cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exploring the potential of email as a method of consultation in English general practice
Creators: name: Atherton, Helen Carina
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Background Email is a popular and commonly used method of communication, though not widely used in the healthcare setting. In England, policy has pushed for the introduction of email as a method of consultation in general practice. However, there is very little evidence available on its use in England and professional bodies have taken a neutral or negative stance to its use. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for email as a method of consultation in English general practice, and describe the key factors that may influence its normalisation. Methods A mixed methods approach was used. A systematic review was carried out to identify the extent of the experimental evidence base. An interview study was carried out with patient and professional (GPs, practice managers) participants who had used email for consultation, to establish their experiences and opinions, and to identify barriers and facilitators to its use. Normalisation process theory was used in interpreting the interview study results, so that the factors influencing normalisation might be identified. Results The review found that the existing evidence base for email consultation is poor and as such it is not possible to draw conclusions as to the effect of email as an intervention. The interview study identified that email consultation largely arose as a result of patient demand, and it brought advantages for both groups. However there were problems associated with it and these related largely to the uncertainties surrounding its use. Conclusions Email consultation is not a normalised method of consultation in English general practice despite the positive factors that patients and professionals associate with its use. It lacks a regulatory framework, which makes it difficult to use. Formal guidance on how to approach its use is required, along with methodologically rigorous research upon which policymakers and practitioners can base their decision making.
An Ordered Line Integral Method for Computing the Quasi-potential in the case of Variable Anisotropic Diffusion
Creators: name: Dahiya, Daisy
name: Cameron, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65L10

description: Nongradient stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with position-dependent and anisotropic diffusion are often used in biological modeling. The quasi-potential is a crucial function in the Large Deviation Theory that allows one to estimate transition rates between attractors of the corresponding ordinary differential equation and find the maximum likelihood transition paths. Unfortunately, the quasi-potential can rarely be found analytically. It is defined as the solution to a certain action minimization problem. In this work, the recently introduced Ordered Line Integral Method (OLIM) is extended for computing the quasi-potential for 2D SDEs with anisotropic and position-dependent diffusion scaled by a small parameter on a regular rectangular mesh. The presented solver employs the dynamical programming principle. At each step, a local action minimization problem is solved using straight line path segments and the midpoint quadrature rule. The solver is tested on two examples where analytic formulas for the quasi-potential are available. The dependence of the computational error on the mesh size, the update factor K (a key parameter of OLIMs), as well as the degree and the orientation of anisotropy is established. The effect of anisotropy on the quasi-potential and the maximum likelihood paths is demonstrated on the Maier-Stein model. The proposed solver is applied to find the quasi-potential and the maximum likelihood transition paths in a model of the genetic switch in Lambda Phage between the lysogenic state where the phage reproduces inside the infected cell without killing it, and the lytic state where the phage destroys the infected cell.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Clinical Trials of Cancer-related Pain: Translational research linking genetic variation to pain experience and response to oral opioids
Creators: name: Branford, Ruth Alison
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Cancer-related pain is a major clinical problem. The World Health Organisation recommends morphine first-line for moderate to severe cancer-related pain, however several other strong opioids are available. There is wide inter-individual variation in morphine response, in terms of analgesic efficacy and side effects. Switching to an alternative opioid such as oxycodone has become common clinical practice to improve outcomes. There has been growing interest in potential genetic factors behind such differences in clinical response. This thesis aimed to compare the overall response rates of morphine and oxycodone, explore the effects of opioid switching in non-responders, and to redefine opioid response phenotypes to allow predictive modelling. Data from two opioid response studies is presented: the first a prospective observational study of morphine in cancer-related pain (n=298), the second a large open-label randomised controlled trial of oral morphine versus oral oxycodone in cancer-related pain (n=200). Single nucleotide polymorphisms from 15 candidate genes were tested using sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to mathematically define opioid response phenotypes. Multivariate regression analysis of Component scores was used to build predictive models from genetic and clinical variables. There was no difference between the response rates of oral morphine and oral oxycodone when used first-line in cancer-related pain. Analgesia and adverse reaction profiles were similar. Switching from morphine to oxycodone and vice versa improved outcomes in the majority of non-responders. Opioid response appears to have three main domains identified by PCA in the two studies: analgesic response, upper gastrointestinal adverse reactions and central adverse reactions. Morphine and oxycodone although had similar response phenotypes had different clinical and genetic factors contributing to each, suggesting different mechanisms. Future work includes collaboration to enable larger studies to be conducted and to investigate the potential role of metabolites in oxycodone response.
Tachyon potentials, star products and universality
Creators: name: Rastelli, Leonardo
name: Zwiebach, Barton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an efficient recursive method to evaluate the tachyon potential using the relevant universal subalgebra of the open string star algebra. This method, using off-shell versions of Virasoro Ward identities, avoids explicit computation of conformal transformations of operators and does not require a choice of background. We illustrate the procedure with a pedagogic computation of the level six tachyon potential in an arbitrary gauge, and the evaluation of a few simple star products. We give a background independent construction of the so-called identity of the star algebra, and show how it fits into family of string fields generating a commutative subalgebra.
description: 42 pages, LaTeX. Small typos corrected, including eqn.(6.23)
The role of chemokines/chemokine receptors in labour
Creators: name: Hua, Renyi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: Human labour is shown to be an inflammatory process, which involves a marked leukocyte infiltrate into myometrium during labour. My study focused on the role of chemokines, key mediators of leukocyte trafficking, in labour. Previous gene array data obtained from human labouring myometrium showed that the mRNA expression of the following chemokines was increased in term labouring myometrium, CCL2, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8. I decided to focus on myometrial expression of these chemokines and also to include CCL5, another important chemokine. My data confirmed that the expression of human myometrial chemokines was increased in labour and that their expression was up regulated by cytokines and mechanical stretch via NFKB and MAPK, but decreased by prostaglandins and oxytocin via PLC. I also studied the expression of myometrial chemokine receptors, which may mediate some of the effects of chemokines on myometrial function and/or act as decoys, minimising the effects of locally produced chemokines. I found that the expression of the chemokine receptors decreased with the onset of labour, mainly through the action of prostaglandins and oxytocin. I then used the established model of LPS-­‐induced preterm labour (PTL) in the mouse and found that chemokines and cytokines both increased in the myometrium and placenta. CCL2 is consistently increased with human labour and has been shown to be important in rodent parturition too. I therefore studied the impact of LPS in the CCR2 (the main receptor for CCL2) knockout mouse. There was less inflammation in both the myometrium and placenta and a better pup survival rate in the CCR2-/- mouse. However, the PTL was not delayed, suggesting that CCR2 is not essential for the induction of PTL labour by LPS in the mouse. I then turned my attention to CCL20, which acts only via CCR6. It is known to drive dendritic cell recruitment and I found that its expression was increased with labour, while that of its receptor was reduced. Functionally, I found that CCL20 up-regulated the myometrial expression of chemokines. Next I used the LPS-induced preterm labour model in the mouse and found that CCR6 knockout delayed LPS-induced preterm delivery and improved pup survival. These findings were associated with much lower inflammation in myometrium and plasma. These data suggest that CCR6 could be a therapeutic target in the management of PTL. Chemokines play an important role both in the induction of term labour and in infection induced PTL. Chemokine inhibitors may delay the onset of PTL and improve the fetal outcome.
MPEC 2024-E122 : 2022 LR16
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
A study of rolling contact fatigue cracks in lubricated contacts
Creators: name: Balcombe, Robbie
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: A novel method for coupling fluid pressure and crack deformation for the purpose of analysing rolling contact fatigue (RCF) cracks in lubricated, hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic, contacts is presented. The model addresses some of the simplifying assumptions applied to existing models presented in the literature such as: (i) using an imposed fluid pressure gradient inside the crack, (ii) using an imposed fluid pressure at the crack mouth, and (iii) adopting a surface contact pressure, Hertzian or EHL, that does not account for the fluid flow in and out of the crack during loading. The model has been used to model the effect of lubricant/crack interaction in various RCF configurations as the rolling element passes over the pre-formed crack; which has direct application to bearings and rail/wheel contacts. The results of the simulations performed with the fully-coupled fluid/solid solver developed by the author suggest that the cracked component/lubricant interaction contributes significantly to accelerate the rate of surface breaking crack growth in rolling element bearings and wheel/rail type contacts. It is shown through simulations that the lubricant works as a catalyst inside the crack to convert the compressive contact load into a crack opening, tensile fatigue mechanism, through the effect of fluid pressurisation inside the crack. The results obtained using such a model suggest that the opening associated with the fluid action within the crack induces large mode I stress intensity factors. This has been shown to be the principal factor that promotes and influences the rate of rolling contact fatigue crack growth in lubricated contacts. In addition to the modelling work, an experimental method of analysing RCF cracks in real time has been developed. The technique is based on laser induced fluorescence that allows the penetration of the fluid within the crack to be observed. Though the method would require development to be used to provide results that could be used for quantitative comparisons with crack models, some encouraging preliminary results have been obtained: the technique has been shown to be suitable for measuring, at least qualitatively, the real time evolution of the film thickness in RCF cracks.
The Fundamental Straight Line of Galactic Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Bellazzini, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed analysis of the Fundamental Plane properties of Globular Cluster is performed. If a sample of ordinary King-model clusters is considered, it is found that, in the "S-space" defined by the parameters (log r_c, log sigma_0, mu_V(0)), their configuration is similar to a straight line. It is shown that, with rather simple assumptions, a simultaneous explanation of all the observed correlations between S-space parameters can be provided. It is suggested that, at earlier times, Globular Clusters populated a line in the three-dimensional S-space, i.e. their original dynamical structure was fully determined by a single physical parameter.
description: 19 pages, latex, 3 .ps figures, latex macro elsart.sty needed. Accepted by New Astronomy
Maximum temperature for an Ideal Gas of $\hat U(1)$ Kac-Moody Fermions
Creators: name: Baaquie, Belal E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A lagrangian for gauge fields coupled to fermions with the Kac-Moody group as its gauge group yields, for the pure fermions sector, an ideal gas of Kac-Moody fermions. The canonical partition function for the $\hat U(1)$ case is shown to have a maximum temperature $kT_{M} = |λ| /π$, where $λ$ is the coupling of the super charge operator $G_0 $ to the fermions. This result is similar to the case of strings but unlike strings the result is obtained from a well-defined lagrangian.
description: Needs subeqnarray.sty; To be published in Phys. Rev. D, Dec 15, 1995. Some typographical errors have been corrected in the revised version
Papilio polytes Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Papilionidae
Papilio
Papilio polytes

description: Papilio polytes [spec. nov.]
P. E. alis caudatis nigris concoloribus: posticis lunulis rubris maculaque quintuplici alba. M. L. U.
Ehret. pict. t. 10.
Habitat in Asia.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 460, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Radio-continuum surveys with SKA and LOFAR: a first look at the perspectives for radio mini-halos
Creators: name: Gitti, Myriam
name: Brunetti, Gianfranco
name: Cassano, Rossella
name: Ettori, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffuse synchrotron radio emission has been observed in a number of cool-core clusters on scales comparable to that of the cooling region. These radio sources are called `mini-halos'. In order to understand their origin, which is still unclear, joint radio and X-ray statistical studies of large cluster samples are necessary to investigate the radio mini-halo properties and their connection with the cluster thermodynamics. We here extend our previous explorative study and investigate the perspectives offered by surveys in the radio continuum with LOFAR and SKA, in particular examining the effect of the intra-cluster magnetic field in the mini-halo region for the first time. By considering the minimum flux detectable in radio surveys and exploiting the $P_{radio}-L_X$ correlation observed for known mini-halos, we estimate the detection limits achievable by future radio observational follow-up of X-ray cluster samples, such as HIFLUGCS and eROSITA. This allows us to estimate the maximum number of radio mini-halos that can potentially be discovered in future surveys as a function of redshift and magnetic field strength. We show that future radio surveys with LOFAR and SKA1 (at 140 MHz and 1.4 GHz) have the potential to discover ~1,000-10,000 radio mini-halo candidates up to redshift z=1. We further note that future SKA1 radio surveys at redshift z>0.6 will allow us to distinguish between different magnetic fields in the mini-halo region, because higher magnetic fields are expected to produce more powerful mini-halos, thus implying a larger number of mini-halo detected at high redshift. For example, the non-detection with SKA1 of mini-halos at z>0.6 will suggest a low magnetic field (B < few $μ$G). The synergy of these radio surveys with future X-ray observations and theoretical studies is essential in establishing the radio mini-halo physical nature. [abridged]
description: Accepted for publication in A&A; 9 pages, 9 figures. Revised to match the corrected version after language editing
Extravariables in the BRST Quantization of Second-Class Constrained Systems; Existence Theorems
Creators: name: Bizdadea, C.
name: Saliu, S. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we show how the BRST quantization can be applied to systems possessing only second-class constraints through their conversion to some first-class ones starting with our method exposed in [Nucl.Phys. B456 (1995)473]. Thus, it is proved that i) for a certain class of second-class systems there exists a standard coupling between the variables of the original phase-space and some extravariables such that we can transform the original system into a one-parameter family of first-class systems; ii) the BRST quantization of this family in a standard gauge leads to the same path integral as that of the original system. The analysis is accomplished in both reducible and irreducible cases. In the same time, there is obtained the Lagrangian action of the first-class family and its provenience is clarified. In this context, the Wess-Zumino action is also derived. The results from the theoretical part of the paper are exemplified in detail for the massive Yang-Mills theory and for the massive abelian three-form gauge fields.
description: LaTeX, 37 pages; Correctly formatted version; The authors may be reached at e-mail address: odile@udjmath1.sfos.ro
Positive multipeak solutions to a zero mass problem in exterior domains
Creators: name: Clapp, Mónica
name: Maia, Liliane A.
name: Pellacci, Benedetta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q55, 35B09, 35J20

description: We establish the existence of positive multipeak solutions to the nonlinear scalar field equation with zero mass $$-Δu = f(u), \qquad u\in D_0^{1,2}(Ω_R),$$ where $Ω_R:=\{x \in \mathbb{R}^N:|u|>R\}$ with $R>0$, $N\geq4$, and the nonlinearity $f$ is subcritical at infinity and supercritical near the origin. We show that the number of positive multipeak solutions becomes arbitrarily large as $R \to \infty$.
Sphaleron glueballs in NBI theory with symmetrized trace
Creators: name: Dyadichev, V. V.
name: Gal'tsov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a closed expression for the SU(2) Born-Infeld action with the symmetrized trace for static spherically symmetric purely magnetic configurations. The lagrangian is obtained in terms of elementary functions. Using it, we investigate glueball solutions to the flat space NBI theory and their self-gravitating counterparts. Such solutions, found previously in the NBI model with the 'square root - ordinary trace' lagrangian, are shown to persist in the theory with the symmetrized trace lagrangian as well. Although the symmetrized trace NBI equations differ substantially from those of the theory with the ordinary trace, a qualitative picture of glueballs remains essentially the same. Gravity further reduces the difference between solutions in these two models, and, for sufficiently large values of the effective gravitational coupling, solutions tends to the same limiting form. The black holes in the NBI theory with the symmetrized trace are also discussed.
description: 19 pages,6 eps figures, latex
Spin Evolution of Pulsars with Weakly Coupled Superfluid Interiors
Creators: name: Sedrakian, Armen
name: Cordes, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the spin evolution of pulsars in the case where a superfluid component of the star is coupled to the observable crust on long, spindown timescales. The momentum transfer from the superfluid interior results in an apparent decay of the external torque and, after a dramatic increase, to an asymptotic decrease of the generic value of the braking index, e.g. $n=3$, to values $n\sim 2.5$ if the magnetic field of the star does not decay over its lifetime. In the case where an exponential decay of the magnetic field towards a residual value occurs, the star undergoes a spin-up phase after which it could emerge in the millisecond sector of the $P$-$\dot P$ diagram.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, Latex, uses aaspp4.sty; ApJ in press
title: ADCO, Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0210
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0210, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0210, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Predictors of tuberculosis treatment success under the DOTS program in Namibia
Creators: name: Kibuule, Dan
name: Verbeeck, Roger K
name: Ruswa Nunurai
name: Farai Mavhunga
name: Ette Ene
name: Godman, Brian
name: Rennie, Timothy W
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Objectives: Optimal treatment success rates are critical to end tuberculosis in Namibia. Despite the scale-up of high quality directly observed therapy short-course strategy (DOTS) in Namibia, treatment success falls short of the global target of 90%. The objective of this study was to ascertain the predictors of treatment success rates under DOTS in Namibia to provide future direction. Methods: A nation-wide comparative analysis of predictors of treatment success was undertaken. Tuberculosis cases in the electronic tuberculosis register were retrospectively reviewed over a 10-year period, 2004–2016. The patient, programmatic, clinical, and treatment predictors of treatment success were determined by multivariate logistic regression modeling using R software. Results: 104,603 TB cases were registered at 300 DOTS sites in 37 districts. The 10-year period treatment success rate was 80%, and varied by region (77.2%–89.2%). The patient’s sex and age were not significant predictors. The independent predictors for treatment success as were: Region of DOTS implementation (p=0.001), type of directly observed treatment (DOT) supporter (p<0.001), sputum conversion at 2 months (p=0.013), DOT regimen (p<0.001), cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (p=0.002), and HIV co-infection (p=0.001). Conclusion: Targeted programmatic, clinical and treatment interventions are required to enhance DOTS treatment success in Namibia. These are now ongoing.
Oral history interview with Martha Eliot 1966
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Women physicians
Physicians
Public health--United States
Social security--United States
Social security--Law and legislation
Health insurance
Child health services

description: Origins of Public Health Service, Children's Bureau, and Social Security Administration; American Medical Association's role in medical care and insurance programs; public health legislation; Committee on Costs of Medical Care, 1920s; Committee on Economic Security, 1930s; Social Security Act; Wagner-Murray-Dingell health insurance bills; Hill-Burton Bill; first National Health Conference, 1938.
Dual-Polarization OFDM-OQAM Wireless Communication System
Creators: name: Jamal, Hosseinali
name: Matolak, David W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper we describe the overall idea and results of a recently proposed radio access technique based on filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) communication system using two orthogonal polarizations: dual-polarization FBMC (DP-FBMC). Using this system we can alleviate the intrinsic interference problem in FBMC systems. This enables use of all the multicarrier techniques used in cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) systems for channel equalization, multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) processing, etc., without using the extra processing required for conventional FBMC. DP-FBMC also provides other interesting advantages over CP-OFDM and FBMC such as more robustness in multipath fading channels, and more robustness to receiver carrier frequency offset (CFO) and timing offset (TO). For DP-FBMC we propose three different structures based on different multiplexing techniques in time, frequency, and polarization. We will show that one of these structures has exactly the same system complexity and equipment as conventional FBMC. In our simulation results DP-FBMC has better bit error ratio (BER) performance in dispersive channels. Based on these results, DP-FBMC has potential as a promising candidate for future wireless communication systems.
description: 1.This paper is accepted to be published in IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) FALL 2018. 2.In this new submitted version authors have revised the paper based on the VTC FALL reviewers comments. Therefore some typos have fixed and some results have changed
Antibiotic activity of the antioxidant drink effective Microorganism-X (EM-X) extracts against common nosocomial pathogens: an in vitro study
Creators: name: Mancini, Alessio
name: Pucciarelli, Sandra
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: EM-X is a mixed consortium of beneficial microorganisms of natural occurrence (lactic bacteria, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria). The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in-vitro of EM-X to the principal pathogens isolated in clinical settings and to understand if it could be a suitable adjuvant to synthetic antibiotics. According the World Health Organization we performed antimicrobial assays to the main pathogens usually found in hospital wards. After antimicrobial testing, EM-X has been shown to be most effective at a concentration of 40 mg/ml four time concentrated than the commercial original solution (10 mg/ml). The EM-X antimicrobial action, although effective against bacteria, has proved to be ineffective against the candida genus. This active range of concentration (mg/ml) may prove a very weak action of EM, but further investigations will be done to separate the active substances form the inactive ones in this complex mixture.
Membrane Vacuum as a Type II Superconductor
Creators: name: Ansoldi, S.
name: Aurilia, A.
name: Spallucci, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a functional field theory of membranes coupled to a rank--three tensor gauge potential. We show that gauge field radiative corrections lead to membrane condensation which turns the gauge field into a {\it massive spin--0 field}. This is the Coleman--Weinberg mechanism for {\it membranes}. An analogy is also drawn with a type--II superconductor. The ground state of the system consists of a two--phase medium in which the superconducting background condensate is ``pierced'' by four dimensional domains, or ``bags'', of non superconducting vacuum. Bags are bounded by membranes whose physical thickness is of the order of the inverse mass acquired by the gauge field.
description: 14 pages, no figures, LaTeX; to be Published on In.J.Mod.Phys.B Umezawa Memorial Issue
The Erdos conjecture for primitive sets
Creators: name: Lichtman, Jared Duker
name: Pomerance, Carl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B83, 11A05, 11N05

description: A subset of the integers larger than 1 is $primitive$ if no member divides another. Erdos proved in 1935 that the sum of $1/(a\log a)$ for $a$ running over a primitive set $A$ is universally bounded over all choices for $A$. In 1988 he asked if this universal bound is attained for the set of prime numbers. In this paper we make some progress on several fronts, and show a connection to certain prime number "races" such as the race between $π(x)$ and li$(x)$.
description: Theorem 1.2 was substantially improved, causing Section 4 to be completely re-written. 14 pages
Supporting Informaton;Survey results from Friction-lowering capabilities and human subject preferences for a hydrophilic surface coating on latex substrates: implications for increasing condom usage
Creators: name: Cooper, Benjamin G.
name: Chin, Stacy L.
name: Ruiqing Xiao
name: Buch, Karen
name: Ducksoo Kim
name: Grinstaff, Mark W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Personal lubricants can increase user satisfaction with male condoms by reducing friction and yielding a slippery sensation. However, lubricants pose disadvantages of dilution in physiologic fluids and sloughing away over repeated articulations. To address these drawbacks, a latex surface modification, which becomes lubricious in the presence of physiologic fluid, has been developed and evaluated. This study assesses (i) the frictional performance of the lubricious coating compared to non-coated latex and latex lubricated by personal lubricant, (ii) the level of agreement between human-perceived slipperiness and machine-measured friction and (iii) human preference for a hypothetical male condom containing the lubricious coating. Friction coefficient of the lubricious coating was 53% lower than that of non-coated latex and approximately equal to that afforded by personal lubricant. A touch test and survey of a small population sample (N = 33) revealed a strong correlation (R2 = 0.83) between human-perceived slipperiness and machine-measured friction. A majority of participants (73%) expressed a preference for a condom containing the lubricious coating, agreeing that an inherently slippery condom that remained slippery for a long duration would increase their condom usage. Such a coating shows potential to be an effective strategy for decreasing friction-associated pain, increasing user satisfaction and increasing condom usage.
Papilio glaucus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Papilionidae
Papilio
Papilio glaucus

description: Papilio glaucus [spec. nov.]
P. E. alis subcaudatis nebulosis concoloribus: primoribus macula flava; posticis macula ani fulva. M. L. U.
Habitat in America.
Alae Posticae Linea transversa fusca bifida; ceterum Troilo similis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 460, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Generating steady quantum coherence and magic through an autonomous thermodynamic machine by utilizing a spin bath
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generation of steady quantumness in the presence of an environment is of utmost importance if we are to build practical quantum devices. We propose a scheme of generating steady coherence and magic in a qubit system attached to a heat bath at a certain temperature through its interaction with another qubit system attached to a spin bath. Coherence generation in the reduced qubit is always possible in this model. The steady coherence in the reduced qubit attached to the heat bath may be used to enhance the subsequent transient performance of a quantum absorption refrigerator. For the case of generation of magic, which is the quantum resource responsible for implementation of gates which are not simulable via stabilizer computation, we show that there exists a critical temperature of the heat bath beyond which it is not possible to create magic in the reduced qubit attached to the heat bath. Below the critical temperature, the strength of interaction between the qubits must lie within a certain region for creation of magic. We further note that by increasing the strength of coupling of the second qubit to the spin bath, typified by the reset probability, keeping the coupling strength of the first qubit to the heat bath fixed, it is possible to increase the critical temperature of the heat bath for creation of magic.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review A
Investigation of the acidity and nucleophilicity of ionic liquid mixtures and their effects on reaction rates
Creators: name: To, Trang Quynh
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: The Hammett acidity functions (H0) of mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate with sulfuric acid, and 1-butylimidazolium hydrogensulfate with sulfuric acid, were measured using UV dyes. A linear correlation between H0 value and the concentration of sulfuric acid was observed for both mixtures. H0 values of the mixtures were also measured using an NMR probe, mesityl oxide. The H0 values calculated from the mesityl oxide experiments agreed well with the H0 values calculated from the UV dye data. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate, 1-butylimidazolium hydrogensulfate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butylimidazolium chloride, 1-butylimidazolium dihydrogenphosphate and 1-butyl- 3-ethylimidazolium acetate were examined as both solvent and nucleophile in nucleophilic substitution reactions with 4-methylbenzyl alcohol. Only 1-butyl-3-ethylimidazolium acetate failed to react. The mechanism of the nucleophilic substitution reactions of 1-butylimidazolium hydrogensulfate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride were investigated using Hammett plots. All benzyl alcohols substituted via the SN2 mechanism in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, however both the SN2 and SN1 mechanisms were seen in 1-butylimidazolium hydrogensulfate. Finally, the structures of hydrogendichloride ionic liquids ([HCl2]−) were investigated using infrared spectroscopy.
On the Relationship between the Rozansky-Witten and the 3-Dimensional Seiberg-Witten Invariants
Creators: name: Blau, Matthias
name: Thompson, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Seiberg-Witten analysis of the low-energy effective action of d=4 N=2 SYM theories reveals the relation between the Donaldson and Seiberg-Witten (SW) monopole invariants. Here we apply analogous reasoning to d=3 N=4 theories and propose a general relationship between Rozansky-Witten (RW) and 3-dimensional Abelian monopole invariants. In particular, we deduce the equality of the SU(2) Casson invariant and the 3-dimensional SW invariant (this includes a special case of the Meng-Taubes theorem relating the SW invariant to Milnor torsion). Since there are only a finite number of basic RW invariants of a given degree, many different topological field theories can be used to represent essentially the same topological invariant. This leads us to advocate using higher rank Abelian gauge theories to shed light on the higher (non-Abelian) RW invariants and we write down candidate higher rank SW equations.
description: 16 pages, LaTeX
Positivity of hexagon perturbation theory
Creators: name: Eden, Burkhard
name: Jiang, Yunfeng
name: de Leeuw, Marius
name: Meier, Tim
name: Plat, Dennis le
name: Sfondrini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hexagon-form-factor program was proposed as a way to compute three- and higher-point correlation functions in $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-symmetric Yang-Mills theory and in the dual AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ superstring theory, by exploiting the integrability of the theory in the 't Hooft limit. This approach is reminiscent of the asymptotic Bethe ansatz in that it applies to a large-volume expansion. Finite-volume corrections can be incorporated through Lüscher-like formulae, though the systematics of this expansion is largely unexplored so far. Strikingly, finite-volume corrections may feature negative powers of the 't Hooft coupling $g$ in the small-$g$ expansion, potentially leading to a breakdown of the formalism. In this work we show that the finite-volume perturbation theory for the hexagon is positive and thereby compatible with the weak-coupling expansion for arbitrary $n$-point functions.
description: v2: misprints corrected, further details on physical magnons added
Oral history interview with Martii Ahtisaari, 2006
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Diplomats--Finland
Refugees--Finland

description: Born in 1937, Karelis, Finland. Lower-middle class childhood, sawmilling family, displacement by Soviets, refugee status and early interst in UNHCR. High school and college in Finland, early work with Finnish government and diplomatic experience in Pakistan and Tanzania
Ageing and axial cyclic loading studies of displacement piles in sands
Creators: name: Rimoy, Siya Paul
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: An investigation is presented into the mechanisms governing both the ageing and axial cyclic loading characteristics of displacement piles in silica sands. The thesis considers first the state–of–knowledge regarding the axial capacity of displacement piles in silica sands. Three main areas of uncertainty are identified; the stress regime setup by installation, the mechanisms of ageing that lead to capacity increases with time (set-up), and the effects of axial cyclic loading. New laboratory experiments are then described that involved tests with extensively instrumented 36mm diameter Mini-Imperial College Piles (Mini-ICP) with roughened (Rcla ~3.5μm) stainless steel shafts and 60o conical tip bases, that could measure axial loads, and interface radial and shear stresses at multiple positions along their shafts. Less extensively instrumented piles with varying diameters were also tested. Ten installations were made in the 1.2m diameter, 1.5m deep Grenoble– INP calibration chamber. Fresh pluviated sand masses were formed for each installation, which were typically instrumented with multiple commercially sourced (Kyowa and TML) miniature sensors to measure radial, vertical and circumferential stresses in the sand mass during pile installation, ageing, and axial static and cyclic loading tests. Key parameters that might affect pile behaviour were then isolated and considered in turn. The interpretation links the model tests to instrumented field studies and the ageing trends established from a field database. The model piles’ axial cyclic loading responses are analysed by developing cyclic interaction diagrams which are linked to full scale tests and laboratory experiments to identify the key mechanisms governing field cyclic behaviour. The interaction diagrams provide a straight-forward screening tool for addressing axial cyclic loading in practice. Reference is made to more elaborate procedures and to the experiments’ scope for validating numerical models.
Oral history interview with Martin Cherkasky 1992
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Hospital administrators

description: Youth and education in Philadelphia; residency at Montefiore Hospital [Montefiore] and its effects on his views; experiences in army: training camp and European tour; return to Montefiore: description of hospital's home care program, experiences working in Bronx neighborhoods, creation of Montefiore Medical Group, directorship and goals for Montefiore; conflict between social aims and financial concerns for doctors; medical trends since World War II and effects on city hospitals; relationship of city and state in health care equation; effects of politics on health care; Edward I. Koch [Koch] administration and health care: progressive ideas for city's health care program, creation of Health and Hospital Corporation, financial limitations and other difficulties, Koch and the AIDS problem, affiliation program, working relationship with Koch; comments on Medical Advisory Board and Academy of Medicine, skepticism about political system's ability to provide a sufficient health care system; Koch administration's failure to fully realize potential of health care system economically.
Papilio anchises Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Papilionidae
Papilio
Papilio anchises

description: Papilio anchises [spec. nov.]
P. E. alis dentatis nigris concoloribus: posticis maculis septem coccineis ovatis. M. L. U.
Merian. surin. 17. t. 17.
Sloan. jam. 2. p. 216. t. 239. f. 19, 20.
Edw. av. t. 207.
Ehret. pict. t. 9.
Habitat in Citro Americes. Larva tentaculata.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 460, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Emergence of cooperation in static networks - Evolutionary Dynamics of Coordination Games with Switching Costs
Creators: name: Markou, Nikolitsa
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: Brand loyalty is tightly connected with competition for market share between brands, as it describes consumers' willingness to maintain compatibility between subsequent purchases. Imposed by exogenous or endogenous factors, the reasons for brand loyalty can be summarized in the switching cost. However, consumers do not live in isolation, instead they influence and get influenced by peers. Especially if influence propagates via "word-of-mouth" and not direct marketing, peer pressure becomes invaluable as consumers reach for compatibility with other consumers. The evolution of market share competition can be described by coordination games played in networks over multiple periods. Consumers, acting as the players of the coordination game, contemplate the quality of the available choices while being susceptible at others' influence. By considering switching costs, inertia in their actions is also introduced. An important issue therefore arises - if the available choices are qualitatively similar, how do the switching costs in combination with network effects affect the competition outcome? In this thesis, we address this issue by introducing switching costs into the standard coordination game; the switching cost game thus describes potential losses inflicted on players by changing - switching - strategies. We particularly concentrate our efforts on the proportions of strategies at equilibrium. Compared to the cost-free game, the switching costs are responsible for the emergence of a coexistence region where all available strategies coexist in equilibrium. Numerical results on various network structures verified the coexistence outcome, along with the effect of cost values and their symmetry on the determination of the coexistence limits. Next, we investigate the monotonicity of the competition evolution. We exploit the monotonous behaviour of the switching cost game limiting cases over time to draw an analogy with bootstrap percolation and benefit from existing analytical methods to calculate their final outcome and create bounds of the general case. We also show how these bounds depend on the switching costs. Finally, we examine the effects of switching costs on the critical behaviour of the system by studying the properties of stable clusters.
Oral history interview with Marthe Schabel, 1991
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Hemophilia--History.--United States
Hemophilia--Social aspects
Hemophilia--Political aspects

description: United States as a "model country" in the treatment of hemophilia; past treatment for people with hemophilia; membership of World Federation of Hemophilia; "there is some hope in the color green"; membership of the "hemophilia community"; involvement with International Hemophilia Training Centers; differences in hemophilia care between countries; psychological issues in hemophilia care; involvement in assisting countries in founding national hemophilia societies; Frank Schnabel Memorial; "Casas de Hemophilia" in South American countries; early interest in educating and in facilitating peer groups for wives of people with Hemophilia