cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two-temperature Steady State Thermodynamics for a Radiation Field
Creators: name: Saida, Hiromi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A candidate for a consistent steady state thermodynamics is constructed for a radiation field in vacuum sandwiched by two black bodies of different temperatures. Because of the collisionless nature of photons, a steady state of a radiation field is completely determined by the temperatures of the two black bodies. Then the zeroth, first, second and third laws can be extended to steady states, where the idea of local steady states plays an important role for the system whose geometrical shape is anisotropic and inhomogeneous. The thermodynamic formalism presented in this paper does not include an energy flux as a state variable. This is consistent with the notable conclusion by "C. Essex, Adv. Thermodyn. 3 (1990) 435; Planet. Space. Sci. 32 (1984) 1035" that, contrary to the success in the irreversible thermodynamics for dissipative systems, a nonequilibrium radiation field does not obey the bilinear formalism of the entropy production rate using an energy flux and its conjugate force. Though the formalism given in this paper may be unique to a radiation field, a nonequilibrium order parameter of steady states of a radiation field is explicitly defined. This order parameter denotes that the geometrical shape of the system determines how a steady state is far from an equilibrium. The higher the geometrical symmetry is, the more distant the steady state is.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures. accepted for publication in Physica A
Many-region vacuum entanglement: Distilling a W state
Creators: name: Silman, J.
name: Reznik, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the correlations between any number of arbitrarily far-apart regions of the vacuum of the free Klein-Gordon field by means of its finite duration coupling to an equal number of localized detectors. We show that the correlations between any N such regions enable us to distill an N-partite W state, and therefore exhibit true $N$-fold entanglement. Furthermore, we show that for N=3, the correlations cannot be reproduced by a hybrid local-nonlocal hidden-variable model. For N >= 4 the issue remains open.
description: Supersedes quant-ph/0501028
An alternative explanation of the conflict between 1/R gravity and solar system tests
Creators: name: Shao, Cheng-Gang
name: Cai, Rong-Gen
name: Wang, Bin
name: Su, Ru-Keng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the 1/R gravity has been proposed in order to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe. However, it was argued that the 1/R gravity conflicts with solar system tests. While this statement is true if one views the 1/R gravity as an effective theory, we find that this difficulty might be avoided if one treats the 1/R term as a correction to the scalar curvature term in the high curvature limit $R \gg μ^2$.
description: Latex, 6 pages, v2: title changed, revised version to appear in PLB
Homological Error Correction: Classical and Quantum Codes
Creators: name: Bombin, H.
name: Martin-Delgado, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove several theorems characterizing the existence of homological error correction codes both classically and quantumly. Not every classical code is homological, but we find a family of classical homological codes saturating the Hamming bound. In the quantum case, we show that for non-orientable surfaces it is impossible to construct homological codes based on qudits of dimension $D>2$, while for orientable surfaces with boundaries it is possible to construct them for arbitrary dimension $D$. We give a method to obtain planar homological codes based on the construction of quantum codes on compact surfaces without boundaries. We show how the original Shor's 9-qubit code can be visualized as a homological quantum code. We study the problem of constructing quantum codes with optimal encoding rate. In the particular case of toric codes we construct an optimal family and give an explicit proof of its optimality. For homological quantum codes on surfaces of arbitrary genus we also construct a family of codes asymptotically attaining the maximum possible encoding rate. We provide the tools of homology group theory for graphs embedded on surfaces in a self-contained manner.
description: Revtex4 file
Optical properties of coupled metal-semiconductor and metal-molecule nanocrystal complexes: the role of multipole effects
Creators: name: Yan, Jie-Yun
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Duan, Suqing
name: Zhao, Xian-Geng
name: Govorov, Alexander O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically the effects of interaction between an optical dipole (semiconductor quantum dot or molecule) and metal nanoparticles. The calculated absorption spectra of hybrid structures demonstrate strong effects of interference coming from the exciton-plasmon coupling. In particular, the absorption spectra acquire characteristic asymmetric lineshapes and strong anti-resonances. We present here an exact solution of the problem beyond the dipole approximation and find that the multipole treatment of the interaction is crucial for the understanding of strongly-interacting exciton-plasmon nano-systems. Interestingly, the visibility of the exciton resonance becomes greatly enhanced for small inter-particle distances due to the interference phenomenon, multipole effects, and electromagnetic enhancement. We find that the destructive interference is particularly strong. Using our exact theory, we show that the interference effects can be observed experimentally even in the exciting systems at room temperature.
description: 9 pages
Measurement of the top quark Yukawa coupling from $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ kinematic distributions in the dilepton final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of the Higgs boson Yukawa coupling to the top quark is presented using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$, recorded with the CMS detector. The coupling strength with respect to the standard model value, $Y_\mathrm{t}$, is determined from kinematic distributions in $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ final states containing ee, $μμ$, or e$μ$ pairs. Variations of the Yukawa coupling strength lead to modified distributions for $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ production. In particular, the distributions of the mass of the $\mathrm{t\bar{t}}$ system and the rapidity difference of the top quark and antiquark are sensitive to the value of $Y_\mathrm{t}$. The measurement yields a best fit value of $Y_\mathrm{t} =$ 1.16 $^{+0.24}_{-0.35}$, bounding $Y_\mathrm{t}$ $\lt$ 1.54 at a 95% confidence level.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-19-008 (CMS Public Pages). This version corrects Fig. 1
Structure and scaling of the entropy in nearby galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Pratt, G. W.
name: Arnaud, M.
name: Pointecouteau, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using XMM-Newton observations, we investigate the scaling and structural properties of the ICM entropy in a sample of 10 nearby (z < 0.2) relaxed galaxy clusters in the temperature range 2-9 keV. We derive the local entropy-temperature (S-T) relation at R = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 R_200. The logarithmic slope of the relation is the same within the 1σerror at all scaled radii. However, the intrinsic dispersion about the best fitting relation is significantly higher at 0.1 R_200. The slope is 0.64\pm0.11 at 0.3 R_200, in excellent agreement with previous work. We also investigate the entropy-mass relation at density contrasts δ=5000, 2500 and 1000. We find a shallower slope than that expected in simple self-similar models, which is in agreement with the observed empirically-determined entropy-temperature and mass-temperature scaling. The dispersion is smaller than for the S-T relation. Once scaled appropriately, the entropy profiles appear similar beyond ~0.1 R_200, with an intrinsic dispersion of ~15 per cent and a shape consistent with gravitational heating (S(r) \propsim r^{1.1}). However, the scatter in scaled entropy profiles increases with smaller scaled radius, to more than 60 per cent at R \lesssim 0.05 R_200. Our results are in qualitative agreement with models which boost entropy production at the accretion shock. However, localised entropy modification may be needed to explain the dispersion in the inner regions.
description: 9 pages, 8 colour figures, to appear in A&A. Title changed, minor text clarifications
Low bit rate DCT-based video coding in error-prone environments
Creators: name: Côté, Guy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Video compression, which is a necessary process for video communication over low bit rate networks, removes spatial and temporal redundancies contained in video sequences. However, when transmitted over error prone networks, compressed video streams are very sensitive to bit errors and packet losses, which lead to inevitable spatial and temporal error propagation. This thesis presents efficient video encoding methods for transmission over error prone networks. The resulting video communication systems exploit the video input statistics, the channel condition information, and the encoder's knowledge of the video decoder's error handling capabilities to optimize the encoded bit stream for its transmission over error prone networks. We first propose a rate-distortion optimized synchronization marker placement algorithm which can effectively determine the frequency and location of synchronization markers, subject to a known decoder concealment method. Next, we present a semi-fixed length coding method for the efficient entropy coding of motion vectors. With the use of unequal error protection techniques, the proposed method provides superior bit stream and spatial synchronization, compared to variable length coding methods. A new algorithm for temporal error resilience employing optimal intra block updating is then presented. Using a new distortion measure that takes into account the effects of temporal error propagation, the proposed method chooses the amount of non-predictive coding necessary to achieve temporal synchronization. We combine the proposed methods and evaluate the performance of two resulting video communication systems in error prone environments, using packet loss and bit error models for the Internet and mobile networks, respectively.
Unmasking the Electrochemical Stability of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Gold
Creators: name: L. Dominique, Nathaniel
name: Chandran, Aruna
name: Jensen, Isabel M.
name: Jenkins, David M.
name: Camden, Jon P.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) monolayers are transforming electrocatalysis and biosensor design via their increased performance and stability. Despite their increasing use in electrochemical systems, the integrity of the NHC monolayer during voltage perturbations remains largely unknown. Herein, we deploy surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to measure the stability of two model NHCs on gold in ambient conditions as a function of applied potential and under continuous voltammetric interrogation. Our results illustrate that NHC monolayers exhibit electrochemical stability over a wide voltage window (-1 V to 0.5 V vs Ag|AgCl), but they are found to degrade at strongly reducing (< -1 V) or oxidizing (> 0.5V) potentials. We also address NHC monolayer stability under continuous voltammetric interrogation between 0.2 V and -0.5 V, a commonly used voltage window for sensing, showing they are stable for up to 43 hours. However, we additionally find that modifications of the backbone NHC structure can lead to significantly shorter operational lifetimes. While these results highlight the potential of NHC architectures for electrode functionalization, they also reveal potential pitfalls that have not been fully appreciated in electrochemical applications of NHCs.
Isotope Shifts in the Metastable a$^5$F and Excited y$^5$G$^\circ$ Terms of Atomic Titanium
Creators: name: Neely, Andrew O.
name: Cassella, Kayleigh
name: Eustice, Scott
name: Stamper-Kurn, Dan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure and analyze the isotope shifts the multiplet of transitions between the metastable a$^5$F and excited y$^5$G$^\circ$ terms of neutral titanium by probing a titanium vapor in a hollow cathode lamp using saturated absorption spectroscopy. We resolve the five $J\to J+1$ and the four $J\to J$ transitions within the multiplet for each of the the three $I=0$ stable isotopes ($^{46}$Ti, $^{48}$Ti, and $^{50}$Ti). The isotope shifts on these transitions allow us to determine the isotope-dependent variation in the fine-structure splitting of the a$^5$F and y$^5$G$^\circ$ levels themselves. Combined with existing knowledge of the nuclear charge radii of titanium nuclei, we derive the specific mass and field shifts, which arise from correlated electronic motion and electronic density at the nucleus respectively, and further observe a strong $J$-dependent variation in each. Our results yield insight into the electronic and nuclear structure of transition metal atoms like titanium, and also characterize optical transitions that may allow for optical manipulation of ultracold gases of transition metal species.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Giving Gold Wings: Ultrabright and Fragmentation Free Mass Spectrometry Reporters for Barcoding, Bioconjugation Monitoring, and Data Storage
Creators: name: Dominique, Nathaniel
L.
name: Q. Kotseos, Chandler
name: Boggess, William C.
name: Camden, Jon P.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: The widespread application of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) highlights the need for a bright and multiplexable labeling platform. While ligand-capped Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as a promising LDI-MS contrast agent, the predominant thiol ligands suffer from low ion yields and extensive fragmentation. In this work, we develop a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand platform that enhances AuNP LDI-MS performance. NHC scaffolds are tuned to generate barcoded AuNPs which, when benchmarked against thiol-AuNPs, are bright mass tags and form unfragmented ions in high yield. To illustrate the transformative potential of NHC ligands, the mass tags were employed in three orthogonal applications: monitoring a bioconjugation reaction, performing multiplexed imaging, and storing and reading encoded information. These results demonstrate that NHC-nanoparticle systems are an ideal platform for LDI-MS and greatly broaden the scope of nanoparticle contrast agents.
Analyzing Dominance Move (MIP-DoM) Indicator for Multi- and Many-objective Optimization
Creators: name: Lopes, Claudio Lucio do Val
name: Martins, Flávio Vinícius Cruzeiro
name: Wanner, Elizabeth Fialho
name: Deb, Kalyanmoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dominance move (DoM) is a binary quality indicator that can be used in multi-objective and many-objective optimization to compare two solution sets obtained from different algorithms. The DoM indicator can differentiate the sets for certain important features, such as convergence, spread, uniformity, and cardinality. DoM does not use any reference, and it has an intuitive and physical meaning, similar to the $ε$-indicator, and calculates the minimum total move of members of one set so that all elements in another set are to be dominated or identical to at least one member of the first set. Despite the aforementioned properties, DoM is hard to calculate, particularly in higher dimensions. There is an efficient and exact method to calculate it in a bi-objective case only. This work proposes a novel approach to calculate DoM using a mixed integer programming (MIP) approach, which can handle sets with three or more objectives and is shown to overcome the $ε$-indicator's information loss. Experiments, in the bi-objective space, are done to verify the model's correctness. Furthermore, other experiments, using 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30-objective problems are performed to show how the model behaves in higher-dimensional cases. Algorithms, such as IBEA, MOEA/D, NSGA-III, NSGA-II, and SPEA2 are used to generate the solution sets (however any other algorithms can also be used with the proposed MIP-DoM indicator). Further extensions are discussed to handle certain idiosyncrasies with some solution sets and also to improve the quality indicator and its use for other situations.
description: 15 Pages. Submitted for consideration for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Groups of galaxies: relationship between environment and galaxy properties
Creators: name: Martinez, Hector J.
name: Muriel, Hernan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse how the properties of galaxies in groups identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey depend on the environment. In particular, we study the relationship between galaxy properties and group mass and group-centric distance. Among the galaxy properties we have considered here, we find that the $g-r$ colour is the most predictive parameter for group mass, while the most predictive pair of properties are $g-r$ colour and $r-$band absolute magnitude. Regarding the position inside the systems, the $g-r$ colour is the best tracer of group-centric distance and the most predictive pair of properties are $g-r$ colour and spectral type taken together. These results remain unchanged when a subsample of high mass groups is analysed. The same happens if the brightest group galaxies are excluded.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Cosmic acceleration in a model of scalar-tensor gravitation
Creators: name: Unnikrishnan, Sanil
name: Seshadri, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider a model of scalar-tensor theory of gravitation in which the scalar field, $ϕ$ determines the gravitational coupling G and has a Lagrangian of the form, $\mathcal{L}_ϕ =-V(ϕ)\sqrt{1 - \partial_μϕ\partial^μϕ}$. We study the cosmological consequence of this theory in the matter dominated era and show that this leads to a transition from an initial decelerated expansion to an accelerated expansion phase at the present epoch. Using observational constraints, we see that the effective equation of state today for the scalar field turns out to be $p_ϕ=w_ϕρ_ϕ$, with $w_ϕ=-0.88$ and that the transition to an accelerated phase happened at a redshift of about 0.3.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, matches published version
Using Data Science Skills and Digitized Natural History Collections Data to Investigate Ecological and Evolutionary Principles in Introductory Biology Courses
Creators: name: Linton, Debra
name: Phillips, Molly
name: Ellwood, Libby
name: White, Lisa
name: Monfils, Anna
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2019

description: Session presentation Biodiversity Literacy in Undergraduate Education project at the 2019 BioQUEST & QUBES Summer Workshop
Extremely deep 150 MHz source counts from the LoTSS Deep Fields
Creators: name: Mandal, S.
name: Prandoni, I.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Shimwell, T. W.
name: Intema, H. T.
name: Tasse, C.
name: van Weeren, R. J.
name: Algera, H.
name: Emig, K. L.
name: Röttgering, H. J. A.
name: Schwarz, D. J.
name: Siewert, T. M.
name: Best, P. N.
name: Bonato, M.
name: Bondi, M.
name: Jarvis, M. J.
name: Kondapally, R.
name: Leslie, S. K.
name: Mahatma, V. H.
name: Sabater, J.
name: Retana-Montenegro, E.
name: Williams, W. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of new generation low-frequency telescopes, such as the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR), and improved calibration techniques, we have now started to unveil the sub GHz radio sky with unprecedented depth and sensitivity. The LOFAR Two Meter Sky Survey (LoTSS) is an ongoing project in which the whole northern radio sky will be observed at 150 MHz with a sensitivity better than 100 $μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at a resolution of \asec{6}. Additionally, deeper observations are planned to cover smaller areas with higher sensitivity. The Lockman Hole, the Boötes and the Elais-N1 regions are among the most well known northern extra-galactic fields, and the deepest of the LoTSS Deep Fields so far. We exploit these deep observations to derive the deepest radio source counts at 150~MHz to date. Our counts are in broad agreement with those from the literature, and show the well known upturn at $\leq$ few mJy, mainly associated with the emergence of the star-forming galaxy population. More interestingly, our counts show for the first time a very pronounced drop around S$\sim$2 mJy, which results in a prominent `bump' at sub-mJy flux densities. Such a feature was not observed in previous counts' determinations (neither at 150 MHz nor at higher frequency). While sample variance can play a role in explaining the observed discrepancies, we believe this is mostly the result of a careful analysis aimed at deblending confused sources and removing spurious sources and artifacts from the radio catalogues. This `drop and bump' feature cannot be reproduced by any of the existing state-of-the-art evolutionary models, and appears to be associated with a deficiency of AGN at intermediate redshift ($1
description: Accepted for publication in A&A special issue. This paper is part of the 1st data release of the LoTSS Deep Fields
On a conjecture of Gross, Mansour and Tucker
Creators: name: Chmutov, Sergei
name: Vignes-Tourneret, Fabien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C10, 05C65, 57M15, 57Q15

description: Partial duality is a duality of ribbon graphs relative to a subset of their edges generalizing the classical Euler-Poincare duality. This operation often changes the genus. Recently J.L.Gross, T.Mansour, and T.W.Tucker formulated a conjecture that for any ribbon graph different from plane trees and their partial duals, there is a subset of edges partial duality relative to which does change the genus. A family of counterexamples was found by Qi Yan and Xian'an Jin. In this note we prove that essentially these are the only counterexamples.
Stochastic force dynamics of the model microswimmer Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Active forces and energetics
Creators: name: Jones, Corbyn
name: Gomez, Mauricio
name: Muoio, Ryan M.
name: Vidal, Alex
name: Mcknight, Anthony
name: Brubaker, Nicholas D.
name: Ahmed, Wylie W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stochastic force dynamics of a model microswimmer (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), using a combined experimental, theoretical, and numerical approach. While swimming dynamics have been extensively studied using hydrodynamic approaches, which infer forces from the viscous flow field, we directly measure the stochastic forces generated by the microswimmer using an optical trap via the photon momentum method. We analyze the force dynamics by modeling the microswimmer as a self-propelled particle, a la active matter, and analyze it's energetics using methods from stochastic thermodynamics. We find complex oscillatory force dynamics and power dissipation on the order of $10^6$ $k_B T / s$ ($\sim$ fW)
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Large-$N$ $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theories with milder topological freezing
Creators: name: Bonanno, Claudio
name: Bonati, Claudio
name: D'Elia, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate $4d$ $SU(N)$ pure-gauge theories at large $N$ using a parallel tempering scheme that combines simulations with open and periodic boundary conditions, implementing the algorithm originally proposed by Martin Hasenbusch for $2d$ $CP^{N-1}$ models. That allows to dramatically suppress the topological freezing suffered from standard local algorithms, reducing the autocorrelation time of $Q^2$ up to two orders of magnitude. Using this algorithm in combination with simulations at non-zero imaginary $θ$ we are able to refine state-of-the-art results for the large-$N$ behavior of the quartic coefficient of the $θ$-dependence of the vacuum energy $b_2$, reaching an accuracy comparable with that of the large-$N$ limit of the topological susceptibility.
description: 11 pages, 9 eps figures, minor changes and few typos corrected
On the magnetization of two-dimensional superconductors
Creators: name: Oganesyan, Vadim
name: Huse, David A.
name: Sondhi, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the magnetization of a two-dimensional superconductor in a perpendicular magnetic field near its Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and at lower temperatures. We find that the critical behavior is more complex than assumed in the literature and that, in particular, the critical magnetization is {\it not} field independent as naive scaling predicts. In the low temperature phase we find a substantial fluctuation renormalization of the mean-field result. We compare our analysis with the data on the cuprates.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Methods and Tools for Recruitment
Creators: name: Edler, Cordula
name: Dirks, Susanne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: accessibility
inclusive research
people with cognitive disabilities

description: The aim of this report is to give an initial idea of how to establish inclusive participatory research groups. In addition to basic theoretical principles, examples of basic activities and results are given. The basic recruitment process for the peer researchers and the problems and challenges encountered during this process are described
Transport equation for 2D electron liquid under microwave radiation plus magnetic field and the Zero Resistance State
Creators: name: Ng, Tai-Kai
name: Dai, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general transport equation for the center of mass motion is constructed to study transports of electronic system under uniform magnetic field and microwave radiation. The equation is applied to study 2D electron system in the limit of weak disorder where negative resistance instability is observed when the radiation field is strong enough. A solution of the transport equation with spontaneous AC current is proposed to explain the experimentally observed Radiation-Induced Zero Resistance State.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Disparate Impact Diminishes Consumer Trust Even for Advantaged Users
Creators: name: Draws, Tim
name: Szlávik, Zoltán
name: Timmermans, Benjamin
name: Tintarev, Nava
name: Varshney, Kush R.
name: Hind, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Systems aiming to aid consumers in their decision-making (e.g., by implementing persuasive techniques) are more likely to be effective when consumers trust them. However, recent research has demonstrated that the machine learning algorithms that often underlie such technology can act unfairly towards specific groups (e.g., by making more favorable predictions for men than for women). An undesired disparate impact resulting from this kind of algorithmic unfairness could diminish consumer trust and thereby undermine the purpose of the system. We studied this effect by conducting a between-subjects user study investigating how (gender-related) disparate impact affected consumer trust in an app designed to improve consumers' financial decision-making. Our results show that disparate impact decreased consumers' trust in the system and made them less likely to use it. Moreover, we find that trust was affected to the same degree across consumer groups (i.e., advantaged and disadvantaged users) despite both of these consumer groups recognizing their respective levels of personal benefit. Our findings highlight the importance of fairness in consumer-oriented artificial intelligence systems.
Numerical renormalization group approach to a quartet quantum-dot array connected to reservoirs:gate-voltage dependence of the conductance
Creators: name: Nisikawa, Yunori
name: Oguri, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground-state properties of quartet quantum-dot arrays are studied using the numerical renormalization group (NRG) method with a four-site Hubbard model connected to two non-interacting leads. Specifically, we calculate the conductance and local charge in the dots from the many-body phase shifts, which can be deduced from the fixed-point eigenvalues of NRG. As a function of the on-site energy $ε_d$ which corresponds to the gate voltage, the conductance shows alternatively wide peak and valley. Simultaneously, the total number of electrons $N_{\rm el}$ in the four dots shows a quantized stair case behavior due to a large Coulomb interaction $U$. The conductance plateaus of the Unitary limit emerging for odd $N_{\rm el}$ are caused by the Kondo effect. The valleys of the conductance emerge for even $N_{\rm el}$, and their width becomes substantially large at half-filling. It can be regarded as a kind of the Mott-Hubbard insulating behavior manifesting in a small system. These structures of the plateaus and valleys become weak for large values of the hybridization strength $Γ$ between the chain and leads. We also discuss the parallel conductance for the array connected to four leads.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Strain-Engineered Widely-Tunable Perfect Absorption Angle in Black Phosphorus from First-Principles
Creators: name: Alidoust, Mohammad
name: Halterman, Klaus
name: Pan, Douxing
name: Willatzen, Morten
name: Akola, Jaakko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the density functional theory of electronic structure, we compute the anisotropic dielectric response of bulk black phosphorus subject to strain. Employing the obtained permittivity tensor, we solve Maxwell's equations and study the electromagnetic response of a layered structure comprising a film of black phosphorus stacked on a metallic substrate. Our results reveal that a small compressive or tensile strain, $\sim 4\%$, exerted either perpendicular or in the plane to the black phosphorus growth direction, efficiently controls the epsilon-near-zero response, and allows a perfect absorption tuning from low-angle of the incident beam $θ=0^\circ$ to high values $θ\approx 90^\circ$ while switching the energy flow direction. Incorporating a spatially inhomogeneous strain model, we also find that for certain thicknesses of the black phosphorus, near-perfect absorption can be achieved through controlled variations of the in-plane strain. These findings can serve as guidelines for designing largely tunable perfect electromagnetic wave absorber devices.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Extension to the Quantum Langevin Equation in the Incoherent Hopping Regime
Creators: name: Green, Andrew G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extension to the quantum Langevin equation is derived, that is valid in the incoherent hopping regime, and which allows one to incorporate quantum tunneling events. This is achieved by the inclusion of additional stochastic variables in the Langevin equation representing the tunneling events. A systematic derivation of this extension and of its regime of validity is presented. The study is motivated by efforts to determine the error in reading the state of a super-conducting quantum bit.
description: 4 pages 1 figure
Effects of Government Programs on Corn Production Costs and Returns, 1991 and 1992
Creators: name: McBride, William D.
name: McBride, William D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Financial Economics
Production Economics

description: Gross value of production, production costs, and net returns are all higher when the direct effects of Government programs are incorporated into corn cost and return estimates. Government programs raised net returns after cash expenses by $24 per planted acre in 1991. Greater yields and higher deficiency payments in 1992 added nearly $44 to net cash returns. North Central and Plains corn growers are most affected by Government programs since they participate to a much greater extent in the programs than growers in the Southeast and Northeast. Producer participation and annual price and yield conditions have the greatest influence on the extent to which Government programs enhance returns to corn production.
Pentaquarks: Theory overview, and some more about quark models
Creators: name: Carlson, Carl E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After reviewing the basics, topics in this talk include an attempted survey of theoretical contributions to this workshop, some extra specific comments on quark models, and a summary.
description: Invited talk at Pentaquark04, hosted by SPring-8, Harima Science Garden City, Japan, July 2004
An eigensystem approach to Anderson localization for multi-particle systems
Creators: name: Bringmann, Bjoern
name: Mendelson, Dana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper revisits the proof of Anderson localization for multi-particle systems. We introduce a multi-particle version of the eigensystem multi-scale analysis by Elgart and Klein, which had previously been used for single-particle systems.
description: Added further references to the introduction
Computing nonlinear force free coronal magnetic fields
Creators: name: Wiegelmann, T.
name: Neukirch, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Knowledge of the structure of the coronal magnetic field is important for our understanding of many solar activity phenomena, e.g. flares and CMEs. However, the direct measurement of coronal magnetic fields is not possible with present methods, and therefore the coronal field has to be extrapolated from photospheric measurements. Due to the low plasma beta the coronal magnetic field can usually be assumed to be approximately force free, with electric currents flowing along the magnetic field lines. There are both observational and theoretical reasons which suggest that at least prior to an eruption the coronal magnetic field is in a nonlinear force free state. Unfortunately the computation of nonlinear force free fields is way more difficult than potential or linear force free fields and analytic solutions are not generally available. We discuss several methods which have been proposed to compute nonlinear force free fields and focus particularly on an optimization method which has been suggested recently. We compare the numerical performance of a newly developed numerical code based on the optimization method with the performance of another code based on an MHD relaxation method if both codes are applied to the reconstruction of a semi-analytic nonlinear force-free solution. The optimization method has also been tested for cases where we add random noise to the perfect boundary conditions of the analytic solution, in this way mimicking the more realistic case where the boundary conditions are given by vector magnetogram data. We find that the convergence properties of the optimization method are affected by adding noise to the boundary data and we discuss possibilities to overcome this difficulty.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Jungheinrich, Hansjörg: Weltweite Offenbarung
Creators: name: Röhr, Heinz
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 35 Nr. 3 (1986): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 35, Heft 3
An assessment of Icelandic flatfish stocks
Creators: name: Valtysson, Hreidar Tor
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Multispecies, multispatial assessment is provided for megrim, witch flounder, American plaice, dab, lemon sole, and plaice in Icelandic waters. Information used as input are logbook records on individual sets from the Danish seine fleet, biological samples mostly from port of landing, and information on individual tows from annual trawl surveys since 1985. Results are compared to commercial CPUE from the English trawler fleet that used to operate in Icelandic waters. Where data allowed the stocks were analysed with a delay difference model, cohort analysis, yield per recruit, and catch curve analysis. These models treated each species as a single stock. The condition of the flatfish stocks vary. All models indicate that the megrim stock is declining to a very low level. Megrim is however historically the smallest of the flatfish stocks and is almost exclusively caught as bycatch. Because of this, ways to protect the stock are few. The current catches of the witch flounder are close to estimated maximum sustainable yield. Some signs however indicate that the stock might be overexploited. The American plaice and dab stocks seem to be in good condition and trawl surveys do not show any decline with time. Uncertainties are large for these species and their real size can therefore not be evaluated. Using the same logic, no specific total allowed catch could be recommended. The lemon sole stock seems to be declining in most areas, how much and from what level is however difficult to judge since the models contradict each other. Information used here for the lemon sole might not be sufficient for stock evaluation. No specific TAC could therefore be advised, but on precautionary grounds, since some models estimate the stock to be on a very low level, all direct target fisheries should be limited. The plaice stock has been declining on most of the major grounds for about a decade. The stock is now at a very low level and all fishery should be reduced considerably.
How does Europe Make Its Mind Up? Connections, cliques, and compatibility between countries in the Eurovision Song Contest
Creators: name: Fenn, Daniel
name: Suleman, Omer
name: Efstathiou, Janet
name: Johnson, Neil F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the complex relationships between countries in the Eurovision Song Contest, by recasting past voting data in terms of a dynamical network. Despite the British tendency to feel distant from Europe, our analysis shows that the U.K. is remarkably compatible, or 'in tune', with other European countries. Equally surprising is our finding that some other core countries, most notably France, are significantly 'out of tune' with the rest of Europe. In addition, our analysis enables us to confirm a widely-held belief that there are unofficial cliques of countries -- however these cliques are not always the expected ones, nor can their existence be explained solely on the grounds of geographical proximity. The complexity in this system emerges via the group 'self-assessment' process, and in the absence of any central controller. One might therefore speculate that such complexity is representative of many real-world situations in which groups of 'agents' establish their own inter-relationships and hence ultimately decide their own fate. Possible examples include groups of individuals, societies, political groups or even governments.
Sample movie created with CyAnimator and Cytoscape 3.3
Creators: name: Morris, John H.
name: Dhameliya Vijay
name: Federowicz, Steven
name: Pico, Alexander R.
name: Ferrin, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: This movie used galFiltered.cys, which may be located in the sampleData subdirectory of the Cytoscape installation directory (e.g. /Applications/Cytoscape_v3.3.0/sampleData on a Mac) as a starting point. See below for the saved session file.
Phonological and lexical elicitation
Creators: name: Kajkwakhrattxi, Nokêrê
name: Kajkwakhrattxi, Orengô
name: Kajkwakhrattxi, Rowthyktxi
name: Kajkwakhrattxi, Wêtàktxi
name: Beauchamp, Jérémie
name: Lapierre, Myriam
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: Kajkwakhrattxi language

description: Phonological elicitation on word-final V epenthesis and lexical elicitation based on 300-word Swadesh list, and targeting verbs, combined into the same sessions; includes kinship diagram. Includes typed field notes on daily basis. See associated field notes for originals.
The N/O Plateau of Blue Compact Galaxies: Monte Carlo Simulations of the Observed Scatter
Creators: name: Henry, R. B. C.
name: Nava, A.
name: Prochaska, Jason X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemical evolution models and Monte Carlo simulation techniques have been combined for the first time to study the distribution of blue compact galaxies on the N/O plateau. Each simulation comprises 70 individual chemical evolution models. For each model, input parameters relating to a galaxy's star formation history (bursting or continuous star formation, star formation efficiency), galaxy age, and outflow rate are chosen randomly from ranges predetermined to be relevant. Predicted abundance ratios from each simulation are collectively overplotted onto the data to test its viability. We present our results both with and without observational scatter applied to the model points. Our study shows that most trial combinations of input parameters, including a simulation comprising only simple models with instantaneous recycling, are successful in reproducing the observed morphology of the N/O plateau once observational scatter is added. Therefore simulations which include delay of nitrogen injection are no longer favored over those which propose that most nitrogen is produced by massive stars, if only the plateau morphology is used as the principal constraint. The one scenario which clearly cannot explain plateau morphology is one in which galaxy ages are allowed to range below 250 Myr. We conclude that the present data for the N/O plateau are insufficient by themselves for identifying the portion of the stellar mass spectrum most responsible for cosmic nitrogen production.
description: 41 pages, 15 figures; accepted by ApJ, to appear Aug. 20, 2006
Crab: the standard X-ray candle with all (modern) X-ray satellites
Creators: name: al., M. G. F. Kirsch et
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various X-ray satellites have used the Crab as a standard candle to perform their calibrations in the past. The calibration of XMM-Newton, however, is independent of the Crab nebula, because this object has not been used to adjust spectral calibration issues. In 2004 a number of special observations were performed to measure the spectral parameters and the absolute flux of the Crab with XMM-Newtons EPIC-pn CCD camera. We describe the results of the campaign in detail and compare them with data of four current missions (Integral, Swift, Chandra, RXTE) and numerous previous missions (ROSAT, EXOSAT, Beppo-SAX, ASCA, Ginga, Einstein, Mir-HEXE).
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Observational results for northern and southern (candidate) gamma Doradus stars
Creators: name: De Cat, P.
name: Goossens, K.
name: Bouckaert, F.
name: Eyer, L.
name: Cuypers, J.
name: De Ridder, J.
name: Aerts, C.
name: Dupret, M. -A.
name: Grigahcene, A.
name: observers, many
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on observational results obtained for 78 objects originally classified as bona-fide or candidate gamma Doradus stars. For the southern objects, we gathered echelle spectra with the CORALIE spectrograph attached to the Euler telescope in 1998-2003 and/or Johnson-Cousins B,V,Ic observations with the MODULAR photometer attached to the 0.5-m SAAO telescope in 1999-2000. For the northern objects, we obtained Geneva U,B,B1,B2,V,V1,G observations with the P7 photometer attached to the 1.2-m MERCATOR telescope in 2001-2004. At least 15 of our objects are binaries, of which 7 are new. For 6 binaries, we determined the orbit for the first time. At least 17 objects show profile variations and at least 12 objects are multiperiodic photometric variables. Our results allow us to upgrade 11 objects to bona-fide gamma Doradus stars and to downgrade 8 objects to constant up to the current detection limits. Mode identification is still ongoing, but so far, only l = 1 and 2 modes have been identified.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. To appear in: A.R. Walker & G. Bono (eds.), Proceedings of International Astrophysics Meeting 'Stellar pulsation and evolution', Memorie della Societa' Astronomica Italiana 76