cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Parallel Performance Engineering
Creators: name: Williams, William R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Software
High-Performance Computing
Optimization
Performance Modeling
Tutorial

description: Parallel Performance Engineering This segment of the tutorial presents techniques for performance engineering of effective scientific applications based on MPI, OpenMP, accelerators, and hybrid combinations of all of these parallel paradigms. Principal topics include performance modeling, proper selection of measurement data and techniques, and analysis of measurement results.
title: Statistical Techniques to Model and Optimize Performance of Scientific, Numerically Intensive Workloads
Creators: name: Steven Monteiro, Steena Dominica
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: Projecting performance of applications and hardware is important to several market segments—hardware designers, software developers, supercomputing centers, and end users. Hardware designers estimate performance of current applications on future systems when designing new hardware. Software developers make performance estimates to evaluate performance of their code on different architectures and input datasets. Supercomputing centers try to optimize the process of matching computing resources to computing needs. End users requesting time on supercomputers must provide estimates of their application’s run time, and incorrect estimates can lead to wasted supercomputing resources and time. However, application performance is challenging to predict because it is affected by several factors in application code, specifications of system hardware, choice of compilers, compiler flags, and libraries.
This dissertation uses statistical techniques to model and optimize performance of scientific applications across different computer processors. The first study in this research offers statistical models that predict performance of an application across different input datasets prior to application execution. These models guide end users to select parameters that produce optimal application performance during execution. The second study offers a suite of statistical models that predict performance of a new application on a new processor. Both studies present statistical techniques that can be generalized to analyze, optimize, and predict performance of diverse computation- and data-intensive applications on different hardware.
Additional file 1 of Resveratrol and its derivative pterostilbene ameliorate intestine injury in intrauterine growth-retarded weanling piglets by modulating redox status and gut microbiota
Creators: name: Chen, Yanan
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Chen, Yueping
name: Jia, Peilu
name: Ji, Shuli
name: Zhang, Yuying
name: Wang, Tian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet.
Henry David Thoreau's De-genera Description
Creators: name: Nocera, Gigliola
Publisher: name: RSAJournal
Year: 1995

description: This essay focuses on the relationship between "description" and "narration" in the works of Henry David Thoreau. Through his intertextual universe - that of such Natural History writers as Charles Darwin, Gilbert White or John Muir - Thoreau adopts in his writing a model that is, on a reduced scale, the same model of operation as the universe. According to this model, "description" equals diegesis while "narration" equals Roland Barthes' "fluctuating sequence of stasis".
description: RSAJournal, Vol. 6 (1995): Untitled
Pew Research Center: American Trends Panel Wave 53
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: President Donald Trump job approval (1); life for future American generations (1); importance of qualities for communities to live in (5); approval of partisan leaders in Congress (2); fundamental design and structure of American government (1); Republican and Democratic voters agree on basic facts (1); difference in what major political parties stand for (1); divisions between Republican and Democrats (2); 2020 presidential candidates (1); matters who wins 2020 presidential election (1); Trump campaign changed Republican party (2); Democratic presidential nomination (3); Trump focus on compromise or what Republicans want (1); problems in country today (11); favorability/feelings towards political groups and individuals (7); members of other major political party share my values (2); likelihood of voting for Trump vs. Democratic candidate (1); feeling if Trump was re-elected (1); value/policy statements (24); equal rights for black and white people (1); follow what's going on in government and public affairs (1); United States more successful because of principles or ability to change (1); United States best country (1); Republican/Democratic party makes you feel (8); Trump impeachment (3); racial demographic change in United States good or bad (1); top leaders understand people like you (1); feelings towards members of political parties (2); same-sex marriage (1); power of major corporations (1); politics necessary to bend rules (1); white people benefit from advantages Black people don't (1); global warming (1); union membership (1); describe Republicans/Democrats (22); discrimination against different groups (9); government assistance (1); military superpowers (1); abortion (1); death penalty (1); time in prison for violent crimes (1); federal tax (4); does Islamic religion encourage violence (1); health insurance (3); marijuana legalization (2); immigration policy goals (4); gun laws (5); Republican/Democrat describes you well (2); Democratic presidential primary (2).
