cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Signals of merging supermassive black holes in pulsar timing arrays
Creators: name: Depta, Paul Frederik
name: Schmidt-Hoberg, Kai
name: Schwaller, Pedro
name: Tasillo, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we evaluate whether the gravitational wave background recently observed by a number of different pulsar timing arrays could be due to merging primordial supermassive black hole binaries. We find that for homogeneously distributed primordial black holes this possibility is inconsistent with strong cosmological and astrophysical constraints on their total abundance. If the distribution exhibits some clustering, however, the merger rate will, in general, be enhanced, opening the window for a consistent interpretation of the pulsar timing array data in terms of merging primordial black holes, if $μ$-distortion constraints associated with the formation mechanism can be evaded.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, matches published version
title: Ligustrum spec.
title: Liguster (Ligustrum spec.)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 3 Bilder des Ligusters.
title: Larix spec.
title: Lärche (Larix spec.)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 5 Bilder der Lärche.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Classification with Interpretability in Children based on Structural MRI Features Extracted using Contrastive Variational Autoencoder
Creators: name: Ma, Ruimin
name: Xie, Ruitao
name: Wang, Yanlin
name: Meng, Jintao
name: Wei, Yanjie
name: Xi, Wenhui
name: Pan, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly disabling mental disease that brings significant impairments of social interaction ability to the patients, making early screening and intervention of ASD critical. With the development of the machine learning and neuroimaging technology, extensive research has been conducted on machine classification of ASD based on structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (s-MRI). However, most studies involve with datasets where participants' age are above 5 and lack interpretability. In this paper, we propose a machine learning method for ASD classification in children with age range from 0.92 to 4.83 years, based on s-MRI features extracted using contrastive variational autoencoder (CVAE). 78 s-MRIs, collected from Shenzhen Children's Hospital, are used for training CVAE, which consists of both ASD-specific feature channel and common shared feature channel. The ASD participants represented by ASD-specific features can be easily discriminated from TC participants represented by the common shared features. In case of degraded predictive accuracy when data size is extremely small, a transfer learning strategy is proposed here as a potential solution. Finally, we conduct neuroanatomical interpretation based on the correlation between s-MRI features extracted from CVAE and surface area of different cortical regions, which discloses potential biomarkers that could help target treatments of ASD in the future.
title: Corylus avellana
title: Gemeine Hasel (Corylus avellana)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 4 Bilder der Gemeinen Hasel.
Performance Modeling of Data Storage Systems using Generative Models
Creators: name: Al-Maeeni, Abdalaziz Rashid
name: Temirkhanov, Aziz
name: Ryzhikov, Artem
name: Hushchyn, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: High-precision modeling of systems is one of the main areas of industrial data analysis. Models of systems, their digital twins, are used to predict their behavior under various conditions. We have developed several models of a storage system using machine learning-based generative models. The system consists of several components: hard disk drive (HDD) and solid-state drive (SSD) storage pools with different RAID schemes and cache. Each storage component is represented by a probabilistic model that describes the probability distribution of the component performance in terms of IOPS and latency, depending on their configuration and external data load parameters. The results of the experiments demonstrate the errors of 4-10 % for IOPS and 3-16 % for latency predictions depending on the components and models of the system. The predictions show up to 0.99 Pearson correlation with Little's law, which can be used for unsupervised reliability checks of the models. In addition, we present novel data sets that can be used for benchmarking regression algorithms, conditional generative models, and uncertainty estimation methods in machine learning.
title: Evaporation-driven density instabilities in saturated porous media
Creators: name: Bringedal, Carina
name: Schollenberger, Theresa
name: Pieters, G. J. M.
name: Van Duijn, C. J.
name: Helmig, Rainer
Publisher: name: Universität Stuttgart
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 624

description: Soil salinization is a major cause of soil degradation and hampers plant growth. For soils saturated with saline water, the evaporation of water induces accumulation of salt near the top of the soil. The remaining liquid gets an increasingly larger density due to the accumulation of salt, giving a gravitationally unstable situation, where instabilities in the form of fingers can form. These fingers can, hence, lead to a net downward transport of salt. We here investigate the appearance of these fingers through a linear stability analysis and through numerical simulations. The linear stability analysis gives criteria for onset of instabilities for a large range of parameters. Simulations using a set of parameters give information also about the development of the fingers after onset. With this knowledge, we can predict whether and when the instabilities occur, and their effect on the salt concentration development near the top boundary.
Quantum relativistic cosmology: dynamical interpretation and tunneling universe
Creators: name: Vieira, H. S.
name: Bezerra, V. B.
name: Muniz, C. R.
name: Cunha, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work the wave functions associated to the quantum relativistic universe, which is described by the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, are obtained. Taking into account different kinds of energy density, namely, matter, radiation, vacuum, dark energy, and quintessence, we discuss some aspects of the quantum dynamics. In all these cases, the wave functions of the quantum relativistic universe are given in terms of the triconfluent Heun functions. We investigate the expansion of the universe using these solutions and found that the asymptotic behavior for the scale factor is $a(t) \sim \mbox{e}^{t}$ for whatever the form of energy density is. On the other hand, we analyze the behavior at early stages of the universe and found that $a(t) \sim t^{1/2}$. We also calculate and analyze the transmission coefficient through the effective potential barrier.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
title: Castanea spec.
title: Kastanie (Castanea spec.)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 1 Bild der Kastanie.
Rational homotopy type and computability
Creators: name: Manin, Fedor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 55Q05, 03D35, 55-08, 55P62

description: Given a simplicial pair $(X,A)$, a simplicial complex $Y$, and a map $f:A \to Y$, does $f$ have an extension to $X$? We show that for a fixed $Y$, this question is algorithmically decidable for all $X$, $A$, and $f$ if $Y$ has the rational homotopy type of an H-space. As a corollary, many questions related to bundle structures over a finite complex are likely decidable. Conversely, for all other $Y$, the question is at least as hard as certain special cases of Hilbert's tenth problem which are known or suspected to be undecidable.
description: 26 pages. This is a major revision: The former Lemma 7.2 had been proven incorrectly and is now a conjecture, as is one direction of what was previously the main theorem. I have added proofs of a number of special cases as well as an explanation of why the general statement seems very difficult
Additional file 2 of Access to inpatient palliative care among cancer patients in France: an analysis based on the national cancer cohort
Creators: name: Janah, Asmaa
name: Bihan-Benjamin, Christine Le
name: Mancini, Julien
name: Anne-Déborah Bouhnik
name: Philippe-Jean Bousquet
name: Marc-Karim Bendiane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Factors independently associated with Palliative Care access.
On Pruning for Score-Based Bayesian Network Structure Learning
Creators: name: Correia, Alvaro H. C.
name: Cussens, James
name: de Campos, Cassio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many algorithms for score-based Bayesian network structure learning (BNSL), in particular exact ones, take as input a collection of potentially optimal parent sets for each variable in the data. Constructing such collections naively is computationally intensive since the number of parent sets grows exponentially with the number of variables. Thus, pruning techniques are not only desirable but essential. While good pruning rules exist for the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), current results for the Bayesian Dirichlet equivalent uniform (BDeu) score reduce the search space very modestly, hampering the use of the (often preferred) BDeu. We derive new non-trivial theoretical upper bounds for the BDeu score that considerably improve on the state-of-the-art. Since the new bounds are mathematically proven to be tighter than previous ones and at little extra computational cost, they are a promising addition to BNSL methods.
The decomposition and classification of radiant affine 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Choi, Suhyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50 (Primary) 53A20, 53C15 (Secondary)

description: An affine manifold is a manifold with torsion-free flat affine connection. A geometric topologist's definition of an affine manifold is a manifold with an atlas of charts to the affine space with affine transition functions; a radiant affine manifold is an affine manifold with holonomy consisting of affine transformations fixing a common fixed point. We decompose an orientable closed radiant affine 3-manifold into radiant 2-convex affine manifolds and radiant concave affine 3-manifolds along mutually disjoint totally geodesic tori or Klein bottles using the convex and concave decomposition of real projective $n$-manifolds developed earlier. Then we decompose a 2-convex radiant affine manifold into convex radiant affine manifolds and concave-cone affine manifolds. To do this, we will obtain certain nice geometric objects in the Kuiper completion of holonomy cover. The equivariance and local finiteness property of the collection of such objects will show that their union covers a compact submanifold of codimension zero, the complement of which is convex. Finally, using the results of Barbot, we will show that a closed radiant affine 3-manifold admits a total cross section, confirming a conjecture of Carrière, and hence every radiant affine 3-manifold is homeomorphic to a Seifert fibered space with trivial Euler number, or a virtual bundle over a circle with fiber homeomorphic to a torus.
description: Some notational mistakes fixed, and the appendix rewritten
Engineering non-Hermitian Second Order Topological Insulator in Quasicrystals
Creators: name: Rangi, Chakradhar
name: Tam, Ka-Ming
name: Moreno, Juana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Hermitian topological phases have gained immense attention due to their potential to unlock novel features beyond Hermitian bounds. PT-symmetric (Parity Time-reversal symmetric) non-Hermitian models have been studied extensively over the past decade. In recent years, the topological properties of general non-Hermitian models, regardless of the balance between gains and losses, have also attracted vast attention. Here we propose a non-Hermitian second-order topological (SOT) insulator that hosts gapless corner states on a two-dimensional quasi-crystalline lattice (QL). We first construct a non-Hermitian extension of the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang (BHZ) model on a QL generated by the Amman-Beenker (AB) tiling. This model has real spectra and supports helical edge states. Corner states emerge by adding a proper Wilson mass term that gaps out the edge states. We propose two variations of the mass term that result in fascinating characteristics. In the first variation, we obtain a purely real spectra for the second-order topological phase. In the latter, we get a complex spectra with corner states localized at only two corners. Our findings pave a path to engineering exotic SOT phases where corner states can be localized at designated corners.
title: A Capability Model to Understand In-Field Responses to Natural Disaster Relief in the Developing World
Creators: name: Sheppard, Allan Stanley
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Natural disasters, Cost of
subject: Humanitarian logistics
subject: Global Financial Crisis (GFC)
subject: International aid

description: Humanitarian logistics has grown as a field of research since 2004 through the impact of the Indian Ocean tsunami (Kovács & Spens, 2011). The literature has focused on the increasing costs of natural disasters in terms of the number of casualties among the affected people and the heavy economic losses. These economic losses come at a time when international instability resulting from the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) has led to many nations focusing on their own financial plights. As a result, the level of financial support for international aid has significantly decreased (Dabla-Norris, Minoiu, & Zanna, 2011). Many international humanitarian agencies are finding it more difficult to maintain and retain experienced personnel trained in humanitarian logistics and response to natural disasters (Thomas, 2003; Thomas & Kopczak, 2005). A number of national governments of developing countries are taking more responsibility for managing natural disasters in their own countries, utilising the capacity of their local populations (Kent, 2012). Although local populations are proving to be quite capable, particularly as first responders, they often require technical and financial support to respond effectively to natural disasters (Widmer, 2003).
title: Veratrum viride
title: Grüner Germer (Veratrum viride)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 10 Bilder des Grünen Germers.
Strictly isospectral SUSY potentials and the Riccati superposition principle
Creators: name: Rosu, H. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The connection of unbroken SUSY quantum mechanics in its strictly isospectral form with the nonlinear Riccati superposition principle is pointed out
description: 4 LaTex pages
Additional file 1 of The prevalence, antibiotic resistance and mecA characterization of coagulase negative staphylococci recovered from non-healthcare settings in London, UK
Creators: name: Xu, Zhen
name: Shah, Haroun N.
name: Misra, Raju
name: Chen, Jiazhen
name: Zhang, Wenhong
name: Liu, Yuting
name: Cutler, Ronald R.
name: Mkrtchyan, Hermine V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Table S1. Isolates collected from different environmental sites and human hands (PDF 46 kb)
title: Essays on Stock Market Volatility using High-Frequency Data: The Role of Overnight Information
Creators: name: Jayawardena, Nirodha Imali
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Heterogeneous Autoregressive (HAR) model
subject: Stock market
subject: Financial volatility
subject: Australian Stock Exchange (ASX)
subject: Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE)
subject: New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
subject: London Stock Exchange (LSE)

description: “Does overnight information play an important role in predicting daytime volatility in the financial markets?” This is an unresolved question in the literature on financial volatility. Due to the global integration of financial markets, the need for market efficiency is becoming more pronounced. More specifically, the need to account for information on the overnight or non-trading period is even more pertinent in contexts such as the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) and the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), because their geographical proximity means that they are outside the trading hours of major global markets such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the London Stock Exchange (LSE). Thus, when a new business day dawns, much pertinent information is waiting to impact price developments.
Strong Lensing and $H_0$
Creators: name: Treu, Tommaso
name: Shajib, Anowar J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time delays from strong gravitational lensing provide a one-step absolute distance measurement. Thus, they measure $H_0$ independently of all other probes. We first review the foundations and history of time-delay cosmography. Then, we illustrate the current state of the art by means of two recent case studies that have been real breakthroughs: i) the quadruply imaged quasar lensed by a galaxy-scale deflector RXJ1131$-$1231, for which spatially resolved stellar kinematics is available; ii) the multiply imaged supernova "Refsdal", the first with measured time delays, lensed by cluster MACS1149.5$+$2223. We conclude by discussing the exciting future prospects of time-delay cosmography in the coming decade.
description: Invited chapter for the book "Hubble Constant Tension" (eds. E. Di Valentino and D. Brout). This version: accepted version
title: Veratrum album
title: Weißer Germer (Veratrum album)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 8 Bilder des Weißen Germers.
A new, rotating hot corino in Serpens
Creators: name: Martin-Domenech, R.
name: Oberg, K. I.
name: Bergner, J. B.
name: Jorgensen, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed 29 transitions corresponding to 12 distinct species and 7 additional isotopologs toward the deeply embedded Class 0 young stellar object Ser-emb 1 with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array at 1 mm. The detected species include CH3OH and two complex organic molecules, CH3OCH3 and CH3OCHO. The emission of CH3OH and the two COMs is compact, and the CH3OH rotational temperature is 261 (46) K, implying that Ser-emb 1 hosts a hot corino. The derived CH3OH, CH3OCH3 and CH3OCHO column densities are at least 1.2 (0.4)E17 cm-2, 9.2 (3.8)E16 cm-2, and 9.1 (3.6)E16 cm-2, respectively, comparable to the values found for other Class 0 hot corinos. In addition, we observe evidence of rotation at compact scales: two of the more strongly detected lines, corresponding to C18O and H2CO present spatially resolved red- and blue-shifted compact emission orthogonal to the direction of a jet and outflow traced by CO, SiO, and several other molecules. The spatial coincidence of the hot corino emission and a possible disk in a compact region around the central protostar suggests that these structures may be physically and/or chemically related.
Exploration of Differences in the Beliefs and Attitudes of Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science, and Physics Teachers on Multiculturalism in Secondary Science Classrooms
Creators: Biswas, Samir Chandra
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Science--Study and teaching
Multicultural education
Education, Secondary
Science teachers--Attitudes
Physics teachers
Chemistry teachers
Biology teachers
Physics--Study and teaching (Secondary)
Chemistry--Study and teaching (Secondary)
Earth sciences--Study and teaching (Secondary)

description: This study explored if there are differing beliefs and attitudes regarding working with students of multicultural backgrounds based on the content area specialties (i.e. biology, chemistry, Earth science and physics) of in-service secondary science teachers. The study was mixed methods and conducted in two parts. The first part focused on the use of quantitative statistical analysis to review the results of 152 respondents to a 54 Likert questions on the Survey on Multiculturalism in the Science Classroom (SMSC). The statistical analysis was followed up with qualitative analysis of interviews with 12 in-service science teachers representing the different content areas. Quantitative findings indicated that biology and Earth science teachers demonstrated similar patterns of responses in terms of comparative statistical analysis, network correlation diagrams, and general responses to the Likert items from the SMSC. Of the four content area groups, physics teachers demonstrated the greatest difference in their responses regarding multiculturalism. The results also showed that the beliefs and attitudes of chemistry teachers were correlated with those of physics teachers; this was not the case for biology teachers and Earth science teachers. Themes emerging from a qualitative analysis of the interviews included the following: a) In-service teachers have received little formalized training in regard to working with multicultural students; and b) Differences in teacher beliefs and attitudes reported in this study could be the result of diminishing representation of students from multicultural backgrounds in the different sciences, particularly as students move through a traditional progression from biology, to Earth science, to chemistry, to physics.
Crossover from critical orthogonal to critical unitary statistics at the Anderson transition
Creators: name: Batsch, M.
name: Schweitzer, L.
name: Zharekeshev, I. Kh.
name: Kramer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a novel scale-independent, Aharonov-Bohm flux controlled crossover from critical orthogonal to critical unitary statistics at the disorder induced metal insulator transition. Our numerical investigations show that at the critical point the level statistics are definitely distinct and determined by fundamental symmetries. The latter is similar to the behavior of the metallic phase known from random matrix theory. The Aharonov-Bohm flux dependent crossover is characteristic of the critical ensemble.
description: 4 pages RevTeX, 4 epsf-figures included, to appear in Physical Review Letters (August 1996)
title: Polygonatum odoratum
title: Echtes Salomonssiegel (Polygonatum odoratum)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Wohlriechende Weißwurz
subject: Gemeiner Weißwurz
subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 9 Bilder des Echten Salomonssiegels.
Exponential distance relation (aka Titius-Bode rule) in extra solar planetary systems
Creators: name: Krommydas, Dimitrios
name: Scardigli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present phenomenological evidence for the validity of an exponential distance relation (also known as generalized Titius-Bode law) in the 32 planetary systems (31 extra solar, plus our Solar System) containing at least 5 planets each (known up to July 2023). We produce the semi-log fittings of the data, and we check them against the statistical indicators of $R^2$ and $Median$. Then we compare them with the data of 4000 artificial planetary systems created at random. In this way, a possible origin by chance of the Titius-Bode rule (TBR) is reasonably excluded. We also point out that in some systems the fittings can be definitely improved by the insertion of new planets into specific positions. We discuss the Harmonic Resonances method and fittings, and compare them with the Titius-Bode fittings. Moreover, for some specific systems, we compare the Titius-Bode fitting against a polynomial fitting ($r\sim n^2$). Further comparisons with previous relevant works are reported in the last section. It emerges that TBR describes 25 out of the 32 planetary systems ($78\%$) with a $R^2\geq 0.95$. Further, it results to be the most economical (in terms of free parameters) and best fitting law for the description of spacing among planetary orbits. This analysis allows us to conclude that an exponential distance relation can reasonably be considered as ``valid'', or strongly corroborated, also in extra solar planetary systems.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, 14 tables
Explaining Low Entropy: An Examination of the Efficacy of Cosmological Explanations for the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Creators: Dawborne, Miles Alexander
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Second law of thermodynamics
Cosmology
Entropy--Philosophy
Science--Philosophy

description: Given a low-entropy past state, statistical mechanics purportedly explains the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Modern cosmology furnishes this account with a low-entropy early universe. However, what explains this past state? One approach simply postulates this initial condition as a contingent fact or law. Alternatively, one can seek a dynamical solution. This paper assesses the explanatory efficacy some popular proposals. In particular, Carroll's multiverse hypothesis is critiqued and shown to be subject to similar problems faced by Boltzmann.
Additional file 1 of Access to inpatient palliative care among cancer patients in France: an analysis based on the national cancer cohort
Creators: name: Janah, Asmaa
name: Bihan-Benjamin, Christine Le
name: Mancini, Julien
name: Anne-Déborah Bouhnik
name: Philippe-Jean Bousquet
name: Marc-Karim Bendiane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Treatments delivered since cancer diagnosis (2013–2016).
Explaining the Rise in Mexico's Cartel Related Violence
Creators: Perrone, Francesca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Violence
subject: Militarization of police
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Organized crime

description: Given the insecurity that the Mexican state and millions of people face at the hands of drug trafficking organizations, the puzzle for this paper is to understand the social and political sources (independent variables) that have caused the recent surge in cartel related violence (dependent variable). The discussion of violence includes any episode of homicide, kidnappings, threats, and extortion that are against both civilians and political figures (produced by the cartels). Through a historical lens, I argue that the Mexican state’s transition to democracy and militarization (militarized anti-narcotics campaign) are the independent variables that may help explain the increase in cartel related violence. Studying the potential causes of violence is necessary in order to develop an appropriate strategy or policy to combat violence and ensure the safety of the society.
Two-particle scattering theory for anyons
Creators: name: Korff, C.
name: Lang, G.
name: Schrader, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider potential scattering theory of a nonrelativistic quantum mechanical 2-particle system in R^2 with anyon statistics. Sufficient conditions are given which guarantee the existence of wave operators and the unitarity of the S-matrix. As examples the rotationally invariant potential well and the delta-function potential are discussed in detail. In case of a general rotationally invariant potential the angular momentum decomposition leads to a theory of Jost functions. The anyon statistics parameter gives rise to an interpolation for angular momenta analogous to the Regge trajectories for complex angular momenta. Levinson's theorem is adapted to the present context. In particular we find that in case of a zero energy resonance the statistics parameter can be determined from the scattering phase.
description: 42 pages of RevTex and 5 figures (included)
Rectangular shrinking targets for $\mathbb{Z}^m$ actions on tori: well and badly approximable systems
Creators: name: Beresnevich, Victor
name: Datta, Shreyasi
name: Ghosh, Anish
name: Ward, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J13, 11J83, 37A17

description: In this paper we investigate the shrinking target property for irrational rotations. This was first studied by Kurzweil (1951) and has received considerable interest of late. Using a new approach, we generalize results of Kim (2007) and Shapira (2013) by proving a weighted effective analogue of the shrinking target property. Furthermore, our results are established in the much wider $S$-arithmetic setting.
Institutional Grammar 2.0 Codebook
Creators: name: Frantz, Christopher K.
name: Siddiki, Saba N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.7.2; I.6.5
subject: 68T30

description: The Grammar of Institutions, or Institutional Grammar, is an established approach to encode policy information in terms of institutional statements based on a set of pre-defined syntactic components. This codebook provides coding guidelines for a revised version of the Institutional Grammar, the Institutional Grammar 2.0 (IG 2.0). IG 2.0 is a specification that aims at facilitating the encoding of policy to meet varying analytical objectives. To this end, it revises the grammar with respect to comprehensiveness, flexibility, and specificity by offering multiple levels of expressiveness (IG Core, IG Extended, IG Logico). In addition to the encoding of regulative statements, it further introduces the encoding of constitutive institutional statements, as well as statements that exhibit both constitutive and regulative characteristics. Introducing those aspects, the codebook initially covers fundamental concepts of IG 2.0, before providing an overview of pre-coding steps relevant for document preparation. Detailed coding guidelines are provided for both regulative and constitutive statements across all levels of expressiveness, along with the encoding guidelines for statements of mixed form -- hybrid and polymorphic institutional statements. The document further provides an overview of taxonomies used in the encoding process and referred to throughout the codebook. The codebook concludes with a summary and discussion of relevant considerations to facilitate the coding process. An initial Reader's Guide helps the reader tailor the content to her interest.
 Note that this codebook specifically focuses on operational aspects of IG 2.0 in the context of policy coding. Links to additional resources such as the underlying scientific literature (that offers a comprehensive treatment of the underlying theoretical concepts) are referred to in the DOI and the concluding section of the codebook.
description: 122 pages, 16 figures, 14 tables
Efficient Gaussian Process Classification-based Physical-Layer Authentication with Configurable Fingerprints for 6G-Enabled IoT
Creators: name: Meng, Rui
name: Zhu, Fangzhou
name: Cheng, Xiqi
name: Xu, Xiaodong
name: Wang, Bizhu
name: Dong, Chen
name: Xu, Bingxuan
name: Tao, Xiaofeng
name: Zhang, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The future 6G-enabled IoT will facilitate seamless global connectivity among ubiquitous wireless devices, but this advancement also introduces heightened security risks such as spoofing attacks. Physical-Layer Authentication (PLA) has emerged as a promising, inherently secure, and energy-efficient technique for authenticating IoT terminals. Nonetheless, the direct application of state-of-the-art PLA schemes to 6G-enabled IoT encounters two major hurdles: inaccurate channel fingerprints and the inefficient utilization of prior fingerprint information. To tackle these challenges, we leverage Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) to enhance fingerprint accuracy. Additionally, we integrate active learning and Gaussian Processes (GPs) to propose an Efficient Gaussian Process Classification (EGPC)-based PLA scheme, aiming for reliable and lightweight authentication. Following Bayes' theorem, we model configurable fingerprints using GPs and employ the expectation propagation method to identify unknown fingerprints. Given the difficulty of obtaining sufficient labeled fingerprint samples to train PLA models, we propose three fingerprint selection algorithms. These algorithms select unlabeled fingerprints and query their identities using upper-layer authentication mechanisms. Among these methods, the optimal algorithm reduces the number of training fingerprints needed through importance sampling and eliminates the requirement for PLA model retraining through joint distribution calculation. Simulations results reveal that, in comparison with non-RIS-based approaches, the RIS-aided PLA framework decreases the authentication error rate by 98.69%. In addition, our designed fingerprint selection algorithms achieve a reduction in the authentication error rate of up to 86.93% compared to baseline active learning schemes.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 4 of Access to inpatient palliative care among cancer patients in France: an analysis based on the national cancer cohort
Creators: name: Janah, Asmaa
name: Bihan-Benjamin, Christine Le
name: Mancini, Julien
name: Anne-Déborah Bouhnik
name: Philippe-Jean Bousquet
name: Marc-Karim Bendiane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Kaplan–Meier curves of the cumulative probability of accessing PC site by gender.
title: Polygonatum multiflorum
title: Vielblütige Weißwurz (Polygonatum multiflorum)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 5 Bilder des Vielblütigen Weißwurzes.
Begonia weddelliana A. DC
Creators: name: Moonlight, Peter
name: Fuentes, Alfredo F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Cucurbitales
Begoniaceae
Begonia
Begonia weddelliana

description: 1.11.Begonia weddelliana A.DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV (11): 122 (1859).    – Type: Bolivia, [La Paz Department], Prov. Yungas, xii 1846, H.A. Weddell 4294 (lectotype P [P00482210, photograph F#38534] designated in: Revista Univ. (Cuzco) 33(87): 76 (1944) by Smith, L.B. & Schubert, B.G.; isolectotype G-DC ex P).
 L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Revista Univ. (Cuzco) 33(87): 76 (1944); R.C. Foster, Contr. Gray Herb. 184: 138 (1958); M.C. Tebbitt, Brittonia 65(2): 145 (2013); D.C. Wasshausen et al. in P.M. JØrgensen et al. (eds), Cat. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 129: 386 (2013); M.C. Tebbitt, Tuberous Begonias, a Monograph of Begonia sect. Australes 138 (2020).
 Begonia davisii Hook.f., Bot. Mag. 102, pl. 6252 (1876). – Type: Plate in J. D. Hooker, Bot. Mag., 93., t. 5680 (1867) (lectotype designated in: Brittonia 65: 145 (2013) by Tebbitt, M.C.).
L.B. Smith & B.G. Schubert, Revista Univ. (Cuzco) 33(87): 76 (1944); R.C. Foster, Contr. Gray Herb. 184: 137 (1958); M.C. Tebbitt, Brittonia 65(2): 145 (2013).
 Distribution. Endemic to Bolivia and La Paz Department.
 Nomenclatural notes. The protologue of this species stated only that it was based on material collected by Weddell. Smith & Schubert (1944a) cited the type as H.A. Weddell 4294 in Paris, which is an effective lectotypification.
 Identification notes. Begonia weddelliana is one of two species of Begonia whose filaments are attached to the back of the anthers rather than to the base, sharing this character with B. herrerae. Both species have red-orange tepals with acute apices, but the margins of these tepals are entire in Begonia weddelliana rather than serrate, as in B. herrerae.
description: Published as part of Moonlight, Peter & Fuentes, Alfredo F., 2022, AN UPDATED CHECKLIST AND KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BOLIVIAN BEGONIA, INCLUDING ONE NEW SPECIES, pp. 1-66 in Edinburgh Journal of Botany 79 (407) on page 16, DOI: 10.24823/EJB.2022.407, http://zenodo.org/record/10553332
Homological Filling Functions with Coefficients
Creators: name: Li, Xingzhe
name: Manin, Fedor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65 (57M07)

description: How hard is it to fill a loop in a Cayley graph with an unoriented surface? Following a comment of Gromov in "Asymptotic invariants of infinite groups", we define homological filling functions of groups with coefficients in a group $R$. Our main theorem is that the coefficients make a difference. That is, for every $n \geq 1$ and every pair of coefficient groups $A, B \in \{\mathbb{Z},\mathbb{Q}\} \cup \{\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z} : p\text{ prime}\}$, there is a group whose filling functions for $n$-cycles with coefficients in $A$ and $B$ have different asymptotic behavior.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Berry phase in superconducting multiterminal quantum dots
Creators: name: Doucot, Benoit
name: Danneau, Romain
name: Yang, Kang
name: Caputo, Jean-Guy
name: Mélin, Régis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the study of the non-trivial Berry phase in superconducting multiterminal quantum dots biased at commensurate voltages. Starting with the time-periodic Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, we obtain a tight binding model in the Floquet space, and we solve these equations in the semiclassical limit. We observe that the parameter space defined by the contact transparencies and quartet phase splits into two components with a non-trivial Berry phase. We use the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization to calculate the Berry phase. We find that if the quantum dot level sits at zero energy, then the Berry phase takes the values $φ_B=0$ or $φ_B=π$. We demonstrate that this non-trivial Berry phase can be observed by tunneling spectroscopy in the Floquet spectra. Consequently, the Floquet-Wannier-Stark ladder spectra of superconducting multiterminal quantum dots are shifted by half-a-period if $φ_B=π$. Our numerical calculations based on Keldysh Green's functions show that this Berry phase spectral shift can be observed from the quantum dot tunneling density of states.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Supplemental Material as ancillary file (3 pages, 5 figures), manuscript in final form
Additional file 7 of Access to inpatient palliative care among cancer patients in France: an analysis based on the national cancer cohort
Creators: name: Janah, Asmaa
name: Bihan-Benjamin, Christine Le
name: Mancini, Julien
name: Anne-Déborah Bouhnik
name: Philippe-Jean Bousquet
name: Marc-Karim Bendiane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7. Kaplan–Meier curves of the cumulative probability of PC access by deprivation level.
title: Polygonatum verticillatum
title: Quirlblättrige Weißwurz (Polygonatum verticillatum)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 3 Bilder des Quirlblättrigen Weißwurzes.
Thermodynamic precision in the nonequilibrium exchange scenario
Creators: name: Farina, Donato
name: Benazout, Bilal
name: Centrone, Federico
name: Acin, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss exchange scenario's thermodynamic uncertainty relations for the work done on a two-qubit entangled nonequilibrium steady state obtained by coupling the two qubits and putting each of them in weak contact with a thermal bath. In this way we investigate the use of entangled nonequilibrium steady states as end-points of thermodynamic cycles. In this framework, we prove analytically that for a paradigmatic unitary it is possible to construct an exchange scenario's thermodynamic uncertainty relation. However, despite holding in many cases, we also show that such relation ceases to be valid when considering other suitable unitary quenches. Furthermore, this paradigmatic example allows us to shed light on the role of the entanglement between the two qubits for precise work absorption. By considering the projection of the entangled steady state onto the set of separable states, we provide examples where such projection implies an increase of the relative uncertainty, showing the usefulness of entanglement.
description: Comments welcome
Begonia bracteosa A. DC
Creators: name: Moonlight, Peter
name: Fuentes, Alfredo F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Cucurbitales
Begoniaceae
Begonia
Begonia bracteosa

description: 2.13.Begonia bracteosa A.DC., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV(11): 132 (1859).
 – Type: Peru, sine loc., Unknown s.n. (holotype K [K000536745]).
 D.C. Wasshausen et al. in P.M. JØrgensen et al. (eds), Cat. Bolivia, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 129: 383 (2013) pro parte.
 Distribution. Peru and Bolivia.
 Identification notes. Begonia bracteosa is a widespread species in Peru and has been rarely collected in northern Bolivia. It is recognised as the only species in Bolivia with two tepals on pistillate flowers and transversely ovate leaves.
description: Published as part of Moonlight, Peter & Fuentes, Alfredo F., 2022, AN UPDATED CHECKLIST AND KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BOLIVIAN BEGONIA, INCLUDING ONE NEW SPECIES, pp. 1-66 in Edinburgh Journal of Botany 79 (407) on page 18, DOI: 10.24823/EJB.2022.407, http://zenodo.org/record/10553332
title: Ornithogalum umbellatum
title: Dolden-Milchstern (Ornithogalum umbellatum)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 3 Bilder des Dolden-Milchsterns.
New bounds on the size of Nearly Perfect Matchings in almost regular hypergraphs
Creators: name: Kang, Dong Yeap
name: Kühn, Daniela
name: Methuku, Abhishek
name: Osthus, Deryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $H$ be a $k$-uniform $D$-regular simple hypergraph on $N$ vertices. Based on an analysis of the Rödl nibble, Alon, Kim and Spencer (1997) proved that if $k \ge 3$, then $H$ contains a matching covering all but at most $ND^{-1/(k-1)+o(1)}$ vertices, and asked whether this bound is tight. In this paper we improve their bound by showing that for all $k > 3$, $H$ contains a matching covering all but at most $ND^{-1/(k-1)-η}$ vertices for some $η= Θ(k^{-3}) > 0$, when $N$ and $D$ are sufficiently large. Our approach consists of showing that the Rödl nibble process not only constructs a large matching but it also produces many well-distributed `augmenting stars' which can then be used to significantly improve the matching constructed by the Rödl nibble process. Based on this, we also improve the results of Kostochka and Rödl (1998) and Vu (2000) on the size of matchings in almost regular hypergraphs with small codegree. As a consequence, we improve the best known bounds on the size of large matchings in combinatorial designs with general parameters. Finally, we improve the bounds of Molloy and Reed (2000) on the chromatic index of hypergraphs with small codegree (which can be applied to improve the best known bounds on the chromatic index of Steiner triple systems and more general designs).
description: 36 pages, 2 figures
Elliptic hypergeometric series on root systems
Creators: name: Rosengren, Hjalmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33D67; 11F50

description: We derive a number of summation and transformation formulas for elliptic hypergeometric series on the root systems A_n, C_n and D_n. In the special cases of classical and q-series, our approach leads to new elementary proofs of the corresponding identities.
description: 27 pages