cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum reinforcement learning
Creators: name: Dong, Daoyi
name: Chen, Chunlin
name: Li, Hanxiong
name: Tarn, Tzyh-Jong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The key approaches for machine learning, especially learning in unknown probabilistic environments are new representations and computation mechanisms. In this paper, a novel quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) method is proposed by combining quantum theory and reinforcement learning (RL). Inspired by the state superposition principle and quantum parallelism, a framework of value updating algorithm is introduced. The state (action) in traditional RL is identified as the eigen state (eigen action) in QRL. The state (action) set can be represented with a quantum superposition state and the eigen state (eigen action) can be obtained by randomly observing the simulated quantum state according to the collapse postulate of quantum measurement. The probability of the eigen action is determined by the probability amplitude, which is parallelly updated according to rewards. Some related characteristics of QRL such as convergence, optimality and balancing between exploration and exploitation are also analyzed, which shows that this approach makes a good tradeoff between exploration and exploitation using the probability amplitude and can speed up learning through the quantum parallelism. To evaluate the performance and practicability of QRL, several simulated experiments are given and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of QRL algorithm for some complex problems. The present work is also an effective exploration on the application of quantum computation to artificial intelligence.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, Latex
The Living Application: a Self-Organising System for Complex Grid Tasks
Creators: name: Groen, D.
name: Harfst, S.
name: Zwart, S. Portegies
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: C.2.4

description: We present the living application, a method to autonomously manage applications on the grid. During its execution on the grid, the living application makes choices on the resources to use in order to complete its tasks. These choices can be based on the internal state, or on autonomously acquired knowledge from external sensors. By giving limited user capabilities to a living application, the living application is able to port itself from one resource topology to another. The application performs these actions at run-time without depending on users or external workflow tools. We demonstrate this new concept in a special case of a living application: the living simulation. Today, many simulations require a wide range of numerical solvers and run most efficiently if specialized nodes are matched to the solvers. The idea of the living simulation is that it decides itself which grid machines to use based on the numerical solver currently in use. In this paper we apply the living simulation to modelling the collision between two galaxies in a test setup with two specialized computers. This simulation switces at run-time between a GPU-enabled computer in the Netherlands and a GRAPE-enabled machine that resides in the United States, using an oct-tree N-body code whenever it runs in the Netherlands and a direct N-body solver in the United States.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures, accepted by IJHPCA
Magnetically Induced Anisotropies in the Arrival Directions of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays from Nearby Radio Galaxies
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Cainã
name: de Souza, Vitor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed simulations of the arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays are performed under the assumption of strong and structured extragalactic magnetic field (EGMF) models. Particles leaving Centaurus A, Virgo A, and Fornax A are propagated to Earth, and the simulated anisotropic signal is compared to the dipole and hotspots published by the Pierre Auger and Telescope Array Collaborations. The dominance of the EGMF structure on the arrival directions of events generated in local sources is shown. The absence of events from the Virgo A direction is related to the strong deviation caused by the EGMF. Evidence that these three sources contribute to an excess of events in the direction of the three detected hotspots is presented. Under the EGMF considered here, M82 is shown to have no contribution to the hotspot measured by the Telescope Array Observatory.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Stability of Monitoring Weak Changes in Multiply Scattering Media with Ambient Noise Correlation: Laboratory Experiments
Creators: name: Hadziioannou, Céline
name: Larose, Eric
name: Coutant, Olivier
name: Roux, Philippe
name: Campillo, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies have shown that small changes can be monitored in a scattering medium by observing phase shifts in the coda. Passive monitoring of weak changes through ambient noise correlation has already been applied to seismology, acoustics and engineering. Usually, this is done under the assumption that a properly reconstructed Green function as well as stable background noise sources are necessary. In order to further develop this monitoring technique, a laboratory experiment was performed in the 2.5MHz range in a gel with scattering inclusions, comparing an active (pulse-echo) form of monitoring to a passive (correlation) one. Present results show that temperature changes in the medium can be observed even if the Green function (GF) of the medium is not reconstructed. Moreover, this article establishes that the GF reconstruction in the correlations is not a necessary condition: the only condition to monitoring with correlation (passive experiment) is the relative stability of the background noise structure.
Predicting Bandwidth Utilization on Network Links Using Machine Learning
Creators: name: Labonne, Maxime
name: Chatzinakis, Charalampos
name: Olivereau, Alexis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predicting the bandwidth utilization on network links can be extremely useful for detecting congestion in order to correct them before they occur. In this paper, we present a solution to predict the bandwidth utilization between different network links with a very high accuracy. A simulated network is created to collect data related to the performance of the network links on every interface. These data are processed and expanded with feature engineering in order to create a training set. We evaluate and compare three types of machine learning algorithms, namely ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average), MLP (Multi Layer Perceptron) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), in order to predict the future bandwidth consumption. The LSTM outperforms ARIMA and MLP with very accurate predictions, rarely exceeding a 3\% error (40\% for ARIMA and 20\% for the MLP). We then show that the proposed solution can be used in real time with a reaction managed by a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) platform.
4H-Silicon Carbide as particle detector for high-intensity ion beams
Creators: name: Christanell, Manuel
name: Tomaschek, Maximilian
name: Bergauer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In ion cancer therapy, high-intensity ion beams are used to treat tumors by taking advantage of the Bragg-Peak. Typical ion therapy centers use particle rates up to $10^{10}$ ions/second for treatment. On the other hand, such intensities are often too high when using these beamlines for particle physics experiments or as a test-beam environment in general. The project presented here aims to develop a beam position and intensity monitor, to cover a wide intensity range from a few Hz up to GHz rates, as used in clinical settings. Silicon carbide (SiC) is an attractive detector material for this application because it combines potential high radiation hardness with high thermal conductivity to avoid cooling. Moreover, its high electron saturation velocity allows very fast signals to mitigate pile-ups. However, some special properties of the material like different crystal polytypes have to be considered. In this paper, measurements on both a pad and a micro-strip SiC sensor prototype of 4H lattice geometry are shown. The sensors were tested in the laboratory using radioactive sources and with a proton beam in a wide intensity range (kHz-GHz) and with different energies (60-800 MeV) available at MedAustron, an ion cancer therapy center located in Austria. The measurements show that MIP particles cannot be detected reliably with the used discrete electronics setup in combination with the single-channel sensor. However, the strip sensor combined with an ASIC-based readout electronics from the CMS/Belle-II experiments allows to recover a certain part of the signal. This makes it possible to determine the ionization energy and average number of electron/hole pairs generated in the studied sensor samples.
description: proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Radiation Imaging Detectors iWorid
An Evolutionary Squeaky Wheel Optimisation Approach to Personnel Scheduling
Creators: name: Aickelin, Uwe
name: Li, Jingpeng
name: Burke, Edmund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The quest for robust heuristics that are able to solve more than one problem is ongoing. In this paper, we present, discuss and analyse a technique called Evolutionary Squeaky Wheel Optimisation and apply it to two different personnel scheduling problems. Evolutionary Squeaky Wheel Optimisation improves the original Squeaky Wheel Optimisation's effectiveness and execution speed by incorporating two extra steps (Selection and Mutation) for added evolution. In the Evolutionary Squeaky Wheel Optimisation, a cycle of Analysis-Selection-Mutation-Prioritization-Construction continues until stopping conditions are reached. The aim of the Analysis step is to identify below average solution components by calculating a fitness value for all components. The Selection step then chooses amongst these underperformers and discards some probabilistically based on fitness. The Mutation step further discards a few components at random. Solutions can become incomplete and thus repairs may be required. The repairs are carried out by using the Prioritization to first produce priorities that determine an order by which the following Construction step then schedules the remaining components. Therefore, improvement in the Evolutionary Squeaky Wheel Optimisation is achieved by selective solution disruption mixed with interative improvement and constructive repair. Strong experimental results are reported on two different domains of personnel scheduling: bus and rail driver scheduling and hospital nurse scheduling.
description: 21 pages, 5 tables, 1 figure, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Additional file 1 of A Bayesian multivariate hierarchical model for developing a treatment benefit index using mixed types of outcomes
Creators: name: Wu, Danni
name: Goldfeld, Keith S.
name: Petkova, Eva
name: Park, Hyung G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Temporal transcriptome change of Oncomelania hupensis revealed by Schistosoma japonicum invasion
Creators: name: Feng, Xinyu
name: Zhu, Lingqian
name: Qin, Zhiqiang
name: Mo, Xiaojin
name: Hao, Yuwan
name: Jiang, Ying
name: Hu, Wei
name: Li, Shizhu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Unigene-specific primers used in qRT-PCR validation.
The School Lunch Program and Agricultural Surplus Disposal
Creators: name: Southworth, H. M.
name: Klayman, M. I.
name: Southworth, H. M.
name: Klayman, M. I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1941
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report: The supplying of surplus foods through the Surplus Marketing Administration is the primary concern of this report. Against a background discussion of the school-lunch movement in terms of nutritional need among children in the United States and previous experience with school feeding both here and abroad, it describes the S. M. A. program in operation, with emphasis upon its integration with the activities both of W. P. A. and of the other agencies and organizations, public and private, local, State, and national, that are active in school-lunch work, and attempts an evaluation of the program both as agricultural policy and as a contribution to child welfare. Does the School Lunch Program of the Surplus Marketing Administration help farmers? For it has been undertaken, after all, as a part of our agricultural policy. Has it significantly attacked the problem of child malnutrition? For that is certainly no less important an aim. What problems have been raised by its operation; and what modifications might adapt it better to either or both of its objectives? What are its potentialities; and what place should it have in the years ahead? These are the kind of questions to which this report addresses itself.
Modelling of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in the Czech Transmission Grid
Creators: name: Švanda, Michal
name: Smičková, Anna
name: Výbošťoková, Tatiana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the maximum expected magnitudes of the geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in the Czech transmission power network. We compute a model utilising the Lehtinen-Pirjola method, considering the plane-wave model of the geoelectric field, and using the transmission network parameters kindly provided by the operator. We find that the maximum amplitudes expected in the nodes of the Czech transmission grid during the Halloween storm-like event are about 15 A. For the "extreme-storm" conditions with a 1-V/km geoelectric field, the expected maxima do not exceed 40 A. We speculate that the recently proven statistical correlation between the increased geomagnetic activity and anomaly rate in the power grid may be due to the repeated exposure of the devices to the low-amplitude GICs.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Earth, Planets and Space
title: Development and Validation of the “Tübingen Inventory to Measure Teachers’ Profession-Specific Value Orientations” (TIVO)
Creators: name: Merk, Samuel
name: Drahmann, Martin
name: Cramer, Colin
Publisher: name: Publikationsserver der Pädagogischen Hochschule Thurgau
Year: 2021
Subjects: teachers’ values
assessing values
teacher education
moral dimension of teaching

description: Broadly understood, values represent orientation guidelines for daily action, thinking, and feeling. Thus, they affect teachers’ everyday work and are among their professional competencies. While general values and some single profession-specific values of teachers (e.g., responsibility) have already been investigated empirically, the current study aims to cover a broader range of profession-specific values by developing and validating the Tübingen Inventory to Measure Teachers’ Profession-Specific Value Orientations (TIVO), based on three independent studies with pre-service (Studies 1 and 2; N1 = 334, N2 = 239) and in-service teachers (N3 = 308). The results demonstrate that the TIVO is appropriate to assess four profession-specific values in a second-order model: caring, justice, responsibility, and truthfulness as first-order factors, with fairness as a second-order factor loading on the latter three first-order factors. The results from preregistered experiments and confirmatory factor analysis provide consistent evidence for the construct validity of the TIVO.
description: AERA Open, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1
Supplementary Text and Figures from What makes a megaplasmid?
Creators: name: Hall, James P. J.
name: Botelho, João
name: Cazares, Adrian
name: Baltrus, David A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: PDF containing supplementary text and Figures S1-S5.
A perfect storm in fertilizer markets
Creators: name: Beghin, John C.
name: Nogueira, Lia
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Nogueira, Lia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Fertilizer prices
subject: Surge
subject: Volatility
subject: Supply disruptions
subject: Trade policy
subject: Anti-dumping

description: This briefing note reviews the recent surge in world and US fertilizer prices and its causes, from Worldwide supply disruptions, strong demand, various policies exacerbating the surge and changing trade patterns, and transportation and logistics issues.
Unsupervised bayesian convex deconvolution based on a field with an explicit partition function
Creators: name: Giovannelli, Jean-Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a non-Gaussian Markov field with a special feature: an explicit partition function. To the best of our knowledge, this is an original contribution. Moreover, the explicit expression of the partition function enables the development of an unsupervised edge-preserving convex deconvolution method. The method is fully Bayesian, and produces an estimate in the sense of the posterior mean, numerically calculated by means of a Monte-Carlo Markov Chain technique. The approach is particularly effective and the computational practicability of the method is shown on a simple simulated example.
Software Metrics Evaluation Based on Entropy
Creators: name: Selvarani, R.
name: Nair, T. R. Gopalakrishnan
name: Ramachandran, Muthu
name: Prasad, Kamakshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software engineering activities in the Industry has come a long way with various improve- ments brought in various stages of the software development life cycle. The complexity of modern software, the commercial constraints and the expectation for high quality products demand the accurate fault prediction based on OO design metrics in the class level in the early stages of software development. The object oriented class metrics are used as quality predictors in the entire OO software development life cycle even when a highly iterative, incremental model or agile software process is employed. Recent research has shown some of the OO design metrics are useful for predicting fault-proneness of classes. In this paper the empirical validation of a set of metrics proposed by Chidamber and Kemerer is performed to assess their ability in predicting the software quality in terms of fault proneness and degradation. We have also proposed the design complexity of object-oriented software with Weighted Methods per Class metric (WMC-CK metric) expressed in terms of Shannon entropy, and error proneness.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Critical exponents from cluster coefficients
Creators: name: Rotman, Z.
name: Eisenberg, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a large class of repulsive interaction models, the Mayer cluster integrals can be transformed into a tridiagonal real symmetric matrix $R_{mn}$, whose elements converge to two constants. This allows for an effective extrapolation of the equation of state for these models. Due to a nearby (nonphysical) singularity on the negative real z axis, standard methods (e.g. Padè approximants based on the cluster integrals expansion) fail to capture the behavior of these models near the ordering transition, and, in particular, do not detect the critical point. A recent work (Eisenberg and Baram, PNAS {\bf 104}, 5755 (2007)) has shown that the critical exponents $σ$ and $σ'$, characterizing the singularity of the density as a function of the activity, can be exactly calculated if the decay of the $R$ matrix elements to their asymptotic constant follows a $1/n^2$ law. Here we employ renormalization arguments to extend this result and analyze cases for which the asymptotic approach of the $R$ matrix elements towards their limiting value is of a more general form. The relevant asymptotic correction terms (in RG sense) are identified and we then provide a corrected exact formula for the critical exponents. We identify the limits of usage of the formula, and demonstrate one physical model which is beyond its range of validity. The new formula is validated numerically and then applied to analyze a number of concrete physical models.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PRE
Additional file 1 of A feasibility trial of olanzapine for young people with Anorexia Nervosa (OPEN): clinicians’ perspectives
Creators: name: Kellermann, Vanessa
name: Sengun Filiz, Ece
name: Said, Olena
name: Bentley, Jessica
name: Khor, Joel W.T.
name: Simic, Mima
name: Nicholls, Dasha
name: Treasure, Janet
name: Schmidt, Ulrike
name: Himmerich, Hubertus
name: Lawrence, Vanessa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Capability of the PAMELA Time-Of-Flight to identify light nuclei: results from a beam test calibration
Creators: name: Campana, D.
name: Carbone, R.
name: De Rosa, G.
name: Osteria, G.
name: Russo, S.
name: Menn, W.
name: Malvezzi, V.
name: Marcelli, L.
name: Picozza, P.
name: Sparvoli, R.
name: Bonechi, L.
name: Bongi, M.
name: Ricciarini, S.
name: Vannuccini, E.
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PAMELA is a space telescope orbiting around the Earth since June 2006. The scientific objectives addressed by the mission are the measurement of the antiprotons and positrons spectra in cosmic rays, the hunt for anti-nuclei as well as the determination of light nuclei fluxes from Hydrogen to Oxygen in a wide energy range and with very high statistics. In this paper the charge discrimination capabilities of the PAMELA Time-Of-Flight system for light nuclei, determined during a beam test calibration, will be presented.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures, accepted for pubblication in NIMA
Additional file 1 of Exploring early- and mid-career academic work wellbeing challenges through a diversity and inclusion lens
Creators: name: Piano, Marianne
name: Jarden, Rebecca J.
name: Hastings-Ison, Tandy
name: Lawford, Belinda J.
name: Diemer, Kristin
name: Hui, Flora
name: Kefalianos, Elaina
name: McKibbin, Gemma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Cosmological Particle Production: A Review
Creators: name: Ford, L. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article will review quantum particle creation in expanding universes. The emphasis will be on the basic physical principles and on selected applications to cosmological models. The needed formalism of quantum field theory in curved spacetime will be summarized, and applied to the example of scalar particle creation in a spatially flat universe. Estimates for the creation rate will be given and applied to inflationary cosmology models. Analog models which illustrate the same physical principles and may be experimentally realizable are also discussed.
description: 28 pages, 3 figures, contains some material adapted from arXiv:gr-qc/9707062
Quantum complementarity and logical indeterminacy
Creators: name: Brukner, Caslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whenever a mathematical proposition to be proved requires more information than it is contained in an axiomatic system, it can neither be proved nor disproved, i.e. it is undecidable, or logically undetermined, within this axiomatic system. I will show that certain mathematical propositions on a d-valent function of a binary argument can be encoded in d-dimensional quantum states of mutually unbiased basis (MUB) sets, and truth values of the propositions can be tested in MUB measurements. I will then show that a proposition is undecidable within the system of axioms encoded in the state, if and only if the measurement associated with the proposition gives completely random outcomes.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, printed version
Results on the normality of square-free monomial ideals and cover ideals under some graph operations
Creators: name: Al-Ayyoub, Ibrahim
name: Nasernejad, Mehrdad
name: Khashyarmanesh, Kazem
name: Roberts, Leslie G.
name: Quiñonez, Veronica Crispin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13B25, 13B22, 13F20, 05C25, 05E40

description: In this paper, we introduce techniques for producing normal square-free monomial ideals from old such ideals. These techniques are then used to investigate the normality of cover ideals under some graph operations. Square-free monomial ideals that come out as linear combinations of two normal ideals are shown to be not necessarily normal; under such a case we investigate the integral closedness of all powers of these ideals.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures; pre-published version
title: Exploring Experiences of Gender Euphoria for Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals
Creators: name: Lefebvre, Danielle Carli
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: gender euphoria
subject: transgender
subject: narrative inquiry
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals have experiences that are varied and complex, including that of gender euphoria. Gender euphoria refers to the joy, peace, or comfort of living as one’s gender and can involve internal and social factors. To date, there is little research exploring gender euphoria, particularly the in-depth accounts of the experience. A narrative inquiry, an approach which centres the lived experience and knowledge people hold, was employed to explore gender euphoria for three TGD people of colour. Their narrative accounts are presented, as well as narrative threads that resonated: cultural (inter)connections, representation and role models, community and support, and the use of metaphors to articulate and represent one’s experience of gender euphoria. To conclude, an exploration of recommendations and ways forward for counsellors, research, community, and policy will be provided.
Microstructure, Surface Plasmon, Magneto-optic Surface Plasmon, and Sensitivity Properties of Magneto-plasmonic Co/Au Multilayers
Creators: name: Rizal, Conrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microstructure properties of Co/Au multilayers prepared using dc-magnetron sputtering is reported using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. XRR profiles of these multilayers showed excellent bilayer periodicity. The XRD spectra displayed Co layer thickness-dependent properties. However, annealing increased lateral tensile strain decreased compressive strain along the normal substrate direction. While surface roughness, crystallite grain size, and strain are affected by Co layer thickness, microstructure and periodicity are dominated by fcc-Au (111). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and magneto-optic SPR study of an optimized Co/Au multilayer in Kretschmann configuration for air-He and water-Methanol media showed an enhanced sensitivity by over 4 times when excited at the wavelength of 785 nm as compared to the conventional SPR configuration when excited at the wavelength of 632.8 nm. This enhancement in MOSPR sensitivity means the detection limit of this class of transducers can be substantially improved by tuning Co/Au layer thickness, wavelength, and incident angle of optical radiation.
description: 15 pages including 5 figures and a list of references
title: Resilience Among Children of Police Officers
Creators: name: Williamson, Kimberly
Publisher: name: Social Work
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: children of police officers
subject: operational stress injury
subject: secondary traumatic stress
subject: family resilience
subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study explored the well-being of children who are living with a police officer parent. Participants included ten youths, aged 16-24 years, with a police officer parent(s) in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Calgary Police Service or Edmonton Police Service in Alberta, Canada. Five female and five male youths of a police parent participated in this qualitative narrative study using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was applied and resulted in identifying the following four themes: 1) It’s Cool”: Pride in Being a Child of a Police Parent 2) “It Hurts”: Mental Health Impacts of Being a Child of a Police Parent 3) “Knock on Door-Everyday Fear”: Associated with Being a Child of a Police Parent 4) “A Big Sacrifice”: As a Child of a Police Parent. Family Resilience was evident throughout the analysis and was emphasized within each theme. By honouring the yet unheard voices of the youths of police parents, this study provides a deeper awareness and understanding of the experiences of this vulnerable yet resilient population and suggests the need for additional social work research on this topic to inform policy, practice, and education directed at improving their well-being.
CIFRA National Survey: Uruguay January 1996
Creators: name: CIFRA, In Bogliaccini, Juan, And Queirolo Rosario Laboratorio De Opinión Pública And Redes Sociales En Uruguay Collection (Social Networks And Public Opinion Lab Collection)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Total population: what you do in your free time; satisfaction with life; Uruguay economic situation; how often do you obey your boss; rate aspects of your job; sobremesa (tradition of relaxing after lunch/dinner) activities; dessert and alcohol preferences; approval of various political figures and groups; rate kindness of political figures; belief in religious beings (God, angels, devil, etc); family economic situation; Uruguayans ability to invent/innovate; value of scientific investigations; Uruguay competition with the world; interest in politics; political corruption; dedication to religion; 1989 voting history. Montevideo: Dr. Alfredo Solari approval as Ministro de Salud (Secretary of Health); mutualistas (hospital plans); healthcare; Iemanja festivities (day celebrating Yoruba goddess of the sea); how often and when you listen to the radio. National Agency for Research and Innovation (ANII) Collection
A Survey on Mixture of Experts in Large Language Models
Creators: name: Cai, Weilin
name: Jiang, Juyong
name: Wang, Fan
name: Tang, Jing
name: Kim, Sunghun
name: Huang, Jiayi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LLMs) have garnered unprecedented advancements across diverse fields, ranging from natural language processing to computer vision and beyond. The prowess of LLMs is underpinned by their substantial model size, extensive and diverse datasets, and the vast computational power harnessed during training, all of which contribute to the emergent abilities of LLMs (e.g., in-context learning) that are not present in small models. Within this context, the mixture of experts (MoE) has emerged as an effective method for substantially scaling up model capacity with minimal computation overhead, gaining significant attention from academia and industry. Despite its growing prevalence, there lacks a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature on MoE. This survey seeks to bridge that gap, serving as an essential resource for researchers delving into the intricacies of MoE. We first briefly introduce the structure of the MoE layer, followed by proposing a new taxonomy of MoE. Next, we overview the core designs for various MoE models including both algorithmic and systemic aspects, alongside collections of available open-source implementations, hyperparameter configurations and empirical evaluations. Furthermore, we delineate the multifaceted applications of MoE in practice, and outline some potential directions for future research. To facilitate ongoing updates and the sharing of cutting-edge advances in MoE research, we have established a resource repository at https://github.com/withinmiaov/A-Survey-on-Mixture-of-Experts-in-LLMs.
description: The first three authors contributed equally to this work; Accepted by TKDE
title: Bayesian models for improving joint kinematic measures in gait analysis
Creators: name: Pohl, Andrew John
Publisher: name: Kinesiology
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Gait
subject: Kinematics
subject: Bayesian Inference
subject: Functional Data Analysis
subject: Hierarchical Models
subject: Splines
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: Determination of joint kinematics is a frequently encountered problem forming the basis for clinical gait analysis as well as kinetic, and musculoskeletal modelling analyses within biomechanics. To estimate joint and segmental kinematics, the pose (translation and angle), of interconnected segments of an underlying rigid body model representing the human skeleton is estimated from measurements corrupted with noise, artifacts and other sources of uncertainty. A common example is the estimation of joint kinematics from the position of markers placed on the surface of the skin and recorded by optical motion capture systems. Traditionally researchers have used optimization techniques which aim to reduce errors well described by white noise. These methods provide point estimates but fail to quantify uncertainties. This thesis improves on such approaches by using Bayesian inference to develop a series of hierarchical models that improve ac- curacy and provide calibrated estimates of uncertainty when estimating kinematic quantities from optical motion capture. Over a series of four studies, models are constructed that incorporate increasingly complex structures and assumptions about the measurement process and the underlying movement under analysis. These include: (1) elicitation of sensible priors which regularize estimation to physiologically meaningful estimates without artificially biasing inference; (2) incorporation of smooth continuous functions to model temporally correlated kinematics; (3) an adaptive process which allows for deviations from smooth func- tions if supported by data and (4) an investigation as to appropriate representations for generalization to three-dimensional problems. The methodology developed throughout this thesis can be applied to a wide range of measurement systems and can be adapted for analyses of increasing sophistication.
Additional file 2 of The effect of benzylpenicillin prohylaxis after birth on length and weight of syphilis-exposed infants in eastern China
Creators: name: Chen, Kejin
name: Zhao, Xiaoyan
name: Wu, Wei
name: Jiang, Lihua
name: Yuan, Xiaojie
name: Bian, Chaorong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 2: Fig. 1. Height trend chart of syphilis-exposed boys of different months compared with WHO standards. Fig. 2. Height trend chart of syphilis-exposed girls of different months compared with WHO standards. Fig. 3. Weight trend chart of syphilis-exposed boys of different months with WHO standards. Fig. 4. Weight trend chart of syphilis-exposed girls of different months with WHO standards
The saline infusion test for primary aldosteronism: implications of immunoassay inaccuracy
Creators: name: Eisenhofer, Graeme
name: Kurlbaum, Max
name: Peitzsch, Mirko
name: Constantinescu, Georgiana
name: Remde, Hanna
name: Schulz, Manuel
name: Kaden, Denise
name: Müller, Lisa Marie
name: Fuss, Carmina
name: Kunz, Sonja
name: Kołodziejczyk-Kruk, Sylwia
name: Gruber, Sven
name: Prejbisz, Aleksander
name: Beuschlein, Felix
name: Williams, Tracy Ann
name: Reincke, Martin
name: Lenders, Jacques WM
name: Bidlingmaier, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: aldosterone
renin
adrenal cortex
mass spectrometry
diagnosis
interference
primary aldosteronism
immunoassay

description: Supplemental file for a manuscript submitted to the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Cosmological constraints on parameters of one-brane models with extra dimension
Creators: name: Iofa, Mikhail Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study some aspects of cosmologies in 5D models with one infinite extra dimension. Matter is confined to the brane, gravity extends to the bulk. Models with positive and negative tension of the brane are considered. Cosmological evolution of the 4D world is described by warped solutions of the generalized Friedmann equation. Cosmological solutions on the brane are obtained with the input of the present-time observational cosmological parameters. We estimate the age of the Universe and abundance of ${}^4 He$ produced in primordial nucleosynthesis in different models. Using these estimates we find constraints on dimensionless combinations of the 5D gravitational scale, scale of the warp factor and coupling at the 4D curvature term in the action.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Universal focal reducer for small telescopes
Creators: name: Afanasiev, V. L.
name: Amirkhanyan, V. R.
name: Uklein, R. I.
name: Perepelitsyn, A. E.
name: Malygin, E. A.
name: Shablovinskaya, E. S.
name: Afanasieva, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to the memory of Dr. Victor Afanasiev and his immense legacy. The report highlights the capabilities of two new instruments tested at the 1-meter Zeiss-1000 telescope of SAO RAS: the Stokes Polarimeter (StoP) and the MAGIC focal reducer. Optimized for the study of active galactic nuclei (AGN), methodically, these instruments are suitable for a wide range of small telescope tasks. The fields of view of StoP and MAGIC are 6' and 13' for direct images, respectively. The StoP device allows one to conduct photometric observations and polarimetric ones with a double Wollaston prism; the spectral mode was added to MAGIC. For a starlike target up to 14 mag in medium-band filters with a seeing of 1" for 20 minutes of total exposure, the photometry accuracy is better than 0.01 mag and the polarization accuracy is better than 0.6%. The available spectral range obtained with the volume phase holographic grating in MAGIC is 4000-7200AA with a dispersion of 2A/px. StoP and MAGIC received the first light in 2020 and are used in test mode at the Zeiss-1000. The report discusses the first results obtained by the authors with new instruments, as well as further prospects
description: accepted in Ast.Nach. This paper was present at 13th SCSLSA in a special session dedicated to the memory of Victor Leonidovich Afanasiev who passed away in December 2020
An Idiotypic Immune Network as a Short Term Learning Architecture for Mobile Robots
Creators: name: Whitbrook, Amanda
name: Aickelin, Uwe
name: Garibaldi, Jonathan M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A combined Short-Term Learning (STL) and Long-Term Learning (LTL) approach to solving mobile robot navigation problems is presented and tested in both real and simulated environments. The LTL consists of rapid simulations that use a Genetic Algorithm to derive diverse sets of behaviours. These sets are then transferred to an idiotypic Artificial Immune System (AIS), which forms the STL phase, and the system is said to be seeded. The combined LTL-STL approach is compared with using STL only, and with using a handdesigned controller. In addition, the STL phase is tested when the idiotypic mechanism is turned off. The results provide substantial evidence that the best option is the seeded idiotypic system, i.e. the architecture that merges LTL with an idiotypic AIS for the STL. They also show that structurally different environments can be used for the two phases without compromising transferability
description: 13 pages, 5 tables, 4 figures, 7th International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems (ICARIS2008), Phuket, Thailand
title: Exploring Food Neutrality: Nutritionism, Morality, and Neutrality
Creators: name: Song, Wenjia
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: food neutrality
subject: nutritionism
subject: morality
subject: practice theory
subject: feeding practice
subject: Mass Communications

description: This thesis explores how food neutrality is defined, understood, practiced, and what it brings to our understanding of food. Food neutrality is an eating practice that is characterized by its rejection of categorizing food as ‘good’ or ‘bad’, ‘healthy’ or ‘unhealthy’; it propels removing moral judgement of food and individuals for their food choices and asserts that all food can fit in one’s diet. Food neutrality is also advocated as a proper feeding practice for children. By examining online blog articles, podcasts, and videos concerning food neutrality with a practice-theoretical framework, this study reveals the concept, strategies, rationales of food neutrality as well as its implications for our understanding of food and feeding practices. Findings of this study suggest that although food neutrality claims to effectively demoralize food and food choices, it imposes new forms of morality on individuals. Ultimately, food neutrality necessitates exclusively focusing on the benefits, especially emotional gains from all food, glorifies the consumption of unhealthy food, directs attention away from the governmental responsibility of making healthy food accessible and affordable, and is not a proper feeding practice for children. The study indicates that practicing food neutrality can lead to adverse health consequences, especially for children, posing potential risks to public health. The discussion of food neutrality in this study contributes to a critical understanding of how food neutrality makes meaning for our understanding of food and eating, especially under the current food paradigm that emphasizes nutrition and morality.
Relay Assisted Cooperative OSTBC Communication with SNR Imbalance and Channel Estimation Errors
Creators: name: Niu, Bo
name: Beluri, Mihaela C.
name: Lin, Zinan
name: Chitrapu, Prabhakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, a two-hop relay assisted cooperative Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (OSTBC) transmission scheme is considered for the downlink communication of a cellular system, where the base station (BS) and the relay station (RS) cooperate and transmit data to the user equipment (UE) in a distributed fashion. We analyze the impact of the SNR imbalance between the BS-UE and RS-UE links, as well as the imperfect channel estimation at the UE receiver. The performance is analyzed in the presence of Rayleigh flat fading and our results show that the SNR imbalance does not impact the spatial diversity order. On the other hand, channel estimation errors have a larger impact on the system performance. Simulation results are then provided to confirm the analysis.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference
The targum (1971:Jan. 5 - 1971:Jan. 8)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1971

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of hesperetin derivatives
Creators: name: Dong, Huanhuan
name: Wang, Xinyu
name: Li, Gao
name: Zhao, Longxuan
name: Zhao, Chunhui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: A series of hesperetin derivatives were synthesized by Williamson etherification, Steglich esterification and ring-opening by modifying the 7 hydroxyl group, 3’ hydroxyl group and C ring of hesperetin. All compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. The antioxidant activity of hesperetin derivatives was tested by ABTS method. Hp-1, Hp-2(b,d), Hp-3, Hp-5, Hp-6(a-d) and Hp-7(a-c) had antioxidant effects, and Hp-7a had the strongest antioxidant effect, which was better than the positive control quercetin, and the TEAC value was 4.62 mM. Hp-2b, Hp-3, Hp-7b and Hp-7c hesperetin derivatives had inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, and were superior to α-arbutin positive control. Hp-2b had the best inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, and the IC50 value was 0.657 ± 0.093 mmol·L−1.