cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparative expression patterns of CHD7, TBX1, FOXG1b (BF1), DLX5 and FGF10 during human craniofacial development
Creators: name: Sanlaville, Damien
name: Etchevers, Heather
name: Clément-Ziza, Mathieu
name: Goudefroye, Géraldine
name: Audollent, Sophie
name: Detrait, Eric
name: Attié-Bitach, Tania
name: Vekemans, Michel
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: The CHARGE syndrome describes a particular association of embryonic malformations including ocular coloboma, heart disease, choanal atresia, retarded growth and/or anomalies of the central nervous system, genito-urinary defects and/or hypogonadism, and ear anomalies and/or deafness. Other major clinical criteria have also been described such as semicircular canal hypoplasia and arhinencephaly. The etiology of this syndrome was unknown until CHD7 was identified as responsible for over half of CHARGE cases when mutated. In the meantime, we had undertaken a candidate gene approach, comparing the expression patterns of the transcription factors TBX1 (known for its role in the overlapping DiGeorge syndrome), FOXG1b/BF1, DLX5 and the pleiotropic growth factor FGF10.

The three transcription factors are members of gene families with highly conserved DNA-binding domains, for which these and other members have been shown to increase functional specificity via protein-protein interactions. FGF10 is a known transcriptional target of TBX1 in the mouse, believed to mediate the latter’s effect on the developing heart outflow tract. CHD7 belongs to a large family of proteins thought to play a role in chromatin organization through their conserved “chromodomain”.

In order to see if these gene transcripts colocalized with each other or with CHD7 during early human craniofacial development, we examined their spatiotemporal expression patterns in normal human embryos obtained from voluntary interruptions of pregnancy, in accordance with French law and our ethics committee recommendations. We chose sections between Carnegie stages (C)8 and C19, or 19 to 47 days after conception, to examine important windows of embryogenesis for the establishment of the anlage of the central nervous system, the heart and craniofacial and auditory structures in particular.

The expression patterns of TBX1, FOXG1b, DLX5 and FGF10 are compatible with each being a direct or indirect effector target of CHD7 activity, in particular since FGF10 is one known transcriptional target of TBX1. CHD7 is widely expressed in undifferentiated neuroepithelium and mesenchyme of both neural crest and mesodermal origin, and continues to be expressed toward the end of the first trimester in dorsal root ganglia, cranial nerves and ganglia, auditory and nasal tissues and the neural retina. The patterns of CHD7 and the other genes tested cover the wide variety of body tissues affected in CHARGE syndrome.
Fractionalisation and dynamics of anyons at $ν=n+1/3$ in fractional quantum Hall effect and their experimental signatures
Creators: name: Trung, Ha Quang
name: Yang, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the low-lying excitations at filling factor $ν=n+1/3$ with realistic interactions are contained completely within the well-defined Hilbert space of "Gaffnian quasiholes". Each Laughlin quasihole can thus be understood as a bound state of two Gaffnian quasiholes, which in the lowest Landau level (LLL) behaves like "partons" with "asymptotic freedom" mediated by neutral excitations acting as "gluons". Near the experimentally observed nematic FQH phase in higher LLs, quasiholes become weakly bounded and fractionalise with rich dynamical properties. By studying the effective interactions between quasiholes, we predict a finite temperature phase transition of the Laughlin quasiholes even when the Laughlin ground state remains incompressible, and derive relevant experimental conditions for its possible observations.
description: 4+ pages, 4 figures. Comments welcome
Precision Astrometry, Galactic Mergers, Halo Substructure and Local Dark Matter
Creators: name: Majewski, Steven R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concordance Cold Dark Matter model for the formation of structure in the Universe, while remarkably successful at describing observations on large scales, has a number of problems on galaxy scales. The Milky Way and its satellite system provide a key laboratory for exploring dark matter (DM) in this regime, but some of the most definitive tests of local DM await microarcsecond astrometry, such as will be delivered by the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM Planetquest). I discuss several tests of Galactic DM enabled by future microarcsecond astrometry.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of IAU Symposium 248 "A Giant Step: from Milli- to Micro-arcsecond Astrometry
Security, Conflict, and Reintegration in Mozambique: Case Studies of Land Access in the Postwar Period
Creators: name: Myers, Gregory W.
name: Eliseu, Julieta
name: Nhachungue, Erasmo
name: Myers, Gregory W.
name: Eliseu, Julieta
name: Nhachungue, Erasmo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: In October 1992, the Peace Accord was signed in Mozambique. Many positive changes have taken place since then. and the countryside in postwar Mozambique is in a state of intense transformation. Nevertheless, the government has been largely silent on the issue of land tenure reform, while some of the recommendations regarding land-policy reform that have been proposed are simplistic, uninformed, and fail to reflect the present political reality in Mozambique. This report shows the need to initiate a comprehensive discussion on land policy reform, natural resource management, and decentralized control over resources. The discussion must address fundamental questions about what types of land rights will exist or, more specifically, what types of property rights will be permitted; who will have the power to distribute land rights; and how and by whom land disputes will be settled. At the heart of these questions lie profound issues relating to the role and nature of the state and other political institutions, the relationships of these institutions with the citizens, and the form and nature of governance in Mozambique. In this report we will raise several concerns with regard to land that we hope will help policymakers in Mozambique define the parameters of this discussion.
LAND MARKETS AND LEGAL CONTRADICTIONS IN THE PERI-URBAN AREA OF ACCRA GHANA: INFORMANT INTERVIEWS AND SECONDARY DATA INVESTIGATIONS
Creators: name: Kasanga, R. Kasim
name: Cochrane, Jeffrey A.
name: King, Rudith
name: Roth, Michael J.
name: Kasanga, R. Kasim
name: Cochrane, Jeffrey A.
name: King, Rudith
name: Roth, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land tenure -- Ghana -- Accra Region
subject: Land tenure -- Law and legislation - -Ghana
subject: Land use, urban -- Ghana -- Accra Region
subject: Real property -- Ghana -- Accra Region
subject: Land reform -- Law and legislation -- Ghana
subject: Land markets -- Ghana
subject: Land tenure, urban -- Ghana
subject: Land administration -- Law and legislation -- Ghana
subject: Tenure types, Traditional -- Ghana
subject: Research methods

description: The peri-urban area of Accra is experiencing a rapid transformation. A robust urban and agricultural land market has emerged, characterized by purchases, rapidly rising real land prices, and outsiders from Accra acquiring agricultural holdings for residential and commercial use. The fact that residences are being built, commercial firms are being established, and large firms are acquiring land for commercial interests attests to the ability of the customary system to enable transfers for productive activity. Nevertheless, limited or uncertain property rights increase investment costs and differential access to information in the land market affects equity. This paper seeks to better understand: (a) the land market in peri-urban Accra, (b) the process by which land held by indigenous communities is transferred to outsiders enabling the conversion of unoccupied or agricultural land into residential or commercial uses, and (c) the contradictions and frictions that exist at the interface of land transfers under customary and statutory systems. It further seeks to examine the possibility that uncertain property rights and high litigation costs are constraining commercial and agricultural investment, and to identify the economic and social factors that determine levels of premiums associated with transactions, and the duration of the customary allocation.
Report No. 2 on a Test Road for the Evaluation of Sandstone as an Aggregate in Plant-Mix Bituminous Pavements
Creators: name: Williams, Ellis G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1953
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report which presents results from additional study of the Sandstone Test Road located on S.R. 30 in Magoffin and Breathitt Counties, is a supplement to Report No. 1 dated April, 1952. The project consisted of a laboratory investigation and construction of a 20-mile test road, with all the original work carried out over a period from early 1950 to November 1951.  Details concerning both laboratory and field work are contained in Report No. 1 and need not be discussed here. However, to keep the general objectives of the study clear, they are restated as follows:      To develop comprehensive information concerning the nature and character of sandstone throughout Eastern Kentucky.     To establish standards for crushed sandstone as a bituminous paving aggregate.     To establish design criteria for sandstone-bituminous mixtures.     To examine the feasibility of utilizing full crusher output.     To establish construction standards and practices commensurate with the processing and handling characteristics of the stones and paving mixes.  Specifications, based on results of the original study in 1950 and 1951 were prepared, and in 1952 more than 40 miles of sandstone pavements were constructed under contract. When the original study was concluded, it was realized that the value of specifications, as well as the value of other results, was contingent upon the ultimate performance of the paving mixtures in the Test Road. Hence, final evaluation was dependent upon a series of pavement condition surveys with supplemental tests on samples of the pavement. This report is concerned with three of the surveys in this series, and with tests on cores taken from the road.  With the exception of data pertaining to types of failures, most of which are directly attributed to base and drainage conditions, nothing in the report is considered conclusive at this stage. Rather, the report constitutes a record of performance and a part of the information from which conclusions will ultimately be drawn.
Classification of Pulsars using Extreme Deconvolution
Creators: name: Ch., Tarun Tej Reddy
name: Desai, Shantanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out a classification of the observed pulsar dataset into distinct clusters, based on the $P-\dot{P}$ diagram, using Extreme Deconvolution based Gaussian Mixture Model. We then use the Bayesian Information Criterion to select the optimum number of clusters. We find in accord with previous works, that the pulsar dataset can be optimally classified into six clusters, with two for the millisecond pulsar population, and four for the ordinary pulsar population. Beyond that, however we do not glean any additional insight into the pulsar population based on this classification. Using numerical experiments, we confirm that Extreme Deconvolution-based classification is less sensitive to variations in the dataset compared to ordinary Gaussian Mixture Models. All our analysis codes used for this work have been made publicly available.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Added a comparison to GMM and also carried out simulations to test the robustness of XDGMM
POPULAR PARTICIPATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES: LESSONS FROM BABAN RAFI, NIGER
Creators: name: Elbow, Kent M.
name: Elbow, Kent M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper is divided into six chapters. The first introduces the central issue under investigation: the hypothesized relation between devolution of authority over natural resources and the sustainable exploitation of those resources. This chapter also provides a discussion of the research methodology employed in the course of the investigation. Chapters 2 and 3 constitute a unit compiling a broad composite of social and (to a lesser degree) physical traits relevant to locally prevailing resource exploitation practices and patterns. Thus chapter 2 consists of a detailed physical and social profile of the site of Baban Rafi, while chapter 3 focuses on past and present resource use and tenure systems. Chapters 4 and 5 address the broad institutional issues that, it is argued, will substantially determine the potential for success of policies based on devolution of forest resource use and management rights. Such issues include present and past legislation and policy, the nature and strength of state structures, state-civil society relations, social structures and organization, intercultural relations, and markets. Chapter 4 describes the institutional and policy environment from a national perspective, while chapter 5 investigates the composition and impact of institutions at the site of Baban Rafi. Chapter 6 summarizes the findings and states the conclusions of the study. This chapter comments especially on policy issues and warns of the potential dangers inherent in the uncritical translation of theory into policy.
Investigating the effect of spatial patterns of artificial impervious surface on PM2.5 at the intra-urban scale
Creators: name: Fan, Zhiyu
name: Zhan, Qingming
name: Wang, Yun
name: Shao, Zhenfeng
name: Fan, Yuli
name: Zhang, Yifeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Artificial impervious surface, as the hallmark of urbanization, contributes to urban development but simultaneously leads to urban PM2.5 pollution. However, how artificial impervious surface affected PM2.5 at the intra-urban scale was rarely investigated. By using remote-sensing techniques to derive PM2.5 concentrations and dividing urban areas into two categories with different urban development situation (areas with drastic expansion of artificial impervious surface (DEA) and areas with slight or no changes of artificial impervious surface (SNCA)), we provided a new perspective for investigating the effects of spatial patterns of artificial impervious surface on PM2.5. First, based on multi-source predictors, a two-staged XGBoost model was adopted to derive PM2.5 concentrations. Then, after delineating DEA and SNCA based on the variations of artificial impervious surface and selecting indicators, the overall and local effects of spatial patterns of artificial impervious surface were respectively explored by Original Least Square regression (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). The results demonstrated that, compared with in SNCA, population and economic development contributed to higher levels of PM2.5 concentrations in DEA. Additionally, in DEA, high PM2.5 concentrations tended to occur in areas with artificial impervious surfaces exhibiting high coverage, complex shape, and uncompact distribution. In SNCA, among all landscape spatial patterns, the effect of artificial impervious surface coverage was the strongest. Spatially, artificial impervious surface coverage and economic development had much more significant impacts on PM2.5 than other indicators. Among these two indicators, the exacerbating effect of artificial impervious surface coverage on PM2.5 pollution was more pronounced in SNCA, while economic development notably brought high PM2.5 concentrations in the suburban districts of DEA. In general, the framework proposed in this study advanced the understanding of the effects of artificial impervious surface on PM2.5 and the findings are valuable for the mitigation of PM2.5 pollution at the intra-urban scale.
Early chemical enrichment of the universe and the role of very massive pop III stars
Creators: name: Matteucci, F.
name: Calura, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the role of very massive pop III stars in the chemical enrichment of the early universe is discussed. We first compare our predictions with the abundance ratios measured in the high redshift Lyman-alpha forest to check whether they are compatible with the values predicted by assuming that the early universe was enriched by massive pop III stars. We conclude that to explain the observed C/Si ratio in the intergalactic medium, a contribution from pop II stars to carbon enrichment is necessary, already at redshift z=5. We then evaluate the number of Pair-Instability Supernovae (SN_(gamma gamma)) required to enrich the universe to the critical metallicity Z_cr, i.e. the metallicity value which causes the transition from a very massive star regime (m > 100 M_sun) to a lower mass regime, similar to the one characteristic of the present time (m < 100 M_sun). It is found that between 110 and 115 SN_(gamma gamma) are sufficient to chemically enrich a cubic megaparsec of the intergalactic medium at high redshift for a variety of initial mass functions. The number of ionizing photons provided by these SN_(gamma gamma) and also by the pop III stars ending as black holes was computed and we conclude that there are not enough photons to reionize the universe, being down by at least a factor of ~ 3. Finally, we calculate the abundance ratios generated by pop III stars and compare it with the ones observed in low metallicity Damped Lyman-alpha systems (DLAs). We suggest that pop III stars alone cannot be responsible for the abundance ratios in these objects and that intermediate mass pop II stars must have played an important role especially in enriching DLAs in nitrogen.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, MNRAS, accepted for publication - typos corrected
Floquet engineering flat bands for bosonic fractional quantum Hall in small lattices
Creators: name: Ge, Rongchun
name: Kolodrubetz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quest to realize novel phases of matter with topological order is an important pursuit with implications for strongly correlated physics and quantum information. Utilizing ideas from state-of-the-art coherent control of artificial quantum systems such as superconducting circuits, we present a proposal to realize bosonic fractional quantum Hall physics on small lattices by creating nearly flat topological bands using staggered flux patterns. Fingerprints of fractionalization through charge pumping can be observed with nearly perfect quantization using as few as 24 lattice sites (two photons). We suggest an implementation using a finite lattice of superconducting qubits with cylindrical connectivity on both triangular and square lattices.
description: 4 figures (updated)
Land Tenure, Agrarian Structure, and Comparative Land Use Efficiency in Zimbabwe: Options for Land Tenure Reform and Land Redistribution
Creators: name: Roth, Michael J.
name: Bruce, John W.
name: Roth, Michael J.
name: Bruce, John W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Zimbabwe reached a crucial crossroads in its land reform with the expiration of the Lancaster House Constitution in April 1990, which opened the door for policy debate on alternative land-redistribution options. Proponents of the land reform have aggressively called for an expansion of the resettlement program to help redress the unequal distribution of land resources and to rectify acute land scarcity in communal areas. Opponents of rapid and substantial land reform have emphasized the superior efficiency of the commercial farming sector and the adverse consequences that a substantially expanded resettlement sector would have on agricultural output and the balance of trade. Many key questions lie at the heart of the land policy debate. First, what tenure arrangements might best serve farmers in the different sectors-communal, commercial, and resettlement-and how might they be instituted to provide equitable access, secure tenure, and flexibility in the face of changing economic conditions? Second, what legal framework ought to be instituted to facilitate the movement of land between farmers and enterprises within the system and what outcomes would be expected in terms of the distribution of agricultural landholdings among individuals and groups in society? Third, how would the process of land reform influence output, trade, and income distribution? Specifically, should land reform continue, and if so, what form should it take? What is the comparative efficiency of production in the commercial and communal sectors, and what gains or losses might be anticipated from resettlement? What legislative, institutional, and market reforms are needed to complement resettlement and to resolve the problems of land resource degradation in communal areas? These and other questions serve to focus this study.
Economic exchanges in a stratified society: End of the middle class?
Creators: name: Laguna, M. F.
name: Gusman, S. Risau
name: Iglesias, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study the effect of the social stratification on the wealth distribution on a system of interacting economic agents that are constrained to interact only within their own economic class. The economical mobility of the agents is related to its success in exchange transactions. Different wealth distributions are obtained as a function of the width of the economic class. We find a range of widths in which the society is divided in two classes separated by a deep gap that prevents further exchange between poor and rich agents. As a consequence, the middle wealth class is eliminated. The high values of the Gini indices obtained in these cases indicate a highly unequal society. On the other hand, lower and higher widths induce lower Gini indices and a fairer wealth distribution.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, to appear in Physica A
Legal Uncertainty and Land Disputes in the Peri-Urban Areas of Mozambique: Land Markets in Transition
Creators: name: Boucher, Stephen R.
name: Francisco, Antonio
name: Rose, Laurel L.
name: Roth, Michael J.
name: Zaqueu, Fernanda
name: Boucher, Stephen R.
name: Francisco, Antonio
name: Rose, Laurel L.
name: Roth, Michael J.
name: Zaqueu, Fernanda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: The Government of Mozambique is considering legal changes in its land law and administration of state leasehold property-an enormous challenge given its past socialist history and the uncertainties created by its current transition to a private market economy. The present research sought to identify dispute causes and de facto processes of dispute resolution as one basis for gauging inadequacies in the current law and system of state land administration.
Revealing multi-scale spatial synergy of mega-city region from a human mobility perspective
Creators: name: Fang, Bichen
name: Li, Mingxiao
name: Huang, Zhengdong
name: Yue, Yang
name: Tu, Wei
name: Guo, Renzhong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Spatial synergy is strengthened integration and connection between cities in a mega-city region, transcending administrative boundaries. The central flow theory suggests that the mega-city regions are formed by the interconnected flows of people across cities, making the spatial synergy can be measured by assessing the aggregation and intensity of flows and interactions between cities and regions. Human mobility data, such as mobile phone data and social media check-ins, enable the tracking of human movements, thus facilitating the transition of central flow theory from theoretical constructs to empirical research. To this end, this study presents an alternative data-driven framework to reveal the multi-scale spatial synergy of mega-city regions from a human mobility perspective. It uncovers homogeneously spatial communities with high inter-city integration using community detection. Strong internal spatial connections of 2.13 billion mobility are filtered using network backbone extraction. An experiment in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China, demonstrates a multi-scale and multi-core hierarchical spatial synergy in the PRD region. The detailed findings are as follows: (1) Three cities attract the majority of human mobility. Mobility distance is short in urban centers and long in suburban areas. (2) The spatial integration pattern shows the detected communities reveal the hierarchical integration pattern with three main integrated regions: Guangzhou-Foshan-Zhaoqing, Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou, and Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen. (3) The spatial connection pattern illustrates the close ties of 9 cities and three core cities, including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Foshan. These results provide a human-centric understanding of urban synergy and deeper insights into central flow theory, which supports cooperative development in mega-city regions.
Excitation and Entanglement Transfer Versus Spectral Gap
Creators: name: Hartmann, Michael J.
name: Reuter, Moritz E.
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quantum many body systems as quantum channels and study the relation between the transfer quality and the size of the spectral gap between the system's ground and excited states. In our setup two ancillas are weakly coupled to the quantum many body system at different sites, and we study the propagation of an excitation and quantum information from one ancilla to the other. We observe two different scenarios: a slow, but perfect transfer if the gap large and a fast, but un-complete transfer otherwise. We provide a numerical and analytical approach as well as a simplified physical model explaining our findings. Our results relate the potential of spin chains acting as quantum channels to the concept of quantum phase transitions and offer a different approach to the characterisation of these.
description: title changed, figures added
ISR physics at BABAR
Creators: name: Druzhinin, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a review of BaBar results on e+e- annihilations into exclusive hadronic final states using the initial state radiation technique. Cross sections over the sqrt{s} range from threshold to 4.5 GeV, with very small point-to-point systematic errors, are presented for the 3pi, 2(pi+ pi-), 3(pi+ pi-), 2(pi+ pi-)2pi0, K+ K- pi+ pi-, 2(K+ K-) and p anti-p final states. The proton form factor and the ratio of its electric and magnetic components are also presented.
description: 5 pages, 11 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of the 12th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics (Moscow State University, Moscow, 25 - 31 August 2005)
Surviving opinions in Sznajd models on complex networks
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Francisco A.
name: Costa, Luciano da F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sznajd model has been largely applied to simulate many sociophysical phenomena. In this paper we applied the Sznajd model with more than two opinions on three different network topologies and observed the evolution of surviving opinions after many interactions among the nodes. As result, we obtained a scaling law which depends of the network size and the number of possible opinions. We also observed that this scaling law is not the same for all network topologies, being quite similar between scale-free networks and Sznajd networks but different for random networks.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
LAND TENURE AND FOOD SECURITY: A REVIEW OF CONCEPTS, EVIDENCE, AND METHODS
Creators: name: Maxwell, Daniel G.
name: Wiebe, Keith D.
name: Maxwell, Daniel G.
name: Wiebe, Keith D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Agriculture--Economic aspects--Research
subject: Food supply--Research
subject: Land research--Methodology
subject: Land tenure--Research

description: This paper attempts to build on a conceptual analysis of both land tenure and food security to set various links in a dynamic framework that captures both the effects of access to resources on food security and the effects of food security on access to and use of resources. This framework is used to examine a range of issues arising in empirical research and to discuss their implications for future research related to land policy and food policy. The paper first reviews the conceptual literature on both land tenure and food security and suggests a new conceptual framework that incorporates the dynamic linkages between the two. Second, it reviews the existing empirical literature to raise for discussion a number of issues that mediate suggested linkages and briefly examine a limited number of cases of empirical research in which such linkages have been investigated. Finally, the paper discusses the implication of findings presented here for both land and food policy and for future empirical research. Methodological problems which result from seeking to examine empirical linkages between two very dynamic and fluid conceptual domains are considered in an appendix.
FROM RECONSTRUCTION TO DECONSTRUCTION: UNDERMINING BLACK LANDOWNERSHIP, POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE, AND COMMUNITY THROUGH PARTITION SALES OF TENANCIES IN COMMON
Creators: name: Mitchell, Thomas W.
name: Mitchell, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Afro-Americans -- Land tenure
subject: Joint tenancy -- United States
subject: Partition -- United States
subject: Afro-American farmers -- Government policy -- United States
subject: Agrarian structure -- United States
subject: Common property -- United States

description: The pattern of landownership in the rural African American community represents the mirror opposite of the trend in black land acquisition 100 years ago at the dawn of the twentieth century. Remarkable levels of acquisition have been replaced by extraordinary levels of land loss in the past half-century or so. Today, African American farm owner-operators on little more than 2 million acres of land in the United States. Land loss in rural African American communities far exceeds farmland lost by white farmers. Even American Indian landowners-a group whose current land base represents but a fraction of its ancestral landholdings-have fared better than rural African American landowners over the past 50 to 60 years. This paper focuses on one of the primary causes of involuntary black land loss in recent times-partition sales of black-owned land held under tenancies in common. Our society has a clear moral obligation to reverse the processes that have stripped black landowners of their land. This paper advocates government intervention to promote enhanced landownership-both quantitatively and qualitatively-for African Americans. This paper maintains that the problem of fractionated heir property within the rural, African American community justifies more fundamental reform of common property law and the creation of government institutions that would have the capacity to help those who own heir property restructure their ownership in a way that the ownership could be stabilized and the property could be used productively.
Bijections between pattern-avoiding fillings of Young diagrams
Creators: name: Josuat-Vergès, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The pattern-avoiding fillings of Young diagrams we study arose from Postnikov's work on positive Grassman cells. They are called Le-diagrams, and are in bijection with decorated permutations. Other closely-related diagrams are interpreted as acyclic orientations of some bipartite graphs. The definition of the diagrams is the same but the avoided patterns are different. We give here bijections proving that the number of pattern-avoiding filling of a Young diagram is the same, for these two different sets of patterns. The result was obtained by Postnikov via a reccurence relation. This relation was extended by Spiridonov to obtain more general results about other patterns and other polyominoes than Young diagrams, and we show that our bijections also extend to more general polyominoes.
description: 15 pages Version 2: important simplification and generalization of the original bijection Version 3: small correction in references Version 4: rewritten and submitted
Agro-Exports and the Rural Resource Poor in Latin America: Policy Options for Achieving Broadly Based Growth
Creators: name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Mesbah, Dina
name: Stanley, Denise
name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Mesbah, Dina
name: Stanley, Denise
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
International Relations/Trade

description: Concentrating on fundamental sector-level impacts that shape the nature of agro-export growth, this paper indicates how intrahousehold impacts fit into the analysis. Section 1 is introductory. Section 2 puts forward the conceptual framework needed to understand sectoral impacts of agro-export growth on the rural resource poor, impacts that can be divided into a small-farm adoption effect, a land-access effect, and a labor-absorption effect, all of which are interlinked. Section 3 explores the economic forces that shape the magnitude of the direct (adoption and land access) and indirect (labor absorption) effects of agro-export growth. Its chief message is that the agronomic and economic characteristics of agro-export crops interact with the intrinsic imperfections of rural factor markets to create farm-size biases-biases that are frequently tilted against small farm production. Section 4 summarizes the coordinated empirical, farm-level research on agro-export booms in Chile, Guatemala, and Paraguay. Section 5 analyzes the range of policy available to foment broadly based growth. In order of increasing policy activism, policies are divided into those that (1) get prices and institutions "right," (2) pick winners for public investment, (3) reform land markets, and (4) reform information-constrained markets. Section 5 argues that capital and insurance market reforms will almost always be necessary if agro-export growth is to be broadly based. Section 6 closes the paper with a brief reflection on the desirability of promoting broadly based growth: Is pursuit of broadly based growth worth it given the likely complexity of the recommended factor market interventions? While this is a highly complex and value-laden question, section 6 suggests perspectives from both the U.S. domestic and low-income country policy contexts that make broadly based growth a goal worth pursuing.
Scaling solutions in scalar-tensor cosmologies
Creators: name: Pettorino, Valeria
name: Baccigalupi, Carlo
name: Perrotta, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of a connection between dark energy and gravity through a direct coupling in the Lagrangian of the underlying theory has acquired an increasing interest due to the recently discovered capability of the extended quintessence model to encompass the fine-tuning problem of the cosmological constant. The gravity induced "R-boost" mechanism is indeed responsible for an early, enhanced scalar field dynamics, by virtue of which the residual imprint of a wide set of initial field values is cancelled out. The initial conditions problem is particularly relevant, as the most recent observations indicate that the dark energy equation of state approaches, at the present time, the cosmological constant value, wDE = -1; if confirmed, such observational evidence would cancel the advantage of a standard, minimally coupled scalar field as a Dark Energy candidate instead of the cosmological constant, because of the huge fine tuning it would require. We give here a general classification of the scalar-tensor gravity theories admitting R-boost solutions scaling as a power of the cosmological redshift, outlining those behaving as an attractor for the quintessence field. In particular, we show that all the R-boost solutions with the dark energy density scaling as the relativistic matter or shallower represent attractors. This analysis is exhaustive as for the classification of the couplings which admit R-boost and the subsequent enlargement of the basin of attraction enclosing the initial scalar field values.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, published on JCAP
THE CONTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH TO U.S. SOYBEAN YIELDS
Creators: name: Miner, Alan G.
name: Miner, Alan G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1983
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This study addresses several questions: (1) is a soybean yield limit being reached?, (2) what is the rate of return to soybean research, and is the research effect stable over time?, (3) are technology spill-overs between states important?, (4) do input and output price fluctuations affect soybean yields?, (5) what types of weather affect soybean yields?
Empirical Analysis of Online Mode of Learning v/s Offline Mode of Learning
Creators: name: Kumar, Chetan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of online mode of instruction (webinar) vis-à-vis offline mode of instruction (seminar) and the possible policy implications therein. This Study has been conducted by using the primary data collected from 253 scholars ranging from students to professors through questionnaire. Various factors were taken into consideration for investigation based on review of literature. The results throw light on why scholars favour one mode of learning over the other. This study has repercussions on policy implications concerning effectiveness of distance education involving intergenerational age differences on learning outcome and experience.
On counting cuspidal automorphic representations for $\mathrm{GSp}(4)$
Creators: name: Roy, Manami
name: Schmidt, Ralf
name: Yi, Shaoyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F46, 11F70

description: We find the number $s_k(p,Ω)$ of cuspidal automorphic representations of $\mathrm{GSp}(4,\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}})$ with trivial central character such that the archimedean component is a holomorphic discrete series representation of weight $k\ge 3$, and the non-archimedean component at $p$ is an Iwahori-spherical representation of type $Ω$ and unramified otherwise. Using the automorphic Plancherel density theorem, we show how a limit version of our formula for $s_k(p,Ω)$ generalizes to the vector-valued case and a finite number of ramified places.
description: Some minor changes are made. To appear in Forum Mathematicum
Assessing urban renewal opportunities by combining 3D building information and geographic big data
Creators: name: Zhao, Xin
name: Xia, Nan
name: Li, ManChun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The assessment of urban renewal (UR) potential aims to prioritize areas for UR, which are essential for sustainable urban revitalization. However, conventional data sources often fall short in encompassing diverse urban characteristics in the evaluation process, such as urban three-dimensional (3D) building information and the intensity of human activities. To address this gap, this study integrated 3D building data and geographic data to create a comprehensive set of 28 indicators spanning four dimensions: natural environmental conditions, land use, socio-economic factors, and building conditions. These indicators take into account vertical dimensions, dynamic aspects, and fine-scale details. Leveraging the existing UR practices as a positive example, we established an UR potential assessment model at street block scale using Presence and Background Learning combined with extreme gradient boosting algorithms (PBLXGBoost). Our findings revealed that the highest accuracy in evaluating industrial UR potential was achieved in Shenzhen (Fpb_avg = 0.80, RMSEavg = 0.21), followed by residential and commercial UR potential assessments. Conversely, other type UR exhibit lower accuracy. Street blocks with significant UR potential are predominantly located in Bao’an, Longgang, and Longhua Districts. Furthermore, employing the SHAP model to elucidate the evaluation results uncovered intricate hierarchical, positive-negative, and overlapping relationships among various factors and different UR types, where geographic big data and 3D building information showed strong correlations. The methodology proposed in this study enables objective and precise assessments of UR potential, offering valuable support for UR practice and sustainable urban development.
Electronic, Mechanical, and Piezoelectric Properties of ZnO Nanowires
Creators: name: Xiang, H. J.
name: Yang, Jinlong
name: Hou, J. G.
name: Zhu, Qingshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hexagonal [0001] nonpassivated ZnO nanowires are studied with density functional calculations. The band gap and Young's modulus in nanowires which are larger than those in bulk ZnO increase along with the decrease of the radius of nanowires. We find ZnO nanowires have larger effective piezoelectric constant than bulk ZnO due to their free boundary. In addition, the effective piezoelectric constant in small ZnO nanowires doesn't depend monotonously on the radius due to two competitive effects: elongation of the nanowires and increase of the ratio of surface atoms.
Infinite pseudo-conformal symmetries of classical $T \bar T$, $J \bar T $ and $J T_a$ - deformed CFTs
Creators: name: Guica, Monica
name: Monten, Ruben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that $T \bar T, J \bar T$ and $J T_a$ - deformed classical CFTs possess an infinite set of symmetries that take the form of a field-dependent generalization of two-dimensional conformal transformations. If, in addition, the seed CFTs possess an affine $U(1)$ symmetry, we show that it also survives in the deformed theories, again in a field-dependent form. These symmetries can be understood as the infinitely-extended conformal and $U(1)$ symmetries of the underlying two-dimensional CFT, seen through the prism of the "dynamical coordinates" that characterise each of these deformations. We also compute the Poisson bracket algebra of the associated conserved charges, using the Hamiltonian formalism. In the case of the $J \bar T$ and $J T_a$ deformations, we find two copies of a functional Witt - Kac-Moody algebra. In the case of the $T \bar T$ deformation, we show that it is also possible to obtain two commuting copies of the Witt algebra.
description: 28 + 12 pages, added some corrections and clarifications
Carbon uptake strategies in the western boreal forest region of Canada : economic considerations
Creators: name: Stennes, Brad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Land use change and forest management strategies for carbon (C) uptake are investigated for the boreal forest of Northeastern British Columbia. Deterministic cost-of-mitigation analysis indicates that afforestation does offer some potential for low cost C uptake. However, alternatives within the existing forest base are shown to be high cost and very limited in scope. These strategies include increasing the rotation length, changing the species, age and quality of harvests and more intensive planting. The uncertainty which plagues the climate change problem cannot be ignored. Strategies to meet C uptake and other objectives using traditional multiple scenarios are compared to one that applies fuzzy measures to uncertainties in timber yield, C targets and policy targets. The case study shows that the arbitrary choice of uncertain parameters, often done when employing multiple scenarios, is not appropriate and thus these uncertainties must be modelled explicitly.
title: A Bank Gravel Base Containing Calcium Chloride
title: [Report No. 1]
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Drake, William B.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report is concerned with a bank gravel base construction project, and particularly with that part of the base containing calcium chloride as a stabilizing agent. The project was carried out on a relocation of U.S. 62, between Kuttawa in Lyon County and Kentucky Dam on the Tennessee River. A part of the project, as shown on the general location map in Fig. 1, was in Livingston County between the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers.