cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Robust deformable model for 3D Face alignment and tracking
Creators: name: Cheng, Shiyang
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: This thesis investigates the use of robust deformable model for 3D face alignment and tracking. Our main objective is to establish accurate and reliable dense correspondence for 4D faces. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we build a robust face alignment framework to establish dense correspondence between 4D faces. Second, we develop 4DFAB, the first large scale high-resolution 4D face database for facial expression analysis and biometric. Our deformable 4D face alignment framework contains three parts: (1) robust 2D face alignment; (2) active non-rigid 3D face registration; (3) deformable 4D face tracking. For 2D face alignment, we start with the study of robust 2D and 3D geometry features (and their fusion) for Constrained Local Models (CLMs). We show that by leveraging robust features, CLMs can handle faces captured in controlled and uncontrolled environment. To exploit the discriminative power of CLMs, we propose an alignment framework based on the texture model of response maps. Under this framework, we devise two generative fitting methods (GFRM-Alt and GFRM-PO) and one part-based discriminative fitting method (DFRM), which achieve favorable performances in generic face alignment in-the-wild. Additionally, we implement a real-time face tracking software using DFRM. Next, we study the registration problem for high quality 3D facial scan. We build a part-based statistical face model and combine it with the non-rigid ICP. We name the method as Active Non-rigid ICP (ANICP). ANICP is integrated into a dynamic local fitting framework and produces accurate fitting. Note that DFRM is also used to provide better initialisation. Finally, we develop a dense 4D alignment framework that capitalises on GRMF-Alt and ANICP. This framework is employed to align faces from 4DFAB database, which contains over 1,800,000 meshes from 180 subjects captured in four different sessions during 5 years. As the subjects display both spontaneous and posed expressions, it can also be used for facial expression modeling and analysis. To demonstrate the usefulness of 4DFAB, we conduct extensive expression recognition, face recognition, speech recognition experiments. We also investigate, for the first time, the use of spontaneous 4D behaviour for biometric applications.
Parameterized quantum comb and simpler circuits for reversing unknown qubit-unitary operations
Creators: name: Mo, Yin
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Chen, Yu-Ao
name: Liu, Yingjian
name: Lin, Tengxiang
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum combs play a vital role in characterizing and transforming quantum processes, with wide-ranging applications in quantum information processing. However, obtaining the explicit quantum circuit for the desired quantum comb remains a challenging problem. We propose PQComb, a novel framework that employs parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) or quantum neural networks to harness the full potential of quantum combs for diverse quantum process transformation tasks. This method is well-suited for near-term quantum devices and can be applied to various tasks in quantum machine learning. As a notable application, we present two streamlined protocols for the time-reversal simulation of unknown qubit unitary evolutions, reducing the ancilla qubit overhead from six to three compared to the previous best-known method. We also extend PQComb to solve the problems of qutrit unitary transformation and channel discrimination. Furthermore, we demonstrate the hardware efficiency and robustness of our qubit unitary inversion protocol under realistic noise simulations of IBM-Q superconducting quantum hardware, yielding a significant improvement in average similarity over the previous protocol under practical regimes. PQComb's versatility and potential for broader applications in quantum machine learning pave the way for more efficient and practical solutions to complex quantum tasks.
description: 16 pages including appendix, v2 is accepted version
Anas fusca Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas
Anas fusca

description: Anas fusca [spec. nov.]
A. nigricans, macula pone oculos lineaque alarum albis.
Anas corpore obscuro, macula alba pone oculos, lineaque alba. Fn. svec. 106. It. gotl. 215. 271.
Anas fera fusca. Jonst. av. t. 44.
Anas niger. Will. orn. 278. t. 10. Raj. av. 141.
Habitat in oceano Europaeo.
