cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
$Zγ$ production at hadron colliders in NNLO QCD
Creators: name: Grazzini, M.
name: Kallweit, S.
name: Rathlev, D.
name: Torre, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the production of $Zγ$ pairs at hadron colliders. We report on the first complete and fully differential computation of radiative corrections at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD perturbation theory. We present selected numerical results for pp collisions at 7 TeV and compare them to available LHC data. We find that the impact of the NNLO QCD corrections on the fiducial cross section ranges between 4 and 15%, depending on the applied cuts.
description: Minor changes, version published on PLB
Modification of jet shapes in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first measurement of jet shapes, defined as the fractional transverse momentum radial distribution, for inclusive jets produced in heavy-ion collisions is presented. Data samples of PbPb and pp collisions, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 150 inverse microbarns and 5.3 inverse picobarns respectively, were collected at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with a distance parameter R = 0.3, and the jet shapes are measured for charged particles with transverse momentum pt > 1 GeV. The jet shapes measured in PbPb collisions in different collision centralities are compared to reference distributions based on the pp data. A centrality-dependent modification of the jet shapes is observed in the more central PbPb collisions, indicating a redistribution of the energy inside the jet cone. This measurement provides information about the parton shower mechanism in the hot and dense medium produced in heavy-ion collisions.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Specialization orders on atom spectra of Grothendieck categories
Creators: name: Kanda, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E15 (Primary), 16D90, 16G30, 13C05 (Secondary)

description: We introduce systematic methods to construct Grothendieck categories from colored quivers and develop a theory of the specialization orders on the atom spectra of Grothendieck categories. We show that any partially ordered set is realized as the atom spectrum of some Grothendieck category, which is an analog of Hochster's result in commutative ring theory. We also show that there exists a Grothendieck category which has empty atom spectrum but has nonempty injective spectrum.
description: 39 pages
GUT MICROBIOTA CROSSTALK WITH CONVENTIONAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL T CELLS: A GAME OF MANY PLAYERS.
Creators: name: BURRELLO, CLAUDIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2019

description: The presence of microbial commensals in the gut requires the establishment of a complex network of reciprocal interactions between the microbiota and the host immune system to allow nutrient absorption while preventing undesired mucosal immune responses. Despite these homeostatic mechanisms, during intestinal inflammation alterations of the microbiota composition, namely dysbiosis, trigger abnormal immune responses. Here, we aimed at investigating the functional crosstalk between gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system during inflammation and upon induction of microbial dysbiosis. We observed that inflammation-induced and antibiotic-driven types of dysbiosis are phenotypically and functionally modifying CD4+ T and iNKT cells activity. Moreover, during intestinal inflammation, the experimental manipulation of the microbiota community through Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) reduces colonic inflammation and initiates the restoration of intestinal homeostasis through the induction of IL-10 production by immune cells. Further, we performed a comprehensive analysis on intestinal iNKT cells isolated from surgical specimens of active Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients and non-IBD donors. We report that the exposure to mucosa-associated microbiota drives iNKT cell pro-inflammatory activation, inducing direct pathogenicity against the intestinal epithelium. Collectively, we provided solid evidence that a strict crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the intestinal conventional and non-conventional T cells exists. Antibiotic-associated dysbiosis has immunostimulatory functions. Moreover, FMT can therapeutically control intestinal experimental colitis and this poses FMT as a valuable therapeutic option in immune-related pathologies. In addition, we generated fundamental knowledge about the pathogenic functions exerted by human intestinal iNKT cells upon the interaction with mucosa-associated microbiota communities.
REGULAR LANGUAGES: TO FINITE AUTOMATA AND BEYOND - SUCCINCT DESCRIPTIONS AND OPTIMAL SIMULATIONS
Creators: name: PRIGIONIERO, LUCA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: � noto che i linguaggi regolari ? o di tipo 3 ? sono equivalenti agli automi a stati finiti. Tuttavia, in letteratura sono presenti altre caratterizzazioni di questa classe di linguaggi, in termini di modelli riconoscitori e grammatiche. Per esempio, limitando le risorse computazionali di modelli pi� generali, quali grammatiche context-free, automi a pila e macchine di Turing, che caratterizzano classi di linguaggi pi� ampie, � possibile ottenere modelli che generano o riconoscono solamente i linguaggi regolari. I dispositivi risultanti forniscono delle rappresentazioni alternative dei linguaggi di tipo 3, che, in alcuni casi, risultano significativamente pi� compatte rispetto a quelle dei modelli che caratterizzano la stessa classe di linguaggi. Il presente lavoro ha l?obiettivo di studiare questi modelli formali dal punto di vista della complessit� descrizionale, o, in altre parole, di analizzare le relazioni tra le loro dimensioni, ossia il numero di simboli utilizzati per specificare la loro descrizione. Sono presentati, inoltre, alcuni risultati connessi allo studio della famosa domanda tuttora aperta posta da Sakoda e Sipser nel 1978, inerente al costo, in termini di numero di stati, per l?eliminazione del nondeterminismo dagli automi stati finiti sfruttando la capacit� degli automi two-way deterministici di muovere la testina avanti e indietro sul nastro di input.
Global Constraints on Lepton-Quark Contact Interactions
Creators: name: de Blas, J.
name: Chala, M.
name: Santiago, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Hadron Collider can do precision physics at a level that is competitive with electroweak precision constraints when probing physics beyond the Standard Model. We present a simple yet general parameterization of the effect of an arbitrary number of lepton-quark contact interactions on any di-lepton observable at hadron colliders. This parameterization can be easily adopted by the experimental collaborations to put bounds on arbitrary combinations of lepton-quark contact interactions. We compute the corresponding bounds from current di-lepton resonance searches at the LHC and find that they are competitive with and often complementary to indirect constraints from electroweak precision data. We combine all current constraints in a global analysis to obtain the most stringent bounds on lepton-quark contact interactions. We also show that the high-energy phase of the LHC has a unique potential in terms of discovery and discrimination power among different types of lepton-quark contact interactions.
description: Latex 8 pages, 1 figure. References added, minor changes. Version published in Phys. Rev. D
PRODUCTION OF NATURAL AROMA COMPOUNDS BY BIOCATALYSIS
Creators: name: CHIARELLI PERDOMO, IGOR
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2019

description: Gli esteri svolgono un ruolo rilevante nell'industria alimentare, sono tra i composti piu? importanti e versatili di aromi e fragranze naturali in alimenti, bevande e cosmetici. La loro preparazione da substrati naturali e l'utilizzo di bioprocessi (eg. fermentazione o reazioni enzimatiche) e? attrattivo, perche? il prodotto finale puo? essere etichettato e commercializzato in UE e USA come naturale. Pertanto, nuovi approcci biotecnologici per ottenere aromi sono desiderati, una volta che siano efficienti e sostenibili. Molti esteri con proprieta? aromatiche possono essere ottenuti enzimaticamente usando lipasi che catalizzano reazioni di esterificazione, transesterificazione o interesterificazione. In questa tesi di dottorato abbiamo sviluppato due sistemi per la produzione di esteri con proprieta? aromatiche: 1) Un metodo biocatalitico per la preparazione enzimatica di diversi esteri con proprieta? aromatiche da alcoli primari (isoamilico, n-esilico, geranilico, cinnamilico, 2-feniletilico e benzilico) ed esteri etilici naturalmente disponibili (formiato, acetato, propionato e butirrato). Le biotrasformazioni sono catalizzate da un'aciltransferasi di Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT) e precedute da eccellenti rese (80- 97%) e brevi tempi di reazione (30-120 minuti), anche quando sono state utilizzate concentrazioni di substrato elevate (fino a 0,5 M). Questa strategia enzimatica rappresenta un'alternativa efficace all'applicazione delle lipasi nei solventi organici e un miglioramento significativo rispetto ai metodi gia? noti in termini di uso ridotto di solventi organici, aprendo la strada a una preparazione sostenibile ed efficiente degli agenti aromatizzanti naturali. 2) Un metodo biocatalitico con la lipasi legata al micelio liofilizzato di Aspergillus oryzae che catalizza l'esterificazione diretta di alcoli e acido acetico in solvente organico. Ha mostrato un'elevata stabilita? verso substrati e prodotti. L'acqua prodotta durante l'esterificazione non ha influenzato in modo significativo l'equilibrio della reazione, consentendo conversioni elevate. Queste caratteristiche sono state sfruttate per preparare esteri con proprieta? aromatiche dell'acetato (isoamil e cinnamil acetato) in sistemi in batch e continui. E? stato sviluppato un continuous stirred tank membrane reactor (CST-MR) ovvero un reattore continuo a membrana sotto agitazione per garantire una buona produttivita? e un'elevata stabilita? del biocatalizzatore. Entrambi i sistemi di produzione sono promettenti, rappresentano due diverse alternative e possono essere ulteriormente ottimizzati e scalati per gli interessi del settore.
Coarse-grained entropy and causal holographic information in AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Kelly, William R.
name: Wall, Aron C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose bulk duals for certain coarse-grained entropies of boundary regions. The `one-point entropy' is defined in the conformal field theory by maximizing the entropy in a domain of dependence while fixing the one-point functions. We conjecture that this is dual to the area of the edge of the region causally accessible to the domain of dependence (i.e. the `causal holographic information' of Hubeny and Rangamani). The `future one-point entropy' is defined by generalizing this conjecture to future domains of dependence and their corresponding bulk regions. We show that the future one-point entropy obeys a nontrivial second law. If our conjecture is true, this answers the question "What is the field theory dual of Hawking's area theorem?"
description: 43 pages, 9 figures. v3: minor changes suggested by referee v2: added a few additional references
Search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a W or a Z boson and decaying to bottom quarks
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the standard model Higgs boson (H) decaying to b b-bar when produced in association with a weak vector boson (V) is reported for the following channels: W(mu nu)H, W(e nu)H, W(tau nu)H, Z(mu mu)H, Z(e e)H, and Z(nu nu)H. The search is performed in data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 5.1 inverse femtobarns at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and up to 18.9 inverse femtobarns at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. An excess of events is observed above the expected background with a local significance of 2.1 standard deviations for a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, consistent with the expectation from the production of the standard model Higgs boson. The signal strength corresponding to this excess, relative to that of the standard model Higgs boson, is 1.0 +/- 0.5.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Distinct distances on algebraic curves in the plane
Creators: name: Pach, János
name: de Zeeuw, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $P$ be a set of $n$ points in the real plane contained in an algebraic curve $C$ of degree $d$. We prove that the number of distinct distances determined by $P$ is at least $c_d n^{4/3}$, unless $C$ contains a line or a circle. We also prove the lower bound $c_d' \min(m^{2/3}n^{2/3}, m^2, n^2)$ for the number of distinct distances between $m$ points on one irreducible plane algebraic curve and $n$ points on another, unless the two curves are parallel lines, orthogonal lines, or concentric circles. This generalizes a result on distances between lines of Sharir, Sheffer, and Solymosi in arXiv:1302.3081.
description: Final version. To appear in Combinatorics, Probability and Computing
The Landau--Zener Problem with Decay and with Dephasing
Creators: name: Avishai, Yshai
name: Band, Yehuda B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two aspects of the classic two-level Landau--Zener (LZ) problem are considered. First, we address the LZ problem when one or both levels decay, i.e., $\veps_j(t) \to \veps_j(t)-i Γ_j/2$. We find that if the system evolves from an initial time $-T$ to a final time $+T$ such that $|\veps_1(\pm T)-\veps_2(\pm T)|$ is not too large, the LZ survival probability of a state $| j \ra$ can {\em increase} with increasing decay rate of the other state $|i \ne j \ra$. This surprising result occurs because the decay results in crossing of the two eigenvalues of the instantaneous non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. On the other hand, if $|\veps_1(\pm T)-\veps_2(\pm T)| \to \infty$ as $T \to \infty$, the probability is {\em independent} of the decay rate. These results are based on analytic solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equations for two cases: (a) the energy levels depend linearly on time, and (b) the energy levels are bounded and of the form $\veps_{1,2}(t) = \pm \veps \tanh (t/{\cal T})$. Second, we study LZ transitions affected by dephasing by formulating the Landau--Zener problem with noise in terms of a Schrödinger-Langevin stochastic coupled set of differential equations. The LZ survival probability then becomes a random variable whose probability distribution is shown to behave very differently for long and short dephasing times. We also discuss the combined effects of decay and dephasing on the LZ probability.
description: 20 pages, presentation reorganized, analysis of combined effects of decay and dephasing slightly extended
OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF METAL POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES FABRICATED WITH SUPERSONIC CLUSTER BEAM IMPLANTATION
Creators: name: MINNAI, CHLOE'
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: Clusters are aggregates composed of a countable number of atoms or molecules, starting with the dimer and reaching, with a vaguely defined upper bound of several hundred thousand atoms, into that interesting size range. Clusters have properties that are different from both atoms and bulk materials as in these small aggregates the surface-to-volume ratio is very large and hence the surface atoms, play a dominant role compared to the bulk ones. By assembling preformed clusters, one can build nanostructured materials. These can be divided in two main categories: cluster assembled films and nanocomposites. In the former case nanoparticles are deposited on a substrate in the latter they are incorporated in a matrix, a polymer for instance. Nanostructured materials offer exciting pathway for the construction of macroscopic materials with designer-specified optical, electrical, and catalytic properties which reflect the ones of their building blocks. The object of this thesis is the study of the optical and electrical properties of metal-polymer nanocomposites (MPNs) in response to mechanical deformation. Reflectance of MPNs is also exploited to develop reflective and bendable diffracting gratings which can be adapted to concave surfaces in order to add focusing power to the diffracting one. A further study regards the evolution of the electrical resistance during the growing of the nanostructured materials on different substrates. Then, the electrical properties of the systems in response to a voltage applied are explored, to find if peculiar phenomena such as resistance switching could occur. Recipes to fabricate robust and reproducible devices which exhibit controllable resistance switching were developed, both for cluster-assembled thin films and MPNs; in this latter case the possibility of controlling the switching activity with mechanical bending is demonstrated as well.
Potentiation Decay of Synapses and the Length Distributions of Synfire Chains Self-organized in Recurrent Neural Networks
Creators: name: Miller, Aaron
name: Jin, Dezhe Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Synfire chains are thought to underlie precisely-timed sequences of spikes observed in various brain regions and across species. How they are formed is not understood. Here we analyze self-organization of synfire chains through the spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) of the synapses, axon remodeling, and potentiation decay of synaptic weights in networks of neurons driven by noisy external inputs and subject to dominant feedback inhibition. Potentiation decay is the gradual, activity-independent reduction of synaptic weights over time. We show that potentiation decay enables a dynamic and statistically stable network connectivity when neurons spike spontaneously. Periodic stimulation of a subset of neurons leads to formation of synfire chains through a random recruitment process, which terminates when the chain connects to itself and forms a loop. We demonstrate that chain length distributions depend on the potentiation decay. Fast potentiation decay leads to long chains with wide distributions, while slow potentiation decay leads to short chains with narrow distributions. We suggest that the potentiation decay, which corresponds to the decay of early long-term potentiation of synapses (E-LTP), is an important synaptic plasticity rule in regulating formation of neural circuity through STDP.
Magnetic Trapping of Molecules via Optical Loading and Magnetic Slowing
Creators: name: Lu, Hsin-I
name: Kozyryev, Ivan
name: Hemmerling, Boerge
name: Piskorski, Julia
name: Doyle, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calcium monofluoride (CaF) is magnetically slowed and trapped using optical pumping. Starting from a collisionally cooled slow beam, CaF with an initial velocity of ~ 30 m/s is slowed via magnetic forces as it enters a 800 mK deep magnetic trap. Employing two-stage optical pumping, CaF is irreversibly loaded into the trap via two scattered photons. We observe a trap lifetime exceeding 500 ms, limited by background collisions. This method paves the way for cooling and magnetic trapping of chemically diverse molecules without closed cycling transitions.
An inflationary model with small scalar and large tensor nongaussianities
Creators: name: Cook, Jessica L.
name: Sorbo, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model of inflation where the scalar perturbations are almost gaussian while there is sizable (equilateral) nongaussianity in the tensor sector. In this model, a rolling pseudoscalar gravitationally coupled to the inflaton amplifies the vacuum fluctuations of a vector field. The vector sources both scalar and tensor metric perturbations. Both kinds of perturbations are nongaussian, but, due to helicity conservation, the tensors have a larger amplitude, so that nongaussianity in the scalar perturbations is negligible. Moreover, the tensors produced this way are chiral. We study, in the flat sky approximation, how constraints on tensor nongaussianities affect the detectability of parity violation in the Cosmic Microwave Background. We expect the model to feature interesting patterns on nongaussianities in the polarization spectra of the CMB.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures. A minor change in the title, a few points clarified, one note and one reference added, agrees with published version
Metric of two balancing Kerr particles in physical parametrization
Creators: name: Manko, V. S.
name: Ruiz, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present paper aims at elaborating a completely physical representation for the general 4-parameter family of the extended double-Kerr spacetimes describing two spinning sources in gravitational equilibrium. This involved problem is solved in a concise analytical form by using the individual Komar masses and angular momenta as arbitrary parameters, and the simplest equatorially symmetric specialization of the general expressions obtained by us yields the physical representation for the well-known Dietz-Hoenselaers superextreme case of two balancing identical Kerr constituents. The existence of the physically meaningful "black hole-superextreme object" equilibrium configurations permitted by the general solution may be considered as a clear indication that the spin-spin repulsion force might actually be by far stronger than expected earlier, when only the balance between two superextreme Kerr sources was thought possible. We also present the explicit analytical formulas relating the equilibrium states in the double-Kerr and double-Reissner-Nordström configurations.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; references added
Electron spin resonance and spin-valley physics in a silicon double quantum dot
Creators: name: Hao, Xiaojie
name: Ruskov, Rusko
name: Xiao, Ming
name: Tahan, Charles
name: Jiang, HongWen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon quantum dots are a leading approach for solid-state quantum bits. However, developing this technology is complicated by the multi-valley nature of silicon. Here we observe transport of individual electrons in a silicon CMOS-based double quantum dot under electron spin resonance. An anticrossing of the driven dot energy levels is observed when the Zeeman and valley splittings coincide. A detected anticrossing splitting of 60 MHz is interpreted as a direct measure of spin and valley mixing, facilitated by spin-orbit interaction in the presence of non-ideal interfaces. A lower bound of spin dephasing time of 63 ns is extracted. We also describe a possible experimental evidence of an unconventional spin-valley blockade, despite the assumption of non-ideal interfaces. This understanding of silicon spin-valley physics should enable better control and read-out techniques for the spin qubits in an all CMOS silicon approach.
description: Supplementary material available at Nature Communications: http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140514/ncomms4860/extref/ncomms4860-s1.pdf
Measurement of the prompt J/psi and psi(2S) polarizations in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Creators: name: The CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The polarizations of prompt J/psi and psi(2S) mesons are measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using a dimuon data sample collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 inverse femtobarns. The prompt J/psi and psi(2S) polarization parameters lambda[theta], lambda[phi], and lambda[theta,phi], as well as the frame-invariant quantity lambda(tilde), are measured from the dimuon decay angular distributions in three different polarization frames. The J/psi results are obtained in the transverse momentum range 14 < pt < 70 GeV, in the rapidity intervals abs(y) < 0.6 and 0.6 < abs(y) < 1.2. The corresponding psi(2S) results cover 14 < pt < 50 GeV and include a third rapidity bin, 1.2 < abs(y) < 1.5. No evidence of large transverse or longitudinal polarizations is seen in these kinematic regions, which extend much beyond those previously explored.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
UNRAVELING A NEW ROLE OF TFEB IN FILOPODIA FORMATION
Creators: name: RAIMO, SERENA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: The microphthalmia family (MITF, TFEB, TFE3, and TFEC) of transcription factors is emerging as global regulators of cancer cell survival and energy metabolism, both through the promotion of lysosomal genes as well as newly uncharacterized targets. During my Ph.D. thesis project, I revealed a new set of TFEB target genes that when activated could contribute to cell migration and invasiveness in cancer. During my work, I found that TFEB regulates the filopodial initiator's factors IRSp53 and EPS8 causing a change in cell shape and an increase in filopodia number that correlates with an augmented motility and invasiveness of the cell. On the contrary, depletion of TFEB and TFE3 leads to down-regulation of EPS8 and IRSp53, and a decrease of filopodia numbers. I confirmed the entire study in the Melanoma cell line (501Mel), a model of cancer, that are cells with a high degree of motility, showing that also in this system, there is an increase in the number of filopodia as well as of EPS8 and IRSp53 levels. This phenotype was completely reversed by depletion of MITF or TFEB and TFE3, demonstrating that the upregulation of these transcription factors could contribute to the invasive phenotype of melanoma cells. Altogether these data revealed a new role of MITF transcription factors as regulators of a transcriptional program that could control metastatic cancer initialization.
How to Identify an Infection Source with Limited Observations
Creators: name: Luo, Wuqiong
name: Tay, Wee Peng
name: Leng, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A rumor spreading in a social network or a disease propagating in a community can be modeled as an infection spreading in a network. Finding the infection source is a challenging problem, which is made more difficult in many applications where we have access only to a limited set of observations. We consider the problem of estimating an infection source for a Susceptible-Infected model, in which not all infected nodes can be observed. When the network is a tree, we show that an estimator for the source node associated with the most likely infection path that yields the limited observations is given by a Jordan center, i.e., a node with minimum distance to the set of observed infected nodes. We also propose approximate source estimators for general networks. Simulation results on various synthetic networks and real world networks suggest that our estimators perform better than distance, closeness, and betweenness centrality based heuristics.
Modulation of CMB polarization with a warm rapidly-rotating half-wave plate on the Atacama B-Mode Search (ABS) instrument
Creators: name: Kusaka, A.
name: Essinger-Hileman, T.
name: Appel, J. W.
name: Gallardo, P.
name: Irwin, K. D.
name: Jarosik, N.
name: Nolta, M. R.
name: Page, L. A.
name: Parker, L. P.
name: Raghunathan, S.
name: Sievers, J. L.
name: Simon, S. M.
name: Staggs, S. T.
name: Visnjic, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the modulation of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization using a rapidly-rotating, half-wave plate (HWP) on the Atacama B-Mode Search (ABS). After demodulating the time-ordered-data (TOD), we find a significant reduction of atmospheric fluctuations. The demodulated TOD is stable on time scales of 500-1000 seconds, corresponding to frequencies of 1-2 mHz. This facilitates recovery of cosmological information at large angular scales, which are typically available only from balloon-borne or satellite experiments. This technique also achieves a sensitive measurement of celestial polarization without differencing the TOD of paired detectors sensitive to two orthogonal linear polarizations. This is the first demonstration of the ability to remove atmospheric contamination at these levels from a ground-based platform using a rapidly-rotating HWP.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, Published in RSI under the title "Modulation of cosmic microwave background polarization with a warm rapidly rotating half-wave plate on the Atacama B-Mode Search instrument."
SEARCH FOR SUPERSYMMETRY WITH A COMPRESSED MASS SPECTRUM USING THE ATLAS DETECTOR
Creators: name: ROSSINI, LORENZO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2019

description: In this dissertation a search for supersymmetric partners of the Higgs and gauge bosons (charginos and neutralinos) is presented, using the data from the ATLAS experiment, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Considerations on the naturalness of the Higgs boson mass suggest that the two lightest neutralinos might be a mix of the partners of the Higgs and could have a similar mass. Using this scenario as reference, in the first analysis presented in this thesis, I am searching for final states with pairs of electrons and muons with low transverse momentums coming from the decay of the second lightest neutralino in the lightest, high missing transvers momentum generated by the lightest neutralinos which are non detectable, and an energetic jet coming from QCD initial state radiation. Results are shown for the analysis obtained with the data collected during 2015 and 2016, where a total integrated luminosity of 36.6 fb^-1 where collected. No statistically significant excess was observed. In order to improve the sensitivity of the analysis at even smaller mass splitting between supersymmetric states, a new final state has been investigated where the second lepton is substituted with a track, in order to be able to access a region of the phase space with even lower momentum of the leptons. This is presented in the second analysis in the thesis, using a total integrated luminosity of 139 fb^-1 collected during the whole Run 2, the period of time from 2015 to 2018. Again, no significant excess was observed and limits on the supersymmetric particle masses were set. The second lightest neutralino has been excluded up to a mass of 175 GeV for signals with a difference in mass between the second lightest and the lightest neutralino of 9 GeV, while signals with a mass of the neutralino of 100 GeV have been excluded down to 2.4 GeV in mass difference. Moreover, in this thesis a new simulation that takes into account the effects of the radiation damage on the silicon pixel sensors of the ATLAS detector is presented. Silicon pixel detectors are at the core of the current and planned upgrade of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). As the closest detector component to the interaction point, these detectors are subjected to a significant amount of radiation over their lifetime. Simulating radiation damage is therefore critical in order to make accurate predictions for current and future detector performance that will enable searches for new particles and forces as well as precision measurements of Standard Model particles such as the Higgs boson. In this thesis are compared the predictions of the evolution of key parameters with real data collected at LHC.
Computations of Galois Representations Associated to Modular Forms
Creators: name: Tian, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose an improved algorithm for computing mod $\ell$ Galois representations associated to a cusp form $f$ of level one. The proposed method allows us to explicitly compute the case with $\ell=29$ and $f$ of weight $k=16$, and the cases with $\ell=31$ and $f$ of weight $k=12,20, 22$. All the results are rigorously proved to be correct. As an example, we will compute the values modulo $31$ of Ramanujan's tau function at some huge primes up to a sign. Also we will give an improved higher bound on Lehmer's conjecture for Ramanujan's tau function.
description: This paper has been published in Acta Arithmetica
A Note on Gluing Dirac Type Operators on a Mirror Quantum Two-Sphere
Creators: name: Klimek, Slawomir
name: McBride, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The goal of this paper is to introduce a class of operators, which we call quantum Dirac type operators on a noncommutative sphere, by a gluing construction from copies of noncommutative disks, subject to an appropriate local boundary condition. We show that the resulting operators have compact resolvents, and so they are elliptic operators.
STRUCTURE-FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF MYC/MAX-DNA BINDING
Creators: name: PELLANDA, PAOLA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2018

description: The c-Myc oncoprotein (or Myc) is a transcription factor of the basic-Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine-zipper (bHLH-LZ) family, whose transcriptional activity depends on dimerization with the bHLH-LZ partner Max and DNA binding, mediated by the basic regions of both proteins. Myc/Max dimers bind preferentially to the hexanucleotide motif CACGTG (known as E-box) and variants thereof. The ability of Myc to bind DNA in vivo, however, is not stringently regulated by the presence of the E-box, since many genomic sites targeted by Myc do not contain this motif. Hence, we still need to fully comprehend how Myc recognizes its genomic targets and to what extent sequence-specific DNA binding contributes to this process. Based on the crystal structure of the DNA-bound Myc/Max dimer, we generated a Myc mutant in which two basic region residues engaged in sequence-specific contacts (H359 and E363) were mutated to Alanine (Myc HEA), and compared this with a mutant in which three Arginine residues involved in DNA backbone interactions were mutated to Alanine (Myc RA). While both mutants showed impaired E-box recognition in vitro, their over-expression in murine fibroblasts revealed very different genome-interaction profiles, Myc RA showing no detectable DNA binding, and Myc HEA retaining about half of the binding sites seen with Myc wt. The analysis of the binding intensity of Myc wt and Myc HEA at their binding sites revealed that, as expected, Myc wt bound more strongly the sites containing the E-box, while Myc HEA bound the sites with an E-box as well as the sites without it, confirming that the mutant lost the sequence-specific recognition ability. The interactions retained by the Myc HEA were dramatically reduced with the protein expressed from the endogenous c-myc locus, though genome engineering. Thus, unlike Myc RA, the Myc HEA mutant retained non-specific interactions with genomic DNA (detectable at elevated protein levels) but failed to engage more stably through sequence-specific DNA contacts. In spite of this residual DNA-binding activity, Myc HEA was profoundly impaired in its biological function, undistinguishable from Myc RA: in particular, neither mutant could substitute for wild-type Myc in supporting cell proliferation in murine fibroblasts, whether at normal or supra-physiological levels. While the assessment of transcriptional activities is still ongoing, we conclude that E-box recognition is essential for Myc?s biological function.
Complete condition for nonzero quantum correlation in continuous variable systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Chengjie
name: Yu, Sixia
name: Chen, Qing
name: Yuan, Haidong
name: Lai, C. H.
name: Oh, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum correlation provides a promising measure beyond entanglement. Here, we propose a necessary and sufficient condition for nonzero quantum correlation in continuous variable systems, which is simple and easy to perform in terms of a marker $Q_r$. In order to get this condition, we introduce continuous-variable local orthogonal bases of the operator space, which are generalized from the orthogonal basis sets in local operator space for discrete variables. Based on this, we obtain the marker $Q_r$ for all bipartite continuous variable states, and provide several examples including two-mode Gaussian and non-Gaussian states. Our result may provide a candidate for quantum correlation measures, and can be measured by designed quantum circuits.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
Fidelity susceptibility and Loschmidt echo for generic paths in a three spin interacting transverse Ising model
Creators: name: Rajak, Atanu
name: Divakaran, Uma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of presence of different types of critical points such as ordinary critical point, multicritical point and quasicritical point along different paths on the Fidelity susceptibility and Loschmidt echo of a three spin interacting transverse Ising chain using a method which does not involve the language of tensors. We find that the scaling of fidelity susceptibility and Loschmidt echo with the system size at these special critical points of the model studied, is in agreement with the known results, thus supporting our method.
description: 5 figures
supplement_gas volumes correction.docx
Creators: name: gattinoni, luciano
name: D'Albo, Rosanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Anaesthesiology
Intensive care

description: Gas volumes corrections are not often used in clinical practice and the conditios in which gas volumes are expressed are most of times ognored or unknown. This supplement allows to better understand their importance and their effects, being divided into three parts. The first part is dedicated to the physiological basis of gas volumes corrections: it describes the physioloigcal laws behind them and the way thay should be applied to gas volumes in order to convert from one condition to another. The second part is a little explanation about factor conversions used in clinical practice. It helps undestanding the reason behind the factor conversions and serves as an example to their interpretation. The third part describes how to gas volumes corrections affect key variables for respiratory status in ICU. Methods used to derive effects of gas volumes corrections in these variables are explained in details to reproduce their calculations and compuatations.
Analytical families of 2-component anisotropic polytropes and their relativistic extensions
Creators: name: Nguyen, Phuc H.
name: Lingam, Manasvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study a family of two-component anisotropic polytropes which model a wide range of spherically symmetric astrophysical systems such as early-type baryonic galaxies. This family is found to contain a large class of models such as the hypervirial family (which satisfy the virial theorem locally), the Plummer and Hernquist models and Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW)-like models. The potential--density pair for these models are derived, as well as their velocity dispersions and anisotropy parameters. The projected quantities are computed and found to reduce to analytical expressions in some cases. The first section of this paper presents an extension of the two-term anisotropic polytropes to encompass a very wide range of potential-density pairs. In the next section, we present the general relativistic extension of the potential-density pair, and calculate the stress-energy tensor, the relativistic anisotropy parameter, the velocity of circular orbits and the angular momentum. Remarkably, for the case of the hypervirial family, the relativistic pressure in the Newtonian limit and the relativistic anisotropy parameter are found to coincide with the corresponding Newtonian expressions. The weak, dominant and strong energy conditions are found to be satisfied only for a certain range of the free parameters. We show that the relativistic hypervirial family also has a finite total mass like its Newtonian counterpart. In the first appendix, a relativistic extension of a different hypervirial family of models is studied, and the relativistic anisotropy parameter is found to coincide with the Newtonian one. Finally, we present a family of models obtained from our distribution function that are similar to the Ossipkov-Merritt models; by computing their anisotropy parameters, we show that they model systems with isotropic cores and radially anisotropic exteriors.
description: Modified to reflect the published version; 16 pages, 8 figures
A "Continuous" Limit of the Complementary Bannai-Ito Polynomials: Chihara Polynomials
Creators: name: Genest, Vincent X.
name: Vinet, Luc
name: Zhedanov, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel family of $-1$ orthogonal polynomials called the Chihara polynomials is characterized. The polynomials are obtained from a "continuous" limit of the complementary Bannai-Ito polynomials, which are the kernel partners of the Bannai-Ito polynomials. The three-term recurrence relation and the explicit expression in terms of Gauss hypergeometric functions are obtained through a limit process. A one-parameter family of second-order differential Dunkl operators having these polynomials as eigenfunctions is also exhibited. The quadratic algebra with involution encoding this bispectrality is obtained. The orthogonality measure is derived in two different ways: by using Chihara's method for kernel polynomials and, by obtaining the symmetry factor for the one-parameter family of Dunkl operators. It is shown that the polynomials are related to the big $-1$ Jacobi polynomials by a Christoffel transformation and that they can be obtained from the big $q$-Jacobi by a $q\rightarrow -1$ limit. The generalized Gegenbauer/Hermite polynomials are respectively seen to be special/limiting cases of the Chihara polynomials. A one-parameter extension of the generalized Hermite polynomials is proposed.
Bayesian inference for pulsar timing models
Creators: name: Vigeland, Sarah J.
name: Vallisneri, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extremely regular, periodic radio emission from millisecond pulsars makes them useful tools for studying neutron star astrophysics, general relativity, and low-frequency gravitational waves. These studies require that the observed pulse times of arrival be fit to complex timing models that describe numerous effects such as the astrometry of the source, the evolution of the pulsar's spin, the presence of a binary companion, and the propagation of the pulses through the interstellar medium. In this paper, we discuss the benefits of using Bayesian inference to obtain pulsar timing solutions. These benefits include the validation of linearized least-squares model fits when they are correct, and the proper characterization of parameter uncertainties when they are not; the incorporation of prior parameter information and of models of correlated noise; and the Bayesian comparison of alternative timing models. We describe our computational setup, which combines the timing models of Tempo2 with the nested-sampling integrator MultiNest. We compare the timing solutions generated using Bayesian inference and linearized least-squares for three pulsars: B1953+29, J2317+1439, and J1640+2224, which demonstrate a variety of the benefits that we posit.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX 4.1. Revised in response to referee's suggestions; contains a broader discussion of model comparison, revised Monte Carlo runs, improved figures
Polarization & Extremism: Verbal info
Creators: name: Alaukik, Abhay
name: Kvam, Peter
name: Baldwin, Matthew
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Experimental Analysis of Behavior
subject: Quantitative Psychology
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This study aims to test if qualitative pieces of information also lead to increased polarization and extremism under choice tasks, in comparison to lesser or no polarization and extremism under estimation tasks.