cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Use of MinION data to assemble the 67% GC genome sequence of Bordetella pertussis
Creators: name: Bagby, Stefan
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Bordetella pertussis, the major casuative agent of whooping cough, contains about 280 1kb repeats. These confound genome assembly using Illumina data alone. We hope to get round this problem using long reads from Oxford Nanopore's MinION device.
Fluorinated Dialkyl Chloronium Salts: Synthesis and Reactivity for Fluoroalkylation and Hydride Abstraction
Creators: name: Fischer, Lukas
name: Lee, Michael H.
name: Kim, Isaac
name: Wiesner, Anja
name: Hoffmann, Kurt F.
name: Hasenstab-Riedel, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: chloronium
subject: Carbocation
subject: fluorine chemistry
subject: Alkylation
subject: weakly coordinating anion
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: A new concept for the synthesis of dialkyl chloronium cations [R‒Cl‒R]+ is described (R = CH3, CH2CF3), that allows the formation of fluorinated derivatives. By utilizing the xenonium salt [XeOTeF5][M(OTeF5)n] (M = Sb, n = 6; M = Al, n = 4) chlorine atoms of chloroalkanes or the deactivated chlorofluoroalkane CH2ClCF3 are oxidized and removed as ClOTeF5 leading to the isolation of the corresponding chloronium salt. Since the resulting highly electrophilic cation [Cl(CH2CF3)2]+ is able to alkylate weak nucleophiles, this compound can be utilized for the introduction of a fluorinated alkyl group to those. In addition, the fluorinated alkyl chloronium cation displays a high hydride ion affinity, enabling the activation of linear hydrocarbons by hydride abstraction even at low temperatures ultimately leading to the formation of branched carbocations.
Human rights and corruption: Problems and potential of individualizing a systemic problem
Creators: name: Peters, Anne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human rights
subject: corruption
subject: individualizing
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::340 Recht::340 Recht

description: This article examines the advantages and challenges of a deliberate legal-political strategy that addresses corruption at an individual, rather than systemic, level. Empirical research has highlighted the correlations between the extent and nature of corruption and the level of human rights enjoyment. In response to these observations, anti-corruption and human rights policy agendas have been converging at the international and regional levels. However, framing corruption as a human rights violation that incurs international state responsibility poses conceptual difficulties. Additionally, the risks and benefits of this convergence need to be assessed. This article concludes that the human rights approach provides significant added value, outweighing its limitations. Yet, it remains an open question whether human rights are the appropriate normative framework for denouncing and combating corruption. The article suggests that the human rights perspective, by opening up new avenues for monitoring and litigation, effectively supplements the criminal law approach. It argues for a more balanced integration of corruption concerns within human rights frameworks, with equal emphasis on human rights considerations in all anti-corruption monitoring schemes. Such integration would likely foster a positive feedback loop, where anti-corruption efforts enhance human rights conditions, while certain human rights facilitate the fight against corruption.
Thickness induced metal to insulator charge transport and unusual hydrogen response in granular palladium nanofilms
Creators: name: Singh, Dharmendra K.
name: G., Praveen S.
name: Jayakumar, Adithya
name: Kamble, Vinayak B.
name: Mitra, J.
name: N, Suma M.
name: Jaiswal-Nagar, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work reports a systematic study of the evolution of charge transport mechanism in granular ultra-thin films of palladium of thickness varying between 6nm and 2nm. While the films with thickness > 4nm exhibit metallic behaviour, that at 3nm thickness undergoes a metal-insulator transition at 19.5K. In contrast, the 2nm thick film remained insulating at all temperatures. with transport following Mott's variable range hopping. At room temperature, while the thicker film exhibit resistance decrease on H$_2$ exposure. the insulating film showed an anomalous initial resistance increase before switching to a subsequent decrease. The nanostructure dependent transport and the ensuing H$_2$ response is modeled on a percolation model, which also explores the relevance of film thickness as a macroscopic control parameter to engineer the desired system response in granular metal films.
Women of no importance? : the Ontario pay equity act and low paid women
Creators: name: McCann, Deirdre Maria
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Ontario Pay Equity Act has been hailed by many as the most progressive pay equity legislation thus far enacted in that it is the first proactive scheme to apply to both the public and private sectors. For many women in the Ontario labour force, however, it is entirely irrelevant. In analyzing the Act I draw on the recent work of anti-essentialist and postmodern feminist legal theorists who are critical of previous scholarship for excluding the voices of many women by ignoring central aspects of their being - race or ethnicity for example - and focusing exclusively on their gender. Applying these theoretical approaches to a concrete area of law requires an anti-essentialist understanding of human identity and the use of shifting standpoints; the scrutiny of the influence of specific policies, laws and cases on particular groups of women. I analyze the provisions of the Pay Equity Act in relation to those women who are becoming more marginalized in the labour market as a result of global economic restructuring, especially low paid women. In Canada, these changes have translated into the decline of manufacturing industries and growth in the service sector and an increasing dependence on atypical forms of employment, mainly part-time work, temporary positions and homework. These trends combine to produce the 'good jobsfaad jobs scenario': the polarisation of the market into full-time, well paid, unionized occupations covered by labour laws and part time, low-paid jobs in unorganized workforces which are excluded from legislative protection. Most of these contingent workers are women, and First Nations women, disabled women, women of colour and recent immigrant women are disproportionately represented in 'bad jobs.' Placing these women at the centre rather than the margins of the analysis reveals that they are excluded by the Pay Equity Act as a result of the limited coverage of the legislation, the inadequate protection of non-unionized workers, the limited comparisons allowed, the low standards of equity required and the reluctance of the Pay Equity Tribunal to rigorously examine job evaluation schemes. In effect, the legislation functions as part of the legislative deregulation which is providing a 'flexible' labour force for Canadian employers. I conclude that, while feminist legal theorists must remain aware of the commonalities in the experiences of women, it is necessary to remain sensitive to differences in order to determine which groups of women are being marginalized by the processes of economic restructuring and what strategies will be most likely to benefit them.
Optimization of PID Controller Tuning method using Evolutionary Algorithms
Creators: name: Arif Abdul Jamil, Imran
name: Moghavvemi, M
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 400705
subject: Control engineering
classificationCode: 400711
subject: Simulation, modelling, and programming of mechatronics systems
classificationCode: 400799
subject: Control engineering, mechatronics and robotics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 400702
subject: Automation engineering
classificationCode: 400806
subject: Electrical machines and drives
classificationCode: 400802
subject: Electrical circuits and systems

description: PID controllers are vital in the control for many systems such as suspension systems, Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR), Self-Stabilizing Systems as well as DC motor speed control. Proper tuning of the PID controller will ensure desired performance is achieved with any application. In this study, the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller will be tuned with several methods, including heuristic methods such as Trial and Error (T&E), Ziegler Nichols (ZN) as well as Evolutionary Algorithms such as the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for DC Motor speed control. This paper will first determine the most optimized form of the Evolutionary Algorithms such as GA and PSO by determining the optimized parameters for both algorithms. Comparison between all tuning techniques will then be conducted. The performance between each method will be quantified by analyzing the transient response parameters such as Overshoot, Settling Time, Rising Time, and Steady State Error. From the simulations, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are superior compared to the Trial and Error (TE) and the Ziegler Nichols method (ZN). However, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) performed better in optimizing the PID constants at a faster rate compared to Genetic Algorithm (GA).
The Cat's Cradle: Deforming the higher rank $E_1$ and $\tilde{E}_1$ theories
Creators: name: Bergman, Oren
name: Rodriguez-Gomez, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use 5-brane webs to study the two-dimensional space of supersymmetric mass deformations of higher rank generalizations of the 5d $E_1$ and $\tilde{E}_1$ theories. Some of the resulting IR phases are described by IR free supersymmetric gauge theories, while others correspond to interacting fixed points. The number of different phases appears to grow with the rank. The space of deformations is qualitatively different for the even and odd rank cases, but that of the even (odd) rank $E_1$ theory is similar to that of the odd (even) rank $\tilde{E}_1$ theory. One result of our analysis predicts that the supersymmetric $SU(N)$ theory with CS level $k=\frac{N}{2} + 4$ and a single massless antisymmetric hypermultiplet exhibits an enhanced global symmetry at the UV fixed point, given by $SU(2)\times SU(2)$ if $N$ is even, and $SU(2)\times U(1)$ if $N$ is odd.
description: 30 pages, 21 figures
Number and dissimilarity of global change factors influences soil properties and functions
Creators: name: Bi, Mohan
name: Li, Huiying
name: Meidl, Peter
name: Zhu, Yanjie
name: Ryo, Masahiro
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Climate-change ecology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Soil microbiology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Soil biota and functions are impacted by various anthropogenic stressors, including climate change, chemical pollution or microplastics. These stressors do not occur in isolation, and soil properties and functions appear to be directionally driven by the number of global change factors acting simultaneously. Building on this insight, we here hypothesize that co-acting factors with more diverse effect mechanisms, or higher dissimilarity, have greater impacts on soil properties and functions. We created a factor pool of 12 factors and calculated dissimilarity indices of randomly-chosen co-acting factors based on the measured responses of soil properties and functions to the single factors. Results show that not only was the number of factors important, but factor dissimilarity was also key for predicting factor joint effects. By analyzing deviations of soil properties and functions from three null model predictions, we demonstrate that higher factor dissimilarity and a larger number of factors could drive larger deviations from null models and trigger more frequent occurrence of synergistic factor net interactions on soil functions (decomposition rate, cellulase, and β-glucosidase activity), which provides mechanistic insights for understanding high-dimensional effects of factors. Our work highlights the importance of considering factor similarity in future research on interacting factors.
Graphene Nano-Ribbon Electronics
Creators: name: Chen, Zhihong
name: Lin, Yu-Ming
name: Rooks, Michael J.
name: Avouris, Phaedon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have fabricated graphene nano-ribbon field-effect transistor devices and investigated their electrical properties as a function of ribbon width. Our experiments show that the resistivity of a ribbon increases as its width decreases, indicating the impact of edge states. Analysis of temperature dependent measurements suggests a finite quantum confinement gap opening in narrow ribbons. The electrical current noise of the graphene ribbon devices at low frequency is found to be dominated by the 1/f noise.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
The $\mathbf{sQ\bar{q}\bar{q}}$ $\mathbf{(q=u,\,d;\, Q=c,\,b)}$ tetraquarks in the chiral quark model
Creators: name: Yang, Gang
name: Ping, Jialun
name: Segovia, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-lying $sQ\bar{q}\bar{q}$ $(q=u,\,d,\, Q=c,\,b)$ tetraquark states with $J^P=0^+$, $1^+$ and $2^+$, and in the isoscalar and isovector sectors, are systematically investigated in the framework of real- and complex-scaling range of a chiral quark model, whose parameters have been fixed in advance describing hadron, hadron-hadron and multiquark phenomenology, and thus all results presented here are pure predictions. Each tetraquark configuration, compatible with the quantum numbers studied, is taken into account; this includes meson-meson, diquark-antidiquark and K-type arrangements of quarks with all possible color wave functions in four-body sector. Among the different numerical techniques to solve the Schrödinger-like 4-body bound state equation, we use a variational method in which the trial wave function is expanded in complex-range Gaussian basis functions, because its simplicity and flexibility. Several compact bound states and narrow resonances are found in both charm-strange $cs\bar{q}\bar{q}$ and bottom-strange $bs\bar{q}\bar{q}$ tetraquark sectors, most of them as a product of the strong coupling between the different channels. The so-called $X_{0,1}(2900)$ signals, recently found by the LHCb collaboration, are unstable in our formalism with several candidates in the single-channel computations.
description: 19 pages, 24 Tables, 13 figures
Switchable protection and exposure of a sensitive squaraine dye within a redox active rotaxane
Creators: name: Wasternack, Janos
name: Schröder, Hendrik V.
name: Witte, J. Felix
name: Ilisson, Mihkel
name: Hupatz, Henrik
name: Hille, Julian F.
name: Gaedke, Marius
name: Valkonen, Arto M.
name: Sobottka, Sebastian
name: Krappe, Alexander
name: Schubert, Mario
name: Paulus, Beate
name: Rissanen, Kari
name: Sarkar, Biprajit
name: Eigler, Siegfried
name: Resch-Genger, Ute
name: Schalley, Christoph A.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Interlocked molecules
subject: Molecular machines and motors
subject: rotaxane
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: In nature, molecular environments in proteins can sterically protect and stabilize reactive species such as organic radicals through non-covalent interactions. Here, we report a near-infrared fluorescent rotaxane in which the stabilization of a chemically labile squaraine fluorophore by the coordination of a tetralactam macrocycle can be controlled chemically and electrochemically. The rotaxane can be switched between two co-conformations in which the wheel either stabilizes or exposes the fluorophore. Coordination by the wheel affects the squaraine’s stability across four redox states and renders the radical anion significantly more stable—by a factor of 6.7—than without protection by a mechanically bonded wheel. Furthermore, the fluorescence properties can be tuned by the redox reactions in a stepwise manner. Mechanically interlocked molecules provide an excellent scaffold to stabilize and selectively expose reactive species in a co-conformational switching process controlled by external stimuli.
High Molecular Gas Masses in Absorption-selected Galaxies at $z \approx 2$
Creators: name: Kanekar, Nissim
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Neeleman, Marcel
name: Christensen, Lise
name: Moller, Palle
name: Fynbo, Johan
name: Zwaan, Martin A.
name: Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to carry out a search for CO (3$-$2) or (4$-$3) emission from the fields of 12 high-metallicity ([M/H]~$\geq -0.72$\,dex) damped Lyman-$α$ absorbers (DLAs) at $z \approx 1.7-2.6$. We detected CO emission from galaxies in the fields of five DLAs (two of which have been reported earlier), obtaining high molecular gas masses, $\rm M_{mol} \approx (1.3 - 20.7) \times (α_{\rm CO}/4.36) \times 10^{10} \; M_\odot$. The impact parameters of the CO emitters to the QSO sightline lie in the range $b \approx 5.6-100$~kpc, with the three new CO detections having $b \lesssim 15$~kpc. The highest CO line luminosities and inferred molecular gas masses are associated with the highest-metallicity DLAs, with [M/H]~$\gtrsim -0.3$\,dex. The high inferred molecular gas masses may be explained by a combination of a stellar mass-metallicity relation and a high molecular gas-to-stars mass ratio in high-redshift galaxies; the DLA galaxies identified by our CO searches have properties consistent with those of emission-selected samples. None of the DLA galaxies detected in CO emission were identified in earlier optical or near-IR searches and vice-versa; DLA galaxies earlier identified in optical/near-IR searches were not detected in CO emission. The high ALMA CO and C[{\sc ii}]~158$μ$m detection rate in high-$z$, high-metallicity DLA galaxies has revolutionized the field, allowing the identification of dusty, massive galaxies associated with high-$z$ DLAs. The H{\sc i}-absorption criterion identifying DLAs selects the entire high-$z$ galaxy population, including dusty and UV-bright galaxies, in a wide range of environments.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters. Corrected references
Wavelength Dependent Photocurrent of Hematite Photoanodes: Reassessing the Hole Collection Length
Creators: name: Kay, Asaf
name: Grave, Daniel A
name: Malviya, Kirtiman D
name: Ellis, David S
name: Dotan, Hen
name: Rothschild, Avner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photoelectrochemical behavior of a planar 1 cm2 thick Ti-doped hematite film deposited on F:SnO2 coated glass was studied with both front and back illumination. Despite low quantum efficiency, photocurrent was observed upon back illumination with low wavelengths, indicating that some photogenerated holes are able to traverse at least 700 nm across the hematite film and effectively oxidize water. This cannot be accounted for using the commonly accepted hole collection length of hematite based on fitting to the Gartner model. Furthermore, under back illumination, 450 nm excitation resulted in increased photocurrent as compared to 530 nm excitation despite most of the light being absorbed further away from the surface. These results demonstrate that the photocurrent is strongly dependent on the optical excitation wavelength, and related to both delocalized holes with long lifetime and localized excitations rather than only being dependent on the proximity of the absorption to the surface.
Bulk viscosity due to kaons in color-flavor-locked quark matter
Creators: name: Alford, Mark G.
name: Braby, Matt
name: Reddy, Sanjay
name: Schaefer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the bulk viscosity of color-superconducting quark matter in the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase. We assume that the lightest bosons are the superfluid mode H and the kaons K0 and K+, and that there is no kaon condensate. We calculate the rate of strangeness-equilibrating processes that convert kaons into superfluid modes, and the resultant bulk viscosity. We find that for oscillations with a timescale of milliseconds, at temperatures T << 1 MeV, the CFL bulk viscosity is much less than that of unpaired quark matter, but at higher temperatures the bulk viscosity of CFL matter can become larger.
description: 23 pages, LaTeX; corrected typos and a numerical error in the last 3 figures. Conclusions unchanged
A quasi-linear approximation for wall turbulence: data assimilation, self-consistent modelling and colouring within the attached eddy hypothesis
Creators: name: Holford, Jacob
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: This thesis explores the implementation of an attached eddy model for high Reynolds number wall-bounded turbulent flows. The statistical structure of the eddies is obtained through the use of the linearised Navier-Stokes equations with an eddy viscosity diffusion term and stochastic forcing. A universal form for the stochastic forcing is pursued to apply the model across all wavenumbers and Reynolds numbers. A physics-aware data-driven approach is used to this end, determining the statistical structure of the forcing. This is done through a set of optimisation problems, ensuring the velocity spectra of the linear model closely match those from direct numerical simulation at a friction Reynolds number of Reτ ≈ 5200. This is first investigated with a white in time stochastic forcing. The forcing structure displays both self-similar and non-self-similar characteristics. By leveraging linearity and superposition of solutions, the contributions of individual forcing components are identified. It is demonstrated that the eddy viscosity term is crucial for modelling wall-attached features in the wall-parallel components. Based on a self-similar forcing structure, the attached eddy model is implemented in a data-driven quasi-linear approximation, using proper orthogonal decomposition modes to reconstruct the velocity covariance matrix. This quasi-linear approximation ensures the Reynolds shear stress profile is numerically consistent with with the mean momentum equation. This allows extrapolation of two-dimensional spectra and further statistics to higher Reynolds numbers. The results of the model support the attached eddy hypothesis with viscous corrections due to finite Reynolds numbers. Finally, the model's energetics are compared with DNS, constructing a spectral budget that links the Lyapunov-like equation to transport equations from DNS. The role of the eddy viscosity diffusion term is assessed, revealing its ability to mimic energy removal by turbulent transport, with discussions on model improvements and future considerations.
Nonperturbative decay dynamics in metamaterial waveguides
Creators: name: Liberal, Iñigo
name: Ziolkowski, Richard W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the nonperturbative decay dynamics of a quantum emitter coupled to a composite right/left handed transmission line (CRLH-TL). Our theory captures the contributions from the different spectral features of the waveguide, providing an accurate prediction beyond the weak coupling regime, and illustrating the multiple possibilities offered by the nontrivial dispersion of metamaterial waveguides. We show that the waveguide is characterized by a band-gap with two asymmetric edges: (i) a mu-near-zero (MNZ) band edge, where spontaneous emission is inhibited and an unstable pole is smoothly transformed into a bound state, and (ii) an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) band edge, where the decay rate diverges and unstable and real (bound state) poles coexist. In both cases, branch cut singularities contribute with fractional decay dynamics whose nature depend on the properties of the band-edges.
Exploring the role of Adenosine Deaminase 2 in endothelial homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of vascular injury
Creators: name: Porter, Andrew
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an autosomal recessive condition caused by biallelic variants in the Adenosine Deaminase 2 (ADA2) gene. Clinical manifestations are broad and include vasculitis, immunodeficiency and haematological involvement. The aim of this thesis was to explore the role of ADA2 in endothelial homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of vascular injury. My work has confirmed that ADA2 is expressed by endothelial cells (EC) as a shortened transcript called ADA2 202 with undetectable protein and adenosine deaminase activity. We have demonstrated this using multiple transcriptomic technologies in both primary human endothelial cell lines and in patient derived endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC). This raises the question as to whether ADA2 202 RNA may function as a long non-coding RNA, or whether it is present as a protein at low undetectable levels in the cell, possibly in the insoluble fraction. ADA2 202 was shown to have a role in endothelial homeostasis and its deficiency leads to inflammatory EC activation with a gene signature suggestive of both type I and type II interferon and Tumour Necrosis Factor α pathway activation together with induction of apoptotic pathways. ECFC from DADA2 patients were observed to have a stressed morphology, upregulation of interferon related genes, evidence of reduced proliferation and increased senescence. These data all suggest that EC deficient of ADA2 202 are more susceptible to activation, injury and subsequent vasculitis and therefore may play a role in DADA2 pathogenesis. Despite the heterogeneity of DADA2, we did not find evidence of any patients with plasma ADA2 deficiency in a cohort of patients with large and small vessel vasculitis. Consistent with other inflammatory conditions, plasma ADA2 activity was elevated in vasculitis patients and correlated with immune cells and markers of inflammation.
Heterocephalobus elongatus Andrassy 1967
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Cephalobidae
Heterocephalobus
Heterocephalobus elongatus

description: Heterocephalobus elongatus (de Man, 1880) Andrâssy, 1967.
Dimensions of ten females: L = 0.61-0.82 mm; a = 27-33; b = 3.7-4.2; c = 12-16; V = 62- 64; G ^ = 11-16; G ^ = 11-17; G2 = 4 - 5.
Two males: L = 0.64- 0.85 mm; a = 32 -35; b = 3.5 -4.4; c = 16- 18; T = 4 1 + 9 - 5 6 + 1 0.
Annulation of cuticle shallow and rather indistinct, measuring 1.7 JJL in middle of body. Lateral field with two wings (three lateral lines). In the female the posterior uterus seems to bear some gonad tissue; the total length of the posterior gonad is about 1.3 body widths. The postvulval part of the anterior gonad occupies 31- 56 % of vulva-anus distance. The postanal pulvillus is conspicuous. The rectum is widened anteriorly. Tail length equal to 3. 1-4.6 anal body diameters.
 Male: Spicules 24 \i long. Two pre-anal subventral papillae, 1.4 and 4 anal body widths from the anus. A pair of adanal papillae; a subventral pair nearly halfway the tail (37-40 %); a lateral papilla at the same level (phasmid?); a subventral pair (in one specimen perhaps two) just before the terminus; a lateral pair at nearly the same level, and a lateral pair midway between the two mentioned.
Nerve ring and excretory pore opposite posterior end of corpus, at 63 - 68 % of neck length. Directly behind the excretory pore there is a narrow but distinct hemizonid.
Samples 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 31, 33, 37, 39, 44, 48, 52, 55, and 62.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
A Soft Computing Approach for Selecting and Combining Spectral Bands
Creators: name: Albarracín, Juan F. H.
name: Oliveira, Rafael S.
name: Hirota, Marina
name: Santos, Jefersson A. dos
name: Torres, Ricardo da S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a soft computing approach for automatically selecting and combining indices from remote sensing multispectral images that can be used for classification tasks. The proposed approach is based on a Genetic-Programming (GP) framework, a technique successfully used in a wide variety of optimization problems. Through GP, it is possible to learn indices that maximize the separability of samples from two different classes. Once the indices specialized for all the pairs of classes are obtained, they are used in pixelwise classification tasks. We used the GP-based solution to evaluate complex classification problems, such as those that are related to the discrimination of vegetation types within and between tropical biomes. Using time series defined in terms of the learned spectral indices, we show that the GP framework leads to superior results than other indices that are used to discriminate and classify tropical biomes.
description: MDPI Remote Sensing - Special Issue "Current Limits and New Challenges and Opportunities in Soft Computing, Machine Learning and Computational Intelligence for Remote Sensing"
Teratocephalus decarinus Anderson 1969
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Teratocephalidae
Teratocephalus
Teratocephalus decarinus

description: Teratocephalus decarinus Anderson, 1969
(Fig. 6, A -C)
Dimensions often females: L = 0. 52- 0.56 mm; a = 23 -24; b = 3.7 -3.9; c = 4.8 - 5.7; V = 1 3 _1 8 54 -5 8. First two annules behind lip region small and compressed; the next four to six are directed anteriad. Vulva depressed; a short postvulval sac is present. The tail measures 9-11 anal body diameters; vulva-anus distance is 138 -145 % of tail length.
Samples 62, 66 and 67.
 The distinction between this species and T.costatus Andrässy, 1958 is somewhat problematical. A population from New Galloway, Scotland, is clearly T. costatus because of the shape of the neck annules, but the cervical expansion characteristic of that species is absent, as in T. decarinus. Specimens from the island of Terschelling, The Netherlands, have the characters of T. decarinus, but a juvenile has the neck annules shaped as in T. costatus. Clear differences in tail tip and shape of body annules could not be found between all these populations. So for the moment the only established difference is the shape of the neck annules: directed anteriad in decarinus, not so in costatus. Whether this difference is really of specific importance remains to be seen. T. decarinus is now known from northern Canada, Spitzbergen, Sweden (Flommen) and Scotland; T.costatus from Bulgaria and the Netherlands. The species has also been reported from Paraguay (Andrässy, 1968).
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Analysis of aggregated tick returns: evidence for anomalous diffusion
Creators: name: Weber, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In order to investigate the origin of large price fluctuations, we analyze stock price changes of ten frequently traded NASDAQ stocks in the year 2002. Though the influence of the trading frequency on the aggregate return in a certain time interval is important, it cannot alone explain the heavy tailed distribution of stock price changes. For this reason, we analyze intervals with a fixed number of trades in order to eliminate the influence of the trading frequency and investigate the relevance of other factors for the aggregate return. We show that in tick time the price follows a discrete diffusion process with a variable step width while the difference between the number of steps in positive and negative direction in an interval is Gaussian distributed. The step width is given by the return due to a single trade and is long-term correlated in tick time. Hence, its mean value can well characterize an interval of many trades and turns out to be an important determinant for large aggregate returns. We also present a statistical model reproducing the cumulative distribution of aggregate returns. For an accurate agreement with the empirical distribution, we also take into account asymmetries of the step widths in different directions together with crosscorrelations between these asymmetries and the mean step width as well as the signs of the steps.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, typos corrected
The spatial collection efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers in photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices
Creators: name: Segev, Gideon
name: Dotan, Hen
name: Ellis, David S.
name: Piekner, Yifat
name: Klotz, Dino
name: Beeman, Jeffrey W.
name: Cooper, Jason K.
name: Grave, Daniel A.
name: Sharp, Ian D.
name: Rothschild, Avner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatial collection efficiency portrays the driving forces and loss mechanisms in photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices. It is defined as the fraction of photogenerated charge carriers created at a specific point within the device that contribute to the photocurrent. In stratified planar structures, the spatial collection efficiency can be extracted out of photocurrent action spectra measurements empirically, with few a priori assumptions. Although this method was applied to photovoltaic cells made of well-understood materials, it has never been used to study unconventional materials such as metal-oxide semiconductors that are often employed in photoelectrochemical cells. This perspective shows the opportunities that this method has to offer for investigating new materials and devices with unknown properties. The relative simplicity of the method, and its applicability to operando performance characterization, makes it an important tool for analysis and design of new photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical materials and devices.
Loricophrya stresemanni
Creators: name: Dovgal, Tapas Chatterjee ı Igor
name: Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Protozoa
Ciliophora
Phyllopharyngea
Paracinetida
Loricophryidae
Loricophrya
Loricophrya stresemanni

description: Loricophrya stresemanni (Allgénı 1951)
 Report as epibiont on nematodes
 The species was described (Allgén 1951) on nematode Spirina parasitifera (Bastianı 1865) collected near Tautra Island (Trondheimsfjordı Norway).
Chatterjee et al. (2019a) reported this species from Miramar bayı Goaı west coast of India at the mouth region of Mandovi River mixing with Arabian Sea epibiont on nematodes of the family Desmodoridae.
 Remarks
Hyperphoretic pseudocoloniesı which formed when swarmers settling on trophonts already attached to the host reported in this species by Chatterjee et al. (2019a).
description: Published as part of Dovgal, Tapas Chatterjee ı Igor & Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, 2019, A checklist of suctorian epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) found on meiobenthic marine nematodes, pp. 2133-2143 in Journal of Natural History 53 (33) on pages 2133-2143, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1692085, http://zenodo.org/record/3654827
Tylenchus davainei Bastian 1865
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Tylenchidae
Tylenchus
Tylenchus davainei

description: Tylenchus davainei Bastian, 1865.
Dimensions:
Females (n = 15): L = 0.78- 1. 00 mm; a = 28 -37; b = 6. 1-7.4; c = 5. 1 - 6.4; V = 22 - 4259 -63 1 - 3.
Males (n = 15): L = 0.77-1.00 mm; a = 30-50; b = 5.6-7.8; c = 5.2- 6.4; T = 43- 57.
 Spear length = 15-18 \i. Spicule length 21 -27 \x, gubernaculum 7- 8 \i. Tail length is equal to 8-11 anal body widths in both females and males. Dimensions of two intra-uterine eggs: 61- 73 x 20-22;x. The median bulb lies at 42 -46 % of neck length from the head end. The Spitzbergen specimens have conspicuously longer tails than those described by Andrässy (1954) from Hungary. In connection with this the vulva is located more anteriorly.
 Whether this species is the true davainei of Bastian is more than doubtful: Bastian gives vulva position as 68 %, the tail is straight conoid, Ditylenchus-like, and the bursa occupies one-third of the tail. Andrässy's (1954) neotype is invalid, being collected in Hungary.
This species is very widespread on Spitzbergen. Found in samples 1, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 34, 37, 39, 40, 42, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 55, 57/58, 61, 62, 63, 67, 68 and 69.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on pages 33-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Optical wavefront shaping for targeted neurophotonic applications
Creators: name: Whiteley, Isabell
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: Two novel optical imaging systems developed for neurophotonic application are presented, and an algorithm and computational model for a third novel system is introduced. All systems use optical elements to shape the wavefront of light to provide different forms of resolution improvement based on different application needs. The first provides high axial resolution optical sectioning with a large field of view for potential volumetric in vivo imaging of neuronal activity. The second system provides a precise spatial targeting solution to permit monitoring of fluorescence dynamics with temporal bandwidths on the order of a kilohertz. The system is designed to record single trial, low-signal voltage fluctuations in ex vivo and in vivo imaging experiments. In the first, a line-scanning temporal focusing system optimised for a wide field of view while maintaining high axial resolution is systematically characterised. Proof of concept work displaying high resolution, large lateral field of view volumetric imaging in whole drosophila brain samples is shown. The second system described is a direct imaging optical system designed for simultaneous highspeed imaging of multiple neurons. It uses a digital micromirror device to switch between regions of interest at a 10kHz refresh rate. The precision of targeting reduces the background noise and provides a signal to noise ratio capable of recording single trial, spontaneous fluorescent voltage changes of less than 10%. The third system described is a holographic imaging system using a digital micromirror device. It uses a binary amplitude hologram to project to targeted regions of interest in both two- and three- dimensions. The system was designed for application in targeted optogenetic activation of neurons. Finally, potential optimisations of the two imaging systems are discussed and characterisation experiments for the new imaging pathway, adapted from the direct imaging system, is proposed.
The Vulnerability of Semantic Segmentation Networks to Adversarial Attacks in Autonomous Driving: Enhancing Extensive Environment Sensing
Creators: name: Bär, Andreas
name: Löhdefink, Jonas
name: Kapoor, Nikhil
name: Varghese, Serin J.
name: Hüger, Fabian
name: Schlicht, Peter
name: Fingscheidt, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Enabling autonomous driving (AD) can be considered one of the biggest challenges in today's technology. AD is a complex task accomplished by several functionalities, with environment perception being one of its core functions. Environment perception is usually performed by combining the semantic information captured by several sensors, i.e., lidar or camera. The semantic information from the respective sensor can be extracted by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for dense prediction. In the past, CNNs constantly showed state-of-the-art performance on several vision-related tasks, such as semantic segmentation of traffic scenes using nothing but the red-green-blue (RGB) images provided by a camera. Although CNNs obtain state-of-the-art performance on clean images, almost imperceptible changes to the input, referred to as adversarial perturbations, may lead to fatal deception. The goal of this article is to illuminate the vulnerability aspects of CNNs used for semantic segmentation with respect to adversarial attacks, and share insights into some of the existing known adversarial defense strategies. We aim to clarify the advantages and disadvantages associated with applying CNNs for environment perception in AD to serve as a motivation for future research in this field.
description: IEEE Signal Processing Magazine (Volume: 38, Issue: 1, Jan. 2021), pp. 42 - 52
Recordings of elicitation sessions on reduplication, color terms, and ideophones
Creators: name: Sergio Salazar, Emilia
name: O'Hagan, Zachary
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: cot

description: 3 WAV files, 3 MOV files. Audio recorded with Zoom H4N internal microphones; video recorded in 4K with Olympus OM-D E-M10 Mark III (30-minute file maximum; external audio not combined with video). Single WAV file of elicitation session on ideophones spans three corresponding video files.
Multi-modal embeddings using multi-task learning for emotion recognition
Creators: name: Khare, Aparna
name: Parthasarathy, Srinivas
name: Sundaram, Shiva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: General embeddings like word2vec, GloVe and ELMo have shown a lot of success in natural language tasks. The embeddings are typically extracted from models that are built on general tasks such as skip-gram models and natural language generation. In this paper, we extend the work from natural language understanding to multi-modal architectures that use audio, visual and textual information for machine learning tasks. The embeddings in our network are extracted using the encoder of a transformer model trained using multi-task training. We use person identification and automatic speech recognition as the tasks in our embedding generation framework. We tune and evaluate the embeddings on the downstream task of emotion recognition and demonstrate that on the CMU-MOSEI dataset, the embeddings can be used to improve over previous state of the art results.
description: To appear in Interspeech,2020
Tylenchus costatus de Man 1921
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Tylenchidae
Tylenchus
Tylenchus costatus

description: Tylenchus costatus de Man, 1921.
Dimensions of 28 females: L = 0.46 -0.75 mm; a = 26- 36; b = 5.1- 7. 1; c = 5.0- 5.9; V = 1 8 ~ 3763 -68. Spear length = 11-13 pi. Males were not found. The median bulb lies at 46-49 % of neck length from head end. On the whole the Spitzbergen specimens tend to be somewhat larger than those from more southern countries.
This species, too, is common on Spitzbergen. Found in samples 16, 20, 21, 28, 36, 38, 52, 56, 61, 63, 65, 66 and 67.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
title: Subversive property: law and the production of spaces of belonging
Creators: name: Keenan, Sarah
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2012

description: This thesis develops a theory of property as a spatially contingent relation of belonging. Drawing on legal geography, critical geography and feminist theory, this spatial understanding of property provides a conceptually useful way of analysing a wide range of socio-legal issues. I argue that property occurs when a relation of belonging is 'held up' by space; that is, when the wider social processes, structures and networks that constitute space give force to that relation. 'Holding up' is a more diffuse, heterogeneous, spatial process than state recognition. The relation of belonging that is held up might be between a subject and an object, as property is conventionally understood, or it might be the constitutive relation between a part and a whole, as identity is often understood (for example the relation between a white person and whiteness). Understanding property in this way reveals its broad powers - how property constitutes subjectivities, shapes social and physical spaces, how it can operate subversively. This theory of property is explored in relation to two seemingly unconnected socio-legal issues: that of indigenous resistance to long leases of their land under Australia's Northern Territory National Emergency Response Act 2007 (Cth) and that of sexuality-based asylum claims made by women in Australia, Canada and Brita in. Analysing cases from these two socio-legal contexts, I argue that what was at stake in both contexts was the production of particular spaces of belonging; that is, spaces that hold up some relations of belonging and not others. In the final chapter I unpack the conceptual issue of how 'Space is connected to the subject. Exploring the concepts of 'taking space with you' and inheritance, I put forward an understanding of the complex connections that exist across space and time, and the way those connections affect and constitute the subject.