cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Subtleties in the trainability of quantum machine learning models
Creators: name: Thanasilp, Supanut
name: Wang, Samson
name: Nghiem, Nhat A.
name: Coles, Patrick J.
name: Cerezo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new paradigm for data science has emerged, with quantum data, quantum models, and quantum computational devices. This field, called Quantum Machine Learning (QML), aims to achieve a speedup over traditional machine learning for data analysis. However, its success usually hinges on efficiently training the parameters in quantum neural networks, and the field of QML is still lacking theoretical scaling results for their trainability. Some trainability results have been proven for a closely related field called Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs). While both fields involve training a parametrized quantum circuit, there are crucial differences that make the results for one setting not readily applicable to the other. In this work we bridge the two frameworks and show that gradient scaling results for VQAs can also be applied to study the gradient scaling of QML models. Our results indicate that features deemed detrimental for VQA trainability can also lead to issues such as barren plateaus in QML. Consequently, our work has implications for several QML proposals in the literature. In addition, we provide theoretical and numerical evidence that QML models exhibit further trainability issues not present in VQAs, arising from the use of a training dataset. We refer to these as dataset-induced barren plateaus. These results are most relevant when dealing with classical data, as here the choice of embedding scheme (i.e., the map between classical data and quantum states) can greatly affect the gradient scaling.
description: 12+12 pages, 8+2 figures
title: Ð£Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ (Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÑÐµ ÐÐÐ Â«ÐÐÐ â333Â»)
title: Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ð ÑÐ±Ð°ÑÑÐº, ÐÐ¼Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2016
Subjects: Ð¿ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð»
Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ
ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
staff
motivation
efficiency

description: ÐÐ±ÑÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ðµ ÐÐÐ Â«ÐÐÐ â333Â» Ð¤ÐÐ£Ð ÐÐ£Ð¡Ð¡Ð¢ â3 Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¡Ð¿ÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ðµ Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸. ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð²ÐµÑÐ³Ð½ÑÑÐ° ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ñ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼ ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ñ. Ð ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° Ð²ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑÐ°ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð¼. ÐÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð° 3 Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼ ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¼, ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼ ÑÐµÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸.
description: The object of study in this paper is the company Â«ÐÐÐ â333Â». Analysis subjected to work with the human resource and the socio-economic condition of the enterprise. The analysis revealed major shortcomings in personnel. Chapter 3 of this work is devoted to the justification on the basis of modern human resource management theory, recommendations for improvement of human resource management in the enterprise.
Study on the effect of pore-scale heterogeneity and flow rate during repetitive two-phase fluid flow in microfluidic porous media
Creators: name: Jingtao Zhang
name: Haipeng Zhang
name: Donghee Lee
name: Sangjin Ryu
name: Seunghee Kim
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Figures S1 and S2
Action-angle variables of a binary black-hole with arbitrary eccentricity, spins, and masses at 1.5 post-Newtonian order
Creators: name: Tanay, Sashwat
name: Cho, Gihyuk
name: Stein, Leo C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate and efficient modeling of the dynamics of binary black holes (BBHs) is crucial to their detection through gravitational waves (GWs), with LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA, and LISA in the future. Solving the dynamics of a BBH system with arbitrary parameters without simplifications (like orbit- or precession-averaging) in closed form is one of the most challenging problems for the GW community. One potential approach is using canonical perturbation theory which constructs perturbed action-angle variables from the unperturbed ones of an integrable Hamiltonian system. Having action-angle variables of the integrable 1.5 post-Newtonian (PN) BBH system is therefore imperative. In this paper, we continue the work initiated by two of us in arXiv:2012.06586, where we presented four out of five actions of a BBH system with arbitrary eccentricity, masses, and spins, at 1.5PN order. Here we compute the remaining fifth action using a novel method of extending the phase space by introducing unmeasurable phase space coordinates. We detail how to compute all the frequencies, and sketch how to explicitly transform from the action-angle variables to the usual positions and momenta. This analytically solves the dynamics at 1.5PN. This lays the groundwork to analytically solve the conservative dynamics of the BBH system with arbitrary masses, spins, and eccentricity, at higher PN order, by using canonical perturbation theory.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures
Decentralisation and elite politics in Papua
Creators: name: Timmer, Jaap
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia (SSGM), Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University
Year: 2005
Subjects: governance
West Papua

description: This paper focuses on conflicts in the Province of Papua (former Irian Jaya) that were stimulated by the recent devolution of power of administrative functions in Indonesia. While the national decentralisation policy aims at accommodating anti-Jakarta sentiments in the regions and intends to stimulate development, it augments contentions within the Papuan elite that go hand in hand with ethnic and regional tensions and increasing demands for more sovereignty among communities. This paper investigates the histories of regional identities and Papuan elite politics in order to map the current political landscape in Papua. A brief discussion of the behaviour of certain Papuan political players shows that many of them are enthused by an environment that is no longer defined singly by centralised state control but increasingly by regional opportunities to control state resources and to make profitable deals with national and international commercial ventures. As a result, the aspirations of legislators are all too often detached from the reasons for demands for more sovereignty cherished among the majority of Papuans whose frustrations about ineffective governance are ever increasing. More generally, the conflict in Papua only partly follows prevailing opinion about the tensions between ‘Papua’ and ‘Jakarta’ or ‘Indonesia’.
Beyond the mean field in the particle-vibration coupling scheme
Creators: name: M. Baldo
name: P. F. Bortignon
name: G. Colo'
name: D. Rizzo
name: L. Sciacchitano
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2015

description: The Energy Density Functional theory is one of the most used methods
developed in nuclear structure. It is based on the assumption that the energy
of the ground state is a functional only of the density profile. The method is
extremely successful within the effective force approach, noticeably the Skyrme
or Gogny forces, in reproducing the nuclear binding energies and other bulk
properties along the whole mass table. Although the Density Functional is in
this case represented formally as the Hartree-Fock mean field of an effective
force, the corresponding single-particle states in general do not reproduce the
phenomenology particularly well. To overcome this difficulty, a strategy has
been developed where the effective force is adjusted to reproduce directly the
single particle energies, trying to keep the ground state energy sufficiently
well reproduced. An alternative route, that has been developed along several
years, for solving this problem is to introduce the mean field fluctuations, as
represented by the collective vibrations of the nuclear system, and their
influence on the single particle dynamics and structure. This is the basis of
the particle-vibration coupling model. In this paper we present a formal theory
of the particle-vibration coupling model based on the Green' s function method.
The theory extends to realistic effective forces the macroscopic
particle-vibration coupling models and the (microscopic) Nuclear Field Theory.
It is formalized within the functional derivative approach to many-body theory.
An expansion in diagrams is devised for the single particle self-energy and the
phonon propagator. Critical aspects of the particle-vibration coupling model
are analysed in general. Applications at the lowest order of the expansion are
presented and discussed.
The nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of microorganisms in activated sludge
Creators: name: Hattingh, Willem Hendrik Jacobus
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A synthetic substrate of highly reproducible composition was used to study the nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of the microorganisms and settling characteristics of activated sludge. The study showed that the production of biological growth or activated sludge with maximum nitrogen and phosphorus contents, required a substrate with BOD:N and BOD:P ratios not wider than 19:1 and 81:1, respectively. To produce an activated sludge with optimum nitrogen and phosphorus contents, the BOD:N and BOD:P ratios of the substrate should not be wider than 23:1 and 168:1. A highly significant interaction existed between the quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus required by the activated sludge microorganisms. The phosphorus requirements increased logarithmically with the quantity of nitrogen consumed. Bulking of activated sludge was caused by wide BOD:N and BOD:P ratios of the substrate and the presence of a filamentous bacterium, Sphaerotilus sp., in the sludge. Bulking was most severe when the substrate had BOD:N and BOD:P ratios wider than 37:1 and 420:1, respectively. Sphaerotilus organisms were present in all sludges, but their growth was favoured by wide BOD:N and BOD:P ratios of the substrate.
Future Constraints on Angle-Dependent Non-Gaussianity from Large Radio
  Surveys
Creators: name: Raccanelli, Alvise
name: Maresuke Shiraishi
name: Bartolo, Nicola
name: Bertacca, Daniele
name: Liguori, Michele
name: Matarrese, Sabino
name: Norris, Ray P.
name: Parkinson, David
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2015

