cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolution equation for elastic scattering of hadrons
Creators: name: Kakkad, Hiren
name: Kohara, Anderson Kendi
name: Kotko, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We turn high energy elastic scattering of hadrons into an initial value problem using an evolution equation based on the Regge Field Theory, which has a form of the complex nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation, with time being played by the logarithm of energy. The initial conditions are provided by the data-driven models for the real and imaginary parts of the amplitude. Numerical calculations of pp differential cross sections and forward quantities for LHC energies agree very well with experimental data extending up to, and including the diffractive cone. Furthermore, we show that at current accessible energies the non-linear effects play an important role, as the impact parameter space profiles approach the unitarity bound. The equation also predicts some other effects discussed in the literature, like the hollowness of nuclear matter or existence of stationary points in momentum transfer t.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures and 2 tables
Workflow Partitioning and Deployment on the Cloud using Orchestra
Creators: name: Jaradat, Ward
name: Dearle, Alan
name: Barker, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Orchestrating service-oriented workflows is typically based on a design model that routes both data and control through a single point - the centralised workflow engine. This causes scalability problems that include the unnecessary consumption of the network bandwidth, high latency in transmitting data between the services, and performance bottlenecks. These problems are highly prominent when orchestrating workflows that are composed from services dispersed across distant geographical locations. This paper presents a novel workflow partitioning approach, which attempts to improve the scalability of orchestrating large-scale workflows. It permits the workflow computation to be moved towards the services providing the data in order to garner optimal performance results. This is achieved by decomposing the workflow into smaller sub workflows for parallel execution, and determining the most appropriate network locations to which these sub workflows are transmitted and subsequently executed. This paper demonstrates the efficiency of our approach using a set of experimental workflows that are orchestrated over Amazon EC2 and across several geographic network regions.
description: To appear in Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 7th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC 2014)
Use of neighbourhood parks: does socio-economic status matter? A four-city study
Creators: name: Cohen, D.A.
name: Ward, P.
name: Golinelli, D.
name: McKenzie, T.L.
name: Lapham, S.
name: Williamson, S.
name: Hillier, A.
name: Evenson, K.R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: To determine if neighborhood socio-economic status (SES) influences park use and park-based physical activity.
Dimensionality and modularity of adaptive variation: Divergence in threespine stickleback from diverse environments
Creators: name: Haines, Grant
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Populations are subjected to diverse environmental conditions that affect fitness and induce evolutionary or plastic responses, resulting in phenotypic divergence among populations. Some authors contend such divergence is concentrated along a single major axis of trait covariance, even if that axis does not lead populations directly toward fitness optimum. Other authors argue that divergence can occur readily along many phenotype axes at the same time. We use populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from 14 lakes with contrasting ecological conditions to find some resolution along the continuum between these two extremes. Unlike many previous studies, we included several functional suites of traits (defensive, swimming, trophic) potentially subject to different sources of selection. We find that populations exhibit dimensionality of divergence that is high enough to preclude a history of constraint along a single axis – both for divergence in multivariate mean trait values and for the structure of trait covariances. Dimensionality varied among trait suites and were strongly influenced by the inclusion of specific traits, and integration of trait suites varied between populations. We leverage this variation into new insights about the process of divergence and suggest that similar analyses could increase understanding of other adaptive radiations.
description: Please see README fileFunding provided by: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038
Award Number: Funding provided by: Canada Research Chairs
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001804
Award Number:
Corrigendum: Dimensionality and modularity of adaptive variation: Divergence in threespine stickleback from diverse environments
Creators: name: Haines, Grant
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Populations are subjected to diverse environmental conditions that affect fitness and induce evolutionary or plastic responses, resulting in phenotypic divergence among populations. Some authors contend such divergence is concentrated along a single major axis of trait covariance, even if that axis does not lead populations directly toward fitness optimum. Other authors argue that divergence can occur readily along many phenotype axes at the same time. We use populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from 14 lakes with contrasting ecological conditions to find some resolution along the continuum between these two extremes. Unlike many previous studies, we included several functional suites of traits (defensive, swimming, trophic) potentially subject to different sources of selection. We find that populations exhibit dimensionality of divergence that is high enough to preclude a history of constraint along a single axis – both for divergence in multivariate mean trait values and for the structure of trait covariances. Dimensionality varied among trait suites and were strongly influenced by the inclusion of specific traits, and integration of trait suites varied between populations. We leverage this variation into new insights about the process of divergence and suggest that similar analyses could increase understanding of other adaptive radiations.
description: Funding provided by: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research CouncilCrossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/01h531d29Award Number:
Funding provided by: Canada Research ChairsCrossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/0517h6h17Award Number:
Longitudinal single-bunch instabilities driven by coherent undulator radiation in the cavity modulator of a steady-state microbunching storage ring
Creators: name: Tsai, Cheng-Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a mechanism of storage ring operation based on the steady-state microbunching has been proposed and investigated, which contains a laser cavity modulator providing the longitudinal focusing for the circulating microbunches. In this paper we analyze the impact of the coherent undulator radiation on the longitudinal single-bunch multi-turn collective dynamics, exploring a new possible instability mechanism. We formulate the multi-turn equations of motion for the single microbunch as two sets of difference equations in the modulator and in the remaining storage ring. The dispersion equation can then be obtained by introduction of the undulator-averaged phase space coordinates. The predicted instability growth rate shows reasonable agreement with the numerical turn-by-turn tracking simulations provided validity of the underlying assumptions. The analysis shall provide some insights for the coherent undulator radiation driven multi-turn instability in the cavity modulator. Differences between such a new instability mechanism and the Robinson instability in a conventional radio-frequency-based storage ring are also discussed.
Detecting Structural Irregularity in Electronic Dictionaries Using Language Modeling
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Paul
name: Zajic, David
name: Doermann, David
name: Bloodgood, Michael
name: Ye, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; I.2.6; I.5.1; I.5.4

description: Dictionaries are often developed using tools that save to Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based standards. These standards often allow high-level repeating elements to represent lexical entries, and utilize descendants of these repeating elements to represent the structure within each lexical entry, in the form of an XML tree. In many cases, dictionaries are published that have errors and inconsistencies that are expensive to find manually. This paper discusses a method for dictionary writers to quickly audit structural regularity across entries in a dictionary by using statistical language modeling. The approach learns the patterns of XML nodes that could occur within an XML tree, and then calculates the probability of each XML tree in the dictionary against these patterns to look for entries that diverge from the norm.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 11 tables; appeared in Proceedings of Electronic Lexicography in the 21st Century (eLex), November 2011
Conceptualizing a Human Right to Prevention in Global HIV/AIDS Policy
Creators: name: Brugh, K. N.
name: Halima, Y.
name: Meier, B. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Given current constraints on universal treatment campaigns, recent advances in public health prevention initiatives have revitalized efforts to stem the tide of HIV transmission. Yet, despite a growing imperative for prevention—supported by the promise of behavioral, structural and biomedical approaches to lower the incidence of HIV—human rights frameworks remain limited in addressing collective prevention policy through global health governance. Assessing the evolution of rights-based approaches to global HIV/AIDS policy, this review finds that human rights have shifted from collective public health to individual treatment access. While the advent of the HIV/AIDS pandemic gave meaning to rights in framing global health policy, the application of rights in treatment access litigation came at the expense of public health prevention efforts. Where the human rights framework remains limited to individual rights enforced against a state duty bearer, such rights have faced constrained application in framing population-level policy to realize the public good of HIV prevention. Concluding that human rights frameworks must be developed to reflect the complementarity of individual treatment and collective prevention, this article conceptualizes collective rights to public health, structuring collective combination prevention to alleviate limitations on individual rights frameworks and frame rights-based global HIV/AIDS policy to assure research expansion, prevention access and health system integration.
A Health Services Research Agenda for Cellular, Molecular and Genomic Technologies in Cancer Care
Creators: name: Wideroff, Louise
name: Hiatt, Robert A.
name: Schulman, Kevin A.
name: Goldie, Sue J.
name: Donaldson, Molla S.
name: Phillips, Kathryn A.
name: Powell, Isaac
name: Armstrong, Katrina
name: Brown, Martin L.
name: Ambs, Anita
name: McLeod, Howard L.
name: Khoury, Muin J.
name: Lewis, Graham
name: Follen, Michele
name: Piper, Margaret
name: Randhawa, Gurvaneet
name: Schrag, Deborah
name: Scott, Joan
name: Bennett, Charles L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: In recent decades, extensive resources have been invested to develop cellular, molecular and genomic technologies with clinical applications that span the continuum of cancer care.
MRI turbulence in accretion discs at large magnetic Prandtl numbers
Creators: name: Held, Loren E.
name: Mamatsashvili, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of large magnetic Prandtl number $\text{Pm}$ (the ratio of viscosity to resistivity) on the turbulent transport and energetics of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) is poorly understood, despite the realization of this regime in astrophysical environments as disparate as discs from binary neutron star mergers, the inner regions of low mass X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei, and the interiors of protoneutron stars. We investigate the MRI dynamo and associated turbulence in the regime $\text{Pm}>1$ by carrying out fully compressible, 3D MHD shearing box simulations using the finite-volume code \textsc{PLUTO}, focusing mostly on the case of Keplerian shear relevant to accretion discs. We find that when the magnetic Reynolds number is kept fixed, the turbulent transport (as parameterized by $α$, the ratio of stress to thermal pressure) scales with the magnetic Prandtl number as $α\sim \text{Pm}^δ$, with $δ\sim 0.5-0.7$ up to $\text{Pm} \sim 128$. However, this scaling weakens as the magnetic Reynolds number is increased. Importantly, compared to previous studies, we find a new effect at very large $\text{Pm}$ -- the turbulent energy and stress begin to plateau, no longer depending on ${\rm Pm}$. To understand these results we have carried out a detailed analysis of the turbulent dynamics in Fourier space, focusing on the effect of increasing $\text{Pm}$ on the transverse cascade -- a key non-linear process induced by the disc shear flow that is responsible for the sustenance of MRI turbulence. Finally, we find that $α$-$\text{Pm}$ scaling is sensitive to the box vertical-to-radial aspect ratio, as well as to the background shear.
description: Accepted for publications in MNRAS (22 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables)
Global structure of quaternion polynomial differential equations
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34C25, 34C37, 34K05, 37K10

description: In this paper we mainly study the global structure of the quaternion Bernoulli equations $\dot q=aq+bq^n$ for $q\in \mathbb H$ the quaternion field and also some other form of cubic quaternion differential equations. By using the Liouvillian theorem of integrability and the topological characterization of $2$--dimensional torus: orientable compact connected surface of genus one, we prove that the quaternion Bernoulli equations may have invariant tori, which possesses a full Lebesgue measure subset of $\mathbb H$. Moreover, if $n=2$ all the invariant tori are full of periodic orbits; if $n=3$ there are nfiinitely many invariant tori fulfilling periodic orbits and also infinitely many invariant ones fulfilling dense orbits.
description: 18. Communications in Mathematical Physics, 2011
Zero-energy Bound States in Nodal Topological Lattice
Creators: name: Lee, Soo-Yong
name: Han, Jung Hoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nodal topological lattice is a form of magnetic crystal with topologically non-trivial spin texture, which further exhibits a periodic array of nodes with vanishing magnetization. Electronic structure for conduction electrons strongly Hund-coupled to such nodal topological lattice is examined. Our analysis shows that each node attracts two localized states which form narrow bands through internode hybridization within the mid-gap region. Nodal bands carry a Chern number under suitable perturbations, suggesting their potential role in the topological Hall effect. Enhancement of the density of states near zero energy observable in a tunneling experiment will provide a signature of the formation of nodal topological lattice.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Online Supplement: Enhancing Student Understanding of Cardiovascular Disease Burden in Marginalized Communities in the Physiology Classroom
Creators: name: Moreira, Jesse
name: Roberts, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education
classificationCode: 329999
subject: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Physiology education is at the core of biomedical science and medicine. At all learning levels, physiology unites multiple disciplines to explain the mechanisms whereby a risk factor associates with a disease. Sexual and gender minority (SGM; including Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and Two-Spirit [LGBTQIA2S+]) persons and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, Minority Stress Theory attempts to explain the association of SGM and BIPOC identities with CVD. However, instruction on how to effectively incorporate the ways that social determinants of health are mechanistically linked to disease outcomes in marginalized populations, such as the SGM and BIPOC communities, is needed. We investigated the efficacy of teaching Minority Stress Theory concepts in a single lecture in an upper-level cardiovascular pathophysiology course (N=44 students). To test students understanding of minority-related disease, we used both subjective and objective measures to evaluate student understanding before and after the lecture. Student self-assessment of understanding of health disparity physiological mechanisms (pre-intervention median 3.0 vs post-intervention median 4.0; p<0.0001) and lifestyle/pharmacologic interventions to reduce health disparities in SGM communities (pre-intervention median 3.0 vs post-intervention median 4.0; p=.002) increased post-intervention. We observed similar results of self-assessment of understanding of health disparity physiological mechanisms (pre-intervention median 3.0 vs post-intervention median 4.0; p<0.0001) and appropriate lifestyle/pharmacologic interventions to reduce health disparities (pre-intervention median 4.0 vs post-intervention median 5.0; p=.003) regarding the BIPOC community. Our findings suggest that integrating social determinants of health into pathophysiology courses may result in a more inclusive-minded scientific and medical workforce.
On the cardinality of general $h$-fold sumsets
Creators: name: Yang, Quan-Hui
name: Chen, Yong-Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B13

description: Let $A=\{a_0,a_1,\ldots,a_{k-1}\}$ be a set of $k$ integers. For any integer $h\ge 1$ and any ordered $k$-tuple of positive integers $\mathbf{r}=(r_0,r_1,\ldots,r_{k-1})$, we define a general $h$-fold sumset, denoted by $h^{(\mathbf{r})}A$, which is the set of all sums of $h$ elements of $A$, where $a_i$ appearing in the sum can be repeated at most $r_i$ times for $i=0,1,\ldots,k-1$. In this paper, we give the best lower bound for $|h^{(\mathbf{r})}A|$ in terms of $\mathbf{r}$ and $h$ and determine the structure of the set $A$ when $|h^{(\mathbf{r})}A|$ is minimal. This generalizes results of Nathanson, and recent results of Mistri and Pandey and also solves a problem of Mistri and Pandey.
description: 18 pages
Pharmacogenomics, Evidence, and the Role of Payers
Creators: name: Deverka, P.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Initial enthusiasm for the potential of pharmacogenomics (PGx) to transform medical practice has been tempered by the reality that the process of biomarker discovery, validation, and clinical qualification has been disappointingly slow, with a limited number of PGx tests entering the marketplace since the initial publication of the human genome sequence. Reasons for the delays include the complexity of the underlying science as well as clinical, economic, and organizational barriers to the effective delivery of personalized health care. Nevertheless, payers are interested in using PGx services to ensure that drug use is safer and more effective, particularly in the settings of medications that are widely used, have significant risks of serious adverse events, have poor or highly variable drug response, or are very expensive. However, public and private payers have specific evidence requirements for new health care technologies that must be met prior to obtaining favorable coverage and reimbursement status. These evaluation criteria are frequently more rigorous than the current level of evidence required for regulatory approval of new PGx tests or PGx-related drug labeling. To support payer decision-making, researchers will need to measure the impact of PGx testing on clinical and economic outcomes and demonstrate the net benefit of PGx testing as compared to usual care. By linking payer information needs with the current PGx research agenda, there is the opportunity to develop the data required for informed decision-making. This strategy will increase the likelihood that PGx services will be both reimbursed and used appropriately in clinical practice.
Pressure-Regulated, Feedback-Modulated Star Formation In Disk Galaxies
Creators: name: Ostriker, Eve C.
name: Kim, Chang-Goo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The star formation rate (SFR) in galactic disks depends on both the quantity of available interstellar medium (ISM) gas and its physical state. Conversely, the ISM's physical state depends on the SFR, because the "feedback" energy and momentum injected by recently-formed massive stars is crucial to offsetting losses from turbulent dissipation and radiative cooling. The ISM's physical state also responds to the gravitational field that confines it, with increased weight driving higher pressure. In a quasi-steady state, it is expected that the mean total pressure of different thermal phases will match each other, that the component pressures and total pressure will satisfy thermal and dynamical equilibrium requirements, and that the SFR will adjust as needed to provide the requisite stellar radiation and supernova feedback. The pressure-regulated, feedback-modulated (PRFM) theory of the star-forming ISM formalizes these ideas, leading to a prediction that the SFR per unit area, Sigma_SFR, will scale nearly linearly with ISM weight W. In terms of large-scale gas surface density Sigma, stellar plus dark matter density rho_sd, and effective ISM velocity dispersion sigma_eff, an observable weight estimator is W~P_DE=pi G Sigma^2/2+Sigma(2G rho_sd)^{1/2} sigma_eff, and this is predicted to match the total midplane pressure P_tot. Using a suite of multiphase magnetohydrodynamic simulations run with the TIGRESS computational framework, we test the principles of the PRFM model and calibrate the total feedback yield Upsilon_tot = P_tot/Sigma_SFR ~ 1000 km/s, as well as its components. We compare results from TIGRESS to theory, previous numerical simulations, and observations, finding excellent agreement.
description: 34 pages, 15 figures; now accepted to ApJ
Well-defined nanoparticle electrocatalysts for the carbon dioxide and oxygen reduction reactions
Creators: name: Trindell, Jamie Allyce
name: 0000-0001-6453-021X
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Electrocatalysis
Nanoparticles
Carbon dioxide reduction
Oxygen reduction
Electron microscopy

description: The lack of structurally diverse electrocatalysts having high activity and controlled selectivity has limited progress in the development of technologically relevant electrochemical transformations. The key to making progress is the synergy between experiment and theory, and particularly experimental model systems against which the efficacy of theory can be benchmarked. The goal of this dissertation is to address the persisting experimental limitations that erode the fruitfulness of this union between theory and electrocatalysis. To this end, well-defined nanoparticle electrocatalysts enabling experimental validation of theoretical predictions are reported here for the carbon dioxide and oxygen reduction reactions, respectively. First, we describe the use of ex-situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to analyze the growth of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) during electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction (Chapter 2). Relative to citrate-capped AuNPs, dendrimer-encapsulated Au NPs (Au DENs) demonstrate significantly improved structural stability during CO₂ electrolysis. This work highlights the importance of performing catalyst characterization both before and after (and, ideally, during) electrochemical measurements to identify the most accurate computational models for a given electrocatalytic system. Next, we focus on Pd-based nanoalloy catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Chapter 3 details the experimental verification of PdIr nanoalloy catalysts predicted to have worse catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than their monometallic counterparts. Specifically, alloying Ir with Pd systematically decreases the ORR activity relative to monometallic Pd NPs. The findings of this study are significant because verifying the ability of theoretical predictions to both rule-in and rule-out potential catalysts holds the key for allowing theory to guide catalyst design. Chapter 4 reports experimental evidence of composition-dependent modulation of O-binding energies on Au [subscript x] Pd [subscript (300-x)] DENs. Specifically, electrochemical characterization identifies unique active sites on AuPd nanoalloys. The concept of surface ensembles, or the presence of unique active sites on the surface of nanoalloys, is a useful concept in theoretical models that is lacking in experimental verification. Altogether, the work described in this dissertation aims to continue to close the gap between theory and experiment in the field of electrocatalysis.
Views on Personalized Medicine: Do the Attitudes of African American and White Prescription Drug Consumers Differ?
Creators: name: De Marco, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Although recent advances in pharmacogenomics are making possible the use of genetic testing to determine the best medication for patients, little is known about how patients view such procedures. The aims for this study that were developed collaboratively as part of a community-academic partnership are: (1) What are the attitudes and perceptions of prescription drug consumers concerning personalized medicine and genetic testing for drug compatibility and how do they differ between African American and white patients? (2) What are the attitudes and perceptions of patients concerning race-based prescribing and how do they differ between African American and white patients?
Who Gets Genomic Testing for Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk?
Creators: name: DeFrank, J.T.
name: Reeder-Hayes, K.
name: Brewer, N.T.
name: Salz, T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Our study examined whether patient characteristics, beliefs, and decision-making styles were associated with uptake of genomic testing for breast cancer recurrence risk.
Community Engagement in US Biobanking: Multiplicity of Meaning and Method
Creators: name: Henderson, G.E.
name: Goldenberg, A.
name: Reavely, E.
name: Lassiter, D.
name: Davis, A.
name: Cadigan, R.J.
name: Haldeman, K.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Efforts to improve individual and population health increasingly rely on large scale collections of human biological specimens and associated data. Such collections or “biobanks” are hailed as valuable resources for facilitating translational biomedical research. However, biobanks also raise important ethical considerations, such as whether, how and why biobanks might engage with those who contributed specimens. This paper examines perceptions and practices of community engagement (CE) among individuals who operate six diverse biobanks in the U.S.
Gapped-filtering for efficient Chebyshev expansion of the density projection operator
Creators: name: Nguyen, Minh
name: Neuhauser, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the gapped-filtering method, whereby a short Chebyshev expansion accurately represents the density-matrix operator. The method optimizes the Chebyshev coefficients to give the correct density matrix at all energies except within the gapped region where there are no eigenstates. Gapped filtering reduces the number of required terms in the Chebyshev expansion compared to traditional expansion methods, as long as one knows or can determine efficiently the HOMO and LUMO positions. The reduction is especially noticeable (factors of 2-3) when high accuracy is sought. To exemplify the method, we use gapped-filtering to increase the efficiency of stochastic-GW calculations.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Inverse Jacobian multipliers and Hopf bifurcation on center manifolds
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A34, 37C10, 34C14, 37G05

description: In this paper we consider a class of higher dimensional differential systems in $\mathbb R^n$ which have a two dimensional center manifold at the origin with a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues. First we characterize the existence of either analytic or $C^\infty$ inverse Jacobian multipliers of the systems around the origin, which is either a center or a focus on the center manifold. Later we study the cyclicity of the system at the origin through Hopf bifurcation by using the vanishing multiplicity of the inverse Jacobian multiplier.
description: 22. Journal of Differential Equation, 2014
CLASSY II: A technical Overview of the COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY
Creators: name: James, Bethan L.
name: Berg, Danielle A.
name: King, Teagan
name: Sahnow, David J.
name: Mingozzi, Matilde
name: Chisholm, John
name: Heckman, Timothy
name: Martin, Crystal L.
name: Stark, Dan P.
name: Team, The Classy
name: :
name: Aloisi, Alessandra
name: Amorín, Ricardo O.
name: Arellano-Córdova, Karla Z.
name: Bayliss, Matthew
name: Bordoloi, Rongmon
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Charlot, Stéphane
name: Chevallard, Jacopo
name: Clark, Ilyse
name: Erb, Dawn K.
name: Feltre, Anna
name: Hayes, Matthew
name: Henry, Alaina
name: Hernandez, Svea
name: Jaskot, Anne
name: Jones, Tucker
name: Kewley, Lisa J.
name: Kumari, Nimisha
name: Leitherer, Claus
name: Llerena, Mario
name: Maseda, Michael
name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Ouchi, Masami
name: Plat, Adele
name: Pogge, Richard W.
name: Ravindranath, Swara
name: Rigby, Jane R.
name: Sanders, Ryan
name: Scarlata, Claudia
name: Senchyna, Peter
name: Skillman, Evan D.
name: Steidel, Charles C.
name: Strom, Allison L.
name: Sugahara, Yuma
name: Wilkins, Stephen M.
name: Wofford, Aida
name: Xu, Xinfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY (CLASSY) is designed to provide the community with a spectral atlas of 45 nearby star-forming galaxies which were chosen to cover similar properties as those seen at high-z (z>6). The prime high level science product of CLASSY is accurately coadded UV spectra, ranging from ~1000-2000A, derived from a combination of archival and new data obtained with HST's Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS). This paper details the multi-stage technical processes of creating this prime data product, and the methodologies involved in extracting, reducing, aligning, and coadding far-ultraviolet (FUV) and near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectra. We provide guidelines on how to successfully utilize COS observations of extended sources, despite COS being optimized for point sources, and best-practice recommendations for the coaddition of UV spectra in general. Moreover, we discuss the effects of our reduction and coaddition techniques in the scientific application of the CLASSY data. In particular, we find that accurately accounting for flux calibration offsets can affect the derived properties of the stellar populations, while customized extractions of NUV spectra for extended sources are essential for correctly diagnosing the metallicity of galaxies via CIII] nebular emission. Despite changes in spectral resolution of up to ~25% between individual datasets (due to changes in the COS line spread function), no adverse affects were observed on the difference in velocity width and outflow velocities of isolated absorption lines when measured in the final combined data products, owing in-part to our signal-to-noise regime of S/N<20.
description: 31 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS
Hidden Degrees of Freedom in Implicit Vortex Filaments
Creators: name: Ishida, Sadashige
name: Wojtan, Chris
name: Chern, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a new representation of curve dynamics, with applications to vortex filaments in fluid dynamics. Instead of representing these filaments with explicit curve geometry and Lagrangian equations of motion, we represent curves implicitly with a new co-dimensional 2 level set description. Our implicit representation admits several redundant mathematical degrees of freedom in both the configuration and the dynamics of the curves, which can be tailored specifically to improve numerical robustness, in contrast to naive approaches for implicit curve dynamics that suffer from overwhelming numerical stability problems. Furthermore, we note how these hidden degrees of freedom perfectly map to a Clebsch representation in fluid dynamics. Motivated by these observations, we introduce untwisted level set functions and non-swirling dynamics which successfully regularize sources of numerical instability, particularly in the twisting modes around curve filaments. A consequence is a novel simulation method which produces stable dynamics for large numbers of interacting vortex filaments and effortlessly handles topological changes and re-connection events.
description: The supplementary video is available from the project page https://sadashigeishida.bitbucket.io/implicit_filaments/
Patients' Understanding of How Genotype Variation Affects Benefits of Tamoxifen Therapy for Breast Cancer
Creators: name: DeFrank, J.T.
name: Corso, S.W.
name: Raab, R.E.
name: Walko, C.M.
name: Schwartz, G.
name: Carey, L.A.
name: Ibrahim, J.G.
name: Peppercorn, J.M.
name: Irvin, W.J.
name: Carrizosa, D.R.
name: Chiu, W.K.
name: Olajide, O.A.
name: McLeod, H.L.
name: Moore, S.G.
name: Brewer, N.T.
name: Rubin, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: CYP2D6 is a critical enzyme in the metabolism of tamoxifen and potentially a key determinant in breast cancer outcomes. Our study examined patients' beliefs about how CYP2D6 genotype would affect their prognoses.
Efficient Control of the Rashba Effective Magnetic Field Using Acceptor Doped Quantum Wells
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Daichi
name: Tsuchiya, Takuma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To induce a strong Rashba effective magnetic field and enhance its sensitivity to an external electric field, we propose acceptor doping in quantum wells. The acceptors are doped at the center of the well, and donors are doped in the barrier layers to compensate the acceptors and induce conduction electrons. In strongly doped wells, the electric field on these conduction electrons is easily changed by a weak external electric field, by virtue of the strong internal electric field between the acceptors and donors and the resulting high triangle potential barrier induced in the well. As a result, the Rashba effective magnetic field, proportional to the electric field on the electrons, is quite sensitive to the external electric field. Numerical calculations demonstrate that the sensitivity of the Rashba field is larger by two orders of magnitude than that in undoped wells.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Abemaciclib: A Review in Early Breast Cancer with a High Risk of Recurrence
Creators: name: Fung, Simon
name: Blair, Hannah A.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cancer

description:
 Declarations Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding. Authorship and Conflict of interest Simon Fung and Hannah Blair are salaried employees of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, and declare no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content. Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent to publish, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable.
 Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.
 Abstract Abemaciclib [Verzenio® (USA) or Verzenios® (EU)] is a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor approved in combination with adjuvant endocrine therapy for patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2−), node-positive, early breast cancer with a high risk of recurrence. In a phase III trial, abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy reduced the risk of recurrence of breast cancer compared with endocrine therapy alone, including in patients who had previously received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in patients with high- and low-scoring Ki-67 tumours, and in both premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. The tolerability profile of abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy was acceptable and manageable, with diarrhoea, infections and neutropenia being the most common adverse events. Thus, abemaciclib in combination with standard endocrine therapy is a valuable additional treatment option for patients with HR+, HER2−, node-positive early breast cancer with a high risk of recurrence. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
Gate-tunable anomalous Hall effect in a 3D topological insulator/2D magnet van der Waals heterostructure
Creators: name: Gupta, Vishakha
name: Jain, Rakshit
name: Ren, Yafei
name: Zhang, Xiyue S.
name: Alnaser, Husain F.
name: Vashist, Amit
name: Deshpande, Vikram V.
name: Muller, David A.
name: Xiao, Di
name: Sparks, Taylor D.
name: Ralph, Daniel C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate advantages of samples made by mechanical stacking of exfoliated van der Waals materials for controlling the topological surface state of a 3-dimensional topological insulator (TI) via interaction with an adjacent magnet layer. We assemble bilayers with pristine interfaces using exfoliated flakes of the TI BiSbTeSe2 and the magnet Cr2Ge2Te6, thereby avoiding problems caused by interdiffusion that can affect interfaces made by top-down deposition methods. The samples exhibit an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) with abrupt hysteretic switching. For the first time in samples composed of a TI and a separate ferromagnetic layer, we demonstrate that the amplitude of the AHE can be tuned via gate voltage with a strong peak near the Dirac point. This is the signature expected for the AHE due to Berry curvature associated with an exchange gap induced by interaction between the topological surface state and an out-of-plane-oriented magnet.
description: submitted version
n–3 Fatty acids, hypertension and risk of cognitive decline among older adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Creators: name: Beydoun, May A
name: Ibrahim, Joseph
name: Heiss, Gerardo
name: Kaufman, Jay S
name: Sloane, Philip D
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: OBJECTIVE: Recent research indicates that n-3 fatty acids can inhibit cognitive decline, perhaps differentially by hypertensive status.

DESIGN: We tested these hypotheses in a prospective cohort study (the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities). Dietary assessment using a food-frequency questionnaire and plasma fatty acid exposure by gas chromatography were completed in 1987-1989 (visit 1), while cognitive assessment with three screening tools--the Delayed Word Recall Test, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and the Word Fluency Test (WFT)--was completed in 1990-1992 (visit 2) and 1996-1998 (visit 4). Regression calibration and simulation extrapolation were used to control for measurement error in dietary exposures.

SETTING: Four US communities--Forsyth County (North Carolina), Jackson (Mississippi), suburbs of Minneapolis (Minnesota) and Washington County (Maryland).

SUBJECTS: Men and women aged 50-65 years at visit 1 with complete dietary data (n = 7814); white men and women in same age group in the Minnesota field centre with complete plasma fatty acid data (n = 2251).

RESULTS: Findings indicated that an increase of one standard deviation in dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids (% of energy intake) and balancing long-chain n-3/n-6 decreased the risk of 6-year cognitive decline in verbal fluency with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.79 (0.66-0.95) and 0.81 (0.68-0.96), respectively, among hypertensives. An interaction with hypertensive status was found for dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids (g day-1) and WFT decline (likelihood ratio test, P = 0.06). This exposure in plasma cholesteryl esters was also protective against WFT decline, particularly among hypertensives (OR = 0.51, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: One implication from our study is that diets rich in fatty acids of marine origin should be considered for middle-aged hypertensive subjects. To this end, randomised clinical trials are needed.
Anisotropy in the Hubble constant as modeled by density gradients
Creators: name: Zaninetti, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The all-sky maps of the observed variation of the Hubble constant can be reproduced from a theoretical point of view by introducing an intergalactic plasma with a variable number density of electrons. The observed averaged value and variance of the Hubble constant are reproduced by adopting a rim model, an auto-gravitating model, and a Voronoi diagrams model as the backbone for an auto-gravitating medium. We also analyze an astronomer's model based on the 3D spatial distribution of galaxies as given by the 2MASS Redshift Survey and an auto-gravitating Lane--Emden ($n=5$) profile of the electrons. The simulation which involves the Voronoi diagrams is done in a cubic box with sides of 100 Mpc. The simulation which involves the 2MASS covers the range of redshift smaller than 0.05.
description: 26 pages 17 figures
Measurement of the absolute Quantum Efficiency of Hamamatsu model R11410-10 photomultiplier tubes at low temperatures down to liquid xenon boiling point
Creators: name: Lyashenko, Alexey
name: Nguyen, Tam
name: Snyder, Adam
name: Wang, Hanguo
name: Arisaka, Katsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the measurements of the absolute Quantum Efficiency(QE) for Hamamatsu model R11410-10 PMTs specially designed for the use in low background liquid xenon detectors. QE was measured for five PMTs in a spectral range between 154.5 nm to 400 nm at low temperatures down to -110$^0$C. It was shown that during the PMT cooldown from room temperature to -110 $^0$C (a typical PMT operation temperature in liquid xenon detectors), the absolute QE increases by a factor of 1.1 - 1.15 at 175 nm. The QE growth rate with respect to temperature is wavelength dependent peaking at about 165 nm corresponding to the fastest growth of about -0.07 %QE/$^{0}C$ and at about 200 nm corresponding to slowest growth of below -0.01 %QE/$^{0}C$. A dedicated setup and methods for PMT Quantum Efficiency measurement at low temperatures are described in details.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures
Second random-phase approximation, Thouless' theorem and the stability condition reexamined and clarified
Creators: name: Papakonstantinou, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been revealed through numerical calculations that the Second Random Phase Approximation (SRPA) with the Hartree-Fock solution as its reference state results in 1) spurious states at genuinely finite energy, contrary to common expectation, and 2) unstable solutions, which within the first-order Random Phase Approximation correspond to real low-energy collective vibrations. In the present work, these shortcomings of SRPA are shown to not contradict Thouless' theorem about the energy-weighted sum rule, and their origin is traced to the violation of the stability condition. A more general theorem is proven. Formal arguments are elucidated through numerical examples. Implications for the validity of SRPA are discussed.
description: 11 pages, incl. 5 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev. C
A comparison of the socio-economic determinants of growth retardation in South African and Filipino infants
Creators: name: Jones, Laura L
name: Adair, Linda S
name: Cameron, Noël
name: Norris, Shane A
name: Griffiths, Paula L
name: Richter, Linda M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: To examine the association between household socio-economic status (SES) at birth and poor infant growth such as small for gestational age (SGA) and stunting across two different socio-cultural settings: South Africa and the Philippines.
Asymptotic safety and gauged baryon number
Creators: name: Boos, Jens
name: Carone, Christopher D.
name: Donald, Noah L.
name: Musser, Mikkie R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model with gauged baryon number that may be rendered asymptotically safe when gravitational effects above the Planck scale are taken into account. We study the ultraviolet fixed points in this theory and determine the restrictions on the parameter space of the model at the TeV scale following from the requirement that the asymptotic fixed points are reached. Assuming that the new gauge symmetry is broken at the TeV scale, we comment on the phenomenological implications of these restrictions.
description: 28 pages LaTeX, 5 figures, 1 appendix. v3: matches the published version, discussion and 2 figures added