cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Threshold photoemission magnetic circular dichroism of perpendicularly magnetized Ni films on Cu(001): Theory and experiment
Creators: name: Kronseder, Matthias
name: Minár, J.
name: Braun, J.
name: Günther, S.
name: Woltersdorf, Georg
name: Ebert, H.
name: Back, Christian H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Threshold photoemission magnetic circular dichroism of perpendicularly magnetized Ni films on Cu(001) was measured in total electron yield and used to observe the magnetic domain structure in a photoemission electron microscope. Spin-polarized relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green’s function calculations including a dynamical mean-field theory approach within the one-step-photoemission model reproduce the measured asymmetry in the photocurrents for left and right circularly polarized light. In addition, a three-step photoemission model calculation based on the same ab initio calculation is used to quantitatively explain the MCD effect near the photoemission threshold.
title: Structure and properties of (Ba,Sr)(Co,Fe,Mo)O3 perovskite oxides
Creators: name: Tsiamtsouri, Maria
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: The work presented in this thesis focuses on the effect on structure and properties of the cubic perovskite system, Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF), when Mo6+ partially substitutes the B-site elements (Co, Fe). BSCF is a candidate cathode material for intermediate temperature (500-750oC) solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs), showing promising electrochemical activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Doping of the parent material BSCF with Mo6+ targeted the retention of the cathodic performance whilst improving the reported structural thermal instability and incompatibility issues with commonly used electrolytes. A range of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8-xFe0.2-yMox+yO3-δ (BSCFM) compositions were synthesised, with variation to the Mo content and the Co/Fe ratio. Characterization was carried out by a combination of diffraction and microscopy techniques. It was found that the introduction of Mo6+ into the BSCF perovskite system favored the formation of perovskite structures with double the lattice parameters of the parent BSCF compound; these are referred as double perovskite (DP) phases to distinguish them from the single perovskite (SP) counterparts. The doubling of the unit cell was attributed to B-site ordering between Mo6+ and Co2+ due to the considerable difference in cation size and charge. The SP and DP phases coexisted in all the BSCFM compositions studied, with increasing DP volume as the Mo6+ content was increased. The structural and electrochemical characterisation was focused on the composition Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.5Fe0.125Mo0.375O3-δ, (abbreviated as BSCFMo0.375-(Co/Fe=4) which demonstrated favourable stability and compatibility properties with state the of the art electrolyte SDC (Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ), which was used in this study. It also displayed the best electrochemical performance among the BSCFM compositions studied by AC impedance measurements in air; an area specific resistance (ASR) of 0.13 Ω.cm2 was obtained at 650oC. As observed from AC impedance measurements under variable oxygen partial pressure (pO2) environments for this composition, the activity of the ORR was found to be limited primarily by oxygen chemical exchange. The full structural analysis of the biphasic BSCFMo0.375-(Co/Fe=4) was a great challenge and was performed by combined refinement using Neutron and X-ray data and double-checked by a range of methods including microscopy techniques, Mössbauer spectroscopy, iodometric titrations and thermogravimetric analysis. The optimal performance of BSCFMo0.375-(Co/Fe=4) among the BSCFM compositions studied was attributed to the synergistic effect of the major DP (70% by weight) phase, which was found to be an oxygen-stoichiometric Co2+,Mo6+-rich, Fe3+-poor compound, with the minor SP (30% by weight) Co3+,Fe3+-rich, Mo6+-poor component with significant oxygen vacancy concentration.
Shadow poles in a coupled-channel problem calculated with Berggren basis
Creators: name: Betan, R. M. Id
name: Kruppa, A. T.
name: Vertse, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In coupled-channel models the poles of the scattering S-matrix are located on different Riemann sheets. Physical observables are affected mainly by poles closest to the physical region but sometimes shadow poles have considerable effect, too. The purpose of this paper is to show that in coupled-channel problem all poles of the S-matrix can be calculated with properly constructed complex-energy basis. The Berggren basis is used for expanding the coupled-channel solutions. The location of the poles of the S-matrix were calculated and compared with an exactly solvable coupled-channel problem: the one with the Cox potential. We show that with appropriately chosen Berggren basis poles of the S-matrix including the shadow ones can be determined.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 59 references
Additional file 1: of Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib and integrin antagonist peptide HM-3 show similar lipid raft dependent biphasic regulation of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis
Creators: name: Jialiang Hu
name: Wenjing Wang
name: Liu, Chen
name: Mengwei Li
name: Nice, Edouard
name: Hanmei Xu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S1. Effect of effective dose or high dose HM-3 on the growth of subcutaneous A549 cells in nude mice. Figure S2. Effect of effective dose or high dose HM-3 on the growth of subcutaneous A549 cells in nude mice. Figure S3. Effect of effective dose or high dose HM-3 and Sunitinib on the growth of subcutaneous HT29 cells in nude mice. Figure S4. A serum HM-3 concentration versus time curve after a single intravenous injection of 2.1 mg/kg HM-3 in rats. Figure S5. Tissue distribution of HM-3 after a single intravenous injection of 2.1 mg/kg HM-3 in rats. Figure S6. Sequence and domains of peptide HM-3 and P2. Figure S7. Levels of peptide P2 in mouse serum after a single intravenous injection of 30 mg/kg P2 and residue inhibitory activity of P2 in MMP-2 activity. Figure S8. Western blot detection of the expression of integrin αv, α5, β3, β1 subunit and VEGFR2 on HUVEC, A549, MCF-7, Hela, BEL-7402, MGC-803, HT-29, MDA-MB-435 and U87 cells. Figure S9. Flow cytometry analysis to detect the binding of FITC-HM-3 on HUVEC. Table S1. Drug treatment strategy for A549 transplant model in nude mice in which drug treatment started when tumor grew to 70 mm3. Table S2. Drug treatment strategy for A549 transplant model in nude mice in which drug treatment started when tumor grew to 130 mm3. Table S3. Drug treatment strategy for A549 transplant model in nude mice in which drug treatment started when tumor grew to 300 mm3. Table S4. Drug treatment strategy for HT29 transplant model in nude mice in which drug treatment started when tumor grew to 75 mm3. Table S5. Anti-angiogenic drugs with a special dose-effect relationship. Table S6. Growth inhibition rates based on tumor weight on day 21 of the four animal experiments as presented in Table S1-S4 and Figure S1-S3. Table S7. Serum concentrations of HM-3 in rats after a single intravenous injection of 2.1 mg/kg HM-3. Table S8. Pharmacokinetic parameters in rats after a single intravenous injection of 2.1 mg/kg HM-3. Table S9. Tissue distribution of HM-3 in rats after a single intravenous injection of 2.1 mg/kg HM-3. Table S10. Binding rates of FITC-HM-3 on various types of cells. (DOCX 487 kb)
Resonant photo-ionization of Yb+ to Yb2+
Creators: name: Heugel, Simon
name: Fischer, Martin
name: Elman, Vladimir
name: Maiwald, Robert
name: Sondermann, Markus
name: Leuchs, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the controlled creation of a $\mathrm{^{174}Yb^{2+}}$ ion by photo-ionizing $\mathrm{^{174}Yb^+}$ with weak continuous-wave lasers at ultraviolet wavelengths. The photo-ionization is performed by resonantly exciting transitions of the $\mathrm{^{174}Yb^+}$ ion in three steps. Starting from an ion crystal of two laser-cooled $\mathrm{^{174}Yb^+}$ ions localized in a radio-frequency trap, the verification of the ionization process is performed by characterizing the properties of the resulting mixed-species ion-crystal. The obtained results facilitate fundamental studies of physics involving $\mathrm{Yb^{2+}}$ ions.
description: revised version, appearing in Journal of Physics B
title: An Approach to Identifying the Biomechanical Differences Between Intercostal Cartilage in Subjects with Pectus Excavatum and Normals in Vivo: Reconstruction and CT Registration
Creators: name: Yan, Zhenzhen
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2008

description: Pectus excavatum (PE) is a congenital chest wall deformity affecting the ribs and sternum and exhibiting a concave appearance in the anterior chest wall. In this thesis, we describe a study to investigate in vivodifferences in the pectus excavatum rib cage and outline steps using normals and pectus patients data in developing models and methods to be used in carrying out the study. We propose methods to develop reconstructed models in order to enable proper registration between data collection points (DCPs) on the 3D CT rib cage model and CT skin surface model and registration between CT surrogate models and 3D laser surface scan model with actual DCPs. A Polhemus Fastscan 3D laser scanner is used to produce a non-invasive way of quantifying the surface of the subject's chest, which can then be compared with the 3D reconstructed CT model to estimate the errors with these procedures. The results show that the minimum average error of the simulated DCPs after translation for the pectus patients (<2 >mm) is much less than that of the Visible Human male and >60% actual DCPs are distributed on the intercostal cartilages.
Lipschitz-free spaces over ultrametric spaces
Creators: name: Cuth, Marek
name: Doucha, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B03, 46B15, 54E35

description: We prove that the Lipschitz-free space over a separable ultrametric space has a monotone Schauder basis and is isomorphic to $\ell_1$. This extends results of A. Dalet using an alternative approach.
description: The only change in the latest version is the second author's grant information. Question 1 from the previous version has been answered - see Remark 15 for the solution. Preprint was accepted in Mediterr. J. Math
title: Immobilisation of polyazamacrocycles into porous materials
Creators: name: Richards, Emma
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2013

description: The synthesis and characterisation of functionalised polyazamacrocycles and their subsequent immobilisation into porous materials were investigated and reported in this thesis. The incorporation of polyazamacrocycles into porous materials offers the potential to enhance their biomimetic and environmental properties with tuneable microenvironments around the macrocycles. Nine polyazamacrocycles have been synthesised that are functionalised with vinyl, pyridyl, carboxylate and iodide pendant arms in order to immobilise them into porous materials. Of these macrocycles nine metal complexes were successfully synthesised and their crystal structures are discussed. The most interesting of these metal complexes are complex 2, a cyclam based metal complex and complex 7, a [12]aneN3 based metal complex which both have coordinated water molecules and therefore are activated for hydrolase activity. Polyazamacrocycles have successfully been immobilised into organic cross-linked polymers using polar and non-polar cross-linkers and a systematic investigation has taken place in order to determine the effects of the nature and amount of porogen and the concentration of macrocycle within the polymer on the porous properties of the polymer. These effects include BET surface area, shape and size distributions of pores, and CO2 uptake capacities. The effect of incorporation of metal complexes and metal ions is also discussed. It was found that with non-polar based polymers, BET surface areas were find to be higher when non-polar porogens were employed and decrease with increasing polarity of the porogen. However, the nature of the macrocycle also plays an important role in the porosity of the resulting polymers. Zinc and copper metal organic frameworks containing cyclam based macrocycles with pyridyl pendent arms have been synthesised with 2D layered structures. The crystal structures reveal that triflate and hexafluorophosphate counterions play an important role in stabilisation of the framework but with the disadvantage of blocking possible porosity.
Inflationary gravitational waves in collapse scheme models
Creators: name: Mariani, Mauro
name: Bengochea, Gabriel R.
name: Leon, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inflationary paradigm is an important cornerstone of the concordance cosmological model. However, standard inflation cannot fully address the transition from an early homogeneous and isotropic stage, to another one lacking such symmetries corresponding to our present universe. In previous works, a self-induced collapse of the wave function has been suggested as the missing ingredient of inflation. Most of the analysis regarding the collapse hypothesis has been solely focused on the characteristics of the spectrum associated to scalar perturbations, and within a semiclassical gravity framework. In this Letter, working in terms of a joint metric-matter quantization for inflation, we calculate, for the first time, the tensor power spectrum and the tensor-to-scalar ratio corresponding to the amplitude of primordial gravitational waves resulting from considering a generic self-induced collapse.
description: 10 pages. Improved version. Replaced to match version to be published in Phys. Lett. B
A holistic security approach to protect Cloud-Native applications
Creators: name: Thomas, Pedro R.
name: Rosa, Luis
name: Gomes, Andre S.
name: Cordeiro, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The shift towards cloud-native applications has gained momentum in the past few years. Nevertheless, the inherent distributed architecture of these applications, in some cases across the edge and cloud continuum, represents unique security challenges. The more (micro-) components and network communications between them, the more complex detecting and mitigating security threats is. To tackle such issues, this paper presents a novel federated learning-based approach incorporating supervised machine learning approaches capable of performing traffic anomaly detection in such challenging environments, with a strong focus on three prominent challenges: which algorithm to use, which network features to consider and the data security and privacy. To evaluate the proposed approach, three supervised approaches commonly usedfor anomaly detection [26] were compared: Random Forest, SVMs and CNNs, in an isolated environment and then in a decentralised one, using four different performance metrics (i.e., accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score) and two types of attacks usually found in network environments: Denial of Service and Port Scan. In the validation scenario, the implemented approach with the best performance of f1-score presented 100.0% and 99.97%, respectively, for the Denial of Service and Port Scan attacks. The attained results allowed us to conclude the intrinsic value of the proposed approach for improving the security of emerging Cloud-Native applications and the value of the assessed algorithms for efficiently detecting network anomalies.
title: Hate trumps love? The implications of negative partisanship for voters and political parties
Creators: name: Lawall, Katharina
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2022

description: Strong negative feelings towards political parties are prevalent in many Western democracies. Yet, when negative partisanship is studied, it is often treated as a by-product of positive partisanship. This paper-based thesis challenges this assumption and argues that strong negative feelings towards political parties are a force of their own. What are the implications of negative partisanship for voters and political parties? Through three survey experiments and one field experiment, I show that negative political identities have distinct and powerful consequences for both voters and parties. Firstly, I make a novel theoretical contribution to the partisanship literature by arguing that negative partisanship affects how voters feel about multiple political parties, not just the one that they dislike. In line with the idea of “my enemy’s enemy is my friend”, I find that negative partisanship can inspire feelings of closeness to other political parties. Secondly, through a field experiment with a political party, I show that cueing negative political identities has stronger mobilising effects than cueing positive political identities. This makes an important contribution to our understanding of how political parties activate negative political identities to their advantage, and shows that invoking these has implications for real-world, costly political behaviour. Finally, I examine if and how disliked political parties can reduce negative feelings towards them and their core issue positions. I find that “normative repackaging”, a strategy which couples an unacceptable policy position with a highly acceptable one, is an effective way for radical right-wing parties to make their core policy positions feel more acceptable to voters. By demonstrating the relevance of negative feelings and identities for voters and parties, this thesis provides an important contribution to our understanding of political behaviour and party competition in Western democracies.
Report on the final implementation of key selected post-processing, analytics and visualisation applications and main outcomes - Deliverable D5.3
Creators: name: Heidmann, Oliver
name: Budich, Reinhard
name: Elia, Donatello
name: Palazzo, Cosimo
name: Scardigno, Sonia
name: Dreier, Nils-Arne
name: Ziemen, Florian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ESiWACE2
Centre of Excellence in Simulation of Weather and Climate in Europe Phase 2

description: In the ESiWACE Center of Excellence the Earth System Data Middleware (ESDM) provides a data model that manages datasets in virtual containers with their metadata. Building on this work, a Python client has been developed for building pipelines consisting of ESDM-enabled post-processing, analytics and visualisation (PAV) applications. Among these PAV applications the key selected ones are: Ophidia, an open source solution for the analysis of multi-dimensional data, mainly targeted at climate science applications; CDO, a collection of command line operators to manipulate and analyse climate and weather data; ParaView, a widely used application for interactive 3D rendering and analysis of large data sets. The Ophidia framework has been improved in various ways, in particular with respect to parallel I/O, handling of non-regular grids and in-flight analytics. For the CDOs we have shown that a significant performance improvement can be obtained using GPUs. ParaView now supports arbitrary grids, such as those of the ICON, IFS, and FESOM models, the components of the DestinE digital twins. With the newly developed YAVIZ interface, it can also be used for online (in-transit) diagnostics and visualization with models that use the YAC coupler (currently the ICON model, we are working on YAC-support in FESOM). Furthermore, we have developed Python bindings for YAC, so now any Python based analysis (e.g. machine learning codes) can be applied as online analysis to the fields of the ICON model.
description: ESiWACE2 stands for Centre of Excellence in Simulation of Weather and Climate in Europe Phase 2. ESiWACE2 is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (H2020-INFRAEDI-2018-1 call) under grant agreement 823988.
Nonplanar On-shell Diagrams and Leading Singularities of Scattering Amplitudes
Creators: name: Chen, Baoyi
name: Chen, Gang
name: Cheung, Yeuk-Kwan E.
name: Li, Yunxuan
name: Xie, Ruofei
name: Xin, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bipartite on-shell diagrams are the latest tool in constructing scattering amplitudes. In this paper we prove that a Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten (BCFW)-decomposable on-shell diagram process a rational top-form if and only if the algebraic ideal comprised of the geometrical constraints is shifted linearly during successive BCFW integrations. With a proper geometric interpretation of the constraints in the Grassmannian manifold, the rational top-form integration contours can thus be obtained, and understood, in a straightforward way. All rational top-form integrands of arbitrary higher loops leading singularities can therefore be derived recursively, as long as the corresponding on-shell diagram is BCFW-decomposable.
description: 13 pages with 12 figures; final version appeared in Eur.Phys.J. C77 (2017) no.2, 80
Acoustic tests of Lorentz symmetry using quartz oscillators
Creators: name: Lo, Anthony
name: Haslinger, Philipp
name: Mizrachi, Eli
name: Anderegg, Loic
name: Müller, Holger
name: Hohensee, Michael
name: Goryachev, Maxim
name: Tobar, Michael E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and demonstrate a test of Lorentz symmetry based on new, compact, and reliable quartz oscillator technology. Violations of Lorentz invariance in the matter and photon-sector of the standard model extension (SME) generate anisotropies in particles' inertial masses and the elastic constants, giving rise to measurable anisotopies in the resonance frequencies of acoustic modes in solids. A first realization of such a "phonon-sector" test of Lorentz symmetry using room-temperature SC-cut crystals provides a limit of $\tilde c_Q^{\rm n}=(-1.8 \pm 2.2)\times 10^{-14}$\,GeV on the most weakly constrained neutron-sector $c-$coefficient of the SME. Future experiments with cryogenic oscillators promise significant improvements in accuracy, opening up the potential for improved limits on Lorentz violation in the neutron, proton, electron and photon sector.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. Added references
title: Does Soft Law Trigger Differentiation and Disintegration?
Creators: name: Terpan, Fabien
name: Saurugger, Sabine
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: soft law
subject: differentiation
subject: integration
subject: disintegration
subject: crises
subject: implementation

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2022 7(3), 1229-1242
description: I. Introduction. - II. Basic assumptions regarding crises, soft law and differentiation. - III. The dynamics of soft law, differentiation/disintegration: three scenarios. - III.1. Soft law, territorial differentiation, disintegration. - III.2. Soft law, territorial differentiation, integration. - III.3. Soft law, uniformly applied, integration. - IV. Factors making these scenarios more or less likely. - IV.1. Factors inherent in the soft law instrument. - IV.2. Factors related to the system of the EU. - V. Conclusion.
description: The purpose of this Article is to provide a framework that helps to analyse the relationship between soft law, differentiation, and the prospects of integration/disintegration. More specifically we aim at developing a typology of scenarios in order to show how soft law contributes to our understanding of differentiation and to the overall discussion about integration/disintegration in the European Un-ion, in a context of crises. Section II presents and discusses three main assumptions: the EU is facing a context of political and economic turbulences; territorial differentiation has increased since the 1990s; EU policies more and more rely on soft law. Against this backdrop, we seek to capture, in section III, the dynamics between soft law, differentiation and integration/disintegration, by using three main scenarios (soft law leads to more territorial differentiation; soft law leads to differentiation but then results in more integration; soft law triggers integration). Section IV is dedicated to the factors making these three scenarios more or less likely to occur. Two types of factors are distinguished: those which are inherent in the soft law instruments and those related to the EU system of governance. In the end, we argue that further investigation is needed in order to verify whether the legal and political EU system is strong enough to prevent normative and territorial differentiation from escalating, and preserve the integration-through-law narrative.
Does the nontrivially deformed field-antifield formalism exist?
Creators: name: Batalin, Igor A.
name: Lavrov, Peter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reformulate the Lagrange deformed field-antifield BV -formalism suggested, in terms of the general Euler vector field $N$ generated by the antisymplectic potential. That $N$ generalizes, in a natural anticanonically-invariant manner, the usual power-counting operator. We provide for the "usual" gauge-fixing mechanism as applied to the deformed BV -formalism.
description: 29 pages, no figures, v2: minor changes in Sec.7, v3: typos corrected, v4: corrections in (B.9), (B.12), (B.13), published version, v5: Section 4 extended, v6: Section 5 extended
title: Modification of concrete surfaces to reduce biofouling by marine invasive species
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Mills, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of Dundee
Year: 2022

description: Invasive species are one of the biggest threats to global biodiversity and are associated with huge economic costs. The biggest vector for marine invasive species spread is shipping, making harbours hotspots for marine invasive species. Concrete is one of the main materials used in harbours. Biofouling organisms have been shown to be influenced by changes to the surface properties of materials at both species and community level. Six types of concrete were selected for study based on their possible ability to reduce biofouling by marine invasive species; Portland cement, GGBS, a formliner-altered surface, two exposed aggregate surfaces and the first ever hairy concrete surface. Physical properties (roughness and mercury intrusion porosity) and chemical properties (XRD, XRF and pH) of each type of concrete were categorized. Five harbours were searched from Arbroath to North Queensferry on the East Coast of Scotland for invasive species. Panels of concrete were deployed at three locations on the East Coast of Scotland for 21months. At one location panels were also removed at 4, 7 and 21-months to measure colonisation, and deployed from April to August and August to December to explore the influence of seasonality. A total of eight invasive species were found in the harbour searches and biofouling studies. No type of concrete within this study resisted biofouling by marine invasive species after 21-months across all three locations. The invasive barnacle Austrominius modestus had significantly lower cover on hairy concretes at two locations and exposed aggregate concretes at one location. Changes to the physical properties to the surfaces of concrete had more of an influence on biofouling than chemical changes. Both micro (sub mm) and macro (mm+) changes to roughness influenced biofouling. This study cannot recommend one singular type of concrete for the reduction of marine invasive species but presents further quantitative information about how biofouling, of both invasive and native species, interacts in the field environment with the properties of concrete surfaces.
title: The cultural anatomy of decision making: The 'problem' of organ donation and ethnicity
Creators: name: Cooper, Jessie
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2012

description: Organ transplantation is considered the optimal treatment for those in kidney failure, yet there is a growing gap between the global demand for transplantable organs and their supply. Transplant medicine has largely concentrated upon solving this problem by securing the willingness of the public to donate their organs after death. In the UK context, attention has been trained upon black and minority ethnic (‘BME’) groups, who make up 28% of the kidney transplant waiting list, yet just 4% of organ donors. Since transplant medicine has traditionally favoured sharing organs between similar ethnic groups, ‘BME’ patients have a greatly reduced chance of receiving a transplant, despite their higher levels of need. Searching for ways to solve this problem, policy and research responses have focused upon understanding the ‘cultural’ barriers which ‘BME’ ‘communities’ present for organ donation, with subsequent interventions aimed at promoting organ donation to these groups. In so doing, minority ethnic groups have been positioned as the cause of transplant inequalities, and handed responsibility for solving an issue originally created within the practices of transplant medicine itself. This study aims to resituate this ‘problem’ by focusing upon the institutional organ donation encounter: where potential donors are decided upon and families are requested to donate their relative’s organs. A multi-sited ethnographic approach was taken to examine the work involved in organ donation in two acute hospital Trusts in the North of England, and wider ‘community’ domains, such as religious temples. Narrative and observational methods were used to understand the experiences of Intensive Care staff and donation nurses involved in requesting donation from minority ethnic families, and those connected to the ‘problem’, such as religious leaders and minority ethnic transplant recipients. Findings reveal (‘BME’) organ donation to be an embedded, negotiated practice, which goes far beyond the willingness, or reluctance, of an individual to donate their organs after death. Instead, this study demonstrates that donation is dependent upon the practices of health professionals, who make decisions on the suitability of dead and dying patients for donation. Moreover, it shows how donation decisions are produced in the negotiations between families and health professionals over the medical diagnosis of death; in the discussions of the immediate and extended family of the potential donor; and by the ability of donation nurse to secure a family’s consent for donation. This study therefore illustrates how the ‘problem’ of ethnicity in organ donation is far from an isolated matter, created as a result of the ‘culture’ of ‘BME’ populations. Instead, it argues that the categories of the ‘BME organ donor’ and the ‘BME donor family’ – as problematic for donation – are maintained and reproduced within the very processes which make organ donation possible.
Additional file 1 of An overview of methods to address distinct research questions on environmental mixtures: an application to persistent organic pollutants and leukocyte telomere length
Creators: name: Gibson, Elizabeth A.
name: Yanelli Nunez
name: Abuawad, Ahlam
name: Zota, Ami R.
name: Renzetti, Stefano
name: Devick, Katrina L.
name: Gennings, Chris
name: Goldsmith, Jeff
name: Coull, Brent A.
name: Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplemental description of methods and additional tables and figures. Table S1 Useful resources for included methods. Table S2 Overview of method characteristics. Table S3 POP characteristics. Table S4 Demographic Characteristics. Figure S1 Hierarchical clustering dendrogram. Figure S2 PCA loadings. Figure S3 EFA loadings. Figure S4 BKMR Interactions (Plot 1). Figure S5 BKMR Interactions (Plot 2). (PDF 1233 kb)
A Comprehensive Review of How the Smart Waste Management System Works
Creators: name: Muhammad A. B
name: Isa A.I.
Publisher: name: gjrpublication
Year: 2024

description: Managing and gathering waste in an inventive way is called smart waste management. Smart trash management, which is based on Internet of Things technology, offers information on waste generating patterns and behaviors. This enables waste collectors, towns, and municipalities to streamline their waste operations, increase their sustainability, and make more astute business judgments. Having a healthy environment and smart health services available is one of a smart city's key characteristics. This study explores the functioning of smart waste management systems.
Holographic Thermal Relaxation in Superfluid Turbulence
Creators: name: Du, Yiqiang
name: Niu, Chao
name: Tian, Yu
name: Zhang, Hongbao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holographic duality provides a first-principles approach to investigate real time processes in quantum many-body systems, in particular at finite temperature and far-from-equilibrium. We use this approach to study the dynamical evolution of vortex number in a two-dimensional (2D) turbulent superfluid through numerically solving its gravity dual. We find that the temporal evolution of the vortex number can be well fit statistically by two-body decay due to the vortex pair annihilation featured relaxation process, thus confirm the previous suspicion based on the experimental data for turbulent superfluid in highly oblate Bose-Einstein condensates. Furthermore, the decay rate near the critical temperature is in good agreement with the recently developed effective theory of 2D superfluid turbulence.
description: 14 pages, version to appear in JHEP. Movies available at http://people.ucas.ac.cn/~ytian?language=en#171556
title: Evidence of lexical priming in spoken Liverpool English
Creators: name: Pace-Sigge, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2012

description: This thesis is about two things. Firstly, drawing on Michael Hoey’s Lexical Priming, it aims to extend the research represented in that book – into the roots of the concept of priming and into how far Hoey’s claims are valid for spoken English corpora. The thesis traces the development of the concept of priming, which was initially work done by computational analysts, psychologists and psycho-linguists, to present a clearer picture of what priming means and in how far the phenomenon of priming has been proven to be a salient model of how man’s mind works. Moving on from that, I demonstrate how this model can be adapted to provide a model of language generation and use as Sinclair (2004) and Hoey (2003 etc.) have done, leading to the linguistic theory of Lexical Priming. Secondly, throughout the thesis two speech communities are compared: a general community of English speakers throughout the UK and a specific community, namely the Liverpool English (Scouse) speakers of Liverpool, UK. In the course of this work, a socio-economic discussion highlights the notion of Liverpool Exceptionalism and, grounded in the theory of lexical priming, I aim to show through corporaled research that this Exceptionalism manifests itself, linguistically, through (amongst other things) specific use of particular words and phrases. I thus research the lexical use of Liverpool speakers in direct comparison to the use by other UK English speakers. I explore the use of “I” and people, indefinite pronouns (anybody, someone etc.), discourse markers (like, really, well, yeah etc.) amongst other key items of spoken discourse where features of two varieties of English may systematically differ. The focus is on divergence found in their collocation, colligation, semantic preference and their lexically driven grammatical patterns. Comparing casual spoken Liverpool English with the casual spoken (UK) English found in the Macmillan and BNC subcorpora, this study finds primings in the patterns of language use that appear in all three corpora. Beyond that, there are primings of language use that appear to be specific to the Liverpool English corpus. With Scouse as the example under the microscope, this is an exploration into how speakers in different speech communities use the same language – but differently. It is not only the phonetic realisation, or the grammatical or lexical differences that define them as a separate speech group – it is the fact that they use the same lexicon in a distinct way. This means that lexical use, rather than just lexical stock, is a characterising feature of dialects.
DNA Methylation
Creators: name: Dianna Gellar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: DNA methylation, one of the most studied epigenetic modifications, refers to the addition of a methyl group to the fifth carbon of cytosine (C) catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases(Dnmts), forming 5-methylcytosine (5mC). DNA methylation predominantly occurs inCpGs but is also found in non-CpG contexts. DNA methylation is heritable and has been associated with multiple cellular processes, including transcriptional repression transposon inactivation,  chromosome inactivation, embryonic development, genomic imprinting, and the alteration of chromatin structure.
title: Hormone, behaviour and neuropeptide profiles of normal and stressed ewes
Creators: name: Fergani, Chrysanthi
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2012

description: The aim of the present study was to investigate the hormone, sexual behaviour and neuropeptide profiles of follicular phase ewes and examine alterations after the application of acute stressors. In study 1, follicular phases of intact ewes were synchronised with progesterone vaginal pessaries. Ewes then received saline vehicle, insulin (4 iu/kg) or endotoxin (LPS; 100ng/kg) at 28h after progesterone withdrawal (PW; time zero). In study 2, this protocol was repeated, but animals were killed at 0h, 16h, 31h and 40h after PW and brain tissue retrieved. In study 1, there was a delay of 17.6h and 7.2h (P
Economies of Size in Local Government: An Annotated bibliography
Creators: name: Fox, William F.
name: Stam, Jerome M.
name: Godsey, W. Maureen
name: Brown, Susan D.
name: Fox, William F.
name: Stam, Jerome M.
name: Godsey, W. Maureen
name: Brown, Susan D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: economies of size
subject: economies of scale
subject: local government
subject: community development
subject: communities
subject: rural development
subject: cost functions
subject: costs

description: The bibliography contains a listing and annotations for 133 papers, reports, and books which test for size or scale economies in producing local government goods and services. Size economies refer to the set of phenomena that cause average costs of providing a good or service to decline with increasing size of the government unit. This deals solely with the supply side costs of providing services and therefore excludes research on such topics as expenditure determinants of local governments and optimal city size. Research applying to size economies results is generally omitted. An appendix lists some research on these omitted topics.
description: Contents: Introduction; General and Theoretical Research; Multiple Services and All Services; Education; Electric Power Generation; Fire Protection; Hospitals; Police Protection; Refuse Collection; Roads; Water and Sewer Utilities; Appendix A—Author Index; Appendix B—Bibliography of Related Topics.
title: Investigating the Effects of Glycaemic Variability on Hypoxic and Ischaemic Preconditioning
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Ross, Claire
Publisher: name: University of Dundee
Year: 2022

description: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the principal cause of death in people with diabetes. Initially, this was attributed to chronic hyperglycaemia and reduced insulin sensitivity. However, clinical trials have revealed that aggressive glycaemic control does not necessarily improve macrovascular outcomes in these individuals. One possible explanation for this is an increased occurrence of hypoglycaemia associated with intensive glucose lowering therapy. Hypoxic (HPC), ischaemic (IPC) and remote ischaemic preconditioning (R-IPC) are phenomena in which a degree of protection against a severe hypoxic or ischaemic insult is conferred by prior exposure to hypoxia or ischaemia. Evidence regarding the efficacy of IPC and R-IPC treatment in those with diabetes is somewhat contradictory although it seems that glycaemic events before preconditioning can be of influence. A project was designed to investigate how glycaemic variability can affect HPC, IPC and R-IPC. The primary objectives of this project were to develop in vitro and in vivo models of preconditioning after which acute hypoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic events were to be introduced within the timelines of any established models. The proposed in vivo R-IPC model consisted of repeated cycles of 5 minutes ischaemia/5 minutes reperfusion, induced using a blood pressure cuff around a murine hindlimb, for a total of 9 cycles over 3 days. Using laser doppler imaging (LDI) combined with phenylephrine (PE) and acetylcholine (ACh) iontophoresis, in vivo studies appeared to show that endothelial function paradoxically decreased following RIPC treatment. In contrast, it appears that when the injectable anaesthesia agents midazolam and Alfaxan were used in lieu of isoflurane, R-IPC led to an improvement in endothelial function. Taken together, these data provided evidence that isoflurane anaesthesia independently influences vascular function in vivo and thus, should not be used in models of preconditioning with assessment of peripheral vascular function. Validation of an in vitro IPC model in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was unsuccessful, as was development of both IPC and HPC models in HUVECs using a hypoxic incubator. However, a model of HPC was validated through the treatment of HUVECs for 24 hours with 200µM CoCl2. A screening study determined that single 3-hour episodes of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia can potentially abolish HPC induced protection against a severe hypoxic insult. However, this disruption appears to depend upon when the glycaemic event occurs in relation to the HPC treatment 20 . In conclusion, the studies reported in this thesis suggest that the potential benefits of HPC are ameliorated in diabetes as a consequence of significant changes in glycaemia prior to the ischaemic insult.
title: 'Playing' cultural identities in and out of the cinematic nation: popular songs in British, Spanish, and Italian cinema of the late 1990s
Creators: name: Boschi, Elena
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2011

description: The questions I set out to address in the thesis originate at the point where film music scholarship on identifications via popular songs and film scholarship on the necessity to look beyond national identity in cinema, intersect. By analysing the processes through which popular songs bring meaning into films, and focussing on how their meaning and other textual factors intersect in the film, I argue that soundtracks construct identities that are not uncovered through considerations of films as visual texts. To explore these processes, I chose to focus on films from three European national cinemas – British, Spanish, and Italian – and show how considering popular songs can reveal the paths audiences tread when they not only see but also hear the differences soundtracks construct in films. After situating my study in relation to the literature on film music studies and film studies, I discuss the concept of cultural identities used in the thesis and highlight its relevance to the study of films as audiovisual texts. In the nine case studies presented in the three central chapters, I illustrate how songs participate in the construction and positioning of cultural identities in films. Via connections between different musical groupings and the cultural identities these articulate, songs can acquire further meaning, which often changes during the course of the films and can situate cultural identities in relation to the cinematic representations of a dominant national culture. The possibilities for identifications offered through popular music in films are being explored in interesting ways in the field of film music studies. By applying these theorists’ ideas to British, Spanish, and Italian films, I propose to show the readings that a consideration of films as visual texts alone does not account for. In addition to illustrating how an audiovisual approach to films can inform other neighbouring disciplines, I build on existing ideas in film music studies and propose a basic model for understanding how songs can map cultural identities in the cinematic representation of nations as well as be influenced by their textual voyages through films. In this project, I ultimately aim to argue for the necessity to listen beyond national identity in order to understand where these narratives allow audiences to situate themselves in relation to the nations they inhabit.