GeoContext: A social and political context for geoscience education
Creators: name: Pico, Tamara
name: Chen, Christine
name: Lau, Harriet C.P.
name: Olinger, Seth
name: Wiggins, John Wesley
name: Austermann, Jacky
name: Hughes, Ery
name: Brayton, Casey
name: Borreggine, Marisa
name: Jasper, Claire
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology
subject: 40601 Geomorphology and Regolith and Landscape Evolution
subject: Geophysics
subject: 40602 Glaciology
subject: Oceanography
subject: 40607 Surface Processes
subject: 40313 Tectonics

description: <b>INTRODUCTION</b>Creating a diverse new generation of geoscientists begins at the training stage. In undergraduate courses, early geoscientists are often glorified and discussed in terms of intellectual achievements, strong personalities, or heated debates. Nevertheless, the social and political backdrop for these scientists was complicated: the development of geology as a discipline is intertwined with the history of imperialism, colonialism, and Westward Expansion in the United States. Such topics are rarely discussed in current geoscience courses, and continuing to train the next generation of geoscientists without regard to this history perpetuates the same practices of exclusion. This is particularly important as co-production — developing knowledge and science together with local communities — is increasingly gaining attention and recognition today. Now, more than ever, there is a real need for historical literacy to be an integral part of STEM curriculum and training.Here we present a resource to assist educators in integrating topics on racism, colonialism, imperialism, environmental damage, and exploitation of natural resources into subjects commonly taught within geoscience departments. This resource consists of modular lecture slides with accompanying lecture notes, suggested discussion questions, and further reading to promote in-class engagement. This resource is freely available and geared towards flexibility so that rather than being a standalone course, it allows educators to pick and choose content for incorporation into their existing lectures. Topics available include plate tectonics, geomorphology, glaciology, and volcanology. For each topic, we discuss the imperialist nature of the sciences in the 19th and 20th century and link it to social inequalities today, with a particular focus on the overlooked contributions of early geology to scientific racism.Ultimately, we hope this work ignites energy towards a reimagined curriculum in the Earth sciences. This curriculum incorporates a social context for the geosciences, past and present, in order to provide a holistic base of knowledge that empowers students to recognize and navigate existing structures of oppression within geoscience and society at large.<b><br></b><b>TEACHING PHILOSOPHY</b>Through storytelling, our aim is to illustrate how geoscience is implicated in colonial and imperialist projects. The teaching approach that drove the creation of these modules is informed by feminist philosophy of science and critical race theory. In the material presented, we attempt to decenter the dominant narrative about the history of geoscience, and geoscience practices, past and present. Feminist standpoint theory posits that knowledge is socially situated (Haraway 1988). In contrast to a “scientific objectivity” that is assumed to be value-neutral, “strong objectivity” requires us to understand the practice of science in a social context, where the political, economic, and social values of the scientific community control the entire scientific process (Harding 1992).We outline our teaching philosophy further in the a PDF contained in this repository.<br><b>TEACHING MODULES</b><br>This repository contains six modules. Each module consists of two documents: a set of Microsoft Powerpoint slides (.pptx) and a teaching companion guide (.pdf).<br><br>The six modules cover the following topics:<br>• Oceanography and the Slave Trade<br>• Landscapes and Scientific Racism<br>• Isostasy and Colonialism<br>• Meteorites and Museum Legacies<br>• Glaciology, Race, and Masculinity<br>• Land Grab Universities<br><br><b>AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS</b><br>GeoContext began as a conversation on #ShutDownSTEM Day (June 10, 2020) to #strike4BlackLives. All authors were involved in the conceptualization of GeoContext and its overarching goals, methods, and design. TP, CYC, HCPL, SO, and JWW created teaching modules which were reviewed and discussed by all authors. SO designed the GeoContext logo. <br><br><b>WEBSITE</b>For more information, updates, and contact information, please visit our website at https://geo-context.github.io/.