cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exact Liouvillian Spectrum of a One-Dimensional Dissipative Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Nakagawa, Masaya
name: Kawakami, Norio
name: Ueda, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A one-dimensional dissipative Hubbard model with two-body loss is shown to be exactly solvable. We obtain an exact eigenspectrum of a Liouvillian superoperator by employing a non-Hermitian extension of the Bethe-ansatz method. We find steady states, the Liouvillian gap, and an exceptional point that is accompanied by the divergence of the correlation length. A dissipative version of spin-charge separation induced by the quantum Zeno effect is also demonstrated. Our result presents a new class of exactly solvable Liouvillians of open quantum many-body systems, which can be tested with ultracold atoms subject to inelastic collisions.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, published version
The Skewness of the Aperture Mass Statistic
Creators: name: Jarvis, M.
name: Bernstein, G.
name: Jain, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present simple formulae for calculating the skewness and kurtosis of the aperture mass statistic for weak lensing surveys which is insensitive to masking effects of survey geometry or variable survey depth. The calculation is the higher order analog of the formula given by Schneider et al (2002) which has been used to compute the variance of the aperture mass from several lensing surveys. As our formula requires the three-point shear correlation function, we also present an efficient tree-based algorithm for measuring it. We show how our algorithm would scale in computing time and memory usage for future lensing surveys. Finally, we apply the procedure to our CTIO survey data, originally described in Jarvis et al (2003). We find that the skewness is positive (inconsistent with zero) at the 2 sigma level. However, the signal is too noisy from this data to usefully constrain cosmology.
description: 16 pages, accepted by MNRAS. Minor revisions; this replacement matches the accepted version
Numerical and analytical investigation of the face stability of shallow tunnels in cohesive-frictional soils (in Persian)
Creators: name: Jafari, Pooyan
name: Fahimifar, Ahmad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90501 Civil Geotechnical Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The face stability of shallow tunnels in cohesive-frictional soils is investigated in this paper. Using PLAXIS finite element software, the support pressure required to maintain the stability of tunnel face and the shape of active collapse of tunnel face is studied. Based on the results, a collapse mechanism based on the translational movement of rigid blocks within the framework of the upper-bound limit analysis is presented to examine the stability of tunnel face and using the optimization tools in Matlab software, an upper-bound for collapse pressure has been calculated. In order to verify the proposed mechanism, numerical modelling results are compared with analytical results. This Mechanism is presented in such a way that can consider the arching effect in tunnel face collapse. The analytical results obtained from the proposed mechanism are in good agreement with the numerical results. Additionally, the calculation speed of the analytical model is much faster than the numerical methods. The results show that the internal friction angle of the soil has a great influence on the necessary face pressure and as the internal friction angle of soil increases, the support pressure required to maintain the stability of tunnel face decreases.
The triple dipole potential applied to renormalization group theory in fluid argon near the critical temperature
Creators: name: Nimmo, III, James Franklin
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: An analytical solution for the hard sphere radial distribution function (rdf) in fluids satisfying the Carnahan-Starling equation of state has been obtained. The calculations were done without determining the parameters K and z from general mean spherical approximation (GMSA) theory directly, thus simplifying calculations. My solution is in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo data for hard-sphere fluid. Also the triple dipole potential has been applied to renormalization group theory in fluid argon. The calculated pressure is compared to the pressure obtained by experiment and mean field theory predictions for isotherms near the gas-liquid critical temperature for number densities ranging from zero to more than twice the critical density. From this work, new square-well parameters were determined.
Identifying robust features of community structure in complex networks
Creators: name: Economou, Karsten N.
name: Norman, Cassie R.
name: Gentleman, Wendy C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Network science has presented community detection as a valuable tool for revealing functional modules in complex systems rooted in the wiring architectures of complex networks. The varying procedures of community detection can produce, however, divisions of a network into communities that vary considerably in structure but are deemed to be of similar merit. This is especially problematic when the network is constructed on uncertain data, since small changes to the network's configuration can cause radically different structure to be detected. To reconcile with the ambiguity in interpreting degenerate network partitions as representations of the underlying system function, we introduce a recursive significance clustering scheme that identifies the subsets of nodes having stable joint community assignments under network perturbation. These robust node groups are referred to here as cores, and represent well-supported features of network structure as distinct from the nodes with unstable community assignments. We show that cores characterize the variability inherent to non-overlapping community structure in networks and are cohesive under temporal evolution of the network.
Margarinotus (Ptomister) sexstriatus
Creators: name: Caterino, Michael S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Histeridae
Margarinotus
Margarinotus sexstriatus

description: Margarinotus (Ptomister) sexstriatus (J. L. LeConte, 1851) (Figs. 9, 10A–B)
 Hister sexstriatus J. L. LeConte 1851: 163.
 Hister maritimus Casey 1916: 214; Ross 1937: 107. Synonym.
 Margarinotus sexstriatus (J. L. LeConte); Mazur 1997: 95.
 Margarinotus sexstriatus jacobianus (Casey); Mazur 1997: 95 (valid subspecies)
 Diagnosis. PEL= 5.61–6.98 mm; PNW= 3.99– 4.80 mm. Margarinotus sexstriatus is easily distinguished by its generally large size and three (or fewer) complete dorsal striae on the elytron (in addition to the outer subhumeral). Its outer lateral pronotal stria is generally complete, though very close to the margin, and usually, in fact, merged with the marginal in about the anterior one-fourth. The protibiae are strongly 3- or 4-dentate, the apical tooth bearing 3 spines. The median lobe of this species (Fig. 10A– B) has a distinctive trifid apical process. Unlike that of M. umbrosus and M. umbilicatus, in M. sexstriatus this is borne at the apex, rather than distinctly proximad. The median lobe is flattened and slightly elevated along the lateral edges, and the median dorsal armature is borne on a curved basal platform.
 Remarks. This species is highly varied in size and most characters of external sculpturing. Ross (1937) evaluated the status of two related Casey ‘species’, M. maritimus and M. jacobianus (as Hister spp.), synonymizing the first of these outright, but upholding the latter as a valid subspecies. Though described from only San Diego, Ross (1937) considered most populations south of the southern end of the Central Valley to belong to M. sexstriatus jacobianus. These are supposedly characterized by a more deeply incised, transverse frontal stria and by a weaker third dorsal elytral stria. Although I am skeptical of its validity, there is insufficient material available from central and southern California to warrant a definitive conclusion.
 Distribution (Fig. 9). In California M.sexstriatus has been recorded from the Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada, from the San Francisco Bay area southward. Its distribution extends east into central Arizona (Ross 1937) and probably south into Mexico, at least in Baja California (a single record from Oaxaca in mainland Mexico is doubtful; Wenzel unpublished).
description: Published as part of Caterino, Michael S., 2010, A Review of California Margarinotus Marseul (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Histerinae: Histerini), with Descriptions of Two New Species, pp. 1-12 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 64 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-64.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4892928
Simple lipids form stable higher-order structures in concentrated sulfuric acid
Creators: name: Duzdevich, Daniel
name: Nisler, Collin
name: Petkowski, Janusz J.
name: Bains, William
name: Kaminsky, Caroline K.
name: Szostak, Jack W.
name: Seager, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Venus has become a target of astrobiological interest because it is physically accessible to direct exploration, unlike exoplanets. So far this interest has been motivated not by the explicit expectation of finding life but rather by a desire to understand the limits of biology. The venusian surface is sterilizing, but the cloud deck includes regions with temperatures and pressures conventionally considered compatible with life. However, the venusian clouds are thought to consist of concentrated sulfuric acid. To determine if any fundamental features of life as we understand them here on Earth could in principle exist in these extreme solvent conditions, we tested several simple lipids for resistance to solvolysis and their ability to form structures in concentrated sulfuric acid. We find that single-chain saturated lipids with sulfate, alcohol, trimethylamine, and phosphonate head groups are resistant to sulfuric acid degradation at room temperature. Furthermore, we find that they form stable higher-order structures typically associated with lipid membranes, micelles, and vesicles. Finally, results from molecular dynamics simulations suggest a molecular explanation for the observed robustness of the lipid structures formed in concentrated sulfuric acid. We conclude with implications for the study of Venus as a target of experimental astrobiology.
description: Published in Astrobiology (2025, open access)
Newton-Hooke Limit of Beltrami-de Sitter Spacetime, Principles of Galilei-Hooke's Relativity and Postulate on Newton-Hooke Universal Time
Creators: name: Huang, Chao-Guang
name: Guo, Han-Ying
name: Tian, Yu
name: Xu, Zhan
name: Zhou, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the Beltrami-de Sitter spacetime, we present the Newton-Hooke model under the Newton-Hooke contraction of the $BdS$ spacetime with respect to the transformation group, algebra and geometry. It is shown that in Newton-Hooke space-time, there are inertial-type coordinate systems and inertial-type observers, which move along straight lines with uniform velocity. And they are invariant under the Newton-Hooke group. In order to determine uniquely the Newton-Hooke limit, we propose the Galilei-Hooke's relativity principle as well as the postulate on Newton-Hooke universal time. All results are readily extended to the Newton-Hooke model as a contraction of Beltrami-anti-de Sitter spacetime with negative cosmological constant.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures; some misprints corrected
Symbolic computation of hyperbolic tangent solutions for nonlinear differential-difference equations
Creators: name: Baldwin, Douglas
name: Goktas, Unal
name: Hereman, Willy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new algorithm is presented to find exact traveling wave solutions of differential-difference equations in terms of tanh functions. For systems with parameters, the algorithm determines the conditions on the parameters so that the equations might admit polynomial solutions in tanh. Examples illustrate the key steps of the algorithm. Parallels are drawn through discussion and example to the tanh-method for partial differential equations. The new algorithm is implemented in Mathematica. The package DDESpecialSolutions.m can be used to automatically compute traveling wave solutions of nonlinear polynomial differential-difference equations. Use of the package, implementation issues, scope, and limitations of the software are addressed.
description: 19 pages submitted to Computer Physics Communications. The software can be downloaded at http://www.mines.edu/fs_home/whereman
Analytic hypoellipticity of Keldysh operators
Creators: name: Galkowski, Jeffrey
name: Zworski, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider Keldysh-type operators, $ P = x_1 D_{x_1}^2 + a (x) D_{x_1} + Q (x, D_{x'} ) $, $ x = ( x_1, x') $ with analytic coefficients, and with $ Q ( x, D_{x'} ) $ second order, principally real and elliptic in $ D_{x'} $ for $ x $ near zero. We show that if $ P u =f $, $ u \in C^\infty $, and $ f $ is analytic in a neighbourhood of $ 0 $ then $ u $ is analytic in a neighbourhood of $ 0 $. This is a consequence of a microlocal result valid for operators of any order with Lagrangian radial sets. Our result proves a generalized version of a conjecture made by the second author and Lebeau and has applications to scattering theory.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure
title: The prevalence of Campylobacter species in human gastroenteritis: a molecular approach
Creators: name: Lawson, Andrew Jeffrey
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2000

description: A rapid extraction protocol to facilitate the recovery of bacterial DMA from faecal material for use as a template for RCR was developed. This consisted of a basic guanidine-silica extraction technique with an additional PVP/TE wash step to remove PCR inhibitors. The efficacy of the new extraction protocol in combination with Campylobacter species-specific PCR assays was demonstrated using seeded faecal material and compared favourably with detection by existing culture-based methodologies. A series of pilot studies using clinical samples were then performed; firstly a study of 25 samples of known Campylobacter status; and then a comparison of PCR assay with selective culture in a blind study of 200 samples. These experiments confirmed the effectiveness of PCR assays for the detection of Campylobacter species and consequently a major, multi-centre, investigation was undertaken. Over the course of two years, a total of 3,738 faecal samples from seven contributing centres were examined. This is the largest molecular-based survey of Campylobacter species yet undertaken. The detection rates for PCR and culture were similar and in accord in ~ 78% of C. jejuni and C. coli infections. However, a significant proportion were PCR-positive only (12%) or culture-positive only (10%). Detection rates of non-jejuni/non-coli Campylobacter spec\es were significantly higher using PCR assay and C. lari (1), C. upsaliensis (9) and C. hyointestinalis (4) were found in culture-negative faeces. The detection of C. hyointestinalis by PCR assay at an incidence of 0.13% is the highest yet recorded from human gastroenteritis.

 In a study of faeces from healthy humans, 16S rDNA amplicons originating from a previously undescribed and initially uncultivable Campylobacter species, termed 'Candidatus C. hominis’, were discovered. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA suggested a relationship between the novel species and existing anaerobic Campylobacter species. A membrane filtration technique modified for the recovery of anaerobic bacteria with a novel selective dilution and immunomagnetic separation procedure were developed and pure cultures of the bacteria from which the 'Candidatus C. hominis’ 16S rDNA sequences originated were obtained. These strains were characterised and the new species described as C. hominis sp. nov.
Quality of Life, Firm Productivity, and the Value of Amenities across Canadian Cities
Creators: name: Albouy, David
name: Leibovici, Fernando
name: Warman, Casey
name: Albouy, David
name: Leibovici, Fernando
name: Warman, Casey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Quality of life
subject: firm productivity
subject: cost of living
subject: compensating wage differentials

description: This paper presents the first hedonic general-equilibrium estimates of quality-of-life and firm productivity differences across Canadian cities, using data on local wages and housing costs. These estimates account for the unobservability of land rents and geographic differences in federal and provincial tax burdens. Qualityof- life estimates are generally higher in Canada’s larger cities: Victoria and Vancouver are the nicest overall, particularly for Anglophones, while Montreal is the nicest for Francophones. These estimates are positively correlated with estimates in the popular literature and may be predicted by differences in climate and culture. Toronto is Canada’s most productive city; Vancouver, the overall most valued city.
Walk the Line: Conflict, State Capacity and the Political Dynamics of Reform
Creators: name: Jain, Sanjay
name: Majumdar, Sumon
name: Mukand, Sharun
name: Jain, Sanjay
name: Majumdar, Sumon
name: Mukand, Sharun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Economic Reform
subject: State Capacity
subject: Politics
subject: Redistribution
subject: Compensation
subject: Ethnic Conflict

description: This paper develops a dynamic framework to analyze the political sustainability of economic reforms in developing countries. First, we demonstrate that economic reforms that are proceeding successfully may run into a political impasse, with the reform’s initial success having a negative impact on its political sustainability. Second, we demonstrate that greater state capacity to make compensatory transfers to those adversely affected by reform, need not always help the political sustainability of reform, but can also hinder it. Finally, we argue that in ethnically divided societies, economic reform may be completed not despite ethnic conflict, but because of it.
The triple dipole potential applied to renormalization group theory in fluid argon near the critical temperature
Creators: name: Nimmo, III, James Franklin
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 5106
subject: Nuclear and plasma physics

description: An analytical solution for the hard sphere radial distribution function (rdf) in fluids satisfying the Carnahan-Starling equation of state has been obtained. The calculations were done without determining the parameters K and z from general mean spherical approximation (GMSA) theory directly, thus simplifying calculations. My solution is in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo data for hard-sphere fluid. Also the triple dipole potential has been applied to renormalization group theory in fluid argon. The calculated pressure is compared to the pressure obtained by experiment and mean field theory predictions for isotherms near the gas-liquid critical temperature for number densities ranging from zero to more than twice the critical density. From this work, new square-well parameters were determined.
An In-Situ Movable Calibration Source for Cryogenic Particle Detectors
Creators: name: Mast, N.
name: Fritts, M.
name: Sincavage, D.
name: Cushman, P.
name: Mandic, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A prototype device capable of moving a radioactive calibration source to multiple positions was operated at millikelvin temperatures using a modified commercial stepper motor. It was developed as an in-situ calibration strategy for cryogenic dark matter detectors. Data taken by scanning a calibration source across multiple radial positions of a prototype dark matter detector demonstrated its functionality. Construction, heat load, and operation of the device are discussed, as is the effect of the motor on the detector operation. A sample dataset taken over multiple positions of a SuperCDMS detector is presented as an example of the utility of such a device.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Sparse-Grids and Statistical-Learning Methods in Economics
Creators: name: Valero, Rafael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: smolyak grid
projection methods
synthetic control methods
unemployment
macroeconomics
counterfactual
curser of dimensionality

description: Slides for Rafael Valero. (2017). Essays on Sparse-Grids and Statistical-Learning Methods in Economics [Zenodo]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5831960
description: {"references": ["Rafael Valero. (2017). Essays on Sparse-Grids and Statistical-Learning Methods in Economics [Zenodo]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5831960", "Valero-Fernandez, Rafael. (2017). Effects from the implementation of the European Road Safety Action Program using Synthetic Control Methods and Interactive Effects using Counterfactual Approaches. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5830821", "Rafael Valero Fern\u00e1ndez. (2017). Synthetic Control Statistical Learning (v1.0.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5830838", "Valero, R. (2015). Synthetic control method versus standard statistic techniques a comparison for labor market reforms. https:10.13140/RG.2.1.1301.4486"]}
United States military assistance in the Reagan administration: Political processes and policy outputs
Creators: name: O'Connor, Daniel Boyd
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This study examines two questions. Why was the Reagan Administration so successful in increasing military assistance in its first term and less successful in its second term? How did the executive branch and Congress make decisions regarding military assistance and how did this influence resource allocations?; The Administration's successes in the first term in increasing the military aid budget can be attributed to: its consistent, high priority, approach toward security assistance requests, including the placement of competent officials to direct the program; weak leadership on the House Foreign Operations Subcommittee; Republican control of the Senate; and the breakdown of the legislative process for handling foreign assistance (and other) legislation. Four supporting factors also played an important role in Reagan's first-term success: the results of the 1980 and 1984 elections, the low-cost nature of FMS loan guarantees, diffuse views of members of Congress on the subject of military aid, and the advantage that the executive branch generally enjoys over the legislature in the area of foreign policy. The primary reasons for the Administration's lack of second term success in increasing or even maintaining the overall level of resources and country programs were: budgetary pressures and the increasing urgency of reducing the budget deficit, more vigorous leadership in the House Foreign Operations Subcommittee, the loss of the Senate to the Democrats following the 1986 elections, and a thaw in superpower relations following the ascension of Mikhail Gorbachev to power in 1985. This study also reveals some of the difficulties of using foreign assistance to support foreign policy priorities. As a tool of foreign policy, military assistance suffers from (among other things) the following: difficulty in reacting to sudden developments, problems in the prioritization of recipients, and fostering unrealistic expectations among aid recipients. The Reagan approach damaged the foreign policy authorizing committees in Congress. The result of the authorization process breakdown was the emergence of a somewhat new legislative approach to managing foreign assistance in which the appropriations bills carried the policy provisions normally found in authorizing bills. That legacy remained long after the Reagan Administration had left office.
title: Regulation of the human α globin gene cluster in transgenic mice
Creators: name: Sharpe, Jacqueline Ann
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2001

description: Our understanding of ɑ and ß globin gene regulation has been advanced by the development of transgenic mouse technology. Major regulatory elements of both gene clusters have been identified. Extensive studies have shown that the genes, although co-ordinately expressed, differ in their regulation.
 Transgenic mice containing the ß locus control region (ßLCR) and the ß globin genes produce high level, developmentally regulated, copy number dependent expression of the genes. High level a globin gene expression can also be achieved in mice containing the α globin regulatory element, HS-40 and the α genes. However, expression levels are lower than the endogenous mouse α genes, are developmentally unstable and are copy number independent, implying that further regulatory sequences are necessary for full regulation of the cluster.
 The aim of this project was to identify potentially important regions in the a globin gene cluster. Mice, transgenic for a 145kb DMA fragment spanning the cluster showed higher expression levels in adults than in those previously studied. Although expression levels were developmentally stable and correlated with copy number, they did not reach those reported for ßLCRɑ constructs. A ßLCRɑ construct was examined. The results suggested that there were still unidentified regulatory elements to be found.
 A natural deletion which down regulated an intact α gene in vivo provided an indication as to where some of these sequences may lie. Analysis of the deleted fragment in transgenic mice implied that it might act to block the negative regulatory influence of an Alu dense region lying downstream, and hence, may have identified the 3’ end of a putative a globin domain'.
United States military assistance in the Reagan administration: Political processes and policy outputs
Creators: name: O'Connor, Daniel Boyd
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study examines two questions. Why was the Reagan Administration so successful in increasing military assistance in its first term and less successful in its second term? How did the executive branch and Congress make decisions regarding military assistance and how did this influence resource allocations?; The Administration's successes in the first term in increasing the military aid budget can be attributed to: its consistent, high priority, approach toward security assistance requests, including the placement of competent officials to direct the program; weak leadership on the House Foreign Operations Subcommittee; Republican control of the Senate; and the breakdown of the legislative process for handling foreign assistance (and other) legislation. Four supporting factors also played an important role in Reagan's first-term success: the results of the 1980 and 1984 elections, the low-cost nature of FMS loan guarantees, diffuse views of members of Congress on the subject of military aid, and the advantage that the executive branch generally enjoys over the legislature in the area of foreign policy. The primary reasons for the Administration's lack of second term success in increasing or even maintaining the overall level of resources and country programs were: budgetary pressures and the increasing urgency of reducing the budget deficit, more vigorous leadership in the House Foreign Operations Subcommittee, the loss of the Senate to the Democrats following the 1986 elections, and a thaw in superpower relations following the ascension of Mikhail Gorbachev to power in 1985. This study also reveals some of the difficulties of using foreign assistance to support foreign policy priorities. As a tool of foreign policy, military assistance suffers from (among other things) the following: difficulty in reacting to sudden developments, problems in the prioritization of recipients, and fostering unrealistic expectations among aid recipients. The Reagan approach damaged the foreign policy authorizing committees in Congress. The result of the authorization process breakdown was the emergence of a somewhat new legislative approach to managing foreign assistance in which the appropriations bills carried the policy provisions normally found in authorizing bills. That legacy remained long after the Reagan Administration had left office.
Information, Commitment, and Separation in Illiquid Housing Markets
Creators: name: Stacey, Derek G.
name: Stacey, Derek G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Housing
subject: Search
subject: Liquidity
subject: Real Estate Agents

description: I propose a model of the housing market using a search framework with asymmetric information in which sellers are unable to commit to asking prices announced ex ante. Relaxing the commitment assumption prevents sellers from using price posting as a signalling device to direct buyers’ search. Adverse selection and inefficient entry on the demand side then contribute to housing market illiquidity. Real estate agents that can improve the expected quality of a match can segment the market and alleviate information frictions. Even if one endorses the view that real estate agents provide no technological advantage in the matching process, incentive compatible listing contracts are implementable as long as housing is not already sufficiently liquid. The theoretical implications are qualitatively consistent with the empirical observations of real estate brokerage: platform differentiation, endogenous sorting, and listing contract features that reinforce incentive compatibility.
On Unique Predictions for Single Spin Azimuthal Asymmetry
Creators: name: Ma, J. P.
name: Wang, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretically there are two approaches to predict single spin azimuthal asymmetries. One is to take transverse momenta of partons into account by using transverse momentum dependent parton distributions, while another is to take asymmetries as a twist-3 effect. The nonperturbative effects in these approaches are parameterized with different matrix elements and predictions can be different. Recently, gauge invariant definitions of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions were derived. With these definitions it can be shown that there are relations between nonperturbative matrix elements in two approaches. These relations may enable us to unify two approaches and to have unique predictions for single spin azimuthal asymmetries.In this letter we derive these relations by using time-reversal symmetry and show that even with these relations the single spin azimuthal asymmetry in Drell-Yan process is predicted differently in different approaches.
description: Improved representation
Entropy waves, the zig-zag graph product, and new constant-degree
Creators: name: Reingold, Omer
name: Vadhan, Salil
name: Wigderson, Avi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The main contribution of this work is a new type of graph product, which we call the {\it zig-zag product}. Taking a product of a large graph with a small graph, the resulting graph inherits (roughly) its size from the large one, its degree from the small one, and its expansion properties from both! Iteration yields simple explicit constructions of constant-degree expanders of arbitrary size, starting from one constant-size expander. Crucial to our intuition (and simple analysis) of the properties of this graph product is the view of expanders as functions which act as ``entropy wave" propagators -- they transform probability distributions in which entropy is concentrated in one area to distributions where that concentration is dissipated. In these terms, the graph products affords the constructive interference of two such waves. Subsequent work [ALW01], [MW01] relates the zig-zag product of graphs to the standard semidirect product of groups, leading to new results and constructions on expanding Cayley graphs.
description: 31 pages, published version
Sensitivity to invisible Higgs boson decays at CLIC
Creators: name: Mekala, Krzysztof
name: Zarnecki, Aleksander Filip
name: Grzadkowski, Bohdan
name: Iglicki, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the possibility of measuring invisible Higgs boson decays at CLIC running at 380 GeV and 1.5 TeV. The analysis is based on the WHIZARD event generation and fast simulation of the CLIC detector response with DELPHES. We considered $e^+e^-$ background processes but also relevant $γγ$ and $γe^\pm$ interactions. The approach consisting of a two step analysis was used to optimize separation between signal and background processes. First, a set of preselection cuts was applied; then, multivariate analysis methods were employed to optimise the significance of observations. We estimated the expected limits on the invisible decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, as well as the cross section limits for production of an additional neutral Higgs-like scalar, assuming its invisible decays, as a function of its mass. Extracted model-independent branching ratio and cross section limits were then interpreted in the framework of the vector-fermion dark matter model to set limits on the mixing angle between the SM-like Higss boson and the new scalar of the "dark sector".
description: Talk presented at the International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS2019), Sendai, Japan, 28 October-1 November, 2019. C19-10-28 (v1). Updated version prepared for journal publication (v2)
Chandra/HETGS Spectroscopy of the Galactic Black Hole GX 339-4: A Relativistic Iron Line and Evidence for a Seyfert-like Warm Absorber
Creators: name: Miller, J. M.
name: Raymond, J.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Homan, J.
name: Nowak, M. A.
name: Wijnands, R.
name: van der Klis, M.
name: Belloni, T.
name: Tomsick, J. A.
name: Smith, D. M.
name: Charles, P. A.
name: Lewin, W. H. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed the Galactic black hole GX 339-4 with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) for 75 ksec during the decline of its 2002-2003 outburst. The sensitivity of this observation provides an unprecedented glimpse of a Galactic black hole at about a tenth of the luminosity of the outburst peak. The continuum spectrum is well described by a model consisting of multicolor disk blackbody (kT = 0.6 keV) and power-law (Gamma = 2.5) components. X-ray reflection models yield improved fits. A strong, relativistic Fe K-alpha emission line is revealed, indicating that the inner disk extends to the innermost stable circular orbit. The breadth of the line is sufficient to suggest that GX 339-4 may harbor a black hole with significant angular momentum. Absorption lines from H-like and He-like O, and He-like Ne and Mg are detected, as well as lines which are likely due to Ne II and Ne III. The measured line properties make it difficult to associate the absorption with the coronal phase of the interstellar medium. A scenario wherein the absorption lines are due to an intrinsic AGN-like warm-absorber geometry -- perhaps produced by a disk wind in an extended disk-dominated state -- may be more viable. We compare our results to Chandra observations of the Galactic black hole candidate XTE J1650-500, and discuss our findings in terms of prominent models for Galactic black hole accretion flows and connections to supermassive black holes.
description: 20 pages, 11 postscript figure files (many in color), uses emulateapj.sty and apjfonts.sty, slightly expanded, accepted for publication in ApJ
Wrestling with the angel: The struggle of Roman Catholic clergy, physicians, and believers with the rise of medical practice, 1807-1940
Creators: name: Ryan, Joseph Glennon Pierce
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study explores the role of Catholicism in shaping American medical practice from 1807 to 1940. Catholics interacted with American society against the background of deeply held beliefs in marriage, procreation, and salvation. The gradual adoption of epigenisis by the Church, and the assumption that human life began at the moment of conception, challenged existing beliefs on the nature of human identity. A Catholic belief that life had absolute value shaped an emerging ideal of scientific medicine whose goal was the preservation of all life. Five chapters on childbirth dilemmas reveal the struggle of physicians to achieve this new ideal. Catholicism shaped a cesarean debate among physicians and the search for alternatives to craniotomy, or therapeutic abortion. Catholic beliefs on human identity also shaped opposition to abortion from 1834 to 1871. The Church promoted dissection and surgical education to promote lifesaving operations. However, outmoded concepts of disease hampered the search to cure women's disease and prevent reported abortions. From 1865 to 1940, the Church goaded physicians toward the ideal of life saving operations. The effort revealed a reciprocal process of change that shaped and reshaped Catholicism and the culture of medicine. The Church's ideal awaited a one-hundred year learning curve in surgical education. By 1940, new questions arose for women, physicians, and the Catholic hierarchy who faced the issues posed by childbirth intervention. However, the ideas that emerged from these early debates continue to shape debates over the medical dilemmas of the present day.
A Rapid Review of Remote Post-partum Monitoring of Pregnant Women with de Novo Hypertensive Disease of Pregnancy: Study Protocol
Creators: name: Awoyemi, Toluwalase
name: Ebili, Ujunwa
name: Teeri, Samira
name: Daniel, Emmanuel
name: Ogunmola, Isaac
name: Olojakpoke, Eloho
name: Nunes, Denise
Publisher: name: Prism. Galter Health Sciences Library. Northwestern University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Women's Health
subject: Hypertension
subject: Preeclampsia
subject: Reproductive Health
subject: Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
subject: Pre-Eclampsia

description: Blood pressure control during pregnancy has received a lot of attention, especially in terms of pregnancy outcomes. However, it is acknowledged that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy can persist in the postpartum period and that complications requiring ER visits or hospital readmission can occur during this time. A Cochrane Review (2013) examines the "prevention and treatment of postpartum hypertension." This only includes nine randomized controlled trials and does not address the issue of blood pressure monitoring during this time. Another review published in 2017 looks at the efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions, other interventions, and various care models for postpartum hypertension management. Thirty-nine studies were included in this review, and the review addressed the use of antihypertensives to manage postpartum hypertension better; however, the type of visit was not addressed (in-person vs. remote monitoring). Given the scarcity of evidence in this area, we believe a review of all available evidence for the non-inferiority of remote health monitoring vs. in-person visit in preventing ER visits and hospital readmission among patients with de novo hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the postpartum period are warranted.
Wrestling with the angel: The struggle of Roman Catholic clergy, physicians, and believers with the rise of medical practice, 1807-1940
Creators: name: Ryan, Joseph Glennon Pierce
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 43
subject: History, heritage and archaeology
classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies

description: This study explores the role of Catholicism in shaping American medical practice from 1807 to 1940. Catholics interacted with American society against the background of deeply held beliefs in marriage, procreation, and salvation. The gradual adoption of epigenisis by the Church, and the assumption that human life began at the moment of conception, challenged existing beliefs on the nature of human identity. A Catholic belief that life had absolute value shaped an emerging ideal of scientific medicine whose goal was the preservation of all life. Five chapters on childbirth dilemmas reveal the struggle of physicians to achieve this new ideal. Catholicism shaped a cesarean debate among physicians and the search for alternatives to craniotomy, or therapeutic abortion. Catholic beliefs on human identity also shaped opposition to abortion from 1834 to 1871. The Church promoted dissection and surgical education to promote lifesaving operations. However, outmoded concepts of disease hampered the search to cure women's disease and prevent reported abortions. From 1865 to 1940, the Church goaded physicians toward the ideal of life saving operations. The effort revealed a reciprocal process of change that shaped and reshaped Catholicism and the culture of medicine. The Church's ideal awaited a one-hundred year learning curve in surgical education. By 1940, new questions arose for women, physicians, and the Catholic hierarchy who faced the issues posed by childbirth intervention. However, the ideas that emerged from these early debates continue to shape debates over the medical dilemmas of the present day.
Primed irrational beliefs of formerly depressed and never depressed individuals
Creators: name: Solomon, Ari
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology
classificationCode: 5205
subject: Social and personality psychology

description: The Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) theory of depression proposes that recurrent major depressive episodes are mediated by persistent, trait-like irrationality about aversive life circumstances. However, recent research has found an excess of irrational beliefs in individuals with major depression only during--not between--major depressive episodes, suggesting that excess irrationality is a noncausal correlate of the episodes. Two explanations for the absence of interepisode irrational beliefs among recovered-depressed individuals could preserve the core of the REBT theory: First, perhaps excess irrationality among such individuals becomes latent between depressive episodes, and is reactivated only when or if circumstances again conflict with the individual's fundamental goals in life. Second, perhaps only individuals with a history of recurrent depressive episodes are characterized by trait-like irrationality; single-episode major depression may be more heterogeneous with regard to presence or absence of an underlying, trait-like vulnerability. These possibilities were tested by measuring the primed and unprimed irrational beliefs of 25 recovered-depressed (RD) individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of major depressive disorder (based on a DSM-IV structured clinical interview), and 25 never-depressed (ND) individuals. The RD and ND groups did not differ in mean irrationality at baseline; while imagining general negative events; or while imagining events that represented a thwarting of personal, fundamental goals. But consistent with latent trait-like irrationality, RD participants did exhibit a unique direct correlation between irrational beliefs and baseline negative mood. Furthermore, RD participants with a history of three or more major depressive episodes exhibited uniquely elevated irrational beliefs at baseline. Recommendations for future research include more intense, idiographic stimuli to simulate the thwarting of "fundamental goals"; measurement of primed irrational beliefs prior to initial mood episode; and exploration of alternative causal pathways for the observed association between history of repeated depressive episodes and irrational beliefs.
Making the case for investing on girls: linking family planning programs, girl's education, and women's economic empowerment
Creators: name: Chen, Ho
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: public health
subject: girl's education
subject: Reproductive Health
subject: Women
subject: Educational Status
subject: Income
subject: Employment
subject: Women's Rights
subject: Fertility

description: A Northwestern University Capstone Project
description: Much literature has explored the topic of integrating the reproductive health, educational attainment, and economic enhancement components of women empowerment; however a majority of this work has considered both economic enhancement and improved reproductive health to be a result of increased womens education level. This study sets out to test analternative model in which improved reproductive health leads to higher educational level among women, and additional education for women results in better womens economic performance. Using cross-country population data from 1995 through 2015 derived from the UNDP and World Bank Databank, linear regression models were first used to estimate womens educational level from their reproductive health indicators. Linear regression models were then used to study the impact of womens education level on their income level, labor force participation, and unemployment, adjusting for gender inequalities and reproductive health conditions. The analyses showed that total fertility rate has a more significant impact on women's educational attainment than adolescent birth rate or maternal mortality rate, and that increases in women's education significantly improve women's income level and labor force participation only in lowand upper-middle income economies while having minor effects on unemployment rates or all economic enhancement components in lower-middle income economies. This study indicates that further focus be given to reducing fertility through family planning and improving gender equality contexts in education in the developing world, and suggests that future studies examine whether the observed trends of education-labor participation and education-income associationsare related to the U-shaped curve of female labor participation with economic development.