cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficient algorithm for many-electron angular momentum and spin diagonalization on atomic subshells
Creators: name: Mendl, Christian B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We devise an efficient algorithm for the symbolic calculation of irreducible angular momentum and spin (LS) eigenspaces within the $n$-fold antisymmetrized tensor product $\wedge^n V_u$, where $n$ is the number of electrons and $u = \mathrm{s}, \mathrm{p}, \mathrm{d},\dots$ denotes the atomic subshell. This is an essential step for dimension reduction in configuration-interaction (CI) methods applied to atomic many-electron quantum systems. The algorithm relies on the observation that each $L_z$ eigenstate with maximal eigenvalue is also an $\boldsymbol{L}^2$ eigenstate (equivalently for $S_z$ and $\boldsymbol{S}^2$), as well as the traversal of LS eigenstates using the lowering operators $L_-$ and $S_-$. Iterative application to the remaining states in $\wedge^n V_u$ leads to an implicit simultaneous diagonalization. A detailed complexity analysis for fixed $n$ and increasing subshell number $u$ yields run time $\mathcal{O}(u^{3n-2})$. A symbolic computer algebra implementation is available online.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Short-range interaction vs long-range correlation in bird flocks
Creators: name: Cavagna, Andrea
name: Del Castello, Lorenzo
name: Dey, Supravat
name: Giardina, Irene
name: Melillo, Stefania
name: Parisi, Leonardo
name: Viale, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Bird flocks are a paradigmatic example of collective motion. One of the prominent experimental traits discovered about flocks is the presence of long range velocity correlations between individuals, which allow them to influence each other over the large scales, keeping a high level of group coordination. A crucial question is to understand what is the mutual interaction between birds generating such nontrivial correlations. Here we use the Maximum Entropy (ME) approach to infer from experimental data of natural flocks the effective interactions between birds. Compared to previous studies, we make a significant step forward as we retrieve the full functional dependence of the interaction on distance and find that it decays exponentially over a range of a few individuals. The fact that ME gives a short-range interaction even though its experimental input is the long-range correlation function, shows that the method is able to discriminate the relevant information encoded in such correlations and single out a minimal number of effective parameters. Finally, we show how the method can be used to capture the degree of anisotropy of mutual interactions.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
title: Extrinsische interpersonelle Emotionsregulation am Übergang zur Adoleszenz
Creators: name: Strang, Theresa
Year: 2022

description: Der Einfluss einer Person auf die Emotionen einer anderen in einer sozialen Interaktion wird extrinsische interpersonelle Emotionsregulation (eIER) genannt. Diese spezifische Unterform der Emotionsregulation ist bislang, insbesondere im Kindes- und Jugendalter, kaum beforscht, obwohl sie Auswirkungen auf Aspekte wie individuelles Wohlbefinden und die zwischenmenschliche Beziehung haben kann. Um zur Schließung dieser Forschungslücke beizutragen, wurde eine querschnittliche, quantitative Fragebogenstudie durchgeführt, in der Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 10 bis 13 Jahren (N = 101) und deren Eltern (N = 60) hinsichtlich Aspekten der eIER und potenziellen Prädiktoren (Emotionserkennung, intrapersonelle Emotionsregulation [ER], Bindung) befragt wurden. Eine höhere Qualität der Bindung zur Mutter sagte sowohl eine höhere eIER-Kompetenz als auch einen häufigeren Einsatz von eIER-Strategien signifikant vorher. Schwierigkeiten in der intrapersonellen ER sagten ebenfalls einen häufigeren eIER-Strategieeinsatz vorher und mediierten zudem den Zusammenhang zwischen Bindung und eIER-Strategieeinsatz. Emotionserkennung war kein signifikanter Prädiktor oder Mediator. In Bezug auf die eIER ließen sich keine Alterseffekte, aber vereinzelte Geschlechtsunterschiede feststellen. Bei der Arbeit handelt es sich um eine Pilotstudie, deren Ergebnisse Hinweise darauf liefern können, welche Faktoren relevante Einflussgrößen im Zusammenhang mit eIER im Kindes- und Jugendalter darstellen. Es werden Anregungen für zukünftige Forschungsfragen und methodische Verbesserungen gegeben.
description: The influence of one person on the emotions of another in social interaction is called extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation (eIER). This specific subtype of emotion regulation has hardly been researched so far, especially in childhood and adolescence, although it can have an impact on aspects such as individual well-being and interpersonal relationships. To help fill this research gap, a cross-sectional, quantitative questionnaire study was conducted in which children and adolescents aged 10 to 13 years (N = 101) and their parents (N = 60) were interviewed regarding aspects of eIER and potential predictors (emotion recognition, intrapersonal emotion regulation [ER], attachment). Higher quality of mother-child-attachment significantly predicted both higher eIER competence and more frequent use of eIER strategies. Difficulties in intrapersonal ER also predicted more frequent eIER strategy use and mediated the association between attachment and eIER strategy use. Emotion recognition was no significant predictor or mediator. No age effects were found for eIER, but isolated gender differences were identified. This thesis serves as a pilot study, the results of which may provide indications of potentially relevant factors influencing eIER in childhood and adolescence. Suggestions for future research questions and methodological improvements are given.
Quasi-instantons in QCD with chiral symmetry restoration
Creators: name: Kanazawa, Takuya
name: Yamamoto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show, without using semiclassical approximations, that, in high-temperature QCD with chiral symmetry restoration and U(1) axial symmetry breaking, the partition function for sufficiently light quarks can be expressed as an ensemble of noninteracting objects with topological charge that obey the Poisson statistics. We argue that the topological objects are "quasi-instantons" (rather than bare instantons) taking into account quantum effects. Our result is valid even close to the (pseudo)critical temperature of the chiral phase transition.
description: 6 pages, published version
Topological modes bound to dislocations in mechanical metamaterials
Creators: name: Paulose, Jayson
name: Chen, Bryan Gin-ge
name: Vitelli, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical metamaterials are artificial structures with unusual properties, such as negative Poisson ratio, bistability or tunable vibrational properties, that originate in the geometry of their unit cell. At the heart of such unusual behaviour is often a soft mode: a motion that does not significantly stretch or compress the links between constituent elements. When activated by motors or external fields, soft modes become the building blocks of robots and smart materials. Here, we demonstrate the existence of topological soft modes that can be positioned at desired locations in a metamaterial while being robust against a wide range of structural deformations or changes in material parameters. These protected modes, localized at dislocations, are the mechanical analogue of topological states bound to defects in electronic systems. We create physical realizations of the topological modes in prototypes of kagome lattices built out of rigid triangular plates. We show mathematically that they originate from the interplay between two Berry phases: the Burgers vector of the dislocation and the topological polarization of the lattice. Our work paves the way towards engineering topologically protected nano-mechanical structures for molecular robotics or information storage and read-out.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures; changes to text and figures and added analysis on mode localization; see http://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/~paulose/dislocation-modes/ for accompanying videos
LightSpeed: Light and Fast Neural Light Fields on Mobile Devices
Creators: name: Gupta, Aarush
name: Cao, Junli
name: Wang, Chaoyang
name: Hu, Ju
name: Tulyakov, Sergey
name: Ren, Jian
name: Jeni, László A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Real-time novel-view image synthesis on mobile devices is prohibitive due to the limited computational power and storage. Using volumetric rendering methods, such as NeRF and its derivatives, on mobile devices is not suitable due to the high computational cost of volumetric rendering. On the other hand, recent advances in neural light field representations have shown promising real-time view synthesis results on mobile devices. Neural light field methods learn a direct mapping from a ray representation to the pixel color. The current choice of ray representation is either stratified ray sampling or Plucker coordinates, overlooking the classic light slab (two-plane) representation, the preferred representation to interpolate between light field views. In this work, we find that using the light slab representation is an efficient representation for learning a neural light field. More importantly, it is a lower-dimensional ray representation enabling us to learn the 4D ray space using feature grids which are significantly faster to train and render. Although mostly designed for frontal views, we show that the light-slab representation can be further extended to non-frontal scenes using a divide-and-conquer strategy. Our method offers superior rendering quality compared to previous light field methods and achieves a significantly improved trade-off between rendering quality and speed.
description: Project Page: http://lightspeed-r2l.github.io/ . Add camera ready version
Improved Panning on Non-Equidistant Loudspeakers with Direct Sound Level Compensation
Creators: name: Hanschke, Jan-Hendrik
name: Arteaga, Daniel
name: Cengarle, Giulio
name: Lando, Joshua
name: Thomas, Mark R. P.
name: Seefeldt, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Loudspeaker rendering techniques that create phantom sound sources often assume an equidistant loudspeaker layout. Typical home setups might not fulfill this condition as loudspeakers deviate from canonical positions, thus requiring a corresponding calibration. The standard approach is to compensate for delays and to match the loudness of each loudspeaker at the listener's location. It was found that a shift of the phantom image occurs when this calibration procedure is applied and one of a pair of loudspeakers is significantly closer to the listener than the other. In this paper, a novel approach to panning on non-equidistant loudspeaker layouts is presented whereby the panning position is governed by the direct sound and the perceived loudness is governed by the full impulse response. Subjective listening tests are presented that validate the approach and quantify the perceived effect of the compensation. In a setup where the standard calibration leads to an average error of 10 degrees, the proposed direct sound compensation largely returns the phantom source to its intended position.
description: 10 pages. Accepted for presentation in AES Convention 155 (2023)
Representations of knot groups into $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbf{C})$ and twisted Alexander polynomials
Creators: name: Porti, Joan
name: Heusener, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M05, 57M27

description: Let $Γ$ be the fundamental group of the exterior of a knot in the three-sphere. We study deformations of representations of $Γ$ into $\mathrm{SL}_n(\mathbf{C})$ which are the sum of two irreducible representations. For such representations we give a necessary condition, in terms of the twisted Alexander polynomial, for the existence of irreducible deformations. We also give a more restrictive sufficient condition for the existence of irreducible deformations. We also prove a duality theorem for twisted Alexander polynomials and we describe the local structure of the representation and character varieties.
title: Precipitation and Soil Properties Determine Long-Term Consequences of Disturbance and Invasion in Drylands
Creators: name: Terry, Tyson
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Disturbance and invasive species have dramatic effects on desert plant communities, often resulting in degradation or shifts to alternative plant communities. Climate and soil properties determine water availability to plants, and have been thought to drive patterns of recovery following disturbance and potential for invasion.
In chapter II we used a combination of natural gas pipelines and satellite imagery to understand how recovery from a uniform disturbance differs across precipitation and soil gradients. We used a recovery ratio (disturbed/undisturbed) of pipeline pixels and their undisturbed nearest neighbor pixel to quantify recovery in a comparable way across precipitation gradients. We found widespread evidence of incomplete recovery of NPP except in locations that receive the majority of their precipitation during winter. Recovery timing for shrub cover varied 50-120 years after disturbance, and was quickest in warm deserts where post-disturbance shrub species differed from the dominant shrub species in undisturbed locations.
In chapter III we use natural gas pipeline data (same as chapter 1), but asked how disturbance affects production-precipitation relationships. We did this by comparing precipitation use efficiency (average NPP/average precipitation) and sensitivity to deviations in annual precipitation at disturbed and undisturbed sites across a precipitation gradient. We found that effects of disturbance varied according to shifts in vegetation type following disturbance, with general trends of lower PUE and higher sensitivity tied to losses of woody plants increases in grass species.
In chapter IV we create a species distribution model for an exotic annual grass species Bromus tectorum using a novel approach that combines soil microclimate and germination models. The model was unable to explain abundance of B. tectorum across sites, but predicted presence well (73% accuracy). Our modeling approach allowed us to predict suitable B. tectorum habitat at an accuracy level similar to models using satellite imagery. Hindcasts of our model indicate that abiotic conditions that favor presence of B. tectorum are increasing with the biggest changes at mid-elevation sites (1765-2111m).
Krylov-projected quantum Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Blunt, N. S.
name: Alavi, Ali
name: Booth, George H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach to the calculation of arbitrary spectral, thermal and excited state properties within the full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo framework. This is achieved via an unbiased projection of the Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem into a space of stochastically sampled Krylov vectors, thus enabling the calculation of real-frequency spectral and thermal properties and avoiding explicit analytic continuation. We use this approach to calculate temperature-dependent properties and one- and two-body spectral functions for various Hubbard models, as well as isolated excited states in ab initio systems.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Double Poisson vertex algebras and non-commutative Hamiltonian equations
Creators: name: De Sole, Alberto
name: Kac, Victor G.
name: Valeri, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B69 (Primary) 17B80, 17B63, 35Q53, 37K10 (secondary)

description: We develop the formalism of double Poisson vertex algebras (local and non-local) aimed at the study of non-commutative Hamiltionan PDEs. This is a generalization of the theory of double Poisson algebras, developed by Van den Bergh, which is used in the study of Hamiltonian ODEs. We apply our theory of double Poisson vertex algebras to non-commutative KP and Gelfand-Dickey hierarchies. We also construct the related non-commutative de Rham and variational complexes.
description: 56 pages. Minor editing and corrections and references added following the referee suggestions
MPEC 2023-P15 : 2011 RS
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Supporting Information
Creators: name: Burton, Jamie
name: TRENT PENMAN
name: JANE CAWSON
name: ALEXANDER FILKOV
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supporting Information from: Leaf traits predict global patterns in the structure and flammability of forest litter beds
Millihertz quasi-periodic oscillations and broad iron line from LMC X-1
Creators: name: Alam, Md. Shah
name: Dewangan, G. C.
name: Belloni, T.
name: Mukherjee, D.
name: Jhingan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the temporal and energy spectral characteristics of the persistent black hole X-ray binary LMC X-1 using two XMM-Newton and a Suzaku observation. We report the discovery of low frequency (~ 26-29 mHz) quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). We also report the variablity of the broad iron K-alpha line studied earlier with Suzaku. The QPOs are found to be weak with fractional rms amplitude in the ~ 1-2 % range and quality factor Q~2-10 . They are accompanied by weak red noise or zero-centered Lorentzian components with rms variability at the ~ 1-3 % level. The energy spectra consists of three varying components - multicolour disk blackbody (kT_{in} ~ 0.7-0.9 keV), high energy power-law tail (Gamma ~ 2.4 - 3.3) and a broad iron line at 6.4-6.9 keV. The broad iron line, the QPO and the strong power-law component are not always present. The QPOs and the broad iron line appear to be clearly detected in the presence of a strong power-law component. The broad iron line is found to be weaker when the disk is likely truncated and absent when the power-law component almost vanished. These results suggest that the QPO and the broad iron line together can be used to probe the dynamics of the accretion disk and the corona.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, minor title change matching published version
Environmental tracers, groundwater age distributions and vulnerability
Creators: name: Hinsby, Klaus
name: Broers, Hans Peter
name: Gourcy, Laurence
name: Szőcs Teodóra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: groundwater age, travel times, tracers, radionuclides

description: GeoERA WP6 report / deliverable D6.1b on environmental tracers for assessment of groundwater age distributions and vulnerability. Related data are visualized on a groundwater thematic map view of the European Geological Data Infrastructure accessible here: Examples of the use of environmental tracers as groundwater age indicators in European aquifers
description: Report from the GeoERA program / an ERA-NET on Applied Geoscience with 15 projects within Horizon 2020: Establishing the European Geological Surveys Research Area to deliver a Geological Service for Europe (GeoERA) - https://geoera.eu/ - Additional co-funding was received from Innovation Fund Denmark under grant no: 8055-00073B
description: {"references": ["Focazio, MJ, Reilly, TE, Rupert, MG, Helsel, DR. Assessing Ground-Water Vulnerability to Contamination: Providing Scientifically Defensible Information for Decision Makers. US Geological Survey, Circular 1224, https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2002/circ1224/, 2013."]}
FLARE: Fast Learning of Animatable and Relightable Mesh Avatars
Creators: name: Bharadwaj, Shrisha
name: Zheng, Yufeng
name: Hilliges, Otmar
name: Black, Michael J.
name: Fernandez-Abrevaya, Victoria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Our goal is to efficiently learn personalized animatable 3D head avatars from videos that are geometrically accurate, realistic, relightable, and compatible with current rendering systems. While 3D meshes enable efficient processing and are highly portable, they lack realism in terms of shape and appearance. Neural representations, on the other hand, are realistic but lack compatibility and are slow to train and render. Our key insight is that it is possible to efficiently learn high-fidelity 3D mesh representations via differentiable rendering by exploiting highly-optimized methods from traditional computer graphics and approximating some of the components with neural networks. To that end, we introduce FLARE, a technique that enables the creation of animatable and relightable mesh avatars from a single monocular video. First, we learn a canonical geometry using a mesh representation, enabling efficient differentiable rasterization and straightforward animation via learned blendshapes and linear blend skinning weights. Second, we follow physically-based rendering and factor observed colors into intrinsic albedo, roughness, and a neural representation of the illumination, allowing the learned avatars to be relit in novel scenes. Since our input videos are captured on a single device with a narrow field of view, modeling the surrounding environment light is non-trivial. Based on the split-sum approximation for modeling specular reflections, we address this by approximating the pre-filtered environment map with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) modulated by the surface roughness, eliminating the need to explicitly model the light. We demonstrate that our mesh-based avatar formulation, combined with learned deformation, material, and lighting MLPs, produces avatars with high-quality geometry and appearance, while also being efficient to train and render compared to existing approaches.
description: 15 pages, Accepted: ACM Transactions on Graphics (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia), 2023
Large Field Inflation Models from Higher-Dimensional Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Furuuchi, Kazuyuki
name: Koyama, Yoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent detection of B-mode polarization of CMB by BICEP2 which is possibly of primordial origin, we study large field inflation models which can be obtained from higher-dimensional gauge theories. The constraints from CMB observations on the gauge theory parameters are given, and their naturalness are discussed. Among the models analyzed, Dante's Inferno model turns out to be the most preferred model in this framework.
description: v3: large re-editing and addition of observational constraints on axionic couplings following referee's suggestions. slight modification of title for clarity. 1+26 pages, 2 figs
Shadow boundary effects in hybrid numerical-asymptotic methods for high frequency scattering
Creators: name: Hewett, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N38, 65R20, 78A45, 78M15, 78M35

description: The hybrid numerical-asymptotic (HNA) approach aims to reduce the computational cost of conventional numerical methods for high frequency wave scattering problems by enriching the numerical approximation space with oscillatory basis functions, chosen based on partial knowledge of the high frequency solution asymptotics. In this paper we propose a new methodology for the treatment of shadow boundary effects in HNA boundary element methods, using the classical geometrical theory of diffraction phase functions combined with mesh refinement. We develop our methodology in the context of scattering by a class of sound-soft nonconvex polygons, presenting a rigorous numerical analysis (supported by numerical results) which proves the effectiveness of our HNA approximation space at high frequencies. Our analysis is based on a study of certain approximation properties of the Fresnel integral and related functions, which govern the shadow boundary behaviour.
Lattice Universe: examples and problems
Creators: name: Brilenkov, Maxim
name: Eingorn, Maxim
name: Zhuk, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider lattice Universes with spatial topologies $T\times T\times T$, $\; T\times T\times R\; $ and $\; T\times R\times R$. In the Newtonian limit of General Relativity, we solve the Poisson equation for the gravitational potential in the enumerated models. In the case of point-like massive sources in the $T\times T\times T$ model, we demonstrate that the gravitational potential has no definite values on the straight lines joining identical masses in neighboring cells, i.e. at points where masses are absent. Clearly, this is a nonphysical result since the dynamics of cosmic bodies is not determined in such a case. The only way to avoid this problem and get a regular solution at any point of the cell is the smearing of these masses over some region. Therefore, the smearing of gravitating bodies in $N$-body simulations is not only a technical method but also a physically substantiated procedure. In the cases of $\; T\times T\times R\; $ and $\; T\times R\times R$ topologies, there is no way to get any physically reasonable and nontrivial solution. The only solutions we can get here are the ones which reduce these topologies to the $T\times T\times T$ one.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Thermodynamic bounds and general properties of optimal efficiency and power in linear responses
Creators: name: Jiang, Jian-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the optimal exergy efficiency and power for thermodynamic systems with Onsager-type "current-force" relationship describing the linear-response to external influences. We derive, in simple analytic forms, the maximum efficiency and optimal efficiency for maximum power for a thermodynamic machine described by a $N\times N$ symmetric Onsager matrix with arbitrary $N$. The figure of merit is expressed in terms of the largest eigenvalue of the "coupling matrix" which is solely determined by the Onsager matrix. Some simple but general relationships between the power and efficiency at the conditions for (i) maximum efficiency and (ii) optimal efficiency for maximum power are obtained. We show how the second law of thermodynamics bounds the optimal efficiency and the Onsager matrix, and relate those bounds together. The maximum power theorem (Jacobi's Law) is generalized to all thermodynamic machines in the linear-response regime. We also discuss systems with asymmetric Onsager matrix (such as systems under magnetic field) where the reversible limit of efficiency can be reached at finite output power. Cooperative effects are found to improve the figure of merit significantly in systems with multiply cross-correlated responses. Application to example systems demonstrates that the theory is helpful in guiding the search for high performance materials and structures in energy researches.
description: published version
title: Overtourismus und die Auswirkungen der COVID-19 Pandemie am Beispiel Hallstatts
Creators: name: Maier, Karin
Year: 2022

description: Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Frage wie sich das Problem des Overtourismus im österreichischen Ort Hallstatt darstellt und ob sich der Ort durch die Zeit der COVID-19 Pandemie bedingten Lockdowns und internationalen Reisebeschränkungen Pläne überlegt hat, und wenn ja, welche Pläne das sind, um nach der Pandemie mit dem Problem des Overtourismus umzugehen. Mithilfe eines mixed methods approach bestehend aus theoretischer Analyse, Daten- und Dokumentenanalyse, Interviews und Beobachtung vor Ort wird die Situation Hallstatts vor der COVID-19 Pandemie und im Sommer 2021 analysiert und mit theoretischen Ansätzen, wie Hardins Allmende Problematik, Urrys Tourist Gaze und Butlers Tourism Area Life Cyle verknüpft. In Hallstatt zeigte sich, wie in anderen von Overtourismus betroffenen Regionen auch, dass es nicht das eine Konzept gegen Overtourismus gibt, das dieses Problems löst. Es treffen die Interessen verschiedener Gruppierungen aufeinander, um ein für alle zufriedenstellendes Modell der Problemlösung zu erarbeiten. Während der Zeit der COVID-19 Pandemie zeigte sich weiters, dass kein Tourismus in Hallstatt ebenfalls keine Option ist, da dies Existenzen bedroht und Überalterung droht, da erwerbstätige Personen noch stärker abwandern werden als sie es zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt schon tun. COVID-19 brachte den von Overtourismus geplagten Bewohner*innen Hallstatts eine Verschnaufpause aber keine Lösung ihres Problems.
description: This thesis tries to answer the question how the problem of overtourism shows in the Austrian town of Hallstatt and if plans, and what plans, arose during the COVID-19 lockdowns and international travel restrictions on how to deal with this problem in the future. Using a mixed methods approach of theoretical analysis, data and document analysis, interviews and observations in Hallstatt the situation there previous to the COVID-19 pandemic and in the summer of 2021 are analyzed and linked to theoretical approaches like Hardin’s tragedy of the commons, Urry’s Tourist Gaze and Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle. Hallstatt, as other regions suffering from overtourism, shows that there is not only general concept to solve this problem. Interest of various stakeholders need to be considered to develop a solution acceptable for everyone. During the COVID-19 pandemic it became obvious that no tourism is also not an option for Hallstatt since too many residents’ incomes depend on it. Due to COVID-19 the residents of Hallstatt had the opportunity to catch their breaths but there is no solution for their problem in sight.
Time-reversal-invariant topological superconductivity in n-doped BiH
Creators: name: Yang, Fan
name: Liu, Cheng-Cheng
name: Zhang, Yu-Zhong
name: Yao, Yugui
name: Lee, Dung-Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intrinsic and symmetry protected topological states have attracted lots of interest in condensed matter physics recently. In particular, time reversal symmetry protected fermion topological insulators have been theoretically predicted and experimentally verified. However despite considerable experimental and theoretical works, definitive evidence for time reversal invariant topological superconductivity is still lacking. Here we propose that upon electron doping the hydrogenated single bilayer Bi, namely BiH, will exhibit time reversal invariant topological superconductivity. If confirmed experimentally this material will constitute the first example of TRI topological superconductor.
description: Replaced for the published version
title: Die Rolle der Frau im "Creative Capitalism" am Beispiel der "Bill und Melinda Gates Foundation"
Creators: name: Funke-Kaiser, Katharina
Year: 2022

description: Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit ist das (Ex-)Ehepaar Bill und Melinda Gates sowie ihre wohltätige Stiftung die Bill und Melinda Gates Foundation (fortan: BMGF). Es geht um das Wirken dieser Stiftung im Globalen Süden unter Berücksichtigung von Gender-Aspekten. Vorliegende Arbeit bedient sich hierfür einer Diskrusanalyse nach Michel Foucault. Diese Arbeit legt demnach einen Fokus auf Geschlecht in Zusammenhang mit „Creative Capitalism“ sowie der BMGF und versucht diese, diskursanalytisch in einen Zusammenhang zu setzen. Die Masterarbeit geht der Frage nach, welche Rolle der Frau im „Creative Capitalism“ zu kommt. Exemplifiziert werden sollen Frauenrollen einerseits entlang des Wirkens der BMGF im Globalen Süden sowie andererseits entlang eines biografischen Zuschnitts mit einem Fokus auf das Handeln von Melinda Gates im Globalen Norden. Es geht um Geschlecht, Machtstrukturen und Kapitalismus. Machtstrukturen, die im Globalen Norden durch die BMGF verdeutlicht werden. Es wird auf die Krisenhaftigkeit des Kapitalismus eingegangen, aufbauend auf der Idee einer „schöpferischen Zerstörung“ des Kapitalismus nach Joseph A. Schumpeter. Diese Krisenhaftigkeit wird mit der Idee des „Creative Capitalism“ kurzgeschlossen, der als Ansatz in den meisten Tätigkeiten der BMGF zum Tragen kommt. „Creative Capitalism“ wird als Möglichkeit betrachtet, kapitalistischen Krisen entgegenzuwirken. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, dass die BMGF eine noch nie dagewesene Machposition innerhalb des Entwicklungsdiskurs des 21. Jahrhunderts einnimmt, insbesondere auf gesundheitspolitische Fragen der WHO. Es soll zuletzt gezeigt werden, wie im „Creative Capitalism“, Marktgewinnung, Philanthropie und Kapitalismus verschmelzen. Gestützt wird der Fokus auf Geschlecht durch biopolitische Überlegungen von Michel Foucault und eine intersektionale Betrachtungsweise.
title: Student Veteran Innovation Workshop: Exploring Purpose-Driven Camaraderie
Creators: name: Kartchner, David Brian
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: There 1 million veterans enrolled in higher education in the U.S., and we know relatively little about them. In this work, the term student veteran refers to both former and current military service members. Most of the small body of literature on student veterans is focused on perceived issues found within this population, rather than the strengths they bring to their academic experience. In recent years, academic work has emerged that advocates a shift to looking at the positive traits of the student veteran community. Building on the emerging strength-based perspectives, the concept of purpose-driven camaraderie among student veterans introduces a different approach to supporting and understanding student veterans. Purpose-driven camaraderie is rooted in the mission-focused, team-driven environment found in the military that builds a sense of camaraderie.
The purpose of this study was to explore the application of purpose-driven camaraderie among student veterans in higher education. This happened through an innovation workshop, where student veterans participated as a team to address challenges within the student veteran community at their institution using a problem-solving process known as design thinking. The workshop was analyzed using Communities of Practice (CoP), which focuses on how individuals learn and interact as a community, and the emerging strength-based perspectives with a focus on purpose-driven camaraderie in the experiences of student veterans.
The study identifies the role of teamwork and a common goal in promoting community and camaraderie among the workshop participants. It further addresses the lack of interest that the participants demonstrated in working with other veterans, and the role of CoPs in overcoming this hurdle to purpose-driven camaraderie. Finally, the study identifies factors influencing how the veterans felt about themselves as veterans and how the workshop influenced their perspectives.
High performance solar cells based on graphene-GaAs heterostructures
Creators: name: Li, Xiaoqiang
name: Zhang, Shengjiao
name: Wang, Peng
name: Zhong, Huikai
name: Wu, Zhiqian
name: Chen, Hongshen
name: Liu, Cheng
name: Lin, Shisheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The honeycomb connection of carbon atoms by covalent bonds in a macroscopic two-dimensional scale leads to fascinating graphene and solar cell based on graphene/silicon Schottky diode has been widely studied. For solar cell applications, GaAs is superior to silicon as it has a direct band gap of 1.42 eV and its electron mobility is six times of that of silicon. However, graphene/GaAs solar cell has been rarely explored. Herein, we report graphene/GaAs solar cells with conversion efficiency (Eta) of 10.4% and 15.5% without and with anti-reflection layer on graphene, respectively. The Eta of 15.5% is higher than the state of art efficiency for graphene/Si system (14.5%). Furthermore, our calculation points out Eta of 25.8% can be reached by reasonably optimizing the open circuit voltage, junction ideality factor, resistance of graphene and metal/graphene contact. This research strongly support graphene/GaAs hetero-structure solar cell have great potential for practical applications.
description: The conversion efficiency mentioned in this manuscript is caculated accurately based on the J-V curve and effective functional area
Dimensional Reduction of the Generalized DBI
Creators: name: Ho, Jun-Kai
name: Ma, Chen-Te
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the generalized Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action, which describes a $q$-brane ending on a $p$-brane with a ($q$+1)-form background. This action has the equivalent descriptions in commutative and non-commutative settings, which can be shown from the generalized metric and Nambu-Sigma model. We mainly discuss the dimensional reduction of the generalized DBI at the massless level on the flat spacetime and constant antisymmetric background in the case of flat spacetime, constant antisymmetric background and the gauge potential vanishes for all time-like components. In the case of $q=2$, we can do the dimensional reduction to get the DBI theory. We also try to extend this theory by including a one-form gauge potential.
description: 29 pages, minor changes
title: Cooperation between liner shipping operators under EU and Chinese competition law
Creators: name: Ji, Wen
Year: 2022

description: Aufgrund der Spezialität der Schifffahrtsbranche hat die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Linienreedereien eine lange Geschichte der Freistellung von Wettbewerbsregeln. Mit zunehmender Konzentration der Marktstruktur hat die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Linienreedereien und ihre Auswirkungen auf den Markt den Bereich des Wettbewerbsrechts in den Fokus gerückt. Diese Arbeit untersucht den rechtlichen Status der Zusammenarbeit von Linienreedereien nach dem EU-Wettbewerbsrecht und dem chinesischen Kartellrecht. Es beginnt mit einer allgemeinen kurzen Einführung in den globalen Schifffahrtsmarkt, einschließlich der Vorteile der Zusammenarbeit und der hochkonzentrierten Marktstruktur. Anschließend wird eine Analyse der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Linienreedereien nach dem aktuellen EU-Wettbewerbsrecht und dem aktuellen chinesischen Antimonopolgesetz vorgelegt, die durch das gegensätzliche Ergebnis von P3 Network nach den beiden Rechtssystemen belegt wird. Da sich die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Linienschifffahrtsunternehmen hin zum Informationsaustausch verlagert, wird schließlich der zulässige Informationsaustausch zwischen Linienschifffahrtsunternehmen untersucht, sofern in Zukunft keine Ausnahmen mehr zulässig sind. Diese Arbeit beabsichtigt auch, eine Vorhersage für die Interpretation der zukünftigen chinesischen Gesetzgebung zu liefern.
description: Due to the specialty of the shipping industry, the cooperation between liner shipping operators has a long history of exempting from competition rules. As the market structure grows more concentrated, cooperation between liner shipping operators and its impact on the market has attached attention to the area of competition law. This thesis will explore the legal status of liner shipping operator’s cooperation under the EU competition law and Chinese antimonopoly law. It will start with a general brief introduction to the global shipping market, including the benefit of the cooperation and the highly concentrated market structure. Then it will provide an analysis of cooperation between liner shipping operators under the current EU competition law and the current Chinese anti-monopoly law, demonstrated by the opposite result of P3 Network under the two legal systems. Finally, as the cooperation between liner shipping operators shifts towards information exchange, it will explore the permitted information exchange between liner shipping operators, provided no more exemption is allowed in the future. This thesis also intends to provide a prediction for the interpretation of future Chinese legislation.
Normative data and socio-demographic determinants of the dermatology life quality index in a large online sample of the Hungarian population
Creators: name: Beretzky, Z.
name: Rencz, F.
name: Brodszky, V.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Population norms are available for several generic health-related quality of life questionnaires, but rarely for disease- or specialty-specific questionnaires. The aim of our study was to calculate population norms for the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score.. We conducted an online self-completed questionnaire survey on a large sample of the general Hungarian adult population. Respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics and dermatology-related quality of life aspects were recorded. A total of 2,001 participants completed the questionnaire, with the average age of 48.2 (SD = 16.6) years, half of the respondents in our sample (n = 981) reported long-standing health problems. The average DLQI score was 1.9 (SD = 4.0) with women having a higher average (2.0, SD = 3.9) than men (1.8, SD = 4.0; p = <0.001). The DLQI score differed among age-groups with younger people having relatively higher DLQI averages. When the multivariate linear regression model was applied, it showed that young age, lower income and unemployment status were associated with higher DLQI scores, while controlling for the existence of skin disease (p < 0.05). This study established DLQI population norms among the general population, which may provide a reference point in health-policy and financing decision-making.
Initiation and spread of escape waves within animal groups
Creators: name: Herbert-Read, James
name: Buhl, Jerome
name: Hu, Feng
name: Ward, Ashley
name: Sumpter, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The exceptional reactivity of animal collectives to predatory attacks is thought to be due to rapid, but local, transfer of information between group members. These groups turn together in unison and produce escape waves. However, it is not clear how escape waves are created from local interactions, nor is it understood how these patterns are shaped by natural selection. By startling schools of fish with a simulated attack in an experimental arena, we demonstrate that changes in the direction and speed by a small percentage of individuals that detect the danger initiate an escape wave. This escape wave consists of a densely packed band of individuals that causes other school members to change direction. In the majority of cases this wave passes through the entire group. We use a simulation model to demonstrate that this mechanism can, through local interactions alone, produce arbitrarily large escape waves. In the model, when we set the group density to that seen in real fish schools, we find that the risk to the members at the edge of the group is roughly equal to the risk of those within the group. Our experiments and modelling results provide a plausible explanation for how escape waves propagate in Nature without centralised control.
Fractional variation of Hölderian functions
Creators: name: Prodanov, Dimiter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A27

description: The paper demonstrates the basic properties of the local fractional variation operators (termed fractal variation operators). The action of the operators is demonstrated for local characterization of Holderian functions. In particular, it is established that a class of such functions exhibits singular behavior under the action of fractal variation operators in infinitesimal limit. The link between the limit of the fractal variation of a function and its derivative is demonstrated. The paper presents a number of examples, including the calculation of the fractional variation of Cauchy sequences leading to the Dirac's delta-function.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, revised