cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
New applications of Ester/Amide surrogates in organic synthesis
Creators: name: Volpe, Chiara
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: CHIM/06 CHIMICA ORGANICA

description: 2019 - 2020
description: Masked esters/amides are scaffolds endowed with a great potential in the field of organic synthesis. This PhD project has been conceived, in the context of non-covalent organocatalysis, with the aim to exploit unsaturated and saturated masked esters/amides as starting materials to accomplish the synthesis of different classes of organic compounds in a one-pot fashion.Masked esters/amides exhibit some important features which make them valid substrates for organocatalytic one-pot sequences. Firstly, the presence of a nitrogen-based heterocycle renders them more reactive if compared with esters or amides: the heterocycle “steals” electron density from the molecule, resulting in an enhanced electrophilicity at the β position of reagent a or an enhanced acidity of α-proton in type b substrates. Secondly, nitrogen atoms of the heterocycle offer to these substrates more possibilities of interaction with an organocatalyst through further H-bonds formation. This provides a major rigidity in the transition state and a subsequent increase in the stereochemical outcome of the reaction. Finally, another important property of these compounds, due to the ability of the aza-heterocycle as leaving group, is the possibility to obtain ester or amide functionality through simple treatment with alcohols or amines via typical addition/elimination mechanism (hence the name “ester/amide surrogates”). We tried to achieve the stereocontrolled formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds to obtain cyclic compounds of different nature and size (such as benzothiazepines and bicyclic pyrazolidinones) and non-cyclic compounds, such as imines, β-aminoalcohols and nitrones. In this doctoral thesis, the first stereoselective cascade sulfa-Michael/lactamization sequence for the synthesis of cis- and trans-2,3-diaryl substituted 1,5-benzothiazepines has been developed, starting from α,β-unsaturated N-acylpyrazoles and 2-aminothiophenols. The two steps are promoted by catalytic amounts of a readily available bifunctional thiourea and p-toluenesulfonic acid, respectively. Our work provides access to both N unprotected diastereoisomers of the product with satisfactory results. Moreover, we demonstrated that these products can be easily elaborated to prepare libraries of compounds for biological tests. [edited by Author]
Additional file 1 of Human thirst behavior requires transformation of sensory inputs by intrinsic brain networks
Creators: name: Hsu, Li-Ming
name: Yang, Jen-Tsung
name: Wen, Xuyun
name: Liang, Xia
name: Lin, Leng-Chieh
name: Huang, Yen-Chu
name: Tsai, Yuan-Hsiung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Repeated-measures ANOVA of physiological indexes. Figure S2. Principal component variances and total variances explained of PCA analysis in physiological indexes. Figure S3. Comparison of the whole brain functional connectivity of MnPO and brain regions among different hydration status. Figure S4. Path diagram of the multiple-mediation model for this study. Table S1. Path analysis.
Extreme events in a complex network: interplay between degree distribution and repulsive interaction
Creators: name: Ray, Arnob
name: Bröhl, Timo
name: Mishra, Arindam
name: Ghosh, Subrata
name: Ghosh, Dibakar
name: Kapitaniak, Tomasz
name: Dana, Syamal K.
name: Hens, Chittaranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of topological heterogeneity in the origin of extreme events in a network is investigated here. The dynamics of the oscillators associated with the nodes are assumed to be identical and influenced by mean-field repulsive interactions. An interplay of topological heterogeneity and the repulsive interaction between the dynamical units of the network triggers extreme events in the nodes when each node succumbs to such events for discretely different ranges of repulsive coupling. A high degree node is vulnerable to weaker repulsive interactions, while a low degree node is susceptible to stronger interactions. As a result, the formation of extreme events changes position with increasing strength of repulsive interaction from high to low degree nodes. Extreme events at any node are identified with the appearance of occasional large-amplitude events (amplitude of the temporal dynamics) that are larger than a threshold height and rare in occurrence, which we confirm by estimating the probability distribution of all events. Extreme events appear at any oscillator near the boundary of transition from rotation to libration at a critical value of the repulsive coupling strength. To explore the phenomenon, a paradigmatic second-order phase model is used to represent the dynamics of the oscillator associated with each node. We make an annealed network approximation to reduce our original model and thereby confirm the dual role of the repulsive interaction and the degree of a node in the origin of extreme events in any oscillator.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science
Comparison of Conformational Phase Behavior for Flexible and Semiflexible Polymers
Creators: name: Aierken, Dilimulati
name: Bachmann, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ the recently introduced generalized microcanonical inflection point method for the statistical analysis of phase transitions in flexible and semiflexible polymers and study the impact of the bending stiffness upon the character and order of transitions between random-coil, globules, and pseudocrystalline conformations. The high-accuracy estimates of the microcanonical entropy and its derivatives required for this study were obtained by extensive replica-exchange Monte Carlo simulations. We observe that the transition behavior into the compact phases changes qualitatively with increasing bending stiffness. Whereas the $Θ$ collapse transition is less affected, the first-order liquid-solid transition characteristic for flexible polymers ceases to exist once bending effects dominate over attractive monomer-monomer interactions.
The SDSS-HET Survey of Kepler Eclipsing Binaries. A Sample of Four Benchmark Binaries
Creators: name: Hambleton, Kelly
name: Prsa, Andrej
name: Fleming, Scott W.
name: Mahadevan, Suvrath
name: Bender, Chad F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this work is to extend a sample of accurately modeled, benchmark-grade eclipsing binaries with accurately determined masses and radii. We select four "well-behaved" Kepler binaries, KIC2306740, KIC4076952, KIC5193386 and KIC5288543, each with at least 8 double-lined spectra from the apogee instrument that is part of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys III and IV, and from the Hobby-Eberly High Resolution Spectrograph. We obtain masses and radii with uncertainties of 2.5% or less for all four systems. Three of these systems have orbital periods longer than 9 days, and thus populate an under-sampled region of the parameter space for extremely well-characterized detached eclipsing binaries. We compare the derived masses and radii against MESA MIST isochrones to determine the ages of the systems. All systems were found to be coeval, showing that the results are consistent across MESA MIST and PHOEBE.
Video-based Pose-Estimation Data as Source for Transfer Learning in Human Activity Recognition
Creators: name: Awasthi, Shrutarv
name: Rueda, Fernando Moya
name: Fink, Gernot A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human Activity Recognition (HAR) using on-body devices identifies specific human actions in unconstrained environments. HAR is challenging due to the inter and intra-variance of human movements; moreover, annotated datasets from on-body devices are scarce. This problem is mainly due to the difficulty of data creation, i.e., recording, expensive annotation, and lack of standard definitions of human activities. Previous works demonstrated that transfer learning is a good strategy for addressing scenarios with scarce data. However, the scarcity of annotated on-body device datasets remains. This paper proposes using datasets intended for human-pose estimation as a source for transfer learning; specifically, it deploys sequences of annotated pixel coordinates of human joints from video datasets for HAR and human pose estimation. We pre-train a deep architecture on four benchmark video-based source datasets. Finally, an evaluation is carried out on three on-body device datasets improving HAR performance.
description: Accepted for ICPR 2022
Additional file 6 of The presence of circulating genetically abnormal cells in blood predicts risk of lung cancer in individuals with indeterminate pulmonary nodules
Creators: name: Tahvilian, Shahram
name: Kuban, Joshua D.
name: Yankelevitz, David F.
name: Leventon, Daniel
name: Henschke, Claudia I.
name: Zhu, Jeffrey
name: Baden, Lara
name: Yip, Rowena
name: Hirsch, Fred R.
name: Reed, Rebecca
name: Brown, Ashley
name: Muldoon, Allison
name: Trejo, Michael
name: Katchman, Benjamin A.
name: Donovan, Michael J.
name: Pagano, Paul C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 6
Additional file 1 of Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) into Brazilian Portuguese
Creators: name: dos Reis-Junior, Jodimar Ribeiro
name: Bassi-Dibai, Daniela
name: Morais, Daniel Nunes
name: Pontes-Silva, André
name: Mendes, Letícia Padilha
name: Pinheiro, Jocassia Silva
name: Fidelis-de-Paula-Gomes, Cid André
name: Dibai-Filho, Almir Vieira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Brazilian Version of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ).
A Reading of Article 21 of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights:Political (Dis)engagement in the Context of Brexit
Creators: name: Service, Ryan
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2020
Subjects: Democracy
Participation
Brexit

description: Free, regular, and open elections are sought-after qualities of a liberal democracy. Reading electoral turnout as an indicator of political engagement, though, is a reductive reading and can obscure entrenched levels of political disengagement. This article considers the impli-cations of Article 21, subsection one, of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights (1948) as an assessment of political participation. There are three lines of investigation. First, the paper examines the model of political engagement implied within Article 21 and its subsequent iterations. Second, theories of political participation are linked to a study of civic engagement within the British parliamentary system. Third, building upon these two arguments, the 2016 Brexit referendum is presented as a case study to demonstrate the limi-tations of a voter turnout measurement. Political participation must be continually (re)imagined, (re)constructed, and reflected upon otherwise engagement relies upon voting by numbers.
marcosvital/Zigs-Zags-RPG: Zigs & Zags v1.0.0
Creators: name: Marcos Vital (LEQ-UFAL)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Versão para divulgação do sistema de RPG Zigs & Zags (Z&Z), em 6 de Setembro de 2023.
The European Union External Action, Administrative Function and Human Rights Protection under the Lens of the EU Ombudsman and a Recent Strategic Initiative
Creators: name: Martines, Francesca
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2022
Subjects: European Ombudsman
Administrative function
Human rights clauses
Monitoring
Enforcement

description: This paper examines the increasingly active role of the European Ombudsman in ascertaining by what procedures and instruments the European Union contributes to the protection of human rights in its external action. After an overview of the European Ombudsman’s competencies and activities concerning the administrative function of EU institutions, this article discusses the context and scope of a recent European Ombudsman’s strategic initiative on the incorporation of human rights clauses – and other human rights tools – in EU international trade agreements
Multi-input distributed classifiers for synthetic genetic circuits
Creators: name: Kanakov, Oleg
name: Kotelnikov, Roman
name: Alsaedi, Ahmed
name: Tsimring, Lev
name: Huerta, Ramon
name: Zaikin, Alexey
name: Ivanchenko, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: For practical construction of complex synthetic genetic networks able to perform elaborate functions it is important to have a pool of relatively simple "bio-bricks" with different functionality which can be compounded together. To complement engineering of very different existing synthetic genetic devices such as switches, oscillators or logical gates, we propose and develop here a design of synthetic multiple input distributed classifier with learning ability. Proposed classifier will be able to separate multi-input data, which are inseparable for single input classifiers. Additionally, the data classes could potentially occupy the area of any shape in the space of inputs. We study two approaches to classification, including hard and soft classification and confirm the schemes of genetic networks by analytical and numerical results.
THE CASE FOR TAX INTEGRATION AND CURRENT-BASE TAXATION
Creators: name: Fishbien, Nir
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Tax Law
Year: 2020

description: The U.S. tax system has many distortions, but two triumph them all. The first is debt-over-equity. Under the current corporate double taxation mechanism, C corporations are incentivized to borrow rather than issue equity, because interest is deductible, and dividends are not. The second is foreign-over-domestic investment. Under the current U.S. international tax regime, U.S. multinationals are subject to a reduced tax rate, and in certain occasions are also exempt from U.S. tax on their foreign earnings, while their domestic earnings are subject to full corporate tax rate. In this Article, I call for the adoption of a Dividends-Paid Deduction form of tax integration and for current-base taxation of foreign earnings. The already reduced corporate tax rate (21%), combined with tax integration, will provide a significant relief from the relatively high burden of corporate double taxation, allowing U.S. multinationals to better compete in the global economy. It will eliminate (or substantially reduce) the debt-over-equity bias and the inefficient penalty on business activities carried through C corporations. Current-base taxation will eliminate the current incentive to invest and shift income abroad, while providing a very important source of revenue. It will also obliterate the need to distinguish between domestic and foreign earnings and as such will facilitate the adoption of tax integration, because all distributions of earnings that were previously taxed will give rise to the benefits of tax integration. Finally, in order to avoid a potential revenue loss as a result of this new dividends-paid deduction, a non-refundable full-rate withholding tax, or a new compensatory tax, equal to the rate of the corporate tax, should be introduced and implemented.
description: Columbia Journal of Tax Law, Vol 11 No 2 (2020): Summer Issue
Managing Activities at the Lunar Poles for Science
Creators: name: Crawford, Ian A.
name: Prem, Parvathy
name: Peters, Carle
name: Anand, Mahesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lunar poles are unique environments of both great scientific and, increasingly, commercial interest. Consequently, a tension exists between the twin objectives of (a) Exploring the lunar poles for both scientific and commercial purposes and ultimately supporting a lunar economy; and (b) Minimising the environmental impacts on the lunar polar regions so as to preserve them for future scientific investigations. We suggest that the best compromise between these equally valuable objectives would be to restrict scientific and commercial activities to the lunar South Pole, while placing a moratorium on activities at the North Pole until the full consequences of human activities at the South Pole are fully understood and mitigation protocols established. Depending on the pace at which lunar exploration proceeds, such a moratorium might last for several decades in order to properly assess the effects of exploration and commercial activities in regions surrounding the South Pole. A longer term possibility might be to consider designating the lunar North Polar region as a (possibly temporary) Planetary Park. Similar protected status might also be desirable for other unique lunar environments, and, by extension, other scientifically important localities elsewhere in the Solar System.
description: Accepted for publication in Space Research Today; 7 pages, 1 figure
A New Component from the Quiet Sun: Synchrotron Radiation from Galactic Cosmic-Ray Electrons
Creators: name: Orlando, Elena
name: Petrosian, Vahe'
name: Strong, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quiet Sun, i.e. in its non-flaring state or non-flaring regions, emits thermal radiation from radio to ultraviolet. The quiet Sun produces also non-thermal radiation observed in gamma rays due to interactions of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) with the solar gas and photons. We report on a new component: the synchrotron emission by GCR electrons in the solar magnetic field. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time this emission has been theoretically claimed and modeled. We find that the measured GCR electrons with energies from tens of GeV to a few TeV produce synchrotron emission in X-rays, which is a few orders of magnitude lower than current upper limits of the quiet Sun set by RHESSI and FOXSI. For a radially decreasing solar magnetic field we find the expected synchrotron intensity to be almost constant in the solar disk, to peak in the close proximity of the Sun, and to quickly drop away from the Sun. We also estimate the synchrotron emission from radio to gamma rays and we compare it with current observations, especially with LOFAR. While it is negligible from radio to UV compared to the solar thermal radiation, this emission can potentially be observed at high energies with NuSTAR and more promising future FOXSI observations. This could potentially allow for constraining CR densities and magnetic-field intensities at the Sun. This study provides a more complete description and a possible new way for understanding the quite Sun and its environment.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) into Brazilian Portuguese
Creators: name: dos Reis-Junior, Jodimar Ribeiro
name: Bassi-Dibai, Daniela
name: Morais, Daniel Nunes
name: Pontes-Silva, André
name: Mendes, Letícia Padilha
name: Pinheiro, Jocassia Silva
name: Fidelis-de-Paula-Gomes, Cid André
name: Dibai-Filho, Almir Vieira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. English Version of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ).
All-optical injection of charge, spin and valley currents in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Muniz, Rodrigo A.
name: Sipe, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides have recently become a playground for spin- and valleytronics research. Their low energy spectrum can be described by Dirac cones on the corners of Brillouin zone, but the physical properties are richer than those of graphene since the spin degeneracy is lifted and the optical selection rules are valley dependent. This has been exploited for the optical injection of spin and valley polarized currents by the application of static electric fields. In this paper we consider an all-optical method for the injection of charge, spin and valley polarized currents. The presence of both a fundamental optical field and its second harmonic can lead to the injection of currents due to a nonlinear effect involving the quantum interference between one- and two-photon absorption processes. We analyze how the injected quantities can be controlled through the parameters of the incident light fields, allowing capabilities of control beyond those achieved with static fields, and discuss the conditions for experimental verification of our results.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1401.1241
Rimmed and Rippled Accretion Disc Models to Explain AGN Continuum Lags
Creators: name: Starkey, D. A.
name: Huang, Jiamu
name: Horne, Keith
name: Lin, Douglas N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a solution to the problem of accretion disc sizes in active galactic nuclei being larger when measured by reverberation mapping than predicted by theory. Considering blackbody reprocessing on a disc with thickness profile $H(r)$, our solution invokes a steep rim or rippled structures irradiated by the central lamp-post. We model the continuum lags and the faint and bright disc spectral energy distribution (SED) in the best-studied case NGC 5548 (black hole mass $M = 7\times10^{7} M_\odot$, disc inclination $i=45^\circ$). With the lamp-post off, the observed disc SED requires a low accretion rate ($\dot{M} \sim 0.0014 M_\odot$/yr) and high prograde black hole spin ($a \sim 0.93$). Reprocessing on the thin disc gives time lags increasing with wavelength but 3 times smaller than observed. Introducing a steep $H(r)$ rim, or multiple crests, near $r = 5$ light days, reprocessing on their steep centre-facing slopes increases temperatures from $\sim1500$ K to $\sim6000$ K and this increases optical lags to match the lag data. Most of the disc surface maintains the cooler $T\propto r^{-3/4}$ temperature profile that matches the SED. The bright lamp-post may be powered by magnetic links tapping the black hole spin. The steep rim occurs near the sublimation radius for dust in the disc, as in the "failed disc wind model" for broad-line clouds. Lens-Thirring torques aligning the disc and black hole spin may also raise a warp and associated waves. In both scenarios, the small density scale height implied by the inferred value of $H(r)$ suggests possible marginal gravitational instability in the disc.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
A Survey for C II Emission-Line Stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. II. Final Results and the Origin of C II Emission in [WC] Spectra
Creators: name: Margon, Bruce
name: Morrell, Nidia
name: Massey, Philip
name: Neugent, Kathryn F.
name: Williams, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the final results of an imaging and spectroscopic search for stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with C II 7231, 7236 emission lines. The goal is to identify and study [WC11] stars, the coolest of the low-mass Wolf-Rayet sequence, and a subset of central stars of planetary nebulae where the C II lines are known to be especially prominent. A recent serendipitous discovery of an LMC [WC11] raised the possibility that these objects, although difficult to identify, might in fact be more common than previously believed. Several new members of this rare class have been found in this survey. It now seems clear, however, that a significant number of these stars are not hiding amongst the general [WC] population. We point out that the C II doublet intensity ratio observed in our spectra proves to neatly divide the objects into two distinct groups, with the C II emission likely originating from either the stellar wind or a surrounding nebula. The physics of the C II emission mechanism correctly explains this bifurcation. Spectral subtypes are suggested for most of the objects. The numerous spectroscopic clues now available for these objects should facilitate future detailed modeling.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Dynamics of the Great Oxidation Event from a 3D photochemical-climate model
Creators: name: Jaziri, Adam Yassin
name: Charnay, Benjamin
name: Selsis, Franck
name: Leconte, Jeremy
name: Lefevre, Franck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the Archean toward the Proterozoic, the Earth's atmosphere underwent a major shift from anoxic to oxic conditions, around 2.4 to 2.1 Gyr, known as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). This rapid transition may be related to an atmospheric instability caused by the formation of the ozone layer. Previous works were all based on 1D photochemical models. Here, we revisit the GOE with a 3D photochemical-climate model to investigate the possible impact of the atmospheric circulation and the coupling between the climate and the dynamics of the oxidation. We show that the diurnal, seasonal and transport variations do not bring significant changes compared to 1D models. Nevertheless, we highlight a temperature dependence for atmospheric photochemical losses. A cooling during the late Archean could then have favored the triggering of the oxygenation. In addition, we show that the Huronian glaciations, which took place during the GOE, could have introduced a fluctuation in the evolution of the oxygen level. Finally, we show that the oxygen overshoot which is expected to have occurred just after the GOE, was likely accompanied by a methane overshoot. Such high methane concentrations could have had climatic consequences and could have played a role in the dynamics of the Huronian glaciations.
MUSE-ALMA Haloes VIII: Statistical Study of Circumgalactic Medium Gas
Creators: name: Weng, Simon
name: Péroux, Céline
name: Karki, Arjun
name: Augustin, Ramona
name: Kulkarni, Varsha P.
name: Szakacs, Roland
name: Zwaan, Martin A.
name: Klitsch, Anne
name: Hamanowicz, Aleksandra
name: Sadler, Elaine M.
name: Biggs, Andrew
name: Fresco, Alejandra Y.
name: Hayes, Mattjew
name: Howk, J. Christopher
name: Kacprzak, Glenn G.
name: Kuntschner, Harald
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Pettini, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of gas and metals in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) plays a critical role in how galaxies evolve. The MUSE-ALMA Halos survey combines MUSE, ALMA and HST observations to constrain the properties of the multi-phase gas in the CGM and the galaxies associated with the gas probed in absorption. In this paper, we analyse the properties of galaxies associated with 32 strong \ion{H}{i} Ly-$α$ absorbers at redshift $0.2 \lesssim z \lesssim 1.4$. We detect 79 galaxies within $\pm 500$ \kms \!of the absorbers in our 19 MUSE fields. These associated galaxies are found at physical distances from 5.7 kpc and reach star-formation rates as low as $0.1$ \Moyr. The significant number of associated galaxies allows us to map their physical distribution on the $Δv$ and $b$ plane. Building on previous studies, we examine the physical and nebular properties of these associated galaxies and find the following: i) 27/32 absorbers have galaxy counterparts and more than 50 per cent of the absorbers have two or more associated galaxies, ii) the \ion{H}{i} column density of absorbers is anti-correlated with the impact parameter (scaled by virial radius) of the nearest galaxy as expected from simulations, iii) the metallicity of associated galaxies is typically larger than the absorber metallicity which decreases at larger impact parameters. It becomes clear that while strong \ion{H}{i} absorbers are typically associated with more than a single galaxy, we can use them to statistically map the gas and metal distribution in the CGM.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures and 10 pages of appendices. The associated galaxy catalogue will be made available online. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Dogs Bark, the Carnival Moves On... Revisiting Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust
Creators: name: Beilharz, Peter
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Modernity and the Holocaust is now thirty years old. How should we respond to the book, its controversy, and its history or context? In this essay I offer three steps as a way into this labyrinth. First, I review the core claims of Bauman's book (1989). Second, I use my four-volume edited collection of essays on his work (2002) as a decade check on its reception. Third, the new volume, Revisiting Modernity and the Holocaust: Heritage, Dilemmas, Extensions (2022) is brought into play as a third optic or time slice. I conclude that the book is a classic, which means we should still read it and use it as a marker, but also that the debate has out of necessity moved on. As Bauman used to say, "The dogs bark, the carnival moves on".
Building the molecular cloud population: the role of cloud mergers
Creators: name: Skarbinski, Maya S.
name: Jeffreson, Sarah M. R.
name: Goodman, Alyssa A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the physical drivers of slow molecular cloud mergers within a simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy in the moving-mesh code Arepo, and determine the influence of these mergers on the mass distribution and star formation efficiency of the galactic cloud population. We find that 83 per cent of these mergers occur at a relative velocity below 5 km/s, and are associated with large-scale atomic gas flows, driven primarily by (1) expanding bubbles of hot, ionised gas caused by supernova explosions and (2) galactic rotation. The major effect of these mergers is to aggregate molecular mass into higher-mass clouds: mergers account for over 50 per cent of the molecular mass contained in clouds of mass M > 2 x 10^6 Msun. These high-mass clouds have higher densities, internal velocity dispersions and instantaneous star formation efficiencies than their unmerged, lower-mass precursors. As such, the mean instantaneous star formation efficiency in our simulated galaxy, with its merger rate of just 1 per cent of clouds per Myr, is 25 per cent higher than in a similar population of clouds containing no mergers.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS, comments are welcome
Additional file 1 of Medical research: what to expect in a student–supervisor relationship
Creators: name: Althubaiti, Alaa
name: Althubaiti, Suha M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
How to repair non-atheromatous carotid lesions
Creators: name: Bouayed, Mohamed Nadjib
name: Bouziane, Leila Ahlam
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2020
Subjects: Carotid lesions
Fibromuscular dysplasi
Carotid aneurysms
Behcet’s disease
Carotid stent

description: Non-atheromatous surgical lesions are estimated to represent at most 10% of all carotid procedures, most of which involve atheromatous lesions. Isolated tortuosity of the carotid vessels is sometimes treated surgically. The pathologies most frequently studied are extra-cranial carotid aneurysms, dissections, and fibromuscular dysplasia. Behcet’s disease only rarely affects the carotid trunk, but in view of its prevalence in our country of Algeria a short section will be devoted to it. A series of 57 patients treated for non-atheromatous carotid lesions is presented article. These cases were treated using both endovascular and conventional surgical techniques. A review of the literature shows that endovascular treatment is now replacing conventional surgery for most indications except carotid paraganglioma.
Explicit Reference Governor for Continuous Time Nonlinear Systems Subject to Convex Constraints
Creators: name: Garone, Emanuele
name: Nicotra, Marco M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper introduces a novel closed-form strategy that dynamically modifies the reference of a pre-compensated nonlinear system to ensure the satisfaction of a set of convex constraints. The main idea consists of translating constraints in the state space into constraints on the Lyapunov function and then modulating the reference velocity so as to limit the value of the Lyapunov function. The theory is introduced for general nonlinear systems subject to convex constraints. In the case of polyhedric constraints, an explicit solution is provided for the large and highly relevant class of nonlinear systems whose Lyapunov function is lower-bounded by a quadratic form. In view of improving performances, further specializations are provided for the relevant cases of linear systems and robotic manipulators.
description: Submitted to: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
The Star Formation History of the Milky Way's Nuclear Star Cluster
Creators: name: Chen, Zhuo
name: Do, Tuan
name: Ghez, Andrea M.
name: Hosek, Matthew
name: Feldmeier-Krause, Anja
name: Chu, Devin
name: Bentley, Rory
name: Lu, Jessica R.
name: Morris, Mark R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first star formation history study of the Milky Way's nuclear star cluster (NSC) that includes observational constraints from a large sample of stellar metallicity measurements. These metallicity measurements were obtained from recent surveys from Gemini and VLT of 770 late-type stars within the central 1.5 pc. These metallicity measurements, along with photometry and spectroscopically derived temperatures, are forward modeled with a Bayesian inference approach. Including metallicity measurements improves the overall fit quality, as the low-temperature red giants that were previously difficult to constrain are now accounted for, and the best fit favors a two-component model. The dominant component contains 93%$\pm$3% of the mass, is metal-rich ($\overline{[M/H]}\sim$0.45), and has an age of 5$^{+3}_{-2}$ Gyr, which is $\sim$3 Gyr younger than earlier studies with fixed (solar) metallicity; this younger age challenges co-evolutionary models in which the NSC and supermassive black holes formed simultaneously at early times. The minor population component has low metallicity ($\overline{[M/H]}\sim$ -1.1) and contains $\sim$7% of the stellar mass. The age of the minor component is uncertain (0.1 - 5 Gyr old). Using the estimated parameters, we infer the following NSC stellar remnant population (with $\sim$18% uncertainty): 1.5$\times$10$^5$ neutron stars, 2.5$\times$10$^5$ stellar mass black holes (BHs) and 2.2$\times$10$^4$ BH-BH binaries. These predictions result in 2-4 times fewer neutron stars compared to earlier predictions that assume solar metallicity, introducing a possible new path to understand the so-called "missing pulsar problem". Finally, we present updated predictions for the BH-BH merger rates (0.01-3 Gpc$^{-3}$yr$^{-1}$).
description: 37 pages, 23 figures, Accepted to ApJ
Thread With Caution: Proactively Helping Users Assess and Deescalate Tension in Their Online Discussions
Creators: name: Chang, Jonathan P.
name: Schluger, Charlotte
name: Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Incivility remains a major challenge for online discussion platforms, to such an extent that even conversations between well-intentioned users can often derail into uncivil behavior. Traditionally, platforms have relied on moderators to -- with or without algorithmic assistance -- take corrective actions such as removing comments or banning users. In this work we propose a complementary paradigm that directly empowers users by proactively enhancing their awareness about existing tension in the conversation they are engaging in and actively guides them as they are drafting their replies to avoid further escalation. As a proof of concept for this paradigm, we design an algorithmic tool that provides such proactive information directly to users, and conduct a user study in a popular discussion platform. Through a mixed methods approach combining surveys with a randomized controlled experiment, we uncover qualitative and quantitative insights regarding how the participants utilize and react to this information. Most participants report finding this proactive paradigm valuable, noting that it helps them to identify tension that they may have otherwise missed and prompts them to further reflect on their own replies and to revise them. These effects are corroborated by a comparison of how the participants draft their reply when our tool warns them that their conversation is at risk of derailing into uncivil behavior versus in a control condition where the tool is disabled. These preliminary findings highlight the potential of this user-centered paradigm and point to concrete directions for future implementations.
description: 37 pages, 2 figures. More information at https://www.cs.cornell.edu/~cristian/Thread_With_Caution.html
Energetics of the Quantum Graphity Universe
Creators: name: Wilkinson, Samuel A.
name: Greentree, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum graphity is a background independent model for emergent geometry, in which space is represented as a complete graph. The high-energy pre-geometric starting point of the model is usually considered to be the complete graph, however we also consider the empty graph as a candidate pre-geometric state. The energetics as the graph evolves from either of these high-energy states to a low-energy geometric state is investigated as a function of the number of edges in the graph. Analytic results for the slope of this energy curve in the high-energy domain are derived, and the energy curve is plotted exactly for small number of vertices $N$. To study the whole energy curve for larger (but still finite) $N$, an epitaxial approximation is used. It is hoped that this work may open the way for future work to compare predictions from quantum graphity with observations of the early universe, making the model falsifiable.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Collective excitation of Rydberg-atom ensembles beyond the $\sqrt{N}$ enhancement
Creators: name: Gärttner, Martin
name: Whitlock, Shannon
name: Schönleber, David W.
name: Evers, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an ensemble of laser-driven atoms involving strongly interacting Rydberg states, the excitation probability is usually strongly suppressed. In contrast, here we identify a regime in which the steady-state Rydberg excited fraction is enhanced by the interaction. This effect is associated with the build-up of many-body coherences, induced by coherent multi-photon excitations between collective states. The excitation enhancement should be observable under currently-existing experimental conditions, and may serve as a direct probe for the presence of coherent multi-photon dynamics involving collective quantum states.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Positive selection-driven fixation of a hominin-specific amino acid mutation related to dephosphorylation in IRF9
Creators: name: Chen, Jianhai
name: He, Xuefei
name: Jakovlić, Ivan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. The alignments of IRFs genes in “fasta” format. The sequences were mammalian “one to one” orthologous genes retrieved from Ensembl (v105).
title: Η οικονομική της διαχείρισης έργων: η περίπτωση ενός οργανισμού που βασίζεται στα έργα
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Κάστωρ, Αντώνιος
Publisher: name: University of Thessaly
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ ΕΡΓΟΥ
subject: ΔΗΜΟΣΙΑ ΕΡΓΑ -- ΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΟΡΓΑΝΩΣΗ
subject: ΔΗΜΟΣΙΑ ΕΡΓΑ -- ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗ

description: Σημείωση: διατίθεται συμπληρωματικό υλικό σε ξεχωριστό αρχείο.
Polarized Maser Emission with In-Source Faraday Rotation
Creators: name: Tobin, Taylor L.
name: Gray, Malcolm D.
name: Kemball, Athol J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss studies of polarization in astrophysical masers with particular emphasis on the case where the Zeeman splitting is small compared to the Doppler profile, resulting in a blend of the transitions between magnetic substates. A semi-classical theory of the molecular response is derived, and coupled to radiative transfer solutions for 1 and 2-beam linear masers, resulting in a set of non-linear, algebraic equations for elements of the molecular density matrix. The new code, PRISM, implements numerical methods to compute these solutions. Using PRISM, we demonstrate a smooth transfer between this case and that of wider splitting. For a J=1-0 system, with parameters based on the $v=1, J=1-0$ transition of SiO, we investigate the behaviour of linear and circular polarization as a function of the angle between the propagation axis and the magnetic field, and with the optical depth, or saturation state, of the model. We demonstrate how solutions are modified by the presence of Faraday rotation, generated by various abundances of free electrons, and that strong Faraday rotation leads to additional angles where Stokes-Q changes sign. We compare our results to a number of previous models, from the analytical limits derived by Goldreich, Keeley and Kwan in 1973, through computational results by W. Watson and co-authors, to the recent work by Lankhaar and Vlemmings in 2019. We find that our results are generally consistent with those of other authors given the differences of approach and the approximations made.
description: 36 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Digital competency in STEM students:  an interactive approach developed with students as partners
Creators: name: Miller, Karen
name: Copestake, Jenny
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: extra curricular skills
games based learning
self directed learning
- Digital competency
digital skills
StemLibANZ
Australasian STEM Librarians
STEM Librarian
Faculty Engagement
Liaison Librarian
STEM
Science
Engineering

description: STEM students arrive at university with a varied level of digital competency. While STEM students are taught many discipline-specific digital skills through their coursework, the more generic digital capabilities required for successful study, work and life are usually provided as extra-curricular resources. 
 Over the past two years Curtin Library has embarked on a 'students as partners' project, employing students to assist in the creation of two open online learning resources designed to help their peers develop these digital capabilities. 
23 Things is a self-paced online digital skills program consisting of a combination of self-paced modules, workshops and creative challenges on topics as diverse as video editing, digital security and basic coding.  Participants are guided through the program through a weekly email and regular blog posts. 
Certitude is a narrative based online game designed to introduce players to concepts around referencing, plagiarism, critical thinking, and the importance of using accurate sources of information.  Players take on the role of 'fact checker' for a digital publishing company, and earn rewards for successfully identifying referencing and source errors in articles before they are published. 
This presentation discusses the way in which these extra-curricular online resources have been developed and implemented, and how they are being used to assist STEM students develop their digital competency as a key graduate attribute.
Additional file 3 of Positive selection-driven fixation of a hominin-specific amino acid mutation related to dephosphorylation in IRF9
Creators: name: Chen, Jianhai
name: He, Xuefei
name: Jakovlić, Ivan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3. The aBSREL (HyPhy) results after correcting for multiple testing with the Holm-Bonferroni correction.
Additional file 2 of Positive selection-driven fixation of a hominin-specific amino acid mutation related to dephosphorylation in IRF9
Creators: name: Chen, Jianhai
name: He, Xuefei
name: Jakovlić, Ivan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2. Recombination test by the SimPlot v3.5.1.