cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Higher-order QED corrections to the hyperfine splitting in $^3$He
Creators: name: Patkóš, Vojtěch
name: Yerokhin, Vladimir A.
name: Pachucki, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the hyperfine splitting of the $2^3S$ state in the $^3$He atom with inclusion of all QED effects up to $α^3E_F$, where $E_F$ is the Fermi splitting. Using the experimental value of the $1S$ hyperfine splitting in $^3$He$^+$, we obtain the theoretical prediction for $^3$He of $ν_\mathrm{hfs}= -6\,739\,701\,181(41)$ Hz, which is in perfect agreement with the experimental value $-6\,739\,701\,177(16)$ Hz [S. D. Rosner and F. M. Pipkin, Phys. Rev. A ${\bf 1}$, 571 (1970)]. This result constitutes a 40-fold improvement in precision as compared to the previous value and is the most accurate theoretical prediction ever obtained for a non-hydrogenic system.
Radio observations of massive stars
Creators: name: Blomme, Ronny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detectable radio emission occurs during almost all phases of massive star evolution. I will concentrate on the thermal and non-thermal continuum emission from early-type stars. The thermal radio emission is due to free-free interactions in the ionized stellar wind material. Early ideas that this would lead to an easy and straightforward way of measuring the mass-loss rates were thwarted by the presence of clumping in the stellar wind. Multi-wavelength observations provide important constraints on this clumping, but do not allow its full determination. Non-thermal radio emission is associated with binarity. This conclusion was already known for some time for Wolf-Rayet stars and in recent years it has become clear that it is also true for O-type stars. In a massive-star binary, the two stellar winds collide and around the shocks a fraction of the electrons are accelerated to relativistic speeds. Spiralling in the magnetic field these electrons emit synchrotron radiation, which we detect as non-thermal radio emission. The many parameters that influence the resulting non-thermal radio fluxes make the modelling of these systems particularly challenging, but their study will provide interesting new insight into massive stars.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, invited review
Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Mader, Heike Sabine
name: Li, Xiaohua
name: Saleh, Sayed
name: Link, Martin
name: Kele, Péter
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: fluorescence; silica nanoparticles; click reaction; click chemistry
subject: 540 Chemie

description: We report on the preparation of fluorescent silica nanoparticles (NPs). They have been prepared by (a) modification of the NPs by amino groups and subsequent introduction of amino-reactive fluorophores of various color and (b) by modification of the NPs by either azido groups or alkyne groups and subsequent conjugation to fluorophores by so-called click chemistry, which is a novel approach toward modifying silica NPs. The new NPs were characterized in terms of size and spectral properties.
Monitoring cell cultivation in microfluidic segments by optical pH sensing with a micro flow-through fluorometer using dye-doped polymer particles
Creators: name: Funfak, Anette
name: Cao, Jialan
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
name: Martin, Karin
name: Köhler, J. Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Microfluidic segments - Droplet-based flow - Sensor particles - Flow-through measurement - Microfluorometry
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Polymer microparticles containing an immobilized pH-sensitive dye are used for determination of pH inside microfluidic segments. The particles possess a hydrophilic surface in order to get a homogenous distribution inside the aqueous phase of microfluidic segments. The dye is coupled to the polymer matrix by a covalent bond. The pH can be determined by the read-out of fluorescence intensity. In contrast to dissolved indicator dyes, the chemical interference of the sensor particles with the surrounding solution is negligible. So, the particle-based sensing can easily be applied to the determination of pH changes during the cultivation of cells inside the microfluidic segments. The typical change of pH during cell cultivation can be used for monitoring the kinetic of cell cultivation inside single volumes in the nanoliter range, so that information about the metabolic activity of the organism can be obtained. An LED-based miniaturized flow-through fluorometer was developed to determine the fluorescence directly inside microtubes of an inner diameter of 0.5 mm. It allows measurement frequencies up to 60 Hz and is suited for characterization of fast moving large sequences of microfluidic segments.
SEpM 19: Innanaka-Nintinuga (3.3.10)
Creators: name: Attinger, Pascal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: sumerian
Translation
Traduction

description: Traduction The Sumerian Epistolary Miscellany 19: Innanaka-Nintinuga (3.3.10) Pascal Attinger, 2013, actualisé en 2019
Analysing of 228Th, 232Th, 228Ra in human bone tissues for the purpose of determining the post mortal interval
Creators: name: Kandlbinder, Robert
name: Geißler, V.
name: Schupfner, Robert
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
name: Zinka, B.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Bone tissues of thirteen deceased persons were analyzed to determine the activity concentration of the radionuclides 228Ra, 228Th, 232Th and 230Th. The activity ratios enable to assess the post-mortem-interval (PMI). The samples were prepared for analysis by incinerating and pulverizing. 228Ra was directly detected by γ-spectrometry. 228Th, 230Th, 232Th were detected by α-spectrometry after radiochemical purification and electro-deposition. It is shown that the method is principally suited to determine the PMI. A minimum of 300 g (wet weight) of human bone tissue is required for the analysis. Counting times are in the range of one to two weeks.
Frozen shuffle update for an asymmetric exclusion process on a ring
Creators: name: Appert-Rolland, C.
name: Cividini, J.
name: Hilhorst, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new rule of motion for a totally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP) representing pedestrian traffic on a lattice. Its characteristic feature is that the positions of the pedestrians, modeled as hard-core particles, are updated in a fixed predefined order, determined by a phase attached to each of them. We investigate this model analytically and by Monte Carlo simulation on a one-dimensional lattice with periodic boundary conditions. At a critical value of the particle density a transition occurs from a phase with `free flow' to one with `jammed flow'. We are able to analytically predict the current-density diagram for the infinite system and to find the scaling function that describes the finite size rounding at the transition point.
description: 16 pages
Towards autonomous system: flexible modular production system enhanced with large language model agents
Creators: name: Xia, Yuchen
name: Shenoy, Manthan
name: Jazdi, Nasser
name: Weyrich, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we present a novel framework that combines large language models (LLMs), digital twins and industrial automation system to enable intelligent planning and control of production processes. We retrofit the automation system for a modular production facility and create executable control interfaces of fine-granular functionalities and coarse-granular skills. Low-level functionalities are executed by automation components, and high-level skills are performed by automation modules. Subsequently, a digital twin system is developed, registering these interfaces and containing additional descriptive information about the production system. Based on the retrofitted automation system and the created digital twins, LLM-agents are designed to interpret descriptive information in the digital twins and control the physical system through service interfaces. These LLM-agents serve as intelligent agents on different levels within an automation system, enabling autonomous planning and control of flexible production. Given a task instruction as input, the LLM-agents orchestrate a sequence of atomic functionalities and skills to accomplish the task. We demonstrate how our implemented prototype can handle un-predefined tasks, plan a production process, and execute the operations. This research highlights the potential of integrating LLMs into industrial automation systems in the context of smart factory for more agile, flexible, and adaptive production processes, while it also underscores the critical insights and limitations for future work. Demos at: https://github.com/YuchenXia/GPT4IndustrialAutomation
description: This is the pre-print draft manuscript. The peer-reviewed version will be published exclusively by IEEE after the conference, which is set to take place from September 12th to 15th, 2023. We've made several improvements to the final version of the paper based on valuable feedback and suggestions from other researchers
On the convergence of second order spectra and multiplicity
Creators: name: Boulton, Lyonell
name: Strauss, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N12, 37L65

description: Let A be a self-adjoint operator acting on a Hilbert space. The notion of second order spectrum of A relative to a given finite-dimensional subspace L has been studied recently in connection with the phenomenon of spectral pollution in the Galerkin method. We establish in this paper a general framework allowing us to determine how the second order spectrum encodes precise information about the multiplicity of the isolated eigenvalues of A. Our theoretical findings are supported by various numerical experiments on the computation of inclusions for eigenvalues of benchmark differential operators via finite element bases.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables, research paper.
An IoT Blockchain Architecture Using Oracles and Smart Contracts: the Use-Case of a Food Supply Chain
Creators: name: Moudoud, Hajar
name: Cherkaoui, Soumaya
name: Khoukhi, Lyes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The blockchain is a distributed technology which allows establishing trust among unreliable users who interact and perform transactions with each other. While blockchain technology has been mainly used for crypto-currency, it has emerged as an enabling technology for establishing trust in the realm of the Internet of Things (IoT). Nevertheless, a naive usage of the blockchain for IoT leads to high delays and extensive computational power. In this paper, we propose a blockchain architecture dedicated to being used in a supply chain which comprises different distributed IoT entities. We propose a lightweight consensus for this architecture, called LC4IoT. The consensus is evaluated through extensive simulations. The results show that the proposed consensus uses low computational power, storage capability and latency.
description: This paper has been accepted for publication by IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). The final version will be published by the IEEE
The miniJPAS & J-NEP surveys: Identification and characterization of the Ly$α$ Emitter population and the Ly$α$ Luminosity Function
Creators: name: Torralba-Torregrosa, Alberto
name: Gurung-López, Siddhartha
name: Arnalte-Mur, Pablo
name: Spinoso, Daniele
name: Izquierdo-Villalba, David
name: Fernández-Soto, Alberto
name: Angulo, Raúl
name: Bonoli, Silvia
name: Delgado, Rosa M. González
name: Márquez, Isabel
name: Martínez, Vicent J.
name: Rahna, P. T.
name: Vílchez, José M.
name: Abramo, Raul
name: Alcaniz, Jailson
name: Benitez, Narciso
name: Carneiro, Saulo
name: Cenarro, Javier
name: Cristóbal-Hornillos, David
name: Dupke, Renato
name: Ederoclite, Alessandro
name: Hernán-Caballero, Antonio
name: López-Sanjuan, Carlos
name: Marín-Franch, Antonio
name: de Oliveira, Claudia Mendes
name: Moles, Mariano
name: Sodré, Laerte
name: Taylor, Keith
name: Varela, Jesús
name: Ramió, Héctor Vázquez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Lyman-$a$ (Lya) Luminosity Function (LF) at $2.0543.5. This work serves as a proof-of-concept for the results that can be obtained with the upcoming data releases of the J-PAS survey.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
Field-induced barrier transparency of Bloch waves in tight-binding lattices
Creators: name: Longhi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A rectangular potential barrier for a Bloch particle in a tight-binding lattice is shown to become fully transparent by the application of a strong ac field with appropriate amplitude and frequency. Such a curious phenomenon bears some connection with the field-induced barrier transparency effect known for freely-moving particles scattered by an ac-driven rectangular barrier; however, for a Bloch particle transparency is not related to a resonant tunnneling process across the cycle-averaged oscillating potential barrier, as for the freely-moving quantum particle. The phenomenon of field-induced transparency is specifically discussed here for photonic transport in waveguide arrays and demonstrated by full numerical simulations of the paraxial (Schrödinger) wave equation beyond the tight-binding approximation.
The End of Euler Proof of Cubic Fermat Last Theorem
Creators: name: Dongfang, X. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Euler's infinite descent proof of the conjecture that the cubic Fermat equation has no integer solutions has dominated the field for nearly three hundred years. However, the introduction of the principle of logical entropy reveals the deep logical flaws hidden in Euler's theory. Further research shows that Euler's proof only considers one special case among many possible scenarios. In fact, there are enough counterexamples that were obscured by Euler's clever statement. This marks the end of Euler's infinite descent proof of the cubic Fermat's Last Theorem.
Exceptional Oxygen Sensing Capabilities and Triplet State Properties of Ir(ppy-NPh2)3
Creators: name: Mak, Chris S. K.
name: Pentlehner, Dominik
name: Stich, Matthias I. J.
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
name: Chan, Wai Kin
name: Yersin, Hartmut
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: A new dual luminescent sensitive paint for barometric pressure and temperature (T) is presented. The green-emitting iridium(III) complex [Ir(ppy)2(carbac)] (ppy=2-phenylpyridine; carbac=1-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5,5-dimethylhexane-2,4-dione) was applied as a novel probe for T along with the red-emitting complex [Ir(btpy)3], (btpy=2-(benzo[b]thiophene-2-yl)pyridine) which functions as a barometric (in fact oxygen-sensitive) probe. Both iridium complexes were dissolved in different polymer materials to achieve optimal responses. The probe [Ir(ppy)2(carbac)] was dispersed in gas-blocking poly(acrylonitrile) microparticles in order to suppress any quenching of its luminescence by oxygen. The barometric probe [Ir(btpy)3], in turn, was incorporated in a cellulose acetate butyrate film which exhibits good permeability for oxygen. The effects of temperature on the response of the oxygen probe can be corrected by simultaneous optical determination of T, as the poly(acrylonitrile) microparticles containing the temperature indicator are incorporated into the film. The phosphorescent signals of the probes for T and barometric pressure, respectively, can be separated by optical filters due to the ≈75 nm difference in their emission maxima. The dual sensor is applicable to luminescence lifetime imaging of T and barometric pressure. It is the first luminescent dual sensor material for barometric pressure/T based exclusively on the use of IrIII complexes in combination with luminescence lifetime imaging.
pH sensor based on upconverting luminescent lanthanide nanorods
Creators: name: Sun, Li-Ning
name: Peng, Hongshang
name: Stich, Matthias I. J.
name: Achatz, Daniela E.
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: The pH sensor exploits the phenomenon of upconversion luminescence and is based on a hydrogel matrix containing (a) nanorods of the NaYF4:Er,Yb type that can be excited with 980-nm laser light to give a green and red (dual) emission, and (b) a longwave absorbing pH probe that causes a pH-dependent inner filter effect.
The End of Euler Proof of Cubic Fermat Last Theorem
Creators: name: Dongfang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Euler's infinite descent proof of the cubic Fermat's Last Theorem is extremely extreme and special. However, this proof has been absolutely dominant in mathematics for nearly 300 years. After using the recently introduced principle of logical entropy to locate the logical loopholes in Euler's theory, further research has found enough counterexamples that were hidden by Euler's clever but untrue statement, which means the end of Euler's infinite descent proof of the cubic Fermat's law. Unfortunately, just as a large number of major breakthrough discoveries have been stifled or even slandered in the past, influential journals such as Science and Annals of Mathematics have consistently refused to report such major basic scientific issues to the world. The ignorant and unethical editors of Nature, who have been attempting to plagiarize groundbreaking discoveries through manuscripts, and the ignorant and unethical editors who have always relied on signing others' research results to seize academic status and successfully control journals such as Science China and Acta Mathematica Sinica, will inevitably not be able to mend their ways in a very short period of time. Facts have once again proved that the world's famous scientific journals have been completely controlled by ignorant and unethical academic rogues, and the normal development of basic scientific theories has been seriously hindered and destroyed.
EPRL/FK Group Field Theory
Creators: name: Geloun, Joseph Ben
name: Gurau, Razvan
name: Rivasseau, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this short note is to clarify the Group Field Theory vertex and propagators corresponding to the EPRL/FK spin foam models and to detail the subtraction of leading divergences of the model.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
The End of Euler Proof of Cubic Fermat Last Theorem
Creators: name: Dongfang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Euler's infinite descent proof of the conjecture that the cubic Fermat equation has no integer solutions has dominated the field for nearly three hundred years. However, the introduction of the principle of logical entropy reveals the deep logical flaws hidden in Euler's theory. Further research shows that Euler's proof only considers one special case among many possible scenarios. In fact, there are enough counterexamples that were obscured by Euler's clever statement. This marks the end of Euler's infinite descent proof of the cubic Fermat's Last Theorem. Unfortunately, similar to the fate of many major breakthrough discoveries that have been stifled and slandered over the past 40 years, influential journals such as Science and Annals of Mathematics have refused to report this significant progress in basic science to the world. At the same time, the controllers of the Nature series journals, accused of attempting to plagiarize groundbreaking discoveries through soliciting articles,  as well as the ignorant and immoral individuals who are accustomed to plundering others' labor in the name of cooperation and successfully controlling journals such as Science China, Chinese Science Bulletin, Acta Mathematica Sinica, Acta Physica Sinica, and Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, are unlikely to change their ways in the very near future. The fact that famous scientific journals are controlled by ignorant and unethical scholars has severely hindered the normal development of fundamental scientific theories, and this situation cannot be changed. Typically, only a handful of researchers who genuinely love science, pursue truth, and are capable of making pivotal groundbreaking discoveries emerge every century. They must be mentally prepared to endure lifelong oppression, exploitation, and even complete destruction by the unethical forces within the scientific community.
Averaged Nyström interpolants for the solution of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind
Creators: name: Fermo, Luisa
name: Reichel, Lothar
name: Rodriguez, Giuseppe
name: Spalević, Miodrag M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65R20, 65D32

description: Fredholm integral equations of the second kind that are defined on a finite or infinite interval arise in many applications. This paper discusses Nyström methods based on Gauss quadrature rules for the solution of such integral equations. It is important to be able to estimate the error in the computed solution, because this allows the choice of an appropriate number of nodes in the Gauss quadrature rule used. This paper explores the application of averaged and weighted averaged Gauss quadrature rules for this purpose, and introduces new stability properties for them.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures
Dipolar Drag in Bilayer Harmonically Trapped Gases
Creators: name: Matveeva, N.
name: Recati, A.
name: Stringari, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two separated pancake-shaped trapped gases interacting with a dipolar (either magnetic or electric) force. We study how the center of mass motion propagates from one cloud to the other as a consequence of the long-range nature of the interaction. The corresponding dynamics is fixed by the frequency difference between the in-phase and the out-of-phase center of mass modes of the two clouds, whose dependence on the dipolar interaction strength and the cloud separation is explicitly investigated. We discuss Fermi gases in the degenerate as well as in the classical limit and comment on the case of Bose-Einsten condensed gases.
description: Submitted to EPJD, EuroQUAM special issue "Cold Quantum Matter - Achievements and Prospects"
Investigating people-forest relationships around central Kenya's Nyandarwa forest reserve : understanding their sustainability through indigenous knowledge systems
Creators: name: Borona, Gloria Kendi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: This study explored how people-forest relationships are forged around Kenya’s Nyandarwa Forest Reserve, and how Indigenous Knowledge Systems of Agĩkũyũ people around the Reserve might contribute to healthy, sustainable people-forest relationships in light of the country’s changing social, economic, and political situations. The study sought to examine:1) how the indigenous communities around Nyandarwa Forest Reserve traditionally understood and sustained interdependencies with the forest; 2) how these interdependencies have transformed consistent with Kenya’s post-independence changes in social, economic, and political situations; 3) to what extent local, national, and international efforts to promote healthy sustainable people-forest relationships are incorporating local communities’ Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS); and, 4) how these communities’ IKS might inform the proposition of an environmental conservation framework for sustainable people-forest relationships. The study was guided by post-colonial indigenous research paradigms anchored in decolonizing methodologies. These methodologies were buttressed by indigenous theories that consider communities as spiritual beings with multiple relations. The study was informed by the traditions and cultural heritage of the Agĩkũyũ people, and augmented by Afrocentric philosophies that underlie African ways of knowing and value systems. Data were collected from community groups, elders, the Kenya Forest Service, and archives. The data corpus was analyzed using NVIVO consistent with the study’s theoretical framework and generated themes that address the research questions. In addition, the research participants contributed to the process as this study sought to elevate the community to the role of co-researchers and to create mutually beneficial long-term relationships. Results show that the pre-colonial manifestation of Agĩkũyũ people-forest relationships were understood through land, that land continues to be a central pillar of Agĩkũyũ indigenous environmental thought, and that one of the historical values of the forest is its role in sustaining the struggle for independence. Further, the study reveals that some indigenous practices tied to sacred sites and food sovereignty have endured, different governance regimes have shifted the way people-forest relationships are constructed, and the Agĩkũyũ have been continuously mobilizing to protect their landscape. In the end, this study suggests how IKS can contribute to forging sustainable people-forest relationships, arguably the planet’s most threatened resource.
Gas sensing properties of electrically conductive Cu(I) compounds at elevated temperaturesstar, open
Creators: name: Wolpert, Benjamin
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
name: Mirsky, Vladimir M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Gas sensor; Ammonia sensor; Conductometric sensor; Sensor array; Copper(I); High-temperature sensing
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Changes in the electrical conductance at 240 °C of a number of copper(I) compounds including CuI, CuBr, Cu2Te, Cu12Sb4S13, (CuI)2P14, and of NiO were measured following the exposure to the gases ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and propane. Analytical sensitivity and kinetic parameters were compared quantitatively. The high diversity of sensitivity patterns makes these compounds promising candidates for use in sensor arrays. Principal component analysis of the data obtained with a virtual sensor array enabled highly selective sensing of five of the six analytes studied using only two principle components. Activation energies of the charge transport in the materials were determined.
Exponential quantum speedup in simulating coupled classical oscillators
Creators: name: Babbush, Ryan
name: Berry, Dominic W.
name: Kothari, Robin
name: Somma, Rolando D.
name: Wiebe, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantum algorithm for simulating the classical dynamics of $2^n$ coupled oscillators (e.g., $2^n$ masses coupled by springs). Our approach leverages a mapping between the Schrödinger equation and Newton's equation for harmonic potentials such that the amplitudes of the evolved quantum state encode the momenta and displacements of the classical oscillators. When individual masses and spring constants can be efficiently queried, and when the initial state can be efficiently prepared, the complexity of our quantum algorithm is polynomial in $n$, almost linear in the evolution time, and sublinear in the sparsity. As an example application, we apply our quantum algorithm to efficiently estimate the kinetic energy of an oscillator at any time. We show that any classical algorithm solving this same problem is inefficient and must make $2^{Ω(n)}$ queries to the oracle and, when the oracles are instantiated by efficient quantum circuits, the problem is BQP-complete. Thus, our approach solves a potentially practical application with an exponential speedup over classical computers. Finally, we show that under similar conditions our approach can efficiently simulate more general classical harmonic systems with $2^n$ modes.
description: 43 pages, 4 figures. v3 changes include improved presentation, discussion of applications related to potential energies, and new appendix discussing relation to prior work
SDS-PAGE of Proteins Using a Chameleon-Type of Fluorescent Prestain
Creators: name: Meier, Robert J.
name: Steiner, Mark-Steven
name: Dürkop, Axel
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: A new prestaining method for protein SDS-PAGE was developed using the fluorogenic amino-reactive label Py-1. This resulted in one of the fastest, most sensitive, and environmentally friendly protocols available. It is mainly due to the unique optical properties of Py-1, which is blue and virtually nonfluorescent but turns to red and becomes much more strongly fluorescent once it is conjugated to the amino group of a protein. Staining times of 30 min are adequate to visualize subnanogram quantities of proteins because pre-electrophoretic labeling Py-1 does not require the time-consuming steps of washing or fixation of gels. LODs as low as 16 pg of protein are found which is better than the best (commercial) poststains and comparable to the best (commercial) prestains. In addition, prestaining requires marginal amounts of staining solution. The change in electrophoretic mobility and band broadening is at a low level because Py-1 causes a mass shift of 288 Da per bound molecule only. By virtue of the small mass shift it causes, this stain is compatible with mass spectrometric protein analysis even though it acts as a covalent label.
Dynamical analysis and statefinder of Barrow holographic dark energy
Creators: name: Huang, Qihong
name: Huang, He
name: Xu, Bing
name: Tu, Feiquan
name: Chen, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the holographic principle and the Barrow entropy, Barrow holographic dark energy had been proposed. In order to analyze the stability and the evolution of Barrow holographic dark energy, we, in this paper, apply the dynamical analysis and statefinder methods to Barrow holographic dark energy with different IR cutoff and interacting terms. In the case of using Hubble horizon as IR cutoff with the interacting term $Q=\fracλ{H}ρ_{m}ρ_{D}$, we find this model is stable and can be used to describe the whole evolution of the universe when the energy transfers from the pressureless matter to the Barrow holographic dark energy. When the dynamical analysis method is applied to this stable model, an attractor corresponding to an accelerated expansion epoch exists and this attractor can behave as the cosmological constant. Furthermore, the coincidence problem can be solved in this case. Then, after using the statefinder analysis method to this model, we find this model can be discriminated from the standard $Λ$CDM model. Finally, we have discussed the turning point of Hubble diagram in Barrow holographic dark energy and find the turning point does not exist in this model.
description: Accepted for publication in EPJC
Exotic Electrostatics: Unusual Features of Electrostatic Interactions between Macroions
Creators: name: Naji, Ali
name: Kanduc, Matej
name: Netz, Roland R.
name: Podgornik, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview of our understanding of electrostatic interactions between charged macromolecular surfaces mediated by mobile counter- and coions. The dichotomy between the weak and the strong coupling regimes is described in detail and the way they engender repulsive and attractive interactions between nominally equally charged macroions. We also introduce the concept of dressed counterions in the case of many-component Coulomb fluids that are partially weakly and partially strongly coupled to local electrostatic fields leading to non-monotonic interactions between equally charged macroions. The effect of quenched surface charge disorder on the counterion-mediated electrostatic interactions is analyzed within the same conceptual framework and shown to lead to unexpected and extraordinary electrostatic interactions between randomly charged surfaces with equal mean surface charge densities or even between effectively neutral macroion surfaces. As a result, these recent developments challenge some cherished notions of pop culture.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
An exploration of the dimensions of children’s lived experience of spirituality on “The Walk”
Creators: name: Hobby, Kristen
Publisher: name: Australian Catholic University
Year: 2018

description: Over the past three decades, the term “spirituality” has been included in the Aotearoa New Zealand early childhood curriculum Te Whāriki (Te Whariki, 2017), the Australian Government’s Belonging, Being and Becoming: Early Years Learning Framework (Belonging, Being and Becoming: Early Years Learning Framework, 2009), and the Welsh Foundation Phase Framework (Early Years Team Department for Educations and Skills, 2015). Despite the use of the term in these countries’ early childhood curriculum documents, little to no pedagogical assistance is given to early childhood educators in describing or defining spirituality that recognises children’s lived experience of spirituality, or further nurturing it once it is recognised. Due to this lack of guidance and support, many early childhood educators tend to ignore spirituality and focus on more easily identified and measurable aspects of education such as physical and mental development. In order to address this issue and explore the expressions of spirituality in young children, this research set out to identify and analyse children’s lived experience of spirituality within an early learning setting informed by the philosophical framework of Reggio Emilia and situated in a natural outdoor environment. This qualitative case study drew upon the sociocultural theory of Lev Vygotsky, which posits that meaning arises and is constructed from interactions between individuals. A new framework of spirituality for early childhood education is proposed that draws upon Vygotsky’s (1998) concept of perezhivanie, a process of reflection and awareness following an event that can lead to transformation and growth in the child. Perezhivanie, combined with the practices of Reggio Emilia philosophy and the stimulated-recall process (Thomson, 2008), creates a robust and productive process with which to recognise and nurture the lived experience of young children’s spirituality in early childhood settings in ways that help educators meet curriculum requirements. This thesis argues that spirituality is an important aspect of children’s growth and development and, when nurtured, can assist them in building increased levels of awareness of themselves, others, and the outside environment as well as help them to make meaning of and negotiate their identity.
The anisotropic Cahn--Hilliard equation: regularity theory and strict separation properties
Creators: name: Garcke, Harald
name: Knopf, Patrik
name: Wittmann, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35K55, 35K61, 74E10, 35Q99

description: The Cahn--Hilliard equation with anisotropic energy contributions frequently appears in many physical systems. Systematic analytical results for the case with the relevant logarithmic free energy have been missing so far. We close this gap and show existence, uniqueness, regularity, and separation properties of weak solutions to the anisotropic Cahn--Hilliard equation with logarithmic free energy. Since firstly, the equation becomes highly non-linear, and secondly, the relevant anisotropies are non-smooth, the analysis becomes quite involved. In particular, new regularity results for quasilinear elliptic equations of second order need to be shown.
description: 41 pages
Red- and Green-Emitting Iridium(III) Complexes for a Dual Barometric and Temperature-Sensitive Paint
Creators: name: Fischer, Lorenz H.
name: Stich, Matthias I. J.
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
name: Tian, Nan
name: Holder, Elisabeth
name: Schäferling, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: dyes/pigments; imaging agents; iridium; luminescence; sensors
subject: 540 Chemie

description: A new dual luminescent sensitive paint for barometric pressure and temperature (T) is presented. The green-emitting iridium(III) complex [Ir(ppy)2(carbac)] (ppy=2-phenylpyridine; carbac=1-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-5,5-dimethylhexane-2,4-dione) was applied as a novel probe for T along with the red-emitting complex [Ir(btpy)3], (btpy=2-(benzo[b]thiophene-2-yl)pyridine) which functions as a barometric (in fact oxygen-sensitive) probe. Both iridium complexes were dissolved in different polymer materials to achieve optimal responses. The probe [Ir(ppy)2(carbac)] was dispersed in gas-blocking poly(acrylonitrile) microparticles in order to suppress any quenching of its luminescence by oxygen. The barometric probe [Ir(btpy)3], in turn, was incorporated in a cellulose acetate butyrate film which exhibits good permeability for oxygen. The effects of temperature on the response of the oxygen probe can be corrected by simultaneous optical determination of T, as the poly(acrylonitrile) microparticles containing the temperature indicator are incorporated into the film. The phosphorescent signals of the probes for T and barometric pressure, respectively, can be separated by optical filters due to the ≈75 nm difference in their emission maxima. The dual sensor is applicable to luminescence lifetime imaging of T and barometric pressure. It is the first luminescent dual sensor material for barometric pressure/T based exclusively on the use of IrIII complexes in combination with luminescence lifetime imaging.
Photonic realization of the relativistic Kronig-Penney model and relativistic Tamm surface states
Creators: name: Longhi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic analogues of the relativistic Kronig-Penney model and of relativistic surface Tamm states are proposed for light propagation in fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) with phase defects. A periodic sequence of phase slips in the FBG realizes the relativistic Kronig-Penney model, the band structure of which being mapped into the spectral response of the FBG. For the semi-infinite FBG Tamm surface states can appear and can be visualized as narrow resonance peaks in the transmission spectrum of the grating.
Effect of receptor cooperativity on methylation dynamics in bacterial chemotaxis with weak and strong gradient
Creators: name: Mandal, Shobhan Dev
name: Chatterjee, Sakuntala
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study methylation dynamics of the chemoreceptors as an {\sl E.coli} cell moves around in a spatially varying chemo-attractant environment. We consider attractant concentration with strong and weak spatial gradient. During the uphill and downhill motion of the cell along the gradient, we measure the temporal variation of average methylation level of the receptor clusters. Our numerical simulations show that the methylation dynamics depends sensitively on the size of the receptor clusters and also on the strength of the gradient. At short times after the beginning of a run, the methylation dynamics is mainly controlled by short runs which are generally associated with high receptor activity. This results in demethylation at short times. But for intermediate or large times, long runs play an important role and depending on receptor cooperativity or gradient strength, the qualitative variation of methylation can be completely different in this time regime. For weak gradient, both for uphill and downhill runs, after the initial demethylation, we find methylation level increases steadily with time for all cluster sizes. Similar qualitative behavior is observed for strong gradient during uphill runs as well. However, the methylation dynamics for downhill runs in strong gradient show highly non-trivial dependence on the receptor cluster size. We explain this behavior as a result of interplay between the sensing and adaptation modules of the signaling network.
Quantum compacton vacuum
Creators: name: Zhirov, O. V.
name: Pikovsky, A. S.
name: Shepelyansky, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of classical and quantum compacton chains by means of extensive numerical simulations. Such chains are strongly nonlinear and their classical dynamics remains chaotic at arbitrarily low energies. We show that the collective excitations of classical chains are described by sound waves which decay rate scales algebraically with the wave number with a generic exponent value. The properties of the quantum chains are studied by the quantum Monte Carlo method and it is found that the low energy excitations are well described by effective phonon modes with the sound velocity dependent on an effective Planck constant. Our results show that at low energies the quantum effects lead to a suppression of chaos and drive the system to a quasi-integrable regime of effective phonon modes.
description: RevTex 7 pages, 8 figs, research at http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr/
Probing DNA Hybridization in Homogeneous Solution and at Interfaces via Measurement of the Intrinsic Fluorescence Decay Time of a Single Label
Creators: name: Höfelschweiger, Bianca K.
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: DNA assay - Fluorescence lifetime - Fluorescent label - Molecular beacon - Affinity assay
subject: 540 Chemie

description: The hybridization of DNA oligomers including molecular beacons can be detected by measurement of either the decay time or the intensity of a single fluorescent label attached to the end of the respective oligonucleotide. The method works both in solution and solid phase and can distinguish between fully complementary and mismatch sequences as demonstrated for a 15-mer oligonucleotide and a 25-mer molecular beacon. The fluorescence lifetime method is advantageous in (a) requiring a single label (and therefore a single labeling step) only; and (b), being based on measurement of a self-referenced magnitude that is hardly affected by parameters such as fluctuations in light intensity that make measurement of intensity more prone to interferences.
Leveraging Deep Learning and Digital Twins to Improve Energy Performance of Buildings
Creators: name: Ni, Zhongjun
name: Zhang, Chi
name: Karlsson, Magnus
name: Gong, Shaofang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.5.4
subject: 68T07

description: Digital transformation in buildings accumulates massive operational data, which calls for smart solutions to utilize these data to improve energy performance. This study has proposed a solution, namely Deep Energy Twin, for integrating deep learning and digital twins to better understand building energy use and identify the potential for improving energy efficiency. Ontology was adopted to create parametric digital twins to provide consistency of data format across different systems in a building. Based on created digital twins and collected data, deep learning methods were used for performing data analytics to identify patterns and provide insights for energy optimization. As a demonstration, a case study was conducted in a public historic building in Norrköping, Sweden, to compare the performance of state-of-the-art deep learning architectures in building energy forecasting.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted in the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics for Sustainable Energy Systems
Synthesis of rock-salt MeO-ZnO solid solutions (Me = Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+) at high pressure and high temperature
Creators: name: Baranov, A. N.
name: Sokolov, P. S.
name: Kurakevych, O. O.
name: Tafeenko, V. A.
name: Trots, D.
name: Solozhenko, V. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Series of metastable Me1-xZnxO solid solutions (Me = Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+) with the rocksalt (rs) crystal structure have been synthesized from the binary oxides by quenching from 7.7 GPa and 1450-1650 K. Phase composition of the samples, as well as structural properties and stoichiometry of synthesized solid solutions have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction, both conventional and with synchrotron radiation. The widest (0.3 \leq x \leq 0.8) composition range of the existence of individual rock-salt solid solution has been established for the NiO-ZnO system. The bulk rs-Co1-xZnxO, rs-Fe1-xZnxO and rs-Mn1-xZnxO solid solutions may be quenched down to ambient conditions only with twice lower ZnO content, i.e. x \leq 0.5, 0.5 and 0.4, respectively; while formation of rock-salt solid solutions in the CdO-ZnO system has not been observed in the whole concentration range.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Nanoscale tip positioning with a multi-tip scanning tunneling microscope using topography images
Creators: name: Leis, A.
name: Cherepanov, V.
name: Voigtländer, B.
name: Tautz, F. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-tip scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a powerful method to perform charge transport measurements at the nanoscale. With four STM tips positioned on the surface of a sample, four-point resistance measurements can be performed in dedicated geometric configurations. Here, we present an alternative to the most often used scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging to infer the corresponding tip positions. After initial coarse positioning monitored by an optical microscope, STM scanning itself is used to determine the inter-tip distances. A large STM overview scan serves as a reference map. Recognition of the same topographic features in the reference map and in small scale images with the individual tips allows to identify the tip positions with an accuracy of about 20 nm for a typical tip spacing of ~1 $μ$m. In order to correct for effects like the non-linearity of the deflection, creep and hysteresis of the piezo-electric elements of the STM, a careful calibration has to be performed.