cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gaussian State Description of Squeezed Light
Creators: name: Petersen, Vivi
name: Madsen, Lars Bojer
name: Molmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Gaussian state description of squeezed light generated in an optical parametric oscillator. Using the Gaussian state description we describe the dynamics of the system conditioned on homodyne detection on the output field. Our theory shows that the output field is squeezed only if observed for long enough times or by a detector with finite bandwidth. As an application of the present approach we consider the use of finite bandwidth squeezed light together with a sample of spin-polarized atoms to estimate a magnetic field.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physical Review A
About the joint measurability of observables
Creators: name: Gallo, Alejandro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: quantum information

description: This report deals with some aspects about the joint measurability of quantum observables. Since W. Heisenberg reviewed the concepts of momentum and position, it has been known that Quantum Mechanics furnishes the impossibility of measuring them together, i.e., it is not possible to measure the one without disturbing the other. This fact holds for many other sets of observables, and it is commonly known by the name of complementarity. Some of the examples taught regularly in introductory Quantum Mechanics courses also deal with these constraints in the quantum measurement, however they are rarely presented in its most generality. The mathematical model describing observables in these courses has severe limitations concerning both theoretical and experimental aspects. Even at the beginning of Quantum Mechanics there were doubts whether or not when measuring the position of some quantum particle the outcome or probability distribution was really that of the model, or otherwise some other fuzzy version of it. It is looking for a complete Theory of Measurement that many aspects discussed in this report arose for the first time. One of these new properties in the Theory of Measurement is the concept of noise, which we will see plays an important role in questions of measurement. In this project we have put our focus on two outcome observables, i.e., physical measurable properties that may have as an outcome one given value or another. We have developed geometrical methods (joint measurability graphs) to visualize and characterize the joint measurability of any set of two outcome observables, together with constraints for noise which must be added to the system in order to make them jointly measurable.
A Neglected Interdependency in Liability Theory
Creators: name: Dharmapala, Dhammika
name: Hoffmann, Sandra A.
name: Schwartz, Warren
name: Dharmapala, Dhammika
name: Hoffmann, Sandra A.
name: Schwartz, Warren
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: law and economics
subject: tort laws

description: The standard economic model of bilateral precaution concludes that (in the absence of uncertainty, misperception, or error) all negligence-based liability rules induce socially optimal behavior by both injurers and victims. This paper generalizes the standard model to consider situations in which one party's precaution affects not only expected accident loss, but also directly affects the other party's effort or cost of taking precaution. If the injurer's care affects the victim's precaution costs (but not vice versa), most of the standard results continue to hold (except for strict liability with a defense of contributory negligence). If the victims precaution affects the injurers costs of care (but not vice versa), only strict liability with a defense of contributory negligence leads to the social optimum, while the other negligence-based rules lead to suboptimal outcomes. In the general case (where each party's costs depend on both parties levels of precaution), none of the standard liability rules induce socially optimal behavior in both parties. The paper's other main result concerns the possibility of self-interested, negligent behavior in equilibrium. Under negligence with a defense of contributory negligence, the only equilibrium is in the mixed strategies of both injurer and victim. This involves the parties choosing (with strictly positive probability) to behave negligently, and gives rise to the possibility of successful litigation in equilibrium, even though there is no uncertainty, misperception, or error. The paper concludes by considering the implications of these results for the design of liability rules.
Strange metal from incoherent bosons
Creators: name: Banerjee, Anurag
name: Grandadam, Maxence
name: Freire, Hermann
name: Pépin, Catherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The breakdown of the celebrated Fermi liquid theory in the strange metal phase is the central enigma of correlated quantum matter. Motivated by recent experiments reporting short-lived carriers, along with the ubiquitous observations of modulated excitations in the phase diagram of cuprates, we propose a model for this phase. We introduce bosons emerging from the remnants of a pair density wave as additional current carriers in the strange metal phase. These bosonic excitations are finite momentum Cooper pairs and thus carry twice the electronic charge, and its net spin can either be zero or one arising from the two spin-$1/2$ electrons. We show that such a model can capture the famous linear relationship of resistivity with temperature and manifests the Drude form of ac-conductivity with a Planckian dissipation rate. Furthermore, such bosons are incoherent and hence do not contribute to the Hall conductivity. The bosons emerging from the electron pairs of spin-triplet symmetry also reproduce the recently observed linear in-field magnetoresistance [P. Giraldo-Gallo et al., Science 361, 479 (2018); J. Ayres et al., arXiv: 2012.01208 (2020)].
description: 21 Pages, 11 figures
Winner, Loser, or Innocent Victim? Has Renewable Energy Performed As Expected?
Creators: name: McVeigh, James
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Darmstadter, Joel
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: McVeigh, James
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Darmstadter, Joel
name: Palmer, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: renewable energy
subject: regulation
subject: electricity generation
subject: energy cost

description: This study provides an evaluation of the performance of five renewable energy technologies used to generate electricity: biomass, geothermal, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, and wind. We compared the actual performance of these technologies against stated projections that helped shape public policy goals over the last three decades. Our findings document a significant difference between the success of renewable technologies in penetrating the U.S. electricity generation market and in meeting cost-related goals, when compared with historic projections. In general, renewable technologies have failed to meet expectations with respect to market penetration. They have succeeded, however, in meeting or exceeding expectations with respect to their cost. To a significant degree, the difference in performance in meeting projections of penetration and cost stem from the declining price of conventional generation, which constitutes a moving baseline against which renewable technologies have had to compete.
Freezing of a soft-core fluid in a one-dimensional potential: Appearance of a locked smectic phase
Creators: name: Kraft, Alexander
name: Klapp, Sabine H. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the phase behaviour of a two-dimensional colloidal model system of ultra-soft particles on a substrate which varies periodically along one spatial direction. Our calculations are based on mean-field density functional theory for a system of particles interacting via an ultra-soft potential, that is, the generalized exponential model with index four (\mbox{GEM-4}). For suitable substrate periodicities (with commensurability parameter $p=2$), we find a succession of phase transitions from a modulated liquid to a locked smectic and then to a locked floating solid phase. The appearance of a locked smectic phase is consistent with earlier theoretical predictions and experiments for freezing of more repulsive systems on structured surfaces (with $p=2$). However, the present ultra-soft system does not display re-entrant melting. We here investigate the details of the density distributions of the different phases, thereby supplementing earlier work on GEM-4 systems with $p=1$ [Phys. Rev. E \textbf{101}, 012609 (2020)]. Interestingly, the observed succession of phase transitions can be triggered through different paths along which physical control parameters are changed.
description: This is an original manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Molecular Physics on 22 Jan 2021, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/00268976.2021.1875078
Philosophy Enters the Optics Laboratory: Bell's Theorem and its First Experimental Tests (1965-1982)
Creators: name: Freire, Olival
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with the ways that the issue of completing quantum mechanics was brought into laboratories and became a topic in mainstream quantum optics. It focuses on the period between 1965, when Bell published what now we call Bell's theorem, and 1982, when Aspect published the results of his experiments. I argue that what was considered good physics after Aspect's experiments was once considered by many a philosophical matter instead of a scientific one, and that the path from philosophy to physics required a change in the physics community's attitude about the status of the foundations of quantum mechanics.
description: 57 pages, accepted by Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics
2003 MICHIGAN UPPER PENINSULA DAIRY BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report summarizes the financial and production records of 19 dairy farms across the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The farms in this report were located throughout Michigan. The records came from Michigan State Universityï¿½s TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follow.
FOCUS GROUPS AS A USEFUL APPROACH TO AGRIBUSINESS RESEARCH
Creators: name: Sterns, James A.
name: Ricks, Donald J.
name: Sterns, James A.
name: Ricks, Donald J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agribusiness
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: As the agricultural economics profession increasingly strives to find relevant and useful approaches for addressing a broad array of research questions, particularly in terms of agribusiness research, there will be a growing need to adopt a wide set of research methods and methodologies. Historical research strategies typically emphasized by agricultural economists have focused primarily on surveys, archival/secondary data and econometrics. However, these approaches are, at times, limited in their applicability and scope relative to some of the research questions that have the greatest priority for agribusiness researchers and their clientele. Some of the research methods now being more widely used by agribusiness-oriented agricultural economists are more qualitative, as is already evident with a growing acceptance of case studies within the profession. This paper discusses an additional qualitative approach that has substantial potential for agribusiness research - focus groups.
ARE POOR FARMERS TO BLAME FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION? RESULTS FROM THE PERUVIAN ALTIPLANO
Creators: name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Quiroz, Roberto
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Quiroz, Roberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Links between poverty and natural resource degradation are examined in the context of soil erosion, fertility loss and overgrazing in the Peruvian Altiplano. Multiple regression analysis of 1999 farm survey data examines 1) what agricultural practices affect natural resource degradation, and then 2) what factors affect farmers' choices of those agricultural practices. Soil erosion and fertility loss appear reduced by increased fallow in crop rotations. Overgrazing and range species loss are affected by changes in herd size and rotational grazing. The effect of investment poverty on natural resource outcomes is not clear. However, social and human capital variables both tend to favor the choice of more sustainable agricultural practices. Natural resource conservation policies that build on traditional social institutions may offer promise in areas with strong social fabric where farmers tend not to invest financially in natural resource conservation.
Modeling the U.S. Domestic Livestock Feed Sector in a Period of Rapidly Expanding By-Product Feed Supplies from Ethanol Production
Creators: name: Ferris, John N.
name: Ferris, John N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Rapidly expanding ethanol production in the U.S. was given further impetus with the passage of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 mandating a minimum production of 7.5 billion gallons of renewable fuels by 2012. The availability of the by-product feeds of ethanol production (corn gluten feed and meal and DDG) has not only become a significant share of the protein feed sector, but also the increase has been and will be extensive. The challenge is how to incorporate these feeds into econometric models of U.S. agriculture and measure their impact on the utilization of other feeds, particularly coarse grain and soybean meal. Another task is to forecast prices on the by-product feeds. This paper suggests a couple of procedures embracing the entire sector of livestock concentrates, including both protein and energy feeds. The feeds were converted into protein equivalents and energy equivalents and introduced into regression equations predicting (1) the amounts of soybean meal and coarse grain fed and (2) the amount of protein feeds utilized in protein equivalents and the amount of all concentrate feeds utilized in energy equivalents. In case (2), the amounts of soybean meal and coarse grain fed were derived by deducting the protein and energy equivalents of the other feeds from the totals predicted. This case was the one selected to be incorporated into AGMOD, an econometric model of U.S. agriculture. To forecast prices on the by-product feeds of ethanol production, synthetic prices for protein and energy were derived from prices on soybean meal and corn. Applying these prices to the ethanol byproduct feeds, values for these feeds were generated. These values were the major explanatory variables associated with the by-product prices supplemented by variables representing the ratios of the utilization of the respective feeds in protein equivalents to the total utilization of protein feeds in protein equivalents. Prices on corn gluten feed and DDG have been declining relative to their values, with continued downward pressure in prospect for prices on DDG in the next 10 years.
Global View of Axion Stars with (Nearly) Planck-Scale Decay Constants
Creators: name: Eby, Joshua
name: Street, Lauren
name: Suranyi, Peter
name: Wijewardhana, L. C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that axion stars formed from axions with nearly Planck-scale decay constants $f$ are unstable to decay, and are unlikely to have phenomenological consequences. More generally, we show how results at smaller $f$ cannot be naively extrapolated to $f=\mathcal{O}(M_P)$ as, contrary to conventional wisdom, gravity and special relativity can both become relevant in the same regime. We clarify the rate of decay by reviewing and extending previous work on oscillons and axion stars, which imply a fast decay rate even for so-called dilute states at large $f$.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 2 appendices. References added; updated to match published PRD version
The effects of lexical familiarity on the perception of Japanese consonants by Thai learners of Japanese
Creators: name: Tanporn Trakantalerngsak
Publisher: name: สมาคมญี่ปุ่นศึกษาแห่งประเทศไทย
Year: 2018
Subjects: Japanese affricate
L2 speech learning
lexical familiarity
cross-language mapping

description: วารสารเครือข่ายญี่ปุ่นศึกษา, 8, 2, 95-110
Second law of thermodynamics for macroscopic mechanics coupled to thermodynamic degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Maes, Christian
name: Tasaki, Hal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based only on classical Hamiltonian dynamics, we prove the maximum work principle in a system where macroscopic dynamical degrees of freedom are intrinsically coupled to microscopic degrees of freedom. Unlike recent identities between irreversible work and free energy, such as in the Jarzynski relation, the macroscopic dynamics is not governed by an external action but undergoes the back reaction of the microscopic degrees of freedom. Our theorems cover such physical situations as impact between macroscopic bodies, thermodynamic machines, and molecular motors.
description: 4 pages, RevTeX
Black Hole S-matrix for a scalar field
Creators: name: Betzios, Panos
name: Gaddam, Nava
name: Papadoulaki, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a unitary scattering process, as observed from spatial infinity, of massless scalar particles on an asymptotically flat Schwarzschild black hole background. In order to do so, we split the problem in two different regimes governing the dynamics of the scattering process. The first describes the evolution of the modes in the region away from the horizon and can be analysed in terms of the effective Regge-Wheeler potential. In the near horizon region, where the Regge-Wheeler potential becomes insignificant, the WKB geometric optics approximation of Hawking's is replaced by the near-horizon gravitational scattering matrix that captures non-perturbative soft graviton exchanges near the horizon. We perform an appropriate matching for the scattering solutions of these two dynamical problems and compute the resulting Bogoliubov relations, that combines both dynamics. This allows us to formulate an S-matrix for the scattering process that is manifestly unitary. We discuss the analogue of the (quasi)-normal modes in this setup and the emergence of gravitational echoes that follow an original burst of radiation as the excited black hole relaxes to equilibrium.
description: 23 pages plus appendices, improved figures and text
The effects of Population III stars and variable IMF on the chemical evolution of the Galaxy
Creators: name: Ballero, Silvia Kuna
name: Matteucci, Francesca
name: Chiappini, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the effects of a hypothetical initial stellar generation (PopIII) of only massive and very massive stars (VMS) on the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. We adopted the two-infall chemical evolution model of Chiappini et al. and tested several sets of yields for primordial VMS (Pair-Creation SNe), which produce different amounts of heavy elements than lower mass stars. We focused on the evolution of alpha-elements, C, N, Fe. The effects of PopIII stars on the Galactic evolution of these elements is negligible if a few generations of such stars occurred, whereas they produce different results from the standard models if they formed for a longer period. Also the effects of a more strongly variable IMF were discussed, making use of suggestions appeared in the literature to explain the lack of metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo with respect to model predictions. The predicted variations in abundances, SN rates, G-dwarf [Fe/H] distribution are here more dramatic and in contrast with observations; we concluded that a constant or slightly varying IMF is the best solution. Our main conclusion is that if VMS existed they must have formed only for a very short period of time (until the halo gas reached the threshold metallicity for the formation of very massive objects); in this case, their effects on the evolution of the studied elements was negligible also in the earliest phases. We thus cannot prove or disprove the existence of such stars on the basis of the available data. Due to their large metal production and short lives, primordial VMS should have enriched the halo gas beyond the metallicity of the most metal poor stars known in a few Myrs. This constrains the number of Pair-Creation SNe: we find that a number of 2-20 of such SNe occurred in our Galaxy depending on the stellar yields.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in New Astronomy
SMALL ANIMAL REFERRING VETERINARIAN SATISFACTION WITH THE VETERINARY TEACHING HOSPITAL, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY - JULY 1, 1999 THROUGH JUNE 30, 2000
Creators: name: Lloyd, James W.
name: Donovan, Debra
name: Camara, Youssouf
name: Leeper, Delta
name: Gross, Renee
name: Lloyd, James W.
name: Donovan, Debra
name: Camara, Youssouf
name: Leeper, Delta
name: Gross, Renee
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Understanding clients' wants and needs is vital to the sustained success of any service business, and veterinary medicine offers no exception. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) at the Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine (MSU-CVM) has successfully maintained a position at the forefront of the veterinary profession throughout most of its history. The staff has consistently been composed of clinicians who have been chosen because of their excellence and expertise. However, the assumption that emphasis on clinical excellence will, by itself, provide the foundation for sustained success in the client flow and business at the hospital has been unchallenged to date. Additionally, there are many areas in veterinary medicine that are becoming increasingly popular (e.g. oncology). Addition of, or attention to, these services is crucial in retaining our leadership role within the veterinary community. The results of a previous study indicated that 67.7% of small animal clients chose MSU-VTH because they were referred by their primary veterinarian. One of the objectives of this study was to determine which factors influenced referring veterinarians in determining whether they refer their patients to MSU-VTH. Additionally, this study was designed to identify areas for possible expansion/contraction of our current service offerings in order to better serve the needs of our clients and referring veterinarians. The results of this study can be used as an outline for the development of a plan to maintain and improve referring veterinarian satisfaction and, ultimately, to sustain the teaching caseload and business of the hospital. In addition, this endeavor will serve to set a good example for our students by modeling the best management practices and establishing a critical blend of quality medicine/surgery and customer service.
ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVES IN THE 1995 FARM BILL DEBATE: THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM
Creators: name: Batie, Sandra S.
name: Schweikhardt, David B.
name: Batie, Sandra S.
name: Schweikhardt, David B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: The future of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) will be a pivotal issue in the 1995 farm bill debate. Established under the Food Security Act of 1985, the original objectives of the CRP were to provide a voluntary form of supply control and to reduce soil erosion by retiring highly erodible land on a long-term basis. The latter objective was expanded in 1990 to include retirement of lands for the purpose of protecting water quality.
Swift heavy ion irradiation of SrTiO$_3$ under grazing incidence
Creators: name: Akcoeltekin, Ender
name: Akcoeltekin, Sevilay
name: Osmani, Orkhan
name: Lebius, Henning
name: Schleberger, Marika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The irradiation of SrTiO$_3$ single crystals with swift heavy ions leads to modifications of the surface. The details of the morphology of these modifications depends strongly on the angle of incidence and can be characterized by atomic force microscopy. At glancing angles, discontinuous chains of nanosized hillocks appear on the surface. The latent track radius can be determined from the variation of the length of the chains with the angle of incidence. This radius is material specific and allows the calculation of the electron-phonon-coupling constant for SrTiO$_3$. We show that a theoretical description of the nanodot creation is possible within a two-temperature model if the spatial electron density is taken into account. The appearance of discontinuous features can be explained easily within this model, but it turns out that the electronic excitation dissipates on a femtosecond time scale and thus too rapidly to feed sufficient energy into the phonon system in order to induce a thermal melting process. We demonstrate that this can be solved if the temperature dependent diffusion coefficient is introduced into the model.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures Submittted to NJP
title: Start. Stop. Continue. Formative Midterm Student Evaluations of Teaching
title: Stop. Start. Continue. Informal Midterm Student Evaluations of Teaching
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Norris, Benjamin N.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2016

description: Dr. Benjamin Norris, Chemistry Department, delivered this presentation at the 5th Annual Regional Conference on Teaching, Learning, & Scholarship (CTE) on January 14, 2016, at Frostburg State University.
description: This PowerPoint presentation focuses on student evaluations of faculty with the goals of improving teaching and providing feedback for faculty evaluations. The presenter discusses research regarding this subject and Frostburg State University's online student evaluation process which includes quantitative data and free-responses.
NN-EVCLUS: Neural Network-based Evidential Clustering
Creators: name: Denoeux, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Evidential clustering is an approach to clustering based on the use of Dempster-Shafer mass functions to represent cluster-membership uncertainty. In this paper, we introduce a neural-network based evidential clustering algorithm, called NN-EVCLUS, which learns a mapping from attribute vectors to mass functions, in such a way that more similar inputs are mapped to output mass functions with a lower degree of conflict. The neural network can be paired with a one-class support vector machine to make it robust to outliers and allow for novelty detection. The network is trained to minimize the discrepancy between dissimilarities and degrees of conflict for all or some object pairs. Additional terms can be added to the loss function to account for pairwise constraints or labeled data, which can also be used to adapt the metric. Comparative experiments show the superiority of N-EVCLUS over state-of-the-art evidential clustering algorithms for a range of unsupervised and constrained clustering tasks involving both attribute and dissimilarity data.
Conservation of water and nutrients in greenhouses through plant and climate based irrigation control
Creators: name: Shelford, Tim
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The vegetable greenhouse industry in British Columbia is rapidly expanding to meet the world's demands for high quality fresh produce. This expansion puts environmental pressure on the region in the demand for fresh water, and the spread of excess nutrient fertilizer into ground and surface water. To help alleviate the problem, efficient irrigation systems which accurately match crop requirements, need to be developed. To establish a more precise algorithm, new and conventional sensors were examined for their ability to predict and/or measure water use. The sensors that showed the most promise were further developed into two new control algorithms. The first control algorithm utilized light, vapor pressure deficit, leaf, and air temperature, in a statistically developed model to estimate water use. The second control algorithm utilized an off-the-shelf electronic balance to directly measure water use. Water use was measured by summing the change in weight over short time-periods, rather than by examining the absolute weight of the media. Experiments were then conducted to compare these two new algorithms to the current industry-standard light-based approach in terms of irrigation consistency and frequency. It was found that the scale-based approach produced the most consistent amount of leachate indicating that it was most able to supply water as the crop needed it. The equation-based approaches performance was similar to the traditional light-based approach. In terms of frequency the equation and scale-based approach did not always trigger an irrigation every hour indicating that setpoints would have to be adjusted. No algorithm allowed the plants to go for long periods without watering. The scale-based approach has the added benefit of an ability to trigger irrigations at night. All algorithms seemed to work effectively; the water usage of the plants on all three systems was statistically similar. Because the new algorithms are based on different principles, their associated advantages and disadvantages are quite different. To improve irrigation efficiency, a control strategy encompassing all of the techniques evaluated is recommended.
MEASURING THE IMPACTS OF PRIME-AGE ADULT DEATH ON RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN KENYA
Creators: name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Yamano, Takashi
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Using a two-year panel of 1,422 Kenyan households surveyed in 1997 and 2000, we measure how prime-age adult mortality affects rural households' size and composition, agricultural production, asset levels, and off-farm income. First, the paper uses adult mortality rates from available data on an HIV-negative sample from neighboring Tanzania to predict the number of deaths that might have been expected in the absence of HIV, and compares this to the number of deaths actually recorded over the survey interval in the Kenyan sample. Based on this procedure, only a quarter of the prime-age female deaths in the 25-34 age range and about half of the male deaths in the 35-44 year age range age range could have been predicted on the basis of the HIV-negative Tanzanian adult mortality rates. In the Nyanza area, the discrepancies were even larger over a broader number of age/sex ranges. This provides a strong indication that AIDS accounts for a large proportion of the recorded deaths for these age/sex categories, particularly in the Nyanza area. Next, using a household fixed-effects model that controls for time-varying effects, we measure changes in outcomes between households afflicted by adult mortality vs. those not afflicted over the three-year survey period. The effects of adult death are highly sensitive to the gender and position of the deceased family member in the household. Households suffering the death of the head -of-household or spouse incurred a greater-than-one person loss in household size. The death of a male household head between 16 and 59 years is associated with a 68% reduction in the net value of the household's crop production. Female head-of-household or spouse mortality causes a greater decline in cereal area cultivated, while cash crops such as coffee, tea, and sugar are most adversely affected in households incurring the death of a prime-age male head. Off-farm income is also significantly affected by the death of the male head of household, but not in the case of other adult members. The death of other prime-age family members is partially offset by an inflow of other individuals into the family. Other prime-age family members' mortality has less dramatic effects on the households' agricultural production, assets, and off-farm income. Lastly, there is little indication that households are able to recover quickly from the effects of prime-age head-of-household adult mortality; the effects on crop and non-farm incomes do not decay at least over the three-year survey interval. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for agricultural research and extension programs as well as for safety net programs designed to cushion the impacts of prime-age adult death.
On Resolving Multiple Optima in Linear Programming
Creators: name: Drynan, Ross G.
name: Drynan, Ross G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Although the solution to a linear programming problem is not necessarily unique, the theoretical and practical implications of multiple optima have not been thoroughly discussed by agricultural economists. Recently there have been calls for greater recognition, resolution and exploitation of multiplicity. In this note, it is argued that previous recommendations for resolving multiplicity are restrictive both procedurally and conceptually. An alternative and more general approach is outlined.
Sydney M. Lamb Papers on California Indian Languages
Creators: name: Anderson, Arthur
name: Austin, Harry
name: Belles, Helen
name: Belles, Ned
name: Bethel, Elizabeth
name: Bethel, Gilbert
name: Bethel, Rosalie
name: Blossom, John
name: Bob, Margaret
name: Brahsom, Sarah
name: Cashbaugh, George
name: Chatovich, Minnie
name: Chatovich, Roy
name: Chico, Mary
name: Chirtovich, Mimie
name: , Clayton
name: Coleman, Daisy
name: Collins, Fred
name: Collins, Rose
name: Decroy, George
name: Dick, George
name: Dick, Sarah
name: , Dorothy
name: Duckey, Emma
name: Duckey, Florence
name: Edmo, Irene
name: Edmo, Lizzie
name: Edmo, Willy
name: Enom, Nellie
name: Espinoza, Kate
name: Evening, Charlie
name: Fulwider, Minnie
name: George, Sadie
name: Gibbs, Johnny
name: Glenn, Andrew
name: Goodwin, Charles
name: Gregory, George
name: Harry, Rob
name: Hicks, Robert
name: Jackson, Louisa
name: Jackson, Ned
name: Jefferson, Annie
name: Joe, Kitt
name: Johnson, Hazel
name: Johnson, Lula
name: Johnson, Susan
name: Jones, Lester
name: Jones, Mark
name: Jones, Winnie
name: Kinsman, Joe
name: Kinsman, Lucy
name: Lavell, Hausen
name: Little, George
name: Logan, Frank
name: , Maggie
name: Mankins, Gladys
name: Marshall, Tom
name: Marvin, Maggie
name: Marvin, Manda
name: McCloud, Grover
name: McGown, Minnie
name: Meredith, May
name: Mike, Cayuse
name: Mike, Minnie
name: Miller, Harry
name: Miller, Ira
name: Miller, Mrs.  Harry
name: Nevers, Jim
name: Osborne, Jim
name: Pablo, Mike
name: Pablo, Tony
name: Pete, Lucy
name: Phillips, Mike
name: Pimono, Molly
name: Pimono, Willy
name: Piper, Pike
name: Piper, Rosie
name: Primo, Tom
name: Pryor, Anita
name: Reilly, Mike
name: Riddell, Frita
name: Saur, Nancy
name: Sherman, Bill
name: Slaven, Andy
name: Snap, Pete
name: Somersal, Laura
name: Somerville, Bob
name: Spencer, Maggie
name: Stone, Tom
name: , Susie
name: Taylor, Mamie
name: Tex, Frank
name: Thacker, Tommy
name: Thomas, Cy
name: Tulley, Steve
name: Vera, Jose
name: Wagonner, Willy
name: Walsay, Addie
name: Wenz, Annie
name: Wiatt, Mrs.
name: Williams, Mary
name: Williams, Minnie
name: Wright, Jim
name: Wyatt, Nancy
name: Yee, Doris
name: De Salazar, Stefana
name: Golla, Victor
name: Lamb, Sydney M.
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015

description: The Papers document Lamb's research on Indian languages of California and surrounding areas from 1953-1955.

One microfilm reel in the collection also includes copies of Victor Golla's notebooks from his fieldwork on Hupa at Hoopa Valley in the summer of 1963; for more details, see details under the Victor Golla Papers on the Hupa Language.
Characterization of the material response in the granular ratcheting
Creators: name: García-Rojo, R.
name: Alonso-Marroquín, F.
name: Herrmann, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of a very special ratcheting regime has recently been reported in a granular packing subjected to cyclic loading \cite{alonso04}. In this state, the system accumulates a small permanent deformation after each cycle. After a short transient regime, the value of this permanent strain accumulation becomes independent on the number of cycles. We show that a characterization of the material response in this peculiar state is possible in terms of three simple macroscopic variables. They are defined that, they can be easily measured both in the experiments and in the simulations. We have carried out a thorough investigation of the micro- and macro-mechanical factors affecting these variables, by means of Molecular Dynamics simulations of a polydisperse disk packing, as a simple model system for granular material. Biaxial test boundary conditions with a periodically cycling load were implemented. The effect on the plastic response of the confining pressure, the deviatoric stress and the number of cycles has been investigated. The stiffness of the contacts and friction has been shown to play an important role in the overall response of the system. Specially elucidating is the influence of the particular hysteretical behavior in the stress-strain space on the accumulation of permanent strain and the energy dissipation.
description: 13 pages, 20 figures. Submitted to PRE
Infrared Renormalons in Kinematic Distributions for Hadron Collider Processes
Creators: name: Ravasio, Silvia Ferrario
name: Limatola, Giovanni
name: Nason, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared renormalons in Quantum Chromodynamics are associated with non-perturbative corrections to short distance observables. Linear renormalons, i.e. such that the associated non-perturbative corrections scale like one inverse power of the hard scale, can affect at a non-negligible level even the very high-energy phenomena studied at the Large Hadron Collider. Using an Abelian model, we study the presence of linear renormalons in the transverse momentum distribution of a neutral vector boson $Z$ produced in hadronic collisions. We consider a process where the $Z$ transverse momentum is balanced by a sizable recoil against a coloured final state particle. One may worry that such a colour configuration, not being azimuthally symmetric, could generate unbalanced soft radiation, associated in turn with linear infrared renormalons affecting the transverse momentum distribution of the vector boson. We performed a numerical calculation of the renormalon effects for this process in the so-called large $b_0$ limit. We found no evidence of linear renormalons in the transverse momentum distribution of the $Z$ in the large transverse-momentum region, irrespective of rapidity cuts.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
On Some Aspects of Organizational Efficiency in the Queensland Cattle Slaughtering Industry
Creators: name: Brown, Colin G.
name: Drynan, Ross G.
name: Brown, Colin G.
name: Drynan, Ross G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: An examination based on stochastic plant location analysis was made of organizational efficiency in the Queensland cattle slaughtering industry. Short-run models were used to highlight forces influencing commodity flows and plant utilization levels in the industry. These models were also used to explore effects of freight equalization arrangements. Freight equalization was found to involve annual costs of resource misallocation of the order of $1 million. Potential efficiency gains through improved plant locations and sizes were also estimated and found to be at least $4.4 million.
Exciton Mediated Superconductivity in PrOs4Sb12
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Masashige
name: Koga, Mikito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most important character of the exotic superconductor PrOs4Sb12 is the existence of low-lying excitations (excitons) with a finite energy gap and it appears as the magnetic field-induced order above 4.5 T. We focus on the a_u conduction band, which hybridizes with a Pr 4f^2 state strongly, coupled to the excitons. It results in an attractive interaction between the conduction electrons. The symmetry of the superconducting order parameter is determined by dispersion relation of the exciton. For the bcc system PrOs4Sb12, a d-wave state [kx ky + omega ky kz + omega^2 kz kx, omega=exp(pm i 2 pi/3)] is stabilized with broken time reversal symmetry.
description: 4 pages
Spatial Correlation of Massive Black Hole Mergers: Probing the Formation Mechanism and Reionization
Creators: name: Ioka, Kunihito
name: Meszaros, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the spatial clustering of massive black hole (MBH) mergers, and discuss possible ways to use gravitational wave observations in the LISA and DECIGO/BBO range for obtaining cosmological and cosmogonical information. Constraints on large scale structure (LSS) and merger histories may be possible by detections of an alignment of the GW polarization direction with principal axes of the LSS. Constraints on the merger physics and the reionization epoch may be obtained by GW measurements of MBH correlation lengths, in the case when the MBH angular momentum loss occurs through gas drag. Such measurements would provide information about the LSS and the reionization epoch, additional to and independent of any obtained from electromagnetic signals, as well as about the astrophysics of MBH mergers.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Repairing Stevenson's step in the 4d Ising model
Creators: name: Balog, J.
name: Niedermayer, F.
name: Weisz, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper Stevenson claimed that analysis of the data on the wave function renormalization constant near the critical point of the 4d Ising model is not consistent with analytical expectations. Here we present data with improved statistics and show that the results are indeed consistent with conventional wisdom once one takes into account the uncertainty of lattice artifacts in the analytical computations.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX
Investigation of Concrete Pavement US-60 Between Versailles and Frankfort
Creators: name: Evans, Milton
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1961
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: A complete survey of the above project was made between April 27, and May 13, of this year to deter mine the condition of the pavement after the second winter of service. The data from this survey include all of the approximately ten miles of four-lane highway, Tables I and II; all of the cross-overs, Table III; and the ramps and connecting lanes in the interchanges, Tables IV and V. Table VI covers the areas where several surveys have been conducted and Table VII is a breakdown of the total defects by type for the whole project. These tables are summaries of the condition of each slab or area on the project at present, and can be compared to previously prepared tables in reports on the subject pavement dated February 15, 1960, May 12, 1960, and June 17, 1960.
Rules For Optimal Fertilizer Carryover: An Alternative Explanation
Creators: name: Kennedy, John O.S.
name: Kennedy, John O.S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: A method of deriving rules for optimal fertilizer application when there is carryover is presented. The carryover situations considered are: carryover a deterministic function of fertilizer available in the previous period; carryover a deterministic function of fertilizer applied in more than one previous period; and carryover a stochastic function of fertilizer available in the previous period. The method of derivation is more direct than an inductive one previously presented. The rules are given an economic interpretation, and the gains from using them in practice are considered.
Dark cloud cores and gravitational decoupling from turbulent flows
Creators: name: Keto, Eric
name: Field, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the hypothesis that the starless cores may be gravitationally bound clouds supported largely by thermal pressure by comparing observed molecular line spectra to theoretical spectra produced by a simulation that includes hydrodynamics, radiative cooling, variable molecular abundance, and radiative transfer in a simple one-dimensional model. The results suggest that the starless cores can be divided into two categories: stable starless cores that are in approximate equilibrium and will not evolve to form protostars, and unstable pre-stellar cores that are proceeding toward gravitational collapse and the formation of protostars. The starless cores might be formed from the interstellar medium as objects at the lower end of the inertial cascade of interstellar turbulence. Additionally, we identify a thermal instability in the starless cores. Under par ticular conditions of density and mass, a core may be unstable to expansion if the density is just above the critical density for the collisional coupling of the gas and dust so that as the core expands the gas-dust coupling that cools the gas is reduced and the gas warms, further driving the expansion.
description: Submitted to ApJ