cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Transaction Costs on Labor Market Participation and Earnings: Evidence from Rural Philippines Markets
Creators: name: Lanzona, Leonardo
name: Evenson, Robert E.
name: Lanzona, Leonardo
name: Evenson, Robert E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: transaction costs
subject: labor market participation
subject: Philippines

description: The paper aims to measure transaction costs and its effects on labor market participation and on wage earnings. The observed differences between buying and selling prices of rice across households are used to calculate transaction costs indices for villages which are incorporated into the standard labor market participation and Mincer wage equations. The estimates indicate that transaction costs may be a source of the income differentials between (a) the landed and the landless, (b) the rural and the urban areas, and (c) the males and the females. Furthermore, biases can be noted in the regression coefficients of estimates that do not control for transaction costs.
Social capital may mediate the relationship between social distance and COVID-19 prevalence
Creators: name: Kokubun, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The threat of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) is increasing. Regarding the difference in the infection rate observed in each region, in addition to studies seeking the cause due to differences in the social distance (population density), there is an increasing trend toward studies seeking the cause due to differences in social capital. However, studies have not yet been conducted on whether social capital could influence the infection rate even if it controls the effect of population density. Therefore, in this paper, we analyzed the relationship between infection rate, population density, and social capital using statistical data for each prefecture. Statistical analysis showed that social capital not only correlates with infection rates and population densities but still has a negative correlation with infection rates controlling for the effects of population density. Besides, controlling the relationship between variables by mean age showed that social capital had a greater correlation with infection rate than population density. In other words, social capital mediates the correlation between population density and infection rates. This means that social distance alone is not enough to deter coronavirus infection, and social capital needs to be recharged.
description: amendments in references
The spinorial geometry of supersymmetric IIB backgrounds
Creators: name: Gran, U.
name: Gutowski, J.
name: Papadopoulos, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Killing spinor equations of IIB supergravity for one Killing spinor. We show that there are three types of orbits of Spin(9,1) in the space of Weyl spinors which give rise to Killing spinors with stability subgroups $Spin(7)\ltimes \bR^8$, $SU(4)\ltimes \bR^8$ and $G_2$. We solve the Killing spinor equations for the $Spin(7)\ltimes \bR^8$ and $SU(4)\ltimes \bR^8$ invariant spinors, give the fluxes in terms of the geometry and determine the conditions on the spacetime geometry imposed by supersymmetry. In both cases, the spacetime admits a null, self-parallel, Killing vector field. We also apply our formalism to examine a class of $SU(4)\ltimes \bR^8$ backgrounds which admit one and two pure spinors as Killing spinors and investigate the geometry of the spacetimes.
description: 48 pages. v2: formulae simplified and reference added
Spin-orbit-proximitized ferromagnetic metal by monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide: Atlas of spectral functions, spin textures and spin-orbit torques in Co/MoSe$_2$, Co/WSe$_2$ and Co/TaSe$_2$ heterostructures
Creators: name: Dolui, Kapildeb
name: Nikolic, Branislav K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bilayer heterostructures composed of an ultrathin ferromagnetic metal (FM) and a material hosting strong spin-orbit (SO) coupling are principal resource for SO torque and spin-to-charge conversion nonequilibrium effects in spintronics. We demonstrate how hybridization of wavefunctions of Co layer and a monolayer of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)---such as semiconducting MoSe$_2$ and WSe$_2$ or metallic TaSe$_2$---can lead to dramatic transmutation of electronic and spin structure of Co within some distance away from its interface with TMD, when compared to the bulk of Co or its surface in contact with vacuum. This is due to proximity induced SO splitting of Co bands encoded in the spectral functions and spin textures on its monolayers, which we obtain using noncollinear density functional theory (ncDFT) combined with equilibrium Green function (GF) calculations. In fact, SO splitting is present due to structural inversion asymmetry of the bilayer even if SO coupling within TMD monolayer is artificially switched off in ncDFT calculations, but switching it on makes the effects associated with proximity SO coupling within Co layer about five times larger. Injecting spin-unpolarized charge current through SO-proximitized monolayers of Co generates nonequilibrium spin density over them, so that its cross product with the magnetization of Co determines SO torque. The SO torque computed via first-principles quantum transport methodology, which combines ncDFT with nonequilibrium GF calculations, can be used as the screening parameter to identify optimal combination of materials and their interfaces for applications in spintronics. In particular, we identify heterostructure two-monolayer-Co/monolayer-WSe$_2$ as the most optimal.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Investigation of fluorescence radiation following radiative recombination of ions and electrons
Creators: name: Kupliauskiene, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general expression for the double differential cross section of fluorescence radiation following photorecombination (PRF) of polarized electrons and polarized ions is derived by using usual atomic theory methods and is represented in the form of multiple expansions over spherical tensors. The ways of the application of the general expression suitable for the specific experimental conditions are outlined by deriving the asymmetry parameter of angular distribution of PRF radiation in the case of nonpolarized ions and electrons. This parameter is calculated for neon-like ions and bare nuclei. A very strong dependence of the asymmetry parameter of PRF radiation angular distribution on free electron energy is obtained.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
ON A NAME CHANGE FOR THE JOURNAL
Creators: name: Epperson, James E.
name: Huang, C.I.
name: Fu, Tsu-Tan
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
name: Epperson, James E.
name: Huang, C.I.
name: Fu, Tsu-Tan
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Membership of the Southern Agricultural Economics Association (SAEA) was polled to ascertain the strength of support for changing the name of the Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics (SJAE) to eliminate the regional connotation. The general view was that a name change is unwarranted. The overall impression of our profession is that the SJAE is a high quality journal and that the name is not the crucial factor in promulgating this image but rather the continued striving for excellence. A number of profiles were developed to show that the ordered-response model may be used in predicting probabilities for those who would or would not likely favor a name change.
The Uehling correction to the energy levels in a pionic atom
Creators: name: Karshenboim, S. G.
name: Korzinin, E. Yu.
name: Ivanov, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a correction to energy levels in a pionic atom induced by the Uehling potential, i.e., by a free electron vacuum-polarization loop. The calculation is performed for circular states (l=n-1). The result is obtained in a closed analytic form as a function of $ Zα$ and the pion-to-electron mass ratio. Certain asymptotics of the result are also presented.
title: An Efficient Hardware Design for a Low-Latency Traffic Flow Prediction System Using an Online Neural Network
Creators: name: Hanafy, Yasmin Adel
name: Mashaly, Maggie
name: Abd El Ghany, Mohamed A.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Neural networks are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks in human brains. They are trained in a batch learning mode; hence, the whole training data should be ready before the training task. However, this is not applicable for many real-time applications where data arrive sequentially such as online topic-detection in social communities, traffic flow prediction, etc. In this paper, an efficient hardware implementation of a low-latency online neural network system is proposed for a traffic flow prediction application. The proposed model is implemented with different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to predict the traffic flow with high accuracy where the Hedge Backpropagation (HBP) model achieves the least mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.001. The proposed system is implemented using floating point and fixed point arithmetics on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) part of the ZedBoard. The implementation is provided using BRAM architecture and distributed memory in FPGA in order to achieve the best trade-off between latency, the consumption of area, and power. Using the fixed point approach, the prediction times using the distributed memory and BRAM architectures are 150 ns and 420 ns, respectively. The area delay product (ADP) of the proposed system is reduced by 17 × compared with the hardware implementation of the latest proposed system in the literature. The execution time of the proposed hardware system is improved by 200 × compared with the software implemented on a dual core Intel i7-7500U CPU at 2.9 GHz. Consequently, the proposed hardware model is faster than the software model and more suitable for time-critical online machine learning models.
Relations between Potts and RSOS models on a torus
Creators: name: Richard, Jean-Francois
name: Jacobsen, Jesper Lykke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the relationship between Q-state Potts models and staggered RSOS models of the A\_{p-1} type on a torus, with sqrt(Q)=2 cos(pi / p). In general the partition functions of these models differ due to clusters of non-trivial topology. However we find exact identities, valid for any temperature and any finite size of the torus, between various modified partition functions in the two pictures. The field theoretic interpretation of these modified partition function is discussed.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Age, paleotectonic setting, and common Pb isotope signature of the San Nicolás volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, southeastern Zacatecas State, central Mexico
Creators: name: Danielson, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The San Nicolas deposit is a world class polymetallic volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit located in southeastern Zacatecas State, central Mexico. The location of the deposit in a metallogenic province previously thought to be barren with respect to VMS mineralization, coupled with the large size of the deposit, make understanding the framework within which the deposit formed important for further mineral exploration efforts in the region, as well as for providing a more complete understanding of the geology of the region. A geological, geochronological, lithogeochemical, and isotopic study was undertaken to address the age of the volcano-sedimentary succession which hosts the San Nicolas deposit and the paleotectonic setting in which it formed. U-Pb zircon dating of felsic volcanic units within the volcano-sedimentary succession indicates that the volcanic rocks, and by extension, the associated sulfide mineralization, formed in Late Jurassic time, at -148 Ma. The succession comprises Upper Jurassic submarine, mafic and felsic flows, volcaniclastic rocks, and hypabyssal intrusions. A limited number of thinly bedded, finegrained clastic sedimentary rocks are locally intercalated with the volcanic units. Volcanic rocks within the lower part of the succession (stratigraphically below and interfingering with sulfide mineralization) display geochemical and isotopic characteristics which are consistent with formation within a back-arc basin. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of volcanic rocks within the upper part of the succession (stratigraphically above VMS mineralization) reflect a change in paleotectonic setting to a relatively juvenile volcanic arc environment. Isotopic and geochronologic constraints suggest that the entire package was formed above attenuated continental crust, perhaps as old as Precambrian in age. In a separate, but related study, sulfide Pb isotope ratios were examined as a means of distinguishing between styles of mineralization within central and southwestern Mexico. Pb isotopic compositions from syngenetic and epigenetic mineralization in the region form two distinct fields, suggesting that Pb isotopic compositions can be used as an inexpensive and effective tool for discriminating between syngenetic and epigenetic mineralization. The consistency of Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals from syngenetic and epigenetic deposits may also indicate a similar basement for all of central and southwestern Mexico.
Full feature selection for estimating KAP radiation dose in coronary angiographies and percutaneous coronary interventions
Creators: name: Suomi, Visa
name: Järvinen, Jukka
name: Kiviniemi, Tuomas
name: Ylitalo, Antti
name: Pietilä, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In interventional cardiology (IC) the radiation dose variation is very significant, and its estimation has been difficult due to the complexity of the treatments. In order to tackle this problem, the aim of this study was to identify the most important demographic and clinical features to estimate Kerma-Area Product (KAP) radiation dose in coronary angiographies (CA) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The study was retrospective using clinical patient data from 838 CA and PCI procedures. A total of 59 features were extracted from the patient data and 9 different filter-based feature selection methods were used to select the most informative features in terms of the KAP radiation dose from the treatments. The selected features were then used in a support vector regression (SVR) model to evaluate their performance in estimating the radiation dose. The ten highest-ranking features were: 1) FN1AC (CA), 2) FN2BA (PCI), 3) weight, 4) post-stenosis 0%, 5) multi-vessel disease, 6) number of procedures 3, 7) pre-stenosis 100%, 8) American Heart Association (AHA) score C, 9) pre-stenosis 85% and 10) gender. The performance of the SVR model increased (mean squared error ~ 450) with the number of features approximately up to 30 features. The identification of the most informative features for CA and PCI KAP is an important step in determining suitable complexity models for clinical practice. The highest-ranking features can be used as individual predictors of IC procedure KAP or can be incorporated into combined complexity score or different estimation models in the future.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1909.13233
Explicit Solutions for N-Dimensional Schrodinger Equations with Position-Dependent Mass
Creators: name: Gonul, B.
name: Kocak, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the consideration of spherical symmetry for the potential and mass function, one-dimensional solutions of non-relativistic Schrodinger equations with spatially varying effective mass are successfully extended to arbitrary dimensions within the frame of recently developed elegant non-perturbative technique, where the BenDaniel-Duke effective Hamiltonian in one-dimension is assumed like the unperturbed piece, leading to well-known solutions, whereas the modification term due to possible use of other effective Hamiltonians in one-dimension and, together with, the corrections coming from the treatments in higher dimensions are considered as an additional term like the perturbation. Application of the model and its generalization for the completeness are discussed.
description: 8 pages, no figures
Formalizing Slow-roll Inflation in Scalar-Tensor Theories of Gravitation
Creators: name: Akın, Kemal
name: Arapoğlu, A. Savaş
name: Yükselci, A. Emrah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The viability of slow-roll approximation is examined by considering the structure of phase spaces in scalar-tensor theories of gravitation and the analysis is exemplified with a nonminimally coupled scalar field to the spacetime curvature. The slow-roll field equations are obtained in the Jordan frame in two ways: first using the direct generalization of the slow-roll conditions in the minimal coupling case to nonminimal one, and second, conformal transforming the slow-roll field equations in the Einstein frame to the Jordan frame and then applying the generalized slow-roll conditions. Two inflationary models governed by the potentials $V(ϕ) \propto ϕ^2$ and $V(ϕ) \propto ϕ^4$ are considered to compare the outcomes of two methods based on the analysis of $n_s$ and $r$ values in the light of recent observational data.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1504.02192
Additional file 1 of Risk factors analysis of acute kidney injury following open thoracic aortic surgery in the patients with or without acute aortic syndrome: a retrospective study
Creators: name: Ma, Xiaochun
name: Jinzhang Li
name: Yun, Yan
name: Diming Zhao
name: Shanghao Chen
name: Huibo Ma
name: Zhengjun Wang
name: Haizhou Zhang
name: Chengwei Zou
name: Yuqi Cui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 2 of Risk factors analysis of acute kidney injury following open thoracic aortic surgery in the patients with or without acute aortic syndrome: a retrospective study
Creators: name: Ma, Xiaochun
name: Jinzhang Li
name: Yun, Yan
name: Diming Zhao
name: Shanghao Chen
name: Huibo Ma
name: Zhengjun Wang
name: Haizhou Zhang
name: Chengwei Zou
name: Yuqi Cui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary Table 1 Surgical options of the overall cohort
[Letter from George William Traill]
Creators: name: Traill, George William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1888
Subjects: Sewell, Philip
Pollexfen, John Hutton

description: Expresses gratitude for receiving the paper on Laminaria and the other papers. Has sent all the duplicate species, including a Prasiola marina. Has sent two parcels of algae. Information: Laminaria longicruris is often found cast ashore here, because the sea temperature is higher at the Orkneys than farther south. Nitophyllum punctatum and Callophyllis laciniata are found growing here.
description: As the first pages of the letter are missing, the date and origin are unknown.
description: Previously, letters RN-0128 and RN-0152 were registered as two different letters. We have found that they were in fact the same letter and have merged them in this record.
FakeCovid -- A Multilingual Cross-domain Fact Check News Dataset for COVID-19
Creators: name: Shahi, Gautam Kishore
name: Nandini, Durgesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a first multilingual cross-domain dataset of 5182 fact-checked news articles for COVID-19, collected from 04/01/2020 to 15/05/2020. We have collected the fact-checked articles from 92 different fact-checking websites after obtaining references from Poynter and Snopes. We have manually annotated articles into 11 different categories of the fact-checked news according to their content. The dataset is in 40 languages from 105 countries. We have built a classifier to detect fake news and present results for the automatic fake news detection and its class. Our model achieves an F1 score of 0.76 to detect the false class and other fact check articles. The FakeCovid dataset is available at Github.
description: CySoc 2020 International Workshop on Cyber Social Threats, ICWSM 2020
Additional file 3 of Risk factors analysis of acute kidney injury following open thoracic aortic surgery in the patients with or without acute aortic syndrome: a retrospective study
Creators: name: Ma, Xiaochun
name: Jinzhang Li
name: Yun, Yan
name: Diming Zhao
name: Shanghao Chen
name: Huibo Ma
name: Zhengjun Wang
name: Haizhou Zhang
name: Chengwei Zou
name: Yuqi Cui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Supplementary Table 2 Surgical options of AAS patient
Pinwheels and bypasses
Creators: name: Honda, Ko
name: Kazez, William H.
name: Matic, Gordana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50, 53C15

description: We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the addition of a collection of disjoint bypasses to a convex surface to be universally tight -- namely the nonexistence of a polygonal region which we call a virtual pinwheel.
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol5/agt-5-33.abs.html
[Letter from Lauritz Kolderup-Rosenvinge]
Creators: name: Kolderup-Rosenvinge, Lauritz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1889
Subjects: Lynge (Antikvarbokhandel)
Madsen, M. P.

description: Lynge bookshop does have Lyngbye's Hydrophytologia (kr.12), the first two volumes of Trondhjems Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter ny samling (kr.6), The Botanical Society wishes to exchange papers.
Modeling the Field Emission Enhancement Factor for Capped Carbon Nanotubes using the Induced Electron Density
Creators: name: de Castro, Caio P.
name: de Assis, Thiago A.
name: Rivelino, Roberto
name: Mota, Fernando de B.
name: de Castilho, Caio M. C.
name: Forbes, Richard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many field electron emission experiments on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), the SWCNT stands on one of two well-separated parallel plane plates, with a macroscopic field FM applied between them. For any given location "L" on the SWCNT surface, a field enhancement factor (FEF) is defined as $F_{\rm{L}}$/$F_{\rm{M}}$, where $F_{\rm{L}}$ is a local field defined at "L". The best emission measurements from small-radii capped SWCNTs exhibit characteristic FEFs that are constant (i.e., independent of $F_{\rm{M}}$). This paper discusses how to retrieve this result in quantum-mechanical (as opposed to classical electrostatic) calculations. Density functional theory (DFT) is used to analyze the properties of two short, floating SWCNTS, capped at both ends, namely a (6,6) and a (10,0) structure. Both have effectively the same height ($\sim 5.46$ nm) and radius ($\sim 0.42$ nm). It is found that apex values of local induced FEF are similar for the two SWCNTs, are independent of $F_{\rm{M}}$, and are similar to FEF-values found from classical conductor models. It is suggested that these induced-FEF values relate to the SWCNT longitudinal system polarizabilities, which are presumed similar. The DFT calculations also generate "real", as opposed to ``induced", potential-energy (PE) barriers for the two SWCNTs, for FM-values from 3 V/$μ$m to 2 V/nm. PE profiles along the SWCNT axis and along a parallel ``observation line" through one of the topmost atoms are similar. At low macroscopic fields the details of barrier shape differ for the two SWCNT types. Even for $F_{\rm{M}}=0$, there are distinct PE structures present at the emitter apex (different for the two SWCNTs); this suggests the presence of structure-specific chemically induced charge transfers and related patch-field distributions.
Additional file 1 of Opening the door: midwives’ perceptions of two models of psychosocial assessment in pregnancy- a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Schmied., V.
name: N. Reilly
name: E. Black
name: D. Kingston
name: K. Talcevska.
name: V. Mule.
name: M-P Austin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Comparison of key features of the SAFE START and PIPA models of integrated psychosocial care.
The Grushko decomposition of a finite graph of finite rank free groups: an algorithm
Creators: name: Diao, Guo-An
name: Feighn, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 20E05

description: A finitely generated group admits a decomposition, called its Grushko decomposition, into a free product of freely indecomposable groups. There is an algorithm to construct the Grushko decomposition of a finite graph of finite rank free groups. In particular, it is possible to decide if such a group is free.
description: Published by Geometry and Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/GTVol9/paper41.abs.html
Nonequilibrium grand-canonical ensemble built from a physical particle reservoir
Creators: name: Guioth, Jules
name: Bertin, Éric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a nonequilibrium grand-canonical ensemble defined by considering the stationary state of a driven system of particles put in contact with a nonequilibrium particle reservoir. At odds with its equilibrium counterpart, or with purely formal constructions of a grand-canonical ensemble, this physically-motivated construction yields a grand-canonical distribution that depends on the details of the contact dynamics between the system and the reservoir. For non-interacting driven particles, a grand-canonical chemical potential can still be defined, although this chemical potential now differs from that of the reservoir. However, in the general case, the usual exponential factor (in the particle number) defining the grand-canonical chemical potential, is replaced by the exponential of a non-linear function of the density, this function being proportional to the volume. This case is illustrated explicitly on a one-dimensional lattice model. Although a grand-canonical chemical potential can no longer be defined in this case, it is possible for a subclass of contact dynamics to generalize the equilibrium fluctuation-response relation by introducing a small external potential difference between the system and the reservoir.
description: 8 pages
Additional file 2 of Opening the door: midwives’ perceptions of two models of psychosocial assessment in pregnancy- a mixed methods study
Creators: name: Schmied., V.
name: N. Reilly
name: E. Black
name: D. Kingston
name: K. Talcevska.
name: V. Mule.
name: M-P Austin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Midwives focus group questions.
Distinguishing between wet and dry atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 e and f
Creators: name: Wunderlich, Fabian
name: Scheucher, Markus
name: Godolt, Mareike
name: Grenfell, John Lee
name: Schreier, Franz
name: Schneider, P. Christian
name: Wilson, David J.
name: López, Alejandro Sánchez
name: Puertas, Manuel López
name: Rauer, Heike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearby TRAPPIST-1 planetary system is an exciting target for characterizing the atmospheres of terrestrial planets. The planets e, f and g lie in the circumstellar habitable zone and could sustain liquid water on their surfaces. During the extended pre-main sequence phase of TRAPPIST-1, however, the planets may have experienced extreme water loss, leading to a desiccated mantle. The presence or absence of an ocean is challenging to determine with current and next generation telescopes. Therefore, we investigate whether indirect evidence of an ocean and/or a biosphere can be inferred from observations of the planetary atmosphere. We introduce a newly developed photochemical model for planetary atmospheres, coupled to a radiative-convective model and validate it against modern Earth, Venus and Mars. The coupled model is applied to the TRAPPIST-1 planets e and f, assuming different surface conditions and varying amounts of CO$_2$ in the atmosphere. As input for the model we use a constructed spectrum of TRAPPIST-1, based on near-simultaneous data from X-ray to optical wavelengths. We compute cloud-free transmission spectra of the planetary atmospheres and determine the detectability of molecular features using the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We find that under certain conditions, the existence or non-existence of a biosphere and/or an ocean can be inferred by combining 30 transit observations with ELT and JWST within the K-band. A non-detection of CO could suggest the existence of an ocean, whereas significant CH$_4$ hints at the presence of a biosphere.
description: 37 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Flora and Fauna Inventory of Limestone Forests in Taft, Eastern Samar, Philippines
Creators: name: Obe๑a, Ren Divien R.
Publisher: name: National Science Museum, Thailand
Year: 2021
Subjects: biodiversity, limestone forests, kaigangan, Samar Island Natural Park, Taft

description: The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal, 15, 1, 1-20
Dependence of shake probability on nuclear charge in Li-, Na- and K-like ions
Creators: name: Kupliauskiene, A.
name: Glemza, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In sudden perturbation approximation, the probability of the shake-up process accompanying inner-shell ionization is calculated for the isoelectronic sequences of Li-, Na- and K-like ions in the ground and excited $n$p and $n$d states. Numerical solutions of Hartree-Fock equations and hydrogen-like radial orbitals are used. Very large differences between the results of both approximations for all ions and strong dependences on ion charge are obtained at the beginning of the isoelectronic sequences.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Granular packings with sliding, rolling and twisting friction
Creators: name: Santos, A. P.
name: Bolintineanu, Dan S.
name: Grest, Gary S.
name: Lechman, Jeremy B.
name: Plimpton, Steven J.
name: Srivastava, Ishan
name: Silbert, Leonardo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intuition tells us that a rolling or spinning sphere will eventually stop due to the presence of friction and other dissipative interactions. The resistance to rolling and spinning/twisting torque that stops a sphere also changes the microstructure of a granular packing of frictional spheres by increasing the number of constraints on the degrees of freedom of motion. We perform discrete element modeling simulations to construct sphere packings implementing a range of frictional constraints under a pressure-controlled protocol. Mechanically stable packings are achievable at volume fractions and average coordination numbers as low as 0.53 and 2.5, respectively, when the particles experience high resistance to sliding, rolling and twisting. Only when the particle model includes rolling and twisting friction, were experimental volume fractions reproduced.
Automated and Sound Synthesis of Lyapunov Functions with SMT Solvers
Creators: name: Ahmed, Daniele
name: Peruffo, Andrea
name: Abate, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we employ SMT solvers to soundly synthesise Lyapunov functions that assert the stability of a given dynamical model. The search for a Lyapunov function is framed as the satisfiability of a second-order logical formula, asking whether there exists a function satisfying a desired specification (stability) for all possible initial conditions of the model. We synthesise Lyapunov functions for linear, non-linear (polynomial), and for parametric models. For non-linear models, the algorithm also determines a region of validity for the Lyapunov function. We exploit an inductive framework to synthesise Lyapunov functions, starting from parametric templates. The inductive framework comprises two elements: a learner proposes a Lyapunov function, and a verifier checks its validity - its lack is expressed via a counterexample (a point over the state space), for further use by the learner. Whilst the verifier uses the SMT solver Z3, thus ensuring the overall soundness of the procedure, we examine two alternatives for the learner: a numerical approach based on the optimisation tool Gurobi, and a sound approach based again on Z3. The overall technique is evaluated over a broad set of benchmarks, which shows that this methodology not only scales to 10-dimensional models within reasonable computational time, but also offers a novel soundness proof for the generated Lyapunov functions and their domains of validity.
Surface relaxation of lyotropic lamellar phases
Creators: name: Bary-Soroker, H.
name: Diamant, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relaxation modes of an interface between a lyotropic lamellar phase and a gas or a simple liquid. The response is found to be qualitatively different from those of both simple liquids and single-component smectic-A liquid crystals. At low rates it is governed by a non-inertial, diffusive mode whose decay rate increases quadratically with wavenumber, $|ω|=Aq^2$. The coefficient $A$ depends on the restoring forces of surface tension, compressibility and bending, while the dissipation is dominated by the so-called slip mechanism, i.e, relative motion of the two components of the phase parallel to the lamellae. This surface mode has a large penetration depth which, for sterically stabilised phases, is of order $(dq^2)^{-1}$, where $d$ is the microscopic lamellar spacing.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Impact of intra and inter-cluster coupling balance on the performance of nonlinear networked systems
Creators: name: Ye, Jiachen
name: Ji, Peng
name: Waxman, David
name: Lin, Wei
name: Moreno, Yamir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical and structural aspects of cluster synchronization (CS) in complex systems have been intensively investigated in recent years. Here, we study CS of dynamical systems with intra and inter-cluster couplings. We propose new metrics that describe the performance of such systems and evaluate them as a function of the strength of the couplings within and between clusters. We obtain analytical results that indicate that spectral differences between the Laplacian matrices associated with the partition between intra and inter-couplings directly affect the proposed metrics of system performance. Our results show that the dynamics of the system might exhibit an optimal balance that optimizes its performance. Our work provides new insights into the way specific symmetry properties relate to collective behavior, and could lead to new forms to increase the controllability of complex systems and to optimize their stability.
description: 14 pages and 5 figures. Submitted for publication
Diffusion and ballistic contributions of the interaction correction to the conductivity of a two-dimensional electron gas
Creators: name: Minkov, G. M.
name: Sherstobitov, A. A.
name: Germanenko, A. V.
name: Rut, O. E.
name: Larionova, V. A.
name: Bakarov, A. K.
name: Zvonkov, B. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of an experimental study of interaction quantum correction to the conductivity of two-dimensional electron gas in A$_3$B$_5$ semiconductor quantum well heterostructures are presented for a wide range of $Tτ$-parameter ($Tτ\simeq 0.03-0.8$), where $τ$ is the transport relaxation time. A comprehensive analysis of the magnetic field and temperature dependences of the resistivity and the conductivity tensor components allows us to separate the ballistic and diffusion parts of the correction. It is shown that the ballistic part renormalizes in the main the electron mobility, whereas the diffusion part contributes to the diagonal and does not to the off-diagonal component of the conductivity tensor. We have experimentally found the values of the Fermi-liquid parameters describing the electron-electron contribution to the transport coefficients, which are found in a good agreement with the theoretical results.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
[Letter from George William Traill]
Creators: name: Traill, George William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1889

description: Expresses gratitude for receiving the diatoms, they were beautifully prepared and for the fine Porphyra. Expresses gratitude for the identification of Halosaccion ramentaceum, it has not yet been found in Britain or Shetland, and for Spongomorpha arcta. Has sent a few algae and some Porphyra. Has sent some Call. polyspermum from Joppa for comparison. Expresses gratitude for receiving the Euthora in such fine fruits, Pilayella curta, Ptilota pectinata, and all the algae. They make a most interesting study.
Additional file 1 of Breastfeeding patterns in cohort infants at a high-risk fetal, neonatal and child referral center in Brazil: a correspondence analysis
Creators: name: Silva, Maíra Domingues Bernardes
name: Oliveira, Raquel De Vasconcellos Carvalhaes De
name: Braga, José Ueleres
name: Almeida, João Aprígio Guerra De
name: Enirtes Caetano Prates Melo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Summary of variables collected in the breastfeeding cohort, Brazil, 2018.
Fast Generation of Large-scale Structure Density Maps via Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Curtis, Olivia
name: Brainerd, Tereasa G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a recent advancement in unsupervised machine learning. They are a cat-and-mouse game between two neural networks: [1] a discriminator network which learns to validate whether a sample is real or fake compared to a training set and [2] a generator network which learns to generate data that appear to belong to the training set. Both networks learn from each other until training is complete and the generator network is able to produce samples that are indistinguishable from the training set. We find that GANs are well-suited for fast generation of novel 3D density maps that are indistinguishable from those obtained from N-body simulations. In a matter of seconds, a fully trained GAN can generate thousands of density maps at different epochs in the history of the universe. These GAN-generated maps can then be used to study the evolution of large-scale structure over time.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, published in RNAAS
The relationship between X-ray variability amplitude and black hole mass in active galactic nuclei
Creators: name: O'Neill, Paul M.
name: Nandra, Kirpal
name: Papadakis, Iossif E.
name: Turner, T. Jane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the relationship between the 2-10 keV X-ray variability amplitude and black hole mass for a sample of 46 radio-quiet active galactic nuclei observed by ASCA. Thirty-three of the objects in our sample exhibited variability over a time-scale of ~40 ks, and we found a significant anti-correlation between excess variance and mass. Unlike most previous studies, we have quantified the variability using nearly the same time-scale for all objects. Moreover, we provide a prescription for estimating the uncertainties in excess variance which accounts both for measurement uncertainties and for the stochastic nature of the variability. We also present an analytical method to predict the excess variance from a model power spectrum accounting for binning, sampling and windowing effects. Using this, we modelled the variance-mass relation assuming all objects have a universal twice-broken power spectrum, with the position of the breaks being dependent on mass. This accounts for the general form of the relationship but there is considerable scatter. We investigated this scatter as a function of the X-ray photon index, luminosity and Eddington ratio. After accounting for the dependence of excess variance on mass, we find no significant correlation with either luminosity or X-ray spectral slope. We do find an anti-correlation between excess variance and the Eddington ratio, although this relation might be an artifact owing to the uncertainties in the mass measurements. It remains to be established that enhanced X-ray variability is a property of objects with steep X-ray slopes or large Eddington ratios.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
D2.1 - Natural and man-made disaster  scenarios analysis framework
Creators: name: Staniforth, Andrew
name: Fortune, Dave
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Recent natural and manmade disasters have shown gaps in the level of preparedness of European society for disasters, highlighting the importance of increasing risk awareness, which ensures a direct positive impact on citizen and organisational resilience among people and decision-makers in Europe. Recognising the need to examine, explore, capture and compare the challenges of effectively responding to all manner of major disasters and crises to improve societal resilience and compliance, project CORE (sCience & human factOr for Resilient sociEty) strategic objectives includes conducting a thorough and in-depth analysis of natural and manmade disasters and crisis incident case studies to extract lessons learnt from a variety of perspectives including human factors, organizational issues and quantitative and qualitative aspects of lessons learnt from societal aspects, including gender and ethnicity, education, income, physical abilities. For this to be effectively achieved and programmed, to identify best practices and lessons learned from a suite of disaster scenarios, requires a structured and programmed approach