficient to recover the gradient to ~10-20% uncertainty. The uncertainty escalates to ~60% for lower resolution. Inclusion of the low SNR pixels causes the uncertainty in the inferred gradient to deteriorate. Our results can potentially inform future IFS surveys regarding the resolution and SNR required to achieve a desired accuracy in metallicity gradient measurements.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, 20 pages Supplementary Online Material provided with 10 additional figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Does tendering conservation contracts with performance payments generate additional benefits?
Creators: name: Schilizzi, Steven
name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Schilizzi, Steven
name: Breustedt, Gunnar
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Conservation tenders
subject: auctions
subject: incentive contracts
subject: agricultural policy
subject: environmental policy
subject: market-based instruments
subject: experimental economics

description: Policy makers aiming to get private landholders to supply non-marketed environmental services may need to provide efficient economic incentives. Two ideas have been explored to achieve this: linking contract payments to environmental outcomes and submitting the contracts to competitive tender. This paper investigates whether there are any gains to be had by combining the potential benefits of both approaches. Landholders’ risk aversion to only partially controlled outcomes may offset incentive effects if the fall in participation outweighs any increases in individual effort. Controlled lab experiments were designed on the basis of a theoretical model and were run in two countries, with varying rates of payments linked to environmental outcomes. Results suggest that it can be counterproductive in terms of expected environmental outcomes to combine tenders with incentive payments, especially when the target population is known to be risk-averse.
Evaluating conservation auctions with limited information: the policy maker’s predicament
Creators: name: Schilizzi, Steven
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Schilizzi, Steven
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Auctions
subject: procurement
subject: tenders
subject: conservation
subject: economic experiments
subject: model validation

description: Buying environmental services from private landholders using tendering mechanisms are usually subject to a budget constraint. Auction theory has mostly focused on target-constrained auctions and is less well developed for this type of auction. This paper examines a theoretical model specifically developed for budget-constrained tenders and assesses its capacity to predict tendering performance under information limitations typical of those found in field applications. But this assessment cannot be done without complementing the model with controlled laboratory experiments. Subject to their external validity, we find that the model is able to make the correct policy recommendation when comparing the tender to an equivalent fixed price scheme, even when the accuracy of its prediction is far from perfect. However, the study suggests that more than a single point estimate of bidders’ costs is needed for this to happen, indicating that it should be worthwhile for policy administrators to invest in some information acquisition before deciding to run a tender.
Can Life develop in the expanded habitable zones around Red Giant Stars?
Creators: name: Lopez, Bruno
name: Schneider, Jean
name: Danchi, William C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some new ideas about the possibility of life developing around sub-giant and red giant stars. Our study concerns the temporal evolution of the habitable zone. The distance between the star and the habitable zone, as well as its width, increases with time as a consequence of stellar evolution. The habitable zone moves outward after the star leaves the main sequence, sweeping a wider range of distances from the star until the star reaches the tip of the asymptotic giant branch. If life could form and evolve over time intervals from $5 \times 10^8$ to $10^9$ years, then there could be habitable planets with life around red giant stars. For a 1 M$_{\odot}$ star at the first stages of its post main-sequence evolution, the temporal transit of the habitable zone is estimated to be of several 10$^9$ years at 2 AU and around 10$^8$ years at 9 AU. Under these circumstances life could develop at distances in the range 2-9 AU in the environment of sub-giant or giant stars and in the far distant future in the environment of our own Solar System. After a star completes its first ascent along the Red Giant Branch and the He flash takes place, there is an additional stable period of quiescent He core burning during which there is another opportunity for life to develop. For a 1 M$_{\odot}$ star there is an additional $10^9$ years with a stable habitable zone in the region from 7 to 22 AU. Space astronomy missions, such as proposed for the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) and Darwin should also consider the environments of sub-giants and red giant stars as potentially interesting sites for understanding the development of life.
Additional file 2 of Ultraviolet radiation changes plant color
Creators: name: Valenta, Kim
name: Dimac-Stohl, Kristin
name: Baines, Frances
name: Smith, Todd
name: Piotrowski, Greg
name: Hill, Norman
name: Kuppler, Jonas
name: Nevo, Omer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Spectral Power Distribution: Big Apple Mystic UVB fluorescent tube and Solar Spectrum. Absolute irradiance (μW/cm2/nm), at a lamp distance of 10 cm. Solar spectrum from: Bernhard, G., B. Mayer, G. Seckmeyer, and A. Moise (1997), Measurements of spectral solar UV irradiance in tropical Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D7), 8719–8730.
A note on the performance measure of conservation auctions
Creators: name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Schilizzi, Steven
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Schilizzi, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Auctions
subject: procurement
subject: tenders
subject: conservation
subject: economic experiments
subject: model validation
subject: plus: assessment method
subject: agricultural policy
subject: environmental policy
subject: market-based instruments