description: We investigate how well future large-scale radio surveys could measure
different shapes of primordial non-Gaussianity; in particular we focus on
angle-dependent non-Gaussianity arising from primordial anisotropic sources,
whose bispectrum has an angle dependence between the three wavevectors that is
characterized by Legendre polynomials $\mathcal{P}_L$ and expansion
coefficients $c_L$. We provide forecasts for measurements of galaxy power
spectrum, finding that Large-Scale Structure (LSS) data could allow
measurements of primordial non-Gaussianity competitive or improving upon
current constraints set by CMB experiments, for all the shapes considered. We
argue that the best constraints will come from the possibility to assign
redshift information to radio galaxy surveys, and investigate a few possible
scenarios for the EMU and SKA surveys. A realistic (futuristic) modeling could
provide constraints of $f_{\rm NL}^{\rm loc} \approx 1 (0.5)$ for the local
shape, $f_{\rm NL}$ of $\mathcal{O}(10) (\mathcal{O}(1))$ for the orthogonal,
equilateral and folded shapes, and $c_{L=1} \approx 80 (2)$, $c_{L=2} \approx
400 (10)$ for angle-dependent non-Gaussianity. The more futuristic forecasts
show the potential of LSS analyses to considerably improve current constraints
on non-Gaussianity, and so on models of the primordial Universe. Finally, we
find the minimum requirements that would be needed to reach
$\sigma(c_{L=1})=10$, which can be considered as a typical (lower) value
predicted by some (inflationary) models.
title: ÐÐ°ÑÐºÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð³ Ð² Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐµÑÐµ. Ð¢ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¹
title: ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð², ÐÐ¸ÑÐ°Ð¸Ð»
name: ÐÐ°ÑÐ´Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÐ»ÑÐ³Ð°
Publisher: name: ÐÐ·Ð´-Ð²Ð¾ ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½. ÑÐ½-ÑÐ°
Year: 2011
Subjects: Ð¼Ð°ÑÐºÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð³
Ð±Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑ-Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÑ
Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸
ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²

description: ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²ÑÐµÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð°ÑÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿Ð¾ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 220600 "ÐÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°" Ð¸ ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ 220601 "Ð£Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼Ð¸". ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ð¼ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð´ÐµÑÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸, ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐµÐ·Ð° Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð±Ð¸Ð·Ð½ÐµÑÐ° Ð½Ð° Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ.
description: ÐÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ´Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾-Ð¸Ð·Ð´Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÐ° Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð³Ð¾Â­ÑÑÐ´Ð°ÑÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐ°.
Jamming transition in traffic flow under the priority queuing protocol
Creators: name: Kim, K.
name: Kahng, B.
name: Kim, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Packet traffic in complex networks undergoes the jamming transition from free-flow to congested state as the number of packets in the system increases. Here we study such jamming transition when queues are operated by the priority queuing protocol and packets are guided by the dynamic routing protocol. We introduce a minimal model in which there are two types of packets distinguished by whether priority is assigned. Based on numerical simulations, we show that traffic is improved in the congested region under the priority queuing protocol, and it is worsened in the free-flow region. Also, we find that at the transition point, the waiting-time distribution follows a power law, and the power spectrum of traffic exhibits a crossover between two 1/f^a behaviors with exponent a ~ 1 and 1 < a < 2 in low and high frequency regime, respectively. This crossover is originated from a characteristic waiting time of packets in the queue.
description: 5 pages, 9 figures
Optimal Discrete Constellation Inputs for Aggregated LiFi-WiFi Networks
Creators: name: Ma, Shuai
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Lu, Songtao
name: Li, Hang
name: Yang, Ruixin
name: Shao, Sihua
name: Wang, Jiaheng
name: Li, Shiyin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we investigate the performance of a practical aggregated LiFi-WiFi system with the discrete constellation inputs from a practical view. We derive the achievable rate expressions of the aggregated LiFi-WiFi system for the first time. Then, we study the rate maximization problem via optimizing the constellation distribution and power allocation jointly. Specifically, a multilevel mercy-filling power allocation scheme is proposed by exploiting the relationship between the mutual information and minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) of discrete inputs. Meanwhile, an inexact gradient descent method is proposed for obtaining the optimal probability distributions. To strike a balance between the computational complexity and the transmission performance, we further develop a framework that maximizes the lower bound of the achievable rate where the optimal power allocation can be obtained in closed forms and the constellation distributions problem can be solved efficiently by Frank-Wolfe method. Extensive numerical results show that the optimized strategies are able to provide significant gains over the state-of-the-art schemes in terms of the achievable rate.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, accepted by IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Towards Designing Explainable Constraint-based Expert Systems
Creators: name: Bode, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Design Science Research
Product Configurators

description: Expert systems are one of the most successful applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, a lack of understanding causes huge inefficiencies in business processes. The importance of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is well established. Nevertheless, current XAI approaches lack stakeholder-centricity and do not take into account insights from the social sciences. Furthermore, there are no com- monly agreed-on design principles for the development of XAI systems. This work aims to generate knowledge for the design of explanation subsystems in constraint- based expert systems. More precisely, it derives design principles for user- and knowledge engineer-centric explanations based on stakeholder analysis and insights from the social sciences. In this context, a constraint-based expert system refers to a specific type of expert system that offers greater functionality in comparison with rule-based expert systems. Users and knowledge engineers are two stakeholders responsible for the use and knowledge modeling of the expert system. To derive design knowledge, we conduct a DSR project in the research area of constraint-based product configurators. We analyze stakeholder’s desiderata in two steps. First, we conduct ten semi-structured expert interviews. Second, we de- rive stakeholder’s desiderata from recent publications in XAI. Following the design science research paradigm, we develop design requirements and design principles. Subsequently, we develop an artifact based on the design principles and design requirements. Evaluating the artifact in two experiments and one follow-up interview with two participants, we observe the following phenomena. First, global explanations in a textual format were well-received by end-users. Second, abstract local explanations improved the end-users comprehensibility and knowledge engineers de- bugging capabilities. Third, contrastive explanations successfully assisted in the resolution of a contradiction for end-users. Finally, a local tree-based explanation was perceived as unintuitive and hard to understand. Therefore, we need to assess the use of tree-based local explanations in constraint-based expert systems and XAI and find suited methods for interactive local explanations.
title: Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð°Ð¹Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸Ð½Ð³-Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ²
title: Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾Ð±Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°, ÐÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ-ÐÐ½Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2017
Subjects: ÐÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ
Ð°Ð¹Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°
Ð²Ð¸Ð·ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸Ð½Ð³
ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸Ð½Ð³-Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾

description: Ð Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑÐ» Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸Ð½Ð³-Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ², Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð°Ð¹Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸, Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ð² Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ²ÐµÑÐ°, ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ñ, ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð², Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ»Ðµ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð° Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÐºÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð°Ð¹Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ².ÐÐ° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð° ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð°Ð¹Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸Ð½Ð³Ð°. Ð­ÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÐ¼ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ Ðº Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð°Ð¹Ð´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸, ÑÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼ ÑÐºÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð¼. ÐÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ð¹Ð½ÐµÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ.
Additional file 1 of Amphibian richness along modified riparian areas of central Mexico: conservation priorities
Creators: name: Oropeza-Sánchez, Marco Tulio
name: Suazo-Ortuño, Ireri
name: Benítez-Malvido, Julieta
name: Monroy-Hernández, Erandi
name: Munguía-Steyer, Roberto
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix S1. Proportion of each land-use cover type on a 500 m radius for the 60 sampling units.
title: Ð Ð°ÑÑÐµÑ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ñ Ð² ÐÑ Ð¾ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐµ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾ÑÐµÐ³ÑÑÐ¾, ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°Ð¹
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð±ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°
ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÑÐ·Ð¾Ðº
ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÑ
Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¸Ð´ÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ

description: ÐÐ±ÑÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ°. Ð¦ÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ â ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð±ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐµ Ð¸ ÐµÐµ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ñ ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð¼ ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¼Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐºÑÐ¿Ð»ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð² ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð²ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ° ÑÐ»ÑÐ¶Ð±Ñ.Ð¡ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ: ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐµÐ·Ð°, Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, Ð² Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð±ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ð¸ Ð½Ð° Ð½ÐµÑ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÑÐ·Ð¾Ðº.
Decentralized Federated Learning through Proxy Model Sharing
Creators: name: Kalra, Shivam
name: Wen, Junfeng
name: Cresswell, Jesse C.
name: Volkovs, Maksims
name: Tizhoosh, Hamid R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Institutions in highly regulated domains such as finance and healthcare often have restrictive rules around data sharing. Federated learning is a distributed learning framework that enables multi-institutional collaborations on decentralized data with improved protection for each collaborator's data privacy. In this paper, we propose a communication-efficient scheme for decentralized federated learning called ProxyFL, or proxy-based federated learning. Each participant in ProxyFL maintains two models, a private model, and a publicly shared proxy model designed to protect the participant's privacy. Proxy models allow efficient information exchange among participants without the need of a centralized server. The proposed method eliminates a significant limitation of canonical federated learning by allowing model heterogeneity; each participant can have a private model with any architecture. Furthermore, our protocol for communication by proxy leads to stronger privacy guarantees using differential privacy analysis. Experiments on popular image datasets, and a cancer diagnostic problem using high-quality gigapixel histology whole slide images, show that ProxyFL can outperform existing alternatives with much less communication overhead and stronger privacy.
A stochastic template placement algorithm for gravitational wave data analysis
Creators: name: Harry, Ian
name: Allen, Bruce
name: Sathyaprakash, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an algorithm for constructing matched-filter template banks in an arbitrary parameter space. The method places templates at random, then removes those which are "too close" together. The properties and optimality of stochastic template banks generated in this manner are investigated for some simple models. The effectiveness of these template banks for gravitational wave searches for binary inspiral waveforms is also examined. The properties of a stochastic template bank are then compared to the deterministically placed template banks that are currently used in gravitational wave data analysis.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
title: Ð£ÑÐµÑ Ð¸ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼ ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¾Ð¼ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÐ°ÑÐ´Ð°Ð½ÑÐ½, ÐÐ°ÑÐ´Ð°Ð½
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2018
Subjects: ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»
Ð±ÑÑ Ð³Ð°Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÑÐµÑÐ° ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»Ð°
Ð±ÑÑ Ð³Ð°Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÑÐµÑ

description: ÐÐ±ÑÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÐÐÐ Â«ÐÐ²ÑÐ¾ÐÐ°Ð·Â».
Ð¦ÐµÐ»ÑÑ Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¸ ÑÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼ ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¾Ð¼ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸.
ÐÐ° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾-Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑÑÐ³Ð°Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐµÑÐ°, Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐµÑÐ° ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»Ð°.
ÐÑÐ»Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð±ÑÑÐ³Ð°Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐµÑÐ° Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÐÐÐ Â«ÐÐ²ÑÐ¾ÐÐ°Ð·Â».
ÐÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÐºÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ Ð²ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð´ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐ° ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»Ð°.
ÐÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÑÐ´Ð° Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ðº.
Ð¡Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ð½Ñ ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑÑÐ³Ð°Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐµÑÐ° ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»Ð°, Ð° Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, ÑÐµÐ·ÐµÑÐ²Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»Ð° Ð¸ Ð½ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ (Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ð¾ÐºÑÑÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ±ÑÑÐºÐ°) ÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑÐ°Ð¼ Ñ ÐÑ-ÑÐ¾ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸.
Ð ÑÐ²ÑÐ·Ð¸ Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÑÑÐ²Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ð» Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑÑÐ³Ð°Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐµÑÐ° ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»Ð°, Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±ÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ð° Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÐÐÐ Â«ÐÐ²ÑÐ¾ÐÐ°Ð·Â», Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹, Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÑ Ð² Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¸. ÐÐ¾ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸Ð½Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ.
Virtual element method for elliptic bulk-surface PDEs in three space dimensions
Creators: name: Frittelli, Massimo
name: Madzvamuse, Anotida
name: Sgura, Ivonne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N12, 65N15, 65N30, 65N50

description: In this work we present a novel bulk-surface virtual element method (BSVEM) for the numerical approximation of elliptic bulk-surface partial differential equations (BSPDEs) in three space dimensions. The BSVEM is based on the discretisation of the bulk domain into polyhedral elements with arbitrarily many faces. The polyhedral approximation of the bulk induces a polygonal approximation of the surface. Firstly, we present a geometric error analysis of bulk-surface polyhedral meshes independent of the numerical method. Then, we show that BSVEM has optimal second-order convergence in space, provided the exact solution is $H^{2+3/4}$ in the bulk and $H^2$ on the surface, where the additional $\frac{3}{4}$ is due to the combined effect of surface curvature and polyhedral elements close to the boundary. We show that general polyhedra can be exploited to reduce the computational time of the matrix assembly. To demonstrate optimal convergence results, a numerical example is presented on the unit sphere.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. This replacement improves figures, updates references, and avoids redundancies. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2002.11748
The ATESP 5 GHz radio survey. III. 4.8, 8.6 and 19 GHz follow-up observations of radio galaxies
Creators: name: Prandoni, I.
name: de Ruiter, H. R.
name: Ricci, R.
name: Parma, P.
name: Gregorini, L.
name: Ekers, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] Physical and evolutionary properties of the sub-mJy radio population are not entirely known. The radio/optical analysis of the ATESP 5 GHz sample has revealed a significant class of compact flat/inverted radio-spectrum sources associated to early-type galaxies up to redshift 2. Such sources are most plausibly triggered by an AGN, but their observational properties are not entirely consistent with those of standard radio galaxy populations. In the present work we aim at a better understanding of the radio spectra of such sources and ultimately of the nature of AGNs at sub-mJy flux levels. We used the ATCA to get multi-frequency (4.8, 8.6 and 19 GHz) quasi-simultaneous observations for a representative sub-sample of ATESP radio sources associated with early-type galaxies (26 objects with S>0.6 mJy). This can give us insight into the accretion/radiative mechanism that is at work, since different regimes display different spectral signatures in the radio domain. From the analysis of the radio spectra, we find that our sources are most probably jet-dominated systems. ADAF models are ruled out by the high frequency data, while ADAF+jet scenarios are still consistent with flat/moderately inverted-spectrum sources, but are not required to explain the data. We compared our sample with high (>20 GHz) frequency selected surveys, finding spectral properties very similar to the ones of much brighter (S>500 mJy) radio galaxies extracted from the Massardi et al. (2008) sample. Linear sizes of ATESP 5 GHz sources associated with early type galaxies are also often consistent with the ones of brighter B2 and 3C radio galaxies, with possibly a very compact component that could be associated at least in part to (obscured) radio-quiet quasar-like objects and/or low power BL Lacs.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Additional file 2 of Amphibian richness along modified riparian areas of central Mexico: conservation priorities
Creators: name: Oropeza-Sánchez, Marco Tulio
name: Suazo-Ortuño, Ireri
name: Benítez-Malvido, Julieta
name: Monroy-Hernández, Erandi
name: Munguía-Steyer, Roberto
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Appendix S2. R Script to estimate multi species occupancy models, site-specific richness and draw figures.
title: Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð¸Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ° Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐÐÐ "ÐÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ-ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¾Ð½"
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÑÑÐ´ÑÐ¶Ð°Ð½, ÐÐºÐ°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ½Ñ
ÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð¼Ð½ÑÐµ Ð°Ð³ÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð°
Ð¸Ð½ÑÐµÑÐ½ÐµÑ-Ð¼Ð°ÑÐºÐµÑÐ¸Ð½Ð³
Ð±ÑÐµÐ½Ð´Ñ

description: Ð¦ÐµÐ»ÑÑ Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ Ð²Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐºÑÐ° Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð°Ð³ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑÐ²Ð° ÐÐÐ Â«ÐÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ-ÑÐ°Ð»Ð¾Ð½Ð°Â».
Research in Geant4 electromagnetic physics design, and its effects on
  computational performance and quality assurance
Creators: name: M. Augelli
name: M. Begalli
name: S. Hauf
name: C. H. Kim
name: M. Kuster
name: M. G. Pia
name: P. Queiroz Filho
name: L. Quintieri
name: P. Saracco
name: D. Souza Santos
name: G. Weidenspointner
name: A. Zoglauer
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2009

description: The Geant4 toolkit offers a rich variety of electromagnetic physics models;
so far the evaluation of this Geant4 domain has been mostly focused on its
physics functionality, while the features of its design and their impact on
simulation accuracy, computational performance and facilities for verification
and validation have not been the object of comparable attention yet, despite
the critical role they play in many experimental applications. A new project is
in progress to study the application of new design concepts and software
techniques in Geant4 electromagnetic physics, and to evaluate how they can
improve on the current simulation capabilities. The application of a
policy-based class design is investigated as a means to achieve the objective
of granular decomposition of processes; this design technique offers various
advantages in terms of flexibility of configuration and computational
performance. The current Geant4 physics models have been re-implemented
according to the new design as a pilot project. The main features of the new
design and first results of performance improvement and testing simplification
are presented; they are relevant to many Geant4 applications, where
computational speed and the containment of resources invested in simulation
production and quality assurance play a critical role.
Polymer stretching in laminar and random flows: entropic characterization
Creators: name: Musacchio, Stefano
name: Steinberg, Victor
name: Vincenzi, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polymers in nonuniform flows undergo strong deformation, which in the presence of persistent stretching can result in the coil-stretch transition. This phenomenon has been characterized by using the formalism of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. In particular, the entropy of the polymer extension reaches a maximum at the transition. We extend the entropic characterization of the coil-stretch transition by studying the differential entropy of the polymer fractional extension in a set of laminar and random velocity fields that are benchmarks for the study of polymer stretching in flow. In the case of random velocity fields, a suitable description of the transition is obtained by considering the entropy of the logarithm of the extension instead of the entropy of the extension itself. Entropy emerges as an effective tool for capturing the coil-stretch transition and comparing its features in different flows.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Performance of Irradiated Thin Edgeless N-on-P Planar Pixel Sensors for
  ATLAS Upgrades
Creators: name: M. Bomben
name: A. Bagolini
name: M. Boscardin
name: L. Bosisio
name: G. Calderini
name: J. Chauveau
name: G. Giacomini
name: A. La Rosa
name: G. Marchori
name: N. Zorzi
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2013

description: In view of the LHC upgrade phases towards the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC),
the ATLAS experiment plans to upgrade the Inner Detector with an all-silicon
system. Because of its radiation hardness and cost effectiveness, the n-on-p
silicon technology is a promising candidate for a large area pixel detector.
The paper reports on the joint development, by LPNHE and FBK of novel n-on-p
edgeless planar pixel sensors, making use of the active trench concept for the
reduction of the dead area at the periphery of the device. After discussing the
sensor technology, a complete overview of the electrical characterization of
several irradiated samples will be discussed. Some comments about detector
modules being assembled will be made and eventually some plans will be
outlined.
The pathological effects of infections of Dispharynx nasuta (Nematoda : spiruroidea) on the blue grouse Dendragapus obscurus (Say)
Creators: name: Jensen, Doris Nestler
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The pathological effects of infections of Dlspharynx nasuta (Nematoda: Acuariidae) on confined, experiment ally-infected chicks of the blue grouse, Dendragapus obscurus, have been studied. The severity of the infection was found to be directly proportional to the number of worms present and the youth of the host. The development of the lesion produced at the site of infection, the proventriculus of the host, is described and its papillomatous nature confirmed. The previously unknown developmental stages of D. nasuta in the avian host are described and related both to the formation of the lesion and to the disease process. The growth of infected birds, expressed as gain in weight, was less than that of the controls although food intake studies indicated that the amount of food eaten by both groups was comparable. Calcium and phosphorus analyses on bones gave no indication that the mineral metabolism of infected birds was affected although their bones broke more readily than those of the controls. Development of the Juvenal feathers which appear from 3 to 5 weeks of age may be severely retarded. These observations suggest that the protein metabolism of the host is impaired. The numbers of hemocytes of infected grouse fluctuate greatly and show two critical low periods. The first, occurring immediately after infection, can be correlated with the invasion of the larvae and possibly to a substance secreted by them. The second occurs 2 to 3 weeks after initial infection and can be correlated with local irritation and hemorrhages and perhaps the moult of the larvae. Chronic hematological symptoms are anemia and leucocytosis. The latter is characterized by heterophil ia, eosinophilopenia, lymphocytosis of small forms and lymphopenia of the larger forms. The presence of circulating antibodies for D. nasuta was not demonstrated with the techniques used. The evidence suggests that the host tissue reaction may be an allergic response. Several ecological questions concerning the survival of D. nasuta during the winter months, temperature for larval development in the intermediate host, longevity of adult D. nasuta in the definitive host, infection and reinfection of adult blue grouse, are considered. In the laboratory, infections of 16 and 22 worms, administered to the host before 2 weeks of age, were fatal. Results of these experiments indicate that D. nasuta is a debilitating pathogen which may prove fatal and, may act as a controlling factor of natural grouse populations.
Computing Tighter Bounds on the $n$-Queens Constant via Newton's Method
Creators: name: Nobel, Parth
name: Agrawal, Akshay
name: Boyd, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In recent work Simkin shows that bounds on an exponent occurring in the famous $n$-queens problem can be evaluated by solving convex optimization problems, allowing him to find bounds far tighter than previously known. In this note we use Simkin's formulation, a sharper bound developed by Knuth, and a Newton method that scales to large problem instances, to find even sharper bounds.
Nucleon and pion structure with lattice QCD simulations at physical
  value of the pion mass
Creators: name: A. Abdel-Rehim
name: C. Alexandrou
name: M. Constantinou
name: P. Dimopoulos
name: R. Frezzotti
name: K. Hadjiyiannakou
name: K. Jansen
name: Ch. Kallidonis
name: B. Kostrzewa
name: G. Koutsou
name: M. Mangin-Brinet
name: M. Oehm
name: G. C. Rossi
name: C. Urbach
name: U. Wenger
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2015

description: We present results on the nucleon scalar, axial and tensor charges as well as
on the momentum fraction, and the helicity and transversity moments. The pion
momentum fraction is also presented. The computation of these key observables
is carried out using lattice QCD simulations at a physical value of the pion
mass. The evaluation is based on gauge configurations generated with two
degenerate sea quarks of twisted mass fermions with a clover term. We
investigate excited states contributions with the nucleon quantum numbers by
analyzing three sink-source time separations. We find that, for the scalar
charge, excited states contribute significantly and to a less degree to the
nucleon momentum fraction and helicity moment. Our analysis yields a value for
the nucleon axial charge agrees with the experimental value and we predict a
value of 1.027(62) in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ scheme at 2 GeV for the
isovector nucleon tensor charge directly at the physical point. The pion
momentum fraction is found to be $\langle
x\rangle_{u-d}^{\pi^\pm}=0.214(15)(^{+12}_{-9})$ in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ at
2 GeV.
Spectral averaging techniques for Jacobi matrices with matrix entries
Creators: name: Sadel, Christian
name: Schulz-Baldes, Hermann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Jacobi matrix with matrix entries is a self-adjoint block tridiagonal matrix with invertible blocks on the off-diagonals. Averaging over boundary conditions leads to explicit formulas for the averaged spectral measure which can potentially be useful for spectral analysis. Furthermore another variant of spectral averaging over coupling constants for these operators is presented.
Additional file 3 of Amphibian richness along modified riparian areas of central Mexico: conservation priorities
Creators: name: Oropeza-Sánchez, Marco Tulio
name: Suazo-Ortuño, Ireri
name: Benítez-Malvido, Julieta
name: Monroy-Hernández, Erandi
name: Munguía-Steyer, Roberto
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Appendix S3. Detection/no detection records for 20 amphibian species detected on riparian zones from Northwest Michoacán state.
BLEND: A Fast, Memory-Efficient, and Accurate Mechanism to Find Fuzzy Seed Matches in Genome Analysis
Creators: name: Firtina, Can
name: Park, Jisung
name: Alser, Mohammed
name: Kim, Jeremie S.
name: Cali, Damla Senol
name: Shahroodi, Taha
name: Ghiasi, Nika Mansouri
name: Singh, Gagandeep
name: Kanellopoulos, Konstantinos
name: Alkan, Can
name: Mutlu, Onur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Generating the hash values of short subsequences, called seeds, enables quickly identifying similarities between genomic sequences by matching seeds with a single lookup of their hash values. However, these hash values can be used only for finding exact-matching seeds as the conventional hashing methods assign distinct hash values for different seeds, including highly similar seeds. Finding only exact-matching seeds causes either 1) increasing the use of the costly sequence alignment or 2) limited sensitivity. We introduce BLEND, the first efficient and accurate mechanism that can identify both exact-matching and highly similar seeds with a single lookup of their hash values, called fuzzy seed matches. BLEND 1) utilizes a technique called SimHash, that can generate the same hash value for similar sets, and 2) provides the proper mechanisms for using seeds as sets with the SimHash technique to find fuzzy seed matches efficiently. We show the benefits of BLEND when used in read overlapping and read mapping. For read overlapping, BLEND is faster by 2.4x - 83.9x (on average 19.3x), has a lower memory footprint by 0.9x - 14.1x (on average 3.8x), and finds higher quality overlaps leading to accurate de novo assemblies than the state-of-the-art tool, minimap2. For read mapping, BLEND is faster by 0.8x - 4.1x (on average 1.7x) than minimap2. Source code is available at https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/BLEND.
description: Published in NARGAB
title: ÐÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ
title: ÑÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: ÐÑÐ¼Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð°, ÐÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2018
Subjects: ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾
Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð°ÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑ

description: Ð£ÑÐµÐ±Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²ÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¤ÐµÐ´ÐµÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð°ÑÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÑÐµÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Â«Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Â».
ÐÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð², Ð°ÑÐ¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð², Ð¿ÑÐµÐ¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹ ÑÑÐ¸Ð´Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð² Ð²ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð², ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð°ÑÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸ Ð¼ÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐ³Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð² ÑÐ¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ.