cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Engagement across the Globe: Academic Library Support of Study Abroad Students
Creators: name: Midgett-Nicholson, Amelia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Study abroad is playing an increasingly important role in the academic mission of higher education institutions in the United States. According to the Institute of Higher Education, more than 325,000 students studied abroad in the 2015-2016 academic year. Academic libraries have started to create programs and services to support the information needs of this growing population. In this study, five academic librarians were interviewed to find out if academic libraries support study abroad students, how they make decisions about that support, and what best practices exist for this type of library service. Suggestions for best practices and further research are included.
Salem sets with no arithmetic progressions
Creators: name: Shmerkin, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 11B25, 28A78, 42A38, 42A61

description: We construct Salem sets in $\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$ of any dimension (including $1$) which do not contain any arithmetic progressions of length $3$. Moreover, the sets can be taken to be Ahlfors regular if the dimension is less than $1$, and the measure witnessing the Fourier decay can be taken to be Frostman in the case of dimension $1$. This is in sharp contrast to the situation in the discrete setting (where Fourier uniformity is well known to imply existence of progressions), and helps clarify a result of Laba and Pramanik on pseudo-random subsets of the real line which do contain progressions.
description: 11 pages, no figures. v3: typos and minor issues fixed
Rudolf Noll, Das römerzeitliche Gräberfeld von Salurn
Creators: name: Simon, Hans-Günther
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2023

description: Rudolf Noll, Das römerzeitliche Gräberfeld von Salurn. Archäologische Forschungen in Tirol 2. Herausgegeben von Alfons Wotschitzky. Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 1963. 164 S., 5 Abb., 26 Tafeln.
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 44 Nr. 1 (1966)
Formalization of Temporary Urbanism in Local Government
Creators: name: Blondin, Emma
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Temporary urbanism is becoming a new tool for local governments to take advantage of. It provides flexibility aligned with the needs of a contemporary city. The role of urban planning is to provide regulations where the market fails, and temporary urbanism does just that through temporarily activating underutilized spaces. Local governments have seen an increase in privately-owned and underutilized lands in their urban cores due to land speculation, larger-scale development, and lengthening development processes. Temporary urbanism reactivates these spaces, even for a short period of time, providing space for new users and ideas within a city. The temporary intervention in a site can show local decision-makers what their residents want, allowing them to redefine the city they live in. As a tool, temporary urbanism has gained popularity with citizens and local governments. This represents a need for alternative planning methods due to many reasons including: dissatisfaction with traditional long-rang planning methods; a need for more participatory practices; an increased need for public-private partnerships; but mostly the ability to redistribute public spaces (Temel & Haydn 19). This paper outlines the why local governments should implement temporary urbanism through a framework shown below, and examines different development management techniques for implementation through a series of case studies to understand how municipalities should formalize temporary urbanism.
How Streets Adapt to New Generation Transportation: Analysis of Ridesourcing Pick-up and Drop-off Hot-spots and Street Improvement Design based on Trajectory Data
Creators: name: Zhu, Chenqi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Urban mobility is rapidly evolving in recent years with the flourish of ridesourcing. This new generation transportation offers more convenient options for point to point trips but at the same time generates more conflicts between pedestrians, cyclists, transit and other vehicles. This study discussed how streets adapt to new generation transportation based on 3,128,027 ridesourcing trips in Xi’an, China. I first identified ridesourcing’s pick-up and drop-off hot-spots in Xi’an using DBSCAN and Getis-Ord Gi statistics, and then analyzed hot-spot locations from the street scale. I found hot-spots in Xi’an mainly located on the city’s main axis and Ring Roads surrounding by five different land use types. Finally, a ridesourcing pick-up and drop-off design in highly mixed land use area was showcased.
Evaluation of the Neighborhood Conservation District Overlay in the Northside Neighborhood of Chapel Hill, NC
Creators: name: Bailey, Amelie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: This Masters Project evaluates the impact of Chapel Hill’s Northside Conservation District Overlay on the character of development in the Northside neighborhood. The project will explore whether the current patterns of development and related behaviors in the Northside Conservation District overlay reflect the goals and values that the conservation overlay district was designed to promote.
Single-Photon Depth Imaging Using a Union-of-Subspaces Model
Creators: name: Shin, Dongeek
name: Shapiro, Jeffrey H.
name: Goyal, Vivek K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Light detection and ranging systems reconstruct scene depth from time-of-flight measurements. For low light-level depth imaging applications, such as remote sensing and robot vision, these systems use single-photon detectors that resolve individual photon arrivals. Even so, they must detect a large number of photons to mitigate Poisson shot noise and reject anomalous photon detections from background light. We introduce a novel framework for accurate depth imaging using a small number of detected photons in the presence of an unknown amount of background light that may vary spatially. It employs a Poisson observation model for the photon detections plus a union-of-subspaces constraint on the discrete-time flux from the scene at any single pixel. Together, they enable a greedy signal-pursuit algorithm to rapidly and simultaneously converge on accurate estimates of scene depth and background flux, without any assumptions on spatial correlations of the depth or background flux. Using experimental single-photon data, we demonstrate that our proposed framework recovers depth features with 1.7 cm absolute error, using 15 photons per image pixel and an illumination pulse with 6.7-cm scaled root-mean-square length. We also show that our framework outperforms the conventional pixelwise log-matched filtering, which is a computationally-efficient approximation to the maximum-likelihood solution, by a factor of 6.1 in absolute depth error.
description: 5 pages
Development in Slum Settlements - Building a Preschool in Ikageng, South Africa
Creators: name: Sonyia, Sonyia Turner
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Planners work all over the world to help improve the built environment for all levels of society, giving special attention to the poor and disadvantaged (Payne & Vestbro, 2008). Within emerging economies, the poor are often concentrated in slum settlements. One in eight people, or one billion people, live in slums around the world, with Africa having the largest proportion of slum dwellers at 55.8% (UN-Habitat, 2017, p. 21). Slum settlements are characterized by non-durable dwelling structures, overcrowding, and a lack of access to necessary infrastructure such as water and sanitation facilities, and slums develop and operate within the informal sector of an emerging economy. Because slums operate within the informal sector, they pose several development challenges for planners. This Masters project thus seeks to answer the question: what does it take to build a preschool in a slum settlement? To explore this question, I will conduct pre-development services for a client: Not Forgotten South Africa (NFSA) for the development of a preschool in a slum settlement in Ikageng, South Africa. The pre-development services will include identifying and evaluating a site, developing a program to fit the site, conducting financial analysis, and providing recommendations for next steps.
Supplementary document for Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity in pediatric sickle cell disease using diffuse correlation spectroscopy - 6612887.pdf
Creators: name: Cowdrick, Kyle
name: Akbar, Mariam
name: Boodooram, Tisha
name: Harris, LaBeausha
name: Bai, Shasha
name: Brothers, Rowan
name: Arrington, Michael
name: Lee, Seung Yup
name: Khemani, Kirshma
name: Gee, Beatrice
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: All supplemental materials
A Binary Data Stream Scripting Language
Creators: name: Wang, Lihua
name: Capretz, Luz Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Any file is fundamentally a binary data stream. A practical solution was achieved to interpret binary data stream. A new scripting language named Data Format Scripting Language (DFSL) was developed to describe the physical layout of the data in a structural, more intelligible way. On the basis of the solution, a generic software application was implemented; it parses various binary data streams according to their respective DFSL scripts and generates human-readable result and XML document for data sharing. Our solution helps eliminate the error-prone low-level programming, especially in the hardware devices or network protocol development/debugging processes.
Solitons Riding on Solitons: Hypersolitons and the Quantum Newton's Cradle
Creators: name: Ma, Manjun
name: Navarro, R.
name: Carretero-Gonzalez, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reduced dynamics for dark and bright soliton chains in the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation is used to study the behavior of collective compression waves. For appropriate conditions, the reduced dynamics derived from perturbation and variational techniques allows to describe a chain of dark or bright solitons as a chain of effective masses connected by nonlinear springs taking the form of a Toda lattice model on the soliton's positions. In turn, the Toda lattice possesses exact solitary travelling compression wave solutions corresponding to travelling compression waves in the original soliton chain. We coin the term hypersoliton to describe such solitary waves riding on a chain of solitons. We corroborate our analytical results with direct numerical simulations of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. It is observed that in the case of dark soliton chains, the formulated reduction dynamics provides an accurate description for the robust evolution of travelling compression waves. In contrast, bright soliton chains do not have such stable propagating solutions due to the desynchronization of the mutual phases between consecutive solitons during evolution. Finally, as an application to Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in a standard external harmonic trapping potential, we study the case of finite dark soliton chain confined at the center of the trap. We find that when the central chain is hit by a dark soliton initiated at the edge of the external trap, the energy is transferred through the chain as a hypersoliton. When the hypersoliton reaches the end of the central chain, a dark soliton is ejected away from the center of the trap and, as it returns from its excursion up the trap, hits the central chain producing again a hypersoliton. This periodic evolution is the equivalent of the classical Newton's cradle.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Bounded Height in Pencils of Finitely Generated Subgroups
Creators: name: Amoroso, F.
name: Masser, D.
name: Zannier, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove height bounds concerning intersections of finitely generated subgroups in a torus with algebraic subvarieties, all varying in a pencil. This vastly extends the previously treated constant case and involves entirely different, and more delicate, techniques.
FLOTANT - D.9.10. FLOTANT Policy Brief
Creators: name: Kerr, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Floating offshore wind
Technology roadmap
Infrastructure
Supply chain
Regulation

description: FLOTANT project public deliverable. The purpose of this document is to make recommendations to policy makers in the two regions that were studied in the FLOTANT project (Scotland and the Canary Islands) on the support required to take the FLOTANT technology(s) from their current status to commercial readiness.
 This is carried out in the form of a technology roadmap. The roadmap considers three key areas to the future development of FLOTANT 1) infrastructure and supply chain 2) regulation and legislation and 3) support for R&D innovation and deployment. Firstly, an assessment of the requirements of FLOTANT is made in the three key areas (e.g. the port requirements to assemble the FLOTANT device). Following this the current status of each area is assessed in both regions. After comparing the capabilities of each region to the requirements of the FLOTANT technology, the report then concludes with recommendations to policymakers.
Neutron capture and the antineutrino yield from nuclear reactors
Creators: name: Huber, Patrick
name: Jaffke, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify a new, flux-dependent correction to the antineutrino spectrum as produced in nuclear reactors. The abundance of certain nuclides, whose decay chains produce antineutrinos above the threshold for inverse beta decay, has a nonlinear dependence on the neutron flux, unlike the vast majority of antineutrino producing nuclides, whose decay rate is directly related to the fission rate. We have identified four of these so-called nonlinear nuclides and determined that they result in an antineutrino excess at low-energies below 3.2MeV, dependent on the reactor thermal neutron flux. We develop an analytic model for the size of the correction and compare it to the results of detailed reactor simulations for various real existing reactors, spanning 3 orders of magnitude in neutron flux. In a typical pressurized water reactor the resulting correction can reach 0.9% of the low energy flux which is comparable in size to other, known low-energy corrections from spent nuclear fuel and the non-equilibrium correction. For naval reactors the nonlinear correction may reach the 10% level.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
The Kupka Scheme and Unfoldings
Creators: name: Massri, César
name: Molinuevo, Ariel
name: Quallbrunn, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $ω$ be a differential 1-form defining an algebraic foliation of codimension 1 in projective space. In this article we use commutative algebra to study the singular locus of $ω$ through its ideal of definition. Then, we expose the relation between the ideal defining the Kupka components of the singular set of $ω$ and the first order unfoldings of $ω$. Exploiting this relation, we show that the set of Kupka points of $ω$ is generically not empty. As an application of this results, we can compute the ideal of first order unfoldings for some known components of the space of foliations.
description: 24 pages. Corrected version. To appear in The Asian Journal of Mathematics
Unambiguous Detection of Reflection in Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables: Joint NuSTAR-XMM-Newton Observations of Three Intermediate Polars
Creators: name: Mukai, Koji
name: Rana, Vikram
name: Bernardini, Federico
name: de Martino, Domitilla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs), X-ray emission regions are located close to the white dwarf surface, which is expected to reflect a significant fraction of intrinsic X-rays above 10 keV, producing a Compton reflection hump. However, up to now, a secure detection of this effect in magnetic CVs has largely proved elusive because of the limited sensitivity of non-imaging X-ray detectors. Here we report our analysis of joint NuSTAR/XMM-Newton observations of three magnetic CVs, V709 Cas, NY Lup, and V1223 Sgr. The improved hard X-ray sensitivity of the imaging NuSTAR data has resulted in the first robust detection of Compton hump in all three objects, with amplitudes of ~1 or greater in NY Lup, and likely <1.0 in the other two. We also confirm earlier report of a strong spin modulation above 10 keV in V709 Cas, and report the first detection of small spin amplitudes in the others. We interpret this as due to different height of the X-ray emitting region among these objects. A height of ~0.2 white dwarf radii provides a plausible explanation for the low reflection amplitude of V709 Cas. Since emission regions above both poles are visible at certain spin phases, this can also explain the strong hard X-ray spin modulation. A shock height of ~0.05 white dwarf radii can explain our results on V1223 Sgr, while the shock height in NY Lup appears negligible.
description: 16 pages including 3 figures and 2 tables; accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters
Affordable Housing Development Toolkit: Successful approaches from North Carolina and beyond
Creators: name: Norchi, Frederick (Matthew)
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: This guide focuses on programs that aim to increase the production and supply of affordable housing for both renters and homeowners. Additionally, the guide does not cover the entire range of affordable housing production strategies that have been adopted. Rather, the guide focuses on noteworthy or innovative programs to shed light on their potential application to local governments in North Carolina.
Fate of the Kondo Effect and Impurity Quantum Phase Transitions Through the Lens of Fidelity Susceptibility
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Shinaoka, Hiroshi
name: Troyer, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kondo effect is an ubiquitous phenomenon appearing at low temperature in quantum confined systems coupled to a continuous bath. Efforts in understanding and controlling it have triggered important developments across several disciplines of condensed matter physics. A recurring pattern in these studies is that the suppression of the Kondo effect often results in intriguing physical phenomena such as impurity quantum phase transitions or non-Fermi-liquid behavior. We show that the fidelity susceptibility is a sensitive indicator for such phenomena because it quantifies the sensitivity of the system's state with respect to its coupling to the bath. We demonstrate the power of fidelity susceptibility approach by using it to identify the crossover and quantum phase transitions in the one and two impurity Anderson models.
Rigged configurations for all symmetrizable types
Creators: name: Salisbury, Ben
name: Scrimshaw, Travis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E10, 17B37

description: In an earlier work, the authors developed a rigged configuration model for the crystal $B(\infty)$ (which also descends to a model for irreducible highest weight crystals via a cutting procedure). However, the result obtained was only valid in finite types, affine types, and simply-laced indefinite types. In this paper, we show that the rigged configuration model proposed does indeed hold for all symmetrizable types. As an application, we give an easy combinatorial condition that gives a Littlewood-Richardson rule using rigged configurations which is valid in all symmetrizable Kac-Moody types.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Cascading Multicriticality in Nonrelativistic Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Griffin, Tom
name: Grosvenor, Kevin T.
name: Horava, Petr
name: Yan, Ziqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Without Lorentz invariance, spontaneous global symmetry breaking can lead to multicritical Nambu-Goldstone modes with a higher-order low-energy dispersion $ω\sim k^n$ ($n=2,3,\ldots$), whose naturalness is protected by polynomial shift symmetries. Here we investigate the role of infrared divergences and the nonrelativistic generalization of the Coleman-Hohenberg-Mermin-Wagner (CHMW) theorem. We find novel cascading phenomena with large hierarchies between the scales at which the value of $n$ changes, leading to an evasion of the "no-go" consequences of the relativistic CHMW theorem.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Neighborhood air quality and health: Quantifying outdoor air pollution risk in Philadelphia
Creators: name: Plaugic, Michele
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: In 2010, approximately 160,000 premature deaths were associated with particulate matter exposure, and 4,300 deaths with ozone exposure in the U.S., according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency research. Considering the majority of the U.S. population lives in an urban area, the potential for exposure to outdoor air pollution is substantial. Traffic-related air pollution is associated with an increased risk of adult and child asthma, impaired lung function, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other respiratory diseases. Identifying susceptibility and vulnerability to outdoor air pollution can help cities make appropriate planning and policy decisions to protect current and future residents. This research explores the association between neighborhood air pollution variables and related chronic diseases, including asthma, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high blood pressure, and stroke. To visualize which areas of the city are most vulnerable to outdoor air pollution, I created a risk index for outdoor air pollution based on elements of exposure, susceptibility, and adaptability. Census tracts with a risk index in the highest quartile had increased odds of having higher rates of each of the negative health outcomes included in the model. While the specific cause of these disparities has not been studied in this research, it is obvious that certain tracts share a disproportionate risk from exposure to outdoor air pollution.
ML5: Replications of Albarracin Study 5 (2008)
Creators: name: Chartier, Christopher
name: Brumbaugh, Claudia
name: Garinther, Alexander
name: Arrow, Holly
name: Bonfiglio, Diane
name: Storage, Daniel
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Time stamped data and materials.
Principal Differences Analysis: Interpretable Characterization of Differences between Distributions
Creators: name: Mueller, Jonas
name: Jaakkola, Tommi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce principal differences analysis (PDA) for analyzing differences between high-dimensional distributions. The method operates by finding the projection that maximizes the Wasserstein divergence between the resulting univariate populations. Relying on the Cramer-Wold device, it requires no assumptions about the form of the underlying distributions, nor the nature of their inter-class differences. A sparse variant of the method is introduced to identify features responsible for the differences. We provide algorithms for both the original minimax formulation as well as its semidefinite relaxation. In addition to deriving some convergence results, we illustrate how the approach may be applied to identify differences between cell populations in the somatosensory cortex and hippocampus as manifested by single cell RNA-seq. Our broader framework extends beyond the specific choice of Wasserstein divergence.
description: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 28 (NIPS 2015)
Brown-Peterson cohomology from Morava E-theory
Creators: name: Barthel, Tobias
name: Stapleton, Nathaniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N22

description: We prove that the $p$-completed Brown-Peterson spectrum is a retract of a product of Morava $E$-theory spectra. As a consequence, we generalize results of Ravenel-Wilson-Yagita and Kashiwabara from spaces to spectra and deduce that the notion of good group is determined by Brown-Peterson cohomology. Furthermore, we show that rational factorizations of the Morava $E$-theory of certain finite groups hold integrally up to bounded torsion with height-independent exponent, thereby lifting these factorizations to the rationalized Brown-Peterson cohomology of such groups.
description: With an appendix by Jeremy Hahn. All comments welcome
Dark-resonance Doppler cooling and high fluorescence in trapped Ca-43 ions at intermediate magnetic field
Creators: name: Allcock, D. T. C.
name: Harty, T. P.
name: Sepiol, M. A.
name: Janacek, H. A.
name: Ballance, C. J.
name: Steane, A. M.
name: Lucas, D. M.
name: Stacey, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate simple and robust methods for Doppler cooling and obtaining high fluorescence from trapped 43Ca+ ions at a magnetic field of 146 Gauss. This field gives access to a magnetic-field-independent "atomic clock" qubit transition within the ground level hyperfine structure of the ion, but also causes the complex internal structure of the 64 states relevant to Doppler cooling to be spread over many times the atomic transition line-width. Using a time-dependent optical Bloch equation simulation of the system we develop a simple scheme to Doppler-cool the ion on a two-photon dark resonance, which is robust to typical experimental variations in laser intensities, detunings and polarizations. We experimentally demonstrate cooling to a temperature of 0.3 mK, slightly below the Doppler limit for the corresponding two-level system, and then use Raman sideband laser cooling to cool further to the ground states of the ion's radial motional modes. These methods will enable two-qubit entangling gates with this ion, which is one of the most promising qubits so far developed.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
SARS-CoV-2 evolution influences GBP and IFITM sensitivity.
Creators: name: Mesner, Dejan
name: Reuschl, Ann-Kathrin
name: Whelan, Matthew VX
name: Bronzovich, Taylor
name: Haider, Tafhima
name: Thorne, Lucy G
name: Ragazzini, Roberta
name: Bonfanti, Paola
name: Towers, Greg J
name: Jolly, Clare
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: Stem Cells
Developmental Biology
Cell Biology

description: SARS-CoV-2 spike requires proteolytic processing for viral entry. A polybasic furin-cleavage site (FCS) in spike, and evolution toward an optimized FCS by dominant variants of concern (VOCs), are linked to enhanced infectivity and transmission. Here we show interferon-inducible restriction factors Guanylate-binding proteins (GBP) 2 and 5 interfere with furin-mediated spike cleavage and inhibit the infectivity of early-lineage isolates Wuhan-Hu-1 and VIC. By contrast, VOCs Alpha and Delta escape restriction by GBP2/5 that we map to the spike substitution D614G present in these VOCs. Despite inhibition of spike cleavage, these viruses remained sensitive to plasma membrane IFITM1, but not endosomal IFITM2 and 3, consistent with a preference for TMPRSS2-dependent plasma membrane entry. Strikingly, we find that Omicron is unique among VOCs, being sensitive to restriction factors GBP2/5, and also IFITM1, 2, and 3. Using chimeric spike mutants, we map the Omicron phenotype and show that the S1 domain determines Omicron's sensitivity to GBP2/5, whereas the S2' domain determines its sensitivity to endosomal IFITM2/3 and preferential use of TMPRSS2-independent entry. We propose that evolution of SARS-CoV-2 for the D614G substitution has allowed for escape from GBP restriction factors, but the selective pressures on Omicron for spike changes that mediate antibody escape, and altered tropism, have come at the expense of increased sensitivity to innate immune restriction factors that target virus entry.
Fair-Free: An exploration of the Chapel Hill Short Range Transit Plan Unfunded Project Improvements from an Equity Perspective
Creators: name: Emeric, Ellen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: In 2018, Chapel Hill Transit (CHT) released their draft Short-Range Transit Plan outlining a Preferred Alternative solution to public transit reconfiguration. According to the Town of Chapel Hill, the purpose of the plan was to generate revenue and reduce expenses to improve Chapel Hill Transit’s overall financial outlook, including operational efficiencies, service contracting, bus size and alternative fuels, university partnership models, and revenue impacts of re-instituting fares. The draft project, contracted to Nelson/Nygaard, included a State of the System report, technical advisory and policy committee meetings, stakeholder and community input, long-range service evaluation, and long-term strategic issues assessment. It outlined individual route recommendations, and delineated how these solutions align with broader CHT operational goals. However, several highly suitablepreferred solutions were identified as unfeasible within CHT’s existing budget. This research seeks to evaluate the omission of the “unfunded” project list items from an equity perspective and asses the priority of these route expansions using a simplified mapping of transit propensity variables already employed by CHT.
On the set of L-space surgeries for links
Creators: name: Gorsky, Eugene
name: Némethi, András
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It it known that the set of L-space surgeries on a nontrivial L-space knot is always bounded from below. However, already for two-component torus links the set of L-space surgeries might be unbounded from below. For algebraic two-component links we provide three complete characterizations for the boundedness from below: one in terms of the $h$-function, one in terms of the Alexander polynomial, and one in terms of the embedded resolution graph. They show that the set of L-space surgeries is bounded from below for most algebraic links. In fact, the used property of the $h$-function is a sufficient condition for non-algebraic L-space links as well.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures; v2: Major revision, we prove a complete characterization of algebraic links with bounded below sets of L-space surgeries
A quantum mechanical scheme to reduce radiation damage in electron microscopy
Creators: name: Okamoto, Hiroshi
name: Latychevskaia, Tatiana
name: Fink, Hans-Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that radiation damage to unstained biological specimens is not an intractable problem in electron microscopy. When a structural hypothesis of a specimen is available, quantum mechanical principles allow us to verify the hypothesis with a very low electron dose. Realization of such a concept requires precise control of the electron wave front. Based on a diffractive electron optical implementation, we demonstrate the feasibility of this new method by both experimental and numerical investigations.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Star-Forming Compact Groups (SFCGs): An ultraviolet search for a local sample
Creators: name: Hernandez-Fernandez, Jonathan D.
name: de Oliveira, Claudia Mendes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a local sample (z<0.15) of 280 Star-Forming Compact Groups (SFCGs) of galaxies identified in the ultraviolet Galaxy Evolution EXplorer (GALEX) All-sky Imaging Survey (AIS). So far, just one prototypical example of SFCG, the Blue Infalling Group, has been studied in detail in the Local Universe. The sample of SFCGs is mainly the result of applying a Friends-of-Friends group finder in the space of celestial coordinates with a maximum linking-length of 1.5 arcmin and choosing groups with a minimum number of four members of bright UV-emitting 17
description: 26 pages, 8 figures, 10 tables, 3 online-only tables, 3 online-only documents. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Warped cones over profinite completions
Creators: name: Sawicki, Damian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51F99 (Primary), 20F69, 43A07, 43A35 (Secondary)

description: We construct metric spaces that do not have property A yet are coarsely embeddable into the Hilbert space. Our examples are so called warped cones, which were introduced by J. Roe to serve as examples of spaces non-embeddable into a Hilbert space and with or without property A. The construction provides the first examples of warped cones combining coarse embeddability and lack of property A. We also construct warped cones over manifolds with isometrically embedded expanders and generalise Roe's criteria for the lack of property A or coarse embeddability of a warped cone. Along the way, it is proven that property A of the warped cone over a profinite completion is equivalent to amenability of the group. In the appendix we solve a problem of Nowak regarding his examples of spaces with similar properties.
description: 18 pages; to appear in Journal of Topology and Analysis
Loss-tolerant measurement-device-independent quantum random number generation
Creators: name: Cao, Zhu
name: Zhou, Hongyi
name: Ma, Xiongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) output genuine random numbers based upon the uncertainty principle. A QRNG contains two parts in general --- a randomness source and a readout detector. How to remove detector imperfections has been one of the most important questions in practical randomness generation. We propose a simple solution, measurement-device-independent QRNG, which not only removes all detector side channels but is robust against losses. In contrast to previous fully device-independent QRNGs, our scheme does not require high detector efficiency or nonlocality tests. Simulations show that our protocol can be implemented efficiently with a practical coherent state laser and other standard optical components. The security analysis of our QRNG consists mainly of two parts: measurement tomography and randomness quantification, where several new techniques are developed to characterize the randomness associated with a positive-operator valued measure.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Assessing Green Infrastructure Implementation in Washington, D.C. to Promote Equity and Climate Change Resilience
Creators: name: Vogel, Audrey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The use of green infrastructure has been widely recognized as an effective adaptation practice that can be used to help build resilience in urban areas by reducing the severity of certain climate impacts, such as flooding and heat stress. In the absence of strategic and participatory planning, green infrastructure can potentially exacerbate social-spatial inequalities in urban areas. Environmental justice literature has demonstrated that the communities that have the highest potential benefit from green infrastructure often have the least access to it. A case study of Washington, DC examines this complicated and potentially problematic relationship between green infrastructure and social equity. In this project, I provide an overview of green infrastructure planning in the context of social equity and climate change resilience, examine green infrastructure implementation in Washington DC, analyze the relationships between socioeconomic and environmental variables that could potentially influence the spatial distribution of green infrastructure, and provide recommendations based upon my analysis. The results of this research provides insight into important factors to consider when implementing green infrastructure programs, not only for the District of Columbia, but for other communities undertaking similar efforts.
An Inventory of Transfer of Development Rights Programs in the United States
Creators: name: Timmerman, Dylan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) programs are a development management tool used in many jurisdictions around the country to shift development intensity between land parcels. The use of TDR programs is not universally adopted across the country, however, and the purposes of the programs varies. This project aims to compile a comprehensive listing of TDR programs and their primary attributes in order to categorize and map their implementation. This project also aims to examine a few socio-economic characteristics to determine their association with TDR program adoption through a logistic regression. The primary questions this project aims to address are; Are there spatial relationships between where TDR programs have been implemented? Are there categories of TDR programs based on their function and who is implementing them that can be categorized? Are there socio-economic characteristics that are associated with an increase or decrease in the odds of a TDR program being present in an area? The inventory of TDR programs found 363 programs. The TDR programs identified are most commonly used to preserve important natural resources, promote development in particular areas through density incentivization, or a combination of these goals. Local government is the primary level through which TDR programs are implemented, though county level programs are prominent in some states. The logistic regression found that the odds of a TDR program being implemented in an area are associated with the political preferences, racial demographics, rural characteristics, housing ownership characteristics, and the farm density of a place.
Evolução dos casos de infecção por COVID-19 em neopediatria: scoping review
Creators: name: Costa, Thatiane
name: Santos, Kauanny
name: Rocha, Rodrigo
name: Oliveira, Eloysa
name: Dantas, Rodrigo
name: Dantas, Daniele
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a evolução dos casos de infecção por COVID-19 em pacientes neonatais e pediátricos. Se trata de uma revisão de escopo que seguiu as orientações do Instituto Joanna Briggs e protocolo PRISMA-ScR. Realizado busca em oito bases de dados e em buscador eletrônico, obtendo uma amostra de dez registros sobre a temática.
Five years in: Assessing the impacts of Chicago’s Large Lots Program
Creators: name: Stern, Matthew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Since 2014, the City of Chicago has sold more than 1,200 city-owned vacant properties to same-block landowners in the South and West sides for $1 each. This "Large Lots Program" is part of a national trend in which cities encourage productive reuse of vacant land by heavily discounting the sale of empty lots in distressed neighborhoods to local buyers. These experimental programs present opportunities for marginalized communities such as wealth-building, crime reduction, and increased control of neighborhood change processes. They also present risks and opportunity costs. Despite these trade-offs, vacant land disposition programs have been understudied and no published literature evaluates whether programs actually achieve their stated goals. Using data from a variety of public and private data sources I evaluate the impact of Chicago’s Large Lots program in three economically distressed neighborhoods. I investigate who is buying Large Lots, how many parcels they are buying, and how far they live from the parcels they are purchasing. Additionally, I perform a block-level difference-in-differences analysis to explore whether the program reduces crime. Finally, I examine the potential wealth generation affects for residents of low-income communities using a parcel-based projection of land value changes.
Estudio De Caso Sobre Sociología Y Estructura Social
Creators: name: Masís, Héctor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ensayo Abierto sobre Pensamiento Sociológico acerca de una realidad social familiar nicaragüense.                                                   Breve exposición basada en un caso concreto, el cual abarca dentro del contexto de una experiencia personal de familia, ciertas variables sociológicas como: estratificación, vida social, situación de clase, interrelaciones, orden social, status de personas y grupos sociales, distribución del poder, etnicidad, etc., todo ello usando en parte el método autobiográfico, para completar cinco páginas de contenido reflexivo, sin contar imágenes.
Shallow carrier traps in hydrothermal ZnO crystals
Creators: name: Ton-That, C.
name: Lem, L. L. C.
name: Phillips, M. R.
name: Reisdorffer, F.
name: Mevellec, J.
name: Nguyen, T. -P.
name: Nenstiel, C.
name: Hoffmann, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Native and hydrogen-plasma induced shallow traps in hydrothermally grown ZnO crystals have been investigated by charge-based deep level transient spectroscopy (Q-DLTS), photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence microanalysis. The as-grown ZnO exhibits a trap state at 23 meV, while H-doped ZnO produced by plasma doping shows two levels at 22 meV and 11 meV below the conduction band. As-grown ZnO displays the expected thermal decay of bound excitons with increasing temperature from 7 K, while we observed an anomalous behaviour of the excitonic emission in H-doped ZnO, in which its intensity increases with increasing temperature in the range 140-300 K. Based on a multitude of optical results, a qualitative model is developed which explains the Y line structural defects, which act as an electron trap with an activation energy of 11 meV, being responsible for the anomalous temperature-dependent cathodoluminescence of H-doped ZnO.
Disrupted: An Exploration of Eviction and Implications on Health in Durham, NC
Creators: name: Jimenez-Magdaleno, Karla
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: In Durham, NC, concerns about evictions have come to the forefront as the city deliberates over the strategies to address an increasingly unaffordable housing market. In 2017, over 10,000 summary ejectments (evictions) were filed. However, not all of the filed eviction notices were for tenants not paying rent. These no-fault evictions are an understudied and underdiscussed segment of evictions in Durham, which are occurring behind a national narrative focused on the faults of tenants. And as these evictions continue, community development practitioners lack an understanding of how the process of evictions specifically affects physical and mental health, and how not being at fault moderates the pathways. This project showcases portraits of two tenants relying on Section 8 vouchers who experienced a no-fault eviction judgment, and depicts changes in their health. Their stories are accompanied by contextual background and a literature review that grounds their experiences. The goals of the project are to (1) challenge the idea that evictions occur at the fault of tenants, and (2) accelerate the inclusion of public health practices and solutions in addressing evictions in Durham. The portraits of Disrupted are available on DurhamDisrupted.com.
Surface energy calculations from Zinc blende (111)/(-1-1-1) to Wurtzite (0001)/(000-1):a study of ZnO and GaN
Creators: name: Zhang, Jingzhao
name: Zhang, Yiou
name: Tse, Kinfai
name: Deng, Bei
name: Xu, Hu
name: Zhu, Junyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accurate absolute surface energies of (0001)/(000-1) surfaces of wurtzite structures are crucial in determining the thin film growth mode of important energy materials. However, the surface energies still remain to be solved due to the intrinsic difficulty of calculating dangling bond energy of asymmetrically bonded surface atoms. In this study, we used a pseudo-hydrogen passivation method to estimate the dangling bond energy and calculate the polar surfaces of ZnO and GaN. The calculations were based on the pseudo chemical potentials obtained from a set of tetrahedral clusters or simple pseudo-molecules, using density functional theory approaches. And the surface energies of (0001)/(000-1) surfaces of wurtzite ZnO and GaN we obtained showed relatively high self-consistencies. A wedge structure calculation with a new bottom surface passivation scheme of group I and group VII elements was also proposed and performed to show converged absolute surface energy of wurtzite ZnO polar surfaces, and the result were also compared with the above method. These calculations and comparisons may provide important insights to crystal growths of the above materials, thereby leading to significant performance enhancements of semiconductor devices.
description: 14 pages,5 figures