cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Expert consensus and recommendations on the live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine and immunization practices in India
Creators: name: Shah, Nitin
name: Faridi, M.M.A.
name: Bhave, Sheila
name: Ghosh, Apurba
name: Balasubramanian, S.
name: Arankalle, Vidya
name: Shah, Raju
name: Chitkara, Amar Jeet
name: Wadhwa, Arun
name: Chaudhry, Jaydeep
name: Srinivasan, Ramesh
name: Surendranath, M.
name: Sapru, Amita
name: Mitra, Monjori
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: While Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) vaccination in global immunization programs has shown a virtual elimination of the disease within few years of the vaccination program, changing epidemiological landscape in India underscores the need for evidence-based, updated guidance on immunization practices. In May 2024, a panel of 15 distinguished opinion leaders and an organizing committee convened for an intensive, face-to-face advisory board meeting on high burden of HAV infection among adults, increased mortality rate in adolescents, symptomatic presentation in children, and evolving landscape globally and within India. Extensive comparable deliberations on long-term follow-up data from India and data from country of origin advocated immunogenicity, tolerability, and long-term protective effects of single-dose live attenuated HAV vaccine in children. Finally, a consensus was achieved on recognition of increased global attention toward HAV prevention through vaccination coverage. The need for a single dose of live attenuated HAV vaccine was an important outcome of this meeting.
Predicting late-onset sepsis by routine neonatal screening for colonisation by gram-negative bacteria in neonates at intensive care units: a protocol for a systematic review
Creators: name: Harder, Thomas
name: Seidel, Juliane
name: Eckmanns, Tim
name: Weiss, Bettina
name: Haller, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Infektionsepidemiologie
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Introduction: Hospitals conduct extensive screening procedures to assess colonisation of the body surface of neonates by gram-negative bacteria to avoid complications like late-onset sepsis. However, the benefits of these procedures are controversially discussed. Until now, no systematic review has investigated the value of routine screening for colonisation by gram-negative bacteria in neonates for late-onset sepsis prediction. Methods and analysis: We will conduct a systematic review, considering studies of any design that include infants up to an age of 12 months. We will search MEDLINE and EMBASE (inception to 2016), reference lists and grey literature. Screening of titles, abstracts and full texts will be conducted by two independent reviewers. We will extract data on study characteristics and study results. Risk of bias will be assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) and Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tools. Subgroup analyses are planned according to characteristics of studies, participants, index tests and outcome. For quantitative data synthesis on prognostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of screening to detect late-onset sepsis will be calculated. If sufficient data are available, we will calculate summary estimates using hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics and bivariate models. Applying a risk factor approach, pooled summary estimates will be calculated as relative risk or OR, using fixed-effects and random-effects models. I-squared will be used to assess heterogeneity. All calculations will be performed in Stata V14.1 (College Station, Texas, USA). The results will be used to calculate positive and negative predictive value and number needed to be screened to prevent one case of sepsis. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) will be used to assess certainty in the evidence. The protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guideline. Ethics and dissemination: This study will not require ethical approval since it is not carried out in humans. The systematic review will be published in an open-access peer-reviewed journal.
FOLLOW THE MONEY: INSIDER TRADING AND PERFORMANCE OF HEDGE FUND ACTIVISM TARGETS
Creators: name: Gao, Chao
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Financial economics

description: Hedge fund activism announcements are associated with positive market reactions, and they introduce information asymmetry between insiders and outside investors. Target firm insiders have superior information about the campaign and play an important role in the campaign negotiation. This study examines insiders’ behavior as information asymmetry rises following the campaign announcement. Insiders increase trading in their own firms in response to the campaign announcement. These post-announcement insider trades have additional return predictability than insider trades in other times. Post-announcement insider buys predict higher probabilities of achieving successful campaign outcomes including management turnovers, increases in payout, and corporate restructurings, and higher value of these outcomes. I also find evidence that insiders use campaign resistance and trading interactively to achieve higher wealth gain.
sj-pdf-2-cnr-10.1177_10547738211030602 – Supplemental material for Acupuncture for Sleep Disturbances in Post-Deployment Military Service Members: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Abanes, Jane J.
name: Ridner, Sheila H.
name: Dietrich, Mary S.
