cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ball-and-stick models of the nonane molecule for an alkane with nine carbon atoms
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Chemistry
subject: Crystallography
subject: 30301 Chemical Characterisation of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy
subject: 30307 Theory and Design of Materials

description: Nonane is a linear alkane hydrocarbon with nine carbon atoms. It is a colorless, flammable liquid. Nonane is also used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and fuel additive. Nonane has 35 structural isomers. Its substituent form is nonyl. Its cycloalkane counterpart is cyclononane. Nonane undergoes combustion reactions that are similar to other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, nonane burns to form water and carbon dioxide. When insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion, the burning products include carbon monoxide. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
Multiproducts by integrating mechanical wood processing and cascading of by-products
Creators: name: Partanen, Asta
name: Piltz, Gunilla
name: vom Berg, Christopher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Description of the "Multiproducts by integrating mechanical wood processing and cascading of by-products" good practice identified in the WoodCircus Project. Page 17 of the Good Practice Catalogue.
Evolution of cosmic structures in different environments in the quasispherical Szekeres model
Creators: name: Bolejko, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates evolution of cosmic structures in different environments. For this purpose the quasispherical Szekeres model is employed. The Szekeres model is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations within which it is possible to describe more than one structure. In this way investigations of the evolution of the cosmic structures presented here can be freed from such assumptions as small value of the density contrast. Also, studying the evolution of two or three structures within one framework enables us to follow the interaction between these structures and their impact on the evolution. Main findings include a conclusion that small voids surrounded by large overdensities evolve slower than large, isolated voids do. On the other hand, large voids enhance the evolution of adjacent galaxy superclusters which evolve much faster than isolated superclusters
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Fast flaring observed from XMMU J053108.3-690923 by eROSITA: a supergiant fast X-ray transient in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Maitra, C.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Vasilopoulos, G.
name: Ducci, L.
name: Dennerl, K.
name: Carpano, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supergiant fast X-ray transients (SFXTs) are a peculiar class of supergiant high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) systems characterised by extreme variability in the X-ray domain. In current models, this is mainly attributed to the clumpy nature of the stellar wind coupled with gating mechanisms involving the spin and magnetic field of the neutron star. We studied the X-ray properties of the supergiant HMXB XMMU J053108.3-690923 in the Large Magellanic Cloud to understand its nature. We performed a detailed temporal and spectral analysis of the eROSITA and XMM-Newton data of XMMU J053108.3-690923. We confirm the putative pulsations previously reported for the source with high confidence, certifying its nature as a neutron star in orbit with a supergiant companion. We identify the extremely variable nature of the source in the form of flares seen in the eROSITA light curves. The source flux exhibits a total dynamic range of more than three orders of magnitude, which confirms its nature as an SFXT, and is the first such direct evidence from a HMXB outside our Galaxy exhibiting a very high dynamic range in luminosity as well as a fast flaring behaviour. We detect changes in the hardness ratio during the flaring intervals where the hardness ratio reaches its minimum during the peak of the flare and increases steeply shortly afterwards. This is also supported by the results of the spectral analysis carried out at the peak and off-flare intervals. This scenario is consistent with the presence of dense structures in the supergiant wind of XMMU J053108.3-690923 where the clumpy medium becomes photoionised at the peak of the flare leading to a drop in the photo-electric absorption. Further, we provide an estimate of the clumpiness of the medium and the magnetic field of the neutron star assuming a spin equilibrium condition.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A on 05/11/2020
Ball-and-stick models of the decane molecule
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Chemistry
subject: Crystallography
subject: 30301 Chemical Characterisation of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy
subject: 30307 Theory and Design of Materials

description: Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with ten carbon atoms. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition. These isomers are flammable liquids. Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, and does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes. Decane undergoes combustion, just like other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to form water and carbon dioxide. With insufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is also formed. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
Origin of Weak MgII and Higher Ionization Absorption Lines in an Outflow from an Intermediate-Redshift Dwarf Satellite Galaxy
Creators: name: Fujita, Akimi
name: Misawa, Toru
name: Charlton, Jane C.
name: Meiksin, Avery
name: Mac Low, Mordecai-Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations at intermediate redshifts reveal the presence of numerous, compact, weak MgII absorbers with near to super-solar metallicities, often surrounded by more extended regions that produce CIV and/or OVI absorption in the circumgalactic medium at large impact parameters from luminous galaxies. Their origin and nature remains unclear. We hypothesize that undetected, satellite dwarf galaxies are responsible for producing some of these weak MgII absorbers. We test our hypothesis using gas dynamical simulations of galactic outflows from a dwarf satellite galaxy with a halo mass of $5\times10^{9}$ M$_{\odot}$, which could form in a larger $L^{*}$ halo at z=2, to study the gas interaction in the halo. We find that thin, filamentary, weak MgII absorbers are produced in two stages: 1) when shocked core collapse supernova (SNII) enriched gas descending in a galactic fountain gets shock compressed by upward flows driven by subsequent SNIIs and cools (phase 1), and later, 2) during an outflow driven by Type Ia supernovae that shocks and sweeps up pervasive SNII enriched gas, which then cools (phase 2). The width of the filaments and fragments are $\lesssim~100$ pc, and the smallest ones cannot be resolved at 12.8 pc resolution. The MgII absorbers in our simulations are continuously generated for >150 Myr by shocks and cooling, though each cloud survives for only ~60 Myr. Their metallicity is 10-20% solar metallicity and column density is $<10^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$. They are also surrounded by larger (0.5-1 kpc) CIV absorbers that seem to survive longer. In addition, larger-scale (>1 kpc) CIV and OVI clouds are produced in both expanding and shocked SNII enriched gas which is photoionized by the UV metagalactic radiation at intermediate redshift. Our simulation highlights the possibility of dwarf galactic outflows producing highly enriched multiphase gas.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures
Beyond Expertise and Roles: A Framework to Characterize the Stakeholders of Interpretable Machine Learning and their Needs
Creators: name: Suresh, Harini
name: Gomez, Steven R.
name: Nam, Kevin K.
name: Satyanarayan, Arvind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To ensure accountability and mitigate harm, it is critical that diverse stakeholders can interrogate black-box automated systems and find information that is understandable, relevant, and useful to them. In this paper, we eschew prior expertise- and role-based categorizations of interpretability stakeholders in favor of a more granular framework that decouples stakeholders' knowledge from their interpretability needs. We characterize stakeholders by their formal, instrumental, and personal knowledge and how it manifests in the contexts of machine learning, the data domain, and the general milieu. We additionally distill a hierarchical typology of stakeholder needs that distinguishes higher-level domain goals from lower-level interpretability tasks. In assessing the descriptive, evaluative, and generative powers of our framework, we find our more nuanced treatment of stakeholders reveals gaps and opportunities in the interpretability literature, adds precision to the design and comparison of user studies, and facilitates a more reflexive approach to conducting this research.
description: In CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '21)
Inheritance of potato processing traits in a half-diallel breeding population segregating for Columbia root-knot nematode resistance
Creators: name: Feldman, Max
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) is a destructive soil borne pest that can cause serious economic damage to potato tubers within infected, unfumigated fields. There are very few known sources of genetic resistance to root-knot nematodes and no released potato cultivars exhibit this trait. Literature indicates that nematode resistance introgressed from Solanum bulbocastanum is dominantly inherited across many genetic backgrounds. We generated a 32 family half-diallel progeny test population utilizing 3 root-knot nematode resistant clones (female) and 11 clones (male) with russet skin type (1,600 clones, between 25 – 60 clones per family). In 2023, 1,200 progeny were evaluated relative to 6 control varieties planted at high replication at the Washington State University Experiment Station in Othello, WA. A scale, RGB-D imaging conveyor, and index scoring system was used to record: total yield, the number of tubers per plant, tuber size distribution, aspect ratio, skin color, starch content, and defect severity from all samples within this trial. The distribution of phenotypic values observed from the progeny suggest that choice of parent is a highly significant factor that influences almost all traits evaluated. The phenotyping strategy utilized by our team is inexpensive, expandable, and flexible enough to be adopted by many different types of vegetable breeding programs. Data from this experiment is being used to develop potato tuber defect classification models and assess the utility of adopting genomic selection within our potato breeding program.
