cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in the United States: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Creators: name: Le, M.H.
name: Ciaranello, A.L.
name: Clement, M.E.
name: Freedberg, K.A.
name: McCauley, M.
name: Paltiel, A.D.
name: Landovitz, R.J.
name: Grinsztejn, B.
name: Hyle, E.P.
name: Neilan, A.M.
name: Wattananimitgul, N.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Reddy, K.P.
name: Walensky, R.P.
Publisher: name: American College of Physicians
Year: 2022

description: Background: The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 083 trial demonstrated the superiority of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) compared with oral emtricitabine–tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Objective: To identify the maximum price premium (that is, greatest possible price differential) that society should be willing to accept for the additional benefits of CAB-LA over tenofovir-based PrEP among men who have sex with men and transgender women (MSM/TGW) in the United States. Design: Simulation, cost-effectiveness analysis. Data Sources: Trial and published data, including estimated HIV incidence (5.32, 1.33, and 0.26 per 100 person-years for off PrEP, generic F/TDF and branded emtricitabine–tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF), and CAB-LA, respectively); 28% 6-year PrEP retention. Annual base-case drug costs: $360 and $16 800 for generic F/TDF and branded F/TAF. Fewer side effects with branded F/TAF versus generic F/TDF were assumed. Target Population: 476 700 MSM/TGW at very high risk for HIV (VHR). Time Horizon: 10 years. Perspective: Health care system. Intervention: CAB-LA versus generic F/TDF or branded F/TAF for HIV PrEP. Outcome Measures: Primary transmissions, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs (2020 U.S. dollars), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs; U.S. dollars per QALY), maximum price premium for CAB-LA versus tenofovir-based PrEP. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Compared with generic F/ TDF (or branded F/TAF), CAB-LA increased life expectancy by 28 000 QALYs (26 000 QALYs) among those at VHR. Branded F/ TAF cost more per QALY gained than generic F/TDF compared with no PrEP. At 10 years, CAB-LA could achieve an ICER of at most $100 000 per QALY compared with generic F/TDF at a maximum price premium of $3700 per year over generic F/TDF (CAB-LA price <$4100 per year). Results of Sensitivity Analysis: In a PrEP-eligible population at high risk for HIV, rather than at VHR (n = 1 906 800; off PrEP incidence: 1.54 per 100 person-years), CAB-LA could achieve an ICER of at most $100 000 per QALY versus generic F/TDF at a maximum price premium of $1100 per year over generic F/TDF (CAB-LA price <$1500 per year). Limitation: Uncertain clinical and economic benefits of averting future transmissions. Conclusion: Effective oral PrEP limits the additional price society should be willing to pay for CAB-LA.
Deep learning for full-field ultrasonic characterization
Creators: name: Xu, Yang
name: Pourahmadian, Fatemeh
name: Song, Jian
name: Wang, Conglin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This study takes advantage of recent advances in machine learning to establish a physics-based data analytic platform for distributed reconstruction of mechanical properties in layered components from full waveform data. In this vein, two logics, namely the direct inversion and physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), are explored. The direct inversion entails three steps: (i) spectral denoising and differentiation of the full-field data, (ii) building appropriate neural maps to approximate the profile of unknown physical and regularization parameters on their respective domains, and (iii) simultaneous training of the neural networks by minimizing the Tikhonov-regularized PDE loss using data from (i). PINNs furnish efficient surrogate models of complex systems with predictive capabilities via multitask learning where the field variables are modeled by neural maps endowed with (scaler or distributed) auxiliary parameters such as physical unknowns and loss function weights. PINNs are then trained by minimizing a measure of data misfit subject to the underlying physical laws as constraints. In this study, to facilitate learning from ultrasonic data, the PINNs loss adopts (a) wavenumber-dependent Sobolev norms to compute the data misfit, and (b) non-adaptive weights in a specific scaling framework to naturally balance the loss objectives by leveraging the form of PDEs germane to elastic-wave propagation. Both paradigms are examined via synthetic and laboratory test data. In the latter case, the reconstructions are performed at multiple frequencies and the results are verified by a set of complementary experiments highlighting the importance of verification and validation in data-driven modeling.
The return of the merging galaxy subclusters of El Gordo?
Creators: name: Ng, Karen Y.
name: Dawson, William A.
name: Wittman, D.
name: Jee, M. James
name: Hughes, John P.
name: Menanteau, Felipe
name: Sifón, Cristóbal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Merging galaxy clusters with radio relics provide rare insights to the merger dynamics as the relics are created by the violent merger process. We demonstrate one of the first uses of the properties of the radio relic to reduce the uncertainties of the dynamical variables and determine the 3D configuration of a cluster merger, ACT-CL J0102-4915, nicknamed El Gordo. From the double radio relic observation and the X-ray observation of a comet-like gas morphology induced by motion of the cool core, it is widely believed that El Gordo is observed shortly after the first core-passage of the subclusters. We employ a Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) configuration and dynamics of El Gordo. Using the polarization fraction of the radio relic, we constrain the estimate of the angle between the plane of the sky and the merger axis to be $α= 21~{\rm degree} \pm^9_{11}$. We find the relative 3D merger speed of El Gordo to be $2400\pm^{400}_{200}~{\rm km}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ at pericenter. The two possible estimates of the time-since-pericenter are $0.46\pm^{0.09}_{0.16}$ Gyr and $0.91\pm^{0.22}_{0.39}$ Gyr for the outgoing and returning scenario respectively. We put our estimates of the time-since-pericenter into context by showing that if the time-averaged shock velocity is approximately equal to or smaller than the pericenter velocity of the corresponding subcluster in the center of mass frame, the two subclusters are more likely to be moving towards, rather than away, from each other, post apocenter. We compare and contrast the merger scenario of El Gordo with that of the Bullet Cluster, and show that this late-stage merging scenario explains why the southeast dark matter lensing peak of El Gordo is closer to the merger center than the southeast cool core.
description: Figure 1 explains the configuration of the different components of El Gordo. Figure 9 explains the merger scenario. 20 pages, 23 figures. Accepted by MNRAS
Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections in Women Who Received Injectable Cabotegravir or Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine for HIV Prevention: HPTN 084
Creators: name: Farrior, J.
name: Anderson, P.L.
name: Mathew, C.-A.
name: Rooney, J.F.
name: Bushman, L.R.
name: Mpendo, J.
name: Rinehart, A.
name: Adeyeye, A.
name: Hendrix, C.W.
name: Chau, G.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Hunidzarira, P.
name: Nair, G.
name: Cummings, V.
name: Ford, S.
name: Hosseinipour, M.
name: Delany-Moretlwe, S.
name: Kofron, R.
name: Hanscom, B.
name: Persaud, D.
name: St Clair, M.
name: Sullivan, P.
name: Petropoulos, C.
name: Marzinke, M.A.
name: Piwowar-Manning, E.
name: Eshleman, S.H.
name: Richardson, P.
name: Mellors, J.
name: Hughes, J.P.
name: Fogel, J.M.
name: Agyei, Y.
name: Haines, C.D.
name: Spooner, E.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2022

description: Background: HIV Prevention Trials Network 084 demonstrated that long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB) was superior to daily oral tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in sub-Saharan African women. This report describes HIV infections that occurred in the trial before unblinding. Methods: Testing was performed using HIV diagnostic assays, viral load testing, a single-copy RNA assay, and HIV genotyping. Plasma CAB, plasma TFV, and intraerythrocytic TFV-diphosphate concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Forty HIV infections were identified (CAB arm, 1 baseline infection, 3 incident infections; TDF/FTC arm, 36 incident infections). The incident infections in the CAB arm included 2 with no recent drug exposure and no CAB injections and 1 with delayed injections; in 35 of 36 cases in the TDF/FTC arm, drug concentrations indicated low or no adherence. None of the cases had CAB resistance. Nine women in the TDF/FTC arm had nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance; 1 had the nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation, M184V. Conclusions: Almost all incident HIV infections occurred in the setting of unquantifiable or low drug concentrations. CAB resistance was not detected. Transmitted nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance was common; 1 woman may have acquired nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance from study drug exposure.
Joint learning from multiple information sources for biological problems
Creators: name: Dong, Thi Ngan
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: data integration
subject: joint learning
subject: learning from multiple sources
subject: biological problems
subject: biologische Probleme
subject: gemeinsames Lernen
subject: Lernen aus mehreren Quellen
subject: Datenintegration
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik

description: Thanks to technological advancements, more and more biological data havebeen generated in recent years. Data availability offers unprecedented opportunities to look at the same problem from multiple aspects. It also unveils a more global view of the problem that takes into account the intricated inter-play between the involved molecules/entities. Nevertheless, biological datasets are biased, limited in quantity, and contain many false-positive samples. Such challenges often drastically downgrade the performance of a predictive model on unseen data and, thus, limit its applicability in real biological studies. Human learning is a multi-stage process in which we usually start with simple things. Through the accumulated knowledge over time, our cognition ability extends to more complex concepts. Children learn to speak simple words before being able to formulate sentences. Similarly, being able to speak correct sentences supports our learning to speak correct and meaningful paragraphs, etc. Generally, knowledge acquired from related learning tasks would help boost our learning capability in the current task. Motivated by such a phenomenon, in this thesis, we study supervised machine learning models for bioinformatics problems that can improve their performance through exploiting multiple related knowledge sources. More specifically, we concern with ways to enrich the supervised models’ knowledge base with publicly available related data to enhance the computational models’ prediction performance. Our work shares commonality with existing works in multimodal learning, multi-task learning, and transfer learning. Nevertheless, there are certain differences in some cases. Besides the proposed architectures, we present large-scale experiment setups with consensus evaluation metrics along with the creation and release of large datasets to showcase our approaches’ superiority. Moreover, we add case studies with detailed analyses in which we place no simplified assumptions to demonstrate the systems’ utilities in realistic application scenarios. Finally, we develop and make available an easy-to-use website for non-expert users to query the model’s generated prediction results to facilitate field experts’ assessments and adaptation. We believe that our work serves as one of the first steps in bridging the gap between “Computer Science” and “Biology” that will open a new era of fruitful collaboration between computer scientists and biological field experts.
