cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
District General Hospital Surgical Capacity and Mortality Trends in Patients with Acute Abdomen in Malawi
Creators: name: Purcell, L.N.
name: Robinson, B.
name: Gallaher, J.
name: Msosa, V.
name: Charles, A.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: Background: The burden of emergency general surgery conditions is high in sub-Saharan Africa, and poor access to surgical care leads to poor patient outcomes. We examined the trends in mortality in patients presenting with an acute abdomen to a referral hospital. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the prospectively collected Kamuzu Central Hospital Acute Care Surgery database was performed (January 2014 to July 2019). Bivariate analysis was conducted by year of admission. A multivariate Poisson regression was performed to identify predictors of mortality. Results: During the study, 2509 patients with acute abdomen presented. The majority of patients presenting were transferred from outside hospitals (n = 2097, 83.9%). Mortality was highest in patients with preoperative diagnosis of peritonitis (n = 119, 22.2%), bowel obstruction (n = 214, 18.7%), and volvuli (n = 51, 18.6%). There was no difference in mortality by year, p = 0.1. On multivariate Poisson regression, there was an increased relative risk of mortality with being transferred (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12–1.55, p = 0.002), as well as undergoing an operation within 1–2 days (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.16–1.87, p < 0.001) and >2 days (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.17–1.82, p = 0.001) after presentation. Conclusion: The majority of patients in our study who presented with an acute abdomen were transferred from district hospitals, which resulted in high mortality due to delays in surgical care. Therefore, the WHO’s recommendation that the majority of district hospitals perform the Bellwether procedures does not occur in district hospitals in central Malawi. District hospitals require significant resource investment to reduce transfers needs and patient mortality.
JAMESfocus : Hassrede im Internet
Creators: name: Külling, Céline
name: Waller, Gregor
name: Suter, Lilian
name: Bernath, Jael
name: Willemse, Isabel
name: Süss, Daniel
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2021
Subjects: JAMES Studie
Hassrede
Hate Speech
Online-Kommunikation
Digitale Medien
302.23: Medien
305: Personengruppen (Alter, Herkunft, Geschlecht, Einkommen)

description: Der JAMESfocus-Bericht widmet sich dem Phänomen «Hate Speech / Hassrede» im Internet. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, wie häufig Jugendliche auf unterschiedliche Arten von Hassrede treffen. Auch Einstellungen und Motive in Bezug auf Hasskommentare werden beleuchtet. Ebenso werden Unterschiede hinsichtlich Geschlecht, Alter, Bildung oder Migrationshintergrund herausgearbeitet.
Microscopic Origin of the Hofmeister Effect in Gelation Kinetics of Colloidal Silica
Creators: name: van der Linden, Marte
name: Conchúir, Breanndán O.
name: Spigone, Elisabetta
name: Niranjan, Arun
name: Zaccone, Alessio
name: Cicuta, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gelation kinetics of silica nanoparticles is a central process in physical chemistry, yet it is not fully understood. Gelation times are measured to increase by over 4 orders of magnitude, simply changing the monovalent salt species from CsCl to LiCl. This striking effect has no microscopic explanation within current paradigms. The trend is consistent with the Hofmeister series, pointing to short-ranged solvation effects not included in the standard colloidal (DLVO) interaction potential. By implementing a simple form for short-range repulsion within a model that relates the gelation timescale to the colloidal interaction forces, we are able to explain the many orders of magnitude difference in the gelation times at fixed salt concentration. The model allows us to estimate the magnitude of the non-DLVO hydration forces, which dominate the interparticle interactions on the length scale of the hydrated ion diameter. This opens the possibility of finely tuning the gelation time scale of nanoparticles by just adjusting the background electrolyte species
(101657) Agnes Reeves
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Lepto-hadronic processes and high-energy neutrinos in NGC 1275
Creators: name: Fraija, N.
name: Marinelli, A.
name: Luviano-Valenzuela, U.
name: Galván-Gaméz, A.
name: Peterson-Bórquez, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearby active galaxy NGC 1275, has widely been detected from radio to gamma rays. Its spectral energy distribution (SED) shows a double-peak feature, which is well explained by synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. However, recent TeV detections might suggest that very-high-energy $γ$-rays (E$\geq$100 GeV) may not have a leptonic origin. We test a lepto-hadronic model to describe the whole SED through SSC emission and neutral pion decay resulting from p$γ$ interactions. Also, we estimate the neutrino events expected in a Km$^3$ Cherenkov telescope.
description: 2 pages. To appear in the Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 313: "Extragalactic jets from every angle," Galapagos, Ecuador, 15-19 September 2014, F. Massaro, C. C. Cheung, E. Lopez, and A. Siemiginowska (Eds.), Cambridge University Press. Extragalactic jets from every angle, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, IAU Symposium, Volume 313, pp. 175-176
title: Magnetization Transfer MR Imaging
Creators: name: Abubacker Sulaiman, Farook
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review the basic concepts and principles of Magnetization transfer imaging. To describe and depict the role of Magnetization Transfer Imaging in various neurological disorders. This paper presents an overview of the clinical and scientific...
Additional file 2 of Correlation of the prognostic value of FNDC4 in glioblastoma with macrophage polarization
Creators: name: Li, Hongwu
name: Yan, Xiaofei
name: Ou, Shaowu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Apoptosis experiments. Flow cytometric diagram of apoptosis in (a, b) U87 cells and (c, d) U251 cells (EV and FNDC4-overexpression groups).
26Al kinematics: superbubbles following the spiral arms? Constraints from the statistics of star clusters and HI supershells
Creators: name: Krause, Martin G. H.
name: Diehl, Roland
name: Bagetakos, Yiannis
name: Brinks, Elias
name: Burkert, Andreas
name: Gerhard, Ortwin
name: Greiner, Jochen
name: Kretschmer, Karsten
name: Siegert, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High energy resolution spectroscopy of the 1.8 MeV radioactive decay line of 26Al with the SPI instrument on board the INTEGRAL satellite has recently revealed that diffuse 26Al has large velocities in comparison to other components of the interstellar medium in the Milky Way. 26Al shows Galactic rotation in the same sense as the stars and other gas tracers, but reaches excess velocities up to 300 km/s. We investigate if this result can be understood in the context of superbubbles, taking into account the statistics of young star clusters and H I supershells, as well as the association of young star clusters with spiral arms. We derive energy output and 26Al mass of star clusters as a function of the cluster mass via population synthesis from stellar evolutionary tracks of massive stars. [...] We link this to the size distribution of HI supershells and assess the properties of likely 26Al-carrying superbubbles. 26Al is produced by star clusters of all masses above about 200 solar masses, roughly equally contributed over a logarithmic star cluster mass scale, and strongly linked to the injection of feedback energy. The observed superbubble size distribution cannot be related to the star cluster mass function in a straight forward manner. In order to avoid that the added volume of all superbubbles exceeds the volume of the Milky Way, individual superbubbles have to merge frequently. If any two superbubbles merge, or if 26Al is injected off-centre in a bigger HI supershell we expect the hot 26Al-carrying gas to obtain velocities of the order of the typical sound speed in superbubbles, about 300 km/s before decay. [...]
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for A&A
(101658) Joseph Reeves
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Digitale Erschöpfung & Self-Leadership
Creators: name: Gubser, Ingrid
name: Humbel, Delia
name: Mühlemann, Philippe
name: Pfirter, Fabienne
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2021
Subjects: Digitaler Stress
Burnout
Self-Leadership
Prävention
158: Angewandte Psychologie
658.4: Leitendes Management

description: Der vorliegende Bericht stellt die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung mit gemischtem Design über digitale Erschöpfung/digitaler Stress und Burnout im Zusammenhang mit Self-Leadership bei den ZHAW-Mitarbeitenden vor. Dazu wurden Daten aus sechs qualitativen Interviews sowie einer quantitativen onlinebasierten Umfrage (N = 132) ausgewertet. Für die Interviews wurde ein semistrukturierter Interviewleitfaden basierend auf der Methode von Helfferich (2011) entwickelt und die Auswertung wurde nach Mayring (2010) gestaltet. Quantitativ wurden deskriptive Untersuchungen sowie mehrere Regressionsanalysen durchgeführt. Es konnten Zusammenhänge zwischen der Self-Leadership-Skala «natürliche Belohnungsstrategie» und der Burnoutskala «eigene Leistungseinschätzung» sowie zwischen digitalem Stress und der Burnoutskala «berufliche Erschöpfung» festgestellt werden. Die Self-Leadership-Skala «natürliche Belohnungsstrategie» kann als möglicher Prädiktor für die Burnoutskala «eigene Leistungseinschätzung» angenommen werden, während der digitale Stress die Burnoutskala «berufliche Erschöpfung» vorhersagt. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen werden abschliessend Handlungsempfehlungen dargelegt. Insbesondere das Training von Self-Leadership zeigt Potential einer wirksamen Stress- und Burnoutpräventionsmassnahme.
Epidemiological Comparisons and Risk Factors for Pre-hospital and In-Hospital Mortality Following Traumatic Injury in Malawi
Creators: name: Gallaher, J.
name: Purcell, L.N.
name: Charles, A.
name: Reiss, R.
name: Mulima, G.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, trauma is a leading cause of mortality in people less than 45 years. Injury mechanism and cause of death are difficult to characterize in the absence of pre-hospital care and a trauma surveillance database. Pre-hospital deaths (PHD) and in-hospital deaths (IHD) of trauma patient were compared to elucidate comprehensive injury characteristics associated with mortality. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive analysis of adults (≥ 13 years) presenting to Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi, from February 2008 to May 2018 was performed. Utilizing an emergency department-based trauma surveillance database, univariate and bivariate analysis was performed to compare patient and injury characteristics of pre-hospital and in-hospital deaths. A Poisson multivariate regression was performed, predicting the relative risk of PHD. Results: Between February 2008 and May 2018, 131,020 adult trauma patients presented to KCH, with 2007 fatalities. Of those patients, 1130 (56.3%) and 877 (43.7%) were PHD and IHD, respectively. The majority were men, with a mean age of 33.4 years (SD 12.1) for PHD and 37.4 years (SD 15.5) for IHD, (p < 0.001). Head injuries (n = 545, 49.2% vs. n = 435, 49.7%) due to assaults (n = 255, 24.7% vs. n = 178, 21.8%) and motor vehicle collisions (MVC) (n = 188, 18.2% vs. n = 173, 21.2%) were the leading cause of both groups (PHD vs. IHD). Transportation to the hospital was primarily police (n = 663, 60.1%) for PHD and ambulance (n = 401, 46.4%) for IHD. Patients who were transported to KCH by the police (RR 1.97, 95% 1.52–2.55, p < 0.001) when compared to transport via minibus had an increased relative risk of PHD. Patients with a head or spine (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.34–1.53, p < 0.001), chest (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11–1.62, p = 0.002) or abdomen and pelvis (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14–1.53, p = 0.004) when compared to extremity injury had an increased relative risk of PHD. Conclusions: Head injury from assaults and MVC is the leading cause of PHD and IHD in Malawi. The majority of patients are transported via police if PHD. Of IHD patients, the majority are transported by ambulance, most often from outside hospitals. Both are consistent with the absence of a pre-hospital system in Malawi. Improving pre-hospital care, with a particular focus on head injury and strategies for vehicular injury prevention within a trauma system, will reduce adult trauma mortality in Malawi.
Emerging activity in bilayered dispersions with wake-mediated interactions
Creators: name: Bartnick, Jörg
name: Kaiser, Andreas
name: Löwen, Hartmut
name: Ivlev, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a bilayered system of particles with wake-mediated interactions, the action-reaction symmetry for the effective forces between particles of different layers is broken. Under quite general conditions we show that, if the interaction nonreciprocity exceeds a certain threshold, this creates an active dispersion of self-propelled clusters of Brownian particles. The emerging activity promotes unusual melting scenarios and an enormous diffusivity in the dense fluid. Our results are obtained by computer simulation and analytical theory, and can be verified in experiments with colloidal dispersions and complex plasmas.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Relative Entropy Convergence for Depolarizing Channels
Creators: name: Müller-Hermes, Alexander
name: Franca, Daniel Stilck
name: Wolf, Michael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the convergence of states under continuous-time depolarizing channels with full rank fixed points in terms of the relative entropy. The optimal exponent of an upper bound on the relative entropy in this case is given by the log-Sobolev-1 constant. Our main result is the computation of this constant. As an application we use the log-Sobolev-1 constant of the depolarizing channels to improve the concavity inequality of the von-Neumann entropy. This result is compared to similar bounds obtained recently by Kim et al. and we show a version of Pinsker's inequality, which is optimal and tight if we fix the second argument of the relative entropy. Finally, we consider the log-Sobolev-1 constant of tensor-powers of the completely depolarizing channel and use a quantum version of Shearer's inequality to prove a uniform lower bound.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
title: Rare pediatric renal masses: A pictorial review
Creators: name: Grando, Mariana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of our educational exhibit is to: Review some rare kidney diseases in children; To show the main radiological findings, especially in computed tomography, facilitating the diagnosis of these unusual pathologies; Contribute to the...
Authors’ Reply: Characteristics of Intestinal Volvulus and Risk of Mortality in Malawi
Creators: name: Reiss, R.
name: Charles, A.
name: Purcell, L.N.
name: Maine, R.
name: Gallaher, J.
name: Mabedi, C.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: We thank Dr. Atamanalp for his interest in our publication and for sharing his experience and intestinal volvulus series from Turkey. We present a six-year sub-Saharan African volvulus experience. Our observed incidence is high, and our numbers were only limited by the duration of data collection.
Towards gauge theories in four dimensions
Creators: name: Hernandez-Pinto, Roger J.
name: Sborlini, German F. R.
name: Rodrigo, German
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundance of infrared singularities in gauge theories due to unresolved emission of massless particles (soft and collinear) represents the main difficulty in perturbative calculations. They are typically regularized in dimensional regularization, and their subtraction is usually achieved independently for virtual and real corrections. In this paper, we introduce a new method based on the loop-tree duality (LTD) theorem to accomplish the summation over degenerate infrared states directly at the integrand level such that the cancellation of the infrared divergences is achieved simultaneously, and apply it to reference examples as a proof of concept. Ultraviolet divergences, which are the consequence of the point-like nature of the theory, are also reinterpreted physically in this framework. The proposed method opens the intriguing possibility of carrying out purely four-dimensional implementations of higher-order perturbative calculations at next-to-leading order (NLO) and beyond free of soft and final-state collinear subtractions.
description: Final version to appear in JHEP
Additional file 3 of Correlation of the prognostic value of FNDC4 in glioblastoma with macrophage polarization
Creators: name: Li, Hongwu
name: Yan, Xiaofei
name: Ou, Shaowu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Cell cycle experiments. Flow cytometric diagram of cell cycle progression in (a, b) U87 and (c, d) U251 cells (EV and FNDC4-overexpression groups).
title: Scimitar syndrome: the imaging spectrum
Creators: name: Mallat, Najoua
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Congenital

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: - To emphasize the role of Multi-detector CT angiocardiography in delineating the spectrum of findings in patients with Scimitar syndrome. - To illustrate the varieties of the Scimitar...
(101659) George Reeves
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Threshold phenomena for symmetric-decreasing radial solutions of reaction-diffusion equations
Creators: name: Muratov, C. B.
name: Zhong, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the long time behavior of positive solutions of the Cauchy problem for nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations in $\mathbb{R}^N$ with bistable, ignition or monostable nonlinearities that exhibit threshold behavior. For $L^2$ initial data that are radial and non-increasing as a function of the distance to the origin, we characterize the ignition behavior in terms of the long time behavior of the energy associated with the solution. We then use this characterization to establish existence of a sharp threshold for monotone families of initial data in the considered class under various assumptions on the nonlinearities and spatial dimension. We also prove that for more general initial data that are sufficiently localized the solutions that exhibit ignition behavior propagate in all directions with the asymptotic speed equal to that of the unique one-dimensional variational traveling wave.
