cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nu Tools: Exploring Practical Roles for Neutrinos in Nuclear Energy and Security
Creators: name: Akindele, Oluwatomi
name: Bowden, Nathaniel
name: Carr, Rachel
name: Conant, Andrew
name: Diwan, Milind
name: Erickson, Anna
name: Foxe, Michael
name: Goldblum, Bethany L.
name: Huber, Patrick
name: Jovanovic, Igor
name: Link, Jonathan
name: Littlejohn, Bryce
name: Mumm, Pieter
name: Newby, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For decades, physicists have used neutrinos from nuclear reactors to advance basic science. These pursuits have inspired many ideas for application of neutrino detectors in nuclear energy and security. While developments in neutrino detectors are now making some of these ideas technically feasible, their value in the context of real needs and constraints has been unclear. This report seeks to help focus the picture of where neutrino technology may find practical roles in nuclear energy and security. This report is the final product of the Nu Tools study, commissioned in 2019 by the DOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Development (DNN R&D). The study was conducted over two years by a group of neutrino physicists and nuclear engineers. A central theme of the study and this report is that useful application of neutrinos will depend not only on advancing physics and technology but also on understanding the needs and constraints of potential end-users. The Study Approach emphasized broad end-user engagement. The major effort, undertaken from May to December 2020, was a series of engagements with the wider nuclear energy and security communities. Interviews with 41 experts revealed points of common understanding, which this report captures in three Cross-Cutting Findings, a Framework for Evaluating Utility, and seven Use Case Findings. The report concludes with two Recommendations. The findings and recommendations are summarized below. The respective ordering within each category does not represent a prioritization or implied value judgement.
Velocity autocorrelation function of fluctuating particles in incompressible fluids. Toward direct numerical simulation of particle dispersions
Creators: name: Iwashita, Takuya
name: Nakayama, Yasuya
name: Yamamoto, Ryoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motions of fluctuating Brownian particles in an incompressible viscous fluid have been studied by coupled simulations of Brownian particles and host fluid. We calculated the velocity autocorrelation functions of Brownian particles and compared them with the theoretical results. Extensive discussions have been made on the time scales for which our numerical model is valid.
Factors predicting mortality after tips for refractory ascites: a single center experience
Creators: name: Lodato, Francesca <1975>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2010
Subjects: MED/12 Gastroenterologia

description: Introduction: Transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) is an accepted indication for treating refractory ascites. Different models have been proposed for the prediction of survival after TIPS; aim of present study was to evaluate the factors associated with mortality after TIPS for refractory ascites.
Methods: Seventy-three consecutive patients undergoing a TIPS for refractory ascites in our centre between 2003 and 2008, were prospectively recorded in a database ad were the  subject of the study. Mean follow-up was 17±2 months. Forty patients were awaiting liver transplantation (LT) and 12 (16.4%) underwent LT during follow-up.
Results: Mean MELD at the moment of TIPS was 15.7±5.3. Overall mortality was 23.3% (n=17) with a mean survival after TIPS of 17±14 months. MELD score (B=0.161, p=0.042), AST (B= 0.020, p=0.090) and pre-TIPS HVPG (B=0.016, p=0.093) were independent predictors of overall mortality. On multivariate analysis MELD (B=0.419, p=0.018) and pre-TIPS HVPG (B=0.223, p=0.060) independently predicted 1 year survival. Patients were stratified into categories of death risk, using ROC curves for the variables MELD and HVPG. Patients with MELD<10 had a low probability of death after TIPS (n=6, 16% mortality); patients with HVPG <16 mmHg (n=6) had no mortality. Maximum risk of death was found in patients with MELD score 19 (n=16, 31% mortality) and in those with HVPG 25 mmHg (n=27, 26% mortality).
