Additional file 1 of Nationwide survey of refractory asthma with bronchiectasis by inflammatory subtypes
Creators: name: Nomura, Natsuko
name: Matsumoto, Hisako
name: Yokoyama, Akihito
name: Nishimura, Yoshihiro
name: Asano, Koichiro
name: Niimi, Akio
name: Tohda, Yuji
name: Harada, Norihiro
name: Nagase, Hiroyuki
name: Nagata, Makoto
name: Inoue, Hiromasa
name: Kondo, Mitsuko
name: Horiguchi, Takahiko
name: Miyahara, Nobuaki
name: Hizawa, Nobuyuki
name: Hojo, Masayuki
name: Hattori, Noboru
name: Hashimoto, Naozumi
name: Yamasaki, Akira
name: Kadowaki, Toru
name: Kimura, Tomoki
name: Miki, Mari
name: Taniguchi, Hirokazu
name: Toyoshima, Mikio
name: Kawamura, Tetsuji
name: Matsuno, Osamu
name: Sato, Yoko
name: Sunadome, Hironobu
name: Nagasaki, Tadao
name: Oguma, Tsuyoshi
name: Hirai, Toyohiro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Transition patterns of inflammatory types in cases who were not receiving anti-type 2 biologics or regular oral corticosteroids (≥5 mg/day) and were followed up for ≥2 years (n = 51). Red flow indicates former type 2-high group (n = 15), yellow flow indicates former type 2-intermediate group (n = 21) and blue flow indicates former type 2-low inflammatory group (n = 15). Figure S2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for current levels of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) that reflected the presence of A) gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and B) P. aeruginosa in the sputum. Detection rate of C) GNB and D) P. aeruginosa in the sputum according to the FeNO levels, as determined by ROC curve analysis. Figure S3. A) Modified Reiff score and B) number of lobes affected by bronchiolitis in low and high exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) groups. Recent indices were analysed. Boxes and bars indicate upper, lower, and median quartiles. Figure S4. Patterns of cases with exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids (SCS) and antibiotics and bronchopneumonia, according to the transition patterns of inflammatory groups (p = 0.056 among the three groups). Red bar indicates cases with three types of episodes in the last 2 years, i.e., exacerbations requiring SCS and antibiotics, and bronchopneumonia; orange bar, exacerbations requiring SCS and antibiotics; yellow bar, exacerbations requiring SCS only: blue bar, bronchopneumonia and exacerbations requiring antibiotics; purple bar, bronchopneumonia only; green bar, exacerbations requiring antibiotics only. Complete answers were missing from two cases in the low-to-low group, four in the high’-to-low group, and eight in the high’-to-high’ group. Ratios of cases with exacerbation requiring antibiotics (p = 0.01) and bronchopneumonia (p = 0.006) were significantly different among the three groups. Figure S5. Changes in terms of A) inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) doses (equivalent to fluticasone propionate), B) modified Reiff scores, C) number of lobes affected by bronchiolitis, D) detection rates of gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in sputum and E) detection rates of P. aeruginosa in sputum over time. Blue line indicates low-to-low group, yellow line indicates high’-to-low group and pink line indicates high’-to-high’ group. The numbers of cases in the low-to-low, high’-to-low, and high’-to-high’ groups were 17/19/35 for A), 19/21/40 for B); 15/21/34 for C); 17/15/32 for D) and 17/15/32 for E). Figure S6. Transition patterns of airway lesions, i.e., bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, and both, in cases followed for 2 years or more. A) In all cases regardless of type 2 inflammation level, purple flow indicates former bronchiectasis only (n = 17); orange flow, former bronchiolitis only (n = 36); green flow, bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis in the past (n = 63); B) current type 2-high group (n = 14), C) current type 2-intermediate group (n = 17) and D) current type 2-low group (n = 41). Figure S7. Trajectories of blood eosinophil counts of patients with ≥3 data points allocated to A) high’-to-high’, B) high’-to-low and C) low-to-low groups. Patients represented by grey and brown lines in A), who received oral corticosteroids or anti-type 2 biologics, or both, had elevated exhaled nitric oxide (&gt;100 ppb), and they were allocated to the high’-to-high group. Table S1. Characteristics of patients who were and were not stratified. Table S2. Features related to asthma and comorbidities according to the current inflammatory types. Table S3. Most effective treatment evaluated by attending physicians. Table S4. Features related to asthma according to the transition patterns of inflammatory types.