cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Minimal Model for Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Zizzi, Paola A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the model of a quantum computer with N qubits on a quantum space background, which is a fuzzy sphere with n=2^N elementary cells, can be viewed as the minimal model for Quantum Gravity. In fact, it is discrete, has no free parameters, is Lorentz invariant, naturally realizes the Holographic Principle, and defines a subset of punctures of spin networks' edges of Loop Quantum Gravity labelled by spins j=2^(N-1)-1/2. In this model, the discrete area spectrum of the cells, which is not equally spaced, is given in units of the minimal area of Loop Quantum Gravity (for j=1/2), and provides a discrete emission spectrum for quantum black holes. When the black hole emits one string of N bits encoded in one of the n cells, its horizon area decreases of an amount equal to the area of one cell.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, Contributed paper at DICE 2004, 1-4 September 2004, Piombino, Italy minor changes, misprints corrected
Note Bibliografiche: Besomi D. (2012) Crisis and Cycle in Economic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias ( Guglielmo Forges Davanzati )
Creators: name: Forges Davanzati, Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012

description: Moneta e Credito, V. 65, N. 257 (2012)
Introduzione: le politiche keynesiane non riguardano solo, né sempre, la spesa pubblica.(Introduction: Keynesian Policies Do not only, nor always, Imply Public Expenditure)
Creators: name: D'Ippoliti, Carlo
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Introduction, Euro, crisis, financial regulation, Keynesianism
subject: E11, G01, B50, H12

description: La breve nota introduce gli articoli raccolti nel presente numero della rivista.Mette in prospettiva i vari contributi, riassumendo in modo critico i principali sviluppi economici dalla pubblicazione dell'ultimo numero. The brief note introduces the articles collected in the present issue of the journal. It places the various contributions in perspective, critically summarizing the major economic developments since the publication of the last issue. JEL: E11, G01, B50, H12
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 65, N. 257 (2012)
Energy Estimates for Solutions of Spinodal Decomposition Problem
Creators: name: Affouf, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35G30, 35L65

description: We show the global existence of smooth solutions of a nonlinear partial differential equation modeling the dynamics of spinodal decomposition in diffusive materials
description: 6 pages
Gravastars in $f(R,T,R_{μν}T^{μν})$ Gravity
Creators: name: Yousaf, Z.
name: Bhatti, M. Z.
name: Asad, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work is devoted to study the analytical and regular solutions of a particular self-gravitating object (i.e., gravastar) in a particular theory of gravity. We derive the corresponding field equations in the presence of effective energy momentum tensor associated with the perfect fluid configuration of a spherical system. We then describe the mathematical formulations of the three respective regions i.e., inner, shell and exterior of a gravastar separately. Additionally, the significance and physical characteristics along with the graphical representation of gravastars are discussed in detail. It is seen that under some specific constraints, $f(R,T,R_{μν}T^{μν})$ gravity is likely to host gravastars.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures, version accepted for publication in Physics of the Dark Universe
Paolo Sylos Labini, 1920-2005
Creators: name: Roncaglia, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biography; Economic Thought; History of Economic Thought
subject: B31

description: In questo articolo, Alessandro Roncaglia rende un attento e dettagliato omaggio intellettuale alla memoria di Paolo Sylos Labini. Il contributo di Roncaglia fornisce allo stesso tempo un racconto biografico e racconta la traiettoria intellettuale del suo collega italiano. Mentre la teoria di Sylos Labini sull’ oligopolio e le sue forme di mercato costituisce, ovviamente, il centro della scena in queste riflessioni, essi vanno anche molto più lontano, includendo l'economia politica, dinamiche economiche, interrelazioni tra occupazione, crescita e distribuzione del reddito, l'economia dello sviluppo e la storia del pensiero economico. Questo lavoro mette in evidenza, in egual misura, i contributi e le realizzazioni dell'economista, così come le qualità della persona e del cittadino imparziale ed impegnato Paolo Sylos Labini. In this article, Alessandro Roncaglia renders a careful and detailed intellectual tribute to the memory of Paolo Sylos Labini. Roncaglia’s contribution provides at once a biographical account and recounts the intellectual trajectory of his Italian colleague. While Sylos Labini’s theory of oligopoly and his market forms obviously take centre stage in these reflections, they also reach much further afield, including political economy, economic dynamics, interrelations between employment, growth and income distribution, development economics and the history of economic thought. This paper highlights, in equal measure, the contributions and achievements of the economist, as well as the qualities of the person and the impartial and engaged citizen Paolo Sylos Labini. JEL Codes: B31 Kyewords: Biography; Economic Thought; History of Economic Thought
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 59, N. 233 (2006)
title: Understanding the Microfoundations of Environmental Improvement in SMEs: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan’s Leather Industry
Creators: name: Wahga, Aqueel
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2017

description: This qualitative study examines the environmental behaviour of leatherworking SMEs in Pakistan. It investigates the environmental drivers, enablers and barriers in these firms. The study makes an empirical contribution by examining an under-researched developing economy context, Pakistan, which has distinct institutional settings compared to many other countries, especially the developed ones. It also offers a methodological contribution by demonstrating that a hybrid theoretical framework informed by institutional theory, resource-based view, natural-resource-based view and dynamic capabilities perspective offers a better approach to develop the holistic and in-depth understanding of the environmental behaviour of SMEs. It enables the researcher to effectively capture the interactive effect of internal and external factors on the environmental transformation of SMEs. Grounded analysis of interview data has revealed that multilevel (micro-meso-macro) factors, such as environmental requirements of international customers, regulations of export markets, intermediary organisations and peers, operate in conjunction to exert the coercive, normative and mimetic isomorphic pressures on leatherworking SMEs to behave environmentally responsibly. Sustainability values of owner-managers, financial benefits and aspirations for image building also drive these firms to reduce their environmental footprints. Contributing theoretically, the study finds that dynamic capabilities for ecological learning, seizing environmental opportunities and enterprise reconfiguration enable environmentally progressive and moderate SMEs to reduce their pollution load. Social capital, environmentally proactive owner-managers and support programmes of cleaner production centres serve as key microfoundations to these capabilities. More specifically, due to the absence of effective formal institutional support, cleaner production centres have acted as the (informal) compensatory institutional structures and proto-institutional sponsors striving to institutionalise cleaner production practices in the leather industry. Through developing ‘eco-literacy’ skills amongst SME owners, managers and employees they have been motivating and enabling them to adopt innovative eco-friendly production processes and cleaner technologies. Some other capabilities including pollution prevention, product stewardship, absorptive capacity and strategic proactivity serve as precursors to the presence of these capabilities. Policy implications relate to addressing the financial barriers and institutional ‘gaps’, developing human resources and infrastructure, and better management of tannery clusters.
Symmetry breaking induced by random fluctuations for Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well trap
Creators: name: Garnier, J.
name: Abdullaev, F. Kh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to the study of the dynamics of two weakly-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a double-well trap and perturbed by random external forces. Energy diffusion due to random forcing allows the system to visit symmetry-breaking states when the number of atoms exceeds a threshold value. The energy distribution evolves to a stationary distribution which depends on the initial state of the condensate only through the total number of atoms. This loss of memory of the initial conditions allows a simple and complete description of the stationary dynamics of the condensate which randomly visits symmetric and symmetry-breaking states.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Ezio Tarantelli, gli anni ’60 e la presa di coscienza dei problemi sociali in Italia (Ezio Tarantelli, the '60s and the awareness of the social problems in Italy)
Creators: name: Sarcinelli, Mario
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: ezio tarantelli, problemi sociali ; Macroeconomics; Policy
subject: B31;E60

description: Il compito che mi sono assegnato è quello di rievocare gli anni ’60 e la presa di coscienza da parte di molti, e di Ezio Tarantelli in particolare, dei gravi problemi sociali che il paese visse senza riuscire a risolverli in modo adeguato o rinviandoli senza affrontarli. Non è per caso che uno storico come Guido Crainz (2003) o un economista come Michele Salvati (2000) parlino di un paese mancato o di occasioni mancate; in precedenza, quest’ultima espressione era stata adoperata da Ciocca, Filosa e Rey (1975). La mia scelta, però, è dovuta al fatto che i miei rapporti con Ezio si concentrarono nel secondo quinquennio degli anni ’60 quando entrambi eravamo al Servizio Studi della Banca d’Italia, io continuativamente sino ai primi mesi del 1969 ed Ezio… saltuariamente! L’ingresso in Banca rimase per qualche anno nominale, avendo egli deciso di fare investimenti nel proprio capitale umano: aveva una volontà di ferro, una visione chiarissima degli obiettivi che voleva raggiungere, una determinazione assoluta nel conseguirli. The task that I assigned it to evoke the '60s and awareness on the part of many, and of Ezio Tarantelli in particular, the serious social problems that the country lived without being able to solve them in an appropriate manner or without postponing deal. It is no accident that a historian like Guido Crainz (2003) or as an economist Michele Salvati (2000) speak of a missed country or missed opportunities; earlier, this expression had been used by Ciocca, Filosa and Rey (1975 ). My choice, however, is due to the fact that my relationship with Ezio concentrated in the second five years of the 60s when we were both at the Research Department of the Bank of Italy, I continuously until the early months of 1969 and Ezio ... occasionally! The entrance to the Bank remained for some years nominal, since he decided to make investments in their human capital: he had a will of iron, a clear vision of the objectives he wanted to achieve, an absolute determination in achieving them. JEL Codes: B31, E60 Keywords: ezio tarantelli, problemi sociali ; Macroeconomics; Policy
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 59, N. 233 (2006)
Debito estero e fragilità finanziaria nell’ottica dei paesi emergenti ((Foreign debt and financial fragility in view of the emerging countries))
Creators: name: Tonveronachi, Mario
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Kregel, Minksy, fragilità finanziaria, debito estero , paesi emergenti
subject: E44, F34, F4

