cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thymic Dendritic Cell Subsets Display Distinct Efficiencies and Mechanisms of Intercellular MHC Transfer
Creators: name: Kroger, Charles J.
name: Spidale, Nicholas A.
name: Tisch, Roland
name: Wang, Bo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Thymic dendritic cells (DC) delete self-Ag-specific thymocytes, and drive development of FoxP3-expressing immunoregulatory T cells. Unlike medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC), which express and present peripheral self-Ag, DC must acquire self-Ag to mediate thymic negative selection. One such mechanism entails the transfer of surface MHC-self peptide complexes from mTEC to thymic DC. Despite the importance of thymic DC “cross-dressing” in negative selection, the factors that regulate the process, and the capacity of different thymic DC subsets to acquire MHC and stimulate thymocytes are poorly understood. Here intercellular MHC transfer by thymic DC subsets was studied using a MHC-mismatch-based in vitro system. Thymic conventional DC (cDC) subsets SIRPα+ and CD8α+ readily acquired MHC class I and II from TEC but plasmacytoid DC (pDC) were less efficient. Intercellular MHC transfer was donor cell-specific; thymic DC readily acquired MHC from TEC plus thymic or splenic DC, whereas thymic or splenic B cells were poor donors. Furthermore DC origin influenced cross-dressing; thymic versus splenic DC exhibited an increased capacity to capture TEC-derived MHC, which correlated with direct expression of EpCAM by DC. Despite similar capacities to acquire MHC-peptide complexes, thymic CD8α+ cDC elicited increased T cell stimulation relative to SIRPα+ cDC. DC cross-dressing was cell-contact dependent and unaffected by lipid raft disruption of donor TEC. Furthermore, blocking PI3K signaling reduced MHC acquisition by thymic CD8α+ cDC and pDC but not SIRPα+ cDC. These findings demonstrate that multiple parameters influence the efficiency of and distinct mechanisms drive intercellular MHC transfer by thymic DC subsets.
A hybrid Monte Carlo approach to the entanglement entropy of interacting fermions
Creators: name: Drut, Joaquín E.
name: Porter, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Monte Carlo calculation of Rényi entanglement entropies $S^{}_n$ of interacting fermions suffers from a well-known signal-to-noise problem, even for a large number of situations in which the infamous sign problem is absent. A few methods have been proposed to overcome this issue, such as ensemble switching and the use of auxiliary partition-function ratios. Here, we present an approach that builds on the recently proposed free-fermion decomposition method; it incorporates entanglement in the probability measure in a natural way; it takes advantage of the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm (an essential tool in lattice quantum chromodynamics and other gauge theories with dynamical fermions); and it does not suffer from noise problems. This method displays no sign problem for the same cases as other approaches and is therefore useful for a wide variety of systems. As a proof of principle, we calculate $S_2^{}$ for the one-dimensional, half-filled Hubbard model and compare with results from exact diagonalization and the free-fermion decomposition method.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Normevolution unter Berücksichtigung von Ergebnissen aus Forschung und Entwicklung
Creators: name: Thedens, Martin
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2019
Subjects: Explosionsschutz
Normen Evolution
IEC

description: Dies ist ein Beitrag für das 15. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik am 21. und 22. Mai 2019 bei der PTB in Braunschweig.
Two-port multimode interference reflectors based on aluminium mirrors in a thick SOI platform
Creators: name: Fandiño, Javier S.
name: Doménech, José D.
name: Muñoz, Pascual
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multimode interference reflectors (MIRs) were recently introduced as a new type of photonic integrated devices for on-chip, broadband light reflection. In the original proposal, different MIRs were demonstrated based on total internal reflection mirrors made of two deep-etched facets. Although simpler to fabricate, this approach imposes certain limits on the shape of the field pattern at the reflecting facets, which in turn restricts the types of MIRs that can be implemented. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the use of aluminium-based mirrors for the design of 2-port MIRs with variable reflectivity. These mirrors do not impose any restrictions on the incident field, and thus give more flexibility at the design stage. Different devices with reflectivities between~0~and~0.5 were fabricated in a 3~um thick SOI platform, and characterization of multiple dies was performed to extract statistical data about their performance. Our measurements show that, on average, losses both in the aluminium mirror and in the access waveguides reduce the reflectivities to about~79\% of their target value. Moreover, standard deviations lower than $\pm$5\% are obtained over a 20~nm wavelength range (1540-1560~nm). We also provide a theoretical modelling of the aluminium mirror based on the effective index method and Fresnel equations in multilayer thin films, which shows good agreement with FDTD simulations.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Irreversible decoherence of dipole interacting nuclear spins coupled with a phonon bath
Creators: name: Domínguez, F. D.
name: González, C. E.
name: Segnorile, H. H.
name: Zamar, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a first-principle theoretical study of the adiabatic decoherence undergone by a nuclear spin system in a solid, coupled to the phonon field through the dipolar interaction. The calculations are performed for a chain of weakly interacting 1/2-spin pairs, considered as an open quantum system in contact with a bosonic heat bath. By incorporating to the whole system Hamiltonian the fluctuations of the local dipolar energy produced by low frequency phonons, and assuming that this low energy fluctuations are adiabatic, we find that the spin dynamics can be described in closed form through a spin-boson model. The obtained results show that the coupling with the phonons destroy the spin coherence, and the efficiency of the process significantly depends on the complexity of the involved spin states. By using realistic values for the various parameters of the model, we conclude that this mechanism can be particularly efficient to degrade multi-spin coherences, when the number of `active' spins involved in a given coherence is high. In this way, we show that the spin coherence in the adiabatic regime can be noticeably affected by this mechanism.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Zündgefahren bei Annäherung elektrostatisch aufgeladener Flüssigkeitsoberflächen an metallische geerdete Einbauten im leitfähigen Behälter
Creators: name: Baumann, Florian
name: Himstedt, Matthias
name: Möckel, Dieter
name: Renken, Malte
name: Thedens, Martin
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2019
Subjects: Explosionsschutz
elektrostatische Ladung
große Volumina
Aufladung von Flüssigkeiten
Flüssigkeitsstrahlen

description: Dies ist ein Beitrag für das 15. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik am 21. und 22. Mai 2019 bei der PTB in Braunschweig.
description: Kurzfassung: Das Befüllen und Entleeren von Behältern mit Flüssigkeiten ist ein ladungserzeugender Prozess. Besonders bei strömenden Flüssigkeiten, die als isolierend / Flüssigkeit mit einer niedrigen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit einzustufen sind, kann es zu elektrostatischen Auf- und Entladungen kommen, die eine explosionsfähige Atmosphäre zünden könnten. Eine explosionsfähige Atmosphäre entsteht in Abhängigkeit des Dampfdrucks durch Ausgasungen entzündbarer Flüssigkeiten im Behälter. Untersucht wird, ob elektrostatische Gefährdungen beim Annähern der elektrostatisch aufgeladenen Flüssigkeitsoberfläche an Einbauten unterschiedlicher Geometrie vorliegen. Die Untersuchungen finden in einer 0,012 m3 Metallwanne und in einem 1 m3 Edelstahl IBC statt.
A Translational Pharmacology Approach to Predicting Outcomes of Preexposure Prophylaxis Against HIV in Men and Women Using Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate With or Without Emtricitabine
Creators: name: Cottrell, MacKenzie L.
name: White, Nicole
name: Patterson, Kristine B.
name: Wulff, Jacob
name: Prince, Heather M. A.
name: Dellon, Evan S.
name: Kashuba, Angela D. M.
name: Yang, Kuo H.
name: Madanick, Ryan D.
name: Shaheen, Nicholas J.
name: Malone, Stephanie
name: Sykes, Craig
name: Nelson, Julie A. E.
name: Hudgens, Michael G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Background. A novel translational pharmacology investigation was conducted by combining an in vitro efficacy target with mucosal tissue pharmacokinetic (PK) data and mathematical modeling to determine the number of doses required for effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
Degenerate Bose-Fermi mixtures of rubidium and ytterbium
Creators: name: Vaidya, Varun D.
name: Tiamsuphat, J.
name: Rolston, S. L.
name: Porto, J. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first realization of a quantum degenerate mixture of bosonic $^{87}$Rb and fermionic $^{171}$Yb atoms in a hybrid optical dipole trap with a tunable, species-dependent trapping potential. $^{87}$Rb is shown to be a viable refrigerant for the non-interacting $^{171}$Yb atoms, cooling up to $2.4 \times 10^5$ $^{171}$Yb atoms to a temperature of $T/T_F = 0.16(2) $ while simultaneously forming a $^{87}$Rb BEC of $3.5 \times 10^5$ atoms. Furthermore we demonstrate our ability to independently tailor the potentials for each species, which paves the way for studying impurities immersed in a Bose gas.
description: sumbitted to PRA 06-26-2015
Analysis of Factors Driving Incident and Ascending Infection and the Role of Serum Antibody in Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Tract Infection
Creators: name: Darville, Toni
name: Wiesenfeld, Harold C.
name: Zheng, Xiaojing
name: Zhong, Wujuan
name: O'connell, Catherine M.
name: Hillier, Sharon L.
name: Russell, Ali N.
name: Taylor, Brandie D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Background. Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection is a major cause of female reproductive morbidity. Risk factors for ascending infection are unknown, and the role for antibody in protection is not well established.
Quantum Key Distribution Using Qudits Each Encoding One Bit Of Raw Key
Creators: name: Chau, H. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All known qudit-based prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution (PM-QKD) schemes are more error resilient than their qubit-based counterparts. Their high error resiliency comes partly from the careful encoding of multiple bits of signals used to generate the raw key in each transmitted qudit so that the same eavesdropping attempt causes a higher bit error rate (BER) in the raw key. Here I show that highly error-tolerant PM-QKD schemes can be constructed simply by encoding one bit of classical information in each transmitted qudit in the form $(|i\rangle\pm|j\rangle)/\sqrt{2}$, where $|i\rangle$'s form an orthonormal basis of the $2^n$-dimensional Hilbert space. Moreover, I prove that these schemes can tolerate up to the theoretical maximum of 50\% BER for $n\ge 2$ provided that the raw key is generated under a certain technical condition, making them the most error-tolerant PM-QKD schemes involving the transmission of unentangled finite-dimensional qudits to date. This shows the potential of processing quantum information using lower-dimensional quantum signals encoded in a higher-dimensional quantum state.
description: minor revision, 5 pages, to appear in PRA
Animal Models of Chikungunya Virus Infection and Disease
Creators: name: Hawman, David W.
name: Haese, Nicole N.
name: Streblow, Daniel N.
name: Broeckel, Rebecca M.
name: Heise, Mark T.
name: Morrison, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging alphavirus that causes acute febrile illness and severe joint pain in humans. Although acute symptoms often resolve within a few days, chronic joint and muscle pain can be long lasting. In the last decade, CHIKV has caused widespread outbreaks of unprecedented scale in the Americas, Asia, and the Indian Ocean island regions. Despite these outbreaks and the continued expansion of CHIKV into new areas, mechanisms of chikungunya pathogenesis and disease are not well understood. Experimental animal models are indispensable to the field of CHIKV research. The most commonly used experimental animal models of CHIKV infection are mice and nonhuman primates; each model has its advantages for studying different aspects of CHIKV disease. This review will provide an overview of animal models used to study CHIKV infection and disease and major advances in our understanding of chikungunya obtained from studies performed in these models.
Simulation of Explosion Hazards in Powder Flows
Creators: name: Großhans, Holger
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2019
Subjects: explosion protection
particle-laden flows
pafiX

description: Dies ist ein Beitrag für das 15. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik am 21. und 22. Mai 2019 bei der PTB in Braunschweig.
description: Conveying of powders gives rise to hazards to the operational safety of industrial facilities which caused numerous dust explosions in the past. The underlying physical mechanisms are often complex, inter-disciplinary, challenging to observe experimentally, and, thus, not well understood. To facilitate thorough theoretical analysis we have developed a computational tool whichfocuses specifically on the modeling of processes which may lead to ignition sources. This involves in particular the triboelectric charging of particles and piping components and the formation of deposits on surfaces. The first version of the resulting tool, called pafiX, was recently released for free download on the PTB website.
Explosionsschutz als Herausforderung für portable IT-Endgeräte
Creators: name: Losch, Marius
name: Stein, Annika
name: Horn, Thomas
name: Lienesch, Frank
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2019
Subjects: Explosionsschutz
IT-Endgeräte
Lithium-Ionen
Gefährdungsanalyse
Schutzkonzeptbewertung

description: Dies ist ein Beitrag für das 15. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik am 21. und 22. Mai 2019 bei der PTB in Braunschweig.
description: Die Umsetzung der digitalen Transformation im Zuge Industrie 4.0 macht auch im Bereich der Prozesstechnik den Einsatz portabler IT-Endgeräte notwendig. Dabei werden an die Produkte hohe Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Leistungsfähigkeit, der Zuverlässigkeit und des Explosionsschutzes gestellt. Im Zuge des Forschungsprojektes sollen in Kooperation mit der NAMUR Studien zur Beurteilung von Schutzkonzepten durchgeführt werden. Dazu wurde eine erste Gefährdungsbeurteilung der wirksamen Zündquellen port. IT-Endgeräte durchgeführt. Zur Erlangung von Kenntnissen über den Stand der Technik zum Explosionsschutz diente eine Marktstudie. Hier wurden besondere Herausforderungen für Hersteller explosionsgeschützter port. IT-Endgeräte identifiziert. In Zuge der Marktstudie fand eine erste Bewertung der verwendeten Schutzkonzepte statt. Als Schwerpunkt erfolgte eine Darstellung der Lithium-Ionen-Technologie. Für diese Energiespeicher konnte aufgrund unzureichender verfügbarer Daten noch keine abschließende Gefährdungsbeurteilung erfolgen. Es wurden erste Konzepte für einen Batterieprüfstand entwickelt und teilweise umgesetzt, um über experimentelle Versuche die Basis für eine Bewertung der Zündgefahr schaffen zu können.
Multivariate Covariance Generalized Linear Models
Creators: name: Bonat, Wagner Hugo
name: Jørgensen, Bent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a general framework for non-normal multivariate data analysis called multivariate covariance generalized linear models (McGLMs), designed to handle multivariate response variables, along with a wide range of temporal and spatial correlation structures defined in terms of a covariance link function combined with a matrix linear predictor involving known matrices. The method is motivated by three data examples that are not easily handled by existing methods. The first example concerns multivariate count data, the second involves response variables of mixed types, combined with repeated measures and longitudinal structures, and the third involves a spatio-temporal analysis of rainfall data. The models take non-normality into account in the conventional way by means of a variance function, and the mean structure is modelled by means of a link function and a linear predictor. The models are fitted using an efficient Newton scoring algorithm based on quasi-likelihood and Pearson estimating functions, using only second-moment assumptions. This provides a unified approach to a wide variety of different types of response variables and covariance structures, including multivariate extensions of repeated measures, time series, longitudinal, spatial and spatio-temporal structures.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Continued Slow Decay of the Residual Plasma Viremia Level in HIV-1 – Infected Adults Receiving Long-term Antiretroviral Therapy
Creators: name: Bosch, Ronald J.
name: Gandhi, Rajesh T.
name: Vaida, Florin
name: Bedison, Margaret
name: Aga, Evgenia
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Riddler, Sharon A.
name: Bastow, Barbara
name: Mellors, John W.
name: Vagratian, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: We measured plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels by means of single-copy assay in 334 participants receiving virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). A residual viremia load of ≥1 copy/mL after 4 years of ART was predicted by a higher pre-ART HIV-1 RNA level, higher CD8+ T-cell count during treatment, and a lower ratio of CD4+ T cells to CD8+ T cells during treatment but not by initial ART regimen. In a longitudinal subset of 64 individuals, continued decay of the plasma HIV-1 RNA level was observed, with an average annual decrease of 6% and an estimated half-life of 11.5 years. In contrast to prior reports, the persistent viremia level continues to slowly decline during years 4–12 of suppressive ART.
Dissecting antibodies induced by a chimeric yellow fever-dengue, live-attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in naïve and dengue exposed individuals
Creators: name: Henein, Sandra
name: Jackson, Nicholas
name: Baric, Ralph
name: Byers, Anthony M.
name: Bonaparte, Matthew
name: Shaik, S. Farzana
name: De Silva, Aravinda M.
name: Swanstrom, Jesica
name: Guy, Bruno
name: Moser, Janice M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Sanofi Pasteur has developed a chimeric yellow fever-dengue, live-attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) that is currently approved for use in several countries. In clinical trials, CYD-TDV was efficacious at reducing laboratory-confirmed cases of dengue disease. Efficacy varied by dengue virus (DENV) serotype and pre-vaccination dengue immune status. We compared the properties of antibodies in naïve and DENV exposed individuals who received CYD-TDV. We depleted specific populations of DENV-reactive antibodies from immune sera to estimate the contribution of serotype-cross reactive and type-specific antibodies to neutralization. Subjects with no pre-existing immunity to DENV developed neutralizing antibodies to all 4 serotypes of DENV. Further analysis demonstrated that DENV4 was mainly neutralized by type-specific antibodies whereas DENV1, 2 and 3 were mainly neutralized by serotype cross-reactive antibodies. When subjects who had pre-existing immunity to DENV were vaccinated, they developed higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to naïve subjects who were vaccinated. In pre-immune subjects CYD-TDV boosted cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies, while maintaining type-specific neutralizing antibodies acquired before vaccination. Our results demonstrate that the quality of neutralizing antibodies induced by CYD-TDV varies depending on DENV serotype and previous immune status. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding vaccine efficacy.
Ipomoea cordillerae J. R. I. Wood & Scotland 2017
Creators: name: Chocarro, María Del Carmen Peña
name: Egea, Juana De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea
Ipomoea cordillerae

description: Ipomoea cordillerae J.R.I.Wood & Scotland, Kew Bull. 72(1)-9: 11. 2017.
Subshrub.
 Vouchers: Cordillera: Balansa 4391, type (G, P); Hassler 1903 (K, P). Guairá: Hassler 8714 (GH). Paraguarí: Hassler 285 (BM, K, P).
description: Published as part of Chocarro, María Del Carmen Peña & Egea, Juana De, 2018, Checklist of the endemic vascular plants of Paraguay, pp. 448-450 in Phytotaxa 384 (1) on pages 448-450, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.384.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13725946
Diversity and Tropism of HIV-1 Rebound Virus Populations in Plasma Level After Treatment Discontinuation
Creators: name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Frank, Ian
name: Zhou, Shuntai
name: Jacobson, Jeffrey M.
name: Swanstrom, Ronald
name: Bednar, Maria M.
name: Hauser, Blake M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Human immunodeficiency virus–infected people discontinuing therapy experience a rebound in the virus level (hereafter, “rebound virus”) from a persistent reservoir. We examined 10 samples from patients in AIDS Clinical Trials Group study A5068 with rebound virus, using single-genome amplification and Primer ID deep sequencing, to assess env genetic diversity of the virus population. Most rebound-virus populations showed significant diversity. All env examined required high levels of CD4 for entry, consistent with selection of replication in CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that most people discontinuing therapy release a diverse population of virus and that this released virus has entry features of virus selected for replication in CD4+ T cells, rather than in myeloid cells.
Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktische Ansätze in den Polnisch-, Russisch-, und Tschechischkursen des Sprachenzentrums der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Creators: name: Rutzen, Katharina Mechthild
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: slawische Mehrsprachigkeit
subject: sprachenübergreifendes Lernen
subject: sprachübergreifende Workshops
subject: Tertiärsprachendidaktik
subject: Interkomprehension
subject: slavic multilingualism
subject: cross-linguistic learning
subject: multilingual workshops
subject: didactics of tertiary languages
subject: intercomprehension
subject: 400 Sprache

description: Mehrsprachigkeit bedeutet einen grundlegenden Perspektivenwechsel im Hinblick auf das Sprachenlernen: Die "monolingualen Norm" tritt in den Hintergrund zugunsten vielfältiger und sprachenübergreifender Lernerfahrungen. Diese Masterarbeit ist in Zusammenarbeit mit der Abteilung Slawische Sprachen des Sprachenzentrums der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin entstanden, wo die Lehre in den angebotenen slawischen Sprachen Polnisch, Russisch und Tschechisch vernetzt werden sollte. Das Ziel bestand darin, die Studierenden für Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den slawischen Sprachen zu sensibilisieren und aufzuzeigen, dass bei guten Kenntnissen in einer slawischen Sprache mit vergleichsweise wenig Aufwand rezeptive Kompetenzen in einer weiteren erworben werden können. Zu diesem Zweck wurden sprachübergreifende Workshops entwickelt, durchgeführt und mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens evaluiert. Die theoretischen Grundlagen lieferten die Tertiärsprachendidaktik, die Interkomprehension sowie weitere Ansätze der Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktik und des sprachenübergreifenden Lehrens und Lernens. Zudem flossen Ergebnisse aus der Sprachwissenschaft, der Spracherwerbsforschung und der psycholinguistischen Forschung mit ein.
description: Multilingualism brings about a change of perspective regarding language learning: The "monolingual norm" becomes less important and the focus is more on diverse cross-lingustic learning experiencies. This master's thesis is the result of a collaboration with the language centre at the Humboldt-University in Berlin. The aim was to build a link between Polish, Russian and Czech languages courses, to show students, that there are many similarities between these slavic languages and that they can easily develop receptive language competence in other slavic languages if they already know one. For this purpose, multilingual workshops were developed, carried out and evaluated with questionnaires. The theoretical framework consisted of concepts taken from the didactics of tertiary languages, intercomprehension and other didactic concepts of multi- and plurilingualism. Results from linguistic and psycholinguistic studies on language acquisition were also taken into account.
Field of a moving locked charge as applied to beam-beam interactions in storage rings
Creators: name: Silenko, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the Lorentz transformation cannot in general be formally applied to potentials and fields of particles locked in a certain region. In particular, this property relates to nucleons in nuclei and to particles and nuclei in storage rings. Even if they move with high velocities, their electric fields are defined by the Coulomb law. The result obtained is rather important for the planned deuteron electric-dipole-moment experiment in storage rings.
description: 9 pages, final version
Ebola Virus Shedding and Transmission: Review of Current Evidence
Creators: name: Kaiser, Laurent
name: Jacobs, Michael
name: Schibler, Manuel
name: Fischer, William A.
name: Bausch, Daniel G.
name: Vetter, Pauline
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: The magnitude of the 2013-2016 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa was unprecedented, with >28 500 reported cases and >11 000 deaths. Understanding the key elements of Ebola virus transmission is necessary to implement adequate infection prevention and control measures to protect healthcare workers and halt transmission in the community.

METHODS: We performed an extensive PubMed literature review encompassing the period from discovery of Ebola virus, in 1976, until 1 June 2016 to evaluate the evidence on modes of Ebola virus shedding and transmission.

FINDINGS: Ebola virus has been isolated by cell culture from blood, saliva, urine, aqueous humor, semen, and breast milk from infected or convalescent patients. Ebola virus RNA has been noted in the following body fluids days or months after onset of illness: saliva (22 days), conjunctiva/tears (28 days), stool (29 days), vaginal fluid (33 days), sweat (44 days), urine (64 days), amniotic fluid (38 days), aqueous humor (101 days), cerebrospinal fluid (9 months), breast milk (16 months [preliminary data]), and semen (18 months). Nevertheless, the only documented cases of secondary transmission from recovered patients have been through sexual transmission. We did not find strong evidence supporting respiratory or fomite-associated transmission.
title: Evidence for a modulating effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on salivary alpha-amylase as indirect noradrenergic marker: A pooled mega-analysis
Creators: name: Giraudier, Manon
name: Ventura-Bort, Carlos
name: Burger, Andreas M.
name: Claes, Nathalie
name: D'Agostini, Martina
name: Fischer, Rico
name: Franssen, Mathijs
name: Kaess, Michael
name: Koenig, Julian
name: Liepelt, Roman
name: Nieuwenhuis, Sander
name: Sommer, Aldo
name: Usichenko, Taras
name: Van Diest, Ilse
name: von Leupoldt, Andreas
name: Warren, Christopher Michael
name: Weymar, Mathias
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has received tremendous attention as a potential neuromodulator of cognitive and affective functions, which likely exerts its effects via activation of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. Reliable effects of taVNS on markers of LC-NA system activity, however, have not been demonstrated yet. Methods The aim of the present study was to overcome previous limitations by pooling raw data from a large sample of ten taVNS studies (371 healthy participants) that collected salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a potential marker of central NA release. Results While a meta-analytic approach using summary statistics did not yield any significant effects, linear mixed model analyses showed that afferent stimulation of the vagus nerve via taVNS increased sAA levels compared to sham stimulation (b = 0.16, SE = 0.05, p = 0.001). When considering potential confounders of sAA, we further replicated previous findings on the diurnal trajectory of sAA activity. Conclusion(s) Vagal activation via taVNS increases sAA release compared to sham stimulation, which likely substantiates the assumption that taVNS triggers NA release. Moreover, our results highlight the benefits of data pooling and data sharing in order to allow stronger conclusions in research.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe; 808
Epidemic History and Iatrogenic Transmission of Blood-borne Viruses in Mid-20th Century Kinshasa
Creators: name: Yengo-Ki-Ngimbi, Andre-Édouard
name: Cassar, Olivier
name: Ilunga, Vicky
name: Pybus, Oliver G.
name: Dion, Marie-Josee
name: Frost, Eric H.
name: Behets, Frieda
name: Rambaut, Andrew
name: Giroux, Geneviève
name: Pepin, Jacques
name: Hogan, Catherine A.
name: Iles, James
name: Gessain, Antoine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic was ignited in Léopoldville (now known as Kinshasa), in the former Belgian Congo. Factors that jump-started its early expansion remain unclear. Nonlethal hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) can be used to investigate past iatrogenic transmission.

METHODS: We undertook a cross-sectional study of elderly inhabitants of Kinshasa, with serological assays, amplification, and sequencing. Risk factors were assessed through logistic regression. Phylogenetic methods reconstructed the genetic history of HCV.

RESULTS: A total of 217 of 839 participants (25.9%) were HCV seropositive; 26 (3.1%) were HTLV-1-seropositive. Amplification products were obtained from 118 HCV-seropositive participants; subtypes 4k (in 47 participants) and 4r (in 38) were most common. Independent risk factors for HCV subtype 4r seropositivity were intramuscular tuberculosis therapy, intravenous injections at hospital A, intravenous injections before 1960, and injections at a colonial-era venereology clinic. Intravenous injections at hospital B and antimalarials were associated with HCV subtype 4k seropositivity. Risk factors for HTLV-1 seropositivity included intravenous injections at hospitals C or D and transfusions. Evolutionary analysis of viral sequences revealed independent exponential amplification of HCV subtypes 4r and 4k from the 1950s onward.

CONCLUSIONS: Iatrogenic transmission of HCV and HTLV-1 occurred in mid-20th century Kinshasa, at the same time and place HIV-1 emerged. Iatrogenic routes may have contributed to the early establishment of the pandemic.
Ipomoea estrellensis O'Donell, Arq. Mus. Paranaense
Creators: name: Chocarro, María Del Carmen Peña
name: Egea, Juana De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea
Ipomoea estrellensis

description: Ipomoea estrellensis O’Donell, Arq. Mus. Paranaense 9: 220. 1952.
Subshrub.
 Vouchers: Amambay: Hassler & Rojas 10052 (BM, G, K); Hassler 9819 (BM); Rojas 6260, type (LIL); Rojas 6362 (LIL).
description: Published as part of Chocarro, María Del Carmen Peña & Egea, Juana De, 2018, Checklist of the endemic vascular plants of Paraguay, pp. 448-450 in Phytotaxa 384 (1) on pages 448-450, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.384.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13725946
Ein Ansatz zur Festlegung der Sperrzeiten nach einer Motorschutzauslösung bei explosionsgeschützten Antrieben
Creators: name: Lehrmann, Christian
name: Dreger, Uwe
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2019
Subjects: Explosionsschutz
Temperaturklassen
Motorabschaltung
Schutzkonzeptbewertung
Abkühlverhalten

description: Dies ist ein Beitrag für das 15. BAM-PTB-Kolloquium zur chemischen und physikalischen Sicherheitstechnik am 21. und 22. Mai 2019 bei der PTB in Braunschweig.
description: Bei explosionsgeschützten Antrieben der Kategorie 2 kommt neben der Funktionalität, dem zuverlässigen Betrieb und den Sicherheitsaspekten auch bei vorhersehbaren Störungen eine sehr große Bedeutung zu. Bei elektrischen Maschinen sind der Überlastfall und der Blockierfall derartige vorhersehbare Störungen, bei deren Auftreten der Antrieb gemäß Richtlinie 2014/34/EU abgeschaltet werden muss wenn mit dem Auftreten unzulässiger Temperaturen zu rechnen ist. Das Ziel des Betreiber des Antriebes ist es dann, den Antrieb möglichst schnell wieder in Betrieb nehmen zu können. Hierbei sind jedoch ausreichend lange Abkühlzeiten vor der Wiedereinschaltung einzuhalten. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages werden ein mögliches Vorgehen zur Bestimmung der minimalen Abkühlzeiten aufgezeigt und die bisher vorliegenden Ergebnisse vorgestellt.
Community Social Responsibility of continued and appropriate use of Silver Amalgam as dental restorative material in Southern India
Creators: name: Nayak, Prajna
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Background: Since more than 150 years, dental amalgam (DA) is popular as a restorative material. Many organisations yet oppose its use due to perceived toxicity and environmental concerns. Hence, this study aimed to explore the continued use of DA from South Indian dental practitioner’s perspective. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among fifty-two private and public dental practitioners of Udupi district in Southern India. A self‑administered questionnaire was distributed, that involved assessment of their preferences, continuation of use and concerns of using DA as a restorative material. Percentage contribution of each variable was calculated. Preferences for continuation of use of silver amalgam based upon the age, experience and mercury toxicity as a risk factor were analysed using Students-t test and Chi-square test. Results: Majority of dentists were satisfied (87%), found minimal failures (96%) and found DA more economical (89%). More than half (54%) of the participants reported that they would not continue the use of DA owing to mercury toxicity and environmental concerns. Dentists with higher age and longer clinical experience preferred continuation of DA. Conclusion: In spite of satisfaction with DA for its minimal failure, longevity and affordability, authors found that a majority of practitioners did not prefer its continued usage. This highlights their concerns over mercury toxicity and soft tissue lesions and accentuates their community social responsibility. There is also an urgent need to educate dentists on mercury hygiene, mercury waste management and disposal.
Flavor Changing Heavy Higgs Interactions at the LHC
Creators: name: Altunkaynak, Baris
name: Hou, Wei-Shu
name: Kao, Chung
name: Kohda, Masaya
name: McCoy, Brent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) is adopted to study the signature of flavor changing neutral Higgs (FCNH) decay $ϕ^0 \to t\bar{c}+\bar{t}c$, where $ϕ^0$ could be a CP-even scalar ($H^0$) or a CP-odd pseudoscalar ($A^0$). Measurement of the light 125 GeV neutral Higgs boson ($h^0$) couplings at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) favor the decoupling limit or the alignment limit of a 2HDM, in which gauge boson and diagonal fermion couplings of $h^0$ approach Standard Model values. In such limit, FCNH couplings of $h^0$ are naturally suppressed by a small mixing parameter $\cos(β-α)$, while the off-diagonal couplings of heavier neutral scalars $ϕ^0$ are sustained by $\sin(β-α) \sim 1$. We study physics background from dominant processes with realistic acceptance cuts and tagging efficiencies. Promising results are found for the LHC running at 13 or 14 TeV collision energies.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Lett. B
History of AIDS in HIV-Infected Patients Is Associated With Higher In-Hospital Mortality Following Admission for Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke
Creators: name: Federspiel, Jerome J.
name: Fowler, Vance G.
name: Okeke, Nwora Lance
name: McKellar, Mehri S.
name: Hicks, Charles B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Background. Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected persons are at increased risk for major cardiovascular events, short-term prognosis after these events is unclear.
title: NOVA Contemporary Music Journal, Volume 2
title: Composing Music Today
titleType: Subtitle
title: International Conference Proceedings
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Pires, Isabel
name: Magalhães, Filipa
name: Wanke, Riccardo
Publisher: name: CESEM
Year: 2022

description: What does composing music mean today? What is the role of the composer in today’s musical world? Can we continue to talk about “composing music” in every situation of musical creation? Or should we consider recourse to other expressions? What is the composition process in the case of museum exhibitions, or installations? Can a sound artist be considered a composer of music? Is the creation of sound art a form of musical composition? Furthermore, can real-time coding or free improvisation be considered forms of instantaneous musical composition? In a world where technological means make musical creation accessible to all, what is the role of the “traditional composer”? Music is today more diverse than ever before. The range of genres, practices, techniques and technologies, forms of dissemination and reception have changed the way in which music is composed. Music is now almost omnipresent in our society spanning concert halls, museums, digital media, as well as public and private spaces. For each of these listening situations, someone conceives and composes the music, creating the sound and organizing the musical discourse through means of a diversity of approaches, knowledge and technologies. All of these means are crucial given their influences over the final outputs.
description: Pires, I., Magalhães, F., Wanke, R. (Eds.). (2022). Composing Music Today; Nova Contemporary Music Journal (Vol. 2). Centro de Estudos de Sociologia e Estética Musical, Lisbon. ISSN 2795-4803.
title: Bayesian inference and Monte Carlo methods for directional data
Creators: name: Salvador, Sara
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematics

description: This thesis deals with directional distributions, hence distributions defined
over Rp. We will consider in details the case of circular distributions,
i.e. directional distributions in R2. We will focus on the study of an extension
of the von Mises distribution (vM), namely the generalized von Mises
distribution of order two (GvM2, or simply GvM). This distribution allows
higher flexibility in terms of asymmetry and bimodality than the vM distribution.
Two Bayesian tests are computed on the GvM. The first test
concerns the symmetry of the GvM. Inference on symmetry is made via
Bayes factors. A real circular data case is considered. The second test concerns
the bimodality of the GvM. The problem is reduced to the study of
the real roots of a quartic whose coefficients depend on the parameters of
the model. A detailed analysis of the quartic is given and a region W of
parameters that are associated to bimodality is obtained. Then, inference
on bimodality is made via Bayes factors and via highest posterior density
(HPD) credible sets. We use Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods (MCMC)
to compute posterior probabilities of bimodality. Conclusions confirm that,
when data are in accordance with the null hypotheses, Bayes factors are typically
large. On the other hand, the HPD credible set is entirely contained
inside W and bimodality is confirmed.
Moreover, in this thesis we consider directional distributions over the
unit sphere Sp−1 of Rp. These are called spherical distributions and here we
manly focus on the generalized von Mises-Fisher (GvMF) distribution. This
is an extension of the von Mises-Fisher distribution (vMF). We will give two
methods to generate random variables from the GvMF using a conditional
acceptance-rejection method and the Metropolis Hastings algorithm.
Ipomoea itapuensis J. R. I. Wood & R. Degen, Kew
Creators: name: Chocarro, María Del Carmen Peña
name: Egea, Juana De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea
Ipomoea itapuensis

description: Ipomoea itapuensis J.R.I.Wood & R.Degen, Kew Bulletin 71: 25. 2016.
Herb.
 Vouchers: Caazapá: Jiménez BJ 208 (FCQ); Pavetti s.n (SCP); Vera 167 (FCQ). Itapúa: Caballero Marmori 3906 (MBM); Jörgensen 4662, type (F, GH, S, US); Parra et al. 116 (FCQ).
description: Published as part of Chocarro, María Del Carmen Peña & Egea, Juana De, 2018, Checklist of the endemic vascular plants of Paraguay, pp. 448-450 in Phytotaxa 384 (1) on pages 448-450, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.384.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13725946
Entangled optical state creation and characterization
Creators: name: Ko, Gabriel D. J.
name: 0000-0001-7266-5739
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Quantum optics
Parametric down conversion
Quantum physics

description: We describe a typical type-I phasematched Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) crystal setup and characterize the quality of the source as a function of state fidelity and strength of Bell's inequality violation. Experimental results show a Bell statistic of 2.23 with a fidelity of 0.745 with the theoretical φ+ Bell state through 5m of single-mode (SM) fiber.
title: Integrated workflows for carbohydrate analysis - artificial glycoconjugates as tools for glycan analysis
Creators: name: Hancox, Oliver G.A.
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2025

description: Glycosylation refers to the post-translational modification of biological molecules to introduce ornate saccharide structures. Glycans have been linked to varying functions within biological systems ranging from cell stabilisation and adhesion, to host-pathogen interactions and cell messaging. Glycosylation can, therefore, have a significant effect upon the activity or viability of a glycosylated biomolecule. The recent growth in the development of protein based biotherapeutics has also resulted in a rapid increase in the development of tools to understand glycan structure and function. Analysis of glycan structures provides significant analytical challenges, attributed to their high hydrophilicity and lack of optically active regions. To overcome these challenges, derivatisation workflows are commonly employed to modify glycan structure in order to incorporate moieties which facilitate analysis. The work described in this thesis contributes to this area by focusing on the development and application of a series of novel multifunctional labelling strategies that enable modification of the reducing end of glycans using reductive amination. These strategies used derivatives of the commercially available labels 2- aminobenzamide and procainamide. Three multifunctional labels containing additional functionality in the form of a terminal alkyne were prepared. These labels were then compared with commercially available derivatives demonstrating they exhibited comparable Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography separation, over similar reaction times, to the commercial derivatives. These workflows were then applied for the multifunctional derivatisation of carbohydrates released from biological sources, and showed comparable separation could be achieved, and sialylation remained intact. This demonstrated that multifunctional labels can be successfully applied to glycan profiling workflows while maintaining further downstream capability. The downstream capability was then investigated though Cu(I) catalysed triazole formation between the multifunctionally labelled carbohydrate and azide conjugation partners. This was achieved though conjugation of labelled heptasaccharide to a library of azides ranging in non-polar surface area aimed at increasing hydrophobicity to impact ionisation efficiency in ESI-Mass spectrometry applications. This demonstrated that the analytical sensitivity for detection of low abundance carbohydrates was possible following reversed phase separation and detection by tandem mass spectrometry. This work therefore paves the way for the structural elucidation of undefined low abundance glycan species. Moreover the use of picomlar scale Cu(I) catalysed triazole formation on biologically derived carbohydrate provides a route towards the generation of neo-glycoconjugates enabling the further illumination of carbohydrate interactions on biological systems.
HIV-1-RNA Decay and Dolutegravir Concentrations in Semen of Patients Starting a First Antiretroviral Regimen
Creators: name: Imaz, Arkaitz
name: Curto, Jordi
name: Ouchi, Dan
name: Rozas, Nerea
name: Podzamczer, Daniel
name: Kashuba, Angela D. M.
name: Ferrer, Elena
name: Niubó, Jordi
name: Acerete, Laura
name: Sykes, Craig
name: Vila, Antonia
name: Martinez-Picado, Javier
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Background. The objective of this study was to quantify human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 RNA decay and dolutegravir (DTG) concentrations in the semen of HIV-infected patients receiving DTG-based first-line therapy.