cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
$^{10}$B+$α$ states with chain-like structures in $^{14}$N
Creators: name: Kanada-En'yo, Yoshiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I investigate $^{10}$B+$α$ cluster states of $^{14}$N with a $^{10}$B+$α$ cluster model. Near the $α$-decay threshold energy, I obtain $K^π=3^+$ and $K^π=1^+$ rotational bands having $^{10}$B($3^+$)+$α$ and $^{10}$B($1^+$)+$α$ components, respectively. I assign the band-head state of the $K^π=3^+$ band to the experimental $3^+$ at $E_x$=13.19 MeV of $^{14}$N observed in $α$ scattering reactions by $^{10}$B and show that the calculated $α$-decay width is consistent with the experimental data. I discuss an $α$-cluster motion around the $^{10}$B cluster and show that $^{10}$B+$α$ cluster states contain significant components of a linear-chain 3$α$ configuration, in which an $α$ cluster is localized in the longitudinal direction around the deformed $^{10}$B cluster.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
Voter turnout and abstention pricing: quasi-experimental evidence on the effects of a marginal increase in the monetary enforcement of compulsory voting
Creators: name: Horni, Pascal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: In political science literature, it is often argued that compulsory voting can serve as a remedy against turnout inequality and thereby contribute to more egalitarian societies. However, the literature neglects differences between compulsory voting systems, and most studies consider the obligation to vote as a dichotomous variable. As a result, relatively little is known about the causal effects of particular stimuli and features of compulsory voting. By exploiting quasi-experimental conditions from direct-democratic decision-making in Switzerland, this research assesses the degree to which abstention fines account for a citizen’s willingness to vote under a compulsory voting context. The findings reveal that a marginal increase in monetary sanctions for voter-abstention leads temporally to a sizeable increase in turnout. However, it does not necessarily contribute to the expression of preferences by those traditionally underrepresented in direct-democratic decision-making since a third of those motivated to vote by the threat of a heavier fine will cast an empty or invalid ballot. The effect on turnout is further found to be moderated by income.
Well, you’re the expert: how signals of source expertise help mitigate partisan bias
Creators: name: Ozer, Adam
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Using low information rationality, citizens can compensate for their lack of political knowledge by turning to experts to help interpret and economize information. However, citizens must navigate a political media environment that is oversaturated with unqualified sources and competing cues, leading some scholars to question whether individuals are willing or able to utilize low-information rationality effectively. Much prior work focuses on partisan motivated reasoning, asserting that the influence of partisanship overwhelms that of other relevant informational cues. This is refuted by a relatively smaller subset of works, finding that the influence of partisanship is often diminished by contextual cues. I address this debate with two experimental designs that place source cues in a competing context by simultaneously manipulating expertise-related cues and partisan cues. I find that individuals do take source expertise and credibility into account, even when confronted with competing partisan source cues, helping to somewhat mitigate partisan biases.
Large-scale anomalies in the cosmic microwave background as signatures of non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Adhikari, Saroj
name: Shandera, Sarah
name: Erickcek, Adrienne L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a general expression for the probability of observing deviations from statistical isotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) if the primordial fluctuations are non-Gaussian and extend to superhorizon scales. The primary motivation is to properly characterize the monopole and dipole modulations of the primordial power spectrum that are generated by the coupling between superhorizon and subhorizon perturbations. Unlike previous proposals for generating the hemispherical power asymmetry, we do not assume that the power asymmetry results from a single large superhorizon mode. Instead, we extrapolate the observed power spectrum to superhorizon scales and compute the power asymmetry that would result from a specific realization of non-Gaussian perturbations on scales larger than the observable universe. Our study encompasses many of the scenarios that have been put forward as possible explanations for the CMB hemispherical power asymmetry. We confirm our analytic predictions for the probability of a given power asymmetry by comparing them to numerical realizations of CMB maps. We find that non-local models of non-Gaussianity and scale-dependent local non-Gaussianity produce scale-dependent modulations of the power spectrum, thereby potentially producing both a monopolar and a dipolar power modulation on large scales. We then provide simple examples of finding the posterior distributions for the parameters of the bispectrum from the observed monopole and dipole modulations.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures; v2: minor changes to match the PRD accepted version
Harnessing bacterial electroactivity with materials science and synthetic biology
Creators: name: Dundas, Christopher Michael
name: 0000-0001-9183-8236
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Synthetic biology
Materials science
Biological electron transfer

description: Biotechnology has been transformed by increased cellular control over molecular products and processes. The fields of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have standardized methods for biosynthesizing chemicals and progressed development of novel vaccines, genetic therapies, and transgenic organisms. Despite these significant advances, cellular programmability has largely stopped short of controlling the non-biological world – forward bioengineering of abiotic and inorganic processes, such as bio-electronic interfaces and material syntheses, remains a substantial challenge. To realize the benefits of engineered biology with such technologies, chassis organisms and extracellular pathways that connect genetics with inorganic transformations are required. In this work, we develop the electroactive bacterium Shewanella oneidensis and its extracellular electron transfer pathways as a genetically tunable platform to control redox-driven reactions. To engineer S. oneidensis electroactivity for redox chemistry, we accomplish two overarching objectives. For the first objective, we establish genotype-phenotype relationships between S. oneidensis and material syntheses/transformations that tune material properties and functioning. In Chapter 2, we determine that S. oneidensis activates metal catalysts involved in atom-transfer radical polymerization and that polymerization rate depends on carbon metabolism and expression of key electron transfer proteins. In Chapter 3, we show that S. oneidensis reductively precipitates palladium nanoparticles onto the cell surface and that expression of outer membrane cytochromes and availability of redox-active metabolites alters particle size and cellular localization. In Chapter 4, we demonstrate that S. oneidensis respires onto synthetic mineral analogs (metal-organic frameworks) via outer membrane cytochromes and that these bio-functionalized materials enable chromium remediation. For the second objective, we develop genetic tools to program extracellular electron flux and material formation by S. oneidensis. In Chapter 5, we use transcription/translation regulators and high throughput redox analysis to build plasmid-based logic gates in S. oneidensis that express single extracellular electron transfer proteins and exhibit inducible electroactivity responses, similar to fluorescent protein circuits. In Chapter 6, we leverage one of these S. oneidensis circuits to control radical crosslinking of a semi-synthetic hydrogel and predictably modulate gel stiffness via inducer molecule concentration. Taken together, this work provides new knowledge of S. oneidensis-controlled material transformations and presents a workflow to program extracellular electron transfer using synthetic biology
Education and the geography of Brexit
Creators: name: Jump, Robert Calvert
name: Michell, Jo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: While it is well established that educational attainment is highly correlated with Brexit voting patterns, the predictive capacity of education has attracted less attention. Using full-sample and split-sample exercises, this paper demonstrates that educational attainment alone can correctly classify over 90% of local authorities by voting outcome in the 2016 referendum to leave the EU, depending on the prediction model and classification method used. This illustrates the importance of education as a key factor in the geography of Brexit.
Le genre et la gouvernance foncière en Afrique subsaharienne analysés suivant l’approche du « système hybride »
Creators: name: Nicky Mahamba, Nicole
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: Contrôle de la terre
Beni
RDC
Genre
STDM
Système hybride

description: Plusieurs études théoriques intéressées par l’Afrique subsaharienne, plus particulièrement par la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), abordent dans une perspective de genre, la problématique de l’accès des femmes à la terre. Elles se concentrent sur les restrictions de l’accès à la terre et exposent les failles de la gouvernance foncière. Elles se focalisent, par exemple, sur la dualité dans la gestion foncière, les discriminations et obstacles auxquels sont sujettes les femmes, la non-application de la loi, les pratiques coutumières, etc. L’originalité de la présente thèse consiste à aborder la problématique de l’accès des femmes à la terre et du contrôle qu’elles peuvent concrètement exercer, par le biais d’une étude empirique à Beni, ville du nord-est de la RDC. D’une part, l’objectif est d’étudier le niveau auquel un outil « hybride », soit le modèle du domaine de la tenure sociale (STDM), a été intégré ou adapté par les acteurs afin d’être plus acceptable pour le système d’administration foncière étatique existant, en RDC, qui est un système rigide. D’autre part, analyser la sensibilité du STDM aux enjeux de genre relatives au foncier. L’étude se fonde sur la revue de la littérature et sur une analyse qualitative des résultats. Ceux-ci ont été classés par thématiques. Les analyses ont révélé que le STDM a fonctionné parallèlement avec le système préexistant. Il a quand même influencé le système d’administration foncière. Pourtant, ce système hybride n’a pas effectivement résolu les conflits fonciers, sécurisé les droits des pauvres et surtout des femmes pauvres. Les documents initiaux du projet ne priorisent pas les questions genre. Ainsi, ce dernier thème suscite une incompréhension ou une indifférence de la part des parties prenantes.
Supported Education in der Schweiz : Hilfe für junge Erwachsene beim Übertritt in das Berufsleben
Creators: name: Sabatella, Filomena
name: Von Wyl, Agnes
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2017
Subjects: Supported education
Arbeitsintegration
Emerging adulthood
331: Arbeitsökonomie
616.89: Psychische Störungen, klinische Psychologie und Psychiatrie

description: Supported Education (SEd) bezeichnet die Begleitung von jungen Erwachsenen mit Beeinträchtigungen – in der Regel psychische Krankheiten – während der Lehre im ersten Arbeitsmarkt. Die Begleitung wird durch einen Job Coach durchgeführt. SEd soll den jungen Erwachsenen die nötige Unterstützung zum erfolgreichen Abschluss der Lehre bieten und dadurch eine langfristige Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt ermöglichen. In der Schweiz gibt es zahlreiche Institutionen, die SEd anbieten. Es ist jedoch unklar, wie viele junge Erwachsene dieses Angebot in Anspruch nehmen und nach welchem Beratungsverständnis und welchen Konzepten gearbeitet wird. In der Schweiz wurde SEd bisher von der Forschung wenig beachtet. In der ersten Phase des Projekts wurden SEd-Anbieter mittels Online-Fragebogen befragt. Der Fragebogen enthielt Fragen zur Anzahl junge Erwachsene die dieses Angebot zurzeit in Anspruch nehmen, zur Gestaltung der Betreuung der und einige Fragen zu Konzepten und Beratungsverständnis. In der zweiten Phase wurde anhand von qualitativen Interviews die Lebenswelt der jungen Erwachsene im SEd untersucht. Es wurde nicht nur ihre Perspektive berücksichtigt, sondern auch die der Job Coachs und der Arbeitgeber. In der dritten Phase wurden schliesslich die bisherigen Ergebnisse verdichtet und zur fundierten Abstützung in einer Expertengruppe reflektiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: • Supported Education ist in der Schweiz ein sehr heterogenes Angebot • Es bestehen gegenüber psychisch Kranke noch immer grosse Vorurteile • Die jungen Erwachsenen im Supported Education leiden häufig unter Selbststigmatisierung. Sie setzten sich kaum mit diesem Teil ihrer Biografie auseinander • Transparente Kommunikation gegenüber dem Arbeitgeber ist massgebend, ansonsten wird dies als Vertrauensbruch erlebt • Erfolgsfaktoren sind vor allem an das Individuum gebunden (Motivation, Beziehung, etc.)
Preparation of Fe-filled MOF-Al-based hydrogel for efficient reclaim of phosphate from wastewater and reusing as a slow-release fertilizer
Creators: name: Wang, Zhengxian
name: Lu, Jiankang
name: Wu, Chengyi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In this study, a novel Fe-filled MOF-Al-based hydrogel (SA@Fe@MOF-Al) was prepared and charcterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The SA@Fe@MOF-Al hydrogel bead was used as adsorbent to adsorb H2PO4- from wastewater. The effects on adsorption were investigated, including pH and coexist ion. The adsorption reached equilibrium within 30 min. The maximum H2PO4- adsorption capacity of SA@Fe@MOF-Al was 103.09 mg/g at 298 K with pH 7.0. Meanwhile, thermodynamic results confirmed that adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption kinetics displayed that SA@Fe@MOF-Al adsorption process was suitable to the pseudo-first-order and Langmuir model. Moreover, the feasibility of reusing the P-laden carrier material as a slow-release fertilizer (SRF) was determined. The study results indicated that the product demonstrated excellent slow-release and water-retention properties. Thus, it has potential applications in improving soil moisture content and reducing soil moisture evaporation rate. A simple and effective method was employed to prepare SA@Fe@MOF-Al hydrogel bead. The SA@Fe@MOF-Al hydrogel bead exhibited excellent selectivity and adsorption property for H2PO4-. Various adsorption models were used to investigate the adsorption mechanism. Electrostatic attraction and anion exchange played the major effects in adsorption process. The phosphate-enrich carrier material could be used as a slow-release P-fertilizer. The developed fertilizer has excellent application prospect in agriculture and horticulture.
Supplementary Material from Modelling transport and mean age of dense core vesicles in large axonal arbours.
Creators: name: I. A. Kuznetsov
name: A. V. Kuznetsov
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: A model simulating the transport of dense core vesicles (DCVs) in type II axonal terminals of Drosophila motoneurons has been developed. The morphology of type II terminals is characterized by the large number of en passant boutons. The lack of both scaled-up DCV transport and scaled-down DCV capture in boutons results in a less efficient supply of DCVs to distal boutons. Furthermore, the large number of boutons that DCVs pass as they move anterogradely until they reach the most distal bouton may lead to the capture of a majority of DCVs before they turn around in the most distal bouton to move in the retrograde direction. This may lead to a reduced retrograde flux of DCVs and a lack of DCV circulation in type II terminals. The developed model simulates DCV concentrations in boutons, DCV fluxes between the boutons, age density distributions of DCVs and the mean age of DCVs in various boutons. Unlike published experimental observations, our model predicts DCV circulation in type II terminals after these terminals are filled to saturation. This disagreement is likely because experimentally observed terminals were not at steady state, but rather were accumulating DCVs for later release. Our estimates show that the number of DCVs in the transiting state is much smaller than that in the resident state. DCVs travelling in the axon, rather than DCVs transiting in the terminal, may provide a reserve of DCVs for replenishing boutons after a release. The techniques for modelling transport of DCVs developed in our paper can be used to model the transport of other organelles in axons.
Gamma-proteobacteria detected in the digestive gland of the vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus
Creators: name: KÁDÁR, Enikõ
name: BETTENCOURT, Raul
name: LOBO-DA-CUNHA, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2006

description: Bacterial endosymbiosis is widespread in hydrothermal vent bivalves, and is typically developed in gill bacterio-
 cytes, while it has never been described in the digestive gland. Using ultrastructural examination and DNA amplification
 analyses, we provide evidence for the existence of a potentially new group of environmental bacteria in the digestive gland
 of Bathymodiolus azoricus, which are genetically distinct from sulphur-oxidiser endosymbionts in its gills. The 16S rRNA
 partial gene sequences showed 99% identity in the gill and the digestive gland. Our results indicate that the same bacteria
 phylotypes are associated with different tissues in the host, and also that they do not result from a random infestation by
 free-living forms.
The Hessian Sobolev inequality and its extensions
Creators: name: Verbitsky, Igor E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Hessian Sobolev inequality of X.-J. Wang, and the Hessian Poincaré inequalities of Trudinger and Wang are fundamental to differential and conformal geometry, and geometric PDE. These remarkable inequalities were originally established via gradient flow methods. In this paper, direct elliptic proofs are given, and extensions to trace inequalities with general measures in place of Lebesgue measure are obtained. The new techniques rely on global estimates of solutions to Hessian equations in terms of Wolff's potentials, and duality arguments making use of a non-commutative inner product on the cone of k-convex functions.
description: To appear in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - Series A, December, 2015
Analysis of innate and acquired resistance to anti-CD20 antibodies in malignant and nonmalignant B cells
Creators: name: Small, George W.
name: Richards, Kristy L.
name: McLeod, Howard L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab, provides a significant therapeutic benefit for patients with B-cell disorders. However, response to therapy varies and relapses are common, so an understanding of both inherited and acquired rituximab resistance is needed. In order to identify mechanisms of inherited resistance, sensitive versus resistant individuals were selected from a survey of 92 immortalized lymphoblastoid B-cell lines from normal individuals. Levels of CD20 protein and surface expression were lower in the resistant group. In contrast, CD20 mRNA levels were not correlated with susceptibility, suggesting regulation at a post-transcriptional level. To examine acquired resistance, resistant sublines were selected from both lymphoblastoid as well as lymphoma cell lines. Confirming previous findings, there was significant down-regulation of CD20 protein expression in all the resistant sublines. CD20 mRNA splice variants are reported to be associated with development of resistance. Three splice variants were observed in our cell lines, each lacking the binding epitope for rituximab, but none were associated with rituximab resistance. The second generation anti-CD20 mAb, ofatumumab, was more active compared with rituximab in vitro in the survey of all B-cell lines, mirroring results that have been reported previously with malignant B-cells. These studies show that normal B-lymphoblastoid cell lines can be used to model both innate and acquired mechanisms of resistance. They validate the important role of CD20 expression and enable future genetic studies to identify additional mediators of anti-CD20 mAb resistance.
ONTOGENY OF OSMOREGULATION IN THE SHRIMP PENAEUS-JAPONICUS
Creators: name: Bouaricha, N.
name: Charmantier, G.
name: Charmantierdaures, M.
name: Thuet, P.
name: Trilles, J. P.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1991

description: The ontogeny of osmoregulatory structures has been studied during the post-embryonic development of Penaeus japonicus. Osmoregulatory epithelia occur progressively in branchiostegites, pleurae, gills and epipodites of different larval and postlarval stages. Several events were concurently observed: - Salinigy tolerance increases progressively after metamorphosis. - Osmoregulation shifts in postlarvae; maximum capacity to osmoregulate is established in stages PL5-PL6. - Na+-K+ ATPase activity increases progressively. Interrelationships can be drawn between the changes. It is again demonstrated that morphological, anatomical, eco-ethological and physiological changes are closely interrelated at metamorphosis.
Evolution of male life histories and age-dependent sexual signals under female choice
Creators: name: Adamson, Joel J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Sexual selection theory models evolution of sexual signals and preferences using simple life histories. However, life-history models predict that males benefit from increasing sexual investment approaching old age, producing age-dependent sexual traits. Age-dependent traits require time and energy to grow, and will not fully mature before individuals enter mating competition. Early evolutionary stages pose several problems for these traits. Age-dependent traits suffer from strong viability selection and gain little benefit from mate choice when rare. Few males will grow large traits, and they will rarely encounter choosy females. The evolutionary origins of age-dependent traits therefore remain unclear. I used numerical simulations to analyze evolution of preferences, condition (viability) and traits in an age-structured population. Traits in the model depended on age and condition (“good genes”) in a population with no genetic drift. I asked (1) if age-dependent indicator traits and their preferences can originate depending on the strength of selection and the size of the trait; (2) which mode of development (age-dependent versus age-independent) eventually predominates when both modes occur in the population; and (3) if age-independent traits can invade a population with age-dependent traits. Age-dependent traits evolve under weaker selection and at smaller sizes than age-independent traits. This result held in isolation and when the types co-occur. Evolution of age-independent traits depends only on trait size, whereas evolution of age-dependent traits depends on both strength of selection and growth rate. Invasion of age-independence into populations with established traits followed a similar pattern with age-dependence predominating at small trait sizes. I suggest that reduced adult mortality facilitates sexual selection by favoring the evolution of age-dependent sexual signals under weak selection.
Matrix Poincaré, Φ-Sobolev inequalities, and quantum ensembles
Creators: name: Cheng, Hao-Chung
name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Sobolev-type inequalities have been extensively studied in the frameworks of real-valued functions and non-commutative $\mathbb{L}_p$ spaces, and have proven useful in bounding the time evolution of classical/quantum Markov processes, among many other applications. In this paper, we consider yet another fundamental setting - matrix-valued functions - and prove new Sobolev-type inequalities for them. Our technical contributions are two-fold: (i) we establish a series of matrix Poincaré inequalities for separably convex functions and general functions with Gaussian unitary ensembles inputs; and (ii) we derive $Φ$-Sobolev inequalities for matrix-valued functions defined on Boolean hypercubes and for those with Gaussian distributions. Our results recover the corresponding classical inequalities (i.e.~real-valued functions) when the matrix has one dimension. Finally, as an application of our technical outcomes, we derive the upper bounds for a fundamental entropic quantity - the Holevo quantity - in quantum information science since classical-quantum channels are a special instance of matrix-valued functions. This is obtained through the equivalence between the constants in the strong data processing inequality and the $Φ$-Sobolev inequality.
Preliminary biological characterization of the Saldanha hydrothermal field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36º34'N, 32º26'W, 2200 m)
Creators: name: BISCOITO, Manuel
name: ALMEIDA, Armando J.
name: SEGONZAC, Michel
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2006

description: A preliminary description of the biology of the Saldanha hydrothermal field in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36º34'N,
 32º26'W, 2200 m) is given, based on direct observation, video images and samples. Venting occurs mainly in a diffuse way
 through sediment, but hydrothermal fluid discharges are visible through centimeter-long orifices, scattered on the sediment,
 over an area of approximately 400 m2, at depths between 2,200 and 2,220 metres. Emitted fluids are transparent, with a
 temperature of 7-9ºC. An almost complete absence of macro- and megafauna around the venting orifices was found. The
 only vent invertebrate identified was the gastropod Phymorhynchus sp., with only two juvenile specimens caught. A careful
 examination of the images taken at these orifices showed bacteria-like filaments undulating with fluid discharge. At the
 level of the benthic bathyal megafauna the dominant species seemed to be the sponge Cinachyra sp. (Demospongiae,
 Spirophorida, Tetillidae). At least 4 species of fish are new records from the area.
Warming increases the top-down effects and metabolism of a subtidal herbivore
Creators: name: Bruno, John F.
name: Carr, Lindsey A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Ecological theory and experiments indicate that warming can increase the relative strength of top-down effects via alterations to metabolic rates in several different systems, thereby resulting in decreased plant biomass at higher temperatures. However, the general influence of increased environmental temperature on top-down effects is not well understood in systems where organisms experience relatively large variation in temperature. Rapid ocean temperature changes are pervasive throughout the Galápagos Islands due to upwelling and downwelling of internal waves, ENSO events and seasonality. We measured the effect of large, but not uncommon, water temperature variation on the metabolism and grazing rate of a common subtidal herbivore and on photosynthesis of their algal prey in the Galápagos Islands in July 2012. We found that green urchin consumption and metabolism were greater at the higher temperature treatment (28°C), resulting in significantly less algal biomass. Our result that warming increased green urchin metabolic rates, even in a highly dynamic system, provides further support for a mechanistic link between environmental temperature and feeding rates. And further, our findings suggest individual response to temperature results in changes in top-down effects. And if this response is maintained over longer-time scales of days to weeks, this could translate to alterations of larger-scale ecological patterns, such as primary producer community composition and structure.
Supplementary Material from Modelling transport and mean age of dense core vesicles in large axonal arbours
Creators: name: I. A. Kuznetsov
name: A. V. Kuznetsov
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: A model simulating the transport of dense core vesicles (DCVs) in type II axonal terminals of Drosophila motoneurons has been developed. The morphology of type II terminals is characterized by the large number of en passant boutons. The lack of both scaled-up DCV transport and scaled-down DCV capture in boutons results in a less efficient supply of DCVs to distal boutons. Furthermore, the large number of boutons that DCVs pass as they move anterogradely until they reach the most distal bouton, may lead to the capture of a majority of DCVs before they turn around in the most distal bouton to move in the retrograde direction. This may lead to a reduced retrograde flux of DCVs and a lack of DCV circulation in type II terminals. The developed model simulates DCV concentrations in boutons, DCV fluxes between the boutons, age density distributions of DCVs and the mean age of DCVs in various boutons. Unlike published experimental observations, our model predicts DCV circulation in type II terminals after these terminals are filled to saturation. This disagreement is likely because experimentally observed terminals were not at steady-state, but rather were accumulating DCVs for later release. Our estimates show that the number of DCVs in the transiting state is much smaller than that in the resident state. DCVs travelling in the axon, rather than DCVs transiting in the terminal, may provide a reserve of DCVs for replenishing boutons after a release. The techniques for modelling transport of DCVs developed in our paper can be used to model the transport of other organelles in axons.
Seeds and oil polyphenol content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown with different agricultural management
Creators: name: Romani, A.
name: Pinelli, P.
name: Moschini, V.
name: Heimler, D.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2017

description: Using a long term experiment (20 and 11 years of organic cultivation on the same soil), sunflower was cultivated on these soils under organic management and in a different part of the same farm under conventional management. Kernels, teguments and oils were analyzed for their polyphenols content. Five caffeoylquinic acids were identified. No qualitative differences were found in the three cases, while quantitative differences have been pointed out and discussed.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 31 No 2 (2017): Special issue on Metabolomics
Automated analysis of invadopodia dynamics in live cells
Creators: name: Gomez, Shawn M.
name: Cochran, Shelly
name: Bear, James E.
name: Creed, Sarah J.
name: Roadcap, David W.
name: Berginski, Matthew E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Multiple cell types form specialized protein complexes that are used by the cell to actively degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix. These structures are called podosomes or invadopodia and collectively referred to as invadosomes. Due to their potential importance in both healthy physiology as well as in pathological conditions such as cancer, the characterization of these structures has been of increasing interest. Following early descriptions of invadopodia, assays were developed which labelled the matrix underneath metastatic cancer cells allowing for the assessment of invadopodia activity in motile cells. However, characterization of invadopodia using these methods has traditionally been done manually with time-consuming and potentially biased quantification methods, limiting the number of experiments and the quantity of data that can be analysed. We have developed a system to automate the segmentation, tracking and quantification of invadopodia in time-lapse fluorescence image sets at both the single invadopodia level and whole cell level. We rigorously tested the ability of the method to detect changes in invadopodia formation and dynamics through the use of well-characterized small molecule inhibitors, with known effects on invadopodia. Our results demonstrate the ability of this analysis method to quantify changes in invadopodia formation from live cell imaging data in a high throughput, automated manner.
Salin_procb_ESM_Methods from Differences in mitochondrial efficiency explain individual variation in growth performance.
Creators: name: Salin, Karine
name: Villasevil, Eugenia M.
name: Anderson, Graeme J.
name: Lamarre, Simon G.
name: Melanson, Chloé A.
name: McCarthy, Ian
name: Selman, Colin
name: Metcalfe, Neil B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: The physiological causes of intraspecific differences in fitness components such as growth rate are currently a source of debate. It has been suggested that differences in energy metabolism may drive variation in growth, but it remains unclear whether covariation between growth rates and energy metabolism is (i) a result of certain individuals acquiring and consequently allocating more resources to growth and/or is (ii) determined by variation in the efficiency with which those resources are transformed into growth. Studies of individually housed animals under standardized nutritional conditions can help shed light on this debate. Here we quantify individual variation in metabolic efficiency in terms of the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated per molecule of oxygen consumed by liver and muscle mitochondria and examine its effects both on the rate of protein synthesis within these tissues and on the rate of whole-body growth of individually fed juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) receiving either a high or low food ration. As expected, fish on the high ration on average gained more in body mass and protein content than those maintained on the low ration. Yet, growth performance varied more than 10-fold among individuals on the same ration, resulting in some fish on low rations growing faster than others on the high ration. This variation in growth for a given ration was related to individual differences in mitochondrial properties: a high whole-body growth performance was associated with high mitochondrial efficiency of ATP production in the liver. Our results show for the first time that among-individual variation in the efficiency with which substrates are converted into ATP can help explain marked variation in growth performance, independent of food intake. This study highlights the existence of inter-individual differences in mitochondrial efficiency and its potential importance in explaining intraspecific variation in whole-animal performance.
Shaping support for public policies: legitimacy cues and question wording effects in the case of gender quotas
Creators: name: Verge, Tània
name: Tormos, Raül
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Analyses of political, economic, and social actors’ discourses in favour or against gender quotas are extensive but, to date, only a handful of opinion studies have examined support for such a controversial policy whose enactment does not necessarily dissolve opposition. This is particularly the case of citizens holding modern sexism attitudes who dismiss or resent quotas using the language of equality. This article examines how support for this policy can be shaped through legitimacy cues and question wording. The empirical analysis builds on two framing experiments embedded in a representative survey fielded in Catalonia (Spain), where gender quotas in politics and private businesses were introduced over a decade ago. Our results show that, even among respondents holding modern sexism attitudes, priming the legal framework yields positive effects on support for electoral quotas, whilst the endorsement of gender balance in corporate boards increases when the question does not mention the word quotas.
Optimization and universality of Brownian search in quenched heterogeneous media
Creators: name: Godec, Aljaz
name: Metzler, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinetics of a variety of transport-controlled processes can be reduced to the problem of determining the mean time needed to arrive at a given location for the first time, the so called mean first passage time (MFPT) problem. The occurrence of occasional large jumps or intermittent patterns combining various types of motion are known to outperform the standard random walk with respect to the MFPT, by reducing oversampling of space. Here we show that a regular but spatially heterogeneous random walk can significantly and universally enhance the search in any spatial dimension. In a generic minimal model we consider a spherically symmetric system comprising two concentric regions with piece-wise constant diffusivity. The MFPT is analyzed under the constraint of conserved average dynamics, that is, the spatially averaged diffusivity is kept constant. Our analytical calculations and extensive numerical simulations demonstrate the existence of an {\em optimal heterogeneity} minimizing the MFPT to the target. We prove that the MFPT for a random walk is completely dominated by what we term direct trajectories towards the target and reveal a remarkable universality of the spatially heterogeneous search with respect to target size and system dimensionality. In contrast to intermittent strategies, which are most profitable in low spatial dimensions, the spatially inhomogeneous search performs best in higher dimensions. Discussing our results alongside recent experiments on single particle tracking in living cells we argue that the observed spatial heterogeneity may be beneficial for cellular signaling processes.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, RevTeX
Evidence for protection of targeted reef fish on the largest marine reserve in the Caribbean
Creators: name: Pina-Amargós, Fabián
name: Martín-Blanco, Félix
name: González-Sansón, Gaspar
name: Valdivia, Abel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Marine reserves can restore fish abundance and diversity in areas impacted by overfishing, but the effectiveness of reserves in developing countries where resources for enforcement are limited, have seldom been evaluated. Here we assess whether the establishment in 1996 of the largest marine reserve in the Caribbean, Gardens of the Queen in Cuba, has had a positive effect on the abundance of commercially valuable reef fish species in relation to neighboring unprotected areas. We surveyed 25 sites, including two reef habitats (reef crest and reef slope), inside and outside the marine reserve, on five different months, and over a one-and-a-half year period. Densities of the ten most frequent, highly targeted, and relatively large fish species showed a significant variability across the archipelago for both reef habitats that depended on the month of survey. These ten species showed a tendency towards higher abundance inside the reserve in both reef habitats for most months during the study. Average fish densities pooled by protection level, however, showed that five out of these ten species were at least two-fold significantly higher inside than outside the reserve at one or both reef habitats. Supporting evidence from previously published studies in the area indicates that habitat complexity and major benthic communities were similar inside and outside the reserve, while fishing pressure appeared to be homogeneous across the archipelago before reserve establishment. Although poaching may occur within the reserve, especially at the boundaries, effective protection from fishing was the most plausible explanation for the patterns observed.
On the proton charge extensions
Creators: name: Stryker, Jesse R.
name: Miller, Gerald A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine how corrections to $S$-state energy levels, $ E_{nS}$, in hydrogenic atoms due to the finite proton size are affected by moments of the proton charge distribution. The corrections to $E_{nS}$ are computed moment by moment. The results demonstrate that the next-to-leading order term in the expansion is of order $r_p / a_B $ times the size of the leading order $ \langle r_p^2 \rangle $ term. Our analysis thus dispels any concern that the larger relative size of this term for muonic hydrogen versus electronic hydrogen might account for the current discrepancy of proton radius measurements extracted from the two systems. Furthermore, the next-to-leading order term in powers of $r_p / a_B $ that we derive from a dipole proton form factor is proportional to $\langle r_p^3 \rangle $, rather than $\langle r_p^4 \rangle$ as would be expected from the scalar nature of the form factor. The dependence of the finite-size correction on $\langle r_p^3 \rangle $ and higher odd-power moments is shown to be a general result for any spherically symmetric proton charge distribution. A method for computing the moment expansion of the finite-size correction to arbitrary order is introduced and the results are tabulated for principal quantum numbers up to $n=7$.
description: 10 pages, no figures. Clarified discussion in Sec. II, revised notation, journal version
Political legitimacy in western Europe: comparing people’s expectations and evaluations of democracy
Creators: name: Seyd, Ben
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Democratic legitimacy is sometimes measured by comparing what individuals expect of democracy with their evaluations of democratic performance. However, such composite measures hinder our understanding of whether any factors found to shape legitimacy do so through effects on expectations, through effects on evaluations or through effects on both. This article considers people’s democratic expectations and evaluations separately. By modelling each – along with their combination in a measure of legitimacy – it identifies the factors that shape each outcome, and in particular whether any effects on legitimacy run through what people expect of democracy or through their evaluations of democratic performance. Models are run for four different dimensions of democracy to test whether the factors shaping people’s attitudes vary between different aspects of the democratic system. The analysis is conducted using Wave 6 of the European Social Survey (2012-13) on populations across 16 west European countries. Analysis of individual country populations also enables us to identify whether the causes and mechanisms of democratic legitimacy vary between different national contexts.
Is coral richness related to community resistance to and recovery from disturbance?
Creators: name: Ramus, Aaron P.
name: Graham, Nicholas A.J.
name: Selig, Elizabeth R.
name: Akins, Kelsey L.
name: McKeever, Kimberly A.
name: Long, Zachary T.
name: Speare, Kelly E.
name: Zhang, Stacy Y.
name: Bruno, John F.
name: Mohorn, Zach
name: Gyoerkoe, Megan
name: Hambridge, Sarah M.
name: Nash, Kirsty L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: More diverse communities are thought to be more stable—the diversity–stability hypothesis—due to increased resistance to and recovery from disturbances. For example, high diversity can make the presence of resilient or fast growing species and key facilitations among species more likely. How natural, geographic biodiversity patterns and changes in biodiversity due to human activities mediate community-level disturbance dynamics is largely unknown, especially in diverse systems. For example, few studies have explored the role of diversity in tropical marine communities, especially at large scales. We tested the diversity–stability hypothesis by asking whether coral richness is related to resistance to and recovery from disturbances including storms, predator outbreaks, and coral bleaching on tropical coral reefs. We synthesized the results of 41 field studies conducted on 82 reefs, documenting changes in coral cover due to disturbance, across a global gradient of coral richness. Our results indicate that coral reefs in more species-rich regions were marginally less resistant to disturbance and did not recover more quickly. Coral community resistance was also highly dependent on pre-disturbance coral cover, probably due in part to the sensitivity of fast-growing and often dominant plating acroporid corals to disturbance. Our results suggest that coral communities in biodiverse regions, such as the western Pacific, may not be more resistant and resilient to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Further analyses controlling for disturbance intensity and other drivers of coral loss and recovery could improve our understanding of the influence of diversity on community stability in coral reef ecosystems.