cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Data-intensive modeling of forested ecosystems
Creators: name: Rumyantseva, Olga
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021

description: In the present work, we have performed various applied mathematics techniques to model forested ecosystems in North America using Quebec and USA forest inven- tory data. We start with autoregressive models which are analytically tractable and operate with continuous state space. We perform time series statistical analysis of Quebec forest data recorded in 1970–2007. We have obtained that geometric random walk with normal increments adequately describes dynamics of forest biomass yearly averages. For individual forest locations, the best fit also turns out to be geometric random walk, however, the normality tests for residuals fail. We fulfilled the same analysis at the level of USA ecological regions, where we noticed the same pattern in the absolute majority of ecoregions. The exception was California Coastal Province, where geometric random walk with normal increments adequately describes dynam- ics of both biomass yearly averages and biomass on individual forest plots. Using Bayesian approach, we have generated comparable USA forest growth rate diagram. The other direction of my research was to model the change of spatial distribution of species under climatic changes. We investigated how various combinations of bio- climatic characteristics affect the potential distribution of Pitch Pine tree. We in- troduced two novel data-intensive models (VIMM and VNM) and calculated Shapley scores which reveal the most important climatic factors for Pitch Pine spatial distri- bution. In continuation of climate modeling, we investigated how forests in the USA are affected by various climatic characteristics. We performed various dimensionality reduction techniques (stepwise regressions, principal component analysis and random forest algorithm) in order to reveal the most influential climatic variables for forest biomass in the USA. We have obtained that precipitation related factors are the most essential for forests in the majority of USA ecoregions.
description: The distinct area of my research was to use analytical methods (integral equations) to understand which tree crown shapes show stable behavior under such perturbations as forest harvesting, hurricanes and etc. As a result, we have found that the tree species with the most ’classical’ tree shapes show stable behaviour.
Additional file 7 of The identification, adaptive evolutionary analyses and mRNA expression levels of homeobox (hox) genes in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis
Creators: name: Chen, Shasha
name: Jiang, Xianfeng
name: Xia, Longjie
name: Chen, Zhiyi
name: Zhou, Kaiya
name: Yan, Jie
name: Li, Peng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 7
Standardization as performative accountability in biobanking
Creators: name: Reavely E
name: Cadigan RJ
name: Haldeman KM
name: Lassiter D.
name: Henderson G
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description:
In the last two decades, biobanks have become critical components in researchers’ efforts to cure, treat or prevent cancer, diabetes and many other diseases. At the same time, the amassing of specimens has been brought into question by recognition that the lack of standardization across highly diverse collections presents an impediment for future biomedical research. By looking at standardization as a practice of accountability in biobanking, this article examines the relationship between standardization and ethics in the work of six biobanks in the United States. Standards, we argue, are necessary to biobanking, yet there is also an unquestioned faith put into the standardization of biobank practice and products. This, we argue, reveals that beyond their immediate function, standards do other work. Using interview data, we show how standardization can serve as a performance of accountability, which, as we explain using the concept of audit cultures, constitutes biobanks as an ethical subject. We conclude by pointing out that while efforts to standardize are important for making best use of samples and data, when calling for standardization, we should be mindful of the other (ethical) work that standardization does and contemplate its particular consequences.
(De)constructing Nature and Disability through Place: Towards an Eco-Crip Politic
Creators: name: Schmidt, Jenne
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Geography

description: This dissertation project, comprised of five distinct and standalone chapters, is positioned within the creative tension between environmental and critical disability studies. Examining their intersections in an effort to imagine new ways of understanding disability and environmentalism as coalitional, it advances an eco-crip politic. Chapter 2 illuminates the ways that environmental education has and has not engaged critical disability politics, and calls for a cripping of the field in order to shift away from disability as defect and toward disrupting the structures and environments that operate as normalizing technologies. In Chapter 3, I build upon critical place inquiry to consider place as the central site of research and as agential, thereby offering a way to disrupt the anthropocentric framing of place. I use "place as research" as the methodological approach within the three subsequent chapters. Chapter 4 considers how place is an entity or being that one might directly listen to. By listening to place, this chapter reveals that the nature/culture binary is a myth, which has implications for how we understand disability access in places designated as “wilderness." Chapter 5 examines the Hanford Site, in order to demonstrate the need for wild pedagogies to engage not just inspiring wildness places, but also with sites of ruin, because they can illuminate how the social, historical, and political are intertwined with the ecological. In Chapter 6, I deconstruct notions of damaged, diseased, contaminated more-than-human species often exhibited as freaknature. Operating from a crip politic that rejects notions of corporeal differences as abnormal and unnatural, and instead seeks to claim such difference as just that—difference, I consider how we can embrace freaknature, not as embodied disaster nor as a repulsive warning sign of ecological disaster, but as having inherent value, while also not dismissing ongoing environmental disruption. By turning toward place as research to center the land, waterways, and more-than-human, these separate manuscripts together articulate an eco-crip politic.
A Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem for Multiple Commodities and Stability of Steinhaus Filtrations
Creators: name: Broussard, Matthew
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021

description: The Max-Flow problem is a classic problem in the study of network flows. Its solution, the Max-Flow Min-Cut theorem, is a celebrated duality result which solves this problem and gives rise to several polynomial time solution algorithms. But while we have such fast algorithms for the classical \MaxFlow problem, relatively little attention has been paid to generalizations of this problem into flows of multiple commodities.
description: In this dissertation we explore a multiple commodity generalization of the \MaxFlow problem in which we study flows composed of real-valued k-vectors through networks with capacities formed by regions in $\mathbb{R}^k$. Unlike the single commodity case the multiple commodity case does not have a clear ordering for flow values. Because of this, we discuss generalizations of max flows to this new setting, ultimately adopting the max flow to be the feasible region of flow values.
description: We define a collection of concepts and operations, giving us tools to develop an idea of the mutual capacity of a set of cuts, the set of flows which can pass through all cuts in the set. From this, we develop a method to calculate this simply for pairs of cuts, and give a general method of calculation for arbitrary sets of cuts. We show that the mutual capacity is exactly the set of feasible flows in the network, and hence is equal to the max flow.
description: However, there are some cases which can be solved with a more tractable ordering. We focus on problems in which we search for the maximum multiple of a given vector which can be transported through the network, ultimately producing an algorithm which estimates (or in some cases finds exactly) the maximum multiple.
description: Finally, we examine a different use of graphs to better understand complex systems: we discuss a generalization of the Mapper algorithm from topological data analysis and show that, unlike the original algorithm, our generalization has a form of stability and hence a quantifiable robustness against noise in the point cloud.
Additional file 1 of Characterization of a strain-specific CD-1 reference genome reveals potential inter- and intra-strain functional variability
Creators: name: Jung, Yoon Hee
name: Wang, Hsiao-Lin V.
name: Ali, Samir
name: Corces, Victor G.
name: Kremsky, Isaac
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Breaking down barriers: rationalisations and motivation to stop among Chinese male smokers under cigarette dependence
Creators: name: Zhang, Dan
name: Chen, Wen-jiao
name: Meng, Xiao-xia
name: Zhao, Xiong
name: Liu, Run-hua
name: Tian, Hai-yu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Infusing Empathy into the Engineering Design Process: Girls' Interest and Sense of Belongingness in STEM
Creators: name: burns, henriette de rozario
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Belongingness
Empathy
Engineering Design Process
Females
Interest
STEM
Engineering

description: Numerous reports focus on why girls and women do not pursue and persist in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) study or careers, and how to influence their Interest. Since human affects, like Interest, are ever-changing, multi-dimensional, and connected constructs, their study is difficult. Some researchers, including myself, have conducted large-scale quantitative research studies and determined relationships amongst affective constructs by applying complex statistical methods. It seems the reasons that many females do not pursue STEM are deeply rooted and influenced by the environment and other factors. My nine-week study of an after-school program in a low-income urban public school was mixed methods, but primarily qualitative. The study was based on relationships between student Interest and Belongingness, how these constructs intersected and changed after four girls worked on engineering design projects infused with an Empathy element. Recent divisive national events have exposed the need for Empathy, usually considered a feminine trait, within STEM. Because of the affect’s visibility, its influence, especially to Belongingness, has become more relevant. I found that Interest in STEM and in STEM Careers, Sense of Belongingness, and Understanding of Empathy/Empathic Design improved, but not consistently. There appeared to be an intersectionality among constructs, but not all the time for all the constructs. Belongingness and Empathy also seemed multi-dimensional and multi-phased as Hidi and Renninger suggested in their 2006 study of Interest.
description: “Acceptance is the Sense of Belonging,” MF Moonzajer.
INDOOR QUEEN BANKING AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO OUTDOOR BANKING PRACTICES
Creators: name: Onayemi, Stephen Olusola
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021

description: Honey bee queens are the most critical individual of a complex eusocial society. Most beekeepers usually replace their queens every 2 years in the U.S., making the demand extremely high. Northern California is one of the major queen production regions in the United States. Queen banking is the storage of queens individually in cages and placed in a colony intended to be cared for by bee workers. Queen producers bank excess queens as seasonal demand subsides in the summer to provide an on-demand supply to beekeepers. This approach, however, might be threatened by wildfires, decreased forage availability, and climate change. This study investigated the potential to bank honey bee queens indoors as an effective system during the summer. This research compared current summer outdoor queen banking practices in northern California with banking in indoor temperature-controlled storage facilities. Treatments were separated into three groups: indoor queen banks, outdoor queen banks, and a set of unbanked control queens. Three different stocking rates were tested (50, 100, and 198 queens per bank). Queen quality parameters and survival data were assessed using laboratory and field assessment methods. There was no significant difference in queen quality parameters apart from the weight of indoor queens banked at the rate of 100. There was no significant difference in the survival of queens held indoors vs. outdoors. However, there was a significant difference in the survival of different stocking rates. Queens banked indoors at a rate of 100 were more likely to survive than other stocking rates, both indoor and outdoor. Queens banked outdoors at the rate of 198 were more likely to survive than other outdoor banking rates. Although the weight of queens banked indoors at the rate of 100 was less than that of queens banked outdoors, other indoor banked queens had a similar weight as outdoor queens. Indoor banking performed as well as outdoor banking in terms of queen quality parameters and survival. Banking queens indoors has the potential to mitigate increased risk to the valuable fall queen supply caused by increasingly hot summer temperatures in northern California.
Additional file 1 of Health-economic evaluation of orthogeriatric co-management for patients with forearm or humerus fractures: an analysis of insurance claims data from Germany
Creators: name: Henken, Espen
name: König, Hans-Helmut
name: Becker, Clemens
name: Büchele, Gisela
name: Friess, Thomas
name: Jaensch, Andrea
name: Rapp, Kilian
name: Rothenbacher, Dietrich
name: Konnopka, Claudia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF STEEL AND MASS TIMBER ARCHETYPE BUILDINGS LOCATED IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
Creators: name: Allan, Kevin M
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Embodied Carbon
LCA
Lifecycle Analysis
Lifecycle Assesment
Mass Timber
Steel
Engineering

description: The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the environmental impacts associated with alternative designs of typical North American low and mid-rise buildings. Two scenarios were considered: 1) a traditional structural steel frame and 2) an all-wood mass timber design, utilizing engineered wood products for both gravity and lateral load resistance. The boundary of the quantitative analysis was cradle-to-grave with considerations taken to discuss end-of-life and material reuse scenarios. The TRACI methodology was followed to conduct a Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) analysis that translates building quantities to environmental impact indicators using the Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings Life Cycle analysis software tool and Athena’s Life Cycle Inventory database. The results of the analysis show that mass timber buildings have an advantage with respect to several environmental impact categories, including eutrophication potential, human health particulate, and global warming potential where a 31% to 41% reduction was found from mass timber to steel designs, neglecting potential carbon sequestration benefits from the timber products. However, it was also found that the steel buildings have a lower impact with respect to the environmental impact categories of smog potential, acidification potential, and ozone depletion potential, where a 48% to 58% reduction was found from the steel to the mass timber building designs.
DENSIFICATION AND BLENDING OF MANURE NUTRIENTS VIA PELLETING TO ENHANCE TRANSPORTATION AND UTILIZATION
Creators: name: Alege, Femi Peter
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Blending
subject: Dairy Manure
subject: Environmental Pollution
subject: Nutrients Concentration
subject: Pelleting
subject: Techno-Economic Analysis
subject: Soil Sciences
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: The potential for adverse environmental impacts from excess manure generated in regions with large concentrations of animal production is enormous. This research aimed to investigate ways of alleviating such threats via pelleting and blending of excess dairy manure nutrients, with canola and fish meals, to enhance their value, utilization, transport, and storage. Optimum conditions for pelleting composted dairy manure were investigated at moisture contents (MC) in the range of 10 – 35% (wet basis). Model equations were developed and validated for relationships between the feedstock MC and the pellets' characteristics. To improve its agronomic value, dairy manure compost was blended with canola- and fish-meals in ratios from 0% to 40% canola meal, and 0% to 20% fishmeal, before pelleting. The pre-pelleting MC was set at 21% based on optimum conditions previously established in this study, and 6-mm, 8-mm, and 10-mm dies were used for pelleting. The effects of the feedstocks blending ratios were evaluated against MC, unit and bulk densities, recovery, durability, and nutrient concentrations (total-nitrogen and phosphate) of the resulting pellets. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the process was also conducted to investigate the feasibility of this approach.
description: Results showed that the optimum MC for pelleting dairy manure composts is between 20 and 30% for both the 6-mm die and the 8-mm die, with respect to pellet recovery and durability. Pellets recovery index was found to be a good predictor of pellets durability, at a given MC. Results also showed that blending 5% of canola meal and fishmeal increased nutrient (total-nitrogen) concentration by up to 68% and 132%, respectively. The TEA demonstrated that the pelleting process is viable if the variables are optimized.
description: Results further indicated that blending and pelleting dairy manure compost even with small proportions of canola meal and fishmeal significantly enhanced not only nutrients concentration but also the quality of pellets. Consequently, this would result in reduced cost of transportation and storage, and improved utilization of nutrients, which would, in turn, mitigate environmental issues associated with excess concentration of nutrients near production locations.
CLUSTER SOLUTIONS IN NETWORKS OF WEAKLY COUPLED OSCILLATORS ON A 2D TORUS
Creators: name: Culp, Jordan  Michael
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021
Subjects: cluster solutions
weakly coupled oscillators

description: The present dissertation is devoted to the analysis of the existence and stability of cluster solutions in networks of weakly coupled oscillators on a 2D square torus with von Neumann neighbor coupling. We use the phase reduction technique to analysis the phase difference model for the oscillators in our network. We then use the phase model to study the existence of cluster solutions on the 2D torus network topology. Additionally, the stability of the cluster solutions will be done using spectrum analysis techniques.
description: We consider an N by N lattice of weakly coupled oscillators with periodic boundary conditions, or equivalently a 2D square torus, for our network topology. We begin with nearest neighbor coupling and study the existence and stability of cluster solutions of the network with heterogenous coupling. We continue with a similar analysis for the second nearest neighbor case, and then, we consider the case for a general von Neumann nearest neighbor coupling. The analysis of homogeneous coupling is also presented. We also discuss the generality of distance dependent coupling and directionally independent phase differences. The analysis of the stability of the cluster solutions is made possible by the use of the Kronecker product and circulant matrix theory in the construction of the adjacency matrix for our 2D network.
description: In our numerical results section, we conduct various simulations to validate the above analytical results. We consider systems of identical Morris-Lecar neurons with inhibitory coupling, various network sizes, and couplings. Within these simulations we examine the effect of varying coupling values on the robustness of the stability of our cluster solutions. Specifically, we examine how varying coupling from the homogenous to heterogeneous case can cause a change in stability. We also conduct parameter analysis to explore the effects of varying parameters on the stability of our cluster solutions.
EFFECTS OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS ON POLICE SLEEP AND NEURAL CORRELATES OF DEADLY DECISION-MAKING
Creators: name: Dotson, Elizabeth J
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Decison-Making
fNIRS
Policing
Post-Traumatic Stress
Sleep Quality
Use of Force

description: Community and officer safety in use of force encounters is a critically important avenue of research. As a society, we have given police high discretion and relative autonomy regarding the application of force, thus, identifying the mechanisms which lead to these decisions is vital for minimizing the tragedies surrounding improper use of force (Andersen & Gustasfberg, 2016; Cojean et al., 2020). Furthermore, the 24-hour demands of policing necessitate the adoption of non-daytime work schedules that may interfere with the body’s circadian rhythms and ability to obtain an adequate amount of sleep (Kogi, 2005; Vila, 2000). Sleep loss can be a major cause of catastrophic errors in decision-making, and these judgement errors come at the cost of workplace and public safety.
description: Post-traumatic stress symptomatology and the cognitive impact of sleep loss have the potential to significantly influence the cognitive processes employed by officers in use of force situations (Belenky et al., 1998). The pre-frontal cortex (PFC) is the executive judgement and decision-making center of the brain, responsible for higher order adaptation, awareness, and working memory. PFC regions are associated with the differentiation of nuanced elements of the decision-making process (Tian et al., 2014; Yennu et al., 2016).
description: Within a sample of patrol officers, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of PTS symptomatology on police officer deadly force judgement and decision-making performance, sleep health, and decision-related hemoglobin concentration change within the prefrontal cortex. A series of generalized linear mixed effects models were run to ascertain results to the study questions. The findings of this study build upon the police use of force literature by expanding the influence of PTS on performance, particularly the impact of individual PTS domains on specific measures of officer performance.
description: Results suggest that police performance in simulated deadly use of force encounters may be impacted by the influence of post-traumatic stress and degraded sleep quality. These findings are of consequence as police officers experience higher rates of both compared to the general population (Chopko et al., 2017; Vila, 2000). Measures of hemoglobin concentration change, however, did not differ significantly with either of these measures.
Additional file 1 of Decoding the prognostic significance of integrator complex subunit 9 (INTS9) in glioma: links to TP53 mutations, E2F signaling, and inflammatory microenvironments
Creators: name: Lin, Yu-Chieh
name: Chang, Pei-Chi
name: Hueng, Dueng-Yuan
name: Huang, Shih-Ming
name: Li, Yao-Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary 1: Case summary in bioinformatics & immunohistochemistry
SERVICE LEARNING IN UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION: A COLLECTIVE CASE STUDY AND META-ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Vaughan, Ashley Kathryn
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Collective case study
Meta-analysis
Service learning
Standards for Quality Practice
Adult education
Undergraduate Education

description: Service learning (SL) is often considered a powerful way of reforming education practices by connecting communities and schools. The majority of colleges and universities in the U.S. offer students some form of SL experience during their undergraduate education. Students who take SL courses in college have demonstrated gains above and beyond those of their peers in academic learning, civic engagement, social skills development, and attitudes toward themselves and toward learning, but these reported gains are wildly inconsistent. The varied strategies used across collegiate SL are thought to be a leading source in this disparity. Recommended strategies for SL, such as the National Youth Leadership Council’s Standards for Quality SL Practice (SQP), are abundant, but often they are vague and have garnered little to no empirical support for enhancing the effect of SL on undergraduate student outcomes. To better understand the SQPs, this dissertation consists of two concurrent phases. Phase 1 represents a meta-analytic review of the effect that SL has on students and the 5 outcomes listed above. Moderator analysis was also conducted to evaluate the effect of the SQP on student outcomes. Results indicated that SL has a generally positive effect on student outcomes (d = 0.37, p < .001), with attitudes toward self (ATS) demonstrating the largest effect (d = 0.41, p < .001) followed by social skills outcomes (SSO; d = 0.37, p < .001), academic achievement outcomes (AAO; d = 0.33, p < .001), attitudes toward school and learning (ALO; d = 0.33; p < .001), and civic engagement outcomes (CEO; d = 0.28, p < .001). Further analysis revealed that the aggregated effect was moderated by several study-level factors. Disaggregated results were limited but are reported. Phase 2 consists of a collective case study of 11 undergraduate SL instructors. Instructors described their SL courses through surveys and interviews, and course documents and syllabi were analyzed when available. We found that instructors were not familiar with recommended SL strategies, but most used several strategies that they believed met the given standards. Implications and future directions are also explored.
SOCIAL IDENTITY AND SPECIAL INTERESTS: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF GROUP-BASED APPEAL LANGUAGE IN POLICY COMMUNICATIONS AND POLITICAL ADVERTISING
Creators: name: Munroe, Joshua Arthur
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Political Communication
Social Identity Theory
Special Interest Groups
Public Policy

description: Little is known about how language choices made by special interest groups affect audience receptiveness to the group’s policy goals. This study examines the use of words and phrases that reference in-group or out-group identities—hereafter referred to as “group-based appeals”—in political messaging produced by policy-focused special interest groups. What is the impact of group-based appeals on individual policy preferences and political participation? I propose that the use of group-based appeals strengthens social identity and group loyalty among audience members, making them more willing to agree with and act on the advice of the message creator.
description: The first of three research phases involves content analysis of political advertisements produced by special interest groups to determine the basic characteristics of group-based appeals and under what circumstances they appear. I find that references to in-groups and out-groups correlate with positive and negative descriptive language, respectively. Only ads produced by the National Rifle Association reveal an increased use of out-group appeal language over time.
description: The second and third research phases assessed audience reactions to the inclusion of group-based appeals in interest group political advertisements via two separate survey experiments. Respondents were randomly assigned a manufactured political advertisement with varying numbers of group-based appeals and then asked questions about policy preferences (for the first survey) and political participation intention (for the second survey) relating to the issue of gun access and gun control. The results did not support expectations that group-based appeals in interest group advertisements affect audience policy preferences and political participation.
description: The results from all three research phases indicate that special interest groups use group-based appeals in a consistent fashion, but the reliance on such language does not help shift public opinion or political participation in the interest group’s favor. I recommend that further research on group-based appeal language should account for the name recognition and social identity of the special interest group itself.
Additional file 4 of Decoding the prognostic significance of integrator complex subunit 9 (INTS9) in glioma: links to TP53 mutations, E2F signaling, and inflammatory microenvironments
Creators: name: Lin, Yu-Chieh
name: Chang, Pei-Chi
name: Hueng, Dueng-Yuan
name: Huang, Shih-Ming
name: Li, Yao-Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary 4: Immunofluorescence of INTS9 with or without siRNA targeting
ESSAYS ON CORPORATE FINANCING DECISIONS
Creators: name: Nam, Yoonsoo
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021

description: For the first chapter of this dissertation, I exploit the staggered enactment of U.S. state-level laws protecting outside directors from shareholder lawsuits. Following the laws’ enactment, leverage ratios increase. This finding is consistent with a channel in which firms raise debt as a managerial control mechanism to counterbalance increased director protection. The documented relation is significant for firms where the control function of debt is more important, in which shareholders and takeover market participants are likely to influence managerial decisions, and that are unlikely to be constrained in financial markets. Firms increasing leverage raise dividends, decrease cash holdings, and offset the value loss stemming from reduced monitoring. For the second chapter, my coauthors and I find that product market threats measured by market fluidity increase lease financing, which is consistent with the channel that leasing tangible assets enables firms to increase their net worth when facing adverse cash flow shocks. We address endogeneity by adopting import tariff rates as an instrumental variable and additionally employing instrumented Chinese import penetration ratio as an alternate measure of product market threats. We further show that our documented positive relation between product market threats and leases is more significant for the subsamples of firms that are less financially flexible, that have lower operational flexibility, and that face lower tax rates. In further analyses, we find that firms raising leases in response to increased product market threats grow faster, which offsets profitability erosion stemming from heightened product market threats. These firms also increase leverage, a finding that complements theoretical predictions in recent literature.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE ADOPTION IN WASHINGTON STATE MUNICIPALITIES: DOES LOCAL GOVERNMENT CAPACITY EXPLAIN COMPLIANCE WITH STATE GOVERNMENT MANDATES
Creators: name: Carpenter, Vincent Paul
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Compliance
Electric
Government
Local
Manadates
Vehicle

description: In the USA, responsibility for sustainable urban development and conservation planning falls primarily on local governments and other local agencies. Often, municipalities that do act have been commanded or incentivized by federal or state governments. This research explored why local governments did not act when commanded to do so by the state government. Specifically, this exploratory study sought to answer the question, to what extent does local government capacity explain differences in local government compliance with a specific mandate from the State of Washington to adopt electronic vehicles in municipal fleets. I answered this question by investigating three types of local government capacity. as defined by 1) managerial capacity, 2) fiscal capacity, and 3) civic capacity to understand differences in local government compliance with Washington state legislature’s mandate to convert their public fleet to electric vehicles. In addition, I looked at how other states approached adopting EV’s in their public fleets and what Washington state’s policies, both proposed and those enacted into law, tell us about their approach. An association between capacity and compliance appears to exist. This association appears to be strongest for fiscal capacity, though other factors, such as explicitly planning for electronic vehicle adoption seem to be important. There are elements within each capacity that have stronger and weaker associations just as there are differences amongst the categories themselves. Aggregate capacity is considered as a way to look across the three forms of capacity.
description: I also briefly consider alternative explanations such as polycentricity and NEPUD which shows promise for further study. An important lesson for state legislators and local government officials to consider from this exploratory study is that legislation implemented exclusively through the command and control model may not be as successful as legislation that provides support mechanisms for adequate capacity at the local levels.
USING PRECISION TECHNOLOGY TO DETECT THE ONSET OF DIGITAL DERMATITIS IN DAIRY COWS
Creators: name: Magana, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2021

description: Digital dermatitis (DD) is a multifactorial infectious disease of the hoof that causes inflammation and painful lesions primarily located digitally and on the coronary band. Changes in cow behaviors are associated with lameness, yet behavioral data related to the onset of DD is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate behavioral differences between cows with healthy feet and cows with DD, as well as changes in behavior and coronary band (CB) temperature associated with the onset of DD. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 42) were observed in the parlor daily June-July 2020, for visual hoof evaluations. Behavior data was collected for 1 wk prior to the onset of DD using CowManager® activity monitoring ear tags that recorded activity, eating, and ruminating behaviors, and ear temperature. Thermal data was collected using an infrared thermal camera using similar timed methods as behavior data collection and was converted to intensity measurements using ImageJ software for analysis. Data were analyzed using mixed model ANOVA and linear regression in SAS. An interaction was detected between day relevant to diagnosis of DD (Pre-diagnosis, 0/Day of diagnosis, Post-diagnosis) and hoof health (healthy or DD) for active (P < 0.0001) and eating (P < 0.0001) behaviors. Cows with DD tended (P = 0.08) to spend 0.07 ± 0.01 h/d less time active prior to a DD diagnosis. A three-way interaction was observed among day relative to the onset of DD, hoof health, and cow lactation number for inactivity (P = 0.03) and high activity (P = 0.05). Prior to the onset of DD, cows spent 0.03 ± 0.01 h/d less time highly active (P = 0.04). Ear temperature was associated with day relative to the onset of DD and hoof health (P < 0.0001). Prior to the onset of DD, average ear temperature increased by 0.16 ± 0.03°C (P < 0.0001). Prior to the onset of DD, CB intensity was 1.07 pixels lower (P = 0.04). In conclusion, cows that developed DD altered their behaviors and CB temperatures prior to diagnosis. Understanding the progression of this disease could promote early treatment and better prognosis.
Additional file 5 of Extracellular vesicles released from microglia after palmitate exposure impact brain function
Creators: name: De Paula, Gabriela C.
name: Aldana, Blanca I.
name: Battistella, Roberta
name: Fernández-Calle, Rosalía
name: Bjure, Andreas
name: Lundgaard, Iben
name: Deierborg, Tomas
name: Duarte, João M. N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 5
The Resonance Economy: A CODES-Based Framework for Self-Stabilizing Markets, Nonlinear Growth, and the Phase-Locked Dynamics of Wealth Distribution
Creators: name: Bostick, Devin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Economics
subject: Mathematical Economics
subject: Economic theory
subject: Game theory
subject: Game Theory
subject: Public finance
subject: Monetary and finances
subject: Nonlinear Dynamics
subject: Statistical mechanics
subject: Thermodynamics
subject: Applied Physics
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Computational Social Sciences

description: Main CODES Paper with replicable, empirical, falsifiable tests = Link

 

Abstract:

This paper introduces a resonance-driven economic model that fundamentally redefines market behavior by replacing traditional equilibrium-based frameworks with dynamic phase-locking principles derived from CODES (Chirality of Dynamic Emergent Systems). While neoclassical, Keynesian, and game-theoretic models treat economic activity as a function of supply and demand equilibria—subject to inefficiencies, speculation, and boom-bust cycles—this paper proposes that markets are structured by resonance fields rather than stochastic fluctuations.

By applying prime-phase economic dynamics, we demonstrate that capital flows, debt cycles, and labor efficiency emerge from structured synchronization patterns. These patterns act as entropy minimization mechanisms, governing wealth distribution and innovation cycles in ways that probability-based models fail to capture. Instead of treating economic crises as unpredictable shocks or treating productivity as a linear function of inputs, this framework suggests that economic turbulence and stratification arise from resonance misalignment—a failure to maintain phase coherence across financial, labor, and technological domains.

 

Key implications include:

• Redefining capital allocation as a function of coherence optimization, not speculative probability.

• Rethinking inflation and deflation as resonance distortions rather than money supply imbalances.

• Modeling economic growth as a function of phase-locking efficiency rather than GDP expansion.

• Predicting market crashes through coherence instability rather than external shocks.

 

If economics is structured as a resonance system rather than a probabilistic market, then the role of economic policy shifts. Instead of direct interventions such as fiscal stimulus or interest rate adjustments, coherence optimization strategies—aligning labor, innovation, and capital flow structures to minimize systemic entropy—could create self-stabilizing, long-term economic prosperity. This paper explores empirical methods for testing resonance-based market stability, challenges current economic dogma, and provides a pathway for a fundamentally new economic paradigm based on structured emergence rather than equilibrium mechanics.
sj-docx-3-whe-10.1177_17455057221109222 – Supplemental material for The prevalence of Implanon discontinuation and associated factors among Ethiopian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Habte, Aklilu
name: Tamene, Aiggan
name: Woldeyohannes, Demelash
name: Bogale, Biruk
name: Ermias, Dejene
name: Endale, Fitsum
name: Gizachew, Addisalem
name: Wondimu, Merertu
name: Sulamo, Dawit
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111402 Obstetrics and Gynaecology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-whe-10.1177_17455057221109222 for The prevalence of Implanon discontinuation and associated factors among Ethiopian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Aklilu Habte, Aiggan Tamene, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Biruk Bogale, Dejene Ermias, Fitsum Endale, Addisalem Gizachew, Merertu Wondimu and Dawit Sulamo in Women’s Health
Additional file 8 of Decoding the prognostic significance of integrator complex subunit 9 (INTS9) in glioma: links to TP53 mutations, E2F signaling, and inflammatory microenvironments
Creators: name: Lin, Yu-Chieh
name: Chang, Pei-Chi
name: Hueng, Dueng-Yuan
name: Huang, Shih-Ming
name: Li, Yao-Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary 8: Original data of Western-Blot for Fig. 7
Additional file 1 of A strategy to detect metabolic changes induced by exposure to chemicals from large sets of condition-specific metabolic models computed with enumeration techniques
Creators: name: Fresnais, Louison
name: Perin, Olivier
name: Riu, Anne
name: Grall, Romain
name: Ott, Alban
name: Fromenty, Bernard
name: Gallardo, Jean-Clément
name: Stingl, Maximilian
name: Frainay, Clément
name: Jourdan, Fabien
name: Poupin, Nathalie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1: S1 Appendix. Supplementary information. Pdf including: Correction coefficient formula, DAR specificity ratio formula, DEXOM parameters, systematic sampling and robustness analysis.
Additional file 1 of Identifying meaningful subpopulation segments among older public assistance recipients: a mixed methods study to develop tailor-made health and welfare interventions
Creators: name: Ueno, Keiko
name: Nishioka, Daisuke
name: Saito, Junko
name: Kino, Shiho
name: Kondo, Naoki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. List of variables used in the quantitative analysis.
sj-docx-1-psg-10.1177_22925503221101955 - Supplemental material for Impact and Implementation of Plastic Surgery Interest Groups: National Survey of Plastic Surgery Interest Group Leadership
Creators: name: Elmer, Nicholas A.
name: Veeramani, Anamika
name: Hassell, Natalie
name: Shiah, Eric
name: Manstein, Samuel
name: Comer, Carly
name: Bustos, Valeria
name: Lin, Samuel J.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110323 Surgery
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-psg-10.1177_22925503221101955 for Impact and Implementation of Plastic Surgery Interest Groups: National Survey of Plastic Surgery Interest Group Leadership by Nicholas A. Elmer, Anamika Veeramani, Natalie Hassell, Eric Shiah, Samuel Manstein, Carly Comer, Valeria Bustos and Samuel J. Lin in Plastic Surgery
sj-docx-1-job-10.1177_23294884221106999 – Supplemental material for Do Mixed Emotions Matter in a Crisis? The Impact of Expressing Sadness and Sympathy on Organizational Reputation and Forgiveness
Creators: name: Ndone, James
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 200199 Communication and Media Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-job-10.1177_23294884221106999 for Do Mixed Emotions Matter in a Crisis? The Impact of Expressing Sadness and Sympathy on Organizational Reputation and Forgiveness by James Ndone in International Journal of Business Communication
Additional file 2 of Uncovering molecular features driving lung adenocarcinoma heterogeneity in patients who formerly smoked
Creators: name: Wang, Peiyao
name: Ng, Raymond
name: Lam, Stephen
name: Lockwood, William W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 2
Additional file 2 of Identifying meaningful subpopulation segments among older public assistance recipients: a mixed methods study to develop tailor-made health and welfare interventions
Creators: name: Ueno, Keiko
name: Nishioka, Daisuke
name: Saito, Junko
name: Kino, Shiho
name: Kondo, Naoki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Interview guide.
sj-docx-1-whs-10.1177_21650799221111300 – Supplemental material for Drowsy Driving Among Nurses: Potential Impetus to Support Napping
Creators: name: Westley, Jlynn A.
name: Peterson, Jessica
name: Cook, Bianca
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-whs-10.1177_21650799221111300 for Drowsy Driving Among Nurses: Potential Impetus to Support Napping by Jlynn A. Westley, Jessica Peterson and Bianca Cook in Workplace Health & Safety
Additional file 3 of Identifying meaningful subpopulation segments among older public assistance recipients: a mixed methods study to develop tailor-made health and welfare interventions
Creators: name: Ueno, Keiko
name: Nishioka, Daisuke
name: Saito, Junko
name: Kino, Shiho
name: Kondo, Naoki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Determining the optimal number of clusters. Figure S1. AIC and BIC scores from two to ten patterns of clusters for males (a) and females (b). Figure S2. The number of people in each cluster from two to ten patterns of clusters for males (a) and females (b). Figure S3. Affiliation probability of variables in the four-cluster model for males (a) and females (b).