cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Doubling of the superconducting transition temperature in ultra-clean wafer-scale aluminum nanofilms
Creators: name: Yeh, Ching-Chen
name: Do, Thi-Hien
name: Liao, Pin-Chi
name: Hsu, Chia-Hung
name: Tu, Yi-Hsin
name: Lin, Hsin
name: Chang, T. -R.
name: Wang, Siang-Chi
name: Gao, Yu-Yao
name: Wu, Yu-Hsun
name: Wu, Chu-Chun
name: Martin, Ivar
name: Lin, Sheng-Di
name: Panagopoulos, Christos
name: Liang, Chi-Te
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting properties of thin films can be vastly different from those of bulk materials. Seminal work has shown the critical temperature Tc of elemental superconductors decreases with decreasing film thickness when the normal-state sheet resistance is lower than the quantum resistance h/(4e2). Sporadic examples on disordered films, however, hinted an enhancement in Tc although, structural and strain characterization was not possible since samples were prepared on a cold substrate in situ. To clarify the role of reduced dimensionality and disorder on the superconducting properties of thin films we employed molecular beam epitaxy to grow wafer-scale high-quality aluminum (Al) nanofilms with normal-state sheet resistance at least 20 times lower than h/(4e2) and investigated their electronic and structural properties ex situ. Defying general expectations, Tc increases with decreasing Al film thickness, reaching 2.4 K for 3.5-nm-thick Al film grown on GaAs: twice that of bulk Al (1.2 K). DFT calculations indicate surface phonon softening impacts superconductivity in pure ultra-thin films, offering a new route for materials engineering in two dimensions.
The outflows accelerated by the magnetic fields and radiation force of accretion disks
Creators: name: Cao, Xinwu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inner region of a luminous accretion disk is radiation pressure dominated. We estimate the surface temperature of a radiation pressure dominated accretion disk, Θ=(c_s/rΩ_K)^2<
description: 8 pages, accepted by ApJ, references updated
title: ÐÐµÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸ Â«ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Â» ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ° KBC-1
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Probabilistic safety analysis of the modernized pure condensate supply system KBC-1
Creators: name: Ð¨ÑÐ»ÑÐº, ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2025
Subjects: Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ
Ð¼Ð°Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
ÑÐ¸ÑÑÑÐ¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ñ
ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¸ÑÐ»Ð¾ÑÑ
Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸
Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ¸Ðµ
Ð´ÐµÑÐµÐ²Ð¾ Ð¾ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²
Ð²ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°
Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
modernization
maneuverability
pure condensate
boron solution
reliability analysis
basic event
fault tree
failure rate
safety

description: Ð Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸ Â«ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Â» ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ° KBC-1 Ñ ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÐµÐµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. ÐÐ·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÐµÐ¹ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð²Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸. ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ. Ð ÐÐ ÐÐÐ Ð¡ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ 3.0 ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ½Ð¾-Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ (Ð´ÐµÑÐµÐ²ÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²) ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð²ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸. ÐÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÐµÐ½ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑ Ð²ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¾ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð° ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐ½ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð²ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÑÐµ Ð¾ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ. Ð¡Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾ Ð²Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÐºÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð² ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐ½ÐµÑÐ³Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð¾ÐºÐ°.
description: In this paper, the reliability of the pure condensate supply system is analyzed taking into account its modernization. The impact of the modernization on the system operation and the performance of its new introductory function is studied. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the system reliability is carried out. In the BARS software version 3.0, structural and logical models (fault trees) of the system for performing the function are developed. The probability of system failure for the modeled function is calculated and the most significant system failures are identified. Conclusions are made on the impact of system failures on the safety of the power unit.
Integration on minimal $\mathbb{Z}_2^2$-superspace and emergence of space
Creators: name: Aizawa, N.
name: Ito, Ren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibilities of integration on the minimal $\mathbb{Z}_2^2$-superspace. Two definitions are taken from the works by Poncin and Schouten and we examine their generalizations. It is shown that these definitions impose some restrictions on the integrable functions. We then introduce a new definition of integral, which is inspired by our previous work, and show that the definition does not impose restrictions on the integrable functions. An interesting feature of this definition is the emergence of a spatial coordinate which means that the integral is defined on $\mathbb{R}^2$ despite the fact that the $(0,0)$ part of the minimal $\mathbb{Z}_2^2$-superspace is $\mathbb{R}. $
description: 12 pages, no figure
The R-operator for Modular Double
Creators: name: Chicherin, D.
name: Derkachov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the R-operator -- solution of the Yang-Baxter equation acting in the tensor product of two infinite-dimensional representations of Faddeev's modular double. This R-operator intertwines the product of two L-operators associated with the modular double and it is built from three basic operators generating the permutation group of four parameters S_4.
Theoretical concepts and measurement prospects for BSM trilinear couplings: a case study for scalar top quarks
Creators: name: Bahl, Henning
name: Braathen, Johannes
name: Weiglein, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After the possible discovery of new heavy particles at the LHC, it will be crucial to determine the properties and the underlying physics of the new states. In this work, we focus on scalar trilinear couplings, employing as an example the case of the trilinear coupling of scalar partners of the top quark to the Higgs boson. We discuss possible strategies for experimentally determining the scalar top (stop) trilinear coupling parameter, which controls the stop--stop--Higgs interaction, and we demonstrate the impact of different renormalisation prescriptions for this parameter. We find that the best prospects for determining the stop trilinear coupling arise from its quantum effects entering the model prediction for the mass of the SM-like Higgs boson in comparison to the measured value. We point out that the prediction for the Higgs-boson mass has a high sensitivity to the stop trilinear coupling even for heavy masses of the non-standard particles. Regarding the renormalisation of the stop trilinear coupling we identify a renormalisation scheme that is preferred in view of the present level of accuracy and we clarify the source of potentially large logarithms that cannot be resummed with standard renormalisation group methods.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures; v2: matches version published in EPJC
Einsatz von Strommarktmodellen zur Untersuchung der Versorgungssicherheit in Europa
Creators: name: Beranek, Julius
name: Kraft, Emil
name: Zimmermann, Florian
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Agentenbasierte Simulation
Versorgungssicherheit
Energiesystemmodellierung

description: Versorgungssicherheit ist eine der Zieldimensionen bei der Ausgestaltung von Energiesystemen. Die Energiekrise in Europa im Jahr 2022 hat grundlegende Fragen aufgeworfen, inwieweit die Stromversorgung noch gesichert ist. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll analysieren, mit welchen Methoden Energiesysteme und Versorgungssicherheit in der Fachliteratur untersucht worden sind. Es wird unterschieden zwischen Arbeiten zu kurz- und mittelfristiger, sowie langfristiger Versorgungssicherheit. Dazu werden einschlägige Arbeiten aus dem Bereich der Energiesystemanalyse betrachtet und die unterschiedlichen Modellierungsansätze herausgearbeitet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Optimierungsmodelle am häufigsten in der Analyse langfristiger Versorgungssicherheit eingesetzt werden, obwohl agentenbasierte Simulationsmodelle signifikante Vorteile bei der Untersuchung einzelwirtschaftlicher Anreize in liberalisierten Märkten, insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung von Auswirkungen politischer Entscheidungen aufweisen.
Failure of curvature-dimension conditions on sub-Riemannian manifolds via tangent isometries
Creators: name: Rizzi, Luca
name: Stefani, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C17, 54E45, 28A75

description: We prove that, on any sub-Riemannian manifold endowed with a positive smooth measure, the Bakry-Émery inequality for the corresponding sub-Laplacian implies the existence of enough Killing vector fields on the tangent cone to force the latter to be Euclidean at each point, yielding the failure of the curvature-dimension condition in full generality. Our approach does not apply to non-strictly-positive measures. In fact, we prove that the weighted Grushin plane does not satisfy any curvature-dimension condition, but, nevertheless, does admit an a.e. pointwise version of the Bakry-Émery inequality. As recently observed by Pan and Montgomery, one half of the weighted Grushin plane satisfies the RCD(0,N) condition, yielding a counterexample to gluing theorems in the RCD setting.
description: 25 pages
New constraints on the cooling of the Central Compact Object in Cas A
Creators: name: Posselt, B.
name: Pavlov, G. G.
name: Suleimanov, V.
name: Kargaltsev, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To examine the previously claimed fast cooling of the Central Compact Object (CCO) in the Cas A supernova remnant (SNR), we analyzed two Chandra observations of this CCO, taken in a setup minimizing instrumental spectral distortions. We fit the two CCO X-ray spectra from 2006 and 2012 with hydrogen and carbon neutron star atmosphere models. The temperature and flux changes in the 5.5 years between the two epochs depend on the adopted constraints on the fitting parameters and the uncertainties of the effective area calibrations. If we allow a change of the equivalent emitting region size, R_Em, the effective temperature remains essentially the same. If R_Em is held constant, the best-fit temperature change is negative, but its statistical significance ranges from 0.8sigma to 2.5sigma, depending on the model. If we assume that the optical depth of the ACIS filter contaminant in 2012 was +/-10% different from its default calibration value, the significance of the temperature drop becomes 0.8sigma to 3.1sigma, for the carbon atmospheres with constant R_Em. Thus, we do not see a statistically significant temperature drop in our data, but the involved uncertainties are too large to firmly exclude the previously reported fast cooling. Our analysis indicate a decrease of 4%-6% (1.9-2.9sigma significance) for the absorbed flux in the energy range 0.6-6keV between 2006 and 2012, most prominent in the 1.4-1.8 keV energy range. It could be caused by unaccounted changes of the detector response or contributions from unresolved SNR material along the line of sight to the CCO.
description: 20 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ
Is there a semi-molten layer at the base of the lunar mantle?
Creators: name: Walterová, Michaela
name: Běhounková, Marie
name: Efroimsky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parameterised by the Love number $k_2$ and the tidal quality factor $Q$, and inferred from lunar laser ranging (LLR), tidal dissipation in the Moon follows an unexpected frequency dependence often interpreted as evidence for a highly dissipative, melt-bearing layer encompassing the core-mantle boundary. Within this, more or less standard interpretation, the basal layer's viscosity is required to be of order $10^{15}$ to $10^{16}$ Pa s, and its outer radius is predicted to extend to the zone of deep moonquakes. While the reconciliation of those predictions with the mechanical properties of rocks might be challenging, alternative lunar interior models without the basal layer are said to be unable to fit the frequency dependence of tidal $Q$. The purpose of our paper is to illustrate under what conditions the frequency-dependence of lunar tidal $Q$ can be interpreted without the need for deep-seated partial melt. Devising a simplified lunar model, in which the mantle is described by the Sundberg-Cooper rheology, we predict the relaxation strength and characteristic timescale of elastically-accommodated grain boundary sliding in the mantle that would give rise to the desired frequency dependence. Along with developing this alternative model, we test the traditional model with a basal partial melt; and we show that the two models cannot be distinguished from each other by the available selenodetic measurements. Additional insight into the nature of lunar tidal dissipation can be gained either by measurements of higher-degree Love numbers and quality factors or by farside lunar seismology.
description: 48 pages, 19 figures
Elastic and inelastic collisions of $^2Σ$ molecules in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Cui, Jie
name: Krems, Roman V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the cross sections for elastic scattering and Zeeman relaxation in binary collisions of molecules in the ro-vibrational ground state of a $^2Σ$ electronic state and the Zeeman state with the electron spin projection $M_S=1/2$ on the magnetic field axis. This is the lowest-energy state of $^2Σ$ molecules confined in a magnetic trap. The results are averaged over calculations with multiple molecule - molecule interaction potentials, which yields the expectation intervals for the cross sections and the elastic-to-inelastic cross section ratios. We find that the elastic-to-inelastic cross section ratios under conditions corresponding to trapped molecular ensembles at $T \sim 10^{-3}$ K exceed 100 for the majority of $^2Σ$ molecules. The range of $^2Σ$ molecules expected to be collisionally unstable in magnetic traps at $T < 10^{-3}$ K is limited to molecules with the spin-rotation interaction constant $γ_{\rm SR} > 0.5$ cm$^{-1}$ and the rotational constant $B_e < 4$ cm$^{-1}$.
Improved baselines for vision-language pre-training
Creators: name: Fini, Enrico
name: Astolfi, Pietro
name: Romero-Soriano, Adriana
name: Verbeek, Jakob
name: Drozdzal, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contrastive learning has emerged as an efficient framework to learn multimodal representations. CLIP, a seminal work in this area, achieved impressive results by training on paired image-text data using the contrastive loss. Recent work claims improvements over CLIP using additional non-contrastive losses inspired from self-supervised learning. However, it is sometimes hard to disentangle the contribution of these additional losses from other implementation details, e.g., data augmentation or regularization techniques, used to train the model. To shed light on this matter, in this paper, we first propose, implement and evaluate several baselines obtained by combining contrastive learning with recent advances in self-supervised learning. In particular, we use the loss functions that were proven successful for visual self-supervised learning to align image and text modalities. We find that these baselines outperform a basic implementation of CLIP. However, when a stronger training recipe is employed, the advantage disappears. Indeed, we find that a simple CLIP baseline can also be improved substantially, up to a 25% relative improvement on downstream zero-shot tasks, by using well-known training techniques that are popular in other subfields. Moreover, we discover that it is enough to apply image and text augmentations to make up for most of the improvement attained by prior works. With our improved training recipe for CLIP, we obtain state-of-the-art performance on four standard datasets, and consistently outperform prior work (up to +4% on the largest dataset), while being substantially simpler. The code is available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/clip-rocket
description: TMLR, featured certification; changelog at https://openreview.net/forum?id=a7nvXxNmdV
How to strengthen interdisciplinarity in ecohydraulics? Outcomes from ISE 2018
Creators: name: Casas-Mulet, Roser
name: Vanzo, Davide
name: Adeva-Bustos, Ana
name: Macnaughton, Camille J.
name: Stewardson, Michael J.
name: Pasternack, Gregory B.
name: Enders, Eva C.
name: Dyer, Fiona
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Interdisciplinary approaches are required to tackle complex environmental issues as freshwater ecosystems face unprecedented pressures globally. The emerging Ecohydraulics field of research should, therefore, take steps towards developing true interdisciplinarity to adapt to a continuing changing world. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on interdisciplinarity in Ecohydraulics and shapes its growth by identifying key actions, actors and implementation strategies that can strengthen it. Based on an online questionnaire and a workshop involving over 150 early and established careers, we present a list of 20 prioritised actions that will help engage the research community towards specific goals and will result in increased interdisciplinary outcomes. While early career researchers (ECRs) have taken the lead on creating this roadmap, its implementation should be a joint responsibility of both ECRs, established career scientists, groups, and institutions within Ecohydraulics. The list of identified actions and assigned responsibility should, therefore, be considered a conversation starter. Continued revision of the here-stated approaches will be required in the future as the field of research and its community progresses. With this contribution, we resume a critical reflection on where the Ecohydraulics field of research and community stand today and suggest where resources should be invested in the long-term to consolidate the inherent interdisciplinarity in Ecohydraulics.
Multiscale simulations of growth-dominated Sb$_2$Te phase-change material for non-volatile photonic applications
Creators: name: Wang, Xu-Dong
name: Zhou, Wen
name: Zhang, Hangming
name: Ahmed, Shehzad
name: Huang, Tiankuo
name: Mazzarello, Riccardo
name: Ma, En
name: Zhang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are widely applied in electronic and photonic applications, such as non-volatile memory and neuro-inspired computing. Doped Sb$_2$Te alloys are now gaining increasing attention for on-chip photonic applications, due to their growth-driven crystallization features. However, it remains unknown whether Sb$_2$Te also forms a metastable crystalline phase upon nanoseconds crystallization in devices, similar to the case of nucleation-driven Ge-Sb-Te alloys. Here, we carry out ab initio simulations to understand the changes in optical properties of amorphous Sb$_2$Te upon crystallization and post annealing. During the continuous transformation process, changes in the dielectric function are highly wavelength-dependent from the visible-light range towards the telecommunication band. Our finite-difference time-domain simulations based on the ab initio input reveal key differences in device output for color display and photonic memory applications upon tellurium ordering. Our work serves as an example of how multiscale simulations of materials can guide practical photonic phase-change applications.
description: 16 pages,8 figures
Evolution of the 2D antiferromagnetism with temperature and magnetic field in multiferroic Ba$_2$CoGe$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Hutanu, V.
name: Sazonov, A. P.
name: Meven, M.
name: Roth, G.
name: Gukasov, A.
name: Murakawa, H.
name: Tokura, Y.
name: Szaller, D.
name: Bordács, S.
name: Kézsmárki, I.
name: Peters, V. K. Guduru L. C. J. M.
name: Zeitler, U.
name: Romhanyi, J.
name: Náfrádi, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on spherical neutron polarimetry and unpolarized neutron diffraction in zero magnetic field as well as flipping ratio and static magnetization measurements in high magnetic fields on the multiferroic square lattice antiferromagnet Ba$_2$CoGe$_2$O$_7$. We found that in zero magnetic field the magnetic space group is $Cm'm2'$ with sublattice magnetization parallel to the [100] axis of this orthorhombic setting. The spin canting has been found to be smaller than $0.2^\circ$ in the ground state. This assignment is in agreement with the field-induced changes of the magnetic domain structure below 40 mT as resolved by spherical neutron polarimetry. The magnitude of the ordered moment has been precisely determined. Above the magnetic ordering temperature short-range magnetic fluctuations are observed. Based on the high-field magnetization data, we refined the parameters of the recently proposed microscopic spin model describing the multiferroic phase of Ba$_2$CoGe$_2$O$_7$.
title: The Trade Secrets Directive in the International Legal Framework
Creators: name: Arcidiacono, Davide
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: trade secrets
subject: know-how
subject: business information
subject: reverse engineering
subject: TRIPs
subject: enforcement

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2016 1(3), 1073-1085
description: European Forum Insight of 7 November 2016
description: I. Introduction. - II. The trade secrets directive within the international legal framework. - III. Minimum harmonization approach and maximum threshold of protection combined. - IV. The subject-matter of protection. - V. Lawful and unlawful means of acquisition, use and disclosure of trade secrets: the refusal of the patent-like approach. - VI. The relationship between trade secrets directive enforcement provisions, TRIPs and the enforcement directive. Room for flexibility.
description: This paper aims at contributing to the interpretation of some issues raised by the Directive (EU) 2016/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2016 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure approving, with significant amendments and modifications, the Commission's Proposal of 28 November 2013 COM(2013) 813. In doing so these notes take into account the regulatory framework existing under TRIPs Agreement, Enforcement Directive, along with other relevant intellectual property-related international agreements.
Fast conformational clustering of extensive molecular dynamics simulation data
Creators: name: Hunkler, Simon
name: Diederichs, Kay
name: Kukharenko, Oleksandra
name: Peter, Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an unsupervised data processing workflow that is specifically designed to obtain a fast conformational clustering of long molecular dynamics simulation trajectories. In this approach we combine two dimensionality reduction algorithms (cc\_analysis and encodermap) with a density-based spatial clustering algorithm (HDBSCAN). The proposed scheme benefits from the strengths of the three algorithms while avoiding most of the drawbacks of the individual methods. Here the cc\_analysis algorithm is for the first time applied to molecular simulation data. Encodermap complements cc\_analysis by providing an efficient way to process and assign large amounts of data to clusters. The main goal of the procedure is to maximize the number of assigned frames of a given trajectory, while keeping a clear conformational identity of the clusters that are found. In practice we achieve this by using an iterative clustering approach and a tunable root-mean-square-deviation-based criterion in the final cluster assignment. This allows to find clusters of different densities as well as different degrees of structural identity. With the help of four test systems we illustrate the capability and performance of this clustering workflow: wild-type and thermostable mutant of the Trp-cage protein (TC5b and TC10b), NTL9 and Protein B. Each of these systems poses individual challenges to the scheme, which in total give a nice overview of the advantages, as well as potential difficulties that can arise when using the proposed method.
Topological Superconductivity in Two-Dimensional Altermagnetic Metals
Creators: name: Zhu, Di
name: Zhuang, Zheng-Yang
name: Wu, Zhigang
name: Yan, Zhongbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bringing magnetic metals into superconducting states represents an important approach for realizing unconventional superconductors and potentially even topological superconductors. Altermagnetism, classified as a third basic collinear magnetic phase, gives rise to intriguing momentum-dependent spin-splitting of the band structure, and results in an even number of spin-polarized Fermi surfaces due to the symmetry-enforced zero net magnetization. In this work, we investigate the effect of this new magnetic order on the superconductivity of a two-dimensional metal with d-wave altermagnetism and Rashba spin-orbital coupling. Specifically we consider an extended attractive Hubbard interaction, and determine the types of superconducting pairing that can occur in this system and ascertain whether they possess topological properties. Through self-consistent mean-field calculations, we find that the system in general favors a mixture of spin-singlet s-wave and spin-triplet p-wave pairings, and that the altermagnetism is beneficial to the latter. Using symmetry arguments supported by detailed calculations, we show that a number of topological superconductors, including both first-order and second-order ones, can emerge when the p-wave pairing dominates. In particular, we find that the second-order topological superconductor is enforced by a $\mathcal{C}_{4z}\mathcal{T}$ symmetry, which renders the spin polarization of Majorana corner modes into a unique entangled structure. Our study demonstrates that altermagnetic metals are fascinating platforms for the exploration of intrinsic unconventional superconductivity and topological superconductivity.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Model Reduction for Complex Hyperbolic Networks
Creators: name: Himpe, Christian
name: Ohlberger, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93-XX

description: We recently introduced the joint gramian for combined state and parameter reduction [C. Himpe and M. Ohlberger. Cross-Gramian Based Combined State and Parameter Reduction for Large-Scale Control Systems. arXiv:1302.0634, 2013], which is applied in this work to reduce a parametrized linear time-varying control system modeling a hyperbolic network. The reduction encompasses the dimension of nodes and parameters of the underlying control system. Networks with a hyperbolic structure have many applications as models for large-scale systems. A prominent example is the brain, for which a network structure of the various regions is often assumed to model propagation of information. Networks with many nodes, and parametrized, uncertain or even unknown connectivity require many and individually computationally costly simulations. The presented model order reduction enables vast simulations of surrogate networks exhibiting almost the same dynamics with a small error compared to full order model.
description: preprint
Design of a paired-weir system for experimental manipulation of environmental flows in streams
Creators: name: Rosero-López, D.
name: Cowen, E. A.
name: Walter, M. T.
name: De Bièvre, B.
name: González-Zeas, D.
name: Flecker, A.S.
name: Osorio, R.
name: Dangles, O.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Controlled in-stream flow manipulations are challenging but necessary to implement to assess the consequences of real-world flow alterations on aquatic ecosystems. We designed a double v-notch weir system, which was first prototype-tested in a laboratory flume and then in the field. The device diverted instantaneous flows proportionally in a robust way (e.g., 10% of flow in the stream main channel and 90% of flow into the diversion channel). We tested diversions systematically and evaluated how well flows matched our target flow-percentages. This is one of the first ecohydraulic structures designed and tested to experimentally manipulate environmental flows in small upland streams.
Mean-field approximation of the Hubbard model expressed in a many-body basis
Creators: name: Honet, Antoine
name: Henrard, Luc
name: Meunier, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective independent-particle (mean-field) approximation of the Hubbard Hamiltonian is described in a many-body basis to develop a formal comparison with the exact diagonalization of the full Hubbard model, using small atomic chain as test systems. This allows for the development of an intuitive understanding of the shortcomings of the mean-field approximation and of how critical correlation effects are missed in this popular approach. The description in the many-body basis highlights a potential ambiguity related to the definition of the density of states. Specifically, satellite peaks are shown to emerge in the mean-field approximation, in departure from the common belief that they characterize correlation effects. The scheme emphasizes the importance of correlation and how different many-body corrections can improve the mean-field description. The pedagogical treatment is expected to make it possible for researchers to acquire an improved understanding of many-body effects as found in various areas related to electronic properties of molecules and solids, which is highly relevant to current efforts in quantum information and quantum computing.
Co-manipulation of soft-materials estimating deformation from depth images
Creators: name: Nicola, Giorgio
name: Villagrossi, Enrico
name: Pedrocchi, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human-robot co-manipulation of soft materials, such as fabrics, composites, and sheets of paper/cardboard, is a challenging operation that presents several relevant industrial applications. Estimating the deformation state of the co-manipulated material is one of the main challenges. Viable methods provide the indirect measure by calculating the human-robot relative distance. In this paper, we develop a data-driven model to estimate the deformation state of the material from a depth image through a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). First, we define the deformation state of the material as the relative roto-translation from the current robot pose and a human grasping position. The model estimates the current deformation state through a Convolutional Neural Network, specifically a DenseNet-121 pretrained on ImageNet.The delta between the current and the desired deformation state is fed to the robot controller that outputs twist commands. The paper describes the developed approach to acquire, preprocess the dataset and train the model. The model is compared with the current state-of-the-art method based on a skeletal tracker from cameras. Results show that our approach achieves better performances and avoids the various drawbacks caused by using a skeletal tracker.Finally, we also studied the model performance according to different architectures and dataset dimensions to minimize the time required for dataset acquisition
description: Pre-print, Accepted to Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing
The squeezing function: exact computations, optimal estimates, and a new application
Creators: name: Bharali, Gautam
name: Borah, Diganta
name: Gorai, Sushil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32F27, 32F45, 53C35 (Primary) 32H35 (Secondary)

description: We present a new application of the squeezing function $s_D$, using which one may detect when a given bounded pseudoconvex domain $D\varsubsetneq \mathbb{C}^n$, $n\geq 2$, is not biholomorphic to any product domain. One of the ingredients used in establishing this result is also used to give an exact computation of the squeezing function (which is a constant) of any bounded symmetric domain. This extends a computation by Kubota to any Cartesian product of Cartan domains at least one of which is an exceptional domain. Our method circumvents any case-by-case analysis by rank and also provides optimal estimates for the squeezing functions of certain domains. Lastly, we identify a family of bounded domains that are holomorphic homogeneous regular.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure. Several expository observations in Sections 1-3 and references added; typos in Section 7 corrected. This is not the final accepted version; the publishers of J. Geom. Anal. -- in which the article has appeared -- do not want the final accepted version to appear publicly during a certain period. The version of record is available online: DOI given somewhere on this page>>
Counter-propagating dual-trap optical tweezers based on linear momentum conservation
Creators: name: Crivellari, Marco Ribezzi
name: Huguet, Josep M.
name: Ritort, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present a dual-trap optical tweezers setup which directly measures forces using linear momentum conservation. The setup uses a counter-propagating geometry, which allows momentum measurement on each beam separately. The experimental advantages of this setup include low drift due to all-optical manipulation, and a robust calibration (independent of the features of the trapped object or buffer medium) due to the force measurement method. Although this design does not attain the high-resolution of some co-propagating setups, we show that it can be used to perform different single molecule measurements: fluctuation-based molecular stiffness characterization at different forces and hopping experiments on molecular hairpins. Remarkably, in our setup it is possible to manipulate very short tethers (such as molecular hairpins with short handles) down to the limit where beads are almost in contact. The setup is used to illustrate a novel method for measuring the stiffness of optical traps and tethers on the basis of equilibrium force fluctuations, i.e. without the need of measuring the force vs molecular extension curve. This method is of general interest for dual trap optical tweezers setups and can be extended to setups which do not directly measure forces.
description: 8 Figures. Contains Supplementary Information
Exact solution of a non-Hermitian $\mathscr{PT}$-symmetric Heisenberg spin chain
Creators: name: Kattel, Pradip
name: Pasnoori, Parameshwar R.
name: Andrei, Natan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the exact solution of a non-Hermitian $\mathscr{PT}$-symmetric isotropic Heisenberg spin chain with integrable boundary fields. We find that the system exhibits two types of phases we refer to as $A$ and $B$ phases. In the $B$ type phase, the $\mathscr{PT}$- symmetry remains unbroken and it consists of eigenstates with only real energies, whereas the $A$ type phase contains a $\mathscr{PT}$-symmetry broken sector comprised of eigenstates with only complex energies and a sector of unbroken $\mathscr{PT}$-symmetry with eigenstates of real energies. The $\mathscr{PT}$-symmetry broken sector consists of pairs of eigenstates whose energies are complex conjugates of each other. The existence of two sectors in the $A$ type phase is associated with the exponentially localized bound states at the edges with complex energies which are described by boundary strings. We find that both $A$ and $B$ type phases can be further divided into sub-phases which exhibit different ground states. We also compute the bound state wavefunction in one magnon sector and find that as the imaginary value of the boundary parameter is increased, the exponentially localized wavefunction broadens thereby protruding more into the bulk, which indicates that exponentially localized bound states may not be stabilized for large imaginary values of the boundary parameter.
description: 28 pages and 4 figures
MedLens: Improve Mortality Prediction Via Medical Signs Selecting and Regression
Creators: name: Ye, Xuesong
name: Wu, Jun
name: Mou, Chengjie
name: Dai, Weinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Monitoring the health status of patients and predicting mortality in advance is vital for providing patients with timely care and treatment. Massive medical signs in electronic health records (EHR) are fitted into advanced machine learning models to make predictions. However, the data-quality problem of original clinical signs is less discussed in the literature. Based on an in-depth measurement of the missing rate and correlation score across various medical signs and a large amount of patient hospital admission records, we discovered the comprehensive missing rate is extremely high, and a large number of useless signs could hurt the performance of prediction models. Then we concluded that only improving data-quality could improve the baseline accuracy of different prediction algorithms. We designed MEDLENS, with an automatic vital medical signs selection approach via statistics and a flexible interpolation approach for high missing rate time series. After augmenting the data-quality of original medical signs, MEDLENS applies ensemble classifiers to boost the accuracy and reduce the computation overhead at the same time. It achieves a very high accuracy performance of 0.96 AUC-ROC and 0.81 AUC-PR, which exceeds the previous benchmark.
Multiphonon structure of high-spin states in $^{40}$Ca, $^{90}$Zr, and $^{208}$Pb
Creators: name: Lyutorovich, N.
name: Tselyaev, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of description of the high-spin states, which was previously developed and applied for the states of this type in $^{208}$Pb, is generalized for the case of the states having more complex multiphonon structure. In this method, the harmonic approximation with the renormalized phonons is used in which the phonons themselves are determined within the non-linear version of the model based on the random-phase approximation (RPA) and including both the RPA correlations and the beyond-RPA ones. The mean field and the residual interaction are derived within the framework of the self-consistent RPA from the energy-density functional of the Skyrme type. The method is applied for the analysis of the available experimental data in doubly magic $^{208}$Pb and $^{40}$Ca and in semi-magic $^{90}$Zr.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Yang-Baxter deformations of the $GL(2,\mathbb{R})$ WZW model and non-Abelian T-duality
Creators: name: Eghbali, Ali
name: Parvizi, Tayebe
name: Rezaei-Aghdam, Adel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By calculating inequivalent classical r-matrices for the $gl(2,\mathbb{R})$ Lie algebra as solutions of (modified) classical Yang-Baxter equation ((m)CYBE)), we classify the YB deformations of Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model on the $GL(2,\mathbb{R})$ Lie group in twelve inequivalent families. Most importantly, it is shown that each of these models can be obtained from a Poisson-Lie T-dual $σ$-model in the presence of the spectator fields when the dual Lie group is considered to be Abelian, i.e. all deformed models have Poisson-Lie symmetry just as undeformed WZW model on the $GL(2,\mathbb{R})$. In this way, all deformed models are specified via spectator-dependent background matrices. For one case, the dual background is clearly found.
description: 19 pages, 2 tables, footnote 6 and two references added
Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India.pdf
Creators: name: Rajamani, Karthikeyan
name: Sambandam, Sankar
name: Balakrishnan, Kalpana
name: Mookhopadhyay, Krishnendu
name: Puttaswamy, Naveen
name: Guruswamy, Thangavel
name: Natesan, Durairaj
name: Aravindalochan, Vigneswari
name: Ramaswamy, Rengaraj
name: Senthil, Saritha
name: MN, Amudha
name: Pillarsetti, Ajay
name: Johnson, Michael
name: Rosenthal, Joshua
name: Steenland, Kyle
name: Piedhrahita, Ricardo
name: Peel, Jennifer
name: Clark, Maggie L.
name: Barr, Dana Boyd
name: Rajkumar, Sarah
name: Young, Bonnie
name: Jabbarzadeh, Shirin
name: Rosa, Ghislaine
name: Kirby, Miles
name: Underhill, Lindsay J.
name: Diaz-Artiga, Anaite
name: Lovvorn, Amy
name: Checkley, William
name: Clasen, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Air pollution processes and air quality measurement
Air pollution modelling and control

description: Here, we present a visual representation of standard procedures to collect population level data on personal exposures to household air pollution (HAP) from two different study sites in a resource-constrained setting of Tamil Nadu, India. Particulate matter PM2.5 (particles smaller than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter),carbon monoxide (CO), and black carbon (BC) were measured in pregnant mothers (M),other adult women (OAW), and children (C) at various times over a 4 year period. In addition, stove usage monitoring (SUMs) with data-logging thermometers and ambient measurements of air pollution were carried out. Furthermore, the feasibility of collecting biological samples (urine and dried blood spots [DBSs]) from study participants at the field sites was successfully demonstrated. Based on findings from this and earlier studies, the methods used here have enhanced the data quality and avoided issues with household air pollution and biological sample collection in resource-constrained situations. The procedures established may be a valuable educational tool and resource for researchers conducting similar air pollution and health studies in India and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Precision phenomenology with fiducial cross sections in the triple-differential Drell-Yan process
Creators: name: Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De
name: Gehrmann, T.
name: Glover, E. W. N.
name: Huss, A.
name: Preuss, C. T.
name: Walker, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of lepton pairs (Drell-Yan process) at the LHC is being measured to high precision, enabling the extraction of distributions that are triply differential in the di-lepton mass and rapidity as well as in the scattering angle described by the leptons. The measurements are performed for a fiducial phase space, defined by cuts on the individual lepton momenta and rapidities. Based on the ATLAS triple-differential Drell-Yan measurement at 8~TeV, we perform a detailed investigation of the phenomenology of this process based on state-of-the-art perturbative predictions in QCD and the electroweak theory. Our results demonstrate the highly non-trivial interplay between measurement variables and fiducial cuts, which leads to forbidden regions at Born level, and induces sensitivity on extra particle emissions from higher perturbative orders. We also investigate the sensitivity of the measurement on parton distributions and electroweak parameters. We derive Standard-Model theory predictions which combine NNLO QCD and NLO EW corrections and include partial N$^3$LO QCD as well as higher-order EW corrections where appropriate. Our results will enable the use of the triple-differential Drell-Yan data in a precise experimental determination of the weak mixing angle.
description: 49 pages, 22 figures, all data attached as ancillary files, matches published journal version