Rhinolophus stheno K. Andersen 1905
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus stheno

description: 91. Lesser Brown Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>Rhinolophus stheno</i> French: <i>Rhinolophe sthéno</i> / <b>German:</b> Stheno-Hufeisennase <b> <i>I</i> Spanish:</b> Herradura <i>de</i> Stheno <b>Other common names:</b> Brown Horseshoe Bat <b>Taxonomy.</b> <i>Rhinolophus stheno</i> K.Andersen, 1905, “ Selangor, Malay Peninsula. ” <i>Rhinolophus stheno</i> is <i>currently</i> included in the <i>euryotis</i> group, based on limited genetic data, although its true relationships have <i>yet</i> to be substantiated using taxonomically more inclusive studies. The recently erected species <i>R. microglobosus</i> has typically been included as a subspecies. <i>Monotypic</i>. <b>Distribution.</b> C &amp; S Vietnam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java; distributional limits are still uncertain. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Head-body 45-5— 56- 8 mm, tail 12-9-21- 4 mm, ear 15-1- 19- 5 mm, hindfoot 7- 5-10 mm, forearm 43-2-48- 1 mm; weight 6-9— 10 g. Dorsal pelage is reddish cinnamon brown, <b>with</b> a light yellowish-brown base to the hair, or grayish brown; ventral pelage is similar <i>but</i> paler. Ears are small to medium in length. Noseleaf has long, straight-sided lancet with cuneate tip and median septum that is wider than middle pockets; connecting process is rounded and covered in scattered long hairs; sella is narrow with parallel sides or slightly concave sides on middle portion; horseshoe is <b>wide</b> (7-2-10- 4 mm), covering much of muzzle, and has shallow median emargination and conspicuous secondary leaflets; outer ring of horseshoe is darker than paler area around nostrils. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is slender, with subequal zygomatic and mastoid widths (wider than in the Vietnamese Brown Horseshoe <b>Bat</b>,. <i>microglobosus)</i>; anterior median rostral swellings are high and abrupdy elevated (their anterior wall is perpendicular to upper tooth row); posterior swellings are reduced; and rostral profile is posteriorly very concave; sagittal crest is moderately developed; frontal depression is deep (deeper than in the Vietnamese Brown Horseshoe Bat); supraorbital crests are high; interorbital region is very narrow. P2 is <i>large</i>, <b>with</b> a distinct cusp, extruding very slightly from tooth row, which separates C1 and P4; P3 is small and <b>completely</b> displaced, allowing P2 and P4 to touch. <b>Habitat. Reported</b> in mixed deciduous forests, <b>lowland</b> evergreen forests, agricultural areas, and rubber plantations in Thailand, and in hill forest in Peninsular Malaysia. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. No information. <b>Breeding.</b> <i>Pregnant</i> females have been captured in March in Thailand and in MarchMay in Peninsular Malaysia. Lactating females were captured in <b>May-July</b> in Peninsular Malaysia. <b>Activity patterns.</b> The Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat is nocturnal, and roosts in caves during the day. <b>Call</b> shape is FM/CF/FM with a peak F recorded at 85-4—88-2 kHz in peninsular Thailand. <b>Movements, Home range and Social</b> organization. Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bats roost in large colonies. <b>Status and</b> Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on <i>The IUCNed List.</i> The Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat is <i>relatively</i> widespread and does not seem to face any major threats at present. It is apparently locally extinct in Singapore. <b>Bibliography.</b> Bates, Bumrungsri &amp; Csorba (2008d), Csorba &amp; Jenkins (1998), Csorba et <i>al.</i> (2003), rancis (2008 <i>a</i>), Kruskop (2013a), Lane et <i>al.</i> (2006), Soisook (2008), <i>Soisook</i> et <i>al.</i> (2008), Stoffberg et <i>al.</i> (2010), Zhang Lin et <i>al.</i> (2018).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on pages 322-323, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525