cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Intergranular pinning potential and critical current in the magnetic superconductor RuSr2Gd1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10
Creators: name: Virgens, M. G. das
name: Garcia, S.
name: Continentino, M. A.
name: Ghivelder, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intergranular pinning potential U and the critical current density Jc for polycrystalline RuSr2Gd1.5Ce0.5Cu2O10 ruthenate-cuprate were determined at zero magnetic field and temperature through the frequency shift in the peak of the imaginary part of the ac magnetic susceptibility, X". A critical state model, including a flux creep term, was found to accurately describe the X" behavior. The obtained values, U(H=0,T=0) ~ 30 meV and Jc(H=0,T=0) ~ 110 A/cm^2 are about two orders of magnitude and four times lower, respectively, in comparison with the high-Tc cuprate YBa2Cu3O7. These results were ascribed to the effects of the Ru magnetization on the connectivity of the weak-linked network, giving an intrinsic local field at the junctions of ~ 15 Oe. The impact on Jc is less intense because of the small average grain radius (~1 micrometer). The intragranular London penetration length at T = 0, [lambda_L(0) ~ 2 micrometer], was derived using a Kim-type expression for the field dependence of Jc. A possible source for the large value of lambda_L in comparison to the high-Tc cuprates is suggested to come from a strong intragrain granularity, due to structural domains of coherent rotated RuO6 octahedra separated by antiphase boundaries.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Physical Review B
Unbiased Learning for the Causal Effect of Recommendation
Creators: name: Sato, Masahiro
name: Takemori, Sho
name: Singh, Janmajay
name: Ohkuma, Tomoko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Increasing users' positive interactions, such as purchases or clicks, is an important objective of recommender systems. Recommenders typically aim to select items that users will interact with. If the recommended items are purchased, an increase in sales is expected. However, the items could have been purchased even without recommendation. Thus, we want to recommend items that results in purchases caused by recommendation. This can be formulated as a ranking problem in terms of the causal effect. Despite its importance, this problem has not been well explored in the related research. It is challenging because the ground truth of causal effect is unobservable, and estimating the causal effect is prone to the bias arising from currently deployed recommenders. This paper proposes an unbiased learning framework for the causal effect of recommendation. Based on the inverse propensity scoring technique, the proposed framework first constructs unbiased estimators for ranking metrics. Then, it conducts empirical risk minimization on the estimators with propensity capping, which reduces variance under finite training samples. Based on the framework, we develop an unbiased learning method for the causal effect extension of a ranking metric. We theoretically analyze the unbiasedness of the proposed method and empirically demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other biased learning methods in various settings.
description: accepted at RecSys 2020, updated several experiments
Constitutive behaviour of aluminum alloys AA3104, AA5182, and AA6111 at below solidus temperatures
Creators: name: Chaudhary, Alankar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The vertical direct chill (DC) casting process is a key production route for the fabrication of aluminum alloy sheet products. In the DC casting process, due to differential temperature, strain and strain rate conditions across the bottom and the side faces of sheet ingot, high thermal stresses are generated, that in turn can cause butt-curl, stability problems, cracking or melt bleed-outs. These ’defects’, developed during the DC casting process have been a major quality concern since the invention of DC casting in the 1930s. To predict thermal stresses developed during DC casting process and optimize the casting process, thermomechanical models have been used. Development of these thermomechanical models for DC casting of light metals requires knowledge of the constitutive behaviour of the material under thermomechanical conditions that are typical (strain rates from 1 x 10-¹s-¹ to 1 x 10-⁵ s -¹) of those experienced during DC casting. This research work reviews the thermomechanical conditions experienced during DC casting and the use of an empirical model to predict the high and low temperature constitutive behaviour of aluminum alloys in the solid state under deformation conditions relevant for DC casting. The effect of temperature, strain and strain rate has been studied for three commercially important alloys, namely: AA3104, AA5182 and AA6111. A brief study on the effect of sample orientation in the ingot has also been conducted. To determine the material parameters necessary for the extended Ludwik equation, compression tests were conducted, on industrially supplied as-cast material, using the Gleeble 3500 available at the UBC. correlations quantifying the material parameters for each alloy as a fknction of temperature were developed for each of the alloys studied. To validate the material parameters of the extended Ludwik equation, some different compression tests were performed in which specimens were deformed while they were cooled in air after heating up to ∼ 500°C. These complex thermomechanical history tests were simulated using the FE program ABAQUS where the constitutive behaviour of the materials was simulated using the extended Ludwik equation. In the complex history tests, the material experiences some recovery which is not accounted for in the extended Ludwik equation. To account for recovery, an empirical model has been suggested based on the work hardening parameter for the material.
Developement of real time diagnostics and feedback algorithms for JET in view of the next step
Creators: name: Murari, A.
name: Joffrin, E.
name: Felton, R.
name: Mazon, D.
name: Zabeo, L.
name: Albanese, R.
name: Arena, P.
name: Ambrosino, G.
name: Ariola, M.
name: Barana, O.
name: Bruno, M.
name: Laborde, L.
name: Moreau, D.
name: Piccolo, F.
name: Sartori, F.
name: Crisanti, F.
name: De La Luna, E.
name: Sanchez, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real time control of many plasma parameters will be an essential aspect in the development of reliable high performance operation of Next Step Tokamaks. The main prerequisites for any feedback scheme are the precise real-time determination of the quantities to be controlled, requiring top quality and highly reliable diagnostics, and the availability of robust control algorithms. A new set of real time diagnostics was recently implemented on JET to prove the feasibility of determining, with high accuracy and time resolution, the most important plasma quantities. With regard to feedback algorithms, new model–based controllers were developed to allow a more robust control of several plasma parameters. Both diagnostics and algorithms were successfully used in several experiments, ranging from H-mode plasmas to configuration with ITBs. Since elaboration of computationally heavy measurements is often required, significant attention was devoted to non-algorithmic methods like Digital or Cellular Neural/Nonlinear Networks. The real time hardware and software adopted architectures are also described with particular attention to their relevance to ITER.
description: 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004, Nice (France)
Extracting the Speed of Light from Matrix Product States
Creators: name: Eberharter, Alexander A.
name: Vanderstraeten, Laurens
name: Verstraete, Frank
name: Läuchli, Andreas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide evidence that the spectrum of the local effective Hamiltonian and the transfer operator in infinite-system matrix product state simulations are identical up to a global rescaling factor, i.e.~the speed of light of the system, when the underlying system is described by a 1+1 dimensional CFT. We provide arguments for this correspondence based on a path integral point of view. This observation turns out to yield very precise estimates for the speed of light in practice, confirming exact results to high precision where available, but also allowing us to finally determine the speed of light of the non-integrable, critical $SU(2)$ Heisenberg chains with half-integer spin $S>1/2$ with unprecedented accuracy. We also show that the same technology applied to doped Hubbard ladders provides highly accurate velocities for a range of dopings. Combined with measurements of compressibilities we present new results for the Luttinger liquid parameter in the Luther-Emery regime of doped Hubbard ladders, outperforming earlier approaches based on the fitting of real-space correlation functions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, published version
4.1 Impactos del cambio climático en la producción agraria: Un Caso de aplicación de Instrumentos tradicionales de medición en la economía agrícola
Creators: name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
name: Rangel Cura, Raúl A.
name: Blanco Roa, Noel Ernesto
name: Aguilar, Ariel José
name: Salazar Antón, Wilber
name: Colón García, Adelfa Patricia
name: Caballero Hernández, Alvaro José
name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
name: Rangel Cura, Raúl A.
name: Blanco Roa, Noel Ernesto
name: Aguilar, Ariel José
name: Salazar Antón, Wilber
name: Colón García, Adelfa Patricia
name: Caballero Hernández, Alvaro José
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Cambio climático
subject: Ecosistemas
subject: Sistemas de Producción
subject: Medición Económica

description: El artículo se focalizó en revisar las metodologías utilizadas para medir el impacto del cambio climático en la economía de los sistemas de producción. En el estudio se consideraron el análisis de modelos científicos y económicos utilizados en la medición de los impactos de las variaciones del cambio climático en la productividad de los sistemas de producción. En tal sentido, se analizó los modelos, métodos y técnicas empleadas en la evaluación económica del cambio climático. Finalmente, se presentó el Caso de Cuba donde se hace una evaluación económica con opciones de mitigación y su vinculación con la política de ahorro y uso racional de la energía.
description: Capítulo 7 del Libro Estado del Arte de la Bioeconomía y el Cambio Climático. Programa CYTED. Red de Bioeconomía y Cambio Climático.
4.2 La eficiencia ambiental mediante Análisis Envolvente de Datos:
Creators: name: Dios Palomares, Rafaela
name: Alcaide, David
name: Diz Pérrez, José
name: Jurado Bello, Manuel
name: Prieto Guijarro, Angel
name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
name: Dios Palomares, Rafaela
name: Alcaide, David
name: Diz Pérrez, José
name: Jurado Bello, Manuel
name: Prieto Guijarro, Angel
name: Zúniga-González, Carlos Alberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Eficiencia medioambiental
subject: DEA
subject: ALC
subject: Ecoeficiencia
subject: Metafrontera.

description: En este trabajo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la medida de la eficiencia medioambiental y, aunque se han desarrollado trabajos en el ámbito paramétrico, son muy escasos, por lo que nos limitaremos al uso de métodos no paramétricos, concretamente a DEA. Se plantea en primer lugar la necesidad de valorar la eficiencia medioambiental, por un lado, como requisito necesario para conseguir la sostenibilidad del sistema, amenazada por los efectos negativos del progreso tecnológico y, por otro lado, por su relación con la productividad. Posteriormente, se exponen los distintos enfoques que se utilizan para la medida de la eficiencia mediante métodos frontera dependiendo de qué variables se incluyen como inputs, outputs o variables de entorno. Finalmente se presentan algunos trabajos en los que se han aplicado las metodologías descritas en el ámbito exclusivo de América Latina y Caribe, así como otros en los que se han comparado con otros países a nivel mundial.
description: Capítulo 8 del Libro Estado del Arte de la Bioeconomía y el Cambio Climático. Programa CYTED. Red de Bioeconomía y Cambio Climático
The Thermodynamic Limit of Spin Systems on Random Graphs
Creators: name: Searle, Amy
name: Tindall, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilise the graphon--a continuous mathematical object which represents the limit of convergent sequences of dense graphs--to formulate a general, continuous description of quantum spin systems in thermal equilibrium when the average co-ordination number grows extensively in the system size. Specifically, we derive a closed set of coupled non-linear Fredholm integral equations which govern the properties of the system. The graphon forms the kernel of these equations and their solution yields exact expressions for the macroscopic observables in the system in the thermodynamic limit. We analyse these equations for both quantum and classical spin systems, recovering known results and providing novel analytical solutions for a range of more complex cases. We supplement this with controlled, finite-size numerical calculations using Monte-Carlo and Tensor Network methods, showing their convergence towards our analytical results with increasing system size.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
QCD radiative and power corrections and Generalized GDH sum rules
Creators: name: Soffer, Jacques
name: Teryaev, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the earlier suggested QCD-motivated model for the $Q^2$-dependence of the generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule which assumes the smooth dependence of the structure function $g_T$, while the sharp dependence is due to the $g_2$ contribution and is described by the elastic part of the Burkhardt-Cottingham sum rule. The model successfully predicts the low crossing point for the proton GDH integral, but is at variance with the recent very accurate JLAB data. We show that, at this level of accuracy, one should include the previously neglected radiative and power QCD corrections, as boundary values for the model. We stress that the GDH integral, when measured with such a high accuracy achieved by the recent JLAB data, is very sensitive to QCD power corrections. We estimate the value of these power corrections from the JLAB data at $Q^2 \sim 1 {GeV}^2$. The inclusion of all QCD corrections leads to a good description of proton, neutron and deuteron data at all $Q^2$.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures (to be published in Physical Review D)
Collective scalarization or tachyonization: when averaging fails
Creators: name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Foschi, Arianna
name: Zilhao, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Certain scalar-tensor theories of gravity provide negative-energy, tachyonic modes to a fundamental scalar inside matter, giving rise to non-perturbative phenomena around compact stars. Studies of this and other tachyonic instabilities always average over local matter properties. We use elementary, flat space models to understand possible collective effects and the accuracy of the averaging procedure. In particular, we consider bodies made of elementary constituents which do not, in isolation, scalarize because their compactness ${\cal C}$ is too small, ${\cal C}\lesssim {\cal C}_{\rm crit}$. We show that when the individual constituents have compactness smaller but close to the threshold, one is able to scalarize composite bodies through collective effects, and the compactness of the composite body can be made arbitrarily small. On the other hand, our results suggest that when the fundamental building blocks have very low compactness, then scalarization of the composite body requires a global compactness ${\cal C}_{\rm global}\gtrsim {\cal C}_{\rm crit}$. Thus, our results rule out scalarization of dilute bodies via collective effects.
description: 6 pages, version to appear in Physical Review Letters
The sample-dependent and sample-independent thermal transport properties of $α$-RuCl$_3$
Creators: name: Zhang, Heda
name: May, Andrew
name: Miao, Hu
name: Sales, Brian
name: Mandrus, David
name: Nagler, Stephen
name: McGuire, Michael
name: Yan, Jiaqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the thermal transport properties of two $α$-RuCl$_3$ crystals with different degrees of stacking disorder to understand the origin of the previously reported oscillatory feature in the field dependence of thermal conductivity. Crystal I shows only one magnetic order around 13\,K, which is near the highest T$_N$ for $α$-RuCl$_3$ with stacking faults. Crystal II has less stacking disorder, with a dominant heat capacity at 7.6\,K along with weak anomalies at 10\,K and 13\,K. In the temperature and field dependence of thermal conductivity, no obvious anomaly was observed to be associated with the magnetic order around 13\,K for either crystal or around 10\,K for crystal II. Crystal II, with less disorder, showed clear oscillations in the field dependence of thermal conductivity, while crystal I, with more disorder, did not. For crystal I, an L-shaped region in the temperature-field space was observed where thermal Hall conductivity $κ_{xy}$/T is within $\pm$20\% of the half quantized thermal Hall conductivity $κ_{HQ}$/T. While for crystal II, $κ_{xy}$/T reaches $κ_{HQ}$/T only in the high field and high temperature regime with no indication of a plateau at $κ_{HQ}$/T. Our thermal conductivity data suggest the oscillatory features are inherent to the zig-zag ordered phase with T$_N$ near 7\,K. Our planar thermal Hall effect measurements highlight the sensitivity of this phenomena to stacking disorder. Overall, our results highlight the importance of understanding and controlling crystallographic disorder for obtaining and interpreting intrinsic thermal transport properties in $α$-RuCl$_3$.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Scenario establishment and characteristic analysis of intersection collision accidents for advanced driver assistance systems
Creators: name: Inhwan Han
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Objective: Intersection collision is the most common type of vehicle accidents, and it is more complicated and has more variables compared to straight road collisions. Intersection collisions are also a major obstacle to practical application of self-driving technology. This calls for more studies and development of Intersection-Advanced Driver Assistance System (I-ADAS) which can be applied to various scenarios of intersection collisions. Method: In this study, NHTSA FARS and NASS-CDS DB from the period of 2013–2015 were used to analyze the circumstances and severity of damage in intersection collisions. With these analysis results, 17 possible vehicle collision scenarios were established based on the travel directions and relative positions of the two vehicles. The 17 accident scenarios were categorized into nine groups based on the travel direction and relative positions, and accident characteristics of each group, such as the severity of injuries, were analyzed. Results: Based on these characteristics, a method of qualitatively predicting and avoiding an intersection collision accident using a black box camera mounted on vehicles is introduced. Conclusion: When classifying the collision types, it was done with the consideration of making car-mounted camera-based intersection accident prediction and prevention possible. The intersection accident scenarios deduced for the purpose of the development of I-ADAS and self-driving system were analyzed regarding the severity of injuries and other factors. Based on these factors, possible methods to predict and prevent intersection accidents by using video footages and other data from the black box installed on cars were simply suggested.
Risk perception: A study using dashcam videos and participants from different world regions
Creators: name: P. Bazilinskyy
name: Y. B. Eisma
name: D. Dodou
name: J. C. F. De Winter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Objective: Research has shown that perceived risk is a vital variable in the understanding of road traffic safety. Having experience in a particular traffic environment can be expected to affect perceived risk. More specifically, drivers may readily recognize traffic hazards when driving in their own world region, resulting in high perceived risk (the expertise hypothesis). Oppositely, drivers may be desensitized to traffic hazards that are common in their own world region, resulting in low perceived risk (the desensitization hypothesis). This study investigated whether participants experienced higher or lower perceived risk for traffic situations from their region compared to traffic situations from other regions. Methods: In a crowdsourcing experiment, participants viewed dashcam videos from four regions: India, Venezuela, United States, and Western Europe. Participants had to press a key when they felt the situation was risky. Results: Data were obtained from 800 participants, with 52 participants from India, 75 from Venezuela, 79 from the United States, 32 from Western Europe, and 562 from other countries. The results provide support for the desensitization hypothesis. For example, participants from India perceived low risk for hazards (e.g., a stationary car on the highway) that were perceived as risky by participants from other regions. At the same time, support for the expertise hypothesis was obtained, as participants in some cases detected hazards that were specific to their own region (e.g., participants from Venezuela detected inconspicuous roadworks in a Venezuelan city better than did participants from other regions). Conclusion: We found support for the desensitization hypothesis and the expertise hypothesis. These findings have implications for cross-cultural hazard perception research.
Mathematical modeling of electron beam cold hearth casting of titanium alloy ingots
Creators: name: Zhao, Xuanhe
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The electron beam cold hearth remelting (EBCHR) process is used extensively for the refining of titanium alloys and casting of ingots. The main challenges associated with the final phase of the casting process are the formation of macroscopic shrinkage voids and evaporative losses of alloying elements in the top portion of the ingots. The purpose of the current work is to better understand the casting process and to give a theoretical foundation for addressing the issues of shrinkage void formation and evaporative losses. To this end, a mathematical model has been developed to describe the EBCHR casting of a Ti-6AI-4V ingot. The model characterizes the mass, momentum, and heat transports together with their interactions, by solving the coupled thermal-fluid flow fields inside the ingot. The formation of shrinkage voids is predicted using the Niyama criterion calculated with the results of the model. Industrial experiments have been conducted to provide data for formulation of the model’s boundary conditions and validation of its predictions. An overall heat balance analysis has been conducted on the domain used in the model at steady state. The results indicate that the primary energy input to the ingot is from the enthalpy of the inlet titanium, which accounts for approximately 65% of the total heat. The electron beams account for the balance or approximately 35%. The major energy losses from the domain are from the bottom and from the top surface, 24% and 31% respectively, and the mould, 29%, with the balance lost to the below mould environment, 16%. The model has also been used to examine the effects of ramping the casting speed near the end of the casting process and adjusting the beam power and pattern during the final stage of casting. Casting speed appears to be effective in raising the location of the final void, and thus may be effective in reducing size of the cropped prior to rolling. The latter appears to be effective in reducing the surface area of the liquid pool during the final solidification and therefore may be useful in reducing the evaporation losses. Judicious use of the two in combination may yield an optimum termination strategy.
Espacios de vulnerabilidad social en el proceso de deslocalizacion empresarial. El Sur como estrategia
Creators: name: Morales, Eva Maria
name: Morales, Eva Maria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: deslocalizacion empresarial
subject: ambito rural
subject: industrua textill
subject: desigualdad de genero
subject: normas sociales y capital social. relocation
subject: rural context
subject: textile industry
subject: gender inequality
subject: social norms and social capital

description: La deslocalization de las unidades productivas como estrategia, en su proceso de busqueda de la rentabilidad a traves del bajo coste de la mano de obra, es una tendencia presente en la economia mundial. Y este impetuosos proceso comenzo su dilatada trayectoria en determinados enclaves de paises industrializados que, por sus peculiaridades en los ambitos economico y social, se conformaban como idoneos para aquellas empresas que buscaban espacios proliferos para su asentamiento: las zonas rurales. En este contexto, el proposito de este trabajo ha sido analizar la implantacion y supervivencia del sector textil/confeccion en el ambito rural andaluz. Pervivencia que se explica como consecuencia de un peculiar modelo de organizacion productiva y las particularides del capital social, en los que resulta determinante el caracter agrario y rural del territorio. Teniendo ademas una destacada relevancia el ciclo vital de los actores sociales protagonistas: las mujeres costureras. Todo ello a traves del estudio de caso de las municipios de la provincia de Jaen y empleando la triangulacion como metodo de analisis que, a traves de la combinacion de las tecnicas de la encuesta y la entrevista en profundidad, ha proporcionado la posibilidad de aproximarnos a esta realidad compleja, atestada de empleo aculto y economia sumergida...It is well known that firms use to relocate their plants as parts of their strategy to lower labour costs and increase profitability. This process has also taken place in rural areas within industrialized countries due to its suitable social and economic peculiarities. In this context, this research has analyzed that founding and survival of the textile sector in rural Andalusian areas. Our main conclusion is that such survival must be understood as a consequence of some particularities in the production mode and social organization. Namely, within the agrarian and rural character of the territory, we have found that the vital cycle of seamstresses women play a quite relevant role. The research conclusions are based in the study of several municipalities in the area of Jaen. To come closer to this complex reality, crammed with informal economy, we have taken advantage of triangulation as a research method, using a combination of survey analysis and in-depth interviews.
Gravitational wave signature of generic disappearance of $Z_2$-symmetry breaking domain walls
Creators: name: Banerjee, Piyali
name: Yajnik, Urjit A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Breaking of discrete parity at high scale gives rise to $Z_2$-domain walls (DW). The metastability of such walls can make them relatively long lived and contradict standard cosmology. We consider two classes of theories with similar underlying feature, the left right symmetric theories and two Higgs doublet models. Both of them possess some breaking of $Z_2$ discrete symmetries. As a first step, domains form at a high energy scale during parity breaking. In the second step, these domains further decompose into subdomains due to $Z_2$ symmetry breaking in two Higgs doublet models closer to the electroweak scale. We show that after this two step formation of domains and subdomains, a QCD instanton induced energy difference can remove the domain walls as well as the subdomain walls at around the same time successfully. The removal occurs purely as the result of a chance event taking place with probability very close to 0.25, and does not require one to introduce any non-renormalisable $Z_2$-symmetry breaking term to the Lagrangian. We then investigate the gravitational waves arising from the collapse of such domain walls and show that the peak frequency of these waves lies in the $10^{-7}$--$10^{-6}~\mbox{Hz}$ band, corresponding to annihilation temperatures of $1$--$10$ GeV. This frequency band is sensitive to pulsar timing array based experiments such as SKA and NANOGrav. The recent NANOGrav results rule out our DW collapse model for higher values of parity breaking scale above $10^7$ GeV. Our DW collapse model with parity breaking scales below $10^7$ GeV remains consistent with the current NANOGrav results and has a good chance of being seriously tested in future pulsar timing based experiments.
description: 31 pages, v3 contains is a major upgrade showing via the percolation theory arguments how the two types of domain walls can be removed simultaneously. Recent NanoGrav data directly constrains the parameters of our upgraded mechanism
Physics prospects of future neutrino oscillation experiments in Asia
Creators: name: Hagiwara, Kaoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The three neutrino model has 9 physical parameters, 3 neutrino masses, 3 mixing angles and 3 CP violating phases. Among them, neutrino oscillation experiments can probe 6 parameters: 2 mass squared differences, 3 mixing angles, and 1 CP phase. The experiments performed so far determined the magnitudes of the two mass squared differences, the sign of the smaller mass squared difference, the magnitudes of two of the three mixing angles, and the upper bound on the third mixing angle. The sign of the larger mass squared difference (the neutrino mass hierarchy pattern), the magnitude of the third mixing angle and the CP violating phase, and a two-fold ambiguity in the mixing angle that dictates the atmospheric neutrino oscillation should be determined by future oscillation experiments. In this talk, I introduce a few ideas of future long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments which make use of the super neutrino beams from J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) in Tokai village. We examine the potential of HyperKamiokande (HK), the proposed 1 Mega-ton water Cerenkov detector, and then study the fate and possible detection of the off-axis beam from J-PARC in Korea. We also show that very long baseline experiments with higher energy beams from J-PARC and a water Cerenkov calorimeter detector (BAND) proposed in Beijing can resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy, and lift all the degeneracies in the three neutrino model parameters.
description: Talk at SEESAW 1979-2004, 23-25 February 2004, KEK. 20 pages, 17 figures
Physics-integrated machine learning: embedding a neural network in the Navier-Stokes equations. Part I
Creators: name: Iskhakov, Arsen S.
name: Dinh, Nam T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the physics- (or PDE-) integrated machine learning (ML) framework is investigated. The Navier-Stokes (NS) equations are solved using Tensorflow library for Python via Chorin's projection method. The methodology for the solution is provided, which is compared with a classical solution implemented in Fortran. This solution is integrated with a neural network (NN). Such integration allows one to train a NN embedded in the NS equations without having the target (labeled training) data for the direct outputs from the NN; instead, the NN is trained on the field data (quantities of interest), which are the solutions for the NS equations. To demonstrate the performance of the framework, a case study is formulated: the 2D lid-driven cavity with non-constant velocity-dependent dynamic viscosity is considered. A NN is trained to predict the dynamic viscosity from the velocity fields. The performance of the physics-integrated ML is compared with classical ML framework, when a NN is directly trained on the available data (fields of the dynamic viscosity). Both frameworks showed similar accuracy; however, despite its complexity and computational cost, the physics-integrated ML offers principal advantages, namely: (i) the target outputs (labeled training data) for a NN might be unknown and can be recovered using PDEs; (ii) it is not necessary to extract and preprocess information (training targets) from big data, instead it can be extracted by PDEs; (iii) there is no need to employ a physics- or scale-separation assumptions to build a closure model. The advantage (i) is demonstrated in this paper, while the advantages (ii) and (iii) are the subjects for future work. Such integration of PDEs with ML opens a door for a tighter data-knowledge connection, which may potentially influence the further development of the physics-based modelling with ML for data-driven thermal fluid models.
Resoluciones planes y programas educativos de Galicia para la CD 2019_2020
Creators: name: Alonso-Ferreiro, Almudena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130306 Educational Technology and Computing
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Education
subject: 160506 Education Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Enlace a las resoluciones de los planes y programas educativos de Galicia que contribuyen al desarrollo de la CD durante el curso 2019/2020
El Alentejo en la segunda mitad del siglo XX: dinamicas sociodemograficas diferenciadas
Creators: name: Do Carmo, Renato
name: Do Carmo, Renato
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: Alentejo
subject: urbanizacion
subject: despoblamiento
subject: cambios sociales
subject: urbanization
subject: depopulation
subject: social changes.

description: Este texto tiene como tema los cambios sociodemograficos habidos en el Alentejo (region localizada al sur de Portugal). A traves de un conjunto de indicadores de poblacion, veremos como este territorio registro durante el periodod 1950-2001 dinamicas demograficas diferenciadas y contradictorias...This paper will analyze the social changes that took place in the region of Alentejo (In Southern Portugal) on the last decades. Using some statistical data from the national population census, the author will present and describe a complex reality of different and opposite demographic tendencies, like, for instance, the opposition between a recent urbanization and a progressive depopulation. In three decades this region has suffered a huge and profound demographic transformation.
Random coupling model of turbulence as a classical Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model
Creators: name: Hu, Xu-Yao
name: Rosenhaus, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that a classical analog of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model -- a solvable model of quantum many-body chaos, was studied long ago in the turbulence literature. Motivated by the Navier-Stokes equation in the turbulent regime and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing plasma turbulence, in which there is mixing between many different modes, the random coupling model has a Gaussian-random coupling between any four of a large number $N$ of modes. The model was solved in the 1960s, before the introduction of large $N$ path integral techniques, using a method referred to as the direct interaction approximation. We use the path integral to derive the effective action for the model. The large-$N$ saddle gives an integral equation for the two-point function, which is very similar to the corresponding equation in the SYK model. The connection between the SYK model and the random coupling model may, on the one hand, provide new physical contexts in which to realize the SYK model and, on the other hand, suggest new models of turbulence and techniques for studying them.
description: 16 pages, v2
Spółdzielnie jako istotne podmioty funkcjonujące na rynku mleka – zagadnienia prawne i ekonomiczne
Creators: name: Suchoń, Aneta
name: Suchoń, Aneta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Financial Economics
subject: dairy cooperatives
subject: agricultural producer groups
subject: milk market
subject: the Common Agricultural Policy
subject: consolidation
subject: / spółdzielnie mleczarskie
subject: grupy producentów rolnych
subject: rynek mleka
subject: Wspólna Polityka Rolna
subject: konsolidacja

description: The article presents selected legal and economic aspects of dairy co-operatives and co-operative groups of agricultural producers operating in the milk market. Particular attention has been given to the organizational and fiscal issues as well as to the issue of financing the actions of cooperatives from EU funds. In addition, the article presents the basic concepts concerning cooperatives as milk purchasing entities and milk market. Milk production is a source of regular monthly income for many farmers. Further discussion focuses on the planned reform of the CAP and its impact on the business activity of the cooperative. / Synopsis. Przedstawiono wybrane prawne i ekonomiczne zagadnienia dotyczące spółdzielni mleczarskich oraz spółdzielczych grup producentów rolnych działających na rynku mleka. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na sprawy organizacyjne i podatkowe, finansowania działań spółdzielni ze środków unijnych. Dodatkowo zaprezentowano podstawowe zagadnienia dotyczące spółdzielni jako podmiotu skupującego mleko oraz działającego na rynku mleka. W dalszej kolejności rozważania skupiały się na planowanej reformie WPR i jej wpływie na działalność spółdzielni.
Anisotropic Lattice QCD Studies of Penta-quark Anti-decuplet
Creators: name: Ishii, N.
name: Doi, T.
name: Iida, H.
name: Oka, M.
name: Okiharu, F.
name: Suganuma, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anti-decuplet penta-quark baryon is studied with the quenched anisotropic lattice QCD for accurate measurement of the correlator. Both the positive and negative parity states are studied using a non-NK type interpolating field with I=0 and J=1/2. After the chiral extrapolation, the lowest positive parity state is found at m_{Theta} \simeq 2.25 GeV, which is too massive to be identified with the experimentally observed Theta^+(1540). The lowest negative parity state is found at m_{Theta}\simeq 1.75 GeV, which is rather close to the empirical value. To confirm that this state is a compact 5Q resonance, a new method with ``hybrid boundary condition (HBC)'' is proposed. The HBC analysis shows that the observed state in the negative parity channel is an NK scattering state.
description: A talk given at International Workshop PENTAQUARK04, July 20-23, 2004 at SPring-8, Japan, 8 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
BASES ESTATÍSTICAS DOS MÉTODOS QUANTITATIVOS
Creators: name: Rocha, Carlos Silva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Bioestatística, Métodos Quantitativos, Estatística Inferencial, Distribuições de Probabilidade, Análise de Dados.

description: Este artigo apresenta as bases estatísticas dos métodos quantitativos na Bioestatística,abordando conceitos fundamentais como medidas descritivas, probabilidade, distribuições deprobabilidade, inferência estatística e testes de hipóteses. Discutimos os princípios da estatísticadescritiva e inferencial, destacando sua aplicação na análise de dados biológicos. Além disso,enfatizamos a importância da interpretação correta dos resultados estatísticos para a tomada dedecisões na área da saúde.
Molecular Mechanisms of Pneumococcal Adaptation to Host Environment & Stress
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Surya
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of lower respiratory infections worldwide and is also responsible fordiseases such as otitis media, sinusitis, meningitis, endocarditis and sepsis. The progression to this pathogenic lifestyle is preceded by colonization of the nasopharynx.In order to successfully colonize the human upper respiratory tract (URT), pneumococcus must adapt to the unpredictable and hostile conditions of the human host. To achieve this, bacterial cells must adeptly reconfigure their cellular programs to ensure their survival while continuing to evade the host immune responses. This work is aimed at understanding the different molecular mechanismsof pneumococcal adaptation to the host environment and the stresses it encounters therein. In this thesis, I focus on two distinct mechanisms that enable pneumococcalpropagation and survival in diverse conditions. First, I describe a novel intercellular communication peptide called BriC that promotes biofilm development and stimulates colonization in a murine model. BriC signaling results in enrichment of unsaturated lipids in the cell membrane via enhancing FabT-mediated regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis genes. My work reveals the existence of acomplex molecular network that regulates briC expression in the cells. BriC helps in integration of various regulatory inputs as briC levels are induced by the activationof competence and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. The tightly controlled architecture of briC regulation highlights its importance in the ever-changing environment of the human host. Second, I explore pneumococcal stress responsepathway and show that a cell wall branching enzyme MurM modulates intracellular stress and prevents the activation of stringent response pathway. Through its ability to deacylate mischarged tRNAs, MurM can calibrate stress response withconsequences to host-pathogen interactions. This work expands our understanding of the bacterial cell wall: cell wall modification that impart structural rigidity to the cell are interlinked to the cell’s ability to signal intracellularly and mount responses to environmental stresses.
Stanowisko Indii w negocjacjach rolnych WTO
Creators: name: Wróbel, Anna
name: Wróbel, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: agriculture
subject: trade liberalization
subject: India
subject: World Trade Organization
subject: / rolnictwo
subject: liberalizacja handlu
subject: Indie
subject: Światowa Organizacja Handlu

description: The aim of this paper is to analyze the position of India in the WTO agricultural negotiations. The article is divided into three parts. Part One will discuss the economic significance of the agricultural sector in India. Part Two will analyze India’s trade policy. The main part of the paper relates to the demands of India in the WTO agricultural negotiations. / Synopsis. Celem opracowania jest analiza stanowiska Indii w negocjacjach rolnych WTO. Artykuł został podzielony na trzy części. W części pierwszej dokonano charakterystyki indyjskiego sektora rolnego. Następnie omówiono podstawy polityki handlowej Indii. Zasadnicza część rozważań dotyczy postulatów Indii w negocjacjach rolnych WTO.
Análise do alinhamento dos indexadores de revistas científicas de Acesso Aberto com as premissas da Ciência Aberta
Creators: name: Vilas Boas, Raphael Faria Vilas Boas
name: Campos, Fhillipe de Freitas Campos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Comunicação I da 13ª Conferência Lusófona de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 10 a 12 de outubro de 2022.
The European Large Area ISO Survey VIII: 90-micron final analysis and source counts
Creators: name: Heraudeau, Ph.
name: Oliver, S.
name: del Burgo, C.
name: Kiss, C.
name: Stickel, M.
name: Mueller, T.
name: Rowan-Robinson, M.
name: Efstathiou, A.
name: Surace, C.
name: Toth, L. V.
name: Serjeant, S.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Franceschini, A.
name: Lemke, D.
name: Perez-Fournon, I.
name: Morel, T.
name: Puget, J-L.
name: Rigopoulou, D.
name: Rocca-Volmerange, B.
name: Verma, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a re--analysis of the European Large Area ISO Survey (ELAIS) 90mum observations carried out with ISOPHOT, an instrument on board the ESA's Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). With more than 12 sq. deg., the ELAIS survey is the largest area covered by ISO in a single program and is about one order of magnitude deeper than the IRAS 100mum survey. The data analysis is presented and was mainly performed with the Phot Interactive Analysis software but using the pairwise method of Stickel et al. (2003) for signal processing from ERD (Edited Raw Data) to SCP (Signal per Chopper Plateau). The ELAIS 90mum catalogue contains 229 reliable sources with fluxes larger than 70 mJy and is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com. Number counts are presented and show an excess above the no-evolution model prediction. This confirms the strong evolution detected at shorter(15mum) and longer (170mum) wavelengths in other ISO surveys. The ELAIS counts are in agreement with previous works at 90mum and in particular with the deeper counts extracted from the Lockman hole observations. Comparison with recent evolutionary models show that the models of Franceschini et al. and Guiderdoni et al. which includes a heavily-extinguished population of galaxies give the best fit to the data. Deeper observations are nevertheless required to better discriminate between the model predictions in the far-infrared and are scheduled with the Spitzer Space Telescope which already started operating and will also be performed by ASTRO-F.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, MNRAS, in press