cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Treibhausgasneutrales Deutschland im Jahr 2050
title: Treibhausgasneutrales Deutschland im Jahr 2050
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Benndorf, Rosemarie
name: Bernicke, Maja
name: Bertram, Andreas
name: Butz, Wolfgang
name: Dettling, Folke
name: Drotleff, Johannes
name: Elsner, Cornelia
name: Fee, Eric
name: Gabler, Christopher
name: Galander, Christine
name: Hermann, Tim
name: Kanthak, Judit
name: Keßler, Hermann
name: Koch, Yvonne
name: Kuntze, David
name: Lambrecht, Martin
name: Lehmann, Christian
name: Lehmann, Harry
name: Leuthold, Sandra
name: Lünenbürger, Benjamin
name: Martens, Kerstin
name: Müller, Felix
name: Müschen, Klaus
name: Nissler, Diana
name: Plickert, Sebastian
name: Purr, Katja
name: Reichart, Almut
name: Reichel, Jens
name: Salecker, Hanno
name: Schneider, Sven
name: Schuberth, Jens
name: Sieck, Marlene
name: Strenge, Ulla
name: Westermann, Bärbel
name: Werner, Kathrin
name: Winde, Christine
name: Wunderlich, Dietmar
name: Zietlow, Brigitte
Publisher: name: Umweltbundesamt
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Bundesrepublik Deutschland
subject: Treibhausgasneutralität
subject: Deutschland
subject: Emissionseinsparung
subject: Nachhaltige Energieversorgung
subject: Klima | Energie
subject: Climate | Energy

description: Die Studie zeigt, dass Treibhausgasneutralität in Deutschland bis 2050 technisch machbar ist. Das in der Studie gewählte Szenario betrachtet dies aus einer rein nationalen Perspektive und bezieht Wechselbeziehungen zu anderen Ländern nicht mit ein. Grundlage der Untersuchung ist ein nationales Treibhausgasminderungsziel bis 2050 von 95 % gegenüber 1990, das - nach den getroffenen Annahmen - durch technische Maßnahmen in Deutschland erreicht werden kann. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de
description: Die Studie zeigt, dass Treibhausgasneutralität in Deutschland bis 2050 technisch machbar ist. Das in der Studie gewählte ⁠Szenario⁠ betrachtet dies aus einer rein nationalen Perspektive und bezieht Wechselbeziehungen zu anderen Ländern nicht mit ein. Grundlage der Untersuchung ist ein nationales Treibhausgasminderungsziel bis 2050 von 95 % gegenüber 1990, das – nach den getroffenen Annahmen – durch technische Maßnahmen in Deutschland erreicht werden kann.
Constraining the abundance of spinning deformed Galactic compact objects with continuous gravitational waves
Creators: name: Prabhu, Gopalkrishna
name: Sharma, Aditya Kumar
name: Prasad, R.
name: Kapadia, Shasvath J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic spinning compact objects (COs) with non-zero ellipticity are expected to be sources of continuous gravitational waves (CGWs). Certain classes of hypothetical COs, such as neutron stars with quark cores (hybrid stars), and quark stars, are thought to be capable of sustaining large ellipticities from theoretical considerations. Such exotic COs (eCOs) with large ellipticities should produce CGWs detectable by the current LIGO-Virgo-Kagra GW detector network. Since no detections for CGWs, from searches in LIGO-Virgo data, have so far been reported, we place constraints on the abundance of highly elliptical eCOs in our Galaxy. We formulate a Bayesian framework to place upper limits on the number count $N_{tot}$ of highly deformed Galactic eCOs. We divide our constraints into two classes: an "agnostic" set of upper limits on $N_{tot}$ evaluated on a CGW frequency and ellipticity grid that depend only on the choice of spatial distribution of COs; and a model-dependent set that additionally assumes prior information on the distribution of frequencies. We find that COs with ellipticities $ε\gtrsim 10^{-5}$ have abundance upper limits at $90\%$ confidence, of $N_{tot}^{90\%} \lesssim 100$, and those with $ε\gtrsim 10^{-6}$ have $N_{tot}^{90\%} \lesssim 10^4$. We additionally place upper-limits on the ellipticity of Galactic COs informed by our choices of spatial distributions, given different abundances $N_{tot}$.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Structured methods for parameter inference and uncertainty quantification for mechanistic models in the life sciences
Creators: name: Plank, Michael J.
name: Simpson, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Parameter inference and uncertainty quantification are important steps when relating mathematical models to real-world observations, and when estimating uncertainty in model predictions. However, methods for doing this can be computationally expensive, particularly when the number of unknown model parameters is large. The aim of this study is to develop and test an efficient profile likelihood-based method, which takes advantage of the structure of the mathematical model being used. We do this by identifying specific parameters that affect model output in a known way, such as a linear scaling. We illustrate the method by applying it to three caricature models from different areas of the life sciences: (i) a predator-prey model from ecology; (ii) a compartment-based epidemic model from health sciences; and, (iii) an advection-diffusion-reaction model describing transport of dissolved solutes from environmental science. We show that the new method produces results of comparable accuracy to existing profile likelihood methods, but with substantially fewer evaluations of the forward model. We conclude that our method could provide a much more efficient approach to parameter inference for models where a structured approach is feasible. Code to apply the new method to user-supplied models and data is provided via a publicly accessible repository.
