cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Willingness to pay for organic food in Argentina: Evidence from a consumer survey
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Elsa M.
name: Lacaze, Maria Victoria
name: Lupin, Beatriz
name: Rodriguez, Elsa M.
name: Lacaze, Maria Victoria
name: Lupin, Beatriz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Willingness to pay
subject: Food quality attributes
subject: Organic price premium
subject: Argentina.

description: Most food markets do not count on complete information about food quality for consumers. Quality has become a key concept in the new approaches of the Demand Theory (Lancaster, 1966; Antle, 1999), and, therefore, food quality information has turned into a crucial factor when explaining the existing differences between demand profiles. Throughout these last years, organic agriculture has undergone a notorious expansion due, among other things, to the greater interest shown by consumers aware of food safety concerns involving real or potential quality risks perceptions. (Henson, 1996) This paper aims to estimate consumers´ willingness to pay (WTP) for organic food products available in the Argentinean domestic market, with a view to providing useful evidence to the government, and thus gain support in the promotion of organic production, regulation processes and labelling programs. The Contingent Valuation Method (Hanemann, 1984) was selected to estimate WTP. Data derives from a food consumption survey conducted in Buenos Aires city in April 2005. The parameters estimates for the selected products were obtained by applying a Binomial Multiple Logistic Regression. The results indicate that Argentinean consumers are willing to pay a price premium to acquire better quality products. Indeed, this is conditioned by the effective prices in the domestic market, in which price premiums range from 6% to 200%, thereby restricting their acquisition. Besides, the scarce availability of these healthy products has also become another meaningful obstacle for domestic consumption expansion in Argentina.
Gapped Dirac materials and quantum valley currents in dual-gated hBN/bilayer-graphene heterostructures
Creators: name: Iwasaki, Takuya
name: Morita, Yoshifumi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In gapped Dirac materials, the topological current associated with each valley can flow in opposite directions creating long-range charge-neutral valley currents. We report valley currents in hBN/bilayer-graphene heterostructures with an energy gap, which is tunable by a perpendicular electric (displacement) field in a dual-gated structure. We observed significant nonlocal resistance, consistent with the scaling theory of the valley Hall effect. In the low-temperature limit, the nonlocal resistance approaches a saturated value near the "quantum limit," indicating the emergence of quantum valley currents.
10,000 Standard Solar Models: a Monte Carlo Simulation
Creators: name: Bahcall, John N.
name: Serenelli, Aldo M.
name: Basu, Sarbani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have evolved 10,000 solar models using 21 input parameters that are randomly drawn for each model from separate probability distributions for every parameter. We use the results of these models to determine the theoretical uncertainties in the predicted surface helium abundance, the profile of the sound speed versus radius, the profile of the density versus radius, the depth of the solar convective zone, the eight principal solar neutrino fluxes, and the fractions of nuclear reactions that occur in the CNO cycle or in the three branches of the p-p chains. We also determine the correlation coefficients of the neutrino fluxes for use in analysis of solar neutrino oscillations. Our calculations include the most accurate available input parameters, including radiative opacity, equation of state, and nuclear cross sections. We incorporate both the recently determined heavy element abundances recommended by Asplund, Grevesse & Sauval (2005) and the older (higher) heavy element abundances recommended by Grevesse & Sauval (1998). We present best-estimates of many characteristics of the standard solar model for both sets of recommended heavy element compositions.
description: ** John N. Bahcall passed away on August 17, 2005. Manuscript has 60 pages including 10 figures
Statistical mechanics formalism and methods for the analysis of real networks
Creators: name: Menichetti, Giulia <1986>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: FIS/07 Fisica applicata (a beni culturali, ambientali, biologia e medicina)

description: This thesis provides a thoroughly theoretical background in network theory and shows novel applications to real problems and data. In the first chapter a general introduction to network ensembles is given, and the relations with “standard” equilibrium statistical mechanics are described. Moreover, an entropy measure is considered to analyze statistical properties of the integrated PPI-signalling-mRNA expression networks in different cases. In the second chapter multilayer networks are introduced to evaluate and quantify the correlations between real interdependent networks. Multiplex networks describing citation-collaboration interactions and patterns in colorectal cancer are presented. The last chapter is completely dedicated to control theory and its relation with
network theory. We characterise how the structural controllability of a network is affected by the fraction of low in-degree and low out-degree nodes. Finally, we present
a novel approach to the controllability of multiplex networks
Cosmological singularities, entanglement and quantum extremal surfaces
Creators: name: Manu, A.
name: Narayan, K.
name: Paul, Partha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study aspects of entanglement and extremal surfaces in various families of spacetimes exhibiting cosmological, Big-Crunch, singularities, in particular isotropic $AdS$ Kasner. The classical extremal surface dips into the bulk radial and time directions. Explicitly analysing the extremization equations in the semiclassical region far from the singularity, we find the surface bends in the direction away from the singularity. In the 2-dim cosmologies obtained by dimensional reduction of these and other singularities, we have studied quantum extremal surfaces by extremizing the generalized entropy. The resulting extremization shows the quantum extremal surfaces to always be driven to the semiclassical region far from the singularity. We give some comments and speculations on our analysis.
description: Latex, 29pgs, 3 figs; v2: minor clarifications, version to be published
Metadata record for the manuscript: The obesity paradox in early and advanced HER2 positive breast cancer: pooled analysis of clinical trial data
Creators: name: Natansh D Modi
name: Tan, Jin Quan Eugene
name: Rowland, Andrew
name: Bogda Koczwara
name: Abuhelwa, Ahmad Y
name: Ganessan Kichenadasse
name: McKinnon, Ross A
name: Wiese, Michael D
name: Sorich, Michael J
name: Hopkins, Ashley M
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Summary
 This metadata record provides details of the data supporting the claims of the related manuscript: “The obesity paradox in early and advanced HER2 positive breast cancer: pooled analysis of clinical trial data”. The related study aimed to determine whether the relationship between BMI and breast cancer Outcomes is consistent between early breast cancer (BC) and advanced BC. Type of data: secondary analysis of anonymised individual participant data from clinical trials Subject of data: Homo sapiens Sample size: 5099 early BC (EBC) and 3496 advanced BC (ABC) patients Population characteristics: patients with HER2 positive EBC and HER2 positive ABC Trial registration number: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT00045032; NCT00567190; NCT01120184; NCT00829166; NCT01419197 Data access No new data were generated in the related study. Individual participant data from the Roche sponsored phase III clinical trials HERA [data ID: NCT00045032], CLEOPATRA [data ID: NCT00567190], MARIANNE [data ID: NCT01120184], EMILIA [data ID: NCT00829166] and TH3RESA [data ID: NCT01419197] were utilised in a post hoc study. The individual participant data are available via the Center for Global Clinical Research Data’s Vivli data sharing platform: https://vivli.org/. Data can be searched via the data IDs provided above, but a request must be logged in order to access the data. The R code for data processing and visualisation is available upon request from the corresponding author. Corresponding author(s) for this study Natansh D Modi. Address: 5D317, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042. Phone: +61 8 8201 5647. Email: natansh.modi@flinders.edu.au.
 Study approval  Secondary analysis of anonymised IPD was exempted from review by the Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Office for Research and Ethics as it was classified as minimal risk research.
$\bar K$ nuclear bound states in a dynamical model
Creators: name: Mareš, J.
name: Friedman, E.
name: Gal, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comprehensive data base of K- atom level shifts and widths is re-analyzed in order to study the density dependence of the Kbar-nuclear optical potential. Significant departure from a t*rho form is found only for nuclear densities about and less than 20% of nuclear-matter density, and extrapolation to nuclear-matter density yields an attractive potential, about 170 MeV deep. Partial restoration of chiral symmetry compatible with pionic atoms and low-energy pion-nuclear data plays no role at the relevant low-density regime, but this effect is not ruled out at high densities. Kbar-nuclear bound states are generated across the periodic table self consistently, using a relativistic mean-field model Lagrangian which couples the Kbar to the scalar and vector meson fields mediating the nuclear interactions. The reduced phase space available for Kbar absorption from these bound states is taken into account by adding an energy-dependent imaginary term which underlies the corresponding Kbar-nuclear level widths, with a strength required by fits to the atomic data. Substantial polarization of the core nucleus is found for light nuclei, and the binding energies and widths calculated in this dynamical model differ appreciably from those calculated for a static nucleus. A wide range of binding energies is spanned by varying the Kbar couplings to the meson fields. Our calculations provide a lower limit of Gamma(Kbar) = 50 +/- 10 MeV on the width of nuclear bound states for Kbar binding energy in the range B(Kbar) = 100 - 200 MeV. Comments are made on the interpretation of the FINUDA experiment at DAFNE, Frascati, which claimed evidence for deeply bound (K- pp) states in light nuclei.
description: Added 2 figures and discussion. Version accepted for publication in NPA
Independent Component Analysis of Spatiotemporal Chaos
Creators: name: Asano, H.
name: Nakao, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two types of spatiotemporal chaos exhibited by ensembles of coupled nonlinear oscillators are analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA). For diffusively coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau oscillators that exhibit smooth amplitude patterns, ICA extracts localized one-humped basis vectors that reflect the characteristic hole structures of the system, and for nonlocally coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau oscillators with fractal amplitude patterns, ICA extracts localized basis vectors with characteristic gap structures. Statistics of the decomposed signals also provide insight into the complex dynamics of the spatiotemporal chaos.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, JPSJ Vol 74, No. 6
Responsiveness of farm investment to price changes: Evidence from the French crop sector
Creators: name: Femenia, Fabienne
name: Latruffe, Laure
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Femenia, Fabienne
name: Latruffe, Laure
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: investment
subject: risk aversion
subject: prices
subject: volatility
subject: crop farms
subject: France

description: In this article we investigate the investment behaviour of French crop farmers between 2002 and 2014, with a focus on their adjustments to investment prices and farm output prices, which became more volatile after 2007. We estimate an econometric model of farm investment accounting for farm heterogeneity and allowing for change in behavioural parameters after 2007. Our results show evidence of a significant behavioural change in large investments over time, related to a change in farmers’ preferences toward risk, which can explain the relative stability of farm investment over the period, despite the strong increase in crop price levels and in crop price volatility after 2007.
Ecological characteristics and new competitiveness strategies in fresh vegetables market
Creators: name: Cembalo, Luigi
name: Cicia, Gianni
name: Del Giudice, Teresa
name: Scarpa, Riccardo
name: Tagliafierro, Carolina
name: Cembalo, Luigi
name: Cicia, Gianni
name: Del Giudice, Teresa
name: Scarpa, Riccardo
name: Tagliafierro, Carolina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: competitiveness strategies
subject: cherry tomato German market
subject: environmental friendly
subject: fresh vegetables
subject: Mixed Nested Logit

description: The intense process of internationalisation of the food market is giving rise to new competitive scenarios. The growth of market shares by new export countries, along with other consumer and retailer's issues impose different marketing policies for agri-food products. In particular, a wider awareness of consumers for environmental and health issues is modifying the structure of demand for fresh products. In the past, the country of origin and a convenient quality/price ratio were the main strategic strengths for gaining and maintaining international market shares . Nowadays market shares are gained by moving towards new product attributes, namely environment friendliness and food safety. This paper aims to suggesting new and more successful marketing strategies. The case study is the German market of cherry tomatoes. An analysis of German consumer preference was performed on stated choice data. Results provide interesting insights. Product attributes related to the environment are found to be relevant. As these are defined as 'faith' attributes, we speculate that German consumers refer to product origin country as a proxy of its environmental aspects. Two separate competitive segments emerge, one with a higher level of environmental quality (Germany and Italy), and Turkey, Spain, France and Holland. Finally, results point out how policies need to be redesigned and focused on new and more complex issues expressed by consumers in modern and developed markets marketing.
On the origin and the structure of the first sharp diffraction peak of amorphous silicon
Creators: name: Dahal, Devilal
name: Warren, Hiroka
name: Biswas, Parthapratim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) of amorphous silicon (${\it a}$-Si) near 2 Angstrom$^{-1}$ is addressed with particular emphasis on the position, intensity, and width of the diffraction curve. By studying a number of continuous random network (CRN) models of ${\it a}$-Si, it is shown that the position and the intensity of the FSDP are primarily determined by radial atomic correlations in the amorphous network on the length scale of 15 Angstroms. A shell-by-shell analysis of the contribution from different radial shells reveals that the key contributions to the FSDP originate from the second and fourth radial shells in the network, which are accompanied by a background contribution from the first shell and small residual corrections from the distant radial shells. The results from numerical calculations are complemented by a phenomenological discussion of the relationship between the peaks in the structure factor in the wavevector space and the reduced pair-correlation function in the real space. An approximate functional relation between the position of the FSDP and the average second-neighbor distance of Si atoms in the amorphous network is derived, which is corroborated by numerical calculations.
description: 11 pages, 16 figures (Table 3 and FIG 10 are added and a few typos are corrected in this version)
Lisa and John
Creators: name: Moore, David
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2017
Subjects: Lisa and John
The Lisa and John Slideshow
David Moore Photographer Archive
Documentary Photography
Archive intervention
CREAM Portfolio

description: As a collaborative and open-ended exploration of a photographic archive, via a variety of multimedia art forms, Moore’s research interrogates assumptions concerning normally concealed processes underlying the production of realist works or documentary. In this respect, the research relocates the photographic images in the wider field of contemporary art, using the conventions of verbatim theatre and immersive environments to critique documentary production within the images. Moore calls into question the certainties of representation by using methods articulated within photography in an expanded field (Soutter). This includes the development of a Brechtian device that places the photographer as a character within the work, and by making Lisa and John, the original subjects, active agents in the new project. 3D work also further disrupts the documentary paradigm through the inclusion of the ‘photographer at the scene’ within a museum like diorama. Collaboration in documentary practice is usually thought of in terms of working with subjects in the moment of creating the images. Instead, Moore’s project uses collaboration to disrupt and re-explore past work, and creates a future space for research, revision and reinterpretation of archives. Lisa and John has been exhibited and performed in Belfast Exposed, The Mac, Belfast, London Gallery West, and other venues.
title: Enhancing the removal of refractory pollutants from water using microwave-electrocoagulation system
Creators: name: Abdulhadi, B
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2026

description: The global population faces an increasing water shortage due to the growth in both population and human activities. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop efficient water/wastewater treatment methods to reverse the increasing risk of water shortages. In this context, the electrocoagulation (EC) method could be a suitable solution for this dilemma because it is eco-friendly and affordable. However, it was reported that the presence of organic matter can severely reduce the efficiency of the electrocoagulation method to remove heavy metals from water due to the ability of organic matter to chelate heavy metal ions in water creating complex pollutants which are hard to remove by electrocoagulation. On the other hand, microwave (MW) radiation has been reported to have an effective energy mechanism considering the way its energy, with any power, interact and couple with the substrate being radiated. This efficient mechanism can be used to decompose the organic matter in the solution and enhance the performance of the EC unit to remove heavy metals from water. This research therefore will develop a novel method for continues flow water purification using the electrocoagulation and microwave technologies in one combined system. It was also found that the EC reactor successfully removed more than 99% of 20 mg/L of Iron after 30 minutes of treatment at pH 7, ES of 5 mm and CD of 1 mA/cm2 in batch experiments. Then, 100 mg/L of organic matter was added to a solution containing iron (iron of 20 mg/L), to validate the impacts of organic matter on the removal of inorganic pollutants. The results obtained from this part confirmed the grave impact of organic matter on the efficiency of the electrocoagulation. It was noticed that adding 100 mg/L of OM to the water reduced the removal of iron from 95% to 17% in continuous flow mode. The last step in this project was the application of the suggested system (MW-EC) to enhance the removal of iron in the presence of OM (20 mg/L of iron and 100 mg/L OM). The microwaving process was conducted using two MW reactors, namely MW rectangular reactor (MWRR) and MW cylindrical reactor (MWCR). It was found that the MW-EC method improves the removal of iron by 45% in MWRR-EC system and by 27% in MWRC-EC system, at flow rate of 30 mL/min and MW power of 200 W. In conclusion, the results of the present project confirm the negative impacts of the OM on the removability of iron by the EC method, and also proved the effectiveness of the MW in the enhancement of the refractory pollutants by the EC. Thus, it could be reasonable to recommend the use of the MW-EC system in the developing countries as an effective and affordable treatment method to remove refractory pollutants from water.
SIA-OVD: Shape-Invariant Adapter for Bridging the Image-Region Gap in Open-Vocabulary Detection
Creators: name: Wang, Zishuo
name: Zhou, Wenhao
name: Xu, Jinglin
name: Peng, Yuxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10

description: Open-vocabulary detection (OVD) aims to detect novel objects without instance-level annotations to achieve open-world object detection at a lower cost. Existing OVD methods mainly rely on the powerful open-vocabulary image-text alignment capability of Vision-Language Pretrained Models (VLM) such as CLIP. However, CLIP is trained on image-text pairs and lacks the perceptual ability for local regions within an image, resulting in the gap between image and region representations. Directly using CLIP for OVD causes inaccurate region classification. We find the image-region gap is primarily caused by the deformation of region feature maps during region of interest (RoI) extraction. To mitigate the inaccurate region classification in OVD, we propose a new Shape-Invariant Adapter named SIA-OVD to bridge the image-region gap in the OVD task. SIA-OVD learns a set of feature adapters for regions with different shapes and designs a new adapter allocation mechanism to select the optimal adapter for each region. The adapted region representations can align better with text representations learned by CLIP. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SIA-OVD effectively improves the classification accuracy for regions by addressing the gap between images and regions caused by shape deformation. SIA-OVD achieves substantial improvements over representative methods on the COCO-OVD benchmark. The code is available at https://github.com/PKU-ICST-MIPL/SIA-OVD_ACMMM2024.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Social connection and physical health outcomes among long-term care home residents: a scoping review
Creators: name: Lem, Kaitlyn
name: McGilton, Katherine S.
name: Aelick, Katelynn
name: Iaboni, Andrea
name: Babineau, Jessica
name: Hewitt Colborne, Debbie
name: Edwards, Cathleen
name: Bretzlaff, Monica
name: Lender, Dee
name: Gibson, Josie-Lee
name: Bethell, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Search Strategy.
Directional detection of light dark matter from three-phonon events in superfluid $^4$He
Creators: name: Caputo, Andrea
name: Esposito, Angelo
name: Piccinini, Fulvio
name: Polosa, Antonio D.
name: Rossi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of a new signature for light dark matter detection with superfluid $^4$He: the emission of three phonons. We show that, in a region of mass below the MeV, the kinematics of this process can offer a way to reconstruct the dark matter interaction vertex, while providing background rejection via coincidence requirements and directionality. We develop all the necessary technology to deal with such an observable, and compute the associated differential distributions.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Version published in Physical Review D
Vocational training in the field of agriculture: empirical results
Creators: name: Spiller, Achim
name: Voss, Julian
name: Spiller, Achim
name: Voss, Julian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: The pressure of change within agriculture confronts farmers with regularly upcoming and new challenges: the structural changes as well as technical, economical and ecological improvements increase the requirements for the farm manager's knowledge. Thus, being successful in profession and business is not only a matter of qualified and fundamental professional knowledge but also of the constant participation in vocational trainings (N.N. 2006). Therefore the trend of lifelong learning, being already realised and traced in other fields of economic, has now also become a must in the business of agriculture (KRUSE 2003).
Design and Fabrication of Metamaterial Anti-Reflection Coatings for the Simons Observatory
Creators: name: Golec, Joseph E.
name: McMahon, Jeffrey J.
name: Ali, Aamir M.
name: Chesmore, Grace E.
name: Cooperrider, Leah
name: Dicker, Simon
name: Galitzki, Nicholas
name: Harrington, Kathleen
name: Jackson, Rebecca
name: Westbrook, Benjamin
name: Wollack, Edward J.
name: Xu, Zhilei
name: Zhu, Ningfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Simons Observatory (SO) will be a cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey experiment with three small-aperture telescopes and one large-aperture telescope, which will observe from the Atacama Desert in Chile. In total, SO will field over 60,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers in six spectral bands centered between 27 and 280 GHz in order to achieve the sensitivity necessary to measure or constrain numerous cosmological quantities, as outlined in The Simons Observatory Collaboration et al. (2019). These telescopes require 33 highly transparent, large aperture, refracting optics. To this end, we developed mechanically robust, highly efficient, metamaterial anti-reflection (AR) coatings with octave bandwidth coverage for silicon optics up to 46 cm in diameter for the 22-55, 75-165, and 190-310 GHz bands. We detail the design, the manufacturing approach to fabricate the SO lenses, their performance, and possible extensions of metamaterial AR coatings to optical elements made of harder materials such as alumina.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2020, Paper Number: 11451-199
Stress tensor in the linear viscoelatsic incompressible half-space beneath axisymmetric bodies in normal contact
Creators: name: Leroy, Jean-Emmanuel
name: Popov, Valentin L.
Publisher: name: Regional Association for Security and Crisis Management
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: stress state
subject: viscoelasticity
subject: normal contact
subject: method of dimensionality reduction
subject: hydrostatic pressure gradient

description: We present a simple method to determine the stress state in a linear viscoelastic half-space in frictionless unilateral normal contact with an axisymmetric rigid indenter for arbitrary loading histories. The procedure consists in the superposition of elastic solutions for flat punch or parabolic contact along the line load within the framework of the method of dimensionality reduction. We provide simple expressions for all stress components and the hydrostatic pressure gradient, which is of particular interest in the biomechanical field. The method brings advantages especially in its numerical application, since no convolution in time over the entire contact history is necessary.
Thermomagnetic Power and Figure of Merit for Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Chain
Creators: name: Furukawa, Shunsuke
name: Ikeda, Dai
name: Sakai, Kazumitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport properties in the presence of magnetic fields are numerically studied for the spin-1/2 Heisenberg XXZ chain. The breakdown of the spin-reversal symmetry due to the magnetic field induces the magnetothermal effect. In analogy with the thermoelectric effect in electron systems, the thermomagnetic power (magnetic Seebeck coefficient) is provided, and is numerically evaluated by the exact diagonalization for wide ranges of temperatures and various magnetic fields. For the antiferromagnetic regime, we find the magnetic Seebeck coefficient changes sign at certain temperatures, which is interpreted as an effect of strong correlations. We also compute the thermomagnetic figure of merit determining the efficiency of the thermomagnetic devices for cooling or power generation.
description: 8 pages
A measurement of the Galactic plane mass density from binary pulsar accelerations
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Sukanya
name: Chang, Philip
name: Lam, Michael T.
name: Vigeland, Sarah J.
name: Quillen, Alice C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use compiled high-precision pulsar timing measurements to directly measure the Galactic acceleration of binary pulsars relative to the Solar System barycenter. Given the vertical accelerations, we use the Poisson equation to derive the Oort limit, i.e., the total volume mass density in the Galactic mid-plane. Our best-fitting model gives an Oort limit of $0.08^{0.05}_{-0.02} M_{\odot}/\rm pc^{3}$, which is close to estimates from recent Jeans analyses. Given the accounting of the baryon budget from McKee et al. (2015), we obtain a local dark matter density of $-0.004^{0.05}_{-0.02}~M_{\odot}/\rm pc^{3}$, which is slightly below other modern estimates but consistent within the current uncertainties of our method. While this first measurement of the Oort limit (and other Galactic parameters) has error bars that are currently several times larger than kinematical estimates, they should improve in the future. We also constrain the oblateness of the potential, finding it consistent with that expected from the disk and inconsistent with a potential dominated by a spherical halo, as is appropriate for our sample which is within a $\sim$ kpc of the Sun. We find that the slope of the rotation curve is not constrained by current measurements of binary pulsar accelerations. We give a fitting function for the vertical acceleration $a_{z}$: $a_{z} = -α_{1}z$; $\log_{10} (α_{1}/{\rm Gyr}^{-2})=3.69^{0.19}_{-0.12}$. By analyzing interacting simulations of the Milky Way, we find that large asymmetric variations in $da_{z}/dz$ as a function of vertical height may be a signature of sub-structure. We end by discussing the power of combining constraints from pulsar timing and high-precision radial velocity (RV) measurements towards lines-of-sight near pulsars, to test theories of gravity and constrain dark matter sub-structure.
description: accepted to ApJ Letters, changes following referee comments
Food quality and product export performance. An empirical investigation of the EU situation
Creators: name: Fischer, Christian
name: Fischer, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Food quality
subject: international trade
subject: EU.

description: The relationship between product quality (as indicated by unit value) and export performance, both measured in absolute (per capita) and relative terms, is investigated. Five EU countries (DE, UK, FR, ES, IT), three product categories (cheese, meat preparations and wine), three export destinations (intra EU, extra EU and world) and two time periods (1995-1999 and 2000-201) are analysed. The estimation results show that the connection between quality and export performance is positive for Italy, Spain and France but depends on the product category (but not on the period), and differs (but not in all cases) according to the export destination. While the signs of the estimated slope coefficients are stable, the obtained statistical significance levels for these parameters depend on the measure used (relative or absolute) and on the estimation method (OLS or GLS). The main implication arising from this analysis is that it may be justified to introduce 'marketing of high-quality products' as a new academic discipline, teaching students and professionals in it and thus to contribute to the enhancement of EU agribusiness competitiveness in increasingly liberalised markets.
Incorporation of excluded volume correlations into Poisson-Boltzmann theory
Creators: name: Antypov, D.
name: Barbosa, M.
name: Holm, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of excluded volume interactions on the electrolyte distribution around a charged macroion. First, we introduce a criterion for determining when hard-core effects should be taken into account beyond standard mean field Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) theory. Next, we demonstrate that several commonly proposed local density functional approaches for excluded volume interactions cannot be used for this purpose. Instead, we employ a non-local excess free energy by using a simple constant weight approach. We compare the ion distribution and osmotic pressure predicted by this theory with Monte Carlo simulations. They agree very well for weakly developed correlations and give the correct layering effect for stronger ones. In all investigated cases our simple weighted density theory yields more realistic results than the standard PB approach, whereas all local density theories do not improve on the PB density profiles but on the contrary, deviate even more from the simulation results.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Consumer attitudes toward GM food with hypothetical functional characteristics
Creators: name: Marin, Floriana
name: Notaro, Sandra
name: Marin, Floriana
name: Notaro, Sandra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: GMOs
subject: functional properties
subject: willingness to pay
subject: choice modelling

description: Since their introduction in the early 1990s, genetically modified organisms in agriculture tended to emphasize improved yield. Europeans, perceiving unacceptable risk and too little benefit, resoundingly disapproved of GMO use in agro-food processes. More recently, research has turned to developing products that use GMO components that better match consumer interest, including nutritionally enhanced foods, environmentally friendly crops, and other areas. The question that arises is whether Europeans perceive that the new, prospective benefits outweigh the olds risks, opening the market to such products. This paper investigates consumer preferences for a number of hypothetical genetic modifications in a widely consumed food product: yoghurt. We explore the issue using discrete-choice, multi-attribute, stated-preference data. Our analysis of the data shows that consumers attribute low importance to prospected benefits in judging gene technology applications. Moreover, data demonstrates that consumers don't feel that labels and certification alone offer sufficient safeguards from perceived danger. Conversely, better information through scientific research does seem to have an impact.
Cosmological constant and time delay
Creators: name: Schucker, Thomas
name: Zaimen, Noureddine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of the cosmological constant on the time delay caused by an isolated spherical mass is calculated without using the lens equation and compared to a recent observational bound on the time delay of the lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
The best place and time to live in the Milky Way
Creators: name: Spinelli, R.
name: Ghirlanda, G.
name: Haardt, F.
name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Scuderi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Counted among the most powerful cosmic events, supernovae (SNe) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be highly disruptive for life: Their radiation can be harmful for biota or induce extinction by removing most of the protective atmospheric ozone layer from terrestrial planets (TPs). Nearby high-energy transient astrophysical events have been proposed as possible triggers of mass extinctions on Earth. We assess the habitability of the Milky Way (MW) throughout its cosmic history against potentially disruptive astrophysical transients with the aim of identifying the safest places and epochs within our Galaxy. We also test the hypothesis that one long GRB played a leading role in the late Ordovician mass-extinction event (~445 Myr ago). We characterised the habitability of the MW throughout its cosmic history as a function of galactocentric distance of TPs. We estimated the dangerous effects of transient astrophysical events (long and short GRBs and SNe) with a model that connects their rate to the specific star formation and metallicity evolution within the Galaxy throughout its cosmic history. Our model also accounts for the probability that TPs form around FGK and M stars. Until about six billion years ago, the outskirts of the Galaxy were the safest places to live, despite the relatively low density of TPs. In the last about four billion years, regions between 2 and 8 kpc from the center, which had a higher density of TPs, became the best places for a relatively safer biotic life growth. We confirm the hypothesis that one long GRB played a leading role in the late Ordovician mass-extinction event. In the last 500 Myr, the safest neighborhood in the Galaxy was a region at a distance of 2 to 8 kpc from the Galactic center, whereas the MW outskirts were sterilized by two to five long GRBs.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for pubblication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ammonia in Infrared Dark Clouds
Creators: name: Pillai, Thushara
name: Wyrowski, Friedrich
name: Carey, Sean J.
name: Menten, Karl M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared Dark Clouds appear to be the long sought population of cold and dense aggregations with the potential of harbouring the earliest stages of massive star formation. Up to now there has been no systematic study on the temperature distribution, velocity fields, chemical and physical state toward this new cloud population. Knowing these properties is crucial for understanding the presence, absence and the very potential of star formation. The present paper aims at addressing these questions. We analyse temperature structures and velocity fields and gain information on their chemical evolution. The gas emission is remarkably coextensive with the extinction seen at infrared wavelengths and with the submillimeter dust emission. Our results show that IRDCs are on average cold (T < 20 K) and have variations among the different cores. IRDC cores are in virial equilibrium, are massive (M > 100 M_sun), highly turbulent (1 -- 3 km/s) and exhibit significant velocity structure (variations around 1 -- 2 km/s over the cloud). We find an increasing trend in temperature from IRDCs with high ammonia column density to high mass protostellar objects and hot core/Ultracompact Hii regions stages of early warm high-mass star formation while linewidths of IRDCs are smaller. On the basis of this sample, we infer that while active star formation is not yet pervasive in most IRDCs, local condensations might collapse in the future or have already begun forming stars.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, in press in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Does taste beat food safety? Evidence from the "Pera Rocha" case in Portugal
Creators: name: Combris, Pierre
name: Pinto, Alexandra Seabra
name: Fragata, Antonio
name: Giraud-Heraud, Eric
name: Combris, Pierre
name: Pinto, Alexandra Seabra
name: Fragata, Antonio
name: Giraud-Heraud, Eric
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Experimental auction
subject: Willingness to pay
subject: Quality signals
subject: Food safety
subject: Fruits.

description: Until recently, fresh fruits such as pears were provided to markets as generic products. However, these products are now differentiated by cultivars, origins and appearances, as well as by companies' production and processing methods. Therefore, we observe a lot of denominations of origin, retailers' and private labels in order to signal the differentiation to the consumers, who are often willing to pay large price premiums for products with specific attributes. Indeed the value consumers put on fruits depends on the degree of product-information that are available to them and this information derives mainly from tasting and from the label of the products. In this paper, we used an experimental auction to investigate how quality attributes information affects consumers' willingness to pay for different types of pears, particularly choosing the Portuguese "Rocha" pear variety. The BDM auction mechanism was combined with sensory analyses in order to develop an integrated approach to evaluate product attributes. The main results show that information on the products' characteristics related to food safety instantly influences consumers' willingness to pay. However, it appears that sensory intrinsic attributes related to taste finally beats the guarantee of food safety in driving the buying behaviour.
title: Quelles interventions infirmières, en termes de prévention primaire et secondaire afin d'améliorer la prévention des grossesses non désirées chez les adolescentes immigrées en Suisse, Quelles interventions infirmières, en termes de prévention primaire et secondaire afin d'améliorer la prévention des grossesses non désirées chez les adolescentes immigrées en Suisse ?
title: Quelles interventions infirmières, en termes de prévention primaire et secondaire afin d'améliorer la prévention des grossesses non désirées chez les adolescentes immigrées en Suisse ?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Oppliger, Élodie
name: Pomyers, Inès De
name: Busto Rodriguez, Yessica
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: interventions infirmières
subject: adolescentes
subject: immigration
subject: grossesses non désirées
subject: prévention
subject: sexualité
subject: hesav TB SI

description: Contexte : Le taux de naissances chez les adolescentes de 15 à 19 ans dans le monde s’élève à 45‰. Celui de l’Afrique Subsaharienne qui est le plus élevé, pour cette même population, est de 112,8‰ tandis qu’en Suisse il atteint les 2‰. Cette différence de taux serait due à un manque de connaissances sur la santé sexuelle et reproductive. Dans un contexte de migration, le taux d’interruption volontaire de grossesse chez les adolescentes immigrées en Suisse est de 4,5‰. Les conséquences de ces actes et des grossesses précoces non planifiées peuvent entraîner des problèmes au niveau bio-psycho-social ainsi qu’au niveau de la prise en soin. Objectif : Déterminer les interventions infirmières pour prévenir les grossesses non désirées chez les adolescentes immigrées. Méthode : Cette revue de littérature s’appuie sur sept articles issus de deux bases de données, Pubmed et CINHAL. La stratégie de recherche a permis de les sélectionner. Les études ont été analysées avec la grille de Fortin simplifiée. Les résultats sont présentés sous forme tabulaire et leur synthèse est développée selon cinq thématiques communes. Ces dernières sont, par la suite, mises en lien avec le modèle de promotion de la santé de Nola J. Pender et le modèle transculturel de Purnell. Résultats : Plusieurs éléments influencent les grossesses non désirées chez les adolescentes immigrées. Il s’agit des caractéristiques sociodémographiques, le manque de connaissances au sujet de la santé sexuelle et reproductive, l’adoption d’un comportement à risque, les méconnaissances et l’utilisation inadéquate des méthodes contraceptives ainsi que l’ambivalence face à l’avortement. La prise en soin optimale de cette population se fonde sur l’éducation à la santé et la prévention de ces thèmes. Conclusion : La prise en soin des adolescentes immigrées dépend de plusieurs facteurs. Les soignants doivent développer une communication interculturelle et des compétences transculturelles. L’égalité des chances doit être respectée. Les interventions infirmières découlent de la culture et des connaissances des adolescentes.