cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Inhomogeneities on the Luminosity Distance-Redshift Relation: is Dark Energy Necessary in a Perturbed Universe?
Creators: name: Barausse, Enrico
name: Matarrese, Sabino
name: Riotto, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The luminosity distance-redshift relation is one of the fundamental tools of modern cosmology. We compute the luminosity distance-redshift relation in a perturbed flat matter-dominated Universe, taking into account the presence of cosmological inhomogeneities up to second order in perturbation theory. Cosmological observations implementing the luminosity distance-redshift relation tell us that the Universe is presently undergoing a phase of accelerated expansion. This seems to call for a mysterious Dark Energy component with negative pressure. Our findings suggest that the need of a Dark Energy fluid may be challenged once a realistic inhomogeneous Universe is considered and that an accelerated expansion may be consistent with a matter-dominated Universe.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures. Phys. Rev. D, in press. replaced to match the accepted version
THE MERINO EXPORT EMBARGO - A COMPARATIVE STATIC ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Quilkey, John J.
name: Quilkey, John J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The genetic changes which would occur in overseas flocks as a result of the export of merino rams from Australia are unknown. Even so, Australia recently relaxed the merino export embargo and may go further. A comparative static model is presented to assess changes in annual wool income resulting from increases in the supply of apparel wool emanating from possible levels of the genetic effect.
Trapping atoms on a transparent permanent-magnet atom chip
Creators: name: Shevchenko, A.
name: Heilio, M.
name: Lindvall, T.
name: Jaakkola, A.
name: Tittonen, I.
name: Kaivola, M.
name: Pfau, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe experiments on trapping of atoms in microscopic magneto-optical traps on an optically transparent permanent-magnet atom chip. The chip is made of magnetically hard ferrite-garnet material deposited on a dielectric substrate. The confining magnetic fields are produced by miniature magnetized patterns recorded in the film by magneto-optical techniques. We trap Rb atoms on these structures by applying three crossed pairs of counter-propagating laser beams in the conventional magneto-optical trapping (MOT) geometry. We demonstrate the flexibility of the concept in creation and in-situ modification of the trapping geometries through several experiments.
description: Modifications: A) Reference I. Barb et al., Eur. Phys. JD, 35, 75 (2005) added. B)Sentence rewritten: We routinely capture more than 10^6 atoms in a micro-MOT on a magnetized pattern. C) The magnetic field strengths are now given in Teslas. D) The second sentence in the fourth paragraph has been rewritten in order to more clearly describe the geometry and purpose of the compensation coils.E) In the seventh paragraph we have rewritten the sentence about the creation of the external magnetic field for the magnetic-domain patterning. F) In the ninth paragraph, we clarify the way to shift the trap center. G) Caption of Fig. 4 changed. H) We have modified paragraph 12 to improve the description on the guiding of the trap center along a toroidal pattern. I) The last two sentences of the manuscript have been rewritten
Compaction of mixtures of rigid and highly deformable particles: a micro-mechanical model
Creators: name: Cárdenas-Barrantes, Manuel
name: Cantor, David
name: Barés, Jonathan
name: Renouf, Mathieu
name: Azéma, Emilien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the isotropic compaction of mixtures composed of rigid and deformable incompressible particles by the non-smooth contact dynamics approach (NSCD). The deformable bodies are simulated using a hyper-elastic neo-Hookean constitutive law by means of classical finite elements. For mixtures that varied from totally rigid to totally deformable particles, we characterize the evolution of the packing fraction, the elastic modulus, and the connectivity as a function of the applied stresses when varying inter-particle coefficient of friction. We show first that the packing fraction increases and tends asymptotically to a maximum value $ϕ_{max}$, which depends on both the mixture ratio and the inter-particle friction. The bulk modulus is also shown to increase with the packing fraction and to diverges as it approaches $ϕ_{max}$. From the micro-mechanical expression of the granular stress tensor, we develop a model to describe the compaction behavior as a function of the applied pressure, the Young modulus of the deformable particles, and the mixture ratio. A bulk equation is also derived from the compaction equation. This model lays on the characterization of a single deformable particle under compression together with a power-law relation between connectivity and packing fraction. This compaction model, set by well-defined physical quantities, results in outstanding predictions from the jamming point up to very high densities and allows us to give a direct prediction of $ϕ_{max}$ as a function of both the mixture ratio and the friction coefficient.
Geographic Dimensions of Livestock Holdings in Vietnam - Spatial Relationships among Poverty, Infrastructure and the Environment
Creators: name: Epprecht, Michael
name: Epprecht, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Livestock play a crucial role in the livelihoods of a large number of the world's poor. Livestock-related policy decisions, however, are often based on sparse and generalized information. Better information and knowledge on livestock production patterns, and their relationships with structural and environmental realities, is therefore crucial for effective pro-poor policy making. The geographically heterogeneous nature of these factors illustrates the need for an explicit spatial dimension in information and knowledge development. This working paper presents the results of an analysis of spatial data relevant to livestock production Vietnam. The paper introduces the types of spatial data that are relevant and available for Vietnam; provides a geographic overview of livestock holding patterns in Vietnam; presents the results of a spatially explicit explorative analysis of relationships among livestock holding patterns, poverty, environment and infrastructure; and outlines possible directions for further analyses towards enhancing understanding of these linkages.
Toroidal Solitons in Nicole-type Models
Creators: name: Wereszczynski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A family of modified Nicole models is introduced. We show that for particular members of the family a topological soliton with a non-trivial value of the Hopf index exists. The form of the solitons as well as their energy and topological charge is explicitly found. They appear to be identical as the so-called eikonal knots. The relation between energy and topological charge of the solution is also presented. Quite interesting it seems to differ drastically from the standard Vakulenko-Kapitansky formula.
description: 9 pages, to be published in Eur. Phys. J. C
Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosis Based on Improved Ensemble Learning
Creators: name: Nugroho, Kuntoro Adi
name: Setiawan, Noor Akhmad
name: Adji, Teguh Bharata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Accurate diagnosis is required before performing proper treatments for coronary heart disease. Machine learning based approaches have been proposed by many researchers to improve the accuracy of coronary heart disease diagnosis. Ensemble learning and cascade generalization are among the methods which can be used to improve the generalization ability of learning algorithm. The objective of this study is to develop heart disease diagnosis method based on ensemble learning and cascade generalization. Cascade generalization method with loose coupling strategy is proposed in this study. C4. 5 and RIPPER algorithm were used as meta-level algorithm and Naive Bayes was used as baselevel algorithm. Bagging and Random Subspace were evaluated for constructing the ensemble. The hybrid cascade ensemble methods are compared with the learning algorithms in non-ensemble mode and non-cascade mode. The methods are also compared with Rotation Forest. Based on the evaluation result, the hybrid cascade ensemble method demonstrated the best result for the given heart disease diagnosis case. Accuracy and diversity evaluation was performed to analyze the impact of the cascade strategy. Based on the result, the accuracy of the classifiers in the ensemble is increased but the diversity is decreased.
Pathways out of Poverty in Western Kenya and the Role of Livestock
Creators: name: Kristjanson, Patricia
name: Krishna, Anirudh
name: Radeny, Maren
name: Nindo, W.
name: Kristjanson, Patricia
name: Krishna, Anirudh
name: Radeny, Maren
name: Nindo, W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Poverty
subject: livestock
subject: Western Kenya
subject: Vihiga District
subject: Siaya District
subject: stages of progress

description: The objectives of the study were to obtain a better understanding of households' pathways into, and out of, poverty, with poverty defined from the communities' own perspective. The authors used a community-based methodology called the 'stages of progress' approach to assess household poverty dynamics in 20 communities and for over 1,700 households representing two different ethnic groups in Western Kenya. The proportion of households that had managed to escape poverty over the last 25 years was ascertained, as well as the proportion of households that had fallen into poverty during the same period. The major reasons for movements into or out of poverty were elicited at both the community and household-level, and in particular, the role that livestock play in the different pathways was examined. The results show considerable movement over the last 2½ decades by households in the study region both into and out of poverty, and the main reasons behind households' escape from poverty are completely different (i.e. not merely the opposite) from the reasons for descent into poverty, and hence have different policy implications in terms of what has been referred to as 'cargo net' versus 'safety net' interventions. Cargo nets help poor people climb out of poverty; safety nets stop people from falling into poverty. Redistributive programs to build up the assets of poor people (such as giving heifers to poor households) may be effective in achieving long-term reductions in chronic poverty, but will have to be complemented by safety net policies.
Crisis on Campus: Refiguring Teaching and Writing
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Intellectual property
Education, Higher

description: Mark C. Taylor, Chair of the Columbia University Department of Religion, discusses his proposals for reinventing higher education and research outlined in his recent book Crisis on Campus. Taylor argues that higher education is facing a financial, curricular and institutional crisis that will transform teaching, research and publication. If institutions are to remain viable and faculty members are to continue to be productive, they must be flexible enough to adapt to this rapidly changing educational environment. Lydia Liu, W. T. Tam Professor in the Humanities, responds. A question and answer session follows the presentation.
Navigating the Livestock Sector: The Political Economy of Livestock Policy in Burkina Faso
Creators: name: Gning, Martha C.
name: Gning, Martha C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Political Economy

description: This paper presents a case study of how livestock policies are made and implemented in a national context, and how they can be improved to better serve the interests of the poor. The government estimates that nearly 85 percent of Burkinabè households rely upon livestock for some portion of their income. Furthermore, livestock accounts for approximately 25 percent of the country's exports. Socially, livestock provides a way for young adults to learn the responsibilities of adulthood, a method for family members to fulfill social obligations, and a means for women to support their families. Considering its social and economic significance, livestock must take center stage in efforts to improve Burkinabè livelihoods. The study used the key informant method supplemented with official documents, newspaper sources and recently published research on the livestock sector. Interviews helped reveal policymakers' concerns, whereas field trips allowed the researcher to talk to farmers and learn their perspectives from the bottom. Newspapers and published research analyzed various political, institutional and technical aspects of policymaking in the sector. The author highlights three potential constraints - weak livestock producer organizations, poor animal health service provision, and commercial weaknesses - on the potential contribution of the livestock sector to improving poor people's livelihoods and recommends strategic actions for overcoming each of them.
The Solar Corona during the Total Eclipse on 16 June 1806: Graphical Evidence of the Coronal Structure during the Dalton Minimum
Creators: name: Hayakawa, Hisashi
name: Owens, Mathew J.
name: Lockwood, Michael
name: Sôma, Mitsuru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Visible coronal structure, in particular the spatial evolution of coronal streamers, provides indirect information about solar magnetic activity and the underlying solar dynamo. Their apparent absence of structure observed during the total eclipses of throughout the Maunder Minimum has been interpreted as evidence of a significant change in the solar magnetic field from that during modern cycles. Eclipse observations available from the more recent Dalton Minimum may be able to provide further information, sunspot activity being between the levels seen during recent cycles and in the Maunder Minimum. Here, we show and examine two graphical records of the total solar eclipse on 1806 June 16, during the Dalton Minimum. These records show significant rays and streamers around an inner ring. The ring is estimated to be ~ 0.44 R_S in width and the streamers in excess of 11.88 R_S in length. In combination with records of spicules or prominences, these eclipse records visually contrast the Dalton Minimum with the Maunder Minimum in terms of their coronal structure and support the existing discussions based on the sunspot observations. These eclipse records are broadly consistent with the solar cycle phase in the modelled open solar flux and the reconstructed slow solar wind at most latitudes.
description: main text 14 pages, references 6 pages, 3 figures, and accepted for publication in the ApJ
The quantum double well anharmonic oscillator in an external field
Creators: name: Van der Straeten, Erik
name: Naudts, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is twofold. First of all, we study the behaviour of the lowest eigenvalues of the quantum anharmonic oscillator under influence of an external field. We try to understand this behaviour using perturbation theory and compare the results with numerical calculations. This brings us to the second aim of selecting the best method to carry out the numerical calculations accurately.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Livestock Production and the Rural Poor in Andhra Pradesh and Orissa States, India
Creators: name: Turner, Robin L.
name: Turner, Robin L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: India
subject: Orissa
subject: Andhra Pradesh
subject: policymaking
subject: livestock
subject: rural development
subject: poverty

description: This paper analyzes the political economy of the livestock sector in two Indian states, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. The aim is to identify politically feasible interventions that could have broad positive effects on poor rural livestock producers in these states. To that end, the paper assesses the relationship between land, livestock, and poverty, describes the organization of the sector, and analyzes the political and bureaucratic interests shaping livestock policy. The study used the key informant method supplemented with official documents, newspaper sources and recently published research on the livestock sector. Interviews helped reveal policymakers' concerns, whereas field trips allowed the researcher to talk to a farmers and learn their perspectives from the bottom. Newspapers contained many lively stories of how well-intentioned policies went awry at the implementation stage, while published research analyzed various political, institutional and technical aspects of policymaking in the sector. Livestock policy options are constrained by the broader political context. Because livestock producers are not an organized political lobby, policy in this area is shaped by broad policy trends and the agendas of more organized groups. Historically, livestock sector policy has focused on large ruminants and the state has sought to deliver necessary supportive services. Hindu nationalist groups have encouraged emphasis on vegetarian-friendly livestock policies - promote dairy rather than meat - and placed constraints on cow slaughter. Statist beliefs led the state to view provision of animal health and breeding services as a state responsibility and facilitated direct intervention in the cooperative sector. Based on this analysis, the paper discusses several options for strategic intervention in the livestock sector. The interventions with the greatest potential are the following. One, actors can seek to improve producers' capacity to articulate and advocate their interests. Two, actors can seek to increase access to shared resources such as forests and pastures. Three, actors can encourage pro-poor implementation of animal health service reforms. Four, actors can advocate further liberalization of the dairy sector. Five, actors can support small ruminant production by improving feed and fodder and conducting research on commodity chains and breeding.
Micromorphological leaf characteristics of Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. as biomarkers of water pollution
Creators: name: Radoukova Tzenka
name: Dimitrova-Dyulgerova Ivanka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Micromorphological characteristics,
Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.,
water pollution,
anthropogenically affected reservoirs

description: The current study is a part of complex research for establishing new fast and reliable methods for water pollution control. The subject of the study is three anthropogenically affected reservoirs (Kardzhali, Studen Kladenets, and Zhrebchevo), compared with the control - non-polluted one (Vacha Reservoir). Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. was used as a biomonitor and mossbags stayed for 30 days in the dams. The micromorphological characteristics of cells in the stem and twig leaves of the gametophyte of F. antipyretica were studied by using a light microscope (CETI, Magnum T Trinocular, magnification 400x. A proven increase in the number of cells was registered (significance level between 99% - 99.9% according to Student t-test), both on the branch leaves (for all three affected reservoirs) and the stem leaves (for Zhrebchevo Reservoir). In parallel, a reduction was recorded in the size of cells, mainly in terms of their width, as a result of the anthropogenic pressure. The twig leaves showed higher sensitivity to water pollution than the stem leaves. In conclusion, Fontinalis antipyretica, in particular the number of twig leaf cells and their width, can be used as suitable micromorphological markers in biomonitoring studies of water basins.
Systematics of approximations constructed from dynamical variational principles
Creators: name: Potthoff, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The systematics of different approximations within the self-energy-functional theory (SFT) is discussed for fermionic lattice models with local interactions. In the context of the SFT, an approximation is essentially given by specifying a reference system with the same interaction but a modified non-interacting part of the Hamiltonian which leads to a partial decoupling of degrees of freedom. The reference system defines a space of trial self-energies on which an optimization of the grand potential as a functional of the self-energy Omega[Sigma] is performed. As a stationary point is not a minimum in general and does not provide a bound for the exact grand potential, however, it is {\em a priori} unclear how to judge on the relative quality of two different approximations. By analyzing the Euler equation of the SFT variational principle, it is shown that a stationary point of the functional on a subspace given by a reference system composed of decoupled subsystems is also a stationary point in case of the coupled reference system. On this basis a strategy is suggested which generates a sequence of systematically improving approximations. The discussion is actually relevant for any variational approach that is not based on wave functions and the Rayleigh-Ritz principle.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, for the proceedings of the conference on ''Effective Models for Low-Dimensional Strongly Correlated Systems'', Peyresq, September 2005, to be published by AIP
Zero-pairing limit of Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov reference states
Creators: name: Duguet, T.
name: Bally, B.
name: Tichai, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The variational Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) mean-field theory is the starting point of various (ab initio) many-body methods dedicated to superfluid systems. While taking the zero-pairing limit of HFB equations constitutes a text-book problem when the system is of closed-(sub)shell character, it is typically, although wrongly, thought to be ill-defined whenever the naive filling of single-particle levels corresponds to an open-shell system. The present work demonstrates that the zero-pairing limit of an HFB state is mathematically well-defined, independently of the closed- or open-shell character of the system in the limit. Still, the nature of the limit state strongly depends on the underlying shell structure and on the associated naive filling reached in the zero-pairing limit for the particle number A of interest. All the analytical findings are confirmed and illustrated numerically. While HFB theory has been intensively scrutinized formally and numerically over the last decades, it still uncovers unknown and somewhat unexpected features. From this general perspective, the present analysis demonstrates that HFB theory does not reduce to Hartree-Fock theory even when the pairing field is driven to zero in the HFB Hamiltonian matrix.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
A Review of Milk Production in Pakistan with Particular Emphasis on Small-scale Producers
Creators: name: Garcia, Otto
name: Mahmood, Kalid
name: Hemme, Torsten
name: Garcia, Otto
name: Mahmood, Kalid
name: Hemme, Torsten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The purpose of the study is to assess the economics of dairy farming in Pakistan and the prospects for improving the dairy income for small-scale producers, which currently form the backbone of the dairy industry. The document begins with a general overview of milk production in the country, followed by a detailed study of dairy farming in the province of Punjab, with a particular focus on the small-scale producers. Preliminary estimates of the margins in the formal and informal market for liquid milk are provided. The study applies a method of economic analysis developed by the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN) which is based on the concept of 'typical farms'. Four farm types were selected to represent 'typical farms' in the province of Punjab: one farm with one and three, and two farms with ten dairy animals respectively, one of the latter located near the city of Lahore. Each farm is described in detail with assets, production costs, profits and other economic information presented both graphically and in the text. The study concludes that a sound intervention strategy to strengthen the position of the small scale dairy farms would focus simultaneously on at least three fronts: (1) lowering farm production costs, (2) increasing productivity and (3) promoting a "higher" farmers' share in the consumer milk prices. A more competitive milk marketing system designed to cater for the needs of small-scale dairy farmers would send strong positive signals for small farmers to mobilise their own resources and develop their operations.
Particle acceleration in astrophysical shear flows
Creators: name: Rieger, Frank M.
name: Duffy, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the acceleration of particles due to a velocity shear in relativistic astrophysical flows. The basic physical picture and the formation of power law momentum spectra is discussed for a non-relativistic velocity field using a microscopic approach. We identify possible sites for shear acceleration in relativistic astrophysical jets and analyze their associated acceleration timescales. It is shown in particular that for a mean scattering time $τ$ scaling with the gyro-radius, the acceleration timescale for gradual shear scales in the same manner as the synchrotron cooling timescale, so that losses may no longer be able to stop the acceleration once it has started to work efficiently. Finally, the possible role of shear acceleration is discussed with reference to the relativistic jet in the quasar 3C~273.
description: 6 pages; presented at the 5th Microquasar Workshop, Beijing, June 2004. Accepted for publication in the Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey IX. The fourth XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue
Creators: name: Webb, N. A.
name: Coriat, M.
name: Traulsen, I.
name: Ballet, J.
name: Motch, C.
name: Carrera, F. J.
name: Koliopanos, F.
name: Authier, J.
name: de la Calle, I.
name: Ceballos, M. T.
name: Colomo, E.
name: Chuard, D.
name: Freyberg, M.
name: Garcia, T.
name: Kolehmainen, M.
name: Lamer, G.
name: Lin, D.
name: Maggi, P.
name: Michel, L.
name: Page, C. G.
name: Page, M. J.
name: Perea-Calderon, J. V.
name: Pineau, F. -X.
name: Rodriguez, P.
name: Rosen, S. R.
name: Lleo, M. Santos
name: Saxton, R. D.
name: Schwope, A.
name: Tomás, L.
name: Watson, M. G.
name: Zakardjian, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sky surveys produce enormous quantities of data on extensive regions of the sky. The easiest way to access this information is through catalogues of standardised data products. {\em XMM-Newton} has been surveying the sky in the X-ray, ultra-violet, and optical bands for 20 years. The {\em XMM-Newton} Survey Science Centre has been producing standardised data products and catalogues to facilitate access to the serendipitous X-ray sky. Using improved calibration and enhanced software, we re-reduced all of the 14041 {\em XMM-Newton} X-ray observations, of which 11204 observations contained data with at least one detection and with these we created a new, high quality version of the {\em XMM-Newton} serendipitous source catalogue, 4XMM-DR9. 4XMM-DR9 contains 810795 detections down to a detection significance of 3 $σ$, of which 550124 are unique sources, which cover 1152 degrees$^{2}$ (2.85\%) of the sky. Filtering 4XMM-DR9 to retain only the cleanest sources with at least a 5 $σ$ detection significance leaves 433612 detections. Of these detections, 99.6\% have no pileup. Furthermore, 336 columns of information on each detection are provided, along with images. The quality of the source detection is shown to have improved significantly with respect to previous versions of the catalogues. Spectra and lightcurves are also made available for more than 288000 of the brightest sources (36\% of all detections).
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted to be published Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A)
Redundancy Analysis of the Railway Network of Hungary
Creators: name: Tóth, B. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Available alternative routes on which traffic can be rerouted in the case of disruptions are vital for transportation networks. Line sections with less traffic under normal operational conditions but with increased importance in the case of disruptions are identified in the railway network of Hungary by using a weighted directed graph. To describe the goodness of the individual alternative routes the so-called redundancy index is used. The results show that the structure of the network is good, but the lines with the highest redundancy (lines No. 80, 2, 4 and 77 according to the numbering of the national railway operator, MÁV) are mostly single tracked and in many cases the line speed is low. The building of additional tracks and electrifying these lines while still maintaining the existing diesel locomotives for the case of disruptions of the electric support are the keys to make the performance of the rather dense railway network of Hungary sustainable.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2005.12802
The Dipole Anisotropy of the 2 Micron All-Sky Redshift Survey
Creators: name: Erdogdu, P.
name: Huchra, J. P.
name: Lahav, O.
name: Colless, M.
name: Cutri, R. M.
name: Falco, E.
name: George, T.
name: Jarrett, T.
name: Jones, D. H.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Macri, L.
name: Mader, J.
name: Martimbeau, N.
name: Pahre, M.
name: Parker, Q.
name: Rassat, A.
name: Saunders, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the acceleration on the Local Group (LG) from the Two Micron All Sky Redshift Survey (2MRS). The sample used includes about 23,200 galaxies with extinction corrected magnitudes brighter than K_s=11.25 and it allows us to calculate the flux weighted dipole. The near-infrared flux weighted dipoles are very robust because they closely approximate a mass weighted dipole, bypassing the effects of redshift distortions and require no preferred reference frame. This is combined with the redshift information to determine the change in dipole with distance. The misalignment angle between the LG and the CMB dipole drops to 12 degrees at around 50 Mpc/h, but then increases at larger distances, reaching 21 degrees at around 130 Mpc/h. Exclusion of the galaxies Maffei 1, Maffei 2, Dwingeloo 1, IC342 and M87 brings the resultant flux dipole to 14 degrees away from the CMB velocity dipole In both cases, the dipole seemingly converges by 60 Mpc/h. Assuming convergence, the comparison of the 2MRS flux dipole and the CMB dipole provides a value for the combination of the mass density and luminosity bias parameters Omega_m^0.6/b_L=0.40+/-0.09.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS, in press
Surface Specific Heat of $^{3}$He and Andreev Bound States
Creators: name: Choi, H.
name: Davis, J. P.
name: Pollanen, J.
name: Halperin, W. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution measurements of the specific heat of liquid $^{3}$He in the presence of a silver surface have been performed at temperatures near the superfluid transition in the pressure range of 1 to 29 bar. The surface contribution to the heat capacity is identified with Andreev bound states of $^{3}$He quasiparticles that have a range of half a coherence length.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRL
Coherence phenomena
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The basic notions related to coherence phenomena are formulated. Two types of coherence are described, state coherence and transition coherence. Useful characteristics for quantifying coherence are defined, such as coherence functions, coherence radius, coherence length, and coherence time.
description: Latex file, 6 pages
Origins of predicates : evidence from Plains Cree
Creators: name: Hirose, Tomio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis advances a new perspective of predicates in natural language (e.g. “tall” in “John is tall” and “tell” in “I told Mary funnies”). I make two major claims: first, predicates are defined in terms of three properties, (i) argument-taking ability, (ii) temporality, (iii) conceptual content; second, predicates are not a lexical primitive, but a syntactic construct such that the three defining properties of a predicate "meet" one another only in the syntax. I also propose a particular set of syntactic structures that instantiate the above claims in line with Chomsky's (1995) theory of "bare phrase structure." Data drawn from Plains Cree, an Algonquian language, play a central role in justifying the proposed view of predicates. By identifying morphological complexity of this language's "verbal complexes"—word-like morphological units that are semantically equivalent to propositions—with syntactic complexity, I claim that morphemes internal to Plains Cree verbal complexes should be interpreted as lexical items that enter into the syntax. I propose a particular distribution of these three defining properties of a predicate as a distinct set of morphemes. By demonstrating that the proposed distribution of the three defining properties of a predicate provides insights into morphosemantic and morphosyntactic properties of Plains Cree verbal complexes, I argue for the proposed analysis of natural language predicates. Morphosemantically, the fact that the combination of a root and appropriate agreement morphology fails to form a proposition in Plains Cree (contrary to many other "polysynthetic" languages) follows from the claim that Plains Cree roots are not predicates, and bear only conceptual content. I also argue that identification of temporality as the "dynamicity" of Verkuyl (1972, 1993) specified on transitivitiy suffixes accounts for the absence of "aspectual stacking" in the language. Morphosyntactically, I demonstrate that assignment of argument-taking ability to three sets of non-root morphemes captures properties of noun incorporation phenomena in Plains Cree. I also demonstrate that the proposed syntactic structures explain properties of two operator-like morphemes in the language. These phenomena characteristically exhibit c-command and locality effects, which otherwise must be simply stipulated in a-syntactic terms.
The Role of Livestock in Economic Development and Poverty Reduction
Creators: name: Upton, Martin
name: Upton, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Pro-poor livestock policy
subject: livelihoods
subject: economic development
subject: poverty alleviation

description: This paper reviews the diverse and changing roles of livestock as they relate to the process of economic development and poverty reduction, departing from the premise that livestock production plays an important role in contributing to the livelihoods of most of the world's poor and in meeting the fast growing demand for livestock products in the developing countries. It is argued that investment in livestock raises farm production by extending the area of land utilised, diversifying productive activity for crop cultivators or intensifying production, and that changes from grassland-based systems to mixed farming systems and thence to landless production systems represent stages of increasing intensity. The author draws on New Institutional Economics concepts such as property rights, transaction costs and agency theory to provide insights into the institutions affecting livestock development. Thus, patterns of land tenure, intra-household rights and gender issues, credit provision, contractual arrangements, animal health services and their change over time are examined. The lack of circulating capital is recognized as a major constraint for smallholder livestock development. The development of world trade in livestock and livestock products is analysed. Despite expanding markets for livestock products the developing countries as a group have recently switched from being net exporters and become net importers of livestock products. Although patterns of trade depend on differences in comparative advantage between countries they are also influenced by trade regulations. Domestic producer protection by the European Union, the USA and Japan in particular is identified as destabilising world prices and imposing cheap priced competition on developing country producers. Nevertheless, the overall gains from trade liberalisation for developing countries are expected to be small. The paper concludes by stressing the need for increased investment in livestock production, given the rapidly growing demand for animal products and the important contribution of livestock to the incomes and welfare of the rural poor and outlines policy options that could be pursued by developing country governments as well as by the donor community.
A delayed yielding transition in mechanically annealed binary glasses at finite temperature
Creators: name: Priezjev, Nikolai V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of strain amplitude, glass stability and thermal fluctuations on shear band formation and yielding transition is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The model binary mixture is first gradually cooled below the glass transition temperature and then periodically deformed to access a broad range of potential energy states. We find that the critical strain amplitude becomes larger for highly annealed glasses within about one thousand shear cycles. Moreover, upon continued loading at a fixed strain amplitude, the yielding transition is delayed in glasses mechanically annealed to lower energy states. It is also demonstrated that nucleation of a small cluster of atoms with large nonaffine displacements precedes a sharp energy change associated with the yielding transition. These results are important for thermal and mechanical processing of amorphous alloys with tunable mechanical and physical properties.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures
Stability of density-stratified viscous Taylor-Couette flows
Creators: name: Shalybkov, D.
name: Ruediger, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stability of density-stratified viscous Taylor-Couette flows is considered using the Boussinesq approximation but without any use of the short-wave approximation. The flows which are unstable after the Rayleigh criterion (\hat μ\hat η. The Reynolds numbers rapidly grow to very high values if this limit is approached (see Figs. 3 and 4). Also striking is that the marginal stability lines for the higher $m$ do less and less enter the region beyond the Rayleigh line so that we might have to consider the stratorotational instability as a 'low-$m$ instability'. The applicability of these results to the stability problem of accretion disks with their strong stratification and fast rotation is shortly discussed.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, Astron. Astrophys. (subm.)
Poverty, Livestock and Household Typologies in Nepal
Creators: name: Maltsoglou, Irini
name: Taniguchi, Kiyoshi
name: Maltsoglou, Irini
name: Taniguchi, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Poverty
subject: livestock
subject: income
subject: Nepal
subject: home consumption
subject: cash income
subject: household typologies

description: Agriculture and livestock are key components of the livelihoods of the poor. Livestock make a substantial contribution to household livelihood's and currently sustain the livelihoods of an estimated 700 million rural poor in developing countries. In Nepal, poverty levels are extremely high and more than 80% of the population relies on the agriculture sector for employment and income generation. In this context, it is important to be able to understand the link between poverty and livestock and the possible impact of livestock policies on the poor. The aim of the analysis presented in this paper is twofold: firstly, to gain an in-depth understanding of the features that characterize the poor in Nepal so as to determine the role livestock plays in and for household's income and income sources; secondly, based on the findings, set up household typologies related to livestock to be used to identify household groups within the country to better target specific livestock policies. The analysis presented is based on the data collected in Nepal during the 1996-97 Living Standards Measurement Survey (NLSS I). In conclusion the authors find that poverty in Nepal is mainly a rural phenomenon, where households mostly own land and livestock, and are extremely dependent on agriculture for household income. Livestock is found to contribute significantly to agriculture income both in the form of home production consumed within the households and agriculture cash income. The cash component proves to be especially important for the more isolated areas in which access to cash is very limited and for the landless households. This is leads to a call for policy makers to ensure that policies targeting livestock are put in place, since this will indirectly help the large portion of rural poor in the country.
The Political Economy of International Development and Pro-Poor Livestock Policies: A Comparative Assessment
Creators: name: Leonard, David K.
name: Leonard, David K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Political Economy
subject: Political economy
subject: livestock policy
subject: decentralization
subject: new institutional economics
subject: patron-client relations
subject: neo-liberalism

description: Peasant livestock producers are particularly disadvantaged internationally and within their national systems because their political participation tends to be mediated through patron-client ties. The consequence is that poor producers most often trade their collective interests for very modest individual (or village) benefits. These patron-client networks are now being extended internationally, generally making them still less advantageous. Eventually poor livestock producers will address their interests through political associations (i.e. horizontal groupings of peers) rather than clientage (which is vertical in orientation). In the meantime, however, without outside help they are unlikely to engage in effective proactive political action on issues related to their collective interests as producers. This paper analyzes political organization and action that can be used to, at least partially, overcome the lack of voice of poor producers in the domestic and international policy arenas. The study builds on a series of country case studies carried out under the supervision of the author (Vietnam, India, Ethiopia, Senegal, Bolivia and the EC) and draws general conclusions on the roles various actors can play in shaping policies for pro-poor outcomes. Long term investments by NGOs and donors in the capacity of poor producers for political organization and use of networks of NGOs and peasant organizations that extend from the local through national to the international level are seen as ultimately having the greatest benefits for the poor.
An explanation for the kHz-QPO twin peaks separation in slow and fast rotators
Creators: name: Petri, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we further explore the idea, suggested previously by Klu{ź}niak and collaborators, that the high frequency QPOs may be explained as a resonant coupling between the neutron star spin and two epicyclic modes of accretion disk oscillations. We confirm result of Lee, Abramowicz and Klu{ź}niak (\cite{Lee2004}) that the strongest response occurs when the frequency difference of the two modes equals either the spin frequency (for ``slow rotators'') or half of it (for ``fast rotators''). New points discussed in this Letter are: (1) We suggest that the coupling is gravitational, and due to a non-axially symmetric structure of the rotating neutron star. (2) We found that two excited modes may be both connected to vertical oscillations of the disk, and that strong gravity is not needed to excite the modes.
description: Accepted by A&A Letters
Investigation of the arrivals directions differences for consecutive Extensive Air Showers using the data taken by TEL goniometer under GELATICA network
Creators: name: Verbetsky, Yuri
name: Svanidze, Manana
name: Iashvili, Abesalom
name: Iashvili, Ia
name: Kakabadze, Levan
name: Jonjoladze, Nino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of the angle between the arrival directions of the fronts of consecutive Extensive Air Showers(EAS) with a wide range of a total number of charged particles is studied using the experimental data taken by the EAS 4-detector array TEL in Telavi. The station is a part of the GELATICA net in Georgia (GEorgian Large-area Angle and TIme Coincidence Array), which is devoted to the study of possible correlations in the arrival times and directions of separate EAS events over large distances. It is shown that the aforementioned directions really are in the essentially independent and can be used for investigation of simultaneous correlations of the EAS arrival times and directions.
description: PDF 12 pages A4; 3 figures; 14 references