The cost-effectiveness of as-needed budesonide-formoterol versus low-dose inhaled corticosteroid maintenance therapy in patients with mild asthma in Canada
Creators: name: Sadatsafavi, Mohsen
name: FitzGerald, J. Mark
name: O’Byrne, Paul M.
name: Soliman, Mena
name: Sriskandarajah, Niroshan
name: Vicente, Colin
name: Golam, Sarowar M.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background The Global Initiative for Asthma recommends the use of as-needed low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-formoterol as a preferred controller therapy for patients with mild asthma. These recommendations were based, in part, on evidence from the SYGMA 1 and 2 studies of as-needed budesonide-formoterol. This analysis aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of as-needed budesonide-formoterol to low-dose maintenance ICS plus as-needed short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) in patients with mild asthma. Methods A Markov cohort model was designed that included three possible health states (non-exacerbation, severe exacerbation, and death) to compare as-needed budesonide-formoterol 200–6 μg to twice-daily budesonide 200 μg maintenance therapy (low-dose ICS) plus as-needed terbutaline 0.5 mg (SABA). The deterministic base-case analysis used severe exacerbation, adverse event (AE), and healthcare resource use data from SYGMA 2, and was conducted from a Canadian public payer perspective with a 50-year time horizon, and a discount rate of 1.5% per annum. Moderate exacerbation was modelled on data from SYGMA 1 in sensitivity analyses. Utility values were derived from SYGMA 2 quality of life data. All-cause- and asthma-related mortality rates and costs (reported in 2019 Canadian dollars) were based on published data, using Canada-specific values where available. One-way deterministic sensitivity, probabilistic sensitivity, and eight scenario analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of the results. Results As-needed budesonide-formoterol was the dominant treatment option in the base-case analysis, providing incremental cost savings of $9882 per patient and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gains of 0.002 versus low-dose maintenance ICS plus as-needed SABA over a 50-year time horizon. Using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000/QALY ($100,000/QALY), as-needed budesonide-formoterol had a 94% (95%) probability of being cost-effective compared with maintenance ICS plus as-needed SABA. Cost-saving was mostly driven by lower overall medication and AE-related costs. As-needed budesonide-formoterol remained the dominant treatment in sensitivity and scenario analyses. Conclusions As-needed budesonide-formoterol is a cost-saving option for the treatment of mild asthma from the perspective of the Canadian public payer compared with low-dose maintenance ICS plus as-needed SABA.
Electron ptychography reveals a ferroelectricity dominated by anion displacements
Creators: name: KP, Harikrishnan
name: Xu, Ruijuan
name: Patel, Kinnary
name: Crust, Kevin J.
name: Khandelwal, Aarushi
name: Zhang, Chenyu
name: Prosandeev, Sergey
name: Zhou, Hua
name: Shao, Yu-Tsun
name: Bellaiche, Laurent
name: Hwang, Harold Y.
name: Muller, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sodium niobate, a lead-free ferroic material, hosts delicately-balanced, competing order parameters, including ferroelectric states that can be stabilized by epitaxial strain. Here, we show that the resulting macroscopic ferroelectricity exhibits an unconventional microscopic structure using multislice electron ptychography. This technique overcomes multiple scattering artifacts limiting conventional electron microscopy, enabling both lateral spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit and recovery of three-dimensional structural information. These imaging capabilities allow us to separate the ferroelectric interior of the sample from the relaxed surface structure and identify the soft phonon mode and related structural distortions with picometer precision. Unlike conventional ferroelectric perovskites, we find that the polar distortion in this material involves minimal distortions of the cation sublattices and is instead dominated by anion displacements relative to the niobium sublattice. We establish limits on film thickness for interfacial octahedral rotation engineering and directly visualize a random octahedral rotation pattern, arising from the flat dispersion of the associated phonon mode.
description: 69 pages, 5 figures, 10 Extended Data figures, 10 Supplementary Figures
Quantum Mechatronics
Creators: name: Lamata, Lucas
name: Quadrelli, Marco B.
name: De Silva, Clarence W.
name: Kumar, Prem
name: Kanter, Gregory S.
name: Ghazinejad, Maziar
name: Khoshnoud, Farbod
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Mechatronics systems, a macroscopic domain, aim at producing highly efficient engineering platforms, with applications in a variety of industries and situations. On the other hand, quantum technologies, a microscopic domain, are emerging as a promising avenue to speed up computations and perform more efficient sensing. Recently, these two fields have started to merge in a novel area: quantum mechatronics. In this review article, we describe some developments produced so far in this respect, including early steps into quantum robotics, macroscopic actuators via quantum effects, as well as educational initiatives in quantum mechatronics.
Broadband wireless - A tutorial essay
Creators: name: Coutts, Reg
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The paper provides a tutorial overview of the two dominant broadband wireless technology standards in the market today - HSPA and WiMAX. After providing a definition, the essay describes their respective genealogies and the basic metrics for comparison, and outlines the commercial market rivalry context to enable informed judgements to be made.
Alternatives of entanglement depth and metrological entanglement criteria
Creators: name: Szalay, Szilárd
name: Tóth, Géza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We work out the general theory of one-parameter families of partial entanglement properties and the resulting entanglement depth-like quantities. Special cases of these are the depth of partitionability, the depth of producibility (or simply entanglement depth) and the depth of stretchability, which are based on one-parameter families of partial entanglement properties known earlier. We also construct some further physically meaningful properties, for instance the squareability, the toughness, the degree of freedom, and also several ones of entropic motivation. Metrological multipartite entanglement criteria with the quantum Fisher information fit naturally into this framework. Here we formulate these for the depth of squareability, which therefore turns out to be the natural choice, leading to stronger bounds than the usual entanglement depth. Namely, the quantum Fisher information turns out to provide a lower bound not only on the maximal size of entangled subsystems, but also on the average size of entangled subsystems for a random choice of elementary subsystems. We also formulate criteria with convex quantities for both cases, which are much stronger than the original ones. In particular, the quantum Fisher information puts a lower bound on the average size of entangled subsystems. We also argue that one-parameter partial entanglement properties, which carry entropic meaning, are more suitable for the purpose of defining metrological bounds.
description: v3: revised version, accepted in Quantum; 32+18 pages, 22 figures, 814 relation signs;
Additional file 1 of Single-cell profiling of human dura and meningioma reveals cellular meningeal landscape and insights into meningioma immune response
Creators: name: Wang, Anthony Z.
name: Bowman-Kirigin, Jay A.
name: Desai, Rupen
name: Kang, Liang-I
name: Patel, Pujan R.
name: Patel, Bhuvic
name: Khan, Saad M.
name: Bender, Diane
name: Marlin, M. Caleb
name: Liu, Jingxian
name: Osbun, Joshua W.
name: Leuthardt, Eric C.
name: Chicoine, Michael R.
name: Dacey, Ralph G.
name: Zipfel, Gregory J.
name: Kim, Albert H.
name: DeNardo, David G.
name: Petti, Allegra A.
name: Dunn, Gavin P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Figs. S1-S8, Tables S1-S4. Fig. S1. Analysis of human dura immune cells and comparison to murine dura immune cells. Fig. S2. Leptomeningeal fibroblast markers. Fig. S3. Imaging mass cytometry of CD11b+ GZMB+ immune cells in DURA02 and DURA05. Fig. S4. Gene markers for PTPRC+ cells in dura and tumor samples. Fig. S5. Immunohistochemistry of a matched pair of non-tumor-associated dura and tumor. Fig. S6. Quantification of TCR overlap. Fig. S7. Analysis of DURA09, MEN09, MEN104, and MEN108 samples differentiated by general cell types. Fig. S8. CONICSmat analysis of putative patient specific tumor cells. Table S1. Patient demographics and sample characteristics. Table S2. Gene markers for cell type identification. Table S3. Antibody Information. Table S4. Gene markers for macrophage polarization states.
ARTEMIS emulator: exploring the effect of cosmology and galaxy formation physics on Milky Way-mass haloes and their satellites
Creators: name: Brown, Shaun T.
name: Fattahi, Azadeh
name: McCarthy, Ian G.
name: Font, Andreea S.
name: Oman, Kyle A.
name: Riley, Alexander H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the new ARTEMIS Emulator suite of high resolution (baryon mass of $2.23 \times 10^{4}$ $h^{-1}$M$_{\odot}$) zoom-in simulations of Milky Way mass systems. Here, three haloes from the original ARTEMIS sample have been rerun multiple times, systematically varying parameters for the stellar feedback model, the density threshold for star formation, the reionisation redshift and the assumed warm dark matter (WDM) particle mass (assuming a thermal relic). From these simulations emulators are trained for a wide range of statistics that allow for fast predictions at combinations of parameters not originally sampled, running in $\sim 1$ms (a factor of $\sim 10^{11}$ faster than the simulations). In this paper we explore the dependence of the central haloes' stellar mass on the varied parameters, finding the stellar feedback parameters to be the most important. When constraining the parameters to match the present-day stellar mass halo mass relation inferred from abundance matching we find that there is a strong degeneracy in the stellar feedback parameters, corresponding to a freedom in formation time of the stellar component for a fixed halo assembly history. We additionally explore the dependence of the satellite stellar mass function, where it is found that variations in stellar feedback, the reionisation redshift and the WDM mass all have a significant effect. The presented emulators are a powerful tool which allows for fundamentally new ways of analysing and interpreting cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. Crucially, allowing their free (subgrid) parameters to be varied and marginalised, leading to more robust constraints and predictions.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Optimizing Transparent Electrodes: Interplay of High Purity SWCNTs network and a Polymer
Creators: name: Joksovic, Sara
name: Stanojev, Jovana
name: Samardzic, Natasa
name: Bajac, Branimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of transparent electrodes led to the development of optoelectronic devices such as OLEDs, LCDs, touchscreens, IR sensors, etc. Since ITO has many drawbacks in respect of its production cost and limited transparency in IR, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been a potential replacement for ITO due to their exceptional electrical and optical properties, especially in the IR region. In this work, we present the development of a CNT-polymer composite thin film that exhibits outstanding transparency across both visible and IR spectra prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. This approach not only ensures uniform integration and crosslinking of CNTs into lightweight matrices, but also represents a cost-effective method for producing transparent electrodes with remarkable optical and electrical properties. The produced films achieved a transparency above 80% in the UV-VIS range and approximately 70% in the mid-IR range. The sheet resistance of the fabricated thin films was measured at about 4 kOhm/sq, showing a tendency to decrease with the number of bilayers. Furthermore, in this work we have investigated electrical properties and transport mechanisms in more detail with computational analysis. Computational analysis was performed to better understand the electrical behavior of nanotube-polymer junctions in the interbundle structure. Based on all results, we propose that the transparent electrodes with 4 and 6 bilayers are the most optimal structures in terms of optical and electrical properties.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures in manuscript, 5 figures in supporting information, 4 tables in manuscript, 2 tables in supporting information
Exact solution for the collective non-Markovian decay of two fully excited quantum emitters
Creators: name: Lanuza, Alfonso
name: Schneble, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Waveguide quantum electrodynamics constitutes a modern paradigm for the interaction of light and matter, in which strong coupling, bath structure, and propagation delays can break the radiative conditions that quantum emitters typically encounter in free space. These characteristics intertwine the excitations of quantum emitters and guided radiation modes to form complex multiphoton dynamics. So far, combining the collective decay of the emitters with the non-Markovian effects induced by the modes has escaped a full solution and the detailed physics behind these systems remains unknown. Here we analyze such a collective non-Markovian decay in a minimal system of two excited emitters coupled to a one-dimensional single-band waveguide. We develop an exact solution for this system in terms of elementary functions that unveils hidden symmetries and predicts new forms of spontaneous decay. The collective non-Markovian dynamics, which are strongly dependent on the vacuum coupling and the detuning from the center of the band, show exotic features that can be characterized with a simple and readily available criterion. Our analytic methods shed light on the complexity of collective light-matter interactions and open up a pathway for understanding multiparticle open quantum systems.
Spread complexity and dynamical transition in multimode Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Zhou, Bozhen
name: Chen, Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spread complexity in two-mode Bose-Einstein condensations and unveil that the long-time average of the spread complexity $\overline{C}_{K}$ can probe the dynamical transition from self-trapping to Josephson oscillation. When the parameter $ω$ increases over a critical value $ω_{c}$, we reveal that the spread complexity exhibits a sharp transition from lower to higher value, with the corresponding phase space trajectory changing from self-trapping to Josephson oscillation. Moreover, we scrutinize the eigen-spectrum and uncover the relation between the dynamical transition and the excited state quantum phase transition, which is characterized by the emergence of singularity in the density of states at critical energy $E_{c}$. In the thermodynamical limit, the cross point of $E_{c}(ω)$ and the initial energy $E_{0}(ω)$ determines the dynamical transition point $ω_{c}$. Furthermore, we show that the different dynamical behavior for the initial state at a fixed point can be distinguished by the long-time average of the spread complexity, when the fixed point changes from unstable to stable. Finally, we also examine the sensitivity of $\overline{C}_{K}$ for the triple-well bosonic model which exibits the transition from chaotic dynamics to regular dynamics.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures
Exact Work Distribution and Jarzynski's Equality of a Relativistic Particle in an Expanding Piston
Creators: name: Zhang, Xianghang
name: Shi, Tingzhang
name: Quan, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium work in a pedagogical model of relativistic ideal gas. We obtain the exact work distribution and verify the Jarzynski's equality. In the non-relativistic limit, our results recover the non-relativistic results [arXiv:cond-mat/0502434]. We also find that, unlike the non-relativistic case, the work distribution no longer has zeros and the number of collisions in this relativistic gas model is finite. In addition, based on an analysis of the experimental parameters, we conclude that it is difficult to detect the relativistic effects of the work distribution of the ideal gas in a piston system with the current experimental techniques.
