cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cissidium subangulatum Darby 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Darby, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Ptiliidae
Cissidium
Cissidium subangulatum

description: Cissidium subangulatum sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ED371CB6-DA3D-4967-B89B-96B19C80A15E
Fig. 105
Etymology
Johnson ms name.
Material examined
Holotype PANAMA • ♀; W of Finca Palo Santo, nr Nueva California, Chirique Prov.; 9 Mar. 1959; Berlese floor litter in damp ravine; 4900 ft a.s.l.; H.S. Dybas leg.; FMNH.
Description
SIZE. Habitus (Fig. 105A), length 0.64 mm.
COLOUR. Dark brown, pubescence, legs and antennae brown.
HEAD. With a shallow foveolate linear depression behind the eyes, width across eyes 0.17 mm; mentum as Fig. 4A; antennomeres III–XI, length 0.29 mm, III–IX length 0.13 mm, X–XI length 0.16 mm. [one antenna missing].
PRONOTUM. 0.17 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, pubescent without either foveolae or foveae; lateral margins sharply angled, strongly rounded to anterior angles, concave to acute posterior angles, strongly bordered, the border not continuing along the posterior margin, posterior medial emargination opposite the scutellum clearly marked (Fig. 105B).
ELYTRA. 0.41 mm long, 0.34 mm wide, pubescent as pronotum.
MESOVENTRITE. Medial extension of collar onto the mid-keel tapering then parallel-sided terminating in a fringe of setae which fan out across the mid-keel; mid-keel with concave sides, the anterior margin slightly wider than the posterior, hind angles rounded stopping well short of the mesocoxal anterior borders and marked by some shallow radiating depressions in the mesoventrite; keel, long, narrow, parallel-sided and with ± fourteen setae terminating close to base of mesocoxae; mesoventral lateral margins sinuous then effaced before joining mesocoxae, without serrations; humeri toothed (Fig. 105C).
METAVENTRITE. Sparsely pubescent, length 0.13 mm, disc simple, width across spines 0.12 mm; posterior margin of mesocoxae not serrate.
WINGS. Macropterous.
GENITALIA. Female spermatheca globular. Males not known.
Remarks
The only species of Cissidium from Panama in this category.
description: Published as part of Darby, Michael, 2020, A revision of Cissidium Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) with seventy seven new species, pp. 1-188 in European Journal of Taxonomy 622 on pages 166-168, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.622, http://zenodo.org/record/3777282
Learning annotated hierarchies from relational data
Creators: name: Roy, Daniel M.
name: Kemp, Charles
name: Vikash  Mansinghka
name: Tenenbaum, Joshua B.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The objects in many real-world domains can be organized into hierarchies, where each internal node picks out a category of objects. Given a collection of features and relations defined over a set of objects, an annotated hierarchy includes a specification of the categories that are most useful for describing each individual feature and relation. We define a generative model for annotated hierarchies and the features and relations that they describe, and develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme for learning annotated hierarchies. We show that our model discovers interpretable structure in several real-world data set s
Black Hole - Never Forms, or Never Evaporates
Creators: name: Yi, Sun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many discussion about the black hole conundrums, such as singularity and information loss, suggested that there must be some essential irreconcilable conflict between quantum theory and classical gravity theory, which cannot be solved with any semiclassical quantized model of gravity, the only feasible way must be some complete unified quantum theory of gravity. In \cite{Vachaspati2007a}, the arguments indicate the possibility of an alternate outcome of gravitational collapse which avoids the information loss problem. In this paper, also with semiclassical analysis, it shows that so long as the mechanism of black hole evaporation satisfies a quite loose condition that the evaporation lifespan is finite for external observers, regardless of the detailed mechanism and process of evaporation, the conundrums above can be naturally avoided. This condition can be satisfied with Hawking-Unruh mechanism. Thus, the conflict between quantum theory and classical gravity theory may be not as serious as it seemed to be, the effectiveness of semiclassical methods might be underestimated. An exact universal solution with spherical symmetry of Einstein field equation has been derived in this paper. All possible solutions with spherical symmetry of Einstein field equation are its special cases. In addition, some problems of the Penrose diagram of an evaporating black hole first introduced by Hawking in 1975 \cite{Hawking1975} are clarified.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures. Compared to the published version in JCAP, some minimal typeset error has been corrected
Distribution of Magnetic Dipole Strength -Binning
Creators: name: Kingan, Arun
name: Ma, Mingyang
name: Zamick, Larry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In previous works we examined the systematics of magnetic dipole transitions in a single j shell. We here extend the study to large space calculations. We consider Ti and Cr isotopes.. In this work we focus on the B(M1) strength as a function of excitation of energy. The initial state is the lowest J= state. T=1 state in a specified nucleus. The final states are J=0 T=2 , all in one plot, and J=2 T=2 in another. The initial figures have points all over the map although there is a suggestion of an exponential trend. To reduce clutter we perform binning operations in which the summed strength in a given energy interval is represented by a single point. The new binning curves show more clearly the exponential fall of B(M1)'s with energy.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1707.00266
Measuring closeness between Cayley automatic groups and automatic groups
Creators: name: Berdinsky, Dmitry
name: Trakuldit, Phongpitak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we introduce a way to estimate a level of closeness of Cayley automatic groups to the class of automatic groups using a certain numerical characteristic. We characterize Cayley automatic groups which are not automatic in terms of this numerical characteristic and then study it for the lamplighter group, the Baumslag--Solitar groups and the Heisenberg group.
description: 14 pages; minor corrections
Uniqueness results for ill posed characteristic problems in curved space-times
Creators: name: Ionescu, Alexandru D.
name: Klainerman, Sergiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove two uniqueness theorems for solutions of linear and nonlinear wave equations; the first theorem is in the Minkowski space while the second is in the domain of outer communication of a Kerr black hole. Both theorems concern ill posed Cauchy problems on smooth, bifurcate, characteristic hypersurfaces. In the case of the Kerr space-time this hypersurface is the event horizon of the black hole.
description: Various corrections
Learning and using relational theories
Creators: name: Kemp, Charles
name: Goodman, Noah D.
name: Tenenbaum, Joshua B.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Much of human knowledge is organized into sophisticated systems that are often called intuitive theories. We propose that intuitive theories are mentally represented in a logical language, and that the subjective complexity of a theory is determined by the length of its representation in this language. This complexity measure helps to explain how theories are learned from relational data, and how they support inductive inferences about unobserved relations. We describe two experiments that test our approach, and show that it provide s a better account of human learning and reasoning than an approach developed by Goodman [1]
SSTRED: Data- and metadata-processing pipeline for CHROMIS and CRISP
Creators: name: Löfdahl, M. G.
name: Hillberg, T.
name: Rodriguez, J. de la Cruz
name: Vissers, G.
name: Andriienko, O.
name: Scharmer, G. B.
name: Haugan, S. V. H.
name: Fredvik, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Data from ground-based, high-resolution solar telescopes can only be used for science with calibrations and processing, which requires detailed knowledge about the instrumentation. [...] Aims: We aim to provide observers with a user-friendly data pipeline for data from the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope (SST) that delivers science-ready data together with the metadata needed for proper interpretation and archiving. Methods: We briefly describe the [instrumentation]. We summarize the processing steps from raw data to science-ready data cubes in FITS files. We report calibrations and compensations for data imperfections in detail. Misalignment of \ion{Ca}{ii} data due to wavelength-dependent dispersion is identified, characterized, and compensated for. We describe intensity calibrations that remove or reduce the effects of filter transmission profiles as well as solar elevation changes. We present REDUX, a new version of the MOMFBD image restoration code, with multiple enhancements and new features. [...] We describe how image restoration is used [...]. The science-ready output is delivered in FITS files, with metadata compliant with the SOLARNET recommendations. Data cube coordinates are specified within the World Coordinate System (WCS). Cavity errors are specified as distortions of the WCS wavelength coordinate with an extension of existing WCS notation. We establish notation for specifying the reference system for Stokes vectors [...]. [CRISPEX] has been extended to accept SSTRED output [...]. Results: SSTRED is a mature data-processing pipeline for imaging instruments, developed and used for the SST/CHROMIS imaging spectrometer and the SST/CRISP spectropolarimeter. SSTRED delivers well-characterized, science-ready, archival-quality FITS files with well-defined metadata. The SSTRED code, as well as REDUX and CRISPEX, is freely available through git repositories.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Learning and generalization in haptic classification of 2-D raised-line drawings of facial expressions of emotion by sighted and adventitiously blind observers.
Creators: name: Abramowicz, Aneta
name: Klatzky, Roberta
name: Lederman, Susan J.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Sighted blindfolded individuals can successfully classify basic facial expressions of emotion (FEEs) by manually exploring simple 2-D raised-line drawings (Lederman et al 2008, IEEE Transactions on Haptics 1 27-38). The effect of training on classification accuracy was assessed by sixty sighted blindfolded participants (experiment 1) and by three adventitiously blind participants (experiment 2). We further investigated whether the underlying learning process(es) constituted token-specific learning and/or generalization. A hybrid learning paradigm comprising pre/post and old/new test comparisons was used. For both participant groups, classification accuracy for old (ie trained) drawings markedly increased over study trials (mean improvement --76%, and 88%, respectively). Additionally, RT decreased by a mean of 30% for the sighted, and 31% for the adventitiously blind. Learning was mostly token-specific, but some generalization was also observed for both groups. The sighted classified novel drawings of all six FEEs faster with training (mean RT decrease = 20%). Accuracy also improved significantly (mean improvement = 20%), but this improvement was restricted to two FEEs (anger and sadness). Two of three adventitiously blind participants classified new drawings more accurately (mean improvement = 30%); however, RTs for this group did not reflect generalization. Based on a limited number of blind subjects, our results tentatively suggest that adventitiously blind individuals learn to haptically classify FEEs as well as, or even better than, sighted persons.
Learning and applying contextual constraints in sentence comprehension
Creators: name: John, Mark St.
name: McClelland, James L.
name: Artificial Intelligence And Psychology Project.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Abstract: "A parallel distributed processing model is described that learns to comprehend single clause sentences. Specifically, it assigns thematic roles to sentence constituents, disambiguates ambiguous words, instantiates vague words, and elaborates implied roles. The sentences are pre-segmented into constituent phrases. Each constituent is processed in turn to update an evolving representation of the event described by the sentence. The model uses the information derived from each constituent to revise its on-going interpretation of the sentence and to anticipate additional constituents. The network learns to perform these tasks through practice on processing example sentence/event pairs.The learning procedure allows the model to take a long-range statistical approach to solving the bootstrapping problem of learning the syntax and semantics of a language from the same data. The model performs very well on the corpus of sentences on which it was trained, but learns slowly."
The resource theory of quantum reference frames: manipulations and monotones
Creators: name: Gour, Gilad
name: Spekkens, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Every restriction on quantum operations defines a resource theory, determining how quantum states that cannot be prepared under the restriction may be manipulated and used to circumvent the restriction. A superselection rule is a restriction that arises through the lack of a classical reference frame and the states that circumvent it (the resource) are quantum reference frames. We consider the resource theories that arise from three types of superselection rule, associated respectively with lacking: (i) a phase reference, (ii) a frame for chirality, and (iii) a frame for spatial orientation. Focussing on pure unipartite quantum states (and in some cases restricting our attention even further to subsets of these), we explore single-copy and asymptotic manipulations. In particular, we identify the necessary and sufficient conditions for a deterministic transformation between two resource states to be possible and, when these conditions are not met, the maximum probability with which the transformation can be achieved. We also determine when a particular transformation can be achieved reversibly in the limit of arbitrarily many copies and find the maximum rate of conversion. A comparison of the three resource theories demonstrates that the extent to which resources can be interconverted decreases as the strength of the restriction increases. Along the way, we introduce several measures of frameness and prove that these are monotonically nonincreasing under various classes of operations that are permitted by the superselection rule.
description: 37 pages, 4 figures, Published Version
Learning about learning
Creators: name: Siegler, Robert
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The field of children's learning was thriving when the Merrill-Palmer Quarterly was launched; the field later went into eclipse and now is in the midst of a resurgence. This commentary examines reasons for these trends, and describes the emerging field of children's learning. In particular, the new field is seen as differing from the old in its emphases on variability, choice, and change as central aspects of children's functioning and in its reliance on high-density sampling of learning, of the type provided by microgenetic methods. Examples of learning in content areas ranging from motor development to problem solving to attention, and with age groups ranging from infants to adults, are used to illustrate the insights that this new field is yielding.
Protein Recommendation to Increase Muscle (PRIMe): Study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial investigating the feasibility of a high protein diet to halt loss of muscle mass in patients with colorectal cancer
Creators: Ford, Katherine L.
Sawyer, Michael B.
Trottier, Claire F.
Ghosh, Sunita
Deutz, Nicolaas E. P.
Siervo, Mario
Porter Starr, Kathryn N.
Bales, Connie W.
Disi,  Ilana Roitman
Prado, Carla M.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2021

Background

Severe muscle mass (MM) loss is a defining feature of cancer observed across all types and stages of disease and is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcomes including higher incidences of chemotherapy toxicity and decreased survival. Protein is essential to build MM, yet the optimal amount for preventing or treating muscle loss in patients with cancer remains undefined.

Methods

The Protein Recommendation to Increase Muscle (PRIMe) study is a single-center, two-armed, parallel, randomized, controlled pilot trial that assesses the feasibility of utilizing a high protein (HP) diet to positively impact clinical outcomes in people undergoing chemotherapy to treat colorectal cancer. Forty patients with newly diagnosed stage II-IV colorectal cancer who are scheduled to receive chemotherapy will be included. Participants are randomly assigned to a HP or normal protein (NP) diet for twelve weeks. The HP and NP groups receive nutrition recommendations to achieve 2.0 g of protein per kilogram of body weight per day (g∙kg−1∙d−1) and 1.0 g⋅kg−1⋅d−1, respectively. These values refer to the upper and lower recommended range of protein intake for people with cancer. Energy recommendations are based on measured energy expenditure. Assessments are completed within two weeks of starting chemotherapy (baseline), at week 6, and at week 12. Changes to skeletal MM, physical function, anthropometrics, body composition, muscle strength, physical activity, energy metabolism, metabolic markers, nutritional status, quality of life, readiness to change and psychosocial determinants of behavioural change are assessed between the HP and NP groups. Feasibility of the nutritional intervention is assessed by change in MM as a surrogate marker.

Conclusions

This evidence-based study investigates the feasibility of increasing protein intake following a diagnosis of cancer on clinical outcomes during treatment for colorectal cancer. This study will inform larger trials assessing the impact of increasing protein intake in cancer to determine their importance and integration into standard clinical care for people with cancer.
A nonlinear Schrödinger equation for gravity-capillary water waves on arbitrary depth with constant vorticity: Part I
Creators: name: Hsu, H. -C.
name: Kharif, C.
name: Abid, M.
name: Chen, Y. -Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nonlinear Schrödinger equation for the envelope of two-dimensional gravity-capillary waves propagating at the free surface of a vertically sheared current of constant vorticity is derived. In this paper we extend to gravity-capillary wave trains the results of \citet{thomas2012pof} and complete the stability analysis and stability diagram of \citet{Djordjevic1977} in the presence of vorticity. Vorticity effect on the modulational instability of weakly nonlinear gravity-capillary wave packets is investigated. It is shown that the vorticity modifies significantly the modulational instability of gravity-capillary wave trains, namely the growth rate and instability bandwidth. It is found that the rate of growth of modulational instability of short gravity waves influenced by surface tension behaves like pure gravity waves: (i) in infinite depth, the growth rate is reduced in the presence of positive vorticity and amplified in the presence of negative vorticity, (ii) in finite depth, it is reduced when the vorticity is positive and amplified and finally reduced when the vorticity is negative. The combined effect of vorticity and surface tension is to increase the rate of growth of modulational instability of short gravity waves influenced by surface tension, namely when the vorticity is negative. The rate of growth of modulational instability of capillary waves is amplified by negative vorticity and attenuated by positive vorticity. Stability diagrams are plotted and it is shown that they are significantly modified by the introduction of the vorticity.
Microvessel rupture induced by high-intensity therapeutic ultrasound—a study of parameter sensitivity in a simple in vivo model
Creators: name: Kim, Yeonho
name: Nabili, Marjan
name: Acharya, Priyanka
name: Lopez, Asis
name: Myers, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2017
Subjects: Vessel rupture
Therapeutic ultrasound
Transcranial ultrasound
High-intensity focused ultrasound

description: Safety analyses of transcranial therapeutic ultrasound procedures require knowledge of the dependence of the rupture probability and rupture time upon sonication parameters. As previous vessel-rupture studies have concentrated on a specific set of exposure conditions, there is a need for more comprehensive parametric studies. Probability of rupture and rupture times were measured by exposing the large blood vessel of a live earthworm to high-intensity focused ultrasound pulse trains of various characteristics. Pressures generated by the ultrasound transducers were estimated through numerical solutions to the KZK (Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov) equation. Three ultrasound frequencies (1.1, 2.5, and 3.3 MHz) were considered, as were three pulse repetition frequencies (1, 3, and 10 Hz), and two duty factors (0.0001, 0.001). The pressures produced ranged from 4 to 18 MPa. Exposures of up to 10 min in duration were employed. Trials were repeated an average of 11 times. No trends as a function of pulse repetition rate were identifiable, for either probability of rupture or rupture time. Rupture time was found to be a strong function of duty factor at the lower pressures; at 1.1 MHz the rupture time was an order of magnitude lower for the 0.001 duty factor than the 0.0001. At moderate pressures, the difference between the duty factors was less, and there was essentially no difference between duty factors at the highest pressure. Probability of rupture was not found to be a strong function of duty factor. Rupture thresholds were about 4 MPa for the 1.1 MHz frequency, 7 MPa at 3.3 MHz, and 11 MPa for the 2.5 MHz, though the pressure value at 2.5 MHz frequency will likely be reduced when steep-angle corrections are accounted for in the KZK model used to estimate pressures. Mechanical index provided a better collapse of the data (less separation of the curves pertaining to the different frequencies) than peak negative pressure, for both probability of rupture and rupture time. The results provide a database with which investigations in more complex animal models can be compared, potentially establishing trends by which bioeffects in human vessels can be estimated.
