cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
AN OPTIMAL CONTROL MODEL FOR INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT UNDER HERBICIDE RESISTANCE
Creators: name: Gorddard, Russell J.
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Hertzler, Greg
name: Gorddard, Russell J.
name: Pannell, David J.
name: Hertzler, Greg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The presence of weeds which have developed resistance to chemical herbicides is a problem of rapidly growing importance in Australian agriculture. We present an optimal control model of herbicide resistance development in ryegrass, the weed for which resistance is most commonly reported. The model is used to select the optimal combination of chemical and non-chemical control measures taking account of the trade off between short term profits and the long term level of herbicide resistance. Results indicate that given the threat of resistance there are benefits from integrating a combination of chemical and non-chemical control measures. The optimal strategy is found to include a declining herbicide dosage as resistance develops, with compensatory increases in the level of non-chemical control.
DOES TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN AGRICULTURE ALLEVIATE POVERTY? A PHILIPPINE CASE STUDY
Creators: name: Coxhead, Ian A.
name: Warr, Peter G.
name: Coxhead, Ian A.
name: Warr, Peter G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: International Development
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: We examine the impact of technical progress in agriculture on changes in measured poverty and aggregate welfare in a developing country. Using a small general equilibrium model, we show how the economic components of an observed change in poverty can be isolated to expose the significance of intersectoral linkages and the economic roles of changes in relative commodity and factor prices. Variation in the measured rate and distribution of poverty alleviation depends somewhat on the choice of poverty measure, but more substantively on structural assumptions and the effects of policy interventions in agricultural markets.
Counting with rational generating functions
Creators: name: Verdoolaege, Sven
name: Woods, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C07, 05A15, 68Q17

description: We examine two different ways of encoding a counting function, as a rational generating function and explicitly as a function (defined piecewise using the greatest integer function). We prove that, if the degree and number of input variables of the (quasi-polynomial) function are fixed, there is a polynomial time algorithm which converts between the two representations. Examples of such counting functions include Ehrhart quasi-polynomials, vector partition functions, integer points in parametric polytopes, and projections of the integer points in parametric polytopes. For this last example, this algorithm provides the first known way to compute the explicit function in polynomial time. We rely heavily on results of Barvinok, and also of Verdoolaege, Seghir, Beyls, et al.
description: 25 pages; revised version has significant changes to exposition, but same results
ULYSSES REVISITED - A CLOSER LOOK AT THE SAFE MINIMUM STANDARD RULE
Creators: name: Rolfe, John
name: Rolfe, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The Safe Minimum Standard (SMS) Rule has been developed as a decision rule involving environmental assets, particularly species, that face some risk of extinction. The SMS rule has been presented by Bishop (1978) (1979) and Randall (1991) as a better decision process than the use of cost benefit analysis (CBA). This paper explores the relationship between the SMS rule and CBA. It shows that there is a tandem effect in operation because the use of both rules rely on the same underlying preferences in society. There is potential for the two rules to achieve the same results, and doubt over whether the SMS rule is an independent control over CBA. Instead, the SMS rule may simply operate as a nagging mechanism for issues of particular interest. Its use can be seen as a signal to switch to a more intensive examination of costs and benefits, and justified in this format because the benefits of more accurate decisions outweigh the costs of operating the SMS rule. The application of the SMS rule will vary according to the justification for its use.
V363 Cas: a new lithium rich Galactic Cepheid
Creators: name: Catanzaro, G.
name: Ripepi, V.
name: Clementini, G.
name: Cusano, F.
name: De Somma, G.
name: Leccia, S.
name: Marconi, M.
name: Molinaro, R.
name: Moretti, M. I.
name: Musella, I.
name: Testa, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical Cepheids (DCEPs) are important astrophysical objects not only as standard candles in the determination of the cosmic distance ladder, but also as a testbed for the stellar evolution theory, thanks to the strict connection between their pulsation [period(s), amplitudes] and stellar (luminosity, mass, effective temperature, metallicity) parameters. We aim at unveiling the nature of the Galactic DCEP V363 Cas and other DCEPs showing cosmic abundances of lithium in their atmospheres. We have collected three epochs high-resolution spectroscopy for V363 Cas with HARPS-N@TNG. Accurate stellar parameters: effective temperatures, gravities, micro-turbulences, radial velocities, and metal abundances were measured for this star. We detected a lithium abundance of A(Li)=2.86+-0.10 dex, along with iron, carbon and oxygen abundances of [Fe/H]=-0.30+-0.12 dex, [C/H]=-0.06+-0.15 dex and [O/H]=0.00+-0.12 dex. V363 Cas is the fifth among the Milky Way DCEPs to exhibit a Li-rich feature. An analysis of historical time-series spanning a hundred year interval shows that the period of V363 Cas is increasing, with a sharp acceleration after HJD=2453000. This is a clear hint of first crossing of the instability strip. Our results favour the scenario in which the five Galactic Li-rich DCEPs are first-crossing the instability strip having had slowly-rotating progenitors during their main sequence phase.
description: Accepted on Astronomy and Astrophysics (Letter). 5 Pages
Improving alcohol and mental health treatment for lesbian, bisexual and queer women: identity matters
Creators: name: Pennay, Amy
name: McNair, R
name: Hughes, TL
name: Leonard, William
name: Brown, R
name: Lubman, DI
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health
classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems
classificationCode: 4202
subject: Epidemiology

description: Objective: Lesbian, bisexual and queer (LBQ) women experience substantial unmet alcohol and mental health treatment needs. This paper explores the way in which sexual identity shapes experience, and needs, in relation to alcohol and mental health treatment, and presents key messages for improving treatment. Methods: Twenty-five in-depth interviews were undertaken with same-sex attracted Australian women, aged 19–71. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. Results: Key messages offered by participants focused on language, disclosure and practitioner training. Variation in sexual identity did not alter treatment expectations or needs; however, we noted an important difference with respect to identity salience, with high LBQ identity salience linked with preference for disclosure and acknowledgement of sexual identity in treatment interactions, and low identity salience linked with a preference not to disclose and for sexual identity not to require acknowledgement in treatment. Conclusions: Treatment providers may find it useful to gather information about the centrality of sexual identity to LBQ women as a means of overcoming treatment barriers related to heteronormative conventions and discrimination, language and disclosure. Implications for public health: Treatment providers should adopt more inclusive language, seek information about identity salience and the importance of sexual identity to the current treatment, and regularly pursue LBQ-related professional development upskilling.
On the models of nonlocal nonlinear optics
Creators: name: Konopelchenko, Boris G.
name: Moro, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that under certain assumptions a general model of nonlocal nonlinear response in 1+1-dimension is equivalent to the model considered by Krolikowski and Bang for a Kerr-type medium. We derive the limit of weak nonlocality in high frequency regime and discuss the integrable cases.
description: 6 pages
A QUEUEING MODEL FOR EGG PRICE DETERMINATION
Creators: name: Strong, S.M.
name: Wolanowski, A.M.
name: Strong, S.M.
name: Wolanowski, A.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The determination of the price paid to its suppliers and by its customers is a major task for some marketing authorities. The commodity arrives randomly at the authority's facility and is removed randomly by customers. Between arrival and departure, the commodity awaits processing, is processed (graded, packed), and awaits removal by a customer. It is suggested that this similarity to a queue enables a profit function, dependent on price, to be constructed. Determination of the price maximising this function is seen to be one solution to the price setting problem.
Multivariable moment problems
Creators: name: Popescu, Gelu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A57, 42A82, 46L07, 46L54

description: In this paper we solve moment problems for Poisson transforms and, more generally, for completely positive linear maps on unital C*-algebras generated by ''universal'' row contractions associated with the free semigroup with n generators.
EFFECT OF RISK PERSPECTIVE ON FERTILIZER CHOICE BY SHARECROPPERS
Creators: name: Paudel, Krishna P.
name: Lohr, Luanne
name: Martin, Neil R.
name: Paudel, Krishna P.
name: Lohr, Luanne
name: Martin, Neil R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Southeast U.S.
subject: Sharecroppers
subject: Regret minimizer
subject: Risk averse
subject: Peanut-Corn rotation

description: Peanut and corn are two major crops in the tri-state area of the Southeast US, an area encompassing North Florida, Southwest Georgia, and Southeast Alabama. Sharecroppers in this region apply higher amount of input in crop production than the average farmers. We analyzed the behavior of sharecroppers in this region with regard to their fertilizer application decisions. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested based on sharecroppers' fertilizer application decisions: one assuming that sharecroppers are risk averse farmers and the other assuming that sharecroppers are regret minimizers. Our results show that a sharecropper uses different fertilizer treatments when minimizing risk depending on risk perspective and desired income. Sharecroppers who apply more fertilizer to obtain a desired level of income are regret minimizers where as sharecroppers who apply relatively low fertilizer are risk minimizer. At the same desired level of income, a regret minimizer farmer would apply a higher amount of fertilizer than the risk averse farmers. Our analysis revealed that sharecroppers in the Southeast US are regret minimizers as they apply a higher amount of fertilizer than an average farmer on the major crops grown in the region. The result of this study also confirms the result of a previous study in the region which reported that sharecroppers in the region are over capitalized and apply more fertilizer than average farmers.
Petra A. Schmidt & Ulrich Hecker: Die wildwachsenden und kultivierten Laub- und Nadelgehölze Mitteleuropas. Beschreibung – Herkunft – Verwendung.
Creators: name: Steinecke, Hilke
Publisher: name: Der Palmengarten
Year: 2021

description: #
description: Der Palmengarten, Bd. 84 Nr. 2 (2020)
Irreducible background of gravitational waves from a cosmic defect network: update and comparison of numerical techniques
Creators: name: Figueroa, Daniel G.
name: Hindmarsh, Mark
name: Lizarraga, Joanes
name: Urrestilla, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological phase transitions in the early Universe may produce relics in the form of a network of cosmic defects. Independently of the order of a phase transition, topology of the defects, and their global or gauge nature, the defects are expected to emit gravitational waves (GWs) as the network energy-momentum tensor adapts itself to maintaining {scaling}. We show that the evolution of any defect network (and for that matter any scaling source) emits a GW background with spectrum $Ω_{\rm GW} \propto f^3$ for $f \ll f_0$, $Ω_{\rm GW} \propto 1/f^2$ for $f_0 \lesssim f \lesssim f_{\rm eq}$, and $Ω_{\rm GW} \propto~const$ (i.e.~exactly scale-invariant) for $f \gg f_{\rm eq}$, where $f_0$ and $ f_{\rm eq}$ denote respectively the frequencies corresponding to the present and matter-radiation equality horizons. This background represents an irreducible emission of GWs from any scaling network of cosmic defects, with its amplitude characterized only by the symmetry breaking scale and the nature of the defects. Using classical lattice simulations we calculate the GW signal emitted by defects created after the breaking of a global symmetry $O(N) \rightarrow O(N-1)$. We obtain the GW spectrum for $N$ between 2 and 20 with two different techniques: integrating over unequal time correlators of the energy momentum tensor, updating our previous work on smaller lattices, and for the first time, comparing the result with the real time evolution of the tensor perturbations sourced by the same defects. Our results validate the equivalence of the two techniques. Using CMB upper bounds on the defects' energy scale, we discuss the difficulty of detecting this GW background in the case of global defects.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures
The Efficacy of TRIPS: Incentives, Capacity and Threats
Creators: name: Kerr, William A.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: enforcement
subject: incentives
subject: intellectual property
subject: knowledge economy
subject: threats
subject: TRIPS

description: There is a major split between developed and developing countries over the protection of the patents in pharmaceuticals in the TRIPS. This dispute is symptomatic of the difficulties of incorporating a non-trade issue into a trade organization. Incentives and threats are examined in the context of the TRIPS. It is concluded that developing countries have no direct incentives to protect intellectual property, that the threat of trade actions is unlikely to induce compliance and that the use of indirect incentives is discredited and will fail to achieve its objective over the long run. Successful protection of intellectual property in developing countries will require a way to provide them with a direct incentive to enforce such protection.
Diverse and Styled Image Captioning Using SVD-Based Mixture of Recurrent Experts
Creators: name: Heidari, Marzieh
name: Ghatee, Mehdi
name: Nickabadi, Ahmad
name: Nezhad, Arash Pourhasan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With great advances in vision and natural language processing, the generation of image captions becomes a need. In a recent paper, Mathews, Xie and He [1], extended a new model to generate styled captions by separating semantics and style. In continuation of this work, here a new captioning model is developed including an image encoder to extract the features, a mixture of recurrent networks to embed the set of extracted features to a set of words, and a sentence generator that combines the obtained words as a stylized sentence. The resulted system that entitled as Mixture of Recurrent Experts (MoRE), uses a new training algorithm that derives singular value decomposition (SVD) from weighting matrices of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) to increase the diversity of captions. Each decomposition step depends on a distinctive factor based on the number of RNNs in MoRE. Since the used sentence generator gives a stylized language corpus without paired images, our captioning model can do the same. Besides, the styled and diverse captions are extracted without training on a densely labeled or styled dataset. To validate this captioning model, we use Microsoft COCO which is a standard factual image caption dataset. We show that the proposed captioning model can generate a diverse and stylized image captions without the necessity of extra-labeling. The results also show better descriptions in terms of content accuracy.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures and 5 tables, extracted from an MSc thesis in the Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Analytic solutions of the rotating and stratified hydrodynamical equations
Creators: name: Barna, Imre Ferenc
name: Mátyás, László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we investigate the two-dimensional incompressible rotating and stratified, just rotating, just stratified Euler equations with each other and with the normal Euler equations with the self-similar Ansatz. There are analytic solutions available for all four models, for density, pressure and velocity fields, some of them are compound power-law dependent functions. In general the solutions have a rich mathematical structure. Some solutions show unphysical explosive properties others, however are physically acceptable and have finite numerical values with power law decays. For a better transparency we present some figures for the most complicated velocity and pressure fields.
description: 16 pages and 9 figures
Technical and software upgrades completed and planned at OARPAF
Creators: name: Ricci, D.
name: Cabona, L.
name: La Camera, A.
name: Righi, C.
name: Nicolosi, F.
name: Tosi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present technical, instrumental, and software upgrades completed and planned at astronomical observatory called "Osservatorio Astronomico Regionale Parco Antola, Fascia" (OARPAF), hosting an 80cm, alt-az Cassegrain-Nasmyth telescope. The observatory, located in the Ligurian Apennines, can currently be operated either for scientific (photometry camera) or amateur (ocular) observations, by switching the tertiary mirror between the two Nasmyth foci using a manual handle. The main scientific observational topics are related up to now to exoplanetary transits, QSOs, and gravitationally lensed quasars, and results are being recently published. A remotization and robotization strategy of the entire structure (telescope, dome, instruments, sensors and monitoring) have been set up and it is in progress. We report the current upgrades, mainly related for what concerns the "hardware" side to the robotization of the dome. On the instrumentation side, a new modular support for instruments with spectrophotometric capabilities is on a preliminary design phase, improving the telescope performances and broadening the potential science fields. In this framework, the procurement of spectrophotometric material has started. On the software side, an innovative web-based software relying on websockets and node.js can already be used to control the camera, and it will be extended to manage the other components of the instrument, of the observatory, and of the image database storage.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. To appear in "Sixth Workshop on robotic autonomous observatories (2020)", RevMexAA(SC)
Structural controls on mineralization and constraints on fluid evolution at the Sacrificio Cu (Zn-Pb-Ag-Au) skarn, Durango, Mexico
Creators: name: Patterson, Keith Mark
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Sacrificio deposit, located in Durango State, Mexico, is hosted by mid- Cretaceous limestone, chert, and minor shale of the Cuesta del Cura and Indidura formations. Intrusive rocks include two temporally and compositionally distinct suites, dated at 109.1 ± 0.4 Ma (mid-Cretaceous) and 40.1 ± 0.5 Ma (Middle Eocene) by U-Pb methods. The Middle Eocene granite suite is associated with the development of skarn and related sulphide mineralization that forms the Sacrificio deposit. Three episodes of pre-intrusion regional deformation (D^ to D3 ) and two episodes of syn-intrusion local deformation are recognized at the Sacrificio deposit. Skarn and skarn-related mineralization is localized by these regional and local structures and their intersections. Alteration at the Sacrificio deposit is divided into pre-mineralization contact metamorphism, prograde skarn, and retrograde skarn. Styles of skarn-related sulphide mineralization include: (1) disseminated bornite and lesser chalcopyrite filling porosity in prograde garnet skarn; (2) fracture-controlled, silver-rich, bornite-chalcopyrite + sphalerite ± galena ± arsenopyrite cutting prograde garnet skarn and marble; and (3) semi-massive to massive sulphide bodies (mantos) containing sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, and bornite associated with retrograde amphibole skarn. Rare quartz-arsenopyrite veins cut all alteration and mineralization. Skarn and sulphide-forming fluids at the Sacrificio deposit are interpreted to be magmatic in origin from lead isotope data. Compositions of garnet (Ad ₆₅- ₁₀₀Gr ₀.₃₅) and pyroxene (Di ₆₈.₉₄HD ₅.₃₀Jo₁.₃) from prograde skarn classify the Sacrificio deposit as a copper skarn. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that mineralizing fluids were dominantly H20-NaCI mixtures (0.5 - 19.7 wt. % NaCI eq.) containing divalent cations (i.e., Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Ca²⁺) . Pressures during the development of the Sacrificio deposit were approximately 0.5 to 1.0 kbar. Temperatures recorded during skarn formation and sulphide deposition show a gradual cooling of the skarn system. Prograde skarn formed at 460° to 580° C, disseminated Cu-Ag mineralization at 291° to 504° C, and mantos at 247° to 396° C. A final pulse of hotter fluids (318° to 480° C) formed the late quartzarsenopyrite veins. Results of this study have allowed the construction of a detailed structural and fluid evolution model for the Sacrificio deposit. Application of these findings to other skarn deposits or prospects in Mexico, and elsewhere in the world, may lead to the discovery of important new orebodies.
Color, Structure, and Star Formation History of Dwarf Galaxies over the last ~3 Gyr with GEMS and SDSS
Creators: name: Barazza, Fabio D.
name: Jogee, Shardha
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Barden, Marco
name: Bell, Eric F.
name: Caldwell, John A. R.
name: McIntosh, Daniel H.
name: Meisenheimer, Klaus
name: Peng, Chien Y.
name: Wolf, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the colors, structural properties, and star formation histories for a sample of ~1600 dwarfs over look-back times of ~3 Gyr (z=0.002-0.25). The sample consists of 401 distant dwarfs drawn from the Galaxy Evolution from Morphologies and SEDs (GEMS) survey, which provides high resolution Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) images and accurate redshifts, and of 1291 dwarfs at 10-90 Mpc compiled from the Sloan Digitized Sky Survey (SDSS). The sample is complete down to an effective surface brightness of 22 mag arcsec^-2 in z and includes dwarfs with M_g=-18.5 to -14 mag. Rest-frame luminosities in Johnson UBV and SDSS ugr filters are provided by the COMBO-17 survey and structural parameters have been determined by Sérsic fits. We find that the GEMS dwarfs are bluer than the SDSS dwarfs by ~0.13 mag in g-r, which is consistent with the color evolution over ~2 Gyr of star formation histories involving moderate starbursts and long periods of continuous star formation. The full color range of the samples cannot be reproduced by single starbursts of different masses or long periods of continuous star formation alone. Furthermore, an estimate of the mechanical luminosities needed for the gas in the GEMS dwarfs to be completely removed from the galaxies shows that a significant number of low luminosity dwarfs are susceptible to such a complete gas loss, if they would experience a starburst. On the other hand, a large fraction of more luminous dwarfs is likely to retain their gas. We also estimate the star formation rates per unit area for the GEMS dwarfs and find good agreement with the values for local dwarfs.
description: 31 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJ
Increasing the Openness of the Trade Policy Process: Challenges and Implications
Creators: name: Isaac, Grant E.
name: Isaac, Grant E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: openness
subject: openness framework
subject: trade policy
subject: transparency

description: Trade policy - once a subset of foreign policy far removed from domestic concern, focused squarely on border issues and subject to the rules of international diplomacy - is now a central concern on the public policy agenda as trade issues have become increasingly entwined with traditionally domestic policy issues. Consequently, demands have been made for more openness in trade policy formation and, in response, many governments have undertaken openness initiatives. Despite these developments there has been only a little research into the increased openness of trade policy processes in general and no research aimed at developing a consistent framework for categorizing various openness initiatives and permitting a meaningful comparison of initiatives between trading partners. In this paper, the general issue of increasing the openness of trade policy is examined, an openness framework is proposed and the implications for trade policy are assessed.
Visible emission spectroscopy of highly charged tungsten ions in LHD: I. Survey of new visible emission lines
Creators: name: Shinohara, M
name: Fujii, K
name: Kato, D
name: Nakamura, N
name: Goto, M
name: Morita, S
name: Hasuo, M
name: Group, LHD Experiment
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We found 12 unknown visible emission lines from the core plasma of large helical device with highly charged tungsten ions accumulated. The observation was made with our home-built echelle spectrometer, which covers the wavelength range of 450-715 nm with a wavelength resolution of<0.05 nm for two lines of sight; one line passes both the core and edge plasmas and the other passes only the edge plasma. These emission lines are attributed to highly charged tungsten ions because (1) they were observed only after a tungsten pellet was injected into the plasma, (2) they were observed only from the core plasma where the electron temperature is 1 keV, (3) they show line broadenings that are close to the Doppler widths of tungsten ions with 1 keV temperature and (4) the wavelengths of some of these emission lines are close to the calculation results for tungsten ions in the charge state of 25-28.
Free Trade, Pesticide Regulation and NAFTA Harmonization
Creators: name: Freshwater, David
name: Freshwater, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: NAFTA
subject: pesticides
subject: price discrimination
subject: regulation

description: Pesticides are an important farm input both in terms of cost and in terms of their impact on crop yields and quality. With freer trade in agricultural output, differences in cost of production, yield and quality can have a large effect on competitiveness. Thus there is an increased demand by farmers in Canada and the United States for harmonization of pesticide regulations, and in particular for the option to import registered pesticides for their own use. Under NAFTA the three national governments are moving to make pesticide regulation more uniform, but there are still significant differences in regulatory structure and these effectively preclude direct imports by farmers at this time. Moreover, while farmers believe they would as a group benefit from a single market this is unlikely to be the case. Under the current regulatory system pesticide companies have an incentive to practice price discrimination, which results in farmers with the most inelastic demand facing a higher price. In a single market one would expect prices to equalize, but at a price closest to the price prevailing in the larger-volume market. In addition if one market is relatively small it may no longer be profitable to serve it and those farmers could lose access to certain compounds, because there would be no domestic registration. Thus this paper argues that the welfare gains from introducing free trade in pesticides are more complex than have normally been assumed. In particular, regulators in Canada, Mexico and the United States should consider differences in market structure in their efforts to harmonize pesticide regulations.
Phase Anti-Synchronization dynamics between Mechanical Oscillator and Atomic Ensemble within a Fabry-Perot Cavity
Creators: name: Ma, Shao-Qiang
name: Zheng, Xiao
name: Zhang, Guo-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase synchronization refers to a kind of collective phenomenon that the phase difference between two or more systems is locked, and it has widely been investigated between systems with the identical physical properties, such as the synchronization between mechanical oscillators and the synchronization between atomic ensembles. Here, we investigate the synchronization behavior between the mechanical oscillator and the atomic ensemble, the systems with different physical properties, and observe a novel synchronization phenomenon, i.e., the phase sum, instead of phase difference, is locked. We refer to this distinct synchronization as the phase anti-synchronization, and show that the phase anti-synchronization can be achieved in both the classical and quantum level, which means this novel collective behavior can be tested in experiment. Also, some interesting connections between phase anti-synchronization and quantum correlation is found.
Tariffs, Transport Costs and the WTO Doha Round: The Case of Developing Countries
Creators: name: Busse, Matthias
name: Busse, Matthias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: developing countries
subject: transport costs
subject: WTO Doha Round

description: The WTO Doha Round of multinational trade negotiations is labelled the development round to highlight the fact that progress could be achieved through the enhanced integration of the poor countries into the world economy. Since the trade agenda focuses to a large extent on the levels of direct and indirect trade barriers as well as other aspects of trade and competition policy, an important aspect of the relative trade performance of developing countries has been neglected somewhat. This paper argues that, in addition to trade barriers, other trade costs, such as communications and transport costs, have to be taken into account. These other costs can be significantly higher in developing countries, which impedes their successful integration into world markets.
Molecular Theory of Dendritic Liquid Crystals: Self Organization and Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Vanakaras, Alexandros G.
name: Photinos, Demetri J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate the configurational partition function for dendrimers, taking explicit account of their conformations and segmental interactions. Two approximate schemes are presented, one based on the effective dendrimer-dendrimer interactions and the other based on the interactions among the mesogenic units comprising the dendrimers. In the latter scheme, the description of the dendromesogenic system reduces to that of an ensemble of mesogenic dimers. Results of lattice calculations for phase transitions are presented showing that the minimal inclusion of shape anisotropy and of sub-molecular partitioning into chemically distinct parts reproduces the variety of phases and phase sequences observed experimentally and provides insights into the conformational aspect of these transitions.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Visible emission spectroscopy of highly charged tungsten ions in LHD: II. Evaluation of tungsten ion temperature
Creators: name: Fujii, K
name: Takahashi, Y
name: Nakai, Y
name: Kato, D
name: Goto, M
name: Morita, S
name: Hasuo, M
name: Group, LHD Experiment
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrated a polarization-resolved high resolution spectroscopy of a visible emission line of highly charged tungsten ions (λ0 = 668.899 nm, Shinohara et al Phys. Scr. 90 125402) for the large helical device (LHD) plasma, where the tungsten ions were introduced by a pellet injection. Its spectral profile shows broadening and polarization dependence, which are attributed to the Doppler and Zeeman effects, respectively. The tungsten ion temperature was evaluated for the first time from the broadening of visible the emission line, with its emission location determined by the Abel inversion of the chord-integrated emission intensities observed with multiple chords. The tungsten ion temperature was found to be close to the helium-like argon ion temperature, which is used as an ion temperature monitor in LHD
The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing: Is It a WTO Failure?
Creators: name: Malaga, Jaime E.
name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Malaga, Jaime E.
name: Mohanty, Samarendu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: ATC
subject: developing countries
subject: MFA
subject: textile & clothing

description: The historic GATT-Uruguay Round Agreement was signed in April 1994 after years of difficult negotiations. Although the textile and clothing sector was not included, a separate agreement, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) was also signed, with the specific purpose of dismantling the complex quota system in place and gradually incorporating the sector into the rules and disciplines of GATT-UR over a period of ten years. On the verge of the established deadline, the liberalization results achieved seem disappointing for most textile exporting countries. These results have implications for the new round of WTO negotiations. What went wrong? Is anyone to blame? This article analyzes the ATC rules and discusses conflicting interpretations of the results so far, as well as expectations for 2005.
C and S induces changes in the electronic and geometric structure of Pd(533) and Pd(320)
Creators: name: Mehmood, Faisal
name: Stolbov, Sergey
name: Rahman, Talat S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed ab initio electronic structure calculations of C and S adsorption on two vicinal surfaces of Pd with different terrace geometry and width. We find both adsorbates to induce a significant perturbation of the surface electronic and geometric structure of Pd(533) and Pd(320). In particular C adsorbed at the bridge site at the edge of a Pd chain in Pd(320) is found to penetrate the surface to form a sub-surface structure. The adsorption energies show almost linear dependence on the number of adsorbate-metal bonds, and lie in the ranges of 5.31eV to 8.58eV for C and 2.89eV to 5.40eV for S. A strong hybridization between adsorbate and surface electronic states causes a large splitting of the bands leading to a drastic decrease in the local densities of electronic states at the Fermi-level for Pd surface atoms neighboring the adsorbate which may poison catalytic activity of the surface. Comparison of the results for Pd(533) with those obtained earlier for Pd(211) suggests the local character of the impact of the adsorbate on the geometric and electronic structures of Pd surfaces.
description: 14 pages 9 figs, Accepted J. Phys: Condens
Baum des Jahres 2020: Die Robinie (Robinia pseudoacacia, Fabaceae), ein kontrovers diskutierter Neophyt
Creators: name: Dörken, Veit Martin
name: Jagel, Armin
Publisher: name: Der Palmengarten
Year: 2021

description: Die Gewöhnliche Robinie oder Falsche Akazie (Robinia pseudoacacia) ist Deutschlands Baum des Jahres 2020. Sie stammt aus Nord-Amerika, ist aber weltweit vielerorts eingebürgert. Sie liefert robustes Holz und ist eine gute Bienenweide. Als hitze- und trockenheitsresistente robuste Art könnte sie ein sogenannter Klimawandelbaum für die Zukunft sein. Die Robinie ist aber auch ein invasiver Neophyt, der vor allem an mageren Standorten die heimische Vegetation verdrängen kann.
description: Der Palmengarten, Bd. 84 Nr. 2 (2020)
Edelfalter im Palmengarten und Botanischen Garten
Creators: name: Westenberger, Alfred
name: Schmidt, Marco
name: Steinecke, Hilke
Publisher: name: Der Palmengarten
Year: 2021

description: Im Jahr 2018 initiierte der Palmengarten das Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekt „Tiere und Pilze in Frankfurts Botanischen Gärten“. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die zwölf beobachteten Arten der Edelfalter (Nymphalidae), der Familie mit den farbenprächtigsten Arten unserer heimischen Schmetterlinge.
description: Der Palmengarten, Bd. 84 Nr. 2 (2020)
“What goes up must go down”: An exploration of the relationship between drug-related pleasure and harm experienced by a sample of regular ‘party drug’ users
Creators: name: Pennay, Amy
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Aims: This paper explores the complex and dynamic relationship between pleasure and harm as experienced by a group of young people during and after "party drug" use. Methods: Fourteen months of ethnographic fieldwork was undertaken among regular recreational users of ecstasy and methamphetamine. Weekly participant observation took place in licensed venues and private homes. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 core participants. Findings: There were four primary domains of both pleasure and harm experienced by participants that included: (a) elevated and lowered mood, (b) heightened and impaired cognition, (c) economic availability and unavailability and (d) enhanced and troubled friendships. This analysis suggests that it is unhelpful to discuss the harms of drug use without an appreciation of pleasure, as one is not typically experienced without the other. Conclusions: A more nuanced understanding of the relationship between pleasure and harm is needed, as the two concepts are not in opposition, as they are so commonly used. Appreciating the way in which individuals experience the dynamics between pleasure and harm will enable the development of more appropriate harm reduction measures that resonate with individuals.
Schlette, Heinz Robert, Die Religionen als Thema der Theologie
Creators: name: Vicedom, Georg F.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 3 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 3
Linear Dispersion Theory of Parallel Electromagnetic Modes for Regularized Kappa-Distributions
Creators: name: Husidic, Edin
name: Lazar, Marian
name: Fichtner, Horst
name: Scherer, Klaus
name: Astfalk, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The velocity particle distributions measured in-situ in space plasmas deviate from Maxwellian (thermal) equilibrium, showing enhanced suprathermal tails which are well described by the standard Kappa-distribution (SKD). Despite its successful application, the SKD is frequently disputed due to a series of unphysical implications like diverging velocity moments, preventing a macroscopic description of the plasma. The regularized Kappa-distribution (RKD) has been introduced to overcome these limitations, but the dispersion properties of RKD-plasmas are not explored yet. In the present paper we compute the wavenumber dispersion of the frequency and damping or growth rates for the electromagnetic modes in plasmas characterized by the RKD. This task is accomplished by using the grid-based kinetic dispersion solver LEOPARD developed for arbitrary gyrotropic distributions [P. Astfalk and F. Jenko, J. Geophys. Res. 122, 89 (2017)]. By reproducing previous results obtained for the SKD and Maxwellian, we validate the functionality of the code. Furthermore, we apply the isotropic as well as the anisotropic RKDs to investigate stable electromagnetic electron-cyclotron (EMEC) and ion-cyclotron (EMIC) modes as well as temperature-anisotropy-driven instabilities, both for the case $T_\perp / T_\parallel > 1$ (EMEC and EMIC instabilities) and for the case $T_\perp / T_\parallel < 1$ (proton and electron firehose instabilities), where $\parallel$ and $\perp$ denote directions parallel and perpendicular to the local time-averaged magnetic field. Provided that the cutoff parameter $α$ is small enough, the results show that the RKDs reproduce the dispersion curves of the SKD plasmas at both qualitative and quantitative levels. For higher values, however, physically significant deviation occurs.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
Conformation-networks of two-dimensional lattice homopolymers
Creators: name: Luo, Yu-Pin
name: Lin, Hung-Yeh
name: Huang, Ming-Chang
name: Liaw, Tsong-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of different Monte Carlo move sets on the the folding kinetics of lattice polymer chains is studied from the geometry of the conformation-network. The networks have the characteristics of small- world. The Monte Carlo move, rigid rotation, has drastic effect on the geometric properties of the network. The move not only change the connections but also reduce greatly the shortest path length between conformations. The networks are as robust as random network.
Giardino dei Tarocchi (Tarotgarten) der Niki de Saint Phalle
Creators: name: Steinecke, Hilke
name: Schubert, Peter
Publisher: name: Der Palmengarten
Year: 2021

description: Der Tarotgarten (Giardino dei Tarocchi) der Niki de Saint Phalle ist ein zwei Hektar großer Park in der südlichen Toskana. Hier stehen 22 Skulpturen, die die Figuren der 22 Großen Arkana der Tarotkarten repräsentieren Die Skulpturen sind sehr farbenfroh und von unzähligen Keramikkacheln oder kleinen Spiegeln überzogen. Die größte Figur, die Herrscherin, ist innen begehbar. Hier hat Niki de Saint Phalle einige Jahre lang gelebt und gearbeitet. Der Garten mit seinen auffälligsten Skulpturen wird vorgestellt.
description: Der Palmengarten, Bd. 84 Nr. 2 (2020)
The Role of Science in Trade Agreements
Creators: name: Colyer, Dale
name: Colyer, Dale
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: dispute settlement
subject: international trade
subject: precautionary principle
subject: sanitary/phytosanitary provisions
subject: technical barriers to trade
subject: World Trade Organization

description: Member nations of the World Trade Organization are permitted to develop regulations that might restrict trade if they do so for the purpose of protecting human, animal or plant life or health. The regulations, under both the Sanitary/Phytosanitary and Technical Barriers to Trade agreements, must be based on science, be non-discriminatory and be the least-trade-restrictive alternative. Uncertainty, a lack of adequate scientific evidence and differing interpretations have led to disputes about regulations applied by particular countries. If consultations cannot resolve the issues, dispute settlement panels and an appellate body adjudicate them; in these forums, scientific knowledge, studies and testimony by scientists play key roles.
Structural Order for One-Scale and Two-Scale Potentials
Creators: name: Yan, Zhenyu
name: Buldyrev, Sergey V.
name: Giovambattista, Nicolas
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the relationship between structural order and water-like dynamic and thermodynamic anomalies in spherically-symmetric potentials having either one or two characteristic length scales. %The first potential has only one length scale which is the diameter of the ramp %without the hard core, and the second potential has two length scales: one is the %diameter of a ramp(softcore) and another one is the diameter of a %hard core with a ratio of 1.76. Structural order is characterized by translational and orientational order parameters. %analogous to those used in previous cases for water and %silica.Only the two-scale ramp potential exhibits properties %remarkably similar to those found for water and silica regarding the %relationship between structural order, dynamic anomalies, and thermodynamic %anomalies. We find that (i) dynamic and thermodynamic anomalies exist for both one-scale and two-scale ramp potentials, and (ii) water-like structural order anomalies exist only for the two-scale ramp potential. Our findings suggest that the water-like relationship between structural order and anomalies is related to the presence of two different length scales in the potential.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
MPEC 2024-A139 : 2024 AN3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 AN3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.