Caldwellia H. Adams 1873
Creators: name: Hyman, Isabel T.
name: Ponder, Winston F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Helicarionidae
Caldwellia

description: Caldwellia H. Adams, 1873   
 Type species Helix philyrina Morelet, 1851 (OD). Mauritius.   
 Description. External morphology: Shell 4.1–4.4 whorls, not glossy, spire and apex raised. Protoconch sculptured with fine spiral lirae; teleoconch with spiral and radial lirae intersecting to form raised beads. Whorl profile flattened above and below keeled periphery (Caldwellia imperfecta) or rounded above and below an angulate periphery (C. angularis). Internal walls of early whorls complete; umbilicus closed. Mantle laps absent. Right and median mantle lobes small, left lobe absent. Sole of foot and caudal apparatus as for family; caudal horn large.   
 Mantle cavity: As for family. Mantle with (C. angularis) or without (C. imperfecta) visible minor blood vessels; pigmentation of white spots.   
 Digestive system: Oesophageal crop absent.   
 Genital system: As for family. Carrefour embedded in albumen gland, talon free (only examined in C. angularis). Free oviduct of medium length (C. imperfecta) to long (C. angularis); capsular gland present; internally with longitudinal pilasters (C. imperfecta) or partially fused pustules (C. angularis). Bursa copulatrix inserted on vagina, moderately short, about half spermoviduct length; duct of bursa copulatrix wide, distinguishable from bursa copulatrix, internally with longitudinal pilasters. Vagina internally smooth (C. imperfecta) or with wavy longitudinal pilasters (C. angularis). Epiphallus enters penis through simple pore (C. angularis) or short verge (C. imperfecta); penis internally smooth, longitudinal penis pilasters present, apical diverticulum on penis absent (C. angularis) or present (C. imperfecta). Penial sheath present, enclosing only penis; muscle connecting top of penial sheath to epiphallus present; penis retractor muscle attached to base of epiphallic caecum (C. imperfecta) or to epiphallus (C. angularis). Epiphallic retractor caecum absent (C. angularis) or present (C. imperfecta). Flagellum present; flagellum and distal part of epiphallus without internal cryptae and externally smooth and slender. Spermatophore not present in dissected specimens.   
 Radula: Very wide, no lateral wrinkles, but central tooth area longitudinally shorter than rest of radula and tooth rows V-shaped. Central tooth with no ectocones; mesocone long, narrow, straight-sided, longer than tooth base. Lateral and marginal tooth fields indistinguishable. Latero-marginal teeth with endocones absent; ectocones approximately same length and breadth as mesocone, subdivided into three to five extra teeth.   
 Remarks. Caldwellia is found on Mauritius and Madagascar and contains 4–5 species (Schileyko 2002b). No anatomical details are known for the type species, C. philyrina (Morelet, 1851), but it shares with C. imperfecta and C. angularis the thin, keeled shell with very similar shape and sculpture (Schileyko 2002b). The group was placed in Helicarioninae (Helicarionidae) by Zilch (1959) and in Trochozonitini (Trochozonitinae, Ariophantidae) by Schileyko (2002b).
description: Published as part of Hyman, Isabel T. & Ponder, Winston F., 2010, A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462, pp. 1-148 in Zootaxa 2462 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2462.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5312710