cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Galaxy Skew-Spectra in Redshift-Space
Creators: name: Schmittfull, Marcel
name: Dizgah, Azadeh Moradinezhad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern galaxy surveys focus on the galaxy power spectrum or 2-point correlation function to test and constrain cosmological models. Additional information comes from higher-order N-point functions, but their analysis is challenging. A simple solution is to compute the cross-power spectrum between the squared galaxy density and the galaxy density. Being simple to measure and to plot, this skew-spectrum shares many of the familiar useful properties of the standard galaxy power spectrum. We show that by computing multiple quadratic fields and correlating them with the density, all contributions to the tree-level redshift-space galaxy bispectrum can be captured with skew-spectra. Using synthetic datasets, we show that our measurement pipeline matches analytical predictions, and that their dependence on galaxy bias parameters and the logarithmic growth rate is as expected theoretically.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, code available at https://github.com/mschmittfull/skewspec
Granular Skeleton Optimisation and the Influence of the Cement Paste Content in Bio-Based Oyster Shell Mortar with 100% Aggregate Replacement
Creators: name: Pinto Dabes Guimaraes, Ana Claudia
name: Nouailletas, Olivier
name: PERLOT, Céline
name: Grégoire, David
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: cement paste content
subject: full aggregate replacement
subject: by-product valorisation
subject: granular skeleton optimisation
subject: oyster shell
subject: bio-based materials
subject: Renewable energy

description: Abstract :

The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology to optimise the granular skeleton assembly of cementitious materials containing non-spherical aggregates. The method is general and can be applied to any granular skeleton whatever the aggregate shape, size, or composition because it is simply based on the direct minimisation of the intergranular porosity to consequently increase the skeleton’s compactness. Based on an experimental design approach, this method was applied to and validated for bio-based oyster shell (OS) mortar with 100% aggregate replacement. First, the best combination of seven crushed oyster shell particle classes was determined and compared with a standardised sand skeleton (0/4 mm) and three other non-optimised OS gradings in terms of intergranular porosity. In particular, it is shown that simply mimicking a reference grading curve initially designed for spherical particles with non-spherical particles led to poor performances. Then, different mortars were cast with the standardised sand skeleton, the optimised OS grading, and the three other non-optimised OS gradings by keeping the water-to-cement ratio (0.5), the aggregate bulk volume, and the cement paste content constant. Mechanical tests in compression confirmed the higher performance of the optimised OS mortar, validating the global optimisation approach. However, the high elongation of the oyster shell aggregates led to high skeleton intergranular porosities -- even after optimisation -- and the cement paste content needed to be adapted. For a given granular skeleton and for a constant aggregate bulk volume, the increase of the cement paste content led to an increase of both the filling ratio and the mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strengths). Finally, it is shown that the proposed skeleton optimisation and a cement paste content adjustment allowed recovering good mechanical properties for an oyster shell mortar with 100% aggregate replacement, especially in flexural tension.
description: Re-UNITA open contest 2024
Local Starbursts in a Cosmological Context
Creators: name: Heckman, Timothy M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution I introduce some of the major issues that motivate the conference, with an emphasis on how starbursts fit into the ``big picture''. I begin by defining starbursts in several different ways, and discuss the merits and limitations of these definitions. I will argue that the most physically useful definition of a starburst is its ``intensity'' (star formation rate per unit area). This is the most natural parameter to compare local starbursts with physically similar galaxies at high redshift, and indeed I will argue that local starbursts are unique laboratories to study the processes at work in the early universe. I will describe how NASA's GALEX mission has uncovered a rare population of close analogs to Lyman Break Galaxies in the local universe. I will then compare local starbursts to the Lyman-Break and sub-mm galaxies high redshift populations, and speculate that the multidimensional ``manifold'' of starbursts near and far can be understood largely in terms of the Schmidt/Kennicutt law and galaxy mass-metallicity relation. I will briefly summarize he properties of starburst-driven galactic superwinds and their possible implications for the evolution of galaxies and the IGM. These complex multiphase flows are best studied in nearby starbursts, where we can study the the hot X-ray gas that contains the bulk of the energy and newly produced metals.
description: Proceedings of the Conference "Starbursts: Fropm 30 Doradus to Lyman Break Galaxies"
VinVL: Revisiting Visual Representations in Vision-Language Models
Creators: name: Zhang, Pengchuan
name: Li, Xiujun
name: Hu, Xiaowei
name: Yang, Jianwei
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Wang, Lijuan
name: Choi, Yejin
name: Gao, Jianfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a detailed study of improving visual representations for vision language (VL) tasks and develops an improved object detection model to provide object-centric representations of images. Compared to the most widely used \emph{bottom-up and top-down} model \cite{anderson2018bottom}, the new model is bigger, better-designed for VL tasks, and pre-trained on much larger training corpora that combine multiple public annotated object detection datasets. Therefore, it can generate representations of a richer collection of visual objects and concepts. While previous VL research focuses mainly on improving the vision-language fusion model and leaves the object detection model improvement untouched, we show that visual features matter significantly in VL models. In our experiments we feed the visual features generated by the new object detection model into a Transformer-based VL fusion model \oscar \cite{li2020oscar}, and utilize an improved approach \short\ to pre-train the VL model and fine-tune it on a wide range of downstream VL tasks. Our results show that the new visual features significantly improve the performance across all VL tasks, creating new state-of-the-art results on seven public benchmarks. We will release the new object detection model to public.
Absorption and quasinormal modes of classical fields propagating on 3D and 4D de Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: López-Ortega, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extensively study the exact solutions of the massless Dirac equation in 3D de Sitter spacetime that we published recently. Using the Newman-Penrose formalism, we find exact solutions of the equations of motion for the massless classical fields of spin s=1/2,1,2 and to the massive Dirac equation in 4D de Sitter metric. Employing these solutions, we analyze the absorption by the cosmological horizon and de Sitter quasinormal modes. We also comment on the results given by other authors.
description: 31 pages
Consistency of shared reference frames should be reexamined
Creators: name: Gao, Fei
name: Guo, Fen-Zhuo
name: Wen, Qiao-Yan
name: Zhu, Fu-Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent Letter [G. Chiribella et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 120501 (2007)], four protocols were proposed to secretly transmit a reference frame. Here We point out that in these protocols an eavesdropper can change the transmitted reference frame without being detected, which means the consistency of the shared reference frames should be reexamined. The way to check the above consistency is discussed. It is shown that this problem is quite different from that in previous protocols of quantum cryptography.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, comments are welcome
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis feedback regulation in rats prenatally exposed to ethanol
Creators: name: Hofmann, Candace Erica
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Animals exposed to ethanol in utero to ethanol exhibit hormonal hyperresponsiveness to stressors in adulthood. One possible mechanism for this hyperresponsiveness is a deficit in negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis. The present study tested the hypothesis that a deficit in the fast feedback time domain may play a role in the hormonal hyperresponsiveness in ethanol-exposed rats. Sprague-Dawley offspring from prenatal ethanol (E), pair-fed (PF) and ad lib-fed control (C) groups were tested in two experiments. Expt 1 utilized a swim stress paradigm and tested animals at the trough of the corticosterone (CORT) circadian rhythm; Expt 2 utilized ether stress and tested animals at the peak of the circadian rhythm. Animals were injected sc with CORT or saline and were immediately subjected to either a 5 min swim stress or a 1 min ether stress. Half the animals were terminated immediately after stress (5 min post injection) and the rest were terminated 25 min later. Plasma levels of CORT and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) were assayed to determine whether E animals differed from control animals in showing a CORT induced blunting of the ACTH response to the stressor, indicating alterations in fast feedback regulation. Injection of CORT significantly blunted the ACTH response to swim stress (Expt 1) in E, PF and C females and males compared to their saline injected counterparts. There were no significant differences among groups. Similarly, CORT injected males in E, PF and C groups all exhibited a significantly blunted ACTH response to ether stress (Expt 2) . CORT injected C females also exhibited a significantly blunted ACTH response to ether stress, while E females showed a clear decrease in plasma CORT that approached significance, indicating functional fast feedback in E and C females. However, PF females showed a clear deficit in fast feedback regulation. Together, these data suggest that: 1) CORT injection can serve as a fast feedback signal that can blunt the ACTH response to a stressor, 2) prenatal ethanol exposure does not produce a deficit in HPA feedback regulation in the fast feedback time domain.
Turbulence and Particle Acceleration in Radiative Shock Waves in the Cygnus Loop II: Development of Postshock Turbulence
Creators: name: Raymond, John C.
name: Slavin, Jonathan D.
name: Blair, William P.
name: Chilingarian, Igor V.
name: Burkhart, Blakesley
name: Sankrit, Ravi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiative shock waves in the Cygnus Loop and other supernova remnants show different morphologies in [O III] and Hα emission. We use HST spectra and narrowband images to study the development of turbulence in the cooling region behind a shock on the west limb of the Cygnus Loop. We refine our earlier estimates of shock parameters that were based upon ground-based spectra, including ram pressure, vorticity and magnetic field strength. We apply several techniques, including Fourier power spectra and the Rolling Hough Transform, to quantify the shape of the rippled shock front as viewed in different emission lines. We assess the relative importance of thermal instabilities, the thin shell instability, upstream density variations, and upstream magnetic field variations in producing the observed structure.
description: 40 pages, 22 Figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
The Origin and Nature of Neptune-like Planets Orbiting Close to Solar Type Stars
Creators: name: Brunini, Adrián
name: Cionco, Rodolfo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sample of known exoplanets is strongly biased to masses larger than the ones of the giant gaseous planets of the solar system. Recently, the discovery of two extrasolar planets of considerably lower masses around the nearby stars GJ 436 and $ρ$ Cancri was reported. They are like our outermost icy giants, Uranus and Neptune, but in contrast, these new planets are orbiting at only some hundredth of the Earth-Sun distance from their host stars, raising several new questions about their origin and constitution. Here we report numerical simulations of planetary accretion that show, for the first time through N-body integrations that the formation of compact systems of Neptune-like planets close to the hosts stars could be a common by-product of planetary formation. We found a regime of planetary accretion, in which orbital migration accumulates protoplanets in a narrow region around the inner edge of the nebula, where they collide each other giving rise to Neptune-like planets. Our results suggest that, if a protoplanetary solar environment is common in the galaxy, the discovery of a vast population of this sort of 'hot cores' should be expected in the near future.
description: Published by Icarus. pages:27, figs.: 3
The application of Semantic Publishing technologies in the Science of Science research domain for the Humanities field
Creators: name: Heibi, Ivan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Science of Science
subject: Humanities
subject: FOS: Humanities
subject: Semantic Publishing
subject: Semantic Web
subject: Citations
subject: Citation function
subject: Research articles

description: SOS (Science of Science) purpose is to quantify and predict scientific research and its resulting outcomes. The main purpose of my work is the application of this field of study into the Humanities domain, which has gained less attention in the literature compared to the sciences. Bibliometric analysis and social/networking interactions should be taken into consideration. Through this work, I would like to mainly focus on one important macro aspect concerning scholarly publications in the Humanities: Citations. Regarding this, I would like to focus on these two research questions:
 (a) What are the common leading patterns, from a syntactic point of view, used by authors when citing and creating the bibliographic references? e.g. a quantitative analysis of citations in accordance with the sections in which they have been used. Detection, extraction, and classification of references are all thematics covered by this question.
 (b) What are the reasons, i.e. the citation function, to cite other works and what are the most important ones?
 Finally, I would like to turn the information and knowledge gained from the above questions into a practical formation. The idea is to create tools and design models which could highlight meaningful features/metrics, and outlook information on Humanities research from different perspectives.
Anomalously Weak Dynamical Friction in Halos
Creators: name: Sellwood, J. A.
name: Debattista, Victor P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A bar rotating in a pressure-supported halo generally loses angular momentum and slows down due to dynamical friction. Valenzuela & Klypin report a counter-example of a bar that rotates in a dense halo with little friction for several Gyr, and argue that their result invalidates the claim by Debattista & Sellwood that fast bars in real galaxies require a low halo density. We show that it is possible for friction to cease for a while should the pattern speed of the bar fluctuate upward. The reduced friction is due to an anomalous gradient in the phase-space density of particles at the principal resonance created by the earlier evolution. The result obtained by Valenzuela & Klypin is probably an artifact of their adaptive mesh refinement method, but anyway could not persist in a real galaxy. The conclusion by Debattista & Sellwood still stands.
description: To appear in "Island Universes - Structure and Evolution of Disk Galaxies" ed. R. S. de Jong, 8 pages, 4 figures, .cls and .sty files included
Search for resonant second generation slepton production at the Tevatron
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
name: Abazov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for supersymmetry in the R-parity violating resonant production and decay of smuons and muon-sneutrinos in the channels smuon->neutralino_1 muon, smuon->neutralino_2 muon, and muon-sneutrino->chargino muon. We analyzed 0.38 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity collected between April 2002 and August 2004 with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The observed number of events is in agreement with the standard model expectation, and we calculate 95% C.L. limits on the slepton production cross section times branching fraction to gaugino plus muon, as a function of slepton and gaugino masses. In the framework of minimal supergravity, we set limits on the coupling parameter lambda'_211, extending significantly previous results obtained in Run I of the Tevatron and at the CERN LEP collider.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Dynamic focus shaping with mixed-aperture coherent beam combining
Creators: name: Prossotowicz, Maike
name: Flamm, Daniel
name: Heimes, Andreas
name: Jansen, Florian
name: Otto, Hans-Jürgen
name: Budnicki, Aleksander
name: Killi, Alexander
name: Morgner, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel concept for dynamic focus shaping based on highly efficient coherent beam combining with microlens arrays (MLA) as combining element is presented. This concept allows to control the power weights of diffraction orders by varying the absolute phases of an array of input beams. A proof-of-principle experiment is supported by simulations. For this, an input beam matrix of 5 x 5 beams is combined proving both the ability for further power scaling and dynamic focus shaping.
description: Accepted manuscript, 4 pages, 8 figures, 1 supplementary material and 4 visualizations
Time-reversal symmetry violations and entropy production in field theories of polar active matter
Creators: name: Borthne, ØL
name: Fodor, É
name: Cates, Michael
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper
entropy production
active matter
flocking

description: Funder: ATTRACT Investigator Grant, Luxembourg National Research Fund Oppenheimer Research Fellowship, University of Cambridge
description: Funder: Junior Research Fellowship, St Catharine's College
description: Funder: Aker Scholarship
description: Abstract We investigate the steady-state entropy production rate (EPR) in the hydrodynamic Vicsek model (HVM) and diffusive flocking model (DFM). Both models display a transition from an isotropic gas to a polar liquid (flocking) phase, in addition to travelling polar clusters and microphase-separation in the miscibility gap. The phase diagram of the DFM, which may be considered an extension of the HVM, contains additional structure at low densities where we find a novel crystal phase in which a stationary hexagonal lattice of high-density ridges surround low density valleys. From an assessment of the scaling of the EPR at low noise, we uncover that the dynamics in this limit may be organised into three main classes based on the dominant contribution. Truly nonequilibrium dynamics is characterised by a divergent EPR in this limit, and sustains global time-reversal symmetry (TRS) violating currents at zero noise. On the other hand, marginally nonequilibrium and effectively equilibrium dynamics have a finite EPR in this limit, and TRS is broken only at the level of fluctuations. For the latter of these two cases, detailed balance is restored in the small noise limit and we recover effective Boltzmann statistics to lowest nontrivial order. We further demonstrate that the scaling of the EPR may change depending on the dynamical variables that are tracked when it is computed, and the protocol chosen for time-reversal. Results acquired from numerical simulations of the dynamics confirm both the asymptotic scaling relations we derive and our quantitative predictions.
The D^{10} R^4 term in type IIB string theory
Creators: name: Basu, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modular invariant coefficient of the D^{2k} {\cal{R}}^4 term in the effective action of type IIB superstring theory is expected to satisfy Poisson equation on the fundamental domain of SL(2,Z). Under certain assumptions, we obtain the equation satisfied by D^{10} {\cal{R}}^4 using the tree level and one loop results for four graviton scattering in type II string theory. This leads to the conclusion that the perturbative contributions to D^{10} {\cal{R}}^4 vanish above three loops, and also predicts the coefficients at two and three loops.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX
Magnetic order in the chemically-substituted frustrated antiferromagnet CsCrF$_{4}$
Creators: name: Hayashida, Shohei
name: Hagihala, Masato
name: Avdeev, Maxim
name: Miura, Yoko
name: Manaka, Hirotaka
name: Masuda, Takatsugu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of chemical substitution on the ground state of the geometrically frustrated antiferromagnet CsCrF$_4$ has been investigated through a neutron powder diffraction experiment. Magnetic Fe-substituted CsCr$_{0.94}$Fe$_{0.06}$F$_{4}$ and nonmagnetic Al-substituted CsCr$_{0.98}$Al$_{0.02}$F$_{4}$ samples are measured, and magnetic Bragg peaks are clearly observed in both samples. Magnetic structure analysis revealed a 120$^{\circ}$ structure having a magnetic propagation vector $\mathbf{k}_{\rm mag}=(0,0,1/2)$ in CsCr$_{0.94}$Fe$_{0.06}$F$_{4}$. For CsCr$_{0.98}$Al$_{0.02}$F$_{4}$, a quasi-120$^{\circ}$ structure having $\mathbf{k}_{\rm mag}=(1/2,0,1/2)$ is formed. It is notable that the identified magnetic structure in CsCr$_{0.94}$Fe$_{0.06}$F$_{4}$ belongs to a different phase of ground states from those in CsCr$_{0.98}$Al$_{0.02}$F$_{4}$ and the parent CsCrF$_{4}$. These results suggest that the Fe-substitution strongly influences the ground state of CsCrF$_{4}$.
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas: report of patients treated in a brazilian pediatric oncological center
Creators: name: Felix, Francisco
name: Santos, Kelly
name: Freire, Paula
name: Rayra Lima
name: Juvenia Fontenele
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Introduction: diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) represent 15-20% of pediatric brain tumors, but are the largest cause of mortality in children and adolescents with brain tumors. Despite significant recent increase in research efforts, little progress has been made in their treatment, which remains the same for the last 4 decades. The only treatment modality widely accepted as having some efficacy is radiotherapy. Although many chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapies have been tested, no pharmacological treatment has shown efficacy in the treatment of patients with DIPG. Our medical center is the only one in our state to diagnose and treat pediatric patients with brain tumors.

Conclusions: DIPG is a very poor prognosis tumor, with survival at 1 and 2 years unsatisfactory despite treatment with chemoradiation in most patients.
Climate, Land, Energy and Water systems (CLEWs)
Creators: name: Ramos, Eunice Pereira
name: Sridharan, Vignesh
name: Engström, Rebecka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Nexus
CLEWs
OSeMOSYS
Interactions

description: Integrated assessments, the nexus concept and CLEWs Systems' interactions Methods and Modelling approaches Selected CLEWs studies Key messages
Focal brainstem tumors: report of patients treated in a brazilian pediatric oncological center
Creators: name: Juvenia Fontenele
name: Freire, Paula
name: Santos, Kelly
name: Rayra Lima
name: Felix, Francisco
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Introduction: focal tumors account for 20% of pediatric tumors of brain stem, but raise controversies about their treatment and prognosis. Most focal brainstem gliomas are of low-grade malignancy. The standard treatment is surgery, however, the complete removal of these lesions is an exception and recurrence a frequent problem. Several chemotherapy drug regimens and targeted therapies have been tested for patients with focal brain stem tumor, some with promising response.

Conclusions: Pediatric patients with focal brain stem tumors have a good prognosis, with a satisfactory 4-year survival, despite the natural history of multiple recurrences.
Deep Graph Normalizer: A Geometric Deep Learning Approach for Estimating Connectional Brain Templates
Creators: name: Gurbuz, Mustafa Burak
name: Rekik, Islem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A connectional brain template (CBT) is a normalized graph-based representation of a population of brain networks also regarded as an average connectome. CBTs are powerful tools for creating representative maps of brain connectivity in typical and atypical populations. Particularly, estimating a well-centered and representative CBT for populations of multi-view brain networks (MVBN) is more challenging since these networks sit on complex manifolds and there is no easy way to fuse different heterogeneous network views. This problem remains unexplored with the exception of a few recent works rooted in the assumption that the relationship between connectomes are mostly linear. However, such an assumption fails to capture complex patterns and non-linear variation across individuals. Besides, existing methods are simply composed of sequential MVBN processing blocks without any feedback mechanism, leading to error accumulation. To address these issues, we propose Deep Graph Normalizer (DGN), the first geometric deep learning (GDL) architecture for normalizing a population of MVBNs by integrating them into a single connectional brain template. Our end-to-end DGN learns how to fuse multi-view brain networks while capturing non-linear patterns across subjects and preserving brain graph topological properties by capitalizing on graph convolutional neural networks. We also introduce a randomized weighted loss function which also acts as a regularizer to minimize the distance between the population of MVBNs and the estimated CBT, thereby enforcing its centeredness. We demonstrate that DGN significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods on estimating CBTs on both small-scale and large-scale connectomic datasets in terms of both representativeness and discriminability (i.e., identifying distinctive connectivities fingerprinting each brain network population).
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Differentiation of individual cell populations in a touch mixture using antibody probes and flow cytometry
Creators: name: Stanciu, Cristina E.
name: Kwon, Ye Jin
name: Eduardo, E. Bustamante
name: Cruz, Tracey Dawson
name: M. Katherine Philpott
name: Ehrhardt, Christopher
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Mixture interpretation continues to be a challenge for the forensic community. While methods exist to separate cells from different contributors prior to DNA extraction, most can only be used on mixtures of different cell types. Yet, an increasing proportion of evidentiary samples submitted for casework are contact mixtures in which two or more individuals have contributed epidermal cells. Resolving these mixtures is more problematic due to the consistent morphology and size of epidermal cells across individuals. Protein biochemistry offers one promising avenue for differentiating contributors in a mixture since individuals may vary in the abundance of certain structural alleles within epidermal cells. The objective of this research was to survey biochemical profiles of contact epidermal cells across individuals by labeling them with allele-specific antibodies. Observed differences in the protein abundance and/or diversity would then be used to separate individual cell populations from the mixture using flow cytometry.

Two and three person touch mixtures were generated from ~20 individual donors by holding or rubbing the same substrate. Intact epidermal cells ~30-50 µm were then collected, labeled with antibody probes targeting the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Complex and Cytokeratin (CK) filaments within the cell, and analyzed with flow cytometry. Epidermal cells hybridized with HLA probes showed no discernible increase in cellular fluorescence. However, epidermal cells from different donors showed consistently different interactions with certain CK probes suggesting that the abundance of allele targets within the cell may be a useful signature for differentiating and sorting individual contributors within a mixture.

In order to examine the forensic utility of this approach, we used AE1 probe to label two person mixtures, sorted cell populations based on their fluorescence profiles, and performed STR profiling on each fraction. Although differences in fluorescence were consistently observed, the amplifiable DNA content of sorted cells were significantly lower than expected, <100pg per 1x106 cells which may be due to the dissociation of extracellular DNA from cell surfaces during sorting. Current efforts are focusing on coupling this approach with ultrasensitive DNA profiling platforms for forensic applications.
Design guidelines for a highly efficient high-purity Germanium (HPGe)-based double-heterojunction solar cell
Creators: name: Hossain, Jaker
name: Moon, Md. Mahabub Alam
name: Mondal, Bipanko Kumar
name: Halim, Mohammad Abdul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spite of having higher carrier mobilities and absorption coefficients of germanium (Ge) than those of silicon (Si), there has been less focus on Ge-based solar cells due to the low bandgap and high-cost of Ge wafer as well as requirement of its high-purity level. Currently, availability of high-purity Ge (HPGe), the low-cost wafer slicing method and proper design guidelines make it possible to design HPGe-based solar cells. Accordingly, in this article, we have designed and simulated a novel n-CdS/p-HPGe/p+-BaSi2 based npp+ double-heterojunction solar cell, where HPGe, cadmium sulfide (CdS) and orthorhombic barium disilicide (beta-BaSi2) have been used as the absorber, window and back-surface field (BSF) layers, respectively. Using the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D), the effects of different physical parameters such as the thickness, doping and defect densities, band offsets and temperature on the photovoltaic (PV) parameters of the designed solar cells have been investigated systematically. This article renders the optimized PV parameters to improve the device performance with the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~45.65% with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.16 V owing to the high built-in voltage of 1.7 V for the n-CdS/p-HPGe/p+-BaSi2 solar cells. This efficiency is almost consistent with the detailed-balance limit for double heterojunction solar cell.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures
Model-Checking Problems as a Basis for Parameterized Intractability
Creators: name: Flum, Joerg
name: Grohe, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.3; F.4.1

description: Most parameterized complexity classes are defined in terms of a parameterized version of the Boolean satisfiability problem (the so-called weighted satisfiability problem). For example, Downey and Fellow's W-hierarchy is of this form. But there are also classes, for example, the A-hierarchy, that are more naturally characterised in terms of model-checking problems for certain fragments of first-order logic. Downey, Fellows, and Regan were the first to establish a connection between the two formalisms by giving a characterisation of the W-hierarchy in terms of first-order model-checking problems. We improve their result and then prove a similar correspondence between weighted satisfiability and model-checking problems for the A-hierarchy and the W^*-hierarchy. Thus we obtain very uniform characterisations of many of the most important parameterized complexity classes in both formalisms. Our results can be used to give new, simple proofs of some of the core results of structural parameterized complexity theory.
description: Changes in since v2: Metadata updated
Agricultural and Rural Economic and Social Indicators
Creators: name: Reinsel, Edward
name: Reinsel, Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: economic and social indicators
subject: agricultural statistics

description: This guide provides descriptions and illustrative samples of available statistics from the agricultural and rural economic and social indicators published by the Economic Research Service (ERS), U.S. Department of Agriculture. Users will learn what the statistics measure, when and where the information is published, whether the data are available in electronic form, and whom to contact for more information. The data come from various published reports and materials prepared by ERS staff. Underlying data and series frequently come from other Federal agencies or from international organizations.
Spin-glass dynamics in the presence of a magnetic field: exploration of microscopic properties
Creators: name: Paga, I.
name: Zhai, Q.
name: Baity-Jesi, M.
name: Calore, E.
name: Cruz, A.
name: Fernandez, L. A.
name: Gil-Narvion, J. M.
name: Pemartin, I. Gonzalez-Adalid
name: Gordillo-Guerrero, A
name: Iñiguez, D.
name: Maiorano, A.
name: Marinari, E.
name: Martin-Mayor, V.
name: Moreno-Gordo, J.
name: Muñoz-Sudupe, A.
name: Navarro, D.
name: Orbach, R. L.
name: Parisi, G.
name: Perez-Gaviro, S.
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, F.
name: Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J.
name: Schifano, S. F.
name: Schlagel, D. L.
name: Seoane, B.
name: Tarancon, A.
name: Tripiccione, R.
name: Yllanes, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The synergy between experiment, theory, and simulations enables a microscopic analysis of spin-glass dynamics in a magnetic field in the vicinity of and below the spin-glass transition temperature $T_\mathrm{g}$. The spin-glass correlation length, $ξ(t,t_\mathrm{w};T)$, is analysed both in experiments and in simulations in terms of the waiting time $t_\mathrm{w}$ after the spin glass has been cooled down to a stabilised measuring temperature $T
description: 49 pages, figures 25
Klein, Christoph, Um die elfte Stunde - ein Jahrgang
Creators: name: Held, Heinz Joachim
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 43 Nr. 4 (1994): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 43, Heft 4
Team Jayhawks – our experience in the prostate cancer DREAM challenge
Creators: name: Koestler, Devin
name: Meier, Richard
name: Graw, Stefan
name: Usset, Joseph
name: Raghavan, Rama
name: Junqiang Dai
name: Prabhakar Chalise
name: Ellis, Shellie
name: Fridley, Brooke
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: From March through August 2015, nearly 60 teams from around the world participated in the Prostate Cancer Dream Challenge, cosponsored in part by: the Prostate Cancer Foundation, National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Participating teams were faced with the task of developing prediction models for patient survival and treatment toxicity using clinical variables collected from the comparator arms of four phase III clinical trials, including over 2,000 metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer patients treated with first-line docetaxel.  In this poster presentation, we describe: (a) the 3 sub challenges comprising the Prostate Cancer Dream Challenge, (b) the statistical metrics used by the challenge organizers for benchmarking the performance of prediction models for each sub-challenge, and (c) our team’s overall analytic strategy for addressing each of the challenge objectives.  Specifically, we discuss our approach for identifying clinically important risk-predictors (i.e., feature selection and dimension reduction), the methodological framework(s) considered by our team for model development and validation, including the ensemble-based Cox proportional hazards regression model representing our final submission, and the adaptation of our modeling framework based on the results from the intermittent leaderboard rounds.   As the aftermath of the Prostate Cancer Dream Challenge has prompted our team to reflect on the lessons learned throughout challenge, we also provide our perspectives on the importance of delegation, collaboration, data cleaning, and organization in challenges such as the Prostate Cancer Dream Challenge.
Improving reference mining in patents with BERT
Creators: name: Voskuil, Ken
name: Verberne, Suzan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.1; I.2.7

description: In this paper we address the challenge of extracting scientific references from patents. We approach the problem as a sequence labelling task and investigate the merits of BERT models to the extraction of these long sequences. References in patents to scientific literature are relevant to study the connection between science and industry. Most prior work only uses the front-page citations for this analysis, which are provided in the metadata of patent archives. In this paper we build on prior work using Conditional Random Fields (CRF) and Flair for reference extraction. We improve the quality of the training data and train three BERT-based models on the labelled data (BERT, bioBERT, sciBERT). We find that the improved training data leads to a large improvement in the quality of the trained models. In addition, the BERT models beat CRF and Flair, with recall scores around 97% obtained with cross validation. With the best model we label a large collection of 33 thousand patents, extract the citations, and match them to publications in the Web of Science database. We extract 50% more references than with the old training data and methods: 735 thousand references in total. With these patent-publication links, follow-up research will further analyze which types of scientific work lead to inventions.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
THE EARLY OLIGOCENE FLORA OF SANTA GIUSTINA (LIGURIA, ITALY) - REVISION AND COMPARISON WITH THE FLORA OF THE TARD CLAY FORMATION
Creators: name: HABLY, LILLA
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2010
Subjects: Santa Giustina; Oligocene; Flora; Revision; Principi; Tard Clay Formation; Terrane; Inner Carpathian Region; Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaric Region

description: Based on palaeobotanical material preserved at the University of Genoa, Italy (DIP.TE.RIS.), a revision of the Early Oligocene flora of Santa Giustina, as well as the 1916 monograph of Principi, was undertaken. It is shown that apart from members of the Lauraceae family, Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis and Sloanea olmediaefolia were dominant in the flora, which was mainly composed of warmth-demanding species. The site is primarily characterized by remnants of the vegetation developed under warm and moist climate and abundant water supply. A few additional plants from the neighboring zonal vegetation are also present. The flora is quite reminiscent of that of the Tard Clay Formation, part of the Inner Carpathian Region, providing a proven link to the floristic relationships of these areas. Up to the Pre-Neogene, the Inner Carpathian Region and the surrounding Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaric Region was composed of a composite terrane that 1) existed independently from Stable Europe, and, 2) had a much more southerly position than today. This terrane collage was sharply bordered from all directions except west, as is supported by new evidences of the floristic affinities with the Santa Giustina flora.
description: Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 116, No 3
Optical recombination lines as probes of conditions in planetary nebulae
Creators: name: Liu, X. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the last IAU symposium on planetary nebulae (PNe), several deep spectroscopic surveys of the relatively faint optical recombination lines (ORLs) emitted by heavy element ions in PNe and H II regions have been completed. New diagnostic tools have been developed thanks to progress in the calculations of basic atomic data. Together, they have led to a better understanding of the physical conditions under which the various types of emission lines arise. The studies have strengthened the previous conjecture that nebulae contain another component of cold, high metallicity gas, which is too cool to excite any significant optical or UV CELs and is thus invisible via such lines. The existence of such a plasma component in PNe and possibly also in H II regions provides a natural solution to the long-standing problem in nebular astrophysics, i.e. the dichotomy of nebular plasma diagnostics and abundance determinations using ORLs and continua on the one hand and collisionally excited lines (CELs) on the other.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, review talk presented to the IAU Symposium #234, ``Planetary nebulae in our Galaxy and beyond'', held in Hawaii, USA, April 3-7 2006
THE GARGANO TERRE ROSSE INSULAR FAUNAS: AN OVERVIEW
Creators: name: MASINI, FEDERICO
name: MARIA RINALDI, PAOLO
name: PETRUSO, DARIA
name: SURDI, GIOVANNI
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2010
Subjects: Late Miocene-Early Pliocene; Gargano; Insular fauna; Endemism; Biochronology; Biogeography

description: After forty years from its discovery, the history of the field surveys and of the researches on the fossiliferous deposits on Gargano is briefly reported. The Gargano fauna belongs to the Abruzzo-Apulian Palaeobioprovince (including also Scontrone and Palena, Abruzzo). The fossil assemblage comprehends all the classes of terrestrial vertebrates: Reptilia, Amphibia, Aves and Mammalia. The faunal composition is unbalanced and presents the features of a typical insular endemic fauna. The bulk of the assemblage is composed of small mammals and birds. Based on literature, we report the most characteristic features, phylogenetic relationships, and evolutionary remarks on a list of mammals, focusing particularly on the adaptations of the most endemic taxa. Moreover, a biochronological scheme of the major faunal events is proposed and illustrated. Although still imperfect, the scheme is the first synopsis of all the biochronological and taxonomical information on mammals so far available. Eventually, the hypotheses on the origin and modes of colonisation are summarized and shortly discussed. From this overview the Gargano fauna is indeed of great interest for studies of evolution and biogeography. Nonetheless, there are persistent uncertainties on its age and origin, as well as on the age of infilling of the karstic fissure system of this unique fossiliferous locality.
description: Rivista italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Vol 116, No 3
Towards a precision measurement of the Casimir force in a cylinder-plane geometry
Creators: name: Brown-Hayes, Michael
name: Dalvit, Diego A. R.
name: Mazzitelli, Francisco D.
name: Kim, Woo-Joong
name: Onofrio, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a proposal aimed at measuring the Casimir force in a cylinder-plane configuration. The Casimir force is evaluated including corrections due to finite parallelism, conductivity, and temperature. The range of validity of the proximity force approximation is also discussed. An apparatus to test the feasibility of a precision measurement in this configuration has been developed, and we describe both a procedure to control the parallelism and the results of the electrostatic calibration. Finally, we discuss the possibility of measuring the thermal contribution to the Casimir force and deviations from the proximity force approximation, both of which are expected at relatively large distances.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures (.eps format, higher-resolution figures in published version)
Binding-theoretic analysis of Navajo possessor YI-
Creators: name: Horseherder, Nicole
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines possessor yi- in Navajo (Southern Athabaskan). Previous analyses deal with,y/- mainly as a prefix attached to verbs and post-positions; in contrast to prior work, this thesis analyzes yi- as a possessor prefix (attached to nouns). I propose that possessor yi- is a disjoint anaphor (DA), as originally proposed by Saxon (1984a, 1986,1995) for its cognate in Dogrib (Northern Athabaskan). As a disjoint anaphor it must have a local A'-antecedent from which it is disjoint in reference. I show that, yi- must also have an A'-antecedent with which it is obligatorily coreferent. I interpret the binding behavior of yi- in terms of (Aouns1 1985) theory of Generalized Binding. I claim that since it must simultaneously satisfy condition (as an A-anaphor) and C (since it must be A-free), yi- must crucially have two antecedents: an A-antecedent with which it is coreferent, and an A-antecedent from which it is disjoint in reference. I show that for this relation to be licit, both antecedents (A' and A) must also agree in phi-features with yi-, which is inherently specified as third person singular.
Fuzzballs and Observations
Creators: name: Mayerson, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of gravitational waves and black hole imaging has opened a new window into probing the horizon scale of black holes. An important question is whether string theory results for black holes can predict interesting and observable features that current and future experiments can probe. In this article I review the budding and exciting research being done on understanding the possibilities of observing signals from fuzzballs, where black holes are replaced by string-theoretic horizon-scale microstructure. In order to be accessible to both string theorists and black hole phenomenologists, I give a brief overview of the relevant observational experiments as well as the fuzzball paradigm in string theory and its explicitly constructable solutions called microstate geometries.
description: 29 pages + references, 7 figures. Invited Review for GERG Topical Collection: The Fuzzball Paradigm. v2: minor changes and references added