MOESM1 of Reproducible, high-yielding, biological caproate production from food waste using a single-phase anaerobic reactor system
Creators: name: Nzeteu, Corine
name: Trego, Anna
name: Abram, Florence
name: OâFlaherty, Vincent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Strategies applied to improve caproate production from food waste. Section S1. Enrichment culture assays. Section S2. Substrate utilisation assays using enriched cultures. Section S3. Enrichment culture processes successfully selected for cellulose and hemicellulose degraders. Section S4. Bacteroides graminisolvens and Porphyromonodaceas are implicated in cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis, respectively. Section S5. Bio-augmentation Assay. Section S6. Characterisation of the food waste and digestate. Figure S1. Microbial communities profiling from the granular seed sludge, whatman filter paper 1 (WP) and xylan enrichment cultures (18th generation) assigned from the 16S rRNA gene sequencing from DNA samples. Section S7. Ribonucleic acid extraction. Figure S2. Profile of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) (A) and pH (B) in the triplicate reactors R1, R2 and R3 operated at 7-day SRT for each batch (period 2). Phase 1: leachate was recirculated on top of solid bed once per day; Phase 2: leachate recirculated four times per day; Phase 3: dilution of VFAs in starting liquid; Phase 4: bio-augmentation; Phase 5: dilution of VFAs in the leachate on day 2; Phase 6: increase of loading rate. Batch (B) 5, 13, 14, 20, 27 and 31 were selected to represent phase 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Figure S3. Profile of ammonia concentration in leachate samples during 14-day SRT. Figure S4. Degradation efficiency of the major components of restaurant food waste in R1, R2 and R3 during batch 7 (14-day SRT). Figure S5. Volatile solid (VS) reductions from the restaurant food waste in R1, R2 and R3 operated at SRT of 14 days for each batch. Figure S6. Volatile solid (VS) reductions from the restaurant food waste in triplicate reactors R1, R2 and R3 operated at 7-day SRT for each batch. Phase 1: leachate was recirculated on top of solid bed once a day for 45 min; Phase 2: leachate recirculated four times per day; Phase 3: dilution of VFAs in starting liquid; Phase 4: bio-augmentation; Phase 5: dilution of VFA in the leachate on day 2; Phase 6: increase of loading rate. Figure S7. Plot of 95% confidence interval for mean of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration during period 1 and period 2. Figure S8. Profile of individual VFA production in leach-bed reactors R1, R2 and R3 during Phase 2 and 3 (period 2). Batch (B) 13 and 14 were selected to represent phase 2 and 3 corresponding to high and low VFA concentrations in starting liquid respectively. Data at each point represent average of duplicate measurements. Figure S9. Profile of the lactate concentration in triplicate leach-bed rectors (R1â R3) during period 1 and 2 (phase 2 and 3). Batch (B) 7 was selected to represent period 1 corresponding to 14-day SRT. B13 and 14 were selected to represent phase 2 and 3 corresponding to high and low VFA concentrations in starting liquid respectively. Value at each point is the average of duplicate measurements. Table S2. Methane (CH4) fraction of biogas during period 1 (14-day SRT) and period 2 (7-day SRT) of reactor operation. Batch (B) 7 was selected to represent period 1while B5, 13, 14, 20, 27 and 31 represented period 2. Figure S10. Production pattern for acetate (A) propionate (B), butyrate (C), caproic (D), lactate (E) and ethanol (F) obtained in the control, ethanol, hydrogen (H2) and H2/Ethanol-supplemented vials during batch experiment using leach bed-reactor leachate. Data from the duplicate measurements are shown on the graph. Figure S11. Taxonomic classification at species level of the 16S rRNA sequences showing microbial groups potentially involved in caproate production. Sequences were retrieved from Illumina MiSeq sequencing of cDNA samples generated from: A) control, B) ethanol, C) hydrogen (H2) and D) hydrogen and ethanol (H2/ethanol) supplemented vials during batch experiments using leach-bed reactor leachate. Figure S12. Phylogenetic tree build using the neighbour-joining method. Analysis performed using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The numbers at the node represent the bootstrap values. The evolutionary distances were computed using the maximum composite likelihood method.