cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic properties of random matrices and pseudomatrices
Creators: name: Lenczewski, Romuald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L53, 46L54, 15A52

description: We study the asymptotics of sums of matricially free random variables called random pseudomatrices, and we compare it with that of random matrices with block-identical variances. For objects of both types we find the limit joint distributions of blocks and give their Hilbert space realizations, using operators called `matricially free Gaussian operators'. In particular, if the variance matrices are symmetric, the asymptotics of symmetric blocks of random pseudomatrices agrees with that of symmetric random blocks. We also show that blocks of random pseudomatrices are `asymptotically matricially free' whereas the corresponding symmetric random blocks are `asymptotically symmetrically matricially free', where symmetric matricial freeness is obtained from matricial freeness by an operation of symmetrization. Finally, we show that row blocks of square, lower-block-triangular and block-diagonal pseudomatrices are asymptotically free, monotone independent and boolean independent, respectively.
description: 33 pages, 2 figures
title: Substrate Concentration, Calcium Concentration and κ-Casein Hydrolysis in Milk Coagulation
Creators: name: He, Fenjin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1990

description: Milk coagulation consists of four overlapping phases: enzymic hydrolysis, micelle aggregation, gelation and syneresis. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of added CaCl2 on milk coagulation and the relationship between enzymic hydrolysis and micelle aggregation with substrate at different concentrations.
Addition of CaCl2 to milk is widely practiced in industry and in laboratories. This changes calcium concentration, pH and ionic strength. It is impossible to separate these three variables and investigate each one independently.
Addition of low levels of CaCl2 shortens coagulation time and increases curd firming rate. Low levels of CaCl2 also accelerate the enzymic hydrolysis process. Calcium ions increase hydrolysis rate, but this effect is much smaller than that of lowered pH. Increase of ionic strength due to addition of CaCl2 has an adverse effect on enzymic hydrolysis. This dominates at high CaCl2 concentration, and the overall coagulation process slows down. Adding CaCl2 also promotes micelle aggregation. However, aggregation is retarded by high levels of added CaCl2.
Results of this study show that about 90% of the κ-casein is hydrolyzed for diluted milk (1/3) to coagulate. Samples at normal concentration (12 g NDM/100 ml solution) require only 60% conversion of κ-casein to para-κ-casein. Addition of CaCl2 significantly decreases this percentage. This suggests a different aggregation and gelation process in samples containing added CaCl2
When pepstatin A is used to stop enzymic hydrolysis at different times, different degrees of κ-casein conversion are obtained. Micelles aggregate even at very low percentages of hydrolysis. Previous reports have stated that a micelle cannot participate in aggregation until almost all of its κ-caseins have been hydrolyzed.
Volatile loss from melt inclusions in pyroclasts of differing sizes
Creators: name: Lloyd, Alexander Saylor
name: Plank, Terry A.
name: Ruprecht, Philipp P.
name: Hauri, Erik H.
name: Rose, William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: We have investigated the loss of H2O from olivine-hosted melt inclusions (MIs) by designing an experiment using tephra samples that cooled at different rates owing to their different sizes: ash, lapilli, and bomb samples that were deposited on the same day (10/17/74) of the sub-Plinian eruption of Volcán de Fuego in Guatemala. Ion microprobe, laser ablation-ICPMS, and electron probe analyses show that MIs from ash and lapilli record the highest H2O contents, up to 4.4 wt%. On the other hand, MIs from bombs indicate up to 30 % lower H2O contents (loss of ~1 wt% H2O) and 10 % post-entrapment crystallization of olivine. This evidence is consistent with the longer cooling time available for a bomb-sized clast, up to 10 min for a 3–4-cm radius bomb, assuming conductive cooling and the fastest H diffusivities measured in olivine (D~10−9 to 10−10 m2/s). On the other hand, several lines of evidence point to some water loss prior to eruption, during magma ascent and degassing in the conduit. Thus, results point to both slower post-eruptive cooling and slower magma ascent affecting MIs from bombs, leading to H2O loss over the timescale of minutes to hours. The important implication of this study is that a significant portion of the published data on H2O concentrations in olivine-hosted MIs may reflect unrecognized H2O loss via diffusion. This work highlights the importance of reporting clast and MI sizes in order to assess diffusive effects and the potential benefit of using water loss as a chronometer of magma ascent.
Vector interaction, charge neutrality and multiple chiral critical point structures
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhao
name: Kunihiro, Teiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the combined effect of the repulsive vector interaction and the positive electric chemical potential on the chiral phase transition by considering neutral color superconductivity (CSC). The chiral condensate, diquark condensate and quark number densities are solved in both two-flavor and two-plus-one-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio(NJL) models with the so called Kobayashi-Maskawa-'t Hooft term under the charge neutrality constraint. We demonstrate that multiple chiral critical-point structures always exist in the NJL model within the self-consistent mean-field approximation and the number of chiral critical points can vary from zero to four, which is dependent on the magnitudes of vector interaction and the diquark coupling. The difference between the dynamical chemical potentials induced by vector interaction for u and d quarks can effectively reduce the Fermi sphere disparity between the two flavors of diquark paring. Thus the vector interaction works to significantly suppress the unstable region associated with chromomagnetic instability in the phase of neutral asymmetric homogenous CSC.
description: version for Phys. Rev. D
Testing a novel large-N reduction for N=4 super Yang-Mills theory on RxS^3
Creators: name: Ishiki, Goro
name: Kim, Sang-Woo
name: Nishimura, Jun
name: Tsuchiya, Asato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a novel large-N reduction has been proposed as a maximally supersymmetric regularization of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory on RxS^3 in the planar limit. This proposal, if it works, will enable us to study the theory non-perturbatively on a computer, and hence to test the AdS/CFT correspondence analogously to the recent works on the D0-brane system. We provide a nontrivial check of this proposal by performing explicit calculations in the large-N reduced model, which is nothing but the so-called plane wave matrix model, around a particular stable vacuum corresponding to RxS^3. At finite temperature and at weak coupling, we reproduce precisely the deconfinement phase transition in the N=4 super Yang-Mills theory on RxS^3. This phase transition is considered to continue to the strongly coupled regime, where it corresponds to the Hawking-Page transition on the AdS side. We also perform calculations around other stable vacua, and reproduce the phase transition in super Yang-Mills theory on the corresponding curved space-times such as RxS^3/Z_q and RxS^2.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures
Pattern of Mesozoic Thrust Surfaces and Tertiary Normal Faults in the Sevier Desert Subsurface, West-Central Utah
Creators: name: Wills, Stewart
name: Anders, Mark H.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Plate tectonics
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geomorphology

description: Most tectonic models for the Sevier Desert basin, west-central Utah, envision it as the result of large-magnitude, normal-sense slip on a regional detachment fault. That interpretation, based principally on seismic reflection data, has helped shape views on the tectonics of the northeastern Great Basin area and, in a larger sense, the historical development of ideas about low-angle normal faulting. In recent years, however, several researchers have suggested, based on rock-mechanical, field, and subsurface evidence, that the hypothesized detachment fault does not exist and that the basin must have another explanation. Even among proponents of the detachment model, opinion has differed regarding the hypothesized extensional fault’s total displacement, estimates for which vary widely; the timing of detachment slip; and whether the hypothesized fault represents a “new” Tertiary extensional structure or an extensional reactivation of the Mesozoic Pavant thrust. A comprehensive reinterpretation of available subsurface data for the basin, including several previously unpublished seismic profiles, suggests: (1) that slip on the hypothesized detachment must have ceased by the Miocene in the southern Sevier Desert; (2) that estimates of large-magnitude offset on the hypothesized detachment are essentially unconstrained by structural data and need to be reevaluated; and (3) that models that view the hypothesized detachment as a Tertiary extensional reactivation of a Mesozoic thrust are likely incorrect. The newly available seismic data demonstrate that reflections from the Pavant thrust do indeed closely align with reflections from the Paleozoic/Tertiary contact in many parts of the northern Sevier Desert basin; however, to the south these same thrust fault reflections are directly traceable to a position well above the down dip projection of the presumed detachment within the Paleozoic Cricket Mountains block. Erosional truncation of the thrust faults and the absence in the south of other reflections aligned with the Paleozoic/Tertiary contact preclude extensional back-sliding on a Mesozoic thrust fault. These interpretations, if correct, are incompatible with the detachment hypothesis and necessitate alternative explanations for the basin’s origins.
Mechanical properties of dilute zinc - titanium alloys
Creators: name: Waldron, Robert James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Zinc-titanium alloys (0.07-0.6 wt.%Ti.) in the form of compacted powder and chill castings have been extruded at temperatures between 150°C and 350°C. The mechanical properties of these alloys have been studied as a function of temperature, strain rate, grain size and intermetallic (Zn₁₅Ti) distribution. Due to a high value of "k" in the Hall-Petch relationship, maximum strengthening is obtained by a reduction in grain size. However because of an increasing amount of grain boundary shear, this potential is not realized. The operation of dynamic recovery mechanisms at 20°C and higher also results in limitations upon the development of high strength. The use of powder metallurgical techniques gives rise to the formation of intermetallic distributions which inhibit these processes and results in high strength (>60,000 p.s.i.) and low strain rate sensitivity (m ∼ 0.02). The mechanical properties are not a function of initial powder size. The properties obtained using chill castings do not reach these levels due to the difficulty associated with forming a fine second phase on solidification. Such a distribution is required to obtain a small stable grain size during subsequent extrusion. To satisfy compatibility requirements deformation modes other than the two supplied by basal slip must be invoked. High strengths are observed when grain boundary shear and migration are inhibited by the distribution of the second phase or by orientation effects. Under such conditions, non basal slip and basal slip are the operative deformation mechanisms. Significantly lower strengths result if grain boundary shear and basal slip satisfy the conditions necessary for ductile behaviour. The strain rate sensitivity parameter at 20°C lies in the range 0.02-0.07. Varying amounts of grain boundary shear occur, nevertheless deformation is slip controlled. Increased strain rate sensitivities are observed at high temperatures, but failure by cavitation limits ductility. The strain rate sensitivity is not a function of titanium concentration. Under constant fabrication conditions the strength generally increases with increased Zn₁₅Ti content. The thermal stability of the intermetallic distribution prescribes the fabrication conditions which must be used to develop high strength, and the temperature to which the mechanical properties can be retained. The high strength microstructures appear to be stable up to at least 150°C for short periods of time.
Фальсификация истории Великой Отечественной войны как часть информационно-психологической войны Запада против России
Creators: name: Ильичев Антон Владимирович
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Вторая мировая война
русофобия
фальсификация истории
Специальная военная операция
Украина
США
World War II
russophobia
falsification of history
Special military operation
Ukraine
USA

description: Аннотация. Фальсификация истории Второй мировой войны на Западе стала приобретать массовый характер, трансформируя драматичные события XX в. в очередной инструмент политиков. Манипуляции в западной науке по этой теме активно рассматривали такие авторы, как В.П. Столбов, Ю.А. Никифиров, В.Г. Кикнадзе, Е. Яковлев и многие другие. Однако разбор исторических манипуляций в исследованиях различных политических и исторических западных центров, а также в материалах прессы остается не столь широко изученным. При помощи качественного контент анализа были проанализированы материалы ведущих западных центров, затрагивающих события Второй мировой войны в контексте нынешней политики. Анализ выявил, что западные эксперты, при помощи исторических фальсификаций и манипуляций, и ложного сравнительного ряда, занимаются продвижением антироссийской риторики в массовое сознание европейцев.  

Abstract. Falsification of World War II history in the West has become widespread, transforming the dramatic events of XX century into another political tool. Manipulations of that topic in western science actively observed such authors as: A.V. Stolbov, Y.A. Nikiforov, V.G. Kiknadze, E. Yakovlev and the others. However, the historical manipulations in leading political, historical centers and press haven’t been the objects of detailed observe. The materials, affected events World War II in context of contemporary politics by the leading western centers were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Research indicated that western experts are using historical falsification, manipulation and wrong comparative series to promote anti-russian rhetoric in mass European consciousness.
title: Enzyme-Hydrolyzed Retentate for the Development of a Whipped topping Mix
Creators: name: Bond, Shirley Ann
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1991

description: Ultrafiltered skim milk concentrated to 20-22% solids was hydrolyzed with a mixture of proteases from Aspergillus oryzae and an acid protease from Aspergillus niger. The enzyme preparation from A. oryzae did not produce bitterness, so the effects of its hydrolyzing action on the whipping properties of the retentate in liquid and powdered forms were examined. Its effect on the amount of soluble nitrogen in the powder was also determined. After inoculation of 250 ml retentate with .05% w/v enzyme, the samples were held in a 45°C water bath. The samples thickened with increasing hydrolysis until syneresis occurred. They also took on a slightly ropy or slimy appearance after thickening and before syneresis. Hydrolysis was stopped by removing from the 45°C bath and holding in an 80°C bath for 35 minutes.
When cooled to refrigerator temperature, retentate samples produced a stable whip with fine bubbles and firm but soft peaks. Air capacity of whipped samples decreased with increasing hydrolysis time and retentate solids. Stability increased with increasing solids and longer hydrolysis times.
Skim milk retentate to be dried was concentrated to 20-24% solids and reconstituted to 20% before whipping. Hydrolysis time up to 20 minutes before enzyme denaturation did not have an effect on the air capacity of the whipped reconstituted powder. Air capacity decreased as the retentate solids increased. Whip stability increased slightly then decreased with increasing hydrolysis. Whip stability was impaired by protein denaturation in the powder during the drying process.
Soluble nitrogen in the powder, as determined by the Harland-Ashworth procedure, increased with increasing hydrolysis and decreased with increasing solids.
Warm and Dense Molecular Gas in the N159 Region: 12CO J=4-3 and 13CO J=3-2 Observations with NANTEN2 and ASTE
Creators: name: Mizuno, Yoji
name: Kawamura, Akiko
name: Onishi, Toshikazu
name: Minamidani, Tetsuhiro
name: Muller, Erik
name: Yamamoto, Hiroaki
name: Hayakawa, Takahiro
name: Mizuno, Norikazu
name: Mizuno, Akira
name: Stutzki, Jurgen
name: Pineda, Jorge L.
name: Klein, Uli
name: Bertoldi, Frank
name: Koo, Bon-Chul
name: Rubio, Monica
name: Burton, Michael
name: Benz, Arnold
name: Ezawa, Hajime
name: Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki
name: Kohno, Kotaro
name: Hasegawa, Tetsuo
name: Tatematsu, Ken'ichi
name: Ikeda, Masafumi
name: Ott, Jurgen
name: Wong, Tony
name: Hughes, Annie
name: Meixner, Margaret
name: Indebetouw, Remy
name: Gordon, Karl D.
name: Whitney, Barbara
name: Bernard, Jean-Philippe
name: Fukui, Yasuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New 12CO J=4-3 and 13CO J=3-2 observations of the N159 region in the Large Magellanic Cloud have been made. The 12CO J=4-3 distribution is separated into three clumps. These new measurements toward the three clumps are used in coupled calculations of molecular rotational excitation and line radiation transfer, along with other transitions of the 12CO as well as the isotope transitions of 13CO. The temperatures and densities are determined to be ~70-80K and ~3x10^3 cm-3 in N159W and N159E and ~30K and ~1.6x10^3 cm-3 in N159S. These results are compared with the star formation activity. The N159E clump is associated with embedded cluster(s) as observed at 24 micron and the derived high temperature is explained as due to the heating by these sources. The N159E clump is likely responsible for a dark lane in a large HII region by the dust extinction. The N159W clump is associated with embedded clusters mainly toward the eastern edge of the clump only. These clusters show offsets of 20"-40" from the 12CO J=4-3 peak and are probably responsible for heating indicated by the derived high temperature. The N159W clump exhibits no sign of star formation toward the 12CO J=4-3 peak position and its western region. We suggest that the N159W peak represents a pre-star-cluster core of ~105M_sol which deserves further detailed studies. Note that recent star formation took place between N159W and N159E as indicated by several star clusters and HII regions, while the natal molecular gas toward the stars have already been dissipated by the ionization and stellar winds of the OB stars. The N159S clump shows little sign of star formation as is consistent with the lower temperature and somewhat lower density. The N159S clump is also a candidate for future star formation.
Self-organizing fault systems and self-organizing elastodynamic events on them: Geometry and the distribution of sizes of events
Creators: name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Plate tectonics

description: We introduce a new model which both generates a self-organizing complex segmented fault system which then accommodates finite strain, and generates sequences of elastodynamic events on that complex fault system. This opens up a new realm of study of populations of cascading elastodynamic ruptures on complex fault systems. We examine the distribution of sizes of events in the model, and its dependence on fault geometry. We see an evolution from a more Gutenberg-Richter like distribution of events at smaller strains to a more characteristic like distribution at larger strains. We see relative insensitivity of the distribution of sizes of events to the friction used. Examining the distributions of sizes of events on fault segments of different lengths, we find support for a modified segmentation hypothesis whereby segments both break in power law small events and occasionally participate in cascading multisegment larger ruptures, but also predominantly break as a unit.
title: Meat Effects on Nonheme Iron Absorption
Creators: name: Kim, Yunji
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1991

description: Studies were undertaken to investigate if gastric acidity and iron chelation to a meat component enhance nonheme iron absorption. Cereal meals, with and without added proteins, were gavaged into iron-deficient rats. The role of iron chelation was investigated by adding sodium phytate, an iron chelator implicated with decreased iron absorption, to the meals. The role of gastric acidity was investigated by treating the rats with cimetidine, which inhibits gastric acid production. In rats with normal acid production, beef, pork and chicken enhanced iron absorption when phytate had been added to the meals, suggesting a role for chelation in meat enhancement of iron absorption. However, the enhancement by beef and pork was insignificant in cimetidine-treated rats given the cereal + phytate meals, indicating that gastric acid production also plays a role in meat enhancement of iron absorption. Fish and egg white were sometimes inhibitory to iron absorption and, therefore, did not fit the pattern of enhancement demonstrated by beef, pork, and chicken. In a separate experiment, gastric acidity was not directly altered by the protein source included with cereal meals. No significant effects of the various proteins on iron absorption from cereal + phytate meals were observed in a final experiment involving iron-replete rats. In vitro iron solubilizing capacity of beef, pork, chicken, and egg white was positively correlated with enhanced iron absorption by iron-deficient rats.
Studies were performed to 1) investigate if ferric iron bound in complex with iron-solubilizing meat components is absorbable, 2) compare the relative iron-solubilizing capacity of meats, and 3) investigate the physicochemical and compositional characteristics of the meat components responsible for the iron solubilizing capability of meat. Iron-solubilizing components of beef were isolated from pH 2 HCl homogenates into dialysis bags (MWCO, 6-8 K). Radiolabelled iron complexes were then generated using ferric iron and either the ILC (isolated low-molecular-weight components) from undigested beef or ascorbate. The bioavailabilities of radioiron in these complexes or as ferric iron were measured as radioiron absorption into the blood one hour after injection into ligated duodenal loops of rats. Iron absorption values were ascorbate-ferrous complexes > beef ILC-ferric complexes > ferric iron (p < .05). In separate experiments, ILC from 0.1 g of various dietary protein sources (beef, pork, chicken, fish, or egg white) were added to 400 μg ferric iron in pH 2 HCl, the pH raised to 7.2, and soluble iron determined in the supernatant after centrifugation at 2,500 g for 10 min. Iron solubilizing capabilities of ILC were pork > beef > chicken > fish > egg white (p < .05). In a final series of experiments, the compositional and physicochemical characteristics of the ILC from the various dietary proteins were investigated.
title: Effects of Stabilizers and pH Adjustments on Milk Proteins in UHT-Treated Citrus Juice/Skim Milk Blend Drink
Creators: name: Newman, Sandra M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1992

description: A UHT -processed skim milk (85%)/orange juice (15%) drink was developed. Product integrity and stability were maintained by two methods. Proper homogenization of the blend before UHT processing stabilized a drink formulation containing .25% carboxymethyl cellulose and .025% carrageenan. Adjusting the pH of the blend (pH 6.3 and 6.5) resulted in a different stabilization. After 28 days at room temperature, settling of milk solids was 5.2% of volume height in the prehomogenized sample and 86.9% of volume height in the same blend that had not been homogenized prior to UHT processing. After storage, the two treatments were analyzed to verify that there was no perceived textural difference between the pH adjusted and unadjusted blends. A consumer product acceptability evaluation resulted in a split population, and more panelists liked the product than disliked it.
The Phanerozoic Record of Global Sea-Level Change
Creators: name: Miller, Kenneth G.
name: Kominz, Michelle A.
name: Browning, James V.
name: Wright, James D.
name: Mountain, Gregory S.
name: Katz, Miriam E.
name: Sugarman, Peter J.
name: Cramer, Benjamin S.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Pekar, Stephen F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Chemical oceanography
Paleoclimatology
Biogeochemistry

description: We review Phanerozoic sea-level changes [543 million years ago (Ma) to the present] on various time scales and present a new sea-level record for the past 100 million years (My). Long-term sea level peaked at 100 ± 50 meters during the Cretaceous, implying that ocean-crust production rates were much lower than previously inferred. Sea level mirrors oxygen isotope variations, reflecting ice-volume change on the 104- to 106-year scale, but a link between oxygen isotope and sea level on the 107-year scale must be due to temperature changes that we attribute to tectonically controlled carbon dioxide variations. Sea-level change has influenced phytoplankton evolution, ocean chemistry, and the loci of carbonate, organic carbon, and siliciclastic sediment burial. Over the past 100 My, sea-level changes reflect global climate evolution from a time of ephemeral Antarctic ice sheets (100 to 33 Ma), through a time of large ice sheets primarily in Antarctica (33 to 2.5 Ma), to a world with large Antarctic and large, variable Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (2.5 Ma to the present).
Outlook for Charged Higgs Physics
Creators: name: Ellis, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Almost all extensions of the Standard Model predict the existence of charged Higgs bosons. This talk focuses on the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM), which is relatively predictive. The outlook for detecting supersymmetric particles and Higgs bosons at the LHC are discussed, as are the prospects for finding indirect effects of supersymmetric Higgs bosons at low energies, e.g., in K decays. The outlook for discovering observable effects of CP-violating supersymmetric phases at high energies or in B decays is also mentioned.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, uses PoS.cls
Septal lesions and emotionality in the rat
Creators: name: Wexler, Norman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The effects of septal lesions in rats on the hyperglycaemic response to stress, adrenal weight and water intake were investigated. Tested four times post-operatively at approximately weekly intervals, septal rats did not manifest significantly different resting blood glucose levels than control animals nor did they demonstrate an abnormal degree of hyperglycaemia following periods of unavoidable foot shock. No adrenal hypertrophy was evident in septal subjects compared to controls. Daily water intake was significantly higher among septals. The results concerning blood sugar levels and adrenal weights are taken as evidence that septal rage may not represent true hyperemotionality since certain appropriate physiological concomitants are absent. A second experiment investigated resistance to capture and handling and aspects of open field behaviour in septal and control rats following injections of chlorpromazine hydrochloride or saline. Septalectomized rats resisted handling and capture to a greater extent than controls, traversed fewer squares and demonstrated less rears in an open field, and had a greater tendency to leave a home cage and enter an open field. Chlorpromazine affected neither control nor septal subjects except to suppress the tendency of septal rats to leave a home cage and enter an open field. The behaviour of septal rats is discussed in terms of apparent emotionality.
title: Factors Affecting Moisture Distribution in 290-Kilogram Stirred-Curd Cheddar Cheese Blocks
Creators: name: Reinbold, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1991

description: The purpose of this dissertation was to study factors affecting moisture distribution in 290-kilogram stirred-curd Cheddar cheese blocks cooled in stainless steel hoops. Uneven moisture distribution within blocks may create cheese with variable texture and flavor, which can be extremely costly to the producer. The effects of temperature, pH, and vacuum treatment on moisture distribution were investigated. Temperature, pH, moisture, and pressure profiles were presented. Also, comparisons were made between temperature profiles of 290- kilogram stirred-curd Cheddar cheese blocks cooled in stainless steel and in plywood hoops, as well as between temperature profiles of 66-kilogram Swiss cheese blocks cooled in cardboard and in plastic boxes.
Moisture transferred from high to low temperature in the cheese blocks. Moisture may have transferred in response to thermally induced curd moisture-holding capacity gradients in the cheese blocks. Moisture also may have transferred in the cheese blocks by a mechanism similar to thermo-osmosis of liquids in porous solids.
The cheese in the plywood or cardboard insulating materials cooled more uniformly than the cheese in the stainless steel or plastic containers. More uniform cooling of the cheese produced more uniform moisture distribution in the cheese blocks. Recommendations were made to help the cheesemaker produce cheese with even moisture distribution.
title: Chemical Evaluation and Biological Vitamin A Activity of the Major Carotenoids in the Hybrid Carrot Beta III
Creators: name: Schweitzer, Cynthia M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1989

description: Genetically enhanced high-carotene Beta III hybrid carrot was compared to a commercial carrot cultivar, Nantes Careless, for carotene content and macronutrient composition. Beta III contained more than twice the total carotene content of Nantes Careless, with α-carotene/β-carotene ratios higher in Beta III. Total solids from protein, lipids, and carbohydrate were greater in Beta III than in Nantes Careless. Beta III contained about five times the amount of sucrose and one-fifth the amount of glucose and fructose than Nantes Careless or reported literature values.
Comparison of the bioavailability of carotenes in Beta III and Nantes Careless to purified β-carotene and retinyl acetate standards was made using two bioassays: the liver storage, slope-ratio assay and a curative growth study. Beta III provided liver retinol stores equivalent to stores provided by Nantes Careless, β-carotene, and retinyl acetate at dosage 300 RE. At 600 RE, only retinyl acetate increased liver retinol storage with dose. Carotene sources did not increase liver retinol storage, presumably owing to the mechanisms that prevent carotene vitamin A toxicity.
Growth study results indicated vitamin A potency of Beta III was not equivalent to that provided by retinyl acetate. Slopes of the growth response curves for Nantes Careless and β-carotene were not significantly different from retinyl acetate; the slope of the Beta III growth response curve was significantly different. All carotene sources were similar to retinyl acetate in the curvilinear response of the growth curves. The appropriate fit of the quadratic function to the growth response curves suggested 12 RE/d was greater than requirement.
The differences in results of the two bioassays used to determine bioavailability of carotenes in Beta III may be explained by a number of factors. The utilization of β-carotene from Beta III may be affected by a-carotene or other carrot constituents for absorption or conversion to vitamin A, or both. Stored liver retinol may be a combination of retinol and a-retinol with reduced vitamin A activity. The growth assay may be more sensitive to external variables that cannot be controlled.
Remarks on the GNS Representation and the Geometry of Quantum States
Creators: name: Chruscinski, Dariusz
name: Marmo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown how to introduce a geometric description of the algebraic approach to the non-relativistic quantum mechanics. It turns out that the GNS representation provides not only symplectic but also Hermitian realization of a `quantum Poisson algebra'. We discuss alternative Hamiltonian structures emerging out of different GNS representations which provide a natural setting for quantum bi-Hamiltonian systems.
description: 20 pages
Chloroplast microsatellites: measures of genetic diversity and the effect of homoplasy
Creators: name: Navascués, M.
name: Emerson, B. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Chloroplast microsatellites have been widely used in population genetic studies of conifers in recent years. However, their haplotype configurations suggest that they could have high levels of homoplasy, thus limiting the power of these molecular markers. A coalescent-based computer simulation was used to explore the influence of homoplasy on measures of genetic diversity based on chloroplast microsatellites. The conditions of the simulation were defined to fit isolated populations originating from the colonization of one single haplotype into an area left available after a glacial retreat. Simulated data were compared with empirical data available from the literature for a species of Pinus that has expanded north after the Last Glacial Maximum. In the evaluation of genetic diversity, homoplasy was found to have little influence on Nei's unbiased haplotype diversity (H(E)) while Goldstein's genetic distance estimates (D2sh) were much more affected. The effect of the number of chloroplast microsatellite loci for evaluation of genetic diversity is also discussed.
Radio Variability in Seyfert Nuclei
Creators: name: Mundell, C. G.
name: Ferruit, P.
name: Nagar, N.
name: Wilson, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comparison of 8.4-GHz radio images of a sample of 11 early-type Seyfert galaxies with previous observations reveals possible variation in the nuclear radio flux density in 5 of them over a 7-yr period. We find no correlation between radio variability and nuclear radio luminosity or Seyfert nuclear type, although the sample is small and dominated by type 2 Seyferts. Instead, a possible correlation between the presence of nuclear radio variability and the absence of ~100-pc-scale radio emission is seen. NGC2110 is the only source with significant extended radio structure and strong nuclear variability (>38% nuclear decline over seven years). Our results suggest that all Seyferts may exhibit variation in their nuclear radio flux density at 8.4 GHz, but that variability is more easily recognised in compact sources in which emission from the variable nucleus is not diluted by unresolved, constant flux density radio-jet emission within the central ~50 pc. If flares in radio light curves correspond to ejection of new relativistic components or emergence of shocks in the underlying flow, we suggest that radio jets may be intrinsically non-relativistic during quiescence, but that Seyferts, as black-hole driven AGN, have the capacity to accelerate relativistic jets during radio flares. Taken together with the increased detection rate of flat spectrum radio nuclei in Seyferts imaged at VLBI resolutions and the detection of variable water megamaser emission, our results support the paradigm of intermittent periods of quiescence and nuclear outburst across the Seyfert population. (Abridged).
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal; 15 pages, 7 figures and 3 tables
Globular Cluster Formation Within The Aquarius Simulation
Creators: name: Griffen, B. F.
name: Drinkwater, M. J.
name: Thomas, P. A.
name: Helly, J. C.
name: Pimbblet, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Aquarius project is the first simulation that can resolve the full mass range of potential globular cluster formation sites. With a particle mass $m_\mathrm{p}=1.4 \times 10^4$\Msun, Aquarius yields more than 100 million particles within the virial radius of the central halo which has a mass of $1.8 \times 10^{12}$\Msun, similar to that of the Milky Way. With this particle mass, dark matter concentrations (haloes) as small as 10$^6$ M$_\odot$ will contain a minimum of 100 particles.Here, we use this simulation to test a model of metal-poor globular cluster formation based on collapse physics. In our model, globular clusters form when the virial temperatures of haloes first exceed $10^4$ K as this is when electronic transitions allow the gas to cool efficiently. We calculate the ionising flux from the stars in these first clusters and stop the formation of new clusters when all the baryonic gas of the galaxy is ionised. This is achieved by adopting reasonable values for the star formation efficiencies and escape fraction of ionising photons. The model is successful in that it predicts ages (peak age $\sim$ 13.3 Gyrs) and a spatial distribution of metal-poor globular clusters which are consistent with the observed populations in the Milky Way. We then test a scenario of metal-rich cluster formation by examining mergers that trigger star formation within central gas disks. This results in younger ($\sim$ 7--13.3 Gyrs), more centrally-located clusters (40 metal-rich GCs within 18 kpc from the centre of the host) which are consistent with the Galactic metal-rich population. We test an alternate model in which metal-rich globular clusters form in dwarf galaxies that become stripped as they merge with the main halo. We find that this process is inconsistent with observed metal-rich globulars.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Isolated horizons, p-form matter fields, topology and the black-hole/string correspondence principle
Creators: name: Liko, Tomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mechanics of D-dimensional isolated horizons (IHs) for Einstein gravity in the presence of arbitrary p-form matter fields. This generalizes the analysis of Copsey and Horowitz to non-stationary spacetimes and therefore the local first law to include non-monopolar (dipole) charges. The only requirement for the local first law to hold is that the action has to be differentiable. The resulting conserved charges are all intrinsic to the horizon and are independent of the topology of the horizon cross sections. We explicitly calculate the local charges for five-dimensional black holes and black rings that are relevant within the context of superstring theory. We conclude with some comments on the black-hole/string correspondence principle and argue that IHs (or some other quasilocal variant) should play a fundamental role in superstring theory.
description: 11 pages; v2: figure added; references added; v3: introduction shortened; to appear in Physical Review D; v4: typos corrected
Slow Cooling of an Ising Ferromagnet
Creators: name: Krapivsky, P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A ferromagnetic Ising chain which is endowed with a single-spin-flip Glauber dynamics is investigated. For an arbitrary annealing protocol, we derive an exact integral equation for the domain wall density. This integral equation admits an asymptotic solution in the limit of extremely slow cooling. For instance, we extract an asymptotic of the density of domain walls at the end of the cooling procedure when the temperature vanishes. Slow annealing is usually studied using a Kibble-Zurek argument; in our setting, this argument leads to approximate predictions which are in good agreement with exact asymptotics.
description: 6 pages
title: Proteolytic Activity of Some Milk-Clotting Enzymes on K-casein and K-casein Macropeptide
Creators: name: Shammet, Khalid M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1989

description: This work reviews studies of bovine K-casein and specifically K-casein macropeptide. Properties of K-casein, its structure and heterogeneity, proteolytic activity of some milk clotting enzymes on K-casein, and K-casein sensitive bonds are discussed. Macropeptides of other species are also presented. The carbohydrate moieties of bovine macropeptide together with their biological and physiological functions are reviewed.
Macropeptides were produced by enzymic hydrolysis from whole casein solution using crystalline chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4). Trichloroacetic acid (final concentrations 2, 8 and 12%) was added after 5, 30 and 60 min of incubation to precipitate protein and inactivate the enzyme. The filtrate was then exhaustively dialyzed against distilled water to remove trichloroacetic acid and small molecules. The dialyzate was lyophilized and stored at -20deg;c until required for analysis. These macropeptides were then compared using RP-HPLC with macropeptides obtained from purified K-casein isolates by the same method (15 min incubation).
Proteolytic activity of some milk-clotting enzymes (chymosin, Mucor miehei rennet and Endothia parasitica rennet) and some proteinases (trypsin and chymotrypsin) on K-casein and macropeptide isolated from K-casein was followed by RP-HPLC. The milk-clotting enzymes were standardized to the same clotting activity using a Formagraph.
Each enzyme was incubated with .5 mix-casein and macropeptide solutions (10 mg in 1 ml .05 MpH 6.6 phosphate buffer) at 37°C for various incubation times. Reactions were stopped by addition .5 ml of 8 Murea containing 10-5 Mpepstatin or .025 ml pepstatin (1 mg pepstatin in 1 ml methanol). These reaction mixtures were separated into fractions using RP-HPLC and chromatograms of the different enzymes compared.
Comments on Holographic Fermi Surfaces
Creators: name: Shieh, Hsien-Hang
name: van Anders, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a mechanism for the development of a fermi surface in a holographic model of large N QCD with a baryon chemical potential was proposed. We examine similar constructions to determine when this mechanism persists. We find a class of models in which it does.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. v2: 18 pages, improved presentation, expanded discussion, minor corrections, references added
Megascolecidae Rosa 1891
Creators: name: Ferreira, Talita
name: Santos, Alessandra
name: Demetrio, Wilian C.
name: Cardoso, Guilherme B. X.
name: Moraes, Rafael
name: Assis, Orlando
name: Niva, Cintia
name: Smokanit, Manoela
name: Knópik, Juliane
name: Sautter, Klaus D.
name: Brown, George G.
name: Bartz, Marie L. C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Haplotaxida
Megascolecidae

description: Megascolecidae, juveniles  COFMBRPR0927, 1 juvenile, surface horizon (0–20 cm) of Ferralsols and Cambisols with grass lawn in Barreirinha Park, Curitiba-PR (25°21'36.83"S 49°15'46.58"W), November 2013, M.L.C. Bartz, J. Knopik, K. Sautter and G.B.X. Cardoso, colls. COFMBRPR0928, 1 juvenile, surface horizon (0–20 cm) of a Technosol under secondary forest in Tingui Park, Curitiba-PR (25°23'27.24"S 49°18'25.86"W), June 2014, M.L.C. Bartz, K. Sautter and G.B.X. Cardoso, colls. COFMBRPR0929, 3 juveniles, surface horizon (0–20 cm) of Ferralsols and Cambisols of a secondary forest in Barreirinha Park, Curitiba-PR (25°21'38.18"S 49°15'33.23"W), June 2014, M.L.C. Bartz, K. Sautter and G.B.X. Cardoso, colls. COFMBRPR0930, 5 juveniles, surface horizon (0–20 cm) of a Ferralsols and Cambisols secondary forest in Passaúna Park, Curitiba-PR (25°28'36.41"S 49°22'39.71"W), November 2013, M.L.C. Bartz, J. Knopik, K. Sautter and G.B.X. Cardoso, colls.
description: Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Santos, Alessandra, Demetrio, Wilian C., Cardoso, Guilherme B. X., Moraes, Rafael, Assis, Orlando, Niva, Cintia, Smokanit, Manoela, Knópik, Juliane, Sautter, Klaus D., Brown, George G. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2018, Earthworm species in public parks in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, pp. 535-547 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on page 542, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.41, http://zenodo.org/record/1447019
Long-term Stability of Non-thermal X-ray Modulation in the Gamma-ray Binary LS 5039
Creators: name: Kishishita, Tetsuichi
name: Tanaka, Takaaki
name: Uchiyama, Yasunobu
name: Takahashi, Tadayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on long-term stability of X-ray modulation apparently synchronized with an orbital period of 3.9 days in the gamma-ray binary LS 5039. Recent observations with the Suzaku satellite in the year 2007, which covered continuously more than one orbital period, have provided us with detailed characterization of X-ray flux and spectral shape as a function of orbital phase. Motivated by the results from Suzaku, we have re-analyzed the X-ray data obtained with ASCA, XMM-Newton, and Chandra between 1999 and 2005, to investigate long-term behavior of LS 5039 in the X-ray band. We found that the modulation curves in 1999--2007 are surprisingly stable. Even fine structures in the light curves such as spikes and dips are found to be quite similar from one orbit to another. The spectral characteristics observed in the past are consistent with those seen with Suzaku for some orbital phase segments. We suggest that magneto-hydrodynamical collisions between the relativistic outflow from a compact object and the stellar wind from the O star explain the clock-like non-thermal X-ray emission over eight years through remarkably stable production of high-energy particles near the binary system.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted in ApJ Letters