cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Establishing a university archive to preserve its memory and identity
Creators: name: Soltani, Sara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Alzahra University
University Archive
University Museum

description: Alzahra University, with its rich historical background and over one thousand archival records that demonstrate this, has the potential to create an academic archive. Therefore, Alzahra University, with the help of its archival studies graduates, has sought to establish the first Iranian university archive with archival standards.
 This article reviews Alzahra University's experiences in establishing a university archive and museum over the past year.
Additional file 2 of Targeting the IL-5 pathway in eosinophilic asthma: a comparison of mepolizumab to benralizumab in the reduction of peripheral eosinophil counts
Creators: name: Ghassemian, Arian
name: Park, Jane Jiyoon
name: Tsoulis, Michael W.
name: Kim, Harold
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Comparison of patients who switched from mepolizumab to benralizumab versus patients on benralizumab who did not switch.
Real-time monitoring of complex moduli from micro-rheology
Creators: name: Yanagishima, Taiki
name: Frenkel, Daan
name: Kotar, Jurij
name: Eiser, Erika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an approach to online analysis of micro-rheology data using a multi-scale time-correlation method. The method is particularly suited to process high-volume data streams and compress the relevant information in real time. Using this, we can obtain complex moduli of visco-elastic media without suffering from the high-frequency artefacts that are associated with the truncation errors in the most widely used versions of micro-rheology. Moreover, the present approach obviates the need to choose the time interval for data acquisition beforehand. We test our approach first on an artificial data set and then on experimental data obtained both for an optically trapped colloidal probe in water and a similar probe in poly-ethylene glycol solutions at various concentrations. In all cases, we obtain good agreement with the bulk rheology data in the region of overlap. We compare our method with the conventional Kramers-Kronig transform approach and find that the two methods agree over most of the frequency regime. For the same data set, the present approach is superior to Kramers-Kronig at high frequencies and can be made to perform at least comparable at low frequencies.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Critical assessment of methods for predicting the 3D structure of proteins and protein complexes.
Creators: name: Wodak, Shoshana J
name: Vajda, Sandor
name: Lensink, Marc F
name: Kozakov, Dima
name: Bates, Paul A
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: Structural Biology & Biophysics
Computational & Systems Biology

description: Advances in a scientific discipline are often measured by small, incremental steps. In this review, we report on two intertwined disciplines in the protein structure prediction field, modeling of single chains and modeling of complexes, that have over decades emulated this pattern, as monitored by the community-wide blind prediction experiments CASP and CAPRI. However, over the past few years, dramatic advances were observed for the accurate prediction of single protein chains, driven by a surge of deep learning methodologies entering the prediction field. We review the main scientific developments that enabled these recent breakthroughs and feature the important role of blind prediction experiments in building up and nurturing the structure prediction field. We discuss how the new wave of artificial intelligence-based methods is impacting the fields of computational and experimental structural biology and highlight areas in which deep learning methods are likely to lead to future developments, provided that major challenges are overcome. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biophysics, Volume 52 is May 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Image charge effects in single-molecule junctions: Breaking of symmetries and negative differential resistance in a benzene transistor
Creators: name: Kaasbjerg, K.
name: Flensberg, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both experiments and theoretical studies have demonstrated that the interaction between the current carrying electrons and the induced polarization charge in single-molecule junctions leads to a strong renormalization of molecular charging energies. However, the effect on electronic excitations and molecular symmetries remain unclear. Using a theoretical framework developed for semiconductor nanostructure based single-electron transistors (SETs), we demonstrate that the image charge interaction breaks the molecular symmetries in a benzene based single-molecule transistor operating in the Coulomb blockade regime. This results in the appearance of a so-called blocking state, which gives rise to negative differential resistance (NDR). We show that the appearance of NDR and its magnitude in the symmetry-broken benzene SET depends in a complicated way on the interplay between the many-body matrix elements, the lead tunnel coupling asymmetry, and the bias polarity. In particular, the current reducing property of the blocking state causing the NDR, is shown to vanish under strongly asymmetric tunnel couplings, when the molecule is coupled stronger to the drain electrode. The calculated IV characteristic may serve as an indicator for image charge broken molecular symmetries in experimental situations.
description: Accepted version (Phys. Rev. B), 16 pages, 8 figures
title: Die Asiatische Infrastruktur Investment Bank (AIIB)
title: Eine multilaterale Bank, in der China die Regeln bestimmt
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Horta, Korinna
name: Urgewald
name: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung
Publisher: name: Heinrich Böll Foundation
Year: 2019

description: Reihe Demokratie
Bipartitness in reversible Markov chains
Creators: name: Langer, Benjamin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Let (Xₜ )ₜ∈𝕫₊ be an irreducible, aperiodic, reversible Markov chain on a finite state space Ω. Let M := 𝑡mix/𝑡L, where 𝑡mix and 𝑡L are the total variation mixing times of the chain and its lazy version, respectively. We show - in a precise quantitative sense - that if M is sufficiently large, then the chain is ”near-bipartite”. That is, there exists a bipartition (A, B) of Ω such that π(A) and π(B) are both close to 1/2, and the Markov chain rarely spends two consecutive time steps within the same set of the bipartition. In particular, we show that for 𝑡 ≫ 𝑡L, the distribution of Xₜ is very close to a mixture of πᴀ and πᴃ.
Additional file 3 of Targeting the IL-5 pathway in eosinophilic asthma: a comparison of mepolizumab to benralizumab in the reduction of peripheral eosinophil counts
Creators: name: Ghassemian, Arian
name: Park, Jane Jiyoon
name: Tsoulis, Michael W.
name: Kim, Harold
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Comparison of patients on mepolizumab versus patients on benralizumab who did not switch from mepolizumab.
Development of a Chemical Toolkit for the Modulation of Cellular Formaldehyde
Creators: name: Bulman, Natasha F. A.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a reactive carbonyl species generated by a plethora of biological processes, such as histone demethylation, cellular oxidation, and metabolism. At low concentrations, HCHO has been reported to play important roles in epigenetic regulation and the 1-C cycle, but dysregulation of HCHO is linked with pathology and disease. Hence, it is essential to develop methods for detecting and modulating cellular HCHO to elucidate the true “friend or foe” nature of biological HCHO. This thesis describes the development of a four-pronged approach to quantify and modulate HCHO in aqueous solutions, using a variety of chemical and analytical techniques. A library of small molecule 2-aza-Cope HCHO scavengers were synthesised to investigate the effects of synthetic modification to either the 2-aza-Cope trigger or the benzyl scaffold on scavenging ability through NMR spectroscopy. Substitution on the homoallylamine trigger was found to increase rate of reaction but was also associated with a critical loss of selectivity. Installation of trifluoromethyl and nitro groups on the benzyl scaffolds elicited a decrease in scavenging rate, while methoxy and hydroxyl substituents improved reaction times. Interestingly, all probes synthesised demonstrated comparable reactivity with glyoxylic acid as with HCHO, revealing a key opportunity to repurpose these probes as glyoxylate scavengers. The synthesised probes were then used to develop a HCHO detection method using headspace and immersive solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Scavenging of HCHO and glyoxylic acid by the 2-aza-Cope was also confirmed by fluorescence assays using a synthesised coumarin-based sensor. A first generation HCHO donor bearing a light-sensitive trigger was also synthesised and validated as a HCHO releaser by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The mechanism of HCHO release was also proposed.
The unpolarized two-loop massive pure singlet Wilson coefficients for deep-inelastic scattering
Creators: name: Blümlein, Johannes
name: De Freitas, A.
name: Raab, C. G.
name: Schönwald, K.
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: heavy quark: production
singlet
deep inelastic scattering
numerical calculations
asymptotic expansion
structure function
kinematics

description: We calculate the massive two--loop pure singlet Wilson coefficients for heavy quark production in the unpolarized case analytically in the whole kinematic region and derive the threshold and asymptotic expansions. We also recalculate the corresponding massless two--loop Wilson coefficients. The complete expressions contain iterated integrals with elliptic letters. The contributing alphabets enlarge the Kummer-Poincar\'e letters by a series of square-root valued letters. A new class of iterated integrals, the Kummer-elliptic integrals, are introduced. For the structure functions $F_2$ and $F_L$ we also derive improved asymptotic representations adding power corrections. Numerical results are presented.
The Government Central School and the elite network in early colonial Hong Kong
Creators: name: Iu, Ryan Ka Chun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: This thesis examines how the Government Central School (1862–1889) was a conducive site for building networks and fostering a conflicting Westernized Chineseness mentality among its Chinese and Eurasian graduates. As the early colony demanded personnel who could communicate in both Chinese and English, the Central School provided bilingual and Western education to train its students. However, the school also cultivated a global worldview in its students due to its multi-ethnicity. Centering on the fifteen elite who attended the 1938 alumni gathering as a case study, this work demonstrates that the poly-cultural Central School not only provided a social and intellectual ladder for its students to rise to elite status within the colony but also created an environment to nurture a shared social and cultural mentality. With the assistance of the network modelling tools, this thesis also studies the creation of concrete relationships among the elite alumni and the functions of their networks. Over time, these alumni formed intricate networks through intermarriage, business connections, political collaborations, and charitable partnerships. Furthermore, I demonstrate that the network extended to colonial officials and foreign merchants in the colony. Under the malleable nature of colonialism in Hong Kong, the local elites possessed the notion of Westernized Chineseness. This thesis will show that the elites manifested loyalty to the British Empire based on circumstantial opportunism while also recognising the Chinese regime for patriotic and nationalistic reasons. I contend that such a conflicting mentality was inherited from the education they received from the Central School and the mutual interests among their networks. To contextualize such a mentality, this research examines their contribution to the development of Hong Kong society and their role as pioneers of international experiences in the city. Through the Central School and the local elites, this thesis aims to present the social experience of colonization in early Hong Kong.
The impact of chemical differentiation of white dwarfs on thermonuclear supernovae
Creators: name: Bravo, Eduardo
name: Althaus, Leandro G.
name: García-Berro, Enrique
name: Domínguez, Inmaculada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational settling of 22Ne in cooling white dwarfs can affect the outcome of thermonuclear supernovae. We investigate how the supernova energetics and nucleosynthesis are in turn influenced by this process. We use realistic chemical profiles derived from state-of-the-art white dwarf cooling sequences. The cooling sequences provide a link between the white dwarf chemical structure and the age of the supernova progenitor system. The cooling sequence of a 1 M_sun white dwarf was computed until freezing using an up-to-date stellar evolutionary code. We computed explosions of both Chandrasekhar mass and sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs, assuming spherical symmetry and neglecting convective mixing during the pre-supernova carbon simmering phase to maximize the effects of chemical separation. Neither gravitational settling of 22Ne nor chemical differentiation of 12C and 16O have an appreciable impact on the properties of Type Ia supernovae, unless there is a direct dependence of the flame properties (density of transition from deflagration to detonation) on the chemical composition. At a fixed transition density, the maximum variation in the supernova magnitude obtained from progenitors of different ages is ~0.06 magnitudes, and even assuming an unrealistically large diffusion coefficient of 22Ne it would be less than ~0.09 mag. However, if the transition density depends on the chemical composition (all other things being equal) the oldest SNIa can be as much as 0.4 magnitudes brighter than the youngest ones (in our models the age difference is 7.4 Gyr). In addition, our results show that 22Ne sedimentation cannot be invoked to account for the formation of a central core of stable neutron-rich Fe-group nuclei in the ejecta of sub-Chandrasekhar models, as required by observations of Type Ia supernovae.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, accepted for Astronomy and Astrophysics. Revised version with corrected typos
Visible Learning and synchronous online lesson in higher education: a study in engineering education
Creators: name: Bertozzi, Gabriele
name: Paciarotti, Claudia
name: Crivellini, Andrea
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: The Visible Learning (VL) approach to learning processes stems from Hattie’s work based on synthesising meta-analyses regarding achievement in education. Although the model is used at many levels of instruction, its performance has been less studied in higher education, engineering education, and in the context of synchronous online learning in distance education. This study implements VL features and analyzes their ability to improve learning outcomes and teaching quality. To this end, a synchronous online lesson in a Fluid Dynamics course was implemented with 39 mechanical engineering students. The research method is a one-group pretest-posttest design and data were collected through a test and a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The learning achievement is measured using Cohen's d. The relevant effect size value obtained (d = 2.32) stands out from those in the literature where meta-meta-analyses report an impact on learning close to that of a traditional lecture (d = 0.08). Regarding the learning experience, students’ ratings of both the lesson and the teacher's teaching quality are clearly positive. It can be concluded that the VL approach can produce significant learning gains and positive perceptions of instructional quality among students in the context of synchronous online instruction in engineering education.
Additional file 1 of Isabl Platform, a digital biobank for processing multimodal patient data
Creators: name: Medina-Martínez, Juan S.
name: Arango-Ossa, Juan E.
name: Levine, Max F.
name: Yangyu Zhou
name: Gunes Gundem
name: Kung, Andrew L.
name: Papaemmanuil, Elli
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary figures and notes related to this manuscript.
A realist interpretation of quantum mechanics based on undecidability due to gravity
Creators: name: Gambini, Rodolfo
name: Garcia-Pintos, Luis Pedro
name: Pullin, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize several recent developments suggesting that solving the problem of time in quantum gravity leads to a solution of the measurement problem in quantum mechanics. This approach has been informally called "the Montevideo interpretation". In particular we discuss why definitions in this approach are not "for all practical purposes" (fapp) and how the problem of outcomes is resolved.
description: 7 pages, IOPAMS style, no figures, contributed to the proceedings of DICE 2010, Castiglioncello, slightly improved version
Elimination of Specular reflection and Identification of ROI: The First Step in Automated Detection of Cervical Cancer using Digital Colposcopy
Creators: name: Das, Abhishek
name: Kar, Avijit
name: Bhattacharyya, Debasis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cervical Cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women worldwide. Most cases of cervical cancer can be prevented through screening programs aimed at detecting precancerous lesions. During Digital Colposcopy, Specular Reflections (SR) appear as bright spots heavily saturated with white light. These occur due to the presence of moisture on the uneven cervix surface, which act like mirrors reflecting light from the illumination source. Apart from camouflaging the actual features, the SR also affects subsequent segmentation routines and hence must be removed. Our novel technique eliminates the SR and makes the colposcopic images (cervigram) ready for segmentation algorithms. The cervix region occupies about half of the cervigram image. Other parts of the image contain irrelevant information, such as equipment, frames, text and non-cervix tissues. This irrelevant information can confuse automatic identification of the tissues within the cervix. The first step is, therefore, focusing on the cervical borders, so that we have a geometric boundary on the relevant image area. We have proposed a type of modified kmeans clustering algorithm to evaluate the region of interest.
description: IEEE Imaging Systems and Techniques, 2011, Print ISBN: 978-1-61284-894-5, pages 237 - 241
Skew quasisymmetric Schur functions and noncommutative Schur functions
Creators: name: Bessenrodt, Christine
name: Luoto, Kurt
name: van Willigenburg, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05, 05E15

description: Recently a new basis for the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions $QSym$, called quasisymmetric Schur functions, has been introduced by Haglund, Luoto, Mason, van Willigenburg. In this paper we extend the definition of quasisymmetric Schur functions to introduce skew quasisymmetric Schur functions. These functions include both classical skew Schur functions and quasisymmetric Schur functions as examples, and give rise to a new poset $\mathcal{L}_C$ that is analogous to Young's lattice. We also introduce a new basis for the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions $NSym$. This basis of $NSym$ is dual to the basis of quasisymmetric Schur functions and its elements are the pre-image of the Schur functions under the forgetful map $χ: NSym \rightarrow Sym$. We prove that the multiplicative structure constants of the noncommutative Schur functions, equivalently the coefficients of the skew quasisymmetric Schur functions when expanded in the quasisymmetric Schur basis, are nonnegative integers, satisfying a Littlewood-Richardson rule analogue that reduces to the classical Littlewood-Richardson rule under $χ$. As an application we show that the morphism of algebras from the algebra of Poirier-Reutenauer to $Sym$ factors through $NSym$. We also extend the definition of Schur functions in noncommuting variables of Rosas-Sagan in the algebra $NCSym$ to define quasisymmetric Schur functions in the algebra $NCQSym$. We prove these latter functions refine the former and their properties, and project onto quasisymmetric Schur functions under the forgetful map. Lastly, we show that by suitably labeling $\mathcal{L}_C$, skew quasisymmetric Schur functions arise in the theory of Pieri operators on posets.
description: Final version. An omission in the statement of the Noncommutative Pieri rules in Corollary 3.8 has been amended
Lie $3-$algebra and super-affinization of split-octonions
Creators: name: Giardino, Sergio
name: Carrion, Hector L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purpose of this study is to extend the concept of a generalized Lie $3-$ algebra, known to the divisional algebra of the octonions $\mathbb{O}$, to split-octonions $\mathbb{SO}$, which is non-divisional. This is achieved through the unification of the product of both of the algebras in a single operation. Accordingly, a notational device is introduced to unify the product of both algebras. We verify that $\mathbb{SO}$ is a Malcev algebra and we recalculate known relations for the structure constants in terms of the introduced structure tensor. Finally we construct the manifestly super-symmetric $\mathcal{N}=1\;\mathbb{SO}$ affine super-algebra. An application of the split Lie $3-$algebra for a Bagger and Lambert gauge theory is also discussed.
description: 17 pages without figures
Numerical relativity simulations of binary neutron stars
Creators: name: Thierfelder, Marcus
name: Bernuzzi, Sebastiano
name: Bruegmann, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new numerical relativity code designed for simulations of compact binaries involving matter. The code is an upgrade of the BAM code to include general relativistic hydrodynamics and implements state-of-the-art high-resolution-shock-capturing schemes on a hierarchy of mesh refined Cartesian grids with moving boxes. We test and validate the code in a series of standard experiments involving single neutron star spacetimes. We present test evolutions of quasi-equilibrium equal-mass irrotational binary neutron star configurations in quasi-circular orbits which describe the late inspiral to merger phases. Neutron star matter is modeled as a zero-temperature fluid; thermal effects can be included by means of a simple ideal-gas prescription. We analyze the impact that the use of different values of damping parameter in the Gamma-driver shift condition has on the dynamics of the system. The use of different reconstruction schemes and their impact in the post-merger dynamics is investigated. We compute and characterize the gravitational radiation emitted by the system. Self-convergence of the waves is tested, and we consistently estimate error-bars on the numerically generated waveforms in the inspiral phase.
Additional file 1 of Exploring the usefulness of medical clowns in elevating satisfaction and reducing aggressive tendencies in pediatric and adult hospital wards
Creators: name: Efrat-Triester, Dorit
name: Altman, Daniel
name: Enav Friedmann
name: Margalit, Dalit Lev-Arai
name: Teodorescu, Kinneret
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 2 of Exploring the usefulness of medical clowns in elevating satisfaction and reducing aggressive tendencies in pediatric and adult hospital wards
Creators: name: Efrat-Triester, Dorit
name: Altman, Daniel
name: Enav Friedmann
name: Margalit, Dalit Lev-Arai
name: Teodorescu, Kinneret
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Itineraries of Landscape Responsibility in Paolo Rumiz’s Travel Writing on Italy
Creators: name: Albertini, Laura
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: From the turn of the twenty-first century, Paolo Rumiz has become a significant voice within Italian travel writing. Despite his increased relevance within the field, critical studies on Rumiz have not extensively discussed his home travel accounts. Furthermore, within the Anglophone context, substantial scholarly works on Rumiz are few and far between. My research expands the critical work on the author, engaging with the ongoing scholarly debate on ethics and travel writing. Expanding the theoretical framework of reference within this debate, my thesis draws on theories of ethics of responsibility within environmental ethics to investigate Rumiz’s use of his travel accounts on Italy to build and promote landscape responsibility. My work offers a close textual analysis of four texts, namely: Appia (2016), Morimondo (2013), La leggenda dei monti naviganti (2007) and L’Italia in seconda classe (2009). The research shows that Rumiz dialogues with a tradition of travel writing that prioritises the exploration of marginal, abandoned or exploited places in Italy. Identifying Rumiz’s work as examples of literary reportage, I demonstrate that Rumiz takes a political stance against these circumstances through specific elements of place exploration, such as the itinerary choice and travel mode while showcasing existing practical solutions for landscape recovery and employing rhetorical strategies for landscape resignification. My findings show the contribution that travel writing can make to discussions on landscape politics and place rehabilitation. This research contributes to studies on travel writing and ethics, adding a novel perspective to the debate, and expands critical works on this less-known authorial voice from the contemporary Italian context within the Anglophone debate on the genre, contributing to the discussion on travels through Italy from the perspective of home travel writing.
Additional file 3 of Exploring the usefulness of medical clowns in elevating satisfaction and reducing aggressive tendencies in pediatric and adult hospital wards
Creators: name: Efrat-Triester, Dorit
name: Altman, Daniel
name: Enav Friedmann
name: Margalit, Dalit Lev-Arai
name: Teodorescu, Kinneret
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
Bayesian nonparametric estimation of the spectral density of a long or intermediate memory Gaussian process
Creators: name: Rousseau, Judith
name: Chopin, Nicolas
name: Liseo, Brunero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A stationary Gaussian process is said to be long-range dependent (resp., anti-persistent) if its spectral density $f(λ)$ can be written as $f(λ)=|λ|^{-2d}g(|λ|)$, where $0
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOS955 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Electronic States in One, Two, and Three Dimensional Highly Amorphous Materials: A Tight Binding Treatment
Creators: name: Priour, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a tight binding framework, we analyze the characteristics of electronic states in strongly disordered materials (hopping sites are placed randomly with no local order) with tunneling matrix elements decaying exponentially in the atomic separation with various decay ranges l examined. We calculate the density of states (DOS) and the Inverse Participation Ratio (IPR) for amorphous atomic configurations in one, two, and three dimensions. With a finite size scaling analysis of the IPR statistical distributions, it is shown that states are either extended or localized for a particular energy, and phase portraits for wave functions are obtained showing extended and localized behavior in the thermodynamic limit. While we conclude that all states are localized in 1D, in the 2D case there is a threshold for l above which some eigenstates appear to be extended and below which wave functions are entirely localized. For 3D geometries, there are two mobility boundaries flanking an intermediate range of energies where states are extended with eigenstates localized for energies above or below this range. While a zone of extended states persists even for very short l, the width of the region tends to zero exponentially (i.e. scaling as exp{-A/l}) for very small decay length scales.
description: 13 pages, 17 figures
$\sqrt{n}$-consistent parameter estimation for systems of ordinary differential equations: bypassing numerical integration via smoothing
Creators: name: Gugushvili, Shota
name: Klaassen, Chris A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of parameter estimation for a system of ordinary differential equations from noisy observations on a solution of the system. In case the system is nonlinear, as it typically is in practical applications, an analytic solution to it usually does not exist. Consequently, straightforward estimation methods like the ordinary least squares method depend on repetitive use of numerical integration in order to determine the solution of the system for each of the parameter values considered, and to find subsequently the parameter estimate that minimises the objective function. This induces a huge computational load to such estimation methods. We study the consistency of an alternative estimator that is defined as a minimiser of an appropriate distance between a nonparametrically estimated derivative of the solution and the right-hand side of the system applied to a nonparametrically estimated solution. This smooth and match estimator (SME) bypasses numerical integration altogether and reduces the amount of computational time drastically compared to ordinary least squares. Moreover, we show that under suitable regularity conditions this smooth and match estimation procedure leads to a $\sqrt{n}$-consistent estimator of the parameter of interest.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/11-BEJ362 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
A-stable Runge-Kutta methods for semilinear evolution equations
Creators: name: Oliver, Marcel
name: Wulff, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider semilinear evolution equations for which the linear part generates a strongly continuous semigroup and the nonlinear part is sufficiently smooth on a scale of Hilbert spaces. In this setting, we prove the existence of solutions which are temporally smooth in the norm of the lowest rung of the scale for an open set of initial data on the highest rung of the scale. Under the same assumptions, we prove that a class of implicit, $A$-stable Runge--Kutta semidiscretizations in time of such equations are smooth as maps from open subsets of the highest rung into the lowest rung of the scale. Under the additional assumption that the linear part of the evolution equation is normal or sectorial, we prove full order convergence of the semidiscretization in time for initial data on open sets. Our results apply, in particular, to the semilinear wave equation and to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Stripes in the two-dimensional t-J model with infinite projected entangled-pair states
Creators: name: Corboz, P.
name: White, S. R.
name: Vidal, G.
name: Troyer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate the $t$ $J$ model in two dimensions by means of infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS) generalized to arbitrary unit cells, finding results similar to those previously obtained by the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) for wide ladders. In particular, we show that states exhibiting stripes, {\it i.e}. a unidirectional modulation of hole-density and antiferromagnetic order with a $π$-phase shift between adjacent stripes, have a lower variational energy than uniform phases predicted by variational and fixed-node Monte Carlo simulations. For a fixed unit-cell size the energy per hole is minimized for a hole density $ρ_l\sim 0.5$ per unit length of a stripe. The superconducting order parameter is maximal around $ρ_l\sim 0.75-0.8$.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, minor changes
Neuroendocrine modulation of aggressive behavior
Creators: name: Jalabert, Cecilia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Aggression is an important social behavior that plays key roles in mediating access to limited resources. During the breeding season, aggression is stimulated by gonadal steroids. Interestingly, many species are highly aggressive during the non-breeding season, despite the gonads being regressed. Song sparrows, Melospiza melodia, are territorial year-round and therefore are an excellent animal model to study seasonal changes in the steroid modulation of aggression. Recent research has shown that the brain itself can produce steroids by metabolizing circulating precursors and even by de novo synthesis from cholesterol. Because steroids can be synthesized locally in the brain, steroid levels in the blood often do not reflect steroid levels in specific brain regions. Thus, it is critical to accurately measure steroid levels in discrete brain regions. Steroids are challenging to measure because they are present at very low levels and current techniques often lack the sensitivity required. In chapter 2, I developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the measurement of steroids with a focus on androgens and their precursors. In chapter 3, I developed and validated a method to measure several estrogens with increased sensitivity. Both methods were validated in blood, plasma, and microdissected brain tissue of song sparrows and are broadly applicable to other species, allowing steroid profiling in circulation and microdissected brain. Further, we applied these methods and quantified steroids examining peripheral and neural synthesis of steroids across seasons and in response to an aggressive interaction in wild male song sparrows. Briefly, I report that 1) brain steroid levels can greatly differ from circulating steroid levels, 2) brain steroid levels show region-specific seasonal patterns that are not a simple reflection of circulating steroid levels, and 3) local steroid production rapidly increases in response to an aggressive interaction in the non-breeding season. Overall, steroid levels are regulated within the brain and local production is dependent on the season and behavioral context.
The role of expectancy-value theory in upper-secondary level students’ decisions to avoid the study of advanced mathematics
Creators: name: Treacy, Páraic
name: O'Meara, Niamh
name: Prendergast, Mark
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: Mathematical sciences

description: Widening and increasing participation in advanced mathematics studies at upper-secondary level (age 16–18) is a significant challenge for most education systems. Policy makers in Ireland have attempted to address this challenge over the past decade by introducing an incentive to encourage students to study advanced mathematics. This study examines the reasons why students, who would appear to have sufficient prior achievement to enable them to engage in advanced mathematics studies at upper-secondary level, opted not to do so even with the presence of this incentive. Responses to questionnaires completed by 183 students in 10 secondary schools across Ireland were analysed. This analysis indicated that these students tended to avoid engaging in advanced mathematics study at upper-secondary level for a range of reasons. Most cited the expectation that they would struggle or had struggled too much with advanced mathematics. Other commonly cited reasons included the amount of time and effort required to engage effectively in the study of advanced mathematics and the impact this would have on time available to study other subjects.
Modeling the Newtonian Dynamics for Rotation Curve Analysis of Thin-Disk Galaxies
Creators: name: Feng, James Q.
name: Gallo, C. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an efficient, robust computational method for modeling the Newtonian dynamics for rotation curve analysis of thin-disk galaxies. For a disk galaxy with a typical flat rotation curve, our modeling results show that the surface mass density monotonically decreases from the galactic center toward periphery, according to Newtonian dynamics. In a large portion of the galaxy, the surface mass density follows an approximately exponential law of decay with respect to the galactic radial coordinate. Yet the radial scale length for the surface mass density seems to be generally larger than that of the measured brightness distribution, suggesting an increasing mass-to-light ratio with the radial distance in a disk galaxy. In a nondimensionalized form, our mathematical system contains a dimensionless parameter which we call the "galactic rotation number" that represents the gross ratio of centrifugal force and gravitational force. The value of this galactic rotation number is determined as part of the numerical solution. Through a systematic computational analysis, we have illustrated that this galactic rotation number remains within $\pm 10%$ of 1.70 for a wide variety of rotation curves. This implies that the total mass in a disk galaxy is proportional to $V_0^2\,R_g$, with $V_0$ denoting the characteristic rotation velocity and $R_g$ the radius of the galactic disk. The predicted total galactic mass of the Milky Way is in good agreement with the star-count data.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Lactic acid bacteria that activate immune gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans can antagonise Campylobacter jejuni infection in nematodes, chickens and mice
Creators: name: Jin, Xing
name: He, Yufeng
name: Zhou, Yonghua
name: Chen, Xiaohua
name: Lee, Yuan-kun
name: Zhao, Jianxin
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Chen, Wei
name: Wang, Gang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 Fig. S1 Flow chart of LAB interventions in C. elegans. Fig. S2 Flow chart of LAB interventions in mice and chicken. (A) Experimental design for mice. (B) Experimental design for chicken. Table S1 The information of 44 LAB strains. Table S2 LAB load in the intestine of C. elegans. Table S3 C. jejuni load in the intestine of C. elegans. Table S4 E.coli OP50 load in the intestine of C. elegans. Table S5 Effects of LAB on the body size of C. elegans infected by C. jejuni. Table S6 Effects of LAB on the pharynx pumping of C. elegans infected by C. jejuni. Table S7 Differential effects of LAB on the transcription of immune genes of C. elegans infected by C. jejuni. Table S8 Differential effects of LAB alone on the transcription of immune genes of C. elegans on day 3. Table S9 qPCR primers for nematodes defense gene.
Fine structure and size dependence of exciton and bi-exciton optical spectra in CdSe nanocrystals
Creators: name: Korkusinski, Marek
name: Voznyy, Oleksandr
name: Hawrylak, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theory of electronic and optical properties of exciton and bi-exciton complexes confined in CdSe spherical nanocrystals is presented. The electron and hole states are computed using atomistic $sp^3d^5s^*$ tight binding Hamiltonian including an effective crystal field splitting, spin-orbit interactions, and model surface passivation. The optically excited states are expanded in electron-hole configurations and the many-body spectrum is computed in the configuration-interaction approach. Results demonstrate that the low-energy electron spectrum is organized in shells ($s$, $p$, ...), whilst the valence hole spectrum is composed of four low-lying, doubly degenerate states separated from the rest by a gap. As a result, the bi-exciton and exciton spectrum is composed of a manifold of closely lying states, resulting in a fine structure of exciton and bi-exciton spectra. The quasi-degenerate nature of the hole spectrum results in a correlated bi-exciton state, which makes it slowly convergent with basis size. We carry out a systematic study of the exciton and bi-exciton emission spectra as a function of the nanocrystal diameter and find that the interplay of repulsion between constituent excitons and correlation effects results in a change of the sign of bi-exciton binding energy from negative to positive at a critical nanocrystal size.
description: 13 pages
Universality in one-dimensional hierarchical coalescence processes
Creators: name: Faggionato, Alessandra
name: Martinelli, Fabio
name: Roberto, Cyril
name: Toninelli, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by several models introduced in the physics literature to study the nonequilibrium coarsening dynamics of one-dimensional systems, we consider a large class of "hierarchical coalescence processes" (HCP). An HCP consists of an infinite sequence of coalescence processes ${ξ^{(n)}(\cdot)}_{n\ge1}$: each process occurs in a different "epoch" (indexed by $n$) and evolves for an infinite time, while the evolution in subsequent epochs are linked in such a way that the initial distribution of $ξ^{(n+1)}$ coincides with the final distribution of $ξ^{(n)}$. Inside each epoch the process, described by a suitable simple point process representing the boundaries between adjacent intervals (domains), evolves as follows. Only intervals whose length belongs to a certain epoch-dependent finite range are active, that is, they can incorporate their left or right neighboring interval with quite general rates. Inactive intervals cannot incorporate their neighbors and can increase their length only if they are incorporated by active neighbors. The activity ranges are such that after a merging step the newly produced interval always becomes inactive for that epoch but active for some future epoch. Without making any mean-field assumption we show that: (i) if the initial distribution describes a renewal process, then such a property is preserved at all later times and all future epochs; (ii) the distribution of certain rescaled variables, for example, the domain length, has a well-defined and universal limiting behavior as $n\to \infty$ independent of the details of the process (merging rates, activity ranges$,...$). This last result explains the universality in the limiting behavior of several very different physical systems (e.g., the East model of glassy dynamics or the Paste-all model) which was observed in several simulations and analyzed in many physics papers. The main idea to obtain the asymptotic result is to first write down a recursive set of nonlinear identities for the Laplace transforms of the relevant quantities on different epochs and then to solve it by means of a transformation which in some sense linearizes the system.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOP654 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Additional file 1 of Arabic translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire in a Saudi population
Creators: name: Malaekah, Haifaa
name: Medbel, Haifaa Saud Al
name: Sameerah Al Mowallad
name: Asiri, Zahra Al
name: Alhanouf Albadrani
name: Abdullah, Hussam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: The Saudi Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (SPFQ).