Protypotherium antiquum Ameghino 1885
Creators: name: Fernández, Mercedes
name: Fernicola, Juan C.
name: Cerdeño, Esperanza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Notoungulata
Interatheriidae
Protypotherium
Protypotherium antiquum

description: Protypotherium antiquum Ameghino, 1885
(Fig. 4A–B; Supporting Information, Table S2)
1885 Protypotherium antiquum Ameghino, p. 81–83 (original description).
Lectotype: ZMK 21 /1877 (Fig. 4A), right mandibular fragment with p4–m3 (see Fernández et al. 2018), from Late Miocene, Ituzaingó Fm., Entre Ríos Province (Argentina).
Referred material: IBIGEO-P39 (Fig. 4B), less mandibular fragment with p4–m3; MCH-P 257, right mandibular fragment with p3–m1 (Armella and Bonini 2020).
Extended diagnosis: Protypotherium antiquum differs from Pr. australe, Pr. praerutilum, Pr. columnifer, Pr. compressidens, Pr. minutum, Pr. claudum, and Pr. colloncurensis by having the talonid of m3 with a very deep longitudinal and transverse labial sulcus and a mesio-labial lobe distally straight; from Pr. compressidens by having relatively wider lower cheek teeth; from Pr. claudum by exhibiting a p4 with a transversely deeper, narrower, and more distally placed ectoflexid, and m1–3 with deeper entoflexid; from Pr. colloncurensis and Pr. columnifer by the sub-triangular talonid of p4; from Pr. praerutilum by having a slightly larger size; and from Pr. columnifer by the talonid of p4 narrower than the trigonid.
Geographic and temporal provenance: Entre Ríos Province (Argentina), Ituzaingó Fm.; Salta Province, Palo Pintado Fm. (Zimicz et al. 2018); and Catamarca Province, Chiquimil Fm. (Armella and Bonini 2020); Late Miocene, Huayquerian SALMA.
Measurements: Supporting Information, Table S2.
Remarks: Zimicz et al. (2018) identified IBIGEO-P39 (Fig. 4B) as Pr.minutum mainly due to size and a trilobed m3. Nevertheless, these authors mentioned that it resembled the remaining species of the genus. Concerning these features, the presence of a trilobed m3 is common in Protypotherium and it is not exclusive of Pr. minutum (holotype MLP 12-2176) (see above). When comparing the m3 of MLP 12-2176 and IBIGEO-P39, the labial groove of the former is transversally shallow, but persistent, and in both the distal face of the mesio-labial lobe and the disto-labial lobe of the talonid are rounded. Instead, this groove is transversally deeper and persistent in IBIGEO-P39 (Fig. 4B) and the distal face of the mesio-labial lobe is straight, which is coincident with the diagnostic features of Pr. antiquum. In addition, IBIGEO-P39 (e.g. Lm1 = 6.26 mm; Wm1 ≈ 3.2 mm) is intermediate in size between Pr. minutum (e.g. Lm1 ≈ 4.6 mm; Wm1 ≈ 2.60 mm) and Pr. antiquum (e.g. Lm1 = 7.4 mm; Wm1 ≈ 4.1 mm (see Supporting Information, Table S2), being even closer to the laưer. Therefore, mainly based on the morphological features, we re-identify IBIGEO-P39 as Pr. antiquum.
On the other hand, we state that MCH-P 257, mentioned as Protypotherium cf. Pr. antiquum by Armella and Bonini (2020), also corresponds to Pr. antiquum, sharing the same mentioned features with IBIGEO-P39.
description: Published as part of Fernández, Mercedes, Fernicola, Juan C. & Cerdeño, Esperanza, 2023, Systematic revision of the species of Protypotherium (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) from the Santa Cruz Formation (Early-Middle Miocene), Argentinian Patagonia: a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the Interatheriidae, pp. 417-444 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 199 (2) on page 428, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad043, http://zenodo.org/record/8426263