cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Entropy of a self-gravitating electrically charged thin shell and the black hole limit
Creators: name: Lemos, José P. S.
name: Quinta, Gonçalo M.
name: Zaslavskii, Oleg B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A static self-gravitating electrically charged spherical thin shell embedded in a (3+1)-dimensional spacetime is used to study the thermodynamic and entropic properties of the corresponding spacetime. Inside the shell, the spacetime is flat, outside it is Reissner-Nordström, and this establishes the energy density, the pressure, and the electric charge in the shell. Imposing that the shell is at a given local temperature and that the first law of thermodynamics holds on the shell one can find the integrability conditions for the temperature and for the thermodynamic electric potential, the thermodynamic equilibrium states, and the thermodynamic stability conditions. Through the integrability conditions and the first law of thermodynamics an expression for the shell's entropy can be calculated. It is found that the shell's entropy is a function of the shell's gravitational and Cauchy radii alone. A plethora of sets of temperature and electric potential equations of state can be given. One set of equations of state is related to the Hawking temperature and a precisely given electric potential. Then, as one pushes the shell to its own gravitational radius and the temperature is set precisely equal to the Hawking temperature, so that there is a finite quantum backreaction, one finds that the entropy of the shell equals the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy for a black hole. Other set of equations of state are given and the thermodynamic properties analyzed. Whatever the initial equation of state for the temperature, as the shell radius approaches its own gravitational radius, the quantum backreaction imposes the Hawking temperature for the shell in this limit. Thus, when the shell's radius is sent to the shell's own gravitational radius the formalism developed allows to find the precise form of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the correlated black hole.
description: 15 pages, no figures, minor changes
Generating folded protein structures with a lattice chain growth algorithm
Creators: name: Tropsha, Alexander
name: Schlick, Tamar
name: Gan, Hin Hark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: We present a new application of the chain growth algorithm to lattice generation of proteinstructure and thermodynamics. Given the difficulty of ab initioproteinstructure prediction, this approach provides an alternative to current folding algorithms. The chain growth algorithm, unlike Metropolis folding algorithms, generates independent proteinstructures to achieve rapid and efficient exploration of configurational space. It is a modified version of the Rosenbluth algorithm where the chain growth transition probability is a normalized Boltzmann factor; it was previously applied only to simple polymers and protein models with two residue types. The independent protein configurations, generated segment-by-segment on a refined cubic lattice, are based on a single interaction site for each amino acid and a statistical interaction energy derived by Miyazawa and Jernigan. We examine for several proteins the algorithm’s ability to produce nativelike folds and its effectiveness for calculating protein thermodynamics. Thermal transition profiles associated with the internal energy, entropy, and radius of gyration show characteristic folding/unfolding transitions and provide evidence for unfolding via partially unfolded (molten-globule) states. From the configurational ensembles, the proteinstructures with the lowest distance root-mean-square deviations (dRMSD) vary between 2.2 to 3.8 Å, a range comparable to results of an exhaustive enumeration search. Though the ensemble-averaged dRMSD values are about 1.5 to 2 Å larger, the lowest dRMSD structures have similar overall folds to the native proteins. These results demonstrate that the chain growth algorithm is a viable alternative to protein simulations using the whole chain.
Ordering of apolar and polar solutes in nematic solvents
Creators: name: Dingemans, T.
name: Terzis, A. F.
name: Wutz, C.
name: Photinos, D. J.
name: Samulski, E. T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: The quadrupolar splittings of deuteriated para- and ortho-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB and 1,2-DCB, respectively) are measured by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) in the nematic solvents hexyl- and pentyloxy-substituted diphenyl diacetylene (DPDA-C6 and DPDA-OC5, respectively). Measurements are taken for all four combinations of the nominally apolar (1,4-DCB) and polar (1,2-DCB) solutes in the apolar (DPDA-C6) and polar (DPDA-OC5) solvents, and throughout the entire nematic temperature range of the solutions. The temperature dependence of the second-rank orientational order parameters of the solutes are obtained from these measurements and the respective order parameters of the mesogenic cores of solvent molecules are obtained independently from carbon-13 NMR measurements. The order parameter profiles of the two solutes are found to be very different but show little variation from one solvent to the other. The results are analyzed and interpreted in terms of the underlying molecular interactions using atomistic solvent–solute potentials. The influence of electrostaticinteractions on solute ordering is directly evaluated by computing the order parameters with and without the electrostatic component of the atomistic potential. It is observed to be small. It is also found that the important interactions in these solvent–solute systems are operative over short intermolecular distances for which the representation of the partial charge distributions in terms of overall molecular dipole and quadrupole moments is not valid.
Robust Stability of Barrier-Based Model Predictive Control: Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Petsagkourakis, Panagiotis
name: Heath, William
name: Joaquin, Carrasco
name: Theodoropoulos, Constantinos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Model predictive control
Integral quadratic constraints
barriers
input to output stability
robustness

description: Supplementary material, in the form of Appendices A to G, for the paper Robust Stability of Barrier-Based Model Predictive Control, published in IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.
title: Editorial
Creators: name: Connelly, Graham
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2015

description: Mood-changing power is the theme of the moment. Earlier this month – on 1 April 2015 – most of the provisions of the Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 became law. While the Act has provisions which affect all children in Scotland, including the requirement for a 'named person' to provide a single point of contact for each child in the country (a provision which has not been universally welcomed), it is the sections of the Act that have implications for 'looked after' children in particular that will be of most interest to readers of the Journal.
Single Hit Energy-resolved Laue Diffraction
Creators: name: Patel, Shamim
name: Suggit, Matthew J.
name: Stubley, Paul G.
name: Hawreliak, James A.
name: Ciricosta, Orlando
name: Comley, Andrew J.
name: Collins, Gilbert W.
name: Eggert, Jon H.
name: Foster, John M.
name: Wark, Justin S.
name: Higginbotham, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In-situ white light Laue diffraction has been successfully used to interrogate the structure of single crystal materials undergoing rapid (nanosecond) dynamic compression up to megabar pressures. However, information on strain state accessible via this technique is limited, reducing its applicability for a range of applications. We present an extension to the existing Laue diffraction platform in which we record the photon energy of a subset of diffraction peaks. This allows for a measurement of the longitudinal and transverse strains in-situ during compression. Consequently, we demonstrate measurement of volumetric compression of the unit cell, in addition to the limited aspect ratio information accessible in conventional white light Laue. We present preliminary results for silicon, where only an elastic strain is observed. VISAR measurements show the presence of a two wave structure and measurements show that material downstream of the second wave does not contribute to the observed diffraction peaks, supporting the idea that this material may be highly disordered, or has undergone large scale rotation.
Additional file 1 of Anxiety disorders and PTSD in Palestine: a literature review
Creators: name: Marie, Mohammad
name: SaadAdeen, Sana
name: Battat, Maher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Additional file 3 of Immune-related adverse events: a retrospective look into the future of oncology in the intensive care unit
Creators: name: Joseph, Adrien
name: Simonaggio, Audrey
name: Stoclin, Annabelle
name: Vieillard-Baron, Antoine
name: Geri, Guillaume
name: Oudard, Stéphane
name: Michot, Jean-Marie
name: Lambotte, Olivier
name: Azoulay, Elie
name: Lemiale, Virginie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival stratified for class of immune checkpoint inhibitor (p = 0.19) and tumor type (p
Jarzynski Equality, Crooks Fluctuation Theorem and the Fluctuation Theorems of Heat for Arbitrary Initial States
Creators: name: Gong, Zongping
name: Quan, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By taking full advantage of the dynamic property imposed by the detailed balance condition, we derive a new refined unified fluctuation theorem (FT) for general stochastic thermodynamic systems. This FT involves the joint probability distribution functions of the final phase space point and a thermodynamic variable. Jarzynski equality, Crooks fluctuation theorem, and the FTs of heat as well as the trajectory entropy production can be regarded as special cases of this refined unified FT, and all of them are generalized to arbitrary initial distributions. We also find that the refined unified FT can easily reproduce the FTs for processes with the feedback control, due to its unconventional structure that separates the thermodynamic variable from the choices of initial distributions. Our result is heuristic for further understanding of the relations and distinctions between all kinds of FTs, and might be valuable for studying thermodynamic processes with information exchange.
description: 15 pages, 1 table
Generalized density functional theory for degenerate states
Creators: name: Nagy, Á.
name: Bartolloti, L.
name: Liu, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: An extension of density functional theory is proposed for degenerate states. There are suitably selected basic variables beyond the subspace density. Generalized Kohn-Sham equations are derived. A direct method is proposed to ensure the fixed value of ensemble quantities. Then the Kohn-Sham equations are similar to the conventional Kohn-Sham equations. But the Kohn-Sham potential is different for different ensembles. A simple local expression is proposed for the correlation energy.
Large Field Inflation from Axion Mixing
Creators: name: Shiu, Gary
name: Staessens, Wieland
name: Ye, Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the general multi-axion systems, focusing on the possibility of large field inflation driven by axions. We find that through axion mixing from a non-diagonal metric on the moduli space and/or from Stückelberg coupling to a U(1) gauge field, an effectively super-Planckian decay constant can be generated without the need of "alignment" in the axion decay constants. We also investigate the consistency conditions related to the gauge symmetries in the multi-axion systems, such as vanishing gauge anomalies and the potential presence of generalized Chern-Simons terms. Our scenario applies generally to field theory models whose axion periodicities are intrinsically sub-Planckian, but it is most naturally realized in string theory. The types of axion mixings invoked in our scenario appear quite commonly in D-brane models, and we present its implementation in type II superstring theory. Explicit stringy models exhibiting all the characteristics of our ideas are constructed within the frameworks of Type IIA intersecting D6-brane models on T6/OR and Type IIB intersecting D7-brane models on Swiss-Cheese Calabi-Yau orientifolds.
description: v2: references added, typos corrected; v1: 1+85 pages, 4 figures
Steric effect: A quantitative description from density functional theory
Creators: name: Liu, Shubin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The concepts of steric energy, steric potential, and steric charge are introduced within the density functional theory framework. The steric energy, representing a hypothetical state with all electrons packed into the lowest orbital and other effects entirely excluded, is a measure of the intrinsic space occupied by an electronic system. It is exclusive, repulsive, and extensive, and it vanishes for homogeneous electron gas. When Bader's zero-flux boundary condition is adopted, atoms in molecules are found to achieve balanced steric repulsion among one another with vanished steric energy density interfaces. A few molecular systems involving conformation changes and chemical reactions have been investigated to examine the relative contribution of the steric and other effects, providing insights for a few controversial topics from a different perspective.
Additional file 1 of Immune-related adverse events: a retrospective look into the future of oncology in the intensive care unit
Creators: name: Joseph, Adrien
name: Simonaggio, Audrey
name: Stoclin, Annabelle
name: Vieillard-Baron, Antoine
name: Geri, Guillaume
name: Oudard, Stéphane
name: Michot, Jean-Marie
name: Lambotte, Olivier
name: Azoulay, Elie
name: Lemiale, Virginie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Eligibility and classification of patients admitted to the ICU over the study period. ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitor.
Assembling thefacebook: Using heterogeneity to understand online social network assembly
Creators: name: Jacobs, Abigail Z.
name: Way, Samuel F.
name: Ugander, Johan
name: Clauset, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Online social networks represent a popular and diverse class of social media systems. Despite this variety, each of these systems undergoes a general process of online social network assembly, which represents the complicated and heterogeneous changes that transform newly born systems into mature platforms. However, little is known about this process. For example, how much of a network's assembly is driven by simple growth? How does a network's structure change as it matures? How does network structure vary with adoption rates and user heterogeneity, and do these properties play different roles at different points in the assembly? We investigate these and other questions using a unique dataset of online connections among the roughly one million users at the first 100 colleges admitted to Facebook, captured just 20 months after its launch. We first show that different vintages and adoption rates across this population of networks reveal temporal dynamics of the assembly process, and that assembly is only loosely related to network growth. We then exploit natural experiments embedded in this dataset and complementary data obtained via Internet archaeology to show that different subnetworks matured at different rates toward similar end states. These results shed light on the processes and patterns of online social network assembly, and may facilitate more effective design for online social systems.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, Proceedings of the 7th Annual ACM Web Science Conference (WebSci), 2015
TARGET JURNAL : JOURNAL FINDER TOOLS
Creators: name: Suwondo, Suwondo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Journal Finder Tools

description: Pemanfaatan journal finder tools untuk target jurnal dalam publiksi ilmiah. Manfaat menggunakan tools ini: ▸Tool untuk membantu penulis menemukan jurnal yang diharapkan/diinginkan untuk publikasi karya mereka ▸Menemukan jurnal yang cocok untuk naskah baru bagi peneliti baru ▸Memilih jurnal yang baik ▸Memilih jurnal yang mempunyai impact factor yang tinggi yang sesuai dengan subjek naskah penulis. ▸Memilih jurnal terindeks di Scopus dan Clarivate ▸Terhindar dari jurnal predaktor (https://predatoryjournals.com/journals/)
Plane-wave pseudopotential implementation of explicit integrators for time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations in large-scale simulations
Creators: name: Draeger, Erik
name: Schleife, André
name: Kanai, Yosuke
name: Correa, Alfredo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Explicit integrators for real-time propagation of time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations are compared regarding their suitability for performing large-scale simulations. Four algorithms are implemented and assessed for both stability and accuracy within a plane-wave pseudopotential framework, employing the adiabatic approximation to the exchange-correlation functional. Simulation results for a single sodium atom and a sodium atom embedded in bulk magnesium oxide are discussed. While the first-order Euler scheme and the second-order finite-difference scheme are unstable, the fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme is found to be conditionally stable and accurate within this framework. Excellent parallel scalability of the algorithm up to more than a thousand processors is demonstrated for a system containing hundreds of electrons, evidencing the suitability for large-scale simulations based on real-time propagation of time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations.
Evaluation of a multi-barrier household system as an alternative to surface water treatment with microbiological risks
Creators: name: Terin, Ulisses Costa
name: Freitas, Bárbara Luíza Souza
name: de Melo Nasser Fava, Natalia
name: Sabogal-Paz, Lyda Patricia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) are recommended to supply the demand for drinking water in communities without conventional water supply systems. However, there is a lack of long-term laboratory studies regarding such technologies. We evaluated the contributions of each step of a multi-barrier system with pretreatment (sedimentation and fabric filtration), filtration in Household Slow Sand Filters (HSSFs) and disinfection (sodium hypochlorite) treating surface water for more than 14 consecutive months. Removal of turbidity, colour, organic matter, coliform group bacteria and protozoa were evaluated. Two HSSF models were compared, one with a diffuser vessel (HSSF-d) and one with a gravity float equipped vessel (HSSF-f). Correlations between efficiency and operational parameters were assessed. Overall, the multi-barrier system removed more than 90% of turbidity and more than 3.5 log of Escherichia coli. HSSF removed up to 3.0 log of Giardia spp. and 2.4 log of Cryptosporidium spp. HSSF-f presented significantly higher removal rates for turbidity, apparent colour and E. coli. Disinfection resulted in water with E. coli concentration lower than 1 CFU 100mL−1, however it was not able to inactivate protozoa. The evaluated system was able to reduce microbiological risks from water and could indeed be an alternative to communities that depend on surface water as their main source of supply. Nevertheless, further studies are recommended to include a low-cost disinfectant for protozoa inactivation.
Additional file 1 of ‘What do you mean by ethical compass?’ Bachelor students’ ideas about being a moral professional
Creators: name: Stekelenburg, Lieke H. Van
name: Smerecnik, Chris
name: Sanderse, Wouter
name: Doret J. De Ruyter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Categories, sub-categories and key codes repondents.
Private speech of multilingual English learners: A cultural-historical study
Creators: name: DANESHFAR, SAMRAN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470306
subject: English as a second language
classificationCode: 390108
subject: LOTE, ESL and TESOL curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 520102
subject: Educational psychology

description: This research investigates how adult multilingual learners develop English skills through private speech, their out-loud self-talk during activities. The study explores how private speech aids language learning during problem-solving tasks within Vygotsky's theory. 15 adult multilingual English learners with Kurdish and Persian backgrounds participated. Findings reveal private speech's regulatory role in English, with Kurdish and Persian used contextually and for translation. The study emphasises a developmental approach to comprehending connections between private speech, social speech, and inner speech in language learning. Valuable insights are provided into the role of private speech in enhancing multilingual learners' English language development.
Different Signaling Pathways Mediate Regenerative versus Developmental Sensory Axon Growth
Creators: name: Snider, William D.
name: Liu, Rong-Yu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Recent advances in defining neurotrophin signaling mediators have provided insights into the signal transduction mechanisms that underlie axon growth. Evidence is accumulating that major Trk effectors regulate the morphological development of embryonic peripheral neurons. Less is known about signaling related to the robust axon extension that follows peripheral axotomy of adult neurons. Regenerative axon growth can be mimicked in vitro by a "conditioning" lesion performed 2 weeks before culture (Smith and Skene, 1997). Previous work has implicated both neurotrophins and cytokines in this response. Because signal transduction mediators of both of these families of growth factors are well characterized, we have compared the role of neurotrophin and cytokine signaling in developmental versus regenerative sensory axon growth. Chemical inhibitors were administrated to embryonic and axotomized sensory neurons in vitro to block the activation of Erk kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-K), and janus kinase (JAK) signaling. As expected, both MEK and PI3-K inhibition blocked axon growth from both naive and NGF-stimulated embryonic day 13 sensory neurons, whereas inhibition of JAK phosphorylation had no effect. In contrast, neither MEK nor PI3-K inhibitors blocked elongation of adult sensory neurons after a conditioning lesion. However, the addition of a JAK2 inhibitor prevented the regenerative axon response. Consistent with these pharmacological results, the percentage of neurons showing intense nuclear signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 phosphorylation after a conditioning lesion was markedly increased compared with controls. These observations demonstrate that the signaling mediators that underlie regenerative axon growth are distinct from those used during development and suggest that cytokine signaling may be critical to peripheral nervous system regeneration.
Additional file 4 of Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of candidemia in critically ill patients in Germany: a single-center retrospective 10-year analysis
Creators: name: Schroeder, Maria
name: Weber, Theresa
name: Denker, Timme
name: Winterland, Sarah
name: Wichmann, Dominic
name: Rohde, Holger
name: Ann-Kathrin Ozga
name: Fischer, Marlene
name: Kluge, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4. Distribution of C. albicans versus non-albicans Candida spp. between 2008 and 2017.
A Comprehensive Archival Search for Counterparts to Ultra-Compact High Velocity Clouds: Five Local Volume Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Sand, D. J.
name: Crnojević, D.
name: Bennet, P.
name: Willman, B.
name: Hargis, J.
name: Strader, J.
name: Olszewski, E.
name: Tollerud, E. J.
name: Simon, J. D.
name: Caldwell, N.
name: Guhathakurta, P.
name: James, B. L.
name: Koposov, S.
name: McLeod, B.
name: Morrell, N.
name: Peacock, M.
name: Salinas, R.
name: Seth, A. C.
name: Stark, D. P.
name: Toloba, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report five Local Volume dwarf galaxies (two of which are presented here for the first time) uncovered during a comprehensive archival search for optical counterparts to ultra-compact high velocity clouds (UCHVCs). The UCHVC population of HI clouds are thought to be candidate gas-rich, low mass halos at the edge of the Local Group and beyond, but no comprehensive search for stellar counterparts to these systems has been presented. Careful visual inspection of all publicly available optical and ultraviolet imaging at the position of the UCHVCs revealed six blue, diffuse counterparts with a morphology consistent with a faint dwarf galaxy beyond the Local Group. Optical spectroscopy of all six candidate dwarf counterparts show that five have an H$α$-derived velocity consistent with the coincident HI cloud, confirming their association, the sixth diffuse counterpart is likely a background object. The size and luminosity of the UCHVC dwarfs is consistent with other known Local Volume dwarf irregular galaxies. The gas fraction ($M_{HI}/M_{star}$) of the five dwarfs are generally consistent with that of dwarf irregular galaxies in the Local Volume, although ALFALFA-Dw1 (associated with ALFALFA UCHVC HVC274.68+74.70$-$123) has a very high $M_{HI}/M_{star}$$\sim$40. Despite the heterogenous nature of our search, we demonstrate that the current dwarf companions to UCHVCs are at the edge of detectability due to their low surface brightness, and that deeper searches are likely to find more stellar systems. If more sensitive searches do not reveal further stellar counterparts to UCHVCs, then the dearth of such systems around the Local Group may be in conflict with $Λ$CDM simulations.
description: 18 pages, 4 tables, 4 figures, ApJ Accepted
Evaluation of a multi-barrier household system as an alternative to surface water treatment with microbiological risks
Creators: name: Terin, Ulisses Costa
name: Freitas, Bárbara Luíza Souza
name: de Melo Nasser Fava, Natalia
name: Sabogal-Paz, Lyda Patricia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) are recommended to supply the demand for drinking water in communities without conventional water supply systems. However, there is a lack of long-term laboratory studies regarding such technologies. We evaluated the contributions of each step of a multi-barrier system with pretreatment (sedimentation and fabric filtration), filtration in Household Slow Sand Filters (HSSFs) and disinfection (sodium hypochlorite) treating surface water for more than 14 consecutive months. Removal of turbidity, colour, organic matter, coliform group bacteria and protozoa were evaluated. Two HSSF models were compared, one with a diffuser vessel (HSSF-d) and one with a gravity float equipped vessel (HSSF-f). Correlations between efficiency and operational parameters were assessed. Overall, the multi-barrier system removed more than 90% of turbidity and more than 3.5 log of Escherichia coli. HSSF removed up to 3.0 log of Giardia spp. and 2.4 log of Cryptosporidium spp. HSSF-f presented significantly higher removal rates for turbidity, apparent colour and E. coli. Disinfection resulted in water with E. coli concentration lower than 1 CFU 100mL-1, however it was not able to inactivate protozoa. The evaluated system was able to reduce microbiological risks from water and could indeed be an alternative to communities that depend on surface water as their main source of supply. Nevertheless, further studies are recommended to include a low-cost disinfectant for protozoa inactivation.
Additional file 5 of Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of candidemia in critically ill patients in Germany: a single-center retrospective 10-year analysis
Creators: name: Schroeder, Maria
name: Weber, Theresa
name: Denker, Timme
name: Winterland, Sarah
name: Wichmann, Dominic
name: Rohde, Holger
name: Ann-Kathrin Ozga
name: Fischer, Marlene
name: Kluge, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5. Predictors of mortality 180 days after blood cultures positive for Candida spp. were obtained. Squared symbols indicate hazard ratios, error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.
title: Gender Empowerment in Agriculture Interventions: What Are We Still Missing? Evidence From a Randomized-Controlled Trial Among Coffee Producers in Honduras
Creators: name: Rubio-Jovel, Karla
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 320 Political science (Politics and government)

description: Latin-American coffee production has largely relegated women to specific family labor tasks, such as berry picking or cooking. But recent years have seen an increasing number of interventions to empower women in the agricultural sector, including coffee. As a contribution to the growing literature on women's empowerment in agriculture, this article draws on a randomized-controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate a gender empowerment project among coffee producers in Honduras. Previous RCT evaluations of gender empowerment interventions have focused on average treatment effects and paid less attention to the diversity of responses in the sample. This article evaluates the effect of a project to empower women in Honduras' coffee sector but pays attention to how the intervention interacted with the amount of land owned by women to produce different outcomes. The intervention consisted of 12 workshops offered to families in 10 coffee-producing groups. The baseline and end-line surveys (2016–2018) included a sample of 88 families (41 intervention and 47 control, from 4 to 5 communities respectively). Results showed limited effects of the intervention on women's empowerment for the pooled sample, but it found heterogeneous positive effects for land-owning women. Women who owned land and received the treatment scored fewer points on a deprivation score, had input over more decisions related to the use of household income, and were more satisfied with their leisure time. For quantity of land owned, this article also found positive heterogeneous effects for the same variables, and additionally for confidence speaking in public. Results suggest that projects to empower women might benefit from a more nuanced approach to the heterogeneity within the target population.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).
Additional file 1 of Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of candidemia in critically ill patients in Germany: a single-center retrospective 10-year analysis
Creators: name: Schroeder, Maria
name: Weber, Theresa
name: Denker, Timme
name: Winterland, Sarah
name: Wichmann, Dominic
name: Rohde, Holger
name: Ann-Kathrin Ozga
name: Fischer, Marlene
name: Kluge, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. a-d: Selected patient characteristics throughout the study period between 2008 and 2017. a) Age, b) Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and c) Simplified Acute Physiology Score on the day of Candida BSI are given as median. d) Surgical admission in %.
Additional file 3 of Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of candidemia in critically ill patients in Germany: a single-center retrospective 10-year analysis
Creators: name: Schroeder, Maria
name: Weber, Theresa
name: Denker, Timme
name: Winterland, Sarah
name: Wichmann, Dominic
name: Rohde, Holger
name: Ann-Kathrin Ozga
name: Fischer, Marlene
name: Kluge, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3. Distribution of Candida spp. in survivors (n = 157) and non-survivors (n = 234) at 180 days. BSI: bloodstream infection.
Anaerobic digestion of urban wastes: integration and benefits of a small-scale system
Creators: name: Angeli, J. R. Bautista
name: LeFloc’h, T.
name: Lakel, A.
name: Lacarrière, B.
name: Andres, Y.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This work presents an integrated approach of anaerobic digestion (AD) at the urban scale, based on on-site collected wastes, experimentation in a pilot reactor, and model approach. To cope with urban waste limitations (season inflow, organic matter decrease, limited area), it was proposed a settlement of wastewater (WW), a drying of food waste (FW), and silage of green waste (GW). The results obtained highlight the performance of these pretreatments to concentrate and/or preserve the organic matter over time. Co-digestion in a 30-liter reactor was then successfully carried out, resulting in an 83% of volatile solids reduction and stable methane production of 321 ml CH4/g VSadd, in 35 days. Finally, we developed a standard neighborhood model with AD based on these experimental results. It appears that 66% of the primary sludge (PS) and 28% of the FWs produced daily could be treated by the proposal process. 14% of the annual production of GW could thus be processed daily. From an energetic point of view, the process generates a surplus of respectively, 2500 MJ/year and 38,000 MJ/year in terms of electricity and heat. The generation of 15 times more heat energy than electricity, supports an installation of anaerobic digestion, close to homes. Moreover, if these results are encouraging, we suggest different scenarios of co-digestion ratios and operational parameters for their optimization.
Voluntary Alcohol Consumption Is Controlled via the Neuropeptide Y Y1 Receptor
Creators: name: Pedrazzini, Thierry
name: Thiele, Todd E.
name: Koh, Ming Teng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: We have shown previously that voluntary ethanol consumption and resistance to ethanol-induced sedation are inversely related to neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in NPY-knock-out (NPY(-/-)) and NPY-overexpressing mice. In the present report, we studied knock-out mice completely lacking the NPY Y1 receptor (Y1(-/-)) to further characterize the role of the NPY system in ethanol consumption and neurobiological responses to this drug. Here we report that male Y1(-/-) mice showed increased consumption of solutions containing 3, 6, and 10% (v/v) ethanol when compared with wild-type (Y1(+/+)) control mice. Female Y1(-/-) mice showed increased consumption of a 10% ethanol solution. In contrast, Y1(-/-) mice showed normal consumption of solutions containing either sucrose or quinine. Relative to Y1(+/+) mice, male Y1(-/-) mice were found to be less sensitive to the sedative effects of 3.5 and 4.0 gm/kg ethanol as measured by more rapid recovery from ethanol-induced sleep, although plasma ethanol levels did not differ significantly between the genotypes. Finally, male Y1(-/-) mice showed normal ethanol-induced ataxia on the rotarod test after administration of a 2.5 gm/kg dose. These data suggest that the NPY Y1 receptor regulates voluntary ethanol consumption and some of the intoxicating effects caused by administration of ethanol.
Differential effects of neurotrophins and schwann cell-derived signals on neuronal survival/growth and synaptogenesis
Creators: name: Feng, Zhi Hua
name: Hung, Hiu Wai
name: Lee, Chi Wai
name: Peng, H. Benjamin
name: Yang, Jie-Fei
name: Dai, Zhengshan
name: Ko, Chien-Ping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Recent studies have shown that the survival of mammalian motoneurons in vitro is promoted by neurotrophins (NTs) and cAMP. There is also evidence that neurotrophins enhance transmitter release.Wethus investigated whether these agents also promote synaptogenesis. Cultured Xenopus spinal cord neurons were treated with a mixture of BDNF, glia-derived neurotrophic factor, NT-3, and NT-4, in addition to forskolin and IBMX or the cell-permeant form of cAMP, to elevate the cAMP level. The outgrowth and survival of neurons were dramatically increased by this trophic stimulation. However, when these neurons were cocultured with muscle cells, the trophic agents resulted in a failure of synaptogenesis. Specifically, the induction ofAChreceptor (AChR) clustering in cultured muscle cells was inhibited at nerve–muscle contacts, in sharp contrast to control, untreated cocultures. Because AChR clustering induced by agrin or growth factor-coated beads in muscle cells was unaffected by trophic stimulation, its effect on synaptogenesis is presynaptic in origin. In the control, agrin was deposited along the neurite and at nerve–muscle contacts. This was significantly downregulated in cultures treated with trophic stimuli. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses showed that this decrease in agrin deposition was caused by an inhibition of agrin synthesis by trophic stimuli. Both agrin synthesis and induction of AChR clustering were restored under trophic stimulation when Schwann cell-conditioned medium was introduced. These results suggest that trophic stimulation maintains spinal neurons in the growth state, and Schwann cell-derived factors allow them to switch to the synaptogenic state.
Frustrated mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising ferrimagnets on a triangular lattice
Creators: name: Žukovič, M.
name: Bobák, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mixed spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising ferrimagnets on a triangular lattice with sublattices A, B and C are studied for two spin value distributions $(S_{\rm A},S_{\rm B},S_{\rm C})=(1/2,1/2,1)$ and $(1/2,1,1)$ by Monte Carlo simulations. The non-bipartite character of the lattice induces geometrical frustration in both systems, which leads to the critical behavior rather different from their ferromagnetic counterparts. We confirm second-order phase transitions belonging to the standard Ising universality class occurring at higher temperatures, however, in both models these change at tricritical points (TCP) to first-order transitions at lower temperatures. In the model $(1/2,1/2,1)$, TCP occurs on the boundary between paramagnetic and ferrimagnetic $(\pm 1/2,\pm 1/2,\mp 1)$ phases. The boundary between two ferrimagnetic phases $(\pm 1/2,\pm 1/2,\mp 1)$ and $(\pm 1/2,\mp 1/2,0)$ at lower temperatures is always first order and it is joined by a line of second-order phase transitions between the paramagnetic and the ferrimagnetic $(\pm 1/2,\mp 1/2,0)$ phases at a critical endpoint. The tricritical behavior is also confirmed in the model $(1/2,1,1)$ on the boundary between the paramagnetic and ferrimagnetic $(0,\pm 1,\mp 1)$ phases.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures
Perinatal neurosteroid levels influence GABAergic interneuron localization in adult rat prefrontal cortex
Creators: name:  Morrow, A. Leslie
name:  Lieberman, Jeffrey A.
name:  Heenan, Erin J.
name:  Grobin, A. Christina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Neurosteroids are a class of steroids synthesized de novo in the brain, several of which are potent modulators of GABAA receptor function. In developing brain GABAA receptor, stimulation plays a trophic role. Cortical levels of the GABAergic neurosteroid 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP) vary dramatically across development; during the second week of life, elevated levels of 3α,5α-THP are associated with decreased GABAA receptor function. To determine whether alteration of endogenous 3α,5α-THP levels during development alters GABAergic interneurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC) at maturity, rat pups were exposed to 3α,5α-THP (10 mg/kg) on postnatal day 1 (P1), P2, and P5. On P80, frontal cortex tissue was assayed for GABAergic cell localization (parvalbumin and calbindin immunoreactivity), agonist-dependent [3H] dizocilpine (MK-801) binding to NMDA receptors in cortical homogenates, muscimol-mediated 36Cl- influx into synaptoneurosomes, and 3α,5α-THP levels. The localization of parvalbumin-labeled cells was markedly altered; the ratio of cell number in the deep layers (V-VI) versus superficial layers (I-III) of adult PFC increased twofold in animals exposed to 3α,5α-THP on P1 or P5. Relative microtubule-associated protein-2 and calbindin immunoreactivity were not altered by perinatal 3α,5α-THP administration. Agonist-dependent [3H]MK-801 binding was decreased in PFC but not parietal cortex homogenates, whereas muscimolmediated 36Cl- influx and 3α,5α-THP levels were unchanged in frontal cortex of adult males exposed to 3α,5α-THP on P5. These data are consistent with a change in the distribution of a subset of interneurons in response to neurosteroid exposure and suggest that GABAergic neurosteroids are critical for normal development of GABAergic systems in the PFC.
Teacher-created video instruction in the primary school classroom: how does using teacher-created video instruction impact on students and teachers?
Creators: name: Torrington, Jodie
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that teacher-created computer-based video instruction (CBVI) using iPads had on students’ academic, behavioural and affective learning in primary school classrooms. Despite the proliferation of multimedia devices into primary school classrooms, there is limited evidence examining teacher-created video instruction in this context, particularly regarding its effect on academic growth and holistic engagement. The video instruction created for this study applied both Cognitive Load Theory (Kirschner, Sweller, & Clark, 2006; R. E. Mayer, 2004) and multimedia design principles (Fiorella & Mayer, 2018; R. Mayer, 2014; R. E. Mayer, 2008). This aimed to optimise student cognitive engagement with the video instruction and provided a solid theoretical and evidence-based justification for CBVI to be used as a pedagogical method in the primary school classroom. The study used a repeated-measures design with counterbalancing to measure the effects of using CBVI during mathematics lessons on student mathematical achievement scores, time-on task and attitudes towards learning in mathematics. Three Year 3 classes (n = 49) completed three mathematics lessons, each one using a different mode of instruction: CBVI created by the regular class teacher, CBVI created by a stranger, and a traditional live lesson delivered by the regular class teacher. Results were statistically analysed using a Linear Mixed Model. No significant growth in learning was detected during the video modes of instruction, however a significant growth result was achieved for the traditional live teaching mode (p=0.000), which was unexpected. Behavioural engagement was considerably higher during the CBVI lessons than traditional live lessons and students preferred their teacher’s voice on the video. The three teachers were also interviewed to examine how CBVI in mathematics changed the dynamics in the classroom and affected their teaching. Two main themes emerged from these teacher perceptions: 1) The impact of CBVI for students; and 2) the impact on teacher wellbeing. This research provides evidence to contribute to educational technology research, specifically, that there are benefits for students and teachers when using teacher-created CBVI. Further research is needed to better understand the factors that influence cognitive development of students using CBVI and to also explore the effect of utilising this pedagogical method on teacher wellbeing.