cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A two-line representation of stationary measure for open TASEP
Creators: name: Bryc, Wlodek
name: Zatitskii, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 60F10

description: We show that the stationary measure for the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process on a segment with open boundaries is given by a marginal of a two-line measure with a simple and explicit description. We use this representation to analyze asymptotic fluctuations of the height function near the triple point for a larger set of parameters than was previously studied. As a second application, we determine a single expression for the rate function in the large deviation principle for the height function in the fan and in the shock region. We then discuss how this expression relates to the expressions available in the literature.
description: Expanded version with additional details (29 pages)
Traffic accident increase attributed to Daylight Saving Time doubled after Energy Policy Act
Creators: name: Martín-Olalla, José María
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On January 30, 2020 Current Biology released the report "A Chronobiological Evaluation of the Acute Effects of Daylight Saving Time on Traffic Accident Risk" doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.12.045 by Fritz, et al., where it was argued that fatal traffic accident risk increases by 6% in the US due to Daylight Saving Time spring transition. This manuscript is a 1000 word correspondence showing that the bulk of this reported risk comes from the transition dates mandated by the Energy Policy Act in 2007.
description: 1100 words comment letter. This is the accepted manuscript of a correspondence published by Current Biology (2020)
Centrality Dependence of Direct Photon Production in sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV Au+Au Collisions
Creators: name: PHENIX Collaboration
name: Adler, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first measurement of direct photons in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV is presented. The direct photon signal is extracted as a function of the Au+Au collision centrality and compared to NLO pQCD calculations. The direct photon yield is shown to scale with the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions for all centralities.
description: 329 authors, 6 pages text, 3 figures, 1 Table. Submitted to PRL. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
Wave attenuation in viscoelastic hierarchical plates
Creators: name: Poggetto, Vinícius F. Dal
name: Miranda, Edson J. P.
name: Santos, José Maria C. Dos
name: Pugno, Nicola M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phononic crystals (PCs) are periodic structures obtained by the spatial arrangement of materials with contrasting properties, which can be designed to efficiently manipulate mechanical waves. Plate structures can be modeled using the Mindlin-Reissner plate theory and have been extensively used to analyze the dispersion relations of PCs. Although the analysis of the propagating characteristics of PCs may be sufficient for simple elastic structures, analyzing the evanescent wave behavior becomes fundamental if the PC contains viscoelastic components. Another complication is that increasingly intricate material distributions in the unit cell of PCs with hierarchical configuration may render the calculation of the complex band structure (i.e., considering both propagating and evanescent waves) prohibitive due to excessive computational workload. In this work, we propose a new extended plane wave expansion formulation to compute the complex band structure of thick PC plates with arbitrary material distribution using the Mindlin-Reissner plate theory containing constituents with a viscoelastic behavior approximated by a Kelvin-Voigt model. We apply the method to investigate the evanescent behavior of periodic hierarchically structured plates for either (i) a hard purely elastic matrix with soft viscoelastic inclusions or (ii) a soft viscoelastic matrix with hard purely elastic inclusions. Our results show that for (i), an increase in the hierarchical order leads to a weight reduction with relatively preserved attenuation characteristics, including attenuation peaks due to locally resonant modes that present a decrease in attenuation upon increasing viscosity levels. For (ii), changing the hierarchical order implies in opening band gaps in distinct frequency ranges, with an overall attenuation improved by an increase in the viscosity levels.
Investigating the Collective Nature of Cavity Modified Chemical Kinetics under Vibrational Strong Coupling
Creators: name: Lindoy, Lachlan P.
name: Mandal, Arkajit
name: Reichman, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we develop quantum dynamical methods capable of treating the dynamics of chemically reacting systems in an optical cavity in the vibrationally strong-coupling (VSC) limit at finite temperatures and in the presence of a dissipative solvent in both the few and many molecule limits. In the context of two simple models we demonstrate how reactivity in the {\em collective} VSC regime does not exhibit altered rate behavior in equilibrium, but may exhibit resonant cavity modification of reactivity when the system is explicitly out of equilibrium. Our results suggest experimental protocols that may be used to modify reactivity in the collective regime and point to features not included in the models studied which demand further scrutiny.
Testing horizon topology with electromagnetic observations
Creators: name: Nampalliwar, Sourabh
name: Suvorov, Arthur G.
name: Kokkotas, Kostas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In general relativity without a cosmological constant, a classical theorem due to Hawking states that stationary black holes must be topologically spherical. This result is one of the several ingredients that collectively imply the uniqueness of the Kerr metric. If, however, general relativity describes gravity inexactly at high energies or over cosmological scales, Hawking's result may not apply, and black holes with non-trivial topology may be, at least mathematically, permissible. While tests involving electromagnetic and gravitational-wave data have been used to place tight constraints on various theoretical departures from a Kerr description of astrophysical black holes, relatively little attention has been paid to topological alternatives. In this paper, we derive a new exact solution in an $f(R)$ theory of gravity which admits topologically non-trivial black holes, and calculate observables like fluorescent K$α$ iron-line profiles and black hole images from hypothetical astrophysical systems which house these objects, to provide a theoretical basis for new tests of black hole nature. On the basis of qualitative comparisons, we show that topologically non-trivial objects would leave a strong imprint on electromagnetic observables and can be easily distinguished from general-relativistic black holes in nearly all cases.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures. Comments welcome
Momentum selectivity and anisotropy effects in the nitrogen K-edge resonant inelastic X-ray scattering from GaN
Creators: name: Strocov, V. N.
name: Schmitt, T.
name: Rubensson, J. -E.
name: Blaha, P.
name: Paskova, T.
name: Nilsson, P. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution soft X-ray emission and absorption spectra near the N K-edge of wurtzite GaN are presented. The experimental data are interpreted in terms of band structure based full-potential electronic structure calculations. The absorption spectra, compared with calculations including core hole screening, indicate partial core hole screening in the absorption process. The resonant emission spectra demonstrate pronounced dispersions of the spectral structures, identifying effects of momentum conservation due to resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) with anisotropic electronic structure of GaN. In view of a wide range of optoelectronic applications of GaN, our findings on the momentum selectivity in RIXS can be utilized in development of GaN based nanoelectronics devices by controlling direct vs indirect band gap character of GaN nanostructures.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Interpreting What Typical Fault Signals Look Like via Prototype-matching
Creators: name: Chen, Qian
name: Dong, Xingjian
name: Peng, Zhike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural networks, with powerful nonlinear mapping and classification capabilities, are widely applied in mechanical fault diagnosis to ensure safety. However, being typical black-box models, their application is limited in high-reliability-required scenarios. To understand the classification logic and explain what typical fault signals look like, the prototype matching network (PMN) is proposed by combining the human-inherent prototype-matching with autoencoder (AE). The PMN matches AE-extracted feature with each prototype and selects the most similar prototype as the prediction result. It has three interpreting paths on classification logic, fault prototypes, and matching contributions. Conventional diagnosis and domain generalization experiments demonstrate its competitive diagnostic performance and distinguished advantages in representation learning. Besides, the learned typical fault signals (i.e., sample-level prototypes) showcase the ability for denoising and extracting subtle key features that experts find challenging to capture. This ability broadens human understanding and provides a promising solution from interpretability research to AI-for-Science.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables
Demand Curve Effects in Experimental Auctions: The Effect of Quantity Already Owned
Creators: name: Colson, Gregory
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Rousu, Matthew C.
name: Colson, Gregory
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Rousu, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis

description: Most studies utilizing experimental auction mechanisms to elicit consumers’ willingness to pay are designed to avoid potential substitution or demand-curve effects that may influence bid prices. However, previous research and auction designs have not considered the potential impact on bid prices of commodity inventories held by auction participants that were obtained through transactions outside of the auction. This omission may present a problem for interpreting and analyzing auction data. Using bids from a random nth-price auction of fresh vegetables conducted in a laboratory style setting, we test whether participants’ outside inventories affect bidding behavior. We find that bidders do in fact consider their inventories, resulting in lower bid prices by individuals with quantity already owned.
Additional file 1 of Incidence of malignancy in patients with common variable immunodeficiency according to therapeutic delay: an Italian retrospective, monocentric cohort study
Creators: name: Pedini, Veronica
name: Verga, Jacopo Umberto
name: Terrenato, Irene
name: Menghini, Denise
name: Mezzanotte, Cristina
name: Danieli, Maria Giovanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison between cancer/no cancer patients and diagnostic and therapeutic delays categorized by different cut-off.
Caribboecetes intermedius Just 1984
Creators: name: Sir, Sally J.
name: White, Kristine N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Ischyroceridae
Caribboecetes
Caribboecetes intermedius

description: Caribboecetes intermedius Just, 1984
Figs 4, 31 D
Caribboecetes intermedius Just, 1984: 48, 49, figs 9, 10.
Caribboecetes sp.: Ortiz and Lemaitre 1994: 124.
Caribboecetes justi: Ortiz and Lemaitre 1997: 82–85, figs 10–14.
Material examined.
Panama • 1.1–4 mm • 7 ♂, 11 ♀, 12 juveniles; Bocas del Toro, Crawl Caye, 9.2449°N, 82.1383°W; depth 1.5–2.4 m, in sand; 11 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1743945 • 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 7 juveniles; Bocas del Toro, Crawl Caye; 9.2475°N, 82.1290°W; depth 4.6 m, in sand; 12 Aug 2021; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1743946 • 1 ♀; Bocas del Toro, Bocas del Drago; 9.4134°N, 82.3334°W; depth 1–3 m, in sand; 23 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1743947 • 3 ♂, 7 ♀; Bocas del Toro, Drago Beach; 9.4171°N, 82.3248°W; 0–1 m, in sand; 27 June 2023; K. N. White leg.; USNM 1743948.
Diagnosis.
Rostrum acute, reaching beyond eye lobes. Coxae 1–4 ventral margin with long setae; coxa 2 with plumose setae; coxae 3 and 4 anterodistal margins subtruncate. Gnathopod 2 propodus posterior margin with 1–3 robust setae. Pereopod 7 anterior and posterior margins with long, plumose setae.
Distribution.
Barbados: Bath (Just 1984); Colombia: Barú, Islas del Rosario, Gulf of Morrosquillo (Ortiz and Lemaitre 1997); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).
Ecology and remarks.
Caribboecetes intermedius is a tube dwelling species that occurs in sand at depths of 1–3 m. Gnathopod 2, propodus posterior margin with robust setae (number of robust setae varying with size). After observing the type specimens for Caribboecetes justi and Caribboecetes intermedius, we believe that they are the same species. Panamanian specimens agree closely with previous descriptions of both species. Live specimens are yellow-white in color with brown markings on head and antennae.
description: Published as part of Sir, Sally J. & White, Kristine N., 2025, Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part IV: parvorder Caprellidira, pp. 151-205 in ZooKeys 1234 on pages 151-205, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.145826
Interpretation of 3D CNNs for Brain MRI Data Classification
Creators: name: Kan, Maxim
name: Aliev, Ruslan
name: Rudenko, Anna
name: Drobyshev, Nikita
name: Petrashen, Nikita
name: Kondrateva, Ekaterina
name: Sharaev, Maxim
name: Bernstein, Alexander
name: Burnaev, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep learning shows high potential for many medical image analysis tasks. Neural networks can work with full-size data without extensive preprocessing and feature generation and, thus, information loss. Recent work has shown that the morphological difference in specific brain regions can be found on MRI with the means of Convolution Neural Networks (CNN). However, interpretation of the existing models is based on a region of interest and can not be extended to voxel-wise image interpretation on a whole image. In the current work, we consider the classification task on a large-scale open-source dataset of young healthy subjects -- an exploration of brain differences between men and women. In this paper, we extend the previous findings in gender differences from diffusion-tensor imaging on T1 brain MRI scans. We provide the voxel-wise 3D CNN interpretation comparing the results of three interpretation methods: Meaningful Perturbations, Grad CAM and Guided Backpropagation, and contribute with the open-source library.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 2 of Two-eyed seeing of the integration of oral health in primary health care in Indigenous populations: a scoping review
Creators: name: Shrivastava, Richa
name: Couturier, Yves
name: Girard, Felix
name: Papineau, Lucie
name: Emami, Elham
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist.
Estimation and Analysis of Expenses of In-Lieu-Fee Projects that Mitigate Damage to Streams from Land Disturbance in North Carolina
Creators: name: Templeton, Scott R.
name: Dumas, Christopher F.
name: Sessions, William T.
name: Victoria, Melanie
name: Templeton, Scott R.
name: Dumas, Christopher F.
name: Sessions, William T.
name: Victoria, Melanie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: As North Carolina’s economy has grown, the need to mitigate adverse impacts of land disturbance on aquatic ecosystems has also grown. When land disturbance adversely affects streams, a developer or the state’s Department of Transportation can satisfy mitigation requirements through payment of fees to the state’s Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP). EEP then manages a stream mitigation project on behalf of the responsible party. EEP has had regulatory authority to require stream mitigation for 10 years. The needs of EEP to reassess its mitigation fee and identify ways to reduce costs of the program have grown over the decade. The first objective of this study was to account for all EEP expenses of design-bid and design-bid-build projects. The second objective was to analyze the determinants of contractual expenses with a cost function. EEP has spent or committed to spend $46.34 million for 45 design-build or designbid-build projects to restore or enhance 191,374 ft. of streams. Expenses per foot have been $242.12. Given its mandate to cover expenses for stream mitigation, EEP must raise mitigation fees, especially those for urban projects, make changes to reduce project expenses, or do both. As the length of a restored or enhanced stream increases, the expenses per foot decrease. The decrease is more pronounced in undeveloped, rural areas. Thus, EEP could produce mitigation for less expense by financing fewer projects with longer reaches or by financing more projects in undeveloped, rural areas. Other states with in-lieu-fee programs for compensatory mitigation might also use these results to reduce contractual expenses.
Many-Body Localization in the Age of Classical Computing
Creators: name: Sierant, Piotr
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Scardicchio, Antonello
name: Vidmar, Lev
name: Zakrzewski, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Statistical mechanics provides a framework for describing the physics of large, complex many-body systems using only a few macroscopic parameters to determine the state of the system. For isolated quantum many-body systems, such a description is achieved via the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which links thermalization, ergodicity and quantum chaotic behavior. However, tendency towards thermalization is not observed at finite system sizes and evolution times in a robust many-body localization (MBL) regime found numerically and experimentally in the dynamics of interacting many-body systems at strong disorder. Although the phenomenology of the MBL regime is well-established, the central question remains unanswered: under what conditions does the MBL regime give rise to an MBL phase in which the thermalization does not occur even in the asymptotic limit of infinite system size and evolution time?
 This review focuses on recent numerical investigations aiming to clarify the status of the MBL phase, and it establishes the critical open questions about the dynamics of disordered many-body systems. Persistent finite size drifts towards ergodicity consistently emerge in spectral properties of disordered many-body systems, excluding naive single-parameter scaling hypothesis and preventing comprehension of the status of the MBL phase. The drifts are related to tendencies towards thermalization and non-vanishing transport observed in the dynamics of many-body systems, even at strong disorder. These phenomena impede understanding of microscopic processes at the ETH-MBL crossover. Nevertheless, the abrupt slowdown of dynamics with increasing disorder strength suggests the proximity of the MBL phase. This review concludes that the questions about thermalization and its failure in disordered many-body systems remain a captivating area open for further explorations.
description: 75 pages, 14 figures, updated version
Turbulence driven by outflow-blown cavities in the molecular cloud of NGC 1333
Creators: name: Quillen, A. C.
name: Thorndike, Stephen L.
name: Cunningham, Andy
name: Frank, Adam
name: Gutermuth, Robert A.
name: Blackman, Eric G.
name: Pipher, Judith L.
name: Ridge, Naomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Outflows from young stellar objects have been identified as a possible source of turbulence in molecular clouds. To investigate the relationship between outflows, cloud dynamics and turbulence, we compare the kinematics of the molecular gas associated with NGC 1333, traced in 13CO(1-0), with the distribution of young stellar objects (YSOs) within. We find a velocity dispersion of ~ 1-1.6 km/s in 13CO that does not significantly vary across the cloud, and is uncorrelated with the number of nearby young stellar outflows identified from optical and submillimeter observations. However, from velocity channel maps we identify about 20 cavities or depressions in the 13CO intensity of scales > 0.1-0.2 pc and velocity widths 1-3 km/s. The cavities exhibit limb brightened rims in both individual velocity channel maps and position velocity diagrams, suggesting that they are slowly expanding. We interpret these cavities to be remnants of past YSO outflow activity: If these cavities are presently empty, they would fill in on time scales of a million years. This can exceed the lifetime of a YSO outflow phase, or the transit time of the central star through the cavity, explaining the the absence of any clear correlation between the cavities and YSO outflows. We find that the momentum and energy deposition associated with the expansion of the cavities is sufficient to power the turbulence in the cloud. In this way we conclude that the cavities are an important intermediary step between the conversion of YSO outflow energy and momentum into cloud turbulent motions.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Check out http://astro.pas.rochester.edu/~aquillen/coolpics.html for channel map and PosVel movies of N1333
Additional file 2 of Voting, health and interventions in healthcare settings: a scoping review
Creators: name: Brown, Chloe L.
name: Danyaal Raza
name: Pinto, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Articles identified by database.
Disk formation and jet inclination effects in Common Envelopes
Creators: name: Lopez-Camara, Diego
name: Mendez, Enrique Moreno
name: De Colle, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution and physics of the common envelope (CE) phase are still not well understood. Jets launched from a compact object during this stage may define the evolutionary outcome of the binary system. We focus on the case in which jets are launched from a neutron star (NS) engulfed in the outer layers of a red giant (RG). We run a set of three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of jets with different luminosities and inclinations. The luminosity of the jet is self-regulated by the mass accretion rate and an efficiency $η$. Depending on the value of $η$ the jet can break out of the BHL bulge ("successful jet") and aligns against the incoming wind, in turn, it will realign in favour of the direction of the wind. The jet varies in size and orientation and may present quiescent and active epochs. The inclination of the jet and the Coriolis and centrifugal forces, only slightly affect the global evolution. As the accretion is hypercritical, and the specific angular momentum is above the critical value for the formation of a disk, we infer the formation of a disk and launching of jets. The disks' mass and size would be $\sim$10$^{-2}$~M$_\odot$ and $\gtrsim 10^{10}$ cm, and it may have rings with different rotation directions. In order to have a successful jet from a white dwarf, the ejection process needs to be very efficient ($η\sim$0.5). For main sequence stars, there is not enough energy reservoir to launch a successful jet.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; submitted to MNRAS
Does Generic Advertising Help or Hurt Brand Advertising?
Creators: name: Suh, Daeseok
name: Chung, Chanjin
name: Suh, Daeseok
name: Chung, Chanjin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: check off
subject: generic advertising
subject: brand advertising
subject: vertical product differentiation

description: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the generic advertising helps or hurts the brand advertising within the differentiated product environments. We develop an analytical model that includes both generic and brand advertising expenditures considering vertical product differentiation. Then the analysis is devoted to examine how marginal effects of expenditure affect each other under product differentiation. To help examine the relationship, we also include a new variable, the degree of product differentiation. Analytical results show that when the generic advertising increases the product differentiation, the high quality brand tends to take benefits while the low quality brand loses. When generic advertising includes messages that do not differentiate quality attributes, the high quality brand loses while the low quality brand takes benefits.
Highway Preferential Attachment Models for Geographic Routing
Creators: name: Gila, Ofek
name: Ozel, Evrim
name: Goodrich, Michael T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.1

description: In the 1960s, the world-renowned social psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted experiments that showed that not only do there exist ``short chains'' of acquaintances between any two arbitrary people, but that these arbitrary strangers are able to find these short chains. This phenomenon, known as the \emph{small-world phenomenon}, is explained in part by any model that has a low diameter, such as the Barabási and Albert's \emph{preferential attachment} model, but these models do not display the same efficient routing that Milgram's experiments showed. In the year 2000, Kleinberg proposed a model with an efficient $\mathcal{O}(\log^2{n})$ greedy routing algorithm. In 2004, Martel and Nguyen showed that Kleinberg's analysis was tight, while also showing that Kleinberg's model had an expected diameter of only $Θ(\log{n})$ -- a much smaller value than the greedy routing algorithm's path lengths. In 2022, Goodrich and Ozel proposed the \emph{neighborhood preferential attachment} model (NPA), combining elements from Barabási and Albert's model with Kleinberg's model, and experimentally showed that the resulting model outperformed Kleinberg's greedy routing performance on U.S. road networks. While they displayed impressive empirical results, they did not provide any theoretical analysis of their model. In this paper, we first provide a theoretical analysis of a generalization of Kleinberg's original model and show that it can achieve expected $\mathcal{O}(\log{n})$ routing, a much better result than Kleinberg's model. We then propose a new model, \emph{windowed NPA}, that is similar to the neighborhood preferential attachment model but has provable theoretical guarantees w.h.p. We show that this model is able to achieve $\mathcal{O}(\log^{1 + ε}{n})$ greedy routing for any $ε> 0$.
description: v1 appeared in the 16th Annual International Conference on Combinatorial Optimization and Applications (COCOA'23) in 2023, 25 pages, 6 figures
Entry, Ownership Form, and Spatial Location: An Analysis of the Hotel Industry
Creators: name: Helmers, Claes Gustav
name: Connor, John M.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Vroom, Govert
name: Helmers, Claes Gustav
name: Connor, John M.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Vroom, Govert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper analyses the impact of ownership type on the locating behavior and capacity choice of prospective entrant hotels. An important aspect which has often been neglected in the entry literature is the relevance of the ownership that defines an establishment. A hotel outlet can be company-owned, franchised, or independently owned. As this is an important driver of the incentive structure for a firm as well as a strategic indicator for its (prospective) competitors, this paper argues that ownership form is a necessary explanatory factor in market conduct analysis. We show using a spatial lag model that a disaggregated analysis provide a good understanding of market interaction among hotels.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/24/09.
Triple unification of inflation, dark energy, and dark matter in two-scalar-field cosmology
Creators: name: Sá, Paulo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A unified description of inflation, dark energy, and dark matter is presented within a two-scalar-field cosmological model. Inflation, assumed to be of the warm type, is driven by one of the scalar fields, which, shortly after the end of the inflationary period, decouples from radiation and begins to oscillate rapidly around the minimum of its potential, thus behaving like cold dark matter; the second scalar field emerges, at recent times, as the dominant component of the universe, giving rise to a second era of accelerated expansion. For certain values of the parameters of the model, the cosmological solutions arising in this triple unification of inflation, dark energy, and dark matter are viable, reproducing the main features of the evolution of the universe.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
Components of multifractality in high-frequency stock returns
Creators: name: Kwapien, J.
name: Oswiecimka, P.
name: Drozdz, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We analyzed multifractal properties of 5-minute stock returns from a period of over two years for 100 highly capitalized American companies. The two sources: fat-tailed probability distributions and nonlinear temporal correlations, vitally contribute to the observed multifractal dynamics of the returns. For majority of the companies the temporal correlations constitute a much more significant related factor, however.
description: to appear in Physica A
Tensile properties of AS-cast AA5182 aluminum alloy close to the solidus temperature
Creators: name: Colley, Leo John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In order to address the demand for accurate property data in the partially solidified state, an experimental apparatus has been developed to enable mechanical property measurements of aluminum alloys at temperatures close to the solidus temperature and strain rates applicable to conventional casting processes. The experimental apparatus has been used to measure the tensile properties of an industrially DC cast AA5182 aluminum alloy in the as-cast condition between 500°C and 580°C, under strain rate conditions of ~10⁻⁴s⁻¹ to ~10⁻²s⁻¹. A digital camera and zoom lens were used to acquire a series of high-resolution images of the specimen diameter during testing, from which the instantaneous dimetral strain was calculated. The commercial finite element software ABAQUS™ was used to develop a 2-D axisymmetric steady-state thermal analysis of the tensile specimen in order to determine accurate deformation temperatures, and thereby the correct mechanical properties. The fracture surfaces and microstructures of the tested specimens have been examined using optical microscopy techniques, SEM and EDX analysis to develop a relationship between the mechanical properties of the alloy and changes in microstructure and fracture behaviour. Literature values of the solidification characteristics of the alloy have also been used to relate the properties and microstructure with fraction liquid. Mechanical property measurements indicate that AA5182 exhibits significant tensile strength up to a temperature of ~570°C and fraction liquid of ~0.05, after which there is a sharp drop in strength. In comparison, ductility decreased steadily with temperature, and complete loss of ductility occurred between 560°C and 570°C dependant on strain rate. Examination of the microstructure and fracture surfaces enabled these mechanical property characteristics to be linked with the presence of intergranular liquid films in the alloy. EDX analysis confirmed that the liquid films consist of melted intermetallic phases that are present in the intergranular region of as-cast alloys as a result of several eutectic reactions during the final stages of solidification.
Additional file 4 of Association of TILs with clinical parameters, Recurrence Score® results, and prognosis in patients with early HER2-negative breast cancer (BC)—a translational analysis of the prospective WSG PlanB trial
Creators: name: Kolberg-Liedtke, Cornelia
name: Gluz, Oleg
name: Heinisch, Fred
name: Feuerhake, Friedrich
name: Kreipe, Hans
name: Clemens, Michael
name: Nuding, Benno
name: Malter, Wolfram
name: Reimer, Toralf
name: Wuerstlein, Rachel
name: Graeser, Monika
name: Shak, Steve
name: Nitz, Ulrike
name: Kates, Ronald
name: Christgen, Matthias
name: Harbeck, Nadia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Associations between sTIL categories and clinical / pathological variables by HR-status. sTIL categories were defined as “low sTILs” (0-10 % sTILs), “intermediate sTILs” (11-50 % sTILs) and “high sTILs” (51-100% sTILs).
Anagyrus Howard 1896
Creators: name: Lotfalizadeh, Hossein
name: Karimpour, Younes
name: Delvare, Gérard
name: Rasplus, Jean-Yves
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Encyrtidae
Anagyrus

description: Anagyrus near alienus Japoshvili, 2012
Fig. 1  Material examined
 IRAN – West-Azarbaijan Province • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Urmia, Häshtïan; 37º47′ N, 44º39′ E; 1680 m a.s.l.; Apr. –early May 2017; Y. Karimpour leg., ex Phragmites australis; HMIM • 3 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; Urmia, Hesar-e Türkmän; 37º26′ N, 45º13′ E; 1293 m a.s.l.; Apr. 2017; Y. Karimpour leg., ex Phragmites australis; HMIM • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Urmia, Täzehkand-e Qäterchï; 37º39′ N, 44º58′ E; 1335 m a.s.l.; Apr. –early May 2017; Y. Karimpour leg., ex Phragmites australis; HMIM.   Remarks
 Our specimens possess all the diagnostic characters of A. alienus, but the females are slightly larger (2.2 mm) than the type specimens of A. alienus (1.7 mm). Furthermore, the scape (Fig. 1B) is also slightly wider than in A. alienus (about 2.5 × vs 3.3× as long as broad in A. alienus), consequently our specimens could represent an undescribed species. Anagyrus alienus was previously known from Turkey and our sampling locality is close to the type locality. The biology of A. alienus is unknown (Japoshvili 2012). Our sampling reveals an association of A. near alienus with P. australis, on which it is associated with a species of Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera) that appears to be a pest of P. australis.
description: Published as part of Lotfalizadeh, Hossein, Karimpour, Younes, Delvare, Gérard & Rasplus, Jean-Yves, 2020, Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) obtained from common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (Poaceae) in Iran with new records and descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-35 in European Journal of Taxonomy 710 on page 4, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.710, http://zenodo.org/record/4011124
Measurement of the doubly Cabibbo suppressed decay $D^0 \to K^+π^-$ and a search for charm mixing
Creators: name: FOCUS Collaboration
name: Link, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the decay $D^0 \to K^+π^-$ based on FOCUS data. From a sample of 234 signal events, we find a branching ratio of $\frac{Γ(D^0 \to K^+π^-)}{Γ(D^0 \to K^-π^+)} = (0.429^{+0.063}_{-0.061}\pm 0.027)%$ under the assumptions of no mixing and no CP violation. Allowing for CP violation, we find a branching ratio of $(0.429 \pm 0.063 \pm 0.028)%$ and a \textit{CP} asymmetry of $0.18 \pm 0.14 \pm 0.04$. The branching ratio for the case of mixing with no CP violation is $(0.381^{+0.167}_{-0.163} \pm 0.092)%$. We also present limits on charm mixing.
description: As accepted by Physics Letters B
Carrier-envelope phase effects in Laser Wakefield Acceleration with near-single-cycle pulses
Creators: name: Huijts, Julius
name: Andriyash, Igor
name: Rovige, Lucas
name: Vernier, Aline
name: Faure, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Driving laser wakefield acceleration with extremely short, near single-cycle laser pulses is crucial to the realisation of an electron source that can operate at kHz-repetition rate while relying on modest laser energy. It is also interesting from a fundamental point of view, as the ponderomotive approximation is no longer valid for such short pulses. Through particle-in-cell simulations, we show how the plasma response becomes asymmetric in the plane of laser polarization, and dependent on the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the laser pulse. For the case of self-injection, this in turn strongly affects the initial conditions of injected electrons, causing collective betatron oscillations of the electron beam. As a result, the electron beam pointing, electron energy spectrum and the direction of emitted betatron radiation become CEP-dependent. For injection in a density gradient the effect on beam pointing is reduced and the electron energy spectrum is CEP-independent, as electron injection is mostly longitudinal and mainly determined by the density gradient. Our results highlight the importance of controlling the CEP in this regime for producing stable and reproducible relativistic electron beams and identify how CEP effects may be observed in experiments. In the future, CEP control may become an additional tool to control the energy spectrum or pointing of the accelerated electron beam.
description: In the second version: - An analysis of Betatron radiation is added - An analysis of Circular polarization is added to the Supplementary Material (see Ancillary files) - More emphasis is on the fact that the goal of the paper is to identify observables of CEP effects. A pdf indicating all changes is included in the Ancillary files
Exploring Hilbert-Space Fragmentation on a Superconducting Processor
Creators: name: Wang, Yong-Yi
name: Shi, Yun-Hao
name: Sun, Zheng-Hang
name: Chen, Chi-Tong
name: Wang, Zheng-An
name: Zhao, Kui
name: Liu, Hao-Tian
name: Ma, Wei-Guo
name: Wang, Ziting
name: Li, Hao
name: Zhang, Jia-Chi
name: Liu, Yu
name: Deng, Cheng-Lin
name: Li, Tian-Ming
name: He, Yang
name: Liu, Zheng-He
name: Peng, Zhen-Yu
name: Song, Xiaohui
name: Xue, Guangming
name: Yu, Haifeng
name: Huang, Kaixuan
name: Xiang, Zhongcheng
name: Zheng, Dongning
name: Xu, Kai
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isolated interacting quantum systems generally thermalize, yet there are several counterexamples for the breakdown of ergodicity, such as many-body localization and quantum scars. Recently, ergodicity breaking has been observed in systems subjected to linear potentials, termed Stark many-body localization. This phenomenon is closely associated with Hilbert-space fragmentation, characterized by a strong dependence of dynamics on initial conditions. Here, we experimentally explore initial-state dependent dynamics using a ladder-type superconducting processor with up to 24 qubits, which enables precise control of the qubit frequency and initial state preparation. In systems with linear potentials, we observe distinct non-equilibrium dynamics for initial states with the same quantum numbers and energy, but with varying domain wall numbers. This distinction becomes increasingly pronounced as the system size grows, in contrast with disordered interacting systems. Our results provide convincing experimental evidence of the fragmentation in Stark systems, enriching our understanding of the weak breakdown of ergodicity.
description: main text: 7 pages, 4 figures; supplementary: 13 pages, 14 figures
Experimental Testbeds for ECOSEL: A Market Framework for Private Provision of Forest Ecosystem Services
Creators: name: Toth, Sandor F.
name: Rabotyagov, Sergey S.
name: Ettl, Gregory J.
name: Toth, Sandor F.
name: Rabotyagov, Sergey S.
name: Ettl, Gregory J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We attempt to design a market framework (which we call ECOSEL) for private provision of forest ecosystem services. ECOSEL is a non-regulatory framework that uses a voluntary public good provision mechanism (in a form of an auction) in conjunction with a multiobjective optimization algorithm to create a market for forest ecosystem services. It is expected to be attractive to the demand side of the ecosystem service market since only Pareto-efficient bundles of services are offered for auction, and it is expected to be attractive to the supply side as well by creating a source of non-timber income for forest landowners. ECOSEL is capable of flexible response to demand for other relevant dimensions of forest-related environmental amenities such as biodiversity, viewshed or recreational services. Following Roth’s (2002) advice on behavior of economists as “market engineers”, we use both experimental economics to improve the design of the ecosystem services market. Concurrently, we provide experimental evidence on the efficiency and revenue-generating properties of a multi-good subscription game of incomplete information.
Asitus Erdos 1955
Creators: name: Lotfalizadeh, Hossein
name: Karimpour, Younes
name: Delvare, Gérard
name: Rasplus, Jean-Yves
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Encyrtidae
Asitus

description: Asitus sp.
Fig. 2  Material examined
 IRAN • 1 ♂; West-Azarbaijan Province, Urmia, Hesar-e Türkmän; 37º26′ N, 45º13′ E; 1293 m a.s.l.; Apr. 2017; Y. Karimpour leg.; ex Phragmites australis; HMIM.   Remarks
 Asitus phragmitis (Ferrière, 1955) is a parasitoid of Pseudococcidae on Phragmites australis in the Caucasus, several European countries, USA and Pakistan (Ferrière 1955; Guerrieri 1989; Noyes 2020). Our specimen is closely related to A. phragmitis and shares several characters with that species: body
 dorsoventrally flattened; head prognathous, head and mesosoma finely reticulate; antennae inserted just above clypeus and widely separated from each other; pronotum divided into two subtriangular parts; notauli absent; scutellum wider than long, about 1.9× as wide as long, anteriorly reaching the base of the tegula. However, it differs from A. phragmitis in several characters (Table 2) and in our opinion very probably represents a new species. Because we only sampled a single male, we will not describe this species and await further samples.
description: Published as part of Lotfalizadeh, Hossein, Karimpour, Younes, Delvare, Gérard & Rasplus, Jean-Yves, 2020, Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) obtained from common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (Poaceae) in Iran with new records and descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-35 in European Journal of Taxonomy 710 on pages 4-7, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.710, http://zenodo.org/record/4011124
Additional file 1 of Two-eyed seeing of the integration of oral health in primary health care in Indigenous populations: a scoping review
Creators: name: Shrivastava, Richa
name: Couturier, Yves
name: Girard, Felix
name: Papineau, Lucie
name: Emami, Elham
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Medline Search Strategy.