Serpula dendrocalami C. L. Zhao 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Wang, Xiang-Hua
name: Das, Kanad
name: Bera, Ishika
name: Chen, Yu-Hui
name: Bhatt, Rajendra Prasad
name: Ghosh, Aniket
name: Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel
name: Hofstetter, Valérie
name: Parihar, Arvind
name: Vizzini, Alfredo
name: Xu, Tai-Min
name: Zhao, Chang-Lin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Boletales
Serpulaceae
Serpula
Serpula dendrocalami

description: 90. Serpula dendrocalami C.L. Zhao, sp. nov.
(Figs 22-26)
Differs from other Serpula species by the larger, pileate basidiocarps with poroid hymenophore and a dimitic hyphal system with wider, encrusted generative hyphae in context (3-6.5 Μm) and subglobose, bright yellow, thick-walled basidiospores measuring as 4.5-5.5´3.5-4 Μm.
TYPUS. — China. Yunnan Prov., Puer, Taiyanghe Forestry Park, on root of the living bamboo of Dendrocalamus, 30.IX.2017, C.L. Zhao, Zhao 3321 (SWFC).
MYCOBANK. — MB 830774.
GENBANK. — MK863397 - MK863407 (ITS); MK863391 - MK863396 (LSU).
ETYMOLOGY. — dendrocalami (Lat.). — referring to the host, the bamboo genus Dendrocalamus.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — China. Yunnan Prov.: Puer, Taiyanghe Forestry Park, on root of living bamboo of Dendrocalamus, 30.IX.2017, C.L. Zhao, Zhao 3111, 3113, 3136, 3203, 3318, 3447, 4805; Jingdong Co., Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve, on root of living bamboo of Dendrocalamus, 2.X.2017, C.L. Zhao, Zhao 3521, 3607, 3626, 3632 (SWFC).
DESCRIPTION
Basidiocarps
Annual, pileate, solitary or gregarious, fleshy and more or less watery when fresh, becoming corky and brittle upon drying, distinctly light in weight when dry.
Pileus
Sessile, flabelliform to semicircular, projecting up to 20 cm, 15 cm wide, 2.5 cm thick at centre. Pileal surface cream to pale brown when fresh and brown upon drying, smooth, and uneven.
Hymenial surface
Poroid, slightly meruloid towards margin, yellowish brown when fresh, yellowish brown to brown, paler towards margin, darker towards centre upon drying; pores angular, 2-3/mm; dissepiments thin. Sterile margin wide, cream to yellowish brown, up to 5 mm wide.
Context
Cream, spongy, up to 2 cm thick.
Tubes
Yellowish brown to brown, up to 5 mm long.
Type of rot
Brown rot.
Hyphal system
Dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections, IKI-, CB-, tissues unchanged in KOH.
Context
Generative hyphae dominant, hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally branched, interwoven, 3-6.5 Μm in diameter, frequently encrusted with crystals; skeletal hyphae hyaline, thick-walled with a lumen, branched, 0.8-3 Μm in diam.
Tubes
Generative hyphae hyaline, thin-walled, occasionally branched, interwoven, 2.5-5 Μm in diameter, frequently encrusted with crystals; skeletal hyphae absent. Cystidia and cystidioles absent. Basidia clavate to pyriform, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 25-35 × 7-8.5 Μm; basidioles in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller.
Basidiospores
Subglobose, bright yellow, thick-walled, smooth, IKI-, cyanophilous, (4-)4.5-5.5(-6) × 3.5-4(-4.5) Μm, L = 5.13 Μm, W = 3.83 Μm, Q = 1.26-1.42 (n = 360/12).
NOTES
Wood-rotting fungi is an extensively studied group of Basidiomycota (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987; Núñez & Ryvarden 2001; Bernicchia & Gorjón 2010; Dai 2012; Ryvarden & Melo 2014), but the Chinese wood-rotting fungi diversity is still not well known. This is especially the case for the subtropical and tropical zones, from which many recently described taxa of wood-rotting fungi were described (Chen & Shen 2014; Zhao et al. 2014; Zhou 2015; Qin et al. 2016; Song et al. 2016).
Serpula (Pers.) Gray (Serpulaceae, Boletales) is a genus typified by S.lacrymans (Wulfen)J.Schröt (Gray 1821), which is a small genus characterized by a combination of resupinate to effuse-reflexed, or pileate basidiocarps mostly with merulioid to poroid hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal system with clamp connections on generative hyphae,presence of skeletal hyphae in the context, clavate basidia and ellipsoid to ovoid, smooth, thick-walled, brownish, not or weakly dextrinoid, cyanophilous basidiospores, and all causing a brown rot (Gray 1821; Bernicchia & Gorjón 2010). So far about 17species have been accepted in the genus worldwide (Gray1821; Karsten1884; Schröter 1888; Cooke 1957; Ginns 1971; Mata & Ryvarden 2007; Bernicchia & Gorjón 2010).
Recently, several molecular studies addressed the genus Serpula (Binder & Hibbett 2006; Larsson 2007; Binder et al. 2010; Zhao et al. 2017). Binder & Hibbett (2006) suggested that the genus Serpula clustered into the Serpulaceae in Boletales where it grouped with Coniophora marmorata Desm. and Tapinella atrotomentosa (Batsch) Šutara. Larsson (2007) introduced a phylogenetic classification for corticioid fungi at the family level confirming that the genus Serpula was nested into the Boletales clade where it grouped with Coniophora olivacea (Fr.) P. Karst. and Pseudomerulius aureus (Fr.) Jülich. A few years later, Binder et al. (2010) included five species of Serpula in a study focusing on early branching clades in Agaricomycetidae. Again, these Serpula clustered with Leucogyrophana montana (Burt) Domański and T. atrotomentosa in the order Boletales. In their six-gene phylogenetic overview of Basidiomycota, Zhao et al. (2017) demonstrated that the type species of Serpula, S. lacrymans, clustered with Coniophora arida (Fr.) P. Karst. and Gyrodontium sacchari (Spreng.) Hjortstam in the Boletales.
In our phylogenetic analyses (Figs. 19-21), Serpula dendrocalami sisters to S. similis in the phylogeny with strong supports (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP,) but the latter differs from S.dendrocalami by its smaller basidiocarps projecting up to 3 cm, 5 cm wide, 5 mm thick at centre (Dai 2004) with pruinose or tomentose margin, the meruloid folded hymenium, and 1 mm thin context with numerous crystals that are not incrusting the hyphae, and smaller basidiospores measuring 4-5 × 3-3.5 Μm (Ginns 1971). In addition, its habitat is linked to sandy soil.
Two other species in the genus Serpula from China are similar to the new taxon: S. himantioides (Fr.) P. Karst. and S. lacrymans (Wulfen) J. Schröt. The former differs from S. dendrocalami by the membranaceous basidiocarps with smooth hymenophore and larger basidiospores, 9-12 × 5-6 Μm (Bernicchia & Gorjón 2010), and grows on stumps of Picea or Pinus. Serpula lacrymans is separated from S. dendrocalami by its resupinate to effuse-reflexed basidiocarps with rhizomorphs, and larger basidiospores, 9-10.1 × 4.6-5.9 Μm(Dai 2004, Bernicchia & Gorjón 2010) and grows on manufactured wood such as in old woody houses.
description: Published as part of Wang, Xiang-Hua, Das, Kanad, Bera, Ishika, Chen, Yu-Hui, Bhatt, Rajendra Prasad, Ghosh, Aniket, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Hofstetter, Valérie, Parihar, Arvind, Vizzini, Alfredo, Xu, Tai-Min & Zhao, Chang-Lin, 2019, Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81 - 90, pp. 57-95 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5) on pages 88-94, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5, http://zenodo.org/record/7814899