cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Learning health system in total knee arthroplasty: action!
Creators: name: Miozzari, Hermès Howard
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2022
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/617
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA)

description: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is widely used as a treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis (OA). Given the prevalence of OA, the aging population, an increased demand for quality-of-life years, and the access to medical care, the number of TKA worldwide has grown and is expected to grow further steadily. Despite many decades since the first (non-hinged) TKA in the late sixties, results shows a stagnating patients' satisfaction rate, ranging from 80 to 85%. Many factors do play a role, patients' related (age, sex, BMI, comorbidities, expectations …), implant related (prosthetic design, constraint, material, fixation …), technique related (alignment philosophy, surgical technique), perioperative patient management and, last but not least, indication for surgery (right indication at the right moment). Research in the field is paramount to enhance the results of knee arthroplasty. Nevertheless, knowledge should reach the different stakeholders, at last, and peerreviewed literature alone is not enough to disseminate health care transformations (1). Indeed, to change practices to better and more affordable care, we require a profound transformation in how health systems generate and apply knowledge (2), with a lag time for academic publications as short as possible to implement ongoing health care delivery. The concept of rapid-learning health care (3) is a growing in interest, because it provides a fast, real-time two-ways learning, where scientific sound evidence reaches practice and practice generates knowledge for evidence (1). The model is similar to the cycle Plan, Do, Check, Act popularized by Demings, and as any other project, requires a culture and a structure ready for a disruptive change to switch from a concept to action. In this regard, reviewing data from our prospective local hospital-based knee arthroplasty registry (Geneva Arthroplasty Registry) and from gait analysis studies performed at the Willy Taillard laboratory of kinesiology at the Geneva University Hospitals, led to different peer-reviewed publications which has been translated into clinical practice to help improve results after primary TKA. The translation goes beyond the surgeons' perspective (better implant positioning and alignment, better TKA stability, a sound implant choice) and implies patients' advising in the shared decision-making process for surgery (can and do we meet the expectations?), as well as better care before, during and after surgery. The ultimate goal: a higher satisfaction rate with a long-lasting, revision-free forgotten joint.
Development of herbal disinfectants formulation for mopping households and its antibacterial activity
Creators: name: Urja Pandya
name: Doshi, Ankit
name: Sahay, Nirmal S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: There are many household products like detergents, disinfectants, stain removers and cosmetics releasing chemicals that may be harmful to human health as well as cause hazardous effect on environment. Global world is now focusing on use of herbal products. They are eco-friendly and more suitable to household applications than chemicals. The present study focused on preparation of three plant-based formulations for household cleaning applications. Result showed antibacterial activity against most commonly available microbes viz. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This is the first report of Terminalia chebula for preparation of herbal cleaners.
Additional file 1: of Modulations in the offspring gut microbiome are refractory to postnatal synbiotic supplementation among juvenile primates
Creators: name: Pace, Ryan
name: Prince, Amanda
name: Ma, Jun
name: Belfort, Benjamin
name: Harvey, Alexia
name: Hu, Min
name: Baquero, Karalee
name: Blundell, Peter
name: Takahashi, Diana
name: Dean, Tyler
name: Kievit, Paul
name: Sullivan, Elinor
name: Friedman, Jacob
name: Grove, Kevin
name: Aagaard, Kjersti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S1. Loose stools and synbiotic supplementation was not associated with significant weight loss. Juveniles were supplemented with synbiotics after experiencing loose stools (n = 7). To determine if weight loss following symptoms and synbiotic supplementation occurred, we compared the weight of the synbiotic supplementation cohort with an untreated, healthy, age-matched cohort (n = 4) that was also matched for dietary exposures. Measurement of body weight was performed using the Ohaus ES series scale (Parsippany, NJ). There was no significant difference in the mean weight of synbiotic supplemented juveniles in comparison to untreated juveniles from prior, during, and post-supplementation. Error bars represent standard deviation. Test for significance was performed using Sidak’s multiple-comparisons test. (PDF 132 kb)
Advances and perspectives in prehospital airway management: a narrative review
Creators: name: Suppan, Laurent
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2022
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/617
Prehospital
Airway management
Intubation
Supraglottic airway devices
Paramedics
Emergency medical services
SMUR

description: Efficient airway management can be challenging in the austere and hostile prehospital environment. Securing the airway is however mandatory in case their patency or protection are acutely compromised. The objective of this narrative review is to present the most significant advances in prehospital airway management developed between 2016 and 2020. It is intended to supply all prehospital providers, regardless of their profession, with a critical appraisal of the scientific literature throughout this period. Using "prehospital airway management" as medical subject heading, 345 references were identified using PubMed®, and 79 articles were included and analysed. The results were categorized into four different sections: techniques and devices, confirmation and monitoring of correct device placement, avoidance of unnecessary endotracheal intubation, and teaching and learning. The outcomes, strengths, and shortcomings of these studies are described and the potential solutions which could be considered to avoid or address the limitations identified in the course of this review are discussed. Specific recommendations are made to help researchers to enhance the design of future prehospital studies.
The handle of literacy: evidence from preliterate children and illiterate adults on orientation discrimination of graspable and non-graspable objects
Creators: name: Fernandes, Tânia
name: Coelho, Bárbara
name: Lima, Fanny
name: São Luís Castro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Prior research reported an apparently developmental trajectory on mirror-image discrimination (Gregory, Landau, & McCloskey, 2011): reflections across the object principal axis (OPA) and across the external vertical axis (EVA) are hard to discriminate by children, but only OPA reflections are problematic for adults. In this study, we investigated how literacy acquisition and object visuomotor properties affect this trajectory. Six-year-old children (preliterate preschoolers vs. first graders: Experiment 1) and illiterate, ex-illiterate, and schooled literate adults (Experiment 2), searched for graspable (e.g. hammer) or non-graspable (e.g. sock) target-objects amongst orientation-contrast distractors. OPA and EVA errors were predominant in non-readers, but EVA errors dropped sharply in readers. Graspability enhanced OPA and EVA mirror-image discrimination, especially in non-readers. Thus, the reduction of EVA mirror-image errors is not driven by maturation, cognitive development, or schooling; the underlying mechanisms are mostly learning to read and to a smaller extent the operation of the dorsal stream.
An Exploratory Analysis: Cloud Computing Big Data Query at an Academic Spine Center
Creators: name: Anderson, Dustin
name: Callahan, Tiffany J
name: Hunter, Lawrence E
name: Meron, Adele
name: Akuthota, Venu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Background: Novel Research enabled cloud-based computing environments methods and data analytics equip researchers with the ability unprecedented opportunities to explore large data sets and obtain novel insights into disease patterns (e.g. ) and patient outcomes (e.g.). Furthermore, contemporary programming methods allow extensive data sets to be evaluated in a time-efficient manner. Machine learning, or algorithms that perform better when trained on large amounts of diverse data improve with experience, can be utilized to identify prognostic patterns or make predictions based on multiple types of patterns using a combination of data from different data sets. Ensemble learning is one such method that pools the output of several models in order to enhance predictive performance compared to a single model. Here we apply these methods to a cloud-based health database in order to demonstrate the value of these tools in the field of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. Design: An IRB-approved retrospective cohort study was initiated to evaluate outpatient data. Patients seen at an academic spine center between the ages of 18-99 were included in the study. Data was provided by Health Data Compass and stored/processed using Google Cloud Platform Tools. For this abstract, data was collected from a pool of 2,212,431 (2.2 million) patient charts. Results: Of 2,212,431 unique patient charts, 72,555 patients were eligible. A query was run on the full sample of patients for all diagnoses, procedures, medications, laboratory studies, and chart data. Our sample contained 40,047 female patients (55.2%) and 32,491 male patients (44.7%). Seventeen patients did not have gender data reported. The mean age at first encounter was 52.502 years old, with a standard deviation of 16.29. Conclusions: Cloud-based health data tools allow for evaluation of extensive data sets. Our study included a query of 2.2 million unique patient charts, with an emphasis on 72,555 who met specified criteria for further analysis. These samples are clinically meaningful and can be used for future cohort analyses. Limitations include the observational nature of the study and computational resources available. In summary, cloud computing has significant potential for analyzing big data, but must be harnessed within the limitations of the health data systems and computational capacity. Overall, cloud-based health data tools represent a promising avenue to efficiently explore big data sets in the field of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.
Memory functioning in children and adolescents with frontal and temporal lobe epilepsy
Creators: name: Oguzkaya, Emra
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Working memory (WM) refers to a temporary mental „workspace‟ that allows individuals to register and manipulate information to solve complex problems. The WM system acts in concert with, and has direct influence on, other memory systems, such as long-term memory (LTM), to facilitate learning and development. Many studies indicate that WM skills are vital for acquiring basic academic skills. To date, the literature investigating the memory impairments in children with focal epilepsy has been biased toward populations with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), with little consideration to frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). Given theories of WM (eg Baddeley, 1974) it would be reasonable to postulate greater deficits in FLE rather than TLE as frontal systems are more pertinent to WM than other brain regions. Similarly LTM would be expected to be more vulnerable in TLE, given the role of temporal lobe structures in memory, with both deficits influencing academic achievement. This study aimed to assess the memory functioning in well-characterised samples of children with TLE and FLE, by examining not only absolute levels of impairment, though also the relationships and factors which are important to efficient memory, learning, and academic achievement, using well-validated and standardised neuropsychological measures and parent ratings. Specifically, the study sample consisted of children aged six to sixteen years with well-controlled FLE (n=18) and TLE (n=21), recruited from Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Children's WM, verbal and visual LTM, and academic skills were assessed Results indicate that in many domains of memory processing children with well-controlled FLE and TLE do not differ, and seizure variables were not significantly associated with memory performance. With respect to each syndrome, children with FLE do not demonstrate wide-ranging working memory impairment, though these children demonstrated frontal lobe inefficiencies indicated by higher frequency of learning errors and impaired strategy utilisation on the CVLT-C. In contrast, children with TLE demonstrate working memory impairment, indicated by impaired performance relative to normative standards on all measures of the WMTB-C, and inconsistent strength of relationships between subcomponents of working memory. Clinical indication of a central executive deficit in this group may in actuality reflect a more primary impairment of storage capacity. Academic skills were largely at expectation relative to normative standards in both groups. The central executive remained the strongest predictor of LTM, spelling, reading, math, and sentence comprehension in both groups. Parent ratings of memory performance in children were not predicted by seizure variables or objective memory performance, highlighting the need for further work to understand the predictive factors for everyday memory.
Additional file 2: of Modulations in the offspring gut microbiome are refractory to postnatal synbiotic supplementation among juvenile primates
Creators: name: Pace, Ryan
name: Prince, Amanda
name: Ma, Jun
name: Belfort, Benjamin
name: Harvey, Alexia
name: Hu, Min
name: Baquero, Karalee
name: Blundell, Peter
name: Takahashi, Diana
name: Dean, Tyler
name: Kievit, Paul
name: Sullivan, Elinor
name: Friedman, Jacob
name: Grove, Kevin
name: Aagaard, Kjersti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Sample/count summary. Provided are sequencing read counts (minimum, median, max, and mean) alongside sex, age and number of samples for each animal. SDâ =â standard deviation. (PDF 24 kb)
Value of biologic markers in the field of allergic disease: what is the role of laboratory medicine in recent and future years?
Creators: name: Spoerl, David
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2022
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616

description: Mast cells were initially believed to have a nutritive function, but rapidly have been found to play key roles in the defense against helminths and in immediate type hypersensitivity reactions. Unfortunately, research on mast cells is limited by the fact that they cannot be found in the peripheral blood, so that basophils are sometimes used instead, mainly because they share with mast cells the high affinity IgE receptor. After a short overview on historical research results and well known concepts of IgE mediated hypersensitivity reactions, this thesis focusses on novel insights of mast cells disease. Particularly, the use of laboratory techniques to identify conditions such as immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, mastocytosis, mast cell activation syndromes, hereditary alpha tryptasemia and pseudo-allergic reactions will be discussed in order to introduce already published research results and ongoing projects.
Seeking security in an unstable world: media and the Iranian Australian diaspora
Creators: name: Budarick, John Nathaniel
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In this thesis I examine the role of media in the search for a sense of ontological security by the Iranian diaspora in Australia. The primary question the thesis investigates is: what is the role of media in feelings of security, home and belonging amongst Iranian born Australians? Diaspora and migration involve the disruption of reassuring elements of everyday life. In the process of migration from Iran to Australia, participants left behind what was known and understood. Social roles, structures, relationships and practices were fundamentally altered for better or worse. A new society, full of new norms and values, was, and continues to be, engaged with. This engagement requires constant work by participants in order to feel secure and at home. This thesis analyses the media’s role in this process. In depth, semi structured interviews have been conducted with nineteen people born in Iran but now living in Australia. The participants in the study represent a wide range of cultural, generational, educational and professional backgrounds. Several participants are also actively engaged in producing and disseminating Iranian media in Australia. This study contributes to an understanding of the role of media in the lives of migrants in two important ways. Firstly, participants’ use of non diasporic, as well as diasporic media is analysed. Secondly, through the concept of ontological security, and the employment of particular theories of modern social life, the thesis takes a sociological approach to the question of the role of media in diasporic lives. ii The results of the study show that participants are engaged in a diverse and active consumption of media in the search for feelings of security, home and belonging. A troubled relationship with Iranian state media, a less than enthusiastic view of Iranian diasporic media, and a ‘love-hate’ relationship with Australian media necessitates the active appropriation of a variety of products in the search for ontological security. Iranian Australians do not simply consume pre-packaged media from the homeland via satellite television. Nor do they extensively draw on Farsi language media from other nodes in the diaspora network. While this media is used, it is part of wider practices in which Australian and western media is also extensively drawn upon to facilitate feelings of security, home and belonging.
A better understanding of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Creators: name: Iudici, Michèle
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2022
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616
ANCA-associated vasculitis
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

description: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of necrotizing, small-vessel vasculitides, including three distinct entities - granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). AAVs are different for epidemiology, genetics, clinical presentation, and response to treatment. The French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) is a group of French investigators taking care of patients with vasculitis, grown up with the aim to improve our understanding of these diseases. Since its foundation, a large national database collecting information from more than 60 French expert centres has been set up. The first study presented is a critical appraisal of the randomized trials conducted on AAV. Here we stressed the need to achieve a better harmonization of eligibility and outcome criteria. We then show the results of three studies on GPA patients from the FVSG database. We have shown a progressive improvement of patient’s overall survival against an unchanged risk of flare in a long-term analysis of about 800 patients recruited over about 40 years. We have also contributed to better characterize GPA patients with peculiar phenotypes, e.g. those with an increased eosinophil count at diagnosis, and those with a disease confined to the respiratory tract (localised GPA). Mild to moderate hypereosinophilia was found in one of four GPA diagnosis, and identified patients with a disease phenotype approaching to that of EGPA, with more neurologic and cutaneous involvement. One of ten patients had a localised GPA at diagnosis, and about 25% of them developed a systemic disease. Compared to patients with a systemic disease, GPA patients with a localised disease displayed more disabling ENT manifestations. The knowledge on GPA has hugely improved during the last years, but additional efforts are needed to further improve our understanding on pathogenesis, classification and management of this rare disease.
Total Laboratory Automation in Clinical Bacteriology: A Technology to Improve Patient Care
Creators: name: Cherkaoui, Abdessalam
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2022
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616

description: At a time when diagnostic bacteriological testing has become more complex and its associated costs are steadily increasing, the expected benefits of TLA cannot just consist in a simple transposition of the traditional manual procedures used to process clinical specimens. In contrast, automation should drive a fundamental change in the laboratory workflow and challenge users to reconsider all the approaches currently used in the diagnostic work-up (from receiving samples to communicating the results to the prescribing physicians). This thesis fits several purposes: 1. to highlight key issues faced when shifting to Total Laboratory Automation (TLA) 2. to illustrate the selected implementation steps without discontinuing the routine diagnostic service 3. to discuss the impact of TLA on various aspects following implementation: a- project management and change management b- training and adherence of our Technical Support team (technologists and biologists) c- managing the quality of the operational processes d- adjusting the workflow for efficiency e- assessing the impact of TLA on turnaround-times f- providing an outlook of the challenges following the implementation of TLA and an overview of the upcoming studies 4. to illustrate the implementation of a fully automated solution for antimicrobial disk diffusion susceptibility testing, and the clinical validation study performed before the implementation of this approach in our routine 5. to discuss the upcoming validation project of the EUCAST rapid AST using TLA, and its impact on the early adjustments of antimicrobials by physicians
Procedural justice in victim-police interactions: A mixed methods study
Creators: name: Elliott, Irina
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: ABSTRACT Procedural justice emphasises the fairness of methods used to achieve outcomes. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, this study tested a relational model of authority (Tyler & Lind, 1992) in victim-police interactions and examined the impact of perceptions of procedural justice on victims’ wellbeing. In-depth interviews were conducted with 110 people (58 females and 52 males, with ages ranging from 18 to 86 years; M = 39.75, SD = 13.7) who had reported a crime (personal or property) to the police during the previous year. Quantitative findings supported the predictions that higher perceived procedural justice would be associated with higher perceived legitimacy (obligation to obey the law), outcome fairness, and satisfaction with the contact. Procedural justice was a stronger predictor of outcome fairness and satisfaction than the realisation of a desired outcome, and a stronger predictor of legitimacy than criminal history. Qualitative findings supported these results. Moreover, higher procedural justice but not a desired outcome predicted the likelihood that victims would feel empowered by the interaction and was associated with greater well-being. Validation of victimisation experiences by the police was vitally important to victims of crime as it was seen as an indication of their value in and a broader validation from the wider community. The results provide empirical support for a group value model of procedural justice (Lind & Tyler, 1988) in that fair treatment by the police is perceived by individuals as an indication of their value and status in society. The results suggest the primary impact of procedural justice over a desired outcome on victims’ sense of empowerment and well-being and perceived outcome fairness and satisfaction in victim-police interactions. It appears that procedural justice has the potential for helping to motivate individuals with criminal history to obey the law. Implications for evaluation of police performance and policy development are discussed.
Additional file 3: of Modulations in the offspring gut microbiome are refractory to postnatal synbiotic supplementation among juvenile primates
Creators: name: Pace, Ryan
name: Prince, Amanda
name: Ma, Jun
name: Belfort, Benjamin
name: Harvey, Alexia
name: Hu, Min
name: Baquero, Karalee
name: Blundell, Peter
name: Takahashi, Diana
name: Dean, Tyler
name: Kievit, Paul
name: Sullivan, Elinor
name: Friedman, Jacob
name: Grove, Kevin
name: Aagaard, Kjersti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S2. Primers used in probiotic species-specific PCR. Table of primers used for PCR identification of probiotic species and/or genus. (PDF 21 kb)
Additional file 4: of Modulations in the offspring gut microbiome are refractory to postnatal synbiotic supplementation among juvenile primates
Creators: name: Pace, Ryan
name: Prince, Amanda
name: Ma, Jun
name: Belfort, Benjamin
name: Harvey, Alexia
name: Hu, Min
name: Baquero, Karalee
name: Blundell, Peter
name: Takahashi, Diana
name: Dean, Tyler
name: Kievit, Paul
name: Sullivan, Elinor
name: Friedman, Jacob
name: Grove, Kevin
name: Aagaard, Kjersti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S3. Unweighted and weighted UniFrac PERMANOVA p-values of samples from untreated (15mo), pre-, mid-, and post-supplementation juveniles (1, 2, and 4Â months after the end of supplementation). (PDF 12 kb)
Pharmacological and structure-function analysis of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
Creators: name: Koole, Cassandra Renee
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is an important regulator of insulin biosynthesis and secretion, and is one of the key therapeutic targets in the management of type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Like most GPCRs, the GLP-1R is pleiotropically coupled, with physiologically relevant signaling pathways including cAMP formation, intracellular calcium (iCa2+) mobilization and phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (pERK1/2). GLP-1R activity is further complicated by the ability to be activated by multiple endogenous peptide agonists, and the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the receptor protein. Additionally, in the absence of complete crystal structures and limited knowledge of functionally relevant domains other than the N-terminus, this receptor system is in many respects unexplored. Consequently, the studies comprising this thesis are focused on illustrating distinct pharmacological concepts at the GLP-1R, while also addressing the role of a receptor core domain associated with biological activity. Specifically, the differential actions of allosteric modulators on endogenous peptide ligands (‘probe dependence’), the differential responses of receptor variants with respect to both orthosteric and allosteric ligands, and the capacity for both ligand- and pathway-specific effects (‘biased signaling’) are highlighted. While demonstrating the potential benefits of allosteric modulation, these studies significantly impact on the approaches and precautions that must be considered in the design, identification and development of allosteric modulators as therapeutics. In addition, these studies illustrate the importance of extracellular loop (ECL) 2 in the peptide-mediated activation transition of the GLP-1R. Collectively, this leads to enhanced understanding of the highly complex GLP-1R system, while also exemplifying the importance of extended pharmacological analysis of other GPCRs in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of receptor systems.
IL-6 trans-signalling modulates TLR4-dependent inflammatory responses via STAT1 and STAT3
Creators: name: Claire, Greenhill
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Innate immune responses triggered by the prototypical inflammatory stimulus LPS are mediated by TLR4 and involve the coordinated production of a multitude of inflammatory mediators, especially IL-6 which signals via the shared IL-6 cytokine family receptor subunit gp130. However, the exact role of IL-6, which can elicit either pro- or anti-inflammatory responses, in the pathogenesis of TLR4-driven inflammatory disorders, as well as the identity of signalling pathways activated by IL-6 in a pro-inflammatory state, remain unclear. To define the contribution of gp130 signalling events to TLR4-driven inflammatory responses, we combined genetic and therapeutic approaches based on a series of gp130F/F knock-in mutant mice displaying hyperactivated IL-6-dependent Jak/STAT signalling in an experimental model of LPS/TLR4-mediated septic shock. The gp130F/F mice were markedly hypersensitive to LPS which was associated with the specific upregulated production of IL-6, but not TNFa. In gp130F/F mice, either genetic ablation of IL-6, antibody-mediated inhibition of IL-6 receptor signalling, or therapeutic blockade of IL-6 trans-signalling completely protected mice from LPS hypersensitivity. Furthermore, genetic reduction of STAT1 in gp130F/F:Stat1-/- mice and STAT3 activity in gp130F/F:Stat3+/- mice ameliorated LPS hypersensitivity and lowered LPS-induced IL-6 production. Additional genetic approaches demonstrated that the TLR4/Mal (Myd88 dependent) pathway contributed to LPS hypersensitivity and increased IL-6 production in gp130F/F mice. Furthermore, macrophages were not the cell type responsible for the LPS hypersensitivity of gp130F/F mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that IL-6 trans-signalling via STAT1 and STAT3 is a critical modulator of LPS-driven pro-inflammatory responses through cross-talk regulation of the TLR4/Mal signalling pathway, and potentially implicate cross-talk between Jak/STAT and TLR pathways as a broader mechanism that regulates the severity of the host inflammatory response. Moreover, it was found that anti-inflammatory IL-10 signalling was intact in the gp130F/F mice.
Additional file 5: of Modulations in the offspring gut microbiome are refractory to postnatal synbiotic supplementation among juvenile primates
Creators: name: Pace, Ryan
name: Prince, Amanda
name: Ma, Jun
name: Belfort, Benjamin
name: Harvey, Alexia
name: Hu, Min
name: Baquero, Karalee
name: Blundell, Peter
name: Takahashi, Diana
name: Dean, Tyler
name: Kievit, Paul
name: Sullivan, Elinor
name: Friedman, Jacob
name: Grove, Kevin
name: Aagaard, Kjersti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S2. Bacterial taxa altered in association with synbiotic supplementation. LEfSe plot of bacterial taxa with differential abundance. Areas to the right and shaded orange indicate bacterial taxa with a higher abundance in animals from the pre-supplementation group, whereas areas to the left and shaded red indicate bacterial taxa with a higher abundance in animals from the untreated (15Â months) group. (PDF 342 kb)
Additional file 1: of Mapping human pluripotent stem cell differentiation pathways using high throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing
Creators: name: Han, Xiaoping
name: Chen, Haide
name: Huang, Daosheng
name: Chen, Huidong
name: Fei, Lijiang
name: Cheng, Chen
name: Huang, He
name: Yuan, Guo-Cheng
name: Guo, Guoji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Figure S1. Quality control of the dataset. Figure S2. Surface marker analysis and GO enrichment analysis of lineage progenitors. Figure S3. FeaturePlot of specific genes from neural and muscle sub-clusters. Figure S4. Differentiation trajectories and GO analysis of neural and muscle sub-clusters. Figure S5. GO analysis and expression dynamics of gene clusters I–VI. Figure S6. Network of potential cell–cell interactions in EBs. Figure S7. Signaling pathways involved in differentiation of various progenitor cells. Figure S8. The identification of Naïve-like H9. Figure S9. Surface marker analysis and GO analysis of Primed and Naïve-like H9. Figure S10. The identification and GO analysis of Primed and Naïve-like H1 (Additional file 11: Table S10, Additional file 12: Table S11, Additional file 13: Table S12, Additional file 14: Table S13, Additional file 15: Table S14). (DOCX 19207 kb)
Additional file 6: of Modulations in the offspring gut microbiome are refractory to postnatal synbiotic supplementation among juvenile primates
Creators: name: Pace, Ryan
name: Prince, Amanda
name: Ma, Jun
name: Belfort, Benjamin
name: Harvey, Alexia
name: Hu, Min
name: Baquero, Karalee
name: Blundell, Peter
name: Takahashi, Diana
name: Dean, Tyler
name: Kievit, Paul
name: Sullivan, Elinor
name: Friedman, Jacob
name: Grove, Kevin
name: Aagaard, Kjersti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S3. Taxonomic shifts associated with synbiotic supplementation. A. LEfSe plot of bacterial genera with an increased relative abundance during pre-supplementation. LEfSe did not detect an enrichment of bacterial taxa during mid-supplementation. B. Examination of the relative abundance of probiotic strains from pre-supplementation to 4-months post-supplementation revealed no significant changes. Statistical significance was tested using Dunnâ s multiple comparisons test. (PDF 406 kb)
Dissecting genetics of highly heterogeneous mendelian disorders: the example of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Creators: name: Blouin, Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/576.5
subject: Ciliopathy
subject: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
subject: Kartagener syndrome
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetic Heterogeneity
subject: Genes
subject: Mutations
subject: Dyneines
subject: Linkage Analysis
subject: High Throughput Sequencing

description: Mendelian diseases characterized by high genic heterogeneity, monogenic affections caused by mutations that could occurred in a large number of genes, are delicate to investigate at both research and diagnostic levels. Recessive transmission renders the investigations even more difficult in research practice. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), a relatively rare congenital hereditary disorder affecting about 1/20'000 individuals, is a striking example of such condition with extensive heterogeneous genetics. The biological anomalies of PCD can be summarized by absent or reduced motility of all the ciliated and flagellated structures. Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved cellular extensions playing a key role in the development and physiology of organisms. They are also critical in an increasing number of other human pathologies including developmental, renal, vision, auditory, respiratory and reproductive systems. In PCD the ciliary defect results mainly in recurrent infections of the upper respiratory airways causing sinusitis and bronchitis due to reduced mucociliary clearance. Often, the disease develops to bronchiectasis, which in extreme events requires an ablative surgery of part of lungs and/or lung transplant. In addition half of cases showing also a situs inversus are referred to as Kartagener syndrome (KS). Medical care of PCD involves only treatment of symptomatic aspects of the disease sofar. A limited fraction of the genetics causes estimated to 17-38 %, with "only" 12 known genes, have been elucidated to date, despite enormous efforts were made by analysis of familial allele segregation and sequencing of candidate genes. The recent development of methods allowing high-throughput analysis of sequence of large parts of genome even whole exome (next-generation sequencing) will likely bring a tremendous help in resolving most if not all disease causing genes in PCD and other such conditions.
A combinatorial spanning tree model for knot Floer homology
Creators: name: Baldwin, John A.
name: Levine, Adam Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27, 57R58

description: We iterate Manolescu's unoriented skein exact triangle in knot Floer homology with coefficients in the field of rational functions over $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$. The result is a spectral sequence which converges to a stabilized version of delta-graded knot Floer homology. The $(E_2,d_2)$ page of this spectral sequence is an algorithmically computable chain complex expressed in terms of spanning trees, and we show that there are no higher differentials. This gives the first combinatorial spanning tree model for knot Floer homology.
description: 58 pages, 18 figures. Published version, with updated references
Additional file 8: of Modulations in the offspring gut microbiome are refractory to postnatal synbiotic supplementation among juvenile primates
Creators: name: Pace, Ryan
name: Prince, Amanda
name: Ma, Jun
name: Belfort, Benjamin
name: Harvey, Alexia
name: Hu, Min
name: Baquero, Karalee
name: Blundell, Peter
name: Takahashi, Diana
name: Dean, Tyler
name: Kievit, Paul
name: Sullivan, Elinor
name: Friedman, Jacob
name: Grove, Kevin
name: Aagaard, Kjersti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S4. Majority of species-level bacterial DNA from probiotics is undetectable in the gut of supplemented juveniles. DNA was isolated from anal swabs and stool samples collected at pre-, mid-, post-supplementation. PCR was performed to detect probiotic bacterial DNA at the species level (Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, L. casei, and L. acidophilus). L. acidophilus was the only probiotic bacterial species that was detected at any time point assayed, and only detected in 2 animals (animal 31,267 and faint band in 31,093). A 16S universal PCR was performed to ensure the presence of bacteria within the samples, and species specific positive controls were run alongside blank negative controls (far right panel). nâ =â 7 subjects per time point. (PDF 19 kb)
Lipid induced macrophage inflammation: implications for obesity induced insulin resistance
Creators: name: Nicholls, Hayley Tenielle
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The fatty acid translocase (FAT) and scavenger receptor CD36 is important in the recognition and uptake of lipids as well as the initiation of immune responses to pathogens and altered self components. Accordingly, we hypothesised that it plays a role in saturated fatty acid-induced macrophage lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory activation. Inhibition of CD36 in RAW264.7 macrophages using the putative CD36 inhibitor sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (SSO) markedly reduced saturated fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in macrophages. Mice harbouring a CD36 specific deletion in haematopoietic derived cells fed a HFD for 20 weeks, displayed improved insulin signalling and reduced macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue compared with WT mice. However, this did not translate into protection against HFD-induced whole body insulin resistance. Contrary to our hypothesis and results gained using SSO, neither saturated fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation nor inflammation was reduced when comparing CD36KO with WT bone marrow-derived macrophages. While CD36 is not essential for saturated fatty acid induced macrophage lipid accumulation, we provide evidence that CD36 plays an important role in macrophage activation and migration to adipose tissue in obesity. The activation of Toll Like Receptors (TLR) by saturated fatty acids is recognised to play a key role in the induction of metabolic inflammation. It is supposed that saturated fatty acids act as extracellular ligands for TLR, however, this has not been clearly demonstrated. Primary bone marrow derived macrophages from mice which lack 2 critical TLR downstream adaptor molecules, MyD88 and TRIF, are protected from saturated fatty acid induced inflammation. Unexpectedly, we discovered that these double knockout macrophages are significantly protected from saturated fatty acid induced intracellular lipid accrual, which may result from an elevated oxidative capacity. Understanding how fatty acids regulate inflammatory signalling pathways will enable us to better prevent, manage and treat chronic metabolic diseases.
Testing for Changes in Kendall's Tau
Creators: name: Dehling, Herold
name: Vogel, Daniel
name: Wendler, Martin
name: Wied, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G10, 60F17, 62G35, 91B84

description: For a bivariate time series $((X_i,Y_i))_{i=1,...,n}$ we want to detect whether the correlation between $X_i$ and $Y_i$ stays constant for all $i = 1,...,n$. We propose a nonparametric change-point test statistic based on Kendall's tau and derive its asymptotic distribution under the null hypothesis of no change by means a new U-statistic invariance principle for dependent processes. The asymptotic distribution depends on the long run variance of Kendall's tau, for which we propose an estimator and show its consistency. Furthermore, assuming a single change-point, we show that the location of the change-point is consistently estimated. Kendall's tau possesses a high efficiency at the normal distribution, as compared to the normal maximum likelihood estimator, Pearson's moment correlation coefficient. Contrary to Pearson's correlation coefficient, it has excellent robustness properties and shows no loss in efficiency at heavy-tailed distributions. We assume the data $((X_i,Y_i))_{i=1,...,n}$ to be stationary and P-near epoch dependent on an absolutely regular process. The P-near epoch dependence condition constitutes a generalization of the usually considered $L_p$-near epoch dependence, $p \ge 1$, that does not require the existence of any moments. It is therefore very well suited for our objective to efficiently detect changes in correlation for arbitrarily heavy-tailed data.
Applications cliniques des nouvelles techniques d'imagerie par résonance magnétique aux pathologies des nerfs périphériques et à leur prise en charge chirurgicale
Creators: name: Vargas Gomez, Maria Isabel
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2011
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616.0757
Nerfs périphériques
IRM
DTI
Tenseur de diffusion
3D STIR
Tumeur
Trauma
Infection
Radiothérapie

description: L'imagerie a été pendant de nombreuses années incapable d'étudier les nerfs périphériques et le diagnostic de leurs pathologies reposaient sur la clinique et les examens électrophysiologies. Actuellement la résonance magnétique représente l'examen de choix pour ce type de pathologies. Dans ce travail les séquences conventionnelles (FSE-T2 , SE-T1) ainsi que de nouvelles séquences IRM (Short Time Inversion Recovery, Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolutions (3D STIR SPACE), tenseur de diffusion (DTI) , 3-D Fast Field Echo, Selective Suppress with principle selective excitation technique ( 3D FFE SS proset) vont être décrites ainsi que leurs applications cliniques au niveau des différentes pathologies des nerfs périphériques : tumorales, traumatiques, inflammatoires, infectieuses et post-radiques.
Additional file 9: of Modulations in the offspring gut microbiome are refractory to postnatal synbiotic supplementation among juvenile primates
Creators: name: Pace, Ryan
name: Prince, Amanda
name: Ma, Jun
name: Belfort, Benjamin
name: Harvey, Alexia
name: Hu, Min
name: Baquero, Karalee
name: Blundell, Peter
name: Takahashi, Diana
name: Dean, Tyler
name: Kievit, Paul
name: Sullivan, Elinor
name: Friedman, Jacob
name: Grove, Kevin
name: Aagaard, Kjersti
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S5. Lactobacillus genera are quantitatively increased in the gut of synbiotic-supplemented juveniles. DNA was isolated from anal swabs and stool samples collected at pre-, mid-, post-supplementation. PCR was performed to detect Lactobacillus at the genus level. (A) While bacterial DNA from probiotics was undetectable at the species level in the gut of supplemented juveniles, we were able to detect Lactobacillus in the gut at the genus level in both pre-, mid, and post supplemented juveniles. (B) Increases in Lactobacillus at the genus level was detectable by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). (C) The majority of supplemented juveniles (5/7) had a detectable increase in Lactobacillus at the genus level by qPCR, which resolved post-supplementation. nâ =â 7 subjects per time point. (PDF 5089 kb)