Supplementary methods, figures and tables from Sensory environment affects Icelandic threespine stickleback's anti-predator escape behaviour
Creators: name: Ålund, Murielle
name: Harper, Brooke
name: Kjærnested, Sigurlaug
name: Ohl, Julian E.
name: Phillips, John G.
name: Sattler, Jessica
name: Thompson, Jared
name: Varg, Javier E.
name: Wargenau, Sven
name: Boughman, Janette W.
name: Keagy, Jason
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: This document contains additional details on experimental procedures, sampling and statistical analyses, as well as three supplementary figures and tables with all parameters from the statistical models.
Spinning and tumbling of long fibers in isotropic turbulence
Creators: name: Oehmke, Theresa B.
name: Bordoloi, Ankur D.
name: Variano, Evan
name: Verhille, Gautier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simultaneously measure both spinning and tumbling components of rotation for long near-neutrally buoyant fibers in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. The lengths and diameters of the measured fibers extend to several orders of the Kolmogorov length of the surrounding turbulent flow. Our measurements show that the variance of the spinning rate follows a -4/3 power law scaling with the fiber diameter ($d$) and is always larger than the variance of the tumbling rate. This behavior surprisingly resembles that observed previously for sub-Kolmogorov fibers. The general picture that emerges from this study is that long fibers preferentially align with vortex filaments that can be as long as the integral length of turbulence. We compute the Lagrangian time scale and the distribution of both tumbling and spinning that supports this outlook. Our measurements also allow us to quantify the importance of the Coriolis term on the rotational dynamics of fibers in turbulent flows.
Chaos in Galaxies
Creators: name: Pfenniger, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After general considerations about limits of theories and models, where small changes may imply large effects, we discuss three cases in galactic astrophysics illustrating how galactic dynamics models may become insufficient when previously neglected effects are taken into account: 1) Like in 3D hydrodynamics, the non-linearity of the Poisson-Boltzmann system may imply dissipation through the growth of discontinuous solutions. 2) The relationship between the microscopic exponential sensitivity of N-body systems and the stability of mean field galaxy models. 3) The role of quantum physics in the dynamics of structure formation, considering that cosmological neutrinos are massive and semi-degenerate fermions.
description: 12 pages, invited contribution to the conference "Chaos in Astronomy", Athens, sept. 2007, eds. G. Contopoulos & P.A. Patsis
Letter from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister to Mr. [James] Goldie, October 11, 1916
Creators: name: McAllister, John Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Mr. [James] Goldie from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister, dated October 11, 1916, regarding R. A. Lambert leaving the company and his reasons for doing so.
A proposal for Heisenberg uncertainty principle and STUR for curved backgrounds: an application to white dwarf, neutron stars and black holes
Creators: name: Viaggiu, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After a critical overview of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) applied to compact objects, we propose a texture of Heisenberg uncertainty principle in curved spacetimes (CHUP). CHUP allows to write down physically motivated STUR (spacetime uncertainty relations) in a generic background for a non commutative spacetime in terms of tetrad variables. In order to study possible quantum effects for compact astrophysical objects as white dwarf, neutron stars and black holes, an expression for quantum fluctuations is outlined. As a result, contrary to GUP-based claims, we found no evidence for quantum effects concerning equilibrium equation and critical mass $M_c$ for white dwarf and neutron stars. Conversely, our expression for CHUP confirms that general relativistic effects strongly reduce the Oppenheimer-Volkoff Newtonian limit for very compact astrophysical objects as neutron stars. In particular, we found that for a degenerate relativistic Fermi gas, the maximum mass decreases for increasing compactness of the star with a minimum critical mass $M_c\simeq 0.59 M_{\odot}$ at the Buchdahl limit. Finally, we study possible non commutative effects near the event horizon of a black hole.
