Dinotrema (Synaldis) brunneum Oliveira & Penteado-Dias, 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Dias de Oliveira, Franciélle
name: Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Dinotrema
Dinotrema brunneum

description: Dinotrema (Synaldis) brunneum sp. nov.
Figs 13–22
Type material.
Holotype: Chile • ♀ (MNNC); Osorno, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Antillanca; 40 ° 44 ' 06 " S, 72 ° 19 ' 47 " W; alt. 528 m; 14 Jan. – 3 Feb. 2017; D. Amorim and V. Silva leg.; flight intercept trap. Paratypes: Chile • 1 ♂ (MNNC); same data as for holotype, except 40 ° 44 ’ S, 72 ° 19 ’ W; alt. 440 m; sweeping • 2 ♀♀ (DCBU 387261, DCBU 387295); same data as for holotype, except 40 ° 44 ’ S, 72 ° 19 ’ W; alt. 440 m; sweeping.
Diagnosis.
This species differs from other New World species of Synaldis by the combination of the following characteristics: in lateral view, eye wider than temple (Fig. 17); paraclypeal fovea middle size (Fig. 14); mandible with three relatively large teeth, diagonal carina weak, mandibular apex wider than base; F 1 2.7–3.3 × as long as wide (Fig. 15); mesoscutal pit present, conspicuous (Fig. 16); propodeum with areola, median longitudinal carina and transverse carinae complete (Fig. 21); fore wing vein cu-a postfurcal, 1 - CU 1 shorter than cu-a (Fig. 18); hind tibia 9.8–10.3 × as long as wide (Fig. 20).
Dinotrema (S.) brunneum sp. nov. is similar to D. (S.) chilense sp. nov. (see their differences in the identification key) and D. (S.) verae sp. nov., from which it can be distinguished by head and mesoscutum brown to dark brown (head dorsally dark brown to brown, but mesoscutum yellowish, lighter than head in D. (S.) verae sp. nov., Figs 16, 99), T 1 strigose (rugose – foveolate in D. (S.) verae sp. nov., Figs 21, 104), fore wing vein (r + 3 - SR) 5.6–5.9 × as long as r-m (4.8–5.1 × in D. (S.) verae sp. nov., Figs 18, 101), hind femur 4.7–5.0 × as long as wide (4.2–4.3 × in D. (S.) verae sp. nov.), hind tibia 9.8–10.0 × as long as wide (8.6–8.9 × in D. (S.) verae sp. nov., Figs 20, 105).
Description.
♀. Length. Body: 2.5–2.8 mm. Fore wing: 2.6–2.9 mm. Hind wing: 2.0– 2.1 mm.
Head: in dorsal view (Fig. 16), 1.7–1.9 × as wide as long, 1.3 × as wide as mesosoma, as wide at eyes as temples or slightly wider at eyes. Frons smooth or with weak mid groove. POL 1.5 × as OD, OOL 2.6 × as OD. In lateral view (Fig. 17), eye 1.4–1.5 × as high as wide, 1.1–1.2 × as wide as temple. Face 1.6 × as wide as high (Fig. 14), 1.8–2.0 × as wide as clypeus, smooth or punctate, with a weak longitudinal ridge dorsally. Clypeus 1.8–1.9 × as wide as high, concave ventrally. Malar space 0.5–0.6 × as clypeus height. Paraclypeal fovea middle size. Mandible 1.2–1.4 × as long as wide, diagonal carina present, weak. Mandibular apex 1.2 × wide as base. Upper tooth rounded. Middle tooth acute, longer than other teeth. Lower tooth rounded or nearly so, as long as upper tooth. Upper tooth ca as wide as lower, wider than middle tooth. Antenna with 18–20 segments (Fig. 15), 0.7–0.9 × as long as body. Scape 1.8 × as long as pedicel. F 1 2.7–3.0 × as long as wide, 1.2 × as long as F 2. F 2 1.9–2.2 × as long as wide. F 3 1.8–2.0 × as long as wide. AF 2.1–2.2 × as long as wide. Maxillary palp 1.2 × as long as head height.
Mesosoma: 1.2–1.4 × as long as high (Fig. 17), 2.0–2.1 × as long as wide. Mesoscutum as long as wide, notauli absent on horizontal surface of mesoscutum (Fig. 16). Mesoscutal pit present, oval to elongate, occupying 0.1–0.2 × of mesoscutal length. Prescutellar depression 2.0–2.2 × as long as wide (Fig. 21), with median carina complete, lateral carinae absent or incomplete anteriorly, very short. Side of pronotum crenulate. Precoxal sulcus crenulate medially, not reaching anterior and / or posterior margins of mesopleuron (Fig. 17). Posterior mesopleural furrow smooth. Propodeum mainly rugulose to rugose (Fig. 21), with areola 0.8 × as high as wide; median longitudinal carina complete or nearly so (interrupted very briefly apically); transverse carinae complete. Propodeum with protuberance in lateral view. Propodeal spiracle small to middle (Fig. 17), 0.3–0.4 × distance from spiracle to base of propodeum.
Wings: fore wing 2.8–2.9 × as long as wide, vein 1 - SR present, (r + 3 - SR) 5.6–5.9 × as long as r-m, SR 1 1.8–1.9 × as long as (r + 3 - SR); cu-a postfurcal, 1 - CU 1 0.6–0.7 × as long as cu-a. Marginal cell 4.1 × as long as wide, submarginal cell 1.9–2.1 × as long as wide, first subdiscal cell 2.8–2.9 × as long as wide (Fig. 18). Hind wing 5.4 × as long as wide, vein 1 - M 0.5–0.6 × as long as M + CU, 1.3–1.7 × as long as 1 r-m; m-cu absent (Fig. 19).
Legs: hind femur 4.7–5.0 × as long as wide. Hind tibia 9.8–10.0 × as long as wide, 1.1–1.2 × as long as hind tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus 1.8–1.9 × as long as second segment (Fig. 20).
Metasoma: 1.5–1.7 × as long, and as wide as mesosoma (Figs 13, 22). T 1 strigose (Fig. 21), 1.7–1.8 × as long as wide, apex 1.3–1.6 × as wide as base. Ovipositor 0.2–0.3 × as long as metasoma, 0.9–1.4 × as long as T 1, 0.6–0.8 × as long as hind femur. Ovipositor sheath with some delicate setae (except on 1 / 3 apical almost glabrous), 0.2–0.3 × as long as metasoma, 0.9–1.2 × as long as T 1 (Figs 13, 20).
Color: dark brown to brown, except mandibles, legs, and ovipositor yellowish. Wigs hyaline, veins brown.
Male. Body length 2.9 mm, fore wing 3.1 mm, hind wing 2.2 mm. POL 1.4 × as OD, OOL 2.3 × as OD. Eye 1.3 × as wide as temple. Face 1.45 × as long as high. Mandibular apex 1.1 × as wide as base. Antenna with 25 segments, 1.1 × as long as body. F 1 3.3 × as long as wide, 1.4 × as long as F 2. F 3 2.3 × as long as wide. AF 2.5 × as long as wide. Propodeum rugose medially. Fore wing 3.1 × as long as wide, vein 1 - CU 1 0.9 × as long as cu-a. First subdiscal cell 2.6 × as long as wide. Hind tibia 10.3 × as long as wide.
Etymology.
The epithet is an adjective derived from brunneus, which means brown in Latin. The species name refers to its predominantly brown body color (Figs 13–22).
Distribution.
Chile.
description: Published as part of Dias de Oliveira, Franciélle & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2024, First record of subgenus Synaldis Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae, Dinotrema Foerster) from Chile, with description of ten new species, pp. 275-314 in ZooKeys 1206 on pages 275-314, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1206.124515