Association between tampons and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in menstruating women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Creators: name: Rojas, Helen Johana Ortiz
name: García-Perdomo, Herney Andrés
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Health Care

description: We included Case and control Studies. We evaluate the association between tampons and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in mestruating women.
On selected problems in multivariate analysis
Creators: name: Gaigall, Daniel
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Paired sample
subject: Marginal homogeneity
subject: Incomplete data
subject: Asymptotic relative efficiency
subject: Volumes of confidence regions
subject: Gepaarte Stichprobe
subject: Marginale Homogenität
subject: Unvollständige Daten
subject: Asymptotische relative Effizienz
subject: Volumina von Konfidenzbereichen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: Selected problems in the field of multivariate statistical analysis are treated. Thereby, one focus is on the paired sample case. Among other things, statistical testing problems of marginal homogeneity are under consideration. In detail, properties of Hotelling‘s T² test in a special parametric situation are obtained. Moreover, the nonparametric problem of marginal homogeneity is discussed on the basis of possibly incomplete data. In the bivariate data case, properties of the Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer-Rosenblatt independence test statistic on the basis of partly not identically distributed data are investigated. Similar testing problems are treated within the scope of the application of a result for the empirical process of the concomitants for partly categorial data. Furthermore, testing changes in the modeled solvency capital requirement of an insurance company by means of a paired sample from an internal risk model is discussed. Beyond the paired sample case, a new asymptotic relative efficiency concept based on the expected volumes of multidimensional confidence regions is introduced. Besides, a new approach for the treatment of the multi-sample goodness-of-fit problem is presented. Finally, a consistent test for the treatment of the goodness-of-fit problem is developed for the background of huge or infinite dimensional data.
Qubit recycling and the path counting problem
Creators: name: Song, Zijian
name: Kim, Isaac H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it was shown that the qudits used in circuits of a convolutional form (e.g., Matrix Product State sand Multi-scale Entanglement Renormalization Ansatz) can be reset unitarily \href{https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.103.042613}{[Phys. Rev. A 103, 042613 (2021)]}, even without measurement. We analyze the fidelity of this protocol for a family of quantum circuits that interpolates between such circuits and local quantum circuits, averaged over Haar-random gates. We establish a connection between this problem and a counting of directed paths on a graph, which is determined by the shape of the quantum circuit. This connection leads to an exact expression for the fidelity of the protocol for the entire family that interpolates between convolutional circuit and random quantum circuit. For convolutional circuits of constant window size, the rate of convergence to unit fidelity is shown to be $\frac{q^2}{q^2+1}$, independent of the window size, where $q$ is the local qudit dimension. Since most applications of convolutional circuits use constant-sized windows, our result suggests that the unitary reset protocol will likely work well in such a regime. We also derive two extra results in the convolutional limit, which may be of an independent interest. First, we derive exact expressions for the correlations between reset qudits and show that it decays exponentially in the distance. Second, we derive an expression for the the fidelity in the presence of noise, expressed in terms of the quantities that define the property of the channel, such as the entanglement fidelity.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
TESS observations of the ZZ Ceti star WD 1310+583
Creators: name: Bognár, Zsófia
name: Uzundag, Murat
name: Sódor, Ádám
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: WD 1310+583 is a bright (G=14.1 mag) ZZ Ceti star; its light variations were discovered just before the launch of the TESS space telescope. TESS collected data both in 120-second short-cadence mode (7 sectors), and in 20-second ultra-short-cadence mode (4 sectors) on this white dwarf. The light curve analysis of the observations from different sectors revealed numerous candidate pulsation modes for the star, and we can find several closely spaced frequencies ("forest of peaks") above about 700 s. For producing our period list, we calculated the amplitude-weighted periods of the peaks detected at similar frequencies in different sectors. The final list of observed periods consists of more than a dozen independent modes. Therefore, WD 1310+583 is a ZZ Ceti star rich in pulsation modes, which means strong constraints for the future asteroseismic modeling of the star.
Policy Database: Collection of Public Policies for Energy Communities
Creators: name: Holstenkamp, Lars
name: Kriel, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Model Assessment Template
Energy Communities
Public Measures
Enabling Framework

description: According to the recast Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), member states (MS) of the European Union (EU) are supposed to take out assessments of barriers for and potential of renewable energy communities in their countries (RED II, Art. 22 Para. 3). The European legislator has not specified this provision, i.e. the content and form of these assessments has not been clarified (yet). It is only clear from the legal text that these assessments should be the basis of the “enabling framework” (RED II, Art. 22 Para. 4) that EU MS shall provide. The project aims at developing a template for the assessments. The assessment shall provide the basis for setting up an "enabling framework", making sure that energy communities can play a role in the energy transition in each of the EU MS. Ideally, the selection of public measures builds on a collection of policies and their impacts. We call this the "policy database" and make some suggestions of how to structure, set up and operate such a database. This background paper is part of a study on a model assessment of potential and barriers to the development of renewable energy communities at the national level, commissioned by REScoop.eu.
Semi-infinite construction for the double Yangian of type $A_1^{(1)}$
Creators: name: Butorac, Marijana
name: Jing, Naihuan
name: Kožić, Slaven
name: Yang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider certain infinite dimensional modules of level 1 for the double Yangian $\text{DY}(\mathfrak{gl}_2)$ which are based on the Iohara-Kohno realization. We show that they possess topological bases of Feigin-Stoyanovsky-type, i.e. the bases expressed in terms of semi-infinite monomials of certain integrable operators which stabilize and satisfy the difference two condition. Finally, we give some applications of these bases to the representation theory of the corresponding quantum affine vertex algebra.
description: 18 pages
Figuren des Anderen. Zur Chardin-Rezeption bei Marcel Proust
Creators: name: Kindlein, Sylvia
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: In Search of Lost Time, genre scenes, alterity
subject: alterity
subject: genre scenes
subject: Alterität
subject: À la recherche du temps perdu
subject: Genreszenen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::800 | Literatur, Rhetorik, Literaturwissenschaft

description: Marcel Proust schreibt sich 1895 mit einem Essay über das Werk Jean Siméon Chardins (1699-1779) in die vor allem durch Diderot und die Brüder Goncourt geprägte Chardin-Rezeption ein. Die Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, sowohl die Nachwirkungen dieser Betrachtung und Beschreibung der Gemälde Chardins als auch die Auseinandersetzung mit der Tradition der Chardin-Rezeption in Prousts siebenbändigem Roman À la recherche du temps perdu (1913-1927) nachzuzeichnen. Ausgehend von den diskreten Hinweisen auf der Textoberfläche werden die verdeckten Ein- und Umschreibungen der Figurengemälde Chardins im Roman deutlich, die sich zu einer ästhetischen Praxis und Poetik des „refaire“ Chardin verdichten.
HIV-1 Transmission linkages among persons with incident infection to inform public health surveillance
Creators: name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Samoff, E.
name: Frost, S.D.W.
name: Cressman, A.E.
name: Enders, K.
name: Volz, E.
name: Adams, N.
name: Dennis, A.M.
name: Miller, W.C.
name: Mobley, V.
name: Eron, J.J.
Publisher: name: Lancet Publishing Group
Year: 2021

description: Background: We evaluated features of HIV transmission networks involving persons diagnosed during incident HIV infection (IHI) to assess network-based opportunities to curtail onward transmission. Methods: Transmission networks were constructed using partial pol sequences reported to North Carolina surveillance among persons with recent (2014–2018) and past (<2014) HIV diagnoses. IHI were defined as documented acute infections or seroconversion. Demographic and virologic features of HIV genetic clusters (<1.5% pairwise genetic distance) involving ≥ 1 IHI were assessed. Persons with viral genetic links and who had diagnoses >90 days prior to an IHI were further characterized. We assessed named partner outcomes among IHI index persons using contact tracing data. Findings: Of 4,405 HIV diagnoses 2014–2018 with sequences, there were 323 (7%) IHI index persons; most were male (88%), Black (65%), young (68% <30 years), and reported sex with men (MSM) risk (79%). Index persons were more likely to be cluster members compared to non-index persons diagnosed during the same period (72% vs. 49%). In total, 162 clusters were identified involving 233 IHI, 577 recent diagnoses, and 163 past diagnoses. Most IHI cases (53%) had viral linkages to ≥1 previously diagnosed person without evidence of HIV viral suppression in the year prior to the diagnosis of the IHI index. In contact tracing, only 53% IHI cases named an HIV-positive contact, resulting in 0.5 previously diagnosed persons detected per IHI investigated. When combined with viral analyses, the detection rate of viremic previously diagnosed persons increased to 1.3. Interpretation: Integrating public health with molecular epidemiology, revealed that more than half of IHI have viral links to persons with previously diagnosed unsuppressed HIV infection which was largely unrecognized by traditional contact tracing. Enhanced partner services to support engagement and retention in HIV care and improved case finding supported by rapid phylogenetic analysis are tools to substantially reduce onward HIV transmission.
The interplay of intrinsic disorder and macromolecular crowding on α-synuclein fibril formation
Creators: name: Shirai, Nobu C.
name: Kikuchi, Macoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: α-synuclein (α-syn) is an intrinsically disordered protein which is considered to be one of the causes of Parkinson's disease. This protein forms amyloid fibrils when in a highly concentrated solution. The fibril formation of α-syn is induced not only by increases in α-syn concentration but also by macromolecular crowding. In order to investigate the coupled effect of the intrinsic disorder of α-syn and macromolecular crowding, we construct a lattice gas model of α-syn in contact with a crowding agent reservoir based on statistical mechanics. The main assumption is that α-syn can be expressed as coarse-grained particles with internal states coupled with effective volume; and disordered states are modeled by larger particles with larger internal entropy than other states. Thanks to the simplicity of the model, we can exactly calculate the number of conformations of crowding agents, and this enables us to prove that the original grand canonical ensemble with a crowding agent reservoir is mathematically equivalent to a canonical ensemble without crowding agents. In this expression, the effect of macromolecular crowding is absorbed in the internal entropy of disordered states; it is clearly shown that the crowding effect reduces the internal entropy. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, we provide scenarios of crowding-induced fibril formation. We also discuss the recent controversy over the existence of helically folded tetramers of α-syn, and suggest that macromolecular crowding is the key to resolving the controversy.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures
Cell Population Growth Kinetics in the Presence of Stochastic Heterogeneity of Cell Phenotype
Creators: name: Wang, Yue
name: Zhou, Joseph X.
name: Pedrini, Edoardo
name: Rubin, Irit
name: Khalil, May
name: Taramelli, Roberto
name: Qian, Hong
name: Huang, Sui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent studies at individual cell resolution have revealed phenotypic heterogeneity in nominally clonal tumor cell populations. The heterogeneity affects cell growth behaviors, which can result in departure from the idealized uniform exponential growth of the cell population. Here we measured the stochastic time courses of growth of an ensemble of populations of HL60 leukemia cells in cultures, starting with distinct initial cell numbers to capture a departure from the {uniform exponential growth model for the initial growth (``take-off'')}. Despite being derived from the same cell clone, we observed significant variations in the early growth patterns of individual cultures with statistically significant differences in growth dynamics, which could be explained by the presence of inter-converting subpopulations with different growth rates, and which could last for many generations. Based on the hypothesis of existence of multiple subpopulations, we developed a branching process model that was consistent with the experimental observations.
Gamification macht Schule? Elemente digitaler Spiele im Deutschunterricht
Creators: name: Ryl, Lennart
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Gamification
subject: Motivation
subject: Orthographieunterricht
subject: Rechtschreibförderung
subject: Sprachdidaktik
subject: Schulunterricht
subject: Mediendidaktik
subject: Digitalisierung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::370 | Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: "[Dem] hohen Stellenwert der Orthographie bei der Bewertung und Beurteilung sprachlicher Kompetenzen allgemein steht andererseits gegenüber, dass Orthographie meist ein eher ungeliebter Lerngegenstand ist" (Becker 2019, S. 277). Betrachtet man die Aussage von Becker, stellt sich unweigerlich die Frage, ob und wie sich die beschriebenen Einstellungen gegenüber einem solchen Lerngegenstand verändern ließen. Die vergangenen Jahrzehnte zeichnen sich in der Deutschdidaktik unter anderem durch unterschiedlichste Reformbewegungen aus, die sowohl Methodik als auch Vermittlungsprozesse betreffen und mittlerweile stärker die Motivation von Schülerinnen und Schülern in den Vordergrund rücken. Entsprechend ist es ratsam, dieser Entwicklung Rechnung zu tragen und sie mit Anmerkungen wie solchen von Becker zu verbinden. Doch wie lässt sich Orthographieunterricht motivierender gestalten? Eine Antwort auf diese Frage kann Gamification bilden. Diesem Konzept wurde in der Vergangenheit bereits eine positive Wirkung auf die Motivation von Rezipierenden attestiert und die Erkenntnisse teilweise auf das schulische Lernen sowie den Orthographieunterricht übertragen. Problematisch erscheint hier vor allem, dass bislang eine übergeordnete Systematik zur Implementierung von Spielelementen in den Schulunterricht fehlt, was die Einstiegshürde erhöht und ein tieferes Verständnis für die Materie seitens der Lehrkräfte stark erschwert. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat entsprechend die Konstruktion einer theoriegeleiteten Gesamtsystematik zum Ziel, die erstmalig in Anknüpfung an bisherige Befunde die Grundlage für die Implementierung von Gamification in Lehr- und Lernkontexte im Allgemeinen und in den Orthographieunterricht im Speziellen erleichtern soll. Darüber hinaus soll ermöglicht werden, bei bereits vorhandenen Programmen und Konzepten Fragen hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit genutzter Elemente zu stellen. Um das Verständnis zu erleichtern und eine niedrige Einstiegshürde zu gewährleisten, wird die konzipierte Gesamtsystematik im Anschluss auf zwei unterschiedliche Programme angewendet sowie dazu genutzt, ein im analogen Bereich bereits etabliertes Rechtschreibförderprogramm auf theoretischer Ebene zu digitalisieren und zu gamifizieren.
Identification of Novel UGT1A1 Variants Including UGT1A1 454C>A through the Genotyping of Healthy Participants of the HPTN 077 Study
Creators: name: Hamlin, A.N.
name: Rinehart, A.R.
name: Hosseinipour, M.C.
name: Landovitz, R.J.
name: Seneviratne, H.K.
name: Eron, J.S.
name: Kuo, I.
name: Chau, G.
name: Dawood, H.
name: Mccauley, M.
name: Hendrix, C.W.
name: Li, S.
name: Adeyeye, A.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Liu, A.Y.
name: Cottle, L.
name: Grinsztejn, B.
name: Panchia, R.
name: Bumpus, N.N.
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2021

description: Cabotegravir (CAB) is an integrase strand-transfer inhibitor of HIV that has proven effective for HIV treatment and prevention in a long-acting injectable formulation, typically preceded by an oral formulation lead-in phase. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that CAB is primarily metabolized via glucuronidation by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 and 1A9. In this study, we performed next-generation sequencing of genomic DNA isolated from the HPTN 077 participants to explore the variants within UGT1A1 and UGT1A9. Additionally, to enable correlation of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 genotypes with plasma CAB-glucuronide levels, we quantified glucuronidated CAB following both oral administration of CAB and intramuscular injection of long-acting CAB. From these studies, 48 previously unreported variants of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 were detected. Notably, 5/68 individuals carried a UGT1A1 454C>A variant that resulted in amino acid substitution P152T, and the use of in silico tools predicted a deleterious effect of the P152T substitution. Thus, the impact of this mutant on a range of UGT1A1 substrates was tested using a COS-7 cell-based assay. The glucuronide conjugates of CAB, dolutegravir, and raltegravir, were not formed in the COS-7 cells expressing the UGT1A1 P152T mutant. Further, formation of glucuronides of raloxifene and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin were reduced in the cells expressing the UGT1A1 P152T mutant. Using the same approach, we tested the activities of two UGT1A9 mutants, UGT1A9 H217Y and UGT1A9 R464G, and found that these mutations were tolerated and decreased function, respectively. These data provide insight into previously unreported genetic variants of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9.
Cavity-based quantum networks with single atoms and optical photons
Creators: name: Reiserer, Andreas
name: Rempe, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distributed quantum networks will allow users to perform tasks and to interact in ways which are not possible with present-day technology. Their implementation is a key challenge for quantum science and requires the development of stationary quantum nodes that can send and receive as well as store and process quantum information locally. The nodes are connected by quantum channels for flying information carriers, i.e. photons. These channels serve both to directly exchange quantum information between nodes as well as to distribute entanglement over the whole network. In order to scale such networks to many particles and long distances, an efficient interface between the nodes and the channels is required. This article describes the cavity-based approach to this goal, with an emphasis on experimental systems in which single atoms are trapped in and coupled to optical resonators. Besides being conceptually appealing, this approach is promising for quantum networks on larger scales, as it gives access to long qubit coherence times and high light-matter coupling efficiencies. Thus, it allows one to generate entangled photons on the push of a button, to reversibly map the quantum state of a photon onto an atom, to transfer and teleport quantum states between remote atoms, to entangle distant atoms, to detect optical photons nondestructively, to perform entangling quantum gates between an atom and one or several photons, and even provides a route towards efficient heralded quantum memories for future repeaters. The presented general protocols and the identification of key parameters are applicable to other experimental systems.
description: in Rev. Mod. Phys. (2015)
Nilotonia (Manotonia) shivai Panesar 2004
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Anisitsiellidae
Nilotonia
Nilotonia shivai

description: Nilotonia (Manotonia) shivai Panesar, 2004
Records from the study area: Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh—Panesar (2004).
Habitat: Seepage areas.
Distribution: India
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Structural basis of glycan276-dependent recognition by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies
Creators: name: Wu, N.R.
name: Edwards, R.J.
name: Zhou, T.
name: Chuang, G.-Y.
name: Wang, S.
name: Shapiro, L.
name: Torres, J.L.
name: Shen, C.-H.
name: Kong, R.
name: Rawi, R.
name: Manne, K.
name: Kwong, P.D.
name: Cohen, M.S.
name: Olia, A.S.
name: Cottrell, C.A.
name: Acharya, P.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Kopp, M.
name: Louder, M.K.
name: Janowska, K.
name: Mascola, J.R.
name: Doria-Rose, N.A.
name: Lin, B.C.
name: Ward, A.B.
name: Taft, J.D.
name: Henderson, R.
name: Haynes, B.F.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2021

description: Recognition of N-linked glycan at residue N276 (glycan276) at the periphery of the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) on the HIV-envelope trimer is a formidable challenge for many CD4bs-directed antibodies. To understand how this glycan can be recognized, here we isolate two lineages of glycan276-dependent CD4bs antibodies. Antibody CH540-VRC40.01 (named for donor-lineage.clone) neutralizes 81% of a panel of 208 diverse strains, while antibody CH314-VRC33.01 neutralizes 45%. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of these two antibodies and 179NC75, a previously identified glycan276-dependent CD4bs antibody, in complex with HIV-envelope trimer reveal substantially different modes of glycan276 recognition. Despite these differences, binding of glycan276-dependent antibodies maintains a glycan276 conformation similar to that observed in the absence of glycan276-binding antibodies. By contrast, glycan276-independent CD4bs antibodies, such as VRC01, displace glycan276 upon binding. These results provide a foundation for understanding antibody recognition of glycan276 and suggest its presence may be crucial for priming immunogens seeking to initiate broad CD4bs recognition.
Regularization and Kernelization of the Maximin Correlation Approach
Creators: name: Lee, Taehoon
name: Moon, Taesup
name: Kim, Seung Jean
name: Yoon, Sungroh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robust classification becomes challenging when each class consists of multiple subclasses. Examples include multi-font optical character recognition and automated protein function prediction. In correlation-based nearest-neighbor classification, the maximin correlation approach (MCA) provides the worst-case optimal solution by minimizing the maximum misclassification risk through an iterative procedure. Despite the optimality, the original MCA has drawbacks that have limited its wide applicability in practice. That is, the MCA tends to be sensitive to outliers, cannot effectively handle nonlinearities in datasets, and suffers from having high computational complexity. To address these limitations, we propose an improved solution, named regularized maximin correlation approach (R-MCA). We first reformulate MCA as a quadratically constrained linear programming (QCLP) problem, incorporate regularization by introducing slack variables in the primal problem of the QCLP, and derive the corresponding Lagrangian dual. The dual formulation enables us to apply the kernel trick to R-MCA so that it can better handle nonlinearities. Our experimental results demonstrate that the regularization and kernelization make the proposed R-MCA more robust and accurate for various classification tasks than the original MCA. Furthermore, when the data size or dimensionality grows, R-MCA runs substantially faster by solving either the primal or dual (whichever has a smaller variable dimension) of the QCLP.
description: Submitted to IEEE Access
A forward model incorporating elevation-focused transducer properties for 3D full-waveform inversion in ultrasound computed tomography
Creators: name: Li, Fu
name: Villa, Umberto
name: Duric, Nebojsa
name: Anastasio, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) is an emerging medical imaging modality that holds great promise for improving human health. Full-waveform inversion (FWI)-based image reconstruction methods account for the relevant wave physics to produce high spatial resolution images of the acoustic properties of the breast tissues. A practical USCT design employs a circular ring-array comprised of elevation-focused ultrasonic transducers, and volumentric imaging is achieved by translating the ring-array orthogonally to the imaging plane. In commonly deployed slice-by-slice (SBS) reconstruction approaches, the three-dimensional (3D) volume is reconstructed by stacking together two-dimensional (2D) images reconstructed for each position of the ring-array. A limitation of the SBS reconstruction approach is that it does not account for 3D wave propagation physics and the focusing properties of the transducers, which can result in significant image artifacts and inaccuracies. To perform 3D image reconstruction when elevation-focused transducers are employed, a numerical description of the focusing properties of the transducers should be included in the forward model. To address this, a 3D computational model of an elevation-focused transducer is developed to enable 3D FWI-based reconstruction methods to be deployed in ring-array-based USCT. The focusing is achieved by applying a spatially varying temporal delay to the ultrasound pulse (emitter mode) and recorded signal (receiver mode). The proposed numerical transducer model is quantitatively validated and employed in computer-simulation studies that demonstrate its use in image reconstruction for ring-array USCT
The Fidelity of Recovery is Multiplicative
Creators: name: Berta, Mario
name: Tomamichel, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fawzi and Renner [Commun. Math. Phys. 340(2):575, 2015] recently established a lower bound on the conditional quantum mutual information (CQMI) of tripartite quantum states $ABC$ in terms of the fidelity of recovery (FoR), i.e. the maximal fidelity of the state $ABC$ with a state reconstructed from its marginal $BC$ by acting only on the $C$ system. The FoR measures quantum correlations by the local recoverability of global states and has many properties similar to the CQMI. Here we generalize the FoR and show that the resulting measure is multiplicative by utilizing semi-definite programming duality. This allows us to simplify an operational proof by Brandao et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115(5):050501, 2015] of the above-mentioned lower bound that is based on quantum state redistribution. In particular, in contrast to the previous approaches, our proof does not rely on de Finetti reductions.
description: v2: 9 pages, published version
Pharmacokinetics and predicted neutralisation coverage of VRC01 in HIV-uninfected participants of the Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials
Creators: name: Corey, L.
name: Gonzales, P.
name: Mngadi, K.
name: Mascola, J.
name: Naidoo, L.
name: Gilbert, P.B.
name: Burns, D.
name: Mgodi, N.
name: Juraska, M.
name: Edupuganti, S.
name: Ledgerwood, J.
name: Carpp, L.N.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Lorenzo, M.M.G.
name: Lazarus, E.
name: Rudnicki, E.
name: DeCamp, A.
name: Randhawa, A.
name: Zhang, L.
name: Cohen, M.
name: Karuna, S.
name: Andrew, P.
name: McDermott, A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2021

description: The phase 2b AMP trials are testing whether the broadly neutralising antibody VRC01 prevents HIV-1 infection in two cohorts: women in sub-Saharan Africa, and men and transgender persons who have sex with men (MSM/TG) in the Americas and Switzerland. We used nonlinear mixed effects modelling of longitudinal serum VRC01 concentrations to characterise pharmacokinetics and predict HIV-1 neutralisation coverage. We found that body weight significantly influenced clearance, and that the mean peripheral volume of distribution, steady state volume of distribution, elimination half-life, and accumulation ratio were significantly higher in MSM/TG than in women. Neutralisation coverage was predicted to be higher in the first (versus second) half of a given 8-week infusion interval, and appeared to be higher in MSM/TG than in women overall. Study cohort differences in pharmacokinetics and neutralisation coverage provide insights for interpreting the AMP results and for investigating how VRC01 concentration and neutralisation correlate with HIV incidence.
Epistasis analysis of metabolic genes polymorphisms associated with ischemic heart disease in Yucatan
Creators: name: García-González, Roger I. López-Díaz, José Reyes Canché-Pech, Alberto de J. Solís-Cárdenas, Jorge A. Flores-Ocampo, Renán Mendoza-Alcocer, Marco A. Jiménez-Rico, Adrián Alejandro Ceballos-López, María E. López-Novelo, Igrid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320101
subject: Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)
classificationCode: 320213
subject: Medical genetics (excl. cancer genetics)

description: Objective: Epistasis is a type of genetic interaction that could explain much of the phenotypic variability of complex diseases. In this work, the effect of epistasis of metabolic genes and cardiovascular risk on the susceptibility to the development of ischaemic heart disease in Yucatan was determined. Methods: Case-control study in 79 Yucatecan patients with ischaemic heart disease and 101 healthy controls matched by age and origin with cases. The polymorphisms -108CT, Q192R, L55 M (paraoxonase 1; PON1), C677T, A1298C (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; MTHFR),and the presence/absence of the glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) gene were genotyped. Epistasis analysis was performed using the multifactorial dimensional reduction method. The best risk prediction model was selected based on precision (%), statistical significance (p < 0.05) and cross-validation consistency. Results: We found an independent association of the null genotype GSTT1*0/0 (OR = 3.39; CI:1.29---8.87; p = 0.017) and the null allele (OR = 1.86; CI: 1.19-2.91; p = 0.007) with ischaemicheart disease. The GSTT1*0 deletion and the 677TT genotype (MTHFR) were identified as beingat a high cardiovascular risk, whereas the GSTT1*1 wild type genotype and the CC677 variantwere at low risk. The gene---environment interaction identified the GSTT1 gene, C677T poly-morphism (MTHFR) and hypertension as the factors that best explain ischaemic heart diseasein the study population.Conclusions: The interaction of the GSTT1 and MTHFR and hypertension may constitute a pre-dictive model of risk for early onset ischaemic heart disease in the population of Yucatan.
Active Spaghetti: Collective Organization in Cyanobacteria
Creators: name: Faluweki, Mixon K.
name: Cammann, Jan
name: Mazza, Marco G.
name: Goehring, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Filamentous cyanobacteria can show fascinating examples of nonequilibrium self-organization, which however are not well-understood from a physical perspective. We investigate the motility and collective organization of colonies of these simple multicellular lifeforms. As their area density increases, linear chains of cells gliding on a substrate show a transition from an isotropic distribution to bundles of filaments arranged in a reticulate pattern. Based on our experimental observations of individual behavior and pairwise interactions, we introduce a nonreciprocal model accounting for the filaments' large aspect ratio, fluctuations in curvature, motility, and nematic interactions. This minimal model of active filaments recapitulates the observations, and rationalizes the appearance of a characteristic lengthscale in the system, based on the Peclet number of the cyanobacteria filaments.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures