cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Level raising for automorphic representations of GL(2n)
Creators: name: Anastassiades, Christos
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Number Theory
Automorphic Representations
Galois Representations
Level Raising

description: To each regular algebraic, conjugate self-dual, cuspidal automorphic representation $\Pi$ of $\mathrm{GL}(N)$ over a CM number field $E$ (or, more generally, to a regular algebraic isobaric sum of conjugate self-dual, cuspidal representations), we can attach a continuous $\ell$-adic Galois representation $r(\Pi)$ of the absolute Galois group of $E$. The residual Galois representation $\overline{r}(\Pi):\mathrm{Gal}(\overline{E}/E)\to\mathrm{GL}_N(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_\ell)$ of $\pi$ is defined to be the semisimplification of the reduction of $r(\Pi)$ (modulo the maximal ideal of $\overline{\mathbb{Z}}_\ell$), with respect to any invariant $\overline{\mathbb{Z}}_\ell$-lattice. The aim of this thesis is to prove a level raising theorem for automorphic representations of $\mathrm{GL}(2n)$. More precisely, given a regular algebraic automorphic representation $\Pi$ of $\mathrm{GL}(2n)$ over $E$, which is either unitary, conjugate self-dual and cuspidal or an isobaric sum $\Pi_1 \boxplus \Pi_2$ of two unitary, conjugate self-dual cuspidal representations of $\mathrm{GL}(n)$, we want to construct a unitary, conjugate self-dual cuspidal representation $\Pi'$ of $\mathrm{GL}(2n)$ that has the same residual Galois representation as $\Pi$ and whose component at a finite place $w$ of $E$ is an unramified twist of the Steinberg representation. We prove that this is possible, after replacing $\Pi$ with its base change along a CM biquadratic extension, under certain assumptions on $\Pi$ (including a local obstruction at the place $w$). Our proof uses the results of Kaletha, Minguez, Shin and White on the endoscopic classification of representations of (inner forms of) unitary groups to descend $\Pi$ to an automorphic representation of a totally definite unitary group $G$ over the maximal totally real subfield of $E$. We then prove a level raising theorem for the group $G$; we do this by proving an analogue of “Ihara's lemma” for $G$, using the strong approximation theorem for the derived subgroup of $G$.
BRG.LifeMOD$^{TM}$ modeling and simulation of swimmers impulse during a grab start
Creators: name: Agnesina, Guillaume
name: Taiar, Redha
name: Houel, Nicolas
name: Guelton, Kevin
name: Hellard, Philippe
name: Toshev, Yuli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main aim of the study is to propose an approach for 3D modeling and simulation of swimmers impulse during a grab start. Four national level swimmers were investigated. For every swimmer, 3D model was generated in BRG.LifeMOD TM on the base of individual morphologic parameters and kinematic data obtained by high speed video camera and passive markers attached at the level of each important articulation. The proposed approach allows predicting swimmer's joint moments for each important articulation during the impulse phase of the grab start and to analyze the segmental coordination for each studied swimmer in order to optimize the performance. The model was successfully validated by comparing the predicted speed and power values with experimental ground reactions data collected in situ.
title: 03_0236
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Strain-engineered high-temperature ferromagnetic Oxygen-substituted NaMnF3 from first principles
Creators: name: Ren, Wenning
name: Jin, Kuijuan
name: Guo, Erjia
name: Ge, Chen
name: Wang, Can
name: Xu, Xiulai
name: Yao, Hongbao
name: Jiang, Litong
name: Yang, Guozhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first-principles calculations, we investigated the magnetic, electronic, and structural properties of oxygen-substituted NaMnF3 (NaMnF1.5O1.5) with in-plane biaxial strain. For simplicity, a structure containing an oxygen octahedron is used to explore the underlying physical mechanism. We found that the oxygen octahedron induces a transition from an insulating antiferromagnet to a high-temperature half-metallic ferromagnet. More importantly, the Curie temperature can be significantly enhanced and even might reach room temperature by applying tensile strain. The changing trends of exchange coupling constants with the increasing biaxial tensile strain can be attributed to the cooperative effects of Jahn-Teller distortion and rotation distortion. It is expected that these findings can enrich the versatility of NaMnF3 and make it a promising candidate for spintronic applications.
description: 24 pages 6 figures
Women's Land Rights and Sustainable Development
Creators: name: Mehra, Rekha
name: Mehra, Rekha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Labor and Human Capital
Land Economics/Use

description: Unequal and insecure access to land undermind women's farm productivity, limit employment options, depress their earnings, and degrade the environment. Factors limiting women's access to land include legal discrimination, land scarcity, inappropriate government policies, and lack of political power and social status. Policies to promote sustainalbe development rather than focusing on family planning, as is commonly done, should directly support women's economic activities. Especially needed ot enhance women's investment incentives and to encourage them to take a longer-term view on the encironment are polcieis to strengthen their land rights. To enhance women's capacity to act upon these incentives and build their human capital, policies are needed to improve their access to resoruces and services such as credit, agricultural extension, new technologies, and better education and health care.
Women's Income Versus Family Income as a Determinant for Food Security, an Example from Southern Mali
Creators: name: De Groote, Hugo
name: De Groote, Hugo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Labor and Human Capital

description: The simple neo-classical household model presents a major problem - the cooperative unique household utility function might not always be appropriate. More specifically, women's and men's utility functions might be different. To accomodate the problem, this paper explores the possibility of an enlarged household model. This model also includes two other elements that have recently received major attention, credit and seasonality. The analysis of data from southern Mali indicates that, in contrast to the family's total income, the family's assets and women's income have a positive effect on the nutritional status of pre-school children in the pre-harvest season. The relationship does not hold in the period after the harvest. This indicates that the women's utility function differs from that of the family as a whole, and that the seasonality of the income is very important.
title: Financial Markets and Dissent in the ECB’s Governing Council
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Tillmann, Peter
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: monetary policy committee, disagreement
term structure
monetary policy transmission
event studies
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: The decision-making process in the ECB’s Governing Council remains opaque as the ECB, in contrast to many other central banks, does not publish the votes for or against a policy proposal. In this paper, we construct an index of dissent based on the ECB presidents’ answers to journalists’ questions during the press conference following each meeting. This narrative account of dissent suggests that dissenting votes are cast frequently. We show that the non-forecastable component of dissent weakens the response of long-term interest rates to policy surprises and thus affects the monetary transmission mechanism. The yield response is significantly stronger under unanimity compared to dissent. This finding is robust to several alternative specifications.
Quantum probabilities as Bayesian probabilities
Creators: name: Caves, Carlton M.
name: Fuchs, Christopher A.
name: Schack, Ruediger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Bayesian approach to probability theory, probability quantifies a degree of belief for a single trial, without any a priori connection to limiting frequencies. In this paper we show that, despite being prescribed by a fundamental law, probabilities for individual quantum systems can be understood within the Bayesian approach. We argue that the distinction between classical and quantum probabilities lies not in their definition, but in the nature of the information they encode. In the classical world, maximal information about a physical system is complete in the sense of providing definite answers for all possible questions that can be asked of the system. In the quantum world, maximal information is not complete and cannot be completed. Using this distinction, we show that any Bayesian probability assignment in quantum mechanics must have the form of the quantum probability rule, that maximal information about a quantum system leads to a unique quantum-state assignment, and that quantum theory provides a stronger connection between probability and measured frequency than can be justified classically. Finally we give a Bayesian formulation of quantum-state tomography.
description: 6 pages, Latex, final version
Lipid signalling dynamics of palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in skeletal muscle
Creators: name: McNally, Ben
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Lipidomics
ER stress
Ceramide
Eicosanoid
Skeletal muscle
Insulin resistance
Type 2 Diabetes
Metabolism