description: We argue that previous assessments of discriminatory-price conservation auctions may have systematically overestimated their performance relative to uniform-payment schemes due to an inappropriate counterfactual comparison. We demonstrate that the cost curve (and not the bid curve) is the relevant supply curve when a uniform payment is offered and provide a theoretically rigorous counterfactual based on that insight. We estimate that the performance of BushTender may have been overrated by more than 50%.
Near-IR speckle imaging of massive young stellar objects
Creators: name: Alvarez, C.
name: Hoare, M.
name: Glindemann, A.
name: Richichi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-IR speckle images of 21 massive Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) associated with outflows. The aim of this study is to search for sub-arcsecond reflection nebulae associated with the outflow cavity. We find that 6 of the massive YSOs show a conical nebula which can be interpreted in terms of reflected light from the dusty walls of the outflow cavity. In all cases, the small scale structures seen in our images are compared with outflow indicators found in the literature. No clear correlation is found between the presence of the reflection nebulosity and any property such as degree of embeddedness. We also note that 3 of the sources show close companions, one of them belonging also to the sample with conical nebula.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Resumen de las Actas de la Comisión de Monumentos y Patrimonio Histórico Acta nº2 de 19 de febrero de 2024
Creators: name: Moleón Gavilanes, Pedro
name: Almagro Gorbea, Antonio
name: Nieto Yusta, Olivia
Publisher: name: Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
Year: 2024

description: En la Comisión de Monumentos y Patrimonio Histórico celebrada el 19 de febrero de 2024 se abordaron los siguientes asuntos: 

-Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid.

-Conjunto patrimonial Los Selgas.

-Comisión de valoración de la Torre de Proaza en Cantabria.

-Reunión del Consejo Cívico y Social del Paisaje de la Luz.

-Expediente de BIC para el Faro del Cabo de Palos.

-Informe de D. Enrique Campuzano contra solicitud de derribo en Cantabria.

-Visita de la Asociación para la Conservación del Patrimonio de la Huerta de Murcia (HUERMUR).

-Memoria justificativa de la subvención para 2023 por la Comunidad de Madrid a la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.

-Informe para declaración como BIC de la Central Lechera CLESA.

-Publicación en homenaje a Pedro Navascués.

-Denuncias del estado de los jardines y arbolado de Aranjuez.

-ADENDA. Informe de la Comisión de Monumentos y Patrimonio Histórico solicitado por parte de la Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural y Bellas Artes del Ministerio de Cultura relativo al Faro del Cabo de Palos en Cartagena (Murcia) para su posible declaración como BIC.
Gas accretion regulates the scatter of the mass-metallicity relation
Creators: name: De Lucia, Gabriella
name: Xie, Lizhi
name: Fontanot, Fabio
name: Hirschmann, Michaela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we take advantage of the GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly (GAEA) semi-analytic model to analyse the origin of secondary dependencies in the local galaxy mass - gas metallicity relation. Our model reproduces quite well the trends observed in the local Universe as a function of galaxy star formation rate and different gas-mass phases. We show that the cold gas content (whose largest fraction is represented by the atomic gas phase) can be considered as the third parameter governing the scatter of the predicted mass-metallicity relation, in agreement with the most recent observational measurements. The trends can be explained with fluctuations of the gas accretion rates: a decrease of the gas supply leads to an increase of the gas metallicity due to star formation, while an increase of the available cold gas leads to a metallicity depletion. We demonstrate that the former process is responsible for offsets above the mass-metallicity relation, while the latter is responsible for deviations below the mass-metallicity relation. In low and intermediate mass galaxies, these negative offsets are primarily determined by late gas cooling dominated by material that has been previously ejected due to stellar feedback.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures + 1 Appendix. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Resumen de las Actas de la Comisión de Monumentos y Patrimonio Histórico Acta nº2 de 19 de febrero de 2024
Creators: name: Moleón Gavilanes, Pedro
name: Almagro Gorbea, Antonio
name: Nieto Yusta, Olivia
Publisher: name: Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
Year: 2024

description: En la Comisión de Monumentos y Patrimonio Histórico celebrada el 19 de febrero de 2024 se abordaron los siguientes asuntos: 

-Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid.

-Conjunto patrimonial Los Selgas.

-Comisión de valoración de la Torre de Proaza en Cantabria.

-Reunión del Consejo Cívico y Social del Paisaje de la Luz.

-Expediente de BIC para el Faro del Cabo de Palos.

-Informe de D. Enrique Campuzano contra solicitud de derribo en Cantabria.

-Visita de la Asociación para la Conservación del Patrimonio de la Huerta de Murcia (HUERMUR).

-Memoria justificativa de la subvención para 2023 por la Comunidad de Madrid a la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.

-Informe para declaración como BIC de la Central Lechera CLESA.

-Publicación en homenaje a Pedro Navascués.

-Denuncias del estado de los jardines y arbolado de Aranjuez.
The Timescale for Loss of Massive Vector Hair by a Black Hole and its Consequences for Proton Decay
Creators: name: Pawl, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has long been known that matter charged under a broken U(1) gauge symmetry collapsing to form a black hole will radiate away the associated external (massive) gauge field. We show that the timescale for the radiation of the monopole component of the field will be on the order of the inverse Compton wavelength of the gauge boson (assuming natural units). Since the Compton wavelength for a massive gauge boson is directly related to the scale of symmetry breaking, the timescale for a black hole to lose its gauge field "hair" is determined only by this scale. The timescale for Hawking radiation, however, is set by the mass of the black hole. These different dependencies mean that for any (sub-Planckian) scale of symmetry breaking we can define a mass below which black holes radiate quickly enough to discharge themselves via the Hawking process before the gauge field is radiated away. This has important implications for the extrapolation of classical black hole physics to Planck-scale virtual black holes. In particular, we comment on the implications for protecting protons from gravitationally mediated decay.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Scarring in a driven system with wave chaos
Creators: name: Virovlyansky, A. L.
name: Zaslavsky, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider acoustic wave propagation in a model of a deep ocean acoustic waveguide with a periodic range-dependence. Formally, the wave field is described by the Schrodinger equation with a time-dependent Hamiltonian. Using methods borrowed from the quantum chaos theory it is shown that in the driven system under consideration there exists a "scarring" effect similar to that observed in autonomous quantum systems.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
Spin Wave Normalization Towards all Magnonic Circuits
Creators: name: Mahmoud, Abdulqader
name: Vanderveken, Frederic
name: Adelmann, Christoph
name: Ciubotaru, Florin
name: Cotofana, Sorin
name: Hamdioui, Said
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The key enabling factor for Spin Wave (SW) technology utilization for building ultra low power circuits is the ability to energy efficiently cascade SW basic computation blocks. SW Majority gates, which constitute a universal gate set for this paradigm, operating on phase encoded data are not input output coherent in terms of SW amplitude, and as such, their cascading requires information representation conversion from SW to voltage and back, which is by no means energy effective. In this paper, a novel conversion free SW gate cascading scheme is proposed that achieves SW amplitude normalization by means of a directional coupler. After introducing the normalization concept, we utilize it in the implementation of three simple circuits and, to demonstrate its bigger scale potential, of a 2-bit inputs SW multiplier. The proposed structures are validated by means of the Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF) and GPU-accelerated Micromagnetics (MuMax3). Furthermore, we assess the normalization induced energy overhead and demonstrate that the proposed approach consumes 20% to 33% less energy when compared with the transducers based conventional counterpart. Finally, we introduce a normalization based SW 2-bit inputs multiplier design and compare it with functionally equivalent SW transducer based and 16nm CMOS designs. Our evaluation indicate that the proposed approach provided 26% and 6.25x energy reductions when compared with the conventional approach and 16nm CMOS counterpart, respectively, which demonstrates that our proposal is energy effective and opens the road towards the full utilization of the SW paradigm potential and the development of SW only circuits.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 801055 "Spin Wave Computing for Ultimately-Scaled Hybrid Low-Power Electronics" CHIRON
Captive insurance companies and the management of non-conventional corporate risks
Creators: name: Lesourd, Jean-Baptiste
name: Schilizzi, Steven
name: Lesourd, Jean-Baptiste
name: Schilizzi, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: corporate insurance
subject: reinsurance
subject: uncertainty
subject: ambiguity
subject: non-conventional risks
subject: captive insurance companies

description: We examine under what conditions setting up a captive insurance company with reinsurance is an optimal solution for risk-averse firms when the insured firm, the insurer and the reinsurer do not know the probability distribution of some risks, and have conflicting estimates of this distribution.
The Role of the work environment in the psychological well-being and distress of stressed female clerical workers
Creators: name: Neill, Caroline Catherine Carragher
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the way the work environment contributes to clerical workers' psychological well-being and distress. Given recent changes to clerical workers' occupational context (e.g., increased workload, job insecurity), specific dimensions of the work environment were expected to predict both job satisfaction and depression. Data were collected longitudinally on three occasions (1 month apart) from two samples (N=223; N=2Q1, respectively) of stressed female clerical workers. Phase 1 established the factorial structure of the shortened version of the Work Environment Scale (Billings & Moos, 1982). The hypothesized two-factor structure (social resources, work demands) was not supported by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Further Exploratory Factor Analysis and CFA revealed a three-factor structure: Organizational Support (job involvement, peer cohesion, supervisor support, autonomy, and work clarity), Work Pressure, and Managerial Control. The results partially supported Moos's (1981) three-dimensional work environment model. Based on the results of Phase 1, in Phase 2,1 examined the extent to which Organizational Support, Work Pressure, and Managerial Control predicted job satisfaction and depression, statistically controlling for demographic variables and negative affectivity (only in Sample 2). Hierarchical multiple regression supported the hypotheses that Organizational Support predicted greater job satisfaction in both samples and less depression for Sample 1 only. Unexpectedly, Work Pressure and Managerial Control were not linearly related to job satisfaction or depression. Path analysis revealed that job satisfaction mediated the Organizational Support-depression relationship, but only for Sample 1, partially supporting the hypothesis. Exploratory analyses revealed that the moderating effects of Organizational Support on the work demands-job satisfaction or depression relationships were not statistically significant. However, union membership was associated with greater job dissatisfaction. Of note, components of the Organizational Support subscale reflect characteristics of the work environment that enhance clerical workers feelings of being valued and respected for their contributions to the workplace. Thus, creating opportunities for organizational support may be important to administrators who wish to design a psychologically healthy work environment for clerical workers. Finally, the role of job satisfaction in mediating the relationship between organizational support and depression is an important finding, and warrants further study.
Equity judgments and context dependence: Knowledge, efficiency and incentives
Creators: name: Schilizzi, Steven
name: Schilizzi, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Equity
subject: fairness
subject: resource allocation
subject: environmental policy
subject: experimental economics
subject: welfare economics
subject: public choice

description: Distributional equity concerns are often at least as important as economic efficiency and ecological sustainability in environmental and natural resource management policies. Until recently, however, economists have shied away from tackling equity issues, primarily because equity appeared as a slippery concept, varying across people and circumstances. This study takes this context-dependence of equity judgments as a starting point and shows that such dependence, far from being random, is systematic. A series of controlled laboratory treatments with University students were designed to investigate the role on distributional equity judgments of such context factors as knowledge of one’s position in society, how the existence of equity-efficiency tradeoffs can affect equity judgments, and the importance of material incentives compared with hypothetical situations, where ‘in principle’ judgments are called for. Key results include the relative discriminating power of context factors, the hierarchy of context-dependence, the dissymmetry between support and opposition to equity principles, and the impact of different wealth endowments on equity judgments. A number of common beliefs are found not to be substantiated by our experimental findings.
Lunar Laser Ranging Science
Creators: name: Williams, James G.
name: Boggs, Dale H.
name: Turyshev, Slava G.
name: Ratcliff, J. Todd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analysis of Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) data provides science results: gravitational physics and ephemeris information from the orbit, lunar science from rotation and solid-body tides, and Earth science. Sensitive tests of gravitational physics include the Equivalence Principle, limits on the time variation of the gravitational constant G, and geodetic precession. The equivalence principle test is used for an accurate determination of the parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) parameter β. Lunar ephemerides are a product of the LLR analysis used by current and future spacecraft missions. The analysis is sensitive to astronomical parameters such as orbit, masses and obliquity. The dissipation-caused semimajor axis rate is 37.9 mm/yr and the associated acceleration in orbital longitude is -25.7 ''/cent^2, dominated by tides on Earth with a 1% lunar contribution. Lunar rotational variation has sensitivity to interior structure, physical properties, and energy dissipation. The second-degree lunar Love numbers are detected; k_2 has an accuracy of 11%. Lunar tidal dissipation is strong and its Q has a weak dependence on tidal frequency. A fluid core of about 20% the Moon's radius is indicated by the dissipation data. Evidence for the oblateness of the lunar fluid-core/solid-mantle boundary is getting stronger. This would be independent evidence for a fluid lunar core. Moon-centered coordinates of four retroreflectors are determined. Station positions and motion, Earth rotation variations, nutation, and precession are determined from analyses. Extending the data span and improving range accuracy will yield improved and new scientific results. Adding either new retroreflectors or precise active transponders on the Moon would improve the accuracy of the science results.
description: 7 pagess, invited talk given at ``14th International Workshop on Laser Ranging,'' San Fernando, Spain, June 7-11, 2004
Additional file 5 of Gangrenous mastitis in dromedary camels in UAE caused by Streptococcus agalactiae
Creators: name: Tigani-Asil, El Tigani Ahmed El
name: Abdelwahab, Ghada Elderdiri
name: Jayamohanan Thikkal Veedu Payyan Veedu
name: Abdelmalik Ibrahim Khalafalla
name: Zayed Saud Abdullah Mohamed
name: Ishag, Hassan Zackaria Ali
name: Shah, Asma Abdi Mohamed
name: Alhosani, Mohamed Ali Abdulla
name: Muhairi, Salama Suhail Mohammed Al
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 5: Top Ten BLAST alignment of isolate 5 (strain: CMEUAE, Acc. No. MN267809.1).
Fragmented monopole crystal, dimer entropy and Coulomb interactions in Dy$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Cathelin, V.
name: Lefrançois, E.
name: Robert, J.
name: Guruciaga, P. C.
name: Paulsen, C.
name: Prabhakaran, 1 D.
name: Lejay, P.
name: Damay, F.
name: Ollivier, J.
name: Fåk, B.
name: Chapon, L. C.
name: Ballou, R.
name: Simonet, V.
name: Holdsworth, P. C. W.
name: Lhotel, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron scattering, specific heat and magnetisation measurements on both powders and single crystals reveal that Dy$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ realizes the fragmented monopole crystal state in which antiferromagnetic order and a Coulomb phase spin liquid co-inhabit. The measured residual entropy is that of a hard core dimer liquid, as predicted. Inclusion of Coulomb interactions allows for a quantitative description of both the thermodynamic data and the magnetisation dynamics, with the energy scale given by deconfined defects in the emergent ionic crystal. Our data reveal low energy excitations, as well as a large distribution of energy barriers down to low temperatures, while the magnetic response to an applied field suggests that domain wall pinning is important; results that call for further theoretical modelling.
description: 6 pages + supp. mat. 6 pages
Additional file 1 of Advances in blood–brain barrier modeling in microphysiological systems highlight critical differences in opioid transport due to cortisol exposure
Creators: name: Brown, Jacquelyn A.
name: Faley, Shannon L.
name: Yajuan Shi
name: Hillgren, Kathleen M.
name: Sawada, Geri A.
name: Baker, Thomas K.
name: Wikswo, John P.
name: Lippmann, Ethan S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Cell fidelity in the presence of LSN335984. The vascular chamber contains primary human BMECs and the brain chamber contains primary human astrocytes. No evidence of cell death was observed in either condition. Scale bars, 400 μm. Figure S2. Cell fidelity in the presence of cyclosporin A. The vascular chamber contains human iPSC-derived BMECs and the brain chamber contains primary human astrocytes. No evidence of cell death was observed in either condition. Scale bars, 400 μm. Figure S3. Immunofluorescent labeling of BMECs. Expression of claudin-5, ZO-1, and VE-cadherin in iPSC-derived BMECs (panels A–C) and primary BMECs (panels D–F). Figure S4. Influence of cortisol on drug transport across iPSC-derived BMECs cultured in Transwell filters. Permeability of loperamide, morphine, and oxycodone with and without cortisol treatment. Data represent mean ± S.E.M. from N = 3 biological replicates. Differences in transport were not statistically significance by student’s unpaired t-test (p > 0.05). Figure S5. Relative expression of ABCB1 in response to cortisol treatment in iPSC-derived BMECs cultured in well plates. ABCB1 expression is decreased by ~ 1.25-fold after 24 h of cortisol treatment. Data represent mean ± S.D. from biological triplicates. Statistical significance was calculated using the student’s unpaired t-test.
Nuclear Three-body Force Effect on a Kaon Condensate in Neutron Star Matter
Creators: name: Zuo, W.
name: Li, A.
name: Li, Z. H.
name: Lombardo, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the effects of a microscopic nuclear three-body force on the threshold baryon density for kaon condensation in chemical equilibrium neutron star matter and on the composition of the kaon condensed phase in the framework of the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach. Our results show that the nuclear three-body force affects strongly the high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy and consequently reduces considerably the critical density for kaon condensation provided that the proton strangeness content is not very large. The dependence of the threshold density on the symmetry energy becomes weaker as the proton strangeness content increases. The kaon condensed phase of neutron star matter turns out to be proton-rich instead of neutron-rich. The three-body force has an important influence on the composition of the kaon condensed phase. Inclusion of the three-body force contribution in the nuclear symmetry energy results in a significant reduction of the proton and kaon fractions in the kaon condensed phase which is more proton-rich in the case of no three-body force. Our results are compared to other theoretical predictions by adopting different models for the nuclear symmetry energy. The possible implications of our results for the neutron star structure are also briefly discussed.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
2009 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural Finance
Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Financial Economics
Livestock Production/Industries
Production Economics
Productivity Analysis

