cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A society transformed : a political analysis of rural Malay society
Creators: name: Clark, Mark William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis presents a political analysis of rural Malay society in Peninsular Malaysia. Like other traditional societies in Southeast Asia, Peninsular Malaysia has had to contend with the intrusion of economic modernization and the adoption of western democratic institutions and processes. These influences have had a profound affect on how politics is conducted in these states. Since governments must now acquire and maintain the support of a largely rural based population through the electoral principle, these governments must link their bureaucracies and political structures with the peasant in order to maintain stability for their governing bodies. One important way of achieving this goal is to coopt into the institutions of state, those persons viewed by the villager as leaders of their community. What, then, becomes the glue which bonds the villager to state institutions? That glue is the patron-client relationship. The coopting of a patron produces the necessary linkage between state institutions and the villager. But in order for this connection process to be completed, these leaders must in turn connect with higher level leaders (patrons) who operate within pyramidal structures of patron-client relationships throughout the various levels of the bureaucracy and political structures. I refer to these linkage connections as "linchpins". By examining a number of village case studies in Peninsular Malaysia, I provide evidence that the nature of the patron-client relationship has been transformed by the modern state influences. The political dominance of the government has created patron-client structures influenced by the political institutions (e.g., political parties). This political influence has weakened the ability of the bureaucracy to function with any effective linchpins between it and the villager. On the other hand, the political influence has strengthened the linchpin connections between the villager and the politicians. The effects of this dominance has not only shifted patron-client relationships but also has created the environment for either alliance formation, through the existing power structure as factions (within a political party, for example), or has created the potential for peasant group action which could be manifested in protest movements generated outside the patron-client structure. The result could be a weakening or dissolution of patron-client structures. Combine these possibilities and the result will be inimical to state stability.
Additional file 1 of BMAL1 plays a critical role in the protection against cardiac hypertrophy through autophagy in vitro
Creators: name: Yu, Lei
name: Ren, Lei
name: Dong, Linchang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. RT-qPCR analyses of BMAL1 mRNA expression in each group. PBS, control group. Ang II + BMAL1cDNA, BMAL1 overexpression was performed after cardiomyocytes having become hypertrophic induced by Ang II. Ang II + pcDNA, negative controls group. Ang II, normal cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II. **P < 0.01 vs. Ang II. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Figure S2. RT-qPCR analyses of BMAL1 mRNA expression in each group. PBS, control group. BMAL1 shRNA, BMAL1 knockdown group. BMAL1 shRNA + AngII, BMAL1 knockdown and treated with AngII for 24h, Scra shRNA + AngII, negative controls group. Ang II, normal cardiomyocytes treated with Ang II. **P < 0.01 vs. PBS group, n.s. P > 0.1 vs. BMAL1 shRNA + Ang II group, # P > 0.1 vs. Ang II group. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Supplementary Table 1. Lists of primer sequences for qPCR analysis, and shRNA oligonucleotides for gene knockdown.
Oxypoda gnara Casey 1911
Creators: name: Webster, Reginald
name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Savard, Karine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Oxypoda
Oxypoda gnara

description: Oxypoda gnara Casey, 1911 Fig 18, Map 18 New Records. CANADA, New Brunswick, York Co., Slagundy Dry Ponds, 45.8596°N, 67.1849°W, 8.VII.2006 (5 ♁, 5 ♀, 2 sex undetermined, RWC). Map Į8. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of Oxypoda gnara. Bionomic Notes. Oxypoda gnara was collected from moist leaves along the margin of a large (35 m x 15 m) vernal pond in a mixed forest. Th is pond usually dries up completely by mid-July during most years, but was full when the adults were collected in July 2006 due to heavy rains. Nothing was previously known about the bionomics of this species. Collection method: sifting. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB (Klimaszewski et al. 2006; Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007).
description: Published as part of Webster, Reginald, Klimaszewski, Jan, Pelletier, Georges & Savard, Karine, 2009, New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada. I. Aleocharinae, pp. 171-248 in ZooKeys 22 (22) on pages 194-195, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.22.152, http://zenodo.org/record/576537
description: {"references": ["Casey TL (1911) New American species of Aleocharinae and Myllaeninae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera 2. Th e New Era Printing Co., Lancaster, Pennsylvania.", "Gouix N, Klimaszewski J (2007) Catalogue of Aleocharine Rove Beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 165 pp."]}
Zeeman and Orbital Driven Phase Transitions in Planar Josephson Junctions
Creators: name: Haxell, D. Z.
