cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Jet-ISM Interactions near the Microquasars GRS 1758-258 and 1E 1740.7-2942
Creators: name: Tetarenko, A. J.
name: Rosolowsky, E. W.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A
name: Sivakoff, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array observations of the candidate jet-ISM interaction zones near the black hole X-ray binaries GRS 1758$-$258 and 1E 1740.7$-$2942. Using these data, we map the molecular line emission in the regions, detecting emission from the HCN [$J=1-0$], HCO$^+$ [$J=1-0$], SiO [$J=2-1$], CS [$J=2-1$], $^{13}$CO [$J=1-0$], C$^{18}$O [$J=1-0$], HNCO [$J=4_{0,4}-3_{0,3}$], HNCO [$J=5_{0,5}-4_{0,4}$], and CH$_3$OH [$J=2_{1,1}-1_{1,0}$] molecular transitions. Through examining the morphological, spectral, and kinematic properties of this emission, we identify molecular structures that may trace jet-driven cavities in the gas surrounding these systems. Our results from the GRS 1758$-$258 region in particular, are consistent with recent work, which postulated the presence of a jet-blown cocoon structure in deep radio continuum maps of the region. Using these newly discovered molecular structures as calorimeters, we estimate the time averaged jet power from these systems, finding $(1.1-5.7)\times10^{36}{\rm erg\,s}^{-1}$ over $0.12-0.31$ Myr for GRS 1758$-$258 and $(0.7-3.5)\times10^{37}{\rm erg\,s}^{-1}$ over $0.10-0.26$ Myr for 1E 1740.7$-$2942. Additionally, the spectral line characteristics of the detected emission place these molecular structures in the central molecular zone of our Galaxy, thereby constraining the distances to the black hole X-ray binaries to be $8.0\pm1.0$ kpc. Overall, our analysis solidifies the diagnostic capacity of molecular lines, and highlights how astro-chemistry can both identify jet-ISM interaction zones and probe jet feedback from Galactic X-ray binaries.
description: 24 pages, 21 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Eccentricities of Planets in Binary Systems
Creators: name: Takeda, Genya
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most puzzling property of the extrasolar planets discovered by recent radial velocity surveys is their high orbital eccentricities, which are very difficult to explain within our current theoretical paradigm for planet formation. Current data reveal that at least 25% of these planets, including some with particularly high eccentricities, are orbiting a component of a binary star system. The presence of a distant companion can cause significant secular perturbations in the orbit of a planet. At high relative inclinations, large-amplitude, periodic eccentricity perturbations can occur. These are known as "Kozai cycles" and their amplitude is purely dependent on the relative orbital inclination. Assuming that every planet host star also has a (possibly unseen, e.g., substellar) distant companion, with reasonable distributions of orbital parameters and masses, we determine the resulting eccentricity distribution of planets and compare it to observations? We find that perturbations from a binary companion always appear to produce an excess of planets with both very high (e>0.6) and very low (e<0.1) eccentricities. The paucity of near-circular orbits in the observed sample implies that at least one additional mechanism must be increasing eccentricities. On the other hand, the overproduction of very high eccentricities observed in our models could be combined with plausible circularization mechanisms (e.g., friction from residual gas) to create more planets with intermediate eccentricities (e=0.1-0.6).
description: 8 pages, to appear in "Close Binaries in the 21st Century: New Opportunities and Challenges", ed. A. Gimenez et al. (Springer)
FINANCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NORTH DAKOTA FARMS 2004-2005
Creators: name: Swenson, Andrew L.
name: Swenson, Andrew L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm financial management
subject: farm management
subject: farm income
subject: liquidity
subject: solvency
subject: profitability
subject: repayment capacity
subject: financial efficiency
subject: financial benchmarks
subject: tenure
subject: North Dakota.

description: The performance of over 500 North Dakota farms, 2004-2005, is summarized using 16 financial measures. Farms are categorized by geographic region, farm type, farm size, gross cash sales, farm tenure, net farm income, debt-to-asset, and age of farmer to analyze relationships between financial performance and farm characteristics. Five-year averages, 2000-2004, and farm financial trends for the 1996-2005 period are also presented. Year-to-year changes in median net farm income within regions and farm types averaged 50 percent from 1996 to 2005. Median net farm income fell slightly in 2005 to $42,286, but 19 percent of farms had net farm income greater than $100,000. Financial performance was lowest in 1997 and 1998 when over one-half of farms could not make scheduled term debt payments. In 1999, 2000, 2003 and 2004 the rate of return on equity exceeded the rate of return on assets, which indicates that debt capital was employed profitably. The first rise in eight years of interest expense as a percent of gross revenue occurred in 2005, to 6.0. The Red River Valley and crop farms had stronger profitability, solvency and repayment capacity from 1995 to 2004 than other regions and farm types, respectively, but were out performed by the south central region and livestock farms in 2005. Farms with sales less than $100,000 were three times as likely to have debt-to-asset higher than 70 percent than were farms with sales greater than $500,000. Farms that own some crop land, but less than 40 percent and are more likely to be crop farms, farm more acreage, have larger sales, and be more profitable. As expected, solvency and percent of crop land owned increases with farmer age.
Thermal breakdown of coherent backscattering: a case study of quantum duality
Creators: name: Wickles, Christian
name: Mueller, Cord
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate coherent backscattering of light by two harmonically trapped atoms in the light of quantitative quantum duality. Including recoil and Doppler shift close to an optical resonance, we calculate the interference visibility as well as the amount of which-path information, both for zero and finite temperature.
description: published version with minor changes and an added figure
Lifetimes of Stark-shifted image states
Creators: name: Crampin, S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inelastic lifetimes of electrons in image-potential states at Cu(100) that are Stark-shifted by the electrostatic tip-sample interaction in the scanning tunneling microscope are calculated using the many-body GW approximation. The results demonstrate that in typical tunneling conditions the image state lifetimes are significantly reduced from their field-free values. The Stark-shift to higher energies increases the number of inelastic scattering channels that are available for decay, with field-induced changes in the image state wave function increasing the efficiency of the inelastic scattering through greater overlap with final state wave functions.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Relocation experiences of the elderly to a long-term care facility in Taiwan: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Chia-Shan Wu
name: Rong, Jiin-Ru
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide.
PT-Symmetric Quantum Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Bender, Carl M.
name: Cavero-Pelaez, Ines
name: Milton, Kimball A.
name: Shajesh, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hamiltonian for quantum electrodynamics becomes non-Hermitian if the unrenormalized electric charge $e$ is taken to be imaginary. However, if one also specifies that the potential $A^μ$ in such a theory transforms as a pseudovector rather than a vector, then the Hamiltonian becomes PT symmetric. The resulting non-Hermitian theory of electrodynamics is the analog of a spinless quantum field theory in which a pseudoscalar field $ϕ$ has a cubic self-interaction of the form $iϕ^3$. The Hamiltonian for this cubic scalar field theory has a positive spectrum, and it has recently been demonstrated that the time evolution of this theory is unitary. The proof of unitarity requires the construction of a new operator called C, which is then used to define an inner product with respect to which the Hamiltonian is self-adjoint. In this paper the corresponding C operator for non-Hermitian quantum electrodynamics is constructed perturbatively. This construction demonstrates the unitarity of the theory. Non-Hermitian quantum electrodynamics is a particularly interesting quantum field theory model because it is asymptotically free.
description: 9 pages, no figures, revtex4
Understanding BERT Rankers Under Distillation
Creators: name: Gao, Luyu
name: Dai, Zhuyun
name: Callan, Jamie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep language models such as BERT pre-trained on large corpus have given a huge performance boost to the state-of-the-art information retrieval ranking systems. Knowledge embedded in such models allows them to pick up complex matching signals between passages and queries. However, the high computation cost during inference limits their deployment in real-world search scenarios. In this paper, we study if and how the knowledge for search within BERT can be transferred to a smaller ranker through distillation. Our experiments demonstrate that it is crucial to use a proper distillation procedure, which produces up to nine times speedup while preserving the state-of-the-art performance.
Linear widths of weighted Sobolev classes with conditions on the highest order and zero derivatives
Creators: name: Vasil'eva, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper order estimates for the linear widths of some function classes are obtained; these classes are defined by restrictions on the weighted $L_{p_1}$-norm of the r-th derivative and the weighted $L_{p_0}$-norm of zero derivative.
Variation in posture quality across musical instruments and its impact during performances
Creators: name: Blanco-Piñeiro, Patricia
name: M. Pino Díaz-Pereira
name: Vidal, Aurora Martínez
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Objective. Bad posture increases the risk that a musician may suffer from musculoskeletal disorders. This study compared posture quality required by different instruments or families of instruments. Methods. Using an ad-hoc postural observation instrument embracing 11 postural variables, four experts evaluated the postures of 100 students attending a Spanish higher conservatory of music. Results. The agreement of the experts’ evaluations was statistically confirmed by a Cohen's κ value between 0.855 and 1.000 and a Kendall value between 0.709 and 1.000 (p χ2 tests revealed significant association between instrument families and seated posture with respect to pelvic attitude, dorsal curvature and head alignment in both sagittal and frontal planes. This analysis also showed an association between instrument families and standing posture with respect to the frontal plane of the axis of gravity, pelvic attitude, head alignment in the frontal plane, the sagittal plane of the shoulders and overall posture. Conclusions. While certain postural defects appear to be common to all families of instruments, others are more characteristic of some families than others. The instrument associated with the best posture quality was the bagpipe, followed by percussion and strings.
[Letter from Ernst Hermann Paul Kuckuck]
Creators: name: Kuckuck, Ernst Hermann Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1892
Subjects: Kjellman, Frans Reinhold
Bornet, Jean-Baptiste Édouard
Wille, Johan Nordal Fischer

description: A paper will be published on Ectocarpus dasycarpus in Botan. Zeitung. Information: Has sent a short paper on Ectocarpus together with a slide. Do you want to start a herbarium? Suggests exchanging specimens between the biological stations in Bergen and Helgoland.
Additional file 1 of E-health literacy and associated factors among chronic patients in a low-income country: a cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Shiferaw, Kirubel Biruk
name: Binyam Chakilu Tilahun
name: Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu
name: Gullslett, Monika Knudsen
name: Shegaw Anagaw Mengiste
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
A Computer Vision Based Beamforming Scheme for Millimeter Wave Communication in LOS Scenarios
Creators: name: Xiang, Tianqi
name: Wang, Yaxin
name: Li, Huiwen
name: Guo, Boren
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 94A40

description: A novel location-aware beamforming scheme for millimeter wave communication is proposed for line of sight (LOS) and low mobility scenarios, in which computer vision is introduced to derive the required position or spatial angular information from the image or video captured by camera(s) co-located with mmWave antenna array at base stations. A wireless coverage model is built to investigate the coverage performance and influence of positioning accuracy achieved by convolutional neural network (CNN) for image processing. In addition, videos could be intentionally blurred, or even low-resolution videos could be directly applied, to protect users' privacy with acceptable positioning precision, lower computation complexity and lower camera cost. It is proved by simulations that the beamforming scheme is practicable and the mainstream CNN we employed is sufficient in both aspects of beam directivity accuracy and processing speed in frame per second.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
One-dimensional Bose chemistry: effects of non-integrability
Creators: name: Yurovsky, V. A.
name: Ben-Reuven, A.
name: Olshanii, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-body collisions of ultracold identical Bose atoms under tight cylindrical confinement are analyzed. A Feshbach resonance in two-body collisions is described by a two-channel zero-range interaction. Elimination of the closed channel in the three-body problem reduces the interaction to a one-channel zero-range one with an energy dependent strength. The related problem with an energy independent strength (the Lieb-Liniger-McGuire model) has an exact solution and forbids all chemical processes, such as three-atom association and diatom dissociation, as well as reflection in atom-diatom collisions. The resonant case is analyzed by a numerical solution of the Faddeev-Lovelace equations. The results demonstrate that as the internal symmetry of the Lieb-Liniger-McGuire model is lifted, the reflection and chemical reactions become allowed and may be observed in experiments.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
ASSESSMENT OF THE EXTENT AND SUCCESS OF LEAFY SPURGE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS
Creators: name: Hodur, Nancy M.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Hodur, Nancy M.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Bangsund, Dean A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: leafy spurge
subject: biological control
subject: Apthona lacertosa/czwalinae
subject: flea beetle
subject: noxious weeds
subject: weed management

description: Leafy spurge is an exotic, noxious, perennial weed which is widely established in the north central United States and is an especially serious problem in the northern Great Plains. In 1997, the Agricultural Research Service and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), initiated a major Integrated Pest Management (IPM) research and demonstration project, TEAM Leafy Spurge (TLS), to develop and demonstrate ecologically based IPM strategies that can produce effective, affordable leafy spurge control. A key component of the project was to expand the use of biological control (biocontrol) agents, specifically flea beetles. To assess the level of insect establishment and the level of current and perceived future control of leafy spurge, a mail survey was conducted of 468 individuals who obtained biocontrol agents (insects) at TLS-sponsored events, as well as County Weed Boards in North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Wyoming. Respondents reported basic information about the number and characteristics of release sites, characteristics of leafy spurge stands, as well as the level of control to date and perceived level of eventual control. Substantial numbers of landowners and County Weed Boards have utilized biocontrol agents as part of their leafy spurge control efforts, as well as collected flea beetles from release sites for redistribution. Respondents indicated biocontrol efforts are affecting at least some level of control and, in some cases, reported substantial reductions in spurge stands.
Muonium-antimuonium conversion in models with heavy neutrinos
Creators: name: Cvetic, Gorazd
name: Dib, Claudio O.
name: Kim, C. S.
name: Kim, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study muonium-antimuonium conversion and mu+ e- to mu- e+ scattering within two different lepton-flavor-violating models with heavy neutrinos: model I is a typical seesaw that violates lepton number as well as flavor; model II has a neutrino mass texture where lepton number is conserved. We look for the largest possible amplitudes of these processes that are consistent with current bounds. We find that model I has very limited chance of providing an observable signal, except if a finely tuned condition in parameter space occurs. Model II, on the other hand, requires no fine tuning and could cause larger effects. However, the maximum amplitude provided by this model is still two orders of magnitude below the sensitivity of current experiments: one predicts an effective coupling G_MM up to 10^{-4}G_F for heavy neutrino masses near 10 TeV. We have also clarified some discrepancies in previous literature on this subject.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, reference added
Quantum chaotic scattering in time-dependent external fields: random matrix approach
Creators: name: Vavilov, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the random matrix description of electron transport through open quantum dots, subject to time-dependent perturbations. All characteristics of the current linear in the bias can be expressed in terms of the scattering matrix, calculated for a time-dependent Hamiltonian. Assuming that the Hamiltonian belongs to a Gaussian ensemble of random matrices, we investigate various statistical properties of the direct current in the ensemble. Particularly, even at zero bias the time-dependent perturbation induces current, called photovoltaic current. We discuss dependence of the photovoltaic current and its noise on the frequency and the strength of the perturbation. We also describe the effect of time-dependent perturbation on the weak localization correction to the conductance and on conductance fluctuations.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures; contribution for the special issue of J. Phys. A: "Trends in Quantum Chaotic Scattering"
Additional file 2 of Characterization of tracheobronchomalacia in infants with hypophosphatasia
Creators: name: Padidela, Raja
name: Yates, Robert
name: Benscoter, Dan
name: McPhail, Gary
name: Chan, Elaine
name: Nichani, Jaya
name: M. Zulf Mughal
name: Myer, Charles
name: Omendra Narayan
name: Nissenbaum, Claire
name: Wilkinson, Stuart
name: Shanggen Zhou
name: Saal, Howard M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplemental table 1. Infants included in the clinical trials for asfotase alfa who required high-pressure respiratory support.
EMPIRICALLY ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF U.S. EXPORT CREDIT PROGRAMS ON U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Creators: name: Rienstra-Munnicha, Paul
name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Rienstra-Munnicha, Paul
name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: export credit programs
subject: agricultural trade
subject: World Trade Organization

description: The use of officially supported export credit programs for agricultural products has been a widely debated issue at the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations in recent years. The European Union (EU) has agreed to reduce their direct export subsidies if the United States reduces its export credits. Specifically, the main issue of contention is whether to limit the length of repayment of the U.S. export credit programs to a period not exceeding 180 days. However, the impacts of such a reduction on the importing countries and the United States are not clear. In light of this debate, we analyze the impact of a reduction in the repayment period to 180 days on importing countries and examine the subsequent effects on U.S. exports supported through export credit programs. Our results indicate that importing countries do indeed benefit from export credit programs and are likely to increase their imports when they are in place. However, the benefits are reduced when the export credit repayment period is limited to 180 days. This implies that the more restrictive terms and conditions that the WTO is trying to impose over these programs, based on their implicitly subsidized components, may have an adverse impact on importing countries.
A-Model Correlators from the Coulomb Branch
Creators: name: Melnikov, Ilarion V.
name: Plesser, M. Ronen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the contribution of discrete Coulomb vacua to A-Model correlators in toric Gauged Linear Sigma Models. For models corresponding to a compact variety, this determines the correlators at arbitrary genus. For non-compact examples, our results imply the surprising conclusion that the quantum cohomology relations break down for a subset of the correlators.
description: 27 pages, 1 xy-pic figure
2002 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS, 2001-2011
Creators: name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: sugar
subject: production
subject: exports
subject: consumption
subject: ending stocks

description: This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2001-2011 by using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to improve over the next 10 years after the current over supply is reduced. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in gradually increasing Caribbean sugar prices from 7.81 cents/lb in 2001 to 12.05 cents/lb in 2011. The U.S. wholesale price of sugar is projected to increase from 21.7 cents/lb in 2001 to 25.2 cents/lb in 2011, if the United States maintains its sugar programs. World trade volumes of sugar are expected to expand slightly.
Femtoscopy in heavy ion collisions: Wherefore, whence, and whither?
Creators: name: Lisa, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a brief overview of the wealth of femtoscopic measurements from the past two decades of heavy ion experiments. Essentially every conceivable knob at our disposal has been turned; the response of two-particle correlations to these variations has revealed much about he space-momentum substructure of the hot source created in the collisions. I discuss the present status of the femtoscopic program and questions which remain, and point to new efforts which aim to resolve them.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures; Combined write-up of presentations at XXXV International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, and at the Workshop on Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy, Kromeriz, Czech Republic, August 2005
2005 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS, 2004-2013
Creators: name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2004-2013 using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to improve slightly over the next nine years after the current over-supply is reduced. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in Caribbean sugar prices gradually increasing from 8.40 cents/lb in 2004 to 8.70 cents/lb in 2013. The U.S. wholesale price of sugar is projected to decrease from 26.15 cents/lb in 2004 to 24.89 cents/lb in 2013, if the United States maintains its sugar programs. The CAFTA agreement is expected to increase U.S. imports slightly, but with little impact on U.S. prices. It is projected that Mexico will be able to export 405 thousand metric tons of sugar to the United States by 2013. World trade volumes of sugar are expected to increase throughout the forecast period.
PARTICIPATION AND LEARNING IN AUCTIONS: BIDDING DECISIONS IN EGYPTIAN OILSEED AUCTIONS
Creators: name: Wilson, William W.
name: Wilson, Wesley W.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Wilson, Wesley W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: auction
subject: bidding
subject: tenders
subject: optimal bids
subject: learning

description: Auctions are common mechanisms for identifying prices and suppliers of commodities and are particularly important in agricultural marketing. Information asymmetries among bidders may be ameliorated over time through some form of learning. In this study, we incorporate prior decisions to participate, information from previous auctions, and firm-specific attributes to explain both the decision to bid and the level of the bid. Our analysis uses data from Egyptian oilseed tenders, an important market both for oilseeds and tendering. Because of the unbalanced nature of the panel data, we are able to evaluate the effects of signals received from previous tenders. We find that firms learn from previous auctions and can gain an informational advantage through some form of representation (e.g., by having an agent and/or direct sales agent to the country). Our results provide strong evidence that learning-by-doing affects the decision to participate and that learning affects the bid value. We also find that firms use outcomes of previous auctions to update information in both their decisions to participate in a market as well as determining the bid level. Finally, we find that firms with representation have a higher probability of participating in auctions and some evidence that they submit higher bids (earning higher returns).
Bose-Einstein condensates in rotating ring-shaped lattices: a multimode model
Creators: name: Nigro, M
name: Capuzzi, P
name: Jezek, D M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a multimode model that describes the dynamics on a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate confined by a ring-shaped optical lattice with large filling numbers. The parameters of the model are obtained as a function of the rotation frequency using full 3D Gross-Pitaevskii simulations. From such numerical calculations, we extract the velocity field induced at each site and analyze the relation and the differences between the phase of the hopping parameter of our model and the Peierls phase. To this end, a detailed discussion of such phases is presented in geometrical terms which takes into account the position of the junctions for different configurations. For circularly symmetric onsite densities a simple analytical relation between the hopping phase and the angular momentum is found for arbitrary number of sites. Finally, we confront the results of the rotating multimode model dynamics with Gross-Pitaevskii simulations finding a perfect agreement.
Far-Ultraviolet Observations of the Globular Cluster NGC 2808 Revisited: Blue Stragglers, White Dwarfs and Cataclysmic Variables
Creators: name: Dieball, A.
name: Knigge, C.
name: Zurek, D. R.
name: Shara, M. M.
name: Long, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a reanalysis of far-ultraviolet (FUV) observations of the globular cluster NGC 2808 obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. These data were first analyzed by Brown and coworkers, with an emphasis on the bright, blue horizontal branch (HB) stars in this cluster. Here, our focus is on the population of fainter FUV sources, which include white dwarfs (WDs), blue stragglers (BSs) and cataclysmic variables (CVs). We have therefore constructed the deepest FUV-NUV colour-magnitude diagram of NGC 2808 and also searched for variability among our FUV sources. Overall, we have found approx. 40 WD, approx. 60 BS and approx. 60 CV candidates; three of the BSs and two of the CV candidates are variable. We have also recovered a known RR Lyrae star in the core of NGC 2808, which exhibits massive (approx. 4 mag) FUV variability. We have investigated the radial distribution and found that our CV and BS candidates are more centrally concentrated than the HBs and WD candidates. This might be an effect of mass segregation, but could as well be due to the preferential formation of such dynamically-formed objects in the dense cluster core. For one of our CV candidates we found a counterpart in WFPC2 optical data published by Piotto and coworkers.
description: 27 pages, including 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, minor corrections in Sect.3.1.6. and Fig.4
From megahertz to terahertz qubits encoded in molecular ions: theoretical analysis of dipole-forbidden spectroscopic transitions in N$\mathbf{_2^+}$
Creators: name: Najafian, Kaveh
name: Meir, Ziv
name: Willitsch, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in quantum technologies have enabled the precise control of single trapped molecules on the quantum level. Exploring the scope of these new technologies, we studied theoretically the implementation of qubits and clock transitions in the spin, rotational, and vibrational degrees of freedom of molecular nitrogen ions including the effects of magnetic fields. The relevant spectroscopic transitions span six orders of magnitude in frequency illustrating the versatility of the molecular spectrum for encoding quantum information. We identified two types of magnetically insensitive qubits with very low ("stretched"-state qubits) or even zero ("magic" magnetic-field qubits) linear Zeeman shifts. The corresponding spectroscopic transitions are predicted to shift by as little as a few mHz for an amplitude of magnetic-field fluctuations on the order of a few mG translating into Zeeman-limited coherence times of tens of minutes encoded in the rotations and vibrations of the molecule. We also found that the Q(0) line of the fundamental vibrational transition is magnetic-dipole allowed by interaction with the first excited electronic state of the molecule. The Q(0) transitions, which benefit from small systematic shifts for clock operation and high sensitivity to a possible variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio, were so far not considered in single-photon spectra. Finally, we explored possibilities to coherently control the nuclear-spin configuration of N$_2^+$ through the magnetically enhanced mixing of nuclear-spin states.
Navier-Stokes Equation on the Rectangle
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Sérgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study controllability issues for the Navier-Stokes Equation on a two dimensional rectangle with so-called Lions boundary conditions. Rewriting the Equation using a basis of harmonic functions we arrive to an infinite-dimensional system of ODEs. Methods of Geometric/Lie Algebraic Control Theory are used to prove controllability by means of low modes forcing of finite-dimensional Galerkin approximations of that system. Proving the continuity of the ``control $\mapsto$ solution'' map in the so-called relaxation metric we use it to prove both solid controllability on observed component and $\mathbf L^2$-approximate controllability of the Equation (full system) by low modes forcing.
The dust never settles: collisional production of gas and dust in evolved planetary systems
Creators: name: Swan, Andrew
name: Farihi, Jay
name: Wilson, Thomas G.
name: Parsons, Steven G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-epoch infrared photometry from Spitzer is used to monitor circumstellar discs at white dwarfs, which are consistent with disrupted minor planets whose debris is accreted and chemically reflected by their host stars. Widespread infrared variability is found across the population of 37 stars with two or more epochs. Larger flux changes occur on longer time-scales, reaching several tens of per cent over baselines of a few years. The canonical model of a geometrically thin, optically thick disc is thus insufficient, as it cannot give rise to the observed behaviour. Optically thin dust best accounts for the variability, where collisions drive dust production and destruction. Notably, the highest infrared variations are seen in systems that show Ca II emission, supporting planetesimal collisions for all known debris discs, with the most energetic occurring in those with detected gaseous debris. The sample includes the only polluted white dwarf with a circumbinary disc, where the signal of the day-night cycle of its irradiated substellar companion appears diluted by dust emission.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; accepted to MNRAS. Updated with additional citations
Mass of Rotating Black Holes in Gauged Supergravities
Creators: name: Chen, W.
name: Lu, H.
name: Pope, C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The masses of several recently-constructed rotating black holes in gauged supergravities, including the general such solution in minimal gauged supergravity in five dimensions, have until now been calculated only by integrating the first law of thermodynamics. In some respects it is more satisfactory to have a calculation of the mass that is based directly upon the integration of a conserved quantity derived from a symmetry principal. In this paper, we evaluate the masses for the newly-discovered rotating black holes using the conformal definition of Ashtekar, Magnon and Das (AMD), and show that the results agree with the earlier thermodynamic calculations. We also consider the Abbott-Deser (AD) approach, and show that this yields an identical answer for the mass of the general rotating black hole in five-dimensional minimal gauged supergravity. In other cases we encounter discrepancies when applying the AD procedure. We attribute these to ambiguities or pathologies of the chosen decomposition into background AdS metric plus deviations when scalar fields are present. The AMD approach, involving no decomposition into background plus deviation, is not subject to such complications. Finally, we also calculate the Euclidean action for the five-dimensional solution in minimal gauged supergravity, showing that it is consistent with the quantum statistical relation.
description: Typos corrected and references updated
A model for the X-ray absorption in Compton--thin AGN
Creators: name: Lamastra, Alessandra
name: Perola, G. Cesare
name: Matt, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fraction of AGN with photoelectric absorption in the X-rays ranging from NH of 10^{22} up to about 10^{24} cm^{-2} (Compton-thin) appears observationally to be anticorrelated to their luminosity Lx. This recently found evidence is used to investigate the location of the absorbing gas. The molecular torus invoked in the unified picture of AGN, while it can be regarded as confirmed on several grounds to explain the Compton-thick objects, do not conform to this new constraint, at least in its physical models as developed so far. In the frame of observationally based evidence that in Compton-thin sources the absorbing gas might be located far away from the X-ray source, it is shown that the gravitational effects of the black hole (BH) on the molecular gas in a disk, within 25-450 pc (depending on the BH mass, from 10^6 to 10^9 M_solar, leads naturally to the observed anticorrelation, under the assumption of a statistical correlation between the BH mass and Lx. Its normalization is also reproduced provided that the surface density, Sigma, of this gas is larger than about 150-200 M_solar pc^{-2}, and assuming that the bolometric luminosity is one tenth of the Eddington limit. Interestingly, the required values are consistent with the value of the 300 pc molecular disk in our own galaxy, namely 500 M_solar pc^{-2}. In a sample of nearby galaxies from the BIMA SONG survey, it is found that half of the objects have central Sigma larger than 150 M_solar pc${-2}. Given the simplicity of the proposed model, this finding is very encouraging, waiting for future higher resolution surveys in CO on more distant galaxies.
description: Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press
Weakly-correlated synapses promote dimension reduction in deep neural networks
Creators: name: Zhou, Jianwen
name: Huang, Haiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: By controlling synaptic and neural correlations, deep learning has achieved empirical successes in improving classification performances. How synaptic correlations affect neural correlations to produce disentangled hidden representations remains elusive. Here we propose a simplified model of dimension reduction, taking into account pairwise correlations among synapses, to reveal the mechanism underlying how the synaptic correlations affect dimension reduction. Our theory determines the synaptic-correlation scaling form requiring only mathematical self-consistency, for both binary and continuous synapses. The theory also predicts that weakly-correlated synapses encourage dimension reduction compared to their orthogonal counterparts. In addition, these synapses slow down the decorrelation process along the network depth. These two computational roles are explained by the proposed mean-field equation. The theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations, and the key features are also captured by a deep learning with Hebbian rules.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Point-of-care thrombocyte function testing using multiple-electrode aggregometry in dengue patients: an explorative study
Creators: name: Jong, Wesley De
name: Asmarawati, Tri Pudy
name: Verbeek, Inge
name: Musofa Rusli
name: Hadi, Usman
name: Gorp, Eric Van
name: Goeijenbier, Marco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Performance of NS1 rapid antigen test vs NS1 ELISA capture assay.
Systematics of g factors of 2_1^+ states in even-even nuclei from Gd to Pt: A microscopic description by the projected shell model
Creators: name: Bian, Bao-An
name: Di, Yao-Min
name: Long, Gui-Lu
name: Sun, Yang
name: Zhang, Jing-ye
name: Sheikh, Javid A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The systematics of g factor of first excited 2^+ state vs neutron number N is studied by the projected shell model. The study covers the even-even nuclei of all isotopic chains from Gd to Pt. g factors are calculated by using the many-body wavefunctions that reproduces well the energy levels and B(E2)'s of the ground-state bands. For Gd to W isotopes the characteristic feature of the g factor data along an isotopic chain is described by the present model. Deficiency of the model in the g factor description for the heavier Os and Pt isotopes is discussed.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Histological study of sheep skin transformation during the recreation of historical parchment manufacture
Creators: name: Fourneau, Marc
name: Canon, Caroline
name: Vlaender, Daniel Van
name: Collins, Matthew J.
name: Fiddyment, Sarah
name: Poumay, Yves
name: Deparis, Olivier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1. Table summarizing the details of histological analysis of sample “Still born lamb 1”.
Good grading polytopes
Creators: name: Brundan, Jonathan
name: Goodwin, Simon M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B20

description: Let g be a finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebra over C and e be a nilpotent element. Elashvili and Kac have recently classified all good Z-gradings for e. We instead consider good R-gradings, which are naturally parameterized by an open convex polytope in a Euclidean space arising from the reductive part of the centralizer of e in g. As an application, we prove that the isomorphism type of the finite W-algebra attached to a good R-grading for e is independent of the particular choice of good grading.
description: 27 pages
The integrated bispectrum as a test of CMB non-Gaussianity: detection power and limits on f_NL with WMAP data
Creators: name: Cabella, P.
name: Hansen, F. K.
name: Liguori, M.
name: Marinucci, D.
name: Matarrese, S.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Vittorio, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a fast and efficient bispectrum statistic for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropies to constrain the amplitude of the primordial non-Gaussian signal measured in terms of the non-linear coupling parameter f_NL. We show how the method can achieve a remarkable computational advantage by focussing on subsets of the multipole configurations, where the non-Gaussian signal is more concentrated. The detection power of the test, increases roughly linearly with the maximum multipole, as shown in the ideal case of an experiment without noise and gaps. The CPU-time scales as l_{max}^3 instead of l_{max}^5 for the full bispectrum which for Planck resolution l_{max} \sim 3000 means an improvement in speed of a factor 10^7 compared to the full bispectrum analysis with minor loss in precision. We find that the introduction of a galactic cut partially destroys the optimality of the configuration, which will then need to be dealt with in the future. We find for an ideal experiment with l_{max}=2000 that upper limits of f_{NL}<8 can be obtained at 1 sigma. For the case of the WMAP experiment, we would be able to put limits of |f_{NL}|<40 if no galactic cut were present. Using the real data with galactic cut, we obtain an estimate of -80
description: submitted to MNRAS
High Temperature Virial Expansion to Universal Quench Dynamics
Creators: name: Sun, Mingyuan
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Zhai, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High temperature virial expansion is a powerful tool in equilibrium statistical mechanics. In this letter we generalize the high temperature virial expansion approach to treat far-from-equilibrium quench dynamics. As an application of our framework, we study the dynamics of a Bose gas quenched from non-interacting to unitarity, and we compare our theoretical results with unexplained experimental results by the Cambridge group [Eigen et al., Nature 563, 221 (2018)]. We show that, during the quench dynamics, the momentum distribution decreases for low-momentum part with $kk^*$, where $k^*$ is a characteristic momentum scale separating the low- and the high-momentum regimes. We determine the universal value of $k^*λ$ that agrees perfectly with the experiment, with $λ$ being the thermal de Broglie wave length. We also find a jump of the half-way relaxation time across $k^*λ$ and the non-monotonic behavior of energy distribution, both of which agree with the experiment. Finally, we address the issue whether the long-time steady state thermalizes or not, and we find that this state does thermalize except for the very high momentum tail with $kλ\gg 1$. Our framework can also be applied to quench dynamics in other systems.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures