cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Outward-Orientation and Development: Are Revisionists Right?
Creators: name: Srinivasan, T.N.
name: Bhagwati, Jagdish
name: Srinivasan, T.N.
name: Bhagwati, Jagdish
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: developing countries
subject: economic development
subject: economic growth
subject: international trade
subject: openness
subject: import substitution
subject: export promotion
subject: cross-country regressions

description: The costs of import substitution (IS) as a strategy for industrialization, which was deemed synonymous with economic development by many development economists of the fifties and sixties, were shown to be substantial in the influential and nuanced studies of the seventies and eighties under the auspices of OECD, NBER and World Bank. These studies played a critical role in shifting policies in several developing countries away from the IS strategy. Recently there has been a proliferation of cross country regressions as a methodology of analysis of issues relating to growth, trade and other issues. Both proponents (e.g. Sachs and Warner (1995)) and opponents (Rodriguez and Rodrik (1999)) of the view that openness to trade is linked to higher growth have relied on such regressions. The paper systematically reviews the theoretical and empirical studies on such linkage. It rejects the cross-country regression methodology for reasons of their weak theoretical foundation, poor quality of their data base and their inappropriate econometric methodologies. It argues that the most compelling evidence on this issue can come only from careful case studies of policy regimes of individual entries such as those of OECD, NBER and World Bank. It concludes that the virtues of openness established in these nuanced in-depth studies remain unrefuted.
[Letter from Veit Brecher Wittrock]
Creators: name: Wittrock, Veit Brecher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1892
Subjects: Kjellman, Frans Reinhold
Lagerheim, Nils Gustaf

description: Expresses gratitude for the nice contribution to the algae exsiccates. Two new algae numbers will be published in June. Lagerheim has submitted so much material that there will probably be enough for a third number. Number 22 will contain a lot about Cladophora species, partly collected by Kjellman.
D3.1 - Critical analysis of past disasters
Creators: name: Amaratunga, Dilanthi
name: HaigH, Richard
name: Senevirathne, Malith
name: de Acutis, Adriano
name: Nacarlo, Vittoria
name: Zanut, Stefano
name: Karma, Sofia
name: Agnesi, Consuelo
name: Gugg, Giovanni
name: Duca, Gabriella
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This report aims to illustrate the analysis of past disasters via the identified case studies (listed in the methodology section) on their disaster preparedness strategies. The methodological approach consists of a scope of scientific knowledge, case studies from an earthquake, tsunami, flood, terrorist attacks, industrial accidents, COVID-19, and institutional and social trust including a variety of personal and cultural variables. The task analyses in depth procedures and protocols adopted in all the past cases by policy makers on preparedness planning, and first responders’ perspective during the emergency to understand population response.
Simulating galaxy clusters : the ICM and the galaxy populations
Creators: name: Romeo, Alessio D.
name: Sommer-Larsen, J.
name: Portinari, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological LambdaCDM TreeSPH simulations of the formation and evolution of galaxy groups and clusters have been performed. The simulations include: star formation, chemical evolution with non-instantaneous recycling, metal dependent radiative cooling, strong star burst and (optionally) AGN driven galactic super winds, effects of a meta-galactic UV field and thermal conduction. We report results on the temperature and entropy profiles of the ICM, the X-ray luminosity, cold fraction, M/L and IMLR ratios in gas and stars, metal abundances and gradients. Besides, the properties of the galaxy populations in the two richest clusters are discussed: global star formation rates of the cluster galaxies, the total K-band luminosity, the galaxy luminosity functions at z=0 and their redshift evolution, the colour-magnitude relation (``red sequence'') as resulting from metallicity effects, and the role of the IMF in reproducing colours and abundances of the stellar populations. Finally the contribute (20-40 %) to cluster light from the intra-cluster stars and the cD galaxy has been investigated: surface brightness profiles, mean colours and chemical abundances, kinematics (velocity dispersion and distributions) of the IC stellar populations.
description: Conference proceedings, 8 pags., 7 figs
Möhring, Hannes: Der Weltkaiser der Endzeit
Creators: name: Suermann, Harald
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 85 (2001): Oriens christianus, Band 85
Quantification and characterization of anti-interferon beta antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients undergoing interferon beta-1b therapy
Creators: name: Gibbs, Ebrima
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The increasing recognition of antibody induction in patients undergoing treatment with biologically active recombinant proteins, makes these antibodies of concern. In the case of Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS), administration of interferon beta (IFNβ) - lb can lead to the development of anti- IFN β antibodies in some patients. These antibodies may attenuate the effects of IFNβ, resulting in resistance to therapy or to disease relapses. On the other hand, anti-IFNP antibodies may have carrier or stabilizing functions. The purpose of the current study was the quantification of anti- IFN β antibodies in MS patients' sera, and to further characterize the frequency and serial profile of the antibody response. This was achieved by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specifically developed for this study. In the process of developing the sandwich ELISA, an anti- IFN β antibody reference pool was established by screening serum samples from 50 RRMS patients undergoing IFNβ therapy, using a qualitative direct ELISA method. Ten serum samples, identified as anti- IFN β antibody positive, were selected for the reference pool which was arbitrarily assigned an anti- IFNP antibody concentration of 100 Laboratory Units / mL. Serial serum samples of 20 patients on IFNβ -1β therapy were assayed using a standard curve generated from the reference pool, and each assay included a set of sera from 5 healthy individuals. The intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) was 6-10% and inter-assay CV was 3-8%. The validity of the assay was assured through binding specificity, recovery and inhibition tests. Of 20 patients treated for 1-24 months, approximately 16 developed antibodies within the first three months. Two antibody profiles were observed: one profile consisted of a rise and gradual decline of antibodies to pretreatment levels, and a second profile characterized by a rise which was followed by a decline to lower antibody levels that were maintained over the course of treatment. Additionally, supernatants of cultured lymphocytes were assayed, using a biotin-streptavidin amplified version of the sandwich-ELISA, and results indicate that some patients secrete anti- IFNβ antibodies in vitro. These findings confirm that IFNβ -1b is immunogenic in MS patients and that the appearance of anti- IFNβ ' antibodies is an early phenomenon. The sandwich ELISA is a specific, sensitive and reproducible method for the quantification of anti- IFNβ ' antibodies, and can be easily adapted in any laboratory for the large-scale throughput monitoring of anti- IFNP antibodies. The assay can also be employed as a tool to study the effects of anti-IFNP antibodies on the therapeutic efficacy of IFNJ3 in MS patients, and the mode of action of IFNp.
Spin injection and accumulation in inhomogeneous semiconductors
Creators: name: Csontos, Dan
name: Ulloa, Sergio E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of spin transport in charge and spin inhomogeneous semiconductor systems. In particular, we investigate the propagation of spin-polarized electrons through a boundary between two semiconductor regions with different doping concentrations. We use a theoretical and numerical method, presented in this paper, based on a self-consistent treatment of a two-component version of the Boltzmann transport equation. We show that space-charge effects strongly influence the spin transport properties, in particular giving rise to pronounced spin accumulation and spin density enhancement.
description: 4 pages
title: Πλαίσια ανάλυσης κινδύνων και μέτρων ασφάλειας για επαγγελματικούς κινδύνους σε υπόγεια έργα με έμφαση στα ορυχεία
title: Methods of hazard analysis and safety measures for occupational hazards underground activities and mines
Creators: name: Μερταρακη Ιωαννα
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2021

description: O σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι να εξετάσει ένα συστηματικό πλαίσιο ανάλυσης κινδύνων σε υπόγεια έργα με έμφαση τις εργασίες σε ορυχεία. Μια αρχική ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας θα φέρει στο φως τους επικρατέστερους κινδύνους στα υπόγεια έργα (π.χ. τούνελ και ορυχεία) και στις χωματουργικές εργασίες. Θα εξεταστεί η αξιολόγηση των κινδύνων αυτών με ένα συνδυασμό μεθόδων που περιλαμβάνουν τα διαγράμματα «απειλών-κινδύνων-επιπτώσεων» (bow-ties), δένδρα αστοχιών και δένδρα γεγονότων. Επίσης, θα καταβληθεί προσπάθεια στο να αναπτυχθούν τα δυναμικά χαρακτηριστικά των μεθόδων αυτών, όπως τα δυναμικά δένδρα γεγονότων.
Επίσης, θα αναπτυχθούν τέσσερις μελέτες περιπτώσεων για την εφαρμογή του πλαισίου ανάπτυξης. Ενδεικτικά αναφέρονται οι κάτωθι περιπτώσεις:
•	Κατακρήμνιση οροφής σε υπόγεια έργα
•	Εκρήξεις σε ορυχεία
•	Εγκλωβισμός μπουλντόζας σε υπόγεια κενά
•	Ανατροπή εκσκαφέα
Ακολούθως, θα εξεταστεί ένα πλαίσιο ανάπτυξης προληπτικών και προστατευτικών μέτρων ασφαλείας το οποίο θα έχει γενική εφαρμογή στο σχεδιασμό των μέτρων για διαφορετικούς κινδύνους.
Academic integrity in higher education –who is responsible?
Creators: name: Yates, Steven
name: Ford, Allie
name: Jansen, Sarah
name: Cashen, Melinda
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: A paper presented at the International First Year in Higher Education Conference 2014.
Academic integrity is not well understood by first year students who are often unaware of the subtleties of plagiarism and collusion. This paper focuses on the design, delivery and evaluation of an online academic integrity resource for all first year students, using a coordinated, university-wide ‘third generation’ approach. Designed to complement the implementation of text matching software across the university, the online resource uses distinct categories of plagiarism to improve awareness of the need for critical thinking, referencing and writing in university study.The aim of the resource was to develop a common understanding amongst transitioning students in relation to the ethics underpinning academic integrity. With a focus on enabling students to choose their own learning journey, a design team comprised of major stakeholders responsible for ensuring academic integrity within the university collaborated to create a series of modules. A neclectic-mixed methods-pragmatic paradigm methodology was applied to evaluate its design and implementation.
Vortex rings drive entrainment and cooling in flow induced by a spark discharge
Creators: name: Singh, Bhavini
name: Rajendran, Lalit K.
name: Zhang, Jiacheng
name: Vlachos, Pavlos P.
name: Bane, Sally P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spark plasma discharges induce vortex rings and a hot gas kernel. We develop a model to describe the late stage of the spark induced flow and the role of the vortex rings in the entrainment of cold ambient gas and the cooling of the hot gas kernel. The model is tested in a plasma-induced flow, using density and velocity measurements obtained from simultaneous stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (S-PIV) and background oriented schlieren (BOS). We show that the spatial distribution of the hot kernel follows the motion of the vortex rings, whose radial expansion increases with the electrical energy deposited during the spark discharge. The vortex ring cooling model establishes that entrainment in the convective cooling regime is induced by the vortex rings and governs the cooling of the hot gas kernel, and the rate of cooling increases with the electrical energy deposited during the spark discharge.
description: Submitted to Physical Review Fluids
Visitations and Transfers in Non Intact Households
Creators: name: Del Boca, Daniela
name: Ribero, Rocio
name: Del Boca, Daniela
name: Ribero, Rocio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: divorce
subject: visitations
subject: child support transfers

description: Recent research reveals a negative impact of divorce on children's welfare as a consequence of the reduction in monetary and time contributions by the non-custodian parent. When the custody arrangement is sole custody, the variables that link the absent parent to the child are visitations and child support transfers. We explain visitations and child support transfers using a behavioral model of competitive equilibrium in which both variables are the results of competitive allocations realized in a decentralized noncooperative manner. In our framework the mother has control over visitations and the father has control over child support. Estimates of the model are used to simulate the effects of alternative endowment levels on the proportion of time spent with the noncustodial parent and the ex-post parental income distribution. Our results show that a more equal allocation of time with the child, though beneficial to the children, may have a negative effect for the mother's welfare, increasing the income gap between ex-spouses.
The dynamical evolution and the force model for asteroid (196256) 2003 EH1
Creators: name: Galushina, Tatyana Yu.
name: Sambarov, Georgy E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to the dynamics of asteroid (196256) 2003 EH1 that belongs to the Amor group. It is known that the asteroid 2003 EH1 is associated with one of the main annual meteor showers the Quadrantids. In this work we analyze the influence of various perturbing factors on the asteroid motion. The perturbations estimation was done by five different methods based on the nominal orbit evolution and the size of the initial confidence region. The most significant influences on the dynamical evolution of 2003 EH1 are gravitational forces from the Sun, major planets and the Moon, and the relativistic effects (RE) of the Sun. Of less importance are the Earth, the Sun and Jupiter oblateness; gravitational perturbations from Pallas, Ceres, Vesta and Pluto; and the RE of planets, the Moon, and Pluto. The researches of chaoticity and evolution of asteroid 2003 EH1 were examined by integrating its motion equations along with 500 clones. The time interval (from 1000 to 4000 years) has been determined by integration precision estimation. We calculated the mean exponential growth factor of nearby orbits (MEGNO) and found that MEGNO less than two only in the interval from 1700 to 2300. After 2300 year the MEGNO parameter increases that indicates motion instability. It shows that the orbit may be considered as regular on the time interval of 300 years from now, and as chaotic outside this interval. The reason, as we suppose, is frequent close approaches of the asteroid with Jupiter and the overlap of apsidal nodal resonances.
Revisiting Magnetogenesis during Inflation
Creators: name: Talebian, Alireza
name: Nassiri-Rad, Amin
name: Firouzjahi, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the mechanism of primordial magnetogenesis during inflation by taking into account the dynamics of the stochastic noises of the electromagnetic perturbations. We obtain the associated Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations for the electromagnetic fields and solve them analytically. It is shown that while the backreactions of the electric field energy density may spoil inflation too early, but there are regions of parameter space where the usual decaying behavior of the magnetic fields are replaced by a mean-reverting process of stochastic dynamics. As a result, the magnetic fields settle down into an equilibrium state with the amplitude significantly larger than what is obtained in the absence of the stochastic noises. We show that magnetic fields with present time amplitude $\sim 10^{-13}$ Gauss and coherent length ${\rm Mpc}$ can be generated while the backreactions of the electric field perturbations are under control.
The Changing Trade and Revealed Comparative Advantages of Asian and Latin American Manufacture Exports
Creators: name: Bender, Siegfried
name: Li, Kui-Wai
name: Bender, Siegfried
name: Li, Kui-Wai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: international trade
subject: revealed comparative advantage
subject: manufacture exports

description: Changes in comparative advantage should reflect changes in factor endowment, but increasingly, changes in trade policies also affect a region's trade performance. Based on the arguments in Balassa's stages of comparative advantage thesis, this paper looks at the performance of manufacture exports in a number of Asian and Latin American economies over the period 1981-1997 and examines the revealed comparative advantage indices between economies in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Latin America. Although the RCA measurement may not distinguish between the factor endowment effects from the trade policy effect, we argue that RCA measures provide indication on the movement in a region's comparative advantage. The evidence strongly suggests that despite the strong export performance experienced by East Asian economies, they are losing their comparative advantage to the lower-tier economies in Southeast Asia and Latin America.
GASP XXVI. HI Gas in Jellyfish Galaxies: The case of JO201 and JO206
Creators: name: Ramatsoku, M.
name: Serra, P.
name: Poggianti, B. M.
name: Moretti, A.
name: Gullieuszik, M.
name: Bettoni, D.
name: Deb, T.
name: Franchetto, A.
name: van Gorkom, J. H.
name: Jaffé, Y.
name: Tonnesen, S.
name: Verheijen, M. A. W
name: Vulcani, B.
name: Andati, L. A. L.
name: de Blok, E.
name: Józsa, G. I. G.
name: Kamphuis, P.
name: Kleiner, D.
name: Maccagni, F. M.
name: Makhathini, S.
name: Molnár, D. Cs.
name: Ramaila, A. J. T.
name: Smirnov, O.
name: Thorat, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present HI observations of the jellyfish galaxy, JO201. This massive galaxy (M$_{\ast} = 3.5 \times 10^{10}$ M$_\odot$) is falling along the line-of-sight towards the centre of a rich cluster (M$_{200} \sim 1.6 \times 10^{15}$ M$_\odot$, $σ_{cl} \sim 982$ km/s) at a high velocity $\geq$3363 km/s. Its H$α$ emission shows a $\sim$40 kpc tail confined closely to its stellar disc and a $\sim$100 kpc tail extending further out. We find HI emission coinciding only with the shorter clumpy H$α$ tail. In total, we measure an HI mass of M$_{\rm HI} = 1.65 \times 10^{9}$ M$_\odot$, which is about 60% lower than expected based on its stellar mass and stellar surface density. We compared JO201 to another jellyfish in the GASP sample, JO206 (of similar mass but residing in a 10$\times$ less massive cluster), and find that they are similarly HI-deficient. Of the total HI mass in JO201, about 30% lies outside the galaxy disc in projection. This HI fraction is probably a lower limit since most of the HI is redshifted relative to the stellar disc and could be outside the disc. The global star formation rate (SFR) analysis of JO201 suggests that its observed SFR would be expected if it had 10$\times$ its current HI mass. The disc is the main contributor of the high star formation efficiency at a given HI gas density for both galaxies, but their tails also show higher star formation efficiencies compared to the outer regions of field galaxies. Generally, we find that JO201 and JO206 are similar based on their HI content, stellar mass and star formation rate. This finding is unexpected considering their different environments. A toy model comparing the ram pressure of the ICM versus the restoring forces of these galaxies suggests that the ram pressure strength exerted on them could be comparable if we consider their 3D orbital velocities and radial distances relative to the clusters.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
The woes of Tamil Repartriates in Kerala
Creators: name: KM SEETHI
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140301 Cross-Sectional Analysis
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Geography
subject: 140211 Labour Economics

description: The problems of statelessness and human insecurity are part of the postcolonial nation and state building processes in the Global South countries. The phenomenon of statelessness emerges most often in response to discriminatory citizenship policies followed by governments that fail to match the complex moulds of identities experienced by nation-states. The social trajectory of the Tamils of Indian origin in Sri Lanka is a clear case. This paper tries to analyse the problemof Tamil ‘statelessness’ within the framework of human security and examines how
this question has been addressed by India through the process of repatriation and rehabilitation. The context of this paper is the human security predicament of the Tamils living in Kerala in the context of new challenges of citizenship in the post-repatriation period.
The Profits of Power: Land Rights and Agricultural Investment in Ghana
Creators: name: Goldstein, Markus
name: Udry, Christopher R.
name: Goldstein, Markus
name: Udry, Christopher R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land tenure
subject: investment
subject: institutions

description: We examine the impact of ambiguous and contested land rights on investment and productivity in agricultural in Akwapim, Ghana. We show that individuals who hold powerful positions in a local political hierarchy have more secure tenure rights, and that as a consequence they invest more in land fertility and have substantially higher output. The intensity of investments on different plots cultivated by a given individual correspond to that individual's security of tenure over those specific plots, and in turn to the individual's position in the political hierarchy relevant to those specific plots. We interpret these results in the context of a simple model of the political allocation of land rights in local matrilineages.
Labor Surplus Economies
Creators: name: Ranis, Gustav
name: Ranis, Gustav
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: development theory
subject: labor markets

description: The labor surplus economy model has as its basic premise the inability of unskilled agricultural labor markets to clear in countries with high man/land ratios. In such situations, the marginal product of labor is likely to fall below a bargaining wage, related to the average rather than the marginal product. The reallocation of such disguisedly unemployed workers by means of "balanced" intersectoral growth ultimately permits the entire economy to operate on neo-classical principles. Finally, the paper introduces open economy dimensions, indicates the existence of other labor surplus sub-sectors and briefly responds to neo-classical critiques on both theoretical and empirical grounds.
A ‘Testing Time’ for Ageing: Geronticide or Necropolitics?
Creators: name: KM SEETHI
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130205 Humanities and Social Sciences Curriculum and Pedagogy (excl. Economics, Business and Management)
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 220106 Medical Ethics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 220104 Human Rights and Justice Issues
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: With the Covid-19 proliferation taking on a dreadful speed, humanity is in the throes of an unprecedented breakdown. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) seems to have the armoury to legitimate the Darwinian dictum—“Survival of the Fittest.” Even the world’s megatowns and megacities of affluence/abundance have gone bust.
Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education
Creators: name: Schultz, T. Paul
name: Schultz, T. Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Africa
subject: wage returns to schooling
subject: inequality
subject: HIV
subject: AIDS

description: Wage-differentials by education of men and women are examined from African household surveys to suggest private wage returns to schooling. It is commonly asserted that returns are highest at primary school levels and decrease at secondary and postsecondary levels, whereas private returns in six African countries are today highest at the secondary and post secondary levels, and rates are similar for women as for men. The large public subsidies for postsecondary education in Africa, therefore, are not needed to motivate students to enroll, and those who have in the past enrolled in these levels of education are disproportionately from the better-educated families. Higher education in Africa could be more efficient and more equitably distributed if the children of well-educated parents paid the public costs of their schooling, and these tuition revenues facilitated the expansion of higher education and financed fellowships for children of the poor and less educated parents.
Observing Unobservables: Identifying Information Asymmetries with a Consumer Credit Field Experiment
Creators: name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Zinman, Jonathan
name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Zinman, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: information asymmetries
subject: field experiment
subject: adverse selection
subject: moral hazard
subject: development finance
subject: credit markets
subject: microfinance

description: Information asymmetries are important in theory but difficult to identify in practice. We estimate the empirical importance of adverse selection and moral hazard in a consumer credit market using a new field experiment methodology. We randomized 58,000 direct mail offers issued by a major South African lender along three dimensions: 1) the initial "offer interest rate" appearing on direct mail solicitations; 2) a "contract interest rate" equal to or less than the offer interest rate and revealed to the over 4,000 borrowers who agreed to the initial offer rate; and 3) a dynamic repayment incentive that extends preferential pricing on future loans to borrowers who remain in good standing. These three randomizations, combined with complete knowledge of the Lender's information set, permit identification of specific types of private information problems. Specifically, our setup distinguishes adverse selection from moral hazard effects on repayment, and thereby generates unique evidence on the existence and magnitudes of specific credit market failures. We find evidence of both adverse selection (among women) and moral hazard (predominantly among men), and the findings suggest that about 20% of default is due to asymmetric information problems. This helps explain the prevalence of credit constraints even in a market that specializes in financing high-risk borrowers at very high rates.
Megaton Water Cerenkov Detectors and Astrophysical Neutrinos
Creators: name: Goodman, Maury
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although formal proposals have not yet been made, the UNO and Hyper-Kamiokande projects are being developed to follow-up the tremendously successful program at Super-Kamiokande using a detector that is 20-50 times larger. The potential of such a detector to continue the study of astrophysical neutrinos is considered and contrasted with the program for cubic kilometer neutrino observatories.
description: 4 pages Submitted to the Proceedings of the 2004 Neutrino Oscillation Workshop, Otranto Italy
Aharonov-Bohm Effect for Parallel and T-shaped Double Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Tanaka, Yoichi
name: Kawakami, Norio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect for the double quantum dots in the Kondo regime using the slave-boson mean-field approximation. In contrast to the non-interacting case, where the AB oscillation generally has the period of 4$π$ when the two-subring structure is formed via the interdot tunneling $t_c$, we find that the AB oscillation has the period of 2$π$ in the Kondo regime. Such effects appear for the double quantum dots close to the T-shaped geometry even in the charge-fluctuation regime. These results follow from the fact that the Kondo resonance is always fixed to the Fermi level irrespective of the detailed structure of the bare dot-levels.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures; minor changes
Baby Boom or Bust? Changing Fertility in Post-Communist Czech Republic and Slovakia
Creators: name: Chase, Robert S.
name: Chase, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Transition from a centrally planned to a market oriented economy alters the incentives individuals face as they make consumption and time allocation decisions. Families must reevaluate their fertility plans as a result of new wage structures, reduced government subsidies of the costs of raising children, and uncertainty from a changed economic environment. Using micro-data from 1984 and 1993 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, this paper estimates a dynamic stock adjustment model, relating observed drops in fertility post-Communism to new wages, prices, and risks. Because transition will have affected only those born in the three years prior to the 1993 data, considering children under age three isolates these effects. Earnings influence total demand for children during Communism through substitution effects for women's earnings and income effects for men's. In all four data sets, earnings levels have little effect on fertility timing, though age and job uncertainty do effect the probability of having young children, particularly following Communism. Earnings changes across regime also impact fertility timing decisions, though the effects are different in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
q-Breathers and the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam Problem
Creators: name: Flach, S.
name: Ivanchenko, M. V.
name: Kanakov, O. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) paradox consists of the nonequipartition of energy among normal modes of a weakly anharmonic atomic chain model. In the harmonic limit each normal mode corresponds to a periodic orbit in phase space and is characterized by its wave number $q$. We continue normal modes from the harmonic limit into the FPU parameter regime and obtain persistence of these periodic orbits, termed here $q$-Breathers (QB). They are characterized by time periodicity, exponential localization in the $q$-space of normal modes and linear stability up to a size-dependent threshold amplitude. Trajectories computed in the original FPU setting are perturbations around these exact QB solutions. The QB concept is applicable to other nonlinear lattices as well.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Perception of the Vulnerability of Quilombola Farmers in Alcântara, Eastern Amazonia, Brazil
Creators: name: Gutiérrez, Jhonatan Andrés Muñoz
name: dos Santos, Ceália Cristine
name: Celentano, Danielle
name: Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier
name: da Silva, Taline Cristina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This study addresses the contextual vulnerability of farmers using participatory risk mapping with different stakeholders. Additionally, through logistic regression, it identifies factors that influence the perception of climate risk. The results indicate that the perception and relevance of stressors vary among different stakeholders, as well as among farmers of different genders and ages. Non-climatic stressors are more relevant to farmers’ livelihoods than climatic ones, although their interaction can exacerbate the impacts. Non-climate stressors identified in the past in the region continue to exacerbate communities’ vulnerability. The lack of technical assistance is the most serious stressor. The lack of land and the delayed rains are the most severe stressors. Farmers’ knowledge of climate change did not influence their perception of climate risks. Public climate adaptation policies should consider the local context, as well as the gender and age distributions of the public involved.
Diffusion-induced Ramsey narrowing
Creators: name: Xiao, Yanhong
name: Novikova, Irina
name: Phillips, David F.
name: Walsworth, Ronald L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel form of Ramsey narrowing is identified and characterized. For long-lived coherent atomic states coupled by laser fields, the diffusion of atoms in-and-out of the laser beam induces a spectral narrowing of the atomic resonance lineshape. Illustrative experiments and an intuitive analytical model are presented for this diffusion-induced Ramsey narrowing, which occurs commonly in optically-interrogated systems.
description: 4 pages, 8 figures
One PLOT to Show Them All: Visualization of Efficient Sets in Multi-Objective Landscapes
Creators: name: Schäpermeier, Lennart
name: Grimme, Christian
name: Kerschke, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visualization techniques for the decision space of continuous multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs) are rather scarce in research. For long, all techniques focused on global optimality and even for the few available landscape visualizations, e.g., cost landscapes, globality is the main criterion. In contrast, the recently proposed gradient field heatmaps (GFHs) emphasize the location and attraction basins of local efficient sets, but ignore the relation of sets in terms of solution quality. In this paper, we propose a new and hybrid visualization technique, which combines the advantages of both approaches in order to represent local and global optimality together within a single visualization. Therefore, we build on the GFH approach but apply a new technique for approximating the location of locally efficient points and using the divergence of the multi-objective gradient vector field as a robust second-order condition. Then, the relative dominance relationship of the determined locally efficient points is used to visualize the complete landscape of the MOP. Augmented by information on the basins of attraction, this Plot of Landscapes with Optimal Trade-offs (PLOT) becomes one of the most informative multi-objective landscape visualization techniques available.
description: This version has been accepted for publication at the 16th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (PPSN XVI)
Feulner, Hans-Jürgen: Die armenische Athanasius-Anaphora
Creators: name: Renoux, Charles
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 85 (2001): Oriens christianus, Band 85
New Reactor Neutrino Experiments besides Double-CHOOZ
Creators: name: Goodman, Maury
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several new reactor neutrino experiments are being considered to measure the parameter theta-13. The current plans for Angra, Braidwood, Daya Bay, KASKA and KR2DET are reviewed. A case is made that, together with Double-CHOOZ, a future world program should include at least three such experiments.
description: 4 pages Submitted to the Proceedings of the 2004 Neutrino Oscillation Workshop, Otranto Italy
Tuning the ferromagnetic properties of hydrogenated GaMnAs
Creators: name: Thevenard, Laura
name: Largeau, Ludovic
name: Mauguin, Olivia
name: Lemaître, Aristide
name: Theys, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogenation and posthydrogenation annealings have been used as a very efficient tool to tune the hole density over a wide range, at fixed magnetic moment concentration, in thin GaMnAs layers. Reduction of the hole density resulted in strong modifications of their ferromagnetic properties. In particular, we observed in magnetotransport experiments the decrease of the Curie temperature, along with modifications of the magnetic anisotropy, a behavior consistent with the mean-field theory.
Neon and Oxygen Abundances in M33
Creators: name: Crockett, N. R.
name: Garnett, D. R.
name: Massey, P.
name: Jacoby, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new spectroscopic observations of 13 H II regions in the Local Group spiral galaxy M33. The regions observed range from 1 to 7 kpc in distance from the nucleus. Of the 13 H II regions observed, the [O III] 4363 Angstrom line was detected in six regions. Electron temperatures were thus able to be determined directly from the spectra using the [O III] 4959,5007 A/4363 A line ratio. Based on these temperature measurements, oxygen and neon abundances and their radial gradients were calculated. For neon, a gradient of -0.016 +/- 0.017 dex/kpc was computed, which agrees with the Ne/H gradient derived previously from ISO spectra. A gradient of -0.012 +/- 0.011 dex/kpc was computed for O/H, much shallower than was derived in previous studies. The newly calculated O/H and Ne/H gradients are in much better agreement with each other, as expected from predictions of stellar nucleosynthesis. We examine the correlation between the WC/WN ratio and metallicity, and find that the new M33 abundances do not impact the observed correlation significantly. We also identify two new He II-emitting H II regions in M33, the first to be discovered in a spiral galaxy other than the Milky Way. In both cases the nebular He II emission is not associated with Wolf-Rayet stars. Therefore, caution is warranted in interpreting the relationship between nebular He II emission and Wolf-Rayet stars when both are observed in the integrated spectrum of an H II region.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Electron transport in semiconducting carbon nanotubes with hetero-metallic contacts
Creators: name: Xue, Yongqiang
name: Ratner, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an atomistic self-consistent study of the electronic and transport properties of semiconducting carbon nanotube in contact with metal electrodes of different work functions, which shows simultaneous electron and hole doping inside the nanotube junction through contact-induced charge transfer. We find that the band lineup in the nanotube bulk region is determined by the effective work function difference between the nanotube channel and source/drain electrodes, while electron transmission through the SWNT junction is affected by the local band structure modulation at the two metal-nanotube interfaces, leading to an effective decoupling of interface and bulk effects in electron transport through nanotube junction devices.
description: Higher quality figures available at http://www.albany.edu/~yx152122
Taft, Robert F.: Il Sanctus nell' Anaphora
Creators: name: Winkler, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 85 (2001): Oriens christianus, Band 85
Torques felt by solid accreting planets
Creators: name: Regály, Zsolt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solid material of protoplanetary discs forms an asymmetric pattern around a low-mass planet (M_p<=10M_Earth) due to the combined effect of dust-gas interaction and the gravitational attraction of the planet. Recently, it has been shown that although the total solid mass is negligible compared to that of gas in protoplanetary discs, a positive torque can be emerged by a certain size solid species. The torque magnitude can overcome that of gas which may result in outward planetary migration. In this study, we show that the accretion of solid species by the planet strengthens the magnitude of solid torque being either positive or negative. We run two-dimensional, high-resolution (1.5Kx3K) global hydrodynamic simulations of an embedded low-mass planet in a protoplanetary disc. The solid material is handled as a pressureless fluid. Strong accretion of well-coupled solid species by a M_p<0.3M_Earth protoplanet results in the formation of such a strongly asymmetric solid pattern close to the planet that the positive solid torque can overcome that of gas by two times. However, the accretion of solids in the pebble regime results in increased magnitude negative torque felt by protoplanets and strengthened positive torque for Earth-mass planets. For M_p>=3M_Earth planets the magnitude of the solid torque is positive, however, independent of the accretion strength investigated. We conclude that the migration of solid accreting planets can be substantially departed from the canonical type-I prediction.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Intelligent intervention : toward a definition for the process of design in the architecture of design/build
Creators: name: Poorzand, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The method of Design/Build is known for its practicality and skillful designers and builders. However, high quality buildings produced by this method suggest there is an intellectual wealth hidden beneath this technical practicality. To uncover this wealth, a definition for the processes of design used in this method must be constructed to clarify its intellectual aspects. Such a definition begins with the assumption that design is an intelligent process through which people arrange their environment. To uphold the intelligence of design, the interaction between human (designer, tradesperson, client, or inhabitants) and architecture must be maintained throughout the process. The unique conditions in the method of Design/build allow the human intellect to freely interpret and intervene in the processes of architecture. To fully exploit these conditions, a designer must develop a particular view, seeing architecture as combined processes rather than as an end-result. Via this view, it becomes evident that the arrangement of lines, forms, and structures of buildings is just a material manifestation of a deeper reality, i.e. the agreed values that an individual or society holds. These values are translated into two groups of design principles in architecture. The first group is geometrical and includes proportion, symmetry, order, and unity. The second group is relational and leads to consideration of adaptability, nature, need, tradition, and material. These principles define the relationships of architecture, humans, and the environment, expressing the role of intelligence in man-made settings. In Design/Build, these principles can be incorporated into the processes of design far more than in any other method, because architecture is intimately connected to environment (social and natural), and there is a dynamic interaction between designing and building. This method sees architecture as a combination of processes, considering design not as rules and regulations, but as a process that is empowered and motivated by the events of everyday life. This method arrives at the rules and regulation of architecture only after recognizing this fact. Without the attendance of life in an architectural process, the geometrical and relational principles of design are dull and meaningless. By establishing this view, this paper hopes to construct a definition for the design process of Design/Build, a definition that does not deal solely with the technicality and practicality of this method but rather with the intellectual aspects of the process.
Competition, Chromium, and Contracts: The Interaction Between Bidding Intensity and Toxic Waste Releases
Creators: name: Hill, Dustin T.
name: Collins, Mary B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology

description: The public procurement sector has a high impact on the environment including pollution from manufacturing. Competition is the primary way that the United States government ensures that the most efficient facilities receive contracts, but whether this competition leads to more, or less, pollution is unknown. We explore the impact of competition for contracts on contractor pollution in sectors that handle chromium, a toxic, yet necessary, component in many goods. We find that competition alone has negligible impact on overall chromium releases among contractors; however, the way chromium is used in the manufacturing process does. Contractors that use chromium as a component report higher releases of chromium waste than contractors that only use chromium in non-incorporative ways. However, when contractors face higher competition for contracts, pollution levels significantly decrease. This suggests that both competition and the use of the metal are important. Findings support a complex association between competition and pollution generation.