Effects of biodiesel made from swine and chicken fat residues on carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxide emissions
Creators: name: Feddern, Vivian
name: Anildo Cunha Junior
name: Prá, Marina C. De
name: Silva, Marcio L. Busi Da
name: Nicoloso, Rodrigo Da S.
name: Higarashi, Martha M.
name: Arlei Coldebella
name: Abreu, Paulo G. De
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The effects of two alternative sources of animal fat-derived biodiesel feedstock on CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, NO<sub>x</sub> tailpipe emissions as well as fuel consumption were investigated. Biodiesel blends were produced from chicken and swine fat waste (FW-1) or floating fat (FW-2) collected from slaughterhouse wastewater treatment processes. Tests were conducted in an unmodified stationary diesel engine operating under idling conditions in attempt to simulate slow traffic in urban areas. Significant reductions in CO (up to 47% for B100; FW-2) and NO<sub>x</sub> (up to 20% for B5; FW-2 or B100; FW-1) were attained when using biodiesel fuels at the expense of 5% increase in fuel consumption. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to elucidate possible associations among gas (CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and NO<sub>x</sub>) emissions, cetane number and iodine index with different sources of feedstock typically employed in the biodiesel industry. NO<sub>x</sub>, cetane number and iodine index were inversely proportional to CO<sub>2</sub> and biodiesel concentration. High NO<sub>x</sub> emissions were reported from high iodine index biodiesel derived especially from forestry, fishery and some agriculture feedstocks, while the biodiesel derived from animal sources consistently presented lower iodine index mitigating NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. The obtained results point out the applicability of biodiesel fuels derived from fat-rich residues originated from animal production on mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. The information may encourage practitioners from biodiesel industry whilst contributing towards development of sustainable animal production. <i>Implications</i>: Emissions from motor vehicles can contribute considerably to the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The use of biodiesel to replace or augment diesel can not only decrease our dependency on fossil fuels but also help decrease air pollution. Thus, different sources of feedstocks are constantly being explored for affordable biodiesel production. However, the amount of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), and/or nitrogen oxide (NO<sub>x</sub>) emissions can vary largely depending on type of feedstock used to produce biodiesel. In this work, the authors demonstrated animal fat feasibility in replacing petrodiesel with less impact regarding greenhouse gas emissions than other sources.