description: Accepted for publication in Class. Quant. Grav
Ball-and-stick models of the cyclononane molecule
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Chemistry
subject: Crystallography
subject: 30301 Chemical Characterisation of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy
subject: 30307 Theory and Design of Materials

description: Cyclononane is an alicyclic hydrocarbon consisting of a ring of nine carbon atoms. In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring (possibly with side chains), and all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single. The larger cycloalkanes, with more than 20 carbon atoms are typically called cycloparaffins. All cycloalkanes are isomers of alkenes. The cycloalkanes without side chains are classified as small (cyclopropane and cyclobutane), common (cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and cycloheptane), medium (cyclooctane through cyclotridecane), and large (all the rest). Cycloalkanes with one ring in their structure are named by prefixing the term "cyclo" to the name of linear alkane with the same number of carbon atoms in the main chain as a cycloalkane to be named has in its ring. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
Conductance and current noise of a superconductor/ferromagnet quantum point contact
Creators: name: Cottet, Audrey
name: Belzig, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the conductance and current noise of a superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) single channel Quantum Point Contact (QPC) as a function of the QPC bias voltage, using a scattering approach. We show that the Spin-Dependence of Interfacial Phase Shifts (SDIPS) acquired by electrons upon scattering by the QPC can strongly modify these signals. For a weakly transparent contact, the SDIPS induces sub-gap resonances in the conductance and differential Fano factor curves of the QPC. For high transparencies, these resonances are smoothed, but the shape of the signals remain extremely sensitive to the SDIPS. We show that noise measurements could help to gain more information on the device, e.g. in cases where the SDIPS modifies qualitatively the differential Fano factor of the QPC but not the conductance.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Constitutions Without Constitutionalism: Reflections on Afghanistan’s Failed Constitutions
Creators: name: Hashimy, Sayed Qudrat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 480406
subject: Law reform
classificationCode: 480701
subject: Administrative law
classificationCode: 480702
subject: Constitutional law
classificationCode: 489999
subject: Other law and legal studies not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 440811
subject: Political theory and political philosophy
classificationCode: 440803
subject: Comparative government and politics
classificationCode: 451820
subject: Pacific Peoples politics
classificationCode: 440807
subject: Government and politics of Asia and the Pacific
classificationCode: 480303
subject: Conflict of laws (incl. private international law)
classificationCode: 480302
subject: Comparative law
classificationCode: 480310
subject: Public international law
classificationCode: 480404
subject: Law and religion
classificationCode: 480301
subject: Asian and Pacific law
classificationCode: 480405
subject: Law and society and socio-legal research

description: The failure of the Afghan constitution is attributed to societal values incompatible with democracy, making the country appear ungovernable. The Taliban’s return has sparked debates on regime legitimacy and constitutionalisation. This process will shape Afghanistan’s approach to humanitarian and refugee law, and international aid. The 1964 Constitution was a milestone but was regarded as a failure while the 2004 Constitution, favouring democratic principles, is now illegal. Afghanistan’s challenges stem from a legitimacy crisis, limited citizen participation and parallel institutions. This article examines the successive failure of Afghan constitutions, focusing on the 1923, 1964, and 2004 ones. The study employs doctrinal legal research, employing normative approaches to evaluate relevant literature, including secondary, primary, and legal documents.
Intermittent Unsteady Propulsion with a Combined Heaving and Pitching Foil
Creators: name: Akoz, Emre
name: Mivehchi, Amin
name: Moored, Keith W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inviscid computations are presented of a self-propelled virtual body connected to a combined heaving and pitching foil that uses continuous and intermittent motions. It is determined that intermittent swimming can improve efficiency when the dimensionless heave ratio is $h^* < 0.7$ while it degrades efficiency for $h^* \geq 0.7$. This is a consequence of the physical origins of the force production for pitch-dominated ($h^* < 0.5$) and heave-dominated ($h^* > 0.5$) motions. Based on insight derived from classic unsteady thin airfoil theory, it is discovered that pitch-dominated motions are driven by added-mass-based thrust production where self-propelled efficiency is maximized for high reduced frequencies, while heave-dominated motions are driven by circulatory-based thrust production where self-propelled efficiency is maximized by low reduced frequencies. Regardless of the dimensionless heave ratio the reduced frequency is high for small amplitude motions, high Lighthill numbers, and low duty cycles and vice versa. Moreover, during intermittent swimming, the stopping vortex that is shed at the junction of the bursting and coasting phases becomes negligibly weak for $h^* < 0.5$ and small amplitude motions of $A^* = 0.4$. This study provides insight into the mechanistic trade-offs that occur when biological or bio-inspired swimmers continuously or intermittently use combined heaving and pitching hydrofoils.
title:  L’espace de la fantaisie. Prolégomènes à une approche de l’expérience analytique à partir du concept ricœurien d’identité narrative.
