cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of the contacts on shot noise in graphene nano-ribbons
Creators: name: Wiener, A. D.
name: Kindermann, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the shot noise of an impurity-free graphene flake as a function of the chemical potential. For large width to length ratios, this noise has been predicted and observed to exhibit universal characteristics at the Dirac point. Furthermore, a sharp decrease of the shot noise with increasing carrier density has been predicted. This decrease has also been observed in experiments, but with much smaller slope than predicted. We reconcile this discrepancy between theory and experiment by including the effects of the contacts to the graphene ribbon.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
An Examination of Social Disorganization and Pluralistic Neighborhood Theories with Rural Mothers and Their Adolescents
Creators: name: Ennett, Susan
name: Witherspoon, Dawn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Neighborhoods matter for youth; yet, most literature focuses on neighborhood deficits rather than strengths. To understand how best to capture neighborhoods, this study used census- and perception-based measures of neighborhood characteristics as suggested by social disorganization and pluralistic neighborhood theories, respectively, to determine the association between structural characteristics and perceptions of positive and negative neighborhood characteristics. The ethnically diverse (59% White and 34% African American) sample (N = 1414) consisted of early adolescents (53% female) and their mothers. We found that participants perceived distinct positive and negative neighborhood characteristics. For adolescents and mothers, neighborhood structural characteristics were positively associated with risk perceptions (e.g., physical and social disorder) but differently associated with positive neighborhood characteristics. In addition, participants perceived their neighborhoods differently (e.g., adolescents perceived less informal social control but more cohesion than their mothers). We discuss the importance of the neighborhood context, particularly positive neighborhood characteristics, for rural families.
Integrated shape-sensitive functional metrics
Creators: name: Helander, Sami
name: Laketa, Petra
name: Ilmonen, Pauliina
name: Nagy, Stanislav
name: Van Bever, Germain
name: Viitasaari, Lauri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62R10, 62R20

description: This paper develops a new integrated ball (pseudo)metric which provides an intermediary between a chosen starting (pseudo)metric d and the L_p distance in general function spaces. Selecting d as the Hausdorff or Fréchet distances, we introduce integrated shape-sensitive versions of these supremum-based metrics. The new metrics allow for finer analyses in functional settings, not attainable applying the non-integrated versions directly. Moreover, convergent discrete approximations make computations feasible in practice.
Two physical explanations of the nonextensive parameter in a self-gravitating system
Creators: name: Zheng, Yahui
name: Du, Jiulin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two possible physical explanations of the nonextensive parameter in a self-gravitating system. One is related to the detailed balance in such system. With the detailed balance, the statistical balance of molecular energy is reached, under which the radiation energy "stored" in the molecules becomes important. Then the relation between the nonextensive parameter and the storage coefficient which measures the ability of molecules to store the radiation energy is constructed. The other explanation is from one dimensionless quantity called (logarithmic) temperature gradient defined in the stellar physics. In view of this, we find that in order to keep the nuclear reactions alive inside the Sun, the ratio of radiation pressure to the total pressure in the core must be more than 0.2833.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Cloud Native Privacy Engineering through DevPrivOps
Creators: name: Grünewald, Elias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cloud native information systems engineering enables scalable and resilient service infrastructures for all major online offerings. These are built following agile development practices. At the same time, a growing demand for privacy-friendly services is articulated by societal norms and policy through effective legislative frameworks. In this paper, we identify the conceptual dimensions of cloud native privacy engineering and propose an integrative approach to be addressed in practice to overcome the shortcomings of existing privacy enhancing technologies. Furthermore, we propose a reference software development lifecycle called DevPrivOps to enhance established agile development methods with respect to privacy. Altogether, we show that cloud native privacy engineering advances the state of the art of privacy by design and by default using latest technologies.
description: preprint version (2021-12-01), accepted for the Post-Proceedings at the 16th IFIP Summer School on Privacy and Identity Management 2021
A Driven Disordered Systems Approach to Biological Evolution in Changing Environments
Creators: name: Das, Suman G
name: Krug, Joachim
name: Mungan, Muhittin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biological evolution of a population is governed by the fitness landscape, which is a map from genotype to fitness. However, a fitness landscape depends on the organisms environment, and evolution in changing environments is still poorly understood. We study a particular model of antibiotic resistance evolution in bacteria where the antibiotic concentration is an environmental parameter and the fitness landscapes incorporate tradeoffs between adaptation to low and high antibiotic concentration. With evolutionary dynamics that follow fitness gradients, the evolution of the system under slowly changing antibiotic concentration resembles the athermal dynamics of disordered physical systems under external drives. Exploiting this resemblance, we show that our model can be described as a system with interacting hysteretic elements. As in the case of the driven disordered systems, adaptive evolution under antibiotic concentration cycling is found to exhibit hysteresis loops and memory formation. We derive a number of analytical results for quasistatic concentration changes. We also perform numerical simulations to study how these effects are modified under driving protocols in which the concentration is changed in discrete steps. Our approach provides a general framework for studying motifs of evolutionary dynamics in biological systems in a changing environment.
Ethnic Label Use in Adolescents from Traditional and Non-Traditional Immigrant Communities
Creators: name: Perreira, Krista M.
name: Kiang, Lisa
name: Fuligni, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Understanding adolescents’ use of ethnic labels is a key developmental issue, particularly given the practical significance of identity and self-definition in adolescents’ lives. Ethnic labeling was examined among adolescents in the traditional immigrant receiving area of Los Angeles (Asian n=258, Latino n=279) and the non-traditional immigrant receiving area of North Carolina (Asian n=165, Latino n=239). Logistic regressions showed that adolescents from different geographic settings use different ethnic labels, with youth from NC preferring heritage and panethnic labels and youth from LA preferring hyphenated American labels. Second generation youth were more likely than first generation youth to use hyphenated American labels, and less likely to use heritage or panethnic labels. Greater ethnic centrality increased the odds of heritage label use, and greater English proficiency increased the odds of heritage-American label use. These associations significantly mediated the initial effects of setting. Further results examine ethnic differences as well as links between labels and self-esteem. The discussion highlights implications of ethnic labeling and context.
title: Distribution of residues of neonicotinoids in the hive and in bees in relation to bee health
Creators: name: Purdy, John
Publisher: name: Julius-Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: A field study was done to search for residues of neonicotinoids in 15 honeybee hives, in 5 apiaries to determine if any bee loss or symptoms of stress were associated with such residues. The apiaries were adjacent to corn or soybean crop fields in southern Ontario, and Quebec, Canada. Samples of healthy adult bees, larvae, impaired bees with symptoms of intoxication, black bees and dead bees were analysed for acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and the metabolite TZNG. Neither the concentrations of the individual compounds found nor the aggregate exposures to multiple compounds were associated with any evidence of stress or bee loss. Extensive diagnostic tests were done to monitor mites and diseases, and hive weights were monitored. Viruses were frequently found in all bee sample types. Over 90% of impaired bees had viruses, but 20% or less had any of the test compounds and only at low levels (<0.05 ng/bee) of neonicotinoids. 77% of black bees had viruses but none of the test compounds was detected in these bees. Method verification, distribution of residues in the colony, assessment of hive scale results, calculation of the combined effects, implications for diagnosis, and risk assessment will be discussed.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 462 (2018): Hazards of pesticides to bees 13th International Symposium of the ICP-PR Bee Protection Group 18. - 20. October 2017, València (Spain) - Proceedings -
Hidden axion dark matter decaying through mixing with QCD axion and the 3.5 keV X-ray line
Creators: name: Higaki, Tetsutaro
name: Kitajima, Naoya
name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hidden axions may be coupled to the standard model particles through a kinetic or mass mixing with QCD axion. We study a scenario in which a hidden axion constitutes a part of or the whole of dark matter and decays into photons through the mixing, explaining the 3.5 keV X-ray line signal. Interestingly, the required long lifetime of the hidden axion dark matter can be realized for the QCD axion decay constant at an intermediate scale, if the mixing is sufficiently small. In such a two component dark matter scenario, the primordial density perturbations of the hidden axion can be highly non-Gaussian, leading to a possible dispersion in the X-ray line strength from various galaxy clusters and near-by galaxies. We also discuss how the parallel and orthogonal alignment of two axions affects their couplings to gauge fields.
description: 19 pages
A covariant Stinespring theorem
Creators: name: Verdon, Dominic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a finite-dimensional covariant Stinespring theorem for compact quantum groups. Let G be a compact quantum group, and let T:= Rep(G) be the rigid C*-tensor category of finite-dimensional continuous unitary representations of G. Let Mod(T) be the rigid C*-2-category of cofinite semisimple finitely decomposable T-module categories. We show that finite-dimensional G-C*-algebras can be identified with equivalence classes of 1-morphisms out of the object T in Mod(T). For 1-morphisms X: T -> M1, Y: T -> M2, we show that covariant completely positive maps between the corresponding G-C*-algebras can be 'dilated' to isometries t: X -> Y \otimes E, where E: M2 -> M1 is some 'environment' 1-morphism. Dilations are unique up to partial isometry on the environment; in particular, the dilation minimising the quantum dimension of the environment is unique up to a unitary. When G is a compact group this recovers previous covariant Stinespring-type theorems.
description: 59 pages, many pictures. Rev 4: Final version
Stability and Change in Rural Youths’ Educational Outcomes Through the Middle and High School Years
Creators: name: Ennett, Susan
name: Witherspoon, Dawn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: There is a dearth of literature that examines rural youths’ school transition and adaptation over the middle and high school years. Given rural education challenges, this study examines rural youths’ developmental trajectories of self-reported grades and affective and behavioral educational outcomes (i.e., school belonging, value of education, school misbehavior, and extracurricular activity participation). The cohort-sequential study consisted of 3,312 African American and White youth (50% female) who were surveyed over three and a half years, including the transition to high school. The results reveal significant changes in the outcomes from sixth to twelfth grade. For example, on average, school misbehavior increased over time while perceived school belonging decreased over time. Gender and race differences emerged; African American youth reported placing higher importance on education and less participation in school activities than White youth. The discussion focuses on the importance of examining rural adolescents’ educational pathways during the high school transition.
Neutrinoless double-beta decay from an effective field theory for heavy nuclei
Creators: name: Brase, Catharina
name: Menéndez, Javier
name: Pérez, Eduardo Antonio Coello
name: Schwenk, Achim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study neutrinoless double-beta decay in an effective field theory (EFT) for heavy nuclei, which are treated as a spherical core coupled to additional neutrons and/or protons. Since the low-energy constants of the EFT cannot be fitted to data for this unobserved decay, we follow an alternative strategy to constrain these through a correlation with double Gamow-Teller transitions. This correlation was recently found to hold for shell-model calculations, energy-density functionals, and other nuclear structure models. We therefore first calculate the nuclear matrix elements for double Gamow-Teller transitions in the EFT for heavy nuclei. The combination of the EFT uncertainty with the correlation uncertainty enables predictions of nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless double-beta decay for a broad range of isotopes with quantified uncertainties. Generally the EFT predicts smaller nuclear matrix elements compared to other approaches, but our EFT results are consistent with recent ab initio calculations.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, minor changes, published version
Photoinduced ultrafast transition of the local correlated structure in chalcogenide phase-change materials
Creators: name: Qi, Yingpeng
name: Chen, Nianke
name: Vasileiadis, Thomas
name: Zahn, Daniela
name: Seiler, Helene
name: Li, Xianbin
name: Ernstorfer, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Revealing the bonding and time-evolving atomic dynamics in functional materials with complex lattice structures can update the fundamental knowledge on rich physics therein, and also help to manipulate the material properties as desired. As the most prototypical chalcogenide phase change material, Ge2Sb2Te5 has been widely used in optical data storage and non-volatile electric memory due to the fast switching speed and the low energy consumption. However, the basic understanding of the structural dynamics on the atomic scale is still not clear. Using femtosecond electron diffraction, structure factor calculation and TDDFT-MD simulation, we reveal the photoinduced ultrafast transition of the local correlated structure in the averaged rock-salt phase of Ge2Sb2Te5. The randomly oriented Peierls distortion among unit cells in the averaged rock-salt phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 is termed as local correlated structures. The ultrafast suppression of the local Peierls distortions in individual unit cell gives rise to a local structure change from the rhombohedral to the cubic geometry within ~ 0.3 ps. In addition, the impact of the carrier relaxation and the large amount of vacancies to the ultrafast structural response is quantified and discussed. Our work provides new microscopic insights into contributions of the local correlated structure to the transient structural and optical responses in phase change materials. Moreover, we stress the significance of femtosecond electron diffraction in revealing the local correlated structure in the subunit cell and the link between the local correlated structure and physical properties in functional materials with complex microstructures.
Additional file 1 of How structural and symbolic violence during resettlement impacts the social and mental wellbeing of forced migrant women: the lived experiences of Arabic speaking survivors of IPV resettled in Melbourne, Australia
Creators: name: Hourani, Jeanine
name: Jarallah, Yara
name: Block, Karen
name: Murray, Linda
name: Chen, Jasmin
name: Hach, Maria
name: Vaughan, Cathy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Service Provider Interview Guide.
Mapping attitudes on wildlife trafficking: Implications for management and governance
Creators: name: Arroyave, Felber
name: Jenkins, Jeffrey
name: Hurtado, Rafael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Illegal wildlife trade or wildlife trafficking is a problem that affects societies and ecosystems alike. However, it remains unclear which management strategies are suitable for addressing this issue, particularly when one considers the diversity of actors, interests, and nuances of the problem. We argue that better management strategies require multiple – and at times, even opposite – actors to coalesce around the fundamentals of the problem. An initial step towards formulating management strategies is to identify how the multiple actors involved understand the problem and its possible solutions (i.e. their subjectivities). Although previous studies have addressed actors' subjectivities regarding wildlife trafficking, they have rarely evaluated how subjectivities vary between different actors. Against this backdrop, this study uses mixed methods to evaluate convergences in the subjectivities of multiple actors (e.g. poachers, authorities, police forces and academics, among others) in Colombia. Contrary to previously-held theories, this work has revealed that trafficking-related subjectivities are not necessarily shaped by contextual factors (e.g. social relations); instead, subjectivities are explained by actors' experiences and preferred governance forms. We conclude this work by reflecting on the implications of our findings for the management and governance of complex problems that occur at the intersection of social and ecological systems.
description: Each row corresponds to the question assessed. Columns correspond to individual actors. Authors names identify the region and the organization affiliation.
The Stability of Perceived Pubertal Timing Across Adolescence
Creators: name: Morgan-Lopez, Antonio A.
name: Cance, Jessica Duncan
name: Ennett, Susan T.
name: Foshee, Vangie A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: It is unknown whether perceived pubertal timing changes as puberty progresses or whether it is an important component of adolescent identity formation that is fixed early in pubertal development. The purpose of this study is to examine the stability of perceived pubertal timing among a school-based sample of rural adolescents aged 11 to 17 (N=6,425; 50% female; 53% White). Two measures of pubertal timing were used, stage-normative, based on the Pubertal Development Scale, a self-report scale of secondary sexual characteristics, and peer-normative, a one-item measure of perceived pubertal timing. Two longitudinal methods were used: one-way random effects ANOVA models and latent class analysis. When calculating intraclass correlation coefficients using the one-way random effects ANOVA models, which is based on the average reliability from one time point to the next, both measures had similar, but poor, stability. In contrast, latent class analysis, which looks at the longitudinal response pattern of each individual and treats deviation from that pattern as measurement error, showed three stable and distinct response patterns for both measures: always early, always on-time, and always late. Study results suggest instability in perceived pubertal timing from one age to the next, but this instability is likely due to measurement error. Thus, it may be necessary to take into account the longitudinal pattern of perceived pubertal timing across adolescence rather than measuring perceived pubertal timing at one point in time.
Chiral Nonet Mixing in $η' \rightarrow ηππ$ Decay
Creators: name: Fariborz, Amir H.
name: Schechter, Joseph
name: Zarepour, Soodeh
name: Zebarjad, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Underlying mixing of scalar mesons is studied in $η'\rightarrow ηππ$ decay within a generalized linear sigma model of low-energy QCD which contains two nonets of scalar mesons and two nonets of pseudoscalar mesons (a quark-antiquark nonet and a four quark nonet). The model has been previously employed in various investigations of the underlying mixings among scalar mesons below and above 1 GeV (as well as those of their pseudoscalar chiral partners) and has provided a coherent global picture for the physical properties and quark substructure of these states. It is found that the linear sigma model with only a single lowest-lying nonet is not accurate in predicting the decay width, but inclusion of the mixing of this nonet with the next-to-lowest lying nonet, together with the effect of final state interaction of pions, significantly improves this prediction and agrees with experiment up to about 1\%. It is also shown that while the prediction of the leading order of the generalized model for the Dalitz parameters is not close to the experiment, the model is able to give a reasonable prediction of the energy dependencies of the normalized decay amplitude squared and that this is expected to improve with further refinement of the complicated underlying mixings. Overall this investigation provides further support for the global picture of scalar mesons: those below 1 GeV are predominantly four-quark states and significantly mix with those above 1 GeV which are closer to the conventional p-wave quark-antiquark states.
Associations of Neighborhood and Family Factors with Trajectories of Physical and Social Aggression During Adolescence
Creators: name: Suchindran, Chirayath
name: Ennett, Susan T.
name: Foshee, Vangie A.
name: Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Adolescents develop within multiple contexts that synergistically influence their behavior and health. To understand the simultaneous influence of neighborhood and family contexts on adolescents, this study examined relationships of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, neighborhood social disorganization, family conflict, parent-child bonding and parental control with trajectories of physical and social aggression. The sample included 5,118 adolescents between ages 11 and 18 (50% female, 52% Caucasian) living in predominantly rural areas. Multilevel growth curve models showed an interaction between neighborhood disadvantage, family conflict and gender on the physical aggression trajectories. The interaction suggested more rapid processes of both increase in and desistance from physical aggression over time for boys with high neighborhood disadvantage and high family conflict, as well as a higher starting point, more gradual increase and slower process of desistance over time for girls in similar neighborhood and family contexts. Less parent-child bonding and less parental control also were associated with higher initial levels of physical aggression. For social aggression, an interaction between family conflict and gender showed girls with high family conflict had the highest initial levels of social aggression, with a more gradual increase over time for these girls compared to their male counterparts in high-conflict families or their female counterparts in low-conflict families. Less parent-child bonding was associated with higher initial levels and a faster increase over time of social aggression, and less parental control was associated with higher initial levels of social aggression. The findings suggest early family-based interventions may help prevent perpetration of both physical and social aggression during adolescence.
STEEL SECTION EQUIVALENT UNIFORM TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN PERFORMANCE-BASED FIRE DESIGN –EC3 CALCULATION METHOD GENERALIZED FOR NON-UNIFORM FIRE EXPOSURE
Creators: name: Jokinen, Timo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fire safety engineering

description: This paper presentsmodificationsforEurocode 3 (EC3)unprotected steel section equivalent uniform temperature distribution formulas, thatgeneralizes themfor non-uniform fire exposure to better serve the demands in performance-based fire design. The validation forthese formulas is also presented by using 2DFEM(Finite Element Method)temperatureanalysis(with SAFIRsoftware).The modified formulas are designed to fit well with FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)fire simulations,and they shouldnotbelimited to specific type of fire (i.e.they shouldwork with localized fire, fully developed fire, travelling fire,etc.).The modifiedformulas are presented as a supplementary tool for determining the section temperaturesthat arecompared against member critical temperatures, and they should be used in tandem (not as a substitute)withmore advanced structural analysisasrequired in EC3 for performance-based structural fire design.
The disconnectedness of certain sets defined after uni-variate polynomials
Creators: name: Kostov, Vladimir Petrov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26C10, 30C15

description: We consider the set of monic real univariate polynomials of a given degree $d$ with non-vanishing coefficients, with given signs of the coefficients and with given quantities $pos$ of their positive and $neg$ of their negative roots (all roots are distinct). For $d=6$ and for signs of the coefficients $(+,-,+,+,+,-,+)$, we prove that the set of such polynomials having two positive, two negative and two complex conjugate roots, is not connected. For $pos+neg\leq 3$ and for any $d$, we give the exhaustive answer to the question for which signs of the coefficients there exist polynomials with such values of $pos$ and $neg$.
Attributes that Differentiate Children Who Sip Alcohol from Abstinent Peers
Creators: name: Bowling, J. Michael
name: Jackson, Christine
name: Ennett, Susan T.
name: Dickinson, Denise M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Sipping alcohol during childhood may be a marker of differentiation as regards children’s future risk of underage drinking; yet very little is known about alcohol use when it occurs among elementary school-aged children. The purpose of the present study is to examine alcohol sipping behavior in a sample of third-grade school children to learn whether sipping is associated with attributes that could increase children’s likelihood of further underage drinking. We collected telephone interview data from 1050 mothers and their third grade children (mean age 9.2 years; 48.2% male) residing in the Southeastern United States. The majority of mothers were White non-Hispanic (69.02%) or Black non-Hispanic (21.3%); most (85%) lived in households shared with fathers or other adult caretakers. We hypothesized that children who sip alcohol would score lower than abstinent peers on indicators of competence and score higher on indicators of exposure to alcohol-specific socialization by parents and peers. A multivariate model controlling for frequency of parent alcohol use and demographic covariates showed that children who had sipped alcohol were significantly less likely than abstinent peers to affirm indicators of competence and significantly more likely to affirm indicators of exposure to alcohol specific socialization by parents and by same age peers. These preliminary findings suggest that developmental attributes associated with risk of underage drinking begin to differentiate at least as young as middle childhood. Research is needed to test prospectively for continuity between alcohol risk attributes present in middle childhood and future alcohol use.
Predictors of Latent Trajectory Classes of Physical Dating Violence Victimization
Creators: name: Brooks-Russell, Ashley
name: Foshee, Vangie A.
name: Ennett, Susan T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This study identified classes of developmental trajectories of physical dating violence victimization from grades 8 to 12 and examined theoretically-based risk factors that distinguished among trajectory classes. Data were from a multi-wave longitudinal study spanning 8th through 12th grade (n = 2,566; 51.9% female). Growth mixture models were used to identify trajectory classes of physical dating violence victimization separately for girls and boys. Logistic and multinomial logistic regressions were used to identify situational and target vulnerability factors associated with the trajectory classes. For girls, three trajectory classes were identified: a low/non-involved class; a moderate class where victimization increased slightly until the 10th grade and then decreased through the 12th grade; and a high class where victimization started at a higher level in the 8th grade, increased substantially until the 10th grade, and then decreased until the 12th grade. For males, two classes were identified: a low/non-involved class, and a victimized class where victimization increased slightly until the 9th grade, decreased until the 11th grade, and then increased again through the 12th grade. In bivariate analyses, almost all of the situational and target vulnerability risk factors distinguished the victimization classes from the non-involved classes. However, when all risk factors and control variables were in the model, alcohol use (a situational vulnerability) was the only factor that distinguished membership in the moderate trajectory class from the non-involved class for girls; anxiety and being victimized by peers (target vulnerability factors) were the factors that distinguished the high from the non-involved classes for the girls; and victimization by peers was the only factor distinguishing the victimized from the non-involved class for boys. These findings contribute to our understanding of the heterogeneity in physical dating violence victimization during adolescence and the malleable risk factors associated with each trajectory class for boys and girls.
Additional file 2 of How structural and symbolic violence during resettlement impacts the social and mental wellbeing of forced migrant women: the lived experiences of Arabic speaking survivors of IPV resettled in Melbourne, Australia
Creators: name: Hourani, Jeanine
name: Jarallah, Yara
name: Block, Karen
name: Murray, Linda
name: Chen, Jasmin
name: Hach, Maria
name: Vaughan, Cathy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. English Translations of Workshop Materials.
Mapping subjectivities on wildlife trafficking: Implications for management and governance
Creators: name: Arroyave, Felber
name: Jenkins, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Illegal wildlife trade or wildlife trafficking is a problem that affects societies and ecosystems alike. However, it remains unclear which management strategies are suitable for addressing this issue, particularly when one considers the diversity of actors, interests, and nuances of the problem. We argue that better management strategies require multiple – and at times, even opposite – actors to coalesce around the fundamentals of the problem. An initial step towards formulating management strategies is to identify how the multiple actors involved understand the problem and its possible solutions (i.e. their subjectivities). Although previous studies have addressed actors' subjectivities regarding wildlife trafficking, they have rarely evaluated how subjectivities vary between different actors. Against this backdrop, this study uses mixed methods to evaluate convergences in the subjectivities of multiple actors (e.g. poachers, authorities, police forces and academics, among others) in Colombia. Contrary to previously-held theories, this work has revealed that trafficking-related subjectivities are not necessarily shaped by contextual factors (e.g. social relations); instead, subjectivities are explained by actors' experiences and preferred governance forms. We conclude this work by reflecting on the implications of our findings for the management and governance of complex problems that occur at the intersection of social and ecological systems.
description: Each row corresponds to the question assessed. Columns correspond to individual actors. Authors names identify the region and the organization affiliation.
Distribution-sensitive Information Retention for Accurate Binary Neural Network
Creators: name: Qin, Haotong
name: Zhang, Xiangguo
name: Gong, Ruihao
name: Ding, Yifu
name: Xu, Yi
name: Liu, Xianglong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Model binarization is an effective method of compressing neural networks and accelerating their inference process. However, a significant performance gap still exists between the 1-bit model and the 32-bit one. The empirical study shows that binarization causes a great loss of information in the forward and backward propagation. We present a novel Distribution-sensitive Information Retention Network (DIR-Net) that retains the information in the forward and backward propagation by improving internal propagation and introducing external representations. The DIR-Net mainly relies on three technical contributions: (1) Information Maximized Binarization (IMB): minimizing the information loss and the binarization error of weights/activations simultaneously by weight balance and standardization; (2) Distribution-sensitive Two-stage Estimator (DTE): retaining the information of gradients by distribution-sensitive soft approximation by jointly considering the updating capability and accurate gradient; (3) Representation-align Binarization-aware Distillation (RBD): retaining the representation information by distilling the representations between full-precision and binarized networks. The DIR-Net investigates both forward and backward processes of BNNs from the unified information perspective, thereby providing new insight into the mechanism of network binarization. The three techniques in our DIR-Net are versatile and effective and can be applied in various structures to improve BNNs. Comprehensive experiments on the image classification and objective detection tasks show that our DIR-Net consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art binarization approaches under mainstream and compact architectures, such as ResNet, VGG, EfficientNet, DARTS, and MobileNet. Additionally, we conduct our DIR-Net on real-world resource-limited devices which achieves 11.1x storage saving and 5.4x speedup.
Additional file 3 of How structural and symbolic violence during resettlement impacts the social and mental wellbeing of forced migrant women: the lived experiences of Arabic speaking survivors of IPV resettled in Melbourne, Australia
Creators: name: Hourani, Jeanine
name: Jarallah, Yara
name: Block, Karen
name: Murray, Linda
name: Chen, Jasmin
name: Hach, Maria
name: Vaughan, Cathy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Survivor Interview Guide.
Estimation of Ebola's spillover infection exposure in Sierra Leone based on sociodemographic and economic factors
Creators: name: Mursel, Sena
name: Alter, Nathaniel
name: Slavit, Lindsay
name: Smith, Anna
name: Bocchini, Paolo
name: Buceta, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Zoonotic diseases spread through pathogens-infected animal carriers. In the case of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), evidence supports that the main carriers are fruit bats and non-human primates. Further, EVD spread is a multi-factorial problem that depends on sociodemographic and economic (SDE) factors. Here we inquire into this phenomenon and aim at determining, quantitatively, the Ebola spillover infection exposure map and try to link it to SDE factors. To that end, we designed and conducted a survey in Sierra Leone and implement a pipeline to analyze data using regression and machine learning techniques. Our methodology is able (1) to identify the features that are best predictors of an individual's tendency to partake in behaviors that can expose them to Ebola infection, (2) to develop a predictive model about the spillover risk statistics that can be calibrated for different regions and future times, and (3) to compute a spillover exposure map for Sierra Leone. Our results and conclusions are relevant to identify the regions in Sierra Leone at risk of EVD spillover and, consequently, to design and implement policies for an effective deployment of resources (e.g., drug supplies) and other preventative measures (e.g., educational campaigns).
Additional file 4 of How structural and symbolic violence during resettlement impacts the social and mental wellbeing of forced migrant women: the lived experiences of Arabic speaking survivors of IPV resettled in Melbourne, Australia
Creators: name: Hourani, Jeanine
name: Jarallah, Yara
name: Block, Karen
name: Murray, Linda
name: Chen, Jasmin
name: Hach, Maria
name: Vaughan, Cathy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4. Coding Framework.
Autonomous vehicles in all weather conditions: steering towards a harmonized legislative framework enabling real-life deployment
Creators: name: Zotos, Ted
name: Couëlle, Victoire
name: Ronke, Rebecca
name: Schallauer, Dominik
name: Travers, Guillaume
name: Turkovic, Jasmina
Publisher: name: Georgia Institute of Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: Autonomous vehicles
Road transport
Policy
ADS
Testing
Real-life deployment
Logistics
Adverse weather conditions

description: Presented at the 9th International Physical Internet Conference (IPIC 2023) 13-15 June 2023, Athens, Greece
description: This Paper presents and discusses the current status of testing and operation regulations for automated vehicles (AVs) at EU level. Current legal conditions for on-road testing and operation of autonomous vehicles vary strongly from country to country. This Paper will focus on examples of European countries that have taken an advanced stance in the formulation of policies and rules (Austria, Norway, France) and developed national policies which already enable on-road testing and operation. This Paper will identify and put forward a set of best practices that will support the review of existing and future legislation as the basis of a harmonized EU legal framework designed to give clear signals to the industry, regulators and the general public. Particular attention will be placed on ensuring that safety performance requirements are met across all Operational Design Domains (ODD). Taking adverse weather conditions into consideration will allow to reflect a more adequate real-life environment for AV operations. Updated regulations must ensure the safety of automated vehicle operations while providing some degree of flexibility, rather than imposing specific restrictions to enable future development and deployment of AVs. The technical work carried out under the EUfunded Horizon-2020 programme and more specifically the AWARD project provides the laying ground for the development of frameworks enabling the safe testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles for logistics operations onto public roads.
Sexual Dating Aggression Across Grades 8 Through 12: Timing and Predictors of Onset
Creators: name: Reyes, H. Luz McNaughton
name: Foshee, Vangie A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Investigators have identified a number of factors that increase risk for physical and psychological dating abuse perpetration during adolescence, but as yet little is known about the etiology of sexual dating aggression during this critical developmental period. This is an important gap in the literature given that research suggests that patterns of sexual dating violence that are established during this period may carry over into young adulthood. Using a sample of 459 male adolescents (76% White, 19% Black), the current study used survival analysis to examine the timing and predictors of sexual dating aggression perpetration onset across grades 8 through 12. Risk for sexual dating aggression onset increased across early adolescence, peaked in the 10th grade, and desisted thereafter. As predicted based on the Confluence Model of sexual aggression, associations between early physical aggression towards peers and dates and sexual aggression onset were stronger for teens reporting higher levels of rape myth acceptance. Contrary to predictions, inter-parental violence, prior victimization experiences, and parental monitoring knowledge did not predict sexual dating aggression onset. Findings support the notion that risk factors may work synergistically to predict sexual dating aggression and highlight the importance of rape myth acceptance as a construct that should be addressed by violence prevention programs.
Beginn und Ende: Zugehörigkeit zu Unternehmerfamilie und Gesellschafterkreis – Der Einfluss von Patchwork-Konstellationen auf Familienunternehmen und deren rechtliche Gestaltung
Creators: name: Herrmann, Vivien
Publisher: name: Universität Bielefeld
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 340

description: Wer kommt als Teil der komplexen Unternehmerfamilie in Betracht, wie wird eine solche Zugehörigkeit festgelegt und welche rechtlichen Folgen ergeben sich hieraus speziell für Beginn und Ende einer Gesellschafterstellung?

 Die Arbeit zeigt auf, dass sich – in Anbetracht gewandelter und sich weiterhin wandelnder Familienstrukturen – jede Unternehmerfamilie mit der Frage laufend auseinandersetzen muss, wer ihr zugehörig ist und zugehörig sein soll. Es wird dargelegt, welche Vielzahl an Beweggründen hinter der Verwendung abstrakt-genereller, abstammungsbezogener Merkmale für eine Nachfolge in den Gesellschafterkreis stehen kann.

 Für die Festlegung der Zugehörigkeit zu Unternehmerfamilie und Gesellschafterkreis sind alternative Gestaltungen denkbar, die an die Werteprägung anknüpfen. Dieser kommt bei Familienunternehmen, die den langfristigen, generationenüberdauernden Fortbestand des Unternehmens als Zielsetzung haben, eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Er erscheint sinnvoll, die jeweils eigene Werteprägung der Unternehmerfamilie und die hierauf aufgebaute Family Governance-Struktur zu vertiefen, zu erhalten und auch auf gesellschaftsvertraglicher Ebene nutzbar zu machen. Es wird verdeutlicht, wie Patchwork-Unternehmerfamilien ihre rechtlichen Verhältnisse in Bezug auf das Unternehmen organisieren und dieses damit gleichzeitig stärken können.