cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Internal dipolar field and soft magnons in periodic nanocomposite magnets
Creators: name: Belemuk, A. M.
name: Chui, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spin wave excitations in a three-dimensional nanocomposite magnet of exchange coupled hard (SmCo$_5$) and soft (FeCo) phases. The dipolar interaction splits the spin wave energies into the upper and lower branches of the spin wave manifold. When the amount of the soft phase is increased the energy of low-lying spin excitations is considerably softened due to two reasons: (i) the low- lying mode locked into the soft phase region with a spin wave gap at ${\bf k}= 0$ which scales approximately proportional to the anisotropy constant of the soft phase and (ii) the internal dipolar field which comes from magnetic charges forming at hard-soft boundaries with normals parallel to the magnetization displaces the spin wave manifold toward the lower energies. With adding more soft phase the spin wave gap closes and the system moves to another ground state characterized by the magnetization mismatch between spins of the hard and soft phases.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Key steps involved in the generation of antigen-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy
Creators: name: Ward., Kate Alison
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Investigating global and topological order of states by local measurement and classical communication: Study on SPT phase diagrams by quantum energy teleportation
Creators: name: Ikeda, Kazuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distinguishing non-local orders, including global and topological orders of states through solely local measurements and classical communications (LOCC) is a highly non-trivial and challenging task since the topology of states is determined by the global characteristics of the many-body system, such as the system's symmetry and the topological space it is based on. Here we report that we reproduced the phase diagram of Ising model and symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases using the quantum energy teleportation protocol, which foresees non-trivial energy transfer between remote observers using the entanglement nature of the ground state and LOCC. The model we use includes the Haldane model, the AKLT model and the Kitaev model. Therefore our method paves a new general experimental framework to determine and quantify phase transitions in various condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics.
Cell‐level systems biology model to study inflammatory bowel diseases and their treatment options
Creators: name: Stübler, Sabine
name: Kloft, Charlotte
name: Huisinga, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: systems biology model
subject: inflammatory bowel diseases
subject: treatment
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: To help understand the complex and therapeutically challenging inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), we developed a systems biology model of the intestinal immune system that is able to describe main aspects of IBD and different treatment modalities thereof. The model, including key cell types and processes of the mucosal immune response, compiles a large amount of isolated experimental findings from literature into a larger context and allows for simulations of different inflammation scenarios based on the underlying data and assumptions. In the context of a large and diverse virtual IBD population, we characterized the patients based on their phenotype (in contrast to healthy individuals, they developed persistent inflammation after a trigger event) rather than on a priori assumptions on parameter differences to a healthy individual. This allowed to reproduce the enormous diversity of predispositions known to lead to IBD. Analyzing different treatment effects, the model provides insight into characteristics of individual drug therapy. We illustrate for anti‐TNF‐α therapy, how the model can be used (i) to decide for alternative treatments with best prospects in the case of nonresponse, and (ii) to identify promising combination therapies with other available treatment options.
Periodic orbits of mechanical systems with homogeneous polynomial terms of degree five
Creators: name: Ortega, Alberto Castro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work the existence of periodic solutions is studied for the Hamiltonian functions (Formula presented.) where the first term consist of a harmonic oscillator and the second term are homogeneous polynomials of degree 5 defined by two real parameters (Formula presented.) . Using the averaging method of second order we provide the sufficient conditions on the parameters to guarantee the existence of periodic solutions for positive energy and we study the stability of these periodic solutions.
description: DOI 10.1007/s10509-015-2612-0
Update of hadronic decays of $J/ψ$ and $ψ(2S)$ though virtual photons
Creators: name: Wang, Shudong
name: Li, Gang
name: Zhang, Zhaoling
name: Song, Weimin
name: Liao, Libo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hadronic decay branching ratios of $J/ψ$ and $ψ(2S)$ through virtual photons, $B(J/ψ, ψ(2S) \rightarrow γ^*\rightarrow \text{hadrons})$, are updated by using the latest published measurements of the $R$ value and the branching ratios of $J/ψ, ψ(2S) \rightarrow l^+l^-$. Their respective precision increases by about 4 and 3 times.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure
Lehren aus dem Gruppieren von Chemikalien zur Bewertung der Risiken für die Gesundheit des Menschen
Creators: name: Wohlleben, Wendel
name: Mehling, Annette
name: Landsiedel, Robert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Beschränkungen
subject: Gruppierung
subject: Sicherheit
subject: Verordnung
subject: Ähnlichkeit
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Analog zum Periodensystem, das Elemente nach ihrer Ähnlichkeit der Strukturen und chemischen Eigenschaften gruppiert, kann die Gefahr chemischer Stoffe in Gruppen mit ähnlichen Strukturen und ähnlichen toxikologischen Eigenschaften bewertet werden. Im Folgenden werden Fallbeispiele zu Gruppierungsstrategien vorgestellt, welche die Bewertungen von Gefahr, Exposition und Risiko für die menschliche Gesundheit unterstützen. Sowohl unter EU‐REACh als auch im US‐TSCA New Chemicals Programm ist in der Regel die strukturelle Ähnlichkeit die Grundlage für eine Gruppierungt. Allerdings ist dieses Kriterium nicht immer angemessen und ausreichend. Auf der Grundlage der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse leiten wir zehn Grundsätze für die Gruppierung ab, darunter: die transparente Darstellung des Zwecks der Gruppierung, die Definition der Kriterien für eine Gruppierung und die Grenzen der Gruppen, eine dieEinbeziehung oder der Ausschluss eines Stoffs in oder aus einer Gruppe aufgrund toxikologischer Eigenschaften und eine Begründung der Zuordnung durch robuste Daten aus angemessenen Methoden. Diese Grundsätze gelten sowohl für eine erste Gruppierung zur Priorisierung weiterer Maßnahmen als auch für die endgültige Gruppierung zur Gewinnung von Daten für die Risikobewertung. Beides kann ein effektives Risikomanagement forcieren.
Impact of the first-forbidden $β$ decay on the production of $A \sim 195$ r-process peak
Creators: name: Nishimura, Nobuya
name: Podolyák, Zsolt
name: Fang, Dong-Liang
name: Suzuki, Toshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the effects of first-forbidden transitions in $β$ decays on the production of the r-process $A \sim 195$ peak. The theoretical calculated $β$-decay rates with $β$-delayed neutron emission were examined using several astrophysical conditions. As the first-borbidden decay is dominant in $N \sim 126$ neutron-rich nuclei, their inclusion shortens $β$-decay lifetimes and shifts the abundance peak towards higher masses. Additionally, the inclusion of the $β$-delayed neutron emission results in a wider abundance peak, and smoothens the mass distribution by removing the odd-even mass staggering. The effects are commonly seen in the results of all adopted astrophysical models. Nevertheless there are quantitative differences, indicating that remaining uncertainty in the determination of half-lives for $N=126$ nuclei is still significant in order to determine the production of the r-process peak.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, Phys. Lett. B, in press
The evaluation and application of bronchoscopic based methods used in the assessment of human airway inflammation
Creators: name: Ward., Christopher
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Tuning shape-imposed anisotropy via magnetic multilayers on self-organized nanospheres
Creators: name: Qdemat, A.
name: Kentzinger, E.
name: Buitenhuis, J.
name: Pütter, S.
name: Hussein, Mai
name: Bednarski-Meinke, Connie
name: Petracic, O.
name: Brückel, Thomas
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: PGI-Day 2023, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Auditorium, Germany, 21 Aug 2023 - 21 Aug 2023
A Dirac-material-inspired non-linear electrodynamic model
Creators: name: Neves, M. J.
name: Gaete, Patricio
name: Ospedal, L. P. R.
name: Helayël-Neto, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and study the properties of a non-linear electrodynamics that emerges inspired on the physics of Dirac materials. This new electrodynamic model is an extension of the one-loop corrected non-linear effective Lagrangian computed in the work of ref. [3]. In the particular regime of a strong magnetic and a weak electric field, it reduces to the photonic non-linear model worked out by the authors of ref. [3]. We pursue our investigation of the proposed model by analyzing properties of the permittivity and permeability tensors, the energy-momentum tensor and wave propagation effects in presence of a uniform magnetic background. It is shown that the electrodynamics here presented exhibits the vacuum birefringence phenomenon. Subsequently, we calculate the lowest-order modifications to the interaction energy, considering still the presence of a uniform external magnetic field. Our analysis is carried out within the framework of the gauge-invariant but path-dependent variables formalism. The calculation reveals a screened Coulomb-like potential with an effective electric charge that runs with the external magnetic field but, as expected for Dirac-type materials, the screening disappears whenever the external magnetic field is switched off.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Doping dependence and electron-boson coupling in the ultrafast relaxation of hot electron populations in Ba(Fe_{1-x}Co_x)_2As_2
Creators: name: Avigo, I.
name: Thirupathaiah, S.
name: Ligges, M.
name: Wolf, T.
name: Fink, J.
name: Bovensiepen, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using femtosecond time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we investigate the effect of electron doping on the electron dynamics in Ba(Fe_{1-x}Co_x)_2As_2 in a range of 0 < x < 0.15 at temperatures slightly above the Néel temperature. By analyzing the time-dependent photoemission intensity of the pump laser excited population as a function of energy, we found that the relaxation times at 0 < E-E_F < 0.2 eV are doping dependent and about 100 fs shorter at optimal doping than for overdoped and parent compounds. Analysis of the relaxation rates also reveals the presence of a pump fluence dependent step in the relaxation time at E-E_F = 200meV which we explain by coupling of the excited electronic system to a boson of this energy. We compare our results with static ARPES and transport measurements and find disagreement and agreement concerning the doping-dependence, respectively. We discuss the effect of the electron-boson coupling on the energy-dependent relaxation and assign the origin of the boson to a magnetic excitation.
Angiotensin deficient FVB/N mice are normotensive
Creators: name: Rodrigues, André Felipe
name: Todiras, Mihail
name: Qadri, Fatimunnisa
name: Alenina, Natalia
name: Bader, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: angiotensin II
subject: blood pressure
subject: gene knockout
subject: RAS
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Background and Purpose All previous rodent models lacking the peptide hormone angiotensin II (Ang II) were hypotensive. A mixed background strain with global deletion of the angiotensinogen gene was backcrossed to the FVB/N background (Agt-KO), a strain preferred for transgenic generation. Surprisingly, the resulting line turned out to be normotensive. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the unique blood pressure regulation of FVB/N mice without angiotensin peptides. Experimental Approach Acute and chronic recordings of blood pressure (BP) in freely-moving adult mice were performed to establish baseline BP. The pressure responses to sympatholytic and sympathomimetic as well as a nitric oxide inhibitor and donor compounds were used to quantify the neurogenic tone and endothelial function. The role of the renal nerves on baseline BP maintenance was tested by renal denervation. Finally, further phenotyping was done by gene expression analysis, histology and measurement of metabolites in plasma, urine and tissues. Key Results Baseline BP in adult FVB/N Agt-KO was unexpectedly unaltered. As compensatory mechanisms Agt-KO presented an increased sympathetic nerve activity and reduced endothelial nitric oxide production. However, FVB/N Agt-KO exhibited the renal morphological and physiological alterations previously found in mice lacking the production of Ang II including polyuria and hydronephrosis. The hypotensive effect of bilateral renal denervation was blunted in Agt-KO compared to wildtype FVB/N mice. Conclusion and Implications We describe a germline Agt-KO line that challenges all previous knowledge on BP regulation in mice with deletion of the classical RAS. This line may represent a model of drug-resistant hypertension because it lacks hypotension.
Investigating the role of the respiratory microbiome and metabolome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Creators: name: Invernizzi, Rachele
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal fibrotic lung disease of unknown aetiology. There is growing evidence that the lung microbiota may play a role in IPF. However, no study has investigated the functional impact of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on disease pathogenesis. The aim of this thesis was to characterise the respiratory microbiome and metabolome in healthy controls and subjects with IPF and to investigate the influence of the SCFAs on human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) and human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) from these individuals. Subjects diagnosed with IPF (n=201) and healthy controls (n=40) were prospectively recruited and underwent bronchoscopy. Bacterial DNA was isolated and 16S rRNA gene sequencing undertaken to characterise bacterial communities. Untargeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopybased metabolomics and targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry captured the metabolic profile of these samples. PBECs, differentiated at air-liquid interface, and HLF from healthy controls and subjects with IPF were either left untreated or exposed to the SCFAs. Compared to healthy controls, the IPF microbiota was less diverse (P<0.01), and had increased proportions of Firmicutes (P<0.01), Streptococcus and Staphylococcus (P<0.05). Relative concentrations of the SCFAs were increased in IPF compared to healthy controls, and in IPF, propionate positively correlated with the bacterial burden (rho=0.47, P=8 x 10-5). Treatment of PBECs from IPF subjects but not healthy controls with the SCFAs led to morphological changes, a dose-dependent release of pro-inflammatory mediators in the cell supernatant, and a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) over time. Compared to baseline, exposure of IPF PBECs to 1 mM of propionate led to a 40% reduction in TEER and a significant increase (P<0.05) in the secretion of IL-6. Treatment of HLFs with 5 mM of propionate or butyrate was found to increase cell proliferation at 72 hours. Subjects with IPF display an altered microbiome which is associated with a distinct metabolic signature in the lower airways. Differences in bacterial genera and an increased bacterial burden in IPF results in changes in the SCFAs in the airways. In vitro work demonstrates the potential of these SCFAs to shape immunological responses in the lung, mediating the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
Desert lizard diversity worldwide: Effects of environment, time, and evolutionary rate
Creators: name: Tejero-Cicuéndez, Héctor
name: Tarroso, Pedro
name: Carranza, Salvador
name: Rabosky, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
subject: Global and Planetary Change

description: Aim: Biodiversity is not uniformly distributed across the Earth's surface, even among physiographically comparable biomes in different biogeographic regions. For lizards, the world's large desert regions are characterized by extreme heterogeneity in species richness, spanning some of the most species-rich (arid Australia) and species-poor (central Asia) biomes overall. Regional differences in species diversity may arise as a consequence of the interplay of several factors (e.g., evolutionary time, diversification rate, environment), but their relative importance for biogeographic patterns remains poorly known. Here we use distributional and phylogenetic data to assess the evolutionary and ecological drivers of large-scale variation in desert lizard diversity. Location: Deserts worldwide. Major taxa studied: Lizards (non-snake squamates). Methods: We specifically test whether diversity patterns are best explained by differences in the ages of arid-adapted lineages (evolutionary time hypothesis), by regional variation in speciation rate, by geographic area of the arid systems, and by spatial variation related to the environment (climate, topography, and productivity). Results: We found no effect of recent speciation rate and geographic area on differences in desert lizard diversity. We demonstrate that the extreme species richness of the Australian deserts cannot be explained by greater evolutionary time, because species began accumulating more recently there than in more species-poor arid regions. We found limited support for relationships between regional lizard richness and environmental variables, but these effects were inconsistent across deserts, showing a differential role of the environment in shaping the lizard diversity in different arid regions. Main conclusions: Our results provide evidence against several classic hypotheses for interregional variation in species richness, but also highlight the complexity of processes underlying vertebrate community richness in the world's great arid systems.
description: Funding provided by: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
Award Number: PGC2018‐098290‐B‐I00Funding provided by: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
Award Number: BES‐2016‐078341Funding provided by: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
Award Number: CGL2015‐70390‐P
Is $n\sinθ$ conserved along light path?
Creators: name: Noorbala, Mahdiyar
name: Sepehrinia, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Snell's law states that the quantity $n\sinθ$ is unchanged in refraction of light passing from one medium to another. We inquire whether this is true in the general case where the speed of light varies continuously within a medium. It turns out to be an instructive exercise in application of Snell's law and Fermat's principle. It also provides good pedagogical problems in calculus of variations to deal with the subtleties of a variable domain of integration and inclusion of constraints. The final result of these exercises is that, contrary to an initial expectation, the answer to the question in the title is negative.
description: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in European Journal of Physics. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0143-0807/37/2/025301
title: Was macht Mathematik effektiv?
title: Das Wie und Warum mathematischer Wirkung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Loos, Andreas
name: Sinn, Rainer
name: Ziegler, Günter M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Angewandte Mathematik
subject: reine Mathematik
subject: mathematische Physik
subject: Philosophie der Mathematik
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: Mathematik scheint den natürlichen Formalismus zur Beschreibung und Berechnung physikalischer Prozesse und Gesetzmäßigkeiten zu liefern. Umgekehrt haben physikalische Fragestellungen die Entwicklung der Mathematik angeregt und teilweise ihre Richtung bestimmt, und eigentlich gibt es keine scharfe Grenze zwischen Mathematik und Physik. Eine sinnvolle Einteilung bezieht sich eher auf die Motivation als auf die Untersuchungsgegenstände der Mathematik: Forschung wird betrieben, um mathematische Strukturen zu verstehen oder ist durch naturwissenschaftliche oder technisch‐industrielle Anwendungen motiviert.
GMCR: Graph-based Maximum Consensus Estimation for Point Cloud Registration
Creators: name: Gentner, Michael
name: Murali, Prajval Kumar
name: Kaboli, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Point cloud registration is a fundamental and challenging problem for autonomous robots interacting in unstructured environments for applications such as object pose estimation, simultaneous localization and mapping, robot-sensor calibration, and so on. In global correspondence-based point cloud registration, data association is a highly brittle task and commonly produces high amounts of outliers. Failure to reject outliers can lead to errors propagating to downstream perception tasks. Maximum Consensus (MC) is a widely used technique for robust estimation, which is however known to be NP-hard. Exact methods struggle to scale to realistic problem instances, whereas high outlier rates are challenging for approximate methods. To this end, we propose Graph-based Maximum Consensus Registration (GMCR), which is highly robust to outliers and scales to realistic problem instances. We propose novel consensus functions to map the decoupled MC-objective to the graph domain, wherein we find a tight approximation to the maximum consensus set as the maximum clique. The final pose estimate is given in closed-form. We extensively evaluated our proposed GMCR on a synthetic registration benchmark, robotic object localization task, and additionally on a scan matching benchmark. Our proposed method shows high accuracy and time efficiency compared to other state-of-the-art MC methods and compares favorably to other robust registration methods.
description: Accepted at icra 2023
CHISL: The Combined High-resolution and Imaging Spectrograph for the LUVOIR Surveyor
Creators: name: France, Kevin
name: Fleming, Brian
name: Hoadley, Keri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NASA is currently carrying out science and technical studies to identify its next astronomy flagship mission, slated to begin development in the 2020s. It has become clear that a Large Ultraviolet/Optical/IR (LUVOIR) Surveyor mission (primary diameter 12 m, 1000 Ang - 2 micron spectroscopic bandpass) can carry out the largest number of NASA's exoplanet and astrophysics science goals over the coming decades. There are technical challenges for several aspects of the LUVOIR Surveyor concept, including component level technology readiness maturation and science instrument concepts for a broadly capable ultraviolet spectrograph. We present the scientific motivation for, and a preliminary design of, a multiplexed ultraviolet spectrograph to support both the exoplanet and astrophysics goals of the LUVOIR Surveyor mission concept, the Combined High-resolution and Imaging Spectrograph for the LUVOIR Surveyor (CHISL). CHISL includes a high-resolution (R 120,000; 1000 - 1700 Ang) point-source spectroscopy channel and a medium resolution (R > 14,000 from 1000 - 2000 Ang in a single observation and R 24,000 - 35,000 in multiple grating settings) imaging spectroscopy channel. We present the CHISL concept, a small sample of representative science cases, and the primary technological hurdles. We are actively engaged in laboratory and flight characterization efforts for CHISL-enabling technologies as components on sounding rocket payloads under development at the University of Colorado. We describe two payloads that are designed to be pathfinder instruments for the high-resolution (CHESS) and imaging spectroscopy (SISTINE) arms of CHISL. We are carrying out this instrument design, characterization, and flight-testing today to support the new start of a LUVOIR Surveyor mission in the next decade.
description: Accepted for publication in JATIS. 19 pages, 11 figures
Full NLO QCD predictions for Higgs-pair production in the 2-Higgs-Doublet Model
Creators: name: Baglio, J.
name: Campanario, F.
name: Glaus, S.
name: Mühlleitner, M.
name: Ronca, J.
name: Spira, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the study of its properties still leaves room for an extended Higgs sector with more than one Higgs boson. 2-Higgs Doublet Models (2HDMs) are well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model (SM) with five physical Higgs bosons: two CP-even states $h$ and $H$, one CP-odd state $A$, and two charged states $H^\pm_{}$. In this letter, we present the calculation of the full next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to $hH$ and $AA$ production at the LHC in the 2HDM at small values of the ratio of the vacuum expectation values, $\tanβ$, including the exact top-mass dependence everywhere in the calculation. Using techniques applied in the NLO QCD SM Higgs pair production calculation, we present results for the total cross section as well as for the invariant Higgs-pair-mass distribution at the LHC. We also provide the top-quark scale and scheme uncertainties which are found to be sizeable.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures. V2: minor typos corrected, identical to published version
Impact of turbulence modeling on the simulation of blood flow in aortic coarctation
Creators: name: Katz, Sarah
name: Caiazzo, Alfonso
name: Moreau, Baptiste
name: Wilbrandt, Ulrich
name: Brüning, Jan
name: Goubergrits, Leonid
name: John, Volker
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: cardiovascular biomarkers
subject: computational hemodynamics
subject: finite element method
subject: patient‐specific modeling
subject: turbulence modeling
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Numerical simulations of pulsatile blood flow in an aortic coarctation require the use of turbulence modeling. This paper considers three models from the class of large eddy simulation (LES) models (Smagorinsky, Vreman, σ-model) and one model from the class of variational multiscale models (residual-based) within a finite element framework. The influence of these models on the estimation of clinically relevant biomarkers used to assess the degree of severity of the pathological condition (pressure difference, secondary flow degree, normalized flow displacement, wall shear stress) is investigated in detail. The simulations show that most methods are consistent in terms of severity indicators such as pressure difference and stenotic velocity. Moreover, using second-order velocity finite elements, different turbulence models might lead to considerably different results concerning other clinically relevant quantities such as wall shear stresses. These differences may be attributed to differences in numerical dissipation introduced by the turbulence models.
Optimally controlling the human connectome: the role of network topology
Creators: name: Betzel, Richard F.
name: Gu, Shi
name: Medaglia, John D.
name: Pasqualetti, Fabio
name: Bassett, Danielle S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: To meet ongoing cognitive demands, the human brain must seamlessly transition from one brain state to another, in the process drawing on different cognitive systems. How does the brain's network of anatomical connections help facilitate such transitions? Which features of this network contribute to making one transition easy and another transition difficult? Here, we address these questions using network control theory. We calculate the optimal input signals to drive the brain to and from states dominated by different cognitive systems. The input signals allow us to assess the contributions made by different brain regions. We show that such contributions, which we measure as energy, are correlated with regions' weighted degrees. We also show that the network communicability, a measure of direct and indirect connectedness between brain regions, predicts the extent to which brain regions compensate when input to another region is suppressed. Finally, we identify optimal states in which the brain should start (and finish) in order to minimize transition energy. We show that the optimal target states display high activity in hub regions, implicating the brain's rich club. Furthermore, when rich club organization is destroyed, the energy cost associated with state transitions increases significantly, demonstrating that it is the richness of brain regions that makes them ideal targets.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures, 9 supplementary figures
Transforming growth factor-betas in vessel healing and restenosis after angioplasty
Creators: name: Ward., Michael Robert
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Evidence for a radiation belt around a brown dwarf
Creators: name: Climent, J. B.
name: Guirado, J. C.
name: Pérez-Torres, M.
name: Marcaide, J. M.
name: Peña-Moñino, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio observations of ultracool dwarfs, objects comprising brown dwarfs and the very lowest mass stars, have mainly focused on analyzing their light-curve and spectral energy distributions providing valuable insights into their magnetic fields. However, spatially-resolved studies of such magnetospheres have been elusive so far. Radio interferometric observations of the brown dwarf LSR J1835+3259 reveal an extended magnetosphere with a morphology compatible with the presence of a radiation belt, similar to that of Jupiter and Earth, consisting of energetic particles confined via magnetic mirroring. Our finding suggests that radio emitting ultracool dwarfs may behave as scaled up versions of Jupiter, validating the connection between dipole-ordered magnetic fields and the presence of belt-like morphologies and aurorae beyond our Solar System.
Radial Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes via Dead‐End Filtration
Creators: name: Rust, Christian
name: Schill, Elias
name: Garrity, Oisín
name: Spari, Manuel
name: Li, Han
name: Bacher, Andreas
name: Guttmann, Markus
name: Reich, Stephanie
name: Flavel, Benjamin S.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 1D crystals
subject: hot‐embossing
subject: membranes
subject: optical limiters
subject: polarizers
subject: terahertz spectroscopy
subject: thin films
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Dead-end filtration is a facile method to globally align single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in large area films with a 2D order parameter, S2D, approaching unity. Uniaxial alignment has been achieved using pristine and hot-embossed membranes but more sophisticated geometries have yet to be investigated. In this work, three different patterns with radial symmetry and an area of 3.8 cm2 are created. Two of these patterns are replicated by the filtered SWCNTs and S2D values of ≈0.85 are obtained. Each of the radially aligned SWCNT films is characterized by scanning cross-polarized microscopy in reflectance and laser imaging in transmittance with linear, radial, and azimuthal polarized light fields. The former is used to define a novel indicator akin to the 2D order parameter using Malu's law, yielding 0.82 for the respective film. The films are then transferred to a flexible printed circuit board and terminal two-probe electrical measurements are conducted to explore the potential of those new alignment geometries.
Supplementary document for Design and single-shot fabrication of lensless cameras with arbitrary point spread functions - 6049378.pdf
Creators: name: Lee, Kyung Chul
name: Bae, Junghyun
name: Baek, Nakkyu
name: Jung, Jaewoo
name: Park, Wook
name: Lee, Seung Ah
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 20501 Classical and Physical Optics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supplemental document 1
Evolution of Global Ocean Tide Levels Since the Last Glacial Maximum
Creators: name: Sulzbach, Roman
name: Klemann, V.
name: Knorr, G.
name: Dobslaw, H.
name: Dümpelmann, H.
name: Lohmann, G.
name: Thomas, M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ocean tide modeling
subject: tidal dissipation
subject: tidal levels
subject: indicative range
subject: sea level index points
subject: numerical modeling
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: This study addresses the evolution of global tidal dynamics since the Last Glacial Maximum focusing on the extraction of tidal levels that are vital for the interpretation of geologic sea-level markers. For this purpose, we employ a truly-global barotropic ocean tide model which considers the non-local effect of Self-Attraction and Loading. A comparison to a global tide gauge data set for modern conditions yields agreement levels of 65%–70%. As the chosen model is data-unconstrained, and the considered dissipation mechanisms are well understood, it does not have to be re-tuned for altered paleoceanographic conditions. In agreement with prior studies, we find that changes in bathymetry during glaciation and deglaciation do exert critical control over the modeling results with minor impact by ocean stratification and sea ice friction. Simulations of 4 major partial tides are repeated in time steps of 0.5–1 ka and augmented by 4 additional partial tides estimated via linear admittance. These are then used to derive time series from which the tidal levels are determined and provided as a global data set conforming to the HOLSEA format. The modeling results indicate a strengthened tidal resonance by M2, but also by O1, under glacial conditions, in accordance with prior studies. Especially, a number of prominent changes in local resonance conditions are identified, that impact the tidal levels up to several meters difference. Among other regions, resonant features are predicted for the North Atlantic, the South China Sea, and the Arctic Ocean.
LAMOST 1: A Disrupted Satellite in the Constellation Draco
Creators: name: Vickers, John J.
name: Smith, Martin C.
name: Hou, Yonghui
name: Wang, Yuefei
name: Zhang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using LAMOST spectroscopic data, we find a strong signal of a comoving group of stars in the constellation of Draco. The group, observed near the apocenter of its orbit, is 2.6 kpc from the Sun with a metallicity of -0.64 dex. The system is observed as a streaming population of unknown provenance with mass of about 2.1E4 solar masses and an absolute V band magnitude of about -3.6. Its high metallicity, diffuse physical structure, and eccentric orbit may indicate that the progenitor satellite was a globular cluster rather than a dwarf galaxy or an open cluster.
description: 6 pages, 4 Figures, 1 Table, Accepted to ApJL
Maturation of consonant perception, but not vowel perception, predicts lexical skills at 12 months
Creators: name: Schaadt, Gesa
name: Werwach, Annika
name: Obrig, Hellmuth
name: Friederici, Angela D.
name: Männel, Claudia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: prediction
subject: lexical skills
subject: consonant perception
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Consonants and vowels differentially contribute to lexical acquisition. From 8 months on, infants' preferential reliance on consonants has been shown to predict their lexical outcome. Here, the predictive value of German-learning infants' (n = 58, 29 girls, 29 boys) trajectories of consonant and vowel perception, indicated by the electrophysiological mismatch response, across 2, 6, and 10 months for later lexical acquisition was studied. The consonant-perception trajectory from 2 to 6 months (β = −2.95) and 6 to 10 months (β = −.91), but not the vowel-perception trajectory, significantly predicted receptive vocabulary at 12 months. These results reveal an earlier predictive value of consonant perception for word learning than previously found, and a particular role of the longitudinal maturation of this skill in lexical acquisition.
Automatic Generation of an Efficient Less-Than Oracle for Quantum Amplitude Amplification
Creators: name: Sanchez-Rivero, Javier
name: Talaván, Daniel
name: Garcia-Alonso, Jose
name: Ruiz-Cortés, Antonio
name: Murillo, Juan Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Grover's algorithm is a well-known contribution to quantum computing. It searches one value within an unordered sequence faster than any classical algorithm. A fundamental part of this algorithm is the so-called oracle, a quantum circuit that marks the quantum state corresponding to the desired value. A generalization of it is the oracle for Amplitude Amplification, that marks multiple desired states. In this work we present a classical algorithm that builds a phase-marking oracle for Amplitude Amplification. This oracle performs a less-than operation, marking states representing natural numbers smaller than a given one. Results of both simulations and experiments are shown to prove its functionality. This less-than oracle implementation works on any number of qubits and does not require any ancilla qubits. Regarding depth, the proposed implementation is compared with the one generated by Qiskit automatic method, UnitaryGate. We show that the depth of our less-than oracle implementation is always lower. This difference is significant enough for our method to outperform UnitaryGate on real quantum hardware.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, to be published in Q-SE 2023 - ICSE
Theoretical developments in supernova neutrino physics : mass corrections and pairing correlators
Creators: name: Volpe, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We highlight the progress in our understanding of how neutrinos change their flavor in astrophysical environments, in particular effects from the neutrino self-interaction. We emphasize extended descriptions of neutrino propagation in massive stars that are beyond the current one based on the mean-field approximation. The extended equations include, in particular, corrections from (anti)neutrino-(anti)neutrino pairing correlations and from the neutrino mass. We underline open issues and challenges.
description: 5 pages, Proceedings for the TAUP 2015 conference
Molecular determinants of Von Willebrand factor-dependent platelet adhesion
Creators: name: Ward., Christopher Morice
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Collective synchronization of dissipatively-coupled noise-activated processes
Creators: name: Chatzittofi, Michalis
name: Golestanian, Ramin
name: Agudo-Canalejo, Jaime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system of two enzymes mechanically coupled to each other in a viscous medium was recently studied, and conditions for obtaining synchronization and an enhanced average rate of the thermally-activated catalytic reactions of the enzymes were identified. The transition to synchronization occurred as the result of a global bifurcation in the underlying dynamical system. Here, we extend and generalize this idea to an arbitrary number of noise-activated cyclic processes, or oscillators, that are all coupled to each other via a dissipative coupling. The $N$ coupled oscillators are described by $N$ phase coordinates driven in a tilted washboard potential. At low $N$ and strong coupling, we find synchronization as well as an enhancement in the average speed of the oscillators. In the large $N$ regime, we show that the collective dynamics can be described through a mean-field theory, which predicts a great enhancement in the average speed. In fact, beyond a critical value of the coupling strength, noise activation becomes irrelevant and the dynamics switch to an effectively deterministic "running" mode. Finally, we study the stochastic thermodynamics of the coupled oscillators, in particular their performance with regards to the thermodynamic uncertainty relation.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Oscillon formation from preheating in asymmetric inflationary potentials
Creators: name: Mahbub, Rafid
name: Mishra, Swagat S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility of oscillon formation during the preheating phase of asymmetric inflationary potentials. We analytically establish the existence of oscillon-like solutions for the Klein-Gordon equation for a polynomial potential of the form $V(ϕ)=\frac{1}{2}ϕ^2+Aϕ^3+Bϕ^4$ using the small amplitude analysis, which naturally arises as a Taylor expansion of the $α$-attractor E-model for $ϕ\ll M_\text{pl}$ and $α\sim\mathcal{O}(1)$. We perform a detailed numerical analysis to study the formation of nonlinear structures in the $α$-attractor E-model using the publicly available lattice simulation code $\mathcal{C}\text{osmo}\mathcal{L}\text{attice}$ for parameters in the range $10^{-5}\lesssimα\lesssim 5\times 10^{-4}$. We find the backreaction of the field fluctuations onto the evolution of the homogeneous inflaton condensate to be significant for $α\lesssim 2\times 10^{-4}$ for which we observe the formation of highly nonlinear structures with average equation of state $w\simeq 0$. These nonlinear structures maybe interpreted as oscillons, providing evidence that they can form during the inflaton oscillations around an asymmetric potential and are found to be present for the entirety of the runtime of our simulations, comprising $\gtrsim 40\%$ of the total energy density.
Frequency-dependent polarization-angle-phase-shift in the microwave-induced magnetoresistance oscillations
Creators: name: Liu, Han-Chun
name: Ye, Tianyu
name: Wegscheider, W.
name: Mani, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear polarization angle, $θ$, dependent measurements of the microwave radiation-induced oscillatory magnetoresistance, $R_{xx}$, in high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs 2D electron devices have shown a $θ$ dependence in the oscillatory amplitude along with magnetic field, frequency, and extrema-dependent phase shifts, $θ_{0}$. Here, we suggest a microwave frequency dependence of $θ_{0} (f)$ using an analysis that averages over other smaller contributions, when those contributions are smaller than estimates of the experimental uncertainty.