Creators: name: Amalric  ,  Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2021

description: Questo articolo pone la questione di sapere se in qualche misura la teoria dell’identità narrativa di Ricœur, letta alla luce della sua filosofia dell’immaginazione, sia suscettibile di rinnovare in profondità la nostra comprensione dell’esperienza analitica. Per farlo, tenta di ritracciare sinteticamente le grandi linee dell’interpretazione del Phantasieren freudiano che ci propone Ricœur, dopo l’Essai sur Freud fino agli ultimi articoli sulla psicoanalisi pubblicati in Ecrits et Conférences 1. L’articolo mostra a) come la questione dell’immaginazione produttiva sia al cuore dell’interpretazione ricœuriana della psicoanalisi; b) come essa guidi la sua critica dell’interpretazione linguistica dell’inconscio formulata da Lacan e c) come essa conduca a una lettura della fantasia freudiana in una prospettiva fortemente innovatrice di una semiotica non linguistica dell’immagine attenta alla singolarità dell’esperienza analitica e capace di proiettare una nuova chiarificazione sulla dimensione narrativa.
description: B@belonline vol. 8 Paul Ricœur: Narrative Identity Between Hermeneutics and Psychoanalysis/Paul Ricœur: L’identità narrativa tra ermeneutica e psicoanalisi
Strangeness production time and the K+/pi+ horn
Creators: name: Tomasik, Boris
name: Kolomeitsev, Evgeni E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a hadronic kinetic model which describes production of strange particles in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions in the energy domain of SPS. We test this model on description of the sharp peak in the excitation function of multiplicity ratio K+/pi+ and demonstrate that hadronic model reproduces these data rather well. The model thus must be tested on other types of data in order to verify the hypothesis that deconfinement sets in at lowest SPS energies.
description: proceedings of Hot Quarks 06
Preserving Local Television: Prioritization by Format
Creators: name: Hagan, Siobhan
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2015
Subjects: Archives
Video
Local Television
Preservation
2 inch videotape: Quad

description: Local television stations have covered and continue to cover both regional and national stories and events throughout the history of this mass communication medium and are an important part of our global cultural heritage. Efforts must be increased to save what is left of historic broadcast video before it is lost forever. Given the limited resources of archival repositories, preservation efforts should currently be focused on the oldest and most at-risk video format, 2” Quadruplex video (2” Quad). The following is a brief history of this video format and how a small, public university in a working class American city has taken steps to initiate preservation and access to its 2” Quad holdings.
Ball-and-stick models of the undecane molecule
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Chemistry
subject: Crystallography
subject: 30301 Chemical Characterisation of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy
subject: 30307 Theory and Design of Materials

description: Undecane (also known as hendecane) is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with eleven carbon atoms. Undecane may also be used as an internal standard in gas chromatography when working with other hydrocarbons. Since the boiling point of undecane is well known, it may be used as a comparison for retention times in a gas chromatograph for molecules whose structure has been freshly elucidated. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature (systematic way of naming compounds) for alkanes is based on identifying hydrocarbon chains. Unbranched, saturated hydrocarbon chains are named systematically with a Greek numerical prefix denoting the number of carbons and the suffix "-ane". Simple branched alkanes often have a common name using a prefix to distinguish them from linear alkanes, for example n-pentane, isopentane, and neopentane. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
Normal Metal-Superconductor Near-Field Thermal Diodes and Transistors
Creators: name: Moncada-Villa, E.
name: Cuevas, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years there has been a number of proposals of thermal devices operating in the near-field regime that make use of phase-transition materials. Here, we present a theoretical study of near-field thermal diodes and transistors that combine superconducting materials with normal (non-superconducting) metals. To be precise, we show that a system formed by two parallel plates made of Nb and Au can exhibit unprecedented rectification ratios very close to unity at temperatures around Nb superconducting critical temperature and for a wide range of gap size values within the near-field regime. Moreover, we also show that a superconducting Nb layer placed between Au plates can operate as a near-field thermal transistor where the amplification factor can be greatly tuned by varying different parameters such as the temperature and thickness of the Nb layer or the distance between the Nb layer and the Au plates. Overall, our work shows the potential of the use of superconductors for the realization of near-field thermal devices.
Micro-credit in Managua, Nicaragua : assessingthe effectiveness of small-scale lending as a socio-economic development tool
Creators: name: Ferguson, Gretchen Stacey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Micro-credit is the practice of making small loans to people with little or no collateral to help sustain and develop self-employment initiatives. It has been hailed as a tool for poverty alleviation, economic growth, community development and reducing gender inequities. The acclaimed effectiveness of this development strategy has resulted in an international movement to replicate it around the world, raising significant questions for planners about the transferability of the model. The purpose of the thesis is to examine micro-credit in the context of Nicaragua, seeking to determine the 'replicability' of the strategy and its socio-economic development potential, particularly for women. The study focused on five micro-credit programs operating in and around the capital city Managua. Research methods included a literature review, interviews with credit program administrators, with relevant government agencies, and with a sample of borrowers from each of the programs. The study indicates that micro-credit is an appropriate development strategy in Nicaragua. A convergence of factors has made self-employment a vital part of urban survival strategies, particularly for women and their families. With little government support for this sector, nongovernmental programs are timely. Micro-credit was also revealed as an effective strategy, helping to sustain self-employment in a country with few social safety nets. In some cases, it is helping people develop viable businesses The study nonetheless pointed to several limitations to micro-credit as a poverty alleviation strategy. People in the lowest income sections of the population were not as likely to benefit from the business development potential of credit and were most burdened by the cost recovery policies of the programs. Although women make up 80% of borrowers, few programs address women's need to move out of traditional occupations in which they experience inadequate income earning opportunities. As an economic development tool, micro-credit cannot address issues like market saturation, or lack of markets for crafts and other products. Recommendations focus on ways that credit programs could improve their socio-economic development potential by expanding training and marketing opportunities for borrowers. The national government is encouraged to recognise the importance of the micro-enterprise sector and to remove legislative barriers to profitability. Finally, international development agencies are cautioned not to overemphasise the poverty alleviation potential of micro-credit, nor to promote cost recovery goals at the expense of providing low-cost loans to the poor.
Enchelariophrya wolfi Foissner 2016
Creators: name: Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
name: Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso
name: Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Gymnostomatea
Spathidiida
Spathidiidae
Enchelariophrya
Enchelariophrya wolfi

description: Enchelariophrya wolfi Foissner, 2016
Distribution. JAMAICA: Surroundings of the village of Quick Step in Cockpit Country (Foissner 2016), (Ap).
description: Published as part of Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437
Non-linear Supersymmetry for non-Hermitian, non-diagonalizable Hamiltonians: II. Rigorous results
Creators: name: Sokolov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We continue our investigation of the nonlinear SUSY for complex potentials started in the Part I (math-ph/0610024) and prove the theorems characterizing its structure in the case of non-diagonalizable Hamiltonians. This part provides the mathematical basis of previous studies. The classes of potentials invariant under SUSY transformations for non-diagonalizable Hamiltonians are specified and the asymptotics of formal eigenfunctions and associated functions are derived. Several results on the normalizability of associated functions at infinities are rigorously proved. Finally the Index Theorem on relation between Jordan structures of intertwined Hamiltonians depending of the behavior of elements of canonical basis of supercharge kernel at infinity is proven.
description: 31 pp., comments on PT symmetry and few relevant refs are added
Impact of loop statistics on the thermodynamics of RNA folding
Creators: name: Einert, Thomas R.
name: Näger, Paul
name: Orland, Henri
name: Netz, Roland R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Loops are abundant in native RNA structures and proliferate close to the unfolding transition. By including a statistical weight ~ l^{-c} for loops of length l in the recursion relation for the partition function, we show that the calculated heat capacity depends sensitively on the presence and value of the exponent c, even of short t-RNA. For homo-RNA we analytically calculate the critical temperature and critical exponents which exhibit a non-universal dependence on c.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, including supplementary information
Study of the structural defects on carbon nanotubes in metal matrix composites processed by severe plastic deformation
Creators: name: Aristizabal, Katherine
name: Katzensteiner, Andreas
name: Bachmaier, Andrea
name: Muecklich, Frank
name: Suarez, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been recently proposed as stabilizers against grain growth that can happen even at low temperature inputs in nano-crystalline and ultrafine-grained materials obtained by severe plastic deformation. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of the structural defects on the nanotubes in CNT-reinforced nickel matrix composites with different reinforcement weight fractions. The composites were processed by high pressure torsion, and we used Raman spectroscopy as the main characterization technique. The results indicate that for CNT subjected to highly energetic processing, it is not sufficient to analyze only the ID/IG ratio (as proposed in the available literature), but it is also necessary to evaluate the shifting of the G band, which traces the amorphization trajectory undergone by the CNT. Furthermore, we observed that the deformation suffered by the CNT is related to the accumulated strain and varies with the partial CNT fractions of these composites. This is related to their capacity to withstand the plastic strain that occurs during deformation. In addition, the defective state reaches a saturation before achieving the saturation in the microstructural refinement. These results will help to efficiently optimize the processing of this type of engineering composites.
Iluminação integrativa: Noções básicas
Creators: name: Gerardo Ribeiro, Marcela
name: Shibuya, Elisa Kayo
name: Muto, Elizabeti Yuriko
name: Lui Reinhardt, Érica
name: Nascimento de Souza, Gláucia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This publication is a leaflet.
Ball-and-stick models of the tetradecane molecule
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Chemistry
subject: Crystallography
subject: 30301 Chemical Characterisation of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy
subject: 30307 Theory and Design of Materials

description: Tetradecane is an alkane hydrocarbon. Tetradecane has 1858 structural isomers. As the boiling point of alkanes is primarily determined by weight, it should not be a surprise that the boiling point has an almost linear relationship with the size (molecular weight) of the molecule. A straight-chain alkane will have a boiling point higher than a branched-chain alkane due to the greater surface area in contact, and thus greater van der Waals forces, between adjacent molecules. On the other hand, cycloalkanes tend to have higher boiling points than their linear counterparts due to the locked conformations of the molecules, which give a plane of intermolecular contact. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
The constraint equations for the Einstein-scalar field system on compact manifolds
Creators: name: Choquet-Bruhat, Yvonne
name: Isenberg, James
name: Pollack, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the constraint equations for the Einstein-scalar field system on compact manifolds. Using the conformal method we reformulate these equations as a determined system of nonlinear partial differential equations. By introducing a new conformal invariant, which is sensitive to the presence of the initial data for the scalar field, we are able to divide the set of free conformal data into subclasses depending on the possible signs for the coefficients of terms in the resulting Einstein-scalar field Lichnerowicz equation. For many of these subclasses we determine whether or not a solution exists. In contrast to other well studied field theories, there are certain cases, depending on the mean curvature and the potential of the scalar field, for which we are unable to resolve the question of existence of a solution. We consider this system in such generality so as to include the vacuum constraint equations with an arbitrary cosmological constant, the Yamabe equation and even (all cases of) the prescribed scalar curvature problem as special cases.
description: Minor changes, final version. To appear: Classical and Quantum Gravity
The Cube++ Illumination Estimation Dataset
Creators: name: Ershov, Egor
name: Savchik, Alex
name: Semenkov, Illya
name: Banić, Nikola
name: Belokopytov, Alexander
name: Senshina, Daria
name: Koscević, Karlo
name: Subašić, Marko
name: Lončarić, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computational color constancy has the important task of reducing the influence of the scene illumination on the object colors. As such, it is an essential part of the image processing pipelines of most digital cameras. One of the important parts of the computational color constancy is illumination estimation, i.e. estimating the illumination color. When an illumination estimation method is proposed, its accuracy is usually reported by providing the values of error metrics obtained on the images of publicly available datasets. However, over time it has been shown that many of these datasets have problems such as too few images, inappropriate image quality, lack of scene diversity, absence of version tracking, violation of various assumptions, GDPR regulation violation, lack of additional shooting procedure info, etc. In this paper, a new illumination estimation dataset is proposed that aims to alleviate many of the mentioned problems and to help the illumination estimation research. It consists of 4890 images with known illumination colors as well as with additional semantic data that can further make the learning process more accurate. Due to the usage of the SpyderCube color target, for every image there are two ground-truth illumination records covering different directions. Because of that, the dataset can be used for training and testing of methods that perform single or two-illuminant estimation. This makes it superior to many similar existing datasets. The datasets, it's smaller version SimpleCube++, and the accompanying code are available at https://github.com/Visillect/CubePlusPlus/.
Letter from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister to Mr. [James] Goldie, October 11, 1916
Creators: name: McAllister, John Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Mr. [James] Goldie from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister, dated October 11, 1916, regarding negative opinions on the Vernon Fruit Union and debt.
How Gaussian competition leads to lumpy or uniform species distributions
Creators: name: Pigolotti, Simone
name: Lopez, Cristobal
name: Hernandez-Garcia, Emilio
name: Andersen, Ken Haste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A central model in theoretical ecology considers the competition of a range of species for a broad spectrum of resources. Recent studies have shown that essentially two different outcomes are possible. Either the species surviving competition are more or less uniformly distributed over the resource spectrum, or their distribution is 'lumped' (or 'clumped'), consisting of clusters of species with similar resource use that are separated by gaps in resource space. Which of these outcomes will occur crucially depends on the competition kernel, which reflects the shape of the resource utilization pattern of the competing species. Most models considered in the literature assume a Gaussian competition kernel. This is unfortunate, since predictions based on such a Gaussian assumption are not robust. In fact, Gaussian kernels are a border case scenario, and slight deviations from this function can lead to either uniform or lumped species distributions. Here we illustrate the non-robustness of the Gaussian assumption by simulating different implementations of the standard competition model with constant carrying capacity. In this scenario, lumped species distributions can come about by secondary ecological or evolutionary mechanisms or by details of the numerical implementation of the model. We analyze the origin of this sensitivity and discuss it in the context of recent applications of the model.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, revised version
Complications in the ALMA Detection of Phosphine at Venus
Creators: name: Akins, Alex B.
name: Lincowski, Andrew P.
name: Meadows, Victoria S.
name: Steffes, Paul G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently published ALMA observations suggest the presence of 20 ppb PH$_3$ in the upper clouds of Venus. This is an unexpected result, as PH$_3$ does not have a readily apparent source and should be rapidly photochemically destroyed according to our current understanding of Venus atmospheric chemistry. While the reported PH$_3$ spectral line at 266.94 GHz is nearly co-located with an SO$_2$ spectral line, the non-detection of stronger SO$_2$ lines in the wideband ALMA data is used to rule out SO$_2$ as the origin of the feature. We present a reassessment of wideband and narrowband datasets derived from these ALMA observations. The ALMA observations are re-reduced following both the initial and revised calibration procedures discussed by the authors of the original study. We also investigate the phenomenon of apparent spectral line dilution over varying spatial scales resulting from the ALMA antenna configuration. A 266.94 GHz spectral feature is apparent in the narrowband data using the initial calibration procedures, but this same feature can not be identified following calibration revisions. The feature is also not reproduced in the wideband data. While the SO$_2$ spectral line is not observed at 257.54 GHz in the ALMA wideband data, our dilution simulations suggest that SO$_2$ abundances greater than the previously suggested 10 ppb limit would also not be detected by ALMA. Additional millimeter, sub-millimeter, and infrared observations of Venus should be undertaken to further investigate the possibility of PH$_3$ in the Venus atmosphere.
Identifying Crisis-Critical Intellectual Property Challenges during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A scenario analysis and conceptual extrapolation of innovation ecosystem dynamics using a visual mapping approach
Creators: name: Moerchel, Alexander
name: Tietze, Frank
name: Aristodemou, Leonidas
name: Vimalnath, Pratheeba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The Covid-19 pandemic exposed firms, organisations and their respective supply chains which are directly involved in the manufacturing of products that are critical to alleviating the effects of the health crisis, collectively referred to as the Crisis-Critical Sector,to unprecedented challenges. Firms from other sectors, such as automotive, luxury and home appliances, have rushed into the Crisis-Critical Sector in order to support the effort to upscale incumbent manufacturing capacities, thereby introducing Intellectual Property (IP)related dynamics and challenges. We apply an innovation ecosystem perspective on the Crisis-Critical Sector and adopt a novel visual mapping approach to identify IP associated challenges and IP specific dynamic developments during and potentially beyond the crisis.In this paper, we add methodologically by devising and testing a visual approach to capturing IP related dynamics in evolving innovation ecosystems and contribute to literature on IP management in the open innovation context by proposing paraground IP as a novel IP type.Finally, we also deduce managerial implications for IP management practitioners at both incumbent firms and new entrants for navigating innovation ecosystems subject to crisis-induced dynamic shifts.