cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Is Technical Progress Labour or Capital Saving? The case of the Ethiopian Manufacturing sector
Creators: name: Admit, Zerihun
name: Admit, Zerihun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Labour
subject: Manufacturing sector
subject: Industries - Ethiopia

description: The nature of technical progress in the industrial sector of a country has implications on formulating its industrial policy, which should fine-tune the direction of its dynamic comparative advantage. In view of this, this paper examines, using econometric models whether the technical progress in the Ethiopian manufacturing sector is capital or labour saving. The outcome of the study shows that the production technology in the Ethiopian manufacturing sector is capital consuming and labour saving, contrary to the theory of initial factor endowments of the country. It also indicates that technological choice was inappropriate and technological capability acquisition was not built-in in the Ethiopian manufacturing enterprises. According to the findings of this paper, for Ethiopia to industrialize, manufacturing firms in the country have to build the necessary technological capabilities through experience in production and investment on education. They should also make deliberate efforts to adapt and improve technologies to fit the prevailing Ethiopian conditions. The government is also required to help firms develop their technological capabilities. Towards this end, it has to create an enabling environment, develop mechanisms to protect selected manufacturing enterprises and subsidies firm-level research and development.
Table S1: Body mass from Ocean acidification affects acid–base physiology and behaviour in a model invertebrate, the California sea hare (Aplysia californica)
Creators: name: Zlatkin, Rebecca L.
name: Heuer, Rachael M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Science
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Body mass in Aplysia (Aplysia californica) exposed to either control (400), 1200 or 3000 uatm CO2 for 4-11 days. Means ± s.e.m are presented for acid-base and behavioural experimental objectives.
Extension of random-phase approximation preserving energy weighted sum rules: an application to a 3-level Lipkin model
Creators: name: Grasso, M.
name: Catara, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A limitation common to all extensions of random-phase approximation including only particle-hole configurations is that they violate to some extent the energy weighted sum rules. Considering one such extension, the improved RPA (IRPA), already used to study the electronic properties of metallic clusters, we show how it can be generalized in order to eliminate this drawback. This is achieved by enlarging the configuration space, including also elementary excitations corresponding to the annihilation of a particle (hole) and the creation of another particle (hole) on the correlated ground state. The approach is tested within a solvable 3-level model.
description: 2 figures
Figure S1 from Phylodynamics reveals extinction–recolonization dynamics underpin apparently endemic vampire bat rabies in Costa Rica
Creators: name: Streicker, Daniel G.
name: González, Silvia Lucia Fallas
name: Luconi, Giovanna
name: Barrientos, Rocío González
name: Bernal Leon
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Spatiotemporal distribution of vampire bat rabies outbreaks in Costa Rica (1985-2018).
Land Tenure and Land Management in the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Berhanu, G/Medhin
name: Pender, John
name: Ehui, Siemon
name: Berhanu, G/Medhin
name: Pender, John
name: Ehui, Siemon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land Tenure
subject: Land
subject: Ethiopia

description: Land tenure security is important to encourage investment in land improvements as well as the development of efficient land markets. In Ethiopia, empirical analysis is required to find out the effect of the current land tenure system on farmers’ propensity to invest in land improvements, and the development and functioning of land markets. Data collected from 50 communities in the highlands of Tigray in 1998 was used to investigate the functioning of land markets, and determine the relationship between perceived land tenure security and land investments in the region. We found out that informal land markets (sharecropping and fixed rental) are emerging in the region, and while quality of land is an important determinant of rental price in fixed lease, quality appears to play limited role in determining the land holder’s share in sharecropping. Landlessness is increasing in the region. Perceived tenure security is important for making land investments and use of improved farming practice. However, investments in land do not appear to have significant effect on perceived tenure security of farmers. Our results imply that there is a need to improve tenure security of farmers in order to encourage land investment. The role of public policy in facilitating the development of the fledgling land markets needs to be explored. The wishes and preferences of farmers regarding land tenure arrangements and land administration should be considered as crucial inputs to future land tenure arrangements. Moreover, an open, concerted and inclusive debate on the relevance and feasibility of alternative land tenure arrangements for the country or for different parts of the country needs to be encouraged. Alternative tenure arrangements need to be evaluated based on the level of security they provide to farmers, since tenure security is more important than the mode of ownership.
GW170817 Afterglow Reveals that Short Gamma-Ray Bursts are Neutron Star Mergers
Creators: name: Wu, Yiyang
name: MacFadyen, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically investigate the outflow structure of GW170817 in comparison with a sample of 27 cosmological short GRBs by modelling their afterglow light curves. We find that cosmological short GRBs share the same outflow structures with GW170817, relativistic structured jets. The jet opening angle of GW170817 is $6.3^{+1.1}_{-0.6}{}^{\circ}$, which is consistent with that of cosmological short GRBs ($θ_0 = 6.9^\circ \pm 2.3^{\circ}$). Our analysis indicates that GW170817 is viewed off-axis ($θ_{\rm obs} = 30^{+7}_{-4}{}^{\circ}$), while cosmological short GRBs are viewed on-axis ($θ_{\rm obs} \lesssim θ_0$). The exceptional properties of the GW170817 afterglow can be explained by the difference in observation angle alone. We demonstrate that the light curves of the GW170817 afterglow, if viewed on-axis, are consistent with those of cosmological short GRBs. Other properties of GW170817, such as Lorentz factor $Γ\approx 150$, spectral index $p \approx 2.15$, isotropic equivalent energy $E_{\rm iso} \approx 8 \times 10^{52}$ erg and interstellar medium density $n_0 \approx 10^{-2}$ proton cm$^{-3}$, fit well within the ranges of those of cosmological short GRBs. The similarity between the GW170817 outflow structure and those of cosmological short GRBs indicates that cosmological short GRBs are likely neutron star mergers.
Additional file 3 of Comparative analysis of similarity measurements in miRNAs with applications to miRNA-disease association predictions
Creators: name: Chen, Hailin
name: Guo, Ruiyu
name: Li, Guanghui
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Zhang, Zuping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Four types of statistical results of similarity values of the 205 common miRNAs in the 5 datasets.
Social Interactions and Aspirations Formation in Rural Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mekonnen, Daniel Ayalew
name: Mekonnen, Daniel Ayalew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: social interactions
subject: aspirations
subject: Ethiopia

description: The recent literature postulates that aspirations are one of the key determinants of economic decision making, and that aspirations are formed socially through observations and by learning from ‘relevant others’ (or the ‘reference group’). This study empirically examines the latter using survey data collected from sample households in rural Ethiopia. Specifically, the study examines the effect of social interactions on aspirations. Based on several definitions of a ‘reference group’, we find that aspirations are indeed socially determined through observations as well as social interactions. Results also indicate that the social network size is an important determinant of aspirations, attesting to the importance of widening the aspirations window – a person’s cognitive world that shapes their aspirations. Across gender, results indicate that the effect of social interactions on aspirations is larger for females.
Gribodia punctatissima GIORDANI SOIKA 1974
Creators: name: Gusenleitner, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eumenidae
Gribodia
Gribodia punctatissima

description: Gribodia punctatissima GIORDANI SOIKA 1974
 Gribodia punctatissima GIORDANI SOIKA 1974 - Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 106: 112.
L a o s: Hua Phan Prov., Ban Saleui: Phou Pan-Mt., 1350-1900m, 20°13’30’’N 103°59’26’S’, 9.5.201 2, 1♀, leg. C. Holzschuh and many locals, coll. OLM.
Diese Art wurde nach einem Weibchen aus Assam beschrieben und auch das Männchen wurde aus diesem Land bekannt (GIIORDANI SOIKA 1986). Für Laos ist diese Art neu.
description: Published as part of Gusenleitner, J., 2013, Bemerkenswerte Faltenwespen-Funde aus der orientalischen Region Teil 7 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae, Polistinae), pp. 121-132 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 45 (1) on pages 126-127, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5340963
Scaeosopha victoriensis Sinev et Li 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Li, Houhun
name: Zhang, Zhiwei
name: Sinev, Sergey Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Cosmopterigidae
Scaeosopha
Scaeosopha victoriensis

description: Scaeosopha victoriensis Sinev et Li sp. nov.
(Figs. 17, 41)
 Description. Adult (Fig. 17): Wingspan 15.5 mm. Head whitish-yellow mixed with black scales, scale tuft behind compound eye yellow, black posteriorly. Antenna with scape whitish-yellow, mottled black scales dorsally; flagellum deep leaden, ringed with deep-yellow dorsally. Labial palpus black; inner surface and apex of second segment whitish-yellow; third segment with a longitudinal grayish-yellow line on inner surface, apex whitish-yellow. Thorax and tegula black tinged with grayish-yellow scales along margins. Forewing yellowish-white mottled black scales, overlaid with black spots and patches throughout; cell with a rounded spot at about middle beneath anterior margin, with a commalike spot at end; fold with distinct spot at distal 1/3 and on tornus respectively; other spots and patches irregularly formed; cilia whitish-yellow mixed with black. Hindwing and cilia deep-gray. Legs grayish-yellow, fore femur and tibia black on ventral surface, tarsus ringed with black; mid tibia and tarsus ringed with black.
Male genitalia (Fig. 41): Brachia of uncus sclerotized, slightly pointed at apex. Valva broad and short, gradually expanded from base to apex, nearly trapezoidal; costa, ventral margin and terminal slightly concave; valvellae finger-shaped, same width and half length as uncus brachium, setose distally, slightly asymmetrical: left valvella curved slightly downward, right valvella rising straight upward. Anellus a sclerotized triangular plate, reaching base of brachia of uncus, slightly concave laterally. Phallus evenly broad, coiled at middle, with two long cornuti.
Female. Unknown.
 Type material. Holotype ♂, ZIMBABWE: Victoria Falls [17°56' S, 25°51'E], 22.ii.1997, coll. D. J. L. Agassiz, BMNH Microlep. slide no. 32349, Zhiwei Zhang (BMNH, London).
 Distribution. Zimbabwe.
 Diagnosis. This new species is similar to S. minuta sp. nov. in the shape of brachia of uncus, but can be separated from it by its larger size, the valva nearly trapezoidal and the triangular anellus in male. In S. minuta sp. nov., the size is conspicuously smaller, the valva is rounded terminally and the anellus is gradually narrowed to narrowly pointed apex (Fig. 36).
 Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the type locality, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe.
description: Published as part of Li, Houhun, Zhang, Zhiwei & Sinev, Sergey Yu., 2012, Review of the genus Scaeosopha Meyrick, 1914 (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae, Scaeosophinae) in the world, with descriptions of sixteen new species, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 3322 on pages 20-21
Quantum-Limited Measurement and Information in Mesoscopic Detectors
Creators: name: Clerk, A. A.
name: Girvin, S. M.
name: Stone, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate general conditions necessary for a linear-response detector to reach the quantum limit of measurement efficiency, where the measurement-induced dephasing rate takes on its minimum possible value. These conditions are applicable to both non-interacting and interacting systems. We assess the status of these requirements in an arbitrary non-interacting scattering based detector, identifying the symmetries of the scattering matrix needed to reach the quantum limit. We show that these conditions are necessary to prevent the existence of information in the detector which is not extracted in the measurement process.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 1 of Serum-based measurements of stromal activation through ADAM12 associate with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer
Creators: name: ten Hoorn, Sanne
name: Waasdorp, Cynthia
name: van Oijen, Martijn G. H.
name: Damhofer, Helene
name: Trinh, Anne
name: Zhao, Lan
name: Smits, Lisanne J. H.
name: Bootsma, Sanne
name: van Pelt, Gabi W.
name: Mesker, Wilma E.
name: Mol, Linda
name: Goey, Kaitlyn K. H.
name: Koopman, Miriam
name: Medema, Jan Paul
name: Tuynman, Jurriaan B.
name: Zlobec, Inti
name: Punt, Cornelis J. A.
name: Vermeulen, Louis
name: Bijlsma, Maarten F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Expression dataset used for analysis. Supplementary Table S2. Prognostic value of ADAM12. Supplementary Table S3. Association of ADAM12 groups with survival, treatment and KRAS and BRAF mutation status. Supplementary Table S4. Prognostic value of ADAM12, stratified by primary tumor location. Supplementary Table S5. Characteristics pilot rectal cancer (n = 20). Supplementary Figure S1. ADAM12 expression correlates with activated stroma signature. Supplementary Figure S2. Multivariate analysis of relevant parameters and overall survival. Supplementary Figure S3. High serum ADAM12 levels associate with unfavorable outcome independent of treatment status. Supplementary Figure S4. Association between ADAM12 serum concentration and percentage tumor epithelium. Supplementary Figure S5. High serum ADAM12 levels associate with unfavorable outcome in mesenchymal tumours.
Intensity Noise Optimization of a Mid-Infrared Frequency Comb Difference Frequency Generation Source
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Vinicius Silva
name: Ruehl, Axel
name: Masłowski, Piotr
name: Hartl, Ingmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate in a difference-frequency generation mid-infrared frequency comb source the effect of temporal overlap between pump- and signal- pulse to the relative intensity noise (RIN) of the idler pulse. When scanning the temporal delay between our 130 fs long signal- and pump pulses, we observe a RIN minimum with a 3 dB width of 20 fs delay and an RIN increase of 20 dB in 40 fs delay at the edges of this minimum. We also demonstrate active long-term stabilization of the mid-infrared frequency comb source to the temporal overlap setting corresponding to the lowest RIN operation point by an on-line RIN-detector and active feedback control of the pump-signal- pulse delay. This active stabilization set-up allowed us to dramatically increase the signal-to-noise ratio of mid-infrared absorption spectra.
Scaeosopha incantata Meyrick 1928
Creators: name: Li, Houhun
name: Zhang, Zhiwei
name: Sinev, Sergey Yu.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Cosmopterigidae
Scaeosopha
Scaeosopha incantata

description: Scaeosopha incantata Meyrick, 1928
(Figs. 18, 42)
 Scaeosopha incantata Meyrick, 1928: 469; Gaede, 1938: 92; Clarke, 1965: 533; Robinson, Tuck and Shaffer, 1994: 72; Sinev, 2002: 37.
 Description. Adult (Fig. 18): Wingspan 20.0–21.0 mm.
 Type material. Lectotype ♂, [INDIA]: S. Andamans, 1200 ft., v.[19]27, coll. F[errar], genitalia slide no. JFGC7764 (BMNH, London) [examined].
 Paralectotype ♂, [INDIA]: S. Andamans, 1200 ft., v.–vi.1927, coll. F[errar], [examined]; [?] ♀, missing.
 Additional material: BRUNEI: 9 ♂, Sandy health forest and Gymnostoma, Lowland forest, Swamp forest and Kerangas forest, Telisia, Seria and Ulu Temburong, 13.xii.1979 – 30.iv.1989, coll. R. Fairccovch; 1 ♂, Ulu Temburong, LP 298, GR 838892, 26–30.iv.1989, coll. M. G. Allen & K. R. Tuck, BM 1989-129, BMNH Microlep. slide no. 32348, Zhiwei Zhang (BMNH, London); 1 ♂, Rampayoh R., LP 195, GR 960785, Lowland dipterocarp forest, 300 ft., 21.ix.–24.ix.1992, G. S. Robinson, Brunei-Malaysia, BM 1993-2, genitalia slide BMNH Microlep. slide no. 31006, Houhun Li (BMNH, London); 1 ♂, Lamunin, Sg Burong water tanks, disturbed lowland forest, 60 m, 15–20.iv.1993, G. S. Robinson, BM 1993-58, BMNH Microlep. slide no. 31005, Houhun Li (BMNH, London). MALAYSIA: 1 ♂, W. Malaysia: Trengganu, 2 km S of Kuala Dungun, Bukit Bauk, dry lowland dipt[erocarp] forest, 3.viii.1991, G. S. Robinson, Brunei-Malaysia, BM 1991-134, BMNH Microlep. slide no. 310021, Houhun Li (BMNH, London). INDONESIA: 1 ♂, NO-SUMATRA, 180 m, Dolok Merangir, 1977, coll. Dr. E. Diehl, genitalia slide no. ZZWGW007 (LNK, Karlsruhe); 1 ♂, NO-SUMATRA, 180 m, Dolok Merangir, 30.viii.1978, coll. Dr. E. Diehl (LNK, Karlsruhe).
 Distribution. Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia.
 Diagnosis. This species is similar to S. sattleri Li in appearance, but can be distinguished by the yellow ground colour of the forewing, and the brachia of uncus dilated at base and pointed at apex, and the valvella narrower and longer than the valva in the male genitalia (Fig. 42). In S. sattleri Li, the ground colour of the forewing is grayishwhite, and the brachia of uncus are elongate and nearly straight with rounded apex, and the valvella is wider and slightly shorter than the valva (Fig. 45).
description: Published as part of Li, Houhun, Zhang, Zhiwei & Sinev, Sergey Yu., 2012, Review of the genus Scaeosopha Meyrick, 1914 (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae, Scaeosophinae) in the world, with descriptions of sixteen new species, pp. 1-34 in Zootaxa 3322 on pages 21-22
Australia as a branch office economy
Creators: name: Garnaut, Ross
name: Garnaut, Ross
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: There has been a recent tendency for the location of executive leadership of companies engaged in natural resource-based production to shift from Australia to the Northern Hemisphere cities. What is the cause of this tendency?Does it matter to Australian welfare?If it matters, is there any action by Government that can weaken the tendency or reduce its negative effects? Direct regulatory intervention to prevent relocation of corporate headquarters is unlikely to increase Australian welfare. However, reforms to reduce transport and telecommunications costs and to increase the attractions of residence in Australia of people with skills that are important in executive leadership would have positive effects
Inferring black hole spins and probing accretion/ejection flows in AGNs with the Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit
Creators: name: Barret, Didier
name: Cappi, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) display complex X-ray spectra which exhibit a variety of emission and absorption features, that are commonly interpreted as a combination of i) a relativistically smeared reflection component, resulting from the irradiation of an accretion disk by a compact hard X-ray source, ii) one or several warm/ionized absorption components produced by AGN-driven outflows crossing our line of sight, and iii) a non relativistic reflection component produced by more distant material. Disentangling these components via detailed model fitting can thus be used to constrain the black hole spin, the geometry and characteristics of the accretion flow, as well as of the outflows and surroundings of the black hole. We investigate how a high throughput high resolution X-ray spectrometer, such as the Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) can be used to this aim, using the state of the art reflection model Relxill in a lamp post geometrical configuration. We simulate a representative sample of AGN spectra, including all necessary model complexities, as well as a range of model parameters going from standard to more extreme values, and considered X-ray fluxes that are representative of known AGN and Quasars (QSOs) populations. We also present a method to estimate the systematic errors related to the uncertainties in the calibration of the X-IFU. In a conservative setting, in which the reflection component is computed self consistently by the Relxill model from the pre-set geometry and no iron over abundance, the mean errors on the spin and height of the irradiating source are <0.05 and ~0.2 Rg. Similarly the absorber parameters are measured to an accuracy typically less than ~5%. Extending the simulations to include blue shifted ultra fast outflows, we show that X-IFU could measure their velocity with statistical errors <1% even for high redshift objects (abridged).
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 23 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 1 of Lack of sexual behavior disclosure may distort STI testing outcomes
Creators: name: Kumar, Navin
name: Forastiere, Laura
name: Zhang, Tiange
name: Yang, Fan
name: Li, Katherine T.
name: Tang, Weiming
name: Tucker, Joseph D.
name: Christakis, Nicholas A.
name: Alexander, Marcus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplement [52–54].
The LX-sigma Relation for Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies
Creators: name: Mahdavi, Andisheh
name: Geller, Margaret J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that individual elliptical galaxies and clusters of galaxies form a continuous X-ray luminosity---velocity dispersion (LX-sigma) relation. Our samples of 280 clusters and 57 galaxies have LX ~ sigma^4.4 and LX ~ sigma^10, respectively. This unified LX - sigma relation spans 8 orders of magnitude in LX and is fully consistent with the observed and theoretical luminosity---temperature scaling laws. Our results support the notion that galaxies and clusters of galaxies are the luminous tracers of similar dark matter halos.
description: 11 pages, including 2 tables and 2 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters; the Letters version excludes Table 1, which is available in ASCII format at http://tdc-www.harvard.edu/lxsigma
Supplementary material: Introduction to variational Laplace from Structure learning in coupled dynamical systems and dynamic causal modelling
Creators: name: Amirhossein Jafarian
name: Zeidman, Peter
name: Litvak, Vladimir
name: Friston, Karl
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10109 Ordinary Differential Equations, Difference Equations and Dynamical Systems
subject: 10110 Partial Differential Equations
subject: 10302 Numerical Solution of Differential and Integral Equations
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A brief introduction to parameter estimation methods used in DCM
Numerical modelling of soil arching in geosynthetic reinforced column supported embankments
Creators: name: EDWARD JAMES ORAZIO SMITH
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90501 Civil Geotechnical Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Soil arching is one of the fundamental phenomenon in geotechnical engineering, and is relied upon when constructing column supported embankments on soft soil sites. This research outlines a modelling approach to allow for the improved simulation of soil arching in column supported embankments. The modelling approach is validated against recent experimental studies before being applied to extend the understanding of soil arching. The findings have implications for the theoretical understanding of soil arching, future experimental studies and the practical design of column supported embankments.
Classical Langevin Dynamics for Model Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Cohen, Morrel H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for extending the model Hamiltonian method developed originally for studying the equilibrium properties of complex perovskite systems to include Langevin dynamics. The extension is based on Zwanzig's treatment of nonlinear generalized Langevin's equations. The parameters entering the equations of motion are to be determined by mapping from first-principles calculations, as in the original model Hamiltonian method. The scheme makes possible, in principle, the study of the dynamics and kinetics of structural transformations inaccessible to the original model Hamiltonian method. Moreover, we show that the equilibrium properties are governed by an effective Hamiltonian which differs from that used in previous work by a term which captures the coherent part of the previously ignored dynamical interaction with the omitted degrees of freedom. We describe how the additional information required for the Langevin equations can be obtained by a minor extension of the previous mapping.
description: 5 pages, no figures, to appear in Physica Status Solidi; replacement acknowledges funding agency
What is the amplitude of the Gravitational Waves background expected in the Starobinsky model ?
Creators: name: Renzi, Fabrizio
name: Shokri, Mehdi
name: Melchiorri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inflationary model proposed by Starobinski in 1979 predicts an amplitude of the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves, parametrized by the tensor to scalar ratio, of $r=0.0037$ in case of a scalar spectral index of $n_S=0.965$. This amplitude is currently used as a target value in the design of future CMB experiments with the ultimate goal of measuring it at more than five standard deviations. Here we evaluate how stable are the predictions of the Starobinski model on $r$ considering the experimental uncertainties on $n_S$ and the assumption of $Λ$CDM. We also consider inflationary models where the $R^2$ term in Starobinsky action is generalized to a $R^{2p}$ term with index $p$ close to unity. We found that current data place a lower limit of $r>0.0013$ at $95 \%$ C.L. for the classic Starobinski model, and predict also a running of the scalar index different from zero at more than three standard deviation in the range $dn/dlnk=-0.0006_{-0.0001}^{+0.0002}$. A level of gravitational waves of $r\sim0.001$ is therefore possible in the Starobinski scenario and it will not be clearly detectable by future CMB missions as LiteBIRD and CMB-S4. When assuming a more general $R^{2p}$ inflation we found no expected lower limit on $r$, and a running consistent with zero. We found that current data are able to place a tight constraints on the index of $R^{2p}$ models at $95\%$ C.L. i.e. $p= 0.99^{+0.02}_{-0.03}$.
description: Corrected a typo in the potential normalization
Global Oil Resources and the Persian Gulf: Security and Democracy
Creators: name: Chapman, Duane
name: Chapman, Duane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The oil of the Persian Gulf has been of considerable interest to oil companies and Western governments (and to Russia) for more than a century. Remaining global conventional crude oil resources are on the order of 3 trillion barrels, with more than 50% of that amount in the Persian Gulf. Since 1986, a price range framework has resulted in stable crude oil prices and reliable supply. In economic terms, it is a Nash game theory equilibrium between Gulf producers and Western (and Asian) consumers. Military support is an important part of the system. Given the very low cost of production in the region (about $5 per barrel) and the great magnitude of resources, the oil wealth in the Gulf is on the order of $60 trillion. It is the existence of past and potential efforts to seize this resource which creates a major policy problem for the 8 countries in the region and for global security. The security framework which made a stable world oil market possible has itself contributed to growing instability in individual countries, the rise of Al Qaeda, and the U.S. occupation of Iraq. There are three broad policy approaches to this dilemma. The dominant policy in the 1973-1990 period was generally a “hands off” position by the U.S. and Europe. In the years following the Gulf War (1991-current) a security system has been organized and led by the United States. A third type of security structure would be essentially international. The paper concludes by discussing each approach in the context of 6 conditions or requirements for democratic governments and a stable world oil market.
Event-by-Event Analysis of Proton-Induced Nuclear Multifragmentation: Determination of Phase Transition Universality-Class in System with Extreme Finite-Size Constraints
Creators: name: Berkenbusch, M. Kleine
name: Bauer, W.
name: Dillman, K.
name: Pratt, S.
name: Beaulieu, L.
name: Kwiatkowski, K.
name: Lefort, T.
name: Hsi, W. -c.
name: Viola, V.
name: Yennello, S. J.
name: Korteling, R. G.
name: Breuer, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A percolation model of nuclear fragmentation is used to interpret 10.2 GeV/c p+197Au multi-fragmentation data. Emphasis is put on finding signatures of a continuous nuclear matter phase transition in finite nuclear systems. Based on model calculations, corrections accounting for physical constraints of the fragment detection and sequential decay processes are derived. Strong circumstantial evidence for a continuous phase transition is found, and the values of two critical exponents, sigma = 0.5+-0.1 and tau = 2.35+-0.05, are extracted from the data. A critical temperature of T_c = 8.3+-0.2 MeV is found.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
ЧАСТОТА И КЛИНИКО-АНАТОМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АНОРЕКТАЛЬНЫХ МАЛЬФОРМАЦИЙ У МАЛЬЧИКОВ
Creators: name: Дусалиев, Ф.М.
name: Хуррамов, Ф.М.
name: Хамидов, Б.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В статье проанализированы частота, клинико-анатомические особенности и характер сопутствующих аномалий при аноректальных мальформациях у 246 мальчиков из 504 детей с указанной патологией, наблюдавшихся в клинических базах кафедры госпитальной детской хирургии ТашПМИ. 220 (89,4%) из 246 больных отнесены в группу основных клинических форм; 26 (10,6%) - редких региональных форм АРМ. Для верификации нозологических форм и ассоциированных аномалий использовали специальные методы диагностики. Рецидивные и ятрогенные ректоуретральные свищи представляют сложность в диагностике.
Dissipative Bose-Josephson junction coupled to bosonic baths
Creators: name: Sinha, Sudip
name: Sinha, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of dissipation in a Bose-Josephson junction (BJJ) coupled to bath of bosons at two sites. Apart from the dynamical transition due to repulsive interactions, the BJJ undergoes a quantum phase transition by increasing the coupling strength with the bath modes. We analyze this system by mapping to an equivalent spin model coupled to the bosonic modes. The excitation energies and fluctuation of number imbalance are obtained within Holstein-Primakoff approximation, which exhibit vanishing of energy gap and enhanced quantum fluctuations at the critical coupling. We study the dynamics of BJJ using time dependent variational method and analyze stability of different types of steady states. As a special case we study in details the phase space dynamics of BJJ coupled to a single mode, which reveals diffusive and incoherent behaviour with increasing coupling to the bath mode. The dynamical steady states corresponding to the Pi-oscillation and self-trapped state become unstable in the region where their oscillation frequencies are in resonance with the bath modes. We investigate the time evolution of number imbalance and relative phase in presence of Ohmic bath with Gaussian noise to incorporate thermal fluctuations. Apart from damping of Josephson oscillations and transition to symmetry broken state for strong coupling we observe decay of Pi-oscillation and self-trapped state to the ground state as a result of dissipation. Variation of phase fluctuation with temperature of the bath shows similar behaviour as observed in experiment. Finally we discuss the experimental setup to study the observable effects of dissipation in BJJ.
Exploring Male And Female Healthcare Provider Communication With Alzheimer’s Patients: A Qualitative Study
Creators: name: Lyu, Ying
Publisher: name: IUPUI ScholarWorks
Year: 2021
Subjects: Communication trainings
Gender communication
Alzheimer's disease
Qualitative study

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: Today, Alzheimer’s is a devastating disease that affects more than 46.8 million people worldwide. Caring for people with AD is stressful and emotionally draining for both family members and healthcare providers and would be exacerbated by the breakdown in communication. While communication challenges can take many forms, one understudied area in AD patient-provider communication is how gender role might affect the outcomes and perceived feelings during interaction. Without knowledge and attentiveness of how gender may affect patient-provider communication, healthcare providers may become more frustrated in their attempts to apply unadjusted skills, which can cause further breakdown and stress. This study is to explore how gender might be a role affecting caregiving communication within the context of Alzheimer’s. Eleven participants were recruited to have a semi-structured interview through online flyers. The findings from this study yield broad suggestions for future work within the field of Alzheimer’s communication research and specific suggestions for designing the communication training.
Sampling Limits for Electron Tomography with Sparsity-exploiting Reconstructions
Creators: name: Jiang, Yi
name: Padgett, Elliot
name: Hovden, Robert
name: Muller, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron tomography (ET) has become a standard technique for 3D characterization of materials at the nano-scale. Traditional reconstruction algorithms such as weighted back projection suffer from disruptive artifacts with insufficient projections. Popularized by compressed sensing, sparsity-exploiting algorithms have been applied to experimental ET data and show promise for improving reconstruction quality or reducing the total beam dose applied to a specimen. Nevertheless, theoretical bounds for these methods have been less explored in the context of ET applications. Here, we perform numerical simulations to investigate performance of l_1-norm and total-variation (TV) minimization under various imaging conditions. From 36,100 different simulated structures, our results show specimens with more complex structures generally require more projections for exact reconstruction. However, once sufficient data is acquired, dividing the beam dose over more projections provides no improvements - analogous to the traditional dose-fraction theorem. Moreover, a limited tilt range of +-75 or less can result in distorting artifacts in sparsity-exploiting reconstructions. The influence of optimization parameters on reconstructions is also discussed.
Distribution of the Food Supply of the United States
Creators: name: Burk, Marguerite C.
name: Burk, Marguerite C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The production and distribution of food is perhaps the most important single vertical segment of our national economy. More than one-fourth of our personal disposable income goes for food. On the other side of the picture, our farmers receive more than two-thirds of their income from sales of food commodities and perhaps a third of all retail trade is accounted for by sales of food. Substantial proportions of other types of economic activity, such as manufacturing and transportation, are concerned with food. In order to gain insight into the future prospects for the demand for food produced by our farms, processed by our factories, and distributed by our marketing system, we need an over-all perspective of the pattern of food marketing or utilization in recent years. This article, prepared under the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (RMA, Title II), is based on a study undertaken to provide such an over-all picture by drawing on all available data.
The physical properties of the Ly-Alpha forest at z > 1.5
Creators: name: Kim, Tae-Sun
name: Carswell, Robert F.
name: Cristiani, Stefano
name: D'Odorico, Sandro
name: Giallongo, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining a new, increased dataset of 8 QSOs covering the Ly-alpha forest at redshifts 1.5 < z < 3.6 from VLT/UVES observations with previously published results, we have investigated the properties of the Ly-alpha forest at 1.5 < z < 4. We have fitted Voigt profiles to the Ly-alpha absorption lines as in previous studies, and have, for two QSOs, fitted Ly-alpha at z ~ 2.2 and higher order of Lyman lines down to 3050 Angstrom simultaneously. For a given HI column density range, the Ly-alpha forest at 1.5 < z < 4 shows the monotonic evolution, in terms of the line number density and the HI opacity. For higher column density clouds at 10^{14} cm^(-2),there is a variation in the line number density from sightline to sightline at z < 2.5. This variation is stronger for higher column density systems, probably due to more gravitationally evolved structures at lower z. The correlation strength of the step optical depth correlation function shows the strong evolution from z ~ 3.3 to z ~ 2.1, although there is a large scatter along different sightlines. The analyses of the Ly-beta forest at z ~ 2.2 are, in general, in good agreement with those of the Ly-alpha forest.
description: 21 Pages; 19 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Risk reduction in maize production using weather put option
Creators: name: Markovic, Todor
name: Martinovska-Stojcheska, Aleksandra
name: Ivanović, Sanjin
name: Markovic, Todor
name: Martinovska-Stojcheska, Aleksandra
name: Ivanović, Sanjin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: basis risk of production
subject: maize
subject: geographical basis risk
subject: revenue
subject: weather put option
subject: bazni rizik u proizvodnji
subject: kukuruz
subject: zemljopisni bazni rizik
subject: prihod
subject: vremenska prodajna opcija

description: The aim of this paper is to provide the basic theoretical assumptions about the weather derivatives and to quantify the risk reducing effect of rainfall put-options by applying a stochastic simulation. For this simulation we analyzed the yield data obtained from the maize producing farm located in the central part of Srem (Serbia). A nearby weather station contributed the meteorological data. To attain this goal, we analyze and compare three cases: Revenue without put-option, revenue with put-option, with basis risk and revenue with put-option, without basis risk. In comparison with having no rainfall put-option, the farmer can hedge 10.000 RSD ha-1 with the put-option, considering the basis risk, and even 20.000 RSD ha-1 when not considering basis risk. Consequently the hedging efficiency of the rainfall put-option is substantial in our example.....Cilj ovoga rada jest ponuditi temeljne teoretske pretpostavke u vezi s vremenskim derivatima i učinkom vremenske prodajne opcije na temelju količine padalina na smanjenja rizika primjenom stohastičke simulacije. Za potrebe simulacije provedena je analiza podataka o prinosu dobivenih s poljoprivrednog dobra na kojem se proizvodi kukuruz, a koje se nalazi u središnjem Srijemu (Srbija). Meteorološka postaja, smještena u neposrednoj blizini, bila je izvor meteoroloških podataka. Kako bi smo ostvarili cilj, analizirali smo i usporedili tri slučaja: prihod bez primjene vremenske prodajne opcije, prihod uz primjenu vremenske prodajne opcije s baznim rizikom, i prihod uz primjenu vremenske prodajne opcije bez baznog rizika. U odnosu na neprimjenjivanje vremenske prodajne opcije, poljoprivredni proizvođač može zaštititi od rizika 10,000 RSD haˉ¹ uz primjenu vremenske prodajne opcije s baznim rizikom, odnosnlo 20,000RSD haˉ¹ bez baznog rizika. Iz toga slijedi da učinkovitost eliminacije rizika primjenom vremenske prodajne opcije na temelju količine padalina ima značajnu ulogu u našem primjeru
The Evolution and Origin of Ionized Gas Velocity Dispersion from $z\sim2.6$ to $z\sim0.6$ with KMOS$^{\rm 3D}$
Creators: name: Übler, Hannah D. N.
name: Genzel, Reinhard
name: Wisnioski, Emily
name: Schreiber, Natascha M. Förster
name: Shimizu, T. Taro
name: Price, Sedona H.
name: Tacconi, Linda J.
name: Belli, Sirio
name: Wilman, David J.
name: Fossati, Matteo
name: Mendel, J. Trevor
name: Davies, Rebecca L.
name: Beifiori, Alessandra
name: Bender, Ralf
name: Brammer, Gabriel B.
name: Burkert, Andreas
name: Chan, Jeffrey
name: Davies, Richard I.
name: Fabricius, Maximilian
name: Galametz, Audrey
name: Herrera-Camus, Rodrigo
name: Lang, Philipp
name: Lutz, Dieter
name: Momcheva, Ivelina G.
name: Naab, Thorsten
name: Nelson, Erica J.
name: Saglia, Roberto P.
name: Tadaki, Ken-ichi
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
name: Wuyts, Stijn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the $0.6
description: ~30 pages, 16 figures, 9 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ
Merger Histories in Warm Dark Matter Structure Formation Scenario
Creators: name: Knebe, Alexander
name: Devriendt, Julien
name: Mahmood, Asim
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations on galactic scales seem to be in contradiction with recent high resolution N-body simulations. This so-called cold dark matter (CDM) crisis has been addressed in several ways, ranging from a change in fundamental physics by introducing self-interacting cold dark matter particles to a tuning of complex astrophysical processes such as global and/or local feedback. All these efforts attempt to soften density profiles and reduce the abundance of satellites in simulated galaxy halos. In this paper, we explore a somewhat different approach which consists of filtering the dark matter power spectrum on small scales, thereby altering the formation history of low mass objects. The physical motivation for damping these fluctuations lies in the possibility that the dark matter particles have a different nature i.e. are warm (WDM) rather than cold. We show that this leads to some interesting new results in terms of the merger history and large-scale distribution of low mass halos, as compared to the standard CDM scenario. However, WDM does not appear to be the ultimate solution, in the sense that it is not able to fully solve the CDM crisis, even though one of the main drawbacks, namely the abundance of satellites, can be remedied. Indeed, the cuspiness of the halo profiles still persists, at all redshifts, and for all halos and sub-halos that we investigated. Despite the persistence of the cuspiness problem of DM halos, WDM seems to be still worth taking seriously, as it alleviates the problems of overabundant sub-structures in galactic halos and possibly the lack of angular momentum of simulated disk galaxies. WDM also lessens the need to invoke strong feedback to solve these problems, and may provide a natural explanation of the clustering properties and ages of dwarfs.
description: 11 pages, 17 figures, MNRAS submitted, high-res figures can be found at http://www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/users/AlexanderKnebe/publications.html, replaced with accepted version (warmon masses corrected!)