cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric blockade and multi-qubit gates via dipole-dipole interactions
Creators: name: Young, Jeremy T.
name: Bienias, Przemyslaw
name: Belyansky, Ron
name: Kaufman, Adam M.
name: Gorshkov, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to their strong and tunable interactions, Rydberg atoms can be used to realize fast two-qubit entangling gates. We propose a generalization of a generic two-qubit Rydberg-blockade gate to multi-qubit Rydberg-blockade gates which involve both many control qubits and many target qubits simultaneously. This is achieved by using strong microwave fields to dress nearby Rydberg states, leading to asymmetric blockade in which control-target interactions are much stronger than control-control and target-target interactions. The implementation of these multi-qubit gates can drastically simplify both quantum algorithms and state preparation. To illustrate this, we show that a 25-atom GHZ state can be created using only three gates with an error of 7.8%.
description: 5+4 pages, 3+2 figures
Représenter la ville : Développement d'un modèle de données complexe pour l'étude de l'espace urbain
Creators: name: Prudhomme, Colin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: humanités numériques
études urbaines
fabrique de l'espace
histoire
histoire de l'art
géohistoire
iconographie
cartographie
système d'information géographique
classification non supervisée
graphe géohistorique
résection
lasergrammétrie
photogrammétrie
modélisation 3D
base de données
approche quantitative

description: Résumé :

L’étude de l’espace urbain et des modalités de son évolution est une part intégrante d’un certain nombre de disciplines en Sciences Humaines et Sociales, car elle est riche en renseignements sur les sociétés qui l’ont produit et dont notre monde de plus en plus urbanisé hérite. L’objectif de la présente étude est de réfléchir à une modélisation diachronique de la ville intégrant le grand nombre de diverses sources renseignant sa fabrique matérielle et sociale, afin ensuite de les croiser et ainsi être en mesure d’apporter des éclairages nouveaux sur la fabrique de l’espace et le regard que lui portent les sociétés qui l’investissent. Le développement de ce modèle inclut la création de méthodes d’analyse quantitatives qualifiant et renseignant ces transformations, en intégrant les questions de pertinence et de réutilisabilité au travers de l’application à une étude de cas.

Abstract :

The study of urban space and the ways in which it evolves overtime is a key part in several disciplines in the Humanities, as it can provide valuable insights into the societies that have produced it and that our increasingly urbanized world inherit from. The objective of this study is thus to develop a diachronic model of said urban space that incorporates a large number of sources that relate in different ways to its material and social fabric, in order to compare and cross the information they possess and shed a new light on the construction of space and the ways the societies that inhabit that space choose to represent it. In order to do so, the development of this model also consists in developing quantitative analysis methods through which we can detect and qualify these various elements while keeping in mind the all-important issues of relevance and reusability, which have been checked for through the application of the model on a case stud .
Respingimenti “sommari” alla frontiera e migranti “disobbedienti”: dalla Corte di Strasburgo un overruling inaspettato nel caso ND e NT c. Spagna
Creators: name: Bernardini, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: Cultura giuridica e diritto vivente
Year: 2020

description: [“Hasty” push-backs at the border and “reluctant” migrants: an unpredicted overruling in the ND and NT v. Spain case from ECtHR] This paper aims to analyse whether a recent decision of the ECtHR concerning hasty push-backs at the border of Mellila against irregular migrants may breach the fundamental guarantees enshrined in the ECHR. In particular, the main ECHR legal framework vis-à-vis “collective expulsions” and “effective remedy” will be outlined, in order to understand how the Court might have overruled its well-established case-law on the matter. Whilst the Court sets forth some crucial statements regarding the intangibility of international obligations, this decision looks as if it nonetheless could allow dangerous practices to be implemented by borders authorities, namely the possibility to expel foreigners without providing them with an effective and individualised exam upon their status, due to their blameworthy conduct.
description: Cultura giuridica e diritto vivente, V. 7 (2020)
La “metamorfosi” del diritto internazionale e il cortocircuito della sovranità dello Stato
Creators: name: Schettini, Miriam
Publisher: name: Cultura giuridica e diritto vivente
Year: 2020

description: [The International Law "metamorphosis" and the short-circuit of the State sovereignty] The paper aims to analyze the emergence of an International Community on the international plane. In the first part, we will consider the evolution of the concept of Sovereignty in International Law as a consequence of the development and the change of the International Society. In particular, we will highlight the limitations imposed on the will of the State that seems to enter into a sort of “short-circuit”. In the second part of the paper, we will ask ourselves if another kind of law on the international plane is conceivable and if this would lead to a Universal International Community.
description: Cultura giuridica e diritto vivente, V. 7 (2020)
A modified axiomatic foundation of the analytic hierarchy process
Creators: name: Liu, Fang
name: Zhang, Wei-Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.3
subject: 91B06

description: This paper reports a modified axiomatic foundation of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), where the reciprocal property of paired comparisons is broken. The novel concept of reciprocal symmetry breaking is proposed to characterize the considered situation without reciprocal property. It is found that the uncertainty experienced by the decision maker can be naturally incorporated into the modified axioms. Some results are derived from the new axioms involving the new concept of approximate consistency and the method of eliciting priorities. The phenomenon of ranking reversal is revisited from a theoretical viewpoint under the modified axiomatic foundation. The situations without ranking reversal are addressed and called ranking equilibrium. The likelihood of ranking reversal is captured by introducing a possibility degree index based on the Kendall's coefficient of concordance. The modified axioms and the derived facts form a novel operational basis of the AHP choice model under some uncertainty. The observations reveal that a more flexible expression of decision information could be accepted as compared to the judgments with reciprocal property.
description: 28 pages; 3 figures; submitted to a journal
RURAL LABOR MIGRATION: Migrant Network, Information, and Hysteresis
Creators: name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Zhao, Jinhua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: We investigate a rural household's decision to migrate part or all of its labor to urban areas. Labor migrates only when the expected return passes a hurdle rate that is affected by migration networks. We develop a dynamic model of incomplete information, and characterize the unique pure strategy perfect Bayesian equilibrium. Based on the predictions of the equilibrium, we develop a set of econometric models to estimate the migration decisions. Our results show that more current information helps migration, while the expectation of more information in the future may higher migration.
Testing for Yield Persistency: Is It Skill or is It Luck?
Creators: name: Urcola, Hernan A.
name: Schnitkey, Gary D.
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Sherrick, Bruce J.
name: Urcola, Hernan A.
name: Schnitkey, Gary D.
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Sherrick, Bruce J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This study uses corn yield data from McLean County, Illinois to test whether farmer skill influences yields. This analysis is conducted by performing persistency tests on unadjusted, soil productivity adjusted (PA), and productivity and input intensity adjusted (PIA) yields. Correlation analysis and winner/loser tables indicate that unadjusted, PA, and PIA yields exhibit persistency across time. PIA yields exhibiting persistency is consistent with farmer skill influencing yield. Hence, our results support the hypothesis that farmer skill influences yields.
MEASUREMENT OF PRICE RISK IN REVENUE INSURANCE: IMPLICATIONS OF DISTRIBUTIONAL ASSUMPTIONS
Creators: name: Roberts, Matthew C.
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Coble, Keith H.
name: Roberts, Matthew C.
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Coble, Keith H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Risk and Uncertainty

description: A variety of crop revenue insurance programs is now available. These programs require measurement of price risk. This article investigates the appropriateness of distributional assumptions underlying current and proposed alternative actuarial methods. Our results find that prices are best modeled using a flexible mixture of normals distribution.
STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS AND PEANUT MARKET PERFORMANCE IN SENEGAL
Creators: name: Lopez, Rigoberto A.
name: Hathie, Ibrahima
name: Lopez, Rigoberto A.
name: Hathie, Ibrahima
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: International Development
Production Economics

description: The impacts of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) on social welfare are investigated using data from the Senegalese peanut sector. The findings suggest that SAP policies resulted in dramatic decreases in peanut production, undermining the profitability of the peanut processing plants as well. Overall, the Senegalese society suffered net welfare losses.
Understanding Echo Chambers in E-commerce Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Ge, Yingqiang
name: Zhao, Shuya
name: Zhou, Honglu
name: Pei, Changhua
name: Sun, Fei
name: Ou, Wenwu
name: Zhang, Yongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Personalized recommendation benefits users in accessing contents of interests effectively. Current research on recommender systems mostly focuses on matching users with proper items based on user interests. However, significant efforts are missing to understand how the recommendations influence user preferences and behaviors, e.g., if and how recommendations result in \textit{echo chambers}. Extensive efforts have been made in examining the phenomenon in online media and social network systems. Meanwhile, there are growing concerns that recommender systems might lead to the self-reinforcing of user's interests due to narrowed exposure of items, which may be the potential cause of echo chamber. In this paper, we aim to analyze the echo chamber phenomenon in Alibaba Taobao -- one of the largest e-commerce platforms in the world. Echo chamber means the effect of user interests being reinforced through repeated exposure to similar contents. Based on the definition, we examine the presence of echo chamber in two steps. First, we explore whether user interests have been reinforced. Second, we check whether the reinforcement results from the exposure of similar contents. Our evaluations are enhanced with robust metrics, including cluster validity and statistical significance. Experiments are performed on extensive collections of real-world data consisting of user clicks, purchases, and browse logs from Alibaba Taobao. Evidence suggests the tendency of echo chamber in user click behaviors, while it is relatively mitigated in user purchase behaviors. Insights from the results guide the refinement of recommendation algorithms in real-world e-commerce systems.
JOBS OR SALMON? THE RELIABILITY OF NONUSE STATED PREFERENCES
Creators: name: Mathews, Kristy E.
name: Johnson, F. Reed
name: Mathews, Kristy E.
name: Johnson, F. Reed
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Livestock Production/Industries

description: This paper reports on results for a graded-pair comparison questionnaire where respondents rate pairs of Pacific Northwest salmon preservation options. Each of the preservation options includes the number of jobs lost and the level of salmon preserved. Ordered-probit analysis is used to estimate WTP for salmon preservation and avoiding unemployment.
From A Systematic Investigation of Faculty-Produced Think-Pair-Share Questions to Frameworks for Characterizing and Developing Fluency-Inspiring Activities
Creators: name: French, Rica Sirbaugh
name: Prather, Edward E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our investigation of 353 faculty-produced multiple-choice Think-Pair-Share questions leads to key insights into faculty members' ideas about the discipline representations and intellectual tasks that could engage learners on key topics in physics and astronomy. The results of this work illustrate that, for many topics, there is a lack of variety in the representations featured, intellectual tasks posed, and levels of complexity fostered by the questions faculty develop. These efforts motivated and informed the development of two frameworks: (1) a curriculum characterization framework that allows us to systematically code active learning strategies in terms of the discipline representations, intellectual tasks, and reasoning complexity that an activity offers the learner; and (2) a curriculum development framework that guides the development of activities deliberately focused on increasing learners' discipline fluency. We analyze the faculty-produced Think-Pair-Share questions with our curriculum characterization framework, then apply our curriculum development framework to generate (1) Fluency-Inspiring Questions, a more pedagogically powerful extension of a well-established instructional strategy, and (2) Student Representation Tasks, a brand new type of instructional activity in astronomy that shifts the responsibility for generating appropriate representations onto the learners. We explicitly unpack and provide examples of Fluency-Inspiring Questions and Student Representation Tasks, detailing their usage of Pedagogical Discipline Representations coupled with novel question and activity formats.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, accepted to "Physical Review Physics Education Research Focused Collection Curriculum Development: Theory into Design"
RISK AND PROFITS INSURANCE AND PRICING STRATEGIES FOR GRAIN PRODUCERS IN SELECTED REGIONS OF THE U.S., A SERIES OF CASE STUDIES
Creators: name: Baldwin, E. Dean
name: Wisner, Robert N.
name: Blue, E. Neal
name: Baldwin, E. Dean
name: Wisner, Robert N.
name: Blue, E. Neal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Pre-harvest corn and soybean options-based pricing strategies, and crop yield and revenue insurance were applied to model farms in three states. These combinations reduced income variability while increasing net incomes relative to uninsured harvest cash sales. Adding crop insurances to pre-harvest pricing reduced net incomes from those with pre-harvest pricing alone, but produced larger incomes than uninsured harvest sales. The Ohio model farm was modified to reflect (1) a debt-free operation, (2) a cash renter, and (3) a buyer-renter operation. No strategy was able to cover opportunity costs on investments for types (1) and (3). For farm type (3), mean net cash-flow returns were negative for harvest cash sales, but positive when pre-harvest pricing was added with and without insurance.
INFORMATION VALUE AND RISK PREMIUM IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION UNDER RISK: THE CASE OF SPLIT NITROGEN APPLICATION FOR CORN
Creators: name: Thomas, Alban
name: Bontems, Philippe
name: Thomas, Alban
name: Bontems, Philippe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper considers an agricultural production model of sequential nitrogen application under risk. Because of random shocks between successive production stages, optimal fertilization decisions depend on the magnitude of farmers' risk aversion (risk premium), and the possibility for farmers to process information (value of information). We propose a joint estimation procedure of technology and risk aversion parameters, using a structural, simulation-based econometric technique. Parameter estimates for the representative farmer's utility function allow to compute both the value of information and the risk premium for farmers. Those account together for about 30 percent of fertilizer cost for Midwest corn producers.
STUDIES ON ARGUMENTATION & LEGAL PHILOSOPHY / 4 RAGIONI ED EMOZIONI NELLA DECISIONE GIUDIZIALE
Creators: name: Manzin, Maurizio
name: Puppo, Federico
name: Tomasi, Serena
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Trento
Year: 2021

description: Il dualismo tra emozione e ragione ha permeato a lungo l’esperienza del giudizio: croce (la prima) e delizia (la seconda) del giusto decisore, secondo un’opinione diffusa. Tuttavia, con l’indebolirsi della narrazione razionalista, per la quale è opportuno che nel momento decisionale la ragione sottometta le emozioni, nell’ultimo decennio si sono moltiplicati gli studi sull’ineliminabile ruolo che le emozioni svolgono durante l’attività cognitiva. I contributi qui raccolti s’inseriscono in quest’ambito di ricerca, offrendo al lettore giurista una panoramica ad ampio spettro. Dall’Antigone di Sofocle alle trasmissioni televisive di Tv Justiça in Brasile, dal Law and Literature all’informatica giuridica, si snoda un filo rosso che unisce diritto, logica e neuroscienze, grazie al quale è possibile ripensare la complessità sottesa alla decisione. Quasi in filigrana, dalla lettura dei diversi autori, emerge la necessità d’inquadrare il ragionamento giudiziale in una cornice argomentativa inclusiva, secondo la lezione aristotelica, di logos, pathos ed ethos. Una prospettiva retorica, quindi, capace di offrire nuova linfa agli studi logico-giuridici, ma soprattutto di custodire l’autentica natura – relazionale – dell’uomo attraverso lo strumento della decisione giudiziale.
PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL AND NON AGRICULTURAL BANKS IN THE UNITED STATES: DEA APPROACH
Creators: name: Dias, Weeratilake
name: Dias, Weeratilake
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Financial Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Efficient operation of agricultural credit markets is very important both for the producer as well as for the policy makers. DEA approach is used to calculate productivity analysis which allows decomposition of sources of productivity changes into efficiency and technical change. Measured efficiencies are comparable to most recent parametric studies.
5. An Input Catalogue for Hipparcos
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: ESA's precursor to Gaia, Hipparcos, observed more than 100,000 stars in the early 1990s. The observing programme had to be pre-planned, in an effort that occupied many scientists for several years. That experience assisted the development of the techniques that Gaia uses today to detect everything that it observes directly on-board.
PLANNING AND ENGAGEMENT ARENAS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY LANDSCAPES - PEARLS series - 2019/2
Creators: name: Albatici, Rossano
name: Zanon, Bruno
Publisher: name: Università di Trento
Year: 2021

description: The book is about the European project "Planning and Engagement Arenas for Renewable Energy Landscapes - PEARLS", funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Staff Exchange within the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action. In particular, this book describes the research questions and the semantic map, as well as the five main work packages of which the project is composed. For each WP, the objectives and the methodological framework are described, in order to give appropriate answers to the first questions.
Adaptive Checkpoint Adjoint Method for Gradient Estimation in Neural ODE
Creators: name: Zhuang, Juntang
name: Dvornek, Nicha
name: Li, Xiaoxiao
name: Tatikonda, Sekhar
name: Papademetris, Xenophon
name: Duncan, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) have recently attracted increasing attention; however, their empirical performance on benchmark tasks (e.g. image classification) are significantly inferior to discrete-layer models. We demonstrate an explanation for their poorer performance is the inaccuracy of existing gradient estimation methods: the adjoint method has numerical errors in reverse-mode integration; the naive method directly back-propagates through ODE solvers, but suffers from a redundantly deep computation graph when searching for the optimal stepsize. We propose the Adaptive Checkpoint Adjoint (ACA) method: in automatic differentiation, ACA applies a trajectory checkpoint strategy which records the forward-mode trajectory as the reverse-mode trajectory to guarantee accuracy; ACA deletes redundant components for shallow computation graphs; and ACA supports adaptive solvers. On image classification tasks, compared with the adjoint and naive method, ACA achieves half the error rate in half the training time; NODE trained with ACA outperforms ResNet in both accuracy and test-retest reliability. On time-series modeling, ACA outperforms competing methods. Finally, in an example of the three-body problem, we show NODE with ACA can incorporate physical knowledge to achieve better accuracy. We provide the PyTorch implementation of ACA: \url{https://github.com/juntang-zhuang/torch-ACA}.
OFF-FARM WORK PARTICIPATION, OFF-FARM LABOR SUPPLY AND ON-FARM LABOR DEMAND OF U.S. FARM OPERATORS
Creators: name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Farm Management
Labor and Human Capital
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The paper presents econometric evidence on off-farm work participation, off-farm hours of work, and on-farm hours of work for U.S. farm operators using a national sample of farmers for the USDA's 1991 Farm Costs and Return Survey.
Effects of nonylphenol on stress response in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Creators: name: Suto, Akiko
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: During the last few decades, there has been a great concern about the impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the health of wildlife and human populations. Nonylphenol, a degraded product of a widely used surfactant, has recently been identified as an estrogenic EDC. A set of experiments were conducted to examine how exposure to three levels (4, 20, and lOOppb) of nonylphenol for certain periods (1-3 weeks) affected physiological function in rainbow trout over time, in terms of their response to an acute stress of air exposure. It was shown that a high level (lOOppb) of nonylphenol suppresses the elevation of plasma Cortisol level in rainbow trout in response to the acute stress of air exposure. In addition, the fish treated with nonylphenol were incapable of reducing their Cortisol levels back to pre-stress levels after 24 hours. The normal response of plasma glucose levels to the stress was observed. Plasma levels of thyroid hormones decreased significantly (p<0.0\) after exposure to the high level of nonylphenol for 3 weeks. Nitrite, a toxic chemical naturally present in the aquatic environment, was used in the experiment for comparison and had no effect on the normal stress response of Cortisol. The results from these experiments suggest that nonylphenol may have negative impacts on fish, such as a lower chance of survival and vulnerability to diseases, by interfering with normal function of the endocrine system.
Learning Personalized Risk Preferences for Recommendation
Creators: name: Ge, Yingqiang
name: Xu, Shuyuan
name: Liu, Shuchang
name: Fu, Zuohui
name: Sun, Fei
name: Zhang, Yongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid growth of e-commerce has made people accustomed to shopping online. Before making purchases on e-commerce websites, most consumers tend to rely on rating scores and review information to make purchase decisions. With this information, they can infer the quality of products to reduce the risk of purchase. Specifically, items with high rating scores and good reviews tend to be less risky, while items with low rating scores and bad reviews might be risky to purchase. On the other hand, the purchase behaviors will also be influenced by consumers' tolerance of risks, known as the risk attitudes. Economists have studied risk attitudes for decades. These studies reveal that people are not always rational enough when making decisions, and their risk attitudes may vary in different circumstances. Most existing works over recommendation systems do not consider users' risk attitudes in modeling, which may lead to inappropriate recommendations to users. For example, suggesting a risky item to a risk-averse person or a conservative item to a risk-seeking person may result in the reduction of user experience. In this paper, we propose a novel risk-aware recommendation framework that integrates machine learning and behavioral economics to uncover the risk mechanism behind users' purchasing behaviors. Concretely, we first develop statistical methods to estimate the risk distribution of each item and then draw the Nobel-award winning Prospect Theory into our model to learn how users choose from probabilistic alternatives that involve risks, where the probabilities of the outcomes are uncertain. Experiments on several e-commerce datasets demonstrate that our approach can achieve better performance than many classical recommendation approaches, and further analyses also verify the advantages of risk-aware recommendation beyond accuracy.
HOW ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCE THE NUTRIENT CONTENT OF DIETS
Creators: name: Huang, Kuo S.
name: Huang, Kuo S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Economic factors such as food prices and consumer income affect food choices with consequences for the availability of nutrients. A model is developed to estimate how the availability of 28 nutrients would change as consumers alter their food purchases in response to changes in food prices and income.
PLANNING AND ENGAGEMENT ARENAS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY LANDSCAPES - PEARLS series - 2018/1
Creators: name: Albatici, Rossano
name: Zanon, Bruno
Publisher: name: Università di Trento
Year: 2021

description: The book is about the European project "Planning and Engagement Arenas for Renewable Energy Landscapes - PEARLS", funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Staff Exchange within the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action. In particular, this book describes the general objectives of the project, the expected impacts of the various phases, the consortium and its organisation, as well as the tools used to disseminate the project to the international scientific community.
TRADING POULTRY LITTER AT THE WATERSHED LEVEL: A GOAL FOCUSING APPLICATION
Creators: name: Jones, Kezelee Q.
name: D'Souza, Gerard E.
name: Jones, Kezelee Q.
name: D'Souza, Gerard E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Livestock Production/Industries

description: We explore the transfer of poultry litter among watersheds incorporating both economic and environmental characteristics, and using a goal focusing approach. The results should be useful to producers and policy makers in the study area and in other areas where poultry production is linked to water quality, and contribute to a more sustainable poultry sector.
RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION, LABOR MOBILITY AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN CHINA
Creators: name: Gilbert, John
name: Wahl, Thomas I.
name: Gilbert, John
name: Wahl, Thomas I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Labor and Human Capital

description: Under the terms of its accession to the WTO, China will likely commit to significant liberalization of its agricultural trade regimes. In this paper we consider how growing levels of urban unemployment, combined with a restrictive labor market policy, may alter the expected welfare effects of agricultural reform. We utilize a new AGE model of the Chinese economy based on the Harris-Todaro framework, incorporating imperfect labor mobility.
Entanglement Induced Fluctuations of Cold Bosons
Creators: name: Brustein, Ram
name: Yarom, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that due to entanglement, quantum fluctuations may differ significantly from statistical fluctuations. We calculate quantum fluctuations of the particle number and of the energy in a sub-volume of a system of bosons in a pure state, and briefly discuss the possibility of measuring them. We find that energy fluctuations have a non-extensive nature.
description: Replaced with published version. Added calculations, explanations and clarifications, results unchanged
Detection of Late-Time Circumstellar Interaction of SN 2017eaw in NGC 6946
Creators: name: Weil, Kathryn E.
name: Fesen, Robert A.
name: Patnaude, Daniel J.
name: Milisavljevic, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SN 2017eaw, the tenth supernova observed in NGC 6946, was a normal Type II-P supernova with an estimated 11 - 13 Msun supergiant progenitor. Here we present nebular phase spectra of SN 2017eaw at +545 and +900 days post-max, extending approximately 50 - 400 days past the epochs of previously published spectra. While the +545 day spectra is similar to spectra taken between days +400 and +493, the +900 day spectrum shows dramatic changes both in spectral features and emission line profiles. The Halpha emission is flat-topped and box-like with sharp blue and red profile velocities of ~ -8000 and +7500 km/s. These late-time spectral changes indicate strong circumstellar interaction with a mass-loss shell, expelled ~ 1700 years before explosion. SN 2017eaw's +900 day spectrum is similar to those seen for SN 2004et and SN 2013ej observed 2 - 3 years after explosion. We discuss the importance of late-time monitoring of bright SNe II-P and the nature of pre-supernova mass-loss events for SN II-P evolution.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to ApJ
OPTIMAL GRADE DEFINITIONS FOR MULTIPLE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS
Creators: name: Lyford, Conrad P.
name: Starbird, S. Andrew
name: Lyford, Conrad P.
name: Starbird, S. Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The growing importance of quality in agricultural markets makes effective segregation and grading essential to efficient marketing strategy. In this paper, we develop an economic model, potentially applicable to many products, to determine optimal segregation strategies based on multiple stochastic quality measures. The model is applied to Oklahoma wheat quality data.
Gran cosa non avere una mente? Il giudizio fra ragione e sentimenti
Creators: name: Manzin, Maurizio
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Trento
Year: 2021

description: Il dualismo tra emozione e ragione ha permeato a lungo l’esperienza del giudizio: croce (la prima) e delizia (la seconda) del giusto decisore, secondo un’opinione diffusa. Tuttavia, con l’indebolirsi della narrazione razionalista, per la quale è opportuno che nel momento decisionale la ragione sottometta le emozioni, nell’ultimo decennio si sono moltiplicati gli studi sull’ineliminabile ruolo che le emozioni svolgono durante l’attività cognitiva. I contributi qui raccolti s’inseriscono in quest’ambito di ricerca, offrendo al lettore giurista una panoramica ad ampio spettro. Dall’Antigone di Sofocle alle trasmissioni televisive di Tv Justiça in Brasile, dal Law and Literature all’informatica giuridica, si snoda un filo rosso che unisce diritto, logica e neuroscienze, grazie al quale è possibile ripensare la complessità sottesa alla decisione. Quasi in filigrana, dalla lettura dei diversi autori, emerge la necessità d’inquadrare il ragionamento giudiziale in una cornice argomentativa inclusiva, secondo la lezione aristotelica, di logos, pathos ed ethos. Una prospettiva retorica, quindi, capace di offrire nuova linfa agli studi logico-giuridici, ma soprattutto di custodire l’autentica natura – relazionale – dell’uomo attraverso lo strumento della decisione giudiziale.
DESIGNING OPTIMAL CROP REVENUE INSURANCE
Creators: name: Mahul, Olivier
name: Wright, Brian D.
name: Mahul, Olivier
name: Wright, Brian D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The optimal crop revenue insurance contract is designed from recent developments in the theory of insurance economics under incomplete markets. The message is two-fold. Firstly, when the indemnity schedule is contingent on individual price and individual yield, the optimal contract depends only on the individual gross revenue. Secondly, this policy is shown to fail if the indemnity function is based on aggregate price and/or aggregate yield. A closed-form solution, in which basis risks are ignored, is proposed. It differs from actual revenue insurance programs proposed to the U.S. farmers. When insurance and capital markets are unbiased, it can be replicated with existing crop yield and revenue insurance policies and hedging contracts if the decision variables are not constrained. The impact of yield and price basis risks on the form of the optimal crop revenue insurance contract is examined and a closed-form solution is derived.
IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT WHEN THE PRICE OF WATER IS STOCHASTIC
Creators: name: Moreno, Georgina
name: Sunding, David L.
name: Moreno, Georgina
name: Sunding, David L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The paper considers the effect of changes in the distribution of water price on the incentives to adopt water-conserving irrigation technologies. A two-stage decision model is developed wherein agents make long-term decisions about irrigation technology investments and decide production levels based on short-term realizations of water price. Comparative statics results show that the impact of changes in the distribution of water price hinge on the responsiveness of cultivated acreage to fluctuations in the price of water. The model is tested using data on irrigation technology investment from California's San Joaquin Valley. Econometric results strongly support the conceptual model, and show that changes in the distribution of water price have systematically different impacts on permanent and annual crops.
IDENTIFYING SUSTAINABLE BUSINESSES FOR COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Halbrendt, Catherine K.
name: Zheng, Yi
name: Lucas, Marilyn T.
name: Halbrendt, Catherine K.
name: Zheng, Yi
name: Lucas, Marilyn T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: CBM was used to set economic development priorities and identify sustainable businesses for Enosburg Falls, Vermont. A modified CBM corrected limitations found in the first study. Results show that business in Depository and Non-depository financial institutions, dairy processing, and industrial machinery & equipment sectors are desirable and compatible for Enosburg Falls to target.
Deep Learning for Spatiotemporal Nowcasting
Creators: name: Franch, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Università degli studi di Trento
Year: 2021

description: Nowcasting – short-term forecasting using current observations – is a key challenge that human activities have to face on a daily basis. We heavily rely on short-term meteorological predictions in domains such as aviation, agriculture, mobility, and energy production. One of the most important and challenging task for meteorology is the nowcasting of extreme events, whose anticipation is highly needed to mitigate risk in terms of social or economic costs and human safety. The goal of this thesis is to contribute with new machine learning methods to improve the spatio-temporal precision of nowcasting of extreme precipitation events. This work relies on recent advances in deep learning for nowcasting, adding methods targeted at improving nowcasting using ensembles and trained on novel original data resources. Indeed, the new curated multi-year radar scan dataset (TAASRAD19) is introduced that contains more than 350.000 labelled precipitation records over 10 years, to provide a baseline benchmark, and foster reproducibility of machine learning modeling. A TrajGRU model is applied to TAASRAD19, and implemented in an operational prototype. The thesis also introduces a novel method for fast analog search based on manifold learning: the tool leverages the entire dataset history in less than 5 seconds and demonstrates the feasibility of predictive ensembles. In the final part of the thesis, the new deep learning architecture ConvSG based on stacked generalization is presented, introducing novel concepts for deep learning in precipitation nowcasting: ConvSG is specifically designed to improve predictions of extreme precipitation regimes over published methods, and shows a 117% skill improvement on extreme rain regimes over a single member. Moreover, ConvSG shows superior or equal skills compared to Lagrangian Extrapolation models for all rain rates, achieving a 49% average improvement in predictive skill over extrapolation on the higher precipitation regimes.
Gravity-induced instability and gauge field localization
Creators: name: Farakos, K.
name: Pasipoularides, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum of a massless bulk scalar field Φ, with a possible interaction term of the form -ξR Φ^{2}, is investigated in the case of RS-geometry [1]. We show that the zero mode for ξ=0, turns into a tachyon mode, in the case of a nonzero negative value of ξ(ξ<0). As we see, the existence of the tachyon mode destabilizes the Φ=0 vacuum, against a new stable vacuum with nonzero Φnear the brane, and zero in the bulk. By using this result, we can construct a simple model for the gauge field localization, according to the philosophy of Dvali and Shifman (Higgs phase on the brane, confinement in the bulk).
description: 12 pages,4 figures, minor corrections, references added
DELIVERY OPTION IN FUTURES CONTRACTS AND BASIS BEHAVIOR AT CONTRACT MATURITY
Creators: name: Hranaiova, Jana
name: Tomek, William G.
name: Hranaiova, Jana
name: Tomek, William G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Estimates of the joint value of the timing and location options in the corn futures contract on the CBOT are obtained by using a multinomial diffusion process. The estimated option values will be used in a model to explain basis behavior on the first day of the maturity month.
ABSTRACTS: THE FINANCIAL IMPACT OF ANIMAL RELATED PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT ON VERMONT DAIRY FARMS
Creators: name: Dodd, Alyssa
name: Halbrendt, Catherine K.
name: Nicholson, Charles F.
name: Dodd, Alyssa
name: Halbrendt, Catherine K.
name: Nicholson, Charles F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Excessive phosphorus loading has been identified as the primary cause of decreasing water quality in Lake Champlain. Dairy farms are the major source of phosphorus pollution to the lake and are targeted to reduce phosphorus run-off. The goal of this research is to determine the farm-level financial impact of phosphorus management on different sizes of Vermont dairy farms. Farm financial performance following implementation of manure management is simulated by farm size (60 cows, 150 cows, and 350 cows) over a ten-year time horizon using the Farm Level Income and Policy Simulation Modeling System (FLIPSim). Results indicate that implementation of Milking Waste Management practices have the smallest financial impact on all three farm sizes. For the small farm (60 cows), a liquid manure storage system, once implemented, may slightly increase average annual net cash farm income and reduce the probability of a cash flow deficit after the initial implementation year.
AGRICULTURAL POLICY UNCERTAINTY AND ANTICIPATORY FIRM LEVEL ADJUSTMENTS
Creators: name: Lagerkvist, Carl Johan
name: Lagerkvist, Carl Johan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Uncertainty
subject: Agricultural Policy
subject: Investment

description: This paper investigates, through a dynamic stochastic adjustment model the extent to which an active agricultural policy can be the source of volatility in agricultural investment. It is shown that noise in formulation of agricultural policy has adverse effects even in cases where earlier results would take that investment is increased.
A Numerical Approach to Space-Time Finite Elements for the Wave Equation
Creators: name: Anderson, Matthew
name: Kimn, Jung-Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a space-time finite element approach for the nonhomogeneous wave equation using a continuous time Galerkin method. We present fully implicit examples in 1+1, 2+1, and 3+1 dimensions using linear quadrilateral, hexahedral, and tesseractic elements. Krylov solvers with additive Schwarz preconditioning are used for solving the linear system. We introduce a time decomposition strategy in preconditioning which significantly improves performance when compared with unpreconditioned cases.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables
Decoro e ordine. Vincenzo Calmeta e le forme dell’epistola in versi volgare tra Quattro e Cinquecento
Creators: name: Largaiolli, Matteo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Trento - Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia
Year: 2020

description: A partire dalle prose critiche di Vincenzo Calmeta (1460-1508 ca.) sulla scrittura di capitoli, egloghe ed elegie e sulla teoria del decoro e dell’ostentazione, la lettera in versi viene interpretata nelle sue realizzazioni concrete, nel loro legame con le “allegrezze d’amore”. Tra Quattro e Cinquecento, l’epistola si configura come a un genere testuale al centro di una fitta rete di rapporti tra generi, modelli, autori e aderente alle norme sociali richiesta dal decoro, che agisce sia nella dimensione letteraria sia nella dimensione dei rapporti interpersonali in società.
Table S2. SUVR values for individual trials from Quantitative functional imaging of the pigeon brain: implications for the evolution of avian powered flight
Creators: name: Balanoff, Amy
name: Ferrer, Elizabeth
name: Saleh, Lemise
name: Gignac, Paul
name: Gold, M. Eugenia L.
name: Marugán-Lobón, Jesús
name: Norell, Mark
name: Ouellette, David
name: Salerno, Michael
name: Watanabe, Akinobu
name: Wei, Shouyi
name: Bever, Gabriel
name: Vaska, Paul
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 370506
subject: Palaeontology (incl. palynology)

description: Uptake levels for two observed behaviours in individual birds
Detection of quantum geometric tensor by nonlinear optical response
Creators: name: Li, Zhi
name: Tohyama, Takami
name: Iitaka, Toshiaki
name: Su, Haibin
name: Zeng, Haibo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum geometric tensor (QGT), including a symmetric real part defined as quantum metric and an antisymmetric part defined as Berry curvature, is essential for understanding many phenomena. We studied the photogalvanic effect of a multiple-band system with time-reversal-invariant symmetry by theoretical analysis in this work. We concluded that the integral of gradient of the symmetric part of QGT in momentum space is related to the linearly photogalvanic effect, while the integral of gradient of Berry curvature is related to the circularly photogalvanic effect. Our work afforded an alternative interpretation for the photogalvanic effect in the view of QGT, and a simple approach to detect the QGT by nonlinear optical response.
description: Comments are welcome
Imaging Three Dimensional Two-particle Correlations for Heavy-Ion Reaction Studies
Creators: name: Brown, D. A.
name: Danielewicz, P.
name: Enokizono, A.
name: Heffner, M.
name: Soltz, R.
name: Pratt, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an extension of the source imaging method for analyzing three-dimensional sources from three-dimensional correlations. Our technique consists of expanding the correlation data and the underlying source function in spherical harmonics and inverting the resulting system of one-dimensional integral equations. With this strategy, we can image the source function quickly, even with the finely binned data sets common in three-dimensional analyses.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Physical Review C
THE USEFULNESS AND INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION SOURCES ON COMMERCIAL FARMS
Creators: name: Gloy, Brent A.
name: Akridge, Jay T.
name: Whipker, Linda D.
name: Gloy, Brent A.
name: Akridge, Jay T.
name: Whipker, Linda D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The usefulness of several information sources is examined for U.S. farms with sales in excess of $100,000. The results indicate that crop/livestock-specific magazines and general farm magazines are the most useful information sources. Analyses indicate that the types and number of different commodities that the farm produced, as well as Internet use, are the most consistent predictors of attitudes toward various information sources. However, characteristics that explain attitudes toward different information sources vary substantially across the information sources.
PRICE UNCERTAINTY AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
Creators: name: Ji, Wen
name: Holt, Matthew T.
name: Ji, Wen
name: Holt, Matthew T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: risk
subject: uncertainty
subject: productivity

description: This paper examines the effects of price uncertainty on agricultural productivity. Appelbaum(1991) provided an empirical framework to analyze the effects of uncertainty on firm behavior. We apply the model to the U.S. agricultural sector, using a parametric rather than a nonparametric approach to obtain the measurement of price uncertainty and risk. Keywords: risk, uncertainty, productivity