cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
FAK regulates platelet extravasation and tumor growth after antiangiogenic therapy withdrawal
Creators: name: Gharpure, Kshipra M.
name: Han, Hee Dong
name: Afshar-Kharghan, Vahid
name: Sood, Anil K.
name: Dalton, Heather J.
name: Cho, Min Soon
name: Hansen, Jean M.
name: Gutschner, Tony
name: Pradeep, Sunila
name: Lopez-Berestein, Gabriel
name: Choi, Hyun-Jin
name: Burns, Alan R.
name: Pecot, Chad V.
name: Nick, Alpa M.
name: Armaiz-Pena, Guillermo N.
name: Nagaraja, Archana S.
name: Taylor, Morgan L.
name: Zand, Behrouz
name: Mangala, Lingegowda S.
name: Stone, Rebecca L.
name: Bottsford-Miller, Justin
name: Rupaimoole, Rajesha
name: Wu, Sherry Y.
name: Haemmerle, Monika
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Recent studies in patients with ovarian cancer suggest that tumor growth may be accelerated following cessation of antiangiogenesis therapy; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of therapy withdrawal to those of continuous treatment with various antiangiogenic agents. Cessation of therapy with pazopanib, bevacizumab, and the human and murine anti-VEGF antibody B20 was associated with substantial tumor growth in mouse models of ovarian cancer. Increased tumor growth was accompanied by tumor hypoxia, increased tumor angiogenesis, and vascular leakage. Moreover, we found hypoxia-induced ADP production and platelet infiltration into tumors after withdrawal of antiangiogenic therapy, and lowering platelet counts markedly inhibited tumor rebound after withdrawal of antiangiogenic therapy. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in platelets regulated their migration into the tumor microenvironment, and FAK-deficient platelets completely prevented the rebound tumor growth. Additionally, combined therapy with a FAK inhibitor and the antiangiogenic agents pazopanib and bevacizumab reduced tumor growth and inhibited negative effects following withdrawal of antiangiogenic therapy. In summary, these results suggest that FAK may be a unique target in situations in which antiangiogenic agents are withdrawn, and dual targeting of FAK and VEGF could have therapeutic implications for ovarian cancer management.
Heterogeneous mean-field theory for two-species symbiotic processes on networks
Creators: name: Costa, Guilherme S.
name: de Oliveira, Marcelo M.
name: Ferreira, Silvio C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple model to study cooperation is the two-species symbiotic contact process (2SCP), in which two different species spread on a graph and interact by a reduced death rate if both occupy the same vertex, representing a symbiotic interaction. The 2SCP is known to exhibit a complex behavior with a rich phase diagram, including continuous and discontinuous transitions between the active phase and extinction. In this work, we advance the understanding of the phase transition of the 2SCP on uncorrelated networks by developing a heterogeneous mean-field (HMF) theory, in which the heterogeneity of contacts is explicitly reckoned. The HMF theory for networks with power-law degree distributions shows that the region of bistability (active and inactive phases) in the phase diagram shrinks as the heterogeneity level is increased by reducing the degree exponent. Finite-size analysis reveals a complex behavior where a pseudo discontinuous transition at a finite-size can be converted into a continuous one in the thermodynamic limit, depending on degree exponent and symbiotic coupling. The theoretical results are supported by extensive numerical simulations.
description: Revised version with new analytical results; 10 pages, 9 figures
Vicia pseudocracca Bertol., Rar. Lig.
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Lorenzo
name: Galasso, Gabriele
name: Domina, Gianniantonio
name: Bartolucci, Fabrizio
name: Santangelo, Annalisa
name: Alessandrini, Alessandro
name: Astuti, Giovanni
name: D'Antraccoli, Marco
name: Roma-Marzio, Francesco
name: Ardenghi, Nicola M. G.
name: Barberis, Giuseppina
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Bernardo, Liliana
name: Peccenini, Simonetta
name: Stinca, Adriano
name: Wagensommer, Robert P.
name: Bonari, Gianmaria
name: Iamonico, Duilio
name: Iberite, Mauro
name: Viciani, Daniele
name: Guacchio, Emanuele Del
name: Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del
name: Lastrucci, Lorenzo
name: Villani, Mariacristina
name: Brunu, Antonello
name: Magrini, Sara
name: Pistarino, Annalaura
name: Brullo, Salvatore
name: Salmeri, Cristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Vicia
Vicia pseudocracca

description: Vicia pseudocracca Bertol., Rar. Lig. [Ital.] Pl. 3: 58(–60). 1810.
 Ind. Loc.:—“inter Viam-regiam [Viareggio], et Pisas”. TOS
 Type:—Not designated.
 Note:—According to Art. 60.11 of the ICN, the spelling of the specific epithet originally published as “ Pseudocracca ” is to be corrected in “ pseudocracca ”.
 Compiled by:— A. Alessandrini
description: Published as part of Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Galasso, Gabriele, Domina, Gianniantonio, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Santangelo, Annalisa, Alessandrini, Alessandro, Astuti, Giovanni, D'Antraccoli, Marco, Roma-Marzio, Francesco, Ardenghi, Nicola M. G., Barberis, Giuseppina, Conti, Fabio, Bernardo, Liliana, Peccenini, Simonetta, Stinca, Adriano, Wagensommer, Robert P., Bonari, Gianmaria, Iamonico, Duilio, Iberite, Mauro, Viciani, Daniele, Guacchio, Emanuele Del, Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Villani, Mariacristina, Brunu, Antonello, Magrini, Sara, Pistarino, Annalaura, Brullo, Salvatore & Salmeri, Cristina, 2019, An inventory of the names of native, non-endemic vascular plants described from Italy, their loci classici and types, pp. 1-215 in Phytotaxa 410 (1) on page 181, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13716045
High-throughput screening in niche-based assay identifies compounds to target preleukemic stem cells
Creators: name: Kwok, Benjamin H.
name: Maddox, Paul S.
name: Tremblay, Mathieu
name: Krosl, Jana
name: Roux, Philippe P.
name: Gerby, Bastien
name: Hoang, Trang
name: Ottoni, Elizabeth
name: Lavoie, Genevieve
name: Sauvageau, Guy
name: Fares, Iman
name: Hebert, Josee
name: Geoffrion, Dominique
name: Nourreddine, Sami
name: Haman, Andre
name: Marinier, Anne
name: Veiga, Diogo F.T.
name: Chagraoui, Jalila
name: Kosic, Milena
name: Ouellette, Julianne
name: Ryan, Joel
name: Litalien, Veronique
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Current chemotherapies for T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) efficiently reduce tumor mass. Nonetheless, disease relapse attributed to survival of preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) is associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we provide direct evidence that pre-LSCs are much less chemosensitive to existing chemotherapy drugs than leukemic blasts because of a distinctive lower proliferative state. Improving therapies for T-ALL requires the development of strategies to target pre-LSCs that are absolutely dependent on their microenvironment. Therefore, we designed a robust protocol for high-throughput screening of compounds that target primary pre-LSCs maintained in a niche-like environment, on stromal cells that were engineered for optimal NOTCH1 activation. The multiparametric readout takes into account the intrinsic complexity of primary cells in order to specifically monitor pre-LSCs, which were induced here by the SCL/TAL1 and LMO1 oncogenes. We screened a targeted library of compounds and determined that the estrogen derivative 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) disrupted both cell-autonomous and non–cell-autonomous pathways. Specifically, 2-ME2 abrogated pre-LSC viability and self-renewal activity in vivo by inhibiting translation of MYC, a downstream effector of NOTCH1, and preventing SCL/TAL1 activity. In contrast, normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells remained functional. These results illustrate how recapitulating tissue-like properties of primary cells in high-throughput screening is a promising avenue for innovation in cancer chemotherapy.
Kramers-Kronig Relations for Nonlinear Rheology: 2. Validation of Medium Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (MAOS) Measurements
Creators: name: Shanbhag, Sachin
name: Joshi, Yogesh M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The frequency dependence of third-harmonic medium amplitude oscillatory shear (MAOS) modulus $G_{33}^{*}(ω)$ provides insight into material behavior and microstructure in the asymptotically nonlinear regime. Motivated by the difficulty in the measurement of MAOS moduli, we propose a test for data validation based on nonlinear Kramers-Kronig relations. We extend the approach used to assess the consistency of linear viscoelastic data by expressing the real and imaginary parts of $G_{33}^{*}(ω)$ as a linear combination of Maxwell elements: the functional form for the MAOS kernels is inspired by time-strain separability (TSS). We propose a statistical fitting technique called the SMEL test, which works well on a broad range of materials and models including those that do not obey TSS. It successfully copes with experimental data that are noisy, or confined to a limited frequency range. When Maxwell modes obtained from the SMEL test are used to predict the first-harmonic MAOS modulus $G_{31}^{*}$, it is possible to identify the range of timescales over which a material exhibits TSS.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Evidence for eight node mixed-symmetry superconductivity in a correlated organic metal
Creators: name: Guterding, Daniel
name: Diehl, Sandra
name: Altmeyer, Michaela
name: Methfessel, Torsten
name: Tutsch, Ulrich
name: Schubert, Harald
name: Lang, Michael
name: Müller, Jens
name: Huth, Michael
name: Jeschke, Harald O.
name: Valenti, Roser
name: Jourdan, Martin
name: Elmers, Hans-Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of the superconducting state in the quasi-two-dimensional organic superconductor $κ$-(ET)$_2$Cu[N(CN)$_2$]Br. Applying spin-fluctuation theory to a low-energy material-specific Hamiltonian derived from ab initio density functional theory we calculate the quasiparticle density of states in the superconducting state. We find a distinct three-peak structure that results from a strongly anisotropic mixed-symmetry superconducting gap with eight nodes and twofold rotational symmetry. This theoretical prediction is supported by low-temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy on in situ cleaved single crystals of $κ$-(ET)$_2$Cu[N(CN)$_2$]Br with the tunneling direction parallel to the layered structure.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.;6+12 pages;3+13 figures
Soft Pomeron in the Colour Glass Condensate approach
Creators: name: Contreras, Carlos
name: Levin, Eugene
name: Sanhueza, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we suggest a new approach to the structure of the soft Pomeron: based on the $t$-channel unitarity, we expressed the exchange of the soft Pomeron through the interaction of the dipole of small size of the order of $1/Q_s(Y)$ ($Q_s(Y)$ is the saturation momentum) with the hadrons. Therefore, it is shown that the typical distances in soft processes are small $r \sim 1/Q_s\Lb \h Y \Rb $, where $Y \,=\,ln s$. The saturation momentum, which determines the energy dependence of the scattering amplitude is proportional to $ Q^2_s\Lb \h Y \Rb \propto\,\exp\Lb\h λ\,Y\Rb$, with $λ\approx\,0.2$, and this behaviour is in perfect agreement with phenomenological Donnachie-Landshoff Pomeron. We demonstrate that the saturation models could describe the experimental data for $σ_{tot},σ_{el},σ_{diff} $ and $B_{el}$. Hence our approach is a good first approximation to start discussion of the soft processes in CGC approach on the solid theoretical basis.
description: 19pp 28 figures in pdf files
Viola argenteria Moraldo & Forneris, Allionia
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Lorenzo
name: Galasso, Gabriele
name: Domina, Gianniantonio
name: Bartolucci, Fabrizio
name: Santangelo, Annalisa
name: Alessandrini, Alessandro
name: Astuti, Giovanni
name: D'Antraccoli, Marco
name: Roma-Marzio, Francesco
name: Ardenghi, Nicola M. G.
name: Barberis, Giuseppina
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Bernardo, Liliana
name: Peccenini, Simonetta
name: Stinca, Adriano
name: Wagensommer, Robert P.
name: Bonari, Gianmaria
name: Iamonico, Duilio
name: Iberite, Mauro
name: Viciani, Daniele
name: Guacchio, Emanuele Del
name: Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del
name: Lastrucci, Lorenzo
name: Villani, Mariacristina
name: Brunu, Antonello
name: Magrini, Sara
name: Pistarino, Annalaura
name: Brullo, Salvatore
name: Salmeri, Cristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Violaceae
Viola
Viola argenteria

description: Viola argenteria Moraldo & Forneris, Allionia 28: 51(–59, figs. 1–2, map). 1988. [1987–1988 publ. 1988]
 Ind. Loc.:—“inter diffractos lapides summi, & editissimi jugi Col de la fema morta ad alpes Valderianas pertinentis”. PIE
 Type:— ITALY. Herb. Allioni, Viola nummularifolia (holotype, TO).
 Note:—Published as intended replacement name for Viola nummulariifolia All. (a later isonym of V.nummulariifolia Vill., not a homonym), actually this name is a new species published bythe reference to and contemporary reproduction of Allioni’s (1785) previously and effectively published diagnosis (Arts. 38.1(a) and 7.8 of the ICN) and by the exclusion of the type of Viola nummulariifolia Vill.; the lectotype is to be corrected to holotype (Arts. 9.10, 9 Note 6, and 40.6 of the ICN).
 Compiled by:— L. Peruzzi
description: Published as part of Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Galasso, Gabriele, Domina, Gianniantonio, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Santangelo, Annalisa, Alessandrini, Alessandro, Astuti, Giovanni, D'Antraccoli, Marco, Roma-Marzio, Francesco, Ardenghi, Nicola M. G., Barberis, Giuseppina, Conti, Fabio, Bernardo, Liliana, Peccenini, Simonetta, Stinca, Adriano, Wagensommer, Robert P., Bonari, Gianmaria, Iamonico, Duilio, Iberite, Mauro, Viciani, Daniele, Guacchio, Emanuele Del, Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Villani, Mariacristina, Brunu, Antonello, Magrini, Sara, Pistarino, Annalaura, Brullo, Salvatore & Salmeri, Cristina, 2019, An inventory of the names of native, non-endemic vascular plants described from Italy, their loci classici and types, pp. 1-215 in Phytotaxa 410 (1) on pages 181-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13716045
Dilaton-Axion Inflation with PBHs and GWs
Creators: name: Kallosh, Renata
name: Linde, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss two-stage dilaton-axion inflation models [1] and describe $α$-attractor models with either exponential or polynomial approach to the plateau. We implement one of the models of primordial black hole production proposed in [2] in the $α$-attractor context, and develop its supergravity version. The predictions of this model following from its polynomial attractor properties are: $n_s$ and $r$ are $α$-independent, $r$ depends on the mass parameter $μ$ defining the approach to the plateau. The tachyonic instability at the transition point between the two stages of inflation is proportional to the negative curvature of the hyperbolic space $\mathcal{R}_K=-2/3α$. Therefore the masses of primordial black holes (PBHs) and the frequencies of small-scale gravitational waves (GWs) in this model show significant dependence on $α$.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Constraints on cosmic birefringence using $E$-mode polarisation
Creators: name: Abghari, Arefe
name: Sullivan, Raelyn M.
name: Hergt, Lukas T.
name: Scott, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A birefringent universe could show itself through a rotation of the plane of polarisation of the cosmic microwave background photons. This is usually investigated using polarisation $B$ modes, which is degenerate with miscalibration of the orientation of the polarimeters. Here we point out an independent method for extracting the birefringence angle using only temperature and $E$-mode signals. We forecast that, with an ideal cosmic-variance-limited experiment, we could constrain a birefringence angle of $0.3^\circ$ with $3\,σ$ statistical significance, which is close to the current constraints using $B$ modes. We explore how this method is affected by the systematic errors introduced by the polarisation efficiency. In the future, this could provide an additional way of checking any claimed $B$-mode derived birefringence signature.
description: 11 pages
In vivo platforms for analysis of HIV persistence and eradication
Creators: name: Garcia, J. Victor
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: HIV persistence in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy is a major impediment to the cure of HIV/AIDS. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HIV persistence in vivo have not been fully elucidated. This lack of basic knowledge has hindered progress in this area. The in vivo analysis of HIV persistence and the implementation of curative strategies would benefit from animal models that accurately recapitulate key aspects of the human condition. This Review summarizes the contribution that humanized mouse models of HIV infection have made to the field of HIV cure research. Even though these models have been shown to be highly informative in many specific areas, their great potential to serve as excellent platforms for discovery in HIV pathogenesis and treatment has yet to be fully developed.
Self-organizing Knotted Magnetic Structures in Plasma
Creators: name: Smiet, C. B.
name: Candelaresi, S.
name: Thompson, A.
name: Swearngin, J.
name: Dalhuizen, J. W.
name: Bouwmeester, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform full-MHD simulations on various initially helical configurations and show that they reconfigure into a state where the magnetic field lines span nested toroidal surfaces. This relaxed configuration is not a Taylor state, as is often assumed for relaxing plasma, but a state where the Lorentz force is balanced by the hydrostatic pressure, which is lowest on the central ring of the nested tori. Furthermore, the structure is characterized by a spatially slowly varying rotational transform, which leads to the formation of a few magnetic islands at rational surfaces. We then obtain analytic expressions that approximate the global structure of the quasi-stable linked and knotted plasma configurations that emerge, using maps from $S^3$ to $S^2$ of which the Hopf fibration is a special case. The knotted plasma configurations have a highly localized magnetic energy density and retain their structure on time scales much longer than the Alfvenic time scale.
Transit Light-curves for Exomoons: Analytical Formalism
Creators: name: Saha, Suman
name: Sengupta, Sujan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photometric transit method has been the most effective method to detect and characterize exoplanets as several ground-based as well as space-based survey missions have discovered thousands of exoplanets using this method. With the advent of the upcoming next generation large telescopes, the detection of exomoons in a few of these exoplanetary systems is very plausible. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analytical formalism in order to model the transit light curves for such moon hosting exoplanets. In order to achieve analytical formalism, we have considered circular orbit of the exomoon around the host planet, which is indeed the case for tidally locked moons. The formalism uses the radius and orbital properties of both the host planet and its moon as model parameters. The co-alignment or non-coalignment of the orbits of the planet and the moon is parameterized using two angular parameters and thus can be used to model all the possible orbital alignments for a star-planet-moon system. This formalism also provides unique and direct solutions to every possible star-planet-moon three circular body alignments. Using the formula derived, a few representative light curves are also presented.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
A plasmonic nanoantenna based triggered single photon source
Creators: name: Straubel, Jako
name: Filter, Robert
name: Rockstuhl, Carsten
name: Słowik, Karolina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Highly integrated single photon sources are key components in future quantum-optical circuits. Whereas the probabilistic generation of single photons can routinely be done by now, their triggered generation is a much greater challenge. Here, we describe the triggered generation of single photons in a hybrid plasmonic device. It consists of a lambda-type quantum emitter coupled to a multimode optical nanoantenna. For moderate interaction strengths between the subsystems, the description of the quantum optical evolution can be simplified by an adiabatic elimination of the electromagnetic fields of the nanoantenna modes. This leads to an insightful analysis of the emitter's dynamics, entails the opportunity to understand the physics of the device, and to identify parameter regimes for a desired operation. Even though the approach presented in this work is general, we consider a simple exemplary design of a plasmonic nanoantenna, made of two silver nanorods, suitable for triggered generation of single photons.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus: immunobiology, oncogenesis, and therapy
Creators: name: Dittmer, Dirk P.
name: Damania, Blossom
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8, is the etiologic agent underlying Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman’s disease. This human gammaherpesvirus was discovered in 1994 by Drs. Yuan Chang and Patrick Moore. Today, there are over five thousand publications on KSHV and its associated malignancies. In this article, we review recent and ongoing developments in the KSHV field, including molecular mechanisms of KSHV pathogenesis, clinical aspects of KSHV-associated diseases, and current treatments for cancers associated with this virus.
Adiabatic paths of Hamiltonians, symmetries of topological order, and automorphism codes
Creators: name: Aasen, David
name: Wang, Zhenghan
name: Hastings, Matthew B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent "honeycomb code" is a fault-tolerant quantum memory defined by a sequence of checks which implements a nontrivial automorphism of the toric code. We argue that a general framework to understand this code is to consider continuous adiabatic paths of gapped Hamiltonians and we give a conjectured description of the fundamental group and second and third homotopy groups of this space in two spatial dimensions. A single cycle of such a path can implement some automorphism of the topological order of that Hamiltonian. We construct such paths for arbitrary automorphisms of two-dimensional doubled topological order. Then, realizing this in the case of the toric code, we turn this path back into a sequence of checks, constructing an automorphism code closely related to the honeycomb code.
description: 36 pages, 10 figures; v2: additional references and minor revisions
Polynomials realizing images of Galois representations of an elliptic curve
Creators: name: Yvon, Zoé
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 12F12, 11G05, Secondary 11R32, 11F80, 11Y99

description: The aim of the inverse Galois problem is to find extensions of a given field whose Galois group is isomorphic to a given group. In this article, we are interested in subgroups of GL(2,Z/nZ) where n is an integer. We know that, in general, we can realize these groups as the Galois group of a given number field, using the torsion points on an elliptic curve. Specifically, a theorem of Reverter and Vila (2000) gives, for each prime n, a polynomial, depending on an elliptic curve, whose Galois group is GL(2,Z/nZ). In this article, we generalize this theorem in several directions, in particular for n non necessarily prime. We also determine a minimum for the valuations of the coefficients of the polynomials arising in our construction, depending only on n.
description: Comments are welcome !
Viola laricicola Marcussen, Bot. J. Linn. Soc.
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Lorenzo
name: Galasso, Gabriele
name: Domina, Gianniantonio
name: Bartolucci, Fabrizio
name: Santangelo, Annalisa
name: Alessandrini, Alessandro
name: Astuti, Giovanni
name: D'Antraccoli, Marco
name: Roma-Marzio, Francesco
name: Ardenghi, Nicola M. G.
name: Barberis, Giuseppina
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Bernardo, Liliana
name: Peccenini, Simonetta
name: Stinca, Adriano
name: Wagensommer, Robert P.
name: Bonari, Gianmaria
name: Iamonico, Duilio
name: Iberite, Mauro
name: Viciani, Daniele
name: Guacchio, Emanuele Del
name: Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del
name: Lastrucci, Lorenzo
name: Villani, Mariacristina
name: Brunu, Antonello
name: Magrini, Sara
name: Pistarino, Annalaura
name: Brullo, Salvatore
name: Salmeri, Cristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Violaceae
Viola
Viola laricicola

description: Viola laricicola Marcussen, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142(1): 119(–123, fig. 2, map). 2003. [13 March 2003]
 Ind. Loc.:—“Alpibus delphinensibus: Montis Roche Colombe declivi austro-occidentali prope Col du Lautaret, supra viam prope Galerie du Rif Blanc et Tunnel des Valois, alt. 2000 m, in silva Laricis deciduae Pini muginis et inter saxa rupesque, solo calcareo”. EST, PIE
 Type:— ITALY.Alpibus delphinensibus: Montis Roche Colombe declivi austro-occidentali prope Col du Lautaret, supra viam prope Galerie du Rif Blanc et Tunnel des Valois, alt. 2000 m, in silva Laricis deciduae-Pini muginis et inter saxa rupesque, solo calcareo, s.d., Marcussen 504 (holotype, O).
 Compiled by:— R. Marcucci
description: Published as part of Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Galasso, Gabriele, Domina, Gianniantonio, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Santangelo, Annalisa, Alessandrini, Alessandro, Astuti, Giovanni, D'Antraccoli, Marco, Roma-Marzio, Francesco, Ardenghi, Nicola M. G., Barberis, Giuseppina, Conti, Fabio, Bernardo, Liliana, Peccenini, Simonetta, Stinca, Adriano, Wagensommer, Robert P., Bonari, Gianmaria, Iamonico, Duilio, Iberite, Mauro, Viciani, Daniele, Guacchio, Emanuele Del, Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Villani, Mariacristina, Brunu, Antonello, Magrini, Sara, Pistarino, Annalaura, Brullo, Salvatore & Salmeri, Cristina, 2019, An inventory of the names of native, non-endemic vascular plants described from Italy, their loci classici and types, pp. 1-215 in Phytotaxa 410 (1) on page 182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13716045
A Machian Approach to General Relativity
Creators: name: Vishwakarma, Ram Gopal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mach's principle is surely one of those tantalizingly beautiful concepts in physics which remain elusive. Though General Relativity (GR) was conceived in the spirit of realizing it, the theory failed to fulfill this expectation. Here a study on the implications of imposing Mach's principle on GR with an insight that spacetime has no independent existence without a material background, is presented. This inclusion of the principle in GR turns out to be unexpectedly rewarding. The resulting theory solves many mysteries and averts lingering problems of the conventional forms of GR and cosmology.
description: Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. (in press)
Macrophages sustain HIV replication in vivo independently of T cells
Creators: name: Spagnuolo, Rae Ann
name: Zakharova, Oksana
name: Foster, John
name: Wahl, Angela
name: Sharpe, Garrett
name: Garcia, J. Victor
name: Caro-Vegas, Carolina
name: Madden, Victoria
name: Wietgrefe, Stephen
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Baker, Caroline
name: Haase, Ashley T.
name: Honeycutt, Jenna B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Macrophages have long been considered to contribute to HIV infection of the CNS; however, a recent study has contradicted this early work and suggests that myeloid cells are not an in vivo source of virus production. Here, we addressed the role of macrophages in HIV infection by first analyzing monocytes isolated from viremic patients and patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment. We were unable to find viral DNA or viral outgrowth in monocytes isolated from peripheral blood. To determine whether tissue macrophages are productively infected, we used 3 different but complementary humanized mouse models. Two of these models (bone marrow/liver/thymus [BLT] mice and T cell–only mice [ToM]) have been previously described, and the third model was generated by reconstituting immunodeficient mice with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells that were devoid of human T cells (myeloid-only mice [MoM]) to specifically evaluate HIV replication in this population. Using MoM, we demonstrated that macrophages can sustain HIV replication in the absence of T cells; HIV-infected macrophages are distributed in various tissues including the brain; replication-competent virus can be rescued ex vivo from infected macrophages; and infected macrophages can establish de novo infection. Together, these results demonstrate that macrophages represent a genuine target for HIV infection in vivo that can sustain and transmit infection.
Symmetry group at future null infinity I: Scalar theory
Creators: name: Liu, Wen-Bin
name: Long, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reduce the massless scalar field theory in Minkowski spacetime to future null infinity. We compute the Poincaré flux operators, which can be generalized and identified as the supertranslation and superrotation generators. These generators are shown to form a closed symmetry algebra with a divergent central charge. In the classical limit, we argue that the algebra may be interpreted as the geometric symmetry of a Carrollian manifold, i.e., the hypersurface of future null infinity. Our method may be used to find more physically interesting Carrollian field theories.
description: 51 pages, revised version
A numerical study of the Regge Calculus and Smooth Lattice methods on a Kasner cosmology
Creators: name: Brewin, Leo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two lattice based methods for numerical relativity, the Regge Calculus and the Smooth Lattice Relativity, will be compared with respect to accuracy and computational speed in a full 3+1 evolution of initial data representing a standard Kasner cosmology. It will be shown that both methods provide convergent approximations to the exact Kasner cosmology. It will also be shown that the Regge Calculus is of the order of 110 times slower than the Smooth Lattice method.
Woodsia pulchella Bertol., Fl. Ital. Crypt.
Creators: name: Peruzzi, Lorenzo
name: Galasso, Gabriele
name: Domina, Gianniantonio
name: Bartolucci, Fabrizio
name: Santangelo, Annalisa
name: Alessandrini, Alessandro
name: Astuti, Giovanni
name: D'Antraccoli, Marco
name: Roma-Marzio, Francesco
name: Ardenghi, Nicola M. G.
name: Barberis, Giuseppina
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Bernardo, Liliana
name: Peccenini, Simonetta
name: Stinca, Adriano
name: Wagensommer, Robert P.
name: Bonari, Gianmaria
name: Iamonico, Duilio
name: Iberite, Mauro
name: Viciani, Daniele
name: Guacchio, Emanuele Del
name: Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del
name: Lastrucci, Lorenzo
name: Villani, Mariacristina
name: Brunu, Antonello
name: Magrini, Sara
name: Pistarino, Annalaura
name: Brullo, Salvatore
name: Salmeri, Cristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Woodsiaceae
Woodsia
Woodsia pulchella

description: Woodsia pulchella Bertol., Fl. Ital. Crypt. 1(1): 111(–112). 1858.
 Ind. Loc.:—“ex Tyroli meridonali in Pusteria”. TAA
 Type:—Not designated.
 Compiled by:— A. Alessandrini
description: Published as part of Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Galasso, Gabriele, Domina, Gianniantonio, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Santangelo, Annalisa, Alessandrini, Alessandro, Astuti, Giovanni, D'Antraccoli, Marco, Roma-Marzio, Francesco, Ardenghi, Nicola M. G., Barberis, Giuseppina, Conti, Fabio, Bernardo, Liliana, Peccenini, Simonetta, Stinca, Adriano, Wagensommer, Robert P., Bonari, Gianmaria, Iamonico, Duilio, Iberite, Mauro, Viciani, Daniele, Guacchio, Emanuele Del, Galdo, Gianpietro Giusso Del, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Villani, Mariacristina, Brunu, Antonello, Magrini, Sara, Pistarino, Annalaura, Brullo, Salvatore & Salmeri, Cristina, 2019, An inventory of the names of native, non-endemic vascular plants described from Italy, their loci classici and types, pp. 1-215 in Phytotaxa 410 (1) on page 183, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.410.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13716045
Multicomponent relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation
Creators: name: Fotakis, Jan A.
name: Molnár, Etele
name: Niemi, Harri
name: Greiner, Carsten
name: Rischke, Dirk H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive multicomponent relativistic second-order dissipative fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equations for a reactive mixture of $N_{\text{spec}}$ particle species with $N_q$ intrinsic quantum numbers (e.g. electric charge, baryon number, and strangeness) using the method of moments. We obtain the continuity equations for multiple conserved charges as well as the conservation equations for the total energy and momentum in the single-fluid approximation. These $4+N_q$ conservation laws are closed by deriving the second-order equations of motion for the dissipative quantities in the $(10+4N_q)$-moment approximation. The resulting fluid-dynamical equations are formally similar to those of a single-component system, but feature different thermodynamic relations and transport coefficients. We derive general relations for all transport coefficients and compute them explicitly in the ultrarelativistic limit.
description: 34 pages, 0 figures
ChatGPT and the future of educational assessment
Creators: name: Ireland, Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Higher education
Secondary education

description: This post considers how Artifical Intelligence is changing how we should assess in education. It particularly focusses on ChatGPT and the need for those devising assessment to take it into account. It also shows that despite the many advantages of ChatGPT, its output needs to be treated with caution, as is demonstrated by the 'fake' citations it produces.
GJ 229B: Solving the Puzzle of the First Known T-Dwarf with the APOLLO Retrieval Code
Creators: name: Howe, Alex R.
name: McElwain, Michael W.
name: Mandell, Avi M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GJ 229B was the first T-dwarf to be discovered in 1995, and its spectrum has been more thoroughly observed than most other brown dwarfs. Yet a full spectroscopic analysis of its atmosphere has not been done with modern techniques. This spectrum has several peculiar features, and recent dynamical estimates of GJ 229B's mass and orbit have disagreed widely, both of which warrant closer investigation. With a separation of tens of AU from its host star, GJ 229B falls near the border of the planet and stellar population formation regimes, so its atmosphere could provide clues to formation processes for intermediate objects of this type. In an effort to resolve these questions, we performed retrievals on published spectra of GJ 229B over a wide range of wavelengths (0.5-5.1 ${\rm μm}$) using the open-source APOLLO code. Based on these retrievals, we present a more precise mass estimate of $41.6\pm3.3\, M_J$ and an effective temperature estimate of $869_{-7}^{+5}$ K, which are more consistent with evolutionary models for brown dwarfs and suggest an older age for the system of $>$1.0 Gyr. We also present retrieved molecular abundances for the atmosphere, including replicating the previously-observed high CO abundance, and discuss their implications for the formation and evolution of this object. This retrieval effort will give us insight into how to study other brown dwarfs and directly-imaged planets, including those observed with JWST and other next-generation telescopes.
description: 32 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Mast cell desensitization inhibits calcium flux and aberrantly remodels actin
Creators: name: Church, Alison M.
name: Choi, Hae Woong
name: Gladys Ang,
name: Wesley Burks,
name: Kulis, Mike
name: Abraham, Soman N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Rush desensitization (DS) is a widely used and effective clinical strategy for the rapid inhibition of IgE-mediated anaphylactic responses. However, the cellular targets and underlying mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. Recent studies have implicated mast cells (MCs) as the primary target cells for DS. Here, we developed a murine model of passive anaphylaxis with demonstrated MC involvement and an in vitro assay to evaluate the effect of DS on MCs. In contrast with previous reports, we determined that functional IgE remains on the cell surface of desensitized MCs following DS. Despite notable reductions in MC degranulation following DS, the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI was still capable of transducing signals in desensitized MCs. Additionally, we found that displacement of the actin cytoskeleton and its continued association with FcεRI impede the capacity of desensitized MCs to evoke the calcium response that is essential for MC degranulation. Together, these findings suggest that reduced degranulation responses in desensitized MCs arise from aberrant actin remodeling, providing insights that may lead to improvement of DS treatments for anaphylactic responses.
Non-volatile hybrid optical phase shifter driven by a ferroelectric transistor
Creators: name: Tang, Rui
name: Watanabe, Kouhei
name: Fujita, Masahiro
name: Tang, Hanzhi
name: Akazawa, Tomohiro
name: Toprasertpong, Kasidit
name: Takagi, Shinichi
name: Takenaka, Mitsuru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical phase shifters are essential elements in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and function as a direct interface to program the PIC. Non-volatile phase shifters, which can retain information without a power supply, are highly desirable for low-power static operations. Here a non-volatile optical phase shifter is demonstrated by driving a III-V/Si hybrid metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) phase shifter with a ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) operating in the source follower mode. Owing to the various polarization states in the FeFET, multistate non-volatile phase shifts up to 1.25π are obtained with CMOS-compatible operation voltages and low switching energy up to 3.3 nJ. Furthermore, a crossbar array architecture is proposed to simplify the control of non-volatile phase shifters in large-scale PICs and its feasibility is verified by confirming the selective write-in operation of a targeted FeFET with a negligible disturbance to the others. This work paves the way for realizing large-scale non-volatile programmable PICs for emerging computing applications such as deep learning and quantum computing.
Information conduction and convection in noiseless Vicsek flocks
Creators: name: Geiß, Daniel
name: Kroy, Klaus
name: Holubec, Viktor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical interactions generally respect certain symmetries, such as reciprocity and energy conservation, which survive in coarse grained isothermal descriptions. Active many-body systems usually break such symmetries intrinsically, on the particle level, so that their collective behavior is often more naturally interpreted as a result of information exchange. Here, we study numerically how information spreads from a "leader" particle through an initially aligned flock, described by the Vicsek model without noise. In the low-speed limit of a static spin lattice, we find purely conductive spreading, reminiscent of heat transfer. Swarm motility and heterogeneity can break reciprocity and spin conservation. But what seems more consequential for the swarm response is that the dispersion relation acquires a significant convective contribution along the leader's direction of motion.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Programmed death ligand-1 expression on donor T cells drives graft-versus-host disease lethality
Creators: name: Devine, Steven M.
name: Freeman, Gordon J.
name: Tkachev, Victor
name: Sacristan, Catarina
name: Blair, Ian A.
name: Thangavelu, Govindarajan
name: Riley, James L.
name: Burrill, Joel S.
name: O'Connor, Roddy S.
name: Dustin, Michael L.
name: Milone, Michael C.
name: Pawlicki, Jan M.
name: Turka, Laurence A.
name: Murphy, William J.
name: Ranganathan, Parvathi
name: Kean, Leslie S.
name: Sharpe, Arlene H.
name: Serody, Jonathan S.
name: Dandamudi, Durga Bhavani
name: Wilson, Caleph B.
name: Saha, Asim
name: Bernlohr, David A.
name: Munn, David H.
name: Guo, Lili
name: Blazar, Bruce R.
name: Fife, Brian T.
name: Furlan, Scott N.
name: Miller, Jeffrey S.
name: Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Angela
name: Vincent, Benjamin G.
name: Taylor, Patricia A.
name: Lovitch, Scott B.
name: Aoyama, Kazutoshi
name: Foncea, Rocio
name: Snyder, Nathaniel W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) interaction with PD-1 induces T cell exhaustion and is a therapeutic target to enhance immune responses against cancer and chronic infections. In murine bone marrow transplant models, PD-L1 expression on host target tissues reduces the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). PD-L1 is also expressed on T cells; however, it is unclear whether PD-L1 on this population influences immune function. Here, we examined the effects of PD-L1 modulation of T cell function in GVHD. In patients with severe GVHD, PD-L1 expression was increased on donor T cells. Compared with mice that received WT T cells, GVHD was reduced in animals that received T cells from Pdl1–/– donors. PD-L1–deficient T cells had reduced expression of gut homing receptors, diminished production of inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced rates of apoptosis. Moreover, multiple bioenergetic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid metabolism, were also reduced in T cells lacking PD-L1. Finally, the reduction of acute GVHD lethality in mice that received Pdl1–/– donor cells did not affect graft-versus-leukemia responses. These data demonstrate that PD-L1 selectively enhances T cell–mediated immune responses, suggesting a context-dependent function of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, and suggest selective inhibition of PD-L1 on donor T cells as a potential strategy to prevent or ameliorate GVHD.
Current driven "plasmonic boom" instability in three-dimensional gated periodic ballistic nanostructures
Creators: name: Aizin, G. R.
name: Mikalopas, J.
name: Shur, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new approach of using distributed transmission line analogy for solving transport equations for ballistic nanostructures is applied for solving the three dimensional problem of the electron transport in gated ballistic nanostructures with periodically changing width. The structures with the varying width allow for modulation of the electron drift velocity while keeping the plasma velocity constant. We predict that in such structures biased by a constant current, a periodic modulation of the electron drift velocity due the varying width results in the instability of the plasma waves if the electron drift velocity to plasma wave velocity ratio changes from below to above unity. The physics of such instability is similar to that of the sonic boom, but, in the periodically modulated structures, this analog of the sonic boom is repeated many times leading to a larger increment of the instability. The constant plasma velocity in the sections of different width leads to the resonant excitation of the unstable plasma modes with the varying bias current. This effect (that we refer to as the super plasmonic boom condition) results in a strong enhancement of the instability. The predicted instability involves the oscillating dipole charge carried by the plasma waves. The plasmons can be efficiently coupled to the terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation due to the periodic geometry of the gated structure. Our estimates show that the analyzed instability should enable powerful tunable terahertz electronic sources.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Manufacturing different drug versions for different markets: Project report
Creators: name: Al-Shimari, Fatima
name: Justy  Antony Chiramal
name: Ramya Kumar
name: Libby, Tanya
name: Delawalla, Miranda
name: Jairam Lingappa
name: START Center
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2023

description: There is increasing concern that the phenomenon of drug manufacturers producing different versions of the same medicine (of v arying quality) for different markets (henceforth referred to as tiered production) may be having concerning impact on both the equity of global drug distribution, and the public health particularly for low and middle - income countries (LMIC) specifically in Africa. The START team sought to assess the peer - reviewed literature, sample experiences of national drug regulators and procurers from Africa, and search publicly available drug procurement and registration data to define how well the size, scope and public health impact of tiered drug production has been quantified. The review identified only two peer - reviewed publications, and only anecdotal experiences from national drug procurers and regulators to help inform our understanding of this problem. The START team summarized these and other findings and summarized recommendations for short - and long - term goals to better understand the scope of this problem.