description: This report summarizes the financial and production records of 104 dairy farms from throughout Michigan in 2009. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The average herd reports here is larger than would be the average dairy herd in Michigan. Average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows but one should be aware that considerable variation across herds exists in virtually every measure.
Existential factors in therapeutic wilderness exposure
Creators: name: Ring, Mark
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The healing benefits of wilderness exposure have been documented for many decades. Wilderness therapy programs designed to take advantage of these benefits have been in existence for over a century and have been used with a number of at-risk populations Most of the published research into the healing effects of the wilderness has been quantitative in nature and generally focused on the measurement of constructs such as self-esteem/efficacy, locus of control, and social interactions or on the measurement of recidivism rates (either re-offending or relapsing). The majority of these reports indicate some positive effects of wilderness therapy on the constructs studied with the effects lasting for up to one year. The limited number of qualitative studies published, and the myriad informal case studies that abound suggest that there are some deeper healing processes involved that are the result of an interaction with "Nature" at a fundamental level. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to attempt to illuminate those deeper healing processes. Five individuals who felt that they had derived some therapeutic benefit from exposure to the wilderness were interviewed in depth about their experiences. The data from the interviews was analyzed using Karlsson's five step protocol for producing a phenomenological reduction. This process illuminated a variety of themes in each individual's experience and comparison of these themes indicated a number of shared themes. These were: Reduction in stimulation; Simplicity; Facing Mortality; and Connection to something larger than self/Spirituality. The later three shared themes can be equated with the existential issues of Responsibility, Death, and Meaning. The result of this study indicate that there are indeed deeper processes involved in the healing power of "Nature" than have been suggested in most of the research literature to date, that these processes are existential in nature and that being in wilderness environments can lead us to confrontation with, and resolution of, these issues. Application of this information to wilderness therapy programs could greatly improve their efficacy.