Conclusions: TIPS increases overall survival in patients with refractory ascites. Liver function (assessed by MELD), necroinflammation (AST) and portal hypertension (HVPG) are independent predictors of survival; patients with MELD>19 and HVPG>25 mmHg are at highest risk of death after TIPS
Gradients of chemical abundances in the Milky Way from HII regions: distances derived from Gaia EDR3 parallaxes and temperature inhomogeneities
Creators: name: Méndez-Delgado, J. E.
name: Amayo, A.
name: Arellano-Córdova, K. Z.
name: Esteban, C.
name: García-Rojas, J.
name: Carigi, L.
name: Delgado-Inglada, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a reassessment of the radial abundance gradients of He, C, N, O, Ne, S, Cl, and Ar in the Milky Way using the deep optical spectra of 42 HII regions presented in Arellano-Córdova et al. (2020, 2021) and Méndez-Delgado et al. (2020) exploring the impact of: (1) new distance determinations based on Gaia EDR3 parallaxes and (2) the use of Peimbert's temperature fluctuations paradigm ($t ^ 2> 0$) for deriving ionic abundances. We find that distances based on Gaia EDR3 data are more consistent with kinematic ones based on Galactic rotation curves calibrated with radio parallaxes, which give less dispersion and uncertainties than those calibrated with spectrophotometric stellar distances. The distances based on the Gaia parallaxes --DR2 or EDR3-- eliminate the internal flattening observed in previous determinations of the Galactic gradients at smaller distances than $\sim 7$ kpc. Abundances and gradients determined assuming $ t ^ 2> 0 $ -- not only for O but also for the rest of elements -- are not affected by the abundance discrepancy problem and give elemental abundances much consistent with the solar ones for most elements. We find that our radial abundance gradient of He is consistent with the most accurate estimates of the primordial He abundance. We do not find evidence of azimuthal variations in the chemical abundances of our sample. Moreover, the small dispersion in the O gradient -- indicator of metallicity in photoionized regions -- indicate that the gas of the HII regions is well mixed in the sampled areas of the Galaxy.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Applicazione ed integrazione di metodi di prospezione geofisica: studio idrogeofisico della Zona Insatura in condizioni idriche controllate
Creators: name: Durante, Paolo <1977>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2007
Subjects: GEO/11 Geofisica applicata

description: Il lavoro è incentrato sull’applicazione ed integrazione di differenti tecniche di indagine geofisica in campo ambientale e ingegneristico/archeologico. Alcuni esempi sono stati descritti al fine di dimostrare l’utilità delle metodologie geofisiche nella risoluzione di svariate problematiche. Nello specifico l’attenzione è stata rivolta all’utilizzo delle tecniche del Ground Penetrating Radar e del Time Domain Reflectometry in misure condotte su un corpo
sabbioso simulante una Zona Insatura. L’esperimento è stato realizzato all’interno di un’area test costruita presso l’azienda agricola dell’Università La Tuscia di Viterbo. Hanno partecipato al progetto le Università di Roma Tre, Roma La Sapienza, La Tuscia, con il supporto tecnico della Sensore&Software. Nello studio è stato condotto un approccio definito idrogeofisico al fine di ottenere informazioni da misure dei parametri fisici relativi alla Zona Insatura simulata nell’area test. Il confronto e l’integrazione delle due differenti tecniche di indagine ha offerto la possibilità di estendere la profondità di indagine all’interno del corpo sabbioso e di verificare l’utilità della tecnica GPR nello studio degli effetti legati alle variazioni del contenuto d’acqua nel suolo, oltre a determinare la posizione della superficie piezometrica per i differenti scenari di saturazione. Uno specifico studio è stato realizzato sul segnale radar al fine di stabilire i fattori di influenza sulla sua propagazione all’interno del suolo. Il comportamento dei parametri dielettrici nelle condizioni di drenaggio e di imbibizione del corpo sabbioso è stato riprodotto attraverso una modellizzazione delle proprietà dielettriche ed idrologiche sulla base della dimensione, forma e distribuzione dei granuli di roccia e pori, nonché sulla base della storia relativa alla distribuzione dei fluidi di saturazione all’interno del
mezzo. La modellizzazione è stata operata sulle basi concettuali del Differential Effective Medium Approximation.
Crowding in the residential environment
Creators: name: Howard, Barbara Jean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: High density — in the form of overcrowding of dwelling units, or the number of people or dwelling units per acre — has traditionally been regarded as a leading factor in the environment which brings about pathology and social disorganization of all kinds. The purpose of this study is to promote a clearer understanding of the response of the individual to high density in the residential environment in terms of behavior and health. The study is based on a review and critical examination of the literature concerning (a) previous investigations of the effects of high residential densities (correlational and epidemiological studies, extent and kind of social interaction, satisfaction, and family life), as well as (b) related research (animal studies, experimental investigations of the human effects of high densities, and the human use of space). The integration of these findings indicates an overall lack of rigorous scientific evidence concerning the adverse effects of high density on human behavior and health. Conceptual analysis of this evidence, however, indicates that the human effects of high densities appear to depend mainly on: (a) social aspects of the situation or environment, (b) personal attributes or characteristics of the individual, (c) cultural norms, (d) the type of activity involved, (e) temporal duration (i.e., length of exposure), and (f) physical factors in addition to density variables. The study also includes a review of recent theoretical perspectives concerning the relationship between high densities, pathology and social disorganization. The bulk of these perspectives rely on the concept of stress as a link between high densities and potentially adverse consequences for the individual. A functional discussion of present stress knowledge is followed by the description of a Conceptual Model of Crowding in the Residential Environment, which is suggested as a theoretical framework for future research on the effects of high residential densities. The conceptual model is based on Stokols1 Equilibrium Model of Human Response to Crowding (Stokols, 1972), which has been modified somewhat and applied to the residential environment. The concluding chapter suggests that performance standards, based on the behavior-contingent approach to the designed environment, are necessary criteria for the evaluation of high density residential development in order to avoid undue stress on the part of the individual.
The Making of Catalogues of Very-High-Energy γ-ray Sources
Creators: name: de Naurois, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thirty years after the discovery of the first very-high-energy γ-ray source by the Whipple telescope, the field experienced a revolution mainly driven by the third generation of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). The combined use of large mirrors and the invention of the imaging technique at the Whipple telescope, stereoscopic observations, developed by the HEGRA array and the fine-grained camera, pioneered by the CAT telescope, led to a jump by a factor of more than ten in sensitivity. The advent of advanced analysis techniques led to a vast improvement in background rejection, as well as in angular and energy resolutions. Recent instruments already have to deal with a very large amount of data (petabytes), containing a large number of sources often very extended (at least within the Galactic plane) and overlapping each other, and the situation will become even more dramatic with future instruments. The first large catalogues of sources have emerged during the last decade, which required numerous, dedicated observations and developments, but also made the first population studies possible. This paper is an attempt to summarize the evolution of the field towards the building up of the source catalogues, to describe the first population studies already made possible, and to give some perspectives in the context of the upcoming, new generation of instruments.
description: 32 pages, 20 figures
CA-SBA-661: Archaeological site record for CA-SBA-661
Creators: name: Kekich, Jessica
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Santa Barbara (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3486/santa-barbara-county
subject: Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85469/vandenberg-air-force-base-vafb
subject: Vandenberg Space Force Base (VSFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85584/vandenberg-space-force-base-vsfb
subject: United States of America (Country)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/384/united-states-of-america-country
subject: North America (Continent)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2890/north-america-continent
subject: California (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/1484/california-state-territory
subject: Grey Canyon North
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/138095/grey-canyon-north
subject: CA-SBA-661
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/93087/ca-sba-661
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Small seaside habitation site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/5306/small-seaside-habitation-site
subject: Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/347/midden
subject: Trace to moderate density shell midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/5307/trace-to-moderate-density-shell-midden
subject: Moderate density chipping detritus
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/5308/moderate-density-chipping-detritus
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Haliotis sp. (Abalone)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4190/haliotis-sp-abalone
subject: Unifacial sandstone mano
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4768/unifacial-sandstone-mano
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Mytilus sp. (Mussel)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4359/mytilus-sp-mussel
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey

description: This document is the archaeological site record for CA-SBA-661. The record consists of 3 recordation events.
New approaches for faint source detection in hard X-ray surveys
Creators: name: Lepingwell, V. A.
name: Bird, A. J.
name: Gunn, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate two new approaches that have been developed to aid the production of future hard X-ray catalogs, and specifically to reduce the reliance on human intervention during the detection of faint excesses in maps that also contain systematic noise. A convolutional neural network has been trained on data from the INTEGRAL/ISGRI telescope to create a source detection tool that is more sensitive than previous methods, whilst taking less time to apply to the data and reducing the human subjectivity involved in the process. This new tool also enables searches on smaller observation timescales than was previously possible. We show that a method based on Bayesian reasoning is better able to combine the detections from multiple observations than previous methods. When applied to data from the first 1000 INTEGRAL revolutions these improved techniques detect 25 sources (about 5% of the total sources) which were previously undetected in the stacked images used to derive the published catalog made using the same dataset.
description: 10 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Nickelate Renaissance
Creators: name: Mitchell, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 2019 discovery of high temperature superconductivity in layered nickelate films, Nd$_{1-x}$SrNiO$_2$, has galvanized a community that has been studying nickelates for more than 30 years both as cuprate analogs and in their own right. On the surface, infinite layer nickelates, and their multilayer analogs, should be promising candidates based on our understanding of cuprates: square planar coordination and a parent d9 configuration that places a single hole in a dx2-y2 planar orbital makes nickelates seem poised for superconductivity. But creating crystals and films of sufficient quality of this d9 configuration in Ni1+ has proven to be a synthetic challenge, only recently overcome. These crystalline specimens are opening windows that shed new light on the cuprate-nickelate analogy and revealing nuances that leave the relationship between cuprates and nickelates very much an area open to debate further study. This Perspective gives a qualitative, phenomenological account of these newly discovered superconductors and multilayer members of the infinite layer nickelate family. The focus is on our current understanding of electronic and magnetic properties of these materials as well as some future opportunities, explored from the viewpoint of synthetic challenges and some suggested developments in materials discovery and growth to make further progress in this rejuvenated field.
THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF ASEAN COUNTRIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Creators: name: Yusuf, Iwan Awaluddin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The literature review on The Digital Economy and Digital Transformation of ASEAN Countries. This is part of a working paper group titled The Assessment of the State of the Digital Economy in South-East Asia, which has not yet been published.
H3+ and UKIRT: a saga of discovery
Creators: name: Geballe, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper relates the history of attempts to detect H3+ in the dense interstellar medium, from the early 1980's to the successful detection in 1996.
description: 7 pages incl. 1 figure, pdf
Quarkonia measurement in p+p and d+Au collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV by PHENIX Detector
Creators: name: da Silva, Cesar Luiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report new quarkonia measurements necessary to understand production mechanisms and cold nuclear matter effects in the yields observed at RHIC energy. Results obtained in p+p collisions collected during the 2006 RHIC Run include J/psi, Psi' and Upsilon differential cross sections as well as J/psi polarization. Revisited interpretations of the published J/psi nuclear modification factors and statistically improved observations in d+Au collisions taken in the 2008 Run are also discussed in the view of the recent understanding of the initial state effects and breakup cross section.
description: 4 pages, 10 figures, Proceedings for Quark Matter 2009 Conference in Knoxville,TN,USA
Adaptive Beamwidth Configuration for Millimeter Wave V2X Scheduling
Creators: name: Coll-Perales, Baldomero
name: Gozalvez, Javier
name: Egea-Lopez, Esteban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies will support the high bandwidth and data rate requirements of V2X services demanded by connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). MmWave V2X technologies will leverage directional antennas that challenge the management of the communications in dynamic scenarios including the identification of available links, beams alignment, and scheduling. Previous studies have shown that these challenges can be reduced when mmWave communications are supported by side information like the one transmitted in sub-6GHz V2X technologies. In this context, this paper proposes a beamwidth-aware mmWave scheduling scheme for V2V communications supported by sub-6GHz V2X technologies. The proposal enables mmWave transmitters to schedule a mmWave transmission to several neighboring vehicles at the same time by adapting the beamwidth configuration. In addition, the proposal derives the minimum beamwidth that mmWave transmitters should use to contact their neighboring vehicles in a limited number of scheduling intervals. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposal helps increasing the amount of mmWave data that can be transmitted to neighboring vehicles.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Emergent Einstein Universe under Deconstruction
Creators: name: Kan, Nahomi
name: Shiraishi, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study self-consistent static solutions for an Einstein universe in a graph-based induced gravity. The one-loop quantum action is computed at finite temperature. In particular, we demonstrate specific results for the models based on cycle graphs.
description: 15 pages, three figures, use ptptex
Turbulence in Wind-Blown Bubbles around Massive Stars
Creators: name: Dwarkadas, Vikram V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Winds from massive stars (> 8 solar masses) result in the formation of wind-blown "bubbles" around these stars. In this paper we study, via two-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic simulations, the onset and growth of turbulence during the formation and evolution of these wind-blown "bubbles". Our simulations reveal the formation of vortex rolls during the Main-Sequence stage of the evolution, and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in the subsequent stages due to accelerating and/or decelerating wind-blown shells. The bubble shows a very turbulent interior just prior to the death of the star, with a significant percentage of the internal energy expended in non-radial motions. This would affect the subsequent evolution of the resultant supernova shock wave. We discuss the implications of these results, show how the ratio of kinetic energy in radial versus non-radial motions varies throughout the evolution, and discuss how these results would carry over to three dimensions.
description: 12 pages, 5 Figs, in proceedings of "Turbulent Mixing and Beyond". This is an author-created, un-copyedited version accepted for publication to Physica Scripta T. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher authenticated version will be available online
On supremum of bounded quantum observable
Creators: name: Weihua, Liu
name: Junde, Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a new necessary and sufficient condition for which the supremum exists with respect to the logic order. Moreover, we give out a new and much simpler representation of the supremum with respect to the order, our results have nice physical meanings.
Capacity Scaling of Single-source Wireless Networks: Effect of Multiple Antennas
Creators: name: Jeon, Sang-Woon
name: Chung, Sae-Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a wireless network in which a single source node located at the center of a unit area having $m$ antennas transmits messages to $n$ randomly located destination nodes in the same area having a single antenna each. To achieve the sum-rate proportional to $m$ by transmit beamforming, channel state information (CSI) is essentially required at the transmitter (CSIT), which is hard to obtain in practice because of the time-varying nature of the channels and feedback overhead. We show that, even without CSIT, the achievable sum-rate scales as $Θ(m\log m)$ if a cooperation between receivers is allowed. By deriving the cut-set upper bound, we also show that $Θ(m\log m)$ scaling is optimal. Specifically, for $n=ω(m^2)$, the simple TDMA-based quantize-and-forward is enough to achieve the capacity scaling. For $n=ω(m)$ and $n=\operatorname{O}(m^2)$, on the other hand, we apply the hierarchical cooperation to achieve the capacity scaling.
description: Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Shrinkage Algorithms for MMSE Covariance Estimation
Creators: name: Chen, Yilun
name: Wiesel, Ami
name: Eldar, Yonina C.
name: Hero, Alfred O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We address covariance estimation in the sense of minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) for Gaussian samples. Specifically, we consider shrinkage methods which are suitable for high dimensional problems with a small number of samples (large p small n). First, we improve on the Ledoit-Wolf (LW) method by conditioning on a sufficient statistic. By the Rao-Blackwell theorem, this yields a new estimator called RBLW, whose mean-squared error dominates that of LW for Gaussian variables. Second, to further reduce the estimation error, we propose an iterative approach which approximates the clairvoyant shrinkage estimator. Convergence of this iterative method is established and a closed form expression for the limit is determined, which is referred to as the oracle approximating shrinkage (OAS) estimator. Both RBLW and OAS estimators have simple expressions and are easily implemented. Although the two methods are developed from different persepctives, their structure is identical up to specified constants. The RBLW estimator provably dominates the LW method. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the OAS approach can perform even better than RBLW, especially when n is much less than p. We also demonstrate the performance of these techniques in the context of adaptive beamforming.
X-rays from the explosion site: Fifteen years of light curves of SN 1993J
Creators: name: Chandra, Poonam
name: Dwarkadas, Vikram V.
name: Ray, Alak
name: Immler, Stefan
name: Pooley, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive analysis of the X-ray light curves of SN 1993J in a nearby galaxy M81. This is the only supernova other than SN 1987A, which is so extensively followed in the X-ray bands. Here we report on SN 1993J observations with the {\it Chandra} in the year 2005 and 2008, and Swift observations in 2005, 2006 and 2008. We combined these observations with all available archival data of SN 1993J, which includes ROSAT, ASCA, {\it Chandra}, and XMM-{\it Newton} observations from 1993 April to 2006 August. In this paper we report the X-ray light curves of SN 1993J, extending up to fifteen years, in the soft (0.3--2.4 keV), hard (2--8 keV) and combined (0.3--8 keV) bands. The hard and soft-band fluxes decline at different rates initially, but after about 5 years they both undergo a $t^{-1}$ decline. The soft X-rays, which are initially low, start dominating after a few hundred days. We interpret that most of the emission below 8 keV is coming from the reverse shock which is radiative initially for around first 1000-2000 days and then turn into adiabatic shock. Our hydrodynamic simulation also confirms the reverse shock origin of the observed light curves. We also compare the H$α$ line luminosity of SN 1993J with its X-ray light curve and note that the H$α$ line luminosity has a fairly high fraction of the X-ray emission, indicating presence of clumps in the emitting plasma.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Foreign investment decisions of European companies : a test of the oligopolistic competition model
Creators: name: Himmelsbach, Hans-Joachim
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: It is the purpose of this study to investigate the validity of the theory which states that foreign direct investment is, to a large extent, the result of oligopolistic industry structure and government intervention in a freely competitive market, and as such it is chiefly defensive investment by firms which match each others' moves. As a first step of the analysis the oligopolistic investment theory, its assumptions and implications are presented. For the purpose of statistical investigation information obtained during personal interviews with executives of forty-three internationally operating firms domiciled in seven European countries was used. Entry Concentration Indices by industry measuring degrees of defensive investment behaviour within each of the five industry groups surveyed, were calculated and correlated with variables expressing oligopolistic conditions in markets of products and factors of production. Entry Concentration Indices by country or area, expressing degrees to which all industries tended to concentrate their investments in certain countries or areas, and ECIs by industry were correlated with variables expressing home and host country government intervention in the economy, such as investment incentives, discouragement of domestic expansion and measures restricting international trade such as tariffs and other restrictive trade policies. The evidence presented appeared to justify at least partial acceptance of the hypothesis, as the existence of weak positive linkages emerged between ECIs and such variables as degree of product differentiation, market control and particularly level of technological sophistication of the parent firm. A test involving the profitability of the parent firms and their propensity to react to foreign investment decisions arrived at by their rivals tended to point out that firms operating at low or declining domestic profit margins tended to concentrate their foreign investments to a larger extent than the more profitable companies. Alternatives to oligopolistic investment behaviour, such as product diversification and licensing, proved to be undesirable courses of action to the oligopolist. Finally, it was shown that government incentives granted by the authorities of either the firms' home countries or by those of the prospective host countries proved to be ineffective in their impact upon corporate investment decisions. However penalties or restrictions used by governments appeared to have more pronounced effects upon such decisions.
Characterization of pigmented cereal grains and production of functional food: anthocyanins-enriched pasta
Creators: name: ABBASI PARIZAD, PARISA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: This study was aimed at characterizing the anthocyanin profile in different varieties of pigmented corn and wheat and in some of their milling fractions, at assessing the anthocyanins and polyphenol profiles, and at investigating the anti-inflammatory and enzyme-inhibiting activities of these materials. Acid/ethanol extracts were used to assess total anthocyanins, overall antioxidant activity, the overall polyphenol profile, and for evaluating the inhibition of pancreatic a-amylase and of intestinal alpha-glucosidase. Dose-dependent inhibition of both enzymes was evident in all extracts within the same range of bioactives concentration, although with a different efficiency of individual extracts towards each enzyme. Anti-inflammatory response was evaluated by using acid-free extracts and a cellular model based on Caco-2 cells transiently transfected with a luciferase reporter gene responding to cytokine stimulation. The response of interleukin-stimulated cells decreased significantly in a dose-responsive manner in the presence of 20-50 micromol/liter anthocyanins from all grains extracts, again with a different efficiency. By comparing the different inhibitory ability of extracts from the various sources, it appears that the observed effects are in most cases higher than what observed in similar extracts from other sources, and that the activity in each extract may be related to specific synergies between anthocyanins and polyphenols. Therefore, we attempted to incorporate these materials into staple food. Purple pasta was prepared by introducing anthocyanin-rich fractions from purple wheat (PWF1 & PWF2), into soft wheat flour and durum wheat semolina. Bioactive levels were assessed in the different types of pasta after production and after cooking. Acid/ethanol extracts from cooked pasta retained high levels of TAC and TPC, as well as significant anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory properties on cell models, and enzyme inhibitory activities. Thus, in conclusion, it can be stated that foods incorporating a naturally rich source of bioactive compounds. retain beneficial properties for the organism also after cooking.
Simple model of self-supported deformed states of isolated atoms
Creators: name: Bialynicki-Birula, Iwo
name: Bialynicka-Birula, Zofia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple three-body model of an atom in which one electron on a circular Rydberg orbit is treated as an independent particle and the remaining core electrons are collectively described as a single object. Within this model we predict the existence of stable deformed states of atoms. The deformation is generated by a bootstrap mechanism. The atomic core is polarized by the excited electron and the induced dipole moment keeps this electron localized. The deformed stable states of the atom are similar to the Trojan states observed in recent experiments. However, in the present case the breaking of the rotational symmetry does not require the presence of external fields.
description: 0 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. A
An Early Transition to Magnetic Supercriticality in Star Formation
Creators: name: Ching, Tao-Chung
name: Li, Di
name: Heiles, Carl
name: Li, Zhi-Yun
name: Qian, Lei
name: Yue, Youling
name: Tang, Jing
name: Jiao, Sihan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic fields play an important role in the evolution of interstellar medium and star formation. As the only direct probe of interstellar field strength, credible Zeeman measurements remain sparse due to the lack of suitable Zeeman probes, particularly for cold, molecular gas. Here we report the detection of a magnetic field of $+$3.8 $\pm$ 0.3 $μ$G through the HI narrow self-absorption (HINSA) toward L1544, a well-studied prototypical prestellar core in an early transition between starless and protostellar phases characterized by high central number density and low central temperature. A combined analysis of the Zeeman measurements of quasar HI absorption, HI emission, OH emission, and HINSA reveals a coherent magnetic field from the atomic cold neutral medium (CNM) to the molecular envelope. The molecular envelope traced by HINSA is found to be magnetically supercritical, with a field strength comparable to that of the surrounding diffuse, magnetically subcritical CNM despite a large increase in density. The reduction of the magnetic flux relative to the mass, necessary for star formation, thus seems to have already happened during the transition from the diffuse CNM to the molecular gas traced by HINSA, earlier than envisioned in the classical picture where magnetically supercritical cores capable of collapsing into stars form out of magnetically subcritical envelopes.
description: 3 figures, 1 table, Nature accepted
EXOSOMES SIGNALLING IN HUMAN GLIOMA STEM CELLS: THE CENTRAL ROLE OF V-ATPASE PROTON PUMP ACTIVITY
Creators: name: BERTOLINI, IRENE
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: Recent evidences highlighted that glioblastomas (GBM) secreted microvesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes (Exo) and large oncosomes (LO), play a major role in the cross-talk between tumor cell and non-neoplastic parenchyma. Recent work from our group has identified the vacuolar pump H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) as an important effector of GBM growth and glioma stem cells (GSC) maintenance. Additionally, in ExoCarta database V-ATPase subunits have been described in Exo from different cancer cell types. Taken together, these data identify V-ATPase as an important driver of gliomagenesis, and a novel, actionable therapeutic target for disease intervention. However, the role of V-ATPase in reprogramming the GBM microenvironment has not been previously investigated. The aim of this project was investigate production, biological effect and content of extracellular vesicles according to proton pump activity in glioma stem cells. Our data show that GSC are able to produce different types of EVs, which are internalized by recipient cells of different histology, such as non-neoplastic brain tumor margins, primary GBM monolayers (both differentiated and undifferentiated), and commercial glioma cultures. Exo and LO from GSC induces in recipient cells distinct effects. In particular, Exo significantly increased cell growth and cell motility, and these effects were stronger with Exo produced by NS with higher V-ATPase expression (V1G1HIGH NS). On the other hand, LO were able to strongly induce the sphere formation ability of primary GBM cultures. This effect lasted up 90 days after co-culture. In both situations, the block of V-ATPase activity by Bafilomycin A1 in NS-producing EVs completely reverted the effects. Interestingly, exosomes are able to vehiculate on their surface the V-ATPase G1 subunit, and its protein level increased in recipient cells after co-culture with EVs. At the molecular level, profiling of Exo-derived miRNAs distinguishes V1G1HIGH NS from V1G1LOW cultures. In silico analysis and annotation of miRNA target genes showed an enrichment of cancer, cell cycle and MAPK/Erk pathways. Regarding signaling pathway modulation by Exo in recipient cells, exosomes from V1G1HIGH NS activated the MAPK/Erk pathway. Altogether, these data point toward the central role of different EV types in GBM communication and suggest a role of the V-ATPase proton pump in regulating exosomes contents.
APPLICATIONS OF PRIME DENSITIES IN NUMBER THEORY AND CLASSIFICATION OF NUMBER FIELDS WITH BOUNDED INVARIANTS
Creators: name: BATTISTONI, FRANCESCO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: This Ph.D. thesis collects the author's works and interests in several parts of Number Theory, from algebraic problems related to relations between number fields which are based on the factorization of prime numbers in the rings of integers, up to the application of tools concerning the density of primes with given splitting type in number fields to the computation of the average rank of specific families of elliptic curves, concluding finally with the classification and estimate of the main invariants of a number field, like the discriminant and the regulator, pursued by means of analytic formulas and algorithmic methods developed on the previous tools and implemented on suitable computer algebra systems, like PARI/GP.
A semi-modular approach to programming by questionnaire, as illustrated by a general service system simulator
Creators: name: Siu, John K.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Simulation is a powerful technique to analyse decision problems, but the high cost associated with computer simulation has impeded its practical application. The objective of this research is to develop an approach to reduce the cost. An extensive study of the existing techniques which would reduce the costs of computer simulation (and/or programming) was undertaken. The contribution of this study has been the development of a modular concept of model formulation and a semi-modular approach of programming by questionnaire. These provide the basis for an effective program-generator. As an illustration, a General Service System Simulator (G.S.S.S.) was built. Several experiments were conducted to test its efficiency and characteristics. Two major conclusions were apparent: (a) the approach introduced is valid and feasible; (b) The General Service System Simulator itself is a very valuable tool.
Jet quenching and the gravity dual
Creators: name: Mia, Mohammed
name: Gale, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the momentum broadening of an energetic parton as it moves through strongly interacting matter, using the gravity dual of a non conformal gauge theory with matter in the fundamental representation. Our approach defines a family of theories, all of which have logarithmic running of the couplings in the far IR but becomes almost conformal in the far UV. For a given set of degrees of freedom, we obtain average transverse momentum square of the parton as a function of temperature and compare with results obtained from the AdS/CFT correspondence.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures - To appear in the conference proceedings for Quark Matter 2009, March 30 - April 4, Knoxville, Tennessee
Unambiguous state discrimination with intrinsic coherence
Creators: name: Zhang, Jin-Hua
name: Zhang, Fu-Lin
name: Wang, Zhi-Xi
name: Yang, Hui
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the discrimination of pure-mixed (quantum filtering) and mixed-mixed states and compare their optimal success probability with the one for discriminating other pairs of pure states superposed by the vectors included in the mixed states. We prove that under the equal-fidelity condition, the pure-pure state discrimination scheme is superior to the pure-mixed (mixed-mixed) one. With respect to quantum filtering, the coherence exists only in one pure state and is detrimental to the state discrimination for lower dimensional systems; while it is the opposite for the mixed-mixed case with symmetrically distributed coherence. Making an extension to infinite-dimensional systems, we find that the coherence which is detrimental to state discrimination may become helpful and vice versa.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
On the effective models of spin-orbit coupling in a two-dimensional electron gas
Creators: name: Samokhin, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the method of invariants to derive one- and two-band effective Hamiltonians of a noncentrosymmetric two-dimensional electron gas, in the presence of magnetic field. A complete classification of the antisymmetric spin-orbit and magnetic coupling terms near the $Γ$ point is developed for all two-dimensional crystal symmetries. The effective Hamiltonian depends on the symmetry of the Bloch bands at the $Γ$ point, which is described by one of the double-valued corepresentations of the two-dimensional magnetic point group. In some bands, the spin-orbit coupling is cubic in the electron momentum and the effective Zeeman interaction is strongly anisotropic. As an example of a two-band effective Hamiltonian, we introduce a simple model of a topological insulator with the intraband and interband spin-orbit coupling and investigate its bulk and boundary properties.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures
Using Silent Writes in Low-Power Traffic-Aware ECC
Creators: name: Kishani, Mostafa
name: Baniasadi, Amirali
name: Pedram, Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using Error Detection Code (EDC) and Error Correction Code (ECC) is a noteworthy way to increase cache memories robustness against soft errors. EDC enables detecting errors in cache memory while ECC is used to correct erroneous cache blocks. ECCs are often costly as they impose considerable area and energy overhead on cache memory. Reducing this overhead has been the subject of many studies. In particular, a previous study has suggested mapping ECC to the main memory at the expense of high cache traffic and energy. A major source of this excessive traffic and energy is the high frequency of cache writes. In this work, we show that a significant portion of cache writes are silent, i.e., they write the same data already existing. We build on this observation and introduce Traffic-aware ECC (or simply TCC). TCC detects silent writes by an efficient mechanism. Once such writes are detected updating their ECC is avoided effectively reducing L2 cache traffic and access frequency. Using our solution, we reduce L2 cache access frequency by 8% while maintaining performance. We reduce L2 cache dynamic and overall cache energy by up to 32% and 8%, respectively. Furthermore, TCC reduces L2 cache miss rate by 3%.