cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum Boosting using Domain-Partitioning Hypotheses
Creators: name: Bera, Debajyoti
name: Bhatia, Rohan
name: Chani, Parmeet Singh
name: Chatterjee, Sagnik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Boosting is an ensemble learning method that converts a weak learner into a strong learner in the PAC learning framework. Freund and Schapire designed the Godel prize-winning algorithm named AdaBoost that can boost learners, which output binary hypotheses. Recently, Arunachalam and Maity presented the first quantum boosting algorithm with similar theoretical guarantees. Their algorithm, which we refer to as QAdaBoost henceforth, is a quantum adaptation of AdaBoost and only works for the binary hypothesis case. QAdaBoost is quadratically faster than AdaBoost in terms of the VC-dimension of the hypothesis class of the weak learner but polynomially worse in the bias of the weak learner. Izdebski et al. posed an open question on whether we can boost quantum weak learners that output non-binary hypothesis. In this work, we address this open question by developing the QRealBoost algorithm which was motivated by the classical RealBoost algorithm. The main technical challenge was to provide provable guarantees for convergence, generalization bounds, and quantum speedup, given that quantum subroutines are noisy and probabilistic. We prove that QRealBoost retains the quadratic speedup of QAdaBoost over AdaBoost and further achieves a polynomial speedup over QAdaBoost in terms of both the bias of the learner and the time taken by the learner to learn the target concept class. Finally, we perform empirical evaluations on QRealBoost and report encouraging observations on quantum simulators by benchmarking the convergence performance of QRealBoost against QAdaBoost, AdaBoost, and RealBoost on a subset of the MNIST dataset and Breast Cancer Wisconsin dataset.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
A hot mini-Neptune in the radius valley orbiting solar analogue HD 110113
Creators: name: Daylan, T.
name: Anderson, D.R.
name: Deleuil, M.
name: Law, N.
name: Nielsen, L.D.
name: Barrado, D.
name: Briceno, C.
name: Adibekyan, V.
name: Winn, J.N.
name: Vanderspek, R.
name: Ricker, G.
name: Smith, J.C.
name: Pollacco, D.L.
name: Bryant, E.M.
name: Hoyer, S.
name: Jenkins, J.M.
name: Stassun, K.G.
name: Figueira, P.
name: Louie, D.R.
name: Osborn, H.P.
name: Wheatley, P.J.
name: Diaz, R.F.
name: Villasenor, J.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Otegi, J.F.
name: Collins, K.A.
name: Armstrong, D.J.
name: Delgado-Mena, E.
name: Jensen, E.L.N.
name: Helled, R.
name: Osborn, A.
name: Brown, D.J.A.
name: Santos, N.C.
name: King, G.W.
name: Howell, S.B.
name: West, R.
name: Udry, S.
name: Rackham, B.V.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Sousa, S.G.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: Dorn, C.
name: Dragomir, D.
name: Burke, C.
name: Demangeon, O.D.S.
name: Conti, D.M.
name: Bayliss, D.
name: Barros, S.C.C.
name: Caldwell, D.A.
name: Ziegler, C.
name: Scott, N.J.
name: Lillo-Box, J.
name: Hellier, C.
name: Rodriguez, D.R.
name: Strm, P.
name: Seager, S.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: We report the discovery of HD 110113 b (TESS object of interest-755.01), a transiting mini-Neptune exoplanet on a 2.5-d orbit around the solar-analogue HD 110113 (Teff = 5730 K). Using TESS photometry and High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) radial velocities gathered by the NCORES program, we find that HD 110113 b has a radius of 2.05 ± 0.12 R⊕ and a mass of 4.55 ± 0.62 M⊕. The resulting density of $2.90^{+0.75}_{-0.59}$ g cm-3 is significantly lower than would be expected from a pure-rock world; therefore HD 110113 b must be a mini-Neptune with a significant volatile atmosphere. The high incident flux places it within the so-called radius valley; however, HD 110113 b was able to hold on to a substantial (0.1-1 per cent) H-He atmosphere over its ∼4 Gyr lifetime. Through a novel simultaneous Gaussian process fit to multiple activity indicators, we were also able to fit for the strong stellar rotation signal with period 20.8 ± 1.2 d from the RVs and confirm an additional non-transiting planet, HD 110113 c, which has a mass of 10.5 ± 1.2 M⊕ and a period of $6.744^{+0.008}_{-0.009}$ d.
Co-rotational shell element for numerical analysis of laminated piezoelectric composite structures
Creators: name: Marinković, Dragan
name: Rama, Gil
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: co-rotational FEM
subject: piezoelectricity
subject: fiber-reinforced laminates
subject: actuator
subject: sensor

description: Laminated composite structures consisting of load-carrying and multifunctional materials represent a rather powerful material system. The passive, load-carrying layers can be made of isotropic material or fiber-reinforced composites, while piezoelectric materials represent the most common choice of multifunctional materials for active layers. The multifunctionality of piezoelectric layers is provided by their inherent property to couple mechanical and electric fields. The property can thus be used to sense deformations or produce actuating forces. A highly efficient 3-node shell element is developed for modeling piezoelectric laminated composite shells. The equivalent single-layer approach and Mindlin-Reissner kinematics are used in the element formulation together with the discrete shear gap (DSG) technique to resolve the shear locking and strain smoothing technique to improve the performance. Piezoelectric layers are assumed to be polarized in the thickness direction thus coupling the in-plane strains with the electric field oriented in the thickness direction. The co-rotational FE formulation is used to account for geometrically nonlinear effects. Numerical examples cover linear and geometrically nonlinear static and dynamic cases with piezoelectric layers used as actuators and sensors.
Probing electron-electron interaction along with superconducting fluctuations in disordered TiN thin films
Creators: name: Yadav, Sachin
name: Kaushik, Vinay
name: Saravanan, M. P.
name: Sahoo, Sangeeta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we demonstrate an interplay between superconducting fluctuations and electron-electron interaction (EEI) by low temperature magnetotransport measurements for a set of 2D disordered TiN thin films. While cooling down the sample, a characteristic temperature T* is obtained from the R(T) at which superconducting fluctuations start to appear. The upturn in R(T) above T* corresponds to weak localization (WL) and/or EEI. By the temperature and field dependences of the observed resistance, we show that the upturn in R(T) originates mainly from EEI with a negligible contribution from WL. Further, we have used the modified Larkins electron-electron attraction strength beta(T/Tc), containing a field induced pair breaking parameter, in the Maki-Thompson (MT) superconducting fluctuation term. Here, the temperature dependence of the beta(T/Tc) obtained from the magnetoresistance analysis shows a diverging behavior close to Tc and it remains almost constant at higher temperature within the limit of ln(T/Tc) < 1. Interestingly, the variation of beta(T/Tc) on the reduced temperature (T/Tc) offers a common trend which has been closely followed by all the concerned samples presented in this study. Finally, the temperature dependence of inverse phase scattering time , as obtained from the magnetoresistance analysis, clearly shows two different regimes; the first one close to Tc follows the Ginzburg-Landau relaxation rate , whereas, the second one at high temperature varies almost linearly with temperature indicating the dominance of inelastic electron-electron scattering for the dephasing mechanism. These two regimes are followed in a generic way by all the samples in spite of being grown under different growth conditions.
description: 7 Figures and 7 Figures in Supplemental Material; Accepted for publication Phys. Rev. B
Impact of the Euro 2020 championship on the spread of COVID-19
Creators: name: Dehning, Jonas
name: Mohr, Sebastian B.
name: Contreras, Sebastian
name: Dönges, Philipp
name: Iftekhar, Emil N.
name: Schulz, Oliver
name: Bechtle, Philip
name: Priesemann, Viola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale events like the UEFA Euro~2020 football (soccer) championship offer a unique opportunity to quantify the impact of gatherings on the spread of COVID-19, as the number and dates of matches played by participating countries resembles a randomized study. Using Bayesian modeling and the gender imbalance in COVID-19 data, we attribute 840,000 (95% CI: [0.39M, 1.26M]) COVID-19 cases across 12 countries to the championship. The impact depends non-linearly on the initial incidence, the reproduction number $R$, and the number of matches played. The strongest effects are seen in Scotland and England, where as much as 10,000 primary cases per million inhabitants occur from championship-related gatherings. The average match-induced increase in $R$ was 0.46 [0.18, 0.75] on match days, but important matches caused an increase as large as +3. Altogether, our results provide quantitative insights that help judge and mitigate the impact of large-scale events on pandemic spread.
description: 69 pages, 52 figures
The RayGalGroupSims cosmological simulation suite for the study of relativistic effects: an application to lensing-matter clustering statistics
Creators: name: Rasera, Y.
name: Breton, M-A.
name: Corasaniti, P-S.
name: Allingham, J.
name: Roy, F.
name: Reverdy, V.
name: Pellegrin, T.
name: Saga, S.
name: Taruya, A.
name: Agarwal, S.
name: Anselmi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General Relativistic effects on the clustering of matter in the universe provide a sensitive probe of cosmology and gravity theories that can be tested with the upcoming generation of galaxy surveys. Here, we present a suite of large volume high-resolution N-body simulations specifically designed to generate light-cone data for the study of relativistic effects on lensing-matter observables. RayGalGroupSims (or in short RayGal) consists of two N-body simulations of $(2625\,h^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc})^3$ volume with $4096^3$ particles of a standard flat $Λ$CDM model and a non-standard $w$CDM phantom dark energy model. Light-cone data from the simulations have been generated using a parallel ray-tracing algorithm that has accurately solved billion geodesic equations. Catalogues and maps with relativistic weak-lensing which include post-Born effects, magnification bias (MB) and redshift space distortions (RSD) due to gravitational redshift, Doppler, transverse Doppler, Integrated Sachs-Wolfe/Rees-Sciama effects, are publicly released. Using this dataset, we are able to reproduce the linear and quasi-linear predictions from the Class relativistic code for the 10 (cross-)power spectra (3$\times$2 points) of the matter density fluctuation field and the gravitational convergence at $z=0.7$ and $z=1.8$. We find $1-30\%$ level contribution from both MB and RSD to the matter power spectrum, while the Fingers-of-God effect is visible at lower redshift in the non-linear regime. MB contributes at the $10-30\%$ level to the convergence power spectrum leading to a deviation between the shear power-spectrum and the convergence power-spectrum. MB also plays a significant role in the galaxy-galaxy lensing by decreasing the density-convergence spectra by $20\%$, while coupling non-trivial configurations (such as the one with the convergence at the same or even lower redshift than the density field).
description: 25 pages, 19 figures, minor modifications to match A&A version, RayGal data available at https://cosmo.obspm.fr/public-datasets
Piercing the chessboard
Creators: name: Ambrus, Gergely
name: Bárány, Imre
name: Frankl, Péter
name: Varga, Dániel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11H31, 05B40, 52C30

description: We consider the minimum number of lines $h_n$ and $p_n$ needed to intersect or pierce, respectively, all the cells of the $n \times n$ chessboard. Determining these values can also be interpreted as a strengthening of the classical plank problem for integer points. Using the symmetric plank theorem of K. Ball, we prove that $h_n = \lceil \frac n 2 \rceil$ for each $n \geq 1$. Studying the piercing problem, we show that $0.7n \leq p_n \leq n-1$ for $n\geq 3$, where the upper bound is conjectured to be sharp. The lower bound is proven by using the linear programming method, whose limitations are also demonstrated.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Final, accepted version. Color of figures modified in order to comply with BW print
Can galactic dark matter substructure contribute to the cosmic gamma-ray anisotropy?
Creators: name: Lange, J. U.
name: Chu, M. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The annihilation of dark matter (DM) particles in the Milky Way can contribute to the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGRB). Due to the presence of substructures, this emission will appear anisotropic in a predictable way. We generate full-sky maps of the gamma-ray emission in galactic substructures from results of the high-resolution Via Lactea II N-body simulation of the Milky Way DM halo. We calculate the anisotropy pattern, taking into account different radial profiles of the DM distribution in substructures, cosmic variance, and the detection threshold, and compare it to the anisotropy in the DGRB observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). By comparing the upper limits on the DM self-annihilation cross-section, , implied by the anisotropy to the intensity of the DGRB and detected sources in the LAT 2-yr Point Source Catalog, we find that galactic substructure cannot contribute to the anisotropies in the DGRB without strongly violating these observations. Our results challenge the perception that small-scale anisotropies in the DGRB can be used as a probe of DM annihilation in galactic subhaloes.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
Discovery of periodic variables in the hot subdwarf catalogue through a systematic search in Zwicky Transient Facility data
Creators: name: Wang, Kevin
name: Kupfer, Thomas
name: Barlow, Brad N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct a systematic search for periodic variables in the hot subdwarf catalogue using data from the Zwicky Transient Facility. We present the classification of 67 HW Vir binaries, 496 reflection effect, pulsation or rotation sinusoids, 11 eclipsing signals, and 4 ellipsoidally modulated binaries. Of these, 486 are new discoveries that have not been previously published including a new mass-transferring hot subdwarf binary candidate. These sources were determined by applying the Lomb-Scargle and Box Least Squares periodograms along with manual inspection. We calculated variability statistics on all periodic sources, and compared our results to traditional methods of determining astrophysical variability. We find that $\approx60$\% percent of variable targets, mostly sinusoidal variability, would have been missed using a traditional $varindex$ cut. Most HW Virs, eclipsing systems and all ellipsoidal variables were recovered with a $varindex\,>0.02$. We also find a significant reddening effect, with some variable hot subdwarfs meshing with the main sequence stripe in the Hertzprung-Russell Diagram. Examining the positions of the variable stars in Galactic coordinates, we discover a higher proportion of variable stars within $|b|<25^\circ$ of the Galactic Plane, suggesting that the Galactic Plane may be fertile grounds for future discoveries if photometric surveys can effectively process the clustered field.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS, 14 pages, 11 figures and 1 table, table of periodic sources can be provided upon request
A case study for a tidal interaction between dwarf galaxies in UGC 6741
Creators: name: Paudel, Sanjaya
name: Duc, P. A.
name: Ree, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a case study of the tidal interaction between low mass, star-forming, galaxies initially found exploring the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images and further analyzed with SDSS spectroscopy and UV GALEX photometry. With a luminosity of M$_{r}$ = $-$17.7 mag and exhibiting a prominent tidal filament, UGC 6741 appears as a scale down version of massive gas--rich interacting systems and mergers.The stellar disk of the smaller companion, UGC 6741_B, which is three times less massive, has likely been already destroyed. Both galaxies, which are connected by a 15 kpc long stellar bridge, have a similar oxygen abundance of 12+log(O/H)$\sim$8.3. Several knots of star-forming regions are identified along the bridge, some with masses exceeding $\sim$10$^{7}$ M$_{\sun}$. The most compact of them, which are unresolved, may evolve into globular clusters or Ultra Compact Dwarf galaxies (UCDs). This would be the first time progenitors of such objects are detected in mergers involving dwarf galaxies. UGC 6741 has currently the color and star formation properties of Blue Compact Dwarf galaxies (BCDs). However the analysis of its surface photometry suggests that the galaxy lies within the scaling relations defined by early-type dwarf galaxies (dEs). Thus UGC 6741 appears as a promising system to study the possible transformation of BCDs into dEs, through possibly a merger episode. The frequency of such dwarf-dwarf mergers should now be explored.
description: 8 pages, Accepted for publication in AJ
Radiometric characterization of a triggered narrow-bandwidth single-photon source and its use for the calibration of silicon single-photon avalanche detectors
Creators: name: Georgieva, Hristina
name: López, Marco
name: Hofer, Helmuth
name: Christinck, Justus
name: Rodiek, Beatrice
name: Schnauber, Peter
name: Kaganskiy, Arsenty
name: Heindel, Tobias
name: Rodt, Sven
name: Reitzenstein, Stephan
name: Kück, Stefan
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Technologie
subject: quantum radiometry
subject: quantum metrology
subject: single-photon source
subject: single-photon detector
subject: quantum dot

description: The traceability of measurements of the parameters characterizing single-photon sources, such as photon flux and optical power, paves the way towards their reliable comparison and quantitative evaluation. In this paper, we present an absolute measurement of the optical power of a single-photon source based on an InGaAs quantum dot under pulsed excitation with a calibrated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector. For this purpose, a single excitonic line of the quantum dot emission with a bandwidth below 0.1 nm was spectrally filtered by using two tilted interference filters. Since high count rates are essential for many metrological applications, we optimized the setup efficiency by combining high overall transmission of the optical components with a geometrical enhancement of the extraction efficiency of a single quantum dot by a monolithic microlens to reach photon fluxes up to 3.7 * 10^5 photons per second at the SPADs. A relative calibration of two SPAD detectors with a relative standard uncertainty of 0.7% was carried out and verified by the standard calibration method using an attenuated laser. Finally, an Allan deviation analysis was performed giving an optimal averaging time of 92 s for the photon flux.
Census of blue stars in SDSS DR8
Creators: name: Scibelli, Samantha
name: Newberg, Heidi Jo
name: Carlin, Jeffrey L.
name: Yanny, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a census of the 12,060 spectra of blue objects ($(g-r)_0
description: 65 pages, 28 figures; full data tables, online-only figure sets, and data behind the figures are not included in this version; accepted to ApJSuppl
Self-ordered supersolid phase beyond Dicke superradiance in a ring cavity
Creators: name: Deng, Yuangang
name: Yi, Su
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supersolid phase characterized by the superfluid and long-range spatial periodicity of crystalline order is central to many branches of science ranging from condensed matter physics to ultracold atomic physics. Here we study a self-ordered checkerboard supersolid phase originating from dynamical spin-orbit coupling for a transversely pumped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a ring cavity, corresponding to a superradiant anti-Tavis-Cummings phase transition. In particular, an undamped gapless Goldstone mode is observed in contrast to the experimentally realized lattice supersolid with a gapped roton mode for Dicke superradiance. This zero energy mode reveals the rigidity of the self-ordered superradiant phase, which spontaneously breaks a continuous translational symmetry. Our work will highlight the significant opportunities for exploring long-lived supersolid matter by utilizing dynamical spin-orbit coupling in controllable optical cavities.
description: 15 pages, 4+4 figures
Doppler Spectroscopy of an Ytterbium Bose-Einstein Condensate on the Clock Transition
Creators: name: Dareau, A.
name: Scholl, M.
name: Beaufils, Q.
name: Döring, D.
name: Beugnon, J.
name: Gerbier, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe Doppler spectroscopy of Bose-Einstein condensates of ytterbium atoms using a narrow optical transition. We address the optical clock transition around 578 nm between the ${^1}S_0$ and ${^3}P_0$ states with a laser system locked on a high-finesse cavity. We show how the absolute frequency of the cavity modes can be determined within a few tens of kHz using high-resolution spectroscopy on molecular iodine. We show that optical spectra reflect the velocity distribution of expanding condensates in free fall or after releasing them inside an optical waveguide. We demonstrate sub-kHz spectral linewidths, with long-term drifts of the resonance frequency well below 1 kHz/hour. These results open the way to high-resolution spectroscopy of many-body systems.
Gralmonium: Granular Aluminum Nano-Junction Fluxonium Qubit
Creators: name: Rieger, D.
name: Günzler, S.
name: Spiecker, M.
name: Paluch, P.
name: Winkel, P.
name: Hahn, L.
name: Hohmann, J. K.
name: Bacher, A.
name: Wernsdorfer, W.
name: Pop, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mesoscopic Josephson junctions (JJs), consisting of overlapping superconducting electrodes separated by a nanometer thin oxide layer, provide a precious source of nonlinearity for superconducting quantum circuits and are at the heart of state-of-the-art qubits, such as the transmon and fluxonium. Here, we show that in a fluxonium qubit the role of the JJ can also be played by a lithographically defined, self-structured granular aluminum (grAl) nano-junction: a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) JJ obtained in a single layer, zero-angle evaporation. The measured spectrum of the resulting qubit, which we nickname gralmonium, is indistinguishable from the one of a standard fluxonium qubit. Remarkably, the lack of a mesoscopic parallel plate capacitor gives rise to an intrinsically large grAl nano-junction charging energy in the range of tens of $\mathrm{GHz}$, comparable to its Josephson energy $E_\mathrm{J}$. We measure average energy relaxation times of $T_1=10\,\mathrm{μs}$ and Hahn echo coherence times of $T_2^\text{echo}=9\,\mathrm{μs}$. The exponential sensitivity of the gralmonium to the $E_\text{J}$ of the grAl nano-junction provides a highly susceptible detector. Indeed, we observe spontaneous jumps of the value of $E_\text{J}$ on timescales from milliseconds to days, which offer a powerful diagnostics tool for microscopic defects in superconducting materials.
EU-Solidarität in Zeiten von Covid-19
Creators: name: Cicchi, Lorenzo
name: Genschel, Philipp
name: Hemerijck, Anton
name: Nasr, Mohamed
Publisher: name: Nomos
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: EU
subject: COVID-19-Pandemie
subject: Solidarität
subject: 300

description: Der Beitrag berichtet anhand neuer Umfrageergebnisse (April 2020) über die öffentliche Zustimmung zu EU-Solidarität in 13 EU-Mitgliedstaaten und in Großbritannien. Die Analyse ergibt u. a. diese Erkenntnisse: Die Befürwortung variiert je nach geografischer Entfernung, Problematik und empfundenem Nettonutzen für das eigene Land ; sie ist eher durch die Erwartung gegenseitigen Nutzens motiviert als durch Gefühle moralischer Verpflichtung oder gemeinsamer Identität ; die meisten Befragten bevorzugen dauerhafte EU-Vereinbarungen zur Risiko- und Lastenteilung gegenüber einzelfallbasierter Ad-hoc-Hilfe ; eine relative Mehrheit zieht ein beschützendes Europa einem marktschaffenden oder einem globalen Europa mit internationalem Führungsanspruch vor.
Bellicist integration? The war in Ukraine, the European Union and core state powers
Creators: name: Genschel, Philipp
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Core state powers
subject: European Union
subject: Integration theory
subject: State-building
subject: Ukraine
subject: War
subject: 320

description: Kelemen and McNamara claim that the imbalance between the EU’s strong regulatory authority and weak capacity in core state powers reflects its peaceful origins: the EU lacks coercive force, fiscal autonomy and administrative grip because it never had to confront a serious military threat. Will the emergence of such a threat suffice to correct the imbalance? As I argue theoretically, military threats have ambiguous effects on integration. They can fuel center-formation and capacity-building, as Kelemen and McNamara suggest, but also block it. As I show empirically, the military threat posed by the Russian attack of Ukraine in February 2022 has triggered very little EU capacity-building so far. I observe almost no centralization of core state powers but rather a strengthening of national powers with the support of EU institutions: ‘bellicist integration’ rather than ‘bellicist state-building’.
Sweeteners Used by Food Processing Industries in The United States: Their Competitive Position in The Canning Industry
Creators: name: Ballinger, Roy A.
name: Larkin, L. C.
name: Ballinger, Roy A.
name: Larkin, L. C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Industrial Organization
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpt from report Summary: The canning industry (canned, bottled, and frozen foods, jams, jellies, pickles, and preserves) is one of the larger users of sugar and corn sweeteners in the United States. The industry produces a wide range of products, and the type and quantity of sweeteners used in them vary considerably. Since 1952 the use of sweeteners (sugar, dextrose, and corn sirup) in the canning industry has increased at an average rate of about 38,000 tons per year, a gain of about 50 percent. The most rapid increase was in the use of corn sirup more than 100 percent from 1952 through 1961. The use of dextrose fluctuated irregularly during this period and had only a slight upward trend. The use of sugar increased at an average rate of about 31,000 tons per year -- a gain of 49 percent. Canners indicate that relatively lower prices for corn sirup have been an important factor in the more rapid increase in its use instead of sugar.
Photoionization Heating of Nova Ejecta by the Post-Outburst Supersoft Source
Creators: name: Cunningham, Timothy
name: Wolf, William M.
name: Bildsten, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expanding ejecta from a classical nova remains hot enough ($\sim10^{4}\, {\rm K}$) to be detected in thermal radio emission for up to years after the cessation of mass loss triggered by a thermonuclear instability on the underlying white dwarf (WD). Nebular spectroscopy of nova remnants confirms the hot temperatures observed in radio observations. During this same period, the unstable thermonuclear burning transitions to a prolonged period of stable burning of the remnant hydrogen-rich envelope, causing the WD to become, temporarily, a super-soft X-ray source. We show that photoionization heating of the expanding ejecta by the hot WD maintains the observed nearly constant temperature of $(1-4)\times10^4\mathrm{~K}$ for up to a year before an eventual decline in temperature due to either the cessation of the supersoft phase or the onset of a predominantly adiabatic expansion. We simulate the expanding ejecta using a one-zone model as well as the Cloudy spectral synthesis code, both incorporating the time-dependent WD effective temperatures for a range of masses from $0.60\ M_{\odot}$ to $1.10\ M_{\odot}$. We show that the duration of the nearly isothermal phase depends most strongly on the velocity and mass of the ejecta and that the ejecta temperature depends on the WD's effective temperature, and hence its mass.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal
Mixed states for neutral current neutrino oscillation
Creators: name: Ettefaghi, M. M.
name: Ravari, Z. Askaripour
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of neutrino oscillation predicts that if both neutrino and antineutrino coming from $Z_0$ decay are detected, one can observe an oscillation pattern between the corresponding detectors. This prediction is based on two properties; the neutrino-antineutrino pairs are produced coherently and they are detected with definite flavor in detectors. In this paper, we reanalyze this problem by considering some massive neutrinos which are mixed with light neutrinos but they either participate incoherently or are decoupled in the production and detection processes. In fact, neutrinos whose masses are larger than the upper bound on the mass uncertainty to be compatible with the coherence conditions (we will see it is about 1 keV) must be treated incoherently. Very heavy neutrinos whose masses are much larger than the neutrino energy in the neutrino production process are decoupled. Under these conditions, the created neutrino-antineutrino state as well as the states of detected neutrino and antineutrino is mixed. We see that the oscillation pattern cannot be observed for incoherent neutrinos and the standard oscillation pattern is recovered if the light neutrino masses are ignored in the production and detection processes. Moreover, since the $Z_0$ decay process is performed blindly with respect to flavors, the oscillating contributions in the event rates are independent of the $Z_0$ decay width.
description: 10 page
Regular parallelisms on PG(3,R) from generalized line stars: The oriented case
Creators: name: Löwen, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51H10

description: Using the Klein correspondence, regular parallelisms of PG(3,R) have been described by Betten and Riesinger in terms of a dual object, called a hyperflock determining (hfd) line set. In the special case where this set has a span of dimension 3, a second dualization leads to a more convenient object, called a generalized star of lines. Both constructions have later been simplified by the author. Here we refine our simplified approach in order to obtain similar results for regular parallelisms of oriented lines. As a consequence, we can demonstrate that for oriented parallelisms, as we call them, there are distinctly more possibilities than in the non-oriented case. The proofs require a thorough analysis of orientation in projective spaces (as manifolds and as lattices) and in projective planes and, in particular, in translation planes. This is used in order to handle continuous families of oriented regular spreads in terms of the Klein model of PG(3,R). This turns out to be quite subtle. Even the definition of suitable classes of dual objects modeling oriented parallelisms is not so obvious.
Ab-initio QCD calculations impact the inference of the neutron-star-matter equation of state
Creators: name: Gorda, Tyler
name: Komoltsev, Oleg
name: Kurkela, Aleksi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that ab-initio calculations in QCD at high densities offer significant and nontrivial information about the equation of state of matter in the cores of neutron stars, going beyond that which is obtainable from current astrophysical observations. We do so by extrapolating the equation of state to neutron-star densities using a Gaussian process and conditioning it sequentially with astrophysical observations and QCD input. Using our recent work, imposing the latter does not require an extrapolation to asymptotically high density. We find the QCD input to be complementary to the astrophysical observations, offering strong additional constraints at the highest densities reached in the cores of neutron stars; with the QCD input, the equation of state is no longer prior dominated at any density. The QCD input reduces the pressure and speed of sound at high densities, and it predicts that binary collisions of equal-mass neutron stars will produce a black hole with greater than $95\%$ ($68\%$) credence for masses $M \geq 1.38 M_\odot$ ($M \geq 1.25 M_\odot$). We provide a Python implementation of the QCD likelihood function so that it can be conveniently used within other inference setups.
description: Version 2 - published version, minor changes. 11 pages, 8 figures
Revisiting the HD 21749 planetary system with stellar activity modelling
Creators: name: Feng, F.
name: Glazier, A.
name: Flowers, E.
name: Galliher, N.
name: Shporer, A.
name: Vanderburg, A.
name: Nandakumar, S.
name: Mao, S.
name: Huang, C.X.
name: Barbieri, M.
name: Haislip, J.
name: Corbett, H.
name: Beletsky, Y.
name: Feinstein, A.D.
name: Chavez, R.G.
name: Crane, J.D.
name: Teske, J.K.
name: Burt, J.A.
name: Wang, S.X.
name: Dragomir, D.
name: Law, N.M.
name: Gan, T.
name: Shectman, S.A.
name: Montet, B.T.
name: Vasquez, A.
name: Butler, R.P.
name: Batalha, N.E.
name: Ratzloff, J.K.
name: Howard, W.S.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: HD 21749 is a bright (V = 8.1 mag) K dwarf at 16 pc known to host an inner terrestrial planet HD 21749c as well as an outer sub-Neptune HD 21749b, both delivered by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Follow-up spectroscopic observations measured the mass of HD 21749b to be 22.7 ± 2.2 M with a density of 7.0^{+1.6}_{-1.3} g cm-3, making it one of the densest sub-Neptunes. However, the mass measurement was suspected to be influenced by stellar rotation. Here, we present new high-cadence PFS RV data to disentangle the stellar activity signal from the planetary signal. We find that HD 21749 has a similar rotational time-scale as the planet's orbital period, and the amplitude of the planetary orbital RV signal is estimated to be similar to that of the stellar activity signal. We perform Gaussian process regression on the photometry and RVs from HARPS and PFS to model the stellar activity signal. Our new models reveal that HD 21749b has a radius of 2.86 ± 0.20 R, an orbital period of 35.6133 ± 0.0005 d with a mass of Mb = 20.0 ± 2.7 M and a density of 4.8^{+2.0}_{-1.4} g cm-3 on an eccentric orbit with e = 0.16 ± 0.06, which is consistent with the most recent values published for this system. HD 21749c has an orbital period of 7.7902 ± 0.0006 d, a radius of 1.13 ± 0.10 R, and a 3σ mass upper limit of 3.5 M. Our Monte Carlo simulations confirm that without properly taking stellar activity signals into account, the mass measurement of HD 21749b is likely to arrive at a significantly underestimated error bar.
The Model-Based Learning Management to Enhance Critical Thinking and Learning Achievement on the Cell and Cell Function of Grade 10 Students
Creators: name: Pornpimon Phothaisong
Publisher: name: DR.KEN Institute of Academic Development and Promotion.
Year: 2023
Subjects: Model-Based Learning
Learning Achievement
Critical Thinking

description: Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal, 3, 5, 465-480
Crop Production Practices and Costs by Size of Farm, Delta Area, Mississippi, 1957-58
Creators: name: Starbird, Irving R.
name: Vermeer, James
name: Starbird, Irving R.
name: Vermeer, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Production Economics

description: Excerpt from report Summary: This report presents the results of a study of crop production practices, direct costs, and estimated net returns to unpaid labor, land, and management for five crops--cotton, soybeans, corn, oats, and wheat--by size of farm in the Delta area of Mississippi. The basic data were obtained by taking a survey of 163 farm operating units for the crop year 1957 and 160 operating units for the crop year 1958. Of these farm units 126 were in both surveys. Four sizes of farms were selected for analysis, as follows: (1) Less than 60 acres, (2) 60 to 399 acres, (3) 400 to 999 acres, and (4) 1,000 or more acres of cropland per farm. The hypothesis of this study was that lower direct costs per acre and per unit of output are obtained on large farms. The comparative analysis was restricted to direct costs in conjunction with estimates of gross returns per acre. In calculating per acre returns to land and unpaid labor and management, these estimates provided an indication of the relative returns from the various crop alternatives under existing management practices.
Competence versus control: The governor's dilemma
Creators: name: Abbott, Kenneth W.
name: Genschel, Philipp
name: Snidal, Duncan
name: Zangl, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Co-optation
subject: Governance theory
subject: Orchestration
subject: Principal–agent theory
subject: Trusteeship
subject: 320

description: Most governance is indirect, carried out through intermediaries. Principal–agent theory views indirect governance primarily as a problem of information: the agent has an informational advantage over the principal, which it can exploit to evade principal control. But indirect governance creates a more fundamental problem of power. Competent intermediaries with needed expertise, credibility, legitimacy, and/or operational capacity are inherently difficult to control because the policy benefits they can create (or the trouble they can cause) give them leverage. Conversely, tight governor control constrains intermediaries. The governor thus faces a dilemma: emphasizing control limits intermediary competence and risks policy failure; emphasizing intermediary competence risks control failure. This “governor's dilemma” helps to explain puzzling features of indirect governance: why it is not limited to principal–agent delegation but takes multiple forms; why governors choose forms that appear counterproductive in an informational perspective; and why arrangements are frequently unstable.
On the convexity of the KdV Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Kappeler, Thomas
name: Maspero, Alberto
name: Molnar, Jan-Cornelius
name: Topalov, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37K10 (primary), 35Q53, 34B24 (secondary)

description: We prove that the nonlinear part $H^{*}$ of the KdV Hamiltonian $H^{kdv}$, when expressed in action variables $I = (I_{n})_{n\ge 1}$, extends to a real analytic function on the positive quadrant $\ell^2_+(\mathbb N)$ of $\ell^{2}(\mathbb N)$ and is strictly concave near $0$. As a consequence, the differential of $H^{*}$ defines a local diffeomorphism near $0$ of $\ell_{\mathbb C}^{2}(\mathbb N)$.
description: 48 pages
From core collapse to superluminous: The rates of massive stellar explosions from the Palomar Transient Factory
Creators: name: Vincenzi, M.
name: Law, N.M.
name: Sullivan, M.
name: Nugent, P.E.
name: Frohmaier, C.
name: Smith, M.
name: Quimby, R.M.
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Kulkarni, S.R.
name: Cenko, S.B.
name: Angus, C.R.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2021

description: We present measurements of the local core-collapse supernova (CCSN) rate using SN discoveries from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). We use a Monte Carlo simulation of hundreds of millions of SN light-curve realizations coupled with the detailed PTF survey detection efficiencies to forward model the SN rates in PTF. Using a sample of 86 CCSNe, including 26 stripped-envelope SNe (SESNe), we show that the overall CCSN volumetric rate is CCv=9.10-1.27+1.56× 10-5SNe yr-1Mpc-3, h703 at za = 0.028, and the SESN volumetric rate is SEv=2.41-0.64+0.81× 10-5SNe yr-1Mpc-3, h703. We further measure a volumetric rate for hydrogen-free superluminous SNe (SLSNe-I) using eight events at z ≤ 0.2 of SLSN-Iv=35-13+25 SNe yr-1Gpc-3, h703, which represents the most precise SLSN-I rate measurement to date. Using a simple cosmic star formation history to adjust these volumetric rate measurements to the same redshift, we measure a local ratio of SLSN-I to SESN of ∼1/810+1500-94, and of SLSN-I to all CCSN types of ∼1/3500+2800-720. However, using host galaxy stellar mass as a proxy for metallicity, we also show that this ratio is strongly metallicity dependent: in low-mass (logM∗ < 9.5 M·) galaxies, which are the only environments that host SLSN-I in our sample, we measure an SLSN-I to SESN fraction of 1/300+380-170 and 1/1700+1800-720 for all CCSN. We further investigate the SN rates a function of host galaxy stellar mass, and show that the specific rates of all CCSNe decrease with increasing stellar mass.
Star-specific Key-homomorphic PRFs from Learning with Linear Regression
Creators: name: Sehrawat, Vipin Singh
name: Yeo, Foo Yee
name: Vassilyev, Dmitriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a novel method to derandomize the learning with errors (LWE) problem by generating deterministic yet sufficiently independent LWE instances that are constructed by using linear regression models, which are generated via (wireless) communication errors. We also introduce star-specific key-homomorphic (SSKH) pseudorandom functions (PRFs), which are defined by the respective sets of parties that construct them. We use our derandomized variant of LWE to construct a SSKH PRF family. The sets of parties constructing SSKH PRFs are arranged as star graphs with possibly shared vertices, i.e., the pairs of sets may have non-empty intersections. We reduce the security of our SSKH PRF family to the hardness of LWE. To establish the maximum number of SSKH PRFs that can be constructed -- by a set of parties -- in the presence of passive/active and external/internal adversaries, we prove several bounds on the size of maximally cover-free at most $t$-intersecting $k$-uniform family of sets $\mathcal{H}$, where the three properties are defined as: (i) $k$-uniform: $\forall A \in \mathcal{H}: |A| = k$, (ii) at most $t$-intersecting: $\forall A, B \in \mathcal{H}, B \neq A: |A \cap B| \leq t$, (iii) maximally cover-free: $\forall A \in \mathcal{H}: A \not\subseteq \bigcup\limits_{\substack{B \in \mathcal{H} \\ B \neq A}} B$. For the same purpose, we define and compute the mutual information between different linear regression hypotheses that are generated from overlapping training datasets.
description: This is the preprint of a paper published in IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 73235-73267, 2023
Revenues and Expenditures of State and Local Governments in the Great Plains
Creators: name: Stocker, Frederick D.
name: Stocker, Frederick D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1963
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Excerpt from report Summary: Expenditures and revenues of the Plains States conform in many respects to a common pattern; this pattern differs insignificant ways from that outside the Plains. There are contrasts also between the individual States in the region and between the Southern Plains (Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico) and the Northern Plains States (North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana). Generally speaking, State and local governments spend substantially more per capita in the Plains States than the U. S. average. The same was true of expenditure in relation to per capita personal income. The above average level of per capita public expenditure in the Great Plains requires above-average revenues. To a large extent this need is met by revenue from the Federal Government. Wyoming especially obtains a large proportion of general revenue from the Federal Government, but all 10 Plains States are above the U, S. average. In addition, the Plains States cover a larger share of their expenditures from charges and miscellaneous revenues than do most other States. All except Kansas and Montana were above the U. S. average in 1960 in the proportion of general revenue derived from these sources. Such revenues include fees and rentals on public lands and oil and mineral royalties.
Recent Population Trends in The United States with Emphasis on Rural Areas
Creators: name: Beale, Calvin L.
name: Bogue, Donald J.
name: Beale, Calvin L.
name: Bogue, Donald J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1963
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Excerpt from the report Highlights: The population of the United States has recently grown by 2.9 million persons per year. By September 1962 the total passed the 187 million mark, and unless a sharp downturn in birth rate occurs it will exceed 210 million by 1970. In rural United States, there have never before been so many areas declining in population at a time when most urban areas are growing rapidly. Never before have there been such disparities in the age distribution of farm and nonfarm populations as there are now, nor such differences in the directions in which the distributions are changing. Because of the heavy outmigration of young adults, in some rural areas births have declined to the point that they no longer exceed deaths. The revolution in agricultural life and technology that has fostered the loss of farm population has by no means been completed.
Developing an Achievement Using Kahoot Games of Biographies and Works on Important Personnel in Thai Nation Creation of 8 Grade Students at Demonstration School of Thepsatri Rajabhat University
Creators: name: Veeravit Boonsong
Publisher: name: DR.KEN Institute of Academic Development and Promotion.
Year: 2023
Subjects: Kahoot Game
Learning Management by Using Games
Academic Achievement

description: Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal, 3, 5, 835-850