Secondary Overtriage of Trauma Patients to a Central Hospital in Malawi
Creators: name: Gallaher, J.R.
name: Purcell, L.
name: Maine, R.G.
name: Kajombo, C.
name: Charles, A.G.
name: Reid, T.D.
name: Kincaid, J.
name: Mulima, G.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: Introduction: Secondary overtriage (OT) is the unnecessary transfer of injured patients between facilities. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which shoulder the greatest burden of trauma globally, the impact of wasted resources on an overburdened system is high. This study determined the rate and associated characteristics of OT at a Malawian central hospital. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from January 2012 through July 2017 was performed at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi. Patients were considered OT if they were discharged alive within 48 h without undergoing a procedure, and were not severely injured or in shock on arrival. Factors evaluated for association with OT included patient demographics, injury characteristics, and transferring facility information. Results: Of 80,915 KCH trauma patients, 15,422 (19.1%) transferred from another facility. Of these, 8703 (56.2%) were OT. OT patients were younger (median 15, IQR: 6–31 versus median 26, IQR: 11–38, p < 0.001). Patients with primary extremity injury (5308, 59.9%) were overtriaged more than those with head injury (1991, 51.8%) or torso trauma (1349, 50.8%), p < 0.001. The OT rate was lower at night (18.9% v 28.7%, p < 0.001) and similar on weekends (20.4% v 21.8%, p = 0.03). OT was highest for penetrating wounds, bites, and falls; burns were the lowest. In multivariable modeling, risk of OT was greatest for burns and soft tissue injuries. Conclusions: The majority of trauma patients who transfer to KCH are overtriaged. Implementation of transfer criteria, trauma protocols, and interhospital communication can mitigate the strain of OT in resource-limited settings.
title: Royal College of Radiologists (RCR): National survey of compliance with guidelines for the prevention and detection of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI)
Creators: name: Cope, Lance
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Contrast agents
subject: Kidney
subject: CT
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Safety
subject: Toxicity

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The Renal Association, the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) and the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society (1) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2) published UK guidance in 2013 with the aim of providing safer...
Access to Operative Intervention Reduces Mortality in Adult Burn Patients in a Resource-Limited Setting in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Charles, A.
name: Banda, W.
name: Robinson, B.
name: Gallaher, J.R.
name: Purcell, L.N.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: Introduction: Early excision and grafting remains the standard of care after burn injury. However, in a resource-limited setting, operative capacity often limits patient access to surgical intervention. This study sought to describe access to excision and grafting for adult burn patients in a sub-Saharan African burn unit and its relationship with burn-associated mortality. Methods: We analyzed patients recorded in the Kamuzu Central Hospital Burn Registry in Lilongwe, Malawi from 2011–2019. We examined patient characteristics, interventions, and outcomes for adults aged ≥16 years. Modified Poisson regression modeling was used to identify risk factors for mortality. Results: Five hundred and seventy-three patients were included. Median age was 30 years (IQR 23–40) with a male preponderance (63%). Median percent total body surface area burned (%TBSA) was 15% (IQR 8–26) and 68% of burns were caused by flame. 27% (n = 154) had burn excision with skin grafting, with a median time to operation of 18 days (IQR 9–38). When adjusted for age, %TBSA, and time to presentation, operative intervention conferred a survival benefit for patients with flame burns with a RR 0.16 (95% CI 0.06, 0.42). Conclusions: In a resource-limiting setting, access to the operating room is inadequate, and burn patients are not prioritized. While many scald burn patients may be managed with wound care alone, patients with flame burn require surgical intervention to improve clinical outcomes. Burn injury in this region continues to confer a high risk of mortality, and more investment in operative capacity is imperative.
Action Physics
Creators: name: McGinness, Lachlan P.
name: Savage, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: More than a decade ago Edwin Taylor issued a "call to action" that presented the case for basing introductory university mechanics teaching around the principle of stationary action. We report on our response to that call in the form of an investigation of the teaching and learning of the stationary action formulation of physics in a first-year university course. Our action physics instruction proceeded from the many-paths approach to quantum physics through to ray optics, classical mechanics, and relativity. Despite the challenges presented by action physics, students reported it to be accessible, interesting, motivational and valuable.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. Substantially revised version accepted by the American Journal of Physics. Details of the Action Concept Inventory are now in a separate paper
JAMESfocus : Mediennutzung und Schlafqualität
Creators: name: Willemse, Isabel
name: Suter, Lilian
name: Waller, Gregor
name: Huber, Anna-Lena
name: Süss, Daniel
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2015
Subjects: Schlafqualität
Mediennutzung
Medienpsychologie
Schlaf
James-Studie
James-focus
302: Soziale Interaktion
305: Personengruppen (Alter, Herkunft, Geschlecht, Einkommen)

description: Forschungsschwerpunkt Medienpsychologie, 2015
(101655) Elizabeth Reeves
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: MR Spectroscopy and Metabolic Imaging in Brain lesions.
Creators: name: Anith Alfred, J
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Cancer
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR-Spectroscopy
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To highlight the benefits of MRS in CNS lesions. To correlates metabolite levels measured by preoperative MR spectroscopic (MRS) imaging with histologic findings of biopsies To find the sensitivity and specificity of MRS in classifying brain...
Criteria for Sample Selection to Maximize Planet Sensitivity and Yield from Space-Based Microlens Parallax Surveys
Creators: name: Yee, Jennifer C.
name: Gould, Andrew
name: Beichman, Charles
name: Novati, Sebastiano Calchi
name: Carey, Sean
name: Gaudi, B. Scott
name: Henderson, Calen
name: Nataf, David
name: Penny, Matthew
name: Shvartzvald, Yossi
name: Zhu, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space-based microlens parallax measurements are a powerful tool for understanding planet populations, especially their distribution throughout the Galaxy. However, if space-based observations of the microlensing events must be specifically targeted, it is crucial that microlensing events enter the parallax sample without reference to the known presence or absence of planets. Hence, it is vital to define objective criteria for selecting events where possible and to carefully consider and minimize the selection biases where not possible so that the final sample represents a controlled experiment. We present objective criteria for initiating observations and determining their cadence for a subset of events, and we define procedures for isolating subjective decision making from information about detected planets for the remainder of events. We also define procedures to resolve conflicts between subjective and objective selections. These procedures maximize planet sensitivity of the sample as a whole by allowing for planet detections even if they occur before satellite observations for objectively-selected events and by helping to trigger fruitful follow-up observations for subjectively-chosen events. This paper represents our public commitment to these procedures, which is a necessary component of enforcing objectivity on the experimental protocol.
description: 46 pages; 3 figures; submitted to ApJ. Criterion (A2) for objective selection has been made more restrictive
title: Imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis, pearls and pitfalls
Creators: name: Bonatti, Matteo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: MR
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Vascular
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Blood

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To show imaging findings of cerebral venous thrombosis and to highlight possible pitfalls in this sometimes difficult...
Passive, free-space laser gyroscope
Creators: name: Korth, W. Zach
name: Heptonstall, Alastair
name: Hall, Evan D.
name: Arai, Koji
name: Gustafson, Eric K.
name: Adhikari, Rana X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser gyroscopes making use of the Sagnac effect have been used as highly accurate rotation sensors for many years. First used in aerospace and defense applications, these devices have more recently been used for precision seismology and in other research settings. In particular, mid-sized (~1 m-scale) laser gyros have been under development as tilt sensors to augment the adaptive active seismic isolation systems in terrestrial interferometric gravitational wave detectors. The most prevalent design is the "active" gyroscope, in which the optical ring cavity used to measure the Sagnac degeneracy breaking is itself a laser resonator. In this article, we describe another topology: a "passive" gyroscope, in which the sensing cavity is not itself a laser but is instead tracked using external laser beams. While subject to its own limitations, this design is free from the deleterious lock-in effects observed in active systems, and has the advantage that it can be constructed using commercially available components. We demonstrate that our device achieves comparable sensitivity to those of similarly sized active laser gyroscopes.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
title: Are current UK guidelines for the prevention of contrast induced acute kidney injury CI-AKI being followed and what is the risk of CI-AKI in modern CT practice? - results of a national audit
Creators: name: Cope, Lance
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Kidney
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Safety
subject: Drugs / Reactions
subject: Toxicity
subject: Quality assurance

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: 1 Assess compliance with current UK guidance on CI-AKI published in 2013 by the Royal College of Radiologists (1) and the National Institute for Health Care and Excellence (NICE) (2). 2 Determine the incidence of clinically significant CI-AKI in...
How the vortex lattice of a superconductor becomes disordered: a study by scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Creators: name: Zehetmayer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Order-disorder transitions take place in many physical systems, but observing them in detail in real materials is difficult. In two- or quasi-two-dimensional systems, the transition has been studied by computer simulations and experimentally in electron sheets, dusty plasmas, colloidal and other systems. Here I show the different stages of defect formation in the vortex lattice of a superconductor while it undergoes an order-disorder transition by presenting real-space images of the lattice from scanning tunneling spectroscopy. When the system evolves from the ordered to the disordered state, the predominant kind of defect changes from dislocation pairs to single dislocations, and finally to defect clusters forming grain boundaries. Correlation functions indicate a hexatic-like state preceding the disordered state. The transition in the microscopic vortex distribution is mirrored by the well-known spectacular second peak effect observed in the macroscopic current density of the superconductor.
title: T1 mapping - value in HCM, DCM and acute myocarditis patients
Creators: name: Goncalves, Fernando
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Radiographers
subject: Cardiac
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Segmentation
subject: Hyperplasia / Hypertrophy
subject: Dilatation
subject: Inflammation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To compare and assess the discriminative power of native T1 values of the myocardium in healthy volunteers vs. patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) and acute...
title: Key points of US/CEUS/MR imaging of the different sub-types of hepatocellular adenomas: how to get closer to pathology.
Creators: name: Gregory, Jules
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Observer performance
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To recognize the features of the different subtypes of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) in ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and MRI. 2. To understand the correlation between imaging findings and clinico-pathologic features. 3. To know...
(101656) James Reeves
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additional file 4 of Correlation of the prognostic value of FNDC4 in glioblastoma with macrophage polarization
Creators: name: Li, Hongwu
name: Yan, Xiaofei
name: Ou, Shaowu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4. PI3K/Akt signaling validation.
UNPACKING PEACEBUILDING � ASSESSING POLITICAL LEGITIMACY AMIDST INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION IN HAITI IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: DOS SANTOS PARRA, MARIANA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: The thesis examines the legitimacy of the United Nations stabilisation mission present in Haiti from 2004 to 2017 to the local population, and how this configuration affected the outcomes achieved by the operation, as well as its long-term impact on the social and political conditions prevalent in the country. A comparative analysis with the cases of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Afghanistan, East Timor and Somaliland is performed in order to contrast the findings of the case study, and to enable more generalizable conclusions concerning the question of political legitimacy in postcolonial and developing countries affected by violent conflict, political instability and international interventions. Beyond the empirical analysis, the thesis aims to bring a theoretical contribution, presenting critical points for theory refinement concerning political legitimacy, especially in the contexts concerned here. The thesis argues that the peace-as-statebuilding paradigm of international interveners have contributed for the (re)production of predatory political economies, violent contestation and further social and political fragmentation in Haiti, Democratic Republic of Congo and Afghanistan, and reflects on how the international humanitarian apparatus can support societies affected so endogenous political processes can develop for the achievement of stability and democratisation.
title: Продвижение дизайн-продукта в социальных сетях
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Южно-Уральский технологический университет
Year: 2022

description: Настоящее пособие отражает современное состояние курса «Продвижение спецпроекта». Рассматриваются вопросы продвижения дизайн-продукта в социальных сетях, даны основные понятия социального медиа-маркетинга или маркетинга социальных сетей (SMM), раскрыта суть моделей личного бренда. Это дает возможность глубокого изучения основ SMM коммуникации, которые применяются в маркетинговой коммуникации и маркетинговых исследованиях, понять каким нишам подходит продвижение в Instagram, определить поведенческую особенность целевой аудитории. Компетентностный подход в области продвижения дизайн-продукта эффективно раскрывается при изучении основных преимуществ продвижения с помощью социальных сетей, точного определения портрета целевой аудитории, визуальной структуры аккаунта, вариантов структуры ленты, трендов оформления профилей Instagram, моделей написания текстов, пути привлечения аудитории, основ таргетированной рекламы.
AN ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROFLUIDIC BIOSENSOR PLATFORM FABRICATED BY ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND SUPERSONIC CLUSTER BEAM DEPOSITION
Creators: name: GEBREYES, WONDIMU ALEMU
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2019

description: Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional printing have attracted much attention for fabrication of microfluidic platforms used to construct electrochemical microfluidic biosensors because of high process speed, low production costs and the possibility of manufacturing directly from virtual data. Because of poor adhesion between metal electrodes fabricated using conventional techniques and FFF printed thermoplastic substrates, electrodes are usually integrated into the devices either modularly or using adhesive layers placed at the bottom of fluidic channels. These have hindered the exploitation of FFF for scale-up manufacturing of monolithically integrated microfluidic biosensors. In this work, supersonic cluster beam deposition (SCBD) was employed to fabricate strongly anchored nanostructured electrodes integrated into FFF printed microfluidics platforms. SCBD enables the formation of well-adhering metallic thin film electrodes by implanting supersonically accelerated neutral metal clusters into polymeric substrates. The SCBD also enables deposition over large areas using noble metals and metal oxides with precisely controlled geometry and surface topography. A novel integrated manufacturing approach was developed and optimized to couple SCBD fabricated electrodes with consumer-grade FFF printed microfluidics, employing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene as the base material, to develop a three electrodes configuration electrochemical sensor on-a-chip. Electrochemical investigation performed using stagnant ferro/ferricyanide probe showed that the integrated device possesses high sensitivity and functionality as an electrochemical sensor. In addition, in-channel laminar flow electrochemical detection conducted using the same probe showed robust stability in the system response for online dynamic detection. The integrated platform could be employed for various customized clinical, industrial, and environmental sensing applications.
ADAPTATION TO THE DNA DAMAGE CHECKPOINT REQUIRES THE REWIRING OF THE CELL CYCLE MACHINERY
Creators: name: DONDI, AMBRA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2019

description: The DNA damage checkpoint is a surveillance mechanism evolved to preserve genome integrity in response to DNA damaging agents. The DNA damage checkpoint senses DNA insults and halts the cell cycle providing time and conditions to repair the lesion(s). If the damage is successfully repaired, cells reenter in the cell cycle in a process known as recovery to the DNA damage checkpoint. If the damage is not repaired, cells either undergo programmed cell death or override the checkpoint reentering the cell cycle in the presence of the lesion. This process, known as adaptation to the DNA damage checkpoint, represents an opportunity for cells to repair the damage in the following cell cycle. However, adaptation to the DNA damage checkpoint can be an unsafe event as daughter cells can accumulate genomic aberrations, therefore promoting genomic instability, and, indeed checkpoint adaptation has been described to occur also in cancer cells. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive checkpoint adaptation is a fundamental question to be addressed. The molecular mechanism causing adaptation, as well as the players involved in this process, remains largely unknown. In budding yeast S. cerevisiae, the existence of a crosstalk between the cell cycle machinery and the DNA damage checkpoint have been suggested by two observations. First, the DNA damage checkpoint acts to halt cell cycle progression by directly inhibiting the pathways that control the exit from mitosis, namely the Cdc fourteen early anaphase release (FEAR) network and the mitotic exit network (MEN). Second, the activity of the FEAR network is required for checkpoint adaptation. Indeed, impairing the functions of single components of the FEAR network, namely Cdc5, Spo12 and Slk19, results in cells impaired in the adaptation process. While the molecular events for the DNA damage checkpoint activation have been intensely studied and 17 relatively well characterized, the molecular events that drive cell cycle resumption after checkpoint adaptation are less well understood. In the work presented in this thesis, we used and integrated different approaches, including genetics, single cell analyses, and fluorescence microscopy techniques to tackle this question. Our findings indicate that the FEAR mutants (with the exception of Cdc5) are proficient in switching off the checkpoint but cannot exit mitosis, and suggest a more complex picture. As impairing the activity of single FEAR components does not affect exit from mitosis both in unperturbed conditions, and following checkpoint recovery, our studies unveil checkpoint adaptation as the rewiring of a cell cycle with peculiar features. From our investigations, we expect to elucidate the molecular circuitry underlying the rewiring of the cell cycle in persistent DNA damage conditions.
(101652) Emma Reeves
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.