cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Primordial fractal density perturbations and structure formation in the Universe: 1-Dimensional collisionless sheet model
Creators: name: Tatekawa, Takayuki
name: Maeda, Kei-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-point correlation function of galaxy distribution shows that the structure in the present Universe is scale-free up to a certain scale (at least several tens Mpc), which suggests that a fractal structure may exist. If small primordial density fluctuations have a fractal structure, the present fractal-like nonlinear structure below the horizon scale could be naturally explained. We analyze the time evolution of fractal density perturbations in Einstein-de Sitter universe, and study how the perturbation evolves and what kind of nonlinear structure will come out. We assume a one-dimensional collisionless sheet model with initial Cantor-type fractal perturbations. The nonlinear structure seems to approach some attractor with a unique fractal dimension, which is independent of the fractal dimensions of initial perturbations. A discrete self-similarity in the phase space is also found when the universal nonlinear fractal structure is reached.
description: 17 pages, 19 jpeg figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Figures are also available from http://www.phys.waseda.ac.jp/gravity/~tatekawa/0003124/figs.tar.gz
Embedding of some classes of operators into strongly continuous semigroups
Creators: name: Chalendar, Isabelle
name: Lebreton, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study the embedding problem of an operator into a strongly continuous semigroup. We obtain characterizations for some classes of operators, namely composition operators and analytic Toeplitz operators on the Hardy space H^2. In particular, we focus on the isometric ones using the necessary and sufficient condition observed by T. Eisner.
Dark halo densities, substructure, and the initial power spectrum
Creators: name: Bullock, James S.
name: Zentner, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the currently favored cold dark matter plus cosmological constant model for structure formation assumes an n=1 scale-invariant initial power spectrum, most inflation models produce at least mild deviations from n=1. Because the lever arm from the CMB normalization to galaxy scales is long, even a small ``tilt'' can have important implications for galactic observations. Here we calculate the COBE-normalized power spectra for several well-motivated models of inflation and compute implications for the substructure content and central densities of galaxy halos. Using an analytic model, normalized against N-body simulations, we show that while halos in the standard (n=1) model are overdense by a factor of ~6 compared to observations, several of our example inflation+LCDM models predict halo densities well within the range of observations, which prefer models with n ~ 0.85. We go on to use a semi-analytic model (also normalized against N-body simulations) to follow the merger histories of galaxy-sized halos and track the orbital decay, disruption, and evolution of the merging substructure. Models with n ~0.85 predict a factor of ~3 fewer subhalos at a fixed circular velocity than the standard $n = 1$ case. Although this level of reduction does not resolve the ``dwarf satellite problem'', it does imply that the level of feedback required to match the observed number of dwarfs is sensitive to the initial power spectrum. Finally, the fraction of galaxy-halo mass that is bound up in substructure is consistent with limits imposed by multiply imaged quasars for all models considered: f_sub > 0.01 even for an effective tilt of n ~0.8.We conclude that, at their current level, lensing constraints of this kind do not provide strong limits on the primordial power spectrum.
description: Dark Matter 2002 Contribution, 5 pages, 4 figures
Pediculaster Vitzthum 1931
Creators: name: Khaustov, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Siteroptidae
Pediculaster

description: Genus Pediculaster Vitzthum, 1931
 Type species: Pygmephorus mesembrinae Canestrini, 1881, by original designation.
description: Published as part of Khaustov, Alexander A., 2022, First description of phoretic and redescription of non-phoretic females of Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka) (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia, pp. 359-377 in Acarologia 62 (2) on page 360, DOI: 10.24349/zk54-xqx6, http://zenodo.org/record/7160358
title: Studienordnung für die Ausbildung zum Lebensmittelchemiker bis zur ersten Staatsprüfung an der TU Braunschweig
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Braunschweig
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Studienordnung
subject: 379

description: Hochschulöffentliche Bekanntmachungen der Technischen Universität Braunschweig
Problems of Domain Factors with Small Factor Loadings in Bi-Factor Models
Creators: name: Petras, Nils
name: Meiser, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Many measurement designs produce domain factors with small variances and factor loadings. The current study investigates the cause, prevalence, and problematic consequences of such domain factors. We collected a meta-analytic sample of empirical applications, conducted a simulation study on statistical power and estimation precision, and provide a reanalysis of an empirical example. The meta-analysis shows that about a quarter of all standardized domain factor loadings is in the range of −.2<λ<.2 and about a third of all domains is measured by five or fewer indicators, resulting in small factor variances. The simulation study examines the associated difficulties concerning statistical power, trait recovery, irregular estimates, and estimation precision for a range of such realistic cases. The empirical example illustrates the challenge to develop measures that produce clearly interpretable domain factors. Study planning and interpretation need to take the (expected) sum of squared factor loadings per domain factor into account. This is relevant even if influences of domain factors are desired to be small, and equally applies to different model variants. We propose several strategies for how researchers may better unlock the bifactor model’s full potential and clarify its interpretation.
Editorial: The repair of DNA–protein crosslinks
Creators: name: Sun, Yilun
name: Nitiss, John
name: Pommier, Yves
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3101
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology
classificationCode: 3205
subject: Medical biochemistry and metabolomics

description: No description supplied
Gauging of 1d-space translations for nonrelativistic point particles
Creators: name: Stichel, P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauging of space translations for nonrelativistic point particles in one dimension leads to general coordinate transformations with fixed Newtonian time. The minimal gauge invariant extension of the particle velocity requires the introduction of two gauge fields whose minimal self interaction leads to a Maxwellian term in the Lagrangean. No dilaton field is introduced. We fix the gauge such that the residual symmetry group is the Galilei group. In case of a line the two-particle reduced Lagrangean describes the motion in a Newtonian gravitational potential with strength proportional to the energy. For particles on a circle with certain initial conditions we only have a collective rotation with constant angular velocity.
description: 10 pages, Latex
Freestanding metasurfaces for optical frequencies
Creators: name: Prämassing, M.
name: Leuteritz, T.
name: Faßbender, A.
name: Schill, H. J.
name: Irsen, S.
name: Linden, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present freestanding metasurfaces operating at optical frequencies with a total thickness of only 40$\,$nm. The metasurfaces are fabricated by focused ion beam milling of nanovoids in a carbon film followed by thermal evaporation of gold and plasma ashing of the carbon film. As a first example, we demonstrate a metasurface lens based on resonant V-shaped nanovoids with a focal length of 1$\,$mm. The second example is a metasurface phase-plate consisting of appropriately oriented rectangular nanovoids that transforms a Gaussian input beam into a Laguerre-Gaussian ${LG_{-1,0}}$ mode.
Colorectal Cancer After Start of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use
Creators: name: Gaziano, J.M.
name: Buring, J.E.
name: Glynn, R.J.
name: Lee, I.-M.
name: Kurth, T.
name: Stürmer, T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Purpose: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, have been consistently shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in non-experimental studies, but little is known of the factors associated with starting and continuing regular NSAID use and their effect on the NSAID and CRC association. Subjects and methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of 22,071 healthy male physicians aged 40 to 84 years without indications or contraindications to regular NSAID use at baseline. Annual questionnaires assessed quantity of NSAID use, occurrence of cancer, and risk factors for CRC. Propensity for regular NSAID use (>60 days/year) was estimated using generalized estimating equations. We used a time-varying Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the association between duration since initiation of regular NSAID use and risk for CRC. Results: Regular non-aspirin and any NSAID use increased from 0% to 12% and 1% to 56% over time, respectively and was predicted by age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, medication use, coronary artery disease, gastrointestinal diseases, arthritis, hypertension, and headaches. Over a median follow-up of 18 years, 495 physicians were diagnosed with CRC. There was no trend of CRC risk with increased duration of regular NSAID use. Five or more years of regular use of any NSAID were associated with a relative risk for CRC of 1.0 (95% confidence interval: 0.7-1.5), after adjustment for predictors of regular NSAID use. Conclusion: Regular NSAID use was not associated with a substantial risk reduction of CRC after controlling for time-varying predictors of both NSAID use and CRC.
Future prospects for measuring 1PPN parameters using observations of S2 and S62 at the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Losada, Victor de Mora
name: Della Monica, Riccardo
name: de Martino, Ivan
name: De Laurentis, Mariafelicia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Parameterized Post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism offers an agnostic framework for evaluating theories of gravity that extend beyond General Relativity. Departures from General Relativity are represented by a set of dimensionless parameters that, at the first order in the expansion, reduce to $β$ and $γ$, which describe deviations in spatial curvature and non-linear superposition effects of gravity, respectively. We exploit future observations of stars at the Galactic Center, orbiting the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*, to forecast the ability to constrain the first-order PPN parameters $γ$ and $β$. We have generated a mock catalog of astrometric and spectroscopic data for S2, based on the Schwarzschild metric, simulating observations over multiple orbital periods with the GRAVITY and SINFONI instruments. Our analysis includes the effects of relativistic orbital precession and line-of-sight (LOS) velocity gravitational redshift. Since future data for S2 can provide constraints only on a linear combination of the PPN parameters $β$ and $γ$ we also analyzed the impact of future observations of the gravitational lensing for stars that pass closer in the sky to Sgr A*, like the known star S62, which can potentially provide tight constraints on the parameter $γ$, that alone regulates the amplitude of the astrometric deviations due to lensing. When combining lensing observations for S62, and the precise orbital tracking of S2, one obtains independent constraints on both $γ$ (with a potential precision as good as $\sim 1\%$) and $β$ (with a corresponding precision of $\sim 2\%$), providing a precision test of General Relativity and its extensions.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication on Astronomy&Astrophysics
title: Identifying Clinical Profiles in a Community Sample of Youth with Selective Mutism
Creators: name: Rede, Melanie
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0406gha72
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: Selective mutism (SM) refers to a consistent failure to speak in social situations that have an expectation for speaking, despite fluent speech in other situations (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Recent researchers describe SM as a heterogeneous disorder not always characterized by anxiety (Driessen et al., 2020). Specifically, some have argued that SM may be better explained as a neurodevelopmental rather than an anxiety disorder (Kearney & Rede, 2021). The aim of the present study was to find unique classes for anxiety, oppositional, and communication difficulties among youth with SM. Participants included 129 caregivers of youth with SM aged 6–14 years recruited from the Selective Mutism Group and social media groups for SM. Behavior profiles were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach &Rescorla, 2001), Children’s Communication Checklist 2 (Bishop, 2006), and the Selective Mutism Questionnaire (Bergman et al., 2008). Four distinct behavior factor profiles were identified: anxiety, oppositional/emotionality, inattention, and attention-seeking. Subsequent latent class analyses revealed three distinct classes based on symptom severity (mild, moderate, and severe impairment). These results can help clinicians and caregivers with accurate assessment and effective treatment.
Variational formulation of dynamical electronic response functions in presence of nonlocal exchange interactions
Creators: name: Caldarelli, Giovanni
name: Guandalini, Alberto
name: Macheda, Francesco
name: Mauri, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the dynamical electronic response function in theoretical frameworks that include nonlocal exchange interactions, such as the Bethe-Salpeter equation with the frequency independent approximation of the screened interaction, Hartree-Fock, and range-separated Hybrid DFT approaches. Within these pictures, we demonstrate that any time-dependent electronic linear response function allows for a formulation which is variational in the electronic density matrix. To achieve our goal, we consider the usual form of a response function, written in terms of a screened and a bare electronic vertices (`bare-screen'), and perform an exact rewriting in terms of purely screened electronic vertices (`screen-screen'). Within the `screen-screen' formulation, the response function can be written as a stationary point of a functional of the exact density matrix. Further, we show that the imaginary part of any electronic response can be written in the form of a generalized Fermi Golden Rule, by introducing an exact complementary rewriting in terms of vertices related by complex conjugation (`screen*-screen'). The screen-screen formulation can be further extended partitioning the electronic interaction in separate contributions, expressing the response in terms of partially screened electronic vertices (`partial screen-partial screen'), preserving the stationary properties. We numerically validate the effectiveness of our formalism by calculating the optical conductivity of graphene, which exhibits strong excitonic effects. To do so, we solve the Bethe-Salpeter Equation on a tight-binding model, including exchange effects in the response of graphene. Our findings show the advantages of the variationality of the screen-screen formulation over the others both in convergence properties and robustness with density-matrix approximations.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures
Resource Allocation for Device-to-Device Communications Underlaying Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Using Coalitional Games
Creators: name: Chen, Yali
name: Ai, Bo
name: Niu, Yong
name: Guan, Ke
name: Han, Zhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with millimeter wave (mmWave) communications included are emerging as a promising candidate for the fifth generation mobile network. With highly directional antenna arrays, mmWave links are able to provide several-Gbps transmission rate. However, mmWave links are easily blocked without line of sight. On the other hand, D2D communications have been proposed to support many content based applications, and need to share resources with users in HCNs to improve spectral reuse and enhance system capacity. Consequently, an efficient resource allocation scheme for D2D pairs among both mmWave and the cellular carrier band is needed. In this paper, we first formulate the problem of the resource allocation among mmWave and the cellular band for multiple D2D pairs from the view point of game theory. Then, with the characteristics of cellular and mmWave communications considered, we propose a coalition formation game to maximize the system sum rate in statistical average sense. We also theoretically prove that our proposed game converges to a Nash-stable equilibrium and further reaches the near-optimal solution with fast convergence rate. Through extensive simulations under various system parameters, we demonstrate the superior performance of our scheme in terms of the system sum rate compared with several other practical schemes.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Synthesis of Majority Expressions through Primitive Function Manipulation
Creators: name: Ferraz, Evandro C.
name: Muniz, Jeferson de Lima
name: da Silva, Alexandre C. R.
name: Dueck, Gerhard W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Due to technology advancements and circuits miniaturization, the study of logic systems that can be applied to nanotechnology has been progressing steadily. Among the creation of nanoeletronic circuits reversible and majority logic stand out. This paper proposes the MPC (Majority Primitives Combination) algorithm, used for majority logic synthesis. The algorithm receives a truth table as input and returns a majority function that covers the same set of minterms. The formulation of a valid output function is made with the combination of previously optimized functions. As cost criteria the algorithm searches for a function with the least number of levels, followed by the least number of gates, inverters, and gate inputs. In this paper it's also presented a comparison between the MPC and the exact_mig, currently considered the best algorithm for majority synthesis. The exact_mig encode the exact synthesis of majority functions using the number of levels and gates as cost criteria. The MPC considers two additional cost criteria, the number of inverters and the number of gate inputs, with the goal to further improve exact_mig results. Tests have shown that both algorithms return optimal solutions for all functions with 3 input variables. For functions with 4 inputs, the MPC is able to further improve 42,987 (66%) functions and achieves equal results for 7,198 (11%). For functions with 5 input variables, out of a sample of 1,000 randomly generated functions, the MPC further improved 477 (48%) functions and achieved equal results for 112 (11%).
description: 16 pages
Thermochrous stenocraspis Hampson 1910
Creators: name: Mbata, Keith J.
name: Prins, Jurate De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Anomoeotidae
Thermochrous
Thermochrous stenocraspis

description: Thermochrous stenocraspis Hampson, 1910c
COMMON NAME(S): Long-tailed burnet moth.
SYNONYM(S): None.
IUCN STATUS: Not Evaluated (NE).
DISTRIBUTION: Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
LOCALITY IN ZAMBIA: Type locality, Petauke [Altitude 2400 ft., or 731.5 m], East Loangwa [now Luangwa] District, N.E. Rhodesia [now N.E. Zambia], in Eastern Province.
LARVAL HOSTPLANT(S): Unknown.
SOURCES: African Moths 2019; De Prins & De Prins 2022; Hampson 1910c.
description: Published as part of Mbata, Keith J. & Prins, Jurate De, 2023, Annotated checklist of moths of Zambia (Insecta: Lepidoptera), pp. 1-503 in Zootaxa 5354 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5354.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10130434
Equilibrium and nonequilibrium applications of lattice-gas models in electrochemistry
Creators: name: Rikvold, Per Arne
name: Brown, Gregory
name: Novotny, M. A.
name: Wieckowski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss applications of statistical-mechanical lattice-gas models to study static and dynamic aspects of electrochemical adsorption. The strategy developed to describe specific systems includes microscopic model formulation, calculation of zero-temperature phase diagrams, numerical simulation of thermodynamic and structural quantities at nonzero temperatures, and estimation of effective, lateral interactions. We briefly review earlier work, including studies by Monte Carlo simulation of the adsorption of urea on Pt(100). As an illustrative example, we discuss in some detail recent applications to the underpotential deposition of Cu with sulfate on Au(111). Experimental and numerical results are included for equilibrium coverages and voltammetric currents at slow potential sweep rates, and new results from dynamic Monte Carlo simulations are presented. In particular, we present simulated results for current transients far from equilibrium, following sudden changes in the electrode potential.
description: 7 pgs (RevTex), 9 figures
Black Holes in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Obukhov, Yuri N.
name: Hehl, Friedrich W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of black holes in (1+1)-dimensions provide a theoretical laboratory for the study of semi-classical effects of realistic black holes in Einstein's theory. Important examples of two-dimensional models are given by string theory motivated dilaton gravity, by ordinary general relativity in the case of spherical symmetry, and by {\em Poincaré gauge gravity} in two spacetime dimensions. In this paper, we present an introductory overview of the exact solutions of two-dimensional classical Poincaré gauge gravity (PGG). A general method is described with the help of which the gravitational field equations are solved for an arbitrary Lagrangian. The specific choice of a torsion-related coframe plays a central role in this approach. Complete integrability of the general PGG model is demonstrated in vacuum, and the structure of the black hole type solutions of the quadratic models with and without matter is analyzed in detail. Finally, the integrability of the general dilaton gravity model is established by recasting it into an effective PGG model.
description: Latex2e, 28 pages, with 5 postscript figures
Minteracarus mombasa Stekolnikov 2022, n. sp.
Creators: name: Stekolnikov, Alexandr A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Trombiculidae
Minteracarus
Minteracarus mombasa

description: Minteracarus mombasa n. sp., designated here.   Etymology
The genus is named in honour of Dr. Donald M. Minter (The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) who collected the material of the new genus and species in Kenya in 1963.
description: Published as part of Stekolnikov, Alexandr A., 2022, A new genus and species of bat chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from Kenya, pp. 418-425 in Acarologia 62 (2) on page 419, DOI: 10.24349/5n37-k5b9, http://zenodo.org/record/7160442
Personality, lifestyle, and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer: Follow-up of population based cohort
Creators: name: Hasselbach, P.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Amelang, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Objective: To study the relation between measures of personality and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in a large cohort. Design: Follow-up of population based cohort Setting: Heidelberg, Germany. Participants: 5114 women and men aged 40-65 in 1992-5. Main outcome measures: Psychological traits assessed by several standardised personality questionnaires in 1992-5, related to cause of death (to 2002-3) or reported incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cancer (validated by treating doctors). Relative risks (and 95% confidence intervals) for combined morbidity and mortality according to five important personality traits were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results: During median follow-up of 8.5 years, 257 participants died and 72 participants were diagnosed with a heart attack, 62 with stroke, and 240 with cancer (morbidity and mortality combined). A high internal locus of control over disease was associated with a decreased risk of myocardial infarction (adjusted relative risk for an increase of 1 SD = 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.96). An increase of 1 SD in time urgency was associated with a decreased risk of cancer (adjusted relative risk 0.83; 0.73 to 0.95). Other major personality traits-anger control, psychoticism, and symptoms of depression-were not consistently associated with myocardial infarction, stroke, or cancer. Conclusion: Internal locus of control over disease and time urgency seem to be associated with reduced risk for common chronic diseases, probably by affecting unmeasured health related behaviour. The other personality traits assessed had no major impact on cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Nonlinear Modes of Liquid Drops as Solitary Waves
Creators: name: Ludu, Andrei
name: Draayer, Jerry P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nolinear hydrodynamic equations of the surface of a liquid drop are shown to be directly connected to Korteweg de Vries (KdV, MKdV) systems, giving traveling solutions that are cnoidal waves. They generate multiscale patterns ranging from small harmonic oscillations (linearized model), to nonlinear oscillations, up through solitary waves. These non-axis-symmetric localized shapes are also described by a KdV Hamiltonian system. Recently such ``rotons'' were observed experimentally when the shape oscillations of a droplet became nonlinear. The results apply to drop-like systems from cluster formation to stellar models, including hyperdeformed nuclei and fission.
description: 11 pages RevTex, 1 figure ps
Low-lying collective excited states in non-integrable pairing models based on stationary-phase approximation to path integral
Creators: name: Ni, Fang
name: Hinohara, Nobuo
name: Nakatsukasa, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a description of large-amplitude collective motion associated with nuclear pairing, requantization of time-dependent mean-field dynamics is performed using the stationary-phase approximation (SPA) to the path integral. We overcome the difficulty of the SPA, which is known to be applicable to integrable systems only, by developing a requantization approach combining the SPA with the adiabatic self-consistent collective coordinate method (ASCC+SPA). We apply the ASCC+SPA to multi-level pairing models, which are non-integrable systems, to study the nuclear pairing dynamics. The ASCC+SPA gives a reasonable description of low-lying excited $0^+$ states in non-integrable pairing systems.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
A review of the application of propensity score methods yielded increasing use, advantages in specific settings, but not substantially different estimates compared with conventional multivariable methods
Creators: name: Rothman, K.J.
name: Schneeweiss, S.
name: Avorn, J.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Joshi, M.
name: Glynn, R.J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Objective: Propensity score (PS) analyses attempt to control for confounding in nonexperimental studies by adjusting for the likelihood that a given patient is exposed. Such analyses have been proposed to address confounding by indication, but there is little empirical evidence that they achieve better control than conventional multivariate outcome modeling. Study Design and Methods: Using PubMed and Science Citation Index, we assessed the use of propensity scores over time and critically evaluated studies published through 2003. Results: Use of propensity scores increased from a total of 8 reports before 1998 to 71 in 2003. Most of the 177 published studies abstracted assessed medications (N = 60) or surgical interventions (N = 51), mainly in cardiology and cardiac surgery (N = 90). Whether PS methods or conventional outcome models were used to control for confounding had little effect on results in those studies in which such comparison was possible. Only 9 of 69 studies (13%) had an effect estimate that differed by more than 20% from that obtained with a conventional outcome model in all PS analyses presented. Conclusions: Publication of results based on propensity score methods has increased dramatically, but there is little evidence that these methods yield substantially different estimates compared with conventional multivariable methods.
Examining Benefit-to-Work Transitions Using Statistics New Zealand’s Linked Employer-Employee Data
Creators: name: Stillman, Steven
name: Hyslop, Dean
name: Stillman, Steven
name: Hyslop, Dean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Public Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Statistics New Zealand’s Linked Employer-Employee Data (LEED) contains monthly information on taxable benefit receipt and earnings for all New Zealanders over a five-plus-year period. There is great potential to use this data to understand heterogeneity among the benefit-receiving population, to examine the medium-term outcomes of individuals receiving benefits, and to evaluate the impact of benefit receipt on these outcomes. This paper has three goals. First, it examines different approaches for defining the relevant benefit population to be used for analysing benefit transitions. In particular, it highlights the differences between examining first benefit spells versus randomly selected spells, and between examining individuals with single benefit spells versus those with multiple spells, during the sample period. Second, it summarises employment and benefit receipt patterns for different demographic groups. The variation found in these results illustrates the large heterogeneity found among the benefit-receiving population. Third, it extends the analysis in Hyslop, Stillman and Crichton (2004), which examines the relationship between benefit spell duration and pre-benefit spell employment experiences and post-benefit spell benefit receipt and labour market outcomes. This new analysis controls for a lengthier period of pre-benefit spell employment experiences than the earlier paper, and estimates separate models for each demographic group. These changes allow us to better control for heterogeneity in the benefit-receiving population.
KiDS-Legacy: Angular galaxy clustering from deep surveys with complex selection effects
Creators: name: Yan, Ziang
name: Wright, Angus H.
name: Chisari, Nora Elisa
name: Georgiou, Christos
name: Joudaki, Shahab
name: Loureiro, Arthur
name: Reischke, Robert
name: Asgari, Marika
name: Bilicki, Maciej
name: Dvornik, Andrej
name: Heymans, Catherine
name: Hildebrandt, Hendrik
name: Jalan, Priyanka
name: Joachimi, Benjamin
name: Lesci, Giorgio Francesco
name: Li, Shun-Sheng
name: Linke, Laila
name: Mahony, Constance
name: Moscardini, Lauro
name: Napolitano, Nicola R.
name: Stoelzner, Benjamin
name: Von Wietersheim-Kramsta, Maximilian
name: Yoon, Mijin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photometric galaxy surveys, despite their limited resolution along the line of sight, encode rich information about the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe thanks to the high number density and extensive depth of the data. However, the complicated selection effects in wide and deep surveys can potentially cause significant bias in the angular two-point correlation function (2PCF) measured from those surveys. In this paper, we measure the 2PCF from the newly published KiDS-Legacy sample. Given an $r$-band $5σ$ magnitude limit of $24.8$ and survey footprint of $1347$ deg$^2$, it achieves an excellent combination of sky coverage and depth for such a measurement. We find that complex selection effects, primarily induced by varying seeing, introduce over-estimation of the 2PCF by approximately an order of magnitude. To correct for such effects, we apply a machine learning-based method to recover an organised random (OR) that presents the same selection pattern as the galaxy sample. The basic idea is to find the selection-induced clustering of galaxies using a combination of self-organising maps (SOMs) and hierarchical clustering (HC). This unsupervised machine learning method is able to recover complicated selection effects without specifying their functional forms. We validate this SOM+HC method on mock deep galaxy samples with realistic systematics and selections derived from the KiDS-Legacy catalogue. Using mock data, we demonstrate that the OR delivers unbiased 2PCF cosmological parameter constraints, removing the $27σ$ offset in the galaxy bias parameter that is recovered when adopting uniform randoms. Blinded measurements on the real KiDS-Legacy data show that the corrected 2PCF is robust to the SOM+HC configuration near the optimal set-up suggested by the mock tests.
description: 29 pages, 27 figures, 4 tables; Accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics; The code used for this work is published on https://github.com/yanzastro/tiaogeng
Feedback Processes in Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Ferreras, Ignacio
name: Scannapieco, Evan
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a phenomenological model of feedback in early-type galaxies that tracks the evolution of the interstellar medium gas mass, metallicity, and temperature. Modeling the star formation rate as a Schmidt law with a temperature-dependent efficiency, we find that intermittent episodes of star formation are common in moderate-size ellipticals. Our model is applicable in the case in which the thermalization time from SN is sufficiently long that spatial variations are relatively unimportant, an appropriate assumption for the empirical parameters adopted here. The departure from a standard scenario of passive evolution implies significantly younger luminosity-weighted ages for the stellar populations of low-mass galaxies at moderate redshifts, even though the more physically meaningful mass-weighted ages are changed only slightly. Secondary bursts of star formation also lead to a natural explanation of the large scatter in the NUV-optical relation observed in clusters at moderate redshift and account for the population of E+A galaxies that display a spheroidal morphology. As the late-time formation of stars in our model is due to the gradual cooling of the interstellar medium, which is heated to temperatures ~1 keV by the initial burst of supernovae, our conclusions do not rely on any environmental effects or external mechanisms. Furthermore, a simple estimate of the X-ray emission from this supernova heated gas leads to an L_X vs L_B correlation that is in good agreement with observed values. Thus feedback processes may be essential to understanding the observed properties of early-type galaxies from the optical to the X-ray.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Uses emulateapj.sty. 12 pages with 8 embedded EPS figures
title: Änderung der Wahlordnung für die Wahlen zum Studentenparlament und zu den Fachräten und Fachschaftsräten der Studentenschaft der Technischen Universität Braunschweig
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Braunschweig, Studentenschaft
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Wahlordnung
subject: 379

description: Hochschulöffentliche Bekanntmachungen der Technischen Universität Braunschweig
Partially Localized Intersecting BPS Branes
Creators: name: Youm, Donam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the explicit forms of supergravity solutions for the various intersecting two BPS branes in eleven and ten dimensions, where one brane is localized at the delocalized other brane. Our partially localized supergravity solutions describe brane configurations in the near horizon region of the delocalized branes, where the two constituent branes meet in the overall transverse space and the delocalized branes coincide. We also give the brane worldvolume interpretations for some of such supergravity solutions.
description: 27 pages, LaTeX, revised version to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Requirements for MRN endonuclease processing of topoisomerase II-mediated DNA damage in mammalian cells
Creators: name: Sun, Yilun
name: Soans, Eroica
name: Mishina, Margarita
name: Petricci, Elena
name: Pommier, Yves
name: Nitiss, Karin
name: Nitiss, John
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3101
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology
classificationCode: 3205
subject: Medical biochemistry and metabolomics

description: During a normal topoisomerase II (TOP2) reaction, the enzyme forms a covalent enzyme DNA intermediate consisting of a 5' phosphotyrosyl linkage between the enzyme and DNA. While the enzyme typically rejoins the transient breakage after strand passage, a variety of conditions including drugs targeting TOP2 can inhibit DNA resealing, leading to enzyme-mediated DNA damage. A critical aspect of the repair of TOP2-mediated damage is the removal of the TOP2 protein covalently bound to DNA. While proteolysis plays a role in repairing this damage, nucleolytic enzymes must remove the phosphotyrosyl-linked peptide bound to DNA. The MRN complex has been shown to participate in the removal of TOP2 protein from DNA following cellular treatment with TOP2 poisons. In this report we used an optimized ICE (In vivo Complex of Enzyme) assay to measure covalent TOP2/DNA complexes. In agreement with previous independent reports, we find that the absence or inhibition of the MRE11 endonuclease results in elevated levels of both TOP2α and TOP2β covalent complexes. We also examined levels of TOP2 covalent complexes in cells treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Although MRE11 inhibition plus MG132 was not synergistic in etoposide-treated cells, ectopic overexpression of MRE11 resulted in removal of TOP2 even in the presence of MG132. We also found that VCP/p97 inhibition led to elevated TOP2 covalent complexes and prevented the removal of TOP2 covalent complexes by MRE11 overexpression. Our results demonstrate the existence of multiple pathways for proteolytic processing of TOP2 prior to nucleolytic processing, and that MRE11 can process TOP2 covalent complexes even when the proteasome is inhibited. The interactions between VCP/p97 and proteolytic processing of TOP2 covalent complexes merit additional investigation.
Hawking radiation by effective two-dimensional theories
Creators: name: Balbinot, R.
name: Fabbri, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently proposed 2D anomaly induced effective actions for the matter-gravity system are critically reviewed. Their failure to correctly reproduce Hawking's black hole radiation or the stability of Minkowski space-time led us to a modification of the relevant ``quantum'' matter stress energy tensor that allows physically meaningful results to be extracted.
description: 26 pages, plain latex
Insights into different results from different causal contrasts in the presence of effect-measure modification
Creators: name: Glynn, R.J.
name: Rothman, K.J.
name: Stürmer, T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Purpose: Both propensity score (PS) matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) allow causal contrasts, albeit different ones. In the presence of effect-measure modification, different analytic approaches produce different summary estimates. Methods: We present a spreadsheet example that assumes a dichotomous exposure, covariate, and outcome. The covariate can be a confounder or not and a modifier of the relative risk (RR) or not. Based on expected cell counts, we calculate RR estimates using five summary estimators: Mantel-Haenszel (MH), maximum likelihood (ML), the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), PS matching, and a common implementation of IPTW. Results: Without effect-measure modification, all approaches produce identical results. In the presence of effect-measure modification and regardless of the presence of confounding, results from the SMR and PS are identical, but IPTW can produce strikingly different results (e.g., RR = 0.83 vs. RR = 1.50). In such settings, MH and ML do not estimate a population parameter and results for those measures fall between PS and IPTW. Conclusions: Discrepancies between PS and IPTW reflect different weighting of stratum-specific effect estimates. SMR and PS matching assign weights according to the distribution of the effect-measure modifier in the exposed subpopulation, whereas IPTW assigns weights according to the distribution of the entire study population. In pharmacoepidemiology, contraindications to treatment that also modify the effect might be prevalent in the population, but would be rare among the exposed. In such settings, estimating the effect of exposure in the exposed rather than the whole population is preferable.
Patterns on liquid surfaces: cnoidal waves, compactons and scaling
Creators: name: Ludu, Andrei
name: Draayer, Jerry P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Localized patterns and nonlinear oscillation formation on the bounded free surface of an ideal incompressible liquid are analytically investigated . Cnoidal modes, solitons and compactons, as traveling non-axially symmetric shapes are discused. A finite-difference differential generalized Korteweg-de Vries equation is shown to describe the three-dimensional motion of the fluid surface and the limit of long and shallow channels one reobtains the well known KdV equation. A tentative expansion formula for the representation of the general solution of a nonlinear equation, for given initial condition is introduced on a graphical-algebraic basis. The model is useful in multilayer fluid dynamics, cluster formation, and nuclear physics since, up to an overall scale, these systems display liquid free surface behavior.
description: 14 pages RevTex, 5 figures in ps
Planetesimal Formation by Gravitational Instability
Creators: name: Youdin, Andrew N.
name: Shu, Frank H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of planetesimals via the gravitational instability of solids that have settled to the midplane of a circumstellar disk. Vertical shear between the gas and a subdisk of solids induces turbulent mixing which inhibits gravitational instability. Working in the limit of small, well-coupled particles, we find that the mixing becomes ineffective when the surface density ratio of solids to gas exceeds a critical value. Solids in excess of this precipitation limit can undergo midplane gravitational instability and form planetesimals. However, this saturation effect typically requires increasing the local ratio of solid to gaseous surface density by factors of two to ten times cosmic abundances, depending on the exact properties of the gas disk. We discuss existing astrophysical mechanisms for augmenting the ratio of solids to gas in protoplanetary disks by such factors, and investigate a particular process that depends on the radial variations of orbital drift speeds induced by gas drag. This mechanism can concentrate millimeter sized chondrules to the supercritical surface density in < few x 10^6 years, a suggestive timescale for the disappearance of dusty disks in T Tauri stars. We discuss the relevance of our results to some outstanding puzzles in planet formation theory: the size of the observed solar system, and the rapid type I migration of Earth mass bodies.
description: 34 pages, 9 .eps figures (included), accepted by ApJ