cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraining the LRG Halo Occupation Distribution using Counts-in-Cylinders
Creators: name: Reid, Beth A.
name: Spergel, David N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low number density of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) suggests that LRGs occupying the same dark matter halo can be separated from pairs occupying distinct dark matter halos with high fidelity. We present a new technique, Counts-in-Cylinders (CiC), to constrain the parameters of the satellite contribution to the LRG Halo-Occupation Distribution (HOD). For a fiber collision-corrected SDSS spectroscopic LRG subsample at 0.16 < z < 0.36, we find the CiC multiplicity function is fit by a halo model where the average number of satellites in a halo of mass M is = ((M - Mcut)/M1)^alpha with Mcut = 5.0 +1.5/-1.3 (+2.9/-2.6) X 10^13 Msun, M1 = 4.95 +0.37/-0.26 (+0.79/-0.53) X 10^14 Msun, and alpha = 1.035 +0.10/-0.17 (+0.24/-0.31) at the 68% and 95% confidence levels using a WMAP3 cosmology and z=0.2 halo catalog. Our method tightly constrains the fraction of LRGs that are satellite galaxies, 6.36 +0.38/-0.39, and the combination Mcut/10^{14} Msun + alpha = 1.53 +0.08/-0.09 at the 95% confidence level. We also find that mocks based on a halo catalog produced by a spherical overdensity (SO) finder reproduce both the measured CiC multiplicity function and the projected correlation function, while mocks based on a Friends-of-Friends (FoF) halo catalog has a deficit of close pairs at ~1 Mpc/h separations. Because the CiC method relies on higher order statistics of close pairs, it is robust to the choice of halo finder. In a companion paper we will apply this technique to optimize Finger-of-God (FOG) compression to eliminate the 1-halo contribution to the LRG power spectrum.
description: 40 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Astrophysical Journal
Mikrogeschichte eines Weltereignisses
Creators: name: Barth, Volker
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2009

description: Universal exhibitions are almost exclusively described as representations of an outside reality. The authenticity of the exhibits and the relation between the display and the real thing are considered in order to investigate the political aims and ambitions of the organisers. However, records written by spectators show that visitors to exhibitions were more likely to evaluate the objects according to other criteria. Here exhibitions reveal themselves as events that were not judged in the first place for their capacity to represent but for their ability to create. Visitors used them to develop pleasing mental images in accordance with their own individual and hedonistic motives. In this sense, the exhibitions point towards an evolving imaginary inside the viewer. This article focuses on the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867 to explore what the spectators made of what they saw. Moreover, the aim is to analyse exhibitions like this as independent imaginary worlds, which serve as starting points for creative cultural acts that had little to do with the ‚realness‘ of the display.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 20 Nr. 1 (2009): Fortschritt
Nonsupersymmetric brane vacua in stabilized compactifications
Creators: name: Brown, Charles Max
name: DeWolfe, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the equations for the nonsupersymmetric vacua of D3-branes in the presence of nonperturbative moduli stabilization in type IIB flux compactifications, and solve and analyze them in the case of two particular 7-brane embeddings at the bottom of the warped deformed conifold. In the limit of large volume and long throat, we obtain vacua by imposing a constraint on the 7-brane embedding. These vacua fill out continuous spaces of higher dimension than the corresponding supersymmetric vacua, and have negative effective cosmological constant. Perturbative stability of these vacua is possible but not generic. Finally, we argue that anti-D3-branes at the tip of the conifold share the same vacua as D3-branes.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX. v2: references added, typo fixed. v3: version appearing in JHEP
Heimatschutz und Großstadt
Creators: name: Békési, Sándor
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2009

description: Heimatschutz (literally: protection of the homeland) was described for a long time merely as a form of reactionary antimodernism and as a romantic aestheticism. At the same time the relationship between homeland protection and the metropolis has hardly been investigated. This article presents a new view of the history of early Heimatschutz in Vienna around 1900 with regard to its urban programme and activities. When listing their positions, it is important to distinguish between a reactionary, nationalistic variation and a reform-minded liberal conservatism within the movement. In Vienna, various Heimat organisations had their own offices, but only the liberal-conservative approach paid any attention to the city itself. And its criticism agreed in many points with the mainstream or even with the avantgarde of urban planning, architecture and historic preservation at that time. The protagonists included prominent figures from culture and science. Their aim was both to preserve the old city and to reshape the recent city. Finally, Viennese Heimatschutz formed a specific transition zone between tradition and modernity. It can be considered as a third way between one-sided economic modernization and aesthetical, romantic escapism.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 20 Nr. 1 (2009): Fortschritt
On a possible connection between Chandler wobble and dark matter
Creators: name: Portilho, Oyanarte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chandler wobble excitation and damping, one of the open problems in geophysics, is treated as a consequence in part of the interaction between Earth and a hypothetical oblate ellipsoid made of dark matter. The physical and geometrical parameters of such an ellipsoid and the interacting torque strength is calculated in such a way to reproduce the Chandler wobble component of the polar motion in several epochs, available in the literature. It is also examined the consequences upon the geomagnetic field dynamo and generation of heat in the Earth outer core.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures. Final version, to appear in Brazilian Journal of Physics, vol 39 (2009)
The number and location of Jupiter's circumpolar cyclones explained by vorticity dynamics
Creators: name: Gavriel, Nimrod
name: Kaspi, Yohai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Juno mission observed that both poles of Jupiter have polar cyclones that are surrounded by a ring of circumpolar cyclones. The North Pole holds eight circumpolar cyclones and the South Pole possesses five, with both circumpolar rings positioned along latitude ~84° N/S. Here we explain the location, stability, and number of the Jovian circumpolar cyclones by establishing the primary forces that act on them, which develop because of vorticity gradients in the background of a cyclone. In the meridional direction, the background vorticity varies owning to the planetary sphericity and the presence of the polar cyclone. In the zonal direction, the vorticity varies by the presence of adjacent cyclones in the ring. Our analysis successfully predicts the latitude and number of circumpolar cyclones for both poles, according to the size and spin of the respective polar cyclone. Moreover, the analysis successfully predicts that Jupiter can hold circumpolar cyclones while Saturn currently cannot. The match between the theory and observations implies that vortices in the polar regions of the giant planets are largely governed by barotropic dynamics, and that the movement of other vortices at high-latitudes is also driven by interaction with the background vorticity.
description: 13 Pages, 8 figures
From Sociology and Economics to World History
Creators: name: Goldstone, Jack A.
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies
Year: 2009

description: World History has only recently emerged as a distinctive and vibrant field of study. Its origins arose from a cross-fertilization of economics, history, and comparative sociology, and from particular conjunctions of people and places in the 1980s and 1990s. World historians now, thanks to unprecedented access to quantitative historical data and international networks of scholars, can develop increasingly precise, formal, and detailed accounts of changes and comparisons across historical periods. However, our goal is not to create new master narratives or theories that predict a grand historical trajectory for mankind; rather we seek to better understand the similarities and differences among societies, and the likely consequences of those similarities and differences.
description: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, Bd. 20 Nr. 2 (2009): Global History
Does the Priest Have to Be There? Contested Marriages before Roman Tribunals
Creators: name: Cristellon, Cecilia
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2009

description: The Council of Trent established the requirements that a marriage be celebrated by the parish priest and two or more witnesses be present at the marriage (1563), but neglected to specify who the parish priest was. The decrees provoked confusion among both laymen and churchmen. Traces thereof can be found in the hitherto essentially unexplored documentation of The Congregation of the Council. This institution was founded in 1564 specifically to resolve the questions that arose all over the catholic world by the application of the decrees promulgated at Trent. The related records are held in the Vatican Secret Archive. Through an examination of this documentation, complemented by files of the Holy Office the author analyzes how the new rules were understood, experienced, used, circumvented, and manipulated both by laymen and churchmen in order to end an unwanted marriage, to facilitate a union that was socially transgressive, opposed by family, or even heterodox, and to respond to pastoral concerns.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 20 Nr. 3 (2009): Ehe.Norm
Mutation rate dynamics reflect ecological change in an emerging zoonotic pathogen
Creators: name: Murray, Gemma G. R.
name: Balmer, Andrew J.
name: Herbert, Josephine
name: Hadjirin, Nazreen F.
name: Kemp, Caroline L.
name: Matuszewska, Marta
name: Bruchmann, Sebastian
name: Hossain, A. S. Md. Mukarram
name: Gottschalk, Marcelo
name: Tucker, Alexander W.
name: Miller, Eric
name: Weinert, Lucy A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
Medicine and health sciences

description: Funder: Isaac Newton Trust; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004815
description: Funder: Newnham College, University of Cambridge; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000663
description: Funder: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268
description: Funder: Medical Research Council; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265
description: Funder: Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013112
description: Mutation rates vary both within and between bacterial species, and understanding what drives this variation is essential for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of bacterial populations. In this study, we investigate two factors that are predicted to influence the mutation rate: ecology and genome size. We conducted mutation accumulation experiments on eight strains of the emerging zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis. Natural variation within this species allows us to compare tonsil carriage and invasive disease isolates, from both more and less pathogenic populations, with a wide range of genome sizes. We find that invasive disease isolates have repeatedly evolved mutation rates that are higher than those of closely related carriage isolates, regardless of variation in genome size. Independent of this variation in overall rate, we also observe a stronger bias towards G/C to A/T mutations in isolates from more pathogenic populations, whose genomes tend to be smaller and more AT-rich. Our results suggest that ecology is a stronger correlate of mutation rate than genome size over these timescales, and that transitions to invasive disease are consistently accompanied by rapid increases in mutation rate. These results shed light on the impact that ecology can have on the adaptive potential of bacterial pathogens.
Naturwissenschaftliche Auffassung des Menschen, symbolische Gesellschaftsordnung und geschlechtlich codierte Moralphysiologie in der saint-simonistischen Bewegung um 1830
Creators: name: Ferruta, Paola
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften
Year: 2010

description: In France around 1830 the significant rise of natural sciences and comparative anatomy legitimated a new moral physiology to which the Saint-Simonians, a political religious movement, referred. They assimilated the scientific discourse on gender dimorphism, in particular that of Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772–1844), Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805–1861) and Claude François Lallemand (1790–1853). At the same time they made recourse to mystical theological arguments on gender difference, arguments which had contributed to a sacralisation of the female and the private sphere. The article focuses on the interrelation between scientific knowledge order and gender order in the Saint-Simonian discourse, exploring its contribution to the development of the modern understanding of gender relations.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, Bd. 21 Nr. 1 (2010): Geschlecht – Wissen – Geschichte
German-Speaking Academic Émigrés in Turkey of the 1940s
Creators: name: Tomenendal, Kerstin
name: Özdemir, Fatma Doğuş
name: Mercan, F. Özden
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies
Year: 2010

description: The article explores the academic working conditions for about 144 German émigré professors in Turkey in the 1930s and 1940s. Many of them migrated from Nazi Germany to Turkey. It is asked how the exiled professors have been seen by post graduate students. This sheds light on the mentality of a new generation of academics, the first in the newly-established Republican Turkey. Some of these students have been interviewed (oral history). Memory, however, is not a mirror that represents historical facts, but a field where the past is reconstructed. Most of the interviewees are graduates of Ankara University and some were post-doctoral assistants at Ankara University. The focus is mainly on the faculties situated in the Turkish capital, specifically, DTCF (the Language, History and Geography Faculty) and the Faculty of Law. The former students concur with the interpretation that the exiled professors gave them new intellectual perspectives and took eminent influence on their careers. As it turns out, the German professors were well integrated into Turkish society in terms of governmental contacts, although they did not become part of the Turkish cultural scene. With rising Turkish nationalism and Pan-Turkism in the later 1940s they were facing an increasingly hostile political atmosphere. This led most of them to dismissal from their faculties; they left for America or other countries in Europe. The highly positive commemoration of the émigré professors by their former postgraduate students can also be read as the commemoration of the period of Atatürk and his reforms.
description: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, Bd. 21 Nr. 3 (2010): Vertriebene Wissenschaft
On the consequences of twisted Poincare' symmetry upon QFT on Moyal noncommutative spaces
Creators: name: Fiore, Gaetano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore some general consequences of a consistent formulation of relativistic quantum field theory (QFT) on the Groenewold-Moyal-Weyl noncommutative versions of Minkowski space with covariance under the twisted Poincare' group of Chaichian et al. [12], Wess [44], Koch et al. [31], Oeckl [34]. We argue that a proper enforcement of the latter requires braided commutation relations between any pair of coordinates $\hat x,\hat y$ generating two different copies of the space, or equivalently a $\star$-tensor product $f(x)\star g(y)$ (in the parlance of Aschieri et al. [3]) between any two functions depending on $x,y$. Then all differences $(x-y)^μ$ behave like their undeformed counterparts. Imposing (minimally adapted) Wightman axioms one finds that the $n$-point functions fulfill the same general properties as on commutative space. Actually, upon computation one finds (at least for scalar fields) that the $n$-point functions remain unchanged as functions of the coordinates' differences both if fields are free and if they interact (we treat interactions via time-ordered perturbation theory). The main, surprising outcome seems a QFT physically equivalent to the undeformed counterpart (to confirm it or not one should however first clarify the relation between $n$-point functions and observables, in particular S-matrix elements). These results are mainly based on a joint work [24] with J. Wess
description: Latex file, 21 pages
Italian scientific migration to the United States of America after 1938 racial laws
Creators: name: Gissi, Alessandra
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies
Year: 2010

description: This paper analyzes Italian scientific migration to the United States, following the introduction of the Fascist regime’s anti-Semitic laws in 1938. While German, British and American historiography has devoted considerable attention to the issue of 1930s scientific migration to the US, scholars have mostly overlooked the Italian case. Drawing on individual biographies, institutional histories, and theoretical contributions, the paper provides a new analytic approach on the scientific migration from Italy. Using various sources, especially the records of the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars, deposited at New York Public Library this paper challenges the idea that Italian scientific wave to the United States can be considered not just as an exile or an escape, as the Italian historians use to do, because it present certain traits typical of migrations. The placement of scholars, for example, took place through a series of migration networks, which are analyzed as well as the integration/assimilation process.
description: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, Bd. 21 Nr. 3 (2010): Vertriebene Wissenschaft
The Semigroup of Betti Diagrams
Creators: name: Erman, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D02, 13D25

description: The recent proof of the Boij-Soederberg conjectures reveals new structure about Betti diagrams of modules, giving a complete description of the cone of Betti diagrams. We begin to expand on this new structure by investigating the semigroup of Betti diagrams. We prove that this semigroup is finitely generated, and we answer several other fundamental questions about this semigroup.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures. Minor edits, references added
Cochlear Size Assessment Predicts Scala Tympani Volume and Electrode Insertion Force- Implications in Robotic Assisted Cochlear Implant Surgery.
Creators: name: Dhanasingh, Anandhan
name: Swords, Chloe
name: Bance, Manohar
name: Van Rompaey, Vincent
name: Van De Heyning, Paul
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cochlear Size
Robot Assisted Surgery
Electrode Insertion Force
Electrode Insertion Speed
Scala Tympani Volume

description: Objectives: The primary aim was to measure the volume of the scala tympani (ST) and the length of the straight portion of the cochlear basal turn from micro-computed tomography (μCT) images. The secondary aim was to estimate the electrode insertion force based on cochlear size and insertion speed. Both of these objectives have a direct clinical relevance in robotic assisted cochlear implant (CI) surgery. Methods: The ST was segmented in thirty μCT datasets to create a three-dimensional (3D) model and calculate the ST volume. The diameter (A-value), the width (B-value), and the straight portion of the cochlear basal turn (S-value) were measured from the oblique coronal plane. Electrode insertion force was measured in ST models of two different sizes, by inserting FLEX24 (24 mm) and FLEX28 (28 mm) electrode arrays at five different speeds (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mm/s). Results: The mean A-, B-, and S-values measured from the 30 μCT datasets were 9.0 ± 0.5, 6.7 ± 0.4, and 6.9 mm ± 0.5, respectively. The mean ST volume was 34.2 μl ± 7 (range 23-50 μl). The ST volume increased linearly with an increase in A- and B-values (Pearson's coefficient r = 0.55 and 0.56, respectively). The A-value exhibited linear positive correlation with the B-value and S-value (Pearson's coefficient r = 0.64 and r = 0.66, respectively). In the smaller of the two ST models, insertion forces were higher across the range of insertion speeds during both array insertions, when compared to the upscaled model. Before the maximum electrode insertion depths, a trend toward lower insertion force for lower insertion speed and vice-versa was observed. Conclusion: It is important to determine pre-operative cochlear size as this seems to have an effect upon electrode insertion forces. Higher insertion forces were seen in a smaller sized ST model across two electrode array lengths, as compared to an upscaled larger model. The ST volume, which cannot be visualized on clinical CT, correlates with clinical cochlear parameters. This enabled the creation of an equation capable of predicting ST volume utilizing A- and B-values, thus enabling pre-operative prediction of ST volume.
Debye relaxation in high magnetic fields
Creators: name: Brooks, J. S.
name: Vasic, R.
name: Kismarahardja, A.
name: Steven, E.
name: Tokumoto, T.
name: Schlottmann, P.
name: Kelly, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dielectric relaxation is universal in characterizing polar liquids and solids, insulators, and semiconductors, and the theoretical models are well developed. However, in high magnetic fields, previously unknown aspects of dielectric relaxation can be revealed and exploited. Here, we report low temperature dielectric relaxation measurements in lightly doped silicon in high dc magnetic fields B both parallel and perpendicular to the applied ac electric field E. For B//E, we observe a temperature and magnetic field dependent dielectric dispersion e(w)characteristic of conventional Debye relaxation where the free carrier concentration is dependent on thermal dopant ionization, magnetic freeze-out, and/or magnetic localization effects. However, for BperpE, anomalous dispersion emerges in e(w) with increasing magnetic field. It is shown that the Debye formalism can be simply extended by adding the Lorentz force to describe the general response of a dielectric in crossed magnetic and electric fields. Moreover, we predict and observe a new transverse dielectric response EH perp B perp E not previously described in magneto-dielectric measurements. The new formalism allows the determination of the mobility and the ability to discriminate between magnetic localization/freeze out and Lorentz force effects in the magneto-dielectric response.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
An anisotropic, non-singular early universe model leading to a realistic cosmology
Creators: name: Dechant, Pierre-Philippe
name: Lasenby, Anthony N.
name: Hobson, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel cosmological model in which scalar field matter in a biaxial Bianchi IX geometry leads to a non-singular `pancaking' solution: the hypersurface volume goes to zero instantaneously at the `Big Bang', but all physical quantities, such as curvature invariants and the matter energy density remain finite, and continue smoothly through the Big Bang. We demonstrate that there exist geodesics extending through the Big Bang, but that there are also incomplete geodesics that spiral infinitely around a topologically closed spatial dimension at the Big Bang, rendering it, at worst, a quasi-regular singularity. The model is thus reminiscent of the Taub-NUT vacuum solution in that it has biaxial Bianchi IX geometry and its evolution exhibits a dimensionality reduction at a quasi-regular singularity; the two models are, however, rather different, as we will show in a future work. Here we concentrate on the cosmological implications of our model and show how the scalar field drives both isotropisation and inflation, thus raising the question of whether structure on the largest scales was laid down at a time when the universe was still oblate (as also suggested by Pitrou et al and Contaldi et al). We also discuss the stability of our model to small perturbations around biaxiality and draw an analogy with cosmological perturbations. We conclude by presenting a separate, bouncing solution, which generalises the known bouncing solution in closed FRW universes.
description: 38 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, RevTex, Phys. Rev. D version
Column Subset Selection, Matrix Factorization, and Eigenvalue Optimization
Creators: name: Tropp, Joel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A60, 15A23, 65F30, 90C25

description: Given a fixed matrix, the problem of column subset selection requests a column submatrix that has favorable spectral properties. Most research from the algorithms and numerical linear algebra communities focuses on a variant called rank-revealing {\sf QR}, which seeks a well-conditioned collection of columns that spans the (numerical) range of the matrix. The functional analysis literature contains another strand of work on column selection whose algorithmic implications have not been explored. In particular, a celebrated result of Bourgain and Tzafriri demonstrates that each matrix with normalized columns contains a large column submatrix that is exceptionally well conditioned. Unfortunately, standard proofs of this result cannot be regarded as algorithmic. This paper presents a randomized, polynomial-time algorithm that produces the submatrix promised by Bourgain and Tzafriri. The method involves random sampling of columns, followed by a matrix factorization that exposes the well-conditioned subset of columns. This factorization, which is due to Grothendieck, is regarded as a central tool in modern functional analysis. The primary novelty in this work is an algorithm, based on eigenvalue minimization, for constructing the Grothendieck factorization. These ideas also result in a novel approximation algorithm for the $(\infty, 1)$ norm of a matrix, which is generally {\sf NP}-hard to compute exactly. As an added bonus, this work reveals a surprising connection between matrix factorization and the famous {\sc maxcut} semidefinite program.
description: Conference version
A Prospective Observational Study to Investigate Performance of a Chest X-ray Artificial Intelligence Diagnostic Support Tool Across 12 U.S. Hospitals
Creators: name: Sun, Ju
name: Peng, Le
name: Li, Taihui
name: Adila, Dyah
name: Zaiman, Zach
name: Melton, Genevieve B.
name: Ingraham, Nicholas
name: Murray, Eric
name: Boley, Daniel
name: Switzer, Sean
name: Burns, John L.
name: Huang, Kun
name: Allen, Tadashi
name: Steenburg, Scott D.
name: Gichoya, Judy Wawira
name: Kummerfeld, Erich
name: Tignanelli, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Importance: An artificial intelligence (AI)-based model to predict COVID-19 likelihood from chest x-ray (CXR) findings can serve as an important adjunct to accelerate immediate clinical decision making and improve clinical decision making. Despite significant efforts, many limitations and biases exist in previously developed AI diagnostic models for COVID-19. Utilizing a large set of local and international CXR images, we developed an AI model with high performance on temporal and external validation. Conclusions and Relevance: AI-based diagnostic tools may serve as an adjunct, but not replacement, for clinical decision support of COVID-19 diagnosis, which largely hinges on exposure history, signs, and symptoms. While AI-based tools have not yet reached full diagnostic potential in COVID-19, they may still offer valuable information to clinicians taken into consideration along with clinical signs and symptoms.
description: Check out the medRxiv version at https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.04.21258316 for updates
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Cao, Yixin
name: Pilipczuk, Marcin
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization
subject: Theory of computation → Parameterized complexity and exact algorithms

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 180, 15th International Symposium on Parameterized and Exact Computation (IPEC 2020), pages 0:i-0:xviii
An investigation of heat transfer in spray cooling
Creators: name: Prabhakar, Balasubramaniam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Spray water fluxes .and heat-transfer coefficients have been measured for some commercial spray nozzles, with a view to generating reliable and accurate data for the design of spray chambers of continuous casting machines. Sprays produced by both full cone and vee-jet nozzles have been investigated. The distribution of water in the sprays has been measured for different spray pressures and distances from the nozzle, by measuring the amount of water arriving at collector tubes inserted in the sprays. Thermocouples embedded in a heated stainless 'heat transfer probe' allowed the temperature transients within the probe to be measured during the spray cooling of these probes. Analysis of these transients by a solution to the 'Inverse Boundary Value Problem' allowed the calculation of the heat-transfer coefficients and surface heat fluxes as a function of the surface temperature of the cooled surface of the probe The results of this investigation indicate that the most important variable affecting the heat-transfer coefficient is the local water, flux at the cooled surface. The coefficients have also been determined to be temperature sensitive even at surface temperatures in excess of 800 °C. For the same value of water flux, neither the nozzle type nor the spray pressure has a strong influence on the heat-transfer coefficients. Correlations of the form [equation not included] have been obtained between the heat-transfer coefficients and spray water fluxes for different surface temperatures The for of the correlation obtained when the effect of surface temperature between 800 and 1000°C was included is [equation not included] where p(3) is negative. This showed that the operating boiling process in the present spray cooling experiments was unstable film boiling, causing scatter in the data.
An edge index for the Quantum Spin-Hall effect
Creators: name: Prodan, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Spin-Hall systems are topological insulators displaying dissipationless spin currents flowing at the edges of the samples. In contradistinction to the Quantum Hall systems where the charge conductance of the edge modes is quantized, the spin conductance is not and it remained an open problem to find the observable whose edge current is quantized. In this paper, we define a particular observable and the edge current corresponding to this observable. We show that this current is quantized and that the quantization is given by the index of a certain Fredholm operator. This provides a new topological invariant that is shown to take same values as the Spin-Chern number previously introduced in the literature. The result gives an effective tool for the investigation of the edge channels' structure in Quantum Spin-Hall systems. Based on a reasonable assumption, we also show that the edge conducting channels are not destroyed by a random edge.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Motion of water monomers reveals a kinetic barrier to ice nucleation on graphene
Creators: name: Tamtögl, Anton
name: Bahn, Emanuel
name: Sacchi, Marco
name: Zhu, Jianding
name: Ward, David J.
name: Jardine, Andrew P.
name: Jenkins, Stephen J.
name: Fouquet, Peter
name: Ellis, John
name: Allison, William
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/639/638/440
/639/638/440/950
/639/638/542
/639/301/119/544
/639/301/357/918
article

description: Abstract: The interfacial behaviour of water remains a central question to fields as diverse as protein folding, friction and ice formation. While the properties of water at interfaces differ from those in the bulk, major gaps in our knowledge limit our understanding at the molecular level. Information concerning the microscopic motion of water comes mostly from computation and, on an atomic scale, is largely unexplored by experiment. Here, we provide a detailed insight into the behaviour of water monomers on a graphene surface. The motion displays remarkably strong signatures of cooperative behaviour due to repulsive forces between the monomers, enhancing the monomer lifetime ( ≈ 3 s at 125 K) in a free-gas phase that precedes the nucleation of ice islands and, in turn, provides the opportunity for our experiments to be performed. Our results give a molecular perspective on a kinetic barrier to ice nucleation, providing routes to understand and control the processes involved in ice formation.
Multi-component measurements of the Jefferson Lab energy recovery linac electron beam using optical transition and diffraction radiation
Creators: name: Holloway, M. A.
name: Fiorito, R. B.
name: Shkvarunets, A. G.
name: O'Shea, P. G.
name: Benson, S. V.
name: Douglas, D.
name: Evtushenko, P.
name: Jordan, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High brightness electron accelerators, such as energy recovery linacs (ERL), often have complex particle distributions that can create difficulties in beam transport as well as matching to devices such as wigglers used to generate radiation from the beam. Optical transition radiation (OTR), OTR interferometry (OTRI) and optical diffraction-transition radiation interferometry (ODTRI) have proven to be effective tools for diagnosing both the spatial and angular distributions of charged particle beams. OTRI and ODTRI have been used to measure rms divergences and optical transverse phase space mapping has been demonstrated using OTRI. In this work we present the results of diagnostic experiments using OTR and ODR conducted at the Jefferson Laboratory 115 MeV ERL which show the presence of two separate components within the spatial and angular distributions of the beam. By assuming a correlation between the spatial and angular features we estimate an rms emittance value for each of the two components.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures; accepted for publication in PRSTAB; minor formatting errors corrected
Rotation Transformation Network: Learning View-Invariant Point Cloud for Classification and Segmentation
Creators: name: Deng, Shuang
name: Liu, Bo
name: Dong, Qiulei
name: Hu, Zhanyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many recent works show that a spatial manipulation module could boost the performances of deep neural networks (DNNs) for 3D point cloud analysis. In this paper, we aim to provide an insight into spatial manipulation modules. Firstly, we find that the smaller the rotational degree of freedom (RDF) of objects is, the more easily these objects are handled by these DNNs. Then, we investigate the effect of the popular T-Net module and find that it could not reduce the RDF of objects. Motivated by the above two issues, we propose a rotation transformation network for point cloud analysis, called RTN, which could reduce the RDF of input 3D objects to 0. The RTN could be seamlessly inserted into many existing DNNs for point cloud analysis. Extensive experimental results on 3D point cloud classification and segmentation tasks demonstrate that the proposed RTN could improve the performances of several state-of-the-art methods significantly.
Resolving sub-angstrom ambient motion through reconstruction from vibrational spectra
Creators: name: Griffiths, Jack
name: Földes, Tamás
name: De Nijs, Bart
name: Chikkaraddy, Rohit
name: Wright, Demelza
name: Deacon, William M.
name: Berta, Dénes
name: Readman, Charlie
name: Grys, David-Benjamin
name: Rosta, Edina
name: Baumberg, Jeremy J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/639/638/542/971
/639/925/357/404
/639/624/400/1021
/639/638/440/527/1821
/140/133
/119/118
article

description: Abstract: Metal/organic-molecule interactions underpin many key chemistries but occur on sub-nm scales where nanoscale visualisation techniques tend to average over heterogeneous distributions. Single molecule imaging techniques at the atomic scale have found it challenging to track chemical behaviour under ambient conditions. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy can optically monitor the vibrations of single molecules but understanding is limited by the complexity of spectra and mismatch between theory and experiment. We demonstrate that spectra from an optically generated metallic adatom near a molecule of interest can be inverted into dynamic sub-Å metal-molecule interactions using a comprehensive model, revealing anomalous diffusion of a single atom. Transient metal-organic coordination bonds chemically perturb molecular functional groups > 10 bonds away. With continuous improvements in computational methods for modelling large and complex molecular systems, this technique will become increasingly applicable to accurately tracking more complex chemistries.
‘Whirl’d through the World’
Creators: name: Hunt, Karen
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies
Year: 2020

description: New technologies of mobility which emerged in the wake of industrialisation helped to create a radical diaspora which in the first decades of the twentieth century began to create new transnationalist politics. This diaspora of socialists, feminists and anarchists consisted both of migrants (whose politics spurred migration or whose migration prompted political engagement) and travellers. Amongst the latter was Dora Montefiore, an English suffragist, socialist and later communist, who sought to make an internationalist politics in the last years of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth. During her personal political journey through the changing landscape of progressive politics, travel was to be an important ingredient in her developing political practice. This essay explores the ways in which travel affected how Montefiore ‘did’ her politics. It considers why travel was such an important feature of her life as well as the different kinds of political travel she engaged in and its function in her politics. Political tourism, networking and propagandist tours are all explored. For Montefiore, travel could enable unforeseen conversations, serendipitous encounters, new experiences and even friendships which could be put to work by her as a political activist. These experiences often had a lasting effect on her politics. Travel could also be transformative when it was about leisure, pleasure and recuperation. Many of Montefiore’s journeys contained all of these elements. However, increasingly the constraints on such travel, particularly the growth of police surveillance, changed the nature of how travel was experienced by political activists and thus what they could do with it within their politics. This essay is therefore about the possibilities of travel for a political activist, but also its limitations. How a radical activist ‘whirl’d through the world’ was always contingent, but the process of this kind of political travel necessarily affected the traveller herself as well as those she encountered along the way.
description: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, Bd. 22 Nr. 1 (2011): Politisch Reisen
‘Old timers who still keep going’: retirement in Ghana?
Creators: name: Van Den Bersselaar, Dmitri
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies
Year: 2011

description: This article looks at the retirement experience of Ghanaian employees of the United Africa Company (UAC), from the 1940s until the present day. Retirement was a new concept in Ghana, and UAC employees were among the first who were expected to retire by a specific age, and for whom pension provision was made. Their experience took place against the background of an incomplete introduction of legislation aimed at providing financial security in old age. The article explores this background, the views of UAC management on the retirement of African staff, and UAC’s strategies to ensure that employees were prepared for retirement. It also examines the views of the people about to be retired and the rituals that marked retirement. This is followed by an exploration of the post-retirement activities of UAC pensioners. Throughout the period under examination, former UAC employees did not regard retirement as the transition to a period of ‘well earned rest’, but rather as a transition to new economic activities, alongside a continuation of social activities and perhaps the gaining of the status of an elder or a Chief in the community. The failure to implement a comprehensive pension scheme in Ghana largely reflects the impact of economic and political crises, and also the difficulty of including a large informal sector in such a scheme. However, this article also highlights the existence of cultural factors that made the concept of leisurely retirement unattractive in the Ghanaian context.
description: Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, Bd. 22 Nr. 3 (2011): Ruhestand
Conformal Field Theory as Microscopic Dynamics of Incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations
Creators: name: Fouxon, Itzhak
name: Oz, Yaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the hydrodynamics of relativistic conformal field theories at finite temperature. We show that the limit of slow motions of the ideal hydrodynamics leads to the non-relativistic incompressible Euler equation. For viscous hydrodynamics we show that the limit of slow motions leads to the non-relativistic incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. We explain the physical reasons for the reduction and discuss the implications. We propose that conformal field theories provide a fundamental microscopic viewpoint of the equations and the dynamics governed by them.
description: 4 pages
Comparison of High-degree Solar Acoustic Frequencies and Asymmetry between Velocity and Intensity Data
Creators: name: Tripathy, S. C.
name: Antia, H. M.
name: Jain, Kiran
name: Hill, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the local helioseismic technique of ring diagram we analyze the frequencies of high--degree f- and p-modes derived from both velocity and continuum intensity data observed by MDI. Fitting the spectra with asymmetric peak profiles, we find that the asymmetry associated with velocity line profiles is negative for all frequency ranges agreeing with previous observations while the asymmetry of the intensity profiles shows a complex and frequency dependent behavior. We also observe systematic frequency differences between intensity and velocity spectra at the high end of the frequency range, mostly above 4 mHz. We infer that this difference arises from the fitting of the intensity rather than the velocity spectra. We also show that the frequency differences between intensity and velocity do not vary significantly from the disk center to the limb when the spectra are fitted with the asymmetric profile and conclude that only a part of the background is correlated with the intensity oscillations.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Prospects for the habitability of OGLE-2006-BLG-109L
Creators: name: Malhotra, Renu
name: Minton, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extrasolar system OGLE-2006-BLG-109L is the first multiple-planet system to be discovered by gravitational microlensing (Gaudi et al., 2008); the two large planets that have been detected have mass ratios, semimajor axis ratios, and equilibrium temperatures that are similar to those of Jupiter and Saturn; the mass of the host star is only 0.5 M_sun, and the system is more compact than our own Solar system. We find that in the habitable zone of the host star, the two detected planets resonantly excite large orbital eccentricities on a putative earth-mass planet, driving such a planet out of the habitable zone. We show that an additional inner planet of ~>0.3M_earth at
description: 11 pages including 4 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ-Letters