cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MARKETING OPERATIONS OF DAIRY COOPERATIVES, 2007
Creators: name: Ling, K. Charles
name: Ling, K. Charles
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Cooperatives
subject: milk
subject: dairy products
subject: marketing

description: A total of 49,675 member-producers of the Nation's 155 dairy cooperatives marketed 152.5 billion pounds of milk, or 82.6 percent of all milk marketed, in 2007. Forty-five cooperatives operated 176 dairy processing and manufacturing plants, 12 handled milk through receiving stations only, and 98 had no milk handling facilities. Cooperatives marketed 71 percent of the Nation's butter, 96 percent of nonfat and skim milk powders, 26 percent of natural cheese, 7 percent of packaged fluid milk products, 4 percent of ice cream, 13 percent of ice cream mix, 11 percent of yogurt, 42 percent of dry whey products, 14 percent of sour cream, and 20 percent of condensed buttermilk. Cooperatives in the 1-billion-to-2-billion-pounds of milk group showed the most significant increase in the share of total cooperative milk volume, while the milk share of the larger sized groups, as a whole, was slightly lower. A total of 86 dairy cooperatives reported having 21,475 full-time and 2,944 part-time employees. Complete financial data submitted by 94 dairy cooperatives showed that total assets for the fiscal year were $8.41 per hundredweight (cwt); total liabilities, $6.09 per cwt; members' equity, $2.32 per cwt; and net margin before taxes, 28 cents per cwt, which represented a return on equity of 12.2 percent.
Bubbles in Planetary Nebulae and Clusters of Galaxies: Instabilities at Bubble Fronts
Creators: name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I study the stability of off-center low-density more or less spherical (fat) bubbles in clusters of galaxies and in planetary nebulae (PNs) to Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability. As the bubble expands and decelerates, the interface between the low-density bubble's interior and the dense shell formed from the accreted ambient medium is RT-stable. If, however, in a specific direction the density decreases such that this segment is accelerated by the pressure inside the bubble, then this accelerated region is RT-unstable. The outermost region, relative to the center of the system, is the most likely to become unstable because there the density gradient is the steepest. Using simple analytical analysis, I find that off-center fat bubbles in PNs are much less stable than in clusters. In PNs bubbles become unstable when they are very small relative to their distance from the center; they can be stabilized somewhat if the mass loss rate from the stellar progenitor decreases for a time, such that the negative density gradient is much shallower. In clusters fat bubbles become unstable when their size is comparable to their distance from the center. I discuss some implications of this instability in clusters and in PNs.
description: New Astronomy, in press; a third in a series of 3 papers
Training Curricula for Open Domain Answer Re-Ranking
Creators: name: MacAvaney, Sean
name: Nardini, Franco Maria
name: Perego, Raffaele
name: Tonellotto, Nicola
name: Goharian, Nazli
name: Frieder, Ophir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In precision-oriented tasks like answer ranking, it is more important to rank many relevant answers highly than to retrieve all relevant answers. It follows that a good ranking strategy would be to learn how to identify the easiest correct answers first (i.e., assign a high ranking score to answers that have characteristics that usually indicate relevance, and a low ranking score to those with characteristics that do not), before incorporating more complex logic to handle difficult cases (e.g., semantic matching or reasoning). In this work, we apply this idea to the training of neural answer rankers using curriculum learning. We propose several heuristics to estimate the difficulty of a given training sample. We show that the proposed heuristics can be used to build a training curriculum that down-weights difficult samples early in the training process. As the training process progresses, our approach gradually shifts to weighting all samples equally, regardless of difficulty. We present a comprehensive evaluation of our proposed idea on three answer ranking datasets. Results show that our approach leads to superior performance of two leading neural ranking architectures, namely BERT and ConvKNRM, using both pointwise and pairwise losses. When applied to a BERT-based ranker, our method yields up to a 4% improvement in MRR and a 9% improvement in P@1 (compared to the model trained without a curriculum). This results in models that can achieve comparable performance to more expensive state-of-the-art techniques.
description: Accepted at SIGIR 2020 (long)
RANKING OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS IN UKRAINE
Creators: name: Kolesnyk, N.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2021
Subjects: ranking
university ranking
academic ranking
Webometrics ranking.

description: The article determines the main criteria and indicators considered in compiling University ratings. The most authoritative world (Webometrics ranking, Shanghai ranking, Academic ranking, Times University ranking) and Ukrainian (“Compass”, “Top-200 Ukraine”, “Ukrainian University Ranking” (The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine), SciVerse Scopus, by the version of the journal «Correspondent») university rankings are characterized
Financial Profile of Dairy Cooperatives, 2007
Creators: name: Liebrand, Carolyn Betts
name: Liebrand, Carolyn Betts
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Cooperatives
subject: financial statements
subject: financial structure
subject: milk dairy

description: Financial statements for U.S. dairy cooperatives in 2007 are presented. The Nation's dairy cooperatives were categorized into groups based on their primary function and according to size (volume of milk handled). Balance sheets and operating statements were presented on per hundredweight (cwt), per cooperative, and common-size basis for U.S. dairy cooperatives by operating type and by size category. Financial ratios are also presented for each type and size group. Dairy cooperatives employed $12 billion of assets to market member milk in 2007. Member equity made up 27.6 percent of dairy cooperative assets. Net margins before tax were $0.25 per cwt of total milk handled, which represented a 0.9-percent return on total sales.
Magnetic instability and spin-glass order beyond the Anderson-Mott transition in interacting power-law random banded matrix fermions
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinghai
name: Foster, Matthew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the presence of quenched disorder, the interplay between local magnetic-moment formation and Anderson localization for electrons at a zero-temperature, metal-insulator transition (MIT) remains a long unresolved problem. Here, we study the emergence of these phenomena in a power-law random banded matrix model of spin-1/2 fermions with repulsive Hubbard interactions. Focusing on the regime of weak interactions, we perform both analytical field theory and numerical self-consistent Hartree-Fock calculations. We show that interference-mediated effects strongly enhance the density of states and magnetic fluctuations upon approaching the MIT from the metallic side. These are consistent with results due to Finkel'stein obtained four decades ago. Our numerics further show that local moments nucleate from typical states as we cross the MIT, with a density that grows continuously into the insulating phase. We identify spin-glass order in the insulator by computing the overlap distribution between converged Hartree-Fock mean-field moment profiles. Our results indicate that itinerant interference effects can morph smoothly into moment formation and magnetic frustration within a single model, revealing a common origin for these disparate phenomena.
description: v2: 25 pages, 21 figures; published version
THE VIEWS ABOUT THE COORDINATING RELATION EXISTING IN LANGUAGE
Creators: name: Kerimova, D.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2021
Subjects: connection
disobedience
subordination
language
syntax.

description: There are many types of grammatical connections in linguistics. The key is the relationship between disobedience and submission. The relationship of subordination and disobedience exists between words, word combinations, sentences, sentence members. Subordinate clauses are a combination of words that have the same function, are equal and independent of each other. Subordinate clauses do not have their own special form. Although disjunctive phrases are similar to homologous sentences, there are some differences between them. The article discusses the content and form features of the relationship of disobedience in language. Various scientific sources were used in writing the article.
Thick accretion disk configurations in the Born-Infeld teleparallel gravity
Creators: name: Bahamonde, Sebastian
name: Faraji, Shokoufe
name: Hackmann, Eva
name: Pfeifer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main goal of this paper is to investigate one of the important astrophysical systems, namely Thick accretion disks, in the background of the spherically symmetric solution in Born-Infeld teleparallel gravity to examine observable predictions of the theory in the vicinity of black holes. Thus, the properties of the non-self-gravitating equilibrium surfaces characterising the Thick accretion disks model are studied. In addition, we find an observational bound on the parameter of the model as $λ\gtrsim 140$. We show this analytical accretion disk model for different values of $λ$ and compare the result with the corresponding Schwarzschild solution in the general theory of relativity.
Cooperative Equity Redemption
Creators: name: Eversull, E. Eldon
name: Eversull, E. Eldon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: cooperatives
subject: equity redemption
subject: revolving fund
subject: patrons’ estates
subject: patron’s age
subject: percent of all equities
subject: base capital plan

description: A 2008 survey of 2,473 U.S. farmer, rancher, and fishery cooperatives was conducted to examine their equity redemption practices. The 792 respondents provided information on whether they had redeemed allocated equity in 2008 and if so, by what method. A revolving fund was most often used for redeeming member's equity, closely followed by redemption to patrons' estates. Information from 460 cooperatives that responded to both this and a 1991 equity redemption study is also compared. Additionally, the responses were grouped into eight cooperative types based on products sold or marketed and into seven asset sizes.
Environmental Regulation and Labor Demand: The Northern Spotted Owl
Creators: name: Ferris, Ann E.
name: Ferris, Ann E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: employment effects
subject: labor market impacts
subject: environmental policy

description: Environmental regulation can impact local labor markets, potentially reducing incomes and employment and inducing reallocation across sectors. The labor market consequences of environmental regulation are difficult to isolate because regulations frequently apply to large areas, such as the entire United States, and researchers cannot directly observe the counterfactual, in the absence of regulation. I claim that protection of the northern spotted owl in the Pacific Northwest in the 1990s led to an exogenous decline in labor demand in that region. I use this policy change to identify the local and regional impacts of endangered species regulation on employment and incomes in the timber industry. I estimate the local labor market impact of owl protection by comparing counties in the region with and without owl-protected areas. Depending on the choice of control areas and the inclusion of additional control factors, northern spotted owl protection plausibly led to a small loss of incomes and employment in the region
Flavour violation with a single generation
Creators: name: Frere, J. -M.
name: Libanov, M. V.
name: Nugaev, E. Ya.
name: Troitsky, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate probabilities of flavour violating processes mediated by Kalutza-Klein modes of gauge bosons in a model where three generations of the Standard Model fermions arise from a single generation in (5+1) dimensions. We discuss a distinctive feature of the model: while the processes in which the generation number $G$ changes are strongly suppressed, the model is constrained by those with $ΔG=0$, for instance $K\to μ^\pm e^\mp$. The bound on the size of the extra dimensions is $1/R \gtrsim 64$ TeV.
description: 19 pages, JHEP3 style required. Minor corrections, result unchanged; discussion of CP violation added
Data Center Energy Efficiency Investments: Qualitative Evidence from Focus Groups and Interviews
Creators: name: Klemick, Heather
name: Kopits, Elizabeth
name: Wolverton, Ann
name: Klemick, Heather
name: Kopits, Elizabeth
name: Wolverton, Ann
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: energy efficiency paradox
subject: market failures
subject: data centers
subject: technology investment barriers

description: The data center industry is one of the fastest growing energy users in the US. While the industry has improved its energy efficiency over the past decade, engineering analyses suggest that ample opportunities remain to reduce energy use that would save firms money. This study explores potential barriers to energy-efficiency investments in data centers. Given the scarcity of empirical data in this context, we conducted focus groups and interviews with data center managers to elicit information about potential barriers to investment and used content analysis to qualitatively evaluate the results. Split incentives between departments within companies and between colocation data centers and their tenants, uncertainty and imperfect information about the performance of new technologies, and tradeoffs with data center uptime were the most pervasive potential barriers discussed by participants. While these factors have moderately slowed investments in energy-saving technologies for many firms, only in the cases of uncertainty/imperfect information and split incentives are these barriers potentially indicative of market failures.
Inverse beta decay reaction in $^{232}$Th and $^{233}$U fission antineutrino flux
Creators: name: Domogatski, G.
name: Kopeikin, V.
name: Mikaelyan, L.
name: Sinev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy spectra of antineutrinos coming from $^{232}$Th and $^{233}$U neutron-induced fission are calculated, relevant inverse beta decay $\bar{ν_e}+p \to n + e^{+}$ positron spectra and total cross sections are found. This study is stimulated by a hypothesis that a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction is burning at the center of the Earth ("Georeactor"). The Georeactor, according to the author of this idea, provides energy necessary to sustain the Earth's magnetic field. The Georeactor's nuclear fuel is $^{235}$U and, probably, $^{232}$Th and $^{233}$U. Results of present study may appear to be useful in future experiments aimed to test the Georector hypothesis and to estimate its fuel components as a part of developments in geophysics and astrophysics based on observations of low energy antineutrinos in Nature.
description: 6 pages in LaTeX and 2 ps figures. Submitted to Physics of Atomic Nuclei
Retrospective Evaluation of the Costs Associated with the 2004 Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating NESHAP
Creators: name: Wolverton, Ann
name: Ferris, Ann E.
name: Simon, Nathalie
name: Wolverton, Ann
name: Ferris, Ann E.
name: Simon, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: retrospective cost analysis
subject: air regulation
subject: benefit-cost analysis
subject: transportation

description: The extent to which ex-ante estimates of the costs of regulation differ from ex-post estimates is an empirical question of considerable interest to policymakers, regulated entities, and the public. This paper examines evidence on the actual costs of compliance with the 2004 Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Surface Coating NESHAP and then compares these estimates to the EPA’s ex-ante cost estimates to identify key drivers of any differences. This regulation is particularly interesting from a cost perspective because at the time of promulgation the EPA considered it to be economically significant (and it was therefore accompanied by an extensive cost analysis), under stood who was likely to be regulated under the NESHAP, and had identified several available technologies that could be used to reduce HAP emissions. Data on ex-post costs are gathered from a subset of the industry via survey and follow-up interview. We find that the EPA overestimated the cost of compliance for these plants and that overestimation was driven primarily by use of estimation methods that did not account for regulatory flexibilities such as the ability to utilize any effective HAPs control method. Thus, we find that differences between ex ante and ex post cost estimates for our sample of facilities are primarily driven by differences in the method of compliance rather than differences in the per-unit cost associated with a given compliance approach. In particular, the EPA expected facilities to install pollution abatement control technologies in their paint shops to reduce emissions of hazardous air pollutants, but instead these plants complied by reformulating their coatings.
Good bases for tame polynomials
Creators: name: Schulze, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 68W30; 32C38

description: An algorithm to compute a good basis of the Brieskorn lattice of a cohomologically tame polynomial is described. This algorithm is based on the results of C. Sabbah and generalizes the algorithm by A. Douai for convenient Newton non-degenerate polynomials.
description: 28 pages, 0 figures, http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~mschulze
Comparing Pollution Where You Live and Play: A Hedonic Analysis of Enterococcus in the Long Island Sound
Creators: name: Kung, Megan
name: Guignet, Dennis
name: Walsh, Patrick
name: Kung, Megan
name: Guignet, Dennis
name: Walsh, Patrick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: beach
subject: enterococcus
subject: hedonic
subject: Long Island Sound
subject: property value
subject: water quality

description: Hedonic property value methods typically examine the effect of water quality on home prices by focusing on waters nearest a home. While this captures any aesthetic values households may hold for water quality improvements, it may not fully reflect recreational values, particularly for nearby residents that do not live on the waterfront. This study is the first to compare the conventional approach of examining how property prices vary with the quality of waters closest to a home, versus water quality levels at the closest point of access for recreation (i.e., the beach). Using spatial econometric models, we conduct a hedonic analysis of residences within five kilometers of the Long Island Sound. Due to an aging infrastructure, high levels of precipitation often lead to sewage overflows, resulting in high counts of enterococcus – a bacterial indicator of fecal pollution. We also estimate the effect of subsequent beach closures, which we posit as an alternative and more salient signal of local water quality to residents. In line with previous literature, we find that enterococcus levels at waters nearest a home negatively affect home prices within 1 kilometer. However, this effect becomes insignificant when controlling for levels at the nearest beach. In contrast, enterococcus at the closest beach yields a negative 0.03% to 0.02% elasticity that extends 2.5 km. Controlling for beach closures suggests negative effects as far as 3.5 km from beaches. Our findings demonstrate that the impact of water quality on home prices may extend further than previously suggested by the literature, at least at large iconic waterbodies like the Sound.
Ferromagnetic response of thin NiI$_2$ flakes up to room temperatures
Creators: name: Orlova, N. N.
name: Avakyants, A. A.
name: Timonina, A. V.
name: Kolesnikov, N. N.
name: Deviatov, E. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the magnetic response of thin NiI$_2$ flakes for temperatures above 80~K. Since no magnetic ordering is expected for bulk NiI$_2$, we observe clear paramagnetic response for massive NiI$_2$ single crystals. In contrast, thin NiI$_2$ flakes show well-defined ferromagnetic hysteresis loop within $\pm2$~kOe field range. The value of the response does not scale with the sample mass, ferromagnetic hysteresis can be seen for any flake orientation in the external field, so it originates from the sample surface, possibly, due to the anisotropic exchange (Kitaev interaction). The observed ferromagnetism is weakly sensitive to temperature up to 300~K. If a flake is multiply exposed to air, ferromagnetic hysteresis is accompanied by the periodic modulation of the magnetization curves, which is usually a fingerprint of the multiferroic state. While NiI$_2$ flakes can not be considered as multiferroics above 80~K, surface degradation due to the crystallohydrate formation decreases the symmetry of NiI$_2$ surface, which produces the surface ferroelectric polarization in addition to the described above ferromagnetic one.
Laser Calibration System for Time of Flight Scintillator Arrays
Creators: name: Denniston, A.
name: Segarra, E. P.
name: Schmidt, A.
name: Beck, A.
name: Beck, S. May-Tal
name: Cruz-Torres, R.
name: Hauenstein, F.
name: Hrnjic, A.
name: Kutz, T.
name: Nambrath, A.
name: Pybus, J. R.
name: Toledo, P.
name: Weinstein, L. B.
name: Olivenboim, M.
name: Piasetzky, E.
name: Korover, I.
name: Hen, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A laser calibration system was developed for monitoring and calibrating time of flight (TOF) scintillating detector arrays. The system includes setups for both small- and large-scale scintillator arrays. Following test-bench characterization, the laser system was recently commissioned in experimental Hall B at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for use on the new Backward Angle Neutron Detector (BAND) scintillator array. The system successfully provided time walk corrections, absolute time calibration, and TOF drift correction for the scintillators in BAND. This showcases the general applicability of the system for use on high-precision TOF detectors.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
CII, CI, and CO in the massive star forming region W3 Main
Creators: name: Kramer, C.
name: Jakob, H.
name: Mookerjea, B.
name: Schneider, N.
name: Bruell, M.
name: Stutzki, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the KOSMA 3m telescope to map the core 7'x5' of the Galactic massive star forming region W3Main in the two fine structure lines of atomic carbon and four mid-J transitions of CO and 13CO. In combination with a map of singly ionized carbon (Howe et al. 1991), and FIR fine structure line data observed by ISO/LWS at the center position, these data sets allow to study in detail the physical structure of the photon dominated cloud interface regions (PDRs) where the occurance of carbon changes from CII to CI, and to CO.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in "Proceedings of the 4th Cologne-Bonn-Zermatt-Symposium, The dense interstellar medium in galaxies", eds. S. Pfalzner, C. Kramer, C. Straubmeier, and A. Heithausen (Springer Verlag)
What’s in a Name? A Systematic Search for Alternatives to “VSL”
Creators: name: Dockins, Chris
name: Maguire, Kelly B.
name: Newbold, Steve
name: Simon, Nathalie B.
name: Krupnick, Alan
name: Taylor, Laura O.
name: Dockins, Chris
name: Maguire, Kelly B.
name: Newbold, Steve
name: Simon, Nathalie B.
name: Krupnick, Alan
name: Taylor, Laura O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: value of statistical life
subject: mortality risk valuation
subject: terminology
subject: focus group

description: Benefit-cost analyses of environmental, health, and safety regulations often rely on an estimate of the “value of statistical life,” or VSL, to calculate the aggregate benefits of human mortality risk reductions in monetary terms. The VSL represents the marginal rate of substitution between mortality risk and money, and while well-understood by economists, to many non-economists, decision-makers, media professionals, and others, the term resembles obfuscated jargon bordering on the immoral. This paper describes a series of seven focus groups in which we applied a systematic approach for identifying and testing alternatives to the VSL terminology. Our objective was to identify a term that better communicates the VSL concept. Specifically, a list of 17 alternatives to the VSL term was developed and tested in focus groups that culminated in a formal ranking exercise. Using a round-robin tournament approach to analyze the data, and our qualitative judgments, we identify “value of reduced mortality risk” as the dominant replacement term among the alternatives tested.
METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF PHILOSOPHICAL INFLUENCE-ECONOMIC FACTORS FOR THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL RELATIONS
Creators: name: Shandra, B.
name: Kostovyat, H.
name: Shpuhanych, A.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2021
Subjects: philosophical and economic factors
social relations
crimes
social control
victimization

description: This article examines the key factors that influence the formation of social relations, their interrelationship and the consequences of unbalanced social relations, The change of people's outlook in the process of establishing a subculture of the evil world, a clear correlation between evil and certain social factors, such as: ethical and cultural affiliation, social and economic status, as well as their interconnectedness and interdependence. The authors have investigated and disclosed the essence of materialistic and idealistic approaches. They paid attention to social control as one of the important functions of public administration, the purpose of which is to maintain the established social and legal order that is based on the system of values that form the basis of social organization
KMT-2017-BLG-0673Lb and KMT-2019-BLG-0414Lb: Two microlensing planets detected in peripheral fields of KMTNet survey
Creators: name: Han, Cheongho
name: Lee, Chung-Uk
name: Gould, Andrew
name: Jung, Youn Kil
name: Albrow, Michael D.
name: Chung, Sun-Ju
name: Hwang, Kyu-Ha
name: Kim, Doeon
name: Ryu, Yoon-Hyun
name: Shin, In-Gu
name: Shvartzvald, Yossi
name: Yang, Hongjing
name: Yee, Jennifer C.
name: Zang, Weicheng
name: Cha, Sang-Mok
name: Kim, Dong-Jin
name: Kim, Seung-Lee
name: Lee, Dong-Joo
name: Lee, Yongseok
name: Park, Byeong-Gon
name: Pogge, Richard W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the microlensing data collected during the 2017--2019 seasons in the peripheral Galactic bulge fields with the aim of finding planetary signals in microlensing light curves observed with relatively sparse coverage. We first sort out lensing events with weak short-term anomalies in the lensing light curves from the visual inspection of all non-prime-field events, and then test various interpretations of the anomalies. From this procedure, we find two previously unidentified candidate planetary lensing events KMT-2017-BLG-0673 and KMT-2019-BLG-0414. It is found that the planetary signal of KMT-2017-BLG-0673 was produced by the source crossing over a planet-induced caustic, but it was previously missed because of the sparse coverage of the signal. On the other hand, the possibly planetary signal of KMT-2019-BLG-0414 was generated without caustic crossing, and it was previously missed due to the weakness of the signal. We identify a unique planetary solution for KMT-2017-BLG-0673. However, for KMT-2019-BLG-0414, we identify two pairs of planetary solutions, for each of which there are two solutions caused by the close-wide degeneracy, and a slightly less favored binary-source solution, in which a single lens mass gravitationally magnified a rapidly orbiting binary source with a faint companion (xallarap). From Bayesian analyses, it is estimated that the planet KMT-2017-BLG-0673Lb has a mass of $3.7^{+2.2}_{-2.1}~M_{\rm J}$, and it is orbiting a late K-type host star with a mass of $0.63^{+0.37}_{-0.35}~M_\odot$. Under the planetary interpretation of KMT-2010-BLG-0414L, a star with a mass of $0.74^{+0.43}_{-0.38}~M_\odot$ hosts a planet with a mass of $\sim 3.2$--3.6~$M_{\rm J}$ depending on the solution. We discuss the possible resolution of the planet-xallarap degeneracy of KMT-2019-BLG-0414 by future adaptive-optics observations on 30~m class telescopes.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
I lavori pubblici nello “Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica”. Rapporto sulla Programmazione triennale e annuale dei Lavori Pubblici, annualità 2017 - 2020.
Creators: name: PORTA, FRANCESCA ROMANA
name: DE FILIPPIS, LIANA
name: BARTONE, ELISABETTA
name: RAGO, Matteo
name: BELLASSAI, Giancarlo
name: DI CICCO, Nicola
name: INAMO, DAVIDE
name: LIGGIO, Giovanni
name: MATTANA, Simone
name: MIGLIETTA, Luciano
name: PACINELLI, Lucio Primo
Publisher: name: Direzione Generale
Year: 2022

description: Attraverso l’analisi della Programmazione triennale e annuale dei Lavori Pubblici, il documento approfondisce l’andamento dei lavori pubblici nello “Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica” con particolare riferimento al triennio 2017 - 2020.
A Compatible Finite Element Discretisation for the Moist Compressible Euler Equations
Creators: name: Bendall, Thomas M.
name: Gibson, Thomas H.
name: Shipton, Jemma
name: Cotter, Colin J.
name: Shipway, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new discretisation of the moist compressible Euler equations, using the compatible finite element framework identified in Cotter and Shipton (2012). The discretisation strategy is described and details of the parametrisations of moist processes are presented. A procedure for establishing hydrostatic balance for moist atmospheres is introduced, and the model's performance is demonstrated through several test cases, two of which are new.
Muddying the Water? An Analysis of Non-Constant Baselines in Stated Preference Surveys
Creators: name: Maguire, Kelly B.
name: Moore, Chris
name: Guignet, Dennis
name: Dockins, Chris
name: Simon, Nathalie B.
name: Maguire, Kelly B.
name: Moore, Chris
name: Guignet, Dennis
name: Dockins, Chris
name: Simon, Nathalie B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: baseline
subject: benefit-cost analysis
subject: Chesapeake Bay
subject: nonmarket valuation
subject: stated preference survey

description: Defining baseline conditions is a key component of regulatory benefit-cost analysis. Most stated preference studies assume that the current state of the world in the absence of additional policy action remains constant. In the time that passes while a regulation is evaluated, implemented, and produces the intended environmental impacts, however, this is unlikely to be the case. To address this largely unexplored area of nonmarket valuation, we administer a stated preference survey using a three-way split sample design. Respondents are either told future baseline conditions would remain constant, decline, or improve without additional policy interventions. While we find some evidence to support predictions of the standard theoretical model, we also find that behavioral and emotional reactions to the non-constant baseline scenarios muddy the waters, introducing some countervailing factors. These results have implications for the design and use of stated preference results in benefit-cost analysis.
To Build Our Future, We Must Know Our Past: Contextualizing Paradigm Shifts in Natural Language Processing
Creators: name: Gururaja, Sireesh
name: Bertsch, Amanda
name: Na, Clara
name: Widder, David Gray
name: Strubell, Emma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: NLP is in a period of disruptive change that is impacting our methodologies, funding sources, and public perception. In this work, we seek to understand how to shape our future by better understanding our past. We study factors that shape NLP as a field, including culture, incentives, and infrastructure by conducting long-form interviews with 26 NLP researchers of varying seniority, research area, institution, and social identity. Our interviewees identify cyclical patterns in the field, as well as new shifts without historical parallel, including changes in benchmark culture and software infrastructure. We complement this discussion with quantitative analysis of citation, authorship, and language use in the ACL Anthology over time. We conclude by discussing shared visions, concerns, and hopes for the future of NLP. We hope that this study of our field's past and present can prompt informed discussion of our community's implicit norms and more deliberate action to consciously shape the future.
description: Accepted to EMNLP 2023
Preterm Birth and Economic Benefits of Reduced Maternal Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter
Creators: name: Kim, Jina J.
name: Axelrad, Daniel A.
name: Dockins, Chris
name: Kim, Jina J.
name: Axelrad, Daniel A.
name: Dockins, Chris
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: air pollution
subject: preterm birth
subject: benefits
subject: PM2.5

description: Preterm birth (PTB) is a predictor of infant mortality and later-life morbidity. Despite recent declines, PTB rates remain high in the United States. Growing research suggests a relationship between a mother’s exposure to air pollution and PTB of her baby. Many policy actions to reduce exposure to common air pollutants require benefit-cost analysis (BCA), and it’s possible that PTB will need to be included in BCA in the future. However, an estimate of the willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid PTB risk is not available, and a comprehensive alternative valuation of the health benefits of reducing pollutant-related PTB currently does not exist. This paper demonstrates a potential approach to assess economic benefits of reducing PTB resulting from environmental exposures when an estimate of WTP to avoid PTB risk is unavailable. We utilized a recent meta-analysis and county-level air quality and PTB data to estimate the potential health and economic benefits of a reduction in air pollution-related PTB, with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as our case study pollutant. Using this method, a simulated 10% decrease from 2008 PM2.5 levels resulted in a reduction of 5,016 PTBs and savings of at least $339 million, potentially reaching over one billion dollars when considering later-life effects of PTB.
The spin-up of a star gaining mass in a close binary system on the thermal time scale
Creators: name: Staritsin, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the exchange of mass in a binary system as a channel through which a Be star can receive a rapid rotation. The mass-transfer phase in a massive close binary system in the Hertzsprung-gap is accompanied by the spinning up of the accreting component. We consider a case when the mass of the accreting component increases by 1.5 times. The component acquires mass and angular momentum while in a state of critical rotation. The angular momentum of the component increases by 50 times. Meridional circulation effectively transports angular momentum inside the component during the mass-transfer phase and during the thermal time scale after the end of the mass-transfer phase. As a result of mass transfer, the component acquires the rotation typical of classical Be stars.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Quantum teleportation implies symmetry-protected topological order
Creators: name: Hong, Yifan
name: Stephen, David T.
name: Friedman, Aaron J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrain a broad class of teleportation protocols using insights from locality. In the "standard" teleportation protocols we consider, all outcome-dependent unitaries are Pauli operators conditioned on linear functions of the measurement outcomes. We find that all such protocols involve preparing a "resource state" exhibiting symmetry-protected topological (SPT) order with Abelian protecting symmetry $\mathcal{G}_{k}= (\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2)^k$. The $k$ logical states are teleported between the edges of the chain by measuring the corresponding $2k$ string order parameters in the bulk and applying outcome-dependent Paulis. Hence, this single class of nontrivial SPT states is both necessary and sufficient for the standard teleportation of $k$ qubits. We illustrate this result with several examples, including the cluster state, variants thereof, and a nonstabilizer hypergraph state.
description: 36 pages, 8 figures; v2 changes: added summary of main assumptions and results; v3 changes: added additional references and reformatted for Quantum; v4 changes: added acknowledgement
The resumption of sports competitions after COVID-19 lockdown: The case of the Spanish football league
Creators: name: Buldú, Javier M.
name: Antequera, Daniel R.
name: Aguirre, Jacobo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this work, we present a stochastic discrete-time SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) model adapted to describe the propagation of COVID-19 during a football tournament. Specifically, we are concerned about the re-start of the Spanish national football league, La Liga, which is currently -May 2020- stopped with 11 fixtures remaining. Our model includes two additional states of an individual, confined and quarantined, which are reached when an individual presents COVID-19 symptoms or has undergone a virus test with a positive result. The model also accounts for the interaction dynamics of players, considering three different sources of infection: the player social circle, the contact with his/her team colleagues during training sessions, and the interaction with rivals during a match. Our results highlight the influence of the days between matches, the frequency of virus tests and their sensitivity on the number of players infected at the end of the season. Following our findings, we finally present a variety of strategies to minimize the probability that COVID-19 propagates in case the season of La Liga was re-started after the current lockdown.
Self-diffusion in dense granular shear flows
Creators: name: Utter, Brian
name: Behringer, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusivity is a key quantity in describing velocity fluctuations in granular materials. These fluctuations are the basis of many thermodynamic and hydrodynamic models which aim to provide a statistical description of granular systems. We present experimental results on diffusivity in dense, granular shear in a 2D Couette geometry. We find that self-diffusivities are proportional to the local shear rate with diffusivities along the mean flow approximately twice as large as those in the perpendicular direction. The magnitude of the diffusivity is D \approx \dotγa^2 where a is the particle radius. However, the gradient in shear rate, coupling to the mean flow, and drag at the moving boundary lead to particle displacements that can appear sub- or super-diffusive. In particular, diffusion appears superdiffusive along the mean flow direction due to Taylor dispersion effects and subdiffusive along the perpendicular direction due to the gradient in shear rate. The anisotropic force network leads to an additional anisotropy in the diffusivity that is a property of dense systems with no obvious analog in rapid flows. Specifically, the diffusivity is supressed along the direction of the strong force network. A simple random walk simulation reproduces the key features of the data, such as the apparent superdiffusive and subdiffusive behavior arising from the mean flow, confirming the underlying diffusive motion. The additional anisotropy is not observed in the simulation since the strong force network is not included. Examples of correlated motion, such as transient vortices, and Levy flights are also observed. Although correlated motion creates velocity fields qualitatively different from Brownian motion and can introduce non-diffusive effects, on average the system appears simply diffusive.
description: 13 pages, 20 figures (accepted to Phys. Rev. E)
Do Discrete Choice Approaches to Valuing Urban Amenities Yield Different Results Than Hedonic Models?
Creators: name: Sinha, Paramita
name: Caulkins, Martha
name: Cropper, Maureen
name: Sinha, Paramita
name: Caulkins, Martha
name: Cropper, Maureen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: amenity valuation
subject: location choice
subject: hedonic models
subject: value of climate

description: Amenities that vary across cities are typically valued using either a hedonic model, in which amenities are capitalized into wages and housing prices, or a discrete model of household location choice. In this paper, we use the 2000 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) to value climate amenities using both methods. We compare estimates of marginal willingness to pay (MWTP), first assuming homogeneous tastes for climate amenities and then allowing preferences for climate amenities to vary by location. We find that mean MWTP for warmer winters is about four times larger using the discrete choice approach than with the hedonic approach; mean MWTP for cooler summers is twice as large. The two approaches also differ in their estimates of taste sorting. The discrete choice model implies that households with the highest MWTP for warmer winters locate in cities with the mildest winters, while the hedonic model does not. Differences in estimates are due to three factors: (1) the discrete choice model incorporates the psychological costs of moving from one’s birthplace, which the hedonic models do not; (2) the discrete choice model allows for city-specific labor and housing markets, rather than assuming a national market; (3) the discrete choice model uses information on market shares (i.e., population) in estimating parameters, which the hedonic model does not.
RSAdapter: Adapting Multimodal Models for Remote Sensing Visual Question Answering
Creators: name: Wang, Yuduo
name: Ghamisi, Pedram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, with the rapid advancement of transformer models, transformer-based multimodal architectures have found wide application in various downstream tasks, including but not limited to Image Captioning, Visual Question Answering (VQA), and Image-Text Generation. However, contemporary approaches to Remote Sensing (RS) VQA often involve resource-intensive techniques, such as full fine-tuning of large models or the extraction of image-text features from pre-trained multimodal models, followed by modality fusion using decoders. These approaches demand significant computational resources and time, and a considerable number of trainable parameters are introduced. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel method known as RSAdapter, which prioritizes runtime and parameter efficiency. RSAdapter comprises two key components: the Parallel Adapter and an additional linear transformation layer inserted after each fully connected (FC) layer within the Adapter. This approach not only improves adaptation to pre-trained multimodal models but also allows the parameters of the linear transformation layer to be integrated into the preceding FC layers during inference, reducing inference costs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of RSAdapter, we conduct an extensive series of experiments using three distinct RS-VQA datasets and achieve state-of-the-art results on all three datasets. The code for RSAdapter is available online at https://github.com/Y-D-Wang/RSAdapter.