cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-precision spectroscopy of ultracold molecules in an optical lattice
Creators: name: McGuyer, B. H.
name: McDonald, M.
name: Iwata, G. Z.
name: Tarallo, M. G.
name: Grier, A. T.
name: Apfelbeck, F.
name: Zelevinsky, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of ultracold molecules tightly trapped in an optical lattice can expand the frontier of precision measurement and spectroscopy, and provide a deeper insight into molecular and fundamental physics. Here we create, probe, and image microkelvin $^{88}$Sr$_2$ molecules in a lattice, and demonstrate precise measurements of molecular parameters as well as coherent control of molecular quantum states using optical fields. We discuss the sensitivity of the system to dimensional effects, a new bound-to-continuum spectroscopy technique for highly accurate binding energy measurements, and prospects for new physics with this rich experimental system.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Mathematical Representation of Clausius' and Kelvin's Statements of the Second Law and Irreversibility
Creators: name: Wang, Yue
name: Qian, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J25, 60J60, 82B30

description: We provide a stochastic mathematical representation for Clausius' and Kelvin-Planck's statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in terms of the entropy productions of a finite, compact driven Markov system and its lift. A surjective map is rigorously established through the lift when the state space is either a discrete graph or a continuous n-dimensional torus T^n. The corresponding lifted processes have detailed balance thus a natural potential function but no stationary probability. We show that in the long-time limit the entropy production of the finite driven system precisely equals the potential energy decrease in the lifted system. This theorem provides a dynamic foundation for the two equivalent statements of Second Law of Thermodynamics, a la Kelvin's and Clausius'. It suggests a modernized, combined statement: "A mesoscopic engine that works in completing irreversible internal cycles statistically has necessarily an external effect that lowering a weight accompanied by passing heat from a warmer to a colder body."
Liquidity costs: a new numerical methodology and an empirical study
Creators: name: Michel, Christophe
name: Reutenauer, Victor
name: Talay, Denis
name: Tanré, Etienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We consider rate swaps which pay a fixed rate against a floating rate in presence of bid-ask spread costs. Even for simple models of bid-ask spread costs, there is no explicit strategy optimizing an expected function of the hedging error. We here propose an efficient algorithm based on the stochastic gradient method to compute an approximate optimal strategy without solving a stochastic control problem. We validate our algorithm by numerical experiments. We also develop several variants of the algorithm and discuss their performances in terms of the numerical parameters and the liquidity cost.
The dual of compact ordered spaces is a variety
Creators: name: Abbadini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 03C05. Secondary: 08A65, 18B30, 18C10, 54A05, 54F05

description: In a recent paper (2018), D. Hofmann, R. Neves and P. Nora proved that the dual of the category of compact partially ordered spaces and monotone continuous maps is a quasi-variety - not finitary, but bounded by $\aleph_1$. An open question was: is it also a variety? We show that the answer is affirmative. We describe the variety by means of a set of finitary operations, together with an operation of countably infinite arity, and equational axioms. The dual equivalence is induced by the dualizing object [0,1].
A 2-year young adult obesity prevention trial in the US: Process evaluation results
Creators: name: Petrich, Christine A.
name: Laska, Melissa N.
name: Sevcik, Sarah M.
name: Moe, Stacey G.
name: Lytle, Leslie A.
name: Linde, Jennifer A.
name: Nanney, Marilyn S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Our objective was to conduct a process evaluation of the CHOICES (Choosing Healthy Options in College Environments and Settings) study, a large, randomized, controlled trial designed to prevent unhealthy weight gain in young adults (aged 18–35) attending 2-year community colleges in the USA. The 24-month intervention consisted of participation in an academic course and a social networking and support website. Among intervention participants, completion rates for most course activities were >80%, reflecting a high level of dose received. Course retention and participant satisfaction were also high. Engagement results, however, were mixed with less than half of participants in the online and hybrid sections of the course reporting that they interacted with course materials ≥3 h/week, but 50–75% reporting that they completed required lessons ‘all/very thoroughly’. Engagement in the website activities was also mixed with more than half of intervention participants logging onto the website during the first month, but then declining to 25–40% during the following 23 months of the intervention. Intervention engagement is a challenge of online interventions and a challenge of working with the young adult age group in general. Additional research is needed to explore strategies to support engagement among this population, particularly for relatively long intervention durations.
ТИЖОРАТ БАНКЛАРИДА КАПИТАЛ МОНАНДЛИГИГА ҚЎЙИЛГАН ТАЛАБЛАР ВА УНИ ТАЪМИНЛАШДА РИСКЛИ АКТИВЛАР АҲАМИЯТИ
Creators: name: Рашидов, Ўткир
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ушбу мақолада банклари капитали таркиби, унинг монандлиги бўйича талаблари, рискли активлар хакида маълумотлар келтирилган. Шунингдек базел талабларини Ўзбекистон тижорат банкларида қўлланилиши, хатарли ва хатарсиз активлри салмоғи орқали банкларнинг даромадини ошириш кабилар ёритиб ўтилган.
On phase diagram and the pseudogap state in a linear chiral homopolymer model
Creators: name: Sinelnikova, A.
name: Niemi, A. J.
name: Ulybyshev, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The phase structure of a homopolymer chain is investigated in terms of a universal theoretical model, designed to describe the infrared limit of slow spatial variations. The effects of chirality are studied and compared with the influence of a short-range attractive interaction between monomers, at various ambient temperature values. In the high temperature limit the homopolymer chain is in the self-avoiding random walk phase. But at low temperatures, two different phases are possible: When short-range attractive interactions dominate over chirality, the chain collapses into a space- filling conformation. But when the attractive interactions become weaker, there is a low temperature unfolding transition and the chain becomes like a straight rod. Between the high temperature and low temperature limits, several intermediate states are observed. For sufficiently high values of short-range attraction, the conventional θ-regime is observed between the self-avoiding random walk phase and the space filling collapsed phase. But when chirality increases, there is a trasition from the θ-regime to a pseudogap state. Moreover, a regime akin the θ-regime is identified between the pseudogap state, and the low temperature phase where the chain is like a straight rod. Applications to polymers and proteins, in particular collagen, are suggested.
description: Journal version of the paper, published in Phys. Rev. E
Efficient quantum and simulated annealing of Potts models using a half-hot constraint
Creators: name: Okada, Shuntaro
name: Ohzeki, Masayuki
name: Tanaka, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Potts model is a generalization of the Ising model with $Q>2$ components. In the fully connected ferromagnetic Potts model, a first-order phase transition is induced by varying thermal fluctuations. Therefore, the computational time required to obtain the ground states by simulated annealing exponentially increases with the system size. This study analytically confirms that the transverse magnetic-field quantum annealing induces a first-order phase transition. This result implies that quantum annealing does not exponentially accelerate the ground-state search of the ferromagnetic Potts model. To avoid the first-order phase transition, we propose an iterative optimization method using a half-hot constraint that is applicable to both quantum and simulated annealing. In the limit of $Q \to \infty$, a saddle point equation under the half-hot constraint is identical to the equation describing the behavior of the fully connected ferromagnetic Ising model, thus confirming a second-order phase transition. Furthermore, we verify the same relation between the fully connected Potts glass model and the Sherrington--Kirkpatrick model under assumptions of static approximation and replica symmetric solution. The proposed method is expected to obtain low-energy states of the Potts models with high efficiency using Ising-type computers such as the D-Wave quantum annealer and the Fujitsu Digital Annealer.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures
Generic feedback for students resume and cover letter
Creators: name: Mosbergen, Rowland
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Human resources management

description: This is a guide to the consisten suggestions I make to students who submit resumes to the RCP student internship program. This may be of benefit to other students as well.
 It should be noted that when I suggest improvements for a resume I am treating it as if I was hiring you for a paid role, not for an unpaid internship where you get course credit. This means the criteria for a good resume and cover letter is much higher.
 I should also point out that everyone has a different opinion about cover letters and resumes. I can only give you my opinion. I know colleagues in the industry have different views.
Recurrent Neural Networks For Accurate RSSI Indoor Localization
Creators: name: Hoang, Minh Tu
name: Yuen, Brosnan
name: Dong, Xiaodai
name: Lu, Tao
name: Westendorp, Robert
name: Reddy, Kishore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes recurrent neuron networks (RNNs) for a fingerprinting indoor localization using WiFi. Instead of locating user's position one at a time as in the cases of conventional algorithms, our RNN solution aims at trajectory positioning and takes into account the relation among the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements in a trajectory. Furthermore, a weighted average filter is proposed for both input RSSI data and sequential output locations to enhance the accuracy among the temporal fluctuations of RSSI. The results using different types of RNN including vanilla RNN, long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU) and bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) are presented. On-site experiments demonstrate that the proposed structure achieves an average localization error of $0.75$ m with $80\%$ of the errors under $1$ m, which outperforms the conventional KNN algorithms and probabilistic algorithms by approximately $30\%$ under the same test environment.
description: Received signal strength indicator (RSSI), WiFi indoor localization, recurrent neuron network (RNN), long shortterm memory (LSTM), fingerprint-based localization
Fast and Robust Algorithm for the Energy Minimization of Spin Systems Applied in an Analysis of High Temperature Spin Configurations in Terms of Skyrmion Density
Creators: name: Ivanov, Aleksei V.
name: Uzdin, Valery M.
name: Jónsson, Hannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An algorithm for the minimization of the energy of magnetic systems is presented and applied to the analysis of thermal configurations of a ferromagnet to identify inherent structures, i.e. the nearest local energy minima, as a function of temperature. Over a rather narrow temperature interval, skyrmions appear and reach a high temperature limit for the skyrmion density. In addition, the performance of the algorithm is further demonstrated in a self-consistent field calculation of a skyrmion in an itinerant magnet. The algorithm is based on a geometric approach in which the curvature of the spherical domain is taken into account and as a result the length of the magnetic moments is preserved in every iteration. In the limit of infinitesimal rotations, the minimization path coincides with that obtained using damped spin dynamics while the use of limited-memory quasi-newton minimization algorithms, such as the limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (LBFGS) algorithm, significantly accelerates the convergence.
Using Tracker to understand toss up and free fall motion: a case study
Creators: name: Wee, Loo Kang
name: Tan, Kim Kia
name: Leong, Tze Kwang
name: Tan, Ching
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports the use of Tracker as a pedagogical tool in supporting effective learning and teaching of toss up and free fall motion for beginning grade 9 students. This is a case study with (N=123) students of express-pure physics classes in a mainstream school in Singapore where we used a 8 multi-choice questions as a proxy to assess learning gains in pre and posttest to gauge the impact on learning. We found within experimental group gains with Cohens effect size d = 0.79 error 0.23 (large effect) and normalized gains with a gradient of g total = 0.42 error 0.08 (medium gain) above the traditional baseline value of g non interactive=0.23 for all the 6 teachers, 3 classes of students who participated in this study. Initial research findings suggest that allowing learners to relate abstract physics concepts to real life through coupling traditional video analysis and eventually video modeling could be an innovative and effective way to learn free fall motion. Finally, we discuss the pedagogical use of Tracker to extend the learning of free fall by means of allowing students to construct simple dynamic particle models for scenarios that are difficult to visualize their velocity versus time graphs such as 2 cases compare to tossing up a ball with a) with a greater force on Earth and b) with the same force on Moons surface. 2015 Resource: http://iwant2study.org/ospsg/index.php/interactive-resources/physics/02-newtonian-mechanics/01-kinematics/151-ball-toss-up
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, journal paper for Physics Education Open Access
Development of theory-based health messages: three-phase programme of formative research
Creators: name: Webb, Thomas
name: Harris, Peter
name: Norman, Paul
name: Sheeran, Paschal
name: Snowsill, F. Alexandra
name: Epton, Tracy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Online health behaviour interventions have great potential but their effectiveness may be hindered by a lack of formative and theoretical work. This paper describes the process of formative research to develop theoretically and empirically based health messages that are culturally relevant and can be used in an online intervention to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours among new university students. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, a three-phase programme of formative research was conducted with prospective and current undergraduate students to identify (i) modal salient beliefs (the most commonly held beliefs) about fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, binge drinking and smoking, (ii) which beliefs predicted intentions/behaviour and (iii) reasons underlying each of the beliefs that could be targeted in health messages. Phase 1, conducted with 96 pre-university college students, elicited 56 beliefs about the behaviours. Phase 2, conducted with 3026 incoming university students, identified 32 of these beliefs that predicted intentions/behaviour. Phase 3, conducted with 627 current university students, elicited 102 reasons underlying the 32 beliefs to be used to construct health messages to bolster or challenge these beliefs. The three-phase programme of formative research provides researchers with an example of how to develop health messages with a strong theoretical- and empirical base for use in health behaviour change interventions.
Generic feedback for students resume and cover letter
Creators: name: Mosbergen, Rowland
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Human resources management

description: This is a guide to the consisten suggestions I make to students who submit resumes to the RCP student internship program. This may be of benefit to other students as well who.
 It should be noted that when I suggest improvements for a resume I am treating it as if I was hiring you for a paid role, not for an unpaid internship where you get course credit. This means the criteria for a good resume and cover letter is much higher.
 I should also point out that everyone has a different opinion about cover letters and resumes. I can only give you my opinion. I know colleagues in the industry have different views.
Potential barrier heights at metal on oxygen-terminated diamond interfaces
Creators: name: Muret, Pierre
name: Traoré, Aboulaye
name: Maréchal, Aurélien
name: Eon, David
name: Pernot, Julien
name: Pinero, José Carlos
name: Villar, Maria del Pilar
name: Araujo, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrical properties of metal-semiconductor (M/SC) and metal/oxide/SC structures built with Zr or ZrO\_2 deposited on oxygen-terminated surfaces of (001)-oriented diamond films, comprising a stack of lightly p-doped diamond on a heavily doped layer itself homoepitaxially grown on a Ib substrate, are investigated experimentally and compared to different models. In Schottky barrier diodes, the interfacial oxide layer evidenced by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy losses spectroscopy before and after annealing, and barrier height inhomogeneities accounts for the measured electrical characteristics until flat bands are reached, in accordance with a model which generalizes that of R.T. Tung [Phys. Rev. B 45, 13509 (1992)] and permits to extract physically meaningful parameters of the three kinds of interface: (a) unannealed ones; (b) annealed at 350{\textdegree}C; (c) annealed at 450{\textdegree}C, with characteristic barrier heights of 2.2-2.5 V in case (a) while as low as 0.96 V in case (c). Possible models of potential barriers for several metals deposited on well defined oxygen-terminated diamond surfaces are discussed and compared to experimental data. It is concluded that interface dipoles of several kinds present at these compound interfaces and their chemical evolution due to annealing are the suitable ingredients able to account for the Mott-Schottky behavior when the effect of the metal work function is ignored, and to justify the reverted slope observed regarding metal work function, in contrast to the trend always reported for all other metal-semiconductor interfaces.
Efficient partition of integer optimization problems with one-hot encoding
Creators: name: Okada, Shuntaro
name: Ohzeki, Masayuki
name: Taguchi, Shinichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum annealing is a heuristic algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems, and D-Wave Systems Inc. has developed hardware for implementing this algorithm. The current version of the D-Wave quantum annealer can solve unconstrained binary optimization problems with a limited number of binary variables, although cost functions of many practical problems are defined by a large number of integer variables. To solve these problems with the quantum annealer, the integer variables are generally binarized with one-hot encoding, and the binarized problem is partitioned into small subproblems. However, the entire search space of the binarized problem is considerably extended compared to that of the original integer problem and is dominated by unfeasible solutions. Therefore, to efficiently solve large optimization problems with one-hot encoding, partitioning methods that extract subproblems with as many feasible solutions as possible are required.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Bounding quantum gate error rate based on reported average fidelity
Creators: name: Sanders, Yuval R
name: Wallman, Joel J
name: Sanders, Barry C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Remarkable experimental advances in quantum computing are exemplified by recent announcements of impressive average gate fidelities exceeding 99.9% for single-qubit gates and 99% for two-qubit gates. Although these high numbers engender optimism that fault-tolerant quantum computing is within reach, the connection of average gate fidelity with fault-tolerance requirements is not direct. Here we use reported average gate fidelity to determine an upper bound on the quantum-gate error rate, which is the appropriate metric for assessing progress towards fault-tolerant quantum computation, and we demonstrate that this bound is asymptotically tight for general noise. Although this bound is unlikely to be saturated by experimental noise, we demonstrate using explicit examples that the bound indicates a realistic deviation between the true error rate and the reported average fidelity. We introduce the Pauli distance as a measure of this deviation, and we show that knowledge of the Pauli distance enables tighter estimates of the error rate of quantum gates.
description: New Journal of Physics Fast Track Communication. Gold open access journal
PROMIS Pediatric Peer Relationships Scale: Development of a peer relationships item bank as part of social health measurement.
Creators: name: DeWalt, Darren A.
name: Morgan DeWitt, Esi
name: Taylor, Olivia
name: Yeatts, Karin B.
name: Varni, James W.
name: Gross, Heather E.
name: Langer, Michelle M.
name: Lai, Jin-Shei
name: Thissen, David
name: Irwin, Debra E.
name: Stucky, Brian D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This study’s objective was to develop a measure of social health using item response theory as part of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).
Randomized controlled trial of a comprehensive home environment-focused weight-loss program for adults.
Creators: name: Maguire, Kimberly
name: Wing, Rena R.
name: Crane, Melissa
name: Fava, Joseph
name: Robichaud, Erica
name: Trautvetter, Jennifer
name: Gorin, Amy A.
name: Raynor, Hollie A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Behavioral weight loss programs (BWL) provide limited instruction on how to change the environmental context of weight-regulating behaviors, perhaps contributing to regain. Drawing on social ecological models, this trial evaluated a comprehensive weight loss program that targeted both an individual’s behavior and their physical and social home environment.
New English and Spanish social health measures will facilitate evaluating health determinants.
Creators: name: DeWalt, Darren A.
name: Cella, David
name: Correia, Helena
name: Bode, Rita K.
name: Garcia, Sofia F.
name: Hahn, Elizabeth A.
name: DeVellis, Robert F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: To develop psychometrically sound, culturally relevant and linguistically equivalent English and Spanish self-report measures of social health guided by a comprehensive conceptual model and applicable across chronic illnesses.
A Soft Range Limited K-Nearest Neighbours Algorithm for Indoor Localization Enhancement
Creators: name: Hoang, Minh Tu
name: Zhu, Yizhou
name: Yuen, Brosnan
name: Reese, Tyler
name: Dong, Xiaodai
name: Lu, Tao
name: Westendorp, Robert
name: Xie, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper proposes a soft range limited K nearest neighbours (SRL-KNN) localization fingerprinting algorithm. The conventional KNN determines the neighbours of a user by calculating and ranking the fingerprint distance measured at the unknown user location and the reference locations in the database. Different from that method, SRL-KNN scales the fingerprint distance by a range factor related to the physical distance between the user's previous position and the reference location in the database to reduce the spatial ambiguity in localization. Although utilizing the prior locations, SRL-KNN does not require knowledge of the exact moving speed and direction of the user. Moreover, to take into account of the temporal fluctuations of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), RSSI histogram is incorporated into the distance calculation. Actual on-site experiments demonstrate that the new algorithm achieves an average localization error of $0.66$ m with $80\%$ of the errors under $0.89$ m, which outperforms conventional KNN algorithms by $45\%$ under the same test environment.
description: Received signal strength indicator (RSSI), WiFi indoor localization, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), fingerprint-based localization
Racial differences in parenting style typologies and heavy episodic drinking trajectories.
Creators: name: McClernon, F. Joseph
name: Fuemmeler, Bernard F.
name: Clark, Trenette T.
name: Yang, Chongming
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This study examines racial differences between Caucasians and African Americans in the association of parenting style typologies with changes in heavy episodic drinking from adolescence to young adulthood.
MOESM2 of Treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia with multi-drug resistant organism by Buzhong Yiqi decoction based on Fuzheng Quxie classical prescription: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Deng, Dong
name: Zhenyi Chen
name: Liyang Jia
name: Jianhong Bu
name: Miaoqing Ye
name: Lihua Sun
name: Yun Gen
name: Zhang, Wen
name: Chen, Gang
name: Bangjiang Fang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. APECHA II scoring.
Involution pipe dreams
Creators: name: Hamaker, Zachary
name: Marberg, Eric
name: Pawlowski, Brendan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Involution Schubert polynomials represent cohomology classes of $K$-orbit closures in the complete flag variety, where $K$ is the orthogonal or symplectic group. We show they also represent $T$-equivariant cohomology classes of subvarieties defined by upper-left rank conditions in the spaces of symmetric or skew-symmetric matrices. This geometry implies that these polynomials are positive combinations of monomials in the variables $x_i + x_j$, and we give explicit formulas of this kind as sums over new objects called involution pipe dreams. Our formulas are analogues of the Billey-Jockusch-Stanley formula for Schubert polynomials. In Knutson and Miller's approach to matrix Schubert varieties, pipe dream formulas reflect Gröbner degenerations of the ideals of those varieties, and we conjecturally identify analogous degenerations in our setting.
description: 36 pages, 2 figures; v2: reordered Sections 4 and 5, added references and examples; v3: some corrections, added exposition; v4: minor corrections; v5: fixed typo in equation (6.3), final version
A stabilized sequential quadratic semidefinite programming method for degenerate nonlinear semidefinite programs
Creators: name: Yamakawa, Yuya
name: Okuno, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we propose a new sequential quadratic semidefinite programming (SQSDP) method for solving degenerate nonlinear semidefinite programs (NSDPs), in which we produce iteration points by solving a sequence of stabilized quadratic semidefinite programming (QSDP) subproblems, which we derive from the minimax problem associated with the NSDP. Unlike the existing SQSDP methods, the proposed one allows us to solve those QSDP subproblems inexactly, and each QSDP is feasible. One more remarkable point of the proposed method is that constraint qualifications (CQs) or boundedness of Lagrange multiplier sequences are not required in the global convergence analysis. Specifically, without assuming such conditions, we prove the global convergence to a point satisfying any of the following: the stationary conditions for the feasibility problem, the approximate-Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (AKKT) conditions, and the trace-AKKT conditions. Finally, we conduct some numerical experiments to examine the efficiency of the proposed method.
A Blow-up Dichotomy for Semilinear Fractional Heat Equations
Creators: name: Laister, Robert
name: Sierzega, Mikolaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We derive a blow-up dichotomy for positive solutions of fractional semilinear heat equations on the whole space. That is, within a certain class of convex source terms, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition on the source for all positive solutions to become unbounded in finite time. Moreover, we show that this condition is equivalent to blow-up of all positive solutions of a closely-related scalar ordinary differential equation.
description: 19 pages
A model of the influence of false-positive mammography screening results on subsequent screening
Creators: name: Brewer, Noel
name: DeFrank, Jessica T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Decades of empirical research have demonstrated psychological and behavioural consequences of false-positive medical tests. To organise this literature and offer novel predictions, we propose a model of how false-positive mammography results affect return for subsequent mammography screening. We propose that false-positive mammography results alter how women think about themselves (e.g., increasing their perceived likelihood of getting breast cancer) and the screening test (e.g., believing mammography test results are less accurate). We further hypothesise that thoughts elicited by the false-positive experience will, in turn, affect future use of screening mammography. In addition, we discuss methodological considerations for statistical analyses of these mediational pathways and propose two classes of potential moderators. While our model focuses on mammography screening, it may be applicable to psychological and behavioural responses to other screening tests. The model is especially timely as false-positive medical test results are increasingly common, due to efforts to increase uptake of cancer screening, new technologies that improve existing tests’ ability to detect disease at the cost of increased false alarms, and growing numbers of new medical tests.
Understanding resonance graphs using Easy Java Simulations (EJS) and why we use EJS
Creators: name: Wee, Loo Kang
name: Lee, Tat Leong
name: Chew, Charles
name: Wong, Darren
name: Tan, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports a computer model- simulation created using Easy Java Simulation (EJS) for learners to visualize how the steady-state amplitude of a driven oscillating system varies with the frequency of the periodic driving force. The simulation shows (N=100) identical spring-mass systems being subjected to (1) periodic driving force of equal amplitude but different driving frequencies and (2) different amount of damping. The simulation aims to create a visually intuitive way of understanding how the series of amplitude versus driving frequency graphs are obtained by showing how the displacement of the system changes over time as it transits from the transient to the steady state. A suggested how to use the model is added to help educators and students in their teaching and learning, where we explained the theoretical steady state equation, time conditions when the model starts allowing data recording of maximum amplitudes to closely match the theoretical equation and steps to collect different runs of degree of damping. We also discuss two design features in our computer model: A) displaying the instantaneous oscillation together with the achieved steady state amplitudes and B) explicit world view overlay with scientific representation with different degrees of damping runs. Three advantages of using EJS include 1) Open Source Codes and Creative Commons Attribution Licenses for scaling up of interactively engaging educational practices 2) models made can run on almost any device including Android and iOS and 3) allows for redefining physics educational practices through computer modeling. 2015 resource: http://iwant2study.org/ospsg/index.php/interactive-resources/physics/02-newtonian-mechanics/09-oscillations/88-shm24
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, Physics Education Journal
Goal setting and knowledge generation through health policy and systems research in low- and middle-income countries
Creators: name: Tran, Nhan T
name: Murthy, Bhavini
name: Ghaffar, Abdul
name: Xue, Jiayin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The importance of health policy and systems research (HPSR) and its role in aiding health system reforms has been increasingly recognized in recent years within the World Health Organization (WHO). An assessment of the 71 WHO Country Cooperation Strategies (CCS) that are publicly available and were published in English in 2012 was completed to determine the extent to which HPSR goals are incorporated at the global level. A review was then conducted using a Medline database search to determine the number of articles published by countries with HPSR goals. Sixty-six out of the 71 (93%) available CCS describe HPSR as an objective or strategy for achieving health system priorities. However, only 52 out of the 66 countries (79%) have any publications involving HPSR during their most recent CCS cycle. This suggests that although health systems strengthening through HPSR is increasingly emphasized by the WHO and country health ministries, actual HPSR progress may still be lacking. There is a need and an opportunity for the WHO and other global health agencies to focus on providing the necessary tools and building HPSR capacity in low- and middle-income countries.
Quality assurance as a managerial innovation: a research perspective.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1982

description: Quality assurance is defined and concepts from innovation theory are applied to the study of quality assurance programs. Two distinct although not mutually exclusive perspectives on innovation are considered--the diffusion perspective, focusing on the innovation itself and its implementation, and the adoption perspective, highlighting factors characteristic of the adoption unit (i.e., the organization or individuals within it) that facilitate or impede the adoption process. Directions for future research are suggested.
A method for constructing case-mix indexes, with application to hospital length of stay.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: This article presents the methodological development of an index for case-mix adjustment of hospital data exemplified by our construction of an index for studying length of stay. We describe the development and evaluation of this index, including internal and external validation procedures, and show an example of its use in a policy-relevant context by applying it to the analysis of length-of-stay differences between investor-owned and voluntary hospitals. Some advantages of this approach to adjusting for case mix are applicability to many hospital or patient output measurements/diagnostic scheme situations; usefulness in reducing heterogeneity in other case-mix adjustments, e.g., the Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) approach; interpretation possibilities; production of a single score for each patient/hospital; statistical approach allowing more accurate and reliable interpretation of hospital and patient output measurements, ability to deal with hospital deaths; and consideration of the complete set of secondary diagnoses. We also suggest other possible uses of this approach.
Consumer knowledge of Medicare and supplemental health insurance benefits.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: In this article, data from a recent study funded by the Health Care Financing Administration are used to examine the level of knowledge about health care insurance coverage among Medicare beneficiaries. Two related categories of this knowledge are analyzed: knowledge of the Medicare program itself and knowledge of supplemental health insurance policies owned by program beneficiaries. The results indicate that Medicare beneficiaries typically do not have high levels of knowledge either about Medicare or about their supplemental health insurance. Also analyzed are the factors that affect knowledge levels.
Lost-customers approximation of semi-open queueing networks with backordering -- An application to minimise the number of robots in robotic mobile fulfilment systems
Creators: name: Otten, Sonja
name: Krenzler, Ruslan
name: Xie, Lin
name: Daduna, Hans
name: Kruse, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K25 (Primary), 90B22, 90C59, 90B05 (Secondary)

description: We consider a semi-open queueing network (SOQN), where a customer requires exactly one resource from the resource pool for service. If there is a resource available, the customer is immediately served and the resource enters an inner network. If there is no resource available, the new customer has to wait in an external queue until one becomes available ("backordering"). When a resource exits the inner network, it is returned to the resource pool and waits for another customer. In this paper, we present a new solution approach. To approximate the inner network with the resource pool of the SOQN, we consider a modification, where newly arriving customers will decide not to join the external queue and are lost if the resource pool is empty "lost customers". We prove that we can adjust the arrival rate of the modified system so that the throughputs in each node are pairwise identical to those in the original network. We also prove that the probabilities that the nodes with constant service rates are idling are pairwise identical too. Moreover, we provide a closed-form expression for these throughputs and probabilities of idle nodes. To approximate the external queue of the SOQN with backordering, we construct a reduced SOQN with backordering, where the inner network consists only of one node, by using Norton's theorem and results from the lost-customers modification. In a final step, we use the closed-form solution of this reduced SOQN, to estimate the performance of the original SOQN. We apply our results to robotic mobile fulfilment systems (RMFSs). Instead of sending pickers to the storage area to search for the ordered items and pick them, robots carry shelves with ordered items from the storage area to picking stations. We model the RMFS as an SOQN, analyse its stability and determine the minimal number of robots for such systems using the results from the first part.
The assessment of health policy changes using the time-reversed crossover design.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: The time-reversed crossover design is a quasi-experimental design which can be applied to evaluate the impact of a change in health policy on a large population. This design makes use of separate sampling and analysis strategies to improve the validity of conclusions drawn from such an evaluation. The properties of the time-reversed crossover design are presented including the use of stratification on outcome in the sampling stage, which is intended to improve external validity. It is demonstrated that, although this feature of the design introduces internal validity threats due to regression toward the mean in extreme-outcome strata, these effects can be measured and eliminated from the test of significance of treatment effects. Methods for within- and across-stratum estimation and hypothesis-testing are presented which are similar to those which have been developed for the traditional two-period crossover design widely used in clinical trials. The procedures are illustrated using data derived from a study conducted by the United Mine Workers of America Health and Retirement Funds to measure the impact of cost-sharing on health care utilization among members of its health plan.
Granularity Controlled Non-Saturating Linear Magneto-resistance in Topological Insulator Bi2Te3 Films
Creators: name: Wang, Z. H.
name: Yang, L.
name: Li, X. J.
name: Zhao, X. T.
name: Wang, H. L.
name: Zhang, Z. D.
name: Gao, Xuan P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the magneto-transport properties of chemical vapor deposition grown films of interconnected Bi2Te3 nanoplates. Similar to many other topological insulator (TI) materials, these granular Bi2Te3 films exhibit a linear magneto-resistance (LMR) effect which has received much recent attention. Studying samples with different degree of granularity, we find a universal correlation between the magnitude of the LMR and the average mobility () of the films over nearly two orders of magnitude change of . The granularity controlled LMR effect here is attributed to the mobility fluctuation induced classical LMR according to the Parish-Littlewood theory. These findings have implications to both the fundamental understanding and magneto-resistive device applications of TI and small bandgap semiconductor materials.
Supplementary Material for the publication "Task delegation from AI to humans: A principal-agent perspective"
Creators: name: Guggenberger, Tobias
name: Lämmermann, Luis
name: Urbach, Nils
name: Walter, Anna
name: Hofmann, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Delegation, Artificial intelligence, Human-AI collaboration, Principal-agent theory

description: Supplementary Material for the publication "Task delegation from AI to humans: A principal-agent perspective"
Determinants of hospital-to-nursing home placement delays: a pilot study.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: Estimates of hospital-to-nursing home placement delays have always been varied, and given Medicare's new Prospective Payment System (PPS) based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), they are likely to have changed again. Theory and previous research suggest that four patient characteristics are the main causes of delays: Medicaid as the patient's nursing home payer source; need for heavy care due to major physical or mental problems; admission to the hospital from a nursing home; and lack of social support. A pilot study of all 1,016 elderly awaiting nursing home placement in two admission cohorts (pre- and post-PPS) from the three largest hospitals in the county surrounding Charlotte, North Carolina--where nursing home beds are in short supply--indicates that other factors are more important. While most placements were delayed, delays were short. Multiple regression results show that Medicaid patients' delays were only about a day longer than those of private-pay patients. Of the many heavy-care conditions studied, only three were associated with delay. Patients without social support and patients admitted from a nursing home, discharged to a hospital-affiliated facility, or placed after PPS had shorter delays. Long delays were found among patients who had applied for Medicaid coverage but had not yet been certified as financially eligible. Nonwhites and males were also delayed. These findings, if replicated in other areas with perceived nursing home bed shortages, appear to have important implications not only for the usefulness of nursing home case-mix reimbursement and subacute levels of nursing home care, but for nursing home bed-need estimates, too, as well as for Medicaid eligibility determination practices and civil rights law enforcement.