cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Depth Profiling of Optical, Chemical and Nanomechanical Properties of Glass/Encapsulant/Backsheet PV Laminates Aged under Different Intensities of UV Light
Creators: name: Lyu, Y.
name: Kim, J.H.
name: Fairbrother, A.
name: Gu, X.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1340-1344
description: Due to the complex multicomponent and multilayer structures of PV modules, it is challenging to quantify
the individual components or layers in the modules, hindering the understanding of the root causes of module failures. This
work provides a method to effectively investigate the degradation depth profiles of a glass/encapsulant/backsheet laminate
system after exposure to different ultra-violet (UV) intensities. Confocal fluorescence imaging, in combination of
attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) imaging, micro-UV-vis spectroscopy and atomic force
microscopy-based quantitative nanomechanical mapping (QNM-AFM) were used to investigate the optical, chemical and
nanomechanical degradation of each polymeric layer in the laminates. Samples were aged at 85C and 0 % relative humidity
(RH) under 4 UV irradiance levels ranging from 60 W/m2 to 180 W/m2 (295 nm – 385 nm) for 3840 h. A non-uniform,
depth-depedent, light intensity-depedent degradation behavior was observed in the aged ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
encapsulant layer based on the the fluorescence imaging. The depth profiles of yellow index, ketone formation and modulus
in the encapsulant layer were also found to be similar to that of the fluorescence intensity, following the light intensity
decay in the material. The results have suggested that these degradation properties may be cross-correlated and their
changes are probably govened by the intensity of the UV light across the sample thickness. In addition, obvious
fluorescence was observed in two adhesive layers in the aged poly(terephathalate) (PET) /PET/EVA backsheet, indicating
the degradation of the adhesive layers and the potential risk of backsheet inner layer delamination. The study has
demonstrated that depth profiling is essential to the understanding of degradation mechanism in the glass/EVA/PPE system,
and would provide a scienctific basis for developing standized property testing, weathering and lifetime prediction for PV
modules.
Fast and Heavy Disjoint Weighted Matchings for Demand-Aware Datacenter Topologies
Creators: name: Hanauer, Kathrin
name: Henzinger, Monika
name: Schmid, Stefan
name: Trummer, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reconfigurable optical topologies promise to improve the performance in datacenters by dynamically optimizing the physical network in a demand-aware manner. State-of-the-art optical technologies allow to establish and update direct connectivity (in the form of edge-disjoint matchings) between top-of-rack switches within microseconds or less. However, to fully exploit temporal structure in the demand, such fine-grained reconfigurations also require fast algorithms for optimizing the interconnecting matchings. Motivated by the desire to offload a maximum amount of demand to the reconfigurable network, this paper initiates the study of fast algorithms to find k disjoint heavy matchings in graphs. We present and analyze six algorithms, based on iterative matchings, b-matching, edge coloring, and node-rankings. We show that the problem is generally NP-hard and study the achievable approximation ratios. An extensive empirical evaluation of our algorithms on both real-world and synthetic traces (88 in total), including traces collected in Facebook datacenters and in HPC clusters reveals that all our algorithms provide high-quality matchings, and also very fast ones come within 95% or more of the best solution. However, the running times differ significantly and what is the best algorithm depends on k and the acceptable runtime-quality tradeoff.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Voltage Dependence of Potential-Induced Degradation and Recovery on Photovoltaic One-Cell Laminates
Creators: name: Carolus, J.
name: Govaerts, J.
name: Voroshazi, E.
name: De Ceuninck, W.
name: Daenen, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1402-1407
description: A high voltage degradation mechanism on photovoltaic (PV) modules called potential-induced degradation
(PID) has gained a lot of attention since 2010 when Solon published their findings about PID [1]. The research conducted
on PID mainly focused on industrial scale PV systems where potential differences between the solar cell and the grounded
frame in the order of 1000 V and even more are not uncommon [2–5]. In this work, a stress test for PID according to the
foil method as described in IEC 62804-1 and a recovery test in the same conditions on a set of five one-cell laminates is
performed. However, by stressing the one-cell laminates at different voltages (-200 V, -600 V and -1000 V) and curing
them at +500 V, which is compliant with residential voltages in the PV market, and +1000 V as a reference, more insight
on the impact of stress and curing voltage on PID is gained. This is the basis for a voltage dependent model for PID.
Furthermore, it is shown that the impact of the stress voltage on PID as a function of time exhibits a complex behaviour.
At last, the impact of PID at different stress voltages on the different operational parameters of the one-cell laminates and
their physical meaning is described.
On-demand electrical control of spin qubits
Creators: name: Gilbert, Will
name: Tanttu, Tuomo
name: Lim, Wee Han
name: Feng, MengKe
name: Huang, Jonathan Y.
name: Cifuentes, Jesus D.
name: Serrano, Santiago
name: Mai, Philip Y.
name: Leon, Ross C. C.
name: Escott, Christopher C.
name: Itoh, Kohei M.
name: Abrosimov, Nikolay V.
name: Pohl, Hans-Joachim
name: Thewalt, Michael L. W.
name: Hudson, Fay E.
name: Morello, Andrea
name: Laucht, Arne
name: Yang, Chih Hwan
name: Saraiva, Andre
name: Dzurak, Andrew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Once called a "classically non-describable two-valuedness" by Pauli , the electron spin is a natural resource for long-lived quantum information since it is mostly impervious to electric fluctuations and can be replicated in large arrays using silicon quantum dots, which offer high-fidelity control. Paradoxically, one of the most convenient control strategies is the integration of nanoscale magnets to artificially enhance the coupling between spins and electric field, which in turn hampers the spin's noise immunity and adds architectural complexity. Here we demonstrate a technique that enables a \emph{switchable} interaction between spins and orbital motion of electrons in silicon quantum dots, without the presence of a micromagnet. The naturally weak effects of the relativistic spin-orbit interaction in silicon are enhanced by more than three orders of magnitude by controlling the energy quantisation of electrons in the nanostructure, enhancing the orbital motion. Fast electrical control is demonstrated in multiple devices and electronic configurations, highlighting the utility of the technique. Using the electrical drive we achieve coherence time $T_{2,{\rm Hahn}}\approx50 μ$s, fast single-qubit gates with ${T_{π/2}=3}$ ns and gate fidelities of 99.93 % probed by randomised benchmarking. The higher gate speeds and better compatibility with CMOS manufacturing enabled by on-demand electric control improve the prospects for realising scalable silicon quantum processors.
Kinematic characteristics of the Milky Way globular clusters based on Gaia DR2 data
Creators: name: Chemerynska, I. V.
name: Ishchenko, M. V.
name: Sobolenko, M. O.
name: Khoperskov, S. A.
name: Berczik, P. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the data from Gaia (ESA) Data Release 2 we performed the orbital calculations of globular clusters (GCs) of the Milky Way. To explore possible close encounters (or collisions) between the GCs, using our own developed high-order phi-GRAPE code, we integrated backward and forward the orbits of 119 objects with reliable positions and proper motions. In calculations, we adopted a realistic axisymmetric Galactic potential (bulge + disk + halo). Using different impact conditions, we found four pairs of the six GCs that may have experienced an encounter within twice the sum of the half-mass radii (collisions) over the last 5Gyr: Terzan3 - NGC 6553, Terzan 3 - NGC 6218, Liller 1 - NGC 6522 and Djorg 2 - NGC 6553.
description: Accepted for publication in Advances in Astronomy and Space Physics (http://aasp.kiev.ua). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2201.06891
A merger in the dusty, $z=7.5$ galaxy A1689-zD1?
Creators: name: Knudsen, Kirsten K.
name: Watson, Darach
name: Frayer, David
name: Christensen, Lise
name: Gallazzi, Anna
name: Michalowski, Michal J.
name: Richard, Johan
name: Zavala, Jesus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitationally-lensed galaxy A1689-zD1 is one of the most distant spectroscopically confirmed sources ($z=7.5$). It is the earliest known galaxy where the interstellar medium (ISM) has been detected; dust emission was detected with the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA). A1689-zD1 is also unusual among high-redshift dust emitters as it is a sub-L* galaxy and is therefore a good prospect for the detection of gaseous ISM in a more typical galaxy at this redshift. We observed A1689-zD1 with ALMA in bands 6 and 7 and with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) in band $Q$. To study the structure of A1689-zD1, we map the mm thermal dust emission and find two spatial components with sizes about $0.4-1.7$\,kpc (lensing-corrected). The rough spatial morphology is similar to what is observed in the near-infrared with {\it HST} and points to a perturbed dynamical state, perhaps indicative of a major merger or a disc in early formation. The ALMA photometry is used to constrain the far-infrared spectral energy distribution, yielding a dust temperature ($T_{\rm dust} \sim 35$--$45$\,K for $β= 1.5-2$). We do not detect the CO(3-2) line in the GBT data with a 95\% upper limit of 0.3\,mJy observed. We find a slight excess emission in ALMA band~6 at 220.9\,GHz. If this excess is real, it is likely due to emission from the [CII] 158.8\,$μ$m line at $z_{\rm [CII]} = 7.603$. The stringent upper limits on the [CII]/$L_{\rm FIR}$ luminosity ratio suggest a [CII] deficit similar to several bright quasars and massive starbursts.
description: 9 pages, accepted to MNRAS, in press
Evaluation of Outdoor Performance and Techno-Financial Analysis of a Stationary High Concentrating PVT System
Creators: name: De Keizer, C.
name: Van De Zande, M.
name: Penning, P.
name: Folkerts, W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Concentrator and Space Photovoltaics
III-V-Based Devices for Terrestrial and Space Applications

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1292-1294
description: In this paper, we evaluate the outdoor electrical and thermal performance and the techno-financial feasibility of a HCPV/T system. The SunCycle module is a stationary high concentrating PVT (HCPV/T) concept that was developed and patented by the company SunCycle. The SunCycle module uses internal tracking: a prism and parabolic mirror are rotating independently and thereby concentrating the direct light on a small active cell area. A high efficient III-V cell is used to convert the light to electricity, active cooling is used to produce heat. Since it is a stationary system, it can easily be implemented in an urban environment. In 2015 and 2016, the thermal and electrical output of several prototypes of the SunCycle module have been measured outdoors in the Netherlands over a period of multiple months. A maximum electrical efficiency of more than 16% has been measured in the field. Furthermore, a techno-financial model was implemented to calculate the economic feasibility of the SunCycle system for the Netherlands and Jordan. The calculated financial feasibility for Jordan was good, due to a high share of direct irradiance as well as a high price and net metering for electricity. A further increase in efficiency and functionality of the SunCycle module is needed and expected to be realized over the coming years.
Entropy Balancing for Causal Generalization with Target Sample Summary Information
Creators: name: Chen, Rui
name: Chen, Guanhua
name: Yu, Menggang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we focus on estimating the average treatment effect (ATE) of a target population when individual-level data from a source population and summary-level data (e.g., first or second moments of certain covariates) from the target population are available. In the presence of heterogeneous treatment effect, the ATE of the target population can be different from that of the source population when distributions of treatment effect modifiers are dissimilar in these two populations, a phenomenon also known as covariate shift. Many methods have been developed to adjust for covariate shift, but most require individual covariates from a representative target sample. We develop a weighting approach based on summary-level information from the target sample to adjust for possible covariate shift in effect modifiers. In particular, weights of the treated and control groups within a source sample are calibrated by the summary-level information of the target sample. Our approach also seeks additional covariate balance between the treated and control groups in the source sample. We study the asymptotic behavior of the corresponding weighted estimator for the target population ATE under a wide range of conditions. The theoretical implications are confirmed in simulation studies and a real data application.
Investigation of Correlation between Field Performance and Indoor Acceleration Measurements of Potential Induced Degradation (PID) for c-Si PV Modules
Creators: name: Chen, Y.
name: VanSant, K.
name: Khoo, Y.S.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Luo, W.
name: Deline, C.
name: Hacke, P.
name: Chai, J.
name: Yin, L.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Aberle, A.G.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Altermatt, P.P.
name: Feng, Z.
name: Kurtz, S.R.
name: Verlinden, P.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Performance, Reliability and Sustainability of Photovoltaic Modules and Balance of System Components
PV Module Performance and Reliability

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1408-1413
description: The correlation between outdoor field testing and indoor chamber measurement for potential-induced
degradation in crystalline silicon PV modules is unclear. The motivation of this work is to build up a direct
comparison and investigate the correlation between indoor and outdoor performance. First of all, four PID indoor
tests were defined from basic to premium, based on the difficulty of the test. Six groups of modules were designed
and fabricated in Trina Solar, with different grades of PID resistance from weak to strong. The outdoor field test
systems were built in three different climates: tropical, subtropical, and semi-arid climates in Singapore, Changzhou
(China) and Golden (CO, USA) respectively, in a collaborative testing campaign involving Trina, SERIS and NREL.
The system in Golden has been on-sun for more than 13 months where <4% power loss which includes PID and other
reliability losses was detected and power loss of <2% is shown for all six groups of modules after 21 weeks in the
field in the subtropical climate in Changzhou. However, PID of 23% was observed after 18 weeks in Singapore for
the most PID-susceptible module, while the other PID module types showed degradation of only less than 5%.
Gravitational radiation in dynamical noncommutative spaces
Creators: name: Alavi, S. A.
name: Nasab, M. Amiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate gravitational radiation in dynamical noncommutative spaces. By including corrections to the gravitational potential due to dynamical noncommutativity, we calculate the power in gravitational radiation and use observational data to place an upper bound on the noncommutativity parameter. We also study quantum interference induced by gravitational potential in the usual and dynamical noncommutative spaces, and compare the resulting phase difference in these cases with that in commutative space.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
title: World-Systems from ‘the Theory’ to ‘a Perspective’
title: On Social Interconnections in Bronze Age Afro-Eurasia
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Flammini, Roxana
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: interconnectivity
subject: World-Systems Theory
subject: World-Systems analysis
subject: Afro-Eurasia
subject: Bronze Age
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: Boundaries, limits and frontiers are topics of special interest to those involved in studying interconnectivity among different societies, both past and present. World-Systems Analysis (WSA), derived from World-Systems Theory (WST) is a macro-theoretical perspective which allows approaching interconnectivity in the long-term and in broad territorial scenarios. In this contribution I shall reappraise the key concepts of the original WST, the main theoretical discussions related to WSA, and the incidence of these theoretical approaches in Bronze Age Afro-Eurasian studies.
Optical Characterization of a Red Dye Luminescent Solar Concentrator
Creators: name: Bernardoni, P.
name: Tonezzer, M.
name: Vincenzi, D.
name: Fugattini, S.
name: Boschetti, M.
name: Guidi, V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Concentrator and Space Photovoltaics
III-V-Based Devices for Terrestrial and Space Applications

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1278-1281
description: The Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSC) are innovative devices whose main application is the realization of
transparent photovoltaic systems that are particularly interesting in the field of building integrated photovoltaics.
Despite the great potentialities of LSC photovoltaic systems, up to now only a few real world applications exist and
most of the scientific work about LSCs concerns only luminescent dyes and small size devices (generally 5×5 cm2).
The purpose of this work is to investigate the optical behavior of a large (50x50 cm2) LSC slab that can closely
represent the devices used in building integrated applications like roofs or windows.
The output spectrum of the emitted light is measured while the LSC is illuminated in different positions with a round
spot. With this setup it is possible to collect information about the contribution of radiative and non-radiative
absorption to the performance of the system.
Geometric Quantization and Epistemically Restricted Theories: The Continuous Case
Creators: name: Contreras, Ivan
name: Duman, Ali Nabi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is possible to reproduce the quantum features of quantum states, starting from a classical statistical theory and then limiting the amount of knowledge that an agent can have about an individual system [5, 18].These are so called epistemic restrictions. Such restrictions have been recently formulated in terms of the symplectic geometry of the corresponding classical theory [19]. The purpose of this note is to describe, using this symplectic framework, how to obtain a C*-algebraic formulation for the epistemically restricted theories. In the case of continuous variables, following the groupoid quantization recipe of E. Hawkins, we obtain a twisted group C*-algebra which is the usual Moyal quantization of a Poisson vector space [12].
description: In Proceedings QPL 2016, arXiv:1701.00242. 10 pages
Testing time evolution of the mass distribution of the black hole mergers
Creators: name: Okano, So
name: Suyama, Teruaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of gravitational-wave events revealed that there are numerous populations of black hole (BH) binaries that can merge within the age of the Universe. Although several formation channels of such binaries are known, considerable theoretical uncertainties associated with each channel defeat the robust prediction of how much each channel contributes to the total merger rate density. Given that the time evolution of the merger rate density in some channels is (exactly or nearly) independent of BH masses, clarifying this feature from observational data will shed some light on the nature of BH binaries. On the basis of this motivation, we formulate a methodology to perform a statistical test of whether the mass distribution of BH mergers evolves over time by hypothesis testing. Our statistical test requires neither a priori specification of the mass distribution, which is largely uncertain, nor that of the time dependence of merger rate. We then apply it to mock data for some concrete shapes of the merger rate density and show that the proposed method rejects/(does not reject) the null hypothesis correctly for a large sample size. After this verification, the method is applied to a catalog of the gravitational-wave events obtained during the LIGO-Virgo's third observing run. We find that the selection bias degrades the effectiveness of our method for the O3 catalog owing to the reduction in the number of and the maximum redshifts of the merger events that we can explore. Within the range where the method can be applied, there is no indication of the time evolution of the mass distribution of merger rate density. This limitation will be eased in future observations containing more events, and our hypothesis testing will help determine whether the merger rate density evolves over time independently of BH masses.
description: Published version
Thermal Infrared for Robot Vision in the Field
Creators: name: SR, Manikandasriram
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: robot vision
subject: thermal camera
subject: microbolometer
subject: autonomous vehicles
subject: Computer Science
subject: Electrical Engineering
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Transportation
subject: Engineering

description: The human visual system did not evolve to optimize tasks such as driving in a blizzard, navigating subterranean sites or rescuing trapped victims from a burning building. For such crucial avenues, we hope to build robots that operate better than humans. But, studies on passive robot vision have largely focused on visible cameras which, much like the human eye, were not designed for adverse conditions. By relying on visible light, we are inadvertently constraining the robots’ abilities. In this thesis, we explore the use of thermal infrared cameras for robot vision in the field under arbitrary lighting and weather conditions. In particular, uncooled microbolometers, which are the af- fordable type of thermal cameras, suffer from significant image degradation, including motion blur and rolling shutter distortions, in the presence of relative motion between the camera and the scene. The lack of control over exposure time and the lack of global shutter technology limit the use of thermal cameras in robotics. Our work studies the origins of motion blur in microbolometers starting from their physics of image forma- tion and proposes a model based restoration algorithm. Combining this knowledge of microbolometer physics with the generalizability of statistical learning methods could enable wider adoption of thermal cameras in robotics. Towards this end, we collected the first-of-its-kind outdoor driving dataset in adverse lighting and weather conditions with a state-of-the-art cooled photon detector that captures sharp images without motion blur and without distortions. We then used the regularization capabilities of implicit neural representations to fuse noisy measurements from cooled thermal camera and a high-resolution lidar to generate dense pseudo-ground truth images, depth maps and optical flow maps that is pixel-wise aligned with the microbolometer images. This can enable developing novel algorithms to perform vision tasks using only microbolometer data. We believe these developments could propel thermal cameras to undertake a primary role for safe robot operation in all lighting and weather conditions.
Smooth Hybrid Inflation with Low Reheat Temperature and Observable Gravity Waves in $SU(5) \times U(1)_χ$ Super-GUT
Creators: name: Ahmed, Waqas
name: Karozas, Athanasios
name: Leontaris, George K.
name: Zubair, Umer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We realize smooth hybrid inflation in the framework of supersymmetric $SU(5) \times U(1)_χ\subset SO(10)$ model which provides a natural solution to the monopole problem appearing in the spontaneous symmetry breaking of $SU(5)$. The breaking of $U(1)_χ$ symmetry leaves a residual discrete $Z_2$ symmetry, that serves as the MSSM matter parity, realizing the possibility of the lightest supersymmetric particle as a cold dark matter candidate. The $d = 5$ proton lifetime for the decay $p \rightarrow K^+ \barν$, mediated by color-triplet Higgsinos is found to satisfy current experimental bounds if split-high scale SUSY scenario is employed. We show that with minimal Kähler potential, the soft supersymmetry breaking terms play a vital rôle in bringing the scalar spectral index $n_s$ within the Planck's latest bounds. In a minimal Kähler potential setup, small values of tensor-to-scalar ratio $r \lesssim 3.5 \times 10^{-7}$ are obtained, whereas the gravitino mass turns out to be in the range that favors PeV scale SUSY but is not sufficiently high to avoid the $d = 5$ proton decay. A non-minimal Kähler potential including higher-order corrections is required to realize successful inflation with central value of scalar spectral index $n_s = 0.9655$, large tensor modes $r \lesssim 0.056$ and a low reheat temperature $(3\times 10^{6} \lesssim T_r \lesssim 6.5 \times 10^7 )$ GeV consistent with leptogenesis and baryogenesis.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
Temperature-Dependent Properties of an Inverted Metamorphic Four-Junction (IMM-4J) Solar Cell
Creators: name: Zhang, H.
name: Liu, R.B.
name: Wang, L.G.
name: Sun, Q.
name: Xiao, Z.B.
name: Zhang, Q.M.
name: Gao, P.
name: Xue, C.
name: Jiang, M.X.
name: Shi, L.
name: Tang, Y.
name: Yao, L.Y.
name: Wang, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Concentrator and Space Photovoltaics
III-V-Based Devices for Terrestrial and Space Applications

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1245-1247
description: The inverted metamorphic four-junction (IMM-4J) solar cell has demonstrated efficiency as high as 33.9% under AM0 at 25 . However, the actual operating temperature in space is likely to be as much as 50-80  hotter. In order to evaluate the cell performance under the real space operating conditions, we have conducted a measurement of current-voltage characteristics for the IMM-4J cell and the corresponding single-junction subcells as a function of temperature, and calculated the temperature coefficients of the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor. The Voc temperature coefficient of the IMM-4J cell is the sum of the Voc coefficients of the individual subcells. Jsc for GaInP and GaAs subcells increase linearly with temperature, but Jsc-T dependences for both Ga0.76In0.24As and Ga0.47In0.53As subcells represent the decreasing trend. Besides, Jsc(T) of the individual subcells indicates a transition from GaInP-subcell-limited to Ga0.76In0.24As-subcell-limited behavior at 40 . It is the transition of Jsc(T) that makes the FF of the IMM-4J cell show the decreasing trend as the temperature increases. Therefore, by adjusting the current of subcells to achieve current-matching and avoiding the GaInAs-subcell-limited behavior for high temperature operation, the IMM-4J cell can potentially produce more energy and lower temperature sensitivity under real operating conditions.
Evaluating the relationship between temperature and diversity from multiple perspectives
Creators: name: Gao, Junfeng
name: su, qiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Code1 ：Calculate each diversity metric Code2 : Analyze the relationship between temperature and diversity Code3 ：Draw the figure sst.ltm.1981-2010.nc：Sea surface temperature data, it can be read by Code 1 and Code 2  dev.csv： Dataset of biological community data for this research can be found in < https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.922933>.  data_para.csv：Original calculation results of parameters (output by Code1, Code2 needs to import this file) para_sst_five.csv：5 * 5 grid calculation results (output by Code2, Code3 needs to import this file)
Extension and dynamical phases in random walkers depositing and following chemical trails
Creators: name: Khuntia, Subhashree Subhrasmita
name: Chaudhuri, Abhishek
name: Chaudhuri, Debasish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active walker models have proved to be extremely effective in understanding the evolution of a large class of systems in biology like ant trail formation and pedestrian trails. We propose a simple model of a random walker which modifies its local environment that in turn influences the motion of the walker at a {\em later} time. We perform direct numerical simulations of the walker in a discrete lattice with the walker actively depositing a chemical which attracts the walker trajectory and also evaporates in time. We propose a method to look at the structural transitions of the trajectory using radius of gyration for finite time walks. The extension over a definite time-window shows a non-monotonic change with the deposition rate characteristic of a coil-globule transition. At certain regions of the parameter space of the chemical deposition and evaporation rates, the extensions of the walker shows a re-entrant behavior. The dynamics, characterised by the mean-squared displacement, shows deviation from diffusive scaling at intermediate time scales, returning to diffusive behavior asymptotically. A mean field theory captures the variation of the asymptotic diffusivity.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Momentum structure of the self-energy and its parametrization for the two-dimensional Hubbard model
Creators: name: Pudleiner, Petra
name: Schäfer, Thomas
name: Rost, Daniel
name: Li, Gang
name: Held, Karsten
name: Blümer, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the self-energy for the half-filled Hubbard model on a square lattice using lattice quantum Monte Carlo simulations and the dynamical vertex approximation. The self-energy is strongly momentum dependent, but it can be parametrized via the non-interacting energy-momentum dispersion $\varepsilon_{\mathbf{k}}$, except for pseudogap features right at the Fermi edge. That is, it can be written as $Σ(\varepsilon_{\mathbf{k}},ω)$, with two energy-like parameters ($\varepsilon$, $ω$) instead of three ($k_x$, $k_y$ and $ω$). The self-energy has two rather broad and weakly dispersing high energy features and a sharp $ω= \varepsilon_{\mathbf{k}}$ feature at high temperatures, which turns to $ω= -\varepsilon_{\mathbf{k}}$ at low temperatures. Altogether this yields a Z- and reversed-Z-like structure, respectively, for the imaginary part of $Σ(\varepsilon_{\mathbf{k}},ω)$. We attribute the change of the low energy structure to antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
title: Networks in Archaeology
title: An Introduction
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Dawson, Helen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: networks
subject: connectivity
subject: interaction
subject: small-world networks
subject: complexity
subject: instability
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: This paper introduces key concepts of network theory and analysis, and their relevance to archaeological research. The framework is compared to alternative approaches, in particular World-Systems Theory (WST) and its offshoot, World-Systems Analysis (WSA). After reviewing both strengths and weaknesses of a networks perspective through relevant examples, the discussion highlights potential developments for understanding cultural connectivity with particular reference to social complexity.
Preliminary Guidelines for Accurate I-V Measurements on Perovskite Solar Cells
Creators: name: Dunbar, R.B.
name: Fell, C.J.
name: Anderson, K.F.
name: Duck, B.C.
name: Wilson, G.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Thin Film Photovoltaics
Perovskite, Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1218-1220
description: We propose guidelines for accurate measurement of perovskite solar cells using laboratory solar
simulators. The guidelines are designed to assist in determining the cell efficiency in the presence of metastability,
degradation and hysteresis.
Conductive Inks with Epoxy Resin Based Vehicles for Perovskite Screen Printing Metallization as a Viable and Low-Cost Alternative to Thermal Evaporation
Creators: name: Montes, C.
name: Ocaña, L.
name: Quinto, C.
name: González-Pérez, S.
name: González-Diaz, B.
name: Friend, M.
name: Cendagorta, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Thin Film Photovoltaics
Perovskite, Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1158-1162
description: In this work, new advances in the research conducted by the solar cells laboratory (SiCelLab) from the
Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (Canary Islands, Spain) in order to develop inks for screen printing
metallization, based on the use of epoxy resin and anhydrous solvent vehicles are presented. This approach has been
designed to be applied on thin film perovskite substrates. The methodology applied makes use of an overhead stirrer
for mixing and a three roll mill for homogenizing the ink components. From the developed inks, samples have been
printed with average volume resistivities measured as low as 3.31 Ω·cm. Preliminary results suggest that a further
reduction on these values is possible by way of including a co-binder species that allows reducing the amount of
epoxy resin within the mix.
Dynamic and Heterogeneity of Urban Heat Island: A Theoretical Framework in the Context of Urban Ecology
Creators: name: Mokhtari, Zahra
name: Barghjelveh, Shahindokht
name: Sayahnia, Romina
name: Qureshi, Salman
name: Russo, Alessio
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: process-based approach
subject: transdisciplinary research
subject: theoretical review
subject: urban heat island mitigation
subject: social–biophysical interaction
subject: compositional and configurational heterogeneity
subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: The dynamic and heterogeneity of the urban heat island (UHI) is the result of the interactions between biotic, physical, social, and built components. Urban ecology as a transdisciplinary science can provide a context to understand the complex social–biophysical issues such as the thermal environment in cities. This study aimed at developing a theoretical framework to elucidate the interactions between the social–biophysical patterns and processes mediating UHI. To do it, we conducted a theoretical review to delineate UHI complexity using the concept of dynamic heterogeneity of pattern, process, and function in UHI phenomenon. Furthermore, a hypothetical heterogeneity spiral (i.e., driver-outcome spiral) related to the UHI was conceived as a model template. The adopted theoretical framework can provide a holistic vision of the UHI, contributing to a better understanding of UHI’s spatial variations in long-term studies. Through the developed framework, we can devise appropriate methodological approaches (i.e., statistic-based techniques) to develop prediction models of UHI’s spatial heterogeneity.
Gravitational Quasinormal Modes of Regular Phantom Black Hole
Creators: name: Li, Jin
name: Lin, Kai
name: Wen, Hao
name: Qian, Wei-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the gravitational quasi-normal modes (QNMs) for a type of regular black hole (BH) known as phantom BH, which is a static self-gravitating solution of a minimally coupled phantom scalar field with a potential. The studies are carried out for three different spacetimes: asymptotically flat, de Sitter (dS), and anti de Sitter (AdS). In order to consider the standard odd parity and even parity of gravitational perturbations, the corresponding master equations are derived. The QNMs are discussed by evaluating the temporal evolution of the perturbation field which, in turn, provides direct information on the stability of BH spacetime. It is found that in asymptotically flat, dS and AdS spacetimes, the gravitational perturbations have similar characteristics for both odd and even parities. The decay rate of perturbation is strongly dependent on the scale parameter $b$, which measures the coupling strength between phantom scalar field and the gravity. Furthermore, through the analysis of Hawking radiation, it is shown that the thermodynamics of such regular phantom BH is also influenced by $b$. The obtained results might shed some light on the quantum interpretation of QNM perturbation.
Structural properties of bosonic He clusters with N=2-10 for different potential models at the physical point and at unitarity
Creators: name: Yates, A. J.
name: Blume, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the $^4$He dimer supports only one weakly bound state with an average interatomic distance much larger than the van der Waals length and no deeply bound states, $^4$He$_N$ clusters with $N>2$ are a paradigmatic model system with which to explore foundational concepts such as large $s$-wave scattering length universality, van der Waals universality, Efimov physics, and effective field theories. This work presents structural properties such as the pair and triple distribution functions, the hyperradial density, the probability to find the $N$th particle at a given distance from the center of mass of the other $N-1$ atoms, and selected contacts. The kinetic energy release, which can be measured via Coulomb explosion in dedicated size-selected molecular beam experiments -- at least for small $N$ -- , is also presented. The structural properties are determined for three different realistic $^4$He-$^4$He interaction potentials and contrasted with those for an effective low-energy potential model from the literature that reproduces the energies of $^4$He$_N$ clusters in the ground state for $N=2$ to $N=\infty$ at the $\gtrsim 95$~percent level with just four input parameters. The study is extended to unitarity (infinite $s$-wave scattering length) by artificially weakening the interaction potentials. In addition to contributing to the characterization of small bosonic helium quantum droplets, our study provides insights into the effective low-energy theory's predictability of various structural properties.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Internal-Stress-Assisted Epitaxial Lift-off Process for Thin Film Gallium Arsenide Solar Cells on Metal Foil
Creators: name: Kim, Y.
name: Jung, S.H.
name: Kim, K.
name: Kim, C.Z.
name: Shin, H.-B.
name: Park, K.H.
name: Park, W.-K.
name: Kang, H.K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Concentrator and Space Photovoltaics
III-V-Based Devices for Terrestrial and Space Applications

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1253-1256
description: High efficiency GaAs thin film solar cells have been fabricated by Al(Ga)As based epitaxial lift-off
processes. However, the long-term exposure to the HF etchant could induce surface damages, which are detrimental
for device fabrication and substrate reuse processes. Therefore, various ELO techniques have been studied to increase
the lateral etching rate of the sacrificial layer. In this study, the influence of the internal stress on the ELO process
time has been investigated with the (In)GaAs solar cells, which have different p-n junction structures. The thin film
(In)GaAs solar cells are grown by MOCVD on GaAs substrates and transferred to 30 μm thick Au foil by the
internal-stress-assisted ELO process. The internal stress is induced by changing the epi-layers from GaAs to
In0.015Ga0.985As, which has slightly larger lattice constant. As a result, the etching time in the ELO process was
reduced from 36 to 4 hours by employing the GaAs/InGaAs heterojunction structure, which has a compressive film
stress of -59.0 MPa. Photovoltaic device characteristics of the fabricated thin film solar cells are investigated under
AM1.5G illuminations.
Satellite-based Quantum Information Networks: Use cases, Architecture, and Roadmap
Creators: name: de Parny, Laurent de Forges
name: Alibart, Olivier
name: Debaud, Julien
name: Gressani, Sacha
name: Lagarrigue, Alek
name: Martin, Anthony
name: Metrat, Alexandre
name: Schiavon, Matteo
name: Troisi, Tess
name: Diamanti, Eleni
name: Gélard, Patrick
name: Kerstel, Erik
name: Tanzilli, Sébastien
name: Bossche, Mathias Van Den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Information Networks (QINs) attract increasing interest, as they enable connecting quantum devices over long distances, thus greatly enhancing their intrinsic computing, sensing, and security capabilities. The core mechanism of a QIN is quantum state teleportation, consuming quantum entanglement, which can be seen in this context as a new kind of network resource. Here we identify use cases per activity sector, including key performance targets, as a reference for the network requirements. We then define a high-level architecture of a generic QIN, before focusing on the architecture of the Space segment, with the aim of identifying the main design drivers and critical elements. A survey of the state-of-the-art of these critical elements is presented, as are issues related to standardisation. Finally, we explain our roadmap to developing the first QINs and detail the already concluded first step, the design and numerical simulation of a Space-to-ground entanglement distribution demonstrator.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Tight Reference Frame--Independent Quantum Teleportation
Creators: name: Verdon, Dominic
name: Vicary, Jamie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a tight scheme for teleporting a quantum state between two parties whose reference frames are misaligned by an action of a finite symmetry group. Unlike previously proposed schemes, ours requires no additional tokens or data to be passed between the participants; the same amount of classical information is transferred as for ordinary quantum teleportation, and the Hilbert space of the entangled resource is of the same size. In the terminology of Peres and Scudo, our protocol relies on classical communication of unspeakable information.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2016, arXiv:1701.00242
A Growth Model to Predict the Composition of Cadmium Telluride Films
Creators: name: Tan, X.
name: Peng, S.
name: Saraf, A.
name: Liu, G.
name: Xia, S.
name: Pan, J.
name: Krishnakumar, V.
name: Siepchen, B.
name: Delahoy, A.E.
name: Chin, K.K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2017
Subjects: Thin Film Photovoltaics
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1113-1118
description: In this study, Bube’s growth model for cadmium telluride (CdTe) polycrystalline thin film was reexamined
with a view to avoiding their assumptions that neglect the vapor pressures of Cd and Te2 near the film. We
proposed a new thermodynamic growth model based on the fact that there is an experimentally verified characteristic
ratio () of equilibrium partial pressures /22 that depends on the temperature T and CdTe stoichiometry. By
writing Pcd(0) = 2a(0)PTe2(0) and PCd (h) = 2a(h)PTe2(h), where a(0) is determined by the source stoichiometry,
we can solve the equations for (h) and thereby determine the stoichiometry of CdTe thin film grown under physical
vapor deposition (PVD) condition. Simulation was performed to predict the stoichiometry of CdTe thin film as a
function of source stoichiometry for various temperature conditions. The results show that for a typical CdTe PVD
process with  T source > T thin film : (1) stable deposition, without non-stoichiometric composition shift, can be achieved
at the congruent-growth stoichiometry; (2) any stoichiometric deviation from the congruent sublimation point becomes
more substantial (in the same direction) in the thin film than in the source; (3) larger T between source and thin film
results in more composition shift.