cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Protostellar Disks: Formation, Fragmentation, and the Brown Dwarf Desert
Creators: name: Matzner, Christopher D.
name: Levin, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that gravitational instability of typical protostellar disks is not a viable mechanism for the fragmentation into multiple systems -- binary stars, brown dwarf companions, or gas giant planets -- except at periods above roughly 20,000 years. Our conclusion is based on a comparison between prior numerical work on disk self-gravity by Gammie (2001) with our own analytical models for the dynamical and thermal state of protostellar disks. For this purpose we first develop a simple theory for the initial conditions of low-mass star formation, accounting for the effect of turbulence on the characteristic mass, accretion rate, and angular momentum of collaping cores. Second, we examine the criterion for fragmentation to occur during star formation, concentrating on the self-gravitational instabilities of protostellar accretion disks in their main accretion phase. Self-gravitational instabilities are strongly dependent on the thermal state of the disk, and we find that the combination of viscous heating and stellar irradiation quenches fragmentation due to Toomre's local instability. Global instability of the disk may be required to process mass supply, but is unlikely to produce fragments. Our findings help to explain the dearth of substellar companions to stellar type stars: the brown dwarf desert.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, accepted by ApJ. Improved discussions of the criterion for local fragmentation and of the effects of stellar radiation; expanded comparisons to numerical simulations and to observations
Instability, Supply Response and Insurance in Oilseeds Production in India
Creators: name: Pandey, L.M.
name: Kumar, Sant
name: Mruthyunjaya
name: Pandey, L.M.
name: Kumar, Sant
name: Mruthyunjaya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Oilseeds
subject: Instability
subject: Covariate risks
subject: Rational expectation
subject: Production response
subject: Risk effect
subject: Insurance market
subject: Social benefits

description: Yield and price instability and covariate risks have been examined for major oilseeds, viz. groundnut, rapeseed/mustard, sunflower and soybean, in selected states of India using time series data. Risk behaviour and effects of price and price risk on production have been analyzed in a rational expectations framework. The study has also estimated social gains from yield and revenue insurance in oilseeds. While instabilities in yield, prices and gross return have shown mixed responses, covariate risks have increased. The results of econometric analysis have indicated that the expected prices and price risk are important determinants of oilseeds production. Price elasticities of oilseed production have been found to vary between 0.26 and 0.88 and price risk elasticities of production between –0.006 and –0.07 in different Indian states. The potential efficiency gains from insurance schemes based on rainfall and other meteorological variables have been estimated to be 17.5 to 43 per cent over self-insurance in oilseeds production.
Risk in Output Growth of Oilseeds in the Rajasthan State: A Policy Perspective
Creators: name: Jain, Praveen Kumar
name: Singh, I.P.
name: Kumar, Anil
name: Jain, Praveen Kumar
name: Singh, I.P.
name: Kumar, Anil
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Today, India is one of the largest producers of oilseeds in the world and this sector occupies an important position in the agricultural economy. Rajasthan state occupies a prominent place in the oilseeds production of India. The important oilseed crops of the Rajasthan state are groundnut, soyabean, rapeseed & mustard, sesamum and taramira. The growth pattern of these crops in the state has been prone to risk over time and across the agro-climatic regions because of the rainfall behaviour, prolonged drought-periods, limited water-resources and facilities available in the state Under such a situation, growth performances of these crops are subjected to high degree of risks in the sector. Therefore, it is important to describe the growth pattern of area, production and productivity, factors affecting acreage allocation under crops and magnitude of instability as well as its sources in major oilseeds crops of Rajasthan state. The fluctuating yield has been seen for almost all the oilseeds crops. However, the area and yield instability of the mustard crop has been found declining overtime plausibly because of increase in irrigation facilities, location-specific technologies and better input management. However, this needs to be further strengthened for improvement in the overall agricultural scenario. The acreage of the crops has been found to be governed by both price and non-price factors. Hence, price incentive alone has not been found to be the sufficient in bringing the desirable change in the cropping pattern as well production of crops. Hence, a policy for better implementation of support price system, development of consistently performing varieties and further enhancement of irrigation facilities will go a long way to ensure stability in the Rajasthan agriculture. To compel the large yield variability, it is advisable to the farmers to avail benefits of crop insurance scheme.
Supplementary Information from Can the genomics of ecological speciation be predicted across the divergence continuum from host races to species? A case study in Rhagoletis
Creators: name: Meyers, Peter J.
name: Doellman, Meredith M.
name: Ragland, Gregory J.
name: Hood, Glen R.
name: Egan, Scott P.
name: Powell, Thomas H. Q.
name: Nosil, Patrik
name: Feder, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Studies assessing the predictability of evolution typically focus on short-term adaptation within populations or the repeatability of change among lineages. A missing consideration in speciation research is to determine whether natural selection predictably transforms standing genetic variation within populations into differences between species. Here, we test whether and how host-related selection on diapause timing associates with genome-wide differentiation during ecological speciation by comparing ancestral hawthorn and newly formed apple-infesting host races of Rhagoletis pomonella to their sibling species R. mendax that attacks blueberries. The associations of 57 857 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a diapause genome-wide-association studies (GWAS) on the hawthorn race strongly predicted the direction and magnitude of genomic divergence among the three fly populations at a field site in Fennville, MI, USA. The apple race and R. mendax show parallel changes in the frequencies of putative inversions on three chromosomes associated with the earlier fruiting times of apples and blueberries compared to hawthorns. A diapause GWAS on R. mendax revealed compensatory changes throughout the genome accounting for the earlier eclosion of blueberry, but not apple flies. Thus, a degree of predictability, although not complete, exists in the genomics of diapause across the ecological speciation continuum in Rhagoletis. The generality of this result is placed in the context of other similar systems.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
The Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S5): Chemical Abundances of Seven Stellar Streams
Creators: name: Ji, Alexander P.
name: Li, Ting S.
name: Hansen, Terese T.
name: Casey, Andrew R.
name: Koposov, Sergey E.
name: Pace, Andrew B.
name: Mackey, Dougal
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Simpson, Jeffrey D.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Cullinane, Lara R.
name: Da Costa, Gary. S.
name: Hattori, Kohei
name: Martell, Sarah L.
name: Kuehn, Kyler
name: Erkal, Denis
name: Shipp, Nora
name: Wan, Zhen
name: Zucker, Daniel B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectroscopy of 42 red giant stars in seven stellar streams confirmed by the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S5): ATLAS, Aliqa Uma, Chenab, Elqui, Indus, Jhelum, and Phoenix. Abundances of 30 elements have been derived from over 10,000 individual line measurements or upper limits using photometric stellar parameters and a standard LTE analysis. This is currently the most extensive set of element abundances for stars in stellar streams. Three streams (ATLAS, Aliqa Uma, and Phoenix) are disrupted metal-poor globular clusters, although only weak evidence is seen for the light element anticorrelations commonly observed in globular clusters. Four streams (Chenab, Elqui, Indus, and Jhelum) are disrupted dwarf galaxies, and their stars display abundance signatures that suggest progenitors with stellar masses ranging from $10^6-10^7 M_\odot$. Extensive description is provided for the analysis methods, including the derivation of a new method for including the effect of stellar parameter correlations on each star's abundance and uncertainty. This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 meter Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile.
description: Accepted to AJ. 39 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables
Managing Risk in Agriculture under Drought Situation in Uttar Pradesh: A Case Study
Creators: name: Singh, R.K.
name: Vishwakarma, Anshu
name: Singh, P.K.
name: Singh, R.K.
name: Vishwakarma, Anshu
name: Singh, P.K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: From a case study under the village level study (VLS), it has been found that in the drought agriculture year 2002-03, the farmers of Uttar Pradesh followed their best choice and own outlook for risk aversion and invariably preferred those crops and techniques which involved damage control and low investment and provided insurance against loss. The water harvesting for irrigation, intercropping, growing of low-value crops, high concentration for fodder and grain rather than grain alone, and preferential low-use of monetary inputs are some of the means commonly used by the farmers during droughts. It has been concluded that rainfall probability analyses would be a component of agricultural managing/ reducing risk while large area of the Indo-Gagetic plains is falling in the state. The major weakness in generating this type of information and analysis is that it provides no specific information about the upcoming season with which the farmer must deal. Some suggestions have been given to mitigate risk in agriculture. Need has been pointed out for preparing a draught vulnerability index for different districts. It has been realized that the IMD’s monsoon forecast methodology needs some serious re-thinking. The intensive climate information /farmer interface intensification of watershed programme; tighter agriculture risk management, and sustained crop diversification will have to be considered. It has been suggested that the preparedness measures can be taken by two different agencies: the assisting agency, and the drought-prone areas themselves. Drawing on field information assembled from drought relief performance, state government may develop a way of drawing inference from experience. A particular activity in drought situation should be analyzed and assessed by degree of success, with the region given for the results. These judgments may be recorded and filed in a retrieval system called ‘lessons learnt’; which could be used as a useful reference source in deciding such question as what quantities are required to care for a particular number of people under a particular kind of environment or situation. The contingency plan for drinking water, irrigation water, food security, cropping system, drought warning system and research on drought- resistant varieties of crops may be updated.
