cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Simple Algorithm for Exact Multinomial Tests
Creators: name: Resin, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work proposes a new method for computing acceptance regions of exact multinomial tests. From this an algorithm is derived, which finds exact p-values for tests of simple multinomial hypotheses. Using concepts from discrete convex analysis, the method is proven to be exact for various popular test statistics, including Pearson's chi-square and the log-likelihood ratio. The proposed algorithm improves greatly on the naive approach using full enumeration of the sample space. However, its use is limited to multinomial distributions with a small number of categories, as the runtime grows exponentially in the number of possible outcomes. The method is applied in a simulation study and uses of multinomial tests in forecast evaluation are outlined. Additionally, properties of a test statistic using probability ordering, referred to as the "exact multinomial test" by some authors, are investigated and discussed. The algorithm is implemented in the accompanying R package ExactMultinom.
description: 27 pages
Multi Processor Systems On Chip with Configurable Hardware Acceleration
Creators: name: Rossi, Davide <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: INF/01 Informatica

description: The evolution of the electronics embedded applications forces electronics systems designers to match their ever increasing requirements. This evolution pushes the computational power of digital signal processing systems, as well as the energy required to accomplish the computations, due to the increasing mobility of such applications.
Current approaches used to match these requirements relies on the adoption of application specific signal processors. Such kind of devices exploits powerful accelerators, which are able to match both performance and energy requirements. On the other hand, the too high specificity of such accelerators often results in a lack of flexibility which affects non-recurrent engineering costs, time to market, and market volumes too.
The state of the art mainly proposes two solutions to overcome these issues with the ambition of delivering reasonable performance and energy efficiency: reconfigurable computing and multi-processors computing. All of these solutions benefits from the post-fabrication programmability, that definitively results in an increased flexibility. Nevertheless, the gap between these approaches and dedicated hardware is still too high for many application domains, especially when targeting the mobile world.
In this scenario, flexible and energy efficient acceleration can be achieved by merging these two computational paradigms, in order to address all the above introduced constraints. This thesis focuses on the exploration of the design and application spectrum of reconfigurable computing, exploited as application specific accelerators for multi-processors systems on chip. More specifically, it introduces a reconfigurable digital signal processor featuring a heterogeneous set of reconfigurable engines, and a homogeneous multi-core system, exploiting three different flavours of reconfigurable and mask-programmable technologies as implementation platform for applications specific accelerators. In this work, the various trade-offs concerning the utilization multi-core platforms and the different configuration technologies are explored, characterizing the design space of the proposed approach in terms of programmability, performance, energy efficiency and manufacturing costs.
Set Theory as the Unified Scheme for Physics
Creators: name: Novikov-Borodin, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process of cognition is analysed to adjust the set theory to physical description. Postulates and basic definitions are revised. The specific sets of predicates, called presets, corresponding to the physical objects identified by an observer during cognition are introduced. Unlike sets, the presets are free of logical or set-theoretical paradoxes and may be consistently used in physical description. Schemes of cognition based on presets are considered. Being different logical systems, the relativistic and quantum theories, observations in modern cosmology cannot be consistently considered in one `unified physical theory', but they are in frames of introduced schemes of cognition.
description: Presented at "QTRF5", Vaxjo University, June 14-18, 2009. Supported by RFBR grant N 09-02-08107
SteParSyn: A Bayesian code to infer stellar atmospheric parameters using spectral synthesis
Creators: name: Tabernero, H. M.
name: Marfil, E.
name: Montes, D.
name: Hernández, J. I. González
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: SteParSyn is an automatic code written in Python 3.X designed to infer the stellar atmospheric parameters Teff, log(g), and [Fe/H] of FGKM-type stars following the spectral synthesis method. Aims: We present a description of the SteParSyn code and test its performance against a sample of late-type stars that were observed with the HERMES spectrograph mounted at the 1.2-m Mercator Telescope. This sample contains 35 late-type targets with well-known stellar parameters determined independently from spectroscopy. The code is available to the astronomical community in a GitHub repository. Methods: SteParSyn uses a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler to explore the parameter space by comparing synthetic model spectra generated on the fly to the observations. The synthetic spectra are generated with an spectral emulator. Results: We computed Teff, log(g), and [Fe/H] for our sample stars and discussed the performance of the code. We calculated an internal scatter for these targets of -12 +- 117 K in Teff, 0.04 +- 0.14 dex in log(g), and 0.05 +- 0.09 dex in [Fe/H]. In addition, we find that the log(g) values obtained with SteParSyn are consistent with the trigonometric surface gravities to the 0.1 dex level. Finally, SteParSyn can compute stellar parameters that are accurate down to 50 K, 0.1 dex, and 0.05 dex for Teff, log(g), and [Fe/H] for stars with vsini <= 30 km/s.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
UAV Trajectory Planning in Wireless Sensor Networks for Energy Consumption Minimization by Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Zhu, Botao
name: Bedeer, Ebrahim
name: Nguyen, Ha H.
name: Barton, Robert
name: Henry, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a promising candidate solution for data collection of large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we investigate a UAV-aided WSN, where cluster heads (CHs) receive data from their member nodes, and a UAV is dispatched to collect data from CHs along the planned trajectory. We aim to minimize the total energy consumption of the UAV-WSN system in a complete round of data collection. Toward this end, we formulate the energy consumption minimization problem as a constrained combinatorial optimization problem by jointly selecting CHs from nodes within clusters and planning the UAV's visiting order to the selected CHs. The formulated energy consumption minimization problem is NP-hard, and hence, hard to solve optimally. In order to tackle this challenge, we propose a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technique, pointer network-A* (Ptr-A*), which can efficiently learn from experiences the UAV trajectory policy for minimizing the energy consumption. The UAV's start point and the WSN with a set of pre-determined clusters are fed into the Ptr-A*, and the Ptr-A* outputs a group of CHs and the visiting order to these CHs, i.e., the UAV's trajectory. The parameters of the Ptr-A* are trained on small-scale clusters problem instances for faster training by using the actor-critic algorithm in an unsupervised manner. At inference, three search strategies are also proposed to improve the quality of solutions. Simulation results show that the trained models based on 20-clusters and 40-clusters have a good generalization ability to solve the UAV's trajectory planning problem in WSNs with different numbers of clusters, without the need to retrain the models. Furthermore, the results show that our proposed DRL algorithm outperforms two baseline techniques.
Hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters in dark energy cosmologies
Creators: name: De Boni, Cristiano <1979>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: FIS/05 Astronomia e astrofisica

description: In this work we investigate the influence of dark energy on structure formation, within five different cosmological models, namely a concordance $\Lambda$CDM model, two models with dynamical dark energy, viewed as a quintessence scalar field (using a RP and a SUGRA potential form) and two extended quintessence models (EQp and EQn) where the quintessence scalar field interacts non-minimally with gravity (scalar-tensor theories). 
We adopted for all models the normalization of the matter power spectrum $\sigma_{8}$ to match the CMB data. 
For each model, we perform hydrodynamical simulations in a cosmological box of $(300 \ {\rm{Mpc}} \ h^{-1})^{3}$ including baryons and allowing for cooling and star formation. 
We find that, in models with dynamical dark energy, the evolving cosmological background leads to different star formation rates and different formation histories of galaxy clusters, but the baryon physics is not affected in a relevant way. 
We investigate several proxies for the cluster mass function based on X-ray observables like temperature, luminosity, $M_{gas}$, and $Y_{X}$. 
We confirm that the overall baryon fraction is almost independent of the dark energy models within few percentage points. The same is true for the gas fraction.
This evidence reinforces the use of galaxy clusters as cosmological probe of the matter and energy content of the Universe.
We also study the $c-M$ relation in the different cosmological scenarios, using both dark matter only and hydrodynamical simulations.
We find that the normalization of the $c-M$ relation is directly linked to $\sigma_{8}$ and the evolution of the density perturbations for $\Lambda$CDM, RP and SUGRA, while for EQp and EQn it depends also on the evolution of the linear density contrast.
These differences in the $c-M$ relation provide another way to use galaxy clusters to constrain the underlying cosmology.
Fluctuations Destroying Long-Range Order in SU(2) Yang-Mills Theory
Creators: name: Koma, Tohru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study lattice SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with dimension $d\ge 4$. The model can be expressed as a $(d-1)$-dimensional O(4) non-linear $σ$-model in a $d$-dimensional heat bath. As is well known, the non-linear $σ$-model alone shows a phase transition. If the quark confinement is a consequence of absence of a phase transition for the Yang-Mills theory, then the fluctuations of the heat bath must destroy the long-range order of the non-linear $σ$-model. In order to clarify whether this is true, we replace the fluctuations of the heat bath with Gaussian random variables, and obtain a Langevin equation which yields the effective action of the non-linear $σ$-model through analyzing the Fokker-Planck equation. It turns out that the fluctuations indeed destroy the long-range order of the non-linear $σ$-model within a mean field approximation estimating a critical point, whereas for the corresponding U(1) gauge theory, the phase transition to the massless phase remains against the fluctuations.
description: 23 pages, no figure, v2: minor corrections; v3: two remarks added at the end of Sec. 4
Melanopsin Retinal Ganglion Cells: relevance to circadian rhythms and sleep in neurodegeneration
Creators: name: La Morgia, Chiara <1977>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: MED/26 Neurologia

description: In this PhD thesis 3 projects were addressed focusing on the melanopsin retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) system and its relevance for circadian rhythms and sleep in neurodegeneration.
The first project was aimed at completing the characterization of mRGCs system in hereditary optic neuropathies (LHON and DOA). We confirmed that mRGCs are relatively spared also in post-mortem retinal specimens of a DOA case and pupillometric evaluation of LHON patients showed preservation of the pupillary light reflex, with attenuated responses compared to controls. Cell studies failed to indicate a protective role exerted by melanopsin itself. 
The second project was aimed at characterizing the possible occurrence of optic neuropathy and rest-activity circadian rhythm dysfunction in Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD), as well as, at histological level, the possible involvement of mRGCs in AD. OCT studies demonstrated a subclinical optic neuropathy in both AD and PD patients, with a different pattern involving the superior and nasal quadrants in AD and the temporal quadrant in PD. Actigraphic studies demonstrated a tendency towards an increased intradaily variability (IV) and reduced relative amplitude (RA) of rest-activity circadian rhythm in AD and a significant increased IV a reduced RA in PD. Immunohistochemical analysis of post-mortem retinal specimens and optic nerve cross-sections of neuropathologically confirmed AD cases demonstrated a significant loss of mRGCs and a nearly significant loss of axons in AD compared to controls. The mRGCs were affected in AD independently from age and magnitude of axonal loss. Overall these results suggest a role of the mRGCs system in the pathogenesis of circadian dysfunction in AD. 
The third project was aimed at evaluating the possible association between a single nucleotide polymorphism of the OPN4 gene and chronotype or SAD, failing to find any significant association with chronotype, but showing a non-significant increment of TT genotype in SAD.
Density-functional tight-binding for beginners
Creators: name: Koskinen, Pekka
name: Mäkinen, Ville
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article is a pedagogical introduction to density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) method. We derive it from the density-functional theory, give the details behind the tight-binding formalism, and give practical recipes for parametrization: how to calculate pseudo-atomic orbitals and matrix elements, and especially how to systematically fit the short-range repulsions. Our scope is neither to provide a historical review nor to make performance comparisons, but to give beginner's guide for this approximate, but in many ways invaluable, electronic structure simulation method--now freely available as an open-source software package, hotbit.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Evaluation of Microbial Contamination in Bivalve Mollusks: Epidemiology and Diagnosis
Creators: name: Grodzki, Marco <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: AGR/05 Assestamento forestale e selvicoltura

description: Shellfish are filter-feeding organisms that can accumulate many bacteria and viruses. Considering that depuration procedures are not effective in removal of certain microorganisms, shellfish-borne diseases are frequent in many parts of the world, and their control must rely primarily on investigation of prevalence of human pathogens in shellfish and water environment. However, the diffusion of enteric viruses and Vibrio bacteria is not known in many geographical areas, for example in Sardinia, Italy.
A survey aimed at investigating the prevalence of Norovirus (NoV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae and V. vulnificus was carried out, analyzing both local and imported purified, non-purified and retail shellfish from North Italy and Sardinia. Shellfish from both areas were found contaminated by NoVs, HAV and Vibrio, including retail and purified animals. Molecular analysis evidenced different NoV genogroups and genotypes, including bovine NoVs, as well as pathogenic Vibrio strains, underlining the risk for shellfish consumers.
However, also other approaches are needed to control the diffusion of shellfish-borne diseases.
It was originally thought that enteric viruses are passively accumulated by shellfish. Recently, it was proven that NoVs bind to specific carbohydrate ligands in oysters, and various NoV strains are characterized by a different bioaccumulation pattern. To deepen the knowledge on this argument, a study was carried out, analyzing bioaccumulation of up to 8 different NoV strains in four different species of shellfish. Different bioaccumulation patterns were observed for each shellfish species and NoV strain used, potentially important in setting up effective shellfish purification protocols.
Finally, a novel study of evaluation of viral contamination in shellfish from the French Atlantic coast was carried out following the passage of Xynthia tempest over Western Europe which caused massive destruction. Different enteric viruses were found over a one month period, evidencing the potential of these events of contaminating shellfish.
Uplifted supersymmetric Higgs region
Creators: name: Dobrescu, Bogdan A.
name: Fox, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the parameter space of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model includes a region where the down-type fermion masses are generated by the loop-induced couplings to the up-type Higgs doublet. In this region the down-type Higgs doublet does not acquire a vacuum expectation value at tree level, and has sizable couplings in the superpotential to the tau leptons and bottom quarks. Besides a light standard-like Higgs boson, the Higgs spectrum includes the nearly degenerate states of a heavy spin-0 doublet which can be produced through their couplings to the $b$ quark and decay predominantly into τ^+τ^- or τν.
description: 14 pages; Signs in Eqns. (3.1) and (4.2) corrected, appendix included
Molecular properties from the explicitly connected expressions of the response functions within the coupled-cluster theory
Creators: name: Tucholska, Aleksandra M.
name: Moszynski, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the methods based on expectation value coupled cluster formalism - a common framework for the derivation of properties: the ground-state average value of an observable, cumulants of the second-order reduced density matrices, polarization propagator, quadratic response function, and transition probabilities. We discuss the approximations and give examples of the most important numerical results.
description: 35 pages, 1 figure
Selberg's zeta function for the modular group in the critical strip
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Yasufumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M36, 11F72

description: In the present paper, we study the growth of the Selberg zeta function for the modular group in the critical strip.
description: 6 pages
Supplementary document for Few-cycle optical vortices for strong field physics - 6746476.pdf
Creators: name: Guer, Matthieu
name: Luttmann, Martin
name: Hergott, Jean-Francois
name: Lepetit, Fabien
name: Tcherbakoff, Olivier
name: Ruchon, Thierry
name: Geneaux, Romain
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Additional details on the coupling of OAM beams into a fiber, benchmark data taking with gaussian beams, and OAM conservation in SPM.
Current fluctuations in nonequilibrium discontinuous phase transitions
Creators: name: Fiore, C. E.
name: Harunari, Pedro E.
name: Noa, C. E. Fernández
name: Landi, Gabriel T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discontinuous phase transitions out of equilibrium can be characterized by the behavior of macroscopic stochastic currents. But while much is known about the the average current, the situation is much less understood for higher statistics. In this paper, we address the consequences of the diverging metastability lifetime -- a hallmark of discontinuous transitions -- in the fluctuations of arbitrary thermodynamic currents, including the entropy production. In particular, we center our discussion on the \emph{conditional} statistics, given which phase the system is in. We highlight the interplay between integration window and metastability lifetime, which is not manifested in the average current, but strongly influences the fluctuations. We introduce conditional currents and find, among other predictions, their connection to average and scaled variance through a finite-time version of Large Deviation Theory and a minimal model. Our results are then further verified in two paradigmatic models of discontinuous transitions: Schlögl's model of chemical reactions, and a $12$-states Potts model subject to two baths at different temperatures.
New spinorial approach to mass inequalities for black holes in general relativity
Creators: name: Kopiński, Jarosław
name: Kroon, Juan A. Valiente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new spinorial strategy for the construction of geometric inequalities involving the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) mass of black hole systems in general relativity is presented. This approach is based on a second order elliptic equation (the approximate twistor equation) for a valence 1 Weyl spinor. This has the advantage over other spinorial approaches to the construction of geometric inequalities based on the Sen-Witten-Dirac equation that it allows to specify boundary conditions for the two components of the spinor. This greater control on the boundary data has the potential of giving rise to new geometric inequalities involving the mass. In particular, it is shown that the mass is bounded from below by an integral functional over a marginally outer trapped surface (MOTS) which depends on a freely specifiable valence 1 spinor. From this main inequality, by choosing the free data in an appropriate way, one obtains a new nontrivial bounds of the mass in terms of the inner expansion of the MOTS. The analysis makes use of a new formalism for the $1+1+2$ decomposition of spinorial equations.
description: v3: minor corrections
Large non-Gaussianity generated after D-term Inflation by Right-Handed Sneutrino Curvaton
Creators: name: Lin, Chia-Min
name: Cheung, Kingman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider large non-Gaussianity generated after D-term inflation in the case that the adiabatic curvature perturbation produced is dominated by a right-handed (RH) sneutrino curvaton. The cosmic string problem can also be evaded with around 10% contribution to the CMB power spectrum and the spectral index $n_s \simeq 1$. The non-Gaussianity produced can be as large as $10
description: 9 pages
Search for line-like and box-shaped spectral features from nearby galaxy clusters with 11.4 years of Fermi LAT data
Creators: name: Shen, Zhao-Qiang
name: Xia, Zi-Qing
name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sharp spectral structures in the $γ$-ray band are an important dark matter (DM) signature. Previously, a tentative line feature at $\sim 43~{\rm GeV}$ is reported in 16 nearby galaxy clusters (GCls) with 7.1 years of Fermi-LAT data, whose TS value is $\sim 16.7$. In this work, we search for line signals and box-shaped structures using the stacked data from those 16 GCls with 11.4-yr P8R3 data. There is still a hint at $\sim {42~\rm GeV}$, dominated by the radiation of Virgo and Ophiuchus clusters. Though the TS value was high up to 21.2 in October 2016, currently it has dropped to 13.1. Moreover, the TS value at $\sim {42~\rm GeV}$ decreases to 2.4 when the EDISP2 data are excluded from the analysis. Consequently, we do not find any statistically significant line-like signal and then set up the 95% confidence level upper limits on the thermally averaged cross section of DM annihilating into double photons. The same line search has been carried out for an alternative GCl sample from the Two Micron All-Sky Survey but no any evidence has been found. We also search for box-shaped features in those 16 baseline GCls. No signal is found as well and the corresponding upper limits on the annihilation cross section are given.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures and 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Petrarca, il «vario stile» e l'idea di lirica
Creators: name: Grimaldi, Marco
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014
Subjects: Isidoro di Siviglia; Petrarca; Medioevo; Middle Ages; poesia lirica; Lyrical Poetry.

description: Il saggio analizza la diffusione della definizione di lirica contenuta nelle Etymologiae di Isidoro di Siviglia, che si fondava sulla varietà formale. Si cerca quindi di dimostrare: a) il legame fra tale “varietà lirica” e il «vario stile» del sonetto proemiale del Canzoniere; b) l’esistenza di un paradigma medievale della lirica come ‘poesia metricamente e stilisticamente varia’ da accostare a quello classico di ‘poesia cantata al suono della lira’ e a quello moderno di ‘poesia come espressione dell’interiorità’.

The paper analyses the circulation of the definition of lyric poetry given by Isidore of Seville in his Etymologiae, which was based on formal variety. The author tries to prove: a) the link between this “lyrical variety” and the «vario stile» in the first sonnet of Petrarch’s Rerum vulgarium fragmenta; b) the presence of a medieval idea of lyric as ‘poetry caracterized by metrical and stylistic variety’ that we propose to add to the classical (‘poetry accompanied by music’) and modern idea (‘genre which expresses personal feelings’).
description: Carte romanze, Vol 2, No 1 (2014)
DRSwitchR.doc from Fitness benefits of dietary restriction
Creators: name: Sultanova, Zahida
name: Ivimey-Cook, Edward R.
name: Chapman, Tracey
name: Maklakov, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Dietary restriction (DR) improves survival across a wide range of taxa yet remains poorly understood. The key unresolved question is whether this evolutionarily conserved response to temporary lack of food is adaptive. Recent work suggests that early-life DR reduces survival and reproduction when nutrients subsequently become plentiful, thereby challenging adaptive explanations. A new hypothesis maintains that increased survival under DR results from reduced costs of overfeeding. We tested the adaptive value of DR response in an outbred population of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. We found that DR females did not suffer from reduced survival upon subsequent re-feeding and had increased reproduction and mating success compared to their continuously fully fed (FF) counterparts. The increase in post-DR reproductive performance was of sufficient magnitude that females experiencing early-life DR had the same total fecundity as continuously FF individuals. Our results suggest that the DR response is adaptive and increases fitness when temporary food shortages cease.
The use of small groups for identifying problems in a formal organization
Creators: name: Hyde, William Paul
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study was addressed to two problems. The first was to gather and analyze information intended to identify conditions regarded as problematic and conditions regarded as favorable by members of a formal organization, the Mormon Church. The means employed for gathering the basic information consisted of a set of operations designed to guide small groups in the process of joint problem-identification and produced as an outcome statements indicating preferred and non-preferred conditions. The second problem was to ascertain if this set operations presumably tending toward a more democratic orientation, would be an appropriate method of gathering information, given the theocratic nature of the organization in which they were employed. The information was obtained during the academic year 1972-73 and utilized a dense sample through three levels of personnel associated with a particular program of the organization. The participants were students, full-time professionals, and ecclesiastical leaders directly involved in the part-time institutes of religion. Collectively these groups generated 756 statements. The statements were then thematically classified and rank ordered to identify conditions most frequently cited as problematic and preferred. Once identified, these conditions were analyzed for possible interrelationships. This was followed by an analysis concerning the dependability of the basic information. A report was prepared for the senior administrator within the organization and, subsequently, information was sought concerning his views of the usefulness of that report. The total data gathering procedure was also critically evaluated. It was concluded that despite the basic differences in the authority orientations of the organization and the procedures used to obtain the information, (1) the operations appeared to produce information that was reasonably dependable and administratively useful (with certain limitations), (2) the conditions regarded as problematic reflected a considerable degree of interrelatedness, and (3) there seemed to be no evidence that the operations were an inimical or inappropriate method for gathering information, given the conditions under whey they were employed. Several procedural changes are also recommended.
Quantifying stochasticity-driven uncertainties in H II region metallicities
Creators: name: Arora, Raghav
name: Krumholz, Mark R.
name: Federrath, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of Integral Field Units (IFUs), surveys can now measure metallicities across the discs of nearby galaxies at scales $\lesssim 100~$ pc. At such small scales, many of these regions contain too few stars to fully sample all possible stellar masses and evolutionary states, leading to stochastic fluctuations in the ionising continuum. The impact of these fluctuations on the line diagnostics used to infer galaxy metallicities is poorly understood. In this paper, we quantify this impact for six most commonly-used diagnostics. We generate stochastic stellar populations for galaxy patches with star formation rates varying over a factor of $1000$, compute the nebular emission that results when these stars ionise gas at a wide range of densities, metallicities, and determine how much inferred metallicities vary with fluctuations in the driving stellar spectrum. We find that metallicities derived from diagnostics that measure multiple ionisation states of their target elements (e.g.~electron temperature methods) are weakly affected (variation $< 0.1$ dex), but that larger fluctuations ($\sim 0.4$ dex) occur for diagnostics that depend on a single ionisation state. Scatter in the inferred metallicity is generally largest at low star formation rate and metallicity, and is larger for more sensitive observations than for shallower ones. The main cause of the fluctuations is stochastic variation in the ionisation state in the nebula in response to the absence of Wolf-Rayet stars, which dominate the production of $\gtrsim 2-3$ Ryd photons. Our results quantify the trade-off between line brightness and diagnostic accuracy, and can be used to optimise observing strategies for future IFU campaigns.
The conjugacy problem and virtually cyclic subgroups in the Artin braid group quotient $B_n/[P_n,P_n]$
Creators: name: Ocampo, Oscar
name: Júnior, Paulo Cesar Cerqueira dos Santos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 20F36, Secondary: 20E45

description: Let $n\geq 3$. In this paper we deal with the conjugacy problem in the Artin braid group quotient $B_n/[P_n,P_n]$. To solve it we use systems of equations over the integers arising from the action of $B_n/[P_n,P_n]$ over the abelianization of the pure Artin braid group $P_n/[P_n,P_n]$. Using this technique we also realize explicitly infinite virtually cyclic subgroups in $B_n/[P_n,P_n]$.
description: 16 pages. Comments are welcome
Convergence structures and Hausdorff uo-Lebesgue topologies on vector lattice algebras of operators
Creators: name: Deng, Yang
name: de Jeu, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 47B65, Secondary 06F25, 46A16, 46A19

description: A vector sublattice of the order bounded operators on a Dedekind complete vector lattice can be supplied with the convergence structures of order convergence, strong order convergence, unbounded order convergence, strong unbounded order convergence, and, when applicable, convergence with respect to a Hausdorff uo-Lebesgue topology and strong convergence with respect to such a topology. We determine the general validity of the implications between these six convergences on the order bounded operator and on the orthomorphisms. Furthermore, the continuity of left and right multiplications with respect to these convergence structures on the order bounded operators, on the order continuous operators, and on the orthomorphisms is investigated, as is their simultaneous continuity. A number of results are included on the equality of adherences of vector sublattices of the order bounded operators and of the orthomorphisms with respect to these convergence structures. These are consequences of more general results for vector sublattices of arbitrary Dedekind complete vector lattices. The special attention that is paid to vector sublattices of the orthomorphisms is motivated by explaining their relevance for representation theory on vector lattices.
description: 33 pages. Some typos corrected. The use of a result on f-algebras has led to stronger versions of Proposition 2.6, Corollary 2.7, and Theorem 6.2. Final version, to appear in Positivity
Using three-spined stickleback activities for teaching adaptive evolution in a college General Biology Lab.
Creators: Kaitlin Bonner
Publisher: name: HHMI BioInteractive Educator Resource Library
Year: 2023

This lab activity combines and adapts several stickleback resources. Students explore adaptive evolution by working with virtual lab specimens, determine heritability through genetic crosses, and connect genotype to phenotype by examining Pitx1.
title: Manifestaciones atípicas y complicaciones de la hidatidosis: Espectro de hallazgos de imagen .
Creators: name: Grande Barez, Miguel
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Infection
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Abdomen

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
Describir las diferentes formas clínicas y radiológicas en que se puede presentar la enfermedad hidatídica abdominal. Conocer las diferentes vías de propagación de la enfermedad,
que se correlacionan directamente con los distintos tipos de...
Rainwater harvesting  in Mediterranean  silvopastoral systems - Captação de águas pluviais em sistemas silvopastoris no Mediterrâneo
Creators: name: Paulo, Amaral
name: Joana; Almeida
name: , Raquel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: rainwater catchment; runoff; rain; water conservation; shallow soils; soil conservation; drought; climate change
Captação de água da chuva; escoamento; chuva; conservação de água; pluviosidade; solos rasos; conservação do solo; seca; alterações climáticas

description: Tradução de Folha Informativa de Inovação do projeto AFINET- Nas regiões secas, como na bacia Mediterrânica, a disponibilidade de água é uma preocupação que requer a promoção de práticas e ferramentas de gestão sustentáveis. Este problema é ainda mais acentuado num cenário de alterações climáticas. A chuva pode também ser uma causa de erosão do solo. Tal acontece, por exemplo, quando o solo tem baixa capacidade de armazenamento de água e/ou durante eventos extremos como chuva torrencial num período de tempo curto. A disponibilidade de água é uma preocupação crescente para os agricultores da zona Mediterrânica, que ficou demonstrada na RAIN portuguesa do projeto AFINET. Alguns dos participantes têm vindo a instalar diversas charcas e swales de modo a maximizar a captação das águas pluviais.  - Innovation leaflet of the AFINET project - In dry areas such as the ones found in the Mediterranean region, water availability is a critical issue that requires the promotion of sustainable management practices and tools. These issues are even more relevant under current climate change scenarios. Rain may also be a cause of soil erosion. This happens, for example, in the cases where the land is not suitably designed to store water, and/or when extreme events such as intensive rainfall, occur in short periods of time. Some stakeholders have implemented swales and small ponds to maximize water catchment.
DECAF: Deep Extreme Classification with Label Features
Creators: name: Mittal, Anshul
name: Dahiya, Kunal
name: Agrawal, Sheshansh
name: Saini, Deepak
name: Agarwal, Sumeet
name: Kar, Purushottam
name: Varma, Manik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; I.2.7

description: Extreme multi-label classification (XML) involves tagging a data point with its most relevant subset of labels from an extremely large label set, with several applications such as product-to-product recommendation with millions of products. Although leading XML algorithms scale to millions of labels, they largely ignore label meta-data such as textual descriptions of the labels. On the other hand, classical techniques that can utilize label metadata via representation learning using deep networks struggle in extreme settings. This paper develops the DECAF algorithm that addresses these challenges by learning models enriched by label metadata that jointly learn model parameters and feature representations using deep networks and offer accurate classification at the scale of millions of labels. DECAF makes specific contributions to model architecture design, initialization, and training, enabling it to offer up to 2-6% more accurate prediction than leading extreme classifiers on publicly available benchmark product-to-product recommendation datasets, such as LF-AmazonTitles-1.3M. At the same time, DECAF was found to be up to 22x faster at inference than leading deep extreme classifiers, which makes it suitable for real-time applications that require predictions within a few milliseconds. The code for DECAF is available at the following URL https://github.com/Extreme-classification/DECAF.
The magnetic state of 1212-type ruthenocuprate in magnetocaloric and magnetoresistivity measurements of polycrystalline samples of RuSr2Gd1-xCexCu2O8 and Ru1-xSr2GdCu2O8
Creators: name: Klamut, Piotr W
name: Plackowski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic properties of superconducting Ru1-xSr2GdCu2O8 (x=0, 0.02) and non-superconducting RuSr2Gd1-xCexCu2O8 (x=0.07, 0.1) were investigated by means of magnetocaloric experiments with complementary magnetoresistivity and ac susceptibility measurements. The isothermal magnetocaloric coefficient M_{T}(B) assumes positive values in a broad range of temperatures (20K
Studies on the interaction of surfactants and neutral cyclodextrins by capillary electrophoresis. Application to chiral analysis
Creators: name: Bendazzoli, Claudia <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: CHIM/08 Chimica farmaceutica

description: In the present study, mixed systems composed of SDS in the presence of neutral cyclodextrins were considered. Firstly, the effect of the CDs on the CMC of the surfactant was evaluated by CE experiments. Furthermore, a new CE approach based on electric current measurement was developed for the estimation of the stoichiometry as well as of the binding constants of SDS-CDs complexes. The results of these investigations were compared to those obtained with a different technique, electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The obtained results suggested that methylated CDs, in particular (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-beta-CD), strongly affect the micellization of SDS in comparison to the other studied CDs. This effect also paralleled the chiral CD-MEKC performance, as indicated by the enantioresolution of (+/-)-Catechin, which was firstly selected as a model compound representative of important chiral phytomarkers. Then a CD-MEKC system, composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant (90 mM) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (25 mM) as chiral selector, under acidic conditions (25 mM borate – phosphate buffer, pH 2.5) was applied to study the thermal epimerisation of epi-structured catechins, (-)-Epicatechin and (-)-Epigallocatechin, to non epi-structured (-)-Catechin and (-)-Gallocatechin. The latter compounds, being non-native molecules, were for the first time regarded as useful phytomarkers of tea sample degradation. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of more than twenty tea samples of different geographical origins (China, Japan, Ceylon), having undergone different storage conditions and manufacturing processes.
Mean absorption estimation from room impulse responses using virtually supervised learning
Creators: name: Foy, Cédric
name: Deleforge, Antoine
name: Di Carlo, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of building acoustics and the acoustic diagnosis of an existing room, this paper introduces and investigates a new approach to estimate mean absorption coefficients solely from a room impulse response (RIR). This inverse problem is tackled via virtually-supervised learning, namely, the RIR-to-absorption mapping is implicitly learned by regression on a simulated dataset using artificial neural networks. We focus on simple models based on well-understood architectures. The critical choices of geometric, acoustic and simulation parameters used to train the models are extensively discussed and studied, while keeping in mind conditions that are representative of the field of building acoustics. Estimation errors from the learned neural models are compared to those obtained with classical formulas that require knowledge of the room's geometry and reverberation times. Extensive comparisons made on a variety of simulated test sets highlight different conditions under which the learned models can overcome the well-known limitations of the diffuse sound field hypothesis underlying these formulas. Results obtained on real RIRs measured in an acoustically configurable room show that at 1~kHz and above, the proposed approach performs comparably to classical models when reverberation times can be reliably estimated, and continues to work even when they cannot.
New Evolutionary Computation Models and their Applications to Machine Learning
Creators: name: Oltean, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic Programming is one of the most important areas of computer science research today. Hardware speed and capability have increased exponentially, but the software is years behind. The demand for software has also increased significantly, but it is still written in old fashion: by using humans. There are multiple problems when the work is done by humans: cost, time, quality. It is costly to pay humans, it is hard to keep them satisfied for a long time, it takes a lot of time to teach and train them and the quality of their output is in most cases low (in software, mostly due to bugs). The real advances in human civilization appeared during the industrial revolutions. Before the first revolution, most people worked in agriculture. Today, very few percent of people work in this field. A similar revolution must appear in the computer programming field. Otherwise, we will have so many people working in this field as we had in the past working in agriculture. How do people know how to write computer programs? Very simple: by learning. Can we do the same for software? Can we put the software to learn how to write software? It seems that is possible (to some degree) and the term is called Machine Learning. It was first coined in 1959 by the first person who made a computer perform a serious learning task, namely, Arthur Samuel. However, things are not so easy as in humans (well, truth to be said - for some humans it is impossible to learn how to write software). So far we do not have software that can learn perfectly to write software. We have some particular cases where some programs do better than humans, but the examples are sporadic at best. Learning from experience is difficult for computer programs. Instead of trying to simulate how humans teach humans how to write computer programs, we can simulate nature.
description: 169 pages. This thesis describes several evolutionary models developed by the author during his PhD program
Additional file 6 of Integrative analyses of maternal plasma cell-free DNA nucleosome footprint differences reveal chromosomal aneuploidy fetuses gene expression profile
Creators: name: Zhang, Min
name: Li, Kun
name: Qu, Shoufang
name: Guo, Zhiwei
name: Wang, Yuanli
name: Yang, Xu
name: Zhou, Junhua
name: Ouyang, Guojun
name: Weng, Rongtao
name: Li, Fenxia
name: Wu, Yingsong
name: Yang, Xuexi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: All additional figures.