cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Surviving in Ocean Worlds: Experimental Characterization of Fiber Optic Tethers across Europa-like Ice Faults and Unraveling the Sliding Behavior of Ice
Creators: name: Singh, Vishaal
name: McCarthy, Christine
name: Silvia, Matthew
name: Jakuba, Michael
name: Craft, Kate
name: Rhoden, Alyssa
name: German, Christopher
name: Koczynski, Ted
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an initial step towards in-situ exploration of the interiors of Ocean Worlds to search for life using cryobot architectures, we test how various communication tethers behave under potential Europa-like stress conditions. By freezing two types of pretensioned insulated fiber optic cables inside ice blocks, we simulate tethers being refrozen in a probe's wake as it traverses through an Ocean World's ice shell. Using a cryogenic biaxial apparatus, we simulate shear motion on pre-existing faults at various velocities and temperatures. These shear tests are used to evaluate the mechanical behavior of ice, characterize the behavior of communication tethers, and explore their limitations for deployment by a melt probe. We determine (a) the maximum shear stress tethers can sustain from an ice fault, prior to failure (viable/unviable regimes for deployment) and (b) optical tether performance for communications. We find that these tethers are fairly robust across a range of temperature and velocity conditions expected on Europa (T(K) = 95 to 260; velocity (m/s) = 5 x 10-7 to 3 x 10-4). However, damage to the outer jackets of the tethers and stretching of inner fibers at the coldest temperatures tested both indicate a need for further tether prototype development. Overall, these studies constrain the behavior of optical tethers for use at Ocean Worlds, improve the ability to probe thermomechanical properties of dynamic ice shells likely to be encountered by landed missions, and guide future technology development for accessing the interiors of (potentially habitable / inhabited) Ocean Worlds.
Enhanced five-photon photoluminescence in subwavelength AlGaAs resonators
Creators: name: Zalogina, Anastasiia
name: Tonkaev, Pavel
name: Tripathi, Aditya
name: Lee, Hoo-Cheol
name: Carletti, Luca
name: Park, Hong-Gyu
name: Kruk, Sergey S.
name: Kivshar, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiphoton processes of absorption photoluminescence have enabled a wide range of applications including three-dimensional microfabrication, data storage, and biological imaging. While the applications of two-photon and three-photon absorption and luminescence have matured considerably, higher-order photoluminescence processes remain more challenging to study due to their lower efficiency, particularly in subwavelength systems. Here we report the observation of it five-photon luminescence from a single subwavelength nanoantenna at room temperature enabled by the Mie resonances. We excite an AlGaAs resonator at around 3.6 um and observe photoluminescence at around 740 nm. We show that the interplay of the Mie multipolar modes at the subwavelength scale can enhance the efficiency of the five-photon luminescence by at least four orders of magnitude, being limited only by sensitivity of our detector. Our work paves the way towards applications of higher-order multiphoton processes at the subwavelength scales enabled by the physics of Mie resonances.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Solar Cell Generations over 40% Efficiency
Creators: name: King, R.R.
name: Bhusari, D.
name: Larrabee, D.
name: Liu, X.-Q.
name: Rehder, E.
name: Edmondson, K.
name: Cotal, H.
name: Jones, R.K.
name: Ermer, J.H.
name: Fetzer, C.M.
name: Law, D.C.
name: Karam, N.H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1-15
description: Multijunction III-V concentrator cells of several different types have demonstrated solar conversion
efficiency over 40% since 2006, and represent the only third-generation photovoltaic technology to enter commercial
power generation markets so far. The next stage of solar cell efficiency improvement from 40% to 50%-efficient
production cells, is perhaps the most important yet, since it is in this range that concentrator photovoltaic (CPV)
systems can become the lowest cost option for solar electricity, competing with conventional power generation
without government subsidies. The impact of 40% and 50% cell efficiency on cost-effective geographic regions for
CPV systems is calculated in the continental U.S., Europe, and North Africa. We take a systematic look at a
progression of multijunction cell architectures that will take us up to 50% efficiency, using modeling grounded in
well-characterized solar cell materials systems of today's 40% cells, discussing the theoretical, materials science, and
manufacturing considerations for the most promising approaches. The effects of varying solar spectrum and current
balance on energy production in 4-, 5-, and 6-junction terrestrial concentrator cells are shown to be noticeable, but are
far outweighed by the increased efficiency of these advanced cell designs. Production efficiency distributions of the
last 5 generations of terrestrial concentrator solar cells are discussed. Experimental results are shown for a highly
manufacturable, upright metamorphic 3-junction GaInP/GaInAs/Ge solar cell with 41.6% efficiency independently
confirmed at 484 suns (48.4 W/cm2) (AM1.5D, ASTM G173-03, 25°C), the highest demonstrated for a cell of this
type requiring a single metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth run.
The Peculiar Debris Disk of HD 111520 as Resolved by the Gemini Planet Imager
Creators: name: Draper, Zachary H.
name: Duchêne, Gaspard
name: Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.
name: Matthews, Brenda C.
name: Wang, Jason J.
name: Kalas, Paul
name: Graham, James R.
name: Padgett, Deborah
name: Ammons, S. Mark
name: Bulger, Joanna
name: Chen, Christine
name: Chilcote, Jeffrey K.
name: Doyon, René
name: Fitzgerald, Michael P.
name: Follette, Kate B.
name: Gerard, Benjamin
name: Greenbaum, Alexandra Z.
name: Hibon, Pascale
name: Hinkley, Sasha
name: Macintosh, Bruce
name: Ingraham, Patrick
name: Lafrenière, David
name: Marchis, Franck
name: Marois, Christian
name: Nielsen, Eric L.
name: Oppenheimer, Rebecca
name: Patel, Rahul
name: Patience, Jenny
name: Perrin, Marshall
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Rajan, Abhijith
name: Rameau, Julian
name: Sivaramakrishnan, Anand
name: Vega, David
name: Ward-Duong, Kimberly
name: Wolff, Schuyler G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), we have resolved the circumstellar debris disk around HD 111520 at a projected range of ~30-100 AU in both total and polarized $H$-band intensity. The disk is seen edge-on at a position angle of ~165$^{\circ}$ along the spine of emission. A slight inclination or asymmetric warping are covariant and alters the interpretation of the observed disk emission. We employ 3 point spread function (PSF) subtraction methods to reduce the stellar glare and instrumental artifacts to confirm that there is a roughly 2:1 brightness asymmetry between the NW and SE extension. This specific feature makes HD 111520 the most extreme examples of asymmetric debris disks observed in scattered light among similar highly inclined systems, such as HD 15115 and HD 106906. We further identify a tentative localized brightness enhancement and scale height enhancement associated with the disk at ~40 AU away from the star on the SE extension. We also find that the fractional polarization rises from 10 to 40% from 0.5" to 0.8" from the star. The combination of large brightness asymmetry and symmetric polarization fraction leads us to believe that an azimuthal dust density variation is causing the observed asymmetry.
description: 9 pages, 8 Figures, 1 table, Accepted to ApJ
Effective Doping Density Obtained from Combined Photoconductance and Photoluminescence Measurements
Creators: name: Hameiri, Z.
name: Gao, N.
name: Hallam, B.
name: Sinton, R.A.
name: Weber, J.W.
name: Trupke, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 117-121
description: The effective doping concentration of the bulk of a silicon wafer is an important material parameter for
photovoltaic applications. The techniques commonly used to measure the effective doping density are based on
conductance / resistivity measurements and include both contacted methods such as four-point probe and contactless
approaches such as eddy current measurements. Applying these techniques to diffused wafers is complicated by the
fact that the total conductance is the sum of the bulk conductance and the conductance of the diffused layer. Without
further information about the emitter properties, a clear separation of these two parameters is not possible. This paper
demonstrates a contactless method for specifically measuring the effective doping concentration of the bulk without
significant influence from diffused layers.
Charged black holes from a family of Born-Infeld-type electrodynamics models
Creators: name: Belmar-Herrera, Sebastián
name: Balart, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a family of nonlinear electrodynamics models that are free of the infinite self-energy of the point charge. Each model is dependent on a dimensional nonlinearity parameter and is determined by the integer value of a dimensionless parameter n. The Born-Infeld model is recovered when n = 1. Some of the characteristics of this family are studied. In addition, we study the solutions of electrically charged AdS black holes, which result from coupling these electrodynamic models to General Relativity. A Smarr formula consistent with the first law of thermodynamics is also obtained in an extended phase space.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Heterogeneous dynamics and its length scale in simple ionic liquid models: A computational study
Creators: name: Kim, Soree
name: Park, Sang-Won
name: Jung, YounJoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigate the dynamic heterogeneity and its length scale found in the coarse-grained ionic liquid model systems. In our ionic liquid model systems, cations are modeled as dimers with positive charge, while anions are modeled as monomers with negative charge, respectively. To study the effect of the charge distributions on the cations, two ionic liquid models with different charge distributions are used and the model with neutral charge is also considered as a counterpart. To reveal the heterogeneous dynamics in the model systems, we examine spatial distributions of displacement and time distributions of exchange and persistence times. All the models show significant increase of the dynamic heterogeneity as the temperature is lowered. The dynamic heterogeneity is quantified via the well-known four-point susceptibility which measures the fluctuation of a time correlation function. The dynamic correlation length is calculated by fitting the dynamic structure factor, S4(k,t), with Ornstein-Zernike form at the time scale at which the dynamic heterogeneity reaches the maximum value. Obtained time and length scales exhibit a power law relation at the low temperatures, similar to various supercooled liquid models. Especially, the charged model systems show unusual crossover behaviors which are not observed in the uncharged model system. We ascribe the crossover behavior to the enhanced cage effect caused by charges on the particles.
Electronic Density of States of Polycrystalline Silicon
Creators: name: Von Maydell, K.
name: Lips, K.
name: Nickel, N.H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2525-2528
description: In this paper the electronic density of states of polycrystalline silicon films on glass is presented. The
polycrystalline layers were prepared by excimer-laser crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon films. The
films were characterized by photoluminescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement at low temperatures.
The photoluminescence measurements show a broad peak with a maximum at 0.98 eV which varies with temperature
and doping concentration. In ESR experiments two resonances can be detected, one which can be attributed to the
silicon dangling bond and the other to conducting electrons. From the temperature und doping dependence of the
latter resonance an intra-grain mobility can be calculated. This mobility is close to that found for single crystal
silicon. From these results the electronic density of states is deduced.
On the wavefunction collapse
Creators: name: Stoica, Ovidiu Cristinel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wavefunction collapse is usually seen as a discontinuous violation of the unitary evolution of a quantum system, caused by the observation. Moreover, the collapse appears to be nonlocal in a sense which seems at odds with General Relativity. In this article the possibility that the wavefunction evolves continuously and hopefully unitarily during the measurement process is analyzed. It is argued that such a solution has to be formulated using a time symmetric replacement of the initial value problem in Quantum Mechanics. Major difficulties in apparent conflict with unitary evolution are identified, but eventually its possibility is not completely ruled out. This interpretation is in a weakened sense both local and realistic, without contradicting Bell's theorem. Moreover, if it is true, it makes Quantum Mechanics consistent with General Relativity in the semiclassical framework.
description: Available at: http://quanta.ws/ojs/index.php/quanta/article/view/40
title: Édition TEI de la pièce Ploutos d’Aristophane (Ve siècle avant J.-C.), traduite par Thomas Venatorius (1488/1490 - 1551), 1517
title: Edition in TEI format of the play Ploutos by Aristophanes (5th century BC), translated by Thomas Venatorius (1488/1490 - 1551), 1517
Creators: name: Bastin-Hammou, Malika
name: Muttini, Micol
name: Aristophane (C. 446 – C. 386 BC)
name: Thomas Venatorius (Traducteur)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Theater–Greece
subject: 16th century
subject: Latin language, Medieval and modern
subject: TEI
subject: Latin (langue)
subject: Traduction
subject: Aristophane
subject: XVIe siècle
subject: TEI
subject: translation
subject: Aristophanes
subject: 16th century
subject: Latin

description: This edition is part of the Translatoscope project at Grenoble Alpes University, dedicated to the study of the history of translations of Aristophanes. The text has been encoded in accordance with the recommendations of the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/P5/). 
This edition is based on the text of ms. PP 146, the Latin version of Aristophanes' Ploutos by Thomas Venatorius, which I am publishing here for the first time. I offer an interpretative diplomatic edition and a faithful transcription of the manuscript: by "faithful transcription" I refer to a transcription that resolves abbreviations (which are not indicated, so as not to burden the page with tedious typographical signs), introduces diacritical marks, standardizes capitalization and punctuation, and cuts out words according to modern usage, but scrupulously respects the spelling of the words in the original text. I have corrected mechanical or involuntary errors made by the copyist, to make the text of the Latin version more intelligible to readers.
description: La présente édition s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet Translatoscope de l'Université Grenoble Alpes, dédié à l'étude de l’histoire des traductions d’Aristophane. L’encodage du texte a été réalisé en suivant les recommandations de la Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/P5/). 
Cette édition est basée sur le texte du ms. PP 146. Il s’agit de la version latine du Ploutos d'Aristophane par Thomas Venatorius, que je publie ici pour la première fois. Je propose une édition diplomatique interprétative et j'offre une transcription fidèle du manuscrit : par « transcription fidèle » je me réfère à une transcription qui résout les abréviations (qui ne sont pas signalées, pour ne pas alourdir la page avec des signes typographiques fastidieux), introduit les signes diacritiques, normalise les majuscules et la ponctuation, et découpe les mots selon l’usage moderne, mais respecte scrupuleusement la graphie des mots du texte original. J'ai corrigé les erreurs mécaniques ou involontaires du copiste, pour rendre le texte de la version latine plus intelligible aux lecteurs.
MW-ECR Plasma Hydrogenation of Fine-Grained Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Madi, D.
name: Focsa, A.
name: Tuzun, O.
name: Roques, S.
name: Schmitt, S.
name: Slaoui, A.
name: Birouk, B.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2537-2540
description: The purpose of this work is to investigate the hydrogenation process of thin film polycrystalline n+pp+
silicon cells using MW-ECR plasma in a standard PECVD system. Different operating parameters were varied such
as MW-ECR power, annealing temperature and the doping level of the emitter region. The n+ - type emitter was
obtained by phosphorus diffusion in conventional furnace from an oxide doping source containing phosphorus (P507
or P509 solutions, Filmtronics Inc). The MW hydrogenation was carried out during 60 min at a sample temperature
of 400°C. For both levels of emitter doping, the open-circuit voltage of Poly-Si mesa cells increases vs. applying
MW-ECR plasma power from 155-206 mV before hydrogenation up to 305-331 mV after plasma hydrogenation at
650 W. However, the sheet resistances of the n+ emitter region measured by the four-point probe technique show a
slight increase upon hydrogenation. In a further study hydrogenated samples were annealed in forming or neutral gas.
Post-hydrogenation in forming gaz exhibited an increase in Voc for samples hydrogenated by MW-ECR plasma in the
200 to 400 W range, while a decrease is observed for power between 500 and 650 W.
William Blake & Buckminster Fuller: Lives in Juxtaposition (A study in Comprehensivity)
Creators: name: Friedman, Daniel Ari
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: William Blake
Buckminster Fuller
Comprehensivity

description: Slides for a presentation, initially for 52 Living Ideas on January 8th 2023 at 6pm PT. This is a work in progress, presented for educational and collaborative reasons. Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/JGI0vx_aBdM
description: Adding YouTube link https://youtu.be/JGI0vx_aBdM and full video download to v2.
Вестник научной мысли,Выпуск 4 2022
Creators: name: Дагестанский территориальный институт профессиональных бухгалтеров
Publisher: name: Дагестанский территориальный институт профессиональных бухгалтеров
Year: 2022

description: Вестник научной мысли,Выпуск 4 2022
Crystallographic Analysis and Solar Cells of Polysilicon Films Formed by Aluminium Induced Crystallization
Creators: name: Tuzun, Ö.
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Chatterjee, S.
name: Venkatachalam, S.
name: Maurice, C.
name: Slaoui, A.
name: Gordon, I.
name: Beaucarne, G.
name: Poortmans, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2544-2548
description: In this work, we compare structural and electrical properties of poly-Si solar cells formed on alumina
and glass-ceramic substrates. The formation of poly-Si seed layers formed by aluminium induced crystallization
(AIC) technique is followed by the epitaxial thickening, using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD).
Intrinsic and n+ type amorphous silicon, respectively, were deposited on p-type epi-layer to form the heterojunction
emitter based solar cells. The surface morphologies of the AIC seed layer and epi-layer were observed by optical
microscope and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The average grain size of AIC poly-Si layers
increases up to 25.2Fm by using glass-ceramic substrate while it is only 7.6Fm for poly-Si films on alumina
substrates. Furthermore the preferred orientation is <100> in both cases. Finally, the characteristics of poly-Si based
solar cells were measured by using a solar simulator. The best devices show an efficiency of 3.3% for cells on glassceramic
substrates and about 2.9% on alumina substrates. The reason for this difference will be discussed.
Optical Characterization of Crystalline Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells on Foreign Substrates
Creators: name: Kunz, T.
name: Gazuz, V.
name: Gawehns, N.
name: Burkert, I.
name: Heßmann, M.T.
name: Auer, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2553-2556
description: Crystalline silicon thin-film solar cells were fabricated on foreign substrates. For edge isolation of the
thin-film cells a laser ablation process was developed. The shunt resistance was comparable to former cells isolated
by plasma etching, while the reproducibility of the laser isolation process was higher. The solar cells were
characterized by electroluminescence (EL) and light beam induced current measurements (LBiC). Spatial variations
of the minority carrier lifetime are attributed to the grain structure of the seeding layers recrystallized by zone melting
(ZMR).
An Analysis of the Technical Exigencies and CE Marking Relative to Photovoltaic Inverters of Low Voltage of Less Than 5 kW Marketed in Spain
Creators: name: Salas, V.
name: Alonso-Abella, M.
name: Olías, E.
name: Chenlo, F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3025-3029
description: The objective of this article is to analyse the standards relative to technical exigencies and CE marking that correspond to photovoltaic inverters of low voltage (less than 5 kW) as marketed in Spain. For this study, around
four hundred different models of inverters from the European market were compiled. Twelve of them, 50 Hz singlephase, were chosen, made up of different brands and options of transformer below 5 kW. For these inverters,
regulations for each model were examined according to their data sheet specifications, manual and EC declarations of conformity. Heterogeneity in compliance to the standards was found. In addition, in view of results obtained it is possible to conclude that it would be wise to establish a common set of standards for every country in the world (or at least a common European normalization) according to PV grid inverters. It would enable all grid inverters to be commercialised in compliance with the same standards everywhere.).
William Blake & Buckminster Fuller: Lives in Juxtaposition (A study in Comprehensivity)
Creators: name: Friedman, Daniel Ari
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: William Blake
Buckminster Fuller
Comprehensivity

description: Slides for a presentation, initially for 52 Living Ideas on January 8th 2023 at 6pm PT. This is a work in progress, presented for educational and collaborative reasons.
A DSP Control Programmed Into PV Grid-Connected Inverters Implemented at Low Voltage Grid-Connected PV Systems
Creators: name: Salas, V.
name: Olías, E.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
Balance of System Components

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3030-3032
description: This paper examines the implementation of a new digital control upon a PV grid-connected inverter. The control used was a low cost DSP (TMS320F2407A eZdsp board) containing a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) for grid synchronization and maximum power point tracking block. Firstly, implementation of the whole control was examined via use of Simulink. After that Code Composer Studio software was successfully used as a flexible user interface for controlling and monitoring the process. A 1 kW PV grid-connected inverter prototype was designed and constructed. It was based on an IGBT integrated power module, where drivers and H-bridge are totally integrated into a single chip. Experimental signals were gathered and compared with results of the simulation.
Comparative Analysis of the Dust Losses in Photovoltaic Modules With Different Cover Glasses
Creators: name: Piliougine Rocha, M.
name: Carretero, J.E.
name: Sidrach-De-Cardona, M.
name: Montiel, D.
name: Sánchez-Friera, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2698-2700
description: One cause of power losses in photovoltaic systems is the accumulated dirt on modules surface, mainly
dust but also bird droppings. It is usual to include a loss factor for this cause about 3-4%. The large grid-connect
photovoltaic plants include periodic modules cleaning to avoid these losses. In this paper we have quantified the
losses caused by accumulated dirt on module surface. The use of textured glasses increases the performance of the
modules due to the decrease of reflection losses. We have checked if these losses depend on the structure of the
module surface and also if the rain cleans well enough the modules and in which conditions this cleaning happens.
The obtained results show that losses due to accumulated dirt in modules can reach values about the 15% for period
without rain. We have measure yearly average dirt values of losses about 6% that is greater than the values used in
the sizing and design of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. We can conclude that textured glasses do not
accumulate more dirt than the non-textured glasses and therefore the maintenance of photovoltaic system with
textured glasses does not mean additional expenses.
Predicting residence time and melt temperature in pharmaceutical hot melt extrusion
Creators: name: Winck, Judith
name: Gottschalk, Tobias
name: Thommes, Markus
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hot melt extrusion
subject: Solid dispersion
subject: Process parameter
subject: Quality by design
subject: One dimensional
subject: Simulation
subject: Model
subject: 660

description: Hot-melt extrusion is increasingly applied in the pharmaceutical area as a continuous processing technology, used to design custom products by co-processing drugs together with functional excipients. In this context, the residence time and processing temperature during extrusion are critical process parameters for ensuring the highest product qualities, particularly of thermosensitive materials. Within this study, a novel strategy is proposed to predict the residence time distribution and melt temperature during pharmaceutical hot-melt extrusion processes based on experimental data. To do this, an autogenic extrusion mode without external heating and cooling was applied to process three polymers (Plasdone S-630, Soluplus and Eudragit EPO) at different specific feed loads, which were set by the screw speed and the throughput. The residence time distributions were modeled based on a two-compartment approach that couples the behavior of a pipe and a stirred tank. The throughput showed a substantial effect on the residence time, whereas the influence of the screw speed was minor. On the other hand, the melt temperatures during extrusion were mainly affected by the screw speed compared to the influence of the throughput. Finally, the compilation of model parameters for the residence time and the melt temperature within design spaces serve as the basis for an optimized prediction of pharmaceutical hot-melt extrusion processes.
description: Pharmaceutics;2023, 15(5), 1417
A simple proof of the closed graph theorem
Creators: name: Ramm, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A05

description: Assume that $A$ is a closed linear operator defined on all of a Hilbert space $H$. Then $A$ is bounded. A new short proof of this classical theorem is given on the basis of the uniform boundedness principle. The proof can be easily extended to Banach spaces.
Comparison of Indoor and Outdoor Performance Measurements of Recent Commercially Available Solar Modules
Creators: name: Virtuani, A.
name: Müllejans, H.
name: Ponti, F.
name: Dunlop, E.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2713-2718
description: The strong increase of the PV market is nowadays accompanied by an increasing number of “new”
technologies and concepts now mature for commercialization. A correct calibration of these devices is in some cases
very difficult, because indoor and outdoor performance measurements often lead to different results. In this paper we
compare the indoor and outdoor performance measurements of a set of recent commercially available PV modules,
(conventional and high-efficiency c-Si, single junction, double and triple junction thin film technologies) and we
observe that the maximum power Pmax of some devices measured indoors using our large area pulsed solar simulator
are systematically lower than the power measured outdoors under natural sunlight. The major effects which lead to
these discrepancies are identified, as follows: a) spectral mismatch errors, very significant for CdTe, and all a-Si thin
film technologies; b) measurement-related sweep-time effects, which seem to strongly influence the performance of
high efficiency c-Si devices and to a lesser extend of all a-Si thin film technologies; and c) short-time light soaking
effects, which influence the performance of CIS and to a lesser extent CdTe.
Texturing Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers by Wet Chemical Etching with Nitronium Ion Containing HF-HNO3-H2SO4 – Mixtures
Creators: name: Lippold, M.
name: Kroke, E.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1782-1784
description: In the present study water is replaced by sulfuric acid in the frequently applied HF-HNO3-H2O etching
system. 14N- and 19F-NMR as well as Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze the solutions qualitatively and
quantitatively. For high sulfuric acid concentrations (low amounts of water) nitronium ions NO2+ are detectable, wich
are supposed to play a crucial role for the silicon oxidation. Very high etching rates are observed for solutions
containing certain H2SO4 concentrations. Unexpectedly, porous and rough silicon surface morphologies are obtained
after etching with nitronium ion containing HF-HNO3-H2SO4 mixtures.
Texturisation of Mono-Crystalline Silicon Wafer by Wet Chemical Etchant without Surfactant Additive Through Hydrophobic Masks
Creators: name: Fangsuwannarak, T.
name: Amonsurintawong, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1789-1791
description: Pyramidal texturisation on mono-crystalline silicon wafer is still a state-of-the-art process for solar cell
fabrication in order to achieve good uniformity in pyramidal structures. Costly surfactant additive as isopropyl
alcohol (IPA) is inevitably mixed in conventional alkaline solution to eliminate H2 bubbles striking on the wafer
surface. In industrial PV production, appropriate alkaline solutions with adding IPA lead to uniform-pyramidal
texturisation. In this work, the alternative texturisation method by placing super-hydrophobic grid mask on silicon
wafer in KOH solution without any additive surfactant was investigated. Low tension surface masks in this case are
made from Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a non-attack mask on silicon
surface. In the present work, the size of the opening pattern of these hydrophobic grid masks is about 2 mm and a
separation between the mask and silicon wafer of 1 mm which is suitable to capture H2 bubbles (1-3 mm2). The SEM
imaging of pyramidal structure and the reflectivity were used to evaluate this alternative process. We are reporting a
novel approach of using PTFE mask for accomplishment of pyramidal texturisation overall on silicon surface. An
average reflectance of 14.1% is obtained without any anti-reflectance coating.
Fine and High Aspect Ratio Front Electrode Formation for Improving the Efficiency of the Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Hwang, M.-I.
name: Kim, S.-K.
name: Lee, K.
name: Moon, I.-S.
name: Lim, J.-K.
name: Lee, J.-C.
name: Kyeong, D.-H.
name: Lee, W.-J.
name: Cho, E.-C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1792-1795
description: Fine and tall front metal fingers are essential to minimize optical and electrical loss and improve the
efficiency of multicrystalline silicon solar cells. In this study, three alternative printing methods were examined to
reduce finger width and enhance aspect ratio: (i) double fine line screen printing (ii) hot-melt screen printing, and
(iii) offset printing. We could reduce optical reflection loss of the front metal fingers from 8.1% to 4.1% by
narrowing finger width from 130µm to 36µm and higher aspect ratio with the advanced printing methods. As a result,
the short circuit current of solar cells with fine fingers is increased up to 1.4 mA/cm2 and the efficiency is increased
by 0.8% compared to solar cells with the conventional 130µm finger width. Solar cell efficiency reached to 16.72%.
Morphology of Hydrogenated Silicon Nitride Deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
Creators: name: Quoizola, S.
name: Lecouvreur, P.
name: Pouliquen, S.
name: Bruyère, D.
name: Glenat, H.
name: Bazinette, R.
name: Massines, F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1800-1804
description: As an alternative to the standard industrial Low Pressure Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor
Deposition (LP PECVD) process, an Atmospheric Pressure PECVD (AP PECVD) is under development to deposit
amorphous silicon nitride SiNx:H on silicon solar cells. Due to its online integration capability, this process should
improve industrial productivity. The laboratory scale reactor allows deposition in two modes: in static mode, only a
limited area of the silicon substrate is covered, whereas in dynamic mode, amorphous silicon nitride is deposited on
the whole substrate. Dynamic mode is representative of an industrial configuration. Compared to standard industrial
low pressure PECVD silicon nitride layer, for the same refractive index, atmospheric pressure silicon nitride presents
higher extinction coefficient than low pressure one. Higher silicon content coupled with lower mass density in
atmospheric pressure silicon nitride could explain these results, particularly because of the presence of powders
included in the atmospheric layer. To investigate these points, the morphology of the deposited layers is first studied
by AFM and SEM in dynamic mode. Then, to determine the origin of the observed structure, static mode is
considered.
Indium Sulphide Buffer Layers by In-Line Evaporation for CIGS Thin Film Devices
Creators: name: Spiering, S.
name: Kessler, F.
name: Wischmann, W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2886-2889
description: The potential of in-line indium sulphide as buffer layer prepared by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD)
was investigated in an in-line deposition system that allows substrate areas of up to 30x30 cm². An advantage of the
thermal evaporation process of compound In2S3 is the easy scalability, but the process reproducibility is a challenging
task. Long-term deposition series from one source filling with In2S3 powder were performed to investigate the
development of cell performance during continuous evaporation. Cells with CBD (chemical bath deposition) CdS and
ALD (atomic layer deposition) In2S3 buffer layers were processed as references. Additionally, the impact of
temperature treatment by varying the substrate temperature between 100 °C and 180 °C, as well as by post-annealing
in air was studied. No significant effect of the substrate temperature could be detected, but a clear improvement was
observed for the post-annealing of the complete device. In the present work a best total area cell efficiency of 16.6 %
(with anti-reflection coating, A=0.5 cm²) was obtained. For single cells similar IV characteristics compared to
references with CdS buffer were achieved, but generally the Cd-free devices showed a lower performance.
Quo Vadis Silicon Photovoltaics?
Creators: name: Green, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 16-21
description: The last decade has seen a remarkable evolution in mainstream silicon solar cell technology, documented by greatly increased production volumes and greatly reduced costs. But where is the technology heading? Some of the potentially key developments over the coming decade are reviewed and possible directions for the longer term outlined.
Electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron from $N_f = 2 + 1$ lattice QCD
Creators: name: Salg, Miguel
name: Djukanovic, Dalibor
name: von Hippel, Georg
name: Meyer, Harvey B.
name: Ottnad, Konstantin
name: Wittig, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results for the electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron computed on the Coordinated Lattice Simulations (CLS) ensembles with $N_f = 2 + 1$ flavors of $\mathcal{O}(a)$-improved Wilson fermions and an $\mathcal{O}(a)$-improved conserved vector current. In order to estimate the excited-state contamination, we employ several source-sink separations and apply the summation method. The quark-disconnected diagrams entering the isoscalar quantities are computed explicitly. For this purpose, a stochastic estimation based on the one-end trick is performed, in combination with a frequency-splitting technique and the hopping-parameter expansion. By these means, we obtain a clear signal for the form factors including the quark-disconnected contributions, which have a statistically significant effect on our results. From the $Q^2$-dependence of the form factors, we determine the electric and magnetic charge radii and the magnetic moments of the proton and neutron. The chiral interpolation is carried out by simultaneously fitting the pion mass and $Q^2$-dependence of our form factor data directly to the expressions resulting from covariant chiral perturbation theory including vector mesons. To assess the influence of systematic effects, we average over various cuts in the pion mass and the momentum transfer, as well as over different models for the lattice spacing and finite volume dependence.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, contribution to the 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 8th-13th August, 2022, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\"at Bonn, Bonn, Germany; v2: fixed a bug in the fit code, slightly different results for the neutron, results for the proton unchanged. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2110.10626
Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy as a Technique for Silicon Solar Cell Emitter Structure Characterization
Creators: name: Doering, S.
name: Jakschik, S.
name: Mikolajick, T.
name: Eyben, P.
name: Hantschel, T.
name: Vandervorst, W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 122-125
description: In our work we demonstrate the ability of SSRM (Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy) as a
technique that visualizes two dimensional dopant distribution maps with high lateral resolution and a high dynamic
range. The method is applied to a completely processed multi crystalline silicon solar cell sample exhibiting high
ohmic emitter areas between the front metallization grid and a low ohmic emitter underneath the front metal grid.
After measuring the device under test, a known calibration sample was scanned to correlate SSRM amplifier output
values to actual dopant distribution information. Expected differences in dopant concentration and depth of the
emitter are examined.
Nonlinear ring waves in a two-layer fluid
Creators: name: Khusnutdinova, K. R.
name: Zhang, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface and interfacial weakly-nonlinear ring waves in a two-layer fluid are modelled numerically, within the framework of the recently derived 2+1-dimensional cKdV-type equation. In a case study, we consider concentric waves from a localised initial condition and waves in a 2D version of the dam-break problem, as well as discussing the effect of a piecewise-constant shear flow. The modelling shows, in particular, the formation of 2D dispersive shock waves (DSWs) and oscillatory wave trains. The surface and interfacial DSWs generated in our numerical experiments look distinctively different.
description: 16 pages, 21 figures
Cyclic transformation of orbital angular momentum modes
Creators: name: Schlederer, Florian
name: Krenn, Mario
name: Fickler, Robert
name: Malik, Mehul
name: Zeilinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatial modes of photons are one realization of a QuDit, a quantum system that is described in a D-dimensional Hilbert space. In order to perform quantum information tasks with QuDits, a general class of D-dimensional unitary transformations is needed. Among these, cyclic transformations are an important special case required in many high-dimensional quantum communication protocols. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a cyclic transformation in the high-dimensional space of photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM). Using simple linear optical components, we show a successful four-fold cyclic transformation of OAM modes. Interestingly, our experimental setup was found by a computer algorithm. In addition to the four-cyclic transformation, the algorithm also found extensions to higher-dimensional cycles in a hybrid space of OAM and polarization. Besides being useful for quantum cryptography with QuDits, cyclic transformations are key for the experimental production of high-dimensional maximally entangled Bell-states.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Electrical Characterisation of Semiconductor Thin Films on Conducting Substrates
Creators: name: Konovalov, I.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 126-128
description: A new characterization technique has been designed for measurements of transversal electrical
conductivity of thin semiconductor films on substrates with good electrical conductivity. An example of such
structure may be absorber layer on the bottom contact of a thin film solar cell. The technique is especially suited for
studies of rough inhomogeneous films, even with shunts. The principle of operation is measurement of high
frequency impedance of the film, being capacitive-coupled to another electrode through a thin liquid layer of high
dielectric constant. Absolute measurements of the conductivity are possible, making measurements of minority
carrier lifetime potentially feasible. The conductivity of the film may be modulated using a periodically modulated
light source, so that the impedance modulation may be measured lock-in very sensitively. The technique has been
applied to coevaporated CuInS2 on molybdenum-coated soda lime glass. It was possible to measure the specific
conductivity of the film material and to observe its metastability.
Nematicity in stripe ordered cuprates probed via resonant x-ray scattering
Creators: name: Achkar, A. J.
name: Zwiebler, M.
name: McMahon, Christopher
name: He, F.
name: Sutarto, R.
name: Djianto, Isaiah
name: Hao, Zhihao
name: Gingras, M. J. P.
name: Hücker, M.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Revcolevschi, A.
name: Zhang, H.
name: Kim, Y. -J.
name: Geck, J.
name: Hawthorn, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In underdoped cuprate superconductors, a rich competition occurs between superconductivity and charge density wave (CDW) order. Whether rotational symmetry breaking (nematicity) occurs intrinsically and generically or as a consequence of other orders is under debate. Here we employ resonant x-ray scattering in stripe-ordered (La,M)_2CuO_4 to probe the relationship between electronic nematicity of the Cu 3d orbitals, structure of the (La,M)_2O_2 layers, and CDW order. We find distinct temperature dependences for the structure of the (La,M)_2O_2 layers and the electronic nematicity of the CuO_2 planes, with only the latter being enhanced by the onset of CDW order. These results identify electronic nematicity as an order parameter that is distinct from a purely structural order parameter in underdoped striped cuprates.
description: 23 pages including supplementary information, 3 main figures, 4 supplementary figures