cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Monojets from compressed weak frustrated dark matter
Creators: name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Goodsell, Mark D.
name: Murphy, Taylor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the so-called hyperchargeless Higgs triplet model to include a weak triplet of Dirac fermions and a Dirac fermion $X$ transforming trivially under the Standard Model gauge group. We are motivated in part by a collection of anomalies that can be interpreted as a new scalar state with mass of approximately 152 GeV coupling to $W$ but not $Z$ bosons, which may be consistent with the electrically neutral triplet scalar in this model (provided that it mixes very slightly with the Standard Model Higgs boson). Meanwhile, the lightest neutral fermion in the model is stable and can be thermal dark matter with the correct relic abundance if it mixes lightly with the neutral triplet fermion, such that the dark matter is composed mostly of $X$. Because $X$ couples to the Standard Model only through a Yukawa-like interaction with the pair of triplets, this model falls into the frustrated dark matter paradigm. Finally, the spectrum of exotic fermions in this model can exhibit the strong compression favored by the current excess in the monojet channel, and evades multijet constraints in the region favored by monojets. In this work we explore this model's phenomenology and compare the parameter space regions best suited to each of the aforementioned excesses and constraints.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. Updated to resemble Phys. Rev. D Version of Record
Primordial Bounce-Inflation Scenario to Alleviate Cosmological Tensions and Lensing Anomaly
Creators: name: Li, Hao-Hao
name: Zhang, Xin-zhe
name: Qiu, Taotao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put forward a primordial scenario to alleviate cosmological tensions, i.e. Hubble ($H_0$) tension and $ S_8 $ tension. Based on flat $Λ$CDM, the Bounce-Inflation (BI) scenario gives the results that $ H_0 = 68.60^{+0.40}_{-0.45} \, \text{km}/\text{s}/\text{Mpc}$, $ S_8 = 0.806 \pm 0.011 $ by using \texttt{Planck 2018} data sets and $ H_0 = 68.96 \pm 0.38 \, \text{km}/\text{s}/\text{Mpc}$, $ S_8 = 0.797\pm 0.010 $ by using \texttt{Planck 2018} + \texttt{SPT3G} data sets. These reduce the cosmological tensions slightly. We also take an extended $Λ$CDM model into account, $Λ$CDM (BI)+$A_L$, where $ A_L $ is the gravitational lensing amplitude. The results are $ H_0 = 69.38 \pm 0.49 \, \text{km}/\text{s}/\text{Mpc}$, $ S_8 = 0.774 \pm 0.014 $ fitted by \texttt{Planck 2018} data sets and $ H_0 = 69.49 \pm 0.45 \, \text{km}/\text{s}/\text{Mpc}$, $ S_8 = 0.771^{+0.013}_{-0.012} $ fitted by \texttt{Planck 2018} + \texttt{SPT3G} data sets, which reduce the Hubble tension to $\sim 3σ$ level and show no $S_8 $ tension. The $A_L \approx 1.1$ is smaller than the result of the inflation scenario with a constraint of \texttt{Planck 2018} data sets. Besides, the spectral index of the bounce-inflation scenario $ n_s $ is about $ 0.98 $, with a trend to the Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, science bulletin accepted
title: Reframing disruption: a contingency and resource dependence perspective on the new disruption and automotive supply chain resilience
Creators: name: Li, Weiyuan
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2025

description: The global spread of the COVID-19 has had a profound impact on the global supply chain, prompting a rethink of the research agenda on supply chain resilience (SCRES). The current research on disruption and resilience-related topics has been revealed to be inadequate in defining and addressing this unprecedented disruption. Furthermore, its considerable impact has rendered preceding strategies for addressing SCRES ineffective, resulting in prolonged recovery periods for the supply chain. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research that has identified specific and clear strategies for addressing similar scenarios in the future, particularly within the manufacturing sector. Consequently, this research aims to gain a comprehensive understanding of this New Disruption by extending the existing research on supply chain disruption (SCD), and seeks to identify appropriate recovery strategies to enhance SCRES in the event of potential risks in the future. This research has successfully established a framework combining contingency theory and resource dependency theory, conceptualising the disruptive event as the New Disruption, and developed a clear definition that extends the boundary of SCD. 

In order to gain insight into the manufacturing supply chain, this research employed a qualitative approach, collecting data through focus groups and interviews with practitioners from organisations occupying various roles in China’s automotive supply chain. Thematic analysis and Interpretive Structural Modelling revealed additional challenges unique to this New Disruption in the manufacturing sector, which were not identified in the literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The empirical findings elucidated the manner in which this New Disruption impacted the automotive supply chain from the outset of the lockdown period, gradually permeating the supply chain and amplifying its destructive effects, thus exerting a long-term impact until the recovery stage. In terms of recovery, this research emphasised the importance of collaborative efforts among supply chain partners in facilitating the swift recuperation of the supply chain from disruptions. This may be achieved through the sharing of information,
Classical $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin liquid on the generalized four-color Kitaev model
Creators: name: Yan, Han
name: Pohle, Rico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While $U$(1) spin liquids have been extensively studied in both quantum and classical regimes, exact classical $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin liquids arising from models with nearest-neighbor, bilinear spin interactions are still rare. In this Letter, we explore the four-color Kitaev model as a minimal model for stabilizing classical $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin liquids across a broad family of tricoordinated lattices. By formulating a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory, we identify this spin liquid as being described by an emergent Gauss's law with effective charge-2 condensation, and deconfined fractionalized bond-charge excitations. We complement our findings with Monte Carlo simulations, revealing a crossover from a high-temperature paramagnet to a low-temperature liquid phase characterized by residual entropy, classical $\mathbb{Z}_2$ flux order, and diffuse spin structure factors.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
The Effect of Acute Intermittent Hypoxia on Postprandial Lipid Metabolism
Creators: name: Morin, Renée
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Intermittent hypoxia
Triglycerides
Postprandial
Lipoproteins
Obstructive sleep apnea

description: Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) consists of repeated, involuntary breathing suspension during sleep. These events induce rapid depletion/repletion of blood/tissue oxygen content, a phenomenon known as intermittent hypoxia. Aside from causing daytime sleepiness, the most important health consequence of OSA is a 2-fold increase in cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Animal studies provide evidence that intermittent hypoxia, a simulating model of OSA, causes important rise in plasma TG, especially in the postprandial state. However, the underpinning mechanisms linking intermittent hypoxia to altered postprandial TG levels remain unknown. As such, the objective of this study was to characterize the effects of acute intermittent hypoxia on postprandial TG levels in 2 distinct lipoprotein subtypes in humans: chylomicrons which are secreted by the intestine and carry dietary lipids, and denser TG carriers (mainly VLDL) which are secreted by the liver and carry endogenous lipids. Methods: The research consisted of a randomized crossover design. In collaboration with the Sleep laboratory at Montfort Hospital, 7 individuals diagnosed with moderate sleep apnea were recruited through phone calls as well as 8 healthy individuals without OSA from the University of Ottawa. While lying on a bed, participants were given a meal after which they were exposed for 6 hours to normoxia or intermittent hypoxia corresponding to moderate OSA, e.g. 15 hypoxic events per hour. Blood lipid levels were measured hourly. Results: Plasma TG levels increased over time in both experimental conditions and tended to be greater under 6-h exposure to intermittent hypoxia (p=0.093, effect size ηp2= 0.383.). This trend toward higher total plasma TG under intermittent hypoxia was attributable to increased levels in denser TG carrying lipoproteins such as VLDL and CM remnants (p= 0.009, ηp2 = 0.173). Conclusion: Acute intermittent hypoxia, a simulating model of obstructive sleep apnea, tends to negatively affect postprandial TG levels, which is attributable to an increase in denser TG carrying lipoprotein levels such as VLDL and CM remnants. These results lend support to the increase in blood lipid levels in animal studies observing the effect of acute hypoxia in mice. Contribution to advancement of knowledge: This proposed research will allow a better understanding of the mechanisms by which obstructive sleep apnea may alter blood lipid profile. This information will be beneficial to the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea related dyslipidemia and contribute to reduce CVD risk in the large proportion of obstructive sleep apnea patients who are reluctant to current treatment avenues.
Uncovering Quantum Many-body Scars with Quantum Machine Learning
Creators: name: Feng, Jiajin
name: Zhang, Bingzhi
name: Yang, Zhi-Cheng
name: Zhuang, Quntao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum many-body scars are rare eigenstates hidden within the chaotic spectra of many-body systems, representing a weak violation of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). Identifying these scars, as well as other non-thermal states in complex quantum systems, remains a significant challenge. Besides exact scar states, the nature of other non-thermal states lacking simple analytical characterization remains an open question. In this study, we employ tools from quantum machine learning -- specifically, (enhanced) quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNNs), to explore hidden non-thermal states in chaotic many-body systems. Our simulations demonstrate that QCNNs achieve over 99% single-shot measurement accuracy in identifying all known scars. Furthermore, we successfully identify new non-thermal states in models such as the xorX model, the PXP model, and the far-coupling Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. In the xorX model, some of these non-thermal states can be approximately described as spin-wave modes of specific quasiparticles. We further develop effective tight-binding Hamiltonians within the quasiparticle subspace to capture key features of these many-body eigenstates. Finally, we validate the performance of QCNNs on IBM quantum devices, achieving single-shot measurement accuracy exceeding 63% under real-world noise and errors, with the aid of error mitigation techniques. Our results underscore the potential of QCNNs to uncover hidden non-thermal states in quantum many-body systems.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures
Designing time at the user interface: a study of temporal aspects of usability
Creators: name: Fabre, John B.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This thesis is concerned with temporal factors from the perspective of the interactive designer/interface designer and usability as a construct for guiding design activity. The research reported herein examines the many factors which emerge when considering the name of interaction at the user interface. Temporal Aspects of Usability (TAU) is presented as a multivariate construct. It is neither a property that exists 'in the head alone' not is it an aspect of the system but rather an emergent property arising from task based interactions. From a theoretical perspective, it is argued that the inclusion of temporal considerations to the task model more fully specifies 'Usability' as a design construct. A model of TAU is evolved and validated utilizing situated interviews with designers. This resulted in an Enhanced model of TAU. A method for developing temporally informed task models, KAT-LITTER (Leveraging Interactions Through Effective Responses), provides temporal design heuristics as the confluence of, KAT (Knowledge Analysis of Task) a task analysis method, and the enhanced TAU model. As a method, KAT-LITTER is device independent, data centered, domain specific and necessarily independent of existing implementations. A process evaluation of KAT-LITTER showed that it influenced the design process in two significant ways: firstly, designers using KAT-LITTER spent more time reasoning about temporal issues than designers using KAT alone, and secondly these same designers considered a broader spectrum of temporal issues. The development of TAU, its accompanying method, KAT-LITTER, complete with a notational system for analysis represent a significant step forward.
Investigating the Design-Science Connection in a multi-week Engineering Design (ED)-based introductory physics laboratory task
Creators: name: Subramaniam, Ravishankar Chatta
name: Borse, Nikhil
name: Bralin, Amir
name: Morphew, Jason W.
name: Rebello, Carina M.
name: Rebello, N. Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reform documents advocate for innovative pedagogical strategies to enhance student learning. A key innovation is the integration of science and engineering practices through Engineering Design (ED)-based physics laboratory tasks, where students tackle engineering design problems by applying physics principles. While this approach has its benefits, research shows that students do not always effectively apply scientific concepts, but instead rely on trial-and-error approaches, and end up 'gadgeteering' their way to a solution. This leads to what is commonly referred to as the "design-science gap" -- that students do not always consciously apply science concepts while solving a design problem. However, as obvious as the notion of a `gap' may appear, there seems to exist no consensus on the definitions of `design' and `science', further complicating the understanding of this `gap'. This qualitative study addresses the notion of the design-science gap by examining student-groups' discussions and written lab reports from a multi-week ED-based undergraduate introductory physics laboratory task. Building on our earlier studies, we developed and employed a nuanced, multi-layered coding scheme inspired by the Gioia Framework to characterize `design thinking' and `science thinking'. We discuss how student-groups engage in various aspects of design and how they apply concepts physics principles to solve the problem. In the process, we demonstrate the interconnectedness of students' design thinking and science thinking. We advocate for the usage of the term "design-science connection" as opposed to "design-science gap" to deepen both design and scientific thinking. Our findings offer valuable insights for educators in design-based science education.
description: 1. Some changes made in Sections: 1, 2A, 2B, 2E, 4A, 4E (i), 4E (ii), 5D (ii), 5G, 5I; Nothing removed, but there's significantly more detailing now. 2. Caption 5E has been slightly modified. 3. Tables 4 and 5 have been expanded (extra column added). 5. A new Section 9 added to outline Future Work
The Bajratari case: are all resources good enough for EU law?
Creators: name: Menezes Queiroz, Benedita
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2020

description: The Bajratari case is a significant contribution of the Court of Justice of the European Union to the clarification of the meaning of the condition of sufficient resources within the regime of the Citizens Directive 2004/38 (Article 7 (1) (b)). Moreover, it is also a step towards strengthening EU citizen’s right to move and reside in another Member State. In this decision the Court held that income that results from the exercise of professional activities without a lawful residence and employment permit is not to be excluded from the condition of sufficient resources imposed by EU law to a Union citizen who is residing for more than three months in another Member State.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 4 n. 1 (2020)
Uncertainty Analysis of Limit Cycle Oscillations in Nonlinear Dynamical Systems with the Fourier Generalized Polynomial Chaos Expansion
Creators: name: de Jong, Lars
name: Clasen, Paula
name: Müller, Michael
name: Römer, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In engineering, simulations play a vital role in predicting the behavior of a nonlinear dynamical system. In order to enhance the reliability of predictions, it is essential to incorporate the inherent uncertainties that are present in all real-world systems. Consequently, stochastic predictions are of significant importance, particularly during design or reliability analysis. In this work, we concentrate on the stochastic prediction of limit cycle oscillations, which typically occur in nonlinear dynamical systems and are of great technical importance. To address uncertainties in the limit cycle oscillations, we rely on the recently proposed Fourier generalized Polynomial Chaos expansion (FgPC), which combines Fourier analysis with spectral stochastic methods. In this paper, we demonstrate that valuable insights into the dynamics and their variability can be gained with a FgPC analysis, considering different benchmarks. These are the well-known forced Duffing oscillator and a more complex model from cell biology in which highly non-linear electrophysiological processes are closely linked to diffusive processes. With our spectral method, we are able to predict complicated marginal distributions of the limit cycle oscillations and, additionally, for self-excited systems, the uncertainty in the base frequency. Finally we study the sparsity of the FgPC coefficients as a basis for adaptive approximation.
description: submitted to Journal of Sound and Vibration
Deliverable 3.1. Simulation software
Creators: name: Abadal, Jordi
name: Morató, Moisès
name: Eguilaz, Asier
name: Bilbao, Ander
name: Tobella, Antonio
name: Sánchez, Sergio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: simulation software
visual interface
libraries
project database module
data process and calculation

description: CHESS SETUP system is composed by a sort of elements (water tanks, solar panels, heat pumps, etc.) that interact with each other. In order to analyze the feasibility of the proposed system and calculate the results, it’s necessary to perform a simulation of mass and energy balance between the different components. This report is the user guide of the CHESS SETUP software. This software is intended to carry out a preliminary system sizing in a very quick and simple way. The software allows a calculation of the required solar surface and storage volume, power and energy performance of the equipments, solar production, electrical consumption of the heat pump, gas consumption, and thermal losses among other parameters. It also executes an economic analysis (investment cost, economic saving and payback). The software is public and available in the CHESS SETUP webpage (http://chess-setup-similator.net/login.php) and can be accessed for free using the following codes: User: demo Password: demo
Intimacy, fathers, best friends and the well-being of young adult males
Creators: name: Gruenert, Stefan M.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Studies of relationship intimacy have relied heavily on concepts such as emotional self-disclosure. When intimacy has been examined in this 'traditionally female' way, men have generally reported less intimacy in their relationships than women. Few studies, however, have examined broader indicators of intimacy, or the diversity of intimate experiences within each gender. The present study investigated differences in the way 194 young, heterosexual adult men experienced and expressed intimacy within their relationships, particularly with their fathers and with a best male friend. Five groups of men with different relationship patterns were identified using a clustering procedure. The clusters were based on men's relationships with their mothers and fathers, their best male friend, their approach to romantic relationships with women, and their masculinity ideologies. The five groups, labelled Secure, Anxious, Resilient, Foreclosed, and Fearful were then compared on measures of psychological well-being. Men with Secure and Foreclosed relationship patterns reported the highest levels of well-being. While Secure men experienced intimacy in broad ways and had all-round positive relationships, Foreclosed men expressed traditionally masculine views and reported ideal parental relationships, but were less emotionally expressive and had poorer peer relationships. In contrast, men with Resilient and Anxious relationship patterns reported moderate levels of well-being. Despite some mild depression and problematic drug use, Resilient men had largely overcome very negative relationships with their fathers and had been able to establish positive peer relationships that were characterised by high levels of emotional expression. On the other hand, Anxious men had experienced inconsistent and unreliable fathering and had subsequently experienced high levels of anxiety in their romantic relationships. Finally, Fearful men indicated very low levels of well-being and had all-round poor relationships that lacked most aspects of intimacy. Themes within respondents' memories of their fathers and best male friends were also analysed. Qualitative examples of these themes are presented to highlight and explore differences between the five groups of men in their profiles and their relationship working models. The roles that fathers and male best friends play in young men's lives are also discussed, as are the implications of the findings for counselling theory and practice.
A Stochastic Origin of Spacetime Non-Commutativity
Creators: name: Arzano, Michele
name: Kuipers, Folkert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a stochastic interpretation of spacetime non-commutativity starting from the path integral formulation of quantum mechanical commutation relations. We discuss how the (non-)commutativity of spacetime is inherently related to the continuity or discontinuity of paths in the path integral formulation. Utilizing Wiener processes, we demonstrate that continuous paths lead to commutative spacetime, whereas discontinuous paths correspond to non-commutative spacetime structures. As an example we introduce discontinuous paths from which the $κ$-Minkowski spacetime commutators can be obtained. Moreover we focus on modifications of the Leibniz rule for differentials acting on discontinuous trajectories. We show how these can be related to the deformed action of translation generators focusing, as a working example, on the $κ$-Poincaré algebra. Our findings suggest that spacetime non-commutativity can be understood as a result of fundamental discreteness in temporal and/or spatial evolution.
description: 23+10 pages; v2: extended discussion and references added
Gehemmter Wandel: Gewerkschaften in der VR China
Creators: name: Heilmann, Sebastian
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Der wirtschaftliche und soziale Wandel der Reformperiode bringt auch für klassische parteigelenkte "Massenorganisationen" wie den Nationalen Gewerkschaftsbund einen starken Wandlungsdruck mit sich. Die Kommunistische Partei Chinas (KPCh) hatte jahrzehntelang wie ihre untergegangenen Schwesterparteien in Osteuropa auf einer fiktiven Interesseneinheit zwischen Arbeitern, Betriebsleitungen und Partei/Staat beharrt. Mit dem Gewerkschaftsgesetz von 1992 und dem Arbeitsgesetz von 1994 wurde der Gewerkschaftsorganisation jedoch offiziell das Recht zugestanden, die Interessen der Arbeiterschaft gegenüber Betriebsleitungen und staatlichen Stellen aktiv und "unabhängig" zu vertreten.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - Januar 1997
Deng Xiaoping
Creators: name: Liu, Jen-Kai
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Mitte Januar 1993 brachte der ZK-Verlag für Parteidokumente das Buch Deng Xiaoping guanyu jianshe you Zhongguo tese shehuizhuyi de lunshu zhuanti zhaibian (Auswahl von Darlegungen Deng Xiaopings über den Aufbau des Sozialismus chinesischer Prägung) auf den Markt. Darin sind Äußerungen, Reden und Schriften Dengs aus dem Zeitraum 1977 bis Frühjahr 1992, als er seine spektakuäre Reise in den Süden unternahm, um eine neue Reform- und Modernisierungswelle in Bewegung zu setzen, enthalten. Die Volkszeitung veröffentlichte am 17. Januar das Inhaltsverzeichnis und brachte am folgenden Tag umfangreiche Auszüge aus dem Band.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - Januar 1997
Organic Synaptic Diodes Based on Polymeric Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductors
Creators: name: Gärisch, Fabian
name: Ligorio, Giovanni
name: Klein, Patrick
name: Forster, Michael
name: Scherf, Ullrich
name: List-Kratochvil, Emil J.W.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: mixed ionic‐electronic conductors
subject: neuromorphic devices
subject: organic synaptic diodes
subject: synaptic plasticity
subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten

description: Neuromorphic devices are likely to be the next evolution of computing, allowing to implement machine learning within hardware components. In biological neural systems, learning and signal processing are achieved by communication between neurons through time‐dependent ion flux in the synapses. Integrating such ion‐mediated operating principles in neuromorphic devices can deliver an energy efficient and powerful technology. Here a device known as a light‐emitting electrochemical cell is revisited and modified, exploiting its ability to modulate current through ion accumulation/depletion at the electrodes and turn it into an organic synaptic diode. This two‐terminal device is based on an organic mixed ionic‐electronic conducting polymer that serves as active layer for conduction of lithium ions as well as charge carriers. The ionic conduction properties are modified by cryptand molecules, able to reversibly capture ions. The device can be reliably switched between states for at least 100 cycles and displays state retention for multiple minutes. The applicability for neuromorphic applications is further demonstrated by exploring frequency‐dependent plasticity and paired‐pulse facilitation behavior in the millisecond range. The polymeric nature, combined with the simple two‐terminal architecture of the presented neuromorphic device, opens up a range of possibilities regarding the fabrication of artificial neural networks.
LensWatch. II. Improved Photometry and Time-delay Constraints on the Strongly Lensed Type Ia Supernova 2022qmx ("SN Zwicky") with HST Template Observations
Creators: name: Larison, Conor
name: Pierel, Justin D. R.
name: Newman, Max J. B.
name: Jha, Saurabh W.
name: Gilman, Daniel
name: Hayes, Erin E.
name: Agrawal, Aadya
name: Arendse, Nikki
name: Birrer, Simon
name: Bronikowski, Mateusz
name: Della Costa, John M.
name: Coulter, David A.
name: Courbin, Frédéric
name: Chakrabarti, Sukanya
name: Diego, Jose M.
name: Dalrymple, Kyle A.
name: Dhawan, Suhail
name: Goobar, Ariel
name: Gall, Christa
name: Hjorth, Jens
name: Huang, Xiaosheng
name: Mao, Shude
name: Marques-Chaves, Rui
name: Mazzali, Paolo A.
name: More, Anupreeta
name: Moustakas, Leonidas A.
name: Pérez-Fournon, Ismael
name: Petrushevska, Tanja
name: Poidevin, Frédérick
name: Rest, Armin
name: Shajib, Anowar J.
name: Shirley, Raphael
name: Sheu, William
name: Strolger, Louis-Gregory
name: Suyu, Sherry H.
name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Zenati, Yossef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly lensed supernovae (SNe) are a rare class of transient that can offer tight cosmological constraints that are complementary to methods from other astronomical events. We present a follow-up study of one recently-discovered strongly lensed SN, the quadruply-imaged Type Ia SN 2022qmx (aka, "SN Zwicky") at z = 0.3544. We measure updated, template-subtracted photometry for SN Zwicky and derive improved time delays and magnifications. This is possible because SNe are transient, fading away after reaching their peak brightness. Specifically, we measure point spread function (PSF) photometry for all four images of SN Zwicky in three Hubble Space Telescope WFC3/UVIS passbands (F475W, F625W, F814W) and one WFC3/IR passband (F160W), with template images taken $\sim 11$ months after the epoch in which the SN images appear. We find consistency to within $2σ$ between lens model predicted time delays ($\lesssim1$ day), and measured time delays with HST colors ($\lesssim2$ days), including the uncertainty from chromatic microlensing that may arise from stars in the lensing galaxy. The standardizable nature of SNe Ia allows us to estimate absolute magnifications for the four images, with images A and C being elevated in magnification compared to lens model predictions by about $6σ$ and $3σ$ respectively, confirming previous work. We show that millilensing or differential dust extinction is unable to explain these discrepancies and find evidence for the existence of microlensing in images A, C, and potentially D, that may contribute to the anomalous magnification.
description: published in ApJ, 13 pages, 7 figures
Pulsed magnetic field gradient on a tip for nanoscale imaging of spins
Creators: name: Schein-Lubomirsky, Leora
name: Mazor, Yarden
name: Stöhr, Rainer
name: Denisenko, Andrej
name: Finkler, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (nanoMRI) aims at obtaining structure at the single molecule level. Most of the techniques for effecting a nanoMRI gradient use small permanent magnets. Here, we present a switchable magnetic field gradient on a tip, which is designed to provide a local and controllable magnetic field with a high gradient on the nanometer scale. We incorporate the gradient field with a nanoscale magnetic resonance sensor, a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, to provide high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. The device is a metal microwire deposited along a quartz tip, with the current flowing along the tip inducing a magnetic field around its apex. This field can be manipulated throughout a measurement by controlling the current along the wire. We achieved gradients as high as 1 $\mathrmμ\text{T/nm}$ at fields weaker than 200 $\mathrmμ\text{T}$. Such a gradient can facilitate electron spin mapping with 1 nm resolution using single NV sensors, allowing for nanoscale imaging of electrons. The ability to switch the current on and off and to position the device with high precision overcomes limitations such as limited emitter contrast and the flexibility in sample preparation. Moreover, we show that proximity of the metallic tip to the sensor modifies the Rabi power in a spatially dependent manner, providing regions with enhanced ($\times$3.5) and decreased Rabi power. This spatial gradient, induced by the tip, offers the opportunity for selective pulses on nearby spin species where the same microwave power will result in different spin manipulation characteristics.
Immer Ärger mit Tibet
Creators: name: Weggel, Oskar
Publisher: name: China aktuell
Year: 2019

description: Im Fernen Westen des chinesischen Reiches hat es wieder einmal zu brodeln begonnen, und zwar an gleich zwei Stellen, nämlich in Xinjiang, wo es Anfang Februar 1997 in der Stadt Yining zur Demonstration von rund tausend Uighuren kam, darüber hinaus aber auch erneut im notorischen Unruheherd Tibet.
description: China aktuell, China aktuell - Januar 1997
Dynamical homogenization in effective loop quantum cosmology
Creators: name: Wilson-Ewing, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective dynamics of loop quantum gravity for marginally bound Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi spacetimes predict that the big-bang singularity is resolved and replaced by a cosmic bounce. Numerics show that these effective dynamics also homogenize small regions soon after the bounce when inhomogeneities before the bounce are sufficiently large. These homogeneous regions typically have a width of a few Planck lengths where relative perturbations in the energy density remain less than 15%. If the bounce is followed by an inflationary period, the homogeneous region can reach cosmic scales and the amplitude of relative perturbations can be suppressed to a value compatible with observations.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure. v2: Clarifications and references added
Theoretical Study of Reactivity Indices and Rough Potential Energy Curves for the Dissociation of 59 Fullerendiols in Gas-Phase and in Aqueous Solution with an Implicit Solvent Model
Creators: name: Etindele, Anne Justine
name: Ponra, Abraham
name: Casida, Mark E.
name: Cisneros, G. Andrés
name: Nochebuena, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Buckminsterfullerene, C$_{60}$, has not only a beautiful truncated icosahedral (soccerball) shape, but simple Hückel calculations predict a three-fold degenerate lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) which can accomodate up to six electrons making it a good electron acceptor. Experiments have confirmed that C60 is a radical sponge and it is now sold for use in topical cosmetics. Further medical uses require functionalization of C60 to make it soluble and one of the simplest functionalization is to make C60(OH)n fullerenols. A previous article [Adv. Quant. Chem. 8, 351 (2023)] studied reactivity indices for the successive addition of the $^\bullet$OH radical to ($^\bullet$)C$_{60}$(OH)$_n$ in gas phase. [($^\bullet$)C$_{60}$(OH)$_n$ is only a radical when n is an odd number.] This present article extends this previous work by examining various aspects of how the reaction, changes in aqueous solution. One obvious difference between C$_{60}$ and their various isomers of C$_{60}$(OH)$_2$ is the presence of a dipole. As fullerendiols are nearly spherical, their change in dipole moment in going from gas to aqueous phase may be estimated using back-of-the-envellope calculations with the Onsager model. The result is remarkably similar to what is obtained using density-functional theory (DFT) and the more sophisticated solvation model based upon the quantum mechanical density (SMD). Calculation of fullerendiol C-O bond energies and reactivity indices using with the SMD approach confirm that the general conclusions from the earlier work regarding gas-phase reactivity still hold in the aqueous phase.
Institutions and Incentives in Antitrust Enforcement
Creators: name: Waller, Spencer Weber
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2020

description: The United States Supreme Court has decided in a number of cases how Section One 1 of the Sherman Act should apply to agreements that potentially harm competition. In recent key cases, the Court stated that the rule of reason is the default rule in antitrust. Second, per se condemnation (or some rebuttable presumption) is reserved for a limited group of practices that economics and experience show that the type of agreement under consideration is inevitably destructive of competition with little or no redeeming features. Third, reasonable people can disagree about the likely competitive effects of a particular type of agreement. Therefore, lower courts going forward should apply the rule of reason on a case by case basis to determine whether there is any likelihood of competitive harm and any likelihood of significant procompetitive benefits. However, lower courts should structure and streamline their analysis by applying one or more rules of thumb. The Supreme Court followed this basic approach in Leegin, applying the rule of reason to resale price maintenance agreements (vertical price fixing), and in Actavis, applying the rule of reason to pay-for-delay agreements involving branded and generic pharmaceutical manufacturers. This essay explores where this strategy has been successful (Actavis) and where it has not (Leegin). I focus not on the substantive law but instead on the institutions and incentives in antitrust enforcement that ensure that the pronouncements of the law on the books by the Supreme Court get translated into the law in action in the lower courts and the real world.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 4 n. 1 (2020)
Spacetime symmetry indicators for two-dimensional Floquet topological insulators
Creators: name: Lu, Shuangyuan
name: Lu, Yuan-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Floquet Topological Insulators (FTIs) in two spatial dimensions can exhibit anomalous chiral edge modes despite a fully localized bulk, captured by a new topological invariant other than the Chern number. In this work, we focus on (2 + 1)D FTIs in symmetry class A with a spacetime symmetry known as n-fold time screw symmetry. We show that the bulk invariant can be partially determined by symmetry indicators associated with n = 2, 3, 4, 6 time screw symmetry, which only depend on the time evolution in high symmetry momenta. We derive simple formula that relates symmetry indicators to the bulk invariant, and demonstrate its validity in examples of FTI models. Our results can simplify the engineering of FTIs in real materials, and especially shed light on systems driven by circularly polarized light.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Mutual trust as a backbone of EU Antitrust Law
Creators: name: Kozak, Małgorzata
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2020

description: The article is an attempt to analyse to what extent a close cooperation between competition authorities belonging to the European Competition Network is based on the mutual trust principle. The fundamental importance of the principle of mutual trust was underscored in Opinion 2/13 on the Accession of the EU to the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), where the Court of Justice found that: “it should be noted that the principle of mutual trust between the Member States is of fundamental importance in EU law”. However, as it was emphasised by the CJEU. mutual trust does not amount to a blind trust, as it is illustrated in the case law of the CJEU in cases concerning the European Arrest Warrant. The CJEU imposes more and more obligations on executing Member States in verifying whether there are no irregularities issuing the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) in comparison to the early days of its functioning, leading towards a regulated or conditioned trust. This development mutatis mutandis is particularly interesting to analyse while referring to the functioning of cooperation of competition authorities within the EU. The research statement of this article is that based on the outcome of CJEU case law in cases concerning EAW such as e.g. Aranyosi and Căldăraru the trust in institutional cooperation such as provided by Regulation 1/2003 and Directive 2019/1 should not be blind so as not to allow the non-noticing of irregularities occurred in other Member States or before the European Commission. We will begin by framing what the concept of trust englobes and showing how it is normatively framed in EU law. Then, the analysis concentrates on where there are boundaries to mutual trust in the decentralised application of art. 101 and 102 TFEU. Subsequently, the questions of how this trust works in practice and what the boundaries are that limit its application are addressed. As the concept of mutual trust is complex itself, this article does not aim to propose detailed solutions de lege ferenda. Its ultimate objective is rather to provide a conceptual framework of de lege lata analysis of mutual trust in the application of EU competition law.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 4 n. 1 (2020)
Market Definition and Conditions to Ensure Competition in the European Market for Air Transport Services: An Analysis of Past and Upcoming Merger Cases
Creators: name: Peralta, Eugenio Olmedo
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2020

description: The Single European Sky and the Open Skies Agreements introduced a fierce competition both in the European and International Market for air transport. Former flag carriers found out that they didn’t just have to compete with other carriers, but also with new business models such as low-cost carriers and the use of the new information technologies to manage their business (for example, the use of Big Data and algorithms to determine the optimal prices and capacities of their flights). In order to survive in this competitive environment, air carriers need to adopt strategical and structural decisions to adapt their sizes and scopes to the new requirements of the market. Co-operation agreements, joint ventures and mergers play a significant role in this process. Carriers that are not able to adapt to the new market structure and requirements are compelled to disappear. The cases of Air Berlin or Germania are two good examples of this. In the last years, the European Commission has analyzed and cleared many concentrations and co-operation agreements in this sector, most of the times subject to conditions in order to ensure that the operation did not jeopardize competition neither raised entry barriers, especially in congested airports. These operations need to be considered not only taking into account the individual market players -the carriers-, but also considering the airline alliances in which they participate (mainly OneWorld, SkyTeam and Star Alliance). The problem has also to be addressed within the current debate about whether European competition rules should foster the creation of European champions, in this case, by facilitating the formation of big European carriers or alliances that may compete worldwide. In the last month the Spanish former flag carrier Iberia has announced the acquisition of AirEuropa, operation that raises concerns about competition in many national and international routes (mainly from Europe to Latin America and the Caribbean) as it may hinder the access to slots in the airport of Madrid-Barajas, that would become the fifth biggest hub in Europe. It is relevant to consider if the doctrine set by the European Commission up to now is still appropriate to address this operation.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 4 n. 1 (2020)
Picture scenarios: an extended scenario-based method for mobile appliance design
Creators: name: Pedell, Sonja
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper presents an extended scenario-based design method for the design of mobile appliances. This method builds on the results of two studies with designers in industry. Central to the method is the representation of dynamic use context, a core characteristic of mobile appliance use, with the use of picture scenarios. The initial use of this method in three design workshops is reported here, along with the feedback of the participants.
Deep Learning generated observations of galaxy clusters from dark-matter-only simulations
Creators: name: Caro, Andrés
name: de Andres, Daniel
name: Cui, Weiguang
name: Yepes, Gustavo
name: De Petris, Marco
name: Ferragamo, Antonio
name: Schiltz, Félicien
name: Nef, Amélie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrodynamical simulations play a fundamental role in modern cosmological research, serving as a crucial bridge between theoretical predictions and observational data. However, due to their computational intensity, these simulations are currently constrained to relatively small volumes. Therefore, this study investigates the feasibility of utilising dark matter-only simulations to generate observable maps of galaxy clusters using a deep learning approach based on the U-Net architecture. We focus on reconstructing Compton-y parameter maps (SZ maps) and bolometric X-ray surface brightness maps (X-ray maps) from total mass density maps. We leverage data from \textsc{The Three Hundred} simulations, selecting galaxy clusters ranging in mass from $10^{13.5} h^{-1}M_{\odot}\leq M_{200} \leq 10^{15.5} h^{-1}M_{\odot}$. Despite the machine learning models being independent of baryonic matter assumptions, a notable limitation is their dependency on the underlying physics of hydrodynamical simulations. To evaluate the reliability of our generated observable maps, we employ various metrics and compare the observable-mass scaling relations. For clusters with masses greater than $2 \times 10^{14} h^{-1} M_{\odot}$, the predictions show excellent agreement with the ground-truth datasets, with percentage errors averaging (0.5 $\pm$ 0.1)\% for the parameters of the scaling laws.
description: 16 pages, 13 Figures. Accepted in RASTI
Private Enforcement and Legal Privilege Versus Convergency
Creators: name: Falce, Valeria
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2020

description: Directive 2014/104/EU has been implemented also in Italy, thus reinforcing the effectiveness of competition law at national level too. Through a “two point” system, therefore public and private enforcement qualify today for complementary means towards the same end. Within such binary system, different issues and topics have been addressed so far by the academic community: from the binding nature of competition authorties decisions to the introduction of the powerful system of assumptions, to the alleviation of the burden of allegation, to the “passing on” rules, to the new role given to competition authorities in general, etc.. The provision devoted to the legal privilege covering the attorney-client communications, instead, has been almost neglected. In the following, the legal privilege will be analyzed in depth, since, thanks to the implementing provision, it will be able to acquire in Italy a renewed relevance in terms of both legal framework and scope of application.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 4 n. 1 (2020)