cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Long-distance twin-field quantum key distribution with entangled sources
Creators: name: Li, Bing-Hong
name: Xie, Yuan-Mei
name: Li, Zhao
name: Weng, Chen-Xun
name: Li, Chen-Long
name: Yin, Hua-Lei
name: Chen, Zeng-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Twin-field quantum key distribution (TFQKD), using single-photon-type interference, offers a way to exceed the rate-distance limit without quantum repeaters. However, it still suffers from the photon losses and dark counts, which impose an ultimate limit on its transmission distance. In this letter, we propose a scheme to implement TFQKD with an entangled coherent state source in the middle to increase its range, as well as comparing its performance under coherent attacks with that of TFQKD variants. Simulations show that our protocol has a theoretical distance advantage of 400 kilometers. Moreover, the scheme has great robustness against the misalignment error and finite-size effects. Our work is a promising step toward long-distance secure communication and is greatly compatible with future global quantum network.
description: 4+4 pages, 5 figures
Quantifying the Coexistence of Massive Black Holes and Dense Nuclear Star Clusters
Creators: name: Graham, Alister W.
name: Spitler, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In large spheroidal stellar systems, such as elliptical galaxies, one invariably finds a 10^6-10^9 M_Sun supermassive black hole at their centre. In contrast, within dwarf elliptical galaxies one predominantly observes a 10^5-10^7 M_Sun nuclear star cluster. To date, few galaxies have been found with both type of nuclei coexisting and even less have had the masses determined for both central components. Here we identify one dozen galaxies housing nuclear star clusters and supermassive black holes whose masses have been measured. This doubles the known number of such hermaphrodite nuclei - which are expected to be fruitful sources of gravitational radiation. Over the host spheroid (stellar) mass range from 10^8 to 10^11 M_Sun, we find that a galaxy's nucleus-to-spheroid (baryon) mass ratio is not a constant value but decreases from a few percent to ~0.3 percent such that log[(M_BH+M_NC)/M_sph] = -(0.39+/-0.07)log[M_sph/10^10 M_Sun] -(2.18+/-0.07). Once dry merging has commenced by M_sph ~ 10^11 M_Sun and the nuclear star clusters have disappeared, this ratio is expected to become a constant value. As a byproduct of our investigation, we have found that the projected flux from resolved nuclear star clusters can be well approximated with Sersic functions having a range of indices from ~0.5 to ~3, the latter index describing the Milky Way's nuclear star cluster.
description: To appear in MNRAS
A New Approach to Probing Primordial Non-Gaussianity
Creators: name: Munshi, Dipak
name: Heavens, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the dual challenge of estimating deviations from Gaussianity arising in models of the Early Universe, whilst retaining information necessary to assess whether a detection of non-Gaussianity is primordial. We do this by constructing a new statistic, the bispectrum-related power spectrum, which is constructed from a map of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The estimator is optimised for primordial non-Gaussianity detection, but can also be useful in distinguishing primordial non-Gaussianity from secondary non-Gaussianity, such as may arise from unsubtracted point sources, or residuals from component separation. Extending earlier studies we present unbiased non-Gaussianity estimators optimised for partial sky coverage and inhomogeneous noise associated with realistic scan strategies, but which retain the ability to assess foreground contamination.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
title: Este caderno
Creators: name: Sepúlveda, Pedro
name: Uribe, Jorge
Publisher: name: IELT – Instituto de Estudos de Literatura e Tradição, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
Year: 2014

description: Introdução à Revista Estranhar Pessoa, n.º 1 (Caderno do Dia Triunfal), por Pedro Sepúlveda e Jorge Uribe.
description: SEPÚLVEDA, Pedro e Jorge URIBE (2014) “Este caderno”, Revista Estranhar Pessoa, 1: 5–9. ISSN: 2183-4075
Post-common envelope binaries from SDSS - VII: A catalogue of white dwarf-main sequence binaries
Creators: name: Rebassa-Mansergas, A.
name: Gaensicke, B. T.
name: Schreiber, M. R.
name: Koester, D.
name: Rodriguez-Gil, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a catalogue of 1602 white dwarf-main sequence binaries (WDMS) from the spectroscopic Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6 (SDSS DR6). Among these we identify 440 as new WDMS binaries. We select WDMS binary candidates from template fitting all 1.27 million DR6 spectra, using combined constraints in both $χ^{2}$ and signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, we use Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and UKIRT Infrared Sky Survey (UKIDSS) magnitudes to search for objects in which one of the two components dominates the SDSS spectrum. We use a decomposition/fitting technique to measure the effective temperatures, surface gravities, masses and distances to the white dwarfs, as well as the spectral types and distances to the companions in our catalogue. Distributions and density maps obtained from these stellar parameters are then used to study both the general properties and the selection effects of WDMS binaries in SDSS. We also make use of SDSS-GALEX-UKIDSS magnitudes to investigate the distribution of WDMS binaries, as well as their white dwarf effective temperatures and companion star spectral types, in ultraviolet to infrared colour space. We show that WDMS binaries can be very efficiently separated from single main sequence stars and white dwarfs when using a combined ultraviolet, optical, and infrared colour selection. Finally, we also provide radial velocities for 1068 systems measured from the \Lines{Na}{I}{8183.27,8194.81} absorption doublet and/or the H$α$ emission line. Among the systems with multiple SDSS spectroscopy, we find five new systems exhibiting significant radial velocity variations, identifying them as post-common-envelope binary candidates.
description: Accepted in MNRAS. The paper contains 19 figures and 10 tables. Tables 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 will be published in full online only
Observational Limits on Patchy Reionization: Implications for B-modes
Creators: name: Mortonson, Michael J.
name: Hu, Wayne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent detection of secondary CMB anisotropy by the South Pole Telescope places a conservative bound on temperature fluctuations from the optical depth-modulated Doppler effect of T_{3000} < sqrt{13} microK at multipoles l~3000. This bound is the first empirical constraint on reionization optical depth fluctuations at arcminute scales, tau_{3000} = 0.001 T_{3000}/microK, implying that these fluctuations are no more than a few percent of the mean. Optical depth modulation of the quadrupole source to polarization generates B-modes that are correspondingly bounded as B_{3000} = 0.003 T_{3000}. The maximal extrapolation to the l~100 gravitational wave regime yields B_{100} = 0.1 T_{3000} and remains in excess of gravitational lensing if the effective comoving size of the ionizing regions is R > 80 Mpc. If patchy reionization is responsible for much of the observed arcminute scale temperature fluctuations, current bounds on B_{100} already require R < 200 Mpc and can be expected to improve rapidly. Frequency separation of thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich contributions to the measured secondary anisotropy would also substantially improve the limits on optical depth fluctuations and B-modes from reionization.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev. D (Brief Report)
Relaxation of antiferromagnetic order in spin-1/2 chains following a quantum quench
Creators: name: Barmettler, Peter
name: Punk, Matthias
name: Gritsev, Vladimir
name: Demler, Eugene
name: Altman, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the unitary time evolution of antiferromagnetic order in anisotropic Heisenberg chains that are initially prepared in a pure quantum state far from equilibrium. Our analysis indicates that the antiferromagnetic order imprinted in the initial state vanishes exponentially. Depending on the anisotropy parameter, oscillatory or non-oscillatory relaxation dynamics is observed. Furthermore, the corresponding relaxation time exhibits a at the critical point, in contrast to the usual notion of critical slowing down, from which a maximum is expected.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Estimating the prevalence of text overlap in biomedical conference abstracts
Creators: name: Kinney, Nick
name: Araba Wubah
name: Roig, Miguel
name: Garner, Harold R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. An example of text overlap – same meeting. Both abstracts were presented at the same meeting: 2014 European Association for the Study of Obesity. The abstracts have overlapping authors, and both were presented as posters. Only minor, insignificant changes have been made to the methods, results, and conclusions. Measurements from the results sections in each abstract are identical. Both were presented as posters. Figure S2. An example of text overlap – same conference. The left abstract was presented at the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2013. The right abstract was presented at the same conference in 2016. Title and results are identical with minor changes to the abstractive narrative. Abstracts share at least one overlapping author. Figure S3. An example of text overlap - MEDLINE. The left abstract was published in the June 2008 issue of Parasitology International. Four year later (in 2012) the same abstract was presented as a poster at the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Figure S4. An example of false-positives. Both abstracts were presented at the same meeting: the 2018 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. According to eTBLAST, these abstracts have a similarity score of .998. A domain expert classifies these as false-positives because one was presented as a poster (right), the other was presented as a talk (left). Only posters were considered in our analysis. We did not consider workshops, plenary talks, or keynotes. Figure S5. An example of a putative plagiarism. The right abstract was published in 2013 (Kang JW, Song HG, Yang DH, Baek S, Kim DH, Song JM, Kang DH, Lim TH, Song JK. Association between bicuspid aortic valve phenotype and patterns of valvular dysfunction and bicuspid aortopathy: comprehensive evaluation using MDCT and echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013 Feb;6(2):150–61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.11.007 . PMID: 23489528.) The left abstract was presented in the 2018 Society of Thoracic Surgeons, abstract 14,001. According to eTBLAST, these abstracts have a similarity score of .75. Sentences with particularly significant similarity is underlined.
Analytic non-homogeneous condensates in the $(2+1)$-dimensional Yang-Mills-Higgs-Chern-Simons theory at finite density
Creators: name: Canfora, Fabrizio
name: Flores-Alfonso, Daniel
name: Lagos, Marcela
name: Vera, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the first analytic examples of non-homogeneous condensates in the Georgi-Glashow model at finite density in $(2+1)$ dimensions. The non-homogeneous condensates, which live within a cylinder of finite spatial volume, possess a novel topological charge that prevents them from decaying in the trivial vacuum. Also the non-Abelian magnetic flux can be computed explicitly. These solutions exist for constant and non-constant Higgs profile and, depending on the length of the cylinder, finite density transitions occur. In the case in which the Higgs profile is not constant, the full system of coupled field equations reduce to the Lamé equation for the gauge field (the Higgs field being an elliptic function). For large values of this length, the energetically favored configuration is the one with a constant Higgs profile, while, for small values, it is the one with non-constant Higgs profile. The non-Abelian Chern-Simons term can also be included without spoiling the integrability properties of these configurations. Finally, we study the stability of the solutions under a particular type of perturbations.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures, version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
The Music Copyright regime in Multiversal Bangladesh: A gainful succession or a system seeking evolution?
Creators: name: Siddiqua, Aanon
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2025

description: This thesis investigates the following: The Music Copyright regime in Multiversal Bangladesh: A gainful succession or a system seeking evolution? Research to date discusses the provisions of the existing copyright law in general, identifying inefficacies in implementation and enforcement without explaining how they developed and why they exist. This research focuses on accessing and explaining rationales behind the inefficacies and informs our theoretical and empirical understanding of the phenomenon.

My lived experience as a musician and a legal researcher, guided me to consider accessing copyright law in relation to commercial music contracts from a rights-based perspective of songwriters and performers. I obtained doctrinal data and employed thematic document analysis and utilised the theoretical lens of legal transplant and functionalism. Further, I conducted ‘semi-structured qualitative interviews’ with stakeholders of the Bangladeshi music industry. The combined application of IPA (Interpretative phenomenological analysis) and the Buddhist theory of “Emptiness” enabled me to interpret and analyse the qualitative data and to build upon the traditional doctrinal reading. 

A key research finding is that the core inefficacies of the music copyright regime stems from laws and policies being constructed without taking the cultural, socio-economic and contextual history of this region into account. The widespread culture of unawareness within which this regime developed, created a complex landscape that is unmanageable. I conclude that musicians are skipping this complex era and bypassing the record labels and publishing houses to produce music by themselves, that they can publish through the Internet. Only proper amendments and implementations of law and policies can provide the support that this sector need to bring about this much needed evolution. I suggest that this can be achieved by considering contextual background and determining what constitutes the music copyright regime. I identify the components and explain how changes in them can influence the machinery of the copyright regime. This study will inform law and policy makers, academics and future researchers involved in this field.
title: Tumores musculoesqueléticos de partes blandas con criterios radiológicos de malignidad y benignidad histológica.
Creators: name: Zevallos, Carmen
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue

description: Objetivo docente
Revisión del tema
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivo docente:
►Describir los signos radiológicos y predictores de malignidad de los tumores de partes blandas en extremidades. ►Exponer ejemplos de tumores de partes blandas con signos radiológicos de malignidad y diagnóstico benigno anatomo-patologico....
Additional file 1 of Characteristics and patterns of older adult homicides in the United States
Creators: name: Shawon, Riffat Ara
name: Avanti Adhia
name: DeCou, Christopher
name: Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
title: Transformaci??n de la publicaci??n cient??fica en el ??mbito del Acceso Abierto: nuevas pr??cticas para la Ciencia Abierta. Edici??n para el personal bibliotecario CSIC
title: Mandato institucional de acceso abierto del CSIC, v??as de cumplimiento y DIGITAL.CSIC
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Rom??N-Molina, Juan
name: Oficina T??Cnica De DIGITAL.CSIC
Publisher: name: CSIC - Unidad de Recursos de Informaci??n Cient??fica para la Investigaci??n (URICI)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Publicaci??n cient??fica
Acceso abierto
Open Access
Ciencia Abierta
Open Science
DIGITAL.CSIC
Mandato institucional de acceso abierto
CSIC Open Access Mandate
Monitorizaci??n
Estrategia de carga
Copyright
FAIR
Open Access Monitoring
Permisos editoriales
Licencias

description: Esta presentaci??n forma parte del curso del Gabinete de Formaci??n del CSIC impartido por la Unidad de Recursos de Informaci??n Cient??fica para la Investigaci??n (URICI-CSIC), "Transformaci??n de la publicaci??n cient??fica en el ??mbito del Acceso Abierto: nuevas pr??cticas para la Ciencia Abierta" celebrada para el personal bibliotecario del CSIC del 17 al 19 de octubre de 2023.
description: DISPONIBLE PR??XIMAMENTE.
description: Mandato institucional de acceso abierto CSIC, v??as de cumplimiento y monitorizaci??n. DIGITAL.CSIC, pol??ticas, v??as de carga, permisos editoriales y licencias, servicios, funcionalidades y ventajas.
CIFRA National Survey: Uruguay January 1994
Creators: name: CIFRA, In Bogliaccini, Juan, And Queirolo Rosario Laboratorio De Opinión Pública And Redes Sociales En Uruguay Collection (Social Networks And Public Opinion Lab Collection)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Total population: summer water activities; free plastic surgery; danger from the sun; beach cleaning services; rate kindness of political figures; political figures and groups approval; single motherhood; difficulty of obtaining a divorce; marriage before children; sex before marriage; family economic situation; closeness to political party; playing sports; importance of children playing sports; National Commission for Physical Education; proposal for creation of Department of Sports; presidential candidate preferences; dedication to religion; 1989 voting history; voter readiness; ideal political party for mayor. Maldonado: water supply; where to go on vacation. Montevideo: family origins; healthcare; bathing in the beaches; beach contamination; infrastructure repair. National Agency for Research and Innovation (ANII) Collection.
IRS Spectroscopy and Multi-wavelength Study of Luminous Star-forming Galaxies at z~1.9
Creators: name: Huang, J. -S.
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Laird, E. S.
name: Lai, K.
name: Omont, A.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Younger, J. D.
name: Bundy, K.
name: Cattaneo, A.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Conselice, C. J.
name: Dickinson, M.
name: Egami, E.
name: Fazio, G. G.
name: Im, M.
name: Koo, D.
name: Floc'h, E. Le
name: Papovich, C.
name: Rigopoulou, D.
name: Smail, I.
name: Song, M.
name: Van de Werf, P. P.
name: Webb, T. M. A.
name: Willmer, C. N. A.
name: Willner, S. P.
name: Yan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a sample of galaxies chosen to have F24>0.5 mJy and satisfy a certain IRAC color criterion. IRS spectra yield redshifts, spectral types, and PAH luminosities, to which we add multi-wavelength broadband photometry. Stellar population modeling and IRS spectra together demonstrate that the double criteria used to select this sample have efficiently isolated massive star-forming galaxies at z~1.9. This is the first starburst-dominated ULIRG sample at high redshift with total infrared luminosity measured directly from FIR and millimeter photometry, and as such gives us the first accurate view of broadband SEDs for starburst galaxies at extremely high luminosity and at all wavelengths. Similar broadband data are assembled for three other galaxy samples -- local starburst galaxies, local AGN/ULIRGS, and a second 24mu-luminous z~1.9 sample dominated by AGN. L(PAH)/L(IR) for the new z~1.9 starburst sample is the highest ever seen, some three times higher than in local starbursts, whereas in AGNs this ratio is depressed below the starburst trend, often severely. Several pieces of evidence imply that AGNs exist in this starburst dominated sample, except two of which even host very strong AGN, while they still have very strong PAH emission. The ACS images show most objects have very extended morphologies in the rest-frame UV band, thus extended distribution of PAH molecules. Such an extended distribution prevents further destruction PAH molecules by central AGNs. We conclude that objects in this sample are ULIRGs powered mainly by starburst; and the total infrared luminosity density contributed by this type of objects is 0.9-2.6x 10^7 Lsol/Mpc^3.
description: 45 pages, 14 Figuress. accepted for publication in ApJ
Le strategie di internazionalizzazione delle imprese distrettuali: un'analisi comparata di tre diversi sistemi locali di produzione in Emilia Romagna
Internationalisation strategies of district enterprises: a comparative analysis of three different local systems of production of Emilia Romagna
Creators: name: Monti, Enrico <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: Since the Nineties, the process of globalization has caused a sharp increase in the real and financial integration of the worldwide economy, reducing the obstacles to international trade and minimizing the cost of transaction. The entrance of foreign firms in the domestic market has deeply modified the competitive situation of Italian enterprises, which have been forced to change their strategies in order to cope with those of the new competitors. In this scenario, internationalization is no longer one of the different strategic options available for the firm, but it becomes a forced choice to maintain or acquire a competitive advantage sustainable over time.
Internationalization strategies of SMEs, however, are hindered by the shortage of financial resources and entrepreneurial skills, therefore this kind of firms tends toward light forms of foreign expansion, like export and subcontracting. Despite this, many studies have demonstrated that the district localisation increases the firms’ productivity and innovative capacity, so their competiveness both at a domestic and international level. The majority of these empirical contributions has focused mainly on the analysis of commercial flows, confirming that district enterprises reach a superior international performance compared to their external competitors. On the contrary, only few works have tried to evaluate the existence of a district effect on the firms’ ability to invest abroad, but the obtained results are not straightforward. One of the reason of these conclusions is that the phenomena has been analysed without taking into account the differences existing between districts in terms of enterprises’ dimension, diffusion of industrial groups and, above all, the sector of productive specialization, because the technological content of production could improve the innovativeness of district firms, allowing them to adopt advanced forms of internationalisation as foreign direct investments (FDI).
The aim of the thesis is to further investigate the district effect on internationalisation, trough an econometric analysis of the international strategies carried out by firms localised in three different local system of production characterised by different technological specialization.
Upstream open reading frames mediate autophagy-related protein translation
Creators: name: Yang, Ying
name: Gatica, Damián
name: Liu, Xu
name: Wu, Runliu
name: Kang, Rui
name: Tang, Daolin
name: Klionsky, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology

description: Macroautophagy/autophagy, a highly conserved catabolic pathway that maintains proper cellular homeostasis is stringently regulated by numerous autophagy-related (Atg) proteins. Many studies have investigated autophagy regulation at the transcriptional level; however, relatively little is known about translational control. Here, we report the upstream open reading frame (uORF)-mediated translational control of multiple Atg proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in human cells. The translation of several essential autophagy regulators in yeast, including Atg13, is suppressed by canonical uORFs under nutrient-rich conditions, and is activated during nitrogen-starvation conditions. We also found that the predicted human ATG4B and ATG12 non-canonical uORFs suppress downstream coding sequence translation. These results demonstrate that uORF-mediated translational control is a widely used mechanism among ATG genes from yeast to human and suggest a model for how some ATG genes bypass the general translational suppression that occurs under stress conditions to maintain a proper level of autophagy. Abbreviations: 5’ UTR, 5’ untranslated region; Atg, autophagy-related; CDS, coding sequence; Cvt, cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting; HBSS, Hanks’ balanced salt solution; PA, protein A; PE, phosphati-dylethanolamine; PIC, preinitiation complex; PtdIns3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription PCR; Ubl, ubiquitin-like; uORF, upstream open reading frame; WT, wild-type.
Additional file 1 of Life after falls prevention exercise – experiences of older people taking part in a clinical trial: a phenomenological study
Creators: name: Finnegan, Susanne
name: Bruce, Julie
name: Seers, Kate
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Computational investigations of ion conduction mechanisms using enhanced sampling methods
Creators: name: Ceccarini, Luisa <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: CHIM/08 Chimica farmaceutica

description: Proper ion channels’ functioning is a prerequisite for a normal cell and disorders involving ion channels, or channelopathies, underlie many human diseases. Long QT syndromes (LQTS) for example may arise from the malfunctioning of hERG channel, caused either by the binding of drugs or mutations in HERG gene.
In the first part of this thesis I present a framework to investigate the mechanism of ion conduction through hERG channel. The free energy profile governing the elementary steps of ion translocation in the pore was computed by means of umbrella sampling simulations. Compared to previous studies, we detected a different dynamic behavior: according to our data hERG is more likely to mediate a conduction mechanism which has been referred to as “single-vacancy-like” by Roux and coworkers (2001), rather then a “knock-on” mechanism. The same protocol was applied to a model of hERG presenting the Gly628Ser mutation, found to be cause of congenital LQTS. The results provided interesting insights about the reason of the malfunctioning of the mutant channel.
Since they have critical functions in viruses’ life cycle, viral ion channels, such as M2 proton channel, are considered attractive targets for antiviral therapy. A deep knowledge of the mechanisms that the virus employs to survive in the host cell is of primary importance in the identification of new antiviral strategies.
In the second part of this thesis I shed light on the role that M2 plays in the control of electrical potential inside the virus, being the charge equilibration a condition required to allow proton influx. The ion conduction through M2 was simulated using metadynamics technique. Based on our results we suggest that a potential anion-mediated cation-proton exchange, as well as a direct anion-proton exchange could both contribute to explain the activity of the M2 channel.
Upstream open reading frames mediate autophagy-related protein translation
Creators: name: Yang, Ying
name: Mizala, Damian Gatica
name: Liu, Xu
name: Wu, Runliu
name: Kang, Rui
name: Tang, Daolin
name: Klionsky, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health

description: Macroautophagy/autophagy, a highly conserved catabolic pathway that maintains proper cellular homeostasis is stringently regulated by numerous autophagy-related (Atg) proteins. Many studies have investigated autophagy regulation at the transcriptional level; however, relatively little is known about translational control. Here, we report the upstream open reading frames (uORFs)-mediated translational control of multiple Atg proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in human cells. The translation of several essential autophagy regulators in yeast, including Atg13, is suppressed by canonical uORFs under nutrient-rich conditions, and is activated during nitrogen-starvation conditions. We also found that the predicted human ATG4B and ATG12 non-canonical uORFs suppress downstream coding sequence translation. These results demonstrate that uORF-mediated translational control is a widely used mechanism among ATG genes from yeast to human and suggest a model for how some ATG genes bypass the general translational suppression that occurs under stress conditions to maintain a proper level of autophagy.
Antecedents and consequences of individual flexibility in project-based organizations
Creators: name: Vicentini, Francesca <1982>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/08 Economia e gestione delle imprese

description: In the last decades, the increasing significance of “projectivization” (Lundin & Steinthórsson, 2003) has stimulated considerable interest in project-based organizations as new economic actors able to introduce a new logic of organizing work and weakening boundaries in favour of networks of collaborations. In these contexts, work is often delegated to project teams. Deciding whom to put on a project team is one of the biggest challenges faced by a project manager; in particular which characteristics rely on to compose and match effective teams. We address this issue, focusing on the individual flexibility (Raudsepp, 1990), as team composition variable that affects project team performance. Thus, the research question investigated is: Is it better to compose project teams with flexible team members or not flexible project team members to achieve higher levels of project performance?
The temporary nature of PBOs involves that after achieving the purpose for which team members are enrolled, they are disbanded but their relationships remain, allowing them to be involved in future projects (Starkey, Barnatt & Tempest, 2000). Pre-existing relationships together with the current relationships create a network of relationships that yields some implications for project teams as well as for team members. We address this issue, exploring the following research question: To what extent is the individual flexibility influenced by the network structure? 
The conceptual framework is used to articulate the research questions investigated with respect to the Television drama serials production. Their project-team organizing combined with their capacity to dissolve and recreate over time make it an interesting field to develop. We contribute to the organizational literature, providing a clear operationalization of individual flexibility construct and its role on affecting project performance. Second, we contribute to the organizational network literature addressing the effects yielded by the network structure-structural holes and network closure- on the individual flexibility.
Artifact- and content-specific quality assessment for MRI with image rulers
Creators: name: Lei, Ke
name: Pauly, John M.
name: Vasanawala, Shreyas S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In clinical practice MR images are often first seen by radiologists long after the scan. If image quality is inadequate either patients have to return for an additional scan, or a suboptimal interpretation is rendered. An automatic image quality assessment (IQA) would enable real-time remediation. Existing IQA works for MRI give only a general quality score, agnostic to the cause of and solution to low-quality scans. Furthermore, radiologists' image quality requirements vary with the scan type and diagnostic task. Therefore, the same score may have different implications for different scans. We propose a framework with multi-task CNN model trained with calibrated labels and inferenced with image rulers. Labels calibrated by human inputs follow a well-defined and efficient labeling task. Image rulers address varying quality standards and provide a concrete way of interpreting raw scores from the CNN. The model supports assessments of two of the most common artifacts in MRI: noise and motion. It achieves accuracies of around 90%, 6% better than the best previous method examined, and 3% better than human experts on noise assessment. Our experiments show that label calibration, image rulers, and multi-task training improve the model's performance and generalizability.
A historical perspective on water governance in Republic of Ireland
Creators: name: Hammond Antwi, Sarpong
name: Linnane, Suzanne
name: Rolston, Alec
name: Getty, David
name: H. Slinger, Jill
Publisher: name: International Journal of Water Governance
Year: 2023

description: This paper provides a historical perspective on the evolution of water governance in the Republic of Ireland where long-term shifts in agricultural activities, demographic characteristics, water and debates over drinking water supply charges have influenced water resources governance and the integration of management practices. Drawing on threads from the past, the paper first describes how water governance from the early 1950s focused on rural access to water, pollution control and monitoring. With the advent of the Water Framework Directive in 2003, the crux of policy and management practices changed, with 81% of present policies mirroring Integrated Water Resource Management principles. However, issues such as the implementation of drinking water supply water charges and equitable access to water resources remain controversial. Looking to the future, the effects of climate change and land use planning, as well as demographic changes and international legislation are among those factors influencing water policy and management in the Republic of Ireland. Structured stakeholder engagement and further research directed at improving water quality is advocated to promote a sustainable and equitable water future.
description: International Journal of Water Governance, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2023): Regular issue
The development and applications of ultrafast electron nanocrystallography
Creators: name: Ruan, Chong-Yu
name: Murooka, Yoshie
name: Raman, Ramani K.
name: Murdick, Ryan A.
name: Worhatch, Richard J.
name: Pell, Aric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the development of ultrafast electron nanocrystallography as a method for investigating structural dynamics for nanoscale materials and interfaces. Its sensitivity and resolution are demonstrated in the studies of surface melting of gold nanocrystals, nonequilibrium transformation of graphite into reversible diamond-like intermediates, and molecular scale charge dynamics, showing a versatility for not only determining the structures, but also the charge and energy redistribution at interfaces. A quantitative scheme for three-dimensional retrieval of atomic structures is demonstrated with few-particle (< 1000) sensitivity, establishing this nanocrystallographic method as a tool for directly visualizing dynamics within isolated nanomaterials with atomic scale spatio-temporal resolution.
description: 33 pages, 17 figures (Review article, 2008 conference of ultrafast electron microscopy conference and ultrafast sciences)
AXIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW UZBEKISTAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Creators: name: Kokan State Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of History, National Idea, Moral Foundations and Legal Studies, Group 401 student Inomjonov Elbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In this article, the need to achieve harmony of traditional and modern values in the implementation of the development strategy of New Uzbekistan is scientifically and comparatively analyzed. In addition, the axiological basis of the concept of traditionalism has been researched, and its rationalist and praxeological influence on society has been studied.

Key words: value, traditional value, modern value, traditionalism, axiological, dialectic, modernization
Sviluppo di un tomografo multi-energy per lo studio pre-clinico di nuove metodiche diagnostiche finalizzate al riconoscimento precoce della patologia tumorale
Creators: name: Masetti, Simone <1970>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2008
Subjects: FIS/07 Fisica applicata (a beni culturali, ambientali, biologia e medicina)

description: A new multi-energy CT for small animals is being developed at the Physics Department of the
University of Bologna, Italy. The system makes use of a set of quasi-monochromatic X-ray beams,
with energy tunable in a range from 26 KeV to 72 KeV. These beams are produced by Bragg
diffraction on a Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite crystal. With quasi-monochromatic sources it is
possible to perform multi-energy investigation in a more effective way, as compared with conventional
X-ray tubes.
Multi-energy techniques allow extracting physical information from the materials, such as effective
atomic number, mass-thickness, density, that can be used to distinguish and quantitatively characterize
the irradiated tissues. The aim of the system is the investigation and the development of new pre-clinic
methods for the early detection of the tumors in small animals.
An innovative technique, the Triple-Energy Radiography with Contrast Medium (TER), has been
successfully implemented on our system.
TER consist in combining a set of three quasi-monochromatic images of an object, in order to obtain a
corresponding set of three single-tissue images, which are the mass-thickness map of three reference
materials. TER can be applied to the quantitative mass-thickness-map reconstruction of a contrast
medium, because it is able to remove completely the signal due to other tissues (i.e. the structural
background noise). The technique is very sensitive to the contrast medium and is insensitive to the
superposition of different materials. The method is a good candidate to the early detection of the tumor
angiogenesis in mice.
In this work we describe the tomographic system, with a particular focus on the quasi-monochromatic
source. Moreover the TER method is presented with some preliminary results about small animal
imaging.
Fundamental relation between longitudinal and transverse conductivities in the quantum Hall system
Creators: name: Endo, Akira
name: Hatano, Naomichi
name: Nakamura, Hiroaki
name: Shirasaki, Ryoen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relation between the diagonal ($σ_{xx}$) and off-diagonal ($σ_{xy}$) components of the conductivity tensor in the quantum Hall system. We calculate the conductivity components for a short-range impurity potential using the linear response theory, employing an approximation that simply replaces the self-energy by a constant value $-i \hbar /(2 τ)$ with $τ$ the scattering time. The approximation is equivalent to assuming that the broadening of a Landau level due to disorder is represented by a Lorentzian with the width $Γ= \hbar /(2 τ)$. Analytic formulas are obtained for both $σ_{xx}$ and $σ_{xy}$ within the framework of this simple approximation at low temperatures. By examining the leading terms in $σ_{xx}$ and $σ_{xy}$, we find a proportional relation between $\mathrm{d}σ_{xy}/\mathrm{d}B$ and $B σ_{xx}^2$. The relation, after slight modification to account for the long-range nature of the impurity potential, is shown to be in quantitative agreement with experimental results obtained in the GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron system at the low magnetic-field regime where spin splitting is negligibly small.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
Possible causes of a rise with energy of the cosmic ray positron fraction
Creators: name: Serpico, Pasquale Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on general considerations rather than model-dependent fits to specific scenarios, we argue that an increase with energy of the positron fraction in cosmic rays, suggested by several experiments at E>~7 GeV, most likely requires a primary source of electron-positron pairs. We discuss the possible alternatives, and find none of them plausible on astrophysical or particle physics grounds. Further observational ways to test different scenarios are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure; minor changes, a few references added, matches published version
Anomalous suppression of the Bose glass at commensurate fillings in the disordered Bose-Hubbard model
Creators: name: Krüger, Frank
name: Wu, Jiansheng
name: Phillips, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the weakly disordered Bose-Hubbard model on a cubic lattice through a one-loop renormalization group analysis of the corresponding effective field theory which is explicitly derived by combining a strong-coupling expansion with a replica average over the disorder. The method is applied not only to generic uncorrelated on-site disorder but also to simultaneous hopping disorder correlated with the differences of adjacent disorder potentials. Such correlations are inherent in fine-grained optical speckle potentials used as a source of disorder in optical lattice experiments. As a result of strong coupling, the strength of the replica mixing disorder vertex, responsible for the emergence of a Bose glass, crucially depends on the chemical potential and the Hubbard repulsion and vanishes to leading order in the disorder at commensurate boson fillings. As a consequence, at such fillings a direct transition between the Mott-insulator and the superfluid in the presence of disorder cannot be excluded on the basis of a one-loop calculation. At incommensurate fillings, at a certain length scale, the Mott insulator will eventually become unstable towards the formation of a Boss glass. Phase diagrams as a function of the microscopic parameters are presented and the finite-size crossover between the Mott-insulating state and the Bose glass is analyzed.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, extended version
Centralization is about Control, not Protocols (Position Paper)
Creators: name: Schulzrinne, Henning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.0; K.1; K.4.1

description: Many common ``consumer'' applications, i.e., applications widely used by non-technical users, are now provided by a very small number of companies, even if that set of companies differ across geographic regions, or rely on a very small number of implementations even if the applications are largely standards-based. While likely only a partial solution, we can draw on earlier regulatory experiences to facilitate competition or at least lessen the impact of the lack thereof.
description: Interdisciplinary Workshop on (de) Centralization in the Internet (IWCI'21), December 7, 2021