cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Modeling of asphalt pavement performance indices in different climate regions using soft computing techniques
Creators: name: Ali, Abdualmtalab Abdualaziz Yeklef
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description: Pavement Management Systems (PMS) enhance pavement performance over the pavements' predicted lifespan by maximizing pavement life. PMS have become an essential aspect of construction and maintenance in the road domain, providing significant cost and energy emission reductions. In addition, using pavement performance prediction models have become an important part of PMS as a technically method for road engineers and various transportation agencies during the past several decades. The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and International Roughness Index (IRI) are generally accepted methods for gauging ride quality and pavement conditions. Asphalt pavements are highly sensitive to various parameters, including pavement distress, environment, and traffic volume. Hence, studying these variables while developing prediction models is a vital step that can help develop asphalt pavement performance indices. This research aimed to introduce an effective method for developing asphalt pavement performance indices in different climate regions. This research provided a methodology to develop performance models using three soft computing techniques, namely the fuzzy inference system (FIS), multiple linear regression (MLR), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Two sources were used for the extracted dataset: the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) data set for four climate regions in the U.S. and Canada and filed survey data of section roads of St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. First, for the classification section, the research presented in this study provided a FIS that uses appropriate membership functions for computing PCI and IRI values. A fuzzy input was calculated by considering the degree of distress from nine density types of pavement distress coefficients (rutting, fatigue cracking, block cracking, longitudinal cracking, transverse cracking, patching, potholes, bleeding, and ravelling), which were considered as fuzzy input variables. Results presented that the rutting and transverse cracking had the most significant influence on the PCI model, while rutting and patching had the most significant impact on the IRI model. Second, the MLR and ANNs techniques were used for predicting and developing models for the PCI and IRI of flexible pavements. The LTPP database was used to obtain three fundamental variables (pavement distress, environmental, and traffic volume) as input variables for four climate regions. Finally, for the case study, the research developed a second set of pavement distress models based on a field survey of St. John's city's input variables for predicting PCI and IRI models. A high determination coefficient (R²), low root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE)indicated good accuracy for the prediction models. The results showed that the ANNs have more precision than the MLR techniques. However, the results showed that both methods perform well.
A report with techniques for evaluation of CRMs variability
Creators: name: Tinti, Francesco
name: Sara, Kasmaeeyazdi
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2020
Subjects: ING-IND/28 Ingegneria e sicurezza degli scavi

description: Task 3.2 of WP3 consisted of reviewing characterization techniques for understanding presence of raw materials (with special reference to critical raw materials - CRMs) inside the mining wastes (both stockpiles and tailings). The review covers different aspects, such as EU legislation in mining wastes management, environmental characterization of historical mining areas for pollution detection, grade characterization for recovery of valuable metals, innovative ways and approaches to understand the presence and value of CRMs within the entire mine life cycle. The present Deliverable 3.2 concludes with comments on the current standards and suggestions about a more effective characterization for practical and economic recovery of CRMs from stockpiles and tailings.
Exhaustive map, with the optimised sample grid
Creators: name: Kasmaeeyazdi, Sara
name: Tinti, Francesco
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2021
Subjects: ING-IND/28 Ingegneria e sicurezza degli scavi

description: Activities of Earth Observation analysis, together with geostatistical technique, on the case study, have led to realise a map of the stockpile/tailing, with the definition of the optimised sample grid.
A probabilistic map of variability of CRMs in the case study
Creators: name: Kasmaeeyazdi, Sara
name: Tinti, Francesco
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2021
Subjects: ING-IND/28 Ingegneria e sicurezza degli scavi

description: Starting from all information gathered, a probabilistic map of variability of CRMs in the case study was produced and reported in this Deliverable. The Deliverable reports only the final estimation map, with associated estimation variance
The Renaissance Res Publica of Furniture
Creators: name: Lupton, Julia Reinhard
Publisher: name: punctum books
Year: 2012

description: Is the Renaissance joint-stool zany, interesting, or cute? These are the categories put forward by Sianne Ngai in order  to  capture  our  contemporary  experience  of  all things  cultural,  from  ninja  bunnies  to  crowdsourced dreams:The  interesting,  cute,  and  zany  index—and are  thus  each  in  a  historically  concrete  way about—capitalism’s    most    socially    binding processes: production, in the case of the zany (an  aesthetic  about  performance  as  not  just artful    play    but    also    affective    labor);    cir-culation,   in   the   case   of   the   interesting   (a serial,   recursive   aesthetic   of   informational relays   and   communicative   exchange);   and consumption,   in   the   case   of   the   cute   (an aesthetic    disclosing    the    surprisingly    wide spectrum of feelings, ranging from tenderness to     aggression,     that     we     harbor     towards ostensibly    subordinate    and    unthreatening commodities).
Animal, Vegetable, Mineral: Twenty Questions
Creators: name: Harris, Jonathan Gil
Publisher: name: punctum books
Year: 2012

description: Animal,   Vegetable,   Mineral.   If   this   volume’s   theme sounds  like  a  premodern  version  of  the  parlor  game “Twenty Questions,” it is perhaps only appropriate that my   response   should   also   take   the   form   of   twenty questions.  The  parlor  game’s  questions  seek  to  arrive through  processes  of  elimination  and  guesswork  at  a positive  individual  entity;  but  I  hope  my  questions  will do the opposite—that is, resist the allure of any singular or final answer. So here goes.1.  What  do we  mean  by  the “nonhuman”  in  medieval and early modern culture?2.  Are  we  dealing  (as  the “Animal,  Vegetable,  Mineral” parlor game does) with taxonomies of the natural world that  presume,  as  did  Linnaeus  in  his Systema  Naturae of   1735, the   exteriority   of   the   nonhuman   to   the human?3.  Is  the  nonhuman  itself  subdivided  according  to  this principle  of  absolute  exteriority,  which  would  make  of animal,    vegetable,    and    mineral    entirely    discrete entities? 4.  Or  did  medieval  and  early  modern  writers  see  the nonhuman  as  always  already  in  the  human—and,  by logical   extension,   the   mineral   in   the   vegetable,   the vegetable in the animal, and so on?
title: Dawkinsia uttara, a new species of filament barb (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Western Ghats of India
Creators: name: Katwate, Unmesh
name: Apte, Deepak
name: Raghavan, Rajeev
Publisher: name: Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung
Year: 2020

description: A new species of filament barb of the genus Dawkinsia is described from upstream regions of west-flowing Kajali, Jagabudi and Terekhol  river systems in the Konkan region of northern Western Ghats, India. The new species, Dawkinsia uttara is sister species of the widely distributed D. filamentosa. Dawkinsia uttara is diagnosed from its sister species, and other close congeners by a combination of characters including: 21 lateral-line scales; 4½ scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral-line scale row; terminal mouth; posterior termination of the upper lip ending anterior to level of posterior nostril; cleithral spot small, confined to the scale below the first scale of lateral-line; no or miniscule maxillary barbels; caudal-peduncle blotch short, oval, covering 14th to 17th scales of lateral-line, and a unique colour pattern of caudal fin with a narrow elongate black subdistal band having maximum width of about one third of eye diameter covering the lateral margin of tips of caudal-fin lobes. Further, D. uttara differs from its sister taxon, D. filamentosa and other congeners by a raw genetic distance ranging from 2.1 – 19.7% in partial cox 1, and 3.2 – 21.6% in partial cyt b genes.
Shannon-Rényi entropies and participation spectra across 3d $O(3)$ criticality
Creators: name: Luitz, David J.
name: Alet, Fabien
name: Laflorencie, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Universal features in the scalings of Shannon-Rényi entropies of many-body groundstates are studied for interacting spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ systems across (2+1) dimensional $O(3)$ critical points, using quantum Monte Carlo simulations on dimerized and plaquettized Heisenberg models on the square lattice. Considering both full systems and line shaped subsystems, $SU(2)$ symmetry breaking on the Néel ordered side of the transition is characterized by the presence of a logarithmic term in the scaling of Shannon-Rényi entropies, which is absent in the disordered gapped phase. Such a difference in the scalings allows to capture the quantum critical point using Shannon-Rényi entropies for line shaped subsystems of length $L$ embedded in $L\times L$ tori, as the smaller subsystem entropies are numerically accessible to much higher precision than for the full system. Most interestingly, at the quantum phase transition an additive subleading constant $b_\infty^{*\rm line}=0.41(1)$ emerges in the critical scaling of the line Shannon-Rényi entropy $S_\infty^\text{line}$. This number appears to be universal for 3d $O(3)$ criticality, as confirmed for the finite-temperature transition in the 3d antiferromagnetic spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg model. Additionally, the phases and phase transition can be detected in several features of the participation spectrum, consisting of the diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix of the line subsystem. In particular the Néel ordering transition can be simply understood in the $\{S^z\}$ basis by a confinement mechanism of ferromagnetic domain walls.
description: 16 pages, 19 figures
A EDUCAÇÃO ENTRE AS GERAÇÕES
Creators: name: Rodrigues Dias, Marco Aurélio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Sociology of education

description: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a causa do conflito de gerações existente no texto da cantiga O Cravo Brigou com a Rosa. Procurei mostrar que a rosa é um símbolo da geração jovem, e o cravo, da geração adulta. Formulei também a hipótese de que as duas gerações citadas vivem um conflito dentro do processo de transmissão dos valores culturais. O indivíduo, no discurso dessa cantiga de roda, é iniciado na cultura e na aceitação dos padrões sociais propostos pela sociedade civilizada. Por fim, mostrei que a geração adulta (o cravo) é guardiã dos valores culturais, enquanto que a geração jovem (a rosa) aos poucos vai sendo convencida sobre a necessidade de preservação dos padrões sociais estabelecidos, transformando-se, por fim, na geração adulta (o cravo). Há um ciclo que se repete e reproduz a configuração da sociedade. Palavras-chave: Educação, Escola, Pedagogia
A competitividade no destino de Foz de Iguaço – Brasil
Creators: name: Domareski, Thays Cristina
name: Anjos, Sara Joana Gadotti Dos
name: Anjos, Francisco António Dos
Publisher: name: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento
Year: 2010

description: Objectivos | Para a maior parte dos países, o setor do turismo constitui a principal atividade de serviços, com importância crescente para o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico das regiões receptoras. O crescimento mundial do setor turístico criou uma maior competitividade entre os destinos, gerando criatividade e inovação nos serviços oferecidos para garantir a vantagem competitiva. Neste contexto, onde a emergência de novos produtos turísticos é uma constante, as preocupações voltam-se, para a competitividade dos destinos turísticos, procurando manter-se ou melhorar o posicionamento face aos concorrentes. O objetivo principal deste artigo é aprofundar a temática da competitividade de destinos turísticos. Posteriormente apresentar-se-á e caracterizar-se-á o destino internacional Foz do Iguaçu-Brasil neste contexto de excelência, eficiência e competitividade. Metodologia | Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como bibliográfica e exploratória e tem como método o estudo de caso, com base numa abordagem centrada nos estudos empíricos sobre competitividade dos destinos turísticos e sob a ótica dos determinantes infra-estrutura, demanda turística e atrativos. Principais resultados e contributos | O macro resultado do estudo caracteriza Foz do Iguaçu - Brasil num destino internacional em crescente evolução quer no volume de eventos internacionais, entrada de estrangeiros e infra-estrutura. O destino em estudo possui peculiaridades distintas de outras localidades, em virtude de seus atrativos naturais e perfil dos turístas que vistam a localidade. Destaca-se ainda o acesso aéreo e a rede hoteleira instalada nacional e internacional. Limitações | O presente estudo limitou a analise ao destino Foz do Iguaçu – Brasil, caracterizando-se em um estudo de caso único, não sendo possivel uma análise comparativa com outros destinos, sendo esta a principal limitação da investigação. Conclusões | Pode-se aferir que o destino Foz do Iguaçu – Brasil se apresenta como uma estrutura em constante aperfeiçoamento visando a tão almejada vantagem competitiva. Destaca-se a infra-estrutura aérea,meios de hospedagem e eventos, bem como os demais serviços que compõe a estrutura do destino turístico. Contudo cabe salientar que a problemática da competitividade é um grande desafio, uma vez que a experiência turística devá ser superior aquela oferecida pelos demais destinos em potencial.
description: Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, vol. 3 n.º 13/14 (2010): INVTUR 2010 Intl' Conference - Abstracts
Improper Names for God: Religious Language and the "Spinoza-Effect"
Creators: name: Whistler, Daniel
Publisher: name: punctum books
Year: 2012

description: This paper practises a Naturphi-losophie of language. I treat texts as rocks to examine the linguistic forces that constitute them. In other words, this paper is born out of a hyper-realist attitude to sense that asserts: what goes on in texts should be subject to a “linguistic physics.”2 In order to bring out this linguistic physics as fully as possible, what follows is devoted to the logic of sense (or, even better, the physics of sense3) in monist philosophies. As I shall argue, monism forces the philosopher to treat words as one more class of body colliding on a surface. This is because the mo-nist assertion that there is ultimately one thing in existence ultimately leads to the materialisation of language (at the same time as the linguistification of matter). A lacuna from the opening to Badiou’s Logic of Worlds clarifies this point: Today, natural belief [or democratic materialism] is condensed in a single statement: There are only bodies and languages. This statement is the axiom of contemporary conviction...It is then legitimate to counter [it] with a materialist dialectic, if by “materialist dialectic” we understand the following statement...There are only bodies and languages, except that there are truths.4There is of course a third option: “there are only bodies.”5According to such “monist materialism,” the linguistic is reduced to the corporeal; yet, this is a radical materialism that Badiou seems loath to mention. In this paper, however, I explore the implications of such a corporeal reduction of language by focusing on two monisms—Spinoza’s Ethics and Schelling’s Identitätsphilosophie.
Population genetics of identity by descent
Creators: name: Palamara, Pier Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent improvements in high-throughput genotyping and sequencing technologies have afforded the collection of massive, genome-wide datasets of DNA information from hundreds of thousands of individuals. These datasets, in turn, provide unprecedented opportunities to reconstruct the history of human populations and detect genotype-phenotype association. Recently developed computational methods can identify long-range chromosomal segments that are identical across samples, and have been transmitted from common ancestors that lived tens to hundreds of generations in the past. These segments reveal genealogical relationships that are typically unknown to the carrying individuals. In this work, we demonstrate that such identical-by-descent (IBD) segments are informative about a number of relevant population genetics features: they enable the inference of details about past population size fluctuations, migration events, and they carry the genomic signature of natural selection. We derive a mathematical model, based on coalescent theory, that allows for a quantitative description of IBD sharing across purportedly unrelated individuals, and develop inference procedures for the reconstruction of recent demographic events, where classical methodologies are statistically underpowered. We analyze IBD sharing in several contemporary human populations, including representative communities of the Jewish Diaspora, Kenyan Maasai samples, and individuals from several Dutch provinces, in all cases retrieving evidence of fine-scale demographic events from recent history. Finally, we expand the presented model to describe distributions for those sites in IBD shared segments that harbor mutation events, showing how these may be used for the inference of mutation rates in humans and other species.
description: Ph.D. thesis
Namelessness and the Speculative Turn: A Response to Whistler
Creators: name: Barber, Daniel Colucciello
Publisher: name: punctum books
Year: 2012

description: I appreciate the engagement of my work that Daniel Whistler has provided. I do not think his read-ing is ultimately accurate, but that is to the side, because its point of approach allows me to develop a number of ideas that are central not only to the interpretation of Spinoza and the problematic of religious language (or the naming of the divine), but also—even moreso—to the future of thought in general after the speculative turn. In what follows I will argue, first, that Whistler fails to appreciate the way the concept of namelessness functions in my theoretical construction of Spinzoa’s thought. I will then address the various difficulties raised by Whistler’s own account of identity, before proceeding to consider how my disagreement with Whistler runs right to the heart of arguments about the nature of the speculative turn. Indeed, my contention is that namelessness, as I articulate its immanent relation with the act of naming, is resonant with an essential tendency in the work of philosophers such as Eugene Thacker and Ray Brassier. Finally, I will look at how the concept of namelessness serves to indicate and oppose a still-effective Christian hegemony over philosophy.
Synchronicity and Correlationism: Carl Jung as Speculative Realist
Creators: name: Haworth, Michael
Publisher: name: punctum books
Year: 2012

description: The name of Carl Gustav Jung tends not to be associated with a concern for philosophical realism, seen, as he is, as one of the worst apologists for obscurantism, mysticism and spiritualism of the modern age. Yet the thesis I try to defend here is that Jung’s work can be read as an elaborate attempt to escape the “correlationist circle” and the impasse of finitude every bit as rigorous and compelling as that undertaken by Quentin Meillassoux in After Finitude. I propose to advance this argument via a read-ing of that work of his which is considered perhaps the leastdefensible in terms of philosophical or scientific realism, namely the short treatise entitled Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle. It is here that the monist or “psychoid” ontology underpinning all of Jung’s psychological work on the archetypes of the collective unconscious is given its most extensive treatment. This, I will argue, rather than being a pre-critical metaphysical curio is a remarkably sophisticated philosophical concept, consistent with Kant’s transcendental conditions while transgressing them from within in order to undermine the gap of finitude between thought and being. In the letter to Marcus Herz of February 1772, in which he famously announces his readiness to embark on the critical project, Kant interrogates the correspondence between the object of our representation and the representation itself. What, he asks, guarantees the reference of the internal sense-image to the external object? If the former is merely the result of the subject’s being affected by the latter then it can be explained as of cause to effect, otherwise:if that in us which is called representation was active with regard to the object, i.e., if the object were produced by the representation itself [my italics] (as one thinks of divine cognitions as the archetypes of things) then the conformity of the representations with the objects would also be understood. And so one can at least understand the possibility of both an archetypal intellect, upon whose intuition the things themselves are grounded, as well as an ectypal intellect, which attains the data of its logical activity from the sensuous intuition of things.
Circus Philosophicus
Creators: name: Kennel, Maxwell
Publisher: name: punctum books
Year: 2012

description: After four vivid pages spent describing “the myth of the ferris wheel” Graham Harman sets into what some have called the most accessible introduction to Object Oriented Ontology to date. At around 25,000 words in length Circus Philosophicus reads nicely in one extended sitting, and very readily yields rewards to both the specialist and non-specialist reader. Situated within Harman’s expand-ing oeuvre Circus Philosophicus is not readily comparable with any of his other work work, with the possible exception of the forthcoming Treatise on Objects (Open Humanities Press), which Harman describes as having a similar sort of prose. 1The incomparable genre of Circus Philosophicus seems to have been the goal from the beginning, a fact made evident by the rear cover blurb which describes the goal to “restore myth to its central place in the discipline.” The following review will give a brief summary of the first half of Circus Philosophicus highlighting some pertinent details, while of-fering some closing comments on the interesting placement of the work within both the genre and the discourse of Object Oriented Ontology.
A semilinear parabolic system with a free boundary
Creators: name: Wang, Mingxin
name: Zhao, Yonggang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.8
subject: 35K51, 35R35, 35A01, 35A02, 35B40

