cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Further results on entanglement detection and quantification from the correlation matrix criterion
Creators: name: de Vicente, Julio I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correlation matrix (CM) criterion is a recently derived powerful sufficient condition for the presence of entanglement in bipartite quantum states of arbitrary dimensions. It has been shown that it can be stronger than the positive partial transpose (PPT) criterion, as well as the computable cross norm or realignment (CCNR) criterion in different situations. However, it remained as an open question whether there existed sets of states for which the CM criterion could be stronger than both criteria simultaneously. Here, we give an affirmative answer to this question by providing examples of entangled states that scape detection by both the PPT and CCNR criteria whose entanglement is revealed by the CM condition. We also show that the CM can be used to measure the entanglement of pure states and obtain lower bounds for the entanglement measure known as tangle for general (mixed) states.
description: 13 pages, no figures; added references, minor changes; section 4.3 added, to appear in J. Phys. A
Extracted data on employers and farmers compared with published tables in the Census General Reports, 1851-1881
Creators: name: Van Lieshout, Carry
name: Bennett, Robert
name: Smith, Harry
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019

description: This paper compares published census tables for employers in England and Wales with extractions of individuals from the I-CeM and S&N sources. This is for non-farmers for 1851, and farmers for 1851-71, the only years that have published census tables for these data. The comparisons confirm a generally good match. Although there are some deficiencies possible from I-CeM/S&N data, the data are less ambiguous in definitions and more complete in some respects than achieved by published census tables, especially for larger firms and larger farms.
Constraints on the Abundance of Highly Ionized Proto-Cluster Regions from the Absence of Large Voids in the Lyman Alpha Forest
Creators: name: Shang, Cien
name: Crotts, Arlin
name: Haiman, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energetic feedback processes during the formation of galaxy clusters may have heated and ionized a large fraction of the intergalactic gas in proto-cluster regions. When such a highly ionized hot ``super-bubble'' falls along the sightline to a background quasar, it would be seen as a large void, with little or no absorption, in the Lyman alpha forest. We examine the spectra of 137 quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, to search for such voids, and find no clear evidence of their existence. The size distribution of voids in the range 5-70 Angstrom (corresponding to physical sizes of approximately 3-35 comoving Mpc/h) is consistent with the standard model for the Lyman alpha forest without additional hot bubbles. We adapt a physical model for HII bubble growth during cosmological reionization (Furlanetto, Zaldarriaga and Hernquist 2004), to describe the expected size-distribution of hot super-bubbles at redshift around z = 3. This model incorporates the conjoining of bubbles around individual neighboring galaxies. Using the non-detection of voids, we find that models in which the volume filling factor of hot bubbles exceeds approximately 20 percent at z=3 can be ruled out, primarily because they overproduce the number of large (40-50 Angstrom) voids. We conclude that any pre-heating mechanism that explains galaxy cluster observations must avoid heating the low-density gas in the proto-cluster regions, either by operating relatively recently (z<3) or by depositing entropy in the high-density regions.
description: submitted to ApJ, 9 emulateapj pages with 3 figures
Dynamics of large samples of repulsive Fermi gases at nonzero temperatures
Creators: name: Ryszkiewicz, Jarosław
name: Brewczyk, Mirosław
name: Karpiuk, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model of a binary fermionic mixture, consisting of large number of atoms, applicable at nonzero temperatures, in the normal phase. We use this approach to study dynamics of degenerate Fermi systems under various perturbations. For example, we analyze spin-dipole oscillations of a two-component fermionic mixture, demonstrating that the ferromagnetic phase shows up at stronger repulsion between components while the temperature raises. We study as well the radial oscillations of weakly interacting repulsive Fermi gases. We obtain a good agreement with experimental data when available. Otherwise, we compare our results with the outcome of the Hartree-Fock orbital calculations done for the system with small number of fermions.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, extended discussion
Cayley decompositions of lattice polytopes and upper bounds for h^*-polynomials
Creators: name: Haase, Christian
name: Nill, Benjamin
name: Payne, Sam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B20 (Primary); 14M25, 14C20 (Secondary)

description: We give an effective upper bound on the h^*-polynomial of a lattice polytope in terms of its degree and leading coefficient, confirming a conjecture of Batyrev. We deduce this bound as a consequence of a strong Cayley decomposition theorem which says, roughly speaking, that any lattice polytope with a large multiple that has no interior lattice points has a nontrivial decomposition as a Cayley sum of polytopes of smaller dimension. In an appendix, we interpret this result in terms of adjunction theory for toric varieties.
description: AMS-LaTeX, 9 pages
Narrow-width approximation accuracy
Creators: name: Uhlemann, C. F.
name: Kauer, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study of general properties of the narrow-width approximation (NWA) with polarization/spin decorrelation is presented. We prove for total rates of arbitrary resonant decay or scattering processes with an on-shell intermediate state decaying via a cubic or quartic vertex that decorrelation effects vanish and the NWA is of order Gamma. Its accuracy is then determined numerically for all resonant 3-body decays involving scalars, spin-1/2 fermions or vector bosons. We specialize the general results to MSSM benchmark scenarios. Significant off-shell corrections can occur - similar in size to QCD corrections. We qualify the configurations in which a combined consideration is advisable. For this purpose, we also investigate process-independent methods to improve the NWA.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; added reference, version to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
New Radio Sources and the Composite Structure of Component B in the Very Young Protostellar System IRAS 16293-2422
Creators: name: Loinard, Laurent
name: Chandler, Claire J.
name: Rodriguez, Luis F.
name: D'Alessio, Paola
name: Brogan, Crystal L.
name: Wilner, David J.
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we report high-resolution (~ 0.1" -- 0.3"), high-sensitivity (~ 50 -100 uJy beam-1) Very Large Array 0.7 and 1.3 cm observations of the young stellar system IRAS 16293-2422 in rho-Ophiuchus. In the 0.7 cm image, component A to the south-east of the system looks like its usual binary self. In the new 1.3 cm image, however, component A2 appears to have split into two sub-components located roughly symmetrically around the original position of A2. This change of morphology is likely the result of a recent bipolar ejection, one of the very first such events observed in a low-mass source. Also in component A, a marginal detection of 0.7 cm emission associated with the submillimeter component Ab is reported. If confirmed, this detection would imply that Ab is a relatively extended dusty structure, where grain coagulation may already have taken place. With an angular size increasing with frequency, and an overall spectra index of 2, the emission from component B to the north-west of the system is confirmed to be dominated by optically thick thermal dust emission associated with a fairly massive, nearly face-on, circumstellar disk. In the central region, however, we find evidence for a modest free-free contribution that originates in a structure elongated roughly in the east-west direction. We argue that this free-free component traces the base of the jet driving the large-scale bipolar flow at a position angle of about 110 degrees that has long been known to be powered by IRAS 16293-2422.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, accepted by ApJ
Laser soliton microcombs on silicon
Creators: name: Xiang, Chao
name: Liu, Junqiu
name: Guo, Joel
name: Chang, Lin
name: Wang, Rui Ning
name: Weng, Wenle
name: Peters, Jonathan
name: Xie, Weiqiang
name: Zhang, Zeyu
name: Riemensberger, Johann
name: Selvidge, Jennifer
name: Kippenberg, Tobias J.
name: Bowers, John E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon photonics enables wafer-scale integration of optical functionalities on chip. A silicon-based laser frequency combs could significantly expand the applications of silicon photonics, by providing integrated sources of mutually coherent laser lines for terabit-per-second transceivers, parallel coherent LiDAR, or photonics-assisted signal processing. Here, we report on heterogeneously integrated laser soliton microcombs combining both InP/Si semiconductor lasers and ultralow-loss silicon nitride microresonators on monolithic silicon substrate. Thousands of devices are produced from a single wafer using standard CMOS techniques. Using on-chip electrical control of the microcomb-laser relative optical phase, these devices can output single-soliton microcombs with 100 GHz repetition rate. Our approach paves the way for large-volume, low-cost manufacturing of chip-based frequency combs for next-generation high-capacity transceivers, datacenters, space and mobile platforms.
General Relativity Constraints the Proper Times and Predicts the Frozen Stars Instead of the Black Holes
Creators: name: Zakir, Zahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a static gravitational field an intersection of a worldline by a global hypersurface of simultaneity t=const gives an invariant constraint relating the proper time of this event by t. Since at any finite t the such constrained proper time intervals are less than reqiured for crossing a horizon, general relativity predicts the gravitational freezing of proper times in stars with time-like or null geodesics everywhere. The time dilation stabilizes contracting massive stars by freezing, which is maximal but finite at the centre, and the surface is frozen near the gravitational radius. The frozen stars (frozars) slowly defrost due to emissions and external interactions, the internal phase transitions can initiate refreezing with bursts and explosions.
description: 10 pages. Submitted to Phys. Lett. B. Reviesed version
$S$ Parameter in the Holographic Walking/Conformal Technicolor
Creators: name: Haba, Kazumoto
name: Matsuzaki, Shinya
name: Yamawaki, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explicitly calculate the $S$ parameter in entire parameter space of the holographic walking/conformal technicolor (W/C TC), based on the deformation of the holographic QCD by varying the anomalous dimension from $γ_m \simeq 0$ through $γ_m \simeq 1$ continuously. The $S$ parameter is given as a positive monotonic function of $ξ$ which is fairly insensitive to $γ_m$ and continuously vanishes as $S \sim ξ^2 \to 0$ when $ξ\to 0$, where $ξ$ is the vacuum expectation value of the bulk scalar field at the infrared boundary of the 5th dimension $z=z_m$ and is related to the mass of (techni-) $ρ$ meson ($M_ρ$) and the decay constant ($f_π$) as $ξ\sim f_πz_m \sim f_π/M_ρ$ for $ξ\ll 1$. However, although $ξ$ is related to the techni-fermion condensate $\condense$, we find no particular suppression of $ξ$ and hence of $S$ due to large $γ_m$, based on the correct identification of the renormalization-point dependence of $\condense$ in contrast to the literature. Then we argue possible behaviors of $f_π/M_ρ$ as $\condense \to 0$ near the conformal window characterized by the Banks-Zaks infrared fixed point in more explicit dynamics with $γ_m \simeq 1$. It is a curious coincidence that the result from ladder Schwinger-Dyson and Bethe-Salpeter equations well fits in the parameter space obtained in this paper. When $f_π/M_ρ\to 0$ is realized, the holography suggests a novel possibility that $f_π$ vanishes much faster than the dynamical mass $m$ does.
description: typo, a version to be published in Progress of Theoretical Physics
Production of $(τ^+τ^-)_b$ in electron positron collisions
Creators: name: Malik, A. A.
name: Satsunkevich, I. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $(τ^+τ^-)_b$ is an atom of simple hydrogenlike structure similar to positronium $(e^+e^-)_b$ and $(μ^+μ^-)_b$. In this paper energy levels and decay widths of different decay channels of $(τ^+τ^-)_b$ are given. Cross section of production of this atomic system in $e^+e^-$ annihilation taking into account radiative corrections is calculated. According to our estimates 886 $(τ^+τ^-)_b$ atoms may be produced at BEPCII and 29 $(τ^+τ^-)_b$ atoms are produced at VEPP-4M under the present experimental conditions.
description: 5 pages, submitted to Int. Jour. Mod. Phys. A
Propagation of large concentration changes in reversible protein binding networks
Creators: name: Maslov, Sergei
name: Ispolatov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study how the dynamic equilibrium of the reversible protein-protein binding network in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to large changes in abundances of individual proteins. The magnitude of shifts between free and bound concentrations of their immediate and more distant neighbors in the network is influenced by such factors as the network topology, the distribution of protein concentrations among its nodes, and the average binding strength. Our primary conclusion is that, on average, the effects of a perturbation are strongly localized and exponentially decay with the network distance away from the perturbed node, which explains why, despite globally connected topology, individual functional modules in such networks are able to operate fairly independently. We also found that under specific favorable conditions, realized in a significant number of paths in the yeast network, concentration perturbations can selectively propagate over considerable network distances (up to four steps). Such "action-at-a-distance" requires high concentrations of heterodimers along the path as well as low free (unbound) concentration of intermediate proteins.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
title: Managing Rangelands Without Herding? Insights From Africa and Beyond
Creators: name: Schlecht, Eva
name: Turner, Matthew D.
name: Hülsebusch, Christian G.
name: Bürkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: arid regions
subject: ecosystem services
subject: labor scarcity
subject: knowledge erosion
subject: marginal land
subject: mobility
subject: pastoralism
subject: social isolation
subject: 550
subject: 630
subject: Weide
subject: Trockengebiet
subject: Ökosystemdienstleistung
subject: Weidewirtschaft
subject: Viehbestand
subject: Hüten

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Universality in scattering by large-scale potential fluctuations in two-dimensional conductors
Creators: name: Yudson, Vladimir I.
name: Maslov, Dmitrii L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electron propagation through a random array of rare, opaque and large (compared the de Broglie wavelength of electrons) scatterers. It is shown that for any convex scatterer the ratio of the transport to quantum lifetimes η=τ_{tr}/τ_{tot}$ does not depend on the shape of the scatterer but only on whether scattering is specular or diffuse and on the spatial dimensionality (D). In particular, for specular scattering, ηis a universal constant determined only by the dimensionality of the system: η= 2 for D = 3 and η= 3/2 for D = 2. The crossover between classical and quantum regimes of scattering is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRB
Direct Microlensing-Reverberation Observations of the Intrinsic magnetic Structure of AGN in Different Spectral States: A Tale of Two Quasars
Creators: name: Schild, Rudolph E.
name: Leiter, Darryl J.
name: Robertson, Stanley L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how direct microlensing-reverberation analysis performed on two well-known Quasars (Q2237 - The Einstein Cross and Q0957 - The Twin) can be used to observe the inner structure of two quasars which are in significantly different spectral states. These observations allow us to measure the detailed internal structure of quasar Q2237 in a radio quiet high-soft state, and compare it to quasar Q0957 in a radio loud low-hard state. We find that the observed differences in the spectral states of these two quasars can be understood as being due to the location of the inner radii of their accretion disks relative to the co-rotation radii of rotating intrinsically magnetic supermassive compact objects in the centers of these quasars.
description: 26 page manuscript with 2 tables and 2 figures, submitted to Astronomical Journal
Hierarchical Convolutional Neural Network with Feature Preservation and Autotuned Thresholding for Crack Detection
Creators: name: Zhu, Qiuchen
name: Dinh, Tran Hiep
name: Phung, Manh Duong
name: Ha, Quang Phuc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Drone imagery is increasingly used in automated inspection for infrastructure surface defects, especially in hazardous or unreachable environments. In machine vision, the key to crack detection rests with robust and accurate algorithms for image processing. To this end, this paper proposes a deep learning approach using hierarchical convolutional neural networks with feature preservation (HCNNFP) and an intercontrast iterative thresholding algorithm for image binarization. First, a set of branch networks is proposed, wherein the output of previous convolutional blocks is half-sizedly concatenated to the current ones to reduce the obscuration in the down-sampling stage taking into account the overall information loss. Next, to extract the feature map generated from the enhanced HCNN, a binary contrast-based autotuned thresholding (CBAT) approach is developed at the post-processing step, where patterns of interest are clustered within the probability map of the identified features. The proposed technique is then applied to identify surface cracks on the surface of roads, bridges or pavements. An extensive comparison with existing techniques is conducted on various datasets and subject to a number of evaluation criteria including the average F-measure (AF\b{eta}) introduced here for dynamic quantification of the performance. Experiments on crack images, including those captured by unmanned aerial vehicles inspecting a monorail bridge. The proposed technique outperforms the existing methods on various tested datasets especially for GAPs dataset with an increase of about 1.4% in terms of AF\b{eta} while the mean percentage error drops by 2.2%. Such performance demonstrates the merits of the proposed HCNNFP architecture for surface defect inspection.
Diffractive dissociation re-visited for predictions at the LHC
Creators: name: Luna, E. G. S.
name: Khoze, V. A.
name: Martin, A. D.
name: Ryskin, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the formalism, and present the results, for a triple-Regge analysis of the available pp and p\bar{p} high-energy data which explicitly accounts for absorptive corrections. In particular, we allow for the gap survival probability, S^2, in single proton diffractive dissociation. Since for pp scattering the value of S^2 is rather small, the triple-Pomeron vertex obtained in this analysis is larger than that obtained in the old analyses where the suppression caused by the absorptive corrections was implicitly included in an effective vertex. We show that the bare triple-Pomeron coupling that we extract from the pp and p\bar{p} data is consistent with that obtained in a description of the gamma p -> J/psi + Y HERA data. The analyses of the data prefer a zero slope, corresponding to the small size of the bare vertex, giving the hope of a smooth matching to the perturbative QCD treatment of the triple-Pomeron coupling.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures; two figures added, references added, version to appear in Eur.Phys.J.C
Zero minors of the neutrino mass matrix
Creators: name: Lashin, E. I.
name: Chamoun, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the possibility that a certain class of neutrino mass matrices, namely those with two independent vanishing minors in the flavor basis, regardless of being invertible or not, is sufficient to describe current data. We compute generic formulae for the ratios of the neutrino masses and for the Majorana phases. We find that seven textures with two vanishing minors can accommodate the experimental data. We present an estimate of the mass matrix for these patterns. All the possible textures can be dynamically generated through the seesaw mechanism augmented with a discrete Abelian symmetry.
description: latex, 22 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted version to appear in PRD
How Will Your Tweet Be Received? Predicting the Sentiment Polarity of Tweet Replies
Creators: name: Arasteh, Soroosh Tayebi
name: Monajem, Mehrpad
name: Christlein, Vincent
name: Heinrich, Philipp
name: Nicolaou, Anguelos
name: Boldaji, Hamidreza Naderi
name: Lotfinia, Mahshad
name: Evert, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Twitter sentiment analysis, which often focuses on predicting the polarity of tweets, has attracted increasing attention over the last years, in particular with the rise of deep learning (DL). In this paper, we propose a new task: predicting the predominant sentiment among (first-order) replies to a given tweet. Therefore, we created RETWEET, a large dataset of tweets and replies manually annotated with sentiment labels. As a strong baseline, we propose a two-stage DL-based method: first, we create automatically labeled training data by applying a standard sentiment classifier to tweet replies and aggregating its predictions for each original tweet; our rationale is that individual errors made by the classifier are likely to cancel out in the aggregation step. Second, we use the automatically labeled data for supervised training of a neural network to predict reply sentiment from the original tweets. The resulting classifier is evaluated on the new RETWEET dataset, showing promising results, especially considering that it has been trained without any manually labeled data. Both the dataset and the baseline implementation are publicly available.
description: Published in 2021 IEEE 15th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC)
Apollo, Cambridge's IR: DataCite DOIs and progress update
Creators: name: Martinez Garcia, Agustina
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017
Subjects: Institutional Repositories
Persistent identifiers
DOIs

description: Presentation on Cambridge's Apollo Institutional Repository latest developments in relation to DOIs, at the "DataCite UK User Group meeting", which is an annual meeting for organisations who use the British Library's DataCite UK service.
Phase Transition in the 1d Random Field ising model with long range interaction
Creators: name: Cassandro, Marzio
name: Orlandi, Enza
name: Picco, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35 (Primary) 82B20,82B43 (Secondary)

description: We study the one dimensional Ising model with ferromagnetic, long range interaction which decays as |i-j|^{-2+a}, 1/2< a<1, in the presence of an external random filed. we assume that the random field is given by a collection of independent identically distributed random variables, subgaussian with mean zero. We show that for temperature and strength of the randomness (variance) small enough with P=1 with respect to the distribution of the random fields there are at least two distinct extremal Gibbs measures.
Multiscale modelling of structure formation of C$_{60}$ on insulating CaF$_2$ substrates
Creators: name: Janke, William
name: Speck, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Morphologies of adsorbed molecular films are of interest in a wide range of applications. To study the epitaxial growth of these systems in computer simulations requires access to long time and length scales and one typically resorts to kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. However, KMC simulations require as input transition rates and their dependence on external parameters (such as temperature). Experimental data allows only limited and indirect access to these rates, and models are often oversimplified. Here we follow a bottom-up approach and aim to systematically construct all relevant rates for an example system that has shown interesting properties in experiments, buckminsterfullerene on a calcium fluoride substrate. We develop classical force fields (both atomistic and coarse-grained) and perform molecular dynamics simulations of the elementary transitions in order to derive explicit expressions for the transition rates with a minimal number of free parameters.
Integrated gydrological and mass balance assessment in a German lowland catchment with a coupled hydrologic and hydraulic modelling
Creators: name: Waseem, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock, Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Professur Wasserwirtschaft Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 333.7 Natural resources, energy and environment
subject: 550 Earth sciences
subject: 624 Structural and Environmental Engineering

description: Data analysis with simple parameterization techniques (hydrograph separation methods and Darcy law) was conducted in the Augraben River catchment to divide the total surface flow into base flow and quick flow. An integrated coupled hydrological and hydraulic model (MIKE SHE and MIKE 11) is used to quantify the meteorological eﬀects on water balance components and the exchange of groundwater and surface water. Hydrological modeling results in combination with limited available water quality data is used to estimate the hydrology and water quality variations at a sub-catchment scale.
Diagnostics of the Synchronization of Self-Oscillatory Systems by an External Force with Varying Frequency with the Use of Wavelet Analysis
Creators: name: Koronovskii, Alexey
name: Ponomarenko, Vladimir
name: Prokhorov, Mikhail
name: Hramov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A diagnostics method based on a continuous wavelet transform is proposed. This method makes it possible to diagnose the presence of synchronization of the oscillations of a self-excited oscillator locked by an external force with a linearly modulated frequency and to distinguish such a situation from the case when an external signal leaks into self-oscillations; i.e., the signals are summed without a change in the self-oscillation frequency. The method's efficiency is shown with the use of a Van der Pol generator and experimental physiological data as examples.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Cosmic Reionization and the 21-cm signal: Comparison between an analytical model and a simulation
Creators: name: Santos, Mario G.
name: Amblard, Alexandre
name: Pritchard, Jonathan
name: Trac, Hy
name: Cen, Renyue
name: Cooray, Asantha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure several properties of the reionization process and the corresponding low-frequency 21-cm signal associated with the neutral hydrogen distribution, using a large volume, high resolution simulation of cosmic reionization. The brightness temperature of the 21-cm signal is derived by post-processing this numerical simulation with a semi-analytical prescription. Our study extends to high redshifts (z ~ 25) where, in addition to collisional coupling, our post-processed simulations take into account the inhomogeneities in the heating of the neutral gas by X-rays and the effect of an inhomogeneous Lya radiation field. Unlike the well-studied case where spin temperature is assumed to be significantly greater than the temperature of the cosmic microwave background due to uniform heating of the gas by X-rays, spatial fluctuations in both the Lya radiation field and X-ray intensity impact predictions related to the brightness temperature at z > 10, during the early stages of reionization and gas heating. The statistics of the 21-cm signal from our simulation are then compared to existing analytical models in the literature and we find that these analytical models provide a reasonably accurate description of the 21-cm power spectrum at z < 10. Such an agreement is useful since analytical models are better suited to quickly explore the full astrophysical and cosmological parameter space relevant for future 21-cm surveys. We find, nevertheless, non-negligible differences that can be attributed to differences in the inhomogeneous X-ray heating and Lya coupling at z > 10 and, with upcoming interferometric data, these differences in return can provide a way to better understand the astrophysical processes during reionization.
description: Major paper revision to match version accepted for publication in ApJ. Simulation now fully includes fluctuations in the X-ray heating and the Lya radiation field. 18 pages, 13 figures
Processing and Punishment: Examining the Relationship between Time to Disposition, Mode of Conviction, and Sentence Severity
Creators: name: Stewart, Christina Danielle
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
subject: case processing
subject: criminal courts
subject: plea bargaining
subject: sentencing
subject: trial penalty

description: The literature on sentencing assumes a strong relationship between processing time and case outcomes, both directly and in connection with the mode of conviction. Yet, the role of time has largely been ignored in research on court actor decision making. The current study examines this important, although rarely empirically tested, dimension of the criminal justice process. By combining data from the Maryland State Commission on Criminal Sentencing Policy with information from court records, this study explores the effect of time to disposition on sentence severity and assess the impact that controlling for time to disposition has on mode of conviction effects. Findings support the importance of time to sentencing, demonstrating a significant, positive effect of time to disposition on sentence severity. Time to disposition, however, does not mediate the effects of mode of conviction, which raises important theoretical questions about the mechanisms driving trial penalties.
Charles Adams House, Lee Avenue
Creators: name: East Hampton Star
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: Photographs
Photos
Historic buildings
East Hampton
Structures
Dwellings
Dry plate negatives

description: This image shows the front of Charles Adams House located on Lee Avenue in East Hampton, which was produced from a glass plate negative. This image is courtesy of The East Hampton Star and this reproduction was collected sometime from 1970 to 1982 as part of the East Hampton’s Heritage Photo Collection.
description: Images within East Hampton Heritage Photo Collection seem to have been taken or collected in relation to the East Hampton Heritage project, but not all of them were included in the final publication. Several photographer are included in this collection.
Entry flow problem of a liquid body into a suction pipette
Creators: name: Yeung, Anthony Kwok-Cheung
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The mathematical problem of the pipette aspiration of a liquid sphere is studied in the low Reynolds number limit. Two distinct models are proposed for the deforming body. They are: 1) a liquid droplet of constant viscosity, and 2) a viscoelastic cortex encapsulating an inviscid interior. These models represent energy dissipation distributed in the interior and on the surface of the body, respectively. Because the in-flow rates vary differently with the pipette size for the two models, this is suggested as a means of experimentally identifying the dominant region of viscous dissipation, and thus provide insight into the internal structure of the test sample. For the droplet problem, the linear Stokes equations are solved in the interior of the deforming body. The solutions, for some specified stress boundary conditions on a sphere, can be expressed as infinite sums of Legendre polynomials. In solving the surface flow problem, the complexities of the equations necessitate approximate solutions by computational means. A numerical procedure is developed which compares well with analytical results when the latter is available.
THE CONCORDANCE OF INFLUENZA VACCINATION BEHAVIORS AMONG ADULTS AND CHILDREN RESIDING WITHIN THE SAME HOUSEHOLD IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, MARYLAND, AND VIRGINIA
Creators: name: Motley, Danielle Olon
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Public health
subject: adult
subject: child
subject: DMV
subject: influenza
subject: same- household
subject: vaccine

description: Background: The distinctive barking sound of whooping cough and rubella's birth defects highlight vaccinations' importance as a public health initiative and medical advancement of the twentieth century. However, little research examines concordance of influenza vaccination uptake between same-household adults and children. Methods: A secondary data analysis of CDC's 2009 National H1N1 Flu Survey (NHFS) examined concordance between adults' influenza vaccination behaviors and responses to NHFS questions representing HBM constructs with the influenza vaccination of same-household children from the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia (DMV). Results: Concordance existed between influenza vaccination statuses of adults and same-household children. HBM constructs of perceived susceptibility, severity, and the cue to action of physician vaccine recommendation were associated with more vaccinated children. Conclusions: This research highlights adults' influenza vaccination status impact on same-household DMV children. Future research is needed to examine parental influenza vaccination effects on influenza vaccination status of their biological children.
Shock Vorticity Generation from Accelerated Ion Streaming in the Precursor of Ultrarelativistic Gamma-Ray Burst External Shocks
Creators: name: Couch, Sean M.
name: Milosavljevic, Milos
name: Nakar, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interaction of nonthermal ions (protons and nuclei) accelerated in an ultrarelativistic blastwave with the pre-existing magnetic field of the medium into which the blastwave propagates. While particle acceleration processes such as diffusive shock acceleration can accelerate ions and electrons, the accelerated electrons suffer larger radiative losses. Under certain conditions, the ions can attain higher energies and reach farther ahead of the shock than the electrons, and so the nonthermal particles can be partially charge-separated. To compensate for the charge separation, the upstream plasma develops a return current, which, as it flows across the magnetic field, drives transverse acceleration of the upstream plasma and a growth of density contrast in the shock upstream. If the density contrast is strong by the time the fluid is shocked, vorticity is generated at the shock transition. The resulting turbulence can amplify the post-shock magnetic field to the levels inferred from gamma-ray burst afterglow spectra and light curves. Therefore, since the upstream inhomogeneities are induced by the ions accelerated in the shock, they are generic even if the blastwave propagates into a medium of uniform density. We speculate about the global structure of the shock precursor, and delineate several distinct physical regimes that are classified by an increasing distance from the shock and, correspondingly, a decreasing density of nonthermal particles that reach that distance.
description: 8 pages, no figures
Entanglement production with Bose atoms in optical lattices
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Yukalova, E. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method of entanglement production is suggested, based on the resonant generation of topological modes in systems with Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in optical or magnetic lattices. The method makes it possible to regulate the strength of entanglement production as well as to govern its time variation. This method can serve as a practical tool for quantum information processing and quantum computing.
description: Latex file, 14 pages
Comparing the dynamics of COVID-19 infection and mortality in the United States, India, and Brazil
Creators: name: James, Nick
name: Menzies, Max
name: Bondell, Howard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper compares and contrasts the spread and impact of COVID-19 in the three countries most heavily impacted by the pandemic: the United States (US), India and Brazil. All three of these countries have a federal structure, in which the individual states have largely determined the response to the pandemic. Thus, we perform an extensive analysis of the individual states of these three countries to determine patterns of similarity within each. First, we analyse structural similarity and anomalies in the trajectories of cases and deaths as multivariate time series. Next, we study the lengths of the different waves of the virus outbreaks across the three countries and their states. Finally, we investigate suitable time offsets between cases and deaths as a function of the distinct outbreak waves. In all these analyses, we consistently reveal more characteristically distinct behaviour between US and Indian states, while Brazilian states exhibit less structure in their wave behaviour and changing progression between cases and deaths.
description: Final version. Numerous edits since v2. Equal contribution from first two authors
The Dynamical Dipole Mode in Fusion Reactions with Exotic Nuclear Beams
Creators: name: Baran, V.
name: Rizzo, C.
name: Colonna, M.
name: Di Toro, M.
name: Pierroutsakou, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the properties of the prompt dipole radiation, produced via a collective bremsstrahlung mechanism, in fusion reactions with exotic beams. We show that the gamma yield is sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy below/around saturation. Moreover we find that the angular distribution of the emitted photons from such fast collective mode can represent a sensitive probe of its excitation mechanism and of fusion dynamics in the entrance channel.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys.Rev.C
Professionelle Handlungskompetenz im Lehr-Lern-Labor
Creators: name: Dahmen, Sabrina
name: Preisfeld, Angelika
name: Damerau, Karsten
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2021

description: Der Transfer des Ausbildungswissens in die Unterrichtspraxis ist die Grundlage für professionelles unterrichtliches Handeln. Dieser stellt eine Herausforderung für angehende Lehrkräfte dar. Lehr-Lern-Laboren (LLL) wird das Potenzial zugeschrieben, professionelle Handlungskompetenzen anzubahnen. Es finden sich aber bisher nur wenige empirische Untersuchungen zur professionellen Handlungskompetenz im LLL. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die professionelle Handlungskompetenz von Studierenden des Faches Biologie in Bezug auf Experimentiersituationen mit Schüler*innen im LLL untersucht. Zur Erhebung wurde ein vignettenbasiertes Testinstrument eingesetzt, und die erhobenen Daten wurden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Dabei wurden authentische Videovignetten aus dem LLL, die von den beteiligten Studierenden schriftlich analysiert wurden, als kontextsensitiver Impuls zur Datengewinnung genutzt. Diese Analysen wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet, und es wurde ein Indikatorensystem zur Beurteilung der Kompetenzfacetten des zugrunde liegenden Modells zum professionellen Wahrnehmen und Handeln im Experimentalunterricht entwickelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei den untersuchten Studierenden im Master of Education insbesondere in Bezug auf Wahrnehmung und Prognose von Lernprozessen beim Experimentieren sowie in Bezug auf die kontextualisierte Bewertung von Experimentierprozessen im LLL anhand (fach-)didaktischer Konzepte weiterer Professionalisierungsbedarf besteht.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Bd. 3 Nr. 1 (2021): PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung – Ausgabe 3
Gamma-ray probe of cosmic-ray pressure in galaxy clusters and cosmological implications
Creators: name: Ando, Shin'ichiro
name: Nagai, Daisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays produced in cluster accretion and merger shocks provide pressure to the intracluster medium (ICM) and affect the mass estimates of galaxy clusters. Although direct evidence for cosmic-ray ions in the ICM is still lacking, they produce gamma-ray emission through the decay of neutral pions produced in their collisions with ICM nucleons. We investigate the capability of the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) and imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes (IACTs) for constraining the cosmic-ray pressure contribution to the ICM. We show that GLAST can be used to place stringent upper limits, a few per cent for individual nearby rich clusters, on the ratio of pressures of the cosmic rays and thermal gas. We further show that it is possible to place tight (
description: 12 pages, 5 figures; extended discussions; accepted by MNRAS
Cosmological HII Bubble Growth During Reionization
Creators: name: Shin, Min-Su
name: Trac, Hy
name: Cen, Renyue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present general properties of ionized hydrogen (HII) bubbles and their growth based on a state-of-the-art large-scale (100 Mpc/h) cosmological radiative transfer simulation. The simulation resolves all halos with atomic cooling at the relevant redshifts and simultaneously performs radiative transfer and dynamical evolution of structure formation. Our major conclusions include: (1) for significant HII bubbles, the number distribution is peaked at a volume of $\sim 0.6 {\rm Mpc^{3}/h^{3}}$ at all redshifts. But, at $z\le 10$, one large, connected network of bubbles dominates the entire HII volume. (2) HII bubbles are highly non-spherical. (3) The HII regions are highly biased with respect to the underlying matter distribution with the bias decreasing with time. (4) The non-gaussianity of the HII region is small when the universe becomes 50% ionized. The non-gaussianity reaches its maximal near the end of the reionization epoch $z\sim 6$. But at all redshifts of interest there is a significant non-gaussianity in the HII field. (5) Population III galaxies may play a significant role in the reionization process. Small bubbles are initially largely produced by Pop III stars. At $z\ge 10$ even the largest HII bubbles have a balanced ionizing photon contribution from Pop II and Pop III stars, while at $z\le 8$ Pop II stars start to dominate the overall ionizing photon production for large bubbles, although Pop III stars continue to make a non-negligible contribution. (6) The relationship between halo number density and bubble size is complicated but a strong correlation is found between halo number density and bubble size for large bubbles.
description: 10 pages, 14 figures; accepted version; higher resolution figures and supplementary material can be found at http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~msshin/reionization/web.htm
Got Milk? Biome 2021 Lightning Talk
Creators: name: Malcolm, Glenna
name: McCarthy, Lauren
name: Smith, Jim
name: Vasey, Adrianne
name: Woodward, Denise
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2021

description: The Got Milk? working group plans to use lactase persistence evolution as a case study to teach genetics in large introductory biology courses. While developing these resources, we will be mindful of how we will approach teaching and learning to avoid racial bias. Our mission is to improve our approach to teaching genetics in large introductory biology courses in order to avoid unintentionally reinforcing racial bias.
The "emerging" reality from "hidden" spaces
Creators: name: Pincak, R.
name: Pigazzini, A.
name: Jafari, S.
name: Ozel, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main purpose of this paper is to show and introduce some new interpretative aspects of the concept of "emergent space" as geometric/topological approach in the cosmological field. We will present some possible applications of this theory, among which the possibility of considering a non-orientable wormhole. Finally, in Subsection 2.3, we give a topological interpretation, using this new approach, to M-Theory and String Theory in $10$ dimensions. Further we present some conclusions which this new interpretation suggests, and also some remarks considering a unifying approach between strings and dark matter. The approach shown in the paper considers that reality, as it appears to us, can be the "emerging" part of a more complex hidden structure.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures