cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Building And Managing Of Electronic Resources In Digital Era In India With Special Reference To Iucaa And Niv, Pune: A Comparative Case Study
Creators: name: HEMANT KUMAR SAHU
name: SURYA NATH SINGH
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Astronomy Library, Comparative study,

description: This paper discusses and presents a comparative case study of two library of Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) and Information Centre and Library (ICL) of National Institute of Virology (Indian Council of Medical Research) (NIV-ICMR). It covers the processes for acquiring/subscribing various e-resources, get access under UGC-Infonet Digital Library Consortium/Electronic Resources in Medicine (ERMED), including free databases available and developing e-resources in form of own preprints/ own publications/institutional repository/own videos lectures archives with help of open sources software and managing by trained library professionals and providing e-resources access altogether via single point search facility for all e-resources in campus (via IP based) and out of campus (via EZproxy) of all type of e-resources for scientists/users in the field of Astronomy/Astrophysics and Virology/Biomedicine.
Intramolecular Reaction of Transient Phosphenium and Arsenium Ions Giving Rise to Isolable 9-Phospha- and 9-Arsena-Fluorenium Ions
Creators: name: Olaru, Marian
name: Duvinage, Daniel
name: Nass, Yannik
name: Malaspina, Lorraine A.
name: Mebs, Stefan
name: Beckmann, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: arenium ions
subject: arsoles
subject: m-terphenyl compounds
subject: phospholes
subject: pnictogenium ions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Transient phosphenium and arsenium ions, generated by fluoride abstraction from bis(m-terphenyl)fluoropnictogens, underwent intramolecular electrophilic attack prior to methyl group migration and gave rise to isolable 9-phospha- and 9-arsena-fluorenium ions.
Shortening The “Long Tail” Of “Dark Data”: Automated Export Of Small Data From Biodiversity Data Journal To Gbif And Eol Through Darwin Core Archive
Creators: name: Döring, Markus
name: Robertson, Tim
name: Georgiev, Teodor
name: Biserkov, Jordan
name: Stoev, Pavel
name: Leary, Patrick
name: Schulz, Katja
name: Parr, Cynthia
name: Sautter, Guido
name: Agosti, Donat
name: Penev, Lyubomir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Darwin Core Archive
GBIF
EoL
BDJ
Plazi
export
integration
interoperability
API
DwC
DwC-A

description: A poster showing the export of data from a scientific article in Biodiversity Data Journal ( http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1076) to Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Encyclopedia of Life (EOL).
Sprockhoff, E., und Kersten, K.: Offa, Berichte und Mitteilungen
Creators: name: Jacob-Friesen, Karl Hermann
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Sprockhoff, E., und Kersten, K.: Offa, Berichte und Mitteilungen. Bd. 15 für das Jahr 1956. Neumünster (Karl Wachholtz) 1958, 134 Seiten mit zahlreichen Abb. im Text und auf 7 Tafeln. Brosch.
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 28 (1959): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Spätbronzezeitliches Urnengrab unter Rollsteinpackung auf dem „Sickel" bei Klein Mahner, Krs. Goslar
Creators: name: Niquet, Franz
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 30 (1961): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Detection of poxtA-and optrA-carrying E. faecium isolates in air samples of a Spanish swine farm
Creators: name: Ruiz-Ripa, Laura
name: Feßler, Andrea T.
name: Hanke, Dennis
name: Sanz, Susana
name: Olarte, Carmen
name: Eichhorn, Inga
name: Schwarz, Stefan
name: Torres, Carmen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Linezolid
subject: Conjugative transfer
subject: Multiresistance
subject: Public Health
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Objective: Two linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates, C10004 and C10009, were recovered from air samples of a Spanish swine farm and comprehensively characterized. Methods: Detection of linezolid resistance mechanisms (mutations and acquisition of resistance genes) was performed by PCR/sequencing. Isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, and analysis of the genetic environment of the linezolid resistance genes. The characterization of isolate C10009 was performed by Whole-Genome-Sequencing and of isolate C10004 by PCR and amplicon sequencing, where applicable. Conjugation experiments to assess the transferability of the optrA and poxtA genes implicated in linezolid resistance were performed. Results: The linezolid-resistant E. faecium isolates C10004 and C10009, assigned to ST128 and ST437, respectively, harbored the optrA and poxtA genes. Neither mutations in the 23S rRNA nor in the genes for the ribosomal proteins L3, L4 and L22 were detected. C10004 and C10009 carried fourteen and thirteen antimicrobial resistance genes, respectively. The sequence alignment indicated that the genetic environment of the poxtA gene was identical in both isolates, with a downstream-located fexB gene. The poxtA gene was transferred by conjugation together with the fexB gene, and also with tet(M) and tet(L) in the case of isolate C10004. The optrA gene could not be transferred. Conclusions: This is the first report of the poxtA gene in Spain. The presence of poxtA- and optrA-carrying E. faecium isolates in air samples represents a public health concern, indicating an involvement of swine farms in the spread of linezolid-resistant bacteria.
Felix Rösch, Die Wüstung Bad Malente-Grellenkamp
Creators: name: Gärtner, Tobias
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Felix Rösch, Die Wüstung Bad Malente-Grellenkamp. Eine Siedlung des hochmittelalterlichen Landesausbaus in Ostholstein. Universitätsforschungen zur prähistorischen Archäologie 212. Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt, Bonn 2012. 156 Seiten, 34 Abbildungen, 7 Tabellen, 22 Tafeln. ISBN 978-3-7749-3789-5
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 83 (2014): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
The Acquisition Of Electronic Books In The Area Of Astronomy In The Unam
Creators: name: Juarez, Beatriz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: e-Books; Specialized Libraries; Astronomy.

description: The high cost of electronic books (e-Books) in the present in addition to the low budget of the Astronomical Libraries of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), led the three libraries in the area of Astronomy to become part of the Group of Libraries in the area of Sciences in 2011.

This Group was motivated by the need of purchasing e-Books, which due to their high costs, made it impossible to acquire materials of interest for each library Therefore the Working Group in dedicated itself to the preparation of lists of e-Books to be purchased in order to avoid duplication and thus be able to acquire all needed titles while allocating to each library part of the budget from our combined resources. Our major goal was to purchased titles from the large publishing companies such as Springer and Elsevier, as well as title to title books acquired from different publishers such as Cambridge, Oxford University Press, World Scientific, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, etc.

It is through these joint purchases that Astronomy's three campus libraries: University City, Ensenada and Morelia, benefited by the acquisition of published e-Books from 2010 to 2013.

In this present document the way the Group works, the policies to be followed in regard to the selection and acquisition of e-Books, as well as the benefits at  Library and Group level will be presented.
Kai Mückenberger, Elsfleth-Hogenkamp. Archäologische Funde des 1. Jahrtausends n.Chr. am Zusammenfluss von Hunte und Weser
Creators: name: Nösler, Daniel
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Rezension zu: Kai Mückenberger, Elsfleth-Hogenkamp. Archäologische Funde des 1. Jahrtausends n.Chr. am Zusammenfluss von Hunte und Weser. Mit Beiträgen von Ulrich Schmölcke, Martina Karle, Annette Siegmüller und Imke Brandt. Studien zur Landschafts- und Siedlungsgeschichte im südlichen Nordseegebiet/Studies in Landscape and Settlement History in the Southern North Sea Region 4. Verlag Marie Leidorf, Rahden/Westf. 2013. 244 Seiten mit 149 Abbildungen, 16 Tabellen und 10 Tafeln. ISBN 978-3-86757-334-4
description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 83 (2014): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
The interaction of DNA repair factors ASCC2 and ASCC3 is affected by somatic cancer mutations
Creators: name: Jia, Junqiao
name: Absmeier, Eva
name: Holton, Nicole
name: Pietrzyk-Brzezinska, Agnieszka J.
name: Hackert, Philipp
name: Bohnsack, Katherine E.
name: Bohnsack, Markus T.
name: Wahl, Markus C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: DNA
subject: X-ray crystallography
subject: cancer
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The ASCC3 subunit of the activating signal co-integrator complex is a dual-cassette Ski2-like nucleic acid helicase that provides single-stranded DNA for alkylation damage repair by the a-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase AlkBH3. Other ASCC components integrate ASCC3/AlkBH3 into a complex DNA repair pathway. We mapped and structurally analyzed interacting ASCC2 and ASCC3 regions. The ASCC3 fragment comprises a central helical domain and terminal, extended arms that clasp the compact ASCC2 unit. ASCC2-ASCC3 interfaces are evolutionarily highly conserved and comprise a large number of residues affected by somatic cancer mutations. We quantified contributions of protein regions to the ASCC2-ASCC3 interaction, observing that changes found in cancers lead to reduced ASCC2-ASCC3 affinity. Functional dissection of ASCC3 revealed similar organization and regulation as in the spliceosomal RNA helicase Brr2. Our results delineate functional regions in an important DNA repair complex and suggest possible molecular disease principles.
Efficient simulation of infinite tree tensor network states on the Bethe lattice
Creators: name: Li, Wei
name: von Delft, Jan
name: Xiang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the simple update approach proposed by Jiang et. al. [H.C. Jiang, Z.Y. Weng, and T. Xiang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 090603 (2008)] is an efficient and accurate method for determining the infinite tree tensor network states on the Bethe lattice. Ground state properties of the quantum transverse Ising model and the Heisenberg XXZ model on the Bethe lattice are studied. The transverse Ising model is found to undergo a second-order quantum phase transition with a diverging magnetic susceptibility but a finite correlation length which is upper-bounded by 1/ln(q-1) even at the transition point (q is the coordinate number of the Bethe lattice). An intuitive explanation on this peculiar "critical" phenomenon is given. The XXZ model on the Bethe lattice undergoes a first-order quantum phase transition at the isotropic point. Furthermore, the simple update scheme is found to be related with the Bethe approximation. Finally, by applying the simple update to various tree tensor clusters, we can obtain rather nice and scalable approximations for two-dimensional lattices.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Baryon asymmetry and dark matter from soft leptogenesis
Creators: name: Kuismanen, Heidi
name: Vilja, Iiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The framework for soft leptogenesis minimally extended with a DM sector is studied. A heavy singlet neutrino superfield acts as the source for (s)lepton asymmetry and by coupling to the singlet DM superfield it produces a DM particle density through decays. The nature of DM generated is twofold depending on whether the Yukawa and DM couplings are either small or large. With sufficiently small Yukawa and DM couplings DM annihilations into MSSM particles are slow and as a consequence all DM particles form the DM component. The solutions to Boltzmann equations are given and the dependence between the DM masses and coupling are presented in this weak coupling regime. Also, the behavior of the efficiency of producing asymmetric DM is determined with weak couplings. We note that a different outcome arises if the couplings are larger because then the ADM component is dominant due to the effectiveness of DM decays into the MSSM sector.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Neuropsychological development in adolescents: Longitudinal associations with white matter microstructure
Creators: name: Mürner-Lavanchy, Ines M.
name: Koenig, Julian
name: Ando, Ayaka
name: Henze, Romy
name: Schell, Susanne
name: Resch, Franz
name: Brunner, Romuald
name: Kaess, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cognition
subject: Adolescent
subject: Development
subject: Longitudinal
subject: Diffusion tensor imaging
subject: White matter microstructure
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Important neuropsychological changes during adolescence coincide with the maturation of white matter microstructure. Few studies have investigated the association between neuropsychological development and white matter maturation longitudinally. We aimed to characterize developmental trajectories of inhibition, planning, emotion recognition and risk-taking and examine whether white matter microstructural characteristics were associated with neuropsychological development above and beyond age. In an accelerated longitudinal cohort design, n 1/4 112 healthy adolescents between ages 9 and 16 underwent cognitive assessment and diffusion MRI over three years. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were extracted for major white matter pathways using an automatic probabilistic reconstruction technique and mixed models were used for statistical analyses. Inhibition, planning and emotion recognition performance improved linearly across adolescence. Risk-taking developed in a quadratic fashion, with stable performance between 9 and 12 and an increase between ages 12 and 16. Including cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus FA slightly improved model fit for emotion recognition across age. We found no evidence that FA or MD were related to inhibition, planning or risk-taking across age. Our results challenge the additional value of white matter microstructure to explain neuropsychological development in healthy adolescents, but more longitudinal research with large datasets is needed to identify the potential role of white matter microstructure in cognitive development.
Acoustic Sensing after 50 km of Transmission Fibre using Coherent Optical Subassembly
Creators: name: Azendorf, Florian
name: Sandmann, André
name: Reimer, Wolfgang
name: Eiselt, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A coherent optical subassembly (COSA) is evaluated for coherent-correlation optical time domain reflectometry (CC-OTDR) based fibre sensing. Even though the COSA was originally designed for digital communication applications, acoustic signals with frequencies up to 360 Hz can be detected after 50 km of transmission.
description: This work has received funding from the Horizon Europe Framework Programme under grant agreement No 101093015 (SoFiN Project) and was partially funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research in the framework of the RUBIN project Quantifisens (Project ID 03RU1U071D)
Eigenvalues of perturbed Laplace operators on compact manifolds
Creators: name: Hassannezhad, Asma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We obtain upper bounds for the eigenvalues of the Schrödinger operator $L=Δ_g+q$ depending on integral quantities of the potential $q$ and a conformal invariant called the min-conformal volume. Moreover, when the Schrödinger operator $L$ is positive, integral quantities of $q$ which appear in upper bounds, can be replaced by the mean value of the potential $q$. The upper bounds we obtain are compatible with the asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalues. We also obtain upper bounds for the eigenvalues of the weighted Laplacian or the Bakry-Emery Laplacian $Δ_ϕ=Δ_g+\nabla_gϕ\cdot\nabla_g$ using two approaches: First, we use the fact that $Δ_ϕ$ is unitarily equivalent to a Schrödinger operator and we get an upper bound in terms of the $L^2$-norm of $\nabla_gϕ$ and the min-conformal volume. Second, we use its variational characterization and we obtain upper bounds in terms of the $L^\infty$-norm of $\nabla_gϕ$ and a new conformal invariant. The second approach leads to a Buser type upper bound and also gives upper bounds which do not depend on $ϕ$ when the Bakry-Emery Ricci curvature is non-negative.
Temperature Dependence of Highly Excited Exciton Polaritons in Semiconductor Microcavities
Creators: name: Horikiri, Tomoyuki
name: Matsuo, Yasuhiro
name: Shikano, Yutaka
name: Loeffler, Andreas
name: Hoefling, Sven
name: Forchel, Alfred
name: Yamamoto, Yoshihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of polariton condensation in semiconductor microcavities suggest that polaritons can be exploited as a novel type of laser with low input-power requirements. The low-excitation regime is approximately equivalent to thermal equilibrium, and a higher excitation results in more dominant nonequilibrium features. Although standard photon lasing has been experimentally observed in the high excitation regime, e-h pair binding can still remain even in the high-excitation regime theoretically. Therefore, the photoluminescence with a different photon lasing mechanism is predicted to be different from that with a standard photon lasing. In this paper, we report the temperature dependence of the change in photoluminescence with the excitation density. The second threshold behavior transited to the standard photon lasing is not measured at a low-temperature, high-excitation power regime. Our results suggest that there may still be an electron--hole pair at this regime to give a different photon lasing mechanism.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
We Do Have Memories Of The Future; We Just Cannot Make Sense Of Them.
Creators: name: Rogeau, Stephane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Arrow of time, Future, Entropy, Memory

description: From time to time, in the scientific literature or in science popularization articles, appears the question: Why do we remember the past but we can’t remember the future? This question, of course, finds its legitimacy in the time symmetry of the equations of physics. However, it is not always answered clearly, and there are still debates about the best way to explain this paradox. In the present article, I analyze the remembering process in the perspective of the entropic arrow of time to grasp the possibility of memories of the future, and to understand what that would actually mean.
A Novel Defocus-Blur Region Detection Approach Based on DCT Feature and PCNN Structure
Creators: name: Basar, Sadia
name: Ali, Mushtaq
name: Waheed, Abdul
name: Ahmad, Muneer
name: Miraz, Mahdi H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The motion or out-of-focus effect in digital images is the main reason for the blurred regions in defocused-blurred images. It may adversely affect various image features such as texture, pixel, and region. Therefore, it is important to detect in-focused objects in defocused-blurred images after the segmentation of blurred and non-blurred regions. The state-of-the-art techniques are prone to noisy pixels, and their local descriptors for developing segmentation metrics are also complex. To address these issues, this research, therefore, proposed a novel and hybrid-focused detection approach based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients and PC Neural Net (PCNN) structure. The proposed approach partially resolves the limitations of the existing contrast schemes to detect in-focused smooth objects from the out-of-focused smooth regions in the defocus dataset. The visual and quantitative evaluation illustrates that the proposed approach outperformed in terms of accuracy and efficiency to referenced algorithms. The highest F-score of the proposed approach on Zhao's dataset is 0.7940 whereas on Shi's dataset is 0.9178.
Strong anisotropy in two-dimensional surfaces with generic scale invariance: Gaussian and related models
Creators: name: Vivo, Edoardo
name: Nicoli, Matteo
name: Cuerno, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among systems that display generic scale invariance, those whose asymptotic properties are anisotropic in space (strong anisotropy, SA) have received a relatively smaller attention, specially in the context of kinetic roughening for two-dimensional surfaces. This is in contrast with their experimental ubiquity, e.g. in the context of thin film production by diverse techniques. Based on exact results for integrable (linear) cases, here we formulate a SA Ansatz that, albeit equivalent to existing ones borrowed from equilibrium critical phenomena, is more naturally adapted to the type of observables that are measured in experiments on the dynamics of thin films, such as one and two-dimensional height structure factors. We test our Ansatz on a paradigmatic nonlinear stochastic equation displaying strong anisotropy like the Hwa-Kardar equation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1813 (1989)], that was initially proposed to describe the interface dynamics of running sand piles. A very important role to elucidate its SA properties is played by an accurate (Gaussian) approximation through a non-local linear equation that shares the same asymptotic properties.
A saturation property of structures obtained by forcing with a compact family of random variables
Creators: name: Krajicek, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C90, 03C50, 03H99

description: A method how to construct Boolean-valued models of some fragments of arithmetic was developed in Krajicek (2011), with the intended applications in bounded arithmetic and proof complexity. Such a model is formed by a family of random variables defined on a pseudo-finite sample space. We show that under a fairly natural condition on the family (called compactness in K.(2011)) the resulting structure has a property that is naturally interpreted as saturation for existential types. We also give an example showing that this cannot be extended to universal types.
description: preprint February 2012
title: CETA and Global Governance Law: What Kind of Model Agreement Is It Really in Law?
Creators: name: Fahey, Elaine
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: global governance
subject: mega regionals
subject: integration
subject: EU law
subject: international relations
subject: CETA

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2017 2(1), 293-302
description: European Forum Insight of 9 February 2017
description: I. Introduction. - II. CETA negotiations. - II.1. Background to the CETA negotiations. - II.2. Ramification challenges. - III. CETA legal provisions. - III.1. Overview of the CETA legal provisions. - III.2. Regulatory cooperation. - III.3. Absence of direct effect. - III.4. Investment protection and dispute settlement. - III.5. The exceptions. - IV. Conclusions: Is CETA the best model for global governance?
description: The EU-Canada Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) provides for the free movement of goods, persons and capital to various degrees and its depth and breadth remain to be seen, as a high profile next generation WTO plus Agreement. CETA may well become a model for future mega regionals, for reasons of its new model and scope. It is quite significant that CETA and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) are treated as related agreements. TTIP and Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) signified a shift towards the regulatory structures of the so-called mega regionals. The evolution of CETA as a survivor of a new form of second generation free trade agreement achieves all the more prominence for its efforts. As a result, while modest enough in relative terms in contrast with TTIP, it is still an important effort to integrate developed legal orders and construct new configurations of global governance. This account thus considers the nature and substance of CETA. The paper presents the background to the CETA negotiations, ratification challenges, the aims and benefits of the text, followed by detailed consideration of its legal provisions and conclusions.
Using participatory rural appraisal to investigate food production, nutrition and safety in the Tanzanian dairy value chain
Creators: name: Häsler, Barbara
name: Msalya, George
name: Roesel, Kristina
name: Fornace, Kimberly
name: Eltholth, Mahmoud
name: Sikira, Anna
name: Kurwijila, Lusato
name: Rushton, Jonathan
name: Grace, Delia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: cow milk
subject: consumer choice
subject: milk quality
subject: food safety
subject: food security
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::614 Inzidenz und Prävention von Krankheiten

description: Identifying and implementing interventions that create co-benefits in terms of food and nutrition security as well as food safety requires an interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach. This study was part of a larger project that applied an integrated framework for combined nutritional, food safety and value chain analysis to assess the dairy value chain in two regions of Tanzania, namely Morogoro and Tanga. Here, we report on the use of participatory rural appraisals (PRAs) with producers and consumers to investigate seasonality, constraints and opportunities in cow milk production and consumption in ten villages in Tanzania and describe attitudes and practices surrounding milk quality and safety. The PRAs allowed identifying strong seasonal milk production and consumption practices reflecting rainfall patterns and a dependence on the natural environment. A wide range of production constraints were described by producers including insufficient technical know-how, poor quality breeds, cattle diseases, lack of capital, feed, water and reliable markets. While milk availability had a strong influence on milk consumption, findings showed that there are a range of other factors such as the consistency of milk, purchasing power and the availability of other foods which also influence consumer choice. A dependence on sensory milk quality attributes in the absence of other systems of certification was described. Both producers and consumers showed little concern regarding potentially contaminated milk despite an awareness of the existence of milkborne disease risks. The results indicate great potential for upscaling dairy production and at the same time highlight that any such interventions should carefully consider mitigation measures for food safety risks.
Extension of Radiative Transfer Coherent Backscattering RT-CB code to dense discrete random media
Creators: name: Markkanen, Johannes
name: Penttilä, Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Radiative transfer coherent backscattering (RT-CB) code is extended to apply to dense discrete random media of optically soft spherical particles. This is achieved by utilizing the well-known static-structure-factor (SSF) correction derived from the Percus-Yevick approximation for sticky-hard-sphere (SHS) pair correlation function. The code is verified against the numerically exact electromagnetic method for small spherical media consisting of submicrometer-sized icy particles at optical wavelengths. The SSF-corrected RT-CB method significantly improves solution accuracy, and the solution agrees well with the numerically exact solution when the packing density is less than 20% and particles are optically soft, i.e., the refractive index of particles is close to that of the background medium.
Micro-Bullet Assembly: Interactions of Oriented Dipoles in Confined Nematic Liquid Crystal
Creators: name: Gharbi, Mohamed Amine
name: Cavallaro,, Marcello
name: Wu, Gaoxiang
name: Beller, Daniel A.
name: Kamien, Randall D.
name: Yang, Shu
name: Stebe, Kathleen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microbullet particles, cylinders with one blunt and one spherical end, offer a novel platform to study the effects of anisotropy and curvature on colloidal assembly in complex fluids. Here, we disperse microbullets in 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cells and form oriented elastic dipoles with a nematic point defect located near the curved end. This feature allows us to study particle interactions as a function of dipole alignment. By careful control of the surface anchoring at the particle surface and the confining boundaries, we study the interactions and assembly of microbullets under various conditions. When microbullets with homeotropic surface anchoring are dispersed in a planar cell, parallel dipoles form linear chains parallel to the director, similar to the observations of spherical particles in a planar cell, while antiparallel dipoles orient side-to-side. In a homeotropic cell, however, particles rotate to orient their long axis parallel to the director. When so aligned, parallel dipoles repel and form 2D ordered assemblies with hexagonal symmetry that ripen over time owing to attraction between antiparallel neighbors. Further, we show that the anchoring conditions inside the cell can be altered by application of an electrical field, allowing us to flip microbullets to orient parallel to the director, an effect driven by an elastic torque. Finally, we detail the mechanisms that control the formation of 1D chains and hexagonal lattices with respect to the elasticity of the NLC.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, the full catastrophe, version to be published
Resonant non-Gaussianity with equilateral properties
Creators: name: Gwyn, Rhiannon
name: Rummel, Markus
name: Westphal, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the effect of superimposing multiple sources of resonant non-Gaussianity, which arise for instance in models of axion inflation. The resulting sum of oscillating shape contributions can be used to "Fourier synthesize" different non-oscillating shapes in the bispectrum. As an example we reproduce an approximately equilateral shape from the superposition of ${\cal O}(10)$ oscillatory contributions with resonant shape. This implies a possible degeneracy between the equilateral-type non-Gaussianity typical of models with non-canonical kinetic terms, such as DBI inflation, and an equilateral-type shape arising from a superposition of resonant-type contributions in theories with canonical kinetic terms. The absence of oscillations in the 2-point function together with the structure of the resonant $N$-point functions, imply that detection of equilateral non-Gaussianity at a level greater than the PLANCK sensitivity of $f_{NL}\sim{\cal O}(5)$ will rule out a resonant origin. We comment on the questions arising from possible embeddings of this idea in a string theory setting.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures. Version 2: minor clarifications added, typos fixed
Edge-pinning effect of graphene nanoflakes sliding atop graphene
Creators: name: Liu, Yingchao
name: Ren, Jinlong
name: Kong, Decheng
name: Shan, Guangcun
name: Dou, Kunpeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Edge effect is one of the detrimental factors preventing superlubricity in laminar solid lubricants. Separating the friction contribution from the edge atom and inner atom is of paramount importance for rational design of ultralow friction across scales in van der Waals heterostructures. To decouple these contributions and provide the underlying microscopic origin at the atomistic level, we considered two contrast models, namely, graphene nanoflakes with dimerized and pristine edges sliding on graphene monolayer based on extensive ab initio calculations. We found the edge contribution to friction is lattice orientation dependence. In particular, edge pinning effect by dimerization is obvious for misaligned contact but suppressed in aligned lattice orientation. The former case providing local commensuration along edges is reminiscent of Aubry's pinned phase and the contribution of per edge carbon atom to the sliding potential energy corrugation is even 1.5 times more than that of an atom in bilayer graphene under commensurate contact. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the dimerized edges as high frictional pinning sites are robust to strain engineering and even enhanced by fluorination. Both structural and chemical modification in the tribological system constructed here offers the atomic details to dissect the undesirable edge pinning effect in layered materials which may give rise to the marked discrepancies in measured friction parameters from the same superlubric sample or different samples with the same size and identical preparation.
description: 18 pages,6 figures
24-h variations of blood serum metabolites in high yielding dairy cows and calves
Creators: name: Hussein, Hussein Awad
name: Thurmann, Jan-Peter
name: Staufenbiel, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Calves
subject: Diurnal
subject: Dairy cows
subject: Metabolic profile
subject: Sampling
subject: Variations
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Background Blood profile testing is commonly used to monitor herd health status, diagnose disorders, and predict the risk of diseases in cows and calves, with subsequent optimization the production of dairy herds. By understanding the physiological ranges of serum metabolites relative to age, lactation stage, and the sampling time in healthy cows and calves, the dairy practitioners can accurately diagnose abnormalities with a blood test. The effect of sampling time on the variation of serum metabolites within 24 h were evaluated in 83 cattle. All animals were originated from a dairy herd, where the animals, based on their ages and lactation stages, were classified into eight groups. The blood samples were collected from each animal every 4 h within a day. Results The time of sampling within the day showed significant influences on the serum concentrations of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and urea. BHBA was the most metabolite that showed day variation among cows' groups. Furthermore, the concentrations of total cholesterol were the most stable metabolite in all groups. The mean values of albumin, total proteins, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHBA, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, urea, and creatinine revealed significant variations among the different studied groups. Conclusions A certain suitable time of blood sample collection cannot be recommended. However, care shall be taken for the time of sampling for measurements of glucose, NEFA, BHBA and urea, otherwise the comparative values of these metabolites at different sampling time points may differ significantly from each other's, without a disease cause. It may be recommended, for metabolic assessment of dairy herds, classification the subjects into different groups based on lactation stages and ages of animals.
Nitrogen eutrophication particularly promotes turf algae in coral reefs of the central Red Sea
Creators: name: Karcher, Denis B.
name: Roth, Florian
name: Carvalho, Susana Carvalho
name: El-Khaled, Yusuf C.
name: Tilstra, Arjen
name: Kürten, Benjamin
name: Struck, Ulrich
name: Jones, Burton H.
name: Wild, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: coral reefs
subject: nutrients
subject: stable isotopes
subject: nitrogen cycling
subject: eutrophication
subject: turf algae
subject: zooxanthellae
subject: phase shifts
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: While various sources increasingly release nutrients to the Red Sea, knowledge about their effects on benthic coral reef communities is scarce. Here, we provide the first comparative assessment of the response of all major benthic groups (hard and soft corals, turf algae and reef sands—together accounting for 80% of the benthic reef community) to in-situ eutrophication in a central Red Sea coral reef. For 8 weeks, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were experimentally increased 3-fold above environmental background concentrations around natural benthic reef communities using a slow release fertilizer with 15% total nitrogen (N) content. We investigated which major functional groups took up the available N, and how this changed organic carbon (Corg) and N contents using elemental and stable isotope measurements. Findings revealed that hard corals (in their tissue), soft corals and turf algae incorporated fertilizer N as indicated by significant increases in δ15N by 8%, 27% and 28%, respectively. Among the investigated groups, Corg content significantly increased in sediments (+24%) and in turf algae (+33%). Altogether, this suggests that among the benthic organisms only turf algae were limited by N availability and thus benefited most from N addition. Thereby, based on higher Corg content, turf algae potentially gained competitive advantage over, for example, hard corals. Local management should, thus, particularly address DIN eutrophication by coastal development and consider the role of turf algae as potential bioindicator for eutrophication.
d-d Dative Bonding Between Iron and the Alkaline-Earth Metals Calcium, Strontium, and Barium
Creators: name: Stegner, Philipp
name: Färber, Christian
name: Oetzel, Jan
name: Siemeling, Ulrich
name: Wiesinger, Michael
name: Langer, Jens
name: Pan, Sudip
name: Holzmann, Nicole
name: Albold, Uta
name: Sarkar, Biprajit
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: alkaline-earth metals
subject: ferrocene
subject: metal-metal bonding
subject: theoretical chemistry
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Double deprotonation of the diamine 1,1 '-(tBuCH(2)NH)-ferrocene (1-H-2) by alkaline-earth (Ae) or Eu(II)metal reagents gave the complexes1-Ae (Ae=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and1-Eu.1-Mg crystallized as a monomer while the heavier complexes crystallized as dimers. The Fe...Mg distance in1-Mg is too long for a bonding interaction, but short Fe...Ae distances in1-Ca,1-Sr, and1-Ba clearly support intramolecular Fe...Ae bonding. Further evidence for interactions is provided by a tilting of the Cp rings and the related(1)H NMR chemical-shift difference between the Cp alpha and beta protons. While electrochemical studies are complicated by complex decomposition, UV/Vis spectral features of the complexes support Fe -> Ae dative bonding. A comprehensive bonding analysis of all1-Ae complexes shows that the heavier species1-Ca,1-Sr, and1-Ba possess genuine Fe -> Ae bonds which involve vacant d-orbitals of the alkaline-earth atoms and partially filled d-orbitals on Fe. In1-Mg, a weak Fe -> Mg donation into vacant p-orbitals of the Mg atom is observed.
How Slow Rock Weathering Balances Nutrient Loss During Fast Forest Floor Turnover in Montane, Temperate Forest Ecosystems
Creators: name: Uhlig, David
name: Blanckenburg, Friedhelm Von
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: mineral nutrients
subject: ecosystem nutrition
subject: chemical weathering
subject: plant litter erosion
subject: dissolved plant litter export
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Mineral nutrient cycling between trees and the forest floor is key to forest ecosystem nutrition. However, in sloping, well-drained landscapes the forest floor experiences permanent nutrient loss in particulate form by plant litter erosion and as solute after plant litter decomposition, solubilisation, and export. To prevent nutrient deficit, a replenishing mechanism must be in operation that we suggest to be sourced in the subsoil and the weathering zone beneath it, provided that atmospheric input is insufficient. To explore such a mechanism, we quantified deep (up to 20 m depth) weathering and mineral nutrient cycling in two montane, temperate forest ecosystems in Southern Germany: Black Forest (CON) and Bavarian Forest (MIT). From measurements of the inventories, turnover times, and fluxes of macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg, P) we found evidence for a fast, shallow “organic nutrient cycle”, and a slow, deep “geogenic nutrient pathway”. We found that the finite nutrient pool size of the forest floor persists for a few years only. Despite this loss, foliar nutrient concentrations in Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica do not indicate deficiency. We infer that ultimately the biologically available fraction in the deep regolith (CON: 3–7 m, MIT: 3–17 m) balances nutrient loss from the forest floor and is also decisive for the level of the forest trees' mineral nutrient stoichiometry. Intriguingly, although the nutrient supply fluxes from chemical weathering at CON are twice those of MIT, nutrient uptake fluxes into trees do not differ. The organic nutrient cycle apparently regulates the efficiency of nutrient re-utilization from organic matter to cater for differences in its replenishment by the deep geogenic nutrient pathway, and thereby ensures long-term forest ecosystem nutrition.
On the abelian fivefolds attached to cubic surfaces
Creators: name: Achter, Jeff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J10

description: To a family of smooth projective cubic surfaces one can canonically associate a family of abelian fivefolds. In characteristic zero, we calculate the Hodge groups of the abelian varieties which arise in this way. In arbitrary characteristic we calculate the monodromy group of the universal family of abelian varieties, and thus show that the Galois group of the 27 lines on a suitably general cubic surface in positive characteristic is as large as possible.
description: Fixed classification of Hodge groups; other small edits
title: Denialism as the Supreme Expression of Realism - A Quick Comment on NF v. European Council
Creators: name: Cannizzaro, Enzo
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: EU-Turkey deal
subject: attribution
subject: decisions of the Member States representatives meeting within the Council

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2017 2(1), 251-257
description: European Forum Insight of 15 March 2017
description: I. A further step in the troubled qualification of the EU-Turkey deal. - II. The standard of attribution adopted by the General Court. - III. The many misgivings of the Order. - IV. Constitutional implications. - V. Conclusions.
description: By Order of 28 February 2017 in case T-192/16, NF v. European Council, the General Court dismissed as inadmissible an action for annulment brought against the s.c. EU-Turkey deal concluded on 18 March 2016. In the view of the General Court, independently of its binding nature, the deal is to be attributed to the Member States and not to the EU. This Insight examines the technical shortcomings of this conclusion, and its controversial political wisdom.
Spin-dominated waveforms for unequal mass compact binaries
Creators: name: Tápai, Márton
name: Keresztes, Zoltán
name: Gergely, László Árpád
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive spin-dominated waveforms (SDW) for binary systems composed of spinning black holes with unequal masses (less than 1:30). Such systems could be formed by an astrophysical black hole with a smaller black hole or a neutron star companion; and typically arise for supermassive black hole encounters. SDW characterize the last stages of the inspiral, when the larger spin dominates over the orbital angular momentum (while the spin of the smaller companion can be neglected). They emerge as a double expansion in the post-Newtonian parameter $\varepsilon$ and the ratio $ξ$ of the orbital angular momentum and dominant spin. The SDW amplitudes are presented to ($\varepsilon^{3/2},ξ$) orders, while the phase of the gravitational waves to ($\varepsilon^{2},ξ$) orders (omitting the highest order mixed terms). To this accuracy the amplitude includes the (leading order) spin-orbit contributions, while the phase the (leading order) spin-orbit, self-spin and mass quadrupole-monopole contributions. While the SDW hold for any mass ratio smaller than 1:30, lower bounds for the mass ratios are derived from the best sensitivity frequency range expected for Advanced LIGO (giving 1:140), the Einstein Telescope ($7\times 10^{-4}$), the LAGRANGE ($7\times 10^{-7}$) and LISA missions ($7\times 10^{-9}$), respectively.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables, published version
Friedel-Crafts Type Methylation with Dimethylhalonium Salts
Creators: name: Hämmerling, Sebastian
name: Vossnacker, Patrick
name: Steinhauer, Simon
name: Beckers, Helmut
name: Riedel, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: electrophilic substitution
subject: halonium ions
subject: methylation
subject: reaction mechanism
subject: weakly coordinating anion
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The dimethylchloronium salt [Me2Cl][Al(OTeF5)(4)] is used to methylate electron-deficient aromatic systems in Friedel-Crafts type reactions as shown by the synthesis ofN-methylated cations, such as [MeNC5F5](+), [MeNC5F4I](+), and [MeN3C3F3](+). To gain a better understanding of such fundamental Friedel-Crafts reactions, the role of the dimethylchloronium cation has been evaluated by quantum-chemical calculations.