Pholcus ungyo Lee & Lee & Choi & Park & Baek & Kim 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Lee, Jun-Gi
name: Lee, Jun-Ho
name: Choi, Doo-Yeong
name: Park, Sun-Jae
name: Baek, Min-Jeong
name: Kim, Sam-Kyu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Pholcidae
Pholcus
Pholcus ungyo

description: Pholcus ungyo Lee & Lee, sp. nov.
Figs 1G–H, 2G–H, 6, 15A–E, 18
Type material. Holotype: ♂, SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: Yeongwol-gun, Jungdong-myeon, Mt. Ungyosan (37˚08'16"N, 128˚38'20"E, 380 m), 05 Aug. 2017, Doo-Yeong Choi leg. (NIBR). Paratypes: 3♀♀, same data as holotype (KNU-Ar 20230058–60); 1♂, same data as holotype (KNU-Ar 20230061); 19♀♀, same data as holotype (KNU-kise 835).
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the type locality, Mt. Ungyosan. Noun in apposition.
Diagnosis. Males similar to Pholcus socheunensis Paik, 1978, having marginally heavily sclerotized prolateral process of procursus with single thin projection (Fig. 6D) and pseudoappendix strongly curved backwards (Fig. 6F), but can be distinguished by: 1) prolateral process of procursus with distal margin round, retrolaterally not elongated distally, prolateral margin linear (Fig. 6D) (obtuse-triangular, retrolaterally strongly elongated, prolateral margin slightly curved in P. socheunensis, see Paik 1978: fig. 6); 2) uncus ovoid, distal half extended roundly (Fig. 6F) (lingulate, distally extended and narrowed in P. socheunensis, see Paik 1978: fig. 7); 3) pseudoappendix thin, distinctly longer than uncus (Fig. 6F) (stout, slightly longer than uncus in P. socheunensis, see Paik 1978: fig. 7). Females similar to Pholcus hwangjeong Lee & Lee, sp. nov. and Pholcus gimsatgat Lee & Lee, sp. nov., having rhomboid epigynal anterior plate and flat epigynal posterior plate (Fig. 6H), but can be distinguished by: 1) posteromedial margin of epigynal anterior cuticle slightly extended (Fig. 6H) (strongly extended in P. hwangjeong sp. nov. and P. gimsatgat sp. nov., see Figs 7H, 8H); 2) epigynal posterior plate laterally angled (Fig. 6H) (laterally strongly expanded and globose in P. hwangjeong sp. nov., see Fig. 7H; laterally blunt in P. gimsatgat sp. nov., see Fig. 8H); 3) epigynal knob relatively thin, half as long as posterior plate (Fig. 6H) (stout, longer than half of posterior plate length in P. hwangjeong sp. nov., see Fig. 7H; stout, longer than posterior plate length in P. gimsatgat sp. nov., see Fig. 8H); 4) anterior arch of internal genitalia dorsomedially with large acute sclerotized area (Fig. 6I) (large, wide trapezoid in P. hwangjeong sp. nov., see Fig. 7I; small, obtuse in P. gimsatgat sp. nov., see Fig. 8I); 5) lateral concave area large, not flattened (Fig. 6I) (large, flattened in P. hwangjeong sp. nov., see Fig. 7I; small, not flattened in P. gimsatgat sp. nov., see Fig. 8I); 6) pore plates oblong (Fig. 6I) (ovoid in P. gimsatgat sp. nov., see Fig. 8I).
Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 1G. Total length 6.1. Prosoma 1.8 long, 1.8 wide. Carapace round, pale yellow, with dark brown radial marks and marginal band on thoracic area. Eye area slightly elevated, posteriorly with dark brown marks laterally and medially. Diameter of AME 108 µm, ALE 159 µm, PME 157 µm, PLE 165 µm. AME–AME 57 µm, PME–PME 229 µm, PME–ALE 42 µm. Clypeus with large brown mark, without process. Chelicera (Fig. 2G–H) with thumb-like proximo-lateral apophysis, slender and straight frontal apophysis longer than distal apophysis and pointing upwardly, and ventrally curved, notched triangular distal apophysis as long as proximo-lateral apophysis. Sternum longer than wide, shield-like, pale yellow with brown marks laterally and posteriorly. Opisthosoma 4.3 long, 1.6 wide, cylindrical, pale yellow, without cuticular patterns, with cardiac pattern and many black granular spots dorsally and laterally. Leg femora and tibiae yellowish brown with two whitish and two dark brown bands distally, two dark brown bands proximally; patellae, metatarsi, tarsi dark brown, without bands; leg Ⅰ femur distinctly darker. Leg Ⅰ 50.8 (12.6 + 0.8 + 12.9 + 22.0 + 2.5), leg II 34.2 (9.4 + 0.9 + 8.6 + 13.7 + 1.6), leg III 23.3 (6.7 + 0.7 + 5.8 + 9.0 + 1.1), leg IV 31.3 (8.9 + 0.7 + 7.9 + 12.2 + 1.5). Ratio of leg Ⅰ (16.1: 1.0: 16.5: 28.2: 3.3), leg II (10.7: 1.0: 9.9: 15.8: 1.9), leg III (9.3: 1.0: 8.1: 12.5: 1.6), leg IV (12.2: 1.0: 10.9: 16.6: 2.1). Leg formula 1243. Tibia Ⅰ L/d 81. Tibiae, metatarsi, tarsi with short vertical setae, tibiae and metatarsi Ⅰ, II with long curved hairs. Tibiae with three trichobothria, except tibia Ⅰ (prolaterally absent). Retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia Ⅰ at 5% proximally. Tarsus I with 31 pseudosegments, mostly irregular. Palp (Fig. 6A–G). Trochanter apophysis (Fig. 6B) less than half as long as femur, straight, slender, blunt, ventro-subdistally with single curved hair, proximo-retrolaterally with tubercle; femur ventrally swollen; tibia with prolatero-ventral tubercle; procursus (Fig. 6A–E) dark brown, curved perpendicularly dorsally, with large ventral knee; dorso-subdistally swollen, with single short spine slightly far from retrolateral ridges (Fig. 6C–D); procursus tip (Fig. 6C–E) with two large ridges and several small ridges retrolaterally (Fig. 6E), prolateral process broad and membranous, strongly sclerotized at retrolateral edge (arrowed 1 in Fig. 6D), medially semi-transparent, distal margin round and denticulate (arrowed 2 in Fig. 6D), prolateral margin linear, strongly sclerotized with thick longitudinal mark close to proximal procursus, distally with single straight and thin projection slightly widened and dentate (arrowed 3 in Fig. 6C–D), and triangular ventral process (arrowed 4 in Fig. 6D); genital bulb oval, pale yellow; uncus (Fig. 6F–G) about half as long as genital bulb, dark brown, ovoid, distal half of outer margin extended and curved outwardly, with numerous tiny scales; pseudoappendix (Fig. 6F–G) distinctly longer than uncus, thin, medially strongly curved nearly perpendicularly and crossing over embolus in lateral view, distally pointed; embolus (Fig. 6G) slender, distally fringed, weakly sclerotized, about twice as long as uncus.
Female (one of paratypes, KNU-Ar 20230058). Habitus as in Fig. 1H. Somatic characteristics generally similar to male, but cheliceral apophyses absent, legs slightly shorter. Total length 6.6. Prosoma 1.8 long, 1.8 wide. Diameter of AME 105 µm, ALE 169 µm, PME 169 µm, PLE 168 µm. AME–AME 52 µm, PME–PME 244 µm, PME–ALE 31 µm. Opisthosoma 4.5 long, 2.4 wide. Leg Ⅰ 40.4 (10.2 + 0.8 + 10.2 + 16.7 + 2.5), leg II 28.2 (7.7 + 0.9 + 7.0 + 11.1 + 1.6), leg III 20.4 (5.9 + 0.8 + 4.9 + 7.7 + 1.2), leg IV 27.4 (8.0 + 0.7 + 7.0 + 10.4 + 1.4). Ratio of leg Ⅰ (12.5: 1.0: 12.6: 20.6: 3.1), leg II (9.1: 1.0: 8.2: 13.1: 1.9), leg III (7.7: 1.0: 6.4: 10.1: 1.6), leg IV (11.4: 1.0: 10.0: 14.8: 2.0). Leg formula 1243. Tibia I L/d 57. Epigyne (Fig. 6H). Anterior plate obtuse triangular, anteriorly with brown wide triangular mark, posteromedial margin slightly extended; posterior plate ivory medially, yellowish brown laterally and posteriorly, wide hexagonal, slightly shorter than anterior plate, posterolaterally very slightly extended, with pair of sclerotized areas only at anterolateral margin; epigynal knob brown, thick, blunt, half as long as posterior plate; posterior sclerotized cuticle yellowish brown, slightly procurved, slightly longer than half as long as posterior plate; interspace between posterior plate and posterior sclerotized cuticle slightly shorter than posterior plate, yellowish brown. Internal genitalia (Fig. 6I). Anterior arch slightly sinuated, medially elongated anteriorly with large sclerotized area; anterolateral portion extended, triangular, pointing laterally; genital valve wide and round; lateral portion strongly concave; pore plates oblong, positioned at posterolateral edge of median portion of anterior arch, close together anteriorly, gradually wide apart posteriorly; interspace between anterior arch and pore plates wrinkled, M-shaped.
Variation. Males. Prosoma width: 1.8–1.9, tibia Ⅰ: 12.9–14.1 (n=2). The palpal shapes were largely consistent (Fig. 15A).
Females. Prosoma width: 1.6–1.9 (mean 1.7), tibia Ⅰ: 8.8–10.2 (mean 9.4) (n=10).An intrapopulational variation was observed on the size of pore plates of internal genitalia (Fig. 15D–E), but the epigynal shapes were largely consistent (Fig. 15B–C).
Habitat information. This species was found on rock walls and crevices under rocks in mountainous regions.
Distribution. Korea (Yeongwol) (Fig. 18).
description: Published as part of Lee, Jun-Gi, Lee, Jun-Ho, Choi, Doo-Yeong, Park, Sun-Jae, Baek, Min-Jeong & Kim, Sam-Kyu, 2024, Nine new species of the genus Pholcus Walckenaer (Araneae: Pholcidae) from South Korea, pp. 179-212 in Zootaxa 5432 (2) on pages 191-192, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5432.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/10898691