Rhinonycteridae J. E. Gray 1866
Creators: name: Foley, Nicole M.
name: Thong, Vu Dinh
name: Soisook, Pipat
name: Goodman, Steven M.
name: Armstrong, Kyle N.
name: Jacobs, David S.
name: Puechmaille, Sebastien J.
name: Teeling, Emma C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Metazoa
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinonycteridae

description: Family Rhinonycteridae J.E. Gray, 1866. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1866:81, new rank. Old World leaf-nosed bats. (= Rhinonycterina J.E. Gray 1866:81; including the Subfamily Rhinonycterinae J.E. Gray 1866:81 ; Tribe Rhinonycterini J.E. Gray 1866:81; Tribe Triaenopini Benda and Vallo 2009:33; Subtribe Rhinonycterina J.E. Gray 1866:81 (including [fossil taxa with <i>†</i>] <i>Rhinonicteris</i> J.E. Gray, 1847:16; <i>Cloeotis</i> Thomas 1901:28; <i>Triaenops</i> Dobson 1871:455; <i> <i>†</i> Brachipposideros Sige, 1968:83</i> ; <i> <i>†</i> Brevipalatus</i> Hand and Archer 2005:372; <i>Paratriaenops</i> Benda and Vallo 2009:31.) <i>Type Genus—</i> Rhinonicteris <i>J.E. Gray, 1847</i> Type genus is <i>Rhinonicteris</i> J.E. Gray, 1847:16, which was included in J.E. Gray’s (1866:81) supra-generic grouping, the Rhinonycterina, which he called “leaf-nosed bats”. Correct generic spelling was discussed by Simmons (2005:378) and resolved by Armstrong (2006), see also Mahoney and Walton (1988:127) (see derivato nominis section of the supplementary information for further discussion). <i>Description and Diagnosis of the Family Rhinonycteridae</i> The soft part characters of the rhinarium (noseleaf) outlined here are derived largely from Gray (1845) and Hill (1982), with verification of specimens in The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). The Family Rhinonycteridae, Old World leaf-nosed bats, as diagnosed here, possess the following combination of five principal features of the rhinarium observable in extant species (reference specimens include <i>Cleotis percivali</i> [BMNH 56.550], <i>Paratriaenops furculus</i> [BMNH 78.185], <i>Rhinonicteris aurantia</i> [BMNH 57.10.24.10], and <i>Triaenops persicus</i> [BMNH 72.4372]): 1) having a sella (strap-like projection) extending forward from the internarial region of the anterior portion of the rhinarium, which distinguishes them from their closest relatives in the Hipposideridae Lydekker, <i>in</i> Flower and Lydekker,1891:657; 2) anterior rhinarium is deeply emarginate medianly, more so than in the Rhinolophidae (Gray, 1825:242) (see illustrations in Hill [1982] and Benda and Vallo [2009]; cf. Csorba et al. 2003); 3) strongly cellularized (more so than members of the Hipposideridae) and multipocketed posterior rhinarium; 4) either with (<i>Cleotis</i>, <i>Paratriaenops,</i> and <i>Triaenops</i>) or without (<i>Rhinonicteris</i>) a trident-like projection oriented dorsally and originating from the caudal margin (these are structurally different from the three reduced projections in the genus <i>Asellia</i>); and 5) a compressed longitudinal process originating from the intermediate rhinarium between the nares and central cellular pocket. For further descriptions and illustrations, see the following: Gray (1866); Dobson (1878); Hill (1982); and Benda and Vallo (2009). The Rhinonycteridae are further distinguished from Hipposideridae by a 128-bp retrotransposon insertion in the <i>THY</i> gene fragment. The Rhinonycteridae differ from the Nycteridae, Van der Hoeven, 1855:1028 and Megadermatidae, H. Allen, 1864:1 based on noseleaf structure (as described above; see descriptions of the latter in Tate [1941a, 1941b] and Koopman [1994]) and by having ears that are separate, not enlarged and lacking a tragus. Like the Hipposideridae, members of the Rhinonycteridae differ from the Rhinolophidae, by having two pedal phalanges rather than three, and they lack a P 3. Craniodental features of extinct and extant Rhinonycteridae show considerable variation, and the examination of relevant specimens and literature does not reveal characters that diagnose members of the Rhinonycteridae from all other rhinolophoids or from the members of the Hipposideridae; see Sige et al. (1982) and Hand and Archer (2005) for combinations of features that distinguish fossil members of the Rhinonycteridae from members of the Hipposideridae; these differences are not necessarily unique to the Rhinonycteridae. Both the Rhinonycteridae and Hipposideridae differ in terms of their echolocation call structure from the Rhinolophidae, emitting typical pulse durations of around 15 ms or less in “search mode”, compared with <b>4</b> 30 ms search mode calls produced by members of the Rhinolophidae.
description: Published as part of <i>Foley, Nicole M., Thong, Vu Dinh, Soisook, Pipat, Goodman, Steven M., Armstrong, Kyle N., Jacobs, David S., Puechmaille, Sebastien J. &amp; Teeling, Emma C., 2014, How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats, pp. 313-333 in Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (2)</i> on page 319, DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu329, http://zenodo.org/record/3760492
description: {"references": ["Gray J. 1866. A revision of the genera of Rhinolophidae, or horseshoe bats. Proc Zool Soc Lond. 1866: 81 - 83.", "Benda P, Vallo P. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the genus Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) with description of a new species from southern Arabia and definitions of a new genus and tribe. Folia Zool. 58: 1 - 45.", "Sige B. 1968. Les chiropteres du Miocene inferieur de Bouzigues. I. Etude systematique. Paleovertebrata 1: 65 - 133.", "Hand S, Archer M. 2005. A new hipposiderid genus (Microchiroptera) from an early Miocene bat community in Australia. Palaeontology 48: 371 - 383.", "Simmons NB. 2005. Order chiroptera. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM, editors. Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 312 - 529.", "Armstrong KN. 2006. Resolving the correct nomenclature of the orange leaf-nosed bat Rhinonicteris aurantia (Gray, 1845) (Hipposideridae). Aust Mammal. 28: 125 - 130.", "Mahoney J, Walton D. 1988. Hipposideridae. In: Bannister JL, Calaby JH, Dawson LJ, Ling JK, Mahoney JA, McKay GM, Richardson BJ, Ride WDL, Walton DW, editors. Hipposideridae. Zoological catalogue of Australia Vol. 5124 - 127.", "Gray J. 1845. In: Eyre E, editor, Description of some new Australian animals, p 405 - 411.", "Hill J. 1982. A review of the leaf-nosed bats Rhinonycteris, Cloeotis and Triaenops (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae). Bonn Zool Beitr. 33: 165 - 186.", "Flower WH, Lydekker R 1891. An introduction to the study of mammals, living and extinct. London: Adam and Charles Black.", "Csorba G, Ujhelyi P, Thomas N 2003. Horseshoe bats of the World. Shropshire UK: Alana Books.", "Dobson GE. 1878. Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum.", "Tate GHH. 1941 a. Results of the Archbold Expeditions No. 36. Remarks on some Old World leaf-nosed Bats. Am Mus Novit. 1140: 1 - 11.", "Tate GHH. 1941 b. Results of the Archbold Expeditions No. 35. A review of the genus Hipposideros with special reference to Indo-Australian species. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 73: 353 - 393.", "Koopman KF. 1994. Chiroptera: Systematics. In: Andreas S-R, editor. Handbook of zoology. Berlin (Germany): Walter de Gruyter. p. 1 - 217.", "Sige B, Hand S, Archer M. 1982. An Australian Miocene Brachipposideros (Mammalia, Chiroptera) related to Miocene representatives from France. Palaeovertebrata 12: 149 - 171."]}