cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: David Pyott: The Battle for Allergan (A)
Creators: name: Peterson, Randall
name: Duke, Lisa
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: This case series charts the evolution of the hostile battle for Allergan and its ultimate sale to a white knight, Actavis. David Pyott had been the CEO of Allergan since January 1998; only the third CEO in the company's 60-year-plus history. Allergan was primarily known for Botox, the aesthetic anti-wrinkle product, but the company, which had started out in eye care, had developed Botox into a US$2 billion multipurpose drug. By 2014 the company, which enjoyed double-digit growth, had over 11,000 employees, sold its products in 100 countries and had 40 direct-selling subsidiaries. The business mix included eye care, neurosciences, medical aesthetics, medical dermatology, breast aesthetics and urologics. R&D was the backbone of the company and it had strong cash reserves. In April 2014 it came as a shock to Pyott and the Allergan board to learn that that pharma company Valeant, in partnership with Pershing Square Capital Management, had announced its intention to make a hostile takeover of Allergan. The ensuing battle was hostile, attracting media interest, hostile and supportive stories in the papers, and games to force Allergan into negotiating a sale. Tricks included hacking emails in an attempt to find out information on the fight team's strategy and moves. Pyott and the board had managed to drive up the share price over several months in their attempt to keep Allergan independent. In November 2014, a Californian judge accepted Valeant/Pershing Square's demand that shareholders should be allowed to vote on its bid. Case A follows the battle from the initial announcement to the court judgement. Case B then illustrates what happened next. Pyott and the 'fights' team realised that they were not able to keep Allergan independent and looked for a white knight to make a higher bid for the company. They successfully identified and negotiated with Actavis, a fellow pharma company. The sale was announced later in November. While Allergan no longer remained an independent company, a short time later Actavis announced it was changing the name of the company to Allergan, rather than simply absorbing Allergan into the Actavis name.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-16-001
Comparative determination of cefotaxime and desacetyl cefotaxime in serum and bile by bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography
Creators: name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Strehl, E.
name: Seeger, K.
name: Seidel, G.
name: Dominiak, P.
name: Grobecker, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Adult
subject: Animals
subject: Bile/analysis
subject: Biological Assay/methods
subject: Cefotaxime
subject: Cephalosporins/blood
subject: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
subject: Humans
subject: Male
subject: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
subject: Rats

description: In rat serum as well as in human serum and bile after injection of cefotaxime (CTX), the parent compound and the active metabolite desacetyl cefotaxime (dCTX) have been demonstrated by quantitative analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Simultaneous determination of CTX by bioassay using test organisms sensitive to both CTX and dCTX resulted in spuriously high concentration readings of CTX. Using dCTX insensitive test organisms concentrations of cefotaxime obtained by agar diffusion test and by assay with HPLC were highly correlated. In human serum and bile after i.v. injection of 2 g CTX, as may be administered therapeutically, high concentrations of dCTX were observed. dCTX has a longer elimination half-life than the parent molecule. It is concluded that the measurement of CTX in biological fluids should be performed by HPLC or by bioassay with a selective test organism in order to obtain correct pharmacokinetic parameters.
Il Governo dell’Aiuto. La Russia e l’evoluzione delle politiche di Aiuti e di Sanzioni
Creators: name: Pellicciari, Igor
Publisher: name: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche
Year: 2019

description: Vengono disegnati in queste pagine i caratteri e le finalità della politica di Aiuti e Sanzioni posta in essere dalla Russia negli ultimi decenni, secondo una interpretazione assolutamente innovativa rispetto alla loro accezione originaria, che postula un avvicinamento dei due strumenti tale da consentire loro di «agire in sinergia; polarità opposte di una stessa logica che ha come obiettivo l’obbligazione politica a vantaggio rispettivamente del Donatore e/o Sanzionatore». Conseguentemente «da strumento eccezionale da usare in casi limite, le Sanzioni sono divenute mezzo di governo regolare e di routine della politica estera. Come nel caso degli aiuti, il ricorso ad esse, da estrema ratio dell’azione internazionale dello Stato Nazione, è passato a prima scelta diplomatica di Mosca».

This work examines the characters and aims of the Russian Aid and Sanctions policy in the last decades, according to a brand new interpretation that considers a rapprochement between the two instruments to «act in synergy; opposite polarities of the same logic that has as its objective the political obligation to the advantage of the Donor and / or Sanctioner respectively». Consequently, «from an exceptional instrument to use in extreme cases, the Sanctions have become a mean of regular and routine government of foreign policy. As in the case of aids, the appeal to them, from the extreme rationale of the international action of the State Nation, is passed to the first diplomatic choice of Moscow».
description: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche, V. 69, N. 1-2 (2018)
Kinematics of trajectories in classical mechanics
Creators: name: Shaikh, Rajibul
name: Kar, Sayan
name: DasGupta, Anirvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we show how the study of kinematics of a family of trajectories of a classical mechanical system may be unified within the framework of analysis of geodesic flows in Riemannian geometry and Relativity. After setting up the general formalism, we explore it through studies on various one and two dimensional systems. Quantities like expansion, shear and rotation (ESR), which are more familiar to the relativist, now re-appear while studying such families of trajectories in configuration space, in very simple mechanical systems. The convergence/divergence of a family of trajectories during the course of time evolution, the shear and twist of the area enclosing the family, and the focusing/defocusing of the trajectories within a finite time are investigated analytically for these systems. The understanding of the configuration space developed through such investigations is elaborated upon, and possible future avenues are pointed out.
description: 31 pages, 16 figures, revised version
title: M-Pesa & Nick Hughes
Creators: name: Chandy, Rajesh
name: Duke, Lisa
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: It was February 2009, and Nick Hughes, head of Global Payment Solutions at Vodafone, contemplated his notes as he waited to enter the company's Executive Meeting at its headquarters in Newbury, amid the Berkshire countryside outside London. M-PESA (M for mobile, Pesa meaning 'money' in Swahili), Vodafone's mobile money payments service- had grown exponentially the previous two years; far beyond he or anyone else had imagined. What had begun as a corporate social responsibility project was now a much heralded story of financial innovation, offering financial services to millions of 'unbanked' customers. Safaricom, Vodafone's Kenyan affiliate, planned to increase the range of services developing beyond payments into other financial products, while the M-Pesa service had been rolled out to Tanzania and Afghanistan, where it was gaining momentum. Vodafone had multiple options as to what to do next with M-PESA. They could further tap the three country markets in which they were currently offering the service, for example by creating new services or expanding their customer base within these markets. Or they could develop new markets, by launching the core M-PESA service in other countries. The success in Kenya suggested that further roll-outs were attractive but where? Vodafone's existing business footprint was expanding but was not extensive and focused mainly on Europe rather than in developing countries. Regulation was a stumbling block in some markets; India being one example where regulators had ruled that only licensed banks could issue 'electronic money'. Some Vodafone executives were suggesting that the services could be introduced in Europe, Vodafone's home region, where it had a direct customer base of over 100 million existing customers. This, though, would fundamentally change the nature of the service from one targeting the unbanked. Alternatively, as a non-core business stream, Vodafone could spin off the service.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-11-010
Foreign Aid and Cultural Diplomacy. Challenges and Opportunities in the New World (Dis) Order
Creators: name: Pellicciari, Igor
Publisher: name: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche
Year: 2019

description: ‭‭⁪(Non disponibile)
description: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche, V. 69, N. 1-2 (2018)
title: Nestle and the Multi-beverage Machine Market (A)
Creators: name: Markides, Costas
name: Winig, Laura
name: Oyon, Daniel
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Nestle is considering whether to introduce a new multi-beverage coffee machine positioned for the mass market. The decision is complicated by the fact that Nestle already has a successful coffee machine (called Nespresso), that is positioned at the high-end of the market and has a best-selling instant coffee brand (ie, Nescafe) positioned for the mass market. The (A) case addresses the questions: (1) given the existing crowded coffee-machine market and Nestle's own position at the top-end of this market (with its Nespresso machine), should the new machine (targeting the mass market) be introduced? and (2) if it is, what should be its positioning to allow it to differentiate itself not only relative to its existing competitors but also relative to two other Nestle brands - Nescafe and Nespresso? Should it be launched under the Nespresso or Nescafe brand name (or neither)? and how could Nestle avoid potential cannibalisation of its Nespresso and / or Nescafe sales?
description: LBS Case Code: CS-08-001
The multifaceted planetesimal formation process
Creators: name: Johansen, Anders
name: Blum, Jürgen
name: Tanaka, Hidekazu
name: Ormel, Chris
name: Bizzarro, Martin
name: Rickman, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accumulation of dust and ice particles into planetesimals is an important step in the planet formation process. Planetesimals are the seeds of both terrestrial planets and the solid cores of gas and ice giants forming by core accretion. Left-over planetesimals in the form of asteroids, trans-Neptunian objects and comets provide a unique record of the physical conditions in the solar nebula. Debris from planetesimal collisions around other stars signposts that the planetesimal formation process, and hence planet formation, is ubiquitous in the Galaxy. The planetesimal formation stage extends from micrometer-sized dust and ice to bodies which can undergo run-away accretion. The latter ranges in size from 1 km to 1000 km, dependent on the planetesimal eccentricity excited by turbulent gas density fluctuations. Particles face many barriers during this growth, arising mainly from inefficient sticking, fragmentation and radial drift. Two promising growth pathways are mass transfer, where small aggregates transfer up to 50% of their mass in high-speed collisions with much larger targets, and fluffy growth, where aggregate cross sections and sticking probabilities are enhanced by a low internal density. A wide range of particle sizes, from mm to 10 m, concentrate in the turbulent gas flow. Overdense filaments fragment gravitationally into bound particle clumps, with most mass entering planetesimals of contracted radii from 100 to 500 km, depending on local disc properties. We propose a hybrid model for planetesimal formation where particle growth starts unaided by self-gravity but later proceeds inside gravitationally collapsing pebble clumps to form planetesimals with a wide range of sizes.
description: Final version of chapter in Protostars and Planets VI, University of Arizona Press (2014), eds. H. Beuther, R. Klessen, C. Dullemond, Th. Henning
Ceftazidime: pharmacokinetics in young volunteers versus elderly patients and therapeutic efficacy with complicated urinary tract infections
Creators: name: Naber, K. G.
name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Grobecker, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Bacterial Infections/drug therapy
subject: Ceftazidime
subject: Cephalosporins/therapeutic use
subject: Female
subject: Half-Life
subject: Humans
subject: Kinetics
subject: Male
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy

description: Thirty-six urological patients (21 male, 15 female) aged 21 to 83 years with complicated and/or hospital-acquired urinary tract infections due to sensitive bacteria were treated with ceftazidime intravenously with a daily dose of 2 g bd over 5 to 17 days. Twenty-seven patients were followed for 1 to 4 weeks after therapy. Cure was observed in 41%, reinfection in 33% and relapse in 26% of the patients. Eradication of the original pathogen occurred in 74%. Five patients showed minor side effects: diarrhoea (2), nausea (1), rash (1), headache (1). No signs of renal, hepatic or haematological toxicity were observed. A pharmacokinetic study was performed in 13 elderly patients aged 63 to 83 years on day 1 of treatment and in 6 volunteers aged 24 to 32 years following administration of 2 g of ceftazidime as short intravenous infusion. The mean serum half life in 12 patients 2.9 h significantly higher than in volunteers (1.75 h). Serum concentrations in patients on day 7 of treatment, however, showed no accumulation when treated with a dosage of 2 g bd.
title: Changing the Fortunes of E.ON's Corporate Customer Business (C)
Creators: name: Jacobides, Michael
name: Merrick, Adrian
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: This case details UK energy supplier E.ON's business turnaround from 2008. The company operated generation, distribution and retail businesses, with separately run sales and customer service operations. Following the departure of the heads of the sales and the customer service divisions, Adrian Merrick was tasked with bringing the two areas of the business together, running corporates as an end-to-end business and dealing with the issues faced by the business as a whole. In essence, this entailed resolving three key questions: What was the right strategy for E.ON in the corporates market? How could profitability be improved in the short term? How could the steady increase in debt be stopped?
description: LBS Case Code: CS-11-043
Circulating and tissue catecholamines in rats with chronic neurogenic hypertension
Creators: name: Dominiak, P.
name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Grobecker, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Adrenal Glands/metabolism
subject: Adrenal Medulla/metabolism
subject: Animals
subject: Blood Pressure
subject: Carotid Sinus/innervation
subject: Epinephrine/blood
subject: Heart Rate
subject: Hypertension/blood
subject: Male
subject: Myocardium/metabolism
subject: Norepinephrine/blood
subject: Pressoreceptors/physiopathology
subject: Rats
subject: Rats, Inbred Strains
subject: Sympathectomy

description: To study the role of peripheral catecholamines in plasma and different tissues in neurogenic hypertension we measured directly blood pressure, maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (dp/dtmax) and heart rate through an aortic catheter 5 weeks after total sino-aortic baroreceptor deafferentation in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood samples were collected through the same catheter to determine plasma catecholamine concentrations. Blood pressure and dp/dtmax were significantly higher in neurogenic-hypertensive rats when compared with sham operated rats. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations and plasma adrenaline concentrations reached significantly higher levels in neurogenic-hypertensive rats. In the heart noradrenaline content was lower (when calculated per g wet weight) and in the adrenal medulla adrenaline content was higher in neurogenic-hypertensive rats, when compared with sham operated controls. A significant positive correlation was found between dp/dtmax and plasma noradrenaline concentrations. It is concluded that sino-aortic baroreceptor deafferentation produces a significant chronic hypertension, probably supported by elevated plasma catecholamine concentrations and enhanced synthesis and release of adrenaline from adrenal medulla.
Sympathoadrenal dysfunction in rats with chronic neurogenic hypertension
Creators: name: Dominiak, P.
name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Grobecker, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Adrenal Glands/physiopathology
subject: Animals
subject: Blood Pressure
subject: Carotid Sinus/innervation
subject: Catecholamines/analysis
subject: Denervation
subject: Hypertension/physiopathology
subject: Myocardium/analysis
subject: Pressoreceptors/physiology
subject: Rats
subject: Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology

description: Compared to sham-operated controls 5 weeks after surgery neurogenic hypertensive rats with sino-aortic baroreceptor deafferentation had higher blood pressure, higher plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels, lower heart noradrenaline concentrations, higher adrenomedullary adrenaline levels and increased cardiac intraventricular pressure (dp/dtmax).
Survey of vector-like fermion extensions of the Standard Model and their phenomenological implications
Creators: name: Ellis, Sebastian A. R.
name: Godbole, Rohini M.
name: Gopalakrishna, Shrihari
name: Wells, James D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the renewed interest in vector-like fermion extensions of the Standard Model, we present here a study of multiple vector-like theories and their phenomenological implications. Our focus is mostly on minimal flavor conserving theories that couple the vector-like fermions to the SM gauge fields and mix only weakly with SM fermions so as to avoid flavor problems. We present calculations for precision electroweak and vector-like state decays, which are needed to investigate compatibility with currently known data. We investigate the impact of vector-like fermions on Higgs boson production and decay, including loop contributions, in a wide variety of vector-like extensions and their parameter spaces.
description: 43 pages, 17 figures; v2: text modified to improve readability, references added, journal version
New approaches to SNe Ia progenitors
Creators: name: Ruiz-Lapuente, Pilar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are a major tool in cosmology and play a key role in the chemical evolution of galaxies, the nature of their progenitor systems (apart from the fact that they must contain at least one white dwarf, that explodes) remains largely unknown. In the last decade, considerable efforts have been made, both observationally and theoretically, to solve this problem. Observations have, however, revealed a previously unsuspected variety of events, ranging from very underluminous outbursts to clearly overluminous ones, and spanning a range well outside the peak luminosity--decline rate of the light curve relationship, used to make calibrated candles of the SNe Ia. On the theoretical side, new explosion scenarios, such as violent mergings of pairs of white dwarfs, have been explored. We review those recent developments, emphasizing the new observational findings, but also trying to tie them to the different scenarios and explosion mechanisms proposed thus far.
description: 63 pages, 9 figures, final version to appear as an invited review in New Astronomy Reviews
title: Brand Value and Valuation - Technical Note
Creators: name: Tavassoli, Nader
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Brand valuation is the process of estimating the financial value of a brand. The valuation of brands as intangible assets emerged in the 1980s, when brands were first capitalized on post-M&A balance sheets. Brands are also valued for non-reporting purposes
description: LBS Case Code: TCN-001-20
High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of mezlocillin, piperacillin, their degradation products, and of ioxitalamic acid in plasma and urine of healthy volunteers
Creators: name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Naber, K. G.
name: Bartoschik-Wich, B.
name: Stockmann, P.
name: Meyer, G. P.
name: Grobecker, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Adult
subject: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Iothalamic Acid/urine
subject: Kinetics
subject: Male
subject: Mezlocillin/urine
subject: Piperacillin/urine

description: In plasma and urine of 10 healthy volunteers after intravenous administration of 4 g mezlocillin and piperacillin, respectively, the parent compounds as well as degradation products were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ioxitalamic acid, a renal contrast medium, was administered simultaneously, in order to measure the glomerular filtration rate, and to control the collection of 24-h urine. As metabolite of mezlocillin the corresponding penicilloic acid only was found, whereas in the case of piperacillin a further degradation product was observed. Half of the doses given was recovered in the urine as unchanged drugs, and in addition 5-10% as metabolites. No differences were found in the pharmacokinetic behaviour of both antibiotics.
Integrating Information Technology in Healthcare: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Future Prospects for Urban and Regional Health
Creators: name: Debnath, Shipu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The use of technology in healthcare has become increasingly popular in recent years, with the potential to improve how healthcare is delivered, patient outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. This review paper provides an overview of how technology has been used in healthcare, particularly in cities and for personalized medicine. The paper discusses different ways technology is being used in healthcare, such as electronic health records, telemedicine, remote monitoring, medical imaging, wearable devices, and artificial intelligence. It also looks at the challenges and problems that come with using technology in healthcare, such as keeping patient data private and secure, making sure different technology systems can work together, and ensuring patients are comfortable using technology. In addition, the paper explores the potential of technology in healthcare, including improving how easily patients can get care, the quality of care they receive, and the cost of care. It also talks about how technology can help personalize care to individual patients. Finally, the paper summarizes the main points, makes recommendations for healthcare providers and policymakers, and suggests directions for future research. Overall, this review shows how technology can be used to improve healthcare, while also acknowledging the challenges that come with using technology in this way.
Geometric scaling of Efimov states in a $^{6}\textrm{Li}$-$^{133}\textrm{Cs}$ mixture
Creators: name: Tung, Shih-Kuang
name: Jimenez-Garcia, Karina
name: Johansen, Jacob
name: Parker, Colin V.
name: Chin, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In few-body physics, Efimov states are an infinite series of three-body bound states that obey universal discrete scaling symmetry when pairwise interactions are resonantly enhanced. Despite abundant reports of Efimov states in recent cold atom experiments, direct observation of the discrete scaling symmetry remains an elusive goal. Here we report the observation of three consecutive Efimov resonances in a heteronuclear Li-Cs mixture near a broad interspecies Feshbach resonance. The positions of the resonances closely follow a geometric series $1$, $λ$, $λ^2$. The observed scaling constant $λ_{\rm exp} = 4.9(4)$ is in good agreement with the predicted value of 4.88.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures including supplemental material
title: Twisterden Pricing a go-to-market strategy - Compact Case
Creators: name: Bertini, Marco
name: Koenigsberg, Oded
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: English wine has come a long way. In Britain, sweet and poorer quality wines dominated the palates of the 1970s, when domestic producers were almost nowhere to be seen. Today, the range of wine available to British households is global and local wineries have grown to take market share with increasingly sophisticated offerings.
description: LBS Case Code: CCS-21-004
title: Clarasys: Born Agile by Taking Groups Seriously
Creators: name: Peterson, Randall
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: In March 2015, London-based management consultancy Clarasys found itself in crisis. Established in 2011, the company had experienced consistent growth since foundation and had expanded staffing levels to service new business accordingly. But it was still in start-up phase and a perfect storm of events had suddenly hit the firm: two potential growth projects were unexpectedly shelved, meaning almost 50% of consultants were no longer on billable client projects, and the company accountants admitted to having made a serious mistake in VAT payments, which meant Clarasys had to make a double payment, for two yearss's VAT returns, at the same time.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-19-016
Skin tissue fluid levels of cefotiam in healthy man following oral cefotiam hexetil
Creators: name: Korting, H. C.
name: Schäfer-Korting, M.
name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Lukacs, A.
name: Grobecker, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Administration, Oral
subject: Adult
subject: Blister/metabolism
subject: Body Fluids/metabolism
subject: Cefotiam/pharmacology
subject: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Injections, Intravenous
subject: Male
subject: Prodrugs/pharmacokinetics
subject: Protein Binding
subject: Random Allocation
subject: Skin/metabolism

description: Cefotiam hexetil is a pro-drug of cefotiam available for oral administration. To evaluate cefotiam concentrations at the active site in skin and soft-tissue infections, drug levels in skin suction blister fluid (SBF), cantharides blister fluid (CBF) and serum were determined. Six healthy subjects received oral cefotiam 400 mg as cefotiam hexetil. On an other day 200 mg was injected intravenously. Following the oral dose, the bioavailability of cefotiam was 45.5%, and the maximum concentration in serum of 2.6 mg.l-1 was obtained at 2.1 h. Peak concentrations in both types of blister fluid (0.9 mg.l-1) were significantly lower than after the iv dose (SBF 1.4 mg.l-1, CBF 1.5 mg.l-1), and the peak levels occurred later (3.3 versus 1.5 h in CBF). Despite the delay, the extent of penetration was about 100% following either mode of administration (SBF, iv dose 112%, oral dose 117%). The cefotiam level in skin blister fluids declined significantly more slowly than the serum level. Following the oral dose, the mean terminal half life was serum 0.8 h, SBF 2.6 h and CBF 4.6 h. Cefotiam concentrations in the blister fluids were close to the MIC90 of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermis and H. influenzae and exceeded the MIC90 of Streptococci, E. coli and Proteus mirabilis. Thus, the oral administration of cefotiam 400 mg t.i.d. should be curative in the majority of bacterial infections of the skin and soft-tissues.
Estimation in high dimensions: a geometric perspective
Creators: name: Vershynin, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G, 62F30, 52A23

description: This tutorial provides an exposition of a flexible geometric framework for high dimensional estimation problems with constraints. The tutorial develops geometric intuition about high dimensional sets, justifies it with some results of asymptotic convex geometry, and demonstrates connections between geometric results and estimation problems. The theory is illustrated with applications to sparse recovery, matrix completion, quantization, linear and logistic regression and generalized linear models.
description: 56 pages, 9 figures. Multiple minor changes
Storia dell’istituzione ospedaliera e degli antichi ospedali nella città di Urbino
Creators: name: Sisti, Maurizio
Publisher: name: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche
Year: 2019

description: Questo saggio nasce con il proposito di mettere ordine alle notizie, a mio modesto parere non troppo precise e spesso frammentarie, circa la storia degli ospedali della città di Urbino dal tredicesimo secolo fino agli anni Settanta. Sono descritte le vicende storiche che hanno portato alla istituzione dei primi ricoveri ospedalieri e di mendicità solitamente presso le chiese e, successivamente, le cause che hanno indotto la Fraternità di S. Maria della Misericordia di Pian di Mercato di Urbino, fondata nel 1265, alla istituzione di un ospedale nella nostra Città, poi trasferito agli inizi del 1900 nell’ex monastero di S. Chiara e infine negli anni Settanta in località il Padiglione dove si trova attualmente. Il saggio aveva trovato la sua prima sede editoriale in VIVARTE, rivista edita dalla Associazione culturale “L’Arte in Arte” di Urbino, nata nel mese di giugno del 2007 con il primo numero cartaceo di bella carta e di bella impaginazione in bianco e nero. La rivista si occupa di Arte, Letteratura, Musica, Storia e Scienza e di tutte le varie vicende della vita dell’uomo che in qualche modo sono rappresentate anche da capolavori interdisciplinari come quelli di Paolo Uccello o Piero Della Francesca, dove la prospettiva coniuga arte e geometria e vita dei tempi. Attualmente la rivista viene pubblicata on-line (www.urbinovivarte.com).

The aim of this manuscript is to clarify the events that led to the creation of the first hospital and the shelters for beggars of the city of Urbino from the thirteenth century until the seventies. The historical events that led to the institution of the first hospital and beggary, usually in the churches, are described, and subsequently the causes that led the Fraternity of S. Maria della Misericordia di Pian di Mercato di Urbino, founded in 1265, to the institution of a hospital in our City, successively transferred to the early monastery of S. Chiara in the early 1900s and, finally, in the Seventies in the locality of Padiglione where it is currently located. The essay was first published in “VIVARTE”, a journal born in June 2007 and edited by “L’Arte in Arte” (Cultural Association) of Urbino in a first black-and-white version. The journal deals with Art, Literature, Music, History, Science and all the various events of human life that are in some way represented by interdisciplinary masterpieces, such as those of Paolo Uccello or Piero Della Francesca. The journal is published online (www.urbinovivarte.com).
description: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche, V. 69, N. 1-2 (2018)
Gauge Theories in Noncommutative Homogeneous Kähler Manifolds
Creators: name: Maeda, Yoshiaki
name: Sako, Akifumi
name: Suzuki, Toshiya
name: Umetsu, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D55, 81R60

description: We construct a gauge theory on a noncommutative homogeneous Kähler manifold, where we employ the deformation quantization with separation of variables for Kähler manifolds formulated by Karabegov. A key point in this construction is to obtaining vector fields which act as inner derivations for the deformation quantization. We show that these vector fields are the only Killing vector fields. We give an explicit construction of this gauge theory on noncommutative ${\mathbb C}P^N$ and noncommutative ${\mathbb C}H^N$.
description: 27 pages, typos corrected
title: Two worlds colliding: Nursing students speaking up for patient safety in rural healthcare settings
Creators: name: Fagan, Anthea
Publisher: name: University of Southern Queensland
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nursing Students
subject: Patient safety
subject: Speaking up
subject: Clinical placement
subject: moral dilemma
subject: dissonance
classificationCode: 420599
subject: Nursing not elsewhere classified

description: During clinical placement nursing students may observe clinical practices that breach safety standards. Students are often perceived as inferior and struggle to belong as a health care team member. This creates uncertainty for students about situations where they feel they need to speak up to prevent patient harm. The difficulties are amplified in rural contexts due to the lack of structured support, a lack of education resources, and the absence of the multidisciplinary team at the site. Through an Interpretive Description lens this study aimed to create practice-based solutions that enable students to speak up without fear. This study began with a rigorous review and analysis of the concept of speaking up for students. A two-phased sequential data collection process involved twelve in-depth interviews and six focus groups with students to examine their perceptions, experiences and influences on speaking up during rural placement. The participants were recruited from two universities who completed a placement in rural and regional clinical placement settings. The findings revealed that students encounter a complex alienating culture that undermines their psychological safety and compromises their ability to speak up. Students are conflicted when witnessing breaches in policy and practice and are confused when health care staff justify their unsafe practices. Students speaking up behaviours correlate with experiences they have during placement. Learning to speak up is complex and the trajectory to becoming confident and competent is not clear-cut. The ability and willingness to speak up is influenced by underlying intricacies relating to people and the workplace culture. Students become aware of potential risks associated with speaking up, gaining a sense of agency and developing strategies to mitigate risk. The complex nature of the placement setting and diversity in patient safety curricula creates challenges for students to speak up in practice. Nursing students are the future healthcare workforce who need to be valued and included in the safety culture to feel psychologically safe and have a sense of agency, enabling them to voice their concerns and contribute to preventing patient harm.
Pharmakokinetik von Cefixim bei Probanden und ein Literaturvergleich mit neuen Ester Prodrug Cephalosporinen [Pharmacokinetics of cefixime in volunteers and a literature comparison with the new ester prodrug cephalosporins]
Creators: name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Naber, K. G.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Administration, Oral
subject: Adult
subject: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics
subject: Biological Availability
subject: Cefixime
subject: Cefotaxime/pharmacokinetics
subject: Cephalosporins/pharmacokinetics
subject: Esters
subject: Female
subject: Half-Life
subject: Humans
subject: Male
subject: Molecular Structure
subject: Prodrugs/pharmacokinetics
subject: Solutions
subject: Suspensions
subject: Tablets

description: The pharmacokinetic parameters of cefixime were determined in healthy volunteers following oral administration of 200 mg cefixime as tablet, syrup and dry suspension, respectively. All three galenic formulations showed reliable absorption. Mean peak plasma concentrations amounted to 2.4-3.4 mg/l and were reached after 3.3-3.5 h. Mean terminal half-lives were 2.9-3.1 h. The mean areas under the plasma concentration-time curves ranged between 18 and 26 mg/l.h; 18-24% of the dose administered were recovered unchanged in the urine. The best bioavailability was obtained with the dry suspension followed by the tablet and the syrup. With respect to the ester pro-drug cephalosporins, cefuroxime axetil, cefetamet pivoxyl and cefotiam hexetil, cefixime exhibits higher plasma half-life and area under the curve as well as, comparable absolute bioavailability but consistently lower urinary recovery which indicates higher non-renal clearance.
Effect of ketanserin on hemodynamics, plasma-catecholamine concentrations, and serotonin uptake by platelets in volunteers and patients with congestive heart failure
Creators: name: Grobecker, H.
name: Gessler, I.
name: Delius, W.
name: Dominiak, P.
name: Kees, Frieder K.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Aged
subject: Blood Platelets/metabolism
subject: Catecholamines/blood
subject: Dopamine/metabolism
subject: Female
subject: Heart Failure/physiopathology
subject: Hemodynamics/drug effects
subject: Humans
subject: Ketanserin
subject: Male
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Norepinephrine/metabolism
subject: Piperidines/pharmacology
subject: Serotonin/blood
subject: Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
subject: Stroke Volume/drug effects
subject: Vascular Resistance/drug effects

description: Ketanserin, which preferentially blocks 5-HT2-serotonergic receptors, was injected intravenously (i.v.) to patients with congestive heart failure in a bolus dose of 10 mg, followed by an i.v. infusion of 3 mg/h over a period of 4 h. The drug caused a decrease in total peripheral resistance and, conversely, an increase in stroke volume. Right atrial and pulmonary artery pressures were decreased. Plasma noradrenaline rose twofold over the basal levels shortly after injection, but showed a distinct fall 2 h after beginning of the treatment. The concentrations of ketanserin in plasma after bolus injection approximated 100-150 ng/ml. The sympathoneuronal and sympathoadrenal reaction during tilting were increased after i.v. injection of 10 mg ketanserin in volunteers. The noradrenaline and adrenaline levels in plasma rose significantly more when compared with values before the injection of the drug. In vitro as well as in vivo ketanserin exerts a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the active transport of serotonin and catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline) into human platelets. Considering platelets as a model of the sympathetic neurons, the inhibition of reuptake of catecholamines by ketanserin could contribute to the observed increase in circulating catecholamines after injection of the drug.
title: The Strategic Transformation of Royal Philips
Creators: name: Vermeulen, Freek
name: de Jong, Ronald
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: In April 2011, Dutch multinational Royal Philips, one of the most iconic companies in the country, decided to disrupt itself and transform from a diversified industrial conglomerate to a focused player in Health Technology. The case describes the first decade (2011-2021) of the strategic transformation in terms of refocusing the business portfolio, the new business model and, most of all, the efforts of top management to transform Philips' internal organisation in terms of structure, culture and systems. The first case author was a member of the executive board of Philips during the entire decade, working closely with the CEO, Frans van Houten, to effect the huge transformation. In addition to the author's personal experience as a senior executive with the firm, the case is based on numerous interviews with other members of the executive board, including van Houten.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-21-011
title: TrueLayer: Innovation, regulation and the future of financial services
Creators: name: Birkinshaw, Julian
name: Mark, Ken
name: Lalji, Farhan
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: In April 2021, having just raised $70 million in a Series D funding, Francesco Simoneschi, Co-Founder and CEO of TrueLayer, was thinking about expansion plans. Should the company focus on product innovation, broadening its line-up within the 13 countries in which it operated, or should it look to grow beyond its European base? In the five years since its founding in July 2016, the TrueLayer team had made significant progress, winning customers and opening up new markets. Now they needed to chart the next stage of their growth. In 2018 European regulators had mandated banks to allow customers more control over their bank data, hence the general term “open banking”. The directive had come after years of debate about how best to introduce innovation and lower costs for consumers. The challenge for incumbent banks was that they earned a large proportion of their income from transaction and other fees. Naturally, they were reluctant to embrace the concept of open banking. Moreover, it was not common for consumers to switch banks.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-22-008
Tensor to scalar ratio and large scale power suppression from pre-slow roll initial conditions
Creators: name: Lello, Louis
name: Boyanovsky, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study corrections to the power spectra of curvature and tensor perturbations and the tensor-to-scalar ratio in single field slow roll inflation due to initial conditions imprinted by a fast-roll stage prior to slow roll. For a wide range of initial inflaton kinetic energy, this stage lasts only a few e-folds and merges smoothly with slow-roll leading to non-Bunch-Davies initial conditions for modes that exit the Hubble radius during slow roll. We describe a program that yields the dynamics in the fast-roll stage while matching to the slow roll stage independent of the inflationary potentials. Corrections to the power spectra are encoded in a transfer function $\mathcal{T}_α(k)$. We obtain $\mathcal{T}_α(k)$ to leading order in a Born approximation valid for modes of observational relevance today. A fit yields $\mathcal{T}_α(k) =1+ A_αk^{-p}\cos[2πωk/H_{sr}+φ_α]$, with $1.5 \lesssim p \lesssim 2$, $ω\simeq 1$ and $H_{sr}$ the Hubble scale during slow roll inflation, where curvature and tensor perturbations feature the same $p,ω$ for a wide range of initial conditions. These corrections lead to both a suppression of the quadrupole and oscillatory features in both $P_R(k)$ and $r(k_0)$ with a period of the order of the Hubble scale during slow roll inflation. The results are independent of the specific inflationary potentials, depending solely on the ratio of kinetic to potential energy $κ$ and the slow roll parameters to leading order. For a wide range of $κ$ and the values of $ε_V;η_V$ corresponding to the upper bounds from Planck, we find that the low quadrupole is consistent with the results from Planck, and the oscillations in $r(k_0)$ could be observable if the modes corresponding to the quadrupole and the pivot scale crossed the Hubble radius a few e-folds after the onset of slow roll.
description: Updated references, comments on BICEP result 31 pages, 9 figs
Pharmacokinetics, in-vitro activity, therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety of aztreonam vs. cefotaxime in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections
Creators: name: Naber, K. G.
name: Dette, G. A.
name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Knothe, H.
name: Grobecker, H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Aztreonam/therapeutic use
subject: Cefotaxime/therapeutic use
subject: Cross Infection/microbiology
subject: Female
subject: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects
subject: Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects
subject: Humans
subject: Inulin/metabolism
subject: Iothalamic Acid/metabolism
subject: Kinetics
subject: Male
subject: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Random Allocation
subject: Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology

description: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of aztreonam and cefotaxime were determined against 400 isolates from urological in-patients with complicated and/or hospital acquired urinary tract infections (UTI). Against the Gram-negative rods the activities of both antibiotics were comparable except for higher activity of aztreonam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pharmacokinetic study in nine elderly patients showed a prolonged plasma half life of aztreonam (2.7 h) as compared to younger volunteers (1.6-1.9 h). In a prospective randomized study 39 urological patients with complicated and/or hospital acquired UTI were treated with 1 g aztreonam or cefotaxime iv twice daily for 4 to 15 days. Cure was obtained in 5 out of 18 patients in the aztreonam and 7 out of 20 patients in the cefotaxime group. There were 3 superinfections, 7 relapses and 3 reinfections in the aztreonam group and 1 failure, 1 superinfection, 6 relapses and 5 reinfections in the cefotaxime group. There was no significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between the two antibiotics. Both antibiotics were tolerated well and seem to be equally effective in the treatment of complicated UTI caused by sensitive organisms.