cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Do Conservation Easements Reduce Land Prices? The Case of South Central Wisconsin
Creators: name: Anderson, Kathryn
name: Weinhold, Diana
name: Anderson, Kathryn
name: Weinhold, Diana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: While theory strongly suggests that restricting development rights should reduce land prices, empirical evidence of this effect has been notoriously hard to obtain. Indeed, largely based on this difficulty a Congressional committee has recently recommended that tax benefits for such restrictions be severely curtailed. We collect data on 131 land transactions in South Central Wisconsin, including 19 cases of developmentrestricted parcels. When we use the whole sample to estimate the impact of conservation easements we replicate the results of Nickerson and Lynch (2001), finding a negative but statistically insignificant effect. However we then show that when the sample is appropriately restricted to a more homogenous group of land parcels, our ability to detect an effect increases dramatically. In particular, for vacant agricultural land we find a statistically significant negative impact of conservation easements that ranges up to 50% of land values.
Demonstrating the power of quantum computers, certification of highly entangled measurements and scalable quantum nonlocality
Creators: name: Bäumer, Elisa
name: Gisin, Nicolas
name: Tavakoli, Armin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Increasingly sophisticated quantum computers motivate the exploration of their abilities in certifying genuine quantum phenomena. Here, we demonstrate the power of state-of-the-art IBM quantum computers in correlation experiments inspired by quantum networks. Our experiments feature up to 12 qubits and require the implementation of paradigmatic Bell-State Measurements for scalable entanglement-swapping. First, we demonstrate quantum correlations that defy classical models in up to nine-qubit systems while only assuming that the quantum computer operates on qubits. Harvesting these quantum advantages, we are able to certify 82 basis elements as entangled in a 512-outcome measurement. Then, we relax the qubit assumption and consider quantum nonlocality in a scenario with multiple independent entangled states arranged in a star configuration. We report quantum violations of source-independent Bell inequalities for up to ten qubits. Our results demonstrate the ability of quantum computers to outperform classical limitations and certify scalable entangled measurements.
description: 7 pages + appendix, 13 figures
Safa Insight- Book of Commerce and Management Research
Creators: name: Mr. SREEJITH P
name: Dr. P V NIDHIN
name: Mr. ABDUL SHUKOOR PK
name: Mr. NIYASALI KC
name: Mr. SUBASH T K
Publisher: name: A2Z EduLearningHub
Year: 2024

description: Safa Insight: Book of Commerce and Management ResearchBySafa College of Arts & Science[ Research and Publication Cell, Internal Quality Assurance CellDepartment of Management Studies, PG Department of Commerce]Published byDepartment of Research & PublicationsA2Z EduLearningHub LLP, Kochi, Kerala
Third order corrections to the semi-leptonic \boldmath{$b\to c$} and the muon decays
Creators: name: Fael, Matteo
name: Schönwald, Kay
name: Steinhauser, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute corrections of order $α_s^3$ to the decay $b \to c \ell \barν$ taking into account massive charm quarks. In the on-shell scheme large three-loop corrections are found. However, in the kinetic scheme the three-loop corrections are below 1\% and thus perturbation theory is well under control. We furthermore provide results for the order $α_s^3$ corrections to $b \to u \ell \barν$ and the third-order QED corrections to the muon decay which will be important input for reducing the uncertainty of the Fermi coupling constant $G_F$.
description: 7 pages, v2: matches published version
MEASURING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ECONOMIC CHANGE: THE CASE OF LAND DEGRADATION IN PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Coxhead, Ian A.
name: Shively, Gerald E.
name: Coxhead, Ian A.
name: Shively, Gerald E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: We evaluate the on-site land degradation effects of economic changes occurring both within agriculture and elsewhere in the Philippine economy, simulated with the APEX applied general equilibrium model. We derive changes in land degradation rates from changes in land use in rainfed annual crops, using Philippine data on upland erosion under a range of crops, rainfall patterns and slopes. In general equilibrium, land degradation rates are affected by endogenous price changes as well as by direct interventions in agriculture and agricultural processing sectors. We examine the effects of technical progress in corn, and of a capital subsidy to the rice and corn milling sector. Using the nutrient replacement cost method, we calculate the value of changes in land degradation rates and compare them with GDP, government expenditures, and other aggregates used by policy makers. (Note: One figure is missing from this paper.)
Soft black hole information paradox: Page curve from Maxwell soft hair of a black hole
Creators: name: Cheng, Peng
name: An, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Treating Maxwell soft hair as a transition function that relates U(1) gauge fields living in the asymptotic region and near-horizon region, the U(1) gauge parameter $ϕ$ naturally becomes a good label of those Maxwell soft hair degrees of freedom. This interpretation also builds the connection between Maxwell soft hair and U(1) edge modes living in the intermediate region, which admits a well-defined effective action description. We study the statistical properties by Euclidean path integral, which concludes that the soft hair density of state increases with black hole temperature. Hawking radiations increase black hole entropy by creating entanglements, while the measurements of soft modes project the black hole onto lower entropy states. The competition between phase spaces of Hawking radiations and soft hair measurements gives rise to one version of the Page curve consistent with the unitary evolution of the black hole.
description: Version published in PRD
Das VI. theologische Gespräche zwischen der Russischen Orthodoxen Kirche und der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland
Creators: name: Lilienfeld, Fairy Von
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 23 Nr. 2 (1974): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 23, Heft 2
The Economic Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in Wisconsin
Creators: name: Bishop, Richard C.
name: Bishop, Richard C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Wisconsin's 600,000 deer hunters will bear the brunt of the economic losses from chronic wasting disease (CWD) in the Wisconsin deer herd. Though studies have not been done to pinpoint these losses, under plausible assumptions, they could have amounted to between $58 million and $83 million in 2002. I would anticipate somewhat smaller losses in 2003, perhaps between $30 million and $53 million. CWD can also be expected to cause deer hunters to spend less on their sport than they have in the past. However, the impacts of reduced hunter spending on the Wisconsin economy should not be too large. Losses to the deer hunting economy will be counterbalanced as resident hunters who reduce expenditures spend their money elsewhere in the economy. Some spending by nonresident hunters will be lost, but deer hunting is a very small part of the tourist economy. Nevertheless, businesses that serve hunters are likely to feel the effects and this is especially true in rural areas as fewer urban deer hunters spend money on the services they provide. Additional costs are being borne by public agencies in Wisconsin as they try to cope with the disease. Little is known about impacts on deer and elk farms, on those who feed deer to facilitate viewing, and on feed businesses that cater to deer feeders.
Nuclear effects on open charm production in p+A reactions
Creators: name: Vitev, Ivan
name: Goldman, T.
name: Johnson, Mikkel
name: Qiu, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate and resum the nuclear enhanced power corrections from the final state partonic scattering in nuclear matter to open charm production and correlations. In p+A reactions, we find that single and double inclusive D mesons can be suppressed as much as the neutral pions from the dynamical high twist shadowing. Effects of initial state energy loss in p+A collisions are also investigated and may lead to significantly weaker transverse momentum dependence of the nuclear suppression.
description: Poster proceedings for Quark Matter 2005. As published in Heavy Ion Physics. 5 pages, 2 figures
Topological phases and bulk-edge correspondence of magnetized cold plasmas
Creators: name: Fu, Yichen
name: Qin, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasmas have been recently studied as topological materials. However, a comprehensive picture of topological phases and topological phase transitions in cold magnetized plasmas is still missing. Here we systematically map out all the topological phases and establish the bulk-edge correspondence in cold magnetized plasmas. We find that for the linear eigenmodes, there are 10 topological phases in the parameter space of density $n$, magnetic field $B$, and parallel wavenumber $k_{z}$, separated by the surfaces of Langmuir wave-L wave resonance, Langmuir wave-cyclotron wave resonance, and zero magnetic field. For fixed $B$ and $k_{z}$, only the phase transition at the Langmuir wave-cyclotron wave resonance corresponds to edge modes. A sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of this type of edge modes is given and verified by numerical solutions. We demonstrate that edge modes exist not only on a plasma-vacuum interface but also on more general plasma-plasma interfaces. This finding broadens the possible applications of these exotic excitations in space and laboratory plasmas.
The effect of biofilm on THM formation in chlorinated drinking water of a PVC pipe distribution system
Creators: name: Chan, Karen C. W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This research investigated the interaction between chlorine residual in drinking water and the interior surface of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) distribution system pipes. The major objectives were to establish evidence of a biofilm effect on THM production, and to examine the effectiveness of chlorine on inactivating biofilm bacteria associated with PVC surfaces. This project employed a modified SDS test, known as Material Specific Simulated Distribution System (MS-SDS) test (Brereton, 1998), to evaluate the chloroform formation in pipe-incubated water samples, collected at a treatment pilot plant in Vancouver, British Columbia. Although the ultrafiltration membrane system installed produced an excellent finished water quality in terms of turbidity and some reduction in THM formation, the process did not selectively remove chloroform precursors. However, statistical analysis on MS-SDS test results showed that whatever impact the treatment process might have on chloroform formation in the bulk water was "drowned out" by the pipe environment. Pipe environment becomes the dominant effect on chloroform production, with residence time being the main factor of interest. Under chlorine-limited conditions, pipe wall contribution increases THM levels in the bulk water phase during the short incubation period (5 hours), but has a negative overall effect on chloroform production during the long incubation period (4 days). Adsorption was identified as the surface mechanism responsible for the removal of THM precursors from the bulk water phase. Heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) carried out on biofilm scrapings from the pipe surfaces revealed that exposure to chlorine stress could lead to bacterial inactivation or biofilm regrowth. Under stress, biofilm bacteria can take advantage of some form of biological resistance that resulted in additional chloroform formation in the bulk water. Humic substances previously adsorbed onto biofilm surface are released following cell damage repair; these additional substances are n ow available to participate in THM formation in the bulk water phase. A pictorial model summarizes the major mechanisms interacting in a PVC pipe environment. Experiments on re-chlorination effect showed that the practice of re-chlorination created more favorable reaction conditions of slow-reacting THM formation. Although booster disinfection has the potential of becoming an effective prevention to biofilm regrowth, it may also be out-weighed easily by other in-situ factors, such as the organic (and inorganic) composition of the water and the dynamic state o f the biofilm.
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT AND WELFARE IN RURAL AFRICA: THE ROLE OF RESOURCE CONTROL IN HOUSEHOLDS
Creators: name: Smith, Lisa C.
name: Smith, Lisa C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Outline : I. Introduction II. Structural Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa III. Conceptual Framework: Welfare Provisioning in Households A. Model of Time and Income Allocation B. Gender-Differentiated Allocational Priorities, Access and Power C. Allocative Inefficiency IV. Structural Adjustment Policy Impacts on Household Welfare A. Expenditure Switching Policies B. Reductions in Government Expenditures on Social Services V. Conclusions
Constrained Molecular Dynamics II: a N-body approach to nuclear systems
Creators: name: Papa, M.
name: Giuliani, G.
name: Bonasera, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we illustrate the basic development of the constrained molecular dynamics applied to the N-body problem in nuclear physics. The heavy computational taskes related to quantum effects, to the presence of the "hard core" repulsive interaction have been worked out by defining a set of transformations based on the concept of impulsive forces. In particular in the implemented version II of the Constrained Molecular Dynamics model the problem related to the non conservation of the total angular momentum has been solved. This problem can affect others semiclassical microscopic approaches as due to the "hard core" repulsive interaction or to the use of stochastic forces. The effect of the restored conservation law on the fusion cross section for 40Ca+40Ca system is also briefly discussed.
description: Tex version 3.1459 (Web2C 7.3.1);main text+fig.cap in .tex 13 page; +4 figures .ps;the order and the numerical label of the figure files reflect the figure numbers in the main tex and captions, Submited to Journal of computational physics
Research and Development at U.S. Research Universities: An Analysis of Scope Economies
Creators: name: Kim, Kwansoo
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Foltz, Jeremy D.
name: Kim, Kwansoo
name: Barham, Bradford L.
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Foltz, Jeremy D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This work investigates the presence and sources of economies of scope in R&D at U.S. research universities. The analysis evaluates the tradeoffs and synergies arising between traditional university research outputs (articles and doctorates) and academic patents. We propose a new measure of economies of scope based on a primal representation of the underlying technology. We derive a decomposition of economies of scope which identifies its sources (e.g., complementarity effects and scale effects). Non-parametric estimates of scope economies using R&D input and output data from 92 research universities show significant economies of scope between articles and patents, but modest complementarities.
Technical Validation Code
Creators: name: Vuurst, Paige Van De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60302 Biogeography and Phylogeography
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file contains code for usage and cleaning of the Desmodus rotundus record database. This code was also used for the Technical Validation process of the final D. rotunudus dataset.
The Principal Element of a Frobenius Lie Algebra
Creators: name: Gerstenhaber, Murray
name: Giaquinto, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B05; 16S80

description: We introduce the notion of the \textit{principal element} of a Frobenius Lie algebra $\f$. The principal element corresponds to a choice of $F\in \f^*$ such that $F[-,-]$ non-degenerate. In many natural instances, the principal element is shown to be semisimple, and when associated to $\sl_n$, its eigenvalues are integers and are independent of $F$. For certain ``small'' functionals $F$, a simple construction is given which readily yields the principal element. When applied to the first maximal parabolic subalgebra of $\sl_n$, the principal element coincides with semisimple element of the principal three-dimensional subalgebra. We also show that Frobenius algebras are stable under deformation.
description: 10 pages
Beloitoceras sinuoseptatum
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Oncoceratida
Oncoceratidae
Beloitoceras
Beloitoceras sinuoseptatum

description: Beloitoceras cf. sinuoseptatum (Roemer, 1861)
Figs 16G, 32C, 33
Material examined
ESTONIA • 2 specs; Vormsi Island, Hosholm shore; Adila Formation, Pirgu Regional Stage; GIT 878- 231, GIT 426-2.
Description
The nearly complete specimen GIT 878-231 (Fig. 32C) is relatively strongly curved during early growth stages (corresponding to conch heights <ca 40 mm) and reaches a maximum conch height of 53 mm at the base of the mature body chamber. There, the conch width is ca 37 mm (CHI = 1.43), and the conch cross section is oval in shape with narrow dorsal and ventral margins. The body chamber is 35 mm long and at the aperture 48 mm high. In lateral view, the dorsal and ventral margin of the body chamber is slightly convex. The peristome appears to be straight and simple. The phragmocone height increases from 40 mm to 53 mm at a length of 55 mm (angle of expansion = 13°). Between conch heights of 21–40 mm the conch expands at an angle of 19°. The sutures form shallow lateral lobes.
In specimen GIT 426-2, which is a short fragment of a phragmocone with five chambers, the details of the siphuncle are well-preserved (Fig. 16G). The siphuncular segments are trapezoidal, with adnate areas at the adapical surfaces of the septa. The septal necks are cyrtochoanitic.
Remarks
The two specimens are slightly more curved and larger than the fragments assigned to B. sinuoseptatum but otherwise indistinguishable from the types and the material herein assigned to B. sinuoseptatum sensu stricto, in which a maximum conch height of ca 44 mm occurs (see above).
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on pages 82-83, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376
Methanol Masers and Star Formation
Creators: name: Sobolev, A. M.
name: Ostrovskii, A. B.
name: Kirsanova, M. S.
name: Shelemei, O. V.
name: Voronkov, M. A.
name: Malyshev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Methanol masers which are traditionally divided into two classes provide possibility to study important parts of the star forming regions: Class~II masers trace vicinities of the massive YSOs while class~I masers are likely to trace more distant parts of the outflows where newer stars can form. There are many methanol transitions which produce observed masers. This allows to use pumping analysis for estimation of the physical parameters in the maser formation regions and its environment, for the study of their evolution. Extensive surveys in different masing transitions allow to conclude on the values of the temperatures, densities, dust properties, etc. in the bulk of masing regions. Variability of the brightest masers is monitored during several years. In some cases it is probably caused by the changes of the dust temperature which follow variations in the brightness of the central YSO reflecting the character of the accretion process. A unified catalogue of the class II methanol masers consisting of more than 500 objects is compiled. Analysis of the data shows that: physical conditions within the usual maser source vary considerably; maser brightness is determined by parameters of some distinguished part of the object - maser formation region; class II methanol masers are formed not within the outflows but in the regions affected by their propagation. It is shown that the "near" solutions for the kinematic distances to the sources can be used for statistical analysis. The luminosity function of the 6.7 GHz methanol masers is constructed. It is shown that improvement of the sensitivity of surveys can increase number of detected maser sources considerably.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, published in the proceedings of the IAUS 227
EOSC-hub D2.2 Final EOSC-hub Strategy plan
Creators: name: Kupila-Rantala, Tiina
name: Appleton, Owen
name: Ferrari, Tiziana
name: Goodson, Hilary
name: Lecarpentier, Damien
name: Robertson, Dale
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This document constitutes the Final EOSC-hub strategy plan valid until the end of 2020. It explores the expectations of various stakeholders for EOSC and the assets that the EOSC-hub project can lend to EOSC in order to respond to these expectations. The document also discusses contributions of the EOSC-hub to the EOSC Governance Working Groups and recommends 15 strategic actions by which the EOSC-hub can facilitate the generation of a sustainable EOSC beyond 2020.
Ultrafast-nonlinear ultraviolet pulse modulation in an AlInGaN polariton waveguide operating up to room temperature
Creators: name: Di Paola, Davide Maria
name: Walker, Paul M.
name: Emmanuele, Ruggero P. A.
name: Yulin, Alexey V.
name: Ciers, Joachim
name: Zaidi, Zaffar
name: Carlin, Jean-François
name: Grandjean, Nicolas
name: Shelykh, Ivan
name: Skolnick, Maurice S.
name: Butté, R.
name: Krizhanovskii, Dmitry N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast nonlinear photonics enables a host of applications in advanced on-chip spectroscopy and information processing. These rely on a strong intensity dependent (nonlinear) refractive index capable of modulating optical pulses on sub-picosecond timescales and on length scales suitable for integrated photonics. Currently there is no platform that can provide this for the UV spectral range where broadband spectra generated by nonlinear modulation can pave the way to new on-chip ultrafast (bio-) chemical spectroscopy devices. We demonstrate the giant nonlinearity of UV hybrid light-matter states (exciton-polaritons) up to room temperature in an AlInGaN waveguide. We experimentally measure ultrafast nonlinear spectral broadening of UV pulses in a compact 100 $μ$m long device and deduce a nonlinearity 1000 times that in common UV nonlinear materials and comparable to non-UV polariton devices. Our demonstration promises to underpin a new generation of integrated UV nonlinear light sources for advanced spectroscopy and measurement.
The Fundamental Plane of Quasars
Creators: name: Hamilton, Timothy S.
name: Casertano, Stefano
name: Turnshek, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from an archival study of 70 medium-redshift QSOs observed with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope. The QSOs have magnitudes M_V < -23 (total nuclear plus host light) and redshifts 0.06 < z < 0.46. A close relationship between QSO host and nucleus is found by examining multiple parameters at once. A principal components analysis shows that 3 nuclear and host properties are related in a kind of fundamental plane: nuclear luminosity and the size and effective surface magnitude of the bulge. Using optical nuclear luminosity, this relationship explains 95.9% of the variance in the overall sample, while 94.9% of the variance is accounted for if we use x-ray nuclear luminosity. The form of this QSO fundamental plane shows similarities to the well-studied fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies, and we examine the possible relationship between them as well as the difficulties involved in establishing this connection. The key to the relationship might lie in the fueling mechanism of the central black hole.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, TeX uses elsart.cls, from workshop "QSO Host Galaxies: Evolution and Environment" (Univ. Leiden, Aug. 22-26, 2005)
Antwortbriefe des Exekutivausschusses des Ökumenischen Rates der Kirchen auf die Schreiben des Ökumenischen Patriarchats und des Patriarchen Pimen von Moskau und Ganz-Rußland
Creators: name: Thomas, Madathilparampil Mamen
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 23 Nr. 2 (1974): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 23, Heft 2
The QuarkNet/Grid Collaborative Learning e-Lab
Creators: name: Bardeen, M.
name: Gilbert, E.
name: Jordan, T.
name: Neywoda, P.
name: Quigg, E.
name: Wilde, M.
name: Zhao, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a case study that uses grid computing techniques to support the collaborative learning of high school students investigating cosmic rays. Students gather and upload science data to our e-Lab portal. They explore those data using techniques from the GriPhyN collaboration. These techniques include virtual data transformations, workflows, metadata cataloging and indexing, data product provenance and persistence, as well as job planners. Students use web browsers and a custom interface that extends the GriPhyN Chiron portal to perform all of these tasks. They share results in the form of online posters and ask each other questions in this asynchronous environment. Students can discover and extend the research of other students, modeling the processes of modern large-scale scientific collaborations. Also, the e-Lab portal provides tools for teachers to guide student work throughout an investigation. http://quarknet.uchicago.edu/elab/cosmic
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 1 table presented at The 2nd International Workshop on Collaborative and Learning Applications of Grid Technology and Grid Education
The Visualization and Measurements of Mass Functions with LEGO
Creators: name: Hansotia, Kyle K.
name: Kautsch, Stefan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We intend to promote the concept of mass functions for interdisciplinary science education and communication. A mass function characterizes the frequency distribution of the masses of objects in the universe. We present an experiment to demonstrate this concept to a diverse audience of science students, using popular LEGO toys. We discovered that the LEGO mass function is surprisingly similar compared to mass functions of astronomical objects such as stars and galaxies.
description: Four pages, one figure. Published by the Research Notes of the AAS; improved infographic, findings unchanged
FOOD PROCESSORS' LOBBYING ACTIVITY AND FARM POLICY
Creators: name: Ndayisenga, Fidele
name: Kinsey, Jean D.
name: Ndayisenga, Fidele
name: Kinsey, Jean D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This study tests the hypothesis that lobbying by food firms does not contravene United States farm policy, particularly commodity programs. The research is important in the analysis and understanding of the difficulties of designing and reforming agricultural policies. If farm programs significantly benefit downstream food firms, there is effectively no countervailing power to the farm lobby because (1) farm input supply and marketing firms have been shown to benefit from existing farm policies - and have therefore no incentive to lobby against the policies - and (2) consumers and taxpayers, two important stakeholders in agricultural policies, are known to be quite inefficient in lobbying due to their "large-group" characteristics. Information on food firms' total lobbying expenditure is combined with the behavioral assumption of profit maximization to generate an econometric model of lobbying expenditure allocation by food firms. The model is used to carry out the test. The results indicate that food firms do not lobby to influence agricultural commodity markets. The ultimate implication is that the food processing sector of the agribusiness sector has no serious incentive to act as a countervailing power to the farm lobby in the forming or reforming of agricultural policy. Thus, attempts to reform agricultural policies will be resisted by a coalition of agribusiness and the farm sector. A limitation of the study is that the hypothesis test does not separate agricultural commodities from other inputs to food firms. However, because agricultural commodities constitute almost half of the food firms' overall input costs, the test provides evidence about lobbying for agricultural policies.
Mass Gap in Infinite Derivative Non-local Higgs: Dyson-Schwinger Approach
Creators: name: Frasca, Marco
name: Ghoshal, Anish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the non-perturbative degrees of freedom in the class of non-local Higgs theories that have been proposed as an ultraviolet completion 4-D Quantum Field Theory (QFT) generalizing the kinetic energy operators to an infinite series of higher derivatives inspired by string field theory. At the perturbative level, the degrees of freedom of non-local Higgs are the same of the local theory. We prove that, at the non-perturbative level, the physical spectrum of the Higgs mass is actually corrected from the "infinite number of derivatives" present in the action. The technique we use permits to derive the set of Dyson-Schwinger equations in differential form. This proves essentially useful when exact solutions to the local equations are known. We show that all the formalism of the local theory involving the Dyson-Schwinger approach extends quite naturally to the non-local case. Using these methods, the spectrum of non-local theories become accessible and predictable in the non-perturbative regimes. We calculate the N-point correlation functions and predict the mass-gap in the spectrum arising purely from the self-interaction and the non-local scale M. The mass gap generated gets damped in the UV and it reaches conformal limit. We discuss some implications of our result in particle physics and cosmology.
description: Some minor texts revised. Version matches the one accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity journal
Dynamics of liquid silica as explained by properties of the potential energy landscape
Creators: name: Saksaengwijit, A.
name: Heuer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of silica displays an Arrhenius temperature dependence, classifying silica as a strong glass-former. Using recently developed concepts to analyse the potential energy landscape one can get a fundamental understanding of the long-range transport of silica. It can be expressed in terms of properties of the thermodynamics as well as local relaxation processes, thereby extending the phenomenological standard picture of a strong glass-former. The local relaxation processes are characterized by complex correlated sequences of bond breaking and reformation processes.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, updated version
MILK MARKETING ORDER REGULATIONS
Creators: name: Buxton, Boyd M.
name: Buxton, Boyd M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper is divided into three parts. The first part reviews the major regulatory procedures and goals of the federal milk marketing order program. It further develops the economic rationale on how the regulations achieve those goals and reviews the major benefits usually ascribed to milk orders. The second part of the paper contains a discussion of the major economic impacts of milk orders while the third part contains some conclusions and policy implications.
Limiting absorption principle and equivalence of Feynman propagators on asymptotically Minkowski spacetimes
Creators: name: Taira, Kouichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J50, 35P25, 47B25

description: In this paper, we shall show that the limiting absorption principle for the wave operator on the asymptotically Minkowski spacetime. This problem was previously considered by [A. Vasy, J. Spect. Theory, 10,439-461 , (2020)]. Here, we employ a more transparent tool, the Mourre theory and removes an additional condition which is imposed in his paper. Moreover, we also prove that the anti-Feynman propagator defined by Gérard and Wrochna coincides with the outgoing resolvent.
description: Proof of Lemma 3.5 is corrected
UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL TRADE, TRANSPORTATION AND COMPETITION--POST NAFTA; PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM SPONSORED BY NC-179, "AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS," HELD IN MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, OCTOBER 6-7, 1995
Creators: name: Fruin, Jerry E.
name: Mussell, Al
name: Fruin, Jerry E.
name: Mussell, Al
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: International trade in grains and oilseeds is an issue of major importance both to the economies of the U.S. and Canada. An important determinant in international trade flows and competitiveness is the grain transportation system and related infrastructure. The international grain trade and the related transportation systems are changing rapidly. These changes derive from changes in the economic situations of trading partners, alterations to agricultural, trade, and transportation policy, and shifts in the structure of markets for grain and grain transportation. Understanding international competitiveness and future developments in agricultural trade requires an assimilation of these interrelated topics. This topic has been a research area of the Regional Research Committee on Agricultural and Rural Transportation Systems, NCR-179, since its inception in 1993. NCR-179 has as its objectives the review and identification of research and data priorities in agricultural transportation, and the exchange of research and information in these areas. This proceedings reports the results of a symposium convened by NCR-179 on October 6 and 7th, 1995 in Minneapolis, Minnesota to address issues of agricultural transportation and trade. The papers examine a variety of issues impacting the demand for transportation services for the movement of farm commodities in the U.S. and Canada, both domestically and internationally. Table of Contents: Changes in Grain Handling and Transportation: a Canadian Perspective, by Art G. Wilson; Some Thoughts on U.S. Rail and Barge Transport, 1995-96, by Allan A. Housh; Ocean Freight, by Tom Medd; Canadian Rail Subsidies and Continental Barley Flows: A Spatial Analysis, by D. Demcey Johnson and William W. Wilson; Maritime Shipping Issues and U.S. Agricultural Exports, by James R. Jones; Impacts of Increases in Food Demand in China on the World Agricultural Shipping Industry, by Won W. Koo.
Neutrino asymmetry around black holes: Neutrinos interact with gravity
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propagation of a fermion in curved space-time generates a gravitational interaction due to coupling of its spin with the space-time curvature connection. This gravitational interaction, which is an axial-four-vector multiplied by a four gravitational vector potential, appears as a CPT violating term in the Lagrangian which generates an opposite sign and thus asymmetry between the left-handed and the right handed partners under the CPT transformation. In the case of neutrinos, this property can generate a neutrino asymmetry in the Universe. If the background metric is of the rotating black hole, i.e. the Kerr geometry, this interaction for the neutrino is non-zero. Therefore, the dispersion energy relations for the neutrino and its anti-neutrino are different which give rise to the difference in their number densities and the neutrino asymmetry in the Universe in addition to the known relic asymmetry.
description: 10 pages. To appear in Modern Physics Letters A
Similarity and Probability Distribution Functions in Many-body Stochastic Processes with Multiplicative Interactions
Creators: name: Fujihara, Akihiro
name: Ohtsuki, Toshiya
name: Yamamoto, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytical and numerical studies on many-body stochastic processes with multiplicative interactions are reviewed. The method of moment relations is used to investigate effects of asymmetry and randomness in interactions. Probability distribution functions of the processes generally have similarity solutions with power-law tails. Growth rates of the system and power-law exponents of the tails are determined via transcendental equations. Good agreement is achieved between analytical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, CN-Kyoto proceedings
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS IN U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY DECISIONS
Creators: name: Easter, K. William
name: Archibald, Sandra O.
name: Easter, K. William
name: Archibald, Sandra O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: As the number and cost of environmental regulations have increased over the last thirty years, the regulated community, taxpayers, and policy makers have begun to demand that the benefits of regulations justify their costs. The use of benefit-cost analysis as an integral part of developing new regulations is increasing and the demands and expectations being placed on the method have expanded. Although benefit-cost analysis is expected to play an even greater role in environmental decision making in the years ahead, questions remain concerning whether benefit-cost analysis can meet these expectations. This paper explores the role of benefit-cost analysis in US public investment and environmental decision making and examines how benefit-cost methods are responding to new analytic demands. It reviews the US experience with benefit-cost analysis at the Federal and State levels of government and discusses several applications to environmental regulations, illustrating how such analysis can contribute to decision-making as well as pointing out some of the method's pitfalls. The paper also discusses how several important (and sometimes controversial) methodological issues-including intergenerational equity, the distribution of benefits and costs, uncertainty and risk, and the measurement of the value of non-market goods and services-might be addressed practically as benefit-cost analysis is further extended into environmental policy and regulation. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations for the future use of benefit-cost analysis in environmental decision making.
AN APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO ALFALFA BIO-MASS ENERGY AND MARKETING COOPS
Creators: name: Fruin, Jerry E.
name: Fruin, Jerry E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Agribusiness
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Minnesota Valley Alfalfa Producers Cooperative (MNVAP), a farmer-owned cooperative based in west central Minnesota, has contracted to provide 75 megawatts of electric power produced from alfalfa stem biomass. The cooperative is considering a novel enterprise--the production of both electrical power and alfalfa leaf meal products from alfalfa hay. Seven hundred thousand tons of alfalfa hay from 200,000 acres grown by more than 1,000 farmers over twelve counties will need to be transported and separated into leaves and stems before power generation can occur. The alfalfa leaves would be used in various animal feeds ranging from 17% to 30% crude protein. Electrical power generated from this project will be more environmentally friendly than coal-based power due to lower sulfur emissions, sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere by subsequent alfalfa crops, and the production of ash that can probably be land applied as fertilizer rather than landfilled. The cutting characteristics and hay quality will result in two or more "lots" at each location. The utilization of each "lot" will depend upon its characteristics and will guide its movement to one of several separator locations. A Geographic Information System (GIS) locational database will be used to develop and implement the concept of a "virtual warehouse" in the biomass shed. There will be a road network overlay containing speeds, weight and bridge limits and other constraints for routing management. Each lot record with its location will contain quality data such as the following: alfalfa type (biomass or conventional), cutting number, quantity produced and yield, bale type, crude protein content, leaf content, hay relative feed value, leaf relative feed value, incidence and amount of rain after cutting, color characteristics, and type of storage. At full operation there will be 4 to 6 processing plants strategically located throughout the biomass shed. These plants will separate the alfalfa leaves from stems, produce value-added alfalfa leaf products and process and tranship the stems to the power plant. The virtual warehouse concept coupled with product blending plant scheduling and transportation models will allow the assignment of each lot to the appropriate processing plant and finished product to maximize the finished product value while controlling transportation, handling and related costs and reducing energy use in transportation and processing. An example of the use of the GIS database to measure and evaluate truck traffic impacts on the road network near alternative power plant sites is provided.
On the Nochka-Chen-Ru-Wong Proof of Cartan's Conjecture
Creators: name: Vojta, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J13 (Primary); 11J97, 32H30 (Secondary)

description: In 1982-83, E. Nochka proved a conjecture of Cartan on defects of holomorphic curves in $\Bbb P^n$ relative to a possibly degenerate set of hyperplanes. This was further explained by W. Chen in his 1987 thesis, and subseqently simplified by M. Ru and P.-M. Wong in 1991. The proof involved assigning weights to the hyperplanes. This paper provides a mild simplification of the proof of the construction of the weights, by construing the ``Nochka diagram'' of Ru and Wong as a convex hull.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. Reorganized to reflect the submitted version; added a reference to a paper of Nochka
Photon-instanton collider implemented by a superconducting circuit
Creators: name: Burshtein, Amir
name: Kuzmin, Roman
name: Manucharyan, Vladimir E.
name: Goldstein, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Instantons, spacetime-localized quantum field tunneling events, are ubiquitous in correlated condensed matter and high energy systems. However, their direct observation through collisions with conventional particles has not been considered possible. We show how recent advances in circuit quantum electrodynamics, specifically, the realization of galvanic coupling of a transmon qubit to a high-impedance transmission line, allows the observation of inelastic collisions of single microwave photons with instantons (phase slips). We develop a formalism for calculating the photon-instanton cross section, which should be useful in other quantum field theoretical contexts. In particular, we show that the inelastic scattering probability can significantly exceed the effect of conventional Josephson quartic anharmonicity, and reach order-unity values.
description: See also the accompanying experimental paper, arXiv:2010.02099. v2: Extensive supplemental added. v3: Published version
title: Johanna Goldschmidt. „Unsere Kinder sind nicht für uns da, sondern wir für sie.“ Neue Erziehungsideale im Geist von 1848
Creators: name: Grolle, Ingeborg
Publisher: name: Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Erziehung und Bildung
subject: Familie und Alltag
subject: Soziale Fragen und Wohlfahrtswesen

description: Im Sommer 1849 erschien bei Hoffmann & Campe ein Buch mit dem Titel „Muttersorgen und Mutterfreuden. Worte der Liebe und des Ernstes über Kindheitspflege. Von einer Mutter. Mit einer Vorrede vom Seminardirector Diesterweg.“ Die Verfasserin war Johanna Goldschmidt aus Hamburg, die in den elf Kapiteln und insgesamt 220 Seiten ihre Überlegungen zur Kindererziehung darlegte. Beeinflusst waren ihre Ideen durch ihre persönlichen Erfahrungen als Mutter sowie durch die Bewegung der Reformpädagogik. Der bekannte Pädagoge Adolph Diesterweg würdigte in seiner „Vorrede“ den schlichten und klaren Stil des Manuskripts; ein „ehrenvolle[r] Platz“ solle der Schrift zuteilwerden (Vorrede, S. XI). Er trat fortan in einen Briefwechsel mit Johanna Goldschmidt. In dem wechselseitigen Austausch vertieften die beiden die Diskussion um Ideen zur Kleinkindbildung. Sie sind wiedergegeben in K. Müller, Kulturreaktion in Preussen im 19. Jahrhundert. Mit einem Anhang Briefe Fröbels und Diesterwegs, Berlin 1929, S. 110-168. Originale dieser Briefe befinden sich in der Handschriftenabteilung der Hamburger Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek. Leider sind die Antwortbriefe von Johanna Goldschmidt nicht erhalten. Neu war, dass Johanna Goldschmidt den Säugling in den Blick nahm und damit die Frühphase des Kleinkindes, die bislang in den pädagogischen Überlegungen vernachlässigt worden war.