cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Signal extraction in atmospheric shower arrays designed for $\rm 200\,GeV-50\,TeV$ $γ$-ray astronomy
Creators: name: Senniappan, M.
name: Becherini, Y.
name: Punch, M.
name: Thoudam, S.
name: Bylund, T.
name: Mezek, G. Kukec
name: Ernenwein, J. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the SEMLA (Signal Extraction using Machine Learning for ALTO) analysis method, developed for the detection of $\rm E>200\,GeV$ $γ$ rays in the context of the ALTO wide-field-of-view atmospheric shower array R&D project. The scientific focus of ALTO is extragalactic $γ$-ray astronomy, so primarily the detection of soft-spectrum $γ$-ray sources such as Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma Ray Bursts. The current phase of the ALTO R&D project is the optimization of sensitivity for such sources and includes a number of ideas which are tested and evaluated through the analysis of dedicated Monte Carlo simulations and hardware testing. In this context, it is important to clarify how data are analysed and how results are being obtained. SEMLA takes advantage of machine learning and comprises four stages: initial event cleaning (stage A), filtering out of poorly reconstructed $γ$-ray events (stage B), followed by $γ$-ray signal extraction from proton background events (stage C) and finally reconstructing the energy of the events (stage D). The performance achieved through SEMLA is evaluated in terms of the angular, shower core position, and energy resolution, together with the effective detection area, and background suppression. Our methodology can be easily generalized to any experiment, provided that the signal extraction variables for the specific analysis project are considered.
description: 29 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in JINST
Gruppi con condizioni di normalità su certi sistemi di sottogruppi subnormali
Creators: name: Tortora, Natascia
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2009

description: La tesi è incentrata sullo studio di particolari generalizzazioni della classe dei gruppi in cui la relazione di normalità è transitiva, cosìddetti T-gruppi.
Questi ultimi sono stati studiati nel caso finito da Best-Tausski, Zacher e Gaschuzt e nel caso infinito da D.J.S. Robinson. Nel lavoro sono esposti i risultati riguardanti gli IT-gruppi risolubili, studiati dai Proff. S. Franciosi e F. de Giovanni, gruppi in cui ogni sottogruppo subnormale infinito è normale.
Il principale risultato esposto riguarda la classe degli FT-gruppi risolubili nel caso dei gruppi primari. Tutt'ora sono in fase di elaborazione studi incentrati su una particolare generalizzazione del sottogruppo di Wielandt.
TROMBOCITOPENIA IMMUNOMEDIATA SECONDARIA
IN CANI NATURALMENTE INFETTI DA LEISHMANIA INFANTUM
Creators: name: Prisco, Michele
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2009

description: Lo studio si prefigge di indagare, mediante immunofluorescenza indiretta e citometria a flusso, se la presenza di anticorpi anti-piastrine può essere associata all’occorrenza di trombocitopenia immunomediata in cani naturalmente infetti da Leishmania infantum.
Studio numerico sperimentale del processo per infusione di resina per applicazioni aeronautiche
Creators: name: Morano, Umberto
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2009

description: Il presente lavoro si concentra sulla realizzazione di due componenti aeronautiche, una C-frame e un cassone alare, in materiale composito mediante tecnologia RIFT.
La fase di realizzazione dei suddetti componenti è stata preceduta da una fase di studio del processo RIFT e dei modelli matematici ad esso dedicati, da una fase di studio e validazione di un programma di tipo FEM per l'ottimizzazione del processo di infusione e da una fase sperimentale preliminare per la stesura di una banca dati necessaria per i dati di input del suddetto codice FEM e di verifica dei suoi output.
CuO/CeO2 catalysts for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2 rich mixture for fuel cell applications
Creators: name: Caputo, Tiziana
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: This thesis is focused on CuO/CeO2 catalysts for the preferential oxidation of CO in H2 rich mixtures (CO PROX). After a brief introduction of the general problem (energy production with novel processes or raw materials, fuel cells) and a more detailed description of the CO PROX unit in a fuel processor in order to deliver to fuel cells a CO-free H2-containing stream. An overview of most representative and interesting catalytic systems proposed or utilised for the process has been also presented, before introducing the properties and the motivation of the choice of investigating catalysts based on copper oxide supported on ceria (or mixed ceria-zirconia).
Results of catalytic tests carried out under experimental conditions in the range of interest for applications show that an increase of redox properties of catalyst obtained by supporting CuO on Ce-Zr mixed oxide is not directly linked to higher activity, the optimal catalyst formulation found corresponds to 4wt% CuO/CeO2, whose performances appear higher than commercially available Pt based catalysts. The catalyst is very selective (100% up to about 100°C, about 60-80% at higher temperatures), the selectivity is a unique function of temperature, slightly depending on the CO/H2 ratio, on O2 partial pressure and on the presence of CO2 and H2O in the gas. The kinetics has been modelled by considering reactions of both CO and H2 oxidation. The experimental data have been fitted by rate expressions based on LH (or Eley-Rydeal) reaction mechanism decribing the interaction between surface oxygen species and adsorbed CO or gas phase CO. For both reactions of CO and H2 oxidation a weak dependence on O2 partial pressure has been found, while the competitive adsorption with reactants of CO2 and H2O on the active sites limits th CO conversuion in the range of lower temperatures.
The analysis of the redox properties evidenced that CO is a stronger reductant than H2 for catalyst sites. Indeed CO strongly interacts with completely oxidized sites already at room temperature, while hydrogen adsorbs exclusively on a pre-reduced sample. The re-oxidation rate of the active sites is faster than the hydrogen oxidation up to a temperature of 100°C, thus in this region the hydrogen oxidation does not take place and 100% selectivity is found for CO PROX process. The catalytic sites active in this temperature range (from room temperature up to 100°C) have been identified with TPR/TPD/TPO experiments with highly dispersed copper particles strongly interacting with ceria. Indeed it is strongly suggested that ceria also participates to redox processes already at very low temperatures and the sites at the borderline between ceria and copper have been identified as the main responsible for the activity and high selectivity in the process. At a temperature higher than 150°C CuO clusters are more active in the hydrogen oxidation, thus decreasing the overall efficiency of the CO PROX process.
More about neutron - mirror neutron oscillation
Creators: name: Berezhiani, Zurab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was pointed out recently that oscillation of the neutron $n$ into mirror neutron $n'$, a sterile twin of the neutron with exactly the same mass, could be a very fast process with the the baryon number violation, even faster than the neutron decay itself. This process is sensitive to the magnetic fields and it could be observed by comparing the neutron lose rates in the UCN storage chambers for different magnetic backgrounds. We calculate the probability of $n-n'$ oscillation in the case when a mirror magnetic field $\vec{B}'$ is non-zero and show that in this case it can be suppressed or resonantly enhanced by applying the ordinary magnetic field $\vec{B}$, depending on its strength and on its orientation with respect to $\vec{B}'$. The recent experimental data, under this hypothesis, still allow the $n-n'$ oscillation time order 1 s or even smaller. Moreover, they indicate that the neutron losses are sensitive to the orientation of the magnetic field. %at about $3σ$ level. If these hints will be confirmed in the future experiments, this would point to the presence of the mirror magnetic field on the Earth of the order of 0.1 G, or some equivalent spin-dependent force of the other origin that makes a difference between the neutron and mirror neutron states.
description: 10 pages
title: The Reasons Behind the Failure of the European Supervision Order: The Defeat of Liberty Versus Security
Creators: name: Neira-Pena, Ana Maria
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: European Supervision Order
subject: mutual trust
subject: principle of mutual recognition
subject: pre-trial detention
subject: supervision measures
subject: precautionary measures

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2020 5(3), 1493-1509
description: European Forum Insight of 4 November 2020
description: I. Objectives of the European supervision order. - II. The failure in application of the European supervision order in the face of the success of the European arrest warrant. - III. The reasons for the failure in application of the ESO.
description: The European Supervision Order is an instrument of mutual recognition of judicial decisions essential to guarantee the exceptional nature of pre-trial detention. It also prevents discrimination of suspects and accused persons in criminal proceedings on grounds of nationality or residence, with regard to the possibilities of enjoying provisional release pending trial. It is, in short, an instrument that stands as a guarantee of the freedom of citizens in the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. However, despite its crucial role, the use of this instrument is very scarce, as its application encounters significant obstacles, including the insufficient level of trust between Member States, which appears to play a key role.
Radial distribution of thujaplicins and thujic acid in old growth and second growth western redcedar (Thuja plicata donn)
Creators: name: Nault, Jason Ray
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Radial cross sections of seven old growth cedars and ten second growth cedars taken at breast height were cut into increments averaging about 60 years growth for old growth trees and 10 years growth for second growth trees. These increments were extracted with ethanol:benzene (1:2). The extractives were analyzed for thujaplicin content by colorimetry of their ferric chelates, as well as by a new method utilizing capillary gas chromatography (GC) of their methylated derivatives. A statistical analysis of the two methods gave an r² value of 0.81 and a slope of 0.99. Thujic acid contents were also determined by the new GC method. Distribution of thujaplicins and thujic acid generally increased from pith to outside heartwood, then decreased in the sapwood. Maximum thujaplicin contents were also related to the tree age.
The Second-Generation Guide Star Catalog: Description and Properties
Creators: name: Lasker, B. M.
name: Lattanzi, M. G.
name: McLean, B. J.
name: Bucciarelli, B.
name: Drimmel, R.
name: Garcia, J.
name: Greene, G.
name: Guglielmetti, F.
name: Hanley, C.
name: Hawkins, G.
name: Laidler, V. G.
name: Loomis, C.
name: Meakes, M.
name: Mignani, R.
name: Morbidelli, R.
name: Morrison, J.
name: Pannunzio, R.
name: Rosenberg, A.
name: Sarasso, M.
name: Smart, R. L.
name: Spagna, A.
name: Sturch, C. R.
name: Volpicelli, A.
name: White, R. L.
name: Wolfe, D.
name: Zacchei, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GSC-II is an all-sky database of objects derived from the uncompressed DSS that the STScI has created from the Palomar and UK Schmidt survey plates and made available to the community. Like its predecessor (GSC-I), the GSC-II was primarily created to provide guide star information and observation planning support for HST. This version, however, is already employed at some of the ground-based new-technology telescopes such as GEMINI, VLT, and TNG, and will also be used to provide support for the JWST and Gaia space missions as well as LAMOST, one of the major ongoing scientific projects in China. Two catalogs have already been extracted from the GSC-II database and released to the astronomical community. A magnitude-limited (R=18.0) version, GSC2.2, was distributed soon after its production in 2001, while the GSC2.3 release has been available for general access since 2007. The GSC2.3 catalog described in this paper contains astrometry, photometry, and classification for 945,592,683 objects down to the magnitude limit of the plates. Positions are tied to the ICRS; for stellar sources, the all-sky average absolute error per coordinate ranges from 0.2" to 0.28" depending on magnitude. When dealing with extended objects, astrometric errors are 20% worse in the case of galaxies and approximately a factor of 2 worse for blended images. Stellar photometry is determined to 0.13-0.22 mag as a function of magnitude and photographic passbands (B,R,I). Outside of the galactic plane, stellar classification is reliable to at least 90% confidence for magnitudes brighter than R=19.5, and the catalog is complete to R=20.
description: 52 pages, 33 figures, to be published in AJ August 2008
Nonequilibrium dark space phase transition
Creators: name: Carollo, Federico
name: Lesanovsky, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the concept of dark space phase transition, which may occur in open many-body quantum systems where irreversible decay, interactions and quantum interference compete. Our study is based on a quantum many-body model, that is inspired by classical nonequilibrium processes which feature phase transitions into an absorbing state, such as epidemic spreading. The possibility for different dynamical paths to interfere quantum mechanically results in collective dynamical behavior without classical counterpart. We identify two competing dark states, a trivial one corresponding to a classical absorbing state and an emergent one which is quantum coherent. We establish a nonequilibrium phase transition within this dark space that features a phenomenology which cannot be encountered in classical systems. Such emergent two-dimensional dark space may find technological applications, e.g. for the collective encoding of a quantum information.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Mott-insulating and glassy phases of polaritons in 1D arrays of coupled cavities
Creators: name: Rossini, Davide
name: Fazio, Rosario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of analytical and numerical methods we analyze the phase diagram of polaritons in one-dimensional coupled cavities. We locate the phase boundary, discuss the behavior of the polariton compressibility and visibility fringes across the critical point, and find a non-trivial scaling of the phase boundary as a function of the number of atoms inside each cavity. We also predict the emergence of a polaritonic glassy phase when the number of atoms fluctuates from cavity to cavity.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Published version
De la ciudad a la frontera: A comparative analysis of degree and certificate completion for Hispanic males in border and urban regions in Texas
Creators: name: Sáenz, Victor B
name: Sánchez, Nydia
name: Ryu, Wonsun
name: Burmicky, Jorge
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2019
Subjects: Latino Men
Educational Policy

description: This policy brief examines trends from border and urban regions of Texas. While border and urban regions have distinct characteristics and traits, together these regions serve a significant proportion of all Hispanic male students in the state. By understanding the needs of Hispanic males from border and urban regions, Texas can be better prepared to meet the goals of 60x30TX.
Improved measurement of the CKM angle gamma in B^-+ -> D^(*) K^(*)-+ decays with a Dalitz plot analysis of D decays to K_S^0 pi^+ pi^- and K_S^0 K^+ K^-
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an improved measurement of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa {\it CP}-violating phase $γ$ through a Dalitz plot analysis of neutral $D$ meson decays to $K_S^0 π^+ π^-$ and $K_S^0 K^+ K^-$ in the processes $B^\mp \to D K^\mp$, $B^\mp \to D^* K^\mp$ with $D^* \to Dπ^0,Dγ$, and $B^\mp \to D K^{*\mp}$ with $K^{*\mp} \to K_S^0 π^\mp$. Using a sample of 383 million $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected by the BABAR detector, we measure $γ=(76 \pm 22 \pm 5 \pm 5)^\circ$ (mod $180^\circ$), where the first error is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third reflects the uncertainty on the description of the Dalitz plot distributions. The corresponding two standard deviation region is $29^\circ < γ< 122^\circ$. This result has a significance of direct {\it CP} violation ($γ\ne 0$) of 3.0 standard deviations.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables. Accepted by Phys. Rev. D
Classical big-bounce cosmology: dynamical analysis of a homogeneous and irrotational Weyssenhoff fluid
Creators: name: Brechet, S. D.
name: Hobson, M. P.
name: Lasenby, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dynamical analysis of an effective homogeneous and irrotational Weyssenhoff fluid in general relativity is performed using the 1+3 covariant approach that enables the dynamics of the fluid to be determined without assuming any particular form for the space-time metric. The spin contributions to the field equations produce a bounce that averts an initial singularity, provided that the spin density exceeds the rate of shear. At later times, when the spin contribution can be neglected, a Weyssenhoff fluid reduces to a standard cosmological fluid in general relativity. Numerical solutions for the time evolution of the generalised scale factor in spatially-curved models are presented, some of which exhibit eternal oscillatory behaviour without any singularities. In spatially-flat models, analytical solutions for particular values of the equation-of-state parameter are derived. Although the scale factor of a Weyssenhoff fluid generically has a positive temporal curvature near a bounce, it requires unreasonable fine tuning of the equation-of-state parameter to produce a sufficiently extended period of inflation to fit the current observational data.
description: 34 pages, 18 figures
Recent Results from T2K
Creators: name: Berns, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on latest results from the Tokai-to-Kamioka experiment studying the disappearance of $ν_μ$ and appearance of $ν_e$ from neutrino oscillation with accelerator generated neutrinos. Thanks to increase in statistics and numerous upgrades to each part of the oscillation analysis, we set the most sensitive constraints on some of the oscillation parameters, including in particular the CP-violation angle $δ_\mathrm{CP}$. Future prospects are also briefly discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, contribution to the 2021 EW session of the 55th Rencontres de Moriond, original talk given on 2021-03-24, accompanying slides can be found at http://moriond.in2p3.fr/2021/EW/Program.html
The hexaquark-flavoured antiK-N-N state computed microscopically with a clusterized octoquark
Creators: name: Bicudo, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possible production processes of the antiK-NN are explored. We derive microscopically, with the RGM, the microscopic derivation of the K-N and antiK-N interactions. We discuss the binding or not binding of the different antiK-N and antiK-NN systems. When binding occurs, the respective decay widths are also discussed.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, talk presented at MENU 2007 11th International Conference on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon September10-14, 2007, IKP, Forschungzentrum Julich
X-ray emission from magnetized neutron star atmospheres at low mass accretion rates. I. Phase-averaged spectrum
Creators: name: Sokolova-Lapa, E.
name: Gornostaev, M.
name: Wilms, J.
name: Ballhausen, R.
name: Falkner, S.
name: Postnov, K.
name: Thalhammer, P.
name: Fürst, F.
name: García, J. A.
name: Shakura, N.
name: Becker, P. A.
name: Wolff, M. T.
name: Pottschmidt, K.
name: Härer, L.
name: Malacaria, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of X-ray pulsars at low luminosities allow, for the first time, to compare theoretical models for the emission from highly magnetized neutron star atmospheres at low mass accretion rates ($\dot{M} \lesssim 10^{15}$ g s$^{-1}$) with the broadband X-ray data. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the spectral formation in the neutron star atmosphere at low $\dot{M}$ and to conduct a parameter study of physical properties of the emitting region. We obtain the structure of the static atmosphere, assuming that Coulomb collisions are the dominant deceleration process. The upper part of the atmosphere is strongly heated by the braking plasma, reaching temperatures of 30-40 keV, while its denser isothermal interior is much cooler (~2 keV). We numerically solve the polarized radiative transfer in the atmosphere with magnetic Compton scattering, free-free processes, and non-thermal cyclotron emission due to possible collisional excitations of electrons. The strongly polarized emitted spectrum has a double-hump shape that is observed in low-luminosity X-ray pulsars. A low-energy "thermal" component is dominated by extraordinary photons that can leave the atmosphere from deeper layers due to their long mean free path at soft energies. We find that a high-energy component is formed due to resonant Comptonization in the heated non-isothermal part of the atmosphere even in the absence of collisional excitations. The latter, however, affect the ratio of the two components. A strong cyclotron line originates from the optically thin, uppermost zone. A fit of the model to NuSTAR and Swift/XRT observations of GX 304-1 provides an accurate description of the data with reasonable parameters. The model can thus reproduce the characteristic double-hump spectrum observed in low-luminosity X-ray pulsars and provides insights into spectral formation.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, A&A accepted
Extracting Galaxy Cluster Gas Inhomogeneity from X-ray Surface Brightness: A Statistical Approach and Application to Abell 3667
Creators: name: Kawahara, Hajime
name: Reese, Erik D.
name: Kitayama, Tetsu
name: Sasaki, Shin
name: Suto, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our previous analysis indicates that small-scale fluctuations in the intracluster medium (ICM) from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations follow the lognormal distribution. In order to test the lognormal nature of the ICM directly against X-ray observations of galaxy clusters, we develop a method of extracting statistical information about the three-dimensional properties of the fluctuations from the two-dimensional X-ray surface brightness. We first create a set of synthetic clusters with lognormal fluctuations. Performing mock observations of these synthetic clusters, we find that the resulting X-ray surface brightness fluctuations also follow the lognormal distribution fairly well. Systematic analysis of the synthetic clusters provides an empirical relation between the density fluctuations and the X-ray surface brightness. We analyze \chandra observations of the galaxy cluster Abell 3667, and find that its X-ray surface brightness fluctuations follow the lognormal distribution. While the lognormal model was originally motivated by cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, this is the first observational confirmation of the lognormal signature in a real cluster. Finally we check the synthetic cluster results against clusters from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. As a result of the complex structure exhibited by simulated clusters, the empirical relation shows large scatter. Nevertheless we are able to reproduce the true value of the fluctuation amplitude of simulated clusters within a factor of two from their X-ray surface brightness alone. Our current methodology combined with existing observational data is useful in describing and inferring the statistical properties of the three dimensional inhomogeneity in galaxy clusters.
description: 34 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Implementing ‘Responsible Business Conduct’ Approaches Under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights at the Time of COVID-19
Creators: name: Fasciglione, Marco
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: COVID-19 and the EU
subject: business and human rights
subject: labour rights
subject: responsible business conduct
subject: UN guiding principles on business and human rights
subject: human rights due diligence legislation

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2020 5(3), 1435-1450
description: European Forum Insight of 10 November 2020
description: I. Introduction. - II. COVID-19, human rights and shareholder primacy. - III. The UNGPs, the scope of the corporate responsibility to respect and the COVID-19 crisis. - IV. The content of the corporate responsibility to respect and the COVID-19 crisis. - V. Human rights due diligence and the COVID-19 crisis. - VI. Post-pandemic developments: the EU path towards mandatory human rights due diligence laws. - VII. Conclusions: actors, responsibilities and rights in the post-pandemic society.
description: COVID-19 has prompted unprecedented changes to daily life across the EU and has affected the enjoyment of many of the rights set out in human rights international treaties. While the current debate on the impact of COVID-19 on human rights mainly has focused its attention on the role of States, on the emergency measures they have to adopt to contain the Pandemic spread and on the measures they are urged to implement to safe-guard rights of individuals, less attention has been devoted to the role played by the private sector. The objective of the paper is exactly to review such a role and to assess, in the light of the UN Guiding Principles on Busi-ness and Human Rights (UNGPs), the scope and the content of the Corporate Responsibility to Respect (CRtoR). Under the UNGPs, in effect, enterprises are asked to implement responsible business conduct by respecting human rights in the course of their operations and throughout the entire value chain. Companies are asked to take the necessary measures to prevent their activities from having a negative impact on human rights and, if an impact is originated, to prevent, mitigate and remedy it. This framework applies of course also in respect to the human rights risks associated to pandemic outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 crisis.
Critical Casimir Effect in superfluid wetting films
Creators: name: Maciolek, A.
name: Gambassi, A.
name: Dietrich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental data for the complete wetting behavior of pure 4He and of 3He-4He mixtures exposed to solid substrates show that there is a change of the corresponding film thicknesses L upon approaching thermodynamically the lambda-transition and the tricritical end point, respectively, which can be attributed to critical Casimir forces f_C. We calculate the scaling functions vartheta of f_C within models representing the corresponding universality classes. For the mixtures our analysis provides an understanding of the rich behavior of vartheta deduced from the experimental data and predicts the crossover behavior between the tricritical point and the lambda-transition of pure 4He which are connected by a line of critical points. The formation of a 'soft-mode' phase within the wetting films gives rise to a pronounced maximum of f_C below the tricritical point as observed experimentally. Near the tricritical point we find logarithmic corrections ~L^(-3)(ln L)^(1/2) for the leading behavior of vartheta dominating the contributions from the background dispersion forces.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures
title: Special Focus on Pre-trial Detention and Its Alternatives Under EU Law: An Introduction
Creators: name: Montaldo, Stefano
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: European Supervision Order
subject: pre-trial detention
subject: alternatives
subject: harmonisation
subject: judicial cooperation in criminal matters
subject: right to personal liberty

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2020 5(3), 1573-1576
description: European Forum Highlight of 4 November 2020
description: This Highlight introduces the European papers special focus on pre-trial detention and its alternatives under EU law. It frames the highly controversial topic of overuse of pre-trial custodial measures within the Unions system of judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Specific attention is devoted to the European supervision Order and to the vertical division of competences between the EU and its Member States in its sensitive domain.
Analytic expressions for geometric cross-sections of fractal dust aggregates
Creators: name: Tazaki, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In protoplanetary discs and planetary atmospheres, dust grains coagulate to form fractal dust aggregates. The geometric cross-section of these aggregates is a crucial parameter characterizing aerodynamical friction, collision rates, and opacities. However, numerical measurements of the cross-section are often time-consuming as aggregates exhibit complex shapes. In this study, we derive a novel analytic expression for geometric cross-sections of fractal aggregates. If an aggregate consists of $N$ monomers of radius $R_0$, its geometric cross-section $G$ is expressed as \begin{equation} \frac{G}{NπR_0^2}=\frac{A}{1+(N-1)\tildeσ}, \nonumber \end{equation} where $\tildeσ$ is an overlapping efficiency, and $A$ is a numerical factor connecting the analytic expression to the small non-fractal cluster limit. The overlapping efficiency depends on the fractal dimension, fractal prefactor, and $N$ of the aggregate, and its analytic expression is derived as well. The analytic expressions successfully reproduce numerically measured cross-sections of aggregates. We also find that our expressions are compatible with the mean-field light scattering theory of aggregates in the geometrical optics limit. The analytic expressions greatly simplify an otherwise tedious calculation and will be useful in model calculations of fractal grain growth in protoplanetary discs and planetary atmospheres.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table; Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Multi-tracer analysis of straight depolarisation canals in the surroundings of the 3C 196 field
Creators: name: Turić, Luka
name: Jelić, Vibor
name: Jaspers, Rutger
name: Haverkorn, Marijke
name: Bracco, Andrea
name: Erceg, Ana
name: Ceraj, Lana
name: van Eck, Cameron
name: Zaroubi, Saleem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Faraday tomography of a field centred on the extragalactic point source 3C 196 with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) revealed an intertwined structure of diffuse polarised emission with straight depolarisation canals and tracers of the magnetized and multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM), such as dust and line emission from atomic hydrogen (HI). This study aims at extending the multi-tracer analysis of LOFAR data to three additional fields in the surroundings of the 3C 196 field. For the first time, we study the three-dimensional structure of the LOFAR emission by determining the distance to the depolarisation canals. We use the Rolling Hough Transform to compare the orientation of the depolarisation canals with that of the filamentary structure seen in HI and, based on starlight and dust polarisation data, with that of the plane-of-the-sky magnetic field. Stellar parallaxes from $Gaia$ complement the starlight polarisation with the corresponding distances. Faraday tomography of the three fields shows a rich network of diffuse polarised emission at Faraday depths between $-10~{\rm rad~m^{-2}}$ and $+15~{\rm rad~m^{-2}}$. A complex system of straight depolarisation canals resembles that of the 3C 196 field. The depolarisation canals align both with the HI filaments and with the magnetic field probed by dust. The observed alignment suggests that an ordered magnetic field organises the multiphase ISM over a large area ($\sim$20$^{\circ}$). In one field, two groups of stars at distances below and above 200 pc, respectively, show distinct magnetic-field orientations. These are both comparable with the orientations of the depolarisation canals in the same field. We conclude that the depolarisation canals likely trace the same change of the magnetic field as probed by the stars, which corresponds to the edge of the Local Bubble.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Arbitrage and deflators in illiquid markets
Creators: name: Pennanen, Teemu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a stochastic model for discrete-time trading in financial markets where trading costs are given by convex cost functions and portfolios are constrained by convex sets. The model does not assume the existence of a cash account/numeraire. In addition to classical frictionless markets and markets with transaction costs or bid-ask spreads, our framework covers markets with nonlinear illiquidity effects for large instantaneous trades. In the presence of nonlinearities, the classical notion of arbitrage turns out to have two equally meaningful generalizations, a marginal and a scalable one. We study their relations to state price deflators by analyzing two auxiliary market models describing the local and global behavior of the cost functions and constraints.
Increase of the mean inner Coulomb potential in Au clusters induced by surface tension and its implication for electron scattering
Creators: name: Popescu, R.
name: Mueller, E.
name: Wanner, M.
name: Gerthsen, D.
name: Scowalter, M.
name: Rosenauer, A.
name: Boettcher, A.
name: Loeffler, D.
name: Weis, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron holography in a transmission electron microscope was applied to measure the phase shift induced by Au clusters as a function of the cluster size. Large phase shifts Df observed for small Au clusters cannot be described by the well-known equation Df=C_E V_0 t (C_E: interaction constant, V_0: mean inner Coulomb potential (MIP) of bulk gold, t: cluster thickness). The rapid increase of the Au MIP with decreasing cluster size derived from Df, can be explained by the compressive strain of surface atoms in the cluster.
title: Dual Preliminarity Within the Scope of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights in the Light of Order 182/2020 of the Italian Constitutional Court
Creators: name: Lazzerini, Nicole
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: dual preliminarity
subject: Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union
subject: Constitutional Court
subject: Court of Justice
subject: preliminary ruling
subject: direct effect

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2020 5(3), 1463-1476
description: European Forum Insight of 25 November 2020
description: I. Introduction. - II. Dual preliminarity after decision 269/2017: taking fundamental rights differently. - III. The main proceedings in order 182/2020. - IV. The main proceedings in order 182/2020. - V. An expanded scope for the CC's dual preliminarity competence? - VI. The evolving approach to the preliminary ruling procedure. - VII. The choice of the parameters for constitutional review.
description: The Insight discusses order 182/2020 of 30 July 2020 of the Italian Constitutional Court against the background of the latter Court's approach to dual preliminarity inaugurated in decision 269/2017. It argues that the order confirms an expansionist trend as regards the scope of the Court's competence in cases concerning the violation of fundamental rights granted both by the Constitution and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. At the same time, however, the order is permeated by a spirit of loyal and constructive collaboration with the Court of Justice, which emerges, notably, from the approach to the preliminary ruling procedure.
Ethical dilemmas working with older adults: in-depth interviews with Australian psychologists
Creators: name: Jones, Dina
name: Knowles, Ann
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: As Australia ages there are increasing opportunities for psychologists to contribute to the wellbeing of older adults. These clients have particular vulnerabilities that need to be considered when dealing with ethical issues. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of how Australian psychologists manage ethical dilemmas when working with older adults. Eighteen psychologists participated in semi-structured interviews during which they provided 30 cases which were identified as suitable for analysis. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using interpretative content analysis. The 30 case studies included a range of residential situations and professional settings. The findings indicated that: (1) Ethical dilemmas presented by psychologists reflect the ethical principles of respect, dignity and propriety, (2) Many considerations are taken into account by psychologists when deciding how they manage ethical dilemmas, and (3) Elder abuse is a challenging and prevalent ethical issue for psychologists. This study demonstrates that psychologists use a sophisticated process of ethical decision making when working with older adults and provides a new resource for research and training psychologists in applied ethics. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic:(1) Australia has an increasing older adult population.(2) Currently most psychologists have limited experience working with older adults.(3) Client’s age impacts on psychologists’ attitudes and behaviours. (1) Australia has an increasing older adult population. (2) Currently most psychologists have limited experience working with older adults. (3) Client’s age impacts on psychologists’ attitudes and behaviours. What this topic adds:(1) In this study psychologists provided cases from their clinical experience that highlight the complexity of working with older adults.(2) When managing ethical dilemmas psychologists are mindful of the tension that exists between respecting client autonomy and acting in the client’s best interests.(3) Elder abuse is a challenging and prevalent issue for Australian psychologists. (1) In this study psychologists provided cases from their clinical experience that highlight the complexity of working with older adults. (2) When managing ethical dilemmas psychologists are mindful of the tension that exists between respecting client autonomy and acting in the client’s best interests. (3) Elder abuse is a challenging and prevalent issue for Australian psychologists.
Nonhomeomorphic conjugates of connected Shimura varieties
Creators: name: Milne, James S.
name: Suh, Junecue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G35, 11F22, 32N15

description: We show that conjugation by an automorphism of the complex numbers (as an abstract field) may change the topological fundamental group of a locally symmetric variety over C. As a consequence, we obtain a large class of algebraic varieties defined over number fields with the property that different embeddings of the number field into C give complex varieties with nonisomorphic fundamental groups.
title: A New EU Sanctions Regime Against Human Rights Violations
Creators: name: Finelli, Francesca
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Restrictive measures
subject: Common Foreign and Security Policy
subject: EU smart sanctions
subject: human rights violations
subject: EU external action

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2020 5(3), 1569-1571
description: European Forum Highlight of 01 December 2020
description: This Highlight analyses the recent Joint Proposal for a Council Regulation concerning EU smart sanctions against serious human rights violations and abuses worldwide. The proposed sanctions regime has been a debated issue over the last few years. The Joint Proposal takes an important step forward, with the view of providing the EU with a new tool of Common Foreign and Security Policy, enhancing its leadership in promoting and protecting human rights worldwide.
Evolutions of CH$_3$CN abundance in molecular clumps
Creators: name: He, Zhen-Zhen
name: Li, Guang-Xing
name: Zhang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To investigate the effects of massive star evolution on surrounding molecules, we select 9 massive clumps previously observed with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) telescope and the Submillimeter Array (SMA) telescope. Based on the observations of APEX, we obtain luminosity to mass ratio L$_{\rm clump}$/M$_{\rm clump}$ that range from 10 to 154 L$_{\sun}$/M$_{\sun}$, where some of them embedded Ultra Compact (UC) H\,{\footnotesize II} region. Using the SMA, CH$_3$CN (12$_{\rm K}$--11$_{\rm K}$) transitions were observed toward 9 massive star-forming regions. We derive the CH$_3$CN rotational temperature and column density using XCLASS program, and calculate its fractional abundance. We find that CH$_3$CN temperature seems to increase with the increase of L$_{\rm clump}$/M$_{\rm clump}$ when the ratio is between 10 to 40 L$_{\sun}$/M$_{\sun}$, then decrease when L$_{\rm clump}$/M$_{\rm clump}$ $\ge$ 40 L$_{\sun}$/M$_{\sun}$. Assuming the CH$_3$CN gas is heated by radiation from the central star, the effective distance of CH$_3$CN relative to the central star is estimated. The distance range from $\sim$ 0.003 to $\sim$ 0.083 pc, which accounts for $\sim$ 1/100 to $\sim$ 1/1000 of clump size. The effective distance increases slightly as L$_{\rm clump}$/M$_{\rm clump}$ increases (R$_{\rm eff}$ $\sim$ (L$_{\rm clump}$/M$_{\rm clump}$)$^{0.5\pm0.2}$). Overall, the CH$_3$CN abundance is found to decrease as the clumps evolve, e.g., X$_{\rm CH_3CN}$ $\sim$ (L$_{\rm clump}$/M$_{\rm clump}$)$^{-1.0\pm0.7}$. The steady decline of CH$_3$CN abundance as the clumps evolution can be interpreted as a result of photodissociation.
Thermotunnel refrigerator with vacuum/insulator tunnel barrier: A theoretical analysis
Creators: name: Tavkhelidze, Avto
name: Svanidze, Vasiko
name: Tsakadze, Leri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The authors use two insulator layers in thermotunnel refrigerator to modify the shape of the tunneling barrier so that electrons with high kinetic energy pass it with increased probability. Theoretical analysis show that the overall tunneling current between the electrodes contains an increased number of high kinetic energy electrons and a reduced number of low energy ones, leading to high efficiency. The particular case of vacuum gap and solid insulator layer is calculated using digital methods. Efficiency remains high in the wide range of the emitter electric field. The cooling coefficient is found to be as high as 40%-50% in the wide range of the emitter electric field.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Color-kinematics duality from the Bern-Kosower formalism
Creators: name: Ahmadiniaz, Naser
name: Balli, Filippo Maria
name: Lopez-Arcos, Cristhiam
name: Velez, Alexander Quintero
name: Schubert, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Berends-Giele currents are fundamental building blocks for on-shell amplitudes in non-abelian gauge theory. We present a novel procedure to construct them using the Bern-Kosower formalism for one-loop gluon amplitudes. Applying the pinch procedure of that formalism to a suitable special case the currents are naturally obtained in terms of multi-particle fields and obeying colour-kinematics duality. As a feedback to the Bern-Kosower formalism we outline how the multi-particle polarisations and field-strength tensors can be used to significantly streamline the pinch procedure.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
CausalPath Analysis Inputs and Outputs
Creators: name: Babur, Özgün
name: Luna, Augustin
name: Korkut, Anil
name: Durupinar, Funda
name: Siper, Metin C.
name: Dogrusoz, Ugur
name: Jacome, Alvaro S.V.
name: Peckner, Ryan
name: Christianson, Karen E.
name: Jaffe, Jacob D.
name: Spellman, Paul T.
name: Aslan, Joseph E.
name: Sander, Chris
name: Demir, Emek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Proteomic pathway analysis

description: This archive contains the inputs and outputs of the analyses related to the manuscript "Causal interactions from proteomic profiles: molecular data meets pathway knowledge".