Entanglement under restricted operations: Analogy to mixed-state entanglement
Creators: name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
name: Doherty, Andrew C.
name: Spekkens, Robert W.
name: Wiseman, H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the classification of bi-partite pure entangled states when local quantum operations are restricted yields a structure that is analogous in many respects to that of mixed-state entanglement. Specifically, we develop this analogy by restricting operations through local superselection rules, and show that such exotic phenomena as bound entanglement and activation arise using pure states in this setting. This analogy aids in resolving several conceptual puzzles in the study of entanglement under restricted operations. In particular, we demonstrate that several types of quantum optical states that possess confusing entanglement properties are analogous to bound entangled states. Also, the classification of pure-state entanglement under restricted operations can be much simpler than for mixed-state entanglement. For instance, in the case of local Abelian superselection rules all questions concerning distillability can be resolved.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; published version
Distorted Black Hole Initial Data Using the Puncture Method
Creators: name: Brown, J. David
name: Lowe, Lisa L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve for single distorted black hole initial data using the puncture method, where the Hamiltonian constraint is written as an elliptic equation in R^3 for the nonsingular part of the metric conformal factor. With this approach we can generate isometric and non--isometric black hole data. For the isometric case, our data are directly comparable to those obtained by Bernstein et al., who impose isometry boundary conditions at the black hole throat. Our numerical simulations are performed using a parallel multigrid elliptic equation solver with adaptive mesh refinement. Mesh refinement allows us to use high resolution around the black hole while keeping the grid boundaries far away in the asymptotic region.
description: This is the final version to be published in Phys. Rev. D. It includes minor revisions and some additional tests
title: A maturity model for digital ML tools to be used in manufacturing environments
Creators: name: Rosemeyer, Jannik
name: Neunzig, Christian
name: Akbal, Cem
name: Metternich, Joachim
name: Kuhlenkötter, Bernd
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2024

description: Low or no code machine learning platforms, whereof tools such as KNIME, DataRobot or WEKA are among the best-known, have facilitated the implementation of machine learning applications in industrial environments in recent years by transferring programming tasks to an assistance system instead of demanding users to provide the respective skills. Despite the high number of innovations, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no comprehensive classification scheme to assess the autonomy of those tools. Hence, this paper demonstrates a maturity model that classifies the assistance level of existing digital machine learning tools with respect to the requirements of manufacturing environments. It is based on the levels of driving automation and concretized by the so-called CRISP-ML(Q) procedure model. The model allows researchers to rate newly developed tools against existing ones and aims to serve as a baseline for future research. To evaluate the added value to the research landscape, semi-structured interviews with four ML experts were conducted. Finally, five commercial tools were categorized in the model to show its applicability.
Giant Magnetic-Field-Induced Strain in Ni2MnGa-based polycrystal
Creators: name: Mendonca, Alberto A.
name: Jurado, Jesus F.
name: Stuard, Sam J.
name: Silva, Luiz E. L.
name: Eslava, Gabriel G.
name: Cohen, Lesley F.
name: Ghivelder, Luis
name: Gomes, Angelo M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferromagnetic Ni2MnGa-based alloys play an important role in technological fields, such as smart actuators, magnetic refrigeration and robotics. The possibility of obtaining large non-contact deformation induced by an external perturbation is one of its key strengths for applications. However, the search for materials with low cost, practical fabrication procedures and large signal output under small perturbing fields still poses challenges. In the present study we demonstrate that by judicial choice of substitution on the Mn site, an abrupt magnetostructural transition from a paramagnetic austenite phase to a ferromagnetic martensite one can be tuned to close to room temperature achieving large and reproducible strains. The required magnetic field to induce the strain varies from small values, as low as 0.25 T for 297.4 K and 1.6% of strain, to 8 T for 305 K and 2.6% of strain. Our findings point to encouraging possibilities for application of shape memory alloys in relatively inexpensive, scalable polycrystalline materials.
description: 26 pages and 7 figures
Figure S2 from Genome-wide patterns of divergence and introgression after secondary contact between Pungitius sticklebacks
Creators: name: Yamasaki, Yo Y.
name: Kakioka, Ryo
name: Takahashi, Hiroshi
name: Toyoda, Atsushi
name: Nagano, Atsushi J.
name: Machida, Yoshiyasu
name: Møller, Peter R.
name: Kitano, Jun
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Results of ADMIXTURE analysis.
Efficiency in Indian Edible Oilseed Sector: Analysis and Implications
Creators: name: Mruthyunjaya
name: Kumar, Sant
name: Rajashekharappa, M.T.
name: Pandey, L.M.
name: Ramanarao, S.V.
name: Narayan, Prem
name: Mruthyunjaya
name: Kumar, Sant
name: Rajashekharappa, M.T.
name: Pandey, L.M.
name: Ramanarao, S.V.
name: Narayan, Prem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Reversing the declining trend in productivity of oilseeds and improving the efficiency of oilseed processing is a major challenge to the policymakers and researchers. The present study has analyzed technical inefficiencies and factors responsible for inefficiencies in production and processing of four major edible oilseeds, viz. groundnut, rapeseed and mustard, soybean and sunflower. Both primary and secondary data have been used to estimate the inefficiencies. Analysis has revealed the presence of 1/4 to 1/3 technical inefficiencies in oilseed production at the average level and even more at the farm/ processing unit level along with allocative and scale inefficiencies. The combined technical inefficiencies in the oilseed sector have been found to be 1/2 to 2/3, which are enormous. If prevented/ minimized, the oil production in the country could nearly be doubled. Soil quality, seed replacement and education have been found as determinants of technical efficiency in oilseed production, whereas availability of adequate raw material and higher oil recovery determine the technical efficiency in oil production. Lack of assured market for oilseeds and lack of timely and assured supply of quality seeds and raw materials for processing are some of the important factors for the poor performance of the oilseeds industry. Study has reported that the marginal return to water is one of the highest in oilseeds. Therefore, cultivation of oilseeds in irrigated land if they really compete with other crops for profitability, needs to be given due consideration.
Cold dilute neutron matter on the lattice I: Lattice virial coefficients and large scattering lengths
Creators: name: Lee, Dean
name: Schaefer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study cold dilute neutron matter on the lattice using an effective field theory. We work in the unitary limit in which the scattering length is much larger than the interparticle spacing. In this paper we focus on the equation of state at temperatures above the Fermi temperature and compare lattice simulations to the virial expansion on the lattice and in the continuum. We find that in the unitary limit lattice discretization errors in the second virial coefficient are significantly enhanced. As a consequence the equation of state does not show the universal scaling behavior expected in the unitary limit. We suggest that scaling can be improved by tuning the second virial coefficient rather than the scattering length.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
Figure S4 from Genome-wide patterns of divergence and introgression after secondary contact between Pungitius sticklebacks
Creators: name: Yamasaki, Yo Y.
name: Kakioka, Ryo
name: Takahashi, Hiroshi
name: Toyoda, Atsushi
name: Nagano, Atsushi J.
name: Machida, Yoshiyasu
name: Møller, Peter R.
name: Kitano, Jun
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Results of TWISST analysis.
Demand for Fish by Species in India: Three-stage Budgeting Framework
Creators: name: Kumar, Praduman
name: Dey, Madan Mohan
name: Paraguas, Ferdinand J.
name: Kumar, Praduman
name: Dey, Madan Mohan
name: Paraguas, Ferdinand J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The demand studies for the fish sector are limited by their high degree of aggregation, and the lack of empirical basis for estimating the underlying elasticity of demand. In this study, the three-stage budgeting framework with quadratic almost ideal demand system (QAIDS) model has been used for fish demand analysis by species, using consumer expenditure survey data of India. Income and price elasticities of fish demand have been evaluated at mean level for different economic groups and have been used to project the demand for fish to a medium-term time horizon, by the year 2015. The domestic demand for fish by 2015 has been projected as 6.7-7.7 million tonnes. Aquaculture would hold the key to meet the challenges of future needs. Among species, Indian major carps (IMC) would play a dominating role in meeting the fish demand. Results have shown that the estimated price and income elasticities of demand vary across species and income classes. Fish species have not been found as homogenous commodities for consumers. All the eight fish types included in the study have been found to have positive income elasticity greater than one for all the income levels. Hence, with higher income, fish demand has been projected to increase substantially with change in the species mix. The own-price elasticities by species have been found negative and near to unitary.
The Luminous Erupting Dwarf Nova CV1 in the Dense Globular Cluster M15
Creators: name: Shara, Michael M.
name: Hinkley, Sasha
name: Zurek, David R.
name: Knigge, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite decades-old predictions of the expected presence of dozens of cataclysmic variables in the cores of globular clusters, the number of irrefutable, out-bursting candidates is still barely a handful. Using multi-wavelength, multi-epoch HST images we have produced outburst and quiescence light curves for the recently discovered large amplitude variable CV1 in the core of the post core-collapse globular cluster M15. The light curves and blue colors show that the object is a bona fide dwarf nova, with absolute magnitude at maximum light rivaling that of the most luminous known dwarf novae.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to AJ
Supplementary material from The impact of global selection on local adaptation and reproductive isolation
Creators: name: Bisschop, Gertjan
name: Setter, Derek
name: Rafajlović, Marina
name: Baird, Stuart J. E.
name: Lohse, Konrad
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Despite the homogenizing effect of strong gene flow between two populations, adaptation under symmetric divergent selection pressures results in partial reproductive isolation: adaptive substitutions act as local barriers to gene flow, and if divergent selection continues unimpeded, this will result in complete reproductive isolation of the two populations, i.e. speciation. However, a key issue in framing the process of speciation as a tension between local adaptation and the homogenizing force of gene flow is that the mutation process is blind to changes in the environment and therefore tends to limit adaptation. Here we investigate how globally beneficial mutations (GBMs) affect divergent local adaptation and reproductive isolation. When phenotypic divergence is finite, we show that the presence of GBMs limits local adaptation, generating a persistent genetic load at the loci which contribute to the trait under divergent selection and reducing genome-wide divergence. Furthermore, we show that while GBMs cannot prohibit the process of continuous differentiation, they induce a substantial delay in the genome-wide shutdown of gene flow.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers’.
Diversification of Fish Culture and Exports among Major Shrimp-producing Countries of Asia: A Spatial and Temporal Analysis
Creators: name: Ravisankar, T.
name: Sarada, C.
name: Krishnan, M.
name: Ravisankar, T.
name: Sarada, C.
name: Krishnan, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Asian countries contribute nearly 90 per cent to global production of culture fisheries. Diversification of species is not happening in fish culture because of the high value shrimp commands in the export market. Shrimp farming is on the increase in all the major shrimp-producing Asian countries. Higher the growth in shrimp production, higher is the instability in production due to production risks associated with ecosystem complexities and disease incidences. Most of the shrimp-producing countries have been moving towards specialization of shrimp production for export because of the high price that the shrimp asserts in the international market. A comparison between the Asian countries for the period 1976-2002 has revealed that Malaysia has maintained low growth and low instability and higher diversification, and Bangladesh and Vietnam have diversified in fish exports. In a country-level comparison, India, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines have shown moderate growth in production and export of shrimp. The instability associated with their shrimp production has also been moderate. Diversification in fish production as well as exports has been suggested for assured income to farmers and the country. It has been pointed that replacing, supplementing or rotating the shrimp farming with culture of other high-value fish species like Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer), grouper (Epinephelus spp), mullets (Mugil spp) and milk fish (Chanos spp) culture may ease the risks in mono-cropping of shrimp.
Measurement of the Lifetime Difference Between B_s Mass Eigenstates
Creators: name: Acosta, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the lifetimes and polarization amplitudes for B_s --> J/psi phi and B_d --> J/psi K*0 decays. Lifetimes of the heavy (H) and light (L) mass eigenstates in the B_s system are separately measured for the first time by determining the relative contributions of amplitudes with definite CP as a function of the decay time. Using 203 +/- 15 B_s decays, we obtain tau_L = (1.05 +{0.16}/-{0.13} +/- 0.02) ps and tau_H = (2.07 +{0.58}/-{0.46} +/- 0.03) ps. Expressed in terms of the difference DeltaGamma_s and average Gamma_s, of the decay rates of the two eigenstates, the results are DeltaGamma_s/Gamma_s = (65 +{25}/-{33} +/- 1)%, and DeltaGamma_s = (0.47 +{0.19}/-{0.24} +/- 0.01) inverse ps.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; as published in Physical Review Letters on 16 March 2005; revisions are for length and typesetting only, no changes in results or conclusions
Efficiency of Male Goat Markets in the Central Alluvial Plains of West Bengal
Creators: name: Pandit, Arun
name: Dhaka, J.P.
name: Pandit, Arun
name: Dhaka, J.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The marketing of goats has been studied in the four animal markets of Nadia and Hooghly districts of Central Alluvial Plains of West Bengal. Data have been collected from 30 sellers and 30 buyers, selected randomly from each market during 2001-02. In all, 228 Black Bengal and 76 Jamunapari goats have been found transacted among the selected sellers and buyers during the period. Five marketing channels have been found in male goat marketing in the study area. The major marketing cost components have been found as assembling -maintenance, animal preparation, labour and transportation for sellers and market fee, labour and levy for buyers. No broker is involved in goat marketing in the study area. The gross market margin has been found lowest in the Farmer – Farmer channel. Therefore, this channel has turned out to be most efficient. It has also been found that as the number of intermediaries between producer and ultimate buyer increases, the producer’s share goes on decreasing. The study has suggested streamlining of the margins of traders and market fee, price fixation based on well-defined parameters and conservation of the Black Bengal goat germplasm in the state.
Resonance instability of primordial gravitational waves during inflation in Chern-Simons gravity
Creators: name: Fu, Chengjie
name: Liu, Jing
name: Zhu, Tao
name: Yu, Hongwei
name: Wu, Puxun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate axion inflation where the gravitational Chern-Simons term is coupled to a periodic function of the inflaton. We find that tensor perturbations with different polarizations are amplified in different ways by the Chern-Simons coupling. Depending on the model parameters, the resonance amplification results in a parity-violating peak or a board plateau in the energy spectrum of gravitational waves, and the sharp cutoff in the infrared region constitutes a characteristic distinguishable from stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds produced by matter fields in Einstein gravity.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
The GALEX-VVDS Measurement of the Evolution of the 1500A Luminosity Function
Creators: name: Arnouts, S.
name: Schiminovich, D.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Tresse, L.
name: Milliard, B.
name: Treyer, M.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Budavari, T.
name: Wyder, T. K.
name: Zucca, E.
name: collaboration, GALEX-VVDS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first measurement of the galaxy luminosity function at 1500A between 0.2
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. This paper will be published as part of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Astrophysical Journal Letters Special Issue.Links to the full set of papers will be available at : http://www.galex.caltech.edu/PUBLICATIONS/ after November 22, 2004
PolicyKit: Building Governance in Online Communities
Creators: name: Zhang, Amy X.
name: Hugh, Grant
name: Bernstein, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.3

description: The software behind online community platforms encodes a governance model that represents a strikingly narrow set of governance possibilities focused on moderators and administrators. When online communities desire other forms of government, such as ones that take many members' opinions into account or that distribute power in non-trivial ways, communities must resort to laborious manual effort. In this paper, we present PolicyKit, a software infrastructure that empowers online community members to concisely author a wide range of governance procedures and automatically carry out those procedures on their home platforms. We draw on political science theory to encode community governance into policies, or short imperative functions that specify a procedure for determining whether a user-initiated action can execute. Actions that can be governed by policies encompass everyday activities such as posting or moderating a message, but actions can also encompass changes to the policies themselves, enabling the evolution of governance over time. We demonstrate the expressivity of PolicyKit through implementations of governance models such as a random jury deliberation, a multi-stage caucus, a reputation system, and a promotion procedure inspired by Wikipedia's Request for Adminship (RfA) process.
description: to be published in ACM UIST 2020
Supplementary material from The role of copy-number variation in the reinforcement of sexual isolation between the two European subspecies of the house mouse
Creators: name: North, Henry L.
name: Caminade, Pierre
name: Severac, Dany
name: Belkhir, Khalid
name: Smadja, Carole M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: this file includes supplementary text (Methods) as well as supplementary figures (S1 to S7) and their legends.
Dynamical real-space renormalization group calculations with a new clustering scheme on random networks
Creators: name: Balcan, Duygu
name: Erzan, Ayse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have defined a new type of clustering scheme preserving the connectivity of the nodes in network ignored by the conventional Migdal-Kadanoff bond moving process. Our new clustering scheme performs much better for correlation length and dynamical critical exponents in high dimensions, where the conventional Migdal-Kadanoff bond moving scheme breaks down. In two and three dimensions we find the dynamical critical exponents for the kinetic Ising Model to be z=2.13 and z=2.09, respectively at pure Ising fixed point. These values are in very good agreement with recent Monte Carlo results. We investigate the phase diagram and the critical behaviour for randomly bond diluted lattices in d=2 and 3, in the light of this new transformation. We also provide exact correlation exponent and dynamical critical exponent values on hierarchical lattices with power-law degree distributions, both in the pure and random cases.
description: 8 figures
About humanity, not ethnicity? : transculturalism, materiality, and the politics of performing aboriginality on the Northwest Coast
Creators: name: Campbell, Alice Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this multi-sited thesis based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted from 2002-2004, I examine how the transcultural production of Northwest Coast material culture subverts the hegemonic, discursive, and traditionalist constructions of 'Aboriginality' that have isolated Northwest Coast artists from the contemporary art world (Duffek 2004). This inquiry thus partakes in a very long dialogue in anthropology about how words and things differently convey cultural knowledge (see Cruikshank 1992). The thesis will consider contemporary material culture scholars' inquiries into how objects intermediate between people and culture (see Munn 1986), particularly in post-colonial situations (Thomas 1991; 1999). It will show, through two case studies on the Northwest Coast - Rebecca Belmore's solo 2002 exhibition at the Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery at the University of British Columbia and Northwest Coast-style artists who practice in Seattle and Sequim WA - how objects can make people conscious of social and political affinities and make difference palpable in ways that exceed the limits of discursive representation. Drawing on my conversations with the artists, I extend Küchler's argument that the materiality of objects can act as a cognitive agent (Küchler 2001) to suggest that materiality might also be usefully re-conceptualized as a tool for social critique and political action.
Pesticide Use in Vegetable Crops: Frequency, Intensity and Determinant Factors
Creators: name: Jeyanthi, H.
name: Kombairaju, S.
name: Jeyanthi, H.
name: Kombairaju, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper has examined pest management practices in four important vegetable crops, viz. chillies, cauliflower, brinjal and bhendi using farm level cross-sectional data. Average pesticide usage has been estimated at 5.13, 2.77, 4.64 and 3.71 kg active ingredient per hectare on chillies, cauliflower, brinjal and bhendi crops, respectively. On an average, cauliflower and brinjal are each given 15 applications, chillies is given 13 and bhendi is given 12 applications. The study has suggested that for reducing pesticide-use, farmers need to be educated about different nonchemical control methods and should be encouraged to adopt integrated pest management (IPM) practices.
Galaxy properties as revealed by MaNGA. III. Kinematic profiles and stellar population gradients in S0s
Creators: name: Sánchez, H. Domínguez
name: Bernardi, M.
name: Nikakhtar, F.
name: Margalef-Bentabol, B.
name: Sheth, R. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the third paper of a series where we study the stellar population gradients (SP; ages, metallicities, $α$-element abundance ratios and stellar initial mass functions) of early type galaxies (ETGs) at $z\le 0.08$ from the MaNGA-DR15 survey. In this work we focus on the S0 population and quantify how the SP varies across the population as well as with galactocentric distance. We do this by measuring Lick indices and comparing them to stellar population synthesis models. This requires spectra with high signal-to-noise which we achieve by stacking in bins of luminosity (L$_r$) and central velocity dispersion ($σ_0$). We find that: 1) There is a bimodality in the S0 population: S0s more massive than $3\times 10^{10}M_\odot$ show stronger velocity dispersion and age gradients (age and $σ_r$ decrease outwards) but little or no metallicity gradient, while the less massive ones present relatively flat age and velocity dispersion profiles, but a significant metallicity gradient (i.e. [M/H] decreases outwards). Above $2\times10^{11}M_\odot$ the number of S0s drops sharply. These two mass scales are also where global scaling relations of ETGs change slope. 2) S0s have steeper velocity dispersion profiles than fast rotating elliptical galaxies (E-FRs) of the same luminosity and velocity dispersion. The kinematic profiles and stellar population gradients of E-FRs are both more similar to those of slow rotating ellipticals (E-SRs) than to S0s, suggesting that E-FRs are not simply S0s viewed face-on. 3) At fixed $σ_0$, more luminous S0s and E-FRs are younger, more metal rich and less $α$-enhanced. Evidently for these galaxies, the usual statement that 'massive galaxies are older' is not true if $σ_0$ is held fixed.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 15 pages, 20 figures
Spectra of Sol-manifolds: arithmetic and quantum monodromy
Creators: name: Bolsinov, A. V.
name: Dullin, H. R.
name: Veselov, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J50; 35P20

description: The spectral problem of three-dimensional manifolds M_A admitting Sol-geometry in Thurston's sense is investigated. Topologically M_A are torus bundles over a circle with a unimodular hyperbolic gluing map A. The eigenfunctions of the corresponding Laplace-Beltrami operators are described in terms of the modified Mathieu functions. It is shown that the multiplicities of the eigenvalues are the same for generic values of the parameters in the metric and are directly related to the number of representations of an integer by a given indefinite binary quadratic form. As a result the spectral statistics is shown to disagree with the Berry-Tabor conjecture. The topological nature of the monodromy for both classical and quantum systems on Sol-manifolds is demonstrated.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures
Type I and Type II Errors in the Unit Root Determination of a Fractional Brownian Motion
Creators: name: Wongsasutthikul, Paitoon
name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Power, Gabriel J.
name: Wongsasutthikul, Paitoon
name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Power, Gabriel J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Unit root
subject: Hurst exponent
subject: Fractional Brownian Motion

description: Economists who deal with time-series data usually take the unit root test as the ‘prerequisite’ test for a Brownian motion. It is typical for any researchers to apply a battery of well-known unit root tests to their models to confirm stationarity in the model specification. Nonetheless, often times, we see a conclusion that fail to reject the null in favor of the existence of unit root even though the model specification is such that the lag coefficients of an AR(q) process do not sum up to unity. In this study, we show that having the sum of the lag coefficients equals to unity is indeed a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a unit root. Hence, the aforementioned incident will lead to a type II error in the unit root determination. On the other hands, type I error results when we reject the null that there exists a unit root when in fact the null is true. The fractional Brownian motion (fBm) process which has stationary but not necessarily independent increments is used to convey the findings of this study. We use Hurst exponent as a gauge for persistency in the data and show that a fBm process is a legitimate stochastic process with unit root even though it exhibits a degree of persistency in time.
Modeling random and non-random decision uncertainty in ratings data: A fuzzy beta model
Creators: name: Calcagnì, Antonio
name: Lombardi, Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62-07, 62J12, 62P25

description: Modeling human ratings data subject to raters' decision uncertainty is an attractive problem in applied statistics. In view of the complex interplay between emotion and decision making in rating processes, final raters' choices seldom reflect the true underlying raters' responses. Rather, they are imprecisely observed in the sense that they are subject to a non-random component of uncertainty, namely the decision uncertainty. The purpose of this article is to illustrate a statistical approach to analyse ratings data which integrates both random and non-random components of the rating process. In particular, beta fuzzy numbers are used to model raters' non-random decision uncertainty and a variable dispersion beta linear model is instead adopted to model the random counterpart of rating responses. The main idea is to quantify characteristics of latent and non-fuzzy rating responses by means of random observations subject to fuzziness. To do so, a fuzzy version of the Expectation-Maximization algorithm is adopted to both estimate model's parameters and compute their standard errors. Finally, the characteristics of the proposed fuzzy beta model are investigated by means of a simulation study as well as two case studies from behavioral and social contexts.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures, 7 tables
Enhancement of spin Hall conductivity in W-Ta alloy
Creators: name: Kim, Jun-young
name: Han, Dong-Soo
name: Vafaee, Mehran
name: Jaiswal, Samridh
name: Lee, Kyujoon
name: Jakob, Gerhard
name: Kläui, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generating pure spin currents via the spin Hall effect in heavy metals has been an active topic of research in the last decade. In order to reduce the energy required to efficiently switch neighbouring ferromagnetic layers for applications, one should not only increase the charge- to-spin conversion efficiency but also decrease the longitudinal resistivity of the heavy metal. In this work, we investigate the spin Hall conductivity in W_{1-x}Ta_{x} / CoFeB / MgO (x = 0 - 0.2) using spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements. Alloying W with Ta leads to a factor of two change in both the damping-like effective spin Hall angle (from - 0.15 to - 0.3) and longitudinal resistivity (60 - 120 μW cm). At 11% Ta concentration, a remarkably high spin Hall angle value of - 0.3 is achieved with a low longitudinal resistivity 100 μW cm, which could lead to a very low power consumption for this W-based alloy. This work demonstrates sputter-deposited W-Ta alloys could be a promising material for power-efficient spin current generation.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Benford's law for the $3x+1$ function
Creators: name: Lagarias, Jeffrey C.
name: Soundararajan, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that for most choices of an initial seed $x_0$, the sequence of the first $N$ iterates of $x_0$ under the $3x+1$ map approximately satisfies Benford's law.
description: 16 pages; revised proof of Prop. 3.3
Induced-Innovation and Invasive Species Management
Creators: name: Kim, C.S.
name: Schaible, Glenn D.
name: Lewandrowski, Jan
name: Kim, C.S.
name: Schaible, Glenn D.
name: Lewandrowski, Jan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Invasive species
subject: preventive measures
subject: control measures
subject: induced technology
subject: hazard function
subject: optimal control
subject: comparative dynamic analysis

description: Public policy for managing invasive species has largely focused on preventive measures prior to detection (stage 1) and on the use of chemical/mechanical or biological control measures after the establishment and dispersion of the invasive species (stage 2). Optimal management policy depends both on the initial stock of the invasive species and on the costs associated with conventional control measures. However, little attention has focused on how an induced technology such as Bt corn and Bt cotton is developed and adopted by farmers (stage 3), or how it affects the manageability of economic and ecological damages from an invasive species. This analysis evaluates the optimal allocation of management resources between preventive and control measures for invasive species by incorporating induced technology under uncertainty into a conventional dynamic model of invasive species management.