cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Structure in 6D and 4D N=1 supergravity theories from F-theory
Creators: name: Grimm, Thomas W.
name: Taylor, Washington
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore some aspects of 4D supergravity theories and F-theory vacua that are parallel to structures in the space of 6D theories. The spectrum and topological terms in 4D supergravity theories correspond to topological data of F-theory geometry, just as in six dimensions. In particular, topological axion-curvature squared couplings appear in 4D theories; these couplings are characterized by vectors in the dual to the lattice of axion shift symmetries associated with string charges. These terms are analogous to the Green-Schwarz terms of 6D supergravity theories, though in 4D the terms are not generally linked with anomalies. We outline the correspondence between F-theory topology and data of the corresponding 4D supergravity theories. The correspondence of geometry with structure in the low-energy action illuminates topological aspects of heterotic-F-theory duality in 4D as well as in 6D. The existence of an F-theory realization also places geometrical constraints on the 4D supergravity theory in the large-volume limit.
description: 63 pages
Re-examining the Role of University Libraries in the Service of Tibetan Studies
Creators: name: Hartley, Lauran R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Library science
Asians

description: The founding and growth of Tibetan Studies in North America would provide an apt case to study the historical link between university library collections and academic programs. The receipt of Tibetan language materials through the PL480-authorized acquisitions program coordinated by the Library of Congress closely correlates with those schools where sizable amounts of Tibetan research and instruction eventually took hold, and in most instances pre-dated the first hiring of Tibetan Studies faculty. While this direct correspondence has weakened, many of the stronger programs in North America remain at schools with PL480 legacy collections. Exciting strides in the provision of Tibetan Studies resources and metadata in recent years, however, have been most dramatically led by groups not necessarily centered at university libraries -- with the innovative exception of the Tibetan and Himalayan Library, brain-child of David Germano and others at the University of Virginia. This trend holds true especially for North America, where the vast majority of collection development has passively relied on the PL480’s successor program, the LC South Asian Cooperative Acquisitions Program (SACAP). The result for our field has been relatively uniform print collections at most schools and a dearth of Tibetan-literate professional librarians and catalogers. The advent of the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center (TBRC) Core Text Collections has rapidly expanded the availability (and searchability) of materials for scholars, and now from the comfort of home. Such projects, in their vitality and prominence, have also served to highlight the value and breadth of Tibetan textual traditions and a field of vibrant scholarship at academic institutions. At the same time, vast digitization efforts have prompted some libraries to wonder about the need to preserve their legacy collections. Drawing on data from academic research library databases and with reference to current trends in university library and information science, this paper aims to identify challenges in the current model and practice of Tibetan Studies librarianship at North American universities. Taking as a premise that it is the role of academic research libraries not just to collect, but also to organize, preserve, and make knowledge accessible, this paper then explores models for how academic research libraries can better leverage and parlay their institutional strengths in a new environment through partnerships with private initiatives, cooperative projects across academic institutions, and in more robust support of classroom instruction and research.
Bistability in the Tunnelling Current through a Ring of $N$ Coupled Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Shiau, Shiue-Yuan
name: Chang, Yia-Chung
name: Kuo, David M. -T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study bistability in the electron transport through a ring of N coupled quantum dots with two orbitals in each dot. One orbital is localized (called b orbital) and coupling of the b orbitals in any two dots is negligible; the other is delocalized in the plane of the ring (called d orbital), due to coupling of the d orbitals in the neighboring dots, as described by a tight-binding model. The d orbitals thereby form a band with finite width. The b and d orbitals are connected to the source and drain electrodes with a voltage bias V, allowing the electron tunnelling. Tunnelling current is calculated by using a nonequilibrium Green function method recently developed to treat nanostructures with multiple energy levels. We find a bistable effect in the tunnelling current as a function of bias V, when the size N>50; this effect scales with the size N and becomes sizable at N~100. The temperature effect on bistability is also discussed. In comparison, mean-field treatment tends to overestimate the bistable effect.
description: Published in JPSJ; minor typos corrected
Arcsecond resolution mapping of Sulfur Dioxide emission in the circumstellar envelope of VY Canis Majoris
Creators: name: Fu, Roger
name: Moullet, Arielle
name: Patel, Nimesh A.
name: Biersteker, John
name: DeRose, Kimberly L.
name: Young, Kenneth H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report Submillimeter Array observations of SO2 emission in the circumstellar envelope of the red supergiant VY CMa, with an angular resolution of ~1". SO2 emission appears in three distinct outflow regions surrounding the central continuum peak emission that is spatially unresolved. No bipolar structure is noted in the sources. A fourth source of SO2 is identified as a spherical wind centered at the systemic velocity. We estimate the SO2 column density and rotational temperature assuming local thermal equilibrium (LTE) as well as perform non-LTE radiative transfer analysis using RADEX. Column densities of SO2 are found to be ~10^16 cm^-2 in the outflows and in the spherical wind. Comparison with existing maps of the two parent species OH and SO shows the SO2 distribution to be consistent with that of OH. The abundance ratio f_SO2/f_SO is greater than unity for all radii greater than at least 3x10^16 cm. SO2 is distributed in fragmented clumps compared to SO, PN, and SiS molecules. These observations lend support to specific models of circumstellar chemistry that predict f_SO2/f_SO>1 and may suggest the role of localized effects such as shocks in the production of SO2 in the circumstellar envelope.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Fibroblast growth factor 21 attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptotic pathway
Creators: name: Ding, Peng
name: Yang, Rui
name: Li, Cheng
name: Fu, Hai-Long
name: Ren, Guang-Li
name: Wang, Pei
name: Zheng, Dong-Yu
name: Chen, Wei
name: Yang, Li-Ye
name: Mao, Yan-Fei
name: Yuan, Hong-Bin
name: Li, Yong-Hua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Detailed methods and supplementary results.
L-stability in Rings and Left Quasi-duo Rings
Creators: name: Horoub, Ayman Mohammad Abedalqader
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Education--Mathematics

description: A ring R is said to have stable range 1 if, for any element a in R and any left ideal L of R, Ra+L=R implies a-u in L for some unit u in R. Here we insist only that this holds for all L in some non-empty set L(R) of left ideals of R, and say that R is left L-stable in this case. We say that a class C of rings is affordable if C is the class of left L-stable rings for some left idealtor L. In addition to the rings of stable range 1, it is known that the left uniquely generated rings and the rings with internal cancellation are both affordable. Here, we explore L-stability in general, derive some properties of this phenomenon and show that it captures many well-known results. This in turn yields new information about the left uniquely generated rings and the internally cancellable rings, and enables us to answer some open questions related to them. More importantly, we show that the directly finite rings are affordable, which gives a new perspective on these rings and the plethora of open questions related to them. Next, we turn to the class of left quasi-duo rings, that is, rings R in which every maximal left ideal is an ideal. But, surprisingly, these rings have many nice natural characterizations and properties that have passed unnoticed since they were introduced in 1995. Here we discuss this class of rings and prove some interesting new results for them. In particular, we introduce the notion of left width for rings, and use it to give a characterization of any left quasi-duo ring that has a finite left width. After that, a characterization of the I-finite left quasi-duo rings will be given. Finally, we introduce the left-max idealtor which is defined in terms of the maximal left ideals for any ring R. Then we study and characterize its associated rings which will be called the left-max stable rings. We also show that the class of left quasi-duo rings is neither left-max stable nor affordable.
PowerPoint Instructions for "Piercing of consciousness as a threshold crossing operation"
Creators: name: Kang, Yul Hyoung Ryul
name: Petzschner, Frederike H.
name: Wolpert, Daniel M.
name: Shadlen, Michael Neil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Consciousness
subject: Threshold (Perception)
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: PowerPoint Instructions for "Piercing of consciousness as a threshold crossing operation"
Nongalvanic thermometry for ultracold two-dimensional electron domains
Creators: name: Gasparinetti, S.
name: Martínez-Pérez, M. J.
name: de Franceschi, S.
name: Pekola, J. P.
name: Giazotto, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the temperature of a two-dimensional electron gas at temperatures of a few mK is a challenging issue, which standard thermometry schemes may fail to tackle. We propose and analyze a nongalvanic thermometer, based on a quantum point contact and quantum dot, which delivers virtually no power to the electron system to be measured.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Early Mesozoic rift basins of eastern North America and their gravity anomalies: The role of detachments during extension
Creators: name: Bell, Robin E.
name: Karner, Garry David
name: Steckler, Michael S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Plate tectonics
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Two end-member models of extension involving detachments have been developed. One model incorporates a fault that soles at mid-crustal level overlying a broad region of pure shear in the lower crust. The second, referred to as the simple shear model, includes a detachment continuing through the entire crust and terminating in a region of concentrated extension in the lower crust. Both models predict basins with no localized thermal effect. With the inclusion of flexural isostasy, both models predict footwall uplift whose amplitude and wavelength are controlled by the detachment geometry and the lithospheric strength. A gravity anomaly over the hanging wall block distinguishes the simple shear model from the intracrustal detachment model. The early Mesozoic basins of the eastern North America, believed to have formed as the result of the normal-slip reactivation of a Paleozoic thrust system as the Atlantic opened, are associated with distinctive hanging wall gravity highs. These gravity highs, the basin geometry, the lack of a thermal subsidence phase in the rift basins, and the presence of a highly extended and heated region to the east, suggest that the simple shear model may be applied. The simple shear model fits the outer hanging wall anomaly and permits a region of lower crustal extension to be mapped. These basins contain an abundance of basalt flows and diabase sills despite the lack of evidence for regional heating or thermal subsidence, implying that a source, external to the basin, must exist for this magmatic material. The detachment fault may facilitate the movement of the molten mafic material into the rift basins from an offshore region of greater heating and extension. The addition of 2 km of mafic material along the model detachment accounts for the observed inner gravity high and the lack of a negative gravity anomaly across these basins. The match of this modified simple shear model to the observed gravity suggests that the region of greater extension seaward of the hinge zone is the source for the widespread dikes and sills within the basins and the coastal plain and helps explain the geochemical homogeneity of these intrusives and extrusives along 2000 km of the eastern seaboard.
Regulation of Ca(V)2 calcium channels by G protein coupled receptors
Creators: name: Zamponi, Gerald W.
name: Currie, Kevin P. M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2012

description: Voltage gated calcium channels (Ca²⁺ channels) are key mediators of depolarization induced calcium influx into excitable cells, and thereby play pivotal roles in a wide array of physiological responses. This review focuses on the inhibition of Ca(V)2 (N- and P/Q-type) Ca²⁺-channels by G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which exerts important autocrine/paracrine control over synaptic transmission and neuroendocrine secretion. Voltage-dependent inhibition is the most widespread mechanism, and involves direct binding of the G protein βγ dimer (Gβγ) to the α1 subunit of Ca(V)2 channels. GPCRs can also recruit several other distinct mechanisms including phosphorylation, lipid signaling pathways, and channel trafficking that result in voltage-independent inhibition. Current knowledge of Gβγ-mediated inhibition is reviewed, including the molecular interactions involved, determinants of voltage-dependence, and crosstalk with other cell signaling pathways. A summary of recent developments in understanding the voltage-independent mechanisms prominent in sympathetic and sensory neurons is also included. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium channels.
Additional file 1 of Study of influential factors of provincial health expenditure -analysis of panel data after the 2009 healthcare reform in China
Creators: name: Hou, Jifei
name: Tian, Liqi
name: Zhang, Yun
name: Liu, Yanzheng
name: Li, Jing
name: Wang, Yue
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix: Sensitivity analysis. Table1 Panel estimation for GEE. Table2 Panel estimation for GMM.
Supersymmetry in the shadow of photini
Creators: name: Baryakhtar, Masha
name: Craig, Nathaniel
name: Van Tilburg, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Additional neutral gauge fermions -- "photini" -- arise in string compactifications as superpartners of U(1) gauge fields. Unlike their vector counterparts, the photini can acquire weak-scale masses from soft SUSY breaking and lead to observable signatures at the LHC through mass mixing with the bino. In this work we investigate the collider consequences of adding photini to the neutralino sector of the MSSM. Relatively large mixing of one or more photini with the bino can lead to prompt decays of the lightest ordinary supersymmetric particle; these extra cascades transfer most of the energy of SUSY decay chains into Standard Model particles, diminishing the power of missing energy as an experimental handle for signal discrimination. We demonstrate that the missing energy in SUSY events with photini is reduced dramatically for supersymmetric spectra with MSSM neutralinos near the weak scale, and study the effects on limits set by the leading hadronic SUSY searches at ATLAS and CMS. We find that in the presence of even one light photino the limits on squark masses from hadronic searches can be reduced by 400 GeV, with comparable (though more modest) reduction of gluino mass limits. We also consider potential discovery channels such as dilepton and multilepton searches, which remain sensitive to SUSY spectra with photini and can provide an unexpected route to the discovery of supersymmetry. Although presented in the context of photini, our results apply in general to theories in which additional light neutral fermions mix with MSSM gauginos.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, references added
A view of the narrow-line region in the infrared: active galactic nuclei with resolved fine-structure lines in the Spitzer archive
Creators: name: Dasyra, K. M.
name: Ho, L. C.
name: Netzer, H.
name: Combes, F.
name: Trakhtenbrot, B.
name: Sturm, E.
name: Armus, L.
name: Elbaz, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We queried the Spitzer archive for high-resolution observations with the Infrared Spectrograph of optically selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) for the purpose of identifying sources with resolved fine-structure lines that would enable studies of the narrow-line region (NLR) at mid-infrared wavelengths. By combining 298 Spitzer spectra with 6 Infrared Space Observatory spectra, we present kinematic information of the NLR for 81 z<=0.3 AGN. We used the [NeV], [OIV], [NeIII], and [SIV] lines, whose fluxes correlate well with each other, to probe gas photoionized by the AGN. We found that the widths of the lines are, on average, increasing with the ionization potential of the species that emit them. No correlation of the line width with the critical density of the corresponding transition was found. The velocity dispersion of the gas, sigma, is systematically higher than that of the stars, sigma_*, in the AGN host galaxy, and it scales with the mass of the central black hole, M_BH. Further correlations between the line widths and luminosities L, and between L and M_BH, are suggestive of a three dimensional plane connecting log(M_BH) to a linear combination of log(sigma) and log(L). Such a plane can be understood within the context of gas motions that are driven by AGN feedback mechanisms, or virialized gas motions with a power-law dependence of the NLR radius on the AGN luminosity. The M_BH estimates obtained for 35 type 2 AGN from this plane are consistent with those obtained from the M_BH-sigma_* relation.
description: ApJ, revised to match the print version
Transitivity Requirement revisited: Evidence from first language acquisition
Creators: name: Radeva-Bork, Teodora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: null objects
child grammar
Transitivity Requirement
Slavic
crosslinguistic data

description: The paper investigates null objects in early child grammar in light of the Transi-

tivity Requirement approach (Cummins & Roberge 2005), which states that transi-

tivity is not dependent on the lexical features of the verb but is a universal gram-

matical property. I review naturalistic and experimental child data from sixteen

typologically different languages (including five Slavic representatives) and show

that the predictions of the Transitivity Requirement approach are not borne out.

Instead, the results suggest that early object omissions reflect the presence of (op-

tional) object drop in the target grammar. Children seem to omit objects only if

the target grammar allows for this option, as it is the case, for example, in Russian,

Ukrainian and Polish.
Extensional Tectonics in the Jeanne d'Arc Basin, Offshore Newfoundland: Implications for the Timing of Break-Up between Grand Banks and Iberia
Creators: name: Driscoll, Neal W.
name: Hogg, John R.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Karner, Garry David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Submarine geology
Plate tectonics
Continents
Geodynamics

description: Using seismic reflection and exploratory well data from the Jeanne d’Arc basin, offshore Newfoundland, we examined the link between unconformity generation and the onset of seafloor spreading between the central Grand Banks and Iberia. A prominent unconformity developed across the entire basin, previously interpreted as a ‘break-up’ unconformity, is reinterpreted as a late Barremian/early Aptian rift-onset unconformity on the basis of the stratal geometry and lithofacies. The rotation and divergence of seismic reflectors above this unconformity attest to differential subsidence documenting an episode of extension and block rotation within the basin at this time. Our seismic sequence analysis suggests that rifting and block rotation continued in the Jeanne d’Arc basin until at least late Aptian/early Albian time. The onset of seafloor spreading between the central Grand Banks and Iberia is uncertain because of limited marine magnetic and drilling data (ODP and DSDP), and the existence of the Cretaceous magnetic quiet zone along the margin. However, recent studies indicate that magnetic anomaly M0 (118 Ma) is not well resolved north of the Newfoundland Seamounts within the Newfoundland basin and is not present north of the Figueiro fracture zone along the conjugate Iberian margin. This suggests that seafloor spreading between the northern portion of the Newfoundland basin and the northern Iberian margin began after the early Aptian. Given that the cessation of rifting marks the onset of seafloor spreading our seismic sequence analysis indicates that the onset of seafloor spreading in the northern Newfoundland basin, north of the Newfoundland Seamounts, began after late Aptian time.
Explanation-Based Auditing
Creators: name: Fabbri, Daniel
name: LeFevre, Kristen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To comply with emerging privacy laws and regulations, it has become common for applications like electronic health records systems (EHRs) to collect access logs, which record each time a user (e.g., a hospital employee) accesses a piece of sensitive data (e.g., a patient record). Using the access log, it is easy to answer simple queries (e.g., Who accessed Alice's medical record?), but this often does not provide enough information. In addition to learning who accessed their medical records, patients will likely want to understand why each access occurred. In this paper, we introduce the problem of generating explanations for individual records in an access log. The problem is motivated by user-centric auditing applications, and it also provides a novel approach to misuse detection. We develop a framework for modeling explanations which is based on a fundamental observation: For certain classes of databases, including EHRs, the reason for most data accesses can be inferred from data stored elsewhere in the database. For example, if Alice has an appointment with Dr. Dave, this information is stored in the database, and it explains why Dr. Dave looked at Alice's record. Large numbers of data accesses can be explained using general forms called explanation templates. Rather than requiring an administrator to manually specify explanation templates, we propose a set of algorithms for automatically discovering frequent templates from the database (i.e., those that explain a large number of accesses). We also propose techniques for inferring collaborative user groups, which can be used to enhance the quality of the discovered explanations. Finally, we have evaluated our proposed techniques using an access log and data from the University of Michigan Health System. Our results demonstrate that in practice we can provide explanations for over 94% of data accesses in the log.
description: VLDB2012
MPEC 2023-X77 : 2023 WF4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 WF4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The Mass Spectrum of Neutrinos
Creators: name: de Oliveira, E. Capelas
name: Rodrigues, W. A.
name: Vaz, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous paper we showed that Weyl equation possess superluminal solutions and moreover we showed that those solutions that are eigenstates of the parity operator seem to describe a coupled pair of a monopole anti-monopole system. This result suggests to look for a solution of Maxwell equation \partialF^{\infty}=-gJ with a current J as source and such that the Lorentz force on the current is null. We first identify a solution where J=γ^{5}J_{m}is a spacelike field (even if F is not a superluminal solution of the homogeneous Maxwell equation). More surprisingly we find that there exists a solution F of the free Maxwell \partialF=0 that is equivalent to the non homogeneous equation for F^{\infty}. Once this result is proved it suggests by itself to look for more general subluminal and superluminal solutions F of the free Maxwell equation equivalent to a non homogeneous Maxwell equation for a field F_{0} with a current term as source which may be subluminal or superluminal. We exhibit one such subluminal solution, for which the Dirac-Hestenes spinor field ψ associated the electromagnetic field F_{0} satisfies a Dirac equation for a bradyonic neutrino under the ansatz that the current is ce^{λγ^{5}}gψγ^{0}ψ, with g the quantum of magnetic charge and λ a constant to be determined in such a way that the auto-force be null. Together with Dirac's quantization condition this gives a quantized mass spectrum (Eq.49) for the neutrinos, with the masses of the different flavor neutrinos being of the same order of magnitude (Eq.50) which is in accord with recent experimental findings. As a last surprise we show that the mass spectrum found in the previous case continues to hold if the current is taken spacelike, i.e., ce^{λγ^{5}}gψ_{>}γ^{3}ψ_{>} with ψ_{>}, in this case, satisfying a tachyonic Dirac-Hestenes equation.
description: This version corrects some misprints, has a new remark and a new reference
Personalized glucose forecasting for type 2 diabetes using data assimilation
Creators: name: Albers, David J.
name: Levine, Matthew E.
name: Gluckman, Bruce
name: Ginsberg, Henry N.
name: Hripcsak, George M.
name: Mamykina, Lena
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes--Nutritional aspects
Glucose
Blood sugar
Forecasting

description: Type 2 diabetes leads to premature death and reduced quality of life for 8% of Americans. Nutrition management is critical to maintaining glycemic control, yet it is difficult to achieve due to the high individual differences in glycemic response to nutrition. Anticipating glycemic impact of different meals can be challenging not only for individuals with diabetes, but also for expert diabetes educators. Personalized computational models that can accurately forecast an impact of a given meal on an individual’s blood glucose levels can serve as the engine for a new generation of decision support tools for individuals with diabetes. However, to be useful in practice, these computational engines need to generate accurate forecasts based on limited datasets consistent with typical self-monitoring practices of individuals with type 2 diabetes. This paper uses three forecasting machines: (i) data assimilation, a technique borrowed from atmospheric physics and engineering that uses Bayesian modeling to infuse data with human knowledge represented in a mechanistic model, to generate real-time, personalized, adaptable glucose forecasts; (ii) model averaging of data assimilation output; and (iii) dynamical Gaussian process model regression. The proposed data assimilation machine, the primary focus of the paper, uses a modified dual unscented Kalman filter to estimate states and parameters, personalizing the mechanistic models. Model selection is used to make a personalized model selection for the individual and their measurement characteristics. The data assimilation forecasts are empirically evaluated against actual postprandial glucose measurements captured by individuals with type 2 diabetes, and against predictions generated by experienced diabetes educators after reviewing a set of historical nutritional records and glucose measurements for the same individual. The evaluation suggests that the data assimilation forecasts compare well with specific glucose measurements and match or exceed in accuracy expert forecasts. We conclude by examining ways to present predictions as forecast-derived range quantities and evaluate the comparative advantages of these ranges.
Number agreement mismatches in Russian numeral phrases
Creators: name: Titov, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Russian numeral phrases
number agreement
syntax
morphology
contrastive topicalization
information structure

description: This paper looks at two cases of number agreement mismatch in Russian numeral

phrases and offers a unified syntactic analysis for both. One case relates to exam-

ples where a higher numeral that typically selects a plural NP fails to do so when

the head noun lacks a singular lexical form. Instead, an NP headed by a noun that

lacks a plural lexical form is chosen despite the selectional requirement of the nu-

meral. The second case concerns data discussed in Franks & House (1982) that in-

volve topicalization of a complement of a lower numeral, which consistently selects

a singular NP, with the topicalized NP unexpectedly appearing in the plural form.
title: Long-Term Monitoring at East and West Flower Garden Banks: 2022 Annual Report
Creators: name: Johnston, Michelle A.
name: French, Donavon R.
name: Eisenbach, Olivia
name: O’Connell, Kelly
name: Hannum, Ryan
name: Nuttall, Marissa F.
name: Emmert, Jacque
Publisher: name: NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04bgwn153
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: National Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Science Series ; ONMS-24-06
description: This report summarizes fish and benthic community observations and water quality data collected from East Flower Garden Bank (EFGB) and West Flower Garden Bank (WFGB) in 2022, along with 33 years of historical monitoring data.
Resonant annihilation of long-lived massive colored particles through hadronic collisions
Creators: name: Kusakabe, Motohiko
name: Takesako, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hypothetical long-lived massive colored particles (MCPs or Ys) would be confined in colorless exotic strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs) at color confinement temperature of T_C /sim 200 MeV. Two long-lived MCPs form a bound state (Y /bar{Y}) at collisions of two SIMPs. We study sensitivities of MCP annihilation to decay properties of resonances (Y /bar{Y}), and binding energies or energy levels of exotic SIMPs. The (Y /bar{Y}) formation is assumed to dominantly proceeds through resonances of (Y/bar{Y}) in this paper. We make a toy model of the effective cross section for Y /bar{Y} annihilation. Abundances of SIMPs are then calculated for different sets of parameters specifying properties of (Y /bar{Y}) resonances, binding energies of SIMPs, the initial abundance and the mass of MCP. Calculated relic abundances for respective SIMP species are 2 x 10^{-8}--3 x 10^{-4} times that of baryon. They can be much higher but cannot be much smaller than the previous estimate. The abundances can be consistent depending on parameters with the possible scenario that SIMPs bind to nuclei and subsequent exotic nuclear reactions reduce the primordial abundance of 7Li or enhance those of 9Be and/or B in the early universe. A unique information on the quark-hadron phase transition in the early universe may become available in future by elaborated studies on the annihilation process with light element abundances as observables.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in PRD, minor corrections made
Changing Currents: Turbulence for the Electricity Industry? 2011 Energy Policy Forum
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental economics
Energy policy

description: The question is never whether the United States has an energy policy. It has dozens. They come with various decision-makers at overlapping levels of authority, ample numbers of stakeholders, and generally lots of confusing and often contradictory signals. Congress has been the locus of decision-making over the past half a decade, but by now most attention has shifted from legislation to regulation. The Environmental Protection Agency, in particular, has garnered significant attention—both positive and negative—with its long-delayed rulemaking in various areas. These rules cover everything from tighter ozone standards, the transport rule involving local and regional air pollutants and their effects on neighboring states, as well as greenhouse gas regulation prompted by the 2007 Supreme Court decision in EPA v. Massachusetts, which requires EPA to address global warming pollution. Often the only question is whether Congress will act to overturn or delay EPA's regulatory efforts. That seems unlikely, given Congressional paralysis and threats of Presidential veto, but political doubts remain nonetheless. The ongoing debt discussions, in particular, could add another level of uncertainty related to EPA's authority.
The Importance of the Montreal Protocol in Protecting Earth’s Hydroclimate
Creators: name: Wu, Yutian
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
name: Seager, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Hydrology
Ozone layer depletion
Greenhouse gases
Global warming

description: The 1987 Montreal Protocol regulating emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) was motivated primarily by the harm to human health and ecosystems arising from increased exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation associated with depletion of the ozone layer. It is now known that the Montreal Protocol has helped reduce radiative forcing of the climate system since CFCs are greenhouse gases (GHGs), and that ozone depletion (which is now on the verge of reversing) has been the dominant driver of atmospheric circulation changes in the Southern Hemisphere in the last half century. This paper demonstrates that the Montreal Protocol also significantly protects Earth’s hydroclimate. Using the Community Atmospheric Model, version 3 (CAM3), coupled to a simple mixed layer ocean, it is shown that in the “world avoided” (i.e., with CFC emissions not regulated), the subtropical dry zones would be substantially drier, and the middle- and high-latitude regions considerably wetter in the coming decade (2020–29) than in a world without ozone depletion. Surprisingly, these changes are very similar, in both pattern and magnitude, to those caused by projected increases in GHG concentrations over the same period. It is further shown that, by dynamical and thermodynamical mechanisms, both the stratospheric ozone depletion and increased CFCs contribute to these changes. The results herein imply that, as a consequence of the Montreal Protocol, changes in the hydrological cycle in the coming decade will be only half as strong as what they otherwise would be.
title: NOAA Charleston Harbor current survey reconnaissance 2023 data report
Creators: name: Kirk, Katie
Publisher: name: NOAA Center for Operational Oceanographic Products & Services
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05vcng590
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: NOAA technical report NOS CO-OPS ; 106
description: This report summarizes the data collection completed by NCOP in the 2023 Charleston Harbor reconnaissance, including the first operational deployments of both OSKER surface drifters (3) and the Nortek vessel-mounted (VM) ADCP system.
Three-parameter (two-sided) deformation of Heisenberg algebra
Creators: name: Gavrilik, A. M.
name: Kachurik, I. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 3-parametric two-sided deformation of Heisenberg algebra (HA), with p,q-deformed commutator in the l.h.s. of basic defining relation and certain deformation of its r.h.s., is introduced and studied. The third deformation parameter μappears in an extra term in the r.h.s. as pre-factor of Hamiltonian. For this deformation of HA we find novel properties. Namely, we prove it is possible to realize this (p,q,μ)-deformed HA by means of some deformed oscillator algebra. Also, we find the unusual property that the deforming factor μ in the considered deformed HA inevitably depends explicitly on particle number operator N. Such a novel N-dependence is special for the two-sided deformation of HA treated jointly with its deformed oscillator realizations.
description: 12 pages; v2: minor changes and few references added, accepted in Mod.Phys.Lett.A
International Assessments of Student Achievement and Public Confidence in Education: Evidence from a Cross-National Study
Creators: name: Pizmony-Levy, Oren
name: Bjorklund, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Educational evaluation
Comparative education
Education--Public opinion
Programme for International Student Assessment

description: One of the overarching goals of international large-scale assessments (ILSA) is to inform public discourse about the quality of education different countries. To fulfill this function, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), for example, raises awareness of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) results through different forms of traditional and social media (e.g., press releases and other activities under the slogan PISA Day). Scholars have responded to the rapid growth of ILSA by examining public discourse through newspapers articles, policy documents, and other outlets. However, we know very little about whether and to what extent the general public is actually affected by PISA results. This article expands the range of stakeholders that engage with PISA by exploring public opinion. Specifically, the study uses data regarding public trust in education from the 2011 wave of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP). Drawing on survey data from 30 countries and Hierarchical Linear Models (HLM), the study shows that PISA ranking have a significant effect on public perceptions. After taking into account gross domestic product (GDP), we find that in high performing countries the general public expresses higher levels of confidence in the education system. We discuss these patterns in the context of growing politization of education policy making and the use of ILSA as evidence.
Politics of Education and Teachers’ Support for High-Stakes Teacher Accountability Policies
Creators: name: Pizmony-Levy, Oren
name: Woolsey, Ashley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Educational change
Teachers
Educational accountability
Education

description: Although educators are at the center of contentious high-stakes teacher accountability policies, we know very little about their attitudes toward these policies. This research gap is unfortunate because teachers are considered key actors in successful implementation of educational reforms. To what extent do the politics that accompany the introduction of high-stakes teacher accountability policies affect teachers’ support for the policies themselves? To address this gap, we used data from an experimental survey of teachers in New Jersey (n=444), where a new reform—Teacher Effectiveness and Accountability for Children of New Jersey Act (TEACHNJ)—was signed into law in 2012 and implemented shortly after. The cornerstone of the reform is a new evaluation system that ties student performance on standardized tests to teachers’ evaluation. We found that the majority of teachers oppose the new evaluation system. Teachers’ attitudes were shaped by the politics of the key actors advocating for the policy, perceptions of implementation efforts, and beliefs in the potential outcome of the policy. Open-ended responses indicated that teachers question the validity of the evaluation system and are concerned about the negative intended and unintended consequences of the system. We conclude this paper by discussing the implications of these findings for policy studies and policymaking.
Immersive Analytics Interaction: User Preferences and Agreements by Task Type
Creators: name: Chen, Qing
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: speech input
subject: gesture input
subject: elicitation
subject: immersive analytics
subject: augmented reality
subject: Computer Science

description: For immersive computing environments, multiple interaction modes (e.g. voice, gestures, handheld controller) have been proposed. In this thesis, I present the results of an elicitation study examining user preferences and measuring interaction agreements, based on two task types from an existing task taxonomy, in the context of data interaction in augmented reality (AR). The results indicate a non-statistically-significant association between a user’s input mode preference and the type of the performed task in most cases. However, agreements on interactions were found to be higher in one type of task. I reflect on the resulting implications and offer one practical guideline for UX designers creating AR-based analytics applications. This thesis also details an alternative way of quantifying user agreements in an elicitation study on interactions.
Media coverage of PISA 2012: Evidence from pilot study in 20 countries
Creators: name: Pizmony-Levy, Oren
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Programme for International Student Assessment
Educational evaluation
Journalism, Educational
Foreign news

description: A central premise of international large-scale assessments (ILSAs) – such as OECD’s PISA – is informing and enriching public discourse on education. Following the immense expansion of ILSAs, scholars have begun to explore reactions to these assessments through analysis of newspapers coverage. Most studies in this line of research rely on only one or two countries, yet employ a rich qualitative methodology. Thus, we know little about trends across large number of countries and the interaction between countries (e.g., externalization) as reflected in these news stories. In this pilot study I ask: How do newspapers filter and translate scientific and technical information – PISA - to the general public? The study seeks to contribute to the literature by examining newspapers coverage of PISA 2012 in 20 countries using a quantitative content analysis methodology. This methodology pays attention to the article as a whole and to the different speakers and their speech acts. For each country, we collected and coded 10 articles (from two or more sources) that were published in the week following the release of PISA. The analysis point to three emerging themes. First, newspapers offer very limited information about PISA; only one-third (32%) of stories discuss the methodology behind PISA, and more than three-quarters (78%) of stories present simple rankings (versus other, more informative indicators). Second, we find much variation across countries with respect to tone and speakers. For example, while in Spain close to half (45%) of speakers are affiliated with the academia, in Spain half of the speakers are affiliated with the Ministry of Education. Third, using network analysis, we find that top performers (e.g., Shanghai and Finland) are referenced more than other countries (see Appendix A). In the full paper, we further examine and test different explanations for these patterns. The document includes PowerPoint slides with key findings from the pilot study as well as a copy of the media analysis protocol developed for this study.
How Americans View the Opt Out Movement
Creators: name: Pizmony-Levy, Oren
name: Cosman, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Educational tests and measurements--Public opinion
Educational evaluation
Education--Parent participation

description: This report examines public opinion on the Opt Out movement, which came to national prominence in 2015 when 20% of public school students in New York State opted out from taking state standardized tests in mathematics and English language arts. The movement has gained considerable attention from various educational stakeholders, and now Opt Out poses a challenge to a cornerstone of federal and state education policy in the United States: standardized tests. The findings in this report are based on a combination of two online surveys with a national sample of 2,107 adults age 18 and older. The survey was conducted in English in February and May 2017. The survey included an experimental design in which respondents were randomly assigned to three equal-size groups. The first group was asked about parents “excusing their children from state standardized tests,” the second group was asked about parents “opting their children out of state standardized tests,” and the third group was asked about parents “boycotting state standardized tests.” Respondents were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk and Qualtrics Panels.