cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bifurcation analysis of two coupled Jansen-Rit neural mass models
Creators: name: Ahmadizadeh, Saeed
name: Karoly, Philippa J.
name: Nešić, Dragan
name: Grayden, David B.
name: Cook, Mark J.
name: Soudry, Daniel
name: Freestone, Dean R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Bifurcation theory
subject: Neurology
subject: Neural circuitry
subject: Epilepsy--Pathophysiology
subject: Neural networks (Neurobiology)
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate how changes in network structure can lead to pathological oscillations similar to those observed in epileptic brain. Specifically, we conduct a bifurcation analysis of a network of two Jansen-Rit neural mass models, representing two cortical regions, to investigate different aspects of its behavior with respect to changes in the input and interconnection gains. The bifurcation diagrams, along with simulated EEG time series, exhibit diverse behaviors when varying the input, coupling strength, and network structure. We show that this simple network of neural mass models can generate various oscillatory activities, including delta wave activity, which has not been previously reported through analysis of a single Jansen-Rit neural mass model. Our analysis shows that spike-wave discharges can occur in a cortical region as a result of input changes in the other region, which may have important implications for epilepsy treatment. The bifurcation analysis is related to clinical data in two case studies.
The Formation of the Second Generation: A Documented Version of the Origin and Early History of the MPRG
Creators: name: Blake, Hugo
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2023

description: Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 24, 12-22
description: John Hurst's evening classes at Goldsmiths' and the Post-Medieval Ceramic Research Group were precedents for the MPRG, although the Medieval Pottery Seminar at the University of London was the catalyst and the Study Group for Romano-British Coarse Pottery the model. The Group was founded to aid a new cadre of specialists process large quantities of pottery from urban excavations. Its first task, now complete, was to produce guidelines under government aegis. Its modus operandi was the annual meeting or conference, and later the Bulletin, the newsletter and the co-ordination of regional groups. To ensure succession it is suggested that we consider returning to our academic roots.
Intergenerational disjunctures in the Dene Tha First Nation of northern Alberta : adults' nostalgia and youths' 'counter-narratives' on language revitalization
Creators: name: Boltokova, Daria
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis analyzes generational differences that create social and linguistic ‘disjunctures’ (Meek 2010) influencing revitalization ideologies among members of the Dene Tha First Nation of northern Alberta. Unlike many First Nations people in Canada, most Dene Tha adults still speak their language, Dene Dháh, the Dene language, fluently. Individual fluency among younger generations, however, varies as language shift to English has begun to affect the extent to which children learn and use Dene Dháh. Dene adults and Elders observe increasing disinterest among younger people in maintaining their heritage language and culture, and they often contrast these observations with their own experiences of learning about traditional customs and values. Nostalgia for the past, and romanticizing a “proper” Dene way of living and behaviour, is commonplace among older generations of the Dene Tha. I argue that, although young people are criticized for their disinterest in the Dene language and culture, their narratives, which I describe as ‘counter-narratives’ following McCarty et al. (2006), suggest deeply felt concerns about the future of their language and culture. In particular, youth are developing eclectic ways of blending traditional culture and contemporary practices that may not necessarily fit with “proper” Dene ways, as understood by Elders. Their ‘counter-narratives’ instead reveal youths’ interest in maintaining and ‘modernizing’ their own language and culture.
The ACA EDGE survey: The Molecular Gas and Star Formation Activity Across the Green Valley
Creators: name: Villanueva, Vicente
name: Bolatto, Alberto Daniel
name: Vogel, Stuart
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: We present a CO(J=2-1) survey of 60 local galaxies using data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Compact Array as part of the Extragalactic Database for Galaxy Evolution: the ACA EDGE survey. These galaxies all have integral field spectroscopy from the CALIFA survey. Compared to other local galaxy surveys, ACA EDGE is designed to mitigate selection effects based on CO brightness and morphological type. Of the 60 galaxies in ACA EDGE, 36 are on the star-formation main sequence, 13 are on the red sequence, and 11 lie in the "green valley" transition between these sequences. We test how star formation quenching processes affect the star formation rate (SFR) per unit molecular gas mass, SFEmol=SFR/Mmol, and related quantities in galaxies with stellar masses 10<log[Mstar/Msun]<11.5 covering the full range of morphological types. On average, we find that the spatially resolved SFEmol within the bulge region of green valley galaxies is lower than in the bulges of main sequence galaxies if we adopt a constant CO-to-H2 conversion factor, alphaCO. While efficiencies in main sequence galaxies remain almost constant with galactocentric radius, in green valley galaxies we note a systematic increase of SFEmol, Rmol,star, and specific star formation rate, sSFR, with increasing radius. As shown in previous studies, our results suggest that although gas depletion (or removal) seems to be the most important driver of the star-formation quenching in galaxies transiting through the green valley, a reduction in star formation efficiency is also required during this stage.
On Tensorial Spaces and BCFW Recursion Relations for Higher Spin Fields
Creators: name: Tsulaia, Mirian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this short review we briefly consider two topics in the higher spin gauge theory: the method of "tensorial (super) spaces" and application of BCFW recursion relations to higher spin fields.
description: 26 pages, Invited Review, discussion improved, references added
Imagination Lancaster researchers' response to UK Government consultation on copyright and artificial intelligence
Creators: name: Snooks, Kim
name: Jacobs, Naomi
name: Lindley, Joseph
name: Bakırlıoğlu, Yekta
name: Coulton, Paul
name: Mullagh, Louise
name: Stockton, Glynn
name: Whitham, Roger
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: We are a group of researchers from Imagination Lancaster, a design research facility based at Lancaster University. For the past few years, our AI working group has been working on projects around artificial intelligence. Specifically, this has been in relation to small-medium enterprises and creative industries’ perceptions and concerns around AI, crossing over into issues related to legibility, such as copyright.

This is our response to the UK Government consultation on AI and Copyright, which finished on 25 February 2025. The views presented below are our own as researchers and academics and do not reflect those of our institution.
Quantum annealing with antiferromagnetic fluctuations
Creators: name: Seki, Yuya
name: Nishimori, Hidetoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce antiferromagnetic quantum fluctuations into quantum annealing in addition to the conventional transverse-field term. We apply this method to the infinite-range ferromagnetic p-spin model, for which the conventional quantum annealing has been shown to have difficulties to find the ground state efficiently due to a first-order transition. We study the phase diagram of this system both analytically and numerically. Using the static approximation, we find that there exists a quantum path to reach the final ground state from the trivial initial state that avoids first-order transitions for intermediate values of p. We also study numerically the energy gap between the ground state and the first excited state and find evidence for intermediate values of p that the time complexity scales polynomially with the system size at a second-order transition point along the quantum path that avoids first-order transitions. These results suggest that quantum annealing would be able to solve this problem with intermediate values of p efficiently in contrast to the case with only simple transverse-field fluctuations.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures; Added references; To be published in Physical Review E
Sample dispersion in isotachophoresis with Poiseuille counterflow
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Somnath
name: Gopmandal, Partha P.
name: Baier, Tobias
name: Hardt, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A particular mode of isotachophoresis (ITP) employs a pressure-driven flow opposite to the sample electromigration direction in order to anchor a sample zone at a specific position along a channel or capillary. We investigate this situation using a two-dimensional finite-volume model based on the Nernst-Planck equation. The imposed Poiseuille flow profile leads to a significant dispersion of the sample zone. This effect is detrimental for the resolution in analytical applications of ITP. We investigate the impact of convective dispersion, characterized by the area-averaged width of a sample zone, for various values of the sample Péclet-number, as well as the relative mobilities of the sample and the adjacent electrolytes. A one-dimensional model for the area-averaged concentrations based on a Taylor-Aris-type effective axial diffusivity is shown to yield good agreement with the finite-volume calculations. This justifies the use of such simple models and opens the door for the rapid simulation of ITP protocols with Poiseuille counterflow.
Differential models of twin correlations in skew for body-mass index (BMI)
Creators: name: Tsang, Siny
name: Duncan, Glen E.
name: Dinescu, Diana
name: Turkheimer, Eric
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Body mass index
Epidemiology
Twins
Distribution (Probability theory)

description: Background
Body Mass Index (BMI), like most human phenotypes, is substantially heritable. However, BMI is not normally distributed; the skew appears to be structural, and increases as a function of age. Moreover, twin correlations for BMI commonly violate the assumptions of the most common variety of the classical twin model, with the MZ twin correlation greater than twice the DZ correlation. This study aimed to decompose twin correlations for BMI using more general skew-t distributions.

Methods
Same sex MZ and DZ twin pairs (N = 7,086) from the community-based Washington State Twin Registry were included. We used latent profile analysis (LPA) to decompose twin correlations for BMI into multiple mixture distributions. LPA was performed using the default normal mixture distribution and the skew-t mixture distribution. Similar analyses were performed for height as a comparison. Our analyses are then replicated in an independent dataset.

Results
A two-class solution under the skew-t mixture distribution fits the BMI distribution for both genders. The first class consists of a relatively normally distributed, highly heritable BMI with a mean in the normal range. The second class is a positively skewed BMI in the overweight and obese range, with lower twin correlations. In contrast, height is normally distributed, highly heritable, and is well-fit by a single latent class. Results in the replication dataset were highly similar.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that two distinct processes underlie the skew of the BMI distribution. The contrast between height and weight is in accord with subjective psychological experience: both are under obvious genetic influence, but BMI is also subject to behavioral control, whereas height is not.
Open Access e Open Science. Pubblicità e democrazia
Creators: name: Caso, Roberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Open Science
Open Access
Intellectual Property
Copyright

description: La presentazione prende le mosse da un'enumerazione dei mali che affliggono la scienza contemporanea, offre una visione dell'Open Science come scienza pubblica e democratica finalizzata a contrastare i mali descritti e si conclude con alcuni commenti relativi alla proposta di legge sull'Open Access attualmente in discussione alla Camera dei Deputati del Parlamento della Repubblica italiana.
Observational constraints on spatial anisotropy of G from orbital motions
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phenomenological anisotropic variation ΔG/G of the Newtonian gravitational coupling parameter G, if real, would affect the orbital dynamics of a two-body gravitationally bound system in a specific way. We analytically work out the long-term effects that such a putative modification of the usual Newtonian inverse-square law would induce on the trajectory of a test particle orbiting a central mass. Without making any a-priori simplifying assumptions concerning the orbital configuration of the test particle, it turns out that its osculating semi-major axis a, eccentricity e, pericenter \varpi and mean anomaly M undergo long-term temporal variations, while the inclination I and the node Ωare left unaffected. Moreover, the radial and the transverse components of the position and the velocity vectors r and v of the test particle experience non-vanishing changes per orbit, contrary to the out-of-plane ones. Then, we compute our theoretical predictions for some of the major bodies of the solar system by orienting the gradient of G(r) towards the Galactic Center and keeping it fixed over the characteristic timescales involved. By comparing our calculation to the latest observational determinations for the same bodies, we infer ΔG/G <= 10^-17 over about 1 au. Finally, we consider also the Supermassive Black Hole hosted by the Galactic Center in Sgr A^* and the main sequence star S2 orbiting it in about 16 yr, obtaining just ΔG/G <= 10^-2 over 1 kau.
description: LaTex2e, 18 pages, no figures, 4 tables. Accepted by Classical and Quantum Gravity (CQG). Typo fixed. Reference updated
Thermodynamics of ultrasmall metallic grains in the presence of pairing and exchange correlations: Mesoscopic fluctuations
Creators: name: Nesterov, Konstantin N.
name: Alhassid, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mesoscopic fluctuations of thermodynamic observables in a nanosized metallic grain in which the single-particle dynamics are chaotic and the dimensionless Thouless conductance is large. Such a grain is modeled by the universal Hamiltonian describing the competition between exchange and pairing correlations. The exchange term is taken into account exactly by a spin-projection method, and the pairing term is treated in the static-path approximation together with small-amplitude quantal fluctuations around each static fluctuation of the pairing field. Odd-even particle-number effects induced by pairing correlations are included using a number-parity projection. We find that the exchange interaction shifts the number-parity effects in the heat capacity and spin susceptibility to lower temperatures. In the regime where the pairing gap is similar to or smaller than the single-particle mean level spacing, these number-parity effects are suppressed by exchange correlations, and the fluctuations of the spin susceptibility may be particularly large. However, for larger values of the pairing gap, the number-parity effects may be enhanced by exchange correlations.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Use of temperature to improve West Nile virus forecasts
Creators: name: DeFelice, Nicholas B.
name: Schneider, Zachary D.
name: Little, Eliza Anastazia Hazel
name: Barker, Christopher
name: Caillouet, Kevin A.
name: Campbell, Scott R.
name: Damian, Dan
name: Irwin, Patrick
name: Jones, Herff M. P.
name: Townsend, John
name: Shaman, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Epidemiology
West Nile virus
Virus diseases--Transmission
Atmospheric temperature

description: Ecological and laboratory studies have demonstrated that temperature modulates West Nile virus (WNV) transmission dynamics and spillover infection to humans. Here we explore whether inclusion of temperature forcing in a model depicting WNV transmission improves WNV forecast accuracy relative to a baseline model depicting WNV transmission without temperature forcing. Both models are optimized using a data assimilation method and two observed data streams: mosquito infection rates and reported human WNV cases. Each coupled model-inference framework is then used to generate retrospective ensemble forecasts of WNV for 110 outbreak years from among 12 geographically diverse United States counties. The temperature-forced model improves forecast accuracy for much of the outbreak season. From the end of July until the beginning of October, a timespan during which 70% of human cases are reported, the temperature-forced model generated forecasts of the total number of human cases over the next 3 weeks, total number of human cases over the season, the week with the highest percentage of infectious mosquitoes, and the peak percentage of infectious mosquitoes that on average increased absolute forecast accuracy 5%, 10%, 12%, and 6%, respectively, over the non-temperature forced baseline model. These results indicate that use of temperature forcing improves WNV forecast accuracy and provide further evidence that temperature influences rates of WNV transmission. The findings provide a foundation for implementation of a statistically rigorous system for real-time forecast of seasonal WNV outbreaks and their use as a quantitative decision support tool for public health officials and mosquito control programs.
A rank inequality for the knot Floer homology of double branched covers
Creators: name: Hendricks, Kristen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M27, 57R58, 53D40

description: Given a knot K in S^3, let Σ(K) be the double branched cover of S^3 over K. We show there is a spectral sequence whose E^1 page is (\hat{HFK}(Σ(K), K) \otimes V^{n-1}) \otimes \mathbb Z_2((q)), for V a \mathbb Z_2-vector space of dimension two, and whose E^{\infty} page is isomorphic to (\hat{HFK}(S^3, K) \otimes V^{n-1}) \otimes \mathbb Z_2((q)), as \mathbb Z_2((q))-modules. As a consequence, we deduce a rank inequality between the knot Floer homologies \hat{HFK}(Σ(K), K) and \hat{HFK}(S^3, K).
description: This is the final version as published by Algebraic & Geometric Topology (and posted here by the author)
Topology and energy transport in networks of interacting photosynthetic complexes
Creators: name: Allegra, Michele
name: Giorda, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We address the role of topology in the energy transport process that occurs in networks of photosynthetic complexes. We take inspiration from light harvesting networks present in purple bacteria and simulate an incoherent dissipative energy transport process on more general and abstract networks, considering both regular structures (Cayley trees and hyperbranched fractals) and randomly-generated ones. We focus on the the two primary light harvesting complexes of purple bacteria, i.e., the LH1 and LH2, and we use network-theoretical centrality measures in order to select different LH1 arrangements. We show that different choices cause significant differences in the transport efficiencies, and that for regular networks centrality measures allow to identify arrangements that ensure transport efficiencies which are better than those obtained with a random disposition of the complexes. The optimal arrangements strongly depend on the dissipative nature of the dynamics and on the topological properties of the networks considered, and depending on the latter they are achieved by using global vs. local centrality measures. For randomly-generated networks a random arrangement of the complexes already provides efficient transport, and this suggests the process is strong with respect to limited amount of control in the structure design and to the disorder inherent in the construction of randomly-assembled structures. Finally, we compare the networks considered with the real biological networks and find that the latter have in general better performances, due to their higher connectivity, but the former with optimal arrangements can mimic the real networks' behaviour for a specific range of transport parameters. These results show that the use of network-theoretical concepts can be crucial for the characterization and design of efficient artificial energy transport networks.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures, revised version
D8.2 - Genomic national initiatives
Creators: name: Kamal, Maud
name: Dupain, Célia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Cancer Genomics
Molecular Tumor Board (MTB)
Personalized Medicine
Public Health Genomics
Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS)
EU4Health
CAN.HEAL
Personalized Treatment

description: With the increasing number of targeted therapies approved in the same indication in oncology, and the increasing complexity of tumour profiles, molecular screening programs have been further implemented in clinical routine to facilitate the access to matched therapies via the organisation of Molecular Tumour Boards (MTBs).

Deliverable 8.2 of the CAN.HEAL consortium aims to identify national initiatives (Whole Genome Sequencing , WGS) and MTBs with focus on the French initiative and Belgian Precision program aiming to provide country-wide access to diagnosis and treatment for cancer patients.
title: Der Mensch ist, wie er isst
Creators: name: Planert, Dario
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst Slavistik
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Sorokin, Vladimir Lošadnyj Sup
subject: Sorokin, Vladimir, Švarcštejn, Jaroslav Pferdesuppe
subject: Rezension
subject: 491.8

description: Menschliche Essgewohnheiten spielen in Vladimir Sorokins neuem Werk eine Schlüsselrolle. Das sprengt in erfrischendem Maße die Grenzen des guten Geschmacks. Offenbar basiert „Pferdesuppe“ auf einem besseren Rezept als Pferde-Lasagne.
description: novinkigegengelesen
Exploiting Polyhedral Symmetries in Social Choice
Creators: name: Schürmann, Achill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91B, 52B

description: A large amount of literature in social choice theory deals with quantifying the probability of certain election outcomes. One way of computing the probability of a specific voting situation under the Impartial Anonymous Culture assumption is via counting integral points in polyhedra. Here, Ehrhart theory can help, but unfortunately the dimension and complexity of the involved polyhedra grows rapidly with the number of candidates. However, if we exploit available polyhedral symmetries, some computations become possible that previously were infeasible. We show this in three well known examples: Condorcet's paradox, Condorcet efficiency of plurality voting and in Plurality voting vs Plurality Runoff.
description: 14 pages; with minor improvements; to be published in Social Choice and Welfare
Silicon photonic filters for wavelength-division multiplexing and sensing applications
Creators: name: Wei, Shi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis is a theoretical and experimental study of novel silicon photonic filters, such as traveling-wave resonators (TWRs) and grating-assisted, contra-directional couplers (contra-DCs), for on-chip wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems and sensing applications. To measure optical losses of photonic components such as Y-branch splitters and waveguide crossings, we have developed a ring-resonator based technique which is accurate, simple, and space-efficient. A number of novel devices have been demonstrated using commercial CMOS-photonics fabrication foundries, with the aim of developing large-scale photonic integrated circuits using the standard process development tools. Two types of wavelength-selective, TWR-based reflective filters have been demonstrated for applications such as remote sensing and tunable lasers. Ultra-compact, high-Q microdisk resonators have been demonstrated, with radii of down to 1.5 µm, free spectral ranges (FSRs) of up to 71 nm, loaded Q's of up to 88,000, and unloaded Q's of over 100,000. Contra-DCs have been studied using coupled-mode theory. An add-drop filter designed using contra-DCs in slab-modulated rib waveguides has been proposed and demonstrated, which shows a flat-top response and a narrow bandwidth of 50--100 GHz, promising for dense-WDM applications. Also, we proposed an out-of-phase grating design to suppress the intra-waveguide reflection in contra-DCs. Using this novel anti-reflection (AR) design, we have demonstrated an add-drop filter with a single-band, flat-top response and a wide channel bandwidth of 6.5 nm, which enables athermal operation in a large temperature span of > 70 K. This AR contra-DC can be used to build an on-chip coarse-WDM system for power-efficient, ultra-high-speed optical interconnects. Furthermore, we have proposed and demonstrated an electrically tunable phase-shifted contra-DC. In order to overcome the challenges facing microring resonators, such as limited FSRs and difficulty in controlling the bus-resonator coupling, we have proposed to integrate contra-DCs with microring resonators for selective bus-resonator coupling. Using this method, we have demonstrated a single dominant resonant mode in a microring resonator that originally has a small FSR of 1.3 nm. This grating-coupled microring resonator is promising for applications that need a huge free spectral range, such as cascaded resonator sensor arrays and ultra-high-bandwidth WDM systems.
Determinants of late antenatal care presentation in rural and peri-urban communities in South Africa: A cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Ebonwu, Joy
name: Mumbauer, Alexandra
name: Uys, Margot
name: Wainberg, Milton L.
name: Medina-Marino, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Prenatal care
Family planning services
Public health
Epidemiology

description: Objective
To investigate and compare determinates for delayed first presentation to antenatal care (ANC) services.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst pregnant women attending their first ANC visit in rural Capricorn District and peri-urban Tlokwe sub-district communities in South Africa. Data collection included questionnaires and medical record abstraction. Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed factors associated with late ANC presentation.

Results
We recruited 807 pregnant women. Of these, 51% of rural women and 28% of peri-urban women presented late for first ANC. Rural women were more likely to present late for first ANC (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.98–3.55) and report barriers to accessing ANC services (P<0.0001). Late ANC presentation in rural communities was associated with being married (AOR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.33–4.19), employed (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI 1.03–3.50), <20 years of age (AOR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.10–4.37), and reporting an unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.40–3.50). Late presentation in peri-urban communities was associated with unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.01–2.74), being told to come back later to initiate ANC after presenting early (AOR 0.51; 95% CI 0.30–0.89) and being pregnant for the first time (AOR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.34–0.94)

Conclusion
Both rural and peri-urban women had high rates of late presentation for first ANC. However, women in the rural communities were more likely to present late. Unplanned pregnancy was an independent risk factor in both rural and peri-urban communities. Interventions around family planning, especially for adolescent girls and young women, are needed to improve early presentation for ANC.
Ripple Mitigation for Slow Extraction Beam Quality Improvement
Creators: name: I.FAST WP5 members
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: IFAST-REX concerns the study of beam extraction dynamics with the main goal of applying practical technical mitigations of beam current fluctuations on the 10 µs to 10 ms time scale for a slowly extracted beam from a synchrotron, also referred to as spill micro-structure. Depending on the slow extraction mechanism, the dominant fluctuations are either caused by ripples of power supply currents for quadrupole magnets, causing a variation of the tune or by the excitation signal for utilized in transverse knock-out extraction. Within IFAST-REX, intensive beam-dynamics studies were performed to minimise the beam response and evaluate robust parameters to smoothen the extracted beam current. Experimental verifications at various facilities provide significant insight into the corresponding accelerator-physics.The engineering design for two innovative technical systems was performed as a second task. The first device concerns the measurement of the magnet power supply ripples ΔIAC in the presence of a strong DC current IDC. A resolution of ΔIAC/IDC < 10-6 is reached within a bandwidth of 10 Hz to 40 kHz. The second topic contains the low-level control electronics and power amplification chain for the knock-out extraction, providing a power of 500 W within a bandwidth from 0.1 to 20 MHz. For the control, the versatile Software Defined Radio technology is now used on an operational basis and provides multi-band excitations and online feedback; TRL 7 is reached.

The project goal concerning the micro-structure improvement of slow extraction was achieved by the IFAST-REX partners' common effort, as documented in this report.
Cerebral white matter disease and functional decline in older adults from the Northern Manhattan Study: A longitudinal cohort study
Creators: name: Dhamoon, Mandip Singh
name: Cheung, Ying Kuen
name: Moon, Yeseon P.
name: DeRosa, Janet
name: Sacco, Ralph L.
name: Elkind, Mitchell S.
name: Wright, Clinton B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Neurology
Medicine
Cerebral ischemia
Cognition disorders
Cardiovascular fitness

description: Background
Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on MRI are common and associated with vascular and functional outcomes. However, the relationship between WMHs and longitudinal trajectories of functional status is not well characterized. We hypothesized that whole brain WMHs are associated with functional decline independently of intervening clinical vascular events and other vascular risk factors.

Methods and findings
In the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS), a population-based racially/ethnically diverse prospective cohort study, 1,290 stroke-free individuals underwent brain MRI and were followed afterwards for a mean 7.3 years with annual functional assessments using the Barthel index (BI) (range 0–100) and vascular event surveillance. Whole brain white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) (as percentage of total cranial volume [TCV]) was standardized and treated continuously. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models tested associations between whole brain WMHV and baseline BI and change in BI, adjusting for sociodemographic, vascular, and cognitive risk factors, as well as stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) occurring during follow-up. Mean age was 70.6 (standard deviation [SD] 9.0) years, 40% of participants were male, 66% Hispanic; mean whole brain WMHV was 0.68% (SD 0.84). In fully adjusted models, annual functional change was −1.04 BI points (−1.20, −0.88), with −0.74 additional points annually per SD whole brain WMHV increase from the mean (−0.99, −0.49). Whole brain WMHV was not associated with baseline BI, and results were similar for mobility and non-mobility BI domains and among those with baseline BI 95–100. A limitation of the study is the possibility of a healthy survivor bias, which would likely have underestimated the associations we found.

Conclusions
In this large population-based study, greater whole brain WMHV was associated with steeper annual decline in functional status over the long term, independently of risk factors, vascular events, and baseline functional status. Subclinical brain ischemic changes may be an independent marker of long-term functional decline.
Effective three-particle interactions in low-energy models for multiband systems
Creators: name: Maier, Stefan A.
name: Honerkamp, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss different approximations for effective low-energy interactions in multi-band models for weakly correlated electrons. In the study of Fermi surface instabilities of the conduction band(s), the standard approximation consists only keeping those terms in the bare interactions that couple only to the conduction band(s), while corrections due to virtual excitations into bands away from the Fermi surface are typically neglected. Here, using a functional renormalization group approach, we present an improved truncation for the treatment of the effective interactions in the conduction band that keeps track of the generated three-particle interactions (six-point term) and hence allows one to include important aspects of these virtual interband excitations. Within a simplified two-patch treatment of the conduction band, we demonstrate that these corrections can have a rather strong effect in parts of the phase diagram by changing the critical scales for various orderings and the phase boundaries.
description: revised version, 16 pages, 13 figures
Using SAS® Arrays to Calculate Bouts of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity from Minute-by-Minute Fitbit Data
Creators: name: Parsons, Faith E.
name: Diaz, Keith M.
name: Julian, Jacob E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantitative research
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Exercise

description: The increasing popularity and affordability of wearable fitness tracking devices, together with their ability to provide granular physical activity data down to the minute-level, has enabled researchers to conduct advanced studies on the effects of physical activity on health and disease. This technology also provides statistical programmers the challenge of processing these data and translating them into analyzable measures. One such measure is the number of time-specific bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), (akin to ‘exercise’) which is needed to determine if the participant meets current physical activity guidelines (e.g.,150 min.of MVPA/week performed in bouts of at least 10 min.). In this paper, we illustrate how we used SAS® arrays to calculate the number of 10-min.bouts of MVPA per day and provide a working code that can be run on a sample file.
Tanaka structures modeled on extended Poincaré algebras
Creators: name: Altomani, Andrea
name: Santi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C30, 58A30, 53C27, 53C80

description: Let (V,(.,.)) be a pseudo-Euclidean vector space and S an irreducible Cl(V)-module. An extended translation algebra is a graded Lie algebra m = m_{-2}+m_{-1} = V+S with bracket given by ([s,t],v) = b(v.s,t) for some nondegenerate so(V)-invariant reflexive bilinear form b on S. An extended Poincaré structure on a manifold M is a regular distribution D of depth 2 whose Levi form L_x: D_x\wedge D_x\rightarrow T_xM/D_x at any point x\in M is identifiable with the bracket [.,.]: S\wedge S\rightarrow V of a fixed extended translation algebra m. The classification of the standard maximally homogeneous manifolds with an extended Poincaré structure is given, in terms of Tanaka prolongations of extended translation algebras and of appropriate gradations of real simple Lie algebras.
description: 23 pages, 4 tables v2: minor revision v3: Major revision of the introduction
DGamma and Lifetime measurements at CMS
Creators: name: Kar, Chandiprasad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Precise measurement of the B hadron lifetime play an important role in non-perturbative aspect of QCD. My talk is based on the measurement done by CMS with the Run1 data. In neutral Bs meson, we observe a sizeable mass difference due to its particle and antiparticle oscillation. Precise measurement of the mixing phase and dgamma can give a signature of beyond Standard model of physics. In this talk, I will present the published results on the dgamma measurement at CMS experiment using Run1 data.
Managing Qualtrics Survey Distributions and Response Data with SAS®
Creators: name: Parsons, Faith E.
name: Mota, Sean J.
name: Quan, Yan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Social surveys
Social sciences--Research
Research--Management

description: Managing multiple surveys and distributing them to several research participants at multiple time intervals can be tedious and time consuming. Qualtrics is an online survey tool that offers a variety of features that could be useful for researchers. By using SAS to interface with the Qualtrics REST API, and SAS XML Mapper to generate the XML maps from the XML responses, we were able to implement an effective system that enabled survey data to be accessed regularly, accurately scheduled the distribution of surveys to research participants, and prevented withdrawn participants from receiving scheduled emails.
In this paper, we demonstrate how to implement the submit API requests with the FILENAME statement (URL access method) and process API responses with SAS® XML Mapper. Additionally we describe an approach for tracking active and inactive respondents.
An Assessment of Why Physicians' Electronically Ordered Add-on Laboratory Tests Are Not Performed in a Large, University Hospital Laboratory
Creators: name: Tran, N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: add-on testing

description: With the universal adoption of the electronic medical records systems in hospitals, physicians often tend to abuse the features that allow for unrestricted electronic laboratory tests orders for so-called “add-on” testing. An add-on test is a physician order for a test to be performed on a specimen that has already been collected for other testing purposes. We have observed that having physicians electronically do add-on laboratory orders does not work well since there are many issues involved that may make the add-on ordered test impossible for the laboratory to perform. This leaves the laboratory staff having to contact the physician by telephone to let them know there is a problem. To address this issue, we monitored add-on test orders for a seven day period and observed the following: 1) a total of 1,062 add-on tests were electronically ordered, 2) 883 (83%) of add-on tests were performed and 3) 179 (17%) of add-on tests were not performed. We investigated the major reasons why these add-on tests could not be performed and summarized our findings into 10 major categories which can be broken down into 21 subcategories. As shown in the figure, 34 % (60/179) of add-on tests not performed were specimens collected in the wrong tube/container, 29% (52/179) of tests not performed were duplicate orders, while for 14% (25/179) of add-on tests not performed, no specimen was available in the laboratory. We conclude physician add-on orders require either 1) a sophisticated rules-based assisted expert physician order entry system to alert the physician when an add-on test is possible or 2) a more collaborative approach with the laboratory....such as physicians calling the laboratory and placing the order verbally. Unfortunately, many hospitals including ours do not have the level of IT technology required to do expert system assisted physician add-on order management.
description: https://www.2019aacc.org/abstracts/annual-meeting-abstract-archive/2016-annual-meeting-archive
EVM and Achievable Data Rate Analysis of Clipped OFDM Signals in Visible Light Communication
Creators: name: Yu, Zhenhua
name: Baxley, Robert J.
name: Zhou, G. Tong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been considered for visible light communication (VLC) thanks to its ability to boost data rates as well as its robustness against frequency-selective fading channels. A major disadvantage of OFDM is the large dynamic range of its time-domain waveforms, making OFDM vulnerable to nonlinearity of light emitting diodes (LEDs). DC biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) and asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) are two popular OFDM techniques developed for the VLC. In this paper, we will analyze the performance of the DCO-OFDM and ACO-OFDM signals in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM), signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR), and achievable data rates under both average optical power and dynamic optical power constraints. EVM is a commonly used metric to characterize distortions. We will describe an approach to numerically calculate the EVM for DCO-OFDM and ACO-OFDM. We will derive the optimum biasing ratio in the sense of minimizing EVM for DCO-OFDM. Additionally, we will formulate the EVM minimization problem as a convex linear optimization problem and obtain an EVM lower bound against which to compare the DCO-OFDM and ACO-OFDM techniques. We will prove that the ACO-OFDM can achieve the lower bound. Average optical power and dynamic optical power are two main constraints in VLC. We will derive the achievable data rates under these two constraints for both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and frequency-selective channel. We will compare the performance of DCO-OFDM and ACO-OFDM under different power constraint scenarios.
Critical Librarianship as an Academic Pursuit
Creators: name: Beilin, Ian G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Library science
Librarians
Academic librarians

description: This chapter seeks to better understand why the set of discourses and practices called ‘critical librarianship’ are not easily reconciled. It explores why it is difficult for librarians and/or LIS scholars as a group to agree on the primary or defining characteristics of critical librarianship. In particular, the chapter examines the strong association of critical librarianship with academia and academic librarianship. It suggests some paths toward reconciliation, placing the burden on academic librarians to meet other practitioners and theorists closer to where they stand.
Generating new dualities through the orbifold equivalence: a demonstration in ABJM and four-dimensional quivers
Creators: name: Hanada, Masanori
name: Hoyos, Carlos
name: Karch, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the recently proposed large $N$ equivalence between ABJM theories with Chern-Simons terms of different rank and level, U(N_1)_{k_1}\times U(N_1)_{-k_1} and U(N_2)_{k_2}\times U(N_2)_{-k_2}, but the same value of N' =N_1 k_1=N_2 k_2, can be explained using planar equivalence in the mirror duals. The combination of S-dualities and orbifold equivalence can be applied to other cases as well, with very appealing results. As an example we show that two different quiver theories with k nodes can be easily shown to be Seiberg dual through the orbifold equivalence, but it requires order k^2 steps to give a proof when Seiberg duality is performed node by node.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, minor changes and references added
Early structure formation from cosmic string loops
Creators: name: Shlaer, Benjamin
name: Vilenkin, Alexander
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the effects of cosmic strings on structure formation and on the ionization history of the universe. While Gaussian perturbations from inflation are known to provide the dominant contribution to the large scale structure of the universe, density perturbations due to strings are highly non-Gaussian and can produce nonlinear structures at very early times. This could lead to early star formation and reionization of the universe. We improve on earlier studies of these effects by accounting for high loop velocities and for the filamentary shape of the resulting halos. We find that for string energy scales Gμ> 10^{-7} the effect of strings on the CMB temperature and polarization power spectra can be significant and is likely to be detectable by the Planck satellite. We mention shortcomings of the standard cosmological model of galaxy formation which may be remedied with the addition of cosmic strings, and comment on other possible observational implications of early structure formation by strings.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures. References added