cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Static and Dynamical Spin Correlations in the Kitaev Model at Finite Temperatures via Green's Function Equation of Motion
Creators: name: Takegami, Hibiki
name: Morinari, Takao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kitaev model, renowned for its exact solvability and potential to host non-Abelian anyons, remains a focal point in the study of quantum spin liquids and topological phases. While much of the existing literature has employed Majorana fermion techniques to analyze the model, particularly at zero temperature, its finite-temperature behavior has been less thoroughly explored via alternative approaches. In this paper, we investigate the finite-temperature properties of the Kitaev model using the spin Green's function formalism. This approach enables the computation of key physical quantities such as spin correlations, magnetic susceptibility, and the dynamical spin structure factor, offering crucial insights into the system's thermal dynamics. In solving the equation of motion for the spin Green's function, we truncate the hierarchy of multi-spin Green's functions using a decoupling approximation, which proves to be particularly accurate at high temperatures. Our results show several similarities with Majorana-based numerical simulations, though notable differences emerge. Specifically, both static and dynamical spin-spin correlation functions capture not only $\mathbb{Z}_2$ flux excitations but also simple spin-flip excitations, with the latter overshadowing the former. Interestingly, without explicitly assuming fractionalization, our results for the spin susceptibility and spin relaxation rate still suggest the presence of fermionic degrees of freedom at low temperatures. This study provides a complementary approach to understanding the thermal properties of the Kitaev model, which could be relevant for future experiments and theoretical investigations.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures; revised version accepted for publication in PRB
Equation of State of Gluon Plasma from Fundamental Modular Region
Creators: name: Zwanziger, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical studies of the bulk properties of the quark-gluon plasma reveal a pronounced drop in pressure $p$ compared to energy density $\e$ as the deconfining temperature is approached from above. We show by general thermodynamic reasoning that this can be explained only by a term $LT$ in the trace anomaly $þ(T) = \e - 3p$ that is linear in the temperature $T$. Such a term appears in the equation of state of the gluon plasma, which we calculate, described as a gas of quasi-particle gluons with dispersion relation $E(k) = \sqrt{k^2 + {M^4 \over k^2}}$, that follows from the restriction of the configuration space to the fundamental modular region.
description: 4 pages, 0 figures
RAISING RIVALS’ COSTS STRATEGYAND LOCALISED AGRO-FOOD SYSTEMS IN EUROPE
Creators: name: Barjolle, Dominique
name: Jeanneaux, Philippe
name: Meyer, Dorothee
name: Barjolle, Dominique
name: Jeanneaux, Philippe
name: Meyer, Dorothee
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: PDO
subject: localised agro-food system
subject: Raising Rivals’ Costs
subject: governance of LAFS

description: For some Localised Agro-Food Systems (LAFS), for ex. Comté in France, Gruyère in Switzerland, the cheese and milk prices are above average whilst others as for example the Cantal from France are similar or even below average. The objective of this paper is to shed light on levers which the agents activate to assure their uniqueness is irrevocable, and uphold the benefits of their LAFS. Raising Rivals' Costs Theory gives interesting point of view about the behaviour of firms which could make use of the collective rules to raise the costs of their competitors in the particular case of LAFS oriented to the production of traditional cheeses. This will be explored through two cases studies. In the first case (territorial collective governance mode of the local supply chain), the conditions are met to conclude that the raising costs strategy corresponds to requirements which are based to a corresponding quality which meets consumers’ expectations and willingness to pay. In the second case (sectoral governance mode), few firms have taken control on the supply chain and have imposed with the time a model based on costs leadership. As conclusion, a case-by-case in-depth approach is necessary to assess whether strategy to raise costs of the rivals damages consumers welfare in the case of PDO supply chains.
On a subdiffusive tumour growth model with fractional time derivative
Creators: name: Fritz, Marvin
name: Kuttler, Christina
name: Rajendran, Mabel L.
name: Wohlmuth, Barbara
name: Scarabosio, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 35K35, 35A01, 35D30, 35Q92, 65M60, 35R11

description: In this work, we present and analyse a system of coupled partial differential equations, which models tumour growth under the influence of subdiffusion, mechanical effects, nutrient supply, and chemotherapy. The subdiffusion of the system is modelled by a time fractional derivative in the equation governing the volume fraction of the tumour cells. The mass densities of the nutrients and the chemotherapeutic agents are modelled by reaction diffusion equations. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution to the model via the Faedo--Galerkin method and the application of appropriate compactness theorems. Lastly, we propose a fully discretised system and illustrate the effects of the fractional derivative and the influence of the fractional parameter in numerical examples.
Random Delays and the Synchronization of Chaotic Maps
Creators: name: Masoller, Cristina
name: Marti, Arturo C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of an array of logistic maps coupled with random delay times. We report that for adequate coupling strength the array is able to synchronize, in spite of the random delays. Specifically, we find that the synchronized state is a homogeneous steady-state, where the chaotic dynamics of the individual maps is suppressed. This differs drastically from the synchronization with instantaneous and fixed-delay coupling, as in those cases the dynamics is chaotic. Also in contrast with the instantaneous and fixed-delay cases, the synchronization does not dependent on the connection topology, depends only on the average number of links per node. We find a scaling law that relates the distance to synchronization with the randomness of the delays. We also carry out a statistical linear stability analysis that confirms the numerical results and provides a better understanding of the nontrivial roles of random delayed interactions.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Cosmology from Moduli Dynamics
Creators: name: Biswas, Tirthabir
name: Jaikumar, Prashanth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate moduli field dynamics in supergravity/M-theory like set ups where we turn on fluxes along some or all of the extra dimensions. As has been argued in the context of string theory, we observe that the fluxes tend to stabilize the squashing (or shape) modes. Generically we find that at late times the shape is frozen while the radion evolves as a quintessence field. At earlier times we have a phase of radiation domination where both the volume and the shape moduli are slowly evolving. However, depending on the initial conditions and the parameters of the theory, like the value of the fluxes, curvature of the internal manifold and so on, the dynamics of the internal manifold can be richer with interesting cosmological consequences, including inflation.
description: 38 pages, 6 figures; references added
Modeling Physical/Digital Systems: Formal Event-B vs. Diagrammatic Thinging Machine
Creators: name: Al-Fedaghi, Sabah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Models are centrally important in many scientific fields. A model is a representation of a selected part of the world, which is the model s target system. Here, a system consists of a software portion as a component among many others. Event-B is a modeling method for formalizing and developing systems whose components can be modeled based on set theory and first-order logic. The thinging machine (TM) is a diagram-based model establishes three levels of representation: (1) a static structural description, which is constructed upon the flow of things in five generic operations (activities; i.e., create, process, release, transfer, and receive); (2) a dynamic representation, which identifies hierarchies of events based on five generic events; and (3) a behavioral representation according to the chronology of events. This paper is an exercise in contrasting the formal Event-B to the diagrammatic TM. The purpose is to further understand modeling in computer science. This is motivated by the claim that computer scientists should not invent specific languages to do the modeling. Important notions such as events and behavior are contrasted, and a case study system of traffic on a bridge is modeled in Event-B and TM. The results seem to indicate the need for both modeling approaches.
description: 13 pages, 18 figures
Additional file 1 of Recruitment pattern of the diaphragm and extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles in response to different levels of pressure support
Creators: name: L. H. Roesthuis
name: J. G. Van Der Hoeven
name: H. W. H. Van Hees
name: W.-J. M. Schellekens
name: J. Doorduin
name: Heunks, L. M. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Additional figures.
The Hough transform estimator
Creators: name: Goldenshluger, Alexander
name: Zeevi, Assaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62F12, 62F35, 68T45 (Primary)

description: This article pursues a statistical study of the Hough transform, the celebrated computer vision algorithm used to detect the presence of lines in a noisy image. We first study asymptotic properties of the Hough transform estimator, whose objective is to find the line that ``best'' fits a set of planar points. In particular, we establish strong consistency and rates of convergence, and characterize the limiting distribution of the Hough transform estimator. While the convergence rates are seen to be slower than those found in some standard regression methods, the Hough transform estimator is shown to be more robust as measured by its breakdown point. We next study the Hough transform in the context of the problem of detecting multiple lines. This is addressed via the framework of excess mass functionals and modality testing. Throughout, several numerical examples help illustrate various properties of the estimator. Relations between the Hough transform and more mainstream statistical paradigms and methods are discussed as well.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000760 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Factors Affecting the Impact of CAP Scenarios on Farm Structure: An Analysis Based on Stated Intentions
Creators: name: Bartolini, Fabio
name: Viaggi, Davide
name: Bartolini, Fabio
name: Viaggi, Davide
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: structural changes
subject: CAP
subject: stated intentions
subject: multinomial logit

description: Several authors have emphasised the effect of agricultural policy (such as SFP) as a driver of structural change. This paper aims to identify the determinants of the change in the use of productive factors under different policy scenarios. The analysis is performed ex ante, assessing the effect of CAP abolishment (as compared to the current CAP) on the use of productive factors, based on stated intentions by farmers. The results highlight the role of farm size, intensity and education in determining different patterns of reaction to policy changes. Also differences are identified among the three main component of structural change, land, capital and labour, with the latter being the less dependent upon the CAP.
Spassapensiere_Nelle bocche di gentaglia_libretto_IT.pdf
Creators: name: EnsembleSpassapensiere, LIONELLO
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 360306
subject: Musicology and ethnomusicology
classificationCode: 439999
subject: Other history, heritage and archaeology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 360304
subject: Music performance

description: Ensemble SpassapensiereNelle bocche di gentagliaLibretto in italiano
Fast Non-Parametric Bayesian Inference on Infinite Trees
Creators: name: Hutter, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62G07; 60B10; 68W99

description: Given i.i.d. data from an unknown distribution, we consider the problem of predicting future items. An adaptive way to estimate the probability density is to recursively subdivide the domain to an appropriate data-dependent granularity. A Bayesian would assign a data-independent prior probability to "subdivide", which leads to a prior over infinite(ly many) trees. We derive an exact, fast, and simple inference algorithm for such a prior, for the data evidence, the predictive distribution, the effective model dimension, and other quantities.
description: 8 twocolumn pages, 3 figures
Impacts of Promoting Perennial Crops in the French Agriculture
Creators: name: Fradj, Nosra Ben
name: Jayet, Pierre-Alain
name: Fradj, Nosra Ben
name: Jayet, Pierre-Alain
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: lignocellulosic perennial crop
subject: bio-energy
subject: mathematical linear programming
subject: land use
subject: N-input demand

description: This paper is devoted to a quantitative analysis of the introduction of perennial crop in a short-term supply model. The analysis provides assessment of impacts regarding land use and N-input demand. We show that a variation in yield or the subsidy amount of miscanthus leads to a significant change in land use and N-input.
Additional file 2 of An Adenylate Kinase OsAK3 Involves Brassinosteroid Signaling and Grain Length in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiaqi
name: Gao, Xiuying
name: Cai, Guang
name: Wang, Yuji
name: Li, Jianbo
name: Du, Huaying
name: Wang, Ruqin
name: Zhang, Hongsheng
name: Huang, Ji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Colorimetric quantitation of OsAK3 activity in the presence of qGL3 in vitro. Fig. S2. OsAK4 has the highest homology with OsAK3 and interacts with qGL3. Fig. S3. Genotyping analysis of osak3 and osak3-r mutant. Fig. S4. Morphological characteristics of osak3-r mutant. Fig. S5. Effects of BL treatment in osak3-r. Fig. S6. Effects of BL treatment in osak3. Fig. S7. Effects of BL treatment in OsAK3-OXs plants. Fig. S8. RT-qPCR verification of DEGs selected from RNA-seq. Fig. S9. Overview of the DEGs between DJ and osak3 mutant. Fig. S10. OsAK3 is involved in multiple phytohormone signaling pathways and stress responses. Fig. S11. A working model for the functions of OsAK3 in BR signaling and plant growth and development.
Additional file 1 of Antenatal testing for anaemia, HIV and syphilis in Indonesia – a health systems analysis of low coverage
Creators: name: C. Baker
name: R. Limato
name: P. Tumbelaka
name: B. B. Rewari
name: S. Nasir
name: R. Ahmed
name: Taegtmeyer, M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Example topic guide, version for district and national level interviews (English version)
Additional file 1 of Astrocytic C–X–C motif chemokine ligand-1 mediates β-amyloid-induced synaptotoxicity
Creators: name: Perez-Nievas, Beatriz G.
name: Johnson, Louisa
name: Beltran-Lobo, Paula
name: Hughes, Martina M.
name: Gammallieri, Luciana
name: Tarsitano, Francesca
name: Myszczynska, Monika A.
name: Vazquez-Villasenor, Irina
name: Jimenez-Sanchez, Maria
name: Troakes, Claire
name: Wharton, Stephen B.
name: Ferraiuolo, Laura
name: Noble, Wendy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Immunodepletion of Aβ from astrocyte medium with 6E10. Figure S2. Measures of neuronal health and complexity in mouse neurons challenged with WTCM astro, TGCM astro and TGCM astro-ID. Figure S3. Measures of neuronal health and complexity in LUHMES challenged with WTCM h-astro, TGCM h-astro and TGCM h-astro-ID. Figure S4. Immunofluorescence of tau relative to MAP2 in neurons exposed to CXCL1.
Wavelet-based estimation with multiple sampling rates
Creators: name: Hall, Peter
name: Penev, Spiridon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G08 (Primary) 62P30 (Secondary)

description: We suggest an adaptive sampling rule for obtaining information from noisy signals using wavelet methods. The technique involves increasing the sampling rate when relatively high-frequency terms are incorporated into the wavelet estimator, and decreasing it when, again using thresholded terms as an empirical guide, signal complexity is judged to have decreased. Through sampling in this way the algorithm is able to accurately recover relatively complex signals without increasing the long-run average expense of sampling. It achieves this level of performance by exploiting the opportunities for near-real time sampling that are available if one uses a relatively high primary resolution level when constructing the basic wavelet estimator. In the practical problems that motivate the work, where signal to noise ratio is particularly high and the long-run average sampling rate may be several hundred thousand operations per second, high primary resolution levels are quite feasible.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000751 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
On fault tolerant single-shot logical state preparation and robust long-range entanglement
Creators: name: Bergamaschi, Thiago
name: Liu, Yunchao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Preparing encoded logical states is the first step in a fault-tolerant quantum computation. Standard approaches based on concatenation or repeated measurement incur a significant time overhead. The Raussendorf-Bravyi-Harrington cluster state offers an alternative: a single-shot preparation of encoded states of the surface code, by means of a constant depth quantum circuit, followed by a single round of measurement and classical feedforward. In this work we generalize this approach and prove that single-shot logical state preparation can be achieved for arbitrary quantum LDPC codes. Our proof relies on a minimum-weight decoder and is based on a generalization of Gottesman's clustering-of-errors argument. As an application, we also prove single-shot preparation of the encoded GHZ state in arbitrary quantum LDPC codes. This shows that adaptive noisy constant depth quantum circuits are capable of generating generic robust long-range entanglement.
description: 32 pages. To appear in ITCS 2025
Additional file 2 of Identification of a conserved var gene in different Plasmodium falciparum strains
Creators: name: Dimonte, Sandra
name: Bruske, Ellen I.
name: Enderes, Corinna
name: Otto, Thomas D.
name: Turner, Louise
name: Kremsner, Peter
name: Frank, Matthias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. base pair length and He of 57 MS across the population of field isolates.
First exotic hadron with open heavy flavor: $cs\bar u\bar d$ tetraquark
Creators: name: Karliner, Marek
name: Rosner, Jonathan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LHCb Collaboration has reported resonant activity in the channel $D^+ K^-$, identifying two components: $X_0(2900)$ with $J^P = 0^+$ at $2866 {\pm} 7$ MeV, $Γ_0=57{\pm} 13$ MeV and $X_1(2900)$ with $J^P = 1^-$ at $2904 {\pm} 7$ MeV, $Γ_1=110{\pm} 12$ MeV. We interpret the $X_0(2900)$ component as a $cs \bar u\bar d$ isosinglet compact tetraquark, calculating its mass to be $2863 {\pm} 12$ MeV. This is the first exotic hadron with open heavy flavor. The analogous $bs\bar u\bar d$ tetraquark is predicted at $6213 {\pm} 12$ MeV. We discuss possible interpretations of the heavier and wider $X_1(2900)$ state and examine potential implications for other systems with two heavy quarks.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure; some additional physics comments; added references
Trends in the Production, Trade, and Consumption of Food-Legume Crops in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Akibode, Comlanvi Sitou
name: Akibode, Comlanvi Sitou
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security
subject: Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Marketing
subject: Production Economics

description: Food legumes in Sub-Saharan Africa play a vital role by being a source of livelihood for millions of people; and offer tremendous potential to contribute to the alleviation of malnutrition among resource-poor farmers. They contribute to the sustainability of cropping systems and soil fertility. Cowpea and dry beans are the two main food legume crops grown in Sub-Saharan Africa. Area harvested under all food legumes was more than 20 million ha in 2006-08, representing 28% of the global food legume area harvested. Yields are low compared to other developing and developed countries; however they have increased at an annual rate of 1.6% with an increase in production of 3.9% per year. The region has stayed a net importer over the period. Price has increased 5% in real terms from mid 1990s to 2006-08. Per capita availability for consumption has increased at an annual rate of 1.7% and is estimated to be 12.3 kg in 2006-08, which is about 35% higher than the average for developing countries. The future of the legume crop sector remains positive in Sub-Saharan Africa if these crops get the required policy attention in terms of research and institutional infrastructure. However, factors such as scientific breakthroughs and policies regarding competing crops for land use (such as biofuels) or protein sources are highly unpredictable and could rapidly change this positive outlook.
On nonparametric maximum likelihood for a class of stochastic inverse problems
Creators: name: Chafai, Djalil
name: Loubes, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G05; 34K29

description: We establish the consistency of a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator for a class of stochastic inverse problems. We proceed by embedding the framework into the general settings of early results of Pfanzagl related to mixtures.
Additional file 1 of More that unites us than divides us? A qualitative study of integration of community health and social care services
Creators: name: Mitchell, Claire
name: Tazzyman, Abigail
name: Howard, Susan J.
name: Hodgson, Damian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Interview schedule for integration of health and social care
Timelike Supersymmetric Solutions of D=3, N=4 Supergravity
Creators: name: Deger, Nihat Sadik
name: Deral, Ceren Ayse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study timelike supersymmetric solutions of a $D=3, N=4$ gauged supergravity using Killing spinor bilinears method and prove that AdS$_3$ is the only solution within this class. We then consider the ungauged version of this model. It is found that for this type of solutions, the ungauged theory effectively truncates to a supergravity coupled to a sigma model with a 2-dimensional hyperbolic target space $\mathbb{H}^2$, and all solutions can be expressed in terms of two arbitrary holomorphic functions. The spacetime metric is a warped product of the time direction with a 2-dimensional space, and the warp factor is given in terms of the Kähler potential of $\mathbb{H}^2$. We show that when the holomorphic function that determines the sigma model scalar fields is not constant, the metric on the sigma model target manifold becomes part of the spacetime metric. We then look at some special choices for these holomorphic functions for which the spacetime metric and the Killing spinors are only radial dependent. We also derive supersymmetric null solutions of the ungauged model which are pp-waves on the Minkowski spacetime.
description: 20 pages, v2: minor typos fixed
The Galactic 26Al Problem and The Close Binary SNIb/c Solution?
Creators: name: Higdon, J. C.
name: Lingenfelter, R. E.
name: Rothschild, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the long-lived radioactive 26Al, which has been observed in the Galactic interstellar medium from its 1.809 MeV decay gamma-ray line emission, has been a persistent problem for over twenty years. Wolf-Rayet (WR) winds were thought to be the most promising source, but their calculated 26Al yields are not consistent with recent analyses of the 1.809 MeV emission from the nearest WR star and nearby OB associations. The expected 26Al yield from the WR star exceeds by as much as a factor of 3, that set by the 2-sigma upper limit on the 1.809 MeV emission, while the WR yields in the OB associations are only about 1/3 of that required by the 1.809 MeV emission. We suggest that a solution to these problems may lie in 26Al from a previously ignored source: explosive nucleosynthesis in the core collapse SNIb/c supernovae of WR stars that have lost most of their mass to close binary companions. Recent nucleosynthetic calculations of SNIb/c suggest that their 26Al yields depend very strongly on the final, pre-supernova mass of the WR star, and that those with final masses around 6 to 8 solar masses are expected to produce as much as 0.01 solar masses of 26Al per supernova. Such binary SNIb/c make up only a small fraction of the current SNIb/c and only about 1% of all Galactic core collapse supernovae. They appear to be such prolific sources that the bulk of the present 26Al in the Galaxy may come from just a few hundred close binary SNIb/c and the intense 1.809 MeV emission from nearby OB associations may come from just one or two such supernova.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters, 611,10 August 2004
${\bf U} = \mathbf{C}^{1/2}$ and its invariants in terms of $\bf C$ and its invariants
Creators: name: Scott, N. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 74B20, 15A16

description: We consider $N\times N$ tensors for $N= 3,4,5,6$. In the case $N=3$, it is desired to find the three principal invariants $i_1, i_2, i_3$ of $\bf U$ in terms of the three principal invariants $I_1, I_2, I_3$ of ${\bf C}={\bf U}^2$. Equations connecting the $i_α$ and $I_α$ are obtained by taking determinants of the factorisation \[λ^2{\bf I}- {\bf C} = (λ{\bf I}- {\bf U}) (λ{\bf I}+ {\bf U})\] and comparing coefficients. On eliminating $i_2$ we obtain a quartic equation with coefficients depending solely on the $I_α$ whose largest root is $i_1$. Similarly, we may obtain a quartic equation whose largest root is $i_2$. For $N=4$ we find that $i_2$ is once again the largest root of a quartic equation and so all the $i_α$ are expressed in terms of the $I_α$. Then $\bf U$ and ${\bf U}^{-1}$ are expressed solely in terms of $\bf C$, as for $N=3$. For $N= 5$ we find, but do not exhibit, a twentieth degree polynomial of which $i_1$ is the largest root and which has four spurious zeros. We are unable to express the $i_α$ in terms of the $I_α$ for $N=5$. Nevertheless, $\bf U$ and ${\bf U}^{-1}$ are expressed in terms of powers of $\bf C$ with coefficients now depending on the $i_α$. For $N=6$ we find, but do not exhibit, a 32 degree polynomial which has largest root $i_1^2$. Sixteen of these roots are relevant but the other 16, which we exhibit, are spurious. $\bf U$ and ${\bf U}^{-1}$ are expressed in terms of powers of $\bf C$. The cases $N>6$ are discussed. Keywords: Continuum mechanics, polar decomposition, tensor square roots, principal invariants, cubic equations, quartic equations, equations of degree 16
description: 19 pages, 0 figures. Journal of Elasticity (2020)
Kovalevskaya Exponents and Poisson Structures
Creators: name: Borisov, A. V.
name: Dudoladov, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider generalizations of pairing relations for Kovalevskaya exponents in quasihomogeneous systems with quasihomogeneous tensor invariants. The case of presence of a Poisson structure in the system is investigated in more detail. We give some examples which illustrate general theorems.
description: 10 pages
The Wine Attributes with the Greatest Influence in the Process of Consumer Choice in Spain
Creators: name: Bernabeu, Rodolfo
name: Olmeda, Miguel
name: Diaz, Monica
name: Bernabeu, Rodolfo
name: Olmeda, Miguel
name: Diaz, Monica
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Consumer behaviour
subject: Wine attributes
subject: Food Marketing

description: The commercialisation of wine in Spain is problematic due to two concrete circumstances: the decrease in wine consumption because of a consumer shift toward substitute drinks and the greater presence of national and foreign wine in the interior market, which involves an increase in business competitiveness. The increase in competitiveness of quality Spanish wine depends on producing enterprises’ knowledge of wine consumer preferences so they can offer consumers what they demand. In order to respond to this matter and better adapt supply, 421 wine consumers were surveyed using the Best-Worst Scaling methodology. Various segmentations were also made by consumer income and age groups. The results indicate that the two main attributes which condition consumers in choosing wine are the region of origin and having tasted it previously. The region of origin attribute is valued in general by consumers over 34 years old who have a monthly family income above 1,500 €. The attribute of having tasted it before, which on many occasions is associated with the price attribute, is valued particularly by younger consumers and those with lower incomes.
Doubly resonant second-harmonic generation of a vortex beam from a bound state in the continuum
Creators: name: Wang, Jun
name: Clementi, Marco
name: Minkov, Momchil
name: Barone, Andrea
name: Carlin, Jean-François
name: Grandjean, Nicolas
name: Gerace, Dario
name: Fan, Shanhui
name: Galli, Matteo
name: Houdré, Romuald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Second harmonic generation in nonlinear materials can be greatly enhanced by realizing doubly-resonant cavities with high quality factors. However, fulfilling such doubly resonant condition in photonic crystal (PhC) cavities is a long-standing challenge, because of the difficulty in engineering photonic bandgaps around both frequencies. Here, by implementing a second-harmonic bound state in the continuum (BIC) and confining it with a heterostructure design, we show the first doubly-resonant PhC slab cavity with $2.4\times10^{-2}$ W$^{-1}$ conversion efficiency under continuous wave excitation. We also report the confirmation of highly normal-direction concentrated far-field emission pattern with radial polarization at the second harmonic frequency. These results represent a solid verification of previous theoretical predictions and a cornerstone achievement, not only for nonlinear frequency conversion but also for vortex beam generation and prospective nonclassical sources of radiation.
description: revtex4-2, 7 pages, 5 figures, conference CLEO
Assessing the application of decision analysis in stakeholder consultation in the mining industry
Creators: name: Thrift, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Earning and sustaining a "social license to operate" is of critical importance to the mining industry. Aligning mining practice with societal expectations of sustainability and public participation is crucial to achieving this aim. Multi-stakeholder Structured Decision Processes based on decision analysis are promising tools for effective stakeholder consultation, but have seen very little application in the mining industry. This innovative approach involves stakeholders in collaboratively building a structured decision framework that is transparent and grounded in principles of effective decision making. This thesis assesses the effectiveness of using decision analysis in consultation by evaluating a case study consultation process regarding the optimization of a tailings management plan at the Ekati Diamond Mine in the Northwest Territories, Canada. This represents the first time a decision analysis-based process has been used for project-based consultation with wide stakeholder involvement in the Canadian mining industry. The forces driving public participation and criteria for its evaluation, as well as the decision analysis approach are discussed. The case study process, involving the use of a decision analysis tool called Multiple Accounts Analysis (MAA), is evaluated from the perspective of its participants (including mining company staff) based on questionnaires and interviews using the critical incident technique. A strong majority of respondents were satisfied with the outcome of the process and an even greater majority recommended future use of MAA. Strength and weakness themes generated from inductive analysis of the data are discussed in detail. The most important strength themes are learning, engagement, facilitation and representation of values, and the most important weakness themes are unequal and insufficient participation, trust and transparency, and time constraints and time management. These themes are compared with the public participation evaluative frameworks found in the literature, which are based on government rather than corporate public participation efforts. Practical recommendations for improving the application of MAA to consultation, both at Ekati and at other mines, are given and drivers for further application of Structured Decision Processes in the mining industry are discussed.
FUNCTIONAL FOODS AS DIFFERENTIATED PRODUCTS
Creators: name: Bonanno, Alessandro
name: Bonanno, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Functional Foods
subject: Differentiated Products
subject: Distance Metric
subject: Yogurt

description: Food products providing health benefits beyond nutrition, or functional foods, draw consumers’ attention and promise growth opportunities for innovator food manufacturers. European functional food manufacturers may be facing future challenges, mainly due to the European Union Regulation (EC) No.1924/2006 regulating food products’ health-claims. However, in spite of the interest shown by academics to understand the acceptance of these products no study exists that analyzes the profitability of functional foods. Using a relatively novel methodology – an adaptation of the LA/AIDS model by means of Pinkse Slade and Brett’s (2002) distance metric (DM) method – this article treats functional foods as differentiated products and provides estimates of demand and profit margins for both conventional and functional alternatives sold in the Italian yogurt market. The results indicate that, in this market, the demand for functional products is often more inelastic than that for conventional ones and that brand loyalty plays a major role in consumers’ adoption of the functional alternatives. Results also suggest that, on average, functional yogurts deliver higher margins than their conventional counterparts, and that the increased profitability is due in large part to the specific presence of the functional attribute.
Dissipative phase transitions in the fully-connected Ising model with $p$-spin interaction
Creators: name: Wang, Pei
name: Fazio, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the driven-dissipative p-spin models for $p\geq 2$. In thermodynamics limit, the equation of motion is derived by using a semiclassical approach. The long-time asymptotic states are obtained analytically, which exhibit multi-stability in some regions of the parameter space. The steady state is unique as the number of spins is finite. But the thermodynamic limit of the steady-state magnetization displays nonanalytic behavior somewhere inside the semiclassical multi-stable region. We find both the first-order and continuous dissipative phase transitions. As the number of spins increases, both the Liouvillian gap and magnetization variance vanish according to a power law at the continuous transition. At the first-order transition, the gap vanishes exponentially accompanied by a jump of magnetization in thermodynamic limit. The properties of transitions depend on the symmetry and semiclassical multistability, being qualitatively different among $p=2$, odd $p$ ($p\geq 3$) and even $p$ ($p\geq 4$).
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 1 of The opposing trends of body mass index and blood pressure during 1977–2020; nationwide registry of 2.8 million male and female adolescents
Creators: name: Fishman, Boris
name: Zloof, Yair
name: Orr, Omri
name: Tsur, Avishai M.
name: Furer, Ariel
name: Omer Gilon, Ma’ayan
name: Chodick, Gabriel
name: Leiba, Adi
name: Derazne, Estela
name: Tzur, Dorit
name: Afek, Arnon
name: Grossman, Ehud
name: Twig, Gilad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The secular trends of BMI-adjusted systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure among A males (n = 16,27,557) and B females (n = 11,57,958), by 5-year time intervals. Figure S2. The secular trends of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and BMI among A males (n= 11,47,611) and B females (n = 8,17,085) with unimpaired health, by 5-year time intervals. Figure S3. The secular trends of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and BMI among A males (n = 13,67,901) and B females (n = 9,96,922) born in Israel, by 5-year time intervals.
Twisted Boundary Conditions in Lattice Simulations
Creators: name: Sachrajda, C. T.
name: Villadoro, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By imposing twisted boundary conditions on quark fields it is possible to access components of momenta other than integer multiples of 2pi/L on a lattice with spatial volume L^3. We use Chiral Perturbation Theory to study finite-volume effects with twisted boundary conditions for quantities without final-state interactions, such as meson masses, decay constants and semileptonic form factors, and confirm that they remain exponentially small with the volume. We show that this is also the case for "partially twisted" boundary conditions, in which (some of) the valence quarks satisfy twisted boundary conditions but the sea quarks satisfy periodic boundary conditions. This observation implies that it is not necessary to generate new gluon configurations for every choice of the twist angle, making the method much more practicable. For K->pipi decays we show that the breaking of isospin symmetry by the twisted boundary conditions implies that the amplitudes cannot be determined in general (on this point we disagree with a recent claim).
description: 1+12 pages, 1 figure
Hardware and Interference Limited Cooperative CR-NOMA Networks under Imperfect SIC and CSI
Creators: name: Arzykulov, Sultangali
name: Nauryzbayev, Galymzhan
name: Celik, Abdulkadir
name: Eltawil, Ahmed M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The conflation of cognitive radio (CR) and nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) concepts is a promising approach to fulfil the massive connectivity goals of future networks given the spectrum scarcity. Accordingly, this letter investigates the outage performance of imperfect cooperative CR-NOMA networks under hardware impairments and interference. Our analysis is involved with the derivation of the end-to-end outage probability (OP) for secondary NOMA users by accounting for imperfect channel state information (CSI), as well as the residual interference caused by successive interference cancellation (SIC) errors and coexisting primary/secondary users. The numerical results validated by Monte Carlo simulations show that CR-NOMA network provides a superior outage performance over orthogonal multiple access. As imperfections become more significant, CR-NOMA is observed to deliver relatively poor outage performance.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Continuous centrifugal concentrator operation and control
Creators: name: McLeavy, Michael J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A study was conducted to evaluate the operation and control of a continuous centrifugal gravity concentrator. The unit that was tested was a pilot scale Knelson Continuous Variable Discharge (CVD6) Concentrator. The primary objective was to determine the effects of the machine operating variables on separation performance; concentrate grade and recovery. The secondary objective was to use the results to develop an operating strategy for the concentrator. Thirdly, in testing the machine the practical limits of the equipment were determined in order to develop a basic understanding of where this technology could be applied commercially. To achieve these objectives four sets of pilot scale experiments were conducted including: 1. Quartz/magnetite statistical experimental design 2. Quartz/magnetite incremental testing 3. Synthetic sphalerite/quartz incremental testing 4. Pb/Zn flotation tailings plant testing at Hudson's Bay Mining and Smelting Statistical experimental design was used to rank the effects of operating variables on concentrator grade and recovery. The following table lists the operating variables in order, from most significant to least significant: [Table omitted] The first stage of research in evaluating the operating variables of the CVD was to evaluate the feed and machine variables using a statistical experimental design approach. This methodology was selected because of the large number of variables and was the only practical way to evaluate the individual variables and their interaction effects. A synthetic feed of quartz and magnetite was tested in a pilot plant that included a Knelson CVD6 concentrator. The result of the factorial design was a ranking of effects on both grade and recovery for each of the feed and machine variables. Testing of both synthetic quartz/magnetite and synthetic quartz/sphalerite resulted in a better understanding of the trends that result from incremental changes in operating variables. The plant testing at HBM&S created a large database of information that confirmed the information from the laboratory scale tests. Based on the results an operating strategy was developed that includes the following general strategy: • Identification of performance expectations • Testing to produce an array of results that span the spectrum of concentrator abilities • Identification of a performance boundary layer • Qualitative tuning of operating variables to approach boundary layer conditions • Fine tuning of operating variables using knowledge of the impact of individual operating variables Combining information from all of the test programs, the effect of particle specific gravity differential was investigated. The result was that the CVD was shown to be able to separate particles down to a specific gravity differential of 0.2. However, the practical limitation where a reasonable recovery was obtained was a differential of 2.
Combinatorial and metric properties of Thompson's group T
Creators: name: Burillo, Jose
name: Cleary, Sean
name: Stein, Melanie
name: Taback, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss metric and combinatorial properties of Thompson's group T, including normal forms for elements and unique tree pair diagram representatives. We relate these properties to those of Thompson's group F when possible, and highlight combinatorial differences between the two groups. We define a set of unique normal forms for elements of T arising from minimal factorizations of elements into natural pieces. We show that the number of carets in a reduced representative of an element of T estimates the word length, and that F is undistorted in T. We describe how to recognize torsion elements in T.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, corrects results in Section 5 and typos