cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supporting information from Dopamine mediates life-history responses to food abundance in Daphnia
Creators: name: Semona Issa
name: Gamelon, Marlène
name: Ciesielski, Tomasz Maciej
name: Vike-Jonas, Kristine
name: Asimakopoulos, Alexandros G.
name: Jaspers, Veerle L. B.
name: Einum, Sigurd
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Expression of adaptive reaction norms of life-history traits to spatio-temporal variation in food availability is crucial for individual fitness. Yet, little is known about the neural signalling mechanisms underlying these reaction norms. Previous studies suggest a role for the dopamine system in regulating behavioural and morphological responses to food across a wide range of taxa. We tested whether this neural signalling system also regulates life-history reaction norms––by exposing the zooplankton Daphnia magna to both dopamine and the dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion, an antidepressant that enters aquatic environments via various pathways. We recorded a range of life-history traits across two food levels. Both treatments induced changes to the life-history reaction norm slopes. These were due to the effects of the treatments being more pronounced at restricted food ration, where controls had lower somatic growth rates, higher age and larger size at maturation. This translated into a higher population growth rate (r) of dopamine and bupropion treatments when food was restricted. Our findings show that the dopamine system is an important regulatory mechanism underlying life-history trait responses to food abundance and that bupropion can strongly influence the life history of aquatic species such as D. magna. We discuss why D. magna do not evolve towards higher endogenous dopamine levels despite the apparent fitness benefits.
Is Switchgrass Yield Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer Dynamic? Implications for Profitability and Sustainability at the Farm Level
Creators: name: Mooney, Daniel F.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Larson, James A.
name: Tyler, Donald D.
name: Mooney, Daniel F.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Larson, James A.
name: Tyler, Donald D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Biomass
subject: Energy Crops
subject: Sequential Inputs
subject: West Tennessee

description: This paper tests the hypothesis that switchgrass yield response to nitrogen fertilizer is dynamic. Yield and weather data from a five-year experiment in western Tennessee are used. Implications of such a finding on the profitability and sustainability of switchgrass production at the farm level are discussed.
description: Revised version of the paper submitted 2/11/2010
Temperature dependence of a nanomechanical switch
Creators: name: Badzey, Robert L.
name: Zolfagharkhani, Guiti
name: Gaidarzhy, Alexei
name: Mohanty, Pritiraj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the effect of temperature on the switching characteristics of a bistable nonlinear nanomechanical beam. At MHz-range frequencies, we find that it is possible to controllably change the state of the system between two stable mechanical states defined by the hysteresis brought on by nonlinear excitation. We find that the introduction of increased temperature results in a loss of switching fidelity, and that temperature acts as an effective source of external noise on the dynamics of the system.
Coherent Growth and Characterization of van der Waals 1T-VSe$_2$ Layers on GaAs(111)B Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Creators: name: Zhu, Tiancong
name: O'Hara, Dante J.
name: Noesges, Brenton A.
name: Zhu, Menglin
name: Repicky, Jacob J.
name: Brenner, Mark R.
name: Brillson, Leonard J.
name: Hwang, Jinwoo
name: Gupta, Jay A.
name: Kawakami, Roland K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report epitaxial growth of vanadium diselenide (VSe$_2$) thin films in the octahedrally-coordinated (1T) structure on GaAs(111)B substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Film thickness from a single monolayer (ML) up to 30 ML is demonstrated. Structural and chemical studies using by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate high quality thin films. Further studies show that monolayer VSe$_2$ films on GaAs are not air-stable and are susceptible to oxidation within a matter of hours, which indicates that a protective capping layer should be employed for device applications. This work demonstrates that VSe$_2$, a candidate van der Waals material for possible spintronic and electronic applications, can be integrated with III-V semiconductors via epitaxial growth for 2D/3D hybrid devices.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
New insights on the complex planetary nebula Hen 2-113
Creators: name: Lagadec, Eric
name: Chesneau, Olivier
name: Matsuura, Mikako
name: De Marco, Orsola
name: Pacheco, Jose Antonio De Freitas
name: Zijlstra, Albert
name: Acker, Agnès
name: Clayton, Geoffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report infrared observations of the planetary nebula Hen 2-113 obtained with VLT/NACO, VLTI/MIDI, VLT/ISAAC and TIMMI at the ESO 3.6m. Hen 2-113 exhibits a clear ring-like structure superimposed to a more diffuse environment visible in the L' (3.8$μ$m), M' (4.78$μ$m) and 8.7$μ$m bands. No clear core at 8.7$μ$m and no fringes through the N band could be detected for this object with MIDI. A qualitative interpretation of the object structure is proposed using a diabolo-like geometrical model. The PAH content of the nebula was also studied with ISAAC and TIMMI observations. This indicates that the PAHs are mostly concentrated towards the lobes of the diabolo and the bipolar lobes of the nebula. In L' band, a void $0.3\arcsec$ in diameter was discovered with NACO around the central source. The L' and M' fluxes from the central source were derived from NACO data indicating an important infrared excess with respect to the expected stellar emission based on stellar models and short wavelength data. The observed flux from this source in the L' and M' is about 300 and 800 times respectively than those expected from a model including only the central star. Moreover, the central object appears resolved in L' band with measured FWHM about 155 mas. This infrared excess can be explained by emission from a cocoon of hot dust (T$\sim$1000K) with a total mass $\sim10^{-9}$M$\_{\odot}$.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Supplementary Material from Post-contact immobility and half-lives that save lives
Creators: name: Sendova-Franks, Ana B.
name: Worley, Alan
name: Franks, Nigel R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: A wide variety of animals become completely immobile after initial contact with a potential predator. This behaviour is considered to be a last-ditch escape strategy. Here, we test the hypothesis that such immobility should have an extremely unpredictable duration. We find that it spans more than three orders of magnitude in antlion larvae. We also analyse the second period of immobility that follows the first bout of immobility and consider the distributions of both first and second immobility periods within the context of the intermittence that characterizes the movement of most organisms. Both immobility durations were fitted best by exponential distributions. Therefore, both were characterized by high variability and hence, unpredictability. The immobility half-life, its mean duration and standard deviation were greater for the first than the second immobility. Furthermore, individual consistency was weak or absent in repeated measures of the firsties immobility and between the firsties and second immobility. Our quantitative approach can be replicated across taxa and would help link an understanding of immobility after an initial predator contact in both vertebrates and invertebrates. To facilitate this, we contend that the terminology should be simplified, and we advocate the use of the term post-contact immobility (PCI).
The role of cholera toxin and tape stripping in epicutaneous immunization
Creators: name: Kahlon, Roopjeet
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this study I have characterized the role of cholera toxin (CT) and tape stripping (TS) in eliciting and enhancing cellular immune responses generated by the epicutaneous application of peptide. In addition, the role of TLR4 signaling in the induction of skin elicited cellular and humoral immune responses was investigated. The CD4 T cell response to antigen was studied using a TCR transgenic mouse that has rearranged TCRα and TCRβ genes allowing it to express a T cell receptor specific for Ova323-339 in complex with I-A[sup d] MHC class II molecules. To characterize the CD8 T cell response, naive C57BL/6 mice were immunized with an MHC class I restricted epitope of ovalbumin, namely SIINFEKL (Ova254-267), and the resultant peptide specific CTLs were enumerated using multimeric Class I MHC-peptide complexes. The function of the CTLs was characterized using cytotoxicity assays. The effect of CT and TS on DC migration was also determined. When used together, TS and CT enhanced peptide specific CD4 T cell proliferation above levels achieved with either treatment alone. Similarly, CD8 T cell proliferation was optimal in mice treated with both modalities. The generation of functional CTL through the skin did not require IL-12p40, a key Th1 promoting molecule, suggesting a role for other Th1 promoting factors. Both CT and TS enhanced the immigration of DCs to the draining lymph nodes in Balb/c mice revealing a potential mechanism for their adjuvant effects. Finally, TLR4 signaling was not required for the generation of epicutaneous T cell or antibody mediated immune responses in these model systems. Epicutaneous immunization is a promising approach for the generation of epitope-specific T cell responses. As such, it may provide a practical, cost effective alternative to conventional needle immunization.
Do Fishermen Have Different Attitudes Toward Risk? An Application of Prospect Theory to the Study of Vietnamese Fishermen
Creators: name: Nguyen, Quang
name: Leung, PingSun
name: Nguyen, Quang
name: Leung, PingSun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: experimental economics
subject: prospect theory
subject: risk behavior
subject: Vietnamese fishermen

description: Field experiment and household survey data are combined to investigate whether working in a risky occupation such as fishing makes fishermen have different risk preferences than individuals in other occupations. Prospect theory is utilized as the main analytical framework and a structural model approach is developed to simultaneously correlate the parameters of the utility function under prospect theory with other socioeconomic variables. The key finding is that working in fishing makes economic agents less risk averse than others. Fishermen also tend to be less sensitive to probability weighting changes in the experiment. It is possible that fishermen have adapted to their unique environment by using specific heuristics for decision making under conditions of uncertainty.
title: Χρήση υλικών αλλαγής φάσης για ηλιακή ενδοδαπέδια θέρμανση χώρου στην περιοχή της Αθήνας
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Florou, Vassiliki-Charoula K.
Publisher: name: National Technological University of Athens
Year: 2011
Subjects: Υλικά αλλαγής φάσης
Ενδοδαπέδια θέρμανση
Λανθάνουσα θερμότητα
Εφαρμογές υλικών αλλαγής φάσης
Ιδιότητες υλικών αλλαγής φάσης
Phase change material
Floor heating
Latent heat
Capasities of phase change materials
Activities of phas change materials

description: 296 σ.
description: Η παρούσα εργασία περιλαμβάνει ένα θεωρητικό και ένα πειραματικό μέρος. Στο θεωρητικό μέρος που προηγείται, έχει πραγματοποιηθεί μία ενδελεχής έρευνα γύρω από τα υλικά αλλαγής φάσης και τα χαρακτηριστικά τους, καθώς επίσης έχουν παρατεθεί διάφορες μελέτες που πραγματεύονται την τοποθέτηση τους σε κτίρια και όλες τις εφαρμογές τους σε αυτά. Από την άλλη, στο πειραματικό μέρος θα εξετασθεί η θέρμανση χώρου με εμβαδό δαπέδου 10x10 =100m2, ύψος 3m και συνολική επιφάνεια υαλοπινάκων 30m2 στον νότιο και δυτικό τοίχο. Το κτίριο είναι μία τράπεζα που βρίσκεται στην περιοχή της Αθήνας με γεωγραφικό πλάτος φ=β=38ο και νότιο προσανατολισμό γ=0ο . Στην οροφή του συγκεκριμένου κτιρίου είναι τοποθετημένοι ηλιακοί συλλέκτες συνολικού εμβαδού 30m2 και κλίσης 60ο με στόχο την θέρμανση νερού, το οποίο ρέει κατά τις ώρες της ηλιοφάνειας σε σωλήνες εγκατεστημένους μέσα σε ενδοδαπέδιο στρώμα pcm. Συνεπώς το στρώμα αυτό απορροφά θερμότητα και μεταπίπτει στην υγρή φάση. Κατά τις ώρες της ηλιοφάνειας διακόπτεται η παροχή του νερού με αποτέλεσμα την στερεοποίηση του pcm λόγω απόδοσης θερμότητας στον προς θέρμανση χώρο. Προκειμένου να μην υπάρξει πρόβλημα στην τοποθέτηση των ηλιακών συλλεκτων, δεδομένου ότι επιθυμούμε να μην αλληλοεπισκιάζονται, τοποθετείται στην οροφή του κτιρίου μία προσθήκη(υπόστεγο). Στο σημείο αυτό πρέπει να αναφερθεί ότι με αυτήν την εφαρμογή δεν πραγματοποιείται 100% κάλυψη των ενεργειακών αναγκών του κτιρίου, αλλά ένα μεγάλο ποσοστό. Για τον λόγο αυτό παράλληλα χρησιμοποιούνται και άλλα συμπληρωματικά μέσα, όπως καλοριφέρ και κλιματιστικά. Προφανές είναι ότι η μελέτη θα πραγματοποιηθεί την 21η ημέρα για τους μήνες Νοέμβριο, Δεκέμβριο, Ιανουάριο, Φεβρουάριο και Μάρτιο
Condensation and Metastable Behavior of Non-reversible Inclusion Processes
Creators: name: Kim, Seonwoo
name: Seo, Insuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J28 (Primary) 60K35, 82C22 (Secondary)

description: In this article, we perform quantitative analyses of metastable behavior of an interacting particle system known as the inclusion process. For inclusion processes, it is widely believed that the system nucleates the condensation of particles because of the attractive nature of the interaction mechanism. The metastable behavior of the inclusion processes corresponds to the movement of the condensate on a suitable time scale, and the computation of the corresponding time scale and the characterization of the scaling limit of the condensate motion are the main problems in the study of metastability of inclusion processes. Previously, these problems were solved for reversible inclusion processes in [Bianchi, Dommers, and Giardinà, Electronic Journal of Probability, 22: 1-34, 2017], and the main contribution of the present study is to extend this analysis to a wide class of non-reversible inclusion processes. Non-reversibility is a major obstacle to analyzing such models, mainly because there is no closed-form expression of the invariant measure for the general case, and our main achievement is to overcome this difficulty. In particular, our results demonstrate that the time scale and limiting process of non-reversible inclusion processes are quantitatively and qualitatively different from those of reversible ones, respectively. We emphasize that, to the best of our knowledge, these results are the first rigorous quantitative results in the study of metastability when the invariant measure is not explicitly known. In addition, we consider the thermodynamic limit of metastable behavior of inclusion processes on large torus as in the paper [Armendáriz, Grosskinsky, and Loulakis, Probability Theory and Related Fields, 169: 105-175, 2017]. For this model, we observe three different time scales according to the level of asymmetry of the model.
description: 72 pages, 4 figures
Choice of Remuneration Regime in Fisheries: The Case of Hawaii’s Longline Fisheries
Creators: name: Nguyen, Quang
name: Leung, PingSun
name: Nguyen, Quang
name: Leung, PingSun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: commercial fisheries
subject: crew shares
subject: Hawaii
subject: incentive systems
subject: labor contracts
subject: lay system
subject: longline fisheries
subject: remuneration regime

description: One of the most prominent features of remuneration in Hawaii’s longline fisheries industry has been the norm of share contract regimes. This paper investigates whether the use of the share contract regime is positively correlated to increased economic returns. The principal-agent framework is applied to develop a theoretical model for the remuneration choice. Empirical estimation is conducted using a switching regression model that accounts for the effects of certain vessel characteristics on revenue, depending on remuneration regime used (i.e., share contract or flat wage), as well as the potential selection bias in the vessels’ contractual choice. Key findings from counterfactual simulations indicate: (a) a negative selection related to choosing share contracts, and (b) flat wage vessels would experience significantly higher revenues if they switched to share contracts. Thus, even though the labor market in Hawaii’s longline fisheries relies upon foreign crew members, the results suggest that owners of flat wage vessels would benefit by applying share contracts to increase their revenues.
Short-circuit boundary conditions in ferroelectric PbTiO$_3$ thin films
Creators: name: Kolpak, Alexie M.
name: Sai, Na
name: Rappe, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the application of short-circuit electrical boundary conditions in density functional theory calculations of ferroelectric thin films. Modeling PbTiO$_3$ films with Pt electrodes, we demonstrate that under periodic boundary conditions of supercells, short-circuit conditions for the electrodes are equivalently satisfied in two repeated slab geometries: a PbTiO$_3$/metal superlattice geometry and a periodic metal/PbTiO$_3$/metal/vacuum geometry, where the metal is Pt or SrRuO$_3$. We discuss the benefits of each geometry in the study of ferroelectricity in thin films.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
COVID-19 Trends Methodology
Creators: name: Frye, Charlie
name: Estella Geraghty, MD
name: Breyer, Sean
name: Herries, Jim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: COVID-19 Trends is a methodology for characterizing the current trend for places during the COVID-19 global pandemic. Each day we assign one of five trends: Emergent, Spreading, Epidemic, Controlled, or End Stage to geographic areas to geographic areas based on the number of new cases, the number of active cases, the total population, and an algorithm (described below) that contextualize the most recent fourteen days with the overall COVID-19 case history. Currently we analyze the countries of the world and the U.S. Counties. See https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=a16bb8b137ba4d8bbe645301b80e5740 for full methodology description.
Assessing the Returns from Organic Marketing Channels
Creators: name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Park, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: marketing outlets
subject: multinomial logit
subject: organic production
subject: selectivity correction

description: Organic farmers face heightened pressure in developing a portfolio of different marketing channels and in bargaining competitively with increasingly sophisticated marketing participants in the supply chain for organic products. This research assists producers by identifying specific farm and demographic factors that enhance earnings given the choice of marketing outlet. The two significant selectivity coefficients confirm that organic earnings when marketing through a single outlet are biased upward since farmers who are better suited to market through multiple outlets have already moved away from this marketing strategy. An accurate evaluation of the projected earnings from any marketing strategy must account for selectivity effects.
Microwave ISM Emission in the Green Bank Galactic Plane Survey: Evidence for Spinning Dust
Creators: name: Finkbeiner, Douglas P.
name: Langston, Glen I.
name: Minter, Anthony H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe significant dust-correlated emission outside of H II regions in the Green Bank Galactic Plane Survey (-4 < b < 4 degrees) at 8.35 and 14.35 GHz. The rising spectral slope rules out synchrotron and free-free emission as majority constituents at 14 GHz, and the amplitude is at least 500 times higher than expected thermal dust emission. When combined with the Rhodes (2.326 GHz), and WMAP (23-94 GHz) data it is possible to fit dust-correlated emission at 2.3-94 GHz with only soft synchrotron, free-free, thermal dust, and an additional dust-correlated component similar to Draine & Lazarian spinning dust. The rising component generally dominates free-free and synchrotron for ν>~ 14 GHz and is overwhelmed by thermal dust at ν> 60 GHz. The current data fulfill most of the criteria laid out by Finkbeiner et al. (2002) for detection of spinning dust.
description: ApJ in press. 26 pages, 11 figures, figures jpeg compressed to save space
Public Goods, Hysteresis, and Underinvestment in Food Safety
Creators: name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Nganje, William E.
name: Acharya, Ram N.
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Nganje, William E.
name: Acharya, Ram N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food safety
subject: hysteresis
subject: investment
subject: public goods
subject: real options
subject: simulation

description: Despite the economic damage inflicted by a foodborne disease outbreak, firms at all points in the supply chain appear to be reluctant to invest in the necessary food safety technologies and practices. We argue that these investments are subject to both hysteretic and public good effects, and construct a theoretical model of food safety investment, calibrated to describe the 2006 E. coli outbreak in California spinach. Both effects are found to induce delays in food safety investments, but the public good effect dominates. We suggest a number of policy options that improve incentives to contribute to the public good.
The Payment Vehicle Used in CV Studies of Environmental Goods Does Matter
Creators: name: Ivehammar, Pernilla
name: Ivehammar, Pernilla
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: CVM
subject: payment vehicle
subject: split-sample tests
subject: valuation

description: This paper examines the effect of the payment vehicle on the valuation of an environmental good with the contingent valuation method (CVM). Results from three CV studies comparing different payment vehicles by using split samples when valuing environmental encroachment caused by roads in Sweden are presented and compared to results from other such split-sample studies of payment vehicle effects. The results are consistent and show that the payment vehicle affects the valuation, but not always the way expected when considering incentives to behave strategically.
The Economic Value of Improved Wastewater Irrigation: A Contingent Valuation Study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Weldesilassie, Alebel B.
name: Fror, Oliver
name: Boelee, Eline
name: Dabbert, Stephan
name: Weldesilassie, Alebel B.
name: Fror, Oliver
name: Boelee, Eline
name: Dabbert, Stephan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: contingent valuation
subject: dichotomous choice
subject: Ethiopia
subject: irrigation
subject: wastewater
subject: willingness to pay

description: In developing countries the use of wastewater for irrigation can cause considerable harm to public health and the environment. This paper uses contingent valuation to estimate the economic value of safe use of wastewater for crop production on farms within and around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We estimate a surprisingly large welfare gain from policies for safe use of wastewater for irrigation. Our study highlights the potential and the possible pitfalls of using nonmarket valuation techniques as an input into public decision making where traditional resource use interacts with public health and environmental concerns in complex ways.
clean_Sendova-Franks_etal2020_RSPBrev2_ESM.docx from Post-Contact immobility and half-lives that save lives
Creators: name: Sendova-Franks, Ana B.
name: Worley, Alan
name: Franks, Nigel R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: A wide variety of animals become completely immobile after initial contact with a potential predator. This behaviour is considered to be a last-ditch escape strategy. Here, we test the hypothesis that such immobility should have an extremely unpredictable duration. We find that it spans more than three orders of magnitude in antlion larvae. We also analyse the second period of immobility that follows the initial bout of immobility and consider the distributions of both initial and second immobility periods within the context of the intermittence that characterizes the movement of most organisms. Both immobility durations were fitted best by exponential distributions. Therefore, both were characterized by high variability and hence, unpredictability. The immobility half-life, its mean duration and standard deviation were greater for the initial than the second immobility. Furthermore, individual consistency was weak or absent in repeated measures of the initial immobility and between the initial and second immobility. Our quantitative approach can be replicated across taxa and would help link an understanding of immobility after an initial predator contact in both vertebrates and invertebrates. To facilitate this, we contend that the terminology should be simplified, and we advocate the use of the term post-contact immobility (PCI).
Additional file 1 of The platform GrowScreen-Agar enables identification of phenotypic diversity in root and shoot growth traits of agar grown plants
Creators: name: Nagel, Kerstin A.
name: Lenz, Henning
name: Kastenholz, Bernd
name: Gilmer, Frank
name: Averesch, Andreas
name: Putz, Alexander
name: Heinz, Kathrin
name: Fischbach, Andreas
name: Scharr, Hanno
name: Fiorani, Fabio
name: Walter, Achim
name: Schurr, Ulrich
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.GrowScreen-Agar mechanical setup parts list and technical drawings, list of phenotyped germplasm, and description of modified Hoagland solution.
List of examined material from Morphological characters in light of new molecular phylogenies: the caudal-fin skeleton of Ovalentaria
Creators: name: Thieme, Philipp
name: Schnell, Nalani K.
name: Parkinson, Kerryn
name: Moritz, Timo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: List of examined material from collection material and literature. Data matrix shows character states for each examined species or collection unit. Rows highlighted in blue show character states of the respective taxon reconstructed from the examined species.
Dairy-borne Disease Outbreak and Milk Demand: A Study Using Outbreak Surveillance Data
Creators: name: Zheng, Yuqing
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Zheng, Yuqing
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
subject: dairy-borne disease outbreak (DBDO)
subject: fluid milk demand
subject: food-borne disease outbreak (FBDO)
subject: outbreak surveillance data

description: We utilize the outbreak surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to examine whether consumer demand is impacted by the outbreak of food-borne disease. An additional person sickened due to the ingestion of tainted cheese products at home is found to decrease per capita milk demand in New York State by 0.13 percent (or 0.07 pound), while milk and ice cream-borne disease outbreaks, occurring at home or in public places, are found to have no impact on fluid milk demand. Our results imply the existence of word-of-mouth effects, which cannot be tested by the popular information/media index approach used to measure food-borne disease outbreaks. We also find that a 7 percent increase in generic advertising expenditures or a 10 percent increase in expenditures on non-advertising marketing activities can offset the negative influence of one ill person in cheese-borne disease outbreaks at home, while holding other demand factors constant.
A measurement of absolute efficiency of the ARAPUCA photon detector in Liquid Argon
Creators: name: Totani, Dante
name: Cancelo, Gustavo
name: Cavanna, Flavio
name: Escobar, Carlos O.
name: Kemp, Ernesto
name: Marinho, Franciole
name: Paulucci, Laura
name: Phan, Dung D.
name: Mufson, Stuart
name: Macias, Chris
name: Warner, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Fall of 2017, two photon detector designs for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Far Detector were installed and tested in the TallBo liquid argon (LAr) cryostat at the Proton Assembly (PAB) facility, Fermilab. The designs include two light bars developed at Indiana University and a photon detector based on the ARAPUCA light trap engineered by Colorado State University and Fermilab. The performance of these devices is determined by analyzing 8 weeks of cosmic ray data. The current paper focuses solely on the ARAPUCA device as the performance of the light bars will be reported separately. The paper briefly describes the ARAPUCA concept, the TallBo setup, and focuses on data analysis and results.
Impacts of Flu/Cold Incidences and Retail Orange Juice Promotion on Orange Juice Demand
Creators: name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Brown, Mark G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: retail promotion
subject: flu
subject: cold
subject: orange juice
subject: demand

description: In this study, we examine the impacts of retail promotions and flu/cold incidences on the demand for orange juice using weekly Nielsen grocery orange juice sales statistics and the flu/cold incidences reported by Surveillance Data Inc. The cross-section time-series pooling technique proposed by Parks was used to estimate the demand parameters. Results show that flu/cold incidences increased the effectiveness of retail promotions on the demand for orange juice.
Additional file 1 of Minor surgery in general practice in Ireland- a report of workload and safety
Creators: name: Riain, Ailís Ní
name: Maguire, Niall
name: Collins, Claire
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. List of Procedures
Diagnosing the outflow from the SGR 1806-20 Giant Flare with Radio Observations
Creators: name: Granot, J.
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, E.
name: Taylor, G. B.
name: Eichler, D.
name: Lyubarsky, Y. E.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
name: Gaensler, B. M.
name: Gelfand, J. D.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 2004 Dec. 27, the soft gamma repeater (SGR) 1806-20 emitted the brightest giant flare (GF) ever detected from an SGR, with an (isotropic) energy release $\sim 100$ times greater than the only two other known SGR GFs. It was followed by a very bright, fading radio afterglow. Extensive follow-up radio observations provided a wealth of information with unprecedented astrometric precision, revealing the temporal evolution of the source size, along with densely sampled light curves and spectra. Here we expand on our previous work on this source, by explaining these observations within one self-consistent dynamical model. In this scenario, the early radio emission is due to the outflow ejected during the GF energizing a thin shell surrounding a pre-existing cavity, where the observed steep temporal decay of the radio emission seen beginning on day 9 is attributed to the adiabatic cooling of the shocked shell. The shocked ejecta and external shell move outward together, driving a forward shock into the ambient medium, and are eventually decelerated by a reverse shock. As we show in Gelfand et al. (2005), the radio emission from the shocked external medium naturally peaks when significant deceleration occurs, and then decays relatively slowly. The dynamical modeling of the collision between the ejecta and the external shell together with the observed evolution of the source size (which is nicely reproduced in our model) suggest that most of the energy in the outflow was in mildly relativistic material, with an initial expansion velocity $v/c \lesssim 0.7d_{15}$, for a distance of $15d_{15}$ kpc to SGR 1806-20. An initially highly relativistic outflow would not have produced a long coasting phase at a mildly relativistic expansion velocity, as was observed.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, clearer and more elaborate version; ApJ, in press
Elastic medium confined in a column versus the Janssen experiment
Creators: name: Ovarlez, G.
name: Clément, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the stresses in an elastic medium confined in a vertical column, when the material is at the Coulomb threshold everywhere at the walls. Simulations are performed in 2 dimensions using a spring lattice, and in 3 dimensions, using Finite Element Method. The results are compared to the Janssen model and to experimental results for a granular material. The necessity to consider elastic anisotropy to render qualitatively the experimental findings is discussed.
Computational complexity and fundamental limitations to fermionic quantum Monte Carlo simulations
Creators: name: Troyer, Matthias
name: Wiese, Uwe-Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum Monte Carlo simulations, while being efficient for bosons, suffer from the "negative sign problem'' when applied to fermions - causing an exponential increase of the computing time with the number of particles. A polynomial time solution to the sign problem is highly desired since it would provide an unbiased and numerically exact method to simulate correlated quantum systems. Here we show, that such a solution is almost certainly unattainable by proving that the sign problem is NP-hard, implying that a generic solution of the sign problem would also solve all problems in the complexity class NP (nondeterministic polynomial) in polynomial time.
description: 4 pages
Improved Water Supply in the Ghanaian Volta Basin: Who Uses it and Who Participates in Community Decision-Making?
Creators: name: Engel, Stefanie
name: Iskandarani, Maria
name: Useche, Pilar
name: Engel, Stefanie
name: Iskandarani, Maria
name: Useche, Pilar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Water safety
subject: Water use
subject: Community participation
subject: Community-based resource management
subject: Water resource allocation

description: We examine access to, use of, and participation in decisions on improved water supply in the Volta basin of Ghana, one of the first countries to introduce a community-based approach to rural water supply on a large scale. While 71 percent of the households interviewed have access to improved water, 43 percent of these continue to use unsafe sources as their main domestic water source. Our results indicate that quality perceptions and opportunity costs play an important role in households’ choice of water source. The effect of prices and income levels on this choice differs according to the pricing system used. Given that supply characteristics such as the location and pricing system affect household decisions to use the improved source, households may try to influence these characteristics in their favor during the community decision-making process for the improved source. However, less than 40 percent of the households interviewed participated in decisions on location or technology. We argue that the decision whether to participate depends on three main factors: (i) the household’s bargaining power, (ii) the potential benefits from influencing outcomes, and (iii) the cost of participation, (mainly opportunity cost of time). Our results indicate that bargaining power matters more than potential benefits. Moreover, we find an extremes effect: the poorest, uneducated and the richest, highly educated segments of the community are more likely to participate in decision-making for improved domestic water supply than the middle class. We conclude with policy implications and needs for further research.
Supplement 5 from Morphological characters in light of new molecular phylogenies: the caudal-fin skeleton of Ovalentaria
Creators: name: Thieme, Philipp
name: Schnell, Nalani K.
name: Parkinson, Kerryn
name: Moritz, Timo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Results Phylogenetic Analyses.pdf
The GALAH Survey: Using Galactic Archaeology to Refine our Knowledge of TESS Target Stars
Creators: name: Clark, Jake T.
name: Clerte, Mathieu
name: Hinkel, Natalie R.
name: Unterborn, Cayman T.
name: Wittenmyer, Robert A.
name: Horner, Jonathan
name: Wright, Duncan J.
name: Carter, Brad
name: Morton, Timothy D.
name: Spina, Lorenzo
name: Asplund, Martin
name: Buder, Sven
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Casey, Andy
name: De Silva, Gayandhi
name: D'Orazi, Valentina
name: Duong, Ly
name: Hayden, Michael
name: Freeman, Ken
name: Kos, Janez
name: Lewis, Geraint
name: Lin, Jane
name: Lind, Karin
name: Martell, Sarah
name: Sharma, Sanjib
name: Simpson, Jeffrey
name: Zucker, Dan
name: Zwitter, Tomaz
name: Tinney, Christopher G.
name: Ting, Yuan-Sen
name: Nordlander, Thomas
name: Amarsi, Anish M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An unprecedented number of exoplanets are being discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Determining the orbital parameters of these exoplanets, and especially their mass and radius, will depend heavily upon the measured physical characteristics of their host stars. We have cross-matched spectroscopic, photometric, and astrometric data from GALAH Data Release 2, the TESS Input Catalog and Gaia Data Release 2, to create a curated, self-consistent catalog of physical and chemical properties for 47,285 stars. Using these data we have derived isochrone masses and radii that are precise to within 5\%. We have revised the parameters of three confirmed, and twelve candidate, TESS planetary systems. These results cast doubt on whether CTOI-20125677 is indeed a planetary system since the revised planetary radii are now comparable to stellar sizes. Our GALAH-TESS catalog contains abundances for up to 23 elements. We have specifically analysed the molar ratios for C/O, Mg/Si, Fe/Si and Fe/Mg, to assist in determining the composition and structure of planets with $R_p < 4R_\oplus$. From these ratios, 36% fall within 2 sigma of the Sun/Earth values, suggesting that these stars may host rocky exoplanets with geological compositions similar to planets found within our own Solar system.
description: Submitted to MNRAS, comments from the community welcomed. GALAH-TESS catalog is available upon request from the corresponding authour
Exceptional type-I superconductivity of the layered silver oxide Ag$_5$Pb$_2$O$_6$
Creators: name: Yonezawa, Shingo
name: Maeno, Yoshiteru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report zero-resistivity transition and the details of magnetic transition of a layered silver oxide Ag$_5$Pb$_2$O$_6$ single crystal, which make definitive evidence of superconductivity in this compound. In the AC susceptibility of a mono-crystal, we observed large supercooling, as well as positive peaks in the real part of the susceptibility indicating the reversibility of magnetic process. These observations reveal that Ag$_5$Pb$_2$O$_6$ is probably the first oxide that shows type-I superconductivity. Evaluation of the superconducting parameters not only gives confirming evidence of type-I superconductivity, but also indicates that it is a dirty-limit superconductor. We also analyze supercooling to determine the upper limit of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter.
description: v2: PACS numbers are added
Application of the six-minute walk test in populations with neuromuscular and musculosketetal conditions : a methodologic perspective
Creators: name: Gylfadóttir, Halldóra Sif
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Rationale: Over the past decade, the six-minute walk (SMW) test has been increasingly used as an assessment tool and treatment outcome measure in populations with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal conditions. Recently, the validity of the test has been called into question. Contamination of the test results with uncontrolled extraneous variables due to an apparent lack of standardization in the administration of the test, and lack of monitoring, recording, and reporting of these variables, may lead to major discrepancies in the test results, thereby limiting optimal clinical decision making, and the interpretability of the test results in research. Purposes: 1) To review systematically the application of the SMW test in research studies on individuals with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal conditions from a methodological perspective, 2) To examine common clinical measures that may influence walk performance in the SMW test in people with chronic poliomyelitis, and to examine the test-retest reliability of the SMW distance, lower extremity muscle strength, balance, and balance confidence on separate trials in the same cohort, and 3) To formulate guidelines for conducting the test to meet the special needs of patients with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal conditions. Results: 1) Sixty-five studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 25 used the test as an assessment tool, and 40 as a treatment outcome measure. There was marked variability in the administration of the SMW test across studies. 2) The SMW distance correlated with physiological cost index (PCI), pre test pain, lower extremity muscle strength, balance, balance confidence, corrected leg length discrepancy, and lung function, but not with rate pressure product, ratings of perceived exertion, post test pain, pre and post test fatigue. The PCI correlated with balance confidence and lung function. About 68% of variance in SMW distance was accounted for by balance and pre-test pain. 3) Clinical practice guidelines for the SMW test were extended. Conclusion: Based on tightened guidelines of the SMW test for patients with chronic poliomyelitis, walking may be improved by optimizing balance and controlling pain. We propose that these guidelines be adopted universally and applied systematically across clinical and research applications for patients with neuromuscular/musculoskeletal, as well as cardiovascular/cardiopulmonary conditions.
Character and character state description from Morphological characters in light of new molecular phylogenies: the caudal-fin skeleton of Ovalentaria
Creators: name: Thieme, Philipp
name: Schnell, Nalani K.
name: Parkinson, Kerryn
name: Moritz, Timo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60301 Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Character and character state description
Consumer Preferences for Socially Responsible Production Attributes Across Food Products
Creators: name: McCluskey, Jill J.
name: Durham, Catherine A.
name: Horn, Brady P.
name: McCluskey, Jill J.
name: Durham, Catherine A.
name: Horn, Brady P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: ecolabels
subject: fair-trade
subject: socially responsible

description: This study examines consumer preferences for three socially responsible products: minimal-pesticide strawberries, fair-trade bananas, and milk from pasture-fed cows. In-person survey data were collected in four states. Understanding preferences for these characteristics is difficult because they may appeal to different individuals depending on their personal attitudes and values. To address this issue, health, environmental and other attitudes are measured based on survey questions. Responses to these questions are used to produce explanatory factor scores. Stated preference models, both with and without factor scores, are estimated to evaluate the relative strengths of consumer preferences and motivations to purchase these products.