cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Iterative Surrogate Model Optimization (ISMO): An active learning algorithm for PDE constrained optimization with deep neural networks
Creators: name: Lye, Kjetil O.
name: Mishra, Siddhartha
name: Ray, Deep
name: Chandrasekhar, Praveen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a novel active learning algorithm, termed as iterative surrogate model optimization (ISMO), for robust and efficient numerical approximation of PDE constrained optimization problems. This algorithm is based on deep neural networks and its key feature is the iterative selection of training data through a feedback loop between deep neural networks and any underlying standard optimization algorithm. Under suitable hypotheses, we show that the resulting optimizers converge exponentially fast (and with exponentially decaying variance), with respect to increasing number of training samples. Numerical examples for optimal control, parameter identification and shape optimization problems for PDEs are provided to validate the proposed theory and to illustrate that ISMO significantly outperforms a standard deep neural network based surrogate optimization algorithm.
Visualizing Risk Premiums in Commodity Futures Markets
Creators: name: Bozic, Marin
name: Fortenbery, T. Randall
name: Bozic, Marin
name: Fortenbery, T. Randall
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Replaced with revised version of poster 07/21/10.
Electron drift orbits in crossed electromagnetic fields and the quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Kramer, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical drift motion of electrons in crossed electric and magnetic fields provides an interesting example of a system with an on average constant velocity -- despite the presence of an electric field. This drift-velocity depends solely on the ratio of the electric and magnetic fields and not on the initial momentum of the electron. The present work describes the quantum-mechanical version of this drift-motion, which differs drastically from the classical result: The drift becomes dependent on the energy and a quantization of the transport occurs. The results bear implications for the theory of the quantum Hall effect: Current theories neglect the electric Hall-field (which is perpendicular to a magnetic field) and thus do not include the quantization due to the crossed-field geometry. I will discuss why it is not possible to eliminate the electric field and how one can explain the quantization in crossed fields in a semiclassical picture. These results make it possible to construct an alternative theory of the quantum Hall effect.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures Slightly updated version, of the book version
Emergence of polarized ideological opinions in multidimensional topic spaces
Creators: name: Baumann, Fabian
name: Lorenz-Spreen, Philipp
name: Sokolov, Igor M.
name: Starnini, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Opinion polarization is on the rise, causing concerns for the openness of public debates. Additionally, extreme opinions on different topics often show significant correlations. The dynamics leading to these polarized ideological opinions pose a challenge: How can such correlations emerge, without assuming them a priori in the individual preferences or in a preexisting social structure? Here we propose a simple model that qualitatively reproduces ideological opinion states found in survey data, even between rather unrelated, but sufficiently controversial, topics. Inspired by skew coordinate systems recently proposed in natural language processing models, we solidify these intuitions in a formalism of opinions unfolding in a multidimensional space where topics form a non-orthogonal basis. Opinions evolve according to the social interactions among the agents, which are ruled by homophily: two agents sharing similar opinions are more likely to interact. The model features phase transitions between a global consensus, opinion polarization, and ideological states. Interestingly, the ideological phase emerges by relaxing the assumption of an orthogonal basis of the topic space, i.e. if topics thematically overlap. Furthermore, we analytically and numerically show that these transitions are driven by the controversialness of the topics discussed, the more controversial the topics, the more likely are opinion to be correlated. Our findings shed light upon the mechanisms driving the emergence of ideology in the formation of opinions.
description: 30 pages, 21 figures
Localization in disordered superconducting wires with broken spin-rotation symmetry
Creators: name: Gruzberg, Ilya A.
name: Read, N.
name: Vishveshwara, Smitha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Localization and delocalization of non-interacting quasiparticle states in a superconducting wire are reconsidered, for the cases in which spin-rotation symmetry is absent, and time-reversal symmetry is either broken or unbroken; these are referred to as symmetry classes BD and DIII, respectively. We show that, if a continuum limit is taken to obtain a Fokker-Planck (FP) equation for the transfer matrix, as in some previous work, then when there are more than two scattering channels, all terms that break a certain symmetry are lost. It was already known that the resulting FP equation exhibits critical behavior. The additional symmetry is not required by the definition of the symmetry classes; terms that break it arise from non-Gaussian probability distributions, and may be kept in a generalized FP equation. We show that they lead to localization in a long wire. When the wire has more than two scattering channels, these terms are irrelevant at the short distance (diffusive or ballistic) fixed point, but as they are relevant at the long-distance critical fixed point, they are termed dangerously irrelevant. We confirm the results in a supersymmetry approach for class BD, where the additional terms correspond to jumps between the two components of the sigma model target space. We consider the effect of random $π$ fluxes, which prevent the system localizing. We show that in one dimension the transitions in these two symmetry classes, and also those in the three chiral symmetry classes, all lie in the same universality class.
Suppressed Leidenfrost phenomenon during impact of elastic fluid droplets
Creators: name: Dhar, Purbarun
name: Mishra, Soumya Ranjan
name: Gairola, Ajay
name: Samanta, Devranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present article highlights the role of non-Newtonian (elastic) effects on the droplet impact phenomenology at temperatures considerably higher than the boiling point, especially at or above the Leidenfrost regime. The Leidenfrost point (LFP) was found to decrease with increase in the impact Weber number (based on velocity just before the impact) for fixed polymer (Polyacrylamide, PAAM) concentrations. Water droplets fragmented at very low Weber numbers (~22), whereas the polymer droplets resisted fragmentation at much higher Weber numbers (~155). We also varied the polymer concentration and observed that till 1000 ppm, the LFP was higher compared to water. This signifies that the effect can be delayed by the use of elastic fluids. We have showed the possible role of elastic effects (manifested by the formation of long lasting filaments) during retraction in the improvement of the LFP. However for 1500 ppm, LFP was lower than water, but with similar residence time during initial impact. In addition, we studied the role of Weber number and viscoelastic effects on the rebound behaviour at 405o C. We observed that the critical Weber number till which the droplet resisted fragmentation at 405o C increased with the polymer concentration. In addition, for a fixed Weber number, the droplet rebound height and the hovering time period increased up to 500 ppm, and then decreased. Similarly, for fixed polymer concentrations like 1000 and 1500 ppm, the rebound height showed an increasing trend up to certain a certain Weber number and then decreased. This non-monotonic behaviour of rebound heights was attributed to the observed diversion of rebound kinetic energy to rotational energy during the hovering phase.
Agriculture for Food and Nutrition Security: A Must For Achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Africa
Creators: name: Dittoh, Saa
name: Abizari, Abdul-Razak
name: Akuriba, Margaret A.
name: Dittoh, Saa
name: Abizari, Abdul-Razak
name: Akuriba, Margaret A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) underscore an overriding importance of human development for sustained economic, social, political and other development, and nutrition is the beginning of human development. Nutrition has, however, not been viewed as a development imperative in many African countries. Agricultural and health policies, projects and programmes and the conduct of agricultural and health research in most African countries do not consider nutrition to any significant degree. The paper argues that food production, poverty, malnutrition and health are very intricately linked and the result of that linkage is probably the most important determinant of development and, thus, the realization of the MDGs in Africa. It also argues that it is a misconception that food security implies or is synonymous with food and nutrition security. The paper proposes that food policies, projects, programmes and research should focus on food and nutrition security and not just food security. In that regard, the paper proposes that the following interlinked processes must be taken into consideration in agricultural policies, projects, programmes and research: (1) Effective marriage of indigenous and “scientific” knowledge in food production, processing, preservation, preparation and consumption. (2) Promotion of agrobiodiversity, including the domestication of known nutritionally-rich semi-wild plants. (3) Development of sustainable farming systems, including effective crop-livestock integration systems. (4) Development of food production-marketing-consumption-nutrition linkage processes at community levels. National and local level nutrition policy research and advocacy
WORK LIFE BALANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT FOR NURSES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PESHAWAR HOSPITALS
Creators: name: Benazir ALAM
name: Aitesam ULLAH
Publisher: name: Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: Work-Life Balance
Organizational Commitment
İş Yaşam Dengesi
Örgütsel Bağlılık

description: The research was carried to investigate the effect of work-life balance on organizational commitment. Though numerous kinds of research have been carried out in the same field to find the effect of work-life balance on organizational commitment in people in distinct careers, there needs to be more regarding healthcare, specifically in Pakistan. After reviewing the literature, the research followed the deductive approach, a sub-part of positivism philosophy. The study employed survey techniques to collect data from the nurses in the hospitals of Peshawar. Around 300 respondents’ data have been gathered via questionnaires, emails, and distributions by Google Forms. After the data collection, all the data collected was put forward for examination by a statistical tool, namely IBM SPSS. Because of the conclusive research design, correlation and, regression analysis was performed to find the extent of the relationship and effect. The research outcomes exhibited that work-life balance positively affects and perceived organizational support the organizational commitment; however, work overload influences organizational commitment negatively. They study recommends that different training sessions must be held for the managers and other upper-level employees to create awareness of the significance of making their nursing staff feel cared for, valued, and, most importantly, respected by organizations.
Designing Regional Systems of Biotechnology Regulation A Transaction Cost Approach to Regulatory Governance
Creators: name: Birner, Regina
name: Linacre, Nicholas A.
name: Birner, Regina
name: Linacre, Nicholas A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: regional biotechnology regulation
subject: regulatory federalism
subject: transaction cost economics
subject: European Union

description: Many developing countries are currently in the process of designing regulatory systems that should make it possible to use the potential of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for agricultural development, while at the same time managing the risks for food safety and the environment that are potentially associated with these technologies. In view of the considerable costs associated with biotechnology regulation and the scarcity of biosafety specialists, there are processes in various regions of the developing world to establish regional systems of biotechnology regulation. So far, there are major knowledge gaps as to how regional systems of biotechnology regulation can be designed to be effective and efficient and to fulfill principles of good governance, such as transparency, voice and accountability, control of corruption, and avoidance of special interest capture. There is a wide variety of possible regional approaches, which differ with regard to the level of centralization, the scope of a regional system, the types of regional institutions and processes, and the types of financing mechanisms. Based on the literature on environmental and fiscal federalism and transaction costs economics, the paper develops a conceptual framework for the assessment of regional systems of biotechnology regulation. The framework specifies design options and assessment criteria, and identifies major trade-offs as well as the factors affecting these trade-offs. The paper takes West Africa as an example to illustrate this framework and refers to the European Union for comparison. The paper concludes that involving regional experts, stakeholders and policy-makers into debates on the design of a regional regulatory system is an important strategy to fill knowledge gaps and arrive at conclusions regarding the trade-offs involved in regional biotechnology regulation. Key words: regional biotechnology regulation; regulatory federalism; transaction cost economics; West Africa; European Union
Evidence for J and H-band excess in classical T Tauri stars and the implications for disk structure and estimated ages
Creators: name: Cieza, Lucas A.
name: Kessler-Silacci, Jaqueline E.
name: Jaffe, Daniel T.
name: Harvey, Paul M.
name: Evans, Neal J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that classical T Tauri stars (cTTs) possess significant non- photospheric excess in the J and H bands. We first show that normalizing the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of cTTs to the J-band leads to a poor fit of the optical fluxes, while normalizing the SEDs to the Ic-band produces a better fit to the optical bands and in many cases reveals the presence of a considerable excess at J and H. NIR spectroscopic veiling measurements from the literature support this result. We find that J and H-band excesses correlate well with the K-band excess, and that the J-K and H-K colors of the excess emission are consistent with that of a black body at the dust sublimation temperature (~ 1500-2000 K). We propose that this near-IR excess originates at a hot inner rim, analogous to those suggested to explain the near-IR bump in the SEDs of Herbig Ae/Be stars. To test our hypothesis, we use the model presented by Dullemond et al. (2001) to fit the photometry data between 0.5 um and 24 um of 10 cTTs associated with the Chamaeleon II molecular cloud. The models that best fit the data are those where the inner radius of the disk is larger than expected for a rim in thermal equilibrium with the photospheric radiation field alone. In particular, we find that large inner rims are necessary to account for the mid infrared fluxes (3.6-8.0 um) obtained by the Spitzer Space Telescope. Finally, we argue that deriving the stellar luminosities of cTTs by making bolometric corrections to the J-band fluxes systematically overestimates these luminosities. The overestimated luminosities translate into underestimated ages when the stars are placed in the H-R diagram. Thus, the results presented herein have important implications for the dissipation timescale of inner accretion disks.
description: 45 pages, 13 figures
Population and Health Policies
Creators: name: Schultz, T. Paul
name: Schultz, T. Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Public Economics
subject: Health
subject: Fertility and Family Planning
subject: Biology of Health Human Capital
subject: Economic Development

description: The literature evaluating population and health policies is in flux, with many disciplines exploring biological and behavioral linkages from fetal development to chronic disease, disability, and late life mortality. The focus here is on research methods, findings, and questions that economists can clarify regarding the causal relationships between economic development, health outcomes, and reproductive behavior, which operate in many directions. The connection between conditions under which people live and their expected life span and health status refer to “health production functions”. The relationships between an individual’s stock of health and productivity, well being, and life span encompasses the “returns to health human capital”. The control of reproduction improves the well being of women, the economic opportunities of her offspring, and slows population growth. Evaluation of policy interventions is more than a question of technological efficiency, but also involves the behavioral responsiveness of individuals, families, social networks, and communities.
Political Precaution, Pandemics and Protectionism
Creators: name: Kerr, William A.
name: Kerr, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: H1N1
subject: import bans
subject: pork
subject: precaution
subject: protection
subject: swine

description: Despite strong scientific evidence and representations made by international scientific organizations, a considerable number of countries have imposed import bans on pork in response to the H1N1 pandemic. The imposition of these barriers is contrary to WTO rules. The motivation for the imposition of these barriers does not appear to have arisen from producers’ requests or consumer lobbying – political precaution provides the motivation. There appears to be little control over political precaution in the rules of international trade. Hence, the balance between the strong rules of trade desired by firms wishing to engage in international commerce and the need, at times, for politicians to respond to requests for protection may be changing in favour of more protection. Keywords: H1N1, import bans, pork, precaution, protection, swine
Nearest Neighbor distributions: new statistical measures for cosmological clustering
Creators: name: Banerjee, Arka
name: Abel, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of summary statistics beyond the two-point correlation function to analyze the non-Gaussian clustering on small scales is an active field of research in cosmology. In this paper, we explore a set of new summary statistics -- the $k$-Nearest Neighbor Cumulative Distribution Functions ($k{\rm NN}$-${\rm CDF}$). This is the empirical cumulative distribution function of distances from a set of volume-filling, Poisson distributed random points to the $k$-nearest data points, and is sensitive to all connected $N$-point correlations in the data. The $k{\rm NN}$-${\rm CDF}$ can be used to measure counts in cell, void probability distributions and higher $N$-point correlation functions, all using the same formalism exploiting fast searches with spatial tree data structures. We demonstrate how it can be computed efficiently from various data sets - both discrete points, and the generalization for continuous fields. We use data from a large suite of $N$-body simulations to explore the sensitivity of this new statistic to various cosmological parameters, compared to the two-point correlation function, while using the same range of scales. We demonstrate that the use of $k{\rm NN}$-${\rm CDF}$ improves the constraints on the cosmological parameters by more than a factor of $2$ when applied to the clustering of dark matter in the range of scales between $10h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$ and $40h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$. We also show that relative improvement is even greater when applied on the same scales to the clustering of halos in the simulations at a fixed number density, both in real space, as well as in redshift space. Since the $k{\rm NN}$-${\rm CDF}$ are sensitive to all higher order connected correlation functions in the data, the gains over traditional two-point analyses are expected to grow as progressively smaller scales are included in the analysis of cosmological data.
description: Minor changes. 1 figure added. Matches published version in MNRAS
Solving the leading order evolution equation for GPDs
Creators: name: Manashov, A.
name: Kirch, M.
name: Schafer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytic method for the solution of the evolution equation for GPDs is presented. The small x, xi asymptotics of GPDs are calculated.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, typos corrected
Managing Professional Standards: An Examination of Staff Experiences of the Complaints Management Process in an English Police Force and a City Council
Creators: name: Krlic, Marija
Publisher: name: Leeds Beckett University
Year: 2025

description: This research study focuses on the experiences of staff involved in the complaint management processes within a large, English police force and a large local authority. Sixteen qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with postholders involved in the complaints management process from the bottom to the top of each organisation. This comprised managers, investigators and staff who had been subject to complaints. As most of the complaints management literature is customer focused, this study represents an original and innovative contribution to the limited, existing literature. As well as comprising case study research, this research also drew from an Appreciative Inquiry (AI) research approach to elicit respondents’ views of what constituted best practice in complaints management. This, too, addresses a gap in the existing literature which has rarely involved the AI research approach within police and local authority studies and not at all with respect to complaints management. Nineteen separate themes were identified covering both organisations and these included key sociological and management issues: such as, communication; discretion; staff support; independence and accountability; and leadership. The themes led to a core theme encapsulating the importance of communication, timeliness and ethics/values for effective complaints management. Commonalities and contrasts were also drawn between the findings for both organisations. In addition to the findings of this study, this research also points to the potential for further, fruitful research in key areas related to complaints management as well as to the fields of policing and local government.
A Framework for the Landscape
Creators: name: Freivogel, Ben
name: Susskind, Leonard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It seems likely that string theory has a landscape of vacua that includes very many metastable de Sitter spaces. However, as emphasized by Banks, Dine and Gorbatov, no current framework exists for examining these metastable vacua in string theory. In this paper we attempt to correct this situation by introducing an eternally inflating background in which the entire collection of accelerating cosmologies is present as intermediate states. The background is a classical solution which consists of a bubble of zero cosmological constant inside de Sitter space, separated by a domain wall. At early and late times the flat space region becomes infinitely big, so an S-matrix can be defined. Quantum mechanically, the system can tunnel to an intermediate state which is pure de Sitter space. We present evidence that a string theory S-matrix makes sense in this background and contains metastable de Sitter space as an intermediate state.
description: 29+13 pages, 25 figures; v2: minor corrections, references added
Laser cooling in a chip-scale platform
Creators: name: McGilligan, J. P.
name: Moore, K. R.
name: Dellis, A.
name: Martinez, G. D.
name: de Clercq, E.
name: Griffin, P. F.
name: Arnold, A. S.
name: Riis, E.
name: Boudot, R.
name: Kitching, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chip-scale atomic devices built around micro-fabricated alkali vapor cells are at the forefront of compact metrology and atomic sensors. We demonstrate a micro-fabricated vapor cell that is actively-pumped to ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) to achieve laser cooling. A grating magneto optical trap (GMOT) is incorporated with the 4 mm-thick Si/glass vacuum cell to demonstrate the feasibility of a fully-miniaturized laser cooling platform. A two-step optical excitation process in rubidium is used to overcome surface-scatter limitations to the GMOT imaging. The unambiguous miniaturization and form-customizability made available with micro-fabricated UHV cells provide a promising platform for future compact cold-atom sensors.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Land Retirement Program Design in the Presence of Crop Insurance Subsidies
Creators: name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Hennessy, David A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: agro-environmental policy
subject: budget
subject: Conservation Reserve Program
subject: crop failure
subject: Environmental Benefit Index
subject: Lorenz order.

description: The U.S. federal government implements environmental, biofuels and crop insurance programs that influence land use. They are not well integrated in that cost savings from crop insurance subsidies are not acknowledged when screening land for retirement or when calculating the cost of land retirement programs. We identify and evaluate an optimal benefit index for enrollment in a land retirement program that includes a sub-index to rank land according to insurance subsidy savings. All else equal, land ranked higher in the Lorenz stochastic order should be retired first.
RAPID PROTOTYPING OF SELF-FILLING MICROFLUIDIC CHIPS FOR  SARS-COV-2 RNA DETECTION BY ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION
Creators: name: Filip Staniszewski
name: Schrittwieser Stefan
name: Schmidleithner Christina
name: Posch Barbara
name: Osinkina Lidiya
name: Westenthanner Maximilian
name: Stehr Joachim
name: Peham Johannes Rudolf
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: microfluidics, LAMP, SARS-CoV-2, rapid prototyping, self-filling microfluidics

description: Since the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic the public interest in diagnostic testing has dramatically increased, especially, regarding development time and user friendliness. Point-of-care devices, that require little user interaction or laboratory equipment, are desired. Here we propose a microfluidic chip based on capillary retention valves, that enables controlled volume deposition independent of applied sample volume and only requires the use of a disposable transfer pipette. For rapid deployment, a pipeline for accelerated prototyping was established, which can save up to 60% in costs and several weeks in time compared to conventional prototyping. The diagnostic capability of this microfluidic chip was achieved by incorporating a LAMP assay for the detection of viral SarsCoV-2 RNA at a limit of detection of 10 copies per µL. In future, this microfluidic design can be combined with further assays to provide rapid and cost-effective pathogen detection without any further readout instruments.
Additional file 7 of Replication origin location might contribute to genetic variability in Trypanosoma cruzi
Creators: name: Araujo, Christiane Bezerra De
name: Cunha, Julia Pinheiro Chagas Da
name: Davi Toshio Inada
name: Jeziel Damasceno
name: Lima, Alex Ranieri Jerônimo
name: Hiraiwa, Priscila
name: Marques, Catarina
name: Evonnildo Gonçalves
name: Nishiyama-Junior, Milton Yutaka
name: McCulloch, Richard
name: Elias, Maria Carolina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7. Transcription orientation along chromosomes. Overall gene density and transcription orientation along each chromosome in S haplotype (A) and P haplotype (−) Genes transcribed in the negative strand; (+) genes transcribed in the positive strand.
Determining the grain composition of the interstellar medium with high resolution X-ray spectroscopy
Creators: name: Lee, Julia C.
name: Ravel, Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the ability of high resolution X-ray spectroscopy to directly probe the grain composition of the interstellar medium. Using iron K-edge experimental data of likely ISM dust candidates taken at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, we explore the prospects for determining the chemical composition of astrophysical dust and discuss a technique for doing so. Focusing on the capabilities of the AstroE2 XRS micro-calorimeters, we assess the limiting effects of spectral resolution and noise for detecting significant X-ray absorption fine structure signal in astrophysical environments containing dust. We find that given sufficient signal, the resolution of the XRS will allow us to definitively distinguish gas from dust phase absorption, and certain chemical compositions.
description: 6 pages, 10 figures - XAFS spectra of Fe compounds; accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 2 of What do we know about physical activity interventions in vocational education and training? A systematic review
Creators: name: Grüne, Eva
name: Popp, Johanna
name: Carl, Johannes
name: Pfeifer, Klaus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Search strategy.
Optimal Placement of Conservation Practices Using Genetic Algorithm with SWAT
Creators: name: Jha, Manoj K.
name: Rabotyagov, Sergey S.
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Jha, Manoj K.
name: Rabotyagov, Sergey S.
name: Gassman, Philip W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: genetic algorithm
subject: nutrient calibration
subject: Raccoon River Watershed
subject: SWAT.

description: The effectiveness of conservation practices depends on their placement on the fields within the watershed. Cost-effective placement of these practices for maximum water quality benefits on each field requires comparing a very large number of possible land-use scenarios. To address this problem, we combine the tools of evolutionary algorithm with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and cost data to develop a trade-off frontier of least cost of achieving nutrient reductions and the corresponding locations of conservation practices. This approach was applied to the Raccoon River Watershed, which drains about 9,400 km2 of an intensive agriculture region in west-central Iowa. Applying genetic algorithm to the calibrated SWAT modeling setup produced multitudes of optimal solutions of achieving nutrient reductions in relation to the total cost of placing these practices. For example, a 30% reduction in nitrate (and a corresponding 53% reduction in phosphorus) at the watershed outlet can be achieved with a cost of $80 million per year. This solution frontier allows policymakers and stakeholders to explicitly see the trade-offs between cost and nutrient reductions.
Additional file 1 of What do we know about physical activity interventions in vocational education and training? A systematic review
Creators: name: Grüne, Eva
name: Popp, Johanna
name: Carl, Johannes
name: Pfeifer, Klaus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Completed PRISMA checklist.
title: Large intracranial hydatid cyst
Creators: name: Tank, Brij
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Paediatric
subject: Thorax
subject: MR
subject: Surgery
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 4-year-old female presented with complaints of headache for the last 2 months, imbalance while walking since 2 days, and intermittent vomiting since 1 day. On physical examination, the patient had left-sided facial weakness with ipsilateral deviation of the mouth for 1 month. The patient had no history of convulsions, fever or trauma. Birth history was unremarkable with no history of neonatal intensive care unit admission.

description: 4 years, female
L’immagine-tempo da Warburg a Benjamin e Adorno
Creators: name: Di Giacomo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico
Year: 2012

description: Starting from Warburg, the distinguishing mark of an image, considered as identity-difference of visible and invisible, is its offering itself as an implementation of a temporality, and at the same time of a memory that is immanent in the sensible structure of the image. It’s what we find both in Benjamin and in Adorno: in both cases, it is just because the image is marked by a “internal time” that it is able to have a critical function towards reality, and at the same time an utopian character that is all the same with its non-renounceable testimonial task.
description: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2010): Costellazioni tempestive. Warburg- Adorno-Benjamin, Adorno
Binaries, cluster dynamics and population studies of stars and stellar phenomena
Creators: name: Vanbeveren, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of binaries on population studies of stars and stellar phenomena have been investigated over the past 3 decades by many research groups. Here we will focus mainly on the work that has been done recently in Brussels and we will consider the following topics: the effect of binaries on overall galactic chemical evolutionary models and on the rates of different types of supernova, the population of point-like X-ray sources where we distinguish the standard high mass X-ray binaries and the ULXs, a UFO-scenario for the formation of WR+OB binaries in dense star systems. Finally we critically discuss the possible effect of rotation on population studies.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the proceedings of Interacting Binaries: Accretion, Evolution and Outcomes, eds. Antonelli et al
Imprinting and driving electronic orbital magnetism using magnons
Creators: name: Zhang, Li-chuan
name: Go, Dongwook
name: Hanke, Jan-Philipp
name: Buhl, Patrick M.
name: Grytsiuk, Sergii
name: Blügel, Stefan
name: Lux, Fabian R.
name: Mokrousov, Yuriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnons, as the most elementary excitations of magnetic materials, have recently emerged as a prominent tool in electrical and thermal manipulation and transport of spin, and magnonics as a field is considered as one of the pillars of modern spintronics. On the other hand, orbitronics, which exploits the orbital degree of freedom of electrons rather than their spin, emerges as a powerful platform in efficient design of currents and redistribution of angular momentum in structurally complex materials. Here, we uncover a way to bridge the worlds of magnonics and electronic orbital magnetism, which originates in the fundamental coupling of scalar spin chirality, inherent to magnons, to the orbital degree of freedom in solids. We show that this can result in efficient generation and transport of electronic orbital angular momentum by magnons, thus opening the road to combining the functionalities of magnonics and orbitronics to their mutual benefit in the realm of spintronics applications.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1910.03317
War and the crystallization of a double identity : Vancouver’s Chinese community, 1937-1947
Creators: name: Chan, Shelly
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: From feeling neither entirely "Chinese" nor "Canadian," Vancouver's Chinese weathered the hard times of racism and economic depression and found themselves embracing a new identity that was both "Chinese" and "Canadian" during the deeply intense period of Japan's invasion of China and later the Second World War. This paper argues that Vancouver's Chinatown was a transnational community whose existence and vitality were not only predicated upon the strength of its internal organizations but also upon its trans-Pacific linkages and movements. It also argues that wartime social and cultural changes led to the first creation of "Chinese Canadians," a double identity that had been born long before the official introduction of Canada's multicultural policy. The two generations of immigrants and Canadian-borns also became welded together during the war, actively supporting China's and Canada's war effort. Finally, this essay closes by highlighting the "double-edged" blessing of a double identity under the effects of local and global historical processes, which were mirrored in the wartime stigmatization of Japanese Canadians, the destruction of the Sing Kew Theatre and the postwar dwindling of trans-Pacific ties with the onset of the Cold War and Maoist socialism in China. '
Detection with RHESSI of high frequency X-ray oscillations in the tail of the 2004 hyperflare from SGR 1806-20
Creators: name: Watts, Anna L
name: Strohmayer, Tod E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of high frequency oscillations in giant flares from SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14 may be the first direct detection of vibrations in a neutron star crust. If this interpretation is correct it offers a novel means of testing the neutron star equation of state, crustal breaking strain, and magnetic field configuration. Using timing data from RHESSI, we have confirmed the detection of a 92.5 Hz Quasi-Periodic Oscillation (QPO) in the tail of the SGR 1806-20 giant flare. We also find another, stronger, QPO at higher energies, at 626.5 Hz. Both QPOs are visible only at particular (but different) rotational phases, implying an association with a specific area of the neutron star surface or magnetosphere. At lower frequencies we confirm the detection of an 18 Hz QPO, at the same rotational phase as the 92.5 Hz QPO, and report the additional presence of a broad 26 Hz QPO. We are however unable to make a robust confirmation of the presence of a 30 Hz QPO, despite higher countrates. We discuss our results in the light of neutron star vibration models.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures using emulateapj. Corrected minor typo that appeared in journal version
Region-based Non-local Operation for Video Classification
Creators: name: Huang, Guoxi
name: Bors, Adrian G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) model long-range dependencies by deeply stacking convolution operations with small window sizes, which makes the optimizations difficult. This paper presents region-based non-local (RNL) operations as a family of self-attention mechanisms, which can directly capture long-range dependencies without using a deep stack of local operations. Given an intermediate feature map, our method recalibrates the feature at a position by aggregating the information from the neighboring regions of all positions. By combining a channel attention module with the proposed RNL, we design an attention chain, which can be integrated into the off-the-shelf CNNs for end-to-end training. We evaluate our method on two video classification benchmarks. The experimental results of our method outperform other attention mechanisms, and we achieve state-of-the-art performance on the Something-Something V1 dataset.
Aby Warburg e Walter Benjamin. Il metodo della memoria
Creators: name: Bilancioni, Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico
Year: 2012

description: Many words extracted from the electric-electronic dictionary could be useful to understand a nexus between Warburg and Benjamin. Memory as accumulator is the link that connects these two collectors –and coordinators- of impressions. Science of Art, Mythology of Life, allegorical distance and mimetical proximity, traces of memory and power of interpretation: hence overflow Pathosformel and Dialectical Image. Here are the sparks of Polarisation.
description: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2010): Costellazioni tempestive. Warburg- Adorno-Benjamin, Adorno
2006 Michigan Dairy Grazing Farm Business Analysis Summary
Creators: name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Wittenberg, Eric
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Farm Management
Livestock Production/Industries

description: This report summarizes the financial and production records of 7 dairy grazing farms from across Michigan. These 7 farms indicated that they grazed dairy cows at least three months of the year and that grazing provided more than 30 percent of the forage consumed during the year. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records were checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Quantum enhanced optical phase estimation with a squeezed thermal state
Creators: name: Yu, Juan
name: Qin, Yue
name: Qin, Jinliang
name: Wang, Hong
name: Yan, Zhihui
name: Jia, Xiaojun
name: Peng, Kunchi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum phase estimation protocols can provide a measuring method of phase shift with precision superior to standard quantum limit (SQL) due to the application of a nonclassical state of light. A squeezed vacuum state, whose variance in one quadrature is lower than the corresponding SQL, has been pointed out a sensitive resource for quantum phase estimation and the estimation accuracy is directly influenced by the properties of the squeezed state. Here we detailedly analyze the influence of the purity and squeezing level of the squeezed state on the accuracy of quantum phase estimation. The maximum precision that can be achieved for a squeezed thermal state is evaluated, and the experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical analyses. It is also found that the width of the phase estimation interval $Δθ$ beyond SQL is correlated with the purity of the squeezed state.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Economics, Area Studies and Human Development
Creators: name: Ranis, Gustav
name: Ranis, Gustav
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: Economics
subject: Human Development
subject: Area Studies

description: This paper suggests that area studies and economics have a better chance to be married successfully if we shift our attention from the exclusive emphasis on economic growth towards improvements in human development, especially the much broadened version of that concept. Different areas are shown to differ substantially in terms of the choices they make among the various independent dimensions of well-being and the various indicators within each dimension. The particular characteristics of each area play an important role in determining the choices societies make and the extent to which they are constrained by their initial conditions.
«Potenze del destino» e «disintossicazione del tragico» in Aby Warburg
Creators: name: Barale, Alice
Publisher: name: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico
Year: 2012

description: In the years following his psychiatric condition, Warburg approaches Ovidio's poetry with the intent to disclose, underneath its graceful levity, the sense of classical tragedy lying at its heart. Surprisingly, in the reflections of these years, this tragical dimension turns out to be rather embodied by Orpheus than by Dionysius. An element of discontinuity between Warburg and Nietzsche thus emerges, which could be consequential for their very concept of "tragic" as well as of "image". This short essay sets out to emphasise such a discontinuity and to explore its wider implications.
description: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico, Vol. 3 No. 2 (2010): Costellazioni tempestive. Warburg- Adorno-Benjamin, Adorno