cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Second-order symmetric Lorentzian manifolds
Creators: name: Senovilla, José M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53B30, 53B20, 53C50, 53Z05

description: Lorentzian manifolds with vanishing second covariant derivative of the Riemann tensor are studied. Their existence, classification and explicit local expression are considered. Related issues and open questions are briefly commented.
description: 8 pages, Contribution to the Proceedings of the XXVIII Spanish Relativity Meeting, E.R.E.2005 (Oviedo, Spain, 2005)
Graph-based and alignment-free analysis of bacterial pangenomes
Creators: name: Horsfield, Samuel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: The collective genetic content of a population, defined as its ‘pangenome’, is much greater than that of a single genome for many bacterial species. Over the last two decades, work has focused on how best to represent pangenomes, enabling characterisation of the evolutionary forces driving their formation and maintenance. In this thesis, I explore the applications of two approaches to representing pangenomes, graph-based and alignment-free methods, to improve the accuracy and computational efficiency of conventional bioinformatics practices. Firstly, I developed a graph-based bacterial gene prediction and annotation tool, ggCaller, to address inconsistency and computational redundancy issues occurring when annotating genomes individually. I detail ggCaller development, benchmarking it on simulated and real bacterial genome datasets. I show that ggCaller improves both accuracy and runtime of pangenome analysis against current state-of-the-art tools. Secondly, I explored the application of Nanopore Adaptive Sampling (NAS), a read-alignment method for targeted DNA enrichment, to studying pangenome diversity within mixed samples. I show NAS performs poorly when closely-related contaminant DNA is present in a sample, remedied by targeting structurally-diverse species-specific loci. I then developed a graph-based alignment-free method for read alignment, which improves NAS accuracy when targeting unobserved variants of structurally-diverse loci. Finally, I developed approaches for modelling pangenome evolution using the alignment-free method, PopPUNK. PopPUNK estimates genome similarity using sequence matching, which is highly scalable and insensitive to gene prediction errors, improving upon conventional genebased modelling approaches. I show that PopPUNK data can distinguish species with distinct population structures, and benchmark analytical and simulation-based methods which enable study of evolutionary forces acting upon pangenomes. This work provides the research community with publicly available high-accuracy tools for pangenome analysis. It also highlights the benefits and challenges of graph-based and alignment-free methods, which have the computational efficiency necessary to study pangenome diversity in huge genome datasets.
$α$- and $β$- Relaxation Dynamics of a fragile plastic crystal
Creators: name: Pardo, L. C.
name: Lunkenheimer, P.
name: Loidl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a thorough dielectric investigation of the relaxation dynamics of plastic crystalline Freon112, which exhibits freezing of the orientational degrees of freedom into a glassy crystal below 90 K. Among other plastic crystals, Freon112 stands out by being relatively fragile within Angell's classification scheme and by showing an unusually strong $β$-relaxation. Comparing the results to those on Freon112a, having only a single molecular conformation, points to the importance of the presence of two molecular conformations in Freon112 for the explanation of its unusual properties.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
POTENTIAL ROLE OF NON-AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT: A REPORT ON FOCUS GROUP STUDIES CONDUCTED IN RURAL NORTH DAKOTA
Creators: name: Bhuyan, Sanjib
name: Olson, Frayne E.
name: Bhuyan, Sanjib
name: Olson, Frayne E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: non-agricultural cooperatives
subject: rural development strategies
subject: focus group

description: Focus group discussions were conducted in April 1997 in two rural North Dakota counties to examine whether the problem of inadequate or missing goods and services in those areas can be solved by using the cooperative business approach. An earlier study (Bhuyan, 1996a) has shown that many rural North Dakota communities lack essential goods and services, such as supermarket or grocery stores, clothing stores, drug stores, bank/credit facilities, and ambulance or fire-services. Focus group participants corroborated those earlier findings at the local level. It was also found that the rural residents were not fully aware of the potential role of cooperatives in the non-agricultural sectors as a means to provide inadequate or missing goods and services. Participants demonstrated motivation for follow-up action.
Nested complexes and their polyhedral realizations
Creators: name: Zelevinsky, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B

description: This note which can be viewed as a complement to Alex Postnikov's paper math.CO/0507163, presents a self-contained overview of basic properties of nested complexes and their two dual polyhedral realizations: as complete simplicial fans, and as simple polytopes. Most of the results are not new; our aim is to bring into focus a striking similarity between nested complexes and associated fans and polytopes on one side, and cluster complexes and generalized associahedra introduced and studied in hep-th/0111053, math.CO/0202004, on the other side.
description: v2: 14 pages, 1 figure; historical account in the introduction modified, Section 5 reorganized, Corollary 5.2 supplied with a self-contained proof; v3: minor editorial changes, Proposition 7.2 supplied with a proof; v4: a few typos fixed, one reference updated, final version, to appear in Pure and Applied Mathematics Quarterly
International Cooperative, Inc.: The Evolution and Dissolution of a Potato Processing Cooperative
Creators: name: Pederson, Glenn D.
name: Scott, Donald F.
name: Pederson, Glenn D.
name: Scott, Donald F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This study was initiated to study the factors leading to formation and eventual sale of International Cooperative, Inc., a potato processing cooperative located at Grand Forks, North Dakota. The business, which began operation in the fall of 1976, developed from the desire of potato growers in the Red River Valley region of Minnesota, North Dakota, and Manitoba, Canada to maintain a local market for their potatoes. The cooperative was dissolved in June 1981 and the processing facility wac sold to a major potato processing firm.
gPAV-Based Unconditionally Energy-Stable Schemes for the Cahn-Hilliard Equation: Stability and Error Analysis
Creators: name: Qian, Yanxia
name: Yang, Zhiguo
name: Wang, Fei
name: Dong, Suchuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present several first-order and second-order numerical schemes for the Cahn-Hilliard equation with discrete unconditional energy stability. These schemes stem from the generalized Positive Auxiliary Variable (gPAV) idea, and require only the solution of linear algebraic systems with a constant coefficient matrix. More importantly, the computational complexity (operation count per time step) of these schemes is approximately a half of those of the gPAV and the scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) methods in previous works. We investigate the stability properties of the proposed schemes to establish stability bounds for the field function and the auxiliary variable, and also provide their error analyses. Numerical experiments are presented to verify the theoretical analyses and also demonstrate the stability of the schemes at large time step sizes.
description: 36 pages, 7 figures
Pyramidal Atoms: Berylliumlike Hollow States
Creators: name: Poulsen, Marianne Dahlerup
name: Madsen, Lars Bojer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the idea that four excited electrons arrange themselves around the nucleus in the corners of a pyramid in order to minimize their mutual repulsion, we present an analytical model of quadruply excited states. The model shows excellent comparison with ab initio results and provides a clear physical picture of the intrinsic motion of the four electrons. The model is used to predict configuration-mixing fractions and spectra of these highly correlated states.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Neutrino mixing in nuclear rapid neutron-capture processes
Creators: name: Saez, M. M.
name: Civitarese, O.
name: Mosquera, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A possible mechanism for the formation of heavy-mass elements in supernovae is the rapid neutron-capture-mechanism (r-process). It depends upon the electron-fraction $Y_e$, a quantity which is determined by beta-decay-rates. In this paper, we focus on the calculation of electroweak decay-rates in presence of massive neutrinos. The resulting expressions are then used to calculate nuclear reactions entering the rapid-neutron capture. We fix the astrophysical parameters to the case of a core-collapse supernova. The neutrino sector includes a mass scheme and mixing angles for active neutrinos, and also by including the mixing between active and sterile neutrinos. The results of the calculations show that the predicted abundances of heavy-mass nuclei are indeed affected by the neutrino mixing.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 7 of Chronological set of E. coli O157:H7 bovine strains establishes a role for repeat sequences and mobile genetic elements in genome diversification
Creators: name: Stanton, Eliot
name: Wahlig, Taylor A.
name: Dongjin Park
name: Kaspar, Charles W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Table S4. Location, classification, and predicted functions of genes in Φ804–9 and Φ804–10. Highlighted region is present in FRIK804 but absent in FRIK1275 and FRIK1625.
Polarity in DEA Models
Creators: name: Agrell, Per J.
name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Tind, Jorgen
name: Agrell, Per J.
name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Tind, Jorgen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Data Envelopment Analysis
subject: polarity

