cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Negative Affect as Predictive of Cigarette Cessation in Dual Users of Cigarette/ENDS Over 12 Months
Creators: name: Brooks, Julia May
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Dual use of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has grown increasingly common in adults, and many smokers use ENDS as a cigarette cessation aid. However, more research is needed to understand factors predicting which smokers who try ENDS will successfully quit cigarettes. Self-report data from a sample of adult cigarette smokers who recently began using ENDS (N = 364) was collected at baseline and 12-month time points in a longitudinal observational study. Self-reported cigarette use at 12 months, with abstinence defined as no smoking for the past 7 days, was the primary outcome variable in analyses. Baseline levels of depression symptoms (CES-D), anxiety symptoms (MASQ), and negative affect expectancies for smoking were entered as predictors, with baseline nicotine dependence for cigarettes (NDSS), motivation to quit, age, race/ethnicity, rate of cigarette smoking at baseline, and ENDS usage at baseline and 12 months as covariates. Interactions between CES-D, MASQ, and negative affect smoking expectancies were examined. No baseline mood variables (CES-D, MASQ, and negative affect smoking expectancies), were significantly associated with stopping smoking at 12 months. Negative affect expectancies for smoking did not moderate relationships between anxiety or depression and quitting. Baseline nicotine dependence for cigarettes, gender, and race/ethnicity significantly predicted the likelihood of cigarette cessation. Therefore, depression, anxiety, and negative affect smoking expectancies traditionally predictive of quitting success in conventional smoking did not predict cigarette cessation in a sample of non-treatment seeking dual users over and above nicotine dependence for cigarettes, gender, and race/ethnicity. Further investigation is needed to understand whether and how negative affect impacts cigarette cessation in dual users.
Non-equilibrium phase transition in negotiation dynamics
Creators: name: Baronchelli, A.
name: Dall'Asta, L.
name: Barrat, A.
name: Loreto, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We introduce a model of negotiation dynamics whose aim is that of mimicking the mechanisms leading to opinion and convention formation in a population of individuals. The negotiation process, as opposed to ``herding-like'' or ``bounded confidence'' driven processes, is based on a microscopic dynamics where memory and feedback play a central role. Our model displays a non-equilibrium phase transition from an absorbing state in which all agents reach a consensus to an active stationary state characterized either by polarization or fragmentation in clusters of agents with different opinions. We show the exystence of at least two different universality classes, one for the case with two possible opinions and one for the case with an unlimited number of opinions. The phase transition is studied analytically and numerically for various topologies of the agents' interaction network. In both cases the universality classes do not seem to depend on the specific interaction topology, the only relevant feature being the total number of different opinions ever present in the system.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Dwight Eisenhower's leadership during the U-2 Affair
Creators: name: Malone, Gavin J.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: Dwight D. Eisenhower
U-2 affair
leadership style

description: Most assessments of President Eisenhower's foreign policy concentrate on the idea of deterrence as illustrated by the ''New Look" policy and the president's relationship with Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. Instead, this essay examines the most controversial event of his last year in office: the U-2 affair. It demonstrated the inconsistency of his detached and engaged styles of leadership. Eisenhower's approach led to a number of mistakes that cost him an opportunity to achieve his primary foreign policy goal of permanently improving America's relationship with the Soviet Union.
IV
Materials In Paintings (MIP): An interdisciplinary dataset for perception, art history, and computer vision
Creators: name: van Zuijlen, Mitchell J. P.
name: Lin, Hubert
name: Bala, Kavita
name: Pont, Sylvia C.
name: Wijntjes, Maarten W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A painter is free to modify how components of a natural scene are depicted, which can lead to a perceptually convincing image of the distal world. This signals a major difference between photos and paintings: paintings are explicitly created for human perception. Studying these painterly depictions could be beneficial to a multidisciplinary audience. In this paper, we capture and explore the painterly depictions of materials to enable the study of depiction and perception of materials through the artists' eye. We annotated a dataset of 19k paintings with 200k+ bounding boxes from which polygon segments were automatically extracted. Each bounding box was assigned a coarse label (e.g., fabric) and a fine-grained label (e.g., velvety, silky). We demonstrate the cross-disciplinary utility of our dataset by presenting novel findings across art history, human perception, and computer vision. Our experiments include analyzing the distribution of materials depicted in paintings, showing how painters create convincing depictions using a stylized approach, and demonstrating how paintings can be used to build more robust computer vision models. We conclude that our dataset of painterly material depictions is a rich source for gaining insights into the depiction and perception of materials across multiple disciplines. The MIP dataset is freely accessible at https://materialsinpaintings.tudelft.nl
Perceptimatic: A human speech perception benchmark for unsupervised subword modelling
Creators: name: Millet, Juliette
name: Dunbar, Ewan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a data set and methods to compare speech processing models and human behaviour on a phone discrimination task. We provide Perceptimatic, an open data set which consists of French and English speech stimuli, as well as the results of 91 English- and 93 French-speaking listeners. The stimuli test a wide range of French and English contrasts, and are extracted directly from corpora of natural running read speech, used for the 2017 Zero Resource Speech Challenge. We provide a method to compare humans' perceptual space with models' representational space, and we apply it to models previously submitted to the Challenge. We show that, unlike unsupervised models and supervised multilingual models, a standard supervised monolingual HMM-GMM phone recognition system, while good at discriminating phones, yields a representational space very different from that of human native listeners.
Intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic metals studied by the multi d-orbital tight-binding model
Creators: name: Kontani, H.
name: Tanaka, T.
name: Yamada, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To elucidate the origin of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in ferromagnetic transition metals, we study the intrinsic AHE based on a multi-orbital (xz,yz)-tight-binding model. We find that a large anomalous velocity comes from the off-diagonal (inter-orbital) hopping. By this reason, the present model shows a large intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) which is compatible with typical experimental values in ferromagnets [100-1000 [1/Ωcm]], without necessity to assume a special band structure at the Fermi level. In good metals where resistivity ρis small, the intrinsic AHC is constant (dissipation-less) as found by Karplus and Luttinger. In bad metals, however, we find that the AHC is proportional to ρ^{-2} when \hbar/2τis larger than the minimum band-splitting measured from the Fermi level. This crossover behavior of the intrinsic AHE, which was first derived in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 63 (1994) 2627, is recently observed in various ferromagnetic metals universally by A. Asamitsu et al. We also stress that the present (xz,yz)-tight binding model shows a huge spin Hall effect in a paramagnetic state.
description: 13 pages, to be published in Phys. Rev. B (2007)
Probing Allosteric Communication Between Disordered Surfaces in a Protein
Creators: name: Cressman, William John
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics
subject: allostery
subject: communication
subject: disorder
subject: glycine

description: Molecular mechanisms of protein allostery are not well understood, particularly in those systems that undergo disorder to order transitions upon activation. BirA, an E.coli metabolic enzyme and transcriptional repressor, is a model allosteric protein in which corepressor, bio-5’-AMP, binding enhances dimerization by -4 kcal/mol and is coupled to disordered loop folding on both functional surfaces. In this work, BirA variants with single alanine substitutions in dimerization surface residues are investigated to further characterize communication between the two sites. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements of corepressor binding of these BirA variants indicate only the G142A substitution perturbs the Gibbs free energy of binding. The G142A crystal structure indicates a mechanism of communication from the corepressor binding to the dimerization surface involving α-helical extension of residues 143-146. Measurements of the heat capacity changes associated with corepressor binding to the BirA variants support a model in which the helical extension enhances dimerization by enabling the formation of a network of intramolecular interactions on the dimerization surface.
Etude philologique de deux chansons du trouvere Raoul de Soissons
Creators: name: Hardy, Ineke
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Le trouvère picard Raoul de Soissons, né vers 1215 et mort avant 1276, nous a laissé douze chansons d'amour et un jeu-parti. La seule édition de son oeuvre fut publiée par Emil Winkler en 1914. Cet ouvrage, malgré son apport indéniable surtout sur le plan historique, comporte certaines lacunes: l'auteur ne traite ni de l'aspect linguistique ni des mélodies. Les caractéristiques paléographiques ne sont pas mentionnées, et l'auteur ne se penche pas non plus sur la versification et les dimensions intertextuelles. De plus, son approche, selon la méthode du choix d'un seul manuscrit de base, est peu systématique. Le mémoire de maîtrise d'A. Gauthier: "Trois chansons de Raoul de Soissons, trouvère du XIIIe siecle", remis en 1989, ne comporte pas non plus d'analyses stylistiques, et le choix des chansons soulève des questions par rapport aux attributions. Dans l'étude qui suit, nous espérons combler quelques-unes de ces lacunes. La première partie fournira, outre quelques remarques au sujet de l'attribution et des observations biographiques qui complémentent celles données par M. Winkler, une analyse de la versification de l'oeuvre entière de Raoul, et une description des manuscrits qui renferment les deux chansons choisies. Par ailleurs, nous offrirons quelques observations par rapport a l'édition des textes lyriques du Moyen Age et au sujet du contrafactum médiéval. La deuxième partie comportera tout d'abord des éditions diplomatiques de l'ensemble des leçons manuscrites, ainsi que l'établissement du texte des deux chansons. Ensuite, nous étudierons des aspects de la stylistique et de l'intertextualité, tenant compte des rapports entre structure et sens, le cas échéant. L'emploi du logiciel TACT nous permettra de répérer des liens sémantiques, importants au niveau intertextuel. Nos analyses nous aideront a mieux situer Raoul de Soissons, trouvère peu étudié dont les chansons font preuve d'un maniement savant des techniques formelles et stylistiques peut-être comparable a celui que l’on accorde au "Prince des poètes": Thibaut de Champagne, ami et confrère de Raoul.
Remarkable migration of the solar system from the innermost Galactic disk; a wander, a wobble, and a climate catastrophe on the Earth
Creators: name: Tsujimoto, Takuji
name: Baba, Junichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent knowledge of Galactic dynamics suggests that stars radially move on the disk when they encounter transient spiral arms that are naturally generated during the process of disk formation. We argue that a large movement of the solar system from the innermost disk over its lifetime is inferred from a comparison of the solar composition with those of solar twins within the Galactic chemical evolution framework. The implied metal-rich environment at the Sun's birthplace and formation time is supported by measured silicon isotopic ratios in presolar silicon carbide grains. We perform numerical simulations of the dynamical evolution of disk stars in a Milky Way-like galaxy to identify the lifetime trajectory of the solar system. We find that a solar system born in the proximity of the Galactic bulge could travel to the current locus by the effect of radial migration induced by several major encounters with spiral arms. The frequent feature we identify is the repeated passages of stars inside the same spiral arm owing to the wobble of stars traveling in and out of the spiral arms. We predict that such episodes are evidenced in the Earth's geological history as snowball Earth and that their occurrence times are within our prediction. In particular, the stellar motion that vertically oscillates during passages through spiral arms occasionally leads to a split into two discrete passage episodes with an interval of several tens of Myr, implying two relevant snowball Earth events that occurred in rapid succession (~7.2 and 6.5 hundred Myr ago).
description: 7 pages including 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The Asymmetric Thermal Emission of Protoplanetary Disk Surrounding HD 142527 Seen by Subaru/COMICS
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Hideaki
name: Honda, Mitsuhiko
name: Kataza, Hirokazu
name: Yamashita, Takuya
name: Onaka, Takashi
name: Fukagawa, Misato
name: Okamoto, Yoshiko K.
name: Miyata, Takashi
name: Sako, Shigeyuki
name: Fujiyoshi, Takuya
name: Sakon, Itsuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mid-infrared (MIR) images of the Herbig Ae star HD 142527 were obtained at 18.8 and 24.5 micron with the Subaru/COMICS. Bright extended arc-like emission (outer disk) is recognized at r=0.85" together with a strong central source (inner disk) and a gap around r=0.6" in the both images. Thermal emission of the eastern side is much brighter than that of the western side in the MIR. We estimate the dust size as a few micron from the observed color of the extended emission and the distance from the star. The dust temperature T and the optical depth tau of the MIR emitting dust are also derived from the two images as T=82+/-1K, tau=0.052+/-0.001 for the eastern side and T=85+/-3K, tau=0.018+/-0.001 for the western side. The observed asymmetry in the brightness can be attributed to the difference in the optical depth of the MIR emitting dust. To account for the present observations, we propose an inclined disk model, in which the outer disk is inclined along the east-west direction with the eastern side being in the far side and the inner rim of the outer disk in the eatern side is exposed directly to us. The proposed model can successfully account for the MIR observations as well as near-infrared (NIR) images of the scattering light, in which the asymmetry is seen in the opposite sense and the forward scattering light (near side -- western side) is brighter.
description: 5 figures, published in ApJ Letters
Supersymmetric Standard Model from the Heterotic String (II)
Creators: name: Buchmuller, Wilfried
name: Hamaguchi, Koichi
name: Lebedev, Oleg
name: Ratz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We desribe in detail a Z_6 orbifold compactification of the heterotic E_8 x E_8 string which leads to the (supersymmetric) standard model gauge group and matter content. The quarks and leptons appear as three 16-plets of SO(10), two of which are localized at fixed points with local SO(10) symmetry. The model has supersymmetric vacua without exotics at low energies and is consistent with gauge coupling unification. Supersymmetry can be broken via gaugino condensation in the hidden sector. The model has large vacuum degeneracy. Certain vacua with approximate B-L symmetry have attractive phenomenological features. The top quark Yukawa coupling arises from gauge interactions and is of the order of the gauge couplings. The other Yukawa couplings are suppressed by powers of standard model singlet fields, similarly to the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism.
description: to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Materials Fingerprinting Classification
Creators: name: Spannaus, Adam
name: Law, Kody J. H.
name: Luszczek, Piotr
name: Nasrin, Farzana
name: Micucci, Cassie Putman
name: Liaw, Peter K.
name: Santodonato, Louis J.
name: Keffer, David J.
name: Maroulas, Vasileios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Significant progress in many classes of materials could be made with the availability of experimentally-derived large datasets composed of atomic identities and three-dimensional coordinates. Methods for visualizing the local atomic structure, such as atom probe tomography (APT), which routinely generate datasets comprised of millions of atoms, are an important step in realizing this goal. However, state-of-the-art APT instruments generate noisy and sparse datasets that provide information about elemental type, but obscure atomic structures, thus limiting their subsequent value for materials discovery. The application of a materials fingerprinting process, a machine learning algorithm coupled with topological data analysis, provides an avenue by which here-to-fore unprecedented structural information can be extracted from an APT dataset. As a proof of concept, the material fingerprint is applied to high-entropy alloy APT datasets containing body-centered cubic (BCC) and face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structures. A local atomic configuration centered on an arbitrary atom is assigned a topological descriptor, with which it can be characterized as a BCC or FCC lattice with near perfect accuracy, despite the inherent noise in the dataset. This successful identification of a fingerprint is a crucial first step in the development of algorithms which can extract more nuanced information, such as chemical ordering, from existing datasets of complex materials.
X-ray spectral properties of high-redshift radio-loud quasars beyond redshift 4--first results
Creators: name: Yuan, W.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Worsley, M. A.
name: McMahon, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) We firstly present the results of X-ray spectroscopic observations with XMM-Newton for four high-redshift radio-loud quasars at z>4. These observations more than double the number of z>4 radio-loud quasars having X-ray spectroscopic data to seven, which compose a significant subset of a flux-limited sample of z>4 radio-loud quasars. Based on this subset we show some preliminary results on the overall X-ray spectral properties of the sample. Soft X-ray spectral flattening, which is thought to arise from intrinsic X-ray absorption, was found in about half of the sample. We give a preliminary distribution of the absorption column density NH. For those with detected X-ray absorption, the derived NH values fall into a very narrow range (around a few times 10^(22)cm^(-2) for `cold' absorption), suggesting a possible common origin of the absorber. Compared to lower-redshift samples at z<2, there is an extension, or a systematic shift, toward higher values in the intrinsic NH distribution at z>4, and an increase of the fraction of radio-loud quasars showing X-ray absorption toward high redshifts. These results indicate a cosmic evolution effect, which seems to be the strongest at redshifts around 2. The rest frame 1-50keV continua have photon indices with a mean of 1.64 and a standard deviation of 0.11. Variability appears to be common on timescales from a few months to years in the quasar rest-frame, sometimes in both fluxes and spectral slopes.
description: 9 pages; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Multiparameter Quantum Estimation Theory in Quantum Gaussian states
Creators: name: Bakmou, Lahcen
name: Daoud, Mohammed
name: laamara, Rachid ahl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiparameter quantum estimation theory aims to determine simultaneously the ultimate precision of all parameters contained in the state of a given quantum system. Determining this ultimate precision depends on the quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIM) which is essential to obtaining the quantum Cramér-Rao bound. This is the main motivation of this work which concerns the computation of the analytical expression of the QFIM. Inspired by the results reported in J. Phys. A 52, 035304 (2019), the general formalism of the multiparameter quantum estimation theory of quantum Gaussian states in terms of their first and second moments are given. We give the analytical formulas of right logarithmic derivative (RLD) and symmetric logarithmic derivative (SLD) operators. Then we derive the general expressions of the corresponding quantum Fisher information matrices. We also derive an explicit expression of the condition which ensures the saturation of the quantum Cramér-Rao bound in estimating several parameters. Finally, we examine some examples to clarify the use of our results
A non-Hopfian almost convex group
Creators: name: Elder, Murray J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65

description: In this article we prove that an "isometric multiple HNN-extension" of a group satisfying the falsification by fellow traveler property is almost convex. As a corollary, Wise's example of a CAT(0) non-Hopfian group is Almost convex.
description: Appeared in 2004. I am putting all my past papers on arxiv
Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry with Direct Extraction of a Uranium Plasma
Creators: name: Thompson, James O. F.
name: Alavi, S. Tahereh
name: Walensky, Justin R.
name: Suits, Arthur G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a Wiley-McClaren Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer modified to allow direct extraction of ions from a laser-induced plasma. Unlike many other methods that utilize mass spectrometry to investigate laser-induced plasmas, no collisional cooling or further ionization of the plasma is required prior to acceleration, allowing measurements of the plasma ion composition to be obtained directly. Furthermore, we show using the laser ablation of gadolinium as an example that we are able to obtain the translational energy distribution of the plasma directly and infer information about the relative composition of ions within different regions of the plasma plume. The approach is then applied to laser ablation of a uranium sample as a step toward probing the chemistry under conditions relevant to a nuclear fireball for nuclear forensics applications.
The 0 and the pi phase Josephson coupling through an insulating barrier with magnetic impurities
Creators: name: Vavra, O.
name: Gazi, S.
name: Golubovic, D. S.
name: Vavra, I.
name: Derer, J.
name: Verbeeck, J.
name: Van Tendeloo, G.
name: Moshchalkov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied temperature and field dependencies of the critical current $I_{C}$ in the Nb-Fe$_{0.1}$Si$_{0.9}$-Nb Josephson junction with tunneling barrier formed by paramagnetic insulator. We demonstrate that in these junctions the co-existence of both the 0 and the $π$ states within one tunnel junction takes place which leads to the appearance of a sharp cusp in the temperature dependence $I_{C}(T)$ similar to the $I_{C}(T)$ cusp found for the $0-π$ transition in metallic $π$ junctions. This cusp is not related to the $0-π$ temperature induced transition itself, but is caused by the different temperature dependencies of the opposing 0 and $π$ supercurrents through the barrier.
description: Accepted in Physical Review B
In-plasma study of opacity relevant for compact binary ejecta
Creators: name: Pidatella, Angelo
name: Cristallo, Sergio
name: Galatà, Alessio
name: La Cognata, Marco
name: Mazzaglia, Maria
name: Perego, Albino
name: Spartà, Roberta
name: Tumino, Aurora
name: Vescovi, Diego
name: Mascali, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of the INFN project PANDORA_Gr3 (Plasma for Astrophysics, Nuclear Decays Observation and Radiation for Archaeometry) and of multi-messenger astronomy, we propose a feasibility study for in-laboratory plasma's opacity investigation, in an environment resembling thermodynamic conditions typical of the ejecta of compact binary mergers containing at least a neutron star. We aim to advance knowledge on the physics of kilonovae, the electromagnetic transients following a merger, which are relevant for the study of the origin of heavy nuclei in the Universe produced via r-process nucleosynthesis. In this paper, we present preliminary results of numerical simulations for some physics cases considered in the light of a possible experimental setup for future in-laboratory opacity spectroscopic measurements.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Invited by S.I.F. to appear in Nuovo Cimento C
${\cal N}=2$ Supersymmetric Partially Massless Fields and Non-Unitary Superconformal Representations
Creators: name: Bittermann, Noah
name: Garcia-Saenz, Sebastian
name: Hinterbichler, Kurt
name: Rosen, Rachel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find and classify the simplest ${\cal N}=2$ SUSY multiplets on AdS$_4$ which contain partially massless fields. We do this by studying representations of the ${\cal N}=2$, $d=3$ superconformal algebra of the boundary, including new shortening conditions that arise in the non-unitary regime. Unlike the ${\cal N}=1$ case, the simplest ${\cal N}=2$ multiplet containing a partially massless spin-2 is short, containing several exotic fields. More generally, we argue that ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetry allows for short multiplets that contain partially massless spin-$s$ particles of depth $t=s-2$.
description: 62 pages, 6 tables, 11 figures
On the regularization of Lifshitz-type field theories
Creators: name: Bonanno, Alfio
name: Park, Miok
name: Rachwał, Lesław
name: Zappalà, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Lifshitz-type scalar theories with explicit breaking of the Lorentz symmetry that, in addition, exhibit anisotropic scaling laws near the ultraviolet fixed point. Using the proper time regularization method on the spatial coordinates only, we derive the regularized form of the one-loop effective potential in such theories. We study the main features of the one-loop effective potential and, also, the RG flow of the scale-dependent potential both in the IR and UV regimes. The beta functions for the couplings are derived.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
title: Soziodemographische Standarditems und -variablen: Haushaltsgröße
Creators: name: Schneider, S.
name: Solanes Ros, I.
name: Palm, L.
name: Müller, S.
Publisher: name: ZIS - GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Standardisierung
subject: Standarditems
subject: Standardvariablen
subject: Soziodemographie
subject: Haushaltsgröße
subject: Privathaushalt sociodemographics
subject: standardisation
subject: standard items
subject: standard variables
subject: household size
subject: private household

description: Die Haushaltsgröße ist eines der am häufigsten erhobenen Haushaltsmerkmale. Es dient häufig der Normierung anderer haushaltsbezogener Merkmale, um diese auf Personenebene vergleichen zu können. So kann beispielsweise das Haushaltsnettoeinkommen zu einem Pro-Kopf-Einkommen umgerechnet werden. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass sich das Verständnis, was einen Haushalt ausmacht, von Person zu Person (und zwischen Kulturen) stark unterscheiden kann. Die amtliche Definition des privaten Haushalts ist für Befragte in bestimmten Haushaltskonstellationen (z.B. Wohngemeinschaften) nur schwer verständlich und umsetzbar. Auch international werden unterschiedliche Definitionen eingesetzt, was Vergleiche über Datenquellen hinweg erschwert.
description: Zusammenstellung sozialwissenschaftlicher Items und Skalen (ZIS)
Supersymmteric Null-like Holographic Cosmologies
Creators: name: Lin, Feng-Li
name: Wen, Wen-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a new class of 1/4-BPS time dependent domain-wall solutions with null-like metric and dilaton in type II supergravities, which admit a null-like big bang singularity. Based on the domain-wall/QFT correspondence, these solutions are dual to 1/4-supersymmetric quantum field theories living on a boundary cosmological background with time dependent coupling constant and UV cutoff. In particular we evaluate the holographic $c$ function for the 2-dimensional dual field theory living on the corresponding null-like cosmology. We find that this $c$ function runs in accordance with the $c$-theorem as the boundary universe evolves, this means that the number of degrees of freedom is divergent at big bang and suggests the possible resolution of big bang singularity.
description: 26 pages;v2 references added
In search of accommodation: responding to aboriginal nationalism in Canada
Creators: name: Didluck, David Lucien
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Increasingly, nationalist ideals are being applied by large numbers of politically unrecognized or unsatisfied ethnic communities. The appearance of movements demanding ethnic autonomy in a number of different states worldwide has helped to renew scholarly interest in nationalism. Even in Canada, there was a sharp rise in the political acumen and influence of Aboriginal groups. The resurgence of ethnic nationalism has, indeed, become one of the most striking political developments in recent decades. As a result of these events, questions are being raised about how the relationships between Aboriginal peoples and Canadian governments and society should be structured. At issue are the challenges that ethnicity and nationalism pose. Yet in spite of a genuine willingness amongst a majority of Canadians to reevaluate their place in Canadian society, Aboriginal nationalist assertions have remained largely understudied by students of nationalism. A new understanding of the roots, goals, and internal particularities of these unique ethnic movements is needed. From a survey of the scholarly literature of nationalism and Aboriginal peoples in , Canada, new conceptualizations of ethnic nationalism must be developed, ones which recognize that not all forms of assertion are destructive and dismembering to the larger political community. If Canadians are to find meaningful ways of accommodating these challenges, then incentives must be found and mechanisms developed to both preserve the wider unity of the state and help facilitate the autonomous development of Aboriginal nationalist communities. Recognizing that there are multiple ways of belonging to Canada and realizing Aboriginal self-government are such forms of accommodation.
Apertif view of the OH Megamaser IRAS 10597+5926: OH 18 cm satellite lines in wide-area HI surveys
Creators: name: Hess, Kelley M.
name: Roberts, H.
name: Dénes, H.
name: Adebahr, B.
name: Darling, J.
name: Adams, E. A. K.
name: de Blok, W. J. G.
name: Kutkin, A.
name: Lucero, D. M.
name: Morganti, Raffaella
name: Moss, V. A.
name: Oosterloo, T. A.
name: Schulz, R.
name: van der Hulst, J. M.
name: Coolen, A. H. W. M.
name: Damstra, S.
name: Ivashina, M.
name: Loose, G. Marcel
name: Maan, Yogesh
name: Mika, Á.
name: Mulder, H.
name: Norden, M. J.
name: Oostrum, L. C.
name: Ruiter, M.
name: van Leeuwen, Joeri
name: Vermaas, N. J.
name: Vohl, D.
name: Wijnholds, S. J.
name: Ziemke, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the serendipitous detection of the two main OH maser lines at 1667 and 1665 MHz associated with IRAS 10597+5926 at z = 0.19612 in the untargeted Apertif Wide-area Extragalactic Survey (AWES), and the subsequent measurement of the OH 1612 MHz satellite line in the same source. With a total OH luminosity of log(L/L_Sun) = 3.90 +/- 0.03, IRAS 10597+5926 is the fourth brightest OH megamaser (OHM) known. We measure a lower limit for the 1667/1612 ratio of R_1612 > 45.9 which is the highest limiting ratio measured for the 1612 MHz OH satellite line to date. OH satellite line measurements provide a potentially valuable constraint by which to compare detailed models of OH maser pumping mechanisms. Optical imaging shows the galaxy is likely a late-stage merger. Based on published infrared and far ultraviolet fluxes, we find that the galaxy is an ultra luminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) with log(L_TIR/L_Sun) = 12.24, undergoing a star burst with an estimated star formation rate of 179 +/- 40 M_Sun/yr. These host galaxy properties are consistent with the physical conditions responsible for very bright OHM emission. Finally, we provide an update on the predicted number of OH masers that may be found in AWES, and estimate the total number of OH masers that will be detected in each of the individual main and satellite OH 18 cm lines.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
The influence of infall on the properties of protoplanetary discs
Creators: name: Schib, O.
name: Mordasini, C.
name: Wenger, N.
name: Marleau, G. -D.
name: Helled, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a population synthesis of protoplanetary discs including infall with a total of $50\,000$ simulations using a 1D vertically integrated viscous evolution code, studying a large parameter space in final stellar mass. Initial conditions and infall locations are chosen based on the results from a radiation-hydrodynamic population synthesis of circumstellar discs. We also consider a different infall prescription based on a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) collapse simulation in order to assess the influence of magnetic fields on disc formation. The duration of the infall phase is chosen to produce a stellar mass distribution in agreement with the observationally determined stellar initial mass function. We find that protoplanetary discs are very massive early in their lives. When averaged over the entire stellar population, the discs have masses of $\sim 0.3$ and $0.1\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ for systems based on hydrodynamic or MHD initial conditions, respectively. In systems with final stellar mass $\sim 1\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$, we find disc masses of $\sim 0.7\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ for the `hydro' case and $\sim 0.2\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ for the `MHD' case at the end of the infall phase. Furthermore, the inferred total disc lifetimes are long, $\approx 5-7\,\mathrm{Myr}$ on average, despite our choice of a high value of $10^{-2}$ for the background viscosity $α$-parameter. In addition, fragmentation is common in systems that are simulated using hydrodynamic cloud collapse, with more fragments of larger mass formed in more massive systems. In contrast, if disc formation is limited by magnetic fields, fragmentation is suppressed entirely.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures. Accepted to A&A
The Zero Resource Speech Challenge 2020: Discovering discrete subword and word units
Creators: name: Dunbar, Ewan
name: Karadayi, Julien
name: Bernard, Mathieu
name: Cao, Xuan-Nga
name: Algayres, Robin
name: Ondel, Lucas
name: Besacier, Laurent
name: Sakti, Sakriani
name: Dupoux, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present the Zero Resource Speech Challenge 2020, which aims at learning speech representations from raw audio signals without any labels. It combines the data sets and metrics from two previous benchmarks (2017 and 2019) and features two tasks which tap into two levels of speech representation. The first task is to discover low bit-rate subword representations that optimize the quality of speech synthesis; the second one is to discover word-like units from unsegmented raw speech. We present the results of the twenty submitted models and discuss the implications of the main findings for unsupervised speech learning.
Magnetic-field-induced binding of few-electron systems in shallow quantum dots
Creators: name: Szafran, B.
name: Bednarek, S.
name: Peeters, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binding of few-electron systems in two-dimensional potential cavities in the presence of an external magnetic field is studied with the exact diagonalization approach. We demonstrate that for shallow cavities the few-electron system becomes bound only under the application of a strong magnetic field. The critical value of the depth of the cavity allowing the formation of a bound state decreases with magnetic field in a non-smooth fashion, due to the increasing angular momentum of the first bound state. In the high magnetic field limit the binding energies and the critical values for the depth of the potential cavity allowing the formation of a bound system tend to the classical values.
Perceptions of the Transition to Adulthood for Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Young Black Men
Creators: name: Golojuch, Laura
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social research
subject: adultification
subject: adverse childhood experience
subject: life course
subject: socioeconomically disadvantage
subject: transition to adulthood
subject: trauma

description: The transition to adulthood has drastically changed in the last half century, with more young people delaying and remaking traditional markers of adulthood.  Young Black men from socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts, due to experiences of early trauma and adultification and sociostructural barriers to these markers, such as limited job opportunities and racial discrimination, are uniquely situated and may have very different pathways to adulthood than their middle class peers.

	The present study utilized semi-structured interviews to explore the lived experiences of young Black men (n=21) in the transition to adulthood.  Drawing on a life course perspective and utilizing a modified grounded theory methodology, the study examines how early experiences of trauma and adultification, as well as individual’s perceptions of adulthood, shaped the transition to adulthood.  Implications for policy and future directions are explored.
On the modeling of thermal and free carrier nonlinearities in Silicon On Insulator microring resonators
Creators: name: Borghi, Massimo
name: Bazzanella, Davide
name: Mancinelli, Mattia
name: Pavesi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temporal dynamics of integrated silicon resonators has been modeled using a set of equations coupling the internal energy, the temperature and the free carrier population. Owing to its simplicity, Newton's law of cooling is the traditional choice for describing the thermal evolution of such systems. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally prove that this can be inadequate in monolithic planar devices, leading to inaccurate predictions. A new equation, that we train to reproduce the correct temperature behaviour, is introduced to fix the discrepancies with the experimental results. We discuss the limitations and the range of validity of our refined model, identifying those cases where Netwon's law provides, nevertheless, accurate solutions. Our modeling describes the phenomena underlying thermal and free carrier instabilities, and is a valuable tool for the engineering of photonic systems which relay on resonator dynamical states, such as all optical spiking neural networks or reservoirs for neuromorphic computing.
DE-MONOPOLIZING THEATRE: FORMATION OF A SPACE OF AN INDIVIDUAL EXPRESSION IN IRAN
Creators: name: Mesgari-Houshyar, Maryam
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Theater
subject: Performing arts
subject: Middle Eastern studies
subject: De-Monopolization
subject: Independent Theatre
subject: Iran
subject: MonoLeev Festival
subject: Monologue
subject: Theatre

description: Since the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979/1357, the organization of theatre, and theatre festivals, in particular, have been subject to the control of the Islamic government. In 2008/1387, however, the Leev theatre group founded the MonoLeev Festival, Iran’s first independent theatre festival authorized by the Dramatic Art Center, the theatre branch of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. The MonoLeev Festival emerged as a result of the cultural transformations started during the Reformists era. In this study, I analyze achievements of the MonoLeev Festival in de-monopolization of the DAC’s dominance over the theatre in Iran. I investigate the scope of this de-monopolization in three main domains: the phenomenon of festival, the theatrical space, and the discourses concerning the notion of personal and political identity. Additionally, I explore how this festival connects the disintegrated spheres of public and private, in Iran.
A variational approach to the moving contact line hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Qian, Tiezheng
name: Wang, Xiao-Ping
name: Sheng, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In immiscible two-phase flows, contact line denotes the intersection of the fluid-fluid interface with the solid wall. When one fluid displaces the other, the contact line moves along the wall. A classical problem in continuum hydrodynamics is the incompatibility between the moving contact line and the no-slip boundary condition, as the latter leads to a non-integrable singularity. The recently discovered generalized Navier boundary condition (GNBC) offers an alternative to the no-slip boundary condition which can resolve the moving contact line conundrum. We present a variational derivation of the GNBC through the principle of minimum energy dissipation (entropy production), as formulated by Onsager for small perturbations away from the equilibrium. Through numerical implementation of a continuum hydrodynamic model, it is demonstrated that the GNBC can quantitatively reproduce the moving contact line slip velocity profiles obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, the transition from complete slip at the moving contact line to near-zero slip far away is shown to be governed by a power-law partial slip regime, extending to mesoscopic length scales. The sharp (fluid-fluid) interface limit of the hydrodynamic model, together with some general implications of slip versus no-slip, are discussed.
description: 44 pages, 8 figures
Quantifying scatter in galaxy formation at the lowest masses
Creators: name: Munshi, Ferah
name: Brooks, Alyson
name: Applebaum, Elaad
name: Christensen, Charlotte
name: Sligh, Jordan P.
name: Quinn, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict the stellar mass -- halo mass (SMHM) relationship for dwarf galaxies, using simulated galaxies with peak halo masses of M$_{\rm peak} = 10^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$ down into the ultra-faint dwarf range to M$_{\rm peak} =$ 10$^7$ M$_{\odot}$. Our simulated dwarfs have stellar masses of M$_{\rm star} = $ 790 M$_{\odot}$ to $8.2 \times 10^8$ M$_{\odot}$, with corresponding $V$-band magnitudes from $-2$ to $-18.5$. For M$_{\rm peak} > 10^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$, the simulated SMHM relationship agrees with literature determinations, including exhibiting a small scatter of 0.3 dex. However, the scatter in the SMHM relation increases for lower-mass halos. We first present results for well-resolved halos that contain a simulated stellar population, but recognize that whether a halo hosts a galaxy is inherently mass resolution dependent. We thus adopt a probabilistic model to populate "dark" halos below our resolution limit to predict an "intrinsic" slope and scatter for the SMHM relation. We fit linearly growing log-normal scatter in stellar mass, which grows to more than 1 dex at M$_{\rm peak}$ $=$ 10$^8$ M$_{\odot}$. At the faintest end of the SMHM relation probed by our simulations, a galaxy cannot be assigned a unique halo mass based solely on its luminosity. Instead, we provide a formula to stochastically populate low-mass halos following our results. Finally, we show that our growing log-normal scatter steepens the faint-end slope of the predicted stellar mass function.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures; submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1705.06286