cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
First Results from the Lyman Alpha Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization (LAGER) Survey: Cosmological Reionization at z ~ 7
Creators: name: Zheng, Zhen-Ya
name: Wang, Junxian
name: Rhoads, James
name: Infante, Leopoldo
name: Malhotra, Sangeeta
name: Hu, Weida
name: Walker, Alistair R.
name: Jiang, Linhua
name: Jiang, Chunyan
name: Hibon, Pascale
name: Gonzalez, Alicia
name: Kong, Xu
name: Zheng, Xianzhong
name: Galaz, Gaspar
name: Barrientos, L. Felipe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results from the ongoing LAGER project (Lyman Alpha Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization), which is the largest narrowband survey for $z \sim$ 7 galaxies to date. Using a specially built narrowband filter NB964 for the superb large-area Dark-Energy Camera (DECam) on the NOAO/CTIO 4m Blanco telescope, LAGER has collected 34 hours NB964 narrowband imaging data in the 3 deg$^2$ COSMOS field. We have identified 23 Lyman Alpha Emitter (LAE) candidates at $z$ = 6.9 in the central 2-deg$^2$ region, where DECam and public COSMOS multi-band images exist. The resulting luminosity function can be described as a Schechter function modified by a significant excess at the bright end (4 galaxies with $L_{Lyα} \sim $ 10$^{43.4\pm0.2}$ erg s$^{-1}$). The number density at $L_{Lyα}\sim$ 10$^{43.4\pm0.2}$ erg s$^{-1}$ is little changed from z= 6.6, while at fainter $L_{Lyα}$ it is substantially reduced. Overall, we see a fourfold reduction in Ly$α$ luminosity density from $z$ = 5.7 to 6.9. Combined with a more modest evolution of the continuum UV luminosity density, this suggests a factor of $\sim 3$ suppression of Ly$α$ by radiative transfer through the $z \sim$ 7 intergalactic medium (IGM). It indicates an IGM neutral fraction $x_{HI}$ $\sim$ 0.4--0.6 (assuming Ly$α$ velocity offsets of 100-200 km s$^{-1}$). The changing shape of the Ly$α$ luminosity function between $z\lesssim 6.6$ and $z=6.9$ supports the hypothesis of ionized bubbles in a patchy reionization at $z\sim$ 7.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures (updated), 2 tables (updated), Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Period Robustness and Entrainability of the Kai System to Changing Nucleotide Concentrations
Creators: name: Paijmans, Joris
name: Lubensky, David K
name: Wolde, Pieter Rein ten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Circadian clocks must be able to entrain to time-varying signals to keep their oscillations in phase with the day-night rhythm. On the other hand, they must also exhibit input compensation: their period must remain about one day in different constant environments. The post-translational oscillator of the Kai system can be entrained by transient or oscillatory changes in the ATP fraction, yet is insensitive to constant changes in this fraction. We study in three different models of this system how these two seemingly conflicting criteria are met: the Van Zon model (Van Zon et al., PNAS, 2007), the Rust model (Phong et al., PNAS, 2013), and our new model (Paijmans et al., arXiv:1612.02715). We find that the new model exhibits the best trade-off between input compensation and entrainability: on the footing of equal phase-response curves, it exhibits the strongest input compensation. Performing stochastic simulations at the level of individual hexamers allows us to identify a new mechanism, which is employed by the new model to achieve input compensation: At lower ATP fraction, the individual hexamers make a shorter cycle in the phosphorylation state space, which compensates for the slower pace at which they traverse the cycle.
description: 50 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Biophysical Journal
Exoplanet Biosignatures: Future Directions
Creators: name: Walker, Sara I.
name: Bains, William
name: Cronin, Leroy
name: DasSarma, Shiladitya
name: Danielache, Sebastian
name: Domagal-Goldman, Shawn
name: Kacar, Betul
name: Kiang, Nancy Y.
name: Lenardic, Adrian
name: Reinhard, Christopher T.
name: Moore, William
name: Schwieterman, Edward W.
name: Shkolnik, Evgenya L.
name: Smith, Harrison B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanet science promises a continued rapid accumulation of new observations in the near future, energizing a drive to understand and interpret the forthcoming wealth of data to identify signs of life beyond our Solar System. The large statistics of exoplanet samples, combined with the ambiguity of our understanding of universal properties of life and its signatures, necessitate a quantitative framework for biosignature assessment Here, we introduce a Bayesian framework for guiding future directions in life detection, which permits the possibility of generalizing our search strategy beyond biosignatures of known life. The Bayesian methodology provides a language to define quantitatively the conditional probabilities and confidence levels of future life detection and, importantly, may constrain the prior probability of life with or without positive detection. We describe empirical and theoretical work necessary to place constraints on the relevant likelihoods, including those emerging from stellar and planetary context, the contingencies of evolutionary history and the universalities of physics and chemistry. We discuss how the Bayesian framework can guide our search strategies, including determining observational wavelengths or deciding between targeted searches or larger, lower resolution surveys. Our goal is to provide a quantitative framework not entrained to specific definitions of life or its signatures, which integrates the diverse disciplinary perspectives necessary to confidently detect alien life.
description: 125 pages (double spaced), 12 figures; The paper is the fourth in a series of 5 review manuscripts of the NExSS Exoplanet Biosignatures Workshop. Community comment was solicited at this url: https://nexss.info/groups/ebwww
Defect healing and charge transfer mediated valley polarization in MoS$_2$/MoSe$_2$/MoS$_2$ trilayer van der Waals heterostructures
Creators: name: Surrente, Alessandro
name: Dumcenco, Dumitru
name: Yang, Zhuo
name: Kuc, Agnieszka
name: Jing, Yu
name: Heine, Thomas
name: Kung, Yen-Cheng
name: Maude, Duncan K.
name: Kis, Andras
name: Plochocka, Paulina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are plagued by a significantly lower optical quality compared to exfoliated TMDC. In this work we show that the optical quality of CVD-grown MoSe$_2$ is completely recovered if the material is sandwiched in MoS$_2$/MoSe$_2$/MoS$_2$ trilayer van der Waals heterostructures. We show by means of density-functional theory that this remarkable and unexpected result is due to defect healing: S atoms of the more reactive MoS$_2$ layers are donated to heal Se vacancy defects in the middle MoSe$_2$ layer. In addition, the trilayer structure exhibits a considerable charge-transfer mediated valley polarization of MoSe$_2$ without the need for resonant excitation. Our fabrication approach, relying solely on simple flake transfer technique, paves the way for the scalable production of large-area TMDC materials with excellent optical quality.
description: Just accepted for publication in Nano Letters (http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00904)
Charge transfer in ultracold gases via Feshbach resonances
Creators: name: Gacesa, Marko
name: Côté, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81V99

description: We investigate the prospects of controlling charge-exchange in ultracold collisions of heteroisotopic combinations of atoms and ions of the same element. The treatment, readily applicable to alkali or alkanine-earth metals, is illustrated in the process $^9$Be$^{+}$ + $^{10}$Be $\leftrightarrow$ $^{9}$Be + $^{10}$Be$^{+}$, which exhibits favorable electronic, nuclear, and hyperfine structure. Feshbach resonances are obtained from quantum scattering calculations in a standard coupled-channel formalism with non-BO terms originating from the nuclear kinetic operator. Near a narrow resonance predicted at 322 G, we find the charge-exchange rate coefficient to rise from practically zero to values larger than $10^{-12}$ cm$^3$/s. Our results suggest controllable charge-exchange reactions between different isotopes of suitable atom-ion pairs with potential applications to quantum systems engineered to study charge diffusion in trapped cold atom-ion mixtures and emulate many-body physics.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; updated to match the published version
Charged grain boundaries and carrier recombination in polycrystalline thin film solar cells
Creators: name: Gaury, Benoit
name: Haney, Paul M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analytical relations for the dark recombination current of a $pn^+$ junction with positively charged columnar grain boundaries in the high defect density regime. We consider two defect state configurations relevant for positively charged grain boundaries: a single donor state and a continuum of both acceptors and donors. Compared to a continuum of acceptor+donor states, or to the previously studied single acceptor+donor state, the grain boundary recombination of a single donor state is suppressed by orders of magnitude. We show numerically that superposition holds near the open-circuit voltage $V_{\rm oc}$, so that our dark $J(V)$ relations determine $V_{\rm oc}$ for a given short circuit current $J_{\rm sc}$. We finally explicitly show how $V_{\rm oc}$ depends on the grain boundary defect state configurations.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures. In this revised version, we rewrote Eq. (8), corrected language and typos, and took unequal values of mobilities for electrons and holes. This latter change led to making all figures again. The title also changed
About intrinsic transversality of pairs of sets
Creators: name: Kruger, Alexander Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The article continues the study of the 'regular' arrangement of a collection of sets near a point in their intersection. Such regular intersection or, in other words, transversality properties are crucial for the validity of qualification conditions in optimisation as well as subdifferential, normal cone and coderivative calculus, and convergence analysis of computational algorithms. One of the main motivations for the development of the transversality theory of collections of sets comes from the convergence analysis of alternating projections for solving feasibility problems. This article targets infinite dimensional extensions of the intrinsic transversality property introduced recently by Drusvyatskiy, Ioffe and Lewis as a sufficient condition for local linear convergence of alternating projections. Several characterisations of this property are established involving new limiting objects defined for pairs of sets. Special attention is given to the convex case.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1611.04787
title: How does deep granite weather? Fractures matter but fracture size counts
Creators: name: Stroncik, Nicole Alexandra
name: Pierdominici, Simona
name: Kummerow, Juliane
name: Krone, Laura
name: von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
How the weathering zone propagates into un-weathered rock at depth is subject of increasing research. Some models suggest that the depth of the ground water table controls weathering zone thickness. Others predict that regolith thickness is pre-conditioned by fracture density. Still others invoke weathering-induced fracturing by iron oxidation.

To explore the influence of climate versus tectonic processes on weathering intensity and regolith thickness we drilled 5 cores in granitic bedrock along a climatic gradient within the EarthShape project (from N to S dry dessert, semi-arid, Mediterranean, humid) along the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. We combined borehole logging with geochemical and geophysical analyses of core and soil samples to evaluate the controls on weathering. Based on this geochemical data set we are able to show that the studied weathering profiles consist of three main weathering parts characterized by distinct geochemical gradients. The first part comprises the soil layer and is characterized by high weathering intensities, the second part comprises the saprolite down to the bedrock and includes the weathering front, the third part is found below the weathering front and is associated with fractures. Thus multiple weathering zones developed at major fractures. We found that the depth of the weathering front is mainly controlled by the characteristics of the fracture network: fracture aperture and dip, whereas weathering intensity is controlled by a combination of fracture network and the influence of vegetation through soil CO2 and organic acids. Generally, our data show that for a given fracture density fracture apertures control regolith thickness.
Periodic balanced binary triangles
Creators: name: Chappelon, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A binary triangle of size $n$ is a triangle of zeroes and ones, with $n$ rows, built with the same local rule as the standard Pascal triangle modulo $2$. A binary triangle is said to be balanced if the absolute difference between the numbers of zeroes and ones that constitute this triangle is at most $1$. In this paper, the existence of balanced binary triangles of size $n$, for all positive integers $n$, is shown. This is achieved by considering periodic balanced binary triangles, that are balanced binary triangles where each row, column or diagonal is a periodic sequence.
Durably reducing conspiracy beliefs through dialogues with AI
Creators: name: Costello, Thomas
name: Pennycook, Gordon
name: Rand, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: AI
Conspiracy
Persuasion
Belief change
Human-AI interaction

description: Conspiracy theory beliefs are notoriously persistent. Influential theories propose they fulfill important psychological needs, thus resisting counterevidence. Yet previous failures in correcting conspiracy beliefs may be due to counterevidence being insufficiently compelling and tailored. To evaluate this possibility, we leverage developments in generative artificial intelligence and engaged 2,190 conspiracy believers in personalized evidence-based dialogues with GPT-4 Turbo. The intervention reduced conspiracy belief by ~20%. The effect remained 2 months later, generalized across a wide range of conspiracy theories, and occurred even among participants with deeply entrenched beliefs. Although the dialogues focused on a single conspiracy, they nonetheless diminished belief in unrelated conspiracies and shifted conspiracy-related behavioral intentions. These findings suggest that many conspiracy theory believers can revise their views if presented with sufficiently compelling evidence.
description: Funding provided by: John Templeton FoundationAward Number: 61779
Funding provided by: MIT Generative AI InitiativeAward Number:
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS AN IMPORTANT DIRECTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEN ECONOMY.
Creators: name: Ahmedov, Azimjon
name: Xabibov, Shamshod
name: Mirzayev, Shohijahon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The global environmental impact of AI is still largely unknown. This study uses a balanced panel data set to examine the complex role of AI in increasing global green productivity between 2010 and 2024[1]. Studies show that AI indirectly contributes to green productivity by increasing the use of renewable energy, attracting skilled workers, and reducing stock market activity. Additional analyses confirm that financial development generally enhances the positive impact of AI on green productivity. These results provide valuable insights into the interrelationship between AI and the green economy.
How to constrain mass and spin of supermassive black holes through their disk emission
Creators: name: Campitiello, S.
name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Sbarrato, T.
name: Calderone, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the global properties of the radiation emitted by the accretion disk around Kerr black holes. Using the Kerr blackbody (KERRBB) numerical model, we build an analytic approximation of the disk emission features focusing on the pattern of the produced radiation as a function of the black hole spin, mass, accretion rate and viewing angle. The assumption of having a geometrically thin disk limits our analysis to systems emitting below ~0.3 of the Eddington luminosity. We apply this analytical model to four blazars (whose jets are pointing at us) at high redshift that show clear signatures of disk emission. For them, we derive the black hole masses as a function of spin. If these jetted sources are powered by the black hole rotation, they must have high spin values, further constraining their masses.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publications in A&A
British Gallup Poll CQ 576
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Government approval (1); James Callaghan approval (1); Margaret Thatcher approval (1); Daniel Steel approval (1); last general election (2); urgent problems (2); party to handle problems (1); next general election (2); government price & income policy (7); oil exploration (2); Liberal party in politics (11); Rhodesian conflict (15); nationalization (5); bank nationalization (22); bank approval & use (49); morning newspaper (20); vinyl wall coverings (34); appliances owned (1); pressure cooker (4); have children (109).
Dynamics, nucleosynthesis, and kilonova signature of black hole - neutron star merger ejecta
Creators: name: Fernández, Rodrigo
name: Foucart, Francois
name: Kasen, Daniel
name: Lippuner, Jonas
name: Desai, Dhruv
name: Roberts, Luke F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the ejecta from black hole - neutron star mergers by modeling the formation and interaction of mass ejected in a tidal tail and a disk wind. The outflows are neutron-rich, giving rise to optical/infrared emission powered by the radioactive decay of $r$-process elements (a kilonova). Here we perform an end-to-end study of this phenomenon, where we start from the output of a fully-relativistic merger simulation, calculate the post-merger hydrodynamical evolution of the ejecta and disk winds including neutrino physics, determine the final nucleosynthetic yields using post-processing nuclear reaction network calculations, and compute the kilonova emission with a radiative transfer code. We study the effects of the tail-to-disk mass ratio by scaling the tail density. A larger initial tail mass results in fallback matter becoming mixed into the disk and ejected in the subsequent disk wind. Relative to the case of a disk without dynamical ejecta, the combined outflow has lower mean electron fraction, faster speed, larger total mass, and larger absolute mass free of high-opacity Lanthanides or Actinides. In most cases, the nucleosynthetic yield is dominated by the heavy $r$-process contribution from the unbound part of the tidal tail. A Solar-like abundance distribution can however be obtained when the total mass of the dynamical ejecta is comparable to the mass of the disk outflows. The kilonova has a characteristic duration of 1 week and a luminosity of ~$10^{41}$ erg/s, with orientation effects leading to variations of a factor ~2 in brightness. At early times (< 1 day) the emission includes an optical component from the (hot) Lanthanide-rich material, but the spectrum evolves quickly to the infrared thereafter.
description: Accepted by Classical & Quantum Gravity, special issue on multi-messenger signals from NS mergers. New figure (number4), minor changes otherwise
Approximate broadcasting of quantum correlations
Creators: name: Xie, Wei
name: Fang, Kun
name: Wang, Xin
name: Duan, Runyao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Broadcasting quantum and classical information is a basic task in quantum information processing, and is also a useful model in the study of quantum correlations including quantum discord. We establish a full operational characterization of two-sided quantum discord in terms of bilocal broadcasting of quantum correlations. Moreover, we show that both the optimal fidelity of unilocal broadcasting of the correlations in an arbitrary bipartite quantum state and that of broadcasting an arbitrary set of quantum states can be formulized as semidefinite programs (SDPs), which are efficiently computable. We also analyze some properties of these SDPs and evaluate the broadcasting fidelities for some cases of interest.
description: 9 pages, comments are welcome; published version
Higher-order interactions in quantum optomechanics: Analytical solution of nonlinearity
Creators: name: Khorasani, Sina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method is described to solve the nonlinear Langevin equations arising from quadratic interactions in quantum mechanics. While, the zeroth order linearization approximation to the operators is normally used, here first and second order truncation perturbation schemes are proposed. These schemes employ higher-order system operators, and then approximate number operators with their corresponding mean boson numbers, only where needed. Spectral densities of higher-order operators are derived, and an expression for the second-order correlation function at zero time-delay has been found, which reveals that the cavity photon occupation of an ideal laser at threshold reaches $\sqrt{6}-2$, in good agreement with extensive numerical calculations. As further applications, analysis of the quantum anharmonic oscillator, calculation of $Q-$functions, analysis of quantum limited amplifiers, and nondemoliton measurements.
Interference of two co-directional exclusion processes in the presence of a static bottleneck: a biologically motivated model
Creators: name: Mishra, Bhavya
name: Chowdhury, Debashish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We develope a two-species exclusion process with a distinct pair of entry and exit sites for each species of rigid rods. The relatively slower forward stepping of the rods in an extended bottleneck region, located in between the two entry sites, controls the extent of interference of the co-directional flow of the two species of rods. The relative positions of the sites of entry of the two species of rods with respect to the location of the bottleneck are motivated by a biological phenomenon. However, the primary focus of the study here is to explore the effects of the interference of the flow of the two species of rods on their spatio-temporal organization and the regulations of this interference by the extended bottleneck. By a combination of mean-field theory and computer simulation we calculate the flux of both species of rods and their density profiles as well as the composite phase diagrams of the system. If the bottleneck is sufficiently stringent some of the phases become practically unrealizable although not ruled out on the basis of any fundamental physical principle. Moreover the extent of suppression of flow of the downstream entrants by the flow of the upstream entrants can also be regulated by the strength of the bottleneck. We speculate on the possible implications of the results in the context of the biological phenomenon that motivated the formulation of the theoretical model.
description: This is an author-created, un-copyedited final preprint version of an article published in Physical Review E (APS)
Multitarget search on complex networks: A logarithmic growth of global mean random cover time
Creators: name: Weng, Tongfeng
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Small, Michael
name: Yang, Ji
name: Bijarbooneh, Farshid Hassani
name: Hui, Pan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate multitarget search on complex networks and derive an exact expression for the mean random cover time that quantifies the expected time a walker needs to visit multiple targets. Based on this, we recover and extend some interesting results of multitarget search on networks. Specifically, we observe the logarithmic increase of the global mean random cover time with the target number for a broad range of random search processes, including generic random walks, biased random walks, and maximal entropy random walks. We show that the logarithmic growth pattern is a universal feature of multi-target search on networks by using the annealed network approach and the Sherman-Morrison formula. Moreover, we find that for biased random walks, the global mean random cover time can be minimized, and that the corresponding optimal parameter also minimizes the global mean first passage time, pointing towards its robustness. Our findings further confirm that the logarithmic growth pattern is a universal law governing multitarget search in confined media.
Pump-power-driven mode switching in a microcavity device and its relation to Bose-Einstein condensation
Creators: name: Leymann, H. A. M.
name: Vorberg, D.
name: Lettau, T.
name: Hopfmann, C.
name: Schneider, C.
name: Kamp, M.
name: Höfling, S.
name: Ketzmerick, R.
name: Wiersig, J.
name: Reitzenstein, S.
name: Eckardt, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the switching of the coherent emission mode of a bimodal microcavity device, occurring when the pump power is varied. We compare experimental data to theoretical results and identify the underlying mechanism to be based on the competition between the effective gain on the one hand and the intermode kinetics on the other. When the pumping is ramped up, above a threshold the mode with the largest effective gain starts to emit coherent light, corresponding to lasing. In contrast, in the limit of strong pumping it is the intermode kinetics that determines which mode acquires a large occupation and shows coherent emission. We point out that this latter mechanism is akin to the equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation of massive bosons. Thus, the mode switching in our microcavity device can be viewed as a minimal instance of Bose-Einstein condensation of photons. We, moreover, show that the switching from one cavity mode to the other occurs always via an intermediate phase where both modes are emitting coherent light and that it is associated with both superthermal intensity fluctuations and strong anticorrelations between both modes.
description: minor changes, typos corrected, acknowledgments supplemented, references added
Transfer of Phase Information between Optical and Microwave Fields via an Electron Spin
Creators: name: Lekavicius, Ignas
name: Golter, D. Andrew
name: Oo, Thein
name: Wang, Hailin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the coherent coupling and the resulting transfer of phase information between microwave and optical fields in a single nitrogen vacancy center in diamond. The relative phase of two microwave fields is encoded in a coherent superposition spin state. This phase information is then retrieved with a pair of optical fields. A related process is also used for the transfer of phase information from optical to microwave fields. These studies show the essential role of dark states, including optical pumping into the dark states, in the coherent microwave-optical coupling and open the door to the full quantum state transfer between microwave and optical fields in a solid-state spin ensemble.
Multiple imputation for multilevel data with continuous and binary variables
Creators: name: Audigier, Vincent
name: White, Ian R.
name: Jolani, Shahab
name: Debray, Thomas P. A.
name: Quartagno, Matteo
name: Carpenter, James
name: van Buuren, Stef
name: Resche-Rigon, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present and compare multiple imputation methods for multilevel continuous and binary data where variables are systematically and sporadically missing. The methods are compared from a theoretical point of view and through an extensive simulation study motivated by a real dataset comprising multiple studies. Simulations are reproducible. The comparisons show why these multiple imputation methods are the most appropriate to handle missing values in a multilevel setting and why their relative performances can vary according to the missing data pattern, the multilevel structure and the type of missing variables. This study shows that valid inferences can only be obtained if the dataset gathers a large number of clusters. In addition, it highlights that heteroscedastic MI methods provide more accurate inferences than homoscedastic methods, which should be reserved for data with few individuals per cluster. Finally, the method of Quartagno and Carpenter (2016a) appears generally accurate for binary variables, the method of Resche-Rigon and White (2016) with large clusters, and the approach of Jolani et al. (2015) with small clusters.
IR-safe and UV-safe integrands in the EFTofLSS with exact time dependence
Creators: name: Lewandowski, Matthew
name: Senatore, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because large-scale structure surveys may very well be the next leading sources of cosmological information, it is important to have a precise understanding of the cosmological observables; for this reason, the Effective Field Theory of Large-Scale Structure (EFTofLSS) was developed. So far, most results in the EFTofLSS have used the so-called Einstein-de Sitter approximation, an approximation of the time dependence which is known to be accurate to better than one percent. However, in order to reach even higher accuracy, the full time dependence must be used. The computation with exact time dependence is sensitive to both infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) effects in the loop integrands, and while these effects must cancel because of diffeomorphism invariance, they make numerical computation much less efficient. We provide a formulation of the one-loop, equal-time exact-time-dependence power spectrum of density perturbations which is manifestly free of these spurious IR and UV divergences at the level of the integrand. We extend our results to the total matter mode with clustering quintessence, show that IR and UV divergences cancel, and provide the associated IR- and UV-safe integrand. This also establishes that the consistency conditions are satisfied in this system. We then use our one-loop result to do an improved precision comparison of the two-loop dark-matter power spectrum with the Dark Sky N-body simulation.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures, code available at http://web.stanford.edu/~senatore/ ; version published in JCAP, minor corrections
Measurement of electroweak-induced production of W gamma with two jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of electroweak-induced production of W gamma and two jets is performed, where the W boson decays leptonically. The data used in the analysis correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns collected by the CMS experiment in sqrt(s) = 8 TeV proton-proton collisions produced at the LHC. Candidate events are selected with exactly one muon or electron, missing transverse momentum, one photon, and two jets with large rapidity separation. An excess over the hypothesis of the standard model without electroweak production of W gamma with two jets is observed with a significance of 2.7 standard deviations. The cross section measured in the fiducial region is 10.8 +/- 4.1 (stat) +/- 3.4 (syst) +/- 0.3 (lumi) fb, which is consistent with the standard model electroweak predictions. The total cross section for W gamma production in association with 2 jets in the same fiducial region is measured to be 23.2 +/- 4.3 (stat) +/- 1.7 (syst) +/- 0.6 (lumi) fb, which is consistent with the standard model prediction from the combination of electroweak- and quantum chromodynamics-induced processes. No deviations are observed from the standard model predictions and experimental limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings f[M, 0-7] / Lambda^4, f[T, 0-2] / Lambda^4, and f[T, 5-7] / Lambda^4 are set at 95% confidence level.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SMP-14-011
Higher-order clustering in networks
Creators: name: Yin, Hao
name: Benson, Austin R.
name: Leskovec, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental property of complex networks is the tendency for edges to cluster. The extent of the clustering is typically quantified by the clustering coefficient, which is the probability that a length-2 path is closed, i.e., induces a triangle in the network. However, higher-order cliques beyond triangles are crucial to understanding complex networks, and the clustering behavior with respect to such higher-order network structures is not well understood. Here we introduce higher-order clustering coefficients that measure the closure probability of higher-order network cliques and provide a more comprehensive view of how the edges of complex networks cluster. Our higher-order clustering coefficients are a natural generalization of the traditional clustering coefficient. We derive several properties about higher-order clustering coefficients and analyze them under common random graph models. Finally, we use higher-order clustering coefficients to gain new insights into the structure of real-world networks from several domains.
Oscillations excited by plasmoids formed during magnetic reconnection in vertical gravitationally stratified current-sheet
Creators: name: Jelínek, P.
name: Karlický, M.
name: Van Doorsselaere, T.
name: Bárta, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the FLASH code, which solves the full set of the two-dimensional (2-D) non-ideal (resistive) time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, we study processes during the magnetic reconnection in a vertical gravitationally stratified current sheet. We show that during these processes, which correspond to processes in solar flares, plasmoids are formed due to the tearing mode instability of the current sheet. These plasmoids move upwards or downwards along the vertical current sheet, and some of them merge into larger plasmoids. We study the density and temperature structure of these plasmoids and their time evolution in details. We found that during the merging of two plasmoids the resulting larger plasmoid starts to oscillate; in our model with a $\sim 25~\mathrm{s}$ period. On the other hand, the plasmoid moving downwards merges with the underlying flare arcade which also starts to oscillate during this process; in our model with a $\sim 35~\mathrm{s}$ period. It is shown that the merging process of plasmoid with the flare arcade is a complex process as presented by complex density and temperature structures of the oscillating arcade. Moreover, all these processes are associated with magnetoacoustic waves produced by the motion and merging of plasmoids.
Determining the physiological and genetic mechanisms of exophergenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Guasp, Ryan James
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Maintaining homeostasis is critical for all organisms. In this work, I describe a new cellular homeostasis pathway in C. elegans, called exophergenesis, which entails the extrusion of large, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, capable of expelling large volumes of cytoplasm including aggregated proteins and whole organelles. The contents of exophers are transferred to neighboring cells where they appear to be broken down in a process of trans-cellular degradation. Exophers are characterized by an ability to remain attached to cells that produced them, via a thin filament resembling a nanotube, that allows for transfer of material between soma and exopher compartments. Exophergenesis occurs in a distinct temporal pattern, and can be produced in response to myriad physiological, genetic and pharmacological stressors, which are detailed here. Several genetic pathways are required for the upregulation of exophergenesis in response to fasting stress. Two MAPK signaling cascades, EGF signaling from LIN-3 ligand and LET-23 receptor binding, and FGF signaling from EGL-17 ligand and EGl-15 receptor which converge on downstream MPK-1 and MEK-2 kinases are required. A nutrient sensing pathway requiring MTOR subunit mdt-15, transcription factors cbp-1 and sbp-1, and downstream target fatty acid synthase gene fasn-1 are also required for exophergenesis in response to fasting.Lastly, the influence of the C. elegans germline in the production of exophers is explored. Exophers begin occurring at the onset of reproductive adulthood, and several embryonic lethal genes including pod-1 and cbd-1 are able to completely abrogate exophergenesis in most cases. Genetic knockdown of eggshell genes perm-2 and perm-4 can enhance exopher production. Expression of cbd-1 is needed in the germline and expression of perm-2 and perm-4 is needed in the somatic gonad showing a complex, multi-tissue signaling cascade is at play, ultimately affecting the proteostasis decisions in the distal mechanosensory neurons. Exophergenesis is a sexually dimorphic process and the pattern of male C. elegans exopher production is characterized. The nature of the hermaphrodite germline signal, whether chemical or physical or a combination of both, is considered. Recent discoveries of exophers occurring in other C. elegans tissues and in mammals are reviewed. Further investigation into exophers in C. elegans is warranted due to the potential relevance of exophergenesis to human pathology.
New method to design stellarator coils without the winding surface
Creators: name: Zhu, Caoxiang
name: Hudson, Stuart R.
name: Song, Yuntao
name: Wan, Yuanxi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finding an easy-to-build coils set has been a critical issue for stellarator design for decades. Conventional approaches assume a toroidal "winding" surface. We'll investigate if the existence of winding surface unnecessarily constrains the optimization, and a new method to design coils for stellarators is presented. Each discrete coil is represented as an arbitrary, closed, one-dimensional curve embedded in three-dimensional space. A target function to be minimized that covers both physical requirements and engineering constraints is constructed. The derivatives of the target function are calculated analytically. A numerical code, named FOCUS, has been developed. Applications to a simple configuration, the W7-X, and LHD plasmas are presented.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Nuclear Fusion on May 24
Implications of galaxy buildup for putative IMF variations in massive galaxies
Creators: name: Blancato, Kirsten
name: Genel, Shy
name: Bryan, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observational evidence for initial mass function (IMF) variations in massive quiescent galaxies at $z = 0$ challenges the long-established paradigm of a universal IMF. While a few theoretical models relate the IMF to birth cloud conditions, the physical driver underlying these putative IMF variations is still largely unclear. Here we use post-processing analysis of the Illustris cosmological hydrodynamical simulation to investigate possible physical origins of IMF variability with galactic properties. We do so by tagging stellar particles in the simulation (each representing a stellar population of $\approx10^{6}~\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$) with individual IMFs that depend on various physical conditions, such as velocity dispersion, metallicity, or SFR, at the time and place the stars are formed. We then follow the assembly of these populations throughout cosmic time, and reconstruct the overall IMF of each $z=0$ galaxy from the many distinct IMFs it is comprised of. Our main result is that applying the observed relations between IMF and galactic properties to the conditions at the star-formation sites does not result in strong enough IMF variations between $z = 0$ galaxies. Steeper physical IMF relations are required for reproducing the observed IMF trends, and some stellar populations must form with more extreme IMFs than those observed. The origin of this result is the hierarchical nature of massive galaxy assembly, and it has implications for the reliability of the strong observed trends, for the ability of cosmological simulations to capture certain physical conditions in galaxies, and for theories of star-formation aiming to explain the physical origin of a variable IMF.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Key figures are 3, 6, and 7. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Trapping ultracold atoms at 100 nm from a chip surface in a 0.7-micrometer-period magnetic lattice
Creators: name: Wang, Yibo
name: Tran, Tien
name: Surendran, Prince
name: Herrera, Ivan
name: Balcytis, Armandas
name: Nissen, Dennis
name: Albrecht, Manfred
name: Sidorov, Andrei
name: Hannaford, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the trapping of ultracold 87Rb atoms in a 0.7 micron-period 2D triangular magnetic lattice on an atom chip. The magnetic lattice is created by a lithographically patterned magnetic Co/Pd multilayer film plus bias fields. Rubidium atoms in the F=1, mF=-1 low-field seeking state are trapped at estimated distances down to about 100 nm from the chip surface and with calculated mean trapping frequencies as high as 800 kHz. The measured lifetimes of the atoms trapped in the magnetic lattice are in the range 0.4 - 1.7 ms, depending on distance from the chip surface. Model calculations suggest the trap lifetimes are currently limited mainly by losses due to surface-induced thermal evaporation following loading of the atoms from the Z-wire trap into the very tight magnetic lattice traps, rather than by fundamental loss processes such as surface interactions, three-body recombination or spin flips due to Johnson magnetic noise. The trapping of atoms in a 0.7 micrometer-period magnetic lattice represents a significant step towards using magnetic lattices for quantum tunneling experiments and to simulate condensed matter and many-body phenomena in nontrivial lattice geometries.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
"$1k_F$" Singularities and Finite Density ABJM Theory at Strong Coupling
Creators: name: Henriksson, Oscar
name: Rosen, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study non-analytic behavior in the static charge susceptibility in finite density states of the ABJM theory using its holographic dual. Emphasis is placed on a particular state characterized by vanishing entropy density at zero temperature, and Fermi surface-like singularities in various fermionic correlation functions. The susceptibility exhibits branch points in the complex momentum plane, with a real part quantitatively very similar to the location of the Fermi surface singularities.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures; v2: Minor additions to overview and discussion, some references added, version to appear in JHEP