cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Protocol for Isolation, Purification, Characterization, and Functional Dissection of Exosomes.
Creators: name: Rai, Alin
name: Fang, Haoyun
name: Fatmous, Monique
name: Claridge, Bethany
name: Poh, Qi Hui
name: Simpson, Richard
name: Greening, David
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024

description: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles released by cells. They carry proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites which can be transferred to a recipient cell, locally or at a distance, to elicit a functional response. Since their discovery over 30 years ago, the functional repertoire of EVs in both physiological (e.g., organ morphogenesis, embryo implantation) and pathological (e.g., cancer, neurodegeneration) conditions has cemented their crucial role in intercellular communication. Moreover, because the cargo encapsulated within circulating EVs remains protected from degradation, their diagnostic as well as therapeutic (such as drug delivery tool) applications have garnered vested interest. Global efforts have been made to purify EV subtypes from biological fluids and in vitro cell culture media using a variety of strategies and techniques, with a major focus on EVs of endocytic origin called exosomes (30-150 nm in size). Given that the secretome comprises of soluble secreted proteins, protein aggregates, RNA granules, and EV subtypes (such as exosomes, shed microvesicles, apoptotic bodies), it is imperative to purify exosomes to homogeneity if we are to perform biochemical and biophysical characterization and, importantly, functional dissection. Besides understanding the composition of EV subtypes, defining molecular bias of how they reprogram target cells also remains of paramount importance in this area of active research. Here, we outline a systematic "how to" protocol (along with useful insights/tips) to obtain highly purified exosomes and perform their biophysical and biochemical characterization. This protocol employs a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to characterize the protein composition of exosomes. We also provide insights on different isolation strategies and their usefulness in various downstream applications. We outline protocols for lipophilic labeling of exosomes to study uptake by a recipient cell, investigating cellular reprogramming using proteomics and studying functional response to exosomes in the Transwell-Matrigel™ Invasion assay.
Intrinsically accurate sensing with an optomechanical accelerometer
Creators: name: Reschovsky, Benjamin J.
name: Long, David A.
name: Zhou, Feng
name: Bao, Yiliang
name: Allen, Richard A.
name: LeBrun, Thomas W.
name: Gorman, Jason J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a microfabricated optomechanical accelerometer that is capable of percent-level accuracy without external calibration. To achieve this capability, we use a mechanical model of the device behavior that can be characterized by the thermal noise response along with an optical frequency comb readout method that enables high sensitivity, high bandwidth, high dynamic range, and SI-traceable displacement measurements. The resulting intrinsic accuracy was evaluated over a wide frequency range by comparing to a primary vibration calibration system and local gravity. The average agreement was found to be 2.1 % for the calibration system between 0.1 kHz and 15 kHz and better than 0.2 % for the static acceleration. This capability has the potential to replace costly external calibrations and improve the accuracy of inertial guidance systems and remotely deployed accelerometers. Due to the fundamental nature of the intrinsic accuracy approach, it could be extended to other optomechanical transducers, including force and pressure sensors.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
PBTK model-based analysis of CYP3A4 induction and the toxicokinetics of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine in man
Creators: name: Lehmann, Anja
name: Geburek, Ina
name: Hessel-Pras, Stefanie
name: Enge, Anne-Margarethe
name: Mielke, Hans
name: Müller-Graf, Christine
name: Kloft, Charlotte
name: Hethey, Christoph
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: PBPK model
subject: Drug–drug interaction
subject: Enzyme induction
subject: Bioactivation
subject: Rifampicin
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 induction by drugs and pesticides plays a critical role in the enhancement of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) toxicity as it leads to increased formation of hepatotoxic dehydro-PA metabolites. Addressing the need for a quantitative analysis of this interaction, we developed a physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model. Specifically, the model describes the impact of the well-characterized CYP3A4 inducer rifampicin on the kinetics of retrorsine, which is a prototypic PA and contaminant in herbal teas. Based on consumption data, the kinetics after daily intake of retrorsine were simulated with concomitant rifampicin treatment. Strongest impact on retrorsine kinetics (plasma AUC24 and Cmax reduced to 67% and 74% compared to the rifampicin-free reference) was predicted directly after withdrawal of rifampicin. At this time point, the competitive inhibitory effect of rifampicin stopped, while CYP3A4 induction was still near its maximum. Due to the impacted metabolism kinetics, the cumulative formation of intestinal retrorsine CYP3A4 metabolites increased to 254% (from 10 to 25 nmol), while the cumulative formation of hepatic CYP3A4 metabolites was not affected (57 nmol). Return to baseline PA toxicokinetics was predicted 14 days after stop of a 14-day rifampicin treatment. In conclusion, the PBTK model showed to be a promising tool to assess the dynamic interplay of enzyme induction and toxification pathways.
A new paradigm to do and understand the race analyses in swimming: The application of convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Elipot, Marc
name: Corones, Jess
name: Hall, Ashley
name: Victor, Brandon
name: Langer, Matthias
name: Morgan, Stuart
name: He, Zhen
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise

description: No description supplied
title: Newsletter: Reston Letter, Vol. 2 No. 1, May , 1964
Creators: name: Reston Letter
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Reston (Va.)

description: Textual: newsletter, original; 11” x 8.5” (27.9 cm x 21.6 cm)
description: Reston Letter Vol. 2 No. 1 dated May 1964. In this issue of the Reston Letter, the participation of Gulf Oil in the development of Reston, Virginia is discussed. This newsletter contains discussions about the construction and various mentions of Reston in print as well. Also, an article, entitled "Suburbia Twist: A City Rises for People Who Vary," from the National Observer is also included with this newsletter. Planned Community Archives Collection, rm04.10
Fish shipment related contracts, bills of lading and other records
Creators: name: Yip Sang Company
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Contracts for supplying canned fish, bills of lading and receipts for freight charges for shipping fish, insurance and freight contracts, promissory notes, weighers and samplers certificates, workman's application for compensation, and other related records. Parties include Tong Tak Tai, Dodwell and Company, N. Y. K. Line (Nippon Yusen Kaisha), The American Mail Line, Java Pacific Line, and Queen Insurance Company of America.
Lifting C Semantics for Dataflow Optimization
Creators: name: Calotoiu, Alexandru
name: Ben-Nun, Tal
name: Kwasniewski, Grzegorz
name: Licht, Johannes de Fine
name: Schneider, Timo
name: Schaad, Philipp
name: Hoefler, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: C is the lingua franca of programming and almost any device can be programmed using C. However, programming mod-ern heterogeneous architectures such as multi-core CPUs and GPUs requires explicitly expressing parallelism as well as device-specific properties such as memory hierarchies. The resulting code is often hard to understand, debug, and modify for different architectures. We propose to lift C programs to a parametric dataflow representation that lends itself to static data-centric analysis and enables automatic high-performance code generation. We separate writing code from optimizing for different hardware: simple, portable C source code is used to generate efficient specialized versions with a click of a button. Our approach can identify parallelism when no other compiler can, and outperforms a bespoke parallelized version of a scientific proxy application by up to 21%.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Aptasensors for Detection of Clinical and Veterinary Drugs
Creators: name: Naseri, Masoomeh
name: Niazi, Ali
name: Yazdanipour, Atisa
name: Bagherzadeh, Kowsar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Nowadays, aptamer-based biosensors and electrochemical measurements represent one of the efficient tools for the detection of drugs in both medical and veterinary. Precise trace values analysis of chemicals, especially drugs, plays a crucial role in food and therapeutic safety evaluations that are often time-consuming and costly. Ultimately, accurate determination of therapeutic medications like antibiotics in food, environmental resources, and biological matrices is very important for protecting public health and drug monitoring (TDM) for effective treatment. This review highlights recent advancements in electrochemical aptasensors as an innovative approach offering high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid detection of clinical and veterinary drugs at lower costs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements and discuss the challenges and prospects of electrochemical aptasensing in drug residue detection across various samples.
A new paradigm to do and understand the race analyses in swimming: The application of convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Elipot, Marc
name: Corones, Jess
name: Hall, Ashley
name: Victor, Brandon
name: Langer, Matthias
name: Morgan, Stuart
name: He, Zhen
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: No description supplied
A new paradigm to do and understand the race analyses in swimming: The application of convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Elipot, Marc
name: Corones, Jess
name: Hall, Ashley
name: Victor, Brandon
name: Langer, Matthias
name: Morgan, Stuart
name: He, Zhen
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: No description supplied
The effect of behaviour change interventions on changes in physical activity and anthropometrics in ambulatory hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Barrett, Stephen
name: Begg, Stephen
name: O'Halloran, Paul
name: Howlett, Owen
name: Lawrence, Jack
name: Kingsley, Michael
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3210
subject: Nutrition and dietetics
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4202
subject: Epidemiology
classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health
classificationCode: 4207
subject: Sports science and exercise

description: © 2021, The Author(s). Background: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether behaviour change interventions promote changes in physical activity and anthropometrics (body mass, body mass index and waist circumference) in ambulatory hospital populations. Methods: Randomised controlled trials were collected from five bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and PsycINFO). Meta-analyses were conducted using change scores from baseline to determine mean differences (MD), standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence. Results: A total of 29 studies met the eligibility criteria and 21 were included in meta-analyses. Behaviour change interventions significantly increased physical activity (SMD: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.53 to 2.07, p < 0.01), and resulted in significant reductions in body mass (MD: -2.74; 95% CI: − 4.42 to − 1.07, p < 0.01), body mass index (MD: -0.99; 95% CI: − 1.48 to − 0.50, p < 0.01) and waist circumference (MD: -2.21; 95% CI: − 4.01 to − 0.42, p = 0.02). The GRADE assessment indicated that the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of behaviour change interventions on changes in physical activity and anthropometrics in ambulatory hospital patients. Conclusions: Behaviour change interventions initiated in the ambulatory hospital setting significantly increased physical activity and significantly reduced body mass, body mass index and waist circumference. Increased clarity in interventions definitions and assessments of treatment fidelity are factors that need attention in future research. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020172140.
Universal properties of dissipative Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids: Case study of a non-Hermitian XXZ spin chain
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Kazuki
name: Nakagawa, Masaya
name: Tezuka, Masaki
name: Ueda, Masahito
name: Kawakami, Norio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the universal properties of dissipative Tomonaga-Luttinger (TL) liquids by calculating correlation functions and performing finite-size scaling analysis of a non-Hermitian XXZ spin chain as a prototypical model in one-dimensional open quantum many-body systems. Our analytic calculation is based on effective field theory with bosonization, finite-size scaling approach in conformal field theory, and the Bethe-ansatz solution. Our numerical analysis is based on the density-matrix renormalization group generalized to non-Hermitian systems (NH-DMRG). We uncover that the model in the massless regime with weak dissipation belongs to the universality class characterized by the complex-valued TL parameter, which is related to the complex generalization of the $c=1$ conformal field theory. As the dissipation strength increases, the values of the TL parameter obtained by the NH-DMRG begin to deviate from those obtained by the Bethe-ansatz analysis, indicating that the model becomes massive for strong dissipation. Our results can be tested with the two-component Bose-Hubbard system of ultracold atoms subject to two-body loss.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. B
The effect of behaviour change interventions on changes in physical activity and anthropometrics in ambulatory hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Barrett, Stephen
name: Begg, Stephen
name: O'Halloran, Paul
name: Howlett, Owen
name: J Lawrence
name: Kingsley, Michael
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: © 2021, The Author(s). Background: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether behaviour change interventions promote changes in physical activity and anthropometrics (body mass, body mass index and waist circumference) in ambulatory hospital populations. Methods: Randomised controlled trials were collected from five bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and PsycINFO). Meta-analyses were conducted using change scores from baseline to determine mean differences (MD), standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence. Results: A total of 29 studies met the eligibility criteria and 21 were included in meta-analyses. Behaviour change interventions significantly increased physical activity (SMD: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.53 to 2.07, p < 0.01), and resulted in significant reductions in body mass (MD: -2.74; 95% CI: − 4.42 to − 1.07, p < 0.01), body mass index (MD: -0.99; 95% CI: − 1.48 to − 0.50, p < 0.01) and waist circumference (MD: -2.21; 95% CI: − 4.01 to − 0.42, p = 0.02). The GRADE assessment indicated that the evidence is very uncertain about the effect of behaviour change interventions on changes in physical activity and anthropometrics in ambulatory hospital patients. Conclusions: Behaviour change interventions initiated in the ambulatory hospital setting significantly increased physical activity and significantly reduced body mass, body mass index and waist circumference. Increased clarity in interventions definitions and assessments of treatment fidelity are factors that need attention in future research. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020172140.
What's knot to like? Observation of a linked loop quantum state
Creators: name: Belopolski, Ilya
name: Chang, Guoqing
name: Cochran, Tyler A.
name: Cheng, Zi-Jia
name: Yang, Xian P.
name: Hugelmeyer, Cole
name: Manna, Kaustuv
name: Yin, Jia-Xin
name: Cheng, Guangming
name: Multer, Daniel
name: Litskevich, Maksim
name: Shumiya, Nana
name: Zhang, Songtian S.
name: Shekhar, Chandra
name: Schröter, Niels B. M.
name: Chikina, Alla
name: Polley, Craig
name: Thiagarajan, Balasubramanian
name: Leandersson, Mats
name: Adell, Johan
name: Huang, Shin-Ming
name: Yao, Nan
name: Strocov, Vladimir N.
name: Felser, Claudia
name: Hasan, M. Zahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum phases can be classified by topological invariants, which take on discrete values capturing global information about the quantum state. Over the past decades, these invariants have come to play a central role in describing matter, providing the foundation for understanding superfluids, magnets, the quantum Hall effect, topological insulators, Weyl semimetals and other phenomena. Here we report a remarkable linking number (knot theory) invariant associated with loops of electronic band crossings in a mirror-symmetric ferromagnet. Using state-of-the-art spectroscopic methods, we directly observe three intertwined degeneracy loops in the material's bulk Brillouin zone three-torus, $\mathbb{T}^3$. We find that each loop links each other loop twice. Through systematic spectroscopic investigation of this linked loop quantum state, we explicitly draw its link diagram and conclude, in analogy with knot theory, that it exhibits linking number $(2,2,2)$, providing a direct determination of the invariant structure from the experimental data. On the surface of our samples, we further predict and observe Seifert boundary states protected by the bulk linked loops, suggestive of a remarkable Seifert bulk-boundary correspondence. Our observation of a quantum loop link motivates the application of knot theory to the exploration of exotic properties of quantum matter.
description: See popular summary at https://research.princeton.edu/news/electrons-crystal-exhibit-linked-and-knotted-quantum-twists
Parametric Analysis of Donor Activation for Glycosylation Reactions
Creators: name: Lin, Mei-Huei
name: Kuo, Yan-Ting
name: Danglad-Flores, José
name: Sletten, Eric T.
name: Seeberger, Peter H.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Carbohydrates
subject: Glycosylations
subject: Thioglycoside
subject: Protecting groups
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The chemical synthesis of complex oligosaccharides relies on efficient and highly reproducible glycosylation reactions. The outcome of a glycosylation is contingent upon several environmental factors, such as temperature, acidity, the presence of residual moisture, as well as the steric, electronic, and conformational aspects of the reactants. Each glycosylation proceeds rapidly and with a high yield within a rather narrow temperature range. For better control over glycosylations and to ensure fast and reliable reactions, a systematic analysis of 18 glycosyl donors revealed the effect of reagent concentration, water content, protecting groups, and structure of the glycosyl donors on the activation temperature. With these insights, we parametrize the first step of the glycosylation reaction to be executed reliably and efficiently.
A cross-species test of the function of cuticular traits in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Creators: name: Buxton, James
name: Robert, Kylie
name: Marshall, Alan
name: Dutka, Travis
name: Gibb, Heloise
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3109
subject: Zoology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: No description supplied
Banff Highland Gathering and Scottish Music Festival, Aug. 20 - Sept. 2, 1929, Banff Springs Hotel
Creators: name: Canadian Pacific Railway Company. Canadian Pacific Hotels. Banff Springs Hotel
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Pamphlet describing the Highland Gathering at the Banff Springs Hotel on Aug. 30 - Sept. 2, 1929, and the rules for competitors.
title: “We’re Just Not Blended Yet”: The Case of Latino Day Labor in Prince William County
Creators: name: Pierson, Leo J
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Immigration
subject: Globalization
subject: Day Labor
subject: Inequality
subject: Nativism

description: When communities enact bans or tighten restrictions, and increase the level of enforcement against their local immigrant population, it becomes increasingly risky for immigrant day laborers to make themselves visible in public settings (Claffey 2006; Cleaveland & Pierson 2008; Jonas 2006). This report examines how jornaleros, as legally vulnerable labor market participants and socially marginalized residents of Prince William County (PWC), strive to attract gainful employment and economic advantage for the families they have left behind. The principal research question asks the following: Constrained by their dialectical relationship with anti-immigrant communities, how do we begin to understand the social role that jornaleros play in their struggles to publicly engage juridically private space? Based on my past year of ethnographic fieldwork among both native citizens and immigrant day laborers in PWC, I describe in this paper how the hostility of nativist, anti-immigrant sentiments transitions into active aggression against Prince William’s jornalero community. I then show how these jornaleros, many of whom are undocumented, develop nuanced tactics (De Certeau 1984), sometimes working collectively, for balancing the opportunities and threats that their visibility generates within this social context.
The role of emotion dysregulation in eating disorders among adolescents
Creators: name: Trompeter, Nora
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Emotion dysregulation refers to difficulties individuals experience controlling and processing their emotional experiences. Such difficulties are linked to a range of mental disorders, including eating disorders. Adolescence is a key developmental period that is characterised by both more intense emotional experiences and increased eating disorder symptoms, positioning emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development and maintenance of eating pathology. Study one reviews how research on emotion dysregulation prior to this thesis fits within the CBT-E model and provides avenues for future research regarding the interplay of emotion dysregulation and eating disorder pathology. Study two examines how adolescents in treatment for an eating disorder report more severe eating disorder symptoms compared to adolescents not receiving treatment, despite similar levels of general psychological distress. Study three focuses on differences in associations between eating disorder diagnostic groups and emotion dysregulation domains among high school students. Findings showed that emotion dysregulation is particularly related to binge eating and fasting, and evident across diagnostic groups. Study four examines whether emotion dysregulation and weight and shape concerns interact in their association with concurrent eating disorder behaviours. While it was hypothesised that emotion dysregulation would amplify the role of weight and shape concerns in predicting eating pathology, there was no evidence for moderation; rather, both these factors had additive relationships with eating disorder behaviours. Study five extends this finding longitudinally to show that emotion dysregulation predicted an increased probability of engaging in binge eating and fasting one year later, controlling for weight and shape concerns. Collectively, these studies indicate that emotion dysregulation is a key transdiagnostic factor in eating pathology among adolescents that is implicated in both the onset and maintenance of these problems.
Consumer experiences of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in regional Australia: A mixed methods study and logic model to identify consumer-experience mechanisms to avoid hospital and enhance outcomes
Creators: name: Moran, Anna
name: Chapman, Glenda
name: Picard, Ronald
name: Chapman, Janet
name: Squire, Sally
name: Guinever Threlkeld
name: Blackberry, Irene
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: No description supplied
OILA TARBIYASI VA MA'NAVIY QADRIYATLAR
Creators: name: Karimov Firdavs Sherali o'g'li  Muhammad al-Xorazmiy nomidagi Toshkent axborot texnologiyalari unversiteti  Samarqand filiali
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada oila tarbiyasining inson ma’naviyati va jamiyatdagi qadriyatlar tizimidagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Oila — jamiyatning negizi bo‘lib, uning sog‘lom shakllanishi farzand tarbiyasi, axloqiy yetuklik va madaniy merosni avloddan avlodga yetkazish bilan chambarchas bog‘liq. Maqolada milliy va diniy qadriyatlar asosidagi tarbiya masalalari, globallashuv davrida oila institutining holati va uni mustahkamlash vositalari yoritiladi.
Migrant teachers in the classroom: a key to reduce ethnic disadvantages in school?
Creators: name: Neugebauer, Martin
name: Klein, Oliver
name: Jacob, Marita
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ethnic disadvantage
subject: education
subject: migrant teachers
subject: language competence scores
subject: teacher diversity
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: The educational disadvantages of migrant students are a persistent problem in many Western countries. Against this background, policymakers often call for more diversity in the teacher workforce, arguing that migrant students might benefit from being taught by migrant teachers. Despite the popularity of this claim, there is almost no research-based rationale for increasing the diversity of teachers in Europe. This paper is a step toward filling this research gap for Germany, aiming to assess whether migrant teachers reduce ethnic educational disadvantages. Our analyses are based on a nationally representative large-scale assessment of ninth graders that provides information on the migration status of both students and teachers, with achievement tests and teacher-assigned grades in German as dependent variables. The results run contrary to widely held expectations, indicating little evidence that migrant students benefit from being taught by migrant teachers.
Forest canopy mortality during the 2018-2020 summer drought years in Central Europe: The application of a deep learning approach on aerial images across Luxembourg
Creators: name: Schwarz, Selina
name: Werner, Christian
name: Fassnacht, Fabian Ewald
name: Ruehr, Nadine K.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: tree canopy mortality
subject: monitoring
subject: deep learning
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Efficient monitoring of tree canopy mortality requires data that cover large areas and capture changes over time while being precise enough to detect changes at the canopy level. In the development of automated approaches, aerial images represent an under-exploited scale between high-resolution drone images and satellite data. Our aim herein was to use a deep learning model to automatically detect canopy mortality from high-resolution aerial images after severe drought events in the summers 2018–2020 in Luxembourg. We analysed canopy mortality for the years 2017–2020 using the EfficientUNet++, a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network. Training data were acquired for the years 2017 and 2019 only, in order to test the robustness of the model for years with no reference data. We found a severe increase in canopy mortality from 0.64 km2 in 2017 to 7.49 km2 in 2020, with conifers being affected at a much higher rate than broadleaf trees. The model was able to classify canopy mortality with an F1-score of 66%–71% and we found that for years without training data, we were able to transfer the model trained on other years to predict canopy mortality, if illumination conditions did not deviate severely. We conclude that aerial images hold much potential for automated regular monitoring of canopy mortality over large areas at canopy level when analysed with deep learning approaches. We consider the suggested approach a cost-efficient and -effective alternative to drone and field-based sampling.
Effects of Caffeine on Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis and Metabolic Homeostasis: A Review
Creators: name: Schaik, John Van
name: Kettle, Christine
name: Green, Rodney
name: Irving, Helen
name: JA Rathner
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: © Copyright © 2021 Van Schaik, Kettle, Green, Irving and Rathner. The impact of brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism on understanding energy balance in humans is a relatively new and exciting field of research. The pathogenesis of obesity can be largely explained by an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, but the underlying mechanisms are far more complex. Traditional non-selective sympathetic activators have been used to artificially elevate energy utilization, or suppress appetite, however undesirable side effects are apparent with the use of these pharmacological interventions. Understanding the role of BAT, in relation to human energy homeostasis has the potential to dramatically offset the energy imbalance associated with obesity. This review discusses paradoxical effects of caffeine on peripheral adenosine receptors and the possible role of adenosine in increasing metabolism is highlighted, with consideration to the potential of central rather than peripheral mechanisms for caffeine mediated BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Research on the complex physiology of adipose tissue, the embryonic lineage and function of the different types of adipocytes is summarized. In addition, the effect of BAT on overall human metabolism and the extent of the associated increase in energy expenditure are discussed. The controversy surrounding the primary β-adrenoceptor involved in human BAT activation is examined, and suggestions as to the lack of translational findings from animal to human physiology and human in vitro to in vivo models are provided. This review compares and distinguishes human and rodent BAT effects, thus developing an understanding of human BAT thermogenesis to aid lifestyle interventions targeting obesity and metabolic syndrome. The focus of this review is on the effect of BAT thermogenesis on overall metabolism, and the potential therapeutic effects of caffeine in increasing metabolism via its effects on BAT.
Adding household surveys to the behavioral economics toolbox: insights from the SOEP innovation sample
Creators: name: Fischbacher, Urs
name: Neyse, Levent
name: Richter, David
name: Schröder, Carsten
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Experiments
subject: Household survey
subject: Panel study
subject: Economic methods
subject: Economic preferences
subject: Behavioral economics
subject: SOEP
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: While laboratory and field experiments are the major items in the toolbox of behavioral economists, household panel studies can complement them and expand their research potential. We introduce the German Socio-Economic Panel’s Innovation Sample (SOEP-IS), which offers researchers detailed panel data and the possibility to collect personalized experimental and survey data for free. We discuss what SOEP-IS can offer to behavioral economists and illustrate a set of design ideas with examples. Although we build our discussion on SOEP-IS, our purpose is to provide a guide that can be generalized to other household panel studies as well.
Non-Abelian operation through scattering between chiral Dirac edge modes
Creators: name: Lin, Zhi-Xing
name: Wu, Yijia
name: Xie, X. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically demonstrate that non-Abelian braiding operation can be realized through the scattering between chiral Dirac edge modes (CDEMs) in quantum anomalous Hall insulators by analytically deriving its S-matrix. Based on the analytical model, we propose a viable device for the experimental realization and detection of the non-Abelian braiding operations. Through investigating the tunneling conductance in a discretized lattice model, the non-Abelian properties of CDEMs could also be verified in a numerical way. Our proposal for the CDEM-based braiding provides a new avenue for realizing topologically protected quantum gates.
Meditationsbasierte Lebensstilmodifikation: Ein Mind-Body-Programm für stressassoziierte Erkrankungen in Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie
Creators: name: Bringmann, Holger Carl
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Psychotherapy
subject: Meditation
subject: Yoga
subject: Mantra
subject: Psychiatry
subject: Psychosomatic
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Psychische Gesundheit stellt eine der zentralen Herausforderungen für das Gesundheitssystem des 21. Jahrhunderts dar. Vor dem Hintergrund global hoher Prävalenzraten psychischer Erkrankungen und zugleich ungedecktem Behandlungsbedarf, gepaart mit Limitationen hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von psychopharmakologischen Interventionen, wird deutlich, dass weiterer Bedarf an wirksameren, sichereren, erschwinglicheren und leichter zugänglichen Therapieansätzen besteht. In diesem Zusammenhang hat auch die Integrative Medizin ihren Einzug in Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie gehalten und wird von Patient:innen entsprechend stark nachgefragt. Der Mind-Body-Medizin kommt hierbei eine besondere Rolle zu, bei der durch multimodale Interventionen körperliche, mentale, emotionale, soziale und spirituelle Einflussfaktoren zur mehrdimensionalen Förderung einer individuellen gesundheitlichen Lebensstilgestaltung zum Tragen kommen. Insbesondere achtsamkeitsbasierte Therapieansätze und körperorientiertes Yoga sind inzwischen wissenschaftlich gut untersucht und die Wirkung insgesamt zunehmend gut belegt. Seit einigen Jahren zeichnet sich die Entwicklung einer zweiten Generation von achtsamkeitsbasierten Interventionen ab, die über die bisherige Dekontextualisierung und Säkularisierung traditioneller fernöstlicher Praktiken hinaus gehen und gezielt ethische und spirituelle Inhalte der entsprechenden Interventionen thematisieren. In diesem Kontext ist auch die in dieser Arbeit präsentierte, auf traditionellem Yoga basierende Meditation Based Lifestyle Modification (MBLM) einzuordnen. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen ihre positiven Effekte bei gesunden Menschen sowie in den Indikationen leichte bis mittelgradige Depression und chronische Schmerzerkrankungen unterschiedlicher Genese. Der ethischen Komponente des Programms kommt dabei angesichts der quantitativen und qualitativen Ergebnisse eine besondere Rolle zu. Für die flächendeckendere Anwendung bzw. Verbreitung bereits gut untersuchter Mind- Body-Interventionen der ersten Generation sind Methoden der Versorgungsforschung auch in den Bereichen Präventionen und Gesundheitserhaltung zunehmend relevant. Für eine weitere Erforschung der vielversprechenden Interventionen der zweiten Generation sind sowohl Grundlagenforschung zur Untersuchung von spezifischen bzw. unspezifischen Effekten der jeweiligen Intervention als auch die weitere klinische Forschung und Versorgungsforschung unter der Einbeziehung von modernen Studiendesigns mit einem Mixed-Methods-Ansätzen und unter der Beachtung eines Whole-Medical Research Ansatzes relevant, um zu weiterführenden Erkenntnissen zu gelangen.
Dysregulated provision of oxidisable substrates to the mitochondria in me/cfs lymphoblasts
Creators: name: Missailidis, Daniel
name: Sanislav, Oana
name: Allan, Claire
name: PK Smith
name: Annesley, Sarah
name: Fisher, Paul
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Although understanding of the biomedical basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is growing, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain uncertain. We recently reported a reduction in the proportion of basal oxygen consumption due to ATP synthesis by Complex V in ME/CFS patient-derived lymphoblast cell lines, suggesting mitochondrial respiratory inefficiency. This was accompanied by elevated respiratory capacity, elevated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling activity and elevated expression of enzymes involved in the TCA cycle, fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial transport. These and other observations led us to hypothesise the dysregulation of pathways providing the mitochondria with oxidisable substrates. In our current study, we aimed to revisit this hypothesis by applying a combination of whole-cell transcriptomics, proteomics and energy stress signaling activity measures using subsets of up to 34 ME/CFS and 31 healthy control lymphoblast cell lines from our growing library. While levels of glycolytic enzymes were unchanged in accordance with our previous observations of unaltered glycolytic rates, the whole-cell proteomes of ME/CFS lymphoblasts contained elevated levels of enzymes involved in the TCA cycle (p = 1.03 × 10 ), the pentose phosphate pathway (p = 0.034, G6PD p = 5.5 × 10 ), mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (p = 9.2 × 10 ), and degradation of amino acids including glutamine/glutamate (GLS p = 0.034, GLUD1 p = 0.048, GOT2 p = 0.026), branched-chain amino acids (BCKDHA p = 0.028, BCKDHB p = 0.031) and essential amino acids (FAH p = 0.036, GCDH p = 0.006). The activity of the major cellular energy stress sensor, AMPK, was elevated but the increase did not reach statistical significance. The results suggest that ME/CFS metabolism is dysregulated such that alternatives to glycolysis are more heavily utilised than in controls to provide the mitochondria with oxidisable substrates. −4 −4 −3
Retention modeling of therapeutic peptides in sub-/supercritical fluid chromatography
Creators: name: Neumann, Jonas
name: Schmidtsdorff, Sebastian
name: Schmidt, Alexander H.
name: Parr, Maria K.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: chromatographic modeling
subject: retention time prediction
subject: ternary composition
subject: therapeutic peptides
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Chromatographic modeling software packages are valuable tools during method optimization steps. These are well established for reversed-phase applications utilizing retention time (RT) prediction to optimize separations and receive robust methods, which is of high interest for the analysis of pharmaceuticals. In contrast to liquid chromatography, the knowledge of RT prediction in supercritical fluid chromatography is limited to a manageable number of studies. This study uses the software DryLab to predict the RTs of the peptides bacitracin (Bac), colistin, tyrothricin (Tyro), and insulin analogs. Gradient time, column temperature, and the ternary composition (terC) of carbon dioxide, methanol (MeOH), and acetonitrile (ACN) in the gradient elution are varied in a feasibility approach using a neutral (Viridis BEH) and an amino-derivatized aromatic (Torus 2-PIC) stationary phase. In the second part, chromatographic optimization is performed in silico through gradient adjustments to optimize the separation of the fingerprint of Bac. The final gradient method utilizes a Viridis BEH column (100 × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm), carbon dioxide, and a modifier consisting of ACN/MeOH/water/methanesulfonic acid (60:40:2:0.1, v:v:v:v). In addition, changes in the retention order of Tyro compounds with the proportion of the terC in combination with a Torus Diol column are investigated.
State Sovereignty and the Protection of Human Rights. How Military Humanitarian Intervention is Supported by Citizens Around the World
Creators: name: Gerhards, Jürgen
name: Antoine, Lukas
name: Ollroge, Rasmus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: World society theory
subject: modernization theory
subject: humanitarian military intervention
subject: attitudes
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: According to international law, the sovereignty of nation-states and the rights of individuals constitute two equally important principles. However, in instances when a state massively violates human rights, then priority is given to the protection of individuals over the self-determination of the state, thereby justifying humanitarian military intervention. This paper presents findings from a survey across 26 countries, analyzing citizen support for such intervention. We find that the majority of respondents supports military intervention to protect human rights. To explain the differences in support, we draw on world society theory and modernization theory. At first sight, world society theory offers a better framework for understanding citizens' attitudes towards military intervention. However, charcateristics derived from modernization theory are affected by a “suppression effect:” individuals living in more modernized countries and holding postmaterialist values endorse enforcing human rights but concurrently reject the use of military force.
Temporal Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Neuroblastoma Cells Treated with Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Highlights the Anti-Proliferative Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Creators: name: Hewafonsekage Fonseka
name: Taeyoung Kang
name: S Chee
name: Chitti, Sai Vara Prasad
name: Sanwlani, Rahul
name: CS Ang
name: Mathivanan, Suresh
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a pediatric cancer that accounts for 15% of childhood cancer mortality. Amplification of the oncogene N-Myc occurs in 20% of NBL patients and is considered high risk as it correlates with aggressiveness, treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Even though the treatment strategies have improved in the recent years, the survival rate of high-risk NBL patients remain poor. Hence, it is crucial to explore new therapeutic avenues to sensitise NBL. Recently, bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have been proposed to contain anti-cancer properties. However, the impact of MEVs on NBL cells is not understood. In this study, we characterised MEVs using Western blotting, NTA and TEM. Importantly, treatment of NBL cells with MEVs decreased the proliferation and increased the sensitivity of NBL cells to doxorubicin. Temporal label-free quantitative proteomics of NBL cells highlighted the depletion of proteins involved in cell metabolism, cell growth and Wnt signalling upon treatment with MEVs. Furthermore, proteins implicated in cellular senescence and apoptosis were enriched in NBL cells treated with MEVs. For the first time, this study highlights the temporal proteomic profile that occurs in cancer cells upon MEVs treatment.
Estimating regional unemployment with mobile network data for Functional Urban Areas in Germany
Creators: name: Hadam, Sandra
name: Würz, Nora
name: Kreutzmann, Ann-Kristin
name: Schmid, Timo
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Bias correction
subject: Fay–Herriot model
subject: Mean squared error
subject: Small area estimation
subject: Unemployment rates
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: The ongoing growth of cities due to better job opportunities is leading to increased labour-related commuter flows in several countries. On the one hand, an increasing number of people commute and move to the cities, but on the other hand, the labour market indicates higher unemployment rates in urban areas than in the surrounding areas. We investigate this phenomenon on regional level by an alternative definition of unemployment rates in which commuting behaviour is integrated. We combine data from the Labour Force Survey with dynamic mobile network data by small area models for the federal state North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. From a methodical perspective, we use a transformed Fay–Herriot model with bias correction for the estimation of unemployment rates and propose a parametric bootstrap for the mean squared error estimation that includes the bias correction. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated in a case study based on official data and in model-based simulations. The results in the application show that unemployment rates (adjusted by commuters) in German cities are lower than traditional official unemployment rates indicate.