cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: A Novel and Effective Short Track Speed Skating Tracking System
Creators: name: Wang, Yuxuan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation proposes a novel and effective system for tracking high-speed skaters. A novel registration method is employed to automatically discover key frames to build the panorama. Then, the homography between a frame and the real world rink can be generated accordingly. Aimed at several challenging tracking problems of short track skating, a novel multiple-objects tracking approach is proposed which includes: Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), evolving templates, constrained dynamical model, fuzzy model, multiple templates initialization, and evolution. The outputs of the system include spatialtemporal trajectories, velocity analysis, and 2D reconstruction animations. The tracking accuracy is about 10 cm (2 pixels). Such information is invaluable for sports experts. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed system.
title: Social Implications of Adolescent Text Messaging
Creators: name: Tulane, Sarah S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2012

description: The purpose of this study was to pursue an understanding of social impacts of text messaging on adolescents. Mixed methodologies were used to gain an understanding of the social impacts of text messaging for adolescents. A sample (N = 218) of high school students was used to examine texting behaviors and practices, face-to-face communication preferences, and adolescent opinions about the use of text messaging in common social situations.
Texting behaviors and perceptions were related. Adolescents indicated they pretend to text in social situations for various reasons. For some, texting was an avoidance technique of self and others, others pretended to text to maintain a positive appearance in social situations, and for others pretending to text provided a sense of security. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine face-to-face communication in relation to texting behaviors and texting perceptions. Overall, texting behaviors and texting perceptions contributed to face-to-face communication. Finally, adolescents explained their perceptions of adult misconceptions of adolescent text messaging. They felt that adults have misconceptions about motivations and practices associated with text messaging, misconceptions concerning message content, and misconceptions about developmental impacts. There were also some participants who felt adults have accurate perceptions of adolescent texting.
Beam loading compensation for optimal bunch lengthening with harmonic cavities
Creators: name: Yamamoto, N.
name: Takahashi, T.
name: Sakanaka, S.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: Emittance growth and short beam lifetime due to intra-beam scattering in extremely low emittance storage rings can be mitigated if harmonic RF cavities are used for the purpose of lengthening the longitudinal bunch size. The “flat potential condition” can be achieved with harmonic cavities, lengthening the bunch by a factor of ~5. However, the performance is limited by the transient beam-loading effect in the RF cavities, which is induced by gaps in the ring fill pattern. As a counter-measure of this effect, we have proposed the active compensation techniques by using a single kicker cavity having a bandwidth of several times the revolution frequency. The transient effect can be compensated when the kicker cavity voltage is determined to suppress bunch phase shifts along the train.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 9 (2020): Proceedings of the ICFA mini-Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Zermatt, Switzerland, 23–27 September 2019
Suppression of the fast beam-ion instability by tune spread in the electron beam due to beam-beam effects
Creators: name: Stupakov, G.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: The fast beam-ion instability (FII) is caused by the interaction of an electron bunch train with the residual gas ions. The ion oscillations in the potential well of the electron beam have an inherent frequency spread due to the nonlinear profile of the potential. However, this frequency spread, and associated with it Landau damping, typically is not strong enough to suppress the instability. In this work, we develop a model of FII that takes into account the frequency spread in the electron beam due to the beam-beam interaction in an electron-ion collider. We show that with a large enough beam-beam parameter the fast ion instability can be suppressed. We estimate the strength of this effect for the parameters of the eRHIC electron-ion collider.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 9 (2020): Proceedings of the ICFA mini-Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Zermatt, Switzerland, 23–27 September 2019
Rank gradient and torsion groups
Creators: name: Osin, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F69, 20F05, 20E26

description: We construct first examples of infinite finitely generated residually finite torsion groups with positive rank gradient. In particular, these groups are non-amenable. Some applications to problems about cost and $L^2$-Betti numbers are discussed.
description: Some misprints are corrected.
title: A Comparative Study of the Mexican-Indian Students in the Carbon County Schools
Creators: name: Winn, John C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1955

