Trachelolophos binucleatus Yan &amp; Xu &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Song 2016, SP. NOV.
Creators: name: Yan, Ying
name: Xu, Yuan
name: Al-Farraj, Saleh A.
name: Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S.
name: Song, Weibo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Karyorelictea
Trachelocercida
Trachelocercidae
Trachelolophos
Trachelolophos binucleatus

description: TRACHELOLOPHOS BINUCLEATUS SP. NOV. (FIGS 4, 5; TABLE 1) <i>Diagnosis:</i> Body size <i>in vivo</i> 500–1000 × 25–35 μm; 9–19 and 17–26 somatic kineties on head and trunk, respectively; single nuclear group composed of two or three macronuclei and one micronucleus; narrow glabrous stripe, corresponding to area occupied by two somatic kineties; cortical granules colourless and about 0.5 μm in diameter. <i>Type locality:</i> The intertidal zone of a bathing beach in Qingdao, China (35°55′45″N, 120°12′59″E), where the water temperature was 16 °C and salinity about 33‰ (Fig. 1A). <i>Type specimens:</i> A protargol-impregnated slide containing the holotype specimen marked with an ink circle is deposited in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Ocean University of China, China (No. YY2013052403). One paratype slide is deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK, with registration number NHMUK 2015.9.15.2. <i>Etymology:</i> The species-group name <i>binucleatus</i> reflects the fact that this organism usually has two macronuclei. <i>Description:</i> Fully extended cells about 700 × 30 μm <i>in vivo</i>; body flexible and flattened ribbon-like with claviform head and pointed tail (Figs 4A–C, 5A–C). Body colour dark at low magnification with neck and tail portion transparent due to packed inclusions (Figs 4A, D, 5A, D). Single nuclear group located in centre of trunk, containing two or three macronuclei, 7–10 μm in diameter, and one micronucleus, 3–6 μm in diameter (Figs 4A, D, I, 5D, G, H). Colourless cortical granules, <i>c.</i> 0.5 μm in diameter, arranged in line between ciliary rows and scattered in glabrous stripe (Figs 4F, 5E, F). Locomotion by gliding between sand grains and organic debris. Cell surface densely ciliated with unciliated zone, glabrous stripe, about as wide as two somatic kineties (Figs 4F, H, 5J, M). Entire infraciliature consisting of dikinetids with cilia <i>c.</i> 10 μm long (Figs 4H, I, 5G). About 14 and 19 somatic kineties on head and trunk, respectively. Anterior and posterior secant system formed on left side of glabrous stripe where some kineties abut to bristle kinety (Figs 4F, H, 5J, M). Oral infraciliature consisting of uninterrupted circumoral kinety and conspicuous ciliary tuft located in centre of oral cavity (Figs 4F, G, 3I, L). <i>Comparison:</i> Similar to <i>Trachelolophos quadrinucleatus</i> sp. nov., the current new species should be compared with its known congeners. All measurements in μm. Abbreviations: CV, coefficient of variation (%); Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; NG, nuclear groups; SD, standard deviation; SK, somatic kineties; <i>N</i>, number of specimens. <i>Trachelolophos filum</i> can be separated from the new species by having more somatic kineties on the trunk (26–35 vs. 17–26) and more macronuclei (6–30 forming a strand vs. two or three forming a nuclear group) (Foissner &amp; Dragesco, 1996b). <i>Trachelolophos gigas</i> differs from <i>T. binucleatus</i> sp. nov. in possessing a longer body length (2000 μm vs. 500–1000 μm), more somatic kineties on the trunk (52– 71 vs. 17–26) and more macronuclei (17–33 macronuclei forming a strand vs. two or three forming a nuclear group) (Foissner &amp; Dragesco, 1996b). <i>Trachelolophos binucleatus</i> sp. nov. differs from <i>T. quadrinucleatus</i> sp. nov. (above) in having far fewer somatic kineties on the trunk (17–26 vs. 26– 40) and fewer macronuclei (two or three vs. three or four).
description: Published as part of <i>Yan, Ying, Xu, Yuan, Al-Farraj, Saleh A., Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. &amp; Song, Weibo, 2016, Morphology and phylogeny of three trachelocercids (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Karyorelictea), with description of two new species and insight into the evolution of the family Trachelocercidae, pp. 306-319 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177 (2)</i> on pages 309-311, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12364, http://zenodo.org/record/5460600
description: {"references": ["Foissner W, Dragesco J. 1996 b. Updating the trachelocercids (Ciliophora, Karyorelictea). I. A detailed description of Trachelolophos gigas n. g., n. sp. and T. filum (Dragesco et Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 43: 12 - 25."]}