cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A New (G'/G)-Expansion Method and Its Application to the Burgers Equation
Creators: name: Md. Nur ALAM, M. Ali AKBAR
Publisher: name: Walailak University
Year: 2014
Subjects: (G'/G)-expansion method, The Burgers equation, Nonlinear differential equation, Homogeneous balance, Traveling wave solutions, Solitary wave solutions

description: 8, 11, Walailak Journal of Science and Technology
Spin Fluctuations, Interband Coupling, and Unconventional Pairing in Iron-based Superconductors
Creators: name: Yao, Zi-Jian
name: Li, Jian-Xin
name: Wang, Z. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on an effective two-band model and using the fluctuation-exchange (FLEX) approach, we explore spin fluctuations and unconventional superconducting pairing in Fe-based layer superconductors. It is elaborated that one type of interband antiferromagnetic (AF) spin fluctuation stems from the interband Coulomb repulsion, while the other type of intraband AF spin fluctuation originates from the intraband Coulomb repulsion. Due to the Fermi-surface topology, a spin-singlet extended s-wave superconducting state is more favorable than the nodal $d_{XY}$-wave state if the interband AF spin fluctuation is more significant than the intraband one, otherwise vice versa. It is also revealed that the effective interband coupling plays an important role in the intraband pairings, which is a distinct feature of the present two-band system.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in New Journal of Physics focus issue on iron-based superconductors
A quantum-enhanced wide-field phase imager
Creators: name: Camphausen, Robin
name: Cuevas, Álvaro
name: Duempelmann, Luc
name: Terborg, Roland A.
name: Wajs, Ewelina
name: Tisa, Simone
name: Ruggeri, Alessandro
name: Cusini, Iris
name: Steinlechner, Fabian
name: Pruneri, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum techniques can be used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in optical imaging. Leveraging the latest advances in single photon avalanche diode array cameras and multi-photon detection techniques, here we introduce a super-sensitive phase imager, which uses space-polarization hyper-entanglement to operate over a large field-of-view without the need of scanning operation. We show quantum-enhanced imaging of birefringent and non-birefringent phase samples over large areas, with sensitivity improvements over equivalent classical measurements carried out with equal number of photons. The practical applicability is demonstrated by imaging a biomedical protein microarray sample. Our quantum-enhanced phase imaging technology is inherently scalable to high resolution images, and represents an essential step towards practical quantum imaging.
Upgrading wood gas using bentonite clay: a multiscale modeling and simulation study
Creators: name: Lasich, Matthew
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90403 Chemical Engineering Design
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Wood gas is the producer gas resulting from gasification of wood biomass and is an important renewable fuel gas in rural areas. This study assessed the capacity of bentonite, a widely used clay mineral, to upgrade wood gas via pressure swing adsorption in order to improve its calorific value (i.e., the amount of energy released per kilogram of gas). Grand canonical Monte Carlo molecular simulations using a self-consistent force field were performed to generate adsorption isotherms for wood gas components-methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen-in montmorillonite (the main crystalline constituent of bentonite) at conditions appropriate to downdraft gasification. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was successfully fitted to each component's adsorption isotherm and was then coupled with a batch equilibrium approach to model a single-stage pressure swing adsorption system with a discharge stream at ambient pressure. A response surface was then computed in terms of the net change in the calorific value as a function of both adsorbent quantity and operating pressure. It was found that the system can improve the calorific value of the gas by over five percent.
Mass-Zero constrained dynamics and statistics for the shell model in magnetic field
Creators: name: Girardier, David D.
name: Coretti, Alessandro
name: Ciccotti, Giovanni
name: Bonella, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In several domains of physics, including first principle simulations and classical models for polarizable systems, the minimization of an energy function with respect to a set of auxiliary variables must be performed to define the dynamics of physical degrees of freedom. In this paper, we discuss a recent algorithm proposed to efficiently and rigorously simulate this type of systems: the Mass-Zero (MaZe) Constrained Dynamics. In MaZe the minimum condition is imposed as a constraint on the auxiliary variables treated as degrees of freedom of zero inertia driven by the physical system. The method is formulated in the Lagrangian framework, enabling the properties of the approach to emerge naturally from a fully consistent dynamical and statistical viewpoint. We begin by presenting MaZe for typical minimization problems where the imposed constraints are holonomic and summarizing its key formal properties, notably the exact Born-Oppenheimer dynamics followed by the physical variables and the exact sampling of the corresponding physical probability density. We then generalize the approach to the case of conditions on the auxiliary variables that linearly involve their velocities. Such conditions occur, for example, when describing systems in external magnetic field and they require to adapt MaZe to integrate semiholonomic constraints. The new development is presented in the second part of this paper and illustrated via a proof-of-principle calculation of the charge transport properties of a simple classical polarizable model of NaCl.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
Galactic Twins of the Ring Nebula Around SN1987A and a Possible LBV-like Phase for Sk-69 202
Creators: name: Smith, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some core-collapse supernovae show clear signs of interaction with dense circumstellar material that often appears to be non-spherical. Circumstellar nebulae around supernova progenitors provide clues to the origin of that asymmetry in immediate pre-supernova evolution. Here I discuss outstanding questions about the formation of the ring nebula around SN1987A and some implications of similar ring nebulae around Galactic B supergiants. Several clues hint that SN1987A's nebula may have been ejected in an LBV-like event, rather than through interacting winds in a transition from a red supergiant to a blue supergiant.
description: 2 pages, to appear in procedings of "Massive stars: fundamental parameters and circumstellar interactions", conference in honor of Virpi Niemela's 70th birthday
Sulochrins and alkaloids from a fennel endophyte Aspergillus sp. FVL2
Creators: name: Shaaban, Mohamed
name: Abdel-Razek, Ahmed S.
name: Previtali, Viola
name: Clausen, Mads Hartvig
name: Gotfredsen, Charlotte H.
name: Laatsch, Hartmut
name: Ding, Ling
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The fungal endophyte Aspergillus sp. strain FVL2, isolated from the traditional medicinal fennel plant, Foeniculum vulgare, was investigated for secondary metabolites. Fermentation on rice medium followed by chromatographic separation delivered three new natural products, 7-demethyl-neosulochrin (1), fumigaclavine I (3) and N-benzoyl-tryptophan (6) together with further 14 known metabolites, 1-O-methyl-sulochrin-4'-sulfate, questin, laccaic acid, isorhodoptilometrin, fumigaclavine A, fumigaclavine C, fumitremorgin C, fumigaquinazoline C, tryptoquivaline J, trypacidin, 3'-O-demethyl-sulochrin, 1-O-methyl-sulochrin, protocatechuic acid, and vermelone. The chemical structures of the new metabolites were determined by NMR spectroscopy and ESI HR mass spectrometry. For fumigaclavine I, we observed the partial deuterium transfer from the solvent to the enol form with a remarkable high stereo selectivity. The discovery of the new seco-anthraquinone 7-demethyl-neosulochrin (1) revealed a second type of ring cleavage by a questin oxygenase. The discovery of diverse secondary metabolites broadens the chemical space of Aspergillus.
title: Individual-, Kollektiv- und Noxalhaftung in der altanatolischen Rechtsüberlieferung des 2. und 1. Jts. v. Chr.
Creators: name: Christiansen, Birgit
Publisher: name: Harrassowitz
Year: 2018

description: Die Untersuchung ist den verschiedenen Haftungsformen im altanatolischen Recht des 2. und 1. Jts. gewidmet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den hethitischen Quellen aus dem 2. Jt. v. Chr., weil diese inhaltlich am vielfältigsten und aussagekräftigsten sind. Vergleichend werden jedoch auch hieroglyphenluwische und lykische Inschriften aus dem 1. Jt. v. Chr. einbezogen.  
In der Studie wird die bisherige Forschungsmeinung widerlegt, wonach die Kollektivhaftung in älterer Zeit weit verbreitet war, im Laufe der Zeit jedoch immer stärker von der Individualhaftung verdrängt wurde, ohne jedoch gänzlich von letzterer abgelöst zu werden. Ausgehend von dieser These wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Haftungsformen im hethitischen Recht für welche Formen von Vergehen bezeugt sind.
Dabei wird gezeigt, dass für die Mehrzahl der Fälle im hethitischen Strafrecht das Prinzip gilt, dass der Täter allein für seine Tat zur Verantwortung gezogen und bestraft wird. Bei besonders schwerwiegenden Delikten sind jedoch manchmal neben dem Täter auch andere Menschen unmittelbar von der Strafe betroffen.
The role of frustration in collective decision-making dynamical processes on multiagent signed networks
Creators: name: Fontan, Angela
name: Altafini, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider a collective decision-making process in a network of agents described by a nonlinear interconnected dynamical model with sigmoidal nonlinearities and signed interaction graph. The decisions are encoded in the equilibria of the system. The aim is to investigate this multiagent system when the signed graph representing the community is not structurally balanced and in particular as we vary its frustration, i.e., its distance to structural balance. The model exhibits bifurcations, and a ``social effort'' parameter, added to the model to represent the strength of the interactions between the agents, plays the role of bifurcation parameter in our analysis. We show that, as the social effort increases, the decision-making dynamics exhibits a pitchfork bifurcation behavior where, from a deadlock situation of ``no decision'' (i.e., the origin is the only globally stable equilibrium point), two possible (alternative) decision states for the community are achieved (corresponding to two nonzero locally stable equilibria). The value of social effort for which the bifurcation is crossed (and a decision is reached) increases with the frustration of the signed network.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
The Observable Supernova Rate in Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing Systems with the TESS Satellite
Creators: name: Holwerda, B. W.
name: Knabel, S.
name: Steele, R. C.
name: Strolger, L.
name: Kielkopf, J.
name: Jacques, A.
name: Roemer, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is the latest observational effort to find exoplanets and map bright transient optical phenomena. Supernovae (SN) are particularly interesting as cosmological standard candles for cosmological distance measures. The limiting magnitude of TESS strongly constrains supernova detection to the very nearby Universe ($m \sim$ 19, $z<0.05$). We explore the possibility that more distant supernovae that are gravitationally lensed and magnified by a foreground galaxy can be detected by TESS, an opportunity to measure the time delay between light paths and constrain the Hubble constant independently. We estimate the rate of occurrence of such systems, assuming reasonable distributions of magnification, host dust attenuation and redshift. There are approximately 16 type Ia and 43 core-collapse SN (SNcc) expected to be observable with TESS each year, which translates to 18% and 43% chance of detection per year, respectively. Monitoring the largest collections of known strong galaxy-galaxy lenses from Petrillo et al., this translates into 0.6% and 1.3% chances of a SNIa and SNcc per year. The TESS all-sky detection rates are lower than those of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and Vera Rubin Observatory. However, on the ecliptic poles, TESS performs almost as well as its all-sky search thanks to its continuous coverage: 2 and 4% chance of an observed SN (Ia or cc) each year. These rates argue for timely processing of full-frame TESS imaging to facilitate follow-up and should motivate further searches for low-redshift lensing system.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRAS
title: Bumpy Road of Ukraine Towards the EU Membership in Time of War: “Accession Through War” v “Gradual Integration”
Creators: name: Petrov, Roman
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: EU accession
subject: candidate country
subject: Ukraine
subject: accession through war
subject: gradual integration
subject: Peace Deal for Ukraine

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(3), 1057-1065
description: European Forum Insight of 27 December 2023
description: I. Introduction - II. The Impact of the War on the Accession Process of Ukraine - III. Peace Deal as a decisive factor for Ukraine’s Accession to the EU - IV. Impact of Ukraine’s future membership on the EU and its policies - V. Concluding remarks.
description: The candidate country status for Ukraine was justified and widely supported by the EU institutions and EU Member States because of Russia’s brutal invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. However, Ukraine’s accession to the EU is not going to be an easy ride. It is the first case in history of EU integration when a candidate country that fights for its sovereignty and existence is endeavoring to meet strict conditions of the EU membership. This situation brings to both the EU and Ukraine difficult choices and challenges. For Ukraine it is essential to secure a just and lasting peace deal with Russia, to end the hostilities and to be able to complete the meticulous EU accession process. For the EU it is urgent to adjust its institutional, legal, political and economic systems to absorb a new wave of enlargement that may bring 10 new Member States on board. This Insight advocates that Ukraine’s accession to the EU will not be conventional but an experimental exercise that embraces new accession tracks like “accession through war” and “gradual integration”.
Time-Resolved Cathodoluminescence in an Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscope
Creators: name: Meuret, S.
name: Tizei, L. H. G.
name: Houdellier, F.
name: Weber, S.
name: Auad, Y.
name: Tencé, M.
name: Chang, H. -C.
name: Kociak, M.
name: Arbouet, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-fast transmission electron microscopy (UTEM) combines sub-picosecond time-resolution with the versatility of TEM spectroscopies. It allows one to study the dynamics of materials properties combining complementary techniques. However, until now, time-resolved cathodoluminescence, which is expected to give access to the optical properties dynamics, was still unavailable in a UTEM. In this paper, we report time-resolved cathodoluminescence measurements in an ultrafast transmission electron microscope. We measured lifetime maps, with a 12 nm spatial resolution and sub-nanoseconds resolution, of nano-diamonds with a high density of NV center. This study paves the way to new applications of UTEM and to correlative studies of optically active nanostructures.
description: Supplementary information at the end of the article
Course: GIBBON (The Geometry and Image-Based Bioengineering add-On)
Creators: name: Moerman, Kevin Mattheus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: GIBBON
open source
biomechanics

description: The slides for the GIBBON lecture presented at the IEEE Boston chapter course on "Open Source Tools for Computational Biomechanics". http://ieeeboston.org/open-source-tools-computational-biomechanics/. www.gibboncode.org
Reservoirs, Fick law and the Darken effect
Creators: name: De Masi, Anna
name: Merola, Immacolata
name: Presutti, Errico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82C05

description: We study the stationary measures of Ginzburg-Landau (GL) stochastic processes which describe the magnetization flux induced by the interaction with reservoirs. To privilege simplicity to generality we restrict to quadratic Hamiltonians where almost explicit formulas can be derived. We discuss the case where reservoirs are represented by boundary generators (mathematical reservoirs) and compare with more physical reservoirs made by large-infinite systems. We prove the validity of the Fick law away from the boundaries. %and the existence of boundary layers for the mathematical reservoirs. We also obtain in the context of the GL models a mathematical proof of the Darken effect which shows uphill diffusion of carbon in specimen partly doped with the addition of Si.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Agricultural Productivity: Expanding the Limits
Creators: name: Lu, Yao-Chi
name: Quance, Leroy
name: Lu, Yao-Chi
name: Quance, Leroy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Productivity
subject: technology
subject: research and extension
subject: simulation
subject: projection

description: The growth rate for U.S. agricultural productivity through the year 2000 may equal the historical rate if research and extension (R & E) investment increases and unprecedented technologies develop. The level of public expenditures in agricultural R & E is the single most important policy variable in determining growth rates. The most promising new technologies are photosynthesis enhancement (formation of plant carbohydrates through exposure to light), bioregulators (compounds which promote ripening or prolong shelf life) in crop production, and twinning in beef cattle production.
Moving boundary approximation for curved streamer ionization fronts: Solvability analysis
Creators: name: Brau, Fabian
name: Davidovitch, Benny
name: Ebert, Ute
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimal density model for negative streamer ionization fronts is investigated. An earlier moving boundary approximation for this model consisted of a "kinetic undercooling" type boundary condition in a Laplacian growth problem of Hele-Shaw type. Here we derive a curvature correction to the moving boundary approximation that resembles surface tension. The calculation is based on solvability analysis with unconventional features, namely, there are three relevant zero modes of the adjoint operator, one of them diverging; furthermore, the inner/outer matching ahead of the front has to be performed on a line rather than on an extended region; and the whole calculation can be performed analytically. The analysis reveals a relation between the fields ahead and behind a slowly evolving curved front, the curvature and the generated conductivity. This relation forces us to give up the ideal conductivity approximation, and we suggest to replace it by a constant conductivity approximation. This implies that the electric potential in the streamer interior is no longer constant but solves a Laplace equation; this leads to a Muskat-type problem.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Ansprüche potenzieller Nutzer an ein Hochwasser-Frühwarnsystem für Sachsen
Creators: name: Philipp, Andy
Publisher: name: Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Koblenz
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Water resources research

description: Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung / BfG – Jahrgang: 59.2015,1 - ISSN 1439-1783
Effects of decoherence and errors on Bell-inequality violation
Creators: name: Kofman, Abraham G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study optimal conditions for violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt form of the Bell inequality in the presence of decoherence and measurement errors. We obtain all detector configurations providing the maximal Bell inequality violation for a general (pure or mixed) state. We consider local decoherence which includes energy relaxation at the zero temperature and arbitrary dephasing. Conditions for the maximal Bell-inequality violation in the presence of decoherence are analyzed both analytically and numerically for the general case and for a number of important special cases. Combined effects of measurement errors and decoherence are also discussed.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Sufficiently dense Kuramoto networks are globally synchronizing
Creators: name: Kassabov, Martin
name: Strogatz, Steven H.
name: Townsend, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider any network of $n$ identical Kuramoto oscillators in which each oscillator is coupled bidirectionally with unit strength to at least $μ(n-1)$ other oscillators. There is a critical value of the connectivity, $μ_c$, such that whenever $μ>μ_c$, the system is guaranteed to converge to the all-in-phase synchronous state for almost all initial conditions, but when $μ 0.6838$. In this paper, we prove that $μ_c\leq 0.75$ and explain why this is the best upper bound that one can obtain by a purely linear stability analysis.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Supplementary document for Broadband achromatic and wide field-of-view single-layer metalenses in the mid-infrared - 6641886.pdf
Creators: name: Xu, Fan
name: Chen, Wenjie
name: Li, Ming
name: Liu, Peng
name: Chen, Yuhang
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Slaughter-Cattle Pricing and Procurement Practices of Meatpackers
Creators: name: Ward, Clement E.
name: Ward, Clement E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Cattle
subject: Beef
subject: Meatpacking
subject: Procurement
subject: Market information
subject: Pricing
subject: Price discovery
subject: Market conduct

description: Cattle pricing is part of the overall procurement process packers use to obtain the types of cattle that will produce beef to satisfy customers. Meatpackers gather information from published price reports, internal operations, customers, other packers, and many other sources. The head buyer then sets an overall buy order from which field buyers negotiate with individual producers, taking account of cattle characteristics, ability of seller to negotiate, competition from other packers, transportation, and other factors.
Size-effect at finite temperature in a quark-antiquark effective model in phase space
Creators: name: Petronilo, G. X. A.
name: Amorim, R. G. G.
name: Ulhoa, S. C.
name: Santos, A. F.
name: Santana, A. E.
name: Khanna, Faqir C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quark-antiquark effective model is studied in a toroidal topology at finite temperature. The model is described by a Schrödinger equation with linear potential which is embedded in a torus. The following aspects are analysed: (i) the nonclassicality structure using the Wigner function formalism; (ii) finite temperature and size-effects are studied by a generalization of Thermofield Dynamics written in phase space; (iii) in order to include the spin of the quark, Pauli-like Schrödinger equation is used; (iv) analysis of the size-effect is considered to observe the fluctuation in the ground state. The size effect goes to zero at zero, finite and high temperatures. The results emphasize that the spin is a central aspect for this quark-antiquark effective model.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in IJMPA
Discovery of Hot Gas in Outflow in NGC3379
Creators: name: Trinchieri, G.
name: Pellegrini, S.
name: Fabbiano, G.
name: Fu, R.
name: Brassington, N. J.
name: Zezas, A.
name: Kim, D. -W.
name: Gallagher, J.
name: Angelini, L.
name: Davies, R. L.
name: Kalogera, V.
name: King, A. R.
name: Zepf, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a faint (L_x ~ 4 10^37 erg/s, 0.5-2 keV), out-flowing gaseous hot interstellar medium (ISM) in NGC 3379. This represents the lowest X-ray luminosity ever measured from a hot phase of the ISM in a nearby early type galaxy. The discovery of the hot ISM in a very deep Chandra observation was possible thanks to its unique spectral and spatial signatures, which distinguish it from the integrated stellar X-ray emission, responsible for most of the unresolved emission in the Chandra data. This hot component is found in a region of about 800 pc in radius at the center of the galaxy and has a total mass M~ 3 10^5 solar masses. Independent theoretical prediction of the characteristics of an ISM in this galaxy, based on the intrinsic properti es of NGC 3379, reproduce well the observed luminosity, temperature, and radial distribution and mass of the hot gas, and indicate that the gas is in an outflowing phase, predicted by models but not observed in any system so far.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Quantum effects in classical systems having complex energy
Creators: name: Bender, Carl M.
name: Brody, Dorje C.
name: Hook, Daniel W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of extensive numerical studies it is argued that there are strong analogies between the probabilistic behavior of quantum systems defined by Hermitian Hamiltonians and the deterministic behavior of classical mechanical systems extended into the complex domain. Three models are examined: the quartic double-well potential $V(x)=x^4-5x^2$, the cubic potential $V(x)=frac{1}{2}x^2-gx^3$, and the periodic potential $V(x)=-\cos x$. For the quartic potential a wave packet that is initially localized in one side of the double-well can tunnel to the other side. Complex solutions to the classical equations of motion exhibit a remarkably analogous behavior. Furthermore, classical solutions come in two varieties, which resemble the even-parity and odd-parity quantum-mechanical bound states. For the cubic potential, a quantum wave packet that is initially in the quadratic portion of the potential near the origin will tunnel through the barrier and give rise to a probability current that flows out to infinity. The complex solutions to the corresponding classical equations of motion exhibit strongly analogous behavior. For the periodic potential a quantum particle whose energy lies between -1 and 1 can tunnel repeatedly between adjacent classically allowed regions and thus execute a localized random walk as it hops from region to region. Furthermore, if the energy of the quantum particle lies in a conduction band, then the particle delocalizes and drifts freely through the periodic potential. A classical particle having complex energy executes a qualitatively analogous local random walk, and there exists a narrow energy band for which the classical particle becomes delocalized and moves freely through the potential.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures
Diacritics Restoration using BERT with Analysis on Czech language
Creators: name: Náplava, Jakub
name: Straka, Milan
name: Straková, Jana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new architecture for diacritics restoration based on contextualized embeddings, namely BERT, and we evaluate it on 12 languages with diacritics. Furthermore, we conduct a detailed error analysis on Czech, a morphologically rich language with a high level of diacritization. Notably, we manually annotate all mispredictions, showing that roughly 44% of them are actually not errors, but either plausible variants (19%), or the system corrections of erroneous data (25%). Finally, we categorize the real errors in detail. We release the code at https://github.com/ufal/bert-diacritics-restoration.
U.S. Farm Accident Fatalities, 1970-76
Creators: name: Fritsch, Conrad F.
name: Zimmer, John M
name: Fritsch, Conrad F.
name: Zimmer, John M
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Farm accident fatalities
subject: Farm population
subject: Nonfarm residents
subject: Farmworkers
subject: Fatality rates

description: Farm accidents caused 1,438 deaths in 1976 (14.5 victims per 100,000 exposed persons), 20 percent below 1970 and the lowest rate since 1962. Persons 35 to 44 years old had the fewest farm accident fatalities, while those 55 and older had the most. Farm-machinery accidents, crushing accidents, and accidental blows accounted for nearly two-thirds of all deaths and were responsible for most of the year-to-year variations. Improved safety features on farm machinery and educational efforts by manufacturers may have contributed to the decline in farm fatalities
Entangled Two-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy with Varying Pump Wavelength
Creators: name: Mertenskötter, Lutz
name: Busch, Kurt
name: León-Montiel, Roberto de J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In virtual-state spectroscopy, information about the energy-level structure of an arbitrary sample is retrieved by Fourier transforming sets of measured two-photon absorption probabilities of entangled photon pairs where the degree of entanglement and the delay time between the photons have been varied. This works well for simple systems but quickly becomes rather difficult when many intermediate states are involved. We propose and discuss an extension of entangled two-photon absorption spectroscopy that solves this problem by means of repeated measurements at different pump wavelengths. Specifically, we demonstrate that our extension works well for a variety of realistic experimental setups.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, currently in peer review in JOSA B
Molecular Recognition Effects in the Surface Diffusion of Large Organic Molecules: The Case of Violet Lander
Creators: name: Sato, F.
name: Legoas, S. B.
name: Otero, R.
name: Hummelink, F.
name: Thostrup, P.
name: Laegsgaard, E.
name: Stensgaard, I.
name: Besenbacher, F.
name: Galvao, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Violet Lander (VL) (C108H104) is a large organic molecule that when deposited on Cu (110) exhibited lock-and-key like behavior (Otero et al., Nature Mater. 3, 779 (2004)). In this work we report on a detailed fully atomistic molecular dynamics study of this phenomenon. Our results show that it has its physical basis in the interplay of the molecular hydrogens and the Cu(110) atomic spacing, which is a direct consequence of an accidental commensurability between molecule and surface dimensions. This knowledge could be used to engineer new molecules capable of displaying lock-and-key behavior with new potential applications in nanotechology.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures. This is an expanded version of our previous work published in Nature Materials v3, page 779, 2004
Bound state formation and nature of the excitonic insulator phase in the extended Falicov-Kimball model
Creators: name: Ihle, D.
name: Pfafferott, M.
name: Burovski, E.
name: Bronold, F. X.
name: Fehske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the possibility of pressure-induced exciton condensation in intermediate-valence Tm[Se,Te] compounds we study the Falicov-Kimball model extended by a finite f-hole valence bandwidth. Calculating the Frenkel-type exciton propagator we obtain excitonic bound states above a characteristic value of the local interband Coulomb attraction. Depending on the system parameters coherence between c- and f-states may be established at low temperatures, leading to an excitonic insulator phase. We find strong evidence that the excitonic insulator typifies either a BCS condensate of electron-hole pairs (weak-coupling regime) or a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of preformed excitons (strong-coupling regime), which points towards a BCS-BEC transition scenario as Coulomb correlations increase.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, completely revised version
Search for $Q \sim 0$ order near a forbidden Bragg position in Bi$_{2.1}$Sr$_{1.9}$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+x}$ with resonant soft x-ray scattering
Creators: name: Guo, Xuefei
name: Lee, Sangjun
name: Johnson, Thomas A.
name: Chen, Jin
name: Vandeventer, Paul
name: Husain, Ali A.
name: Rodolakis, Fanny
name: McChesney, Jessica L.
name: Shafer, Padraic
name: Huang, Hai
name: Lee, Jun-Sik
name: Schneeloch, John
name: Zhong, Ruidan
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Mitrano, Matteo
name: Abbamonte, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying what broken symmetries are present in the cuprates has become a major area of research. Many authors have reported evidence for so-called "$Q \sim 0$" order that involves broken inversion, mirror, chiral, or time-reversal symmetry that is uniform in space. Not all these observations are well understood and new experimental probes are needed. Here we use resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS) to search for $Q \sim 0$ order in Bi$_{2.1}$Sr$_{1.9}$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+x}$ (Bi-2212) by measuring the region of a forbidden Bragg peak, $(0,0,3)$, which is normally extinguished by symmetry but may become allowed on resonance if valence band order is present. Using circularly polarized light, we found that this reflection becomes allowed on the Cu $L_3$ resonance for temperatures $T_c < T < T^\ast$, though remains absent in linear polarization and at other temperatures. This observation suggests the existence of spatially uniform valence band order near the pseudogap temperature. In addition, we observed periodic oscillations in the specular reflectivity from the sample surface that resemble thin film interference fringes, though no known film is present. These fringes are highly resonant, appear in all polarizations, and exhibit a period that depends on the location where the beam strikes the sample surface. We speculate that these fringes arise from interaction between some intrinsic valence band instability and extrinsic structural surface morphologies of the material. Our study supports the existence of some kind of $Q \sim 0$ broken symmetry state in Bi-2212 at intermediate temperatures, and calls for further study using a microfocused beam that could disentangle microscopic effects from macroscopic heterogeneities.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
High-temperature expansion of the magnetic susceptibility and higher moments of the correlation function for the two-dimensional XY model
Creators: name: Arisue, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the high-temperature series of the magnetic susceptibility and the second and fourth moments of the correlation function for the XY model on the square lattice to order $β^{33}$ by applying the improved algorithm of the finite lattice method. The long series allow us to estimate the inverse critical temperature as $β_c=1.1200(1)$, which is consistent with the most precise value given previously by the Monte Carlo simulation. The critical exponent for the multiplicative logarithmic correction is evaluated to be $θ=0.054(10)$, which is consistent with the renormalization group prediction of $θ={1/16}$.
description: 13 pages, 8 Postscript figures
Rounding by disorder of first-order quantum phase transitions: emergence of quantum critical points
Creators: name: Goswami, Pallab
name: Schwab, David
name: Chakravarty, Sudip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a heuristic argument for disorder rounding of a first order quantum phase transition into a continuous phase transition. From both weak and strong disorder analysis of the the N-color quantum Ashkin-Teller model in one spatial dimension, we find that for $N \geq 3$, the first order transition is rounded to a continuous transition and the physical picture is the same as the random transverse field Ising model for a limited parameter regime. The results are strikingly different from the corresponding classical problem in two dimensions where the fate of the renormalization group flows is a fixed point corresponding to N-decoupled pure Ising models.
description: Title is modified as requested by the PRL editor, minor stylistic changes, typos corrected, and a few new references added. It is published in PRL
Landownership in the United States, 1978
Creators: name: Lewis, James A.
name: Lewis, James A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Landowners
subject: Landownership
subject: Farmland
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Landholdings

description: Farmers are only 8 percent of all owners of private U.S. land, but they own 46 percent of it, the largest share of any group. White-collar and blue-collar workers are a majority of owners, at 52 percent, but own only a quarter of the private land. Retired persons (21 percent of all owners) own about 17 percent. Family units own most of the private land; nonfamily units (estates, partnerships, corporations), representing 6 percent of all owners, own 18 percent of the land. Federal, State, and local governments own about 40 percent of the total 2.3 billion acres in the United States.
An Extremely Elongated Cloud over Arsia Mons Volcano on Mars: I. Life Cycle
Creators: name: Hernández-Bernal, J.
name: Sánchez-Lavega, A.
name: del Río-Gaztelurrutia, T.
name: Ravanis, E.
name: Cardesín-Moinelo, A.
name: Connour, K.
name: Tirsch, D.
name: Ordóñez-Etxeberria, I.
name: Gondet, B.
name: Wood, S.
name: Titov, D.
name: Schneider, N. M.
name: Hueso, R.
name: Jaumann, R.
name: Hauber, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a previously unnoticed annually repeating phenomenon consisting of the daily formation of an extremely elongated cloud extending as far as 1800 km westward from Arsia Mons. It takes place in the Solar Longitude (Ls) range of ~220-320, around the Southern solstice. We study this Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud (AMEC) using images from different orbiters, including ESA Mars Express, NASA MAVEN, Viking 2, MRO, and ISRO Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM). We study the AMEC in detail in Martian Year (MY) 34 in terms of Local Time and Ls and find that it exhibits a very rapid daily cycle: the cloud growth starts before sunrise on the western slope of the volcano, followed by a westward expansion that lasts 2.5 hours with a velocity of around 170 m/s in the mesosphere (~45 km over the areoid). The cloud formation then ceases, it detaches from its formation point, and continues moving westward until it evaporates before the afternoon, when most sun-synchronous orbiters observe. Moreover we comparatively study observations from different years (i.e. MYs 29-34) in search of interannual variations and find that in MY33 the cloud exhibits lower activity, whilst in MY34 the beginning of its formation was delayed compared to other years, most likely due to the Global Dust Storm. This phenomenon takes place in a season known for the general lack of clouds on Mars. In this paper we focus on observations, and a theoretical interpretation will be the subject of a separate paper.
Farmer-to-Consumer Direct Marketing in Six States
Creators: name: Henderson, Peter L.
name: Linstrom, Harold R.
name: Henderson, Peter L.
name: Linstrom, Harold R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Direct sales
subject: Roadside stands
subject: Pick-your-own
subject: Farmers’ markets
subject: Dairy products
subject: Vegetables
subject: Fruits

description: Nearly 62,000 farmers in Indiana, Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, and Pennsylvania sold about $260 million worth of farm products directly to consumers in 1978. Direct sales represented 2 percent of total farm income in the six States. Leading in sales value were floral and nursery products, apples, berries, peaches, sweet corn, tomatoes, and melons. Direct sales from the farmhouse was the most frequently used direct marketing method, followed by roadside stands. Other types of direct marketing outlets are pick-your-own operations, farmers' markets, house-to-house delivery and farm stores.
The Metric Relaxation for $0$-Extension Admits an $Ω(\log^{2/3}{k})$ Gap
Creators: name: Schwartz, Roy
name: Tur, Nitzan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the $0$-Extension problem, where we are given an undirected graph $\mathcal{G}=(V,E)$ equipped with non-negative edge weights $w:E\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^+$, a collection $ T=\{ t_1,\ldots,t_k\}\subseteq V$ of $k$ special vertices called terminals, and a semi-metric $D$ over $T$. The goal is to assign every non-terminal vertex to a terminal while minimizing the sum over all edges of the weight of the edge multiplied by the distance in $D$ between the terminals to which the endpoints of the edge are assigned. $0$-Extension admits two known algorithms, achieving approximations of $O(\log{k})$ [C{ă}linescu-Karloff-Rabani SICOMP '05] and $O(\log{k}/\log{\log{k}})$ [Fakcharoenphol-Harrelson-Rao-Talwar SODA '03]. Both known algorithms are based on rounding a natural linear programming relaxation called the metric relaxation, in which $D$ is extended from $T$ to the entire of $V$. The current best known integrality gap for the metric relaxation is $Ω(\sqrt{\log{k}})$. In this work we present an improved integrality gap of $Ω(\log^{\frac{2}{3}}k)$ for the metric relaxation. Our construction is based on the randomized extension of one graph by another, a notion that captures lifts of graphs as a special case and might be of independent interest. Inspired by algebraic topology, our analysis of the gap instance is based on proving no continuous section (in the topological sense) exists in the randomized extension.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures, will appear in STOC 2021
Supplementary document for Extended Kalman filtering for enhancing cyclic pattern-updating scheme of single-pixel dynamic fluorescence spatial frequency domain imaging - 6421815.pdf
Creators: name: Dan, Mai
name: Yaru, Zhang
name: Gao, Feng
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Detailed experimental procedures and derivation of the PpIX concentration model
Nursing Home Feasibility Guide for Local Decision Makers in the Rural Ozarks
Creators: name: Kuehn, John A.
name: Suits, Damian
name: McGill, Bob
name: Nelson, Marlys K.
name: Kuehn, John A.
name: Suits, Damian
name: McGill, Bob
name: Nelson, Marlys K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Cost estimates
subject: nursing homes
subject: Ozark region

description: Local decisionmakers in the rural Ozarks will find this budget analysis useful in evaluating potential need for nursing homes and projecting capital and operating costs. The procedure developed for estimating the number of potential nursing home residents by zip code areas within a county is based on national utilization rates of nursing homes. Average capital and operating cost budgets are calculated from accounting reports and applications for construction funds of nursing homes in Missouri and northeast Oklahoma. As of October 1978, the average capital cost per nursing home bed was $18,402; the average annual operating cost per bed was $6,467.
Deep Learning Based Assessment of Synthetic Speech Naturalness
Creators: name: Mittag, Gabriel
name: Möller, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we present a new objective prediction model for synthetic speech naturalness. It can be used to evaluate Text-To-Speech or Voice Conversion systems and works language independently. The model is trained end-to-end and based on a CNN-LSTM network that previously showed to give good results for speech quality estimation. We trained and tested the model on 16 different datasets, such as from the Blizzard Challenge and the Voice Conversion Challenge. Further, we show that the reliability of deep learning-based naturalness prediction can be improved by transfer learning from speech quality prediction models that are trained on objective POLQA scores. The proposed model is made publicly available and can, for example, be used to evaluate different TTS system configurations.
description: Late upload, presented at Interspeech 2020