cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Population genomics of intrapatient HIV-1 evolution
Creators: name: Zanini, Fabio
name: Brodin, Johanna
name: Thebo, Lina
name: Lanz, Christa
name: Bratt, Göran
name: Albert, Jan
name: Neher, Richard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Many microbial populations rapidly adapt to changing environments with multiple variants competing for survival. To quantify such complex evolutionary dynamics in vivo, time resolved and genome wide data including rare variants are essential. We performed whole-genome deep sequencing of HIV-1 populations in 9 untreated patients, with 6-12 longitudinal samples per patient spanning 5-8 years of infection. We show that patterns of minor diversity are reproducible between patients and mirror global HIV-1 diversity, suggesting a universal landscape of fitness costs that control diversity. Reversions towards the ancestral HIV-1 sequence are observed throughout infection and account for almost one third of all sequence changes. Reversion rates depend strongly on conservation. Frequent recombination limits linkage disequilibrium to about 100bp in most of the genome, but strong hitch-hiking due to short range linkage limits diversity.
title: Диалог культур в современном образовательном пространстве
title: Сборник материалов Всероссийской научно-практической конференции
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Асратян Н.М.
name:  Ахметов А.М.
name:  Бахаева Г.М.
name:  Валиева Р.Х.
name:  Габдулатзянова Л.К.
name:  Гайфутдинов А.М.
name:  Гайфутдинова Т.В.
name:  Галиуллин Р.Р.
name:  Ганиева Г.Р.
name:  Гибадуллин Р.М.
name:  Гумеров Р.А.
name:  Илалова И.Д.
name:  Исакаева Г.И.
name:  Исламова Л.А.
name:  Исхакова Л.М.
name:  Исхакова Н.Р.
name:  Кагуй Н.В.
name:  Калинин К.А.
name:  Капина Н.В.
name:  Каримова И.Р.
name:  Короткова А.Л.
name:  Куликова С.И.
name:  Лебедева И.В.
name:  Лыткина Н.Л.
name:  Любягина О.А.
name:  Макарова В.Ф.
name:  Макарова Э.Н.
name:  Марданов А.Х.
name:  Маслова Э.Ф.
name:  Мингазова Р.А.
name:  Миргалимова З.Ф.
name:  Морозов А.И.
name:  Мурзакаева К.М.
name:  Мухаметов А.И.
name:  Мухаметова Э.Д.
name:  Мухаметшин А.Г.
name:  Нигамаев А.З.
name:  Салахутдинова З.Ф.
name:  Самигуллина С.Н.
name:  Сафина А.М.
name:  Сафиуллина Н.З.
name:  Смирнова А.Ф.
name:  Тарасов А.М.
name:  Тарасова Ф.Х.
name:  Хабибрахманов Р.Г.
name:  Хакимова Н.Г.
name:  Хафизова Г.М.
name:  Хуснутдинова Р.Р.
name:  Чухно П.В.
name:  Шайхлисламов А.Х.
name:  Шамсетдинов А.Х.
name:  Школьникова Л.Е.
name:  Щетинин И.В.
Publisher: name: Набережночелнинский государственный педагогический университет
Year: 2015

description: Сборник включает исследования участников культурно-образовательного проекта «Диалог культур в современном образовательном пространстве», проходившего в Набережночелнинском институте социально-педагогических технологий и ресурсов 11 декабря 2015 года.
description: The collection includes studies of participants in cultural and educational project "Dialogue of cultures in modern educational space" held in Naberezhnye Chelny Institute of social pedagogical technologies and resources December 11, 2015.
Modelling of a radio frequency plasma bridge neutralizer (RFPBN)
Creators: name: Scholze, F.
name: Eichhorn, C.
name: Bundesmann, C.
name: Spemann, D.
name: Neumann, H.
name: Bulit, A.
name: Feili, D.
name: Gonzalez Del Amo, J.
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: control laws: Earth-Moon system
subject: libration point
subject: low thrust propulsion
subject: shaded areas
subject: spacecraft
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 670

description: A performance model of a radio frequency plasma bridge neutralizer was developed to calculate the electrical parameters and optimize the neutralizer design. Minimization of power losses and gas consumption, and a maximization of the neutralizer lifetime and the reliability of the system are requirements of all electric propulsion concepts and strongly determine their future application. The requirements of the neutralizer depend on mission profiles.
Ferromagnetic instability of interlayer floating electrons in quasi-two-dimensional electride Y$_2$C
Creators: name: Inoshita, Takeshi
name: Hamada, Noriaki
name: Hosono, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ab initio electronic structure calculations show that the recently identified quasi-two-dimensional electride Y$_2$C is a weak itinerant ferromagnet or at least close to a ferromagnetic instability. The ferromagnetism is induced by the electride electrons, which are loosely bound around interstitial sites and overlap with each other to form two-dimensional interlayer conduction bands. The semimetallicity and two-dimensionality of the band structure are the key to understanding this ferromagnetic instability.
Advanced Electric Propulsion Diagnostic Tools at IOM
Creators: name: Bundesmann, C.
name: Eichhorn, C.
name: Scholze, F.
name: Spemann, D.
name: Neumann, H.
name: Scortecci, F.
name: Leiter, H.J.
name: Holste, K.
name: Klar, P.J.
name: Bulit, A.
name: Dannenmayer, K.
name: Amo, J. Gonzalez Del
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: diagnostic tools
subject: electric propulsion
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: 670

description: Recently, we have set up an Advanced Electric Propulsion Diagnostic (AEPD) platform [1], which allows for the in-situ measurement of a comprehensive set of thruster performance parameters. The platform utilizes a five-axis-movement system for precise positioning of the thruster with respect to the diagnostic heads. In the first setup (AEPD1) an energy-selective mass spectrometer (ESMS) and a miniaturized Faraday probe for ion beam characterization, a telemicroscope and a triangular laser head for measuring the erosion of mechanical parts, and a pyrometer for surface temperature measurements were integrated. The capabilities of the AEPD1 platform were demonstrated with two electric propulsion thrusters, a gridded ion thruster RIT 22 (Airbus Defence & Space, Germany, [13]) and a Hall effect thruster SPT 100D EM1 (EDB Fakel, Russia, [1], [4]), in two different vacuum facilities.
Balanced Allocation: Patience is not a Virtue
Creators: name: Augustine, John
name: Moses, William K.
name: Redlich, Amanda
name: Upfal, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; G.2.0; G.3

description: Load balancing is a well-studied problem, with balls-in-bins being the primary framework. The greedy algorithm $\mathsf{Greedy}[d]$ of Azar et al. places each ball by probing $d > 1$ random bins and placing the ball in the least loaded of them. With high probability, the maximum load under $\mathsf{Greedy}[d]$ is exponentially lower than the result when balls are placed uniformly randomly. Vöcking showed that a slightly asymmetric variant, $\mathsf{Left}[d]$, provides a further significant improvement. However, this improvement comes at an additional computational cost of imposing structure on the bins. Here, we present a fully decentralized and easy-to-implement algorithm called $\mathsf{FirstDiff}[d]$ that combines the simplicity of $\mathsf{Greedy}[d]$ and the improved balance of $\mathsf{Left}[d]$. The key idea in $\mathsf{FirstDiff}[d]$ is to probe until a different bin size from the first observation is located, then place the ball. Although the number of probes could be quite large for some of the balls, we show that $\mathsf{FirstDiff}[d]$ requires only at most $d$ probes on average per ball (in both the standard and the heavily-loaded settings). Thus the number of probes is no greater than either that of $\mathsf{Greedy}[d]$ or $\mathsf{Left}[d]$. More importantly, we show that $\mathsf{FirstDiff}[d]$ closely matches the improved maximum load ensured by $\mathsf{Left}[d]$ in both the standard and heavily-loaded settings. We further provide a tight lower bound on the maximum load up to $O(\log \log \log n)$ terms. We additionally give experimental data that $\mathsf{FirstDiff}[d]$ is indeed as good as $\mathsf{Left}[d]$, if not better, in practice.
description: 26 pages, preliminary version accepted at SODA 2016
title: Eine Gedenkinschrift aus dem 17. Jahrhundert und ihre Rolle als Quelle für die chinesischen Kampfkünste
Creators: name: Weinert, Christian
Publisher: name: Journal of Martial Arts Research
Year: 2019

description: Gegenstand dieses Artikels ist die Analyse und Interpretation einer Gedenkinschrift, nämlich das Wang Zhengnan muzhiming (WZM), verfasst von dem berühmten Literaten Huang Zongxi (1610-1695). Wang Zhengnan war, genau wie Huang Zongxi, ein Ming-Loyalist, der sich in Zhejiang der Qing-Dynastie widersetzte, die gegen Ende des 17. Jh. die Herrschaft in China an sich riss. Da Wang Zhengnan unter anderem die Kunst des waffenlosen Kampfes beherrschte, wurde dieser Text oft als Quelle für die Geschichte der chinesischen Kampfkünste herangezogen. In diesem Artikel wird ein kurzer Überblick über den Text und seinen Inhalt gegeben. Anschließend werden die bisherigen Interpretationen verschiedener Autoren vorgestellt und kritisch hinterfragt. Am Ende wird eine eigene Interpretation vorgestellt.
description: Journal of Martial Arts Research, Vol 2 No 4 (2019): Reprints of KuK2012
Edge-enhancing Filters with Negative Weights
Creators: name: Knyazev, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.4.3; I.4.6; I.5.4
subject: 68U10, 05C85

description: In [DOI:10.1109/ICMEW.2014.6890711], a graph-based denoising is performed by projecting the noisy image to a lower dimensional Krylov subspace of the graph Laplacian, constructed using nonnegative weights determined by distances between image data corresponding to image pixels. We~extend the construction of the graph Laplacian to the case, where some graph weights can be negative. Removing the positivity constraint provides a more accurate inference of a graph model behind the data, and thus can improve quality of filters for graph-based signal processing, e.g., denoising, compared to the standard construction, without affecting the costs.
description: 5 pages; 6 figures. Accepted to IEEE GlobalSIP 2015 conference
Recuperación del olvido en Los Rojos de Ultramar de Jordi Soler
Creators: name: Colchero Dorado, Rosario
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Este trabajo analiza los distintos procedimientos técnicos por medio de los que Jordi Soler, en su obra Los rojos de ultramar, construye un espacio narrativo por medio del que lleva a cabo la recuperación de la memoria de los exiliados españoles tras la Guerra Civil y da un lugar en la Historia a aquellos que durante décadas fueron ignorados por la versión oficial. Para llevar a cabo este objetivo, utilizo los estudios de Walter Benjamin acerca de la importancia del narrador como medio de mantener viva la memoria personal, así como los de Pierre Nora sobre los lieux de memoire en los que se conserva y proyecta la memoria colectiva. Del mismo modo este estudio pretende enfrentar al lector con su responsabilidad en la transmisión de la Historia.
Measurement of Chern numbers through center-of-mass responses
Creators: name: Price, H. M.
name: Zilberberg, O.
name: Ozawa, T.
name: Carusotto, I.
name: Goldman, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Probing the center-of-mass of an ultracold atomic cloud can be used to measure Chern numbers, the topological invariants underlying the quantum Hall effects. In this work, we show how such center-of-mass observables can have a much richer dependence on topological invariants than previously discussed. In fact, the response of the center of mass depends not only on the current density, typically measured in a solid-state system, but also on the particle density, which itself can be sensitive to the topology of the band structure. We apply a semiclassical approach, supported by numerical simulations, to highlight the key differences between center-of-mass responses and more standard conductivity measurements. We illustrate this by analyzing both the two- and the four-dimensional quantum Hall effects. These results have important implications for experiments in engineered topological systems, such as ultracold gases and photonics.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
The Lockman Hole with LOFAR - Searching for GPS and CSS sources at low frequencies
Creators: name: Mahony, Elizabeth K.
name: Morganti, Raffaella
name: Prandoni, Isabella
name: van Bemmel, Ilse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lockman Hole Project is a wide international collaboration aimed at exploiting the multi-band extensive and deep information available for the Lockman Hole region, with the aim of better characterizing the physical and evolutionary properties of the various source populations detected in deep radio fields. Recent observations with the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) extends the multi-frequency radio information currently available for the Lockman Hole (from 350 MHz up to 15 GHz) down to 150 MHz, allowing us to explore a new radio spectral window for the faint radio source population. These LOFAR observations allow us to study the population of sources with spectral peaks at lower radio frequencies, providing insight into the evolution of GPS and CSS sources. In this general framework, I present preliminary results from 150 MHz LOFAR observations of the Lockman Hole field.
description: Proceedings of the "5th Workshop on Compact Steep Spectrum and GHz-peaked Spectrum Radio Sources". To be published in Astronomische Nachrichten (6 pages)
Rank 2 wall-crossing and the Serre correspondence
Creators: name: Gholampour, A.
name: Kool, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14C05, 14F05, 14H50, 14J30, 14N35

description: We study Quot schemes of 0-dimensional quotients of sheaves on 3-folds $X$. When the sheaf $\mathcal{R}$ is rank 2 and reflexive, we prove that the generating function of Euler characteristics of these Quot schemes is a power of the MacMahon function times a polynomial. This polynomial is itself the generating function of Euler characteristics of Quot schemes of a certain 0-dimensional sheaf, which is supported on the locus where $\mathcal{R}$ is not locally free. In the case $X = \mathbb{C}^3$ and $\mathcal{R}$ is equivariant, we use our result to prove an explicit product formula for the generating function. This formula was first found using localization techniques in previous joint work with B. Young. Our results follow from R. Hartshorne's Serre correspondence and a rank 2 version of a Hall algebra calculation by J. Stoppa and R.P. Thomas.
description: 20 pages. Published version. Addition to published version: the assumptions in Thm. 1.2 can be weakened due to an argument from J. Rennemo (Section 1.2)
Pots, putty, and wires: Croatian separatist terrorism and the hijacking of TWA 355
Creators: name: Gensler, Luke John
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2014

description: On September 10, 1976, five Croatian nationalist, led by Zvonko Busic, hijacked TWA flight 355 shortly after it took off from New York. What followed was a thirty-hour ordeal that saw the plane be re-routed and flown across the Atlantic. The journey ended in Paris, where French authorities refused to negotiate. This paper examines this hijacking and circumstances surrounding it. I place the hijacking within three broader contexts: international terrorism; Croatian nationalism; and the Croatian separatist movement, which emerged in the Croatian diaspora following World War Two. I argue that the hijacking of TWA 355 was an act by Zvonko Busic to cement his legacy in the history of Croatian nationalism. The hijackers made clear choices to use the spectacle of international hijacking to publicize the cause of Croatian independence in an attempt to gain international support and legitimacy for Croatian independence.
Republicans’ perceptions of Democrats’ feelings toward Biden and Trump supporters, as an indicator of their assumptions about Democrats’ feelings toward racial minority groups
Creators: name: Josiah, Kato
name: Burke, Sara
name: Jaurique, Alexandria
name: McMillian, Minnie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Race and Ethnicity
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This registration describes a secondary analysis of a subset of data from the Multi-University United States Election Study 2020 (MUSES-2020). For details about the full design and recruitment procedure, see the main MUSES-2020 Open Science Framework page.
The cool potential of gluons
Creators: name: Peshier, Andre
name: Giovannoni, Dino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put forward the idea that the quark-gluon plasma might exist way below the usual confinement temperature $T_c$. Our argument rests on the possibility that the plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions could reach a transient quasi-equilibrium with `over-occupied' gluon density, as advocated by Blaizot et al. Taking further into account that gluons acquire an effective mass by interaction effects, they can have a positive chemical potential and therefore behave similarly to non-relativistic bosons. Relevant properties of this dense state of interacting gluons, which we dub serried glue, can then be inferred on rather general grounds from Maxwell's relation.
description: Contribution to the Proceedings of the Conference "Strangeness in Quark Matter", July 6-11, 2015, Dubna, Russia
Polizei im gesellschaftlichen Umbruch: Ergebnisse der teilnehmenden Beobachtung bei der Schutzpolizei in Thüringen
Creators: name: Behr, Rafael
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Thüringen , Schutzpolizei , Sozialer Wandel , Teilnehmende Beobachtung
subject: 360

description: Ergebnisse der teilnehmenden Beobachtung bei der Schutzpolizei in Thüringen
"One Line Flows, Yeah I Got Some of Those": Genre, Tradition, and the Reception of Rhythmic Regularity in Grime Flow
Creators: name: Marsden, Alexander
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: In its musical style and performance practices, the British rap genre grime bears the traces of London’s electronic dance music scene, out of which it emerged in the early 2000s. One such trace is grime’s characteristic style of flow—the rhythmic dimensions of a rapper’s delivery of text—and the role that this plays in encouraging grime’s listeners to move. This thesis argues that grime flow exhibits a tendency towards rhythmic regularity, which differentiates it from flow styles that tend toward irregularity. Drawing from music cognition and music-theoretic work on the pleasures of repetition for listeners, particularly in electronic dance music, it asks what listeners find engaging about grime flow’s regularity. It argues, through an analysis of Skepta’s “That’s Not Me,” that grime flow encourages a participatory mode of listening from its audience, which in turn contributes to a broader orientation towards communality in the genre.
New insights into the rotational evolution of near-solar age stars from M 67
Creators: name: Gruner, David
name: Barnes, Sydney A
name: Weingrill, Jörg
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The spindown of stars beyond ages of 1Gyr is still enigmatic due to a lack of accessible calibrators.
 We present newly obtained rotational data for the old open clusters Ruprecht 147 (2.7Gyr) and M67
 (4Gyr) from Kepler’s K2 mission. They provide insights in the rotation of stars later than early-K
 and older than 1Gyr for the first time. The data indicates a strongly color dependent nature of the
 spindown and a more complex behavior than previously assumed. While the origin of the observed
 behavior is still unclear, it is apparent that even at the age of M67 the spindown continues to create
 a single sequence in the age-color-period space.
description: {"references": ["Barnes, S. A., Weingrill, J., Fritzewski, D., et al. 2016, ApJ, 823, 16", "Curtis, J. L., Ag\u00fceros, M. A., Douglas, S. T., & Meibom, S. 2019, ApJ, 879, 4", "Curtis, J. L., Ag\u00fceros, M. A., Matt, S. P., et al. 2020, ApJ, 904, 140", "Gruner, D. & Barnes, S. A. 2020, A&A, 644, A16", "Meibom, S., Barnes, S. A., Latham, D. W., et al. 2011, ApJ, 733, L9", "Meibom, S., Barnes, S. A., Platais, I., et al. 2015, Nature, 517, 589"]}
Metallicity of Ca2Cu6P5 with Single and Double Copper-Pnictide Layers
Creators: name: Li, Li
name: Parker, David
name: Chi, Miaofang
name: Tsoi, Georgiy M.
name: Vohra, Yogesh K.
name: Sefat, Athena S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report thermodynamic and transport properties, and also theoretical calculations, for Cu-based compound Ca2Cu6P5 and compare with CaCu(2-x)P2. Both materials have layers of edge-sharing copper pnictide tetrahedral CuP4, similar to Fe-As and Fe-Se layers (with FeAs4, FeSe4) in the iron-based superconductors. Despite the presence of this similar transition-metal pnictide layer, we find that both Ca2Cu6P5 and CaCu(2-x)P2 have temperature-independent magnetic susceptibility and show metallic behavior with no evidence of either magnetic ordering or superconductivity down to 1.8 K. CaCu(2-x)P2 is slightly off-stoichiometric, with delta = 0.14. Theoretical calculations suggest that unlike Fe 3d-based magnetic materials with a large density of states (DOS) at the Fermi surface, Cu have comparatively low DOS, with the majority of the 3d spectral weight located well below Fermi level. The room-temperature resistivity value of Ca2Cu6P5 is only 9 micro ohm-cm, due to a substantial plasma frequency and an inferred electron-phonon coupling lambda of 0.073 (significantly smaller than that of metallic Cu). Also, microscopy result shows that Cu-Cu distance along the c-axis within the double layers can be very short (2.5 A), even shorter than metallic elemental copper bond (2.56 A). The value of dp over dT for CaCu(2-x)P2 at 300 K is approximately three times larger than in Ca2Cu6P5, which suggests the likelihood of stronger electron-phonon coupling. This study shows that the details of Cu-P layers and bonding are important for their transport characteristics. In addition, it emphasizes the remarkable character of the DOS of '122' iron-based materials, despite much structural similarities.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Wireless Multihop Device-to-Device Caching Networks
Creators: name: Jeon, Sang-Woon
name: Hong, Song-Nam
name: Ji, Mingyue
name: Caire, Giuseppe
name: Molisch, Andreas F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a wireless device-to-device (D2D) network where $n$ nodes are uniformly distributed at random over the network area. We let each node with storage capacity $M$ cache files from a library of size $m \geq M$. Each node in the network requests a file from the library independently at random, according to a popularity distribution, and is served by other nodes having the requested file in their local cache via (possibly) multihop transmissions. Under the classical "protocol model" of wireless networks, we characterize the optimal per-node capacity scaling law for a broad class of heavy-tailed popularity distributions including Zipf distributions with exponent less than one. In the parameter regimes of interest, we show that a decentralized random caching strategy with uniform probability over the library yields the optimal per-node capacity scaling of $Θ(\sqrt{M/m})$, which is constant with $n$, thus yielding throughput scalability with the network size. Furthermore, the multihop capacity scaling can be significantly better than for the case of single-hop caching networks, for which the per-node capacity is $Θ(M/m)$. The multihop capacity scaling law can be further improved for a Zipf distribution with exponent larger than some threshold $> 1$, by using a decentralized random caching uniformly across a subset of most popular files in the library. Namely, ignoring a subset of less popular files (i.e., effectively reducing the size of the library) can significantly improve the throughput scaling while guaranteeing that all nodes will be served with high probability as $n$ increases.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
The Emergence, Maintenance and Demise of Diversity in a Spatially Variable Antibiotic Regime
Creators: name: Leale, Alanna M.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: experimental evolution
antimicrobial resistance
environmental heterogeneity
diversity

description: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious and imminent threat to human health, though its rise may be controlled with improved stewardship strategies that limit the emergence and spread of resistant strains. Motivated by theoretical models from population genetics and ecology, my M.Sc. experimentally evaluates how varying drug availability in either time or space impacts the prevalence of resistance in a population. By experimentally evolving Pseudomonas aeruginosa under different antibiotic selection regimes in vitro, I show that spatial, but not temporal, drug free refuges delay the fixation of resistance by promoting the coexistence of sensitive and resistant genotypes. Second, I establish that this polymorphism is underlain by a trade-off between resistance and growth rate in the absence of antibiotic that underpins the maintenance of diversity through negative frequency dependent selection. Third, I demonstrate that spatially varied drug selection cannot prevent the fixation of resistance because continued selection leads to the evolution of resistant types that pay smaller costs of resistance and gradually displace sensitive strains. These results provide insight into the fate of diversity under long-term selection and highlight the value of incorporating the principles of evolutionary ecology into antimicrobial resistance stewardship.
Strength of the symmetry spin filtering effect in magnetic tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Faleev, Sergey V.
name: Parkin, Stuart S. P.
name: Mryasov, Oleg N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strength of the the symmetry spin filtering effect (as defined by the asymptotic behavior of the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) at large barrier thicknesses induced by this effect) is studied for the Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ). Based on the analysis of the band structure of bulk Fe and complex band structure of MgO we predict \emph{native} for the symmetry spin filtering effect linear increase of the TMR in Fe/MgO/Fe MTJ with increasing number of MgO layers, $N$. \emph{Ab initio} calculations of transmission functions performed for the Fe/MgO/Fe MTJ confirm our theoretical predictions for the strength of the symmetry spin filtering effect in broad range of energies and $N$. Our calculations also show that the \emph{combination} of the symmetry spin filtering effect and small surface transmission function in minority spin channel at the Fe/MgO interface is responsible for large $TMR>10,000\%$ predicted for Fe/MgO/Fe MTJ for $N \geqslant 8$. Proposed analysis of the strength of the symmetry filtering effect derived from the band structure of bulk electrode material could serve as a tool for quick material discovery search of suitable electrodes in context of emerging technologies that require high TMR.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Simulating the galaxy cluster "El Gordo" and identifying the merger configuration
Creators: name: Zhang, Congyao
name: Yu, Qingjuan
name: Lu, Youjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observational features of the massive galaxy cluster "El Gordo" (ACT-CL J0102-4915), such as the X-ray emission, the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, and the surface mass density distribution, indicate that they are caused by an exceptional ongoing high-speed collision of two galaxy clusters, similar to the well-known Bullet Cluster. We perform a series of hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the merging scenario and identify the initial conditions for the collision in ACT-CL J0102-4915. By surveying the parameter space of the various physical quantities that describe the two colliding clusters, including their total mass (M), mass ratio (ξ), gas fractions (f_b), initial relative velocity (V), and impact parameter (P), we find out an off-axis merger with P~800h_{70}^{-1}kpc, V~2500km/s, M~3x10^{15}Msun, and ξ=3.6 that can lead to most of the main observational features of ACT-CL J0102-4915. Those features include the morphology of the X-ray emission with a remarkable wake-like substructure trailing after the secondary cluster, the X-ray luminosity and the temperature distributions, and also the SZ temperature decrement. The initial relative velocity required for the merger is extremely high and rare compared to that inferred from currently available Lambda cold dark matter (LCDM) cosmological simulations, which raises a potential challenge to the LCDM model, in addition to the case of the Bullet Cluster.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures
Intimate Relationship Satisfaction and Demand-Withdraw Trajectories: Understanding Development in Newlywed Couples
Creators: name: Belus, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: Clinical psychology

description: A low level of relationship satisfaction is one of the best predictors of divorce in married couples, yet research has yet to clarify how relationship satisfaction changes during the first few years of marriage. This study sought to model the developmental trajectory of relationship satisfaction and demand-withdraw communication in newly married couples. Structural equation modeling was used to model the association of both variables within-person and cross-partner. Engaged couples (N = 93) completed a pre-marital intervention and were followed for a period of 5 years. Results indicated that higher levels of relationship satisfaction at the outset of the study for both husbands and wives predicted fewer declines in relationship satisfaction for husbands only. In addition, both within-person and cross-partner, relationship satisfaction and demand-withdraw were negatively related at the outset, but were unrelated over time. Results were discussed in light of relationship theory and an agenda for future research was proposed.
Hybrid optical-thermal devices and materials for light manipulation and radiative cooling
Creators: name: Boriskina, Svetlana V.
name: Tong, Jonathan K.
name: Hsu, Wei-Chun
name: Weinstein, Lee
name: Huang, Xiaopeng
name: Loomis, James
name: Xu, Yanfei
name: Chen, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on optical design and applications of hybrid meso-scale devices and materials that combine optical and thermal management functionalities owing to their tailored resonant interaction with light in visible and infrared frequency bands. We outline a general approach to designing such materials, and discuss two specific applications in detail. One example is a hybrid optical-thermal antenna with sub-wavelength light focusing, which simultaneously enables intensity enhancement at the operating wavelength in the visible and reduction of the operating temperature. The enhancement is achieved via light recycling in the form of whispering-gallery modes trapped in an optical microcavity, while cooling functionality is realized via a combination of reduced optical absorption and radiative cooling. The other example is a fabric that is opaque in the visible range yet highly transparent in the infrared, which allows the human body to efficiently shed energy in the form of thermal emission. Such fabrics can find numerous applications for personal thermal management and for buildings energy efficiency improvement.
description: Proc. SPIE 9546, Active Photonic Materials VII, 95461U (September 1, 2015) 7 pages, 4 figures
MindMasters 2: Targeting Social-Emotional Learning in Elementary School Children: A 3-Month Intervention Evaluation
Creators: name: Santos, Alexandre
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: MindMasters 2
Youth
Program Evaluation
Social-Emotional Learning
Positive Living Skills
Resilience

description: The purpose of this Master’s thesis was to determine the efficacy of a preventative intervention, MindMasters 2. In order to do so, an outcome evaluation was conducted to explore the extent to which MindMasters 2 impacted specific social and emotional skills in Grade 3 children. Additionally, a process evaluation was conducted to attain teachers’ perspectives on the acceptability of the program in a classroom setting. Teachers also provided suggestions for program improvement. A total of 98 Grade 3 children were recruited and randomly allocated to either a control or experimental group, and evaluated before and after a 3-month implementation period. Six Grade 3 teachers were recruited to partake in semi-structured interviews to share their experiences of program implementation. Overall, both quantitative and qualitative results support the notion that MindMasters 2 may play a role in improving children’s emotional regulation, relaxation ability, and social relationships. Furthermore, qualitative results indicate that the program was well adhered to in a classroom setting, and implementation of the program on a larger scale is supported by teachers. School administrators, teachers, caregivers, parents, researchers, and program administrators may find useful information in this thesis when attempting to promote positive living in the youth population.
Experimental Design and Implementation of Two Dimensional Transformations of Light in Waveguides and Polarization
Creators: name: Runyon, Matthew
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Quantum mechanics
Optics
Photonics
Geometric phase
Polarization
Spatial light modulator
Liquid crystal
Non-Abelian
Integrated optics
Waveguide
Berry phase
Fabrication

description: Photonics, the technological field that encompasses all aspects of light, has been rapidly growing and increasingly useful in uncovering fundamental truths about nature. It has helped detect gravitational waves, allowed for a direct measurement of the quantum wave function, and has helped realize the coldest temperatures in the universe. But photonics has also had an enormous impact on day-to-day life as well; it has enabled high capacity and/or high speed telecommunication, offered cancer treatment solutions, and has completely revolutionized display and scanning technology. All of these discoveries and applications have required a superb understanding of light, but also a high degree of control over the sometimes abstract properties of light. The work contained in this thesis explores two novel means of controlling and manipulating two different abstract properties of light. In Part I, the property under investigation is the polarization state of light – a property that is paramount to all light-matter interactions, and even some light-light interactions such as interference. Here, a liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator (LCOS-SLM)’s capabilities in manipulating the polarization state of light is theoretically examined and experimentally exploited, tested, and reported on. It is found through experimentation that, for an appropriate range of beam sizes and input polarizations, a single LCOS-SLM can be used to produce any light field with an arbitrary, spatially varying polarization profile. In Part II, the property under investigation loosely corresponds to light’s spatial degree of freedom – how light can move from one spot in space to another in a non-trivial manner. Here, control over light’s position through a waveguide array through the use of quantum geometric phase is theoretically examined, simulated, and experimentally designed. It is found through simulation that a threewaveguide array is capable of implementing two dimensional unitary transformations. The common theme between Part I and Part II is manipulating these properties of light to realize classes of general transformations. Moreover, if the light field is treated as a quantum state in the basis of either property under investigation, a two dimensional computational basis ensues. This is precisely the right cardinality for applications in quantum information.
Termination of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase with a new critical universality in spin-crossover systems
Creators: name: Nishino, Masamichi
name: Miyashita, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two dimensional systems with U(1) symmetry exhibit a peculiar phase, i.e., the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase. In particular situations, the BKT phase exists as an intermediate temperature phase. There have been scenarios for the phase transitions at the two endpoints of the intermediate BKT phase, i.e., the phase transition at the low-temperature endpoint is a BKT transition and that at the high-temperature endpoint is either a BKT transition or a first-order transition. The present study gives a novel scenario, i.e., a second-order transition with a new critical universality and a BKT transition. We found that this new phase transition is realized in spin-crossover systems on a triangular lattice with an antiferromagnetic short-range interaction. At the low-temperature transition the elastic interaction plays as a ferromagnetic infinite-range interaction and encourages the breaking of $Z_2$ symmetry between high-spin rich and low-spin rich states.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Does Genotype Moderate the Effects of Concussion History and Contact Exposure on Working Memory Processes in Retired Football Players?
Creators: name: Varangis, Eleanna
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cognitive psychology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Aging

description: Recent studies have linked concussions earlier in life and later memory problems, but little is known about neurocognitive long-term effects of concussion, and whether a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease, Apolipoprotein-e4 (APOE-e4), might play a role in these long-term effects. In the present study, participants between 50-65 (N=63) were grouped based on concussion history (0-1 or 3+), football exposure (college or college+NFL), and APOE-e4 status (APOE-e4+ or APOE-e4-). Participants completed two batteries of neurocognitive tasks, and performed an fMRI-adapted N-back task. Neurocognitive results revealed selective deficits in memory across all sub-groups, but no differences between the groups. Functional connectivity results suggested that APOE-e4 genotype interacted with concussion and exposure history in accounting for differences in connectivity within a fronto-parietal working memory network. Thus, while there are no behavioral differences between groups, functional connectivity may be altered by the interaction between concussion history, football exposure, and APOE-e4 status.
Clinical and psychosocial correlates of domestic violence in Kandy, Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Bandara, Piumee
name: Knipe, Duleeka
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Gender and Sexuality
subject: International Public Health
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: correlates
subject: domestic violence
subject: household
subject: intimate partner violence
subject: lmic
subject: south asia
subject: sri lanka

description: Analysis plan.
title: A Metaheuristic Approach to Crowdsourced Package Delivery
Creators: name: Longo, Grace
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: VRP
subject: crowdsource
subject: Genetic Algorithm
subject: Metaheuristics
subject: Memetic Algorithms
subject: Package Delivery

description: Increased demand on the package delivery industry is prompting companies to make use of crowdsourced delivery drivers. In this industry, when crowdsourced drivers are used the drivers need to be quickly provided with an optimal delivery route. This thesis addresses a new, real-world, crowdsourcing variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem, with deviation constraints and both heterogeneous and homogeneous capacity constraints using ad-hoc drivers. Previously, the problem has only been solved with exact techniques. Although exact techniques guarantee exact optimal solutions, they can have very long running times making them impractical in a fast paced, real-world situation. For this reason, this thesis explores a metaheuristic approach to solving the crowdsourced VRP, where solutions are not guaranteed to be exact, but can be close to exact and the running times are much shorter, thus practical in a real-world setting. In this thesis, we develop two Memetic Algorithms (HA1 and HA2) by combining a Genetic Algorithm with a Randomized Hill Climbing Local Search. The algorithms aim is the problem’s objective of minimizing total deviations of all the drivers while satisfying the problem's constraints. Problem-specific crossover and mutation operations are developed, and two variants of the crossover operation are explored. The results of the algorithms are empirically evaluated. The algorithms best fitness values and running times are compared to results of a Constraint Programming solver and the algorithms are compared against each other.One Memetic Algorithm in particular, HA1, provided positive results when evaluated. This algorithm is able to provide feasible solutions to instances with up to 135 packages with average running times of only a few minutes. On small instances the Memetic and Genetic Algorithms found feasible, but not exact, solutions, compared to the exact solutions of the Constraint Programming solver. Both Memetic Algorithms found more feasible and better results than the Genetic Algorithm, with HA1 performing the best in this area. The results found with a Memetic approach are practical for real-world problems since results that are both feasible and practical are provided within very short running times.
Chemical Components Analysis of Atmospheres of Ultracool Objects using Laboratory Spectra
Creators: name: Zhang, Jun-Yan Jerry
name: Martín, Eduardo Lorenzo
name: Esparza, Pedro
name: Garcia, Felix
name: Masseron, Thomas
name: Rasilla, José Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Substellar objects have ultracool atmospheres where molecules significantly contribute to the complexity of the spectra. To help with spectroscopic analysis, we are building a library of optical to near-infrared molecular absorption spectra using gas cells and a spectrometer at our laboratories. We already have room-temperature spectra of water vapor, ammonia, methane, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, and several other carbohydrades and deuterated molecules as well. Recently we have investigated ammonia-to-methane ratios from a specific window in H-band near-infrared spectra which minimizes contamination from other chemicals in late-T and Y dwarfs, using laboratory gas spectra and tens of object spectra from different observatories like the Hubble Space Telescope. The results are concordant with the theoretical abundance model and suggest that all the late-T and Y dwarfs considered in this work have ammonia-to-methane ratios consistent with that of Jupiter within the uncertainties, suggesting that they have similar chemical abundances, and the overall trend also shows ammonia-to-methane ratio increases when spectral type goes from T7 to Y2. In the future, we are going to explore more specific spectral window for certain combination of chemicals in our library and we will obtain higher-resolution spectra of objects. Besides, with future deep-sky infrared survey like Euclid, which will be launched into space in 2023. we will have to deal with the spectra of thousands of ultracool objects. Those objects will need to be classified spectroscopically, and our research may provide optimized spectral indices.
Uses, Barriers and Facilitators of Quantitative Gait Analysis Technologies in the Clinical Care of Adults: A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Sharma, Yashoda
name: Patterson, Kara
name: Iaboni, Andrea
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy
subject: clinical care
subject: quantitative gait analysis

description: This is a scoping review protocol registration. Quantitative gait analysis can support clinical decision-making by helping inform diagnoses, characterize gait impairments, and monitor treatment efficacy. This analysis is performed using wearable sensors, non-wearable sensors, or a combination of both sensors, however, has not been widely adopted in clinical practice. To assist with the integration of quantitative gait analysis technologies we require an understanding of how they are being used and what acts as barriers and facilitators to their clinical adoption. As there are many types of quantitative gait analysis technologies, their uses, barriers, and facilitators are unique to each respective technology, clinical context, and patient population. The objective of this proposed scoping review is thus to synthesize the uses, barriers, and facilitators of various quantitative gait analysis technologies in the clinical care of adults. The goal of this review is to assist researchers in developing and implementing quantitative gait analysis technologies and provide knowledge to clinicians on how these technologies can be used in their practice.