cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 5 of A novel inverse membrane bioreactor for efficient bioconversion from methane gas to liquid methanol using a microbial gas-phase reaction
Creators: name: Chen, Yan-Yu
name: Ishikawa, Masahito
name: Hori, Katsutoshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 5: Consumption rates of CH4, consumption ratios of CH4, and conversion calculated from the data shown in Fig. 6a.
title: Seismic Evaluation Of Clark County Critical Bridges Using Nonlinear Static Procedures
Creators: name: Saad, Ahmad Said
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2009

description: Bridges are vital connective elements in community transportation systems. In the past, bridges have been severely damaged by earthquakes. However, with proper mitigation techniques, such as bridge retrofit, severe earthquake damage to bridges can be avoided. Since the 1970’s, design codes underwent major changes with regard to seismic analysis and design provisions of structures and bridges. Meanwhile, one third of the nation’s 600,000 inventoried highway bridges are considered as either structurally deficient or functionally obsolete.
This study is a part of the “Earthquakes in Southern Nevada” project. Earlier in this project, buildings and bridges in southern Nevada were studied in order to prioritize their need for rehabilitation. This prioritization was based on a risk assessment that combines both vulnerability and importance. In this study, bridges with the highest risk scores were structurally evaluated against earthquake loads using performance-based approach. Performance-based approach was chosen for the evaluation process of the bridges as it had been recognized as an efficient and practical procedure to perform analysis and evaluation of structures. A nonlinear static procedure, specified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, was used in the evaluation process. This procedure was modified by AlAyed (2002) for the applicability to bridges rather than buildings.
The Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) level was used for the evaluation of five bridges. Seismic loads were applied in two horizontal directions of each bridge: transverse and longitudinal directions. Nonlinear behavior of the bridge substructure components (columns) were evaluated and compared to the acceptance criteria. The acceptance criteria of the bridges set in this study was the Immediate Occupancy performance level, as these bridges are of high importance and are expected to be fully operational maintaining the pre-earthquake strength and stiffness of their components. Most of the evaluated bridges violated the acceptance criteria under the aforementioned level of earthquake in one or more of the analysis cases. The main two deficiencies identified in these five bridges were: (1) the insufficient flexural capacity of some columns at the plastic hinge regions and (2) the inadequate development lengths provided in the longitudinal reinforcement of the columns, either at the lap splice locations or at the beam-column joints.
Response of Two-dimensional Kinetic Ising Model under Stochastic Field
Creators: name: Ghosh, Asim
name: Chakrabarti, Bikas K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, using Monte Carlo dynamics, the time ($t$) dependent average magnetization per spin $m(t)$ behavior of 2-D kinetic Ising model under a binary ($\pm h_0$) stochastic field $h(t)$. The time dependence of the stochastic field is such that its average over each successive time interval $τ$ is assured to be zero (without any fluctuation). The average magnetization $Q=(1/τ)\int_{0}^τ m(t) dt$ is considered as order parameter of the system. The phase diagram in ($h_0,τ$) plane is obtained. Fluctuations in order parameter and their scaling properties are studied across the phase boundary. These studies indicate that the nature of the transition is Ising like (static Ising universality class) for field amplitudes $h_0$ below some threshold value $h_0^c(τ)$ (dependent on $τ$ values; $h_0^c\rightarrow0$ as $τ\rightarrow\infty$ across the phase boundary) . Beyond these $h_0^c (τ)$, the transition is no longer continuous.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in JSTAT
Deterministic Photon Pairs via Coherent Optical Control of a Single Quantum Dot
Creators: name: Jayakumar, Harishankar
name: Predojević, Ana
name: Huber, Tobias
name: Kauten, Thomas
name: Solomon, Glenn S.
name: Weihs, Gregor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong confinement of semiconductor excitons in a quantum dot gives rise to atom-like behavior. The full benefit of such a structure is best observed in resonant excitation where the excited state can be deterministically populated and coherently manipulated. Due to large refractive index and device geometry it remains challenging to observe resonantly excited emission that is free from laser scattering in III/V self-assembled quantum dots. Here we exploit the biexciton binding energy to create an extremely clean single photon source via two-photon resonant excitation of an InAs/GaAs quantum dot. We observe complete suppression of the excitation laser and multi-photon emissions. Additionally, we perform full coherent control of the ground-biexciton state qubit and observe an extended coherence time using an all-optical echo technique. The deterministic coherent photon pair creation makes this system suitable for the generation of time-bin entanglement and experiments on the interaction of photons from dissimilar sources.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
title: Accurate circuit model for predicting the performance of lead-acid AGM batteries
Creators: name: Peng, Wenxin
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2011

description: Energy storage technologies are becoming of great importance in many modern electrical systems. In particular, electrochemical batteries are rapidly gaining wide-spread application in transportation systems as well as in the electric utility sector, where they provide a means to convert non-dispatchable renewable resources into dispatchable generation sources. Hence, accurate battery models are needed during the design stage of such systems to forecast future performance.
A variety of models with a varying degree of complexity and accuracy currently exist that predict battery behavior. In the proposed paper, an existing battery model is modified to account for some battery irregularities while maintaining simplicity is proposed to represent a sealed AGM battery. The model consists of controlled sources, resistors, and capacitors. The nonlinear relationship between the State of Charge (SOC) and the open circuit voltage (VOC) of the battery is accounted for. The values of the circuit parameters are derived using the curves provided in the manufacturer's data sheet as well as some simple laboratory tests on a 12 V, 89 Ah battery.
A comparison between the measured and simulated (using Matlab/Simulink) responses to various charge/discharge cycles shows a comfortable degree of accuracy of the proposed battery model.
Pooling single-cell recordings: Scalable inference through heterogeneous kinetics
Creators: name: Zechner, Christoph
name: Unger, Michael
name: Pelet, Serge
name: Peter, Matthias
name: Koeppl, Heinz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Mathematical methods together with measurements of single-cell dynamics provide unprecedented means to reconstruct intracellular processes that are only partly or indirectly accessible experimentally. To obtain reliable reconstructions the pooling of measurements from several cells of a clonal population is mandatory. The population's considerable cell-to-cell variability originating from diverse sources poses novel computational challenges for process reconstruction. We introduce an exact Bayesian inference framework that properly accounts for the population heterogeneity but also retains scalability with respect to the number of pooled cells. The key ingredient is a stochastic process that captures the heterogeneous kinetics of a population. The method allows to infer inaccessible molecular states, kinetic parameters, compute Bayes factors and to dissect intrinsic, extrinsic and technical contributions to the variability in the data. We also show how additional single-cell readouts such as morphological features can be included into the analysis. We then reconstruct the expression dynamics of a gene under an inducible GAL1 promoter in yeast from time-lapse microscopy data. Based on Bayesian model selection the data yields no evidence of a refractory period for this promoter.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, peer-reviewed/edited journal version available at Nature Methods: http://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/nmeth.2794.html
En ny Vise
Creators: name: Lund, Niels Christophersen
Publisher: name: F. Steens Enke
Year: 0
Subjects: Fengselsstraff
Forbrytere

description: Førstelinje: Nu vil jeg dig berette, hvorledes det tilstaaer:.
description: Innhold: 23 vers, på 2 blad.
description: Melodi: Kong Ring sad glad i Høibænk etc.
description: På siste side står det: "Drammens Raadstuearrest i Oktober 1845". Visen handler om hendelser fra 1845, men F. Steens enke tok ikke over trykkeriet før hans død i 1856. Mulig gjentrykk.
title: Ampullary adenoma: a rare cause of duodeno-duodenal intussusception
Creators: name: Patil, Gangadhar C
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Abdominal imaging
subject: Abdomen
subject: Small bowel
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 65-year-old female patient presented with complaints of worsening cramping abdominal pain and vomiting for one month. On abdominal examination, a palpable mass was felt in the epigastric region. Her vitals and lab investigations were within normal limits.

description: 65 years, female
Intestinal stem cell niche: The extracellular matrix and cellular components
Creators: name: Meran, Laween
name: Baulies, Anna
name: Li, Vivian SW
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: Tumour Biology
Signalling & Oncogenes
Developmental Biology
Human Biology & Physiology
Stem Cells

description: The intestinal epithelium comprises a monolayer of polarised columnar cells organised along the crypt-villus axis. Intestinal stem cells reside at the base of crypts and are constantly nourished by their surrounding niche for maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation. The cellular microenvironment including the adjacent Paneth cells, stromal cells, smooth muscle cells, and neural cells as well as the extracellular matrix together constitute the intestinal stem cell niche. A dynamic regulatory network exists among the epithelium, stromal cells, and the matrix via complex signal transduction to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these biological or mechanical signals could potentially lead to intestinal injury and disease. In this review, we discuss the role of different intestinal stem cell niche components and dissect the interaction between dynamic matrix factors and regulatory signalling during intestinal stem cell homeostasis.
Krigerens Farvel
Creators: name: Andresen, P.
Publisher: name: J. C. Abelsted
Year: 0
Subjects: Soldater
Krig

description: Førstelinje: Farvel mit kjære Fædreland.
description: Innhold: 5 vers, på 1 blad.
description: Melodi: Høit lyder Bedeklokkens Slag
Fan Loyalty and Motivation
Creators: name: Mays, Jason
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2012

description:  Purpose Statement:  The purpose of this professional paper is to review psychological and marketing theory and research to explain what motivates an individual to become a highly identified loyal fan of a sports team. Implications for professional practice and future research will be presented.
 Justification:  Understanding what motivates a fan to become a highly identified fan is important to a team manager because fans are the primary revenue source of a team. The fundamental goal of marketing managers is to create repeat customers (brand loyalty) (Fortunato, 2006) and loyal fans represent most repeat customers. An organizations brand is critical in creating a constant revenue stream from its consumers. Reaching the consumer is at the heart of most, if not all, branding principles. A great strategy for managers is to 'Drive sports consumers'preferences and loyalty [by building] strong, positive, and unique consumer beliefs about [their organization], in other words, [constructing] a strong brand image (Bauer, Stokburger-Sauer, & Exler, 2008, p.206). A strong brand image has a considerable impact on consumers brand loyalty. Having a consistent brand management strategy allows organizations to create an increase in their overall value (Fortunato, 2006). That value is turned into revenue for the team or institution.
Tvende aandlige Viser, forfattede af en Fange, ved Navn Paul Larsen Bjørnstad. i Ringsagers Præstegjæld paa Hedemarken
Creators: name: Bjørnstad, Paul Larsen
Publisher: name: F. Steens Enke
Year: 0

description: Innhold: 2 blad.
description: Innhold: [1] Paarørende Venner, jeg skriver en Sang. [2] O Herre, tungt jeg spørge maa.
Additional file 7 of A novel inverse membrane bioreactor for efficient bioconversion from methane gas to liquid methanol using a microbial gas-phase reaction
Creators: name: Chen, Yan-Yu
name: Ishikawa, Masahito
name: Hori, Katsutoshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 7: In a 25 mL gas chamber, (a) the profile of velocity magnitude on the XZ plane; and (b) the 3-D profile of the gas flow when the velocity magnitude is higher than 2 mm min-1. In a 2.5 mL gas chamber, (c) the profile of velocity magnitude on the XZ plane; (d) the 3-D profile of the gas flow when the velocity magnitude is higher than 2 mm min-1. The arrows are velocity vectors indicating the direction of the gas flow. The dashed circle indicates the region at a velocity slower than 2 mm min-1. The flow dynamics in the gas chamber were simulated by Autodesk CFD 2019. The material was set as an incompressible flow composed of 20% CH4 and 80% air at 101325 Pa and 315.15 K. The boundary conditions were a volume flow rate of 1 cm3 min-1 with a fully developed flow at the inlet and a gauge pressure of 0 Pa at the outlet. The mesh size of the model was set by automatic sizing with a minimum refinement length of 0.1 mm. The model was solved by the advection mode of ADV 1 (monotone streamline upwind) in a laminar state without heat transfer. The velocity magnitude is normalized in the range from 0 to 5 mm min-1. A velocity higher than 5 mm min-1 is included in red.
O Herre, tungt jeg spørge maa
Creators: name: Bjørnstad, Paul Larsen
Publisher: name: F. Steens Enke
Year: 0
Subjects: Religion

description: Førstelinje: O Herre, tungt jeg spørge maa.
description: Innhold: 10 vers.
description: Inngår i trykk: Tvende aandlige Viser, forfattede af en Fange, ved Navn Paul Larsen Bjørnstad. i Ringsagers Præstegjæld paa Hedemarken [2]
Paarørende Venner, jeg skriver en Sang
Creators: name: Bjørnstad, Paul Larsen
Publisher: name: F. Steens Enke
Year: 0
Subjects: Religion

description: Førstelinje: Paarørende Venner, jeg skriver en Sang.
description: Innhold: 19 vers.
description: Melodi: En Ting jeg vil melde, som nylig har hendt
description: Inngår i trykk: Tvende aandlige Viser, forfattede af en Fange, ved Navn Paul Larsen Bjørnstad. i Ringsagers Præstegjæld paa Hedemarken [1]
SinnL-Levumi N6 - Tests zum sinnkonstruierenden Lesen als Lernverlaufsdiagnostik – „Sinnkonstruierendes Satzlesen“ der Onlineplattform www.levumi.de
Creators: name: Jungjohann, Jana
name: Gebhardt, Markus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Leseverständnis, Test, Lesen, Lesetest, Satzlesen, Förderschule, Sekundarschule, Lernverlaufsdiagnostik
subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Für die Onlineplattform www.levumi.de (Gebhardt et al., 2016) sind konstruktbasierte Tests zur Messung des sinnkonstruierenden Lesens auf Satzbasis bislang auf drei verschiedenen Ni-veaustufen entwickelt worden. Die Testkonstruktion und die Itempools der Niveaustufen N2 und N4 (Schwerpunkt Grundschule) sind bereits Open Access veröffentlicht (Jungjohann & Gebhardt, 2019). Die Testkonstruktion der Niveaustufe N6 (Schwerpunkt Sekundarstufe I) so-wie der dazugehörige Itempool werden hier vorgestellt. Alle Tests zum sinnkonstruierenden Satzlesen sind als schülerzentrierte Speedtests (Rost, 2004) mit einer Durchführungszeit von fünf Minuten konstruiert. Die Itemkonstruktion orientiert sich an verschiedenen syntaktischen Strukturen des Deutschen. Jedes Item besteht aus ein bis zwei Sätzen, welche stets eine inhalt-liche Lücke aufweist. Die Aufgabe besteht darin, mithilfe von vier Auswahlwörtern (1x kor-rektes Zielwort, 3x falsche Ablenker) die Lücke sinnvoll zu füllen. Für die Niveaustufe N6 gibt es in diesem Dokument eine druckbare Papierversion.
3 smukke Sange
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Trykkeri: H.E. Larsens Bogtrykkeri, Christiania
Year: 0

description: Innhold: 2 blad.
description: Innhold: [1] En Sørgesang. [2] Den danske Pige i Amerika. [3] Sang i Nøden.
Complete Set of Homogeneous Isotropic Analytic Solutions in Scalar-Tensor Cosmology with Radiation and Curvature
Creators: name: Bars, Itzhak
name: Chen, Shih-Hung
name: Steinhardt, Paul J.
name: Turok, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model of a scalar field minimally coupled to gravity, with a specific potential energy for the scalar field, and include curvature and radiation as two additional parameters. Our goal is to obtain analytically the complete set of configurations of a homogeneous and isotropic universe as a function of time. This leads to a geodesically complete description of the universe, including the passage through the cosmological singularities, at the classical level. We give all the solutions analytically without any restrictions on the parameter space of the model or initial values of the fields. We find that for generic solutions the universe goes through a singular (zero-size) bounce by entering a period of antigravity at each big crunch and exiting from it at the following big bang. This happens cyclically again and again without violating the null energy condition. There is a special subset of geodesically complete non-generic solutions which perform zero-size bounces without ever entering the antigravity regime in all cycles. For these, initial values of the fields are synchronized and quantized but the parameters of the model are not restricted. There is also a subset of spatial curvature-induced solutions that have finite-size bounces in the gravity regime and never enter the antigravity phase. These exist only within a small continuous domain of parameter space without fine tuning initial conditions. To obtain these results, we identified 25 regions of a 6-parameter space in which the complete set of analytic solutions are explicitly obtained.
description: 38 pages, 29 figures
Sang i Nøden
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Trykkeri: H.E. Larsens Bogtrykkeri, Christiania
Year: 0
Subjects: Alderdom
Moral
Religion

description: Førstelinje: I Lykkens Smil er Vennerne saa mange.
description: Innhold: 6 vers.
description: Melodi: Tænk, naar engang den Taage er forsvunden
description: Inngår i trykk: 3 smukke Sange [3]
Den danske Pige i Amerika
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Trykkeri: H.E. Larsens Bogtrykkeri, Christiania
Year: 0
Subjects: Emigrasjon

description: Førstelinje: Jeg vandrer ved Søen i stille Aftenstund.
description: Innhold: 4 vers.
description: Melodi: En deilig ung Ridder i Lunden mon gaa
description: Inngår i trykk: 3 smukke Sange [2]
A Quantum Model for the Ellsberg and Machina Paradoxes
Creators: name: Aerts, Diederik
name: Sozzo, Sandro
name: Tapia, Jocelyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ellsberg and Machina paradoxes reveal that expected utility theory is problematical when real subjects take decisions under uncertainty. Suitable generalizations of expected utility exist which attempt to solve the Ellsberg paradox, but none of them provides a satisfactory solution of the Machina paradox. In this paper we elaborate a quantum model in Hilbert space describing the Ellsberg situation and also the Machina situation, and show that we can model the specific aspect of the Machina situation that is unable to be modeled within the existing generalizations of expected utility.
description: 10 pages
En ny Vise om Badet paa Eidsvold og Gjeitungen, som blev døbt der
Creators: name: [Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne]
Publisher: name: A. Halvorsen, Trykkeri: A. Halvorsen, Christiania
Year: 0
Subjects: Humor

description: Førstelinje: Paa Eidsvold ved Mjøsa der er nu et Ba'.
description: Innhold: 16 vers, på 2 blad.
description: Melodi: "I rykande Uvær i fykande Vind"
En ny og fornøielig Vise om Jomfru Albertine og Ridder Krohg, til Advarsel for unge Mennesker af begge Kjøn
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: G.B. Strøm
Year: 0
Subjects: Humor
Flørt

description: Førstelinje: Her sker jo saa tidt smaa Mirakler paa Jord.
description: Innhold: 19 vers, på 2 blad.
description: Melodi: Ta' i aa dra'
En ny Vise om en forunderlig Fisk, der har viist sig i Marseille i Frankrige
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Trykkeri: F. Steen, Christiania
Year: 0
Subjects: Religion
Overtro
Dyr
Krig
Katastrofer
Nyheter

description: Førstelinje: O Menneske du gjør nu bod.
description: Innhold: 18 vers, på 2 blad.
description: Melodi: O, kjære Sjel frygt aldrig meer
Predicting hearing aid use in adults: the Beaver Dam Offspring Study
Creators: name: Dillard, Lauren K.
name: Cochran, Amy L.
name: Pinto, Alex
name: Fowler, Cynthia G.
name: Fischer, Mary E.
name: Tweed, Ted S.
name: Cruickshanks, Karen J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The purpose of this study was to (i) develop a model that predicts hearing aid (HA) use and (ii) determine if model fit is improved by adding factors not typically collected in audiological evaluations. Two models were created and evaluated. The “clinical” model used factors typically collected during audiologic clinical evaluations. The “expanded” model considered additional clinical, health and lifestyle factors to determine if the model fit could be improved (compared to clinical model). Models were created with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression with 10-fold cross validation. Predictive ability was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curves and concordance statistics (c-statistics). This study included 275 participants from the Beaver Dam Offspring Study, a prospective longitudinal cohort study of aging, with a treatable level of hearing loss and no HA use at baseline. The clinical and expanded models report predictors important for HA use. The c-statistics of the clinical (0.80) and expanded (0.79) models were not significantly different (p = 0.41). Similar predictive abilities of models suggest audiological evaluations perform well in predicting HA use.
Global solutions to regional problems: Collecting global expertise to address the problem of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. A Lake Erie case study
Creators: name: Ho, Jeff C.
name: Ortiz, Joseph D.
name: Davis, Timothy W.
name: Bullerjahn, George S.
name: Otten, Timothy G.
name: Paerl, Hans W.
name: Doucette, Gregory J.
name: Michalak, Anna M.
name: Stumpf, Richard P.
name: Kurmayer, Rainer
name: Qin, Boqiang
name: Sohngen, Brent L.
name: McKay, Robert M.
name: Boyer, Gregory L.
name: Irwin, Elena G.
name: Baker, David B.
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Visser, Petra M.
name: Kudela, Raphael M.
name: D'Anglada, Lesley V.
name: Wilhelm, Steven W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: In early August 2014, the municipality of Toledo, OH (USA) issued a ‘do not drink’ advisory on their water supply directly affecting over 400,000 residential customers and hundreds of businesses (Wilson, 2014). This order was attributable to levels of microcystin, a potent liver toxin, which rose to 2.5 μg L-1 in finished drinking water. The Toledo crisis afforded an opportunity to bring together scientists from around the world to share ideas regarding factors that contribute to bloom formation and toxigenicity, bloom and toxin detection as well as prevention and remediation of bloom events. These discussions took place at an NSF- and NOAA-sponsored workshop at Bowling Green State University on April 13 and 14, 2015. In all, more than 100 attendees from six countries and 15 US states gathered together to share their perspectives. The purpose of this review is to present the consensus summary of these issues that emerged from discussions at the Workshop. As additional reports in this special issue provide detailed reviews on many major CHAB species, this paper focuses on the general themes common to all blooms, such as bloom detection, modeling, nutrient loading, and strategies to reduce nutrients.
Flux formulation of DFT on group manifolds and generalized Scherk-Schwarz compactifications
Creators: name: du Bosque, Pascal
name: Hassler, Falk
name: Lüst, Dieter
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: A flux formulation of Double Field Theory on group manifold is derived and applied to study generalized Scherk-Schwarz compactifications, which give rise to a bosonic subsector of half-maximal, electrically gauged supergravities. In contrast to the flux formulation of original DFT, the covariant fluxes split into a fluctuation and a background part. The latter is connected to a 2D-dimensional, pseudo Riemannian manifold, which is isomorphic to a Lie group embedded into O(D, D). All fields and parameters of generalized diffeomorphisms are supported on this manifold, whose metric is spanned by the background vielbein E-A(I) is an element of GL(2 D). This vielbein takes the role of the twist in conventional generalized Scherk-Schwarz compactifications. By doing so, it solves the long standing problem of constructing an appropriate twist for each solution of the embedding tensor. Using the geometric structure, absent in original DFT, E-A(I) is identified with the left invariant Maurer-Cartan form on the group manifold, in the same way as it is done in geometric Scherk-Schwarz reductions. We show in detail how the Maurer-Cartan form for semisimple and solvable Lie groups is constructed starting from the Lie algebra. For all compact embeddings in O(3, 3), we calculate E-A(I).
Vaxjo Interpretation of Wave Function: 2012
Creators: name: Khrennikov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the problem of interpretation of the wave function. The latest version of the Växjö interpretation is presented. It differs essentially from the original Växjö interpretation (2001). The main distinguishing feature of the present Växjö interpretation is the combination of realism on the subquantum level with nonobjectivity of quantum observables (i.e., impossibility to assign their values before measurements). Hence, realism is destroyed by detectors transforming continuous subquantum reality into discrete events, clicks of detectors. The Växjö interpretation-2012 is fundamentally contextual in the sense that the value of an observable depends on measurement context. This is contextuality in Bohr's sense. It is more general than Bell's contextuality based on joint measurements of compatible observables.
description: To be published in conference proceedings, Quantum Theory:Reconsideration of Foundations-6, Vaxjo, June 2012, American Institute of Physics
Dimension reduction for elastoplastic rods and homogenization of elastoplastic lattices
Creators: name: Poelstra, Klaas Hendrik
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Partial differential equations
subject: Elastoplasticity
subject: Dimension reduction
subject: Homogenization
subject: 510
subject: Partielle Differentialgleichung
subject: Elastoplastizität
subject: Dimensionsreduktion
subject: Homogenisierung

description: We derive effective equations for periodic lattices of linearly elastoplastic rods in the limit of both infinitesimal periodicity and infinitesimal relative width of the rods. For this derivation we use the method of evolutionary Γ-convergence for quadratic rate-independent systems. As a first step towards this goal we derive effective equations for a single rod. After introducing appropriate scalings, the main difficulty lies in the proof of Γ-convergence for the stored energy. For the study of periodic lattices we then introduce the notion of periodic graph frameworks, discuss infinitesimal rigidity properties of such frameworks and define a notion of two-scale convergence. The stored energy of a lattice of rods ist just the sum of the energies of the individual rods, coupled by boundary conditions at the nodes. For this energy we again prove Γ-convergence. In the presence of volume loads we observe qualitatively different behaviour depending on the relative rate of convergence of the periodicity parameter and the thickness parameter.
Intrinsic uncertainty on the nature of dark energy
Creators: name: Valkenburg, Wessel
name: Kunz, Martin
name: Marra, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that there is an intrinsic noise on measurements of the equation of state parameter $w=p/ρ$ from large-scale structure around us. The presence of the large-scale structure leads to an ambiguity in the definition of the background universe and thus there is a maximal precision with which we can determine the equation of state of dark energy. To study the uncertainty due to local structure, we model density perturbations stemming from a standard inflationary power spectrum by means of the exact Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi solution of Einstein's equation, and show that the usual distribution of matter inhomogeneities in a $Λ$CDM cosmology causes a variation of $w$ -- as inferred from distance measures -- of several percent. As we observe only one universe, or equivalently because of the cosmic variance, this uncertainty is systematic in nature.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. Version as accepted for publication in Physics of the Dark Universe (Open Access)
En lystelig Vise om hvorlunde Magistraten udi Abderiternes Hovedstad løb lybsk paa den alfare Landevei
Creators: name: (:Unas)
Publisher: name: Trykkeri: W. Kirkgaards Officin, Christiania
Year: 0
Subjects: Humor

description: Førstelinje: Som oftest peent og roligt gaaer vor elskte Magistrat.
description: Innhold: 3 vers, på 2 blad.
description: Melodi: Die Eisenbahn-Dampf-Galopp
`Soft-Oxo-Metalates' (SOMs): A Very Short Introduction
Creators: name: Roy, Soumyajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of polyoxometalates (POMs), in recent times, has entered a new arena of 'soft'-supramolecular interactions, crossing the molecular regime of covalent bonds. The structures resulting from such 'soft'-supramolecular interactions are much larger (~10-500 nm in diameter) showing soft-matter properties. This comment proposes to name them 'Soft' Oxometalates. The comment after introducing and archiving seminal examples of Soft Oxometalates, gives few examples from the author's work where Soft Oxometalates are generated spontaneously and those designed by deliberate chemical reactions (also followed by very few selected examples from the literature). The comment ends with an open question: are all POMs soft?
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, A review article
Host cell restriction factors that limit transcription and replication of human papillomavirus
Creators: name: Stepp, Wesley H.
name: Porter, Samuel S.
name: McBride, Alison A.
name: Stamos, James D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The life cycle of human papillomaviruses (HPV) is tightly regulated by the differentiation state of mucosal and cutaneous keratinocytes. To counteract viral infection, constitutively expressed cellular factors, which are defined herein as restriction factors, directly mitigate viral gene expression and replication. In turn, some HPV gene products target these restriction factors and abrogate their anti-viral effects to establish efficient gene expression and replication programs. Ironically, in certain circumstances, this delicate counterbalance between viral gene products and restriction factors facilitates persistent infection by HPVs. This review serves to recapitulate the current knowledge of nuclear restriction factors that directly affect the HPV infectious cycle.
Support Vector Hazards Machine: A Counting Process Framework for Learning Risk Scores for Censored Outcomes
Creators: name: Wang, Yuanjia
name: Chen, Tianle
name: Zeng, Donglin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Learning risk scores to predict dichotomous or continuous outcomes using machine learning approaches has been studied extensively. However, how to learn risk scores for time-to-event outcomes subject to right censoring has received little attention until recently. Existing approaches rely on inverse probability weighting or rank-based regression, which may be inefficient. In this paper, we develop a new support vector hazards machine (SVHM) approach to predict censored outcomes. Our method is based on predicting the counting process associated with the time-to-event outcomes among subjects at risk via a series of support vector machines. Introducing counting processes to represent time-to-event data leads to a connection between support vector machines in supervised learning and hazards regression in standard survival analysis. To account for different at risk populations at observed event times, a time-varying offset is used in estimating risk scores. The resulting optimization is a convex quadratic programming problem that can easily incorporate non-linearity using kernel trick. We demonstrate an interesting link from the profiled empirical risk function of SVHM to the Cox partial likelihood. We then formally show that SVHM is optimal in discriminating covariate-specific hazard function from population average hazard function, and establish the consistency and learning rate of the predicted risk using the estimated risk scores. Simulation studies show improved prediction accuracy of the event times using SVHM compared to existing machine learning methods and standard conventional approaches. Finally, we analyze two real world biomedical study data where we use clinical markers and neuroimaging biomarkers to predict age-at-onset of a disease, and demonstrate superiority of SVHM in distinguishing high risk versus low risk subjects.
title: Comparison of design-build and design-bid-build performance of public university projects
Creators: name: Fernane, James David
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2011

description: With an unsure market and scarce work, owners across the United States, especially universities, are finding themselves in situations where they are unable to complete their projects within cost and schedule using the traditional delivery method: Design-Bid-Build (DBB). Under the DBB project delivery method, many competent contractors are electing to send low bids on projects just to keep work on their books, with plans to receive change orders once the project is underway; this practice is leading to cost and schedule overruns. Public universities across the United States are beginning to elect to use Design-Build (DB) as an alternate project delivery method over the traditional project delivery method of DBB in order to aid in reducing the cost, schedule, and change orders.
Due to current legislation in effect, all 50 states are able to use the DB delivery method. However, only 20 states and their public agencies are permitted to use DB for all types of design and construction projects. In 18 states, DB is widely permitted, but not all agencies are permitted to use this delivery method. In the remaining 12 states, DB is a limited option.
In order to analyze and compare Design-Build (DB) and Design-Bid-Build (DBB) projects, this study collected data, by means of convenient random sampling, from construction projects built by Planning and Construction Departments of U.S. universities. Statistical tests were conducted to determine if the metrics related to cost, schedule, and change orders were significantly different from each other in these two types of projects.
The findings of this study will help public universities decide what delivery method is best for them in terms of controlling costs, schedule, and change orders. The results showed that DB projects significantly outperformed DBB projects in terms of Contract Award Cost Growth, Design and Construction Schedule Growth, Total Schedule Growth, Construction Intensity, Construction Change Order Cost Growth, and Total Change Order Cost Growth.
Additional file 1 of Impact of COVID-related policies on gunshot wound assault hospitalizations in the United States: a statewide time series analysis
Creators: name: Strassle, Paula D.
name: Ko, Jamie S.
name: Ponder, Madison
name: Nápoles, Anna María
name: Kinlaw, Alan C.
name: Schiro, Sharon E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Table S1 Dates and descriptions of COVID-19 executive orders in North Carolina. Bolded orders are ones included in analyses. Table S2. Demographics and clinical characteristics among GSW assault hospitalizations included in the North Carolina Trauma Registry, 2019-2020, stratified by race/ethnicity. Table S3 Demographics and clinical characteristics among male GSW assault hospitalizations included in the North Carolina Trauma Registry, 2019-2020, stratified by age. Due to small counts (n=23), males ≥65 years old are not included. Table S4 Demographics and clinical characteristics among all assault hospitalizations included in the North Carolina Trauma Registry, 2019-2020, stratified by year. Table S5 Segmented linear regression modeling results for GSW assault hospitalization rates, stratified by race/ethnicity. Table S6 Segmented linear regression modeling results for GSW assault hospitalization rates among males, stratified by age. Table S7 Segmented linear regression modeling results for non-GSW assault hospitalization rates, stratified by race/ethnicity. Table S8. Segmented linear regression modeling results for non-GSW assault hospitalization rates among males, stratified by age. Fig. S1 Weekly non-gunshot wound assault hospitalizations (e.g., struck with object) per 1,000,000 North Carolina residents, 2019-2020, stratified by A) race/ethnicity and B) age, among men only. The black lines represent the timing of the four executive orders assessed in the analyses (U.S. declares public health emergency, North Carolina statewide Stay-at-Home order, statewide Phase 2: Safer-at-Home order, and statewide Phase 2.5: Safer-at-Home order); gray lines represent the time of the other COVID-related executive orders. Weekly trend changes in bold are statistically significant (p<0.05).
Evidence for Grain Growth in Molecular Clouds: A Bayesian Examination of the Extinction Law in Perseus
Creators: name: Foster, Jonathan B.
name: Mandel, Kaisey S.
name: Pineda, Jaime E.
name: Covey, Kevin R.
name: Arce, Héctor G.
name: Goodman, Alyssa A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the shape of the extinction law in two 1-degree square fields of the Perseus Molecular Cloud complex. We combine deep red-optical (r, i, and z-band) observations obtained using Megacam on the MMT with UKIDSS near-infrared (J, H, and K-band) data to measure the colours of background stars. We develop a new hierarchical Bayesian statistical model, including measurement error, intrinsic colour variation, spectral type, and dust reddening, to simultaneously infer parameters for individual stars and characteristics of the population. We implement an efficient MCMC algorithm utilising generalised Gibbs sampling to compute coherent probabilistic inferences. We find a strong correlation between the extinction (Av) and the slope of the extinction law (parameterized by Rv). Because the majority of the extinction toward our stars comes from the Perseus molecular cloud, we interpret this correlation as evidence of grain growth at moderate optical depths. The extinction law changes from the diffuse value of Rv = 3 to the dense cloud value of Rv = 5 as the column density rises from Av = 2 mags to Av = 10 mags. This relationship is similar for the two regions in our study, despite their different physical conditions, suggesting that dust grain growth is a fairly universal process.
description: Accepted for publication by MNRAS. 18 pages, 11 figures
Predicting hearing aid use in adults: the Beaver Dam Offspring Study
Creators: name: Dillard, Lauren K.
name: Cochran, Amy L.
name: Pinto, Alex
name: Fowler, Cynthia G.
name: Fischer, Mary E.
name: Tweed, Ted S.
name: Cruickshanks, Karen J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The purpose of this study was to (i) develop a model that predicts hearing aid (HA) use and (ii) determine if model fit is improved by adding factors not typically collected in audiological evaluations. Two models were created and evaluated. The “clinical” model used factors typically collected during audiologic clinical evaluations. The “expanded” model considered additional clinical, health and lifestyle factors to determine if the model fit could be improved (compared to clinical model). Models were created with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression with 10-fold cross validation. Predictive ability was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic curves and concordance statistics (c-statistics). This study included 275 participants from the Beaver Dam Offspring Study, a prospective longitudinal cohort study of aging, with a treatable level of hearing loss and no HA use at baseline. The clinical and expanded models report predictors important for HA use. The c-statistics of the clinical (0.80) and expanded (0.79) models were not significantly different (p = 0.41). Similar predictive abilities of models suggest audiological evaluations perform well in predicting HA use.
HuSIS: A Dedicated Space for Studying Human Interactions
Creators: name: Raij, Andrew
name: Daher, Salam
name: Schubert, Ryan
name: Welch, Greg
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: To support the study of effective human-surrogate interaction techniques and modalities, the Office of Naval Research awarded an equipment grant to support the development of a Human-Surrogate Interaction Space (HuSIS) at the University of Central Florida in the Institute for Simulation & Training. The HuSIS consists of a dedicated physical space, structures, and components designed specifically for carrying out controlled studies related to human-surrogate interactions. This article describes the motivation, design, and realization of the HuSIS and the benefits of the common data-collection and analysis framework developed for HuSIS research.
Provider perspectives on treatment decision-making in nephrotic syndrome
Creators: name: Beanlands, Heather
name: Herreshoff, Emily
name: Troost, Jonathan P.
name: Gipson, Debbie S.
name: Trachtman, Howard
name: Hladunewich, Michelle A.
name: Maione, Maria
name: Pitter, Renee
name: Hailperin, Marilyn
name: Modes, Mary Margaret
name: Poulton, Caroline
name: Nachman, Patrick
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Managing patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) remains difficult for the practicing nephrologist. This often young patient population is faced with a debilitating, relapsing and remitting disease with non-specific treatment options that are often poorly tolerated. Clinicians managing these complex patients must attempt to apply disease-specific evidence while considering the individual patient's clinical and personal situation.
On a Solution of the Self-Interaction Problem in Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory
Creators: name: Däne, M.
name: Gonis, A.
name: Nicholson, D. M.
name: Stocks, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a methodology for the treatment of the Coulomb energy and potential in Kohn-Sham density functional theory that is free from self-interaction effects. Specifically, we determine the Coulomb potential given as the functional derivative of the Coulomb energy with respect to the density, where the Coulomb energy is calculated explicitly in terms of the pair density of the Kohn-Sham orbitals. This is accomplished by taking advantage of an orthonormal and complete basis that is an explicit functional of the density that then allows for the functional differentiation of the pair density with respect to the density to be performed explicitly. This approach leads to a new formalism that provides an analytic, closed-form determination of the exchange potential. This method is applied to one-dimensional model systems and to the atoms Helium through Krypton based on an exchange only implementation. Comparison of our total energies (denoted SIF) to those obtained using the usual Hartree-Fock (HF) and optimized effective potential (OEP) methods reveals the hierarchy $E_{\rm HF} \le E_{\rm OEP} \le E_{\rm SIF}$ that is indicative of the greater variation freedom implicit in the former two methods.