cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Wilson Loops and Area Laws in Lattice Gauge Theory Tensor Networks
Creators: name: Zohar, Erez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tensor network states have been a very prominent tool for the study of quantum many-body physics, thanks to their physically relevant entanglement properties and their ability to encode symmetries. In the last few years, the formalism has been extended and applied to theories with local symmetries to - lattice gauge theories. In the contraction of tensor network states as well as correlation functions of physical observables with respect to them, one uses the so-called transfer operator, whose local properties dictate the long-range behaviour of the state. In this work we study transfer operators of tensor network states (in particular, PEPS - projected entangled pair states) in the context of lattice gauge theories, and consider the implications of the local symmetry on their structure and properties. We focus on the Wilson loop - a nonlocal, gauge-invariant observable which is central to pure gauge theories, whose long range decay behaviour probes the confinement or deconfinement of static charges. Using the symmetry, we show how to handle its contraction, and formulate conditions relating local properties to its decay fashion.
[Elicitation session in pairs]
Creators: name: Palacio, Philip Tim
name: Cathcart, Chundra
name: Stickles, Elise
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cab

description: 2 WAV, 2 TextGrid, and 2 TXT files.
Garifuna intransitives, grammaticality judgements (ems_01).
Elicitation of phonological processes [recording was cut off] (cac_03).
THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SERVICES: A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS
Creators: name: McVeigh, Paul
name: McVeigh, Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper outlines a framework that will facilitate the assessment of the financial sustainability of proposed improvements in water and sanitation facilities. Financially sustainable services are those in which the revenues generated from the service users exceed the cost of providing the service. This analytical framework identifies the levels or amounts of the service that can be financially self-supporting. It will also reveal the extent of any subsidy that would be required for levels of the service at which the costs to provide the service exceed the revenues that can be generated. The framework that is used is the conventional supply and demand model of microeconomic theory. Three case studies illustrate how data from contingent valuation surveys can be readily brought into this framework.
Constraints on Yukawa-Type Deviations from Newtonian Gravity at 20 Microns
Creators: name: Smullin, S. J.
name: Geraci, A. A.
name: Weld, D. M.
name: Chiaverini, J.
name: Holmes, S.
name: Kapitulnik, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent theories of physics beyond the standard model have predicted deviations from Newtonian gravity at short distances. In order to test these theories, we have a built an apparatus that can measure attonewton-scale forces between gold masses separated by distances on the order of 25 microns. A micromachined silicon cantilever was used as the force sensor, and its displacement was measured with a fiber interferometer. We have used our measurements to set bounds on the magnitude alpha and length scale lambda of Yukawa-type deviations from Newtonian gravity; our results presented here yield the best experimental limit in the range of lambda=6--20 microns.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures; Reference added to Sec. I and summary paragraph added to Sec. IX. Typographical errors corrected
Additional file 1 of Focal adhesion kinase inhibition synergizes with nab-paclitaxel to target pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: T. Y. S. Le Large
name: M. F. Bijlsma
name: B. El Hassouni
name: G. Mantini
name: T. Lagerweij
name: A. A. Henneman
name: N. Funel
name: B. Kok
name: T. V. Pham
name: R. De Haas
name: L. Morelli
name: J. C. Knol
name: S. R. Piersma
name: G. Kazemier
name: H. W. M. Van Laarhoven
name: Giovannetti, E.
name: C. R. Jimenez
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Fig. 1. General description of phosphotyrosine-enriched analysis. a. Pearson correlation of technical replicates showed good correlation, replicate 1 represents a technical replicate in one dataset, while replicate 2 and 3 represent interexperiment replicates. b. Pie chart of all RTKs and non-RTKS identified in the discovery dataset show high coverage of the kinome. c. Unsupervised clustering of phosphorylated kinases identify an abundance of kinase activity. Supplemental Fig. 2. Evaluation of kinases and FAK in PDAC. a. Outlier analysis of kinases in the discovery dataset showed no outlier phosphorylation (Grubbs’ test, threshold 1%) in the top 10 phosphorylated kinases. Bar shows median with range. b. Phosphorylated FAK represents a significant quantity of total kinases identified. c. Sensitivity curves of VS-4718 and d. TAE226 confirms effectiveness of FAK inhibition in PDAC. (Error bars are SEM of biological replicates, n = 3). Supplemental Fig. 3. Defactinib is a potent FAK inhibitor. a. Unsupervised clustering of Suit-2 cells treated with vehicle or defactinib after two hours showed different clusters. b. Heatmap of INKA score upon treatment with defactinib. c. INKA score comparison of FAK activity d. Bar graph of significantly downregulated phosphopeptides (PP) of FAK substrates (Error bars are SD of biological replicates, n = 2, t-test *
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF FORAGE PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION ON IRISH FARMS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON BEEF PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Connolly, John Augustine
name: Connolly, John Augustine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Farm Management

description: At present Ireland is a keen applicant for admission into the European Economic community. Sheehy has stated that if Ireland becomes a full member of this community it will have a comparative advantage in the production of grass products. This will be particularly true in the case of beef production. With this in mind the main objective of this research paper was to introduce how the grass crop has fitted into the Irish farming scene up to now and what recommendations should be made in order to maximize net returns from this forage crop in the future.
An Integer Arithmetic-Based Sparse Linear Solver Using a GMRES Method and Iterative Refinement
Creators: name: Iwashita, Takeshi
name: Suzuki, Kengo
name: Fukaya, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we develop a (preconditioned) GMRES solver based on integer arithmetic, and introduce an iterative refinement framework for the solver. We describe the data format for the coefficient matrix and vectors for the solver that is based on integer or fixed-point numbers. To avoid overflow in calculations, we introduce initial scaling and logical shifts (adjustments) of operands in arithmetic operations. We present the approach for operand shifts, considering the characteristics of the GMRES algorithm. Numerical tests demonstrate that the integer arithmetic-based solver with iterative refinement has comparable solver performance in terms of convergence to the standard solver based on floating-point arithmetic. Moreover, we show that preconditioning is important, not only for improving convergence but also reducing the risk of overflow.
Chiral approach to phi radiative decays
Creators: name: Black, Deirdre
name: Harada, Masayasu
name: Schechter, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radiative decays of the phi meson are known to be a good source of information about the a0(980) and f0(980) scalar mesons. We discuss these decays starting from a non-linear model Lagrangian which maintains the (broken) chiral symmetry for the pseudoscalar (P), scalar (S) and vector (V) nonets involved. The characteristic feature is derivative coupling for the SPP interaction. In an initial approximation which models all the scalar nonet radiative processes together with the help of a point like vertex, it is noted that the derivative coupling prevents the a0 and f0 resonance peaks from getting washed out (by falling phase space). However, the shapes of the two final PP mass distributions do not agree well with the experimental ones. For improving the situation we verify that the inclusion of the charged K meson loop diagrams in the model does reproduce the experimental spectrum shapes in the resonance region. The derivative coupling introduces quadratic as well as logaritmic divergneces in this calculation. Using dimensional regularization we show that these divergences actually cancel out among the four diagrams, as expected from gauge invariance. We point out the features which are expected to be important for further work on this model and for learning more about the puzzling scalar mesons.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures, dedicated to celebration of sixtieth birthday of Rafael Sorkin
The signature of a fibre bundle is multiplicative mod 4
Creators: name: Hambleton, Ian
name: Korzeniewski, Andrew
name: Ranicki, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R25

description: We express the signature modulo 4 of a closed, oriented, $4k$-dimensional $PL$ manifold as a linear combination of its Euler characteristic and the new absolute torsion invariant defined in Korzeniewski [11]. Let $F \to E \to B$ be a $PL$ fibre bundle, where $F$, $E$ and $B$ are closed, connected, and compatibly oriented $PL$ manifolds. We give a formula for the absolute torsion of the total space $E$ in terms of the absolute torsion of the base and fibre, and then combine these two results to prove that the signature of $E$ is congruent modulo 4 to the product of the signatures of $F$ and $B$.
description: v2: Improved proof of Proposition 9.3
Device for in-situ cleaving of hard crystals
Creators: name: Schmid, M.
name: Renner, A.
name: Giessibl, F. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cleaving crystals in a vacuum chamber is a simple method for obtaining atomically flat and clean surfaces for materials that have a preferential cleaving plane. Most in-situ cleavers use parallel cutting edges that are applied from two sides on the sample. We found in ambient experiments that diagonal cutting pliers, where the cleavage force is introduced in a single point instead of a line work very well also for hard materials. Here, we incorporate the diagonal cutting plier principle in a design compatible with ultra-high vacuum requirements. We show optical microscopy (mm scale) and atomic force microscopy (atomic scale) images of NiO(001) surfaces cleaved with this device.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures Submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments (2005)
title: Second-Order Uncertainty Quantification: A Distance-Based Approach
Creators: name: Yusuf, Sale
name: Bengs, Viktor
name: Caprio, Michele
name: Hüllermeier, Eyke
Publisher: name: PMLR
Year: 2024

description: In the past couple of years, various approaches to representing and quantifying different types of predictive uncertainty in machine learning, notably in the setting of classification, have been proposed on the basis of second-order probability distributions, i.e., predictions in the form of distributions on probability distributions. A completely conclusive solution has not yet been found, however, as shown by recent criticisms of commonly used uncertainty measures associated with second-order distributions, identifying undesirable theoretical properties of these measures. In light of these criticisms, we propose a set of formal criteria that meaningful uncertainty measures for predictive uncertainty based on second-order distributions should obey. Moreover, we provide a general framework for developing uncertainty measures to account for these criteria, and offer an instantiation based on the Wasserstein distance, for which we prove that all criteria are satisfied.
PRICE RESPONSE OF NIGERIAN PALM PRODUCTS
Creators: name: Teigen, Lloyd D.
name: Teigen, Lloyd D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The oil palm has been the most important of the three major cash crops in the southern region of Nigeria. During the period 1955-1964, exports of palm kernels and palm oil averaged over 33 million per year, about 21 percent of the value of Nigerian exports in this period. This compares with the value of cocoa exports of about 32 million and the value of exported rubber of about 10 million. The other major agricultural export is groundnuts (peanuts), grown in the North, which averaged 28 million in exports. During this approximately same period the marketing boards, the sole buyers of exported palm products, performed primarily the fiscal role of assembling funds to support development programs. With the introduction of new information on the productivity of marketing board (development corporation) investment and the availability of alternative sources of revenue (petroleum), the beliefs underlying the old policies are being questioned. The direct implication of this is that new pricing policies should be considered.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT FOOD GRAIN PRICE POLICIES IN SOMALIA, 1971-1983
Creators: name: Wehelie, Yassin J.
name: Wehelie, Yassin J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper is a retrospective analysis of the effects of Somalia's price policies for maize and sorghum between 1971 and 1983. Maize and sorghum are the two most important dietary staple foods and represent over 96 percent of the cereal production of the country. Since the early 1970's, the government has pursued an economic policy framework which emphasized the public sector and parastatals were given a prominent role in agricultural production and marketing activities. Private trade in maize and sorghum was banned during this period, and a government agency took over the grain marketing and distribution activities in the country. Despite the government's goals to increase cereal production, maize and sorghum output stagnated during the period and declined on a per capita basis. The purpose of this paper is to provide the information necessary for understanding the impact of the price policies pursued by the government for these two major crops on farmer's incentives, production and consumption patterns, and economic efficiency. The paper examines the various effects of the pricing policies through an analysis based on the limited data available about the country. The analysis is expected to reveal the social costs and/or gains of cheap food-grain policies, and the tradeoffs involved between consumer subsidization and attempts to persuade farmers to increase output. It is necessary, however, to point out here that this analysis is solely based on the static, short-run effects of lower product prices and is by no means an advocacy of price fundamentalism. Although prices play a major role in influencing the quantities produced and consumed of individual crops and aggregate agricultural output, this paper does not downplay the importance of technological advancement and supporting services in agriculture as a crucial part of comprehensive government policy packages required for increasing agricultural productivity and output.
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT: A GUIDE FOR THE MARKETING PRACTITIONER INVOLVED IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Ooijen, Rudy
name: Ooijen, Rudy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The main objective of this paper is to develop a general framework for rural development in which marketing will play a major role. This framework could make the "learning by doing" process more efficient and effective. Specific goals of this paper are to provide the reader with: (1) a better overall understanding of the rural development and marketing development process, (2) an analysis of approaches used by rural development projects in their effort to improve rural marketing, and (3) a systematic approach to rural marketing development. The focus will be on the semi-subsistence and subsistence farmers, who provide a major share of total production and marketed surplus in most developing countries. The importance of the development of the small-holder sector should be seen not only in terms of increasing rural incomes but also as creating a domestic market for the goods and services supplies by the urban sector.
Testing High-latitude Curvature Effect of Gamma-Ray Bursts with {\it Fermi} Data: Evidence of Bulk Acceleration in Prompt Emission
Creators: name: Li, Liang
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a gamma-ray burst (GRB) emitter stops emission abruptly, the observer receives rapidly fading emission from high latitudes with respect to the line of sight, known as the ``curvature effect''. Identifying such emission from GRB prompt-emission lightcurves would constrain the radius of prompt emission from the central engine and the composition of GRB jets. We perform a dedicated search of high-latitude emission (HLE) through spectral and temporal analyses of a sample of single-pulse bursts detected by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor on board the {\it Fermi} satellite. We identify HLE from a subsample of bursts and constrain the emission radius to be $R_{\rm GRB} \sim (10^{15}-10^{16})$ cm from the central engine. Some bursts have the HLE decay faster than predicted by a constant Lorentz factor jet, suggesting that the emission region is undergoing acceleration during prompt emission. This supports the Poynting-flux-dominated jet composition for these bursts. The conclusion is consistent with previous results drawn from spectral-lag modeling of prompt emission and HLE analysis of X-ray flares.
description: 36 pages, 7 figures including 126 panels, 4 tables, published in ApJS on 2021 March 23
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING CALIFORNIA WATER ALLOCATION: ANALYSIS OF CALIFORNIA WATER SYSTEMS UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS
Creators: name: Cappalla, Rocco V.
name: Cappalla, Rocco V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Alleviating excess demand for water is a reoccurring issue in California. An analytical framework is developed to examine the different ways to eliminate excess demand for water in California. Four ways are examined in the marshallian cross framework. First, shifting the supply schedule to the right. Second, shifting the demand schedule to the left. Third, increasing the price of water to the equilibrium point. Fourth, closing the excess demand gap by administratively rationing the quantity of water consumed. The role of institutions in determining the price of water and building infrastructure to increase the stock of water is examined An analysis of household water consumption behavior during the drought of 1987-91 reveals that households voluntarily forwent water consumption. Models of social capital are used to explain the forgone water consumption by households during the drought. The determinants of demand include social capital. The traditional reliance on increased physical capital as a way to reduce excess demand for water is compared to the use of social capital as a way to reduce excess demand. Social capital will increase in importance as physical capital exhibits decreasing return to investment.
Additional file 1 of Cardio-metabolic and socio-demographic risk factors associated with dependency in basic and instrumental activities of daily living among older Iranian adults: Bushehr elderly health program
Creators: name: Khalagi, Kazem
name: Ansarifar, Akram
name: Fahimfar, Noushin
name: Sanjari, Mahnaz
name: Gharibzdeh, Safoora
name: Sharifi, Farshad
name: Shafiee, Gita
name: Heshmat, Ramin
name: Nabipour, Iraj
name: Larijani, Bagher
name: Ostovar, Afshin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. DAG of cardio-metabolic/socio-demographic risk factors and BADL/IADL.
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING IN TANZANIA, 1969-1974: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Zegge, Barnabas K.
name: Zegge, Barnabas K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1972
Subjects: International Development

description: Generally, economists have analyzed development planning in developing countries (LDC's) under the following aspects. First, attention is focused on the plan strategies, policies and targets. Special emphasis is often devoted to whether the targets have been or could be achieved over the relevant time periods. Secondly, in recent years attention has also been given to the techniques of planning. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the agricultural development planning process adopted in the Tanzania's Second Five Year Plan for Social and Economic Development, 1969-74.
The dimension-shift conjecture for one-loop amplitudes
Creators: name: Britto, Ruth
name: Jehu, Guy R.
name: Orta, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A conjecture made by Bern, Dixon, Dunbar, and Kosower asserts a simple dimension-shifting relationship between the one-loop structure of N = 4 MHV amplitudes and all-plus helicity amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills theory. We prove this conjecture to all orders in dimensional regularisation using unitarity cuts, and evaluate the form of these simplest one-loop amplitudes using a generalised D-dimensional unitarity technique which captures the full amplitude to all multiplicities.
description: 31 pages excluding citations
Long Time Tail of the Velocity Autocorrelation Function in a Two-Dimensional Moderately Dense Hard Disk Fluid
Creators: name: Isobe, Masaharu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alder and Wainwright discovered the slow power decay $\sim t^{-d/2}$ ($d$:dimension) of the velocity autocorrelation function in moderately dense hard sphere fluids using the event-driven molecular dynamics simulations. In the two-dimensional case, the diffusion coefficient derived using the time correlation expression in linear response theory shows logarithmic divergence, which is called the ``2D long-time-tail problem''. We revisited this problem to perform a large-scale, long-time simulation with one million hard disks using a modern efficient algorithm and found that the decay of the long tail in moderately dense fluids is slightly faster than the power decay ($\sim 1/t$). We also compared our numerical data with the prediction of the self-consistent mode-coupling theory in the long time limit ($\sim 1/(t\sqrt{\ln{t}})$).
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E
A unified scenario for the origin of spiral and elliptical galaxy structural scaling laws
Creators: name: Ferrero, I.
name: Navarro, J. F.
name: Abadi, M. G.
name: Benavides, J. A.
name: Mast, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elliptical (E) and spiral (S) galaxies follow tight, but different, scaling laws that link their stellar masses, radii, and characteristic velocities. Mass and velocity, for example, scale tightly in spirals with little dependence on galaxy radius (the "Tully-Fisher relation"; TFR). On the other hand, ellipticals appear to trace a 2D surface in size-mass-velocity space (the "Fundamental Plane"; FP). Over the years, a number of studies have attempted to understand these empirical relations, usually in terms of variations of the virial theorem for E galaxies and in terms of the scaling relations of dark matter halos for spirals. We use Lambda cold dark matter (LCDM) cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to show that the scaling relations of both ellipticals and spirals arise as the result of (i) a tight galaxy mass-dark halo mass relation and (ii) the self-similar mass profile of cold dark matter halos. In this interpretation, E and S galaxies of a given stellar mass inhabit halos of similar masses, and their different scaling laws result from the varying amounts of dark matter enclosed within their luminous radii. This scenario suggests a new galaxy distance indicator applicable to galaxies of all morphologies and provides simple and intuitive explanations for long-standing puzzles, such as why the TFR is independent of surface brightness, or what causes the "tilt" in the FP. Our results provide strong support for the predictions of LCDM in the strongly non-linear regime, as well as guidance for further improvements to cosmological simulations of galaxy formation.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
U.S. FARM NON-REAL ESTATE DEBT: A PROFILE AND FORECAST
Creators: name: Williams, Anne Nadia
name: Williams, Anne Nadia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: No macroeconomic theory of debt exists. This study proposes that the supply of and demand for farm non-real estate debt (excluding commodity credit corporation program payments) can be explained by levels of income, wealth, input price variables and the cost of money. The effects of three macroeconomic variables, deflated gross national product, deflated exchange rate and inflation are also studied. Positive relationships between all variables (except exchange rate) and non-real estate debt are hypothesized by generalizing about the debt attitudes of the subgroup of farmers with sales of $100,000 and over. This group was selected as the focus group because it has been the largest contributor to aggregate farm non-real estate debt in recent years. The rationale is that this group is wealthy enough to translate increases in costs into higher debt levels.
Additional file 1 of Primary care physician volume and quality of care for older adults with dementia: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Lane, Natasha E.
name: Ling, Vicki
name: Glazier, Richard H.
name: Stukel, Thérèse A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Data sources.
Tourism, Jobs, Capital Accumulation and the Economy: A Dynamic Analysis
Creators: name: Chao, Chi-Chur
name: Hazari, Bharat R.
name: Sgro, Pasquale M.
name: Laffargue, Jean-Pierre
name: Yu, Eden S.H.
name: Chao, Chi-Chur
name: Hazari, Bharat R.
name: Sgro, Pasquale M.
name: Laffargue, Jean-Pierre
name: Yu, Eden S.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper examines the effects of tourism in a dynamic model of trade on unemployment, capital accumulation and resident welfare. A tourism boom improves the terms of trade, increases labor employment, but lowers capital accumulation. The reduction in the capital stock depends on the degree of factor intensity. When the traded sector is weakly capital intensive, the expansion of tourism improves welfare. However, when the traded sector is strongly capital intensive, the fall in capital can be a dominant factor in lowering national welfare. This dynamic immiserizing result of tourism on resident welfare is confirmed by simulations on German data.
Design of amino acid sequences to fold into C_alpha-model proteins
Creators: name: Amatori, A.
name: Tiana, G.
name: Sutto, L.
name: Ferkinghoff-Borg, J.
name: Trovato, A.
name: Broglia, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In order to extend the results obtained with minimal lattice models to more realistic systems, we study a model where proteins are described as a chain of 20 kinds of structureless amino acids moving in a continuum space and interacting through a contact potential controlled by a 20x20 quenched random matrix. The goal of the present work is to design and characterize amino acid sequences folding to the SH3 conformation, a 60-residues recognition domain common to many regulatory proteins. We show that a number of sequences can fold, starting from a random conformation, to within a distance root mean square deviation (dRMSD) of 2.6A from the native state. Good folders are those sequences displaying in the native conformation an energy lower than a sequence--independent threshold energy.
Additional file 2 of Primary care physician volume and quality of care for older adults with dementia: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Lane, Natasha E.
name: Ling, Vicki
name: Glazier, Richard H.
name: Stukel, Thérèse A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2. Variable Coding.
Uncovering the Macrostructure of Tourists' Preferences. A Choice Experiment Analysis of Tourism Demand to Sardinia
Creators: name: Brau, Rinaldo
name: Cao, Davide
name: Brau, Rinaldo
name: Cao, Davide
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper studies the preferences of tourists visiting the island of Sardinia (Italy), by means of a choice modelling approach. The focus is on some specific demand-enhancing effects which should confirm the feasibility of implementing sustainable tourism policies. Multinomial logit estimations reveal the strong negative effects resulting from the congestion of tourist attractions and the major transformation of coastal environments. On the other hand, recreational services and the proximity of accommodation to the beaches also seem to be important. The computation of willingness to pay measures and choice probabilities for hypothetical destinations illustrate how this kind of approach can provide useful information in determining decision processes by policy makers and development agencies.
Weighted Norms of Ambiguity Functions and Wigner Distributions
Creators: name: Jung, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article new bounds on weighted p-norms of ambiguity functions and Wigner functions are derived. Such norms occur frequently in several areas of physics and engineering. In pulse optimization for Weyl--Heisenberg signaling in wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering channels for example it is a key step to find the optimal waveforms for a given scattering statistics which is a problem also well known in radar and sonar waveform optimizations. The same situation arises in quantum information processing and optical communication when optimizing pure quantum states for communicating in bosonic quantum channels, i.e. find optimal channel input states maximizing the pure state channel fidelity. Due to the non-convex nature of this problem the optimum and the maximizers itself are in general difficult find, numerically and analytically. Therefore upper bounds on the achievable performance are important which will be provided by this contribution. Based on a result due to E. Lieb, the main theorem states a new upper bound which is independent of the waveforms and becomes tight only for Gaussian weights and waveforms. A discussion of this particular important case, which tighten recent results on Gaussian quantum fidelity and coherent states, will be given. Another bound is presented for the case where scattering is determined only by some arbitrary region in phase space.
description: 5 twocolumn pages,2 figures, accepted for 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, typos corrected, some additional cites, legend in Fig.2 corrected
An Analysis of the Evolution of Tourism Destinations from the Point of View of the Economic Growth Theory
Creators: name: Lozano, Javier
name: Gomez Gomez, Carlos Mario
name: Rey-Maquieira, Javier
name: Lozano, Javier
name: Gomez Gomez, Carlos Mario
name: Rey-Maquieira, Javier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: In this paper we try to build a bridge between the traditional analysis of the evolution of tourism destinations and economic growth theory. With such an aim we develop an environmental growth model for an economy specialized in tourism and we derive the pattern of tourism development with numerical calculations. The results of our simulations do not contradict the general pattern of evolution implied in the Tourism Area Life Cycle Hypothesis, being environmental deterioration and public goods congestion the main reasons for the stagnation of the tourism destination. We also show the importance of the quality of private tourism services in the evolution of the tourism destination.
Additional file 3 of Primary care physician volume and quality of care for older adults with dementia: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Lane, Natasha E.
name: Ling, Vicki
name: Glazier, Richard H.
name: Stukel, Thérèse A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 3. Additional Data & analyses.
Deformations, relaxation and broken symmetries in liquids, solids and glasses: a unified topological field theory
Creators: name: Baggioli, Matteo
name: Landry, Michael
name: Zaccone, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine hydrodynamic and field theoretic methods to develop a general theory of phonons as Goldstone bosons in crystals, glasses and liquids based on non-affine displacements and the consequent Goldstones phase relaxation. We relate the conservation, or lack thereof, of specific higher-form currents with properties of the underlying deformation field -- non-affinity -- which dictates how molecules move under an applied stress or deformation. In particular, the single-valuedness of the deformation field is associated with conservation of higher-form charges that count the number of topological defects. Our formalism predicts, from first principles, the presence of propagating shear waves above a critical wave-vector in liquids, thus giving the first formal derivation of the phenomenon in terms of fundamental symmetries. The same picture provides also a theoretical explanation of the corresponding "positive sound dispersion" phenomenon for longitudinal sound. Importantly, accordingly to our theory, the main collective relaxation timescale of a liquid or a glass (known as the $α$ relaxation for the latter) is given by the phase relaxation time, which is not necessarily related to the Maxwell time. Finally, we build a non-equilibrium effective action using the in-in formalism defined on the Schwinger-Keldysh contour, that further supports the emerging picture. In summary, our work suggests that the fundamental difference between solids, fluids and glasses has to be identified with the associated generalized higher-from global symmetries and their topological structure, and that the Burgers vector for the displacement fields serves as a suitable topological order parameter distinguishing the solid (ordered) phase and the amorphous ones (fluids, glasses).
description: v2: presentation improved
Prototype scintillator cell for an In-based solar neutrino detector
Creators: name: Motta, Dario
name: Buck, Christian
name: Hartmann, Francis Xavier
name: Lasserre, Thierry
name: Schönert, Stefan
name: Schwan, Ute
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the work carried out at MPIK to design, model, build and characterize a prototype cell filled with a novel indium-loaded scintillator of interest for real-time low energy solar neutrino spectroscopy. First, light propagation in optical modules was studied with experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. Subsequently a 5 cm x 5 cm x 100 cm prototype detector was set up and the optical performances of several samples were measured. We first tested a benchmark PXE-based scintillator, which performed an attenuation length of ~ 4.2 m and a photo-electron yield of ~ 730 pe/MeV. Then we measured three In-loaded samples. At an In-loading of 44 g/l, an energy resolution of ~ 11.6 % and a spatial resolution of ~ 7 cm were attained for 477 keV recoil electrons. The long-range attenuation length in the cell was ~1.3 m and the estimated photo-electron yield ~ 200 pe/MeV. Light attenuation and relative light output of all tested samples could be reproduced reasonably well by MC. All optical properties of this system have remained stable over a period of > 1 y.
description: 57 pages, 19 figures, 10 tables elsevier template for manuscript submission submitted to NIMA 10 February 2005
Bose-Einstein Condensation and Supersolids
Creators: name: Alexanian, Moorad
name: Mkrtchian, Vanik E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider interacting Bose particles in an external potential. It is shown that a Bose-Einstein condensate is possible at finite temperatures that describes a supersolid in three dimensions (3D) for a wide range of potentials in the absence of an external potential. However, for 2D, a self-organized supersolid exists for finite temperatures provided the interaction between bosons is nonlocal and of infinitely long-range. It is interesting that in the absence of the latter type of potential and in the presence of a lattice potential, there is no Bose-Einstein condensate and so in such a case, a 2D supersolid is not possible at finite temperatures. We also propose the correct Bloch form of the condensate wave function valid for finite temperatures, which may be used as the correct trial wave function.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1104.2860
Optimal Soil Management and Environmental Policy
Creators: name: Lafforgue, Gilles
name: Oueslati, Walid
name: Lafforgue, Gilles
name: Oueslati, Walid
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper studies the effects of environmental policy on the farmer's soil optimal management. We consider a dynamic economic model of soil erosion where the intensity use of inputs allows the farmer to control soil losses. Therefore, inputs use induces a pollution which is accentuated by the soil fragility. We show, at the steady state, that the environmental tax induces a more conservative farmer behavior for soil, but in some cases it can exacerbate pollution. These effects can be moderated when farmers introduce abatement activity.
Nonequilibrium relaxation analysis of a quasi-one-dimensional frustrated XY model for charge-density waves in ring-shaped crystals
Creators: name: Nogawa, Tomoaki
name: Nemoto, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model for charge density waves in ring shaped crystals, which depicts frustration between intra- and inter-chain couplings coming from cylindrical bending. It is then mapped to a three dimensional uniformly frustrated XY model with one dimensional anisotropy in connectivity. The nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics is investigated by Monte Carlo simulations to find a phase transition which is quite different from that of usual whisker crystal. We also find that the low temperature state is a three dimensional phase vortex lattice with a two dimensional phase coherence in a cylindrical shell and the system shows power law relaxation in the ordered phase.
description: 6 pages, 6 epsfiles, revised version
Deionization Shocks in Crossflow
Creators: name: Schlumpberger, Sven
name: Smith, Raymond B.
name: Tian, Huanhuan
name: Mani, Ali
name: Bazant, Martin Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shock electrodialysis is a recently developed electrochemical water treatment method which shows promise for water deionization and ionic separations. Although simple models and scaling laws have been proposed, a predictive theory has not yet emerged to fit experimental data and enable system design. Here, we extend and analyze existing "leaky membrane" models for the canonical case of a steady shock in cross flow, as in recent experimental prototypes. Two-dimensional numerical solutions are compared with analytical boundary-layer approximations and experimental data. The boundary-layer theory accurately reproduces the simulation results for desalination, and both models predict the data collapse of the desalination factor with dimensionless current, scaled to the incoming convective flux of cations. The numerical simulation also predicts the water recovery increase with current. Nevertheless, both approaches cannot quantitatively fit the transition from normal to over-limiting current, which suggests gaps in our understanding of extreme electrokinetic phenomena in porous media.
Additional file 1 of Healthcare professionals’ perspective on treatment burden and patient capacity in low-income rural populations: challenges and opportunities
Creators: name: Hardman, Ruth
name: Begg, Stephen
name: Spelten, Evelien
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. COREQ checklist.
A luminous X-ray transient in SDSS J143359.16+400636.0: a likely tidal disruption event
Creators: name: Brightman, Murray
name: Ward, Charlotte
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Mooley, Kunal
name: De, Kishalay
name: Gezari, Suvi
name: Van Velzen, Sjoert
name: Andreoni, Igor
name: Graham, Matthew
name: Masci, Frank J.
name: Riddle, Reed
name: Zolkower, Jeffry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of a luminous X-ray transient, serendipitously detected by Swift's X-ray Telescope (XRT) on 2020 February 5, located in the nucleus of the galaxy SDSS J143359.16+400636.0 at z=0.099 (luminosity distance $D_{\rm L}=456$ Mpc). The transient was observed to reach a peak luminosity of $\sim10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in the 0.3--10 keV X-ray band, which was $\sim20$ times more than the peak optical/UV luminosity. Optical, UV, and X-ray lightcurves from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and Swift show a decline in flux from the source consistent with $t^{-5/3}$, and observations with NuSTAR and Chandra show a soft X-ray spectrum with photon index $Γ=2.9\pm0.1$. The X-ray/UV properties are inconsistent with well known AGN properties and have more in common with known X-ray tidal disruption events (TDE), leading us to conclude that it was likely a TDE. The broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) can be described well by a disk blackbody model with an inner disk temperature of $7.3^{+0.3}_{-0.8}\times10^{5}$ K, with a large fraction ($>40$%) of the disk emission up-scattered into the X-ray band. An optical spectrum taken with Keck/LRIS after the X-ray detection reveals LINER line ratios in the host galaxy, suggesting low-level accretion on to the supermassive black hole prior to the event, but no broad lines or other indications of a TDE were seen. The stellar velocity dispersion implies the mass of the supermassive black hole powering the event is log($M_{\rm BH}$/$M_{\odot}$)$=7.41\pm0.41$, and we estimate that at peak the Eddington fraction of this event was $\sim$50%. This likely TDE was not identified by wide-field optical surveys, nor optical spectroscopy, indicating that more events like this would be missed without wide-field UV or X-ray surveys.
description: Accepted for publication by ApJ. Accepted version now replaces initial submission
When is it Optimal to Exhaust a Resource in a Finite Time?
Creators: name: Farzin, Y. Hossein
name: Akao, Ken-Ichi
name: Farzin, Y. Hossein
name: Akao, Ken-Ichi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Exhaustion of a natural resource stock may be a rational choice for an individual and/or a community, even if a sustainable use for the resource is feasible and the resource users are farsighted and well informed on the ecosystem. We identify conditions under which it is optimal not to sustain resource use. These conditions concern the discounting of future benefits, instability of social system or ecosystem, nonconvexity of natural growth function, socio-psychological value of employment, and strategic interaction among resource users. The identification of these conditions can help design policies to prevent unsustainable patterns of resource use.