cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variation in energy stored and dissipated in type-II superconductor in applied ac magnetic field with relative phase of two sinusoidal components of the field
Creators: name: Janu, Zdenek
name: Chagovets, Tymofiy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that both the energy stored and dissipated by a system with hysteretic nonlinearity in an applied field varies with the relative phase of the sinusoidal components of the field, even if the magnitude of these components, and thus an effective value of the field, are kept constant. The explored system is a type-II superconductor in the critical state subjected to a time varying applied magnetic field. Complete analytical expressions for hysteresis loops, determined from basic physical phenomena, are known for this system. A theoretically predicted variation in the energy is in good agreement with our experimental measurements.
description: 5 figures, Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter (2016)
A Reference Section Through Fast-Spread Lower Oceanic Crust, Wadi Gideah, Samail Ophiolite (Sultanate of Oman): Petrography and Petrology
Creators: name: Koepke, J.
name: Garbe‐Schönberg, D.
name: Müller, T.
name: Mock, D.
name: Müller, S.
name: Nasir, S.
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: gabbro
subject: mineral analysis
subject: oceanic crust
subject: oceanic crust accretion
subject: Oman ophiolite
subject: petrology
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: In the absence of a complete profile through fast-spreading modern oceanic crust, we established a reference profile through the whole paleo crust of the Samail ophiolite (Sultanate of Oman), which is regarded as the best analogue for fast-spreading oceanic crust on land. To establish a coherent data set, we sampled the Wadi Gideah in the Wadi-Tayin massif from the mantle section up to the sheeted dikes and performed different analytical and structural investigations on the same suite of samples. This paper reports our studies of the lower crust, a 5 km thick pile of gabbros, focusing on petrographic features and on the results of mineral analyses. Depth profiles of mineral compositions combined with petrological modeling reveal insights into the mode of magmatic formation of fast-spreading lower oceanic crust, implying a hybrid accretion mechanism. The lower two thirds of the crust, mainly consisting of layered gabbros, formed via the injection of melt sills and in situ crystallization. Here, upward moving fractionated melts mixed with more primitive melts through melt replenishments, resulting in a slight but distinct upward differentiation trend. The upper third of the gabbroic crust is significantly more differentiated, in accord with a model of downward differentiation of a primitive parental melt originated from the axial melt lens located at the top of the gabbroic crust. Our hybrid model for crustal accretion requires a system to cool the deep crust, which was established by hydrothermal fault zones, initially formed on-axis at very high temperatures.
Subharmonic fidelity revival in a driven PXP model
Creators: name: Park, HaRu K.
name: Lee, SungBin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PXP model hosts a special set of nonergodic states, referred to as quantum many-body scars. One of the consequences of quantum scarring is the periodic revival of the wave function fidelity. It has been reported that quantum fidelity revival occurs in the PXP model for certain product states, and periodic driving of chemical potential can enhance the magnitude of quantum revival, and can even change the frequencies of revival showing the subharmonic response. Although the effect of the periodic driving in the PXP model has been studied in the limit of certain perturbative regimes, the general mechanism of such enhanced revival and frequency change has been barely studied. In this work, we investigate how periodic driving in the PXP model can systematically control the fidelity revival. Particularly, focusing on the product state so called a Neel state, we analyze the condition of driving to enhance the magnitude of revival or change the frequencies of revival. To clarify the reason of such control, we consider the similarities between the PXP model and the free spin-1/2 model in graph theoretical analysis, and show that the quantum fidelity feature in the PXP model is well explained by the free spin-1/2 model. In addition, under certain limit of the driving parameters, analytic approach to explain the main features of the fidelity revival is also performed. Our results give an insight of the scarring nature of the periodically driven PXP model and pave the way to understand their (sub-)harmonic responses and controls.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
GenOtoScope: Towards automating ACMG classification of variants associated with congenital hearing loss
Creators: name: Melidis, Damianos P.
name: Landgraf, Christian
name: Schmidt, Gunnar
name: Schöner-Heinisch, Anja
name: Hardenberg, Sandra Von
name: Lesinski-Schiedat, Anke
name: Nejdl, Wolfgang
name: Auber, Bernd
Publisher: name: San Francisco, Calif. : Public Library of Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adenosine Monophosphate
subject: Genetic Testing
subject: Genetic Variation
subject: Genome, Human
subject: Hearing Loss
subject: Humans
subject: Mutation
subject: United States
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Since next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become widely available, large gene panels containing up to several hundred genes can be sequenced cost-efficiently. However, the interpretation of the often large numbers of sequence variants detected when using NGS is laborious, prone to errors and is often difficult to compare across laboratories. To overcome this challenge, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) have introduced standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequencing variants. Additionally, disease-specific refinements have been developed that include accurate thresholds for many criteria, enabling highly automated processing. This is of particular interest for common but heterogeneous disorders such as hearing impairment. With more than 200 genes associated with hearing disorders, the manual inspection of possible causative variants is particularly difficult and time-consuming. To this end, we developed the open-source bioinformatics tool GenOtoScope, which automates the analysis of all ACMG/AMP criteria that can be assessed without further individual patient information or human curator investigation, including the refined loss of function criterion (“PVS1”). Two types of interfaces are provided: (i) a command line application to classify sequence variants in batches for a set of patients and (ii) a user-friendly website to classify single variants. We compared the performance of our tool with two other variant classification tools using two hearing loss data sets, which were manually annotated either by the ClinGen Hearing Loss Gene Curation Expert Panel or the diagnostics unit of our human genetics department. GenOtoScope achieved the best average accuracy and precision for both data sets. Compared to the second-best tool, GenOtoScope improved the accuracy metric by 25.75% and 4.57% and precision metric by 52.11% and 12.13% on the two data sets, respectively. The web interface is accessible via: http://genotoscope.mh-hannover.de:5000 and the command line interface via: https://github.com/damianosmel/GenOtoScope.
Digitale Präsentation - die Präsentation am Tage der offenen Tür
Creators: name: Reindl, Christian
Publisher: name: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Year: 2022

description: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Bd. 1 Nr. 1 (2020): Tag der offenen Tür
Excitations of Ising Strings on a Lattice
Creators: name: Athenodorou, Andreas
name: Dubovsky, Sergei
name: Luo, Conghuan
name: Teper, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 3d Ising model in the low temperature (ferromagnetic) phase describes dynamics of two-dimensional surfaces -- domain walls between clusters of parallel spins. The Kramers--Wannier duality maps these surfaces into worldsheets of confining strings in the Wegner's ${\mathbb Z}_2$ gauge theory. We study the excitation spectrum of long Ising strings by simulating the ${\mathbb Z}_2$ gauge theory on a lattice. We observe a strong mixing between string excitations and the lightest glueball state and do not find indications for light massive resonances on the string worldsheet.
description: 47 pages, 16 figures
Implementationsprozesse begleiten
Creators: name: Stürmer-Steinmann, Tatjana Katharina
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: implementation
subject: acceptance
subject: Stages of Concern
subject: Implementation
subject: Akzeptanz
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::000 | Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke

description: Fachdidaktische Forschung entwickelt und evaluiert fachdidaktische Innovationen wie bspw. materialgestützte Unterrichtskonzeptionen. Zur Unterstützung der Implementation fachdidaktischer Innovationen in den Fachunterricht existieren verschiedene Strategien. Eine Möglichkeit zur Unterstützung der Verbreitung solcher Unterrichtskonzeptionen stellt deren Einbettung in eine Lehr-Lernplattform dar (digitalgestützte Unterrichtskonzeption). Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht ausgehend von der Ausgangslage zur Nutzung und Akzeptanz von Lehr-Lernplattformen durch Lehrkräfte zwei verschiedene Implementationsmodi (Fortbildung und Handreichung) auf Basis der affektiv-kognitiven Auseinandersetzung (Hall & Hord, 2006). In der ersten Studie »Ausgangslage erfassen« wurden naturwissenschaftliche Lehrkräfte hinsichtlich ihrer Akzeptanz und Nutzung von Lehr-Lernplattformen befragt. Die Ergebnisse der Studien machen eine Implementationslücke in Bezug auf die Nutzung von Lehr-Lernplattformen deutlich, deuten jedoch auf eine Akzeptanz auf der Einstellungsebene hin. Zusätzlich wird deutlich, dass sich Nutzende von Lehr-Lernplattformen kaum von Nichtnutzenden hinsichtlich ihrer affektiv-kognitiven Auseinandersetzung mit digitalgestützten Unterrichtskonzeptionen unterscheiden. Zwischen der Nutzungsart von Lehr-Lernplattformen und der affektiv-kognitiven Auseinandersetzung lässt sich kein Zusammenhang nachweisen. Dahingegen gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Nutzungshäufigkeit und der affektiv-kognitiven Auseinandersetzung. Die Ergebnisse der ersten Studie dienen insbesondere dazu, Gestaltungskriterien für die Optimierung der beiden Implementationsmodi abzuleiten. In der zweiten Studie »Evaluation und Begleitung der Implementation« wird die Veränderung akzeptanzbeeinflussender Variablen aus dem Technologieakzeptanzmodell und der affektiv-kognitiven Auseinandersetzung über den Implementationsprozess analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Auseinandersetzung mit der Innovation zu einer Entwicklung beitragen kann, wobei sich das Ausmaß in den Gruppen »Fortbildung« und »Handreichung« unterscheidet. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Innovation mittels Fortbildung wirkt sich im Vergleich zu einer Auseinandersetzung mittels Handreichung stärker auf eine Akzeptanzentwicklung aus.
Bosonization of the interacting Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model
Creators: name: Jin, Tony
name: Ruggiero, Paola
name: Giamarchi, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the bosonization of the interacting fermionic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) with open boundaries. We use the classical Euler-Lagrange equations of motions of the bosonized theory to compute the density profile of the Majorana edge mode and observe excellent agreement with numerical results, notably the localization of the mode near the boundaries. Remarkably, we find that repulsive or attractive interactions do not systematically localize or delocalize the edge mode but their effects depend on the value of the staggering parameter. We provide quantitative predictions of these effects on the localization length of the edge mode.
description: 2 figures, Main : 5 pages, Supplemental Material : 8 pages
Experimental quantum compressed sensing for a seven-qubit system
Creators: name: Riofrio, C. A.
name: Gross, D.
name: Flammia, S. T.
name: Monz, T.
name: Nigg, D.
name: Blatt, R.
name: Eisert, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Well-controlled quantum devices with their increasing system size face a new roadblock hindering further development of quantum technologies: The effort of quantum tomography---the characterization of processes and states within a quantum device---scales unfavorably to the point that state-of-the-art systems can no longer be treated. Quantum compressed sensing mitigates this problem by reconstructing the state from an incomplete set of observables. In this work, we present an experimental implementation of compressed tomography of a seven qubit system---the largest-scale realization to date---and we introduce new numerical methods in order to scale the reconstruction to this dimension. Originally, compressed sensing has been advocated for density matrices with few non-zero eigenvalues. Here, we argue that the low-rank estimates provided by compressed sensing can be appropriate even in the general case. The reason is that statistical noise often allows only for the leading eigenvectors to be reliably reconstructed: We find that the remaining eigenvectors behave in a way consistent with a random matrix model that carries no information about the true state. We report a reconstruction of quantum states from a topological color code of seven qubits, prepared in a trapped ion architecture, based on tomographically incomplete data involving 127 Pauli basis measurement settings only, repeated 100 times each.
description: 7 pages + 6 page appendix, 36 figures
Emergent Area Laws from Entangled Matrices
Creators: name: Frenkel, Alexander
name: Hartnoll, Sean A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a wavefunction of large $N$ matrices supported close to an emergent classical fuzzy sphere geometry. The $SU(N)$ Gauss law of the theory enforces correlations between the matrix degrees of freedom associated to a geometric subregion and their complement. We call this `Gauss law entanglement'. We show that the subregion degrees of freedom transform under a single dominant, low rank representation of $SU(N)$. The corresponding Gauss law entanglement entropy is given by the logarithm of the dimension of this dominant representation. It is found that, after coarse-graining in momentum space, the $SU(N)$ Gauss law entanglement entropy is proportional to the geometric area bounding the subregion. The constant of proportionality goes like the inverse of an emergent Maxwell coupling constant, reminiscent of gravitational entropy.
description: 32 pages including appendices and references. 4 figures. v2: corrected intermediate formula
Challenges to the Good-Walker paradigm in coherent and incoherent photoproduction
Creators: name: Klein, Spencer R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy vector meson photoproduction is an important tool for studying the partonic structure of matter at low Bjorken$-x$. In the Good-Walker (GW) paradigm, the cross-section $dσ/dt$ for coherent production of vector mesons or other final states, depends the average transverse distribution of gluons, while the incoherent cross-section depends on fluctuations in the nuclear structure, due to variations in nucleon positions, and/or gluonic hot spots. However, predictions of the the GW paradigm seemingly conflict with data from multiple experiments which observe coherent production of vector mesons accompanied by nuclear excitation, or in peripheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These data are consistent with a simpler, semi-classical approach. We will discuss this contradiction and explore how and why GW fails. We will also contrast the significant differences in incoherent photoproduction on $^{197}$Au and $^{208}$Pb targets in the GW approach with the much smaller expected differences in their low$-x$ gluon content.
description: 7 pages; to be submitted for publication; comments are welcome
Pilot-wave quantum theory in discrete space and time and the principle of least action
Creators: name: Gluza, Janusz
name: Kosek, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The idea of obtaining a pilot-wave quantum theory on a lattice with discrete time is presented. The motion of quantum particles is described by a $|Ψ|^2$-distributed Markov chain. Stochastic matrices of the process are found by the discrete version of the least-action principle. Probability currents are the consequence of Hamilton's principle and the stochasticity of the Markov process is minimized. As an example, stochastic motion of single particles in a double-slit experiment is examined.
description: 9 pages, 7 figs, accepted for publication in Foundations of Physics
Magnetic light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation in subwavelength systems of a dielectric cavity and magnetic quantum emitters
Creators: name: Yang, Zhong-Jian
name: Du, Xiao-Jing
name: Hu, Ma-Long
name: He, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a magnetic laser in a subwavelength system consisting of a high-refractive-index dielectric cavity and an active medium formed by magnetic quantum emitters. Stimulated emissions of magnetic quantum emitters induced by their coherent interactions with quantized magnetic fields of a cavity are theoretically considered. The condition to archive such a magnetic laser is obtained. Numerical results show that magnetic lasers are feasible in some realistic systems, for example, a silicon disk of high-quality whispering gallery modes with embedded emitters. Furthermore, the competitions between the electric interaction and magnetic one in terms of their Purcell factors are also considered in some magnetic laser achievable systems. In a wavelength-scale silicon block of a high-order magnetic mode, the ratio of magnetic Purcell factor to the electric one can reach more than ~10^3 large. Our results open up ways to enhanced magnetic light-matter interactions.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Planar structures for two-color, single-beam magneto-optical traps
Creators: name: Bondza, Saskia
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Laserkühlen
subject: Quantensensoren
subject: kalte Atome
subject: Magneto-optische Falle
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The exploration of quantum physics has heralded a new era of quantum sensors with improved measurement precision compared to conventional systems. Quantum sensors based on alkaline-earth atoms offer a particular high accuracy and improvement in comparison to classic sensors. Laboratory based experiments are rapidly transitioning to field applicable quantum sensors and have also seen a beginning commercialization. To facilitate this transition, a reduction of size, weight and power consumption in the form of miniaturization of key components such as the magneto-optical trap is necessary. In this work, I present design and characterization of two planar structures for cooling on a broad-line and a narrow-line transition at two different wavelengths with a single, incident bi-chromatic beam. The first is a two-color grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT) optimized for cooling and trapping of 88Sr atoms on the first and second cooling transition. Secondly, a quasi-planar, achromatic Fresnel structure for magneto-optical trapping combining the advantages of achromaticity of the tetrahedral MOT with robustness, small size and ample optical access of the GMOT is presented. In the GMOT, 106 88Sr atoms are initially cooled on the 1S0 ! 1P1 transition at 461nm to few mK and subsequently transferred to the second cooling stage on the narrow line 1S0 ! 3P1 transition at 689nm where they are further cooled to a temperature of < 5 K. A transfer efficiency of 25% is reached. I outline general design considerations for two-color cooling with a GMOT on a broad and narrow transition transferable to other atom species. In the so-called Fresnel MOT a comparable number of 88Sr were precooled on the 1S0 ! 1P1 transition and subsequently cooled on the 1S0 ! 3P1 transition with a transfer efficiency of 50%. Here, they were further cooled in the so-called broadband MOT to temperatures of 20 K-40 K. Fermionic strontium was also successfully captured in the first stage MOT. Due to its achromaticity, the Fresnel MOT can be used for laser cooling of any atom where materials with suitable reflectivity are available and can further be used for even multi-species traps. Furthermore, I analyze MOT dynamics in micro-gravity applications regarding their temperature and number density and consequences for trap design for space-borne applications. These results enable compact, robust set-ups for multi-color MOTs paving the way for largely miniaturized physics packages in quantum sensing.
Intelligent Load Balancing in Cloud Computer Systems
Creators: name: Sliwko, Leszek
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2019

description: Cloud computing is an established technology allowing users to share resources on a large scale, never before seen in IT history. A cloud system connects multiple individual servers in order to process related tasks in several environments at the same time. Clouds are typically more cost-effective than single computers of comparable computing performance. The sheer physical size of the system itself means that thousands of machines may be involved. The focus of this research was to design a strategy to dynamically allocate tasks without overloading Cloud nodes which would result in system stability being maintained at minimum cost. This research has added the following new contributions to the state of knowledge: (i) a novel taxonomy and categorisation of three classes of schedulers, namely OS-level, Cluster and Big Data, which highlight their unique evolution and underline their different objectives; (ii) an abstract model of cloud resources utilisation is specified, including multiple types of resources and consideration of task migration costs; (iii) a virtual machine live migration was experimented with in order to create a formula which estimates the network traffic generated by this process; (iv) a high-fidelity Cloud workload simulator, based on a month-long workload traces from Google's computing cells, was created; (v) two possible approaches to resource management were proposed and examined in the practical part of the manuscript: the centralised metaheuristic load balancer and the decentralised agent-based system. The project involved extensive experiments run on the University of Westminster HPC cluster, and the promising results are presented together with detailed discussions and a conclusion.
Ask the GRU: Multi-Task Learning for Deep Text Recommendations
Creators: name: Bansal, Trapit
name: Belanger, David
name: McCallum, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; I.2.6

description: In a variety of application domains the content to be recommended to users is associated with text. This includes research papers, movies with associated plot summaries, news articles, blog posts, etc. Recommendation approaches based on latent factor models can be extended naturally to leverage text by employing an explicit mapping from text to factors. This enables recommendations for new, unseen content, and may generalize better, since the factors for all items are produced by a compactly-parametrized model. Previous work has used topic models or averages of word embeddings for this mapping. In this paper we present a method leveraging deep recurrent neural networks to encode the text sequence into a latent vector, specifically gated recurrent units (GRUs) trained end-to-end on the collaborative filtering task. For the task of scientific paper recommendation, this yields models with significantly higher accuracy. In cold-start scenarios, we beat the previous state-of-the-art, all of which ignore word order. Performance is further improved by multi-task learning, where the text encoder network is trained for a combination of content recommendation and item metadata prediction. This regularizes the collaborative filtering model, ameliorating the problem of sparsity of the observed rating matrix.
description: 8 pages
Beaming structures of Jupiter's decametric common S-bursts observed from LWA1, NDA, and URAN2 radio telescopes
Creators: name: Imai, Masafumi
name: Lecacheux, Alain
name: Clarke, Tracy E.
name: Higgins, Charles A.
name: Panchenko, Mykhaylo
name: Dowell, Jayce
name: Imai, Kazumasa
name: Brazhenko, Anatolii I.
name: Frantsuzenko, Anatolii V.
name: Konovalenko, Alexandr A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 2015 February 21, simultaneous observations of Jupiter's decametric radio emission between 10 and 33 MHz were carried out using three powerful low-frequency radio telescopes: Long Wavelength Array Station One (LWA1) in USA; Nançay Decameter Array (NDA) in France; and URAN2 telescope in Ukraine. We measure lag times of short-bursts (S-bursts) for 105-minutes of data over effective baselines up to 8460 km by using cross-correlation analysis of the spectrograms from each instrument. Of particular interest is the measurement of the beaming thickness of S-bursts, testing if either flashlight- or beacon-like beaming is emanating from Jupiter. We find that the lag times for all pairs drift slightly as time elapses, in agreement with expectations from the flashlight-like beaming model. This leads to a new constraint of the minimum beaming thickness of 2.66". Also, we find that most of the analyzed data abound with S-bursts, whose occurrence probability peaks at 17-18 MHz.
description: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication/published in The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/176
Supercurrent diode effect in thin film Nb tracks
Creators: name: Satchell, N.
name: Shepley, P. M.
name: Rosamond, M. C.
name: Burnell, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate nonreciprocal critical current in 65 nm thick polycrystalline and epitaxial Nb thin films patterned into tracks. The nonreciprocal behavior gives a supercurrent diode effect, where the current passed in one direction is a supercurrent and the other direction is a normal state (resistive) current. We attribute fabrication artefacts to creating the supercurrent diode effect in our tracks. We study the variation of the diode effect with temperature and magnetic field, and find a dependence with the width of the Nb tracks from 2-10 $μ$m. For both polycrystalline and epitaxial samples, we find that tracks of width 4 $μ$m provides the largest supercurrent diode efficiency of up to $\approx$30$\%$, with the effect reducing or disappearing in the widest tracks of 10 $μ$m. We propose a model based on the limiting contributions to the critical current density to explain the track width dependence of the induced supercurrent diode effect. It is anticipated that the supercurrent diode will become a ubiquitous component of the superconducting computer.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Polaron spin echo envelope modulations in an organic semiconducting polymer
Creators: name: Mkhitaryan, V. V.
name: Dobrovitski, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical treatment of the electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectra from polarons in a semiconducting $π$- conjugated polymer is presented. The contact hyperfine coupling and the dipolar interaction between the polaron and proton spins are found to have distinct contributions in the ESEEM spectra. However, since the two contributions are spaced very closely, and the dipolar contribution is dominant, the detection of the contact hyperfine interaction is difficult. To resolve this problem, a recipe of probing the contact hyperfine and dipolar interactions selectively is proposed, and a method for detecting the polaron contact hyperfine interaction is formulated. The ESEEM decay due to the polaron random hopping is analyzed, and the robustness of the method against this decay is verified. Moreover, this decay is linked to the transport properties of polarons, providing an auxiliary probe for the polaron transport.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
Cluster dynamics modelling of materials: a new hybrid deterministic/stochastic coupling approach
Creators: name: Terrier, Pierre
name: Athènes, Manuel
name: Jourdan, Thomas
name: Adjanor, Gilles
name: Stoltz, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deterministic simulations of the rate equations governing cluster dynamics in materials are limited by the number of equations to integrate. Stochastic simulations are limited by the high frequency of certain events. We propose a coupling method combining deterministic and stochastic approaches. It allows handling different time scale phenomena for cluster dynamics. This method, based on a splitting of the dynamics, is generic and we highlight two different hybrid deterministic/stochastic methods. These coupling schemes are highly parallelizable and specifically designed to treat large size cluster problems. The proof of concept is made on a simple model of vacancy clustering under thermal ageing.
Strong parameter renormalization from optimum lattice model orbitals
Creators: name: Brosco, Valentina
name: Ying, Zu-Jian
name: Lorenzana, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the old problem of which is the best single particle basis to express a Hubbard-like lattice model. A rigorous variational solution of this problem leads to equations in which the answer depends in a self-consistent manner on the solution of the lattice model itself. Contrary to naive expectations, for arbitrary small interactions, the optimized orbitals differ from the non-interacting ones, leading also to substantial changes in the model parameters as shown analytically and in an explicit numerical solution for a simple double-well one-dimensional case. At strong coupling, we obtain the direct exchange interaction with a very large renormalization with important consequences for the explanation of ferromagnetism with model hamiltonians. Moreover, in the case of two atoms and two fermions we show that the optimization equations are closely related to reduced density matrix functional theory thus establishing an unsuspected correspondence between continuum and lattice approaches.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Cumulative pion production via successive collisions in nuclear medium
Creators: name: Motornenko, A.
name: Gorenstein, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Production of pions in proton-nucleus (p+A) reactions outside of a kinematical boundary of proton-nucleon collisions, the so-called cumulative effect, is studied. The kinematical restrictions on pions emitted in backward direction in the target rest frame are analyzed. It is shown that cumulative pion production requires a presence of massive baryonic resonances that are produced during successive collisions of projectile with nuclear nucleons. After each successive collision the mass of created resonance may increase and, simultaneously, its longitudinal velocity decreases. Simulations within Ultra relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model reveals that successive collisions of baryonic resonances with nuclear nucleons plays the dominant role in cumulative pion production in p+A reactions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to the proceedings of the Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement 2016, Wroclaw, Poland, May 30th - June 4th, 2016
Mass limits for the chiral color symmetry $G'$-boson from LHC dijet data
Creators: name: Frolov, I. V.
name: Smirnov, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The contributions of $G'$-boson predicted by the chiral color symmetry of quarks to the differential dijet cross-sections in $pp$-collisions at the LHC are calculated and analysed in dependence on two free parameters of the model, the $G'$ mass $m_{G'}$ and mixing angle $θ_G$. The exclusion and consistency $m_{G'}-θ_G$ regions imposed by the ATLAS and CMS data on dijet cross-sections are found. Using the CT10 (MSTW~2008) PDF set we show that the $G'$-boson for $θ_G=45^{\circ}$, i.e. the axigluon, with the masses $m_{G'} < 2.3 \,\, (2.6) \,\, \mbox{TeV}$ and $m_{G'} < 3.35 \,\, (3.25) \,\, \mbox{TeV}$ is excluded at the probability level of $95\%$ by the ATLAS and CMS dijet data respectively. For the other values of $θ_G$ the exclusion limits are more stringent. The $m_{G'}-θ_G$ regions consistent with these data at $CL=68\%$ and $CL=90\%$ are also found.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Modern Physics Letters A
Resolution of the LHCb $η_c$ anomaly
Creators: name: Biswal, Sudhansu S.
name: Mishra, Sushree S.
name: Sridhar, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the heavy-quark symmetry of Non-Relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD), the cross-section for the production of $η_c$ can be predicted. This NRQCD prediction when confronted with data from the LHCb is seen to fail miserably. We address this LHCb $η_c$ anomaly in this paper using a new approach called modified NRQCD, an approach that has been shown to work extremely well for studying $J/ψ$, $ψ^{\prime}$ and $χ_c$ production at the LHC. We show, in the present paper, that the predictions for $η_c$ production agrees very well with LHCb measurements at the three different values of energy that the experiment has presented data for. Modified NRQCD also explains the intriguing agreement of the LHCb $η_c$ data with the colour-singlet prediction. The remarkable agreement of the theoretical predictions with the LHCb data suggests that modified NRQCD is closer to apprehending the true dynamics of quarkonium production.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
TARGET 5: a new multi-channel digitizer with triggering capabilities for gamma-ray atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes
Creators: name: Albert, A.
name: Funk, S.
name: Kawashima, T.
name: Murphy, M.
name: Okumura, A.
name: Quagliani, R.
name: Sapozhnikov, L.
name: Tajima, H.
name: Tibaldo, L.
name: Vandenbroucke, J.
name: Varner, G.
name: Wu, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TARGET~5 is a new application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) of the TARGET family, designed for the readout of signals from photosensors in the cameras of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy. TARGET~5 combines sampling and digitization on 16 signal channels with the formation of trigger signals based on the analog sum of groups of four channels. We describe the ASIC architecture and performance. TARGET~5 improves over the performance of the first-generation TARGET ASIC, achieving: tunable sampling frequency from $<0.4$~GSa/s to $>1$~GSa/s; a dynamic range on the data path of 1.2 V with effective dynamic range of 11~bits and DC noise of ${\sim}0.6$~mV; 3-dB bandwidth of 500 MHz; crosstalk between adjacent channels $<1.3\%$; charge resolution improving from 40\% to $<4\%$ between 3 photoelectrons (p.e.) and $>100$~p.e. (assuming 4 mV per p.e.); and minimum stable trigger threshold of 20 mV (5 p.e.) with trigger noise of 5 mV (1.2 p.e.), which is mostly limited by interference between trigger and sampling operations. TARGET~5 is the first ASIC of the TARGET family used in an IACT prototype, providing one development path for readout electronics in the forthcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA).
description: 17 pages, 30 figures, v2 fixes typo
The report of a survey of pupil personnel in the Austin public schools
Creators: name: Stanford, Madge
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1950
Subjects: subject: Public schools
subject: Texas
subject: Austin
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: School children
subject: Educational surveys
subject: Conditions of public schools
subject: Public schools--Texas--Austin
subject: Public schools--Texas--Austin--Statistics
subject: School children--Texas--Austin
subject: School children--Texas--Austin--Statistics
subject: Public schools--Texas--Austin--Evaluation
subject: Educational surveys--Texas

description: The specific purposes of this pupil-personnel study were as follows: 1. To determine the age-grade status of pupils in the Austin Public Schools. The aim was to determine the numbers and percentages of pupils who were underage, normalage, and overage for the grades in which they were in membership during the time the study was made. 2. To determine the grade-progress status of pupils in the Austin Public Schools. This meant to find out how many pupils were progressing through the grades at a retarded rate, how many were making normal progress, and how many were progressing at an accelerated, or a faster than normal, rate. 3. To determine the "incidence of retardation" status of pupils in the Austin Public Schools. The idea here was to discover the number of pupils who were retarded --that is, the number who had failed one or more grades during their school careers --the grades that proved to be the biggest stumbling blocks for pupils, and other pertinent data concerning failures. 4. To determine the extent to which the Austin public schools were affected by mobility. More specifically, the purpose was to reveal the number of pupils who had transferred-in and transferred-out of the schools during the year under study. Both inter- and intra-city transferring were considered. 5. To determine the extent to which pupils dropped out of school during the year under study. In other words, the aim was to make a study of each pupil who had, for one reason or other, dropped out of school. Additional purposes were to determine the time of the school year during which dropping out was most pronounced, the grades that were most affected, and the reasons that pupils gave for dropping out. 6. To determine how much Austin teachers actually knew about their pupils. The aim here was to determine, from teachers' own statements, just how much they had learned about their individual pupils through holding conferences with them and with their families, through examining and studying the records of their pupils, and through assembling additional information concerning the family circumstances of their pupils. 7. An additional purpose of this study was to determine how much information of the type needed for a pupil-personnel survey was obtainable from the records that were kept in the Austin schools
Signature of magnetic-dependent gapless odd frequency states at superconductor/ferromagnet interfaces
Creators: name: Di Bernardo, Angelo
name: Diesch, Simon
name: Gu, Yuanzhou
name: Linder, Jacob
name: Divitini, Giorgio
name: Ducati, Caterina
name: Scheer, Elke
name: Blamire, Mark
name: Robinson, Jason W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of superconductivity developed by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer (BCS) explains the stabilization of electron pairs into a spin-singlet, even frequency, state by the formation of an energy gap within which the density of states is zero. At a superconductor interface with an inhomogeneous ferromagnet, a gapless odd frequency superconducting state is predicted, in which the Cooper pairs are in a spin-triplet state. Although indirect evidence for such a state has been obtained, the gap structure and pairing symmetry have not so far been determined. Here we report scanning tunnelling spectroscopy of Nb superconducting films proximity coupled to epitaxial Ho. These measurements reveal pronounced changes to the Nb subgap superconducting density of states on driving the Ho through a metamagnetic transition from a helical antiferromagnetic to a homogeneous ferromagnetic state for which a BCS-like gap is recovered. The results prove odd frequency spin-triplet superconductivity at superconductor/inhomogeneous magnet interfaces.
D-instanton, threshold corrections, and topological string
Creators: name: Kim, Manki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note, we prove that the one-loop pfaffian of the non-perturbative superpotential generated by Euclidean D-branes in type II compactifications on orientifolds of Calabi-Yau threefolds is determined by the moduli integral of the new supersymmetric index defined by Cecotti, Fendley, Intriligator, and Vafa. As this quantity can be computed via topological string theory, Chern-Simons theory, matrix models, or by solving the holomorphic anomaly equation, this result provides a method to directly compute the one-loop pfaffian of the non-perturbative superpotential. The relation between the one-loop pfaffian, threshold corrections to the gauge coupling, and the one-loop partition function of open topological string theory is discussed.
description: v2: 17 pages. Typos fixed. References added. Some discussions expanded. v3: 18 pages. References added. v4: matches jhep version
Study on U/Th residual radioactivity in acrylic from surface treatment
Creators: name: Li, Yuanxia
name: Qian, Xiaohui
name: Luo, Xiaolan
name: Zhao, Jie
name: Zhang, Gaofeng
name: Ma, Xiaoyan
name: Heng, Yuekun
name: Wen, Liangjian
name: Sisti, Monica
name: Perrot, Frédéric
name: Tang, Hongqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acrylic is widely used as material for the target container in low background experiments due to its high light transparency and low intrinsic radioactivity. However, its surface can be easily contaminated during production, so careful treatment of the surface is essential to avoid direct contamination of the target. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory will use about 600~t of acrylic to build the spherical vessel of 35.4~m in diameter for a 20~kt liquid scintillator (LS). Since acrylic will contact the LS directly, the cleanliness of the its surface is quite important for the radiopurity of the LS. A new method for measuring the radioactivity of $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th in acrylic to sub-ppt ($<10^{-12}$~g/g) was developed, and it is crucial for the acrylic radioactivity screening in this study. We performed many background tests on different surface treatments, and the recommended procedure for the treatment of acrylic to achieve low radioactivity and high light transparency could be applicable to other low background experiments.
Conformal mapping of the Misner-Sharp mass from gravitational collapse
Creators: name: Hammad, Fayçal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conformal transformation of the Misner-Sharp mass is reexamined. It has recently been found that this mass does not transform like usual masses do under conformal mappings of spacetime. We show that when it comes to conformal transformations, the widely used geometric definition of the Misner-Sharp mass is fundamentally different from the original conception of the latter. Indeed, when working within the full hydrodynamic setup that gave rise to that mass, i.e. the physics of gravitational collapse, the familiar conformal transformation of a usual mass is recovered. The case of scalar-tensor theories of gravity is also examined.
description: 17 pages. Matches the published version
Zero Lelong number problem
Creators: name: Rashkovskii, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32U05, 32U25, 32U35, 32W20

description: We discuss several related problems on residual Monge-Ampère masses of plurisubharmonic functions. The note is based on the author's talk at the 27th Congress of Nordic Mathematicians, March 19, 2016.
description: 7 pages
Topological superconductivity in helical crystals
Creators: name: Yoshida, Soma
name: Yada, Keiji
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Yokoyama, Takehito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study superconductivity and surface Andreev bound states in helical crystals. We consider the interlayer pairings along the helical hopping and investigate the surface local density of states on the (001) and zigzag surfaces for all the possible irreducible representations. There are three and four irreducible representations exhibiting the zero energy peaks in the local density of states at the (001) and zigzag surfaces of helical lattices, respectively. By calculating the one dimensional winging number, we show that these appearances of the zero energy peaks stem from the surface Andreev bound states.