description: Sulla scia dell’impostazione minskiana della fragilità finanziaria e dei suoi successivi sviluppi offerti da Kregel, il lavoro affronta alcuni aspetti di base della dinamica e della gestione del debito estero nell’ottica dei paesi emergenti. Al fine di definire la fragilità esterna di un paese si riformulano le definizioni di Minsky di posizioni coperte, speculative e Ponzi. L’analisi di come, asimmetrie nella fragilità finanziaria esterna, possano influenzare la fragilità globale conduce a discutere i limiti dell’apertura finanziaria internazionale. Infine, la distinzione tra fragilità finanziaria interna ed esterna permette di analizzare come l’interazione dinamica tra le unità economiche, compreso il governo e le sue politiche, può influenzare la distribuzione e il livello di entrambi i tipi di fragilità. In the wake of the minskian setting of financial fragility and its subsequent developments offered by Kregel, the paper addresses some basic aspects of the dynamics and management of external debt from the perspective of developing countries. In order to define the external fragility of a country reformulate the definition of Minsky of hedged positions, speculative, and Ponzi. The analysis of how, asymmetries in the external financial fragility, may affect the overall fragility leads to discuss the limits of the opening international financial. Finally, the distinction between internal and external financial fragility makes it possible to analyze how the dynamic interaction between economic units, including the government and its policies, can influence the distribution and the level of both types of fragility. JEL Codes: E44, F34, F4 Keywords: Kregel, Minksy, fragilità finanziaria, debito estero , paesi emergenti
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 59, N. 233 (2006)
SSM-Net for Plants Disease Identification in Low Data Regime
Creators: name: Jadon, Shruti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Plant disease detection is an essential factor in increasing agricultural production. Due to the difficulty of disease detection, farmers spray various pesticides on their crops to protect them, causing great harm to crop growth and food standards. Deep learning can offer critical aid in detecting such diseases. However, it is highly inconvenient to collect a large volume of data on all forms of the diseases afflicting a specific plant species. In this paper, we propose a new metrics-based few-shot learning SSM net architecture, which consists of stacked siamese and matching network components to address the problem of disease detection in low data regimes. We demonstrated our experiments on two datasets: mini-leaves diseases and sugarcane diseases dataset. We have showcased that the SSM-Net approach can achieve better decision boundaries with an accuracy of 92.7% on the mini-leaves dataset and 94.3% on the sugarcane dataset. The accuracy increased by ~10% and ~5% respectively, compared to the widely used VGG16 transfer learning approach. Furthermore, we attained F1 score of 0.90 using SSM Net on the sugarcane dataset and 0.91 on the mini-leaves dataset. Our code implementation is available on Github: https://github.com/shruti-jadon/PlantsDiseaseDetection.
description: 5 pages, 7 Figures
Tassi di cambio fluttuanti, deprezzamento valutario e domanda effettiva (Floating exchange rates, currency depreciation and actual demand)
Creators: name: López, Julio
name: Perrotini, Ignacio
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: tassi di cambio, domanda aggregata, occupazione, salari
subject: E0, F4, N1

description: Il presente articolo esamina i vantaggi relativi dei tassi di cambio fluttuanti nei confronti di un regime di tassi di cambio a parità rigidamente ancorate (hard peg), ponendo particolare enfasi sulle implicazioni per la domanda effettiva. In particolare, esso valuta se un deprezzamento della valuta abbia un effetto benefico sulla domanda aggregata e dunque sull’occupazione. Si sostiene che tale questione è centrale per il principio della domanda effettiva, e che l’idea che un deprezzamento valutario sia in grado di stabilizzare la domanda effettiva, equivale in larga misura a sostenere che la flessibilità (verso il basso) dei salari nominali (e reali) possa assicurare la piena occupazione. Coerentemente con ciò, viene analizzata la relazione tra la flessibilità verso il basso dei salari e la domanda effettiva, e viene valutata criticamente (dal punto di vista sia teorico sia empirico) l’ipotesi che la flessibilità del tasso di cambio possa avere proprietà stabilizzanti quando si tenga conto di shock esogeni di varia natura. L’articolo si chiude con brevi deduzioni di teoria e di politica economiche. This paper examines the relative advantages of floating exchange rates against a system of exchange rates for the same rigidly anchored (hard peg), with particular emphasis on the implications for effective demand. In particular, it will assess whether a currency depreciation has a beneficial effect on aggregate demand and hence employment. It is argued that this issue is central to the principle of effective demand, and that the idea that a currency depreciation is able to stabilize the effective demand, is equivalent to a large extent to support that flexibility (down) in nominal wages (and real) to ensure full employment. Consistent with this, we analyze the relationship between the downward flexibility of wages and effective demand, and is critically evaluated (in terms of both theoretical and empirical) hypothesis that the flexibility of the exchange rate can have stabilizing properties when account is taken of external shocks of varying nature. The article closes with brief conclusions of economic theory and policy. JEL Codes: E0, F4, N1 Keywords: tassi di cambio, domanda aggregata, occupazione, salari
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 59, N. 235 (2006)
Formation of Nuclear Spirals in Barred Galaxies
Creators: name: Ann, H. B.
name: Thakur, Parijat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations for the response of the gaseous disk to the imposed moderately strong non-axisymmetric potentials. The model galaxies are composed of the three stellar components (disk, bulge and bar) and two dark ones (supermassive black hole and halo) whose gravitational potentials are assumed to be invariant in time in the frame corotating with the bar. We found that the torques alone generated by the moderately strong bar that gives the maximum of tangential-to-radial force ratio as $(F_{Tan}/F_{Rad})_{max}= 0.3$ are not sufficient to drive the gas particles close to the center due to the barrier imposed by the inner Lindblad resonances (ILRs). In order to transport the gas particles towards the nucleus ($r<100$ pc), a central supermassive black hole (SMBH) and high sound speed of the gas are required to be present. The former is required to remove the inner inner Lindblad resonance (IILR) that prevents gas inflow close to the nucleus, while the latter provides favourable conditions for the gas particles to lose their angular momentum and to spiral in. Our models that have no IILR show the trailing nuclear spirals whose innermost parts reach close to the center in a curling way when the gas sound speed is $ c_{s} \gtrsim 15$ km s$^{-1}$. They resemble the symmetric two-armed nuclear spirals observed in the central kiloparsec of spiral galaxies. We found that the symmetric two-armed nuclear spirals are formed by the hydrodynamic spiral shocks caused by the gravitational torque of the bar in the presence of a central SMBH that can remove IILR when the sound speed of gas is high enough to drive a large amount of gas inflow deep inside the ILR. However, the detailed morphology of nuclear spirals depends on the sound speed of gas.
description: 38 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The nonextensive parameter and Tsallis distribution for self-gravitating systems
Creators: name: Du, Jiulin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of the nonextensive parameter q and the Tsallis distribution for self-gravitating systems are studied. A mathematical expression of q is deduced based on the generalized Boltzmann equation, the q-H theorem and the generalized Maxwellian q-velocity distribution in the framework of Tsallis statistics. We obtain a clear understanding of the physics of q different from unity with regard to the temperature gradient and the gravitational potential of the self-gravitating systems. It is suggested that the Tsallis statistics could be statistics suitable for describing the nonequilibrium systems with inhomogeneous temperature and the long-range interactions.
description: 10 pages, 26 references
title: Characteristic Raman Bands of Amino Acids and Halophiles as Biomarkers in Planetary Exploration
Creators: name: Rolfe, Samantha
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2017

description: Evaporitic environments that could provide habitats for life exist on present day Mars, in addition to Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL), which have been observed suggesting a briny liquid in the subsurface with a seasonal occurrence at the surface. Life detection is the focus for future missions, including use of the Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) instrument on board the ESA ExoMars rover for this purpose. Martian simulation chambers were used to expose a subset of the α-amino acids (AA) and halophilic (‘salt-loving’) microbes to the surface and near surface environment. Post-exposure, the detectability of biological molecules with Raman spectroscopy (where the Raman spectrum is the biomarker) was examined, with the intention to inform future missions. Results from this work suggest that a statistical method (independent of band intensity) should be used to rigorously define a set of characteristic Raman bands to unambiguously identify AA, a technique applicable to all biomolecules. Following exposure, both AA and halite entombed archaeal halophiles survived a combination of simulated martian conditions, e.g. freeze-thaw cycling resulted in a maximum of 20 % biomarker signal loss for AA. Halophilic microbes survived UV exposure up to 3.5 sols, though with a complete biomarker signal loss. However, cell counts and hence, survival in near surface, freeze-thaw conditions (indicative of RSL conditions) remained similar to the control sample. Furthermore, the Raman biomarker signal remained intact and detectable, regardless of a reduced intensity. Importantly, for AA doped onto crushed basalt the Raman band biomarkers were lost, which has major implications for the ExoMars rover which will crush rock samples before examination with the RLS instrument. Future missions should be designed to examine samples with the Raman spectroscopy instrument prior to any crushing to avoid destroying the biomarker signal that could be used to imply the presence of life.
Extremal eigenvalues of the Laplacian in a conformal class of metrics : the "conformal spectrum"
Creators: name: Colbois, Bruno
name: Soufi, Ahmad El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J50, 58E11,35P15

