cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide patterns of genetic polymorphism and signatures of selection in plasmodium vivax
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Plasmodium
natural selection
genome variation
Plasmodium vivax
genome architecture

description: © 2014 The Author(s). Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent human malaria parasite outside of Africa. Yet, studies aimed to identify genes with signatures consistent with natural selection are rare. Here, we present a comparative analysis of the pattern of genetic variation of five sequenced isolates of P. vivax and its divergence with two closely related species, Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium knowlesi, using a set of orthologous genes. In contrast to Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes the most lethal form of human malaria, we did not find significant constraints on the evolution of synonymous sites genome wide in P. vivax. The comparative analysis of polymorphism and divergence across loci allowed us to identify 87 genes with patterns consistent with positive selection, including genes involved in the "exportome" of P. vivax, which are potentially involved in evasion of the host immune system. Nevertheless, we have found a pattern of polymorphism genome wide that is consistent with a significant amount of constraint on the replacement changes and prevalent negative selection. Our analyses also show that silent polymorphism tends to be larger toward the ends of the chromosomes, where many genes involved in antigenicity are located, suggesting that natural selection acts not only by shaping the patterns of variation within the genes but it also affects genome organization.
Static potentials for quarkonia at finite temperatures
Creators: name: Philipsen, Owe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review non-perturbative static potentials commonly used in potential models for quarkonia at finite T. Potentials derived from Polyakov loop correlators are shown to be inappropriate for this purpose. The q\bar{q} free energy is physical but has the wrong spatial decay and perturbative limit. The so-called singlet free energy is gauge dependent and unphysical. An appropriate static real time potential can be defined through a generalisation of pNRQCD to finite T. In perturbation theory, its real part reproduces the Debye-screened potential, its imaginary part accounts for Landau damping. Possibilities for its non-perturbative evaluation are discussed.
description: 8 p. 3 figures; Invited talk at 'Strong and Electroweak Matter 2008', 26-29 August, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Overgroups of subsystem subgroups in exceptional groups: 2A1-proof
Creators: name: Gvozdevsky, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G35 (Primary) 20G41 (Secondary)

description: In the present paper we prove a weak form of sandwich classification for the overgroups of the subsystem subgroup $E(Δ,R)$ of the Chevalley group $G(Φ,R)$ where $Φ$ is a simply laced root sysetem and $Δ$ is its sufficiently large subsystem. Namely we show that for any such an overgroup $H$ there exists a unique net of ideals $σ$ of the ring $R$ such that $E(Φ,Δ,R,σ)\le H\le {\mathop{\mathrm{Stab}}\nolimits}_{G(Φ,R)}(L(σ))$ where $E(Φ,Δ,R,σ)$ is an elementary subgroup associated with the net and $L(σ)$ is a corresponding subalgebra of the Chevalley Lie algebra.
description: 25 pages, to appear in St.Petersburg Math Journal
Gamma rays from reaccelerated cosmic rays in high velocity clouds colliding with the Galactic disk
Creators: name: del Valle, Maria Victoria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High velocity clouds moving toward the disk will reach the Galactic plane and will inevitably collide with the disk. In these collisions a system of two shocks is produced, one propagating through the disk and the other develops within the cloud. The shocks produced within the clouds in these interactions have velocities of hundreds of kilometers per second. When these shocks are radiative they may be inefficient in accelerating fresh particles, however they can reaccelerate and compress Galactic cosmic rays from the background. In this work we investigate the interactions of Galactic cosmic rays within a shocked high velocity cloud, when the shock is induced by the collision with the disk. This study is focused in the case of radiative shocks. We aim to establish under which conditions these interactions lead to significant nonthermal emission, especially gamma rays. We model the interaction of cosmic ray protons and electrons reaccelerated and further energized by compression in shocks within the clouds, under very general assumptions. We also consider secondary electron-positron pairs produced by the cosmic ray protons when colliding with the material of the cloud. We conclude that nearby clouds reaccelerating Galactic cosmic rays in local shocks can produce high-energy radiation that might be detectable with existing and future gamma-ray detectors. The emission produced by electrons and secondary pairs is important at radio wavelengths, and in some cases it may be relevant at hard X-rays. Concerning higher energies, the leptonic contribution to the spectral energy distribution is significant at soft gamma rays.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
FAS/FASL are dysregulated in chordoma and their loss-of-function impairs zebrafish notochord formation
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: chordoma
FAS
FASL
notochord
zebrafish

description: Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor that recapitulates the notochord phenotype and is thought to derive from notochord remnants not correctly regressed during development. Apoptosis is necessary for the proper notochord development in vertebrates, and the apoptotic pathway mediated by Fas and Fasl has been demonstrated to be involved in notochord cells regression. This study was conducted to investigate the expression of FAS/FASL pathway in a cohort of skull base chordomas and to analyze the role of fas/fasl homologs in zebrafish notochord formation. FAS/FASL expression was found to be dysregulated in chordoma leading to inactivation of the downstream Caspases in the samples analyzed. Both fas and fasl were specifically expressed in zebrafish notochord sorted cells. fas and fasl loss-of-function mainly resulted in larvae with notochord multi-cell-layer jumps organization, larger vacuolated notochord cells, defects in the peri-notochordal sheath structure and in vertebral mineralization. Interestingly, we observed the persistent expression of ntla and col2a1a, the zebrafish homologs of the human T gene and COL2A1 respectively, which are specifically up-regulated in chordoma. These results demonstrate for the first time the dysregulation of FAS/FASL in chordoma and their role in notochord formation in the zebrafish model, suggesting their possible implication in chordoma onset.
All-angle zero reflection at metamaterial surfaces
Creators: name: Li, Xin
name: Liang, Zixian
name: Liu, Xiaohan
name: Jiang, Xunya
name: Zi, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The authors study theoretically reflection on the surface of a metamaterial with a hyperbolic dispersion. It is found that reflection is strongly dependent on how the surface is terminated with respect to the asymptote of the hyperbolic dispersion. For a surface terminated normally to the asymptote, zero reflection occurs for all incident angles. It is exemplified by a metamaterial made of a periodic metal-dielectric layered structure with its surface properly cut through numerical simulations.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures. Appl. Phys. Lett. (in press)
Expression of stemness genes in primary breast cancer tissues: The role of SOX2 as a prognostic marker for detection of early recurrence
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Breast Cancer
Gene expression
Recurrence
SOX2
Stemness genes

description: The events leading to breast cancer (BC) progression or recurrence are not completely understood and new prognostic markers aiming at identifying high riskpatients and to develop suitable therapy are highly demanded. Experimental evidences found in cancer cells a deregulated expression of some genes involved in governance of stem cell properties and demonstrated a relationship between stemness genes overexpression and poorly differentiated BC subtypes. In the present study 140 primary invasive BC specimens were collected. The expression profiles of 13 genes belonging to the OCT3/SOX2/NANOG/KLF4 core circuitry by RT-PCR were analyzed and any correlation between their expression and the BC clinic-pathological features (CPfs) and prognosis was investigated. In our cohort (117 samples), NANOG, GDF3 and SOX2 significantly correlated with grade 2, Nodes negative status and higher KI67 proliferation index, respectively (p=0.019, p=0.029, p= 0.035). According to multivariate analysis, SOX2 expression resulted independently associated with increased risk of recurrence (HR= 2,99; p= p=0,004) as well as Nodes status (HR=2,44; p=0,009) and T-size >1 (HR=1,77; p=0,035). Our study provides further proof of the suitable use of stemness genes in BC management. Interestingly, a prognostic role of SOX2, which seems to be a suitable marker of early recurrence irrespective of other clinicopathological features.
Hydra: Resilient and Highly Available Remote Memory
Creators: name: Lee, Youngmoon
name: Maruf, Hasan Al
name: Chowdhury, Mosharaf
name: Cidon, Asaf
name: Shin, Kang G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present Hydra, a low-latency, low-overhead, and highly available resilience mechanism for remote memory. Hydra can access erasure-coded remote memory within a single-digit microsecond read/write latency, significantly improving the performance-efficiency trade-off over the state-of-the-art -- it performs similar to in-memory replication with 1.6X lower memory overhead. We also propose CodingSets, a novel coding group placement algorithm for erasure-coded data, that provides load balancing while reducing the probability of data loss under correlated failures by an order of magnitude. With Hydra, even when only 50% of memory is local, unmodified memory-intensive applications achieve performance close to that of the fully in-memory case in the presence of remote failures and outperform the state-of-the-art solutions by up to 4.35X.
Relationships between running economy and mechanics in middle-distance runners
Creators: name: Di Michele, Rocco <1981>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2008
Subjects: M-EDF/02 Metodi e didattiche delle attività sportive

description: Running economy (RE), i.e. the oxygen consumption at a given submaximal speed, is an
important determinant of endurance running performance. So far, investigators have widely
attempted to individuate the factors affecting RE in competitive athletes, focusing mainly on the
relationships between RE and running biomechanics. However, the current results are inconsistent
and a clear mechanical profile of an economic runner has not been yet established.
The present work aimed to better understand how the running technique influences RE in
sub-elite middle-distance runners by investigating the biomechanical parameters acting on RE and
the underlying mechanisms. Special emphasis was given to accounting for intra-individual
variability in RE at different speeds and to assessing track running rather than treadmill running.
In Study One, a factor analysis was used to reduce the 30 considered mechanical parameters
to few global descriptors of the running mechanics. Then, a biomechanical comparison between
economic and non economic runners and a multiple regression analysis (with RE as criterion
variable and mechanical indices as independent variables) were performed. It was found that a
better RE was associated to higher knee and ankle flexion in the support phase, and that the
combination of seven individuated mechanical measures explains ∼72% of the variability in RE.
In Study Two, a mathematical model predicting RE a priori from the rate of force
production, originally developed and used in the field of comparative biology, was adapted and
tested in competitive athletes. The model showed a very good fit (R2=0.86).
In conclusion, the results of this dissertation suggest that the very complex interrelationships
among the mechanical parameters affecting RE may be successfully dealt with through multivariate
statistical analyses and the application of theoretical mathematical models. Thanks to these results,
coaches are provided with useful tools to assess the biomechanical profile of their athletes. Thus,
individual weaknesses in the running technique may be identified and removed, with the ultimate
goal to improve RE.
Additional file 4 of Classification and prediction of Mycobacterium Avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (MAP) shedding severity in cattle based on young stock heifer faecal microbiota composition using random forest algorithms
Creators: name: Umanets, Alexander
name: Dinkla, Annemieke
name: Vastenhouw, Stephanie
name: Ravesloot, Lars
name: Koets, Ad P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Shedding intensity score calculation.
The determination of effective thicknesses from transmission measurements with gamma rays
Creators: name: Goulet, Pierre
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The usual starting-point for clinical dosimetry is the dose distribution due to a radiation beam in a homogeneous medium like water. The modification of the standard distribution for the case of an inho-mogeneous medium (patient) requires detailed information about internal structures. For heavy charged particle beams and for photon beams of high enough energy, the single parameter which most nearly determines the penetration of the radiation is the electron density (electrons/ cm³). The integrated electron density along a path (electrons/cm²) is uniquely related to the narrow-beam γ-ray transmission along that path. Hence, a measurement of γ-ray transmission should provide useful information. This work describes a new technique for performing these measurements. We have used a ⁶⁰Co therapy source with a rectangular field long enough in one direction to span the width of a human cross section and narrow in the other direction to minimize the effects of scattered radiation. Rather than collimate our detectors, we have devised a simple mathematical procedure to calculate the scatter contribution at each point of interest along the width of the radiation field. Narrow-beam transmission values can then be evaluated from the original measurements by simple substraction of this scatter contribution. An ionization chamber, because of its energy independence and accuracy, was used to acquire the basic transmission data. X-ray film and silicon diodes, because of their superior resolution and response speed, were selected for the measurements performed with an inhomogeneous phantom. The energy dependence of the latter dosimeters has not been a drawback when used in the experimental conditions described here. The method thus permits that rapid transmission measurements be performed along various paths of a transverse cross section. When tested with an inhomogeneous phantom, the accuracy obtained compares favourably with published values using collimated detectors. Information obtained by this method is directly applicable to the dosimetry of treatments performed with photon beams of energy greater than 0.6 MeV and heavy charged particle beams like protons and π⁻ mesons.
Materiali a memoria di forma: caratterizzazione e applicazioni
nel campo dei beni culturali
Creators: name: Virgilli, Valentina <1979>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2008
Subjects: ING-IND/04 Costruzioni e strutture aerospaziali
ING-IND/15 Disegno e metodi dell'ingegneria industriale

description: Questo lavoro di tesi nasce da un progetto di ricerca promosso nel 2001 dal Prof. Leonardo Seccia (Seconda Facoltà di Ingegneria, sede di Forlì, e C.I.R.A.M., Università di Bologna), dal Prof. Nicola Santopuoli (Facoltà di Architettura Valle Giulia, Sapienza Università di Roma), dal Prof. Ingo Muller e dal Dott. André Musolff (Technical University Berlin, Facultat III, Thermodynamics).
Tale progetto ha avuto come obiettivo lo studio, la progettazione e la realizzazione di un dispositivo di ancoraggio in lega a memoria di forma per il restauro
di affreschi e mosaici parietali, che presentino distacchi più o meno evidenti fra gli strati di intonaco di supporto, proponendosi come mezzo efficace per la salvaguardia
strutturale di tali zone variamente ammalorate. 
In particolare, è stata programmata una serie di prove di laboratorio per caratterizzare in modo preciso il comportamento del materiale prescelto, al fine di realizzare un prototipo rispondente alle caratteristiche di progetto ed anche per implementare un modello
numerico sufficientemente realistico. A questo proposito, è stato anche approfondito il problema della scelta del modello costitutivo più adeguato.
Successivamente, i risultati ottenuti sono stati impiegati nella progettazione e realizzazione di nuovi dispositivi in lega a memoria di forma da impiegare nel campo dei beni culturali, fra cui sistemi reversibili per il ricongiungimento di parti fratturate e sistemi di movimentazione intelligenti sia per lastre di protezione di
superfici affrescate, sia per finestre da inserire in contesti museali per il controllo del microclima.
Exciting fear in adolescence: Does pubertal development alter threat processing?
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Adolescence
Threat
Reward
Risk taking
Anxiety
Amygdala
Nucleus accumbens
Testosterone
Puberty

description: Adolescent development encompasses an ostensible paradox in threat processing. Risk taking increases dramatically after the onset of puberty, contributing to a 200% increase in mortality. Yet, pubertal maturation is associated with increased reactivity in threat-avoidance systems. In the first part of this paper we propose a heuristic model of adolescent affective development that may help to reconcile aspects of this paradox, which focuses on hypothesized pubertal increases in the capacity to experience (some) fear-evoking experiences as an exciting thrill. In the second part of this paper, we test key features of this model by examining brain activation to threat cues in a longitudinal study that disentangled pubertal and age effects. Pubertal increases in testosterone predicted increased activation to threat cues, not only in regions associated with threat avoidance (i.e., amygdala), but also regions associated with reward pursuit (i.e., nucleus accumbens). These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that puberty is associated with a maturational shift toward more complex processing of threat cues - which may contribute to adolescent tendencies to explore and enjoy some types of risky experiences. © 2014 The Authors.
Decision Making in the PICU: An Examination of Factors Influencing Participation Decisions in Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014

description: Background. In stressful situations, decision making processes related to informed consent may be compromised. Given the profound levels of distress that surrogates of children in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) experience, it is important to understand what factors may be influencing the decision making process beyond the informed consent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of clinician influence and other factors on decision making regarding participation in a randomized clinical trial (RCT).Method. Participants were 76 children under sedation in a PICU and their surrogate decision makers. Measures included the Post Decision Clinician Survey, observer checklist, and post-decision interview.Results. Age of the pediatric patient was related to participation decisions in the RCT such that older children were more likely to be enrolled. Mentioning the sponsoring institution was associated with declining to participate in the RCT. Type of health care provider and overt recommendations to participate were not related to enrollment.Conclusion. Decisions to participate in research by surrogates of children in the PICU appear to relate to child demographics and subtleties in communication; however, no modifiable characteristics were related to increased participation, indicating that the informed consent process may not be compromised in this population.
Real time estimation in local polynomial regression, with application to trend-cycle analysis
Creators: name: Proietti, Tommaso
name: Luati, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper focuses on the adaptation of local polynomial filters at the end of the sample period. We show that for real time estimation of signals (i.e., exactly at the boundary of the time support) we cannot rely on the automatic adaptation of the local polynomial smoothers, since the direct real time filter turns out to be strongly localized, and thereby yields extremely volatile estimates. As an alternative, we evaluate a general family of asymmetric filters that minimizes the mean square revision error subject to polynomial reproduction constraints; in the case of the Henderson filter it nests the well-known Musgrave's surrogate filters. The class of filters depends on unknown features of the series such as the slope and the curvature of the underlying signal, which can be estimated from the data. Several empirical examples illustrate the effectiveness of our proposal.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOAS195 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Biophysical Fitness Landscapes for Transcription Factor Binding Sites
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Binding Sites
Computational Biology
DNA
Models, Biological
Protein Binding
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Transcription Factors

description: Phenotypic states and evolutionary trajectories available to cell populations are ultimately dictated by complex interactions among DNA, RNA, proteins, and other molecular species. Here we study how evolution of gene regulation in a single-cell eukaryote S. cerevisiae is affected by interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and their cognate DNA sites. Our study is informed by a comprehensive collection of genomic binding sites and high-throughput in vitro measurements of TF-DNA binding interactions. Using an evolutionary model for monomorphic populations evolving on a fitness landscape, we infer fitness as a function of TF-DNA binding to show that the shape of the inferred fitness functions is in broad agreement with a simple functional form inspired by a thermodynamic model of two-state TF-DNA binding. However, the effective parameters of the model are not always consistent with physical values, indicating selection pressures beyond the biophysical constraints imposed by TF-DNA interactions. We find little statistical support for the fitness landscape in which each position in the binding site evolves independently, indicating that epistasis is common in the evolution of gene regulation. Finally, by correlating TF-DNA binding energies with biological properties of the sites or the genes they regulate, we are able to rule out several scenarios of site-specific selection, under which binding sites of the same TF would experience different selection pressures depending on their position in the genome. These findings support the existence of universal fitness landscapes which shape evolution of all sites for a given TF, and whose properties are determined in part by the physics of protein-DNA interactions. © 2014 Haldane et al.
An improved reconstruction procedure for the correction of local magnification effects in three-dimensional atom-probe
Creators: name: De Geuser, F.
name: Lefebvre, W.
name: Danoix, F.
name: Vurpillot, F.
name: Forbord, B.
name: Blavette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new 3DAP reconstruction procedure is proposed that accounts for the evaporation field of a secondary phase. It applies the existing cluster selection software to identify the atoms of the second phase and, subsequently, an iterative algorithm to homogenise the volume laterally. This Procedure, easily implementable on existing reconstruction software, has been applied successfully on simulated and real 3DAP analyses.
Effects of particle shape and size distribution on hydraulic properties of grain packs: An experimental study
Creators: name: Rezaei, Elnaz
name: Zeinalzadeh, Kamran
name: Ghanbarian, Behzad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Uniform and multi-dispersed grain packs have been frequently used to conceptually study flow in porous media. Numerical simulations were previously used to address the effect of particle shape on characteristics, such as pore space fractal dimension, moisture characteristic curve (MCC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC) of grain packs. However, experimental observations are still required since fractal-based approaches have been extensively proposed to model various properties in porous media. In this study, 16 angular sand and 16 spherical glass bead samples with different particle size distributions (PSDs) from well- to poorly-sorted were packed. The MCC was measured using the combination of sandbox and pressure plates methods. The pore space fractal dimension (DMCC), calculated from the measured MCC, ranged from 0.80 to 2.86 in sand and from -0.18 to 2.81 in glass bead packs, which indicated that DMCC may be negative in homogenous media (e.g., glass bead packs) consistent with several studies in the literature. Results showed greater DMCC for the sand packs than the glass bead packs with the same geometric mean diameter values and PSDs. This clearly demonstrated the effect of particle shape on DMCC in the studied packs. The critical path analysis (CPA) approach was used to estimate the SHC measured using the constant-head method. We found that the CPA estimated the SHC accurately, within a factor of four of the measurements on average. Although the CPA is theoretically known to be accurate in media with broad pore size distributions, we experimentally found that it estimated the SHC in various types of grain packs reasonably well.
Bioinformatic identification of connective tissue growth factor as an osteogenic protein within skeletal muscle
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: CTGF
Calorie Restriction
exercise
myokine

description: © 2014 The Authors. Aging is associated with increasing incidence of osteoporosis; a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength that may predispose patients to an increased risk of fracture. It is imperative to identify novel ways in which to attenuate such declines in the functional properties of bone. The purpose of this study was to identify, through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, a protein secreted from skeletal muscle that is putatively involved in bone formation. We performed a functional annotation bioinformatic analysis of human skeletal muscle-derived secretomes (n = 319) using DAVID software. Cross-referencing was conducted using OMIM, Unigene, UniProt, GEO, and CGAP databases. Signal peptides and transmembrane residues were analyzed using SignalP and TMHMM software. To further investigate functionality of the identified protein, L6 and C2C12 myotubes were grown for in vitro analysis. C2C12 myotubes were subjected to 16 h of glucose deprivation (GD) prior to analysis. In vivo experiments included analysis of 6-week calorie restricted (CR) rat muscle samples. Bioinformatic analysis yielded 15 genes of interest. GEO dataset analysis identified BMP5, COL1A2, CTGF, MGP, MMP2, and SPARC as potential targets for further processing. Following TMHMM and SignalP processing, CTGF was chosen as a candidate gene. CTGF expression level was increased during L6 myoblast differentiation (P < 0.01). C2C12 myotubes showed no change in response to GD. Rat soleus muscle samples exhibited an increase in CTGF expression (n = 16) in response to CR (35%) (P < 0.05). CTGF was identified as a skeletal muscle expressed protein through bioinformatic analysis of skeletal muscle-derived secretomes and in vitro/in vivo analysis. Future study is needed to determine the role of muscle-derived CTGF in bone formation and remodeling processes.
Magnetic dipole moments in single and coupled split-ring resonators
Creators: name: Zeng, Yong
name: Dineen, Colm
name: Moloney, Jerome V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the role of magnetic dipoles in single and coupled pairs of metallic split-ring resonators by numerically computing their magnitude and examining their relative contributions to the scattering cross section. We demonstrate that magnetic dipoles can strongly influence the scattering cross section along particular directions. It is also found that the magnetic dipole parallel to the incident magnetic field and/or high-order multipoles may play a significant role in the linear response of coupled split-ring resonators.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Beyond different levels: embodiment and the developmental system
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: developmental psychology
developmental systems
levels of explanation
multilevel analysis
philosophy

description: The value of studying a phenomenon at multiple levels of analysis is often emphasized in psychology, but a lack of clarity about the nature of levels and the relations among them remains an impediment to progress. The suggestion here is that an approach combining the tenets of embodiment with the construct of the developmental system provides a way forward. Embodiment opposes the splitting off and elevation of a level of mechanisms that has characterized much of cognitive science. In contrast, a constructivist embodied approach places a level of mechanisms in the context of a formal or systems level of analysis, with developmental process framing the interpenetrating relations between levels. Such an approach stems from a relational worldview that opposes conceptual splits and posits that levels of structure and process comprise an indissociable complementarity. The combination of embodiment and developmental systems within a relational worldview is discussed and elaborated through outlining the integrative approach of relational developmental systems, which has been proposed as a scientific paradigm within which formulations of the interrelations among brain, body, and mind can be advanced.
On the Current and Emerging Challenges of Developing Fair and Ethical AI Solutions in Financial Services
Creators: name: Kurshan, Eren
name: Chen, Jiahao
name: Storchan, Victor
name: Shen, Hongda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4; K.5.2; I.2
subject: 68T01

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to find more numerous and more critical applications in the financial services industry, giving rise to fair and ethical AI as an industry-wide objective. While many ethical principles and guidelines have been published in recent years, they fall short of addressing the serious challenges that model developers face when building ethical AI solutions. We survey the practical and overarching issues surrounding model development, from design and implementation complexities, to the shortage of tools, and the lack of organizational constructs. We show how practical considerations reveal the gaps between high-level principles and concrete, deployed AI applications, with the aim of starting industry-wide conversations toward solution approaches.
description: 10 pages; expanded from conference version
The most metal-rich asymptotic giant branch stars
Creators: name: Karakas, Amanda
name: Cinquegrana, Giulia
name: Joyce, Meridith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new stellar evolutionary sequences of very metal-rich stars evolved with the Monash Stellar Structure code and with MESA. The Monash models include masses of $1-8M_{\odot}$ with metallicities $Z=0.04$ to $Z=0.1$ and are evolved from the main sequence to the thermally-pulsing asymptotic giant branch (AGB). These are the first $Z=0.1$ AGB models in the literature. The MESA models include intermediate-mass models with $Z=0.06$ to $Z=0.09$ evolved to the onset of the thermally-pulsing phase. Third dredge-up only occurs in intermediate-mass models $Z \le 0.08$. Hot bottom burning (HBB) shows a weaker dependence on metallicity, with the minimum mass increasing from 4.5$M_{\odot}$ for $Z=0.014$ to $\approx 5.5 M_{\odot}$ for Z = 0.04, $6M_{\odot}$ for $ 0.05 \le Z \le 0.07$ and above 6.5$ M_{\odot}$ for $Z\ge 0.08$. The behaviour of the $Z=0.1$ models is unusual; most do not experience He-shell instabilities owing to rapid mass-loss on the early part of the AGB. Turning off mass-loss produces He-shell instabilities, however thermal pulses are weak and result in no third dredge-up. The minimum mass for carbon ignition is reduced from 8$M_{\odot}$ for $Z=0.04$ to 7$M_{\odot}$ for $Z=0.1$, which implies a reduction in the minimum mass for core-collapse supernovae. MESA models of similarly high metallicity ($Z=0.06 - 0.09$) show the same lowering of the minimum mass for carbon ignition: carbon burning is detected in a $6 M_{\odot}$ model at the highest metallicity ($Z=0.09$) and in all $7 M_{\odot}$ models with $Z \ge 0.06$. This demonstrates robustness of the lowered carbon burning threshold across codes.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Dispersion Properties, Nonlinear Waves and Birefringence in Classical Nonlinear Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Tzenov, Stephan I.
name: Spohr, Klaus M.
name: Tanaka, Kazuo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the very basic physics principles, we have studied the implications of quantum corrections to classical electrodynamics and the propagation of electromagnetic waves and pulses. The initial nonlinear wave equation for the electromagnetic vector potential is solved perturbatively about the known exact plane wave solution in both the free vacuum case, as well as when a constant magnetic field is applied. A nonlinear wave equation with nonzero convective part for the (relatively) slowly varying amplitude of the first-order perturbation has been derived. This equation governs the propagation of electromagnetic waves with a reduced speed of light, where the reduction is roughly proportional to the intensity of the initial pumping plane wave. A system of coupled nonlinear wave equations for the two slowly varying amplitudes of the first-order perturbation, which describe the two polarization states, has been obtained for the case of constant magnetic field background. Further, the slowly varying wave amplitude behavior is shown to be similar to that of a cnoidal wave, known to describe surface gravity waves in shallow water. It has been demonstrated that the two wave modes describing the two polarization states are independent, and they propagate at different wave frequencies. This effect is usually called nonlinear birefringence.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Cyclotron production and radiochemical purification of terbium-155 for SPECT imaging
Creators: name: Favaretto, C.
name: Talip, Z.
name: Borgna, F.
name: Grundler, P. V.
name: Dellepiane, G.
name: Sommerhalder, A.
name: Zhang, H.
name: Schibli, R.
name: Braccini, S.
name: Müller, C.
name: van der Meulen, N. P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Material.
Tropical $F$-polynomials and General Presentations
Creators: name: Fei, Jiarui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G20 (Primary), 13F60, 52B20 (Secondary)

description: We introduce the tropical $F$-polynomial $f_M$ of a quiver representation $M$. We study its interplay with the general presentation for any finite-dimensional basic algebra. We give an interpretation of evaluating $f_M$ at a weight vector. As a consequence, we give a presentation of the Newton polytope ${\sf N}(M)$ of $M$. We study the dual fan and 1-skeleton of ${\sf N}(M)$. We propose an algorithm to determine the generic Newton polytopes, and show it works for path algebras. As an application, we give a representation-theoretic interpretation of Fock-Goncharov's duality pairing. We give an explicit construction of dual clusters, which consists of real Schur representations. We specialize the above general results to the cluster-finite algebras and the preprojective algebras of Dynkin type.
description: 39 pages; v3: Shorten the paper by removing section 7.2; v4:correct a typo on sign; v6: section number adjusting, final version to appear J. London Math. Soc
Planck-LFI radiometers' spectral response
Creators: name: Zonca, A
name: Franceschet, C
name: Battaglia, P
name: Villa, F
name: Mennella, A
name: D'Arcangelo, O
name: Silvestri, R
name: Bersanelli, M
name: Artal, E
name: Butler, R C
name: Cuttaia, F
name: Davis, R J
name: Galeotta, S
name: Hughes, N
name: Jukkala, P
name: Kilpia, V-H
name: Laaninen, M
name: Mandolesi, N
name: Maris, M
name: Mendes, L
name: Sandri, M
name: Terenzi, L
name: Tuovinen, J
name: Varis, J
name: Wilkinson, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) is an array of pseudo-correlation radiometers on board the Planck satellite, the ESA mission dedicated to precision measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The LFI covers three bands centred at 30, 44 and 70 GHz, with a goal bandwidth of 20% of the central frequency. The characterization of the broadband frequency response of each radiometer is necessary to understand and correct for systematic effects, particularly those related to foreground residuals and polarization measurements. In this paper we present the measured band shape of all the LFI channels and discuss the methods adopted for their estimation. The spectral characterization of each radiometer was obtained by combining the measured spectral response of individual units through a dedicated RF model of the LFI receiver scheme. As a consistency check, we also attempted end-to-end spectral measurements of the integrated radiometer chain in a cryogenic chamber. However, due to systematic effects in the measurement setup, only qualitative results were obtained from these tests. The measured LFI bandpasses exhibit a moderate level of ripple, compatible with the instrument scientific requirements.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, this paper is part of the Prelaunch status LFI papers published on JINST: http://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/-page=extra.proc5/jinst
Perturbative and non perturbative effects in the Standard Model and orbifolded ADS/CFT based theories
Creators: name: Iafelice, Pasquale Luca <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2008
Subjects: FIS/02 Fisica teorica, modelli e metodi matematici

description: We study some perturbative and nonperturbative effects in the framework of the
Standard Model of particle physics. In particular we consider the time dependence
of the Higgs vacuum expectation value given by the dynamics of the StandardModel
and study the non-adiabatic production of both bosons and fermions,
which is intrinsically non-perturbative. In theHartree approximation, we analyze
the general expressions that describe the dissipative dynamics due to the backreaction
of the produced particles. Then, we solve numerically some relevant
cases for the Standard Model phenomenology in the regime of relatively small
oscillations of the Higgs vacuum expectation value (vev). As perturbative effects,
we consider the leading logarithmic resummation in small Bjorken x QCD, concentrating
ourselves on the Nc dependence of the Green functions associated to
reggeized gluons. Here the eigenvalues of the BKP kernel for states of more than
three reggeized gluons are unknown in general, contrary to the large Nc limit
(planar limit) case where the problem becomes integrable. In this contest we consider
a 4-gluon kernel for a finite number of colors and define some simple toy
models for the configuration space dynamics, which are directly solvable with
group theoretical methods. In particular we study the depencence of the spectrum
of thesemodelswith respect to the number of colors andmake comparisons
with the planar limit case. In the final part we move on the study of theories
beyond the Standard Model, considering models built on AdS5  S5/Γ orbifold
compactifications of the type IIB superstring, where Γ is the abelian group Zn.
We present an appealing three family N = 0 SUSY model with n = 7 for the order
of the orbifolding group. This result in a modified Pati–Salam Model which
reduced to the StandardModel after symmetry breaking and has interesting phenomenological
consequences for LHC.
A model of a magnetic star
Creators: name: Carlberg, Raymond G.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A method of computing the effects of a magnetic field on the structure of a star is discussed. The field is restricted so that the magnetic force is derivable from a potential, which allows the development of a simple expression for the field and distortion to the star. The J² technique is used to derive the perturbed equations of stellar structure, the only difference from the unperturbed equations being an alteration to the effective gravity, as a function of radius. This method is applied to the computation of the structure of an upper main sequence star containing a dipolar magnetic field. The cases of the flux penetrating the convective core and the flux excluded from the core are considered. The changes in the structure of the star, the distortion of the surface and the expected changes in the observable quantities are calculated.
Dynamical Black Rings with a Positive Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Kimura, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct dynamical black ring solutions in the five dimensional Einstein-Maxwell system with a positive cosmological constant and investigate the geometrical structure. The solutions describe the physical process such that a thin black ring at early time shrinks and changes into a single black hole as time increase. We also discuss the multi-black rings and the coalescence of them.
description: 11 pages, 16 figures, references added
Associations of census-tract poverty with subsite-specific colorectal cancer incidence rates and stage of disease at diagnosis in the United States
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Colo-Rectal Cancer
Prevention
Cancer
Clinical Research
Digestive Diseases

description: © 2014 Kevin A. Henry et al. Background. It remains unclear whether neighborhood poverty contributes to differences in subsite-specific colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. We examined associations between census-tract poverty and CRC incidence and stage by anatomic subsite and race/ethnicity. Methods. CRC cases diagnosed between 2005 and 2009 from 15 states and Los Angeles County (N = 278,097) were assigned to 1 of 4 groups based on census-tract poverty. Age-adjusted and stage-specific CRC incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. Analyses were stratified by subsite (proximal, distal, and rectum), sex, race/ethnicity, and poverty. Results. Compared to the lowest poverty areas, CRC IRs were significantly higher in the most impoverished areas for men (IRR = 1.14 95% CI 1.12-1.17) and women (IRR = 1.06 95% CI 1.05-1.08). Rate differences between high and low poverty were strongest for distal colon (male IRR = 1.24 95% CI 1.20-1.28; female IRR = 1.14 95% CI 1.10-1.18) and weakest for proximal colon. These rate differences were significant for non-Hispanic whites and blacks and for Asian/Pacific Islander men. Inverse associations between poverty and IRs of all CRC and proximal colon were found for Hispanics. Late-to-early stage CRC IRRs increased monotonically with increasing poverty for all race/ethnicity groups. Conclusion. There are differences in subsite-specific CRC incidence by poverty, but associations were moderated by race/ethnicity.
Interactions between magnetohydrodynamic shear instabilities and convective flows in the solar interior
Creators: name: Silvers, L. J.
name: Bushby, P. J.
name: Proctor, M. R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the interface model for the solar dynamo, this paper explores the complex magnetohydrodynamic interactions between convective flows and shear-driven instabilities. Initially, we consider the dynamics of a forced shear flow across a convectively-stable polytropic layer, in the presence of a vertical magnetic field. When the imposed magnetic field is weak, the dynamics are dominated by a shear flow (Kelvin-Helmholtz type) instability. For stronger fields, a magnetic buoyancy instability is preferred. If this stably stratified shear layer lies below a convectively unstable region, these two regions can interact. Once again, when the imposed field is very weak, the dynamical effects of the magnetic field are negligible and the interactions between the shear layer and the convective layer are relatively minor. However, if the magnetic field is strong enough to favour magnetic buoyancy instabilities in the shear layer, extended magnetic flux concentrations form and rise into the convective layer. These magnetic structures have a highly disruptive effect upon the convective motions in the upper layer.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS