Sisyphus goryi Harold 1859
Creators: name: Daniel, Gimo M.
name: Davis, Adrian Lv.
name: Sole, Catherine L.
name: Scholtz, Clarke H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Sisyphus
Sisyphus goryi

description: <i>Sisyphus goryi</i> Harold 1859 (Figs. 5, 6D). Harold 1859:224; Harold 1869:984; Péringuey 1902:106–7; Kolbe 1914: 317; Arrow 1927:460; Haaf 1955:362–3; Ferreira 1972:797; Schäfer &amp; Fischer 2001:53–4; Schäfer &amp; Fischer 1992:121–2. <i>Sisyphus hirtus</i> Wiedeman, 1823 Wiedeman 1823:21; Gory 1833:14; Harold 1869:984; Arrow 1909:518–9; 1927:460; Haaf 1995:362–3; Schäfer &amp; Fischer 2001:53–4; Schäfer &amp; Fischer 1992:121–2. <i>S. pygmaeus</i> Dejean, 1837 Dejean 1837: 151; Klug, 1862:219; Harold 1869:984; Haaf 1955:362–3. <b>Type locality</b>: Senegal <b>Size</b>: Male: length: 7–4.0 mm, width: 3.4– 2.2 mm. Female: Length: 7.0– 3.9 mm, width: 3.1– 2.4 mm. <b>Diagnosis</b>: <i>S. goryi</i> is similar to <i>Sisyphus bicuariensis</i> <b>sp. n</b>. However, it differs by the uniform brown colour of the setae compared to the bicoloured setae in <i>S. bicuariensis</i> <b>sp. n</b>. The male genitalia of both species differ (Figs. <b>6</b> A, D). Furthermore, it should be noted that larger <i>S. goryi</i> specimens resemble those of <i>S. caffer.</i> However, <i>S. goryi</i> bears well-developed tufts of setae, which emanate from below the abdominal epipleurae (Fig. 5H) (&gt;10 single setae), which differ to those in <i>S. caffer</i> where the tufts consist of few single setae (&lt;10). <b>Examined non-type material</b>: See Supplementary information. <b>Morphological variation</b> <b>Head</b>. Antennal club varies in colour between brown or black. <b>Clypeus</b>. In some specimens, especially old ones, the lateral edge of the clypeus is worn completely smooth; the third indentation is absent; and the medial surface bears a metallic sheen. <b>Sternites</b>. Some populations are completely hairless on the latero-posterior edge of the mesosternum. <b>Pygidium</b>. Setae are evenly distributed in some individuals whereas in others they are arranged in a trident pattern. Populations from highlands and areas of shaded vegetation, such as Inyanga (Zimbabwe), Manyara (Tanzania) and Meru (Kenya) are distinctly larger in size and may, in some cases, resemble <i>S. caffer</i>. <b>Distribution</b>: <i>S. goryi</i> is widespread in the Afrotropical region and is associated with a great range of habitats from shaded to open vegetation. Moreover, it has been recorded at a range of different altitudes (Fig. 7). The geographical distribution and morphological variation suggest a species complex. However, as we could not access the type material of <i>S. goryi</i>, the putative species complex currently remains undetermined pending further study. <b>Remarks</b>: The original name of <i>Sisyphus hirtus</i> Gory, 1833, is preoccupied by <i>Sisyphus hirtus</i> Wiedmann, 1825 (Indian species). Gory’s junior homonym was, therefore, renamed as <i>Sisyphus goryi</i> Harold, 1859. Subsequently, Péringuey (1901) synonymized <i>S. caffer</i> Boheman, 1857, and <i>S. sordidus</i> Boheman, 1857, with <i>S. goryi,</i> whereas, Haaf (1955) and Ferreira (1972) synonymized <i>S. goryi</i> with <i>S. crispatus</i> Gory, 1833. Based on morphological and biogeographical evidence we have, here, revalidated <i>S. caffer</i>, <i>S. sordidus</i> and <i>S. goryi</i> following the unpublished revision of Paschalidis (1974).
description: Published as part of <i>Daniel, Gimo M., Davis, Adrian Lv., Sole, Catherine L. &amp; Scholtz, Clarke H., 2020, Taxonomic review of the tribe Sisyphini sensu stricto Mulsant, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in southern Africa, including new species descriptions, pp. 1-61 in Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution 51 (1)</i> on page 23, DOI: 10.1163/1876312X-00002195, http://zenodo.org/record/3786629
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