cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Entanglement and alpha entropies for a massive Dirac field in two dimensions
Creators: name: Casini, H.
name: Fosco, C. D.
name: Huerta, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some exact results about universal quantities derived from the local density matrix, for a free massive Dirac field in two dimensions. We first find the trace of powers of the density matrix in a novel fashion, which involves the correlators of suitable operators in the sine-Gordon model. These, in turn, can be written exactly in terms of the solutions of non-linear differential equations of the Painlevé V type. Equipped with the previous results, we find the leading terms for the entanglement entropy, both for short and long distances, and showing that in the intermediate regime it can be expanded in a series of multiple integrals. The previous results have been checked by direct numerical calculations on the lattice, finding perfect agreement. Finally, we comment on a possible generalization of the entanglement entropy c-theorem to the alpha-entropies.
description: Clarification in section 2, one reference added. 15 pages, 3 figures
Entanglement preparation and non-reciprocal excitation evolution in giant atoms by controllable dissipation and coupling
Creators: name: Yu, Hongwei
name: Wang, Zhihai
name: Wu, Jin-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of giant atom(s) in a waveguide QED scenario, where the atom couples to the coupled resonator waveguide via two sites. For a single giant atom setup, we find that the atomic dissipation rate can be adjusted by tuning its size. For the two giant atoms system, the waveguide will induce the controllable individual and collective dissipation as well as effective inter-atom coupling. As a result, we can theoretically realize the robust entangled state preparation and non-reciprocal excitation evolution. We hope our study can be applied in quantum information processing based on photonic and acoustic waveguide setup.
description: 9 Pages, 4 Figures, Accepted by Phys. Rev. A
The second Johnson homomorphism and the second rational cohomology of the Johnson kernel
Creators: name: Sakasai, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R40 (Primary), 32G15 57R20 (Secondary)

description: The Johnson kernel is the subgroup of the mapping class group of a surface generated by Dehn twists along bounding simple closed curves, and has the second Johnson homomorphism as a free abelian quotient. In terms of the representation theory of the symplectic group, we give a complete description of cup products of two classes in the first rational cohomology of the Johnson kernel obtained by the rational dual of the second Johnson homomorphism.
description: 24 pages. An insufficient point in the original argument given in Section 4.2 is corrected by the referee's comment. To appear in Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc
Land Markets, Employment, and Resource Use in the Peri-Urban Green Zones of Maputo, Mozambique: A Case Study of Land Market Rigidities and Institutional Constraints to Economic Growth
Creators: name: Roth, Michael J.
name: Boucher, Stephen R.
name: Francisco, Antonio
name: Roth, Michael J.
name: Boucher, Stephen R.
name: Francisco, Antonio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Beginning in January 1991, the U.S. Agency for International Development funded a series of studies on land, employment, and financial markets in the peri-urban areas of Maputo. Beginning in September 1991, a land-market survey involving 121 households and 162 plots of land was administered in two peri-urban green zones of Maputo-districts 4 and 6. Households were queried about their land-settlement histories, mode of land acquisition, terms and conditions of transfer, land rights, size of holdings, perceptions of tenure security, land-use practices, commercial input use, hired labor, agricultural sales and revenues, nonfarm employment and earnings, and general demographic characteristics. The present study reports findings from the land-market survey along with numerous other interviews with producers, buyers and sellers of land, local authorities, and district and national officials in Maputo and its surrounding peri-urban green zones. Section 1 is introductory while section 2 covers the legal foundation of land tenure and describes the various authorities and agencies responsible for setting and enforcing land policy in the peri-urban zone. Section 3 explains the research design and sampling frame used to select households and landholdings for the study, choice of strata, survey instruments, research questions, and data limitations. Section 4 provides a statistical profile of the household economy while section 5 examines processes of land settlement, land acquisition, types and sources of land dispute, and registration benefits. In section 6, economic and political factors are linked with land prices to explain the determination of "reservation" and "offer" prices of land and to evaluate the influence of market factors and Possible asymmetries in information and bargaining position on land-price perceptions.
Additional file 2 of Health insurance coverage and access to child and maternal health services in West Africa: a study protocol for a systematic review
Creators: name: Dadjo, Joshua
name: Olumuyiwa Omonaiye
name: Yaya, Sanni
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2:. List of eligible countries.
Report No. 3 on a Concrete Pavement Without Transverse Joints
Creators: name: Drake, William B.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1951
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This is the third report of observations and operations pertaining to a concrete pavement without the usual transverse joints constructed in the summer of 1949. Report No. 2 which was presented to the Research Committee December, 1949, contained a detailed description of the project, pictures of the class of cracking described, a record of the crack filling operation to December, 1949, and three crack survey reports with a strip map of the project.  The purpose of this report is to present three additional crack surveys taken in 1950 with the additional crack filling operations up to this time. All of the ungrooved cracks were cut out and filled with various types of fillers late in the past year, so that this type of treatment has been extended throughout the project.
Altered trunk-pelvis kinematics during load carriage with a compliant versus a rigid system
Creators: name: Lundervold, Anders
name: Ellison, Matthew
name: Madsen, Klavs
name: Werkhausen, Amelie
name: Rice, Hannah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Load carriage is a key component of hiking and military activity. The design of the load carriage system (LCS) could influence performance and injury risk. This study aimed to compare a traditional and a compliant LCS during walking and a step-up task to quantify differences in oxygen consumption and trunk-pelvis kinematics. Fourteen participants completed the tasks whilst carrying 16 kg in a rigid and a compliant LCS. There were no differences in oxygen consumption between conditions during either task (p > 0.05). There was significantly greater trunk-pelvis axial rotation (p = 0.041) and lateral flexion (p = 0.001) range of motion when carrying the compliant LCS during walking, and significantly greater trunk-pelvis lateral flexion range of motion during the step-up task (p = 0.003). Carrying 16 kg in a compliant load carriage system results in greater lateral flexion range of motion than a traditional, rigid system, without influencing oxygen uptake. Carrying 16 kg in a compliant load carriage system during walking and a step-up task allows greater lateral flexion range of motion than a traditional, rigid system without influencing oxygen consumption.
Observation on Seal Coats, Tack Coats, Penetration Macadam, and Blade Spread Hot Mix in 1951
Creators: name: Drake, William B.
name: Field, Harvey J.
name: Collier, S. T.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1951
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: During the 1950 construction season the Research Division observed the construction of several types of seal coats, a few tack coats and a penetration macadam pavement, A report, covering mostly construction practices on these projects, was submitted to the Research Committee at the February meeting in 1951. The report is titled "Observations on Seal Coats, Tack Coats, and Penetration Macadam Construction in 1950," and dated January, 1951.  A follow-up of most of these projects is submitted here, The performance of the seals was greatly influenced by failure of the bases during the very severe winter of 1950-51. Considerable frost action in many sections of the state caused failure in the lighter designed pavements.  Because of the many variations experienced when an analysis is made of different seal materials over different type surfaces with varying subgrade conditions, it was decided to set up a project and vary the materials within the limits of a given road. Such a project, including five prominent types of bituminous seal coat materials, was placed in Washington County during 1951, The quantities were not varied and the seals were placed over a fairly uniform pavement, A report of observations during construction is submitted here.  Also, during 1951 a blade spread hot mix binder course in Nicholas County was observed. This method of application of a leveling course over a surface very irregular in both crown and grade was evaluated not only from the standpoint of improvements in the contour of the finished pavement but, also, from the standpoint of feasibility in construction procedures.
Additional file 3 of Health insurance coverage and access to child and maternal health services in West Africa: a study protocol for a systematic review
Creators: name: Dadjo, Joshua
name: Olumuyiwa Omonaiye
name: Yaya, Sanni
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3:. Draft Search terms.
LAND RIGHTS AND INTRA-HOUSEHOLD EMPLOYMENT AND RESOURCE USE IN THE PERI-URBAN AREA OF BANJUL, THE GAMBIA
Creators: name: Roth, Michael J.
name: Carr, Ben
name: Cochrane, Jeffrey A.
name: Roth, Michael J.
name: Carr, Ben
name: Cochrane, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land tenure--Gambia--Banjul Region
subject: Vendors and purchasers--Gambia--Banjul Region
subject: Household production--Gambia
subject: Research methods
subject: Rural conditions--Gambia
subject: Rural off-farm employment--Gambia
subject: Income and wealth--Gambia
subject: Land markets--Gambia
subject: Tenure types, Traditional--Gambia

description: As part of cooperative research program examining factor markets in peri-urban areas of The Gambia (Banjul and Serekunda) to see if they are constraining agricultural growth and employment, particularly in the horticultural subsector, the household production survey reported in this study assesses inter- and intrahousehold issues of market access and constraints to land-improving investment and productivity. Implemented in 1993, survey is highly disaggregated by plot, gender, enterprise, and type of employment.
Transient and quasi-stationary dissipative effects in the fission flux across the barrier in 1 A GeV 238U on deuterium reactions
Creators: name: Benlliure, J.
name: Casarejos, E.
name: Pereira, J.
name: Schmidt, K. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isotopic cross sections of all projectile residues with Z above 23 produced in collisions induced by 238U at 1 A GeV on deuterium have been measured. The isotopic distributions reflect the role of evaporation and fission in the formation process of these nuclei. The comparison of the measured cross sections with Monte-Carlo de-excitation codes including an analytical description of the dynamics of fission shows the sensitivity of the data to nuclear dissipation. Moreover, the large excitation-energy range covered in this experiment together with the high accuracy of the measured cross sections allowed to clearly separate and quantify the role of transient and quasi-stationary dissipative effects in the fission-decay width.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
The percolation transition of hydration water: from planar hydrophilic surfaces to proteins
Creators: name: Oleinikova, Alla
name: Brovchenko, Ivan
name: Smolin, Nikolai
name: Krukau, Aliaksei
name: Geiger, Alfons
name: Winter, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of a spanning hydrogen-bonded network of hydration water is found to occur via a 2D percolation transition in various systems: smooth hydrophilic surfaces, the surface of a single protein molecule, protein powder and diluted peptide solution. The average number of water-water hydrogen bonds nH at the percolation threshold varies from 2.0 to 2.3, depending on temperature, system size and surface properties. Calculation of nH allows an easy estimation of the percolation threshold of hydration water in various systems, including biomolecules.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Traversable wormholes in the traceless $f(R,T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Sahoo, Parbati
name: Moraes, P. H. R. S.
name: Lapola, Marcelo M.
name: Sahoo, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a traversable wormhole solution using the traceless $f(R,T)$ theory of gravity. In the $f(R,T)$ gravity, the Ricci scalar $R$ in the Einstein-Hilbert action is replaced by a function of $R$ and trace of the energy momentum tensor $T$. The traceless version of the $f(R,T)$ gravity gives rise to a possible wormhole geometry without need for "exotic matter", which violates the principle of causality. Using a physically plausible ansatz for the wormhole's shape function, the traceless field equations lead to compliance with the weak energy condition at very well defined intervals of the coupling constant $λ$ in the $f(R,T)=R+2λT$ form. Our solution leads to other well-behaved energy conditions considering some possible values of the parameter $ω$ in the equation of state $p_r=ωρ$, with $p_r$ being the radial pressure and $ρ$ the density. The energy conditions are obeyed in the ranges $λ< -4π$ and $ω> -1$. Through the calculation of the Volume Integral Quantifier, one sees that this wormholes can be traversable and respect the causality, since the amount of exotic matter in its interior can be arbitrarily small.
description: Revision submitted to IJMPD
COUNTRY PROFILES OF LAND TENURE: AFRICA, 1996
Creators: name: Bruce, John W.
name: Bruce, John W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land tenure--Africa
subject: Land tenure--Law and legislation--Africa
subject: Land tenure--Government policy--Africa
subject: Land administration--Africa
subject: Tenure systems--Africa

description: These Country Profiles represent a new edition of a continent-wide set of profiles prepared and published by the Land Tenure Center in 1986. This new volume reflects a decade of intensive work on the continent by LTC and a very considerable deepening of knowledge and understanding of land tenure issues in Africa. It addresses events of the past ten years, which have been substantial in many of the countries covered. Land tenure continues to be a volatile policy domain. The standard topics from the earlier profiles have been revised to take into account new development concerns. The following are examples of topics covered: national land policy and legal framework, replacement and adaptation of indigenous tenure systems, tenure constraints and opportunities, economic growth and food security strategies, agricultural development, natural resource management and conservation, democratization and governance, gender dimensions, present policy position and reform debates, and implications for policy reform and programming. Three regional syntheses have been prepared, for West Africa, the Greater Horn of Africa, and Southern Africa.
Farantos, Megas, Die Gerechtigkeit bei Klemens von Alexandrien
Creators: name: Bienert, Wolfgang A.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 2 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 2
What are the interactions in quantum glasses?
Creators: name: Schechter, M.
name: Stamp, P. C. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The form of the low-temperature interactions between defects in neutral glasses is reconsidered. We analyse the case where the defects can be modelled either as simple 2-level tunneling systems, or tunneling rotational impurities. The coupling to strain fields is determined up to 2nd order in the displacement field. It is shown that the linear coupling generates not only the usual $1/r^3$ Ising-like interaction between the rotational tunneling defect modes, which cause them to freeze around a temperature $T_G$, but also a random field term. At lower temperatures the inversion symmetric tunneling modes are still active - however the coupling of these to the frozen rotational modes, now via the 2nd-order coupling to phonons, generates another random field term acting on the inversion symmetric modes (as well as shorter-range $1/r^5$ interactions between them). Detailed expressions for all these couplings are given.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. Minor modifications, published version
The Low End of the Supermassive Black Hole Mass Function: Constraining the Mass of a Nuclear Black Hole in NGC 205 via Stellar Kinematics
Creators: name: Valluri, Monica
name: Ferrarese, Laura
name: Merritt, David
name: Joseph, Charles L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images and spectra of the nucleated dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 205 are combined with 3-integral axisymmetric dynamical models to constrain the mass (M_BH) of a putative nuclear black hole. This is only the second attempt, after M33, to use resolved stellar kinematics to search for a nuclear black hole with mass below 10^6 solar masses. We are unable to identify a best-fit value of M_BH in NGC 205; however, the data impose a upper limit of 2.2x10^4 M_sun (1sigma confidence) and and upper limit of 3.8x10^4 M_sun (3sigma confidence). This upper limit is consistent with the extrapolation of the M_BH-sigma relation to the M_BH < 10^6 M_sunregime. If we assume that NGC 205 and M33 both contain nuclear black holes, the upper limits on M_BH in the two galaxies imply a slope of ~5.5 or greater for the M_BH-sigma relation. We use our 3-integral models to evaluate the relaxation time (T_r) and stellar collision time (T_coll) in NGC 205; T_r~10^8 yr or less in the nucleus and T_coll~10^11 yr. The low value of T_r is consistent with core collapse having already occurred, but we are unable to draw conclusions from nuclear morphology about the presence or absence of a massive black hole.
description: Latex emulateapj, 15 pages, 16 figures, Version accepted for Publication in ApJ, 20 July 2005, v628. Minor changes to discussions
Recent advances in invariance principles for stationary sequences
Creators: name: Merlevède, Florence
name: Peligrad, Magda
name: Utev, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G51, 60F05 (Primary)

description: In this paper we survey some recent results on the central limit theorem and its weak invariance principle for stationary sequences. We also describe several maximal inequalities that are the main tool for obtaining the invariance principles, and also they have interest in themselves. The classes of dependent random variables considered will be martingale-like sequences, mixing sequences, linear processes, additive functionals of ergodic Markov chains.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/154957806100000202 in the Probability Surveys (http://www.i-journals.org/ps/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
INSECURITY OF LAND TENURE IN NICARAGUA
Creators: name: Stanfield, J. David
name: Stanfield, J. David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: The objective of this paper is to describe priority actions for reducing the legal insecurity of tenure to land in Nicaragua. To achieve this end, the study explores (1) the meaning and origins of tenure insecurity as well as the implications of tenure insecurity for the development of the country; (2) the extent of different types of tenure insecurity; (3) the options presently being explored for dealing with the problem in Nicaragua; and (4) recommendations for action.
A first comparison of Kinetic Field Theory with Eulerian Standard Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Kozlikin, Elena
name: Lilow, Robert
name: Fabis, Felix
name: Bartelmann, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed comparison of the newly developed particle-based Kinetic Field Theory framework for cosmic large-scale structure formation with the established formalism of Eulerian Standard Perturbation Theory. We highlight the qualitative differences of both approaches by a comparative analysis of the respective equations of motion and implementation of initial conditions. A natural starting point for a first quantitative comparison is given by the non-interacting regime of free-streaming kinematics. Our results suggest that Kinetic Field Theory contains a complete resummation of Standard Perturbation Theory in this regime. We further show that the exact free-streaming solution of Kinetic Field Theory can not be recovered in any finite order of Standard Perturbation Theory. Kinetic Field Theory should therefore provide a better starting point for perturbative treatments of non-linear structure formation.
title: Leadership: Anforderungen der modernen Arbeitswelt an Führungskräfte – gefragte Kompetenzen und neue Herausforderungen
Creators: name: Keck, Christina
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: Leadership: Anforderungen der modernen Arbeitswelt an
Führungskräfte – gefragte Kompetenzen und neue
Herausforderungen
Heavy Superheated Droplet Detectors as a Probe of Spin-independent WIMP Dark Matter Existence
Creators: name: Giuliani, F.
name: Morlat, T.
name: Girard, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At present, application of Superheated Droplet Detectors (SDDs) in WIMP dark matter searches has been limited to the spin-dependent sector, owing to the general use of fluorinated refrigerants which have high spin sensitivity. Given their recent demonstration of a significant constraint capability with relatively small exposures and the relative economy of the technique, we consider the potential impact of heavy versions of such devices on the spin-independent sector. Limits obtainable from a $\mathrm{CF_{3}I}$-loaded SDD are estimated on the basis of the radiopurity levels and backgrounds already achieved by the SIMPLE and PICASSO experiments. With 34 kgd exposure, equivalent to the current CDMS, such a device may already probe to below 10$^{-6}$ pb in the spin-independent cross section.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted Phys. Rev. D
Hardware-efficient variational quantum algorithms for time evolution
Creators: name: Benedetti, Marcello
name: Fiorentini, Mattia
name: Lubasch, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parameterized quantum circuits are a promising technology for achieving a quantum advantage. An important application is the variational simulation of time evolution of quantum systems. To make the most of quantum hardware, variational algorithms need to be as hardware-efficient as possible. Here we present alternatives to the time-dependent variational principle that are hardware-efficient and do not require matrix inversion. In relation to imaginary time evolution, our approach significantly reduces the hardware requirements. With regards to real time evolution, where high precision can be important, we present algorithms of systematically increasing accuracy and hardware requirements. We numerically analyze the performance of our algorithms using quantum Hamiltonians with local interactions.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. As published in Phys. Rev. Research
Risk factors for acute kidney injury after Stanford type A aortic dissection repair surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Zhong, Guodong
name: Lv, Xiaochai
name: Dong, Yi
name: Hou, Yanting
name: Dai, Xiaofu
name: Chen, Liangwan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Marine Biology
Science Policy

description: Background: Risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) after Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) repair are inconsistent in different studies. This meta-analysis systematically analyzed the risk factors so as to early identify the therapeutic targets for preventing AKI. Methods: Studies exploring risk factors for AKI after TAAD repair were searched from four databases from inception to June 2022. The synthesized incidence and risk factors of AKI and its impact on mortality were calculated. Results: Twenty studies comprising 8223 patients were included. The synthesized incidence of postoperative AKI was 50.7%. Risk factors for AKI included cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time >180 min [odds ratio (OR), 4.89, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.06–11.61, I2 = 0%], prolonged operative time (>7 h) (OR, 2.73, 95% CI, 1.95–3.82, I2 = 0), advanced age (per 10 years) (OR, 1.34, 95% CI, 1.21–1.49, I2 = 0], increased packed red blood cells (pRBCs) transfusion perioperatively (OR, 1.09, 95% CI, 1.07–1.11, I2 = 42%), elevated body mass index (per 5 kg/m2) (OR, 1.23, 95% CI, 1.18–1.28, I2 = 42%) and preoperative kidney injury (OR, 3.61, 95% CI, 2.48–5.28, I2 = 45%). All results were meta-analyzed using fixed-effects model finally (p < 0.01). The in-hospital or 30-day mortality was higher in patients with postoperative AKI than in that without AKI [risk ratio (RR), 3.12, 95% CI, 2.54–3.85, p < 0.01]. Conclusions: AKI after TAAD repair increased the in-hospital or 30-day mortality. Reducing CPB time and pRBCs transfusion, especially in elderly or heavier weight patients, or patients with preoperative kidney injury were important to prevent AKI after TAAD repair surgery.
Study of the Pioneer Anomaly: A Problem Set
Creators: name: Turyshev, Slava G.
name: Nieto, Michael Martin
name: Anderson, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analysis of the radio-metric tracking data from the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft at distances between 20--70 astronomical units from the Sun has consistently indicated the presence of an anomalous, small, and constant Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue-shift, uniformly changing at the rate of (5.99 +/- 0.01) x 10^{-9} Hz/s. The signal also can be interpreted as a constant acceleration of each particular spacecraft of (8.74 +/- 1.33) x 10^{-8} cm/s^2 directed toward the Sun. This interpretation has become known as the Pioneer anomaly. We provide a problem set based on the detailed investigation of this anomaly, the nature of which remains unexplained.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables, minor corrections before publication
THE REFORM OF RURAL LAND MARKETS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: RESEARCH, THEORY, AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Creators: name: Shearer, Eric B.
name: Lastarria-Cornhiel, Susana
name: Mesbah, Dina
name: Shearer, Eric B.
name: Lastarria-Cornhiel, Susana
name: Mesbah, Dina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land markets--Latin America
subject: Agrarian structure--Latin America
subject: Land administration--Latin America
subject: Policy evaluation--Latin America
subject: Land use, Rural--Latin America
subject: Land reform--Latin America
subject: Rural poor--Latin America

description: Note: This volume includes "Economic Theory of Land Markets and Its Implications for the Land Access of the Rural Poor," by Michael R. Carter and Dina Mesbah, (June 1990) This paper summarizes recent research on rural land markets in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region and on the relationship between this research and broader land tenure issues. The purpose of the project that prompted this paper was to carry out cross-country and longitudinal research on land tenure issues in the LAC region so as to provide an instructive and informative analysis of how tenure patterns affect economic, rural development, and environmental issues. The project's principal research areas were: (1) tenure security through improved titling and land registration systems, (2) the potential for farmland markets to increase access to land, and (3) second-generation problems of existing agrarian reforms. This paper summarizes the research undertaken by the Land Tenure Center on the second of these research areas. The studies reviewed are exploratory and are designed to investigate how land markets work in order to develop projects and policies that will make the markets more open and efficient and more accessible to land-poor and landless farmers. The paper is in six parts. Following a general introduction and discussion of the broad schematic framework which guided the fieldwork, section 2 discusses the constraints to small farmer participation in rural land markets. Section 3 examines the country study research carried out under the project, while section 4 begins the process of putting these studies into the theoretical framework needed for future research and programs. Section 5 discusses potential land market interventions, and section 6 presents the conclusions derived from the paper. The annex is an essay titled "Economic Theory of Land Markets and Its Implications for the Land Access of the Rural Poor," by Michael R. Carter and Dina Mesbah.
Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Roadside Sign Surfacing Materials
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
name: Peed, Allie C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1951
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This paper discusses the physical and optical characteristics of sign materials and also the design and application of a Reflectometer as devised and used by the Kentucky Department of Highways in the testing of these materials, Accelerated weathering procedures and specification standards are described.  Field studies paralleling the laboratory work and a possible correlation between the two are described. The field work consists of several thousand individual observations covering thirty different sign surface types under actual conditions on a night-visibility driving-course. Most of the major types of surfaces now available are represented. This information is presented in the form of average effective viewing-distances for each type sign material.  In addition to ordinary sealed beam headlamps, the field observations were also made using polarized headlamps and viewers as proposed by the Polaroid Corporation in its headlighting system. Some additional aspects of the Polaroid system are discussed.
Security of Tenure and Land Registration in Africa: Literature Review and Synthesis
Creators: name: Dickerman, Carol W.
name: Barnes, Grenville
name: Bruce, John W.
name: Green, Joy K.
name: Myers, Gregory W.
name: Polishuk, Richard
name: Stienbarger, Douglas
name: Sund, Andrew
name: Dickerman, Carol W.
name: Barnes, Grenville
name: Bruce, John W.
name: Green, Joy K.
name: Myers, Gregory W.
name: Polishuk, Richard
name: Stienbarger, Douglas
name: Sund, Andrew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: In 1984, the Land Tenure Center embarked on a project to evaluate the experiences with land registration and tenure reform in Africa. The goal was to determine is African states been able to use tenure reform and land registration to provide greater security of tenure than was available through customary tenure systems. Donor agencies focused attention on the creation of individual freehold title, emphasizing the heightened security of holding, marketability, and access to credit under such tenure. National governments, on the other hand, were more concerned to see that land was used productively rather than merely accumulated for purposes of prestige or inheritance or as a hedge against inflation, and for this reason have tended to favor granting more circumscribed rights, such as leaseholds or rights of occupancy. This literature review and synthesis was prepared as part of an effort to increase very substantially our knowledge, especially on a quantitative level, of tenure and development relationships in Africa. The literature review is an attempt to gather in one place data about the diverse efforts at land registration and to describe briefly for each country the various registration programs that have taken place (if any), why they were undertaken, and what subsequent studies of these programs have found. Among other things, it will be seen that the intended benefits, and beneficiaries, of land registration have changed over the century or so since the first systems were put in place. In addition to these variations over time, there are also differences among Anglophone, Francophone, and Lusophone countries, differences that not only influenced the structure of registration systems established during the colonial era, but also continue to inform the kinds of registration systems adopted today.
Additional file 1 of UK prevalence of underlying conditions which increase the risk of severe COVID-19 disease: a point prevalence study using electronic health records
Creators: name: Walker, Jemma L.
name: Grint, Daniel J.
name: Strongman, Helen
name: Eggo, Rosalind M.
name: Peppa, Maria
name: Minassian, Caroline
name: Mansfield, Kathryn E.
name: Rentsch, Christopher T.
name: Douglas, Ian J.
name: Mathur, Rohini
name: Wong, Angel Y. S.
name: Quint, Jennifer K.
name: Andrews, Nick
name: Bernal, Jamie Lopez
name: J. Anthony Scott
name: Ramsay, Mary
name: Smeeth, Liam
name: McDonald, Helen I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Study definitions of underlying health conditions and pregnancy. Supplementary Table 2. Study population characteristics and point prevalence of the COVID-19 at-risk population on 5 March 2014 in the United Kingdom using standalone primary care data, N = 4,730,254. Supplementary Table 3. The at-risk population prevalence on 5 March 2019 stratified by age and sex. Supplementary Table 4. At-risk prevalence estimates on 5 March 2019 with and without individuals who left CPRD between 1st January and 5th March 2019. Supplementary Figure 1. Point prevalence of the at-risk group and contributing underlying health conditions by region on 5 March 2014 compared to 5 March 2019 (2019 does not include any individuals in the North East or East Midlands regions; x-axis scales vary by condition).
undefined-B Flower 1950
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Discosorida

description: Discosorida fam., gen. et sp. indet. B
Fig. 46A–B
Material examined
ESTONIA • 1 spec.; Hiiumaa Island, Paluküla quarry; Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; GIT 426-1100.
Description
The specimen is a fragment of a slightly endogastrically curved body chamber and two chambers of the phragmocone. The outer shell is not preserved. At the base of the body chamber, the conch height is 60 mm. The reconstructed width is 48 mm (CHI = 1.25). The conch cross section is elliptically shaped with narrow dorsal and ventral margins. In lateral view, the prosiphuncular side is concave and the antisiphuncular side convex, resulting in a slightly curved shape and a decreasing conch height. At the adoral-most parts, ca 20–30 mm from the aperture, the margins are slightly more curved, resulting in a slightly ventrally shifted apertural opening. At the aperture, the height is 52 mm. At its base a ca 7 mm wide band with oncomyarian, buttressed muscle scars is present. A hyponomic sinus is preserved on the prosiphuncular side, it is ca 10 mm deep. The body chamber is 53 mm long (RBL = 0.88).
The sutures are straight and slightly deflected adorally at the antisiphuncular side, with shallow saddles at the antisiphuncular side. The two adoral-most sutures are crowded (ca 5 mm apart), the second chamber has a length of ca 8 mm at a conch height of 60 mm (RCL = 0.13). On the adoral-most septum the septal foramen is 9 mm wide and traces of the siphuncular segments indicate a maximum expansion of the siphuncular segments to at least 15 mm (RSH = 0.15, RSS = 1.7, SCR = 1.9).
Remarks
The endogastric condition and the widely expanded siphuncle with weak or absent bullettes indicate that this specimen probably represents an unknown cyrtogomphoceratid species. The specimen differs from species of Strandoceras in having a short, contracted mature body chamber. The size of the specimen and the position and size of the siphuncle suggest that this specimen could be related to Westonoceras estonicum Balashov, 1959, another likely cyrtogomphoceratid species (not related to Westonoceras), which is known only from a single fragmentarily preserved phragmocone from late Katian strata of Tapa, Estonia. More material is needed to test this hypothesis.
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on pages 125-126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376
DISPUTES IN COMMON PROPERTY REGIMES
Creators: name: Rose, Laurel L.
name: Rose, Laurel L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Common property regimes (CPRs) have received considerable attention in the scholarly literature. Consensus seems to exist concerning the importance of effective conflict prevention and management to the success of CPRs generally. This paper is concerned with the impact of disputes upon CPR management. In view of gaps in the literature, this paper addresses in an exploratory manner the following three questions concerned with conflict in CPRs: * What kinds of conflicts arise in association with what kinds of legal arrangements? In answering this question, attention will be paid to types of CPRs, institutional arrangements, and user groups, and so forth. * How are such conflicts processed (that is, managed in the system)? For example, what are the institutions/authorities responsible for dispute resolution, what means do they have at their disposal for dispute management, and what procedures can disputants follow for appeal? * What arrangements (that is, combinations of variables, such as rules, institutions, and settlement procedures, in context) seem to be least likely to give rise to conflict or, otherwise, to be most conducive to satisfactory conflict resolution? In the first section of the paper, definitions of CP and a typology of property forms are presented. In the second section, eight case studies of disputes in CPRs have been selected to represent diverse issues relevant to conflict management. In the third section, conflict management in CPRs is analyzed as a whole and comparisons are drawn from diverse systems. In the fourth and concluding section, the findings about the relationship between CPR legal arrangements and the incidence of conflict are summarized. In Appendix A, three proposed research questionnaires which deal with user groups, institutions, and disputes are presented.
Impurity-Ion pair induced high-temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO
Creators: name: Pemmaraju, C. D.
name: Hanafin, R.
name: Archer, T.
name: Braun, H. B.
name: Sanvito, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic 3d-ions doped into wide-gap oxides show signatures of room temperature ferromagnetism, although their concentration is two orders of magnitude smaller than that in conventional magnets. The prototype of these exceptional materials is Co-doped ZnO, for which an explanation of the room temperature ferromagnetism is still elusive. Here we demonstrate that magnetism originates from Co2+ oxygen-vacancy pairs with a partially filled level close to the ZnO conduction band minimum. The magnetic interaction between these pairs is sufficiently long-ranged to cause percolation at moderate concentrations. However, magnetically correlated clusters large enough to show hysteresis at room temperature already form below the percolation threshold and explain the current experimental findings. Our work demonstrates that the magnetism in ZnO:Co is entirely governed by intrinsic defects and a phase diagram is presented. This suggests a recipe for tailoring the magnetic properties of spintronics materials by controlling their intrinsic defects.
The estimation of protein equivalents of total nitrogen in Chinese CAPD patients: an explanatory study
Creators: name: Su, Chunyan
name: Wang, Tao
name: Wang, Peiyu
name: Lu, Xinhong
name: Tang, Wen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance (PNA) formula, based on the urea nitrogen appearance (UNA), is popularly used by stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients to estimate dietary daily protein intake (DPI). However, we found that the estimated DPI was higher than that directly evaluated from the dietary records of most of our CAPD patients. Therefore, in the present study, we tried to determine possible bias in PNA estimation by UNA with a nitrogen balance study of our CAPD patients. Thirty-one CAPD patients with stable clinical conditions were included. Their 3-day dietary records were reviewed by a dedicated dietitian to calculate their energy, protein, and nitrogen intake (NI). The nitrogen removal (NR) from urine and dialysate was measured by the Kjeldahl technique. Then, we calculated the proportion of urea nitrogen appearance (UNA) in total nitrogen appearance (TNA) and analyzed the possible factors that could affect this proportion. Among these patients, 17 males and 14 females, the mean age was 64.19 ± 12.42, and the dialysate drainage volume was 6700 (2540) ml/day. The percentage of UNA in TNA was 63.22 ± 6.66%. Compared with the other classic nitrogen balance studies in the CAPD population, the protein nitrogen and other nonurea nitrogen losses in this study were all lower. Based on these 31 nitrogen balance studies, we proposed a pair of new equations to estimate PNA by UNA. (1) PNA = 9.3 + 7.73 UNA; (2) PNA = PNPNA + TPL = 6.7 + 7.28 UNA + TPL. Our study suggested that the PNA formula generated from previous European studies overestimated DPI in our CAPD patients.
Pachycoris klugii Burmeister 1835
Creators: name: Guzmán-Vásquez, Héctor M.
name: Martínez-Martínez, Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Scutelleridae
Pachycoris
Pachycoris klugii

description: Pachycoris klugii Burmeister, 1835
Figure 2d
Material examined: 1 specimen labeled: MEXICO, Oaxaca, Ocotlán; Santiago Apóstol. 24-V-2018. Leg. Padilla C, E. (1♀). New locality record.
Associated plants: Jatropha curcas L., Jatropha gossypiifolia L., Cnidoscolus multilobus (Pax) I.M. Johnst (Euphorbiaceae) (Cervantes-Peredo 2002; Rider 2015).
Remarks: This species is considered to be a pest of Jatropha curcas in Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua (Tepole-García 2012; López-Guillén et al. 2016). Little is known about its geographic distribution and hosts. This species is widely distributed in Mexico (Table 1). Cervantes-Peredo (2002) provided records from localities in Oaxaca (Chiltepec, Huajuapan de León, Pluma Hidalgo, Miahuatlán, Portillo del Rayo, Puente Nacional, Oaxaca, Tlacolula, Hierve El Agua, and Tultepec). To these, we add the new locality of Santiago Apóstol.
description: Published as part of Guzmán-Vásquez, Héctor M. & Martínez-Martínez, Laura, 2025, Checklist and bilingual key to the genera of Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Mexico, with new distribution records for the state of Oaxaca, pp. 341-354 in Zootaxa 5594 (2) on page 348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5594.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/14954440
Coulomb blockade in electron transport through a C$_{60}$ molecule from first principles
Creators: name: Palacios, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of spin-unrestricted first-principles quantum transport for a gated C$_{60}$ molecule weakly contacted to Al electrodes, making emphasis on the role played by the electronic localization and the spin degree of freedom. As expected, the conductance presents a series of peaks as a function of a gate voltage, demonstrating that transport in the Coulomb blockade regime can be properly treated within a first-principles scheme. A well-known manifestation of the interplay between Coulomb interaction and the spin degree of freedom in atoms and molecules, the Hund 's rule, determines the sequence of conductance peaks.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B