cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Axial dispersion of the continuous phase in liquid-liquid extraction spray columns and internal sampling techniques
Creators: name: Lim, Choon Jim
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: An internal sampler, a plastic cup probe, was constructed to replace a funnel-probe for sampling the dispersed phase (methyl isobutyl ketone) in a liquid-liquid extraction spray column. The dispersed phase sample can be withdrawn from the column by the plastic cup probe without being contaminated with the continuous phase water. For runs in which the mass transfer is from the continuous phase to the dispersed phase, the plastic cup probe results agree with those obtained by the funnel-probe. On the other hand, for runs in which the direction of mass transfer is reversed, the plastic cup probe tends to give slightly lower dispersed phase concentrations than does the funnel-probe at the same sampling elevation. It is believed that both methods of measuring concentrations are correct within less than 2%. The effect of mass transfer on the axial dispersion coefficient of the continuous phase in a 1.5-in. I.D. liquid-liquid extraction spray column was studied for various superficial velocities of two phases, and for various partitionable solute (acetic acid) concentrations in the continuous phase fed to the column. Tracer solution (sodium chloride solution) was injected steadily into the continuous phase in the column. Axial concentration profiles of the tracer were measured upstream, with respect to the continuous phase, from the tracer distributor. The steady state form of the dispersion equation was used to calculate the axial dispersion coefficient of the continuous phase. The results obtained show that there is no effect of mass transfer on the axial dispersion coefficient within the range of the investigation. Drop size distribution and holdup of the dispersed phase in the column also were measured. The drop size distribution always shows two peaks. It was found that there is no effect of mass transfer on both the drop size distribution and on the dispersed phase holdups within the range of investigation.
title: The Effects of Previous Concussions on the Physiological Complexity of Motor Output During a Continuous Isometric Visual-Motor Tracking Task
Creators: name: Raikes, Adam C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The majority of clinical impairments following a concussion resolve within 7-10 days. However, there is limited clarity as to long-term impact of this injury on neurocognitive function, motor control, and particularly integration of these domains. While repetitive head trauma is associated with numerous neurological disorders, the link is not well described. Visual-motor tracking tasks have been used to identify differences in visual processing, error detection, and fine motor control in aging and numerous pathologies. Examining the complexity of motor output from visual-motor tracking provides insight into multiple cognitive and motor function domains, and into fine motor control used for daily living, work, and sport. The purpose of this dissertation was, therefore, to: (1) use multiple regression to determine the extent to which concussion history and symptoms (loss of consciousness and amnesia) influence visual-motor task performance multiscale complexity, and (2) determine whether task performance complexity can distinguish, through logistic regression and prediction, between individuals with and without a history of concussion. In study 1, individuals with (n = 35) and without (n = 15) a history of concussion performed a visual-motor tracking task. Men and women exhibited linear decreases in task performance complexity, as well as midand high-frequency task performance components, with increasing numbers of concussions. However, men and women exhibited differing patterns, as did those with and without a history of concussion-related loss of consciousness. Finally, trial-to-trial complexity variability increased with increasing numbers of concussions. Findings indicate (1) a cumulative reduction in the way in which previously concussed individuals process and integrate visual information to guide behavior and (2) gender is an important consideration in concussion-related visual-motor outcomes. In Study 2, individuals with (n = 85) and without (n = 42) a history of concussion performed a visualmotor tracking task. Linear and nonlinear measures of task performance were used to build gender-specific logistic classification models using 10-fold cross-validation. When ensuring 80% sensitivity, the best models were 75-80% accurate in predicting a history of concussion. Such discrimination has clinical value in identifying individuals who merit further evaluation and observation over time for conditions related to repetitive head traumas.
Broadcast copies reveal the quantumness of correlations
Creators: name: Piani, M.
name: Christandl, M.
name: Mora, C. E.
name: Horodecki, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantumness of bipartite correlations by proposing a quantity that combines a measure of total correlations -- mutual information -- with the notion of broadcast copies -- i.e., generally nonfactorized copies -- of bipartite states. By analyzing how our quantity increases with the number of broadcast copies, we are able to classify classical, separable, and entangled states. This motivates the definition of the broadcast regularization of mutual information, the asymptotic minimal mutual information per broadcast copy, which we show to have many properties of an entanglement measure.
description: 1 figure, 5 pages, more similar to the published version
Découverte de l'Ur-texte de Et les chiens se taisaient
Creators: name: Gil Fuentes, Alexander
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Literature

description: This brief piece tells the story of my discovery of the Saint-Dié Typescript of Et les chiens se taisaient. The text also provides a preliminary description of the typescript, a summary of the plot of the historical drama, as well as a brief comparison with the published version of 1946.
Natural colonisation and rehabilitation of a copper smelter desert, Mount Lyell, western Tasmania
Creators: name: Dawson, RS
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis investigates patterns of soil contamination and natural colonisation in an area deforested by a long-established, but decommissioned, copper smelter at Mount Lyell in western Tasmania. The rehabilitation of this area is investigated by modifying colonisation and species performance in relation to edaphic factors in accordance with succession management models. The distribution of soluble metals in soils along transects of increasing, downwind displacement from the smelter stacks provided evidence of Cu/Zn contamination and Al mobilization. A higher than expected soil pH suggested a partial reversal of the process of soil acidification by SO2 deposition. This may, in part, explain relatively low, near-smelter contamination levels at Mount Lyell in comparison to similar sites in the vicinity of smelters of world-renown. Nevertheless, colonising species grown in Mount Lyell soils exhibited severe growth abnormalities and these were linked to elevated water-extractable metal concentrations. A survey of the vascular flora, and multivariate analysis, were used to describe the composition and distribution of vegetation colonising the denuded western slopes of Mount Lyell. Compositional trends were explored in relation to edaphic factors by vector fitting, and a numerical classification of survey sites was used to group sites by characterising species coincidences. The classification was used to describe and map spatially distinct colonising communities that differed demonstrably in their tolerance to the phytotoxic metals present in the soils. Species with differential tolerances to the contaminants were identified. The naturalised, exotic grass Agrostis capillaris, was a wide-spread, metal-tolerant colonising species. In contrast, many local trees and shrubs were intolerant of the extreme site conditions. A strong spatial correspondence was evident between the colonising communities and contamination patterns in the vicinity of the smelter installations. Rehabilitation methods for severely eroded sites adjacent to the original smelters were investigated. Emphasis was placed on broadcast sowing as a means of native species re-introduction. A novel, non-destructive, mechanical seedbed preparation method was compared to a conventional method and was found to provide comparable seedling establishment. Low impact, seedbed preparation and application methods for steep, eroded slopes were also compared and dissimilar methods were found to enhance the establishment of colonising Acacia species. The ameliorative effects of field applications of lime on the growth of colonising seedlings were evaluated. The reclamation of Mount Lyell is discussed with reference to patterns of natural colonisation.
title: Modeling and Projection of the North American Monsoon Using a High-Resolution Regional Climate Model
Creators: name: Meyer, Jonathan D.D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: This dissertation aims to better understand how various climate modeling approaches affect the fidelity of the North American Monsoon (NAM), as well as the sensitivity of the future state of the NAM under a global warming scenario. Here, we improved over current fully-coupled general circulation models (GCM), which struggle to fully resolve the controlling dynamics responsible for the development and maintenance of the NAM. To accomplish this, we dynamically downscaled a GCM with a regional climate model (RCM). The advantage here being a higher model resolution that improves the representation of processes on scales beyond that which GCMs can resolve. However, as all RCM applications are subject to the transference of biases inherent to the parent GCM, this study developed and evaluated a process to reduce these biases. Pertaining to both precipitation and the various controlling dynamics of the NAM, we found simulations driven by these bias-corrected forcing conditions performed moderately better across a 32-year historical climatology than simulations driven by the original GCM data.
Current GCM consensus suggests future tropospheric warming associated with increased radiative forcing as greenhouse gas concentrations increase will suppress the NAM convective environment through greater atmospheric stability. This mechanism yields later onset dates and a generally drier season, but a slight increase to the intensity during July-August. After comparing downscaled simulations forced with original and corrected forcing conditions, we argue that the role of unresolved GCM surface features such as changes to the Gulf of California evaporation lead to a more convective environment. Even when downscaling the original GCM data with known biases, the inclusion of these surface features altered and in some cases reversed GCM trends throughout the southwest United States. This reversal towards a wetter NAM is further magnified in future bias-corrected simulations, which suggest (1) fewer average number of dry days by the end of the 21st century (2) onset occurring up to two to three weeks earlier than the historical average, and (3) more extreme daily precipitation values. However, consistent across each GCM and RCM model is the increase in inter-annual variability, suggesting greater susceptibility to drought conditions in the future.
title: Changes in Floodplain Inundation under Non-Stationary Hydrology for an Adjustable, Alluvial River Channel
Creators: name: Call, Bruce C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Predicting the frequency and aerial extent of flooding in river valleys is essential for infrastructure design, environmental management, and risk assessment. Such flooding occurs when the discharge of water within a river channel exceeds its maximum capacity and the extra water submerges the adjoining floodplain surface. The maximum capacity of a channel is controlled by its geometry, gradient, and frictional resistance. Conventional flood prediction methods rely on assumptions of unchanging flood probabilities and channel capacities. However, changes in climate, land cover, and water management have been shown to systematically shift the magnitude and variability of flood flows in many systems. Additionally, alluvial river channels continually adjust their geometries according to characteristics of flow and sediment regimes. For example, channels can expand their geometry during high-energy flows through erosion, then contract their geometry through sediment deposition during low-energy flows. This means that changes in flow magnitudes, frequencies, or durations can cause changes in a channel’s maximum capacity due to adjustments in river channel geometry. Therefore, future changes in river flow regimes and channel geometry may amplify or attenuate the frequency and magnitude of flood inundation in unexpected ways.
The focus of this thesis is the development of a novel simulation model to investigate potential changes in the frequency and aerial extent of floodplain inundation due to systematic changes in peak flows and subsequent adjustments in channel geometry and capacity. The model was run using six hypothetical flow scenarios to explore how changes in the mean and variance of an annual peak flow series influences the frequency and magnitude of floodplain inundation. In order to qualitatively simulate the various mechanisms controlling channel adjustment across a continuum of different river environments, each scenario was run multiple times while gradually varying model parameters controlling the amount of permissible adjustment in channel geometry. Results suggest that systematic shifts in peak flows cannot be translated directly to changes in the frequency or magnitude of floodplain inundation due to the non-linear factors controlling the rate and trajectory of channel adjustment. Insights gained from these results demonstrate the need to account for potential changes in both peak flows and channel capacities in the prediction and mitigation of flood hazards.
Stitches in Time
Creators: name: Green, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Library science

description: I've recently been reading Hillary Chute's terrific Graphic Women: Life Narrative and Contemporary Comics, in which Chute notes how particularly well-suited comics are for narratives of trauma. She observes that such works are "not only about events but also, explicitly, about how we frame them. The authors revisit their pasts, retrace events, and literally repicture them."
High-fidelity atomic-state teleportation protocol with non-maximally-entangled states
Creators: name: Chimczak, Grzegorz
name: Tanaś, Ryszard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a protocol of the long-distance atomic state teleportation via cavity decay, which allows for high-fidelity teleportation even with currently available optical cavities. The protocol is based on the scheme proposed by Bose \emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\textbf{83}}, 5158 (1999)] but with one important modification: it employs non-maximally-entangled states instead of maximally entangled states.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
title: Wearable Computing: Accelerometer-Based Human Activity Classification Using Decision Tree
Creators: name: Li, Chong
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: In this study, we designed a system that recognizes a person’s physical activity by analyzing data read from a device that he or she wears. In order to reduce the system’s demands on the device’s computational capacity and memory space, we designed a series of strategies such as making accurate analysis based on only a small amount of data in the memory, extracting only the most useful features from the data, cutting unnecessary branches of the classification system, etc. We also implemented a strategy to correct certain types of misclassifications, in order to improve the performance of the system.
We categorized a person’s daily activities into three activity states, including stationary, walking, and running. Based on data collected from five subjects, we trained a classification system that provides an activity state feedback every second and yields a classification accuracy of 94.82%. Our experiments also demonstrated that the strategies applied to reduce system size and improve system performance worked well.
Nano Membrane Toilet Business Exploitation Plan
Creators: name: Noemie De La Brosse
name: Abhi  Bhargava
name: Bhopal, Vijay
name: Greene, Nicola
name: Practical Action Consulting
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2021

description: The aim of this study was to advise on routes to commercialisation of the Nano Membrane Toilet (NMT) in low income urban residential areas. The NMT was developed by Cranfield University as part of the "Reinvent the Toilet" initiative funded by the Gates Foundation. Considering that the NMT is a new, high-tech product, a business modelling approach suited the aim to explore ways to understand the target customers, and characterise some potential distribution and sales models. This was completed by some basic financial modelling, based on a thorough review of existing literature and sanitation delivery models, as well as interviews with key players to support results.
 The team conducted an initial market analysis using Kenya (and Nairobi) as a case study to test and verify assumptions on routes to commercialisation. This case study was done to illustrate how preliminary business model options could be developed for a potential outreach of this new toilet in a typical urban and peri-urban context, presenting similar prevalent sanitation access problems than South Africa, where the Cranfield University team had realised user testing.

 This study generated two outputs:
 Output 1 (this report) presents a qualitative analysis of the market potential using the Business Model Canvas as a framework.
 Output 2 is a suite of basic financial modelling spreadsheet tools building on Output 1 findings. They are available on demand.

 The purpose of Output 1 was to review the value propositions of the NMT compared to existing improved sanitation alternatives on the market, and to analyse the barriers for a commercialisation of the NMT in an urban or peri-urban, Sub-Saharan context, targeting primarily low to medium income customers living in hard-to-reach areas (from an accessibility and from a sales and marketing perspective).
Digital Image Collections: Cataloging Data Model and Network Access
Creators: name: Davis, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Library science
Information science

description: This paper proposes a new, hierarchical metadata model for the description of digital images. It suggests developing an SGML-encoded bibliographic record that encapsulates both summary bibliographic information along with detailed hierarchical and version-related data. The record would also include links to the actual digital items, to other related bibliographic records or, in fact, to diverse, related digital objects (such as external electronic publications, databases, numeric files, etc.) The working designation SGML Catalog Record (SCR) is proposed for this new type of record.
Fair Use is Not Civil Disobedience: Rethinking the Copyright Wars and the Role of the Academic Library
Creators: name: Neal, James G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Library science
Intellectual property

description: The academic library community has been at the center of the copyright wars, advancing the interests of students and faculty. Digital and network technologies, the licensing of electronic content, and the globalization of copyright have combined to challenge our traditional views of intellectual property. New laws and legislation over the past decade have threatened the sustenance of fair use and key exceptions to copyright. We must re-commit to the education of our campuses, to political advocacy, and to collective
QCD effects on "stable" micro black holes at the LHC
Creators: name: Goldman, Itzhak
name: Grossman, Yuval
name: Nussinov, Shmuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If Micro Black Holes (MBHs) can be produced at the LHC, they will decay very fast. We study hypothetical MBHs that do not decay; in particular, QCD effects on accretion by MBHs that are produced at rest. We explain why accretion of a nucleon by such MBHs is associated with pion emission. This pion emission results in a kick to the MBHs, such that their velocities are large enough to escape the Earth. Our study provides an extra assurance that MBHs which might be produced at the LHC are not dangerous.
description: 10 pages
title: Role of Dispersion and Functionalization on Mechanical Properties in Carbon Nanotube - Polymer Composite
Creators: name: Kumar, Medisetti Sai Praveen
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Polymer composites with carbon nanotubes (CNT) as filler material is an exciting research area, having a huge potential of offering better mechanical properties. One of the main challenges of using CNT as a filler material is mixing of CNTs within the matrix material, as this mixing determines the strength of the composite. Some of the methods being researched for improving mixing are chemical, mechanical and surfactants. Many studies have suggested high frequency mechanical stirring as the preferred way for better mixing, but challenges exist with finding the proper solvent which can be used for stirring and at the same time doesn't react with the base polymer. Furthermore, the solvent selection is limited by viscosity, evaporation rate and stability after stirring. Functionalization of CNT may also affect the mechanical properties of the composite as functionalization is supposed to help in distribution of CNTs in polymer matrix. For this study multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)with different functionalizations(COOH & OH) and polydimethylsiloxane is selected as CNT polymer composite.
The objective of this study is to determine an effective solvent for stirring and investigate the role of dispersion on the mechanical properties of the CNT polymer composite. Additionally the secondary objective of this study is to examine how the functionalization helps in enhancing the mechanical properties of CNT polymer composite.
Quasi-Universal Dipolar Scattering in Cold and Ultracold Gases
Creators: name: Bohn, J. L.
name: Cavagnero, M.
name: Ticknor, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the scattering cross section of aligned dipolar molecules in low-temperature gases. Over a wide range of collision energies relevant to contemporary experiments, the cross section declines in inverse proportion to the collision speed, and is given nearly exactly by a simple semiclassical formula. At yet lower energies, the cross section becomes independent of energy, and is reproduced within the Born approximation to within corrections due to the s-wave scattering length. While these behaviors are universal for all polar molecules, nevertheless interesting deviations from universality are expected to occur in the intermediate energy range.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Mapping morphologic change in the external ear
Creators: name: Grenness, MJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The movement of the external ear canal, associated with jaw motion, relative to the concha region of the pinna has been studied. This issue is most relevant to the fitting and function of In-The-Ear hearing-aids. Pairs of open-jaw and closed-jaw silicone impressions were taken of 14 ears from 10 subjects. 3D coordinate data was obtained from the concha region and the anterior surface of the canal using a reflex microscope. The canal regions were plotted via an optical flat mirror. Proprietary area-based matching software was used to verify the stability of the concha region and evaluate distortion of the canal during jaw motion. The canal data from each pair was placed into the same coordinate system with their respective concha regions aligned using the areamatching software. Contour and difference maps of the canal data were used to demonstrate the amount of anterior-posterior (A-P), superior-inferior (S-I), and medial-lateral (M-L) movement that occurred between the open and closed-jaw impressions. Rotations were also evaluated. Analysis confirmed that the concha regions did not undergo significant deformation during jaw movement. The canal regions underwent varying amounts of internal deformation with the majority of canals conforming within an RMS of 400 pm across the entire surface. The majority of canals underwent significant morphologic change relative to the concha. Movement of the canal in the M-L plane ranged from 0 to 3.8 mm with a mean of 1.4 mm; 8 canals moved laterally, 5 canals moved medially and 2 ears did not move in the M-L plane. Movement in the S-I plane ranged from 0 to 3.7 mm with a mean of 1.3 mm; 9 canals moved inferiorly, 2 canals moved superiorly and 3 canals did not moved in the S-I plane. Movement in the A-P plane ranged between +3.5 mm and -3 mm, with 5 canals moving anteriorly, 3 ears moved posteriorly, and 4 ears moving in a mixed fashion. The geometry of the external ear has created difficulties in acquiring accurate surface maps for analysis. The study has focused on the key areas of the pinna and canal previously reported to undergo significant change. This study does not support previous reports that suggest that the ear canal only widens with jaw opening. This study gives insights into the variability in the movements of the ear canal relative to the concha region of the pinna and will be of interest to clinicians involved in the fitting of hearing-aids.
Additional file 10 of Quantifying differences in packaged food and drink purchases among households with diet-related cardiometabolic multi-morbidity: a cross-sectional analysis
Creators: name: Ricket, Iben M.
name: Brown, Jeremiah R.
name: MacKenzie, Todd A.
name: Ma, Yu
name: Grewal, Dhruv
name: Ailawadi, Kusum L.
name: Emond, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 10. Adjusteda odds ratios of diet-related cardiometabolic multimorbid households relative to monthly weighed per capita nutrients per serving, controlling for calories per capita from all food & drinksb and when grouped into perceived healthyc and unhealthyd, excluding carbonated soft drinks and juices and including baked goods/desserts and candy/confectionary. Supplemental analysis re-running multiple variable logistic regression model using per serving (quality) variables without carbonated soft drink and juices but with the inclusion of baked goods/desserts and candy/confectionary food items.
Orbital-limiting and modulation induced by missing parity in non-centrosymmetric superconductors
Creators: name: Hiasa, Norihito
name: Ikeda, Ryusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the depairing field $H_{c2}(T)$ of non-centrosymmetric superconductors with a spin-orbit coupling larger than the Zeeman energy at $H_{c2}(0)$ by taking account of the mixing of spin-singlet and triplet pairing states due to the missing parity. When the singlet and triplet pairing components are mixed with an equal weight in a cubic non-centrosymmetric system, the paramagnetic depairing effect is significantly suppressed so that $H_{c2}(T)$ approaches its orbital-limited value. A similar event also occurs in a quasi two-dimensional Rashba non-centrosymmetric system. The present results are relevant to the $H$-$T$ phase diagrams of CePt$_3$Si and the families of Li$_2$Pd$_{3-x}$Pt$_x$B.
description: 4 figures, To appear in Phys. Rev. B
Efficient, DoS-resistant, Secure Key Exchange for Internet Protocols
Creators: name: Aiello, William
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Blaze, Matt
name: Ioannidis, John
name: Canetti, Ran
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Reingold, Omer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Computer science

description: Many public-key-based key setup and key agreement protocols already exist and have been implemented for a variety of applications and environments. Several have been proposed for the IPsec protocol, and one, IKE [1], is the current standard. IKE has a number of deficiencies, the three most important being that the number of rounds is high, that it is vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks, and the complexity of its specification. (This complexity has led to interoperability problems, so much so that, several years after its initial adoption by the IETF, there are still completely non-interoperating implementations).
title: Probability Learning in Prey Selection with a Great Horned Owl and a Red-tailed Hawk
Creators: name: Mueller, Deborah L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1976

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the hunting strategies of birds of prey in a probability learning situation. One great horned owl and one red-tailed hawk served as subjects. Three boxes and associated perches, each representing different potential prey areas, were placed in a room adjacent to the birds' regular housing and served as test apparatus. One box were required to land on a perch in order to gain access to the associated box and to the potential prey. A discrete-trial, self-correction procedure was used. In Experiment I, Box 1 was loaded with a live laboratory mouse on 60% of the trials, Box 2 on 30% of the trials, and Box 3 on the remaining 10%. A response requirement of sitting on the perch 5 seconds was programmed. In experiment II, the probability of reinforcement was reversed for the 10 and 60% boxes and the response requirement was increased from 5 to 20 seconds. Experiment III returned the probability of reinforcement for each box to the values used in Experiment I. In Experiment III the mice were euthanized prior to each trial.
The owl matched responses to probability of reinforcement in all three experiments while the hawk matched in Experiment II and showed matching toward two of the three boxes in Experiment III. In Experiment I the hawk had a Box 2 preference. This research extends the generality of the matching concept and suggests that predatory birds do not randomly hunt or hunt in only one location, but rather tend to search according to the probability of reinforcement for that location.
International carriage of goods by sea : problems in bills of lading and their impact in Australia and its major trading partners in Asia
Creators: name: Euarjai, Krailerk
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis examines problems of bills of lading in international carriage of goods by sea. The objectives of the thesis are twofold. The primary objective is the identification of major legal problems associated with bills of lading. The second objective is to evaluate the adequacy of bills of lading legislation in protecting the legitimate rights and interest of the parties. Legal problems confronting bills of lading legislation are 'title to sue' and 'third party liability' which cause difficulties and obstades to the legal function of bills of lading. Another problem in bills of lading concern marine cargo liability regimes. Under existing international law there is no uniformity in marine cargo liability regimes which results in a conflict of laws. Notwithstanding the entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, the Hamburg Rules, in 1992, there is evidence that the Rules are not accepted by major shipping nations. Moreover, recent developments concerning electronic bills of lading play a vital part. The thesis seeks to emphasise the problems which exist as a result of the inconsistencies between law and practice in this area. Attention is also drawn to the use of Electronic Data Interchange (EDT) as electronic bills of lading together with its legal aspects. The thesis argues that the entry into force of the Hamburg Rules, as a whole, did not provide significant changes in international carriage of goods by sea even though some countries, such as the People's Republic of China, had developed some concepts of the Rules. This argument is based on a number of factors including the principle of marine cargo liability, the current position of major shipping nations, and empirical evidence of the impact of the adoption of the Rules. The conclusion of the thesis is that bills of lading legislative reform can eliminate major legal problem and sufficient enough to facilitate the use of electronic bills of lading. With regard to Australia, the Australian marine cargo liability regime have been improved to promote better balance of rights and liabilities between parties to a contract of carriage, and it becomes more compatible with those regimes of its trading partners.
Localization of Dirac electrons by Moire patterns in graphene bilayers
Creators: name: de Laissardière, Guy Trambly
name: Mayou, Didier
name: Magaud, Laurence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electronic structure of two Dirac electron gazes coupled by a periodic Hamiltonian such as it appears in rotated graphene bilayers. Ab initio and tight-binding approaches are combined and show that the spatially periodic coupling between the two Dirac electron gazes can renormalize strongly their velocity. We investigate in particular small angles of rotation and show that the velocity tends to zero in this limit. The localization is confirmed by an analysis of the eigenstates which are localized essentially in the AA zones of the Moire patterns.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Does Size Matter? The Effect of Resource Base on Faculty Service Quality Perceptions in Academic Libraries
Creators: name: Jaggars, Damon E.
name: Jaggars, Shanna
name: Heath, Fred
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Library science

description: We explore whether the relative size of an academic library's resource base, as indicated by the Carnegie classification of the library's parent institution, impacts faculty perceptions of library service quality. Using results from the 2006 administration of the LibQUAL+Â® survey, the study tests for statistically significant differences between research universities and masters-level universities in terms of faculty minimum, perceived, desired and adequacy gap scores for each of the three LibQUAL+Â® service dimensions (Information Control, Library as Place, and Affect of Service). Findings suggest that university type does impact expectations and perceptions of service quality, but does not impact ratings of service adequacy, the extent to which faculty perceive that a library meets their expectations.
AFe2As2 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu) and SrFe_(2-x)TM_(x)As2 (TM = Mn, Co, Ni): crystal structure, charge doping, magnetism and superconductivity
Creators: name: Kasinathan, Deepa
name: Ormeci, Alim
name: Koch, Katrin
name: Burkhardt, Ulrich
name: Schnelle, Walter
name: Leithe-Jasper, Andreas
name: Rosner, Helge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure and physical properties of the pnictide compound families $RE$OFeAs ($RE$ = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm), $A$Fe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ ($A$ = Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu), LiFeAs and FeSe are quite similar. Here, we focus on the members of the $A$Fe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ family whose sample composition, quality and single crystal growth are better controllable compared to the other systems. Using first principles band structure calculations we focus on understanding the relationship between the crystal structure, charge doping and magnetism in $A$Fe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ systems. We will elaborate on the tetragonal to orthorhombic structural distortion along with the associated magnetic order and anisotropy, influence of doping on the $A$ site as well as on the Fe site, and the changes in the electronic structure as a function of pressure. Experimentally, we investigate the substitution of Fe in SrFe$_{2-x}TM_{x}$As$_{2}$ by other 3$d$ transition metals, $TM$ = Mn, Co, Ni. In contrast to a partial substitution of Fe by Co or Ni (electron doping) a corresponding Mn partial substitution does not lead to the supression of the antiferromagnetic order or the appearance of superconductivity. Most calculated properties agree well with the measured properties, but several of them are sensitive to the As $z$ position. For a microscopic understanding of the electronic structure of this new family of superconductors this structural feature related to the Fe-As interplay is crucial, but its correct ab initio treatment still remains an open question.
description: 27 pages, single column
title: The Effects of Abrupt and Graduated Temporal Reductions on Academic Behavior
Creators: name: Pezzino, James
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1979

description: The author investigated the effects of abrupt and graduated temporal reductions on academic performance. Six elementary school children who were referred to a remedial special education classroom received token reinforcement contingent on the number of correct math problems answered during daily sessions. A multiple baseline across subjects design with replication of baseline and experimental conditions was employed. The design also balanced the order of exposure to an abrupt reduction in time limits (20 - 5 - 20 min.) and a graduated sequence of time reductions (20 - 15 - 10 - 5 - 20 min.). Children also performed copying tasks daily under a constant time limit in order to assess the degree to which the effects of temporal manipulations on one academic behavior (math) generalized to another academic behavior (copying). The findings demonstrated that as a result of systematic temporal reductions students completed more math problems correctly in five minutes than twenty minutes of baseline. More specifically, the findings demonstrated that graduated temporal reductions markedly enhanced the math performance of slow learners. Furthermore, when students were exposed to an abrupt temporal reduction first their math performance declined, whereas, abrupt temporal reductions which followed graduated temporal reductions markedly enhanced both rate and number of correct math problems. A return to baseline conditions demonstrated that the improved math rates were not completely reversible. Additionally, improved math performances were found to be enduring as indicated by two follow-up math probes conducted two and five weeks after the study. Although copying performance improved over the duration of the study, these improvements did not closely correspond with the math time manipulations. Therefore, the effects of temporal manipulations on math performance did not appear to generalize to a non-reinforced behavior (copying words) that was performed under constant time limits.
Regional Cruise : Intensive Observational Period 2009, RIOP09, R/V Melville, 27 February-21 March 2009, Leg 1 Report, Manila to Dumaguete, 27 Feb to 9 March 2009
Creators: name: Gordon, Arnold L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The general objective of RIOP09, as with the previous regional cruises is to provide a view of the stratification and circulation of the Philippine seas under varied monsoon condition, as required to support of PhilEx DRI goals directed at ocean dynamics within straits, mostly directed at oceanic mesoscale and sub-mesoscale features.
Additional file 1 of Urease and β-glucosidase activity enhanced the transformation of functional groups of humin amended by straw and straw-derived biochar
Creators: name: Liu, Xinwei
name: An, Qi
name: Song, Xiangyun
name: Hussain, Qaiser
name: Cui, Liqiang
name: Wang, Chengji
name: Wang, Yan
name: Cui, Dejie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Additional tables and figure.
Additional file 2 of CX3CL1 promotes cell sensitivity to ferroptosis and is associated with the tumor microenvironment in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Gong, Qiming
name: Guo, Zhiting
name: Sun, Wenjuan
name: Du, Xiuri
name: Jiang, Yan
name: Liu, Fahui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Fig. 1. The association between CX3CL1 expression and NK cells. (A–C) The relationship between activated NK cells and the expression level of CX3CL1 in GSE29069, E_MTAB_1980, and ICGC_EU cohorts determined using CIBERSORT. (D–F) The relationship between activated NK cells and the expression level of CX3CL1 in GSE29069, E_MTAB_1980, and ICGC_EU cohorts determined using CIBERSORT_ABS.
Spectral singularities and Bragg scattering in complex crystals
Creators: name: Longhi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral singularities that spoil the completeness of Bloch-Floquet states may occur in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with complex periodic potentials. Here an equivalence is established between spectral singularities in complex crystals and secularities that arise in Bragg diffraction patterns. Signatures of spectral singularities in a scattering process with wave packets are elucidated for a PT-symmetric complex crystal.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. A
Role of electron-electron interactions in nonlinear transport in 2D electron systems
Creators: name: Hatke, A. T.
name: Zudov, M. A.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the temperature evolution of the non-linear oscillatory magnetoresistance in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system subject to a strong dc electric field. We find that the decay of the oscillation amplitude with increasing temperature originates primarily from increasing quantum scattering rate entering the Dingle factor. We attribute this behavior to electron-electron interaction effects.
description: typos fixed
Stability for an inverse problem for a two speed hyperbolic pde in one space dimension
Creators: name: Rakesh
name: Sacks, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30, 35L55

description: We prove stability for a coefficient determination problem for a two velocity 2x2 system of hyperbolic PDEs in one space dimension.
description: Revised Version. Give more detail and correct the proof of Proposition 4 regarding the existence and regularity of the forward problem. No changes to the proof of the stability of the inverse problem. To appear in Inverse Problems
Proceedings of the New York State Seminar on Mass Deacidification, Albany, New York, October 15-16, 1992
Creators: name: New York State Program For The Conservation And Preservation Of Library Research Materials
name: New York State Program For The Conservation And Preservation Of Library Research Materials
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Library science
Paper--Deacidification
Library materials--Conservation and restoration
Archival materials--Conservation and restoration

description: This volume contains the proceedings of the New York State Conservation/Preservation Program-funded Seminar on Mass Deacidification which took place in Albany on October 15-16, 1992, at the New York State Library.
Mossbauer and infrared studies of triphenyltin carboxylates
Creators: name: Ford, Beverly F.E
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A study was undertaken to investigate the solid-state structure of about 25 triphenyltin carboxylates, Ø₃SnOCOR. The compounds were synthesized and then analyzed by Mössbauer and infrared spectroscopy. The compounds were divided into three series on the basis of the nature of the R group. The first series of compounds had R groups which were "linear" chain hydrocarbons ranging in length from one carbon atom (triphenyltin formate) to eighteen carbon atoms (triphenyltin stearate). In the second series several compounds had methyl branches at various positions along the hydrocarbon chain, some had longer alkyl groups and a few had a methylene group bonded to the a-carbon atom. The third series contained mono-, di-, and tri- substituted haloacetates. These compounds were prepared in order to test the assumption that bulky R groups would prevent (by steric interaction) polymer formation in the solid. The polymeric structure which is commonly found for triorganotin carboxylates consists of pentacoordinate Sn atoms. Each carboxylate group bridges between two different Sn atoms and this occurs indefinitely to form a polymer. Steric interaction of the R group with neighbouring phenyl groups (bonding to Sn) could prevent polymer formation. The resulting structure would be monomeric and have a tetracoordinate Sn atom and a terminal carboxylate group like that for an organic ester. The majority of compounds were found to be polymeric solids. Structural changes (polymeric to monomeric) were observed for a few compounds and this could be attributed to steric interaction. The Mössbauer and infrared data were complimentary and conclusive when used to differentiate between the two possible structural types. In a polymeric structure the Sn atom can be visualized as being in a trigonal bipyramidal environment in which the oxygen atoms are axial and the phenyl groups equatorial. Using the above idealized structural type it was possible to test a point-charge model which had been used to predict quadrupole splitting values, Δ. The model was tested for the triphenyltin haloacetates and found to give fairly good agreement with the observed quadrupole splitting values.
Regional Cruise : Intensive Observational Period 2008, R/V Melville, cruise 2007-088, 9 January-1 February 2008
Creators: name: Gordon, Arnold L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The general objective of RIOP08 is to obtain a regional view of the stratification and circulation of the Philippine seas.