cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The SAGEX Review on Scattering Amplitudes
Creators: name: Travaglini, Gabriele
name: Brandhuber, Andreas
name: Dorey, Patrick
name: McLoughlin, Tristan
name: Abreu, Samuel
name: Bern, Zvi
name: Bjerrum-Bohr, N. Emil J.
name: Blümlein, Johannes
name: Britto, Ruth
name: Carrasco, John Joseph M.
name: Chicherin, Dmitry
name: Chiodaroli, Marco
name: Damgaard, Poul H.
name: Del Duca, Vittorio
name: Dixon, Lance J.
name: Dorigoni, Daniele
name: Duhr, Claude
name: Geyer, Yvonne
name: Green, Michael B.
name: Herrmann, Enrico
name: Heslop, Paul
name: Johansson, Henrik
name: Korchemsky, Gregory P.
name: Kosower, David A.
name: Mason, Lionel
name: Monteiro, Ricardo
name: O'Connell, Donal
name: Papathanasiou, Georgios
name: Plante, Ludovic
name: Plefka, Jan
name: Puhm, Andrea
name: Raclariu, Ana-Maria
name: Roiban, Radu
name: Schneider, Carsten
name: Trnka, Jaroslav
name: Vanhove, Pierre
name: Wen, Congkao
name: White, Chris D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is an introduction to, and invitation to read, a series of review articles on scattering amplitudes in gauge theory, gravity, and superstring theory. Our aim is to provide an overview of the field, from basic aspects to a selection of current (2022) research and developments.
description: 15 pages, overview article. v3: journal version
Assessment of STC Conversion Methods under Outdoor Test Conditions
Creators: name: Pó, J.M.
name: Los, A.
name: Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3458-3462
description: In this paper we analyze the applicability of the IEC 60891 – Procedures for temperature and irradiance
corrections to measured I–V characteristics – for translations to the Standard Test Condition (STC), in a broader range of
irradiances than recommended in the norm. We focus on the 1st and 2nd procedures of the norm, as these were found
more suitable for translations to STC for our measurements, than the 3rd method. For the evaluation we make use of an
outdoor near-shore roof-site in The Hague (The Netherlands), with a comprehensive set of calibrated instruments, to
measure in-plane spectral and broadband irradiance, as well as individual I–V curves for two different modules (c-Si and
mc-Si). We use 3 criteria in order to further select the data: 1) linearity between the measured irradiance (G) and the
short-circuit current (ISC), 2) using correction parameters or not, and 3) self-referencing of the PV device. The criteria are
used to define 4 case studies.
The results were similar for both modules and both, 1st and 2nd, conversion methods of the norm. The irradiance is
not limiting the accuracy of the conversion if only highly correlated values for ISC vs. G are used. Best results were found
for correlations of 0.98 or better, yielding accuracies below 3% for both STC conversion methods. Translations with good
accuracy were also found by self-referencing the PV devices. We conclude that by proper data selection, the irradiance
range specified in the correction method of the norm can be extended.
New Laser-DSR Facility at PTB: Concept for a Next Generation High Accuracy Primary Calibration Facility
Creators: name: Winter, S.
name: Fey, T.
name: Friedrich, D.
name: Kröger, I.
name: Von Volkmann, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3466-3468
description: A completely new designed facility for the primary calibration of reference solar cells is constructed
and built up at PTB. The new facility bases on the successful DSR method (Differential Spectral Responsivity), that
allows the determination of the absolute spectral responsivity and nonlinearity of the solar cell with lowest
uncertainties. By using tunable Lasers the new setup avoids the main problem of the monochromator based systems,
the low optical power level of the monochromatic beam. With the realization of this new concept the PTB will meet
the needs of PV industry concerning a significant reduction of measurement uncertainties.
Teaching creativity to undergraduate engineering students
Creators: name: Dolmansley, Tim
name: Prisutova, Jevgenija
name: Tarnowski, Keith
name: MASCARENAS, OSCAR
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3603
subject: Music

description: Over the recent years, it has become more and more apparent that creativity is a skill equally important for both technical and artistic careers. However, methods for teaching creativity that work for arts students are not always appropriate for engineering students. The present study outlines the adaptation of a creativity development session from an artistic degree curriculum (Mascareñas, 2019), to make it suitable for teaching to engineering students. The session was run three times with 1st and 2nd year engineering students at a Russell Group university in the north of England, and both qualitative and quantitative feedback was collected from students after the session. The main findings indicate the importance of a trusting relationship between students and the educator, the need for balance between delivering a memorable experience and offering support, and the significance of subsequent reflection.
Baryons and the Borromeo
Creators: name: Roberts, Craig D.
name: Segovia, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kernels in the tangible matter of our everyday experience are composed of light quarks. At least, they are light classically; but they don't remain light. Dynamical effects within the Standard Model of Particle Physics change them in remarkable ways, so that in some configurations they appear nearly massless, but in others possess masses on the scale of light nuclei. Modern experiment and theory are exposing the mechanisms responsible for these remarkable transformations. The rewards are great if we can combine the emerging sketches into an accurate picture of confinement, which is such a singular feature of the Standard Model; and looming larger amongst the emerging ideas is a perspective that leads to a Borromean picture of the proton and its excited states.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of the ECT* Workshop: "Nucleon Resonances: From Photoproduction to High Photon Virtualities", 12-16 October 2015, based upon the ECT* Colloquium delivered during the meeting. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1509.08952, arXiv:1509.02925
3D-printed facet-attached optical elements for beam shaping in optical phased arrays
Creators: name: Singer, Stefan
name: Xu, Yilin
name: Skacel, Sebastian Tobias
name: Bao, Yiyang
name: Zwickel, Heiner
name: Maier, Pascal
name: Freter, Lukas
name: Dietrich, Philipp-Immanuel
name: Kaschel, Mathias
name: Menzel, Christoph
name: Randel, Sebastian
name: Freude, Wolfgang
name: Koos, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate an optical phased-array (OPA) equipped with a 3D-printed facet-attached element for shaping and deflection of the emitted beam. The beam shaper combines freeform refractive surfaces with total-internal-reflection (TIR) mirrors and is in-situ printed to edge-emitting waveguide facets using high-resolution multi-photon lithography, thereby ensuring precise alignment with respect to on-chip waveguide structures. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we achieve a grating-lobe free steering range of $\pm 30°$ and a full-width-halfmaximum (FWHM) beam divergence of approximately $2°$. The concept opens an attractive alternative to currently used grating structures and is applicable to a wide range of integration platforms.
Light Quark Spin Symmetry in $Z_b$ Resonances?
Creators: name: Voloshin, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that the recent Belle data, consistent with no activity in the spectrum of the $B^* \bar B + B \bar B^*$ pairs at the mass of the $Z_b(10650)$ resonance, imply that the part of the interaction between heavy mesons that depends on the total spin of the light quark and antiquark is strongly suppressed. In particular this part appears to be significantly weaker than can be inferred from pion exchange. If confirmed by future more detailed data, the symmetry with respect to the light quark spins, in combination with the heavy quark spin symmetry, would imply existence of four additional $I^G=1^-$ resonances at the thresholds for heavy meson-antimeson pairs.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Investigation on the Intensity Dependence of Upconversion Systems
Creators: name: Steinkemper, H.
name: Fischer, S.
name: Krämer, K.W.
name: Biner, D.
name: Hermle, M.
name: Goldschmidt, J.C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 424-428
description: Silicon solar cells lose about 20% of the energy of the solar spectrum due to sub-band-gap losses.
Upconversion (UC) materials, which generate one high-energy photon out of two or more low-energy photons, can
be used to minimize these losses and to significantly enhance the solar cell efficiency. Since UC is a non-linear
process, the quantum yield of an upconverter increases with increasing irradiance. In this paper, we investigate the
intensity dependence of the upconverter ß-NaY0.8Er0.2F4 under broad-band excitation. An UC quantum yield of
UC,lamp = 2.5% was achieved for broad-band excitation with a photon flux of 56·1020 s-1m-2 for the considered
excitation spectrum which corresponds to an irradiance of 730 Wm-2 under monochromatic illumination at 1523 nm.
The results are compared to monochromatic laser illumination and simulations with a rate equation model. The
observed intensity dependences for broad-band and monochromatic excitation show the same curve shape and the
values are approximately equivalent. These results suggest that UC is efficient under broad-band excitation as well.
The SAGEX Review on Scattering Amplitudes, Chapter 12: Amplitudes and collider physics
Creators: name: White, Chris D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore how various topics in modern scattering amplitudes research find application in the description of collider physics processes. After a brief review of experimentally measured quantities and how they are related to amplitudes, we summarise recent developments in perturbative QFT, and how they have impacted our ability to do precision physics with colliders. Next, we explain how the study of (next-to-)soft radiation is directly relevant to increasing theoretical precision for key processes at the LHC and related experiments. Finally, we describe the various techniques that are used to turn theoretical calculations into something more closely approaching the output of a particle accelerator.
description: 32 pages, see also the overview article arXiv:2203.13011. Updated to match published version
Geometric Light Confinement in a-Si Thin Film Solar Cells on Micro-Structured Substrates
Creators: name: De Jong, M.M.
name: Rath, J.K.
name: Schropp, R.E.I.
name: Sonneveld, P.J.
name: Swinkels, G.L.A.M.
name: Holterman, H.J.
name: Baggerman, J.
name: Van Rijn, C.J.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 370-372
description: In this work we propose and study a light trapping scheme for thin film silicon solar cells that is based
on geometrical light trapping (instead of textures optimized for light scattering), using periodically arranged
pyramidal structures with dimensions larger than the effective wavelength of light. We studied the absorption
behavior of amorphous silicon (a-Si) layers on such a pyramidal structured substrate using ray tracing calculations.
According to the calculations, for pyramids on a square base, the maximum relative light absorption enhancement for
normal incident light occurs at pyramid angles between 40° to 45°, which results in an increase of the weighted
absorption of 45%. For diffuse light a maximum in light trapping yields an absorption increase of 40% compared to a
flat structure. a-Si solar cells in a p-i-n configuration deposited at low temperature (125°C) on a micro-pyramidal
structured polycarbonate substrate were used as proof-of-concept of this new light trapping scheme for the current
enhancement. The cells deposited on the structured substrates showed an increase in short-circuit current density of
24% compared to the reference solar cell structures on flat glass substrates.
The cosmological constant and stability of the Higgs vacuum
Creators: name: Bass, Steven D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the cosmological constant puzzle and possible connections to the (meta-)stability of the Higgs vacuum suggested by recent LHC results. A possible explanation involves new critical phenomena in the ultraviolet, close to the Planck scale.
description: 6 pages, invited talk at the Jagiellonian Symposium on Fundamental and Applied Subatomic Physics, Cracow, Poland, June 7-12 2015
Internet of Drones Simulator: Design, Implementation, and Performance Evaluation
Creators: name: Grieco, Giovanni
name: Iacovelli, Giovanni
name: Boccadoro, Pietro
name: Grieco, Luigi Alfredo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Internet of Drones (IoD) is a networking architecture that stems from the interplay between Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and wireless communication technologies. Networked drones can unleash disruptive scenarios in many application domains. At the same time, to really capitalize their potential, accurate modeling techniques are required to catch the fine details that characterize the features and limitations of UAVs, wireless communications, and networking protocols. To this end, the present contribution proposes the Internet of Drones Simulator (IoD-Sim), a comprehensive and versatile open source tool that addresses the many facets of the IoD. IoD-Sim is a Network Simulator 3 (ns-3)-based simulator organized in a 3-layer stack, composed by (i) the Underlying Platform, which provides the telecommunication primitives for different standardized protocol stacks, (ii) the Core, that implements all the fundamental features of an IoD scenario, and (iii) the Simulation Development Platform, mainly composed by a set of tools that speeds up the graphical design for every possible use-case. In order to prove the huge potential of this proposal, three different scenarios are presented and analyzed from both a software perspective and a telecommunication standpoint. The peculiarities of this open-source tool are of interest for researchers in academia, as they will be able to extend to model upcoming specifications, including, but not limited to, mobile networks and satellite communications. Still, it will certainly be of relevance in industry to accelerate the design phase, thus improving the time-to-market of IoD-based services.
description: in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2022
Agroeca Westring 1861
Creators: name: Seo, Bo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Liocranidae
Agroeca

description: Genus Agroeca Westring, 1861 (Korean name: bat-go-rang-geo-mi) Agroeca Westring, 1861: 311. Type species: A. brunnea (Blackwall, 1833). Carapace oval, narrowed in front; median furrow linear; submarginal longitudinal dark patterns or radiated dark patterns distinct. Both eye rows procurved in frontal view; anterior medians usually smaller than laterals. Chelicerae with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Abdominal dorsum with lighter branch or dot patterns on the dark ground. Order of leg length 4123. Tibia I with two pairs of ventral spines. Metatarsus I and II with two or three pairs of ventral spines (Locket & Millidge 1951).
description: Published as part of Seo, Bo, 2011, Description of three liocranid spider species from Korea (Araneae: Liocranidae), pp. 98-102 in Entomological Research 41 (1) on page 99, DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5967.2011.00326.x, http://zenodo.org/record/584023
description: {"references": ["Westring N (1861) Araneae svecieae. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlinger 7: 1 - 615.", "Blackwall J (1833) Characters of some undescribed genera and species of Araneidae. London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 3 (3): 104 - 112, 187 - 197, 344 - 352, 436 - 443.", "Locket GH, Millidge AF (1951) British Spiders, Vol. 1. Ray Society, London."]}
Moth-Eye Antireflection Coatings Fabricated by Nanoimprint Lithography on Dilute Nitride Solar Cell
Creators: name: Tommila, J.
name: Polojärvi, V.
name: Tukiainen, A.
name: Salmi, J.
name: Puustinen, J.
name: Aho, A.
name: Ranta, S.
name: Niemi, T.
name: Guina, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 367-369
description: We report on the development of moth-eye antireflection coating fabricated by nanoimprint
lithography on 1 eV solar cell. The moth-eye structure was etched into the AlInP layer deposited by molecular beam
epitaxy on a dilute nitride solar cell junction. The reflectivity of the coating was measured in broad spectral range and
at large incident angles. The mean reflectivity of the moth-eye coating within the spectral range of 320 – 1800 nm
was 2.3 % for near normal incidence. The current-voltage characteristics were measured under filtered solar
illumination. A significant increase of about 27 % in the short circuit current was observed for the antireflection
coated solar cell as compared to the solar cell having uncoated AlInP surface.
Creating bulk ultrastable glasses by random particle bonding
Creators: name: Ozawa, Misaki
name: Iwashita, Yasutaka
name: Kob, Walter
name: Zamponi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent breakthrough in glass science has been the synthesis of ultrastable glasses via physical vapor deposition techniques. These samples display enhanced thermodynamic, kinetic and mechanical stability, with important implications for fundamental science and technological applications. However, the vapor deposition technique is limited to atomic, polymer and organic glass-formers and is only able to produce thin film samples. Here, we propose a novel approach to generate ultrastable glassy configurations in the bulk, via random particle bonding, and using computer simulations we show that this method does indeed allow for the production of ultrastable glasses. Our technique is in principle applicable to any molecular or soft matter system, such as colloidal particles with tunable bonding interactions, thus opening the way to the design of a large class of ultrastable glasses.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures + supplementary information. Improved version thanks to referees' comments
Recurring X-ray Outbursts in the Supernova Impostor SN~2010da in NGC~300
Creators: name: Binder, B.
name: Williams, B. F.
name: Kong, A. K. H.
name: Gaetz, T. J.
name: Plucinsky, P. P.
name: Skillman, E. D.
name: Dolphin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new observations of the "supernova impostor" SN 2010da using the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope. During the initial 2010 outburst, the 0.3-10 keV luminosity was observed by Swift to be $\sim5\times10^{38}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and faded by a factor of $\sim$25 in a four month period. Our two new Chandra observations show a factor of $\sim$10 increase in the 0.35-8 keV X-ray flux, from $\sim$4$\times10^{36}$ erg s$^{-1}$ to $4\times10^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in $\sim$6 months, and the X-ray spectrum is consistent in both observations with a power law photon index of $Γ\sim0$. We find evidence of X-ray spectral state changes: when SN 2010da is in a high-luminosity state, the X-ray spectrum is harder ($Γ\sim0$) compared to the low-luminosity state ($Γ\sim1.2\pm0.8$). Using our Hubble observations, we fit the color magnitude diagram of the coeval stellar population to estimate a time since formation of the SN 2010da progenitor system of $\lesssim$5 Myr. Our observations are consistent with SN 2010da being a high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) composed of a neutron star and a luminous blue variable-like companion, although we cannot rule out the possibility that SN 2010da is an unusually X-ray bright massive star. The $\lesssim$5 Myr age is consistent with the theoretically predicted delay time between the formation of a massive binary and the onset of the HMXB phase. It is possible that the initial 2010 outburst marked the beginning of X-ray production in the system, making SN 2010da possibly the first massive progenitor binary ever observed to evolve into an HMXB.
description: 8 pages, accepted to MNRAS
Large Area n-Type Cz Double Side Contacted Back-Junction Boron Emitter Solar Cell
Creators: name: Bordihn, S.
name: Mertens, V.
name: Engelhart, P.
name: Florian, T.
name: Cieslak, J.
name: Stenzel, F.
name: Kappe, P.
name: Lee, J.
name: Lindner, T.
name: Junghänel, M.
name: Müller, J.W.
name: Kessels, W.M.M.
name: Wawer, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 429-432
description: The solar cell concept of a double side contacted back-junction high-efficiency n-type Si solar cell is
presented. Numerical simulations were done with PC1D to evaluate the main loss mechanisms of the solar cell
concept. The influence of bulk material properties and resistivity were investigated to find the requirements needed
for large area n-type Si material. Analogous to simulations of Hermle et al. for back-junction back contact solar cells
the sensitivity of the solar cell efficiency on the front side recombination was shown. The recombination of the
metalized regions on the solar cell front captures a major role in efficiency limitation. Experimentally determined
saturation current densities J0 on symmetrically processed lifetime test structures were used for an estimation of the
open circuit voltage Voc potential of the solar cell. The influence of solar cell rear side passivation layer on the
limitation of efficiency was tested on the solar cell device level by comparing two different dielectric passivation
layers. It is shown that an improvement of DVoc = 10 mV was achieved with the optimized rear side passivation layer.
Solar cell efficiencies of up to h = 20.2% were realized and independently confirmed on a total area of 243.36 cm².
Вестник научной мысли,Выпуск 5 2021
Creators: name: Дагестанский территориальный институт профессиональных бухгалтеров
Publisher: name: Дагестанский территориальный институт профессиональных бухгалтеров
Year: 2021

description: Вестник научной мысли,Выпуск 5 2021
Maximum Production Conditions of A c-Si Module in Three Different Italian Locations
Creators: name: Fanni, L.
name: Giussani, M.
name: Marzoli, M.
name: Nikolaeva-Dimitrova, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3446-3449
description: Photovoltaic modules are sold according to the power measured indoor at Standard Test Conditions
(STC): 1000W/m2, 25°C and AM1.5; but the working conditions of a PV module are very dependent on the location
and in temperate climate, only seldom meet the STC. Each photovoltaic technology performs differently when
exposed to external conditions that differ to STC and produces a power that is noticeably different than the one sold
from the manufacturer.
This paper compares the annual working conditions of PV systems installed in three different Italian locations:
Bolzano (north); Collelongo (center) and Catania (south). Each location is characterized by means of the “Most
Frequent Module Conditions” and the “Maximum Production Conditions”.
In all the three locations, during the year analyzed, outdoor conditions met Standard Test Conditions less than 0.5%
of the production time.
Two types of invariant Subspaces in the polydisc
Creators: name: Koca, Beyaz Basak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A15, 47A13

description: It is known that the structure of invariant subspaces of the Hardy space $H^2(\mathbb D^n)$ on the polydisc $\mathbb{D}^n$ is very complicated; hence, we need good examples help us to understand the structure of invariant subspaces of $H^2(\mathbb D^n)$. In this paper, we define two types of invariant subspaces of $H^2(\mathbb D^n)$. Then, we give a characterization of these types invariant subspaces in view of the Beurling-Lax-Halmos Theorem. Unitary equivalence is also studied in this paper.
description: 8 pages, this is a preliminary version of the paper and all comments/suggestions are welcome
A Straight Forward Path to a Path Integration of Einstein's Gravity
Creators: name: Klauder, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Path integration is a respected form of quantization that all theoretical quantum physicists should welcome. This elaboration begins with simple examples of three different versions of path integration. After an important clarification of how gravity can be properly quantized, an appropriate path integral, that also incorporates necessary constraint issues, becomes a proper path integral for gravity that can effectively be obtained. How to evaluate such path integrals is another aspect, but most likely best done by computational efforts including Monte Carlo-like procedures.
description: 19 pages, a review of path integration that leads to a path integral for gravity, a few tiny improvements, minor modifications, corrected O and partial TeX definitions, a sign error has \ nu \rightarrow 0 TO \nu\rightarrtow. inviity
Non-degenerate locally connected models for plane continua and Julia sets
Creators: name: Blokh, A.
name: Oversteegen, L.
name: Timorin, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F10

description: Suppose that a $X$ is an \emph{unshielded} plane continuum (i.e., $X$ coincides with the boundary of the unbounded complementary component of $X$). Then there exists a \emph{finest monotone} map $m:X\to L$, where $L$ is a locally connected continuum (i.e., $m^{-1}(y)$ is connected for each $y\in L$, and any monotone map $φ:X\to L'$ onto a locally connected continuum is a composition $φ=φ'\circ m$ where $φ':L\to L'$ is monotone). Such finest locally connected model $L$ of $X$ is easier to understand because $L$ is locally connected (in particular it can be described by a picture) and represents the finest but still understandable decomposition of $X$ into possibly complicated but pairwise disjoint \emph{fibers} (point-preimages) of $m$. However, in some cases (i.e., in case $X$ is indecomposable) $L$ is a singleton. In this paper we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of a non-degenerate model depending on the existence of certain subcontinua of $X$ and apply these results to the connected Julia sets of polynomials.
description: 18 pages
Simplifying Measurements of Spectral Irradiance
Creators: name: Dirnberger, D.
name: Reise, C.
name: Heydenreich, W.
name: Reich, N.H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3454-3457
description: Solar spectral irradiance variations and related PV energy gains or losses are one of the last great
unknowns in PV yield prediction. Energy gains or losses due to ‘spectral effects’ are reflected by the so-called
spectral mismatch factor, which is calculated from prevailing solar spectral irradiance distributions, the reference
spectral distribution and the actual spectral response of solar cells concerned. The main reason for the current lack of
knowledge on potential energy gains or losses is the scarcity of solar spectral irradiance data. To this end, we present a
new way to gain information on solar spectral irradiance by using measurement devices that are sensitive in differing
wavelength regimes. Here, the best correlation to determine mismatch factors using our new approach is found to be
the ratio of illuminance to irradiance. Using illuminance-to-irradiance ratios, we show that it is principally possible to
reproduce measured spectra. A comparisons of mismatch factors for amorphous silicon cells calculated with our
procedure shows that our approach is a promising one. However, future research is needed for testing solar cell types
other than amorphous silicon, model optimization and a closer analysis of measurement uncertainties.
Learning Purely Tactile In-Hand Manipulation with a Torque-Controlled Hand
Creators: name: Sievers, Leon
name: Pitz, Johannes
name: Bäuml, Berthold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that a purely tactile dextrous in-hand manipulation task with continuous regrasping, requiring permanent force closure, can be learned from scratch and executed robustly on a torque-controlled humanoid robotic hand. The task is rotating a cube without dropping it, but in contrast to OpenAI's seminal cube manipulation task, the palm faces downwards and no cameras but only the hand's position and torque sensing are used. Although the task seems simple, it combines for the first time all the challenges in execution as well as learning that are important for using in-hand manipulation in real-world applications. We efficiently train in a precisely modeled and identified rigid body simulation with off-policy deep reinforcement learning, significantly sped up by a domain adapted curriculum, leading to a moderate 600 CPU hours of training time. The resulting policy is robustly transferred to the real humanoid DLR Hand-II, e.g., reaching more than 46 full 2$π$ rotations of the cube in a single run and allowing for disturbances like different cube sizes, hand orientation, or pulling a finger.
Increase of the Strength of Screen Printed Silicon Solar Cells by Post Treatments
Creators: name: Kohn, C.
name: Hug, M.
name: Kübler, R.
name: Krappitz, M.
name: Kleer, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2062-2065
description: The reduction of costs by decreasing the breakage rate is one major purpose of research in solar cell
production technology. Fracture and strength analyses identify the metallization process as one of the solar cell
processing steps which may severely reduce strength of silicon wafers. Investigations and inspections of fractured
wafers and solar cells show that breakage after the firing process often occur along the region where the aluminum
electrode print overlaps the silver-aluminum print on the rear side of the cells. These findings are in good agreement
with the identification of cracks originating in the overlap. In the present work the mechanisms that lead to crack
damages and strength decrease are explained and a method to avoid or compensate this negative effect is suggested.
NF3 Plasma Texturing of Multi-Crystalline Silicon Wafers
Creators: name: De Iuliis, S.
name: Agarwal, G.
name: Izzi, M.
name: Salza, E.
name: Serenelli, L.
name: Tucci, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2114-2117
description: Texturing of mc-Si is a prevailing research topic to improve solar cell efficiency in production. Surface
texturing for enhanced absorption in Si has been historically obtained by creating randomly distributed pyramids
using anisotropic etchants; but this preferential etching works only on single crystalline silicon because of its
crystallographic orientations. A low-cost, large area, random, mask-less texturing scheme is expected to significantly
impact terrestrial PV technology and reduce the amount of wet-chemical waste. We propose an approach based on
randomly etched mc-Si using Reactive Ion Etching by using NF3 instead of SF6 or CF4 to reduce the detrimental
formation of carbonaceous or sulfurous contamination at the silicon surface, which results in a surface recombination.
To obtain a fast process we have investigated the effect of the chemical etching due to the NF3 radicals and the ion
bombardment induced by Ar. We have found that Ar ions promote a helpful surface pre-conditioning, while fluorine
radicals, produced by NF3 dissociation, are needed to increase the Si etching rate. Different combinations of flux
ratios, gas pressures and RF power have been investigated. Efforts have been devoted in obtaining a homogeneous
texture on large area mc-Si, which is inescapable for industrialization. After 10 minutes process effective reflectance
values have been measured within the range of 12-14%, and with a-Si/SiNx antireflection coating the value reduced
to 7%. Post-processing minority carrier lifetime values in the range of 10 microseconds have been measured without
applying any further chemical cleaning. Additionally microscopic analysis have been also introduced to evaluate the
surface microstructure morphology.
Neutron-neutral particle mixing and its observable consequences
Creators: name: Hao, Yongliang
name: Ni, Dongdong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we explore the mixing between neutron ($n$) and elementary neutral particle ($η$), which violates both the baryon number ($\mathcal{B}$) and the lepton number ($\mathcal{L}$) by one unit but conserves their difference $(\mathcal{B}-\mathcal{L})$. Such mixing may give rise to non-trivial effects that are different from the Standard Model predictions. We organize our discussions based on two scenarios, roughly depending on whether an interference between oscillation and decay occurs, or whether the new-physics effects associated with the $n$-$η$ mixing contribute to the absorptive mixing amplitude. If an oscillation process is not accompanied by an interference between oscillation and decay, or the new-physics interactions do not contribute to the absorptive mixing amplitude, such a process can be classified as pure oscillation. Otherwise, it can be classified as impure oscillation. In the scenario of pure oscillation, CP-violation arising from the Majorana phase can manifest itself through the $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillation process and may lead to observable effects. In the scenario of impure oscillation, we analyze the testable implications on the masses and lifetimes of the mass eigenstates formed as a result of the $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillation mediated by $η$. In this scenario, we also suggest a unified interpretation of the neutron lifetime anomaly and the $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillation measurements based on the $n$-$η$ mixing. In both scenarios, we present the lower bounds imposed by the experimental searches for $n$-$\bar{n}$ oscillations on the masses of the color multiplet bosons and point out that they could be within the reach of a direct detection at the LHC or future high-energy experiments.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures and 2 tables
Observation of image pair creation and annihilation from superluminal scattering sources
Creators: name: Clerici, Matteo
name: Spalding, Gabriel C.
name: Warburton, Ryan E.
name: Lyons, Ashley
name: Aniculaesei, Constantin
name: Richards, Joseph M.
name: Leach, Jonathan
name: Henderson, Robert
name: Faccio, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The invariance of the speed of light implies a series of consequences related to our perception of simultaneity and of time itself. Whilst these consequences are experimentally well studied for subluminal speeds, the kinematics of superluminal motion lack direct evidence. Using high temporal resolution imaging techniques, we demonstrate that if a source approaches an observer at superluminal speeds, the temporal ordering of events is inverted and its image appears to propagate backwards. If the source changes its speed, crossing the interface between sub- and super-luminal propagation, we observe image pair annihilation and creation. These results show that it is not possible to unambiguously determine the kinematics of an event from imaging and time-resolved measurements alone.
Determining the Minority Carrier Lifetime in Epitaxial Silicon Layers by Micro-Wave-Detected Photoconductivity Measurements
Creators: name: Walter, D.
name: Rosenits, P.
name: Kopp, F.
name: Reber, S.
name: Berger, B.
name: Warta, W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2078-2083
description: Measurements of effective lifetimes on epitaxial silicon thin-film material have been carried out. Two
different methods were used for this purpose: one is the well established Microwave-Detected Photoconductivity
Decay (μPCD) method as commercially available from Semilab, and second the more recent Microwave-Detected
Photoconductivity (MDP) method introduced by Freiberg Instruments. Both methods are critically analyzed and
compared in regard to their applicability in the sector of epitaxial silicon layers. The investigation includes a
modeling of the expected measurement signal for both measurement conditions. The results, obtained from a large
number of lifetime samples investigated in this study and consisting of different qualities of the silicon substrate as
well as different qualities of the epitaxial layer, support the conclusion that both of the above mentioned methods
may be used to determine the effective lifetime of a silicon thin-film sample.
Evaluating the Performance of a Speech Recognition based System
Creators: name: Pandey, Vinod Kumar
name: Kopparapu, Sunil Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Speech based solutions have taken center stage with growth in the services industry where there is a need to cater to a very large number of people from all strata of the society. While natural language speech interfaces are the talk in the research community, yet in practice, menu based speech solutions thrive. Typically in a menu based speech solution the user is required to respond by speaking from a closed set of words when prompted by the system. A sequence of human speech response to the IVR prompts results in the completion of a transaction. A transaction is deemed successful if the speech solution can correctly recognize all the spoken utterances of the user whenever prompted by the system. The usual mechanism to evaluate the performance of a speech solution is to do an extensive test of the system by putting it to actual people use and then evaluating the performance by analyzing the logs for successful transactions. This kind of evaluation could lead to dissatisfied test users especially if the performance of the system were to result in a poor transaction completion rate. To negate this the Wizard of Oz approach is adopted during evaluation of a speech system. Overall this kind of evaluations is an expensive proposition both in terms of time and cost. In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the performance of a speech solution without actually putting it to people use. We first describe the methodology and then show experimentally that this can be used to identify the performance bottlenecks of the speech solution even before the system is actually used thus saving evaluation time and expenses.
description: 7 pages, 2 figure, ACC 2011
Characterising the rotational irregularities of the Vela pulsar from 21 yr of phase-coherent timing
Creators: name: Shannon, R. M.
name: Lentati, L. T.
name: Kerr, M.
name: Johnston, S.
name: Hobbs, G.
name: Manchester, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsars show two classes of rotational irregularities that can be used to understand neutron-star interiors and magnetospheres: glitches and timing noise. Here we present an analysis of the Vela pulsar spanning nearly 21 yr of observation and including 8 glitches. We identify the relative pulse number of all of the observations between glitches, with the only pulse-number ambiguities existing over glitch events. We use the phase coherence of the timing solution to simultaneously model the timing noise and glitches in a Bayesian framework, allowing us to select preferred models for both. We find the glitches can be described using only permanent and transient changes in spin frequency, i.e., no step changes in frequency derivative. For all of the glitches, we only need two exponentially decaying changes in spin frequency to model the transient components. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the dominant transient components decay on a common $\approx$ 1300 d time scale, and that a larger fraction ( $\gtrsim 25\%$) of glitch amplitudes are associated with these transient components. We also detect shorter-duration transient components of $\approx$ 25 d, as previously observed, but are limited in sensitivity to events with shorter durations by the cadence of our observations. The timing noise is well described by a steep power-law process that is independent of the glitches and subdominant to the glitch recovery. The braking index is constrained to be $
description: Accepted by MNRAS. 10 pages, 1 Figure, 2 tables
Systematic Characterization of Silicon Nanodot Absorption for Third Generation Photovoltaics
Creators: name: Summonte, C.
name: Canino, M.
name: Allegrezza, M.
name: Bellettato, M.
name: Desalvo, A.
name: Mirabella, S.
name: Terrasi, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 361-366
description: Aim of this work is the determination of the optical parameters of silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) in
Silicon Rich Carbide (SRC) matrix and in particular of the absorption coefficient of the material, essential in the
design of photovoltaic devices. The nanocrystals were formed using the superlattice SRC/SiC approach followed
by annealing. The optical properties of the superlattices after annealing up to 1100 °C are investigated. Severe
shrinkage of the materials is observed, more marked for higher carbon concentration. Contrary to the case of
Silicon Rich Oxide (SRO) matrix, the simulation of R&T spectra based on EMA modeling shows that the
material can be described by a mixture of crystallized SiC, crystallized Si, and amorphous Si. Larger Si
concentration in the SRC layer leads to larger crystallized fraction. The differences with the SRO case are
illustrated and discussed. The results are applied to the optical simulation of a hypothetical tandem device. It is
obtained that much thinner absorbers could be used in the SRC case with respect to SRO one.
Determination of Realistic Effective Models for Weyl Semimetals of the TaAs Family
Creators: name: Wenz, Kai
Publisher: name: Universität Bielefeld
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Topological quantum materials have many novel properties that make them interesting for use in future spintronic computing devices. However, calculating and predicting the electronic properties of actual spintronic computing devices is proving difficult because, due to their use at the micro- and nanoscale, they have complex geometries and are often composed of many different components. As a result, density functional theory calculations of the band structure are very time-consuming and resource-intensive.

Effective low-energy models offer the possibility of simplifying and accelerating the calculations. For example, they can serve as a starting point for the derivation of tight-binding models in which only hopping processes between neighboring atoms are taken into account. The challenge is to calculate suitable effective low-energy models that can realistically represent the physical and electronic properties of a material.

This thesis focuses on two different classes of topological quantum materials: topological insulators with the material family Bi2Se3 and Weyl semimetals with the material family TaAs as concrete application examples. After a detailed introduction into the peculiarities of topological quantum materials, the essential physical properties of topological insulators and Weyl semimetals are described. Two different methods for the calculation of effective low-energy models are then presented: the 𝑘 ⋅ 𝑝 theory and the fit method. Both methods are based on a model Hamiltonian operator derived from the symmetries of the respective crystal lattice. Concrete low-energy models are then calculated for the various example materials. The aim of the methods is to qualitatively and quantitatively map the essential topological properties of the materials in a simplified model so that they can later be used, for example, to calculate concrete tight-binding models and spintronic computer devices.

The thesis concludes with a brief summary of the project results and an outlook on further research activities that may result from this work.