cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On Value Maximization and Alternative Objectives of the Firm
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Grossman, Sanford J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1977
Subjects: Economics

description: The recent literature on firm behavior has been characterized by two contrasting strands of analysis: on the one hand, there is the literature attempting to extend the conventional maxims of profit maximization of competitive firms from the familiar static models to dynamic contexts and into situations of uncertainty. These analyses argue that firms should maximize their stock market value and explore the implications of this for firm behavior. On the other hand, there is the vast and growing "managerial" literature, in which other objectives, such as "satisficing," "sales maximizing," and "maximization of the manager's utility functions" are postulated. The second group of analyses criticize the first as being unrealistic, while the first argues that it provides the best "first approximation" to firm behavior: if firms did not maximize their stock market value, or deviated far from value maximization, someone would attempt to take them over, change the course of action of the firm, and make a pure capital gain. This paper presents a unified framework for analyzing firm behavior which can be used to reconcile these divergent views.
Regulation of endothelial cell function by p. falciparum
Creators: name: Gillrie, Mark
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 201-244
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: Includes copy of ethics approval and copyright permissions. Original copies with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Plasmodiumfalciparum is a protozoan infection of human erythrocytes. Despite optimal therapy, mortality due to multi-organ failure in severe falciparum malaria remains high at 5 to 20%. Correlation of disease severity to multiple clinical markers of endothelial activation suggest a central role for endothelial cells in the pathophysiology of severe malaria. Detailed studies in models of other systemic infections, including bacterial sepsis, have highlighted the central role of endothelial cells in pathogen recognition, barrier function and proinflammatory signaling in determining organ failure and mortality. We hypothesized that in addition to providing points of attachment for sequestering infected red blood cells (IRBC), microvascular endothelial cells can directly recognize parasite products released by adherent IRBC at the time of schizogony through innate receptors. Using clinical P. falciparum isolates we showed that parasite sonicates but not intact IRBC disrupted primary human dermal and lung endothelial cell barrier function in a Src-family kinase-dependent manner. Increased endothelial permeability was characterized by redistribution of junctiona1 proteins Z0-1 and VE-cadherin away from sites of cell-cell contact. The active parasite component appeared to be a merozoite­associated protein. We further examined the ability of P. falciparum sonicates and merozoites to induce proinflammatory signaling and discovered production of broad proinflammatory responses including endothelial chemokines and adhesion molecules. We defined a critical role for Src-family kinase Lyn and downstream p38 MAPK in endothelial proinflammatory responses to P. falciparum sonicate using IL-8 protein production as a functional readout. Further characterization of the active component in P. falciparum sonicates and merozoites revealed parasite histones as an activator of both endothelial permeability and proinflamrnatory protein production. Both activities of histones were found to be dependent on the strong cationic charge of these proteins. Proinflammatory responses to P. falciparum histones were were partially dependent on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) cleaved parasite histones and abrogated the increases in endothelial permeability and IL-8 production. More importantly, levels of both parasite and human histones were markedly elevated in patients with severe malaria as compared to healthy controls, and patients with uncomplicated infection and bacterial sepsis. Together, these findings strongly suggest Src-family kinases and parasite histones as targets for adjunctive therapies in severe falciparum malaria.
Wavepacket Dynamics in Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
Creators: name: Moulieras, Simon
name: Monastra, Alejandro G.
name: Saraceno, Marcos
name: Leboeuf, Patricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent states play an important role in quantum mechanics because of their unique properties under time evolution. Here we explore this concept for one-dimensional repulsive nonlinear Schrödinger equations, which describe weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates or light propagation in a nonlinear medium. It is shown that the dynamics of phase-space translations of the ground state of a harmonic potential is quite simple: the centre follows a classical trajectory whereas its shape does not vary in time. The parabolic potential is the only one that satisfies this property. We study the time evolution of these nonlinear coherent states under perturbations of their shape, or of the confining potential. A rich variety of effects emerges. In particular, in the presence of anharmonicities, we observe that the packet splits into two distinct components. A fraction of the condensate is transferred towards uncoherent high-energy modes, while the amplitude of oscillation of the remaining coherent component is damped towards the bottom of the well.
Wahrheit und Pflicht: Kinder gegen Fake News.
Creators: name: Sarikakis Katharine
name: Gudkova Oleksandra
name: Alibegovic Senad
name: Giuncaioli Beatrice
name: Mausz Tabea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: “Fake News” oder "Falschnachricht” ist ein anderes Wort für “Desinformation”. Damit sind Informationen gemeint, die wahr erscheinen, aber falsch oder nicht ganz wahr sind. Aussagen können auch dann falsch bzw. Fake News sein, wenn sie sich auf reale Ereignisse beziehen.
 Fake News sollen wie echte Nachrichten aussehen: Sie sind so gestaltet, dass sie möglichst viel Aufmerksamkeit bei den LeserInnen erwecken, um mehr Klicks oder Likes zu bekommen. Die Ziele dieser Inhalten sind unterschiedlich: Manchmal geht es darum die Öffentlichkeit in die Irre zu führen, um ideologische oder wirtschaftliche Vorteile zu erzielen (Baptista & Gradim, 2022). Manchmal kommt es aber auch vor, dass Fake News aus fehlendem Verständnis einer Situation entstehen.
Superconductivity without Local Inversion Symmetry; Multi-layer Systems
Creators: name: Maruyama, Daisuke
name: Sigrist, Manfred
name: Yanase, Youichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While multi-layer systems can possess global inversion centers, they can have regions with locally broken inversion symmetry. This can modify the superconducting properties of such a system. Here we analyze two dimensional multi-layer systems yielding spatially modulated antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling (ASOC) and discuss superconductivity with mixed parity order parameters. In particular, the influence of ASOC on the spin susceptibility is investigated at zero temperature. For weak inter-layer coupling we find an enhanced spin susceptibility induced by ASOC, which hints the potential importance of this aspect for superconducting phase in specially structured superlattices.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT26)
Agent-based cooperative heterogeneous data mining
Creators: name: Gao, Jie
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 126-135
description: This thesis presents an agent-based cooperative data mining model named CoLe2. CoLe2 is targeted at performing data mining on large, heterogeneous data sets. It employs multiple different types of data mining algorithms, enables cooperations among these algorithms, and produces combined results in the form of rules. CoLe7- is a multi-agent system with three types of agents that have the different roles of running data mining algorithms, performing combination of mining results, and driving the entire CoLe2 system work flow with knowledge-based strategies, respectively. The system has a work flow with two levels of loops. The outer loop performs data selection, mining algorithm selection and expectation adjustment strategies. The inner loop per­forms data mining execution and result combination, with additional knowledge-based strategies implemented in the agents. The agents exchange useful information during the running of the work flow to help each other. A prototype system of the CoLe2 model is described. This prototype contains four different data mining algorithms (a classification algorithm, a sequence mining algorithm, an association rules mining algorithm and a descriptive mining algorithm), two combina­tion strategies and instantiations of the knowledge-based strategies. The strategies instan­tiations include data selection based on a clustering algorithm, an asynchronous work flow for better turnaround time, relevance factor calculation, fuzzy condition matching, prediction histogram based rule similarity and rule grouping. Experiments have been performed with two data sets - a medium-sized data set of billing data from Calgary Health Region, and a large data set from the Alberta Kidney Disease Network. The experimental results show advantages of Cole? over individual data mining algorithms in terms of efficiency and result quality, as well as advantages over the CoLe model with only one level of work flow. Specialized experiments also prove the effectiveness of individual knowledge-based strategies.
title: "Ahead of the Curve": Potential Vulnerabilities in Medical Imaging Devices
Creators: name: Kirsner, Andrew
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Education and training
subject: Equipment
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Computer applications
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Imaging Informatics

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review cybersecurity vulnerabilities of medical imaging devices. To introduce methods to protect against...
Prototype design and temperature uniformity on loop-mediated isothermal amplification temperature control system
Creators: name: Cao, Rui
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 87-91
description: Many pages are in colour.
description: Malaria diagnostics needs to be rapid, accurate and cost effective to ensure proper treatment is received. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) DNA amplification method has these characteristics. This nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) can identify parasite genus and species accurately and even detect drug resistance. Compared to conventional microscopy, which is the main tool used for detection and identification in the field, the LAMP method has significantly higher sensitivity and specificity. However, the problem with LAMP is the cost of the reagents, and the cost and operation of the equipment to run (heating blocks/thermal cyders) and reliably read out the assays (spectrophotometers). This dissertation discusses about low-cost prototype design of heating block and temperature uniformity control. For the prototype design, Chapter IV introduces the constituents of hardware system first and then introduces the design of heating and cooling system based on Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) and finally introduces two assistant departments-heated lid and fan briefly. For the research on heating block temperature uniformity, Chapter V includes establishing the finite element simulation model of the sample block to obtain the temperature field. From the result of the simulation, the exiting model already has good temperature uniformity. Further work would include testing the model experimentally. Finally, Chapter VI includes research on marketing analysis for our device in developing countries.
title: Менеджмент
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Южно-Уральский технологический университет
Year: 2024

description: В практикуме «Менеджмент» материал рассматривается в соответствии с рабочей программой дисциплины и представлены ситуационные задачи, кейсы и тесты. Практикум по менеджменту предназначен для студентов очной, очно-заочной формы обучения, обучающихся по экономическому направлению подготовки.
A haunted landscape: staging the invisible in 'Ernestine Shuswap gets her trout'
Creators: name: Zess-Funk, Lindsey
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 62-64
description: A few pages are in colour.
description: This artist's statement explores the creative and analytical processes that supported my thesis peoduction of Ernestine Shuswap Gets Her Trout by Tomson Highway at the University of Calgary. The production ran from November 29th to December 101\ 2011. The first chapter contextualizes the production as part of my personal journey of artistic identity. The second chapter is a literary analysis of the play within the framework of Highway's body of writing. The third chapter focuses on key staging concerns and the research that supported eventual solutions. The fourth chapter explores collaborative aspects of the process, detailing production methods employed through rehearsal and into performance. The final chapter examines the outcomes of established goals and reflects on the final production.
Chiral Reductions in the Salam-Sezgin Model
Creators: name: Pope, C. N.
name: Pugh, T. G.
name: Stelle, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reductions from six to four spacetime dimensions are considered for a class of supergravity models based on the six-dimensional Salam-Sezgin model, which is a chiral theory with a gauged U(1) R-symmetry and a positive scalar-field potential. Reduction on a sphere and monopole background of such models naturally yields four-dimensional theories without a cosmological constant. The question of chirality preservation in such a reduction has been a topic of debate. In this article, it is shown that the possibilities of dimensional reduction bifurcate into two separate consistent dimensional-reduction schemes. One of these retains the massless SU(2) vector gauge triplet arising from the sphere's isometries, but it produces a non-chiral four-dimensional theory. The other consistent scheme sets to zero the SU(2) gauge fields, but retains the gauged U(1) from six dimensions and preserves chirality although the U(1) is spontaneously broken. Extensions of the Salam-Sezgin model to include larger gauge symmetries produce genuinely chiral models with unbroken gauge symmetries.
description: 37 pages
Immense Riches of the Birds World
Creators: name: Garg, Rishabh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Aves, Birds, Fluff, Feather, Flight

description: Birds constitute an exclusive assemblage of highly specialized vertebrates, typified by fluff, feather and flight. They descended down from their reptilian ancestors some 140 million years ago and their earliest known ancestor was Archaeopteryx. Then a rapid evolution followed and as of now 8,498 species of birds, scattered over 23 orders, with bizarre sizes, shapes, vibrant hues and acoustic varieties, live around the world The current monograph boasts of a panoramic view of birds way of life. Bird's life, dazzling silhouettes, superb nesting and territorial behaviour constitutes a distinct class.
DAVLAT MOLIYAVIY NAZORATINING SHAKLLARI, TURLARI VA USULLARI
Creators: name: Ochilova, Zilola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Hozirgi vaqtda O'zbekiston Respublikasida amalga oshirilayotgan keng ko'lamli islohotlar moliyaviy nazorat organlari faoliyatini ham takomillashtirishni taqozo etmoqda. Davlat boshqaruvi va moliyaviy tizimining samarali nazorati bir-biri bilan chambarchas bog'liqdir. Moliyaviy nazorat davlatning iqtisodiy ko'rsatgichlarini o'sishida muhim o'ringa ega hisoblanadi. Moliyaviy nazoratni samarali tashkil etish va ko'zlangan maqsadga erishish uchun nazorat ostiga olingan moliyaviy nazorat obyektiga mos bo'lgan moliyaviy nazoratning shakllaridan, usullaridan va turlaridan foydalanish lozim.
La non-utilisation de la technologie énergétique en milieu rural au Niger
Creators: name: MAMOUDOU YOUNOUSSA Daouda
name: MOUSTAPHA Aliou Ridda
name: NASSIR WARZAGANE Ibrahim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: L'objectif de cette recherche est d'étudier les facteurs qui influencent la non-utilisation du combustible gaz en milieu rural. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons élaboré un guide d'entretien adressé à 10 ménages et un questionnaire à l'intention de 270 personnes. Les résultats montrent que les conditions défavorables, la non-perception d'utilité et le risque perçu influencent positivement la non-utilisation du combustible gaz. Par contre, l'incompatibilité perçue n'exerce aucune influence sur la non-utilisation du gaz.
Extra-galactic and survey science with the submillimeter common user bolometer array-2
Creators: name: MacKenzie, Todd
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: We have carried out a pilot study for the SCUBA-2 'All-Sky' Survey, SASSy, a wide and shallow mapping project at 850 μm, designed to find rare objects, both Galactic and extragalactic. Two distinct sets of exploratory observations were undertaken, and used to test the SASSy approach and data reduction pipeline.  The first was a 0.5° x 0.5° map around the nearby galaxy NGC 2559.  The galaxy was easily detected at 156 mJy, but no other convincing sources are present in the map.  Comparison with other galaxies with similar wavelength coverage indicates that NGC 2559 has relatively warm dust.  The second observations cover 1 deg² around the W5-E Hɪɪ region. As well as diffuse structure in the map, a filtering approach was able to extract 27 compact sources with signal-to-noise greater than 6.  By matching with data at other wavelengths we can see that the SCUBA-2 data can be used to discriminate the colder cores.  Together these observations show that the SASSy project will be able to meet its original goals of detecting new bright sources which will be ideal for follow-up observations with other facilities. We have also carried out a study of MS 0451-03, a massive galaxy cluster at z=0.5, strongly lensing a group of galaxies at z=3.  Imaging with SCUBA, and more recently with SCUBA-2, shows a prominent arc of submm emission, but lacks the resolution to break up this lensed structure into individual sources.  ALMA, even in Early Science mode, has the ability to finally resolve the giant submm arc.  A lensing reconstruction will allow us to relate the submm sources to lensed objects detected in other wavebands.  The cluster-scale lensing and the extent of the galaxy group make this a relatively simple system to investigate. Lessons learned here could help us understand the effects of differential lensing on the spectral energy distribution in more complicated galaxy-scale lens systems.
Comparison of the C4.5 and a Naive Bayes Classifier for the Prediction of Lung Cancer Survivability
Creators: name: Dimitoglou, George
name: Adams, James A.
name: Jim, Carol M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Numerous data mining techniques have been developed to extract information and identify patterns and predict trends from large data sets. In this study, two classification techniques, the J48 implementation of the C4.5 algorithm and a Naive Bayes classifier are applied to predict lung cancer survivability from an extensive data set with fifteen years of patient records. The purpose of the project is to verify the predictive effectiveness of the two techniques on real, historical data. Besides the performance outcome that renders J48 marginally better than the Naive Bayes technique, there is a detailed description of the data and the required pre-processing activities. The performance results confirm expectations while some of the issues that appeared during experimentation, underscore the value of having domain-specific understanding to leverage any domain-specific characteristics inherent in the data.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 9 tables
Additional file 7 of Study on the transcriptome for breast muscle of chickens and the function of key gene RAC2 on fibroblasts proliferation
Creators: name: Zhang, Genxi
name: Wu, Pengfei
name: Zhou, Kaizhi
name: He, Mingliang
name: Zhang, Xinchao
name: Qiu, Cong
name: Li, Tingting
name: Zhang, Tao
name: Xie, Kaizhou
name: Dai, Guojun
name: Wang, Jinyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Table S4. The results of quality control for RNA-seq.
Effects of a primordial magnetic field with log-normal distribution on the cosmic microwave background
Creators: name: Yamazaki, Dai G.
name: Ichiki, Kiyotomo
name: Takahashi, Keitaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We assume the spectrum of PMFs is described by log-normal distribution which has a characteristic scale, rather than power-law spectrum. This scale is expected to reflect the generation mechanisms and our analysis is complementary to previous studies with power-law spectrum. We calculate power spectra of energy density and Lorentz force of the log-normal PMFs, and then calculate CMB temperature and polarization angular power spectra from scalar, vector, and tensor modes of perturbations generated from such PMFs. By comparing these spectra with WMAP7, QUaD, CBI, Boomerang, and ACBAR data sets, we find that the current CMB data set places the strongest constraint at $k\simeq 10^{-2.5}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ with the upper limit $B\lesssim 3$ nG.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
title: Finding balance when dealing with allegations
title: Finding the right balance of speed, transparency and due process when dealing with misconduct allegations
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bradford, Monica
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: online data
scrutiny
suspicious data
risk factors

description: Presented at the Retractions conference: keeping the pool clean: prevention and management of misconduct related retractions held on July 20-21, 2016 at Hilton Fort Collins in Fort Collins, Colorado.
description: Monica Bradford is the Executive Editor of the international journal Science, published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In this position she oversees the peer-review and selection of manuscripts; and the copyediting and proofreading process; and the design, production and manufacture for three journals: Science, Science Signaling, and Science Translational Medicine. Over the last fifteen years, Monica has been heavily involved in the development of Science's web and new media offerings. Prior to joining the staff of Science in 1989, Monica worked for the Publications Division of the American Chemical Society for nine years. She holds a bachelor's degree in chemistry from St. Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana, and has done graduate work in management at the University of Maryland. Monica was a Director and President of the Council of Science Editors, served as Vice-Chair of the Scientific Publishing Board of the American Heart Association, and is a member of the Society for Scholarly Publishing. She resides in Silver Spring, Maryland, with her husband.
description: PowerPoint presentation given on Day 2: Thursday, July 21st, 2016.
Phase Structure of the Topological Anderson Insulator
Creators: name: Xu, Dongwei
name: Qi, Junjie
name: Liu, Jie
name: Sacksteder, Vincent
name: Xie, X. C.
name: Jiang, Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the disordered topological Anderson insulator in a 2-D (square not strip) geometry. We first report the phase diagram of finite systems and then study the evolution of phase boundaries when the system size is increased to a very large $1120 \times 1120$ area. We establish that conductance quantization can occur without a bulk band gap, and that there are two distinct scaling regions with quantized conductance: TAI-I with a bulk band gap, and TAI-II with localized bulk states. We show that there is no intervening insulating phase between the bulk conduction phase and the TAI-I and TAI-II scaling regions, and that there is no metallic phase at the transition between the quantized and insulating phases. Centered near the quantized-insulating transition there are very broad peaks in the eigenstate size and fractal dimension $d_2$; in a large portion of the conductance plateau eigenstates grow when the disorder strength is increased. The fractal dimension at the peak maximum is $d_2 \approx 1.5$. Effective medium theory (CPA, SCBA) predicts well the boundaries and interior of the gapped TAI-I scaling region, but fails to predict all boundaries save one of the ungapped TAI-II scaling region. We report conductance distributions near several phase transitions and compare them with critical conductance distributions for well-known models.
description: Minor changes only in this version
OPTIMIZING PLANTING DEPTH AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION FOR EMERGENCE PERCENTAGE, VIGOR SCORE, AND YIELD OF POTATO PLANTS
Creators: name: HARREM KHALID
name: MUZZAMMAL AHMED MUZZAFAR
name: MUHAMMAD MUJTABA
name: MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ
name: MUHAMMAD RIZWAN TARIQ
name: QURBAN ALI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Potato, Tuber, Emergence, Vigor, Yield, Foliar Application, ZnSO4, FeSO4, Planting Depth, 10cm.

description: Abstract
A field experiment was conducted over two consecutive seasons, 2019-20 (first phase) and 2020-21 (second phase) in Kasur and Lahore region. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of different planting depth (8cm, 10cm and 12cm) and three foliar sprays containing ZnSO4 (179.7 g, 119.8 g and 59.9g) FeSO4 (5.3 g, 10.6g and 15.9 g) on six potato varieties (Chipsona, Kuroda, Asterix, Sante, Sarpomira and Mosika). The research was carried out in split-split block design with three replications. The main plots were designated for foliar application, the sub plots were designated for maintaining depth level, and sub-sub plot were designated for arranging potato varieties to investigate their interaction on emergence rate, seedling vigor and yield per plant. The results obtained from the study demonstrate a significant impact of 10cm depth on emergence percentage and plant vigor score. Foliar application of ZnSO4+FeSO4 (59.9g+15.9g) at 10cm planting depth can be optimized for good tuber yield for all investigated varieties. Among all varieties Chipsona exhibited superior results following by Mosika, Kuroda, Sante and Sarpomira, while Asterix exhibited least results.
Symposium on Economics of Information: Introduction
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1977
Subjects: Economics

description: Most of the papers in this symposium were presented at a conference on the economics of information held at Stanford in April 1975, under the auspices of the National Science Foundation--National Bureau of Economic Research (four of the papers, those by Heal, Salop, Spence and Stiglitz, had been submitted to the Review earlier, but because of the similarity of topic, are published with the conference papers). The papers, though all related to the problems arising from costly information, are diverse both with respect to the question addressed, the techniques of analysis employed and the particular markets investigated. A basic theme running through most of the papers is that imperfect information alters, in a fundamental way, the conventional notion of a market, with buyers and sellers coming together to trade; in a full information equilibrium there is a single price, markets clear and all individuals and firms view themselves as price takers. The price charged is independent of the quantity purchased. Although the notion of the market-place is often thought of as an idealization, even when there is not a single market-place at which all transactions occur, the economy behaves as if there were a single market-place; this will be true so long as there are some arbitrageurs to make sure that the "law of single price" prevails. Finally, conventional theory has shown that under fairly weak conditions such a competitive equilibrium exists and is Pareto Optimal. Recent developments in the economics of information, including the papers presented here, have shown that ail of these statements are questionable. In the papers presented here, there is not a single price in equilibrium; firms do not act as price takers; prices do more than just clear markets--they convey information; prices charged may depend on the quantity purchased; competitive equilibrium may not exist and may not be Pareto Optimal. The basic character of how we ought to view the competitive economy is altered if we take seriously imperfections of information.
E-learning and use of computer in forensic field
Creators: name: Zamosteanu, Alina Oana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the Romanian penitentiary establishments and those of other European countries one talks about the formal and informal education. Since the correspondence education system, important steps have been made towards the e-learning didactics which are reflected by the modern teaching methods (through ICT) used even by the penitentiary system. The Moodle platform, the web site with certain specific, and the forum represent the means used as an interface between the educator and the student, their benefits being clearly demonstrated.
description: 8 pages
title: Utility of clinical 1.5T MR scanner to differentiate pathological placental implantation
Creators: name: Hanzlikova, Pavla
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Randomised controlled trial
subject: Not applicable
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Obstetrics
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Genitourinary

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Our educational poster aims to demonstrate the ability of the 1.5T MR scanner to detect and comprehensively describe placental pathologies, where the placenta infiltrates deeper layers of the uterine wall or the surrounding...
Neighbourhoods, dogs and walking: an exploration of factors relevant to healthy aging in place
Creators: name: Toohey, Ann Madeline
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 121-138
description: The aims of this thesis were to: 1) understand factors related to healthy aging of older adults living in urban environments (i.e., aging in place); and 2) contribute to the evidence-informed case for viewing dogs as contributing to neighbourhoods in ways that may influence healthy aging in place. A scoping review of diverse literatures suggested that dogs may increase physical activity for both dog-owners and non-owners, but that dogs will not have a standard effect across all neighbourhoods. An analysis of data for a sample of older adults (250 yrs) living in Calgary, Canada, found that the dog-owners who frequently walked dogs (24 times/wk) reported more neighbourhood-based recreational walking and high sense of community relative to non-owners. Interventions promoting dog-walking in neighbourhoods, while supporting the specific walking needs of older adults, may help support healthy aging in place.
Additional file 1 of Discovery of a dual inhibitor of NQO1 and GSTP1 for treating glioblastoma
Creators: name: Lei, Kecheng
name: Gu, Xiaoxia
name: Alvarado, Alvaro G.
name: Du, Yuhong
name: Luo, Shilin
name: Ahn, Eun Hee
name: Kang, Seong Su
name: Ji, Bing
name: Liu, Xia
name: Mao, Hui
name: Fu, Haian
name: Kornblum, Harley I.
name: Jin, Lingjing
name: Li, Hua
name: Ye, Keqiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1, related to Fig. 1, presents SAR analysis of the anti-proliferative effects of the MNPC derivatives. Figure S2, related to Fig. 2, presents MNPC dose-dependently blocks primary GBM sphere formation capacity and FDA-approved NTZ and TIZ exhibit selective inhibition against U87MG/EGFRvIII cells. Figure S3, related to Fig. 3, presents MNPC displays no inhibition against cell proliferation in normal cells and invasion or AEP enzyme in U87MG EGFRvIIII cells. Figure S4, related to Fig. 4, additionally shows that NQO1 and GSTP1 selectively mediate U87MG/EGFRvIII but not U87MG cell proliferation and oxidative stress. Figures S5 and Fig. S6 show that NQO1 and GSTP1 are highly positively correlated in GBM. Figure S7, related to Figs. 6 and 7, presents NQO1 and GSTP1 overexpression in U87MG cells and does not affect the parental U87MG proliferation. Figure S8, related to Fig. 8, presents MNPC suppresses tumor growth of U87MG/EGFRvIII cells and elongates the nude mouse life span. Table S1 provides information on binding affinities and inhibitory effects of MNPC with GSTP1 and its mutants. Table S2 presents crystallographic data and refinement statistics. Table S3 provides the primers used for mutagenesis. (PDF 3953 kb)
POVERTY AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC CATEGORY
Creators: name: Suyarov, Zokirjon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Poverty is considered the most pressing of all social problems, focusing almost the entire gamut of sociological concepts and categories; it cannot be described without passing through the concepts of economic status and income, social inequality and stratification, distribution of national wealth and living standards of the population, culture and subculture of large social groups , lifestyle and deprivation, life needs and the consumer basket, socialization of the poor and many others.
Search for supersymmetry with jets, missing transverse momentum and at least one hadronically decaying tau lepton in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for production of supersymmetric particles in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum, and at least one hadronically decaying tau lepton is presented. The data were recorded by the ATLAS experiment in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation was observed in 2.05 fb-1 of data. The results are interpreted in the context of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking models with Mmess = 250 TeV, N5 = 3, mu > 0, and Cgrav = 1. The production of supersymmetric particles is excluded at 95% C.L. up to a supersymmetry breaking scale Lambda = 30 Tev, independent of tan(beta), and up to Lambda = 43 TeV for large tan(beta).
description: 7 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 3 figures, 3 tables, revised author list, matches published PLB version
title: Spectrum of Male and Female Urethral pathologies in MRI
Creators: name: Gomez, Juan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: Pelvis
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Anatomy
subject: Genitourinary
subject: Diverticula
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: -Recognize variety of pathological conditions of the urethra at MRI -Discuss advantages and disadvantages of the MR Imaging of the urethra -Describe Imaging techniques for evaluation of...
The experimental measurement of diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in heavy oil
Creators: name: Song, Lei
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 99-108
description: Many pages are in colour.
description: The purpose of this research is to study the diffusion process of carbon dioxide into heavy oil, and evaluate diffusion coefficients under reservoir conditions. X-ray Computed Assisted Tomography (CAT) is used as the tool to monitor the diffusion process, and the Non-iterative Finite Volume method is employed to calculate diffusion coefficients. Density profiles as a function of diffusion time and distance were obtained from analyzing X-ray CAT images, and were used as initial data for the Non-iterative Finite Volume method to calculate the concentration and diffusion coefficients. The results indicate that diffusion time and distance affect on the concentration and the diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in heavy oil. Moreover, there is a strong dependency of the diffusion coefficient on the concentration of carbon dioxide. The effect of pressure, temperature and oil viscosity on the diffusion coefficient was investigated. The results show consistence with those reported in the literature for similar gas-heavy oil systems. It is illustrated that X-ray Computed Assisted Tomography and the Non-iterative Finite Volume method were successfully applied to study the diffusivity of carbon dioxide in heavy oil. It is expected that results from this study will be applied in further understanding of carbon dioxide based enhanced recovery processes for heavy oil reservoirs.
The Demand for Education in Public and Private School Systems
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1974
Subjects: Economics

description: Considers the demand for education under various institutional arrangements such as public and private school systems. Properties of education which make the analysis of the demand for it interesting and complex; Availability of education in the United States; Education in its conventional aspects as a consumption good; Role of education in providing information about individuals' characteristics.
Molecular Farming : Human Vaccine in Tomato Purie
Creators: name: Garg, Rishabh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Genetically modified crops, Molecular products, Plant vaccines

description: Researchers from the Universidad Catolica in Santiago, Chile have taken genetic sequences of cholera & hepatitis virus and put together into tomato plants. The host plant then produced key proteins of both the pathogens, in the same way, as they do in conventionally created vaccines using cell cultures from animals or microbes. The tomato derived vaccine, so obtained, could easily be stored in the seeds of tomatoes themselves. However, the threats of cross-pollination and food crop contamination cannot be overlooked. There may well be a possibility that the pharma-plant, containing vaccine, is fortuitously consumed by an animal, which may cause desensitization inside its gastro-enteric tract. Or the active substance could enter the groundwater and lead to harmful effects. The author recommends that such risks must be addressed, without more ado, by using non-food plants like moss, tobacco etc. or by growing plant cell-cultures in a contained environment.
Discrete approximation of dynamic phase-field fracture in visco-elastic materials
Creators: name: Thomas, Marita
name: Tornquist, Sven
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Visco-elastodynamic damage
subject: Ambrosio-Tortorelli model for phase-field fracture
subject: viscous evolution
subject: rate-independent limit
subject: temporal regularity of solutions
subject: 74H10
subject: 74H20
subject: 74H30
subject: 35M86
subject: 35Q74

description: This contribution deals with the analysis of models for phase-field fracture in visco-elastic materials with dynamic effects. The evolution of damage is handled in two different ways: As a viscous evolution with a quadratic dissipation potential and as a rate-independent law with a positively 1-homogeneous dissipation potential. Both evolution laws encode a non-smooth constraint that ensures the unidirectionality of damage, so that the material cannot heal. Suitable notions of solutions are introduced in both settings. Existence of solutions is obtained using a discrete approximation scheme both in space and time. Based on the convexity properties of the energy functional and on the regularity of the displacements thanks to their viscous evolution, also improved regularity results with respect to time are obtained for the internal variable: It is shown that the damage variable is continuous in time with values in the state space that guarantees finite values of the energy functional.
The Theory of Screening, Education, and the Distribution of Income
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1975
Subjects: Economics

description: One of the most important kinds of information concerns the qualities of a factor or a commodity. One knows that there are important differences among individuals, among bonds, among equities, and among brands of automobiles. The identification of these qualities one call screening, and devices that sort the commodities according to their qualities are call, screening devices. This paper focuses on the labeling of individuals, on the economic costs and benefits of labeling, the institutions that provide it, and the determination of the equilibrium amount of screening under various institutional arrangements. The educational sector provides an important point of comparison between the two allocation processes. If, education provides information as well as skills, then it is providing a "commodity" for which it is well known that the market "fails"; author has shown how social returns differ from private returns and have examined in detail the market allocation of resources to education as well as the structure of the educational system which would emerge from a simplified political process in a highly idealized setting.
title: Monochorionic twin gestation: A tangled tale
Creators: name: Prakash, Aparna
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Congenital
subject: Intrauterine diagnosis
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: Genitourinary

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: -To review current recommendations in the monitoring and management of monochorionic pregnancies -To review complications unique to monochorionic gestation and their recommended...
Electrochemical behavior study towards demetallization and selective separation of vanadyl oxide tetraphenyl porphyrin from heavy oil
Creators: name: Ouled Ameur, Zied
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 85-91
description: Vanadium is one of the most troublesome heavy metals present in the asphaltenic portion of oil sands deposits, mainly in the form of metalloporphyrins. These metal complexes can easily lead to the deactivation of desulfurization and cracking catalysts during the hydrotreatment and hydrocracking refining processes as well as the emission of vanadium pentoxide during combustion in stacks downstream. The problem is more pronounced for the Alberta heavy oil and oil sands producers, since bitumen contains much higher concentrations of vanadium than conventional crude. The first part of the thesis explores a way of improving the electrochemical redox reactions by introducing dispersed nickel nanoparticles. The electrochemical behavior of the well know probe potassium ferricyanide (PFC) is monitored in aqueous and (w/o) microemulsion systems. The electrochemical behavior of PFC in aqueous solutions is well documented in the literature, while (w/o) microemulsion systems are good heavy oil model solutions. Observations and interpretations made on the PFC behavior are extended to the study of the removal of a model vanadyl compound, vanadyl oxide tetraphenyl porphyrin (VOTPP), from heavy oil model systems. In presence of dichloromethane and tetrabuhtylammonium perchlorate as a supporting electrolyte the cyclic voltammetry shows that VOTPP behaves quasi-reversibly. In heavy oil model solutiontype dichloromethane/HepTol, on the other hand, the cyclic voltammograms show an irreversible behavior as confirmed by the Randles-Sevcik plots. The second part of the thesis investigates, in details; an observation made during electrochemical demetallization of VOTPP, and led to selective removal of VOTPP from heavy oil in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and methanol by salting-out as a result of stepwise addition of 1.0 M NaCl aqueous solution.
Anomalous ring-down effects and breakdown of the decay rate concept in optical cavities with negative group delay
Creators: name: Lauprêtre, T.
name: Schwartz, S.
name: Ghosh, R.
name: Carusotto, I.
name: Goldfarb, F.
name: Bretenaker, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propagation of light pulses through negative group velocity media is known to give rise to a number of paradoxical situations that seem to violate causality. The solution of these paradoxes has triggered the investigation of a number of interesting and unexpected features of light propagation. Here we report a combined theoretical and experimental study of the ring-down oscillations in optical cavities filled with a medium with such a strongly negative frequency dispersion to give a negative round-trip group delay time. We theoretically anticipate that causality imposes the existence of additional resonance peaks in the cavity transmission, resulting in a non-exponential decay of the cavity field and in a breakdown of the cavity decay rate concept. Our predictions are validated by simulations and by an experiment using a room-temperature gas of metastable helium atoms in the detuned electromagnetically induced transparency regime as the cavity medium.