cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rusty Linux: Advances in Rust for Linux Kernel Development
Creators: name: Panter, Shane K.
name: Eisty, Nasir U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Operating Systems (cs.OS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context: The integration of Rust into kernel development is a transformative endeavor aimed at enhancing system security and reliability by leveraging Rust's strong memory safety guarantees. Objective: We aim to find the current advances in using Rust in Kernel development to reduce the number of memory safety vulnerabilities in one of the most critical pieces of software that underpins all modern applications. Method: By analyzing a broad spectrum of studies, we identify the advantages Rust offers, highlight the challenges faced, and emphasize the need for community consensus on Rust's adoption. Results: Our findings suggest that while the initial implementations of Rust in the kernel show promising results in terms of safety and stability, significant challenges remain. These challenges include achieving seamless interoperability with existing kernel components, maintaining performance, and ensuring adequate support and tooling for developers. Conclusions: This study underscores the need for continued research and practical implementation efforts to fully realize the benefits of Rust. By addressing these challenges, the integration of Rust could mark a significant step forward in the evolution of operating system development towards safer and more reliable systems
description: This paper has been accepted for publication and presentation at ESEM 2024 Emerging Results, Vision and Reflection Papers Track to be held in Barcelona, Spain on October 24-25, 2024
Notes on use of generalized entropies in counting
Creators: name: Rastegin, Alexey E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A20, 05D40, 15A15, 94A17

description: We address an idea of applying generalized entropies in counting problems. First, we consider some entropic properties that are essential for such purposes. Using the $α$-entropies of Tsallis-Havrda-Charvát type, we derive several results connected with Shearer's lemma. In particular, we derive upper bounds on the maximum possible cardinality of a family of $k$-subsets, when no pairwise intersections of these subsets may coincide. Further, we revisit the Minc conjecture. Our approach leads to a family of one-parameter extensions of Brégman's theorem. A utility of the obtained bounds is explicitly exemplified.
description: 14 pages, no figures. Except for the style, the version 3 matches the journal version. To appear in Graphs and Combinatorics
On the Seifert fibered space link group
Creators: name: Gabrovšek, Boštjan
name: Manfredi, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27, 57M05

description: We introduce generalized arrow diagrams and generalized Reidemeister moves for diagrams of links in Seifert fibered spaces. We give a presentation of the fundamental group of the link complement. As a corollary we are able to compute the first homology group of the complement and the twisted Alexander polynomials of the link.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures
title: The Sense and Sensation of Body Modification Practice
Creators: name: Stilwell, Natasha
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2009

description: This thesis explores the ways in which body modification is experienced as sensate and embodied. The term body modification refers to a group of practices that institute some transformation at the level of the body. Techniques include tattooing, body piercing, branding and scarification; also implanting or beading, the insertion of objects under the skin, and forms of minor 'surgery'. The thesis seeks to extend conceptions and analyses of the modified body and to develop creative ways of thinking about and communicating the experiences of body modification practice. It does so by way of an empirical focus on sensory processes of body modification, which yields detailed insight into the texture of modification experiences as they are lived. Through an in-depth ethnography that included accompanying individuals as they were modified, and interviews with body modification practitioners and participants, the thesis augments and expands existing literature on body modification and sense and sensation. It does this by focusing, in particular, on the sensate-led working practices of body modification practitioners, pain (and especially the implications of 'elected' pain), sensation, sound and the tactility of visuality (the haptic) as experienced by participants. Highlighting these important areas of body modification experience not only produces a sensate epistemology of body modification practice, but also makes significant contributions to debates on methodology, ethics and craft. This thesis explores: the need for creative and embodied research methods, particularly where the focus is 'the body'; how an 'immanent ethics' is created, through sensate experience, by body modification practitioners; and the implications of understanding custom body modification as a practiced and embodied craft activity. Tuning-into the experiences of the modified body not only expands what body modification is understood to 'be' but makes an important contribution towards the development of sociology as an embodied practice.
Rigid E-unification: NP-completeness and applications to equational matings
Creators: name: Gallier, Jean
name: Narendran, Paliath
name: Plaisted, David
name: Snyder, Wayne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1990

description: Rigid E-unification is a restricted kind of unification modulo equational theories, or E-unification, that arises naturally in extending Andrew's theorem proving method of matings to first-order languages with equality. This extension was first presented by J. H. Gallier, S. Raatz, and W. Snyder, who conjectured that rigid E-unification is decidable. In this paper, it is shown that rigid E-unification is NP-complete and that finite complete sets of rigid E-unifiers always exist. As a consequence, deciding whether a family of mated sets is an equational mating is an NP-complete problem. Some implications of this result regarding the complexity of theorem proving in first-order logic with equality are also discussed.
Molecular Orbital Electronic Instability in the van der Waals Kagome Semiconductor Nb$_3$Cl$_8$: Exploring Future Directions
Creators: name: Haraguchi, Yuya
name: Yoshimura, Kazuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nb$_3$Cl$_8$, a cluster Mott insulator with a distinctive magnetic molecular orbital structure organized into a breathing kagome lattice, showcases critical phase transitions under specialized conditions. By transitioning from paramagnetic to nonmagnetic states below 90 K, we clarified this behavior through combined nuclear magnetic resonance and low-temperature X-ray diffraction studies, pointing to charge disproportionation as the driving force. Subsequent investigations via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations have disclosed topologically flat bands, confirming advanced electronic characteristics in Nb$_3$Cl$_8$. These discoveries not only deepen our comprehension of Mott insulators but also broaden our grasp of the dynamic interrelations among topology, electron interactions, and quantum phenomena in two-dimensional systems. The research on Nb$_3$Cl$_8$ thus lays foundational knowledge for advancing the exploration of quantum states in complex material systems, marking it as a critical model in the ongoing evolution of condensed matter physics.
description: 16pages, 12figures
(102521) Robert Thomas Harrison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(103776) Marian Gertrude Lysaght
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Muon-induced neutrons do not explain the DAMA data
Creators: name: Klinger, J.
name: Kudryavtsev, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an accurate model of the muon-induced background in the DAMA/LIBRA experiment. Our work challenges proposed mechanisms which seek to explain the observed DAMA signal modulation with muon-induced backgrounds. Muon generation and transport are performed using the MUSIC/MUSUN code, and subsequent interactions in the vicinity of the DAMA detector cavern are simulated with Geant4. We estimate the total muon-induced neutron flux in the detector cavern to be $Φ_n^ν= 1.0\times10^{-9}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. We predict $3.49\times10^{-5}$ counts/day/kg/keV, which accounts for less than $0.3\%$ of the DAMA signal modulation amplitude.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PRL
(102510) Basil Robert Davies
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Confidence Estimation for Automatic Detection of Depression and Alzheimer's Disease Based on Clinical Interviews
Creators: name: Wu, Wen
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Woodland, Philip C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Speech-based automatic detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression has attracted increased attention. Confidence estimation is crucial for a trust-worthy automatic diagnostic system which informs the clinician about the confidence of model predictions and helps reduce the risk of misdiagnosis. This paper investigates confidence estimation for automatic detection of AD and depression based on clinical interviews. A novel Bayesian approach is proposed which uses a dynamic Dirichlet prior distribution to model the second-order probability of the predictive distribution. Experimental results on the publicly available ADReSS and DAIC-WOZ datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms a range of baselines for both classification accuracy and confidence estimation.
