cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Postbreeding Ecology of Adult Male Northern Pintails and Cinnamon Teal Near Great Salt Lake, Utah
Creators: name: Cox, Robert R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1993

description: I studied nutrient reserves, digestive organs, molt intensity, diets , and seasonal changes in food resources available to postbreeding adult male Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) and Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera) in marshes near Great Salt Lake, Utah. Total lipid and protein reserves of Northern Pintails were lower during the flightless period than before or after. For Cinnamon Teal, total protein was lowest during the flightless period, and total lipid showed a similar trend. Total mineral did not differ among plumage classes in either species. Use of nutrient reserves in these species may be an endogenous rhythm in response to increased predation risk or unpredictable food resources while flightless.
Digestive organ metrics of Northern Pintails generally were lower while flightless than before or after, apparently due to decreased dietary consumption. Cinnamon Teal digestive organ metrics changed little from preflightless to flightless stages, but generally increased while postflightless. Changes in Cinnamon Teal digestive organs may be related to increased dietary intake or increased dietary fiber consumption.
Total molt intensity in these species was generally high before and during wing molt, and decreased during the postflightless period. Mathematically weighting total molt scores produced results similar to those obtained without weighting, but selection of body/feather regions is critical to obtaining unbiased estimates.
Changes in relative availability of plant and animal foods during July and August were marked . Animal foods made up 96% of total foods measured in the study area during early July, but plant foods comprised 95% of available foods by late August. Changes in abundances of food resources are probably an important determinant of diet selection in postbreeding adult ducks and ducklings in marshes near Great Salt Lake.
Diets of postbreeding adult male Northern Pintails and Cinnamon Teal did not differ between species, but did among flight classes. Changes in use of food items and in use of animal and plant foods were consistent with changes in relative abundances of food resources. Postbreeding adult males of these species apparently foraged opportunistically.
Additional file 7 of Sphingosine kinase 1 contributes to the metastatic potential of epithelial ovarian cancer to the adipocyte-rich niche
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Ye, Taiyang
name: Wang, Wenjing
name: Song, Keqi
name: Zhu, Jie
name: Dai, Lan
name: Di, Wen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 7: Supplementary Methods.
title: The Effects of Myoglobin, Nitrosylmyoglobin, and Free Iron on the Growth of Clostridium botulinum in Cured Meat
Creators: name: Fortier Collinge, Susan K.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1981

description: Although nitrite is a known inhibitor of Clostridium botulinum in cured meats, the mechanism of inhibition is not understood. The observation has been made that iron is required for growth of C. botulinum and that the role of nitrite may be to alter the pathway of iron uptake by these organisms. Since the color change in cured meats is due to the binding of nitrite to the heme group of meat pigments, it was hypothesized that nitrite may also be tying up an essential iron source, heme. This experiment was an investigation of the possibility that myoglobin added to a meat system would stimulate growth and toxin production by C. botulinum much more than myoglobin that had been nitrosylated before inclusion in the product. Treatments were included to compare the effects of a heme iron source, myoglobin, with that of an ionic source, ferric chloride. To help understand the role of free iron in botulinal growth, several treatments contained a metal ion chlator, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Nitrite caused a definite delay of growth, as evidenced by gas bubbles, when compared with a non-nitrite system. Addition of ferric chloride resulted in an increase in the rate of of appearance of swollen samples, although growth was enhanced even more when myoglobin was added. When nitrosylated myoglobin was included, growth was inhibited more than in the treatment with nitrite alone. EDTA inhibited growth of C. botulinum but a conclusion should not be made with respect to the chelation of iron since EDTA chelates many other metals. Residual nitrite levels had declined to below 10 ppm by the time swelling occurred. Although swelling did not occur until nitrite had declined in the products, the absence of nitrite alone did not allow growth and toxin production. Since nitrosylated myoglobin and EDTA inhibited botulinal growth even after residual nitrite had declined, it is possible that the inhibitory action of nitrite is creating a nutritional deficiency for C. botulinum.
Non-radial Pulsations in the Open Cluster NGC 3766
Creators: name: Roettenbacher, Rachael M.
name: Amouzou, Ernest C.
name: McSwain, M. Virginia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-radial pulsations (NRPs) are a proposed mechanism for the formation of decretion disks around Be stars and are important tools to study the internal structure of stars. NGC 3766 has an unusually large fraction of transient Be stars, so it is an excellent location to study the formation mechanism of Be star disks. High resolution spectroscopy can reveal line profile variations from NRPs, allowing measurements of both the degree, l, and azimuthal order, m. However, spectroscopic studies require large amounts of time with large telescopes to achieve the necessary high S/N and time domain coverage. On the other hand, multi-color photometry can be performed more easily with small telescopes to measure l only. Here, we present representative light curves of Be stars and non-emitting B stars in NGC 3766 from the CTIO 0.9m telescope in an effort to study NRPs in this cluster.
description: 4 pages, to appear in the proceedings of IAU Symposium 266: Star Clusters
Spatial distribution of sea-level markers on Lesvos Island (NE Aegean Sea): Evidence of differential relative sea-level changes and the neotectonic implications
Creators: name: Vacchi, Matteo
name: Rovere, Alessio
name: Zouros, Nickolas
name: Desruelles, Stéphane
name: Caron, Vincent
name: Firpo, Marco
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Submarine geology

description: The aim of this study is to provide new data on relative sea-level changes and neotectonics of the northeastern Aegean Sea region (Eastern Mediterranean) through the analysis of the coastal geomorphology of Lesvos, the third largest Greek island. There is a paucity of presently available data in this sector of the Aegean Sea, which is a tectonically active area strongly controlled by the North Anatolian Fault. In this paper, morphological, biological and sedimentary records of paleo-sea levels have been used to reconstruct relative sea-level changes, to identify variations in the tectonic regimes as well as to assess the paleoseismicity in the studied areas. According to the results, late Quaternary relative sea-level changes at Lesvos were not homogenous and variations in the tectonic setting played a crucial role in the coastal evolution. The NW-SE trending faults on the southern shore of the island control a significant uplift affecting about 30 km of coastline. This uplift trend is controlled by the footwall of the Lesvos Fault, a major offshore normal fault that has been subject to relatively little quantitative investigation. Radiocarbon dating indicated that the last co-seismic uplift took place at 3365–3963 cal yr BP and resulted in about 0.75 m of vertical displacement. In contrast, all the paleo-sea-level markers mapped in the northeastern sector were presently underwater and, despite the high seismicity of the area, no evidence of coastal uplift was observed in this part of the island. Thus, the paper provides the first field evidence of a differential late Quaternary evolution of Lesvos Island. In addition, results represent the first quantitative information on the activity of the Lesvos Fault, suggesting a reconsideration of its importance in the neotectonics of the area.
Effectiveness of multiple blood-cleansing interventions in sepsis, characterized in rats
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Animals
Computer Simulation
Disease Models, Animal
Mice
Models, Biological
Models, Theoretical
Rats
Sepsis
Severity of Illness Index
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome

description: Sepsis is a serious, life-threatening condition that presents a growing problem in medicine, but there is still no satisfying solution for treating it. Several blood cleansing approaches recently gained attention as promising interventions that target the main site of problem development-the blood. The focus of this study is an evaluation of the theoretical effectiveness of hemoadsorption therapy and pathogen reduction therapy. This is evaluated using the mathematical model of Murine sepsis, and the results of over 2,200 configurations of single and multiple intervention therapies simulated on 5,000 virtual subjects suggest the advantage of pathogen reduction over hemoadsorption therapy. However, a combination of two approaches is found to take advantage of their complementary effects and outperform either therapy alone. The conducted computational experiments provide unprecedented evidence that the combination of two therapies synergistically enhances the positive effects beyond the simple superposition of the benefits of two approaches. Such a characteristic could have a profound influence on the way sepsis treatment is conducted.
title: Bioavailability of Calcium, Fluoride and Iron in Mechanically-Deboned Beef Fed to Growing Rats
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Kathryn
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1981

description: Weanling rats were fed diets containing raw lyophylized hand-deboned shank beef (HDS) supplemented with CaCO3, retorted lyophylized mechanically deboned shank beef (MDS), or raw lyophylized MDS. Ca in the latter two diets originated from bone during the mechanical deboning process. Ca absorption, Ca retention, bone weight, and bone breaking strength were similar for comparative dietary levels of Ca regardless of the source. Bone ash and Ca content was significantly higher (P < .05) in the MDS 393 (3.93 g Ca/kg diet) diet and in the retorted MDS 460 diet compared with the HDS 488 diet. Relative biological values for the MDS diets calculated relative to the HDS diets ranged from 102 to 132 when the linear regression of Ca consumed, Ca retained, or dietary Ca level vs bone ash or bone Ca content was obtained. The retorted MDS 460 diet contained the highest Fe level and exhibited a lower percent absorption, terminal hemoglobin level, and liver Fe storage. Humerus F content increased as dietary F (also present from bone) level increased. Dietary F level did not determine humerus breaking strength.
Occurrence and utilization of fog
Creators: name: Hayes, Derek
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The thesis is proposed that, under certain favourable conditions, water may be deposited from fogs on to plants, and utilized by them. Where other sources of water are scarce, this addition may be critical for their survival. The physical characteristics, and the spatial and temporal occurrence of fogs are discussed. An attempt is made to define some of the associated meteorological conditions, and some of the causal mechanisms, of certain common fog types, by a detailed analysis of the temporal coincidence of fog and certain meteorological parameters at Vancouver International Airport. This information is then used to construct a conditional probability model for the prediction of fog occurrence. The techniques of mechanically measuring interception of water from fogs are next considered. Experiments with screened raingauges, in England, and a gauze - cylinder type recording fog gauge, at Vancouver International Airport, are described, and the significance of the results assessed. It is hypothesized that there are two main pathways of fog water utilization by vegetation; the evidence for each is assessed. These are direct absorption of deposited water, which usually occurs under moisture stressed conditions, and drip to the ground, with replenishment of soil water, and subsequent normal root absorption. It is considered that certain plant morphologies, at various scales, influence the amount of water that may be intercepted from fog. These are discussed, and attempts are made at experimentation, using laboratory fog simulation. The difficulties of accurately measuring fog drip amounts from complex vegetation types are evaluated, and some simple models of fog drip assessed.
Strengthening the rule of law or serving as a tool of war? : a critical analysis of United Nations sanctions
Creators: name: Farrall, Jeremy Matam
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis explores the relationship between United Nations sanctions and the rule of law. Its primary contention is that sanctions have been applied in such a way that they have undermined the rule of law, thus weakening the authority and legitimacy of the U.N. Security Council and the U.N. sanctions system. As a consequence, States are less likely to comply with their sanctions obligations to the extent necessary to ensure that sanctions are effective. The challenge is therefore how to modify the Security Council's sanctions practice so that sanctions command such respect and inspire such confidence that States both desire and feel compelled to implement sanctions fully and effectively. The thesis proceeds in four Parts. Part I sets the stage for analysis, introducing U.N. sanctions and proposing a basic accountability-based model of the rule of law, according to which the central aim of the rule of law is to prevent the abuse of power. Part II explores the origins of the Security Council's sanctions powers, tracing the path leading to the enshrinement of the Security Council's sanctions powers in the U.N. Charter and describing the legal basis for the application of sanctions. Part III illustrates how the Security Council has acted upon its sanctions powers in practice, charting the manner in which the Council's sanctions-related decisions have shaped the contours of the U.N. sanctions system. Part IV then operationalises the theoretical framework for analysis developed in Part I, critically evaluating the extent to which sanctions have strengthened the rule of law. It concludes that the U.N. sanctions system exhibits shortcomings in respect of each of the key elements of the rule of law and makes proposals for reforming the Security Council's sanctions practice so that sanctions can strengthen, rather than undermine, the rule of law.
title: Improved Fermentation Process for Producing Methane from Cheese Whey
Creators: name: Awad, AbdulRaman Y.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1982

description: Two methods of single-stage fermentation were used to produce methane from whey. The first method involved batch fermentation in which the pH was automatically controlled at 7.0. In addition to pH control, the second method was characterized by introducing the substrate continuously into the fermenter along with dilution water to keep the organic acids at a non-toxic level.
The first method did not improve the production of methane compared to the batch fermentation in which a pH control system was not used (41). However, the second method showed that the concentration of organic acids has a major effect on limiting the production of methane from whey, and that by diluting the substrate with water the concentration of these acids was kept at levels not toxic to methanogenic bacteria until the population of methanogenic bacteria was such that they could convert organic acids to methane as rapidly as the acids were produced by non-methanogenic bacteria in a continuous process. This continuous process was capable of producing .179 m3 methane per kilogram of lactose in cheese whey.
Additional file 3 of Sphingosine kinase 1 contributes to the metastatic potential of epithelial ovarian cancer to the adipocyte-rich niche
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Ye, Taiyang
name: Wang, Wenjing
name: Song, Keqi
name: Zhu, Jie
name: Dai, Lan
name: Di, Wen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S2 SphK1 inhibitor PF543 suppressed adipocyte-induced metastasis of EOC cells. A Serum-starved SKOV3 and HEY cells were treated with increasing doses of PF543 as indicated for 2 h. Expression level of SphK1 was determined by Western blot and normalized to GAPDH. Densitometric analysis of SphK1 was shown on the right. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). ns, no significance versus control; two-tailed Student’s t test. B Serum-starved SKOV3 and HEY cells were treated with 10 μM PF543 for the indicated time. Expression level of SphK1 was determined by Western blot and normalized to GAPDH. Densitometric analysis of SphK1 was shown on the right. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). ns, no significance versus control; two-tailed Student’s t test. C Representative images of migration assay (200×). SKOV3 and HEY cells were serum starved overnight, pretreated with PF543 (10 μM) for 2 h, and then migrated towards SFM or adipocyte CM. Migrated cells were photographed and calculated. Experiments have been carried out with adipocytes from 2 to 3 independent donors. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05; two-tailed Student’s t test. D Representative images of invasion assay (200×). SKOV3 and HEY cells were serum starved overnight, pretreated with PF543 (10 μM) for 2 h, and then invaded towards SFM or adipocyte CM. Invaded cells were photographed and calculated. Experiments have been carried out with adipocytes from 2 to 3 independent donors. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05; two-tailed Student’s t test
Can the microRNA expression profile help to identify novel targets for zoledronic acid in breast cancer?
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: bone metastasis
breast cancer
microarray analysis
miRNA expression profile
zoledronic acid

description: Zoledronic acid (ZOL), belonging to third generation bisphosphonate family, is a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, widely used to effectively prevent osteolysis in breast cancer patients who develop bone metastases. Low doses of ZOL have been shown to exhibit a direct anticancer role, by inhibiting cell adhesion, invasion, cytoskeleton remodelling and proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In order to identify the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying the anticancer activity exerted by ZOL, we analyzed for the first time the microRNA expression profile in breast cancer cells. A large-scale microarray analysis of 377 miRNAs was performed on MCF7 cells treated with 10 μM ZOL for 24 h compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, the expression of specific ZOL-induced miRNAs was analyzed in MCF-7 and SkBr3 cells through Real-time PCR. Low-dose treatment with ZOL significantly altered expression of 54 miRNAs. Nine upregulated and twelve downregulated miRNAs have been identified after 24 h of treatment. Also, ZOL induced expression of 11 specific miRNAs and silenced expression of 22 miRNAs. MiRNA data analysis revealed the involvement of differentially expressed miRNAs in PI3K/Akt, MAPK, Wnt, TGF-Β, Jak-STAT and mTOR signaling pathways, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Our results have been shown to be perfectly coherent with the recent findings reported in literature concerning changes in expression of some miRNAs involved in bone metastasis formation, progression, therapy resistance in breast cancer. In conclusion, this data supports the hypothesis that ZOL-induced modification of the miRNA expression profile contributes to the anticancer efficacy of this agent.
title: Prediction of Mozzarella Cheese Yield from Milk Composition
Creators: name: Abu-Tarboush, Hamzah M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1982

description: This study was conducted to develop and evaluate several formulas which predict Mozzarella cheese yield from fat and protein content of milk and moisture content of cheese. During a one month period, 107 samples of milk and cheese were collected at Olympia Cheese Company, Olympia, Washington. Milk samples were analyzed for fat and protein content. Cheese samples were analyzed for fat, protein and moisture content.
Three models were derived to predict the yield of Mozzarella cheese. The three models were statistically fitted to the data by applying the Gauss-Newton non-linear least squares method of iteration. The differences among the three models in predicting cheese yield were insignificant. Any of the three formulas can predict yield of Mozzarella cheese reasonably well.
On the existence of shortest directed networks
Creators: name: Swanepoel, Konrad J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C20; 49Q10

description: A directed network connecting a set A to a set B is a digraph containing an a-b path for each a in A and b in B. Vertices in the directed network not in A or B are called Steiner points. We show that in a finitely compact metric space in which geodesics exist, any two finite sets A and B are connected by a shortest directed network. We also bound the number of Steiner points by a function of the sizes of A and B. Previously, such an existence result was known only for the Euclidean plane [M. Alfaro, Pacific J. Math. 167 (1995) 201-214]. The main difficulty is that, unlike the undirected case (Steiner minimal trees), the underlying graphs need not be acyclic. Existence in the undirected case was first shown by E. J. Cockayne [Canad. Math. Bull. 10 (1967) 431-450].
description: 6 pages. An old paper from 2000
Time-Dependent Fully Nonlinear Geostrophic Adjustment
Creators: name: Kuo, Allen C.
name: Polvani, Lorenzo M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Physics
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Shock-capturing numerical methods are employed to integrate the fully nonlinear, rotating 1D shallow-water equations starting from steplike nongeostrophic initial conditions (a Rossby adjustment problem). Such numerical methods allow one to observe the formation of multiple bores during the transient adjustment process as well as their decay due to rotation. It is demonstrated that increasing the rotation and/or the nonlinearity increases the rate of decay. Additionally, the time required for adjustment to be completed and its dependence on nonlinearity is examined; this time is found to be highly measure dependent. Lastly, the final adjusted state of the system is observed through long time integrations. Although the bores that form provide a mechanism for dissipation, their decay results in a final state in very good agreement with the one computed by well-known (dissipationless) conservation methods.
Rock varnish evidence for a Younger Dryas wet period in the Dead Sea basin
Creators: name: Liu, Tanzhuo
name: Broecker, Wallace S.
name: Stein, Mordechai
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Rock varnish from 14.6 to 13.2 ka recessional shorelines of late glacial Lake Lisan and fan delta surfaces between 280 and 365 m bmsl (meters below mean sea level) along the western margins of the Dead Sea contains replicable layering patterns, characterized by a low Mn and Ba orange/yellow surface layer and a high Mn and Ba dark basal layer. The deposition of the dark basal layers immediately after the lake recession represents a wet period coinciding with the Younger Dryas (YD) cooling (12.9–11.6 ka), manifesting the influence of midlatitude westerly winds in the eastern Mediterranean-central Levant (EM-CL). In contrast, varnish from the distal base of fan deltas contains only orange/yellow surface layers, diagnostic of the Holocene relatively dry climate. The absence of the dark basal layers in the varnish further indicates a YD high stand at ~365 m bmsl and a lake level rise of at least 100 m from its Bølling-Ållerød lowstand. This rise stands in contrast to the abrupt drop of the lake level during the Heinrich (H1) cold event, illustrating the opposite response of the EM-CL climate to changes in the North Atlantic climate. The YD wet event most likely reflects a southward shift of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation-modulated midlatitude westerly wind belt in the EM-CL region.
Big rational surfaces
Creators: name: Testa, Damiano
name: Várilly-Alvarado, Anthony
name: Velasco, Mauricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J26, 14M05

description: We prove that the Cox ring of a smooth rational surface with big anticanonical class is finitely generated. We classify surfaces of this type that are blow-ups of the plane at distinct points lying on a (possibly reducible) cubic.
description: Major revision; added examples of big rational surfaces that are not log del Pezzo
title: Factors Affecting the Measurement of Undenatured Whey Protein Nitrogen in Dried Whey by a Modified Harland-Ashworth Test
Creators: name: Aboumahmoud, Reyad M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1981

description: The Harland-Ashworth test for measuring undenatured whey protein nitrogen in nonfat dry milk was modified to measure undenatured whey protein nitrogen in dried whey. The new test was designed to measure absorbance in Harland-Ashworth filtrates at 280 nm to eliminate difficulties associated with turbidimetric measurements. One gram dried whey was reconstituted in 25 ml pH 6.7 phosphate buffer (.lM) in a 25 x 150 mm test tube. Ten grams sodium chloride were added. The test tubes were incubated for 30 min in a water bath at 37C and shaken 8-10 times in the first 15 min. The tubes were removed from the water bath and cooled to room temperature. The contents of the tubes were filtered through S & S 602 filter paper. One milliliter of filtrate was diluted with 10 ml H2o and the total absorbance was measured against a blank of 1 ml phosphate buffer saturated with sodium chloride, then diluted with 10 ml H2o. One milliliter of filtrate was mixed with 10 ml 13.2% trichloroacetic acid and filtered through Whatman 42 filter paper. The nonprotein absorbance was measured against a blank containing 1 ml phosphate buffer saturated with sodium chloride, then mixed with 10 ml 13.2% trichloracetic acid and filtered through Whatman 42 filter paper. Undenatured whey protein absorbance was the difference between total absorbance and nonprotein absorbance. Undenatured whey protein nitrogen per gram dried whey equaled the undenatured whey protein nitrogen absorbance multipled by 50.5462 (R2 = 0.9743).
The test produced highly reproducible results with nonfat dry milk as well as dried whey. The relationship between absorbance and undenatured whey protein nitrogen was highly correlated and not solids concentration during heating or pH of the whey during heating.
Saturated magnetic field amplification at supernova shocks
Creators: name: Luo, Qinghuan
name: Melrose, Don
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic-ray streaming instabilities at supernova shocks are discussed in the quasilinear diffusion formalism which takes into account the feedback effect of wave growth on the cosmic ray streaming motion. In particular, the nonresonant instability that leads to magnetic field amplification in the short wavelength regime is considered. The linear growth rate is calculated using kinetic theory for a streaming distribution. We show that the nonresonant instability is actually driven by a compensating current in the background plasma. The nonresonant instability can develop into a nonlinear regime generating turbulence. The saturation of the amplified magnetic fields due to particle diffusion in the turbulence is derived analytically. It is shown that the evolution of parallel and perpendicular cosmic-ray pressures is predominantly determined by nonresonant diffusion. However, the saturation is determined by resonant diffusion which tends to reduce the streaming motion through pitch angle scattering. The saturated level can exceed the mean background magnetic field.
description: 8 pages. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 6 of Sphingosine kinase 1 contributes to the metastatic potential of epithelial ovarian cancer to the adipocyte-rich niche
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Ye, Taiyang
name: Wang, Wenjing
name: Song, Keqi
name: Zhu, Jie
name: Dai, Lan
name: Di, Wen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 6: Fig. S5 Inhibition of SphK1 suppressed omental metastasis of EOC in vivo. A Expression of SphK1 in stable transfected SKOV3 cells tested by qRT-PCR and Western blot. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05 versus Blank; ns, no significance versus Blank; two-tailed Student’s t-test. B Representative images of disseminated tumors in intraperitoneal EOC xenograft mouse models injected with Ctrl shRNA (sh-Ctrl) transfected or SphK1 shRNA (sh-SphK1) transfected SKOV3 cells. Black arrows indicated the location of the metastatic nodules. C Representative images of omental metastatic tumors in mouse models. D Quantification of tumor weight in different metastatic sites. Data are mean ± SD (n = 6). *P < 0.05 versus sh-Ctrl group; ns, no significance; two-tailed Student’s t test. E Quantification of tumor number in different metastatic sites. Data are mean ± SD (n = 6). *P < 0.05; ns, no significance; two-tailed Student’s t test. F IHC staining of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Twist1 in omental metastatic tumor tissue of mouse models. The scale bar represents 20 μm. Statistical analysis of IOD/area was shown on the right. Data are mean ± SD (n = 6). *P < 0.05 versus sh-Ctrl group; two-tailed Student’s t-test. G Expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Twist1 in omental metastatic tumor tissue were determined by Western blot and normalized to GAPDH. Densitometric analyses of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Twist1 were shown on the right. Data are mean ± SD (n = 6). *P < 0.05 versus sh-Ctrl group; two-tailed Student’s t-test
Effect of freshwater influx on phytoplankton in the Mandovi estuary (Goa, India) during monsoon season: Chemotaxonomy
Creators: name: Parab, Sushma G.
name: Matondkar, S. G. Prabhu
name: Gomes, Maria Fatima Helga D.
name: Goes, Joaquim I.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Submarine geology

description: The Mandovi estuary is a prominent water body that runs along the west coast ofIndia. It forms an estuarine network with the adjacent Zuari estuary, connected via the Cumbharjua canal. The physico-chemical conditions seen in the Mandovi estuary are influenced by two factors: the fresh water runoff during the monsoon season (June-September) and the tidal influx of coastal seawater during the summer (October to May) season. However, the effects of monsoon related changes on the phytoplankton of the Mandovi estuary are not yet fully understood. An attempt to understand the same has been made here by applying the process of daily sampling at a fixed station throughout the monsoon season. It was noticed that the onset of the monsoon is responsible for an increase in nitrate levels upto 26 μM from <1 μM during pre-monsoon and enhancement of chlorophyll a (chl a) as high as 14 μg·L-1 during the same period. The phytoplankton population was observed through both chemotaxonomy and microscopy and was found to be composed mainly of diatoms. CHEMTAX analysis further uncovers the presence of several other groups of phytoplankton, the presence of which is yet to be reported in many other tropical estuaries. It includes chrysophytes, cyanobacteria, prasinophytes, prymnesiophytes and chlorophytes. The appearance of phytoplankton groups at various stages of the monsoon was recorded, and this data is discussed in relation to environmental changes in the Mandovi estuary during the monsoon season.
title: Assay, Purification, and Characterization of a Pantetheine Hydrolyzing Enzyme from Pig Kidney
Creators: name: Wittwer, Carl Thomas
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1982

description: A microsomal glycoprotein hydrolyzing pantetheine to pantothenate and cysteamine has been solubilized and purified to homogeneity as determined by sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis. Four rapid, independent assays of pantetheine hydrolysis are described and compared along with a method for localizing enzymatic activity on polyacrylamide gels. The enzyme is solubilized on exposure to butanol and purified by heat treatment, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, hydrophobic chromatography, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The glycoprotein, purified 5600-fold in 22% yield, has a specific activity of 14 μmoles pantothenate produced/min/mg of protein, 35 times that previously reported. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 9.0-9.5 and a Km of 20 μM for D-pantetheine. Its molecular weight has been estimated by gel filtration (54,000) and sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis (60,000). Amino acid analysis indicates a high content of isoleucine (11.3 mole %) and phenylalanine (7.4 mole %) with an absorbancy index El%cm (280 nm) of 11 .3. Galactose, mannose, fucose, and glucose are present in decreasing concentrations totaling 90 μg of neutral hexoses per mg of protein. Galactosamine and sialic acid are also present. The enzymatic hydrolysis of various pantetheine analogs indicate the enzyme 1s specificity is high for the pantothenate moiety but low for the cysteamine portion. The enzyme should be useful in routine 11 total 11 pantothenate determinations in tissues.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of carbon segregation and graphene growth on Ru(0001)
Creators: name: McCarty, Kevin F.
name: Feibelman, Peter J.
name: Loginova, Elena
name: Bartelt, Norman C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the concentration of carbon adatoms on the Ru(0001) surface that are in equilibrium with C atoms in the crystal's bulk by monitoring the electron reflectivity of the surface while imaging. During cooling from high temperature, C atoms segregate to the Ru surface, causing graphene islands to nucleate. Using low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), we measure the growth rate of individual graphene islands and, simultaneously, the local concentration of C adatoms on the surface. We find that graphene growth is fed by the supersaturated, two-dimensional gas of C adatoms rather than by direct exchange between the bulk C and the graphene. At long times, the rate at which C diffuses from the bulk to the surface controls the graphene growth rate. The competition among C in three states - dissolved in Ru, as an adatom, and in graphene - is quantified and discussed. The adatom segregation enthalpy determined by applying the simple Langmuir-McLean model to the temperature-dependent equilibrium concentration seriously disagrees with the value calculated from first-principles. This discrepancy suggests that the assumption in the model of non-interacting C is not valid.
title: Variations in the Coagulation Properties of Milk from Individual Cows
Creators: name: Okigbo, Leslie M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1982

description: Milk samples from fifty individual Holstein cows at the Utah State University Dairy Farm were tested monthly for 10 months for total protein, casein, fat, somatic cells and pH. A new instrument (Foss Formagraph) was used to measure the coagulation properties of the samples. Simulated cheese making procedures were utilized to measure recovery of fat and protein. All the data were statistically analyzed in relation to individual animals, stage of lactation, number of lactation and milk yield.
Significant variations in clotting time and curd firmness were observed in relation to period of lactation, season, individual cow difference, and milk pH. A high, negative correlation (-0.86) was observed between clotting time and curd firmness. The mean clotting time generally increased as lactation progressed and milk yield decreased. '!his coincided with the change in seasons from Summer, when the cows were generally in mid lactation, to Winter when they were in late lactation. Curd firmness was generally greater in Summer than in Fall or Winter. Milk samples from 38% of the cows did not coagulate, one month prior to their dry periods. Frequency of the failure of milk to coagulate one month before the dry period was highest in Winter (68.4%) and Fall (31.6%). All samples from cows dried in the Summer coagulated one month before drying. A procedure was developed for measuring the coagulation efficiency of milk from individual cows.
Milk pH was the most significant and independent source of variation affecting clotting time and curd firmness. Stage of lactation correlated significantly and positively with total protein, casein, fat, pH and negatively with milk yield. Total protein, casein, fat, pH and somatic cell counts were highest in Winter, when milk yields were lowest and average days in lactation were longest.
The amounts of casein plus fat that were measured were substituted in the Van Slyke and Price formula to estimate cheese yields during Winter months (January through March). Values ranged from 5.42 to 14.03 lb per 100 lb milk from individual cows with a mean value of 9.18 lb/100 lb milk. Percentages of milk fat plus casein lost in whey ranged from 13.3 to 23.9% with a mean of 17.8% for individual cows.
Observation of Nonequilibrium Carrier Distribution in Ge, Si and GaAs by Terahertz-pump--Terahertz-probe Measurements
Creators: name: Hebling, Janos
name: Hoffmann, Matthias C.
name: Hwang, Harold Y.
name: Yeh, Ka-Lo
name: Nelson, Keith A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the observed strong saturation of the free carrier absorption in n-type semiconductors at 300 K in the terahertz frequency range when single-cycle pulses with intensities up to 150 MW/cm2 are used. In the case of germanium, a small increase of the absorption occurs at intermediate THz pulse energies. The recovery of the free carrier absorption was monitored by time-resolved THz-pump/THz-probe measurements. At short probe delay times, the frequency response of germanium cannot be fitted by the Drude model. We attribute these unique phenomena of Ge to dynamical overpopulation of the high mobility gamma conduction band valley.
description: 4 figures
Earthquake Surface Slip-Length Data is Fit by Constant Stress Drop and is Useful for Seismic Hazard Analysis
Creators: name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a new method to use directly observable surface-slip measurements in seismic hazard estimates.We present measures of scaling-relation fits to slip length data. These fits show sublinear scaling, a slowing in the rate of slip increase for the longest ruptures, so that L scaling—scaling with the length of the rupture—does not hold out to very large aspect ratio events. We find the best fitting for a constant stress drop model, followed next by a square root of length model. The constant stress-drop model, newly introduced here, provides a geometrical explanation for a long-standing puzzle of why slip only begins to saturate at large aspect ratios. The good fit of the constant stress-drop model to the slip-length data lends further support to the observations of constant stress-drop scaling across the whole range of magnitudes of earthquakes, from small to great earthquakes. The good fit of the constant stress-drop model is also reflected by the low variability about the mean, with an average of less than a factor-of-2 variability in stress drop about the mean observed. Converting magnitude-area scaling into implied slip-length scaling, we determine qualitative consistency in the functional forms, but a quantitative difference of, on average, about 30 percent more slip estimated from magnitude area compared with slip length.
La novela indigenista de Circo Alegria.
Creators: name: Hammerly, Ethel Rosita
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Una parcial revaluación póstuma de la obra de Ciro Alegría revela que aunque sobresale por su cultivo tanto del cuento como de la novela, la forma en que el publico y la critica han acogido sus novelas indica que estas son su mayor contribución literaria. En el contenido de sus novelas el tema social constituye su preocupación central y se dirige a la reivindicación de la raza indígena. Hay realismo en su obra tanto por el método creador como por los materiales que emplea. Se observa, sin embargo, que en el tratamiento del indio y la vida comunitaria hay un desvío del realismo hacia el idealismo. Esto responde a su actitud hacia el indio, actitud que se revela al enfatizar los aspectos positivos del indio y su cultura y al asumir el punto de vista del indígena en la narración. Aparte de su pro-indigenismo se destaca el genuino interés del autor en la liberación integral del nombre, sin importar la raza o tipo de opresión que sufra, y de ahí que el humanismo sea una de las características fundamentales de su obra. Al considerar los aspectos formales de sus novelas se encuentra que en muchos casos es evidente la selección del autor en asuntos de técnica con el propósito de servir fines funcionales al tema y mensaje que trata de comunicar. De ese modo el autor fusiona y equilibra la forma con el contenido y produce una obra de valor estético y social. La obra de Alegría ocupa un lugar especial de gran mérito en la literatura que trata del indio y un lugar culminante dentro de la corriente indigenista. Su mensaje, sin embargo, trasciende todas las barreras geográficas y expresa artística-mente los sentimientos de todos los oprimidos en el mundo.
Generalized Rosenfeld scalings for tracer diffusivities in not-so-simple fluids: Mixtures and soft particles
Creators: name: Krekelberg, William P.
name: Pond, Mark J.
name: Goel, Gaurav
name: Shen, Vincent K.
name: Errington, Jeffrey R.
name: Truskett, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rosenfeld [Phys. Rev. A 15, 2545 (1977)] noticed that casting transport coefficients of simple monatomic, equilibrium fluids in specific dimensionless forms makes them approximately single-valued functions of excess entropy. This has predictive value because, while the transport coefficients of dense fluids are difficult to estimate from first principles, excess entropy can often be accurately predicted from liquid-state theory. Here, we use molecular simulations to investigate whether Rosenfeld's observation is a special case of a more general scaling law relating mobility of particles in mixtures to excess entropy. Specifically, we study tracer diffusivities, static structure, and thermodynamic properties of a variety of one- and two-component model fluid systems with either additive or non-additive interactions of the hard-sphere or Gaussian-core form. The results of the simulations demonstrate that the effects of mixture concentration and composition, particle-size asymmetry and additivity, and strength of the interparticle interactions in these fluids are consistent with an empirical scaling law relating the excess entropy to a new dimensionless (generalized Rosenfeld) form of tracer diffusivity, which we introduce here. The dimensionless form of the tracer diffusivity follows from knowledge of the intermolecular potential and the transport / thermodynamic behavior of fluids in the dilute limit. The generalized Rosenfeld scaling requires less information, and provides more accurate predictions, than either Enskog theory or scalings based on the pair-correlation contribution to the excess entropy. As we show, however, it also suffers from some limitations, especially for systems that exhibit significant decoupling of individual component tracer diffusivities.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures