cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Building Earth
Creators: name: Bouvier, Audrey
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Studies of meteorites and samples returned from space missions bear the chemical and physical records of planetary formation processes. Mass-independent isotopic anomalies measured in planetary materials indicate two separate accretion reservoirs corresponding to a more volatile-rich region (carbonaceous) in the outer solar system and a more volatile-depleted one (non-carbonaceous), the inner and terrestrial planet formation region [1].

Unequilibrated enstatite chondrites are within 10 parts per million from the Earth’s mantle 142Nd/144Nd composition [2-4]. This difference between the Earth and chondrites may either have been produced by early Sm/Nd fractionation from chondritic materials or was already present within the disk. The isotopic anomalies in 145Nd and 148Nd measured in non-carbonaceous chondrites and achondrites also indicate that a change of the inner disk composition occurred within the first 1.5 million years of solar system formation [5]. On the other hand, major (e.g. Mg/Si) and siderophile elements suggest that enstatite chondrites can neither be the main component forming Earth nor the late accreted materials [6, 7]. Elemental and isotopic fingerprints indicate that the Earth may be primarily built from unsampled materials formed closer to the Sun (e.g. [5]), while volatiles indicate variable sources. Dynamical modeling provides additional constraints on these complex physical, chemical, and isotopic records of Earth and terrestrial planet formation.

[1] Kruijer et al. (2020). [2] Bouvier et al. (2016). [3] Burkhardt et al. (2016). [4] Boyet et al. (2018). [5] Frossard et al. (2021). [6] Fischer-Gödde et al. (2020). [7] Budde et al. (2019).
Symmetron with a non-minimal kinetic term
Creators: name: Honardoost, M.
name: Mota, D. F.
name: Sepangi, H. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the compatibility of the Symmetron with dark energy by introducing a non-minimal kinetic term associated with the Symmetron. In this new model, the effect of the friction term appearing in the equation of motion of the Symmetron field becomes more pronounced due to the non-minimal kinetic term appearing in the action and, under specific conditions after symmetry breaking, the universe experiences an accelerating phase which, in spite of the large effective mass of the scalar field, lasts as long as the Hubble time $H_{0}$.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, to appear in JCAP
Remarks on BEC on graphs
Creators: name: Kanda, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider Bose--Einstein condensation (BEC) on graphs with transient adjacency matrix and obtain a quasi-free state exhibiting BEC is non-factor and decompose into generalized coherent states. We review necessary and sufficient conditions that a generalized coherent state is faithful, factor, and pure and generalized coherent states are quasi-equivalent as well.
description: 18 pages, Revised version, to appear in Reviews in Mathematical Physics
Improved predictions for intermediate and heavy Supersymmetry in the MSSM and beyond
Creators: name: Staub, Florian
name: Porod, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a long time, the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) with light masses for the supersymmetric states was considered as the most natural extension of the Standard Model of particle physics. Consequently, a valid approximation was to match the MSSM to the precision measurement directly at the electroweak scale. This approach was also utilized by all dedicated spectrum generators for the MSSM. However, the higher the supersymmetric (SUSY) scale is, the bigger the uncertainties which are introduced by this matching. We point out important consequences of a two-scale matching, where the running parameters within the SM are calculated at $M_Z$ and evaluated up to the SUSY scale, where they are matched to the full model. We show the impact on gauge coupling unification as well as the SUSY mass spectrum. Also the Higgs mass prediction for large supersymmetric masses has been improved by performing the calculation within an effective SM. The approach presented here is now also available in the spectrum generator SPheno. Moreover, also SARAH was extended accordingly and gives the possibility to study these effects now in many different supersymmetric models.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures; v2) A few clarifications added, matches published version
A Domain Specific Language for Performance Portable Molecular Dynamics Algorithms
Creators: name: Saunders, William R.
name: Grant, James
name: Müller, Eike H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: D.1.3, D.2.11, J.2, G.4

description: Developers of Molecular Dynamics (MD) codes face significant challenges when adapting existing simulation packages to new hardware. In a continuously diversifying hardware landscape it becomes increasingly difficult for scientists to be experts both in their own domain (physics/chemistry/biology) and specialists in the low level parallelisation and optimisation of their codes. To address this challenge, we describe a "Separation of Concerns" approach for the development of parallel and optimised MD codes: the science specialist writes code at a high abstraction level in a domain specific language (DSL), which is then translated into efficient computer code by a scientific programmer. In a related context, an abstraction for the solution of partial differential equations with grid based methods has recently been implemented in the (Py)OP2 library. Inspired by this approach, we develop a Python code generation system for molecular dynamics simulations on different parallel architectures, including massively parallel distributed memory systems and GPUs. We demonstrate the efficiency of the auto-generated code by studying its performance and scalability on different hardware and compare it to other state-of-the-art simulation packages. With growing data volumes the extraction of physically meaningful information from the simulation becomes increasingly challenging and requires equally efficient implementations. A particular advantage of our approach is the easy expression of such analysis algorithms. We consider two popular methods for deducing the crystalline structure of a material from the local environment of each atom, show how they can be expressed in our abstraction and implement them in the code generation framework.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures, 11 tables, accepted for publication in Computer Physics Communications on 12 Nov 2017
Bose-Einstein Condensation and Symmetry Breaking of a Complex Charged Scalar Field
Creators: name: Matos, Tonatiuh
name: Castellanos, Elías
name: Suárez, Abril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation for a complex scalar field with U(1) symmetry endowed in a mexican-hat scalar field potential with thermal and electromagnetic contributions is written as a Gross-Pitaevskii (GP)-like equation. This equation is interpreted as a charged generalization of the GP equation at finite temperatures found in previous works. Its hydrodynamical representation is obtained and the corresponding thermodynamical properties are derived and related to measurable quantities. The condensation temperature in the non-relativistic regime associated with the aforementioned system within the semiclassical approximation is calculated. Also, a generalized equation for the conservation of energy for a charged bosonic gas is found when electromagnetic fields are introduced, and it is studied how under certain circumstances its breaking of symmetry can give some insight on the phase transition of the system not just into the condensed phase but also on other related systems.
description: 11 pages
Online materials for 'Novel rock image classification: The proposal and implementation of HKUDES_Net'
Creators: name: Zhou, Yimeng
name: Wong, Ngai Yuen Louis
name: Tse, Keith Ki Chun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Geology not elsewhere classified

description: Online materials for 'Novel rock image classification: The proposal and implementation of HKUDES_Net'
$θ$ and the $η^\prime$ in Large $N$ Supersymmetric QCD
Creators: name: Dine, Michael
name: Draper, Patrick
name: Stephenson-Haskins, Laurel
name: Xu, Di
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the large $N$ $θ$ dependence and the $η^\prime$ potential in supersymmetric QCD with small soft SUSY-breaking terms. Known exact results in SUSY QCD are found to reflect a variety of expectations from large $N$ perturbation theory, including the presence of branches and the behavior of theories with matter (both with $N_f \ll N$ and $N_f \sim N$). However, there are also striking departures from ordinary QCD and the conventional large $N$ description: instanton effects, when under control, are not exponentially suppressed at large $N$, and branched structure in supersymmetric QCD is always associated with approximate discrete symmetries. We suggest that these differences motivate further study of large $N$ QCD on the lattice.
description: 20 pages; v2: references updated; v3: expanded introduction, accepted for publication in JHEP
Analytic matrix elements with shifted correlated Gaussians
Creators: name: Fedorov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Matrix elements between shifted correlated Gaussians of various potentials with several form-factors are calculated analytically. Analytic matrix elements are of importance for the correlated Gaussian method in quantum few-body physics.
Friction law and hysteresis in granular materials
Creators: name: DeGiuli, E.
name: Wyart, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The macroscopic friction of particulate materials often weakens as the flow rate is increased, leading to potentially disastrous intermittent phenomena including earthquakes and landslides. We theoretically and numerically study this phenomenon in simple granular materials. We show that velocity-weakening, corresponding to a non-monotonic behavior in the friction law $μ(I)$, is present even if the dynamic and static microscopic friction coefficients are identical, but disappears for softer particles. We argue that this instability is induced by endogenous acoustic noise, which tends to make contacts slide, leading to faster flow and increased noise. We show that soft spots, or excitable regions in the materials, correspond to rolling contacts that are about to slide, whose density is described by a nontrivial exponent $θ_s$. We build a microscopic theory for the non-monotonicity of $μ(I)$, which also predicts the scaling behavior of acoustic noise, the fraction of sliding contacts $χ$ and the sliding velocity, in terms of $θ_s$. Surprisingly, these quantities have no limit when particles become infinitely hard, as confirmed numerically. Our analysis rationalizes previously unexplained observations and makes new experimentally testable predictions.
