cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Uncovering the mutational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 using machine learning methods
Creators: name: Lamb, Kieran Daniel
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2024

description: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen behind the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Following its emergence in Wuhan in the Hubei province of China, SARS-CoV- 2 infected millions of people around the world and has since become one of the deadliest on record. As part of the pandemic response, an unprecedented number of viral genomes were sequenced to produce the worlds largest dataset of viral sequencing data. In this thesis, we used machine learning methods to discover more about the mutational landscape of the virus from this sequencing data. We use mutational signature analysis to discover the mutational processes providing the mutations SARS-CoV-2 uses to adapt and evolve over time. We show that these processes are dynamic, and shift in their activity throughout the pandemic. We show that different variants of concern (VOCs) show different levels of mutational process activity which may relate to differences between the intrinsic virology between these lineages. We next show how large language models (LLMs) that have traditionally been used in natural language processing (NLP) can be used to produce meaningful representations of viral proteins. These representations can distinguish between proteins from different virus VOCs, generate metrics that can evaluate every possible mutation in the protein, and even predict putative evolutionary trajectories that correlate with the real emergence dates. We also show that model logits identify epistatic interactions disturbed by mutations and identify positions of structural conservation. Much of this can be completed using a single sequence and can also be used in a surveillance scenario where new sequences can have their representations compared against currently circulating or prior lineages. Finally, we show how identifying mutational patterns using co-occurrence highlights interesting pairs of mutations that may be selected for by the virus and its selective environment. Using mutational contexts, language models and the virus phylogeny, we can investigate how these mutations might benefit the virus and improve our understanding of how linked mutations appear in a circulating viruses. In summary, this thesis shows how techniques from machine learning can help us learn more about the evolutionary processes, dynamics and effects of changing viral proteins using genomic sequence data.
Towards accurate modeling of the multidimensional MPI physics
Creators: name: Kluth, Tobias
name: Szwargulski, Patryk
name: Knopp, Tobias
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: The MPI image reconstruction problem requires, particularly for 2D and 3D excitation patterns, a measured system matrix due to the lack of an accurate model that is capable of describing the nanoparticles’ magnetization behavior in the MPI setup. Here we exploit a model based on Néel rotation for large particle ensembles and we find model parameters that describe measured 2D MPI data with much higher precision than state of the art MPI models, which is also illustrated in phantom experiments. This is a short summary of the recent work [4] to which we refer to for all further details. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009004, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009004
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Additional file 1 of Experimental evidence on biodiversity impacts of variable retention forestry, prescribed burning, and deadwood manipulation in Fennoscandia
Creators: name: Koivula, Matti
name: Vanha-Majamaa, Ilkka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Papers from Fennoscandian retention and restoration experiments, sorted according to experiment acronym (compare Table 1) followed by first author and publication year.
Individual observation of Néel and Brownian relaxations in magnetic nanoparticles
Creators: name: Ota, Satoshi
name: Takemura, Yasushi
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Magnetic relaxation divided into the Néel and Brownian regimes determines the magnetization dynamics. To develop the signal intensity and resolution of magnetic particle imaging, understanding the magnetization dynamics was required. In this study, the Néel and Brownian relaxations were individually evaluated. The two-step magnetization response of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a fluid as the Brownian regime occurred after the Néel regime was observed by applying a fast responding pulse field. To clarify the magnetic relaxation in detail, it is necessary to individually observe the Néel and Brownian relaxations in the superposition system. By fitting the theoretical calculation to the measured time evolution of the magnetization response, we isolated Néel and Brownian relaxations from the experimentally observed superposition relaxation system. Moreover, the effect of dipole interactions on Néel and Brownian relaxation were confirmed by measuring the dependence of magnetization responses on the particle concentration in a magnetic fluid. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009005, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009005
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Fully differential low noise amplifier for MPI/MPS
Creators: name: Malhotra, Ankit
name: Schwegmann, Holger
name: Schumacher, Jonas
name: Chen, Xin
name: Buzug, Thorsten M.
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel tomographic imaging modality, which uses static and dynamic magnetic fields to measure the magnetic response generated by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). For the characterization of the SPIONs magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) is used. In the current research, a low noise amplifier (LNA) suitable for MPI and MPS is presented. LNAs play a significant role in the receive chain of MPI and MPS systems by amplifying the signals from the nanoparticles while keeping the noise induced through its own circuitry minimal. The LNA is based on a fully differential amplifier (FDA) in a summing configuration to reduce noise. The input voltage noise of the prototyped LNA with a receive coil and a 50 Ω resistance in a bandwidth of 200-600 kHz is 300 pV/√Hz (NF = 14.05) and 1.76 nV/√Hz (NF = 11.93) respectively. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009006, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009006
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Development of a microfluidic platform for the synthesis of MPI tracer materials
Creators: name: Heinke, David
name: Kraupner, Alexander
name: Schemberg, Jörg
name: Wiedemeier, Stefan
name: Briel, Andreas
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: To avoid the disadvantages of classical batch-wise coprecipitation in the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles we developed a microfluidic synthesis platform with continuous flow mode which enables a faster and more efficient adjustment of relevant parameters like pH-value, temperature and educt concentration. Initial results of the electrostatically stabilized particles demonstrate the high potential for the use as tracer in magnetic particle imaging or contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging outperforming the efficacy of the current gold-standard Resovist®. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009007, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009007
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
Creators: name: Goel, Keshav
name: Ranjan, Rahul
name: Singh, Dr. Richa
Publisher: name: Inkbound Publishers
Year: 2024

description: This study investigates the impact and effectiveness of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, a nationwide cleanliness and sanitation initiative launched in India. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, we examine the program's implementation, assess its outcomes, and analyze the socio-economic factors influencing its success. The research aims to contribute valuable insight into the challenges and achievements of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, shedding light on its implications for public health, community development, and sustainable practices. Findings from this study can inform future policy decisions and initiatives aimed at improving sanitation and hygiene on a national scale.
A concept for an MPI scanner with Halbach arrays
Creators: name: Bakenecker, Anna C.
name: Schumacher, Jonas
name: Blümler, Peter
name: Gräfe, Ksenija
name: Ahlborg, Mandy
name: Buzug, Thorsten M.
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: One of the major challenges of MPI is the upscaling of scanners. Typically, the magnetic fields are generated electromagnetically with immense power consumption, which becomes a severe issue for larger setups. However, electromagnets provide high flexibility in terms of adjusting the gradient strength of the selection field and providing quickly alternating drive fields. The here proposed scanner concept reduces the power consumption drastically, because both the selection field and the drive field are generated by rotating permanent magnets. In addition, it maintains the flexibility to adjust the gradient strength for different imaging sequences. The selection field consists of two concentric Halbach quadrupoles. Mutual rotation of the nested quadrupoles enables the variation of the gradient strength. The drive field is generated by two reversely rotating Halbach dipoles driving the field free point on a radial trajectory. To show the feasibility of the setup an exemplary image simulation with an additional excitation field is performed and the resulting reconstruction is discussed. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009008, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009008
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Functional MPI (fMPI) of hypercapnia in rodent brain with MPI time-series imaging
Creators: name: Herb, Konstantin
name: Mason, Erica
name: Mattingly, Eli
name: Mandeville, Joseph
name: Mandeville, Emiri
name: Cooley, Clarissa
name: Wald, Lawrence
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: MPI has been proposed as an alternative to fMRI for detecting cerebral blood volume (CBV) changes associated with brain activation due to potentially higher sensitivity, possibly enabling single-patient studies. In this work, we show preliminary neuroimaging data of CBV modulation with hypercapnia acquired in vivo on a rodent MPI scanner designed for time-series imaging. This continuously rotating 2D projection field free line imager enables time-series imaging with temporal resolution of up to 3 seconds. As a first demonstration of “fMPI”, we acquire time-series images of a rodent brain with 5 second temporal resolution with the animal undergoing alternating 3-minute periods of either hyper- or hypocapnia. Image intensity changes from CBV modulation of the injected SPIONs concentration were detected with a CNR of up to 14 in brain pixels. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009009, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009009
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Towards bimagnetic nanoparticle thermometry
Creators: name: Bui, Thinh
name: Biacchi, Adam
name: Woods, Solomon
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) thermometry is a promising approach for non-invasive and remote temperature sensing for applications in both fundamental and applied sciences. However, the small thermosensitivity (temperature-dependent magnetization) of conventional single magnetic material MNPs (e.g. magnetite or other ferrites) limit the requisite sensitivity needed for practical applications. Bimagnetic nanoparticles with tunable thermosensitivity and operating temperature ranges represent a potential route to overcome these limitations. Here we present results on the temperature-dependent AC magnetization of synthesized cobalt-doped ferrite MNPs and demonstrate the feasibility of engineered material composition and structure towards the realization of a highly sensitive MNP thermometer. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009010, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009010
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Evaluation of spatio-temporal resolution of MPI scanners with a dynamic bolus phantom
Creators: name: Dutz, Silvio
name: Stang, Anton
name: Wöckel, Lucas
name: Kosch, Olaf
name: Vogel, Patrick
name: Grüttner, Cordula
name: Behr, Volker C.
name: Wiekhorst, Frank
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a tomographic imaging method to determine the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) within a defined volume. To evaluate the spatio-temporal resolution of existing MPI scanners, we developed dynamic MPI measurement phantoms. These segmented flow phantoms consist of a bolus of ferrofluid tracer material, pumped through a tube system. Using a hydrophobic organic carrier oil, cylindrically shaped bolus of different diameter, length, MNP concentrations, and flow velocity can be emulated. Moving boluses were imaged by MPI and the correlation of spatial resolution und velocity of the bolus was investigated. For all bolus dimension and flow velocity combinations, a decreasing spatial resolution and increasing blurring with increasing bolus velocity and decreasing bolus volume was observed. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009011, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009011
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Estimation of FFP accuracy in an MPI scanner with rotating magnets in Halbach arrangement
Creators: name: Schoger, Madleen
name: Hetznecker, Alexander
name: Heinen, Ulrich
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Possible arrangements for the encoding/excitation magnets in an MPI system with rotating permanent magnets were investigated regarding their sensitivity towards magnet misalignments and magnet interference. A slight interaction between neighboring magnet pairs is observed as well as a 179µm/° FFP shift in case of magnet rotation. The use of a Halbach type array further increases the encoding gradient field strength. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009012, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009012
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Submillimeter magnetic particle imaging with low symmetrical field gradient
Creators: name: Takemura, Yasushi
name: Trisnanto, Suko Bagus
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) requires high field gradient to acquire sharp point spread function used to refine spatial resolution for submillimeter imaging of cells and small animal models. Since the steep field gradient potentially causes difficulty in the sample handling and the signal processing, minimizing the field gradient is more practical even though it degrades the spatial resolution. By modulating relaxation responses of magnetic nanotracers at two distinctive frequencies: 2 kHz and 1MHz, we reconstructed images of Resovist® sample placed in a 1.4×1.4 mm2 field of view. This modulated MPI implements 2 sets of permanent magnets of which the same polarity faces one another to create a 2 Tm-1 symmetrical field gradient on the xy plane and 3 Tm-1 on the z axis. Although the spatial resolution appears poor to differentiate two-neighboring circular phantoms of dense liquid samples, we could visualize a 1-mm ring-shaped solid sample with 0.1 mm thickness. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009013, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009013
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
La meraviglia è l'inizio della saggezza! - Socrate - Albert Einstein, Carl Sagan, così come il teologo Abraham Heschel, San Gregorio di Nissa e il poeta-teologo irlandese John O'Donohue e prefazione con la "bellezza" di Kant come genesi della morale + "bellezza della volontà" filippina per il confronto
Creators: name: Peck Jr, Charles E
Publisher: name: Knowledge Commons
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Royal Institute of Philosophy
subject: International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy
subject: Philosophy of Science Association
subject: British Society for the Philosophy of Science
subject: Truth Consciousness, Inc. (USA)
subject: Society for the Anthropology of Consciousness (U.S.)
subject: Consciousness--Research
subject: Consciousness--Social aspects
subject: Seven pillars of wisdom (Lawrence, T. E.)
subject: Wisdom--Biblical teaching
subject: Wisdom (Gnosticism)
subject: Socrates
subject: Irish studies
subject: Irish literature
subject: Irish--Religion
subject: Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955
subject: Saint Gregory's University
subject: Spirituality in art
subject: Spirituality--Social aspects
subject: Spirituality--Psychology

description: Socrate osservò che "La meraviglia è l'inizio della saggezza!" - "Dove l'immaginazione è viva, la meraviglia è completamente viva. Quando l'immaginazione è viva, la possibilità è sveglia perché l'immaginazione è la grande amica della possibilità. Le possibilità sono sempre più interessanti dei fatti. Non dovremmo disapprovare i fatti, ma il nostro mondo ne è congestionato". John O'Donohue
Duemila anni fa, Aristotele osservò la spinta verso la comprensione e la conoscenza quando affermò: "Tutti gli uomini desiderano la conoscenza!" - il desiderio di significato è guidato da un profondo senso di soggezione e meraviglia per il "Tutto", il mondo e l'universo. L'argomento inespresso di Socrate è che la meraviglia, la curiosità e l'immaginazione sono intimamente connesse alla saggezza. Einstein osservò che l'immaginazione era assolutamente fondamentale per tutte le sue scoperte.
Preliminary experiments for detection of reflected signals from magnetic nanoparticles by ultrasound
Creators: name: Huang, Huan
name: Ishihara, Yasutoshi
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: The conventional magnetic particle imaging (MPI) requires large coils and high power inputs that generate a steep magnetic field gradient to reduce image artifacts, without which the blurring of reconstructed images occur. Therefore, a new imaging system based on vibrating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that does not use an alternating magnetic field was proposed to solve this problem. It was observed that the reflection signals from the MNPs could be detected using focused ultrasound. Preliminary experiments were performed to clarify the reflection signal corresponding to the MNPs concentration with an image using a diagnostic ultrasound imaging system. As a result, the MNPs reflection signal’s ultrasound image was not acquired at an MNP concentration of 0.6 mol/L(Fe) or less. Therefore, a detailed examination of the concentration and particle size was required to detect the signal from MNPs. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009014, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009014
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Spatial selectivity enhancement in RF-hyperthermia by magnetic flux confinement
Creators: name: Sajjamark, Kulthisa
name: Franke, Jochen
name: Pietig, Rainer
name: Lehr, Heinrich
name: Niemann, Volker
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Aiming to increase spatial selectivity which provides the precision in hyperthermia therapy and high resolution in imaging, we propose a strategy to increase field gradient for Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) modality. In this study, a solution for an existing MPI system topology was simulated, which uses additional soft magnetic material as iron core retrofit at the center of selection field coil. Due to core property of high magnetic permeability relative to air, magnetic flux gets confined to increase selection field gradient field slope. Within this simulation study, the optimal core position is evaluated whilst its effects on the magnet system is validated. We found that this technique increases the magnetic field gradient up to a factor of 1.4 from 2.5 T/m to 3.4 T/m in z-direction, without significant loading of the drive field resonance circuit due to power losses caused by eddy currents in the MPI compatible iron core shielding. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009015, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009015
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Selection field generation for an open aperture field free line magnetic particle imaging scanner
Creators: name: Top, Can Barış
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: We present the design and measurement results for the selection field generation of an open scanner configuration for field free line (FFL) magnetic particle imaging. The FFL can be rotated electronically using the designed coils. The selection of the imaging plane is possible by asymmetrical excitation of the upper and lower coil groups. The gradient of the magnetic field is orthogonal to its gradient, allowing 2D scan using a single drive coil channel. The mechanical housing of the coils are manually adjustable to provide the highest gradient level for the imaged object size. In the current configuration, a magnetic field gradient between 0.5 T/m - 0.74 T/m can be generated in a 60 mm diameter field of view. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009016, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009016
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
MPI reconstruction using Bessel functions
Creators: name: Maass, Marco
name: Droigk, Christine
name: Mertins, Alfred
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: This publication proposes for the first time a direct reconstruction technique based on weighted Bessel functions of first kind. As basis for the formulation the well-known Chebyshev reconstruction is used. By utilizing the Fourier transform of Chebyshev polynomials of second kind, which is nothing else than a weighted Bessel function of first kind, a new formulation which allows for reconstruction of the particle distribution in the Fourier domain is derived. This method comes with the benefit of allowing for a direct deconvolution in frequency domain. With numerical simulations we show the equivalence to the Chebyshev reconstruction and demonstrate different strategies to perform the deconvolution. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009017, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009017
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
title: Compatibility of Shi‘a Islamic diplomatic law and modern International diplomatic law
Creators: name: Mesbahi, Touba
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2024

description: The discussion around the compatibility between the two legal systems of International diplomatic law and Islamic diplomatic law (sīyār) is often stigmatised by the debate on terrorism and jihād, and the notations of dār al-islām and dār al-ḥarb. Alternatively, controversies over religious rulings by particular Muslim scholars and their Islamic jurisprudential positioning on human rights exacerbate the debate further. This research has attempted to move beyond the exponents of the exclusivist theories by employing an analytical approach to the debate and examining the strengths and weaknesses of arguments made in favour of compatibility or tension in a logical manner. However, any discussion around Islamic diplomatic law encounters misconceptions around the uniformity of religious doctrines and beliefs that constitute the structure of sunnī and shīʻī political standing. This is of particular importance considering the conduct of modern sovereign shīʻī Islamic States such as Iran, and crucial events like the U.S. embassy seizure. Thereby, this research has attempted to review, critique and evaluate the accuracy of arguments made, based on the shīʻa ithnā-ʻasharī School of thought that has been missing within the literature.

Consequently, offering a unique approach to the examination of compatibility between sīyār and modern International diplomatic law, particularly with regard to the concept of diplomatic immunity and privileges through its inclusion of the shīʻī thought. Moreover, by considering the sunnī and shīʻī jurisprudential approaches to the use of sources, combined with a historical review of various events such as the Charter of Madīnah or the Treaty of Ḥudaybīyyah, this research has also identified their similarities and differences including the use of methodological techniques. This allows a critical review of the positioning and adaption of religious rulings by contemporary shīʻī jurists in overcoming the challenges of modern times including those of International relations. The approach also allows an evaluation of the ratification of globally accepted frameworks such as the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations by Muslim States and those identifying themselves as Islamic, with the example of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
( الفروق في الفراغ الوجودي لدى طلبة شعبة علم النفس وعلوم التربية ( دراسة ميدانية وصفية مقارنة.pdf
Creators: name: Mhamel, Imad Eddine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 170106 Health, Clinical and Counselling Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: تهدف الدراسة إلى الكشف عن مستوى الفراغ الوجودي، وقياس الفروق تبعا لمتغير الجنس والشعبة و المستوى الأكاديمي، بلغت عينة الدراسة (120) طالبا وطالبة، من طلبة جامعة بسكرة تم اختيارها بالطريقة العشوائية الطبقية النسبية تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي الاستكشافي الفارقي، واعتمد الباحثان على مقياس الفراغ الوجودي لسارة حسام الدين مصطفى (2013). وتوصلت الدراسة إلى وجود مستوى متوسط من الفراغ الوجودي، وعدم وجود فروق تعزى لمتغير الجنس، والشعبة والمستوى في الفراغ الوجودي.
PM Kisan Samman Nidhi
Creators: name: Gautam, Dr. Bhupendra
name: Joshi, Pratibha
name: Ranjan, Rahul
Publisher: name: Inkbound Publishers
Year: 2024

description: PM-KSNY scheme, came in existence in 2019, as a vital Indian government initiative, anticipated to provide direct financial support to marginal farmers. This program offers a critical aid to those who often grapple with limited resources and financial instability in the volatile agricultural sector. Its core features include the distribution of Rs- 6000 annually, disbursed in three instalments, directly into the bank accounts of eligible farmers who owns up to 2 hectares of agricultural land. This scheme aims to relieve the financial burdens of farmers, amplify their livelihoods, reduce indebtedness, and strengthen and boost the agricultural growth.
An upper bound for the frequency dependent energy of the 2-dimensional system function
Creators: name: Droigk, Christine
name: Maass, Marco
name: Mertins, Alfred
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: In Magnetic Particle Imaging, the behavior of the system matrix energy in dependence of the frequency components has been investigated and relations have been observed. Due to the lack of a closed-form expression for the 2- or 3-dimensional system function, no expression for the energy has been obtained thus far. In this work, we use the recently found expression for the 2-dimensional system function to derive an upper bound for the energy of the 2-dimensional system function as a function of the frequency components. The comparison of the upper bound with the energy of a simulated system matrix confirms the results. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009018, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009018
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
London's Silent Cinemas
Creators: name: O'Rourke, Chris
name: Nightingale, Sam
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2024
Subjects: L725 - Historical geography
P303 - Film studies

description: The scholarly website Londonâ€™s Silent Cinemas explores the history of cinema exhibition in London from the emergence of permanent film venues in 1906 to the end of the silent film era around 1930. It documents the early lives of over 700 cinemas across London and its suburbs, using information gathered from local histories, city council records, film trade journals and directories, cinema programmes, street directories and historic maps and plans.
Development of novel nanoparticles for MPI
Creators: name: Herynek, Vít
name: Babič, Michal
name: Kaman, Ondřej
name: Charvátová, Hana
name: Veselá, Mariana
name: Šefc, Luděk
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Abstract: A modified procedure for preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles was used to produce nanoparticles suitable for magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Cationic and anionic maghemite particles were prepared and coated by poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-co-N-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxo-ethyl]-2-methyl-prop-2-enamide. Bare and coated particles were characterized by magnetometry, dynamic light scattering, MR relaxometry, transmission electron microscopy and tested in vitro in a field-free-point MPI scanner. The nanoparticles were compared to Resovist and to differently oxidized particles dedicated for magnetic resonance imaging (control NP). The cores of particles had an average diameter 8.0 nm (cationic ones) and 8.7 nm (anionic ones), hydrodynamic diameter of coated particles in water colloids was 88 nm, and zeta potential +52 mV or –60 mV for cationic or anionic particles respectively).Cationic particles provided at MPI lower signal-to-noise ratio than Resovist, while anionic higher by 25%. Also signal dispersion to surrounding voxel was smaller. The worst results were reached in the case of control NP. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009019, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009019
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
MNPDynamics: A computational toolbox for simulating magnetic moment behavior of ensembles of nanoparticles
Creators: name: Albers, Hannes
name: Kluth, Tobias
name: Knopp, Tobias
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: In the context of system function modeling for magnetic particle imaging, computing fast and accurate approximations to the time evolution of magnetic nanoparticles' (MNPs) mean magnetic moment is a problem of interest. In a software toolbox we comprise algorithms and methods that can simulate Brownian and Néel rotation of MNPs' magnetic moments that can be used to obtain more accurate model-based system matrices than those relying on the so-called equilibrium model. We present and discuss results obtained with these implementations which are made available in the software toolbox under github.com/MagneticParticleImaging/MNPDynamics.jl to inspire further research in these directions Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009020, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009020
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
London's Silent Cinemas
Creators: name: Author, Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Lincoln
Year: 2024
Subjects: L725 - Historical geography
P303 - Film studies

description: The scholarly website LondonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Silent Cinemas explores the history of cinema exhibition in London from the emergence of permanent film venues in 1906 to the end of the silent film era around 1930. It documents the early lives of over 700 cinemas across London and its suburbs, using information gathered from local histories, city council records, film trade journals and directories, cinema programmes, street directories and historic maps and plans.
Stent Lumen Quantification of 21 Endovascular Stents with MPI
Creators: name: Wegner, Franz
name: Von Gladiss, Anselm
name: Haegele, Julian
name: Grzyska, Ulrike
name: Sieren, Malte
name: Lüdtke-Buzug, Kerstin
name: Barkhausen, Jörg
name: Buzug, Thorsten
name: Friedrich, Thomas
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Restenoses are a common problem after stent implantations and may cause new ischemic events, e.g. heart attacks and strokes. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of in stent stenoses has tremendous clinical impact. Visualization and quantification of the stent lumen with the established noninvasive imaging modalities MRI and CT is severely limited by stent induced artifacts. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MPI can quantify the stent lumen accurately. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009021, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009021
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Magnetic performance of Synomag® nanoparticles in various environments
Creators: name: Riahi, Kalthoum
name: M. Van De Loosdrecht, Melissa
name: Alic, Lejla
name: Ten Haken, Bennie
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: This work is an assessment of changes in magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles in various biological environments. To mimic variations in biological conditions, we have evaluated magnetic performance of Synomag® nanoparticles in two experiments: the effect of viscosity by varying the ratio of glycerol/water mixture and the effect of immobilization after blocking the Brownian relaxation by freeze-drying (to mimic uptake in macrophages). The magnetic response was measured with the Superparamagnetic quantifier. Synomag® exhibits a slight decrease (7.9%) of magnetic response under increased viscosity from η1=0.95 to η6=259.71 mPa.s, and a dramatic magnetic signal drop (78.2%) after freeze-drying. Synomag® nanoparticles are less sensitive to viscosity due to an additional relaxation mechanism of disordered spins within the nanoflowers. However, the magnetic performance has been reduced due to the blocking of Brownian relaxation after immobilization. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009022, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009022
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Estimating orientation using multi-contrast MPI
Creators: name: Möddel, Martin
name: Griese, Florian
name: Kluth, Tobias
name: Knopp, Tobias
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a tracer based tomographic imaging technique that uses static and oscillating magnetic fields to generate an image contrast from the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles. Recent investigations have shown that the MPI is able to generate additional contrasts from different tracer materials or their environments. For example, multi-contrast MPI can be used to determine the viscosity or temperature of the particle environment, or to distinguish tracer particles based on their core size. In this work, we investigate a novel contrast based on the magnetic anisotropy of immobilized particles which allows to estimate the orientation of samples. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009023, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009023
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
MPI visualization and inductive heating of hybrid implant fibers
Creators: name: Mues, Benedikt
name: Tiret, Brice
name: Bauer, Benedict
name: Ortega, Jeanette
name: Gries, Thomas
name: Schmitz-Rode, Thomas
name: Goodwill, Patrick
name: Slabu, Ioana
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: In this study, we evaluate the hyperthermia efficiency of polypropylene (PP) fibers with incorporated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), which are used to develop inductive heatable stents in cancer therapy. Further, we investigate their depiction in magnetic particle imaging (MPI). We show that the intrinsic loss power (ILP) value depends on the MNP agglomeration state and their concentration inside the fibers, while the intensity values in the MPI images show a linear response with MNP concentration. We conclude that MNP dynamic magnetic behavior strongly changes with different MNP agglomeration states and magnetic field settings. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009024, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009024
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Quasi-simultaneous magnetic particle imaging and navigation of nanomag/synomag-D particles in bifurcation flow experiments
Creators: name: Griese, Florian
name: Ludewig, Peter
name: Gruettner, Cordula
name: Thieben, Florian
name: Müller, Knut
name: Knopp, Tobias
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is used to visualize the distribution of superparamagnetic nanoparticles within 3D volumes with high sensitivity in real time. Recently, MPI is utilized to navigate micron-sized particles and micron-sized swimmers, since the magnetic field topology of the MPI scanner is well suited to apply magnetic forces. In this work, we analyze the magnetic mobility and imaging performance of nanomag/synomag-D for Magnetic Particle Imaging/Navigation (MPIN). With MPIN the focus fields are constantly switching between imaging and magnetic force mode, thus enabling quasi-simultaneous navigation and imaging of particles. In flow bifurcation experiment with a 100 % stenosis on one branch, we determine the limiting flow velocity of 1.36 mL/s, which allows all particles to flow only through one branch towards the stenosis. During this experiment, we image the accumulation of the particles within the stenosis. In combination with therapeutic substances, this approach has a high potential for targeted drug delivery. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009025, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009025
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Mag-Guider: permanent magnet systems to steer and image super-paramagnetic particles
Creators: name: Blümler, Peter
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Permanent magnet systems are used for guiding superparamagnetic (nano)particles (SPP) on arbitrary trajectories over large volumes. The basic idea is to use two superimposed magnetic fields: one constant to magnetize and orient the particles, and the other with a constant gradient to exert a force. Changing the angle between them enables steering with constant force at a single angle/direction. The same instrument can also be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the inherent contrast of the SPP. The idea was realized by combining Halbach-cylinders of dipolar and quadrupolar configuration. Prototypes of various sizes and complexity were constructed for different applications (e.g. light-microscopy). An advanced system with two quadrupoles even allows canceling the force, hence stopping the SPP and moving them around sharp edges. This system also allows for MRI and some first experiments are presented. The velocity of SPPs under such conditions was also investigated and modelled. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009026, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009026
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Characterization of noise and background components in MPI raw signals
Creators: name: Paysen, Hendrik
name: Kosch, Olaf
name: Wells, James
name: Schaeffter, Tobias
name: Wiekhorst, Frank
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Interfering noise and background signals deteriorate the image quality of magnetic particle imaging (MPI). In this work, we present the detailed characterization of noise and background factors interfering the acquired MPI raw signals. Empty scanner measurements were obtained to analyze the temporal variations in the short-, mid- and long-term regime. These results form the basis to improve the mandatory understanding of these unwanted signal components to become able to remove or minimize their impact on image reconstruction Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009028, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009028
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Preliminary results: Imaging of in situ labeled Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Magnetic Particle Imaging
Creators: name: Gerosa, Marco
name: Ren, Gang
name: Zhang, Yanrong
name: Goodwill, Patrick
name: Mansfield, Jim
name: Marzola, Pasquina
name: Wintermark, Max
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are thought to be protumoral, enhancing and contributing to cancer progression. The presence of TAMs has been correlated with the metastasis of tumor cells and the inhibition of the antitumoral immune responses mediated by T cells. In this brief paper, we used Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) to detect passively targeted TAMs homing to a breast cancer model. TAMs were passively targeted using PEG-coated Magnetic Nanoparticles (PEG-MNPs). Escalating doses of PEG-MNPs were tested to evaluate TAM uptake at different time points. An MPI signal was detected in liver and tumor for all the groups except at the lowest dose. A novel quantitation workflow has also been proposed to calculate the quantity of iron inside the different tissues. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009029, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009029
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Reducing displacement artifacts by warping system matrices in efficient joint multi-patch magnetic particle imaging
Creators: name: Boberg, Marija
name: Knopp, Tobias
name: Möddel, Martin
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: The reconstruction of multi-patch magnetic particle imaging data requires a compromise between image quality and calibration time. While optimal image quality is ensured by the joint reconstruction approach, a system matrix needs to be acquired for each patch. One can reuse system matrices by shifting them in space, which decreases the calibration effort but leads to distortions due to field imperfections. In this work, we introduce a method for reducing displacement artifacts in the efficient joint multi-patch reconstruction. Based on the magnetic fields we propose a mapping that warps the central system matrix to capture the spatial displacement of off-center system matrices. In this way, we can maintain the low calibration time while significantly improving the image quality. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009030, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009030
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Highly symmetric filter for a fully differential receive chain
Creators: name: Schumacher, Jonas
name: Malhotra, Ankit
name: Gräfe, Ksenija
name: Buzug, Thorsten M.
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Differential signaling can provide a higher fidelity of the receive signals in MPI, which is especially important for mobile scanner setups not being operated in a shielding room. A passive, highly symmetrical filter is presented as a part of the fully differential receive chain of the scanner setup. Due to the combined use with a gradiometric receive coil, the requirements for the components in terms of voltage and current specifications can be lowered which allows for partly building the filter on a PCB with well-matched SMD capacitors and trace lengths. The achieved attenuation for the differential-mode excitation field feedthrough is 77 dB while providing a common-mode rejection of more than 49 dB throughout the receive bandwidth. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009031, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009031
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Simulations of magnetic particles with arbitrary anisotropies
Creators: name: Neumann, Alexander
name: Buzug, Thorsten
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: To simulate the behavior of realistic magnetic particles in magnetic particle imaging it is not enough to perform simulations assuming only a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy due to the complex coupling between the magnetic and the mechanic degrees of freedom of the particle in multidimensional excitation fields. Most particles can only be approximated of having uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy. As such, this work will discuss the shortcoming of currently used models focusing on only uniaxial anisotropy and show how a theoretical model must be defined to allow for arbitrary anisotropy energies. First simulation results showing the differences between different anisotropy energies will be presented at the workshop. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009032, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009032
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
First images obtained with a rabbit-sized Magnetic Particle Imaging scanner
Creators: name: Stelzner, Jan
name: Gräfe, Ksenija
name: Buzug, Thorsten M.
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: The subject of this work is a magnetic-particle-imaging system featuring a field generator with an inner bore diameter of 180 mm. The scanner, which is large enough to accommodate small animals, is capable of generating a selection field either with a field free point or with a field free line. In this work, the imaging system is used to acquire two-dimensional data from a particle distribution using a field free point to record a system matrix. Finally, a plain particle phantom is measured to evaluate the imaging data and show the first two-dimensional image that is recorded with this setup. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009033, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009033
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)
Temperature-dependent spectrum measurement using a magnetic particle spectrometer
Creators: name: Chen, Xin
name: Behrends, André
name: Malhotra, Ankit
name: Neumann, Alexander
name: Buzug, Thorsten
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2020

description: Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel imaging modality to map the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with high sensitivity and without ionizing radiation. A magnetic particle spectrometer (MPS) is used to measure the response of SPIONs and acquire the system matrix of the imaging devices. A three-dimensional MPS has been presented lately including a temperature control unit in the sample chamber, which is able to acquire the samples’ spectra at different temperatures. In this paper, the spectra of the SPIONs sample measured at different temperatures are presented and compared. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 6(2), Suppl. 1, 2020, Article ID: 2009034, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2020.2009034
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 6 No 2 Suppl. 1 (2020)