description: This paper deals with a semilinear parabolic system with free boundary in one space dimension. We suppose that unknown functions $u$ and $v$ undergo nonlinear reactions $u^q$ and $v^p$, and exist initially in a interval $\{0\leq x\leq s(0)\}$, but expand to the right with spreading front $\{x=s(t)\}$, with $s(t)$ evolving according to the free boundary condition $s'(t)=-μ(u_x+ρv_x)$, where $p,\, q,\, μ, \,ρ$ are given positive constants. The main purpose of this paper is to understand the existence, uniqueness, regularity and long time behavior of positive solution or maximal positive solution. Firstly, we prove that this problem has a unique positive solution $(u,v,s)$ defined in the maximal existence interval $[0,T_{\max})$ when $p,\,q\geq 1$, while it has a unique maximal positive solution $(u,v,s)$ defined in the maximal existence interval $[0,T_{\max})$ when $p<1$ or $q<1$. Moreover, $(u,v,s)$ and $T_{\max}$ have property that either (i) $T_{\max}=+\infty$, or (ii) $T_{\max}
description: 26 pages
The Core Mass Growth and Stellar Lifetime of Thermally Pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
Creators: name: Kalirai, Jason S.
name: Marigo, Paola
name: Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish new constraints on the intermediate-mass range of the initial-final mass relation by studying white dwarfs in four young star clusters, and apply the results to study the evolution of stars on the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB). We show that the stellar core mass on the AGB grows rapidly from 10% to 30% for stars with $M_{\rm initial}$ = 1.6 to 2.0 $M_\odot$. At larger masses, the core-mass growth decreases steadily to $\sim$10% at $M_{\rm initial}$ = 3.4 $M_\odot$. These observations are in excellent agreement with predictions from the latest TP-AGB evolutionary models in Marigo et al. (2013). We also compare to models with varying efficiencies of the third dredge-up and mass loss, and demonstrate that the process governing the growth of the core is largely the stellar wind, while the third dredge-up plays a secondary, but non-negligible role. Based on the new white dwarf measurements, we perform an exploratory calibration of the most popular mass-loss prescriptions in the literature. Finally, we estimate the lifetime and the integrated luminosity of stars on the TP-AGB to peak at $t$ $\sim$ 3 Myr and $E$ = 1.2 $\times$ 10$^{10}$ $L_\odot$ yr for $M_{\rm initial}$ $\sim$ 2 $M_\odot$ ($t$ $\sim$ 2 Myr for luminosities brighter than the RGB tip at $\log(L/L_{\odot})$ $>$ 3.4), decreasing to $t$ = 0.4 Myr and $E$ = 6.1 $\times$ 10$^{9}$ $L_\odot$ yr for stars with $M_{\rm initial}$ $\sim$ 3.5 $M_\odot$. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to general population synthesis studies that require correct modeling of the TP-AGB phase of stellar evolution.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
The Green Valley is a Red Herring: Galaxy Zoo reveals two evolutionary pathways towards quenching of star formation in early- and late-type galaxies
Creators: name: Schawinski, Kevin
name: Urry, C. Megan
name: Simmons, Brooke D.
name: Fortson, Lucy
name: Kaviraj, Sugata
name: Keel, William C.
name: Lintott, Chris J.
name: Masters, Karen L.
name: Nichol, Robert C.
name: Sarzi, Marc
name: Ramin
name: Skibba
name: Treister, Ezequiel
name: Willett, Kyle W.
name: Wong, O. Ivy
name: Yi, Sukyoung K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use SDSS+\textit{GALEX}+Galaxy Zoo data to study the quenching of star formation in low-redshift galaxies. We show that the green valley between the blue cloud of star-forming galaxies and the red sequence of quiescent galaxies in the colour-mass diagram is not a single transitional state through which most blue galaxies evolve into red galaxies. Rather, an analysis that takes morphology into account makes clear that only a small population of blue early-type galaxies move rapidly across the green valley after the morphologies are transformed from disk to spheroid and star formation is quenched rapidly. In contrast, the majority of blue star-forming galaxies have significant disks, and they retain their late-type morphologies as their star formation rates decline very slowly. We summarize a range of observations that lead to these conclusions, including UV-optical colours and halo masses, which both show a striking dependence on morphological type. We interpret these results in terms of the evolution of cosmic gas supply and gas reservoirs. We conclude that late-type galaxies are consistent with a scenario where the cosmic supply of gas is shut off, perhaps at a critical halo mass, followed by a slow exhaustion of the remaining gas over several Gyr, driven by secular and/or environmental processes. In contrast, early-type galaxies require a scenario where the gas supply and gas reservoir are destroyed virtually instantaneously, with rapid quenching accompanied by a morphological transformation from disk to spheroid. This gas reservoir destruction could be the consequence of a major merger, which in most cases transforms galaxies from disk to elliptical morphology, and mergers could play a role in inducing black hole accretion and possibly AGN feedback.
description: 21 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Introduction
Creators: name: Ellsworth, Elizabeth
name: Kruse, Jamie
Publisher: name: punctum books
Year: 2012

description: Until recently, the word “geologic” conjured meanings and associations that referred simply and directly to the science of geology—the study of the origin, history, and structures of the earth. But that seems to be changing. Something is happening to the ways that people are now taking up “the geologic.”Contemporary artists, popular culture producers, speculative architects, scientists and phi-losophers are adding new layers of cultural meaning and aesthetic sensation to the geologic. It is as if recent events and developments are making geologic realities sense-able with new physical intensity and from new angles of thought as a situation that we live within, not sim-ply as something “out there” that we study. Humans seem to be sensing, in new ways, that the forces and materials of the earth are not only subjects of scientific inquiry—they have also become conditions of daily life
Electrical property tuning via defect engineering of single layer MoS2 by oxygen plasma
Creators: name: Islam, Muhammad R.
name: Kang, Narae
name: Bhanu, Udai
name: Paudel, Hari P.
name: Erementchouk, Mikhail
name: Tetard, Laurene
name: Leuenberger, Michael N.
name: Khondaker, Saiful I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the electrical property of a single layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) can be significantly tuned from semiconducting to insulating regime via controlled exposure to oxygen plasma. The mobility, on-current and resistance of single layer MoS2 devices were varied up to four orders of magnitude by controlling the plasma exposure time. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory studies suggest that the significant variation of electronic properties is caused by the creation of insulating MoO3-rich disordered domains in the MoS2 sheet upon oxygen plasma exposure, leading to an exponential variation of resistance and mobility as a function of plasma exposure time. The resistance variation calculated using an effective medium model is in excellent agreement with the measurements. The simple approach described here can be used for the fabrication of tunable two dimensional nanodevices on MoS2 and other transition metal dichalcogenides.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
One possible solution of peculiar type Ia supernovae explosions caused by a charged white dwarf
Creators: name: Liu, Helei
name: Zhang, Xiangdong
name: Wen, Dehua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent astrophysics observation reveals the existence of some super luminous type Ia supernovae. One natural explanation of such a peculiar phenomenon is to require the progenitor of such a supernova to be a highly super-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf. Along this line, in this paper, we propose a possible mechanism to explain this phenomenon based on a charged white dwarf. In particular, by choosing suitable new variables and a representative charge distribution, an analytic solution is obtained. The stability issue is also discussed, remarkably, it turns out that the charged white dwarf configuration can be dynamically stable. Moreover, we investigate the general relativistic effects and it is shown that the general relativistic effects can be negligible when the mass of the charged white dwarf is below about $3M_\odot$.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted by PRD
Virgo Cluster and field dwarf ellipticals in 3D - II. Internal dynamics points to tidal harassment?
Creators: name: Ryś, Agnieszka
name: van de Ven, Glenn
name: Falcón-Barroso, Jesús
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the dynamical analysis of a sample of 12 dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies for which we have obtained SAURON large-scale two-dimensional spectroscopic data. We construct Jeans axisymmetric models and obtain total dynamical masses enclosed within one effective radius. We use the obtained values to show that the validity of the dynamical scaling relations of massive early-type galaxies can be extended to these low-mass systems, except that dEs seem to contain relatively larger fraction of dark matter in their inner parts. We then demonstrate that dE galaxies have lower angular momenta than the present-day analogues of their presumed late-type progenitors and we show that dE circular velocity curves are steeper than the rotation curves of galaxies with equal and up to an order of magnitude higher luminosity. This requires a transformation mechanism that is not only able to lower the angular momentum but also one that needs to account for increased stellar concentration. Additionally, we match the dark matter fraction of our galaxies to their location in the Virgo Cluster and see that galaxies in the cluster outskirts tend to have a higher dark-to-stellar matter ratio. Transformation due to tidal harassment is able to expain all of the above, unless the dE progenitors were already compact and had lower angular momenta at higher redshifts.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS; 17 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables
Measurement of the halo bias from stacked shear profiles of galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Covone, Giovanni
name: Sereno, Mauro
name: Kilbinger, Martin
name: Cardone, Vincenzo F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the observational evidence of the 2-halo term in the stacked shear profile of a sample of about 1200 optically selected galaxy clusters based on imaging data and the public shear catalog from the CFHTLenS. We find that the halo bias, a measure of the correlated distribution of matter around galaxy clusters, has amplitude and correlation with galaxy cluster mass in very good agreement with the predictions based on the LCDM standard cosmological model. The mass-concentration relation is flat but higher than theoretical predictions. We also confirm the close scaling relation between the optical richness of galaxy clusters and their mass.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. In press on ApJ Letters
Microscopic Calibration and Validation of Car-Following Models -- A Systematic Approach
Creators: name: Treiber, Martin
name: Kesting, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Calibration and validation techniques are crucial in assessing the descriptive and predictive power of car-following models and their suitability for analyzing traffic flow. Using real and generated floating-car and trajectory data, we systematically investigate following aspects: Data requirements and preparation, conceptional approach including local maximum-likelihood and global LSE calibration with several objective functions, influence of the data sampling rate and measuring errors, the effect of data smoothing on the calibration result, and model performance in terms of fitting quality, robustness, parameter orthogonality, completeness and plausible parameter values.
description: Presentation at the 20th ISTTT in Noordwijk, the Netherlands, 2013
Nuclear tetrahedral states and high-spin states studied using quantum number projection method
Creators: name: Tagami, S.
name: Shimada, M.
name: Fujioka, Y.
name: Shimizu, Y. R.
name: Dudek, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently developed an efficient method of performing the full quantum number projection from the most general mean-field (HFB type) wave functions including the angular momentum, parity as well as the proton and neutron particle numbers. With this method, we have been investigating several nuclear structure mechanisms. In this report, we discuss the obtained quantum rotational spectra of the tetrahedral nuclear states formulating certain experimentally verifiable criteria, of the high-spin states, focussing on the wobbling- and chiral-bands, and of the drip-line nuclei as illustrative examples.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures. Proceedings of Kazimierz conf. Sept.2013, to be published in Physica Scripta
An optimization algorithm inspired by the States of Matter that improves the balance between exploration and exploitation
Creators: name: Cuevas, Erik
name: Echavarria, Alonso
name: Ramirez-Ortegon, Marte A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ability of an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) to find a global optimal solution depends on its capacity to find a good rate between exploitation of found so far elements and exploration of the search space. Inspired by natural phenomena, researchers have developed many successful evolutionary algorithms which, at original versions, define operators that mimic the way nature solves complex problems, with no actual consideration of the exploration/exploitation balance. In this paper, a novel nature-inspired algorithm called the States of Matter Search (SMS) is introduced. The SMS algorithm is based on the simulation of the states of matter phenomenon. In SMS, individuals emulate molecules which interact to each other by using evolutionary operations which are based on the physical principles of the thermal-energy motion mechanism. The algorithm is devised by considering each state of matter at one different exploration/exploitation ratio. The evolutionary process is divided into three phases which emulate the three states of matter: gas, liquid and solid. In each state, molecules (individuals) exhibit different movement capacities. Beginning from the gas state (pure exploration), the algorithm modifies the intensities of exploration and exploitation until the solid state (pure exploitation) is reached. As a result, the approach can substantially improve the balance between exploration/exploitation, yet preserving the good search capabilities of an evolutionary approach.
description: 22 pages
The hard X-ray perspective on the soft X-ray excess
Creators: name: Vasudevan, Ranjan V.
name: Mushotzky, Richard F.
name: Reynolds, Christopher S.
name: Fabian, Andrew C.
name: Lohfink, Anne M.
name: Zoghbi, Abderahmen
name: Gallo, Luigi C.
name: Walton, Dominic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray spectra of many active galactic nuclei (AGN) exhibit a `soft excess' below 1keV, whose physical origin remains unclear. Diverse models have been suggested to account for it, including ionised reflection of X-rays from the inner part of the accretion disc, ionised winds/absorbers, and Comptonisation. The ionised reflection model suggests a natural link between the prominence of the soft excess and the Compton reflection hump strength above 10keV, but it has not been clear what hard X-ray signatures, if any, are expected from the other soft X-ray candidate models. Additionally, it has not been possible up until recently to obtain high-quality simultaneous measurements of both soft and hard X-ray emission necessary to distinguish these models, but upcoming joint XMM-NuSTAR programmes provide precisely this opportunity. In this paper, we present an extensive analysis of simulations of XMM+NuSTAR observations, using two candidate soft excess models as inputs, to determine whether such campaigns can disambiguate between them by using hard and soft X-ray observations in tandem. The simulated spectra are fit with the simplest "observer's model" of a black body and neutral reflection to characterise the strength of the soft and hard excesses. A plot of the strength of the hard excess against the soft excess strength provides a diagnostic plot which allows the soft excess production mechanism to be determined in individual sources and samples using current state-of-the-art and next generation hard X-ray enabled observatories. This approach can be straightforwardly extended to other candidate models for the soft excess.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. Added references
Exposing the Anthropocene: Art and Education in the 'Extraction State'
Creators: name: Osborne, Erika
Publisher: name: punctum books
Year: 2012

description: In the age of the Anthropocene, human impact on a geologic scale infiltrates nearly every aspect of contemporary life. The immense breadth and depth of the changes to the planet that have been caused by this impact have affected my work and my pedagogy as an artist and educator interested in connections between culture and environment.Although  I  have  always  been  interested  in  the  Anthropocene,  my  fascination  with  its  artifacts  grew  when  I  accepted  a  teaching  position  in  the  School  of  Art  and  Design  at  West  Virginia  University  and  moved  to  “The  Mountain  State”—or  what  West  Virginia’s  former  governor and now senator, Joe Manchin, has lovingly called “The Extraction State.” Here, it is obvious that not only have the surface and ecology of mountains changed because of defores-tation, but entire topographies have morphed in a geologic instant as a product of large-scale mountaintop  removal  (MTR)  mining.  This  type  of  mining  is  a  quick,  relatively  inexpensive  process in which the summits of mountains are blasted away to expose coal seams, and the overburden is dumped into adjacent valleys. This anthropocentric practice has come to define the  state  and  has  created  a  battleground,  pitting  local  communities  and  the  mountain  ecol-ogy against an ever-growing, global need for cheap energy. In mined areas of Appalachia, the biodiversity of some of the oldest mountains in the world is obliterated instantly, habitats are immediately lost and clean water sources are buried or left highly contaminated. In addition, the local people often suffer from serious health issues affecting their lungs, kidneys, hearts, and nervous systems. They also suffer economically as property values drop, businesses close, and economic diversity is lost.
Nudging news engagement: Testing the longitudinal effects of nudging on engagement with and learning from`environmental news
Creators: name: Heitz, Lucien
name: Moeller, Judith
name: Masur, Philipp K.
name: Mattis, Nicolas Michael
name: Van Atteveldt, Wouter
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: choice architecture
subject: news consumption
subject: news recommender design
subject: news selection
subject: nudging
subject: political learning
subject: topic personalisation

description: Experimental study to explore if deliberately changing the position and / or content of environmental news articles can facilitate a) the selection of, b) the engagement with) and c) the learning from these articles, as well as how nudge effects vary over time.
Landscapes of Erasure: The Removal-And Persistence-Of Place
Creators: name: Sargent, Paul Lloyd
Publisher: name: punctum books
Year: 2012

description: What  lexicon  or  neologisms  might  we  use  to  speak  of  places  removed  by  human  force?  Not  by natural disaster, like the city of Pompeii or the Japanese fishing village of Minamisanriku, destroyed in the tsunami of 2011.1 Nor by the horrors of war or catastrophes of technology, as  in  Virilio’s  obsession  with  the  accident,2  like  those  at  Chernobyl  and  Three  Mile  Island,  or the toxic morass at Love Canal in Niagara Falls.3 Instead, I consider here what I am calling landscapes of erasure: the large-scale, intentional removal of socio-cultural place through processes of  engineering,  often  due—but  not  limited—to  industries  of  extraction,  power  generation,  and shipping and transport. That is, I am exploring the erasure of material and socio-cultural landscape  by  human  forces  operating  at  the  geologic  scale  because  such  scale  reveals  and  magnifies the consequences of human interaction with the land, both intentional and otherwise.
Land Making Machines
Creators: name: Davis, Brian
Publisher: name: punctum books
Year: 2012

description: Cubits Gap is a major subdelta of the Mississippi River. The gap formed in 1862 after an oyster fisherman, Cubit, and his daughters excavated a small ditch in the levee between the River and the oyster-rich Bay Ronde. Intending to make an easier portage for their rowboat, they created a small crevasse. In springtime, meltwater poured through it. Six years later the crevasse was 2,427 feet wide [Ref. 1]. By 1940 a landmass larger than New Orleans had been created and the Bay Ronde had completely disappeared. Today the Cubits Gap subdelta is 40,000 acres of National Wildlife Refuge and is quickly subsiding back into the Gulf of Mexico, a microcosm of the dynamism and potentiality of the Mississippi River as the great land making machine [LMM].1This LMM built the Mississippi Delta over the last 5,000 years with the massive slurry loads it transports from the heart of the continent to the Gulf of Mexico. It is estimated that before 1930, this load was about 400 million tons of sediment per year [Ref. 2]. Since 1930, this load has decreased significantly. Current estimates range from 145 million to 230 million tons per year. This reduction can be explained, in part, by the 1936 Flood Control Act and the decision by Congress to reconstruct the river as a flood control and navigation system on a continental scale.2  Despite  this  massive  reduction,  the  LMM  still  discharges  sediment  at  a  rate  roughly  equal to that of the next six largest rivers in the United States combined [Ref. 3]. Most of this sediment is no longer used to continuously build the delta. Rather, thanks to the 1870’s engi-neering of Capt. James Eads, it is shot out into deepwater in the Gulf of Mexico.3 Since 1930 a landmass approximating the size of Delaware has been lost from the Louisiana coast [Ref. 4]. But the potential of the LMM remains.