description: This article discusses models in data envelopment analysis (DEA) relaxing the standard convexity assumptions. The basic model treats mutually incomparable pairs of sets to be generated by a procedure proposed earlier. Each pair consists of a consumption set and a production set of feasible input-output combinations. Two fundamental operations by the procedure are based on intersection and convex hull generation in the input-output space. A polarity analysis is performed which, subject to the usual assumptions about free disposability and nonnegativity, appears fruitful to do in the framework of blocking and antiblocking sets. It is shown how this leads to an interchange of the above operations extending some classical results from convex analysis. The last part of the paper presents a pair of linear programming models calculating a Farrell productivity index based on a preceeding application of the procedure. This is a generalization of the classical linear programming models in DEA subject to standard assumptions about convexity.
Staggered Ladder Spectra
Creators: name: Arvedson, E.
name: Wilkinson, M.
name: Mehlig, B.
name: Nakamura, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exactly solve a Fokker-Planck equation by determining its eigenvalues and eigenfunctions: we construct nonlinear second-order differential operators which act as raising and lowering operators, generating ladder spectra for the odd and even parity states. These are staggered: the odd-even separation differs from even-odd. The Fokker-Planck equation describes, in the limit of weak damping, a generalised Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process where the random force depends upon position as well as time. Our exact solution exhibits anomalous diffusion at short times and a stationary non-Maxwellian momentum distribution.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Two new guaiane-type sesquiterpene glycosides from Atractylodes Japonica Koidz. ex Kitam
Creators: name: Zhou, Yuan-Yuan
name: Wang, Jing
name: Sun, Zhao
name: Sun, Jie
name: Zhang, Xiao-Juan
name: Liu, Yan
name: Fang, Zhen-Xing
name: Yang, Bing-You
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Two new guaiane-type sesquiterpene glycosides, atractylodes guaianoside I (1) and atractylodes guaianoside II (2), along with eleven known sesquiterpenes (3–13), were isolated from Atractylodes Japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. The structures of these two new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and mass spectrometric techniques. And their absolute configurations were confirmed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. In addition, the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three cancer cell lines HT-29, A-549, and MCF-7. Results showed that new compound 2 had inhibitory effects on three types of cancer cells, while new compound 1 only had inhibitory effects on HT-29 and MCF-7.
Additional file 8 of Chronological set of E. coli O157:H7 bovine strains establishes a role for repeat sequences and mobile genetic elements in genome diversification
Creators: name: Stanton, Eliot
name: Wahlig, Taylor A.
name: Dongjin Park
name: Kaspar, Charles W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8: Table S5. Oligonucleotide primers used in this study.
Robust neural networks: verification, training, and repair
Creators: name: Henriksen, Patrick
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Neural networks are fragile; even tiny perturbations of their inputs can lead to severe undesired changes to their outputs. The fragility of neural networks is of particular concern in safety- critical applications such as autonomous vehicles and medical imaging, where model failures can have serious consequences. This thesis proposes several methods for evaluating and improving the robustness of neural networks. First, we propose a formal verification method that may be deployed post-training to evaluate the robustness of neural networks. An implementation of the method achieved 1—2 orders of magnitude speed-up compared to contemporary approaches. Moreover, the method was the first formal verification approach to support verification against a class of smooth intensity perturbations modelled by bias fields. Next, this thesis presents novel methods for robust training, verification-friendly design, and repair of neural networks. The robust training method produces networks that are robust to bias field perturbations; in experiments, networks trained with the method achieved up to 31% higher certified robustness against bias field perturbations than the baseline approaches. The verification-friendly design of networks improves verifiability by replacing standard ReLU activation functions with parametric ReLUs that are regularised during training; the resulting networks experienced 30–100% fewer timeouts during formal verification compared to standard ReLU networks. The repair method repairs misclassifications in neural networks post-training without access to the training data; empirical results report accuracy drops that are up to 90% smaller compared to alternative state-of-the-art approaches. Finally, this thesis presents the VeriNet toolkit, which implements the verification and robust training methods discussed above. VeriNet was evaluated in the second and third interna- tional verification of neural networks competitions. The competitions evaluated verification toolkits based on their runtime, scalability to large networks, and supported network opera- tions and architectures. VeriNet achieved second place in the 2021 competition and third place in 2022.
Reaping the Gains from Trade: Constraints and Opportunities of Agricultural Credit Markets
Creators: name: Chloupkova, Jarka
name: Bjornskov, Christian
name: Chloupkova, Jarka
name: Bjornskov, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: International trade liberalisation often implies increased potentials for export production. For investing in increasing capacity in agriculture, farmers need to have credit access. However, farmers in many countries are credit constrained, e.g. due to collateral reasons, which is the case in Central Europe and East Africa, among others. A model illustrates the additional producer gains from having access to credit; the gains are composed of a price effect, an investment effect, and a social capital externality. Improvement of agricultural credit can be achieved by relying on existing social structures, such as farmers' social capital. This approach tackles the collateral issue and can furthermore entail benefits external to the investment decision. The paper concludes that these externalities need to be addressed when designing optimal agricultural credit institutions.
Additional file 6 of Chronological set of E. coli O157:H7 bovine strains establishes a role for repeat sequences and mobile genetic elements in genome diversification
Creators: name: Stanton, Eliot
name: Wahlig, Taylor A.
name: Dongjin Park
name: Kaspar, Charles W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Table S3. Location and length of direct repeats in Φ804–9 and Φ804–10. Crossover region of highlighted in light orange.
Process Aggregation and Efficiency.
Creators: name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Bogetoft, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Production Processes
subject: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
subject: Aggregation
subject: Efficiency

description: We analyse how the aggregation of production processes affects efficiency evaluations. A production unit can be inefficient even though all its production processes are efficient. We show how to test if observed "inefficiencies" may be caused by an aggregation and how to correct efficiency measures for such aggregation generated inefficiencies. The tests and the adjusted efficiency measurement programs involve hypothetical dis-aggregations designed to put the evaluated unit in its best possible light.
Attention to context in high functioning children with autism
Creators: name: Cornwell, Orenda Michelle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The present study investigated the sentence processing skills of high-functioning children with autism and Asperger Syndrome. Specifically it aimed to determine whether these children were able to attend to and use linguistic constraints during real-time processing in the same way as their age peers. Nineteen children, divided into two groups, an autistic group and an age-matched group, participated in the study. Sentence processing abilities were assessed using a word-monitoring paradigm. The participants were required to press a button as soon as they heard a prespecified target word in an auditorily presented sentence. The target words occurred in four different sentence conditions: Normal, Syntactic, Random Word Order, and Semantic Anomaly. Reaction times were recorded. Working memory span was also assessed using a counting span task. The children in the autistic group resembled their age peers in their overall response pattern across the sentence conditions, but they were faster in three of the four conditions. Across both groups reaction times increased from the Normal condition to the Syntactic condition to the Random Word Order and Semantic Anomaly conditions. Working memory spans were comparable between the groups. Results are seen to indicate that high-functioning children with autism or Asperger Syndrome are able to attend to and use local linguistic contextual constraints but may have deficits in constructing and/or integrating global context during on-line processing.
Conformally invariant bending energy for hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Guven, Jemal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most general conformally invariant bending energy of a closed four-dimensional surface, polynomial in the extrinsic curvature and its derivatives, is constructed. This invariance manifests itself as a set of constraints on the corresponding stress tensor. If the topology is fixed, there are three independent polynomial invariants: two of these are the straighforward quartic analogues of the quadratic Willmore energy for a two-dimensional surface; one is intrinsic (the Weyl invariant), the other extrinsic; the third invariant involves a sum of a quadratic in gradients of the extrinsic curvature -- which is not itself invariant -- and a quartic in the curvature. The four-dimensional energy quadratic in extrinsic curvature plays a central role in this construction.
description: 16 pages
Spin-lattice interaction in the quasi one-dimensional helimagnet LiCu_2O_2
Creators: name: Mihály, L.
name: Dóra, B.
name: Ványolos, A.
name: Berger, H.
name: Forró, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field dependence of the electron spin resonance in a helimagnet, LiCu_2O_2, was investigated for the first time. In the paramagnetic state a broad resonance line was observed corresponding to a g-factor of 2.3. In the critical regime around the paramagnetic to helimagnetic phase transition the resonance broadens and shifts to higher frequencies. A narrow signal is recovered at low temperature, corresponding to a spin gap of 1.5 meV in zero field. A comprehensive model of the magnons is presented, using exchange parameters from neutron scattering (T. Masuda et al, Phys. Rev. B 72, 014405), and the spin anisotropy determined here. The role of the quantum fluctuations is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Rational Inefficiencies
Creators: name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Hougaard, Jens Leth
name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Hougaard, Jens Leth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: efficiency
subject: preferences
subject: incentives
subject: bargaining
subject: planning

description: In this paper, we suggest that inefficiency may be an indirect, on-the-job compensation to agents in an organization. We show how to use actual production data to reveal the trade-offs between different inefficiencies (slacks). Moreover, we discuss how to use this to improve productivity analysis as well as decision making and incentive provisions in organizations.
Miscibility and wettability: how interfacial tension influences droplet impact onto thin wall films
Creators: name: Bernard, R.
name: Baumgartner, D.
name: Brenn, G.
name: Planchette, C.
name: Weigand, B.
name: Lamanna, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of miscibility and liquid wettability during droplet impact onto thin wall films is investigated experimentally. Despite similar liquid properties and impact conditions, differences in the splashing limit, the crown extension and the duration of the ascending phase are observed. These differences are related to the interfacial tension of the droplet/wall-film liquid pairs, which is linked to their miscibility and wettability. More precisely, by calculating the crown surface energy, we show that the energy stored in the interface between droplet and wall-film (if any) is not negligible and leads to smaller crown extensions and the need of more kinetic energy to initiate splashing. Similarly, by calculating a modified capillary time taking into account all surface and interfacial tensions, we show that the interfacial tension acts as a non-negligible recoiling force, which reduces the duration of the ascending phase. The dynamics of this ascending phase is well captured for different wall-film thicknesses if accounting for the variations of the liquid masses in movement. Overall, droplet/wall-film interactions can be seen as inertio-capillary systems where the interfacial tension between droplet and wall film plays a significant role in the storage of energy and in the crown kinetics during the impact process. Besides, this analysis highlights that viscous losses have already a significant effect during the crown extension phase, by dissipating almost half of the initial energies for droplet impact onto thin wall films, and most likely by influencing the capillary time scale through damping.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, submitted to the Journal of Fluid Mechanics
The synthesis and structure of adamantoid copper(II) clusters
Creators: name: Mukda, Benjamin A.
name: Chittim, Carina L.
name: Phillips, Matthew D.
name: Fowles, Samantha M.
name: Landee, Christopher P.
name: Wikaira, Jan L.
name: Telfer, Shane G.
name: Turnbull, Mark M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Three new copper(II) complexes with the general formula Cu4X6O(L)4 (1, X = chloride, L = 2-amino-5-chloropyridine; 2, X = chloride, L = 2-amino-5-bromopyridine and 3, X = bromide, L= 2-aminopyridine) with an adamantane-like core structure are reported. 1 and 2 crystallize in the space group P-1, while 3 crystallizes in the space group P21/c. We also report comparisons between the structures of these compounds and ones found in a literature review of compounds with similar structures and organic ligands. The members of this family all exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions and the possibility of magnetic frustration due to their geometries.
A Commutative Family of Integral Transformations and Basic Hypergeometric Series. I. Eigenfunctions
Creators: name: Shiraishi, Jun'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33D15; 81R50

description: It is conjectured that a class of n-fold integral transformations {I(alpha)|alpha in {C}} forms a mutually commutative family, namely, we have I(alpha) I(beta)=I(beta) I(alpha) for all alpha, beta in {C}. The commutativity of I(alpha) for the two-fold integral case is proved by using several summation and transformation formulas for the basic hypergeometric series. An explicit formula for the complete system of the eigenfunctions for n=3 is conjectured. In this formula and in a partial result for n=4, it is observed that all the eigenfunctions do not depend on the spectral parameter alpha of I(alpha).
description: Basic parameters are replaced to make the notation consistent with the standard Macdonald polynomials: q is replaced by t, and p^{1/2} is replaced by q
Incentive Problems and Investment Timing Options
Creators: name: Antle, Rick
name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Stark, Andrew W.
name: Antle, Rick
name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Stark, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: We characterize optimal investment and compensation strategies in a model of an investment opportunity with managerial incentive problems, caused by asymmetric information over investment costs and the manager's desire to consume slack, and flexibility over the timing of its acceptance. The flexibility over timing consists of the opportunity to invest immediately, delay investment for one period, or not invest at all. The timing option provides an opportunity to invest when circumstances are most favorable. However, the timing option also gives the manager an incentive to influence the timing of the investment to circumstances in which he gets more slack. Under the assumption that investment costs are distributed independently over time, the optimal investment policy consists of a sequence of target costs, below which investment takes place and above which it does not. The timing option reduce optimal cost targets, relative to the case when no timing option is present. The first cost target is lowered because the compensation function calls for the payment of an amount equal to the manager's option to generate future slack, should investment take place. This increases the cost of investing at the first opportunity, thus reducing its attractiveness. In order to ease the incentive problem at the initial investment opportunity, the second target cost is also lowered, even though no further timing options remain. Making the additional assumption that costs are uniformly distributed, we generate additional insights. We find circumstances in which the profitability of investing initially exceeds the profitability of investing at the second opportunity, a result that is impossible in the first-best context. Second, we identify circumstances under which the initial target cost is increased by incentive effects. Third, we identify the conditions under which the option to wait is effectively shut down when incentive problems exist. The implications of relaxing several key assumptions, such as investment cost independence, the owner's commitment to the manager and not to renegotiate, are explored.
A likely story : conjecturalism in the historical writings of John Millar
Creators: name: Takahashi, Stephen David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: John Millar's historical works have not, since the era of their original publication, been viewed as such by their principal commentators. Though Millar's Discourse on the Origin of the Distinction of Ranks (1771) has received acclaim for its perceived sociological value, his intended masterwork, An Historical View of the English Constitution (1803) has been almost completely neglected by contemporary scholarship. The intent of this paper is threefold: first, by viewing Millar in the historiographical context of late Enlightenment Britain, Millar's texts become recognizable as they were when they were first read, that is, as works of history. Restoring Millar to this context, a time when sophisticated new modes of historical writing were being developed to explain the modern world, also reveals the origins and nature of Millar's characteristic "conjectural" or "philosophical" approach to the study of the past. Secondly, a methodological analysis of Millar's major works and his unpublished "Lectures on Government" will provide insight into how Millar's conjecturalism was reconfigured to fit different subjects, purposes, and generic norms. Third, a survey of Millar's reception in the early nineteenth century will illustrate how rapidly and how profoundly the perceptions of Millar's historiographical approach changed from laudatory to dismissive. Millar is thus revealed not only as a historical writer, but one who was dedicated to a sophisticated, systematic program of historical inquiry.
Aiding Medical Librarians with Data Management and Sharing: Resources from the NIH Generalist Repository Ecosystem Initiative
Creators: name: Go, Pearl
name: Van Gulick, Ana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Medical Institutional Repositories in Libraries (MIRL)
Generalist Repository Ecosystem Initiative (GREI)
Data Management and Sharing

description: In this presentation, given at the Medical Institutional Repositories in Libraries (MIRL) Symposium on November 21, 2024, medical librarians were introduced to a variety of resource materials created by the NIH Generalist Repository Ecosystem Initiative (GREI) on best practices for data management and sharing in generalist repositories that could be leveraged for data management and sharing training and consultations.

Representatives from GREI repositories presented and provided the rationale and development process for both published and in-progress resources including: a generalist repository comparison chart, a generalist repository selection flowchart, a data deposit best practices checklist, and a Data Management and Sharing Plan (DMSP) guide and template. We demonstrated using GREI resources to support data sharing in generalist repositories in compliance with NIH/OSTP requirements.

As part of this presentation, we solicited the expert feedback of the MIRL community, the members of which occupy a critical role in the data management and sharing process. Their feedback helped us ensure that our GREI resources were as useful and applicable as possible to those working with NIH-funded researchers.
Cooperatives' Merger Strategies: The MD Foods - Klover Maelk Case
Creators: name: Agrell, Per J.
name: Karantininis, Kostas
name: Agrell, Per J.
name: Karantininis, Kostas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: merger
subject: Danish dairy industry
subject: farm cooperatives

description: Since March 1999 the two largest dairy cooperatives of Denmark, MD FOODS and KLOVER MAELK have merged after a long relationship ranging from joint ventures (such as the P-AMBA and M-AMBA companies) to various alleged price wars. We point out that the main reasons for merger from the point of view of MD FOODS were: (i) to establish monopoly power on the domestic market, (ii) to pursue an international growth strategy, (iii) to exploit rationality and coordination gains in the operations. Further, the merger counters the threat of (iv) an alleged foreign take-over of KLOVER, (v) further pressure by the Danish Competition Authority, and (vi) the increased concentration through mergers taking place in the dairy and retail industries in Europe. The post-merger period exhibits some signs of price increases, mainly in the fermented milk market, whereas the price of fresh milk is still to catch up. Questions still remain as to the long term implications of the merger: Will the retailers react by importing milk and dairy products from Germany, The Netherlands, Sweden or elsewhere? General questions still remain as to the governance problems in large cooperative organisations. Relations between farmer-members and management went through a critical test. Since MD FOODS is now openly flirting with yet another merger, this time with Swedish ARLA, these problems may perpetuate. In addition, it is not certain whether this time they will overcome as easily as they have up to now European and national anti-trust regulation.
Additional file 3 of Chronological set of E. coli O157:H7 bovine strains establishes a role for repeat sequences and mobile genetic elements in genome diversification
Creators: name: Stanton, Eliot
name: Wahlig, Taylor A.
name: Dongjin Park
name: Kaspar, Charles W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Predicted function and location of genes in Φ804–9 and Φ804–10. The portions of the two adjacent phage in all farm X strain has a shaded grey background. The region in FRIK804 but absent in FRIK1275 and FRIK1625 has a white background.
Super Efficiency Evaluations Based on Potential Slack
Creators: name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Hougaard, Jens Leth
name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Hougaard, Jens Leth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: super efficiency
subject: potential slack
subject: reference selection
subject: efficiency index
subject: DEA

description: Super efficiency evaluations are introduced along the lines of the potential improvements approach in Bogetoft and Hougaard (1999). Both a reference selection and a related super efficiency index is defined. The new (potential slack) super efficiency index is compared to a Farrell-based super efficiency index (as in Andersen and Petersen 1993) with respect to convex envelopment technologies.
Czech Agricultural Sector: Organisational Structure and Its Transformation
Creators: name: Chloupkova, Jarka
name: Chloupkova, Jarka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper describes and evaluates the impact of the transition process in the agricultural sector in the Czech Republic; its objective is to analyse and clarify the outcome of transition, and the prospects of the sector. The paper starts with examination of agriculture under the communist regime, continues with the transformation process, in particular changes in total economic output, employment, production and other structural attributes. The qualitative assessment examines the transformation of state and collective farms into other corporate structures, where assets are not based on collective ownership. The paper further questions the reasons for a lack of profit and credit sources. The analysis is concluded with suggestions for further restructuralisation.
New TPPE-ligand-based luminescent zn(II) organic frameworks as a sensor for detecting Fe3+, CrO42- and Cr2O72- in aqueous media
Creators: name: Zhao, Yu-Yuan
name: Chen, Wei-Min
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Xue, Zhen-Dong
name: Liu, Peng-Lai
name: Wang, Fang-Ming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A new luminescent Zn-MOF is synthesized based on a TPE-core ligand TPPE, [Zn(TPPE)2(sdc)2]n (LMOF-1, TPPE = 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)ethene, sdc = 4,4'-(ethene-1,2-diyl)dibenzoic acid). Fluorescence analysis of LMOF-1 shows blue light which can be attributed to the role of ligand-to-metal charge transition (LMCT), indicating that it can be used as a potential LED phosphor. As a luminescent sensor, LMOF-1 has excellent performance in detecting Fe3+, CrO42− and Cr2O72− in water. Significantly, the quenching coefficients (KSV) of Fe3+, CrO42− and Cr2O72− are 6.0 × 103 M−1, 1.58 × 103 M−1 and 2.44 × 103 M−1, respectively. Therefore, LMOF-1 may be an outstanding multi − functional response and recyclable luminescent sensor.
ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ЮВЕНАЛЬНОЇ ПРЕВЕНЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ ЩОДО ПРОТИДІЇ БУЛІНГУ ШКІЛЬНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ
Creators: name: Денисюк, Мар'яна Михайлівна
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: булінг, шкільне середовище, Національна поліція. ювенальна превенція, запобігання

description: Ця стаття присвячена дослідженню повноважень ювенальної превенції Національної поліції України в питанні запобіганні та боротьби з таким явищем як булінг в шкільному середовищі. Вивчення даного питання зумовлена тим, що створення управління вище згадуваного підрозділу і хоч відбулось зовсім недавно, проте виникають  неузгодження законодавчих норм та їх реалізація на практиці саме в протидії з шкільним насиллям, що є малодослідженим серед науковців. В дослідженні описано зміст, специфіку, причини  явища булінг  та його визначення в законодавстві України. Представлено наслідки, яке створює вище згадуване явище в суспільстві. Наведено статистичні дані нашого опитування  в шкільних установах, які підтверджують наявність даного явища і під час повномасштабного  вторгнення. Для  належного розкриття даної проблематики наводиться законодавчий перелік відповідних та уповноважених суб'єктів, які реагують та протидіють випадкам  булінгу (цькування). Наведено нормативно-правову базу правоохоронних органів  України , які регулюють проблему булінгу в школі. Особлива увага приділена створенню ювенальною превенції в Україні. Розкрито завдання, особливості, функції, напрями удосконалення працівників та недоліки, які існують в законодавстві ювенальної превенції в регулюванні явища шкільного насилля. Звернено увагу, на особливості впровадження інституту медіації в протидії булінгу. Зроблено висновок, що управління ювенальної превенції України є одним із суб'єктів реагування у разі настання випадку шкільного насилля в навчальному закладі . В нормативних актах, які регулюють діяльність даних підрозділів немає зазначених напряму  повноважень, які  повинні виконувати  щодо протидії булінгу, але вважаємо за потрібне наголосити що вище згадуваний структурний орган здійснює комплекс заходів щодо профілактики злочинності серед дітей в шкільному середовищі, що має прямий зв'язок з протидією булінгу серед неповнолітніх шкільному середовищі.
Additional file 4 of Chronological set of E. coli O157:H7 bovine strains establishes a role for repeat sequences and mobile genetic elements in genome diversification
Creators: name: Stanton, Eliot
name: Wahlig, Taylor A.
name: Dongjin Park
name: Kaspar, Charles W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Chromosomal locations of corresponding replication motifs in EHEC FRIK804 and Sakai. Highlighted motifs (light orange) located within the segment of the FRIK804 chromosome that is inverted relative to strain Sakai.
N,N-dibenzyl dithiocarbamato silver(I) as precursor for silver sulfide nanophotocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine 6G and trypan blue dyes
Creators: name: Andrew, Fartisincha P.
name: Goso, Sisonke
name: Paca, Athandwe M.
name: Papo, Tshephiso R.
name: Ajibade, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: N,N-dibenzyl dithiocarbamate silver(I) was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the trigonal space group P31 to form a one-dimensional, chain-like polymeric structure connected by Ag-Ag argentophilic and Ag-S interactions. The complex was used as single source precursor and thermolyzed at 120, 160 and 200 °C in 1-dodecanethiol to prepare silver sulfide nanoparticles (AgS-120, AgS-160 and AgS-200). TEM images showed quasi-spherical nanoparticles with average particle sizes of 4.0, 5.4 and 5.5 nm for nanoparticles prepared at 120, 160 and 200 °C, respectively, with optical band gaps of 3.76, 3.81 and 3.71 eV. The as-prepared silver sulfide nanoparticles potential as photocatalysts were evaluated using rhodamine 6G and trypan blue under irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 42.4% (k = 3.03 × 10−3), 41.9% (k = 2.73 × 10−3) and 56.7% (k = 4.16 × 10−3) for rhodamine 6G dye and 35.4% (2.94 × 10−3), 49.7% (3.87 × 10−3) and 16.9% (9.0 × 10−4) for trypan blue dye were obtained in the presence of AgS-120, AgS-160 and AgS-200, respectively. The kinetics and mechanism of photocatalytic reaction show that the dye degradation in the presence of the as-prepared nanoparticles follow pseudo-first order kinetics.
Strategic Choice of International Emissions Trading Scheme in an Open Economy with Perfect Competition
Creators: name: Boom, Jan Tjeerd
name: Boom, Jan Tjeerd
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental policy
subject: emissions trading
subject: credit trading
subject: international trade
subject: perfect competition
subject: strategic behavior

description: Emissions trading can be organized in several ways. In particular, private emissions trading can be organized as permit trading, or as credit trading. The schemes have a different impact on output with credit trading leading to a higher output level than permit trading. This paper analyzes what the optimal choice of emissions trading scheme is in a model with international trade and perfect competition in the product and emission quota market. Furthermore, I discuss whether it is optimal for the country to allow its firms to trade emissions internationally. The paper shows that countries want to use these schemes in different circumstances, depending on whether they import or export the good. Furthermore, it is shown that in several cases, countries maximize their welfare by not allowing international emissions trading.
A Relatively Easy-Access Description of the Logistics, Purposes and Function of the Sector Model KRAM
Creators: name: Asmild, Mette
name: Wiborg, Torben
name: Asmild, Mette
name: Wiborg, Torben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This working paper describes the design of KRAM; a model of the Danish agricultural sector that has been developed in a research project at KVL between 1997 and 2000. The purpose of this paper is to give a general and non-technical overview of the model. The paper is directed at people who want a more detailed knowledge of the model, but without addressing the underlying formulas and programs. The paper focuses on the logistics of the model. This includes how data are produced and utilized within the model and how the various submodels are designed and work together. Furthermore the calibration and solving procedures and the time aspects of the models are described. Some of these descriptions may appear somewhat interim due to the fact that the model itself was not fully operational when this paper was published.
The Long-Run Effects of Environmental Reform in Open Economies
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Sacheti, Sandeep
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Sacheti, Sandeep
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: international trade and the environment
subject: environmental policy reform
subject: international harmonization of environmental policies
subject: environmental dynamics and trade

description: We compare the short-run and long-run effects of environmental reform and harmonization under autarky and free trade. When trade is driven by environmental distortions rather than real relative advantages, harmonization of environmental policies, even if achieved by lowering standards in one country, can improve short-run aggregate welfare. With the possibility of multiple steady states, long-run considerations favor a "race to the top" rather than a "race to the bottom" even when upward and downward harmonizations are equivalent in the short run. For a country trapped in a low (or bad) steady state, environmental reform may not move it to a high (or good) steady state under autarky. However, under trade, harmonization of policies may enable this country to reach the high steady state. Conversely, reforms that increase the relative differences in distortions may, under trade, cause economies to move to a low steady state.