Liriomyza lupinella Spencer
Creators: name: Lonsdale, Owen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Agromyzidae
Liriomyza
Liriomyza lupinella

description: Liriomyza lupinella Spencer   
Figs 134–137  
 Liriomyza lupinella Spencer 1981: 244. Spencer & Steyskal 1986: 118.   
 Wing length 1.4–2.0mm (♂), 1.8–2.0mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section: 2.1–2.2. Eye height divided by gena height: 3.8–4.0. Scutum shining. Epistoma relatively broad. Parafacial and orbital plate very slightly projecting.   
 Chaetotaxy: Two ori, two ors. Acrostichal setulae in four rows.   
 Colouration: Calypter margin and hairs dark brown. First flagellomere brown with base faded to yellow or orange along basal margin, rarely entirely yellow (see variation); pedicel and scape brownish when first flagellomere darker; posterolateral corner of frons dark brown to base of inner vertical bristle; lateral margin of frons brown with stripe extending to encompass base of fronto-orbitals, with extensions faint or sometimes not reaching ori; back of head, posterior margin of frons, ocellar triangle and ventral stripe on gena dark brown; face brown, sometimes only medially; palpus brownish, becoming darker apically. Scutum with lateral yellow stripe light brown postsuturally and nearly faded posteriorly; scutellum with wide to narrow central yellow stripe; laterotergites brown. Pleuron dark with only dorsal suture of meron and dorsal suture (or just anterodorsal margin) yellow. Legs dark brown with knees narrowly yellow; distal ½–2/3 usually with yellow tint and fore femur sometimes with distoventral surface distinctly yellow; infrequently with femora fading to yellow distally or femora predominantly yellow with base and dorsal streaking brown. Abdomen dark brown with thick yellow band on posterior margin of female tergite 6.   
 Genitalia: Figs 134–137. Surstylus with two subapical spines. Swollen apical section of duct relatively short. Paraphalli rod-like, fused dorsally. Hypophallus with compressed basal section and long apical hairs. Mesophallus flattened, fused to distiphallus. Distiphallus directed dorsally, broad, short, ovate n ventral view and with one pair of short internal processes. Ejaculatory apodeme with pileus ejaculatorius broad and evenly sclerotized; blade with sublateral sclerotization, margin irregular and pale, with light submarginal streaking.   
 Variation: One female paratype (ex. Lupinus variicolor) with first flagellomere entirely yellow. Legs with strong yellow streaking (primarily along distoventral surface), abdomen yellow anterolaterally and stripe on venter of gena faint. Material from El Toro differs as follows: femora relatively pale with distoventral surface yellow; first flagellomere dark yellow and pedicel and scape yellow; face yellow; orbital plate only brownish around base of fronto-orbitals; dorsal margin of anepisternum entirely yellow; lateral margin of scutum yellow with brownish tint postsuturally; anatergite sometimes paler lateral to scutellum.   
 Hosts. Fabaceae — Lupinus variicolor, L. pratensis, probably L. arboreus, L. latifolius, L. variicolor and likely other Lupinus spp.   
 Range. USA.  California [Alameda*, Del Norte*, El Dorado, Humboldt*, Kern*, Marin, Monterey*, Orange *, Riverside*, San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara*, Santa Cruz, Sonoma*, Ventura], Washington *.   
 Type material. Holotype, USA. California: Santa Cruz Co., Mt. Hermon, ex. larva on Lupinus variicolor, 21.vii.1948, Lot 49-1, K.E. Frick (1♂, CASC); Paratypes examined, USA. California: Marin Co., Pt. Reyes, 26.v.1957, J. Powell, Lupinus (1♂, EMEC), San Francisco, 28.x.1925, Pres. by E. Walther, leaves L. arboreus (1♀, CASC), San Francisco, 28.x.1925, Pres. by E. Walther (1♂, CASC), San Francisco, 31.x.1925, H.H. Keifer, L. arborius Leprd. Galls (1♂, CASC), San Luis Obispo Co., Morrow Bay, 30.iv.1962 (1♂, EMEC), San Mateo Co., Halfmoon Bay, 11.vii.1950, E.C. Carlson (2♂, UCD), Santa Cruz Co., Mount Hermon, 29.vi.1948, sweeping Lupinus latifolius Agardh., Lot No. 51-1, K.E. Frick (1♀, CASC), Mount Hermon, sweeping Lupinus variicolor Steud., Lot No. 49-1, 21.vii.1948, K.E. Frick (1♀, CASC), Ventura Co., Ventura, 1.vii.1959, W.A. Steffan (1♂ 13, EMEC).   
 Additional material examined. USA. California: Alameda Co., Berkeley, “ Agromyza scutellata ”, 18.iii.1924, Lupine [illegible], W.W. Jones (1♀, EMEC), Del Norte Co., 28.vi.1972, 5mi N Crescent City, G. Steyskal (12♂, USNM), Humboldt Co., Arcata Lanphere-Christensen Dunes Preserve, 6m, 12.viii.1980, T. W. Davies (1♂, CASC), Kern Co., Arvin, 14.iii.1935, A.L. Melander (1♂, USNM), Marin Co., Dillon Beach, 26.x.1969, M. Wasbauer (2♂, CSCA), McClure’s Beach, 8.vii.1961, C.A. Toschi (1♀, EMEC), Pt. Reyes, 19.i.1958, D.J. Burdick (1♀, EMEC), Monterey Co., Asilomar, 2.x.1946, A.L. Melander (1♂ [on pin with L. langei], USNM), Orange Co., El Toro, 23.vi.1963, E. R. Oatan (3♂ 4♀, USNM), Riverside Co., R. R. Cyn., 4mi E Elsinore, 17.iv.1965, J. Powell (1♀, EMEC), San Francisco Co., Yerba Buena Id., 2.vi.1980, J. Powell, Lupinus arboreus (1♂, EMEC), San Luis Obispo Co., Oso Flaco Lake, 5mi S Oceano, 18.v.1965, R. L. Langston (1♂, EMEC), San Mateo Co., South San Francisco, 3955 Reston Court, 140m, 27.viii.1979, P.H. Arnaud, Jr. (1♂, CASC), Santa Barbara Co., UC Coal Oil Pt. Reserve, 34.4105’N, 119.8798’W, Malaise, M. Caterino & A. Borrell, 10–17.iii.2003 (1♀, SBMN), Sonoma Co., Bodega Bay, 19.x.1947, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM), Bodega Head, 25.vi.1971, I.A. Boussy (1♂ 2♀, CASC), Ventura Co., San Nicolas Island, Celery Canyon, 100’, 22–26.vi.1976, A.S. Menke, D. R. Miller & R. W. Rust (1♂, USNM), Washington: Seattle, 16.v.1963, Harbor Id., S. Nakahara, Lupine (7♂ 6♀, USNM).   
 Comments. As seen for other widespread Californian species, Liriomyza lupinella exhibits much more external variation than previously assumed, but the males of all populations possess the same genitalic morphology: there are two spines on the surstylus, the mesophallus is fused to the distiphallus, and the distiphallus is quite broad, dark and donut-shaped with a short fringed medial process. Similar terminalia are seen in L. lupini, also a specialist on lupine, but the distiphallus is broader, shallower and nearly transparent.   
 Other Nearctic Liriomyza on lupine include the polyphagous L. langei and L. sativae, and the Fabaceae specialists L. baptisiae and L. lupiniphaga. Liriomyza baptisiae (also bound on Baptisia) can be diagnosed by an entirely dark antenna, a yellowish fore knee, a small gena, a very broad ejaculatory apodeme and a dark distiphallus with one pair of small longitudinal distoventral plates and one pair of thin transverse basoventral plates. Liriomyza lupiniphaga is an uncommon species with a dark first flagellomere and a paler scape and pedicel, a dark thorax (notopleuron and stripe on scutellum yellow), legs and orbital plate, the length of the mesophallus is twice its width, and the distiphallus is dark, globular and angled dorsally. Label data also has L. artemisiae collected on lupine, but it is uncertain as to whether this represents a rearing record or a casual adult association.
description: Published as part of Lonsdale, Owen, 2011, The Liriomyza (Agromyzidae: Schizophora: Diptera) of California 2850, pp. 1-123 in Zootaxa 2850 (1) on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2850.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5287220