cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonmedical prescription drug use among US young adults by educational attainment
Creators: name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Kim, June H.
name: Chen, Lian-Yu
name: Levin, Deysia
name: Keyes, Katherine M.
name: Cerdá, Magdalena
name: Storr, Carla L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Epidemiology
Educational attainment
Medication abuse
Drug abuse
Drug abuse--Epidemiology

description: Purpose: Little is known about nonmedical use of prescription drugs among non-college-attending young adults in the United States. Methods: Data were drawn from 36,781 young adults (ages 18–22 years) from the 2008–2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health public use files. The adjusted main effects for current educational attainment, along with its interaction with gender and race/ethnicity, were considered. Results: Compared to those attending college, non-college-attending young adults with at least and less than a HS degree had a higher prevalence of past-year nonmedical use of prescription opioids [NMUPO 13.1 and 13.2 %, respectively, vs. 11.3 %, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) 1.21 (1.11–1.33) and 1.25 (1.12–1.40)], yet lower prevalence of prescription stimulant use. Among users, regardless of drug type, non-college-attending youth were more likely to have past-year disorder secondary to use [e.g., NMUPO 17.4 and 19.1 %, respectively, vs. 11.7 %, aORs 1.55 (1.22–1.98) and 1.75 (1.35–2.28)]. Educational attainment interacted with gender and race: (1) among nonmedical users of prescription opioids, females who completed high school but were not enrolled in college had a significantly greater risk of opioid disorder (compared to female college students) than the same comparison for men; and (2) the risk for nonmedical use of prescription opioids was negligible across educational attainment groups for Hispanics, which was significantly different than the increased risk shown for non-Hispanic whites. Conclusions: There is a need for young adult prevention and intervention programs to target nonmedical prescription drug use beyond college campuses.
Are Extracted Materials Truly Representative of Original Samples? Impact of C18 Extraction on CDOM Optical and Chemical Properties
Creators: name: Andrew, Andrea A.
name: Del Vecchio, Rossana
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Subramaniam, Ajit
name: Blough, Neil V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Optical oceanography
subject: Chemical oceanography

description: Some properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) can be easily measured directly on whole waters, while others require sample concentration and removal of natural salts. To increase CDOM content and eliminate salts, solid phase extraction (SPE) is often employed. Biases following extraction and elution are inevitable, thus raising the question of how truly representative the extracted material is of the original. In this context, we investigated the wavelength dependence of extraction efficiency for C18 cartridges with respect to CDOM optical properties using samples obtained from the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) and the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean (EAO). Further, we compared the optical changes of C18 extracts and the corresponding whole water following chemical reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). C18 cartridges preferentially extracted long-wavelength absorbing/emitting material for samples impacted by riverine input. Extraction efficiency overall decreased with offshore distance away from riverine input. Spectral slopes of C18-OM samples were also almost always lower than those of their corresponding CDOM samples supporting the preferential extraction of higher molecular weight absorbing material. The wavelength dependence of the optical properties (absorption, fluorescence emission, and quantum yield) of the original water samples and their corresponding extracted material were very similar. C18 extracts and corresponding water samples further exhibited comparable optical changes following NaBH4 reduction, thus suggesting a similarity in nature (structure) of the optically active extracted material, independent of geographical locale. Altogether, these data suggested a strong similarity between C18 extracts and corresponding whole waters, thus indicating that extracts are representative of the CDOM content of original waters.
Human-induced changes in the distribution of rainfall
Creators: name: Putnam, Aaron Ervin
name: Broecker, Wallace S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Climatology
Rain and rainfall
Climatic changes
Intertropical convergence zone

description: A likely consequence of global warming will be the redistribution of Earth’s rain belts, affecting water availability for many of Earth’s inhabitants. We consider three ways in which planetary warming might influence the global distribution of precipitation. The first possibility is that rainfall in the tropics will increase and that the subtropics and mid-latitudes will become more arid. A second possibility is that Earth’s thermal equator, around which the planet’s rain belts and dry zones are organized, will migrate northward. This northward shift will be a consequence of the Northern Hemisphere, with its large continental area, warming faster than the Southern Hemisphere, with its large oceanic area. A third possibility is that both of these scenarios will play out simultaneously. We review paleoclimate evidence suggesting that (i) the middle latitudes were wetter during the last glacial maximum, (ii) a northward shift of the thermal equator attended the abrupt Bølling-Allerød climatic transition ~14.6 thousand years ago, and (iii) a southward shift occurred during the more recent Little Ice Age. We also inspect trends in seasonal surface heating between the hemispheres over the past several decades. From these clues, we predict that there will be a seasonally dependent response in rainfall patterns to global warming. During boreal summer, in which the rate of recent warming has been relatively uniform between the hemispheres, wet areas will get wetter and dry regions will become drier. During boreal winter, rain belts and drylands will expand northward in response to differential heating between the hemispheres.
Additional file 1 of Whole-genome resequencing and transcriptome analyses of four generation mutants to reveal spur-type and skin-color related genes in apple (Malus domestica Borkh. Cv. Red delicious)
Creators: name: Ren, Jiaxuan
name: Li, Wenfang
name: Guo, Zhigang
name: Ma, Zonghuan
name: Wan, Dongshi
name: Lu, Shixiong
name: Guo, Lili
name: Gou, Huimin
name: Chen, Baihong
name: Mao, Juan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Patterns of concurrent substance use among adolescent nonmedical ADHD stimulant users
Creators: name: Chen, Lian-Yu
name: Crum, Rosa M.
name: Strain, Eric C.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Mojtabai, Ramin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Substance abuse
Substance abuse--Epidemiology
Teenagers--Drug use
Drug abuse
Drug abuse--Epidemiology
Youth--Drug use

description: Objectives: There are growing concerns about nonmedical use of ADHD stimulants among adolescents; yet, little is known whether there exist heterogeneous subgroups among adolescents with nonmedical ADHD stimulant use according to their concurrent substance use. Methods: We used latent class analysis (LCA) to examine patterns of past-year problematic substance use (meeting any criteria for abuse or dependence) in a sample of 2203 adolescent participants from the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health 2006–2011 who reported past-year nonmedical use of ADHD stimulants. Multivariable latent regression was used to assess the association of socio-demographic characteristics, mental health and behavioral problems with the latent classes. Results: The model fit indices favored a four-class model, including a large class with frequent concurrent use of alcohol and marijuana (Alcohol/marijuana class; 41.2%), a second large class with infrequent use of other substances (Low substance class, 36.3%), a third class characterized by more frequent misuse of prescription drugs as well as other substances (Prescription drug + class; 14.8%), and finally a class characterized by problematic use of multiple substances (Multiple substance class; 7.7%). Compared with individuals in Low substance class, those in the other three classes were all more likely to report mental health problems, deviant behaviors and substance abuse service use. Conclusions: Adolescent nonmedical ADHD stimulants users are a heterogeneous group with distinct classes with regard to concurrent substance use, mental health and behavioral problems. The findings have implications for planning of tailored prevention and treatment programs to curb stimulant use for this age group.
Continuous Monitoring of Dynamical Systems and Master Equations
Creators: name: Oliveira, L. F. Lopes
name: Rossi, R.
name: de Magalhaes, A. R. Bosco
name: de Faria, J. G. Peixoto
name: Nemes, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We illustrate the equivalence between the non-unitary evolution of an open quantum system governed by a Markovian master equation and a process of continuous measurements involving this system. We investigate a system of two coupled modes, only one of them interacting with external degrees of freedom, represented, in the first case, by a finite number of harmonic oscillators, and, in the second, by a sequence of atoms where each one interacts with a single mode during a limited time. Two distinct regimes appear, one of them corresponding to a Zeno-like behavior in the limit of large dissipation.
(Pro)aktivitás egy nemzetközi nagyvállalat magyar leányvállalatának társadalmi felelősségvállalásában
Creators: name: Lázár, Tímea
name: Bene, Ágnes
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2017

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 3. issue 4. ISSN 2498-5368
Kernel PCA for type Ia supernovae photometric classification
Creators: name: Ishida, Emille E. O.
name: de Souza, Rafael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we propose the use of Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) combined with k = 1 nearest neighbour algorithm (1NN) as a framework for supernovae (SNe) photometric classification. The classification is entirely based on information within the spectroscopic confirmed sample and each new light curve is classified one at a time. This allows us to update the principal component (PC) parameter space if a new spectroscopic light curve is available while also avoids the need of re-determining it for each individual new classification. We applied the method to different instances of the \textit{Supernova Photometric Classification Challenge} (SNPCC) data set. Our method provide good purity results in all data sample analysed, when SNR$\geq$5. As a consequence, we can state that if a sample as the post-SNPCC was available today, we would be able to classify $\approx 15%$ of the initial data set with purity $\gtrsim$ 90% (D$_{7}$+SNR3). Results from the original SNPCC sample, reported as a function of redshift, show that our method provides high purity (up to $\approx 97%$), specially in the range of $0.2\leq z < 0.4$, when compared to results from the SNPCC, while maintaining a moderate figure of merit ($\approx 0.25$). We also present results for SNe photometric classification using only pre-maximum epochs, obtaining 63% purity and 77% successful classification rates (SNR$\geq$5). Results are sensitive to the information contained in each light curve, as a consequence, higher quality data points lead to higher successful classification rates. The method is flexible enough to be applied to other astrophysical transients, as long as a training and a test sample are provided.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
Perceived risk of regular cannabis use in the United States from 2002 to 2012: Differences by sex, age, and race/ethnicity
Creators: name: Pacek, Lauren R.
name: Mauro, Pia M.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Epidemiology
Cannabis
Marijuana
Psychotropic drugs
Drug abuse
Drug abuse--Epidemiology

description: Introduction: Cannabis is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances in the United States (U.S.). Perceived risk of use is associated with substance use; the recent debate surrounding medicalization and legalization of cannabis in the U.S. has the potential to impact perceived risk of use. Recent estimates are needed to assess temporal changes in, and identify correlates of, perceived risk of cannabis use. Methods: Utilizing data from the 2002–2012 survey years of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, chi-squared statistics and logistic regression were used to describe temporal changes in perceived risk of regular cannabis use (i.e., once or twice a week), to explore correlates of perceived risk, and to report frequency of cannabis use. Results: Between 2002 and 2012, perceived great risk of regular cannabis use varied significantly overall (p < 0.001). The prevalence of past year non-daily (p < 0.001) and daily use varied significantly during this time (p < 0.001). Controlling for survey year and other confounders, characteristics associated with increased odds of perceived great risk of regular cannabis use included: female sex; Non-White race/ethnicity; age 50+; and family income of $20,000-49,999. Characteristics associated with decreased odds of perceived great risk included: ages 12–17 and 18–25; high school education or greater; total family income of $75,000+; past year non-daily and daily cannabis use; and survey years 2008–2012. Conclusions: Findings characterize trends of perceived risk of regular cannabis use, and past year non-daily and daily cannabis use. Longitudinal studies of the influence of legal status of cannabis at the state-level are needed.
d¹³C signal of earthworm calcite granules: A new proxy for palaeoprecipitation reconstructions during the Last Glacial in western Europe
Creators: name: Prud’homme, Charlotte
name: Lécuyer, Christophe
name: Antoine, Pierre
name: Hatté, Christine
name: Moine, Olivier
name: Fourel, François
name: Amiot, Romain
name: Martineau, François
name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Paleopedology
Last Glacial Maximum

description: Quantification of paleoprecipitation during the Last Glacial is a key element to reconstruct palaeoclimates. Recently, fossil calcite granules have been identified in loess sequences with high contents in specific horizons. In this study, we explored for the first time the potential of this new bio-indicator as a climatic proxy for precipitation in western Europe during the Last Glacial. We extracted 30 granules from eleven samples belonging to three tundra gleys and two brown soils from the Nussloch loess sequence previously dated between 50 and 20 ka. Stable carbon isotope measurements were performed on each granule and duplicated. Throughout the studied section, δ¹³C values range from −15.4 to −10.3‰ for tundra gleys and from −14.9 to −9.5‰ for brown soils. By taking into account the fractionation factor between the carbon ingested by the earthworm and the carbon output of the granules, the δ¹³C values of these granules reflect the composition of the C3 plant vegetation cover. Thus, we estimated the δ¹³C of the plants with a mean value of −24.3 ± 0.9‰ for tundra gleys and −24.1 ± 0.9‰ for brown soils, which are in agreement with values obtained from organic matter preserved in sediments. Palaeoprecipitation range over both tundra gley horizons and brown soils were estimated at about 333[159–574] mm/yr by using an empirical relationship determined between present-day plant leaf isotopic discrimination and the mean annual precipitation. This original preliminary study highlights the potential of earthworm calcite granule δ¹³C measurements as a new proxy for paleoprecipitation during the Last Glacial interstadials in continental environments.
Branch Flow Model: Relaxations and Convexification (Parts I, II)
Creators: name: Farivar, Masoud
name: Low, Steven H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a branch flow model for the anal- ysis and optimization of mesh as well as radial networks. The model leads to a new approach to solving optimal power flow (OPF) that consists of two relaxation steps. The first step eliminates the voltage and current angles and the second step approximates the resulting problem by a conic program that can be solved efficiently. For radial networks, we prove that both relaxation steps are always exact, provided there are no upper bounds on loads. For mesh networks, the conic relaxation is always exact but the angle relaxation may not be exact, and we provide a simple way to determine if a relaxed solution is globally optimal. We propose convexification of mesh networks using phase shifters so that OPF for the convexified network can always be solved efficiently for an optimal solution. We prove that convexification requires phase shifters only outside a spanning tree of the network and their placement depends only on network topology, not on power flows, generation, loads, or operating constraints. Part I introduces our branch flow model, explains the two relaxation steps, and proves the conditions for exact relaxation. Part II describes convexification of mesh networks, and presents simulation results.
description: A preliminary and abridged version has appeared in IEEE CDC, December 2012
Investigating dimensionality and measurement bias of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder in a representative sample of the largest metropolitan area in South America
Creators: name: Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
name: Wang, Yuan-Pang
name: Borges, Guilherme
name: Silveira, Camila M.
name: Siu, Erica R.
name: Viana, Maria C.
name: Andrade, Arthur G.
name: Martins, Silvia S.
name: Andrade, Laura H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Epidemiology
Drinking of alcoholic beverages
Women--Alcohol use

description: Background: Given the recent launch of a new diagnostic classification (DSM-5) for alcohol use disorders (AUD), we aimed to investigate its dimensionality and possible measurement bias in a non-U.S. sample. Methods: The current analyses were restricted to 948 subjects who endorsed drinking at least one drink per week in the past year from a sample of 5037 individuals. Data came from São Paulo Megacity Project (which is part of World Mental Health Surveys) collected between 2005 and 2007. First, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out to test for the best dimensional structure for DSM-5-AUD criteria. Then, item response theory (IRT) was used to investigate the severity and discrimination properties of each criterion of DSM-5-AUD. Finally, differential criterion functioning (DCF) were investigated by socio-demographics (income, gender, age, employment status, marital status and education). All analyses were performed in Mplus software taking into account complex survey design features. Results: The best EFA model was a one-dimensional model. IRT results showed that the criteria “Time Spent” and “Given Up” have the highest discrimination and severity properties, while the criterion “Larger/Longer” had the lowest value of severity, but an average value of discrimination. Only female gender had DCF both at criterion- and factor-level, rendering measurement bias. Conclusion: This study reinforces the existence of a DSM-5-AUD continuum in the largest metropolitan area of South America, including subgroups that had previously higher rates of alcohol use (lower educational/income levels). Lower DSM-5-AUD scores were found in women.
Mineral magnetic characterization of the Upper Pleniglacial Nussloch loess sequence (Germany): an insight into local environmental processes
Creators: name: Prud’homme, Charlotte
name: Lécuyer, Christophe
name: Antoine, Pierre
name: Hatté, Christine
name: Moine, Olivier
name: Fourel, François
name: Amiot, Romain
name: Martineau, François
name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Paleomagnetism
Geomagnetism
Rocks--Magnetic properties
Loess--Environmental aspects

description: Presently, most loess/palaeosol magnetic susceptibility records are interpreted as following either the wind-vigour model or the pedogenic enhancement model. However redoxomorphic processes induced by waterlogging, often referred to gleying in the loess literature, are also known to alter loess deposits but their impact on loess/palaeosol magnetic susceptibility records has received little attention. The reported rock magnetic study aims to characterize the mineral magnetic response of loess to waterlogging-induced redoxomorphic processes, thus improving our understanding of mineral magnetic changes within loess deposits with respect to environmental and climate conditions. The Nussloch loess-palaeosol deposit (Rhine Valley, Germany) was targeted because it is one of the best-studied Pleniglacial deposits for Western Europe in which numerous tundra gley intervals have been identified. Moreover, a comprehensive high-resolution environmental magnetism study has never been undertaken for this site. Various rock magnetism experiments were conducted at both room and low temperatures to characterise the composition, concentration and relative magnetic grain size of the mineral magnetic assemblage. The relative changes in magnetic parameters within the investigated loess interval are primarily controlled by (1) varying concentrations of coarse-grained ferrimagnetic particles of detrital (aeolian) origin and (2) dissolution of fine-grained ferrimagnetic particles related to in situ post-depositional alteration promoted by waterlogging-induced redoxomorphic processes. Goethite is found to be ubiquitous throughout the studied interval and is argued to have both a primary (aeolian) and secondary (in situ) origin. We conclude, that redoxomorphic processes induced by waterlogging, if present, will hinder the interpretation of magnetic susceptibility variations within loess and palaeosol deposits following the expected relationships dictated by the wind-vigour and the pedogenic enhancement magnetism models.
Dark Solitary Waves in a Class of Collisionally Inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Wang, Chang
name: Law, Kody J. H.
name: Kevrekidis, Panayotis. G.
name: Porter, Mason A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure, stability, and dynamics of dark solitary waves in parabolically trapped, collisionally inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with spatially periodic variations of the scattering length. This collisional inhomogeneity yields a nonlinear lattice, which we tune from a small-amplitude, approximately sinusoidal structure to a periodic sequence of densely spaced spikes. We start by investigating time-independent inhomogeneities, and we subsequently examine the dynamical response when one starts with a collisionally homogeneous BEC and then switches on an inhomogeneity either adiabatically or nonadiabatically. Using Bogoliubov-de Gennes linearization as well as direct numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we observe dark solitary waves, which can become unstable through oscillatory or exponential instabilities. We find a critical wavelength of the nonlinear lattice that is comparable to the healing length. Near this value, the fundamental eigenmode responsible for the stability of the dark solitary wave changes its direction of movement as a function of the strength of the nonlinearity. When it increases, it collides with other eigenmodes, leading to oscillatory instabilities; when it decreases, it collides with the origin and becomes imaginary, illustrating that the instability mechanism is fundamentally different in wide-well versus narrow-well lattices. When starting from a collisionally homogeneous setup and switching on inhomogeneities, we find that dark solitary waves are preserved generically for aligned lattices. We briefly examine the time scales for the onset of solitary-wave oscillations in this scenario.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures (with many subfigures), published in PRA
title: Possible genetic interactions between reared strains and wild populations of cod (Gadus morhua): lessons from salmon (Salmo salar) common garden field experiments
Creators: name: Cross, T. F.
name: McGinnity, P.
name: Carlsson, J.
name: Coughlan, J.
name: Dillane, E.
name: deEyto, E.
name: Ferguson, A.
name: FitzGerald, R.
name: Prodöhl, P.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session Q
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.With the increase in production from cod (Gadus morhua) farming and ranching around the North Atlantic, concern has been raised about detrimental effects of accidental or deliberate introductions of reared strains into the wild. Here we concentrate on the possible genetic effects of interactions of captive bred fish with wild conspecifics by extrapolating from the major findings of Irish field experiments with reared and wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. We then discuss the likelihood of similar effects being observed in cod. In the case of S. salar in a “common garden” scenario in a natural freshwater stream, native wild populations were found in many situations, simulating both farm escapes and stocking, to have significantly higher lifetime reproductive success (LRS) than their reared counterparts. Where wild X reared hybrids were produced LRS was lower depending on the extent of reared involvement (e.g. wild backcrosses more fit than F2 hybrids). The role of MHC in determining the fitness of introduced individuals was also demonstrated and suggested a high degree of local adaptation in salmon populations.
MPEC 2023-X97 : 2023 XC2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XC2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Role of aspartate aminotransferases AspB and AspC in the WhiB7-controlled intrinsic drug resistance system of mycobacteria
Creators: name: Ng, Carol Ka Lo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Intrinsic resistance of the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the main reasons that the disease tuberculosis is difficult to treat and why it remains as one of the world’s most prevalent and dangerous infectious diseases. The intrinsic resistance regulator WhiB7 controls a regulon that contains many genes predicted to have physiological functions including aspartate aminotransferases, aspB and aspC. Multi-drug susceptibility was observed in an aspC mutant and an aspB constitutive expression strain. The expression of aspC was positively regulated by WhiB7 while expression of aspB downregulated whiB7 expression. The fitness of Mycobacterium smegmatis was affected negatively by oxaloacetate and positively by α-ketoglutarate, substrates of aspartate aminotransferase, which then altered the growth inhibition by antibiotics. Recombinant AspB and AspC both catalyze measurable transamination of aspartate and α-ketoglutarate. AspC plays an important role in mycobacteria physiology as deletion of this gene caused many growth deficiencies. Furthermore, the physiological role of AspC extended beyond amino acid intermediary metabolism to redox homeostasis and oxidative stress detoxification. These results revealed a link between intrinsic antibiotic resistance and metabolism mediated through AspB and AspC. Since antibiotic resistance in mycobacterium is a complex function of its physiology, it is important to screen for tuberculosis drugs under growth conditions that resemble those found in vivo.
Publicity Rights and the Estate Tax
Creators: name: Gans, Mitchell M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Publicity (Law)
subject: Inheritance and transfer tax
subject: Estates (Law)
subject: Children of celebrities

description: The estate tax treatment of publicity rights factors into the debate regarding whether such rights should be transferrable at death. Some point to the estate tax as a reason for making publicity rights non-transferrable. For if they are transferrable, estate-tax inclusion could result. And, the argument goes, the estate or the beneficiaries could well be coerced into commercializing the rights in order to raise the money to pay the tax. Making them nontransferable would eliminate this possibility. This Article considers some of the connections between the federal estate tax and the state law treatment of publicity rights. It concludes with a suggestion about the tax treatment of publicity rights at a more general level. Part I explores the estate tax treatment of publicity rights and, in particular, the provision the celebrity Robin Williams used in his will in order to address his apparent concern about forced commercialization. While the provision appears to be based on dicta in the Ninth Circuit, its effectiveness is questionable. This Part concludes with a recommendation that legislation at the state level permit celebrities to extinguish during life their post-death publicity rights. With such legislation in place, the concern about forced commercialization would be eliminated—thus permitting the state law question of transferability to be resolved solely on the basis of non-tax considerations. Part II considers the characterization of post-death publicity rights as an independent right under state legislation and the estate tax implications of such a characterization. An analogy is made to the estate-tax treatment of wrongful death proceeds, which are typically characterized as independent of the victim’s pre-death claim and are therefore not included in the gross estate. Part III examines two ancillary estate-tax issues that can arise where state law authorizes transferability: first, the impact of retroactive state legislation making publicity rights transferrable in the case of a decedent dying prior to enactment; and, second, the impact of a movement away from traditional choice-of-law rules in this context. Part IV concludes with a broader suggestion: that the estate tax be made entirely inapplicable to publicity rights without regard to the state law question of transferability. Instead, the proceeds from the exploitation of these rights would be fully taxable as income to the beneficiaries when received, obviating the need to engage in a difficult, potentially protracted inquiry into the valuation of the rights at the time of death.
Crenatula modiolaris Lamarck 1819
Creators: name: Tëmkin, Ilya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Ostreida
Vulsellidae
Crenatula
Crenatula modiolaris

description: CRENATULA MODIOLARIS LAMARCK, 1819 West Pacific, New Caledonia, Secteur de Koumac, Anse de Koumac (= Baie de Ouanap), 20°34′S, 164°16′E, 0–2 m, fonds meubles, herbiers (two pairs with tissue; MNHN Expédition Montrouzier October 1993, station 1277); Constable Coll. (three pairs, AMNH 27950); Caroline Islands, Tomil Harbour, Yap, growing at tips of sponges on tidal flats (four pairs; USNM 634507); Pacific, New Caledonia, south-east of Ile Ouere, near Noumea, 8 m, dredged (two pairs with tissue; USNM 795306). Principal reference: Reid & Porteous (1980) (gross anatomy).
description: Published as part of Tëmkin, Ilya, 2006, Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia), pp. 253-312 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 148 (3) on page 310, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00257.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5427755
Spectral properties of operators using tridiagonalisation
Creators: name: Ismail, Mourad E. H.
name: Koelink, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33C45, 39A70, 42C05, 34L40

description: A general scheme for tridiagonalising differential, difference or q-difference operators using orthogonal polynomials is described. From the tridiagonal form the spectral decomposition can be described in terms of the orthogonality measure of generally different orthogonal polynomials. Three examples are worked out: (1) related to Jacobi and Wilson polynomials for a second order differential operator, (2) related to little q-Jacobi polynomials and Askey-Wilson polynomials for a bounded second order q-difference operator, (3) related to little q-Jacobi polynomials for an unbounded second order q-difference operator. In case (1) a link with the Jacobi function transform is established, for which we give a q-analogue using example (2).
description: 14 pages, corrections, to appear in Analysis and Applications
Dynamics and sources of last glacial aeolian deposition in southwest France derived from dune patterns, grain-size gradients and geochemistry, and reconstruction of efficient wind directions
Creators: name: Sitzia, Luca
name: Bertran, Pascal
name: Sima, Adriana
name: Chery, Philippe
name: Queffelec, Alain
name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sand dunes
subject: Last Glacial Maximum
subject: Eolian processes

description: Dune pattern, grain-size gradients and geochemistry were used to investigate the sources and dynamics of aeolian deposition during the last glacial in southwest France. The coversands form widespread fields of low-amplitude ridges (zibars), whereas Younger Dryas parabolic dunes mainly concentrate in corridors and along rivers. Spatial modelling of grain-size gradients combined with geochemical analysis points to a genetic relationship between coversands and loess, the latter resulting primarily from dust produced by aeolian abrasion of the coversands. The alluvium of the Garonne river provided also significant amounts of dust at a more local scale. The geochemical composition of loess shows much lower scattering than that of coversands, due to stronger homogenisation during transport in the atmosphere. Overall, sandy loess and loess deposits decrease in thickness away from the coversands. Dune orientation and grain-size gradients suggest that the efficient winds blew respectively from the W to the NW during the glacial, and the W-SW during the Younger Dryas. A comparison between the wind directions derived from the proxy data and those provided by palaeoclimatic simulations suggests a change of the main transport season. Ground surface conditions and their evolution throughout the year, i.e. the length of the season with snow and frozen or moist topsoil, and the seasonal distribution of wind speeds able to cause deflation are thought to have been the main factors that controlled the transport season in the study area.
Market damages, efficient contracting and the economic waste fallacy
Creators: name: Schwartz, Alan
name: Scott, Robert E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Contracts
Commercial law

description: Market damages — the difference between the market price for goods or services at the time of breach and the contract price — are the best default rule whenever parties trade in thick markets: they induce parties to contract efficiently and to trade if and only if trade is efficient, and they do not create ex ante inefficiencies. Courts commonly overlook these virtues, however, when promisors offer a set of services some of which are not separately priced. For example, a promisor may agree to pay royalties on a mining lease and later to restore the promisee's property. In these cases, courts compare the cost to the promisor of providing the service that was not supplied to the increase in the market value of the promisee/buyer's property had the promisor/seller performed. When the cost of completion is large relative to the "market delta"— the increase in market value — courts concerned to avoid "economic waste" limit the buyer to the market value increase. This concern is misguided. Since the buyer commonly prepays for the service at the ex ante market price, a cost of completion award actually has a restitution element — the prepaid price — and an expectation interest element — the market damages. The failure to recognize the joint nature of cost of completion damages causes courts to deny these damages more frequently than they should. In this paper, we argue that the unappreciated virtues of market based damages justify removing the courts' discretion to deny them no matter how high they appear to be. The rule that denies buyers market damages induces excessive entry into these service markets. Moreover, buyers are under-compensated when they prepay and cannot recover the price paid for the breached services but instead are restricted to the market delta. As a result, too few buyers contract ex ante for the relevant service and surplus maximizing contracts are forgone. Finally, sellers often can take actions in the interim between making the contract and the time for performance of the service that would reduce the service cost to manageable proportions. Sellers are less likely to take these precautions if they are required to pay buyers only the market delta rather than the full performance cost that their actions could have avoided.
What Trademark Law Is Learning from the Right of Publicity
Creators: name: Beebe, Barton
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Publicity (Law)
subject: Trademarks--Law and legislation
subject: Corporate speech
subject: Trademark dilution

description: In 2006, Stacey Dogan and Mark Lemley published the now classic article “What the Right of Publicity Can Learn from Trademark Law.” There they urged us to “[r]econceiv[e] the right of publicity as a trademark-like right,” particularly because “looking at the right of publicity through the lens of trademark law offers logical ways to limit the right.” Right of publicity law’s failure to incorporate trademark law’s limitations had resulted, they argue, in the right of publicity functioning as “a mutant version of trademark policy . . . .” I argue here in response that regrettably, notwithstanding Dogan and Lemley’s good advice, the reality is that it is trademark law that has become more like right of publicity law. Indeed, trademark law is in danger of becoming a “mutant version” of right of publicity policy. To defend this claim, I will first briefly survey the conventionally-recognized similarities and differences between trademark law and right of publicity law. I will then propose a more complicated—and, I think, more accurate—comparison between the two areas of law and argue that they are converging in many important ways, giving us the worst of both worlds. In what follows, I will focus more on trademark law, not only because many other contributions to this Symposium thoroughly discuss right of publicity law, but also because I think we should be especially concerned with trademark law’s mutation in the age of Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores and Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission into a kind of right of publicity law for corporate personhoods. Before I proceed, I should emphasize one point from the start. I very much doubt that Dogan or Lemley would disagree with the general thrust of my argument, not least because much of it draws upon other work by them.
U-duality in three and four dimensions
Creators: name: Malek, Emanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using generalised geometry we study the action of U-duality acting in three and four dimensions on the bosonic fields of eleven dimensional supergravity. We compare the U-duality symmetry with the T-duality symmetry of double field theory and see how the $SL(2)\otimes SL(3)$ and SL(5) U-duality groups reduce to the SO(2,2) and SO(3,3) T-duality symmetry groups of the type IIA theory. As examples we dualise M2-branes, both black and extreme. We find that uncharged black M2-branes become charged under U-duality, generalising the Harrison transformation, while extreme M2-branes will become new extreme M2-branes. The resulting tension and charges are quantised appropriately if we use the discrete U-duality group $E_d(Z)$.
description: v1: 35 pages; v2: minor corrections in section 4.1.2, many references added; v3: further discussion added on the conformal factor of the generalised metric in section 2 and on the Wick-rotation used to construct examples in section 6
Finite Hilbert stability of (bi)canonical curves
Creators: name: Alper, Jarod
name: Fedorchuk, Maksym
name: Smyth, David Ishii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that a generic canonically or bicanonically embedded smooth curve has semistable m-th Hilbert points for all m. We also prove that a generic bicanonically embedded smooth curve has stable m-th Hilbert points for all m \geq 3. In the canonical case, this is accomplished by proving finite Hilbert semistability of special singular curves with G_m-action, namely the canonically embedded balanced ribbon and the canonically embedded balanced double A_{2k+1}-curve. In the bicanonical case, we prove finite Hilbert stability of special hyperelliptic curves, namely Wiman curves. Finally, we give examples of canonically embedded smooth curves whose m-th Hilbert points are non-semistable for low values of m, but become semistable past a definite threshold. (This paper subsumes the previous submission and arXiv:1110.5960).
description: To appear in Inventiones Mathematicae, 2012. The final publication is available at http://www.springerlink.com
Antonia Pozzi: se Dio non è lontano
Creators: name: Altea, Tiziana
Publisher: name: Materiali di Estetica. Terza serie
Year: 2019

description: Antonia Pozzi (Milan 1912-1938) does not believe in a confessional God. According to her, God comes alive in human heart. The poet, thanks to her sensitivity and personality, had a strong spirituality. Her ascensional tension and research of sense and absolute (with all the distress that comes with it) have been aconstant ofherlife,whichculminatedinthelovefortheProf.Cervi and found expression through the love for human being and the creation of poetry.
description: Materiali di Estetica. Terza serie, N. 5.2 (2018): Le parole di Dio
Order of Exercises at the Annual Benefit Meeting of the Roxbury Washington Total Abstinence Society, To be held in the Universalist Church, Sunday Evening, March 19, 1848.
Creators: name: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1848

description: Program for the Annual Benefit Meeting of the Roxbury, Washington Total Abstinence Society, held March 19, 1848.
title: The Use Of Genetic Tagging To Study Interaction Between Farmed And Wild Atlantic Cod Stocks
Creators: name: Jørstad, K.E.
name: Van der Meeren, T.
name: Dahle, G.
name: Paulsen, O.I.
name: Svåsand, T.
name: Otterå, H.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session Q
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Escapement of farmed fish from the aquaculture is considered as a risk for negative genetic impacts on native gene pools. In order to investigate potential interbreeding between cultured and wild Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L, a genetically marked cod strain was developed. These fish are homozygote for a rare allele in one of the glucosephosphate isomerase locus (GPI-1*30) expressed in white muscle tissue. Offspring from this strain were first used in large scale enhancement experiments at three locations in western Norway (1990 – 1994). As expected, the releases were followed by a significant increase of the overall frequencies of the marker allele in all locations, but the frequency declined rapidly thereafter. After about 10 years, however, significant higher frequency was only detected in one region, suggesting survival to maturation and some reproduction success of the released cod. Mature cod possessing the marker allele were collected from this region as basic for establishing a new farmed genetic tagged strain of cod. This strain was allowed to spawn in net pens in 2006 and 2007, and successful spawning was documented as well as leakage of fertilized farmed eggs and larvae into the natural environment. The survival and geographical spreading of the farmed offspring have been investigated, and recently, genetically marked fish of similar size as mature wild cod in the local area was observed. In addition, a new industrial scale study has been initiated based on the same cod strain. To year-classes (2007 and 2008), each consisting of 500 000 juveniles, are now farmed in a commercial cod facility. A comprehensive monitoring program has been established to detect escapees during the farming period. The first escapes, identified through the genetic tag, were found in the fjord area in November 2008, and a larger escapement was detected in early April 2009. A fraction of these fish were mature and offspring was detected throughout the 30 km long fjord system, including on local spawning sites of the wild cod.
Changing places: the rule of law in British India: a proposal
Creators: name: Steller, Verena
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: History
South Asians

description: In the nineteenth century, Free Trade played a crucial role in Victorian visions of global order and was of paramount importance for the self-perception of Britishness. The implementation of Free Trade with its core conceptions of liberty and justice did not render state intervention redundant. On the contrary, it became a crucial part of British jurisdiction and concepts of governance in the British colonies. In fact, Free Trade and the Rule of Law evolved side-by-side, as competing principles. The research project focuses on the tension between these two conceptions. It proposes to analyze two forums of justification: The first is the arena of local Indian courtrooms of the Raj. Here, conflicts of normative orders that implied moral, legal and religious pluralism occurred on a regular basis. In this forum, experiences of (in)justice might be articulated and laws of difference be negotiated. How were the (legal) subject and subjectivity, the individual and identity formed in this arena? Secondly, questions about the legal validity and legitimacy of law vis-à-vis the colonial rule provoked 'scandals of Empire', i.e. major discursive events, in the British public about law and justice, justification and Britishness. The project is interested in the impact of these debates: In how far did they not only affect the transformation of the legal order in India, but also the style of legal reasoning in Britain? By linking these two forums of justification, this research project strives to bridge the gap between ideas and cultural practice, text and practice and to mediate between oftentimes opposed conceptions of discourse and action theory.