cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Z=6 `magic number' in neutron-rich carbon isotopes
Creators: name: Tran, D. T.
name: Ong, H. J.
name: Hagen, G.
name: Morris, T. D.
name: Aoi, N.
name: Suzuki, T.
name: Kanada-En'yo, Y.
name: Geng, L. S.
name: Terashima, S.
name: Tanihata, I.
name: Nguyen, T. T.
name: Ayyad, Y.
name: Chan, P. Y.
name: Fukuda, M.
name: Geissel, H.
name: Harakeh, M. N.
name: Hashimoto, T.
name: Hoang, T. H.
name: Ideguchi, E.
name: Inoue, A.
name: Jansen, G. R.
name: Kanungo, R.
name: Kawabata, T.
name: Khiem, L. H.
name: Lin, W. P.
name: Matsuta, K.
name: Mihara, M.
name: Momota, S.
name: Nagae, D.
name: Nguyen, N. D.
name: Nishimura, D.
name: Otsuka, T.
name: Ozawa, A.
name: Ren, P. P.
name: Sakaguchi, H.
name: Scheidenberger, C.
name: Tanaka, J.
name: Takechi, M.
name: Wada, R.
name: Yamamoto, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear shell structure, which originates in the nearly independent motion of nucleons in an average potential, provides an important guide for our understanding of nuclear structure and the underlying nuclear forces. Its most remarkable fingerprint is the existence of the so-called `magic numbers' of protons and neutrons associated with extra stability. Although the introduction of a phenomenological spin-orbit (SO) coupling force in 1949 helped explain the nuclear magic numbers, its origins are still open questions. Here, we present experimental evidence for the smallest SO-originated magic number (subshell closure) at the proton number 6 in 13-20C obtained from systematic analysis of point-proton distribution radii, electromagnetic transition rates and atomic masses of light nuclei. Performing ab initio calculations on 14,15C, we show that the observed proton distribution radii and subshell closure can be explained by the state-of-the-art nuclear theory with chiral nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon forces, which are rooted in the quantum chromodynamics.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Analyticity of the Scattering Amplitude, Causality and High-Energy Bounds in Quantum Field Theory on Noncommutative Space-Time
Creators: name: Tureanu, Anca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of quantum field theory (QFT) on noncommutative (NC) space-time with the symmetry group $O(1,1)\times SO(2)$, we prove that the Jost-Lehmann-Dyson representation, based on the causality condition taken in connection with this symmetry, leads to the mere impossibility of drawing any conclusion on the analyticity of the $2\to 2$-scattering amplitude in $\cosΘ$, $Θ$ being the scattering angle. Discussions on the possible ways of obtaining high-energy bounds analogous to the Froissart-Martin bound on the total cross-section are also presented.
description: 25 pages
First Observations of the Magnetic Field Geometry in Pre-stellar Cores
Creators: name: Ward-Thompson, D.
name: Kirk, J. M.
name: Crutcher, R. M.
name: Greaves, J. S.
name: Holland, W. S.
name: Andre, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first published maps of magnetic fields in pre-stellar cores, to test theoretical ideas about the way in which the magnetic field geometry affects the star formation process. The observations are JCMT-SCUBA maps of 850 micron thermal emission from dust. Linear polarizations at typically ten or more independent positions in each of three objects, L1544, L183 and L43 were measured, and the geometries of the magnetic fields in the plane of the sky were mapped from the polarization directions. The observed polarizations in all three objects appear smooth and fairly uniform. In L1544 and L183 the mean magnetic fields are at an angle of around 30 degrees to the minor axes of the cores. The L43 B-field appears to have been influenced in its southern half, such that it is parallel to the wall of a cavity produced by a CO outflow from a nearby T Tauri star, whilst in the northern half the field appears less disturbed and has an angle of 44 degrees to the core minor axis. We briefly compare our results with published models of magnetized cloud cores and conclude that no current model can explain these observations simultaneously with previous ISOCAM data.
description: 13 pages, 3 figs, to appear in ApJ Letters
Spontaneous Skyrmion Ground States in Magnetic Metals
Creators: name: Roessler, U. K.
name: Bogdanov, A. N.
name: Pfleiderer, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the 1950s Heisenberg and others have attempted to explain the appearance of countable particles in quantum field theory in terms of stable localized field configurations. As an exception Skyrme's model succeeded to describe nuclear particles as localized states, so-called 'skyrmions', within a non-linear field theory. Skyrmions are a characteristic of non-linear continuum models ranging from microscopic to cosmological scales. Skyrmionic states have been found under non-equilibrium conditions, or when stabilised by external fields or the proliferation of topological defects. Examples are Turing patterns in classical liquids, spin textures in quantum Hall magnets, or the blue phases in liquid crystals, respectively. However, it is believed that skyrmions cannot form spontaneous ground states like ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic order in magnetic materials. Here, we show theoretically that this assumption is wrong and that skyrmion textures may form spontaneously in condensed matter systems with chiral interactions without the assistance of external fields or the proliferation of defects. We show this within a phenomenological continuum model, that is based on a few material-specific parameters that may be determined from experiment. As a new condition not considered before, we allow for softened amplitude variations of the magnetisation - a key property of, for instance, metallic magnets. Our model implies that spontaneous skyrmion lattice ground states may exist quite generally in a large number of materials, notably at surfaces and in thin films as well as in bulk compounds, where a lack of space inversion symmetry leads to chiral interactions.
description: This paper has an explanatory supplement cond-mat/0603104
The Economics of Personal Data and the Economics of Privacy
Creators: name: Acquisti, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: We provide an overview of the economic analysis of the protection and revelation of personal data. In particular, we (1) describe the evolution of the economic theory of privacy, (2) examine privacy-related trade-offs for data subjects and data holders, and (3) highlight the current economic debate on privacy protection.
Magnetic and superconducting properties on S-type single-crystal CeCu$_2$Si$_2$ probed by $^{63}$Cu nuclear magnetic resonance and nuclear quadrupole resonance
Creators: name: Kitagawa, S.
name: Higuchi, T.
name: Manago, M.
name: Yamanaka, T.
name: Ishida, K.
name: Jeevan, H. S.
name: Geibel, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed $^{63}$Cu nuclear magnetic resonance/nuclear quadrupole resonance measurements to investigate the magnetic and superconducting (SC) properties on a "superconductivity dominant" ($S$-type) single crystal of CeCu$_2$Si$_2$. Although the development of antiferromagnetic (AFM) fluctuations down to 1~K indicated that the AFM criticality was close, Korringa behavior was observed below 0.8~K, and no magnetic anomaly was observed above $T_{\rm c} \sim$ 0.6 K. These behaviors were expected in $S$-type CeCu$_2$Si$_2$. The temperature dependence of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$ at zero field was almost identical to that in the previous polycrystalline samples down to 130~mK, but the temperature dependence deviated downward below 120~mK. In fact, $1/T_1$ in the SC state could be fitted with the two-gap $s_{\pm}$-wave rather than the two-gap $s_{++}$-wave model down to 90~mK. Under magnetic fields, the spin susceptibility in both directions clearly decreased below $T_{\rm c}$, indicative of the formation of spin singlet pairing. The residual part of the spin susceptibility was understood by the field-induced residual density of states evaluated from $1/T_1T$, which was ascribed to the effect of the vortex cores. No magnetic anomaly was observed above the upper critical field $H_{c2}$, but the development of AFM fluctuations was observed, indicating that superconductivity was realized in strong AFM fluctuations.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
The Economics of Peer-To-Peer Networks
Creators: name: Krishnan, Ramayya
name: Smith, Michael
name: Telang, Rahul
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks have emerged as a popular alternative to traditional client-server architectures for the distribution of information goods. While there is a great deal of research on these networks in the computer science literature, until recently there has been little academic research considering the salient economic characteristics of these networks. In this paper, we outline some important economic characteristics of these networks. We show that while the characteristics of services provided over P2P networks are similar to public goods and club goods, they have many important differences and hence there is a need for new theoretical models as well as empirical and experimental analysis to understand user behavior. We then identify several important areas for study with regard to the economics of P2P networks and review recent academic papers in each area.
Locating a national collection through audience research
Creators: name: Rees, Gethin
Publisher: name: British Library
Year: 2022
Subjects: Cultural Heritage
Metadata
Web maps
Geography
Interface design
Location

description: Locating a National Collection (LaNC) aims to help cultural heritage organisations to use location data — such as where objects were made and used or the places they depict and describe — to connect collections and engage audiences. Location-based interfaces such as web maps offer opportunities to open up collections to new audiences and uses. Place metadata can form the basis of engaging stories and tangible links between overlooked groups and local pasts that underscore notions of community empowerment. LaNC seeks to identify how the design of interfaces can be tailored to meet the needs of diverse users thus improving uptake and broadening the appeal of digital cultural heritage. To this end we gathered structured feedback from two groups: cultural heritage professionals and the public. Interviews with cultural heritage professionals helped us to understand motivation and priorities in the sector. Audience research included surveys and focus groups with representative samples of the UK population that offered insights into attitudes and behaviour alongside opportunities to test interface ideas. The research has demonstrated how values, such as local identity, alongside motivations such as curiosity around heritage visits offer hooks into cultural heritage collections. These findings will inform the development of LaNC’s map-based prototype, providing insights into how geospatial data structures and interface design can help institutions leverage serendipitous discovery and curiosity-driven exploration of their collections.
description: DARIAH Annual Event 2021: Interfaces
Thricolyga minor Rondani 1859
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tachinidae
Thricolyga
Thricolyga minor

description: Thricolyga minor Rondani, 1859
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1859b: 185 (key), 186 (description).
 TYPE LOCALITY: “ in planitie parmensi [Parmese plains (Italy)]”.
 TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♀, syntype (head eaten by dermestids, missing mid-legs) (MZUF: Box 13): Thrycolyga [sic !] Rndn. / minor Rnd. / 670.
 CURRENT STATUS: junior synonym of Exorista (Adenia) nympharum (Rondani, 1859) (Herting & Dely-Draskovits 1993: 126).
 REMARKS: Rondani (1859b: 186) described Thricolyga minor from just the female sex, without specifying the exact number of specimens, but giving a single measurement of length: “ Rarissimo foeminam legi [I collected the female rarely]”. We found one syntype in this study. Rondani described this nominal species under the generic name “ Thricolyga ”, which is an “incorrect original spelling of Tricoliga Rondani, 1856 ” (O’Hara et al. 2011: 180).
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on pages 359-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
The Dynamic Character of Drug Problems
Creators: name: Caulkins, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This paper makes three points. (1) Drug-related measures, such as the number of users, have changed rapidly over time, suggesting that they are not merely symptoms of underlying trends in the economy, demographics, or other aggregates that change more slowly. (2) Drug markets are subject to a wide range of feedback effects that can induce non-linearity into dynamic behavior. (3) There are at least five classes of epidemic models that reflect such non-linear dynamic behavior. Some of those classes tend to be optimistic about the ability of drug control interventions to reduce use; others are pessimistic. It is hoped that this discussion and, in particular, the typology, can inform and elevate the debate about drug policy, but it is unlikely to resolve that debate because of the inability to demonstrate empirically which class(es) are most accurate.
Multiplexed scRNA-seq reveals the cellular and genetic correlates of systemic lupus erythematosus Analysis Code
Creators: name: Perez, Richard K
name: Gordon, M Gracie
name: Subramaniam, Meena
name: Kim, Min Cheol
name: Hartoularos, George
name: Targ, Sasha
name: Sun, Yang
name: Ogorodnikov, Anton
name: Bueno, Raymund
name: Lu, Andrew
name: Thompson, Mike
name: Rappoport, Nadav
name: Dahl, Andrew
name: Lanata, Christina M
name: Matloubian, Mehrdad
name: Maliskova, Lenka
name: Kwek, Serena
name: Li, Tony
name: Slyper, Michal
name: Rozenblatt-Rosen, Orit
name: Fong, Lawrence
name: Dall'era, Maria
name: Balliu, Brunilda
name: Regev, Aviv
name: Yazdany, Jinoos
name: Criswell, Lindsey
name: Zaitlen, Noah
name: Ye, Chun Jimmie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Analysis scripts to generate figures in our paper titled "Multiplexed scRNA-seq reveals the cellular and genetic correlates of systemic lupus erythematosus"
Momentum conservation and unitarity in parton showers and NLL resummation
Creators: name: Hoeche, Stefan
name: Reichelt, Daniel
name: Siegert, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study of differences between NLL resummation and parton showers. We first construct a Markovian Monte-Carlo algorithm for resummation of additive observables in electron-positron annihilation. Approximations intrinsic to the pure NLL result are then removed, in order to obtain a traditional, momentum and probability conserving parton shower based on the coherent branching formalism. The impact of each approximation is studied, and an overall comparison is made between the parton shower and pure NLL resummation. Differences compared to modern parton-shower algorithms formulated in terms of color dipoles are analyzed.
description: 13 pages, 1 table, 8 figures
Quantum phase transitions of multi-species Dirac fermions
Creators: name: Guo, H. -M.
name: Wang, Lei
name: Scalettar, R. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the determinant Quantum Monte Carlo method (DQMC) to study the interaction-driven semimetal to antiferromagnetic insulator transition in a $π$-flux Hamiltonian with modulated hoppings, a model which has two species of Dirac fermions. It is found that the critical interaction strength $U_c$ is decreased by reducing the velocity of the outer Dirac cone, while the inner cone velocity fixes the band width. Although $U_c$ is monotonic, at fixed inverse temperature $β$ the antiferromagnetic (AF) structure factor has a maximum as a function of the hopping modulation. We also study the corresponding strong coupling (Heisenberg model) limit, where the sublattice magnetization is enhanced by the alternation of the exchange couplings. The AF order is shown to be non-monotonic, and maximal at an intermediate degree of anisotropy, in qualitative agreement with the Hubbard model. These results quantify the effect of the velocities on the critical interaction strength in Dirac fermion systems and enable an additional degree of control which will be useful in studying strong correlation physics in ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
The Dynamic Character of Drug Problems
Creators: name: Caulkins, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This paper makes three points. (1) Drug-related measures, such as the number of users, have changed rapidly over time, suggesting that they are not merely symptoms of underlying trends in the economy, demographics, or other aggregates that change more slowly. (2) Drug markets are subject to a wide range of feedback effects that can induce non-linearity into dynamic behavior. (3) There are at least five classes of epidemic models that reflect such non-linear dynamic behavior. Some of those classes tend to be optimistic about the ability of drug control interventions to reduce use; others are pessimistic. It is hoped that this discussion and, in particular, the typology, can inform and elevate the debate about drug policy, but it is unlikely to resolve that debate because of the inability to demonstrate empirically which class(es) are most accurate.
On the harmonic scattering amplitudes from a nonlinear elastic spherical inclusion
Creators: name: Kube, Christopher M.
name: Arguelles, Andrea P.
name: McWilliams, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the interaction of an incident finite amplitude longitudinal wave with a localized region of nonlinearity is considered. This interaction produces a secondary field represented by a superposition of first-, second-, and third-harmonic components. The secondary field is solely a result of the quadratic and cubic elastic nonlinearity present within the region of the inclusion. The second-harmonic scattering amplitude depends on the quadratic nonlinearity parameter $β$, while the first- and third-harmonic amplitudes depend on the cubic nonlinearity parameter $γ$. The special cases of forward and backward scattering amplitudes were analyzed. For each harmonic, the forward-scattering amplitude is always greater than or equal to the backward scattering amplitude in which the equality is only realized in the Rayleigh scattering limit. Lastly, the amplitudes of the scattered harmonic waves are compared to predicted harmonic amplitudes derived from a plane wave model.
Combination interventions for Hepatitis C and Cirrhosis reduction among people who inject drugs: An agent-based, networked population simulation experiment
Creators: name: Khan, Bilal
name: Duncan, Ian
name: Saad, Mohamad
name: Schaefer, Daniel
name: Jordan, Ashly
name: Smith, Daniel
name: Neaigus, Alan
name: Jarlais, Don Des
name: Hagan, Holly
name: Dombrowski, Kirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.6.3
subject: 68U20

description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is endemic in people who inject drugs (PWID), with prevalence estimates above 60 percent for PWID in the United States. Previous modeling studies suggest that direct acting antiviral (DAA) treatment can lower overall prevalence in this population, but treatment is often delayed until the onset of advanced liver disease (fibrosis stage 3 or later) due to cost. Lower cost interventions featuring syringe access (SA) and medically assisted treatment (MAT) for addiction are known to be less costly, but have shown mixed results in lowering HCV rates below current levels. Little is known about the potential synergistic effects of combining DAA and MAT treatment, and large-scale tests of combined interventions are rare. While simulation experiments can reveal likely long-term effects, most prior simulations have been performed on closed populations of model agents--a scenario quite different from the open, mobile populations known to most health agencies. This paper uses data from the Centers for Disease Control's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance project, IDU round 3, collected in New York City in 2012 by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene to parameterize simulations of open populations. Our results show that, in an open population, SA/MAT by itself has only small effects on HCV prevalence, while DAA treatment by itself can significantly lower both HCV and HCV-related advanced liver disease prevalence. More importantly, the simulation experiments suggest that cost effective synergistic combinations of the two strategies can dramatically reduce HCV incidence. We conclude that adopting SA/MAT implementations alongside DAA interventions can play a critical role in reducing the long-term consequences of ongoing infection.
Strain-shear coupling in bilayer MoS2
Creators: name: Lee, Jae-Ung
name: Woo, Sungjong
name: Park, Jaesung
name: Park, Hee Chul
name: Son, Young-Woo
name: Cheong, Hyeonsik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Layered materials such as graphite and transition metal dichalcogenides have extremely anisotropic mechanical properties owing to orders of magnitude difference between in-plane and out-of-plane interatomic interaction strengths. Although effects of mechanical perturbations on either intra- or inter-layer interactions have been extensively investigated, mutual correlations between them have rarely been addressed. Here we show that layered materials have an inevitable coupling between in-plane uniaxial strain and interlayer shear. Because of this, the uniaxial in-plane strain induces an anomalous splitting of the degenerate interlayer shear phonon modes such that the split shear mode along the tensile strain is not softened but hardened contrary to the case of intralayer phonon modes. We confirm the effect by measuring Raman shifts of shear modes of bilayer MoS2 under strain. Moreover, by analyzing the splitting, we obtain an unexplored off-diagonal elastic constant, demonstrating that Raman spectroscopy can determine almost all mechanical constants of layered materials.
description: 36 pages, 10 figures
Four-loop verification of algorithm for Feynman diagrams summation in N=1 supersymmetric electrodynamics
Creators: name: Pimenov, A. B.
name: Stepanyantz, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method of Feynman diagrams summation, based on using Schwinger-Dyson equations and Ward identities, is verified by calculating some four-loop diagrams in N=1 supersymmetric electrodynamics, regularized by higher derivatives. In particular, for the considered diagrams correctness of an additional identity for Green functions, which is not reduced to the gauge Ward identity, is proved.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
The life cycle of starbursting circumnuclear gas discs
Creators: name: Schartmann, M.
name: Mould, J.
name: Wada, K.
name: Burkert, A.
name: Durré, M.
name: Behrendt, M.
name: Davies, R. I.
name: Burtscher, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution observations from the sub-mm to the optical wavelength regime resolve the central few 100pc region of nearby galaxies in great detail. They reveal a large diversity of features: thick gas and stellar discs, nuclear starbursts, in- and outflows, central activity, jet interaction, etc. Concentrating on the role circumnuclear discs play in the life cycles of galactic nuclei, we employ 3D adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamical simulations with the RAMSES code to self-consistently trace the evolution from a quasi-stable gas disc, undergoing gravitational (Toomre) instability, the formation of clumps and stars and the disc's subsequent, partial dispersal via stellar feedback. Our approach builds upon the observational finding that many nearby Seyfert galaxies have undergone intense nuclear starbursts in their recent past and in many nearby sources star formation is concentrated in a handful of clumps on a few 100pc distant from the galactic centre. We show that such observations can be understood as the result of gravitational instabilities in dense circumnuclear discs. By comparing these simulations to available integral field unit observations of a sample of nearby galactic nuclei, we find consistent gas and stellar masses, kinematics, star formation and outflow properties. Important ingredients in the simulations are the self-consistent treatment of star formation and the dynamical evolution of the stellar distribution as well as the modelling of a delay time distribution for the supernova feedback. The knowledge of the resulting simulated density structure and kinematics on pc scale is vital for understanding inflow and feedback processes towards galactic scales.
description: accepted by MNRAS
Closed-Loop Robotic Cooking of Scrambled Eggs with a Salinity-based ‘Taste’ Sensor
Creators: name: Sochacki, Grzegorz
name: Hughes, Josephine
name: Iida, Fumiya
name: Hauser, Simon
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: The sense of taste is fundamental to a human chef's ability to cook tasty food. To develop robots that can demonstrate human-like cooking, robots need to be equipped with a sense of taste, and enabled to use this perception capabilities to improve or understand the food which they are cooking. We propose a first study of using a salinity sensor to provide a robot with a sense of saltiness. We then demonstrate how this artificial taste receptor can be used to create an autonomous closed-loop cooking system that uses a measurement of saltiness to improve the cooking process of preparing scrambled eggs. Specifically, we show that the sensor measurements can be mapped to different taste metrics such as the overall saltiness and state of mixing the eggs, and how the cooking process can be adapted to match user-defined specifications.
Vortex dynamics in type II superconductors under strong pinning conditions
Creators: name: Thomann, A. U.
name: Geshkenbein, V. B.
name: Blatter, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study effects of pinning on the dynamics of a vortex lattice in a type II superconductor in the strong-pinning situation and determine the force--velocity (or current--voltage) characteristic combining analytical and numerical methods. Our analysis deals with a small density $n_p$ of defects that act with a large force $f_p$ on the vortices, thereby inducing bistable configurations that are a characteristic feature of strong pinning theory. We determine the velocity-dependent average pinning-force density $\langle F_p(v)\rangle$ and find that it changes on the velocity scale $v_p \sim f_p/ηa_0^3$, where $η$ is the viscosity of vortex motion and $a_0$ the distance between vortices. In the small pin-density limit, this velocity is much larger than the typical flow velocity $v_c \sim F_c/η$ of the free vortex system at drives near the critical force-density $F_c = \langle F_p(v=0)\rangle \propto n_p f_p$. As a result, we find a generic excess-force characteristic, a nearly linear force--velocity characteristic shifted by the critical force-density $F_c$; the linear flux-flow regime is approached only at large drives. Our analysis provides a derivation of Coulomb's law of dry friction for the case of strong vortex pinning.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures
No diffuse H2 in the metal deficient galaxy I Zw 18
Creators: name: Vidal-Madjar, A.
name: Kunth, D.
name: Etangs, A. Lecavelier des
name: Lequeux, J.
name: Andre, M.
name: BenJaffel, L.
name: Ferlet, R.
name: Hebrard, G.
name: Howk, J. C.
name: Kruk, J. W.
name: Lemoine, M.
name: Moos, H. W.
name: Roth, K. C.
name: Sonneborn, G.
name: York, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The metal deficient starburst galaxy IZw18 has been observed with FUSE in a search for H2 molecules. The spectrum obtained with an aperture covering the full galaxy shows no absorption lines of diffuse H2 at the radial velocity of the galaxy. The upper limit for the diffuse H2 column density is found to be very low: N(H2)
description: To appear in FUSE special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Letters. 4 pages + 3 figures
New pyrone and cyclopentenone derivatives from marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii SCSIO 00305
Creators: name: Amin, Muhammad
name: Liang, Xiao
name: Ma, Xuan
name: Dong, Jun-De
name: Qi, Shu-Hua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Two new 2-pyrone derivatives sydowiones A-B (1, 2), one new cyclopentenone derivative sydowione C (3), and one new mycotoxin 6-methoxyl austocystin A (4) along with two known analogues paecilpyrone A (5) and austocystin A (6), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii SCSIO 00305. The structures of 1–4 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of C-8 in 1 was established by Mosher method, and further confirmed by calculation of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The absolute configuration of C-11 in 3 was also determined by calculation of ECD spectra. The absolute configuration of 6 was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment for the first time. Compounds 1–4 showed moderate toxicity towards brine shrine naupalii with LC50 values of 19.5, 14.3, 8.3 and 2.9 μM, respectively. And 1 and 2 also showed antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with IC50 values of 46.0 and 46.6 μM, respectively.
E-SERVICE QUALITY AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN ONLINE SHOPPING IN NIGERIA
Creators: name: Aniefiok, Okon Akpan
name: Aniebiet, Etuk
Publisher: name: SADI journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: E-service quality
Customer Loyalty
Online Shopping
Fulfillment
Responsiveness
Online Security

description: Businesses grow and become successful when loyal customers are available to repeatedly patronize them. However, getting loyal customers in the online market is more difficult than incompared to that of the traditional market. Many online firms do not know how to make their online presence attractive enough to meet the needs of their customers in order to retain them. Therefore, this studyThis study therefore investigated the Nigerian online market to understand how customer loyalty can be achieved through e-service quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of e-service quality on customer loyalty in the Nigerian online market. The survey research design was adopted for the study, and a questionnaire was used to collectquestionnaire was the instrument used in collecting data. Purposive and snowball techniques were used in selecting the respondents. Three hundred and eighty four384 online shoppers in Nigeria participated in the study. However, responses from 376 of the respondents were valid for analysis. Data analysis was performeddone using descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically, the hypotheses were tested using regression. Findings revealed that each of the three dimensions of e-service quality (fulfillment, responsiveness and security) considered in the study had a significantsignificant effect on customer loyalty.  It was concluded that focusing on these dimensions of e-service quality can enhance customer loyalty.  Therefore, it was recommended that online retailers in Nigeria should strongly consider these dimensions of e-service quality in their bid to gain customer loyalty
Ugimyia sericariae Rondani 1870
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tachinidae
Ugimyia
Ugimyia sericariae

description: Ugimyia sericariae Rondani, 1870
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1870b: 65.
 TYPE LOCALITY: “ Giappone [Japan]”.
TYPE MATERIAL: not found in this study.
 CURRENT STATUS: valid species, as Blepharipa sericariae (Herting & Dely-Draskovits 1993: 249, O’Hara et al. 2009: 103, 2020: 428).
 REMARKS: Rondani (1870b: 65) described Ugimyia sericariae from larvae and pupae received from Chiapello and Golletti, without specifying the exact number of the specimens. Rondani (1870d: 137) redescribed the larvae, but he never examined any adults of this nominal species. We were unable to locate any type material during this study.
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 362, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
The Davao City Health System: An Approach to Optimally Locating Community Health Facilities
Creators: name: Ma. Esmeralda Silva
name: Johnson, Michael P.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Two hierarchical location-allocation models are used to locate two types of communitybased health facilities in Davao City, Philippines. Oftentimes, locating health facilities are motivated by factors such as politics and resource availability. Different optimization approaches to locating a mix of these health facilities across the rural and urban areas of the city. Computations results are evaluated based on three performance metrics: operating costs, average weighted travel distance and population coverage.
Nucleon Scattering from Very Light Nuclei: Intermediate Energy Expansions for Transition Potentials and Breakup Processes
Creators: name: Elster, Ch.
name: Gloeckle, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical potentials for elastic p-d scattering and the coupled processes p+$^3$He $\rightarrow$ p+$^3$He and p+$^3$He $\rightarrow$ d+d are derived in the Faddeev-Yakubovsky framework with special emphasis on leading order terms, which are expected to be valid at intermediate energies. In addition, equations for the fragmentations $^3$He(p,ppp)n and $^3$He(p,pp)d are derived within the same framework. Again leading order terms for intermediate energies are considered.
description: 30 pages, LaTeX, 3 postscript figures
The Changing Role of Race in the NBA: a Draft Ordering Approach
Creators: name: Stichka, Brandon
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Does the selection of players in the annual National Basketball Association Draft exhibit racial discrimination? We construct an original data set spanning the 1950-1999 regular seasons in order to answer this question. Utilizing an unexplored player valuation system, and a much longer horizon, we avoid many of the difficulties encountered by earlier researchers who typically focused on salary in this uncompetitive market. On average, teams select equally-performing black players slightly later in the draft ordering than their white colleagues. Black players consistently perform above the level non-parametrically predicted by their draft ranks. This effect is most noticeable in the 1950s, and 1960s. There is renewed growth in this unequal treatment in the 1990s, and possible explanations for this resurgence are offered.
The Black Male and the United States Economy
Creators: name: McElroy, Susan Williams
name: Andrews, Leon T.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This paper examines the current status of black males in the United States economy and emphasizes several positive aspects of the changing status of black males over time. While we acknowledge that the social and economic conditions of black males in the United States are troubling in many respects, our objective is to highlight the progress and achievements of black males. Most research on black males focuses solely on the problems and rarely highlights the successes and accomplishments. However, little attention has been paid to the achievements in education, the professional successes, and the positive community and family involvement of black males in the United States. We consider black male accomplishments in three separate but related contexts. First, a significant number of black males have received a bachelor’s degree or postgraduate degree in recent decades. Second, black males have made inroads to professional occupations in increasing numbers. Finally, a significant number of black males are supporting themselves and their families. Although many barriers make it difficult for black males to take advantage of economic opportunities in this country, there are still a number of black males who are taking the steps necessary to achieve economic success. As authors of this paper, we do not wish to diminish the efforts of scholars and journalists who examine the problems of black males. Rather, this paper focuses on the enormous progress black males have made in the U.S. economy and their many outstanding achievements. Similarly, by writing about black males, we do not mean to suggest that black females have not also made significant gains in and contributions to the U.S. economy. But our objective here is to call attention to and document some of the contributions black males have made and continue to make to the economy.
Electrical and Hydrogen Reduction Enhances Kinetics in Doped Zirconia and Ceria: II. Mapping Electrode Polarization and Vacancy Condensation in YSZ
Creators: name: Dong, Yanhao
name: Chen, I-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Knowing the correlation between grain boundary mobility and oxygen potential in yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), we have utilized the grain size as a microstructural marker to map local oxygen potential. Abrupt oxygen potential transition is established under a large current density and in thicker samples. Cathodically depressed oxygen potential can be easily triggered by poor electrode kinetics or in an oxygen-lean environment. Widespread cavitation in the presence of highly reducing oxygen potential suggests oxygen vacancy condensation instead of oxygen bubble formation as commonly assumed for solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells. These results also suggest electrode kinetics has a direct influence on the microstructure and properties of ceramics sintered under a large electric current.
Emergent electromagnetism induced by topological defects created during magnetization reversal in nanowires
Creators: name: Charilaou, M.
name: Braun, H. -B.
name: Loeffler, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report that the irreversible magnetization switching process in ferromagnetic nanoparticles is governed by the formation and dynamics of topological point-defects in the form of hedgehog-antihedgehog pairs. After nucleation, these pairs rapidly separate with speeds exceeding domain wall velocities, and they generate an emergent electric field of solenoidal character and substantial magnitude.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
A Case Control Study Exploring the Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Social Jetlag
Creators: name: Healy, Ultan
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The circadian system, a hierarchical network of oscillating molecular clocks which align behaviours to the external solar clock and synchronise complimentary physiological processes between disparate tissues, plays an important role in regulating metabolic processes relevant the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Disruption to the circadian system, in the form of rotating shift work, is a risk factor for developing metabolic disease including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and obesity. Superseding circadian preferred sleep-wake timing to meet social obligations such as employment or education represents a more subtle, but much more prevalent, form of circadian disruption. Such behaviour results in significantly different sleep-wake times on free days compared to non-free days; a phenomenon termed social jetlag. We hypothesise that social jetlag is a risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and as such will be more prevalent in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus compared to matched normoglycaemic controls. To test this hypothesis, we completed a case control study exploring the association between diabetes and social jetlag/sleep timing variability. Metabolic parameters were examined by means of a 75g oral glucose tolerance test, social jetlag was determined by means of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, and objective sleep parameters were obtained by means of wrist-worn actigraphy. Here we report that subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus demonstrate an excess of social jetlag compared to age- and gender-matched normoglycaemic controls (0.96 hours vs 0.61 hours, p = 0.035), which remains significant after adjusting for BMI and other covariates. However, this observation was based on self-reported sleep times and was not associated with any difference in objective actigraphy measurements. Further studies will be needed to confirm this association, to assess for causality, and to determine if treatment strategies to mitigate circadian disruption are effective in treating or preventing metabolic disease.
Excitation energy shift and size difference of low-energy levels in $p$-shell $Λ$ hypernuclei
Creators: name: Kanada-En'yo, Yoshiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated structures of low-lying $0s$-orbit $Λ$ states in $p$-shell $Λ$ hypernuclei ($^A_ΛZ$) by applying microscopic cluster models for nuclear structure and a single-channel folding potential model for a $Λ$ particle. For $A>10$ systems, the size reduction of core nuclei is small, and the core polarization effect is regarded as a higher-order perturbation in the $Λ$ binding. The present calculation qualitatively describes the systematic trend of experimental data for excitation energy change from $^{A-1} Z$ to $^A_ΛZ$, in $A>10$ systems. The energy change shows a clear correlation with the nuclear size difference between the ground and excited states. In $^7_Λ\textrm{Li}$ and $^9_Λ\textrm{Be}$, the significant shrinkage of cluster structures occurs consistently with the prediction of other calculations.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
A model for mode-locking in quantum dot lasers
Creators: name: Viktorov, Evgeny
name: Mandel, Paul
name: Vladimirov, Andrei
name: Bandelow, Uwe
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: mode-locking
subject: quantum dot lasers
subject: delay differential equations
subject: 34K60
subject: 78A60
subject: 42.55.Px
subject: 42.60.Fc
subject: 42.65.Sf

description: We propose a model for passive mode-locking in quantum dot laser and report on specific dynamical properties of the regime which is characterized by a fast gain recovery. No Q-switching instability has been found accompanying the mode-locking. Bistability can occur between the mode-locking regime and zero intensity steady state.
Accurate localization of brain activity in presurgical fMRI by structure adaptive smoothing
Creators: name: Tabelow, Karsten
name: Polzehl, Jörg
name: Uluğ, Aziz M.
name: Dyke, Jonathan P.
name: Watts, Richard
name: Heier, Linda A.
name: Voss, Henning U.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: functional MRI
subject: spatially adaptive smoothing
subject: signal detection
subject: presurgical planning
subject: 62P10
subject: 92C55
subject: 62G05
subject: 62G10

description: An important problem of the analysis of fMRI experiments is to achieve some noise reduction of the data without blurring the shape of the activation areas. As a novel solution to this problem, the Propagation-Separation approach (PS), a structure adaptive smoothing method, has been proposed recently. PS adapts to different shapes of activation areas by generating a spatial structure corresponding to similarities and differences between time series in adjacent locations. In this paper we demonstrate how this method results in more accurate localization of brain activity. First, it is shown in numerical simulations that PS is superior over Gaussian smoothing with respect to the accurate description of the shape of activation clusters and and results in less false detections. Second, in a study of 37 presurgical planning cases we found that PS and Gaussian smoothing often yield different results, and we present examples showing aspects of the superiority of PS as applied to presurgical planning.