cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cracks Cleave Crystals
Creators: name: Marder, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of finding what direction cracks should move is not completely solved. A commonly accepted way to predict crack directions is by computing the density of elastic potential energy stored well away from the crack tip, and finding a direction of crack motion to maximize the consumption of this energy. I provide here a specific case where this rule fails. The example is of a crack in a crystal. It fractures along a crystal plane, rather than in the direction normally predicted to release the most energy. Thus, a correct equation of motion for brittle cracks must take into account both energy flows that are described in conventional continuum theories and details of the environment near the tip that are not.
description: 6 pages
Photovoltaic array influences the growth of green roof plants
Creators: name: Bousselot, Jennifer
name: Slabe, Thomas
name: Klett, James
name: Koski, Ronda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70699 Horticultural Production not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: A multi-faceted research project was conducted on a modular green roof in semi-arid, high elevation Denver, Colorado U.S.A. A photovoltaic (PV) array ran along the southeastern edge of the research area and visibly influenced the plant growth, cover and biomass. Plants grown near the PV prospered compared to plants in the exposed area. Average summer temperatures in the modules under the PV array were cooler with less temperature variation compared to the modules located in the exposed areas of the green roof. Shading structures integrated on green roofs may produce effects that resemble natural ecotones tending towards greater plant coverage and biomass, and therefore greater green roof resilience.
Monedula septentrionalis C. L. Brehm
Creators: name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Ptilonorhynchidae
Monedula
Monedula septentrionalis

description: Monedula septentrionalis C.L. Brehm
Monedula septentrionalis C.L. Brehm, 1831: 173 (Sie bewohnt das nördliche Europa, kommt namentlich bei Helsingöer vor, nur zuweilen in das nordwestliche Deutschland).
Now Corvus monedula spermologus Vieillot, 1817. See Hartert, 1918a: 8; Vaurie, 1959: 165; Dickinson, 2003: 512; and dos Anjos, 2009: 617.
PROBABLE HOLOTYPE: AMNH 674146, adult female, collected at Helsingør (= Helsingöer), 56.03N, 12.38E (Times Atlas), Sjaelland Island, Denmark, in October 1823. From the Brehm Collection via the Rothschild Collection.
COMMENTS: Brehm, in his description of septentrionalis, did not indicate how many specimens he examined nor designate a type. Hartert (1918a: 8) detailed why he considered this specimen to be Brehm’s type and perhaps his only specimen from northern Europe. If he had others, then Hartert, by listing this specimen as the type, designated it the lectotype.
description: Published as part of Lecroy, Mary, 2014, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae, pp. 1-165 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (393) on page 122, DOI: 10.1206/885.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4629954
THE ROLE OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IN A CHANGING EXPORT MARKET
Creators: name: Horner, Gerald L.
name: Putler, Daniel S.
name: Garifo, Susan E.
name: Horner, Gerald L.
name: Putler, Daniel S.
name: Garifo, Susan E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: Irrigated acreage in the United States would increase by 5.5 million acres if export demand for agricultural products increased by 90 percent, according to analytical research projections reported here. Ground water use would increase by 42 percent. This analysis of the effect of increased export demand for agriculture commodities on irrigated agriculture also projects substantial increases in ground water pumping costs for the Mountain and Northern Plains regions.
Flacopimpla Gauld 1991
Creators: name: Fritzén, Niclas R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Flacopimpla

description: Flacopimpla Gauld, 1991
 Type species: Flacopimpla varelae Gauld, 1991, by original designation.
description: Published as part of Fritzén, Niclas R., 2014, Two new species of the Polysphincta genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) reared from their spider (Araneae) hosts in Europe, pp. 117-130 in Zootaxa 3894 (1) on page 118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4956608
Magnetic field screening in strong crossed electromagnetic fields
Creators: name: Campion, S.
name: Rueda, J. A.
name: Ruffini, R.
name: Xue, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider crossed electric and a magnetic fields $\left(\vec{B}=B\,\hat{z},~\vec{E}=E\,\hat{y}\right)$, with $E/B<1$, in presence of some initial number of $e^{\pm}$ pairs. We do not discuss here the mechanism of generation of these initial pairs. The electric field accelerates the pairs to high-energies thereby radiating high-energy synchrotron photons. These photons interact with the magnetic field via magnetic pair production process (MPP), i.e. $γ+B\rightarrow e^{+}+e^{-}$, producing additional pairs. We here show that the motion of all the pairs around the magnetic field lines generates a current that induces a magnetic field that shields the initial one. For instance, for an initial number of pairs $N_{\pm,0}=10^{10}$, an initial magnetic field of $10^{12}$ G can be reduced of a few percent. The screening occurs in the short timescales $10^{-21}\leq t \leq 10^{-15}$ s, i.e. before the particle acceleration timescale equals the synchrotron cooling timescale. The present simplified model indicates the physical conditions leading to the screening of strong magnetic fields. To assess the occurrence of this phenomenon in specific astrophysical sources, e.g. pulsars or gamma-ray bursts, the model can be extended to evaluate different geometries of the electric and magnetic fields, quantum effects in overcritical fields, and specific mechanisms for the production, distribution, and multiplicity of the $e^{-}e^{+}$ pairs.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. The paper has been accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
The Vertex Tracker at Future e+e- Linear Colliders
Creators: name: Battaglia, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physics program of high energy e+e- linear colliders relies on the accurate identification of fermions to study in details the profile of the Higgs boson, search for new particles and later probe the multi-TeV mass region by direct searches and precision electro-weak measurements. This paper reviews the requirements, conceptual design and sensor R&D for the Vertex Tracker.
description: 5 pages, to appear on the Proc. of th 6th Int. Conf. on Large Scale Applications and Radiation Hardness of Semiconductor Detectors, Firenze, September 2003
Classification of smooth factorial affine surfaces of Kodaira dimension zero with trivial units
Creators: name: Pełka, Tomasz
name: Raźny, Paweł
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14R05 (Primary) 14J26, 57R65, 57M99 (Secondary)

description: We give a corrected statement of the theorem of Gurjar and Miyanishi, which classifies smooth affine surfaces of Kodaira dimension zero, whose coordinate ring is factorial and has trivial units. Denote the class of such surfaces by $\mathcal{S}_{0}$. An infinite series of surfaces in $\mathcal{S}_{0}$, not listed by Gurjar and Miyanishi, was recently obtained by Freudenburg, Kojima and Nagamine as affine modifications of the plane. We complete their list to a series containing arbitrarily high-dimensional families of pairwise non-isomorphic surfaces in $\mathcal{S}_{0}$. Moreover, we classify them up to a diffeomorphism, showing that each occurs as an interior of a 4-manifold whose boundary is an exceptional surgery on a 2-bridge knot. In particular, we show that $\mathcal{S}_{0}$ contains countably many pairwise non-homeomorphic surfaces.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures
Problems When Studying Holography (Probleme beim Erlernen der Holographie)
Creators: name: Horn, Martin Erik
name: Mikelskis, Helmut F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holography as a subject is neglected largely in current physics lessons and in school books. Even though this topic might be complex, it is applicable and viable in the world that we live in. Holography lends itself to further develop knowledge with regard to inference optics. However, misconceptions of students impede the learning process. Research conducted by our research group shows that problematic perceptions regarding interference optics still exist with physics students at the intermediate level and on occasion are even sustained by illustrations in school books. Based on this analysis, a concept for a series of lessons is introduced. This series can be taught in physics lessons at the secondary school level II and in basic courses. Initial results from dealing with the subject of holography in an advanced training course will be presented.
description: 5 papes, 6 figures, in English and German
Observations on the survival of 112 plant taxa on a green roof in a semi-arid climate
Creators: name: Bousselot, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70699 Horticultural Production not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: The Denver Botanic Gardens (DBG) green roof, built in November 2007, is the first green roof on a city owned building in Denver, Colorado. To date, 112 plant taxa have been trialed, observed, and described on this low water green roof in the high and dry climate of the Colorado Front Range. Plant taxa survival was documented based on the original number of plants installed, and the surviving plants were rated on a scale of 1-4. Additionally, in 2011-2013, plant heights and widths were recorded. The data indicate that taxa can be grouped into categories of perish, survive, and thrive.
Flacopimpla gerardoi
Creators: name: Fritzén, Niclas R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Flacopimpla
Flacopimpla gerardoi

description: Flacopimpla gerardoi (Gauld, Ugalde & Hanson, 1998)
 MATERIAL EXAMINED. COSTA RICA (BMNH): Paratypes 2♀ San José Prov., Cerro Muerte, 6 km N San Gerardo, 2800 m, i.1993 (Hanson & Godoy); 1♀ Puntarenas Prov., Cota Brus, Las Alturas, 2000 m, i–iii.1995 (Quirós).
description: Published as part of Fritzén, Niclas R., 2014, Two new species of the Polysphincta genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) reared from their spider (Araneae) hosts in Europe, pp. 117-130 in Zootaxa 3894 (1) on page 119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4956608
Coloeus monedula subsp. nigerrimus Kleiner
Creators: name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Coloeus
Coloeus monedula
Coloeus monedula nigerrimus kleiner

description: Coloeus monedula nigerrimus Kleiner
Coloeus monedula nigerrimus Kleiner, 1939: 13 (Aghbalu Larbi, C. Atlas, Morocco).
Now Corvus monedula spermologus Vieillot, 1817. See Vaurie, 1959: 165; Blake and Vaurie, 1962: 262; Fry et al., 2000: 555–556; Dickinson, 2003: 512; and dos Anjos, 2009: 617.
HOLOTYPE: AMNH 674019 (not 624019), adult male, collected at Aghbalu Larbi, 2000 m, Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco, on 5 June 1925, by E. Hartert, prepared by F. Young. From the Rothschild Collection.
COMMENTS: By the time Kleiner named this subspecies, the Rothschild Collection was already at AMNH. He had borrowed this specimen and had cited its AMNH number in the original description. In addition to Hartert’s original label, it bears a Kleiner label marked ‘‘Typus,’’ annotated as ‘‘ Coloeus monedula aterrimus,’’ and an AMNH type label with the name also given incorrectly given as ‘‘ aterrimus.’’ I have not removed this label, but have supplied a new AMNH type label bearing the correct name nigerrimus. I have found no evidence that aterrimus was ever introduced by Kleiner. The AMNH number of the holotype was also misread by Kleiner due to a smear of ink on the number.
The original description by Kleiner (1939) was published in a resumé of his third study of Palaearctic Corvidae, the full manuscript having been submitted to ‘‘ Acta Ornithologica Musei Zoologici Polonici of the Warsaw Museum, but owing to recent events it is doubtful if it will ever appear.’’ I have checked issues of the journal published between 1939 and 1953, both under ‘‘Kleiner’’ and ‘‘Keve,’’ the name he assumed about this time, and have found no article published later by Kleiner or Keve, under which name he published widely after WWII. I thank E.C. Dickinson for information concerning Kleiner’s change of name. Although other specimens were collected by Hartert at the type locality, none of them were mentioned in the description of nigerrimus, and Kleiner perhaps borrowed only the single type specimen.
Hartert (1927: 6–7, 8–9) wrote about his 1925 visit to Morocco. His party was able to go by automobile from Azrou (33.27N, 05.14W, Times Atlas) to Aghbalou Larbi, a fort of the Foreign Legion. He noted that Jackdaws ‘‘came down from the cliffs of the higher peaks…to the plain between the rock of Aghbalou-Larbi and the Tarseft Pass’’ to feed and that he collected six in very worn plumage. From there they proceeded to Timhadit (33.15N, 05.09W, Times Atlas).
description: Published as part of Lecroy, Mary, 2014, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae, pp. 1-165 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (393) on page 122, DOI: 10.1206/885.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4629954
FOREIGN OWNERSHIP OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1984: COUNTY LEVEL DATA
Creators: name: Majchrowicz, T. Alexander
name: DeBraal, J. Peter
name: Majchrowicz, T. Alexander
name: DeBraal, J. Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Agricultural land
subject: foreign investment
subject: foreign landownership
subject: county data

description: Foreign investment in U.S. agricultural land has been reported in 1,843 of the 3,041 counties in the United States. Data are presented for each county to show the number of acres and parcels, value, country of origin, and use of foreignowned agricultural land. Aggregation of the data at the county level supplements "Foreign Ownership of U.S. Agricultural Land Through December 31, 1984," ERS Staff Report AGES850320.
Debiased Off-Policy Evaluation for Recommendation Systems
Creators: name: Narita, Yusuke
name: Yasui, Shota
name: Yata, Kohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Efficient methods to evaluate new algorithms are critical for improving interactive bandit and reinforcement learning systems such as recommendation systems. A/B tests are reliable, but are time- and money-consuming, and entail a risk of failure. In this paper, we develop an alternative method, which predicts the performance of algorithms given historical data that may have been generated by a different algorithm. Our estimator has the property that its prediction converges in probability to the true performance of a counterfactual algorithm at a rate of $\sqrt{N}$, as the sample size $N$ increases. We also show a correct way to estimate the variance of our prediction, thus allowing the analyst to quantify the uncertainty in the prediction. These properties hold even when the analyst does not know which among a large number of potentially important state variables are actually important. We validate our method by a simulation experiment about reinforcement learning. We finally apply it to improve advertisement design by a major advertisement company. We find that our method produces smaller mean squared errors than state-of-the-art methods.
description: accepted at RecSys '21
THE IMPACTS OF U.S. MONETARY POLICIES ON THE FARM SECTOR
Creators: name: Devadoss, S.
name: Meyers, Williams H.
name: Starleaf, Dennis R.
name: Devadoss, S.
name: Meyers, Williams H.
name: Starleaf, Dennis R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Farm Management

description: Much of the literature on the macroeconomics of agriculture investigated only the exchange rate linkage between the general economy and agriculture. This study examines the effects of U.S. monetary policies on agriculture in a general equilibrium framework through exchange rates, interest rates, inflation, and income linkages. Empirical results indicate that the U.S. monetary policy has significant impacts on farm incomes, prices, exports, demand, and supply.
Flacopimpla nigriceps
Creators: name: Fritzén, Niclas R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Flacopimpla
Flacopimpla nigriceps

description: Flacopimpla nigriceps (Walsh, 1873)
 MATERIAL EXAMINED. CANADA (BMNH): 1♂ 1♀ Quebec, Gatineau County, Lake Duncan, vii–viii.1979 (A.C. Pont); USA (BMNH): 1♀ Maine, Dryden, 5.viii.1959 (B.M.1961-239) (G.H. Heinrich); Michigan, Hiawatha N.P., viii.76 (Gauld) (det. R. Matsumoto 2007).
description: Published as part of Fritzén, Niclas R., 2014, Two new species of the Polysphincta genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) reared from their spider (Araneae) hosts in Europe, pp. 117-130 in Zootaxa 3894 (1) on page 119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4956608
Implementation of NMR quantum computation with para-hydrogen derived high purity quantum states
Creators: name: Anwar, M. S.
name: Jones, J. A.
name: Blazina, D.
name: Duckett, S. B.
name: Carteret, H. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the first implementation of a quantum algorithm on a liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computer using almost pure states. This was achieved using a two qubit device where the initial state is an almost pure singlet nuclear spin state of a pair of 1H nuclei arising from a chemical reaction involving para-hydrogen. We have implemented Deutsch's algorithm for distinguishing between constant and balanced functions with a single query.
description: 7 pages RevTex including 6 figures. Figures 4-6 are low quality to save space. Submitted to Phys Rev A
A National Policy of "No Net Loss" of Wetlands: What Do Agricultural Economists Have to Contribute?
Creators: name: Heimlich, Ralph E.
name: Heimlich, Ralph E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Wetlands
subject: policy
subject: easement costs
subject: restoration
subject: values
subject: incentives
subject: regulation

description: Most wetlands lost recently were converted for agricultural production. President Bush proposed "no net loss" as a national goal, meaning that restoring wetlands must complement conserving wetlands to offset unavoidable losses. This symposium explored how "no net loss" might operate and the economist's role in developing this policy. Wetland policy evolution, costs of acquiring public rights to wetlands, valuing wetland benefits, and alternatives to existing institutional mechanisms for controlling wetland loss were discussed.
Flacopimpla parva
Creators: name: Fritzén, Niclas R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Flacopimpla
Flacopimpla parva

description: Flacopimpla parva (Cresson, 1870)
 MATERIAL EXAMINED. USA (BMNH): 1♂ Maine, Dryden. 23.viii.1959, G. H. Heinrich, B.M.1961-239 (det. G. Broad 2008); 1♀ the same data except date: 8.ix.1959; 1♂, Michigan, Gun Lake, viii.76 (Gld) (det. R. Matsumoto 2008); 1♀, Michigan, Ann Arbor, vi.76 (Gld) (det. M.G. Fitton 1984); 1♀, Michigan, Ann Arbor, 3–16.ix.1975 (M.G. Fitton) (det. R. Matsumoto 2007); 1♀, Michigan, Ann Arbor, viii.76 (Gld) (det. M.G. Fitton); 1♀ USA, Michigan, Ann Arbor, 17.ix–2.x.1975 (M.G. Fitton) (det. R. Matsumoto 2007).
description: Published as part of Fritzén, Niclas R., 2014, Two new species of the Polysphincta genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) reared from their spider (Araneae) hosts in Europe, pp. 117-130 in Zootaxa 3894 (1) on page 119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4956608
Bousselot_etal_2017.pdf
Creators: name: Bousselot, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70699 Horticultural Production not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: A multi-faceted research project was conducted on a modular green roof in semi-arid, high elevation Denver, Colorado U.S.A. A photovoltaic (PV) array ran along the southeastern edge of the research area and visibly influenced the plant growth, cover and biomass. Plants grown near the PV prospered compared to plants in the exposed area. Average summer temperatures in the modules under the PV array were cooler with less temperature variation compared to the modules located in the exposed areas of the green roof. Shading structures integrated on green roofs may produce effects that resemble natural ecotones tending towards greater plant coverage and biomass, and therefore greater green roof resilience.
First search for dyons with the full MoEDAL trapping detector in 13 TeV pp collisions
Creators: name: Acharya, B.
name: Alexandre, J.
name: Benes, P.
name: Bergmann, B.
name: Bernabeu, J.
name: Bevan, A.
name: Branzas, H.
name: Burian, P.
name: Campbell, M.
name: Cecchini, S.
name: Cho, Y. M.
name: de Montigny, M.
name: De Roeck, A.
name: Ellis, J. R.
name: Sawy, M. El
name: Fairbairn, M.
name: Felea, D.
name: Frank, M.
name: Hays, J.
name: Hirt, A. M.
name: Janecek, J.
name: Kalliokoski, M.
name: Korzenev, A.
name: Lacarrere, D. H.
name: Leroy, C.
name: Levi, G.
name: Lionti, A.
name: Mamuzic, J.
name: Maulik, A.
name: Margiotta, A.
name: Mauri, N.
name: Mavromatos, N. E.
name: Mermod, P.
name: Mieskolainen, M.
name: Millward, L.
name: Mitsou, V. A.
name: Orava, R.
name: Ostrovskiy, I.
name: Ouimet, P. -P.
name: Papavassiliou, J.
name: Parker, B.
name: Patrizii, L.
name: Pavalas, G. E.
name: Pinfold, J. L.
name: Popa, L. A.
name: Popa, V.
name: Pozzato, M.
name: Pospisil, S.
name: Rajantie, A.
name: de Austri, R. Ruiz
name: Sahnoun, Z.
name: Sakellariadou, M.
name: Santra, A.
name: Sarkar, S.
name: Semenoff, G.
name: Shaa, A.
name: Sirri, G.
name: Sliwa, K.
name: Soluk, R.
name: Spurio, M.
name: Staelens, M.
name: Suk, M.
name: Tenti, M.
name: Togo, V.
name: Tuszynski, J. A.
name: Upreti, A.
name: Vento, V.
name: Vives, O.
name: Wall, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MoEDAL trapping detector, consists of approximately 800 kg of aluminium volumes. It was exposed during Run-2 of the LHC program to 6.46 fb^-1 of 13 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHCb interaction point. Evidence for dyons (particles with electric and magnetic charge) captured in the trapping detector was sought by passing the aluminium volumes comprising the detector through a SQUID magnetometer. The presence of a trapped dyon would be signalled by a persistent current induced in the SQUID magnetometer. On the basis of a Drell-Yan production model, we exclude dyons with a magnetic charge ranging up to 5 Dirac charges, and an electric charge up to 200 times the fundamental electric charge for mass limits in the range 790 - 3130 GeV.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1903.08491
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax subsp. barbarus Vaurie 1954
Creators: name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Corvidae
Pyrrhocorax
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax barbarus vaurie

description: Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax barbarus Vaurie
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax barbarus Vaurie, 1954a: 1 (North Africa (Morocco to Algeria) and Canaries (La Palma Island only).
Now Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax barbarus Vaurie, 1954. See Blake and Vaurie, 1962: 259; Fry et al., 2000: 568–570; Dickinson, 2003: 512; and dos Anjos, 2009: 615–616.
HOLOTYPE: AMNH 290240, adult male, collected on the Plateau, 1900 m, Middle Altas Mountains, Morocco, on 27 April 1929, by E. Hartert and E. Flükiger (no. 302). From the Rothschild Collection.
COMMENTS: Vaurie gave the AMNH number of the holotype in the original description, and (on p. 3) noted that he measured 22 specimens from Morocco, Algeria, and the Canaries. There are 23 specimens in addition to the type, all marked barbarus by Vaurie, and I have considered all of them paratypes: Morocco, AMNH 290241– 290245, 675670–675675, 675681, 675682, eight males, five females; Canaries, AMNH 675668, 675669, two males; Algeria, AMNH 675683–675690, seven males, one female. The individuals with lower catalog numbers were in a group of specimens presented to AMNH by Rothschild in 1920.
description: Published as part of Lecroy, Mary, 2014, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae, pp. 1-165 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (393) on page 121, DOI: 10.1206/885.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4629954
A COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE NET PRESENT VALUE FORMULATIONS - IMPLICATIONS FOR DEBT CAPACITY
Creators: name: Fiske, John R.
name: Fiske, John R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Demand and Price Analysis

description: Two widely-used net present value formulas, the weighted average cost of capital formula and the return to equity formula are reconciled for both a single period and a multiperiod case. In both cases, the differences in NPVs emerging from the two formulas can be attributed to alternative assumptions about debt capacity.
Sheep Production in 11 Western States
Creators: name: Shapouri, Hosein
name: Shapouri, Hosein
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Sheep industry
subject: 1986 sheep survey
subject: costs and returns

description: Net cash returns of U.S. sheep producers were positive for the past 18 years, yet the industry in 1986 experienced the largest declines in number of sheep farms and in sheep population since 1942. Per capita consumption of lamb and mutton has trended downward since 1962, remaining below 1.5 pounds for the past 13 years. The 1986 USDA Farm Costs and Returns Survey indicates that the major sheep production practices of shed and range lambing have not changed significantly since 1980, and losses from disease and predators are high. Sheep production requires more hired labor and operator time than any other livestock enterprises. Although sheep production is more profitable than cattle production, sheep producers require more net return than do cattle producers to expand production.
Photovoltaic array influences the growth of green roof plants
Creators: name: Bousselot, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70699 Horticultural Production not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: A multi-faceted research project was conducted on a modular green roof in semi-arid, high elevation Denver, Colorado U.S.A. A photovoltaic (PV) array ran along the southeastern edge of the research area and visibly influenced the plant growth, cover and biomass. Plants grown near the PV prospered compared to plants in the exposed area. Average summer temperatures in the modules under the PV array were cooler with less temperature variation compared to the modules located in the exposed areas of the green roof. Shading structures integrated on green roofs may produce effects that resemble natural ecotones tending towards greater plant coverage and biomass, and therefore greater green roof resilience.
Three-component modeling of C-rich AGB star winds. II. The effects of drift in long-period variables
Creators: name: Sandin, C.
name: Hoefner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present three-component wind models for carbon rich pulsating AGB stars. In particular we study the effects of drift in models of long-period variables, meaning that the dust is allowed to move relative to the gas (drift models). In addition we investigate the importance of the degree of variability of the wind structures. The wind model contains separate conservation laws for each of the three components of gas, dust and the radiation field. We use two different representations for the gas opacity, resulting in models with different gas densities in the wind. The effects which we investigate here are important for the understanding of the wind mechanism and mass loss of AGB stars. This study is hereby a necessary step towards more reliable interpretations of observations. We find that the effects of drift generally are significant. They cannot be predicted from models calculated without drift. Moreover, the non-drift models showing the lowest mass loss rates, outflow velocities, and the smallest variability in the degree of condensation do not form drift model winds. The wind formation in drift models is, except for a few cases, generally less efficient and the mass loss consequently lower than in the corresponding non-drift models. The effects of drift are generally larger in the more realistic models using that representation of the gas opacity which results in lower densities. The outflow properties of these models are also -- for all cases we have studied -- sensitive to the period of the stellar pulsations. A check of the mass loss rates against a (recent) fit formula shows systematically lower values, in particular in the more realistic models with a low density. The fit is in its current form inapplicable to the new models presented here.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted by A&A
Documentation of the Static World Policy Simulation (SWOPSIM) Modeling Framework
Creators: name: Roningen, Vernon
name: Sullivan, John
name: Dixit, Praveen
name: Roningen, Vernon
name: Sullivan, John
name: Dixit, Praveen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Agricultural trade
subject: Armington model
subject: bilateral trade flow model
subject: net trade model
subject: trade model
subject: trade policy
subject: producer subsidy equivalent
subject: regional trade model
subject: simulation model
subject: spreadsheet model
subject: SWOPSIM
subject: world trade model

description: This report documents the static world policy simulation (SWOPSIM) model building framework. The framework consists of computer programs which generate standard global partial equilibrium models in spreadsheets. SWOPSIM models are designed to simulate the effect of changes in producer and consumer support policies on production, consumption, and trade. Several types of world models can be constructed including single product models, multi-product net trade models, and Armington type bilateral trade flow models. Economic linkages across products within a country occur via cross price and "inputoutput" relationships. Linkages across countries and regions take place through domestic-international price linkage equations and world product trade. Topics covered include the economics of SWOPSIM models and the mechanics of the model building with the SWOPSIM framework. An extensive reference section lists source documents as well as published studies that have used the framework. The bulk of the documentation consists of detailed appendices which include annotated listings of variable definitions and model equations, a listing of a SWOPSIM demonstration model, screens of computer tutorials on SWOPSIM model building, printouts of the computer programs making up the SWOPSIM framework, and SWOPSIM installation instructions.
Integrable models and $K$-theoretic pushforward of Grothendieck classes
Creators: name: Motegi, Kohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a multiple commutation relation of the Yang-Baxter algebra of integrable lattice models derived by Shigechi and Uchiyama can be used to connect two types of Grothendieck classes by the $K$-theoretic pushforward from the Grothendieck group of Grassmann bundles to the Grothendieck group of a nonsingular variety. Using the commutation relation, we show that two types of partition functions of an integrable five-vertex model, which can be explicitly described using skew Grothendieck polynomials, and can be viewed as Grothendieck classes, are directly connected by the $K$-theoretic pushforward. We show that special cases of the pushforward formula which correspond to the nonskew version are also special cases of the formulas derived by Buch. We also present a skew generalization of an identity for the Grothendieck polynomials by Guo and Sun, which is an extension of the one for Schur polynomials by Fehér, Némethi and Rimányi. We also show an application of the pushforward formula and derive an integration formula for the Grothendieck polynomials.
description: 41 pages
Graviton Mass or Cosmological Constant?
Creators: name: Gabadadze, Gregory
name: Gruzinov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To describe a massive graviton in 4D Minkowski space-time one introduces a quadratic term in the Lagrangian. This term, however, can lead to a readjustment or instability of the background instead of describing a massive graviton on flat space. We show that for all local Lorentz-invariant mass terms Minkowski space is unstable. We start with the Pauli-Fierz (PF) term that is the only local mass term with no ghosts in the linearized approximation. We show that nonlinear completions of the PF Lagrangian give rise to instability of Minkowski space. We continue with the mass terms that are not of a PF type. Although these models are known to have ghosts in the linearized approximations, nonlinear interactions can lead to background change due to which the ghosts are eliminated. In the latter case, however, the graviton perturbations on the new background are not massive. We argue that a consistent theory of a massive graviton on flat space can be formulated in theories with extra dimensions. They require an infinite number of fields or non-local description from a 4D point of view.
description: 16 pages; references and comments added
Fostering Appropriate Reliance on Large Language Models: The Role of Explanations, Sources, and Inconsistencies
Creators: name: Kim, Sunnie S. Y.
name: Vaughan, Jennifer Wortman
name: Liao, Q. Vera
name: Lombrozo, Tania
name: Russakovsky, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LLMs) can produce erroneous responses that sound fluent and convincing, raising the risk that users will rely on these responses as if they were correct. Mitigating such overreliance is a key challenge. Through a think-aloud study in which participants use an LLM-infused application to answer objective questions, we identify several features of LLM responses that shape users' reliance: explanations (supporting details for answers), inconsistencies in explanations, and sources. Through a large-scale, pre-registered, controlled experiment (N=308), we isolate and study the effects of these features on users' reliance, accuracy, and other measures. We find that the presence of explanations increases reliance on both correct and incorrect responses. However, we observe less reliance on incorrect responses when sources are provided or when explanations exhibit inconsistencies. We discuss the implications of these findings for fostering appropriate reliance on LLMs.
description: CHI 2025. This version includes the appendix
A Machine Learning-Ready Data Processing Tool for Near Real-Time Forecasting
Creators: name: Dayeh, Maher A
name: Starkey, Michael J
name: Chatterjee, Subhamoy
name: Elliott, Heather
name: Hart, Samuel
name: Moreland, Kimberly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Space weather forecasting is critical for mitigating radiation risks in space exploration and protecting Earth-based technologies from geomagnetic disturbances. This paper presents the development of a Machine Learning (ML)- ready data processing tool for Near Real-Time (NRT) space weather forecasting. By merging data from diverse NRT sources such as solar imagery, magnetic field measurements, and energetic particle fluxes, the tool addresses key gaps in current space weather prediction capabilities. The tool processes and structures the data for machine learning models, focusing on time-series forecasting and event detection for extreme solar events. It provides users with a framework to download, process, and label data for ML applications, streamlining the workflow for improved NRT space weather forecasting and scientific research.
Government Intervention in Latin American Agriculture, 1982-87
Creators: name: Roberts, Donna
name: Trapido, Paul
name: Roberts, Donna
name: Trapido, Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Political Economy
subject: Latin America
subject: agricultural policy
subject: government intervention
subject: subsidy equivalents
subject: Argentina
subject: Brazil
subject: Chile
subject: Colombia
subject: Mexico
subject: Venezuela

description: This study examines the pattern of government intervention in the agricultural markets of the six largest economies in Latin America during 1982-87. Producer and consumer subsidy equivalents (PSE/CSE's) are used to summarize the effects of a wide range of commodity, sector, and economy-wide policies that can be compared across commodities, across countries, and across time. Six chapters provide background material on the economy and policies of each country along with documented subsidy equivalent estimates. During 1982-87, Latin American policymakers abandoned the statist approach to development, but adhered to import-substitution strategies, which required some government intervention. In addition to commodity specific and/or sectoral policies, economy-wide measures---particularly exchange rate policies---had a decided effect on transfers to and from the agricultural sector in all six countries.
Transverse spin dynamics in a spin-polarized Fermi liquid
Creators: name: Mineev, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linear equations for transverse spin dynamics in weakly polarised degenerate Fermi liquid with arbitrary relationship between temperature and polarization are derived from Landau-Silin phenomenological kinetic equation with general form of two-particle collision integral. The temperature and polarization dependence of the spin current relaxation time is established. It is found in particular that at finite polarization transverse spin wave damping has a finite value at T=0. The analogy between temperature dependences of spin waves attenuation and ultrasound absorption in degenerate Fermi liquid at arbitrary temperature is presented. We also discuss spin-polarized Fermi liquid in the general context of the Fermi-liquid theory and compare it with "Fermi liquid" with spontaneous magnetization.
description: 10 pages
Small ball probabilities, metric entropy and Gaussian rough paths
Creators: name: Salkeld, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the Small Ball Probabilities (SBPs) of Gaussian rough paths. While many works on rough paths study the Large Deviations Principles (LDPs) for stochastic processes driven by Gaussian rough paths, it is a noticeable gap in the literature that SBPs have not been extended to the rough path framework. LDPs provide macroscopic information about a measure for establishing Integrability type properties. SBPs provide microscopic information and are used to establish a locally accurate approximation for a measure. Given the compactness of a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) ball, its metric entropy provides invaluable information on how to approximate the law of a Gaussian rough path. As an application, we are able to find upper and lower bounds for the rate of convergence of an empirical rough Gaussian measure to its true law in pathspace.
Bashar Malkawi, UAE Export Control Commitment Commendable
Creators: name: Malkawi, Bashar H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 180105 Commercial and Contract Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Since the 2007 introduction of an export control law, the United Arab Emirates has strived to join forces against proliferation. But in the face of contemporary challenges more must be done – starting with a publicly-available control list, writes Bashar Malkawi.
Education and Rural Economic Development: Strategies for the 1990's
Creators: name: Agriculture And Rural Economy Division
name: Agriculture And Rural Economy Division
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Rural development
subject: rural education and training
subject: rural industry structure
subject: rural earnings
subject: local employment growth
subject: rural development policy

description: The 1980's found the U.S. economy vulnerable in the global marketplace. Many observers have argued that workforce education and skill levels are too low. Rural workers have especially low levels of education and the 1980's were especially unkind to these workers. This study examines the education crisis, the relationship between the education shortfall and rural economic stagnation, the importance of local workforce education levels for local area growth, and the options for upgrading the skills of the rural workforce. The central conclusion is that education's potential as a local area rural development strategy is probably quite limited, but that the need to raise education and training levels for rural youth, wherever they will work, is critical.
Uncovering the Beast: Discovery of Embedded Massive Stellar Clusters in W49A
Creators: name: Alves, Joao
name: Homeier, Nicole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present subarcsecond J, H, and Ks images (FWHM ~ 0.5") of an unbiased 5'x 5' (16pc x 16pc) survey of the densest region of the W49 giant molecular cloud. The observations reveal 4 massive stellar clusters (with stars as massive as \~120 Msun), the larger (Cluster 1) about 3 pc East of the well known Welch ring of ultra-compact Hii regions. Cluster 1 is a) extincted by at least Av > 20 mag of foreground (unrelated and local) extinction, b) has more than 30 mag of internal inhomogeneous visual extinction implying that it is still deeply buried in its parental molecular cloud, and c) is powering a 6 pc diameter giant Hii region seen both at the NIR and radio continuum. We also identify the exciting sources of several UCHii regions. The census of massive stars in W49A agrees or is slightly overabundant when compared with the number of Lyman continuum photons derived from radio observations. We argue that although the formation of the Welch ring could have been triggered by Cluster 1, the entire W49A starburst region seems to have been multi-seeded instead of resulting from a coherent trigger.
description: ApJ Letters accepted. All figures provided as nice resolution jpeg/gif files. Get full-res version at http://www.eso.org/~jalves/W49A.pdf
Structure optimization effects on the electronic properties of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_8$
Creators: name: Bellini, V.
name: Manghi, F.
name: Thonhauser, T.
name: Ambrosch-Draxl, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present detailed first-principles calculations for the normal state electronic properties of the high T$_C$ superconductor Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_8$, by means of the linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). As a first step, the body centered tetragonal (BCT) cell has been adopted, and optimized regarding its volume, $c/a$ ratio and internal atomic positions by total energy and force minimizations. The full optimization of the BCT cell leads to small but visible changes in the topology of the Fermi surface, rounding the shape of CuO$_2$ barrels, and causing both the BiO bands, responsible for the pockets near the \textit{M} 2D symmetry point, to dip below the Fermi level. We have then studied the influence of the distortions in the BiO plane observed in nature by means of a $\sqrt{2}\times\sqrt{2}$ orthorhombic cell (AD-ORTH) with $Bbmb$ space group. Contrary to what has been observed for the Bi-2201 compound, we find that for Bi-2212 the distortion does not sensibly shift the BiO bands which retain their metallic character. As a severe test for the considered structures we present Raman-active phonon frequencies ($q = 0$) and eigenvectors calculated within the frozen-phonon approximation. Focussing on the totally symmetric A$_{g}$ modes, we observe that for a reliable attribution of the peaks observed in Raman experiments, both $c$- and a-axis vibrations must be taken into account, the latter being activated by the in-plane orthorhombic distortion.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures