cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Limiting Majoron self-interactions from Gravitational waves experiments
Creators: name: Addazi, Andrea
name: Marciano, Antonino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how Majoron models may be tested/limited in gravitational waves experiments. In particular, the Majoron self-interaction potential may induce a first order phase transition, producing gravitational waves from bubble collisions. We dubbed such a new scenario {\it violent Majoron model}, because it would be associated to a violent phase transition in the early Universe. Sphaleron constraints can be avoided if the global $U(1)_{B-L}$ is broken at scales lower than the electroweak scale, provided that the B-L spontaneously breaking scale is lower than $10\, {\rm TeV}$ in order to satisfy the cosmological mass density bound. The possibility of a sub-electroweak phase transition is practically unconstrained by cosmological bounds and it may be detected within the sensitivity of next generation of gravitational waves experiments: eLISA, DECIGO and BBO. We also comment on the possible detection in CEPC collider, where Majorons's production can be observed from Higgs' portals in missing transverse energy channels.
description: More technical details added. The conclusions are the same
BPS black holes from massive IIA on S$^6$
Creators: name: Guarino, Adolfo
name: Tarrio, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present BPS black hole solutions in a four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ supergravity with an abelian dyonic gauging of the universal hypermultiplet moduli space. This supergravity arises as the SU(3)-invariant subsector in the reduction of massive IIA supergravity on a six-sphere. The solutions are supported by non-constant scalar, vector and tensor fields and interpolate between a unique $\textrm{AdS}_{2} \,\times\, \textrm{H}^2$ geometry in the near-horizon region and the domain-wall DW$_{4}$ (four-dimensional) description of the D2-brane at the boundary. Some special solutions with charged AdS$_{4}$ or non-relativistic scaling behaviours in the ultraviolet are also presented.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures and 1 appendix. v2: New appendix, comments and references added, published version
The Long-Moody construction and polynomial functors
Creators: name: Souli{é}, Arthur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In 1994, Long and Moody gave a construction on representations of braid groups which associates a representation of \mathbf{B}\_{n} with a representation of \mathbf{B}\_{n+1}. In this paper, we prove that this construction is functorial and can be extended: it inspires endofunctors, called Long-Moody functors, between the category of functors from Quillen's bracket construction associated with the braid groupoid to a module category. Then we study the effect of Long-Moody functors on strong polynomial functors: we prove that they increase by one the degree of very strong polynomiality.
Polynomials in operator space theory: matrix ordering and algebraic aspects
Creators: name: Luthra, Preeti
name: Kumar, Ajay
name: Rajpal, Vandana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We extend the $λ$-theory of operator spaces given by Defant and Wiesner (2014), that generalizes the notion of the projective, Haagerup and Schur tensor norm for operator spaces to matrix ordered spaces and Banach $*$-algebras. Given matrix regular operator spaces and operator systems, we introduce cones related to $λ$ for the algebraic tensor product that respect the matricial structure of matrix regular operator spaces and operator systems, respectively. The ideal structure of $λ$-tensor product of $C^*$-algebras has also been discussed.
description: The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11117-017-0532-7. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1504.02846
Regularity theorem for totally nonnegative flag varieties
Creators: name: Galashin, Pavel
name: Karp, Steven N.
name: Lam, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 14M15. Secondary: 05E45, 15B48, 20G20

description: We show that the totally nonnegative part of a partial flag variety $G/P$ (in the sense of Lusztig) is a regular CW complex, confirming a conjecture of Williams. In particular, the closure of each positroid cell inside the totally nonnegative Grassmannian is homeomorphic to a ball, confirming a conjecture of Postnikov.
description: 63 pages, 2 figures; v2: Minor changes; v3: Final version to appear in J. Amer. Math. Soc
Existence of nearest-neighbor and variable range hopping in Pr$_2$ZnMnO$_6$ oxygen-intercalated pseudocapacitor electrode
Creators: name: Rudra, Moumin
name: Tripathi, H. S.
name: Dutta, Alo
name: Sinha, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectrum authenticate the monoclinic P21/n structure of polycrystalline Pr$_2$ZnMnO$_6$ (PZM) synthesized by the solid-state reaction technique. The X-ray photoemission spectrum suggests the existence of oxygen vacancy in PZM, which plays a crucial role in electrical conduction as well as in electrochemical behavior. The existence of two different conduction mechanisms (such as nearest-neighbor hopping (NNH) and Mott variable range hopping (MVRH)) is observed from the investigation of dc conductivity studies, dielectric relaxation, and impedance analysis of PZM. It is found that below 580 K, there is a transition from NNH to MVRH due to the decrease of activation energy. The constant phase element model is used to correlate the Nyquist plot and electric modulus of PZM. The bulk PZM electrode exhibits intercalated pseudocapacitive nature which offers an efficient specific capacitance of 69.14 F/g at a charge and discharge currents of 2 A/g in an aqueous solution of 1 M KOH. The charge storage mechanism of the PZM electrode has been analyzed and discussed.
description: 45 pages, 12 Figures, 2 Tables
Quadratic automaton algebras and intermediate growth
Creators: name: Iyudu, Natalia
name: Shkarin, Stanislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17A45, 16A22

description: We present an example of a quadratic algebra given by three generators and three relations, which is automaton (the set of normal words forms a regular language) and such that its ideal of relations does not possess a finite Gröbner basis with respect to any choice of generators and any choice of a well-ordering of monomials compatible with multiplication. This answers a question of Ufnarovski. Another result is a simple example (4 generators and 7 relations) of a quadratic algebra of intermediate growth.
description: To appear in Journal of Cobinatorial Algebra
(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate protects pancreatic β-cell against excessive autophagy-induced injury through promoting FTO degradation
Creators: name: Shao, Yixue
name: Zhang, Yuhan
name: Zou, Suyun
name: Wang, Jianan
name: Li, Xirui
name: Qin, Miaozhen
name: Sun, Liangjun
name: Yin, Wenyue
name: Chang, Xiaoai
name: Wang, Shusen
name: Han, Xiao
name: Wu, Tijun
name: Chen, Fang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Excessive macroautophagy/autophagy leads to pancreatic β-cell failure that contributes to the development of diabetes. Our previous study proved that the occurrence of deleterious hyperactive autophagy attributes to glucolipotoxicity-induced NR3C1 activation. Here, we explored the potential protective effects of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) on β-cell-specific NR3C1 overexpression mice in vivo and NR3C1-enhanced β cells in vitro. We showed that EGCG protects pancreatic β cells against NR3C1 enhancement-induced failure through inhibiting excessive autophagy. RNA demethylase FTO (FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase) caused diminished m6A modifications on mRNAs of three pro-oxidant genes (Tlr4, Rela, Src) and, hence, oxidative stress occurs; by contrast, EGCG promotes FTO degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in NR3C1-enhanced β cells, which alleviates oxidative stress, and thereby prevents excessive autophagy. Moreover, FTO overexpression abolishes the beneficial effects of EGCG on β cells against NR3C1 enhancement-induced damage. Collectively, our results demonstrate that EGCG protects pancreatic β cells against NR3C1 enhancement-induced excessive autophagy through suppressing FTO-stimulated oxidative stress, which provides novel insights into the mechanisms for the anti-diabetic effect of EGCG.
Nestings of rational homogeneous varieties
Creators: name: Muñoz, Roberto
name: Occhetta, Gianluca
name: Conde, Luis E. Solá
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J45 (Primary), 14E30, 14M15, 14M17 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we study the existence of sections of universal bundles on rational homogeneous varieties -- called nestings -- classifying them completely in the case in which the Lie algebra of the automorphism group of the variety is simple of classical type. In particular we show that, under this hypothesis, nestings do not exist unless there exists a proper algebraic subgroup of the automorphism group acting transitively on the base variety.
description: Major revision of the exposition. To appear in Tranformation Groups
Automating Unrealizability Logic: Hoare-Style Proof Synthesis for Infinite Sets of Programs
Creators: name: Nagy, Shaan
name: Kim, Jinwoo
name: Reps, Thomas
name: D'Antoni, Loris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated verification of all members of a (potentially infinite) set of programs has the potential to be useful in program synthesis, as well as in verification of dynamically loaded code, concurrent code, and language properties. Existing techniques for verification of sets of programs are limited in scope and unable to create or use interpretable or reusable information about sets of programs. The consequence is that one cannot learn anything from one verification problem that can be used in another. Unrealizability Logic (UL), proposed by Kim et al. as the first Hoare-style proof system to prove properties over sets of programs (defined by a regular tree grammar), presents a theoretical framework that can express and use reusable insight. In particular, UL features nonterminal summaries -- inductive facts that characterize recursive nonterminals (analogous to procedure summaries in Hoare logic). In this work, we design the first UL proof synthesis algorithm, implemented as Wuldo. Specifically, we decouple the problem of deciding how to apply UL rules from the problem of synthesizing/checking nonterminal summaries by computing proof structure in a fully syntax-directed fashion. We show that Wuldo, when provided nonterminal summaries, can express and prove verification problems beyond the reach of existing tools, including establishing how infinitely many programs behave on infinitely many inputs. In some cases, Wuldo can even synthesize the necessary nonterminal summaries. Moreover, Wuldo can reuse previously proven nonterminal summaries across verification queries, making verification 1.96 times as fast as when summaries are instead proven from scratch.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, Will be published in OOPSLA '24 (Vol. 8, No. OOPSLA2, Article 275)
Cluster-Void Degeneracy Breaking: Modified Gravity in the Balance
Creators: name: Sahlén, Martin
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining galaxy cluster and void abundances is a novel, powerful way to constrain deviations from General Relativity and the $Λ$CDM model. For a flat $w$CDM model with growth of large-scale structure parameterized by the redshift-dependent growth index $γ(z) = γ_0 + γ_1 z/(1+z)$ of linear matter perturbations, combining void and cluster abundances in future surveys with Euclid and the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) could improve the Figure of Merit for ($w, γ_0, γ_1$) by a factor of 20 compared to individual abundances. In an ideal case, improvement on current cosmological data is a Figure of Merit factor $600$ or more.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables. Matches published version. Added redshift-dependent growth index, significantly extended discussion on void sensitivity to cosmological parameters. Basic conclusions unchanged
Pratique déclarées d'enseignants qui utilisent la littérature bi-/plurilingue dans les écoles de langue française en Ontario
Creators: name: Trottin, Mélissande
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2023
Subjects: littérature bi-/plurilingue
pratiques d'enseignement
contexte francophone minoritaire
diversité linguistique et culturelle
enseignement du français

description: Née d'un désir de mettre en avant le travail novateur d'enseignants qui sortent des sentiers battus, notre recherche multicas a pour objectif de décrire les pratiques déclarées d'enseignants en contexte franco-ontarien qui utilisent la littérature bi-/plurilingue. Ce type de littérature permettrait, entre autres, de valoriser et de mettre à profit le répertoire linguistique pluriel des élèves qui évoluent dans un contexte minoritaire. À ce jour, les recherches s'intéressent davantage aux avantages liés à ce médium et ne décrivent que peu, de façon concrète, comment il est utilisé en salle de classe. À l'aide d'un questionnaire portant sur l'utilisation de cette littérature et d'une série d'entrevues semi-dirigées, nous avons eu accès aux différentes pratiques déclarées de trois enseignants qui œuvrent à l'élémentaire et de deux enseignants qui œuvrent au secondaire dans des écoles de langue française en Ontario. Plus précisément, ils nous ont décrit, par l'entremise d'un maximum de trois livres bi-/plurilingues qu'ils ont choisis, leurs façons de mettre en œuvre les trois moments clés d'une pratique d'enseignement en lecture : avant la lecture, pendant la lecture et après la lecture. Les résultats montrent que les enseignants utilisant la littérature bi-/plurilingue emploient des pratiques déjà décrites dans la recherche scientifique sur l'utilisation de la littérature monolingue et bi-/plurilingue. Cela étant, ils en créent également de nouvelles, afin de s'adapter aux spécificités des œuvres qu'ils emploient et de valoriser la diversité présente dans leur classe.
Interparticle normal force in highly porous granular matter during compression
Creators: name: Arakawa, Sota
name: Tatsuuma, Misako
name: Tanaka, Hidekazu
name: Furuichi, Mikito
name: Nishiura, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a numerical simulation of compression of a highly porous dust aggregate of monodisperse spheres. We find that the average interparticle normal force within the aggregate is inversely proportional to both the filling factor and the average coordination number, and we also derive this relation theoretically. Our findings would be applicable for granular matter of arbitrary structures, as long as the constituent particles are monodisperse spheres.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in PRE
Hopping mechanisms, photoluminescence studies toward highly efficient UV-responsive Pr2MgTiO6 photocatalyst
Creators: name: Rudra, Moumin
name: Bhowmik, T. K.
name: Tripathi, H. S.
name: Kumar, R. A.
name: Sutradhar, R.
name: Sinha, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Titanium based-perovskites have got surprising attraction due to their environmentfriendly photocatalysts behavior. The Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern authenticates the orthorhombic Pnma structure of Pr2MgTiO6 (PMT). The Pr3+-Ti4+ intervalence charge transfer process plays an important role inside PMT. The dc conductivity shows a change in the hopping mechanism from nearest-neighbor hopping to a variable range hopping due to the activation energy reduction. This change in the hopping mechanism is well supported by both the relaxation time and impedance data in PMT. The constant phase element (CPE) model is utilized to fit impedance plots. The photocatalytic activity of PMT was performed under UV irradiation with the help of degradation kinetics of organic pollutants. Also, the photocatalytic efficiency of recycled and reused PMT finds 91.2% after 5th cyclic runs. The calculated band-gap is found to be 3.58 eV.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1707.02830, text overlap with arXiv:1904.11962
AI in Energy Digital Twining: A Reinforcement Learning-based Adaptive Digital Twin Model for Green Cities
Creators: name: Cakir, Lal Verda
name: Duran, Kubra
name: Thomson, Craig
name: Broadbent, Matthew
name: Canberk, Berk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Digital Twins (DT) have become crucial to achieve sustainable and effective smart urban solutions. However, current DT modelling techniques cannot support the dynamicity of these smart city environments. This is caused by the lack of right-time data capturing in traditional approaches, resulting in inaccurate modelling and high resource and energy consumption challenges. To fill this gap, we explore spatiotemporal graphs and propose the Reinforcement Learning-based Adaptive Twining (RL-AT) mechanism with Deep Q Networks (DQN). By doing so, our study contributes to advancing Green Cities and showcases tangible benefits in accuracy, synchronisation, resource optimization, and energy efficiency. As a result, we note the spatiotemporal graphs are able to offer a consistent accuracy and 55% higher querying performance when implemented using graph databases. In addition, our model demonstrates right-time data capturing with 20% lower overhead and 25% lower energy consumption.
Mixed higher-order topology and nodal and nodeless flat band topological phases in a superconducting multiorbital model
Creators: name: Arouca, Rodrigo
name: Nag, Tanay
name: Black-Schaffer, Annica M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the topological phases that appear in an orbital version of the Benalcazar-Bernevig-Hughes (BBH) model in the presence of conventional spin-singlet $s$-wave superconductivity and with the possibility of tuning an in-plane magnetic field. We chart out the phase diagram by considering different boundary conditions, with the topology of the individual phases further examined by considering both the Wannier and entanglement spectra, as well as the Majorana polarization.
 For weak to moderate values of magnetic field and superconducting pairing amplitude, we find a second-order topological superconductor phase with eight zero-energy corner modes. Further increasing field or pairing, half of the corner states can be turned into zero-energy edge-localized modes, thus forming a type of hybrid-order phase. Then, we find two different putative first-order topological phases, a nodal and a nodeless phase, both with zero-energy flat bands localized along mirror-symmetric open edges. For the nodal phase, the flat bands are localized between the nodes in reciprocal space, while in the nodeless phase, with its a full bulk gap, the zero-energy boundary flat band spans the whole Brillouin zone.
description: 14+3 pages, 14 figures
Orbital optical activity in noncentrosymmetric metals and superconductors
Creators: name: Shinada, Koki
name: Peters, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the optical activity induced by the orbital magnetic moment in metals and superconductors using Green's function formalization. We show that an apparent singularity of the optical activity vanishes in the normal state; however, it remains finite in the superconducting state and is related to the superconducting Edelstein effect, ensuring the missing area measurement. Finally, we calculate the optical activity in a model Hamiltonian mimicking doped transition metal dichalcogenides to investigate its characteristic spectrum, and we analyze the Kerr effect to discuss a possibility to observe the optical activity in experiments.
Statistical properties of probabilistic context-sensitive grammars
Creators: name: Nakaishi, Kai
name: Hukushima, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs), which are commonly used to generate trees randomly, have been well analyzed theoretically, leading to applications in various domains. Despite their utility, the distributions that the grammar can express are limited to those in which the distribution of a subtree depends only on its root and not on its context. This limitation presents a challenge for modeling various real-world phenomena, such as natural languages. To overcome this limitation, a probabilistic context-sensitive grammar (PCSG) is introduced, where the distribution of a subtree depends on its context. Numerical analysis of a PCSG reveals that the distribution of a symbol does not constitute a qualitative difference from that in the context-free case, but mutual information does. Furthermore, a novel metric introduced to directly quantify the breaking of this limitation detects a distinct difference between PCFGs and PCSGs. This metric, applicable to an arbitrary distribution of a tree, allows for further investigation and characterization of various tree structures that PCFGs cannot express.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
Unconventional topology with a Rashba spin-orbit coupled quantum gas
Creators: name: Valdés-Curiel, A.
name: Trypogeorgos, D.
name: Liang, Q. -Y.
name: Anderson, R. P.
name: Spielman, I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological order can be found in a wide range of physical systems, from crystalline solids, photonic meta-materials and even atmospheric waves to optomechanic, acoustic and atomic systems. Topological systems are a robust foundation for creating quantized channels for transporting electrical current, light, and atmospheric disturbances. These topological effects are quantified in terms of integer-valued invariants, such as the Chern number, applicable to the quantum Hall effect, or the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ invariant suitable for topological insulators. Here we engineered Rashba spin-orbit coupling for a cold atomic gas giving non-trivial topology, without the underlying crystalline structure that conventionally yields integer Chern numbers. We validated our procedure by spectroscopically measuring the full dispersion relation, that contained only a single Dirac point. We measured the quantum geometry underlying the dispersion relation and obtained the topological index using matter-wave interferometry. In contrast to crystalline materials, where topological indices take on integer values, our continuum system reveals an unconventional half-integer Chern number, potentially implying new forms of topological transport.
ML Framework for Wireless MAC Protocol Design
Creators: name: Keshtiarast, Navid
name: Petrova, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Adaptivity, reconfigurability and intelligence are key features of the next-generation wireless networks to meet the increasingly diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements of the future applications. Conventional protocol designs, however, struggle to provide flexibility and agility to changing radio environments, traffic types and different user service requirements. In this paper, we explore the potential of deep reinforcement learning (DRL), in particular Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), to design and configure intelligent and application-specific medium access control (MAC) protocols. We propose a framework that enables the addition, removal, or modification of protocol features to meet individual application needs. The DRL channel access policy design empowers the protocol to adapt and optimize in accordance with the network and radio environment. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate the superior performance of the learned protocols over legacy IEEE 802.11ac in terms of throughput and latency.
description: Accepted for Publication in IEEE ICMLCN 2024
Evolutionary dynamics of the cryptocurrency market
Creators: name: ElBahrawy, Abeer
name: Alessandretti, Laura
name: Kandler, Anne
name: Pastor-Satorras, Romualdo
name: Baronchelli, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The cryptocurrency market surpassed the barrier of \$100 billion market capitalization in June 2017, after months of steady growth. Despite its increasing relevance in the financial world, however, a comprehensive analysis of the whole system is still lacking, as most studies have focused exclusively on the behaviour of one (Bitcoin) or few cryptocurrencies. Here, we consider the history of the entire market and analyse the behaviour of 1,469 cryptocurrencies introduced between April 2013 and June 2017. We reveal that, while new cryptocurrencies appear and disappear continuously and their market capitalization is increasing (super-)exponentially, several statistical properties of the market have been stable for years. These include the number of active cryptocurrencies, the market share distribution and the turnover of cryptocurrencies. Adopting an ecological perspective, we show that the so-called neutral model of evolution is able to reproduce a number of key empirical observations, despite its simplicity and the assumption of no selective advantage of one cryptocurrency over another. Our results shed light on the properties of the cryptocurrency market and establish a first formal link between ecological modelling and the study of this growing system. We anticipate they will spark further research in this direction.
Minimal degree rational open up mappings and related questions
Creators: name: Kalmykov, Sergei
name: Nagy, Béla
name: Sète, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30C20, 13P15, 30C10

description: We establish the existence and uniqueness of rational conformal maps of minimal degree $n+1$ for opening up $n$ arcs. In earlier results, the degree was exponential in $n$. We also discuss two related problems. (a) We establish existence of rational functions of minimal degree with prescribed critical values, and show that the number of (suitably normalized) rational functions is given in terms of the Hurwitz numbers. (b) We consider the problem of finding rational functions of minimal degree with prescribed critical points, where we establish existence of solutions by considering certain polynomial equations, and where the number of normalized solutions is bounded from above by a Catalan number. We illustrate our results with two examples.
description: Thorough revision of the earlier version
Error Bounds for a Least Squares Meshless Finite Difference Method on Closed Manifolds
Creators: name: Davydov, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N15, 65N06, 65N12

description: We present an error bound for a least squares version of the kernel based meshless finite difference method for elliptic differential equations on smooth compact manifolds of arbitrary dimension without boundary. In particular, we obtain sufficient conditions for the convergence of this method. Numerical examples are provided for the equation $-Δ_\mathcal{M} u + u = f$ on the 2- and 3-spheres, where $Δ_\mathcal{M}$ is the Laplace-Beltrami operator.
The Renyi Gaussian Process: Towards Improved Generalization
Creators: name: Yue, Xubo
name: Kontar, Raed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce an alternative closed form lower bound on the Gaussian process ($\mathcal{GP}$) likelihood based on the Rényi $α$-divergence. This new lower bound can be viewed as a convex combination of the Nyström approximation and the exact $\mathcal{GP}$. The key advantage of this bound, is its capability to control and tune the enforced regularization on the model and thus is a generalization of the traditional variational $\mathcal{GP}$ regression. From a theoretical perspective, we provide the convergence rate and risk bound for inference using our proposed approach. Experiments on real data show that the proposed algorithm may be able to deliver improvement over several $\mathcal{GP}$ inference methods.
The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey. Optical identification and properties of galaxy clusters and groups in the western galactic hemisphere
Creators: name: Kluge, M.
name: Comparat, J.
name: Liu, A.
name: Balzer, F.
name: Bulbul, E.
name: Chitham, J. Ider
name: Ghirardini, V.
name: Garrel, C.
name: Bahar, Y. E.
name: Artis, E.
name: Bender, R.
name: Clerc, N.
name: Dwelly, T.
name: Fabricius, M. H.
name: Grandis, S.
name: Hernández-Lang, D.
name: Hill, G. J.
name: Joshi, J.
name: Lamer, G.
name: Merloni, A.
name: Nandra, K.
name: Pacaud, F.
name: Predehl, P.
name: Ramos-Ceja, M. E.
name: Reiprich, T. H.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Sanders, J. S.
name: Schrabback, T.
name: Seppi, R.
name: Zelmer, S.
name: Zenteno, A.
name: Zhang, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) provides the largest intracluster medium-selected galaxy cluster and group catalog covering the western galactic hemisphere. Compared to samples selected purely on X-ray extent, the sample purity can be enhanced by identifying cluster candidates using optical and near-infrared data from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. Using the red-sequence-based cluster finder eROMaPPer, we measured individual photometric properties (redshift $z_λ$, richness $λ$, optical center, and BCG position) for 12,000 eRASS1 clusters over a sky area of 13,116 deg$^2$, augmented by 247 cases identified by matching the candidates with known clusters from the literature. The median redshift of the identified eRASS1 sample is $z=0.31$, with 10% of the clusters at $z>0.72$. The photometric redshifts have an accuracy of $δz/(1+z)<0.005$ for $0.0595% for $z>0.05$. For these and further quality assessments of the eRASS1 identified catalog, we applied our identification method to a collection of galaxy cluster catalogs in the literature, as well as blindly on the full Legacy Surveys covering 24,069 deg$^2$. Using a combination of these cluster samples, we investigated the velocity dispersion-richness relation, finding $\log(λ)=2.401\times\log(σ)-5.074$ with an intrinsic scatter of $0.10\pm0.01$ dex. Our main result is the identified eRASS1 cluster catalog with a high purity and a well-defined X-ray selection process, enabling precise cosmological analyses presented in companion papers.
description: 36 pages, 23 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Quantum groups and Nichols algebras acting on conformal field theories
Creators: name: Lentner, Simon D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that certain screening operators in conformal field theory obey the algebra relations of a corresponding Nichols algebra with diagonal braiding. Our result proves in particular a long-standing expectation that the Borel parts of small quantum groups appear as the algebra of screening operators. The proof is based on a novel, intimate relation between Hopf algebras, vertex algebras and a class of multivalued analytic special functions, which are generalizations of Selberg integrals. We prove that the zeroes of these special functions correspond to the algebra relations of the respective Nichols algebra, by proving an analytical quantum symmetrizer formula for the functions. Moreover, certain poles of the functions encode module extensions and a Weyl group action. At other poles, the quantum {symmetrizer} formula fails and the screening operators generate an extension of the Nichols algebra. The intended application of our result is the conjectural logarithmic Kazhdan-Lusztig correspondence. More generally, our result seems to suggest that non-local screening operators in an arbitrary vertex algebra should be described by appropriate Nichols algebras, just as local screening operators can be described by Lie algebras.
description: 69 pages, final version to appear in AIM, additional references added
Shewade HD et al. TB ACF phase III project (obj 1 and 2) codebook (of the REC file]
Creators: name: Shewade, Hemant Deepak
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420699
subject: Public health not elsewhere classified

description: This contains the codebook (MS Excel) for the dataset pertaining to phase III (objective 1 and 2) of ICMR-NIE led TB ACF evaluation project. In other words, this includes, the codebook related to data analysis of first paper of phase III of the project.
Limit polygons of convex domains in the projective plane
Creators: name: Nie, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For any sequence of properly convex domains in the real projective plane such that the zeros of Pick differentials have bounded multiplicity and get further and further apart, we determined all Hausdorff limit domains that one can obtain after normalizing each member of the sequence by a projective transformation. We then show that the result can be applied to convex domains generated by projective triangular reflection groups.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures. Comments welcome
A geomagnetic filter for the Fermi-LAT background
Creators: name: Prokhorov, D. A.
name: Moraghan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the unsolved questions in gamma-ray astronomy is whether the extragalactic gamma-ray background is of the discrete-source origin. To respond to this question, one first needs to reduce the data by differentiating charged particles from gamma rays. This procedure is usually performed on the basis of the detector responses. In this paper, we showed that the geomagnetic shielding effect at GeV energies can, to some extent, be used for this purpose for gamma-ray telescopes in a low Earth orbit. We illustrated this method by applying it to the Fermi-LAT data. To partially decompose the charge-filtered background, we examined the contribution from star-forming galaxies by implying a radio/gamma connection in consideration of next generation radio surveys.
description: Published in MNRAS. Updated to address typos
Robust persistence and permanence of polynomial and power law dynamical systems
Creators: name: Brunner, James D.
name: Craciun, Gheorghe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A persistent dynamical system in $\mathbb{R}^d_{> 0}$ is one whose solutions have positive lower bounds for large $t$, while a permanent dynamical system in $\mathbb{R}^d_{> 0}$ is one whose solutions have uniform upper and lower bounds for large $t$. These properties have important applications for the study of mathematical models in biochemistry, cell biology, and ecology. Inspired by reaction network theory, we define a class of polynomial dynamical systems called tropically endotactic. We show that two-dimensional tropically endotactic polynomial dynamical systems are permanent, irrespective of the values of (possibly time-dependent) parameters in these systems. These results generalize the permanence of two-dimensional reversible, weakly reversible, and endotactic mass action systems.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures. Version 3 clarifies some explanations and adds a detailed calculation to an example which clarifies how the result can be applied
Moduli problems for operadic algebras
Creators: name: Calaque, Damien
name: Campos, Ricardo
name: Nuiten, Joost
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P10, 18D50, 55P48, 14D15

description: A theorem of Pridham and Lurie provides an equivalence between formal moduli problems and Lie algebras in characteristic zero. We prove a generalization of this correspondence, relating formal moduli problems parametrized by algebras over a Koszul operad to algebras over its Koszul dual operad. In particular, when the Lie algebra associated to a deformation problem is induced from a pre-Lie structure it corresponds to a permutative formal moduli problem. As another example we obtain a correspondence between operadic formal moduli problems and augmented operads.
description: Major reorganization of the paper in order to increase readability. No change to main results, but some examples were added. To appear on JLMS
Dark-photon searches via $ZH$ production at $e^+e^-$ colliders
Creators: name: Biswas, Sanjoy
name: Gabrielli, Emidio
name: Heikinheimo, Matti
name: Mele, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the $ZH$ associated production followed by the Higgs $H\to γ\barγ$ decay into a photon plus an invisible and massless dark photon, at future high-energy $e^+e^-$ facilities. Large $H\to γ\barγ$ decay rates (with branching ratios up to a few percent) are allowed, thanks to possible non-decoupling properties of the Higgs boson under specific conditions, and unsuppressed dark-photon couplings in the dark sector. Such large decay rates can be obtained in the framework of recent flavor models that aim to naturally explain the observed spread in the fermion mass spectrum. We analyze the experimental prospects for observing the $e^+e^-\rightarrow ZH$ process followed by the semi invisible Higgs decay into a photon plus a massless invisible system. Search strategies for both the leptonic and the hadronic final states (arising from $Z\rightarrow μ^+μ^-$ and $Z\rightarrow q\bar{q}$, respectively) are outlined. We find that a $5σ$ sensitivity to a branching fraction $BR_{γ\barγ}\sim 3\times 10^{-4}$ can be achieved by combining the two channels with an integrated luminosity of 10 ab$^{-1}$ at a c.m. energy of 240 GeV. This is considerably better than the corresponding sensitivity in alternative channels previously studied at lepton colliders. The analysis is model independent, and its results can be straightforwardly applied to the search of any Higgs two-body decay into a photon plus an undetected light particle.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, a few comments included, version matches the PRD one
DSC #12: The DSC and the New Programming Language
Creators: name: Dombrowski, Quinn
name: Bowers, Katherine
name: Risam, Roopika
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Digital humanities
subject: Python (Computer program language)
subject: R (Computer program language)

description: In DSC #12: The DSC and the New Programming Language, some of the Data-Sitters share their "coding story", and Quinn tries to describe the experience of learning R after having worked with Python. The Data-Sitters include the results of a survey of DH Twitter about people's coding experience and preferences.
Non-singular Green's functions for the unbounded Poisson equation in one, two and three dimensions
Creators: name: Hejlesen, Mads Mølholm
name: Winckelmans, Grégoire
name: Walther, Jens Honoré
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is a revised version of the original paper of same title--published in Applied Mathematics Letters 89--containing some corrections and clarifications to the original text. We derive non-singular Green's functions for the unbounded Poisson equation in one, two and three dimensions, using a cut-off function in the Fourier domain to impose a smallest length scale when deriving the Green's function. The resulting non-singular Green's functions are relevant to applications which are restricted to a minimum resolved length scale (e.g. a mesh size h) and thus cannot handle the singular Green's function of the continuous Poisson equation. We furthermore derive the gradient vector of the non-singular Green's function, as this is useful in applications where the Poisson equation represents potential functions of a vector field.
Distributionally Robust Deep Learning using Hardness Weighted Sampling
Creators: name: Fidon, Lucas
name: Aertsen, Michael
name: Deprest, Thomas
name: Emam, Doaa
name: Guffens, Frédéric
name: Mufti, Nada
name: Van Elslander, Esther
name: Schwartz, Ernst
name: Ebner, Michael
name: Prayer, Daniela
name: Kasprian, Gregor
name: David, Anna L.
name: Melbourne, Andrew
name: Ourselin, Sébastien
name: Deprest, Jan
name: Langs, Georg
name: Vercauteren, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Limiting failures of machine learning systems is of paramount importance for safety-critical applications. In order to improve the robustness of machine learning systems, Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) has been proposed as a generalization of Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM). However, its use in deep learning has been severely restricted due to the relative inefficiency of the optimizers available for DRO in comparison to the wide-spread variants of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) optimizers for ERM. We propose SGD with hardness weighted sampling, a principled and efficient optimization method for DRO in machine learning that is particularly suited in the context of deep learning. Similar to a hard example mining strategy in practice, the proposed algorithm is straightforward to implement and computationally as efficient as SGD-based optimizers used for deep learning, requiring minimal overhead computation. In contrast to typical ad hoc hard mining approaches, we prove the convergence of our DRO algorithm for over-parameterized deep learning networks with ReLU activation and a finite number of layers and parameters. Our experiments on fetal brain 3D MRI segmentation and brain tumor segmentation in MRI demonstrate the feasibility and the usefulness of our approach. Using our hardness weighted sampling for training a state-of-the-art deep learning pipeline leads to improved robustness to anatomical variabilities in automatic fetal brain 3D MRI segmentation using deep learning and to improved robustness to the image protocol variations in brain tumor segmentation. Our code is available at https://github.com/LucasFidon/HardnessWeightedSampler.
description: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) https://www.melba-journal.org/papers/2022:019.html
DSC #13: Goodbye, Friends, Goodbye
Creators: name: Dombrowski, Quinn
name: Risam, Roopika
name: Skallerup Bessette, Lee
name: Cecire, Maria Sachiko
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Digital humanities
subject: Text data mining
subject: Collective memory
subject: Memorials

description: In DSC 13: Goodbye, Friends, Goodbye, the Data-Sitters write tributes to Stéfan Sinclair, Scott Enderle, and Rebecca Munson, three digital humanists who died between 2020 and 2021, and argue that fundamentally, digital humanities is people.
The Autonomic Architecture of the Licas System
Creators: name: Greer, Kieran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Licas (lightweight internet-based communication for autonomic services) is a distributed framework for building service-based systems. The framework provides a p2p server and more intelligent processing of information through its AI algorithms. Distributed communication includes XML-RPC, REST, HTTP and Web Services. It can now provide a robust platform for building different types of system, where Microservices or SOA would be possible. However, the system may be equally suited for the IoT, as it provides classes to connect with external sources and has an optional Autonomic Manager with a MAPE control loop integrated into the communication process. The system is also mobile-compatible with Android. This paper focuses in particular on the autonomic setup and how that might be used. A novel linking mechanism has been described previously and is considered again, as part of the autonomous framework.