Streamflow intermittence in European reaches
Creators: name: Abbasi, Mahdi
name: Döll, Petra
name: Messager, Mathis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 370704
subject: Surface water hydrology
classificationCode: 370799
subject: Hydrology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 370999
subject: Physical geography and environmental geoscience not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 370599
subject: Geology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 419999
subject: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified

description: 1. Overview and background2. Repository content3. Data format and projection4. License and citations4.1 License agreement4.2 Citations and acknowledgements<b>1. Overview and background</b>This documentation describes the data used/produced for the research article: Döll, P., Abbasi, M., Trautmann, T., Messager, M. L., Lehner, B., Lamouroux, N. (2024). Streamflow intermittence in Europe: Estimating high-resolution monthly time series by downscaling of simulated runoff and Random Forest modeling.In this study, we estimated streamflow intermittence dynamics in European rivers and streams at high spatial resolution. We simulated monthly time series of streamflow intermittence in five classes (0, 1-5, 6-15, 16-29 and 30-31 no-flow days per month) from 1981 to 2019 for more than 1.5 million stream reaches in Europe. To accomplish this, we gathered daily streamflow data at 3706 European gauging stations during 1981-2019 to calibrate and validate a set of random forest models. A total of 23 predictor variables were used in the random forest models, classified into three primary groups:1. predictors derived from downscaled streamflow of the Global Hydrological Model WaterGAP 2.2e (Müller Schmied et al. 2023) from a resolution of 0.5 arc-degrees (~55 km at the equator) to a resolution of 15 arc-seconds (~500 m at the equator).2. two additional outputs from WaterGAP 2.2e at 0.5 degrees3. static predictors describing the physiography (e.g., drainage area), climate (e.g., aridity index), geology and land cover at and upstream of every river reach derived by the same approach as HydroATLAS specifically for European rivers (Linke et al. 2019).Downscaling was performed as an initial step of this study.The data repository includes the following two datasets:1. Data: the files required for executing the modeling workflow found in the https://github.com/mahabbasi/europeanIRmap.git GitHub repository.2. Results: the files resulting from running the workflow3. setup_preprocessing_downscaling_algorithm: files need to execute the pre-processing step in downscaling streamflow<b>2. Repository content</b>The data repository has the following structure:<b>-- Data.zip</b><b>|----- monthlystreamflow_obs:</b> <i>monthly streamflow observation at 3706 European gauging stations.</i><b>|----- model_data:</b> <i>a table of data which includes the response and predictor variables required for the random forest modeling.</i><b>|----- ONDE:</b><i> a table of data for the ONDE database (Observatoire National Des Etiages)</i><b>|----- Predictors:</b> <i>static and high-resolution predictors</i><b>|----------- static:</b> <i>static predictor variables for European river reaches</i><b>|----------- hr_predictors.fst:</b> <i>dynamic</i> <i>high-resolution predictors derived by downscaling streamflow from the WaterGAP global hydrological model for European river reaches</i><b>|----------- LR:</b><i> two dynamic</i> <i>low-resolution predictors derived from input</i><b>|-----------------qrdif_ql_ratio_LR.csv: </b><i>Ratio of diffuse groundwater recharge to runoff from land for 3706 European gauging stations</i><b>|-----------------wetdays_LR.csv: </b><i>Number of wet days for 3706 European gauging stations</i><b>|----- shp:</b> <i>the shapefiles required to launch the model, including the spatial representation of reaches and gauging stations</i><b>|----------- compare_intermittency_regional:</b> <i>The Scandinavian and Mediterranean reaches</i><b>|----------- eu_nets:</b> <i>river network lines for ~1.5 million river reaches across Europe</i><b>|----------- eu_stations:</b> <i>points representing 3706 European gauging stations</i><b>|----------- ONDE:</b> <i>river network lines associated with 2900 ONDE observation sites</i><b>-- results.zip</b><b>|----- reach_output:</b> <i>predicted intermittence class for European reaches during 1981-2019</i><b>|----- shp</b><b>|----------- gauging_stations:</b> <i>point shapefile for producing figures 2, 4, 6 and S3 in the study.</i><b>|----------- onde:</b> <i>line shapefile for producing figure 10 in the study.</i><b>|----------- reaches:</b> <i>line shapefile for producing figures 8, and S8 in the study.</i>To read the files serialized as ‘.fst’ files requires first installing the <i>fst</i> R package (https://www.fstpackage.org/).<b>-- setup_preprocessing_downscaling_algorithm.zip</b><b>|-----</b> <b>flowdir_30min.tif:</b> <i>DDM30 flow directions [ESRI flow direction codes]</i><b>|----- landratio_correction.tif: </b><i>Ratio between percent of LR cell covered by HydroSHEDS landmask and percent of cell covered by WaterGAP landmask</i><b>|----- orgDDM30area.tif: </b><i>Area of LR cells of WaterGAP [km²]</i><b>|----- pixareafraction_glolakres_15s.tif:</b> <i>Ratio of global surface water bodies that is covered by the HR grid cell</i><b>3. Data format and projection</b>The geometric network (lines) and gauging stations (points) datasets are distributed both in ESRI® file shapefile formats. Each shapefile consists of three main files (.dbf, .shp, .shx), and projection information is provided in an ASCII text file (.prj). The attribute table can be accessed as a stand-alone file in dBASE format (.dbf) which is included in the Shapefile format.These datasets are available electronically in compressed zip file format. To use the data files, the zip files must first be decompressed.All data layers are provided in geographic (latitude/longitude) projection, referenced to datum WGS84. In ESRI® software this projection is defined by the geographic coordinate system GCS_WGS_1984 and datum D_WGS_1984 (EPSG: 4326).<b>4. License and citations</b>4.1 License agreementThis documentation and datasets are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-4.0 License). For all regulations regarding license grants, copyright, redistribution restrictions, required attributions, disclaimer of warranty, indemnification, liability, waiver of damages, and a precise definition of licensed materials, please refer to the License Agreement (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode). For a human-readable summary of the license, please see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.4.2 Citations and acknowledgements.Citations and acknowledgements of this dataset should be made as follows:Döll, P., Abbasi, M., Trautmann, T.,Messager, M. L., Lehner, B., Lamouroux, N. (2024). Streamflow intermittence in Europe: Estimating high-resolution monthly time series by downscaling of simulated runoff and Random Forest modeling. <i>Water Resources Research (under review).</i>We kindly ask users to cite this study in any published material produced using it. If possible, online links to this repository (https:// doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.24591807) should also be provided.