description: Let $M$ be a compact connected manifold of dimension $n$ endowed with a conformal class $C$ of Riemannian metrics of volume one. For any integer $k\geq0$, we consider the conformal invariant $λ_k ^c (C)$ defined as the supremum of the $k$-th eigenvalue $λ_k (g)$ of the Laplace-Beltrami operator $Δ_g$, where $g$ runs over $C$. First, we give a sharp universal lower bound for $λ_k ^c (C)$ extending to all $k$ a result obtained by Friedlander and Nadirashvili for $k=1$. Then, we show that the sequence $ \{λ_k ^c (C) \}$, that we call "conformal spectrum", is strictly increasing and satisfies, $\forall k\geq 0$, $λ_{k+1} ^c (C)^{n/2} - λ_k ^c (C)^{n/2} \geq n^{n/2} ω_n $, where $ω_n $ is the volume of the $n$-dimensional standard sphere. When $M$ is an orientable surface of genus $γ$, we also consider the supremum $λ_k ^{top} (γ)$ of $λ_k(g)$ over the set of all the area one Riemannian metrics on $M$, and study the behavior of $λ_k ^{top} (γ)$ in terms of $γ$.
Investigation of molecular signaling defects in PTP alpha-deficient mice : insulin and NMDA receptor signaling
Creators: name: Le, Hoa Thi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The physiological roles of PTPα in insulin and N M D A receptor (NMDAR) signaling were investigated using gene-targeted mice deficient in PTPα. PTPα [sup -/-] animals had normal body weights and circulating levels of glucose and insulin. In glucose and insulin tolerance tests, their efficiency o f blood glucose clearance was comparable to wild-type mice. Kinetics and extents o f insulin-stimulated insulin receptor and IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation were similar in wild-type and PTPα [sup -/-] liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. However the association of IRS-1 and PI3-K was altered in PTPα [sup -/-] liver, with increased insulin-independent and reduced insulin-stimulated association compared to wild-type samples. This did not affect activation of the downstream signaling effector Akt. Thus, PTPα is not a negative regulator of insulin signaling and does not perform an essential role in mediating the physiological action of insulin. PTPα [sup -/-] mice exhibit defects in NMDAR-associated processes. In vivo molecular effectors linking PTPα and the NMDAR were investigated in wild-type and PTPα [sup -/-] mice. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the NMDAR NR2A and NR2B subunits was reduced upon PTPα ablation, indicating a positive effect of this phosphatase on NMDAR phosphorylation via intermediate molecules. The NMDAR is a substrate of src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs), and reduced activity o f src, fyn, yes, and lck, but not lyn, was detected in the absence of PTPα. In addition, autophosphorylation of Pyk2, a tyrosine kinase linked to NMDAR signaling, was also reduced in PTPα [sup -/-] samples. In an HEK293 cell expression system, PTPα actions on NR2A/B phosphorylation mediated by sre and fyn were examined. The expression of PTPα enhanced fyn- but reduced sre-mediated NR2A/B phosphorylation. This is partly due to the fact that PTPa complexes with src and fyn with strikingly distinct affinities and via different mechanisms of binding. Interestingly, PTPα Tyr789 phosphorylation was found to regulate PTPα action on fyn- and src-mediated NR2A/B phosphorylation. These studies eliminate PTPα as a candidate for the development of PTP-directed therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. They demonstrate a key upstream regulatory role for PTPα in NMDAR signaling and function, and shed light on the involvement of specific SFKs and their potentially distinct targeting by PTPα in this process.
Large deviations for the chemical distance in supercritical Bernoulli percolation
Creators: name: Garet, Olivier
name: Marchand, Régine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35 (Primary) 82B43 (Secondary)

description: The chemical distance D(x,y) is the length of the shortest open path between two points x and y in an infinite Bernoulli percolation cluster. In this work, we study the asymptotic behaviour of this random metric, and we prove that, for an appropriate norm $μ$ depending on the dimension and the percolation parameter, the probability of the event \[\biggl\{0\leftrightarrow x,\frac{D(0,x)}{μ(x)}\notin (1-ε, 1+ε) \biggr\}\] exponentially decreases when $\|x\|_1$ tends to infinity. From this bound we also derive a large deviation inequality for the corresponding asymptotic shape result.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000881 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Distribution of Water Vapor in Molecular Clouds. II
Creators: name: Melnick, Gary J.
name: Tolls, Volker
name: Snell, Ronald L.
name: Kaufman, Michael J.
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Goicoechea, Javier R.
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: González-Alfonso, Eduardo
name: Hollenbach, David J.
name: Lis, Dariusz C.
name: Neufeld, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The depth-dependent abundance of both gas-phase and solid-state water within dense, quiescent, molecular clouds is important to both the cloud chemistry and gas cooling. Where water is in the gas phase, it's free to participate in the network of ion-neutral reactions that lead to a host of oxygen-bearing molecules, and its many ortho and para energy levels make it an effective coolant for gas temperatures greater than 20K. Where water is abundant as ice on grain surfaces, and unavailable to cool the gas, significant amounts of oxygen are removed from the gas phase, suppressing the gas-phase chemical reactions that lead to a number of oxygen-bearing species, including O2. Models of FUV-illuminated clouds predict that the gas-phase water abundance peaks in the range Av ~3 and 8mag of the cloud surface, depending on the gas density and FUV field strength. Deeper within such clouds, water is predicted to exist mainly as ice on grain surfaces. More broadly, these models are used to analyze a variety of other regions, including outflow cavities associated with young stellar objects and the surface layers of protoplanetary disks. In this paper, we report the results of observational tests of FUV-illuminated cloud models toward the Orion Molecular Ridge and Cepheus B using data obtained from the Herschel Space Observatory and the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory. Toward Orion, 2220 spatial positions were observed along the face-on Orion Ridge in the H2O 110-101 557GHz and NH3 J,K=1,0-0,0 572GHz lines. Toward Cepheus B, two strip scans were made in the same lines across the edge-on ionization front. These new observations demonstrate that gas-phase water exists primarily within a few magnitudes of dense cloud surfaces, strengthening the conclusions of an earlier study based on a much smaller data set, and indirectly supports the prediction that water ice is quite abundant in dense clouds.
description: 59 pages, including 23 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Adoption of Improved Technology in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Assefa Admassie
name: Gezahegn Ayele
name: Assefa Admassie
name: Gezahegn Ayele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Agricultural Technology
subject: Ethiopia

description: One of the means by which farm level productivity can be increased is through the introduction and dissemination of improved agricultural technologies to farmers.This is possible if and only if, information on the adoption and risk taking behaviour of farmers is known in advance. While some studies have attempted to assess the factors behind the adoption behaviour of farmers, they have either been limited in scope or they focused on few selected locations and/or commodities. The objective of this study is to identify the factors, which exert significant influence on the adoption behaviour of farmers and the intensity of adoption from a nation survey. A total of 1920 farm household heads drawn from four National Regional States were included in the survey. The result shows that younger farmers, famers with larger land size, farmer living closer to market, and farmers who had closer contact with the extension system are more likely to adopt new technology and use it more. The result underscores the need for research and extension programs to be sensitive to the needs of farmers when developing and disseminating technologies that are relevant to their agro‐ecologies.
Vibrationally excited HC3N emission in NGC1068: Tracing the recent star formation in the starburst ring
Creators: name: Rico-Villas, Fernando
name: Martín-Pintado, Jesús
name: González-Alfonso, Eduardo
name: Rivilla, Victor M.
name: Martín, Sergio
name: García-Burillo, Santiago
name: Jiménez-Serra, Izaskun
name: Sánchez-García, María
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using ALMA data, we have studied the HC$_3$N and continuum emission in the starburst ring (SB ring) and the circumnuclear disc (CND) of the SB/AGN composite galaxy NGC 1068. We have detected emission from vibrationally excited HC$_3$N (HC$_3$N*) only towards one star-forming region of the SB ring. Remarkably, HC$_3$N* was not detected towards the CND despite its large HC$_3$N $v=0$ column density. From LTE and non-LTE modelling of HC$_3$N*, we obtained a dust temperature of $ T_\text{dust} \sim 250$ K and a density of $n_{\text{H}_2}=6\times10^5$ cm$^{-3}$ for this star-forming region. The estimated IR luminosity of $5.8\times10^8$ L$_\odot$ is typical of proto-Super Star Clusters (proto-SSC) observed in the SB galaxy NGC 253. We use the continuum emissions at $147$ GHz and $350$ GHz, along with CO and Pa $α$, to estimate the ages of other $14$ SSCs in the SB ring. We find the youngest SSCs to be associated with the region connecting the nuclear bar with the SB ring, supporting the scenario of sequential star formation. For the CND, our analysis yields $T_\text{dust} \leqslant 100$ K and $n_{\text{H}_2}\sim(3-6)\times10^5$cm$^{-3}$. The very different dust temperatures found for the CND and the proto-SSC indicates that, while the dust in the proto-SSC is being efficiently heated from the inside by the radiation from massive proto-stars, the CND is being heated externally by the AGN, which in the IR optically thin case can only heat the dust to $56$ K. We discuss the implications of the non-detection of HC$_3$N* near the luminous AGN in NGC 1068 on the interpretation of the HC$_3$N* emission observed in the SB/AGN composite galaxies NGC 4418 and Arp 220.
description: submitted to MNRAS on 08/08/2020
Causal Links among Saving, Investment and Growth and Determinants of Saving in Sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Ethiopia
Creators: name: Worku Gebeyehu
name: Worku Gebeyehu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Investment
subject: Growth
subject: Saving
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa

description: The relationship between saving, investment and GDP still remains an empirical issue. In their aspiration to catch up the rest of the world, developing countries provides a special place on this matter. This paper tried to investigate the main determinants of saving and the connection among saving, investment and GDP in the case of Ethiopia using a combination of time series models. The paper finds export, inflation and lag government expenditure to have a statistically significant short and long term impact on the saving rate. Growth of income has a positive effect on rate of saving and the impulse response function shows the relevance of the neoclassical growth model in explaining the relationship between the saving rate and growth of income albeit lack of statistically significant causality between saving and investment in either direction. Although they may not be conclusive, the results suggest a more conducive policy environment and measures to boost domestic saving so as to induce growth from inside
description: Worku Gebeyehu Causal Links among Saving, Investment and Growth and Determinants of Saving in Sub-Saharan Africa
Urbanization and Fertility Rates in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Fanaye Tadesse
name: Headey, Derek
name: Fanaye Tadesse
name: Headey, Derek
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Economic Development
subject: Fertility
subject: demography
subject: Population

description: Fertility rates are important determinants of both overall population growth and demographic transitions from high to low age dependency ratios, which in turn have important consequences for economic growth, poverty reduction, and improved health and nutrition outcomes. Ethiopia currently has one of the highest fertility rates in the world, although there are marked differences between rural and urban fertility rates. This paper explores the drivers of rural and urban fertility rates, including systematic tests of differences in key determinants. This further allows us to project fertility rates into the future based on alternative urbanization, economic growth, and education scenarios. Finally, we link these alternative projections with existing estimates of the benefits of fertility reductions on economic growth, nutrition, and poverty reduction
description: Fanaye Tadesse and Derek Headey_ Urbanization and Fertility Rates in Ethiopia
The QCD analytic effective charge and its dependence on the pion mass
Creators: name: Nesterenko, A. V.
name: Papavassiliou, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new model for the QCD analytic running coupling, which incorporates the effects due to the $π$ meson mass, is proposed. The properties of this invariant charge in spacelike and timelike regions are examined. Its main distinctive features are a finite infrared limiting value, which depends on the pion mass, and the "plateau-like" behavior in the deep infrared domain of the timelike region.
description: Talk given at Eighth Workshop on Nonperturbative QCD, 7 - 11 June 2004, Paris, France; 6 pages, 2 EPS figures
Market driven innovation and entrepreneurial behaviour: The strategic value of a market orientation in primary agriculture
Creators: name: Micheels, Eric T
name: Gow, Hamish R
name: Micheels, Eric T
name: Gow, Hamish R
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Agriculture
subject: Entrepreneurship
subject: Farmers
subject: Innovation
subject: Market Orientation
subject: Resource Based View.

description: This paper examines the strategic value of a market orientation using concepts from the resource based view of the firm. We show that a market orientation can be a strategic resource as it is heterogeneous, imperfectly mobile, and is imperfectly substitutable. Using examples from both small-scale and large-scale production agriculture, we show how a market orientation can contribute to the awareness and implementation of new processes to improve performance. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of market orientation and firm strategy, along with a discussion of managerial implications and calls for future research.
title: Learning Identity Framework: Learning Identity through Self-Awareness
Creators: name: Mercer, Ralph
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2017

description: The goal of this dissertation is to establish the views and support of experts in the field of learning technologies and of potential users on the concept of using a Learning Identity Framework to positively influence learning identity development. As a secondary objective, the research attempts to define and describe the components of the learning informatics framework. Conceptually the Learning Identity Framework will be a technology-supported platform (upon which other technologies and applications can be utilized) that will put in the hands of lifelong learners a process to record daily events, allow for critical self-examination of what they needed to know, what worked, what didn’t work, and to make that personal data usable and actionable at an individual level. The theoretical premise for the Learning Identity Framework is based on a sociocultural and interpretivist context, with a level of advocacy brought through the use of self-narration as one of the more common and effective means of self-representing an Individuals identity as a means of self-reflection. Self-narration in this dissertation is represented as an autobiographical story created by memories of the past, edited by present experiences and used to foreshadow a learner’s beliefs in their ability to learn in the future. The analysis of existing learning frameworks, interviews, and workshop data, support findings that proposed a framework based on core personal informatics attributes. The model developed and described supports a habitual method to record, question and to recall what was heard, read or written for reflection, with the intention to affect changes to learner identity in a positive manner. The concepts, components and structure of the Learning Informatics Framework proposed in this research lay a strong foundation for the deployment of the framework as means for future research to better understand the role of identity in lifelong learning and, more importantly, to empower learners at a personal level.
L’evoluzione del sistema RTGS italiano e l’impatto sulla domanda di riserve bancarie (The Evolution of the Italian RTGS System and the Impact on Banks' Reserves Demand)
Creators: name: Maddaloni, Giuseppe
name: Marcelli, Stefano
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Bank; Reserves
subject: D24;G21;G28; E42

description: Aim of the paper is assessing, from 2001 to 2005, the impact of some changes affecting the Italian payment system on reserves demand and revenues of those banks directly participating in the new BI-REL, the Italian RTGS system. The results of the analysis carried out on 105 banks directly participating in the system show that after the start of Express II, the new security settlement system, the banks held more liquidity reserves for settling securities transactions. The banking system reacted to those changes in a few months' time by raising the liquidity management's efficiency, also thanks to the start of the RTGS system's payment optimisation mechanism. The adjustment process would not only allow the banks to completely offset the effect brought about by Express II but even to improve, although slightly, the liquidity management's efficiency compared to prior to the changes. JEL Codes: D24;G21;G28; E42 Keywords: Bank; Reserves
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 59, N. 235 (2006)
The pyrochlore S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet at finite temperature
Creators: name: Schäfer, Robin
name: Hagymási, Imre
name: Moessner, Roderich
name: Luitz, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Frustrated three dimensional quantum magnets are notoriously impervious to theoretical analysis. Here we use a combination of three computational methods to investigate the three dimensional pyrochlore $S=1/2$ quantum antiferromagnet, an archetypical frustrated magnet, at finite temperature, $T$: canonical typicality for a finite cluster of $2\times 2 \times 2$ unit cells (i.e. $32$ sites), a finite-$T$ matrix product state method on a larger cluster with $48$ sites, and the numerical linked cluster expansion (NLCE) using clusters up to $25$ lattice sites, which include non-trivial hexagonal and octagonal loops. We focus on thermodynamic properties (energy, specific heat capacity, entropy, susceptibility, magnetisation) next to the static structure factor. We find a pronounced maximum in the specific heat at $T = 0.57 J$, which is stable across finite size clusters and converged in the series expansion. This is well-separated from a residual amount of spectral weight of $0.47 k_B \ln 2$ per spin which has not been released even at $T\approx0.25 J$, the limit of convergence of our results. This is a large value compared to a number of highly frustrated models and materials, such as spin ice or the kagome $S=1/2$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet. We also find a non-monotonic dependence on $T$ of the magnetisation at low magnetic fields, reflecting the dominantly non-magnetic character of the low-energy spectral weight. A detailed comparison of our results to measurements for the $S=1$ material NaCaNi$_2$F$_7$ yields rough agreement of the functional form of the specific heat maximum, which in turn differs from the sharper maximum of the heat capacity of the spin ice material Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$, all of which are yet qualitatively distinct from conventional, unfrustrated magnets.
description: 23 pages, 15 figures
Production constraints and their causes in the cacao Industry in West Sumatra: from the farmers’ perspective
Creators: name: Sefriadi, Hasnah
name: Villano, Renato
name: Fleming, Euan
name: Patrick, Ian
name: Sefriadi, Hasnah
name: Villano, Renato
name: Fleming, Euan
name: Patrick, Ian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: International Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: cacao farming
subject: path analysis
subject: production constraints
subject: West Sumatra.

description: We use structural equation modelling to conduct a path analysis for cacao production in West Sumatra, Indonesia, quantifying the main constraints identified by farmers attempting to increase their incomes. Stakeholders in a workshop identified low yield of cacao trees and low quality of cacao beans as the two main production constraints, which are the focus of this study. Farm-level data from 100 smallholders were analysed to describe and estimate the dependencies between various factors and their relationship to farmers’ income. Five variables – source of cacao seedlings, expenditure on pest and disease management, expenditure on fertilizer, frequency of pruning, and pest and disease attack – were hypothesized to influence the yield of cacao trees. Yet farmers considered only fertilizer expenditure to have the expected positive influence. They considered lack of capital to be a critical factor indirectly impeding fertilizing practices. Expectations that farmers would perceive that the quality of their cacao beans and their ability to bargain would affect the price they received proved incorrect.