cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Modification and the Performance Enhancement of Solar Biomass Dryer
Creators: name: Ahmed, Tanvir
name: Zaman, Tanjid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drying is an important agricultural process, particularly for crops, and shriveled products are used all over the world. The performance of drying green chili was also tested in this article, which created an alternate way of drying agricultural products. The goal of this study is to provide a solar biomass hybrid dryer with improved design, construction, and performance testing. During most hours of the trial, the temperature within the solar collector and dryer was sufficiently higher than the ambient temperature, according to the results obtained during the test period. The temperature of the ambient air at the collector intake ranged from 30 to 35 degrees Celsius. The temperature of the air at the collector's outlet ranged from 54 to 64 degrees Celsius, while the temperature of the drying chamber ranged from 51 to 60 degrees Celsius, making it suitable for drying green chili and a variety of other agricultural products. The collector was found to be 46.54 percent efficient. The findings revealed that the alteration of the collector, which produces turbulent air flow and improves chamber wall insulation, affects drying. Based on the results of this study, the created solar biomass hybrid drier is cost-effective for small-scale crop growers in rural areas of developing countries.
description: 8 Pages, 13 Figures
Star cluster survival and compressive tides in Antennae-like mergers
Creators: name: Renaud, F.
name: Boily, C. M.
name: Fleck, J. -J.
name: Naab, T.
name: Theis, Ch.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational tides are widely understood to strip and destroy galactic substructures. In the course of a galaxy merger, however, transient totally compressive tides may develop and prevent star forming regions from dissolving, after they condensed to form clusters of stars. We study the statistics of such compressive modes in an N-body model of the galaxy merger NGC 4038/39 (the Antennae) and show that ~15% of the disc material undergoes compressive tides at pericentre. The spatial distribution of observed young clusters in the overlap and nuclear regions of the Antennae matches surprisingly well the location of compressive tides obtained from simulation data. Furthermore, the statistics of time intervals spent by individual particles embedded in a compressive tide yields a log-normal distribution of characteristic time ~10 Myr, comparable to star cluster formation timescales. We argue that this generic process is operative in galaxy mergers at all redshifts and possibly enhances the formation of star clusters. We show with a model calculation that this process will prevent the dissolution of a star cluster during the formation phase, even for a star formation efficiency as low as ~10%. The transient nature of compressive tides implies that clusters may dissolve rapidly once the tidal field switches to the usual disruptive mode.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters. For higher resolution, see http://astro.u-strasbg.fr/~renaud/publi/mnras08.pdf
Fast Frequency Support Control in the GB Power System using VSC-HVDC Technology
Creators: Luis Orellana
Victor Matilla
Sheng Wang
Daniel Adeuyi
Carlos Ugalde
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2017

2017 PES ISGT Europe
This presentation was part of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies: ISGT Europe 2017, sponsored by the IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES). The conference was held from on September 26-29, 2017 at Politecnico di Torino in Torino, Italy.
Future of Substation Physical Security
Creators: C. Stiegemeier
G. Becker
J. Kappenman
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2018

2018 PES T&D Panel Presentation
Compact High Voltage Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) coupled with underground transmission can effectively and economically build energy bunkers as opposed to large traditional Air Insulated Substations (AIS) requiring fortress like protection (exterior and interior 8-20' walls with interlocking gating, curved roadways, anti-drone capability, extensive high intensity lighting and camera systems, forward looking radar, mantraps, annual first responder training and security guards). This panel will present resilient solutions: hiding substations and switchyards underground or in a building; digital solutions enabling predictive asset health and performance; a program to significantly reduce the risk and rapidly repaid/replace/harden transformers; and new solar storm and EMP mitigation solutions providing simpler and lower cost approaches to hardening against those threats.
Obscuring Active Galactic Nuclei with Nuclear Starburst Disks
Creators: name: Ballantyne, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assess the potential of nuclear starburst disks to obscure the Seyfert-like AGN that dominate the hard X-ray background at z~1. Over 1200 starburst disk models, based on the theory developed by Thompson et al., are calculated for five input parameters: the black hole mass, the radial size of the starburst disk, the dust-to-gas ratio, the efficiency of angular momentum transport in the disk, and the gas fraction at the outer disk radius. We find that a large dust-to-gas ratio, a relatively small starburst disk, a significant gas mass fraction, and efficient angular momentum transport are all important to produce a starburst disk that can potentially obscure an AGN. The typical maximum star-formation rate in the disks is ~10 solar masses per year. Assuming no mass-loss due to outflows, the starburst disks feed gas onto the black hole at rates sufficient to produce hard X-ray luminosities of 10^{43}-10^{44} erg s^{-1}. The starburst disks themselves should be detectable at mid-infrared and radio wavelengths; at z=0.8, the predicted fluxes are ~1 mJy at 24microns and ~10-30 microJy at 1.4GHz. Thus, we predict a large fraction of radio/X-ray matches in future deep radio surveys. The starburst disks should be easily distinguished from AGN in future 100microns surveys by Herschel with expected fluxes of ~5 mJy. Any AGN-obscuring starbursts will be associated with hot dust, independent of AGN heating, resulting in observable signatures for separating galactic and nuclear star-formation. Finally, because of the competition between gas and star-formation, nuclear starbursts will be associated with lower-luminosity AGN. Thus, this phenomenon is a natural explanation for the observed decrease in the fraction of obscured AGN with luminosity.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, 3 in color; accepted by ApJ
Interface-Induced Conservation of Momentum Leads to Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity
Creators: name: Vittmann, Clemens
name: Kessing, R. Kevin
name: Lim, James
name: Huelga, Susana F.
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of electron transmission from a straight waveguide to a helix with spin-orbit coupling. Transmission is found to be spin-selective and can lead to large spin polarizations of the itinerant electrons. The degree of spin selectivity depends on the width of the interface region, and no polarization is found for single-point couplings. We show that this is due to momentum conservation conditions arising from extended interfaces. We therefore identify interface structure and conservation of momentum as crucial ingredients for chiral-induced spin selectivity, and confirm that this mechanism is robust against static disorder.
Polarimetry with a soft x-ray spectrometer
Creators: name: Marshall, Herman L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An approach for measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad-band using conventional spectroscopic optics is described. A set of multilayer-coated flats reflect the dispersed X-rays to the instrument detectors. The intensity variation as a function of energy and position angle is measured to determine three Stokes parameters: I, Q, and U. By laterally grading the multilayer optics and matching the dispersion of the gratings, one may take advantage of high multilayer reflectivities and achieve modulation factors over 80% over the entire 0.2 to 0.8 keV band. A sample design is shown that could be used with a small orbiting mission.
description: Accepted for publication in the proceedings of the SPIE, volume 7011
Transparency and accountability in healthcare: bridging antiracism and quality improvement to advance health equity
Creators: name: Black, Kristin Z.
name: Hausmann, Leslie R. M.
name: Griesemer, Ida
name: Baker, Stephanie
name: Gurewich, Deborah
name: Garikipati, Aditi
name: Husain, Rabab
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2025

description:
The terms transparency and accountability appear in various disciplines and frameworks as organizational ideals or guiding principles for governance, but there is limited cross-sector analysis of what these terms mean and how they may be employed to advance population health equity. Two models guiding current healthcare improvement processes, Learning Health Systems and High Reliability Organizations, reference transparency and accountability but lack an explicit emphasis on the role they play in eliminating racial disparities in healthcare. In this commentary, we examine ideas developed by community organizers such as the need for transparent communication across sociological levels (e.g. community, organization, and interpersonal levels) and accountability to historically and systematically oppressed groups by actively shifting power from institutions to community members. A multilevel view of transparency and accountability can guide healthcare systems as they navigate the complex task of undoing structural racism in their institutional policies and practices. The Veterans Health Administration, a national healthcare system committed to being a Learning Health Systems and High Reliability Organization, should draw lessons from community organizing to make transparency and accountability to Veterans from historically oppressed identity groups central principles guiding quality improvement efforts.
Recent Transmission FACTS Installations
Creators: M. McVey. S. Kolluri
M. Cameron
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2018

2018 PES T&D Panel Presentation
As network conditions continue to shift within transmission systems, additional flexibility and controllability are significant drivers for application solutions. FACTS technologies are well suited to meet these challenges now and in the foreseeable future. This panel will cover the network challenges and provided solution and operational experience of recent transmission FACTS installations.
Landau-Yang Theorem and Decays of a Z' Boson into Two Z Bosons
Creators: name: Keung, Wai-Yee
name: Low, Ian
name: Shu, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the decay of a Z' boson into two Z bosons by extending the Landau-Yang theorem to a parent particle decaying into two Z bosons. For a spin-1 parent the theorem predicts: 1) there are only two possible couplings and 2) the normalized differential cross-section depends on kinematics only through a phase shift in the azimuthal angle between the two decay planes of the Z boson. When the parent is a Z' the two possible couplings are anomaly-induced and CP-violating, respectively. At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) effects of the two couplings could be disentangled when both Z bosons decay leptonically.
description: 4 pages and 1 figure. The final version has been made as close as possible to the final published version in Phys. Rev. Lett
Catching Consumers and Distributed Generation Flexibility to improve Demand Response
Creators: Z. Vale
P. Faria
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2018

2018 PES T&D Panel Presentation
Consumer flexibility, deployed under a diversity of incentive and price-based demand response programs and incentives for distributed generation, has a huge potential to the increase of the smart grid efficiency. The aim is to take full advantage of the potential of consumer demand flexibility, while ensuring their proper remuneration and increasing the efficiency of the whole energy and power system. In spite of the low cost and huge unexplored potential, demand response use is still at very low levels around the world. The identification of the most prominent solutions and business models will be achieved by the contributors for this special session that will bring experience in the development and use of effective solutions in the field.
Sparse Signal Representation of Ultrasonic Signals for Structural Health Monitoring Applications
Creators: name: Perelli, Alessandro <1985>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: ING-INF/01 Elettronica

description: Assessment of the integrity of structural components is of great importance for aerospace systems, land and marine transportation, civil infrastructures and other biological and mechanical applications. Guided waves (GWs) based inspections are an attractive mean for structural health monitoring. In this thesis, the study and development of techniques for GW ultrasound signal analysis and compression in the context of non-destructive testing of structures will be presented. In guided wave inspections, it is necessary to address the problem of the dispersion compensation. A signal processing approach based on frequency warping was adopted. Such operator maps the frequencies axis through a function derived by the group velocity of the test material and it is used to remove the  dependence on the travelled distance from the acquired signals. Such processing strategy was fruitfully applied for impact location and damage localization tasks in composite and aluminum panels. It has been shown that, basing on this processing tool, low power embedded system for GW structural monitoring can be implemented. Finally, a new procedure based on Compressive Sensing has been developed and applied for data reduction. Such procedure has also a beneficial effect in enhancing the accuracy of structural defects localization. This algorithm uses the convolutive model of the propagation of ultrasonic guided waves which takes advantage of a sparse signal representation in the warped frequency domain. The recovery from the compressed samples is based on an alternating minimization procedure which achieves both an accurate reconstruction of the ultrasonic signal and a precise estimation of waves time of flight. Such information is used to feed hyperbolic or elliptic localization procedures, for accurate impact or damage localization.
title: Variation of individual location radiance in VIIRS DNB monthly composite images
Creators: name: Coesfeld, Jacqueline
name: Anderson, Sharolyn J.
name: Baugh, Kimberly
name: Elvidge, Christopher D.
name: Schernthanner, Harald
name: Kyba, Christopher C. M.
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten

description: With the growing size and use of night light time series from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band (DNB), it is important to understand the stability of the dataset. All satellites observe differences in pixel values during repeat observations. In the case of night light data, these changes can be due to both environmental effects and changes in light emission. Here we examine the stability of individual locations of particular large scale light sources (e.g., airports and prisons) in the monthly composites of DNB data from April 2012 to September 2017. The radiances for individual pixels of most large light emitters are approximately normally distributed, with a standard deviation of typically 15-20% of the mean. Greenhouses and flares, however, are not stable sources. We observe geospatial autocorrelation in the monthly variations for nearby sites, while the correlation for sites separated by large distances is small. This suggests that local factors contribute most to the variation in the pixel radiances and furthermore that averaging radiances over large areas will reduce the total variation. A better understanding of the causes of temporal variation would improve the sensitivity of DNB to lighting changes.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1113
Coherent Electromagnetic Emission from Relativistic Magnetized Shocks
Creators: name: Sironi, Lorenzo
name: Plotnikov, Illya
name: Nättilä, Joonas
name: Beloborodov, Andrei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic magnetized shocks are a natural source of coherent emission, offering a plausible radiative mechanism for Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs). We present first-principles 3D simulations that provide essential information for the FRB models based on shocks: the emission efficiency, spectrum, and polarization. The simulated shock propagates in an $e^\pm$ plasma with magnetization $σ>1$. The measured fraction of shock energy converted to coherent radiation is $\simeq 10^{-3} \, σ^{-1}$, and the energy-carrying wavenumber of the wave spectrum is $\simeq 4 \,ω_{\rm c}/c$, where $ω_{\rm c}$ is the upstream gyrofrequency. The ratio of the O-mode and X-mode energy fluxes emitted by the shock is $\simeq 0.4\,σ^{-1}$. The dominance of the X-mode at $σ\gg 1$ is particularly strong, approaching 100% in the spectral band around $2\,ω_{\rm c}$. We also provide a detailed description of the emission mechanism for both X- and O-modes.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted to PRL
title: The Leniency Rule Revisited: Experiments on Cartel Formation with Open Communication
Creators: name: Andres, Maximilian
name: Bruttel, Lisa
name: Friedrichsen, Jana
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: The experimental literature on antitrust enforcement provides robust evidence that communication plays an important role for the formation and stability of cartels. We extend these studies through a design that distinguishes between innocuous communication and communication about a cartel, sanctioning only the latter. To this aim, we introduce a participant in the role of the competition authority, who is properly incentivized to judge communication content and price setting behavior of the firms. Using this novel design, we revisit the question whether a leniency rule successfully destabilizes cartels. In contrast to existing experimental studies, we find that a leniency rule does not affect cartelization. We discuss potential explanations for this contrasting result.
description: CEPA Discussion Papers; 24
Boson Hubbard model with weakly coupled Fermions
Creators: name: Lutchyn, R. M.
name: Tewari, S.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using an imaginary-time path integral approach, we develop the perturbation theory suited to the boson Hubbard model, and apply it to calculate the effects of a dilute gas of spin-polarized fermions weakly interacting with the bosons. The full theory captures both the static and the dynamic effects of the fermions on the generic superfluid-insulator phase diagram. We find that, in a homogenous system described by a single-band boson Hubbard Hamiltonian, the intrinsic perturbative effect of the fermions is to generically suppress the insulating lobes and to enhance the superfluid phase.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure; final version as published in PRB
DOE - Austin Energy Shines Partnership: Achieving Sustainable and Holistic Integration of Energy Storage and Solar PV
Creators: D. Smith
L. Martin
D. Sowder
T. Williams
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2018

2018 PES T&D Panel Presentation
Under funding from DOE's SHINES program, Austin Energy is creating a DER management platform that maintains grid reliability while also enabling energy loads to be delivered at the lowest possible costs when there are high penetration levels of distributed PV generation. Austin Energy, Doosan GridTech and their partners will design and install more than 3 megawatts of distributed storage, smart solar inverters, a DER control platform, and other technologies utilizing customer and utility locations and multiple aggregation models. The goal is to demonstrate a DER solution adaptable to any region and market structure that offers a credible pathway to a system levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for solar when augmented by storage and other DER management options. This panel will provide insights on what it takes to deliver on this advanced DER platform and how utilities facing similar scenarios like Austin Energy will benefit from the outcomes of this project.
Vortex trapping and expulsion in thin-film type-II superconducting strips
Creators: name: Kuit, K. H.
name: Kirtley, J. R.
name: Clem, J. R.
name: Rogalla, H.
name: Flokstra, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vortex trapping is investigated in thin-film strips of superconducting material. We present a model for the critical field above which vortex trapping occurs in these strips. This model includes the pairing energy of vortex-antivortex pairs in addition to the energy of single vortices. Experimental verification of the model with a scanning SQUID microscope shows very good agreement between the model and experiments on YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Nb strips. Statistical analysis of the vortex distribution in the strips above the critical field has been performed and a comparison has been made between Nb and YBa2Cu3O7-delta for the distributions in the lateral and longitudinal directions.
The Nature and Origin of Low-Redshift O VI Absorbers
Creators: name: Oppenheimer, Benjamin D.
name: Davé, Romeel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The O VI ion observed in quasar absorption line spectra is the most accessible tracer of the cosmic metal distribution in the low redshift (z<0.5) intergalactic medium (IGM). We explore the nature and origin of O VI absorbers using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations including galactic outflows. We consider the effects of ionization background variations, non-equilibrium ionization and cooling, uniform metallicity, and small-scale (sub-resolution) turbulence. Our main results are 1) IGM O VI is predominantly photo-ionized with T= 10^(4.2+/-0.2) K. A key reason for this is that O VI absorbers preferentially trace over-enriched regions of the IGM at a given density, which enhances metal-line cooling such that absorbers can cool within a Hubble time. As such, O VI is not a good tracer of the WHIM. 2) The predicted O VI properties fit observables only if sub-resolution turbulence is added. The required turbulence increases with O VI absorber strength such that stronger absorbers arise from more recent outflows with turbulence dissipating on the order of a Hubble time. The amount of turbulence is consistent with other examples of turbulence observed in the IGM and galactic halos. 3) Metals traced by O VI and H I do not trace exactly the same baryons, but reside in the same large-scale structure. Observed alignment statistics are reproduced in our simulations. 4) Photo-ionized O VI traces gas in a variety of environments, and is not directly associated with the nearest galaxy, though is typically nearest to ~0.1L* galaxies. Weaker O VI components trace some of the oldest cosmic metals. 5) Very strong absorbers are more likely to be collisionally ionized, tracing more recent enrichment (<2 Gyr) within or near galactic halos.
description: 33 pages, 18 figures, accepted to MNRAS. Two new figures added
Modelling the correlated keV/TeV light curves of Be/gamma-ray binaries
Creators: name: Chen, A. M.
name: Takata, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Be/$γ$-ray binaries comprise a confirmed or presumptive pulsar orbiting a Be star and emit luminous $γ$-rays. Non-thermal emissions are thought to arise from synchrotron radiation and inverse-Compton (IC) scattering in the shock where the pulsar wind is terminated by the stellar outflow. We study wind interactions and shock radiations from such systems and show that the bimodal structures observed in keV/TeV light curves are caused by enhanced synchrotron radiation and IC scattering during disc passages. We use a simple radiation model to reproduce orbital modulations of keV X-ray and TeV $γ$-ray flux and compare with two confirmed pulsar/Be star binaries (i.e. PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 and PSR J2032+4127/MT91 213), and two candidates (i.e. HESS J0632+057 and LS I +61$^{\circ}$303). We find that the keV/TeV light curves of the former two binaries can be well explained by the inclined disc model, while modelling the modulated emissions of the latter two sources remains challenging with current orbital solutions. Therefore, we propose alternative orbital geometries for HESS J0632+057 and LS I +61$^{\circ}$303. We estimate the positions and inclination angles of Be discs by fitting correlated keV/TeV light curves. Our results could be beneficial for future measurements of orbital parameters and searches for radio pulsations from presumed pulsars.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. Accepted
title: Culinary herbs: determining the basis of variation in herb flavour
Creators: name: Contente, Ana Cristina
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2022

description: Culinary herbs such as basil (Ocimum basilicum), coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and 
rosemary (Rosmarinus officinallis) are crops grown across the world for their healthy 
characteristics and distinct flavours. They can be consumed fresh or dried, in salads or as 
garnish, in soups, sauces or curries, forming essential ingredients in many cuisines. Research 
investigating the aroma profile of these herbs often excludes information about the variety, 
production type and other growing conditions resulting in inaccurate data conclusions. These 
variables have been described in published literature to have an impact on the flavour profile 
of other crops such as celery and lettuce.
Basil, coriander and rosemary were grown using different production methods across 
several years (2018, 2019, 2020, 2021) and at multiple sites within the UK. The influence of 
factors including production methods, geographical location, production season and year on the 
aroma composition of these herbs was investigated. The aroma profile of the three herbs was 
determined using solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 
Differences in volatile composition and influence on sensory perception were analysed using
sensory profiling with a trained panel (n = 11). Finally, basil and coriander samples were 
presented to a consumer panel (n = 117 and n = 106, respectively) to identify consumer 
acceptance and attribute preference.
Significant differences in the volatile composition were influenced by production method, 
plant maturity and environmental factors, leading to significant differences in the sensory 
profile. Temperatures between 10-20 ˚C resulted in higher proportions of monoterpenes and 
phenylpropanoids for rosemary and basil, and aldehydes for coriander, whilst the influence of 
soil, water source and lighting was herb specific. Consumer grouping identified two groups
exhibiting differences in hedonic response to basil and coriander samples. Aroma and flavour 
intensity were identified as drivers of liking. Further studying the relationship between 
production variables and flavour of herbs will increase information to guide growers on how to 
produce a more consistent product that meets consumers expectations.
AdS/CFT duality for non-relativistic field theory
Creators: name: Goldberger, Walter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a correspondence between non-relativistic conformal field theories (NRCFTs) in d-1 spatial dimensions and gravitational theories in AdS_{d+2} backgrounds with one compactified lightlike direction. The breaking of the maximal SO(2,d+1) symmetry of AdS_{d+2} to the non-relativistic conformal group arises from boundary conditions on bulk fields, without the need to introduce non-vacuum sources of energy-momentum. As a check of the proposal, we use the gravitational theory to reproduce the NRCFT state-operator correspondence between scaling dimensions of primary operators and energy eigenstates of the non-relativistic system placed in an external harmonic potential.
description: 19 pages LaTeX, no figures
A Closer Look at Gluons
Creators: name: Furui, Sadataka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gluons are strong interaction gauge fields which interact between quarks, i.e. constituents of baryons and mesons. Interaction of matters is phenomenologically described by gauge theory of strong, electromagnetic, weak and gravitational interactions. In electro-weak theory, left handed leptons ${l}_L$ and neutrino ${\mathcal ν}_L$, right handed leptons ${l}_R$ and left handed quarks $u_L, d_L$ and right handed quarks $u_R, d_R$ follow $SU(2)\times U(1)$ symmetry. Charge of leptons and quarks define hypercharge $Y$, and via Higgs mechanism $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ symmetry forms $U(1)_{em}$ symmetry. In order to describe Hadron dynamics properly, embedding of 4-dimensional space to 5-dimensional space was tried in lattice simulations, and in light front holographic QCD (LFHQCD) approach in which conformally symmetric light-front dynamics without ghost are embedded in $AdS_5$, and a parameter that fixes a mass scale was chosen from the Principle of Maximum Conformality. Coulomb or Landau gauge fixed Faddeev-Popov Yang-Mills field equation is known to have the Gribov ambiguity, and tunneling between vacua between different topological structures was proposed by van Baal and collaborators. The symmetry of three colors can be assigned three vectors of quaternion ${\bf H}$, whose multiplication on $2\times 2$ matrices of Dirac spinors on ${\bf S}^3$ induces transformations. Instantons or sphalerons whose presence is expected from conformal equivalence of ${\bf S}^3\times {\bf R}$ to ${\bf R}^4$ are reviewed. An extension of the dynamics embedded in complex projective space is also discussed.
description: 26 pages
Erratum to: Defining Minimum Treatment Parameters of Ablative Radiation Therapy in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Expert Consensus. Yanagihara TK, Tepper JE, Moon AM, et al. Pract Radiat Oncol. 2024 Mar-Apr;14(2):134-145
Creators: name: Molla, Meritxell
name: Buckstein, Michael
name: Hoyer, Morten
name: Jabbour, Salma K.
name: Smith, Grace L.
name: Guha, Chandan
name: Kharofa, Jordan
name: Park, Hee Chul
name: Feng, Mary
name: Yanagihara, Ted K.
name: Chang, Daniel T.
name: Kachnic, Lisa
name: Lawrence, Theodore S.
name: Sanford, Nina N.
name: Cardenes, Higinia
name: Koay, Eugene J.
name: Saez, Jordi
name: Moon, Andrew M.
name: Kim, Tae Hyun
name: Wo, Jennifer Y.
name: Torres, Ferran
name: Reig, Maria
name: Scorsetti, Marta
name: Makishima, Hirokazu
name: Dawson, Laura A.
name: Seong, Jinsil
name: Iwata, Hiromitsu
name: Kirichenko, Alexander
name: Meyer, Jeffrey J.
name: Tepper, Joel E.
name: Yoon, Sang Min
name: Hallemeier, Christopher L.
name: Barry, Aisling
name: Hawkins, Maria A.
name: Apisarnthanarax, Smith
name: Owen, Dawn
name: Mases, Joel
name: Munoz-Schuffenegger, Pablo
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2025

description:
Erratum to: "Defining Minimum Treatment Parameters of Ablative Radiation Therapy in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Expert Consensus"
title: Geschlechter- und Beziehungsnormen im Kontext professioneller Hochzeitsplanung am Beispiel Österreichs
Creators: name: Schäffler, Hilde
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Arbeitsteilung
subject: Ethnographie
subject: Familienarbeit
subject: Hochzeit
subject: Hochzeitsplanung
subject: Kommerzialisierung
subject: Vereinbarkeit
subject: ddc:300

description: In den USA, Japan und einigen anderen Industrienationen ist professionelle Hochzeitsplanung seit Jahrzehnten eine etablierte Dienstleistung und „big business“. Auch im deutschsprachigen Raum werden Hochzeiten zunehmend kommerzialisiert und in einen Waren- und Dienstleistungsmarkt im Rahmen von TV-Shows, Magazinen, „Events“ wie Hochzeitsbällen, Verkaufsabenden für Hochzeitskleider und -accessoires oder Hochzeitsmessen integriert. Aufbauend auf einer ethnographischen Forschung zur „Hochzeits-Industrie“ und professioneller Hochzeitsplanung in Österreich untersucht dieser Artikel den Einfl uss professioneller Hochzeitsplanung auf die Verfestigung bzw. Neugestaltung von Beziehungsmodellen und Gender-Normen sowie die geschlechtsspezifische Aufteilung von „Familienarbeit“.
Improving Grid Stability with Variable Shunt Reactors and Phase Shiftors
Creators: D. Durbak
G. Linortner
C. Mishra
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2018

2018 PES T&D Panel Presentation
As energy systems are getting more complex, grid quality and control in the high-voltage grid becomes of utter importance for transmission grid operators. Two products can assist to increase grid stability and efficiency: (Variable) Shunt Reactors and Phase Shifters. Shunt reactors solve local overvoltage problems and compensate the Ferranti Effect. Variable shunt reactors with a regulation range up to 80% allow grid operators to act in an extremely flexible way as they can be adjusted according to the current load situation and thus always compensate accurately. Phase shifters are used for load flow control enforcing load flow and avoiding more expensive grid extensions. On the other hand they also can block load flow to protect a grid, therefore increasing stability and reliability of a network. During this panel you will learn how both products work, how they can be helpful for your grid, and who needs them technically and can profit economically.
J/Psi production in heavy ion collisions and gluon saturation
Creators: name: Kharzeev, Dmitri
name: Levin, Eugene
name: Nardi, Marzia
name: Tuchin, Kirill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the inclusive J/Psi production in heavy ion collisions including the effects of gluon saturation in the wave functions of the colliding nuclei. We argue that the dominant production mechanism in proton--nucleus and nucleus--nucleus collisions for heavy nuclei is different from the one in hadron-hadron interactions. We find that the rapidity distribution of primary J/Psi production is more peaked around midrapidity than the analogous distribution in elementary pp collisions. We discuss the consequences of this fact on the experimentally observed J/Psi suppression in Au-Au collisions at RHIC energies.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures; v2: many typos corrected, presentation improved
Space-filling models of the nitrous oxide molecule
Creators: name: Chen, Junjie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 30606 Structural Chemistry and Spectroscopy
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Nitrous oxide, also called dinitrogen monoxide, laughing gas, or nitrous, is one of several oxides of nitrogen, a colourless gas with pleasant, sweetish odour and taste, which when inhaled produces insensibility to pain preceded by mild hysteria, sometimes laughter. In automobile racing, nitrous oxide is injected into an engine's air intake; the extra oxygen allows the engine to burn more fuel per stroke. It is prepared by the action of zinc on dilute nitric acid, by the action of hydroxylamine hydrochloride on sodium nitrite, and, most commonly, by the decomposition of ammonium nitrate. Nitrous oxide also may be used in a monopropellant rocket. In the presence of a heated catalyst, nitrous oxide will decompose exothermically into nitrogen and oxygen. Because of the large heat release, the catalytic action rapidly becomes secondary, as thermal autodecomposition becomes dominant. In vehicle racing, nitrous oxide (often referred to as just "nitrous") allows the engine to burn more fuel by providing more oxygen during combustion. The increase in oxygen allows for an increase in the injection of fuel, allowing the engine to produce more engine power. Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China
НОВЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИНЖЕНЕРНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ РОБОТОТЕХНИКИ И ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА
Creators: name: Абылова, Гулбахар
name: Агжанов, Тимур-Мухаммет
name: Жолдасбаева, Рано
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: обусловлена стремительным развитием технологий в условиях Индустрии 4.0, где робототехника и ИИ становятся ключевыми драйверами прогресса в инженерных науках и промышленности, требуя от образования подготовки специалистов с новыми компетенциями - программированием, управлением роботами, анализом данных и разработкой интеллектуальных систем, что делает традиционные подходы недостаточными; одновременно ИИ позволяет персонализировать обучение через адаптивные платформы, повышая его эффективность, а робототехника обеспечивает практическую направленность, развивая навыки критического мышления и инноваций через реальные проекты; глобальная конкуренция за технологическое лидерство и необходимость решать социальные и экологические проблемы - от автоматизации опасных производств до создания экологичных технологий - усиливают стратегическую важность такого образования, несмотря на вызовы вроде стоимости оборудования, переподготовки преподавателей и этических вопросов, что лишь подчеркивает значимость темы для подготовки кадров, формирования устойчивого будущего и развития инноваций в образовательной практике. [1]
Resummation of Super-Leading Logarithms
Creators: name: Becher, Thomas
name: Neubert, Matthias
name: Shao, Ding Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jet cross sections at high-energy colliders exhibit intricate patterns of logarithmically enhanced higher-order corrections. In particular, so-called non-global logarithms emerge from soft radiation emitted off energetic partons inside jets. While this is a single-logarithmic effect at lepton colliders, at hadron colliders phase factors in the amplitudes lead to double-logarithmic corrections starting at four-loop order. This effect was discovered a long time ago, but not much is known about the higher-order behavior of these terms and their process dependence. We derive, for the first time, the all-order structure of these "super-leading logarithms" for generic $2\to l$ scattering processes at hadron colliders and resum them in closed form.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Coordinated Voltage Control of Ditributed PV Inverters for Voltage Regulation in Low Voltage Ditribution Networks
Creators: N. Karthikeyan
B. R. Pokhrel
J.R. Pillai
Birgitte Bak-Jensen
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2017

2017 PES ISGT Europe
This presentation was part of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies: ISGT Europe 2017, sponsored by the IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES). The conference was held from on September 26-29, 2017 at Politecnico di Torino in Torino, Italy.
Structures of magnetic excitations in the spin-1/2 kagome-lattice antiferromagnets Cs$_2$Cu$_3$SnF$_{12}$ and Rb$_2$Cu$_3$SnF$_{12}$
Creators: name: Saito, Mutsuki
name: Takagishi, Ryunosuke
name: Kurita, Nobuyuki
name: Watanabe, Masari
name: Tanaka, Hidekazu
name: Nomura, Ryuji
name: Fukumoto, Yoshiyuki
name: Ikeuchi, Kazuhiko
name: Kajimoto, Ryoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the structures of magnetic excitations in spin-1/2 kagome-lattice antiferromagnets Cs$_2$Cu$_3$SnF$_{12}$ and Rb$_2$Cu$_3$SnF$_{12}$ investigated by inelastic neutron scattering in wide energy and momentum ranges. For Cs$_2$Cu$_3$SnF$_{12}$, four single-magnon excitation modes were observed. Low-energy three modes are assigned to be transverse modes and the high-energy fourth mode is suggested to be an amplitude mode. It was found that the broad excitation continuum without a marked structure spreads in a wide energy range from $0.15J$ to approximately $2.5J$ in contrast to the clearly structured excitation continuum observed in the spin-1/2 triangular-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. These findings strongly suggest spinon excitations as elementary excitations in Cs$_2$Cu$_3$SnF$_{12}$. In Rb$_2$Cu$_3$SnF$_{12}$, singlet-triplet excitations from the pinwheel VBS state and their ghost modes caused by the enlargement of the chemical unit cell were clearly confirmed. It was found that the excitation continuum is structured in the low-energy region approximately below $J_{\mathrm{avg}}$ and the almost structureless high-energy excitation continuum extends to approximately $2.6J_{\mathrm{avg}}$. The characteristics of the high-energy excitation continuum are common to both Cs$_2$Cu$_3$SnF$_{12}$ and Rb$_2$Cu$_3$SnF$_{12}$, irrespective of their ground states. The experimental results strongly suggest that the spin liquid component remains in the ground state as quantum fluctuations in Cs$_2$Cu$_3$SnF$_{12}$ and Rb$_2$Cu$_3$SnF$_{12}$.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
The Radical Consequences of Realistic Satellite Orbits for the Heating and Implied Merger Histories of Galactic Disks
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Cox, Thomas J.
name: Younger, Joshua D.
name: Besla, Gurtina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous models of galactic disk heating in interactions invoke restrictive assumptions not necessarily valid in modern LCDM contexts: that satellites and orbits are rigid and circular, with slow decay over many orbital times from dynamical friction. This leads to a linear scaling of disk heating with satellite mass: disk heights and velocity dispersions scale ~M_sat/M_disk. In turn, observed disk thicknesses present strong constraints on merger histories: the implication for the Milky Way is that <5% of its mass could come from mergers since z~2, in conflict with cosmological predictions. More realistically, satellites merge on nearly radial orbits, and once near the disk, resonant interactions efficiently remove angular momentum while tidal effects strip mass, leading to rapid merger/destruction in a couple of free-fall plunges. Under these conditions the proper heating efficiency is non-linear in mass ratio, ~(M_sat/M_disk)^2. We derive the scaling of disk scale heights and velocity dispersions as a function of mass ratio and disk gas content in this regime, and show this accurately describes the results of simulations with proper 'live' halos and disks. Under realistic circumstances, disk heating in minor mergers is suppressed by an order of magnitude relative to expectations of previous models. We show that the Milky Way disk could have absorbed ~5-10 1:10 mass-ratio mergers since z=2, in agreement with cosmological models. These distinctions lead to dramatic differences in which mass ratios are most important for disk heating and in the isophotal shapes of disk+bulge systems.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJ (minor revisions to match accepted version)
Multi-level ambulance system design
Creators: name: Kitt, Ronald Victor
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The objective of this research was to study the operation of the ambulance service in the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Attention has been focused on operational policies which affect the system's ability to respond to calls, especially to emergency calls. The stated objective was accomplished by first reviewing the current demand for emergency ambulance services and the present operations. Next deterministic models were investigated and used to give "initial" locations of depots. Finally a computer simulation model was developed and used to conduct experiments, examining alternative ambulance systems. This research revealed that 1. computer simulation is an effective tool for analysing ambulance systems, and 2. there is a need for more emergency ambulance services, including more paramedics, in the Greater Vancouver Regional District.
Demand Side Management in the Smart Grid: an Efficiency and Fairness Tradeoff
Creators: P. Jacquot
O. Beaude
S. Gaubert
N. Oudjane
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2017

2017 PES ISGT Europe
This presentation was part of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies: ISGT Europe 2017, sponsored by the IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES). The conference was held from on September 26-29, 2017 at Politecnico di Torino in Torino, Italy.
Singular Value Decomposition and Similarity Renormalization Group Evolution of Nuclear Interactions
Creators: name: Zhu, B.
name: Wirth, R.
name: Hergert, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main challenges for ab initio nuclear many-body theory is the growth of computational and storage costs as calculations are extended to heavy, exotic, and structurally complex nuclei. Here, we investigate the factorization of nuclear interactions as a means to address this issue. We perform Singular Value Decompositions of nucleon-nucleon interactions in partial wave representation and study the dependence of the singular value spectrum on interaction characteristics like regularization scheme and resolution scales. We develop and implement the Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) evolution of the factorized interaction, and demonstrate that this SVD-SRG approach accurately preserves two-nucleon observables. We find that low-resolution interactions allow the truncation of the SVD at low rank, and that a small number of relevant components is sufficient to capture the nuclear interaction and perform an accurate SRG evolution, while the Coulomb interaction requires special consideration. The rank is uniform across all partial waves, and almost independent of the basis choice in the tested cases. This suggests an interpretation of the relevant singular components as mere representations of a small set of abstract operators that can describe the interaction and its SRG flow. Following the traditional workflow for nuclear interactions, we discuss how the transformation between the center-of-mass and laboratory frames creates redundant copies of the partial wave components when implemented in matrix representation, and we discuss strategies for mitigation. Finally, we test the low-rank approximation to the SRG-evolved interactions in many-body calculations using the In-Medium SRG. By including nuclear radii in our analysis, we verify that the implementation of the SRG using the singular vectors of the interaction does not spoil the evolution of other observables.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures. Comments are welcome!