cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Model-independent analyses of non-Gaussianity in Planck CMB maps using Minkowski Functionals
Creators: name: Buchert, Thomas
name: France, Martin J.
name: Steiner, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the wealth of $Planck$ results, there are difficulties in disentangling the primordial non-Gaussianity of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from the secondary and the foreground non-Gaussianity (NG). For each of these forms of NG the lack of complete data introduces model-dependencies. Aiming at detecting the NGs of the CMB temperature anisotropy $δT$, while paying particular attention to a model-independent quantification of NGs, our analysis is based upon statistical and morphological univariate descriptors, respectively: the probability density function $P(δT)$, related to ${\mathrm v}_{0}$, the first Minkowski Functional (MF), and the two other MFs, ${\mathrm v}_{1}$ and ${\mathrm v}_{2}$. From their analytical Gaussian predictions we build the discrepancy functions $Δ_{k}$ ($k=P,0,1,2$) which are applied to an ensemble of $10^{5}$ CMB realization maps of the $Λ$CDM model and to the $Planck$ CMB maps. In our analysis we use general Hermite expansions of the $Δ_{k}$ up to the $12^{th}$ order, where the coefficients are explicitly given in terms of cumulants. Assuming hierarchical ordering of the cumulants, we obtain the perturbative expansions generalizing the $2^{nd}$ order expansions of Matsubara to arbitrary order in the standard deviation $σ_0$ for $P(δT)$ and ${\mathrm v}_0$, where the perturbative expansion coefficients are explicitly given in terms of complete Bell polynomials. The comparison of the Hermite expansions and the perturbative expansions is performed for the $Λ$CDM map sample and the $Planck$ data. We confirm the weak level of non-Gaussianity ($1$-$2$)$σ$ of the foreground corrected masked $Planck$ $2015$ maps.
description: Invited article for focus issue "Planck and fundamentals of cosmology", matches published version in Classical and Quantum Gravity, 55 pages, 14 figures
The nature of H$α$-selected galaxies along the large-scale structure at z=0.4 revealed by Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey
Creators: name: Koyama, Yusei
name: Hayashi, Masao
name: Tanaka, Masayuki
name: Kodama, Tadayuki
name: Shimakawa, Rhythm
name: Yamamoto, Moegi
name: Nakata, Fumiaki
name: Tanaka, Ichi
name: Suzuki, Tomoko
name: Tadaki, Ken-ichi
name: Nishizawa, Atsushi J.
name: Yabe, Kiyoto
name: Toba, Yoshiki
name: Lin, Lihwai
name: Jian, Hung-Yu
name: Komiyama, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the environmental dependence of colour, stellar mass, and star formation (SF) activity in H-alpha-selected galaxies along the large-scale structure at z=0.4 hosting twin clusters in DEEP2-3 field, discovered by Subaru Strategic Programme of Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC SSP). By combining photo-z selected galaxies and H-alpha emitters selected with broad-band and narrow-band (NB) data of the recent data release of HSC SSP (DR1), we confirm that galaxies in higher-density environments or galaxies in the cluster central regions show redder colours. We find that there still remains a possible colour-density and colour-radius correlation even if we restrict the sample to H-alpha-selected galaxies, likely due to the presence of massive H-alpha emitters in denser regions. We also find a hint of increased star formation rates (SFR) amongst H-alpha emitters towards the highest-density environment, again primarily driven by the excess of red/massive H-alpha emitters in high-density environment, while their specific SFR does not significantly change with environment. This work demonstrates the power of the HSC SSP NB data to study SF galaxies across environment in the distant universe.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ (Subaru HSC-SSP special issue)
Photoresponse of La$_{1.85}$Sr$_{0.15}$CuO$_{4}$ nanostrip
Creators: name: Shibata, H.
name: Kirigane, N.
name: Fukao, K.
name: Sakai, D.
name: Karimoto, S.
name: Yamamoto, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the fabrication and photoresponse of 5 nm thick La$_{1.85}$Sr$_{0.15}$CuO$_{4}$ nanostrip with a width of 100nm. The I-V characteristics of the nanostrip show a hysteresis and a sharp voltage jump at $I_{c}$. The $J_{c}$(3K) of the nanostrip is 2.3 x 10$^{7}$ A/cm$^{2}$. The nanostrip exhibits photoresponse signals when illuminated by a pulse laser at 1560 nm wavelength with a bias current just below $I_{c}$. The height of the signal reduces as the optical intensity decreases and disappears below -10 dBm. The signal also decreases as the temperature increases, but it exists up to 30 K. These results suggest the possibility of La$_{1.85}$Sr$_{0.15}$CuO$_{4}$ nanostrip as single-photon detector (SSPD, SNSPD) working at high temperature by further reducing the cross-section of the strip.
Block product density matrix embedding theory for strongly correlated spin systems
Creators: name: Gunst, Klaas
name: Wouters, Sebastian
name: De Baerdemacker, Stijn
name: Van Neck, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Density matrix embedding theory (DMET) is a relatively new technique for the calculation of strongly correlated systems. Recently, block product DMET (BPDMET) was introduced for the study of spin systems such as the antiferromagnetic $J_1 - J_2$ model on the square lattice. In this paper, we extend the variational Ansatz of BPDMET using spin-state optimization, yielding improved results. We apply the same techniques to the Kitaev-Heisenberg model on the honeycomb lattice, comparing the results when using several types of clusters. Energy profiles and correlation functions are investigated. A diagonalization in the tangent space of the variational approach yields information on the excited states and the corresponding spectral functions.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Using the IBM Analog In-Memory Hardware Acceleration Kit for Neural Network Training and Inference
Creators: name: Gallo, Manuel Le
name: Lammie, Corey
name: Buechel, Julian
name: Carta, Fabio
name: Fagbohungbe, Omobayode
name: Mackin, Charles
name: Tsai, Hsinyu
name: Narayanan, Vijay
name: Sebastian, Abu
name: Maghraoui, Kaoutar El
name: Rasch, Malte J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Analog In-Memory Computing (AIMC) is a promising approach to reduce the latency and energy consumption of Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference and training. However, the noisy and non-linear device characteristics, and the non-ideal peripheral circuitry in AIMC chips, require adapting DNNs to be deployed on such hardware to achieve equivalent accuracy to digital computing. In this tutorial, we provide a deep dive into how such adaptations can be achieved and evaluated using the recently released IBM Analog Hardware Acceleration Kit (AIHWKit), freely available at https://github.com/IBM/aihwkit. The AIHWKit is a Python library that simulates inference and training of DNNs using AIMC. We present an in-depth description of the AIHWKit design, functionality, and best practices to properly perform inference and training. We also present an overview of the Analog AI Cloud Composer, a platform that provides the benefits of using the AIHWKit simulation in a fully managed cloud setting along with physical AIMC hardware access, freely available at https://aihw-composer.draco.res.ibm.com. Finally, we show examples on how users can expand and customize AIHWKit for their own needs. This tutorial is accompanied by comprehensive Jupyter Notebook code examples that can be run using AIHWKit, which can be downloaded from https://github.com/IBM/aihwkit/tree/master/notebooks/tutorial.
Presentation: The Effect of Investor Characteristics on Herding Behavior and Investment Decision Making During the Economic Crisis
Creators: name: Astuti, Rini Dwi
name: Ediningsih, Sri Isworo
name: Akhmad Syari'udin
name: C. Ambar Pujiharjanto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This material has presented on 1st International Conference on Advance Research in Social and Economic Science. October 25, 2022
Julia Breittruck, Ein Flügelschlag in der Pariser Aufklärung. Zur Geschichte der Beziehungen zwischen Menschen und ihren Vögeln, München (Universitätsbibliothek der LMU München) 2021
Creators: name: Deflers, Isabelle
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2022

description: Julia Breittruck, Ein Flügelschlag in der Pariser Aufklärung. Zur Geschichte der Beziehungen zwischen Menschen und ihren Vögeln, München (Universitätsbibliothek der LMU München) 2021, 240 S. (Beiträge zur Geschichte und Kultur Westeuropas, 1), ISBN 978-3-95925-065-8, EUR 22,90.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2022/4
Retrolensing by a wormhole at deflection angles $π$ and $3π$
Creators: name: Tsukamoto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The deflection angle of a light ray can be arbitrarily large near a light sphere. The time-symmetrical shape of light curves of a pair of light rays reflected by a light sphere of a lens object does not depend on the details of the lens object. We consider retrolensing light curves of sunlight with deflection angles $π$ and $3π$ by an Ellis wormhole, which is the simplest Morris-Thorne wormhole. If an Ellis wormhole with a throat parameter $a=10^{11}$ km is $100$ pc away from an observer and if the Ellis wormhole, the observer, and the sun are aligned perfectly in this order, the apparent magnitudes of a pair of light rays with deflection angles $π$ and $3π$ become $11$ and $18$, respectively. The two pairs of light rays make a superposed light curve with two separable peaks and they break down time symmetry of a retrolensing light curve. The observation of the two separated peaks of the light curves gives us information on the details of the lens object. If the observer can also separate the pair of the images with the deflection angle $π$ into a double image, he or she can say whether the retrolensing is caused by an Ellis wormhole or a Schwarzschild black hole.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, title changed, minor correction, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Formulation and Implementation of Frequency-Dependent Linear Response Properties with Relativistic Coupled Cluster Theory for GPU-accelerated Computer Architectures
Creators: name: Yuan, Xiang
name: Halbert, Loic
name: Pototschnig, Johann
name: Papadopoulos, Anastasios
name: Coriani, Sonia
name: Visscher, Lucas
name: Gomes, Andre Severo Pereira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the development and implementation of the relativistic coupled cluster linear response theory (CC-LR) which allows the determination of molecular properties arising from time-dependent or time-independent electric, magnetic, or mixed electric-magnetic perturbations (within a common gauge origin), and take into account the finite lifetime of excited states via damped response theory. We showcase our implementation, which is capable to offload intensive tensor contractions onto graphical processing units (GPUs), in the calculation of: \textit{(a)} frequency-(in)dependent dipole-dipole polarizabilities of IIB atoms and selected diatomic molecules, with a emphasis on the calculation of valence absorption cross-sections for the I$_2$ molecule;\textit{(b)} indirect spin-spin coupling constants for benchmark systems such as the hydrogen halides (HX, X = F-I) as well the H$_2$Se-H$_2$O dimer as a prototypical system containing hydrogen bonds; and \textit{(c)} optical rotations at the sodium D line for hydrogen peroxide analogues (H$_{2}$Y$_{2}$, Y=O, S, Se, Te). Thanks to this implementation, we are able show the similarities in performance--but often the significant discrepancies--between CC-LR and approximate methods such as density functional theory (DFT). Comparing standard CC response theory with the equation of motion formalism, we find that, for valence properties such as polarizabilities, the two frameworks yield very similar results across the periodic table as found elsewhere in the literature; for properties that probe the core region such as spin-spin couplings, we show a progressive differentiation between the two as relativistic effects become more important. Our results also suggest that as one goes down the periodic table it may become increasingly difficult to measure pure optical rotation at the sodium D line, due to the appearance of absorbing states.
Simona Boscani Leoni, Sarah Baumgartner, Meike Knittel (ed.), Connecting Territories. Exploring People and Nature, 1700–1850, Leiden (Brill Academic Publishers) 2022
Creators: name: Beaurepaire, Pierre-Yves
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2022

description: Simona Boscani Leoni, Sarah Baumgartner, Meike Knittel (ed.), Connecting Territories. Exploring People and Nature, 1700–1850, Leiden (Brill Academic Publishers) 2022, 280 p. (Emergence of Natural History, 5), ISBN 978-90-04-41246-0, EUR 119,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2022/4
Numerical analysis of a baryon and its dilatation modes in holographic QCD
Creators: name: Hori, Keiichiro
name: Suganuma, Hideo
name: Kanda, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a baryon and its dilatation modes in holographic QCD based on the Sakai-Sugimoto model, which is expressed as a 1+4 dimensional U($N_f$) gauge theory in the flavor space. For spatially rotational symmetric systems, we apply a generalized version of the Witten Ansatz, and reduce 1+4 dimensional holographic QCD into a 1+2 dimensional Abelian Higgs theory in a curved space. In the reduced theory, the holographic baryon is described as a two-dimensional topological object of an Abrikosov vortex. We numerically calculate the baryon solution of holographic QCD using a fine and large lattice with spacing of 0.04 fm and size of 10 fm. Using the relation between the baryon size and the zero-point location of the Higgs field in the description with the Witten Ansatz, we investigate a various-size baryon through this vortex description. As time-dependent size-oscillation modes (dilatation modes) of a baryon, we numerically obtain the lowest excitation energy of 577 MeV and deduce the dilatational excitation of a nucleon to be the Roper resonance N$^*$(1440).
description: 22 pages, 14 figures
Jan Bergmann-Ahlswede, Landtag in der Stadt: Torgau als Schauplatz der kursächsischen Ständeversammlungen (1550–1628). Eine kulturgeschichtliche Studie zur Etablierung eines ersten dauerhaften Tagungsortes in Kursachsen am Beginn der Frühen Neuzeit, 2021
Creators: name: Bretschneider, Falk
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2022

description: Jan Bergmann-Ahlswede, Landtag in der Stadt: Torgau als Schauplatz der kursächsischen Ständeversammlungen (1550–1628). Eine kulturgeschichtliche Studie zur Etablierung eines ersten dauerhaften Tagungsortes in Kursachsen am Beginn der Frühen Neuzeit, Ostfildern (Jan Thorbecke Verlag) 2021, 585 S. (Studien und Schriften zur Geschichte der sächsischen Landtage, 9), ISBN 978-3-7995-8468-5, EUR 65,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2022/4
Shaping the longitudinal intensity pattern of Cartesian beams in lossless and lossy media
Creators: name: Corato-Zanarella, Mateus
name: Corato-Zanarella, Henrique
name: Zamboni-Rached, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several applications, such as optical tweezers and atom guiding, benefit from techniques that allow the engineering of optical fields' spatial profiles, in particular their longitudinal intensity patterns. In cylindrical coordinates, methods such as Frozen Waves allow an advanced control of beams' characteristics, but in Cartesian coordinates there is no analogous technique. Since Cartesian beams may also be useful for applications, we develop here a method to modulate on-demand the longitudinal intensity pattern of any (initially) unidimensional Cartesian beam with concentrated wavevector spectrum, thus encompassing all paraxial unidimensional beams. To this end, we write the total beam as a product of two unidimensional beams and explore the degree of freedom provided by the additional Cartesian coordinate. While in the plane where this coordinate is zero the chosen unidimensional beam keeps its structure with the additional desired intensity modulation, a sinusoidal-like oscillation appears in the direction of this variable and creates a spot whose size is tunable. Examples with Gaussian and Airy beams are presented and their corresponding experimental demonstrations are performed to show the validity of the method.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures; added analysis in lossy media and additional comments in the introduction
Bernard Barbiche, Le Roi et l’État. Regards sur quelques institutions de la France moderne (XVIe–XVIIIe siècle), Paris (École nationale des chartes) 2021
Creators: name: Zwierlein, Cornel
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2022

description: Bernard Barbiche, Le Roi et l’État. Regards sur quelques institutions de la France moderne (XVIe–XVIIIe siècle), Paris (École nationale des chartes) 2021, 394 p. (Mémoires et documents de l’École des chartes, 112), ISBN 978-2-35723-165-8, EUR 50,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2022/4
Lieb-Schultz-Mattis anomalies and web of dualities induced by gauging in quantum spin chains
Creators: name: Aksoy, Ömer M.
name: Mudry, Christopher
name: Furusaki, Akira
name: Tiwari, Apoorv
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorems impose non-perturbative constraints on the zero-temperature phase diagrams of quantum lattice Hamiltonians (always assumed to be local in this paper). LSM theorems have recently been interpreted as the lattice counterparts to mixed 't Hooft anomalies in quantum field theories that arise from a combination of crystalline and global internal symmetry groups. Accordingly, LSM theorems have been reinterpreted as LSM anomalies. In this work, we provide a systematic diagnostic for LSM anomalies in one spatial dimension. We show that gauging subgroups of the global internal symmetry group of a quantum lattice model obeying an LSM anomaly delivers a dual quantum lattice Hamiltonian such that its internal and crystalline symmetries mix non-trivially through a group extension. This mixing of crystalline and internal symmetries after gauging is a direct consequence of the LSM anomaly, i.e., it can be used as a diagnostic of an LSM anomaly. We exemplify this procedure for a quantum spin-1/2 chain obeying an LSM anomaly resulting from combining a global internal $\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{2}\times\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{2}$ symmetry with translation or reflection symmetry. We establish a triality of models by gauging a $\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{2}\subset\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{2}\times\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{2}$ symmetry in two ways, one of which amounts to performing a Kramers-Wannier duality, while the other implements a Jordan-Wigner duality. We discuss the mapping of the phase diagram of the quantum spin-1/2 $XYZ$ chains under such a triality. We show that the deconfined quantum critical transitions between Neel and dimer orders are mapped to either topological or conventional Landau-Ginzburg transitions. Finally, we extend our results to $\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{n}$ clock models and provide a reinterpretation of the dual internal symmetries in terms of $\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{n}$ charge and dipole symmetries.
description: 88 pages, 6 figures
Manuscript with Tracked Changes from Dance-communicated distances support nectar foraging as a supply-driven system
Creators: name: Ohlinger, Bradley David
name: Schürch, Roger
name: Silliman, Mary R.
name: Steele, Taylor
name: Couvillon, Margaret J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Data Preparation and Statistical Analysis
Wolfgang Adam, Montaignes Kalender, Heidelberg (Universitätsverlag Winter) 2021
Creators: name: Kammerer, Elsa
Publisher: name: Francia-Recensio
Year: 2022

description: Wolfgang Adam, Montaignes Kalender, Heidelberg (Universitätsverlag Winter) 2021, 129 S. (Beihefte zum Euphorion, 115), ISBN 978-3-8253-4849-6, EUR 36,00.
description: Francia-Recensio, 2022/4
Soliton-like behavior in fast two-pulse collisions in weakly perturbed linear physical systems
Creators: name: Peleg, Avner
name: Nguyen, Quan M.
name: Huynh, Toan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that pulses of linear physical systems, weakly perturbed by nonlinear dissipation, exhibit soliton-like behavior in fast collisions. The behavior is demonstrated for linear waveguides with weak cubic loss and for systems described by linear diffusion-advection models with weak quadratic loss. We show that in both systems, the expressions for the collision-induced amplitude shifts due to the nonlinear loss have the same form as the expression for the amplitude shift in a fast collision between two optical solitons in the presence of weak cubic loss. Our analytic predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations with the corresponding coupled linear evolution models with weak nonlinear loss. These results open the way for studying dynamics of fast collisions between pulses of weakly perturbed linear physical systems in an arbitrary spatial dimension.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Search for magnetic monopoles and stable particles with high electric charges in $\sqrt{s}=$13 TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for magnetic monopoles and high-electric-charge objects using LHC Run 2 $\sqrt{s} =$13 TeV proton$-$proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector. A total integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$ was collected by a specialized trigger. No highly ionizing particle candidate was observed. Considering the Drell-Yan and photon-fusion pair production mechanisms as benchmark models, cross-section upper limits are presented for spin-0 and spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ magnetic monopoles of magnetic charge $1g_\textrm{D}$ and $2g_\textrm{D}$ and for high-electric-charge objects of electric charge $20 \leq |z| \leq 100$, for masses between 200 GeV and 4000 GeV. The search improves by approximately a factor of three the previous cross-section limits on the Drell-Yan production of magnetic monopoles and high-electric charge objects. Also, the first ATLAS limits on the photon-fusion pair production mechanism of magnetic monopoles and high-electric-charge objects have been obtained.
description: 52 pages in total, author list starting page 25, 22 figures, 4 tables, published in J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 112 (2023). All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2019-33
Black hole surrounded by the pseudo-isothermal dark matter halo
Creators: name: Yang, Yi
name: Liu, Dong
name: Övgün, Ali
name: Lambiase, Gaetano
name: Long, Zheng-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundance of dark matter in the actual universe motivates us to construct the black hole spacetime enveloped by dark matter. In this paper, we derive a new spherically symmetric black hole surrounded by the pseudo-isothermal dark matter halo, and then explore the effects of the pseudo-isothermal halo profile on a rotating black hole at the M87 galactic center, aiming to achieve a black hole solution that aligns with those found in the real universe. Using the Newman-Janis method, we derive a rotating black hole solution encompassed by the pseudo-isothermal halo, which is consistent with observations of actual black holes that are believed to possess spin. Our investigation focuses on the impact of the pseudo-isothermal halo on the black hole event horizon, time-like and null orbits, as well as the black hole shadow. We find that as the spin parameter $a$ increases, the interval between the inner event horizon and the outer event horizon of the rotating black hole surrounded by the pseudo-isothermal halo in M87 diminishes. This leads to the formation of an extreme black hole. The presence of dark matter, however, has minimal effect on the event horizon. Moreover, in the M87 as the spin parameter $a$ increases, the black hole shadow deviates increasingly from a standard circle, with larger spin parameters causing more pronounced distortion relative to the standard circle. Surprisingly, we observe that the dark matter density has very little influence on the shadow of the black hole surrounded by the pseudo-isothermal halo in the M87. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of black hole structures and the role of dark matter in the universe.
A Model-independent Method to Determine $H_0$ Using Time-Delay Lensing, Quasars and Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Li, Xiaolei
name: Keeley, Ryan E.
name: Shafieloo, Arman
name: Liao, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Absolute distances from strong lensing can anchor Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) at cosmological distances giving a model-independent inference of the Hubble constant ($H_0$). Future observations could provide strong lensing time-delay distances with source redshifts up to $z\,\simeq\,4$, which are much higher than the maximum redshift of SNe Ia observed so far. In order to make full use of time-delay distances measured at higher redshifts, we use quasars as a complementary cosmic probe to measure cosmological distances at redshifts beyond those of SNe Ia and provide a model-independent method to determine $H_0$. In this work, we demonstrate a model-independent, joint constraint of SNe Ia, quasars, and time-delay distances from strong lensed quasars. We first generate mock data sets of SNe Ia, quasar, and time-delay distances based on a fiducial cosmological model. Then, we calibrate the quasar parameters model independently using Gaussian process (GP) regression with mock SNe Ia data. Finally, we determine the value of $H_0$ model-independently using GP regression from mock quasars and time-delay distances from strong lensing systems. As a comparison, we also show the $H_0$ results obtained from mock SNe Ia in combination with time-delay lensing systems whose redshifts overlap with SNe Ia. Our results show that quasars at higher redshifts show great potential to extend the redshift coverage of SNe Ia and thus enable the full use of strong lens time-delay distance measurements from ongoing cosmic surveys and improve the accuracy of the estimation of $H_0$ from $2.1\%$ to $1.3\%$ when the uncertainties of the time-delay distances are $5\%$ of the distance values.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Psychological health of the learner and school achievement- way forward 12-Aug-2023 09-41-19.pdf
Creators: name: Orji, Evelyn   Ijeoma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The school is an institution organized by the society to facilitate quality socialization and education of learners. Therefore, the school is prepared in its mission to help learners achieve their highest potential. However, this is not an easy task for educators, because according to Joshua (2020),…
Enhanced nonlocal effects in metamaterials with moderate-index inclusions
Creators: name: Rizza, Carlo
name: Galdi, Vincenzo
name: Ciattoni, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a class of multilayered metamaterials characterized by moderate-index inclusions and low average permittivity. Via first-principle calculations, we show that in such scenario first- and second-order spatial dispersion effects may exhibit a dramatic and non-resonant enhancement, and may become comparable to the local response. Their interplay gives access to a wealth of dispersion regimes encompassing additional extraordinary waves and topological phase transitions. In particular, we identify a novel configuration featuring bound and disconnected isofrequency contours. Since they do not rely on high-index inclusions, our proposed metamaterials may constitute an attractive and technologically viable platform for engineering nonlocal effects in the optical range.
description: The paper substantially advances the field of metamaterials since it suggests a feasible route to achieve a giant optical nonlocality without resorting to huge microscopic permittivities (generally lacking in the visible). The proposed structure triggers the competion between chirality and second-order nonlocality which is unprecedented due to their intrinsic differences
Displacement-field-tunable superconductivity in an inversion-symmetric twisted van der Waals heterostructure
Creators: name: Scammell, Harley D.
name: Scheurer, Mathias S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the superconducting properties of inversion-symmetric twisted trilayer graphene by considering different parent states, including spin-singlet, triplet, and SO(4) degenerate states, with or without nodal points. By placing transition metal dichalcogenide layers above and below twisted trilayer graphene, spin-orbit coupling is induced in TTLG and, due to inversion symmetry, the spin-orbit coupling does not spin-split the bands. The application of a displacement field ($D_0$) breaks the inversion symmetry and creates spin-splitting. We analyze the evolution of the superconducting order parameters in response to the combined spin-orbit coupling and $D_0$-induced spin-splitting. Utilizing symmetry analysis combined with both a direct numerical evaluation and a complementary analytical study of the gap equation, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the influence of spin-orbit coupling and $D_0$ on superconductivity. These results contribute to a better understanding of the superconducting order in twisted trilayer graphene.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Many body localization with long range interactions
Creators: name: Nandkishore, Rahul M.
name: Sondhi, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many body localization (MBL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for understanding non-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Folklore based on perturbative arguments holds that MBL only arises in systems with short range interactions. Here we advance non-perturbative arguments indicating that MBL can arise in systems with long range (Coulomb) interactions. In particular, we show using bosonization that MBL can arise in one dimensional systems with ~ r interactions, a problem that exhibits charge confinement. We also argue that (through the Anderson-Higgs mechanism) MBL can arise in two dimensional systems with log r interactions, and speculate that our arguments may even extend to three dimensional systems with 1/r interactions. Our arguments are `asymptotic' (i.e. valid up to rare region corrections), yet they open the door to investigation of MBL physics in a wide array of long range interacting systems where such physics was previously believed not to arise.
description: Expanded discussion of higher dimensions, updated references
Behind bone lines
Creators: name: Dharmshaktu, Ganesh Singh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320216
subject: Orthopaedics
classificationCode: 321399
subject: Paediatrics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 320507
subject: Metabolic medicine

description: An uncommo presentation of rickets in children is presented here for educational purpose in the form of a radiology based quiz
Order-by-disorder charge density wave condensation at $\mathbf{\textit{q} =(\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3})}$ in kagome metal ScV$_6$Sn$_6$
Creators: name: Subedi, Alaska
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of a charge density wave order at the wave vector $P$ $(\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3})$ in the kagome metal ScV$_6$Sn$_6$ has created a mystery because subsequent theoretical and experimental studies show a dominant phonon instability instead at another wave vector $H$ $(\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{2})$. In this paper, I use first principles total energy calculations to map out the landscape of the structural distortions due to the unstable phonon modes at $H$, $L$ $(\frac{1}{2},0,\frac{1}{2})$, and $P$ present in this material. In agreement with previous results, I find that the distortions due to the $H$ instability cause the largest gain in energy relative to the parent structure, followed in order by the $L$ and $P$ instabilities. However, only two distinct structure occur due to this instability, which are separated by 6 meV/f.u. The instability at $L$ results in three distinct structures separated in energy by 5 meV/f.u. In contrast, six different distorted structures are stabilized due to the instability at $P$, and they all lie within 2 meV/f.u.\ of each other. Hence, despite a lower energy gain, the condensation at $P$ could be favorable due to a larger entropy gain associated with the fluctuations within a manifold with larger multiplicity via the order-by-disorder mechanism.
description: Fix a typo; 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; crystal structure information are given in ancillary files
Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
Creators: name: Kaaret, Philip
name: Feng, Hua
name: Roberts, Timothy P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review observations of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). X-ray spectroscopic and timing studies of ULXs suggest a new accretion state distinct from those seen in Galactic stellar-mass black hole binaries. The detection of coherent pulsations indicates the presence of neutron-star accretors in three ULXs and therefore apparently super-Eddington luminosities. Optical and X-ray line profiles of ULXs and the properties of associated radio and optical nebulae suggest that ULXs produce powerful outflows, also indicative of super-Eddington accretion. We discuss models of super-Eddington accretion and their relation to the observed behaviors of ULXs. We review the evidence for intermediate mass black holes in ULXs. We consider the implications of ULXs for super-Eddington accretion in active galactic nuclei, heating of the early universe, and the origin of the black hole binary recently detected via gravitational waves.
description: 38 pages, to appear in Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Purification Dynamics in a Continuous-time Hybrid Quantum Circuit Model
Creators: name: Leontica, Sebastian
name: McGinley, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a continuous time model of many-body quantum dynamics based on infinitesimal random unitary operations, combined with projective measurements. We consider purification dynamics in this model, where the system is initialized in a mixed state, which then purifies over time as a result of the measurements. By mapping our model to a family of effective 1D quantum Hamiltonians, we are able to derive analytic expressions that capture how the entropy of the system decays in time. Our results confirm the existence of two distinct dynamical phases, where purification occurs over a timescale that is exponential vs. constant in system size. We compare our analytic expressions for this microscopic model to results derived from field theories that are expected to capture such measurement-induced phase transitions, and find quantitative agreement between the two.
Classification of Gamma-Ray Burst durations using robust model-comparison techniques
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Soham
name: Desai, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) have been conventionally bifurcated into two distinct categories dubbed "short" and "long", depending on whether their durations are less than or greater than two seconds respectively. However, many authors have pointed to the existence of a third class of GRBs with mean durations intermediate between the short and long GRBs. Here, we apply multiple model comparison techniques to verify these claims. For each category, we obtain the best-fit parameters by maximizing a likelihood function based on a weighted superposition of lognormal distributions. We then do model-comparison between each of these hypotheses by comparing the chi-square probabilities, Akaike Information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information criterion (BIC). We uniformly apply these techniques to GRBs from Swift (both observer and intrinsic frame), BATSE, BeppoSAX, and Fermi-GBM. We find that the Swift GRB distributions (in the observer frame) show evidence for three categories at about $2.4σ$ from difference in chi-squares and show decisive evidence in favor of the two components using both AIC and BIC. For all the other datasets, evidence for three components is either very marginal or not favored.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
STRIDE: Street View-based Environmental Feature Detection and Pedestrian Collision Prediction
Creators: name: González, Cristina
name: Ayobi, Nicolás
name: Escallón, Felipe
name: Baldovino-Chiquillo, Laura
name: Wilches-Mogollón, Maria
name: Pasos, Donny
name: Ramírez, Nicole
name: Pinzón, Jose
name: Sarmiento, Olga
name: Quistberg, D Alex
name: Arbeláez, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces a novel benchmark to study the impact and relationship of built environment elements on pedestrian collision prediction, intending to enhance environmental awareness in autonomous driving systems to prevent pedestrian injuries actively. We introduce a built environment detection task in large-scale panoramic images and a detection-based pedestrian collision frequency prediction task. We propose a baseline method that incorporates a collision prediction module into a state-of-the-art detection model to tackle both tasks simultaneously. Our experiments demonstrate a significant correlation between object detection of built environment elements and pedestrian collision frequency prediction. Our results are a stepping stone towards understanding the interdependencies between built environment conditions and pedestrian safety.
Ancient and Veteran Tree Ontology
Creators: name: Robins, Nigel A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ancient, Veteran, Trees, Oaks, wales, Landscape History, Historical Ecology, GIS, Wales, Swansea, Protege

description: An exploration of a potential Ancient and Veteran Tree Ontology to plan analysis protocols for future work. This is a screen grab from an OWL file using Protege Desktop. This version is based on woodland surveys in South Wales 2018-2022. The surveys covered ancient woodland, post-industrial woodland, eighteenth-century estate woodlands and urban-industrial woodlands. this ontology follows the concepts developed by Ingo Kowarik. For South Wales, the data collection confirms the increased significance of exotic or non-native species in estate and coalfield locations. Kowarik, Ingo. 2005. ‘Wild Urban Woodlands. Towards a Conceptual Framework’, in Wild Urban Woodlands (Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag), pp. 1–32 de Bont, Raf, and Jens Lachmund (eds.). 2017. Spatializing the History of Ecology: Sites, Journeys, Mappings (Abingdon: Routledge).
Mathematical Capabilities of ChatGPT
Creators: name: Frieder, Simon
name: Pinchetti, Luca
name: Chevalier, Alexis
name: Griffiths, Ryan-Rhys
name: Salvatori, Tommaso
name: Lukasiewicz, Thomas
name: Petersen, Philipp Christian
name: Berner, Julius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the mathematical capabilities of two iterations of ChatGPT (released 9-January-2023 and 30-January-2023) and of GPT-4 by testing them on publicly available datasets, as well as hand-crafted ones, using a novel methodology. In contrast to formal mathematics, where large databases of formal proofs are available (e.g., the Lean Mathematical Library), current datasets of natural-language mathematics, used to benchmark language models, either cover only elementary mathematics or are very small. We address this by publicly releasing two new datasets: GHOSTS and miniGHOSTS. These are the first natural-language datasets curated by working researchers in mathematics that (1) aim to cover graduate-level mathematics, (2) provide a holistic overview of the mathematical capabilities of language models, and (3) distinguish multiple dimensions of mathematical reasoning. These datasets also test whether ChatGPT and GPT-4 can be helpful assistants to professional mathematicians by emulating use cases that arise in the daily professional activities of mathematicians. We benchmark the models on a range of fine-grained performance metrics. For advanced mathematics, this is the most detailed evaluation effort to date. We find that ChatGPT can be used most successfully as a mathematical assistant for querying facts, acting as a mathematical search engine and knowledge base interface. GPT-4 can additionally be used for undergraduate-level mathematics but fails on graduate-level difficulty. Contrary to many positive reports in the media about GPT-4 and ChatGPT's exam-solving abilities (a potential case of selection bias), their overall mathematical performance is well below the level of a graduate student. Hence, if your goal is to use ChatGPT to pass a graduate-level math exam, you would be better off copying from your average peer!
description: Added further evaluations on another ChatGPT version and on GPT-4. The GHOSTS and miniGHOSTS datasets are available at https://github.com/xyfrieder/science-GHOSTS
Cyber Security Implications of Quantum Computing: Shor's Algorithm and Beyond
Creators: name: Mohammed, Anwar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 461307
subject: Quantum computation
classificationCode: 510803
subject: Quantum information, computation and communication

description: This study investigates the significant cybersecurity risks associated with quantum computing, particularly through Shor's Algorithm, which poses a threat to established encryption standards such as RSA and ECDSA in industries such as finance, government and healthcare. The goal of this review is to assess the extent to which “quantum key distribution (QKD)” and “post-quantum cryptography (PQC)” work as countermeasures against these quantum threats. It addresses gaps in existing literature by proposing resilient cryptographic protocols, emphasizing lattice-based and multivariate cryptography. Methodologically, the study employs a comprehensive literature review and integrates case studies from block chain, government communications, and healthcare to analyze vulnerabilities and proposed solutions. Results highlight the critical need for integrating quantum-safe cryptographic methods to ensure the security and resilience of digital infrastructures in an increasingly quantum-enabled landscape. Ultimately, while quantum computing offers transformative potential, proactive adoption of PQC and QKD is essential to mitigate risks and maintain secure communications amidst advancing quantum technologies. Keywords: Quantum computing, Shor's Algorithm, RSA, post-quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution (QKD), cybersecurity.
EU Status Quo Report on Student Engagement with Society
Creators: name: Buitrago Carvajal, Hugo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Student engagement with society is the students’ active participation in educational-based activities that contributes to addressing social challenges while generating benefits for the diverse internal and external stakeholders. Currently, student engagement with society is operationalised as scattered activities in higher education institutions. There are no established frameworks, dimensions, indicators, outcomes, impacts, or institutional strategies. Student engagement with society is framed in the rise of the third mission of higher education, understood as “social engagement”. Socially engaged universities are strategically positioned to deliver a range of societal contributions, benefits and impacts, aligned to society and business sector needs. For enhancing this mission, developing an institutional strategic approach to student engagement with society is a key challenge to address. Student engagement with society can be embedded in the institutions by applying national policies on higher education engagement or by developing targeted institutional policies (top-down approach), creating a dedicated institutional strategy or as part of the social engagement strategy or supporting bottom-up initiatives. Embedding student engagement with society requires collaboration among students; academics; staff; community, businesses, government representatives; and higher education managers to define shared goals and expected impacts, as well as to build capacities and support structures. Quality Assurance can contribute to embedding student engagement with society at an institutional level through the definition of frameworks and indicators, and the generation of data for informing the decision-making processes. For this purpose, there is a necessity for developing internal and external quality assurance tools that allow for following-up and benchmarking student engagement with society, since there are no tools or frameworks specialised in this dimension.