name: Coraiola, M.
name: Sabonis, D.
name: Hinderling, M.
name: Kate, S. C. ten
name: Cheah, E.
name: Krizek, F.
name: Schott, R.
name: Wegscheider, W.
name: Nichele, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform supercurrent and tunneling spectroscopy measurements on gate-tunable InAs/Al Josephson junctions (JJs) in an in-plane magnetic field, and report on phase shifts in the current-phase relation measured with respect to an absolute phase reference. The impact of orbital effects is investigated by studying multiple devices with different superconducting lead sizes. At low fields, we observe gate-dependent phase shifts of up to ${φ_{0}=0.5π}$ which are consistent with a Zeeman field coupling to highly-transmissive Andreev bound states via Rashba spin-orbit interaction. A distinct phase shift emerges at larger fields, concomitant with a switching current minimum and the closing and reopening of the superconducting gap. These signatures of an induced phase transition, which might resemble a topological transition, scale with the superconducting lead size, demonstrating the crucial role of orbital effects. Our results elucidate the interplay of Zeeman, spin-orbit and orbital effects in InAs/Al JJs, giving new understanding to phase transitions in hybrid JJs and their applications in quantum computing and superconducting electronics.
Study of B+ to p Lambdabar gamma, p Lambdabar pi0 and B0 to p Lambdabar pi-
Creators: name: Wang, M. -Z.
name: Lee, Y. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the charmless baryonic three-body decays of B mesons: B+ to p Lambdabar gamma, B+ to p Lambdabar pi0 and B0 to p Lambdabar pi-. The partial branching fractions as a function of the baryon-antibaryon mass and the polar angle distributions of the proton in the baryon-antibaryon system are presented. This study includes the first observation of B+ to p Lambdabar pi0, which is measured to have a branching fraction of (3.00^{+0.61}_{-0.53}\pm 0.33) times 10^{-6}. We also set upper limits on branching fractions of the two-body decays B0 to p Sigmabar^{*-}, B0 to Delta^0 Lambdabar, B+ to p Sigmabar^{*0}, and B+ to Delta^+ Lambdabar at the 90% confidence level. These results are obtained from a 414fb^{-1} data sample collected near the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures (11 figure files), PRD published version
Distributed Compression and Multiparty Squashed Entanglement
Creators: name: Avis, David
name: Hayden, Patrick
name: Savov, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study a protocol in which many parties use quantum communication to transfer a shared state to a receiver without communicating with each other. This protocol is a multiparty version of the fully quantum Slepian-Wolf protocol for two senders and arises through the repeated application of the two-sender protocol. We describe bounds on the achievable rate region for the distributed compression problem. The inner bound arises by expressing the achievable rate region for our protocol in terms of its vertices and extreme rays and, equivalently, in terms of facet inequalities. We also prove an outer bound on all possible rates for distributed compression based on the multiparty squashed entanglement, a measure of multiparty entanglement.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures thanks to jPicEdt. In v2 we fixed some typos and made minor clarifications and updates
An interpretable wildfire spreading model for real-time predictions
Creators: name: Vogiatzoglou, Konstantinos
name: Papadimitriou, Costas
name: Ampountolas, Konstantinos
name: Chatzimanolakis, Michail
name: Koumoutsakos, Petros
name: Bontozoglou, Vasilis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Forest fires pose a natural threat with devastating social, environmental, and economic implications. The rapid and highly uncertain rate of spread of wildfires necessitates a trustworthy digital tool capable of providing real-time estimates of fire evolution and human interventions, while receiving continuous input from remote sensing. The current work aims at developing an interpretable, physics-based model that will serve as the core of such a tool. This model is constructed using easily understandable equations, incorporating a limited set of parameters that capture essential quantities and heat transport mechanisms. The simplicity of the model allows for effective utilization of data from sensory input, enabling optimal estimation of these parameters. In particular, simplified versions of combustion kinetics and mass/energy balances lead to a computationally inexpensive system of differential equations that provide the spatio-temporal evolution of temperature and flammables over a two-dimensional region. The model is validated by comparing its predictions and the effect of parameters such as flammable bulk density, moisture content, and wind speed, with benchmark results. Additionally, the model successfully captures the evolution of the firefront shape and its rate of spread in multiple directions.
Chiral symmetry and the string description of excited hadrons
Creators: name: Glozman, L. Ya.
name: Nefediev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large symmetry group is perhaps experimentally observed in excited hadrons which includes the chiral group U(2)_L x U(2)_R as a subgroup. To possess this large symmetry a dynamical model for excited hadrons, presumably a string model, should explain formation of chiral multiplets and, at the same time, predict coinciding slopes of the angular and radial Regge trajectories. This is possible only if both the dynamics of the string and the chirality of the quarks at the ends of the string are considered together. We construct a model-independent unitary transformation from the relativistic chiral basis to the ^{2S+1}L_J basis, commonly used in hadronic phenomenology as well as in the string models, and demonstrate that a hadron belonging to the given chiral representation is a fixed superposition of the basis vectors with different L's and S's. Thus the description of highly excited hadron in terms of a fixed L is not compatible with chiral symmetry and has to be disregarded in favour of the description in terms of the total hadron spin J. Therefore, dynamics of the string must deliver the principal quantum number ~n+J, in order chiral multiplets with different spins to become degenerate, as required by the large symmetry group.
description: RevTeX, 5 pages, a few footnotes have been added, to appear in PRD
Extending JumpProcess.jl for fast point process simulation with time-varying intensities
Creators: name: Zagatti, Guilherme Augusto
name: Isaacson, Samuel A.
name: Rackauckas, Christopher
name: Ilin, Vasily
name: Ng, See-Kiong
name: Bressan, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3; G.4
subject: 60G55

description: Point processes model the occurrence of a countable number of random points over some support. They can model diverse phenomena, such as chemical reactions, stock market transactions and social interactions. We show that JumpProcesses.jl is a fast, general-purpose library for simulating point processes. JumpProcesses.jl was first developed for simulating jump processes via stochastic simulation algorithms (SSAs) (including Doob's method, Gillespie's methods, and Kinetic Monte Carlo methods). Historically, jump processes have been developed in the context of dynamical systems to describe dynamics with discrete jumps. In contrast, the development of point processes has been more focused on describing the occurrence of random events. In this paper, we bridge the gap between the treatment of point and jump process simulation. The algorithms previously included in JumpProcesses.jl can be mapped to three general methods developed in statistics for simulating evolutionary point processes. Our comparative exercise revealed that the library initially lacked an efficient algorithm for simulating processes with variable intensity rates. We, therefore, extended JumpProcesses.jl with a new simulation algorithm, Coevolve, that enables the rapid simulation of processes with locally-bounded variable intensity rates. It is now possible to efficiently simulate any point process on the real line with a non-negative, left-continuous, history-adapted and locally bounded intensity rate coupled or not with differential equations. This extension significantly improves the computational performance of JumpProcesses.jl when simulating such processes, enabling it to become one of the few readily available, fast, general-purpose libraries for simulating evolutionary point processes.
Detection of circumstellar material in a normal Type Ia Supernova
Creators: name: Patat, F.
name: Chandra, P.
name: Chevalier, R.
name: Justham, S.
name: Podsiadlowski, Ph.
name: Wolf, C.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Pasquini, L.
name: Crawford, I. A.
name: Mazzali, P. A.
name: Pauldrach, A. W. A.
name: Nomoto, K.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Cappellaro, E.
name: Elias-Rosa, N.
name: Hillebrandt, W.
name: Leonard, D. C.
name: Pastorello, A.
name: Renzini, A.
name: Sabbadin, F.
name: Simon, J. D.
name: Turatto, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type Ia supernovae are thought to be thermonuclear explosions of accreting white dwarfs that reach a critical mass limit. Despite their importance as cosmological distance indicators, the nature of their progenitors has remained controversial. Here we report the detection of circumstellar material in a normal Type Ia supernova. The expansion velocities, densities and dimensions of the circumstellar envelope indicate that this material was ejected from the progenitor system. The relatively low expansion velocities appear to favor a progenitor system where a white dwarf accretes material from a companion star which is in the red-giant phase at the time of explosion.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Science. Full resolution version at http://www.hq.eso.org/~fpatat/science/sn06X/preprint.pdf . The original paper can be found at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1143005
Nonadiabatic charged spherical gravitational collapse
Creators: name: Di Prisco, A.
name: Herrera, L.
name: Denmat, G. Le
name: MacCallum, M. A. H.
name: Santos, N. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete set of the equations and matching conditions required for the description of physically meaningful charged, dissipative, spherically symmetric gravitational collapse with shear. Dissipation is described with both free-streaming and diffusion approximations. The effects of viscosity are also taken into account. The roles of different terms in the dynamical equation are analyzed in detail. The dynamical equation is coupled to a causal transport equation in the context of Israel-Stewart theory. The decrease of the inertial mass density of the fluid, by a factor which depends on its internal thermodynamic state, is reobtained, with the viscosity terms included. In accordance with the equivalence principle, the same decrease factor is obtained for the gravitational force term. The effect of the electric charge on the relation between the Weyl tensor and the inhomogeneity of energy density is discussed.
description: 23 pages, Latex. To appear in Phys. Rev. D. Some references corrected
WDVV equations and invariant bi-Hamiltonian formalism
Creators: name: Vašíček, Jakub
name: Vitolo, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K05, 37K10, 37K20, 37K25

description: The purpose of the paper is to show that, in low dimensions, the WDVV equations are bi-Hamiltonian. The invariance of the bi-Hamiltonian formalism is proved for $N=3$. More examples in higher dimensions show that the result might hold in general. The invariance group of the bi-Hamiltonian pairs that we find for WDVV equations is the group of projective transformations. The significance of projective invariance of WDVV equations is discussed in detail. The computer algebra programs that were used for calculations throughout the paper are provided in a GitHub repository.
description: 37 pages, no figures
The isospin symmetry breaking effects in $K_{e4}$ decays
Creators: name: Gevorkyan, S. R.
name: Sissakian, A. N.
name: Tarasov, A. V.
name: Torosyan, H. T.
name: Voskresenskaya, O. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi-Watson theorem is generalized to the case of two coupled channels with different masses and applied to final state interaction in $K_{e4}$ decays. The impact of considered effect on the phase of the $ππ$ scattering is estimated and shown that it can be crucial for scattering lengths extraction from experimental data on $K_{e4}$ decays.
Neutron-skin thickness of finite nuclei in relativistic mean-field models with chiral limits
Creators: name: Jiang, Wei-Zhou
name: Li, Bao-An
name: Chen, Lie-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study several structure properties of finite nuclei using relativistic mean-field Lagrangians constructed according to the Brown-Rho scaling due to the chiral symmetry restoration at high densities. The models are consistent with current experimental constraints for the equations of state of symmetric matter at both normal and supra-normal densities and of asymmetric matter at sub-saturation densities. It is shown that these models can successfully describe the binding energies and charge radii of finite nuclei. Compared to calculations with usual relativistic mean-field models, these models give a reduced thickness of neutron skin in ^{208}Pb between 0.17 fm and 0.21 fm. The reduction of the predicted neutron skin thickness is found to be due to not only the softening of the symmetry energy but also the scaling property of $ρ$ meson required by the partial restoration of chiral symmetry.
description: Accepted version to appear in PRC (2007)
CP Violation Studies at Tevatron
Creators: name: Ben-Haim, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview of a few recent results related to CP-violation from the Tevatron. First, we discuss a measurement of the dimuon charge asymmetry from DØthat extracts the CP-violation parameter of $\Bo$ mixing and decay. This is followed by the CDF measurement of the CP-violating asymmetry in $\bdkpi$ decays. Finally we give the CDF result on the ratio $R = \frac{BR(B \to D^0 K)}{BR(B \to D^0 π)}$
description: 4 pages. Talk given at BEACH 2006, Lancaster, England
Entanglement induced Sub-Planck structures
Creators: name: Bhatt, Jitesh R.
name: Panigrahi, Prasanta K.
name: Vyas, Manan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Wigner function of a system describing entanglement of two cat-states. Quantum interferece arising due to entanglement is shown to produce sub-Planck structures in the phase-space plots of the Wigner function. Origin of these structures in our case depends on entanglement unlike those in Zurek \cite{Zurek}. It is argued that the entangled cat-states are better suited for carrying out precision measurements.
description: 6 pages 2 figures (revised version include more quantitative discussion)
X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich scaling relations in galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Morandi, A.
name: Ettori, S.
name: Moscardini, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We present an analysis of the scaling relations between X-ray properties and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) parameters for a sample of 24 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters observed with Chandra and with measured SZ effect. These objects are in the redshift range 0.14--0.82 and have X-ray bolometric luminosity L>10^45 erg/s. We perform a spatially resolved spectral analysis and recover the density, temperature and pressure profiles of the ICM, just relying on the spherical symmetry of the cluster and the hydrostatic equilibrium hypothesis. We observe that the correlations among X-ray quantities only are in agreement with previous results obtained for samples of high-z X-ray luminous galaxy clusters. On the relations involving SZ quantities, we obtain that they correlate with the gas temperature with a logarithmic slope significantly larger than the predicted value from the self-similar model. The measured scatter indicates, however, that the central Compton parameter y_0 is a proxy of the gas temperature at the same level of other X-ray quantities like luminosity. Our results on the X-ray and SZ scaling relations show a tension between the quantities more related to the global energy of the system (e.g. gas temperature, gravitating mass) and the indicators of the structure of the ICM (e.g. gas density profile, central Compton parameter y_0), showing the most significant deviations from the values of the slope predicted from the self-similar model in the L-T, L-M_{tot}, M_{gas}-T, y_0-T relations. When the slope is fixed to the self-similar value, these relations consistently show a negative evolution suggesting a scenario in which the ICM at higher redshift has lower both X-ray luminosity and pressure in the central regions than the expectations from self-similar model.
description: MNRAS in press - Minor revision to match published version
Outer boundary conditions for Einstein's field equations in harmonic coordinates
Creators: name: Ruiz, Milton
name: Rinne, Oliver
name: Sarbach, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze Einstein's vacuum field equations in generalized harmonic coordinates on a compact spatial domain with boundaries. We specify a class of boundary conditions which is constraint-preserving and sufficiently general to include recent proposals for reducing the amount of spurious reflections of gravitational radiation. In particular, our class comprises the boundary conditions recently proposed by Kreiss and Winicour, a geometric modification thereof, the freezing-Psi0 boundary condition and the hierarchy of absorbing boundary conditions introduced by Buchman and Sarbach. Using the recent technique developed by Kreiss and Winicour based on an appropriate reduction to a pseudo-differential first order system, we prove well posedness of the resulting initial-boundary value problem in the frozen coefficient approximation. In view of the theory of pseudo-differential operators it is expected that the full nonlinear problem is also well posed. Furthermore, we implement some of our boundary conditions numerically and study their effectiveness in a test problem consisting of a perturbed Schwarzschild black hole.
description: Added more details on specifying initial data and the numerical calculation of reflection coefficients. 24 pages, 11 figures. To appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
On the Applications of a New Technique to Solve Linear Differential Equations, with and without Source
Creators: name: Gurappa, N.
name: Jha, Pankaj K.
name: Panigrahi, Prasanta K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general method for solving linear differential equations of arbitrary order, is used to arrive at new representations for the solutions of the known differential equations, both without and with a source term. A new quasi-solvable potential has also been constructed taking recourse to the above method.
description: This is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue on Integrable Systems and Related Topics, published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Study of B0 -> pi0 pi0, B -> pi pi0, and B -> K pi0 Decays, and Isospin Analysis of B -> pipi Decays
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present updated measurements of the branching fractions and CP asymmetries for B0 -> pi0 pi0, B+ -> pi+ pi0, and B+ -> K+ pi0. Based on a sample of 383 x 10^6 Upsilon(4S) -> B Bbar decays collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC, we measure B(B0 -> pi0 pi0) =(1.47 +/- 0.25 +/- 0.12) x 10^-6, B(B+ -> pi+ pi0)= (5.02 +/- 0.46 +/- 0.29) x 10^-6, and B(B+ -> K+ pi0) = (13.6 +/- 0.6 +/- 0.7) x 10^-6. We also measure the CP asymmetries C(pi0 pi0) = -0.49 +/- 0.35 +/- 0.05, A(pi+ pi0) = 0.03 +/- 0.08 +/- 0.01, and A(K+ pi0) = 0.030 +/- 0.039 +/- 0.010. Finally, we present bounds on the CKM angle $α$ using isospin relations.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (Rapid Communications)
High resolution X-ray scattering studies of structural phase transitions in underdoped La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$CuO$_4$
Creators: name: Zhao, Y.
name: Gaulin, B. D.
name: Castellan, J. P.
name: Ruff, J. P. C.
name: Dunsiger, S. R.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Dabkowska, H. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied structural phase transitions in high quality underdoped La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$CuO$_4$ single crystals using high resolution x-ray scattering techniques. Critical properties associated with the continuous High Temperature Tetragonal (HTT, $I4/mmm$) to Middle Temperature Orthorhombic (MTO, $Cmca$) phase transition were investigated in single crystal samples with x=0.125, 0.095, and 0.08 and we find that all behavior is consistent with three dimensional XY criticality, as expected from theory. Power law behavior in the orthorhombic strain, 2(a-b)/(a+b), is observed over a remarkably wide temperature range, spanning most of the MTO regime in the phase diagram. Low temperature measurements investigating the Low Temperature Tetragonal (LTT, $P4_{2}/ncm$) phase, below the strongly discontinuous MTO$\to$LTT phase transition, in x=0.125 and x=0.095 samples show that the LTT phase is characterized by relatively broad Bragg scattering, compared with that observed at related wavevectors in the HTT phase. This shows that the LTT phase is either an admixture of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases, or that it is orthorhombic with very small orthorhombic strain, consistent with the ``less orthorhombic" low temperature structure previously reported in mixed La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x-y}$Ba$_y$CuO$_4$ single crystals. We compare the complex temperature-composition phase diagram for the location of structural and superconducting phase transitions in underdoped La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$CuO$_4$ and find good agreement with results obtained on polycrystalline samples.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Dielectric spectroscopy in benzophenone: The beta relaxation and its relation to the mode-coupling Cole-Cole peak
Creators: name: Pardo, L. C.
name: Lunkenheimer, P.
name: Loidl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a thorough characterization of the glassy dynamics of benzophenone by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. We detect a well pronounced beta relaxation peak developing into an excess wing with increasing temperature. A previous analysis of results from Optical-Kerr-effect measurements on this material within the mode coupling theory revealed a high-frequency Cole-Cole peak. We address the question if this phenomenon also may explain the Johari-Goldstein beta relaxation, a so far unexplained spectral feature inherent to glass-forming matter, mainly observed in dielectric spectra. Our results demonstrate that according to the present status of theory, both spectral features seem not to be directly related.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; second version as published; small changes of text according to referee suggestions; title changed according to editor's demands
A relativistic gauge theory of nonlinear quantum mechanics and Newtonian gravity
Creators: name: Elze, Hans-Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new kind of gauge theory is introduced, where the minimal coupling and corresponding covariant derivatives are defined in the space of functions pertaining to the functional Schroedinger picture of a given field theory. While, for simplicity, we study the example of a U(1) symmetry, this kind of gauge theory can accommodate other symmetries as well. We consider the resulting relativistic nonlinear extension of quantum mechanics and show that it incorporates gravity in the (0+1)-dimensional limit, similar to recently studied Schroedinger-Newton equations. Gravity is encoded here into a universal nonlinear extension of quantum theory. A probabilistic interpretation (Born's rule) holds, provided the underlying model is scale free. Keywords: nonlinear functional Schroedinger equation, gauge symmetry, Newtonian gravity.
description: 16 pages; to appear in Int. J. Theor. Phys. (2007)
Testing Chameleon Theories with Light Propagating through a Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Brax, P.
name: van de Bruck, C.
name: Davis, A. C.
name: Mota, D. F.
name: Shaw, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently argued that the observed PVLAS anomaly can be explained by chameleon field theories in which large deviations from Newton's law can be avoided. Here we present the predictions for the dichroism and the birefringence induced in the vacuum by a magnetic field in these models. We show that chameleon particles behave very differently from standard axion-like particles (ALPs). We find that, unlike ALPs, the chameleon particles are confined within the experimental set-up. As a consequence, the birefringence is always bigger than the dichroism in PVLAS-type experiments.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures. New paragraph and two extra plots with the predictions for Chameleon models within the BRFT experimental setup. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Effects of Lepton Flavour Violation on Chargino Production at the Linear Collider
Creators: name: Hohenwarter-Sodek, Karl
name: Kernreiter, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of lepton flavour violation (LFV) on the production processes e+e- --> χ+_i χ-_j at a linear collider with longitudinal e+ and e- beam polarizations. In the case of LFV the sneutrino mass eigenstates have no definite flavour, therefore, in the t-channel more than one sneutrino mass eigenstate can contribute to the chargino production cross sections. Our framework is the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) including LFV terms. We show that in spite of the restrictions on the LFV parameters due to the current limits on rare lepton decays, the cross section σ(e+e- --> χ+_1 χ-_1) can change by a factor of 2 or more when varying the LFV mixing angles. We point out that even if the present bound on BR(tau- --> e- gamma) improves by a factor of thousand the influence of LFV on the chargino production cross section can be significant. These results could have an important impact on the strategies for determining the underlying model parameters at the linear collider.
description: 11pp; final version for JHEP
Geographies of the lower Skeena, 1830-1920
Creators: name: Clayton, Daniel Wright
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study generates a number of geographical ideas and methods for analysing north coastal British Columbia, attempting to show how and why historical geography is a valuable mode of inquiry. During the nineteenth century the human geography of the lower Skeena region was altered by three influential institutions: the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), the Christian Church, and the government. Three settlements were created, within easy access of one another by water. The HBC established a fur trade post (Fort Simpson), the Anglican Church created a missionary site (Metlakatla), and government laws and officials regulated a salmon canning town (Port Essington). All three settlements brought the Coast Tsimshian into sustained contact with 'whites'; HBC traders, missionaries, and government officers had important impacts on aboriginal economies and societies. These institutions comprised a discursive triad that rotated around commercial monopoly, evangelical-humanitarianism, and property-contract laws. However, the three settlements did not simply reflect these institutions, but in part they constituted their underpinning discourses. Port Essington, the most complex of these settlements, was established in 1871 as a trade settlement, but from the 1880s its economy was dominated by the salmon canning industry. Two canneries were built in the town 1883; another in 1899. From the 1880s until the 1920s, Port Essington was the canning centre of the lower Skeena, and was the chief port and commercial centre in the region. Until the 1890s, Victoria merchants extended credit to Port Essington's canners and traders. But by 1902, the town's three canneries were owned and run by Vancouver-based companies. Port Essington's canneries produced for an international salmon market and were implicated in international circuits of financial and industrial capital. The canneries brought Chinese, Japanese, 'whites', and Coast Tsimshian to Port Essington, giving the town the largest and most diverse population in the region. Port Essington harboured many forms of cultural expression. From 1893, provincial police constables monitored social relations within and between these cultural groups, and collected taxes. It is claimed that Port Essington's changing economic, cultural, and political make-up characterise the making of modern British Columbia.
Additional file 3 of Gene expression kinetics of Exaiptasia pallida innate immune response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection
Creators: name: Seneca, François
name: Davtian, David
name: Boyer, Laurent
name: Czerucka, Dorota
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3 : Supplementary Figure 2.
3DSAM-adapter: Holistic adaptation of SAM from 2D to 3D for promptable tumor segmentation
Creators: name: Gong, Shizhan
name: Zhong, Yuan
name: Ma, Wenao
name: Li, Jinpeng
name: Wang, Zhao
name: Zhang, Jingyang
name: Heng, Pheng-Ann
name: Dou, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite that the segment anything model (SAM) achieved impressive results on general-purpose semantic segmentation with strong generalization ability on daily images, its demonstrated performance on medical image segmentation is less precise and not stable, especially when dealing with tumor segmentation tasks that involve objects of small sizes, irregular shapes, and low contrast. Notably, the original SAM architecture is designed for 2D natural images, therefore would not be able to extract the 3D spatial information from volumetric medical data effectively. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptation method for transferring SAM from 2D to 3D for promptable medical image segmentation. Through a holistically designed scheme for architecture modification, we transfer the SAM to support volumetric inputs while retaining the majority of its pre-trained parameters for reuse. The fine-tuning process is conducted in a parameter-efficient manner, wherein most of the pre-trained parameters remain frozen, and only a few lightweight spatial adapters are introduced and tuned. Regardless of the domain gap between natural and medical data and the disparity in the spatial arrangement between 2D and 3D, the transformer trained on natural images can effectively capture the spatial patterns present in volumetric medical images with only lightweight adaptations. We conduct experiments on four open-source tumor segmentation datasets, and with a single click prompt, our model can outperform domain state-of-the-art medical image segmentation models on 3 out of 4 tasks, specifically by 8.25%, 29.87%, and 10.11% for kidney tumor, pancreas tumor, colon cancer segmentation, and achieve similar performance for liver tumor segmentation. We also compare our adaptation method with existing popular adapters, and observed significant performance improvement on most datasets.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables
Additional file 3 of Uterine transcriptome analysis reveals mRNA expression changes associated with the ultrastructure differences of eggshell in young and aged laying hens
Creators: name: Feng, Jia
name: Zhang, Hai-jun
name: Wu, Shu-geng
name: Qi, Guang-hai
name: Wang, Jing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Cluster of Orthologous Genes (COG) classification of differentially expressed genes of uterus in aged hen group (72 wk. of age) relative to young hen group (42 wk. of age).
A multiphase-field model for simulating the hydrogen-induced multi-spot corrosion on the surface of polycrystalline metals: Application to uranium metal
Creators: name: Sheng, Jie
name: Liu, Yu
name: Shi, Xiao-Ming
name: Wang, Yue-Chao
name: Chen, Zi-Hang
name: Xu, Ke
name: Wu, Shuai
name: Huang, Hou-Bing
name: Sun, Bo
name: Liu, Hai-Feng
name: Song, Hai-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogen-induced multi-spot corrosion on the surface of polycrystalline rare metals is a complex process, which involves the interactions between phases (metal, hydride and oxide), grain orientations, grain boundaries, and corrosion spots. To accurately simulate this process and comprehend the underlying physics, a theoretical method is required that includes the following mechanisms: i) hydrogen diffusion, ii) phase transformation, iii) elastic interactions between phases, especially, the interactions between the oxide film and the hydride, iv) elastic interactions between grains, and v) interactions between hydrogen solutes and grain boundaries. In this study, we report a multiphase-field model that incorporates all these requirements, and conduct a comprehensive study of hydrogen-induced spot corrosion on the uranium metal surface, including the investigation of the oxide film, multi-spot corrosion, grain orientation, and grain boundary in the monocrystal, bicrystal, and polycrystal systems. The results indicate that the oxide film can inhibit the growth of hydrides and plays a crucial role in determining the correct morphology of the hydride at the triple junction of phases. The elastic interaction between multiple corrosion spots causes the merging of corrosion spots and promotes the growth of hydrides. The introduction of grain orientations and grain boundaries results in a variety of intriguing intracrystalline and intergranular hydride morphologies. The model presented here is generally applicable to the hydrogen-induced multi-spot corrosion on any rare metal surface.
description: 22 pages (text), 16 figures (text), 2 tables (text), 9 pages (SI), 13 figures (SI)
Shedding light on dark matter with recent muon $(g-2)$ and Higgs exotic decay measurements
Creators: name: Lu, Chih-Ting
name: Ramos, Raymundo
name: Tsai, Yue-Lin Sming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, we have witnessed two hints of physics beyond the standard model: A 3.3$σ$ local excess ($M_{A_0} = 52$ GeV) in the search for $H_0\to A_0 A_0\to b\bar{b}μ^{+}μ^{-}$ and a 4.2$σ$ deviation from the SM prediction in the $(g-2)_μ$ measurement. The first excess was found by the ATLAS Collaboration using 139 fb$^{-1}$ data at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. The second deviation is a combination of the results from the Brookhaven E821 and the recently reported Fermilab E989 experiment. We attempt to explain these deviations in terms of a renormalizable simplified dark matter model. Inspired by the null signal result from dark matter (DM) direct detection, we interpret the possible new particle, $A_0$, as a pseudoscalar mediator connecting DM and the standard model. On the other hand, a new vector-like muon lepton can explain these two excesses at the same time while contributiong to the DM phenomenology.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures. Recasting of SR5L added and figures updated accordingly. More references added. v3: Matches published version
Determination of the mass of the neutron star in SMC X-1, LMC X-4 and Cen X-3 with VLT/UVES
Creators: name: van der Meer, A.
name: Kaper, L.
name: van Kerkwijk, M. H.
name: Heemskerk, M. H. M.
name: Heuvel, E. P. J. van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a spectroscopic monitoring campaign of the OB-star companions to the eclipsing X-ray pulsars SMC X-1, LMC X-4 and Cen X-3. High-resolution optical spectra obtained with UVES on the ESO Very Large Telescope are used to determine the radial-velocity orbit of the OB (super)giants with high precision. The excellent quality of the spectra provides the opportunity to measure the radial-velocity curve based on individual lines, and to study the effect of possible distortions of the line profiles due to e.g. X-ray heating on the derived radial-velocity amplitude. Several spectral lines show intrinsic variations with orbital phase. The magnitude of these variations depends on line strength, and thus provides a criterion to select lines that do not suffer from distortions. The undistorted lines show a larger radial-velocity amplitude than the distorted lines, consistent with model predictions. Application of our line-selection criteria results in a mean radial-velocity amplitude K(Opt) of 20.2 +/- 1.1, 35.1 +/- 1.5, and 27.5 +/- 2.3 km/s (1 sigma errors), for the OB companion to SMC X-1, LMC X-4 and Cen X-3, respectively. Adding information on the projected rotational velocity of the OB companion (derived from our spectra), the duration of X-ray eclipse and orbital parameters of the X-ray pulsar (obtained from literature), we arrive at a neutron star mass of 1.06^{+0.11}_{-0.10}, 1.25^{+0.11}_{-0.10} and 1.34^{+0.16}_{-0.14} M{sun} for SMC X-1, LMC X-4 and Cen X-3, respectively. The mass of SMC X-1 is near the minimum mass (~1 M{sun}) expected for a neutron star produced in a supernova. We discuss the implications of the measured mass distribution on the neutron-star formation mechanism, in relation to the evolutionary history of the massive binaries.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics