cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MHD modeling of coronal loops: injection of high-speed chromospheric flows
Creators: name: Petralia, A.
name: Reale, F.
name: Orlando, S.
name: Klimchuk, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations reveal a correspondence between chromospheric type II spicules and bright upwardly moving fronts in the corona observed in the EUV band. However, theoretical considerations suggest that these flows are unlikely to be the main source of heating in coronal magnetic loops. We investigate the propagation of high-speed chromospheric flows into coronal magnetic flux tubes, and the possible production of emission in the EUV band. We simulate the propagation of a dense $10^4$ K chromospheric jet upwards along a coronal loop, by means of a 2-D cylindrical MHD model, including gravity, radiative losses, thermal conduction and magnetic induction. The jet propagates in a complete atmosphere including the chromosphere and a tenuous cool ($\sim 0.8$ MK) corona, linked through a steep transition region. In our reference model, the jet's initial speed is 70 km/s, its initial density is $10^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$, and the ambient uniform magnetic field is 10 G. We explore also other values of jet speed and density in 1-D, and of magnetic field in 2-D, and the jet propagation in a hotter ($\sim 1.5$ MK) background loop. While the initial speed of the jet does not allow it to reach the loop apex, a hot shock front develops ahead of it and travels to the other extreme of the loop. The shock front compresses the coronal plasma and heats it to about $10^6$ K. As a result, a bright moving front becomes visible in the 171 Å channel of the SDO/AIA mission. This result generally applies to all the other explored cases, except for the propagation in the hotter loop. For a cool, low-density initial coronal loop, the post-shock plasma ahead of upward chromospheric flows might explain at least part of the observed correspondence between type II spicules and EUV emission excess.
description: 10 pages; 8 figures, accepted for publication on A&A
Big Machinery Data Preprocessing Methodology for Data-Driven Models in Prognostics and Health Management
Creators: name: Cofre-Martel, Sergio
name: Lopez Droguett, Enrique
name: Modarres, Mohammad
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: data preprocessing
machinery data
big data
monitoring sensor data
data reduction
machine learning
deep learning
diagnosis
prognostics and health management

description: Sensor monitoring networks and advances in big data analytics have guided the reliability engineering landscape to a new era of big machinery data. Low-cost sensors, along with the evolution of the internet of things and industry 4.0, have resulted in rich databases that can be analyzed through prognostics and health management (PHM) frameworks. Several data-driven models (DDMs) have been proposed and applied for diagnostics and prognostics purposes in complex systems. However, many of these models are developed using simulated or experimental data sets, and there is still a knowledge gap for applications in real operating systems. Furthermore, little attention has been given to the required data preprocessing steps compared to the training processes of these DDMs. Up to date, research works do not follow a formal and consistent data preprocessing guideline for PHM applications. This paper presents a comprehensive step-by-step pipeline for the preprocessing of monitoring data from complex systems aimed for DDMs. The importance of expert knowledge is discussed in the context of data selection and label generation. Two case studies are presented for validation, with the end goal of creating clean data sets with healthy and unhealthy labels that are then used to train machinery health state classifiers.
On the Mechanism and Kinetics of Synthesizing Polymer Nanogels by Ionizing Radiation-Induced Intramolecular Crosslinking of Macromolecules
Creators: name: Ashfaq, Aiysha
name: An, Jung-Chul
name: Ulański, Piotr
name: Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: nanogels
ionizing radiation
intramolecular crosslinking
radiation induced synthesis nanogels

description: Nanogels—internally crosslinked macromolecules—have a growing palette of potential applications, including as drug, gene or radioisotope nanocarriers and as in vivo signaling molecules in modern diagnostics and therapy. This has triggered considerable interest in developing new methods for their synthesis. The procedure based on intramolecular crosslinking of polymer radicals generated by pulses of ionizing radiation has many advantages. The substrates needed are usually simple biocompatible polymers and water. This eliminates the use of monomers, chemical crosslinking agents, initiators, surfactants, etc., thus limiting potential problems with the biocompatibility of products. This review summarizes the basics of this method, providing background information on relevant aspects of polymer solution thermodynamics, radiolysis of aqueous solutions, generation and reactions of polymer radicals, and the non-trivial kinetics and mechanism of crosslinking, focusing on the main factors influencing the outcomes of the radiation synthesis of nanogels: molecular weight of the starting polymer, its concentration, irradiation mode, absorbed dose of ionizing radiation and temperature. The most important techniques used to perform the synthesis, to study the kinetics and mechanism of the involved reactions, and to assess the physicochemical properties of the formed nanogels are presented. Two select important cases, the synthesis of nanogels based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and/or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), are discussed in more detail. Examples of recent application studies on radiation-synthesized PVP and PAA nanogels in transporting drugs across the blood–brain barrier and as targeted radioisotope carriers in nanoradiotherapy are briefly described.
Magnetic fields in fully convective M-dwarfs: oscillatory dynamos vs bistability
Creators: name: Kitchatinov, L. L.
name: Moss, D.
name: Sokoloff, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: M-dwarfs demonstrate two types of activity: 1) strong (kilogauss) almost axisymmetric poloidal magnetic fields; and 2) considerably weaker nonaxisymmetric fields, sometimes including a substantial toroidal component. Dynamo bistability has been proposed as an explanation. However it is not straightforward to obtain such a bistability in dynamo models. On the other hand, the solar magnetic dipole at times of magnetic field inversion becomes transverse to the rotation axis, while the magnetic field becomes weaker at times far from that of inversion. Thus the Sun resembles a star with the second type of activity. We suggest that M-dwarfs can have magnetic cycles, and that M-dwarfs with the second type of activity can just be stars observed at times of magnetic field inversion. Then the relative number of M-dwarfs with the second type of activity can be used in the framework of this model to determine parameters of stellar convection near the surface.
Edward Arthur Boyse - Bibliography from EDWARD ARTHUR BOYSE. 11 August 1923 — 14 July 2007
Creators: name: Bard, Judith
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Edward Boyse was the consummate scientist. His interest was piqued by the unique, the undeveloped and the unthought of. When an area of study gained widespread attention, he moved on. The development of the field of cell surface immunogenetics, of which he was master, relied heavily on the use of Boyse's congenic mouse strains, and on his improved methods for reliable serology. He founded the new discipline of odourtype genetics, revealing how immunohaplotypes were involved in assortative mating and related behaviours, thus promoting heterozygosity. He pioneered the now crowded field of cord-blood cryopreservation and transplantation, conducting the first laboratory studies in mice and assembling the clinical team that performed the first human cord-blood transplant. An educator and protector of graduate students, he instilled rigorous scientific discipline while broadening horizons. Boyse was a pilot in World War II, a physician, a biomedical innovator and a demon squash player. A lover of classical music (which love he transmitted to his children) and the Beatles (love of which they transmitted to him), he strenuously avoided both the intellectually self-absorbed and the ostentatiously populist. In leisure, he flew, hiked, ran, biked and, periodically, upholstered. Wit, generosity and loyalty were the most prominent features of his unique personality.
Connettere natura, luoghi, persone
Creators: name: Favilli, Filippo
name: Pilati, Alessia
Publisher: name: Eurac Research
Year: 2023

description: Il sistema Natura necessita di connessioni fisiche tra gli ecosistemi per mantenere il continuum spaziale. Da queste – infatti – dipende il suo stato di salute, e di conseguenza il nostro, attraverso quelli che vengono chiamati “servizi ecosistemici”. Il progetto europeo EuBIOCOR si occupa di creare corridoi di biodiversità.
Photodynamic Priming Improves the Anti-Migratory Activity of Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 Antagonist in Cancer Cells In Vitro
Creators: name: Sorrin, Aaron J.
name: Liu, Cindy
name: Cicalo, Julia
name: Reader, Jocelyn
name: Najafali, Daniel
name: Zhang, Yuji
name: Roque, Dana M.
name: Huang, Huang-Chiao
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: prostaglandin inhibitor
photoimmunotherapy
antibody-drug conjugate
ovarian cancer
photodynamic therapy

description: The combination of photodynamic agents and biological inhibitors is rapidly gaining attention for its promise and approval in treating advanced cancer. The activity of photodynamic treatment is mainly governed by the formation of reactive oxygen species upon light activation of photosensitizers. Exposure to reactive oxygen species above a threshold dose can induce cellular damage and cancer cell death, while the surviving cancer cells are “photodynamically primed”, or sensitized, to respond better to other drugs and biological treatments. Here, we report a new combination regimen of photodynamic priming (PDP) and prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) inhibition that reduces the migration and invasion of two human ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-5 and CAOV3) in vitro. PDP is achieved by red light activation of the FDA-approved photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD), or a chemical conjugate composed of the BPD linked to cetuximab, an anti-epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody. Immunoblotting data identify co-inhibition of EGFR, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) as key in the signaling cascades modulated by the combination of EGFR-targeted PDP and EP4 inhibition. This study provides valuable insights into the development of a molecular-targeted photochemical strategy to improve the anti-metastatic effects of EP4 receptor antagonists.
Interstellar Absorption Lines in the Direction of the Cataclysmic Variable SS Cygni
Creators: name: Ritchey, Adam M.
name: Wallerstein, George
name: McKeever, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of interstellar absorption lines in high-resolution optical echelle spectra of SS Cyg obtained during an outburst in 2013 June and in archival Hubble Space Telescope and Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer data. The Ca II K and Na I D lines toward SS Cyg are compared with those toward nearby B and A stars in an effort to place constraints on the distance to SS Cyg. We find that the distance constraints are not very robust from this method due to the rather slow increase in neutral gas column density with distance and the scatter in the column densities from one sight line to another. However, the optical absorption-line measurements allow us to derive a precise estimate for the line-of-sight reddening of E(B-V) = 0.020+/-0.005 mag. Furthermore, our analysis of the absorption lines of O I, Si II, P II, and Fe II seen in the UV spectra yields an estimate of the H I column density and depletion strength in this direction.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in PASP
Arm locking for space-based laser interferometry gravitational wave observatories
Creators: name: Yu, Yinan
name: Mitryk, Shawn
name: Mueller, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser frequency stabilization is a critical part of the interferometry measurement system of space-based gravitational wave observatories such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Arm locking as a proposed frequency stabilization technique, transfers the stability of the long arm lengths to the laser frequency. The arm locking sensor synthesizes an adequately filtered linear combination of the inter-spacecraft phase measurements to estimate the laser frequency noise, which can be used to control the laser frequency. At the University of Florida we developed the hardware-based University of Florida LISA Interferometer Simulator (UFLIS) to study and verify laser frequency noise reduction and suppression techniques under realistic LISA-like conditions. These conditions include the variable Doppler shifts between the spacecraft, LISA-like signal travel times, optical transponders, realistic laser frequency and timing noise. We review the different types of arm locking sensors and discuss their expected performance in LISA. The presented results are supported by results obtained during experimental studies of arm locking under relevant LISA-like conditions. We measured the noise suppression as well as initial transients and frequency pulling in the presence of Doppler frequency errors. This work has demonstrated the validity and \ feasibility of arm locking in LISA.
description: 18 pages
Beyond Operational Energy Efficiency: A Balanced Sustainability Index from a Life Cycle Consideration
Creators: name: Hu, Ming
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: sustainability index
life cycle consideration
operational energy efficiency

description: Most deep energy renovation projects focus only on an operating energy reduction and disregard the added embodied energy derived from adding insulation, window/door replacement, and mechanical system replacement or upgrades. It is important to study and address the balance and trade-offs between reduced operating energy and added embodied energy from a whole life cycle perspective to reduce the overall building carbon footprint. However, the added embodied energy and related environmental impact have not been studied extensively. In response to this need, this paper proposes a holistic sustainability index that balances the trade-off between reduced operating energy and added embodied energy. Eight case projects are used to validate the proposed method and calculation. The findings demonstrate that using a balanced sustainability index can reveal results different from a conventional operating energy-centric approach: (a) operating energy savings can be offset by the embodied energy gain, (b) the operating energy savings do not always result in a life cycle emissions reduction, and (c) the sustainability index can vary depending on the priorities the decision makers give to operating carbon, embodied carbon, and operating cost. Overall, the proposed sustainability score can provide us with a more comprehensive understanding of how sustainable the renovation works are from a life cycle carbon emissions perspective, providing a more robust estimation of global warming potential related to building renovation.
The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: galaxy clustering measurements in the low redshift sample of Data Release 11
Creators: name: Tojeiro, Rita
name: Ross, Ashley J.
name: Burden, Angela
name: Samushia, Lado
name: Manera, Marc
name: Percival, Will J.
name: Beutler, Florian
name: Cuesta, Antonio J.
name: Dawson, Kyle
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Ho, Shirley
name: Howett, Cullan
name: McBride, Cameron K.
name: Montesano, Francisco
name: Parejko, John K.
name: Reid, Beth
name: Sánchez, Ariel G.
name: Schlegel, David J.
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Tinker, Jeremy L.
name: Magaña, Mariana Vargas
name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the distance measurement to z = 0.32 using the 11th data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Survey (BOSS). We use 313,780 galaxies of the low-redshift (LOWZ) sample over 7,341 square-degrees to compute $D_V = (1264 \pm 25)(r_d/r_{d,fid})$ - a sub 2% measurement - using the baryon acoustic feature measured in the galaxy two-point correlation function and power-spectrum. We compare our results to those obtained in DR10. We study observational systematics in the LOWZ sample and quantify potential effects due to photometric offsets between the northern and southern Galactic caps. We find the sample to be robust to all systematic effects found to impact on the targeting of higher-redshift BOSS galaxies, and that the observed north-south tensions can be explained by either limitations in photometric calibration or by sample variance, and have no impact on our final result. Our measurement, combined with the baryonic acoustic scale at z = 0.57, is used in Anderson et al. (2013a) to constrain cosmological parameters.
description: 17 pages. Submitted to MNRAS
Google Street View-Derived Neighborhood Characteristics in California Associated with Coronary Heart Disease, Hypertension, Diabetes
Creators: name: Nguyen, Thu T.
name: Nguyen, Quynh C.
name: Rubinsky, Anna D.
name: Tasdizen, Tolga
name: Deligani, Amir Hossein Nazem
name: Dwivedi, Pallavi
name: Whitaker, Ross
name: Fields, Jessica D.
name: DeRouen, Mindy C.
name: Mane, Heran
name: Lyles, Courtney R.
name: Brunisholz, Kim D.
name: Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: built environment
Google Street View
chronic conditions
computer vision
electronic health records

description: Characteristics of the neighborhood built environment influence health and health behavior. Google Street View (GSV) images may facilitate measures of the neighborhood environment that are meaningful, practical, and adaptable to any geographic boundary. We used GSV images and computer vision to characterize neighborhood environments (green streets, visible utility wires, and dilapidated buildings) and examined cross-sectional associations with chronic health outcomes among patients from the University of California, San Francisco Health system with outpatient visits from 2015 to 2017. Logistic regression models were adjusted for patient age, sex, marital status, race/ethnicity, insurance status, English as preferred language, assignment of a primary care provider, and neighborhood socioeconomic status of the census tract in which the patient resided. Among 214,163 patients residing in California, those living in communities in the highest tertile of green streets had 16–29% lower prevalence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes compared to those living in communities in the lowest tertile. Conversely, a higher presence of visible utility wires overhead was associated with 10–26% more coronary artery disease and hypertension, and a higher presence of dilapidated buildings was associated with 12–20% greater prevalence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes. GSV images and computer vision models can be used to understand contextual factors influencing patient health outcomes and inform structural and place-based interventions to promote population health.
Spherical gravitational collapse in 5D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sushant G.
name: Jhingan, Sanjay
name: Deshkar, D. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a spherical gravitational collapse of inhomogeneous dust (and null dust) in Einstein gravity with the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) combination of quadratic curvature terms. It turns out that the presence of the coupling constant of the GB terms $α> 0$ completely changes the causal structure of the singularities from the analogous general relativistic case. The gravitational collapse of inhomogeneous dust in the five-dimensional GB extended Einstein equations leads to formation of a massive, but weak, timelike singularity which is forbidden in general relativity. The apparent horizons of two different collapsing solutions show interesting mathematical similarity.
description: 4 pages, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gravitation and Cosmology, 14-19 December (2011), Goa, INDIA
Concordance Cosmology with Particle Creation
Creators: name: Carneiro, Saulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A constant-rate creation of dark particles in the late-time FLRW spacetime provides a cosmological model in accordance with precise observational tests. The matter creation backreaction implies in this context a vacuum energy density scaling linearly with the Hubble parameter, which is consistent with the vacuum expectation value of the QCD condensate in a low-energy expanding spacetime. Both the cosmological constant and coincidence problems are alleviated in this scenario. We discuss the cosmological model that arises in this context and present a joint analysis of observations of the first acoustic peak in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy spectrum, the Hubble diagram for supernovas of type Ia (SNIa), the distance scale of baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) and the distribution of large scale structures (LSS). We show that a good concordance is obtained, albeit with a higher value of the present matter abundance than in the standard model.
description: Presented at "Spanish Relativity Meeting" (ERE2012) and "Relativity and Gravitation: 100 years after Einstein in Prague" (Prague, 2012)
Insights from Initial Variant Detection by Sequencing Single Sperm in Cattle
Creators: name: Yang, Liu
name: Gao, Yahui
name: Boschiero, Clarissa
name: Li, Li
name: Zhang, Hongping
name: Ma, Li
name: Liu, George E.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: cattle
single sperm sequencing
de novo mutation
variant detection

description: Meiotic de novo mutation (DNM) is one of the important phenomena contributing to gamete genome diversity. However, except for humans and a few model organisms, they are not well studied in livestock, including cattle. Moreover, bulk sperm samples have been routinely utilized in experiments, which include millions of single sperm cells and only report high-frequency variants. In this study, we isolated and sequenced 143 single sperms from two Holstein bulls and identified hundreds of candidate DNM events in ten sperms with deep sequencing coverage. We estimated DNM rates ranging from 1.08 × 10−8 to 3.78 × 10−8 per nucleotide per generation. We further validated 12 out of 14 selected DNM events using Sanger sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first single sperm whole-genome sequencing effort in livestock, which provided useful information for future studies of point mutations and male fertility. Our preliminary results pointed out future research directions and highlighted the importance of uniform whole genome amplification, deep sequence coverage, and dedicated software pipelines for genetic variant detection using single-cell sequencing data.
Dark-bright Solitons and their Lattices in Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Yan, D.
name: Tsitoura, F.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Frantzeskakis, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present contribution, we explore a host of different stationary states, namely dark-bright solitons and their lattices, that arise in the context of multi-component atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. The latter, are modeled by systems of coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations with general interaction (nonlinearity) coefficients $g_{ij}$. It is found that in some particular parameter ranges such solutions can be obtained in analytical form, however, numerically they are computed as existing in a far wider parametric range. Many features of the solutions under study, such as their analytical form without the trap or the stability/dynamical properties of one dark-bright soliton even in the presence of the trap are obtained analytically and corroborated numerically. Additional features, such as the stability of soliton lattice homogeneous states or their existence/stability in the presence of the trap, are examined numerically.
description: 15 Pages, 11 figures
Sample-Based Estimation of Tree Cover Change in Haiti Using Aerial Photography: Substantial Increase in Tree Cover between 2002 and 2010
Creators: name: Rodrigues-Eklund, Gabriela
name: Hansen, Matthew C.
name: Tyukavina, Alexandra
name: Stehman, Stephen V.
name: Hubacek, Klaus
name: Baiocchi, Giovanni
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: Haiti
deforestation
land cover and land use change
tree cover
forest cover

description: Recent studies have used high resolution imagery to estimate tree cover and changes in natural forest cover in Haiti. However, there is still no rigorous quantification of tree cover change accounting for planted or managed trees, which are very important in Haiti’s farming systems. We estimated net tree cover change, gross loss, and gross gain in Haiti between 2002 and 2010 from a stratified random sample of 400 pixels with a systematic sub-sample of 25 points. Using 30 cm and 1 m resolution images, we classified land cover at each point, with any point touching a woody plant higher than 5 m classified as tree crown. We found a net increase in tree crown cover equivalent to 5.0 ± 2.3% (95% confidence interval) of Haiti’s land area. Gross gains and losses amounted to 9.0 ± 2.1% and 4.0 ± 1.3% of the territory, respectively. These results challenge, for the first time with empirical evidence, the predominant narrative that portrays Haiti as experiencing ongoing forest or tree cover loss. The net gain in tree cover quantified here represents a 35% increase from 2002 to 2010. Further research is needed to determine the drivers of this substantial net gain in tree cover at the national scale.
Soft Confinement for Polymer Solutions
Creators: name: Oya, Yutaka
name: Kawakatsu, Toshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: As a model of soft confinement for polymers, we investigated equilibrium shapes of a flexible vesicle that contains a phase-separating polymer solution. To simulate such a system, we combined the phase field theory (PFT) for the vesicle and the self-consistent field theory (SCFT) for the polymer solution. We observed a transition from a symmetric prolate shape of the vesicle to an asymmetric pear shape induced by the domain structure of the enclosed polymer solution. Moreover, when a non-zero spontaneous curvature of the vesicle is introduced, a re-entrant transition between the prolate and the dumbbell shapes of the vesicle is observed. This re-entrant transition is explained by considering the competition between the loss of conformational entropy and that of translational entropy of polymer chains due to the confinement by the deformable vesicle. This finding is in accordance with the recent experimental result reported by Terasawa, et al.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Combining epigenome and genetic mutation data from GWAS for the study of disease-relevant cell types
Creators: name: Mallak, Ahlam
name: Hecker, Dennis
name: Schulz, Marcel H.
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2022

description: Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) revealed the fact that most Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) appear in non-coding genomic regions. However, the relevant cell types and the mechanisms in which these mutations are linked to a certain phenotype remain complicated to unravel using GWAS alone.

 Various studies have found that pre-defined functional categories such as cell-type specific enhancers are enriched in mutations related to disease etiology. However, untangling the intricacy behind the contribution of a multitude of cell types requires sophisticated methods that are able to address both overlap and correlation.

 We have created a pipeline using Stratified LD-Score Regression (S-LDSC), an established method to partition genetic heritability, to compute heritability enrichment of genomic functional categories or gene sets. This pipeline uses a large set of cardiovascular epigenome data to determine cell-type-specific enhancer-gene interactions. We show how disease GWAS summary statistics, epigenome measurements, and single-cell expression data from patients can be combined to estimate cell-type-specific contributions to different cardiovascular diseases.

 In this work, we illustrate our approach with an in-depth analysis of GWAS summary statistics of various cardiovascular conditions along with 66 functional categories collected from 45 different cell types. Our results reveal novel and already established links between cardiovascular cell types to diseases such as coronary artery disease or ischemic stroke.
The Keplerian orbit of G2
Creators: name: Meyer, L.
name: Ghez, A. M.
name: Witzel, G.
name: Do, T.
name: Phifer, K.
name: Sitarski, B. N.
name: Morris, M. R.
name: Boehle, A.
name: Yelda, S.
name: Lu, J. R.
name: Becklin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give an update of the observations and analysis of G2 - the gaseous red emission-line object that is on a very eccentric orbit around the Galaxy's central black hole and predicted to come within 2400 Rs in early 2014. During 2013, the laser guide star adaptive optics systems on the W. M. Keck I and II telescopes were used to obtain three epochs of spectroscopy and imaging at the highest spatial resolution currently possible in the near-IR. The updated orbital solution derived from radial velocities in addition to Br-Gamma line astrometry is consistent with our earlier estimates. Strikingly, even ~6 months before pericenter passage there is no perceptible deviation from a Keplerian orbit. We furthermore show that a proposed "tail" of G2 is likely not associated with it but is rather an independent gas structure. We also show that G2 does not seem to be unique, since several red emission-line objects can be found in the central arcsecond. Taken together, it seems more likely that G2 is ultimately stellar in nature, although there is clearly gas associated with it.
description: Proceedings of IAU Symposium #303, "The Galactic Center: Feeding and Feedback in a Normal Galactic Nucleus"; 2013 September 30 - October 4, Santa Fe New Mexico (USA)
Persistence of Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on Baby Spinach Subjected to Temperature Abuse after Exposure to Sub-Lethal Stresses
Creators: name: Chen, Zhao
name: Meng, Jianghong
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: Salmonella enterica
leafy green
temperature abuse
sub-lethal stress
cross-protection
surrogate
mathematical modeling

description: The exposure of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella enterica to a sub-lethal stress may protect bacterial cells against distinct stresses during the production of leafy greens, which can constitute potential health hazards to consumers. In this study, we evaluated how the prior exposure of S. enterica to sub-lethal food processing-related stresses influenced its subsequent persistence on baby spinach under cold (4 °C for 7 days) and temperature abuse (37 °C for 2 h + 4 °C for 7 days) conditions. We also compared the survival characteristics of pre-stressed S. enterica and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 as its surrogate on baby spinach. A cocktail of three S. enterica serovars, as well as S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 wild type and its ΔrpoS mutant, and E. faecium NRRL B-2354, was first exposed to sub-lethal desiccation, oxidation, heat shock, and acid stresses. Afterward, baby spinach was inoculated with unstressed or pre-stressed cells at 7.0 log CFU/sample unit, followed by 7-day storage under cold and temperature abuse conditions. The unstressed S. enterica (fresh cells in sterile 0.85% saline) decreased rapidly within the first day and thereafter persisted around 5.5 log CFU/sample unit under both conditions. The desiccation-stressed S. enterica showed the highest bacterial counts (p < 0.05) compared to other conditions. The unstressed S. enterica survived better (p < 0.05) than the oxidation- and acid-stressed S. enterica, while there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the unstressed and heat-shocked S. enterica. Unlike the wild type, temperature abuse did not lead to the enhanced survival of the ΔrpoS mutant after exposure to desiccation stress, indicating that the rpoS gene could play a critical role in the persistence of desiccation-stressed S. enterica subjected to temperature abuse. E. faecium NRRL B-2354 was more persistent (p < 0.05) than the pre-stressed S. enterica under both conditions, suggesting its use as a suitable surrogate for pre-stressed S. enterica by providing a sufficient safety margin. Our results demonstrate the merit of considering the prior exposure of foodborne pathogens to sub-lethal stresses when validating the storage conditions for leafy greens.
Observational cosmology and the cosmic distance-duality relation
Creators: name: Jhingan, S
name: Jain, D
name: Nair, R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the validity of cosmic distance duality relation between angular diameter and luminosity distances. To test this duality relation we use the latest Union2 Supernovae Type Ia (SNe Ia) data for estimating the luminosity distance. The estimation of angular diameter distance comes from the samples of galaxy clusters (real and mock) and FRIIb radio galaxies. We parameterize the distance duality relation as a function of redshift in four different ways and we find that the mock data set, which assumes a spherical isothermal $β$ model for the galaxy clusters does not accommodate the distance duality relation while the real data set which assumes elliptical $β$ model does.
description: 4 pages, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gravitation and Cosmology, 14-19 December (2011), Goa, INDIA
Quantifying the Spatial Variability of Annual and Seasonal Changes in Riverscape Vegetation Using Drone Laser Scanning
Creators: name: Resop, Jonathan P.
name: Lehmann, Laura
name: Hession, W. Cully
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: UAVs
lidar
streams
canopy height
roughness
vegetation density
change detection

description: Riverscapes are complex ecosystems consisting of dynamic processes influenced by spatially heterogeneous physical features. A critical component of riverscapes is vegetation in the stream channel and floodplain, which influences flooding and provides habitat. Riverscape vegetation can be highly variable in size and structure, including wetland plants, grasses, shrubs, and trees. This vegetation variability is difficult to precisely measure over large extents with traditional surveying tools. Drone laser scanning (DLS), or UAV-based lidar, has shown potential for measuring topography and vegetation over large extents at a high resolution but has yet to be used to quantify both the temporal and spatial variability of riverscape vegetation. Scans were performed on a reach of Stroubles Creek in Blacksburg, VA, USA six times between 2017 and 2019. Change was calculated both annually and seasonally over the two-year period. Metrics were derived from the lidar scans to represent different aspects of riverscape vegetation: height, roughness, and density. Vegetation was classified as scrub or tree based on the height above ground and 604 trees were manually identified in the riverscape, which grew on average by 0.74 m annually. Trees had greater annual growth and scrub had greater seasonal variability. Height and roughness were better measures of annual growth and density was a better measure of seasonal variability. The results demonstrate the advantage of repeat surveys with high-resolution DLS for detecting seasonal variability in the riverscape environment, including the growth and decay of floodplain vegetation, which is critical information for various hydraulic and ecological applications.
title: Canadian Literature, No. 241 (2020): Reading, Writing, Listening
title: Reading, Writing, Listening
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Canadian Literature
Publisher: name: Canadian Literature
Year: 2020

description: 111 Days of COVID and Reading...6-15 Writer’s Writer Revisits Authorship...18-35 Jeff Derksen's Citational Poetics...38-56 Se redéfinir dans la langue colonisatrice. Nouvelles voix autochtones francophones...59-74 “Tuned every ear towards a tiny lengthening of light”...77-93 Alice Munro’s “Providence,” Second-Wave Feminism, and the (Im)possibilities of Reconciling Motherhood and Liberation...95-112 A Note—Doing the Work with Metonymy...114-122 Twisting Mean...125-127 Mimetic Histories...127-128 Don't Worry, Epidermis...128-129 Lessons in Style and Substance...129-130 Gaspereau in the Community...130-132 Traumatized Teens...132-133 Gifts for the Journey...133-135 Whose Canadian Avant-Garde?...135-136 These Words Singing...136-137 Gaspereau in the Wild...138-139 Goodbye to Language...139-141 Playful Experiments with Perspective...141-142 Attention Canadian Literature Professors...143-144 Degrees of Separation...144-145 Broken and Unbroken Lines...145-147 Of Care and the Self...147-149 Faulty Families and Towering Slums...149-151 Under Our Own Threat...151-152 Performing Unsettlement...152-153 Poem Emporium...154-155 Addressing Endurance...155-156 A Love Letter To Anne...157-157 Collecting the Unknown Montgomery...158-159 Sinews and Sheaves...159-161 Presence of the Past...161-163 The End of Popular Women's Writing...163-164 Precarious Places...165-166 Living Caves...166-167 "It Takes a Lifetime to Write a Poem"...167-169 Knowing Ourselves...169-170 Love on Looted Lands...170-171 "waist-deep in the criss-cross river of shadows"...171-172 A Multi-Generational Mixtape...173-174 History Lessons...174-175 The business of the grass...16-17 Precipitate of Abandoned Object-Cathexes...36-37 Grip...57-58 In a Bleak Time...75-76 Affirmation...94-94 St. Peter's Abbey, Muenster, Saskatchewan...113-113 Tumbling in spring...123-134 Ennui...176-176
Modeling magnesium escape from HD209458b atmosphere
Creators: name: Bourrier, V.
name: Etangs, A. Lecavelier des
name: Vidal-Madjar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transit observations in the MgI line of HD209458b revealed signatures of neutral magnesium escaping the upper atmosphere of the planet, while no atmospheric absorption was found in the MgII doublet. Here we present a 3D particle model of the dynamics of neutral and ionized magnesium populations, coupled with an analytical modeling of the atmosphere below the exobase. Theoretical MgI absorption line profiles are directly compared with the absorption observed in the blue wing of the line during the planet transit. Observations are well-fitted with an escape rate of neutral magnesium in the range 2x10^7-3.4x10^7 g/s, an exobase close to the Roche lobe (Rexo in the range 2.1-4.3 Rp, where Rp is the planet radius) and a planetary wind velocity at the exobase vpl=25km/s. The observed velocities of the planet-escaping magnesium up to -60km/s are well explained by radiation pressure acceleration, provided that UV-photoionization is compensated for by electron recombination up to about 13Rp. If the exobase properties are constrained to values given by theoretical models of the deeper atmosphere (Rexo=2Rp and vpl=10km/s), the best fit to the observations is found at a similar electron density and escape rate within 2 sigma. In all cases, the mean temperature of the atmosphere below the exobase must be higher than about 6100 K. Simulations predict a redward expansion of the absorption profile from the beginning to the end of the transit. The spatial and spectral structure of the extended atmosphere is the result of complex interactions between radiation pressure, planetary gravity, and self-shielding, and can be probed through the analysis of transit absorption profiles in the MgI line.
description: 16 pages, 24 figures
Characterizing Small-Town Development Using Very High Resolution Imagery within Remote Rural Settings of Mozambique
Creators: name: Chen, Dong
name: Loboda, Tatiana V.
name: Silva, Julie A.
name: Tonellato, Maria R.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: VHR
Mozambique
Africa
LCLUC

description: While remotely sensed images of various resolutions have been widely used in identifying changes in urban and peri-urban environments, only very high resolution (VHR) imagery is capable of providing the information needed for understanding the changes taking place in remote rural environments, due to the small footprints and low density of man-made structures in these settings. However, limited by data availability, mapping man-made structures and conducting subsequent change detections in remote areas are typically challenging and thus require a certain level of flexibility in algorithm design that takes into account the specific environmental and image conditions. In this study, we mapped all buildings and corrals for two remote villages in Mozambique based on two single-date VHR images that were taken in 2004 and 2012, respectively. Our algorithm takes advantage of the presence of shadows and, through a fusion of both spectra- and object-based analysis techniques, is able to differentiate buildings with metal and thatch roofs with high accuracy (overall accuracy of 86% and 94% for 2004 and 2012, respectively). The comparison of the mapping results between 2004 and 2012 reveals multiple lines of evidence suggesting that both villages, while differing in many aspects, have experienced substantial increases in the economic status. As a case study, our project demonstrates the capability of a coupling of VHR imagery with locally adjusted classification algorithms to infer the economic development of small, remote rural settlements.
Surrogate Models for Seismic Response of Structures
Creators: name: Nayak, Sanjay
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400510
subject: Structural engineering
classificationCode: 400506
subject: Earthquake engineering
classificationCode: 400509
subject: Structural dynamics

description: The seismic risks to a structure or a set of structures in a region are usually determined by generating fragility curves that provide the probability of a building responding in a certain manner for a given level of ground motion intensity. Developing fragility curves, however, is challenging as it involves the computationally expensive task of obtaining the maximum response of the selected structures to a suite of ground motions representing the seismic hazard of the region selected. This study presents a methodology to develop surrogate models for the prediction of the maximum responses of buildings to ground motion excitation. Data-driven surrogate models using simple machine learning techniques and physics-based surrogate models using the space mapping technique to map the low-fidelity responses obtained using a multi-degree of freedom shear building model to the high-fidelity values are developed for the prediction of the maximum roof drift ratio and the maximum story drift ratio of a chosen 15-story steel moment-resisting frame building with varying structural properties in California. The predictions of each of these surrogate models are analyzed to assess and compare the performance, capabilities, and limitations of these models. Best practices for developing surrogate models for the prediction of maximum responses of structures to ground motion are recommended.The results from the development of data-driven surrogate models show that the spectral displacement is the best intensity measure to condition the maximum roof drift ratio, and the spectral velocity is the best intensity measure to condition the maximum story drift ratio. Fragility analysis of the structure is thus conducted using maximum story drift as the engineering demand parameter and spectral velocity as the intensity measure. Monte Carlo simulation is conducted using the physics-based surrogate model to estimate the maximum story drifts for ground motions that are incrementally scaled to different intensity levels. Maximum likelihood estimates are used to obtain the parameters for a lognormal distribution and the 95% confidence intervals are obtained using the Wald confidence interval to plot the fragility curves.Fragility curves are plotted both with and without variations in the structural properties of the building, and it is found that the effects of variability in ground motions on the fragility are far higher than the effects of the randomness of structural properties. Finally, it is found that about 65 ground motion records are needed for convergence of the parameters of the lognormal distribution for plotting fragility curves by using Monte Carlo simulation.
Harmonics Generation in Ultra-Thin Nanofilms Irradiated by Intense Nonrelativistic Short Laser Pulse
Creators: name: Korneev, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of harmonics generation in nanotargets is considered at the range of parameters (a nanotarget diameter and a pump laser intensity) when the oscillation amplitude of an electron in a target is much larger than the target width. Electron motion in charged nanotargets in the presence of a laser field of different (non-relativistic) strength is considered. It is demonstarted that for lasers of infrared frequencies clusters do not posess strong enough potential to bound electrons with large oscillation amplitudes. Opposite to clusters, nanofilms were found to be very perspective targets in the problem considered. A simple analytic model and molecular dynamic simulations showed increased harmonics generation when the oscillation amplitude of electrons in a film becomes much larger, than the film width. Different regimes of generation are briefly discussed.