cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Report on the General Enumerative Surveys-I
Creators: name: Brooks, Emerson M.
name: Brooks, Emerson M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1949
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Statisticians are constantly trying to make their methods more precise, not only because of their scientific interest but also to meet the ever-increasing load which modern society throws upon statistical measurement. A notable contribution has been made over the last dozen years by means of the adaptation of probability sampling, along with the interview-type schedule, to agriculture and the development of the so-called master sample materials through the cooperative efforts of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, the Bureau of the Census, and the Statistical Laboratory of Iowa State College. Ironically enough, the Bureau of Agricultural Economics has not been able to make very wide use of these new methods since the added precision means added cost. We were able, however, to arrange for two general Nation-wide enumerative surveys, both covering items which could not readily be obtained by mailed inquiry. The field work for the first of these was carried forward in January 1947 and for the second in April 1948. The scheduled items were arrived at through Bureau-wide discussion, and the surveys were jointly financed from economic research and agricultural estimates funds, with costs divided between the two on the basis of the number and character of questions asked. In addition, the second survey carried a section on marketing channels and transportation methods financed from an allotment under the Research and Marketing Act. An article based on these data is carried in this issue of the journal. Questions are raised from time to time, and properly so, as to what was done and the results obtained. This is the first of two articles designed to answer such questions. That is, the Division of Special Farm Statistics has been asked for a report written in the form of two related articles, the first describing and to some extent evaluating the mechanics of developing and carrying forward the surveys and the second dealing with the data themselves, how they are being used or where they are published. It should be understood that these articles are not designed either as an outline as to how to carry forward an enumerative survey or as a discussion of the merits or demerits of the enumerative versus other statistical methods. Some light should be thrown on both of these questions, however, by an actual examination of how the surveys were run, of their costs, and the results obtained. In conclusion, attention is called to one final factor: No attempt is made to evaluate the experience gained, especially by those actually in charge of survey operations, in the States and in Washington. But certainly, the Bureau statisticians are now much better qualified to do enumerative survey work and to discuss plans for the future, including the task immediately ahead of advising on the Census of Agriculture for 1950.-0. V. Wells
Automatic bottleneck detection and scaling in virtual time
Creators: name: Nair, Reena
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: This thesis addresses two aspects of parallel software performance engineering. The first concerns the automatic detection of bottlenecks in parallel Linux applications. We present GAPP, a profiler which identifies serialization bottlenecks by tracing context-switch events in the OS kernel. GAPP is extremely lightweight, requires no program instrumentation and works for a variety of serialization bottlenecks. GAPP has been evaluated using the Parsec3.0 benchmark suite and two large open-source projects: MySQL and Nektar++. The experiments show that GAPP is able to detect a wide range of performance issues, for example arising from synchronization primitives, busy-wait loops, memory operations, thread imbalance and resource contention. It is also able to pinpoint the exact lines of code in the application that correspond to the bottleneck. The second relates to bottleneck optimization. What performance gain can be expected if the bottleneck code, or any hardware resource associated with that code, were to be optimised? To support this type of ‘what-if’ experimentation, we present VIRBS, which simulates the effect of optimizing a particular section of code, by pausing other threads, whenever that code is executed – a form of virtual-time scaling, where real-time and virtual-time progress at different rates. The idea is similar to that used in the Coz framework [CB15]. Whilst Coz is samplebased, VIRBS works by statically instrumenting scaled functions to insert delays precisely whenever the bottleneck code is executed, and this can substantially reduce the time taken to conduct a ‘what-if’ experiment. In developing VIRBS, the objective has been to build and evaluate a prototype implementation that exhibits Coz-like capabilities, but with reduced overall cost. Experiments with VIRBS has exposed two weaknesses in Coz’s present implementation, one of which relates to inter-thread synchronization, and which is shared by the prototype implementation of VIRBS. These are described in detail and some potential solutions presented as part of future work.
SuperWIMP dark matter scenario in light of WMAP
Creators: name: Wang, Fei
name: Yang, Jin Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heavy gravitinos in minimal supergravity (mSUGRA) models couple gravitionally and can naturally be the Superweakly Interacting Massive Particle (SuperWIMP). As plausible candidates for the cold dark matter in the universe, such gravitino SuperWIMPs can naturally evade the current dark matter detection experiments due to their superweak couplings. However, this scenario must subject to the constraints from the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) predictions for light element abundances as well as the Wilkinson Mircrowave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data for the relic density. Our study shows that requiring BBN predictions to agree with the WMAP data of light element abundances can impose upper and lower mass bounds for both the gravitino and the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP). From a scan over the mSUGRA parameter space subjected to the BBN constraints and the WMAP data, we find that in the neutralino NLSP case, the low tan-beta (< 40) region as well as the region accessible at CERN Large Hadron Colldier (LHC) will be severely restrained.
description: discussions and refs added (version to appear in EPJC)
Analytic Study of Nonperturbative Solutions in Open String Field Theory
Creators: name: Bars, I.
name: Kishimoto, I.
name: Matsuo, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an analytic framework to study the nonperturbative solutions of Witten's open string field theory. The method is based on the Moyal star formulation where the kinetic term can be split into two parts. The first one describes the spectrum of two identical half strings which are independent from each other. The second one, which we call midpoint correction, shifts the half string spectrum to that of the standard open string. We show that the nonlinear equation of motion of string field theory is exactly solvable at zeroth order in the midpoint correction. An infinite number of solutions are classified in terms of projection operators. Among them, there exists only one stable solution which is identical to the standard butterfly state. We include the effect of the midpoint correction around each exact zeroth order solution as a perturbation expansion which can be formally summed to the complete exact solution.
description: 29 pages
Fixed and Variable Elements in the Calculation of Machine Depreciation
Creators: name: Scoville, Orlin J.
name: Scoville, Orlin J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1949
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: Knowledge of the influence of depreciation on the costs of machinery usage is required for such decisions as custom hire vs. ownership of machines and timely replacement. Here, the author is developing a technique for estimating the joint effects of the fixed and variable elements on depreciation.
Blockchain-based Application Security Risks: A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Iqbal, Mubashar
name: Matulevicius, Raimundas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although the blockchain-based applications are considered to be less vulnerable due to the nature of the distributed ledger, they did not become the silver bullet with respect to securing the information against different security risks. In this paper, we present a literature review on the security risks that can be mitigated by introducing the blockchain technology, and on the security risks that are identified in the blockchain-based applications. In addition, we highlight the application and technology domains where these security risks are observed. The results of this study could be seen as a preliminary checklist of security risks when implementing blockchain-based applications.
description: 12 pages, 7 tables, 0 figures
Cinachyrella solis Sim-Smith & Hickman & Kelly 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Sim-Smith, Carina
name: Hickman, Cleveland
name: Kelly, Michelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Tetractinellida
Tetillidae
Cinachyrella
Cinachyrella solis

description: Cinachyrella solis sp. nov.
(Fig. 17)
 Material examined. Holotype — MCCDRS9476, Darwin’s Arch, 1.672° N, 91.991° W, 20.4 m, 14 Nov 2003.
 Type locality. Darwin’s Arch, Darwin Island.
 Habitat and distribution. Only known from type locality. Found growing on rock; 20 m.
 Description. Globular sponge, 30 mm in diameter, with a furry, hispid surface and numerous scattered, sometimes quite large porocalices. Much sandy debris and filamentous red algae are present on the surface. Colour in life is golden yellow, colour in ethanol is tan (Fig. 17A). Texture is very firm, not compressible.
 Skeleton. Radial, dense bundles of oxeas radiate out from the centre of the sponge to protrude beyond the surface of the sponge. No ectosomal layer is present (Fig. 17B). Oxeas are the most common megasclere. Protriaenes are common, particularly protriaene/prodiaenes II, positioned with their cladomes just below the surface of the sponge. (Fig. 17C). Anatriaenes are rare. Sigmaspires are abundantly scattered throughout the choanosome.
 Spicules. Megascleres— oxeas, large and stout, 3165 (2113–4095) × 25 (17–33) µm (n = 20) (Fig. 17H). Protriaene I, 4208 (3056–4905) µm long (n = 6), with a variable shaped cladome; cladome width 40 (25–76) µm (n = 15) (Fig. 17E). Protriaene/prodiaenes II, with an extremely fine shaft, 1408 (1177–1970) µm long (n = 10), and a small, narrow U-shaped cladome with two or three clads; cladome width 12 (7–19) µm (n = 20) (Fig. 17F–G). Anatriaenes, very long with an extremely slender shaft making it extremely difficult to obtain whole spicules, up to 6700 µm long, with a narrow, flat cladome 53 (24–88) µm (n = 20) (Fig. 17D). Microscleres— sigmaspires, 10 (7–14) µm (n = 20) (Fig. 17I).
 Etymology. Named for the sun-shaped golden orb of this species (Latin = ‘of the sun’).
 Remarks. Only one species of Cinachyrella has been previously described from the Galápagos Islands — C. desqueyrouxae Van Soest & Hooper, 2020, which differs from C. solis sp. nov. in that the former possesses orthotriaenes, plagiotriaenes and microxeas, but no protriaenes.
  Genus Craniella Schmidt, 1870
 Diagnosis. Tetillidae without porocalices, with a distinct cortex strengthened by special cortical oxeas. Globular sponges with conulose but optically smooth surface over most of the upper body; at the base there are bundles of spicules acting as a root. Oscules few, usually on top. Megascleres, protriaenes, anatriaenes, choanosomal oxeas, shorter cortical oxeas. Microscleres, sigmaspires (may be lost not infrequently) (from Van Soest & Rützler 2002).
description: Published as part of Sim-Smith, Carina, Hickman, Cleveland & Kelly, Michelle, 2021, New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5012 (1) on pages 37-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5012.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5158062
Influence of surface plasmon polaritons on laser energy absorption and structuring of surfaces
Creators: name: Terekhin, P. N.
name: Benhayoun, O.
name: Weber, S. T.
name: Ivanov, D. S.
name: Garcia, M. E.
name: Rethfeld, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accurate calculation of laser energy absorption during femto- or picosecond laser pulse experiments is very important for the description of the formation of periodic surface structures. On a rough material surface, a crack or a step edge, ultrashort laser pulses can excite surface plasmon polaritons (SPP), i.e. surface plasmons coupled to a laser-electromagnetic wave. The interference of such plasmon wave and the incoming pulse leads to a periodic modulation of the deposited laser energy on the surface of the sample. In the present work, within the frames of a Two Temperature Model we propose the analytical form of the source term, which takes into account SPP excited at a step edge of a dielectric-metal interface upon irradiation of an ultrashort laser pulse at normal incidence. The influence of the laser pulse parameters on energy absorption is quantified for the example of gold. This result can be used for nanophotonic applications and for the theoretical investigation of the evolution of electronic and lattice temperatures and, therefore, of the formation of surfaces with predestined properties under controlled conditions.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Profit, Productivity and Price Performance Changes in The English and Welsh Water and Sewerage Companies
Creators: name: Maziotis, Alexandros
name: Saal, David S.
name: Thanassoulis, Emmanuel
name: Maziotis, Alexandros
name: Saal, David S.
name: Thanassoulis, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Profit Decomposition
subject: Productivity
subject: Price Performance
subject: Panel Index Numbers
subject: Regulation
subject: Water and Sewerage Industry

description: The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of regulation in the financial performance of the Water and Sewerage companies (WaSCs) in England and Wales. We apply a panel index approach across WaSCs over time to decompose unit-specific (temporal) index number based profitability growth as a function of the profitability, productivity and price performance growth achieved by benchmark firms, and the catch-up to the benchmark firm achieved by less productive firms. The results indicated that the steady decline in average price performance, gains in productivity and relatively stable economic profitability after 2000, suggest that Ofwat is now more focused on passing productivity benefits to consumers, and maintaining stable profitability than it was in earlier regulatory periods. This technique is of great interest for regulators to evaluate the effectiveness of regulation and companies to identify the determinants of profit change and improve future performance, even if sample sizes are limited.
Hymerhabdiidae Morrow, Picton, Erpenbeck, Boury-Esnault, Maggs & Allcock 2012
Creators: name: Sim-Smith, Carina
name: Hickman, Cleveland
name: Kelly, Michelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Agelasida
Hymerhabdiidae

description: Family Hymerhabdiidae Morrow, Picton, Erpenbeck, Boury-Esnault, Maggs & Allcock, 2012    Genus Prosuberites Topsent, 1893
 Diagnosis. Thinly encrusting sponges with hispid surface. Skeleton consisting of a single layer, or loose tracts of long tylostyles oriented perpendicularly to the substrate, basal spicules have their heads embedded in a basal plate of spongin. Spicules are tylostyles of variable size, but no distinctly localised size categories (modified from Van Soest 2002b).
description: Published as part of Sim-Smith, Carina, Hickman, Cleveland & Kelly, Michelle, 2021, New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands, pp. 1-71 in Zootaxa 5012 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5012.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5158062
Screening of Weight-Loss Herbal Products for Synthetic Anti-Obesity Adulterants: A Target-Oriented Analysis by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Creators: name: P. Girish
name: M. Jayanthi
name: B. Gitanjali
name: S. Manikandan
name: S. Rajan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The medical and social impact of being overweight, as well as the difficulty in making long-term changes in diet, physical activity, and pitfalls associated with allopathic management, lure obese individuals to over-the-counter weight-loss herbal products (WHPs). However, the safety of herbals is questionable, as reports from all over the world suggest adulteration with synthetic weight loss agents. Objective: The present study was carried out to develop a rapid and sensitive method to screen potential weight loss adulterants in WHPs. Methodology: We procured 33 licensed brands of WHPs that are available in Puducherry (India) and through web stores. Drug-free spiked herbal matrices were used for internal proficiency testing. Spiked herbal matrices and samples were extracted and centrifuged. The supernatant was collected and subjected to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Isocratic elution was carried out by the mobile phase of methanol: 0.1% v/v formic acid (70%:30% v/v) through a C18 column. Analytes were monitored in electrospray ionization positive and negative modes, and an multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan was used. Results: Run time was 12 min. Intra- and inter-day precision was < 15% and recoveries were in the range of 99% to 115%. Limit of quantification (LOQ) of the analytes were in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 ng/ml. Conclusion: We developed a sensitive and rapid validated method for the detection of potential adulterants in WHPs. None of the WHPs analyzed were found to contain adulterants. The proposed method will be useful for routine monitoring. WHPs analyzed in this study were not adulterated indicating that WHPs from licensed sources are reliable.
MOESM1 of Social prescribing for people with mental health needs living in disadvantaged communities: the Life Rooms model
Creators: name: Shaima Hassan
name: Giebel, Clarissa
name: Esmaeil Morasae
name: Rotheram, Clare
name: Mathieson, Virginia
name: Ward, Daniel
name: Reynolds, Vicky
name: Price, Alan
name: Bristow, Katie
name: Kullu, Cecil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Focus group topic guide.
Are vertical cosmic rays the most suitable to radio detection ?
Creators: name: Gousset, T.
name: Ravel, O.
name: Roy, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electric field induced by extensive air showers generated by high energy cosmic rays is considered and, more specifically, its dependence on the shower incident angle. It is shown that for distances between the shower axis and the observation point larger than a few hundred meters, non-vertical showers produce larger fields than vertical ones. This may open up new prospects since, to some extent, the consideration of non-vertical showers modifies the scope of the radio-detection domain.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Output Quality and Sources of Profit Change in the English and Welsh Water and Sewerage Companies
Creators: name: Maziotis, Alexandros
name: Saal, David S.
name: Thanassoulis, Emmanuel
name: Maziotis, Alexandros
name: Saal, David S.
name: Thanassoulis, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Profit Decomposition
subject: Productivity
subject: Index Numbers
subject: DEA
subject: Regulation
subject: Water and Sewerage Industry

description: This paper investigates the determinants of profit change over the period 1991-2008 for the Water and Sewerage Companies (WaSCs) in the English and Welsh water and sewerage industry. We firstly apply an input oriented profit decomposition approach following the approach of De Witte & Saal (2010). Then, we make allowances for differences in the quality of output, by decomposing the output effect into high quality and low quality output effect. We decompose profit changes into various factors such as quantity and price effect, technical change, efficiency change, resource mix, product mix and scale effect, without and after controlling for quality. In both cases, the positive impact on profit changes came from substantial improvements in technical change, the cost efficient allocation of resources by substituting labour with capital and small improvements in efficiency gains. The input price and scale effect had a significant negative impact on profit changes. This technique is of great interest for regulators to evaluate the effectiveness of regulation and companies to identify the determinants of profit change and improve future performance, even if sample sizes are limited.
Quantum Programming with Inductive Datatypes: Causality and Affine Type Theory
Creators: name: Péchoux, Romain
name: Perdrix, Simon
name: Rennela, Mathys
name: Zamdzhiev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inductive datatypes in programming languages allow users to define useful data structures such as natural numbers, lists, trees, and others. In this paper we show how inductive datatypes may be added to the quantum programming language QPL. We construct a sound categorical model for the language and by doing so we provide the first detailed semantic treatment of user-defined inductive datatypes in quantum programming. We also show our denotational interpretation is invariant with respect to big-step reduction, thereby establishing another novel result for quantum programming. Compared to classical programming, this property is considerably more difficult to prove and we demonstrate its usefulness by showing how it immediately implies computational adequacy at all types. To further cement our results, our semantics is entirely based on a physically natural model of von Neumann algebras, which are mathematical structures used by physicists to study quantum mechanics.
Meine Herren! ich bin bekannt durch meine 7 Bände der Geschichte der Hohenstaufen; ich habe selbst ge Raumer e Zeit in Italien gelebt, eine Trennung Süd- von Nordtyrol ist unmöglich, und rufe ich deshalb den Europäischen Mächten zu! La garde meurt, mais eile ne se rend pas.; [1848]
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform der Veröffentlichungsangabe: Lith Anst v Ed Gust May in Frankfurt aM
title: “Islamization of the Occident”
title: Fear of Islam as a Mobilizing Force of the European New Right
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Diefenbach, Aletta
name: Scheve, Christian Von
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: political emotions
subject: fear
subject: religion
subject: migration
subject: right-wing populism
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Recent research has investigated the emotional underpinnings of support for populist New Right parties and movements. Some of these works focus on the supply-side of New Right support, emphasizing specific political styles and discourses, whereas others emphasize the demand-side, highlighting cultural, economic, and emotional factors. Lacking from this research, in particular for the European context, is an understanding of how supporters of the New Right experience and make sense of pertinent cleavages with regards to emotions. The present study sets out to acquire a more detailed understanding of the emotional narratives and experiences of supporters of New Right parties and movements, in particular with regard to fear and religious cleavages. Using group interviews with supporters of New Right parties and movements in Germany, we show that narratives involving fear pertain to the idea of a valued collective “We” that consists of political and cultural elements and serves as a reference point to collective identity and an antidote to existential insecurities. Further, this collective “We” is perceived to be threatened by cultural differences and changing majority-minority relations with respect to five domains of social life: demography, the liberal democratic order, public majority culture, security, and welfare.
guenardg/pMEM-archive: Making Predictions Using Spatial Eigenvector Maps -- Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Guillaume Guénard
name: Legendre, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Predictive Moran's Eigenvector Map

The source code found in this archive is meant to be executed in the
R environment.

Package pMEM, which calculates the pMEM, is not yet available on the CRAN and needs to be installed in order to execute the source code. It contains C/C++ source code and needs an R environment with package Rcpp installed and thus also requires a functional compilation toolchain. The packages declares an other dependency: sf, which
is usually installed automatically. Other packages and software may be needed to succesfully compile the Rmarkdown files on other systems than the ones on which the paper has been written (Ubuntu Linux and MacOS X).

For simulation, PostgreSQL (and, possibly, ssh) server access is needed for remote data base connection. Information on how to setup this service is beyond the scope of these instructions. Running simulations take many days on a set of computers running multiple thread per machine.

Contents

Analysis (folder)
: contains the three R scripts (profile, simulation, and example) and auxiliary
code (pMEM-aux.R)

Data (folder)
: contains the input/output data for the R scripts

Image (folder)
: contains the images from the R scripts

Supplementary (folder)
: contains the material for compiling the appendices

pMEM_0.1.tar.gz
: R package pMEM source code, it has to be installed in order to run the R
scripts
Using Bayesian Estimation and Decision Theory to Determine the Optimal Level of Nitrogen in Cotton
Creators: name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Bayesian
subject: cotton
subject: lint yield
subject: nitrogen
subject: Oklahoma
subject: stochastic plateau

description: Improved software now makes Bayesian estimation a strong alternative to nonlinear maximum likelihood. Bayesian methods were used to estimate a linear response stochastic plateau for cotton and were shown to provide estimates similar to maximum likelihood. Optimal levels of nitrogen were lower than recommended levels.
68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT-based radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiotherapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer
Creators: name: Kalinauskaite, Goda
name: Senger, Carolin
name: Kluge, Anne
name: Furth, Christian
name: Kufeld, Markus
name: Tinhofer, Ingeborg
name: Budach, Volker
name: Beck, Marcus
name: Hochreiter, Alexandra
name: Grün, Arne
name: Stromberger, Carmen
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dose Fractionation, Radiation
subject: Membrane Glycoproteins
subject: Neoplasm Metastasis
subject: Organometallic Compounds
subject: Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
subject: Radiopharmaceuticals
subject: Retrospective Studies
subject: Robotic Surgical Procedures
subject: Survival Analysis
subject: Treatment Outcome
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the standard therapy for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC). Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT)-based stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is emerging as an alternative option to postpone starting ADT and its associated side effects including the development of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to determine progression free-survival (PFS) and treatment failure free-survival (TFFS) after PSMA-PET/CT-based SBRT in OMPC patients. The efficacy and safety of single fraction radiosurgery (SFRS) and ADT delay were investigated. Methods: Patients with ≤ 5 metastases from OMPC, with/without ADT treated with PSMA-PET/CT-based SBRT were retrospectively analyzed. PFS and TFFS were primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints were local control (LC), overall survival (OS) and ADT-free survival (ADTFS). Results: Fifty patients with a total of 75 metastases detected by PSMA-PET/CT were analyzed. At the time of SBRT, 70% of patients were castration-sensitive. Overall, 80% of metastases were treated with SFRS (median dose 20 Gy, range: 16-25). After median follow-up of 34 months (range: 5-70) median PFS and TFFS were 12 months (range: 2-63) and 14 months (range: 2-70), respectively. Thirty-two (64%) patients had repeat oligometastatic disease. Twenty-four (48%) patients with progression underwent second SBRT course. Two-year LC after SFRS was 96%. Grade 1 and 2 toxicity occurred in 3 (6%) and 1 (2%) patients, respectively. ADTFS and OS rates at 2-years were 60.5% and 100%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, TFFS significantly improved in patients with time to first metastasis (TTM) >36 months (p = 0.01) and PSA before SBRT ≤ 1 ng/ml (p = 0.03). Conclusion: For patients with OMPC, SBRT might be used as an alternative to ADT. This way, the start/escalation of palliative ADT and its side effects can be deferred. Metastases treated with PSMA-PET/CT-based SFRS reached excellent LC with minimal toxicity. Low PSA levels and longer TTM predict elongated TFFS.
I-Love-Q Relations for Realistic White Dwarfs
Creators: name: Taylor, Andrew
name: Yagi, Kent
name: Arras, Phil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The space-borne gravitational wave interferometer, LISA, is expected to detect signals from numerous binary white dwarfs. At small orbital separation, rapid rotation and large tidal bulges may allow for the stellar internal structure to be probed through such observations. Finite-size effects are encoded in quantities like the moment of inertia ($I$), tidal Love number (Love), and quadrupole moment ($Q$). The universal relations among them (I-Love-Q relations) can be used to reduce the number of parameters in the gravitational-wave templates. We here study I-Love-Q relations for more realistic white dwarf models than used in previous studies. In particular, we extend previous works by including (i) differential rotation and (ii) internal temperature profiles taken from detailed stellar evolution calculations. We use the publicly available stellar evolution code MESA to generate cooling models of both low- and high-mass white dwarfs. We show that differential rotation causes the I-Q relation (and similarly the Love-Q relation) to deviate from that of constant rotation. We also find that the introduction of finite temperatures causes the white dwarf to move along the zero-temperature mass sequence of I-Q values, moving towards values that suggest a lower mass. We further find that after only a few Myrs, high-mass white dwarfs are well-described by the zero-temperature model, suggesting that the relations with zero-temperature may be good enough in most practical cases. Low-mass, He-core white dwarfs with thick hydrogen envelopes may undergo long periods of H burning which sustain the stellar temperature and allow deviations from the I-Love-Q relations for longer times.
description: 15 pages (5 of which are appendices), 11 figures
How to Evaluate Non-Growing Cells - Current Strategies for Determining Antimicrobial Resistance of VBNC Bacteria
Creators: name: Fleischmann, Susanne
name: Robben, Christian
name: Alter, Thomas
name: Rossmanith, Peter
name: Mester, Patrick
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: viable but non-culturable
subject: VBNC
subject: antimicrobial resistance
subject: antibiotic resistance
subject: tolerance
subject: bacterial viability
subject: live/dead
subject: viability PCR
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::579 Mikroorganismen, Pilze, Algen

description: Thanks to the achievements in sanitation, hygiene practices, and antibiotics, we have considerably improved in our ongoing battle against pathogenic bacteria. However, with our increasing knowledge about the complex bacterial lifestyles and cycles and their plethora of defense mechanisms, it is clear that the fight is far from over. One of these resistance mechanisms that has received increasing attention is the ability to enter a dormancy state termed viable but non-culturable (VBNC). Bacteria that enter the VBNC state, either through unfavorable environmental conditions or through potentially lethal stress, lose their ability to grow on standard enrichment media, but show a drastically increased tolerance against antimicrobials including antibiotics. The inability to utilize traditional culture-based methods represents a considerable experimental hurdle to investigate their increased antimicrobial resistance and impedes the development and evaluation of effective treatments or interventions against bacteria in the VBNC state. Although experimental approaches were developed to detect and quantify VBNCs, only a few have been utilized for antimicrobial resistance screening and this review aims to provide an overview of possible methodological approaches.
Post-car world: Survey methods and response behavior in the pre-test
Creators: name: Schmid, Basil
name: Balać, Miloš
name: Axhausen, Kay W.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2015
Subjects: Survey design
response burden
participation choice
fatigue effects

description: The empirical basis of this comprehensive three-stage Post-Car World survey is a twoweek travel diary that is required to obtain the reference values for the later stated choice and stated adaptation tasks. This paper provides first detailed information about the survey design, recruitment and pre-test fieldwork. An initial investigation of the data and its quality attributes, descriptions of the sampling structure and response behavior are presented. Due to the high response burden and complexity of tasks, this quality check is crucial for improving the recruitment and survey process of the main survey. A high incentive level leads to a significantly higher participation rate, but the net-effect on completing the survey is zero: Once recruited, higher incentives even lead to a higher drop-out incidence. Certain socio-demographic characteristics are consistently overrepresented for the participation and drop-out groups: Season ticket ownership strongly increases participation and completion of the survey, while motorized vehicle ownership positively affects drop-out incidence. While general fatigue effects could not be detected, season ticket owners also exhibit a stabler reporting behavior over time. Findings suggest saliency effects, where response behavior seems to be influenced by the respondents’ interest in the survey topic.
Serum indoxyl sulfate concentrations associate with progression of chronic kidney disease in children
Creators: name: Holle, Johannes
name: Kirchner, Marietta
name: Okun, Jürgen
name: Bayazit, Aysun K.
name: Obrycki, Lukasz
name: Canpolat, Nur
name: Bulut, Ipek Kaplan
name: Azukaitis, Karolis
name: Duzova, Ali
name: Ranchin, Bruno
name: Shroff, Rukshana
name: Candan, Cengiz
name: Oh, Jun
name: Klaus, Günter
name: Lugani, Francesca
name: Gimpel, Charlotte
name: Büscher, Rainer
name: Yilmaz, Alev
name: Baskin, Esra
name: Erdogan, Hakan
name: Zaloszyc, Ariane
name: Özcelik, Gül
name: Drozdz, Dorota
name: Jankauskiene, Augustina
name: Nobili, Francois
name: Melk, Anette
name: Querfeld, Uwe
name: Schaefer, Franz
name: 4C Study Consortium
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Kaplan-Meier Estimate
subject: Proportional Hazards Models
subject: Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
subject: Sulfuric Acid Esters
subject: Survival Analysis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a consequence of altered gut microbiota metabolism and a decline in renal excretion. Despite of solid experimental evidence for nephrotoxic effects, the impact of uremic toxins on the progression of CKD has not been investigated in representative patient cohorts. In this analysis, IS and pCS serum concentrations were measured in 604 pediatric participants (mean eGFR of 27 ± 11 ml/min/1.73m2) at enrolment into the prospective Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with CKD study. Associations with progression of CKD were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazard models. During a median follow up time of 2.2 years (IQR 4.3-0.8 years), the composite renal survival endpoint, defined as 50% loss of eGFR, or eGFR <10ml/min/1.73m2 or start of renal replacement therapy, was reached by 360 patients (60%). Median survival time was shorter in patients with IS and pCS levels in the highest versus lowest quartile for both IS (1.5 years, 95%CI [1.1,2.0] versus 6.0 years, 95%CI [5.0,8.4]) and pCS (1.8 years, 95%CI [1.5,2.8] versus 4.4 years, 95%CI [3.4,6.0]). Multivariable Cox regression disclosed a significant association of IS, but not pCS, with renal survival, which was independent of other risk factors including baseline eGFR, proteinuria and blood pressure. In this exploratory analysis we provide the first data showing a significant association of IS, but not pCS serum concentrations with the progression of CKD in children, independent of other known risk factors. In the absence of comorbidities, which interfere with serum levels of uremic toxins, such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome, these results highlight the important role of uremic toxins and accentuate the unmet need of effective elimination strategies to lower the uremic toxin burden and abate progression of CKD.
MOESM1 of Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959â€“61 and risk of Hyperuricemia: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Creators: name: Wenqiang Zhang
name: Rongsheng Luan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Distributions of missing data and outliners among three famine exposure subgroups. Table S2. Association of famine exposure in early life with hyperuricemia. Table S3. Multivariable-adjusted ORs (95%CI) for the association of BMI, and famine exposure in early life with hyperuricemia.
The spectrum of states with one current acting on the adjoint vacuum of massless QCD2
Creators: name: Abrashkin, A.
name: Frishman, Y.
name: Sonnenschein, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a ``one current'' state, which is obtained by the application of a color current on the ``adjoint'' vacuum. This is done in $QCD_2$, with the underlying quarks in the fundamental representation. The quarks are taken to be massless, in which case the theory on the light-front can be ``currentized'', namely, formulated in terms of currents only. The adjoint vacuum is shown to be the application of a current derivative, at zero momentum, on the singlet vacuum. We apply the operator $M^2=2P^+P^-$ on these states and find that in general they are not eigenstates of $M^2$ apart from the large $N_f$ limit. Problems with infra-red regularizations are pointed out. We discuss the fermionic structure of these states.
description: 18 pages, no figures. v2: minor corrections. v3: added some clarifications and remarks, mainly on the contribution of zero modes. Typos corrected, references added. To appear in Nuclear Physics B
Intramolgidae Marchenkov & Boxshall 1995
Creators: name: Kim, Il-Hoi
name: Boxshall, Geoff A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Hexanauplia
Cyclopoida
Intramolgidae

description: Family Intramolgidae Marchenkov & Boxshall, 1995    Genus Intramolgus Marchenkov & Boxshall, 1995
 Type species. fntramolgus arctẚcus Marchenkov & Boxshall, 1995 by original designation.
 Remarks. The genus fntramolgus, the sole genus of the Intramolgidae, has been represented only by the type species fK arctẚcus which was found living in association with three ascidian species of the genus Molgula in the White Sea (Marchenkov & Boxshall, 1995). Here, we describe two additional species.
description: Published as part of Kim, Il-Hoi & Boxshall, Geoff A., 2021, Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species, pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 5013 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5013.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5158206
Discrete Torsion and Shift Orbifolds
Creators: name: Sharpe, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we make two observations related to discrete torsion. First, we observe that an old obscure degree of freedom (momentum/translation shifts) in (symmetric) string orbifolds is related to discrete torsion. We point out how our previous derivation of discrete torsion from orbifold group actions on B fields includes these momentum lattice shift phases, and discuss how they are realized in terms of orbifold group actions on D-branes. Second, we describe the M theory dual of IIA discrete torsion, a duality relation to our knowledge not previously understood. We show that IIA discrete torsion is encoded in analogues of the shift orbifolds above for the M theory C field.
description: 28 pages, LaTeX, 3 figures; v2: references added
Consciousness and the Wigner's friend problem
Creators: name: d'Espagnat, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally agreed that decoherence theory is, if not a complete answer, at least a great step forward towards a solution of the quantum measurement problem. It is shown here however that in the cases in which a sentient being is explicitly assumed to take cognizance of the outcome the reasons we have for judging this way are not totally consistent, so that the question has to be considered anew. It is pointed out that the way the Broglie-Bohm model solves the riddle suggests a possible clue, consisting in assuming that even very simple systems may have some sort of a proto-consciousness, but that their ``internal states of consciousness'' are not predictive. It is, next, easily shown that if we imagine the systems get larger, in virtue of decoherence their internal states of consciousness progressively gain in predictive value. So that, for macro-systems, they may be identified (in practice) with the predictive states of consciousness on which we ground our observational predictions. The possibilities of carrying over this idea to standard quantum mechanics are then investigated. Conditions of conceptual consistency are considered and found rather strict, and, finally, two solutions emerge, differing conceptually very much from one another but in both of which the, possibly non-predictive, generalized internal states of consciousness play a crucial role.
Nature of correlations in the atomic limit of the boson fermion model
Creators: name: Domanski, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the equation of motion technique for Green's functions we derive the exact solution of the boson fermion model in the atomic limit. Both (fermion and boson) subsystems are characterised by the effective three level excitation spectra. We compute the spectral weights of these states and analyse them in detail with respect to all possible parameters. Although in the atomic limit there is no true phase transition, we notice that upon decreasing temperature some pairing correlations start to appear. Their intensity is found to be proportional to the depleted amount of the fermion nonbonding state. We notice that pairing correlations behave in a fashion observed for the optimally doped and underdoped high $T_{c}$ superconductors. We try to identify which parameter of the boson fermion model can possibly correspond to the actual doping level. This study c larifies the origin of pairing correlations within the boson fermion model and may elucidate how to apply it for interpretation of experimental data.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; to appear in Eur. Phys. J. B