cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Investigating the Use of Quartz Luminescence and Rock-Color Alteration to Characterize Wildfire Exposure; Applied to the 2020 Mangum Fire, Kaibab Plateau, Arizona
Creators: name: Phinney, April I.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Wildfires appear to be increasing in size, severity, and frequency. Land managers need information on past wildfire behavior to make effective and adaptive land management plans. However, there are only a few techniques and data sources that provide information on past fire heating. This study aims to provide new methods to equip managers with a more robust understanding of historic and modern fire behavior. Fire behavior is assessed using novel methods that can assess soil and rock response to past wildfire heat exposure.
This study examined samples from the 2020 Mangum Fire, in northern Arizona. Sediment and rock were gathered to characterize past fire heating. These samples come from sites with differing soil burn severity (which is a measure of how much the vegetation at the soil surface was destroyed by fire) within the Mangum Fire burn region and sites from outside the fire perimeter.
Luminescence (light) emitted from quartz minerals was analyzed following three methods in the lab to detect past heat exposure. Thermally altered rock color (reddening) was also used to assess past heating.
This study demonstrates that luminescence signals and rock color measurably alter when heated. These methods may be able to characterize past wildfire heating and provide a more detailed characterization of past fire behavior. Understanding the difference between past and present fire characteristics can equip land managers to better steward complex ecosystems and the role of fire within these communities.
Stabilizing strongly correlated photon fluids with non-Markovian reservoirs
Creators: name: Lebreuilly, José
name: Biella, Alberto
name: Storme, Florent
name: Rossini, Davide
name: Fazio, Rosario
name: Ciuti, Cristiano
name: Carusotto, Iacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel frequency-dependent incoherent pump scheme with a square-shaped spectrum as a way to study strongly correlated photons in arrays of coupled nonlinear resonators. This scheme can be implemented via a reservoir of population-inverted two-level emitters with a broad distribution of transition frequencies. Our proposal is predicted to stabilize a non-equilibrium steady state sharing important features with a zero-temperature equilibrium state with a tunable chemical potential. We confirm the efficiency of our proposal for the Bose-Hubbard model by computing numerically the steady state for finite system sizes: first, we predict the occurrence of a sequence of incompressible Mott-Insulator-like states with arbitrary integer densities presenting strong robustness against tunneling and losses. Secondly, for stronger tunneling amplitudes or non-integer densities, the system enters a coherent regime analogous to the superfluid state. In addition to an overall agreement with the zero-temperature equilibrium state, exotic non-equilibrium processes leading to a finite entropy generation are pointed out in specific regions of parameter space. The equilibrium ground state is shown to be recovered by adding frequency-dependent losses. The promise of this improved scheme in view of quantum simulation of the zero temperature many-body physics is highlighted.
A Decision Diagram Operation for Reachability
Creators: name: Brand, Sebastiaan
name: Bäck, Thomas
name: Laarman, Alfons
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Saturation is considered the state-of-the-art method for computing fixpoints with decision diagrams. We present a relatively simple decision diagram operation called REACH that also computes fixpoints. In contrast to saturation, it does not require a partitioning of the transition relation. We give sequential algorithms implementing the new operation for both binary and multi-valued decision diagrams, and moreover provide parallel counterparts. We implement these algorithms and experimentally compare their performance against saturation on 692 model checking benchmarks in different languages. The results show that the REACH operation often outperforms saturation, especially on transition relations with low locality. In a comparison between parallelized versions of REACH and saturation we find that REACH obtains comparable speedups up to 16 cores, although falls behind saturation at 64 cores. Finally, in a comparison with the state-of-the-art model checking tool ITS-tools we find that REACH outperforms ITS-tools on 29% of models, suggesting that REACH can be useful as a complementary method in an ensemble tool.
Raman and fluorescence contributions to resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering on LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ heterostructures
Creators: name: Pfaff, F.
name: Fujiwara, H.
name: Berner, G.
name: Yamasaki, A.
name: Niwa, H.
name: Kiuchi, H.
name: Gloskovskii, A.
name: Drube, W.
name: Kirilmaz, O.
name: Sekiyama, A.
name: Miyawaki, J.
name: Harada, Y.
name: Suga, S.
name: Sing, M.
name: Claessen, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of the Ti 3$d$ carriers at the interface of LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ heterostructures by high-resolution resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS), with special focus on the roles of overlayer thickness and oxygen vacancies. Our measurements show the existence of interfacial Ti 3$d$ electrons already below the critical thickness for conductivity and an increase of the total interface charge up to a LaAlO$_3$ overlayer thickness of 6 unit cells before it levels out. By comparing stoichiometric and oxygen deficient samples we observe strong Ti 3$d$ charge carrier doping by oxygen vacancies. The RIXS data combined with photoelectron spectroscopy and transport measurements indicate the simultaneous presence of localized and itinerant charge carriers. However, it is demonstrated that the relative amount of localized and itinerant Ti $3d$ electrons in the ground state cannot be deduced from the relative intensities of the Raman and fluorescence peaks in excitation energy dependent RIXS measurements, in contrast to previous interpretations. Rather, we attribute the observation of either the Raman or the fluorescence signal to the spatial extension of the intermediate state reached in the RIXS excitation process.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Fast Parallel Exact Inference on Bayesian Networks: Poster
Creators: name: Jiang, Jiantong
name: Wen, Zeyi
name: Mansoor, Atif
name: Mian, Ajmal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bayesian networks (BNs) are attractive, because they are graphical and interpretable machine learning models. However, exact inference on BNs is time-consuming, especially for complex problems. To improve the efficiency, we propose a fast BN exact inference solution named Fast-BNI on multi-core CPUs. Fast-BNI enhances the efficiency of exact inference through hybrid parallelism that tightly integrates coarse- and fine-grained parallelism. We also propose techniques to further simplify the bottleneck operations of BN exact inference. Fast-BNI source code is freely available at https://github.com/jjiantong/FastBN.
Low energy quantum regimes of 1D dipolar Hubbard model with correlated hopping
Creators: name: Fazzini, Serena
name: Barbiero, Luca
name: Montorsi, Arianna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the bosonization technique to derive the phase diagram of a balanced unit density two-component dipolar Fermi gas in a one dimensional lattice geometry. The considered interaction processes are of the usual contact and dipolar long-range density-density type together with peculiar correlated hopping terms which can be generated dynamically. Rigorous bounds for the transition lines are obtained in the weak coupling regime. In addition to the standard bosonization description, we derive the low energy phase diagram taking place when part of the interaction is embodied non-perturbatively in the single component Hamiltonians. In this case the Luttinger liquid regime is shown to become unstable with respect to the opening of further gapped phases, among which insulating bond ordered wave and Haldane phases, the latter with degenerate edge modes.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Probing Lorentz-violating electrodynamics with CMB polarization
Creators: name: Caloni, Luca
name: Giardiello, Serena
name: Lembo, Margherita
name: Gerbino, Martina
name: Gubitosi, Giulia
name: Lattanzi, Massimiliano
name: Pagano, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a comprehensive study of the signatures of Lorentz violation in electrodynamics on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies. In the framework of the minimal Standard Model Extension (SME), we consider effects generated by renormalizable operators, both CPT-odd and CPT-even. These operators are responsible for sourcing, respectively, cosmic birefringence and circular polarization. We propagate jointly the effects of all the relevant Lorentz-violating parameters to CMB observables and provide constraints with the most recent CMB datasets. We bound the CPT-even coefficient to $k_{F,E+B} < 2.31 \times 10^{-31}$ at 95\% CL. This improves previous CMB bounds by one order of magnitude. The limits we obtain on the CPT-odd coefficients, i.e. $|k_{(V)00}^{(3)}| < 1.54 \times 10^{-44} \; {\rm GeV}$ and $|\mathbf{k_{AF}}| < 0.74 \times 10^{-44} \; {\rm GeV}$ at 95\% CL, are respectively one and two orders of magnitude stronger than previous CMB-based limits, superseding also bounds from non-CMB searches. This analysis provides the strongest constraints to date on CPT-violating coefficients in the minimal SME from CMB searches.
title: Characterizing Karst Mountain Watersheds Through Streamflow Response to Snowmelt
Creators: name: Thurber, Daniel Meade
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: The climate in many parts of the Western US is characterized by cold, wet winters preceding long, dry summers. In the absence of precipitation, water supplies in these regions are sustained by melting snow and mountain groundwater. Changes in regional climate can reduce snow accumulation, accelerate melt, and prolong dry periods, all increasing the importance of groundwater on summertime water availability. In mountainous regions with limestone and dolomite geology, bedrock formations can host significant karst aquifers comprising dissolution-enhanced karst conduits which play an outsized and variable role in how precipitation is translated into streamflow. In this study, we considered an intensively monitored watershed in the Bear River Range of Northern Utah with major karst influences to evaluate geologic and climate controls on streamflow patterns. We evaluated water quality and discharge time-series along with model simulations of snow accumulation and melt for six tributary subcatchments, four mainstem subcatchments, and two major springs within the 554 km2 study area across wet, moderate, and dry years. Most subcatchments had clear annual streamflow and water quality response associated with melting snow, but the magnitude of these responses varied by a factor of 10 across the study area. Unlike many snowmelt-dominated mountain watersheds, the variability in response between subcatchments could not be well described by climate conditions or topographic characteristics. We use the diverse streamflow responses to propose a conceptual model of three attributes that can be used to characterize and facilitate understanding and water management of karst- influenced mountain watersheds: conduit flow direction, matrix flow direction, and degree of karstification.
title: Preference Reversals in Delay of Gratification
Creators: name: Haynes, Jeremy M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Intertemporal choices are decisions between outcomes occurring at different times. For example, people may choose to quit smoking cigarettes for the delayed health-related benefits associated with abstention, or they may continue to smoke for the immediate gratification associated with smoking now. Importantly, patterns of intertemporal choices among people are associated with a number of maladaptive behaviors (e.g., cigarette smoking). In the present set of studies, I examine a facet of intertemporal choice: preference reversals. Although there are multiple forms of preference reversal, I focus on those characterized by shifts in preference from a larger-later reward to a smallerimmediate reward after a choice of that larger-later reward. Little research has been dedicated to examining these preference reversals despite their potential role in some maladaptive behaviors (e.g., relapse). To address this gap, I first developed a procedure to examine these preference reversals in a preclinical rat model (Chapter II). After developing this procedure, I used it to examine the effect of delay pre-exposure training on preference reversals in rats, allowing me to investigate a potential process (i.e., changes in temporal expectations) contributing to these preference reversals (Chapter III). Importantly, identifying the processes that contribute to these preference reversals may provide the means for developing interventions to avoid such reversals as they relate to human health. Thus, the goal of these studies was to provide an important step in progressing our understanding of preference reversals so that interventions can be developed to prevent them in people.
CNTF-Expression in Tiermodellen für Chorea Huntington
Creators: name: Ahrens, Aline
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Wir untersuchten den Gehalt an CNTF im Quinolinsäure-läsionierten Striatum für einen Monat unter Verwendung von Immunhistochemie und Western-Blot. Im läsionierten Striatum konnte mittels Nissl-Färbung und Verringerung der NeuN–immunreaktiven Zellen eine Neurodegeneration dargestellt werden. Parallel dazu zeigte eine Erhöhung der GFAP-Immunreaktivität eine reaktive Gliose. Mit Immunhistochemie gegen CNTF wurde beobachtet, dass im Quinolinsäure-läsionierten Striatum im Verlaufe der Zeit eine CNTF-Expressionserhöhung stattfand. Die CNTF-immunreaktiven Zellen hatten die Morphologie von protoplasmatischen Astrozyten. Des weiteren demonstrierte die quantitative Western-Blot-Methode, dass der Gehalt an CNTF-Protein in striatalen Lösungen im Vergleich zur scheinläsionierten Hemisphäre und den intakten Kontrollen einen Monat nach Quinolisäureläsion signifikant erhöht war.
title: Multi-Fidelity Predictions for Control Allocation on the NASA Ikhana Research Aircraft to Minimize Drag
Creators: name: Schoenfeld, Justice T.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Optimal control settings (camber scheduling) can be used by aircraft to minimize drag at various operating conditions during flight. In this work, camber schedules for minimum drag on the NASA Ikhana are obtained over a range of lift coefficients. A modern numerical lifting-line algorithm is used to predict the lift and drag of the aircraft as a function of operating condition and wing section shape (airfoil camber). The SLSQP optimization algorithm is used to solve for the camber schedule that minimizes drag for a given operating condition. The process is repeated, varying the number of control sections to evaluate the benefit of additional control sections in minimizing drag on the aircraft. Results show that there are diminishing returns with increased numbers of control sections. For the NASA Ikhana, the limit on the number of control sections added before diminishing results were obtained was found to be 2 control sections. With 2 control sections the NASA Ikhana achieved between a 4.5% and 26.3% reduction in drag for lift coefficients between 0.1−0.9 when compared to the baseline Ikhana with no control sections. Adding an additional 2 control sections reduced the drag by less than 0.75%. Results from the optimization can be used in flight algorithms to schedule camber during flight such that drag and fuel burn are minimized. Results can also be used to inform the design of future aircraft with distributed control surfaces, especially in the growing small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) market where many designs are aerodynamically less efficient than commercial and research aircraft, such as the NASA Ikhana.
Client Selection for Federated Bayesian Learning
Creators: name: Yang, Jiarong
name: Liu, Yuan
name: Kassab, Rahif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Distributed Stein Variational Gradient Descent (DSVGD) is a non-parametric distributed learning framework for federated Bayesian learning, where multiple clients jointly train a machine learning model by communicating a number of non-random and interacting particles with the server. Since communication resources are limited, selecting the clients with most informative local learning updates can improve the model convergence and communication efficiency. In this paper, we propose two selection schemes for DSVGD based on Kernelized Stein Discrepancy (KSD) and Hilbert Inner Product (HIP). We derive the upper bound on the decrease of the global free energy per iteration for both schemes, which is then minimized to speed up the model convergence. We evaluate and compare our schemes with conventional schemes in terms of model accuracy, convergence speed, and stability using various learning tasks and datasets.
description: To appear in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications Special Issue on Communication-Efficient Distributed Learning over Networks
Convergence rate of implicit iteration process and a data dependence result
Creators: name: Yildirim, Isa
name: Abbas, Mujahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47H10, 54H25

description: The aim of this paper is to introduce an implicit S-iteration process and study its convergence in the framework of W-hyperbolic spaces. We show that the implicit S-iteration process has higher rate of convergence than implicit Mann type iteration and implicit Ishikawa-type iteration processes. We present a numerical example to support the analytic result proved herein. Finally, we prove a data dependence result for a contractive type mapping using implicit S-iteration process.
Spin, charge and $η$-spin separation in one-dimensional photo-doped Mott insulators
Creators: name: Murakami, Yuta
name: Takayoshi, Shintaro
name: Kaneko, Tatsuya
name: Läuchli, Andreas M.
name: Werner, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that effectively cold metastable states in one-dimensional photo-doped Mott insulators described by the extended Hubbard model exhibit spin, charge and $η$-spin separation. Namely, their wave functions in the large on-site Coulomb interaction limit can be expressed as $|Ψ\rangle =|Ψ_{\rm charge}\rangle|Ψ_{\rm spin}\rangle |Ψ_{\rm η-spin}\rangle$, which is analogous to the Ogata-Shiba states of the doped Hubbard model in equilibrium. Here $η$-spin represents the type of the photo-generated pseudeparticles (doublon or holon). $|Ψ_{\rm charge}\rangle$ is determined by spinless free fermions, $|Ψ_{\rm spin}\rangle$ by the isotropic Heisenberg model in the squeezed spin space, and $|Ψ_{\rm η-spin}\rangle$ by the XXZ model in the squeezed $η$-spin space. In particular, the metastable $η$-pairing and charge-density-wave (CDW) states correspond to the gapless and gapful states of the XXZ model. The specific form of the wave function allows us to accurately determine the exponents of correlation functions. The form also suggests that the central charge of the $η$-pairing state is 3 and that of the CDW phase is 2, which we numerically confirm. Our study provides analytic and intuitive insights into the correlations between active degrees of freedom in photo-doped strongly correlated systems.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures + 14 pages, 2 figures
Dynamics of entanglement and transport in 1D systems with quenched randomness
Creators: name: Nahum, Adam
name: Ruhman, Jonathan
name: Huse, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quenched randomness can have a dramatic effect on the dynamics of isolated 1D quantum many-body systems, even for systems that thermalize. This is because transport, entanglement, and operator spreading can be hindered by `Griffiths' rare regions which locally resemble the many-body-localized phase and thus act as weak links. We propose coarse-grained models for entanglement growth and for the spreading of quantum operators in the presence of such weak links. We also examine entanglement growth across a single weak link numerically. We show that these weak links have a stronger effect on entanglement growth than previously assumed: entanglement growth is sub-ballistic whenever such weak links have a power-law probability distribution at low couplings, i.e. throughout the entire thermal Griffiths phase. We argue that the probability distribution of the entanglement entropy across a cut can be understood from a simple picture in terms of a classical surface growth model. Surprisingly, the four length scales associated with (i) production of entanglement, (ii) spreading of conserved quantities, (iii) spreading of operators, and (iv) the width of the `front' of a spreading operator, are characterized by dynamical exponents that in general are all distinct. Our numerical analysis of entanglement growth between weakly coupled systems may be of independent interest.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures
title: Shame-Proneness and Sexual Satisfaction Among Conservatively Religious Sexual Minorities
Creators: name: Sorrell, Sydney A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: This study examined how various aspects of religiousness and sexuality were related to sexual satisfaction among conservatively religious sexual minorities and explored whether dispositional proneness to feeling shame changed these relationships. Analysis of survey data from 315 current and former members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints revealed numerous factors that were related to sexual satisfaction. Sexual minorities who attended more religious services and who were more religiously committed were less sexually satisfied. This may be a result of the conflict a religious sexual minority individual experiences when engaging in same-sex sexual behavior due to stigmatizing religious rhetoric about their sexuality. Sexual minorities who concealed their sexual identities to a greater extent and who had more internalized negative beliefs about their sexuality were less sexually satisfied. This finding may be due to the ways that identity-related stress can influence biopsychosocial factors and pose a barrier to engaging in or enjoying sex. Shame-proneness was also related to less sexual satisfaction, and when participants experienced a high degree of shame-proneness, internalized negative beliefs about their sexuality were more strongly related to decreases in sexual satisfaction. This finding may be a result of the tendency for highly shame-prone individuals to feel shame more intensely, potentially causing internalized negative beliefs about sexuality to be more emotionally painful and difficult to navigate when engaging in same-sex sexual behavior. Considering these findings, I suggest that mental health professionals who work with religious sexual minorities screen for concerns about sexual satisfaction and assess their clients for shame-proneness, as it can exacerbate the effects of internalized stigma on sexual satisfaction.
Critical behaviour in two-dimensional Coulomb Glass at zero temperature
Creators: name: Bhandari, Preeti
name: Malik, Vikas
name: Ahmad, Syed Rashid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lattice model of Coulomb Glass in two dimensions with box-type random field distribution is studied at zero temperature for system size upto $96^{2}$. To obtain the minimum energy state we annealed the system using Monte Carlo simulation followed by further minimization using cluster-flipping. The values of the critical exponents are determined using the standard finite size scaling. We found that the correlation length $ξ$ diverges with an exponent $ν=1.0$ at the critical disorder $W_{c} = 0.2253$ and that $χ_{dis} \approx ξ^{4-\barη}$ with $\barη=2$ for the disconnected susceptibility. The staggered magnetization behaves discontinuously around the transition and the critical exponent of magnetization $β=0$. The probability distribution of the staggered magnetization shows a three peak structure which is a characteristic feature for the phase coexistence at first-order phase transition. In addition to this, at the critical disorder we have also studied the properties of the domain for different system sizes. In contradiction with the Imry-Ma arguments, we found pinned and non-compact domains where most of the random field energy was contained in the domain wall. Our results are also inconsistent with Binder's roughening picture.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures
Charm mass effects in the static energy computed in 2+1+1 flavor lattice QCD
Creators: name: Weber, Johannes Heinrich
name: Brambilla, Nora
name: Delgado, Rafael L.
name: Kronfeld, Andreas
name: Leino, Viljami
name: Petreczky, Peter
name: Steinbeißer, Sebastian
name: Vairo, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report our analysis for the static energy in (2+1+1)-flavor QCD over a wide range of lattice spacings and several quark masses. We obtain results for the static energy out to distances of nearly 1 fm, allowing us to perform a simultaneous determination of the lattice scales $r_2$, $r_1$ and $r_0$ as well as the string tension, $σ$. While our results for ${r_0}/{r_1}$ and $r_0$ $\sqrtσ$ agree with published (2+1)-flavor results, our result for ${r_1}/{r_2}$ differs significantly from the value obtained in the (2+1)-flavor case, likely due to the effect of the charm quark. We study in detail the effect of the charm quark on the static energy by comparing our results on the finest lattices with the previously published (2+1)-flavor QCD results at similar lattice spacing. The lattice results agree well with the two-loop perturbative expression of the static energy incorporating finite charm mass effects.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, The 39th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice2022),8-13 August, 2022,Bonn, Germany
Trafikeringsstrategier för olika marknader
Creators: name: Troche, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 1997

description: Tågtrafikutbudet bör utgå från resenärernas krav på kort restid, hög turtäthet och bytesfria förbindelser. Föredraget behandlar hur trafikeringskoncept kan bidra till att bättre tillgodose dessa krav och vilka kopplingar som finns till fordonskoncept och tågstorlek. Tidtabellsprinciper från olika länder i Europa presenteras och framtida utvecklingsmöjligheter diskuteras. Stora satsningar på nya höghastighetslinjer har gjorts eller pågår runtom i Europa. Trafikeringsprinciperna för dessa skiljer sig i olika länder, vilket behandlas i föredraget liksom sambanden mellan infrastruktur (nätutformning) och trafikering. Avslutningsvis diskuteras utvecklingsmöjligheterna för nattrafiken med avseende på bl a fordonskoncept och uppehållsmönster.
description: Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Vol. 4 No. 1 (1997): Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
An Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art Software and Hardware Implementations of BIKE
Creators: name: Galimberti, Andrea
name: Montanaro, Gabriele
name: Fornaciari, William
name: Zoni, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: NIST is conducting a process for the standardization of post-quantum cryptosystems, i.e., cryptosystems that are resistant to attacks by both traditional and quantum computers and that can thus substitute the traditional public-key cryptography solutions which are expected to be broken by quantum computers in the next decades. This manuscript provides an overview and a comparison of the existing state-of-the-art implementations of the BIKE QC-MDPC code-based post-quantum KEM, a candidate in NIST's PQC standardization process. We consider both software, hardware, and mixed hardware-software implementations and evaluate their performance and, for hardware ones, their resource utilization.
description: Accepted for presentation at PARMA-DITAM 2023: 14th Workshop on Parallel Programming and Run-Time Management Techniques for Many-core Architectures / 12th Workshop on Design Tools and Architectures for Multicore Embedded Computing Platforms, January 17, 2023
Instructor Guide : Integrating Leadership Skills, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Simulation and Google Tools to learn Physics
Creators: name: Mehrotra, Dr
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2024

description: Scientific, leadership and recent artificial intelligence skills are integral frameworks of the curriculum. All of them together or individually can enhance knowledge, critical thinking and creativity. Physics is a branch of science and a scientific discipline in which we study the science of matter. The properties of matter impacts the behavior and motion of matter. The matter exists in different states of matter - solid, liquid, gas and plasma. The substances can transition between these phases as they absorb the heat from the environment. The matter is made up of molecules which are both in static and motion phase in solid, liquid, gas and plasma which regulates the mass and volume of the matter. Packing of the states of matter and the properties of matter also impacts the movement of molecules, collision of molecules, friction and force. This lesson will highlight the matter, states of matter and properties of matter to provide key concepts in physics.
Demonstrating the decoupling regime of the electron-phonon interaction in a quantum dot using chirped optical excitation
Creators: name: Kaldewey, Timo
name: Lüker, Sebastian
name: Kuhlmann, Andreas V.
name: Valentin, Sascha R.
name: Chauveau, Jean-Michel
name: Ludwig, Arne
name: Wieck, Andreas D.
name: Reiter, Doris E.
name: Kuhn, Tilmann
name: Warburton, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitation of a semiconductor quantum dot with a chirped laser pulse allows excitons to be created by rapid adiabatic passage. In quantum dots this process can be greatly hindered by the coupling to phonons. Here we add a high chirp rate to ultra-short laser pulses and use these pulses to excite a single quantum dot. We demonstrate that we enter a regime where the exciton-phonon coupling is effective for small pulse areas, while for higher pulse areas a decoupling of the exciton from the phonons occurs. We thus discover a reappearance of rapid adiabatic passage, in analogy to the predicted reappearance of Rabi rotations at high pulse areas. The measured results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
description: Main manuscript 5 pages and 4 figures, Supplementary Information 5 pages and 3 figures, submitted to PRL
O efeito mediador da motivação intrínseca na relação entre as características da função e o desempenho individual
Creators: name: Oliveira, Vanessa
name: Leal, Susana
Publisher: name: Proceedings - Research and Intervention in Human Resources
Year: 2016

description: Objetivo. Este trabalho testa empiricamente como as perceções acerca das características da função explicam o desempenho individual, tanto diretamente quanto através da mediação da motivação intrínseca. As características da função estudadas abarcam a variedade de trabalho, a autonomia, o feedback, a relação com os outros, a identidade da tarefa e a amizade no local de trabalho (Sims, Szilagyi e Keller, 1976). Embora seja profícua a investigação que considera estes constructos, é menos frequente aquela que: (a) os considera em simultâneo, (b) testa a evidência empírica em Portugal, e (c) considera tanto o desempenho individual autoreportado como o avaliado pelas chefias. Metodologia. A amostra abarca 153 colaboradores (95% do género feminino, 56% com o 9.º ano de escolaridade, 27% com o secundário e 17% com um curso superior, 9% desempenham funções de chefia) provenientes de cinco Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social. A idade média dos inquiridos cifra-se nos 43,2 anos (DP: 9,6) e a antiguidade média em 10,2 anos (DP: 8,4). As características da função foram medidas com a escala de Sims et al. (1976), a motivação intrínseca através da escala de Warr, Cook e Wall (1979) e o desempenho individual através da escala de Welbourne, Jonhson e Erez (1998). Os dados foram submetidos análises fatoriais exploratórias. Analisou-se a consistência interna das escalas e prosseguiu-se com análises de médias, correlações e regressões lineares hierárquicas. O efeito mediador da motivação intrínseca foi testado através do Teste de Sobel. Resultados. Os dados sugerem o seguinte: (a) a motivação intrínseca medeia totalmente a relação entre as características da função e o desempenho autoreportado, não ocorrendo o mesmo efeito mediador com o desempenho avaliado pelas chefias; (b) as características da função influenciam direta e positivamente a motivação intrínseca e o desempenho reportado pelas chefias; (c) a motivação intrínseca afeta positivamente o desempenho autoreportado. Emergem diferenças significativas entre a autoavaliação de desempenho e a respetiva avaliação pelas chefias, o que surpreende. Aprofundou-se o estudo para aferir a razão de tal diferença. Contributo. O presente estudo contribui para compreender como as características da função influenciam a motivação intrínseca das pessoas no trabalho e o seu desempenho individual. Limitações. O desempenho individual foi medido através de uma medida subjetiva pelo que estudos futuros devem privilegiar medidas de desempenho objetivas. A relação entre os constructos e a medida de desempenho autoreportado pode padecer de problemas atinentes à variância do método comum.
description: Proceedings - Research and Intervention in Human Resources, n. 6 (2016): VI Conferência em Investigação e Intervenção em RH
First-Principles-Based Insight into Electrochemical Reactivity in a Cobalt-Carbonate-Hydrate Pseudocapacitor
Creators: name: Oqmhula, Kenji
name: Toma, Takahiro
name: Maezono, Ryo
name: Hongo, Kenta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cobalt carbonate hydroxide (CCH) is a pseudocapacitive material with remarkably high capacitance and cycle stability. Previously, it was reported that CCH pseudocapacitive materials are orthorhombic in nature. Recent structural characterization has revealed that they are hexagonal in nature; however, their H positions still remain unclear. In this work, we carried out first-principles simulations to identify the H positions. Through the simulations, we could consider various fundamental deprotonation reactions inside the crystal and computationally evaluate the electromotive forces (EMF) of the deprotonation ($V_\mathrm{dp}$). Compared with the experimental potential window of the reaction ($< 0.6$ V (vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE))), the computed $V_\mathrm{dp}$ (vs. SCE) value ($3.05$ V) was beyond the potential window, indicating that deprotonation never occurred inside the crystal. This may be attributed to the strongly formed hydrogen-bonds (H-bonds) in the crystal, thereby leading to the structural stabilization. We further investigated the crystal anisotropy in an actual capacitive material by considering the growth mechanism of the CCH crystal. By associating our X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak simulations with experimental structural analysis, we found that the H-bonds formed between CCH $\{(\bar{1}\bar{1}\bar{1}), (2\bar{1}\bar{1}), (2\bar{1}1)\}$ planes (approximately parallel to $ab$-plane) can result in 1-D growth (stacked along with $c$-axis).
title: Functional Characterization of the Newly Discovered Type V CRISPR-Cas Protein Cas12a2
Creators: name: Keiser, Dylan J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Similarly to people, bacteria are under the treat of infection by viruses. To circumvent these threats, bacteria evolve complex immune systems. Our understanding of some of these immune systems has led to many advancements in the field of Biotechnology including tools that made expressing proteins for study in a lab easier, tools that revolutionized the feasibility of gene editing, and tools that could change the way we think about viral diagnostics and cancer therapeutics. A certain type of immune system that bacteria use to fight virus is called a CRISPR system. Presented here is work to understand the function of two CRISPR immune systems with unknown functions. Through sequence analysis and the design of a plasmid clearance assay, a potential function of the type IV-B CRISPR system is proposed. In addition to the type IV-B CRISPR system, biochemical assays are used to determine the function of the type V-A2 protein Cas12a2. It is revealed that Cas12a2 functions using a unique mechanism of immunity that could be harnessed to improve tools in viral diagnostics, viral therapeutics, and cancer therapeutics.
The Cooperative Output Regulation Problem of Discrete-Time Linear Multi-Agent Systems by the Adaptive Distributed Observer
Creators: name: Huang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we first present an adaptive distributed observer for a discrete-time leader system. This adaptive distributed observer will provide, to each follower, not only the estimation of the leader's signal, but also the estimation of the leader's system matrix. Then, based on the estimation of the matrix S, we devise a discrete adaptive algorithm to calculate the solution to the regulator equations associated with each follower, and obtain an estimated feedforward control gain. Finally, we solve the cooperative output regulation problem for discrete-time linear multi-agent systems by both state feedback and output feedback adaptive distributed control laws utilizing the adaptive distributed observer.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
title: Lifting-Line Predictions for Life and Twist Distributions to Minimize Induced Drag in Ground Effect
Creators: name: Church, Kyler
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: The elliptic lift distribution produces the minimum induced drag for a given wingspan and desired lift outside of ground effect. This distribution can be generated on any wing by using geometric and/or aerodynamic twist. However, in ground effect, the elliptic lift distribution is not necessarily that which minimizes induced drag. The present work uses a modern numerical lifting-line algorithm to evaluate how the optimum lift distribution varies as a function of height above ground. The algorithm is also used to obtain the twist distributions that should be applied to wings of varying aspect ratios and taper ratios to produce the optimum lift distribution in ground effect. The results of this work can be used to reduce takeoff distances on morphing wings, or wings that can actively change twist or camber during flight.
Extending geometrical optics: A Lagrangian theory for vector waves
Creators: name: Ruiz, D. E.
name: Dodin, I. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even when neglecting diffraction effects, the well-known equations of geometrical optics (GO) are not entirely accurate. Traditional GO treats wave rays as classical particles, which are completely described by their coordinates and momenta, but vector-wave rays have another degree of freedom, namely, their polarization. The polarization degree of freedom manifests itself as an effective (classical) "wave spin" that can be assigned to rays and can affect the wave dynamics accordingly. A well-known manifestation of polarization dynamics is mode conversion, which is the linear exchange of quanta between different wave modes and can be interpreted as a rotation of the wave spin. Another, less-known polarization effect is the polarization-driven bending of ray trajectories. This work presents an extension and reformulation of GO as a first-principle Lagrangian theory, whose effective-gauge Hamiltonian governs the aforementioned polarization phenomena simultaneously. As an example, the theory is applied to describe the polarization-driven divergence of right-hand and left-hand circularly polarized electromagnetic waves in weakly magnetized plasma.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure
Giant Magnons of String Theory in the Lambda Background
Creators: name: Appadu, Calan
name: Hollowood, Timothy J.
name: Miramontes, J. Luis
name: Price, Dafydd
name: Schmidtt, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analogues of giant magnon configurations are studied on the string world sheet in the lambda background. This is a discrete deformation of the AdS(5)xS(5) background that preserves the integrability of the world sheet theory. Giant magnon solutions are generated using the dressing method and their dispersion relation is found. This reduces to the usual dyonic giant magnon dispersion relation in the appropriate limit and becomes relativistic in another limit where the lambda model becomes the generalized sine-Gordon theory of the Pohlmeyer reduction. The scattering of giant magnons is then shown in the semi-classical limit to be described by the quantum S-matrix that is a quantum group deformation of the conventional giant magnon S-matrix. It is further shown that in the small g limit, a sector of the S-matrix is related to the XXZ spin chain whose spectrum matches the spectrum of magnon bound states.
description: 53 pages, 6 figures, final version to appear in JHEP
title: Assessing Post-Fire Revegetation Efforts in Box Elder County, Utah, Using the Rangeland Analysis Platform
Creators: name: Bryan, Rayce
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: After fires occur in western rangelands, land management agencies commonly perform vegetation treatments and reseeding projects. The West Box Elder Coordinated Resource Management Group expressed concern regarding the difficult process of determining outcomes from the many post-fire revegetation projects undertaken on rangeland of Box Elder County, Utah. This research attempted to compile and clarify the fire and treatment history of the county and produce an assessment of the outcomes from each unique post-fire treatment in West Box Elder County. Also produced was a database of post-fire revegetation outcomes in published literature.
Unique treatment polygons were identified and then subset according to the resistance/resilience ranking of the ecosystem where they were found. To assess treatment outcomes, the Rangeland Analysis Platform was used to show trends in different types of vegetation from satellite imagery. Formal effect size analyses were performed with the outputs of the Rangeland Analysis Platform. Effect size analyses measures the strength between to variables, in this case I measured what vegetation looked like before and after the treatments.
Mild successes in perennial establishment occurred across treatment types. Annual cover increased or was more closely dependent on pretreatment levels than treatment type. My results also indicate that time to recovery after fire may be longer than 15-years, especially when evaluating shrub response to post-fire treatments. My analysis reemphasized that, annual, perennial, and shrub responses to treatments are highly variable and depend on many factors besides treatment method and R&R classification alone.
A database of publications outlining post-fire revegetation outcomes was also compiled. This database was designed to help managers refamiliarize with and discover new literature regarding post-fire restoration techniques and outcomes. Literature focusing on specific outcomes of post-fire revegetation across rangelands of the great basin were assembled into this database. Categories of key words were assembled and used to describe each study and help facilitate specific managers queries.
From Hadronic Cross Section to the measurement of the Vacuum Polarization at KLOE: a fascinating endeavour
Creators: name: Venanzoni, Graziano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The KLOE experiment at the $ϕ-factory$ DA$Φ$NE in Frascati is the first to have employed Initial State Radiation (ISR) to precisely determine the $e^+e^-\toπ^+π^-(γ)$ cross section below 1 GeV. Such a measurement is particularly important to test the Standard Model (SM) calculation for the $(g-2)$ of the muon, where a long standing 3$σ$ discrepancy is observed. I will review the ISR activity in KLOE in the last 18 years from the measurement of the hadronic cross section to the first direct determination of the time-like complex running $α(s)$ in the region below 1 GeV.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of the KLOE-2 Workshop on e+e- collision physics at 1 GeV, 26-28 October 2016 INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Italy