cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testing the martingale difference hypothesis in high dimension
Creators: name: Chang, Jinyuan
name: Jiang, Qing
name: Shao, Xiaofeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we consider testing the martingale difference hypothesis for high-dimensional time series. Our test is built on the sum of squares of the element-wise max-norm of the proposed matrix-valued nonlinear dependence measure at different lags. To conduct the inference, we approximate the null distribution of our test statistic by Gaussian approximation and provide a simulation-based approach to generate critical values. The asymptotic behavior of the test statistic under the alternative is also studied. Our approach is nonparametric as the null hypothesis only assumes the time series concerned is martingale difference without specifying any parametric forms of its conditional moments. As an advantage of Gaussian approximation, our test is robust to the cross-series dependence of unknown magnitude. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first valid test for the martingale difference hypothesis that not only allows for large dimension but also captures nonlinear serial dependence. The practical usefulness of our test is illustrated via simulation and a real data analysis. The test is implemented in a user-friendly R-function.
Robust and Accurate Object Detection via Self-Knowledge Distillation
Creators: name: Xu, Weipeng
name: Chu, Pengzhi
name: Xie, Renhao
name: Xiao, Xiongziyan
name: Huang, Hongcheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object detection has achieved promising performance on clean datasets, but how to achieve better tradeoff between the adversarial robustness and clean precision is still under-explored. Adversarial training is the mainstream method to improve robustness, but most of the works will sacrifice clean precision to gain robustness than standard training. In this paper, we propose Unified Decoupled Feature Alignment (UDFA), a novel fine-tuning paradigm which achieves better performance than existing methods, by fully exploring the combination between self-knowledge distillation and adversarial training for object detection. We first use decoupled fore/back-ground features to construct self-knowledge distillation branch between clean feature representation from pretrained detector (served as teacher) and adversarial feature representation from student detector. Then we explore the self-knowledge distillation from a new angle by decoupling original branch into a self-supervised learning branch and a new self-knowledge distillation branch. With extensive experiments on the PASCAL-VOC and MS-COCO benchmarks, the evaluation results show that UDFA can surpass the standard training and state-of-the-art adversarial training methods for object detection. For example, compared with teacher detector, our approach on GFLV2 with ResNet-50 improves clean precision by 2.2 AP on PASCAL-VOC; compared with SOTA adversarial training methods, our approach improves clean precision by 1.6 AP, while improving adversarial robustness by 0.5 AP. Our code will be available at https://github.com/grispeut/udfa.
Observations and modeling of the emerging EUV loops in the quiet Sun as seen with the Solar Dynamics Observatory
Creators: name: Chitta, LP.
name: Kariyappa, R.
name: van Ballegooijen, A. A.
name: DeLuca, E. E.
name: Hasan, S. S.
name: Hanslmeier, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the \textit{Solar Dynamics Observatory} (SDO) to study coronal loops at small scales, emerging in the quiet Sun. With HMI line-of-sight magnetograms, we derive the integrated and unsigned photospheric magnetic flux at the loop footpoints in the photosphere. These loops are bright in the EUV channels of AIA. Using the six AIA EUV filters, we construct the differential emission measure (DEM) in the temperature range $5.7 - 6.5$ in log $T$ (K) for several hours of observations. The observed DEMs have a peak distribution around log $T \approx$ 6.3, falling rapidly at higher temperatures. For log $T
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (11 pages, 14 figures, animation not included)
Exact solution for finite center-of-mass momentum Cooper pairing
Creators: name: Setty, Chandan
name: Zhao, Jinchao
name: Fanfarillo, Laura
name: Huang, Edwin W.
name: Hirschfeld, Peter J.
name: Phillips, Philip W.
name: Yang, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pair density waves (PDWs) are superconducting states formed by ``Cooper pairs" of electrons containing a non-zero center-of-mass momentum. They are characterized by a spatially modulated order parameter and may occur in a variety of emerging quantum materials such as cuprates, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and Kagome metals. Despite extensive theoretical and numerical studies seeking PDWs in a variety of lattices and interacting settings, there is currently no generic and robust mechanism that favors a modulated solution of the superconducting order parameter in the presence of time reversal symmetry. Here, we study the problem of two electrons subject to an anisotropic ($d$-wave) attractive potential. We solve the two-body Schrodinger wave equation exactly to determine the pair binding energy as a function of the center-of-mass momentum. We find that a modulated (finite momentum) pair is favored over a homogeneous (zero momentum) solution above a critical interaction. Using this insight from the exact two-body solution, we construct a BCS-like variational many-body wave function and calculate the free energy and superconducting gap as a function of the center-of-mass momentum. A zero temperature analysis of the energy shows that the conclusions of the two-body problem are robust in the many-body limit. Our results lay the theoretical and microscopic foundation for the existence of PDWs.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures
title: E. Sprockhoff, Niedersächsische Depotfunde der jüngeren Bronzezeit
Creators: name: Reinecke, Paul
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Rezension zu: E. Sprockhoff, Niedersächsische Depotfunde der jüngeren Bronzezeit (Veröffentlichungen der urgeschichtlichen Sammlungen des Provinzialmuseums zu Hannover, Band II). Hildesheim und Ueipzig 1932, Verlagsbuchhandlung August Fax. 124 Seiten, 187 Abbildungen auf 24 Tafeln und 19 Karten.
Classification of eclipsing binaries: attractive systems
Creators: name: Malkov, Oleg
name: Avvakumova, Ekaterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have compiled a catalogue of eclipsing variable stars, the largest catalogue, containing classified eclipsing binaries. A procedure for the classification of eclipsing binaries, based on the catalogued data, is also developed. It was applied to unclassified eclipsing binaries. In this paper we discuss eclipsing binaries, which can not be classified with the procedure. Some of them belong to marginal evolutionary classes. Observational data for others are too contradictory, and additional observations are needed to attribute them to one or another evolutionary class.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, this work was presented at the XIth Hvar Astrophysical Colloquium "The Most Mysterious Binaries: Significance for Astrophysics", 2-6 July 2012, Hvar, Croatia
An algorithmic strategy for finding characteristic maps over wedged simplicial complexes
Creators: name: Choi, Suyoung
name: Vallée, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57S12, 57-08, 05E45

description: The puzzle method was introduced by Choi and Park as an effective method for finding non-singular characteristic maps over wedged simplicial complexes $K(J)$ obtained from a given simplicial complex $K$. We study further the mod 2 case of the puzzle method. We firstly describe it completely in terms of linear algebraic language which allows us to develop a constructive puzzle algorithm. We also analyze our algorithm and compare its performances with other known algorithms including the Garrison and Scott algorithm.
description: 24 pages, 3 tables
Para-Bannai-Ito Polynomials
Creators: name: Pelletier, Jonathan
name: Vinet, Luc
name: Zhedanov, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33C47

description: New bispectral polynomials orthogonal on a Bannai-Ito bi-lattice (uniform quadri-lattice) are obtained from an unconventional truncation of the untruncated Bannai-Ito and complementary Bannai-Ito polynomials. A complete characterization of the resulting para-Bannai-Ito polynomials is provided, including a three term recurrence relation, a Dunkl-difference equation, an explicit expression in terms of hypergeometric series and an orthogonality relation. They are also derived as a $q\to -1$ limit of the $q$-para-Racah polynomials. A connection to the dual $-1$ Hahn polynomials is also established.
title: Fritz Saxl, Mithras
Creators: name: Saria, Balduin
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Rezension zu: Fritz Saxl, Mithras. Typengeschichtliche Untersuchungen. Berlin, H. Keller 1931. 4°. XI, 125 S. 235 Abb. auf 43 Taf. in Lichtdruck.
Applying a one-dimensional PDR model to the Taurus molecular cloud and its atomic envelope
Creators: name: Heiner, J. S.
name: Vázquez-Semadeni, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution, we test our previously published one-dimensional PDR model for deriving total hydrogen volume densities from HI column density measurements in extragalactic regions by applying it to the Taurus molecular cloud, where its predictions can be compared to available data. Also, we make the first direct detailed comparison of our model to CO(1-0) and far-infrared emission. Using an incident UV flux G0 of 4.25 (χ = 5) throughout the main body of the cloud, we derive total hydrogen volume densities of \approx 430 cm-3, consistent with the extensive literature available on Taurus. The distribution of the volume densities shows a log-normal shape with a hint of a power-law shape on the high density end. We convert our volume densities to H2 column densities assuming a cloud depth of 5 parsec and compare these column densities to observed CO emission. We find a slope equivalent to a CO conversion factor relation that is on the low end of reported values for this factor in the literature (0.9 x 1020 cm-2 (K km s-1)-1), although this value is directly proportional to our assumed value of G0 as well as the cloud depth. We seem to under-predict the total hydrogen gas as compared to 100 μm dust emission, which we speculate may be caused by a higher actual G0 incident on the Taurus cloud than is generally assumed.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Editorial
Creators: name: Wolf, Claus
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 45, Nr. 2 (2016), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
More on Emergent Dark Energy from Unparticles
Creators: name: Artymowski, Michał
name: Ben-Dayan, Ido
name: Kumar, Utkarsh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper \cite{Artymowski:2020zwy} we suggested the possibility that the present acceleration of the Universe is due to thermodynamical behavior of unparticles. The model is free of scalar fields, modified gravity, a Cosmological Constant (CC), the coincidence problem, initial conditions problem and possesses interesting distinct predictions regarding the equation of state of Dark Energy, the growth rate and the number of relativistic degrees of freedom at BBN and CMB decoupling. In this work, we relate to a recent paper \cite{Abchouyeh:2021wey}, which discusses a similar setup of unparticles with and without a CC as an external source of late-time acceleration. The authors have shown how such a model is inconsistent with the data. We show that these claims are viable only in a particular part of the parameter space and that model \cite{Artymowski:2020zwy} stands tall. We further suggest a consistency condition in terms of observables. We then fit publicly available supernovae data to derive the expected Hubble parameter and constrain the parameters of the model.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
title: Aus der Technikgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Die Eisenbahnbrücken von Unterreichenbach und Langenargen
Creators: name: Boeyng, Ulrich
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 45, Nr. 2 (2016), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
Studien zur Synthese von Duftstoffmolekülen unter Durchfluss- und batch-Bedingungen und chemische Funktionalisierung von Titanoberflächen
Creators: name: Seemann, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Durchflusschemie
subject: induktive Erwärmung
subject: zyklische Triperoxide
subject: Makrozyklen
subject: Duftstoffmoleküle
subject: STORY-Prozess
subject: Titanimplantate
subject: RGD
subject: Variation der Spacer-Länge
subject: Integrin-abhängige Zelladhäsion
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Der erste Teil der Arbeit behandelt die Synthese von Duftstoffmolekülen unter Durchflussbedingungen. Makrozyklische Verbindungen zählen auch heute noch zu einer der wichtigsten Klassen der Moschusduftstoffe in der Parfümindustrie. Basierend auf dem STORY-Prozess wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Durchflusssystem zur eleganten Synthese von Moschusduftstoffen entwickelt. Bei den Duftstoffmolekülen handelt es sich um makrozyklische Verbindungen, welche über die Pyrolyse von Cyclohexanontriperoxid erhalten werden. Das entwickelte System ermöglicht die gefahrlose Handhabung der Triperoxide, da diese während des Prozesses nicht isoliert werden müssen, sondern direkt unter Verwendung induktiver Wärme in die gewünschten Makrozyklen umgesetzt werden. Des Weiteren konnte das entwickelte Durchflusssystem erfolgreich auf die Pyrolyse weiterer Triperoxid-Derivate angewandt werden, sodass unterschiedlich große Makrozyklen mit unterschiedlichen Substitutionsmustern hergestellt werden konnten. Die hergestellten Makrozyklen wurden mittels präparativer Gaschromatografie erfolgreich isoliert. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurden Titankörper als Modell für dentale Implantate mit einem bioaktiven zyklischen RGD-Peptid modifiziert. Die Funktionalisierung sollte zu einer Verbesserung der Biokompatibilität der Oberfläche führen. Dafür wurden die Metalloberflächen in mehreren Schritten über Peptidkupplungen und eine metallfreie „Click“-Reaktion modifiziert. Durch den Einsatz unterschiedlich langer Spacer-Elemente sollte der optimale Abstand des bioaktiven Moleküls zur Implantatoberfläche für eine Integrin-abhängige Zelladhäsion ermittelt werden. Die erfolgreiche chemische Modifizierung der Titankörper wurde über XPS-Messungen bestätigt. Die biologischen Untersuchungen der unterschiedlichen Titankörper zeigten den positiven Effekt der Funktionalisierung auf die Zellviabilität und die osteogene Differenzierung.
Ring-originated anisotropy of local structural ordering in amorphous and crystalline silicon dioxide
Creators: name: Shiga, Motoki
name: Hirata, Akihiko
name: Onodera, Yohei
name: Masai, Hirokazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rings comprising chemically bonded atoms are essential topological motifs for the structural ordering of network-forming materials. Quantification of such larger motifs beyond short-range pair correlation is essential for understanding the linkages between the orderings and macroscopic behaviors. Here, we propose two quantitative analysis methods based on rings. The first method quantifies rings by two geometric indicators: roundness and roughness. These indicators reveal the linkages between highly symmetric rings and crystal symmetry in silica and that the structure of amorphous silica mainly consists of distorted rings. The second method quantifies a spatial correlation function that describes three-dimensional atomic densities around rings. A comparative analysis among the functions for different degrees of ring symmetries reveals that symmetric rings contribute to the local structural order in amorphous silica. Another analysis of amorphous models with different orderings reveals anisotropy of the local structural ordering around rings; this contributes to building the intermediate-range ordering.
description: 61 pages, 27 figures
title: Changing University Governance Paradigms in the Middle East and North Africa: The UAE Example
Creators: name: Remache, Abdelghani
Publisher: name: TEM Journal
Year: 2019

description: When Al Ain University (AU) was incepted in 2005 it was aimed to be a higher education institution of its kind and was meant to grow into an international-class university. Five years later, however, it found itself lagging behind the top twenty UAE universities. In less than half a dozen of years, no less than four presidents have resigned or been terminated prior to the expiration of their terms, in most cases, within one or two years of assuming office which stroke a serious blow to the institution’s governance system. This state-of-affairs had had a grave impact on the stability, functioning and growth of the institution and thus prompted an urgent need for a stable organizational model of governance. Consequently, AU developed a new management system derived from the Commission for Academic Accreditation 2011 Standards of UAE Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (CAA Standards) meaning to move the institution forward to accomplishments and excellence. This paper examines the nature and the effects of change involved through the application of the CAA Standards as an organizational model of governance and provides recommendations as to how the model can be efficaciously implemented.

Keywords – Organizational culture; University governance; CAA standards; Education quality.
Eigenvalue topology of non-Hermitian band structures in two and three dimensions
Creators: name: Wojcik, Charles C.
name: Wang, Kai
name: Dutt, Avik
name: Zhong, Janet
name: Fan, Shanhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the band theory for non-Hermitian systems, the energy eigenvalues, which are complex, can exhibit non-trivial topology which is not present in Hermitian systems. In one dimension, it was recently noted theoretically and demonstrated experimentally that the eigenvalue topology is classified by the braid group. The classification of eigenvalue topology in higher dimensions, however, remained an open question. Here, we give a complete description of eigenvalue topology in two and three dimensional systems, including the gapped and gapless cases. We reduce the topological classification problem to a purely computational problem in algebraic topology. In two dimensions, the Brillouin zone torus is punctured by exceptional points, and each nontrivial loop in the punctured torus acquires a braid group invariant. These braids satisfy the constraint that the composite of the braids around the exceptional points is equal to the commutator of the braids on the fundamental cycles of the torus. In three dimensions, there are exceptional knots and links, and the classification depends on how they are embedded in the Brillouin zone three-torus. When the exceptional link is contained in a contractible ball, the classification can be expressed in terms of the knot group of the link. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of non-Hermitian eigenvalue topology in higher dimensional systems, and should be important for the further explorations of topologically robust open quantum and classical systems.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Migration and early population development of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in winter cereals
Creators: name: Klüken, A. Michael
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Population dynamics
subject: population models
subject: migration models
subject: winter-to-summer host ratio
subject: distance regulation
subject: microsatellite genotyping
subject: density dependence
subject: sample size
subject: sampling techniques
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

description: [no abstract]
Commuting elements in reductive groups and Higgs bundles on abelian varieties
Creators: name: Biswas, Indranil
name: Florentino, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let G be a connected real reductive algebraic group, and let K be a maximal compact subgroup of G. We prove that the conjugation orbit space Hom(Z^{2d},K)/K is a strong deformation retract of the space Hom(Z^{2d},G)/G of equivalence classes of representations of Z^{2d} into G. This is proved by showing that the homotopy type of the moduli space of principal G-Higgs bundles of vanishing rational characteristic classes on a complex abelian variety of dimension d depends only on K.
Performance of Geant4 in simulating semiconductor particle detector response in the energy range below 1 MeV
Creators: name: Soti, G.
name: Wauters, F.
name: Breitenfeldt, M.
name: Finlay, P.
name: Kraev, I. S.
name: Knecht, A.
name: Porobic, T.
name: Zákoucký, D.
name: Severijns, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geant4 simulations play a crucial role in the analysis and interpretation of experiments providing low energy precision tests of the Standard Model. This paper focuses on the accuracy of the description of the electron processes in the energy range between 100 and 1000 keV. The effect of the different simulation parameters and multiple scattering models on the backscattering coefficients is investigated. Simulations of the response of HPGe and passivated implanted planar Si detectors to β particles are compared to experimental results. An overall good agreement is found between Geant4 simulations and experimental data.
Evolution of entanglement entropy in strongly correlated bosons in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Yamashika, Shion
name: Kagamihara, Daichi
name: Yoshii, Ryosuke
name: Tsuchiya, Shunji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the time evolution of the second-order Rényi entropy (RE) for bosons in a one-dimensional optical lattice following a sudden quench of the hopping amplitude $J$. Specifically, we examine systems that are quenched into the strongly correlated Mott-insulating (MI) regime with $J/U\ll 1$ ($U$ denotes the strength of the on-site repulsive interaction) from the MI limit with $J=0$. In this regime, the low-energy excited states can be effectively described by fermionic quasiparticles known as doublons and holons. They are excited in entangled pairs through the quench dynamics. By developing an effective theory, we derive a direct relation between the RE and correlation functions associated with doublons and holons. This relation allows us to analytically calculate the RE and obtain a physical picture for the RE, both in the ground state and during time evolution through the quench dynamics, in terms of doublon holon pairs. In particular, we show that the RE is proportional to the population of doublon-holon pairs that span the boundary of the subsystem. Our quasiparticle picture introduces some remarkable features that are absent in previous studies on the dynamics of entanglement entropy in free-fermion models. It provides with valuable insights into the dynamics of entanglement entropy in strongly-correlated systems.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Vibrational state inversion of a Bose-Einstein condensate: optimal control and state tomography
Creators: name: Bücker, Robert
name: Berrada, Tarik
name: van Frank, Sandrine
name: Schaff, Jean-François
name: Schumm, Thorsten
name: Schmiedmayer, Jörg
name: Jäger, Georg
name: Grond, Julian
name: Hohenester, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present theoretical and experimental results on high-fidelity transfer of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate into its first vibrationally excited eigenstate. The excitation is driven by mechanical motion of the trap, along a trajectory obtained from optimal control theory. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is found over a large range of parameters. We develop an approximate model to map the dynamics of the many-body condensate wave function to a driven two-level system.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures
title: Paul Steiner, Vorzeitburgen des Hochwaldes
Creators: name: Kutsch, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Rezension zu: Paul Steiner, Vorzeitburgen des Hochwaldes. Veröffentlichung des Vereins für Mosel, Hochwald und Hunsrück e. V. Kommissionsverlag J. Lintz, Trier 1932. 100 S., 45 Abb. und Pläne.
On Advances, Challenges and Potentials of Remote Sensing Image Analysis in Marine Debris and Suspected Plastics Monitoring
Creators: name: Karakuş, Oktay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Marine plastic pollution is an emerging environmental problem since it pollutes the ocean, air and food whilst endangering the ocean wildlife via the ingestion and entanglements. During the last decade, an enormous effort has been spent on finding possible solutions to marine plastic pollution. Remote sensing imagery sits in a crucial place for these efforts since it provides informative earth observation products, and the current technology offers further essential development. Despite the advances in the last decade, there is still a way to go for marine plastic monitoring research where challenges are rarely highlighted. This paper contributes to the literature with a critical review and aims to highlight literature milestones in marine debris and suspected plastics (MD&SP) monitoring by promoting the computational imaging methodology behind these approaches along with detailed discussions on challenges and potential future research directions.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures
Why people like or dislike large wood in rivers : a representative survey of the general public in Germany
Creators: name: Gapinski, Cedric Mats
name: Hermes, Johannes
name: Haaren, Christina Von
Publisher: name: Chichester : John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: choice experiment
subject: flooding experience
subject: general public
subject: large wood
subject: online survey
subject: river landscapes
subject: river restoration
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: For the restoration of medium and small rivers, the reintroduction of large wood (LW) is crucial. Despite the wide communication of the ecological key functions of LW, residents rejected its reintroduction in a restoration project at the river Mulde (Dessau-Roßlau, Germany). To determine whether this is a local or widespread phenomenon in Germany, we investigated (a) the German population's attitude toward LW, (b) preferred quantities of LW introduction, and (c) the effects of flood experiences and other sociodemographic characteristics on these preferences. We conducted a nationwide and representative online survey (n = 2,100), including rating-scale statements and a choice experiment (CE). Regarding the rating statements, we found that a majority of respondents (57–67%) is convinced of the advantages of LW reintroduction. However, 47–60% considered LW to be dangerous for canoeists or during floods. For the CE (n = 743), we defined an LW attribute and added information on possible effects. Conditional logit models showed a strong preference for the highest amount of LW, with an odds ratio 5.47 times higher than for the status quo without LW. We also found that personal flood experiences reduce the preferred LW quantities. In contrast, females, higher educational levels, the youngest and oldest age groups, and especially frequent river visitors preferred higher LW amounts. Since the commitment of young people to environmental issues is currently increasing, we believe that specific environmental education opportunities for this group located along the river can contribute significantly to increase acceptance. © 2020 The Authors. River Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Characterization of phosphofructokinase B-type kinases from Arabidopsis thaliana leading to the identification of a plastid inosine kinase
Creators: name: Chen, Xiaoguang
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: PfkB kinases
subject: inosine kinase
subject: purine de novo biosynthesis
subject: nucleotide metabolism
subject: Arabidopsis
subject: PfkB-Kinasen
subject: Inosin-Kinase
subject: Purin-de-novo-Biosynthese
subject: Nukleotid-Stoffwechsel
subject: Arabidopsis thaliana
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: Nucleotide metabolism is vital for plant development and dependent on the support of various enzymes including the phosphofructokinase B-type (PfkB) sugar kinases. Although some PfkB kinases such as adenosine kinase (ADK), ribokinase (RBSK), and pseudouridine kinase (PUKI) have been successfully identified and characterized in recent years, much is still unknown about these kinases. In this study, PfkB kinases from Arabidopsis thaliana were functionally screened leading to the identification of a plastid inosine kinase (PINK) that is involved in the feedback regulation of de novo purine synthesis and of kinase 6-2 (K6-2), which may be involved in negative regulation of purine synthesis. According to bioinformatic analyses, PINK is highly conserved in the plant kingdom, Subcellular localization and in vitro kinase activity analyses revealed that PINK is a plastid kinase that phosphorylates inosine, uridine, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr). Furthermore, metabolite analysis was performed of Arabidopsis seedlings in which PINK expression was varied, which showed that PINK is not only involved in the inosine salvage but also likely contributes to feedback inhibition of de novo purine biosynthesis by regulating the plastid IMP pool. Moreover, PINK is possibly involved in pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis, at least in the context of defective uridine degradation. Additionally, another member of the PfkB family, kinase 6-2 (K6-2) was partially characterized in this work. K6-2 is localized in the chloroplast and in vitro biochemical analysis showed that K6-2 can phosphorylate AICAr, inosine, and guanosine. Furthermore, an in vivo functional study suggested that K6-2 is a negative regulator of purine de novo biosynthesis, as the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides was enhanced in the knock-down mutant of K6-2. Moreover, the reduced expression of K6-2 in Arabidopsis led to a phenotype that involved yellowing and suppressed leaf growth.
Constraints on Evolutionary Timescales for M Dwarf Planets from Dynamical Stability Arguments
Creators: name: Teixeira, Katie
name: Ballard, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diversity of dynamical conditions among exoplanets is now well established. Yet, the relevance of orbital dynamical timescales to biological evolutionary timescales is poorly understood. Given that even minor orbital changes may place significant pressure on any organisms living on a planet, dynamical sculpting has important implications for the putative evolution of life. In this manuscript, we employ a Monte Carlo framework to investigate how a range of exoplanetary dynamical sculpting timescales affects timescales for biological evolution. We proceed with minimal assumptions for how dynamical sculpting proceeds and the emergence and persistence of life. We focus our investigation on M dwarf stars, the most common exoplanetary hosts in the Milky Way. We assign dynamical statuses, dependent on stellar age, to a suite of planetary systems, varying the rate of dynamical disruption within limits that are consistent with present-day planet demographics. We then simulate the observed yield of planets according to the completeness of NASA's Kepler and TESS missions, and investigate the properties of these samples. With this simplified approach, we find that systems hosting multiple transiting planets ought to have, on average, shorter dynamically-uninterrupted intervals than single-transiting systems. However, depending upon the rate of dynamical sculpting, planets orbiting older stars will exhibit the opposite trend. Even modest constraints on stellar age would help identify "older" stars for which this holds. The degree of these effects varies, dependent upon both the intrinsic dynamical demographics of exoplanets and whether we consider planets detected by NASA's Kepler or TESS missions.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, 1 table, published in ApJ in Aug 2023
Nature-based recreation for the elderly in urban areas: assessing opportunities and demand as planning support
Creators: name: Wen, Chen
name: Albert, Christian
name: Von Haaren, Christina
Publisher: name: Heidelberg : SpringerOpen
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: GIS mapping
subject: Landscape architecture
subject: Nature-based recreation
subject: Population aging
subject: Sustainability
subject: Urban design
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: Background: With elderly people comprising a growing share of the population, landscape planners need to consider their specific requirements to enhance the opportunities for them to engage in nature-based recreation (NBR). However, few studies have spatially assessed the recreation potential, demand, and opportunities for elderly people in cities. Thus, this paper aimed to spatially model and investigate the NBR opportunities for and demand of elderly people in urban areas. A spatial framework based on the ESTIMAP recreation model was developed, considering special factors to better reflect elderly people’s preferences regarding NBR at the city scale. In particular, NBR opportunities were assessed considering landscape aesthetics, various types of facilities, and proximity. The street network was used to understand elderly people’s walking behaviours regarding green spaces and related facilities. Results: A case study in Hannover, Germany, demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method. The results illustrate the spatial heterogeneity of recreation options for the elderly. Only parts of Hannover’s green spaces offer high recreation opportunities for elderly people. Many of the existing green spaces lack diverse landscape components and sufficient supply of facilities, resulting in a compromise to aesthetics and recreational opportunities. Conclusions: The proposed method contributes to research on spatial planning and environmental justice by incorporating vulnerable groups’ preferences and needs in spatially assessing NBR. The planning implications highlight pocket gardens and greenways connecting communities and parks as development opportunities in the city. © 2022, The Author(s).
Study of vibrational kinetics of CO2 and CO in CO2-O2 plasmas under non-equilibrium conditions
Creators: name: Fromentin, C.
name: Silva, T.
name: Dias, T. C.
name: Morillo-Candas, A. S.
name: Biondo, O.
name: Guaitella, O.
name: Guerra, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work explores the effect of O2 addition on CO2 dissociation and on the vibrational kinetics of CO2 and CO under various non-equilibrium plasma conditions. A self-consistent model, previously validated for pure CO2 discharges, is further extended by adding the vibrational kinetics of CO, including electron impact excitation and de-excitation (e-V), vibration-to-translation relaxation (V-T) and vibration-to-vibration energy exchange (V-V) processes. The vibrational kinetics considered include levels up to v = 10 for CO and up to v1=2 and v2=v3=5, respectively for the symmetric stretch, bending and asymmetric stretch modes of CO2, and accounts for e-V, V-T in collisions between CO, CO2 and O2 molecules and O atoms and V-V processes involving all possible transfers involving CO2 and CO molecules. The kinetic scheme is validated by comparing the model predictions with recent experimental data measured in a DC glow discharge, operating at pressures in the range 0.4 - 5 Torr (53.33 - 666.66 Pa). The experimental results show a lower vibrational temperature of the different modes of CO2 and a decreased dissociation fraction of CO2 when O2 is added to the plasma but an increase of the vibrational temperature of CO. On the one hand, the simulations suggest that the former effect is the result of the stronger V-T energy-transfer collisions with O atoms which leads to an increase of the relaxation of the CO2 vibrational modes; On the other hand, the back reactions with O2 contribute to the lower CO2 dissociation fraction with increased O2 content in the mixture.
description: 34 pages 15 figures
Switching dynamics of femtosecond solitons in parity-time-symmetric coupled optical waveguides
Creators: name: Sahoo, Ambaresh
name: Mahato, Dipti Kanika
name: Govindarajan, A.
name: Sarma, Amarendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a detailed study on soliton steering dynamics in a parity-time-symmetric directional coupler in the femtosecond domain, which requires incorporation of higher-order perturbative effects such as third-order and fourth-order dispersions, self-steepening, and intrapulse Raman scattering. With a high gain/loss, the combination of all these effects is found to stabilize the soliton pulse evolution in the coupler from the chaotic behavior of unperturbed evolution. This work demonstrates that efficient soliton steering can be achieved at very low critical power and a relatively higher gain/loss even in the femtosecond regime.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, Accepted in Phys. Rev. A
Follow the Leader If You Can, Hedge If You Must
Creators: name: de Rooij, Steven
name: van Erven, Tim
name: Grünwald, Peter D.
name: Koolen, Wouter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Follow-the-Leader (FTL) is an intuitive sequential prediction strategy that guarantees constant regret in the stochastic setting, but has terrible performance for worst-case data. Other hedging strategies have better worst-case guarantees but may perform much worse than FTL if the data are not maximally adversarial. We introduce the FlipFlop algorithm, which is the first method that provably combines the best of both worlds. As part of our construction, we develop AdaHedge, which is a new way of dynamically tuning the learning rate in Hedge without using the doubling trick. AdaHedge refines a method by Cesa-Bianchi, Mansour and Stoltz (2007), yielding slightly improved worst-case guarantees. By interleaving AdaHedge and FTL, the FlipFlop algorithm achieves regret within a constant factor of the FTL regret, without sacrificing AdaHedge's worst-case guarantees. AdaHedge and FlipFlop do not need to know the range of the losses in advance; moreover, unlike earlier methods, both have the intuitive property that the issued weights are invariant under rescaling and translation of the losses. The losses are also allowed to be negative, in which case they may be interpreted as gains.
description: under submission
Multiple super-resolution imaging from Mikaelian lens to generalized Maxwell's fish-eye lens
Creators: name: Zhou, Yangyang
name: Chen, Huanyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Super-resolution imaging is vital for optical applications, such as high capacity information transmission, real-time bio-molecular imaging and nanolithography. Technology and method of super-resolution imaging have attracted much attention. In recent years, different kinds of novel lens, from the superlens to the super-oscillatory lens, has been designed and fabricated to break out the diffraction limit. However, the effect of the super-resolution imaging in these lenses is not satisfactory due to intrinsic loss, aberration, bigger sidebands and single super-resolution imaging. In this research, we introduce the solid immersion mechanism to Mikaelian lens (ML) for multiple super-resolution imaging.
Bidirectional Growth based Mining and Cyclic Behaviour Analysis of Web Sequential Patterns
Creators: name: Srikantaiah, K. C.
name: Kumar, N. Krishna
name: Venugopal, K. R.
name: Patnaik, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Web sequential patterns are important for analyzing and understanding users behaviour to improve the quality of service offered by the World Wide Web. Web Prefetching is one such technique that utilizes prefetching rules derived through Cyclic Model Analysis of the mined Web sequential patterns. The more accurate the prediction and more satisfying the results of prefetching if we use a highly efficient and scalable mining technique such as the Bidirectional Growth based Directed Acyclic Graph. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm called Bidirectional Growth based mining Cyclic behavior Analysis of web sequential Patterns (BGCAP) that effectively combines these strategies to generate prefetching rules in the form of 2-sequence patterns with Periodicity and threshold of Cyclic Behaviour that can be utilized to effectively prefetch Web pages, thus reducing the users perceived latency. As BGCAP is based on Bidirectional pattern growth, it performs only (log n+1) levels of recursion for mining n Web sequential patterns. Our experimental results show that prefetching rules generated using BGCAP is 5-10 percent faster for different data sizes and 10-15% faster for a fixed data size than TD-Mine. In addition, BGCAP generates about 5-15 percent more prefetching rules than TD-Mine.
description: 19 pages
Influence of triaxiality on the description of low-energy excitation spectrum of $^{96}$Zr
Creators: name: Mardyban, E. V.
name: Shneidman, T. M.
name: Kolganova, E. A.
name: Jolos, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed properties of the low-lying collective states of $^{96}$Zr are investigated within the geometrical collective model. The quadrupole-collective Bohr Hamiltonian with the potential having spherical and axially-symmetric deformed minima is applied. The role of triaxiality is investigated by rotating the potential in $γ$-degree of freedom so that the deformed minimum occurs at various axially asymmetric shapes. The change of excitation energies and reduced matrix elements of quadrupole transitions with increase of triaxiliaty is analyzed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: A Study of Decision Making the Case of Brown and Root, Inc.
Creators: name: Springle, Mary Blossom
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1979

description: The process of community decision making has been examined by many theorists in the field of political science. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the case of Brown and Root, Inc., a marine fabrication industry that hoped to construct a large plant in the rural town of Cape Charles, Virginia. The industry underwent a lengthy decision-making process before a final decision was made.

This case was selected because a wide variety of factors affected the ultimate outcome of the decision-making process. Because the decision-making process covered a five year time span in this case, it includes more factors than some decisions. Therefore, it allows the researcher to examine many factors in decision making while studying a single case. The case study is presented in a chronology, compiled from written records of the case and personal interviews. The findings of this case were compared to the findings in the literature reviewed to determine which factors influenced the decision-making process in this case.