Photinopygus apicalis
Creators: name: Chatzimanolis, Stylianos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Photinopygus
Photinopygus apicalis

description: Photinopygus apicalis (Sharp, 1876)
(Figs. 23–30)
Xanthopygus apicalis Sharp, 1876: 128.
Photinopygus apicalis (Sharp); Chatzimanolis 2021: 91.
Type material. Lectotype, here designated, male, with labels: “[on white cardboard] Xanthopygus apicalis Amazons ♁ Type D.S.” / “Type” / “Ega [Tefé, Amazonas; -3.35°, -64.71°]” / “ S. America Brazil ” / “Sharp Coll. 1905-313” / “ Xanthopygus apicalis Amazons ♁ Type D.S. / “Lectotype Xanthopygus apicalis Sharp, des. Chatzimanolis 2022 ”. In the collection of NHMUK. Paralectotype, here designated, female, with labels: “ Type ” / “ Ega [Tefé, Amazonas; -3.35°, -64.71°]” / “ S. America Brazil ” / “Sharp Coll. 1905-313” / “ Xanthopygus apicalis Amazons ♀ Type D.S. Amazons ” / “Paralectotype Xanthopygus apicalis Sharp, des. Chatzimanolis 2022 ”. In the collection of NHMUK.
Additional Materials. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Tefé [-3.35°, -64.71°], Sharp coll. (1 ♁ NHMUK); Mato Grosso: Sinop [-11.85°, -55.51°], ix.1974, M. Alvarenga leg. (1 ♁ AMNH); São Paulo: São Paulo [-23.55°, -46.63°] (1 ♁ NHMUK); unknown state: unknown locality (1 ♁ NHMUK); COLOMBIA: Amazonas: PNN Amacayacu Matamata [-3.78°, -70.28°], 150 m, 25.viii.–3.ix.2001, malaise, D. Chota leg., SM0549105 (1 ♁ SEMC); Cgtp. La Pedrera Comunidad Camaritigua [-1.33°, -69.58°], 380 m, 24.xii.2003–13.i.2004, malaise, J. López leg. (1 ♀ SEMC); Huila: Gigante, 1982, Rochas leg., SM0080028 (1♁ SEMC); Magdalena: El Banco [9.00°, -73.98°], C. Allen leg. (1 ♀ NHMUK); Valle del Cauca: PNN Farallones de Cali, Anchicaya [3.43°, -76.80°], 650 m, 28.viii–11.ix.2001, malaise, S. Sarria leg, SM0650628 (1 ♁ SEMC); same locality, 17–31.vii.2001, SM0549116 (1 ♁ SEMC); same locality, 8–21.xi.2000, SM0549120 (1 ♁ SEMC); same locality, 8.v.–19.vi.2001, SM0549121 (1 ♁ SEMC); same locality, 30.i.–13.ii.2001, SM0549126 (1 ♁ UTCI); same locality, 10–25.x.2000, SM0466864 (1 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 730 m, 27.ii.–27.iii.2001, SM0549127, SM0549115 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 730 m, 18.vii.– 1.viii.2000, SM0549129 (1 ♀ SEMC); Putomayo: Santa Rosa, Kofan Indian Village [0.73°, -76.59°], 2–24.x.1970, along forest trail, B. Malkin leg., FMNHINS4030593, FMNHINS4030594 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ FMNH); COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Atenas, [9.98°, -84.37°], Schild-Burgdorf coll., FMNHINS3975463, FMNHINS3975850 (2 ♀ FMNH; 1 ♀ USNM); San Carlos [10.62°, -84.51°], Schild-Burgdorf coll. (1 ♁, 1 ♀ MCZ; 1 ♀ USNM); Santa Clara de San Carlos [10.36°, -84.51°], 400 m, 17.ii.[19]64, H.E. Evans leg. (1 ♁ MCZ); Valle Escondido Lodge, San RamonFortuna Rd. km 32 [10.27°, -84.52°], 16.v.1999, D. Brzoska leg., SM0144216 (1 ♁ SEMC); Cartago: Turrialba [9.88°, -83.68°], 650 m, 29.ii.1980, H. & A. Howden leg. (2 ♀ CNC); same locality, 600 m, 16–20.v.1979, J.M. & B.A. Campbell (1 ♁, 4 ♀ CNC); same locality, 4.iv.1986, L. Masner leg. (1 ♁ CNC); same locality, 7.viii.[19]65, A. Raske leg. (1 ♀ CNC); same locality, 800 m, A. Hayne coll. (1 ♁ MFNB); same locality, A. Hayne coll. (1 ♀ MFNB); same locality, 800 m (1 ♀ MFNB); Puntarenas: San Vito, Wilson Botanical Garden [8.78°, -82.96°], 20.vi.1990, D. Brzoska leg., SM0079962, SM0079963 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ SEMC); ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: Zapallo Grande [0.79°, -78.98°], 4.ii.1988, M. Huybenez, FMNHINS4030570 (1 ♁ FMNH); Napo: unknown locality, B. Haensch. S. leg. (1 ♁ MFNB); Pastaza: Cusuimi, Rio Cusuimi, 150km SE Puyo [-2.42°, -77.00°], 15–31.v.1971, at light, B. Malkin leg., FMNHINS4030596, FMNHINS4030595 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ FMNH); Sucumbios: Limoncocha [-0.40°, -76.60°], 250 m, 9–16.iii.1976, J. M. Cambell leg. (1 ♁ CNC); same locality, 15–28.vi.1976, S. & J. Peck leg. (7 ♀ CNC); Sacha Lodge [-0.50°, -76.50°], 270 m, 24.iii.–3.vi.1994, malaise, P. Hibbs leg., SM0024975, SM0024992 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 3–16.viii.1994, SM0020838 (1 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 4–14.iii.1994, SM0025181 (1 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 25.vii.–3.viii.1994, SM0023441, SM0023403 (2 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 20–30.ix.1994, SM0024149 (1 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 14–24.v.1994, SM0023559 (1 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 13–23.vi.1994, SM0022379 (1 ♀ SEMC); unknown province: unknown locality (1 ♁ NHMUK); PANAMA: Colón: Parque Soberania, Pipeline Rd, km 9–12 [9.12°, -79.75°], 26.v.1995, D. Brzoska leg., SM0089146, SM0089145 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 40 m, 23.vi.1995, R. Brooks leg., SM0018842 (1 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 26.vi.1995, at light, J.&A. Ashe leg., SM0006169 (1 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 17–18.v.1995, FIT, Chaboo, Jolly, Hayford leg., SM0080058 (1 ♀ SEMC); Darién: Cana Biological Station [7.76°, -77.69°], 530 m, 9.vi.1996, misc collecting, J. Ashe, R. Brooks leg., SM0034356 (1 ♀ SEMC); same locality, 6.vi.1996, SM0034368 (1 ♁ UTCI); same locality, fruit fall, 8.vi.1996, SM0034240, SM0034248, SM0034244, SM0034243, SM0034245, SM0034247, SM0034242, SM0034241 (1 ♁ UTCI; 3 ♁, 4 ♀ SEMC); Panamá: Parque National Soberania, Old Plantation Trail, km 4.0 [9.07°, -79.65°], 175 m, 1–2.vii.1995, A. Gilllogly leg., SM0018789 (1 ♁ SEMC); same locality, 25.ix.2007, beating and sweeping, L. Sekerka leg. (1 ♁ NMHUK); PERU: Amazonas: Rio Santiago [-3.98°, -78.12°], 14.xi.[19]24, H. Bassler coll. (1 ♁ AMNH); Huánuco: Chinchao, 25 km below Carpish. [-9.77°, -76.09°], 2500 m, 1946, F. Woytkowski leg. (1 ♁ AMNH); Junín: Chanchamayo [-11.00°, -75.25°], Sharp coll. (1 ♀ NHMUK); Loreto: Rio Ucayali, Yucuruche [-4.51°, -73.44°], 1.i.1999, D. Brzoska leg. (1 ♁ SM0204955); unknown department: unknown locality (1 ♀ MFNB).
Diagnosis. Photinopygus apicalis belongs in the convex pronotum species group. Among species of that group, P. apicalis can be recognized by the following combination of characters: tergite 5 with curved carina (arch-like) only at lateral margins; median lobe in lateral view with rather small subapical tool (Fig. 27; subapical tooth much larger in P. calidus, P. cyanipennis, P. hilaris, and P. schedonapicalis with hook-like subapical tooth), and paramere longer than median lobe.
Description. Forebody (Fig. 23) length 5.5–7.0 mm. Color of head, pronotum and mesoscutellum dark brown to black; antennae orange; legs dark brown to black except protarsi dark orange; elytra metallic blue with green or purple overtones; abdomen dark brown to black except segments 7 (completely orange or posterior half orange) and 8 (orange). Antenna (Fig. 26) with antennomere 3 without tomentose pubescence; antennomere 4 with tomentose pubescence; antennomeres 4–7 longer than wide; antennomeres 8–10 subquadrate. Head transverse; HW/HL ratio = 1.33–1.38. Posterior margin of head slightly extended posteriad on each side of neck. Head with medium-sized punctures, distance between punctures as wide as 1–2 punctures but punctures denser posteriorly. Left mandible with bicuspid tooth. Pronotum (Fig. 25) subquadrate; PW/PL ratio = 1.04–1.11. Lateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view posteriad of midpoint convex; pronotum with 7–8 sparse rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line; distance between punctures as wide as 1–2 punctures but areas of pronotum without punctures. EL/PL ratio = 1.33–1.50. Elytra with dense punctation; distance between punctures as wide as 0–0.5 punctures. Metepisternum covered with punctures (impunctate area less than 1/3). Abdomen with tergite 3 having setose punctures only on posterior margin; tergite 4 setose; tergites 3–4 with curved carina (arch-like); tergite 5 with curved carina only at lateral margins. In males, sternite 7 without porose structure, sternite 7 with shallow and broad emargination posteriorly; sternite 8 with medium U-shaped emargination posteriorly, emargination with ‘shaved’ (glabrous) margin (Fig. 24). Aedeagus as in Figs. 27–29; in dorsal view paramere gradually converging to broad rounded apex; paramere longer and wider than median lobe; in lateral view paramere becoming narrower and concave near tip; paramere with peg setae in multiple lateral rows as in Fig. 29. Median lobe in dorsal view converging to pointed tip; in lateral view median lobe becoming narrower; median lobe with small subapical tooth.
Distribution. Broadly distributed in Central and South America. Known from the states of Amazonas, Mato Grosso and São Paulo in Brazil, the departments of Amazonas, Huila, Magdalena, Valle del Cauca and Putomayo in Colombia, the provinces of Alajuela, Cartago, and Puntarenas in Costa Rica, the provinces of Esmeraldas, Napo, Pastaza and Sucumbios in Ecuador, the provinces of Colón, Darién and Panamá in Panama, and the departments of Amazonas, Huánuco, Junín and Loreto in Peru. Map is shown in Fig. 30.
Habitat. Collected from 40–2500 m elevation with malaise traps, at lights, at fruit fall and by beating and sweeping.
description: Published as part of Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, 2023, A revision of the genus Photinopygus Chatzimanolis (Staphylinidae: Xanthopygina), pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5292 (1) on pages 16-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5292.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7959518