cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Adult use of cigars, little cigars, and cigarillos in Cuyahoga County, Ohio: A cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Trapl, Erika S.
name: Shaw, Nichelle
name: Przepyszny, Kathryn A.
name: Danosky, Laura
name: Borawski, Elaine A.
name: Brooks, Ashley
name: Colabianchi, Natalie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: INTRODUCTION: Adult use of cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars has increased over the past two decades; however, little is known about the characteristics of the users.

METHODS: The data were derived from 5 years (2003-2007) of the Cuyahoga County Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, a random digit-dialed telephone survey conducted by ICF Macro International, based on the survey and methods of the Ohio BRFSS.

RESULTS: Results indicate that the prevalence of current cigarette smoking across the 5 years was 23.1%. Cigar use and little cigar use were reported by 4.3% and 3.3% of respondents, respectively. Compared with cigarette users, cigar and little cigar users were far more likely to report multiple product use (12.8% vs. 63.9% and 80.5%, respectively). Cigar and little cigar users differed from cigarette smokers in demographic profile and patterns of multiple product use.

DISCUSSION: Black and lower income adults were significantly more likely to report use of little cigars and use of multiple products. These disparities potentially contribute to the disproportionate rates of tobacco-related illnesses and underrepresentation of low-income and minority populations in tobacco use prevalence rates.
Figure S1 from Marginal sinks or potential refuges? Costs and benefits for coral-obligate reef fishes at deep range margins
Creators: name: Chancey MacDonald
name: Jones, Geoffrey P.
name: Bridge, Tom
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Density of total-coral and Acropora coral resources within the focal reef (dark grey), and bay wide (light grey), within Kimbe bay, PNG.
(400120) Nellie Isabel Blain
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A GPT-enhanced framework on knowledge extraction and reuse for geographic analysis models in Google Earth Engine
Creators: name: Liang, Jianyuan
name: Zhao, Anqi
name: Hou, Shuyang
name: Jin, Fengying
name: Wu, Huayi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Geographic analysis models are becoming increasingly important in the era of geospatial big data. As a cloud platform that combines massive geospatial data resources with powerful computational capabilities, the Google Earth Engine (GEE) gathers a large number of workflow scripts for different geographic analysis tasks and gradually evolves into a comprehensive knowledge repository. However, due to the complexity nature of GEE workflow scripts, extracting modeling knowledge from these GEE workflow scripts remains a challenge. Besides, these GEE workflow scripts are often tightly coupled with the GEE environment, which limits their reuse in the broader geospatial community. To address these issues, this paper proposes a GEE knowledge extraction and reuse framework, which uncovers factual meta-information and modeling processes embedded within the GEE workflow script by leveraging ChatGPT and the abstract syntax tree (AST). A GEE knowledge encapsulation template is developed to systematically describe this modeling knowledge. Through case studies, we demonstrate that this framework can be integrated with existing geospatial service technologies, simplify the extraction of modeling knowledge from GEE workflow scripts, and enhance their application in different modeling environments. Moreover, by incorporating ChatGPT, this framework exhibits the potential for intelligent generation of geographic analysis models.
(400121) Louisa Emily Blain
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Digital Leadership - Bahnbrechendes Führungskonzept oder Buzzword ohne Mehrwert?
Creators: name: Kapsalis, Joana
name: Adam, Patricia A.
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 650 Management

description: In zahlreichen Fachbüchern wird „Digital Leadership“ zur Unterstützung der digitalen Transformation propagiert. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes wurden die hierin vertretenen Führungsansätze mit aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen abgeglichen. Fazit: Die Bücher stellen durchgängig altbewährte Führungskonzepte vor - neuere wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse enthalten sie kaum.
description: Management; 8
Supplementary information from Function of small GTPases in Dictyostelium macropinocytosis.
Creators: name: Williams, Thomas D.
name: Paschke, Peggy I.
name: Kay, Robert R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

description: Dictyostelium strains and plasmids
Complexity of Measuring "Cigar Use" in Adolescents: Results From a Split Sample Experiment
Creators: name: Trapl, Erika S.
name: Brooks-Russell, Ashley
name: Cofie, Leslie
name: Danosky, Laura
name: Terchek, Joshua J.
name: Frank, Scott H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: INTRODUCTION: Inclusion of brand-specific examples (BE) in health surveys assessing lifetime and current cigar use has been shown to impact response rates. A split sample experimental design was used to investigate whether these rates are consistent by race, gender, and geographic locale.

METHODS: The 2009 Cuyahoga County Youth Risk Behavior Survey was conducted among 20 randomly selected high schools. Two versions of the survey were created; the first included items assessing lifetime and current cigar use with no brand-specific examples (NBE) while the second included BE in the items assessing cigar use. Both survey versions were distributed randomly within selected classrooms in participating schools.

RESULTS: Within the City, both White and Black BE respondents reported higher lifetime cigar product use prevalence and current cigar product use compared to the NBE group; however, the difference was only significant among Black respondents (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% CI 1.02-2.06). In the Outer Ring, White BE respondents were significantly less likely to report lifetime cigar use (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54 - 0.98) and current cigar use (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44-0.99) when compared with White NBE respondents.

CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of BE in current measures of cigar product use may improve product use estimates in at-risk groups. However, better estimation of cigar product use may be accomplished by creating additional items to assess the use of subtypes of cigars.
Smoking Patterns in Cancer Survivors
Creators: name: Mayer, Deborah K.
name: Carlson, John
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: More than 11 million cancer survivors are at risk for new cancers, yet many are receiving inadequate guidance to reduce their risk. This study describes smoking trends among a group of cancer survivors (CaSurvivors) compared with a no cancer (NoCancer) control group.
(400122) Janet Elizabeth Blanche Blain
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Some remarks on uniform boundary Harnack Principles
Creators: name: Barlow, Martin T.
name: Karli, Deniz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove two versions of a boundary Harnack principle in which the constants do not depend on the domain.
description: This second version include some improvements on the proofs and illustrations to clarify some steps
(400123) George Alfred Blain
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary information from Function of small GTPases in Dictyostelium macropinocytosis
Creators: name: Williams, Thomas D.
name: Paschke, Peggy I.
name: Kay, Robert R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

description: Dictyostelium strains and plasmids
Initial Reactions to Tobacco Use and Risk of Future Regular Use
Creators: name: Shuman, Michelle R.
name: Zabor, Emily Craig
name: Li, Yuelin
name: Pedersen, Nancy L.
name: Furberg, Helena
name: Lichtenstein, Paul
name: Bulik, Cynthia M.
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
name: Thornton, Laura M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Introduction: Studies suggest that initial smoking pleasure influences future smoking behavior. We investigated how initial reactions to cigarettes or Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) were associated with future use among 10,708 adults from the Swedish Twin Registry.
Supplementary content to Denk et al.: A subgeneric classification of Fagus (Fagaceae) and revised taxonomy of western Eurasian beeches
Creators: name: Denk, Thomas
name: Grimm, Guido W.
name: Cardoni, Simone
name: Csilléry, Katalin
name: Kurz, Mirjam
name: Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
name: Simeone, Marco Cosimo
name: Worth, James R P
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310411
subject: Plant and fungus systematics and taxonomy
classificationCode: 310510
subject: Molecular evolution
classificationCode: 310206
subject: Sequence analysis
classificationCode: 310299
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310599
subject: Genetics not elsewhere classified

description: This file collection includes supporting data and supplementary information. Appendix_1.pdf provides a protocol for assigning 5S rDNA intergenic spacer variants to systematic-taxonomically informative phylogenetic lineages and main sequence types in beeches and includes Figures S1­–S8 and Tables S1, S2.EPA_annotation.xlsx is a spread-sheet summarising and tabulating the results of the primary and secondary EPA (assignment of sequence variants to main types using the Evolutionary Placement Algorithm implemented in RAxML/EPA-ng) using a customized reference tree for Western Eurasian beeches: EPARefTreeWEurasia.new (NEWICK-formatted)Genotypification.xlsx tabulates genetic sequence characteristics of species of beech across several nuclear and plastid gene regions compiled from published data and including new data generated for J. R. P. Worth et al., work in progress.Supporting Data Archive.zip includes various supporting and analysis files required for genotaxonomic assessment of beech individuals. See _Content.txt for full content and file labelling conventions.
Research Priorities for FCTC Articles 20, 21, and 22: Surveillance/Evaluation and Information Exchange
Creators: name: Kalsbeek, William D.
name: Giovino, Gary A.
name: Kulak, Jessica A.
name: Leischow, Scott J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Articles 20, 21, and 22 call for strong monitoring and reporting of tobacco use and factors influencing use and disease (Articles 20 and 21) and for collaboration among the Parties and relevant organizations to share resources, knowledge, and expertise on all relevant tobacco control strategies (Article 22).
Tobacco Use Treatment at the U.S. National Cancer Institute's Designated Cancer Centers
Creators: name: Goldstein, Adam O.
name: Ripley-Moffitt, Carol E.
name: Patsakham, Katharine M.
name: Pathman, Donald E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Tobacco use is a leading cause of cancer, and continued use after cancer diagnosis puts patients at greater risk for adverse health outcomes, including increased risk for cancer recurrence. This study surveyed National Cancer Institute (NCI)–designated Cancer Centers to assess the availability of tobacco use treatment (TUT) services.
Time-dependent scaling patterns in high frequency financial data
Creators: name: Nava, Noemi
name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
name: Aste, Tomaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We measure the influence of different time-scales on the dynamics of financial market data. This is obtained by decomposing financial time series into simple oscillations associated with distinct time-scales. We propose two new time-varying measures: 1) an amplitude scaling exponent and 2) an entropy-like measure. We apply these measures to intraday, 30-second sampled prices of various stock indices. Our results reveal intraday trends where different time-horizons contribute with variable relative amplitudes over the course of the trading day. Our findings indicate that the time series we analysed have a non-stationary multifractal nature with predominantly persistent behaviour at the middle of the trading session and anti-persistent behaviour at the open and close. We demonstrate that these deviations are statistically significant and robust.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures
Electronic Supplementary Information from Doping induced dielectric anomaly below the Curie temperature in molecular ferroelectric diisopropylammonium bromide.
Creators: name: Kaige Gao
name: Binbin Zhang
name: Yunqing Cao
name: Xiaobing Chen
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 30699 Physical Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: A dielectric anomaly induced by doping has been observed at about 340 K in chlorine-doped diisopropylammonium bromide. The dielectric anomaly has a switchable behaviour, which indicates potential applications on switches and sensors. Temperature-dependent Raman spectrum, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry do not show any anomaly around the dielectric anomaly temperature, which prove that the dielectric anomaly does not come from structure phase transition and has no specific heat variety. It is assumed that this dielectric anomaly can be attributed to the freezing of ferroelectric domain walls induced by the pinning of point defects.
Emergent scenario in the Einstein-Cartan theory
Creators: name: Huang, Qihong
name: Wu, Puxun
name: Yu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the emergent scenario, which is proposed to avoid the big bang singularity, in the Einstein-Cartan (EC) theory with a positive cosmological constant and a perfect fluid by analyzing the existence and stability of the Einstein static (ES) solutions. We find that there is no stable ES solution for a spatially flat or open universe. However, for a spatially closed universe, the stable ES solution does exist, and in the same existence parameter regions, there also exists an unstable one. With the slow decrease of the equation of state $w$ of the perfect fluid, the stable and unstable critical points move close gradually and coincide once $w$ reaches a critical value, so that the stable critical point becomes an unstable one. As a result, if $w$ approaches a constant at $t\rightarrow -\infty$, the universe can stay at the stable ES state past eternally, and furthermore it can naturally exit from this state and evolve into an inflationary era if $w$ decreases slowly as time goes forward. Therefore, the emergent scenario that avoids the big bang singularity can be successfully implemented in the EC theory of gravity.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, to appear in PRD
Digital Detection for Tobacco Control: Online Reactions to the 2009 U.S. Cigarette Excise Tax Increase
Creators: name: Ayers, John W.
name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
name: Althouse, Benjamin M.
name: Emery, Sherry
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The Internet is revolutionizing tobacco control, but few have harnessed the Web for surveillance. We demonstrate for the first time an approach for analyzing aggregate Internet search queries that captures precise changes in population considerations about tobacco.
(400119) Bertram Stuart Blain
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
ЭМОДЗИЛАР ВИРТУАЛ МАКОННИНГ ЯНГИ ОБЪЕКТИ СИФАТИДА ТУТГАН ЎРНИ
Creators: name: Норқулов, Акбар
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ушбу мақолада бугунги кунда долзарблиги кундан кунга ошиб бораётган Виртуал макон, унинг пайдо бўлиши, тараққиёт этиш асослари ва ижтимоий тармоқлар билан ўзаро боғлиқ жиҳатлари атрофлича ўрганиб чиқилган. Виртуал макондаги ҳуқуқий тартибга солиш тартиб асослари, унинг ҳуқуқий белгилари ҳамда ҳуқуқий табиати, Виртуал макон ҳақида олимларнинг фикр-мулоҳазалари асосида илмий таҳлил қилинган.
How U.S. Adults Find Out About Electronic Cigarettes: Implications for Public Health Messages
Creators: name: Pepper, Jessica K.
name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Emery, Sherry L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-powered nicotine delivery systems that have become increasingly popular in the United States. We sought to understand how U.S. adults hear about e-cigarettes.
Right-handed neutrinos and the 2 TeV $W'$ boson
Creators: name: Coloma, Pilar
name: Dobrescu, Bogdan A.
name: Lopez-Pavon, Jacobo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CMS $e^+ e^- jj$ events of invariant mass near 2 TeV are consistent with a $W'$ boson decaying into an electron and a right-handed neutrino whose TeV-scale mass is of the Dirac type. We show that the Dirac partner of the right-handed electron-neutrino can be the right-handed tau-neutrino. A prediction of this model is that the sum of the $τ^+ e^+ jj$ and $τ^- e^- jj$ signal cross sections equals twice that for $e^+ e^- jj$. The Standard Model neutrinos acquire Majorana masses and mixings compatible with neutrino oscillation data.
description: 15 pages. v2: Added comments on lepton-flavor violation and neutrinoless double beta decay. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
(400116) Mary [C]ail
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary content to Denk et al.: A subgeneric classification of Fagus (Fagaceae) and revised taxonomy of western Eurasian beeches
Creators: name: Denk, Thomas
name: Grimm, Guido
name: Cardoni, Simone
name: Csilléry, Katalin
name: Kurz, Mirjam
name: Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
name: Simeone, Marco Cosimo
name: Worth, James R P
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310411
subject: Plant and fungus systematics and taxonomy
classificationCode: 310510
subject: Molecular evolution
classificationCode: 310206
subject: Sequence analysis
classificationCode: 310299
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310599
subject: Genetics not elsewhere classified

description: This file collection includes supporting data and supplementary information. Appendix_1.pdf provides a protocol for assigning 5S rDNA intergenic spacer variants to systematic-taxonomically informative phylogenetic lineages and main sequence types in beeches and includes Figures S1­–S8 and Tables S1, S2.EPA_annotation.xlsx is a spread-sheet summarising and tabulating the results of the primary and secondary EPA (assignment of sequence variants to main types using the Evolutionary Placement Algorithm implemented in RAxML/EPA-ng) using a customized reference tree for Western Eurasian beeches: EPARefTreeWEurasia.new (NEWICK-formatted)Genotypification.xlsx tabulates genetic sequence characteristics of species of beech across several nuclear and plastid gene regions compiled from published data and including new data generated for J. R. P. Worth et al., work in progress.Supporting Data Archive.zip includes various supporting and analysis files required for genotaxonomic assessment of beech individuals. See _Content.txt for full content and file labelling conventions.
(400117) Eleanor Ramage
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Ultrafast transmission electron microscopy on dynamic process of a CDW transition in 1T-TaSe2
Creators: name: Sun, Shuaishuai
name: Wei, Linlin
name: Li, Zhongwen
name: Cao, Gaolong
name: Liu, Y.
name: Lu, W. J.
name: Sun, Y. P.
name: Tian, Huanfang
name: HuaixinYang
name: Li, Jianqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Four-dimensional ultrafast transmission electron microscopy (4D-UTEM) measurements reveal a rich variety of structural dynamic phenomena at a phase transition in the charge-density-wave (CDW) 1T-TaSe2. Through the photoexcitation, remarkable changes on both the CDW intensity and orientation are clearly observed associated with the transformation from a commensurate (C) into an incommensurate (IC) phase in a time-scale of about 3 ps. Moreover, the transient states show up a notable "structurally isosbestic point" at a wave vector of qiso where the C and IC phases yield their diffracting efficiencies in an equally ratio. This fact demonstrates that the crystal planes parallel to qiso adopts visibly common structural features in these two CDW phases. The second-order characters observed in this nonequilibrium phase transition have been also analyzed based on the time-resolved structural data.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Smokers' and Nonsmokers' Beliefs About Harmful Tobacco Constituents: Implications for FDA Communication Efforts
Creators: name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
name: Hall, Marissa G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Legislation requires the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to release information to the public about harmful constituents in tobacco and tobacco smoke. To inform these efforts, we sought to better understand how smokers and nonsmokers think about tobacco constituents.
Tobacco Products Sold by Internet Vendors Following Restrictions on Flavors and Light Descriptors
Creators: name: Jo, Catherine L.
name: Williams, Rebecca S.
name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act bans characterizing flavors (e.g., grape, strawberry) in cigarettes, excluding tobacco and menthol, and prohibits companies from using misleading descriptors (e.g., light, low) that imply reduced health risks without submitting scientific data to support the claim and obtaining a marketing authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This observational study examines tobacco products offered by Internet cigarette vendors (ICV) pre- and postimplementation of the ban on characterizing flavors in cigarettes and the restriction on misleading descriptors.
Supplementary content to Denk et al.: A subgeneric classification of Fagus (Fagaceae) and revised taxonomy of western Eurasian beeches
Creators: name: Denk, Thomas
name: Grimm, Guido
name: Cardoni, Simone
name: Csilléry, Katalin
name: Kurz, Mirjam
name: Schulze, Ernst-Detlef
name: Simeone, Marco Cosimo
name: Worth, James R P
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310411
subject: Plant and fungus systematics and taxonomy
classificationCode: 310510
subject: Molecular evolution
classificationCode: 310206
subject: Sequence analysis
classificationCode: 310299
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310599
subject: Genetics not elsewhere classified

description: This file collection includes supporting data and supplementary information. Appendix_1.pdf provides a protocol for assigning 5S rDNA intergenic spacer variants to systematic-taxonomically informative phylogenetic lineages and main sequence types in beeches and includes Figures S1­–S8 and Tables S1, S2.EPA_annotation.xlsx is a spread-sheet summarising and tabulating the results of the primary and secondary EPA (assignment of sequence variants to main types using the Evolutionary Placement Algorithm implemented in RAxML/EPA-ng) using a customized reference tree for Western Eurasian beeches: EPARefTreeWEurasia.new (NEWICK-formatted)Genotypification.xlsx tabulates genetic sequence characteristics of species of beech across several nuclear and plastid gene regions compiled from published data and including new data generated for J. R. P. Worth et al., work in progress.Supporting Data Archive.zip includes various supporting and analysis files required for genotaxonomic assessment of beech individuals. See _Content.txt for full content and file labelling conventions.
Anomalous Hall effect and current spin polarization in Co$_2$FeX (X = Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, and Sn) Heusler compounds: A systematic {\it ab initio} study
Creators: name: Huang, Hung-Lung
name: Tung, Jen-Chuan
name: Guo, Guang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we perform a systematic {\it ab initio} study of two principal spin-related phenomena, namely, anomalous Hall effect and current spin polarization, in Co$_2$Fe-based Heusler compounds Co$_2$FeX (X = Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The accurate full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method is used. We find that the spin-polarization of the longitudinal current ($P^L$) in Co$_2$FeX (X = Al, Ga, In, Al$_{0.5}$Si$_{0.5}$ and Sn) is $\sim$100 \% even though that of the electronic states at the Fermi level ($P^D$) is not. Further, the other compounds also have a high current spin polarization with $P^L > 85$ \%. This indicates that all the Co$_2$FeX compounds considered are promising for spin-transport devices. Interestingly, $P^D$ is negative in Co$_2$FeX (X = Si, Ge and Sn), differing in sign from the $P^L$ as well as that from the transport experiments. Secondly, the calculated anomalous Hall conductivities (AHCs) are moderate, being within 200 S/cm, and agree well with the available experiments on highly L2$_1$ ordered Co$_2$FeSi specimen although they differ significantly from the reported experiments on other compounds where the B2 antisite disorders were present. Surprisingly, the AHC in Co$_2$FeSi decreases and then changes sign when Si is replaced by Ge and finally by Sn. Third, the calculated total magnetic moments agree well with the corresponding experimental ones in all the studied compounds except Co$_2$FeSi where a difference of 0.3 $μ_B$/f.u. exists. We also perform the GGA plus on-site Coulomb interaction $U$ calculations in the GGA+$U$ scheme. We find that including the $U$ affects the calculated total magnetic moment, spin polarization and AHC significantly, and in most cases, results in a disagreement with the available experimental results.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1303.0509
Examination of bacterial resistance to exogenous nitric oxide
Creators: name: Privett, Benjamin J.
name: Schoenfisch, Mark H.
name: Riccio, Daniel A.
name: Broadnax, Angela D.
name: Bauman, Susanne J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: While much research has been directed to harnessing the antimicrobial properties of exogenous NO, the possibility of bacteria developing resistance to such therapy has not been thoroughly studied. Herein, we evaluate potential NO resistance using spontaneous and serial passage mutagenesis assays. Specifically, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were systematically exposed to NO-releasing 75mol% MPTMS-TEOS nitrosothiol particles at or below minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels. In the spontaneous mutagenesis assay, bacteria that survived exposure to lethal concentrations of NO showed no increase in MIC. Similarly, no increase in MIC was observed in the serial passage mutagenesis assay after exposure of these species to sub-inhibitory concentrations of NO through 20 d.
Electronic Supplementary Information from Doping induced dielectric anomaly below the Curie temperature in molecular ferroelectric diisopropylammonium bromide
Creators: name: Kaige Gao
name: Binbin Zhang
name: Yunqing Cao
name: Xiaobing Chen
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 30699 Physical Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: A dielectric anomaly induced by doping has been observed at about 340 K in chlorine doped diisopropylammonium bromide. The dielectric anomaly has a switchable behaviour, which indicates potential applications on switches and sensors. Temperature-dependent Raman spectrum, X-ray diffraction and DSC do not show any anomaly around the dielectric anomaly temperature, which prove that the dielectric anomaly does not come from structure phase transition and has no specific heat variety. It is assumed that this dielectric anomaly can be attributed to the freezing of ferroelectric domain walls induced by the pinning of point defects.
Quantitative measurements of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen utilization using MRI: a volunteer study
Creators: name: Celik, Azim
name: An, Hongyu
name: Lee, Yueh Z.
name: Lin, Weili
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Quantitative estimates of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen utilization using magnetic resonance imaging can have profound implications for the understanding of brain metabolic activity as well as the investigation of cerebrovascular disease. In this study, five normal volunteers were studied. All images were acquired on a Siemens 1.5 T scanner (Siemens Medical Systems Inc, Erlangen, Germany). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was obtained in vivo with a dynamic imaging approach and the acquired images were post-processed with the singular value decomposition method (SVD). In addition, a multi-echo gradient echo/spin echo sequence was employed to provide MR estimates of oxygen extraction fraction (MR_OEF) in vivo. Subsequently, an absolute measure of MR cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen utilization (MR_CMRO2) was obtained in all subjects by taking the product of CBF and MR_OEF. A mean MR_CMRO2 of 28.94 ± 3.26 ml/min/100 g and 12.57 ± 3.11 ml/min/100 g was obtained for gray matter and white matter, respectively, suggesting that the gray matter utilizes more oxygen than white matter under normal physiological conditions. These results yield a gray matter to white matter CMRO2 ratio of 2.37 ± 0.37, which is comparable to the reported values in the literature. More studies are needed to further improve on the accuracy as well as shortening the required data acquisition time so that the proposed approaches can be utilized in a routine clinical setting.
Ezenwa & Worsley Tonks Supplementary Tables from Social living simultaneously increases infection risk and decreases the cost of infection.
Creators: name: Ezenwa, Vanessa O.
name: Worsley-Tonks, Katherine E. L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Elevated parasite infection risk is considered to be a near-universal cost of social living. However, living in groups may also provide benefits that reduce the negative impacts of infection. These potential ‘tolerance’ benefits of living socially are theoretically possible, but have rarely been described. In this study, we used an anthelmintic treatment experiment in wild Grant's gazelles (Nanger granti), who are commonly infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), to show that social living confers both costs and benefits related to GIN parasitism. We show that although larger group size increases GIN infection risk, a key cost of GIN infection—the suppression of food intake—is simultaneously moderated by living in larger groups. Our findings help illuminate the complex role parasites play in the evolution of host social behaviour.
The Leggett-Garg Inequalities and No-Signalling in Time: A Quasi-Probability Approach
Creators: name: Halliwell, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Leggett-Garg (LG) inequalities were proposed in order to assess whether sets of pairs of sequential measurements on a single quantum system can be consistent with an underlying notion of macrorealism. Here, the LG inequalities are explored using a simple quasi-probability linear in the projection operators to describe the properties of the system at two times. We show that this quasi-probability is measurable, has the same correlation function as the usual two-time measurement probability (for the bivalent variables considered here) and has the key property that the probabilities for the later time are independent of whether an earlier measurement was made, a generalization of the no-signalling in time condition of Kofler and Brukner. We argue that this quasi-probability, appropriately measured, provides a non-invasive measure of macrorealism per se at the two time level. This measure, when combined with the LG inequalities, provides a characterization of macrorealism more detailed than that provided by the LG inequalities alone. When the quasi-probability is non-negative, the LG system has a natural parallel with the EPRB system and Fine's theorem. A simple spin model illustrating key features of the approach is exhibited.
description: 23 pages. Significant revisions. Change of title
In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Studies of Glycine and Glutathione Metabolism in a Rat Mammary Tumor
Creators: name: Thelwall, Peter E.
name: Macdonald, Jeffrey M.
name: Rabbani, Zahid N.
name: Simpson, Nicholas E.
name: Clark, M. Daniel
name: Pourdeyhimi, Roxana
name: Blackband, Stephen J.
name: Gamcsik, Michael P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The metabolism of glycine into glutathione was monitored noninvasively in vivo in intact R3230Ac rat tumors by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Metabolism was tracked by following the isotope label from intravenously infused [2-13C]-glycine into the glycinyl residue of glutathione. Signals from [2-13C]-glycine and γ-glutamylcysteinyl-[2-13C]-glycine (13C-glutathione) were detected by nonlocalized 13C spectroscopy as these resonances are distinct from background signals. In addition, using spectroscopic imaging methods, heterogeneity in the in vivo tumor distribution of glutathione was observed. In vivo spectroscopy also detected isotope incorporation from [2-13C]-glycine into both the 2- and 3-carbons of serine. Analyses of tumor tissue extracts show single and multiple label incorporation from [2-13C]-glycine into serine from metabolism through the serine hydroxymethyltransferase and glycine cleavage system pathways. Mass spectrometric analysis of extracts also shows that isotope-labeled serine is further metabolized via the transsulfuration pathway as the 13C-isotope labels appear in both the glycinyl- and the cysteinyl-residue of glutathione. Our studies demonstrate the use of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for monitoring tumor metabolic processes central to oxidative stress defense.
Layered posets and Kunen's universal collapse
Creators: name: Cox, Sean D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03

description: We develop the theory of layered posets, and use the notion of layering to prove a new iteration theorem (Theorem 6): if $κ$ is weakly compact then any universal Kunen iteration of $κ$-cc posets (each possibly of size $κ$) is $κ$-cc, as long as direct limits are used sufficiently often. This iteration theorem simplifies and generalizes the various chain condition arguments for universal Kunen iterations in the literature on saturated ideals, especially in situations where finite support iterations are not possible. We also provide two applications: (1) For any $n \ge 1$, a wide variety of $
description: corrected proof of Lemma 4
Ezenwa & Worsley Tonks Supplementary Tables from Social living simultaneously increases infection risk and decreases the cost of infection
Creators: name: Ezenwa, Vanessa O.
name: Worsley-Tonks, Katherine E. L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Elevated parasite infection risk is considered to be a near-universal cost of social living. However, living in groups may also provide benefits that reduce the negative impacts of infection. These potential ‘tolerance’ benefits of living socially are theoretically possible, but have rarely been described. In this study, we used an anthelmintic treatment experiment in wild Grant's gazelles (Nanger granti), who are commonly infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), to show that social living confers both costs and benefits related to GIN parasitism. We show that although larger group size increases GIN infection risk, a key cost of GIN infection—the suppression of food intake—is simultaneously moderated by living in larger groups. Our findings help illuminate the complex role parasites play in the evolution of host social behaviour.
Graphdiyne as a Promising Substrate for Stabilizing Pt Nanoparticle Catalyst
Creators: name: Lin, Zheng-Zhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At present, Pt nanoparticle catalysts in fuel cells suffer from aggregation and loss of chemical activity. In this work, graphdiyne, which has natural porous structure, was proposed as substrate with high adsorption ability to stabilize Pt nanoparticles. Using multiscale calculations by ab initio method and the ReaxFF potential, geometry optimizations, molecular dynamics simulations, Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations and minimum energy paths calculations were performed to investigate the adsorption energy and the rates of desorption and migration of Pt nanoparticles on graphdiyne and graphene. According to the comparison between graphdiyne and graphene, it was found that the high adsorption ability of graphdiyne can avoid Pt nanoparticle migration and aggregation on substrate. Then, simulations indicated the potential catalytic ability of graphdiyne-Pt-nanoparticle system to the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. In summary, graphdiyne should be an excellent material to replace graphite or amorphous carbon matrix for stabilizing Pt nanoparticle catalysts.
LHC Run-2 and future prospects
Creators: name: Boyd, J.T.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: School Proceedings
Year: 2022

description: The lecture discusses both the current status of the Large Hadron Collider as well as its future running scenarios. In addition, a selection of the latest physics results from the experiments ATLAS, CMS and LHCb is presented.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: School Proceedings, Vol. 5 (2021): Proceedings of the 2019 European School of High-Energy Physics St Petersburg, Russia, 4–17 September 2019
(400118) Frederick Hamilton Blain
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
KIVI MEVALARINI TARKIBI VA FOYDALI XUSUSIYATLARI
Creators: name: Sattorov, Obidjon
name: Mustafoyeva, Zebiniso
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Maqolada kivi o'simligining tarkibidagi mikroelementlar, mineral moddalar va ularning ozuqaviylik qiymati bilan birgalikda ularning inson organizmi uchun foydali jihatlari va undagi  turli kasalliklarga shifobaxsh xususiyatlari o'rganib chiqilgan.
Standards for Methods Utilizing Environmental DNA for Detection of Fish Species
Creators: name: Shu, Lu
name: Ludwig, Arne
name: Peng, Zuogang
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: environmental DNA
subject: water sampling
subject: eDNA capture
subject: eDNA extraction
subject: eDNA detection
subject: genetic marker
subject: detection error
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques are gaining attention as cost-effective, non-invasive strategies for acquiring information on fish and other aquatic organisms from water samples. Currently, eDNA approaches are used to detect specific fish species and determine fish community diversity. Various protocols used with eDNA methods for aquatic organism detection have been reported in different eDNA studies, but there are no general recommendations for fish detection. Herein, we reviewed 168 papers to supplement and highlight the key criteria for each step of eDNA technology in fish detection and provide general suggestions for eliminating detection errors. Although there is no unified recommendation for the application of diverse eDNA in detecting fish species, in most cases, 1 or 2 L surface water collection and eDNA capture on 0.7-μm glass fiber filters followed by extraction with a DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit or PowerWater DNA Isolation Kit are useful for obtaining high-quality eDNA. Subsequently, species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene markers or eDNA metabarcoding based on both 12S and 16S rRNA markers via high-throughput sequencing can effectively detect target DNA or estimate species richness. Furthermore, detection errors can be minimized by mitigating contamination, negative control, PCR replication, and using multiple genetic markers. Our aim is to provide a useful strategy for fish eDNA technology that can be applied by researchers, advisors, and managers.