cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A recent history of deglaciation and vegetation establishment in a contrasted geomorphological context, Glacier Blanc, French Alps
Creators: name: Bayle, Arthur
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: This paper combines a new chronosequence of deglaciation from 1952 to 2015 for Glacier Blanc, French Alps, with an analysis of the proglacial area greening trend. Deglaciated landscapes are ideal natural arenas to investigate geoecological processes, and the Glacier Blanc is an interesting case as it offers a contrasted geomorphological context. The relationships between vegetation and glaciological, geomorphological and hydrological features have first been assessed by revising the existing chronosequence of deglaciation by geo-referencing 12 historical images which has allowed the production of a dense high resolution glacier outline sequence since 1952. Geomorphological and hydrological features have been mapped by photo-interpretation of historical images. The spatial distribution of vegetation and greening trends were assessed using a 2015 high resolution infra-red images and 35-years of Landsat images from 1984 to 2019. The main map illustrates the spatial intertwining of geomorphological and hydrological features with vegetation primary succession in a deglaciated landscapes.
Hydrogeology of the Pearl River Delta, southern China
Creators: name: Lancia, Michele
name: Su, Huang
name: Tian, Yong
name: Xu, Jintai
name: Andrews, Charles
name: Lerner, David N.
name: Zheng, Chunmiao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The study describes the hydrogeological setting of the Pearl River Delta, a sub-tropical area of southern China encompassing the metropolises of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macau. In the last 40 years, a booming economy and a population of about 60 million has increased water demand satisfied by a huge system of dams and reservoirs. Aquifers in the studied area are underutilized and only a few recent studies have addressed hydrogeological characterization at a local scale. Understanding groundwater dynamics of the Pearl River Delta is important for developing additional water supplies, understanding and mitigating groundwater pollution, and for implementing ‘Sponge City' concepts. Via a collection of data from literature and field surveys, the hydrogeological setting of the area is synthetized and represented through thematic maps, cross sections and a hydro-stratigraphic column. Hydrogeological conceptual models are developed that describe the groundwater dynamics in urban and rural areas within the Pearl River Delta.
Proposal of a water management sustainability index for the 969 sub-basins of Mexico
Creators: name: Cervantes-Jiménez, Mónica
name: Díaz-Delgado, Carlos
name: González-Sosa, Enrique
name: Gómez-Albores, Miguel Ángel
name: Mastachi-Loza, Carlos Alberto
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Different components of sustainability have been measured in previous studies at national, regional, and local scales. However, few efforts have aimed to measure water sustainability at the basin level. In this work, a water management sustainability index (WMSI) for quantifying water sustainability at the sub-basin level in Mexico is proposed. Variables related to water management in the environmental, social, economic, and institutional sub-systems of each sub-basin system were selected. The variables were aggregated in four sub-indexes based on a factor analysis, the sub-indexes scores were codified to indicate the level reached of water sustainability. The WMSI classified the water sustainability of the sub-basins of Mexico between poor and deficient, and the code classification indicated the level of compliance of the 969 sub-basins proposed by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography with sustainability criteria.
Evaluating and Minimizing Distributed Cavity Phase Errors in Atomic Clocks
Creators: name: Li, Ruoxin
name: Gibble, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform 3D finite element calculations of the fields in microwave cavities and analyze the distributed cavity phase errors of atomic clocks that they produce. The fields of cylindrical cavities are treated as an azimuthal Fourier series. Each of the lowest components produces clock errors with unique characteristics that must be assessed to establish a clock's accuracy. We describe the errors and how to evaluate them. We prove that sharp structures in the cavity do not produce large frequency errors, even at moderately high powers, provided the atomic density varies slowly. We model the amplitude and phase imbalances of the feeds. For larger couplings, these can lead to increased phase errors. We show that phase imbalances produce a novel distributed cavity phase error that depends on the cavity detuning. We also design improved cavities by optimizing the geometry and tuning the mode spectrum so that there are negligible phase variations, allowing this source of systematic error to be dramatically reduced.
description: To appear in Metrologia
Topology of Andreev Bound States with Flat Dispersion
Creators: name: Sato, Masatoshi
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Yada, Keiji
name: Yokoyama, Takehito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of dispersionless Andreev bound states on surfaces of time-reversal invariant unconventional superconductors is presented. The generalized criterion for the dispersionless Andreev bound state is derived from the bulk-edge correspondence, and the chiral spin structure of the dispersionless Andreev bound states is argued from which the Andreev bound state is stabilized. Then we summarize the criterion in a form of index theorems. The index theorems are proved in a general framework to certify the bulk-edge correspondence. As concrete examples, we discuss (i) dxy-wave superconductor (ii) px-wave superconductor, and (iii) noncentrosymmetric superconductors. In the last example, we find a peculiar time-reversal invariant Majorana fermion. The time-reversal invariant Majorana fermion shows an unusual response to the Zeeman magnetic field, which can be used to identify it experimentally.
description: 56 pages, 11 figures, references are added
Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for improving bio-oil and biochar properties
Creators: name: Mohamed, Badr Ali
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: This thesis evaluates K₃PO₄, clinoptilolite, bentonite and their combinations as potential additives for enhancing microwave absorption, catalyzing pyrolysis of biomass and improving bio-oil and biochar qualities. Catalyst load ratio, pyrolysis temperature, liquid and solid product yields, bio-oil and biochar properties are examined to screen selected catalysts in terms of their effectiveness in increasing microwave absorption and improving bio-oil and biochar qualities. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was also used to study the catalytic behaviour of those catalysts to interpret its performance in microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis and to study the catalytic pyrolysis kinetics for each of the three major biomass components, i.e., hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, using the lumped three parallel reactions model. The performance of the produced biochars is evaluated in terms of their ability to improve soil water holding capacity (WHC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and fertility of loamy sand soil. The capacity of those biochars in reducing bioavailability, phytotoxicity and uptake of heavy metals by wheat plants and the efficacy of those biochars in increasing soil fertility and plant growth in contaminated soil were also investigated. K₃PO₄, clinoptilolite and bentonite all showed good catalytic activities in microwave-assisted pyrolysis, resulting in reduced acidity, viscosity and water content of bio-oil product and catalyst loading and combination of different catalysts are controlling parameters on heating rate and product quality. The synergistic effects were observed in the combination of K₃PO₄ and clinoptilolite or bentonite, resulting in higher-than-expected microwave heating rate, in conjunction with improved bio-oil and biochar quality. Biochar produced from mixing K₃PO₄ and clinoptilolite or bentonite with biomass showed better performance in reducing toxicity and uptake of heavy metals than biochars produced from single catalyst. Catalytic microwave-assisted pyrolysis could be one potential approach for tailoring biochar quality to improve soil physiochemical properties. High microwave absorption, high water and nutrient affinity, desirable plant nutrients and high catalytic performance are the four key features of an effective additive for microwave-assisted biomass pyrolysis for making high quality bio-oil and biochars.
An efficient offline sensor placement method for flow estimation
Creators: name: Chen, Junwei
name: Raiola, Marco
name: Discetti, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an efficient method to optimize sensor placement for flow estimation using sensors with time-delay embedding in advection-dominated flows. Our solution allows identifying promising candidates for sensor positions using solely preliminary flow field measurements with non-time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), without introducing physical probes in the flow. Data-driven estimation in advection-dominated flows often exploits time-delay embedding to enrich the sensor information for the reconstruction, i.e. it uses the information embedded in probe time series to provide a more accurate estimation. Optimizing the probe position is the key to improving the accuracy of such estimation. Unfortunately, the cost of performing an online combinatorial search to identify the optimal sensor placement in experiments is often prohibitive. We leverage the principle that, in advection-dominated flows, rows of vectors from PIV fields embed similar information to that of probe time series located at the downstream end of the domain. We propose thus to optimize the sensor placement using the row data from non-time-resolved PIV measurements as a surrogate of the data a real probe would actually capture in time. This optimization is run offline and requires only one preliminary experiment with standard PIV. Once the optimal positions are identified, the probes can be installed and operated simultaneously with the PIV to perform the time-resolved field estimation. We show that the proposed method outperforms equidistant positioning or greedy optimization techniques available in the literature.
Strong approximation of continuous local martingales by simple random walks
Creators: name: Szekely, Balazs
name: Szabados, Tamas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F15 (Primary), 60G44, 60H05 (Secondary)

description: The aim of this paper is to represent any continuous local martingale as an almost sure limit of a nested sequence of simple, symmetric random walks, time changed by a discrete quadratic variation process. One basis of this is a similar construction of Brownian motion. The other major tool is a representation of continuous local martingales given by Dambis, Dubins and Schwarz (DDS) in terms of Brownian motion time-changed by the quadratic variation. Rates of convergence (which are conjectured to be nearly optimal in the given setting) are also supplied. A necessary and sufficient condition for the independence of the random walks and the discrete time changes or, equivalently, for the independence of the DDS Brownian motion and the quadratic variation is proved to be the symmetry of increments of the martingale given the past, which is a reformulation of an earlier result by Ocone.
description: 21 pages. Errors are corrected in Theorems 2-4
Multifractal structure of Bernoulli convolutions
Creators: name: Jordan, Thomas
name: Shmerkin, Pablo
name: Solomyak, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80

description: Let $ν_λ^p$ be the distribution of the random series $\sum_{n=1}^\infty i_n λ^n$, where $i_n$ is a sequence of i.i.d. random variables taking the values 0,1 with probabilities $p,1-p$. These measures are the well-known (biased) Bernoulli convolutions. In this paper we study the multifractal spectrum of $ν_λ^p$ for typical $λ$. Namely, we investigate the size of the sets \[ Δ_{λ,p}(α) = \left\{x\in\R: \lim_{r\searrow 0} \frac{\log ν_λ^p(B(x,r))}{\log r} =α\right\}. \] Our main results highlight the fact that for almost all, and in some cases all, $λ$ in an appropriate range, $Δ_{λ,p}(α)$ is nonempty and, moreover, has positive Hausdorff dimension, for many values of $α$. This happens even in parameter regions for which $ν_λ^p$ is typically absolutely continuous.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures
Unified picture of Q-balls and boson stars via catastrophe theory
Creators: name: Tamaki, Takashi
name: Sakai, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make an analysis of Q-balls and boson stars using catastrophe theory, as an extension of the previous work on Q-balls in flat spacetime. We adopt the potential $V_3(ϕ)={m^2\over2}ϕ^2-μϕ^3+λϕ^4$ for Q-balls and that with $μ=0$ for boson stars. For solutions with $|g^{rr}-1|\sim 1$ at its peak, stability of Q-balls has been lost regardless of the potential parameters. As a result, phase relations, such as a Q-ball charge versus a total Hamiltonian energy, approach those of boson stars, which tell us an unified picture of Q-balls and boson stars.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Pathways to national-scale adoption of enhanced geothermal power through experience-driven cost reductions
Creators: name: Ricks, Wilson
name: Jenkins, Jesse D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are one of a small number of energy technologies with the potential to deliver firm carbon-free electricity at large scale, but are often excluded from macro-scale decarbonization studies due to uncertainty regarding the nascent technology's cost and resource potential. Here we combine empirically-grounded near-term EGS cost estimates with an experience curves framework, by which costs fall as a function of cumulative deployment, to model EGS deployment pathways and impacts on the United States electricity sector from the present day through 2050. We find that by initially exploiting limited high-quality geothermal resources in the western US, EGS can achieve early commercialization and experience-based cost reductions that enable it to supply up to a fifth of total US electricity generation by 2050 and substantially reduce the cost of decarbonization nationwide. Higher-than-expected initial EGS costs could inhibit early growth and constrain the technology’s long-run potential, though supportive policies can counteract these effects.
Fault tectonics of the Tuscan Nappe in the eastern sector of the Apuan Alps (Italy)
Creators: name: Frassi, Chiara
name: Ottria, Giuseppe
name: Ferdeghini, Alessio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: We present the geological-structural map of the Tuscan Nappe exposed on the eastern border of the Apuan Alps metamorphic dome (Tuscany, Italy). The 1:6,500 scaled Main Map covers an area of about 10 km2. It contains the first detailed overview of the fault tectonics affecting the Tuscan Nappe during the exhumation and uplift of the Tuscan Metamorphic Units. We documented a polyphase fault tectonics that initially produced low-angle extensional faults and later high-angle faults. The latter started within a transtensional tectonic regime that produced left-lateral strike-slip faults. Lately a pure extensional tensor, indicating a switch of the maximum compression σ1 axis from sub-horizontal to sub-vertical, produced faults with a dominant dip-slip component. In our reconstruction the lateral thickness variations documented in several formations of the Tuscan Nappe is mainly controlled by tectonics and not by stratigraphy, as previously suggested.
Pathways to national-scale adoption of enhanced geothermal power through experience-driven cost reductions
Creators: name: Ricks, Wilson
name: Jenkins, Jesse D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This is a working paper, and is currently undergoing peer review. All code and inputs/results data relevant to the analysis is available for download from a separate repository.

 

Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are one of a small number of emerging energy technologies with the potential to deliver firm carbon-free electricity at large scale, but are often excluded from macro-scale decarbonization studies due to uncertainties regarding their cost and resource potential. Here we combine empirically-grounded near-term EGS cost estimates with an experience curves framework, by which costs fall as a function of cumulative deployment, to model EGS deployment pathways and impacts on the United States electricity sector from the present day through 2050. We find that by initially exploiting limited high-quality geothermal resources in the western US, EGS can achieve early commercialization and experience-based cost reductions that enable it to supply up to a fifth of total US electricity generation by 2050 and substantially reduce the cost of decarbonization nationwide. Higher-than-expected initial EGS costs could inhibit early growth and constrain the technology’s long-run potential, though supportive policies can counteract these effects.
Classical Mechanics of Two-Electron Atoms
Creators: name: Richter, Klaus
name: Tanner, Gregor
name: Wintgen, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 31.20.Tz
subject: 03.20.+i
subject: 05.45.+b

description: We study the classical electron motion of two- electron atoms. We present techniques to regularize singularities in the equations of motion and to calculate stability properties of periodic orbits in six-dimensional phase space. Depending on the configuration of the electron pair the classical phase space turns to be regular, purely chaotic, or of mixed structure. For the fully hyperbolic case of collinear electron motion a strong correlation between ionizing trajectories and the collision manifold of the triple collision is found. For the near- integrable collinear motion with both electrons on the same side of the atom we (numerically) derive an action-angle representation of the Hamiltonian.
Process engineering of functional metakaolin based geopolymers
Creators: name: Pernechele, Matteo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Geopolymers (GPs) are a class of inorganic materials which can be used as construction and refractory cements and as functional materials for environmental applications. GPs are low CO₂ emissions binders with high durability that can replace traditional cementitious materials. However the effects and interactions of processing parameters on the different stages of GP setting (“geopolymerization”) are still under scrutiny and the molecular mechanisms and rate limiting steps controlling the setting kinetics are unknown. The crystallization in GPs, which ultimately controls their performance in advanced applications such as water purification and toxic waste encapsulation, is a poorly investigated topic. This dissertation provides new experimental evidences on the role of chemical composition and curing process on metakaolin-based GPs. Steady state and dynamic rheological studies, contact angle tests, microstructural (SEM), structural (XRD and FTIR) and mechanical analyses lead to better understanding of the fundamental transformations occurring during geopolymerization. GPs were seeded with different oxides and zeolites to determine the rate limiting step, increase the reaction rate and control the crystallization. This work contributes to clarification the complex effects of soluble silica on the geopolymerization process. It is shown that soluble and colloidal silicates (such as Na₄SiO₄ and Na₂SiO₃) can act as seeding agents, changing the geopolymerization rate limiting step at temperatures T≥35°C. However, they also slow down the reaction rate, possibly by forming passivation layers on the metakaolin particles, thus producing a more chemically stable and mechanically stronger amorphous gel. Silicates also decrease the water requirement in GPs and thus the porosity. Under certain conditions silicates can increase the percentage of crystalline Faujasite in GPs, but the crystallization process requires higher curing temperatures and times (T>40°C and t>4 days, depending on the amount of silicates). The alkali metals have also a structure-directing role in crystallization of GPs in the form of zeolite, favoring faujasite structure. Water has a templating effect in GPs, favoring the structure of zeolite LTA-type over hydrosodalite. This work also illustrates the compromises that need to be made when selecting appropriate processing parameters to tailor the rheology, structure and properties of geopolymers for specific applications.
Deformed Pseudospin Doublets as a Fingerprint of a Relativistic Supersymmetry in Nuclei
Creators: name: Leviatan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The single-particle spectrum of deformed shell-model states in nuclei, is shown to exhibit a supersymmetric pattern. The latter involves deformed pseudospin doublets and intruder levels. The underlying supersymmetry is associated with the relativistic pseudospin symmetry of the nuclear mean-field Dirac Hamiltonian with scalar and vector potentials.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, Proc. 10th Int. Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics, "New Quests in Nuclear Structure", Vietri Sul Mare, Italy, May 21-25, 2010
Pathways to national-scale adoption of enhanced geothermal power through experience-driven cost reductions
Creators: name: Ricks, Wilson
name: Jenkins, Jesse D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This is a working paper, and is currently undergoing peer review. All code and inputs/results data relevant to the analysis is available for download from a separate repository.

 

Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are one of a small number of emerging energy technologies with the potential to deliver firm carbon-free electricity at large scale, but are often excluded from macro-scale decarbonization studies due to uncertainties regarding their cost and resource potential. Here we combine empirically-grounded near-term EGS cost estimates with an experience curves framework, by which costs fall as a function of cumulative deployment, to model EGS deployment pathways and impacts on the United States electricity sector from the present day through 2050. We find that by initially exploiting limited high-quality geothermal resources in the Western US, EGS could achieve early commercialization and experience-based cost reductions that enable it to supply up to a fifth of total US electricity generation by 2050 and substantially reduce the cost of decarbonization nationwide. Higher-than-expected initial EGS costs could inhibit early growth and constrain the technology’s long-run potential, though supportive policies can counteract these effects.
The Floodplain Woods of Tuscany
Creators: name: Gennai, M.
name: Carnicelli, S.
name: Dell’Olmo, L.
name: Gabellini, A.
name: Giunti, M.
name: Lazzaro, L.
name: Lucchesi, F.
name: Monacci, F.
name: Viciani, D.
name: Foggi, B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The contraction of lowland forests throughout Europe began in remote times and then intensified strongly with land reclamation by agriculture and urbanization during the first half of the last century. We present a map of the Floodplain Woods of Tuscany on a scale of 1:300,000 as a synthesis of that built at the scale of 1:10,000 and the methods used to obtain it. Nearly 90% of the patches contain habitats of concern to conservation, according to the Habitat Directive. The Tuscan Floodplain Woods remained prevalent in coastal areas, where some levels of protection are guaranteed by the presence of several protected areas, whereas they have practically vanished in the other parts of the regional territory. The resulting patches are very small and distant from each other, so only in-depth management of all potential floodplain forest areas, taking into consideration patches for their regeneration, can be useful to assure their conservation.
Strong uniqueness for cyclically symbiotic branching diffusions
Creators: name: Dawson, Donald A.
name: Fleischmann, Klaus
name: Xiong, Jie
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Catalyst
subject: reactant
subject: superprocess
subject: cyclically catalytic branching
subject: stochastic equation
subject: cyclic reaction
subject: growth of moments
subject: moment equation system
subject: moment dual
subject: 60K35
subject: 60J60
subject: 60J80

description: A uniqueness problem raised in 2001 for critical cyclically catalytic super-Brownian motions is solved in the simplified space-less case, that is, for cyclically catalytic branching diffusions X. More precisely, X is characterized as the unique strong solution of a singular stochastic equation.
Методика внутреннего контроля наличия и движения дебиторской задолженности в организациях оптовой торговли
Creators: name: Мехтиева Айтен Рустам Кызы
name: Агеева Ольга Андреевна
Publisher: name: Наука и образование сегодня
Year: 2019
Subjects: внутренний контроль
дебиторская задолженность
организации оптовой торговли.

description: статья посвящена внутреннему контролю дебиторской задолженности в организациях, занимающихся оптовой деятельностью. Авторами рассмотрена методика внутреннего контроля, включающая в себя этапы по проверке наличия, состава и движения дебиторской задолженности в организациях оптовой торговли. Авторами даны рекомендации по систематизации внутреннего контроля дебиторской задолженности путем внедрения регламентированной службы.
Phobos results on charged particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions in Au+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+p collisions at ultra-relativistic energies
Creators: name: Alver, B.
name: Back, B. B.
name: Baker, M. D.
name: Ballintijn, M.
name: Barton, D. S.
name: Betts, R. R.
name: Bickley, A. A.
name: Bindel, R.
name: Budzanowski, A.
name: Busza, W.
name: Carroll, A.
name: Chai, Z.
name: Chetluru, V.
name: Decowski, M. P.
name: Garcıa, E.
name: Gburek, T.
name: George, N.
name: Gulbrandsen, K.
name: Gushue, S.
name: Halliwell, C.
name: Hamblen, J.
name: Heintzelman, G. A.
name: Henderson, C.
name: Hofman, D. J.
name: Hollis, R. S.
name: Holynski, R.
name: Holzman, B.
name: Iordanova, A.
name: Johnson, E.
name: Kane, J. L.
name: Katzy, J.
name: Khan, N.
name: Kucewicz, J. Kotula W.
name: Kulinich, P.
name: Kuo, C. M.
name: Li, W.
name: Lin, W. T.
name: Loizides, C.
name: Manly, S.
name: McLeod, D.
name: Michalowski, J.
name: Mignerey, A. C.
name: Nouicer, R.
name: Olszewski, A.
name: Pak, R.
name: Park, I. C.
name: Pernegger, H.
name: Reed, C.
name: Remsberg, L. P.
name: Reuter, M.
name: Roland, C.
name: Roland, G.
name: Rosenberg, L.
name: Sagerer, J.
name: Sarin, P.
name: Sawicki, P.
name: Sedykh, I.
name: Skulski, W.
name: Smith, C. E.
name: Steadman, S. G.
name: Steinberg, P.
name: Stephans, G. S. F.
name: Stodulski, M.
name: Sukhanov, A.
name: Tonjes, M. B.
name: Trzupek, A.
name: Vale, C.
name: van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.
name: Vaurynovich, S. S.
name: Verdier, R.
name: Veres, G. I.
name: Wadsworth, B.
name: Walters, P.
name: Wenger, E.
name: Wolfs, F. L. H.
name: Wosiek, B.
name: Wozniak, K.
name: Wuosmaa, A. H.
name: Wyslouch, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles emitted in $Au+Au$, $Cu+Cu$, $d+Au$, and $p+p$ collisions over a wide energy range have been measured using the PHOBOS detector at RHIC. The centrality dependence of both the charged particle distributions and the multiplicity at midrapidity were measured. Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles emitted with $|η|<5.4$, which account for between 95% and 99% of the total charged-particle emission associated with collision participants, are presented for different collision centralities. Both the midrapidity density, $dN_{ch}/dη$, and the total charged-particle multiplicity, $N_{ch}$, are found to factorize into a product of independent functions of collision energy, $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$, and centrality given in terms of the number of nucleons participating in the collision, $N_{part}$. The total charged particle multiplicity, observed in these experiments and those at lower energies, assumes a linear dependence of $(\ln s_{_{NN}})^2$ over the full range of collision energy of $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$=2.7-200 GeV.
description: 25 pages, 29 figures, 8 tables
Geomorphology of the northeastern extreme of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Creators: name: Balocchi, Luis Díaz
name: Ponce, Juan Federico
name: Tripaldi, Alfonsina
name: Magneres, Ignacio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: A 1:60,000 scale geomorphological map of the Argentine side of the northeastern extreme of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego in southernmost South America is presented. This paper describes and summarizes the geomorphology of the mapped area, which includes glacial, periglacial, fluvial, coastal, aeolian, lacustrine, and anthropogenic landforms that span over 680 km2 north of San Sebastián Bay in a sparsely populated semiarid and cold steppe used for sheep breeding and hydrocarbon extraction. We used Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and ALOS-PALSAR satellite products combined with field validation to create the map. Glacial advances and retreats as well as climatic and sea level fluctuations that controlled fluvial systems and coastal dynamics were the main sculptors of the landscape during the Late Cenozoic. Aeolian, lacustrine, and anthropogenic activity were later minor contributors. The presented free, open access, vector geomorphological map is intended to be a supporting tool for multidisciplinary researchers and decision-makers.
Gaussian Content as a Laser Beam Quality Parameter
Creators: name: Ruschin, Shlomo
name: Yaakobi, Elad
name: Shekel, Eyal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the Gaussian Content as an optional quality parameter for the characterization of laser beams. It is defined as the overlap integral of a given field with an optimally defined Gaussian. The definition is specially suited for applications where coherence properties are targeted. Mathematical definitions and basic calculation procedures are given along with results for basic beam profiles. The coherent combination of an array of laser beams and the optimal coupling between a diode laser and a single-mode fiber (SMF) are elaborated as application examples. The measurement of the Gaussian Content and its conservation upon propagation are experimentally confirmed.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
An elementary introduction to the Wiener process and stochastic integrals
Creators: name: Szabados, Tamas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J65 (Primary), 60H05, 60J15 (Secondary), 60F15

description: An elementary construction of the Wiener process is discussed, based on a proper sequence of simple symmetric random walks that uniformly converge on bounded intervals, with probability 1. This method is a simplification of F.B. Knight's and P. Révész's. The same sequence is applied to give elementary (Lebesgue-type) definitions of Itô and Stratonovich sense stochastic integrals and to prove the basic Itô formula. The resulting approximating sums converge with probability 1. As a by-product, new elementary proofs are given for some properties of the Wiener process, like the almost sure non-differentiability of the sample-functions. The purpose of using elementary methods almost exclusively is twofold: first, to provide an introduction to these topics for a wide audience; second, to create an approach well-suited for generalization and for attacking otherwise hard problems.
description: 45 pages
The Eocene-Oligocene Nanchititla dike swarm, eastern Michoacán, México
Creators: name: Chávez-Álvarez, María Jazmín
name: Cerca, Mariano
name: Martínez, Margarita López
name: Origel-Gutiérrez, Gabriel
name: Ferrari, Luca
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: We present a geologic map for the Eocene-Oligocene Nanchititla mafic dike swarm consisting of over 140 NNW-SSE trending dike segments; whose emplacement was influenced by the left-lateral transtensional deformation regime prevailing in southern México during the Cenozoic. The hosting rock is a mechanically heterogeneous continental sedimentary sequence interbedded with volcanic rocks. Interaction among magma and host rock promoted the formation of dike-sill systems, segmentation and sinuous intrusions. Dike thickness observed is between 1 and 45 m with a peak in the range from 1 to 5 m. Six giant dikes of more than 30 m thick were documented. The 80% of the dikes have porphyritic textures rich in plagioclase phenocrysts with size ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 cm. New and compiled 40Ar-39Ar ages constrain the swarm emplacement between 30 and 34.5 Ma, whereas plagioclase phenocrysts entrained by the magma have older ages between 35 and 42 Ma.
Wave turbulent statistics in non-weak wave turbulence
Creators: name: Yokoyama, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In wave turbulence, it has been believed that statistical properties are well described by the weak turbulence theory, in which nonlinear interactions among wavenumbers are assumed to be small. In the weak turbulence theory, separation of linear and nonlinear time scales derived from the weak nonlinearity is also assumed. However, the separation of the time scales is often violated even in weak turbulent systems where the nonlinear interactions are actually weak. To get rid of this inconsistency, closed equations are derived without assuming the separation of the time scales in accordance with Direct-Interaction Approximation (DIA), which has been successfully applied to Navier--Stokes turbulence. The kinetic equation of the weak turbulence theory is recovered from the DIA equations if the weak nonlinearity is assumed as an additional assumption. It suggests that the DIA equations is a natural extension of the conventional kinetic equation to not-necessarily-weak wave turbulence.
An exponential functional of random walks
Creators: name: Szabados, Tamas
name: Szekely, Balazs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F17 (Primary), 60F25, 62P05 (Secondary), 60G50

description: The aim of this paper is to investigate discrete approximations of the exponential functional $\int_0^{\infty} \exp(B(t) - νt) \di t$ of Brownian motion (which plays an important role in Asian options of financial mathematics) by the help of simple, symmetric random walks. In some applications the discrete model could be even more natural than the continuous one. The properties of the discrete exponential functional are rather different from the continuous one: typically its distribution is singular w.r.t. Lebesgue measure, all of its positive integer moments are finite and they characterize the distribution. On the other hand, using suitable random walk approximations to Brownian motion, the resulting discrete exponential functionals converge a.s. to the exponential functional of Brownian motion, hence their limit distribution is the same as in the continuous case, namely, the one of the reciprocal of a gamma random variable, so absolutely continuous w.r.t. Lebesgue measure. This way we give a new, elementary proof for an earlier result by Dufresne and Yor as well.
description: 15 pages
Intra-shell states of doubly excited atoms: diagonalization within a basis of symmetrically excited electrons
Creators: name: Richter, Klaus
name: Wintgen, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We calculate $^{1}$S$^{e}$ intra-shell wavefunctions of highly doubly excited two- electron atoms by diagonalizing the corresponding Hamiltonian in a Sturmian-type basis set representing symmetrically excited electrons. We take into account couplings between different intra-shell manifolds. The Z-dependence of the energies of all intra-shell states up to principal quantum numbers N=n=12 is examined. We investigate the nodal structure of the wavefunctions in the manifold N=8 for nuclear charges Z=2 and Z=10 to examine the validity of the Herrick classification scheme. It turns out that this scheme appropriately describes the structure of the lower states in the multiplets but it breaks down for the higher lying states. A comparison with wavefunctions from large-scale calculations reveals that the intra-shell diagonalization overestimates the radial independent-electron character of the wavefunctions. A semiclassical interpretation of the wavefunctions is given in terms of fundamental modes of the electron-pair motion.
Bifurcation from semi-trivial standing waves and ground states for a system of nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Creators: name: Colin, Mathieu
name: Ohta, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a system of nonlinear Schrödinger equations related to the Raman amplification in a plasma. We study the orbital stability and instability of standing waves bifurcating from the semi-trivial standing wave of the system. The stability and instability of the semi-trivial standing wave at the bifurcation point are also studied. Moreover, we determine the set of the ground states completely.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures
Environmental enteric dysfunction pathways and child stunting : a systematic review
Creators: name: Harper, Kaitlyn Mae
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Background. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is commonly defined as an acquired subclinical disorder of the small intestine, characterized by villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia. EED has been proposed to underlie stunted growth among children in developing countries. A collection of biomarkers, organized into distinct domains, has been used to measure different aspects of EED. Here, we examine whether these hypothesized relationships, among EED domains and between each domain and stunting, are supported by data from recent studies. Methodology. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL between January 1, 2010 and April 20, 2017. Information on study objective, design, population, location, biomarkers, and results were recorded, as well as qualitative and quantitative definitions of EED. Biomarkers were organized into five EED domains, and the number of studies that support or do not support relationships among domains and between each domain with stunting were summarized. Results. There was little evidence to support the pathway from intestinal permeability to microbial translocation and from microbial translocation to stunting, but stronger support existed for the link between intestinal inflammation and systemic inflammation and for intestinal inflammation and stunting. There was conflicting evidence for the pathways from intestinal damage to intestinal permeability and intestinal damage to stunting. Conclusions. These results suggest that certain EED biomarkers may require reconsideration, particularly those most difficult to measure, such as microbial translocation and intestinal permeability. We discuss several issues with currently used biomarkers and recommend further analysis of pathogen-induced changes to the intestinal microbiota as a pathway leading to stunting.
Reparametrization Invariance Constraints on Inclusive Decay Spectra and Masses
Creators: name: Manohar, Aneesh V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reparametrization invariance relations are determined for the inclusive decay spectra of heavy hadrons. They connect the leading order result to the lambda_1 term, and the lambda_2 and rho_2 terms, and imply that the lambda_1 and rho_2 terms in the total rate occur in the combinations 1+lambda_1/(2m_Q^2) and lambda_2-rho_2/m_Q. The relations are satisfied by the known results for the hadronic decay tensors for B -> X e nu, B -> X gamma and B -> X e+ e- decays. An interesting field-theory result, the connection between currents in full and effective theories and the change in currents under field redefinitions, is discussed. The hadron masses are given to order (Lambda_QCD)^3/m_Q^2 including radiative corrections, and provide an example illustrating the relation between renormalization and reparametrization invariance and mu-independence of 1/m_Q^3 corrections to physical quantities.
description: 8 pages
Surficial geology and geomorphology of Greg crater, Promethei Terra, Mars
Creators: name: Tsibulskaya, V.
name: Hepburn, A.J.
name: Hubbard, B.
name: Holt, T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Greg crater, located in Promethei Terra, Mars is a ∼66 km diameter impact crater. The crater has been widely studied, both in terms of its overall geomorphological evolution and, more specifically, its ice-rich landforms. One category of these, glacier-like forms, appears to be closely analogous to valley glaciers on Earth. However, Greg crater hosts many other features, the origins and inter-relationships between which are of continuing interest. Here, the surficial geology and geomorphology of Greg crater is presented, identifying seven distinct groups of terrain types or landforms. We identify and classify these based on their physical appearance, guided by published descriptions and interpretations to illustrate the wide variety of landforms and terrain types that, elsewhere, could be used to investigate landscape development.
Moments of an exponential functional of random walks and permutations with given descent sets
Creators: name: Szabados, Tamas
name: Szekely, Balazs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A05 (Primary), 05A19, 60C05 (Secondary)

description: The exponential functional of simple, symmetric random walks with negative drift is an infinite polynomial $Y = 1 + ξ_1 + ξ_1 ξ_2 + ξ_1 ξ_2 ξ_3 + ...$ of independent and identically distributed non-negative random variables. It has moments that are rational functions of the variables $μ_k = \ev(ξ^k) < 1$ with universal coefficients. It turns out that such a coefficient is equal to the number of permutations with descent set defined by the multiindex of the coefficient. A recursion enumerates all numbers of permutations with given descent sets in the form of a Pascal-type triangle.
description: 8 pages
Geology of the High Sillaro Valley (Northern Apennines of Italy)
Creators: name: Panini, Filippo
name: Bettelli, Giuseppe
name: Carlini, Mirko
name: Fioroni, Chiara
name: Nirta, Giuseppe
name: Remitti, Francesca
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We map the High Sillaro Valley, in the Northern Apennines of Italy. Here the Ligurian wedge overthrust the foredeep deposits of the Marnoso Arenacea formation – MA. The overthrusting occurred through a shear zone with components derived from the frontal part of the Ligurian wedge and interpreted as a tectonic mélange (Sestola-Vidiciatico Tectonic unit - SVU) here subdivided into two different subunits structurally independent one from the other. In the area, the Visignano chaotic body (VIS) constitutes an intercalation within the Serravallian-Tortonian MA and derives, as the SVU, from the frontal part of the Ligurian wedge. We performed a detailed investigation of the components of the VIS that helps to better define the architecture of the frontal part of the Ligurian wedge and to constrain the timing of the deformation phases affecting this portion of the Northern Apennines during the middle-late Miocene.