name: Hiers, Cynthia
name: Rhoten, Bethany
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111099 Nursing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-cnr-10.1177_10547738211030602 for Acupuncture for Sleep Disturbances in Post-Deployment Military Service Members: A Randomized Controlled Trial by Jane J. Abanes, Sheila H. Ridner, Mary S. Dietrich, Cynthia Hiers and Bethany Rhoten in Clinical Nursing Research
Effects of Incessant Herdsmen- Arable Crop Farmers' Conflicts on Rural and Agricultural Development among Farmers in Taraba and Plateau States, Nigeria
Creators: name: Agyo Z., B
name: Balogun, B. I
name: Ornan,, H
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This study assessed effects of incessant herdsmen-arable crop farmers’ conflicts on rural and agricultural development among farmers in Plateau and Taraba States, Nigeria. The population of this study consisted of arable crop farmers in Taraba and Plateau States. Stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 252 respondents as sample size. Data for the study were collected from primary source with the use of structured questionnaire and were analyzed with the use of inferential statistics such as Kruskal-Wallis. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between Plateau and Taraba States in terms of effects of incessant herdsmen-arable crop farmer’ conflicts on rural and agricultural development, H. Cal. (-75) < X2 Tab (11.1) at 0.05 level of probability. It was concluded that there were effects of incessant herdsmen-arable crop farmers’ conflicts on rural and agricultural development which are displacement of people, loss of lives and properties, environmental pollution, threats to peace and security, decrease in food production and famine among others. The study, therefore, recommended that there should be good government policy on open grazing, there should be a control on immigration of foreign Fulanis into Nigeria, ranching should be encouraged, and Land Use Act policy should be fully implemented.
Typical patterns of modifiable health risk factors (MHRFs) in elderly women in Germany: results from the cross-sectional German Health Update (GEDA) study, 2009 and 2010
Creators: name: Jentsch, Franziska
name: Allen, Jennifer
name: Fuchs, Judith
name: Lippe, Elena Von Der
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsberichterstattung
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Risk factors
subject: Cluster analysis
subject: Health behavior
subject: German Health Update (GEDA)
subject: Lifestyle
subject: Risk clusters
subject: Elderly women
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Modifiable health risk factors (MHRFs) significantly affect morbidity and mortality rates and frequently occur in specific combinations or risk clusters. Using five MHRFs (smoking, high-risk alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, low intake of fruits and vegetables, and obesity) this study investigates the extent to which risk clusters are observed in a representative sample of women aged 65 and older in Germany. Additionally, the structural composition of the clusters is systematically compared with data and findings from other countries. Methods: A pooled data set of Germany’s representative cross-sectional surveys GEDA09 and GEDA10 was used. The cohort comprised 4,617 women aged 65 and older. Specific risk clusters based on five MHRFs are identified, using hierarchical cluster analysis. The MHRFs were defined as current smoking (daily or occasionally), risk alcohol consumption (according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, a sum score of 4 or more points), physical inactivity (less active than 5 days per week for at least 30 min and lack of sports-related activity in the last three months), low intake of fruits and vegetables (less than one serving of fruits and one of vegetables per day), and obesity (a body mass index equal to or greater than 30). A total of 4,292 cases with full information on these factors are included in the cluster analysis. Extended analyses were also performed to include the number of chronic diseases by age and socioeconomic status of group members. Results: A total of seven risk clusters were identified. In a comparison with data from international studies, the seven risk clusters were found to be stable with a high degree of structural equivalency. Conclusion: Evidence of the stability of risk clusters across various study populations provides a useful starting point for long-term targeted health interventions. The structural clusters provide information through which various MHRFs can be evaluated simultaneously.
Hepatitis A virus infections and outbreaks in asylum seekers arriving to Germany, September 2015 to March 2016
Creators: name: Michaelis, Kai
name: Wenzel, Jürgen J.
name: Stark, Klaus
name: Faber, Mirko
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Infektionsepidemiologie
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: epidemiology
subject: asylum seeker
subject: hepatitis A
subject: hepatitis A virus
subject: migration
subject: refugee
subject: 610 Medizin

description: From September 2015 to March 2016, hepatitis A notifications in Germany increased by 45% to 699 cases compared to 482 cases in the same period of the previous year. Children aged five to nine years were predominantly affected (22% of all cases in this period). We hypothesized that this increase could be explained by the marked influx of asylum seekers in this time period. We analysed national surveillance data and estimated the number of imported and autochthonous hepatitis A cases in asylum seekers. We also investigated molecular signatures of hepatitis A viruses sampled from asylum seekers to identify chains of transmission. We found that 40% (278 cases) of all 699 hepatitis A cases notified between September 2015 and March 2016 in Germany concerned asylum seekers. Most infections were acquired abroad, but at least 24% accounted for autochthonous infections. Among asylum seekers, children aged five to nine years were overrepresented with 97 of 278 (35%) notified cases. The analysed hepatitis A virus sequences were primarily subgenotype IB strains and clustered with previously isolated samples from the Middle East, Turkey, Pakistan and East Africa. Except one transmission from an asymptomatic child to a nursery nurse working in a mass accommodation, we are not aware of infection chains involving asylum seekers and German residents. We conclude that asylum-seeking children and adolescents are susceptible to hepatitis A virus infections, particularly children aged five to nine years. Measures to prevent secondary infections in asylum seekers such as extended hygiene measures and post-exposure prophylaxis seem advisable.
Additional file 17 of Cannulated screws versus dynamic hip screw versus hemiarthroplasty versus total hip arthroplasty in patients with displaced and non-displaced femoral neck fractures: a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis of 5703 patients
Creators: name: Ramadanov, Nikolai
name: Jóźwiak, Katarzyna
name: Hauptmann, Michael
name: Lazaru, Philip
name: Marinova-Kichikova, Polina
name: Dimitrov, Dobromir
name: Becker, Roland
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 17: Forest plot of ANFH (displaced femoral neck fractures only). CS, cannulated screw; DHS, dynamic hip screw; HA, hemiarthroplasty; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Changes in prevalence of psychotropic drug use and alcohol consumption among the elderly in Germany: results of two National Health Interview and Examination Surveys 1997-99 and 2008-11
Creators: name: Wolf, Ingrid-Katharina
name: Du, Yong
name: Knopf, Hildtraud
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsberichterstattung
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Germany
subject: Alcohol
subject: Changes
subject: Psychotropic drugs
subject: National health surveys
subject: Older adults
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Psychotropic drug use and alcohol consumption among older adults need to be monitored over time as their use or combined use bears risks of harms. Representative data on changes in prevalence, patterns and co-relates of substance use are lacking in Germany. Methods: Participants were older adults (60–79 years) from two German National Health Surveys: 1997–99 (GNHIES98, N = 1,606) and 2008-11 (DEGS1, N = 2,501). Included were drugs acting on the nervous system used during the last 7 days. Alcohol consumption was measured by frequency (daily drinking) and quantity (risky drinking: ≥20/10 g/day alcohol for men/women). Changes in prevalence adjusted for potential socio-economic and health-related confounders were calculated by logistic regression models approximated by the SAS LSMEANS statement. Results: The prevalence of overall psychotropic drug use (20.5% vs. 21.4%) remained constant between the two surveys. Significant changes were observed in the use of some psychotropics (all GNHIES98 vs. DEGS1): Synthetic antidepressants (3.9% vs. 6.9%), St. John’s wort (2.9% vs. 1.1%), benzodiazepines (3.7% vs. 2.5%), benzodiazepine related drugs (0.2% vs. 0.8%), narcotic analgesics (3.0% vs. 4.1%), anti-dementia drugs (2.2% vs. 4.2%) and anti-epileptics (1.0% vs. 2.3%). Significant changes were also observed in long-term use of synthetic anti-depressants (3.2% vs. 5.9%), St. John’s wort (2.0% vs. 0.6%) and opioid analgesics (1.0% vs. 2.2%). Further, we found significant changes in benzodiazepines use (3.3% vs. 1.4%) among men, opioids use (2.9% vs. 7.3%) among people with a lower social status, and overall psychotropics (26.8% vs. 32.5%) as well as opioids use (4.4% vs. 8.1%) among those with a worse health status. Moderate alcohol consumption increased significantly (58.0% vs. 66.9%). Risky drinking remained unchanged (16.6% vs. 17.0%). In spite of significant increases in daily alcohol drinking (13.2% vs. 18.4%) psychotropic drug use combined with daily drinking remained unchanged (1.8% vs. 2.7%). Conclusions: Although prevalence of overall psychotropic drug use remained stable, changes in the use of some psychotropic drug groups and alcohol consumption patterns have been observed. Further studies are required to investigate resulting health consequences and public health relevance of those outcomes.
Heating and Regenerative Cooling Model for a Rotating Detonation Engine Designed for Upper Stage Performance
Creators: name: Gurshin, Timothy P
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Aerospace engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Rotating detonation engines (RDE) have the potential to significantly advance the efficiency of chemical propulsion. They are approximately one order of magnitude shorter than constant pressure engines, a savings benefit that is especially important for upper stage engines. There are many challenges to advancing their technological readiness level, but one area this thesis attempts to help mitigate is the understanding of heat loads and the viability of regenerative jacket cooling.
 A one-dimensional, steady-state heat transfer and regenerative cooling model for the upper stage RL10A-3-3A (RL10) engine is developed in MATLAB. This model considers forced convection in the boundary layer between the combustion product gases and the hot-gas-side wall, conduction through the wall, and forced convection in the boundary layer between the hydrogen coolant and coolant-side wall. Variable gas and coolant transport properties are utilized to increase physical accuracy. The model also quantifies pressure drop through the cooling channels due to wall friction. This allows for overall heat flux, and consequently hot-gas-side and coolant-side wall temperatures to be predicted along the length of the engine. Properties of the coolant can also be predicted including the jacket outlet temperature and pressure. These cooling circuit final parameters, temperature rise and pressure drop, were matched to a more detailed, three-dimensional, transient RL10 system model developed by NASA, thereby anchoring this model. An RDE is designed to notionally meet the thrust level of RL10. Model design decisions are documented and explained, and a detailed comparison of the two engine geometries is made. The regenerative cooling model is adapted for the RDE considering such unique aspects as detonative heat flux and the centerbody/plug nozzle. Steady state heating and cooling analysis is performed on the RDE and the results are compared to RL10. Investigation into the effects of the RDE’s differing cooling jacket output conditions on the turbine are calculated and discussed. Appendix analyses consider more realistic detonative heat flux approximations according to recent RDE calorimetry studies and the effect of altering detonation chamber heat flux. Even with the conservative assumption of throat-level heat flux everywhere in the RDE’s annular combustion chamber, regenerative jacket cooling shows promise as a means of thermal survival. Wall temperatures are reasonable, coolant temperature rise is lower, and coolant pressure drop is lower. The reduced temperature rise presents the new challenge of correctly powering the turbine since the incoming coolant is less energized. Further studies should also look at channel optimization specific to the RDE to maximize cooling performance and ease of system integration.
Additional file 1 of Haplotype based testing for a better understanding of the selective architecture
Creators: name: Chen, Haoyu
name: Pelizzola, Marta
name: Futschik, Andreas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Material.
Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of pentavalent meningococcal MenABCWY vaccine in healthy infants: A phase 2b randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Martinon-Torres, Federico
name: Lamberth, Erik
name: Martinez, Silvina Natalini
name: de la Cueva, Ignacio Salamanca
name: Zolotas, Lefteris
name: Oladipupo, Islamiat
name: Maguire, Jason D.
name: Trammel, James
name: O’Neill, Robert
name: Liberator, Paul A.
name: Peyrani, Paula
name: Jodar, Luis
name: Gruber, William C.
name: Anderson, Annaliesa S.
name: Beeslaar, Johannes
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Invasive meningococcal disease is an uncommon but serious disease predominantly affecting children. This phase 2b study evaluated MenABCWY in 6-month-old infants followed by MenB-fHbp and MenABCWY in 2-month-old infants, the latter being the target age and intervention. Participants were randomized to MenABCWY, 60 µg or 120 µg MenB-fHbp+MenACWY-TT, or 4CMenB+MenACWY-TT, administered as 2 primary and 1 booster dose. The primary safety objective was to describe the safety profile of MenABCWY in participants enrolled at 2 months. Primary immunogenicity objectives were the percentage of participants achieving seroprotective serum bactericidal antibody using human complement titers. Overall, 314 and 12 participants were randomized to sentinel cohort and open-label expanded-enrollment stages, respectively. Based on 2 reports of fever requiring invasive investigations and accompanied by cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and 1 report arising from a previous study, the Sponsor terminated the study. Local reactions and systemic events after primary vaccination were generally mild to moderate, and tended to be higher with MenABCWY versus 4CMenB+MenACWY-TT. Immunogenicity data suggest that 1 month after vaccination 2, MenABCWY responses for MenA/C/W/Y were robust and comparable with 4CMenB+MenACWY-TT in 2-month-old participants. Immune responses for MenB test strains were higher with MenABCWY versus 4CMenB+MenACWY-TT and generally similar with 60 µg and 120 µg MenB-fHbp+MenACWY-TT or MenABCWY. Based on the limited results, the consistency of MenB immune responses with 60 µg and 120 µg MenB-fHbp suggests doses < 60 µg could be investigated to assess whether a more acceptable safety profile in conjunction with beneficial immune responses is possible in 2-month-old infants.
Development of Novel Turbidity Calibration Standards and Methodologies Using Appropriate Technology
Creators: name: Racey, Jonathan D
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Chemical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: The measurement of turbidity is currently conducted using a variety of methodologies for different applications, primarily using calibration standards composed of formazin, a material which can be difficult to obtain, short-lived, and toxic. The discrepancies between the various measurement methods lead to unreliability in sharing meaningful data across applications, and the deficiencies of the primary calibration standard make it difficult to conduct measurements in appropriate-technology environments. This research focused on examining the current methodologies and synthesizing new materials to use as calibration standards. The selection criteria for these materials were such as to ensure longevity, stability in solution, and ease of creation. Results showed that dilutions of dissolved sodium chloride yielded parabolic regression curves of comparable accuracy to formazin, which could be used for device calibration. These standards can be easily and safely synthesized in appropriate-technology settings. The use of fluorescent materials as calibration standards was also investigated, and the implications of the characteristic curves of turbidity versus solute concentration are discussed.
GrippeWeb als wichtiges Instrument in der Vorbereitung und Bewältigung einer zukünftigen Pandemie
Creators: name: Buchholz, Udo
name: Gau, Pauline
name: Buda, Silke
name: Prahm, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsberichterstattung
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: GrippeWeb ist ein vom RKI entwickeltes, bevölkerungsbasiertes Überwachungsinstrument für akute Atemwegserkrankungen. Es ging 2011 online und die Teilnehmerzahl wuchs seitdem kontinuierlich. Es ist ein robustes System, welches Daten generiert, die auf die in Deutschland lebende Bevölkerung übertragbar sind. Der Anteil der gegen Influenza geimpften Teilnehmer wird wöchentlich abgefragt bzw. kann wöchentlich berechnet werden. Es werden nicht nur Grippewellen abgebildet, sondern das System vermag auch zu zeigen, wie häufig akute Atemwegserkrankungen bei Personen verschiedenen Alters im Laufe eines Jahres auftreten. Nach sechs Jahren hat sich gezeigt, dass das saisonale Geschehen relativ stabil verläuft. Auffallend sind die unterschiedlichen Verläufe nach Alter und (zum Teil) Vorerkrankung. Im Vergleich mit ähnlichen Systemen anderer europäischer Länder schneidet GrippeWeb gut ab, u. a. durch den ganzjährigen Betrieb und eine konsequentere Korrektur möglicher Verzerrungen in den Daten. Die Gesundheitsministerkonferenz hat in ihrer 89. Sitzung 2016 vorgeschlagen, GrippeWeb als festen Bestandteil der Überwachungsaktivitäten für den Fall einer zukünftigen Influenzapandemie zu verstetigen und auszubauen.
Dynamics of Pathological and Virological Findings During Experimental Calpox Virus Infection of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Creators: name: Schmitt, Anne
name: Gan, Li Lin
name: Wahed, Ahmed Abd El
name: Shi, Tingchuan
name: Ellerbrok, Heinz
name: Kaup, Franz-Josef
name: Stahl-Hennig, Christiane
name: Mätz-Rensing, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Biologische Sicherheit
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: orthopoxvirus
subject: nonhuman primate
subject: calpox virus
subject: common marmoset
subject: immunohistochemistry
subject: pathogenesis
subject: transmission electron microscopy
subject: virus infection
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Experimental intranasal infection of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with calpox virus results in fatal disease. Route and dose used for viral inoculation of the test animals mimics the natural transmission of smallpox, thus representing a suitable model to study pathogenesis and to evaluate new vaccines against orthopoxvirus infection. However, the pathogenic mechanisms leading to death are still unclear. Therefore, our study aimed at investigating the kinetics of pathological alterations to clarify the pathogenesis in calpox virus infection. Following intranasal inoculation with two different viral doses, common marmosets were sacrificed on days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 12 post inoculation. Collected tissue was screened using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and virological assays. Our data suggest that primary replication took place in nasal and bronchial epithelia followed by secondary replication in submandibular lymph nodes and spleen. Parallel to viremia at day 7, virus was detectable in many organs, mainly located in epithelial cells and macrophages, as well as in endothelial cells. Based on the onset of clinical signs, the histological and ultrastructural lesions and the immunohistochemical distribution pattern of the virus, the incubation period was defined to last 11 days, which resembles human smallpox. In conclusion, the data indicate that the calpox model is highly suitable for studying orthopoxvirus-induced disease.
Disulfide loop cleavage of Legionella pneumophila PlaA boosts lysophospholipase A activity
Creators: name: Lang, Christina
name: Hiller, Miriam
name: Flieger, Antje
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Infektionskrankheiten / Erreger
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: L. pneumophila, an important facultative intracellular bacterium, infects the human lung and environmental protozoa. At least fifteen phospholipases A (PLA) are encoded in its genome. Three of which, namely PlaA, PlaC, and PlaD, belong to the GDSL lipase family abundant in bacteria and higher plants. PlaA is a lysophospholipase A (LPLA) that destabilizes the phagosomal membrane in absence of a protective factor. PlaC shows PLA and glycerophospholipid: cholesterol acyltransferase (GCAT) activities which are activated by zinc metalloproteinase ProA via cleavage of a disulphide loop. In this work, we compared GDSL enzyme activities, their secretion, and activation of PlaA. We found that PlaA majorly contributed to LPLA, PlaC to PLA, and both substrate-dependently to GCAT activity. Western blotting revealed that PlaA and PlaC are type II-secreted and both processed by ProA. Interestingly, ProA steeply increased LPLA but diminished GCAT activity of PlaA. Deletion of 20 amino acids within a predicted disulfide loop of PlaA had the same effect. In summary, we propose a model by which ProA processes PlaA via disulfide loop cleavage leading to a steep increase in LPLA activity. Our results help to further characterize the L. pneumophila GDSL hydrolases, particularly PlaA, an enzyme acting in the Legionella-containing phagosome.
"Trans Studies at the Crossroad: From Racialized Invisibility to Gendered Legibility," The Oxford Handbook of Shakespeare and Race, ed. Patricia Akhimie (Oxford University Press, 2024), pp. 195-211.
Creators: name: Joubin, Alexa Alice
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sex role
subject: Feminism
subject: Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616
subject: Film adaptations
subject: Critical race theory

description: Premodern critical race studies, long intertwined with Shakespeare studies, have broadened our understanding of the definitions and discourse of race and racism to include not only phenotype, but also religious and political identity, regional, national, and linguistic difference, and systems of differentiation based upon culture and custom. This chapter argues that race and gender are social practices that evolve over time, in each other's presence, and in different social spaces. To correct the early modern studies' tendency to privilege narrative texts, this chapter uses global and performance studies methods—as critical tools that are designed to capture transformative cultural practices—to highlight embodied significations of transness. The chapter concludes with a reflection on pedagogical implications of multidisciplinarity. Providing critical tools to understand atypical bodies, trans studies solidifies critical race studies' support of minority life experiences. Critical race methods, with their attention to the social production of hierarchies, can also help trans studies address its often-unacknowledged whiteness.
Analysing published global Ebola Virus Disease research using social network analysis
Creators: name: Hagel, Christiane
name: Weidemann, Felix
name: Gauch, Stephan
name: Edwards, Suzanne
name: Tinnemann, Peter
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Infektionsepidemiologie
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Introduction: The 2014/2015 West African Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak attracted global attention. Numerous opinions claimed that the global response was impaired, in part because, the EVD research was neglected, although quantitative or qualitative studies did not exist. Our objective was to analyse how the EVD research landscape evolved by exploring the existing research network and its communities before and during the outbreak in West Africa. Methods/ Principal findings: Social network analysis (SNA) was used to analyse collaborations between institutions named by co-authors as affiliations in publications on EVD. Bibliometric data of publications on EVD between 1976 and 2015 was collected from Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science Core Collection (WoS). Freely available software was used for network analysis at a global-level and for 10-year periods. The networks are presented as undirected-weighted graphs. Rankings by degree and betweenness were calculated to identify central and powerful network positions; modularity function was used to identify research communities. Overall 4,587 publications were identified, of which 2,528 were original research articles. Those yielded 1,644 authors’ affiliated institutions and 9,907 connections for co-authorship network construction. The majority of institutions were from the USA, Canada and Europe. Collaborations with research partners on the African continent did exist, but less frequently. Around six highly connected organisations in the network were identified with powerful and broker positions. Network characteristics varied widely among the 10-year periods and evolved from 30 to 1,489 institutions and 60 to 9,176 connections respectively. Most influential actors are from public or governmental institutions whereas private sector actors, in particular the pharmaceutical industry, are largely absent. Conclusion/ Significance: Research output on EVD has increased over time and surged during the 2014/2015 outbreak. The overall EVD research network is organised around a few key actors, signalling a concentration of expertise but leaving room for increased cooperation with other institutions especially from affected countries. Finding innovative ways to maintain support for these pivotal actors while steering the global EVD research network towards an agenda driven by agreed, prioritized needs and finding ways to better integrate currently peripheral and newer expertise may accelerate the translation of research into the development of necessary live saving products for EVD ahead of the next outbreak.
Hervey virus: Study on co-circulation with Henipaviruses in Pteropid bats within their distribution range from Australia to Africa
Creators: name: Kohl, Claudia
name: Tachedjian, Mary
name: Todd, Shawn
name: Monaghan, Paul
name: Boyd, Victoria
name: Marsh, Glenn A.
name: Crameri, Gary
name: Field, Hume
name: Kurth, Andreas
name: Smith, Ina
name: Wang, Lin-Fa
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut, Biologische Sicherheit
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: In 2011, an unusually large number of independent Hendra virus outbreaks were recorded on horse properties in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Urine from bat colonies adjacent to the outbreak sites were sampled and screened for Hendra and other viruses. Several novel paramyxoviruses were also isolated at different locations. Here one of the novel viruses, named Hervey virus (HerPV), is fully characterized by genome sequencing, annotation, phylogeny and in vitro host range, and its serological cross-reactivity and neutralization patterns are examined. HerPV may have ecological and spatial and temporal patterns similar to Hendra virus and could serve as a sentinel virus for the surveillance of this highly pathogenic virus. The suitability of HerPV as potential sentinel virus is further assessed by determining the serological prevalence of HerPV antibodies in fruit-eating bats from Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Tanzania and the Gulf of Guinea, indicating the presence of similar viruses in regions beyond the Australian border.
sj-pdf-1-ivi-10.1177_14738716211027587 – Supplemental material for Not just a pretty picture: Scientific fact visualisation styles, preferences, confidence and recall
Creators: name: Walsh, Erin I
name: Sargent, Ginny M
name: Grant, Will J
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ivi-10.1177_14738716211027587 for Not just a pretty picture: Scientific fact visualisation styles, preferences, confidence and recall by Erin I Walsh, Ginny M Sargent and Will J Grant in Information Visualization
Additional file 2 of The role of partners, parents and friends in shaping young women’s reproductive choices in Peri-urban Nairobi: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Zinke-Allmang, Anja
name: Bhatia, Amiya
name: Gorur, Krittika
name: Hassan, Rahma
name: Shipow, Amy
name: Ogolla, Concilia
name: Keizer, Kees
name: Cislaghi, Beniamino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Vignette Interview Tool.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii among horses entering a veterinary teaching hospital: The contemporary "Trojan Horse"
Creators: name: Walther, Birgit
name: Klein, Katja-Sophia
name: Barton, Ann-Kristin
name: Semmler, Torsten
name: Huber, Charlotte
name: Wolf, Silver Anthony
name: Tedin, Karsten
name: Merle, Roswitha
name: Mitrach, Franziska
name: Guenther, Sebastian
name: Lübke-Becker, Antina
name: Gehlen, Heidrun
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Pathogens frequently associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from horses admitted to horse clinics, pose a risk for animal patients and personnel in horse clinics. To estimate current rates of colonization, a total of 341 equine patients were screened for carriage of zoonotic indicator pathogens at hospital admission. Horses showing clinical signs associated with colic (n = 233) or open wounds (n = 108) were selected for microbiological examination of nostril swabs, faecal samples and wound swabs taken from the open wound group. The results showed alarming carriage rates of Gram-negative MDR pathogens in equine patients: 10.7% (34 of 318) of validated faecal specimens were positive for ESBL-E (94%: ESBL-producing Escherichia coli), with recorded rates of 10.5% for the colic and 11% for the open wound group. 92.7% of the ESBL-producing E. coli were phenotypically resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials. A. baumannii was rarely detected (0.9%), and all faecal samples investigated were negative for Salmonella, both directly and after two enrichment steps. Screening results for the equine nostril swabs showed detection rates for ESBL-E of 3.4% among colic patients and 0.9% in the open wound group, with an average rate of 2.6% (9/340) for both indications. For all 41 ESBL-producing E. coli isolated, a broad heterogeneity was revealed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns and whole genome sequencing (WGS) -analysis. However, a predominance of sequence type complex (STC)10 and STC1250 was observed, including several novel STs. The most common genes associated with ESBL-production were identified as blaCTX-M-1 (31/41; 75.6%) and blaSHV-12 (24.4%). The results of this study reveal a disturbingly large fraction of multi-drug resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli among equine patients, posing a clear threat to established hygiene management systems and work-place safety of veterinary staff in horse clinics.
Additional file 1 of Evolutionary history of an Irano-Turanian cushion-forming legume (Onobrychis cornuta)
Creators: name: Tayebi, Zahra
name: Moghaddam, Mahtab
name: Mahmoodi, Mohammad
name: Kazempour-Osaloo, Shahrokh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
High-Throughput Quantification of Bacterial-Cell Interactions Using Virtual Colony Counts
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Stefanie
name: Walter, Steffi
name: Blume, Anne-Kathrin
name: Fuchs, Stephan
name: Schmidt, Christiane
name: Scholz, Annemarie
name: Gerlach, Roman G.
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: The quantification of bacteria in cell culture infection models is of paramount importance for the characterization of host-pathogen interactions and pathogenicity factors involved. The standard to enumerate bacteria in these assays is plating of a dilution series on solid agar and counting of the resulting colony forming units (CFU). In contrast, the virtual colony count (VCC) method is a high-throughput compatible alternative with minimized manual input. Based on the recording of quantitative growth kinetics, VCC relates the time to reach a given absorbance threshold to the initial cell count using a series of calibration curves. Here, we adapted the VCC method using the model organism Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in combination with established cell culture-based infection models. For HeLa infections, a direct side-by-side comparison showed a good correlation of VCC with CFU counting after plating. For MDCK cells and RAW macrophages we found that VCC reproduced the expected phenotypes of different S. Typhimurium mutants. Furthermore, we demonstrated the use of VCC to test the inhibition of Salmonella invasion by the probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917. Taken together, VCC provides a flexible, label-free, automation-compatible methodology to quantify bacteria in in vitro infection assays.
Additional file 2 of Evolutionary history of an Irano-Turanian cushion-forming legume (Onobrychis cornuta)
Creators: name: Tayebi, Zahra
name: Moghaddam, Mahtab
name: Mahmoodi, Mohammad
name: Kazempour-Osaloo, Shahrokh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 2
BI-VARIATE GROWTH MODEL OF PICHIA PASTORIS INCLUDING OXYGEN CONSIDERATIONS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN RECOMBINANT PROTEIN PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Binkley, Robert Michael
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2019
Subjects: Chemical engineering not elsewhere classified
Agricultural biotechnology not elsewhere classified

description: The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris (recently reclassified as spp. Komagatella) has long been regarded as a useful host organism for the production of recombinant proteins, particularly when using the AOX system which utilizes methanol as both the inducing agent as well as the primary carbon source for growth and energy. Significant historical work has shown that growth rate and protein productivity can be correlated to methanol concentration. However, the relationship between oxygen and protein productivity are less consistent. While with many variations models having been developed and used for analyzing culture kinetics, these models have only been applied to methanol concentration. Furthermore, while results for methanol are fairly consistent, oxygen considerations have been far less consistent. This work presents various bi-variate models which includes considerations for growth and inhibition for both methanol and oxygen with this expanded model showing strong alignment to previous works to both oxygen and methanol data. While more work is necessary to fully confirm and validate which form of the bivariate model is most appropriate, this work provides a framework necessary to expand analysis to include oxygen considerations. This framework has the potential to be used to further inform selection of feeding methodology as well as direct investigations into metabolic studies.
Scientific Literacy Matters: Using Literature to Meet Next Generation Science Standards and 21st Century Skills
Creators: name: Cynthia Tomovic, Sueanne McKinney
Publisher: name: The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST), Ministry of Education
Year: 2017
Subjects: Scientific Literacy, Science standards, Science teaching, 21st Century Skills, Literary Assessment Tool

description: K-12 STEM Education, 3, 2 (April-June)
Design of a Robotic Cannula for Robotic Lumbar Discectomy
Creators: name: Ding, Yang
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2020
Subjects: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: In this thesis, the design of the robotic cannula for minimally invasive robotic lumbar discectomy is presented. Lumbar discectomy is the surgery to remove the herniated disc material that is pressing on a nerve root or spinal cord.
Recently, a robotic approach to performing this procedure has been proposed that utilizes multiple teleoperated articulated instruments inserted into the surgical workspace using a single cannula. In this paper, a new robotic cannula system to work in conjunction with this new procedure is presented. It allows for the independent teleoperated control of the axial position and rotation of up to three surgical instruments at the same time. The mechanical design, modeling, controller design, and the performance of the prototype of the new system are presented in this paper demonstrating a fully functioning device for this application. A novel worm gear and rack system allow for the instrument translation while and embedded gear trains produce the rotational movement. Steady-state errors of less than 10 microns for translation and less than 0.5 degree for rotation motion are achieved in position tracking; steady-state errors of less than 100 micron per second of translation and less than 0.5 degree per second for rotation motion are obtained in speed tracking.
Association between drinking patterns and diabetic kidney disease in United States adults: a cross-sectional study based on data from NHANES 1999–2016
Creators: name: Yang, Xusheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between drinking patterns and prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) among adults in the United States. Data were analyzed from the NHANES surveys conducted between 1999 and 2016, including 26,473 participants. Drinking patterns were categorized by frequency (weekly, monthly, or yearly) and quantity (light, moderate, or heavy, based on daily consumption). Among participants with diabetes, DKD was defined using the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR ≥30 mg/g) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations, adjusting for potential confounders across the four models. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the effects of modification by age, sex, race, BMI. Drinking patterns and DKD were analyzed among 26,473 US adults (mean age, 46.6 years; 53.7% male). After adjusting for multiple confounders, heavy alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of DKD than light drinking (OR = 1.23, 95% CI, 1.04–1.46; p = 0.016). Conversely, moderate drinking frequency (3–4 days per week, 2–5 days per month, 3–126 days per year) was associated with a reduced DKD risk (OR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.49–0.91; OR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.56–0.99, OR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.58–0.86, respectively). A nonlinear association was observed between alcohol consumption frequency and DKD in terms of weekly and yearly drinking days. This study highlights the importance of drinking behavior in the management of diabetic kidney disease. Daily alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of DKD, whereas moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk. These findings suggest that moderate drinking frequency may not exacerbate renal burden in individuals with diabetes and provide new perspectives for clinical interventions.