cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Crisis of emasculation and the restoration of patriarchy in the fiction of Chinese contemporary male writers Zhang Xianliang, Mo Yan and Jia Pingwa
Creators: name: Fang, Jincai
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation is about Chinese masculinity. It will raise the issue of Chinese masculinity as it became problematic in the mid-1980s, the first time in the twothousand- year history of Chinese literature, that problems such as male identity, sexuality, and masculinity were seriously formulated and discussed. This study adopts the methods of a feminist reading and a close reading to reexamine works of three well-known contemporary male writers: Zhang Xianliang, Mo Yan and Jia Pingwa in the ideological/cultural context of the resurgence of Confucian patriarchy during the mid- 1980s to the mid-1990s in China. I will provide a detailed and dynamic analysis of how the contemporary male enterprise of reconstructing masculinity heavily relies on women—either by programming women into the author's step-by-step process of reconstructing lost masculinity for the protagonist or by putting women back to their old place prescribed by Confucian patriarchy. By deepening our understanding of Chinese men and women historically, culturally, ideologically and psychologically, and by constructing a dialogue between the past and the present, this study attempts to demonstrate that ideal masculinity in China as defined two thousand years ago is still alive, and serves as a major paradigm of masculinity for modern Chinese intellectuals. The re-examinations of each of the three works will be structured around the following three topics: (1) the major source of men's feelings of powerlessness and feminization (2) the ideological framework from which their ideal concept of masculinity is reconstructed; and (3) how these frameworks establish their gendered position and affect their views and feelings toward women; and thus how they program women's roles into the construction or restoration of their masculinity. My research reveals a stable structure to authors' ideals of masculinity consisting of four constant elements: power is the key attribute in defining Chinese masculinity; hierarchy is the structure within which ideal masculinity is constructed and consolidated; the state, (including politics and nationalism), male intellectuals and women are three indispensable, intertwined dimensions within which male intellectuals maneuver to bargain for their masculinity; and the philosophical/ideological past is the inexhaustible source of inspiration and justification for restoring lost masculinity.
A family of triaxial modified Hubble mass models: effects of the additional radial functions
Creators: name: Das, Mousumi
name: Thakur, Parijat
name: Ann, H. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The projected properties of triaxial generalization of the modified Hubble mass models are studied. These models are constructed by adding the additional radial functions, each multiplied by a low-order spherical harmonic, to the models of \citet{ct00}. The projected surface density of mass models can be calculated analytically which allows us to derive the analytic expressions of axial ratio and position angles of major axis of constant density elliptical contours at asymptotic radii. The models are more general than those studied earlier in the sense that the inclusions of additional terms in density distribution, allows one to produce varieties of the radial profile of axial ratio and position angle, in particular, their small scale variations at inner radii. Strong correlations are found to exist between the observed axial ratio evaluated at $0.25 R_{e}$ and at $4 R_{e}$ which occupy well-separated regions in the parameter space for different choices of the intrinsic axial ratios. These correlations can be exploited to predict the intrinsic shape of the mass model, independent of the viewing angles. Using Bayesian statistics, the result of a test case launched for an estimation of the shape of a model galaxy is found to be satisfactory.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in New Astronomy
Additional file 7 of Developing a framework to inform scale-up success for population health interventions: a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature
Creators: name: Nguyen, Duyen Thi Kim
name: McLaren, Lindsay
name: Oelke, Nelly D.
name: McIntyre, Lynn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 7: Summary of the retained literature ( n = 77).
The Economic Returns to Membership of a Dairy Discussion Group: Evidence from the Irish National Farm Survey
Creators: name: Hennessy, Thia C.
name: Lapple, Doris
name: Newman, Carol F.
name: Hennessy, Thia C.
name: Lapple, Doris
name: Newman, Carol F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Endogenous switching regression model
subject: Discussion group membership
subject: Dairy Efficiency Programme

description: In December 2009 the Irish Department of Agriculture launched the Dairy Efficiency Programme. The Programme, which is operated through a series of discussion groups, is designed to promote technology transfer to dairy farmers. Drawing on National Farm Survey data from 2009, the purpose of this paper is to quantify the economic return to membership of dairy discussion groups. An endogenous switching regression model is specified for over 300 dairy farms to assess the impact of discussion group participation on farm gross margins. The results indicate self-selection into discussion groups, suggesting that „better‟ farmers tend to participate. Generally, younger farmers who operate larger farms are more likely to join discussion groups. Discussion group members have higher gross margins than non-members, but non-members could increase their gross margins if they join discussion groups. Overall, the findings confirm positive returns to discussion group membership, thus supporting the Dairy Efficiency Programme.
Two arguments that the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function are irrational. II
Creators: name: Wolf, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We extend the results of our previous computer experiment performed on the first 2600 nontrivial zeros $γ_l$ of the Riemann zeta function calculated with 1000 digits accuracy to the set of 40000 first zeros given with 40000 decimal digits accuracy. We calculated the geometrical means of the denominators of continued fractions expansions of these zeros and for all cases we get values very close to the Khinchin's constant, which suggests that $γ_l$ are irrational. Next we have calculated the $n$-th square roots of the denominators $Q_n$ of the convergents of the continued fractions obtaining values very close to the Khinchin---L{é}vy constant, again supporting the common opinion that $γ_l$ are irrational.
description: 7 Figures
On‐Farm and Off‐Farm Returns to Education among Farm Operators in Northern Ireland
Creators: name: Wallace, Michael T.
name: Jack, Claire G.
name: Wallace, Michael T.
name: Jack, Claire G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Human Capital
subject: Time Allocation and Labor Supply
subject: Agricultural Labor Markets
subject: Wage Level

description: This paper estimates returns to education for a sample of farm operators in Northern Ireland. The analysis examines the relationship between education and on-farm and off-farm labour incomes. Human capital earnings functions are estimated to identify the marginal return to education measured as years of schooling as well as the qualification level attained. Extending to a structural model, the methodology controls for the endogeneity of education in the earnings function and potential selection bias associated with off-farm labour market participation. In off-farm employment, the analysis shows that returns to education are of the order of between 6% and 9% for each additional year of schooling. However, on-farm earnings were not found to be significantly related to years of education, although the analysis does identify a significant on-farm return to an agricultural qualification
Saturation and forward jets at HERA
Creators: name: Marquet, C.
name: Peschanski, R.
name: Royon, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse forward-jet production at HERA in the framework of the Golec-Biernat and Wusthoff saturation models. We obtain a good description of the forward jet cross sections measured by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations in the two-hard-scale region kT ~ Q >> Lambda_QCD with two different parametrisations with either significant or weak saturation effects. The weak saturation parametrization gives a scale compatible with the one found for the proton structure function F_2. We argue that Mueller-Navelet jets at the Tevatron and the LHC could help distinguishing between both options.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, version to be published in PLB
Using Cosmic Rays detected by HST as Geophysical Markers I: Detection and Characterization of Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Miles, Nathan
name: Deustua, Susana E.
name: Tancredi, Gonzalo
name: Schnyder, German
name: Nesmachnow, Sergio
name: Cromwell, Geoffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has been operational for over 30 years and throughout that time it has been bombarded by high energy charged particles colloquially referred to as cosmic rays. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of more than 1.2 billion cosmic rays observed with HST using a custom written python package, \texttt{HSTcosmicrays}, that is available to the astronomical community. We analyzed $75,908$ dark calibration files taken as part of routine calibration programs for five different CCD imagers with operational coverage of Solar Cycle 23 and 24. We observe the expected modulation of galactic cosmic rays by solar activity. We model the observed energy-loss distributions to derive an estimate of 534 $\pm$ 117 MeV for the kinetic energy of the typical cosmic ray impacting HST. For the three imagers with the largest non-uniformity in thickness, we independently confirm the overall structure produced by fringing analyses by analyzing cosmic ray strikes across the detector field of view. We analyze STIS/CCD observations taken as HST crosses over the South Atlantic Anomaly and find a peak cosmic-ray particle flux of $\sim1100$ $particle/s/cm^2$. We find strong evidence for two spatially confined regions over North America and Australia that exhibit increased cosmic-ray particle fluxes at the $5σ$ level.
description: 48 pages, 30 figures, submitted to ApJ
HEALTHIER EATING AND RISING OBESITY IN THE UK: EXPLAINING THE PARADOX
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Chittur S.
name: Srinivasan, Chittur S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Obesity incidence
subject: adherence to dietary guidelines
subject: impact assessment

description: Promotion of healthier eating choices and adherence to recommended dietary norms are important elements of the UK Government’s food strategy to combat the rising incidence of obesity. This paper explores the paradox of rising incidence of obesity over the last two decades even as consumers have moved towards healthier dietary choices. We analyse data from the UK’s National Diet and Nutrition Surveys over this period using quantile regression and counterfactual decompositions to identify the main elements underlying this paradox. We find that adherence to individual dietary norms in isolation has only very modest impacts on the obesity profile of the population. Efforts to promote compliance with some of the norms may have the unintended consequence of increasing excessive calorie consumption, leading to increased obesity. The effects of improved adherence to dietary norms may be offset by the changes in the impact of adherence to norms on excessive energy intake. Our results suggest that nutrition and policy and interventions need to focus on the simultaneous compliance with a range of dietary norms to have a significant impact on the incidence of obesity.
Consumer, Manufacturer and Retailer Responses to Health Price Policies: the example of EU Sugar Price Reform on the Soft Drink Market
Creators: name: Bonnet, Céline
name: Requillart, Vincent
name: Bonnet, Céline
name: Requillart, Vincent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: vertical contracts
subject: two part tariffs
subject: competition
subject: manufacturers
subject: private labels
subject: retailers
subject: differentiated products
subject: soft drinks
subject: non nested tests
subject: sugar CMO
subject: passthrough

description: Healthier food diet is likely to prevent numerous non communicable diseases. Then there is a growing interest in evaluating the impact of food price taxation on food consumption. However, strategic reactions of both manufacturers and retailers are missing in empirical analyses. Rather, passive pricing is assumed. Ignoring strategic pricing might lead to under-estimate or over-estimate the impact of food taxation. Based on the example of the soft drink industry, we analyse the bias which is introduced when assuming passive pricing. Using structural econometric model, we first estimate models of vertical relationships between the beverage industry and the retail industry. After selecting the ’best’ model of vertical relationships, we then simulate different scenrios of input cost changes or final products taxation. Our results indicate that assuming passive pricing by firms leads to under-estimate the impact on food consumption. In our example, the under-estimation amounts to 15% for regular products and 50% for diet ones when contracts between manufacturers and retailers are not taken into account. We thus conclude that for empirical analysis of food price policies for better health, considering strategic pricing is a key issue.
Kahler corrections and softly broken family symmetries
Creators: name: King, Steve F.
name: Peddie, Iain N. R.
name: Ross, Graham G.
name: Velasco-Sevilla, Liliana
name: Vives, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneously broken family symmetry provides a promising origin for the observed quark and lepton mass and mixing angle structure. In a supersymmetric theory such structure comes from a combination of the contributions from the superpotential and the Kähler potential. The superpotential effects have been widely studied but relatively little attention has been given to the effects of the Kähler sector. In this paper we develop techniques to simplify the analysis of such Kähler effects. Using them we show that in the class of theories with an hierarchical structure for the Yukawa couplings the Kähler corrections to both the masses and mixing angles are subdominant. This is true even in cases that texture zeros are filled in by the terms coming from the Kähler potential.
description: 15 pages, no figure. Minor typos corrected, improved presentation, several references added. Final version to be published in JHEP
Hydrodynamic gradient expansion in linear response theory
Creators: name: Heller, Michal P.
name: Serantes, Alexandre
name: Spaliński, Michał
name: Svensson, Viktor
name: Withers, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A foundational question in relativistic fluid mechanics concerns the properties of the hydrodynamic gradient expansion at large orders. We establish the precise conditions under which this gradient expansion diverges for a broad class of microscopic theories admitting a relativistic hydrodynamic limit, in the linear regime. Our result does not rely on highly symmetric fluid flows utilized by previous studies of heavy-ion collisions and cosmology. The hydrodynamic gradient expansion diverges whenever energy density or velocity fields have support in momentum space exceeding a critical momentum, and converges otherwise. This critical momentum is an intrinsic property of the microscopic theory and is set by branch point singularities of hydrodynamic dispersion relations.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; v2: results unchanged, reorganized and expanded presentation with new figures and new appendix on purely temporal gradient expansion, matches published version
Supply response on the Hungarian pork meat sector
Creators: name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Markus, Richard
name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Markus, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: error correction model
subject: supply response
subject: pork sector
subject: Hungary

description: Despite of the increasing production and consumption of white meats, pig breeding is still one of the most important animal husbandry sectors Worldwide and in the European Union as well. In Hungary over the past decades, the pig sector has undergone significant changes. The livestock has sharply decreased from more than 8.5 million in 1989 to 3.3 million in present. After the post 1989 increase of herd size bred in family farms, their share diminished, at present two-thirds of output is produced by corporate farms. It appears that small scale farming has major difficulties, they must consider all cost reducing alternatives to improve their competitiveness. With pressure on purchase prices from the downstream market levels, and considering that fodder represents about 50-60% within total production costs, in this paper we analyse the influence of these two factors upon pig breeding farmers’ supply response. We employ Vector Error Correction Model specification, following the theoretical model of Hallam and Zanoli, 1993. Estimated long-run elasticities highlight farmers’ reliance on live pigs for slaughter purchase price and soya fodder price.
Additional file 2 of Attitudes and perceptions about breastfeeding among female and male informal workers in India and South Africa
Creators: name: Horwood, C.
name: A. Surie
name: L. Haskins
name: S. Luthuli
name: R. Hinton
name: A. Chowdhury
name: N. Rollins
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2: Focus group discussion guide for male informal workers.
The Meaning of Tradition in the Modern World: Village Representatives in Poland – Institution in Transition
Creators: name: Matysiak, Ilona
name: Matysiak, Ilona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: village representatives
subject: rural changes
subject: the role of tradition

description: The main aim of this paper is to discuss the current situation of village representatives (soltysi) in Poland in the times of dynamic changes taking place in the Polish countryside in the last decades. The importance of the institution of village representatives manifest itself in two main dimensions. Firstly, it is supported by the power of tradition – village representatives are deeply rooted in the historical evolution of rural self-government in Poland. Secondly, this institution is a part of the current system of local democracy. Secondly, this institution is a part of the current system of local democracy. Due to the pressure to implement the bottom-up models of governance, the full potential of this institution should be realized and discussed. This discussion is based on the small-scale quantitative data from the surveys conducted among the village representatives and also the inhabitants, which gives the opportunity to confront both perspectives. It occurs, that, in the changing reality, the institution of village representative should be supported with more than just the forces of tradition.
Changing governance in the EU milk supply chain
Creators: name: Krol, Noortje
name: Polman, Nico B.P.
name: Peerlings, Jack H.M.
name: Nikolov, Dimitre
name: Krol, Noortje
name: Polman, Nico B.P.
name: Peerlings, Jack H.M.
name: Nikolov, Dimitre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Agricultural Markets
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Governance and Cooperatives

description: With the 2008 EU’s CAP reform the governance of the EU’s dairy sector changes. This paper focuses on governance structures between dairy farms and milk processors. To get insight in regional differences within the EU, a literature research and interviews are conducted in three case study areas, namely: the Netherlands, Bulgaria and France. Results show that in these countries both farmers and processors have incentives to form hybrid governance structures with a higher level of control compared to the current structures. Most dairy cooperatives have no additional advantage in managing milk quality and milk supply compared to investor owned firms. Chain integration could go a step further in Bulgaria compared to the Netherlands and France given the institutional environment that is not expected to guarantee milk quality and the focus on the export of milk.
WARP: a WIMP double phase Argon detector
Creators: name: Brunetti, R.
name: Calligarich, E.
name: Cambiaghi, M.
name: Carbonara, F.
name: Cavanna, F.
name: Cocco, A.
name: De Vecchi, C.
name: Dolfini, R.
name: Ereditato, A.
name: Ferrari, N.
name: Fiorillo, G.
name: Grandi, L.
name: Mangano, G.
name: Menegolli, A.
name: Montanari, C.
name: Palamara, O.
name: Prata, M.
name: Rappoldi, A.
name: Raselli, G. L.
name: Roncadelli, M.
name: Rossella, M.
name: Rubbia, C.
name: Santorelli, R.
name: Vignoli, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The WARP programme for dark matter search with a double phase argon detector is presented. In such a detector both excitation and ionization produced by an impinging particle are evaluated by the contemporary measurement of primary scintillation and secondary (proportional) light signal, this latter being produced by extracting and accelerating ionization electrons in the gas phase. The proposed technique, verified on a 2.3 liters prototype, could be used to efficiently discriminate nuclear recoils, induced by WIMP's interactions, and measure their energy spectrum. An overview of the 2.3 liters results and of the proposed 100 liters detector is shown.
description: Proceeding for IDM2004
Institutional Change and Collective Action: The Case of Reclamation Systems in Northwest Poland
Creators: name: Schleyer, Christian
name: Schleyer, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Collective action
subject: institutional change
subject: reclamation systems

description: This paper examines two drastic changes in the performance of local water associations in providing local public goods – appropriate levels of water table – in the reclamation system in the Powiat Pyrzyce in the Voivodship Zachodniopomorski in northwest Poland. Employing an institutional economics approach shows the results of processes of revalorisation of the interrelated property objects land and reclamation infrastructure that have been triggered and shaped not only by the drastic political, economic and administrative changes after the breakdown of the socialist regime in Poland in 1990, but also by the prospect of joining the European Union and the proactive leadership of the director of the Powiat Department of Environmental Protection, Forestry and Agriculture. More precisely, both processes – the discontinuation (from 1990 onwards) and revival (from 2002 onwards) of the local water associations – were mainly determined by changing market conditions together with variances in the ability of state authorities to effectively control and facilitate these associations. Further, the delay in overcoming the period of collective inaction was fostered by the time-delayed and cumulative effects of neglecting the cleaning and the maintenance of secondary ditches.
Additional file 4 of The effect of physical activity on cognition relative to APOE genotype (PAAD-2): study protocol for a phase II randomized control trial
Creators: name: Park, Kyoung Shin
name: Ganesh, Alexis B.
name: Berry, Nathaniel T.
name: Yashonda P. Mobley
name: Karper, William B.
name: Labban, Jeffrey D.
name: Wahlheim, Christopher N.
name: Williams, Tomika M.
name: Wideman, Laurie
name: Etnier, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. PAAD-2 Data Sharing Plan
Beyond MeSH: Fine-Grained Semantic Indexing of Biomedical Literature based on Weak Supervision
Creators: name: Nentidis, Anastasios
name: Krithara, Anastasia
name: Tsoumakas, Grigorios
name: Paliouras, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we propose a method for the automated refinement of subject annotations in biomedical literature at the level of concepts. Semantic indexing and search of biomedical articles in MEDLINE/PubMed are based on semantic subject annotations with MeSH descriptors that may correspond to several related but distinct biomedical concepts. Such semantic annotations do not adhere to the level of detail available in the domain knowledge and may not be sufficient to fulfil the information needs of experts in the domain. To this end, we propose a new method that uses weak supervision to train a concept annotator on the literature available for a particular disease. We test this method on the MeSH descriptors for two diseases: Alzheimer's Disease and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. The results indicate that concept-occurrence is a strong heuristic for automated subject annotation refinement and its use as weak supervision can lead to improved concept-level annotations. The fine-grained semantic annotations can enable more precise literature retrieval, sustain the semantic integration of subject annotations with other domain resources and ease the maintenance of consistent subject annotations, as new more detailed entries are added in the MeSH thesaurus over time.
description: 36 pages, 8 figures; Dictionary-based baselines added and conclusions updated
Is the Facilitation of Sustainable Market Access Achievable? Design and Implementation Lessons from Armenia
Creators: name: Gow, Hamish R.
name: Shanoyan, Aleksan
name: Gow, Hamish R.
name: Shanoyan, Aleksan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Market Linkages
subject: Small Farmers
subject: Institutions
subject: Governance
subject: Enforcement
subject: Armenia

description: Over the past three decades the globalization in agri-food sector has been accompanied by a dramatic restructuring, liberalization and privatization of markets often with serious adverse consequences for small farmers in developing and transition countries. Consequently, governments and the international donor community have markedly shifted their development policies from traditional technology transfer approaches towards more market-driven approaches of linking farmers to markets. The international agricultural development literature has begun exploring the appropriate structure of third-party facilitated institutions and enforcement mechanisms to support linking small farmers to markets. Based upon a series of long-term qualitative and quantitative analyses of the instrumental case of USDA Marketing Assistance Project in Armenia, we use a grounded theory approach to develop a dual strategic model for the establishment of sustainable third party facilitated market linkages between producers and processors. Our results and model indicate that if donors pursue a dual strategy of concurrent facilitation of private enforcement on the processing level and institutional arrangement on the producer level in the design and implementation of third-party market linkage programs, they are likely to achieve higher program impact, improved trust among channel participants, and long-run economic sustainability of market linkages.
Archbishop Desmond Tutu, a Moral Giant. Text of a podcast.
Creators: name: Stockton, Ronald R.
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nadine Gordimer, July's People. Nelson Mandela, Winnie Mandela, Israel, Jewish Lobby, Anti-Semitism, Episcopal Church, Rainbow Nation, Saddam Hussein, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Country of my Skull, National Party, Gustavo Gutierrez, Divest, Ronald Reagan, Sanctions.
subject: Social Sciences
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Text of a podcast reflecting on the life of Archbishop Desmond Tutu.
description: This is a reflection on the life and significance of Archbishop Desmond Tutu on the day after his death. It is the text of a podcast (Stocktonafterclass).
How large could the R-parity violating couplings be?
Creators: name: Perez, Pavel Fileviez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate in detail the predictions coming from the d=4 operators for proton decay. We find the most general constraints for the R-parity violating couplings coming from proton decay, taking into account all fermion mixing and in different supersymmetric scenarios.
description: 8 pages, several corrections, to appear in J.Phys.G (2005)
Ratchet-like dynamics of fluxons in annular Josephson junctions driven by bi-harmonic microwave fields
Creators: name: Ustinov, A. V.
name: Coqui, C.
name: Kemp, A.
name: Zolotaryuk, Y.
name: Salerno, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental observation of the unidirectional motion of a topological soliton driven by a bi-harmonic ac force of zero mean is reported. The observation is made by measuring the current-voltage characteristics for a fluxon trapped in an annular Josephson junction that was placed into a microwave field. The measured dependence of the fluxon mean velocity (rectified voltage) at zero dc bias versus the phase shift between the first and second harmonic of the driving force is in qualitative agreement with theoretical expectations.
description: 6 figures
Testing Mass Varying Neutrino With Short Gamma Ray Burst
Creators: name: Li, Hong
name: Dai, Zigao
name: Zhang, Xinmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the possibility of probing for the absolute neutrino mass and its variation with short Gamma Ray Burst (GRB). We have calculated the flight time difference between a massive neutrino and a photon in two different approaches to mass varying neutrinos. Firstly we parametrize the neutrino mass as a function of redshift in a model independent way, then we consider two specific models where the neutrino mass varies during the evolution of the Quintessence fields. Our calculations show in general the value of the time delay is changed substantially relative to a constant neutrino mass. Furthermore our numerical results show that the flight time delay in these models is expected to be larger than the duration time of the short GRB, which opens a possibility of testing the scenario of mass varying neutrino with the short GRB.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures Revtex4
Hierarchically Organized Latent Modules for Exploratory Search in Morphogenetic Systems
Creators: name: Etcheverry, Mayalen
name: Moulin-Frier, Clement
name: Oudeyer, Pierre-Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-organization of complex morphological patterns from local interactions is a fascinating phenomenon in many natural and artificial systems. In the artificial world, typical examples of such morphogenetic systems are cellular automata. Yet, their mechanisms are often very hard to grasp and so far scientific discoveries of novel patterns have primarily been relying on manual tuning and ad hoc exploratory search. The problem of automated diversity-driven discovery in these systems was recently introduced [26, 62], highlighting that two key ingredients are autonomous exploration and unsupervised representation learning to describe "relevant" degrees of variations in the patterns. In this paper, we motivate the need for what we call Meta-diversity search, arguing that there is not a unique ground truth interesting diversity as it strongly depends on the final observer and its motives. Using a continuous game-of-life system for experiments, we provide empirical evidences that relying on monolithic architectures for the behavioral embedding design tends to bias the final discoveries (both for hand-defined and unsupervisedly-learned features) which are unlikely to be aligned with the interest of a final end-user. To address these issues, we introduce a novel dynamic and modular architecture that enables unsupervised learning of a hierarchy of diverse representations. Combined with intrinsically motivated goal exploration algorithms, we show that this system forms a discovery assistant that can efficiently adapt its diversity search towards preferences of a user using only a very small amount of user feedback.
The discovery of a type-II quasar at z = 1.65 with integral-field spectroscopy
Creators: name: Jarvis, Matt J.
name: van Breukelen, Caroline
name: Wilman, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we report the serendipitous discovery of a genuine type-II quasar at z = 1.65 using integral-field data from VIMOS on the VLT. This is the first discovery of a type-II quasar at z > 1 from optical data alone. J094531-242831, hereafter J0945-2428, exhibits strong narrow (v < 1500km/s) emission lines, has a resolved host galaxy, and is undetected to a radio flux-density limit of S_{5GHz} = 0.15 mJy (3 sigma). All of these lead us to believe that J0945-2428 is a bona fide type-II quasar. The luminosity of the narrow-emission lines in this object suggest that the intrinsic power of the central engine is similar to that found in powerful radio galaxies, indicative of similarly large supermassive black hole of ~3 x 10^8 M_solar (assuming that it is accreting at its Eddington limit). However, from near-infrared imaging observations we find that the old stellar population in the host galaxy has a luminosity of ~0.2 L*, mildly inconsistent with the correlation between black-hole mass and bulge luminosity found locally, although the uncertainty in the black-hole mass estimate is large. This discovery highlights the power that integral-field units have in discovering hidden populations of objects, particularly the sought after type-II quasars which are invoked to explain the hard X-ray background. As such, future large integral-field surveys could open up a new window on the obscured accretion activity in the Universe.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 3 of The effect of physical activity on cognition relative to APOE genotype (PAAD-2): study protocol for a phase II randomized control trial
Creators: name: Park, Kyoung Shin
name: Ganesh, Alexis B.
name: Berry, Nathaniel T.
name: Yashonda P. Mobley
name: Karper, William B.
name: Labban, Jeffrey D.
name: Wahlheim, Christopher N.
name: Williams, Tomika M.
name: Wideman, Laurie
name: Etnier, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. PAAD-2 Data Safety Monitoring Plan
What Can Laboratory Experiments Teach Us About Emissions Permit Market Design?
Creators: name: Cason, Timothy N.
name: Cason, Timothy N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: cap-and-trade
subject: auctions
subject: liability
subject: regulation
subject: compliance
subject: banking

description: The laboratory provides a test bed to inform many design choices for emissions permit markets. Experiments are sometimes strongly motivated and structured by specific theoretical models and predictions, but in other cases the experiment itself can be the model of the market and regulatory environment. We review specific experimental applications that address design issues for permit auction rules, permit expiration dates and banking, liability rules, and regulatory enforcement.
The Differential Lifetimes of Protostellar Gas and Dust Disks
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Taku
name: Clarke, C. J.
name: Lin, D. N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a protostellar disk model that takes into account the combined effect of viscous evolution, photoevaporation and the differential radial motion of dust grains and gas. For T Tauri disks, the lifetimes of dust disks that are mainly composed of millimeter sized grains are always shorter than the gas disks' lifetimes, and become similar only when the grains are fluffy (density < 0.1 g cm^{-3}). If grain growth during the classical T Tauri phase produces plenty of millimeter sized grains, such grains completely accrete onto the star in 10^7 yr, before photoevaporation begins to drain the inner gas disk and the star evolves to the weak line T Tauri phase. In the weak line phase, only dust-poor gas disks remain at large radii (> 10 AU), without strong signs of gas accretion nor of millimeter thermal emission from the dust. For Herbig AeBe stars, the strong photoevaporation clears the inner disks in 10^6 yr, before the dust grains in the outer disk migrate to the inner region. In this case, the grains left behind in the outer gas disk accumulate at the disk inner edge (at 10-100 AU from the star). The dust grains remain there even after the entire gas disk has been photoevaporated, and form a gas-poor dust ring similar to that observed around HR 4796A. Hence, depending on the strength of the stellar ionizing flux, our model predicts opposite types of products around young stars. For low mass stars with a low photoevaporation rate, dust-poor gas disks with an inner hole would form, whereas for high mass stars with a high photoevaporation rate, gas-poor dust rings would form. This prediction should be examined by observations of gas and dust around weak line T Tauri stars and evolved Herbig AeBe stars.
description: Accepted by ApJ, 11 pages, 4 figures
Genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Wallace, Alison Meghan Rose
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The worldwide increase in cigarette smoking means that COPD is becoming an even greater health problem and will have an astounding impact on health care costs and services. COPD is often thought of as a self-inflicted disease, however, not all people who smoke develop COPD, and not all patients with COPD are smokers. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and not fully understood. There is an urgent need to improve present drug therapy. The identification of genetic risk factors for COPD will help elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the disease process and aid in the development of therapeutic regimens that can be tailored on an individual basis. I conducted population-based association studies to see whether alpha- and betadefensins, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and tissue-type plasminogen activator polymorphisms influenced smokers' susceptibility to lung function decline in a relatively large population of outbred Caucasian individuals. I failed to find associations between polymorphisms in these four genes with rate of decline in lung function in smokers. In addition, I studied patients undergoing surgical resection for lung carcinoma in order to determine whether promoter polymorphisms in five proteinases produced by alveolar macrophages were related to alveolar macrophage mRNA expression and the development of emphysema. Furthermore, I wanted to determine whether mRNA expression of these five proteinases was related to emphysema. I found that the matrix metalloproteinase 9 C-to-T single nucleotide polymorphism (-1562C→T) significantly influenced matrix metalloproteinase 9 mRNA expression in alveolar macrophages. Matrix metalloproteinase 1 and cathepsin L expression levels in uncultured alveolar macrophages were significantly related to emphysema, and a matrix metalloproteinase 9 CA repeat was significantly related to a qualitative measure of emphysema. Matrix metalloproteinase 1, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and cathepsin L represent interesting biomarkers of COPD and their study may help in the development of therapeutic interventions that are individually tailored to patients needs.
Additional file 6 of Developing a framework to inform scale-up success for population health interventions: a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature
Creators: name: Nguyen, Duyen Thi Kim
name: McLaren, Lindsay
name: Oelke, Nelly D.
name: McIntyre, Lynn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 6: References of the retained literature. Abibliographical list of all literature retained for the critical interpretive synthesis.
Magnetic tunneling junctions with the Heusler compound Co_2Cr_{0.6}Fe_{0.4}Al
Creators: name: Conca, A.
name: Falk, S.
name: Jakob, G.
name: Jourdan, M.
name: Adrian, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Heusler alloy is used as an electrode of magnetic tunneling junctions. The junctions are deposited by magnetron dc sputtering using shadow mask techniques with AlO_{x} as a barrier and cobalt as counter electrode. Measurements of the magnetoresistive differential conductivity in a temperature range between 4K and 300K are shown. An analysis of the barrier properties applying the Simmons model to the bias dependent junction conductivity is performed. VSM measurements were carried out to examine the magnetic properties of the samples.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures submitted to JMMM (proceedings of JEMS04)
A Performance Analysis of the Supply of Public Goods in Rural Communities Based on the System Implementation Costs - Taking Chongren county Bailu village, Taihe County Yongchang village as examples
Creators: name: Zheng, Shuang-Sheng
name: Zheng, Shuang-Sheng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: public goods
subject: village community association
subject: system implementation costs
subject: sustainable development
subject: China

description: Based on the survey of Chongren county Bailu village, Taihe county Yongchang village and by focusing on the system implementation costs, the public goods is divided into tangible products and intangible products these 2 parts to carry out a perfomance analysis of the supply of public goods in rural communities. It points out that in both the well-acquainted and rare-acquainted communities in rural areas there are some long-existing informal systems, such as religions. Because of their born nature, the system implementation costs are relatively lower. However, the implementation costs of the embedded foreign systems are relatively higher because of their weaker lasting features and the rare social basis. Therefore, proposing putting the efficient supply of public goods in rural communities into practice, there exist not only a need of enhancing the internal organization and coordination of the formal systems, but also paying attention to the correspondence and harmony existing between the formal and the informal systems, making good use of the informal ones. At the same time, the self-organization of the rural areas should be strengthened, their culture characteristics advocated, the continuities in drafting rural policies honored to realize the sustainable development of the rural communities.
The Competition between Staggered Field and Antiferromagnetic Interactions in Cugeo3:Fe
Creators: name: Demishev, S. V
name: Semeno, A. V.
name: Pronin, A. A.
name: Sluchanko, N. E.
name: Samarin, N. A.
name: Ohta, H.
name: Okubo, S.
name: Kimata, M.
name: Koyama, K.
name: Motokawa, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The EPR spectra along different crystallographic axes for single crystals of CuGeO3 containing 1% of Fe impurity have been studied in the frequency range 60-360 GHz at temperatures 0.5-30 K. The analysis based on the Oshikawa-Affleck (OA) theory suggests that the temperature dependences of the line width and g-factor are formed as a result of the competition between interchain antiferromagnetic interactions and staggered Zeeman energy. It is found that staggered magnetic moments in CuGeO3:Fe are located predominantly along b axis.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures; submitted to QSS04 symposium