cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Epizoanthus fatuus Gray 1867
Creators: name: Kise, Hiroki
name: Montenegro, Javier
name: Santos, Maria E. A.
name: Hoeksema, Bert W.
name: Ekins, Merrick
name: Ise, Yuji
name: Higashiji, Takuo
name: Fernandez-Silva, Iria
name: Reimer, James D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Zoantharia
Epizoanthidae
Epizoanthus

description: EPIZOANTHUS AFF. FATUUS (SCHULTZE, 1860)
(FIG. 3C)
Material examined: QM G337590. Hunter CMR, Australia, New South Wales, 32°34 ′ 30.0 ″ S –32°37 ′ 53.8 ″ S, 153°08 ′ 31.2 ″ E –153°09 ′ 42.1 ″ E, depth 1006–1036 m, beam trawl, coll. M. Ekins on RV Investigator, Cruise IN2017_V03, 3 June 2017, fixed in 99.5% EtOH.
Description: External morphology. Circa 40 cylindrical polyps connected by strongly developed light beige coenenchyme on stalks of hexactinellid sponges (Hyalonema sp.) in preserved specimen. Colony covered upper part of the stalks, but not around the spiculous anchor. Contracted preserved polyps 1.0–3.0 mm in height, 1.5–3.5 mm in diameter.
Remarks: The capitulums of this specimen (QM G337590) were not swollen, while capitulums of the examined specimens of Epizoanthus fatuus (NSMT-Co 1757, NSMT-Co 1758) were swollen when contracted. On the other hand, numbers of tentacles and mesenteries were the same between QM G337590 and the examined specimens of E. fatuus. Therefore, we here preliminarily identify the examined specimen as Epizoanthus aff. fatuus.
description: Published as part of Kise, Hiroki, Montenegro, Javier, Santos, Maria E. A., Hoeksema, Bert W., Ekins, Merrick, Ise, Yuji, Higashiji, Takuo, Fernandez-Silva, Iria & Reimer, James D., 2022, Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species, pp. 323-347 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 on pages 330-331, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab068, http://zenodo.org/record/5799592
Epizoanthus armatus Gray 1867
Creators: name: Kise, Hiroki
name: Montenegro, Javier
name: Santos, Maria E. A.
name: Hoeksema, Bert W.
name: Ekins, Merrick
name: Ise, Yuji
name: Higashiji, Takuo
name: Fernandez-Silva, Iria
name: Reimer, James D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Zoantharia
Epizoanthidae
Epizoanthus

description: EPIZOANTHUS AFF. ARMATUS CARLGREN, 1923
(FIG. 3E)
Material examined: MISE-HPD1323 (NSMT-Co 1759), Kuroshima Island, Kagoshima, Japan, 24°13 ′ 36.1 ″ N, 124°06 ′ 18.0 ″E, depth 468 m, ROV, coll. J. D. Reimer on RV Natsushima, 19 Sep 2011, fixed in 90% ethanol.
Description: External morphology. Circa 80 cylindrical polyps connected by strongly developed light-brownish coenenchyme on stalks of hexactinellid sponges (Hyalonema sp.) in preserved specimen. Colony covered the upper part of the stalks, but not around the spiculous anchor. Contracted preserved polyps well developed and 0.5–4.9 mm in height, 2.5–7.8 mm in diameter.Capitulary ridges present but weakly pronounced when contracted, c. 14–16 in number. The numbers of tentacles of each polyp c. 28–32 and tentacles arranged in two rows.
Internal morphology. Zooxanthellae absent. Number of mesenteries 28–32, in macrocnemic arrangement. Reticulate mesogleal musculature.
Habitat and distribution: Off Kuroshima, Okinawa, in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan at a depth of 468 m. Epizoanthus armatus has previously been reported from off Somalia in the Indian Ocean (Carlgren, 1923).
Associated host: Hyalonema sp.
Remarks: Polyp dimensions of the examined specimen are larger than those of E. fatuus and E. stellaris, and this specimen resembles E. armatus as described by Carlgren (1923). The morphological characters and dimensions observed in the examined specimen agree well with the original description by Carlgren (1923). Epizoanthus armatus was originally described from East Africa (Carlgren, 1923). Kise et al. (2018) reported the existence of E. planus Carlgren, 1923 in Japanese waters, and this species was also originally described from East Africa.Therefore, it is possible that E. armatus may also be distributed in Japanese waters. However, the collected depths of the examined specimen in this study and the specimens Carlgren (1923) examined are different (468 m vs. 741–1362 m deep). We also could not observe internal morphology of the examined specimen due to its poor preserved condition. Therefore, we here preliminarily identified the examined specimen as Epizoanthus aff. armatus. Examination of additional specimens combined with molecular analyses should help confirm the identity of this specimen.
description: Published as part of Kise, Hiroki, Montenegro, Javier, Santos, Maria E. A., Hoeksema, Bert W., Ekins, Merrick, Ise, Yuji, Higashiji, Takuo, Fernandez-Silva, Iria & Reimer, James D., 2022, Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species, pp. 323-347 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 on pages 332-333, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab068, http://zenodo.org/record/5799592
Churabana Kise & Montenegro & Santos & Hoeksema & Ekins & Ise & Higashiji & Fernandez-Silva & Reimer 2022, GEN. NOV.
Creators: name: Kise, Hiroki
name: Montenegro, Javier
name: Santos, Maria E. A.
name: Hoeksema, Bert W.
name: Ekins, Merrick
name: Ise, Yuji
name: Higashiji, Takuo
name: Fernandez-Silva, Iria
name: Reimer, James D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Zoantharia
Parazoanthidae
Churabana

description: GENUS CHURABANA GEN. NOV.
(FIG. 4A–H)
Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: EACFCC05-EA56-4F04-94A2-FB716F22004C.
Type species: Churabana kuroshioae sp. nov. by original designation.
Diagnosis: Parazoanthidae with obligate symbiotic relationship with massive hexasterophoran sponges. Preserved polyps 3.0–4.0 mm in height, 2.8–4.0 mm in diameter. Azooxanthellate. Cteniform endodermal marginal musculature.
Remarks: Churabana and other already described sponge-associated zoantharian genera can be easily distinguished from each other by their host sponges (Hexactinellida sponges vs. Demospongiae sponge) and depths; the former can be found at> 140 m, while the latter are found in shallow coral reefs. Although Churabana and several species within Isozoanthus and Epizoanthus are associated with Hexactinellida sponges, these three genera can be distinguished from each other by their hosts: the latter two genera are associated with species within the subclass Amphidiscophora, while species of Churabana are associated with sponge species within the subclass Hexasterophora. Churabana has a unique deletion of 15 bp (from position 168 to 182 in our alignment) in its 16S-rDNA region.
Etymology: The generic name is derived from the Ryukyuan language words chura, beautiful, and bana, flower, referring to the appearance of this species. Gender feminine. The Japanese name is 'Chura-tama-sunaginchaku'.
description: Published as part of Kise, Hiroki, Montenegro, Javier, Santos, Maria E. A., Hoeksema, Bert W., Ekins, Merrick, Ise, Yuji, Higashiji, Takuo, Fernandez-Silva, Iria & Reimer, James D., 2022, Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species, pp. 323-347 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 on page 333, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab068, http://zenodo.org/record/5799592
Vitrumanthus Kise & Montenegro & Santos & Hoeksema & Ekins & Ise & Higashiji & Fernandez-Silva & Reimer 2022, GEN. NOV.
Creators: name: Kise, Hiroki
name: Montenegro, Javier
name: Santos, Maria E. A.
name: Hoeksema, Bert W.
name: Ekins, Merrick
name: Ise, Yuji
name: Higashiji, Takuo
name: Fernandez-Silva, Iria
name: Reimer, James D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Zoantharia
Parazoanthidae
Vitrumanthus

description: GENUS VITRUMANTHUS GEN. NOV.
(FIGS 6–8)
Type species: Vitrumanthus schrieri sp. nov. by original designation.
Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 00F773E4-4535-49F4-8CDA-30F569190BEF.
Diagnosis: Parazoanthidae with obligate symbiotic r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h m a s s i v e h e x a s t e r o p h o r a n a n d D e m o s p o n g i a e s p o n g e s. P r e s e r v e d p o l y p s 0.3–3.1 mm in length, 0.8–3.4 mm in diameter. Azooxanthellate. Cyclically transitional marginal musculature.
Remarks: Vitrumanthus is distinguished from genus Churabana by its marginal musculature. In Vitrumanthus, cyclically transitional marginal musculature with several mesogleal lacunae was observed, while in Churabana cteniform endodermal marginal musculature with comb-like mesogleal pleats was seen. Molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly support the distinctiveness between Churabana and Vitrumanthus. In the 16S-rDNA region, Vitrumanthus has a unique deletion of 15 bp (positions 136–150 in our alignment).
Etymology: The generic name is derived from the Latin word vitruma, glass, and Greek word anthos, flower, referring to the appearance of this genus. Gender masculine. The Japanese name is 'Ruri-sunaginchaku'.
description: Published as part of Kise, Hiroki, Montenegro, Javier, Santos, Maria E. A., Hoeksema, Bert W., Ekins, Merrick, Ise, Yuji, Higashiji, Takuo, Fernandez-Silva, Iria & Reimer, James D., 2022, Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species, pp. 323-347 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 on page 336, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab068, http://zenodo.org/record/5799592
Kauluzoanthus SINNIGER
Creators: name: Kise, Hiroki
name: Montenegro, Javier
name: Santos, Maria E. A.
name: Hoeksema, Bert W.
name: Ekins, Merrick
name: Ise, Yuji
name: Higashiji, Takuo
name: Fernandez-Silva, Iria
name: Reimer, James D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Zoantharia
Parazoanthidae
Kauluzoanthus

description: GENUS KAULUZOANTHUS SINNIGER ET AL., 2013
Type species: Kauluzoanthus kerbyi Sinniger et al., 2013
Diagnosis: Polyps do not contract when fixed. Characteristic insertion/deletion pattern in the 16S V5 region sensu Sinniger et al. (2005) (Sinniger et al., 2013).
description: Published as part of Kise, Hiroki, Montenegro, Javier, Santos, Maria E. A., Hoeksema, Bert W., Ekins, Merrick, Ise, Yuji, Higashiji, Takuo, Fernandez-Silva, Iria & Reimer, James D., 2022, Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species, pp. 323-347 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 on page 341, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab068, http://zenodo.org/record/5799592
Kauluzoanthus undetermined
Creators: name: Kise, Hiroki
name: Montenegro, Javier
name: Santos, Maria E. A.
name: Hoeksema, Bert W.
name: Ekins, Merrick
name: Ise, Yuji
name: Higashiji, Takuo
name: Fernandez-Silva, Iria
name: Reimer, James D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Zoantharia
Parazoanthidae
Kauluzoanthus
Kauluzoanthus undetermined

description: KAULUZOANTHUS SP.
(FIG. 9A–B)
Material examined: USNM 1424050, French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii (23°56.649 ′ N, 166°02.187 ′ W), 1225 m, ROV, coll. RV Okeanos Explorer, NOAA on 28 February 2016, fixed in 99.5% EtOH.
Description: Non-encrusted azooxanthellate zoantharians. The examined specimen associated with Hyalonema sp. Preserved polyps cylindrical and c. 1.8–9.6 mm in height, 3.9–6.7 mm in diameter, with brown column in coloration. Thin coenenchyme completely covering stalk of Hyalonema sp. Capitulary ridges discernible, 14–16 in number when contracted. Tentacles relatively short, as long as expanded oral disk diameter. Numbers of tentacles 28–32.
Associated host: Hyalonema sp.
Distribution and habitats: North Pacific Ocean: French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii, at a depth of 1225 m.
Remarks: The genus Kauluzoanthus is known to associate with the gold coral Kulamanamana haumeaae and with several octocoral species (Sinniger et al., 2013). However, our examined specimen was associated with Hyalonema sponges, and was genetically close to Ka. kerbyi based on the results in this study. This finding suggests that Kauluzoanthus species are not host-specific to Ku. haumeaae or other octocorals. However, we could not obtain any 16S-rDNA sequences, which contain the V5 region sensu Sinniger et al. (2005). Therefore, further integrated studies including morphological and ecological studies are needed to describe this putative new species.
description: Published as part of Kise, Hiroki, Montenegro, Javier, Santos, Maria E. A., Hoeksema, Bert W., Ekins, Merrick, Ise, Yuji, Higashiji, Takuo, Fernandez-Silva, Iria & Reimer, James D., 2022, Evolution and phylogeny of glass-sponge-associated zoantharians, with a description of two new genera and three new species, pp. 323-347 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 on pages 341-342, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab068, http://zenodo.org/record/5799592
Bathypogoninae
Creators: name: Dennis, Steve
name: Barnes, Jeffrey K.
name: Knutson, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: Subfamily Bathypogoninae
The only published information on the eggs of the Bathypogoninae is for Bathypogon spp. There are at least seven eggs per oviposition in the soil. The eggs are cream colored and elongate. The eggs have not been examined with a SEM.
There is no information on the larvae of Bathypogoninae and only general morphological information on pupae.
description: Published as part of Dennis, Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2013, Review and analysis of information on the biology and morphology of immature stages of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3673 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3673.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/283950
Brachyrhopalinae
Creators: name: Dennis, Steve
name: Barnes, Jeffrey K.
name: Knutson, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: Subfamily Brachyrhopalinae
Most eggs of Brachyrhopalinae have been oviposited in the soil or debris on the ground, although Brachyrhopala may oviposit on vegetation such as Acacia spp. Cyrtopogon oviposit 2 to 4 eggs that are elongate and creamy white. The eggs range in length from 1.12 to 1.42 mm and width from 0.42 to 0.56 mm. They have not been examined with a SEM.
The larval and pupal stages occur in the soil. The larval stage for Brachyrhopala lasts for about 155 days; whereas the pupal stage for Brachyrhopala and Holopogon lasts for 23 to 42 days.
Larvae of Brachyrhopala are reported to feed on the larvae of Cerambycidae (Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius)). Holopogon larvae feed on Coleoptera and other insect larvae.
Some morphological information has been published on the larvae of Cyrtopogon and Heteropogon. Morphological information on the pupae has been published for Ceraturgus, Cyrtopogon, Heteropogon, and Holopogon.
description: Published as part of Dennis, Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2013, Review and analysis of information on the biology and morphology of immature stages of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3673 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3673.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/283950
Dasypogoninae
Creators: name: Dennis, Steve
name: Barnes, Jeffrey K.
name: Knutson, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: Subfamily Dasypogoninae
Female Dasypogoninae oviposit 1 to 11 eggs in the soil, although Leptarthrus brevirostris (Meigen) has been observed to oviposit on a dead branch on the ground. The eggs are creamy white to white, and long-oval to elongate. They range in length from 0.87 to 1.11 mm and width from 0.02 to 0.51 mm. Megapoda has nipples, tubercles and aeropyles on the egg surface; and one micropyle in a circular area that has a thick evaginated rim.
Like Antipalus varipes, Dasypogon diadema (Fabricius) has one to six eggs in a “sand ball or cocoon” from the sand in which they are oviposited. Between the eggs and the sand grains is a “silky lining”; whereas, A. varipes oviposits only one egg that is covered with sand grains without a silky lining. The egg stage of D. diadema lasts from 6 to 17 days in the laboratory.
Most Dasypogoninae larvae and pupae develop in the soil; those in the tribe Megapodini develop in plant roots and decaying stumps/logs. The larvae are reported to feed on Cerambycidae and Scarabaeidae larvae. There is no information on how long the larval stage lasts; the pupal stage of D. diadema is reported to last 27 days.
Morphological information has been published on the larvae of D. diadema. Pupal case descriptions or descriptive information has been published for Comantella, Dasypogon, Diogmites, Megapodini, and Pseudorus.
description: Published as part of Dennis, Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2013, Review and analysis of information on the biology and morphology of immature stages of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3673 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3673.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/283950
Dioctriinae
Creators: name: Dennis, Steve
name: Barnes, Jeffrey K.
name: Knutson, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: Subfamily Dioctriinae
There is limited information on the immature stages of the subfamily Dioctriinae. The females drop 1 to 18 eggs per oviposition on vegetation or the ground. The reddish brown or dull brown, subspherical to oval eggs are 0.40 to 0.56 mm in length and 0.30 to 0.48 mm in width. Examination of the eggs with a SEM indicates that they have surface sculpturing such as 5- to 7-sided polygons, oval rings, pimples, and elevated ridges. Aeropyles are present inside or outside of rings and may be surrounded by slightly elevated ridges. There is one micropyle in a smooth area that may be surrounded by cup-like structures.
Dioctriinae larvae and pupae develop in the soil or decaying wood. Some morphological information has been published on the larvae and pupae of Dioctria.
description: Published as part of Dennis, Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2013, Review and analysis of information on the biology and morphology of immature stages of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3673 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3673.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/283950
Leptogastrinae
Creators: name: Dennis, Steve
name: Barnes, Jeffrey K.
name: Knutson, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: Subfamily Leptogastrinae
Females in the genus Leptogaster drop, singly, 1 to 8 eggs to the ground as they are flying or resting on vegetation. The oval eggs are amber to light yellow-brown or light yellow. They range in length from 0.32 to 0.50 mm and width from 0.25 to 0.39 mm.
The surface of the eggs of Leptogaster and Psilonyx is either smooth, or they have varying shapes of polygons without ridges. The eggs of Beameromyia and Tipulogaster are smooth without ridges. Aeropyles have not been observed on Leptogastrinae eggs. There are one or two micropyles in a smooth to elevated area. The egg stage lasts for 9 to 14 days.
Leptogaster larvae develop in soil; those of Mesoleptogaster are said to develop in deciduous trees. Morphological information, including figures, is available for Leptogaster larvae and pupae, and Apachekolos pupal cases.
description: Published as part of Dennis, Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2013, Review and analysis of information on the biology and morphology of immature stages of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3673 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3673.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/283950
Ommatiinae
Creators: name: Dennis, Steve
name: Barnes, Jeffrey K.
name: Knutson, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: Subfamily Ommatiinae
Limited information has been published since 1972 on the immature stages of Ommatiinae. The eggs of Ommatius are dropped onto the ground. Some descriptive information has been published on the pupae, but only Ommatius spp. pupae have been described in detail with figures.
description: Published as part of Dennis, Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2013, Review and analysis of information on the biology and morphology of immature stages of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3673 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3673.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/283950
Stenopogoninae
Creators: name: Dennis, Steve
name: Barnes, Jeffrey K.
name: Knutson, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: Subfamily Stenopogoninae
Genera of Stenopogoninae deposit 3 to 20 eggs at a time in the soil. The eggs are suboval to elongate, and creamy white to white. The elongate eggs range in length from 0.90 to 2.29 mm and width from 0.52 to 0.77 mm. The suboval eggs of Archilestroides and Taperigna are 0.90 to 1.20 mm long and 0.60 to 0.72 mm wide.
Archilestroides eggs have raised bodies of irregular shapes and sizes. The eggs of Taperigna have hexagonal chorionic sculpturing. Both genera have aeropyles spread homogeneously on the egg surface and one or two circular to elongate micropyles in smooth areas.
Stenopogon larvae are known to feed on scarab beetle larvae and other insect larvae. The larvae of Grypoctonus in Japan have been described and figured, and Stenopogon spp. pupae have been described and figured.
description: Published as part of Dennis, Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2013, Review and analysis of information on the biology and morphology of immature stages of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3673 (1) on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3673.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/283950
Stichopogoninae
Creators: name: Dennis, Steve
name: Barnes, Jeffrey K.
name: Knutson, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: Subfamily Stichopogoninae
Limited information on the immatures of this subfamily has been published since 1972. The eggs are oviposited in the soil, but none has been described in detail. The eggs of Lasiopogon are oval and some species of Stichopogon are believed to not have aeropyles.
Lasiopogon larvae and pupae develop in the soil with the latter maturing in 17 days. Stichopogon larvae and pupae also are believed to develop in the soil. There are general descriptions of the pupae for the subfamily, and of the larvae and pupae for Lasiopogon.
description: Published as part of Dennis, Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2013, Review and analysis of information on the biology and morphology of immature stages of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3673 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3673.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/283950
Tillobromatinae
Creators: name: Dennis, Steve
name: Barnes, Jeffrey K.
name: Knutson, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: Subfamily Tillobromatinae
The only information on the immatures of the subfamily Tillobromatinae is speculation on where the eggs are oviposited (in soil) and a general description of the pupae.
description: Published as part of Dennis, Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2013, Review and analysis of information on the biology and morphology of immature stages of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3673 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3673.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/283950
Trigonomiminae
Creators: name: Dennis, Steve
name: Barnes, Jeffrey K.
name: Knutson, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: Subfamily Trigonomiminae
Genera in the subfamily Trigonomiminae drop 3 to 326 eggs onto the soil or possibly onto vegetation. The spherical to slightly oval or oval eggs are creamy white to light or dark brown. They range in length from 0.24 to 0.32 mm and width from 0.16 to 0.32 mm. Damalis eggs have hexagons and tiny spicules on the surface. The eggs of Holcocephala have irregular pentagons and hexagons with thick or tall, thin ridges. Aeropyles are present on the eggs of Holcocephala. Damalis and Holcocephala eggs have one micropyle with the micropyle of the latter in a broad, smooth or floral-like area.
The egg stage of Damalis lasts 14 days and the larvae and pupae occur in the soil. First-instar larvae of Damalis have been described and figured. General information on Trigonomiminae pupae has been published.
description: Published as part of Dennis, Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2013, Review and analysis of information on the biology and morphology of immature stages of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3673 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3673.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/283950
Willistonininae
Creators: name: Dennis, Steve
name: Barnes, Jeffrey K.
name: Knutson, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae

description: Subfamily Willistonininae
Ablautus rufotibialis Back deposits one white egg per oviposition in the soil. The eggs of this species have not been examined using SEM. There is no information on the larvae and only a general description of Willistonininae pupae has been published.
description: Published as part of Dennis, Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. & Knutson, Lloyd, 2013, Review and analysis of information on the biology and morphology of immature stages of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae), pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3673 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3673.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/283950
Lonchaea polyhamata
Creators: name: Macgowan, Iain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Lonchaeidae
Lonchaea
Lonchaea polyhamata

description: Lonchaea polyhamata species-group.
Diagnosis. Within the genus Lonchaea the L. polyhamata species group is distinguished as follows;
Description. Male: Eyes with a sparse covering of short pale hairs, these less or equal to width of an ocellus. Frontal and interfrontal setulae short, not more than 0.2x length of orbital seta. postpedicel predominantly black, length to depth ratio in range of 1.9–2.4:1. Arista short pubescent. Proepimeron and proepisternum each with 1 seta. Anepisternum with 3 anterior and 4 posterior setae. Katepisternum with 2 setae near dorsal margin (MacGowan & Rotheray, 2008. Fig 25). Calypteres pale with a pale fringe. Wings light fumose, wing length 4.0– 4.5mm. Legs entirely black.
Male terminalia: Epandrium, portion anterior to suture well-developed as a distinct sclerite (Fig 1 t 9 & t10). Surstylus usually with 2–3 large projections on posterior or ventral surface but without setae on medial surface. (Figs. 2, 3 Sur). Hypandrium only loosely connected to hypandrial apodeme, posterior process of hypandrium well developed (Fig.1), phallus a small simple structure (Fig. 1), parameres greatly elongated and ornamented (Figs. 1, 3 Para). A pair of ventrally directed processes located at base of cerci (Fig. 3 V pro).
This species group is distinguished within the Afrotropical Lonchaea by the short—haired eyes, 2 setae on katepisternum and slightly fumose wings. The structures within the male genitalia are diagnostic namely; epandrium with a discrete sclerite anterior to the suture the long posterior apodeme of hypandrium and the large, extended, often ornamented parameres. At present this species group is retained within the genus Lonchaea but given the distinct morphology of this group, future DNA analysis may reveal whether it merits generic status.
Distribution. The L. polyhamata species group as defined here comprises 7 species all Afrotropical with a known distribution ranging from South Africa to Kenya.
Ecology. Unfortunately no rearing data is directly associated with the specimens described in this paper. However the elevated altitude at which the specimens were captured is perhaps significant indicating that members of this species group are associated with cooler sub-montane areas: Lonchaea dama —estimated altitude of capture location— 2000m, L. mbeya — 2200m, L. njombe — 2000m, L. taita — 1800m, L. zomba — 1400m, L. polyhamata— 1500m and L. teratosa- 800m. This cooler environment may influence features such as the presence of eye pilosity which is more generally associated, at least in the Palaearctic region, with species of Lonchaea which emerge as adults in the lower temperatures of early spring.
description: Published as part of Macgowan, Iain, 2018, Definition of the Lonchaea polyhamata species-group (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) with a description of new species, pp. 325-342 in Zootaxa 4446 (3) on page 326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1444211
Lonchaea polyhamata McAlpine 1964
Creators: name: Macgowan, Iain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Lonchaeidae
Lonchaea
Lonchaea polyhamata

description: Lonchaea polyhamata McAlpine, 1964, p751.
Male terminalia: (Figs. 21–24). Surstylus projecting posteriorly from shell of epandrium as a rectangular process from which arises 2 claw-like hooks. Parameres asymmetrical, long and narrow without obvious serrations or denticles, left simple and sickle-like, right with a shorter, blunter apex and a large pointed medial tooth on apical quarter.
Previous records; SOUTH AFRICA, Natal; Town Bush, Pietermaritzburg, 18 Dec. 1961, Karkloof, 4. ix. 1960, B. and P. Stuckenberg. Holotype and allotype, type no. 1065, in Natal Museum; Paratype ♂, ♀, type no. 8609, (CNC).
description: Published as part of Macgowan, Iain, 2018, Definition of the Lonchaea polyhamata species-group (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) with a description of new species, pp. 325-342 in Zootaxa 4446 (3) on page 334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1444211
Lonchaea teratosa McAlpine 1964
Creators: name: Macgowan, Iain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Lonchaeidae
Lonchaea
Lonchaea teratosa

description: Lonchaea teratosa McAlpine, 1964, p752.
Male terminalia: (Figs. 25–28) Surstylus projecting postero-ventrally from shell of epandrium bearing three ventrally projecting hooks. Parameres asymmetrical, both long and sickle-like with a pointed apical process and a medial tooth. Left paramere with medial tooth positioned a quarter of the paramere length from the apex, right paramere with tooth one third of the paramere length from apex.
Previous record; Holotype ♂, SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape; Storms River Pass, Tsitsikama Range, Indigenous Forest, 12–13.x. 1959, B. and P. Stuckenberg. Type no. 1066, in Natal Museum.
Additional record: SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape, Benedos Forest, 800m, 29–30.iii.2009, A. Kirk- Spriggs, 1♂. in National Museum, Bloemfontein.
description: Published as part of Macgowan, Iain, 2018, Definition of the Lonchaea polyhamata species-group (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) with a description of new species, pp. 325-342 in Zootaxa 4446 (3) on page 334, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1444211
Lonchaea dichaeta McAlpine 1964
Creators: name: Macgowan, Iain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Lonchaeidae
Lonchaea
Lonchaea dichaeta

description: Lonchaea dichaeta McAlpine, 1964, p750.
Described by McAlpine (1964) from a single male Holotype without illustration of the male genitalia.
Male terminalia: (Figs. 39–41) Cerci short and fleshy. Epandrium in side view at least twice as high as long; gradually tapered from dorsum to rounded ventral margin; ventral margin irregularly serrate. Surstyli greatly reduced and asymmetrical; ventral lobe of surstylus bearing a stump-like process at medial base, left twice as large as right; apices of these processes irregularly serrate. Phallus non-segmented; simply S-shaped; tapered to slender apex on apical half.
Previous record: RWANDA; For. du Rugege, (Foret du Rugege) Rutovu, 20–23 Jan. 1953, 2350 m., P. Basilewski. (MRAC).
description: Published as part of Macgowan, Iain, 2018, Definition of the Lonchaea polyhamata species-group (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) with a description of new species, pp. 325-342 in Zootaxa 4446 (3) on page 340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/1444211
Bdellidae Duges
Creators: name: Hernandes, Fabio A.
name: Skvarla, Michael J.
name: Fisher, Ray
name: Dowling, Ashley P. G.
name: Ochoa, Ronald
name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
name: Bauchan, Gary R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Prostigmata
Bdellidae

description: Bdellidae Dugès
Bdellei Dugès, 1834: 21; (for exhaustive reference list see Thor, 1931a: 1).
description: Published as part of Hernandes, Fabio A., Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, Ray, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Ochoa, Ronald, Ueckermann, Edward A. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world, pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4152 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4152.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261900
Utilización de medios audiovisuales producidos por Inteligencia Artificial para la docencia
Creators: name: Gil-Ruiz, Paula
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: GenAI
Ciencias Políticas
Educación
Visualización
Pensamiento Crítico
Inteligencia Artificial

description: Esta presentación explora el potencial de la Inteligencia Artificial Generativa (GenAI) como herramienta educativa en la enseñanza de Ciencias Políticas. Ejemplos de aplicaciones:

Visualización histórica y teórica: Uso de GenAI para recrear contextos históricos o simular escenarios futuros, conectados con teorías políticas.

Representación abstracta: Creación de visualizaciones y animaciones que ilustren conceptos políticos complejos como el contrato social, la utopía o la anarquía.

Estimulación del pensamiento crítico: Propuesta de actividades en las que los estudiantes analicen los sesgos o perspectivas en contenidos generados por IA.

Ejemplos prácticos:

Simulaciones interactivas: Diálogos entre ideologías opuestas, como el liberalismo y el comunismo.

Narrativas distópicas: Representación visual de sociedades distópicas para debatir su relevancia en Teoría Política.

Falsificación y desinformación: Análisis de riesgos asociados a la propagación de narrativas falsas mediante IA.

Sesgos en los algoritmos: Reflexión sobre cómo la IA puede reforzar perspectivas ideológicas.
Trachymolgus Berlese
Creators: name: Hernandes, Fabio A.
name: Skvarla, Michael J.
name: Fisher, Ray
name: Dowling, Ashley P. G.
name: Ochoa, Ronald
name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
name: Bauchan, Gary R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Prostigmata
Bdellidae
Trachymolgus

description: Trachymolgus Berlese
Trachymolgus Berlese, 1923: 242; Thor, 1931a: 40.
Type-species: Bdella nigerrima Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876 by original designation.
83. Trachymolgus jesusi Mejía-Recamier & Palacios-Vargas, 1999: 165; Jalisco, Chamela, México. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at UNAM, paratypes at UGA, CRA and CNC.
84. Trachymolgus nigerrima (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876): 108; Italy. Original designation: Bdella nigerrima Canestrini & Fanzago.—Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877: 104; Canestrini, 1886: 189; Berlese, 1883: 214; Thor, 1931a: 40; Trachymolgus nigerrimus; Berlese, 1923: 242; Sosnina et al. (1965: 279).
a. Acarus citri Hasselquist, 1757: 431; Oudemans, 1926b: 118; synonymy according to Thor, 1931a; Bdella citri, Thor (1931a).
Distribution. Italy, Switzerland (Thor 1931a), Georgia (Gomelauri 1963b), Switzerland (Schweizer & Bader 1963), Bulgaria (Sosnina et al. 1965), Ukraine (Kuznetsov & Livshits 1979a).
Type deposition. Unknown.
85. Trachymolgus purpureus Fisher & Dowling, 2011: 5 (in Fisher et al. 2011); Ozark Highlands, Arkansas, USA. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at ACUA, paratypes at OSAL, FMNH, USNM.
86. Trachymolgus recki Gomelauri, 1961: 69; Sukhumi and Tbilisi, Georgia, ex oak leaves and tree stocks in forest.
Type deposition. Unknown.
description: Published as part of Hernandes, Fabio A., Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, Ray, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Ochoa, Ronald, Ueckermann, Edward A. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world, pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4152 (1) on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4152.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261900
Polytrichus van Der Schyff, Theron & Ueckermann
Creators: name: Hernandes, Fabio A.
name: Skvarla, Michael J.
name: Fisher, Ray
name: Dowling, Ashley P. G.
name: Ochoa, Ronald
name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
name: Bauchan, Gary R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Prostigmata
Bdellidae
Polytrichus

description: Polytrichus van Der Schyff, Theron & Ueckermann
Type-species: Polytrichus yemenensis van Der Schyff, Theron & Ueckermann, 2003 by original designation.
87. Polytrichus yemenensis van Der Schyff, Theron & Ueckermann, 2003: 21; Djebel An-Nabi Shuaib, Yemen. Type deposition. NCA.
description: Published as part of Hernandes, Fabio A., Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, Ray, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Ochoa, Ronald, Ueckermann, Edward A. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world, pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4152 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4152.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261900
Monotrichobdella Baker & Balock
Creators: name: Hernandes, Fabio A.
name: Skvarla, Michael J.
name: Fisher, Ray
name: Dowling, Ashley P. G.
name: Ochoa, Ronald
name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
name: Bauchan, Gary R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Prostigmata
Bdellidae
Monotrichobdella

description: Monotrichobdella Baker & Balock
Monotrichobdella Baker & Balock, 1944: 176.
Type-species: Monotrichobdella maxosburni Baker & Balock, 1944 by original designation.
120. Monotrichobdella maxosburni Baker & Balock, 1944: 176; near Tres Cumbres, Mexico-Cuernavaca Highway, Morelos, Mexico, ex lichens.
Distribution. Mexico (Morelos, Salazar, Distrito Federal) (Baker & Balock 1944; Atyeo 1960a), Taiwan (Tseng 1978).
Redescriptions. Atyeo (1960a), Tseng (1978).
Type deposition. USNM.
description: Published as part of Hernandes, Fabio A., Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, Ray, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Ochoa, Ronald, Ueckermann, Edward A. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world, pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4152 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4152.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261900
Tetrabdella Hernandes & Feres
Creators: name: Hernandes, Fabio A.
name: Skvarla, Michael J.
name: Fisher, Ray
name: Dowling, Ashley P. G.
name: Ochoa, Ronald
name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
name: Bauchan, Gary R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Prostigmata
Bdellidae
Tetrabdella

description: Tetrabdella Hernandes & Feres
Type-species: Tetrabdella neotropica Hernandes & Feres, 2006 by original designation.
158. Tetrabdella neotropica Hernandes & Feres, 2006: 60; Cedral, São Paulo, Brazil, ex Hevea brasiliensis M.Arg. (Euphorbiaceae).
Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at DZSJRP, paratype at USNM.
description: Published as part of Hernandes, Fabio A., Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, Ray, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Ochoa, Ronald, Ueckermann, Edward A. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world, pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4152 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4152.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261900
Die Sichtbarkeit von Open Access-Publikationen – Diagramme
Creators: name: Can, Eylem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Das Teilprojekt 5 (TP5) – Sichtbarkeit von Open Access-Publikationen von Austrian Transition to Open Access 2 (AT2OA2) widmete sich u.a. der Frage, ob Open Access, neben der besseren Verfügbarkeit von wissenschaftlicher Literatur, auch zur Erhöhung der Sichtbarkeit beiträgt. Als primärer Aufhänger und zugleich Vehikel, um dieser und weiteren Fragen nachzugehen, dienten insbesondere alternative Metriken (Altmetrics), da es längst nicht mehr allein zitationsbasierte Metriken sind, die Aufschluss über die Rezeption wissenschaftlicher Leistungen geben. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt im Rahmen der Tätigkeiten lag auf der Durchführung einer Studie in Kooperation mit Altmetric (Digital Science). Hierfür wurde ein Datensatz, der im Rahmen des Vorgängerprojekts AT2OA generiert wurde und die Publikationsjahre 2015–2018 abdeckt, in mehreren Schritten mit Daten zu Publikationen der Jahre 2019–2021 erweitert, mit Hilfe von Altmetric angereichert und im Anschluss daran anhand von spezifischen Forschungsfragen analysiert. Besonders angemerkt sei hier, dass ein wesentliches Alleinstellungsmerkmal dieser Studie der Einsatz normalisierter Altmetrics-Daten (Relative Index Metric) ist. Neben der durchgeführten Studie und deren Ergebnissen stellen die teilweise von diesen abgeleiteten, abschließenden Empfehlungen zur Steigerung der Sichtbarkeit wissenschaftlicher Leistungen wohl den wichtigsten Outcome dar. Bei diesem Dokument handelt es sich um eine Sammlung aller im Zuge der Studie generierten Diagramme, das ein Teil des Anhangs der Publikation Die Sichtbarkeit von Open Access-Publikationen – Ergebnisse des Teilprojekts 5 von Austrian Transition to Open Access 2 (AT2OA2) ist.
Bdellidae
Creators: name: Hernandes, Fabio A.
name: Skvarla, Michael J.
name: Fisher, Ray
name: Dowling, Ashley P. G.
name: Ochoa, Ronald
name: Ueckermann, Edward A.
name: Bauchan, Gary R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Prostigmata
Bdellidae

description: Fossil BDELLIDAE
279. Bdella vetusta Ewing, 1934: 58; Manitoban amber (Cretaceous, ~ 76–79 Ma), Cedar Lake, Manitoba, Canada. Type deposition. ROME.
280. Bdella lata Koch & Berendt, 1854: 872 —not Bdella lata Ewing (1909b); Baltic amber (~44 Ma).
281. Bdella bicincta Menge in Koch & Berendt, 1854: 108 —Baltic amber (~44 Ma).
282. Bdella bombycina Menge in Koch & Berendt, 1854: 108 —Baltic amber (~44 Ma).
283. Bdella obconica Menge in Koch & Berendt, 1854: 108 —Baltic amber (~44 Ma).
284. Bdellidae sp. (Aoki 1974 apud Dunlop et al. 2012).
description: Published as part of Hernandes, Fabio A., Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, Ray, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Ochoa, Ronald, Ueckermann, Edward A. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world, pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4152 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4152.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261900
Isotomidae Schaeffer 1896
Creators: name: Thibaud, J. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Collembola
Entomobryomorpha
Isotomidae

description: Famille Isotomidae Schaeffer, 1896
Genre Archisotoma Linnaniemi, 1912 Archisotoma madagascariensis Thibaud, 2008 MATERIEL ETUDIE.Nosy Be, sable de la plage d’Ambaro: 1 ex. Espèce décrite d’une plage de Fort Dauphin [Thibaud, 2008a], retrouvée à Maurice [Thibaud, 2008b] et à la Grande Comore [Thibaud, 2012]. Espèce psammobionte, assez rare. Elle est connue à Madagascar de plages à Nosy Be, Fort Dauphin, Tamatave et Antalaha.
description: Published as part of Thibaud, J. M., 2020, Les Collemboles des sables littoraux de la côte Ouest de Madagascar, plus spécialement ceux d'une plage de Mahajanga, pp. 1-5 in Russian Entomological Journal 29 (1) on page 3, DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.29.1.01, http://zenodo.org/record/10919938
Eugorgia alba Bielschowsky 1929, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Breedy, Odalisca
name: Guzman, Hector M.
name: Vargas, Sergio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Gorgoniidae
Eugorgia
Eugorgia alba

description: Eugorgia alba Bielschowsky, 1929 comb. nov.
Figures 3 A–C, 4
Eugorgia bradleyi var. alba Bielschowsky, 1929: 177 –178; Kükenthal 1924: 345.
Material examined. Holotype: ZMHC 2243, ethanol preserved, Acajutla, El Salvador, no further data.
Description. The holotype is a small colony, 5 cm in height and 3 cm in width. Branching is irregularly dichotomous (Fig. 3 A). Two main branches arise from a short stem, 1.2 cm long, and subdivide up to three times. The holdfast is missing from the holotype, but from Bielschowsky’s illustration (1929: plate 3, fig.15) it seems incrusting. Branches are slightly compressed in cross section, 3 mm in diameter at the base and tapered, more rounded at the branchlets. Branchlets are up to 2 mm in diameter. Unbranched final twigs reach up to 3 cm with pointed tips, about 1 mm in diameter. Polyps retract within slightly raised polyp-mounds with oval apertures (Fig. 3 B). Polyp-mounds are distributed in 2–4 longitudinal rows on the branches, and sparsely placed. Colour of the colony is white. Sclerites of the coenenchyme are mostly colourless, some with a pale pink hue. They are mostly double discs reaching up to 0.075 mm in length, and 0.06 mm in width (Fig. 3 C, 4). Spindles reach up to 0.13 mm in length, and 0.05 mm in width, with 4–6 whorls of tubercles, with ends mostly acute. No anthocodial rods were found in the samples.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Table 4).
Remarks. Bielschowsky (1929) described this species with a specimen from the coast of El Salvador and assumed it to be a variety of E. bradleyi. Although the holotype is the sole specimen of this species and thus we cannot consider intera-specific variability; we consider that the differences between E. bradleyi and E. bradleyi var. alba are sufficient to regard them as different species. Moreover, there are no records of E. bradleyi from the coast of El Salvador at present, but exploration there has been minimal. External morphology and colour of E. alba are very consistent with Leptogorgia alba Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; however, the sclerites, and especially the presence of double discs in of the former, places it in this different genus.
description: Published as part of Breedy, Odalisca, Guzman, Hector M. & Vargas, Sergio, 2009, A revision of the genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae), pp. 1-46 in Zootaxa 2151 on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188707