cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Experimental Verification of Van Vleck Nature of Long-Range Ferromagnetic Order in Vanadium-Doped Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator Sb$_{2}$Te$_{3}$
Creators: name: Li, Mingda
name: Chang, Cui-Zu
name: Wu, Lijun
name: Tao, Jing
name: Zhao, Weiwei
name: Chan, Moses H. W.
name: Moodera, Jagadeesh
name: Li, Ju
name: Zhu, Yimei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate by high resolution low temperature electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements that the long range ferromagnetic (FM) order in vanadium (V)-doped topological insulator Sb$_2$Te$_3$ has the nature of van Vleck-type ferromagnetism. The positions and the relative amplitudes of two core-level peaks (L$_3$ and L$_2$) of the V EELS spectrum show unambiguous change when the sample is cooled from room temperature to T=10K. Magnetotransport and comparison of the measured and simulated EELS spectra confirm that these changes originate from onset of FM order. Crystal field analysis indicates that in V-doped Sb$_2$Te$_3$, partially filled core states contribute to the FM order. Since van Vleck magnetism is a result of summing over all states, this magnetization of core level verifies the van Vleck-type ferromagnetism in a direct manner.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
An approach for normalization and quality control for NanoString RNA expression data
Creators: name: Pietzak, E.,
name: Hamilton, A.M.
name: Love, M.I.
name: Purdue, M.P.
name: Hoadley, K.A.
name: Furberg, H.
name: Troester, M.A.
name: Bhattacharya, A.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2021

description: The NanoString RNA counting assay for formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples is unique in its sensitivity, technical reproducibility and robustness for analysis of clinical and archival samples. While commercial normalization methods are provided by NanoString, they are not optimal for all settings, particularly when samples exhibit strong technical or biological variation or where housekeeping genes have variable performance across the cohort. Here, we develop and evaluate a more comprehensive normalization procedure for NanoString data with steps for quality control, selection of housekeeping targets, normalization and iterative data visualization and biological validation. The approach was evaluated using a large cohort (N= 1649$) from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, two cohorts of moderate sample size (N=359 and 130) and a small published dataset (N=12). The iterative process developed here eliminates technical variation (e.g. from different study phases or sites) more reliably than the three other methods, including NanoString's commercial package, without diminishing biological variation, especially in long-term longitudinal multiphase or multisite cohorts. We also find that probe sets validated for nCounter, such as the PAM50 gene signature, are impervious to batch issues. This work emphasizes that systematic quality control, normalization and visualization of NanoString nCounter data are an imperative component of study design that influences results in downstream analyses.
Additional file 5 of Acceptability, reach and implementation of a training to enhance teachers’ skills in physical activity promotion
Creators: name: Renko, Elina
name: Knittle, Keegan
name: Palsola, Minttu
name: Lintunen, Taru
name: Hankonen, Nelli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Types of adaptations and implementations in the teacher workshop delivery by those respondents who report having delivered or intending to deliver the program in some form.
SMNN: batch effect correction for single-cell RNA-seq data via supervised mutual nearest neighbor detection
Creators: name: Shen, Y.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Shen, Y.
name: Wilhelmsen, K.C.
name: Li, Y.
name: Qian, H.
name: Wilhelmsen, K.C.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Qian, H.
name: Li, G.
name: Li, Y.
name: Li, G.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2021

description: Batch effect correction has been recognized to be indispensable when integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from multiple batches. State-of-the-art methods ignore single-cell cluster label information, but such information can improve the effectiveness of batch effect correction, particularly under realistic scenarios where biological differences are not orthogonal to batch effects. To address this issue, we propose SMNN for batch effect correction of scRNA-seq data via supervised mutual nearest neighbor detection. Our extensive evaluations in simulated and real datasets show that SMNN provides improved merging within the corresponding cell types across batches, leading to reduced differentiation across batches over MNN, Seurat v3 and LIGER. Furthermore, SMNN retains more cell-type-specific features, partially manifested by differentially expressed genes identified between cell types after SMNN correction being biologically more relevant, with precision improving by up to 841.0%.
(501046) Frank Arthur Spire
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Systematic Review of Racial Disparities in Early Onset Colorectal Cancer-  An Analysis of Incidence
Creators: name: Eason, Caitlin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background 

The incidence rates of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), or CRC in adults younger than 50 years of age, have increased over the last few decades. In those with average onset CRC, racial disparities have been well established. Although EOCRC has gained a tremendous amount of media attention and scientific research, there is limited consensus as to whether such racial disparities also occur in the young adult population.

Aims 

To determine whether there are racial disparities in the incidence rates and trends in incidence of EOCRC and how these metrics might differ by race/ethnicity.  

Methods 

In March 2021, we conducted a systematic review of published literature of PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases by utilizing a combination of terms pertaining to ‘young’ or ‘early’, ‘colorectal neoplasm’, and ‘race’ or ‘disparities.’ Our search was limited to publications in the US from the last decade (2011-2021). 

Results 

A total of 10 studies were included in our analysis, all of which were observational studies that characterized the incidence of EOCRC. Eight studies reported incidence rates, while six reported on incidence trends. Half (50%) of the studies analyzed these primary outcomes with geographical/regional influences or limitations, three of which were state specific. Most articles suggested racial disparities present in the incidence of EOCRC with most reporting highest rates for the Non-Hispanic Black/African American (NHB/AA) population. However, racial disparities were not as evident in incidence trends as most studies reported significant increases in EOCRC for the Non-Hispanic White (NHW) population, with NHB/AA populations remaining high yet stable or declining. 

Conclusions 

Racial disparities in EOCRC exist with most reported rates remaining highest for the NHB/AA population. Although, the gap is narrowing as trends steadily increase for NHWs. This review was limited by several inconsistencies including: geographic/regional limitations, differences in time periods analyzed, age stratification, racial/ethnic grouping, and measures in incidence/trends. Despite such variability, disparities were evident suggesting the need for further research and interventions to address the apparent inequities in EOCRC.
Additional file 1 of The impact of a multi-domain intervention on cerebral glucose metabolism: analysis from the randomized ancillary FDG PET MAPT trial
Creators: name: Delrieu, Julien
name: Voisin, Thierry
name: Saint-Aubert, Laure
name: Carrie, Isabelle
name: Cantet, Christelle
name: Vellas, Bruno
name: Payoux, Pierre
name: Andrieu, Sandrine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. 1. Predefined cortical regions of interest included in primary outcome from Harvard-Oxford atlas. Supplementary Table 1. Estimated mean difference in 6- and 12-month change from baseline on brain glucose metabolism for the intervention groups according to adherence compared to the « Control group » (No MI and no omega-3 supplementation). Supplementary Table 2. Estimated mean difference in 6- and 12-month change from baseline on cognitive composite score for the intervention groups compared to the « Control group ». Supplementary Table 3. Estimated mean difference in 6- and 12-month change from baseline on cognitive composite score for the intervention groups according to adherence compared to the « Control group ».
APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE METHODS IN DISTANCE LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Creators: name: Rybak, M.V.
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2022
Subjects: ACTIVITY APPROACH
DISTANCE LEARNING
E-LEARNING
INSTRUCTIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
STUDENT-CENTRED EDUCATION SYSTEM
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION
TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENTATION

description: This article examines the issue of educational methodology elaboration in terms of distance education form. It is suggested that the educational method is elaborated by every educator individually. It is speculated that the educator may face the issue of previously elaborated method implementation in terms of e-learning. In accordance with this the concepts of the most popular education systems are being analyzed in this article. It is suggested, that the majority of the educators elaborate their own methods on the basis of the following systems. Thus, the most outstanding teaching methods are being considered: the instructional developmental education system by L.V. Zankov, activity approach by L.G. Peterson and student-centred education system by I.S. Yakimanskaya. The article aims to reveal the possibility to implement the mentioned teaching methods or their separate techniques in terms of online learning. Based on the analysis of each teaching method the variant of its implementation and adaptation into the reality of e-learning is being suggested. The capabilities of separate techniques compilation and interconnection are also considered in this arcitcle.
THE USE OF NEURO-LINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Creators: name: Krylova, T.V.
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2022
Subjects: NEURO-LINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING
BEHAVIOR TEMPLATES
RAPPORT
ANCHORING METHOD
MOTIVATION LEVEL
MULTI-SENSE LEARNING
EMOTIONAL CONTROL
POSITIVE BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT

description: This article examines the issue of the motivation level enhancement among the students of non-linguistic University in terms of the foreign language study. Under present-day conditions the concern of low motivation level among students is dramatically increasing, which in its tern consistently leads to a significant underperformance of the educational process. The author of the article contemplates, that the main way of motivation level elevation resolves itself to positive relationship building and the formation of an emotional connection between the educator and the student, aiming to design the most unfettered environment in terms of in-class learning. It is granted that the main instrumentality to develop a mental atmosphere needed for the productive educational process is the implementation of neuro-linguistic programming techniques. In this respect the analysis of the main and the most effective NLP techniques and methods takes place. The paper also includes the theoretical base of modeling as one of common NLP notions, which stimulates not only the designing of a favorable working environment, but also the realization of ongoing monitoring and the prediction of the educational process results. The possibility of individual educator's methods upgrading under the conditions of NLP techniques implementation is also set forward.
title: Optimized Monitoring and Detection of Internet of Things resources-constraints Cyber Attacks
Creators: name: Al Waisi, Zainab Ali Obaid
Publisher: name: IMT Alti Studi Lucca
Year: 2023

description: This research takes place in the context of the optimized monitoring and detec- tion of Internet of Things (IoT) resource-constraints attacks. Meanwhile, the In- ternet of Everything (IoE) concept is presented as a wider extension of IoT. How- ever, the IoE realization meets critical challenges, including the limited network coverage and the limited resources of existing network technologies and smart devices. The IoT represents a network of embedded devices that are uniquely identifiable and have embedded software required to communicate between the transient states. The IoT enables a connection between billions of sensors, actu- ators, and even human beings to the Internet, creating a wide range of services, some of which are mission-critical. However, IoT networks are faulty; things are resource-constrained in terms of energy and computational capabilities. For IoT systems performing a critical mission, it is crucial to ensure connectivity, availability, and device reliability, which requires proactive device state moni- toring. This dissertation presents an approach to optimize the monitoring and detection of resource-constraints attacks in IoT and IoE smart devices. First, it has been shown that smart devices suffer from resource-constraints problems; therefore, using lightweight algorithms to detect and mitigate the resource-constraints at- tack is essential. Practical analysis and monitoring of smart device resources’ are included and discussed to understand the behaviour of the devices before and after attacking real smart devices. These analyses are straightforwardly extended for building lightweight detection and mitigation techniques against energy and memory attacks. Detection of energy consumption attacks based on monitoring the package reception rate of smart devices is proposed to de- tect energy attacks in smart devices effectively. The proposed lightweight algo- rithm efficiently detects energy attacks for different protocols, e.g., TCP, UDP, and MQTT. Moreover, analyzing memory usage attacks is also considered in this thesis. Therefore, another lightweight algorithm is also built to detect the memory-usage attack once it appears and stops. This algorithm considers mon- itoring the memory usage of the smart devices when the smart devices are Idle, Active, and Under attack. Based on the presented methods and monitoring analysis, the problem of resource-constraint attacks in IoT systems is systemat- ically eliminated by parameterizing the lightweight algorithms to adapt to the resource-constraint problems of the smart devices.
Additional file 3 of Acceptability, reach and implementation of a training to enhance teachers’ skills in physical activity promotion
Creators: name: Renko, Elina
name: Knittle, Keegan
name: Palsola, Minttu
name: Lintunen, Taru
name: Hankonen, Nelli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Experienced acceptability (EA) and anticipated acceptability (AA).
(501039) Montague Kemmis Johnson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On Detecting Noun-Adjective Agreement Errors in Bulgarian Language Using GATE
Creators: name: Borisova, Nadezhda
name: Iliev, Grigor
name: Karashtranova, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this article, we describe an approach for automatic detection of noun-adjective agreement errors in Bulgarian texts by explaining the necessary steps required to develop a simple Java-based language processing application. For this purpose, we use the GATE language processing framework, which is capable of analyzing texts in Bulgarian language and can be embedded in software applications, accessed through a set of Java APIs. In our example application we also demonstrate how to use the functionality of GATE to perform regular expressions over annotations for detecting agreement errors in simple noun phrases formed by two words - attributive adjective and a noun, where the attributive adjective precedes the noun. The provided code samples can also be used as a starting point for implementing natural language processing functionalities in software applications related to language processing tasks like detection, annotation and retrieval of word groups meeting a specific set of criteria.
description: 8 pages
TOWARDS CREATING A MULTILINGUAL DICTIONARY OF TOURIST TERMS
Creators: name: Avagyan, A.A.
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2022
Subjects: MULTILINGUAL DICTIONARIES
TOURISM TERMINOLOGY
RUSSIAN
ENGLISH

description: The development of international tourism gives rise to a number of new concepts and special terminology which forms the basis for dictionaries of tourism terms. However, most of them are mono- and bilingual, while multilingual dictionaries would be especially useful for future employees of the tourism industry and international visitors. This article contains a description of main characteristic features of tourism terminology and a brief review of three dictionaries of tourism terms - “The Great Glossary of Terms for International Tourism”, “The Multilingual Dictionary of Tourism (Nature - Culture - Travel)” and “Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary. Tourism”. The research aims to present possible structure of a new multilingual dictionary based on the advantages of published dictionaries under analysis. It is suggested to compile an electronic dictionary including terms and their definitions in six languages: English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French. The choice of languages is explained by their popularity around the world. Furthermore, four of them are official languages of UNWTO and all of them are official languages of UNESCO. Such dictionary will help to avoid ambiguous interpretation of key concepts in the tourism industry in six languages most spoken around the world. The research methodology includes a content analysis of tourism dictionaries and an in-depth theoretical review.
Author's Response: Targeting Treatments to Health Disparities
Creators: name: Freedman, R.
name: Noonan, K.
name: McCarthy, L.
name: Hunter, S.K.
name: Christians, U.
name: Wyrwa, A.
name: Nakimuli-Mpungu, E.
name: D'Alessandro, A.
name: Zeisel, S.H.
name: Hoffman, M.C.
name: Law, A.J.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: These initial data suggest that with prenatal vitamins and choline supplements, we might decrease one risk factor associated with poorer health outcomes disproportionally affecting Black families, ie, preterm birth. Dissemination of this research fulfills the principle of Justice in the Belmont Report, to ensure that participants from different racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups receive benefits from research directed to their specific problems.
(500952) Edward Douglas Godwin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(500979) Walter Barton Scobell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additional file 2 of Prospective study on a fast-track training in psychiatry for medical students: the psychiatric hat game
Creators: name: Clément, Anthony
name: Delage, Raphaël
name: Chollier, Marie
name: Josse, Laure
name: Gaudry, Stéphane
name: Jean-Ralph Zahar
name: Baubet, Thierry
name: Degos, Bertrand
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Multiple Choice Questions assessing students’ knowledge of psychiatric symptoms and signs. Medical students were asked to answer this questionnaire before and right after the game session. MCQs were also completed 3 months after the session.
Multi-field formulation of gravitational particle production after inflation
Creators: name: Watanabe, Yuki
name: White, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study multi-field inflation models that contain a non-trivial field-space metric and a non-minimal coupling between the gravity and inflaton sectors. In such models it is known that even in the absence of explicit interaction terms the inflaton sector can decay into matter as a result of its non-minimal coupling to gravity, thereby reheating the Universe gravitationally. Using the Bogoliubov approach we evaluate the gravitational decay rates of the inflaton fields into both scalars and fermions, and analyse the reheating dynamics. We also discuss how the interpretation of the reheating dynamics differs in the so-called Jordan and Einstein frames, highlighting that the calculation of the Bogoliubov coefficients is independent of the frame in which one starts.
description: 23 pages. v2: Minor changes and references added to match published version
(500980) Edward Yarde Orlebar
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
COVID-19 community spread and consequences for prison case rates
Creators: name: Peterson, M.
name: Nowotny, K.M.
name: Maner, M.
name: Ranapurwala, S.
name: Brinkley-Rubinstein, L.
name: LeMasters, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background COVID-19 and mass incarceration are closely intertwined with prisons having COVID-19 case rates much higher than the general population. COVID-19 has highlighted the relationship between incarceration and health, but prior work has not explored how COVID-19 spread in communities have influenced case rates in prisons. Our objective was to understand the relationship between COVID-19 case rates in the general population and prisons located in the same county. Methods Using North Carolina’s (NC) Department of Health and Human Services data, this analysis examines all COVID-19 tests conducted in NC from June-August 2020. Using interrupted time series analysis, we assessed the relationship between substantial community spread (50/100,000 detected in the last seven days) and active COVID-19 case rates (cases detected in the past 14 days/100,000) within prisons. Results From June-August 2020, NC ordered 29,605 tests from prisons and detected 1,639 cases. The mean case rates were 215 and 427 per 100,000 in the general and incarcerated population, respectively. Once counties reached substantial COVID-19 spread, the COVID-19 prison case rate increased by 118.55 cases per 100,000 (95% CI: -3.71, 240.81). Conclusions Community COVID-19 spread contributes to COVID-19 case rates in prisons. In counties with prisons, community spread should be closely monitored. Stringent measures within prisons (e.g., vaccination) and decarceration should be prioritized to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks.
Additional file 3 of Prospective study on a fast-track training in psychiatry for medical students: the psychiatric hat game
Creators: name: Clément, Anthony
name: Delage, Raphaël
name: Chollier, Marie
name: Josse, Laure
name: Gaudry, Stéphane
name: Jean-Ralph Zahar
name: Baubet, Thierry
name: Degos, Bertrand
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Satisfaction survey completed by the students after the game session.
Collisional behaviors of astrophysical collisionless plasmas
Creators: name: Bret, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In collisional fluids, a number of key processes rely on the frequency of binary collisions. Collisions seem necessary to generate a shock wave when two fluids collide fast enough, to fulfill the Rankine-Hugoniot relations, to establish an equation of state or a Maxwellian distribution. Yet, these seemingly collisional features are routinely either observed or assumed, in relation with collision\emph{less} astrophysical plasmas. This article will review our current answers to the following questions: How do colliding collisionless plasmas end-up generating a shock as if they were fluids? To which extent are the Rankine-Hugoniot relations fulfilled in this case? Do collisionless shocks propagate like fluid ones? Can we use an equation of state to describe collisionless plasmas, like MHD codes for astrophysics do? Why are Maxwellian distributions ubiquitous in Particle-In-Cell simulations of collisionless shocks? Time and length scales defining the border between the collisional and the collisionless behavior will be given when relevant. In general, when the time and length scales involved in the collisionless processes responsible for the fluid-like behavior may be neglected, the system may be treated like a fluid.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the Lab Astrophysics Special Issue of "Journal of Plasma Physics"
(501009) Charles Augustus Langton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A prospective study of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals involved in academic research under limited operations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Jadi, Ramesh
name: Aiello, Allison
name: Tan, Joyce
name: Shook-Sa, Bonnie E.
name: Jones, Corbin D.
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Kim, Min
name: de Silva, Aravinda M.
name: Weber, David J.
name: Maile, Robert
name: Wallet, Shannon
name: Premkumar, Lakshmanane
name: Kuczynski, Kriste
name: DiPrete, Bethany L.
name: Dittmer, Dirk
name: Pluta, Linda
name: Seña, Arlene C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background Early in the pandemic, transmission risk from asymptomatic infection was unclear, making it imperative to monitor infection in workplace settings. Further, data on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence within university populations has been limited. Methods We performed a longitudinal study of University research employees on campus July-December 2020. We conducted questionnaires on COVID-19 risk factors, RT-PCR testing, and SARS-CoV-2 serology using an in-house spike RBD assay, laboratory-based Spike NTD assay, and standard nucleocapsid platform assay. We estimated prevalence and cumulative incidence of seroconversion with 95% confidence intervals using the inverse of the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results 910 individuals were included in this analysis. At baseline, 6.2% (95% CI 4.29–8.19) were seropositive using the spike RBD assay; four (0.4%) were seropositive using the nucleocapsid assay, and 44 (4.8%) using the Spike NTD assay. Cumulative incidence was 3.61% (95% CI: 2.04–5.16). Six asymptomatic individuals had positive RT-PCR results. Conclusions Prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections were low; however, differences in target antigens of serological tests provided different estimates. Future research on appropriate methods of serological testing in unvaccinated and vaccinated populations is needed. Frequent RT-PCR testing of asymptomatic individuals is required to detect acute infections, and repeated serosurveys are beneficial for monitoring subclinical infection.
Genomewide CRISPR knockout screen identified PLAC8 as an essential factor for SADS-CoVs infection
Creators: name: Adams, Lily E.
name: Wykoff, Jason A.
name: Dong, Stephanie
name: Munt, Jennifer E.
name: Gonzalez, Liara M.
name: Shaffer, Kendall M.
name: Morowitz, Jeremy M.
name: Magness, Scott T.
name: Tse, Longping V.
name: Hou, Yixuan J.
name: Meganck, Rita M.
name: Yount, Boyd L.
name: Ehre, Camille
name: Marzluff, William F.
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Araba, Kenza C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Zoonotic transmission of coronaviruses poses an ongoing threat to human populations. Endemic outbreaks of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) have caused severe economic losses in the pig industry and have the potential to cause human outbreaks. Currently, there are no vaccines or specific antivirals against SADS-CoV, and our limited understanding of SADS-CoV host entry factors could hinder prompt responses to a potential human outbreak. Using a genomewide CRISPR knockout
screen, we identified placenta-associated 8 protein (PLAC8) as an essential host factor for SADS-CoV infection. Knockout of PLAC8 abolished SADS-CoV infection, which was restored by complementing PLAC8 from multiple species, including human, rhesus
macaques, mouse, pig, pangolin, and bat, suggesting a conserved infection pathway and susceptibility of SADS-CoV among mammals. Mechanistically, PLAC8 knockout does not affect viral entry; rather, knockout cells displayed a delay and reduction in viral subgenomic RNA expression. In a swine primary intestinal epithelial culture (IEC) infection model, differentiated cultures have high levels of PLAC8 expression and support SADS-CoV replication. In contrast, expanding IECs have low levels of PLAC8 expression
and are resistant to SADS-CoV infection. PLAC8 expression patterns translate in vivo; the immunohistochemistry of swine ileal tissue revealed high levels of PLAC8 protein in neonatal compared to adult tissue, mirroring the known SADS-CoV pathogenesis
in neonatal piglets. Overall, PLAC8 is an essential factor for SADS-CoV infection and may serve as a promising target for antiviral development for potential pandemic SADS-CoV.
(500971) Charles Austin Saunders
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additional file 1 of Longitudinal changes in sports activity from pre-diagnosis to first five years post-diagnosis: a prospective Chinese breast cancer cohort study
Creators: name: Lei, Yuan-Yuan
name: Ho, Suzanne C.
name: Kwok, Carol
name: Cheng, Ashley
name: Cheung, Ka Li
name: Lee, Roselle
name: Yeo, Winnie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary Table 1. Modified Chinese Baecke Questionnaire. Supplementary Table 2. Changes in level of physical activity between pre- and post-Changes in level of physical activity between pre- and post-diagnosis for individual patient. Supplementary Table 3. Multivariable logistic regression model assessing changes from no or low to high level of exercise group for individual patient in relation to socio-demographic and clinical factors. Supplementary Table 4. Multivariable linear regression model assessing absolute changes in level of physical activity between pre- and post-diagnosis in relation to socio-demographic and clinical factors.
Additional file 1 of Using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory questionnaire to quantify the health benefits of lymphoedema treatment in patients with head and neck cancer
Creators: name: Halliday, Edwin
name: Gittins, Jayne
name: Ahsan, Syed Farhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Symplectic instanton bundles on P3 and 't Hooft instantons
Creators: name: Bruzzo, Ugo
name: Markushevich, Dimitri
name: Tikhomirov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20, 14J60

description: We study the moduli space $I_{n,r}$ of rank-$2r$ symplectic instanton vector bundles on $\mathbb{P}^3$ with $r\ge2$ and second Chern class $n\ge r+1,\ n-r\equiv 1(\mathrm{mod}2)$. We introduce the notion of tame symplectic instantons by excluding a kind of pathological monads and show that the locus $I^*_{n,r}$ of tame symplectic instantons is irreducible and has the expected dimension, equal to $4n(r+1)-r(2r+1)$. The proof is inherently based on a relation between the spaces $I^*_{n,r}$ and the moduli spaces of 't Hooft instantons
description: 14 pages
Extremal Rotating Black Holes in the Near-Horizon Limit: Phase Space and Symmetry Algebra
Creators: name: Compère, G.
name: Hajian, K.
name: Seraj, A.
name: Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the NHEG phase space, the classical phase space of Near-Horizon Extremal Geometries with fixed angular momenta and entropy, and with the largest symmetry algebra. We focus on vacuum solutions to $d$ dimensional Einstein gravity. Each element in the phase space is a geometry with $SL(2,\mathbb R)\times U(1)^{d-3}$ isometries which has vanishing $SL(2,\mathbb R)$ and constant $U(1)$ charges. We construct an on-shell vanishing symplectic structure, which leads to an infinite set of symplectic symmetries. In four spacetime dimensions, the phase space is unique and the symmetry algebra consists of the familiar Virasoro algebra, while in $d>4$ dimensions the symmetry algebra, the NHEG algebra, contains infinitely many Virasoro subalgebras. The nontrivial central term of the algebra is proportional to the black hole entropy. This phase space and in particular its symmetries might serve as a basis for a semiclassical description of extremal rotating black hole microstates.
description: Published in PLB, 5 pages
(500844) William Brindley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase confer resistance to remdesivir by distinct mechanisms
Creators: name: Cihlar, Tomas
name: Hughes, Tia M.
name: Stevens, Laura J.
name: Lu, Xiaotao
name: Porter, Danielle P.
name: George, Amelia S.
name: Perry, Jason K.
name: Tchesnokov, Egor P.
name: Lee, Hery W.
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Li, Jiani
name: Gribble, Jennifer
name: Sheahan, Timothy P.
name: Denison, Mark R.
name: Gordon, Calvin J.
name: Pruijssers, Andrea J.
name: Götte, Matthias
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The nucleoside analog remdesivir (RDV) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiviral for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Thus, it is critical to understand factors that promote or prevent RDV resistance. We passaged SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of increasing concentrations of GS-441524, the parent nucleoside of RDV. After 13 passages, we isolated three viral lineages with phenotypic resistance as defined by increases in half-maximal effective
concentration (EC50) from 2.7-to 10.4-fold. Sequence analysis identified non-synonymous mutations in nonstructural protein 12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12-RdRp): V166A, N198S, S759A, V792I and C799F/R. Two lineages encoded the S759A substitution at the RdRp Ser759-Asp-Asp active motif. In one lineage, the V792I substitution emerged first, then combined with S759A. Introduction of S759A and V792I substitutions at homologous nsp12 positions in murine hepatitis virus (MHV) demonstrated transferability across betacoronaviruses; introduction of these substitutions resulted in up to 38-fold RDV resistance and a replication defect. Biochemical analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp encoding S759A demonstrated a roughly 10-fold decreased preference for RDV-triphosphate (RDV-TP) as a substrate, whereas nsp12-V792I diminished the uridine-triphosphate (UTP) concentration needed to overcome template-dependent inhibition associated with RDV. The in vitro-selected substitutions identified in this study were rare or not detected in the greater than 6 million publicly available nsp12-RdRp consensus sequences in the absence of RDV selection. The results define genetic and biochemical pathways to RDV resistance and emphasize the
need for additional studies to define the potential for emergence of these or other RDV resistance mutations in clinical settings.
(500948) Matthew Davenport Hill
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additional file 1 of Prospective study on a fast-track training in psychiatry for medical students: the psychiatric hat game
Creators: name: Clément, Anthony
name: Delage, Raphaël
name: Chollier, Marie
name: Josse, Laure
name: Gaudry, Stéphane
name: Jean-Ralph Zahar
name: Baubet, Thierry
name: Degos, Bertrand
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. List of the 63 symptoms and signs used in the game and their indicative English translation. Twenty-two of them were found too difficult to guess by mime at round 3. For these items, students were told to play them as theater stage. They were written in red on the cards but appear here in italic.
Protease-anti-protease compartmentalization in SARS-CoV-2 ARDS: Therapeutic implications
Creators: name: Curley, G.
name: Boucher, R.C.
name: Okuda, K.
name: Zumwalt, R.E.
name: Gabillard, C.
name: Torres-Castillo, J.L.
name: McEvoy, N.L.
name: Wolfgang, M.C.
name: Clarke, J.
name: Reeves, E.P.
name: Asakura, T.
name: Thorne, L.B.
name: Murphy, M.P.
name: Hagan, R.S.
name: Meinig, S.L.
name: Hogan, G.
name: McCarthy, C.
name: McElvaney, O.F.
name: Mallon, P.W.
name: Carroll, T.P.
name: McElvaney, O.J.
name: Borczuk, A.
name: Mikami, Y.
name: McElvaney, N.G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is elevated in SARS-CoV-2 infection. IL-6 regulates acute-phase proteins, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), a key lung anti-protease. We investigated the protease-anti-protease balance in the circulation and pulmonary compartments in SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared to non-SARS-CoV-2 ARDS (nsARDS) and the effects of tocilizumab (IL-6 receptor antagonist) on anti-protease defence in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Levels and activity of AAT and neutrophil elastase (NE) were measured in plasma, airway tissue and tracheal secretions (TA) of people with SARS-CoV-2 ARDS or nsARDS. AAT and IL-6 levels were evaluated in people with moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection who received standard of care +/- tocilizumab. Findings AAT plasma levels doubled in SARS-CoV-2 ARDS. In lung parenchyma AAT levels were increased, as was the percentage of neutrophils involved in NET formation. A protease-anti-protease imbalance was detected in TA with active NE and no active AAT. The airway anti-protease, secretory leukoprotease inhibitor was decreased in SARS-CoV-2-infected lungs and cleaved in TA. In nsARDS, plasma AAT levels were elevated but TA samples had less AAT cleavage, with no detectable active NE in most samples. Induction of AAT in ARDS occurred mainly through IL-6. Tocilizumab down-regulated AAT during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interpretation There is a protease-anti-protease imbalance in the airways of SARS-CoV-2-ARDS patients. This imbalance is a target for anti-protease therapy. Funding NIH Serological Sciences Network, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.