cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Zwischen Universalismus und Relativismus - Gedanken zu einem interkulturellen Dialog mit China
Creators: name: Pohl, Karl-Heinz
Publisher: name: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia
Year: 2021

description: The contrary positions of China and the West concerning some of the most heatedly debated issues in the arena of international politics - human rights and democracy - can be characterized as relativistic vs. universalistic. This essay argues that these issues should not be seen from an ideological but from a historical perspective. It should be kept in mind that the present manifestations of cultures are a result of ongoing evolutionary processes of both intracultural discourses as well as intercultural exchange and assimilation. An intercultural dialogue between China and the West should be build on 1) sensitivity to other historical experiences, 2) acquisition of a core knowledge about the philosophical/religious roots of other cultures, 3) discussion of similarities and differences in the respective cultural traditions, and 4) openness and readiness to learn from one another. Hence, dialogue should not be seen as a way to lecture the partner in a student-teacher relationship but - with a hermeneutic intention - as a means to be informed by and about the other, thus leading to a process of mutual learning and to a change of views of both sides.
description: ASIEN: The German Journal on Contemporary Asia, Nr. 71 (1999): ASIEN (April)
Spitz tumours reveal distinctive kinetics, VEGF-C and microvessel profiles by topographic compartments
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: Blanes, Alfredo
name: L Pozo-Garcia
name: E Husain
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Cancer

description: The bases of the cell kinetics and microvessel profiles in Spitz tumours (ST) are poorly understood. No study has correlated cell kinetics, microvessel profile, and VEGF-C expression by topographic compartments in ST to date. We selected 42 ST, 42 malignant melanomas (MM) of which 15 were in the radial growth phase (RGP) and 27 in the vertical growth phase (VGP), and 35 conventional melanocytic naevi (15 junctional, 20 compound); the latter two groups were used as controls. Immunostaining for Ki-67 and vascular endothe- lial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), and in situ end labelling (ISEL) of DNA fragments (using the Klenow fragment of DNA poly- merase I) were scored according to topographic compart- ments: junctional, superficial dermal (above 0Æ76 mm) and deep dermal (below 0Æ76 mm), screening the whole com- partment in each case. Appropriate controls were run in each sample. CD-31-stained slides were used to estimate microves- sel density. The results were compared statistically using ana- lysis of variance and Student t-test, and considered significantly different if P < 0Æ05. A superficial-to-deep gradi- ent was maintained for Ki-67 in all lesions, but was signifi- cantly higher in MM. From junctional to deep dermal compartments, ST showed a progressive and statistically signi- ficant increase of ISEL indices (4Æ38%, 4Æ73%, 8Æ35%) and microvessel density (4Æ38, 4Æ39, 7Æ41 vessels HPF–1). VEGF-C expression by compartments appears in the Table 1. In conclusion, the local VEGF-C expression in ST is directly correla- ted with the microvessel density and apoptosis index and inversely correlated with the proliferation index, suggesting that this distinctive blood vessel pattern is reactive to regres- sive cellular changes rather than an element of melanocytic lesion progression.
Rotating spintronic terahertz emitter optimized for microjoule pump-pulse energies and megahertz repetition rates
Creators: name: Vaitsi, Alkisti
name: Sleziona, Vivien
name: López, Luis E. Parra
name: Behovits, Yannic
name: Schulz, Fabian
name: Sabanés, Natalia Martín
name: Kampfrath, Tobias
name: Wolf, Martin
name: Seifert, Tom S.
name: Müller, Melanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spintronic terahertz emitters (STEs) are powerful sources of ultra-broadband single-cycle terahertz (THz) field transients. They work with any pump wavelength, and their polarity and polarization direction are easily adjustable. However, at high pump powers and high repetition rates, STE operation is hampered by a significant increase in the local temperature. Here, we resolve this issue by rotating the STE at a few 100 Hz, thereby distributing the absorbed pump power over a larger area. Our approach permits stable STE operation at a fluence of ~1 mJ/cm$^2$ with up to 18 W pump power at megahertz repetition rates, corresponding to pump-pulse energies of a few 10 $μ$J and a power density far above the melting threshold of metallic films. The rotating STE is of interest for all ultra-broadband high-power THz applications requiring high repetition rates. As an example, we show that THz pulses with peak fields of 10 kV/cm can be coupled to a THz-lightwave-driven scanning tunneling microscope at 1 MHz repetition rate, demonstrating that the rotating STE can compete with standard THz sources such as LiNbO$_3$.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, supplementary material included
Deep apoptosis down-regulation is the kinetic hallmark of cutaneous Merkel cell carcinomas
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: Blanes, Alfredo
name: L Pozo-Garcia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Cancer

description: Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) are unusual cutaneous neuro- endocrine neoplasms with high cellular turnover and hetero- geneous histology (large to small cell type, sometimes associated with differentiated components, in particular, squa- mous cell carcinoma). Although the knowledge of cell kinetics in these neoplasms can help us to design better therapeutic protocols, no detailed analysis of cell kinetics (proliferation and apoptosis) by topographic compartments has been avail- able to date. MCCs included in this series were required to express at least one epithelial and two neural markers from a panel including the cytokeratin cocktail AE1–AE3, cytokeratin 20, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, neurofilament protein, and neuron-specific enolase, along with consistent ultrastruc- tural findings. We selected 21 MCCs of the small cell type with no differentiated component to evaluate mitotic figure (MF) counting, Ki-67 index, and apoptosis index based on the in situ end labelling (ISEL) of fragmented DNA using digoxi- genin-labelled dUTP and Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment). At least 50 high-power fields were screened per topographic compartment (superficial or papil- lary dermis, and deep or reticular dermis), recording the aver- age and standard deviation for each variable. Variables were statistically compared in each tumour compartment using ana- lysis of variance and Student t-test (significant if P < 0Æ05 in two-tailed distributions), and the correlation coefficient calcu- lated for proliferation-apoptosis in each compartment. MCCs revealed high cell density (over 425 cell HPF–1) and no statis- tical differences for the proliferation markers by topographic compartments (superficial 10Æ10 ± 1Æ99%, deep 10Æ90 ± 2Æ53%). Apoptosis showed significantly lower values in the deep compartment (superficial 1Æ84 ± 0Æ80%, deep 1Æ16 ± 0Æ62%, P 1⁄4 0Æ005). Proliferation and apoptosis were correla- ted in the superficial compartment only (R2 1⁄4 0Æ89). In con- clusion, homogeneously distributed high proliferation defines MCCs. Apoptosis follows the distribution pattern of prolifer- ation in superficial compartments, whereas in deep compart- ments apoptosis is down-regulated, is less variable and is independent of proliferation. These features should be consid- ered when designing any effective treatment.
Distillation Matters: Empowering Sequential Recommenders to Match the Performance of Large Language Model
Creators: name: Cui, Yu
name: Liu, Feng
name: Wang, Pengbo
name: Wang, Bohao
name: Tang, Heng
name: Wan, Yi
name: Wang, Jun
name: Chen, Jiawei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Owing to their powerful semantic reasoning capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been effectively utilized as recommenders, achieving impressive performance. However, the high inference latency of LLMs significantly restricts their practical deployment. To address this issue, this work investigates knowledge distillation from cumbersome LLM-based recommendation models to lightweight conventional sequential models. It encounters three challenges: 1) the teacher's knowledge may not always be reliable; 2) the capacity gap between the teacher and student makes it difficult for the student to assimilate the teacher's knowledge; 3) divergence in semantic space poses a challenge to distill the knowledge from embeddings. To tackle these challenges, this work proposes a novel distillation strategy, DLLM2Rec, specifically tailored for knowledge distillation from LLM-based recommendation models to conventional sequential models. DLLM2Rec comprises: 1) Importance-aware ranking distillation, which filters reliable and student-friendly knowledge by weighting instances according to teacher confidence and student-teacher consistency; 2) Collaborative embedding distillation integrates knowledge from teacher embeddings with collaborative signals mined from the data. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DLLM2Rec, boosting three typical sequential models with an average improvement of 47.97%, even enabling them to surpass LLM-based recommenders in some cases.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Beyond Orientalism
Creators: name: Clarke, J.J.
Publisher: name: Asien
Year: 2021

description: In a post-colonial, postmodern world, what is the intellectual ground on which Asia and Europe can meet and communicate? Historically the meeting place between East and West has often been a place of fantasies, mutual misunderstandings and projections. Have we now at last dispelled the illusions and stereotypes of a previous age? Do we now stand within the global clearing of a single world - beyond orientalism? What can we hope to gain from the meeting of Asia and Europe on this newly cleared ground? The multicultural, globalising conditions which prevail at the close of the century make urgent the need to address these questions, and I argue for a diligent cross-cultural inquiry and educational strategy which is based on the ideals of interactive pluralism which both respects traditional loyalties and identities, yet which is able to set them in creative, agonistic interaction with each other.
description: Asien, Nr. 71 (1999): ASIEN (April)
Diets and selected lifestyle practices of self-defined adult vegetarians from a population-based sample suggest they are more 'health conscious'
Creators: name: Bedford, Jennifer L.
name: Barr, Susan I.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Few population-based studies of vegetarians have been published. Thus we compared self-reported vegetarians to non-vegetarians in a representative sample of British Columbia (BC) adults, weighted to reflect the BC population. Methods: Questionnaires, 24-hr recalls and anthropometric measures were completed during in-person interviews with 1817 community-dwelling residents, 19–84 years, recruited using a population-based health registry. Vegetarian status was self-defined. ANOVA with age as a covariate was used to analyze continuous variables, and chi-square was used for categorical variables. Supplement intakes were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Approximately 6% (n = 106) stated that they were vegetarian, and most did not adhere rigidly to a flesh-free diet. Vegetarians were more likely female (71% vs. 49%), single, of low-income status, and tended to be younger. Female vegetarians had lower BMI than non-vegetarians (23.1 ± 0.7 (mean ± SE) vs. 25.7 ± 0.2 kg/m2), and also had lower waist circumference (75.0 ± 1.5 vs. 79.8 ± 0.5 cm). Male vegetarians and non-vegetarians had similar BMI (25.9 ± 0.8 vs. 26.7 ± 0.2 kg/m2) and waist circumference (92.5 ± 2.3 vs. 91.7 ± 0.4 cm). Female vegetarians were more physically active (69% vs. 42% active ≥4/wk) while male vegetarians were more likely to use nutritive supplements (71% vs. 51%). Energy intakes were similar, but vegetarians reported higher % energy as carbohydrate (56% vs. 50%), and lower % protein (men only; 13% vs. 17%) or % fat (women only; 27% vs. 33%). Vegetarians had higher fiber, magnesium and potassium intakes. For several other nutrients, differences by vegetarian status differed by gender. The prevalence of inadequate magnesium intake (% below Estimated Average Requirement) was lower in vegetarians than non-vegetarians (15% vs. 34%). Female vegetarians also had a lower prevalence of inadequate thiamin, folate, vitamin B6 and C intakes. Vegetarians were more likely than non-vegetarians to consider various health conditions and food/nutrition concerns when choosing foods. Conclusion: In this population-based study, evidence was obtained to indicate that vegetarians appear more 'health conscious' than non-vegetarians, although specific differences were not always consistent by gender. Additional population-based studies are required to determine if the observed gender differences exist in other populations.
Bayesian Optimization with LLM-Based Acquisition Functions for Natural Language Preference Elicitation
Creators: name: Austin, David Eric
name: Korikov, Anton
name: Toroghi, Armin
name: Sanner, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Designing preference elicitation (PE) methodologies that can quickly ascertain a user's top item preferences in a cold-start setting is a key challenge for building effective and personalized conversational recommendation (ConvRec) systems. While large language models (LLMs) enable fully natural language (NL) PE dialogues, we hypothesize that monolithic LLM NL-PE approaches lack the multi-turn, decision-theoretic reasoning required to effectively balance the exploration and exploitation of user preferences towards an arbitrary item set. In contrast, traditional Bayesian optimization PE methods define theoretically optimal PE strategies, but cannot generate arbitrary NL queries or reason over content in NL item descriptions -- requiring users to express preferences via ratings or comparisons of unfamiliar items. To overcome the limitations of both approaches, we formulate NL-PE in a Bayesian Optimization (BO) framework that seeks to actively elicit NL feedback to identify the best recommendation. Key challenges in generalizing BO to deal with natural language feedback include determining: (a) how to leverage LLMs to model the likelihood of NL preference feedback as a function of item utilities, and (b) how to design an acquisition function for NL BO that can elicit preferences in the infinite space of language. We demonstrate our framework in a novel NL-PE algorithm, PEBOL, which uses: 1) Natural Language Inference (NLI) between user preference utterances and NL item descriptions to maintain Bayesian preference beliefs, and 2) BO strategies such as Thompson Sampling (TS) and Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) to steer LLM query generation. We numerically evaluate our methods in controlled simulations, finding that after 10 turns of dialogue, PEBOL can achieve an MRR@10 of up to 0.27 compared to the best monolithic LLM baseline's MRR@10 of 0.17, despite relying on earlier and smaller LLMs.
biancasama/ants-review-design: Post-hackathon release
Creators: name: Trovò, Bianca
name: Massari, Nazzareno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Blockchain
Hackathon
Ethereum
Open Science
Peer-review

description: Presentation and design of dapp submitted to the ETHTurin 2020 hackathon.
description: Github repository
Trichogerminoma: further evidence to support a specific follicular neoplasm
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: L Pozo-Garcia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Medicine
Cancer

description: A 74-year-old woman had developed a slowly growing lesion on the face over a period of 18 months, which became ulcerated and was excised with a clinical diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. Histological examination revealed a well-circum- scribed lesion invading the deep dermis, not connected with the superficial epidermis, and separated from the surrounding soft tissue by a thick capsule (Figure 1A). Perineural invasion but no vascular or lymphatic invasion was demonstrated at the periphery of the tumour. The intratumoral stroma showed hyalinized collagen and a focal desmoplastic reaction. Numerous trichilemmal-type keratinous microcysts were also identified throughout the neoplasm (Figure 1B). Cen- tral tumour cell necrosis resulted in a pseudopapillary growth pattern (Figure 1A), whereas viable tumour showed primitive cytological features with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and frequent mitotic figures (10–15 per 10 high-power fields), along with scattered catagen-like apoptotic bodies (Figure 1C). Conclusion: The diagnosis of pilar skin neoplasms requires the systematic evaluation of criteria of malig- nancy (infiltration, necrosis, and atypical cytology) and features of pilar differentiation (the presence of kerat- inous microcysts and ⁄ or cell ‘balls’, catagen-like apop- totic bodies, and eosinophilic and clear cytoplasmic changes, periepithelial stromal changes, and the colonization of the epithelial nests by dendritic melano- cytes). The presence of primitive cells in pilar neo- plasms (trichoblastoma and trichogerminoma) is not indicative of malignancy, especially for well-circum- scribed lesions.
Single-layer tensor network approach for three-dimensional quantum systems
Creators: name: Lukin, Illia
name: Sotnikov, Andrii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculation of observables with three-dimensional projected entangled pair states is generally hard, as it requires a contraction of complex multi-layer tensor networks. We utilize the multi-layer structure of these tensor networks to largely simplify the contraction. The proposed approach involves the usage of the layer structure both to simplify the search for the boundary projected entangled pair states and the single-layer mapping of the final corner transfer matrix renormalization group contraction. We benchmark our results on the cubic lattice Heisenberg model, reaching the bond dimension D = 7, and find a good agreement with the previous results.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, final version
Reentrant Localization Transitions in a Topological Anderson Insulator: A Study of a Generalized Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Quasicrystal
Creators: name: Lu, Zhanpeng
name: Zhang, Yunbo
name: Xu, Zhihao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the topology and localization properties of a generalized Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model with a quasi-periodic modulated hopping. It is found that the interplay of off-diagonal quasi-periodic modulations can induce topological Anderson insulator (TAI) phases and reentrant topological Anderson insulator (RTAI), and the topological phase boundaries can be uncovered by the divergence of the localization length of the zero-energy mode. In contrast to the conventional case that the TAI regime emerges in a finite range with the increase of disorder, the TAI and RTAI are robust against arbitrary modulation amplitude for our system. Furthermore, we find that the TAI and RTAI can induce the emergence of reentrant localization transitions. Such an interesting connection between the reentrant localization transition and the TAI/RTAI can be detected from the wave-packet dynamics in cold atom systems by adopting the technique of momentum-lattice engineering.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures
Volume growth and positive scalar curvature
Creators: name: Wei, Guodong
name: Xu, Guoyi
name: Zhang, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For three dimensional complete, non-compact Riemannian manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature and uniformly positive scalar curvature, we obtain the sharp linear volume growth ratio and the corresponding rigidity.
description: submitted to some journal
Beam-induced backgrounds measured in the ATLAS detector during local gas injection into the LHC beam vacuum
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inelastic beam-gas collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), within a few hundred metres of the ATLAS experiment, are known to give the dominant contribution to beam backgrounds. These are monitored by ATLAS with a dedicated Beam Conditions Monitor (BCM) and with the rate of fake jets in the calorimeters. These two methods are complementary since the BCM probes backgrounds just around the beam pipe while fake jets are observed at radii of up to several metres. In order to quantify the correlation between the residual gas density in the LHC beam vacuum and the experimental backgrounds recorded by ATLAS, several dedicated tests were performed during LHC Run 2. Local pressure bumps, with a gas density several orders of magnitude higher than during normal operation, were introduced at different locations. The changes of beam-related backgrounds, seen in ATLAS, are correlated with the local pressure variation. In addition the rates of beam-gas events are estimated from the pressure measurements and pressure bump profiles obtained from calculations. Using these rates, the efficiency of the ATLAS beam background monitors to detect beam-gas events is derived as a function of distance from the interaction point. These efficiencies and characteristic distributions of fake jets from the beam backgrounds are found to be in good agreement with results of beam-gas simulations performed with the FLUKA Monte Carlo programme.
description: 61 pages in total, author list starting page 44, 13 figures, 9 tables, JINST 19 (2024) P06014. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/DAPR-2021-02
Platelet-activating factor enhancement of calcium influx and interleukin-6 expression, but not production, in human microglia
Creators: name: Sattayaprasert, Prasongchai
name: Choi, Hyun B
name: Chongthammakun, Sukumal
name: McLarnon, James G
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Calcium-sensitive fluorescence microscopy and molecular biology analysis have been used to study the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i and IL-6 expression in human microglia. PAF (applied acutely at 100 nM) elicited a biphasic response in [Ca2+]i consisting of an initial rapid increase of [Ca2+]i due to release from internal stores, followed by a sustained influx. The latter phase of the [Ca2+]i increase was blocked by SKF96365, a non-selective store-operated channel (SOC) inhibitor. RT-PCR analysis showed PAF treatment of microglia induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in a time-dependent manner which was blocked in the presence of SKF96365. However, ELISA assay showed no production of IL-6 was elicited at any time point (1–24 h) for microglial exposures to PAF. These findings suggest that PAF stimulation of human microglia induces expression, but not production, of IL-6 and that SOC-mediated [Ca2+]i influx contributes to the enhanced expression of the cytokine.
Explore this case study collected by BioGov.net partners in Greece! This valuable resource provides a quick understanding of the amazing initiative of Ecumenical Workshops for Refugees.
Creators: name: LOBA - Customer Experience Design
name: Avans University of Applied Sciences
name: University of Bologna
name: FVA New Media Research (Italy)
name: Q PLAN International (Greece)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Explore this case study collected by BioGov.net partners in Greece! This valuable resource provides a quick and comprehensive understanding of the Vamvakies Social Green Project case study.
Quenches in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model
Creators: name: Erba, Vittorio
name: Behrens, Freya
name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Zdeborová, Lenka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model is a prototype of a complex non-convex energy landscape. Dynamical processes evolving on such landscapes and locally aiming to reach minima are generally poorly understood. Here, we study quenches, i.e. dynamics that locally aim to decrease energy. We analyse the energy at convergence for two distinct algorithmic classes, single-spin flip and synchronous dynamics, focusing on greedy and reluctant strategies. We provide precise numerical analysis of the finite size effects and conclude that, perhaps counter-intuitively, the reluctant algorithm is compatible with converging to the ground state energy density, while the greedy strategy is not. Inspired by the single-spin reluctant and greedy algorithms, we investigate two synchronous time algorithms, the sync-greedy and sync-reluctant algorithms. These synchronous processes can be analysed using dynamical mean field theory (DMFT), and a new backtracking version of DMFT. Notably, this is the first time the backtracking DMFT is applied to study dynamical convergence properties in fully connected disordered models. The analysis suggests that the sync-greedy algorithm can also achieve energies compatible with the ground state, and that it undergoes a dynamical phase transition.
Colonization of epithelial pilar neoplasms by melanocytes
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: L Pozo-Garcia
name: Z Aly
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Cancer

description: We retrieved 50 cutaneous epithelial pilar neoplasms from The Royal London Hospital archives (1980–2003), 46 benign (39 trichoepitheliomas ⁄ seven trichoblastomas) and four malignant (trichilemmal carcinomas). The pilar differ- entiation criteria included organoid, lobular or folli- culo-centric growth pattern, few or no connections with the epidermis, keratinous microcysts and ‘cell balls’, hyalinized stroma and catagen-like apoptotic bodies.1,2 Malignancy criteria included infiltrative margins, nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis and mitotic figures including atypical ones.1,2 Two haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) levels were reviewed by two histo- pathologists (Z.A. and S.D-C.) to systematically assess growth pattern, catagen-like apoptotic bodies, dual cell population, pigment, stromal reaction (myxoid, lamel- lar fibrosis, hyalinization), calcification, nuclear fea- tures, mitotic figures ⁄ 10 high-power fields (equivalent to 1.52 mm2), and immunostaining for CD34, S100 and HMB-45. As controls, adnexal neoplasms (eight sebaceous adenomas, two sebaceous carcinomas, seven poromas ⁄ nodular hidradenomas, three porocarcinomas ⁄ hidradenocarcinomas) were identified according to standard criteria.2 Basal cell carcinomas (n 1⁄4 10) were also included in the control group because they are frequently considered in the differential diagnosis. Conclusion: Melanocytes are invariably found within the epithelial nests of CEPN (both benign and malignant) and can be used along with the presence of CD34+ stromal induction as clues for pilar differenti- ation, in the absence of epithelial cell melanin during routine histological examination.
Deep-learning design of graphene metasurfaces for quantum control and Dirac electron holography
Creators: name: Han, Chen-Di
name: Ye, Li-Li
name: Lin, Zin
name: Kovanis, Vassilios
name: Lai, Ying-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metasurfaces are sub-wavelength patterned layers for controlling waves in physical systems. In optics, meta-surfaces are created by materials with different dielectric constants and are capable of unconventional functionalities. We develop a deep-learning framework for Dirac-material metasurface design for controlling electronic waves. The metasurface is a configuration of circular graphene quantum dots, each created by an electric potential. Employing deep convolutional neural networks, we show that the original scattering wave can be reconstructed with fidelity over 95$\%$, suggesting the feasibility of Dirac electron holography. Additional applications such as plane wave generation, designing broadband, and multi-functionality graphene metasurface systems are illustrated.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Observation Routes and External Watchman Routes
Creators: name: Dumitrescu, Adrian
name: Tóth, Csaba D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce the Observation Route Problem ($\textsf{ORP}$) defined as follows: Given a set of $n$ pairwise disjoint compact regions in the plane, find a shortest tour (route) such that an observer walking along this tour can see (observe) some point in each region from some point of the tour. The observer does \emph{not} need to see the entire boundary of an object. The tour is \emph{not} allowed to intersect the interior of any region (i.e., the regions are obstacles and therefore out of bounds). The problem exhibits similarity to both the Traveling Salesman Problem with Neighborhoods ($\textsf{TSPN}$) and the External Watchman Route Problem ($\textsf{EWRP}$). We distinguish two variants: the range of visibility is either limited to a bounding rectangle, or unlimited. We obtain the following results:
 (I) Given a family of $n$ disjoint convex bodies in the plane, computing a shortest observation route does not admit a $(c\log n)$-approximation unless $\textsf{P} = \textsf{NP}$ for an absolute constant $c>0$. (This holds for both limited and unlimited vision.)
 (II) Given a family of disjoint convex bodies in the plane, computing a shortest external watchman route is $\textsf{NP}$-hard. (This holds for both limited and unlimited vision; and even for families of axis-aligned squares.)
 (III) Given a family of $n$ disjoint fat convex polygons, an observation tour whose length is at most $O(\log{n})$ times the optimal can be computed in polynomial time. (This holds for limited vision.)
 (IV) For every $n \geq 5$, there exists a convex polygon with $n$ sides and all angles obtuse such that its perimeter is \emph{not} a shortest external watchman route. This refutes a conjecture by Absar and Whitesides (2006).
description: 20 pages, 11 figures. (A 15-page extended abstract of this paper will appear in the proceedings of WADS 2023.)
A study of the causes of variation of the sound insulation properties of party floors in newly converted dwellings
Creators: name: Peyvandi, A.
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 1992

description: A study of the causes of the variation of sound insulation properties of party floors in newly converted dwellings by: Ali Peyvandi 
This thesis presents results of a detailed investigation of the various methods of sound insulation employed in newly converted dwellings. It puts forward suggest reasons for the overall poor performance of the different techniques used and examines and reports on the performance of new methods of insulation designed to overcome the present problems and provide better sound barriers. It reports an investigation into the reasons for the wide variations in the sound insulation performance of notionally identical structures looking at the effects of poor workmanship, flanking transmission and the size of the rooms on the sound insulation tests used. The experimental approach is supported by a theoretical study of the effect of small rooms on field measurements. A new theoretical model is presented which has been developed to explain certain aspects of sound transmission through holes in floors and ceilings, and which is seen to be in reasonable accord with the experimental findings. 
A technique is described for determining the contribution of flanking transmission in a dwelling by a simple and direct method. The technique is applied to the test facil Ity.and=jt: is=.shown that if. the test facility is reasonably representative of conversions, then the allowance for flanking in the Building Regulation (1990) may be in the low side.
Improving the temporal resolution of event-based electron detectors using neural network cluster analysis
Creators: name: Schröder, Alexander
name: van Velzen, Leon
name: Kelder, Maurits
name: Schäfer, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Novel event-based electron detector platforms provide an avenue to extend the temporal resolution of electron microscopy into the ultrafast domain. Here, we characterize the timing accuracy of a detector based on a TimePix3 architecture using femtosecond electron pulse trains as a reference. With a large dataset of event clusters triggered by individual incident electrons, a neural network is trained to predict the electron arrival time. Corrected timings of event clusters show a temporal resolution of 2 ns, a 1.6-fold improvement over cluster-averaged timings. This method is applicable to other fast electron detectors down to sub-nanosecond temporal resolutions, offering a promising solution to enhance the precision of electron timing for various electron microscopy applications.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Unveiling the Structure of Hidden-Bottom Strange Pentaquarks via Magnetic Moments
Creators: name: Mutuk, Halil
name: Kang, Xian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the discovery of hidden-charm strange pentaquarks, we conduct a systematic study of the magnetic moments of the hidden-bottom strange pentaquarks in molecular picture. We calculate magnetic moments of hidden-bottom strange pentaquarks with strangeness-1 and 2. Magnetic moment gives valuable information about the inner structure and shape of the hadron. The obtained results may be helpful to determine the inner structure of these new yet hypothetical states.
description: 8 pages, III tables, Accepted in PLB
Investigation of factors responsible for cell line cytoplasmic expression differences
Creators: name: Finn, Jonathan D
name: Wong, Tabitha
name: Cullis, Pieter R
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Previous work has described a novel cytoplasmic expression system that results in a 20-fold increase in the levels of gene expression over a standard CMV-based nuclear expression system, as compared with a 2–3 fold increase seen with previous similar systems. While this increase was seen with BHK and Neuro-2a cells, further studies revealed that some cell lines, such as COS-7, demonstrated relatively poor levels of cytoplasmic expression. The objective of this study was to determine what factors were responsible for the different expression levels between BHK (a high expressing cell line) and COS-7 (a low expressing cell line). Results: The main findings of this work are that the individual elements of the cytoplasmic expression system (such as the T7 RNAP gene and Internal Ribosome Entry Sequence) are functioning similarly in both cell types. Both cell types were found to have the same amount of cytosolic nuclease activity, and that the cells appeared to have differences in the intra-cellular processing of DNA -cationic lipid complexes. Conclusion: After exploring many factors, it was found that differences in the intra-cellular processing of the DNA-cationic lipid complex was the most probable factor responsible for the difference in cytoplasmic gene expression.
WAYS TO LEARN TO WRITE YOUR MOTHER TONGUE BEAUTIFULLY
Creators: name: Tursunkulova, Ugiloy
name: Yuldashev, Farrukh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article deals with different methodologies of mother tongue teaching in elementary grades. The type and content of native language classes in elementary grades, the development of oral and written speech, the formation of basic scientific theoretical knowledge, and the teaching of literary language standards are discussed.
Magnetization dynamics in skyrmions due to high-speed carrier injections from Dirac half-metals
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Satadeep
name: Lee, Seung-Cheol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments in the magnetization dynamics in spin textures, particularly skyrmions, offer promising new directions for magnetic storage technologies and spintronics. Skyrmions, characterized by their topological protection and efficient mobility at low current density, are increasingly recognized for their potential applications in next-generation logic and memory devices. This study investigates the dynamics of skyrmion magnetization, focusing on the manipulation of their topological states as a basis for bitwise data storage through a modified Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (LLG). We introduce spin-polarized electrons from a topological ferromagnet that induce an electric dipole moment that interacts with the electric gauge field within the skyrmion domain. This interaction creates an effective magnetic field that results in a torque that can dynamically change the topological state of the skyrmion. In particular, we show that these torques can selectively destroy and create skyrmions, effectively writing and erasing bits, highlighting the potential of using controlled electron injection for robust and scalable skyrmion-based data storage solutions.
Learning Regionalization using Accurate Spatial Cost Gradients within a Differentiable High-Resolution Hydrological Model: Application to the French Mediterranean Region
Creators: name: Huynh, Ngo Nghi Truyen
name: Garambois, Pierre-André
name: Colleoni, François
name: Renard, Benjamin
name: Roux, Hélène
name: Demargne, Julie
name: Jay-Allemand, Maxime
name: Javelle, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Estimating spatially distributed hydrological parameters in ungauged catchments poses a challenging regionalization problem and requires imposing spatial constraints given the sparsity of discharge data. A possible approach is to search for a transfer function that quantitatively relates physical descriptors to conceptual model parameters. This paper introduces a Hybrid Data Assimilation and Parameter Regionalization (HDA-PR) approach incorporating learnable regionalization mappings, based on either multi-linear regressions or artificial neural networks (ANNs), into a differentiable hydrological model. This approach demonstrates how two differentiable codes can be linked and their gradients chained, enabling the exploitation of heterogeneous datasets across extensive spatio-temporal computational domains within a high-dimensional regionalization context, using accurate adjoint-based gradients. The inverse problem is tackled with a multi-gauge calibration cost function accounting for information from multiple observation sites. HDA-PR was tested on high-resolution, hourly and kilometric regional modeling of 126 flash-flood-prone catchments in the French Mediterranean region. The results highlight a strong regionalization performance of HDA-PR especially in the most challenging upstream-to-downstream extrapolation scenario with ANN, achieving median Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) scores from 0.6 to 0.71 for spatial, temporal, spatio-temporal validations, and improving NSE by up to 30% on average compared to the baseline model calibrated with lumped parameters. ANN enables to learn a non-linear descriptors-to-parameters mapping which provides better model controllability than a linear mapping for complex calibration cases.
Topographic molecular profile of pheochromocytomas: role of somatic down-regulation of mismatch repair
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: Blanes, Alfredo
name: Sanchez-Carrillo, Juan J
name: Blanes, Alfredo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Despite extensive molecular investigation of adrenal pheochromocytomas, no information is available on their molecular and mismatch repair (MMR) profiles by topographic compartments.
 Microdissected samples from the peripheral and internal zones of 143 pheochromocytomas from a referral hospital (95 sporadic and 48 associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A) were selected for loss of heterozygosity and single nucleotide polymorphism analyses. Five polymorphic DNA regions from TP53, RB1, WT1, and NF1 were systematically studied by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. PATIENTS, OUTCOME MEASURES, AND INTERVENTIONS: Pheochromocytomas were classified as malignant (16 sporadic tumors with distant metastases), locally invasive (30 sporadic tumors showing retroperitoneal infiltration only), and benign (all remaining tumors). Statistical differences were evaluated using Fisher's exact test. MMR was assessed by MLH1/MSH2 sequencing and immunostaining in pheochromocytomas with two or more abnormal microsatellites. No interventions were performed in this study.
 Loss of heterozygosity/single nucleotide polymorphism involved TP53 in 40 of 134 informative cases (29.9%), RB1 in 22 of 106 informative cases (20.8%), WT1 in 32 of 120 informative cases (26.7%), and NF1 in 32 of 80 informative cases (40.0%). More genetic abnormalities involving the peripheral compartment were revealed in 34 pheochromocytomas (23.8%): 12 of 16 malignant, 10 of 30 locally invasive, and 12 of 97 benign. Multiple and coexistent genetic abnormalities characterized malignant pheochromocytomas (P < 0.001), whereas locally invasive pheochromocytomas showed a significantly higher incidence of NF1 alterations (P < 0.001). No mutations were identified in MLH1/MSH2, but MMR proteins significantly decreased in peripheral compartments.
 Multiple microsatellite alterations and topographic intratumor heterogeneity characterize malignant pheochromocytomas, suggesting a multistep tumorigenesis through somatic topographic down-regulation of MMR proteins. Locally invasive pheochromocytomas reveal topographic heterogeneity and single-locus microsatellite alterations, especially involving NF1.
Axillary sinuses and cervical swellings
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
name: S Flann
name: E Higgins
name: D Creamer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine

description: • Scrofuloderma is a rare presentation of cutane- ous tuberculosis in the UK. • Scrofuloderma presents typically as a dischar- ging sinus over significant cervical lymphadenop- athy. • Scrofuloderma is caused by contiguous spread of TB infection from underlying tissue through the overlying subcutis and skin. It is important to consider tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions, as tuberculosis prevalence is increas- ing due to its association with HIV infection and also increased immigration from countries where tuberculosis is common. • The management of scrofuloderma is medical, with some evidence for the role of surgery in recalcitrant cases.
Re: Pomerance et al. High-level expression, activation, and subcellular localization of p38-MAP kinase in thyroid neoplasms. J Pathol 2006; 209: 298-306
Creators: name: Diaz-Cano, Salvador J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2012
Subjects: Molecular Biology
Medicine
Cell Biology
Cancer

description: The neoplastic transformation of follicular thyroid cells essentially transmits signals to the mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways [1 – 3], which result in the activation of signal transduction cascades (JNK1, ERKs, and p38 kinases) [4,5]. The cascade end points include the MAPK-activated pro- tein kinases and some of the numerous transcrip- tion factors that regulate apoptosis, inflammation, cell growth, and differentiation. The role of p38-MAPK has been recently emphasized in cell line studies from follicular thyroid neoplasms [3,6]. Our findings confirm the prominent role of p38- MAPKs in inflammation, immune activation, and apoptosis, and provide additional support to those recently reported [3,6]. It is also worth remembering that the activation mechanisms would include phos- phorylation and protein accumulation due to a deficient degradation system (down-regulation of ubiquityla- tion) [8].
NPO: Q&A's
Creators: name: Driessen, Geert
Publisher: name: Didactief
Year: 2021
Subjects: NPO
evidence-based
onderwijsachterstanden

description: OCW publiceerde vlak voor de verkiezingen het Nationaal Programma Onderwijs (NPO), een bijzonder ambitieus reparatieprogramma met navenant budget (8,5 miljard euro), bedoeld om de door corona opgelopen onderwijsachterstanden weg te werken. Bij nader inzien is het NPO behoorlijk ondoordacht, volgens Geert Driessen.
Critical exponents of correlated percolation of sites not visited by a random walk
Creators: name: Levi, Raz Halifa
name: Kantor, Yacov
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a $d$-dimensional correlated percolation problem of sites {\em not} visited by a random walk on a hypercubic lattice $L^d$ for $d=3$, 4 and 5. The length of the random walk is ${\cal N}=uL^d$. Close to the critical value $u=u_c$, many geometrical properties of the problem can be described as powers (critical exponents) of $u_c-u$, such as $β$, which controls the strength of the spanning cluster, and $γ$, which characterizes the behavior of the mean finite cluster size $S$. We show that at $u_c$ the ratio between the mean mass of the largest cluster $M_1$ and the mass of the second largest cluster $M_2$ is independent of $L$ and can be used to find $u_c$. We calculate $β$ from the $L$-dependence of $M_2$ and $γ$ from the finite size scaling of $S$. The resulting exponent $β$ remains close to 1 in all dimensions. The exponent $γ$ decreases from $\approx 3.9$ in $d=3$ to $\approx1.9$ in $d=4$ and $\approx 1.3$ in $d=5$ towards $γ=1$ expected in $d=6$, which is close to $γ=4/(d-2)$.
description: LaTeX, 8 figures, 9 pages