cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The state of the network : beta-testing a new governance for intellectual property
Creators: name: Hurwitz, Darrin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Before entering the mainstream market, programs in their beta form are tested, retested, designed and re-designed; eventually, the software is released to the public where it is incorporated into the existing network infrastructure. And that is precisely what is being done by the current powers that be - the corporations - with regard to the new 'legal' norms that must be established for the realization of a commercial Internet. Corporations are today testing different implementations of code and protocols that will soon leave beta form and become the means by which the commercially viable, Ecommerce friendly Internet is governed. Buttressed by secure protocols and a corporate friendly infrastructure, the state of the global digital network as an authoritative force in the legislative and social lives of the international commons of citizens will be strong. Today the primary Internet focus of media, governments, and corporations is on intellectual property: how to regain control over digital audio, how to curb software piracy, how to develop protocols that stream high quality video over the Internet but at the same time prevent that same infrastructure from promulgating digital piracy. This paper concludes that corporations can no longer rely on the traditional state-government model to legislate and enforce digital law. Innovative, efficient, and intrusive corporate tactics designed to regain control over intellectual will form the framework for a revolutionary model of social and political governance. Vulnerable digital intellectual property will thus be the reason - perhaps excuse - corporations will use to entrench potentially oppressive rules into the next-generation worldwide network infrastructure. Protocols and codes are tremendously powerful legal enforcement mechanisms. It is far more effective to wholly eliminate the recording function from an operating system than to implement anti-piracy legislation threatening legal action in the event individuals stray. There is but one certainty in the new governance of international law: states will find a renewed sense of purpose as protectors of their citizens. Actors that protect us from information hoarding, potentially rights-infringing, protocol rich, 'big-brother' Net- Powers must emerge. Ousted from making and enforcing digital laws, states must reposition themselves to safeguard our privacy, monitor and break-up rising Net-Power monopolies.
How to solve problems in micro- and nanofabrication caused by the emission of electrons and charged metal atoms during e-beam evaporation
Creators: name: Volmer, Frank
name: Seidler, Inga
name: Bisswanger, Timo
name: Tu, Jhih-Sian
name: Schreiber, Lars R.
name: Stampfer, Christoph
name: Beschoten, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how the emission of electrons and ions during electron-beam-induced physical vapor deposition can cause problems in micro- and nanofabrication processes. After giving a short overview of different types of radiation emitted from an electron-beam (e-beam) evaporator and how the amount of radiation depends on different deposition parameters and conditions, we highlight two phenomena in more detail: First, we discuss an unintentional shadow evaporation beneath the undercut of a resist layer caused by the one part of the metal vapor which got ionized by electron-impact ionization. These ions first lead to an unintentional build-up of charges on the sample, which in turn results in an electrostatic deflection of subsequently incoming ionized metal atoms towards the undercut of the resist. Second, we show how low-energy secondary electrons during the metallization process can cause cross-linking, blisters, and bubbles in the respective resist layer used for defining micro- and nanostructures in an e-beam lithography process. After the metal deposition, the cross-linked resist may lead to significant problems in the lift-off process and causes leftover residues on the device. We provide a troubleshooting guide on how to minimize these effects, which e.g. includes the correct alignment of the e-beam, the avoidance of contaminations in the crucible and, most importantly, the installation of deflector electrodes within the evaporation chamber.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Statistical Mechanics of Quantum-Classical Systems with Holonomic Constraints
Creators: name: Sergi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical mechanics of quantum-classical systems with holonomic constraints is formulated rigorously by unifying the classical Dirac bracket and the quantum-classical bracket in matrix form. The resulting Dirac quantum-classical theory, which conserves the holonomic constraints exactly, is then used to formulate time evolution and statistical mechanics. The correct momentum-jump approximation for constrained system arises naturally from this formalism. Finally, in analogy with what was found in the classical case, it is shown that the rigorous linear response function of constrained quantum-classical systems contains non-trivial additional terms which are absent in the response of unconstrained systems.
description: Submitted to Journal of Chemical Physics
The Portuguese Tomato Processing Sector: Market Structure, Concentration and Firm Behaviour
Creators: name: Martins, Maria De Fatima
name: De Oliveira, Lorena
name: Martins, Maria De Fatima
name: De Oliveira, Lorena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Tomato processing industry
subject: Concentration
subject: Firm Strategy
subject: Market power
subject: Competitiveness

description: The purpose of this paper is to study the evolution and the structure of the Portuguese processing tomato industry. We intend to pick up the dynamics, the strategic behaviour and structural the changes in the tomato industry in Portugal during the period of 1990-2005. An overview of world and domestic production and trade in the last two decades is followed by the descriptive analysis and by the development of the market structure. The market structure analysis was carried out during 1990 - 2002, under the Structure-Conduct-Performance framework. This paper examines the concentration effect on the performance and firm's strategy. The result indicates that, market concentration in tomato processing industry in quantity is a moderate concentrate market but the concentration level has increased over the years. In contrast the seller concentration has always been higher. The CR4 and HHI ratio indicates values between 75% - 91% and between 0.20-0.30 respectively. On some years, the power market measured by an approximation to the index Lerner indicates negatives values resulting from the negative net income. The results of the Index Lerner below 0,06, indicate, that the firms lacks market power. We did not find linkage between the market share and R&D expenses. Marketing costs are concentrated in four biggest companies but the concentration increase didn't change the marketing costs evolution and profits. The use of market share on advertising or research development is not observed.
The Global Market for Olive Oil: Actors, Trends, Prospects and Research Needs
Creators: name: Anania, Giovanni
name: Pupo D'Andrea, Maria Rosaria
name: Anania, Giovanni
name: Pupo D'Andrea, Maria Rosaria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Olive oil is possibly the single globally consumed and traded product most closely linked to the Mediterranean; non-Mediterranean countries account for less than 2.5 per cent of world production. The paper addresses recent trends in the olive oil world market and the current structure of trade. With respect to existing analyses, its value added is in the level of detail at which the analysis of current trade is conducted, in particular by considering bilateral olive oil trade flows disaggregated with respect to its quality. The main conclusion reached is that the key factors for the future of the market are developments in demands and in the imperfectly competitive structure of the industry, while supply factors and expected changes in trade policies, although relevant, are likely to play a less important role.
Pole-skipping and hydrodynamic analysis in Lifshitz, AdS$_2$ and Rindler geometries
Creators: name: Yuan, Haiming
name: Ge, Xian-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "pole-skipping" phenomenon reflects that the retarded Green's function is not unique at a pole-skipping point in momentum space $(ω,k)$. We explore the universality of the pole-skipping in different geometries. In holography, near horizon analysis of the bulk equation of motion is a simpler way to derive a pole-skipping point and we use this method in Lifshitz, AdS$_2$ and Rindler geometries. We also study the complex hydrodynamic analyses and find that the dispersion relations in terms of dimensionless variables $\fracω{2πT}$ and $\frac{\vert k\vert}{2πT}$ pass through pole-skipping points $(\frac{ω_n}{2πT}, \frac{\vert k_n\vert}{2πT}$) at small $ω$ and $k$ in Lifshitz background. We verify that the position of the pole-skipping points does not depend on the standard quantization or alternative quantization in the boundary theory in AdS$_2\times\mathbb{R}^{d-1}$ geometry. In Rindler geometry, we cannot find the corresponding Green's function to calculate pole-skipping points because it is difficult to impose the boundary condition. However we can obtain "special points" near horizon where bulk equations of motion have two incoming solutions. These "special points" correspond to nonunique of the Green's function in physical meaning from the perspective of holography.
A spin-polarized scheme for obtaining quasi-particle energies within the density functional theory
Creators: name: Barbiellini, B.
name: Bansil, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss an efficient scheme for obtaining spin-polarized quasi-particle excitation energies within the general framework of the density functional theory (DFT). Our approach is to correct the DFT eigenvalues via the electrostatic energy of a majority or minority spin electron resulting from its interaction with the associated exchange and correlation holes by using appropriate spin-resolved pair correlation functions. A version of the method for treating systems with localized orbitals, including the case of partially filled metallic bands, is considered. Illustrative results on Cu are presented.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Chem. Solids
Schiff Theorem and the Electric Dipole Moments of Hydrogen-Like Atoms
Creators: name: Liu, C. -P.
name: Haxton, W. C.
name: Ramsey-Musolf, M. J.
name: Timmermans, R. G. E.
name: Dieperink, A. E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schiff theorem is revisited in this work and the residual $P$- and $T$-odd electron--nucleus interaction, after the shielding takes effect, is completely specified. An application is made to the electric dipole moments of hydrogen-like atoms, whose qualitative features and systematics have important implication for realistic paramagnetic atoms.
description: 3 pages. Contribution to PANIC05, Particles and Nuclei International Conference, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Oct. 24-28, 2005
Assessing Euro-Med Trade Preferences: The Case of Entry Price Reduction
Creators: name: Gomez, Victor D. Martinez
name: Gomez, Victor D. Martinez
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The EU protects some of its fruits and vegetables through the entry price system. This system consists on a two-tiered tariff, with high-priced exports paying an ad valorem tariff, whereas low-priced exports pay also a supplementary specific tariff. The breaking point between high and low export prices is the entry price level decided by the EU, generally the same level for all third countries. In a few cases, some Southern Mediterranean partners of the EU have agreed a reduced entry price for their exports, together with the more common ad valorem tariff reduction. Among the indicators used for gauge the value of preferences, there is no one devoted to this case of reduced entry price, hence we develop a new indicator that allows to split which part of the preferential gains corresponds to the entry price reduction and which part corresponds to the "usual" ad valorem tariff reduction. We apply this methodology to Moroccan clementines trade flows, with two main findings: 1) The entry price reduction ranges up to 39% of the economic value of preferences in some months; 2) Morocco is not maximizing the gains due to this reduction, and could take some trade and policy lessons, mainly trying to better fit to the concession or, if impossible, use it as negotiating capital in future reviews of the agreement.
Krumwiede, Hans-Walter: Geschichte des Christentums III. Neuzeit: 17. bis 20. Jahrhundert
Creators: name: Kantzenbach, Friedrich Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 27 Nr. 1 (1978): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 27, Heft 1
Globalization and wine business: Port wine
Creators: name: Rebelo, Joao
name: Correia, Leonida
name: Caldas, Jose Vaz
name: Rebelo, Joao
name: Correia, Leonida
name: Caldas, Jose Vaz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: In the past two decades the world has seen acceleration in the process of globalisation, affecting virtually all industries and consumers. The wine sector is no exception, witnessing increased exports and imports, decreasing consumption per capita in the producing countries, and a wave of direct foreign investment and mergers and acquisitions in the industry. Among European wine producers the Port wine can be seen as a representative case of globalisation and as a benchmark, because almost 90% of its production is exported. With this in mind, the main objective of this paper is to analyse the structure and behaviour of the Port wine chain in terms of industrial organisation and trade. To achieve this objective a survey about the role of organisations in national growth and descriptions of the European wine industry and of the Port wine chain was conducted. Moreover, we identify and characterise the dynamics of production, price and trade of the Port wine after World War II. Despite the Port wine activity having been subjected to cycles there has been a trend toward a continued increase in production and exports, stabilisation of real market prices and a slight increase in the real prices paid to grape growers, leading to positive economic effects for Port wine firms and grape growers. The pro-active behaviour of Port wine chain agents contributed to this result, namely exporters who were able to adopt market strategies to respond to the challenges of globalisation.
Thermodynamics of memory erasure via a spin reservoir
Creators: name: Croucher, Toshio
name: Vaccaro, Joan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Thermodynamics with multiple-conserved quantities offers a promising direction for designing novel devices. For example, Vaccaro and Barnett's [J. A. Vaccaro and S. M. Barnett, Proc. R. Soc. A 467, 1770 (2011); S. M. Barnett and J. A. Vaccaro, Entropy 15, 4956 (2013)] proposed information erasure scheme, where the cost of erasure is solely in terms of a conserved quantity other than energy, allows for new kinds of heat engines. In recent work, we studied the discrete fluctuations and average bounds of the erasure cost in spin angular momentum. Here we clarify the costs in terms of the spin equivalent of work, called spinlabor, and the spin equivalent of heat, called spintherm. We show that the previously-found bound on the erasure cost of $γ^{-1}\ln{2}$ can be violated by the spinlabor cost, and only applies to the spintherm cost. We obtain three bounds for spinlabor for different erasure protocols and determine the one that provides the tightest bound. For completeness, we derive a generalized Jarzynski equality and probability of violation which shows that for particular protocols the probability of violation can be surprisingly large. We also derive an integral fluctuation theorem and use it to analyze the cost of information erasure using a spin reservoir.
Total Cofibres of Diagrams of Spectra
Creators: name: Huettemann, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P99 (Primary) 57Q05 (Secondary)

description: If Y is a diagram of spectra indexed by an arbitrary poset C together with a specified sub-poset D, we define the total cofibre Γ(Y) of Y as the strict cofibre of the map from hocolim_D (Y) to hocolim_C (Y). We construct a comparison map from the homotopy limit of Y to a looping of a fibrant replacement of Gamma (Y), and characterise those poset pairs (C,D) for which this comparison map is a stable equivalence. The characterisation is given in terms of stable cohomotopy of spaces related to C and D. For example, if C is a finite polytopal complex with underlying space an m-ball with boundary sphere D, then holim_C (Y) and Γ(Y) agree up to m-fold looping and up to stable equivalence. As an application of the general result we give a spectral sequence for the homotopy groups of Γ(Y) with E_2-term involving higher derived inverse limits of π_* (Y), generalising earlier constructions for space-valued diagrams indexed by the face lattice of a polytope.
description: 11 pages; LaTeX source code uses Paul Taylor's "diagrams" and "QED" macro packages; some diagrams may not display correctly with DVI viewers; paper also available at http://nyjm.albany.edu:8000/j/2005/11-16.html
The Impact of Property Rights Imperfections on Resource Allocation: Co-Ownership of Land in Bulgaria
Creators: name: Vranken, Liesbet
name: Macours, Karen
name: Noev, Nivelin
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Vranken, Liesbet
name: Macours, Karen
name: Noev, Nivelin
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This paper analyzes how imperfections of property rights affect allocation of assets and welfare, using micro-survey data from Bulgaria. Co-ownership of assets is widespread in many countries due to inheritance. Central and Eastern Europe offers an interesting natural experiment to assess the effects of such rights imperfections because of the asset restitution process in the 1990s. Bulgaria is particularly interesting because of the prominence of the co-ownership problem (about half of all land plots are co-owned), because of the strong fragmentation of land, and because of legislation providing an instrument to separate out chosen (endogenous) versus forced (exogenous) forms of co-ownership. We find that land in co-ownership is much more likely to be used by less efficient farm organizations or to be left abandoned, and that it leads to significant welfare losses.
Quantum scarring in a spin-boson system: fundamental families of periodic orbits
Creators: name: Pilatowsky-Cameo, Saúl
name: Villaseñor, David
name: Bastarrachea-Magnani, Miguel A.
name: Lerma-Hernández, Sergio
name: Santos, Lea F.
name: Hirsch, Jorge G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the name indicates, a periodic orbit is a solution for a dynamical system that repeats itself in time. In the regular regime, periodic orbits are stable, while in the chaotic regime, they become unstable. The presence of unstable periodic orbits is directly associated with the phenomenon of quantum scarring, which restricts the degree of delocalization of the eigenstates and leads to revivals in the dynamics. Here, we study the Dicke model in the superradiant phase and identify two sets of fundamental periodic orbits. This experimentally realizable atom-photon model is regular at low energies and chaotic at high energies. We study the effects of the periodic orbits in the structure of the eigenstates in both regular and chaotic regimes and obtain their quantized energies. We also introduce a measure to quantify how much scarred an eigenstate gets by each family of periodic orbits and compare the dynamics of initial coherent states close and away from those orbits.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures (as published)
Measuring the Economic Performance of Australian Fisheries Management
Creators: name: Rayns, Nick
name: Read, Kathryn
name: Rayns, Nick
name: Read, Kathryn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Australia recently introduced a revised 'economic' objective to its Fisheries Management Act that has given greater focus to the economic performance of Australian fisheries management. Specifically, the objective requires the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) to pursue maximising net economic returns to the Australian community from Commonwealth fishery resources when making fishery management decisions. The technical challenge is how to measure AFMA's performance in pursuing this objective. Separation of all other factors that influence fishing industry returns from decisions made by AFMA is the first step. Alternative economic analyses to achieving this are considered. The policy challenge is to gain industry acceptance that AFMA has a role in managing for both biological and economic sustainability that can benefit the industry and the Australian public. The role and views of AFMA, its Management Advisory Committees (MACs), Resource Assessment Groups (RAGs) and industry associations in this process are explored. Two fisheries are discussed as examples of applying fishery economic performance measures, the Northern Prawn Fishery and the Albacore Fishery adjacent to the east coast of Australia.
Productivity Growth and the Returns from Public Investment in R&D in Australian Broadacre Agriculture
Creators: name: Mullen, John D.
name: Mullen, John D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Productivity
subject: research and development
subject: research evaluation

description: Investment in R&D has long been regarded as an important source of productivity growth in Australian agriculture. Perhaps because research lags are long, current investment in R&D is monitored closely. Investment in R&D has been flat while productivity growth has remained strong, relative both to other sectors of the Australian economy and to the agricultural sectors of other countries. Such productivity growth, at a time when the decline in terms of trade facing Australian farmers has slowed, may have enhanced the competitiveness of Australian agriculture. The econometric results presented here suggest no evidence of a decline in the returns from research from the 15- 40 percent per annum range estimated by Mullen and Cox. In fact the marginal impact of research increases with research over the range of investment levels experienced from 1953 to 2000, a finding which lends support to the view that there is underinvestment in agricultural research. These results were obtained from econometric models which maintain strong assumptions about how investments in research and extension translate into changes in TFP. Hence some caution in interpreting the results is warranted.
The responsiveness of Australian farm performance to changes in irrigation water use and trade
Creators: name: Bell, Rosalyn
name: Gali, Jyothi
name: Gretton, Paul
name: Redmond, Ineke
name: Bell, Rosalyn
name: Gali, Jyothi
name: Gretton, Paul
name: Redmond, Ineke
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: farm performance
subject: irrigation
subject: water trade
subject: price elasticity

description: The flexibility of farms to respond to changing economic or environmental conditions has received attention in recent years, particularly in the context of changes in the availability and pricing of irrigation water. This study uses a new unit record data set of Australian farms and a generalised profit-function framework to assess the links between farm performance and water use practices, involvement in water trading and other farm characteristics. Amongst other findings, the study provides experimental estimates of the responsiveness of the demand for irrigation water to price changes and the impact of farmers either buying or selling water on farm profits, after controlling for other factors.
Updated constraints on decaying cold dark matter
Creators: name: Nygaard, Andreas
name: Tram, Thomas
name: Hannestad, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we update the constraints on the simple decaying cold dark matter (DCDM) model with dark radiation (DR) as decay product. We consider two different regimes of the lifetime, i.e. short-lived and long-lived, and use the most recent CMB data from Planck (2018) to infer new constraints on the decay parameters with which we compare the constraints inferred by the previous Planck data (2015). We hereby show that the newest CMB data constrains the fractional amount of DCDM twice as much as the previous data in the long-lived regime, leading to our current best 2$σ$ upper bound of $f_{\rm dcdm}<2.44\%$. In the short-lived regime, we get a slightly looser 2$σ$ upper bound of $f_{\rm dcdm}<13.1\%$ compared to the previous CMB data. If we include Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations data from BOSS DR-12, the constraints in both the long-lived and the short-lived regimes relax to $f_{\rm dcdm}<2.62\%$ and $f_{\rm dcdm}<1.49\%$, respectively. We also investigate how this model impacts the Hubble and $σ_8$ tensions, and we find that each of the decay regimes can slightly relieve a different one of the tensions. The model can thus not accommodate both tensions at once, and the improvements on each are not significant. We furthermore improve on previous work by thoroughly analysing the impacts of short-lived DCDM on the radiation density and deriving a mapping between short-lived DCDM and a correction, $ΔN_{\rm eff}$, to the effective number of massless neutrino species.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures. Major revision after submission to JCAP. Erroneous results have been corrected and a section discussing the impact on the Hubble and $\sigma_8$ tensions has been added
Pulsar kicks via spin-1 color superconductivity
Creators: name: Schmitt, Andreas
name: Shovkovy, Igor A.
name: Wang, Qun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new neutrino propulsion mechanism for neutron stars which can lead to strong velocity kicks, needed to explain the observed bimodal velocity distribution of pulsars. The spatial asymmetry in the neutrino emission is naturally provided by a stellar core containing spin-1 color-superconducting quark matter in the A phase. The neutrino propulsion mechanism switches on when the stellar core temperature drops below the transition temperature of this phase.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Erratum added
Constraint on intermediate-range gravity from earth-satellite and lunar orbiter measurements, and lunar laser ranging
Creators: name: Li, Guangyu
name: Zhao, Haibin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the experimental tests of gravity, there have been considerable interests in the possibility of intermediate-range gravity. In this paper, we use the earth-satellite measurement of earth gravity, the lunar orbiter measurement of lunar gravity, and lunar laser ranging measurement to constrain the intermediate-range gravity from lambda=1.2*10^{7}m - 3.8*10^{8}m. The limits for this range are alpha=10^{-8}-5*10^{-8}, which improve previous limits by about one order of magnitude in the range lambda=1.2*10^{7}m-3.8*10^{8}m.
description: 8 pages, International Journal of Modern Physics D, in press (World Scientific, 2005)
A Bioeconomic Analysis of the Duration of Conservation Contracts
Creators: name: Crowe, Bronwyn
name: White, Benedict
name: Crowe, Bronwyn
name: White, Benedict
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: POMDP
subject: biodiversity
subject: contracts
subject: monitoring

description: Conservation and restoration of native vegetation is often a gradual process which may require many years to transform an ecosystem from one vegetative state to a target ecosystem. This process is stochastic, with some changes potentially irreversible. In contrast, contracts with landholders to undertake conservation measures on their property are typically for less than ten years and often make no contingencies for re-contracting at the end of the contract period. The risk to land holders and conservation agencies of contracts not being renewed and the consequent potential loss of previous investment means including covenants in conservation contracts may be attractive to both parties. A model is developed to empirically examine the optimal dynamic conservation contract and the possible role of covenants in the costs and benefits of contracts.
Building Viable and Sustainable Regional Netchains: Case Studies of Regional Pork Netchains in Spain, Germany, and The Netherlands
Creators: name: Nijhoff‐Savvaki, Rannia
name: Trienekens, Jacques
name: Omta, Onno
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2012
Subjects: Netchain innovation; Region; Governance mechanisms; Social Embedding; Risk; Uncertainty

description: The present paper aims to give insight into critical issues contributing to the successful building of viable and sustainable regional netchains, focussing on chain governance mechanisms (coordination mechanisms, quality management systems, information systems) and social embedding. It uses three representative case studies from the regional pork sector in Spain, Germany, and The Netherlands, illustrating different trajectories to commercially viable and sustainable regional netchains. By analysing the cases on each critical aspect, the present paper describes important issues and proposes specific elements of further research, including on the roles for
(non)governmental organisations.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
The Resilience Approach Contribution to Rural Communities Social Assessment for Social Sustainability Based Strategies Implement.
Creators: name: Severi, Claudia
name: Rota, Cosimo
name: Zanasi, Cesare
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2012
Subjects: Social Assessment; Resilience; Sustainability; Rural Communities; Food System

description: Evaluating the rural communities capacity to manage changes is of paramount importance for effective Social Sustainability strategies identification. The aim of the present study is to analyze if social resilience can be integrated into the social assessment of rural communities, with the aim of implementing sustainability-oriented policies and strategies.
A literature review was carried out on the Resilience approach definition and its application to the Social Assessment in rural areas. The analysis showed that the Resilience approach enriches the Social Assessment by focusing on the specific capabilities of the communities in managing changes. The Resilience perspective embraces the dynamic character of communities and human-ecosystem interactions providing a deeper understanding of how a community’s positive response to change can be strengthened and supported. Moreover, the specific focus on rural communities highlights how strongly social and ecological resilience are intertwined in guaranteeing social sustainability which, in turn, is strictly interrelated with environmental and economic sustainability.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
Farm-to-Fork: A Proposed Revision of the Classical Food Miles Concept
Creators: name: Wong, Alfred
name: Hallsworth, Alan
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2012
Subjects: carbon dioxide; emission; food supply; tomato; Vancouver

description: The “Food Miles” concept was introduced in the UK nearly two decades ago in order to highlight the emissions of CO2 that arise during the transportation of food grown in distant locations. The concept has subsequently energized urban citizens to re-consider the on-purpose purchase of locally grown foods. The important contribution of CO2 emitted in heated greenhouse operations has heretofore been routinely omitted from the “Food Miles” accounting protocol. In the analysis of tomato supply to Vancouver, the CO2 emission was estimated to be about 7 times higher for tomatoes grown in local greenhouses than in local open fields.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
A general framework to test gravity using galaxy clusters III: Observable-mass scaling relations in $f(R)$ gravity
Creators: name: Mitchell, Myles A.
name: Arnold, Christian
name: Li, Baojiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test two methods, including one that is newly proposed in this work, for correcting for the effects of chameleon $f(R)$ gravity on the scaling relations between the galaxy cluster mass and four observable proxies. Using the first suite of cosmological simulations that simultaneously incorporate both full physics of galaxy formation and Hu-Sawicki $f(R)$ gravity, we find that these rescaling methods work with a very high accuracy for the gas temperature, the Compton $Y$-parameter of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect and the X-ray analogue of the $Y$-parameter. This allows the scaling relations in $f(R)$ gravity to be mapped to their $Λ$CDM counterparts to within a few percent. We confirm that a simple analytical tanh formula for the ratio between the dynamical and true masses of haloes in chameleon $f(R)$ gravity, proposed and calibrated using dark-matter-only simulations in a previous work, works equally well for haloes identified in simulations with two very different -- full-physics and non-radiative -- baryonic models. The mappings of scaling relations can be computed using this tanh formula, which depends on the halo mass, redshift and size of the background scalar field, also at a very good accuracy. Our results can be used for accurate determination of the cluster mass using SZ and X-ray observables, and will form part of a general framework for unbiased and self-consistent tests of gravity using data from present and upcoming galaxy cluster surveys. We also propose an alternative test of gravity, using the $Y_{\rm X}$-temperature relation, which does not involve mass calibration.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures; version accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Metadistrict as the Territorial Strategy: From Set Theory and a Matrix Organization Model Hypothesis
Creators: name: Contò, Francesco
name: Fiore, Mariantoinetta
name: La Sala, Piermichele
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2012
Subjects: Network; Local Action Group; Food Chain; Agro‐food District

description: The purpose of this proposal is to explore a new concept of 'Metadistrict' to be applied in a region of Southern Italy – Apulia ‐ in order to analyze the impact that the activation of a special network between different sector chains and several integrated projects may have for revitalizing the local economy; an important role is assigned to the network of relationships and so to the social capital. The Metadistrict model stems from the Local Action Groups and the Integrated Projects of Food Chain frameworks. It may represent a crucial driver of the rural economy through the realization of sector circuits connected to the concept of multi‐functionality in agriculture, that is Network of the Territorial Multi‐functionality. It was formalized by making use of a set of theories and of a Matrix Organization Model. The adoption of the Metadistrict perspective as the territorial strategy may play a key role to revitalize the primary sector, through the increase of economic and productive opportunities due to the implementation of a common and shared strategy and organization.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 3, No 1 (2012)
Class, race and ethnicity : Chinese Canadian entrepreneurs in Vancouver
Creators: name: James, Aaron Jerome West
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In research on immigrant enterprise, scholars argue that entrepreneurs mobilize informal support and resources from ethnic affiliations to overcome barriers associated with their immigrant or 'racial' status. The presumed relationship between ethnicity and entrepreneurship is relatively straight forward: immigrant entrepreneurs facing cultural or economic barriers use ethnic resources to propel their economic strategies. This assumption is brought under scrutiny in a study of Chinese Canadian immigrant entrepreneurs in Vancouver, Canada who arrived after 1967, many of whom are skilled professionals, affluent investors, and experienced entrepreneurs. Some have formed corporate ethnic enterprises and many maintain extensive social and commercial ties abroad. What relationship exists between ethnicity and entrepreneurship in this setting? Do these conditions necessitate new approaches or concepts? These questions are explored in the course of the study. Using ethnographic methods, this study examines the changing patterns and composition of Chinese Canadian rmmigrant entrepreneurship and the role of ethnic ties in this process. Consideration is given to the historical precedents and class and cultural politics surrounding the immigration and participation of Chinese Canadian entrepreneurs and workers in the Vancouver economy. The study concludes that existing theory on immigrant enterprise needs move beyond a narrow focus on ethnicity to consider the historical and cultural context of immigrant entrepreneurship.
Environmental economics and valuation: towards a practical investment framework for Catchment Management Authorities in New South Wales
Creators: name: Farquharson, Robert J.
name: Hill, Christine M.
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Tracey, Jacqueline
name: Farquharson, Robert J.
name: Hill, Christine M.
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Tracey, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental
subject: economics
subject: choice modelling
subject: non-use values
subject: investment framework

description: The Catchment Management Authorities in New South Wales have programs that are collectively investing $436 million over four years to achieve catchment-wide natural resource/environmental improvements. In this paper, we consider the question of how to best allocate these resources so as to increase the well-being of the public within catchments and the state. We consider the current approaches used by CMAs and make a case for Benefit-Cost Analysis as an alternative means of assessing ex ante questions of priority setting at the catchment level and for project appraisal. A major issue for BCA is the estimation of potential benefits from project investments, particularly the estimation of values that catchment communities and those living outside the catchments place on the non-use benefits associated with environmental improvements. We discuss alternative means of eliciting such values and propose the stated-preference method of Choice Modelling as a means of overcoming this Benefit-Cost Analysis shortcoming, because it incorporates advances in non-market valuation.
Organizational Innovation and Institutional Change: The Case of Valio in Finland
Creators: name: Lamprinakis, Lampros
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2012
Subjects: organizational innovation; structural change; qualitative; analysis; Valio; Finland

description: Firms in the agri-food industry are embedded in a system of institutions, regulations and policies that shape their economic environment and affect their conduct and performance. Changes in this system can propose new challenges for the firms that need to adequately and efficiently change and adapt to the emerging environment. The following article examines how deep structural changes in the institutional and regulatory setting can be effectively addressed by organizational innovation and what can be the catalysts behind a successful innovation effort. In doing so the analysis examines the case of Valio, the largest Finnish dairy company and its reconstruction effort due to Finland’s EU accession in 1995. After years of restructuring and changing its business model the company remains a major player in Finland and one of the most well-known brands in the region.
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 3, No 2 (2012)
Estimating Demand Elasticities for a Small Island Economy: Fiji
Creators: name: Hone, Phillip
name: Haszler, Henry
name: Tubuna, Sakiusa
name: Waqavonovono, Epeli
name: Hone, Phillip
name: Haszler, Henry
name: Tubuna, Sakiusa
name: Waqavonovono, Epeli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Demand
subject: Food and Agriculture
subject: Stated Preference
subject: Survey

description: An understanding of the responsiveness of food demand to price changes is critical to decision making in the area of food policy. The estimation of these elasticities is difficult in developing countries, such as Fiji, due to a lack of reliable data. We review the existing data on food demand elasticities in Fiji and examine alternative approaches to their estimation given the data constraints present. We use a stated preference approach to provide a new set of estimates of food demand elasticities for Fiji using cross section data.
H$_2$O maser emission from bright rimmed clouds in the northern hemisphere
Creators: name: Valdettaro, R.
name: Palla, F.
name: Brand, J.
name: Cesaroni, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a multi-epoch survey of water maser observations at 22.2 GHz with the Medicina radiotelescope from 44 bright rimmed clouds (BRCs) of the northern hemisphere identified by Sugitani et al. (1989) as potential sites of star formation. The data span 16 years of observations and allow to draw conclusions about the maser detection rate in this class of objects. In spite of the relatively high far-infrared luminosities of the embedded sources ($L_{\rm FIR}\ga 10^2$ L$_\odot$), H$_2$O maser emission was detected towards three globules only. Since the occurrence of water masers is higher towards bright IRAS sources, the lack of frequent H$_2$O maser emission is somewhat surprising if the suggestion of induced intermediate- and high-mass star formation within these globules is correct. The maser properties of two BRCs are characteristic of exciting sources of low-mass, while the last one (BRC~38) is consistent with an intermediate-mass object. We argue that most BRCs host young stellar objects of low-luminosity, likely in an evolutionary phase later than the protostellar Class 0 sources, and that a significant contribution to the observd IRAS luminosity comes from warm dust heated by the radiation from the bright rim.
description: Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press
A Whole- Farm Investment Analysis of Some Precision Agriculture Technologies
Creators: name: Knight, Brad
name: Malcolm, Bill
name: Knight, Brad
name: Malcolm, Bill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Farm Management

description: This study uses a farm in the Victorian Mallee over the period 1998 - 2005 to analyse whole-farm profitability and risks of investing in Precision Agriculture and Site-Specific Crop Management systems. To answer the research questions, a model to predict yield under PA management is developed to simulate paddock and activity gross margins. Analysis is conducted that enables judgements to be formed about merit of investing in some PA technologies. The case study farm comprised 1400 hectares, with 900 hectares of cereals cropped each year. In this case, investment in Zone Management technologies did not meet the required return on capital. Using the relationship of paddock variability to profitability derived from the simulation data, in a year with median growing season rainfall, a variation of at least 2.5t/ha in yield across the paddock was required to meet the required rate of return on the Zone Management investment. A comparison using certain and uncertain seasonal knowledge assumptions indicated that seasonal variation has a much bigger impact on gross margins than spatial variation on this case study farm. Two equipment guidance systems were evaluated. Both systems earned more than 8 per cent on capital invested. Real-Time Kinetic (RTK) guidance with a precision of 2cm and a capital cost of $50,000 was outperformed in economic terms by a $20,000, 10cm accuracy Sub-Metre guidance system. The analysis of RTK guidance profitability showed that it would be important that producers who invest in this technology also adopt supporting management practices that enhance crop gross margins or provide other benefits. Investment in GPS guidance technology can be a worthwhile investment, provided the benefits per hectare are adequate and the capital cost is spread over sufficient hectares. This conclusion is endorsed by many Australian farmers who have moved towards GPS guidance.
Anomalous conductivity of two-dimensional Dirac electrons in organic conductor under pressures
Creators: name: Suzumura, Yoshikazu
name: Ogata, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electric conductivity of Dirac electrons in the organic conductor $α$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$I$_3$ [BEDT-TTF = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] under pressure has been examined using a two-dimensional tight-binding (TB) model with both impurity and electron--phonon (e--p) scatterings. We study an anomalous temperature dependence of the conductivity, which shows a crossover from $σ_{x} < σ_{y}$ at low temperatures [region (I)] to $σ_{x} > σ_{y}$ at high temperatures [region (II)]. $σ_y$ and $σ_x$ are diagonal conductivities parallel and perpendicular to a stacking axis of molecules, respectively. The effect of Dirac cone tilting is dominant in region (I), whereas the anisotropy of the velocity of the Dirac cone is dominant in region (II). Such behavior is further examined by calculating the deviation of principal axes due to the off-diagonal conductivity $σ_{xy}$ and a nearly constant conductivity at high temperatures due to the e--p scattering, which is the extension of the previous result of the simple two-band model [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 98},161205 (2018)]. The relevance to experiments of organic conductors is discussed.
description: 9 pages, 17 figures