cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermal-orbital coupled tidal heating and habitability of Martian-sized extrasolar planets around M stars
Creators: name: Shoji, Daigo
name: Kurita, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: M type stars are good targets in the search for habitable extrasolar planets. Because of their low effective temperatures, the habitable zone of M stars is very close to the star itself. For planets close to their stars, tidal heating plays an important role in thermal and orbital evolutions, especially when the planet orbit has a relatively large eccentricity. Although tidal heating interacts with the thermal state and orbit of the planet, such coupled calculations for extrasolar planets around M star have not been conducted. We perform coupled calculations using simple structural and orbital models, and analyze the thermal state and habitability of a terrestrial planet. Considering this planet to be Martian sized, the tide heats up and partially melts the mantle, maintaining an equilibrium state if the mass of the star is less than 0.2 times the mass of the Sun and the initial eccentricity of the orbit is more than 0.2. The reduction of heat dissipation due to the melted mantle allows the planet to stay in the habitable zone for more than 10 Gyr even though the orbital distance is small. The surface heat flux at the equilibrium state is between that of Mars and Io. The thermal state of the planet mainly depends on the initial value of the eccentricity and the mass of the star.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ
On the Shrinkable U.S.C. Decomposition Spaces of Spheres
Creators: name: Gu, Shijie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be a u.s.c decomposition of $S^n$, $H_G$ denote the set of nondegenerate elements and $π$ be the projection of $S^n$ onto $S^n/G$. Suppose that each point in the decomposition space has arbitrarily small neighborhoods with ($n-1$)-sphere frontiers which miss $π(H_G)$, and such frontiers satisfies the Mismatch Property. Then this paper shows that this condition implies $S^n/G$ is homeomorphic to $S^n$ ($n\geq 4$). This answers a weakened form of a conjecture asked by Daverman [3, p. 61]. In the case $n=3$, the strong form of the conjecture has an affirmative answer from Woodruff [12].
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, Revised the proof of Lemma 2 and some typos. Readers can find a weaker form of the question discussed in the article by referring arXiv: 1309.5400. This paper will be presented in Special Session on Geometric Topology I, Southeastern Spring Sectional Meeting, Knoxville, Tennessee
Local Label Point Correction for Edge Detection of Overlapping Cervical Cells
Creators: name: Liu, Jiawei
name: Fan, Huijie
name: Wang, Qiang
name: Li, Wentao
name: Tang, Yandong
name: Wang, Danbo
name: Zhou, Mingyi
name: Chen, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate labeling is essential for supervised deep learning methods. However, it is almost impossible to accurately and manually annotate thousands of images, which results in many labeling errors for most datasets. We proposes a local label point correction (LLPC) method to improve annotation quality for edge detection and image segmentation tasks. Our algorithm contains three steps: gradient-guided point correction, point interpolation and local point smoothing. We correct the labels of object contours by moving the annotated points to the pixel gradient peaks. This can improve the edge localization accuracy, but it also causes unsmooth contours due to the interference of image noise. Therefore, we design a point smoothing method based on local linear fitting to smooth the corrected edge. To verify the effectiveness of our LLPC, we construct a largest overlapping cervical cell edge detection dataset (CCEDD) with higher precision label corrected by our label correction method. Our LLPC only needs to set three parameters, but yields 30-40$\%$ average precision improvement on multiple networks. The qualitative and quantitative experimental results show that our LLPC can improve the quality of manual labels and the accuracy of overlapping cell edge detection. We hope that our study will give a strong boost to the development of the label correction for edge detection and image segmentation. We will release the dataset and code at https://github.com/nachifur/LLPC.
description: Published on Frontiers in Neuroinformatics. Official paper: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2022.895290/full. Code and dataset: https://github.com/nachifur/LLPC
When is so much enough? On the presence of women in Italian universities and their participation in funded research projects and publications
Creators: name: Giammarco Quaglia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: In the last decade, several actions have been undertaken by different institutions to promote women’s careers in academia and increase female representation through gender equality programmes and action plans. The share of female students graduating from universities now exceeds that of male students, and the share of women pursuing an academic career is slowly increasing. Despite the larger influx of female students and junior academics, relevant statistics continue to indicate a so-called scissor effect between the genders that persists through different cohorts of men and women. Even in disciplines where women have been overrepresented among PhDs and at early career stages for many years. There is reason to believe that stereotypes about women in science persist and impede their career progress. Continuing indications of sexism and gender bias in academia suggest that the QB phenomenon may still be present today. This may lead to the provocative conclusion that recent measures intended to prevent biases against women may help perpetuate them. Specifically, involving senior female scientists in supervision and review procedures may harm rather than help the cause it is intended to serve, as there are chances that this eventually results in the provision of less rather than more encouragement and opportunities to young female scientists. This, in turn, may discourage women’s participation in research projects as well. Nonetheless, to better understand the Queen Bee syndrome, it would be useful to distinguish between disciplines and academic ranks. Women’s behaviour may be thus related to the scientific area where they operate and whether they climb the ladder. We aim to perform these further analyses in the near future. Similarly, venues for future research may be tackling the limitations of the data considering the inhomogeneous availability of data on the PRIN calls, the availability of publication gender data averaged over a 5-years time window and for a limited number of Italian universities in the Leiden Rankings.
On quantum superpositions of graphs, no-signalling and covariance
Creators: name: Arrighi, Pablo
name: Christodoulou, Marios
name: Durbec, Amélia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We provide a mathematically and conceptually robust notion of quantum superpositions of graphs. We argue that, crucially, quantum superpositions of graphs require node names for their correct alignment, which we demonstrate through a no-signalling argument. Nevertheless, node names are a fiducial construct, serving a similar purpose to the labelling of points through a choice of coordinates in continuous space. Graph renamings, aka isomorphisms, are understood as a change of coordinates on the graph and correspond to a natively discrete analogue of continuous diffeomorphisms. We postulate renaming invariance as a symmetry principle in discrete topology of similar weight to diffeomorphism invariance in the continuous. We explain how to impose renaming invariance at the level of quantum superpositions of graphs, in a way that still allows us to talk about an observable centred at a specific node.
Blockchain et sécurité - La blockchain et ses vulnérabilités, comment aller au-delà ?
Creators: name: Tucci, Sara
name: Jaballah, Wafa Ben
name: Chalvin, Nicolas
name: Keller, Sebastien
name: Faher, Mourad
name: Pianese, Fabio
Publisher: name: SEE
Year: 2018

Abstract
IOER Research Data Centre - Data & Services for Spatial Sustainability Transformations
Creators: name: Della Chiesa, Stefano
name: Voshage, Ramona
name: Sikder, Sujit Kumar
name: Krüger, Tobias
name: Schorcht, Martin
name: Meinel, Gotthard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Research Data Centre
Spatial Data Science
Sustainable Transformation

description: The emerging research data centre (RDC) at the Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development (IOER) constitutes an essential milestone towards promoting sustainable land transition and transformative urban and regional development. The IOER RDC leverages spatial data science and artificial intelligence to process and analyse diverse and complex data sources. It provides high-resolution indicator maps of land use, ecosystems, and settlement structures, as well as cross-scale and cross-disciplinary spatial analyses, modelling, and simulations. Moreover, the IOER RDC offers digital tools to support decision-making, policy planning, and sustainable transformations. Hence, the IOER RDC has the potential to foster a sustainable future by facilitating the transition towards sustainable land use and development in urban and regional areas. The IOER RDC's endeavours offer a path towards addressing pressing societal challenges, such as rapid urbanisation, environmental degradation, climate change, and social inequality.
The chirality-flow formalism for the standard model
Creators: name: Alnefjord, Joakim
name: Lifson, Andrew
name: Reuschle, Christian
name: Sjodahl, Malin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper we introduced the chirality-flow formalism, a method for simple and transparent calculations of Feynman diagrams based on the left- and right-chiral $\mathrm{sl}(2,\mathbb{C})$ nature of spacetime. While our previous work focused on massless QED and QCD at tree-level, we here extend the chirality-flow formalism to the full (tree-level) Standard Model, including massive particles and electroweak interactions -- for which the $W$-interaction simplifies elegantly due to its chiral nature. We illustrate how values of Feynman diagrams can be immediately written down with some representative examples.
description: 35 pages, published version with fixed missing factor of 1/\sqrt{2} in VVV vertex in table 4
Heavy quark collisional energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma including finite relaxation time
Creators: name: Elias, Mauro
name: Peralta-Ramos, J.
name: Calzetta, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we calculate the soft-collisional energy loss of heavy quarks traversing the viscous quark-gluon plasma including the effects of a finite relaxation time $τ_π$ on the energy loss. We find that the collisional energy loss depends appreciably on $τ_π$ . In particular, for typical values of the viscosity-to-entropy ratio, we show that the energy loss obtained using $τ_π$ = 0 can be $\sim$ 10$\%$ larger than the one obtained using $τ_π$ = 0. Moreover, we find that the energy loss obtained using the kinetic theory expression for $τ_π$ is much larger that the one obtained with the $τ_π$ derived from the Anti de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory correspondence. Our results may be relevant in the modeling of heavy quark evolution through the quark-gluon plasma.
description: v2: 5 pages, 4 figures, added references. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Coupled quintessence with double exponential potentials
Creators: name: Tzanni, Koralia
name: Miritzis, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) models with a perfect fluid matter source and a scalar field non minimally coupled to matter having a double exponential potential. It is shown that the scalar field almost always diverges to infinity. Under conditions on the parameter space, we show that the model is able to give an acceptable cosmological history of our universe, that is, a transient matter era followed by an accelerating future attractor. It is found that only a very weak coupling can lead to viable cosmology. We study in the Einstein frame, the cosmological viability of the asymptotic form of a class of f(R) theories predicting acceleration. The role of the coupling constant is briefly discussed.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, minor changes, version to appear in PRD
Concerning three classes of non-Diophantine arithmetics
Creators: name: Caprio, Michele
name: Aveni, Andrea
name: Mukherjee, Sayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 03H15, Secondary: 03C62

description: We present three classes of abstract prearithmetics, $\{\mathbf{A}_M\}_{M \geq 1}$, $\{\mathbf{A}_{-M,M}\}_{M \geq 1}$, and $\{\mathbf{B}_M\}_{M > 0}$. The first one is weakly projective with respect to the nonnegative real Diophantine arithmetic $\mathbf{R_+}=(\mathbb{R}_+,+,\times,\leq_{\mathbb{R}_+})$, the second one is weakly projective with respect to the real Diophantine arithmetic $\mathbf{R}=(\mathbb{R},+,\times,\leq_{\mathbb{R}})$, while the third one is projective with respect to the extended real Diophantine arithmetic $\overline{\mathbf{R}}=(\overline{\mathbb{R}},+,\times,\leq_{\overline{\mathbb{R}}})$. In addition, we have that every $\mathbf{A}_M$ and every $\mathbf{B}_M$ are a complete totally ordered semiring, while every $\mathbf{A}_{-M,M}$ is not. We show that the projection of any series of elements of $\mathbb{R}_+$ converges in $\mathbf{A}_M$, for any $M \geq 1$, and that the projection of any non-oscillating series series of elements of $\mathbb{R}$ converges in $\mathbf{A}_{-M,M}$, for any $M \geq 1$, and in $\mathbf{B}_M$, for all $M > 0$. We also prove that working in $\mathbf{A}_M$ and in $\mathbf{A}_{-M,M}$, for any $M \geq 1$, and in $\mathbf{B}_M$, for all $M>0$, allows to overcome a version of the paradox of the heap.
Hopf-Galois Structures Arising From Groups with Unique Subgroup of Order p
Creators: name: Kohl, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20B35, 20D20, 20D45, 16T05

description: For $Γ$ a group of order $mp$ for $p$ prime where $gcd(p,m)=1$, we consider those regular subgroups $N\leq Perm(Γ)$ normalized by $λ(Γ)$, the left regular representation of $Γ$. These subgroups are in one-to-one correspondence with the Hopf-Galois structures on separable field extensions $L/K$ with $Γ=Gal(L/K)$. This is a follow up to the author's earlier work where, by assuming $p>m$, one has that all such $N$ lie within the normalizer of the $p$-Sylow subgroup of $λ(Γ)$. Here we show that one only need assume that all groups of a given order $mp$ have a unique $p$-Sylow subgroup, and that $p$ not be a divisor of the automorphism groups of any group of order $m$. As such, we extend the applicability of the program for computing these regular subgroups $N$ and concordantly the corresponding Hopf-Galois structures on separable extensions of degree $mp$.
Learning Unsupervised Cross-domain Image-to-Image Translation Using a Shared Discriminator
Creators: name: Kumar, Rajiv
name: Dabral, Rishabh
name: Sivakumar, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unsupervised image-to-image translation is used to transform images from a source domain to generate images in a target domain without using source-target image pairs. Promising results have been obtained for this problem in an adversarial setting using two independent GANs and attention mechanisms. We propose a new method that uses a single shared discriminator between the two GANs, which improves the overall efficacy. We assess the qualitative and quantitative results on image transfiguration, a cross-domain translation task, in a setting where the target domain shares similar semantics to the source domain. Our results indicate that even without adding attention mechanisms, our method performs at par with attention-based methods and generates images of comparable quality.
Quantum spectral curve for the Gromov-Witten theory of the complex projective line
Creators: name: Dunin-Barkowski, Petr
name: Mulase, Motohico
name: Norbury, Paul
name: Popolitov, Alexandr
name: Shadrin, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N35, 05A17, 81T45

description: We construct the quantum curve for the Gromov-Witten theory of the complex projective line.
description: 33 pages
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Matematika di Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Creators: name: Ramzil Huda Zarista (RHZ)
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics

description: Efektivitas Pembelajaran Matematika di Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Combined large-N_c and heavy-quark operator analysis for the chiral Lagrangian with charmed baryons
Creators: name: Lutz, M. F. M.
name: Samart, D.
name: Yan, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral $SU(3)$ Lagrangian with charmed baryons of spin $J^P=1/2^+$ and $J^P=3/2^+$ is analyzed. We consider all counter terms that are relevant at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) in a chiral extrapolation of the charmed baryon masses. At N$^2$LO we find 16 low-energy parameters. There are 3 mass parameters for the anti-triplet and the two sextet baryons, 6 parameters describing the meson-baryon vertices and 7 symmetry breaking parameters. The heavy-quark spin symmetry predicts four sum rules for the meson-baryon vertices and degenerate masses for the two baryon sextet fields. Here a large-$N_c$ operator analysis at NLO suggests the relevance of one further spin-symmetry breaking parameter. Going from N$^2$LO to N$^3$LO adds 17 chiral symmetry breaking parameters and 24 symmetry preserving parameters. For the leading symmetry conserving two-body counter terms involving two baryon fields and two Goldstone boson fields we find 36 terms. While the heavy-quark spin symmetry leads to $36-16=20$ sum rules, an expansion in $1/N_c$ at next-to-leading order (NLO) generates $36-7= 29$ parameter relations. A combined expansion leaves 3 unknown parameters only. For the symmetry breaking counter terms we find 17 terms, for which there are $17-9=8$ sum rules from the heavy-quark spin symmetry and $17-5=12 $ sum rules from a $1/N_c$ expansion at NLO.
description: 34 pages - one table - corrections applied
Measurement of rare leptonic and semi-baryonic B meson decays with the LHCb experiment
Creators: name: Becker, Maik
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Teilchenphysik
subject: LHCb-Experiment
subject: CERN
subject: Flavour-Physik
subject: Seltene Zerfälle
subject: 530
subject: Elementarteilchenphysik
subject: LHCb
subject: CERN

description: This thesis presents two measurements probing the Standard Model of particle physics with data recorded by the LHCb experiment in Run 1 and Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. The first measurement is a precise branching fraction determination of the purely leptonic Bs→μ⁺μ⁻ and Bd→μ⁺μ⁻ decays. The Bs→μ⁺μ⁻ branching fraction is determined with a relative uncertainty of 15%, making it the most precise single-experiment result available at publication time. The Bd→μ⁺μ⁻ decay is not observed. An upper limit on its branching fraction is calculated to be of O(1e-10) at a confidence level of 95%. These published results strongly constrain theoretical models of new physics effects in the flavour sector. The second analysis is the first search for the semi-baryonic Bs→ppμ⁺μ⁻ and Bd→ppμ⁺μ⁻ decays. It is the first time that decays of Bs mesons via flavour-changing neutral b→sl+l- transitions into a final state with baryons are studied. The current state of the measurement and preliminary results are presented. Expected upper limits on the branching fractions are determined to be of O(1e-9) at a confidence level of 95%.
description: In dieser Arbeit werden zwei Messungen vorgestellt, die das Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik prüfen. Dazu werden Daten verwendet, die vom LHCb Experiment in Run 1 und Run 2 des Large Hadron Collider aufgezeichnet wurden. Die erste Messung ist eine präzise Bestimmung der Verzweigungsverhältnisse der rein leptonischen Bs→μ⁺μ⁻ und Bd→μ⁺μ⁻ Zerfälle. Das Bs→μ⁺μ⁻ Verzweigungsverhältnis wird mit einer relativen Unsicherheit von 15% bestimmt und ist zum Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung das präziseste Ergebnis eines einzelnen Experiments. Der Bd→μ⁺μ⁻ Zerfall wird nicht beobachtet. Die obere Ausschlussgrenze für das Verzweigungsverhältnis des Zerfalls liegt in der Größenordnung von O(1e-10) bei einem Konfidenzlevel von 95%. Diese veröffentlichten Ergebnisse schränken die theoretischen Modelle der Effekte neuer Physik im Flavour-Sektor stark ein. Die zweite Analyse ist eine Suche nach den semi-baryonischen Bs→ppμ⁺μ⁻ und Bd→ppμ⁺μ⁻ Zerfällen. Es ist das erste Mal, dass Zerfälle von Bs Mesonen über flavour-verändernde neutrale b→sl+l- Übergänge in einen Endzustand mit Baryonen untersucht werden. Der aktuelle Stand der Messung und vorläufige Ergebnisse werden vorgestellt. Die erwarteten oberen Ausschlussgrenzen für die Verzweigungsverhältnisse liegen in der Größenordnung von O(1e-9) bei einem Konfidenzlevel von 95%.
Comparison of semi-supervised deep learning algorithms for audio classification
Creators: name: Cances, Léo
name: Labbé, Etienne
name: Pellegrini, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this article, we adapted five recent SSL methods to the task of audio classification. The first two methods, namely Deep Co-Training (DCT) and Mean Teacher (MT), involve two collaborative neural networks. The three other algorithms, called MixMatch (MM), ReMixMatch (RMM), and FixMatch (FM), are single-model methods that rely primarily on data augmentation strategies. Using the Wide-ResNet-28-2 architecture in all our experiments, 10% of labeled data and the remaining 90% as unlabeled data for training, we first compare the error rates of the five methods on three standard benchmark audio datasets: Environmental Sound Classification (ESC-10), UrbanSound8K (UBS8K), and Google Speech Commands (GSC). In all but one cases, MM, RMM, and FM outperformed MT and DCT significantly, MM and RMM being the best methods in most experiments. On UBS8K and GSC, MM achieved 18.02% and 3.25% error rate (ER), respectively, outperforming models trained with 100% of the available labeled data, which reached 23.29% and 4.94%, respectively. RMM achieved the best results on ESC-10 (12.00% ER), followed by FM which reached 13.33%. Second, we explored adding the mixup augmentation, used in MM and RMM, to DCT, MT, and FM. In almost all cases, mixup brought consistent gains. For instance, on GSC, FM reached 4.44% and 3.31% ER without and with mixup. Our PyTorch code will be made available upon paper acceptance at https:// github. com/ Labbe ti/ SSLH.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables. This is the version 3 of the paper. Contains minor fixes compared to the EURASIP one (which is the version 2 of the paper)
Fit-free determination of scale invariant equations of state: application to the 2D Bose gas across the Berezinksii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition
Creators: name: Desbuquois, Rémi
name: Yefsah, Tarik
name: Chomaz, Lauriane
name: Weitenberg, Christof
name: Corman, Laura
name: Nascimbène, Sylvain
name: Dalibard, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general "fit-free" method for measuring the equation of state (EoS) of a scale-invariant gas. This method, which is inspired from the procedure introduced by Ku et al. [Science 335, 563 (2012)] for the unitary three-dimensional Fermi gas, provides a general formalism which can be readily applied to any quantum gas in a known trapping potential, in the frame of the local density approximation. We implement this method on a weakly-interacting two-dimensional Bose gas in the vicinity of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, and determine its EoS with unprecedented accuracy in the critical region. Our measurements provide an important experimental benchmark for classical field approaches which are believed to accurately describe quantum systems in the weakly interacting but non-perturbative regime.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Entropy and its discontents: A note on definitions
Creators: name: Petroni, Nicola Cufaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 94A17, 54C70

description: The routine definitions of both entropy, and differential entropy show inconsistencies that make them not reciprocally coherent. We propose a few possible modifications of these quantities so that 1) they no longer show incongruities, 2) they go one into the other in a suitable limit as the result of a renormalization. The properties of the new quantities would slightly differ from that of the usual entropies in a few other respects
description: 18 pages, 7 figures; minor modifications required by referees; 1 reference and Acknowledgements added
Plato, Herodotus and the Question of Historical Truth
Creators: name: Jordan, Delila
Publisher: name: Syllogos - Herodotus Journal
Year: 2023

description: The present article aims to shed light on an intertextual relationship between Herodotus 2.142–144 and Plato Timaeus 21b–26c. The frame story of the Atlantis tale shows striking similarities to Herodotus’ anecdote about Hecataeus of Miletus’ meeting with Egyptian priests. It will be argued that Plato used Herodotus’ anecdote in order to make a philosophical point about historical truth in the Histories. By using freely invented source references, Plato parodies Herodotus’ handling of sources. First, the article offers a short summary of the two passages. Secondly, the similarities of the texts are explained, and evidence that Plato created the resemblances on purpose is provided. Thirdly, the article shows that Plato uses different strategies of authentication ironically and reverses Herodotus’ message concerning the oldest civilisation in order to criticize the historiographer’s use of sources in a humorous way.
description: Syllogos - Herodotus Journal, Vol. 2 (2023)
Reflectionless design of optical elements using impedance-tunable coordinate transformation
Creators: name: Cao, Jun
name: Zhang, Lifa
name: Yan, Senlin
name: Sun, Xiaohan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a new strategy to remove the reflections resulted from the finite embedded transformation-optical design by proposing an impedance-tunable coordinate transformation, on which the functions of impedance coefficients can be derived in the original space without changing the refractive index. Based on the new approach, two-dimensional (2D) reflectionless beam compressors/expanders, bends, shifters and splitters are designed using the modified anisotropic medium. It is found that the reflections can be removed in magnetic response materials for TE polarization or dielectric response materials for TM polarization. The numerical simulations confirm that various reflectionless optical elements can be realized in the pure transformation optics. The impedance-tunable coordinate transformation can be generalized to three-dimensional (3D) cases and be applied to other transformation-optical designs.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Group Inverse-Gamma Gamma Shrinkage for Sparse Regression with Block-Correlated Predictors
Creators: name: Boss, Jonathan
name: Datta, Jyotishka
name: Wang, Xin
name: Park, Sung Kyun
name: Kang, Jian
name: Mukherjee, Bhramar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Heavy-tailed continuous shrinkage priors, such as the horseshoe prior, are widely used for sparse estimation problems. However, there is limited work extending these priors to predictors with grouping structures. Of particular interest in this article, is regression coefficient estimation where pockets of high collinearity in the covariate space are contained within known covariate groupings. To assuage variance inflation due to multicollinearity we propose the group inverse-gamma gamma (GIGG) prior, a heavy-tailed prior that can trade-off between local and group shrinkage in a data adaptive fashion. A special case of the GIGG prior is the group horseshoe prior, whose shrinkage profile is correlated within-group such that the regression coefficients marginally have exact horseshoe regularization. We show posterior consistency for regression coefficients in linear regression models and posterior concentration results for mean parameters in sparse normal means models. The full conditional distributions corresponding to GIGG regression can be derived in closed form, leading to straightforward posterior computation. We show that GIGG regression results in low mean-squared error across a wide range of correlation structures and within-group signal densities via simulation. We apply GIGG regression to data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for associating environmental exposures with liver functionality.
description: 44 pages, 4 figures
Production of all the r-process nuclides in the dynamical ejecta of neutron star mergers
Creators: name: Wanajo, Shinya
name: Sekiguchi, Yuichiro
name: Nishimura, Nobuya
name: Kiuchi, Kenta
name: Kyutoku, Koutarou
name: Shibata, Masaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies suggest that binary neutron star (NS-NS) mergers robustly produce the heavy r-process nuclei above the atomic mass number A ~ 130 because of their ejecta consisting of almost pure neutrons (electron fraction of Y_e < 0.1). However, little production of the lighter r-process nuclei (A = 90-120) conflicts with the spectroscopic results of r-process-enhanced Galactic halo stars. We present, for the first time, the result of nucleosynthesis calculations based on the fully general-relativistic simulation of a NS-NS merger with approximate neutrino transport. It is found that the bulk of the dynamical ejecta are appreciably shock-heated and neutrino-processed, resulting in a wide range of Y_e (= 0.09-0.45). The mass-averaged abundance distribution of calculated nucleosynthesis yields is in reasonable agreement with the full-mass range (A = 90-240) of the solar r-process curve. This implies, if our model is representative of such events, that the dynamical ejecta of NS-NS mergers can be the origin of the Galactic r-process nuclei. Our result also shows that the radioactive heating after ~ 1 day from the merging, giving rise to r-process-powered transient emission, is dominated by the beta-decays of several species close to stability with precisely measured half-lives. This implies that the total radioactive heating rate for such an event can be well constrained within about a factor of two if the ejected material has a solar-like r-process pattern.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL. Section 2 was significantly changed according to the referee's advices. Our result was unchanged
Additional file 1 of Alzheimer’s disease-related transcriptional sex differences in myeloid cells
Creators: name: Coales, Isabelle
name: Tsartsalis, Stergios
name: Fancy, Nurun
name: Weinert, Maria
name: Clode, Daniel
name: Owen, David
name: Matthews, Paul M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Expression of microglial genes in MGLs. Violin and box plots of the normalized expression counts of key microglial genes, including IBA1/AIF1, ITGAM (CD11b), ITGAX (CD11c), P2RY12, TMEM119, and CX3CR1 in male and female induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglial-like cells (MGLs). Figure S2. Sex labelling and identification of a population of post-menopausal female and age-matched male monocytes. A Histogram showing expression counts of the Y-chromosomal gene, RPS4Y1, in a collection of 1202 monocyte samples derived taken from the publicly available microarray data set E-GEOD-56047. To sex the samples, expression counts of RPS4Y1 which fell below 200 were classed as female whilst expression counts exceeding 3,750 were classed as male. Samples whose expression fell between these values were left as unknowns. B Box and whisker plot showing the age of MCs following exclusion of all samples younger than 59 years of age, n = 297 male, 296 female, and 56 unknown. Figure S3. Serum concentrations of E2. Box plot showing differences in the serum concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2). Significance was determined via an unpaired t test for the male–female comparisons and a paired t test to compare across the menstrual cycle. Samples whose serum E2 fell below 100 pg/mL were not able to be quantified and thus they were excluded from the analysis. FDR corrected p values are shown. (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01). Figure S4. Oestrogen receptor expression in MGLs. Violin and box plots showing the kernel probability, the median, and interquartile range of the normalized expression counts of ESR1 and GPER1.
Geometric chained inequalities for higher-dimensional systems
Creators: name: Żukowski, Marek
name: Dutta, Arijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For systems of an arbitrary dimension, a theory of geometric chained Bell inequalities is presented. The approach is based on chained inequalities derived by Pykacz and Santos. For maximally entangled states the inequalities lead to a complete $0=1$ contradiction with quantum predictions. Local realism suggests that the probability for the two observes to have identical results is $1$ (that is a perfect correlation is predicted), whereas quantum formalism gives an opposite prediction: the local results always differ. This is so for any dimension. We also show that with the inequalities, one can have a version of Bell's theorem which involves only correlations arbitrarily close to perfect ones.
description: 7 pages, Almost identical with the published version
Coy Dark Matter and the anomalous magnetic moment
Creators: name: Hektor, Andi
name: Marzola, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coy Dark Matter removes the tension between the traditional WIMP paradigm of Dark Matter and the latest exclusion bounds from direct detection experiments. In this paper we present a leptophilic Coy Dark Matter model that, on top of explaining the spatially extended 1-5 GeV $γ$-ray excess detected at the Galactic Center, reconciles the measured anomalous magnetic moment of muon with the corresponding Standard Model prediction. The annihilation channel of DM is $χχ\to τ\barτ$ with the DM mass $m_χ= 9.43\,(^{+.063}_{-0.52}\,{\rm stat.})\,(\pm 1.2 \,{\rm sys.})$ GeV given by best-fit of the $γ$-ray excess. Fitting the measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon requires instead a pseudoscalar mediator with a minimal mass $m_a = 12^{+7}_{-3}$ GeV.
description: added references, some minor corrections
Time-domain response of atomically thin $\mathrm{MoS_2}$ nanomechanical resonators
Creators: name: van Leeuwen, R.
name: Castellanos-Gomez, A.
name: Steele, G. A.
name: van der Zant, H. S. J.
name: Venstra, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the energy relaxation rate of single- and few-layer molybdenum disulphide ($\mathrm{MoS_2}$) nanomechanical resonators by detecting the resonator ring-down. Recent experiments on these devices show a remarkably low quality (Q)-factor when taking spectrum measurements at room temperature. The origin of the low spectral Q-factor is an open question, and it has been proposed that besides dissipative processes, frequency fluctuations contribute significantly to the resonance line-width. The spectral measurements performed thus far however, do not allow one to distinguish these two processes. Here, we use time-domain measurements to quantify the dissipation. We compare the Q-factor obtained from the ring-down measurements to those obtained from the thermal noise spectrum and from the frequency response of the driven device. In few-layer and single-layer $\mathrm{MoS_2}$ resonators the two are in close agreement, which demonstrates that the spectral line-width in $\mathrm{MoS_2}$ membranes at room temperature is limited by dissipation, and that excess spectral broadening plays a negligible role.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
The hydrodynamic evolution of binary black holes embedded within the vertically stratified disks of active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: Kaaz, Nicholas
name: Schrøder, Sophie Lund
name: Andrews, Jeff J.
name: Antoni, Andrea
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar-mass black holes can become embedded within the gaseous disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Afterwards, their interactions are mediated by their gaseous surroundings. In this work, we study the evolution of stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) embedded within AGN disks using a combination of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations and analytic methods, focusing on environments in which the AGN disk scale height $H$ is $\gtrsim$ the BBH sphere of influence. We model the local surroundings of the embedded BBHs using a wind tunnel formalism and characterize different accretion regimes based on the local properties of the disk, which range from wind-dominated to quasi-spherical. We use our simulations to develop prescriptions for mass accretion and drag for embedded BBHs. We use these prescriptions, along with AGN disk models that can represent the Toomre-unstable outer regions of AGN disks, to study the long-term evolution of the BBHs as they migrate through the disk. We find that BBHs typically merge within $\lesssim 5-30\,{\rm Myr}$, increasing their mass significantly in the process, allowing BBHs to enter (or cross) the pair-instability supernova mass gap. The rate at which gas is supplied to these BBHs often exceeds the Eddington limit, sometimes by several orders of magnitude. We conclude that most embedded BBHs will merge before migrating significantly in the disk. Depending on the conditions of the ambient gas and the distance to the system, LISA can detect the transition between the gas-dominated and gravitational wave dominated regime for inspiraling BBHs that are formed sufficiently close to the AGN ($\lesssim$ 0.1 pc). We also discuss possible electromagnetic signatures during and following the inspiral, finding that it is generally unlikely but not inconceivable for the bolometric luminosity of the BBH to exceed that of the host AGN.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted to ApJ
Quantitative Comparison of Direct and GC-Speciated CI-TOF-MS Measurements
Creators: name: Claflin, Megan
name: Lerner, Brian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Description of method to quantitatively compare direct chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric (CI-TOF-MS) measurements with those acquired by combining the CI-TOF-MS with an Aerodyne gas chromatography system equipped with thermal desorption preconcentration (GC-CI-TOF-MS) for isomer resolved speciation of the CI signal.
Additional file 1 of Prognosis of lasso-like penalized Cox models with tumor profiling improves prediction over clinical data alone and benefits from bi-dimensional pre-screening
Creators: name: Jardillier, Rémy
name: Koca, Dzenis
name: Chatelain, Florent
name: Guyon, Laurent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. A document containing supplementary materials.
Optical instabilities and spontaneous light emission by polarizable moving matter
Creators: name: Silveirinha, Mario G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most extraordinary manifestations of the coupling of the optical field and matter is the emission of light by charged particles passing through a dielectric medium: the Vavilov-Cherenkov effect. In this article, it is theoretically predicted that a related phenomenon may be observed when neutral fast polarizable particles travel near a metal surface supporting surface plasmon polaritons. Rather dramatically, it is found that at some critical velocity, even if the initial optical field is vanishingly small, the system may become unstable and may start spontaneously emitting light such that in some initial time window the optical field grows exponentially with time.
description: under review since 10th of Jan. 2014
Renormalized spectrum of quasiparticle in limited number of states, strongly interacting with two-mode polarization phonons at $T=0$ K
Creators: name: Tkach, M. V.
name: Seti, Ju. O.
name: Voitsekhivska, O. M.
name: Hutiv, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within unitary transformed Hamiltonian of Fröhlich type, using the Green's functions method, exact renormalized energy spectrum of quasiparticle strongly interacting with two-mode polarization phonons is obtained at $T=0$ K in a model of the system with limited number of its initial states. Exact analytical expressions for the average number of phonons in ground state and in all satellite states of the system are presented. Their dependences on a magnitude of interaction between quasiparticle and both phonon modes are analyzed.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 2 of Prognosis of lasso-like penalized Cox models with tumor profiling improves prediction over clinical data alone and benefits from bi-dimensional pre-screening
Creators: name: Jardillier, Rémy
name: Koca, Dzenis
name: Chatelain, Florent
name: Guyon, Laurent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. A document containing supplementary Table 1 with TCGA cancer abbreviations.
Additional file 3 of Prognosis of lasso-like penalized Cox models with tumor profiling improves prediction over clinical data alone and benefits from bi-dimensional pre-screening
Creators: name: Jardillier, Rémy
name: Koca, Dzenis
name: Chatelain, Florent
name: Guyon, Laurent
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. A document containing supplementary Figures 1-23 including the corresponding legends.
Valley filter from magneto-tunneling between single and bi-layer graphene
Creators: name: Pratley, L
name: Zuelicke, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider tunneling transport between two parallel graphene sheets where one is a single-layer sample and the other one a bilayer. In the presence of an in-plane magnetic field, the interplay between combined energy and momentum conservation in a tunneling event and the distinctive chiral nature of charge carriers in the two systems turns out to favor tunneling of electrons from one of the two valleys in the graphene Brillouin zone. Adjusting the field strength enables manipulation of the valley polarization of the current, which reaches its maximum value of 100% concomitantly with a maximum of the tunneling conductance.
description: 11 pages (preprint style), 4 figures, RevTex 4.1, v2: minor changes, to appear in Applied Physics Letters
Reeb flows without simple global surfaces of section
Creators: name: Kim, Juno
name: Kim, Yonghwan
name: van Koert, Otto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37J55, 53D10

description: We construct, for any given positive integer $n$, Reeb flows on contact integral homology 3-spheres which do not admit global surfaces of section with fewer than $n$ boundary components. We use a connected sum operation for open books to construct such systems. We prove that this property is stable with respect to $C^{4+ε}$-small perturbations of the Hamiltonian given on the symplectization.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures. Improved and corrected some arguments following suggestions of the referee. To appear in Involve