description: Often expressed claims which amounted to a general belief among many of the administrators of the schools of Carbon County were the stimulus for this study. The claims generally expressed were that the Mexican-Indian students of the schools did not have as good ability, did not achieve as well, were poorer attenders, caused a larger amount of difficulty and delinquency and did not adjust to the school society as well proportionately as their co-students of other nationalities. It was stated that while many nationality groups were represented in the school population, that other groups were oriented, assimilated and amalgamated into the mainstream, and seemed to compare favorably, but this was not true of the Mexican-Indian student. It was also a quite common claim that there was little difference between the Mexican- Indian student and others during the early years and up until about the 9th grade but after that a definite contrast appeared and as time progressed the contrast broadened; the Mexican-Indian maturing and marrying earlier, losing interest in school earlier, dropping out earlier, and suffering a greater setback in progress achievement and accomplishment after the 9th grade . It was also claimed that Mexican-Indian family attitudes were not as favorable toward education as others.
Originally, it was planned to compare three groups - the Mexican, another nationality group and the main group. This proved not feasible as a third group was difficult, if not impossible, to find in sufficient quantities for statistical comparison within the scope of the study. This partially proved the one claim, that other nationality groups had amalgamated better. It was thus necessary to limit the comparison to the Mexican-Indian and all other students.
Global healthcare communication: innovating medical English education
Creators: name: Pan, Yu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: This study evaluates a medical English curriculum at a comprehensive Chinese medical university through a mixed-methods approach, focusing on how the curriculum addresses the linguistic and cultural competencies required for effective international healthcare communication. Grounded in a conceptual framework that considers social, cultural, and power dynamics, the research employs curriculum reviews, classroom observations, and structured interviews and surveys to explore both quantitative and qualitative aspects of curriculum effectiveness in developing communicative competencies. Quantitative findings highlight a pronounced focus on cultural competence and linguistic accuracy, confirming the curriculum’s alignment with international communication standards and the students’ recognition of their importance. However, these findings also reveal gaps in the practical application of theoretical knowledge. Qualitatively, the study discovers that integrating students’ diverse cultural backgrounds significantly enhances their engagement and educational outcomes. Implications thus advocate for curricular reforms that enrich discourse and narrative structures within the curriculum, aiming to improve intercultural sensitivity and the delivery of medical narratives. Such reforms are intended to better echo with international standards and enhance cross-cultural communication in global healthcare environments, thus addressing both the observed deficiencies and leveraging the curriculum’s existing strengths. This research evaluates a Medical English curriculum designed for medical students, focusing on its ability to equip students with the linguistic and cultural competencies necessary for effective communication in international healthcare settings. Key findings reveal that the curriculum successfully emphasizes cultural competence and linguistic accuracy, aligning with international communication standards. However, it also uncovers gaps in the practical application of this knowledge, suggesting that while students understand theoretical concepts, they may struggle to apply these in real-world scenarios. The integration of students’ diverse cultural backgrounds into the learning process was found to significantly enhance their engagement and learning outcomes, leading to improved intercultural sensitivity. These insights are crucial for the general public, especially as global healthcare becomes increasingly interconnected. Enhancing the curriculum can lead to better-prepared medical professionals who are not only skilled in their medical practice but are also competent communicators across cultural boundaries. Improvement in global healthcare education directly contributes to higher quality care for patients worldwide and fosters more effective international collaborations in health. Such advancements underscore the importance of culturally competent education in today’s globalized world.
title: A Follow-Up Study of the High School Graduates From the Cache County School District from 1956 Thru 1965
Creators: name: Hancock, Dennis Howard
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: Since any education institution is judged in terms of what it contributes to its students and to the welfare of society, it is almost certain that a follow-up study of the students will provide information that could aid in evaluating and improving the school's guidance and instructional programs; identifying needs and problems of graduates for future service by the school; and bringing the school and community closer together by promoting common understanding.
Follow-up studies are considered one of the most reliable methods of determining the effectiveness of educational programs. It is believed that this follow-up study can provide the Cache School District with information that will aid them in evaluating their high school curriculum in terms of strengthening the future high school programs, and thereby meeting the needs of the students and the community.
Radiocarbon Dates from Jar and Coffin Burials of the Cardamom Mountains Reveal a Previously Unrecorded Mortuary Ritual in Cambodia's Late- to Post-Angkor Period (15th-17th Centuries AD)
Creators: Beavan, Nancy
Halcrow, Sian
McFadgen, Bruce
Hamilton, Derek
Buckley, Brendan M.
Shewan, Louise
Sokha, Ouk
Fallon, Stewart
Miksic, John
Armstrong, Richard
O'Reilly, Dougald
Domett, Kate
Chhem, K. R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Archaeology
Funeral rites and ceremonies

