cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Essays on Child Labor and Development
Creators: name: Rosales Arredondo, Irving
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Economics--Theory
subject: Child labor
subject: Child crime
subject: Economic development

description: This volume presents three research papers on child labor and economic development. In Chapter 1, we argue that blanket child labor restrictions can harm the children of developing nations even in the long run. To develop our argument, we analyze the allocation of children's time among school, work and crime within a general equilibrium model with overlapping generations. Our main insight is that the social return to child labor can be higher than its private return if laws against crime and laws promoting compulsory education are not enforced. The reason is that child labor crowds out child crime, not just schooling. The perverse long-run consequences of otherwise well-intended policies against child labor are more likely in countries with poor institutions, where property rights are insecure and the returns to schooling are low. In Chapter 2, we examine the long-run optimal policy to address the problem of child labor in developing countries. We extend the model presented in the first chapter and examine the role the imperfect enforceability of laws against crime and laws promoting compulsory schooling play in determining the long-run optimal policy. We argue that a combination of subsidies for child work and subsidies for school attendance maximizes social welfare in the long run. Such a combination of subsidies is the optimal way to reduce child labor and crime simultaneously. In Chapter 3, I explore the effect of credit market imperfections and school quality on the joint distribution of schooling, child labor and crime. I develop an overlapping generations model of endogenous growth and human capital inequality. I argue that banning child labor can harm the children living in the poorest households if the security of property rights is sufficiently poor. Furthermore, even a temporary ban on child labor can have permanent negative effects on everyone's welfare if school quality and property rights are sufficiently poor. Finally, I show that access to credit markets may have no effect on schooling decisions if the productivity of child labor is sufficiently poor. However, an increase in school quality may eliminate child labor even in the presence of credit market imperfections.
A genuine maximally seven-qubit entangled state
Creators: name: Zha, Xin-Wei
name: Song, Hai-Yang
name: Qi, Jian-Xia
name: Wang, Dong
name: Lan, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contrary to A.Borras et al.'s [1] conjecture, a genuine maximally seven-qubit entangled state is presented. We find a seven-qubit state whose marginal density matrices for subsystems of 1,2- qubits are all completely mixed and for subsystems of 3-qubits is almost completely mixed.
Kenya's Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Framework Governing the National Oil Corporation of Kenya: Transferable Lessons from Norway
Creators: name: Gichuyia, Monah Kathomi
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: National
subject: Oil
subject: Company
subject: Corporation
subject: Kenya

description: Kenya’s discovery of oil and gas resources in 2012 has flung the upstream petroleum sector into the limelight. The state owned National Oil Corporation of Kenya (NOCK), whose mandate includes operating in the upstream sector, is expected to play a significant role in supporting government’s efforts to develop the upstream petroleum sector and in extension impacting Kenya’s overall economic development. This thesis looks into NOCK’s governance. It compares its governance with that of Statoil – Norway’s National Oil Company. Statoil has significantly contributed to Norway’s petroleum resource development and economic welfare. This thesis therefore makes proposals for legislative review in order to incorporate good governance principles in statutes that regulate NOCK. It is expected that by so doing, NOCK will have a better chance of succeeding in its role as government’s agent for developing the upstream petroleum sector; in a manner that supports the country’s overall economic development.
Elongational viscosity of poly(propylene carbonate) melts: tube-based modelling and primitive chain network simulations
Creators: name: Wagner, Manfred H.
name: Narimissa, Esmaeil
name: Masubuchi, Yuichi
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
subject: entangled polymers
subject: elongational flows
subject: polymer dynamics
subject: molecular simulations
subject: constitutive equations

description: In fast elongational flows, linear polymer melts exhibit a monotonic decrease of the viscosity with increasing strain rate, even beyond the contraction rate of the polymer defined by the Rouse time. We consider two possible explanations of this phenomenon: (a) the reduction of monomeric friction and (b) the reduction of the tube diameter with increasing deformation leading to an Enhanced Relaxation of Stretch (ERS) on smaller length scales. (Masubuchi et al. (2022) reported Primitive Chain Network (PCN) simulations using an empirical friction reduction model depending on segmental orientation and could reproduce the elongational viscosity data of three poly(propylene carbonate) melts and a polystyrene melt. Here, we show that the mesoscopic tube-based ESR model (Wagner and Narimissa 2021) provides quantitative agreement with the same data set based exclusively on the linear-viscoelastic characterization and the Rouse time. From the ERS model, a parameter-free universal relation of monomeric friction reduction as a function of segmental stretch can be derived. PCN simulations using this friction reduction relation are shown to reproduce quantitatively the experimental data even without any fitting parameter. The comparison with results of the earlier PCN simulation results with friction depending on segmental orientation demonstrates that the two friction relations examined work equally well which implies that the physical mechanisms of friction reduction are still open for discussion.
title: Gewissensbits: Die Rentnerin und der Roboter
Creators: name: Dührsen, Thure
name:  Schiedermeier, Gudrun
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: case study
subject: gewissensbits
subject: ethics

description: Was zunächst vielversprechend klingt, bringt einige Tücken mit sich: Der Einsatz von Robotern in Pflegeeinrichtungen wirft viele Fragen auf, wie dieses Fallbeispiel zeigt.
Microbial Communities Associated with Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids from Shale Gas Fields in Western Canada
Creators: name: Elliott, Alexander
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: hydraulic fracturing
subject: Petroleum Microbiology
subject: Shale Gas

description: Hydraulic fracturing has revolutionized the natural gas industry and has become a prominent process in Western Canada. Since its introduction to Canada in 2005 no work regarding the associated microbial communities has been conducted. Microbes are introduced with the fracturing fluid during fracturing. Early flowback water has increased microbial biomass relative to the fracturing fluid. As flowback proceeds physicochemical conditions become increasingly saline and there is a rapid decrease in biomass. The microbial community changes reflect the changing conditions with a decrease in diversity and abundance. Community composition shifts accordingly from one resembling the source water to a halophilic community that is more adapted to the flowback water conditions. The lack of thermophiles indicates that temperature is the limiting factor that accounts for low amounts of biomass. This indicates that microbial activity will not negatively impact hydraulic fracturing operations.
A (sub)millimetre study of dense cores in Orion B9
Creators: name: Miettinen, Oskari
name: Harju, Jorma
name: Haikala, Lauri K.
name: Juvela, Mika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to further constrain the properties and evolutionary stages of dense cores in Orion B9. The central part of Orion B9 was mapped at 350 micron with APEX/SABOCA. A sample of nine cores in the region were observed in C17O(2-1), H13CO+(4-3) (towards 3 sources), DCO+(4-3), N2H+(3-2), and N2D+(3-2) with APEX/SHFI. These data are used in conjunction with our previous APEX/LABOCA 870-micron dust continuum data. Many of the LABOCA cores show evidence of substructure in the higher-resolution SABOCA image. In particular, we report on the discovery of multiple very low-mass condensations in the prestellar core SMM 6. Based on the 350-to-870 micron flux density ratios, we determine dust temperatures of ~7.9-10.8 K, and dust emissivity indices of ~0.5-1.8. The CO depletion factors are in the range ~1.6-10.8. The degree of deuteration in N2H+ is ~0.04-0.99, where the highest value (seen towards the prestellar core SMM 1) is, to our knowledge, the most extreme level of N2H+ deuteration reported so far. The level of HCO+ deuteration is about 1-2%. We also detected D2CO towards two sources. The detection of subcondensations within SMM 6 shows that core fragmentation can already take place during the prestellar phase. The origin of this substructure is likely caused by thermal Jeans fragmentation of the elongated parent core. A low depletion factor and the presence of gas-phase D2CO in SMM 1 suggest that the core chemistry is affected by the nearby outflow. The very high N2H+ deuteration in SMM 1 is likely to be remnant of the earlier CO-depleted phase.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, 10 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Entrevistes
Creators: name: Acebes, Patricia
name: Álvarez, Maria Hortènsia
name: Mercè Marsal, Jordi Andreu I
name: Anglada, Lluís
name: Badia, Mònica
name: Baena, Júlia
name: Bailac, Montserrat
name: Batllem, Núria
name: Burguillos, Ferran
name: Capdevila, Antònia
name: Carles, Àngels
name: Fenoll, Carme
name: Fernández, Ana
name: Labastida, Ignasi
name: Merino, Ana
name: Pérez, Miquel
name: Redó, Elena
name: Ros, Ramon
name: Serra, Eugènia
name: Soto, Roberto
name: Torn, Pep
name: Torres, Sílvia
name: Vives, Josep
Publisher: name: Item: revista de biblioteconomia i documentació
Year: 2021

description: El gruix del número està dedicat a recollir les opinions, reflexions i experiències del col·lectiu, en un exercici que, sense ser exhaustiu, té la voluntat de representar tot tipus de biblioteques i centres de documentació. A tots els participants els vam fer arribar el mateix qüestionari centrat en si consideren les biblioteques, arxius i centres de documentació un servei essencial, com valoren la resposta que s’ha donat i com consideren que caldria encarar el futur. El resultat són 23 entrevistes amb idees i aportacions de com s’ha viscut la situació els primers mesos de restriccions, que poden ser útils a la resta del col·lectiu i permeten estirar molts fils.
description: Item: revista de biblioteconomia i documentació, 2021: Núm.: 70
Phase-sensitive evidence for dx2-y2-pairing symmetry in the parent-structure high-Tc cuprate superconductor Sr1-xLaxCuO2
Creators: name: Tomaschko, J.
name: Scharinger, S.
name: Leca, V.
name: Nagel, J.
name: Kemmler, M.
name: Selistrovski, T.
name: Koelle, D.
name: Kleiner, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even after 25 years of research the pairing mechanism and - at least for electron doped compounds - also the order parameter symmetry of the high transition temperature (high-Tc) cuprate superconductors is still under debate. One of the reasons is the complex crystal structure of most of these materials. An exception are the infinite layer (IL) compounds consisting essentially of CuO2 planes. Unfortunately, these materials are difficult to grow and, thus, there are only few experimental investigations. Recently, we succeeded in depositing high quality films of the electron doped IL compound Sr1-xLaxCuO2 (SLCO), with x approximately 0.15, and on the fabrication of well-defined grain boundary Josephson junctions (GBJs) based on such SLCO films. Here we report on a phase sensitive study of the superconducting order parameter based on GBJ SQUIDs from a SLCO film grown on a tetracrystal substrate. Our results show that also the parent structure of the high-Tc cuprates has dx2-y2-wave symmetry, which thus seems to be inherent to cuprate superconductivity.
description: Submitted to PRL, 5 pages, 3 figures, supplementary information included (4 pages, 4 figures)
Validation of Soil Thermal Conductivity Models
Creators: name: Wessolek, Gerd
name: Bohne, Klaus
name: Trinks, Steffen
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::577 Ökologie
subject: λ-Frame for USDA soil texture classes
subject: λ-Pedotransfer functions
subject: laboratory measurements
subject: model-validation
subject: prediction of soil thermal conductivity
subject: soil thermal conductivity

description: This study describes the generation of a uniform data base of 2733 non-stationary thermal conductivity laboratory measurements of about 158 soil cores with varying texture, bulk density, soil organic matter, pH, and carbonate content. This data set has been used to validate ten well established pedo-transfer functions for predicting thermal conductivity by using easily available soil information such as soil texture, bulk density, and water content. Models were grouped into (i) physically based and (ii) empirical ones that need measured data for its calibration. The classical physical based transfer-function of deVries et al. has been finally chosen to set up a framework of standard values for the USDA soil classes. For planning purposes, these λ estimates for selected pressure heads only need information on soil texture and bulk density and may be more valuable than single point values of thermal conductivity.
Quantization in relativistic classical mechanics: the Stueckelberg equation, neutrino oscillation and large-scale structure of the Universe
Creators: name: Rusov, V. D.
name: Vlasenko, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the Chetaev theorem on stable dynamical trajectories in the presence of dissipative forces, we obtain the generalized condition for stability of relativistic classical Hamiltonian systems (with an invariant evolution parameter) in the form of the Stueckelberg equation. As is known, this equation is the basis of a competing paradigm known as parametrized relativistic quantum mechanics (pRQM). It is shown that the energy of dissipative forces, which generate the Chetaev generalized condition of stability, coincides exactly with Bohmian relativistic quantum potential. We show that the squared amplitude of a wave function in the Stueckelberg equation is equivalent to the probability density function for the number of particle trajectories, relative to which the velocity and the position of the particle are not hidden parameters. The conditions for reasonableness of trajectory interpretation of pRQM are discussed. On basis of analysis of a general formalism for vacuum-flavor mixing of neutrino within the context of the standard and pRQM models we show that the corresponding expressions for the probability of transition from one neutrino flavor to another differ appreciably, but they are experimentally testable: the estimations of absolute value for neutrino mass based on modern experimental data for solar and atmospheric neutrinos show that the pRQM results have a preference. It is noted that the selection criterion of mass solutions relies on proximity between the average size of condensed neutrino clouds, which is described by the Muraki formula (29th ICRC, 2005) and depends on the neutrino mass, and the average size of typical observed void structure (dark matter + hydrogen gas), which plays the role of characteristic dimension of large-scale structure of the Universe.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. Presented at Heinz von Foerster Congress 2011 (v2: some misprints in references fixed; v3: Inroduction and sections 4 and 5 are revised)
Regulation of Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by APRIL
Creators: name: Matook, Wejdan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: Oncology

description: Breast cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer among women. “A proliferation-inducing ligand” (APRIL) is seen in the stroma of approximately 38% of breast cancer patients. APRIL is a tumor necrosis factor superfamily member that is implicated in lymphoid cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. APRIL studies initially focused on lymphoid cells as known APRIL receptors are exclusive to these cells. However, I found that APRIL promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, and an APRIL-specific blocking peptide inhibits APRIL-induced proliferation. Therefore, I sought to identify APRIL targets in breast cancer cells. Among those identified, colony-stimulating factor 2 receptor beta (CSF2RB) is interesting. CSF2RB-APRIL interaction is direct, and the CSF2RB ligand, CSF2, has 41% amino acid sequence similarity to APRIL. CSF2RB-linked Akt and STAT3 signaling are activated in APRIL-mediated breast cancer cell proliferation. Thus, my findings raise the possibility that CSF2RB is a novel APRIL receptor in non-lymphoid cells.
title: Neuer Tiktok-Trend: Verbieten
Creators: name: Brandão, Luiza
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: tiktok

description: Die USA behaupten, dass China mit Tiktok ihre Bürger*innen ausspioniert. Zeitgleich stehen amerikanische Plattformen wie die von Meta aus Datenschutzgründen unter großem Druck, besonders aus Europa. Was steckt hinter den Klagen gegen Tiktok? Sind wir auf dem Weg zu einem Internet mit Grenzen?
A Theoretical Framework for Implementing Convertible Contracts in Oil and Gas Projects
Creators: name: Moazzami Goudarzi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Civil
subject: Oil and Gas Projects
subject: Convertible Contracts

description: Conventional forms of contract cannot address the dynamic and unpredictable environment of fast-track projects in the oil and gas industry. Using a single contract type such as cost reimbursable or lump sum for the whole project life cycle shifts the project risks to the owner or the contractor inequitably. Convertible contracts have been used in some oil and gas projects as an alternate contracting strategy to optimize risk taking/rewarding between contracting parties. Through this study, it was discovered that there is a significant gap in academic studies addressing the most challenging issues in managing convertible contracts. This identified gap led the researcher to design the research questions regarding the conversion time, estimation strategy, potential risks, and contractual relationships in convertible contracts. Accordingly, by addressing the research questions, this research aimed to develop a theoretical framework for implementing convertible contracts in oil and gas projects. Since the research questions were quite interpretive and investigative and the main objective of this study was to develop a theoretical framework, a grounded theory study was chosen as the main qualitative research design. Interview was the major instrument to collect the required data and information, and an in-depth review of documents was conducted. The collected data were analyzed through open coding, axial coding, selective coding, and theoretical integration to develop the main deliverable of the study, a theoretical framework, which consists of four main modules: conversion process, estimating strategy, potential risks, and collaborative strategy. To optimize the conversion process in convertible contracts, Module One provides important factors that influence deciding the conversion points, practical recommendations to enhance the conversion process, and possible conversion strategies in application of convertible contracts. Module Two presents an effective way to estimate a more accurate and reliable lump sum price at the time of conversion. The third module presents the potential risks in applying convertible contracts in oil and gas projects and appropriate strategies to mitigate the impact of cost risks in estimating the lump sum price. The fourth module proposes organizing a project collaboration centre with focus on critical activities/decisions before and after conversion.
Comparison of shear viscosity and normal stress measurements by rotational and on-line slit rheometers with tube model predictions
Creators: name: Teixeira, Paulo F.
name: Hilliou, Loic
name: Covas, Jose A.
name: Narimissa, Esmaeil
name: Poh, Leslie
name: Wagner, Manfred H.
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
subject: in-process rheometer
subject: slit die
subject: shear viscosity
subject: normal stress difference
subject: Doi-Edwards model
subject: HMMSF model

description: In-extruder measurements of shear viscosity and normal stresses are important as these measurement techniques allow determining the rheological state of the polymer melt at processing conditions up to high shear rates. However, validation of viscosity and normal stress data obtained by in-line slit rheometers at high shear rates is difficult due to a lack of overlap of the in-line data and the off-line measurements by rotational rheometers limited to lower shear rates. Here, shear viscosity and normal stress data measured in-line at large shear rates during extrusion and off-line at low shear rates are compared to predictions of the Doi-Edwards model and the Hierarchical Multi-Mode Molecular Stress Function (HMMSF) model using linear-viscoelastic off-line small amplitude oscillating shear data of two polystyrenes and a low-density polyethylene as input parameters. For polystyrene, the results of this investigation do not only validate the experimental data obtained by rotational as well as slit-die rheometry, but also demonstrate the agreement between experiments and models up to very high shear rates, which were not experimentally accessible earlier. The low-density polyethylene shows a more complex behaviour, which follows the HMMSF model at low shear rates, but approaches the Doi-Edwards model at high shear rates.
Improving Recovery of Liquids from Shales Through Gas Injection
Creators: name: Fragoso Amaya, Alfonso Rafael
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Petroleum
subject: Shale Reservoirs
subject: Improved Oil Recovery
subject: Reservoir Simulation
subject: Surface Facilities
subject: Integrated Production Modelling
subject: Gas Injection

description: This thesis investigates the use of gas injection for improving liquids recoveries from oil and condensate containers in shale reservoirs. The objective is accomplished by building simulation models of a shale reservoir that contains gas, condensate and oil. In these shales, the gas container is at the bottom, the condensate container in the middle, and the oil container at the top of the structure. Results show that liquids recoveries can be increased by injecting dry gas from the lower part of the structure and recycling gas from the condensate container. The reservoir model is coupled with wells and surface facilities models. This study demonstrates that the proper design of wellbore and surface installations is critical as they can also lead to significant improvements in liquid recoveries. The effect of refracturing horizontal wells is also investigated. It is found that refracturing can yield the same incremental production obtained by infill drilling.
Domain Adaptation for Statistical Classifiers
Creators: name: Daume, H.
name: Marcu, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The most basic assumption used in statistical learning theory is that training data and test data are drawn from the same underlying distribution. Unfortunately, in many applications, the "in-domain" test data is drawn from a distribution that is related, but not identical, to the "out-of-domain" distribution of the training data. We consider the common case in which labeled out-of-domain data is plentiful, but labeled in-domain data is scarce. We introduce a statistical formulation of this problem in terms of a simple mixture model and present an instantiation of this framework to maximum entropy classifiers and their linear chain counterparts. We present efficient inference algorithms for this special case based on the technique of conditional expectation maximization. Our experimental results show that our approach leads to improved performance on three real world tasks on four different data sets from the natural language processing domain.
The Molecular Basis for Impaired Cerebral Myogenic Response in Type 2 Diabetes
Creators: name: Abdelrahman, Khaled
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biology--Molecular
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Myogenic response
subject: Type 2 diabetes
subject: Cerebral arteries
subject: Vascular smooth muscle cells
subject: Goto-Kakizaki

description: Cognition and brain function are dependent on appropriate control of blood flow within the cerebral circulation. Cerebral blood flow is controlled through the interplay of several physiological mechanisms that regulate the contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) within the wall of cerebral arteries. The myogenic response of cerebral arteries is a crucial mechanism that is responsible for maintaining adequate brain blood flow. This fundamental mechanism is due to cellular processes intrinsic to VSMCs including: 1) Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent activation of myosin light chain kinase and phosphorylation of LC20, 2) Rho-associated kinase (ROK)-dependent phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) and suppression of myosin light chain phosphatase activity, and 3) dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Inappropriate regulation of one or more of these mechanisms may contribute to the dysfunctional control of cerebral diameter and flow, predisposing type 2 diabetic patients to ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Here, we employed Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a type 2 diabetic rat model, to identify the molecular basis for the dysfunctional myogenic constriction in early and established type 2 diabetes. We detected an enhanced basal myogenic tone in prediabetic GK cerebral arteries at low intraluminal pressure that progressed with the severity of diabetes such that the myogenic response was lost in arteries of GK rats with established diabetes. Our biochemical evidence shows that there are parallel, progressive alterations in MYPT1 and LC20 phosphorylation, as well as actin polymerization downstream of ROK that are consistent with the evolution of dysfunctional myogenic response. These findings provide a better understanding of the underlying defects responsible for dysfunctional control of cerebral arterial diameter and blood flow in type 2 diabetes.
Analytic contact solutions of the Boussinesq and Cattaneo problems for an ellipsoidal power-law indenter
Creators: name: Willert, Emanuel
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: elliptical contacts
subject: power-law indenters
subject: Boussinesq problem
subject: Cattaneo problem
subject: flat punch superposition

description: Based on Galin’s theorem for the indentation of an elastic half-space by a polynomial punch and Barber’s theorem for the determination of the contact area in elastic normal contact problems, an exact contact solution is developed for the frictionless indentation of an elastic half-space by an ellipsoidal power-law punch. Within the Cattaneo–Mindlin-approximation of tangential contacts, the tangential contact problem with friction can be reduced to the frictionless normal contact via the Ciavarella–Jäger principle, based on which also the tangential contact solution for the ellipsoidal power-law indenter is given. All known solutions for special cases (axisymmetric contact, elliptical Hertzian contact) are exactly recovered. A comparison of the pressure distribution obtained analytically for the 4-th power ellipsoidal indenter with a corresponding numerical solution based on the boundary element method shows no noticeable differences. The proposed solution procedure can also be used exactly for an arbitrary finite superposition of ellipsoidal power-law profiles, and, in an approximate sense, is applicable for arbitrary monotonous ellipsoidal profiles.
Effects of the White River and Mazama Tephras on Terrestrial and Aquatic Palaeoenvironments in Western Subarctic Canada, and Implications for Past Human Populations
Creators: name: Rainville, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Archaeology
subject: History--Canadian
subject: Paleoecology
subject: volcano
subject: Canada
subject: subarctic
subject: Archaeology
subject: palaeoecology

description: This study presents new information regarding the environmental impacts of the eastern White River (WRA; 1147 cal BP) and Mazama (MZA; 7627 cal BP) tephras in the western Canadian subarctic, and discusses their potential implications for wildlife and human populations in the affected regions. Sediment cores were collected from two lakes (Spirit Lake, southern YT; “Marahbodd” Lake, western NWT) within the fallout of the WRA and one (Goldeye Lake, western AB) within the fallout of the MZA. Pollen, microcharcoal, chironomids, and sedimentary characteristics were examined to reconstruct terrestrial and aquatic environments before and after the eruptions. The results show noticeable environmental impacts of the WRA and MZA at the sites, including on terrestrial and aquatic community composition and productivity, fire activity, landscape stability, and lake conditions and chemistry. Environmental impacts were most pronounced at Spirit Lake, the site closest to the source of its eruption, where the data suggest that the availability of water, food, material, and habitat resources would likely have been considerably reduced for 50-150 years. The data support archaeological, ethnographic, and linguistic evidence that suggests that the WRA might have stimulated wildlife (notably caribou) and human population movements out of the region, and human adoption of the bow-and-arrow and of bone and antler points. Data from “Marahbodd” Lake suggest that the environmental impacts of the WRA were likely similar to those at Spirit Lake, but lesser in degree – though they lingered longer. The data support archaeological and ethnographic evidence of limited impacts of the WRA on local wildlife and human populations, which suggests that populations did not leave the region after the eruption – or at least not on the scale apparent in southern Yukon. At Goldeye Lake, the data indicate that the environmental impacts of the MZA were generally slight, though long lasting. A period of reduced occupancy of Plains environments after the MZA coincides with the duration of environmental disturbance at Goldeye Lake, suggesting that the eruption and its after effects might well have been the reason behind reduced occupancy of the region at this time, and the later introduction of stone boiling and pemmican production.
Spark ignition of partially stratified gaseous fuel-air mixtures
Creators: name: Chan, Edward C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The Partially Stratiﬁed Charge (PSC) strategy aims to stabilize the spark ignition of lean-burn natural gas fueled internal combustion engines. This results in an extension of unthrottled load control, as well as a reduction in regulated pollutant and carbon dioxide emissions. While engine experiments demonstrated the feasibility of this technology, its fundamental enabling mechanisms have yet to be identified. An experimental / numerical approach was taken for the current investigation, using an idealized PSC ignition system. The PSC injection took place in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) into an initially quiescent bulk mixture. A customized injection system was also developed. Experimental results indicated that stable combustion could be achieved with PSC at an air-to-fuel ratio of λ = 2.0. Furthermore, the use of double PSC injection facilitated additional consumption of the bulk fuel. The experiments also identified three primary enabling mechanisms under which PSC assists in ultra-lean spark ignited combustion. Additional insights were provided through numerical modeling. The PSC jet was modeled using the standard k−epsilon model and was found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results in terms of penetration and entrainment. Meanwhile, the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model was used to simulate the combustion under PSC. While the computational model lacked the ability to properly predict combustion rates in the turbulent-to-laminar ﬂame transition, the ignition and early combustion phases were properly captured. The numerical framework was applied to engine conditions, and the modeled data were validated using existing experimental results. A semi-analytical ignition model was developed using detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms. A turbulent ignition parameter was derived accordingly to characterize the likelihood of an ignition event leading to combustion. The engine simulation results also provided further information in PSC charge formation, as well as ﬂame propagation. The results of this research gave rise to an improved design for future generation PSC injection / ignition devices.
title: Von der Wüstenameise zur KI und wieder zurück
Creators: name: Risse, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ants
subject: artificial intelligence
subject: swarm

description: Ameisen und Algorithmen ­haben mehr Berührungspunkte, als man denkt. Was moderne KI-Verfahren von Wüstenameisen lernen könnten, lässt sich nur durch intensive interdisziplinäre ­Forschung ermitteln. Diese wird für die Informatik und die angrenzenden Naturwissenschaften immer wichtiger. Ein Plädoyer.
Gapless Hamiltonians for the toric code using the PEPS formalism
Creators: name: Fernández-González, Carlos
name: Schuch, Norbert
name: Wolf, Michael M.
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
name: Pérez-García, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Hamiltonians which have Kitaev's toric code as a ground state, and show how to construct a Hamiltonian which shares the ground space of the toric code, but which has gapless excitations with a continuous spectrum in the thermodynamic limit. Our construction is based on the framework of Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS), and can be applied to a large class of two-dimensional systems to obtain gapless "uncle Hamiltonians".
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
title: Das Beste aus beiden Welten
Creators: name: Resch, Alexandra
name:  Kapra, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: education
subject: interview

description: Maximilian Kapra hat sich zwischen Praxis und Theorie nie entscheiden müssen: Als dualer Student macht er neben seinem Bachelor in Informatik an der Hochschule München auch noch eine Ausbildung zum Fachinformatiker – Systemintegration im IT-Sicherheitsunternehmen genua. Im Interview spricht er über seine Erfahrungen und seine Pläne für die Zukunft.
Trion ground state, excited states and absorption spectrum using electron-exciton basis
Creators: name: Shiau, Shiue-Yuan
name: Combescot, Monique
name: Chang, Yia-Chung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve the Schrödinger equation for two electrons plus one hole by writing it in the electron-exciton basis. The main advantage of this basis is to eliminate the exciton contribution from the trion energy in a natural way. The interacting electron-exciton system is treated using the recently developed composite boson many-body formalism which allows an exact handling of electron exchange. We numerically solve the resulting electron-exciton Schrödinger equation, with the exciton levels restricted to the lowest $1s, 2s$ and $3s$ states, and we derive the trion ground state energy as a function of the electron-to-hole mass ratio. While our results are in reasonable agreement with those obtained through the best variational methods using free carrier basis, this electron-exciton basis is mostly suitable to easily reach the bound and unbound trion excited states. Through their wave functions, we here calculate the optical absorption spectrum in the presence of hot carriers for 2D quantum wells. We find large peaks located at the exciton levels, which are attributed to electron-exciton (unbound) scattering states, and small peaks identified with trion bound states.
description: 16 pages; 15 figures
Exploring Registered Nurses’ Everyday Experiences of Telenursing Work: An Institutional Ethnography
Creators: name: Kamabu, Kakule Floribert
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Public Health
subject: Telenursing
subject: Nurses' experience
subject: Institutional Ethnography

description: Access and delivery of Canadian health care is expected to be enhanced through telenursing, a growing nursing specialty. Using institutional ethnography, I describe how telenursing work is socially organized within protocols, contracts, quotas, and time. My core argument, supported by evidence, is that nurses’ work is too firmly tied to protocols that involve nurses in highly standardized and routinized activities. These are textually mediated work processes that cover over and squeeze out skilled nursing judgment. The research establishes a critical analysis uncovering nurses' troubling capture within ‘conceptual practices of power’ (Smith 1990) –taken-for-granted (supposedly competent) practices that overrule their capacity for skillful, compassionate interactions with callers. The findings have troubling implications for nurses and for the discipline of nursing. Moreover, in relation to the careful and prudent use of health resources, I show how organizing nurses' work this way is a serious waste of an important resource.
Carbon-rich dust production in metal-poor galaxies in the Local Group
Creators: name: Sloan, G. C.
name: Matsuura, M.
name: Lagadec, E.
name: van Loon, J. Th.
name: Kraemer, K. E.
name: McDonald, I.
name: Groenewegen, M. A. T.
name: Wood, P. R.
name: Bernard-Salas, J.
name: Zijlstra, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed a sample of 19 carbon stars in the Sculptor, Carina, Fornax, and Leo I dwarf spheroidal galaxies with the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The spectra show significant quantities of dust around the carbon stars in Sculptor, Fornax, and Leo I, but little in Carina. Previous comparisons of carbon stars with similar pulsation properties in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds revealed no evidence that metallicity affected the production of dust by carbon stars. However, the more metal-poor stars in the current sample appear to be generating less dust. These data extend two known trends to lower metallicities. In more metal-poor samples, the SiC dust emission weakens, while the acetylene absorption strengthens. The bolometric magnitudes and infrared spectral properties of the carbon stars in Fornax are consistent with metallicities more similar to carbon stars in the Magellanic Clouds than in the other dwarf spheroidals in our sample. A study of the carbon budget in these stars reinforces previous considerations that the dredge-up of sufficient quantities of carbon from the stellar cores may trigger the final superwind phase, ending a star's lifetime on the asymptotic giant branch.
description: ApJ, in press, 21 pages, 12 figures. Replaced Fig 12, corrected two references
title: Approaches to solving problems of optimization of solving Monitoring problems based on natural computing algorithms
Creators: name: Muhamediyeva, D.T.
Publisher: name: Tashkent State Technical University Named after Islam Karimov
Year: 2020

description: To find approximate optimization solutions, many algorithms are used, seven of which are considered in this work: fuzzy sets, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithm, ant algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, DNA computation, and a new approach based on artificial immune systems (IIS). All these methods belong to the direction of «natural computing», ie. model certain biological processes, the algorithms of which nature has created for millions of years. It should be noted that the efficiency of one or another algorithm depends on the characteristics of the initial data of the problem, so it is impossible to unambiguously determine which of the algorithms is the most effective
Localization of Zinc in the Circadian System and its Role in the Modulation of Circadian Responses to Light
Creators: name: Moshirpour, Mahtab
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Animal Physiology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Circadian
subject: Zinc
subject: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
subject: Intergeniculate Leaflet
subject: Melanopsin
subject: Phase Shift
subject: Entrainment
subject: ganglion cells

description: Zinc is found in multiple brain areas where it can act as a neuromodulator of postsynaptic receptors. There is evidence for the existence of zinc in the SCN as well as its vesicle transporter (ZnT3) in the retina. However, its presence in other circadian areas has not been examined. This study observed the anatomical distribution of zinc in the SCN and IGL as well as ZnT3 in the retinal ganglion cells that project to these areas. The role of zinc in photic entrainment was also examined. The IGL contained considerable amounts of zinc while ZnT3 was present in retinal cells that are able to project to the IGL. Nevertheless zinc in the IGL was not implicated in the photic entrainment pathway and the retina was shown not to be a necessary zinc input source. Together, these results present the first report of zinc in the IGL and circadian retinal projections.
Philoctetes truncatus
Creators: name: Paukkunen, Juho
name: Rosa, Paolo
name: Soon, Villu
name: Johansson, Niklas
name: Ødegaard, Frode
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Chrysididae
Philoctetes
Philoctetes truncatus

description: 11. Philoctetes truncatus (Dahlbom, 1831)
Chrysis truncata Dahlbom 1831: 35. Lectotype ♂ (designated by Morgan 1984: 10); Sweden (ZMUL) (examined).
Elampus truncatus: Dahlbom 1854: 43, Aurivillius 1911: 6.
Elampus coeruleus [nec Dahlbom, 1854]: Thomson 1870: 104.
Ellampus truncatus: Mocsáry 1889: 95, Berland & Bernard 1938: 34.
Omalus truncatus: Borries 1891: 93, Trautmann 1927: 36, Jansson 1934: 287, Benno 1950: 27, Balthasar 1954: 89, Haupt 1957: 41, Cederberg 2000: 178, Cederberg 2005: 290, Allearter.dk 2010.
Chrysellampus truncatus: Erlandsson 1971: 88.
Philoctetes truncatus: Kimsey & Bohart 1991: 258, Soon 2004: 19, 45, Cederberg et al. 2010: 353, Cederberg 2012, Rosa & Soon 2012, Dyntaxa 2013.
Distribution. Denmark, Estonia, Sweden.—Transpalearctic: from West Europe and North Africa to Russian Far East (Kurzenko & Lelej 2007).
Remarks. The species is known from Denmark, Estonia and Sweden. It has also been reported from Norway by Trautmann (1927: 36, as Omalus truncatus), Benno 1950: 27 (as Omalus truncatus), Balthasar (1954: 89, as Omalus truncatus), Erlandsson (1971: 88, as Chrysellampus truncatus), Soon (2004: 45) and Artsdatabanken 2010. However, the record from Norway is based on an old, unlabeled specimen, which might not have been collected from Norway (Artsdatabanken 2010). In Sweden most records are old and the species has been classified as data deficient in the Swedish red list (Cederberg et al. 2010, Cederberg 2012). Only one recent record is known from the country (Sm: Bergkvara 14–21.VII.1996, by yellow pan trap, leg. Roy Danielsson). In Denmark only old records are known.
description: Published as part of Paukkunen, Juho, Rosa, Paolo, Soon, Villu, Johansson, Niklas & Ødegaard, Frode, 2014, Faunistic review of the cuckoo wasps of Fennoscandia, Denmark and the Baltic countries (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 3864 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3864.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4930433
The Uptake of Physician Approved Written Asthma Action Plans: A Mixed Methods Study
Creators: name: Sharpe, Heather
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Asthma

description: This mixed methods study aimed to evaluate implementing a simple intervention to increase Written Asthma Action Plan (WAAP) possession by patients with asthma. The intervention included health care professionals (HCPs) providing WAAPs and basic teaching to patients with asthma. For the qualitative component of the study, HCPs were interviewed to explore their experiences with implementing the WAAP in their practice; a thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. For the quantitative component, patients that were provided with the WAAP were assessed at baseline and again 6 months later. The primary quantitative outcome of interest was the possession of a physician approved WAAP by the individual with asthma, secondary outcome included asthma control. In Phase 1, six sessions of interviews were conducted over 3 months. Seventeen HCPs participated in the interviews, with 1 to 7 participants in each interview session. HCPs were overwhelmingly positive about the WAAP and stated it was a valuable tool for educating patients and demonstrating the criteria for asthma control. They felt qualified to complete the WAAP and expressed confidence in completing the yellow zone of the plan. HCPs that were successful at implementing the intervention had physician colleagues that were supportive. Several barriers to implementation were discovered. Most notably, asthma was a low priority for chronic disease management. HCPs did not receive referrals for asthma patients, and identifying patients with asthma was challenging. Additionally, time was a barrier to implementation, as HCPs identified it was challenging to find time to provide education to patients, particularly when addressing other health concerns. In Phase 2, the intervention resulted in an association between the provision of a WAAP template by a health care professional and rate of physician approved WAAP possession 6 months following the intervention. The mean score for the Asthma Control Questionnaire increased significantly 6 months post intervention; however, it did not reach the level of clinical significance. The findings of this study suggest that community based HCP can dispense WAAPs that receive physician approval. However, in order for HCPs to provide WAAPs, significant barriers, particularly the low priority of asthma in chronic disease management and time to provide education, need to be addressed.