cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Ultrahydrating Polymer that Protects Protein Therapeutics and RNA-Lipid Nanoparticles Against Freezing, Heat and Lyophilization Stress
Creators: name: Herrmann, Anna
name: Abbina, Srinivas
name: Bathula, Nuthan Vikas
name: Nouri, Peyman Malek Mohammadi
name: Chafeeva, Irina
name: Constantinescu, Iren
name: Abbasi, Emaan
name: Abbasi, Usama
name: Drayton, Matthew
name: Haag, Rainer
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: cryopreservation
subject: heat stabilization
subject: lyophilization
subject: mRNA/saRNA lipid nanoparticles
subject: polymer topology
subject: protein therapeutics
subject: universal polymer excipient
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: RNA and protein-based therapeutics constitute almost half of recent drug approvals and receive considerable attention within biotechnology industries. Ensuring their stability and longevity in the context of heat, freezing, and lyophilization processes are paramount to a successful deployment. However, the advancement of formulations designed to achieve this goal is still in its nascent phase. To address these challenges, a new class of semi-dendritic hydrophilic polymer with extended linear units is reported, which showcase very high hydration. These novel polymers demonstrated exceptional efficacy in preserving messenger RNA- (mRNA-) and self-amplifying RNA- (saRNA-) lipid nanoparticles during freezing and lyophilization. Additionally, they have been found to protect therapeutic proteins against external stressors such as freezing, heat, and lyophilization. These polymers are non-toxic, which enables their utilization at high concentrations and eliminates the requirement for removal prior to administration. It is found that their unique topology contributes to the high hydration. These excipients are anticipated to create new prospects in biotechnology, food science, and cryopreservation.
Studies on the photochemical oxidation of N,N-diacyl-1,4-dihydropyrazine derivatives
Creators: name: Tan, Hong-bo
name: Zhong, Qi-di
name: Yan, Hong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The photochemical oxidation of N,N-diacyl-1,4-dihydropyrazines was investigated by irradiation from a medium-pressure mercury lamp. The main products of the photooxygenation were isolated and unambiguously confirmed by 1H NMR spectra, 13C NMR spectra, H-H, C-H correlation spectra, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. The complicated NMR spectra of main products were studied by variable-temperature NMR experiments. The mechanism of the photooxygenation of N,N-diacyl-1,4-dihydropyrazines is suggested to be a [2 + 2] cycloaddition of oxygen to the double bond.
(Re-)Packaging Knowledge and The Business of Format: Benjamin Martin's The General Magazine of Arts and Sciences (1755–64)
Creators: name: Schwalm, Helga
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: dissemination of knowledge
subject: format
subject: magazine
subject: reading
subject: scientific textbooks
subject: seriality
subject: 940 Geschichte Europas

description: Benjamin Martin was an itinerant lecturer, instrument maker, and the author of a substantial number of textbooks mainly in the sciences. His biggest project, however, was The General Magazine of Arts and Sciences (1755–64), dedicated to the dissemination of knowledge to a broad audience. Rather than study Martin's works with regard to the history of science, this article examines his publications in terms of their highly self‐conscious engagement with form and format. While his textbooks are concerned with economic compression, his periodical General Magazine experiments with a special, unwieldy mode of seriality that brings to the fore the role of format as well as the precarious status of seriality for the purposes of knowledge dissemination.
Studies on the Photochemical Oxidation ofN,N-Diacyl-1,4-dihydropyrazine Derivatives
Creators: name: Yan, Hong
name: Tan, Hong-bo
name: Zhong, Qi-di
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Physics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: sThe photochemical oxidation of N,N-diacyl-1,4-dihydropyrazines was investigated by irradiation from a medium-pressure mercury lamp. The main products of the photooxygenation were isolated and unambiguously confirmed by 1H NMR spectra, 13C NMR spectra, H-H, C-H COSY spectra and HRMS and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complicated NMR spectra of main products were studied by variable-temperature NMR experiments. The mechanism of the photooxygenation of N,N-diacyl-1,4-dihydropyrazines is suggested to be a [2 + 2] cycloaddition of oxygen to the double bond.
title: 03_0803
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
title: Coronary CT Angiography: Evaluation of The Radiation Dose and Image Quality with Prospectively Gated Transverse Technique.