description: Approximately 340 million people worldwide have Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), making identification of the aetiological processes underlying this disease imperative. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has emerged as a potential mechanism driving the pathogenesis of obesity and T2DM. Palmitate, the predominant saturated fatty acid elevated in the blood plasma of obese individuals, induces ER stress and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. However, the interaction between ER stress, lipid metabolism and T2DM remains poorly understood. This thesis uses lipidomic tools to investigate skeletal muscle ER stress in cell culture and animal models. Chronic palmitate treatment of both mouse C2C12 and human primary myotubes induced ER stress, concurrent with the cytosolic phospholipase A2-dependent release of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from phosphatidylcholines (PCs). This phenotype was also observed in skeletal muscle from mouse models of diet-induced obesity and T2DM patients. Palmitate-stimulated catabolism of PUFA-containing PCs was concomitant with increases in bioactive eicosanoid secretion, which was shown to be important in the control of ER stress, inflammatory signalling and macrophage activation. This provides a novel link between palmitate and the control of ER stress and inflammation in metabolic disease. Previous work has suggested that the propagation of ER stress signalling between cells may result from the secretion of a, as yet undefined, cell non-autonomous signal. In this thesis, long-chain ceramides (40:1 and 42:1) were identified as signals transmitting the induction of ER stress between myotubes via exosome-mediated transport. Long-chain ceramide concentrations were increased in skeletal muscle and blood plasma from in vivo models of obesity and were elevated in the muscle of T2DM patients. Muscle synthesis of long chain ceramides in response to palmitate was found to occur via the de novo pathway and was linked to ER stress by Perk, an important unfolded protein response kinase. This work identifies ceramides as cell non-autonomous signals that propagate ER stress activation following exposure to palmitate, providing a novel mechanism for stress signalling in obesity and insulin resistance.
Demographic Pressure and the Sustainability of Land Use in Rwanda
Creators: name: Kangasniemi, Jaakko
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Kangasniemi, Jaakko
name: Reardon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: Increasing land scarcity forces Rwandan farmers to expand the area under food crops at the expense of pasture, fallow, and forest. Since the non-cropping uses of land provide more vegetative cover against erosion than most food crops, land scarcity appears to be associated with unsustainable land uses. However, demographic pressure also pushes farmers to grow crops in dense associations, which increases vegetative cover on cultivated fields. The estimated relationship between farm size and protective crop cover depends crucially on how the measure of vegetative cover is adjusted to account for high cropping densities. Without any adjustment, the association between land scarcity and erosive land use is strong; with the adjustment used here, it disappears, except for high altitude areas, where bananas, the only major food crop that protects land well against erosion, do not grow well.
Galactic Positron Excess from Selectively Enhanced Dark Matter Annihilation
Creators: name: Das, Anirban
name: Dasgupta, Basudeb
name: Ray, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precision measurements of the positron flux in cosmic ray have revealed an unexplained bump in the spectrum around $E\simeq 300\,\mathrm{GeV}$, not clearly attributable to known astrophysical processes. We propose annihilation of dark matter of mass $m_χ= 780\,\mathrm{GeV}$ with a late-time cross section $σv = 4.63\times 10^{-24}\,\mathrm{cm^3\,s^{-1}}$ as a possible source. The nonmonotonic dependence of the annihilation rate on dark matter velocity, owing to a selective $p$-wave Sommerfeld enhancement, allows such a large signal from the Milky Way without violating corresponding constraints from CMB and dwarf galaxy observations. We briefly explore other signatures of this scenario, and outline avenues to test it in future experiments.
description: v3:15 pages, 12 figures, matches published version
title: The Die is Cast – Factors Influencing Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Bethäuser, Jenny
name: Muschol, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cases
COVID-19
Coronavirus
Economics
Wirtschaft
Healthcare System; Health Economics
Mortality
Pandemic
Deaths

description: Since the beginning of the year, almost the entire world has been thrown off course by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused health, social and economic challenges. In an international comparison it can be seen that the mortality rates vary widely between countries. This study therefore aims to investigate the quality of international healthcare systems and their potential risk factors in order to explore the differences in mortality. After the derivation of suitable variables and the collection of a widespread data set, we were able to detect with six different OLS regressions that the mortality rate significantly decreases with a higher number of hospital beds and increases with a higher proportion of elderly population (p < 0.05 respectively). This work also succeeded in partly explaining the varying international COVID-19 mortality rates with an already existing health economic index (adj. R2 = 28.4%) and an own set of variables (adj. R2 = 27.7%). The association of the quality of healthcare systems as well as risk factors with COVID-19 mortality rates might provide important implications
for future policy decisions.
Chandra Observation of SNR G54.1+0.3 -- a Close Cousin of the Crab Nebula
Creators: name: Lu, F. J.
name: Wang, Q. D.
name: Aschenbach, B.
name: Durouchoux, Ph.
name: Song, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a {\it Chandra} ACIS observation of SNR G54.1+0.3. This supernova remnant is resolved into several distinct X-ray emitting components: a central bright point-like source (CXOU J193030.13+185214.1), a surrounding ring, bipolar elongations, plus low surface brightness diffuse emission. The spectra of these components are all well described by power-law models; the spectral index steepens with increasing distance from the point-like source. We find no evidence for any thermal plasma emission that would correspond to shocked interstellar medium or ejecta. The observed morphological and spectral characteristics suggest that G54.1+0.3 is the closest ``cousin'' of the Crab Nebula -- a pulsar wind nebula driven by a combination of equatorial and polar outflows from the putative pulsar represented by the point-like X-ray source.
description: 15 pages with 5 figures included (accepted to ApJL)
Policy Preference Functions: The Implications of Recent Developments
Creators: name: Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan Von
name: Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan Von
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Political Economy
Public Economics

description: The policy preference function (PPF) approach continues to be the subject of considerable interest in agricultural economics. Recent work has added sophistication and strengthened the approach's theoretical underpinnings. In this paper, several implications of this recent work are considered. First, the distinction between the PPF and the surplus transformation curve (STC) is stressed. Estimated PPF weights are derived from what we know about the STC. We actually know very little about the PPF itself. Second, the relationship between the number of interest groups and the number of policy tools in PPF models is discussed. The relationship that is mathematically necessary may not correspond to that which is suggested by our intuition about reality. Hence, it may be that PPF modelling is often inappropriate. Finally, the stochastic nature of PPF estimates is discussed, and a simple method for quantifying the variability of these estimates is illustrated.
Probabilistic Alternatives to the Gower Distance: A Note on Deodata Predictors
Creators: name: Alb, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A probabilistic alternative to the Gower distance is proposed. The probabilistic distance enables the realization of a generic deodata predictor.
Projection-Based Model Reduction with Dynamically Transformed Modes
Creators: name: Black, Felix
name: Schulze, Philipp
name: Unger, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q35, 65M15, 37L65

description: We propose a new model reduction framework for problems that exhibit transport phenomena. As in the moving finite element method (MFEM), our method employs time-dependent transformation operators and, especially, generalizes MFEM to arbitrary basis functions. The new framework is suitable to obtain a low-dimensional approximation with small errors even in situations where classical model order reduction techniques require much higher dimensions for a similar approximation quality. Analogously to the MFEM framework, the reduced model is designed to minimize the residual, which is also the basis for an a-posteriori error bound. Moreover, since the dependence of the transformation operators on the reduced state is nonlinear, the resulting reduced order model is obtained by projecting the original evolution equation onto a nonlinear manifold. Furthermore, for a special case, we show a connection between our approach and the method of freezing, which is also known as symmetry reduction. Besides the construction of the reduced order model, we also analyze the problem of finding optimal basis functions based on given data of the full order solution. Especially, we show that the corresponding minimization problem has a solution and reduces to the proper orthogonal decomposition of transformed data in a special case. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with several analytical and numerical examples.
Productivity Gaps Between European and United States Agriculture
Creators: name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Ball, V. Eldon
name: Butault, Jean Pierre
name: Barkaou, Ahmed
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Ball, V. Eldon
name: Butault, Jean Pierre
name: Barkaou, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agribusiness
International Development
Productivity Analysis

description: A set of purchasing power parities was constructed for the inputs and the outputs of the agricultural sector in 10 European countries and the United States. This made it possible to deflate both spatially and in time the nominal agricultural accounts. Real values of inputs and outputs made it possible to construct spatial indexes of productivity. These indexes measure the productivity gaps between countries for a given year. Extrapolation between 1973 and 1989 measures how these gaps have changed over time. The results show that the productivity of the United States has been 20 percent higher than the average productivity of European agriculture. This gap has persisted over time. However, large discrepancies exist in Europe and a few countries such as The Netherlands obtain a higher productivity than the United States.
Light cone OPE in a CFT with lowest twist scalar primary
Creators: name: Bhatta, Atanu
name: Ray, Soham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the operator product expansion (OPE) of two identical scalar primary operators in the lightcone limit in a conformal field theory where a scalar is the operator with lowest twist. We see that in CFTs where both the stress tensor and a scalar are the lowest twist operators, the stress tensor contributes at the leading order in the lightcone OPE and the scalar contributes at the subleading order. We also see that there does not exist a scalar analogue of the average null energy condition (ANEC) for a CFT where a scalar is the lowest twist operator.
description: 13+1 pages, 3 figures, significantly modified, main result and proof are unchanged, published in Physical Review D
title: Partisan Alignment and Political Corruption: Evidence from a New Democracy
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Stöcker, Alexander
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: intergovernmental transfers
political alignment
political career concerns
local public finance
Economics
Wirtschaft
Africa
corruption

description: I analyze the link between partisan alignment of local politicians and the incidence of political corruption, using novel hand-collected data on local political corruption in Ghana. In line with political ambition theory, I hypothesize that local politicians aligned with the national government have incentives to control fiscal irregularities within their localities in order to appease their national party leaders and preserve their party’s reputation. The empirical analysis, based on 205 districts observed over the period 2013-2018, indeed suggests significantly lower levels of political corruption in aligned districts. Partisan alignment reduces corruption by 2.0 percentage points, equivalent to roughly 50 percent of the 3.9 percent mean-level of non-aligned districts. This effect is more pronounced in districts with (i) less competitive local legislative elections, (ii) better financial endowments, and (iii) female local parliamentarians. It appears that high levels of political polarization and intense party competition, as observed in Ghana, are important explanations for this finding.
MOESM1 of OncoSim and OncoWiki: an authentic learning approach to teaching cancer genomics
Creators: name: Schoenborn, Priska
name: Osborne, Richard
name: Toms, Nick
name: Johnstone, Karen
name: ChlÃ¶E Milsom
name: Muneer, Reema
name: Jarvis, Michael
name: Belshaw, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Project guide document. A student-facing document that describes the structure of the project and the tasks they need to carry out, plus guidance on writing up.
Political Economy of United States and European Union Dairy Policy Choice
Creators: name: Marchant, Mary A.
name: Neff, Steven A.
name: Xiao, Mei
name: Marchant, Mary A.
name: Neff, Steven A.
name: Xiao, Mei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agribusiness
Political Economy

description: Policy interventions in dairy markets are pervasive in industrialized countries. Resistance to domestic agricultural policy reform in the USA and the EU is partially responsible for delays in reaching a GA TT Uruguay Round agreement. We explain US and EU dairy policy choices by analyzing the influence of key domestic variables. J?mpirical results for the US price support and the EU intervention price show a dominant influence of the support (intervention) price in the previous year. US farm income, stocks, and government costs also influenced US policy-makers' choice of the price support level. In the EU, where multiple policy instruments are used, government costs influence both production and surplus disposal policies. The EU chooses dairy policies sequentially - first the farm support policies and then surplus disposal policies. The results imply that trade policy reforms will be most acceptable if farm incomes can be maintained without increasing government support expenditures.
Supersymmetric Mixed Boundary Conditions in AdS$_2$ and DCFT$_1$ Marginal Deformations
Creators: name: Correa, Diego H.
name: Giraldo-Rivera, Victor I.
name: Silva, Guillermo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider different supersymmetric mixed boundary conditions for scalar and fermionic fields in $AdS_2$, searching for the dual description of a family of interpolating Wilson Loops in ABJM theory. The family, which interpolates between the bosonic 1/6 BPS loop and the 1/2 BPS loop, can be thought of as an exact marginal deformation in a defect CFT$_1$. Confronting this property against holographic correlators and vacuum energy corrections singles out a particular boundary condition which we propose as dual to the interpolating family of Wilson loops.
description: 27 pages. v2: various sections have been expanded for clarification, typos corrected and references added. Published version in JHEP
Neural Bayes Estimators for Irregular Spatial Data Using Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Sainsbury-Dale, M
name: Zammit-Mangion, A
name: Richards, J
name: Huser, R
Publisher: name: University of Wollongong
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences
classificationCode: 3802
subject: Econometrics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
classificationCode: 4905
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Neural Bayes estimators are neural networks that approximate Bayes estimators in a fast and likelihood-free manner. Although they are appealing to use with spatial models, where estimation is often a computational bottleneck, neural Bayes estimators in spatial applications have, to date, been restricted to data collected over a regular grid. These estimators are also currently dependent on a prescribed set of spatial locations, which means that the neural network needs to be retrained for new datasets; this renders them impractical in many applications and impedes their widespread adoption. In this work, we employ graph neural networks (GNNs) to tackle the important problem of parameter point estimation from data collected over arbitrary spatial locations. In addition to extending neural Bayes estimation to irregular spatial data, the use of GNNs leads to substantial computational benefits, since the estimator can be used with any configuration or number of locations and independent replicates, thus, amortizing the cost of training for a given spatial model. We also facilitate fast uncertainty quantification by training an accompanying neural Bayes estimator that approximates a set of marginal posterior quantiles. We illustrate our methodology on Gaussian and max-stable processes. Finally, we showcase our methodology on a dataset of global sea-surface temperature, where we estimate the parameters of a Gaussian process model in 2161 spatial regions, each containing thousands of irregularly-spaced data points, in just a few minutes with a single graphics processing unit. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Land Rental Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa: Institutional Change in Customary Tenure
Creators: name: Lyne, Michael
name: Roth, Michael
name: Troutt, Betsy
name: Lyne, Michael
name: Roth, Michael
name: Troutt, Betsy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: International Development
Land Economics/Use

description: Data show that rental markets for agricultural land held under customary forms of tenure in sub-Saharan Africa are often constrained, despite potential benefits for many households. The notion that conditions necessary for land rental will emerge in response to increasing population pressure and better prospects in farming is questioned. Attention is focused on the 'supply' of institutional change and on interest groups opposed to changes in customary tenure. The implication is that farmer support programs are unlikely to realize their full potential unless they are accompanied by strategies designed to make endogenous changes in customary tenure more predictable.
High Resolution 4.7 um Keck/NIRSPEC Spectra of Protostars. II: Detection of the 13CO Isotope in Icy Grain Mantles
Creators: name: Boogert, A. C. A.
name: Blake, G. A.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high resolution (R=25,000) infrared M band spectrum of the massive protostar NGC 7538 : IRS9 shows a narrow absorption feature at 4.779 um (2092.3 cm-1) which we attribute to the vibrational stretching mode of the 13CO isotope in pure CO icy grain mantles. This is the first detection of solid 13CO in the interstellar medium. The 13CO band is a factor of 2.3 narrower than the apolar component of the 12CO band. With this in mind, we discuss the mechanisms that broaden solid state absorption bands. It is shown that ellipsoidally shaped pure CO grains fit the bands of both isotopes at the same time. Reasonable fits are also obtained by CO embedded in N2-rich ices and thermally processed O2-rich ices. In addition, we report new insights into the the nature and evolution of interstellar CO ices by comparing the high quality multi-component solid 12CO spectrum of NGC 7538 : IRS9 with that of the previously studied low mass source L1489 IRS. The narrow absorption by apolar CO ices is present in both spectra, but much stronger in NGC 7538. It is superposed on a smooth broad absorption feature well fitted by a combination of CO2 and H2O-rich laboratory CO ices. The abundances of the latter two ices relative to the total H2O ice column are the same in both sources. We thus suggest that thermal processing manifests itself as evaporation of apolar ices only, and not the formation of CO2 or polar ices. Finally, the decomposition of the 12CO band is used to derive the 12CO/13CO abundance ratio in apolar ices. A ratio of 71+/-15 is deduced, in good agreement with gas phase CO studies (~77) and the solid 12CO2/13CO2 ratio of 80+/-11 found in the same line of sight. The implications for the chemical path along which CO2 is formed are discussed.
description: 9 pages, prepared in emulateapj style. Scheduled to appear in ApJ 577 n1, 20 Sept. 2002
MOESM14 of Microbiome of vineyard soils is shaped by geography and management
Creators: name: Coller, Emanuela
name: Cestaro, Alessandro
name: Zanzotti, Roberto
name: Bertoldi, Daniela
name: Pindo, Massimo
name: Larger, Simone
name: Albanese, Davide
name: Mescalchin, Enzo
name: Donati, Claudio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 14: Table S1. Main features of sample fields (A and B). All samples were from vineyards of Adige valley in Trentino region and sampled the very same day (July the 12th of 2017). Legend. V = vineyard, P1 = grassland at 8 m from V, P2 = grassland at 16 m from V (see also Additional file 1: Figure S1). Loc. Name = Location Name, Trellis sys. = Trellis system, m asl = meters at sea level. (DOCX 15 kb)
A length-dynamic Tonks gas theory of histone isotherms
Creators: name: Chou, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We find exact solutions to a new one-dimensional (1D) interacting particle theory and apply the results to the adsorption and wrapping of polymers (such as DNA) around protein particles (such as histones). Each adsorbed protein is represented by a Tonks gas particle. The length of each particle is a degree of freedom that represents the degree of DNA wrapping around each histone. Thermodynamic quantities are computed as functions of wrapping energy, adsorbed histone density, and bulk histone concentration (or chemical potential); their experimental signatures are also discussed. Histone density is found to undergo a two-stage adsorption process as a function of chemical potential, while the mean coverage by high affinity proteins exhibits a maximum as a function of the chemical potential. However, {\it fluctuations} in the coverage are concurrently maximal. Histone-histone correlation functions are also computed and exhibit rich two length scale behavior.
description: 5 pp, 3 figs
Efficiency Effects of Institutional Factors: Limited-Resource Farms in Northeast Argentina
Creators: name: Gallagher, Marcos
name: Goetz, Stephan J.
name: Debertin, David L.
name: Gallagher, Marcos
name: Goetz, Stephan J.
name: Debertin, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Farm Management
Institutional and Behavioral Economics
International Development

description: This paper analyzes technical efficiency of limited-resource farms operating in a sub-tropical environment (Province of Misiones, Argentina). Property rights over land, the degree of market exposure and food support programmes are three institutional variables that are hypothesized to lead to departures from the production frontier. Econometric analysis indicates that market exposure and receipt of food transfers increase efficiency. No effect of land ownership is detected. We argue that slash-and-bum agricultural systems allow non-owners of land to operate as or more efficiently than landowners.
Dietary amino acids and their contribution to de novo lipogenesis
Creators: name: Charidemou, Evelina
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: De novo lipogenesis
Dietary amino acids
Metabolic syndrome

description: The alarming increase in the incidence of the metabolic syndrome is the result of the nutrition transition featuring dietary patterns high in sugars, particularly liquid carbohydrates in the form of sugary beverages, fat, and protein from red meat. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of changing the solid/liquid ratio of meals on gastric emptying as well as the effect of changing meal compositions on lipid metabolism. A 5-way crossover human study demonstrated that liquid carbohydrate was the main determinant of gastric emptying rate compared to macronutrient composition and it delayed gastric emptying of the solid fraction. In this study, the energy content of the liquid portion was not sufficient to induce de novo lipogenesis, however, the high protein meal, rich in glutamate increased de novo lipogenesis-associated triacylglycerides in plasma and liver-derived very low-density lipoprotein particles in samples from human subjects. The underlying mechanism behind this increase in lipogenesis by dietary amino acids was investigated in vitro. In hepatocytes, glutamate derived carbon was incorporated into palmitate and subsequently into triacylglycerides. In addition, supplementation with glutamate, glutamine and leucine, but not lysine increased synthesised triacylglyceride content in cells and decreased glucose uptake. Glutamate, glutamine and leucine increase activation of protein kinase B, suggesting that these amino acids induce de novo lipogenesis via the insulin signalling cascade. As dietary trends have shifted towards high carbohydrate/high fat consumption, and high-protein diets are popularised as healthier alternatives, the data herein suggest that this is a more complex consideration. Therefore, advocating the consumption of protein in the treatment of diabetes and obesity requires a more profound understanding of the role.
Predicting OCT Biological Marker Localization from Weak Annotations
Creators: name: Tejero Gamazo, Javier
name: Márquez-Neila, Pablo
name: Kurmann, Thomas
name: Gallardo, Matthias
name: Zinkernagel, Martin
name: Wolf, Sebastian
name: Sznitman, Raphael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Poster: Predicting OCT Biological Marker Localization from Weak Annotations
title: Acceptance of Data Sharing in Smartphone Apps from Key Industries of the Digital Transformation: A Representative Population Survey for Germany
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Mohr, Svenja
name: Cloos, Janis
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: digitalization
privacy
Economics
Wirtschaft
environmental attitudes
data protection
representative survey
digital transformation

description: The use of smartphone apps has numerous advantages for app providers and users. However, the users of many smartphone apps are confronted with a trade-off between usage benefits and preferences for personal data protection. We investigate the acceptability of data sharing in different hypothetical scenarios describing five types of these apps from key industries of the digital transformation. In a representative survey for the German population (?=1,013), we examine to what extent the acceptance of data sharing is influenced by potential recipients, collected information attributes, and the promoted benefits of data sharing. We differentiate the promoted benefits in two treatments according to monetary (or personal) and environmental (or public) benefits. Our results show no treatment effects but significant differences in acceptance values for different recipients and information attributes. We further observe that participants with stronger green consumption values, participants with a stronger risk propensity, men, and younger participants show a higher acceptance towards data sharing in the described scenarios.
Setup and Characteristics of a Timing Reference Signal with sub-ps Accuracy for AWAKE
Creators: name: Batsch, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a method to overcome the triggering jitter of a streak camera to obtain less noisy images of a self-modulated proton bunch over long time scales ($\sim$ 400 ps to ns) with the time resolution ($\sim$ 1 ps) of the short time scale images (73 ps). We also determine that this method, using a reference laser pulse with a variable delay, leads to the determination of the time delay between the ionizing laser pulse and the reference pulse with an error of 0.6 ps (rms).
description: EAAC2019 Conference Proceedings, 6 pages, 6 figures
Entanglement by a beam splitter: nonclassicality as a prerequisite for entanglement
Creators: name: Kim, M. S.
name: Son, W.
name: Bu{ž}ek, V.
name: Knight, P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A beam splitter is a simple, readily available device which can act to entangle the output optical fields. We show that a necessary condition for the fields at the output of the beam splitter to be entangled is that the pure input states exhibit nonclassical behavior. We generalize this proof for arbitrary (pure or impure) Gaussian input states. Specifically, nonclassicality of the input Gaussian fields is a necessary condition for entanglement of the field modes with the help of the beam splitter. We conjecture that this is a general property of the beam splitter: Nonclassicality of the inputs is a necessary condition for entangling fields in the beam splitter.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Reducing the Depth of Linear Reversible Quantum Circuits
Creators: name: de Brugière, Timothée Goubault
name: Baboulin, Marc
name: Valiron, Benoît
name: Martiel, Simon
name: Allouche, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In quantum computing the decoherence time of the qubits determines the computation time available and this time is very limited when using current hardware. In this paper we minimize the execution time (the depth) for a class of circuits referred to as linear reversible circuits, which has many applications in quantum computing (e.g., stabilizer circuits, CNOT+T circuits, etc.). We propose a practical formulation of a divide and conquer algorithm that produces quantum circuits that are twice as shallow as those produced by existing algorithms. We improve the theoretical upper bound of the depth in the worst case for some range of qubits. We also propose greedy algorithms based on cost minimization to find more optimal circuits for small or simple operators. Overall, we manage to consistently reduce the total depth of a class of reversible functions, with up to 92% savings in an ancilla-free case and up to 99% when ancillary qubits are available.
Tethocyathus variabilis Cairns 1979
Creators: name: Reyes, Javier
name: Santodomingo, Nadiezhda
name: Cairns, Stephen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Caryophylliidae
Tethocyathus
Tethocyathus variabilis

description: Tethocyathus variabilis Cairns, 1979
Figs. 2P–Q
 Tethocyathus cylindraceus Pourtalès, 1868: 134 (in part); 1871: 13 (in part); 1880: 101 (in part).
 Tethocyathus laevigatus Pourtalès, 1878: 202 (in part).
 Tethocyathus rawsonii Pourtalès, 1880: 101 (in part).
 Asterosmilia prolifera Squires, 1959: 12.
 Tethocyathus variabilis Cairns, 1979: 86–87, pl. 15, figs. 7–10— Zibrowius, 1980: 81–82, pl. 37, figs. A–N, pl. 38, figs. A–L.— Santodomingo et al., 2007: 286 (listed).
 Remarks: Colombian specimens have a thick and banded epitheca, which covers the costae. Near the calicular edge, between the epitheca and the theca, there is a narrow and deep notch. Epitheca bands disappear at 3/4 of the corallite length, showing the costae with one or two pointed granules; the shallow and wide intercostal furrows are twice the costal width. Colombian specimen was identified as T. variabilis because of their thick epitheca and their well defined palar crown before S2. Cairns (1979: 86) description read as “S1 and S4 are straight, but lower inner edges of S2 and S3 have numerous undulations in the proximity of the columella”, however Colombian specimen showed a serrated S3–S4 axial septal edge resembling T. rawsonii. In spite of this similarity to T. rawsonii, T. variabilis differs in the palar arrangement (one P2), the epitheca type and the junction of the inferior-superior septa throughout their paliform lobes. Colombian specimen exhibits the septa joined to the columella only in the deep fossa.
 Distribution: Antillean distribution, also in Yucatan channel; 250–576 m (Cairns 1979). Eastern Atlantic, off the western Sahara coast and Azores; 250–860m depth (Zibrowius 1980). In Colombia, one specimen was collected off San Bernardo Islands at 106 m depth. This is the first record for Colombia, and it extends the bathymetrical range of the species from the upper slope up to the continental shelf.
 Material: INV CNI2739, 1 specimen, D38.
description: Published as part of Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Cairns, Stephen, 2009, Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2262 (1) on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306371