cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bosonic t-J Model in a stacked triangular lattice and its phase diagram
Creators: name: Kataoka, Keisuke
name: Kuno, Yoshihito
name: Ichinose, Ikuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study phase diagram of a system of two-component hard-core bosons with nearest-neighbor (NN) pseudo-spin antiferromagnetic (AF) interactions in a stacked triangular lattice. Hamiltonian of the system contains three parameters one of which is the hopping amplitude $t$ between NN sites, and the other two are the NN pseudo-spin exchange interaction $J$ and the one that measures anisotropy of pseudo-spin interactions. We investigate the system by means of the Monte-Carlo simulations and clarify the low-temperature phase diagram. In particular, we are interested in how the competing orders, i.e., AF order and superfluidity, are realized, and also whether supersolid forms as a result of hole doping into the state of the $\sqrt{3}\times \sqrt{3}$ pseudo-spin pattern with the $120^o$ structure.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures, Version to appear in J.Phys.Soc.Jpn
The Freezing of Commercial Bakery Products: Current Practices, Problems, and Prospects
Creators: name: Rollag, Norman L.
name: Enochian, Robert V.
name: Rollag, Norman L.
name: Enochian, Robert V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpt from the report: The major objective of this study was to ascertain the present and prospective extent of freezing bakery products and to provide information useful to bakers in making decisions regarding the use of freezing in their operations. Specific objectives were to ascertain: (1) The extent of freezing by various types of bakeries and for different types of products. (2) Reasons for freezing or not freezing and the effect of freezing on costs and sales. (3) Bakers’ expectations with respect to the future use of freezing. (4) Bakers' appraisals of trends in the baking industry that may influence their use of freezing, (5) The procedures used by bakers for freezing, storing, and defrosting bakery products, the technical problems encountered, and the way these are being resolved in practice.
Interplay between sublattice and spin symmetry breaking in graphene
Creators: name: Soriano, D.
name: Fernández-Rossier, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of sublattice symmetry breaking on the electronic, magnetic and transport properties of two dimensional graphene as well as zigzag terminated one and zero dimensional graphene nanostructures. The systems are described with the Hubbard model within the collinear mean field approximation. We prove that for the non-interacting bipartite lattice with unequal number of atoms in each sublattice midgap states still exist in the presence of a staggered on-site potential $\pm Δ/2$. We compute the phase diagram of both 2D and 1D graphene with zigzag edges, at half-filling, defined by the normalized interaction strength $U/t$ and $Δ/t$, where $t$ is the first neighbor hopping. In the case of 2D we find that the system is always insulating and, we find the $U_c(Δ)$ curve above which the system goes antiferromagnetic. In 1D we find that the system undergoes a phase transition from non-magnetic insulator for $U
description: 9 pages, 8 figures; Typos corrected and some bibliography items added
title: Heuchera; Heucherella :
title: Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,
Year: 0
Subjects: New Varieties of Plants
Heuchera

description: The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions.
A proposal for federated chatbots for distributed information access (extended version)
Creators: name: Tricas-García, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chatbots can be a good way to interact with IoT devices, and other information systems: they can provide information with a convenient interface for casual or frequent interaction. Sometimes there can be good reasons to have more than one chatbot: maybe we have several computers, or diverse infrastructure, with different access conditions. This work concentrates on this case, when it can be useful to establish a method for them to work in a cooperative way. In principle, coordination is a good property: each one of these chatbots can be devoted to solve different tasks and our users can have different needs when accessing to every capability of each chatbot. In this paper we are proposing an architecture for several chatbots that can interact via a command and control channel, requesting actions for other bots and collecting the replies in order to pass them to the user. The chatbot infrastructure is lightweight, and it can use public (but not publicly viewable) infrastructure providing an easy way to start a project with it.
description: This is a preliminary (and longer) version of the original paper
Nonsingular potentials from excited state factorization of a quantum system with position dependent mass
Creators: name: Midya, Bikashkali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modified factorization technique of a quantum system characterized by position-dependent mass Hamiltonian is presented. It has been shown that the singular superpotential defined in terms of a mass function and a excited state wave function of a given position-dependent mass Hamiltonian can be used to construct non-singular isospectral Hamiltonians. The method has been illustrated with the help of a few examples.
description: Improved version accepted in J. Phys. A
Towards real-time registration of ultrasound and CT in computer aided orthopaedic surgery applications
Creators: name: Brounstein, Anna B Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Pelvic fractures are serious injuries that are most commonly caused by motor vehicle accidents and affect people of all ages. Surgeries to realign the pelvis and fix the bone fragments with screws have inherent risks and rely on cumbersome intra-operative radioscopic imaging methods. Ultrasound (US) is emerging as a desirable imaging modality to replace fluoroscopy as an intra-operative tool for pelvic fracture surgery because it is safe, portable and inexpensive. Despite the many advantages of US, it suffers from speckle noise, a limited field of view and a low signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, we must ﬁnd a way to efficiently process and utilize ultrasound data so that it can be used to effectively visualize bone. In the past decade, there has been much research focused on fusing US with pre-operative Computed Tomography (CT) to be used in an intra-operative guidance system; however, current methods are either too slow or not robust enough to use in a clinical setting. We propose a method to automatically extract bone features in US and CT volumes and register them using a fast point-based method. We use local phase features to estimate the bone surfaces from B-mode US volumes. We simplify the bone surface using particle simulation, which we optimize using the hierarchical Barnes-Hut algorithm. To ensure the point cloud best represents the bone surface, we reinforce them with high curvature features. We then represent the point clouds using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) and find the correspondence between them by minimizing a measure of distance between the GMMs. We have validated our proposed algorithm on a phantom pelvis and clinical data acquired from pelvic fracture patients. We demonstrate a registration runtime of 1.4 seconds and registration error of 0.769 mm.
Membrane Interactions of Gadolinium
Creators: name: Unruh, Colin
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lipids
subject: Metal-Membrane Interactions
subject: Gadolinium
subject: Biophysics
subject: Lipid Membranes
subject: Biochemistry

description: The administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) has become the standard in the field of diagnostic imaging. Although widely considered safe, instances of long-term gadolinium retention following GBCA administration have been observed. One possible source of Gd3+ induced toxicity are the lipid membranes surrounding cells. The primary focus of this thesis is on the interactions of Gd3+ with lipid membranes, as disruption to membrane properties may have consequences for transport, signalling, and overall cellular integrity. This study has shown that Gd3+ rigidifies membranes containing negatively charged lipids in both simple and complex model membranes. Additionally, Gd3+ was found to affect biological lipid extracts including Brain Polar Extract. This is especially important as the brain is a known area of Gd3+ deposition.
Measuring Energetic Electron Precipitation using High Altitude Balloons and X-ray spectroscopy
Creators: name: Patrick, Matthew Ryan
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: xray spectroscopy
subject: electron precipitation
subject: high altitude balloon
subject: Physics

description: This work develops experimental methods to infer the energy spectra and total fluxes of energetic electron precipitation using X-ray spectrum measurements from high altitude balloons. The problem of mapping between the energies and fluxes of secondary X-ray radiation and the causative precipitating electron spectrum is addressed using Monte-Carlo simulations and computer models of the detectors. The inverse problem of determining the electron spectrum from X-ray measurements is solved from first principles by treating the underlying ill-conditioning using regularization and preconditioning methods. Validation of the technique using simulations of the precipitating electrons and detector demonstrates that the inverse problem is solvable for realistic experimental noise levels in the measured X-ray spectra. The problem of over-fitting models to the available data is solved using cross-validation techniques, which models precipitating electron spectra without assumptions about the amount of information that can be reliably determined from experimental measurements. X-ray spectrometer measurements from two University of Calgary high altitude balloon flights and a NASA BARREL balloon flight are analyzed using the developed methods. The resulting electron spectra are compared with the electron spectra obtained using conventional fitting techniques to show that exponential or mono-energetic models can under-fit the available data, which is problematic. A comparison between the BARREL balloon data and a RBSP (Radiation Belt Storm Probe) spacecraft measurement of the electron spectrum prior to scattering shows that the approximate energy range over which the applicable scattering processes in the radiation belts operate can be determined using only the balloon data. The average electron flux measured from the balloon is shown to be consistent with the RBSP measurements. Data from an X-ray detector flown aboard a University of Calgary high altitude balloon are used to derive a precipitating electron flux of $4.8\times10^8\mbox{ electrons}/\mbox{cm}^2/\mbox{second}$. Data from a NASA BARREL balloon flight and associated RBSP measurements are used to show an available precipitating flux of $8.4\times10^6\mbox{ electrons}/\mbox{cm}^2/\mbox{second}$, with $5.2\times10^6\mbox{ electrons}/\mbox{cm}^2/\mbox{second}$ actually precipitating based on the balloon data. The precipitation is consistent with strong scattering in the energy range of 75 to 275 keV.
Economics of Milk Marketing in Alaska
Creators: name: Jones, W. Webster
name: Jones, W. Webster
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpt from the report: The purpose of the report is to add to the limited amount of published information available on the economics of marketing dairy products in Alaska. The main objectives are to: (1) Describe and analyze the source, volume, costs, and selling prices of milk marketed in Alaska. (2) Analyze and evaluate the comparative costs and advantages of marketing fresh, reconstituted, and concentrated milk. (3) Analyze the characteristics of demand for milk in Alaska as they affect requirements for supplies and costs of distribution. (4) Analyze factors affecting costs and pricing of locally produced milk. (5) Analyze changes in marketing since 1957.
Representing Marginalized Populations: Challenges in Anthropographics
Creators: name: Dhawka, Priya
name: He, Helen Ai
name: Willett, Wesley
Publisher: name: Computer Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: Data Visualization
Anthropographics
Diversity

description: Anthropographics are human-shaped visualizations that have primarily been used within visualization research and data journalism to show humanitarian and demographic data. However, anthropographics have typically been produced by a small group of designers, researchers, and journalists, and most use homogeneous representations of marginalized populations—representations that might have problematic implications for how viewers perceive the people they represent. In this paper, we use a critical lens to examine anthropographic visualization practices in projects about marginalized populations. We present critiques that identify three potential challenges related to the use of anthropographics and highlight possible unintended consequences—namely (1) creating homogeneous depictions of marginalized populations, (2) treating marginalization as an inclusion criteria, and (3) insufficiently contextualizing datasets about marginalization. Finally, we highlight opportunities for anthropographics research, including the need to develop techniques for representing demographic differences between marginalized populations and for studies exploring other potential effects of anthropographics.
(2,0) Supersymmetry and the Light-Cone Description of M5-branes
Creators: name: Lambert, Neil
name: Richmond, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 1007.2982 a novel system of equations which propagate in one null and four space directions were obtained as the on-shell conditions for the six-dimensional (2,0) superalgebra. In this paper we show how this system reduces to one-dimensional motion on instanton moduli space. Quantization leads to the previous light-cone proposal of the (2,0) theory, generalized to include a potential that arises on the Coulomb branch as well as couplings to background gauge and self-dual two-form fields.
description: 15 pages, v2: minor clarifications to sections 3 and 5, references added. This version to appear in JHEP
Study of Charged Celestial Objects in Modified Gravity
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Hassan, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we assess different charged self-gravitating stellar models possessing anisotropic matter source in the background of $f(G,T)$ gravity. For this purpose, we choose a well-known model of this gravity, i.e., $f(G,T)=G^2+\varrho T$, where $\varrho$ stands for the coupling constant. The modified field equations are developed using MIT bag model equation of state, and their solution is found with the help of Tolman IV ansatz which contains three unknown constants. This solution is further exploited to examine the graphical behavior of Her X-I, PSR J1614-2230, 4U1820-30 and LMC X-4 celestial objects. We assume two different values of charge to figure out the pressure constituents, energy density, anisotropy and energy constraints graphically. We also discuss compactness, mass and redshift parameters. Finally, we explore stability of the considered stars through two different methods. It is concluded that all the star candidates are viable as well as stable for $\mathcal{Q}=0.1$. For the larger charge, the viable behavior is also observed for all stars but PSR J1614-2230 shows unstable trend.
description: 33 figures, 7 figures
Scaling K2 VII: Evidence for a high occurrence rate of hot sub-Neptunes at intermediate ages
Creators: name: Christiansen, Jessie L.
name: Zink, Jon K.
name: Hardegree-Ullman, Kevin K.
name: Fernandes, Rachel B.
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Rebull, Luisa M.
name: Boley, Kiersten M.
name: Bergsten, Galen J.
name: Bhure, Sakhee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NASA K2 mission obtained high precision time-series photometry for four young clusters, including the near-twin 600-800 Myr-old Praesepe and Hyades clusters. Hot sub-Neptunes are highly prone to mass-loss mechanisms, given their proximity to the the host star and the weakly bound gaseous envelopes, and analyzing this population at young ages can provide strong constraints on planetary evolution models. Using our automated transit detection pipeline, we recover 15 planet candidates across the two clusters, including 10 previously confirmed planets. We find a hot sub-Neptune occurrence rate of 79-107% for GKM stars in the Praesepe cluster. This is 2.5-3.5 sigma higher than the occurrence rate of 16.54+1.00-0.98% for the same planets orbiting the ~3-9 Gyr-old GKM field stars observed by K2, even after accounting for the slightly super-solar metallicity ([Fe/H]~0.2 dex) of the Praesepe cluster. We examine the effect of adding ~100 targets from the Hyades cluster, and extending the planet parameter space under examination, and find similarly high occurrence rates in both cases. The high occurrence rate of young, hot sub-Neptunes could indicate either that these planets are undergoing atmospheric evolution as they age, or that planetary systems that formed when the Galaxy was much younger are substantially different than from today. Under the assumption of the atmospheric mass-loss scenario, a significantly higher occurrence rate of these planets at the intermediate ages of Praesepe and Hyades appears more consistent with the core-powered mass loss scenario sculpting the hot sub-Neptune population, compared to the photoevaporation scenario.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, published in AJ
Endorsed, or Just Enforced? Personality and Preferences for Online Learning During COVID-19
Creators: name: MacLean, Kaylee
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: personality
subject: online learning
subject: remote work
subject: preferences
subject: HEXACO
subject: COVID-19
subject: Education--Business
subject: Education--Curriculum and Instruction
subject: Education--Higher
subject: Education--Secondary
subject: Education--Technology
subject: Psychology--Personality
subject: Psychometrics

description: Online learning has a history of higher dropout rates than in-person learning despite its continued growth. Research on online learning and remote work has historically been conducted using populations who were already attracted to those modalities, but COVID-19 forced many organizations operating in-person to suddenly switch to online formats. This created a novel population of individuals who were not previously engaged in, or necessarily attracted to, online learning and remote work, and the opportunity to learn more about how individual differences influence preferences for online modalities. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between university students’ (N = 465) personalities, preferences for online learning, and preferences for remote work. We found a modest overall effect of personality on preference for online learning. Students high in Honesty-Humility or Extraversion are less likely to prefer online learning and remote work. More students preferred in-person learning than online learning, and those who preferred in-person learning felt more strongly about their decision on average than those who preferred online learning. The number of students who preferred remote work was approximately equal to those who preferred in-person work. Additionally, an EFA of attitudes toward factors of the learning experience revealed six most important mechanisms of online learning preference. Together, these findings indicate that individuals’ personality traits have some influence on their preference of learning and work modality. This suggests that virtual modalities likely attract individuals with certain traits more than others, which may have implications for course drop-out rates and work recruitment. Understanding that pattern can guide the design of online learning and remote work programs to attract and accommodate a wider range of individuals, or individuals with desired traits, based on experiences and attitudes that shape their preferences.
MOESM1 of Increased activated regulatory T cell subsets and aging Treg-like cells in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a case control study
Creators: name: Wang, Ji-nuo
name: Cao, Xin-xin
name: Zhao, Ai-lin
name: Cai, Hao
name: Wang, Xuan
name: Li, Jian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. The gating strategy of Treg subsets. Phenotype of Treg cell subsets: resting Treg cells, activated Treg cells and non-Treg cells. (A) PBMCs or BMMCs were gated on FSC, SSC and analyzed for lymphocytes. (B) Percentages of CD4+ T cells gated on CD4 and SSC. (C) Three subsets of CD4+ T cells are defined by the expression of CD45RA and FoxP3: CD45RA+FoxP3lo cells, CD45RA-FoxP3hi cells, CD45RA-FoxP3lo cells; Representative dot plots are shown for an untreated MM patient.
The Jerba Libraries Project: A Collaborative Digitisation Project in Jerba, Tunisia
Creators: name: Love, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: manuscripts
digitization
digitisation
Jerba
Tunisia
Endangered Archives Programme
Arcadia
British Library
Arabic manuscripts
Manuscript cataloguing

description: A short video presentation on the "The Jerba Libraries Project", an initiative to digitise private and public libraries on the island of Jerba, Tunisia. The project is supported by the Endangered Archives Programme, funded by Arcadia and administered by the British Library. More information on the project can be found at: https://eap.bl.uk/project/EAP1216.
Protocol for a rapid scoping review to examine child health and well-being indicator frameworks in OECD countries
Creators: name: Roth, Christiane
name: Zwicker, Jennifer
name: Hagel, Brent
name: Boynton, Heather
name: Crowshoe, Lynden F.J.
name: Dimitropoulos, Gina
name: Exner-Cortens, Deneira
name: Metcalfe, Amy
name: Russell-Meyhew, Shelly
name: Schwartz, Kelly Dean
name: Thomas, Karen
name: Tough, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2022
Subjects: Child Health and Well-being
Indicator Framework
Child Health and Well-being Measures
Child Health and Well-being Indicators

description: The scoping review is part of a BMO Endowed Research Award in Healthy Living in the Branch category of the Child Health and Wellness Grand Challenge Catalyst competition, funded by the Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation and University of Calgary
description: The purpose of the rapid scoping review is to identify commonly recognized domains/dimension and indicators considered important to the measurement of child health and wellbeing of children and youth to inform the development of a wellbeing indicator framework. Understandings of the concept and importance of health and wellbeing has evolved in the recent decades to encompass wider determinants of health. The concept of wellbeing or quality of life in particular, has become increasingly relevant at the international and national policy levels as a measure for a country’s overall performance. Wellbeing or quality of life indicator frameworks can help monitor health and wellbeing over time in a given jurisdiction and guide the development of cross–sectoral wellbeing policies and strategies to improve overall wellbeing outcomes of the population. This protocol describes our approach to a scoping review, which will gather comprehensive data on how child health and wellbeing is defined and measured across the globe. The protocol is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist, which will also guide its reporting. The scoping review will include peer-reviewed articles and information from a grey literature search of inter-governmental organizations and official documents of OECD countries. Data will be synthesized to showcase what child health and wellbeing is commonly comprised of (dimensions/domains/components) and which indicators and sources are used to measure the concept.
Quantifying the Universality of the Stellar Initial Mass Function in Old Star Clusters
Creators: name: Leigh, Nathan
name: Umbreit, Stefan
name: Sills, Alison
name: Knigge, Christian
name: de Marchi, Guido
name: Glebbeek, Evert
name: Sarajedini, Ata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new technique to quantify cluster-to-cluster variations in the observed present-day stellar mass functions of a large sample of star clusters. Our method quantifies these differences as a function of both the stellar mass and the total cluster mass, and offers the advantage that it is insensitive to the precise functional form of the mass function. We applied our technique to data taken from the ACS Survey for Globular Clusters, from which we obtained completeness-corrected stellar mass functions in the mass range 0.25-0.75 M$_{\odot}$ for a sample of 27 clusters. The results of our observational analysis were then compared to Monte Carlo simulations for globular cluster evolution spanning a range of initial mass functions, total numbers of stars, concentrations, and virial radii. We show that the present-day mass functions of the clusters in our sample can be reproduced by assuming an universal initial mass function for all clusters, and that the cluster-to-cluster differences are consistent with what is expected from two-body relaxation. A more complete exploration of the initial cluster conditions will be needed in future studies to better constrain the precise functional form of the initial mass function. This study is a first step toward using our technique to constrain the dynamical histories of a large sample of old Galactic star clusters and, by extension, star formation in the early Universe.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS, proof corrections made in updated version
Tests of General Relativity in the Strong Gravity Regime Based on X-Ray Spectropolarimetric Observations of Black Holes in X-Ray Binaries
Creators: name: Krawczynski, Henric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although General Relativity (GR) has been tested extensively in the weak gravity regime, similar tests in the strong gravity regime are still missing. In this paper we explore the possibility to use X-ray spectropolarimetric observations of black holes in X-ray binaries to distinguish between the Kerr metric and the phenomenological metrics introduced by Johannsen and Psaltis (2011) (which are not vacuum solutions of Einstein's equation) and thus to test the no-hair theorem of GR. To this end, we have developed a numerical code that calculates the radial brightness profiles of accretion disks and parallel transports the wave vector and polarization vector of photons through the Kerr and non-GR spacetimes. We used the code to predict the observational appearance of GR and non-GR accreting black hole systems. We find that the predicted energy spectra and energy dependent polarization degree and polarization direction do depend strongly on the underlying spacetime. However, for large regions of the parameter space, the GR and non-GR metrics lead to very similar observational signatures, making it difficult to observationally distinguish between the two types of models.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Regularizing tunnelling calculations of Hawking temperature
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Bhramar
name: Mitra, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attempts to understand Hawking radiation as tunnelling across a black hole horizon require the consideration of singular integrals. Although Schwarzschild coordinates lead to the standard Hawking temperature, isotropic radial coordinates may appear to produce an incorrect value. It is demonstrated here how the proper regularization of singular integrals leads to the standard temperature for the isotropic radial coordinates as well as for other smooth transformations of the radial variable, which of course describe the same black hole.
description: 4 pages; expanded
Characterization of elastolytic cathepsins in macrophages
Creators: name: Nho, Boram
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Atherosclerosis is characterized by a thickening of the arterial wall and loss of its elasticity. The elasticity of the arterial wall is impaired when the extracellular matrix undergoes extensive proteolytic remodeling. Cathepsins are papain-like cysteine proteases that are known to have elastolytic/fibrinolytic activities. They are highly expressed in macrophages present in plaque areas of diseased blood vessels and are thought to contribute to the tissue remodeling. Using cathepsin deficient macrophages and various protease inhibitors, the elastolytic activities of cathepsins B, K, L, and S were quantitatively determined. Up to 60% of the total elastase activity of macrophages was attributed to cathepsin activities. Deficiencies in single cathepsins appeared to be compensated by other cathepsins. The capability and potency of cathepsins B, K, L, and V to hydrolyze fibrin was also determined. The exact quantification of individual cathepsin activities with the help of inhibitors or enzyme deficiencies in biological samples is difficult due to compensatory effects. Thus, specific substrates could be a viable alternative. Commercially available cathepsin activity assay kits that exploit fluorogenic peptidyl substrates are widely used to measure individual cathepsin activities in biological samples. However, substrates marketed as cathepsin K, L and S specific were found to be only marginally specific or completely non-specific, and were hydrolyzed by various other cathepsins. Furthermore, the presence of highly potent endogenous inhibitors in biological samples and the lack of specificity of the substrates skew the measurements towards cathepsin B which is relatively resistant to endogenous inhibitors. Thus, data obtained using commercial substrate kits are to be interpreted with great caution.
Thin Disk Theory with a Non-Zero Torque Boundary Condition and Comparisons with Simulations
Creators: name: Penna, Robert F.
name: Sadowski, Aleksander
name: McKinney, Jonathan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical solution for thin disk accretion onto a Kerr black hole that extends the standard Novikov-Thorne alpha-disk in three ways: (i) it incorporates nonzero stresses at the inner edge of the disk, (ii) it extends into the plunging region, and (iii) it uses a corrected vertical gravity formula. The free parameters of the model are unchanged. Nonzero boundary stresses are included by replacing the Novikov-Thorne no torque boundary condition with the less strict requirement that the fluid velocity at the innermost stable circular orbit is the sound speed, which numerical models show to be the correct behavior for luminosities below ~30% Eddington. We assume the disk is thin so we can ignore advection. Boundary stresses scale as alpha*h and advection terms scale as h^2 (where h is the disk opening angle (h=H/r)), so the model is self-consistent when h < alpha. We compare our solution with slim disk models and general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic disk simulations. The model may improve the accuracy of black hole spin measurements.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS accepted
Characterization of PLP1+ cells and natural killer cells with heightened activity in vitiligo
Creators: name: Yu, Richard Wenfei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Background: Vitiligo is a complex autoimmune skin condition characterized by the death of melanocytes, the principle pigment producing cells in the skin. Transcriptome analysis of vitiligo skin revealed significantly reduced levels of proteolipid 1 (PLP1) gene, which is known to be expressed by Schwann cells, as well as significantly up-regulation of genes that are associated with natural killer (NK) cell activity. Hypothesis and Objectives: Schwann cells may be adversely affected in vitiligo and NK cells may potentially play a role in the overall disease pathogenesis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to characterize the down-regulation of PLP1 and assess the presence of NK cell infiltration in vitiligo skin biopsies. Materials and Methods: PLP1 expression analyses were performed on major types of skin cells as well as vitiligo and normal skin samples. Quantification of Schwann cells was performed on paired vitiligo samples using immunohistochemistry. Schwann cell conditioned medium was also tested for its ability to support the growth and survival of human melanocytes. To assess NK cell activity, explant skin cultures and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to localize activated NK cells in skin biopsies. Results: Schwann cells were the primary source of PLP1 in human skin, although it is also expressed by melanocytes. Schwann cells were found to be decreased in vitiligo lesional skin as compared to peri-lesional and normal skin. In addition, conditional medium prepared from cultured Schwann cells significantly increased the survival of human melanocytes. Furthermore, explant skin cultures and immunofluorescence studies revealed marked increase of NK cells with heightened activity in vitiligo lesional as well as peri-lesional vitiligo skin. Conclusion: Results from our study suggest that the loss of melanocytes and reduction in Schwann cells may account for the down-regulation of PLP1 in vitiligo lesional skin. In addition, Schwann cells may play a role in the growth and survival of melanocytes and their decrease may have facilitated the development of vitiligo. Furthermore, this study lends support to the direct involvement of NK cells in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and suggests that they should be explored as cellular targets for development of better therapies in the future.
The Prognostic Value of ADAMTS8 and Its Role as a Tumor Suppressor in Breast Cancer
Creators: name: Zhang, Qia
name: Kanyomse, Quist
name: Luo, Chenghao
name: Mo, Qingfan
name: Zhao, XunPing
name: Wang, Long
name: Peng, Weiyan
name: Ren, Guosheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with therombospondin type1 motif 8 (ADAMTS8) plays an important role in many malignancies. However, the clinical and biological significance of ADAMTS8 in breast cancer remain unknown. In this study, the clinical data from 1066 breast cancer patients were analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and were analyzed using the correlation between ADAMTS8 expression and the clinicopathological features and prognoses. The CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assay were used to characterize the effects of ADAMTS8 on proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and western blotting were used to identify the potential molecular mechanism on how ADAMTS8 exert its biological function. ADAMTS8 overexpression correlated longer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). ADAMTS8 was considered as an independent prognostic factor for OS. ADAMTS8 overexpression inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. ADAMTS8 was also involved in cell cycle regulation and was associated with the EGFR/Akt signaling pathway. ADAMTS8 knockdown showed the reverse effect. Together, the results showed that ADAMTS8 functioned as a tumor suppressor gene (TGS) and could be a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
Loading Boxcars at Country Elevators in the Hard Winter Wheat Area
Creators: name: Graves, Albert H.
name: Kline, Gerald L.
name: Graves, Albert H.
name: Kline, Gerald L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: Country elevators in the Hard Winter Wheat area have two or three major shipments of grain a year. Storage bins in the elevator headhouse are usually emptied before wheat harvest and before milo harvest to make room for new grain. Additional grain may be loaded out during harvest as the headhouse becomes filled. Boxcars are loaded with grain directly from the elevator, and for a major shipment about 10 cars a day may be filled. Efficiency and speed in loading out grain are particularly important at harvesttime to avoid delaying receipts of new grain. A study was made to evaluate methods and equipment used to load out grain at country elevators and to develop improvements that would speed up the loading-out operation. Labor and equipment requirements and costs in this report are based on an elevator loading out 475,000 bushels of grain annually; storage capacity of the elevator is 200,000 bushels. Costs are projected for loading out annual volumes of 725,000 bushels (storage capacity of the elevator, 750,000 bushels) and 1,125,000 bushels (storage capacity of the elevator, 1,500,000 bushels)
Impact of Age and Duration of Maternal Separation on Processing Stress and Vaccine Responses in Pre-weaned Beef Calves
Creators: name: Silas, Haley
Publisher: name: Veterinary Medicine
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Veterinary Science

description: Spring processing is a common practice in western Canadian cow-calf herds that involves separating calves from their dams and restraining the calves while they receive a combination of procedures that may include vaccination, castration, branding, and dehorning. Spring processing events are thought to be stressful for the calf; however, the impact of their age and the duration of maternal separation is not known. The first study (Chapter 2) assessed impacts of age and duration of maternal separation on stress experienced by calves at processing. It was found that four- and eight-week old calves had similar behavioural indicators of stress and cortisol concentrations after processing. Calves separated for five hours before processing were less active after processing than calves separated for one hour before processing. This decrease in activity in calves separated for longer could indicate they have become exhausted or acclimatized to their pen. The second study (Chapter 3) assessed the impact of age and stress on immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody responses to intranasal vaccination with a modified live vaccine against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV1), parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV; Inforce3®, Zoetis Inc., New Jersey, USA). In this study, BRSV, PIV3, and BHV1 IgG concentrations remained relatively similar from baseline to post-vaccination, while BRSV, PIV3, and BHV1 IgM concentrations increased during the same period. Furthermore, this increase was greater in eight-week old calves than four-week old calves, potentially because old calves were more responsive immunologically than the younger calves. Cortisol concentration proved to have minimal association with antibody concentrations after vaccination, with only some weak positive correlations between cortisol at certain timepoints and BRSV IgG or BHV1 IgG concentrations post-vaccination. Overall, there was no difference between vaccinated and unvaccinated calves, suggesting that maternally derived antibodies may have prevented a detectable humoral immune response to vaccination. To our knowledge, this study was the first to consider IgG and IgM immune responses to vaccination at industry-relevant processing ages.
Can residuals of the Solar system foreground explain low multipole anomalies of the CMB ?
Creators: name: Hansen, M.
name: Kim, J.
name: Frejsel, A. M.
name: Ramazanov, S.
name: Naselsky, P.
name: Zhao, W.
name: Burigana, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low multipole anomalies of the Cosmic Microwave Background has received much attention during the last few years. It is still not ascertained whether these anomalies are indeed primordial or the result of systematics or foregrounds. An example of a foreground, which could generate some non-Gaussian and statistically anisotropic features at low multipole range, is the very symmetric Kuiper Belt in the outer solar system. In this paper, expanding upon the methods presented by Maris et al. (2011), we investigate the contributions from the Kuiper Belt objects (KBO) to the WMAP ILC 7 map, whereby we can minimize the contrast in power between even and odd multipoles in the CMB, discussed discussed by Kim & Naselsky (2010). We submit our KBO de-correlated CMB signal to several tests, to analyze its validity, and find that incorporation of the KBO emission can decrease the quadrupole-octupole alignment and parity asymmetry problems, provided that the KBO signals has a non-cosmological dipole modulation, associated with the statistical anisotropy of the ILC 7 map. Additionally, we show that the amplitude of the dipole modulation, within a 2 sigma interval, is in agreement with the corresponding amplitudes, discussed by Lew (2008).
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. Matches version in JCAP
Simulating Z_2 topological insulators with cold atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice
Creators: name: Mei, Feng
name: Zhu, Shi-Liang
name: Zhang, Zhi-Ming
name: Oh, C. H.
name: Goldman, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an experimental scheme to simulate and detect the properties of time-reversal invariant topological insulators, using cold atoms trapped in one-dimensional bichromatic optical lattices. This system is described by a one-dimensional Aubry-Andre model with an additional SU(2) gauge structure, which captures the essential properties of a two-dimensional Z2 topological insulator. We demonstrate that topologically protected edge states, with opposite spin orientations, can be pumped across the lattice by sweeping a laser phase adiabatically. This process constitutes an elegant way to transfer topologically protected quantum states in a highly controllable environment. We discuss how density measurements could provide clear signatures of the topological phases emanating from our one-dimensional system.
description: 5 pages +, 3 figures, to appear in Physical Review A
From fidelity to entanglement of entropy of the one-dimensional transverse-field quantum compass model
Creators: name: Motamedifar, Mostafa
name: Nemati, Somayyeh
name: Mahdavifar, Saeed
name: Shayesteh, Saber Farjami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study fidelity and fidelity susceptibility by addition of entanglement of entropy in the one-dimensional quantum compass model in a transverse magnetic field numerically. The whole four recognized gapped regions in the ground state phase diagram are in the range of our investigation. Power-law divergence at criticality accompanied by finite size scaling indicates the field induced quantum phase transitions are of second order as well as from the scaling behavior of the extremum of fidelity susceptibility is shown the quantum critical exponents are different in the various regions of phase diagram. We further calculate a recently proposed quantum information theoretic measure, von-Neumann entropy, and show that this measure provide appropriate signatures of the quantum phase transitions (QPT)s occurring at the critical fields. Von-Neumann entropy indicates a measure of entanglement between some-particle block and the rest of the system. We show the value of entanglement between a two-particle block with the rest of the system is more dependent on the power of exchange couplings connecting the block with the rest of the system than the power of exchange coupling between two particles in the block.