description: We present the first radiocarbon dates from previously unrecorded, secondary burials in the Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia. The mortuary ritual incorporates nautical tradeware ceramic jars and log coffins fashioned from locally harvested trees as burial containers, which were set out on exposed rock ledges at 10 sites in the eastern Cardamom Massif. The suite of 28 14C ages from 4 of these sites (Khnorng Sroal, Phnom Pel, Damnak Samdech, and Khnang Tathan) provides the first estimation of the overall time depth of the practice. The most reliable calendar date ranges from the 4 sites reveals a highland burial ritual unrelated to lowland Khmer culture that was practiced from cal AD 1395 to 1650. The time period is concurrent with the 15th century decline of Angkor as the capital of the Khmer kingdom and its demise about AD 1432, and the subsequent shift of power to new Mekong trade ports such as Phnom Penh, Udong, and Lovek. We discuss the Cardamom ritual relative to known funerary rituals of the pre- to post-Angkorian periods, and to similar exposed jar and coffin burial rituals in Mainland and Island Southeast Asia.
title: Born Accessible, Born Digital: Data
Creators: name: Woodbrook, Rachel
name: Rosen, Stephanie
Publisher: name: University of Michigan
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Research data management
subject: Accessibility
subject: Research data
subject: Information and Library Science
subject: Social Sciences

description: Invited presentation for University of Maryland event commemorating the OSTP Year of Open Science. This deposit is content from the data section of the overall presentation, "Born digital, born accessible: Making the documents and data in open scholarship accessible to all"
description: The open scholarship / open science movement is based in part on the principle of equitable access to knowledge as a human right. But how equitable is that access if the documents and data produced in these frameworks are themselves not readily accessible to people with disabilities? In this webinar, experts will present the case for making the born-digital products of research accessible at the point of creation and will provide basic tools and techniques for making sure that born-digital documents and data are also accessible at the point of creation.
Coping with longitudinal instabilities using controlled emittance blow-up
Creators: name: Timko, H.
name: Albright, S.
name: Argyropoulos, T.
name: Baudrenghien, P.
name: Damerau, H.
name: Esteban Müller, J.
name: Haas, A.
name: Papotti, G.
name: Quartullo, D.
name: Repond, J.
name: Shaposhnikova, E.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: Controlled emittance blow-up is a widely-spread method to mitigate beam instabilities in accelerators. This paper summarises the different methods used to generate and apply RF phase noise or RF phase modulation in the RF systems of the CERN synchrotrons. It also details machine by machine when and how different methods are used.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 9 (2020): Proceedings of the ICFA mini-Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Zermatt, Switzerland, 23–27 September 2019
Simple generalizations of Anti-de Sitter space-time
Creators: name: Magueijo, Joao
name: Mozaffari, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider new cosmological solutions which generalize the cosmological patch of the Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-time, allowing for fluids with equations of state such that $w\neq -1$. We use them to derive the associated full manifolds. We find that these solutions can all be embedded in flat five-dimensional space-time with $--+++$ signature, revealing deformed hyperboloids. The topology and causal-structure of these spaces is therefore unchanged, and closed time-like curves are identified, before a covering space is considered. However the structure of Killing vector fields is entirely different and so we may expect a different structure of Killing horizons in these solutions.
description: 6 Pages, 5 Figures, Corrections and additions made for publication in Journal of Classical and Quantum Gravity
Luminescence and absorption spectra of some d6 complexes
Creators: name: Mingardi, Maurizio Antonio Pietro
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A systematic study has been done on the absorption and luminescence spectra of transition metal complexes with low-spin electronic configuration d⁶, in order to clarify the spectroscopic behavior of these complexes. The spectra have been measured in solutions and crystals at temperatures between 4 K and room temperature. The lifetimes of the luminescence were measured, too, as an aid to the assignments of the bands. Suitable equipment has been designed and assembled for these measurements. The series of transition metal complexes with different metal atoms and ligands was chosen in order to cover a large range of ligand field strengths and bonding characteristics. Some complexes of Co(lll), Ru(ll), Rh(lll), Os(ll), Ir(lll) and Pt(lV) have been found to luminesce. Other complexes have been investigated and even the absence of luminescence was important for the general understanding of the phenomenon. The results of this investigation show that for the complexes here studied the luminescence originates from the electronic transition ³T₁g, ↦ ¹A₁g , i.e. a transition of d-d type. Also, a luminescence of charge-transfer type has been reported in the literature for some d⁶ complexes. From our data and from the information already-available, some empirical rules were formulated for the luminescence of d⁶ low-spin complexes. A priori use of these rules enables us to prognosticate the presence and the characteristics of the luminescence of other d⁶, low-spin complexes.
title: Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Satellite Images, AI, and Risk
Creators: name: Frank, Rebecca D.
Publisher: name: Digital Curation Centre
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: risk
subject: AI
subject: satellite images
subject: gallery walk
subject: information science
subject: nuclear non-proliferation
subject: open source intelligence
subject: OSINT
subject: Information Science
subject: Social Sciences

description: Satellite images are one type of data used by analysts who monitor states to verify compliance with nuclear non-proliferation and arms control agreements (citizen-based monitoring & verification, or “CBM&V”). The people who engage in this work use data from a variety of sources, including satellites and other publicly available information, often referred to as open source intelligence or OSINT. The work of obtaining and analyzing satellite image data with the goal of identifying activities such as the development of weapons facilities requires the work of highly skilled analysts. This poster will present preliminary results from a July 2024 workshop and gallery walk with 14 satellite image analysis experts. This study received approval from the author’s Institutional Review Board. I explore here the following research questions: 1. How and in what ways do experts in satellite image analysis use machine learning and/or artificial intelligence (“ML/AI”) in their work? 2. How and in what ways do those experts understand current and/or future applications of ML/AI in their work? 3. How do those experts understand risks associated with their work in light of recent developments in ML/AI? Preliminary findings suggest that experts in satellite image analysis for CBM&V understand that ML/AI has a useful role to play in the management and processing of digital information, but that they tend not to find it directly useful for their current image analysis work. Participants were able to discuss a range of potential applications for ML/AI, with the caveat that the inherently risky nature of their work would demand greater transparency than is currently available. This is a community of data users for whom trust in the source of data, in the work of expert data users, and in the ability of publics to understand and believe in the work of those experts is crucial at all stages of work. This poster examines the ways in which those experts understand the impact of ML/AI on their high-stakes work.
Transverse beam instabilities and linear coupling in the LHC
Creators: name: Carver, L.R.
name: Buffat, X.
name: Métral, E.
name: Li, K.
name: Schenk, M.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: Transverse beam instabilities had been observed in the LHC when the tunes were moving closer together (Laslett tune shift at injection) or when the coupling was known to be large (the beam measurement of the closest tune approach, |C-| showed an increase to approximately the tune separation). This knowledge, in addition to the examples of transverse beam instabilities seen during the energy ramp at the HERA proton ring, hinted at a link between linear coupling and transverse stability. Linear coupling had been used in the Proton Synchrotron (PS) at CERN to stabilise a strong horizontal instability by coupling into the vertical plane. This was possible due to a sharing of the instability rise times between the two planes. These two sets of observations are seemingly in contradiction to each other. This provided the motivation for a study into how linear coupling plays a role in transverse beam stability in the LHC.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 9 (2020): Proceedings of the ICFA mini-Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Zermatt, Switzerland, 23–27 September 2019
gamma-Z corrections to forward-angle parity-violating e-p scattering
Creators: name: Sibirtsev, A.
name: Blunden, P. G.
name: Melnitchouk, W.
name: Thomas, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use dispersion relations to evaluate the gamma-Z box contribution to parity-violating electron scattering in the forward limit arising from the axial-vector coupling at the electron vertex. The calculation makes full use of the critical constraints from recent JLab data on electroproduction in the resonance region as well as high energy data from HERA. At the kinematics of the Qweak experiment, this gives a correction of 0.0047{+0.0011}{-0.0004}$ to the Standard Model value 0.0713(8) of the proton weak charge. While the magnitude of the correction is highly significant, the uncertainty is within the anticipated experimental uncertainty of +- 0.003.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, expanded version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
title: Natural Killer Activity in Gardner's Syndrome
Creators: name: Stembridge, Ann Marie
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1983

description: Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease presenting multiple colonic polyps with a predisposition for malignant change. In addition to colonic polyp formation by early adolescence, extracolonic lesions appear often prior to polyp formation. One theoretical mechanism for the origin of polyps and malignancies in Gardner's syndrome is a genetic defect in the natural killer cell activity of patients with this disease. Natural killer cells are a of lymphocytes that spontaneously lyse tumor cells subpopulation and virally transformed cells. A study was undertaken to determine the natural killer activity of patients with Gardner's syndrome .
Counting elements and geodesics in Thompson's group $F$
Creators: name: Elder, Murray
name: Fusy, Eric
name: Rechnitzer, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65

description: We present two quite different algorithms to compute the number of elements in the sphere of radius $n$ of Thompson's group $F$ with standard generating set. The first of these requires exponential time and polynomial space, but additionally computes the number of geodesics and is generalisable to many other groups. The second algorithm requires polynomial time and space and allows us to compute the size of the spheres of radius $n$ with $n \leq 1500$. Using the resulting series data we find that the growth rate of the group is bounded above by $2.62167...$. This is very close to Guba's lower bound of $\tfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}$ \cite{Guba2004}. Indeed, numerical analysis of the series data strongly suggests that the growth rate of the group is exactly $\tfrac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}$.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
Mitigation of collective effects by optics optimisation
Creators: name: Papaphilippou, Y.
name: Antoniou, F.
name: Bartosik, H.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: This paper covers recent progress in the design of optics solutions to minimize collective effects such as beam instabilities, intra-beam scattering or space charge in hadron and lepton rings. The necessary steps are reviewed for designing the optics of high-intensity and high-brightness synchrotrons but also ultra-low emittance lepton storage rings, whose performance is strongly dominated by collective effects. Particular emphasis is given to proposed and existing designs illustrated by simulations and beam measurements.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, Vol. 9 (2020): Proceedings of the ICFA mini-Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, Zermatt, Switzerland, 23–27 September 2019
title: Effects of Folic Acid or Zinc Malnutrition on Rotaviral Infection in a Murine Model
Creators: name: Morrey, John Douglas
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1984

description: The influences of dietary deficiencies of folic acid or zinc on rotaviral disease infant mice were studied. Preliminary studies indicated that bovine and simian rotaviruses, but not porcine rotavirus, caused diarrhea in infant mice. Bovine and porcine rotaviruses were not, however, sufficiently infectious to replace murine rotavirus in studies utilizing the murine model. It was also determined that murine rotavirus purified by a cesium chloride gradient was highly infectious and useful for subsequent studies on nutritional influences of rotaviral disease. In dietary studies, female Swiss Webster mice were fed diets containing deficient, moderately deficient, or adequate levels of folic acid or zinc. The quantity of s[specific nutrient added to the tow diets were 0, 0.125, and 0.50 ug of folic acid per gram of diet, and 4, 12, and 60 ug of zinc per gram of diet. The infants from these mice were orally inoculated with approximately 100 ID of purified murine rotavirus with sterile diluent as a control. Uninfected infants from dams fed the lowest folic acid diet gained weight at a significantly reduced rate compared with the two groups fed the higher dietary folic acid levels. Infants from the same low folic acid group had significantly less folate levels in their livers which indicated that a deficiency was achieved. A moderate enhancement of rotaviral disease was seen in these folic acid-deprived infants as determined by their decreased ability to gain weight, increased incidences of diarrhea, and an increased number which exhibited high rotaviral antigen titers in their intestines. Serum rotaviral antibody titers were below detectable levels in a significant number of animals fed the lowest folic acid diet.
Zinc deficiency in the infant mice was evidenced by significantly reduced thymus weight, inability to gain body weight, lower zinc concentration in whole infant mice, alopecia and presence of skin rashes.
The zinc deficiency produced in this study did not significantly affect weight gained by the infants, presence of diarrhea, titers of virus recovered from the intestine, rotaviral specific antibody in sera, rotaviral specific antibody in milk, ratio of intestine wieght to whole mouse weight, and serum sodium levels. Since zinc deficiency did not alter the rotaviral diesease, studies with athymic nude mice were done. After per os rotaviral exposure none of the athymic mice, while all of the mice with thumuses, had serum antibodies specific to rotavirus, demonstrating that elicitation of rotaviral specific antibodies was T-cell dependent.
The Schmidt number as a universal entanglement measure
Creators: name: Sperling, J.
name: Vogel, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The class of local invertible operations is defined and the invariance of entanglement under such operations is established. For the quantification of entanglement, universal entanglement measures are defined, which are invariant under local invertible transformations. They quantify entanglement in a very general sense. It is shown that the Schmidt number is a universal entanglement measure, which is most important for the general amount of entanglement. For special applications, pseudo-measures are defined to quantify the useful entanglement for a certain quantum task. The entanglement quantification is further specified by operational measures, which include the accessible observables by a given experimental setup.
description: 8 pages, Phys. Scr. in press, for previous Section IV see manuscript "Determination of the Schmidt number"
Regional climatic and North Atlantic Oscillation signatures in West Virginia red cedar over the past millennium
Creators: D'Arrigo, Rosanne Dorothy
Anchukaitis, Kevin
Buckley, Brendan M.
Cook, Edward R.
Wilson, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Eastern redcedar
Paleoclimatology
North Atlantic oscillation
Dendrochronology

description: We describe a millennial length (~ 1500-yr) tree-ring chronology developed from West Virginia (WVA), USA red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) ring widths that is significantly correlated with local to regional temperature and precipitation for the region. Using ensemble methods of tree-ring standardization, above average ring widths are indicated for the period between ~ 1000 and 1300 CE, the approximate time of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), the most recent major warm episode prior to the modern era. The chronology then transitions to more negative overall growth persisting through much of the subsequent period known as the Little Ice Age (LIA). While WVA cedar growth levels during the MCA are broadly similar to the 20th century mean, the most positive values during the MCA are associated with RCS-standardized chronologies, which pseudoproxy tests reveal are likely biased artificially positive, warranting further investigation. This cedar record is significantly correlated with the NAO, due to the tendency for warmer, wetter conditions to occur in the eastern-central USA during the NAO's positive phase. These types of conditions are inferred for this cedar chronology during the MCA period, during which NAO reconstructions suggest a persistently-positive NAO state.
title: Describing Qualitative Research in ASIS&T Publications, 2018-2022
Creators: name: Frank, Rebecca D.
name: Kriesberg, Adam
name: St. Hilaire, Monique
Publisher: name: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: qualitative research methods
subject: data management
subject: information science
subject: research methods
subject: Information Science
subject: Social Sciences

description: The Information Science/LIS research community welcomes research across the methodological spectrum, including qualitative methods featuring human subject research. This poster presents the research design and data collection process for an exploratory study examining qualitative research published as both long and short papers in ASIS&T Annual Meeting proceedings from 2018-2022.
title: Natural Killer Cell Activity and Beta-Endorphin in the Mink (Mustela Vison) and the In Vitro Effect of Beta-Endorphin in Immunologic Assays
Creators: name: Pace, Nancy Cathleen
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1984

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate natural killer cell activity and the possible role of beta- endorphin in a natural model of autoimmune orchitis, the dark mink.
An assay was developed to study natural killer cell activity in the mink and base-line levels of activity in this specie were determined. Natural killer cell activity was assessed in fertile mutation mink, primary infertile dark mink and secondary infertile Utah dark mink with autoimmune orchitis. The study included three sampling times: November, March and April. Natural killer cell activity was significantly lower in mink studied in April than it was in. mink studied in March or November, and there was a significant correlation of activity to fertility. The addition of beta-endorphin to natural killer cell cultures had no effect on activity.
A preliminary study was done to determine concentration levels of beta-endorphin in mink plasma, pituitary, hypothalamus and testes. Measurable amounts were found in all tissue types studied. Although the number of samples was too limited to draw significant conclusions, there appears to be a trend toward lower beta-endorphin concentration, in pituitary tissue and plasma samples, of mink with autoimmune orchitis. Beta-endorphin levels did not appear to correlate with natural killer cell activity in the mink.
Two assays, the natural killer assay and the blasto-genesis assay, were used to insure that the beta-endorphin preparation used in this study were active. Natural killer cell activity had been reported to be enhanced by the addition of beta-endorphin. In the present study natural killer cell activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was enhanced in the presence of betaendorphin, suggesting that the peptide was active. In addition, the blastogenic response of human PBMC was enhanced by the addition of beta-endorphin to cultures in the present study.
title: Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs on Immune Function in Human Subjects and Mice
Creators: name: Margaretten, Nadine C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1985

description: A number of immune abnormalities have been found in epileptic patients treated with antiepileptic drugs (AED). The alterations seen range from mild suppression of immunoglobulins to severly impaired humoral and cellular immunities. There is evidence for both drug effects and genetic or acquired factors as contributors to these abnormalities. In order to examine the basis for immune abnormalities in patients with epilepsy, a number of experimental designs were employed: clinical studies, in vitro studies, and use of an animal model.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from epileptic patients currently receiving AED were found to have a reduced OKT4+/0KT8+ ratio. A reduced natural killer (NK) cell activity was found which may be due to a low proportion of Leu 11+ cells. A reduced NK cell activity was also found in healthy siblings of the patients, indicating a possible genetic basis for the level of this activity. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity {ADCC), mitogenic responses, and total rosette-forming cells of PBMC isolated from patieots were found to be normal.
The AED phenytoin has been associated with a variety of immune function alterations and lymphoma. In this study, phenytoin was found to depress basal and augmented NK cell activity of human cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. This depression was reversible following short-term exposure and at levels considered therapeutic. Phenytoin also depressed ADCC, thus one mechanism by which phenytoin alters immune function is by its depression of cell -mediated cytotoxicity. In contrast to results obtained with phenytoin, the AED carbamazepine did not significantly alter NK cell activity, but the diluent propylene glycol depressed activity.
NFS mice given phenytoin produced lower specific antibody titers following antigen challenge. Body weights, specific organ weights for thymus, spleen, and liver, and blood cell counts were normal in these mice. The protocol was well tolerated by the animals at phenytoin dosages ranging from therapeutic to neurotoxic. Susceptibility to murine hepatitis virus was found to be increased in mice given a high dose of phenytoin. This animal model should allow investigations into toxic dose levels and mechanisms by which phenytoin and other AED alter immune function.
title: Cellular Immunity in Children with Down Syndrome (Trisomy-21)
Creators: name: Noble, Roger Lee
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1985

description: Individuals with Down syndrome (US) suffer from increased incidence of respiratory infections and lymphoblastic leukemia, and a death rate that is particularly high in the first 5 years of life. Relatively few studies have probed immune parameters in young US children. Primary immune defects in DS may be masked by a degree of immune maturity in adults, and hygienic factors may have an effect on immune capability throughout the years. A study of young children can give clearer evidence of the actual primary immune defects in DS.
Blood samples were drawn from 20 DS children under 6 years old and from age-matched controls. Packed blood cell volume was measured, various blood cell subpopulations were enumerated and differential counts were performed. Several tests of cellular immune function were performed and plasma zinc levels were determined using atomic adsorption spectrophotometry.
Elevated hematocrit levels were observed in the US group. White blood cell counts and proportions of rosette-forming cells were normal in blood from DS children. Altered neutrophil and lymphocyte proportions in DS samples resulted from a depressed number of circulating lymphocytes in the these subjects. This indicated that T cell numbers are low in DS. DS individuals had a low number of circulating OKT4+ T cells which resulted in significantly depressed T4:T8 ratios. Cells from DS subjects exhibited a reduced proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin; a low response to the optimal concentration of concanavalin A was seen with DS samples, but at suboptimal doses the response was normal; suboptimal concentrations of pokeweed mitogen elicited normal responses by cells from DS children. Preliminary results suggest that interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in young children may correlate positively with age and that DS subjects may produce normal or elevated amounts of IL-2. This suggests that IL-2 receptor function may be defective in T cells from DS children. DS children had normal natural killer cell activity and cells from those children were no more sensitive to the augmenting effects of interferon-alpha than cells from control children. Plasma zinc levels in DS appeared to be normal.
These findings not only provide evidence that the primary immune defect in DS involves low levels of T cells, but they show depressed number and function of helper T cells and suggest defective IL-2 receptor expression in DS.
title: Purification of Anthrax Toxin Protective Antigen Component and Characterization of its Binding Interaction with Bovine Kidney Cells
Creators: name: Martin, Daniel Dalton
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: Protective antigen component of B. anthracis toxin was produced and purified to the >99% level. Toxin was purified from culture supernatant utilizing concentration and liquid chromatography techniques. Purity was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
The purified protective antigen retained biological and antigenic activity as evidenced respectively by lethality in Fischer 344 rats when injected in combination with lethal factor, and by positive results on the Ouchterlony double diffussion assay.
Radioiodinated protective antigen was used both in the in vivo and the in vitro experiments. In vivo distribution of labelled protective antigen was determined in Fischer 344 rats. Assay of organ tissues for labelled protective antigen aided in the decision to use Maden-Darby bovine kidney cells for the cell cultures in the protective antigen binding studies.
Protective antigen binding studies, all performed at 37°C, evaluated criteria for receptor existence. Labelled protective antigen was found to bind specifically and reversibly to Maden-Darby bovine kidney cells. Receptors proved to be saturable. Scatchard analysis showed a relatively high dissociation constant (KD= 17 X 10-9M) compared to other toxins in similar studies. This indicated moderately low affinity for protective antigen.
The receptor was also partially characterized. It was shown that cholera toxin subunit B blocked the binding of labelled protective antigen to Maden-Darby bovine kidney cells and that the protective antigen receptor was insensitive to trypsin treatment. Both of these observations suggest a ganglioside as the receptor for protective antigen.
title: The Vertical Distribution of Salts in a Soil Profile During the Drainage Process
Creators: name: Yassin, Adel Taha
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1986

description: The purpose of this study was to develop a model to predict water extraction patterns and therefore salt distribution patterns in a one dimensional homogeneous soil profile for a specified root distribution.
Water extraction was simulated as a function of the total potential and the root density at any level of the profile.
Salt redistribution caused by irrigation was simulated by assuming a partial and proportional displacement of the water in each soil layer.
A computer program was written for the model in Fortran language and implemented on the Vax. To evaluate the performance of the model, test studies were carried out in the laboratory using two lysimeters and wheat as a crop.
A neutron probe and the four-probe electrode method were used to follow the change in the soil moisture and the salinity in the profile during the growing season. Comparisons were made between the measured and simulated values of water content and salinity. Application of the model results and recommendations for further research were suggested to improve the performance of the model.
title: The Effect of Instructional Presentation on Student Satisfaction and Performance as Demonstrated in an Electronic Distance Educational (EDE) Delivery System
Creators: name: Seamons, R. Alan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the emerging field of electronic distance education CEDE) so as to improve and enhance the delivery of educational programs utilizing EDE. The study was conducted at Utah State University, using an EDE-method (COM-NET) as the research setting. Thirty-seven instructors taught 45 courses over the COM-NET system from Fall quarter, 1985 through Summer quarter, 1986.
The design of this study was based upon simple correlation coefficient matrices and the subsequent prediction models of multiple regression analysis. Contextual data were gathered from a solicited instructor self-reporting instrument. The objective was to identify potential relationships between teaching styles and instructional utilities employed on student satisfaction and student performance in an EDE-based learning system. Teaching style data were gathered using the Gregorc Style Delineator (GSD). Instructional utilities data were gathered using the Instructional Utilities Inventory (IUI). Student satisfaction was measured using the USU course evaluation form and student performance assessments were made by using mean grades for those courses taught via COM-NET during the time period of concern in this study. The Abstract/Random teaching style had an effect on student satisfaction. Discovery techniques had an effect on student performance. The Abstract/Random and the Abstract/Sequential teaching styles utilized abstract devices.
Instructors were generally enthusiastic about their COM-NET teaching experience. The need for improved on-campus administrative awareness and support in terms of released time and money were identified as measures to improve the system. Instructional flexibility was stressed as important. The COM-NET students performed as well as on-campus students, due in part to their maturity and experiences.
It was concluded that instructional presentations have a significant effect on student outcomes. Given the emerging EDE methods more study is necessary to determine precise instructional procedures which result in improved student performances when learning via an EDE system.
Methods for measuring the citations and productivity of scientists across time and discipline
Creators: name: Petersen, Alexander M.
name: Wang, Fengzhong
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Publication statistics are ubiquitous in the ratings of scientific achievement, with citation counts and paper tallies factoring into an individual's consideration for postdoctoral positions, junior faculty, tenure, and even visa status for international scientists. Citation statistics are designed to quantify individual career achievement, both at the level of a single publication, and over an individual's entire career. While some academic careers are defined by a few significant papers (possibly out of many), other academic careers are defined by the cumulative contribution made by the author's publications to the body of science. Several metrics have been formulated to quantify an individual's publication career, yet none of these metrics account for the dependence of citation counts and journal size on time. In this paper, we normalize publication metrics across both time and discipline in order to achieve a universal framework for analyzing and comparing scientific achievement. We study the publication careers of individual authors over the 50-year period 1958-2008 within six high-impact journals: CELL, the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), Nature, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS), Physical Review Letters (PRL), and Science. In comparing the achievement of authors within each journal, we uncover quantifiable statistical regularity in the probability density function (pdf) of scientific achievement across both time and discipline. The universal distribution of career success within these arenas for publication raises the possibility that a fundamental driving force underlying scientific achievement is the competitive nature of scientific advancement.
description: 25 pages in 1 Column Preprint format, 7 Figures, 4 Tables. Version II: changes made in response to referee comments. Note: change in definition of "Paper shares."