cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Shear Viscosity in Weakly Coupled N-Component Scalar Field Theories
Creators: name: Chen, Jiunn-Wei
name: Huang, Mei
name: Hsieh, Chang-Tse
name: Lin, Han-Hsin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rich phenomena of the shear viscosity (eta) to entropy density (s) ratio, eta/s, in weakly coupled N-component scalar field theories are studied. eta/s can have a "double dip" behavior due to resonances and the phase transition. If an explicit goldstone mass term is added, then eta/s can either decrease monotonically in temperature or, as seen in many other systems, reach a minimum at the phase transition. We also show how to go beyond the original variational approach to make the Boltzmann equation computation of eta systematic.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures
ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS BASED ON SEDIMENTS OF WASTE WATERS AND PHOSPHORITES OF CENTRAL KYSILKUM
Creators: name: Temirov Uktam Shavkatovich
name: Doniyarov Nodir Abduhakimovich
name: Usanbayev Nazimuddin Khalmurzaevich
name: Tagaev Ilhom Akhrorovich
name: Jurakulov Bakhrom Azamatovich
Publisher: name: International Journal of Advanced Technology and Natural Sciences
Year: 2020
Subjects: АКТИВНЫЙ ИЛ
ПРОСТАЯ ФОСФОРИТНАЯ МУКА
СЕРНАЯ КИСЛОТА
ФОСФОР
КАЛЬЦИЙ
ОРГАНО-МИНЕРАЛЬНЫЕ УДОБРЕНИЯ
ACTIVE SLUDGE
SIMPLE PHOSPHORITE FLOUR
SULFURIC ACID
PHOSPHORUS
CALCIUM
ORGANIC MINERAL FERTILIZER
ФАОЛ ЛОЙқА
ОДДИЙ ФОСФОРИТ УНИ
СУЛЬФАТ КИСЛОТА
КАЛТЦИЙ
ОРГАНОМИНЕРАЛ ўғИТЛАР

description: This paper presents the results of incomplete decomposition of Central Kyzylkum non-conditioned phosphorites with sulfuric acid (30-70% stoichiometric norm relative to CaO) and its subsequent processing into phosphorus-humus fertilizers with active turbidity. Optimal ratios of starting materials in the production of phosphorus-humus fertilizers on the basis of active turbid and non-conditioned phosphorites and the rate of sulfuric acid for the decomposition of Central Kyzylkum non-conditioned phosphorite were determined.
Chemiluminescence from Ozonized Sesame Oil
Creators: name: Pavan, Nathalia Mariana
name: Filho, Juliano Passaretti
name: Isquibola, Guilherme
name: Caires, Flávio Junior
name: Ximenes, Valdecir Farias
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: The applications of ozonized oils in human medicine, veterinary, and dentistry have been experiencing a significant increase in the last years. An important chemical property of ozonized oils is their oxidizing capacity, which is directly related to the therapeutical effects. This work aimed to study the light emission caused by the oxidation of luminol by ozonized sesame oil. Sesame oil was ozonized at different time intervals and characterized by peroxide index, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The light emission efficiency was correlated with the pH of the medium, the concentration of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), used as a catalyst, and solvents. A linear correlation was obtained between the concentration of ozonized oil and the integrated light emission. In a second approach, taurine chloramine (Tau-NHCl) was used instead of HRP. The light emission was dependent on both ozonized oil and Tau-NHCl, showing the involvement of intermediate oxidative species in the reaction. Considering the growing therapeutic applications of ozonized oils and Tau-NHCl, these findings instigate further biological investigations to characterize additive or synergic microbicidal properties.
The foundations of reasoning about social hierarchy
Creators: name: Pun, Anthea
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Navigating the complexities of social relationships is a fundamental task that many animals face throughout life. Although social animals must cooperate, conflict over valuable resources such as food, territory, and mates is inevitable. To reduce conflict and facilitate group cohesion, social dominance hierarchies form readily and rapidly among social species, including humans. In this dissertation, I will explore human infants’ capacity to represent social dominance between groups. First, in a series of three studies, I will examine whether 6–12-month-old infants are sensitive to relative numerical group size. The first two studies suggest that infants expect an agent from a numerically larger group to be socially dominant. A third study ruled out lower-level alternative explanations for these findings. Building upon this work, I will investigate whether infants represent members of social groups as allies. Across three studies I will explore whether individual members of a social group are expected to assume specific roles and obligations during intergroup conflict. Together, the results from these studies suggest that infants as young as 9 months of age expect intervening agents to exclusively aid ingroup members during a conflict. However, it is also important to be able to assess whether allies have knowledge that there is a conflict and are present and available to intervene. In the final two studies I explored whether allies’ ability to see intergroup conflict occur would affect infants’ expectations of social dominance. These findings suggest that 9–12-month-old infants only expected the group with more agents that could see the conflict occur to prevail and be socially dominant. This suggests that infants are not only sensitive to the overall number of agents in each group, but also consider allies’ ability to provide aid during a conflict. Taken together, this work provides novel insights into the phylogenetic and ontogenetic origins of infants’ capacity to represent social dominance relationships and hierarchies.
Can you count on a calculator? The role of agency and affect in judgments of robots as moral agents
Creators: name: Nijssen, Sari R.R.
name: Müller, Barbara C. N.
name: Bosse, Tibor
name: Paulus, Markus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Robots are becoming an integral part of society, and might soon take on roles involving making morally relevant decisions. In a pre-registered experiment (n = 184), we investigated which factors modulate the extent to which we trust a robot to make a moral choice. Specifically, the effects of anthropomorphic appearance and anthropomorphic agency and affect attributions were assessed. Participants were presented with moral dilemmas in which the individual having to make a decision was a humanoid or mechanical robot. Each robot was described in vignettes in which they were attributed with agency and/or affective states. Subsequently, participants’ implicit moral trust in the robot was measured, as well as explicit trust, perceived capability of the robot, and the extent to which they felt the robot was responsible for its choice. Both agency and affective state attributions were found to impact participants’ implicit and explicit trust as well as the perceived capability of the robot. Moreover, across conditions, mechanical robots were trusted significantly more than humanoid robots to take moral choices.
PROSPECTS FOR ORE FLOW QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN DEEP PITS
Creators: name: Melnikova Tatyana Evgenievna
name: Tashkulov Akmal Alisher Ugli
name: Mavlyanova Gulshan Abdurakhimovna
Publisher: name: International Journal of Advanced Technology and Natural Sciences
Year: 2020
Subjects: ГОРНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ
ГОРНО-ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВОМ
РУДНЫЙ ПОТОК
ГОРНОТРАНСПОРТНОЕ ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ
ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ
СПУТНИКОВАЯ НАВИГАЦИЯ
MINING AND TECHNICAL
MINING AND GEOLOGICAL
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
ORE FLOW
MINING EQUIPMENT
FORECASTING
SATELLITE NAVIGATION
KON-TEXNIK
KON-GEOLOGIK
SIFAT MENEJMENTI
RUDA OQIMI
KON USKUNALARI
PROGNOZLASH
SUN'IY YO'LDOSH NAVIGATSIYASI

description: The article discusses the relevance of the use of ACS in the process of managing the quality of ore flow in deep open pit mines. Their application will allow at all stages of the development of the deposit to assess the qualitative characteristics of the mineral in the bowels, to replenish and correct information on the quality of ore, taking into account the current mining and geological conditions, and, therefore, to effectively manage the quality of the ore.
Hydrodynamic simulations of shell convection in stellar cores
Creators: name: Mocak, Miroslav
name: Muller, Ewald
name: Siess, Lionel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shell convection driven by nuclear burning in a stellar core is a common hydrodynamic event in the evolution of many types of stars. We encounter and simulate this convection (i) in the helium core of a low-mass red giant during core helium flash leading to a dredge-down of protons across an entropy barrier, (ii) in a carbon-oxygen core of an intermediate-mass star during core carbon flash, and (iii) in the oxygen and carbon burning shell above the silicon-sulfur rich core of a massive star prior to supernova explosion. Our results, which were obtained with the hydrodynamics code HERAKLES, suggest that both entropy gradients and entropy barriers are less important for stellar structure than commonly assumed. Our simulations further reveal a new dynamic mixing process operating below the base of shell convection zones.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures .. submitted to a proceedings of conference about "Red Giants as Probes of the Structure and Evolution of the Milky Way" which has taken place between 15-17 November 2010 in Rome
A Generalized Coupon Collector Problem
Creators: name: Xu, Weiyu
name: Tang, Ao Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary-60G70, Secondary-60C05

description: This paper provides analysis to a generalized version of the coupon collector problem, in which the collector gets $d$ distinct coupons each run and she chooses the one that she has the least so far. On the asymptotic case when the number of coupons $n$ goes to infinity, we show that on average $\frac{n\log n}{d} + \frac{n}{d}(m-1)\log\log{n}+O(mn)$ runs are needed to collect $m$ sets of coupons. An efficient exact algorithm is also developed for any finite case to compute the average needed runs exactly. Numerical examples are provided to verify our theoretical predictions.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, preprint
Functional equations for orbifold wreath products
Creators: name: Farsi, Carla
name: Seaton, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57S15, 55S15, 55N91, 05A15

description: We present generating functions for extensions of multiplicative invariants of wreath symmetric products of orbifolds presented as the quotient by the locally free action of a compact, connected Lie group in terms of orbifold sector decompositions. Particularly interesting instances of these product formulas occur for the Euler and Euler--Satake characteristics, which we compute for a class of weighted projective spaces. This generalizes results known for global quotients by finite groups to all closed, effective orbifolds. We also describe a combinatorial approach to extensions of multiplicative invariants using decomposable functors that recovers the formula for the Euler--Satake characteristic of a wreath product of a global quotient orbifold.
description: Revised version, fixed typos, improved exposition, and added examples
Improvement of Monte Carlo estimates with covariance-optimized finite-size scaling at fixed phenomenological coupling
Creators: name: Toldin, Francesco Parisen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the finite-size scaling analysis of Monte Carlo data, instead of computing the observables at fixed Hamiltonian parameters, one may choose to keep a renormalization-group invariant quantity, also called phenomenological coupling, fixed at a given value. Within this scheme of finite-size scaling, we exploit the statistical covariance between the observables in a Monte Carlo simulation in order to reduce the statistical errors of the quantities involved in the computation of the critical exponents. This method is general and does not require additional computational time. This approach is demonstrated in the Ising model in two and three dimensions, where large gain factors in CPU time are obtained.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables; v2: slightly changed title, improved presentation, results unchanged
Aphrophoridae (Hemiptera) vectors of Xylella fastidiosa pauca OQDS juvenile quantitative sampling
Creators: name: Picciotti Ugo
name: D'Accolti Angela
name: Garganese Francesco
name: Gammino Riccardo Pio
name: Tucci Vincenza
name: Russo Valentina
name: Francesco, Diana
name: Salerno Martina
name: Laura, Diana
name: Porfido Carlo
name: Nugnes Francesco
name: Francesco, Porcelli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Xylem-sap feeders, xylematic bacteria, alien invasive pest, plant disease, Mediterranean, CoDiRO, AcquaSamPling, Italy

description: Few Aphrophoridae, namely Philaenus spumarius, P. italosignus and Neophilaenus campestris, transmit Xylella fastidiosa pauca ST53 causing the Apulian OQDS (Olive Quick Decline Syndrome) episode. Vector control is the effective, least impacting and sustainable action to manage and contain insect-borne pathogens. One of us (Porcelli) presented the first draft of an Aphrophoridae vector control strategy during the Symposium in Gallipoli. The same author proposed a more elaborated scheme for EFSA in the POnTE H2020 project kick-off. The strategy targets juvenile spittlebugs for vector control also because they are out of the olives trees, unable to transmit and far in time from transmission risks, pretty delicate and susceptible to several means for control, relatively easy to count ex-ante and ex-post control action, with a control window wide enough to allow a second chance in case of first control action failure. Vector population size is among the few key factors shaping a rational control strategy. Still, traditional adult sweeping net sampling or juvenile seeking by a looking glass does not gather the needed quantitative data. In 2016 we faced the need for novel sampling techniques focused on juvenile spittlebugs because naiades and nymphs are into the spittle and almost immotile, thus appearing as the best possible instars for population measure. The first flotation experiments consisted of collecting herbs in olive orchards, either managed or abandoned and in urban areas from within a transect and washing the plants in water until collecting all the juveniles. Reducing the transect size from 0.25 to 0.04 m2 and adding NaCl and Sucrose to increase the juvenile floating, we suggest a method simple and effective that recorded the highest Aphrophoridae juvenile population (about 10,470,000 per ha). Flotation demonstrated striking differences in population among managed, unmanaged groves and urban environments.
Evidence of a sympathetically mediated cardio-contractile arm of the baroreflex in anesthetized rats
Creators: name: Stewart, Liam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Contemporary discussion of the baroreflex includes the efferent vascular-sympathetic and cardio-vagal arms. Because sympathetic pre/post-ganglionic neurons innervate the LV, however, the heart may also undergo sympathetically mediated increases in cardiac contractility during baroreceptor unloading, but this has not been adequately investigated using a load-independent index of contractility. We aimed to a) determine whether left-ventricular (LV) contractility increases in response to baroreceptor unloading, and b) parse out whether the increase in contractility is mediated via the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system. 10 male rats were anesthetized (1.9 ± 0.4 g/kg urethane) and instrumented with arterial and LV pressure-volume catheters to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP) and contractility [maximal rate of pressure normalized to end-diastolic volume (dP/dtmax–EDV mmHg/s/µl)], respectively, and placed in a servo-controlled lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) chamber to reduce MAP by 10% to mechanically unload baroreceptors. LBNP was repeated in each animal following infusions of esmolol (beta-blocker which blocks cardiac sympathetic transmission), atropine (blocks cardiac parasympathetic transmission), and esmolol + atropine (full cardiac autonomic blockade). Under control conditions, dP/dtmax–EDV increased during baroreceptor unloading (26 ± 6 vs 31 ± 9 mmHg/s/µl, p=0.031) Blocking cardiac sympathetic transmission abolished this response (11 ± 2 vs. 12 ± 2 mmHg/s/µl, p=0.125). In contrast, contractility increased during baroreceptor unloading when blocking cardiac parasympathetic transmission (26 ± 6 vs. 31 ± 9 mmHg/s/µl, p=0.019), suggesting sympathetic activation, not parasympathetic withdrawal, is the key regulator of the contractile response to baroreceptor unloading. Full cardiac autonomic was associated with statistically significant increase in LV contractility (12 ± 3 vs. 15 ± 4 mmHg/s/µl, p=0.046), but the magnitude of which may be of limited functional relevance. The results of this study provide evidence of a sympathetically mediated cardio-contractile arm of the baroreflex in anesthetized rats.
Additional file 1 of Mobile telephone delivered contingency management for encouraging adherence to supervised methadone consumption: feasibility study for an RCT of clinical and cost-effectiveness (TIES)
Creators: name: N. Metrebian
name: E. Carr
name: K. Goldsmith
name: T. Weaver
name: S. Pilling
name: J. Shearer
name: K. Woolston-Thomas
name: B. Tas
name: C. Cooper
name: C. A. Getty
name: R. Van Der Waal
name: M. Kelleher
name: E. Finch
name: P. Bijral
name: D. Taylor
name: J. Scott
name: J. Strang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary material.
MILCA, a Modified Internal Linear Combination Algorithm to extract astrophysical emissions from multi-frequency sky maps
Creators: name: Hurier, G.
name: Macias-Perez, J. F.
name: Hildebrandt, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of current Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments is based on the interpretation of multi-frequency sky maps in terms of different astrophysical components and it requires specifically tailored component separation algorithms. In this context, Internal Linear Combination (ILC) methods have been extensively used to extract the CMB emission from the WMAP multi-frequency data. We present here a Modified Internal Linear Component Algorithm (MILCA) that generalizes the ILC approach to the case of multiple astrophysical components for which the electromagnetic spectrum is known. In addition MILCA corrects for the intrinsic noise bias in the standard ILC approach and extends it to an hybrid space-frequency representation of the data. It also allows us to use external templates to minimize the contribution of extra components but still using only a linear combination of the input data. We apply MILCA to simulations of the Planck satellite data at the HFI frequency bands. We explore the possibility of reconstructing the Galactic molecular CO emission on the Planck maps as well as the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. We conclude that MILCA is able to accurately estimate those emissions and it has been successfully used for this purpose within the Planck collaboration.
description: 13 pages
Additional file 1 of Partnering with general practitioners to optimize survivorship for patients with lymphoma: a phase II randomized controlled trial (the GOSPEL I trial)
Creators: name: Chan, Raymond Javan
name: Buhagiar, Stephanie
name: Laisa Teleni
name: Simonsen, Camilla
name: Turner, Jane
name: Rawson, Courtney
name: Hart, Nicolas H.
name: Jones, Lee
name: Gordon, Louisa
name: Joseph, Ria
name: Oluwaseyifunmi Andi Agbejule
name: Henderson, Fiona
name: Rhee, Joel
name: Ryan, Marissa
name: Carrington, Christine
name: Mapp, Sally
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Autocatalytic plume pinch-off
Creators: name: Rogers, Michael C.
name: Zebib, Abdel
name: Morris, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A localized source of buoyancy flux in a non-reactive fluid medium creates a plume. The flux can be provided by either heat, a compositional difference between the fluid comprising the plume and its surroundings, or a combination of both. For autocatalytic plumes produced by the iodate-arsenous acid reaction, however, buoyancy is produced along the entire reacting interface between the plume and its surroundings. Buoyancy production at the moving interface drives fluid motion, which in turn generates flow that advects the reaction front. As a consequence of this interplay between fluid flow and chemical reaction, autocatalytic plumes exhibit a rich dynamics during their ascent through the reactant medium. One of the more interesting dynamical features is the production of an accelerating vortical plume head that in certain cases pinches-off and detaches from the upwelling conduit. After pinch-off, a new plume head forms in the conduit below, and this can lead to multiple generations of plume heads for a single plume initiation. We investigated the pinch-off process using both experimentation and simulation. Experiments were performed using various concentrations of glycerol, in which it was found that repeated pinch-off occurs exclusively in a specific concentration range. Autocatalytic plume simulations revealed that pinch-off is triggered by the appearance of accelerating flow in the plume conduit.
description: 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys Rev E. See also http://www.physics.utoronto.ca/nonlinear/papers_chemwave.html
Visual Grounding of Whole Radiology Reports for 3D CT Images
Creators: name: Ichinose, Akimichi
name: Hatsutani, Taro
name: Nakamura, Keigo
name: Kitamura, Yoshiro
name: Iizuka, Satoshi
name: Simo-Serra, Edgar
name: Kido, Shoji
name: Tomiyama, Noriyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Building a large-scale training dataset is an essential problem in the development of medical image recognition systems. Visual grounding techniques, which automatically associate objects in images with corresponding descriptions, can facilitate labeling of large number of images. However, visual grounding of radiology reports for CT images remains challenging, because so many kinds of anomalies are detectable via CT imaging, and resulting report descriptions are long and complex. In this paper, we present the first visual grounding framework designed for CT image and report pairs covering various body parts and diverse anomaly types. Our framework combines two components of 1) anatomical segmentation of images, and 2) report structuring. The anatomical segmentation provides multiple organ masks of given CT images, and helps the grounding model recognize detailed anatomies. The report structuring helps to accurately extract information regarding the presence, location, and type of each anomaly described in corresponding reports. Given the two additional image/report features, the grounding model can achieve better localization. In the verification process, we constructed a large-scale dataset with region-description correspondence annotations for 10,410 studies of 7,321 unique patients. We evaluated our framework using grounding accuracy, the percentage of correctly localized anomalies, as a metric and demonstrated that the combination of the anatomical segmentation and the report structuring improves the performance with a large margin over the baseline model (66.0% vs 77.8%). Comparison with the prior techniques also showed higher performance of our method.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures. Accepted at MICCAI 2023
Chemical evolution of turbulent protoplanetary disks and the Solar nebula
Creators: name: Semenov, D.
name: Wiebe, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the second paper in a series where we study the influence of transport processes on the chemical evolution of protoplanetary disks. Our analysis is based on a flared alpha-model of the DM Tau system, coupled to a large gas-grain chemical network. To account for production of complex molecules, the chemical network is supplied with an extended set of surface reactions and photo-processes in ice mantles. Our disk model covers a wide range of radii, 10-800 AU (from a Jovian planet-forming zone to the outer disk edge). Turbulent transport of gases and ices is implicitly modeled in full 2D along with the time-dependent chemistry. Two regimes are considered, with high and low efficiency of turbulent mixing. The results of the chemical model with suppressed turbulent diffusion are close to those from the laminar model, but not completely. A simple analysis for the laminar chemical model to highlight potential sensitivity of a molecule to transport processes is performed. It is shown that the higher the ratio of the characteristic chemical timescale to the turbulent transport timescale for a given molecule, the higher the probability that its column density will be affected by diffusion. We find that turbulent transport enhances abundances and column densities of many gas-phase species and ices, particularly, complex ones. For such species a chemical steady-state is not reached due to long timescales associated with evaporation and surface photoprocessing and recombination. In contrast, simple radicals and molecular ions, which chemical evolution is fast and proceeds solely in the gas phase, are not much affected by dynamics. All molecules are divided into three groups according to the sensitivity of their column densities to the turbulent diffusion. [Abridged]
description: 42 pages, 13 figures, 16 tables, accepted for publication in ApJSS
Generalizing the Cosmic Energy Equation
Creators: name: Shtanov, Yuri
name: Sahni, Varun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the cosmic energy equation to the case when massive particles interact via a modified gravitational potential of the form phi(a, r), which is allowed to explicitly depend upon the cosmological time through the expansion factor a(t). Using the nonrelativistic approximation for particle dynamics, we derive the equation for the cosmological expansion which has the form of the Friedmann equation with a renormalized gravitational constant. The generalized Layzer-Irvine cosmic energy equation and the associated cosmic virial theorem are applied to some recently proposed modifications of the Newtonian gravitational interaction between dark-matter particles. We also draw attention to the possibility that the cosmic energy equation may be used to probe the expansion history of the universe thereby throwing light on the nature of dark matter and dark energy.
description: 11 pages; technical issue in the previous submission corrected; version to match publication in Phys. Rev. D [Rapid Communication]
Segmentation of Kidney Tumors on Non-Contrast CT Images using Protuberance Detection Network
Creators: name: Hatsutani, Taro
name: Ichinose, Akimichi
name: Nakamura, Keigo
name: Kitamura, Yoshiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many renal cancers are incidentally found on non-contrast CT (NCCT) images. On contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) images, most kidney tumors, especially renal cancers, have different intensity values compared to normal tissues. However, on NCCT images, some tumors called isodensity tumors, have similar intensity values to the surrounding normal tissues, and can only be detected through a change in organ shape. Several deep learning methods which segment kidney tumors from CECT images have been proposed and showed promising results. However, these methods fail to capture such changes in organ shape on NCCT images. In this paper, we present a novel framework, which can explicitly capture protruded regions in kidneys to enable a better segmentation of kidney tumors. We created a synthetic mask dataset that simulates a protuberance, and trained a segmentation network to separate the protruded regions from the normal kidney regions. To achieve the segmentation of whole tumors, our framework consists of three networks. The first network is a conventional semantic segmentation network which extracts a kidney region mask and an initial tumor region mask. The second network, which we name protuberance detection network, identifies the protruded regions from the kidney region mask. Given the initial tumor region mask and the protruded region mask, the last network fuses them and predicts the final kidney tumor mask accurately. The proposed method was evaluated on a publicly available KiTS19 dataset, which contains 108 NCCT images, and showed that our method achieved a higher dice score of 0.615 (+0.097) and sensitivity of 0.721 (+0.103) compared to 3D-UNet. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first deep learning method that is specifically designed for kidney tumor segmentation on NCCT images.
description: Accepted in MICCAI 2023
The institutional publishing ecosystem, publishing and service providers: scope and concepts for DIAMAS
Creators: name: Bosman, Jeroen
name: Kramer, Bianca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: open science
open access
scholarly communication
journals

description: In the project DIAMAS the roles and functions of many players in the institutional publishing ecosystem are studied. The various types of institutional publishing service providers, their services, types of control and governance, as well as hypothetical links between institutional publishing service providers are visualized here. Also, these graphs show various options for defining the scope of DIAMAS and of the survey that is part of the project. The ODP and PPT file formats include details animations when presenting.
Additional file 5 of Nanopore sequencing for detecting reciprocal translocation carrier status in preimplantation genetic testing
Creators: name: Xia, Qiuping
name: Li, Shenglan
name: Ding, Taoli
name: Liu, Zhen
name: Liu, Jiaqi
name: Li, Yanping
name: Zhu, Huimin
name: Yao, Zhongyuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Fig.S4. Informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) flanking the breakpoint in chromosome 5 from pedigree 1 (Family LJ) and embryos based on nanopore sequencing. SNP haplotypes were identified successfully for chromosome 5, and three balanced diploid embryos (C, D, and E) were free of translocation.
Spatial epidemiological analysis of cancer incidence in British Columbia, Canada
Creators: name: Simkin, Jonathan David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Background: In British Columbia (BC), geographic variation in cancer risk was reported across large geographic areas and without spatial statistics. More local-based analyses, incorporating spatial statistics are warranted to support regional cancer prevention efforts. Overall, this thesis demonstrates the utility of geospatial approaches to better understand cancer risk in the context of place and geography. After reviewing the literature on Canadian population oncology research that applied geospatial methods (Chapter 2), this thesis demonstrates several geospatial methodologies to explore different research questions, cancer types and settings. Specifically, geospatial methods were used to highlight geographic inequities for a cancer with strong geographic variation (Ch. 3), examine rural-urban differences for a highly preventable cancer (Ch. 4), estimate small area risk (Ch. 5), and explore relationships between environmental exposures and area-level cancer incidence (Ch. 6). Methods: Incident cancers were obtained from the BC Cancer Registry (Ch. 4-6) and cancer registries across eight countries (Ch. 3). Age-standardization was used to derive age-standardized rates and incidence ratios (Ch. 3-6). Spatial data linkage provided levels of urbanization and environmental exposures (Ch 4-6). The Modified Besag, York, and Mollie model was used to estimate small area risk and examine ecologic associations (Ch. 5-6). An R-package was developed for small area risk estimation (Ch. 5). Results: Circumpolar and Indigenous populations experienced elevated stomach cancer incidence rates versus regional counterparts (Ch. 3). Cervical cancer incidence was associated with ethnicity/race and urbanization-level (Ch. 4). Lung cancer risk was estimated among 218 BC Community Health Service Areas and 2357 excess cases were estimated among areas with elevated risk between 2011 and 2018 (Ch. 5). Fine particulate air pollution was associated with an increased lung cancer risk and was modified by area greenness (Ch. 6). Conclusions: This thesis utilizes accessible geospatial approaches that make full use of cancer registry data. Area-level studies alone are not well-suited for causal inference but, combined with other methodologies, offer additional perspectives to better understand cancer risk in the context of place and geography and support localized cancer prevention efforts. These approaches are advance the adoption of geospatial methods in Canadian population oncology research and surveillance.
Quenching of Impurity Spins at Cu/CuO Interfaces: An Antiferromagnetic Proximity Effect
Creators: name: Munakata, Ko
name: Geballe, Theodore H.
name: Beasley, Malcolm R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is observed that the magnetoconductance of bilayer films of copper (Cu) and copper monoxide (CuO) has distinct features compared of that of Cu films on conventional band insulator substrates. We analyze the data above 2 K by the theory of weak antilocalization in two-dimensional metals and suggest that spin-flip scatterings by magnetic impurities inside Cu are suppressed in Cu/CuO samples. Plausibly the results imply a proximity effect of antiferromagnetism inside the Cu layer, which can be understood in the framework of Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) interactions. The data below 1 K, which exhibit slow relaxation reminiscent of spin glass, are consistent with this interpretation.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Added a supplementary material
Detailed Abundances of Giants in the Inner Bulge and Galactic Centre
Creators: name: Ryde, Nils
name: Forsberg, Rebecca
name: Fritz, Tobias
name: Hartman, Henrik
name: Jonsson, Henrik
name: Lomaeva, Maria
name: Matteucci, Francesca
name: Neumayer, Nadine
name: Nandakumar, Govind
name: Origlia, Livia
name: Rich, R. Michael
name: Schultheis, Mathias
name: Thorsbro, Brian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Owing to their extreme crowding and high and variable extinction, stars in the Galactic Bulge, within 2 degrees of the Galactic plane, and especially those in the Nuclear Star Cluster, have only rarely been targeted for an analyses of their detailed abundances. There is also some disagreement about the high end of the abundance scale for these stars. It is now possible to obtain high dispersion, high S/N spectra in the infrared K band ( 2.0-2.4 microns) for these giants; we will review our progress at Keck and VLT in using these spectra to infer the composition of this stellar population.
Non-commutative flux representation for loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Baratin, Aristide
name: Dittrich, Bianca
name: Oriti, Daniele
name: Tambornino, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hilbert space of loop quantum gravity is usually described in terms of cylindrical functionals of the gauge connection, the electric fluxes acting as non-commuting derivation operators. It has long been believed that this non-commutativity prevents a dual flux (or triad) representation of loop quantum gravity to exist. We show here, instead, that such a representation can be explicitly defined, by means of a non-commutative Fourier transform defined on the loop gravity state space. In this dual representation, flux operators act by *-multiplication and holonomy operators act by translation. We describe the gauge invariant dual states and discuss their geometrical meaning. Finally, we apply the construction to the simpler case of a U(1) gauge group and compare the resulting flux representation with the triad representation used in loop quantum cosmology.
description: 12 pages, matches published version
Additional file 6 of Nanopore sequencing for detecting reciprocal translocation carrier status in preimplantation genetic testing
Creators: name: Xia, Qiuping
name: Li, Shenglan
name: Ding, Taoli
name: Liu, Zhen
name: Liu, Jiaqi
name: Li, Yanping
name: Zhu, Huimin
name: Yao, Zhongyuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Fig.S5. Informativesingle-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) flanking the breakpoint in chromosome 13 from pedigree 2 (Family LHY) and embryos based on nanopore sequencing. SNP haplotypes were identified successfully for chromosome 13, and two balanced diploid embryos (A and L) were free of translocation.
Compact-like abelian groups without non-trivial quasi-convex null sequences
Creators: name: Dikranjan, D.
name: Lukács, Gábor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22A05, 54H11 (Primary) 22C05, 54D30 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, we study precompact abelian groups G that contain no sequence {x_n} such that {0} \cup {\pm x_n : n \in N} is infinite and quasi-convex in G, and x_n --> 0. We characterize groups with this property in the following classes of groups: (a) bounded precompact abelian groups; (b) minimal abelian groups; (c) totally minimal abelian groups; (d) ω-bounded abelian groups. We also provide examples of minimal abelian groups with this property, and show that there exists a minimal pseudocompact abelian group with the same property; furthermore, under Martin's Axiom, the group may be chosen to be countably compact minimal abelian.
description: Final version
Development and Assessment of Autonomous Vehicles in Both Fully Automated and Mixed Traffic Conditions
Creators: name: Abdelrahman, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technology is advancing rapidly, promising a significant shift in road transportation safety and potentially resolving various complex transportation issues. With the increasing deployment of AVs by various companies, questions emerge about how AVs interact with each other and with human drivers, especially when AVs are prevalent on the roads. Ensuring cooperative interaction between AVs and between AVs and human drivers is critical, though there are concerns about possible negative competitive behaviors. This paper presents a multi-stage approach, starting with the development of a single AV and progressing to connected AVs, incorporating sharing and caring V2V communication strategy to enhance mutual coordination. A survey is conducted to validate the driving performance of the AV and will be utilized for a mixed traffic case study, which focuses on how the human drivers will react to the AV driving alongside them on the same road. Results show that using deep reinforcement learning, the AV acquired driving behavior that reached human driving performance. The adoption of sharing and caring based V2V communication within AV networks enhances their driving behavior, aids in more effective action planning, and promotes collaborative behavior amongst the AVs. The survey shows that safety in mixed traffic cannot be guaranteed, as we cannot control human ego-driven actions if they decide to compete with AV. Consequently, this paper advocates for enhanced research into the safe incorporation of AVs on public roads.
Additional file 7 of Nanopore sequencing for detecting reciprocal translocation carrier status in preimplantation genetic testing
Creators: name: Xia, Qiuping
name: Li, Shenglan
name: Ding, Taoli
name: Liu, Zhen
name: Liu, Jiaqi
name: Li, Yanping
name: Zhu, Huimin
name: Yao, Zhongyuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Fig.S6. Informativesingle-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) flanking the breakpoint in chromosome 17 from pedigree 2 (Family LHY) and embryos based on nanopore sequencing. SNP haplotypes were identified successfully for chromosome 17, and two balanced diploid embryos (A and L) were free of translocation.
Energy dependence of the saturation scale and the charged multiplicity in pp and AA collisions
Creators: name: Lappi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A natural framework to understand the energy dependence of bulk observables from lower energy experiments to the LHC is provided by the Color Glass Condensate, which leads to a "geometrical scaling" in terms of an energy dependent saturation scale Q_s. The measured charged multiplicity, however, seems to grow faster (~\sqrt{s}^0.3) in nucleus-nucleus collisions than it does for protons (~\sqrt{s}^0.2), violating the expectation from geometric scaling. We argue that this difference between pp and AA collisions can be understood from the effect of DGLAP evolution on the value of the saturation scale, and is consistent with gluon saturation observations at HERA.
description: RevTeX, 8 pages, 4 figures. V2: modified discussion of fragmentation, published in EPJC
The Complexity of Approximately Counting Stable Matchings
Creators: name: Chebolu, Prasad
name: Goldberg, Leslie Ann
name: Martin, Russell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68Q15, 68Q25

description: We investigate the complexity of approximately counting stable matchings in the $k$-attribute model, where the preference lists are determined by dot products of "preference vectors" with "attribute vectors", or by Euclidean distances between "preference points" and "attribute points". Irving and Leather proved that counting the number of stable matchings in the general case is $#P$-complete. Counting the number of stable matchings is reducible to counting the number of downsets in a (related) partial order and is interreducible, in an approximation-preserving sense, to a class of problems that includes counting the number of independent sets in a bipartite graph ($#BIS$). It is conjectured that no FPRAS exists for this class of problems. We show this approximation-preserving interreducibilty remains even in the restricted $k$-attribute setting when $k \geq 3$ (dot products) or $k \geq 2$ (Euclidean distances). Finally, we show it is easy to count the number of stable matchings in the 1-attribute dot-product setting.
description: Fixed typos, small revisions for clarification, etc
The IR stability of de Sitter QFT: results at all orders
Creators: name: Marolf, Donald
name: Morrison, Ian A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Hartle-Hawking vacuum for theories of interacting massive scalars in de Sitter space is both perturbatively well-defined and stable in the IR. Correlation functions in this state may be computed on the Euclidean section and Wick-rotated to Lorentz-signature. The results are manifestly de Sitter-invariant and contain only the familiar UV singularities. More importantly, the connected parts of all Lorentz-signature correlators decay at large separations of their arguments. Our results apply to all cases in which the free Euclidean vacuum is well defined, including scalars with masses belonging to both the complementary and principal series of $SO(D,1)$. This suggests that interacting QFTs in de Sitter -- including higher spin fields -- are perturbatively IR-stable at least when i) the Euclidean vacuum of the zero-coupling theory exists and ii) corresponding Lorentz-signature zero-coupling correlators decay at large separations. This work has significant overlap with a paper by Stefan Hollands, which is being released simultaneously.
description: 30 pp., 4 figures. Small typos fixed, refs added
Precision measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino interaction rate in Borexino
Creators: name: The Borexino Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A direct measurement of the 0.862 MeV 7Be solar neutrino interaction rate performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso yields 46.0$\pm1.5_{\rm stat}$$^{+1.6}_{-1.5\,\rm syst}$ counts/day/(100 tons). Our result is the first direct measurement of a sub-MeV solar neutrino rate with an accuracy better than 5%. The hypothesis of no oscillation for 7Be solar neutrinos is rejected at 4.9$σ$ C.L. Using the latest Standard Solar Model (SSM) flux predictions, the result leads directly to a precise determination of the survival probability for solar $ν_e$'s in vacuum, and permits us to probe with unprecedented sensitivity the transition between the matter-enhanced and vacuum-dominated neutrino oscillation regimes characteristic of the MSW-LMA solution to the solar neutrino problem.
description: Accepted for publication on Physics Review Letters