Creators: name: EL HEDHILI, FATEN
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Prospective
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Cardiac
subject: Action 4 - Dose management systems

description: Background/introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and recommendations Personal/organisational information References
description: Background/introduction: Coronary pathology is a frequent pathology presenting many complications which can be life-threatening. Coronary angiography is considered as the gold standard for exploring coronary arteries. But it is an expansive and invasive technique [1]....
Landmark knowledge overrides optic flow in honeybee waggle dance distance estimation
Creators: name: Menzel, Randolf
name: Galizia, C. Giovanni
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Honeybees
subject: Waggle dance
subject: Optic flow
subject: Distance code
subject: Landscape memory
subject: Exploratory learning
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Honeybees encode in their waggle dances the vector (distance and direction) of an outbound flight to a food source or a new nest site. Optic flow has been identified as the major source of information in the distance estimation. Additional components of distance estimation were also identified, e.g. the sequence of experienced landmarks. Here we address the question of whether bees also use the landscape memory developed during exploratory orientation flights to estimate distance. We took advantage of the fact that flights in a narrow tunnel lead to further distance measures due to higher optic flow. We find that this effect is lost when bees had explored the area in which the tunnel is located and when they have somewhat restricted visual access to the surrounding environment through the mesh on top of the tunnel. These data are interpreted in the context of other findings about the structure of navigational memory in bees that develops during exploratory orientation flights. In particular, the data suggest that bees embed distance measures into a representation of navigational space that stores previously experienced landscape features.
Effects of skeleton structure on necrosis targeting and clearance properties of radioiodinated dianthrones
Creators: name: Zhang, Dongjian
name: Jiang, Cuihua
name: Yang, Shengwei
name: Gao, Meng
name: Huang, Dejian
name: Wang, Xiaoning
name: Shao, Haibo
name: Feng, Yuanbo
name: Sun, Ziping
name: Ni, Yicheng
name: Zhang, Jian
name: Yin, Zhiqi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Necrosis avid agents (NAAs) can be used for diagnose of necrosis-related diseases, evaluation of therapeutic responses and targeted therapeutics of tumor. In order to probe into the effects of molecular skeleton structure on necrosis targeting and clearance properties of radioiodinated dianthrones, four dianthrone compounds with the same substituents but different skeletal structures, namely Hypericin (Hyp), protohypericin (ProHyp), emodin dianthrone mesomer (ED-1) and emodin dianthrone raceme (ED-2) were synthesized and radioiodinated. Then radioiodinated dianthrones were evaluated in vitro for their necrosis avidity in A549 lung cancer cells untreated and treated with H2O2. Their biodistribution and pharmacokinetic properties were determined in rat models of induced necrosis. In vitro cell assay revealed that destruction of rigid skeleton structure dramatically reduced their necrosis targeting ability. Animal studies demonstrated that destruction of rigid skeleton structure dramatically reduced the necrotic tissue uptake and speed up the clearance from the most normal tissues for the studied compounds. Among these 131I-dianthrones, 131I-Hyp exhibited the highest uptake and persistent retention in necrotic tissues. Hepatic infarction could be clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using 131I-Hyp as an imaging probe. The results suggest that the skeleton structure of Hyp is the lead structure for further structure optimization of this class of NAAs.
Orphan CpG islands define a novel class of highly active enhancers
Creators: name: Bell, Joshua S. K.
name: Vertino, Paula M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: CpG islands (CGI) are critical genomic regulatory elements that support transcriptional initiation and are associated with the promoters of most human genes. CGI are distinguished from the bulk genome by their high CpG density, lack of DNA methylation, and euchromatic features. While CGI are canonically known as strong promoters, thousands of ‘orphan’ CGI lie far from any known transcript, leaving their function an open question. We undertook a comprehensive analysis of the epigenetic state of orphan CGI across over 100 cell types. Here we show that most orphan CGI display the chromatin features of active enhancers (H3K4me1, H3K27Ac) in at least one cell type. Relative to classical enhancers, these enhancer CGI (ECGI) are stronger, as gauged by chromatin state and in functional assays, are more broadly expressed, and are more highly conserved. Likewise, ECGI engage in more genomic contacts and are enriched for transcription factor binding relative to classical enhancers. In human cancers, these epigenetic differences between ECGI vs. classical enhancers manifest in distinct alterations in DNA methylation. Thus, ECGI define a class of highly active enhancers, strengthened by the broad transcriptional activity, CpG density, hypomethylation, and chromatin features they share with promoter CGI. In addition to indicating a role for thousands of orphan CGI, these findings suggests that enhancer activity may be an intrinsic function of CGI in general and provides new insights into the evolution of enhancers and their epigenetic regulation during development and tumorigenesis.
title: Craniostenosis imaging: optimization of the CT protocol for the right dose
Creators: name: Gentile, Marino
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Pathology
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Developmental disease
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Head and neck
subject: Action 7 - Radiation protection of children

description: Background/introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and recommendations Personal/organisational information References
description: Background/introduction: Craniosynostosis or craniostenosis is one of the most frequent craniofacial malformations of the child, due to the fusion and premature closure of one or more sutures of the skull, with consequent deformity and compression of the brain structures....
Unequal Framing in Times of Hardship? How Newspapers from Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom and Switzerland Portray Syrian and Ukrainian Refugees – Evidence from a Deductive and Inductive Automated Content Analysis
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Lukas Benedikt
name: Hameleers, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: European media
subject: refugee groups
subject: media framing
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen

description: The mostly welcoming attitudes toward refugees from Ukraine stand in stark contrast to restrictive policies and often negative attitudes toward refugees from Syria in Europe. By emphasizing certain aspects of reality whilst leaving out others, media framing plays an important role in the public image of both refugee groups. To better understand how the different refugee groups were framed in European media, we applied Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and a thorough manual analysis and validation process to identify frames from the topic modeling results. We identified eleven generic and issue-specific emphasis frames in a sample of 84,623 newspaper articles from Germany, Spain, the UK, and Switzerland from 2014–2022. The frames were grouped into four overarching frame categories: Fate, Threat, Value and Context Frames. Syrian refugees were mostly portrayed negatively through Threat Frames and Context Frames, whereas more positive humanitarian and victimization perspectives were pronounced in Fate Framing of Ukrainian refugees. The findings indicate more negative and delegitimizing framing patterns in news coverage about Syrian compared to Ukrainian refugees.
title: Deep Learning Model for Cancer Risk from Low Dose Medical Imaging Radiation
Creators: name: Koff, David
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Action 12 - Information for and communication with patients
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: eHealth
subject: Management
subject: CT
subject: Digital radiography
subject: PACS
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Cancer
subject: Retrospective
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Multicentre study

description: Background/introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and recommendations Personal/organisational information References
description: Background/introduction: Medical imaging is a powerful clinical tool that allows health professionals to diagnose their patients without subjecting them to invasive surgery. Although the benefits of medical imaging exams are significant, there are ionizing radiation risks...
title: Audit to assess local practice of wearing film badges during fluoroscopic procedures.
Creators: name: Umer, Ummara
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Action 4 - Dose management systems
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Radiographers
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Angioplasty
subject: Arthrography
subject: Biopsy
subject: Acute
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Occupational / Environmental hazards
subject: Prospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Background/introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and recommendations Personal/organisational information References
description: Background/introduction: Dosimetry audit plays an important role in the development and safety of radiology procedures. The need for dosimetric and geometric accuracy in radiology is well established 1 . Dosimeters are a form of radiation monitoring devices. They are used...
Current developments in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi research and its role in salinity stress alleviation: a biotechnological perspective
Creators: name: Kumar, Ashwani
name: F. Dames, Joanna
name: Gupta, Aditi
name: Sharma, Satyawati
name: A. Gilbert, Jack
name: Ahmad, Parvaiz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology

description: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form widespread symbiotic associations with 80% of known land plants. They play a major role in plant nutrition, growth, water absorption, nutrient cycling and protection from pathogens, and as a result, contribute to ecosystem processes. Salinity stress conditions undoubtedly limit plant productivity and, therefore, the role of AMF as a biological tool for improving plant salt stress tolerance, is gaining economic importance worldwide. However, this approach requires a better understanding of how plants and AMF intimately interact with each other in saline environments and how this interaction leads to physiological changes in plants. This knowledge is important to develop sustainable strategies for successful utilization of AMF to improve plant health under a variety of stress conditions. Recent advances in the field of molecular biology, “omics” technology and advanced microscopy can provide new insight about these mechanisms of interaction between AMF and plants, as well as other microbes. This review mainly discusses the effect of salinity on AMF and plants, and role of AMF in alleviation of salinity stress including insight on methods for AMF identification. The focus remains on latest advancements in mycorrhizal research that can potentially offer an integrative understanding of the role of AMF in salinity tolerance and sustainable crop production.
title: Morphometric Measurements in Pediatric Radiology - How to adjust dose?
Creators: name: Wurm, Martin
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Action 4 - Dose management systems
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Prospective
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Background/introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and recommendations Personal/organisational information References
description: Background/introduction: In pediatric radiology patient dose has a key role in the diagnostic process. It is well-known that children in comparison to adults are significantly more sensitive to ionizing radiation. Current literature suggests pediatric patients to be way...
Asparagusic Golgi Trackers
Creators: name: Saidjalolov, Saidbakhrom
name: Chen, Xiao-Xiao
name: Moreno, Julia
name: Cognet, Michael
name: Wong-Dilworth, Luis
name: Bottanelli, Francesca
name: Sakai, Naomi
name: Matile, Stefan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Fluorescent probes
subject: Golgi trackers
subject: bioimaging
subject: fluorescent flippers
subject: cellular uptake
subject: thiol-mediated uptake
subject: palmitoylation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Thiol-mediated uptake (TMU) is thought to occur through dynamic covalent cascade exchange networks. Here we show that the cascade accounting for TMU of asparagusic acid derivatives (AspA) ends in the Golgi apparatus (G) and shifts from disulfide to thioester exchange with palmitoyl transferases as the final exchange partner. As a result, AspA combined with pH-sensitive fluoresceins, red-shifted silicon-rhodamines, or mechanosensitive flipper probes selectively labels the Golgi apparatus in fluorescence microscopy images in living and fixed cells. AspA Golgi trackers work without cellular engineering and excel with speed, simplicity, generality, and compatibility with G/ER and cis/trans discrimination, morphological changes, anterograde vesicular trafficking, and superresolution imaging by stimulated emission depletion microscopy. Golgi flippers in particular can image membrane order and tension in the Golgi and, if desired, at the plasma membrane during TMU.
Semi-parametric Models for Accelerated Destructive Degradation Test Data Analysis
Creators: name: Yimeng Xie
name: King, Caleb B.
name: Yili Hong
name: Qingyu Yang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Accelerated destructive degradation tests (ADDT) are widely used in industry to evaluate materials' long term properties. Even though there has been tremendous statistical research in nonparametric methods, the current industrial practice is still to use application-specific parametric models to describe ADDT data. The challenge of using a nonparametric approach comes from the need to retain the physical meaning of degradation mechanisms and also perform extrapolation for predictions at the use condition. Motivated by this challenge, we propose a semi-parametric model to describe ADDT data. We use monotonic B-splines to model the degradation path, which not only provides flexible models with few assumptions, but also retains the physical meaning of degradation mechanisms (e.g., the degradation path is monotonic). Parametric models, such as the Arrhenius model, are used for modeling the relationship between the degradation and the accelerating variable, allowing for extrapolation to the use conditions. We develop an efficient procedure to estimate model parameters. We also use simulations to validate the developed procedures and demonstrate the robustness of the semi-parametric model under model misspecification. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated by multiple industrial applications. This paper has online supplementary materials.
title: Top Ten Tips for Appropriate Imaging
Creators: name: Remedios, Denis
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Action 1 - Guidelines, implementation policies, and Clinical Decision Support (ESR iGuide)
subject: Management
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: CT
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Economics
subject: Not applicable
subject: Observational
subject: Not applicable

description: Background/introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and recommendations Personal/organisational information References
description: Background/introduction: Appropriate imaging requires justification of the procedure requested and consideration of the best test first which will answer the clinical question asked. Imaging investigations are not always required for management of a clinical problem and yet...
Simulation-based evaluation of the Pharmpy Automatic Model Development tool for population pharmacokinetic modeling in early clinical drug development
Creators: name: Duvnjak, Zrinka
name: Schaedeli Stark, Franziska
name: Cosson, Valérie
name: Retout, Sylvie
name: Schindler, Emilie
name: Abrantes, João A.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pharmpy Automatic Model Development tool
subject: population pharmacokinetic modeling
subject: early clinical drug development
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: The Pharmpy Automatic Model Development (AMD) tool automates the building of population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models by utilizing a systematic stepwise process. In this study, the performance of the AMD tool was assessed using simulated datasets. Ten true models mimicking classical popPK models were created. From each true model, dataset replicates were simulated assuming a typical phase I study design—single and multiple ascending doses with/without dichotomous food effect, with rich PK sampling. For every dataset replicate, the AMD tool automatically built an AMD model utilizing NONMEM for parameter estimation. The AMD models were compared to the true and reference models (true model fitted to simulated datasets) based on their model components, predicted population and individual secondary PK parameters (SP) (AUC0-24, cmax, ctrough), and model quality metrics (e.g., model convergence, parameter relative standard errors (RSEs), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC)). The models selected by the AMD tool closely resembled the true models, particularly in terms of distribution and elimination, although differences were observed in absorption and inter-individual variability components. Bias associated with the derived SP was low. In general, discrepancies between AMD and true SP were also observed for reference models and therefore were attributed to the inherent stochasticity in simulations. In summary, the AMD tool was found to be a valuable asset in automating repetitive modeling tasks, yielding reliable PK models in the scenarios assessed. This tool has the potential to save time during early clinical drug development that can be invested in more complex modeling activities within model-informed drug development.
Redox-Responsive Hydrogels Loaded with an Antibacterial Peptide as Controlled Drug Delivery for Healing Infectious Wounds
Creators: name: Cherri, Mariam
name: Stergiou, Paraskevi S.
name: Ahmadian, Zainab
name: Povolotsky, Tatyana L.
name: Thongrom, Boonya
name: Fan, Xin
name: Mohammadifar, Ehsan
name: Haag, Rainer
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: antimicrobial drug delivery
subject: biomaterials
subject: hyperbranched polyglycerol
subject: reducible hydrogels
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Infectious wounds occur when harmful microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses invade a wound site. Its problems associated include delayed healing, increased pain, swelling, and the potential for systemic infections. Therefore, developing new wound dressing materials with antibacterial effects is crucial for improving the healing process. Here a redox-degradable hydrogel loaded with an antibacterial peptide (vancomycin) in a straightforward gram-scale synthesis, is developed. The hydrogel structure consists of a disulfide bond-containing hyperbranched polyglycerol (SS-hPG) that is cross-linked by 4-arm polyethylene glycol-thiol (4-arm PEG-SH). The polymerization mechanism and full characterization of SS-hPG are described as this synthesis is reported for the first time. Rheology is used to ascertain the hydrogel's mechanical characteristics, such as stiffness, and self-healing, determining these properties for different ratios and concentrations of both gel components. The incorporation of disulfide bonds in the hydrogel is proved by conducting degradation experiments in reductive environments. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin (FITC-BSA) and vancomycin both are loaded into the gel, and the guest release kinetics is assessed for both slow and on-demand releases. Finally, the in vitro and in vivo experiments prove that the vancomycin-loaded hydrogel acts as an antibacterial barrier for wound dressing and accelerates the healing of infectious wounds in a mouse model.
Density and Differentiation: Cities in Global Social History
Creators: name: Goebel, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: global social history
subject: cities
subject: particular role
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::900 Geschichte::902 Verschiedenes

description: The present article examines the particular role that cities have played, and should play, in global social history. It notes that many of the historiographical discussions that in the past years have addressed the reach and limits of the bourgeoisie and the middle class as a globalized social formation have implicitly focused on cities. It also notes that these discussions have often not been very forthcoming in explicitly acknowledging this urban focus. From this starting point, the present article ponders the implications and ramifications of making this focus more explicit. What do we conclude from the observation that the ‘global bourgeoisie’ or the ‘global middle class’, inasmuch as they existed at all, were quintessentially urban formations? And what do these conclusions, conversely, entail for the field of urban history? Highlighting density and differentiation as key traits of the urban form, the article ultimately argues for greater attention to the spatiality and to the built environment of class formation in global history.
title: Dose Management – Requirements and Recommendations for Users
Creators: name: Loose, Reinhard W.R.
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Action 4 - Dose management systems
subject: Computer applications
subject: Radiation physics
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: CT
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Radiation effects
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Not applicable

description: Background/introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and recommendations Personal/organisational information References
description: Background/introduction: The EuroSafe Imaging campaign is an initiative of ESR (European Society of Radiology). One focus of EuroSafe is to help practitioners in EU member states in the implementation process of the European Directive 2013/59/EURATOM (EU-BSS) [1,2] with...
Standardized error severity score (ESS) ratings to quantify risk associated with child restraint system (CRS) and booster seat misuse
Creators: name: Rudin-Brown, Christina M.
name: Kramer, Chelsea
name: Langerak, Robin
name: Scipione, Andrea
name: Kelsey, Shelley
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Objective: Although numerous research studies have reported high levels of error and misuse of child restraint systems (CRS) and booster seats in experimental and real-world scenarios, conclusions are limited because they provide little information regarding which installation issues pose the highest risk and thus should be targeted for change. Beneficial to legislating bodies and researchers alike would be a standardized, globally relevant assessment of the potential injury risk associated with more common forms of CRS and booster seat misuse, which could be applied with observed error frequency—for example, in car seat clinics or during prototype user testing—to better identify and characterize the installation issues of greatest risk to safety. Methods: A group of 8 leading world experts in CRS and injury biomechanics, who were members of an international child safety project, estimated the potential injury severity associated with common forms of CRS and booster seat misuse. These injury risk error severity score (ESS) ratings were compiled and compared to scores from previous research that had used a similar procedure but with fewer respondents. To illustrate their application, and as part of a larger study examining CRS and booster seat labeling requirements, the new standardized ESS ratings were applied to objective installation performance data from 26 adult participants who installed a convertible (rear- vs. forward-facing) CRS and booster seat in a vehicle, and a child test dummy in the CRS and booster seat, using labels that only just met minimal regulatory requirements. The outcome measure, the risk priority number (RPN), represented the composite scores of injury risk and observed installation error frequency. Results: Variability within the sample of ESS ratings in the present study was smaller than that generated in previous studies, indicating better agreement among experts on what constituted injury risk. Application of the new standardized ESS ratings to installation performance data revealed several areas of misuse of the CRS/booster seat associated with high potential injury risk. Conclusions: Collectively, findings indicate that standardized ESS ratings are useful for estimating injury risk potential associated with real-world CRS and booster seat installation errors.
title: Patient dose survey in state-of-the-art digital mammography and breast tomosynthesis
Creators: name: Bosmans, Hilde
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Screening
subject: Mammography
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Breast
subject: Action 2 - Clinical diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)

description: Background/introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and recommendations Personal/organisational information References
description: Background/introduction: Dosimetry in breast x-ray imaging is important in order to evaluate the potential harm caused to the patient due to ionising radiation. In particular for breast cancer screening dealing with healthy women the risk-benefit balanceshould be carefully...
Densities and excess molar volumes of the binary system N-methyldiethanolamine + (2-aminoethyl)ethanolamine and its ternary aqueous mixtures from 283.15 to 363.15 K
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaopo
name: Chen, Jianlin
name: Wang, Xiaojie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Experimental density data of the binary mixtures of N-methyldiethanolamine + (2-aminoethyl)ethanolamine and the ternary mixtures of N-methyldiethanolamine + (2-aminoethyl)ethanolamine + water were reported at atmospheric pressure over the entire composition range at temperatures from 283.15 to 363.15 K. Density measurements were performed using an Anton Paar digital vibrating U-tube densimeter. Excess molar volumes were calculated from the experimental data and correlated as the Redlich-Kister equation for the binary mixtures, and as the Nagata-Tamura equation for the ternary mixtures. Several empirical models were applied to predict the excess molar volumes of ternary mixtures from the corresponding binary mixture values. It indicates that the best agreement with the experimental data was achieved by the Redlich-Kister, Kohler, and Jacob-Fitzner models.
title: Implementation of do-not-do recommendations in Radiology in a Regional Medical System with the support of the Local Ministry of Health
Creators: name: Perez-Peña del Llano, Mar
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Multicentre study
subject: Observational
subject: Prospective
subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Action 8 - Radiation protection training and learning material

description: Background/introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and recommendations Personal/organisational information References
description: Background/introduction: in 2013 the Spanish Health Ministry organized a National "Not-to-do" campaing with all the National Scientific Comitees involved, asking them to select at least 5 Recommendations in order to implement them in our Health System. • in 2014 our SERAM...
Prevalence and healthcare costs of obesity-related comorbidities: evidence from an electronic medical records system in the United States
Creators: name: Li, Qian
name: C. Huang, Joanna
name: L. Ganz, Michael
name: W. Blume, Steven
name: Hammer, Mette
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Medicine

description: Objective:This study estimated the economic burden of obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs) in the US, at both the person and population levels.Methods:The Geisinger Health System provided electronic medical records and claims between January 2004 and May 2013 for a sample of 153,561 adults (50% males and 97% white). Adults with < 2 years of data, who were underweight (body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2), or had diseases causing major weight change (e.g., malignancy) during the study period (i.e., continuous enrollment in health plans) were excluded. A total of 21 chronic conditions, with established association with obesity in the literature, were identified by diagnosis codes and/or lab test results. The total healthcare costs were measured in each year. The association between annual costs and ORCs was assessed by a regression, which jointly considered all the ORCs. The per-person incremental costs of a single comorbidity, without any of the other ORCs, were calculated. The population-level economic burden was the product of each ORC’s incremental costs and the annual prevalence of the ORC among 100,000 individuals. The prevalence of ORCs was stratified by obesity status to estimate the economic burden among 100,000 individuals with obesity and among those without.Results:This study identified 56,895 adults (mean age = 47 years; mean BMI = 29.6 kg/m2). The annual prevalence of ORCs ranged from 0.5% for pulmonary embolism (PE) to 41.8% for dyslipidemia. The per-person annual incremental costs of a single ORC ranged from $120 for angina to $1665 for PE. Hypertensive diseases (HTND), dyslipidemia, and osteoarthritis were the three most expensive ORCs at the population level; each responsible for ≥$18 million annually among 100 000 individuals. HTND and osteoarthritis were much more costly among individuals with obesity than those without obesity.Limitations:Data were from a small geographic region.Conclusions:ORCs are associated with substantial economic burden, especially for those requiring continuous treatments.
Enhanced Delignification of Wheat Straw by the Combined Effect of Hydrothermal and Fungal Treatments
Creators: name: Ranjani Kannaiyan
name: Mahinpey, Nader
name: Kostenko, Victoria
name: Martinuzzi, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Delignification is the crucial step for the conversion of lignocelluloses to biofuel. In this work, wheat straw delignification was enhanced by a two-step process, comprising hydrothermal and fungal treatments. Wheat straw was exposed to hydrothermal treatment at subcritical temperatures and then subjected to fungal treatment. Lignocellulose hydrolysis rate was significantly higher during the hydrothermal treatment compared to the slower fungal delignification. However, by-products of lignin degradation via hydrothermal treatment were re-deposited on the cellulose fibers as the substrate was cooled to room temperature. It is shown that post-treatment fungi can enhance delignification by degradation of the residual lignin by-products. The effect of fungal delignification of hydrothermally treated substrate was a function of temperature of the hydrothermal process. Compared to the hydrothermal treatment, the novel combined approach, proposed in this study, resulted in two-fold higher delignification and promises to be an effective method for delignified substrate preparation for conversion to biofuel.
Offshore outsourcing and ownership of facilities with productivity concerns
Creators: name: Chakravarty, Amiya K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: We examine how companies may create appropriate portfolios of onshore/offshore facilities. Such decisions are complex due to demand volatility, payoff uncertainty, decentralization, productivity differences, and location uncertainties. We study a Build–Operate–Transfer (BOT) scenario where an offshore supplier builds a facility and trains workers and the principal leases it for a period before purchasing it. The parties participate in BOT only if both are better off in relation to continued leasing. The decisions of the principal and supplier include the size, unit price, and productivity of the offshore facility and an appropriate experience level for managing it. We show how economic equilibrium can be restructured to overcome productivity concerns. Although productivity improvements help both parties, we find that the principal stands to gain more. Such improvements should be scheduled early if the principal is sufficiently experienced in offshore operations and delayed if the on-the-job learning is rapid. We establish that the principal should not purchase the facility if productivity cannot be maintained at a pre-purchase level. We also find that an experienced principal can benefit the supplier, not just herself. We develop simple rules for assessing the viability of offshore outsourcing and for allocating budget for productivity improvement.
title: Overuse of computed tomography for minor head injury in young patients: an analysis of promoting factors
Creators: name: clesceri, giulio
Publisher: name: ESR EuroSafe Imaging
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Case-control study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Acute
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Education
subject: CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Head and neck
subject: Emergency
subject: Emergency Imaging

description: Background/introduction Description of activity and work performed Conclusion and recommendations Personal/organisational information References
description: Background/introduction: The aims was to assess the amount of computed tomography (CT) scans for minor head injury (MHI) performed in young patients in our emergency department (ED), not indicated by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and Canadian...
Modeling for the equitable and effective distribution of food donations under stochastic receiving capacities
Creators: name: Irem Sengul Orgut
name: Ivy, Julie
name: Uzsoy, Reha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present and analyze stochastic models developed to facilitate the equitable and effective distribution of donated food by a regional food bank among the population at risk for hunger. Since demand typically exceeds the donated food supply, the food bank must distribute donated food in an equitable manner while minimizing food waste, leading to conflicting objectives. Distribution to beneficiaries in the service area is carried out by local charitable agencies, whose receiving capacities are stochastic, since they depend on factors (such as their budget and workforce) that vary significantly over time. We develop a single-period, two-stage stochastic model that ensures equitable distribution of food donations when the distribution decisions are made prior to observing capacities at the receiving locations. Shipment decisions made at the beginning of the period can be corrected at an additional cost after the capacities are observed in the second stage. We prove that this model has a newsvendor-type closed-form optimal solution and illustrate our results using historical data from our collaborating food bank.