Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) cucullatum Friese
Creators: name: Eardley, Connal
name: Griswold, Terry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Pachyanthidium
Pachyanthidium cucullatum

description: Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) cucullatum (Friese)
(Figs 10–11)
Anthidium cucullatum Friese, 1904: 102, female lectotype, here designated (ZMHB) South Africa.
Anthidium (Pachyanthidium) cucullatum Friese: Friese 1905: 66 –69.
Dianthidium (Anthidiellum) cucullatum (Friese): Cockerell 1916: 194 –195.
Pachyanthidium cucullatum (Friese): Cockerell 1932a: 365.
Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) cucullatum (Friese): Cockerell 1936: 9; Pasteels 1984: 151, syn. P. benguelense.
Pachyanthidium (Trichanthidium) carinaticeps Cockerell, 1936: 9, male holotype (AMNH) Zimbabwe; Pasteels 1984: 151, syn. P. benguelense.
Eoanthidium carinaticeps (Cockerell): Pasteels 1969: 51.
Diagnosis. The presence of a ventral carina on the mid femur will distinguish P. cucullatum from all Pachyanthidium not in the subgenus Trichanthidium, as will the combination of hairy eyes, absence of arolia and lateral spines on T2–T5. From other Trichanthidium it can be distinguished by the broadly convex scutum that curves ventrally laterad of the parapsidal lines. In contrast, all other species in the subgenus have the scutum nearly flat without increased curvature laterad of the parapsidal lines. It also differs in the presence of slender, microscopically plumose setae near the anterior margin of the scutum. Other species have stout, non-plumose setae.
Description. FEMALE. Lengths: head 2.3–2.9 mm; scutum 1.2–1.8 mm; forewing 5.0–6.0 mm; body 4.5–6.5 mm. Colour (Fig. 10 a, b). Black, except reddish-orange as follows: entire clypeus and mandible, antenna (especially scape and pedicel), posterior margin of vertex (Fig. 10 a), pronotal lobe, most of pronotum, mesepisternum behind omaulus and legs; axilla yellowish-orange; scutellum with orange translucent posterior margin and subapical yellow cross-band; T1 yellow laterally, T2–T5 with yellow dorsolateral spots, T1–T6 orange laterally and on posterior margins. Structure (Fig. 10). Preoccipital lamella distinct; eye hairy; clypeus with ventral edge convex, smooth; mandible spatulate with broad outer tooth, two very small inner teeth; lateral margin of scutum slightly lamellate; pronotal lobe strongly lamellate; omaulus strongly lamellate; forebasitarsus short and narrow, length 1.9x foretibia length, 0.3x its width; arolia absent; T1–T5 with lateral spines; T6 gently swollen laterally, without spine, with pointed posterolateral tubercle, truncate posteriorly (Fig. 10 c).
MALE. Lengths: head 2.0– 2.4 mm; scutum 1.2–1.5 mm; forewing 4.3–5.6 mm; body 4.4–5.0 mm. Colour (Fig. 10 d-g). As in female except entire clypeus and mandible yellow, antenna sometimes yellow, T2–T5 yellow dorsolateral spots wider than in female. Structure. Preoccipital ridge distinctly lamellate; eye hairy; subantennal suture bowed gently outwards (inconspicuous); antennal flagellum 11.2x eye length, 3.4x scape length; clypeus with ventral edge straight, smooth; mandible tridentate; lateral margin of scutum slightly lamellate; arolia absent; hind basitarsus narrow, width one-third length; T1 unmodified laterally; T2–T6 with small posterolateral spine; T6 extended posteromedially with very small posteromedial spine, apicolaterally with both dorsal and ventral spines (Fig. 10 g); T7 with posterolateral swelling and median spine of similar size (Fig. 10 f); terminalia as in P. benguelense (cf. Fig.8 d-g).
Distribution. This species is endemic to South Africa (Fig. 11), occurring south of P. benguelense.
Biology. It has been collected on Crassula tetragona robusta (Crassulaceae).
Material examined. Type material. Female lectotype of Anthidium cucullatum: ‘Capland Krebs S., volvulum N, 899, Anth. cucullatum Fr. Lectotypus (auf Grund von Korrespondenz mit Mavromoustakis) Bischoff 1934, Anthidium cucullatum Fr. ♀ 1904 Friese det., Type, Zool. Mus. Berlin’, in ZMHB.
Additional material. South Africa. Resolution, Albany district, 1928. iv.12, A. Walton (1♀ TMSA); Sundays River, 1892. ii.29, H. Brauns (1♀ TMSA); Algoa Bay, 1892.xii, 1896. x.11, 1896. xii.18, H. Brauns (2♀1♂ TMSA); Venstersklip, Baviaanskloof, 2010. ii.27, C. Eardley (3♀2♂ SANC); Studispoort, Baviaanskloof, 2010. ii.27, C. Eardley (2♀4♂ SANC); Willowmore, 1906. xii.10, iv.1923, H. Brauns (2♀ TMSA); Hounslow, Grahamstown, 1967. iii.24, C. F. Jacot-Guillarmod (2♀ AMGS 2597, 2599); Fort Brown, 1930. iii.7, A. Walton (1♀ AMGS 2598); Botha's Ridge, Grahamstown, 1971. xi.24, R. Bayliss (1♀ AMGS 2600); Table Farm, Grahamstown, 1986. xii.28, D. W. Gess (1♂ AMGS 2601); Mkuze Game Reserve, 1991. ii.13–14, A. J. Weaving (1♂ AMGS 2602); Ratelfontein, Graafwater District, 1992. ix.20–22, F. W. Gess (1♀ AMGS 2603); Hartebeespoort Dam, 1967. v.7, F. Herbst (1♀ AMGS 14540); Stainbank Bush, Durban, 1966. ix.24–25, F. Herbst (1♀1♂ AMGS 14545, 14546); Grahamstown, botanical garden, 1994. xi.12, V. Mauss, on Crassula tetragona robusta (1♂ BBSL); Riverhuis Farm, 14km N Robertson, 2004. ix.29–x.22, M.E. Irwin F.D. Parker M. Hauser (1♀ FDP735435, BBSL); Jansenville, 25km N, 600m, 2010. i.4, J. Halada (1♂ MSAA).
Discussion. Pasteels (1984) synonymised P. benguelense, P. cucullatum and P. carinaticeps. However, P. cucullatum and its synonym P. carinaticeps are clearly not conspecific with P. benguelense, separated by both colour and structure.
description: Published as part of Eardley, Connal & Griswold, Terry, 2017, Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of Pachyanthidium Friese (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Anthidiini), pp. 401-453 in Zootaxa 4237 (3) on pages 417-419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/344704