cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Essays in healthcare operations research
Creators: name: Piri, Hossein
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation comprises two studies. In the first two chapters, we study individualized patient monitoring in hospitals under explicit consideration of alarm fatigue. Hospitals are rife with alarms, many of which are false. This leads to alarm fatigue, in which clinicians become desensitized and may inadvertently ignore real threats. We develop a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) model for recommending dynamic, patient-specific alarms in which we incorporate a cry-wolf feedback-loop of repeated false alarms. Our model takes into account patient heterogeneity in safety limits for vital signs and learns a patient’s safety limits by performing Bayesian updates during a patient’s hospital stay. In Chapter 2, we develop structural results of the optimal policy, and in Chapter 3 we perform a numerical case study based on clinical data from an intensive care unit (ICU). We find that compared to current approaches of setting patients’ alarms, our dynamic patient-centered model significantly reduces the risk of patient harm. In Chapter 4, we study elevator queue management during a pandemic. The social distancing requirement during COVID-19 reduced the elevator capacity in high-rise buildings by up to 70 %, which resulted in elevator queue build-up and increased the elevator wait time, thereby increasing the chance of the spread of the disease. We considered a real-life large clinic facility of the Vancouver general hospital (Diamond clinic) and studied the impact of rescheduling the clinic’s start time on patients’ average wait time as well as on the queue length in the lobby during busy periods. Our results showed that by rescheduling the clinics (that are originally scheduled at busy times) by a maximum of 30 minutes, the average wait time can decrease by up to 85%, and the maximum queue length in the lobby can decrease by up to 95%.
SMARCA4/2 loss inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis by restricting IP3R3-mediated Ca2+ flux to mitochondria.
Creators: name: Xue, Yibo
name: Morris, Jordan L
name: Yang, Kangning
name: Fu, Zheng
name: Zhu, Xianbing
name: Johnson, Fraser
name: Meehan, Brian
name: Witkowski, Leora
name: Yasmeen, Amber
name: Golenar, Tunde
name: Coatham, Mackenzie
name: Morin, Geneviève
name: Monast, Anie
name: Pilon, Virginie
name: Fiset, Pierre Olivier
name: Jung, Sungmi
name: Gonzalez, Anne V
name: Camilleri-Broet, Sophie
name: Fu, Lili
name: Postovit, Lynne-Marie
name: Spicer, Jonathan
name: Gotlieb, Walter H
name: Guiot, Marie-Christine
name: Rak, Janusz
name: Park, Morag
name: Lockwood, William
name: Foulkes, William D
name: Prudent, Julien
name: Huang, Sidong
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Inactivating mutations in SMARCA4 and concurrent epigenetic silencing of SMARCA2 characterize subsets of ovarian and lung cancers. Concomitant loss of these key subunits of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes in both cancers is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis. Here, we discover that SMARCA4/2 loss inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis through disrupting intracellular organelle calcium ion (Ca2+) release in these cancers. By restricting chromatin accessibility to ITPR3, encoding Ca2+ channel IP3R3, SMARCA4/2 deficiency causes reduced IP3R3 expression leading to impaired Ca2+ transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria required for apoptosis induction. Reactivation of SMARCA2 by a histone deacetylase inhibitor rescues IP3R3 expression and enhances cisplatin response in SMARCA4/2-deficient cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings elucidate the contribution of SMARCA4/2 to Ca2+-dependent apoptosis induction, which may be exploited to enhance chemotherapy response in SMARCA4/2-deficient cancers.
Comportement mécanique des couches d’assises modifiées par des débris de démolition
Creators: name: Hadidane, Hocine
name: Oucief, Hocine
name: Merzoud, Mouloud
Publisher: name: Academic Journal of Civil Engineering
Year: 2019

description: L’activité de construction génère d’une part, l’épuisement des gisements naturels de granulats qui imposent de chercher des nouvelles sources d’approvisionnement, d’autre part, l’accumulation des quantité des déchets de construction, qui peuvent être estimée à des millions de tonnes par an dans les pays du monde notamment en Algérie, Le recyclage de ces matériaux déjà engagé dans le secteur des travaux publics est la solution la plus prometteuse. Le recyclage de l’ancien matériau offre de multiples avantages sur le plan environnemental : une économie de matériaux naturels, une forte diminution du trafic de poids lourds qui transportent ces matériaux et ainsi une grande économie d’énergie. Ce travail constitue une contribution expérimentale à l’étude de la durabilité des différents matériaux provenant de la démolition du bâtiment (béton, brique et parpaing) en vue de leur utilisation dans les infrastructures des chaussées souples. Les résultats obtenus sont extrêmement encourageants pour l’incorporation de ces matériaux recyclés dans le corps de chaussées.
description: Academic Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol 36 No 1 (2018): Special Issue - RUGC 2018 St Etienne
Some new series for $1/π$ and related congruences
Creators: name: Sun, Zhi-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A10, 11A07, 11B65, 11E25, 33F05

description: In this paper we prove some new series for $1/π$ as well as related congruences. We also raise several new kinds of series for $1/π$ and present some related conjectural congruences involving representations of primes by binary quadratic forms.
description: 16 pages, published version
Identification of proteins interacting with pre-microrna-155 which potentially regulate the biogenesis of microrna-155 in response to interleukin-10
Creators: name: Yoon, Seog Jae
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: The host defence against pathogen infection or tissue damage includes activation of immune cells such as macrophages, leading to a process called inflammation, which needs to be appropriately regulated to avoid the development of inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 10 (IL10) plays a central role in inhibiting macrophage activation. The stimulation of macrophages with the bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in the production of inflammatory cytokines, mediators and increased expression of intracellular signaling molecules such as the microRNA (miRNA) miR-155. IL10 signaling inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and miR-155, in part by downregulation of miR-155. Our previous work showed that IL10 inhibits the maturation of the precursor of miR-155 (pre-miR-155) to a mature miR-155. This thesis aimed to characterize the mechanism by which IL10 signaling interferes with miR-155 maturation by identifying proteins that interact with pre-miR-155. Our studies showed CELF2 to be a pre-miR-155 interacting protein. A study of CELF2 deficient cells suggests that this protein contributes to the expression of mature miR-155 and IL10 inhibition of miR-155 and inflammatory cytokine production.
A Comparative Analysis of Bilingual and Trilingual Wav2Vec Models for Automatic Speech Recognition in Multilingual Oral History Archives
Creators: name: Lehečka, Jan
name: Psutka, Josef V.
name: Šmídl, Luboš
name: Ircing, Pavel
name: Psutka, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we are comparing monolingual Wav2Vec 2.0 models with various multilingual models to see whether we could improve speech recognition performance on a unique oral history archive containing a lot of mixed-language sentences. Our main goal is to push forward research on this unique dataset, which is an extremely valuable part of our cultural heritage. Our results suggest that monolingual speech recognition models are, in most cases, superior to multilingual models, even when processing the oral history archive full of mixed-language sentences from non-native speakers. We also performed the same experiments on the public CommonVoice dataset to verify our results. We are contributing to the research community by releasing our pre-trained models to the public.
description: Accepted to INTERSPEECH2024
Effect of Peierls transition in armchair carbon nanotube on dynamical behaviour of encapsulated fullerene
Creators: name: Poklonski, N. A.
name: Vyrko, S. A.
name: Kislyakov, E. F.
name: Hieu, N. N.
name: Bubel', O. N.
name: Popov, A. M.
name: Lozovik, Yu. E.
name: Knizhnik, A. A.
name: Lebedeva, I. V.
name: Viet, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The changes of dynamical behaviour of a single fullerene molecule inside an armchair carbon nanotube caused by the structural Peierls transition in the nanotube are considered. The structures of the smallest C20 and Fe@C20 fullerenes are computed using the spin-polarized density functional theory. Significant changes of the barriers for motion along the nanotube axis and rotation of these fullerenes inside the (8,8) nanotube are found at the Peierls transition. It is shown that the coefficients of translational and rotational diffusions of these fullerenes inside the nanotube change by several orders of magnitude. The possibility of inverse orientational melting, i.e. with a decrease of temperature, for the systems under consideration is predicted.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Radiation Effects in Americium Ceramic Compounds
Creators: name: Popa, Karin
name: Vigier, Jean-François
name: Dieste Blanco, O.
name: Vălu, O.
name: Walter, Olaf
name: Colineau, Eric
name: Martel, L.
name: Griveau, Jean-Christophe
name: Freis, Daniel
name: Konings, R. J. M.
name: Vitova, Tonya
name: Palina, Natalia
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022

description: Along with uranium dioxide, mixed oxides play an essential role as fuels for present or next generation nuclear reactors. Although their production has been studied extensively, the methods applied currently result in materials that are usually not homogeneous at an atomic scale. To improve the quality of the powders (homogeneity and sintering properties), the hydrothermal decomposition of oxalate method was investigated. 
Preliminary attempts for the (Th,Pu)O2, (Np,Pu)O2 and (Th,Np,Pu)O2 systems were reported elswhere. The procedure allowed the production of nanometric powders of U1-xPuxO2 solid solution in the full composition range. Partial oxidation of U(IV) to U(V) was observed, while plutonium was assumed to maintain its tetravalent oxidation state. Thanks to the low-temperature of the synthesis, such mixed oxides were used as reagents for the fabrication of more complicated systems. The aliovalent americium, which has a preference for the trivalent oxidation state, can be accommodated in the UO2 fluorite structure by charge compensation with U(V) only in limited amounts. Still, the feasibility of the method has been demonstrated for an Am-content relevant to transmutation fuels. Thus, U1-xAmxO2 (x = 0.1 and 0.2) and U0.75Pu0.20Am0.05 nanosized powders were produced by hydrothermal decomposition of the corresponding mixed oxalate. Typical oxidation states detected for the cations were U(IV)/U(V) for nanometric and sintered materials, respectively, where both exhibit mixed and Am(III)/Am(IV) oxidation state. Their sintering ability was tested and the volumetric expansion was measured by powder XRD as a function of storage time. A low swelling with no indications of amorphization has been derived over a period of four years.
ARKCoS: Artifact-Suppressed Accelerated Radial Kernel Convolution on the Sphere
Creators: name: Elsner, Franz
name: Wandelt, Benjamin D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a hybrid Fourier/direct space convolution algorithm for compact radial (azimuthally symmetric) kernels on the sphere. For high resolution maps covering a large fraction of the sky, our implementation takes advantage of the inexpensive massive parallelism afforded by consumer graphics processing units (GPUs). Applications involve modeling of instrumental beam shapes in terms of compact kernels, computation of fine-scale wavelet transformations, and optimal filtering for the detection of point sources. Our algorithm works for any pixelization where pixels are grouped into isolatitude rings. Even for kernels that are not bandwidth limited, ringing features are completely absent on an ECP grid. We demonstrate that they can be highly suppressed on the popular HEALPix pixelization, for which we develop a freely available implementation of the algorithm. As an example application, we show that running on a high-end consumer graphics card our method speeds up beam convolution for simulations of a characteristic Planck high frequency instrument channel by two orders of magnitude compared to the commonly used HEALPix implementation on one CPU core while maintaining at typical a fractional RMS accuracy of about 1 part in 10^5.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics. Replaced to match published version. Code can be downloaded at https://github.com/elsner/arkcos
Supplementary Material (Figures, Tables and Text) from The role of reservoir species in mediating plague's dynamic response to climate
Creators: name: Fell, Henry Gillies
name: Jones, Matthew
name: Atkinson, Steve
name: Stenseth, Nils Christian
name: Algar, Adam C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60302 Biogeography and Phylogeography

description: The distribution and transmission of Yersinia pestis, the bacterial agent of plague, responds dynamically to climate, both within wildlife reservoirs and human populations. The exact mechanisms mediating plague's response to climate are still poorly understood, particularly across large environmentally heterogeneous regions encompassing several reservoir species. A heterogeneous response to precipitation was observed in plague intensity across northern and southern China during the Third Pandemic. This has been attributed to the response of reservoir species in each region. We use environmental niche modelling and hindcasting methods to test the response of a broad range of reservoir species to precipitation. We find little support for the hypothesis that the response of reservoir species to precipitation mediated the impact of precipitation on plague intensity. We instead observed that precipitation variables were of limited importance in defining species niches and rarely showed the expected response to precipitation across northern and southern China. These findings do not suggest that precipitation–reservoir species dynamics never influence plague intensity but that instead, the response of reservoir species to precipitation across a single biome cannot be assumed and that limited numbers of reservoir species may have a disproportional impact upon plague intensity.
Multiple introductions of multidrug-resistant typhoid associated with acute infection and asymptomatic carriage, Kenya.
Creators: name: Kariuki, Samuel
name: Dyson, Zoe A
name: Mbae, Cecilia
name: Ngetich, Ronald
name: Kavai, Susan M
name: Wairimu, Celestine
name: Anyona, Stephen
name: Gitau, Naomi
name: Onsare, Robert Sanaya
name: Ongandi, Beatrice
name: Duchene, Sebastian
name: Ali, Mohamed
name: Clemens, John David
name: Holt, Kathryn E
name: Dougan, Gordon
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Children
subject: Infectious disease
subject: epidemiology
subject: Kenya
subject: Typhoid
subject: Global Health
subject: Carriage
subject: Multidrug-resistant
subject: S. Enterica Serovar Typhi
subject: H58 Lineages

description: BackgroundUnderstanding the dynamics of infection and carriage of typhoid in endemic settings is critical to finding solutions to prevention and control.MethodsIn a 3-year case-control study, we investigated typhoid among children aged <16 years (4670 febrile cases and 8549 age matched controls) living in an informal settlement, Nairobi, Kenya.Results148 S. Typhi isolates from cases and 95 from controls (stool culture) were identified; a carriage frequency of 1 %. Whole-genome sequencing showed 97% of cases and 88% of controls were genotype 4.3.1 (Haplotype 58), with the majority of each (76% and 88%) being multidrug-resistant strains in three sublineages of the H58 genotype (East Africa 1 (EA1), EA2, and EA3), with sequences from cases and carriers intermingled.ConclusionsThe high rate of multidrug-resistant H58 S. Typhi, and the close phylogenetic relationships between cases and controls, provides evidence for the role of carriers as a reservoir for the community spread of typhoid in this setting.FundingNational Institutes of Health (R01AI099525); Wellcome Trust (106158/Z/14/Z); European Commission (TyphiNET No 845681); National Institute for Health Research (NIHR); Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1175797).
Communicating expert consensus increases personal support for COVID-19 mitigation policies.
Creators: name: Kerr, John R
name: Van Der Linden, Sander
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: Funder: Science Foundation Ireland
description: The Gateway Belief Model (GBM) places perception of a scientific consensus as a key "gateway cognition" with cascading effects on personal beliefs, concern, and ultimately support for public policies. However, few studies seeking to evaluate and extend the model have followed the specification and design of the GBM as originally outlined. We present a more complete test of the theoretical model in a novel domain: the COVID-19 pandemic. In a large multi-country correlational study (N = 7,206) we report that, as hypothesized by the model, perceptions of scientific consensus regarding the threat of COVID-19 predict personal attitudes toward threat and worry over the virus, which are in turn positively associated with support for mitigation policies. We also find causal support for the model in a large pre-registered survey experiment (N = 1,856): experimentally induced increases in perceived consensus have an indirect effect on changes in policy support mediated via changes in personal agreement with the consensus. Implications for the role of expert consensus in science communication are discussed.
The Texas Poll: May, 1956
Creators: name: Belden Associates
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Food prices (1); gas prices (1); names of oil companies (10); best oil companies (2); purchasing gas (1); living in other states (1); President Dwight Eisenhower job performance (1); Governor Allan Shivers job performance (1); voter participation (1); National Democratic Convention attendance (1); presidential candidate preferences (7); governor candidate preferences (6); racially integrated schools (3); party affiliation (1); poll tax (1).
Impact of decreasing the proportion of higher energy foods and reducing portion sizes on food purchased in worksite cafeterias: A stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial.
Creators: name: Reynolds, James P
name: Ventsel, Minna
name: Kosīte, Daina
name: Rigby Dames, Brier
name: Brocklebank, Laura
name: Masterton, Sarah
name: Pechey, Emily
name: Pilling, Mark
name: Pechey, Rachel
name: Hollands, Gareth J
name: Marteau, Theresa M
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: BackgroundOverconsumption of energy from food is a major contributor to the high rates of overweight and obesity in many populations. There is growing evidence that interventions that target the food environment may be effective at reducing energy intake. The current study aimed to estimate the effect of decreasing the proportion of higher energy (kcal) foods, with and without reducing portion size, on energy purchased in worksite cafeterias.Methods and findingsThis stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluated 2 interventions: (i) availability: replacing higher energy products with lower energy products; and (ii) size: reducing the portion size of higher energy products. A total of 19 cafeterias were randomised to the order in which they introduced the 2 interventions. Availability was implemented first and maintained. Size was added to the availability intervention. Intervention categories included main meals, sides, cold drinks, snacks, and desserts. The study setting was worksite cafeterias located in distribution centres for a major United Kingdom supermarket and lasted for 25 weeks (May to November 2019). These cafeterias were used by 20,327 employees, mainly (96%) in manual occupations. The primary outcome was total energy (kcal) purchased from intervention categories per day. The secondary outcomes were energy (kcal) purchased from nonintervention categories per day, total energy purchased per day, and revenue. Regression models showed an overall reduction in energy purchased from intervention categories of -4.8% (95% CI -7.0% to -2.7%), p < 0.001 during the availability intervention period and a reduction of -11.5% (95% CI -13.7% to -9.3%), p < 0.001 during the availability plus size intervention period, relative to the baseline. There was a reduction in energy purchased of -6.6% (95% CI -7.9% to -5.4%), p < 0.001 during the availability plus size period, relative to availability alone. Study limitations include using energy purchased as the primary outcome (and not energy consumed) and the availability only of transaction-level sales data per site (and not individual-level data).ConclusionsDecreasing the proportion of higher energy foods in cafeterias reduced the energy purchased. Decreasing portion sizes reduced this further. These interventions, particularly in combination, may be effective as part of broader strategies to reduce overconsumption of energy from food in out-of-home settings.Trial registrationISRCTN registry ISRCTN87225572.
Genetic screening reveals phospholipid metabolism as a key regulator of the biosynthesis of the redox-active lipid coenzyme Q.
Creators: name: Ayer, Anita
name: Fazakerley, Daniel J
name: Suarna, Cacang
name: Maghzal, Ghassan J
name: Sheipouri, Diba
name: Lee, Kevin J
name: Bradley, Michelle C
name: Fernández-Del-Rio, Lucía
name: Tumanov, Sergey
name: Kong, Stephanie My
name: Van Der Veen, Jelske N
name: Yang, Andrian
name: Ho, Joshua W K
name: Clarke, Steven G
name: James, David E
name: Dawes, Ian W
name: Vance, Dennis E
name: Clarke, Catherine F
name: Jacobs, René L
name: Stocker, Roland
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Mitochondria
Reactive oxygen species
Coenzyme Q
Insulin resistance
S-Adenosylmethionine
S-adenosylhomocysteine
Pemt

description: Mitochondrial energy production and function rely on optimal concentrations of the essential redox-active lipid, coenzyme Q (CoQ). CoQ deficiency results in mitochondrial dysfunction associated with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and a range of pathologies. What drives CoQ deficiency in many of these pathologies is unknown, just as there currently is no effective therapeutic strategy to overcome CoQ deficiency in humans. To date, large-scale studies aimed at systematically interrogating endogenous systems that control CoQ biosynthesis and their potential utility to treat disease have not been carried out. Therefore, we developed a quantitative high-throughput method to determine CoQ concentrations in yeast cells. Applying this method to the Yeast Deletion Collection as a genome-wide screen, 30 genes not known previously to regulate cellular concentrations of CoQ were discovered. In combination with untargeted lipidomics and metabolomics, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) deficiency was confirmed as a positive regulator of CoQ synthesis, the first identified to date. Mechanistically, PEMT deficiency alters mitochondrial concentrations of one-carbon metabolites, characterized by an increase in the S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM-to-SAH) ratio that reflects mitochondrial methylation capacity, drives CoQ synthesis, and is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative stress. The newly described regulatory pathway appears evolutionary conserved, as ablation of PEMT using antisense oligonucleotides increases mitochondrial CoQ in mouse-derived adipocytes that translates to improved glucose utilization by these cells, and protection of mice from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Our studies reveal a previously unrecognized relationship between two spatially distinct lipid pathways with potential implications for the treatment of CoQ deficiencies, mitochondrial oxidative stress/dysfunction, and associated diseases.
Zero-Shot vs. Few-Shot Multi-Speaker TTS Using Pre-trained Czech SpeechT5 Model
Creators: name: Lehečka, Jan
name: Hanzlíček, Zdeněk
name: Matoušek, Jindřich
name: Tihelka, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we experimented with the SpeechT5 model pre-trained on large-scale datasets. We pre-trained the foundation model from scratch and fine-tuned it on a large-scale robust multi-speaker text-to-speech (TTS) task. We tested the model capabilities in a zero- and few-shot scenario. Based on two listening tests, we evaluated the synthetic audio quality and the similarity of how synthetic voices resemble real voices. Our results showed that the SpeechT5 model can generate a synthetic voice for any speaker using only one minute of the target speaker's data. We successfully demonstrated the high quality and similarity of our synthetic voices on publicly known Czech politicians and celebrities.
description: Accepted to TSD2024
Mechanistic insight into the chemical treatments of monolayer transition metal disulfides for photoluminescence enhancement
Creators: name: Li, Zhaojun
name: Bretscher, Hope
name: Zhang, Yunwei
name: Delport, Géraud
name: Xiao, James
name: Lee, Alpha
name: Stranks, Samuel D.
name: Rao, Akshay
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/639/301/1005/1007
/639/925/357/1018
/132
/140/125
/128
/140/146
/140/133
/119/118
article

description: Funder: RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000266
description: Funder: funding from the Royal society through a Newton international fellowship
description: Funder: the Winton programme for the physics of sustainability
description: Funder: The Royal society and Tata group. The Royal society funding through a Newton international fellowship. The Winton programme for the physics of sustainability.
description: Abstract: There is a growing interest in obtaining high quality monolayer transition metal disulfides for optoelectronic applications. Surface treatments using a range of chemicals have proven effective to improve the photoluminescence yield of these materials. However, the underlying mechanism for the photoluminescence enhancement is not clear, which prevents a rational design of passivation strategies. Here, a simple and effective approach to significantly enhance the photoluminescence is demonstrated by using a family of cation donors, which we show to be much more effective than commonly used p-dopants. We develop a detailed mechanistic picture for the action of these cation donors and demonstrate that one of them, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (Li-TFSI), enhances the photoluminescence of both MoS2 and WS2 to a level double that of the currently best performing super-acid trifluoromethanesulfonimide (H-TFSI) treatment. In addition, the ionic salts used in our treatments are compatible with greener solvents and are easier to handle than super-acids, providing the possibility of performing treatments during device fabrication. This work sets up rational selection rules for ionic chemicals to passivate transition metal disulfides and increases their potential in practical optoelectronic applications.
Bounds on Parity Violation In the Cosmological Redshift
Creators: name: Altschul, Brett
name: Mewes, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parity (P) violation in gravity would be a sure sign of new physics. We examine the possibility of P violation in the cosmological redshift. If right- and left-circularly polarized photons experience the redshift differently, the radiation from distant sources would tend to be depolarized, since the polarizations states would accumulate different phases during propagation. The resulting birefringence has an unusual signature--depending on z^2--quite unlike what is seen in other theories, including those with violation of local boost invariance. The observed broad-spectrum polarization of $γ$-ray bursts constrains the fractional difference between the right- and left-handed redshifts at the 6 x 10^(-37) level.
description: 9 pages
Exploring the factors associated with the mental health of frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus
Creators: name: Kapetanos, Konstantinos
name: Mazeri, Stella
name: Constantinou, Despo
name: Vavlitou, Anna
name: Karaiskakis, Marios
name: Kourouzidou, Demetra
name: Nikolaides, Christoforos
name: Savvidou, Niki
name: Katsouris, Savvas
name: Koliou, Maria
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences

description: Introduction: The spread of COVID-19 into a global pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of frontline healthcare-workers. This study is a multi-centre, cross-sectional epidemiological study that uses nationwide data to assess the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression and burnout among health care workers managing COVID-19 patients in Cyprus. The study also investigates the mechanism behind the manifestation of these pathologies, as to allow for the design of more effective protective measures. Methods: Data on the mental health status of the healthcare workers were collected from healthcare professionals from all over the nation, who worked directly with Covid patients. This was done via the use of 64-item, self-administered questionnaire, which was comprised of the DASS21 questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and a number of original questions. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate factors associated with each of the mental health measures. Results: The sample population was comprised of 381 healthcare professionals, out of which 72.7% were nursing staff, 12.9% were medical doctors and 14.4% belonged to other occupations. The prevalence of anxiety, stress and depression among the sample population were 28.6%, 18.11% and 15% respectively. The prevalence of burnout was 12.3%. This was in parallel with several changes in the lives of the healthcare professionals, including; working longer hours, spending time in isolation and being separated from family. Discussion: This study indicates that the mental health of a significant portion of the nation’s workforce is compromised and, therefore, highlights the need for an urgent intervention particularly since many countries, including Cyprus, are suffering a second wave of the pandemic. The identified risk factors should offer guidance for employers aiming to protect their frontline healthcare workers from the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pamiętnik z Tosy
Creators: name: Olszewski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 200312 Japanese Language
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Pierwsze polskie tłumaczenie "Tosa nikki" (935 r.) Ki no Tsurayukiego - utworu prekursorskiego dla japońskiego gatunku pamiętników/dzienników.
Transience and thermodynamic formalism for infinitely branched interval maps
Creators: name: Bruin, Henk
name: Todd, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a one-parameter family of countably piecewise linear interval maps, which, although Markov, fail the `large image property'. This leads to conservative as well as dissipative behaviour for different maps in the family with respect to Lebesgue. We investigate the transition between these two types, and study the associated thermodynamic formalism, describing in detail the second order phase transitions (i.e. the pressure function is $C^1$ but not $C^2$ at the phase transition) that occur in transition to dissipativity. We also study the various natural definitions of pressure which arise here, computing these using elementary recurrence relations.
description: Corrected the proof of the lower bound in Proposition 2 in the case $\lambda\leq 1/2$
High resolution X-ray spectra of the compact binary supersoft X-ray source CAL 87
Creators: name: Pei, Songpeng
name: Zhang, Xiaowan
name: Li, Qiang
name: Ou, Ziwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we present an analysis of the archival X-ray data of the eclipsing supersoft X-ray binary CAL 87 observed with the {\it Chandra} Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) camera and Low Energy Transmission Grating (LETG) in 2001 August and with {\it XMM-Newton} in 2003 April. The high resolution X-ray spectra are almost unchanged in the two different dates. The average unabsorbed X-ray luminosity during the exposure was 4.64$-$5.46$\times10^{36}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ in 2001 and 4.54$-$4.82 $\times10^{36}$ ergs s$^{-1}$ in 2003, with prominent and red-shifted emission lines, mostly of nitrogen, oxygen, iron and argon, contributing to at least 30\% of the X-ray flux. The continuum X-ray flux is at least an order of magnitude too small for a hot, hydrogen burning WD. However, the continuum flux is consistent with Thomson-scattering reflecting about 5\% of the light of a hydrogen burning WD with effective temperature of 800,000 K, and a mass of $\sim$ 1.2 M$_\odot$. It has been noted before that a large Thomson-scattering corona explains the X-ray eclipse of CAL 87, in which the eclipsed region is found to be of size the order of a solar radius. The emission lines originate in an even more extended region, beyond the eclipsed central X-ray source; the emission spectrum is very complex, with unusual line ratios.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted to A&A
Compensatory ion transport buffers daily protein rhythms to regulate osmotic balance and cellular physiology
Creators: name: Stangherlin, Alessandra
name: Watson, Joseph L.
name: Wong, David C. S.
name: Barbiero, Silvia
name: Zeng, Aiwei
name: Seinkmane, Estere
name: Chew, Sew Peak
name: Beale, Andrew D.
name: Hayter, Edward A.
name: Guna, Alina
name: Inglis, Alison J.
name: Putker, Marrit
name: Bartolami, Eline
name: Matile, Stefan
name: Lequeux, Nicolas
name: Pons, Thomas
name: Day, Jason
name: Van Ooijen, Gerben
name: Voorhees, Rebecca M.
name: Bechtold, David A.
name: Derivery, Emmanuel
name: Edgar, Rachel S.
name: Newham, Peter
name: O’Neill, John S.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/45/612/1248
/631/80/105
/631/443/592
/96/106
/14
/14/19
/82/58
/64/60
/9/30
article

description: Abstract: Between 6–20% of the cellular proteome is under circadian control and tunes mammalian cell function with daily environmental cycles. For cell viability, and to maintain volume within narrow limits, the daily variation in osmotic potential exerted by changes in the soluble proteome must be counterbalanced. The mechanisms and consequences of this osmotic compensation have not been investigated before. In cultured cells and in tissue we find that compensation involves electroneutral active transport of Na+, K+, and Cl− through differential activity of SLC12A family cotransporters. In cardiomyocytes ex vivo and in vivo, compensatory ion fluxes confer daily variation in electrical activity. Perturbation of soluble protein abundance has commensurate effects on ion composition and cellular function across the circadian cycle. Thus, circadian regulation of the proteome impacts ion homeostasis with substantial consequences for the physiology of electrically active cells such as cardiomyocytes.
Supplementary Material (Figures, Tables and Text) from The role of reservoir species in mediating plague's dynamic response to climate
Creators: name: Fell, Henry Gillies
name: Jones, Matthew
name: Atkinson, Steve
name: Stenseth, Nils Christian
name: Algar, Adam C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60302 Biogeography and Phylogeography

description: The distribution and transmission of Yersinia pestis, the bacterial agent of plague, responds dynamically to climate, both within wildlife reservoirs and human populations. The exact mechanisms mediating plagues response to climate are still poorly understood, particularly across large environmentally heterogeneous regions encompassing several reservoir species. A heterogeneous response to precipitation was observed in plague intensity across northern and southern China during the Third Pandemic. This has been attributed to the response of reservoir species in each region. We use environmental niche modelling and hindcasting methods to test the response of a broad range of reservoir species to precipitation. We find little support for the hypothesis that the response of reservoir species to precipitation mediated the impact of precipitation on plague intensity. We instead observed that precipitation variables were of limited importance in defining species niches and rarely showed the expected response to precipitation across northern and southern China. These findings do not suggest that precipitation–reservoir species dynamics never influence plague intensity but that instead, the response of reservoir species to precipitation across a single biome cannot be assumed and that limited numbers of reservoir species may have a disproportional impact upon plague intensity.
MPEC 2023-X214 : 2023 XG8
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XG8

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
HIgh-Noon States with High Flux of Photons Using coherent Beam Stimulated Non-Collinear Parametric Down Conversion
Creators: name: Kolkiran, Aziz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to reach high fidelity NOON states with a high count rate inside optical interferometers. Recently it has been shown that by mixing squeezed and coherent light at a beamsplitter it is possible to generate NOON states of arbitrary N with a fidelity as high as 94%. (Afek I. et al. Science 328, 879 (2010)). The scheme is based on higher order interference between "quantum" down-converted light and "classical" coherent light. However, this requires optimizing the amplitude ratio of classical to quantum light thereby limiting the overall count rate for the interferometric super-resolution signal. We propose using coherent-beam-stimulated non-collinear down converted light as input to the interferometer. Our scheme is based on stimulation of non-collinear parametric down conversion by two-mode coherent light. We have somehow a better flexibility of choosing the amplitude ratio in generating NOON states. This enables super-resolution intensity exceeding the previous scheme by many orders of magnitude. Therefore we hope to improve the magnitude of N-fold super-resolution in quantum interferometry for arbitrary N by using bright light sources. We give some results for N=4 and 5.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Reshape Dimensions Network for Speaker Recognition
Creators: name: Yakovlev, Ivan
name: Makarov, Rostislav
name: Balykin, Andrei
name: Malov, Pavel
name: Okhotnikov, Anton
name: Torgashov, Nikita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we present Reshape Dimensions Network (ReDimNet), a novel neural network architecture for extracting utterance-level speaker representations. Our approach leverages dimensionality reshaping of 2D feature maps to 1D signal representation and vice versa, enabling the joint usage of 1D and 2D blocks. We propose an original network topology that preserves the volume of channel-timestep-frequency outputs of 1D and 2D blocks, facilitating efficient residual feature maps aggregation. Moreover, ReDimNet is efficiently scalable, and we introduce a range of model sizes, varying from 1 to 15 M parameters and from 0.5 to 20 GMACs. Our experimental results demonstrate that ReDimNet achieves state-of-the-art performance in speaker recognition while reducing computational complexity and the number of model parameters.
description: Proceedings of Interspeech
An integrated machine learning approach for predicting the quantity and quality of mine waste rock drainage
Creators: name: Zhang, Can
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Prediction of mine waste rock drainage is essential to waste rock management. In this research, multiple machine learning algorithms were integrated to predict the quantity and quality of waste rock drainage with regional weather data as the inputs: a tree-based algorithm to predict the occurrence of spring freshet, and two recurrent neural network algorithms to predict drainage flow rates and contaminant concentrations. The tree-based algorithms evaluated were decision tree, random forest, and AdaBoost; and the recurrent neural networks used were long short-term memory and gated recurrent unit. The machine learning approach developed was applied to a case study mine located in North America. The chemical constituents of interest (COIs) studied in this research were nitrate and selenium. Data, including 17-21 years of drainage flow rates data and 10-19 years of contaminant concentrations data, from three monitoring stations at the mine were used for the model training and validation. The data in the last monitoring year of the available dataset were assigned to the test set and the remaining data were assigned to the training set. According to the performance of all candidate algorithms, the random forest was selected for the prediction of spring freshet and the long short-term memory and the gated recurrent unit were used for the prediction of drainage flow rates and contaminant concentrations. The random forest algorithm was able to predict the occurrence of spring freshet with an accuracy of 91-95%. The long short-term memory and gated recurrent unit were capable of making robust predictions of the drainage flow rates and the contaminants concentrations. Assuming no significant changes in mining activities, this general approach may be capable of predicting the future loading of contaminants given the relevant weather data.
A dysfunctional endolysosomal pathway common to two sub-types of demyelinating Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Creators: name: Edgar, James R.
name: Ho, Anita K.
name: Laurá, Matilde
name: Horvath, Rita
name: Reilly, Mary M.
name: Luzio, J. Paul
name: Roberts, Rhys C.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research
Charcot–Marie–Tooth
Peripheral neuropathy
LITAF
Endosome
Lysosome
Phosphoinositide

description: Abstract: Autosomal dominant mutations in LITAF are responsible for the rare demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1C (CMT1C). The LITAF protein is expressed in many human cell types and we have investigated the consequences of two different LITAF mutations in primary fibroblasts from CMT1C patients using confocal and electron microscopy. We observed the appearance of vacuolation/enlargement of late endocytic compartments (late endosomes and lysosomes). This vacuolation was also observed after knocking out LITAF from either control human fibroblasts or from the CMT1C patient-derived cells, consistent with it being the result of loss-of-function mutations in the CMT1C fibroblasts. The vacuolation was similar to that previously observed in fibroblasts from CMT4J patients, which have autosomal recessive mutations in FIG4. The FIG4 protein is a component of a phosphoinositide kinase complex that synthesises phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate on the limiting membrane of late endosomes. Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate activates the release of lysosomal Ca2+ through the cation channel TRPML1, which is required to maintain the homeostasis of endosomes and lysosomes in mammalian cells. We observed that a small molecule activator of TRPML1, ML-SA1, was able to rescue the vacuolation phenotype of LITAF knockout, FIG4 knockout and CMT1C patient fibroblasts. Our data describe the first cellular phenotype common to two different subtypes of demyelinating CMT and are consistent with LITAF and FIG4 functioning on a common endolysosomal pathway that is required to maintain the homeostasis of late endosomes and lysosomes. Although our experiments were on human fibroblasts, they have implications for our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and approaches to therapy in two subtypes of demyelinating Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease.
Development and Validation of a New Self-Report Measure of Maladaptive Overcontrol: Content Validity via Expert Judgement
Creators: name: Pires, Pedro
name: Winder, Belinda
name: Norman, Christine
name: Lambert, Alex
name: Hamilton, Laura
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Clinical Psychology
subject: overcontrol
subject: self-report
subject: psychometric
subject: content validity
subject: expert judgement
subject: measure
subject: scale development

description: This study has been conducted as part of a wider of developing and validating a new self-report measure of maladaptive overcontrol. The aim of the study was to establish content validity of the items developed in the previous stage using the expert judgement method.