cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multiscale edge detection and parametric shape modeling for boundary delineation in optoacoustic images
Creators: name: Mandal, Subhamoy
name: Sudarshan, Viswanath Pamulakanty
name: Nagaraj, Yeshaswini
name: Ben, Xose Luis Dean
name: Razansky, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this article, we present a novel scheme for segmenting the image boundary (with the background) in optoacoustic small animal in vivo imaging systems. The method utilizes a multiscale edge detection algorithm to generate a binary edge map. A scale dependent morphological operation is employed to clean spurious edges. Thereafter, an ellipse is fitted to the edge map through constrained parametric transformations and iterative goodness of fit calculations. The method delimits the tissue edges through the curve fitting model, which has shown high levels of accuracy. Thus, this method enables segmentation of optoacoutic images with minimal human intervention, by eliminating need of scale selection for multiscale processing and seed point determination for contour mapping.
description: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE (Accepted version)
title: Venous causes of abdominal pain: Image review
Creators: name: Khosa, Huma
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Anatomy
subject: Veins / Vena cava
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Filter insertions
subject: Thrombolysis
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Varices
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The objective of this educational poster is to highlight the various venous causes of abdominal pain Acute abdomen is one of the commonest presentations at the emergency department. In addition to the usual causes of abdominal pain, a variety of...
Flavor Changing Neutral Current processes and family discrimination in 3-3-1 models
Creators: name: Oliveira, Vinícius
name: Pires, C. A. de S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 3-3-1 models anomaly cancellation requires that one of the three families of quarks transforms as triplet by $\text{SU}(3)_\text{L}$ with the other two transforming necessarily as anti-triplet. This is an important feature of the model because with it we explain family replication. Thus it is mandatory to discriminate which of the families will transform as triplet by $\text{SU}(3)_\text{L}$ because the main consequence of anomaly cancellation in 3-3-1 models is the arising of processes violating flavor at tree level by means of neutral currents mediated by gauge and scalar fields and each case leads to different results. In this work we consider the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos. Among the spectrum of 3-3-1 particles that contributes to the flavor changing neutral processes, there is a pseudoscalar that may be the lightest of the 3-3-1 particles and then should give the main contribution to such processes. We then calculate its contribution to the $K^0 -\bar K^0$ mixing transition and confront it with the current experimental results. We do this for the three cases in which one of the family of quarks transforms as a triplet by $\text{SU}(3)_\text{L}$. According to our findings each case leads to different constraints on the mass of the pseudoscalar and the case in which the third family of quarks transforms as triplet seems to be the favoured one. We also obtain the most stringent bounds on the mass of the pseudoscalar of the model.
description: Typos fixed, references added, conclusions unchanged, 17 pages, 1 figures. Matches published version
Two Distinct Charge Density Wave Orders and Emergent Superconductivity in Pressurized CuTe
Creators: name: Wang, Shuyang
name: Wang, Qing
name: An, Chao
name: Zhou, Yonghui
name: Zhou, Ying
name: Chen, Xuliang
name: Hao, Ning
name: Yang, Zhaorong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of multiple charge-density-wave (CDW) orders in superconducting cuprates and Kagome CsV3Sb5 has offered a unique milieu for studying the interplay of CDW and superconductivity and altered our perspective on their nature. Here, we report a high-pressure study of quasi-one-dimensional CDW material CuTe through ultralow-temperature (400 mK) electrical transport and temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy measurements and first-principles calculations. We provide solid evidence that the pristine CDW order (CDW1) transforms into a distinct CDW order (CDW2) at ~6.5 GPa. Calculations show that the driving force of CDW1 is due to the nesting effect and that of CDW2 probably arises from the electronic correlated interaction. Strikingly, pressure-induced superconductivity is observed with a dome-like phase diagram and its transition displays an extraordinary broadening along with the crossover from CDW1 to CDW2. These results demonstrate that pressurized CuTe provides a promising playground for understanding the intricated interplay of multiple CDWs and superconductivity.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
title: Large vessel contribution to the BOLD signal in fMRI-based localization of Wernicke's area.
Creators: name: Rumshiskaya, Alena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Outcomes
subject: Artifacts
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Head and neck

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Functional MRI (fMRI) of speech areas often plays an important role in pre-neurosurgical planning in patients with mass lesion of the brain. This method is used for localization and lateralization of speech areas and to assess a relative position of...
title: Optimization of imaging parameter in contrast-enhanced three-dimensional T1 weighted MRI with fat saturation for head disease
Creators: name: Kanazawa, Yuki
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: MR physics
subject: Head and neck
subject: Contrast agents
subject: MR
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Metastases

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Contrast-enhanced T 1 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images with fat-suppression is useful for detecting disease of skull and it’s around, as brain tumor and metastasis of various malignancies, e.g. carcinoma of the lung, breast, and...
The Boltzmann equation for a multi-species mixture close to global equilibrium
Creators: name: Briant, Marc
name: Daus, Esther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Cauchy theory for a multi-species mixture, where the different species can have different masses, in a perturbative setting on the $3$-dimensional torus. The ultimate aim of this work is to obtain existence, uniqueness and exponential trend to equilibrium of solutions to the multi-species Boltzmann equation in $L^1_vL^\infty_x(m)$, where $m\sim (1+|v|^k)$ is a polynomial weight. We prove the existence of a spectral gap for the linear multi-species Boltzmann operator allowing different masses, and then we establish a semigroup property thanks to a new explicit coercive estimate for the Boltzmann operator. Then we develop an $L^2-L^\infty$ theory \textit{à la Guo} for the linear perturbed equation. Finally, we combine the latter results with a decomposition of the multi-species Boltzmann equation in order to deal with the full equation. We emphasize that dealing with different masses induces a loss of symmetry in the Boltzmann operator which prevents the direct adaptation of standard mono-species methods (\textit{e.g.} Carleman representation, Povzner inequality). Of important note is the fact that all methods used and developed in this work are constructive. Moreover, they do not require any Sobolev regularity and the $L^1_vL^\infty_x$ framework is dealt with for any $k>k_0$, recovering the optimal physical threshold of finite energy $k_0=2$ in the particular case of a multi-species hard spheres mixture with same masses.
description: (typos corrected and bibliography updated), 71 pages
Van Roosbroeck's equations with topological terms: the case of Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Graham, Pierre-Antoine
name: Bertrand, Simon
name: Bédard, Michaël
name: Durand, Robin
name: Garate, Ion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van Roosbroeck's equations constitute a versatile tool to determine the dynamics of electrons under time- and space-dependent perturbations. Extensively utilized in ordinary semiconductors, their potential to model devices made from topological materials remains untapped. Here, we adapt van Roosbroeck's equations to theoretically study the bulk response of a Weyl semimetal to an ultrafast and spatially localized light pulse in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field. We predict a transient oscillatory photovoltage that originates from the chiral anomaly. The oscillations take place at the plasma frequency (THz range) and are damped by intervalley scattering and dielectric relaxation. Our results illustrate the ability of van Roosbroeck's equations to unveil the interplay between electronic band topology and fast carrier dynamics in microelectronic devices.
description: 5 pages + appendix. Version accepted for publication
title: An audit to assess compliance with new NICE head injury guidelines
Creators: name: Hasso, Sultana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Audit and standards
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Emergency
subject: CNS
subject: Acute
subject: Quality assurance

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: NICE Adult head injury guidelineswerenewly updated in 2014, emphasising the need for prompt imaging within one hour for those identifiedto have life threatening features of a head injury. The updated guideline introduced a new standard for all head...
Enabling the discovery of fast transients: A kilonova science module for the Fink broker
Creators: name: Biswas, B.
name: Ishida, E. E. O.
name: Peloton, J.
name: Moller, A.
name: Pruzhinskaya, M. V.
name: de Souza, R. S.
name: Muthukrishna, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the fast transient classification algorithm in the center of the kilonova (KN) science module currently implemented in the Fink broker and report classification results based on simulated catalogs and real data from the ZTF alert stream. We used noiseless, homogeneously sampled simulations to construct a basis of principal components (PCs). All light curves from a more realistic ZTF simulation were written as a linear combination of this basis. The corresponding coefficients were used as features in training a random forest classifier. The same method was applied to long (>30 days) and medium (<30 days) light curves. The latter aimed to simulate the data situation found within the ZTF alert stream. Classification based on long light curves achieved 73.87% precision and 82.19% recall. Medium baseline analysis resulted in 69.30% precision and 69.74% recall, thus confirming the robustness of precision results when limited to 30 days of observations. In both cases, dwarf flares and point Type Ia supernovae were the most frequent contaminants. The final trained model was integrated into the Fink broker and has been distributing fast transients, tagged as KN_candidates, to the astronomical community, especially through the GRANDMA collaboration. We showed that features specifically designed to grasp different light curve behaviors provide enough information to separate fast (KN-like) from slow (non-KN-like) evolving events. This module represents one crucial link in an intricate chain of infrastructure elements for multi-messenger astronomy which is currently being put in place by the Fink broker team in preparation for the arrival of data from the Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.
description: 8 Pages, 12 Figures, submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
On shape dependence of holographic entanglement entropy in AdS4/CFT3
Creators: name: Fonda, Piermarco
name: Seminara, Domenico
name: Tonni, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the finite term of the holographic entanglement entropy of finite domains with smooth shapes and for four dimensional gravitational backgrounds. Analytic expressions depending on the unit vectors normal to the minimal area surface are obtained for both stationary and time dependent spacetimes. The special cases of AdS4, asymptotically AdS4 black holes, domain wall geometries and Vaidya-AdS backgrounds have been analysed explicitly. When the bulk spacetime is AdS4, the finite term is the Willmore energy of the minimal area surface viewed as a submanifold of the three dimensional flat Euclidean space. For the static spacetimes, some numerical checks involving spatial regions delimited by ellipses and non convex domains have been performed. In the case of AdS4, the infinite wedge has been also considered, recovering the known analytic formula for the coefficient of the logarithmic divergence.
description: 49 pages, 11 figures
title: Emergency in soft tissue: 10 reasons to do an ultrasound
Creators: name: Pardo Antunez, Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Acute
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Soft tissues / Skin

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Describe the anatomy of the soft tissues. Present cases of superficialsoft tissuepathology,describe pathologicfindings and the application of ultrasound invarious forms of musculoskeletal...
QCD sum rule analysis of Heavy Quarkonium states in magnetized matter -- effects of (inverse) magnetic catalysis
Creators: name: Parui, Pallabi
name: De, Sourodeep
name: Kumar, Ankit
name: Mishra, Amruta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The masses of the $1S$ and $1P$ states of heavy quarkonia are investigated in the magnetized, asymmetric nuclear medium, accounting for the Dirac sea effects, using a combined approach of chiral effective model and QCD sum rule method. These are calculated from the in-medium scalar and twist-2 gluon condensates, calculated within the chiral model. The gluon condensate is simulated through the scalar dilaton field, $χ$ introduced in the model through a scale-invariance breaking logarithmic potential. Considering the scalar fields to be classical, the dilaton field, $χ$, the non-strange isoscalar, $σ(\sim (\langle \bar u u\rangle +\langle \bar d d\rangle ))$, strange isoscalar, $ζ(\sim \langle \bar s s\rangle)$ and non-strange isovector, $δ(\sim (\langle\bar u u\rangle-\langle\bar d d\rangle)$) fields, are obtained by solving their coupled equations of motion, as derived from the chiral model Lagrangian. The effects of magnetic field due to the Dirac sea as well as the Landau energy levels of protons, and the non-zero anomalous magnetic moments of the nucleons are considered in the present study. In presence of an external magnetic field, there is also mixing between the longitudinal component of the vector meson and pseudoscalar meson (PV mixing) in both quarkonia sectors, leading to a rise (drop) of the masses of $J/ψ^{||}\ (η_c$) and $Υ^{||}(1S)\ (η_b$) states. These might show in the experimental observables, e.g., the dilepton spectra in the non-central, ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision experiments at RHIC and LHC, where the produced magnetic field is huge.
description: 36 pages, 13 figures, version published in Phys. Rev. D
A Distributed and Incremental SVD Algorithm for Agglomerative Data Analysis on Large Networks
Creators: name: Iwen, M. A.
name: Ong, B. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we show that the SVD of a matrix can be constructed efficiently in a hierarchical approach. Our algorithm is proven to recover the singular values and left singular vectors if the rank of the input matrix $A$ is known. Further, the hierarchical algorithm can be used to recover the $d$ largest singular values and left singular vectors with bounded error. We also show that the proposed method is stable with respect to roundoff errors or corruption of the original matrix entries. Numerical experiments validate the proposed algorithms and parallel cost analysis.
title: The palmar aponeurosis: dynamic evaluation with 22 Mhz high-resolution ultrasound (HR-US)
Creators: name: Silvestri, Enzo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Musculoskeletal system

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of our educational exhibit is to: 1. illustrate the normal anatomy and normal d-HRUS appearance of palmar aponeurosis; 2. describe a systematic technique for d-HRUS evaluation of such structures; 3. produce anatomical schemes with...
Economics of Trucking: An Annotated Bibliography
Creators: name: Gerald, John O.
name: Byrne, Robert J.
name: Gerald, John O.
name: Byrne, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Agriculture
subject: agricultural exemption
subject: cooperative exemption
subject: transportation
subject: trucking

description: More than 40 reports and papers based on research in the U.S. Department of Agriculture into the economics of agricultural and cooperative trucking are compiled and annotated. The period covered by the listings is from 1950 to July 1976.
Molecular mechanism of water permeation in helium impermeable graphene and graphene oxide membrane
Creators: name: Raghav, Nallani
name: Chakraborty, Sudip
name: Maiti, Prabal K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The layers of graphene oxide (GO) are found to be good for permeation of water but not for helium (Science 2012 335 (6067): 442-444) suggesting that the GO layers are dynamic in the formation of permeation route depending on the environment they are in (i.e, water or helium). To probe the microscopic origin of this observation we calculate the potential of mean force (PMF) of GO sheets (oxidized and reduced parts), with inter-planar distance as reaction coordinate in helium and water. Our PMF calculation shows that equilibrium interlayer distance between oxidized part of GO sheets in helium is at 4.8 Å leaving no space for helium permeation. In contrast PMF of oxidized part of GO in water shows two minima one at 4.8 Å and another at 6.8 Å corresponding to no water and water filled region and thus giving rise to permeation path. The increased electrostatic interaction between water with the oxidized part of the sheet helps the sheet opening up and pushing water inside. Based on the entropy calculations for water trapped between graphene sheets and oxidized graphene sheets at different inter-sheet spacing we also show the thermodynamics of filling.
title: Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings after laparoscopic sacral colpopexy (LSCP): a preliminary study
Creators: name: Bourgioti, Charis
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Foreign bodies
subject: Surgery
subject: Safety
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Uterovaginal or vaginal vault prolapse is a common gynecological problem which may have a major impact on the quality of womens’ life. Interestingly, 1/10 women by the age of 70 years will receive surgical repair for pelvic floor prolapse. Its...
Parallelization of Garfield++ and neBEM to simulate space charge effects in RPCs
Creators: name: Dey, Tanay
name: Bhattacharya, Purba
name: Mukhopadhyay, Supratik
name: Majumdar, Nayana
name: Seal, Abhishek
name: Chattopadhyay, Subhasis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulation of avalanches, saturated avalanches, and streamers can help us understand the detector physics of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC). 3D Monte Carlo simulation of an avalanche inside an RPC, the transition from avalanche to saturated avalanche to streamer may help the search for the optimum voltage and alternate gas mixtures. This task is dauntingly resource-hungry, especially when space charge effects become important, which often coincides with important regimes of operation of these devices. By modifying the electric field inside the RPC dynamically, the space charge plays a crucial role in determining the response of the detector. In this work, a numerical model has been proposed to calculate the dynamic space-charge field inside an RPC and the same has been implemented in the Garfield++ framework. By modeling space charge as the large number of line charges and using the multithreading technique OpenMP to calculate electric field, drift line, electron gain, and space charge field, it has been possible to maintain time consumption within reasonable limits. For this purpose, a new class, pAvalancheMC has been introduced in Garfield++. The calculations have been successfully verified with those from existing solvers and an example is provided to show the performance of pAvalancheMC. Moreover, the details of the transition of an avalanche into a saturated avalanche have been discussed. The induced charge distribution is calculated for a timing RPC and results are verified with the experiment.
Insecure attachment as a risk factor for psychopathology: A meta-analysis
Creators: name: Herstell, Simon
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychiatric and Mental Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: AAI
subject: Adult attachment
subject: Adult attachment interview
subject: analysis
subject: attachment
subject: bipolar
subject: bipolar disorder
subject: bowlby
subject: depression
subject: ECR
subject: Experiences in Close Relationships
subject: major depression
subject: meta
subject: meta-analysis
subject: psychosis
subject: schizophrenia

description: This is an update on the registration "Attachment as a risk factor for psychopathology: A meta-analysis" (https://osf.io/4eqw2/) by the same authors. The update concerns three flaws in the original registration: 1) The original registration contains a "g.doc" file which was meant to store the project description. However, unfortunately when uploading the "gdoc" file a spaceholder document was created in the process which only contains the link to the originial project description. We uploaded the description as a PDF file this time. 2) In the originial project description it read: The basis of this analysis for the psychiatric disorders of depression and psychotic disorders will be an update of already performed meta-analysis of attachment style patterns in patients. (Dagan, O., et al. (2018). "Adult attachment representations and depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis." J Affect Disord 236: 274-290 and Carr, S. C., et al. (2018). "Relationship between attachment style and symptom severity across the psychosis spectrum: A meta-analysis." Clin Psychol Rev 59: 145-158.) However, as our inclusion criteria are much narrower than the meta-analysis mentioned and we performed the entire meta-analysis process anew compliant with our own inclusion criteria we decided to cross out this paragraph. 3) We changed the title of the registration to "Insecure attachment as a risk factor for psychopathology: A meta-analysis" as would have been correct according to the original description file attached to the first project registration.
Fractional quantum Hall effect at the filling factor $ν=5/2$
Creators: name: Ma, Ken K. W.
name: Peterson, Michael R.
name: Scarola, V. W.
name: Yang, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effect at the filling factor $ν=5/2$ was discovered in GaAs heterostructures more than 35 years ago. Various topological orders have been proposed as possible candidates to describe this FQH state. Some of them possess non-Abelian anyon excitations, an entirely new type of quasiparticle with fascinating properties. If observed, non-Abelian anyons could offer fundamental building blocks of a topological quantum computer. Nevertheless, the nature of the FQH state at $ν=5/2$ is still under debate. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the theoretical background, numerical results, and experimental measurements pertaining to this special FQH state. Furthermore, we review some recent developments and their possible interpretations. Possible future directions toward resolving the nature of the $5/2$ state are also discussed.
description: Updated version; A chapter for Encyclopedia of Condensed Matter Physics, 2nd edition (Elsevier)
title: Key points on MRI in Multiple Sclerosis
Creators: name: Zacharia , Traore
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Radiation effects
subject: Inflammation
subject: Cerebrospinal fluid

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Describe the appearance and locations of lesions suggestive of multiple sclerosis(MS) on...
Characterizing ground and thermal states of few-body Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Huber, Felix
name: Gühne, Otfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question whether a given quantum state is a ground or thermal state of a few-body Hamiltonian can be used to characterize the complexity of the state and is important for possible experimental implementations. We provide methods to characterize the states generated by two- and, more generally, k-body Hamiltonians as well as the convex hull of these sets. This leads to new insights into the question which states are uniquely determined by their marginals and to a generalization of the concept of entanglement. Finally, certification methods for quantum simulation can be derived.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, v2: final version
SUSY-Nonrelativistic Quantum Eigenspectral Energy Analysis for Squared-Type Trigonometric Potentials Through Nikiforov-Uvarov Formalism
Creators: name: Aktas, Metin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Explicit and analytical bound-state solutions of the Schrodinger equation for squared-form trigonometric potentials within the framework of supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM) are performed by implementing the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) polynomial procedure. The first step requires a certain action to adopt an appropriate ansatz superpotential W(x) for generating the potential pair as V1 (x) and V2(x). In the second process, inserting each potential for the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation and solving the hypergeometric differential equation with the NU method gives rise to normalized wave function descriptions and algebraically corresponds to the characteristic SUSY quantum energy eigenspectrum sets. It is remarkable to note that, when examined parametrically, they are of reliable and applicable forms concerning the mathematical treatment of various physical quantum systems prescribed in relativistic or nonrelativistic contexts.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Discovering Conservation Laws using Optimal Transport and Manifold Learning
Creators: name: Lu, Peter Y.
name: Dangovski, Rumen
name: Soljačić, Marin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conservation laws are key theoretical and practical tools for understanding, characterizing, and modeling nonlinear dynamical systems. However, for many complex systems, the corresponding conserved quantities are difficult to identify, making it hard to analyze their dynamics and build stable predictive models. Current approaches for discovering conservation laws often depend on detailed dynamical information or rely on black box parametric deep learning methods. We instead reformulate this task as a manifold learning problem and propose a non-parametric approach for discovering conserved quantities. We test this new approach on a variety of physical systems and demonstrate that our method is able to both identify the number of conserved quantities and extract their values. Using tools from optimal transport theory and manifold learning, our proposed method provides a direct geometric approach to identifying conservation laws that is both robust and interpretable without requiring an explicit model of the system nor accurate time information.
description: 30 pages, 15 figures (7 main text, 8 supplemental), 3 tables (supplemental)
Twitter Sentiment Analysis Applied to Finance: A Case Study in the Retail Industry
Creators: name: Souza, Thársis Tuani Pinto
name: Kolchyna, Olga
name: Treleaven, Philip C.
name: Aste, Tomaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper presents a financial analysis over Twitter sentiment analytics extracted from listed retail brands. We investigate whether there is statistically-significant information between the Twitter sentiment and volume, and stock returns and volatility. Traditional newswires are also considered as a proxy for the market sentiment for comparative purpose. The results suggest that social media is indeed a valuable source in the analysis of the financial dynamics in the retail sector even when compared to mainstream news such as the Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones Newswires.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, 9 tables
title: Primary breast cancer – Correlation of pre-operative ultrasound measurements with post-operative pathological size
Creators: name: Maguire, John
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Surgery
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Breast cancer is the most common cancer amongst women in the UK, accounting for 30% of all new cases of cancer in the female population 1-4 . Breast cancer is staged using the TNM classification 5 , of which tumour size forms an important...
Differentiating Conscientious from Indiscriminate Responders in Existing NEO-Five Factor Inventory-3 Data
Creators: name: Marjanovic, Zdravko
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: We compared the effectiveness of the aggregated Inter-Item Standard Deviation (M-ISD) against 5 other validity indexes in differentiating between conscientious and indiscriminate responders in psychological questionnaire data. In 3 samples of existing NEO-FFI-3 data, the M-ISD outperformed all other validity indexes with an average classification accuracy of 97%.
title: Radiological manifestations of unusual presentation of tuberculosis.
Creators: name: Gil, Rocio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Education and training
subject: Image compression
subject: eLearning
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of this study is to review the radiological findings that can be found in patients with extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis, using different imaging techniques from ultrasonography and intravenous urography up to CT...
Three-dimensional kinetic-MHD model of the global heliosphere with the heliopause-surface fitting
Creators: name: Izmodenov, Vladislav
name: Alexashov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper provides a detailed description of the latest version of our model of the solar wind (SW) interaction with the local interstellar medium (LISM). This model has already been applied to the analysis of Lyman-alpha absorption spectra toward nearby stars and for analyses of Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/SWAN data. Katushkina et al. (this issue) used the model results to analyze IBEX-Lo data. At the same time, the details of this model have not yet been published. This is a three-dimensional (3D) kinetic-magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) model that takes into account SW and interstellar plasmas (including $α$ particles in SW and helium ions in LISM), the solar and interstellar magnetic fields, and the interstellar hydrogen atoms. The latitudinal dependence of SW and the actual flow direction of the interstellar gas with respect to the Sun are also taken into account in the model. It was very essential that our numerical code had been developed in such a way that any numerical diffusion or reconnection across the heliopause had not been allowed in the model. The heliospheric current sheet is a rotational discontinuity in the ideal MHD and can be treated kinematically. In the paper, we focus in particular on the effects of the heliospheric magnetic field and on the heliolatitudinal dependence of SW.
description: The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Special Issue, 2015
Inconsistency identification in network meta-analysis via stochastic search variable selection
Creators: name: Seitidis, Georgios
name: Nikolakopoulos, Stavros
name: Ntzoufras, Ioannis
name: Mavridis, Dimitris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The reliability of the results of network meta-analysis (NMA) lies in the plausibility of key assumption of transitivity. This assumption implies that the effect modifiers' distribution is similar across treatment comparisons. Transitivity is statistically manifested through the consistency assumption which suggests that direct and indirect evidence are in agreement. Several methods have been suggested to evaluate consistency. A popular approach suggests adding inconsistency factors to the NMA model. We follow a different direction by describing each inconsistency factor with a candidate covariate whose choice relies on variable selection techniques. Our proposed method, Stochastic Search Inconsistency Factor Selection (SSIFS), evaluates the consistency assumption both locally and globally, by applying the stochastic search variable selection method to determine whether the inconsistency factors should be included in the model. The posterior inclusion probability of each inconsistency factor quantifies how likely is a specific comparison to be inconsistent. We use posterior model odds or the median probability model to decide on the importance of inconsistency factors. Differences between direct and indirect evidence can be incorporated into the inconsistency detection process. A key point of our proposed approach is the construction of a reasonable "informative" prior concerning network consistency. The prior is based on the elicitation of information derived historical data from 201 published network meta-analyses. The performance of our proposed method is evaluated in two published network meta-analyses. The proposed methodology is publicly available in an R package called ssifs, developed and maintained by the authors of this work.
The Hurwitz continued fraction expansion as applied to real numbers
Creators: name: Simmons, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Hurwitz (1887) defined a continued fraction algorithm for complex numbers which is better behaved in many respects than a more "natural" extension of the classical continued fraction algorithm to the complex plane would be. Although the Hurwitz complex continued fraction algorithm is not "reducible" to another complex continued fraction algorithm, over the reals the story is different. In this note we make clear the relation between the restriction of Hurwitz's algorithm to the real numbers and the classical continued fraction algorithm. As an application we reprove the main result of Choudhuri and Dani (2015).
Ringed accretion disks: equilibrium configurations
Creators: name: Pugliese, D.
name: Stuchlík, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a model of ringed accretion disk, made up by several rings rotating around a supermassive Kerr black hole attractor. Each toroid of the ringed disk is governed by the General Relativity hydrodynamic Boyer condition of equilibrium configurations of rotating perfect fluids. Properties of the tori can be then determined by an appropriately defined effective potential reflecting the background Kerr geometry and the centrifugal effects. The ringed disks could be created in various regimes during the evolution of matter configurations around supermassive black holes. Therefore, both corotating and counterrotating rings have to be considered as being a constituent of the ringed disk. We provide constraints on the model parameters for the existence and stability of various ringed configurations and discuss occurrence of accretion onto the Kerr black hole and possible launching of jets from the ringed disk. We demonstrate that various ringed disks can be characterized by a maximum number of rings. We present also a perturbation analysis based on evolution of the oscillating components of the ringed disk. The dynamics of the unstable phases of the ringed disk evolution seems to be promising in relation to high energy phenomena demonstrated in active galactic nuclei.
description: 64 pages, 10 figures multi-panels, 2 Tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement
Rank of the Nijenhuis tensor on parallelizable almost complex manifolds
Creators: name: Sillari, Lorenzo
name: Tomassini, Adriano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32Q60, 53C15 (Primary) 53C30, 58H15 (Secondary)

description: We study almost complex structures on parallelizable manifolds via the rank of their Nijenhuis tensor. First, we show how the computations of such rank can be reduced to finding smooth functions on the underlying manifold solving a system of first order PDEs. On specific manifolds, we find an explicit solution. Then we compute the Nijenhuis tensor on curves of almost complex structures, showing that there is no constraint (except for lower semi-continuity) to the possible jumps of its rank. Finally, we focus on $6$-nilmanifolds and the associated Lie algebras. We classify which $6$-dimensional, nilpotent, real Lie algebras admit almost complex structures whose Nijenhuis tensor has a given rank, deducing the corresponding classification for left-invariant structures on $6$-nilmanifolds. We also find a topological upper-bound for the rank of the Nijenhuis tensor for left-invariant almost complex structures on solvmanifolds of any dimension, obtained as a quotient of a completely solvable Lie group. Our results are complemented by a large number of examples.
description: 28 pages
title: Neue Wege, Inhalte und Methoden zu anderem Verständnis Polens im Zuge des Sprachunterrichts
Creators: name: Stacher, Mariola
Year: 2023

description: Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem landeskundlichen Aspekt des Fremdsprachenunterrichts und gibt zu Beginn einen groben geschichtlichen Überblick über die Zugänge zur Landeskunde, um sich nachher mit derer Problemfelder auseinanderzusetzen. Nachdem die Entwicklung der neuen Technologien und auch die Pandemie im Jahr 2020 das Lernen sehr verändert haben, analysiert die Arbeit die Veränderungen, die sich dadurch vor allem in der Lehre der Landes-kunde im Fremdsprachenunterricht vollzogen haben, und untersucht, welche Wege und Metho-den zum anderen Verständnis Polens im Zuge des Unterrichts Polnisch als Fremdsprache anzu-denken sind. Den großen Teil der Arbeit bildet die Analyse von Büchern von Radek Knapp, Steffen Möller, Laura Klos Sokol und Dieter Flader. Die Autorinnen und Autoren kommen aus anderen Kultu-ren; indem sie die polnische Kultur ständig in Bezug zu ihrer Kultur setzen, können sie besser definieren, was Polen und seine Leute ausmacht. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse differieren von den landeskundlichen Inhalten in den Lehrwerken, die ein sehr eingeschränktes Bild Polens darstellen und nicht selten Stereotype reproduzieren. Es stellt sich heraus, das es einerseits eines geschichtlichen Wissens bedarf, um eine Kultur zu verstehen, andererseits ist es dann möglich, diese kennenzulernen, wenn man in ihr lebt und sie durch den erlebten Kulturschock reflektiert.
title: Comparison of MRI and DBT in the preoperative assessment of multiple foci of breast cancer.
Creators: name: Vinci, Valeria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: MR
subject: Mammography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Accurate assessment of tumour extent is essential for planning treatment of breast cancer. Digital mammography (DM), is the accepted technique for breast cancer screening internationally. It has known limitations such as a reduced sensitivity in...
Unusual magnetotransport in twisted bilayer graphene from strain-induced open Fermi surfaces
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaoyu
name: Finney, Joe
name: Sharpe, Aaron L.
name: Rodenbach, Linsey K.
name: Hsueh, Connie L.
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Kastner, M. A.
name: Vafek, Oskar
name: Goldhaber-Gordon, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropic hopping in a toy Hofstadter model was recently invoked to explain a rich and surprising Landau spectrum measured in twisted bilayer graphene away from the magic angle. Suspecting that such anisotropy could arise from unintended uniaxial strain, we extend the Bistritzer-MacDonald model to include uniaxial heterostrain. We find that such strain strongly influences band structure, shifting the three otherwise-degenerate van Hove points to different energies. Coupled to a Boltzmann magnetotransport calculation, this reproduces previously-unexplained non-saturating $B^2$ magnetoresistance over broad ranges of density near filling $ν=\pm 2$, and predicts subtler features that had not been noticed in the experimental data. In contrast to these distinctive signatures in longitudinal resistivity, the Hall coefficient is barely influenced by strain, to the extent that it still shows a single sign change on each side of the charge neutrality point -- surprisingly, this sign change no longer occurs at a van Hove point. The theory also predicts a marked rotation of the electrical transport principal axes as a function of filling even for fixed strain and for rigid bands. More careful examination of interaction-induced nematic order versus strain effects in twisted bilayer graphene could thus be in order.
description: 11 pages main text (4 figures) + 8 pages supplementary material (11 figures)