description: Accepted by Interspeech 2024
Examining first semester university students’ experience with pet separation anxiety, psychological mood and wellbeing, and effects of attendance to a drop-in animal visitation program
Creators: name: Carr, Alexa Marie
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: college transition
human-animal interaction
pet separation anxiety
prevention science
program attendance
Mental Health
Public Health

description: In response to concerns about university students stress and mental health, many universities offer animal visitation programs (AVPs). While popular, nothing is known about the role of students’ separation anxiety from their childhood pet(s) either in shaping experiences during the transition to university, their engagement in available AVPs, or their effects. Drawn from a random sample of first-year university students (N=2,000), this dissertation recruited incoming students separated from their family pet, and randomly assigned them to a semester long, bi-weekly AVP program featuring 2-hour sessions (N=105) or a waitlist control condition (N=104). Together, three independent manuscripts examine 1) the prevalence and predictors of pet separation anxiety (PSA); 2) the role of PSA and psychological mood symptoms predicting AVP uptake (e.g., frequency, duration); and 3) the efficacy of AVP on trajectories of psychological risk and resilience. Results from Paper 1 revealed that 1 in 4 students reported moderate-severe PSA during their first week on campus. Symptom severity was significantly related to people-substituting-pet-attachment (β=0.19, p=0.015), spending more time with pets compared to other pet owners (β=0.24, p=0.002), talking to pets (β=0.19, p=0.009), and pet-co-sleeping (β=0.16, p=0.027). Results from Paper 2 revealed that early program attendance was informed by students’ mental health history (B= -0.876, p=0.03, OR=0.417), early semester stress (B= -0.177, p=0.04, OR=0.838) and anxiety (B= 0.179, p=0.01, OR=1.196). Overall attendance frequency (β=-0.342, p=0.004, d=0.697) and duration (β=-0.286, p=0.03, d=0.529) were negatively associated with high PSA. Results from Paper 3 showed students in the AVP condition had more adaptive trajectory slopes for depression (B=-3.05, p=0.01, d=0.514), worry (B=-3.92, p=0.04, d=0.416,) stress, (B=-1.94, p=0.05, d=0.386), and self-compassion (B=4.03, p<0.001, d=0.605) compared with wait-listed controls, while attendance (>=3 sessions) and high PSA were controlled. This dissertation suggests PSA is important both in considering students' risk during the transition to university, the influence on uptake of AVPs and their effects on psychological wellbeing. In sum, while AVPs are considered a resource for students missing their pets, high PSA students are less likely to attend AVPs efficacious in preventing declines in psychological adjustment during what many experience as a stressful transition.
(102514) Percival Charles Hayward
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Heat kernel measures on random surfaces
Creators: name: Klevtsov, Semyon
name: Zelditch, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heat kernel on the symmetric space of positive definite Hermitian matrices is used to endow the spaces of Bergman metrics of degree k on a Riemann surface M with a family of probability measures depending on a choice of the background metric. Under a certain matrix-metric correspondence, each positive definite Hermitian matrix corresponds to a Kahler metric on M. The one and two point functions of the random metric are calculated in a variety of limits as k and t tend to infinity. In the limit when the time t goes to infinity the fluctuations of the random metric around the background metric are the same as the fluctuations of random zeros of holomorphic sections. This is due to the fact that the random zeros form the boundary of the space of Bergman metrics.
description: 20 pages, v2: minor corrections
title: Attention and mitigation of disease: theory and evidence from Tanzania
Creators: name: Lim, Putthi Cheat
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Game Theory, Field Experiment, Disease Control, Public Goods Game.

description: This thesis seeks to gain a deeper understanding of public good production in developmental settings. This thesis comprises of five chapters. The first chapter provides an introduction and a literature review to build a case for further studies in public good production in general and disease elimination as a public good. Chapter 2 and 3 study two different public good production games. They both provide some insights into the understanding not only of rabies elimination, which is the focus of the experimental part of this thesis, but also on public good production in general. I then discuss policy implications from these results. Chapter 4 provides a report on the result of a field experiment conducted in the Morogoro Rural District of Tanzania. We tested two interventions, namely mobile phone text messaging and religious/tribal leaders advertising in raising participation in rabies vaccination campaigns. Results from the experiment show no evidence that each intervention was effective on their own, but they were effective when implemented together. We also found suggestive evidence that operational changes, designed to ease participation, could potentially have a much larger positive impact on participation than the interventions. We then discuss some contextual factors that could explain these results. Chapter 5 concludes.
Modular construction of a Byzantine agreement protocol with optimal message bit complexity
Creators: name: Welch, Jennifer
name: Coan, Brian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: This paper presents a new Byzantine agreement protocol that tolerates t processor faults using 3t + 1 processors, t + o(t) rounds, O(t2) total message bits, and O(tɛ) maximum message size, for any ɛ > 0. The protocol is optimal or near optimal in all cost measures: the number of processors is optimal, the message bit complexity is optimal, the number of rounds exceeds the lower bound by o(t), and the maximum message size exceeds the lower bound by O(tɛ). The round complexity is uniformly better than 2·(t + 1) and thus is reasonable even for small t. This is the first Byzantine agreement protocol to have optimal message bit complexity. The new protocol is constructed by recursively applying a simple, yet general, transformation that changes the number of rounds, total message bits, and maximum message size required by a Byzantine agreement protocol, but preserves correctness, number of processor faults tolerated, and total number of processors. Each application of this new transformation reduces the number of message bits sent—at the expense of adding rounds of communication. Surprisingly, the base case of the recursive construction is the agreement protocol of Lamport, Shostak, and Pease, which has a number of message bits exponential in t.
On the rate distortion functions of memoryless sources under a magnitude-error criterion
Creators: name: Leung, Hoi
name: Cambanis, Stamatis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1980

description: We consider the evaluation of and bounds for the rate distortion functions of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) sources under a magnitude-error criterion. By refining the ingeneous approach of Tan and Yao we evaluate explicitly the rate distortion functions of larger classes of i.i.d. sources and we obtain families of lower bounds for arbitrary i.i.d. sources.
(102509) Barbara Magdalen Salmon
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Empirical analysis and simulation of the evolution concavity of traffic oscillations
Creators: name: Tian, Junfang
name: Jiang, Rui
name: Jia, Bin
name: Gao, Ziyou
name: Ma, Shoufeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper has investigated the growth pattern of traffic oscillations in the NGSIM vehicle trajectories data, via measuring the standard deviation of vehicle velocity involved in oscillations. We found that the standard deviation of the velocity increases in a concave way along vehicles in the oscillations. Moreover, all datasets collapse into a single concave curve, which indicates a universal evolution law of oscillations. A comparison with traffic experiment shows that the empirical and the experimental results are highly compatible and can be fitted by a single concave curve, which demonstrates that qualitatively the growth pattern of oscillations is not affected by type of bottleneck and lane changing behavior. We have shown theoretically that small disturbances increase in a convex way in the initial stage in the traditional models presuming a unique relationship between speed and density, which obviously deviates from our findings. Simulations show that stochastic models in which the traffic state dynamically spans a 2D region in the speed-spacing plane can qualitatively or even quantitatively reproduce the concave growth pattern of traffic oscillations.
A new study of an old sink of sulfur in hot molecular cores: the sulfur residue
Creators: name: Woods, Paul M.
name: Occhiogrosso, Angela
name: Viti, Serena
name: Kanuchova, Z.
name: Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta
name: Price, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sulfur appears to be depleted by an order of magnitude or more from its elemental abundance in star-forming regions. In the last few years, numerous observations and experiments have been performed in order to to understand the reasons behind this depletion without providing a satisfactory explanation of the sulfur chemistry towards high-mass star-forming cores. Several sulfur-bearing molecules have been observed in these regions, and yet none are abundant enough to make up the gas-phase deficit. Where, then, does this hidden sulfur reside? This paper represents a step forward in our understanding of the interactions among the various S-bearing species. We have incorporated recent experimental and theoretical data into a chemical model of a hot molecular core in order to see whether they give any indication of the identity of the sulfur sink in these dense regions. Despite our model producing reasonable agreement with both solid-phase and gas-phase abundances of many sulfur-bearing species, we find that the sulfur residue detected in recent experiments takes up only ~6 per cent of the available sulfur in our simulations, rather than dominating the sulfur budget.
description: 13 pages, 6 colourful figures, accepted by MNRAS
Simulation of the continuous-time random walk using subordination schemes
Creators: name: Jiang, Danhua
name: Hong, Yuanze
name: Wang, Wanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The continuous time random walk model has been widely applied in various fields, including physics, biology, chemistry, finance, social phenomena, etc. In this work, we present an algorithm that utilizes a subordinate formula to generate data of the continuous time random walk in the long time limit. The algorithm has been validated using commonly employed observables, such as typical fluctuations of the positional distribution, rare fluctuations, the mean and the variance of the position, and breakthrough curves with time-dependent bias, demonstrating a perfect match.
description: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.034113
(102502) Florence Edith McKnight
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dyadic sampling approximations for non-sequency-limited signals
Creators: name: Cambanis, S.
name: Habib, M.K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1981

description: Dyadic sampling approximations, as well as error estimates, are derived for non-random signals which are Walsh-Stieltjes transforms and for dyadic-stationary and Walsh-harmonizable random signals. Also derived are inversion formulae for Walsh-Stieltjes transforms, which are used in this paper.
Bosonic and fermionic Weinberg-Joos (j,0)+ (0,j) states of arbitrary spins as Lorentz-tensors or tensor-spinors and second order theory
Creators: name: Acosta, E. G. Delgado
name: Guzman, V. M. Banda
name: Kirchbach, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general method for the description of arbitrary single spin-j states transforming according to (j,0)+(0,j) carrier spaces of the Lorentz algebra in terms of Lorentz-tensors for bosons, and tensor-spinors for fermions, and by means of second order Lagrangians. The method allows to avoid the cumbersome matrix calculus and higher \partial^{2j} order wave equations inherent to the Weinberg-Joos approach. We start with reducible Lorentz-tensor (tensor-spinor) representation spaces hosting one sole (j,0)+(0,j) irreducible sector and design there a representation reduction algorithm based on one of the Casimir invariants of the Lorentz algebra. This algorithm allows us to separate neatly the pure spin-j sector of interest from the rest, while preserving the separate Lorentz- and Dirac indexes. However, the Lorentz invariants are momentum independent and do not provide wave equations. Genuine wave equations are obtained by conditioning the Lorentz-tensors under consideration to satisfy the Klein-Gordon equation. In so doing, one always ends up with wave equations and associated Lagrangians that are second order in the momenta. Specifically, a spin-3/2 particle transforming as (3/2,0)+ (0,3/2) is comfortably described by a second order Lagrangian in the basis of the totally antisymmetric Lorentz tensor-spinor of second rank, Ψ_[ μν]. Moreover, the particle is shown to propagate causally within an electromagnetic background. In our study of (3/2,0)+(0,3/2) as part of Ψ_[μν] we reproduce the electromagnetic multipole moments known from the Weinberg-Joos theory. We also find a Compton differential cross section that satisfies unitarity in forward direction. The suggested tensor calculus presents itself very computer friendly with respect to the symbolic software FeynCalc.
description: LaTex 34 pages, 1 table, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1312.5811
Trion formation in a two-dimensional hole-doped electron gas
Creators: name: Spink, G. G.
name: Ríos, P. López
name: Drummond, N. D.
name: Needs, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction between a single hole and a two-dimensional, paramagnetic, homogeneous electron gas is studied using diffusion quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Calculations of the electron-hole correlation energy, pair-correlation function, and the electron-hole center-of-mass momentum density are reported for a range of electron--hole mass ratios and electron densities. We find numerical evidence of a crossover from a collective Mahan exciton to a trion-dominated state in a density range in agreement with that found in recent experiments on quantum well heterostructures.
description: Final author version. 6 figures. Minor changes in this version include slightly expanded discussion of the peak in the momentum density in the supplemental material. Supplemental material is available on arXiv via the ancillary files attached to this submission
A parallel eigensolver for real-space pseudopotential density functional theory calculations
Creators: name: Liou, Kai-Hsin
name: 0000-0002-0930-0005
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Electronic structure problem
Density functional theory
Eigenvalue problem
Spectrum slicing
Space-filling curves
Real-space methods

description: First-principles electronic structure calculations are a popular tool for understanding and predicting properties of materials. Among such methods, the combination of real-space density functional theory and pseudopotentials to solve the Kohn–Sham equation has several advantages. Real-space methods, such as finite differences and finite elements, avoid the global communication needed in fast Fourier transformation and offer better scalability for large calculations on hundreds or thousands of compute nodes. Besides, finite-difference methods with a uniform real-space grid are easy to implement, e.g., the convergence of a Kohn–Sham solution is controlled by a single parameter – the grid spacing. One promising algorithm for solving the Kohn–Sham eigenvalue problem in real space is the Chebyshev-filtered subspace iteration method (CheFSI). Within this algorithm, the charge density is constructed without regard to a solution for individual eigenvalues. However, for large systems CheFSI may suffer from super-linear scaling operations such as orthonormalization and the Rayleigh–Ritz procedure. In the dissertation I will present two improvements in CheFSI to enhance its scalability and accelerate calculation. The first one is a hybrid method that combines a spectrum slicing method and CheFSI. The spectrum slicing method divides a Kohn–Sham eigenvalue problem into subproblems, wherein each subproblem can be solved in parallel using CheFSI. We will show that, by the simulations of confined systems with thousands of atoms, this hybrid method can be faster and possesses better scalability than CheFSI. The second improvement is a grid partitioning method based on space-filling curves. Space-filling curves based grid partitioning improves the efficiency of the sparse matrix–vector multiplication, which is the key component of CheFSI. We will show that, by computations of confined systems with 50,000 atoms or 200,000 electrons, this method effectively reduces the communication overhead and improves the utilization of the vector processing capabilities provided by most modern parallel computers. Along with the improvements, I will also present three applications. One is the study of the evolution of density of states of silicon nanocrystals from small ones to their bulk limit. The simulations can hardly be performed without the improvement in sparse matrix–vector multiplication enhanced by space-filling curves based grid partitioning. The other two applications are the studies of proton transfer in liquid water and the adsorption of water on titanium dioxide surfaces.
Kisspeptin signalling pathway in breast cancer biology
Creators: name: Azubuike, Udochi
name: L. Newton, Claire
name: van den Bout, Iman
Publisher: name: University of Pretoria
Year: 2022
Subjects: Receptors and membrane biology
Cell development, proliferation and death
Cancer cell biology

description: The composite data used to compile the PhD thesis titled 'the Kisspeptin signalling pathway and its role in breast cancer biology'. This data was also used for a published article titled 'Lack of oestrogen receptor expression in breast cancer cells does not correlate with Kisspeptin signalling and migration, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(15), 8744. The data is aimed at shedding light on the ability of Kisspeptin to induce cell signalling related to metastasis in two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. The non-metastatic BT-20 and the metastatic MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell lines were selected as they have very different migratory and metastatic characteristics. Western blot analysis was used to investigate extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) phosphorylation, and β-arrestin1/2 expression. Calcium signalling was measured using Fluo-3 AM, cell proliferation was measured using resazurin, and cell migration was assessed using an Oris™ migration assay. It was found that ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation and calcium mobilisation occurred in the BT-20 cell line after Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) stimulation. ERK1/2 phosphorylation occurred late, in a β-arrestin-dependent manner. In contrast, only Akt phosphorylation and calcium mobilisation occurred in MDA-MB-231 cells after stimulation with KP-10. KP-10 increased migration in a calcium-dependent manner in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. KP-10 did not increase cell proliferation in either cell line. These data suggest that in these two related cell lines different signalling and physiological outcomes are initiated after KP-10 stimulation. The data also suggest that Kisspeptin and KISS1R may not play a pro-metastatic role in all ER- breast cancers.
(102508) Kate Marguerite Rose Salmon
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Adult male circumcision to prevent HIV?
Creators: name: Atashili, Julius
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Summary: While the HIV pandemic persists, and randomized clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of male circumcision as an HIV prevention measure are underway with initial results being released, there is still much debate on the implications of these studies as well as on the feasibility of such a measure. This paper summarizes and discusses the main findings of studies of the evidence underlying adult male circumcision to prevent HIV, explores its feasibility and the implication for policy and future research. While the existing biological and epidemiological evidence suggest potential reduction of the risk of HIV acquisition in circumcised men, additional evidence from randomized trials are needed to confirm this. Even if the findings are confirmed, the practical aspects of implementing adult circumcision would have to be carefully considered. The feasibility of such an intervention, particularly with respect to its cost-effectiveness, safety and acceptability, is still to be demonstrated.
The effects of convection criteria on the evolution of population III stars and the detectability of their supernovae
Creators: name: Lawlor, T. M.
name: Young, T. R.
name: Teffs, J.
name: MacDonald, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first stars continue to elude modern telescopes, but much has been accomplished in observing the glow of the first galaxies. As detection capabilities improve we will eventually resolve these galaxies, but hopes of observing an individual star remains dim for the foreseeable future. However, our first view of an individual first star may be possible due to its explosion. In this work, we present evolution calculations for Population III (Pop III) stars and their subsequent supernovae explosions. Our evolution models include a mass range of 15 - 100 M$_\odot$, each with initial heavy element abundance Z = 10-14. Our models are evolved from pre-main sequence through formation of an iron core, and thus near to core collapse. We find that modelling the evolution of these stars is very sensitive to the choice of convection criterion; here we provide evolution results using both the Schwarzschild and Ledoux criteria. We also use the final structure from our models for numerical simulation of their supernovae light curves using a radiation hydrodynamics code. In doing so, we estimate a lower bound of initial model mass that may be possible to observe in the near future. We also find that our 40 M$_\odot$ Schwarzschild evolution model produces the brightest supernova peak and statistically should be the most frequently observed. At our highest redshift z= 15, only the 60 M$_\odot$ Schwarzschild model at peak magnitude starts to rival the 40 M$_\odot$ model in brightness.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures in MNRAS, 2015
Collateral damage and what the future might hold. The need to balance prudent antibiotic utilization and stewardship with effective patient management
Creators: name: Weber, David J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Increased severity of illness among hospitalised patients and an ageing population have led to an increased incidence of hospital acquired infections and represent a significant challenge to the clinician in terms of managing infections. The collateral damage which can occur with antibiotic therapy is also an important consideration when initiating empirical antibiotic therapy, particularly in patients who are seriously ill or immunocom-promised. Collateral damage is the term used to describe the adverse ecological effects of antibiotic therapy, such as the selection of drug-resistant organisms, and the adverse events associated with antibiotic therapy such as Clostridium difficile disease. Antibiotic use and ineffective infection control have been implicated in the development and spread of resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens which are associated with increased mortality and morbidity, prolonged hospitalisation and increased costs. Carbapenem consumption and mechanical ventilation have been linked to colonisation or infection with problematic organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus oureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, while cephalosporin use has been associated with evolution of infections due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and Gram-negative bacilli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), and to colonisation or superinfection with Clostridium difficile. The safety profile of antibiotics must also be taken into consideration when selecting therapy, and single broad-spectrum agents may provide excellent coverage with a low risk of adverse events. The use of single agents may be associated with lower costs, improved ease of administration and fewer drug-drug interactions. However, in an environment of increasing resistance, initial aggressive therapy may be required to avoid excessive mortality and morbidity. Ideally antibiotic therapy should be directed by culture and knowledge of local susceptibility patterns. Before culture results are available therapy may need to be initiated empirically to cover the likely pathogens. In neutropenic patients with fever the current guidelines recommend the use of empirical therapy at the onset of fever for all patients. Where no aetiology is identified, antibiotic therapy should continue for at least 2 weeks while aggressive attempts are made to define the source of fever. When the aetiology of infection has been identified, therapy should be adjusted to provide optimal treatment with the best safety profile and lowest cost. The principal of avoiding collateral damage provides a useful framework for selecting antibiotics for empirical therapy in today's changing environment.
Random MERA States and the Tightness of the Brandao-Horodecki Entropy Bound
Creators: name: Hastings, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a random MERA state with a bond dimension that varies with the level of the MERA. This causes the state to exhibit a very different entanglement structure from that usually seen in MERA, with neighboring intervals of length $l$ exhibiting a mutual information proportional to $εl$ for some constant $ε$, up to a length scale exponentially large in $ε$. We express the entropy of a random MERA in terms of sums over cuts through the MERA network, with the entropy in this case controlled by the cut minimizing bond dimensions cut through. One motivation for this construction is to investigate the tightness of the Brandao-Horodecki\cite{bh} entropy bound relating entanglement to correlation decay. Using the random MERA, we show that at least part of the proof is tight: there do exist states with the required property of having linear mutual information between neighboring intervals at all length scales. We conjecture that this state has exponential correlation decay and that it demonstrates that the Brandao-Horodecki bound is tight (at least up to constant factors), and we provide some numerical evidence for this as well as a sketch of how a proof of correlation decay might proceed.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures; v2, final version in press, added some discussion of possible generalizations
(102493) Arthur William Boucher
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Efficacy of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in reducing rotavirus-associated health care utilization across three regions (11 countries)
Creators: name: Cook, John
name: Itzler, Robbin
name: Koch, Gary
name: Heaton, Penny
name: Santosham, Mathuram
name: Coia, Michele
name: Christie, Celia
name: Matson, David
name: Vesikari, Timo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a human-bovine reassortant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (PRV) on health care encounters in nearly 70 000 subjects randomized in three regions - Europe, the United States, and Latin America/the Caribbean - in the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST). METHODS: Healthy 6- to 12-week-old infants received 3 doses of PRV or placebo at 4- to 10-week intervals. The exact binomial method for ratios of Poisson counts was used to evaluate the effect of PRV on the rate of rotavirus-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits involving rotavirus G-types 1-4 occurring > or =14 days after the third dose of vaccine for up to 2 years. RESULTS: In fully vaccinated infants, reductions in rotavirus-associated hospitalizations and ED visits were 94.7% (95% CI: 90.9, 96.9) in Europe, 94.9% (95% CI: 84.0, 98.9) in the United States, and 90.0% (95% CI: 29.4, 99.8) in the Latin American/Caribbean regions. CONCLUSIONS: PRV reduced hospitalizations and ED visits within each region in REST. Results were consistent across regions and across the overall study cohort.
(102494) Emily Louise Boucher
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.