Large-Scale Modeling of Wordform Learning and Representation.
Creators: name: Sibley, Daragh E.
name: Kello, Christopher T.
name: Plaut, David
name: Elman, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The forms of words as they appear in text and speech are central to theories and models of lexical processing. Nonetheless, current methods for simulating their learning and representation fail to approach the scale and heterogeneity of real wordform lexicons. A connectionist architecture termed the sequence encoder is used to learn nearly 75,000 wordform representations through exposure to strings of stress-marked phonemes or letters. First, the mechanisms and efficacy of the sequence encoder are demonstrated and shown to overcome problems with traditional slot-based codes. Then, two large-scale simulations are reported that learned to represent lexicons of either phonological or orthographic word-forms. In doing so, the models learned the statistics of their lexicons as shown by better processing of well-formed pseudowords as opposed to ill-formed (scrambled) pseudowords, and by accounting for variance in well-formedness ratings. It is discussed how the sequence encoder may be integrated into broader models of lexical processing.
Entanglement of group-II-like atoms with fast measurement for quantum information processing
Creators: name: Stock, R.
name: Babcock, N. S.
name: Raizen, M. G.
name: Sanders, B. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a scheme for the preparation, pairwise entanglement via exchange interaction, manipulation, and measurement of individual group-II-like neutral atoms (Yb, Sr, etc.). Group-II-like atoms proffer important advantages over alkali metals, including long-lived optical-transition qubits that enable fast manipulation and measurement. Our scheme provides a promising approach for producing weighted graph states, entangled resources for quantum communication, and possible application to fundamental tests of Bell inequalities that close both detection and locality loopholes.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; final version
Photon Gas Thermodynamics in Doubly Special Relativity
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyu
name: Shao, Lijing
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doubly special relativity (DSR), with both an invariant velocity and an invariant length scale, elegantly preserves the principle of relativity between moving observers, and appears as a promising candidate of the quantum theory of gravity. We study the modifications of photon gas thermodynamics in the framework of DSR with an invariant length $|λ|$, after properly taking into account the effects of modified dispersion relation, upper bounded energy-momentum space, and deformed integration measure. We show that with a positive $λ$, the grand partition function, the energy density, the specific heat, the entropy, and the pressure are smaller than those of special relativity (SR), while the velocity of photons and the ratio of pressure to energy are larger. In contrast, with a negative $λ$, the quantum gravity effects show up in the opposite direction. However, these effects only manifest themselves significantly when the temperature is larger than $10^{-3} E_{\rm P}$. Thus, DSR can have considerable influence on the early universe in cosmological study.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, final version for publication in APP
Softly broken $μ\leftrightarrowτ$ symmetry in the minimal see-saw model
Creators: name: Gómez-Izquierdo, Juan Carlos
name: Pérez-Lorenzana, Abdel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino oscillations data indicates that neutrino mixings are consistent with an apparent $ν_μ- ν_τ$ exchange symmetry in neutrino mass matrix. We observe that in the mininimally extended standard model with the see-saw mechanism, one can impose $μ\leftrightarrowτ$ symmetry at the tree level on all Lagrangian terms, but for the mass difference among $μ$ and $τ$ leptons. In the absence of any new extra physics, this mass difference becomes the only source for the breaking of such a symmetry, which induces, via radiative corrections, small but predictable values for $θ_{13}$, and for the deviation of $θ_{ATM}$ from maximallity. In the CP conserving case, the predictions only depend on neutrino mass hierarchy and may provide a unique way to test for new physics with neutrino experiments.
description: Typos corrected. References and short discussions added. Final version, 6 pages, 2 figures
Cissidium tigrum Darby 2015
Creators: name: Darby, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Ptiliidae
Cissidium
Cissidium tigrum

description: Cissidium tigrum Darby, 2015
Figs 2I, 4B, 5D, 6I, 106
Material examined
Holotype BOLIVIA • ♂; cochabamba Dep., Cristal Mayu River valley ca 20 km W of Villa Tunari; 17°00′55″ S, 65°37′48″ W; 550 m a.s.l.; 24 Nov. 2013; sifting litter; Winkler app. extr.; P. Baňař leg.; UASC.
Paratype BOLIVIA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; MMUC.
Supplementary description
The following description amplifies the type description of Darby (2015), by adding more details of the meso- and metaventral characters, in order to conform with the entries in the present paper.
SIZE. Habitus (Fig. 106A), length 0.63 mm.
COLOUR. Colour light brown, antennae and legs dusky yellow.
HEAD. Antennomeres III–XI 0.38 mm long, III–IX 17 mm long, X–XI 21 mm long (Fig. 2I); distance across eyes 0.21 mm; mentum and submentum (Fig. 4B).
PRONOTUM. 0.25 mm wide, 0.16 mm long, sparsely pubescent; sharply angled in anterior half then concave to rectangular hind corners and slightly convex to obtuse anterior corners, bordered, the border not continuing along the posterior margin, emargination in front of scutellum well marked (Fig. 106B).
ELYTRA. 0.39 mm long, 0.32 mm wide, area around scutellum more closely foveolate.
MESOVENTRITE. Medial extension of collar small, short, parallel-sided; mid-collar widest basally tapering strongly to base of keel with two small medial points not reaching mesocoxal anterior borders as carinae; keel parallel-sided with ± three setae, bluntly terminating between the mesocoxae (Fig. 5D); mesoventral lateral margins effaced; humeri large, toothed with a long, strongly sloping posterior margin (Fig. 106C).
METAVENTRITE. Length 0.13 mm, disc simple, width across spines 0.10 mm, spines short.
Remarks
Distinguished from all other species of Cissidium in this paper by the shape of the male antennomere XI (Fig. 2I).
description: Published as part of Darby, Michael, 2020, A revision of Cissidium Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) with seventy seven new species, pp. 1-188 in European Journal of Taxonomy 622 on pages 168-169, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.622, http://zenodo.org/record/3777282
Language-Specific Prediction in Foreign Language Learning
Creators: name: Macwhinney, Brian
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Language educators have often suggested that some students may be relatively better at certain types of languages. However, the ways in which target language structures interact with individual differences in language learners has never been seriously investigated. If there are such interactions, we would expect to find certain learning patterns in which our normal expectations for language learning outcomes are reversed. This paper reviews a variety of factors that might lead us to expect such reversals. Psychological and neurological evidence points towards a wide variety of individual differences in language learning mechanisms. Crosslinguistic psy cholinguistic analysis indicates that different target languages offer a wide variety of learning challenges. On the level of orthography, languages with huge inventories of non-Roman characters and symbols offer the greatest challenge. In phonology, all languages require a remapping from L1 struc tures. Lexical learning is most challenging for languages with few cognates to L1. Learners with strong access to the phonological rehearsal loop may be most successful for those languages. In the areas of syntax and morphology, some languages tend to favour learners who establish systematic structural paradigms, whereas other languages may be more easily learned through rote learning processes.
Languages Support Efficient Communication about the Environment: Words for Snow Revisited.
Creators: name: Regier, Terry
name: Carstensen, Alexandra
name: Kemp, Charles
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The claim that Eskimo languages have words for different types of snow is well-known among the public, but has been greatly exaggerated through popularization and is therefore viewed with skepticism by many scholars of language. Despite the prominence of this claim, to our knowledge the line of reasoning behind it has not been tested broadly across languages. Here, we note that this reasoning is a special case of the more general view that language is shaped by the need for efficient communication, and we empirically test a variant of it against multiple sources of data, including library reference works, Twitter, and large digital collections of linguistic and meteorological data. Consistent with the hypothesis of efficient communication, we find that languages that use the same linguistic form for snow and ice tend to be spoken in warmer climates, and that this association appears to be mediated by lower communicative need to talk about snow and ice. Our results confirm that variation in semantic categories across languages may be traceable in part to local communicative needs. They suggest moreover that despite its awkward history, the topic of "words for snow" may play a useful role as an accessible instance of the principle that language supports efficient communication.
A survey for low-mass stellar and substellar members of the Hyades open cluster
Creators: name: Melnikov, Stanislav
name: Eisloeffel, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unlike young open clusters (with ages <250 Myr), the Hyades cluster (age ~600 Myr) has a clear deficit of very low-mass stars (VLM) and brown dwarfs (BD). Since this open cluster has a low stellar density and covers several tens of square degrees on the sky, extended surveys are required to improve the statistics of the VLM/BD objects in the cluster. We search for new VLM stars and BD candidates in the Hyades to improve the present-day cluster mass function down to substellar masses. An imaging survey of the Hyades with a completeness limit of 21m.5 in the $R$ band and 20m.5 in the $I$ band was carried out with the 2kx2k CCD Schmidt camera at the 2m Alfred Jensch Telescope in Tautenburg. We performed a photometric selection of the cluster member candidates by combining results of our survey with 2MASS JHKs photometry. We present a photometric and proper motion survey covering 23.4 deg$^2$ in the Hyades cluster core region. Using optical/IR colour-magnitude diagrams, we identify 66 photometric cluster member candidates in the magnitude range 14m.7
The von Neumann-Wigner theorem in quantum dot molecules
Creators: name: Zhang, L. -X.
name: Melnikov, D. V.
name: Leburton, J. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that electrons in coupled quantum dots characterized by high aspect ratios undergo abrupt density rotations when the dots are biased into an asymmetric confinement configuration. Density rotations occur with electron transfer to a single dot, and give rise to sharp variations of the exchange coupling between electrons as a function of inter-dot detuning. Our analysis based on exact diagonalization technique indicates that this unusual behavior is in agreement with the von Neumann-Wigner theorem that dictates the variations of the energy spectrum from the symmetries of the molecular states during the detuning process. It is also shown that the overall effect is quenched by the presence of magnetic fields, which by adding angular momentum to the electron motion affects the spatial symmetry of the molecular states.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Language-induced Biases on Human Sequential Learning
Creators: name: Onnis, Luca
name: Thiessen, Erik
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: What are the effects of experience on subsequent learning? We explored the effects of language-specific word order knowledge on the acquisition of sequential conditional information. Korean and English adults were engaged in a sequence learning task involving three different sets of stimuli: auditory linguistic (nonsense syllables), visual non-linguistic (nonsense shapes), and auditory non-linguistic (pure tones). The forward and backward probabilities between adjacent elements generated two equally probable and orthogonal perceptual parses of the elements, such that any significant preference at test must be due to either general cognitive biases, or prior language-induced biases. We found that language modulated parsing preferences with the linguistic stimuli only. Intriguingly, these preferences are congruent with the dominant word order patterns of each language, as corroborated by corpus analyses. These findings suggest that mechanisms of statistical sequential learning are implicated in language, and experience with language may affect cognitive processes and later learning
Language Learning: Cues or Rules?
Creators: name: Macwhinney, Brian
name: Leinbach, Jared
name: Taraban, Roman
name: McDonald, Janet
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Child language researchers have often taken gender and case paradigms to be interesting test cases for theories of language learning. In this paper we develop a computational model of the acquisition of the gender, number, and case paradigm for the German definite article. The computational formalism used is a connectionist algorithm developed by Rumelhart, Hinton, and Williams (1986). Three models are developed. In the first two, various cues to gender studied by Köpcke and Zubin (1983, 1984) are entered by hand. In the third, the simulation is given only the raw phonological features of the stem. Despite the elimination of the hand-crafting of the units, the third model outperformed the first two in both training and generalization. All three models showed a good match to the developmental data of Mills (1986) and MacWhinney (1978). Advantages of a connectionist approach over older theories are discussed.
Assessing the potential for Salmonella growth in rehydrated dry dog food
Creators: name: Oni, Ruth A.
name: Lambertini, Elisabetta
name: Buchanan, Robert L.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2016
Subjects: Pet food
Pet owners
Rehydration
Salmonellosis
Home environment
Growth kinetics

description: A substantial percentage of dog owners add water to dry dog food to increase its palatability. The recent association of Salmonella contamination of dry pet foods with salmonellosis cases in both dogs and their owners has generated a need to determine the ability of Salmonella to grow in eight commercial brands of rehydrated dry dog food. Eight brands of commercial dry dog food were rehydrated to 20, 35 and 50% added moisture, inoculated with two S. enterica strains (~105 CFU/g) and incubated for 72 h at 18 °C, 22 °C, or 28 °C. Dog food brand, moisture content, and temperature affected pathogen growth/survival patterns. Rehydration to 20% moisture did not support growth of S. enterica, and in general there was a 0.5–2.0 Log decline. At 35% moisture and 28 °C, 4 of 8 brands supported up to 3.4 Log(CFU/g) of growth, while Salmonella levels declined in three brands, and remained unchanged in one. Rehydration to 50% moisture at 28 °C supported increases of up to 4.6 Log(CFU/g) in 5 of 8 brands. Growth kinetics determinations with two of the brands that supported growth had calculated lag times, generation times, and maximum population densities of 4.4 and 2.2 h, 1.4 and 10.8 h, and 7.3 and 6.9 Log(CFU/g) when rehydrated to 35% moisture and held at 30 °C. Results of this study establish that the rehydration of dry dog food with sufficient amounts of water may support the growth of S. enterica. Based on the most rapid observed lag times, growth of Salmonella, if present, in rehydrated dog food could be avoided by discarding or refrigerating uneaten portions within 2–3 h of rehydration. These data allow accidental or intentional rehydration of dry dog food to be factored into predictive microbiology models and exposure assessments.
Language is not just for talking: redundant labels facilitate learning of novel categories.
Creators: name: Lupyan, Gary
name: Rakison, David
name: McClelland, James L
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: In addition to having communicative functions, verbal labels may play a role in shaping concepts. Two experiments assessed whether the presence of labels affected category formation. Subjects learned to categorize "aliens" as those to be approached or those to be avoided. After accuracy feedback on each response was provided, a nonsense label was either presented or not. Providing nonsense category labels facilitated category learning even though the labels were redundant and all subjects had equivalent experience with supervised categorization of the stimuli. A follow-up study investigated differences between learning verbal and nonverbal associations and showed that learning a nonverbal association did not facilitate categorization. The findings show that labels make category distinctions more concrete and bear directly on the language-and-thought debate.
title: 01_2888
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Classical communication over a quantum interference channel
Creators: name: Fawzi, Omar
name: Hayden, Patrick
name: Savov, Ivan
name: Sen, Pranab
name: Wilde, Mark M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Calculating the capacity of interference channels is a notorious open problem in classical information theory. Such channels have two senders and two receivers, and each sender would like to communicate with a partner receiver. The capacity of such channels is known exactly in the settings of "very strong" and "strong" interference, while the Han-Kobayashi coding strategy gives the best known achievable rate region in the general case. Here, we introduce and study the quantum interference channel, a natural generalization of the interference channel to the setting of quantum information theory. We restrict ourselves for the most part to channels with two classical inputs and two quantum outputs in order to simplify the presentation of our results (though generalizations of our results to channels with quantum inputs are straightforward). We are able to determine the exact classical capacity of this channel in the settings of "very strong" and "strong" interference, by exploiting Winter's successive decoding strategy and a novel two-sender quantum simultaneous decoder, respectively. We provide a proof that a Han-Kobayashi strategy is achievable with Holevo information rates, up to a conjecture regarding the existence of a three-sender quantum simultaneous decoder. This conjecture holds for a special class of quantum multiple access channels with average output states that commute, and we discuss some other variations of the conjecture that hold. Finally, we detail a connection between the quantum interference channel and prior work on the capacity of bipartite unitary gates.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, v5: Accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Language experience changes subsequent learning.
Creators: name: Onnis, Luca
name: Thiessen, Erik
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: What are the effects of experience on subsequent learning? We explored the effects of language-specific word order knowledge on the acquisition of sequential conditional information. Korean and English adults were engaged in a sequence learning task involving three different sets of stimuli: auditory linguistic (nonsense syllables), visual non-linguistic (nonsense shapes), and auditory non-linguistic (pure tones). The forward and backward probabilities between adjacent elements generated two equally probable and orthogonal perceptual parses of the elements, such that any significant preference at test must be due to either general cognitive biases, or prior language-induced biases. We found that language modulated parsing preferences with the linguistic stimuli only. Intriguingly, these preferences are congruent with the dominant word order patterns of each language, as corroborated by corpus analyses, and are driven by probabilistic preferences. Furthermore, although the Korean individuals had received extensive formal explicit training in English and lived in an English-speaking environment, they exhibited statistical learning biases congruent with their native language. Our findings suggest that mechanisms of statistical sequential learning are implicated in language across the lifespan, and experience with language may affect cognitive processes and later learning.