cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mining the Mind: Linear Discriminant Analysis of MEG source reconstruction time series supports dynamic changes in deep brain regions during meditation sessions
Creators: name: Calvetti, D.
name: Johnson, B.
name: Pascarella, A.
name: Pitolli, F.
name: Somersalo, E.
name: Vantaggi, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Meditation practices have been claimed to have a positive effect on the regulation of mood and emotion for quite some time by practitioners, and in recent times there has been a sustained effort to provide a more precise description of the changes induced by meditation on human brain. Longitudinal studies have reported morphological changes in cortical thickness and volume in selected brain regions due to meditation practice, which is interpreted as evidence for effectiveness of it beyond the subjective self reporting. Evidence based on real time monitoring of meditating brain by functional imaging modalities such as MEG or EEG remains a challenge. In this article we consider MEG data collected during meditation sessions of experienced Buddhist monks practicing focused attention (Samatha) and open monitoring (Vipassana) meditation, contrasted by resting state with eyes closed. The MEG data is first mapped to time series of brain activity averaged over brain regions corresponding to a standard Destrieux brain atlas, and further by bootstrapping and spectral analysis to data matrices representing a random sample of power spectral densities over bandwidths corresponding to $α$, $β$, $γ$, and $θ$ bands in the spectral range. We demonstrate using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) that the samples corresponding to different meditative or resting states contain enough fingerprints of the brain state to allow a separation between different states, and we identify the brain regions that appear to contribute to the separation. Our findings suggest that cingulate cortex, insular cortex and some of the internal structures, most notably accumbens, caudate and putamen nuclei, thalamus and amygdalae stand out as separating regions, which seems to correlate well with earlier findings based on longitudinal studies.
description: 34 pages, 15 figures
On the existence of linearly oscillating galaxies
Creators: name: Hadzic, Mahir
name: Rein, Gerhard
name: Straub, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two classes of steady states of the three-dimensional, gravitational Vlasov-Poisson system: the spherically symmetric Antonov-stable steady states (including the polytropes and the King model) and their plane symmetric analogues. We completely describe the essential spectrum of the self-adjoint operator governing the linearized dynamics in the neighborhood of these steady states. We also show that for the steady states under consideration, there exists a gap in the spectrum. We then use a version of the Birman-Schwinger principle first used by Mathur to derive a general criterion for the existence of an eigenvalue inside the first gap of the essential spectrum, which corresponds to linear oscillations about the steady state. It follows in particular that no linear Landau damping can occur in the neighborhood of steady states satisfying our criterion. Verification of this criterion requires a good understanding of the so-called period function associated with each steady state. In the plane symmetric case we verify the criterion rigorously, while in the spherically symmetric case we do so under a natural monotonicity assumption for the associated period function. Our results explain the pulsating behavior triggered by perturbing such steady states, which has been observed numerically.
description: 104 pages; some errors have been corrected
Attitudes of Greek Drivers with Focus on Mobile Phone Use While Driving
Creators: name: Yannis, George
name: Theofilatos, Athanasios
name: Marinou, Paraskevi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Engineering

description: Objective: This article investigates the attitudes and behavior of Greek drivers with specific focus on mobile phone use while driving.Methods: The research is based on the data of the pan-European SARTRE 4 survey, which was conducted on a representative sample of Greek drivers in 2011. Analysis of the drivers' behavior was carried out by the statistical methods of factor and cluster analysis.Results: According to the results of factor analysis, Greek drivers' responses in the selected questions were summarized into 4 factors, describing road behavior and accident involvement probability as well as their views on issues concerning other drivers' road behaviors, fatigued driving, enforcement of road safety, and mobile phone use while driving. The results of cluster analysis indicated 5 different groups of Greek drivers—the moderate, the optimistic, the conservative, the risky, and the reasonably cautious—and the characteristics of each group where identified.Conclusions: These results may be useful for the appropriate design of targeted road safety campaigns and other countermeasures.
Multi-rate Control Design under Input Constraints via Fixed-Time Barrier Functions
Creators: name: Garg, Kunal
name: Cosner, Ryan K.
name: Rosolia, Ugo
name: Ames, Aaron D.
name: Panagou, Dimitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we introduce the notion of periodic safety, which requires that the system trajectories periodically visit a subset of a forward-invariant safe set, and utilize it in a multi-rate framework where a high-level planner generates a reference trajectory that is tracked by a low-level controller under input constraints. We introduce the notion of fixed-time barrier functions which is leveraged by the proposed low-level controller in a quadratic programming framework. Then, we design a model predictive control policy for high-level planning with a bound on the rate of change for the reference trajectory to guarantee that periodic safety is achieved. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy on a simulation example, where the proposed fixed-time stabilizing low-level controller shows successful satisfaction of control objectives, whereas an exponentially stabilizing low-level controller fails.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
How Not to Extract Information From Black Holes: Cosmic Censorship as a Guiding Principle
Creators: name: Di Gennaro, Sofia
name: Ong, Yen Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes in general relativity are commonly believed to evolve towards a Schwarzschild state as they gradually lose angular momentum and electrical charge under Hawking evaporation. However, when Kim and Wen applied quantum information theory to Hawking evaporation and argued that Hawking particles with maximum mutual information could dominate the emission process, they found that charged black holes tend towards extremality. In view of some evidence pointing towards extremal black holes being effectively singular, this would violate the cosmic censorship conjecture. Nevertheless, since the Kim-Wen model is too simplistic (e.g. it assumes a continuous spectrum of particles with arbitrary charge-to-mass ratio), one might hope that a more realistic model could avoid this problem. In this work, we show that having only a finite species of charged particles would actually worsen the situation, with some end states becoming a naked singularity. With this model as an example, we emphasize the need to study whether charged black holes can violate cosmic censorship under a given model of Hawking evaporation.
description: v3: results modified due to errors found in some numerical codes
Effect of molybdenum on nodulation, plant yield and nitrogen uptake in hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)
Creators: name: Faridul Alam
name: Kim, Tae Young
name: Kim, Song Yeob
name: Alam, Sadia Sabrina
name: Pramanik, Prabhat
name: Kim, Pil Joo
name: Lee, Yong Bok
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry

description: Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is a leguminous cover crop that is generally used as a green manure to sustain soil health in arable land. Molybdenum (Mo) acts as a cofactor for the nitrogenase (NA) and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymes, which are important for nitrogen (N) fixation, nitrate reduction and N transport in plants. In this study, we applied various doses of Mo to soil to evaluate their efficacy on nodulation, nodule characteristics and biomass production of hairy vetch. Mo application increased the number and size of nodules and NA and NR enzyme activity in hairy vetch. This increase in enzyme activity increased N assimilation and led to higher biomass yield. Plants grown in soil that received 0.5 mg Mo kg−1 showed optimal physical and biochemical properties in nodules, and these properties may explain the increased N fixation in hairy vetch. Higher Mo doses (1.0 mg kg−1) led to the deterioration of nodule structure and, hence, reduced enzymatic activity in plants. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing and cluster analysis showed that the bacterial isolates found in the nodules of hairy vetch roots belonged to the Rhizobiaceae family and shared high sequence similarity with Rhizobium leguminosarum and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Application of 0.63 mg Mo kg−1 to soil was the optimum dose to maximize the biomass yield of hairy vetch.
Profiling Water-Soluble Organic Matter from Urban Aerosols Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography
Creators: name: Matos, João T. V.
name: Freire, Sandra M. S. C.
name: Duarte, Regina M. B. O.
name: Duarte, Armando C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Science
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biochemistry

description: Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) has been used for the first time to investigate the chemical heterogeneity and map the hydrophobicity vs. molecular weight (Mw) distribution of the most hydrophobic acid fractions in water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from fine atmospheric aerosols collected over different seasons at an urban location. The use of LC×LC–DAD, combining the use of two independent separation mechanisms (per aqueous liquid chromatography (PALC) vs. size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)), has shown a great potential for unraveling and resolving the heterogeneity of WSOM, further providing a deeper insight into how size-distinguished aerosol WSOM fractions differ in hydrophobicity during different seasonal events. The combination of PALC×SEC–DAD data with an already proposed data treatment procedure revealed that the WSOM samples collected in warm seasons are enriched in aliphatic structures, while those from colder seasons exhibit a higher degree of structures with conjugation of π-bonds (e.g. aromatics) alongside aliphatic structures.
title: Politisations émergentes, politisations précaires ?
Publisher: name: Site Pouchet du CNRS
Year: 2016

description: L’observation dans les régimes démocratiques d’une déﬁance, variable mais importante, envers les formes les plus instituées de la participation politique – de la non-inscription et de l’abstention électorale à l’indifférence à la politique – est certainement l’un des résultats les plus robustes de la science et de la sociologie politique des dernières décennies.
Chemical compositions and antibacterial activity of extracts obtained from the inflorescences of Cirsium canum (L.) all
Creators: name: Małgorzata Kozyra
name: Biernasiuk, Anna
name: Malm, Anna
name: Chowaniec, Marcin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Medicine
subject: Engineering
subject: Biochemistry

description: The aim of this study was to investigate phenolic acids and flavonoids in methanolic, dichloromethane, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts and fractions from inflorescences of Cirsium canum (L.). RP-HPLC analysis enabled identification of the following: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, linarin, apigenin, rutoside, luteolin and kaempferol. The antimicrobial activity of tested extracts was determined in vitro against reference microorganisms, including bacteria or fungi, belonging to yeasts. Our data showed that the tested extracts had no influence on the growth of the reference strains of Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts belonging to Candida spp. Among them, the fractions possessed the highest activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae belonging to pathogens and Streptococcus epidermidis, Bacilluscereus and Bacillus subtilis belonging to opportunistic microorganisms.
Human History and Göbeklitepe
Creators: name: Bengisu, Elif
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Human, History, Şanlıurfa, Göbeklitepe.

description: Şanlıurfa is known as the lands of the dawn of civilization and is located in regions so called as “Fertile Crescent” in archeology literature. From primitive religions to monotheistic religions, all religions emerged in this region. The very first agricultural practices were performed in this region and writing was invented also in this region. The male sculpture, so called as “Urfa Man”, came across during the excavations made within the scope of “Balıklıgöl Landscape Project” in 1992 and sent to Urfa Museum, was dated back to circa 10.000 BC and recorded as the oldest naturalistic life-sized sculpture of a human in archeology literature. This sculpture proved that Balıklıgöl and surroundings in Urfa city center were settled toward the end of Paleolithic age about 12.000 years ago (10.000 BC). At the end of this age, humans left the hunter and nomadic lifestyle and passed into permanent settlements, they established the very first villages and initiated agricultural practices for the first time and became producer societies. This age is also known as the age in which primitive religions emerged for the first time. Therefore, Şanlıurfa has a great place in world culture in terms of history of religions, history of agriculture and faith tourism. In archaeological excavations conducted in Göbeklitepe close to city center under the chairmanship of Prof. Dr. Klaus Schmidt, the oldest temple of the world belonging to ends of Paleolithic Age dated back to 12.000 years ago (10.000 BC) was explored. Such an exploration proved that Şanlıurfa was the oldest center of the believers in the world. Before Göbekli Tepe, archaeological excavations were conducted in Nevali Çori of Hilvan Town and a square-planned temple of Neolithic Age dated back to 8.500-8.000 BC was explored. Therefore, Nevali Çori led up the Göbeklitepe excavations. In several archeological excavations conducted in Şanlıurfa region, schematic idols to which Chalcolithic and Old Bronze Age Societies worshipped were explored. Several violin-type idols depicting homiform gods explored in Titriş Höyük Necropolis of Bozova Town and exhibited in Şanlıurfa Museum.
FastEMRIWaveforms: New tools for millihertz gravitational-wave data analysis
Creators: name: Katz, Michael L.
name: Chua, Alvin J. K.
name: Speri, Lorenzo
name: Warburton, Niels
name: Hughes, Scott A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the FastEMRIWaveforms (FEW) package, a collection of tools to build and analyze extreme mass ratio inspiral (EMRI) waveforms. Here, we expand on the Physical Review Letter that introduced the first fast and accurate fully-relativistic EMRI waveform template model. We discuss the construction of the overall framework; constituent modules; and the general methods used to accelerate EMRI waveforms. Because the fully relativistic FEW model waveforms are for now limited to eccentric orbits in the Schwarzschild spacetime, we also introduce an improved Augmented Analytic Kludge (AAK) model that describes generic Kerr inspirals. Both waveform models can be accelerated using graphics processing unit (GPU) hardware. With the GPU-accelerated waveforms in hand, a variety of studies are performed including an analysis of EMRI mode content, template mismatch, and fully Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based EMRI parameter estimation. We find relativistic EMRI waveform templates can be generated with fewer harmonic modes ($\sim10-100$) without biasing signal extraction. However, we show for the first time that extraction of a relativistic injection with semi-relativistic amplitudes can lead to strong bias and anomalous structure in the posterior distribution for certain regions of parameter space.
description: 26 pages, 12 Figures, FastEMRIWaveforms Package: bhptoolkit.org/FastEMRIWaveforms/
Attitudes of Greek drivers with focus on mobile phone use while driving
Creators: name: Yannis, George
name: Theofilatos, Athanasios
name: Marinou, Paraskevi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Engineering

description: Objective: This paper investigates the attitudes and behavior of Greek drivers with specific focus on mobile phone use while driving. Methods: The research is based on the data of the pan-European SARTRE 4 survey, which was conducted on a representative sample of Greek drivers in 2011. The analysis of the drivers' behavior was carried out by the statistical methods of factor and cluster analysis. Results: According to the results of factor analysis, Greek drivers' responses in the selected questions were summarized into four factors, describing road behavior, accident involvement probability, but also their views on issues concerning other drivers' road behavior, fatigue driving, enforcement for road safety and mobile phone use while driving. The results of cluster analysis indicated five different groups of Greek drivers: the moderate, the optimistic, the conservative, the risky and the reasonably cautious and the characteristics of each group where identified. Conclusions: These results may be useful for the appropriate design of targeted road safety campaigns and other countermeasures.
Atomic interactions for qubit-error compensations
Creators: name: Delvecchio, Michele
name: Petiziol, Francesco
name: Arimondo, Ennio
name: Wimberger, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental imperfections induce phase and population errors in quantum systems. We present a method to compensate unitary errors affecting also the population of the qubit states. This is achieved through the interaction of the target qubit with an additional control qubit. We show that our approach works well for single-photon and two-photon excitation schemes. In the first case, we study two reduced models (i) a two-level system in which the interaction corresponds to an effective level shift and (ii) a three-level one describing two qubits in the Bell triplet subspace. In the second case, instead, a double-STIRAP process is presented with comparable compensation efficiency with respect to the single-photon case.
description: Version 2, comments are very welcome
Hand Gesture Recognition Based on a Nonconvex Regularization
Creators: name: Qin, Jing
name: Ashley, Joshua
name: Xie, Biyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recognition of hand gestures is one of the most fundamental tasks in human-robot interaction. Sparse representation based methods have been widely used due to their efficiency and low demands on the training data. Recently, nonconvex regularization techniques including the $\ell_{1-2}$ regularization have been proposed in the image processing community to promote sparsity while achieving efficient performance. In this paper, we propose a vision-based hand gesture recognition model based on the $\ell_{1-2}$ regularization, which is solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Numerical experiments on binary and gray-scale data sets have demonstrated the effectiveness of this method in identifying hand gestures.
Experts, Errors, and Context: A Large-Scale Study of Human Evaluation for Machine Translation
Creators: name: Freitag, Markus
name: Foster, George
name: Grangier, David
name: Ratnakar, Viresh
name: Tan, Qijun
name: Macherey, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human evaluation of modern high-quality machine translation systems is a difficult problem, and there is increasing evidence that inadequate evaluation procedures can lead to erroneous conclusions. While there has been considerable research on human evaluation, the field still lacks a commonly-accepted standard procedure. As a step toward this goal, we propose an evaluation methodology grounded in explicit error analysis, based on the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework. We carry out the largest MQM research study to date, scoring the outputs of top systems from the WMT 2020 shared task in two language pairs using annotations provided by professional translators with access to full document context. We analyze the resulting data extensively, finding among other results a substantially different ranking of evaluated systems from the one established by the WMT crowd workers, exhibiting a clear preference for human over machine output. Surprisingly, we also find that automatic metrics based on pre-trained embeddings can outperform human crowd workers. We make our corpus publicly available for further research.
A Refined Inertial DC Algorithm for DC Programming
Creators: name: You, Yu
name: Niu, Yi-Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 90C26, 90C30, 68U10

description: In this paper we consider the difference-of-convex (DC) programming problems, whose objective function is the difference of two convex functions. The classical DC Algorithm (DCA) is well-known for solving this kind of problems, which generally returns a critical point. Recently, an inertial DC algorithm (InDCA) equipped with heavy-ball inertial-force procedure was proposed in de Oliveira et al. (Set-Valued and Variational Analysis 27(4):895--919, 2019), which potentially helps to improve both the convergence speed and the solution quality. Based on InDCA, we propose a refined inertial DC algorithm (RInDCA) equipped with enlarged inertial step-size compared with InDCA. Empirically, larger step-size accelerates the convergence. We demonstrate the subsequential convergence of our refined version to a critical point. In addition, by assuming the Kurdyka-Łojasiewicz (KL) property of the objective function, we establish the sequential convergence of RInDCA. Numerical simulations on checking copositivity of matrices and image denoising problem show the benefit of larger step-size.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures
Harnessing non-adiabatic excitations promoted by a quantum critical point
Creators: name: Abah, Obinna
name: De Chiara, Gabriele
name: Paternostro, Mauro
name: Puebla, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crossing a quantum critical point in finite time challenges the adiabatic condition due to the closing of the energy gap, which ultimately results in the formation of excitations. Such non-adiabatic excitations are typically deemed detrimental in many scenarios, and consequently several strategies have been put forward to circumvent their formation. Here, however, we show how these non-adiabatic excitations -- originated from the failure to meet the adiabatic condition due to the presence of a quantum critical point -- can be controlled and thus harnessed to perform certain tasks advantageously. We focus on closed cycles reaching the quantum critical point of fully-connected models analyzing two examples. First, a quantum battery that is loaded by approaching a quantum critical point, whose stored and extractable work increases exponentially via repeating cycles. Second, a scheme for the fast preparation of spin squeezed states containing multipartite entanglement that offer a metrological advantage. The corresponding figure of merit in both cases crucially depends on universal critical exponents and the scaling of the protocol driving the system in the vicinity of the transition. Our results highlight the rich interplay between quantum thermodynamics and metrology with critical nonequilibrium dynamics.
description: Comments welcome! 6+6 pages
Negative radiation pressure in metamaterials explained by light-driven atomic mass density rarefication waves
Creators: name: Partanen, Mikko
name: Tulkki, Jukka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The momentum and radiation pressure of light in negative-index metamaterials (NIMs) are commonly expected to reverse their direction from what is observed for normal materials. The negative refraction and inverse Doppler effect of light in NIMs have been experimentally observed, but the equally surprising phenomenon, the negative radiation pressure of light, still lacks experimental verification. We show by simulating the exact position- and time-dependent field-material dynamics in NIMs that the momentum and radiation pressure of light in NIMs can be either positive or negative depending on their subwavelength structure. In NIMs exhibiting negative radiation pressure, the negative total momentum of light is caused by the sum of the positive momentum of the electromagnetic field and the negative momentum of the material. The negative momentum of the material results from the optical force density, which drives atoms backward and reduces the local density of atoms at the site of the light field. In contrast to earlier works, light in NIMs exhibiting negative radiation pressure has both negative total momentum and energy. For the experimental discovery of the negative radiation pressure, one must carefully design the NIM structure and record the joint total pressure of the field and material momentum components.
Prabhakar discrete-time generalization of the time-fractional Poisson process and related random walks
Creators: name: Michelitsch, Thomas M.
name: Polito, Federico
name: Riascos, Alejandro P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years a huge interdisciplinary field has emerged which is devoted to the complex dynamics of anomalous transport with long-time memory and non-markovian features. It was found that the framework of fractional calculus and its generalizations are able to capture these phenomena. Many of the classical models are based on continuous-time renewal processes and use the Montroll Weiss continuous time random walk (CTRW) approach. On the other hand their discrete time counterparts are rarely considered in the literature despite their importance in various applications. The goal of the present paper is to give a brief sketch of our recently introduced discrete-time Prabhakar generalization of the fractional Poisson process and the related discrete-time random walk (DTRW) model. We show that this counting process is connected with the continuous time Prabhakar renewal process by a (well scaled) continuous-time limit. We deduce the state probabilities and discrete time generalized fractional Kolmogorov-Feller equations governing the Prabhakar DTRW and discuss effects such as long time memory (nonmarkovianity) as a hallmark of the complexity of the process.
description: 6 Pages, 1 Figure
Degradation of small simple and large complex lunar craters: Not a simple scale dependence
Creators: name: Riedel, Christian
name: Minton, David A.
name: Michael, Gregory
name: Orgel, Csilla
name: Bogert, Carolyn H. Van Der
name: Hiesinger, Harald
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cratering
subject: moon
subject: surface evolution
subject: crater equilibrium
subject: nonsparseness
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: The crater record of a planetary surface unit is often analyzed by its cumulative size‐frequency distribution (CSFD). Measuring CSFDs involves traditional approaches, such as traditional crater counting (TCC) and buffered crater counting (BCC), as well as geometric corrections, such as nonsparseness correction (NSC) and buffered nonsparseness correction (BNSC). NSC and BNSC consider the effects of geometric crater obliteration on the CSFD. On the Moon, crater obliteration leads to two distinct states in which obtained CSFDs do not match the production CSFD—crater equilibrium and nonsparseness. Crater equilibrium occurs when each new impact erases a preexisting crater of the same size. It is clearly observed on lunar terrains dominated by small simple craters with steep‐sloped production CSFDs, such as Imbrian to Eratosthenian‐era mare units. Nonsparseness, on the other hand, is caused by the geometric overlap of preexisting craters by a new impact, which is also known as “cookie cutting.” Cookie cutting is most clearly observed on lunar terrains dominated by large craters with shallow‐sloped production CSFDs, such as the pre‐Nectarian lunar highlands. We use the Cratered Terrain Evolution Model (CTEM) to simulate the evolution of a pre‐Nectarian surface unit. The model was previously used to simulate the diffusion‐induced equilibrium for small craters of the lunar maria. We find that relative to their size, large craters contribute less to the diffusion of the surrounding landscape than small craters. Thus, a simple scale dependence cannot account for the per‐crater contribution to degradation by small simple and large complex craters.
title: East Prussia 2.0
title: persistent regions, rising nations
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Polugodina, Maria
name: Grigoriadis, Theocharis
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: institutions
subject: political economy
subject: political preferences
subject: migration
subject: East Prussia
subject: West Germany
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::337 Weltwirtschaft

description: In this paper, we examine the economic and political effects of the breakup of East Prussia into what is today Poland, Russia and Lithuania. We explore the dissolution of imperial regions into the boundaries of modern states, adding new insights to the research on the imperial legacies. We expect that German imperial legacies in the form of advanced economic institutions, and specifically East Prussian legacies of nationalistic and conservative political preferences, persist in the territories of former East Prussia in Poland, Russia and Lithuania compared to neighboring regions in their respective countries. We find no pattern of persistence in former East Prussian territories of contemporary Poland, whereas East Prussian persistence appears to be robust in Lithuania. We find strong evidence for the comparative persistence of political preferences in the Kaliningrad region, whereas we observe no economic spillovers. Drawing evidence from West German electoral data in the aftermath of World War II, we find that the presence of East Prussian refugees is conducive to conservative and nationalist support in the FRG. Hence, the East Prussian legacy relates primarily to the persistence of political preferences and migrating agents.
A macro-microscopic coupled constitutive model for fluid-saturated porous media with compressible constituents
Creators: name: Liang, Jia-Yu
name: Li, Yue-Ming
name: Bauer, Erich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper provides a macro-microscopic coupled constitutive model for fluid-saturated porous media with respect to the compressibility of the solid skeleton, the real solid material and the fluid phase. The derivation of the model is carried out based on the porous media theory and is consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. In the present paper, two different sets of independent variables are introduced to implement the coupled behavior between the compressibility of the solid skeleton and the real solid material. Altogether the proposed model exploits five independent variables, i.e. the deviatoric part of the right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor, the partial density of solid phase, the density of the real solid material, the density of the real fluid material and the relative velocity of the fluid phase. Subsequently, the linearized version of the proposed constitutive model is also presented and compared with some models by other authors. It is found that Biot's model can also be derived based on the linearized version of the proposed model, which indicates that the present work bridges the gap between the porous media theory and Biot's model. Compared with Biot's model, the present model can provide the evolution of the porosity by considering the volumetric strain of the solid skeleton and the volumetric strain of the real solid material.
Beloitoceras Foerste 1924
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Oncocerida
Oncoceratidae
Beloitoceras

description: Genus Beloitoceras Foerste, 1924
Type species
Oncoceras pandion Hall, 1861, Black River Formation, Beloit, Wisconsin, USA; by original designation.
Diagnosis
Strongly curved, relatively slender brevicones with ovate, compressed cross section. Conch smooth or with fine transverse ornament. Maximum conch diameter situated within adapical half to third of body chamber. Antisiphuncular outline of conch concave over entire length in longitudinal section, prosiphuncular outline broadly convex. Five to eight chambers per distance similar to corresponding conch cross section. Body chamber short with well developed hyponomic sinus at convex side. Siphuncle slender, situated close to convex margin of conch curvature, with subtubular segments. Septal necks short suborthochoanitic to cyrtochoanitic. Connecting rings thin. (Compiled from Sweet 1964b and Frey 1995.)
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2013, The cephalopods of the Boda Limestone, Late Ordovician, of Dalarna, Sweden, pp. 1-110 in European Journal of Taxonomy 41 on page 17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2013.41, http://zenodo.org/record/3814221
Asymptotic Observables and the Swampland
Creators: name: Rudelius, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that constraints on scalar field potentials and towers of light massive states in asymptotic limits of scalar field space (as posited by the de Sitter Conjecture and the Swampland Distance Conjecture, respectively) are correlated with the prospects for defining asymptotic observables in expanding FRW cosmologies. The observations of a "census taker" in an eternally inflating cosmology are further related to the question of whether certain domain walls satisfy a version of the Weak Gravity Conjecture. This suggests that answers to fundamental questions about asymptotic observables in cosmology could help shed light on the Swampland program, and vice versa.
description: v2: 13 pages, 5 figures, minor changes and references added
RSK in last passage percolation: a unified approach
Creators: name: Dauvergne, Duncan
name: Nica, Mihai
name: Virág, Bálint
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a version of the RSK correspondence based on the Pitman transform and geometric considerations. This version unifies ordinary RSK, dual RSK and continuous RSK. We show that this version is both a bijection and an isometry, two crucial properties for taking limits of last passage percolation models. We use the bijective property to give a non-computational proof that dual RSK maps Bernoulli walks to nonintersecting Bernoulli walks.
Spin dynamics of itinerant electrons: local magnetic moment formation and Berry phase
Creators: name: Stepanov, E. A.
name: Brener, S.
name: Harkov, V.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Lichtenstein, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The state-of-the-art theoretical description of magnetic materials relies on solving effective Heisenberg spin problems or their generalizations to relativistic or multi-spin-interaction cases that explicitly assume the presence of local magnetic moments in the system. We start with a general interacting fermionic model that is often obtained in ab initio electronic structure calculations and show that the corresponding spin problem can be introduced even in the paramagnetic regime, which is characterized by a zero average value of the magnetization. Further, we derive a physical criterion for the formation of the local magnetic moment and confirm that the latter exists already at high temperatures well above the transition to the ordered magnetic state. The use of path-integral techniques allows us to disentangle spin and electronic degrees of freedom and to carefully separate rotational dynamics of the local magnetic moment from Higgs fluctuations of its absolute value. It also allows us to accurately derive the topological Berry phase and relate it to a physical bosonic variable that describes dynamics of the spin degrees of freedom. As the result, we demonstrate that the equation of motion in the case of a large magnetic moment takes a conventional Landau-Lifshitz form that explicitly accounts for the Gilbert damping due to itinerant nature of the original electronic model.
Growing Urban Bicycle Networks
Creators: name: Szell, Michael
name: Mimar, Sayat
name: Perlman, Tyler
name: Ghoshal, Gourab
name: Sinatra, Roberta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cycling is a promising solution to unsustainable urban transport systems. However, prevailing bicycle network development follows a slow and piecewise process, without taking into account the structural complexity of transportation networks. Here we explore systematically the topological limitations of urban bicycle network development. For 62 cities we study different variations of growing a synthetic bicycle network between an arbitrary set of points routed on the urban street network. We find initially decreasing returns on investment until a critical threshold, posing fundamental consequences to sustainable urban planning: Cities must invest into bicycle networks with the right growth strategy, and persistently, to surpass a critical mass. We also find pronounced overlaps of synthetically grown networks in cities with well-developed existing bicycle networks, showing that our model reflects reality. Growing networks from scratch makes our approach a generally applicable starting point for sustainable urban bicycle network planning with minimal data requirements.
description: Main text: 14 pages, 7 figures. Website: http://growbike.net
Chemical compositions and antibacterial activity of extracts obtained from the inflorescences of Cirsium canum (L.) all
Creators: name: Małgorzata Kozyra
name: Biernasiuk, Anna
name: Malm, Anna
name: Chowaniec, Marcin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The aim of this study was to investigate phenolic acids and flavonoids in methanolic, dichloromethane, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts and fractions from inflorescences of Cirsium canum (L.). RP-HPLC analysis enabled identification of the following: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside, linarin, apigenin, rutoside, luteolin and kaempferol. The antimicrobial activity of tested extracts was determined in vitro against reference microorganisms, including bacteria or fungi, belonging to yeasts. Our data showed that the tested extracts had no influence on the growth of the reference strains of Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts belonging to Candida spp. Among them, the fractions possessed the highest activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae belonging to pathogens and Streptococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis belonging to opportunistic microorganisms.
Efficacy of synthesis conditions on functionalized carbon nanotube blended cellulose acetate membrane for desalination
Creators: name: Hyeon-Gyu Choi
name: Yoon, Sang Hyeon
name: Son, Moon
name: Celik, Evrim
name: Hosik Park
name: Heechul Choi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Cellulose acetate membrane has been applied to reverse osmosis for desalination due to chlorine tolerance and biofouling resistance. Since it requires optimized synthesis condition for application, we investigated the effect of different conditions on membrane performances. It was found that polymer concentration, solvent ratio, and evaporation time were critical to determine membrane selectivity and permeability. Based on the study, optimized conditions were obtained, which were 14 wt% of polymer concentration, 1:2.9 of ratio of 1,4-dioxane to acetone, and 30 s of evaporation time. Further, functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were applied to the optimized bare membrane in order to enhance the performances. The composite membranes were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurement. It was found that the MWCNTs influenced the morphology and surface chemistry of the membrane. This study could contribute to develop a commercial composite RO membrane with nanomaterial for desalination application.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MULTICOMPONENT FEED SUPPLEMENT
Creators: name: Sergei Dotsenko, Lyudmila Kryuchkova
Publisher: name: TuEngr.com
Year: 2020
Subjects: Feed technology
Insoluble pulp residue
Calcium supplement feed
Protein supplement
Beta-carotene supplement
Energy intensity
Feed production efficiency.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 11, 6, 11A06B: 1-5
Efficacy of synthesis conditions on functionalized carbon nanotube blended cellulose acetate membrane for desalination
Creators: name: Hyeon-Gyu Choi
name: Yoon, Sang Hyeon
name: Son, Moon
name: Celik, Evrim
name: Hosik Park
name: Heechul Choi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Cellulose acetate membrane has been applied to reverse osmosis for desalination due to chlorine tolerance and biofouling resistance. Since it requires optimized synthesis condition for application, we investigated the effect of different conditions on membrane performances. It was found that polymer concentration, solvent ratio, and evaporation time were critical to determine membrane selectivity and permeability. Based on the study, optimized conditions were obtained, which were 14 wt% of polymer concentration, 1:2.9 of ratio of 1,4-dioxane to acetone, and 30 s of evaporation time. Further, functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were applied to the optimized bare membrane in order to enhance the performances. The composite membranes were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurement. It was found that the MWCNTs influenced the morphology and surface chemistry of the membrane. This study could contribute to develop a commercial composite RO membrane with nanomaterial for desalination application.