description: 6 pages + 3 pages SI
Pressure in an exactly solvable model of active fluid
Creators: name: Marconi, Umberto Marini Bettolo
name: Maggi, Claudio
name: Paoluzzi, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the pressure in the steady-state regime of three stochastic models characterized by self-propulsion and persistent motion and widely employed to describe the behavior of active particles, namely the Active Brownian particle (ABP) model, the Gaussian colored noise (GCN) model and the unified colored noise model (UCNA). Whereas in the limit of short but finite persistence time the pressure in the UCNA model can be obtained by different methods which have an analog in equilibrium systems, in the remaining two models only the virial route is, in general, possible. According to this method, notwithstanding each model obeys its own specific microscopic law of evolution, the pressure displays a certain universal behavior. For generic interparticle and confining potentials, we derive a formula which establishes a correspondence between the GCN and the UCNA pressures. In order to provide explicit formulas and examples, we specialize the discussion to the case of an assembly of elastic dumbbells confined to a parabolic well. By employing the UCNA we find that, for this model, the pressure determined by the thermodynamic method coincides with the pressures obtained by the virial and mechanical methods. The three methods when applied to the GCN give a pressure identical to that obtained via the UCNA. Finally, we find that the ABP virial pressure exactly agrees with the UCNA and GCN result.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure Submitted for publication 23rd of January 2017 The introduction has been modified
Corner effects for oblique shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions in rectangular channels
Creators: name: Xiang, Xue
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: boundary layer separation
high-speed flow
oblique shock waves

description: In a rectangular cross-section wind tunnel a separated oblique shock reflection is set to interact with the turbulent boundary layer (oblique SBLI) both on the bottom wall and in the corner formed by the intersection of the floor with the side-walls. In such a scenario, shock-induced separation is often seen in each of the streamwise corners, resulting in a highly three-dimensional flow field in the near-wall region. To examine how the corner separations can affect the ‘quasi-two-dimensional’ main interaction and by what mechanism this is achieved, an experimental investigation has been conducted. This examines how modifications to the corner separation influence an oblique shock reflection. The nature of the flow field is studied using flow visualisation, Pressure Sensitive Paint and Laser Doppler Anemometry. A nominal freestream Mach number of 2.5 is used for all experiments with a unit Reynolds number of 40×10$^{6}$m$^{−1}$, and the shock-generator angle is set to 8°. The flow conditions are chosen to result in substantial separations both in the corners and along the centreline for the baseline case, which is thought to be a good starting point for this study. The results show that the size and shape of central separation vary considerably when the onset and magnitude of corner separation change. The primary mechanism coupling these separated regions appears to be the generation of compression waves and expansion fans as a result of the displacement effect of the corner separation. The presence and strength of the expansion waves have been overlooked in previous studies. This is shown to modify the three-dimensional shock-structure and alter the adverse pressure gradient experienced by the tunnel floor boundary layer. It is suggested that a typical oblique SBLI in rectangular channels features several zones depending on the relative position of the corner waves and the main interaction domain. In particular, it has been shown that the position of the corner ‘shock’ crossing point, found by approximating the corner compression waves by a straight line, is a critical factor determining the main separation size and shape. Thus, corner effects can substantially modify the central separation. This can cause significant growth or contraction of the separation length measured along the symmetry line from the nominally two-dimensional baseline value, giving a fivefold increase from the smallest to the largest observed value. Moreover, the shape and flow topology of the centreline separation bubble is also considerably changed by varying corner effects.
description: Cambridge International Scholarship
Influence of the number of predecessors in interaction within acceleration-based flow models
Creators: name: Tordeux, Antoine
name: Chraibi, Mohcine
name: Schadschneider, Andreas
name: Seyfried, Armin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70E50, 90B20, 37A17

description: In this paper, the stability of the uniform solutions is analysed for microscopic flow models in interaction with $K\ge1$ predecessors. We calculate general conditions for the linear stability on the ring geometry and explore the results with particular pedestrian and car-following models based on relaxation processes. The uniform solutions are stable if the relaxation times are sufficiently small. The analysis is focused on the relevance of the number of predecessors in the dynamics. Unexpected non-monotonic relations between $K$ and the stability are presented.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures
GLS estimation and confidence sets for the date of a single break in models with trends
Creators: name: Beutner, Eric
name: Lin, Yicong
name: Smeekes, Stephan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: We develop a Feasible Generalized Least Squares estimator of the date of a structural break in level and/or trend. The estimator is based on a consistent estimate of a T-dimensional inverse autocovariance matrix. A cubic polynomial transformation of break date estimates can be approximated by a nonstandard yet nuisance parameter free distribution asymptotically. The new limiting distribution captures the asymmetry and bimodality in finite samples and is applicable for inference with a single, known, set of critical values. We consider the confidence intervals/sets for break dates based on both Wald-type tests and by inverting multiple likelihood ratio (LR) tests. A simulation study shows that the proposed estimator increases the empirical concentration probability in a small neighborhood of the true break date and potentially reduces the mean squared errors. The LR-based confidence intervals/sets have good coverage while maintaining informative length even with highly persistent errors and small break sizes.
Generic Phase Portrait Analysis of the Finite-time Singularities and Generalized Teleparallel Gravity
Creators: name: Hanafy, W. El
name: Nashed, G. G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the common four types of the finite-time singularities using a generic framework of the phase portrait geometric approach. This technique requires that the Friedmann system to be written as a one dimensional autonomous system. We employ a scale factor that has been used widely in literature to realize the four finite-time singularity types, then we show a detailed discussion for each case showing possible novel models. Moreover, we show how different singularity types can play essential roles in different cosmological scenarios. Among several modified gravity theories, we show that the f (T) cosmology is in comfort with the phase portrait analysis, since the field equations include Hubble derivatives only up to first order. Therefore, we reconstruct the f (T) theory which generates these phase portraits. We also perform a complementary analysis using the effective equation of state. Furthermore, we investigate the role of the torsion fluid in realizing the cosmic singularities.
description: To be published in Chinese Physics C (Accepted version)
Three dimensional magnetic solutions in massive gravity with (non)linear field
Creators: name: Hendi, S. H.
name: Panah, B. Eslam
name: Panahiyan, S.
name: Momennia, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Noble Prize in physics 2016 motivates one to study different aspects of topological properties and topological defects as their related objects. Considering the significant role of the topological defects (especially magnetic strings) in cosmology, here, we will investigate three dimensional horizonless magnetic solutions in the presence of two generalizations: massive gravity and nonlinear electromagnetic field. The effects of these two generalizations on properties of the solutions and their geometrical structure are investigated. The differences between de Sitter and anti de Sitter solutions are highlighted and conditions regarding the existence of phase transition in geometrical structure of the solutions are studied.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures. Matches published version
Blind Detection of Polar Codes
Creators: name: Giard, Pascal
name: Balatsoukas-Stimming, Alexios
name: Burg, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Polar codes were recently chosen to protect the control channel information in the next-generation mobile communication standard (5G) defined by the 3GPP. As a result, receivers will have to implement blind detection of polar coded frames in order to keep complexity, latency, and power consumption tractable. As a newly proposed class of block codes, the problem of polar-code blind detection has received very little attention. In this work, we propose a low-complexity blind-detection algorithm for polar-encoded frames. We base this algorithm on a novel detection metric with update rules that leverage the a priori knowledge of the frozen-bit locations, exploiting the inherent structures that these locations impose on a polar-encoded block of data. We show that the proposed detection metric allows to clearly distinguish polar-encoded frames from other types of data by considering the cumulative distribution functions of the detection metric, and the receiver operating characteristic. The presented results are tailored to the 5G standardization effort discussions, i.e., we consider a short low-rate polar code concatenated with a CRC.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, to appear at the IEEE Int. Workshop on Signal Process. Syst. (SiPS) 2017
A semi-analytical approach for the positive semidefinite Procrustes problem
Creators: name: Gillis, Nicolas
name: Sharma, Punit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The positive semidefinite Procrustes (PSDP) problem is the following: given rectangular matrices $X$ and $B$, find the symmetric positive semidefinite matrix $A$ that minimizes the Frobenius norm of $AX-B$. No general procedure is known that gives an exact solution. In this paper, we present a semi-analytical approach to solve the PSDP problem. First, we characterize completely the set of optimal solutions and identify the cases when the infimum is not attained. This characterization requires the unique optimal solution of a smaller PSDP problem where $B$ is square and $X$ is diagonal with positive diagonal elements. Second, we propose a very efficient strategy to solve the PSDP problem, combining the semi-analytical approach, a new initialization strategy and the fast gradient method. We illustrate the effectiveness of the new approach, which is guaranteed to converge linearly, compared to state-of-the-art methods.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. We have better highlighted our contributions w.r.t. previous works
An enthalpy-based multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method for solid-liquid phase change heat transfer in metal foams
Creators: name: Liu, Q.
name: He, Y. -L.
name: Li, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, an enthalpy-based multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is developed for solid-liquid phase change heat transfer in metal foams under local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) condition. The enthalpy-based MRT-LB method consists of three different MRT-LB models: one for flow field based on the generalized non-Darcy model, and the other two for phase change material (PCM) and metal foam temperature fields described by the LTNE model. The moving solid-liquid phase interface is implicitly tracked through the liquid fraction, which is simultaneously obtained when the energy equations of PCM and metal foam are solved. The present method has several distinctive features. First, as compared with previous studies, the present method avoids the iteration procedure, thus it retains the inherent merits of the standard LB method and is superior over the iteration method in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. Second, a volumetric LB scheme instead of the bounce-back scheme is employed to realize the no-slip velocity condition in the interface and solid phase regions, which is consistent with the actual situation. Last but not least, the MRT collision model is employed, and with additional degrees of freedom, it has the ability to reduce the numerical diffusion across phase interface induced by solid-liquid phase change. Numerical tests demonstrate that the present method can be served as an accurate and efficient numerical tool for studying metal foam enhanced solid-liquid phase change heat transfer in latent heat storage. Finally, comparisons and discussions are made to offer useful information for practical applications of the present method.
description: 42 pages,14 figures
GeV-scale hot sterile neutrino oscillations: a derivation of evolution equations
Creators: name: Ghiglieri, J.
name: Laine, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from operator equations of motion and making arguments based on a separation of time scales, a set of equations is derived which govern the non-equilibrium time evolution of a GeV-scale sterile neutrino density matrix and active lepton number densities at temperatures T > 130 GeV. The density matrix possesses generation and helicity indices; we demonstrate how helicity permits for a classification of various sources for leptogenesis. The coefficients parametrizing the equations are determined to leading order in Standard Model couplings, accounting for the LPM resummation of 1+n 2+n scatterings and for all 2 2 scatterings. The regime in which sphaleron processes gradually decouple so that baryon plus lepton number becomes a separate non-equilibrium variable is also considered.
description: 33 pages. v2: clarifications added; published version
title: Rare Earth and Yttrium in tissues and shells of mussel from the Danube River and its tributaries
Creators: name: Zhang, Keran
name: Zocher, Anna-Lena
name: Bau, Michael
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Due to their numerous applications in various high-technology products, Rare Earths and Yttrium (REY) have become microcontaminants of freshwater systems. Nevertheless, their biogeochemical behaviour, especially their uptake by aquatic organisms is still poorly understood.

Here, we report REY concentrations in the shells of four different mussel species, and in the tissue and shells of three Anodonta anatina mussels, and in the respective ambient water from the Danube River and some tributaries. The shells were grouped according to their sizes and meticulously cleaned, while the soft tissues were dissected and lyophilized. All samples were acid-digested and preconcentrated prior to ICP-MS measurements. Analytical quality was monitored by using certificated reference materials JLs-1 and BCR-668 for shells and tissues samples, respectively.

A size dependency of the REY concentration was only observed for Corbicula shells, corroborating the previous observations at the Rhine River. Shale-normalized REY patterns are similar for all shells and tissues and slightly MREY-enriched. Compared with the 0.2 µm-filtered ambient water, the biological samples show REY concentrations that are between three to five orders of magnitude higher, revealing significant bioaccumulation of REY. The observed preferential uptake of LREY relative to HREY is due to more stable complexation of HREY with dissolved ligands. Despite significant anthropogenic Gd enrichments in ambient water, there are no positive Gd anomalies in the biological samples, suggesting biounavailability of Gd based contrast agents.
Probing the Non-Classicality of Temporal Correlations
Creators: name: Ringbauer, Martin
name: Chaves, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlations between spacelike separated measurements on entangled quantum systems are stronger than any classical correlations and are at the heart of numerous quantum technologies. In practice, however, spacelike separation is often not guaranteed and we typically face situations where measurements have an underlying time order. Here we aim to provide a fair comparison of classical and quantum models of temporal correlations on a single particle, as well as timelike-separated correlations on multiple particles. We use a causal modeling approach to show, in theory and experiment, that quantum correlations outperform their classical counterpart when allowed equal, but limited communication resources. This provides a clearer picture of the role of quantum correlations in timelike separated scenarios, which play an important role in foundational and practical aspects of quantum information processing.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 2 pages appendix, Accepted version
Code properties from holographic geometries
Creators: name: Pastawski, Fernando
name: Preskill, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Almheiri, Dong, and Harlow [arXiv:1411.7041] proposed a highly illuminating connection between the AdS/CFT holographic correspondence and operator algebra quantum error correction (OAQEC). Here we explore this connection further. We derive some general results about OAQEC, as well as results that apply specifically to quantum codes which admit a holographic interpretation. We introduce a new quantity called `price', which characterizes the support of a protected logical system, and find constraints on the price and the distance for logical subalgebras of quantum codes. We show that holographic codes defined on bulk manifolds with asymptotically negative curvature exhibit `uberholography', meaning that a bulk logical algebra can be supported on a boundary region with a fractal structure. We argue that, for holographic codes defined on bulk manifolds with asymptotically flat or positive curvature, the boundary physics must be highly nonlocal, an observation with potential implications for black holes and for quantum gravity in AdS space at distance scales small compared to the AdS curvature radius.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Antibonding Ground state of Adatom Molecules in Bulk Dirac Semimetals
Creators: name: Marques, Y.
name: Obispo, A. E.
name: Ricco, L. S.
name: de Souza, M.
name: Shelykh, I. A.
name: Seridonio, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state of the diatomic molecules in nature is inevitably bonding, and its first excited state is antibonding. We demonstrate theoretically that, for a pair of distant adatoms placed buried in three-dimensional-Dirac semimetals, this natural order of the states can be reversed and an antibonding ground state occurs at the lowest energy of the so-called bound states in the continuum. We propose an experimental protocol with the use of a scanning tunneling microscope tip to visualize the topographic map of the local density of states on the surface of the system to reveal the emerging physics.
Spin-lattice relaxation of magnetic centers in molecular crystals at low temperature
Creators: name: Ho, Le Tuan Anh
name: Chibotaru, Liviu F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spin-phonon relaxation rate of both Kramers and non-Kramers molecular magnets in strongly diluted samples at low temperature. Using the "rotational" contribution to the spin-phonon Hamiltonian, universal formulae for the relaxation rate are obtained. Intriguingly, these formulae are all entirely expressed via measurable or \emph{ab initio} computable physical quantities. Moreover, they are also independent of the energy gaps to excited states involved in the relaxation process. These obtained expressions for direct and Raman processes offer an easy way to determine the lowest limit of the spin-phonon relaxation of any spin system based on magnetic properties of the ground doublet only. In addition, some intriguing properties of Raman process are also found. Particularly, Raman process in Kramers system is found dependent on the magnetic field's orientation but independent of its magnitude, meanwhile the same process in non-Kramers system is significantly reduced out of resonance, i.e. for an applied external field. Interestingly, Raman process is demonstrated to vary as $T^{9}$ for both systems. Application of the theory to a recently investigated cobalt(II) complex shows that it can provide a reasonably good description for the relaxation. Based on these findings, a strategy in developing efficient single-molecule magnets by enhancing the mechanical rigidity of the molecular unit is proposed.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Influence of optical nonlinearities on plasma waves in graphene
Creators: name: Mikhailov, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of the nonlinear plasma waves in graphene is developed in the nonperturbative regime. The influence of strong electric fields on the position and linewidth of plasma resonances in the far-infrared transmission experiments, as well as on the wavelength and the propagation length in the scanning near-field optical microscopy experiments is studied. The theory shows that the fields of order of a few to a few tens of kV/cm should lead to a red shift and broadening of plasma resonances in the first type and to a reduction of the wavelength and the propagation length in the second type of experiments.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Fractional $S$-duality, Classification of Fractional Topological Insulators and Surface Topological Order
Creators: name: Ye, Peng
name: Cheng, Meng
name: Fradkin, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a generalization of the $S$-duality of four-dimensional quantum electrodynamics ($\text{QED}_4$) to $\text{QED}_4$ with fractionally charged excitations, the fractional $S$-duality. Such $\text{QED}_4$ can be obtained by gauging the $\text{U(1)}$ symmetry of a topologically ordered state with fractional charges. When time-reversal symmetry is imposed, the axion angle ($θ$) can take a nontrivial but still time-reversal invariant value $π/t^2$ ($t\in\mathbb{Z}$). Here, $1/t$ specifies the minimal electric charge carried by bulk excitations. Such states with time-reversal and $\text{U(1)}$ global symmetry (fermion number conservation) are fractional topological insulators (FTI). We propose a topological quantum field theory description, which microscopically justifies the fractional $S$-duality. Then, we consider stacking operations (i.e., a direct sum of Hamiltonians) among FTIs. We find that there are two topologically distinct classes of FTIs: type-I and type-II. Type-I ($t\in\mathbb{Z}_{\rm odd}$) can be obtained by directly stacking a non-interacting topological insulator and a fractionalized gapped fermionic state with minimal charge $1/t$ and vanishing $θ$. But type-II ($t\in\mathbb{Z}_{\rm even}$) cannot be realized through any stacking. Finally, we study the Surface Topological Order of fractional topological insulators.
description: 10 pages
A cohomological characterization of nilpotent fusion systems
Creators: name: Ramos, Antonio Díaz
name: Baro, Arturo Espinosa
name: Viruel, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R40, 55N25, 20D20, 20D15

description: We provide a nilpotency criterion for fusion systems in terms of the vanishing of its cohomology with twisted coefficients.
Backlund transformations and divisor doubling
Creators: name: Tsiganov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In classical mechanics well-known cryptographic algorithms and protocols can be very useful for construction canonical transformations preserving form of Hamiltonians. We consider application of a standard generic divisor doubling for construction of new auto Bäcklund transformations for the Lagrange top and Hénon-Heiles system separable in parabolic coordinates.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX with AMS fonts, 2 figures
Inhomogeneous cosmology and backreaction: Current status and future prospects
Creators: name: Bolejko, Krzysztof
name: Korzyński, Mikołaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astronomical observations reveal hierarchical structures in the Universe, from galaxies, groups of galaxies, clusters and superclusters, to filaments and voids. On the largest scales it seems that some kind of statistical homogeneity can be observed. As a result, modern cosmological models are based on spatially homogeneous and isotropic solutions of the Einstein equations, and the evolution of the universe is approximated by the Friedmann equations. In parallel to standard homogeneous cosmology, the field of inhomogeneous cosmology and backreaction is being developed. This field investigates whether small scale inhomogeneities via non-linear effects can backreact and alter the properties of the Universe on its largest scales, leading to a non-Friedmannian evolution. This paper presents the current status of inhomogeneous cosmology and backreaction. It also discusses future prospects of the field of inhomogeneous cosmology, which is based on a survey of 50 academics working in the field of inhomogeneous cosmology.
description: A review article that includes a survey of 50 academics and their opinions; 24 pages and 3 figures with survey results; v3 - matches published version
A robust boson dispenser: Quantum state preparation in interacting many-particle systems
Creators: name: Reshodko, Irina
name: Benseny, Albert
name: Busch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a technique to control the spatial state of a small cloud of interacting particles at low temperatures with almost perfect fidelity using spatial adiabatic passage. To achieve this, the resonant trap energies of the system are engineered in such a way that a single, well-defined eigenstate connects the initial and desired states and is isolated from the rest of the spectrum. We apply this procedure to the task of separating a well-defined number of particles from an initial cloud and show that it can be implemented in radio-frequency traps using experimentally realistic parameters.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Deformation theory with homotopy algebra structures on tensor products
Creators: name: Robert-Nicoud, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D50 (Primary), 08C05, 18G55 (Secondary)

description: In order to solve two problems in deformation theory, we establish natural structures of homotopy Lie algebras and of homotopy associative algebras on tensor products of algebras of different types and on mapping spaces between coalgebras and algebras. When considering tensor products, such algebraic structures extend the Lie algebra or associative algebra structures that can be obtained by means of the Manin products of operads. These new homotopy algebra structures are proven by to compatible with the concepts of homotopy theory: $\infty$-morphisms and the Homotopy Transfer Theorem. We give a conceptual interpretation of their Maurer-Cartan elements. In the end, this allows us to construct the deformation complex for morphisms of algebras over an operad and to represent the deformation $\infty$-groupoid for differential graded Lie algebras.
description: 32 pages; (v2): updated references, minor revision of Section 7.1; (v3): added a reference to the existing literature; (v3): updated bibliography and reference, better formatting, substantial rewriting of Appendix A, minor changes throughout the paper. To appear in Documenta Mathematica
Differentiating $U(1)^\prime$ supersymmetric models with right sneutrino and neutralino dark matter
Creators: name: Araz, Jack Y.
name: Frank, Mariana
name: Fuks, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a detailed analysis of dark matter signals of supersymmetric models containing an extra $U(1)^\prime$ gauge group. We investigate scenarios in which either the right sneutrino or the lightest neutralino are phenomenologically acceptable dark matter candidates and we explore the parameter spaces of different supersymmetric realisations featuring an extra $U(1)^\prime$. We impose consistency with low energy observables, with known mass limits for the superpartners and $Z^\prime$ bosons, as well as with Higgs boson signal strengths, and we moreover verify that predictions for the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon agree with the experimental value and require that the dark matter candidate satisfies the observed relic density and direct and indirect dark matter detection constraints. For the case where the sneutrino is the dark matter candidate, we find distinguishing characteristics among different $U(1)^\prime$ mixing angles. If the neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle, its mass is heavier than that of the light sneutrino in scenarios where the latter is a dark matter candidate, the parameter space is less restricted and differentiation between models is more difficult. We finally comment on the possible collider tests of these models.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, version accepted by PRD
Alpha Conjugate Neck Structures in the Collisions of 35 MeV/nucleon 40Ca with 40Ca
Creators: name: Schmidt, K.
name: Cao, X.
name: Kim, E. J.
name: Hagel, K.
name: Barbui, M.
name: Gauthier, J.
name: Wuenschel, S.
name: Giuliani, G.
name: Rodrigues, M. R. D.
name: Zheng, H.
name: Huang, M.
name: Blando, N.
name: Bonasera, A.
name: Wada, R.
name: Botosso, C.
name: Liu, G.
name: Viesti, G.
name: Moretto, S.
name: Prete, G.
name: Pesente, S.
name: Fabris, D.
name: Masri, Y. El
name: Keutgen, T.
name: Kolwaski, S.
name: Kumar, A.
name: Zhang, G.
name: Natowitz, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The de-excitation of alpha-conjugate nuclei produced in reactions of 35 MeV/nucleon 40Ca with 40Ca has been investigated. Particular emphasis is placed on examining the dynamics of collisions leading to projectile-like fragment exit channels. A general exploration of the reaction systematics reveals the binary dissipative character of the collisions and a hierarchy effect similar to that seen for heavier systems. Investigation of the subset of events characterized by a total alpha-conjugate mass (alpha particles plus alpha-conjugate fragments) equal to 40 and atomic number equal to 20 reveals a dominance of alpha-conjugate exit channels. The hierarchy effect for these channels leads to the production of alpha-clustered neck structures with potentially exotic geometries and properties.
MPEC 2023-R145 : 2023 RB5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 RB5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Emergent Bloch Excitations in Mott Matter
Creators: name: Lanatà, Nicola
name: Lee, Tsung-Han
name: Yao, Yongxin
name: Dobrosavljević, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a unified theoretical picture for excitations in Mott systems, portraying both the heavy quasiparticle excitations and the Hubbard bands as features of an emergent Fermi liquid state formed in an extended Hilbert space, which is non-perturbatively connected to the physical system. This observation sheds light on the fact that even the incoherent excitations in strongly correlated matter often display a well defined Bloch character, with pronounced momentum dispersion. Furthermore, it indicates that the Mott point can be viewed as a topological transition, where the number of distinct dispersing bands displays a sudden change at the critical point. Our results, obtained from an appropriate variational principle, display also remarkable quantitative accuracy. This opens an exciting avenue for fast realistic modeling of strongly correlated materials.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures