cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Developmental changes in the acute ethanol sensitivity of glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission in the BNST
Creators: name: Wills, T. A.
name: Kash, T. L.
name: Winder, D. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission undergo significant changes during adolescence. Receptors for both of these transmitters (N-methyl-D-aspartate, NMDAR, and GABAA) are known to be key targets for the acute effects of ethanol in adults. The current study set out to investigate the acute effects of ethanol on both NMDAR-mediated excitatory transmission and GABAergic inhibitory transmission within the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) across age. The BNST is an area of the brain implicated in the negative reinforcing properties associated with alcohol dependence, and the BNST plays a critical role in stress-induced relapse. Therefore, assessing the developmental regulation of ethanol sensitivity in this key brain region is important to understanding the progression of ethanol dependence. To do this, whole-cell recordings of isolated NMDAR-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) or evoked GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs) were performed on BNST neurons in slices from 4- or 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice. Ethanol (50 mm) produced greater inhibition of NMDAR-eEPSCs in adolescent mice than in adult mice. This enhanced sensitivity in adolescence was not a result of shifts in function of the B subunit of NMDARs (GluN2B), measured by Ro25-6981 inhibition and decay kinetics measured across age. Adolescent mice also exhibited greater ethanol sensitivity of GABAergic transmission, as ethanol (50 mm) enhanced eIPSCs in the BNST of adolescent but not adult mice. Collectively, this work illustrates that a moderate dose of ethanol produces greater inhibition of transmission in the BNST (through greater excitatory inhibition and enhancement of inhibitory transmission) in adolescents compared to adults. Given the role of the BNST in alcohol dependence, these developmental changes in acute ethanol sensitivity could accelerate neuroadaptations that result from chronic ethanol use during the critical period of adolescence.
Additional file 1 of Dapagliflozin improves myocardial flow reserve in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DAPAHEART Trial: a preliminary report
Creators: name: Leccisotti, Lucia
name: Cinti, Francesca
name: Sorice, Gian Pio
name: D’Amario, Domenico
name: Lorusso, Margherita
name: Guzzardi, Maria Angela
name: Mezza, Teresa
name: Gugliandolo, Shawn
name: Cocchi, Camilla
name: Capece, Umberto
name: Indovina, Luca
name: Ferraro, Pietro Manuel
name: Iozzo, Patricia
name: Crea, Filippo
name: Giordano, Alessandro
name: Giaccari, Andrea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
“Drinking in the dark” (DID) procedures: A model of binge-like ethanol drinking in non-dependent mice
Creators: name: Thiele, Todd E.
name: Navarro, Montserrat
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This review provides an overview of an animal model of binge-like ethanol drinking that has come to be called “drinking in the dark” (DID), a procedure that promotes high levels of ethanol drinking and pharmacologically relevant blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) in ethanol-preferring strains of mice. Originally described by Rhodes et al. (2005), the most common variation of the DID procedure, using singly housed mice, involves replacing the water bottle with a bottle containing 20% ethanol for 2 to 4 hours, beginning 3 hours into the dark cycle. Using this procedure, high ethanol drinking strains of mice (e.g., C57BL/6J) typically consume enough ethanol to achieve BECs greater than 100 mg/dL and to exhibit behavioral evidence of intoxication. This limited access procedure takes advantage of the time in the animal’s dark cycle in which the levels of ingestive behaviors are high, yet high ethanol intake does not appear to stem from caloric need. Mice have the choice of drinking or avoiding the ethanol solution, eliminating the stressful conditions that are inherent in other models of binge-like ethanol exposure in which ethanol is administered by the experimenter, and in some cases, potentially painful. The DID procedure is a high throughput approach that does not require extensive training or the inclusion of sweet compounds to motivate high levels of ethanol intake. The high throughput nature of the DID procedure makes it useful for rapid screening of pharmacological targets that are protective against binge-like drinking and for identifying strains of mice that exhibit binge-like drinking behavior. Additionally, the simplicity of DID procedures allows for easy integration into other paradigms, such as prenatal ethanol exposure and adolescent ethanol drinking. It is suggested that the DID model is a useful tool for studying the neurobiology and genetics underlying binge-like ethanol drinking, and may be useful for studying the transition to ethanol dependence.
The MillenniumTNG Project: High-precision predictions for matter clustering and halo statistics
Creators: name: Hernández-Aguayo, César
name: Springel, Volker
name: Pakmor, Rüdiger
name: Barrera, Monica
name: Ferlito, Fulvio
name: White, Simon D. M.
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Hadzhiyska, Boryana
name: Delgado, Ana Maria
name: Kannan, Rahul
name: Bose, Sownak
name: Frenk, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological inference with large galaxy surveys requires theoretical models that combine precise predictions for large-scale structure with robust and flexible galaxy formation modelling throughout a sufficiently large cosmic volume. Here, we introduce the MillenniumTNG (MTNG) project which combines the hydrodynamical galaxy formation model of IllustrisTNG with the large volume of the Millennium simulation. Our largest hydrodynamic simulation, covering (500 Mpc/h)^3 = (740 Mpc)^3, is complemented by a suite of dark-matter-only simulations with up to 4320^3 dark matter particles (a mass resolution of 1.32 x 10^8 Msun/h) using the fixed-and-paired technique to reduce large-scale cosmic variance. The hydro simulation adds 4320^3 gas cells, achieving a baryonic mass resolution of 2 x 10^7 Msun/h. High time-resolution merger trees and direct lightcone outputs facilitate the construction of a new generation of semi-analytic galaxy formation models that can be calibrated against both the hydro simulation and observation, and then applied to even larger volumes - MTNG includes a flagship simulation with 1.1 trillion dark matter particles and massive neutrinos in a volume of (3000 Mpc)^3. In this introductory analysis we carry out convergence tests on basic measures of non-linear clustering such as the matter power spectrum, the halo mass function and halo clustering, and we compare simulation predictions to those from current cosmological emulators. We also use our simulations to study matter and halo statistics, such as halo bias and clustering at the baryonic acoustic oscillation scale. Finally we measure the impact of baryonic physics on the matter and halo distributions.
description: submitted to MNRAS, 23 pages, 19 figures, for future public data release, see https://www.mtng-project.org
Assessing behavioral control across reinforcer solutions on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement in rats
Creators: name: Shillinglaw, Joel E.
name: Robinson, Donita L.
name: Everitt, Ian K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Instrumental behavior can shift from flexible, goal-directed actions to automatic, stimulus-response actions. The satiety-specific devaluation test assesses behavioral flexibility by evaluating reward seeking after temporary devaluation of the reinforcer via satiety; a decrease in responding compared to control conditions indicates goal-directed behavior. We have observed variability in the outcome of this test that may be dependent on the reinforcer. Another test of habit, contingency degradation, involves changing the action-outcome association over the course of retraining and determines whether reward seeking is sensitive to changing contingencies. We hypothesized that the outcome of the contingency-degradation test would remain consistent across reinforcers, while the satiety-specific devaluation test may vary across reinforcers because it depends on the ability of the reinforcer to induce satiety. Therefore, we trained rats to self-administer 1.5% sucrose, 10% sucrose, 10% ethanol, or 10 mM monosodium glutamate (MSG) on a fixed-ratio (FR5) schedule that has been shown to promote long-term, goal-directed responding. Next, behavioral flexibility was evaluated in three satiety-specific devaluation tests over 6 weeks. Finally, we investigated reward seeking after contingency-degradation training. All groups displayed sensitivity to satiety-specific devaluation in the first test, indicating goal-directed behavior. While the 10% sucrose and ethanol groups remained goal-directed, the 1.5% sucrose and MSG groups exhibited habit-like behavior in later tests. Nevertheless, all groups displayed decreased responding in an extinction session after contingency-degradation training, indicating goal-directed behavior. These results demonstrate that tests of behavioral flexibility can yield dissimilar results in the same rats. Next, rats from the 1.5% sucrose group underwent the entire experiment again, now self-administering 10% sucrose. These rats showed pronounced goal-directed behavior in satiety-specific and contingency-degradation tests under 10% sucrose conditions, further suggesting that the reinforcer solution affected the outcome of the satiety-specific devaluation test. We conclude that reinforcer characteristics should be considered when investigating habit-like behavior in alcohol research.
Additional file 1 of Circulating biomarker correlates of left atrial size and myocardial extracellular volume fraction among persons living with and without HIV
Creators: name: Peterson, Tess E.
name: Landon, Christian
name: Haberlen, Sabina A.
name: Bhondoekhan, Fiona
name: Plankey, Michael W.
name: Palella, Frank J.
name: Piggott, Damani A.
name: Margolick, Joseph B.
name: Brown, Todd T.
name: Post, Wendy S.
name: Wu, Katherine C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Study participant flow diagram. Table S1. Adjusted associations between HIV clinical characteristics and biomarkers of inflammation, fibrosis, and myocyte stretch among persons living with HIV (n = 235).
title: The image quality of CT angiography images calculated from 70kVp liver perfusion CT datasets in patients with hepatic lesions
Creators: name: Xu, Jia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Quality assurance

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Computed tomographic (CT) perfusion imaging of liver can provide functional information about the tissue perfusion, and has been considered a promising technique for assessing the efficacy of anticancer treatments and predicting prognosis in...
title: Astana breast cancer screening program: 5-year results
Creators: name: Suleimenova, Danara
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: Mammography
subject: Screening
subject: Statistics
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Outcomes

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Introduction Breast cancer has been ranked the first in the structure of oncological incidence in the last five years, and takes the third position in the structure of oncologic mortality. [1]. In spite of the great progress in the diagnostics of...
The MillenniumTNG Project: The hydrodynamical full physics simulation and a first look at its galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Pakmor, Ruediger
name: Springel, Volker
name: Coles, Jonathan P.
name: Guillet, Thomas
name: Pfrommer, Christoph
name: Bose, Sownak
name: Barrera, Monica
name: Delgado, Ana Maria
name: Ferlito, Fulvio
name: Frenk, Carlos
name: Hadzhiyska, Boryana
name: Hernández-Aguayo, César
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Kannan, Rahul
name: White, Simon D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological simulations are an important theoretical pillar for understanding nonlinear structure formation in our Universe and for relating it to observations on large scales. In several papers, we introduce our MillenniumTNG (MTNG) project that provides a comprehensive set of high-resolution, large volume simulations of cosmic structure formation aiming to better understand physical processes on large scales and to help interpreting upcoming large-scale galaxy surveys. We here focus on the full physics box MTNG740 that computes a volume of $(740\,\mathrm{Mpc})^3$ with a baryonic mass resolution of $3.1\times~10^7\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ using \textsc{arepo} with $80.6$~billion cells and the IllustrisTNG galaxy formation model. We verify that the galaxy properties produced by MTNG740 are consistent with the TNG simulations, including more recent observations. We focus on galaxy clusters and analyse cluster scaling relations and radial profiles. We show that both are broadly consistent with various observational constraints. We demonstrate that the SZ-signal on a deep lightcone is consistent with Planck limits. Finally, we compare MTNG740 clusters with galaxy clusters found in Planck and the SDSS-8 RedMaPPer richness catalogue in observational space, finding very good agreement as well. However, {\it simultaneously} matching cluster masses, richness, and Compton-$y$ requires us to assume that the SZ mass estimates for Planck clusters are underestimated by $0.2$~dex on average. Thanks to its unprecedented volume for a high-resolution hydrodynamical calculation, the MTNG740 simulation offers rich possibilities to study baryons in galaxies, galaxy clusters, and in large scale structure, and in particular their impact on upcoming large cosmological surveys.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS, comments welcome
Activation of mGluR2/3 following stress hormone exposure restores sensitivity to alcohol in rats
Creators: name: Besheer, Joyce
name: Jaramillo, Anel A.
name: Fisher, Kristen R.
name: Randall, Patrick A.
name: Frisbee, Suzanne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Sensitivity to the interoceptive effects of alcohol is blunted following a period of exposure to the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT), an effect that is suggested to be related, in part, to glutamatergic neuroadaptations. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (subtypes 2 and 3; mGluR2/3) modulate several drug- and alcohol-related behaviors, including the interoceptive (discriminative stimulus) effects of alcohol. Therefore, we sought to determine if manipulation of mGluR2/3 would restore sensitivity to the interoceptive effects of alcohol following CORT exposure. Using a two-lever drug discrimination task, male Long-Evans rats were trained to discriminate alcohol (1 g/kg, intragastric [IG]) vs. water. First, the effect of mGluR2/3 antagonism on the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol was determined using LY341495 (0.3–3.0 mg/kg; intraperitoneal [IP]). Next, the effects of mGluR2/3 antagonism and activation were assessed in discrimination-trained animals exposed to CORT (300 μg/mL) in the home cage drinking water or water only, for 7 days. Following CORT exposure, decreased sensitivity to alcohol (1 g/kg) was observed. Pretreatment with the mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 (1.0–3.0 mg/kg; IP), but not the mGluR2/3 antagonist (0.3–1.0 mg/kg; IP), restored sensitivity to alcohol. Additionally, in Water controls, mGluR2/3 antagonism and mGluR2/3 activation disrupted expression of the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol. Together, these findings suggest that blunted sensitivity to the interoceptive effects of alcohol following an episode of heightened stress hormone levels may be due to adaptations in mGluR2/3-related systems. The ability of mGluR2/3 activation to restore sensitivity to alcohol under these conditions lends further support for the importance of these receptors under stress-related conditions.
Brain pathways to recovery from alcohol dependence
Creators: name: Lovinger, David
name: Meyerhoff, Dieter J.
name: Noronha, Antonio
name: Sullivan, Edith V.
name: Fein, George
name: Pfefferbaum, Adolf
name: Roberto, Marisa
name: Becker, Howard C.
name: Sinha, Rajita
name: Mandyam, Chitra D.
name: Thakkar, Mahesh
name: Matochik, John
name: Harris, R. Adron
name: Chandler, L. Judson
name: Egli, Mark
name: Crews, Fulton T.
name: Warren, Kenneth R.
name: Grant, Kathleen A.
name: Everitt, Barry J.
name: Koob, George F.
name: Cui, Changhai
name: Potenza, Marc N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This article highlights the research presentations at the satellite symposium on “Brain Pathways to Recovery from Alcohol Dependence” held at the 2013 Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting. The purpose of this symposium was to provide an up to date overview of research efforts focusing on understanding brain mechanisms that contribute to recovery from alcohol dependence. A panel of scientists from the alcohol and addiction research field presented their insights and perspectives on brain mechanisms that may underlie both recovery and lack of recovery from alcohol dependence. The four sessions of the symposium encompassed multilevel studies exploring mechanisms underlying relapse and craving associated with sustained alcohol abstinence, cognitive function deficit and recovery, and translational studies on preventing relapse and promoting recovery. Gaps in our knowledge and research opportunities were also discussed.
Applications of Knoevenagel condensation reaction in the total synthesis of natural products
Creators: name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Janati, F.
name: Zadsirjan, V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 39903 Industrial Chemistry
subject: 30299 Inorganic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30203 Inorganic Green Chemistry
subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry

description: The Knoevenagel condensation reaction is a prominent organic reaction commonly being utilized in the total synthesis of natural and biologically potent products as a vital and frequently beginning step. Naturally occurring compounds having complex structures were demonstrated to exhibit significant biological properties. Due to numerous biological potencies, the total syntheses of them has fascinated and attracted much attention of synthetic organic chemists. In this review, we try to highlight the applications of the Knoevenagel reaction as the key step in the total synthesis of biologically active natural products
(100957) William Cumming Dowell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Morphological description of uterine scar one year after cesarean section by T2 3D SPACE 3.0T MR
Creators: name: Ding, Ning
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: Pelvis
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: MR
subject: Observer performance
subject: Obstetrics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Cesarean section rate has been increased worldwide [1], compared with vaginal birth, cesarean section may cause more obstetric and gynecologic complications such as uterine rupture, placenta previa, endometriosis. Prior cesarean section (p-CS) scar...
Influence of in-plane and bridging oxygen vacancies of SnO_2 nanostructures on CH_4 sensing at low operating temperatures
Creators: name: Bonu, Venkataramana
name: Das, A.
name: Prasad, Arun K
name: Krishna, Nanda Gopala
name: Dhara, Sandip
name: Tyagi, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Role of 'O' defects in sensing pollutant with nanostructured SnO_2 is not well understood, especially at low temperatures. SnO_2 nanoparticles were grown by soft chemistry route followed by subsequent annealing treatment under specific conditions. Nanowires were grown by chemical vapor deposition technique. A systematic photoluminescence (PL) investigation of 'O' defects in SnO_2 nanostructures revealed a strong correlation between shallow donors created by the in-plane and the bridging 'O' vacancies and gas sensing at low temperatures. These SnO_2 nanostructures detected methane (CH_4), a reducing and green house gas at a low temperature of 50 ^oC. Response of CH_4 was found to be strongly dependent on surface defect in comparison to surface to volume ratio. Control over 'O' vacancies during the synthesis of SnO2 nanomaterials, as supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and subsequent elucidation for low temperature sensing are demonstrated.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, journal
Corticostriatal circuitry and habitual ethanol seeking
Creators: name: Gremel, Christina M.
name: Robinson, Donita L.
name: Corbit, Laura H.
name: Barker, Jacqueline M.
name: Chandler, L. Judson
name: Gonzales, Rueben A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The development of alcohol-use disorders is thought to involve a transition from casual alcohol use to uncontrolled alcohol-seeking behavior. This review will highlight evidence suggesting that the shift toward inflexible alcohol seeking that occurs across the development of addiction consists, in part, of a progression from goal-directed to habitual behaviors. This shift in “response strategy” is thought to be largely regulated by corticostriatal network activity. Indeed, specific neuroanatomical substrates within the prefrontal cortex and the striatum have been identified as playing opposing roles in the expression of actions and habits. A majority of the research on the neurobiology of habitual behavior has focused on non-drug reward seeking. Here, we will highlight recent research identifying corticostriatal structures that regulate the expression of habitual alcohol seeking and a comparison will be made when possible to findings for non-drug rewards.
Supplementary materials for the literature: Hirofumi Suzuki, et al., "Rule Mining for Correcting Classification Models", ICDM 2023.
Creators: name: Suzuki, Hirofumi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 461199
subject: Machine learning not elsewhere classified

description: Machine learning models need to be continually updated or corrected to ensure that the prediction accuracy remains consistently high. In this study, we consider scenarios where developers should be careful to change the prediction results by the model correction, such as when the model is part of a complex system or software. In such scenarios, the developers want to control the specification of the corrections. To achieve this, the developers need to understand which subpopulations of the inputs get inaccurate predictions by the model. Therefore, we propose correction rule mining to acquire a comprehensive list of rules that describe inaccurate subpopulations and how to correct them. We also develop an efficient correction rule mining algorithm that is a combination of frequent itemset mining and a unique pruning technique for correction rules. We observed that the proposed algorithm found various rules which help to collect data insufficiently learned, directly correct model outputs, and analyze concept drift.
(100958) William Henry Dowell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The MillenniumTNG Project: The large-scale clustering of galaxies
Creators: name: Bose, Sownak
name: Hadzhiyska, Boryana
name: Barrera, Monica
name: Delgado, Ana Maria
name: Ferlito, Fulvio
name: Frenk, Carlos
name: Hernández-Aguayo, César
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Kannan, Rahul
name: Pakmor, Rüdiger
name: Springel, Volker
name: White, Simon D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern redshift surveys are tasked with mapping out the galaxy distribution over enormous distance scales. Existing hydrodynamical simulations, however, do not reach the volumes needed to match upcoming surveys. We present results for the clustering of galaxies using a new, large volume hydrodynamical simulation as part of the MillenniumTNG (MTNG) project. With a computational volume that is $\approx15$ times larger than the next largest such simulation currently available, we show that MTNG is able to accurately reproduce the observed clustering of galaxies as a function of stellar mass. When separated by colour, there are some discrepancies with respect to the observed population, which can be attributed to the quenching of satellite galaxies in our model. We combine MTNG galaxies with those generated using a semi-analytic model to emulate the sample selection of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) and emission line galaxies (ELGs), and show that although the bias of these populations is approximately (but not exactly) constant on scales larger than $\approx10$ Mpc, there is significant scale-dependent bias on smaller scales. The amplitude of this effect varies between the two galaxy types, and also between the semi-analytic model and MTNG. We show that this is related to the distribution of haloes hosting LRGs and ELGs. Using mock SDSS-like catalogues generated on MTNG lightcones, we demonstrate the existence of prominent baryonic acoustic features in the large-scale galaxy clustering. We also demonstrate the presence of realistic redshift space distortions in our mocks, finding excellent agreement with the multipoles of the redshift-space clustering measured in SDSS data.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and behavioral dysfunction following early binge-like prenatal alcohol exposure in mice
Creators: name: Parnell, Scott E.
name: Fish, Eric W.
name: O'Leary-Moore, Shonagh K.
name: Wieczorek, Lindsay
name: Sulik, Kathleen K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The range of defects that fall within fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) includes persistent behavioral problems, with anxiety and depression being two of the more commonly reported issues. Previous studies of rodent FASD models suggest that interference with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis structure and/or function may be the basis for some of the prenatal alcohol (ethanol) exposure (PAE)-induced behavioral abnormalities. Included among the previous investigations are those illustrating that maternal alcohol treatment limited to very early stages of pregnancy (i.e., gestational day [GD]7 in mice; equivalent to the third week post-fertilization in humans) can cause structural abnormalities in areas such as the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and other forebrain regions integral to controlling stress and behavioral responses. The current investigation was designed to further examine the sequelae of prenatal alcohol insult at this early time period, with particular attention to HPA axis-associated functional changes in adult mice. The results of this study reveal that GD7 PAE in mice causes HPA axis dysfunction, with males and females showing elevated corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, respectively, following a 15-min restraint stress exposure. Males also showed elevated CORT levels following an acute alcohol injection of 2.0 g/kg, while females displayed blunted ACTH levels. Furthermore, analysis showed that anxiety-like behavior was decreased after GD7 PAE in female mice, but was increased in male mice. Collectively, the results of this study show that early gestational alcohol exposure in mice alters long-term HPA axis activity and behavior in a sexually dimorphic manner.
A Review Paper: Noise Models in Digital Image Processing
Creators: name: Boyat, Ajay Kumar
name: Joshi, Brijendra Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Noise is always presents in digital images during image acquisition, coding, transmission, and processing steps. Noise is very difficult to remove it from the digital images without the prior knowledge of noise model. That is why, review of noise models are essential in the study of image denoising techniques. In this paper, we express a brief overview of various noise models. These noise models can be selected by analysis of their origin. In this way, we present a complete and quantitative analysis of noise models available in digital images.
Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration and Regeneration in Alcoholism
Creators: name: Nixon, Kim
name: Crews, Fulton T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Aims: This is a review of preclinical studies covering alcohol-induced brain neuronal death and loss of neurogenesis as well as abstinence-induced brain cell genesis, e.g. brain regeneration. Efforts are made to relate preclinical studies to human studies. Methods: The studies described are preclinical rat experiments using a 4-day binge ethanol treatment known to induce physical dependence to ethanol. Neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits following binge treatment mimic the mild degeneration and cognitive deficits found in humans. Various histological methods are used to follow brain regional degeneration and regeneration. Results: Alcohol-induced degeneration occurs due to neuronal death during alcohol intoxication. Neuronal death is related to increases in oxidative stress in brain that coincide with the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative enzymes that insult brain. Degeneration is associated with increased NF-κB proinflammatory transcription and decreased CREB transcription. Corticolimbic brain regions are most sensitive to binge-induced degeneration and induce relearning deficits. Drugs that block oxidative stress and NF-κB transcription or increase CREB transcription block binge-induced neurodegeneration, inhibition of neurogenesis and proinflammatory enzyme induction. Regeneration of brain occurs during abstinence following binge ethanol treatment. Bursts of proliferating cells occur across multiple brain regions, with many new microglia across brain after months of abstinence and many new neurons in neurogenic hippocampal dentate gyrus. Brain regeneration may be important to sustain abstinence in humans. Conclusions: Alcohol-induced neurodegeneration occurs primarily during intoxication and is related to increased oxidative stress and proinflammatory proteins that are neurotoxic. Abstinence after binge ethanol intoxication results in brain cell genesis that could contribute to the return of brain function and structure found in abstinent humans.
title: Interscanner reproducibility of left ventricular T2 mapping
Creators: name: Heiss, Rafael
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Metabolic disorders

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Cardiac MRI is widely used to investigate a variety of cardiac pathologies from depiction of myocardial infarction to other non ischemic cardiomyopathies. T2 mapping represents a promising new evolving method capable of in vivo tissue...
title: Interscanner reproducibility of left ventricular T1 mapping
Creators: name: Heiss, Rafael
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: MR
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Cardiac MRI is widely used to investigate a variety of cardiac pathologies from depiction of myocardial infarction to other non ischemic cardiomyopathies. T1 mapping represents a promising new evolving method capable of in vivo tissue...
Additional file 1 of How do interventions to improve the efficiency of acute stroke care affect prehospital times? A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Creators: name: McClelland, Graham
name: Hepburn, Sarah
name: Finch, Tracy
name: Price, Christopher I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. (Prehospital stroke time lit review add file 1.doc) includes the search terms.
title: Multiparametric MRI in men with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer undergoing repeated biopsy: a prospective comparison with histopathology
Creators: name: Boesen, Lars
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Biopsy
subject: Brachytherapy

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Advances inmultiparametric MRI(mp-MRI) can improve the detection of significant prostate cancer (sPCa) missed by transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies (TRUS-bx) when selective biopsies are targeted towards suspicious mpMRI lesions [1–5]. The...
Sweet Liking Phenotype, Alcohol Craving and Response to Naltrexone Treatment in Alcohol Dependence
Creators: name: Barkenbus, John
name: Flannery, Barbara
name: Osborne, Michael
name: Gallop, Robert
name: Kampov-Polevoy, Alexey B.
name: Garbutt, James C.
name: Cody, Meghan
name: Grace, Kathy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Aims: To investigate the relationship between the sweet liking/sweet disliking phenotype (a putative probe of brain opioid function), craving for alcohol and response to treatment with naltrexone in individuals with alcohol dependence. Methods: Forty individuals with alcohol dependence were enrolled in a 12-week open-label study of 50 mg of naltrexone with four sessions of motivational enhancement therapy. Prior to treatment, individuals completed a sweet preference test and the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale. Subjects were categorized as sweet liking (SL), n = 15, or sweet disliking (SDL), n = 25, via a standard sweet tasting paradigm. The sweet tasting results were blinded to the subjects and to treatment staff. SL status, pretreatment craving and their interaction were examined as predictors of frequency of abstinent days and heavy drinking days during treatment with naltrexone. Results: SL and SDL subjects achieved similar reductions in percent heavy drinking days with treatment. During treatment, SDL subjects had 48% abstinent days compared to 30% for SL subjects (P = 0.034). Pretreatment craving did not predict % heavy drinking days or % abstinent days. An interaction effect was found between the SL/SDL phenotype and pretreatment craving such that SL subjects with high craving demonstrated higher rates of percent abstinent days whereas SDL subjects with high craving demonstrated lower rates of percent abstinent days, P < 0.001. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the SL/SDL phenotype may predict variation in response to naltrexone and/or counseling treatment. Furthermore, the SL/SDL phenotype may interact with craving to provide a more robust prediction of outcome with naltrexone or counseling.
The MillenniumTNG Project: The galaxy population at $z\geq 8$
Creators: name: Kannan, Rahul
name: Springel, Volker
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Pakmor, Rüdiger
name: Delgado, Ana Maria
name: Hadzhiyska, Boryana
name: Hernández-Aguayo, César
name: Barrera, Monica
name: Ferlito, Fulvio
name: Bose, Sownak
name: White, Simon
name: Frenk, Carlos
name: Smith, Aaron
name: Garaldi, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The early release science results from $\textit{JWST}$ have yielded an unexpected abundance of high-redshift luminous galaxies that seems to be in tension with current theories of galaxy formation. However, it is currently difficult to draw definitive conclusions form these results as the sources have not yet been spectroscopically confirmed. It is in any case important to establish baseline predictions from current state-of-the-art galaxy formation models that can be compared and contrasted with these new measurements. In this work, we use the new large-volume ($L_\mathrm{box}\sim 740 \, \mathrm{cMpc}$) hydrodynamic simulation of the MillenniumTNG project, suitably scaled to match results from higher resolution - smaller volume simulations, to make predictions for the high-redshift ($z\gtrsim8$) galaxy population and compare them to recent $\textit{JWST}$ observations. We show that the simulated galaxy population is broadly consistent with observations until $z\sim10$. From $z\approx10-12$, the observations indicate a preference for a galaxy population that is largely dust-free, but is still consistent with the simulations. Beyond $z\gtrsim12$, however, our simulation results underpredict the abundance of luminous galaxies and their star-formation rates by almost an order of magnitude. This indicates either an incomplete understanding of the new $\textit{JWST}$ data or a need for more sophisticated galaxy formation models that account for additional physical processes such as Population~III stars, variable stellar initial mass functions, or even deviations from the standard $Λ$CDM model. We emphasise that any new process invoked to explain this tension should only significantly influence the galaxy population beyond $z\gtrsim10$, while leaving the successful galaxy formation predictions of the fiducial model intact below this redshift.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS -- Part of the initial set of papers introducing the MillenniumTNG project. Visit www.mtng-project.org for more details
Additional file 1 of Development and Validation of a Kidney-Transplant Specific Measure of Treatment Burden
Creators: name: Lorenz, Elizabeth C.
name: Petterson, Tanya M.
name: Zaniletti, Isabella
name: Lackore, Kandace A.
name: Johnson, Bradley K.
name: Mai, Martin L.
name: Nair, Sumi S.
name: Bentall, Andrew J.
name: Yost, Kathleen J.
name: Eton, David T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Changes made to items of the kidney-transplant specific supplement during cognitive pre-testing1. Supplemental Table 2. Rotated factor loadings and final item communalities for the kidney-transplant specific supplement. Supplemental Table 3. Spearman’s rank order correlations for kidney-transplant specific supplement scales generated by exploratory factor analysis. Supplemental Table 4. Spearman’s rank-order correlations for kidney-transplant specific supplement scales with PETS1 scales. Supplemental Table 5. Spearman’s rank-order correlations for kidney-transplant specific supplement scales with other survey measures. Supplemental Table 6. Comparison of scores for kidney-transplant specific supplement scales among different clinical groups1.
(100959) Julia Emma Dowell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The MillenniumTNG Project: Refining the one-halo model of red and blue galaxies at different redshifts
Creators: name: Hadzhiyska, Boryana
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Eisenstein, Daniel
name: Delgado, Ana Maria
name: Bose, Sownak
name: Kannan, Rahul
name: Pakmor, Rüdiger
name: Springel, Volker
name: Contreras, Sergio
name: Barrera, Monica
name: Ferlito, Fulvio
name: Hernández-Aguayo, César
name: White, Simon D. M.
name: Frenk, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous red galaxies (LRGs) and blue star-forming emission-line galaxies (ELGs) are key tracers of large-scale structure used by cosmological surveys. Theoretical predictions for such data are often done via simplistic models for the galaxy-halo connection. In this work, we use the large, high-fidelity hydrodynamical simulation of the MillenniumTNG project (MTNG) to inform a new phenomenological approach for obtaining an accurate and flexible galaxy-halo model on small scales. Our aim is to study LRGs and ELGs at two distinct epochs, $z = 1$ and $z = 0$, and recover their clustering down to very small scales, $r \sim 0.1 \ {\rm Mpc}/h$, i.e. the one-halo regime, while a companion paper extends this to a two-halo model for larger distances. The occupation statistics of ELGs in MTNG inform us that: (1) the satellite occupations exhibit a slightly super-Poisson distribution, contrary to commonly made assumptions, and (2) that haloes containing at least one ELG satellite are twice as likely to host a central ELG. We propose simple recipes for modeling these effects, each of which calls for the addition of a single free parameter to simpler halo occupation models. To construct a reliable satellite population model, we explore the LRG and ELG satellite radial and velocity distributions and compare them with those of subhalos and particles in the simulation. We find that ELGs are anisotropically distributed within halos, which together with our occupation results provides strong evidence for cooperative galaxy formation (manifesting itself as one-halo galaxy conformity); i.e.~galaxies with similar properties form in close proximity to each other. Our refined galaxy-halo model represents a useful improvement of commonly used analysis tools and thus can be of help to increase the constraining power of large-scale structure surveys.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures; submitted to MNRAS
title: Atypical ductal hyperplasia: long term follow-up of patients without residual microcalcifications after vacuum-assisted breast biopsy conservatively managed
Creators: name: Schiaffino, Simone
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Mammography
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Vacuum assisted biopsy
subject: Multidisciplinary cancer care

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To report the results of extended follow-up of patients conservatively managed after atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) diagnosed at vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB) performed on suspicious clustered microcalcifications without residual...
Immune Function Genes, Genetics, and the Neurobiology of Addiction
Creators: name: Crews, Fulton
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The neuroimmune system (i.e., the immune system and those components of the nervous system that help regulate immune responses), and in particular the innate immune system, play a role in the development of addictions, including alcoholism, particularly in the context of stressful situations. Certain cells of the neuroimmune system are activated both by stress and by environmental factors such as alcohol, resulting in the induction of genes involved in innate immunity. One of the molecules mediating this gene induction is a regulatory protein called nuclear factor-κB, which activates many innate immune genes. Innate immune gene induction in certain brain regions (e.g., the frontal cortex), in turn, can disrupt decision making, which is a characteristic of addiction to alcohol and other drugs. Likewise, altered neuroimmune signaling processes are linked to alcohol-induced negative affect and depression-like behaviors and also regulate alcohol-drinking behavior. Moreover, the expression of several genes and proteins involved in innate immunity is enhanced in addicted people. Finally, specific variants of multiple innate immune genes are associated with the genetic risk for alcoholism in humans, further strengthening the connection between increased brain innate immune gene expression and alcohol addiction.