Sounds waves and fluctuations in one-dimensional supersolids
Creators: name: Platt, L. M.
name: Baillie, D.
name: Blakie, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the low-energy excitations of a dilute supersolid state of matter with a one-dimensional crystal structure. A hydrodynamic description is developed based on a Lagrangian, incorporating generalized elastic parameters derived from ground state calculations. The predictions of the hydrodynamic theory are validated against solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, by comparing the speeds of sound, density fluctuations, and phase fluctuations of the two gapless bands. Our results are presented for two distinct supersolid models: a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in an infinite tube and a dilute Bose gas of atoms with soft-core interactions. Characteristic energy scales are identified, highlighting that these two models approximately realize the bulk incompressible and rigid lattice supersolid limits.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
title: Light conditions influence optic nerve OCT angiography parameter in healthy subjects with neutral pupils
Creators: name: Nelis, Pieter
name: Nieweler, A.
name: Brücher, Viktoria Constanze
name: Eter, Nicole
name: Tusscher, Marcel Ten
name: Alnawaiseh, Maged
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Optical coherence tomography angiography measurements are influenced by a range of environmental factors as blood pressure and physical fitness. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of light and dark exposure in eyes with neutral and mydriatic pupils on vessel density in the macular and optic nerve head regions, as measured using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). 55 eyes of 55 healthy volunteers (28 patients with neutral pupils; 27.18 ± 4.33 years) were examined using a high-speed and high-resolution spectral-domain OCT XR Avanti system with a split-spectrum amplitude de-correlation angiography algorithm. OCTA imaging was performed after dark adaptation and after exposure to light. The vessel density data of the superficial and deep retinal macular and optic nerve head region OCT-angiogram were analyzed for these two light conditions. Through Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, the p- value was adapted from 0.05 to 0.017. In eyes with neutral pupils, a significant increase was found in the capillary region of the optic nerve head region (p = 0.002), comparing dark- and light-adaptation. In the macular region of eyes with neutral (p = 0.718) and mydriatic pupils (p = 0.043), no significant differences were observed, as were any in the optic nerve head region of the mydriatic eyes (p = 0.797). This observation suggests that light conditions could be a possible factor influencing OCTA measurements. After dark exposure, vessel density data were significantly different between eyes with neutral and mydriatic pupils (nerve head region: p < 0.0001, superficial macula: p < 0.0001, deep macula: p = 0.0025). These data warn for the effect of mydriatic drops on vessel density measurements.
description: Finanziert über die DEAL-Vereinbarung mit Wiley, Springer oder Elsevier 2019–2023.
Nonlinear chiral forms in the Sen formulation
Creators: name: Janaun, Sujiphat
name: Phonchantuek, Anajak
name: Vanichchapongjaroen, Pichet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sen formulation for chiral $(2p)$-form in $4p+2$ dimensions describes a system with two separate sectors, one is physical while the other is unphysical. Each contains a chiral form and a metric. In this paper, we focus on the cases where the self-duality condition for the unphysical sector is linear while for the physical sector can be nonlinear. We show the decoupling at the Hamiltonian and Lagrangian levels. The decoupling at the Hamiltonian level follows the idea in the literature. Then by an appropriate field redefinition of the corresponding first-order Lagrangian, the separation at the Lagrangian level follows. We derive the diffeomorphism of the theory in the case where the chiral form in the physical sector has nonlinear self-dual field strength and couples to external $(2p+1)$-form field. Explicit forms of Sen theories are also discussed. The Lagrangian for the quadratic theory is separated into two Henneaux-Teitelboim Lagrangians. We also discuss the method of generating explicit nonlinear theories with $p=1$. Finally, we also show that the M5-brane action in the Sen formulation is separated into a Henneaux-Teitelboim action in unphysical sector and a gauge-fixed PST in physical sector.
description: 36 pages, no figure. Matched with version accepted by EPJ C
Project Earthrise: Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference of inVIVO Planetary Health
Creators: name: Prescott, Susan L.
name: Wegienka, Ganesa
name: Kort, Remco
name: Nelson, David H.
name: Gabrysch, Sabine
name: Hancock, Trevor
name: Kozyrskyj, Anita L.
name: Lowry, Christopher A.
name: Redvers, Nicole
name: Poland, Blake
name: Robinson, Jake
name: Moubarac, Jean-Claude
name: Warber, Sara
name: Jansson, Janet
name: Sinkkonen, Aki
name: Penders, John
name: Erdman, Susan
name: Nanan, Ralph
name: Bosch, Matilda Van Den
name: Schneider, Kirk
name: Schroeck, Nicholas J.
name: Sobko, Tanja
name: Harvie, Jamie
name: Kaplan, George A.
name: Moodie, Rob
name: Lengnick, Laura
name: Prilleltensky, Isaac
name: Celidwen, Yuria
name: Berman, Susan H.
name: Logan, Alan C.
name: Berman, Brian
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: The “Earthrise” photograph, taken on the 1968 Apollo 8 mission, became one of the most significant images of the 20th Century. It triggered a profound shift in environmental awareness and the potential for human unity—inspiring the first Earth Day in 1970. Taking inspiration from these events 50 years later, we initiated Project Earthrise at our 2020 annual conference of inVIVO Planetary Health. This builds on the emergent concept of planetary health, which provides a shared narrative to integrate rich and diverse approaches from all aspects of society towards shared solutions to global challenges. The acute catastrophe of the COVID-19 pandemic has drawn greater attention to many other interconnected global health, environmental, social, spiritual, and economic problems that have been underappreciated or neglected for decades. This is accelerating opportunities for greater collaborative action, as many groups now focus on the necessity of a “Great Transition”. While ambitious integrative efforts have never been more important, it is imperative to apply these with mutualistic value systems as a compass, as we seek to make wiser choices. Project Earthrise is our contribution to this important process. This underscores the imperative for creative ecological solutions to challenges in all systems, on all scales with advancing global urbanization in the digital age—for personal, environmental, economic and societal health alike. At the same time, our agenda seeks to equally consider our social and spiritual ecology as it does natural ecology. Revisiting the inspiration of “Earthrise”, we welcome diverse perspectives from across all dimensions of the arts and the sciences, to explore novel solutions and new normative values. Building on academic rigor, we seek to place greater value on imagination, kindness and mutualism as we address our greatest challenges, for the health of people, places and planet.
Gibbs scheme in the theory of random fields
Creators: name: Khachatryan, L. A.
name: Nahapetian, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B03, 60G60, 60E05, 60J99

description: The purpose of this work is to expand and clarify the concept of the class of Gibbs random fields and give its structure the form accepted in the theory of random processes. It is possible thanks to the proposed purely probabilistic definition of the Gibbs random field without refereing to any physical notion. However, we do not oppose to each other the physical and probabilistic points of view on mathematical statistical physics; on the contrary, we show their natural compatibility within the framework of the suggested Gibbs scheme. The outlines of the corresponding theory are presented. In this theory, the DLR--definition is not used. At the same time, the related existence theorem provides one of adequate ways to construct Gibbs random fields (in the sense of probabilistic definition). The results of mathematical statistical physics are embedded in the theory of Gibbs random fields under development as its important (if not the most important) part. We describe in general terms the range of those problems that are more natural to solve using our definition. For example, the problem of the Gibbsian description of known classes of random fields as well as questions of validity of limit theorems of probability theory.
description: 19 pp
DGMamba: Domain Generalization via Generalized State Space Model
Creators: name: Long, Shaocong
name: Zhou, Qianyu
name: Li, Xiangtai
name: Lu, Xuequan
name: Ying, Chenhao
name: Luo, Yuan
name: Ma, Lizhuang
name: Yan, Shuicheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Domain generalization~(DG) aims at solving distribution shift problems in various scenes. Existing approaches are based on Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) or Vision Transformers (ViTs), which suffer from limited receptive fields or quadratic complexities issues. Mamba, as an emerging state space model (SSM), possesses superior linear complexity and global receptive fields. Despite this, it can hardly be applied to DG to address distribution shifts, due to the hidden state issues and inappropriate scan mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for DG, named DGMamba, that excels in strong generalizability toward unseen domains and meanwhile has the advantages of global receptive fields, and efficient linear complexity. Our DGMamba compromises two core components: Hidden State Suppressing~(HSS) and Semantic-aware Patch refining~(SPR). In particular, HSS is introduced to mitigate the influence of hidden states associated with domain-specific features during output prediction. SPR strives to encourage the model to concentrate more on objects rather than context, consisting of two designs: Prior-Free Scanning~(PFS), and Domain Context Interchange~(DCI). Concretely, PFS aims to shuffle the non-semantic patches within images, creating more flexible and effective sequences from images, and DCI is designed to regularize Mamba with the combination of mismatched non-semantic and semantic information by fusing patches among domains. Extensive experiments on five commonly used DG benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed DGMamba achieves remarkably superior results to state-of-the-art models. The code will be made publicly available at https://github.com/longshaocong/DGMamba.
description: Accepted to ACM MM 2024
Additional file 1 of An integrative in-silico analysis discloses a novel molecular subset of colorectal cancer possibly eligible for immune checkpoint immunotherapy
Creators: name: Sibilio, Pasquale
name: Belardinilli, Francesca
name: Licursi, Valerio
name: Paci, Paola
name: Giannini, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary methods; Supplementary Table 1, 2, 5 and Supplementary figures 1,2 and 3. Descriptions of the supplementary tables and figures are embedded in the file.
The association of opening K–12 schools with the spread of COVID-19 in the United States : County-level panel data analysis
Creators: name: Chernozhukov, Victor
name: Kasahara, Hiroyuki
name: Schrimpf, Paul
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This paper empirically examines how the opening of K–12 schools is associated with the spread of COVID-19 using county-level panel data in the United States. As preliminary evidence, our event-study analysis indicates that cases and deaths in counties with in-person or hybrid opening relative to those with remote opening substantially increased after the school opening date, especially for counties without any mask mandate for staff. Our main analysis uses a dynamic panel data model for case and death growth rates, where we control for dynamically evolving mitigation policies, past infection levels, and additive county-level and state-week “fixed” effects. This analysis shows that an increase in visits to both K–12 schools and colleges is associated with a subsequent increase in case and death growth rates. The estimates indicate that fully opening K–12 schools with in-person learning is associated with a 5 (SE = 2) percentage points increase in the growth rate of cases. We also find that the association of K–12 school visits or in-person school openings with case growth is stronger for counties that do not require staff to wear masks at schools. These findings support policies that promote masking and other precautionary measures at schools and giving vaccine priority to education workers.
Strange stars admixed with dark matter: equiparticle model in a two fluid approach
Creators: name: Marzola, Isabella
name: Rodrigues, Everson H.
name: Coelho, Anderson F.
name: Lourenço, Odilon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we explore the possible scenario of strange stars admixed with fermionic or bosonic dark matter. For the description of the ``visible'' sector, we use a specific phenomenological quark model that takes into account in-medium effects for the quark masses through a suitable baryonic density dependence, in which the free parameters are chosen from the analysis of the stellar matter stability window (parametrizations presenting lower energy per baryon than iron nuclei). In the case of the dark sector, we investigate the predictions of fermionic and bosonic models. In the former, we consider a spin $1/2$ dark particle, and the latter is described by a dark scalar meson. Both models present a repulsive vector interaction, particularly important for the bosonic model since it helps avoid the collapse of the star due to the lack of degeneracy pressure. Our results point out possible stable strange stars configurations in agreement with data from the NASA NICER measurements of the pulsars PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620, including the latest observational data, as well as the observed HESS J1731-347 mass-radius relationship. As another feature, we find stars with dark matter halo configurations for lower values of the dark particle mass.
description: Version accepted for publication in PRD
Restoring Connectivity in Vascular Segmentation using a Learned Post-Processing Model
Creators: name: Carneiro-Esteves, Sophie
name: Vacavant, Antoine
name: Merveille, Odyssée
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Accurate segmentation of vascular networks is essential for computer-aided tools designed to address cardiovascular diseases. Despite more than thirty years of research, it remains a challenge to obtain vascular segmentation results that preserve the connectivity of the underlying vascular network. Yet connectivity is one of the key feature of these tools. In this work, we propose a post-processing algorithm aiming to reconnect vascular structures that have been disconnected by a segmentation algorithm. Connectivity being a complex property to model explicity, we propose to learn this geometric feature either through synthetic data or annotations of the application of interest. The resulting post-processing model can be used on the output of any supervised or unsupervised vascular segmentation algorithm. We show that this post-processing effectively restores the connectivity of vascular networks both in 2D and 3D images, leading to improved overall segmentation results.
Signature of systemic rotation in 21 Galactic Globular Clusters from APOGEE-2
Creators: name: Petralia, Ilaria
name: Minniti, Dante
name: Fernández-Trincado, José G.
name: Lane, Richard R.
name: Schiavon, Ricardo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Traditionally, Globular Clusters (GCs) have been assumed to be quasi-relaxed non-rotating systems, characterized by spherical symmetry and orbital isotropy. However, in recent years, a growing set of observational evidence is unveiling an unexpected dynamical complexity in Galactic GCs. Indeed, kinematic studies show that a measurable amount of internal rotation is present in many present-day GCs. Aims. The objective of this work is to analyse the APOGEE-2 Value-Added Catalogs (VACs) DR17 data of a sample of 21 GCs to extend the sample showing signatures of systemic rotation, in order to better understand the kinematic properties of GCs in general. Also, we aim to identify the fastest rotating GC from the sample of objects with suitable measurements. Methods. From the sample of 23 GCs included in this work, the presence of systemic rotation was detected in 21 of the GCs, using three different methods. All these methods use the radial velocity referred to the cluster systemic velocity. Using the first method, it was possible to visually verify the clear-cut signature of systemic rotation. Whereas, using the second and third methods, it was possible to determine the amplitude of the rotation curve and the position angle of the rotation axis. Results. This study shows that 21 GCs have a signature of systemic rotation. For these clusters, the rotation amplitude and the position angle of the rotation axis have been calculated. The clusters cover a remarkable range of rotational amplitudes, from 0.77 km/s to 13.85 km/s.
Cost and CO2 emissions co-optimisation of green hydrogen production in a grid-connected renewable energy system
Creators: name: Farah, Sleiman
name: Bokde, Neeraj
name: Andresen, Gorm Bruun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Green hydrogen is essential for producing renewable fuels that are needed in sectors that are hard to electrify directly. Hydrogen production in a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy plant necessitates smart planning to meet long-term hydrogen trading agreements while minimising costs and emissions. Previous research analysed economic and environmental impact of hydrogen production based on full foresight of renewable energy availabilty, electricity price, and CO2 intensity in the electricity grid. However, the full foresight assumption is impractical in day-to-day operation, often leading to underestimations of both the cost and CO2 emissions associated with hydrogen production. Therefore, this research introduces a novel long-term planner that uses historical data and short-term forecasts to plan hydrogen production in the day-to-day operation of a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy plant. The long-term planner co-minimises cost and CO2 emissions to determine the hydrogen production for the next day taking into account the remaining hydrogen production and the time remaining until the end of the delivery period, which can be a week, a month, or a year. Extended delivery periods provide operation flexibility, enabling cost and CO2 emissions reductions. Significant reductions in CO2 emissions can be achieved with relatively small increases in the levelised cost. Under day-to-day operation, the levelised cost of hydrogen is marginally higher than that of the full foresight; the CO2 emissions can be up to 60% higher. Despite a significant portion of the produced hydrogen not meeting the criteria for green hydrogen designation under current rules, CO2 emissions are lower than those from existing alternative hydrogen production methods. These results underscore the importance of balancing cost considerations with environmental impacts in operational decision-making.
Wireless broadband technologies for regional and rural Australia: A last-mile perspective
Creators: name: Islam, AHM Razibul
name: Selvadurai, Niloufer
name: Town, Graham
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The deployment of wireless broadband networks to deliver high-speed broadband services to regional and rural Australia is increasingly being examined as a viable alternative to the deployment of wired technology. Whilst last-mile connectivity (i.e. the connection which links the enduser to the network backbone) can be very expensive for carriage service providers deploying wired technology, the deployment of wireless technologies, typically characterised by lower capital and operational costs, can provide a more effective solution to the connectivity problems presently experienced by these remote demographics...
Harmonic Oscillator Staging Coordinates for Efficient Path Integral Simulations of Quantum Oscillators and Crystals
Creators: name: Moustafa, Sabry G.
name: Schultz, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imaginary-time path integral (PI) is a rigorous tool to compute static properties at finite temperatures. However, the stiff PI internal modes poses a sampling challenge. This is commonly tackled using staging coordinates, in which the free particle (FP) term of the PI action is diagonalized. We introduce novel and simple staging coordinates that diagonalize the entire action of the harmonic oscillator (HO) model, rendering it efficiently applicable to systems with harmonic character, such as quantum oscillators and crystals. The method is not applicable to fluids or systems with imaginary modes. Unlike FP staging, the HO staging provides a unique treatment of the centroid mode. We provide implementation schemes for PIMC and PIMD in NVT ensemble. Sampling efficiency is assessed in terms of precision and accuracy of estimating the energy and heat capacity of a one-dimensional HO and an asymmetric anharmonic oscillator (AO). In PIMC, the HO coordinates propose collective moves that perfectly sample the HO contribution, then (for AO) the anharmonic term is sampled using standard Metropolis method. This results in a high acceptance rate and, hence, high precision, in comparison to the FP staging. In PIMD, the HO coordinates prescribe definitions for the fictitious masses, yielding equal frequencies when applied to HO model. This allows for larger time step sizes relative to standard staging, without affecting accuracy or integrator stability. We also present results using normal mode (NM) coordinates, based on both HO and FP models. While staging and NM coordinates show similar performance (for FP or HO), staging is computationally preferable due to its cheaper scaling with Trotter number. The enhanced sampling of HO coordinates open avenues for efficient estimation of nuclear quantum effects in more complex systems with harmonic character, such as real molecular bonds and quantum crystals.