Mas ad basin rostri gibbositate notatus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 123, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Instability and receptivity of subsonic flow in the boundary layer
Creators: name: Roland, Hannah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: In this thesis, the main focus is on the interaction of an incoming Tollmien–Schlichting wave with an isolated, stationary wall roughness in subsonic flow. In Part I, this problem is analysed by means of the Triple Deck theory. The linearised sublayer equations are solved under the assumption that the horizontal extent of the roughness is of O(L Re^(−3/8)) and that its height h is small, and an expression for the pressure perturbation is found. The transmission coefficient T_I , defined as the amplitude of the T–S wave downstream of the roughness divided by its initial amplitude, is then calculated, where |T_I | > 1 means that the wave is amplified and |T_I | < 1 represents an attenuation of the T–S wave. The transmission coefficient is dependent on the frequency ω, the height h of the roughness and on the Fourier transform of the roughness shape evaluated at zero value of the wavenumber. The same setup is investigated in Part II through numerical calculations: a DNS solver provides the base flows for 25 different gaps of varying width and height, which are then run through a PSE analysis to examine the stability of the flow. From the results of both methods it can be concluded that a surface indentation amplifies an incoming T–S wave, and that the amplification increases with the width and depth of the roughness. An additional geometry is studied in Part I by again employing the Triple Deck theory to investigate the effect small elastic vibrations of a semi-infinite plate attached to a stationary plate have on the boundary layer, and the receptivity coefficient is calculated for varying ω.
Magnetic braking of T Tauri stars
Creators: name: Armitage, P. J.
name: Clarke, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct models for the rotation rates of T Tauri stars whose spin is regulated by magnetic linkage between the star and a surrounding accretion disc. Our models utilise a time-dependent disc code to follow the accretion process and include the effects of pre-main-sequence stellar evolution. We find that the initial disc mass controls the evolution of the star-disc system. For sufficiently massive discs, a stellar field of $\sim$ 1 kG is able to regulate the spin rate to the observed values during the classical T Tauri phase. The field then acts to expel the disc and the star spins up at constant angular momentum as a weak-line system. Lower mass discs are ejected at an early epoch and fail to brake the star significantly. We extend the model to close binary systems, and find that the removal of angular momentum from the disc by the secondary significantly prolongs the inner disc lifetime. Such systems should therefore be relatively slow rotators. We also discuss the implications of our model for the spectral energy distributions and variability of T Tauri stars.
description: 10 pages of uu-encoded gz-compressed Postscript, including 9 figures. MNRAS in press
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VI, Cart. 190 (11 H 75), 316 folios, f. 0019v
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VI, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 190 (11 H 75), 316 folios, f. 0019v, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VI, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 190 (11 H 75), 316 folios, f. 0019v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
The Far-Ultraviolet Spectrum and Short Timescale Variability of AM Herculis from Observations with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope
Creators: name: Greeley, Bradford W.
name: Blair, William P.
name: Long, Knox S.
name: Raymond, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), we have obtained 850-1850 angstrom spectra of the magnetic cataclysmic variable star AM Her in the high state. These observations provide high time resolution spectra of AM Her in the FUV and sample much of the orbital period of the system. The spectra are not well-modelled in terms of simple white dwarf (WD) atmospheres, especially at wavelengths shortward of Lyman alpha. The continuum flux changes by a factor of 2 near the Lyman limit as a function of orbital phase; the peak fluxes are observed near magnetic phase 0.6 when the accreting pole of the WD is most clearly visible. The spectrum of the hotspot can be modelled in terms of a 100 000 K WD atmosphere covering 2% of the WD surface. The high time resolution of the HUT data allows an analysis of the short term variability and shows the UV luminosity to change by as much as 50% on timescales as short as 10 s. This rapid variability is shown to be inconsistent with the clumpy accretion model proposed to account for the soft X-ray excess in polars. We see an increase in narrow line emission during these flares when the heated face of the secondary is in view. The He II narrow line flux is partially eclipsed at secondary conjunction, implying that the inclination of the system is greater than 45 degrees. We also present results from models of the heated face of the secondary. These models show that reprocessing on the face of the secondary star of X-ray/EUV emission from the accretion region near the WD can account for the intensities and kinematics of most of the narrow line components observed.
description: 19 pp., 12 fig., 3 tbl. To appear in The Astrophysical Journal. Also available at http://greeley.pha.jhu.edu/papers/amherpp.ps.gz
Prevalence of Refractive Error and Color Blindness among the Inter-state Truck Drivers
Creators: name: Slathia, Anjali
name: Dhar, Renu Hashia
name: Mahajan, Pallavi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Refractive error
truck drivers
visual acuity
color blindness

description: Introduction: Road traffic incidents have increased dramatically in developing countries like India over the last two decades. Driving has evolved into a visually demanding activity that necessitates a combination of sensory (primarily visual), mental, and compensatory abilities. A medical certificate from a registered medical practitioner is sufficient to qualify for a driving licence, according to the Motor Vehicles Act of 1988 and the Central Motor Vehicles Rules of 1989. Highway accidents are most risky for truck drivers. This may be due to a variety of factors, but blurred vision is one of the most common causes of mishaps. This research was conducted to determine the ocular status of interstate truck drivers due to the significance of good vision. Aim and Objectives: Prevalence of refractive error and color blindness among interstate truck drivers was assessed. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted in Jammu, India, in collaboration with Indian Oil Corporation, in which 140 interstate truck drivers were included. Snellen's and E-chart (in the case of illiterates) and Ischiara pseudochromatic plates were used to assess the respondents' visual acuities and colour vision. The respondents' eyes were examined using a torch and a clear ophthalmoscope. On the spot, a presbyopic correction was made. All patients with ocular problems were referred to Deptt of Ophthalmology, ASCOMS for further examination. Results: In all 140 drivers were examined out of which 116(82.8%) were found to have visual acuity 6/6(normal vision) while 24(17.14%) drivers had refractive errors. 12 of the 24 truck drivers with refractive errors were found to have hypermetropia, 9 were found to have myopia, and 3 were found to have astigmatism. There was no colour blindness among the drivers. Presbyopia was discovered in 74 (52.8 %) of drivers, regardless of refractive error. Conclusion: The majority of the truck drivers with poor vision were between the ages of 41 and 50. As a result, drivers in this age group should be checked regularly for visual defects and advised to wear corrective spectacles in order to maintain normal visual acuity. Furthermore, truck drivers should have routine eye exams to detect any further deterioration of visual acuity.
Additional file 4: of Autozygosity islands and ROH patterns in Nellore lineages: evidence of selection for functionally important traits
Creators: name: Peripolli, Elisa
name: Metzger, Julia
name: Lemos, Marcos De
name: Nedenia Stafuzza
name: Kluska, Sabrina
name: Olivieri, Bianca
name: Fabieli Feitosa
name: Berton, Mariana
name: Lopes, Fernando
name: Danísio Munari
name: Raysildo Lôbo
name: Magnabosco, Cláudio De Ulhoa
name: Croce, Fernando Di
name: Osterstock, Jason
name: Denise, Sue
name: Pereira, Angélica
name: Baldi, Fernando
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Non-overlapping autozygosity islands within the Nellore lineages. (DOCX 26 kb)
Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of multiple second-order quantum phase transitions in extended Bose-Hubbard model: Superfluid, supersolid and density wave
Creators: name: Shimizu, Keita
name: Hirano, Takahiro
name: Park, Jonghoon
name: Kuno, Yoshihito
name: Ichinose, Ikuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the dynamics of the Bose-Hubbard model with the nearest-neighbor repulsion by using time-dependent Gutzwiller methods. Near the unit filling, the phase diagram of the model contains density wave (DW), supersolid (SS) and superfluid (SF). The three phases are separated by two second-order phase transitions. We study "slow-quench" dynamics by varying the hopping parameter in the Hamiltonian as a function of time. In the phase transitions from the DW to SS and from the DW to SF, we focus on how the SF order forms and study scaling laws of the SF correlation length, vortex density, etc. The results are compared with the Kibble-Zurek scaling. On the other hand from the SF to DW, we study how the DW order evolves with generation of the domain walls and vortices. Measurement of first-order SF coherence reveals interesting behavior in the DW regime.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures, Version to appear in Phys.Rev.A
Inductive learning of answer set programs
Creators: name: Law, Mark
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The goal of Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) is to find a hypothesis that explains a set of examples in the context of some pre-existing background knowledge. Until recently, most research on ILP targeted learning definite logic programs. This thesis constitutes the first comprehensive work on learning answer set programs, introducing new learning frameworks, theoretical results on the complexity and generality of these frameworks, algorithms for learning ASP programs, and an extensive evaluation of these algorithms. Although there is previous work on learning ASP programs, existing learning frameworks are either brave -- where examples should be explained by at least one answer set -- or cautious where examples should be explained by all answer sets. There are cases where brave induction is too weak and cautious induction is too strong. Our proposed frameworks combine brave and cautious learning and can learn ASP programs containing choice rules and constraints. Many applications of ASP use weak constraints to express a preference ordering over the answer sets of a program. Learning weak constraints corresponds to preference learning, which we achieve by introducing ordering examples. We then explore the generality of our frameworks, investigating what it means for a framework to be general enough to distinguish one hypothesis from another. We show that our frameworks are more general than both brave and cautious induction. We also present a new family of algorithms, called ILASP (Inductive Learning of Answer Set Programs), which we prove to be sound and complete. This work concerns learning from both non-noisy and noisy examples. In the latter case, ILASP returns a hypothesis that maximises the coverage of examples while minimising the length of the hypothesis. In our evaluation, we show that ILASP scales to tasks with large numbers of examples finding accurate hypotheses even in the presence of high proportions of noisy examples.
Phase Lags and Coherence of X-Ray Variability in Black Hole Candidates
Creators: name: Nowak, Michael A.
name: Vaughan, Brian A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ``low'' (hard or ``non-thermal'') state of black hole candidates is sometimes modelled via an optically thick, hot Compton cloud that obscures a softer input source such as an accretion disk. In these models the observed output spectra consist entirely of photons reprocessed by the cloud, making it difficult to extract information about the input spectra. Recently Miller (1995) has argued that the Fourier phase (or time) lag between hard and soft X-ray photons in actuality represents the phase lags intrinsic to the input source, modulo a multiplicative factor. The phase lags thus would be a probe of the input photon source. In this paper we examine this claim and find that, although true for the limited parameter space considered by Miller, the intrinsic phase lag disappears whenever the output photon energy is much greater than the input photon energy. The remaining time lags represent a ``shelf'' due to differences between mean diffusion times across the cloud. As pointed out by Miller, the amplitude of this shelf -- which is present even when the intrinsic time lags remain -- is indicative of the size and temperature of the Compton cloud and is a function of the two energies being compared. However, we find that with previous instruments such as Ginga the shelf, if present, was likely obscured by counting noise. A more sensitive measure of Compton cloud parameters may be obtainable from the coherence function, which is derived from the amplitude of the Fourier cross power spectral density. This function has been seen to exponentially decrease at high Fourier frequencies in Cygnus X-1. Coherence loss is characteristic of Compton clouds that undergo large variations of size and/or temperature on time scales longer than about 10 seconds. We argue that observing phase lags and coherence
description: 14 pages, uuencoded postscript, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices
Techno-economics of optimised residential heating under power sector decarbonisation
Creators: name: Vijay, Avinash
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The Climate Change Act constitutes legally binding legislation that requires the UK to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 80 per cent by 2050 relative to 1990. Decarbonising the electricity and heat sectors is fundamental to achieving this target. Since the challenge could potentially involve several million heating installations and several thousand megawatts of generation, there is a pressing need for tools that can provide insights into the impacts stemming from this transition. Previous studies make use of coarse simplifications of links between the heat and electricity sectors. A primary contribution of this work is the linking of detailed models of electricity supply and residential heating. Analysis of future electricity price formation leads to questions regarding the financing of dispatch-able generation. Furthermore, these issues are seen to influence performance of residential heating systems. In a low carbon future, fuel cell based micro cogeneration shows the most economic potential but is the worst performer in terms of emissions, and economic value can be eroded by low ramping limits and high minimum set points. Stirling engine based micro cogeneration is not economic in any of the scenarios considered due to low utilisation. Although heat pumps produce the lowest emissions, investment does not yield economic gains unless they are incentivised to consume inexpensive excess low carbon generation. Resistive heaters are likely to be chosen over heat pumps in this setting since they are cheaper to install and produce significant economic benefits for consumers, though this could lead to significantly higher primary energy consumption with related environmental impacts. Overall, this work has demonstrated that an important dynamic exists between electricity sector decarbonisation, market arrangements that drive electricity prices and technology choices in residential heating systems. Policy makers should be mindful of this dynamic when designing markets and policy instruments of the future.
title: Deep Neural network models as digital twins for functional characterization of visual cortex
Creators: name: Willeke, Konstantin Friedrich
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: 004

description: Understanding how the brain processes visual information remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. Recent advances in deep learning have revolutionized our ability to model visual processing, enabling the development of "digital twins" - deep neural networks that accurately predict how individual neurons respond to arbitrary visual stimuli. This thesis explores how these models can advance our understanding of visual processing across different scales and species, through three projects combining computational prediction with biological validation. In the first project, we investigate the dynamic relationship between behavioral state and visual processing in mouse primary visual cortex. By extending digital twin models to incorporate both color processing and behavioral variables, we predict how neural responses change with behavioral state. Through systematic generation of maximally exciting inputs (MEIs) conditioned on behavioral measurements and subsequent closed-loop validation experiments, we uncover a novel mechanism where mice rapidly modulate their color processing based on pupil size to enhance detection of behaviorally relevant stimuli. The second project addresses a fundamental question in visual neuroscience: how is functional selectivity organized in higher visual areas? Using digital twins to characterize neuronal responses in macaque area V4, we identify distinct functional groups of neurons sharing preferences for complex visual features. Our key finding demonstrates that neurons within the same cortical column exhibit similar response preferences, providing evidence that columnar organization, previously established in early visual areas, extends to higher-order visual processing as a general principle of cortical computation. The third project establishes a standardized benchmark platform for evaluating digital twin models of mouse V1, addressing the growing need for systematic comparison of neural prediction models. We provide a comprehensive dataset of thousands of neurons responding to naturalistic stimuli, coupled with evaluation tools and metrics for rigorous model comparison. This framework promotes collaborative advancement through competitive model development and establishes clear criteria for measuring progress in neural response prediction. Taken together, this work establishes digital twins as powerful tools for investigating neural computation, enabling systematic exploration of hypotheses through a combination of computational modeling and targeted biological experiments. The development of standardized benchmarks ensures that progress in this field remains rigorous and reproducible. These advances provide a framework for investigating neural computation across scales, from single neurons to population dynamics, accelerating our understanding of visual processing in the brain.
Anas nigra Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas
Anas nigra

description: Anas nigra [spec. nov.]
A. tota nigra, basi rostri gibba.
Anas niger minor. Will. orn. 280. t. 74. Raj. av. 141.
Habitat in Lapponia, Anglia.
Cauda subcuneiformis. Femina fusca est.
* * Laeves rostro basi aequali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 123, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 4: of Bivariate genome-wide association analysis strengthens the role of bitter receptor clusters on chromosomes 7 and 12 in human bitter taste
Creators: name: Liang-Dar Hwang
name: Puya Gharahkhani
name: Breslin, Paul
name: Gordon, Scott
name: Zhu, Gu
name: Martin, Nicholas
name: Reed, Danielle
name: Wright, Margaret
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Table S4. Top 100 SNPs on chromosome 7 associated with the perceived intensity of denatonium benzoate (DB) from the bivariate analysis of DB and quinine. P_univaraite_DB is the P-value from the univariate analysis of DB. P_univariate DB_adjQ is the P-value from the univariate analysis of DB adjusted for the quinine score. P_bivariate DB_Q is the P-value from the bivariate analysis of DB and quinine. (DOCX 218 kb)
Role of Uterine Conservative Surgery in Reproductive Age Group Women: A Retrospective Study
Creators: name: Rajshree Gohaodkar
name: Deshdeepak
name: Gupta, Shalini
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Myoma
infertility
abnormal uterine bleeding
endoscopic myomectomy

description: Introduction: Fibroids are a form of benign tumour that can cause extreme dysmenorrhoea, bleeding, and infertility in women of reproductive age. Fibroids raise the risk of miscarriage, with submucosal and intramural fibroids having a significantly higher incidence of spontaneous abortion and significantly lower rates of live birth. As more women postpone childbirth to their 30s-40s, when fibroids are more symptomatic, there is a greater necessity uterus sparing therapies. Now is a good time to survey current practises and views, given the growing number of treatment choices and evolving care provider profiles. The basic minimally invasive surgical technique for treating various fibroids in patients with AUB is endoscopic myomectomy, with reproductive problems being the most common example. Aims & Objectives: 1) fate of infertile patient after myomectomy 2) type of surgery for uterine conservation 3) fate of technique used. Materials and Methods: This retrospective research included 130 women (ages 20 to 48) who presented with symptomatic fibroids and infertility to Rajdeep endoscopy and IVF centre in Kota. Results:  In our research, the highest rate of myoma was found in people aged 20 to 40, and the most prevalent fibroids were intramural 38.46%. After both laparoscopy and abdominal myomectomy, the pregnancy rate has increased to 50-60%. Conclusion: Myomectomy is the most common treatment for women who choose to keep their uterus in current practise. When done by a skilled surgeon, the operation is extremely healthy, with morbidity comparable to a hysterectomy.
Establishing the impact, detection and prevention of colorectal surgical complications
Creators: name: Nachiappan, Subra
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: This dissertation examines the postoperative complications in colorectal surgery with an emphasis on anastomotic complications. Firstly, it investigates the impacts of anastomotic leakage and its subsequent treatment, on overall survival, disease-free survival and timing of adjuvant chemotherapy. Secondly it assesses intraoperative anastomotic testing utilities and novel intraoperative surgical techniques such as the ileo-distal sigmoid anastomosis in prophylactic colectomy patients, and the tube ileostomy, a variant of the loop ileostomy that negates the need for a second reversal operation. Thirdly it interrogates the feasibility of remote patient self-monitoring using tablet computers and Blue-tooth enabled technology to measure physiological parameters after elective colorectal surgery. A variety of research methodology has been employed to investigate above, including local hospital datasets, national level administrative databases, systematic reviews and pooled analysis, and pilot feasibility studies in the intraoperative and postoperative setting. This thesis has demonstrated that anastomotic leakage and reoperation to manage it, adversely impacts overall survival and although not statistically significant, it has noted increased recurrence rates in patients who suffered a leakage compared to those that did not. The large administrative database studies have firstly shown that delay in adjuvant chemotherapy reduces overall survival and have secondly identified that patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy early within eight weeks are conferred a survival benefit, regardless of reoperative status, compared to those who did after eight weeks. Subsequently it has systematically reviewed intraoperative testing methods and has shown that basic mechanical patency tests reduce postoperative anastomotic leakage in non-randomised studies. It has also shown that Near Infrared-Indocyanine Green autofluorescence anastomotic assessment is safe and feasible in a pilot study. It has also described the initial experience with the IDSA technique in Polyposis patients in a tertiary institution. A further systematic review and subgroup analysis on tube ileostomy reported no significant differences in anastomotic leakage when compared to the established loop ileostomy. Lastly, postoperative patient self-monitoring has been found to be feasible and comparable to nurse-acquired physiological measurements. Both this and the initial experience of IDSA will allow extrapolation into future studies in our local institution. This thesis has demonstrated the impact of postoperative operative complications, specifically of anastomotic leakage, and the importance of its perioperative prevention, detection and prompt management in minimising them and their sequelae.
Spatial analysis of airborne laser scanning point clouds for predicting forest variables
Creators: name: Häbel, Henrike
name: Balázs, András
name: Myllymäki, Mari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: With recent developments in remote sensing technologies, plot-level forest resources can be predicted utilizing airborne laser scanning (ALS). The prediction is often assisted by mostly vertical summaries of the ALS point clouds. We present a spatial analysis of the point cloud by studying the horizontal distribution of the pulse returns through canopy height models thresholded at different height levels. The resulting patterns of patches of vegetation and gabs on each layer are summarized to spatial ALS features. We propose new features based on the Euler number, which is the number of patches minus the number of gaps, and the empty-space function, which is a spatial summary function of the gab space. The empty-space function is also used to describe differences in the gab structure between two different layers. We illustrate usefulness of the proposed spatial features for predicting different forest variables that summarize the spatial structure of forests or their breast height diameter distribution. We employ the proposed spatial features, in addition to commonly used features from literature, in the well-known k-nn estimation method to predict the forest variables. We present the methodology on the example of a study site in Central Finland.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables (including the appendix). Taking valuable comments on our manuscript [v2] into consideration, we have decided to emphasize the focus on the spatial analysis of airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds and the new spatial ALS feature variables. By doing so, we have reduced the methodology for the spatial structure of forests evaluated on the field plot level
Stability of hypermassive neutron stars with realistic rotation and entropy profiles
Creators: name: Muhammed, Nishad
name: Duez, Matthew D.
name: Chawhan, Pavan
name: Ghadiri, Noora
name: Buchman, Luisa T.
name: Foucart, Francois
name: Cheong, Patrick Chi-Kit
name: Kidder, Lawrence E.
name: Pfeiffer, Harald P.
name: Scheel, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary neutron star mergers produce massive, hot, rapidly differentially rotating neutron star remnants; electromagnetic and gravitational wave signals associated with the subsequent evolution depend on the stability of these remnants. Stability of relativistic stars has previously been studied for uniform rotation and for a class of differential rotation with monotonic angular velocity profiles. Stability of those equilibria to axisymmetric perturbations was found to respect a turning point criterion: along a constant angular momentum sequence, the onset of unstable stars is found at maximum density less than but close to the density of maximum mass. In this paper, we test this turning point criterion for non-monotonic angular velocity profiles and non-isentropic entropy profiles, both chosen to more realistically model post-merger equilibria. Stability is assessed by evolving perturbed equilibria in 2D using the Spectral Einstein Code. We present tests of the code's new capability for axisymmetric metric evolution. We confirm the turning point theorem and determine the region of our rotation law parameter space that provides highest maximum mass for a given angular momentum.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Cosmological backreaction and its dependence on spacetime foliation
Creators: name: Buchert, Thomas
name: Mourier, Pierre
name: Roy, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The subject of cosmological backreaction in General Relativity is often approached by coordinate-dependent and metric-based analyses. We present in this letter an averaging formalism for the scalar parts of Einstein's equations that is coordinate-independent and only functionally depends on a metric. This formalism is applicable to general 3+1 foliations of spacetime for an arbitrary fluid with tilted flow. We clarify the dependence on spacetime foliation and argue that this dependence is weak in cosmological settings. We also introduce a new set of averaged equations that feature a global cosmological time despite the generality of the setting, and we put the statistical nature of effective cosmologies into perspective.
description: 9 pages, Letter, matches published version in CQG
Re-Simulation-based Self-Supervised Learning for Pre-Training Foundation Models
Creators: name: Harris, Philip
name: Kagan, Michael
name: Krupa, Jeffrey
name: Maier, Benedikt
name: Woodward, Nathaniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is at the core of training modern large machine learning models, providing a scheme for learning powerful representations that can be used in a variety of downstream tasks. However, SSL strategies must be adapted to the type of training data and downstream tasks required. We propose RS3L ("Re-simulation-based self-supervised representation learning"), a novel simulation-based SSL strategy that employs a method of re-simulation to drive data augmentation for contrastive learning in the physical sciences, particularly, in fields that rely on stochastic simulators. By intervening in the middle of the simulation process and re-running simulation components downstream of the intervention, we generate multiple realizations of an event, thus producing a set of augmentations covering all physics-driven variations available in the simulator. Using experiments from high-energy physics, we explore how this strategy may enable the development of a foundation model; we show how RS3L pre-training enables powerful performance in downstream tasks such as discrimination of a variety of objects and uncertainty mitigation. In addition to our results, we make the RS3L dataset publicly available for further studies on how to improve SSL strategies.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Anas anser Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Anseriformes
Anatidae
Anas
Anas anser

description: Anas anser [spec. nov.]
A. rostro semicylindrico, corpore supra cinereo subtus pallidiore, collo striato. Fn. svec. 90.
Anser ferus. Gesn. av. 158. Aldr. orn. l. 19. c. 18. Will. orn. 274. t. 69. Raj. av. 136.
Anser domesticus. Gesn. av. 141. Will. orn. 273. t. 75. Raj. av. 136.
Anser canadensis fuscus maculatus. Edw. av. 153. t. 153.
Habitat in Europa & America maxime boreali.
Collum striatum. Annulus albus ad basin rostri in spontaneo; migrat per phalanges; filo arcetur. Mas 1 feminis 4; inde Pennae, Plumae, Anser durateus, Jus spartanum, Jecur ficatum.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 123, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The development of characterisation techniques and electrodes for alkaline membrane fuel cells
Creators: name: Smith, Graham
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Chapter 2 introduces the fundamentals of low temperature fuel cells. The chapter has a focus on the structure and role of components typically found in alkaline membrane fuel cells, offering a brief review of the start of the art in 2015. Chapter 3 reports on alternatives to platinum electrocatalysts for alkaline conditions with results presented for both anode and cathode catalysts. For the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction, carbon supported iridium nanoparticles were investigated. The nanoparticles were synthesised by chemical reduction and subject to ex situ characterisation. Preliminary ex situ electrochemical measurements showed that this catalyst had an alkaline hydrogen oxidation performance superior to that of carbon supported platinum nanoparticles. At the cathode, sintered silver filtration membranes were investigated as combined DM and catalyst layers. Ex situ testing and analytical modelling showed that these sintered membranes had significantly higher electrical and thermal conductivity than traditional DM. Electrochemical measurements showed that the addition of a hydrophobic polymer allowed the silver membrane to catalyse the oxygen reduction reaction. Current densities of 50 mA cmgeo 2 at +600 mV vs. RHE were possible in ex situ testing. Surface area measurements indicated that optimisation of the three-phase contact area is required before a significant in situ catalytic performance is possible. Chapter 4 examines the utility of different types of underpotential deposition to measure the electrochemical surface area of different metal catalysts. In particular, the use of lead underpotential deposition on silver was investigated. Underpotential deposition was found to be possible on nanoparticles as small as 10 nm but the presence of a particle size effect, not found for lead deposition on platinum nanoparticles, was present. Chapter 5 presents the results of incorporating a novel in situ reference electrode into the membrane electrode assembly of an operating fuel cell. The utility of the reference electrodes was demonstrated by using them to monitor transient processes. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, it was possible to confirm that electrode potentials in the cell exceed 1.3 V vs. RHE under simulated start-up conditions. In an anionic cell, it was possible to monitor changes of the anode potential as the cell was polarised.
Granular Aluminum Parametric Amplifier for Low-Noise Measurements in Tesla Fields
Creators: name: Zapata, Nicolas
name: Takmakov, Ivan
name: Günzler, Simon
name: Geisert, Simon
name: Ihssen, Soeren
name: Field, Mitchell
name: Nambisan, Ameya
name: Rieger, Dennis
name: Reisinger, Thomas
name: Wernsdorfer, Wolfgang
name: Pop, Ioan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson junction parametric amplifiers have become essential tools for microwave quantum circuit readout with minimal added noise. Even after improving at an impressive rate in the last decade, they remain vulnerable to magnetic field, which limits their use in many applications such as spin qubits, Andreev and molecular magnet devices, dark matter searches, etc. Kinetic inductance materials, such as granular aluminum (grAl), offer an alternative source of non-linearity with innate magnetic field resilience. We present a non-degenerate amplifier made of two coupled grAl resonators resilient to in-plane magnetic field up to 1 T. It offers 20 dB of gain close to the quantum limit of added noise, with a gain-bandwidth product of 28 MHz and -110 dBm input saturation power.
Spatially assessing unpleasant places with hard- and soft-GIS methods: a river landscape application
Creators: name: Röing, Sina
name: Gottwald, Sarah
name: Hermes, Johannes
name: Schmidt, Stefan
name: Albert, Christian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This paper explores the visual, acoustic and olfactory impairments to landscape aesthetic quality in a river landscape case study, using hard- and soft-GIS approaches. The research objectives are (1) to develop a model that localizes the spatial distribution of areas likely perceived as unpleasant and assesses the intensity of visual, acoustic and olfactory impairments in those areas by using a hard-GIS method, and (2) to test the statistical validity of the model based on results gained from a soft GIS method. The case study area is the Lahn river landscape, Germany. Results show a substantial share of the study area affected by modelled impairments, especially areas close to urban environments and along rivers. The area affected by impairments is highest for visual (91%), followed by acoustic (84%) and olfactory factors (54%). However, impairment intensities are greatest for acoustics (30% of study area) and visual (18%). Soft-GIS data tests revealed statistical defensibility of modeled impaired areas. The results highlight the importance of disaggregate analyses of impairments and can provide information on suitable locations for interventions to minimize impairments. Combining hard-GIS with soft-GIS methods may contribute to the credibility, relevance and legitimacy of scientific findings for planning processes and decision-making.
Searches For Primeval Galaxies
Creators: name: Collins, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A primeval galaxy represents the earliest stages of a galaxy's life and as such provides clues to the early history of the Universe and the evolution of stars and galaxies. Over the last 20 years astronomers have been engaged in the quest to detect the faint signals from these objects, believed to lie at a distance comparable with the size of the Universe. A wide variety of observational techniques have been employed in this search, with astronomers eagerly awaiting each new generation of astronomical telescope or detector in the hope of finally solving the mystery to the origin of galaxies -- or at least placing new and interesting constraints. Until recently, primeval galaxies have eluded detection in these searches, however experiments over the last couple of years which use either 10m-class optical telescopes or state-of-the-art submillimetre array detectors, may hold the clue to the origin of structure as they have finally uncovered what appears to be a widespread population of young galaxies.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures. Paper to be published in Contemporary Physics