Grovesia castacensis
Creators: name: Groves, Lindsey
name: Squires, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Eocypraeidae
Grovesia
Grovesia castacensis

description: GROVESIA CASTACENSIS (STEWART, 1926 [1927]) N. COMB.
FIGS. 8M–P, 9A–B
Cypraea (Luponia) bayerquei Gabb, 1869. pp. 163, 164, 225 [as C. (L.) Bayerquei]; pl. 27, figs. 43a–c [in part]. Cooper, 1888. p. 280 [in part]. Arnold, 1906. p. 15. Not Eocypraea bayerquei (Gabb, 1869).
Cypraea bayerquei Gabb. Whiteaves, 1895, p. 128 [as Cypraea Bayerquei]. Dickerson, 1915. pp. 43, 60, pl. 6, figs. 4a, 4b. Dickerson, 1916. pp. 421, 432, 448 [in part]. Anderson and Hanna, 1925. pp. 43, 105–107 [in part]. Not Eocypraea bayerquei (Gabb, 1869).
Cypraea castacensis Stewart, 1926 [1927]. p. 370; pl. 28, fig. 10. (New name for Cypraea bayerquei Gabb, 1869, [not Gabb, 1864]). Ingram, 1942. p. 103; pl. 8, fig. 5 [= Bernaya kaylinae, n. sp.], fig. 6 [= Eocypraea sp., cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802)]. Keen and Bentson, 1944. p. 151–152 [in part]. Ingram, 1947a. pp. 88, 89 [in part]. Ingram, 1947b. p. 144, 145. Squires, 1984. pp. 23, 24, fig. 7b [= Bernaya kaylinae n. sp. paratype].
Eocypraea (Eocypraea) bayerquei castacensis (Stewart). Schilder, 1932. p. 214 [as E. (E.) bayerquei castacensis]. Schilder and Schilder, 1971. pp. 67 [as Eocypraea (Eocypraea) bay. castacensis], 103.
Eocypraea castacensis (Stewart). Vokes, 1939. p. 154, pl. 20, fig. 9 [= Bernaya kaylinae n. sp.], fig. 14 [= Eocypraea sp., cf. E. inflata (Lamarck, 1802)]. Fehse, 2001. p. 20. Groves and Squires, 2021. pp. 226 (as Cypraea), 222, 232 (as Eocypraea (E.) sp., cf. Eocypraea (E.) castacensis).
Eocypraea (Eocypraea) castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]). Schilder, 1941. p. 103. Groves, 1992. p. 106. Groves, 1993. p. 11. Groves, 2011. p. 46 (table 1).
Sulcocypraea mathewsonii (Gabb, 1869). Squires and Groves, 1993. pp. 83, 84, figs. 2–4. Groves, 1994a. p. 247. Nesbitt, 1998. p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 13 (fig. oriented upside down). Not C. mathewsonii [= G. castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927])].
Grovesia mathewsonii (Gabb). Dolin and Pacaud, 2009. p. 289. Not G. mathewsonii [= G. castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]).
Eocypraea (Eocypraea) castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]). Squires, 2000. p. 896 [not G. castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927)] [= Subepona leahae n. sp.].
Eocypraea bayerquei castacensis (Stewart). Fehse, 2021. p. 42.
Holotype and Type Locality— UCMP 11690 (= figured specimen of Dickerson, 1915, pl. 6, figs. 4a, 4b) (Figs. 8M–O), length 12.2 mm, width 7.4 mm, height 5.9 mm. UCMP Locality 452, Tejon Formation (Metralla Member), Grapevine Creek, Kern County, southern California.
Referred Specimens—Hypotype (of Gabb, 1869) ANSP 4211 and of Stewart (1926 [1927]), p. 370, pl. 28, fig. 10) lost (Groves and Squires, 2018: p. 67). Hypotype (of Squires and Groves, 1993, figs. 2–4; as Sulcocypraea mathewsonii) UWBM 22052, Tukwilla Formation, Poverty Hill, King County, Washington. Hypotype (of Nesbitt, 1998, pl, 1, fig. 13; as Sulcocypraea mathewsonii) UWBM 78021, Tukwilla Formation, King County, Washington. Hypotype (herein) LACMIP 41206.2, LACMIP Type 14941 (Figs. 8P, 9A–B), LACMIP Locality 41206 [ex CSUN Locality 1206], Tejon Formation, base of Metralla Sandstone Member, Liveoak Canyon, Kern County, southern California. Additional specimens include one specimen (LACMIP 41202.27, LACMIP Type 14944) from LACMIP Locality 41202 [ex CSUN Locality 1202], basal Tejon Formation, Edmonston Pumping Plant, Kern County California, three specimens (LACMIP 16856.2, LACMIP Type 14942) LACMIP Locality 16856, Juncal Formation, Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California, and an additional specimen from the Tejon Formation, Grapevine Canyon, Kern County, California (LACMIP Locality 12492). The aforementioned specimens from LACMIP Locality 16856 [= unpublished locality of Hartman (1957)] are indeed G. castacensis but the exact locality information cannot be verified with confidence and they noted here for the record. A single uncatalogued LACMIP specimen of G. castacensis with scant locality data of “San Diego area” from the Sternberg Collection (ex UCLA) was also examined.
Occurrence— Middle to middle upper Eocene, Washington and southern California. “Tejon Stage” (lower to middle part): “Tejon Group,” (undifferentiated as to member), Martinez area, Contra Costa County, northern California (Stewart, 1926 [1927]). Tejon Formation, base of Metralla Sandstone Member of Tejon Formation, Turritella uvasana sargeanti Anderson and Hanna, 1925 “zone,” Live Oak Canyon, Tehachapi Mountains, Kern County, southern California (new information). “Tejon Stage” (upper part): Tukwila Formation, near Seattle, western King County, Washington (Squires and Groves 1993; Nesbitt 1998). Lower Galvinian Stage: Discovery Bay, Jefferson County, Washington (Durham 1944).
Etymology— Originally named for Castac Lake/Castac Valley area, just east of Lebec, Kern County, southern California. [Note: Castac Lake is not the same geographic feature as Castaic Lake, Los Angeles County].
Description— Shell small to medium in size. Shell noticeably lenticular lengthwise, with same-shaped sides (not with lob-sided outer lip), somewhat flattened dorsally, smooth. Denticulation on outer lip much coarser and more closely spaced than that on inner lip.
Remarks— At least seven specimens of G. castacensis are known and undoubtedly many others exist in stratigraphic collections. Preservation is usually moderate to good. Grovesia castacensis, which is an uncommon species, was formerly reported by most previous workers as belonging to the eocypraeid genus Eocypraea Cossmann, 1903. Poorly preserved specimens of NEP Eocene cypraeoideans have been commonly misidentified as Grovesia castacensis, as reviewed in the following paragraphs.
Squires (1984: pp. 23, 24, fig. 7b) reported a specimen of Cypraea castacensis from LACMIP Locality 40374 [ex CSUN Locality 374], which is in the mappable unit referred to as “Stewart bed” of the Llajas Formation, Llajas Canyon, on north side of Simi Valley, Ventura County, southern California, but this occurrence is incorrect. The only cypraeoideans found at that particular locality are the new species Subepona leahae and Bernaya kaylinae, both of which described and named in this present report.
Squires (2008: fig. 20) reported a very partial specimen identified as Eocypraea (E.) sp., cf. E. (E.) castacensis from the upper lower Eocene Juncal Formation (LACM 13421.10, LACMIP Type 13421) (LACMIP Locality 17848) in Elsmere Canyon, Los Angeles County, southern California. Although this specimen is too incomplete for reliable identification as to any species, the small size of the columellar teeth are unlike those of Grovesia castacensis and is unlikely to be this species.
A questionable occurrence of Eocypraea (Eocypraea) cf. E. castacensis (Stewart, 1926 [1927]) was reported by (Perrilliat et al. 2003: pl. 2, figs. 39, 40) from the undifferentiated middle Eocene San Juan Formation, Chiapas, southern México. This specimen (hypotype IHN 5458) superficially resembles G. castacensis, but poor preservation prevents confirmation of its identification.
Grovesia castacensis is similar morphologically to G. ganensis (Dolin and Ledon, 2002: figs. 1A, 1B) from lower Eocene (Ypresian) strata in Gan, Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department, France and G. nogrolensis Dolin and Pacaud (2009: pl. 5, figs. 4–7) from middle Eocene (lower Lutetian) strata in Cava Albanello di Nogarole Vicentino, Vicenza Prov., northeastern Italy. Grovesia castacensis differs by having much fewer yet stronger outer lip teeth.
description: Published as part of Groves, Lindsey & Squires, Richard L., 2023, Revision of northeast Pacific Paleogene cypraeoidean gastropods, including recognition of three new species: implications for paleobiogeographic distribution and faunal turnover, pp. 1-52 in PaleoBios 40 (10) on pages 28-31, DOI: 10.5070/P9401057774, http://zenodo.org/record/10913295