John Barth's “Once Upon a Time”
Creators: name: Bartocci, Clara
Publisher: name: RSAJournal
Year: 1995

description: John Barth's innovative aesthetics is based mainly on the premise that literary conventions are likely to be transcended or subverted "to generate new and lively work". Little wonder, then, that writing the story of his life he has chosen to disguise it in the form of a novel. Once Upon a Time (and no title could better indicate this intention), structured as it is on a double voyage through space and time, blatantly interweaves fact and fiction in the conviction that the meaning of one's life, like that of history in general, can better be attained only if reality is interspersed with imagination. Given the affinities between Barth's poetics and postmodern modalities of consciousness, this essay comes to the conclusion that Once Upon a Time, more than a fiction, is in fact a perfect example of what can be defined as a typical "postmodern autobiography".
description: RSAJournal, Vol. 6 (1995): Untitled
Rotational and rotationless states of weakly-bound molecules
Creators: name: Lemeshko, Mikhail
name: Friedrich, Bretislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By making use of the quantization rule of Raab and Friedrich [P. Raab and H. Friedrich, Phys. Rev. A 78, 022707 (2008)], we derive simple and accurate formulae for the number of rotational states supported by a weakly-bound vibrational level of a diatomic molecule and the rotational constants of any such levels up to the threshold, and provide a criterion for determining whether a given weakly-bound vibrational level is rotationless. The results depend solely on the long-range part of the molecular potential and are applicable to halo molecules.
description: slightly corrected version, 4 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables
The dark side of galaxy stellar populations I: The stellar-to-halo mass relation and the velocity dispersion - halo mass relation
Creators: name: Scholz-Diaz, Laura
name: Martin-Navarro, Ignacio
name: Falcon-Barroso, Jesus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growth and properties of galaxies are thought to be closely connected to the ones of their host dark matter halos. Despite the importance of this so-called galaxy-halo connection, the potential role of dark matter halos in regulating observed galaxy properties remains yet to be fully understood. In this work, we derive the ages, metallicites and [Mg/Fe] abundances from optical spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey of nearby central galaxies, and study them in terms of their host halos. We investigate how the scatter in the stellar-to-halo mass relation and the velocity dispersion - halo mass relation correlates with these stellar population parameters. In addition, we also study the differences when distinguishing between different galaxy morphologies and environments. We find that the ages and chemical enrichment of galaxies are not fully determined by their stellar masses or velocity dispersion, but also depend on the mass of the host halos. Our findings suggest that the velocity dispersion is the best proxy of the stellar population parameters with halo mass playing a secondary yet noticeable role. We interpret that the origin of the correlation between the scatter of these relations and the ages and metallicities might be related to different halo formation times.
description: 22 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar Measurements of the Mesosphere and Thermosphere and their Connections to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
Creators: name: Sox, Leda
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2016

description: The Earth’s middle atmosphere is comprised of the stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere, from approximately 10 to 110 km, or approximately 6 to 68 miles. An understanding of the dynamics and climatological conditions in this region is of vital importance to the aerospace industry and military, which both launch aircraft and spacecraft into this region, as well as researchers who study climate change and the interactions between the atmosphere and the Earth, oceans, and space.
Measurements of atmospheric properties (density, temperature, and pressure) in this region are relatively difficult to gather as the middle atmosphere’s altitudes are both too high for weather balloons to reach and too low for satellite. That is why most instruments that acquire data from the middle atmosphere are of the remote sensing variety. Rayleigh-scatter lidar (light detection and ranging) is a remote sensing technique that is particularly effective at acquiring long-term measurements of the middle atmosphere.
This work focuses on the design and implementation, over one annual cycle, of a unique Rayleigh lidar, which pushes the upper altitude boundary that is typical of such systems. In addition, a study of the connection between Sudden Stratospheric Warmings and the midlatitude mesosphere using a long-term Rayleigh lidar dataset is presented.
From “Light in August” to “Luce d'agosto”
Creators: name: Materassi, Mario
Publisher: name: RSAJournal
Year: 1995

description: Luce d'agosto, Elio Vittorini's translation of Light in August, published in 1939 and still the only translation available to date, has had a profound and long lasting influence on the reception of Faulkner's work in Italy. This paper focuses on the highly questionable quality of that translation, analyzing in particular some of the many changes, excisions, and additions that Vittorini forced upon the original text, all of which helped to create a considerably distorted image of Faulkner's art among the Italian public. Ultimately, the paper discusses the cultural context within which Vittorini operated, and the reasons - both literary and political - that may have prompted his heavy-handed editorial stance.
description: RSAJournal, Vol. 6 (1995): Untitled
Analytic models of heterogenous magnetic fields for liquid metal flow simulations
Creators: name: Votyakov, E. V.
name: Kassinos, S. C.
name: Albets-Chico, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A physically consistent approach is considered for defining an external magnetic field as needed in computational fluid dynamics problems involving magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The approach results in simple analytical formulae that can be used in numerical studies where an inhomogeneous magnetic field influences a liquid metal flow. The resulting magnetic field is divergence and curl-free, and contains two components and parameters to vary. As an illustration, the following examples are considered: peakwise, stepwise, shelfwise inhomogeneous magnetic fields, and the field induced by a solenoid. Finally, the impact of the streamwise magnetic field component is shown qualitatively to be significant for rapidly changing fields.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted to TCFD;
Impact of Design Cost Percentage on Cost Growth, Schedule Growth, and Construction Intensity of Road Construction Projects
Creators: name: Prajapati, Elina
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2019

description:  The performance of construction projects is measured in terms of cost and schedule variation. Studies have identified that such variations are mainly due to design changes, which are more frequent on projects executed through the design-bid-build (DBB) delivery method. Thus, the design factor is identified as one of the major parameters affecting the performance of DBB projects. Despite the majority of road projects being constructed following the DBB method, the impact of design cost on the performance of road projects has not been sufficiently studied yet. Therefore, this study focuses on determining the effect of design cost on the performance of road construction projects in the United States, using three project performance metrics: cost growth, schedule growth, and construction intensity. This study intends to investigate the impact of the design cost percentage (DCP), out of total project cost, on the overall performance of DBB road construction projects. For this purpose, this study analyzed the data of 405 DBB road construction projects executed by the Texas Department of Transportation. This study conducted statistical analyses to determine the impact of the DCP on project performance metrics, separately for three cases: (a) all projects; (b) projects grouped based on partnering approach; and (c) projects grouped based on total project cost. In addition, for comparison purposes, the projects were also grouped on the basis of the cost and schedule performances into better performing and worse performing projects. Thus, inferential statistical analyses were conducted to compare the impact of design cost between the projects performing better and worse in terms of the three project performance metrics. The statistical test results demonstrated that the DCP significantly influences the cost performance of DBB road projects in all three cases of tests performed. However, the DCP was not found to significantly affect the schedule growth or construction intensity of DBB projects. Therefore, the outcome of this study is expected to assist state departments of transportations in taking preventive measures during the design phases of projects, by focusing on design details and more investment in design to minimize cost growth in DBB road construction projects.
MUSE sneaks a peek at extreme ram-pressure stripping events -- V. Towards a complete view of the galaxy cluster A1367
Creators: name: Pedrini, Alex
name: Fossati, Matteo
name: Gavazzi, Giuseppe
name: Fumagalli, Michele
name: Boselli, Alessandro
name: Consolandi, Guido
name: Sun, Ming
name: Yagi, Masafumi
name: Yoshida, Michitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the kinematics and ionization conditions in a sample composed of seven star-forming galaxies undergoing ram-pressure stripping in the A1367 cluster, and the galaxy ESO137-001 in the Norma cluster. MUSE observations of two new galaxies in this sample, CGCG097-073 and CGCG097-079, are also presented. This sample is characterized by homogeneous integral field spectroscopy with MUSE and by a consistent selection based on the presence of ionised gas tails. The ratio [OI]/H$α$ is consistently elevated in the tails of these objects compared to what observed in unperturbed galaxy disks, an ubiquitous feature which we attribute to shocks or turbulent phenomena in the stripped gas. Compact star-forming regions are observed in only $\approx$ 50% of the tails, implying that specific (currently unknown) conditions are needed to trigger star formation inside the stripped gas. Focusing on the interface regions between the interstellar and intracluster medium, we observe different line ratios that we associate to different stages of the stripping process, with galaxies at an early stage of perturbation showing more prominent signatures of elevated star formation. Our analysis thus demonstrates the power of a well selected and homogeneous sample to infer general properties arising from ram-pressure stripping inside local clusters.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The morphology and dynamics of the lower Lambert Glacier and Amery Ice Shelf system
Creators: name: Krebs, KA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The Lambert Glacier and Amery Ice Shelf system is one of the major east Antarctic drainage basins and is the subject of long term and on-going investigation as part of the Australian Antarctic program. In the region of the grounding zone between the glacier stream and the floating ice shelf, snow which accumulated over tens of thousands of square kilometres of the interior ice sheet is funnelled through a relatively narrow area. The way in which the ice in this region flows is influenced by subglacial topography, ice thickness, internal ice flow properties and the nature of the source area of the ice. The primary aim of this study is to use all available data to describe the morphology and dynamic regime of the lower Lambert Glacier and Amery Ice Shelf, and to provide the best estimate of the present mass balance and spatial distribution of the grounding zone. The available data include radio echo soundings of ice thickness, surface elevation data, ice velocity and surface mass balance measurements from Australian field projects in 1968-1970 and in 1988-1990, satellite imagery, derived products from satellite altimetry and Russian geophysical surveys. The main region being studied is located between 70¬¨‚àû to 72¬¨‚àûS and 68¬¨‚àû to 72¬¨‚àûE. Within this area, five transecting profiles have identified the Lambert Glacier ice stream from both eastern and western plateau ice that also flows into the Lambert graben before entering Prydz Bay via the Amery Ice Shelf. Two of these profiles are situated north of T4 at 71 ¬¨‚àû 13'S 69¬¨‚àû28'E (Budd etal., 1992), the remaining three are south of T4. The Lambert Glacier ice stream broadens from an average width of 34km to 421cm in the area between the profiles south of T4 and the profiles north of T4. Two longitudinal profiles incorporating the eastern and western edges of the drainage system have added to the conclusion that previously determined grounding zone parameters for the Lambert Glacier need to be redefined. The grounding zone is estimated to cover a distance of 220km from an area near T4 (71¬¨‚àû39'S) to the Lambert Glacier hinge line near 73¬¨‚àû19'S. Total mass flux through the lower Lambert Glacier averages 9.6Gt in the grounding zone and increases marginally to 9.8Gt on the Amery Ice Shelf proper. These figures are comparable with the earlier calculations of Budd et al. (1982).
Carbon Management and Volatile Fatty Acid Production in Primary Clarifiers at a Wastewater Treatment Plant
Creators: name: Radke, Brittany Nicole
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2019

description:  An increasing number of treatment plants are required to remove nutrients from domestic wastewater to lessen the impact of nutrient loading to water bodies. Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) is one of the processes commonly used to remove phosphorus from domestic wastewater. The presence of an adequate quantity of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the wastewater influent to EBPR is important for process efficiency and stability. The objective of this research was to investigate the production of VFAs through fermentation of sludge in primary clarifiers as it related to improving nutrient removal, primarily targeting phosphorus.
 The research tested, in full-scale, the production of VFAs at different solids retention times measured by the depth of sludge blanket in primary clarifiers. Three ranges of sludge blanket depths (< 0.9 m, 0.9 m  1.5 m, and > 1.5 m) were used to investigate the production of VFAs. Results showed that larger sludge blanket depths led to higher concentrations and greater productions of VFAs. The speciation of VFAs was also measured. As the sludge blanket depth increased from < 0.9 m to > 1.5 m, acetic acid and butanoic acid concentrations and productions increased, while propionic acid concentrations and productions had an inverse relationship with sludge blanket depth.
 Overall, the results confirmed that operating primary clarifiers at higher sludge blanket depths can increase the VFA concentration. In addition, the results indicated that higher sludge blankets may reduce the propionic acid fraction of the total VFA matrix. These results as applied to the wastewater treatment plant where this study occurred, demonstrated that larger sludge blanket depths would not provide sufficient benefits to justify the operation at a higher sludge blanket depth due to the marginal increase in VFA/TP ratio and significant reduction in primary clarifier performance.
Considerations regarding the duality rotation.
Creators: name: Levman, Garry
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Maxwel l's equations for the vacuum are invariant under the duality rotation; however, the significance of this invariance is not well understood. The purpose of this thesis is to consider the duality rotation in greater detail than has been done previously. The duality invariance of Maxwell's equations is discussed, and it is shown that the only duality invariants bilinear in the electric and magnetic fields are arbitrary linear combinations of the components of the stress-energy-momentum tensor. It is also shown that the most general linear field transformation which leaves Maxwell's vacuum equations invariant is the duality rotation. The usual Lagrangian density for the electromagnetic field does not exhibit duality invariance. It is shown, however, that if one takes the components of the electromagnetic field tensor as field variables, then the most general Lorentz invariant Lagrangian density bilinear in the electomagnetic fields and their first derivatives is determined uniquely by the requirement of duality invariance. The ensuing field equations are identical with the iterated Maxwell equations. It is further shown that in neutrino theory the Pauli transformation of the second kind corresponds to the duality rotation.
Examination of Maskelynite through Static Recompression and Dynamic Compression
Creators: name: Reppart, Justin James
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2019

description:  This is an experimental study that aims to clarify the possible formation mechanisms of maskelynite. Maskelynite is a diaplectic glass, that forms during shock compression of feldspar far below the melting point, and without fusion. Maskelynite also paramorphises precursor feldspar grains. Maskelynite is an important probe of shock-pressures at terrestrial impact sites and in many meteorites. Two mechanisms of formation of maskelynite are examined here: 1) maskelynite is result of a pressure-induced amorphization of feldspar compressed beyond its mechanical stability where the formation of thermodynamically stable phases is kinetically inhibited [1, 2]. 2) Feldspar transforms upon dynamic compression into a high-pressure polymorph. Upon release from the peak shock pressure, this crystalline polymorph transforms back either into a dense glass or a highly disordered solid that appears amorphous in common probes (optical microscope, optical spectroscopy, diffraction). The latter scenario avails for diaplectic silica that formed in shock-experiments on quartz. Upon static compression of synthetic diaplectic silica at 300 K the material resumes the crystalline structure of stishovite [3], a high-pressure polymorph of silica which has also been observed in situ during shock compression of fused quartz [4]. Hence, the second scenario implies a memory effect of the high-pressure crystalline structure in the diaplectic glass. In the present study, we test this hypothesis for maskelynite by a) X-ray diffraction of maskelynite similar to the study of diaplectic silica in [3], b) synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of synthetic maskelynite at ambient pressure, both with the goal of identifying possible crystalline states. If no crystalline state is observed, the second proposed mechanism of maskelynite formation is not supported and the first mechanism appears more likely.
 In the static compression experiment I find indications of a change in middle-range order of maskelynite but no transition to long-range crystalline order upon compression to 19 GPa. In the shock-recovered maskelynite I observe crystalline material, even in material recovered from 38.5 GPa. The crystalline material is disseminated in an amorphous matrix and has feldspar-like structure rather than a structure related to a high-pressure polymorph of feldspar. Hence this crystalline material is remnant crystalline feldspar rather than a phase that formed upon shock-compression.
The Timing of Dynamical Interactions between Planets in Exoplanetary Systems
Creators: name: Rice, David Robert
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2019

description:  During the late stage of planet formation, a system is often dynamically packed with protoplanets. These bodies collide together and are ejected from the system to form the final planets. The duration of stability before these dynamical interactions occur is dependent on the initial separation of the bodies in a system. Previous works have shown that the time before a planet-planet close encounter is exponential with the initial planet spacing measured in units of mutual Hill radius. We investigate the limitations of these previous studies. We find that systems that are initially similar can have larger differences in stability times than in the limited cases of equal-mass and coplanar planets. First, we perform N-body integrations on a large number of systems with non-equal masses and equal Hill spacing. We find that the stability time relationship is heteroscedastic and best described by an increasing standard deviation with planet spacing. Second, we investigate the time until a planet-planet collision in systems with non-coplanar planets. We find that when systems with non-zero mutual inclinations experience a close encounter a significant potion do not promptly experience a planet-planet collision. Systems with significant inclinations can continue to evolve without a collision or ejection for over 1,000 times longer than the encounter time. Both of these studies and their findings influence the duration of late-stage planet formation and the stability of observed closely-packed exoplanetary systems.
Novel Approaches to Studying SLC13A5 Disease
Creators: name: Beltran, Adriana S
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: The role of the sodium citrate transporter (NaCT) SLC13A5 is multifaceted and context-dependent. While aberrant dysfunction leads to neonatal epilepsy, its therapeutic inhibition protects against metabolic disease. Notably, insights regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are limited due to the intricacy and complexity of the latent human physiology, which is poorly captured by existing animal models. This review explores innovative technologies aimed at bridging such a knowledge gap. First, I provide an overview of SLC13A5 variants in the context of human disease and the specific cell types where the expression of the transporter has been observed. Next, I discuss current technologies for generating patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their inherent advantages and limitations, followed by a summary of the methods for differentiating iPSCs into neurons, hepatocytes, and organoids. Finally, I explore the relevance of these cellular models as platforms for delving into the intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying SLC13A5-related disorders.
Additional file 1 of Comparing the performance of time series models with or without meteorological factors in predicting incident pulmonary tuberculosis in eastern China
Creators: name: Li, Zhong-Qi
name: Pan, Hong-Qiu
name: Liu, Qiao
name: Song, Huan
name: Wang, Jian-Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Description of monthly meteorological factors in the three cities between 2005 and 2017. Table S2. Alternative ARIMA models for the three cities. Table S3. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the monthly number of PTB cases and meteorological factors in the three cities. Table S4. The detailed composition of the nine RNN models. Figure S1. ACF and PACF plots. Figure S2. Time series plots of the six meteorological factors in the three cities between 2005 and 2017. Figure S3. Epoch-error plots of the optimal RNN models of the three cities after three training cycles. File S1. R code.
Magnetic Charge Transport
Creators: name: Bramwell, S. T.
name: Giblin, S. R.
name: Calder, S.
name: Aldus, R.
name: Prabhakaran, D.
name: Fennell, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been predicted that certain magnetic materials contain mobile magnetic charges or `monopoles'. Here we address the question of whether these magnetic charges and their associated currents (`magnetricity') can be directly measured in experiment, without recourse to any material-specific theory. By mapping the problem onto Onsager's theory of weak electrolytes, we show that this is possible, and devise an appropriate method. Then, using muon spin rotation as a convenient local probe, we apply the method to a real material: the spin ice Dy2Ti2O7. Our experimental measurements prove that magnetic charges exist in this material, interact via a Coulomb interaction, and have measurable currents. We further characterise deviations from Ohm's Law, and determine the elementary unit of magnetic charge to be 5 muB per Angstrom, which is equal to that predicted by Castelnovo, Moessner and Sondhi using the microscopic theory of spin ice. Our demonstration of magnetic charge transport has both conceptual and technological implications.
description: 19 pages 5 figures
On the condensation of a Van der Waals gas
Creators: name: Strickfaden, William Ben
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A classical gas whose particles interact through a weak long range attraction and short range repulsion is studied. We study the properties of a non-linear integral equation, previously derived by N.G. Van Kampen, whose solutions give the possible equilibrium density distributions. It is shown that above a critical temperature the solution of the equation is unique, while below the critical temperature multiple solutions exist. The existence of a two phase solution which must satisfy the Maxwell rule is proven by solving the equation exactly for a physically reasonable potential for the long range attraction and a very general form for the short range repulsion. Stability and necessity conditions for the solutions to be extrema of the free energy are given and applied to the various solutions of the integral equation. It is shown that in the limit of large volume the critical point manifests itself as a so-called bifurcation point (point where the number of solutions changes) of the integral equation. Surface tension of simple liquids is calculated from the integral equation and compared to experiment. Agreement is excellent considering the small amount of input data needed and the approximations used. The non-equilibrium properties of the system in the coexistence region are studied by solving a set of hydrodynamic equations numerically. It is shown that the metastable states, at least in the supercooled portion of the isotherm are indeed unstable with respect to large scale pertubations. Growth and decay rates for small droplets of condensing and evaporating liquid are given.
title: Optimum Enzyme Treatment for Liberation and Assay of Pantothenic Acid in Blood
Creators: name: Pearson, Jan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1980

description: A great deal of variability has been evident in reported pantothenic acid blood values. The purpose of .the study was to establish optimum enzyme treatment for liberation and assay of pantothenic acid in blood and sera.
There were eight major findings . First, it was found that there was an active pantetheinase in sera, negating the need for hog kidney peptidase or pigeon liver enzyme in whole blood. The second finding (related to the first) indicated that there was significant autolysis of the peptidase bond between the pantothenic acid and cysteamine moie- ties of coenzyme A in whole blood. The third finding was that Clarase (a monoesterase) liberated equivalent amounts of pantothenic acid in fresh whole blood when compared to alkaline phosphatase, but less in frozen blood. The optimum time for enzymatic liberation of pantothenic acid from whole blood was determined in the fourth. When using alkaline phosphatase alone, or alkaline phosphatase plus a pantetheinase, maximum liberation of pantothenic acid occurred at 4 to 5 hours. The fifth find-ing was that in sera, acid or base hydrolysis and boiling increased pantothenic acid liberation by approximately lQO nanograms over and above that liberated by enzyme treatment with alkaline phosphatase and hog kidney peptidase. In whole blood, both boiling and acid hydrolysis increased pantothenic acid liberation by approximately 100 nanograms; however, base hydrolysis did not yield a similar increase in pantothenic acid. In the sixth, it was found that substantial autolysis of bound forms of pantothenic acid (to liberate free pantothenic acid) occurred in fresh and frozen whole blood at 37°C and 23°C . The autolysis did not occur in sera or in boiled blood. The results from the seventh finding indicated that blood frozen for 15 months showed less bound (released by alkaline phosphatase plus hog kidney peptidase) pantothenic acid and a greater amount of free pantothenic acid than did fresh blood. The eighth was actually a series of findings in which it was established that a protease digestion of whole blood with trypsin, chymotrypsin , papain , or pepsin increased pantothenic acid liberation from whole blood. Of the four proteases used, trypsin was found to be optimal for pantothenic acid liberation. The pantothenic acid liberated by a pro-tease digestion was released as free pantothenic acid, and was from a different source than that liberated by alkaline phosphatase plus hog kidney peptidase . When assaying trypsin digested whole blood with both the radioimmuno and microbiological assay, the r2 between assays was 0.901 . The source of the pantothenic acid which was liberated by the trypsin digestions is unknown .
Coulomb interaction and transient charging of excited states in open nanosystems
Creators: name: Moldoveanu, Valeriu
name: Manolescu, Andrei
name: Tang, Chi-Shung
name: Gudmundsson, Vidar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain and analyze the effect of electron-electron Coulomb interaction on the time dependent current flowing through a mesoscopic system connected to biased semi-infinite leads. We assume the contact is gradually switched on in time and we calculate the time dependent reduced density operator of the sample using the generalized master equation. The many-electron states (MES) of the isolated sample are derived with the exact diagonalization method. The chemical potentials of the two leads create a bias window which determines which MES are relevant to the charging and discharging of the sample and to the currents, during the transient or steady states. We discuss the contribution of the MES with fixed number of electrons N and we find that in the transient regime there are excited states more active than the ground state even for N=1. This is a dynamical signature of the Coulomb blockade phenomenon. We discuss numerical results for three sample models: short 1D chain, 2D lattice, and 2D parabolic quantum wire.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
title: Effect of Atmospheric Oxidation on Bioavailability of Meat Iron and Liver Weights in Rats
Creators: name: Cardon, Kathleen M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1981

description: Iron bioavailability of diets containing oxidized turkey and oxidized beef meat was investigated in two experiments. In both vi studies male, weanling rats were made anemic by consumption of a low iron diet and bleeding. The experimental diets were prepared so that meat was the only source of iron. Hemoglobin regeneration served as the basis for measuring iron utilization. In experiment 1, lyophilized, uncooked turkey meat was allowed to oxidize at 20-22°C for 0, 48, 96, 144, 216, or 264 hours and then fed to the rats. The length of oxidation time of the turkey meat did not significantly affect the growth of the rats or the bioavailability of the meat iron. In experiment 2, lyophilized, uncooked beef was allowed to oxidize at 20-22°C for 14 days. Anemic rats were fed diets composed of basal, basal + iron, basal + iron + formaldehyde, 100% fresh beef, 75% fresh 25% oxidized beef, 50% fresh-50% oxidized beef, 25% fresh-75% oxidized, 100% oxidized beef and 100% fresh beef + formaldehyde. Rats fed severely oxidized beef diets had decreased body weight, enlarged livers and depressed hematinic responses. Formaldehyde did not significantly affect iron utilization in rats fed basal diets, but depressed liver iron storage in rats fed fresh beef. A third experiment to further compare the chemical properties of uncooked, lyophilized hand deboned and mechanically deboned beef and turkey meat was performed. Analysis by the Thiobarbituric Acid Method, Formaldehyde Value, and Iodine Number indicated increased sophistication of testing methods for lyophilized meats needs to be developed. Although the Thiobarbituric Acid Method was successfully used in Experiment 1, unreliable results were obtained using this method in Experiment 3. It is assumed that this variability in results is due to using the Thiobarbituric Acid Method with a dry system. The problems encountered with the Formaldehyde Value included contamination of the water supply with aldehydes and unreliable reagent. The Iodine Number was unreliable used on meat samples. Possibly the fat could be extracted from the meat under cool nitrogen to prevent further oxidation of the fat. Then the iodine number could be determined on the extracted fat.
An Evaluation of Factors Associated with the Perceptions of Diabetes in a Filipino American Sample Residing in Clark County, Nevada
Creators: name: Sagadraca, Lawrence Nartatez
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2019

description:  This study assessed beliefs about the contribution of the Filipino diet and genetics to diabetes burden and its ability to control it without medical interventions. The data from a needs assessment survey of 200 Filipino Americans residing in Clark County, Nevada, were analyzed by using the logistic regression model. A significant proportion of the participants believed that diabetes is a problem in the Filipino community (79%) and is related to the Filipino diet (75%) and genetics (69.0%), and that it can be controlled without medical intervention (52.4%). In univariate analyses, age (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 - 1.05), being married (OR: 6.56, 95%CI: 2.46 - 17.49), income less than $20,000 (OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09 0.60), and smoking (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.12-0.87) were associated with the belief that diabetes is a problem in the Filipino American community. Likewise, educational attainment at high school or below (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.57), income below $20,000 (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08 0.54), and smoking (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09-0.67) were associated with lower odds of believing that diabetes is related to the Filipino diet. Male (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.22-0.94), high school (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.77), and college graduates (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14-0.90), and smokers (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08-0.58) were less likely to believe that diabetes is related to the Filipino genetics. Males were also less likely to believe that diabetes could be controlled without medical intervention (OR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.22-0.88). However, the multivariate models, for any of the outcomes, were found to be statistically non-significant. It may be due to the small sample size of the study. From a public health perspective, it is important to understand the communitys beliefs about diabetes and to identify their misconceptions and gaps in knowledge. Targeted interventions addressing the misconceptions can be developed and implemented in the Filipino American community.
title: An Investigation of the Rework Defect in Process Cheese
Creators: name: Baca, Patricia Ramirez
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1981

description: The effect of time that processed cheese was held ex- posed to heat alone or with agitation, the level of rework cheese, and the type and level of emulsifying salt were evaluated by determining finess of emulsion based on scanning electron microscopy measurements, meltability, and rheological measurements using a Universal Testing Machine.
Process cheese held in the cooker at 82°C for up to 4o minutes became less meltable and more firm and the emulsion became finer while that held at 82°C outside of the cooker without agitation was only slightly affected. Loss of meltability and increased firmness associated with pro-longed cooking of process cheese is associated with the state of the fat emulsion and not with the effect of heat on the proteins per se.
The level of rework cheese had a great influence on
the cheese rheological properties as well as on the microstructure of process cheese. There was a poor emulsion when no emulsifying salt was used regardless of the percent rework cheese added. The emulsion became finer as the per- cent rework cheese was increased if emulsifying salt was also present except after 20% rework cheese addition where the emulsion became coarse again. Process cheese lost meltability during storage at 4°C after 53 days when 1.0 or 0.0% emulsifying salt is used or when rework cheese is present at 0.0 or 5%, but no effect was noticed in meltability values if the 2.5% emulsifying salt was used with no rework cheese.
The first X-ray spectrum of the HMXB XTE J1855-026 during the compact object eclipse
Creators: name: Sanjurjo-Ferrín, Graciela
name: Torrejón, José Miguel
name: Rodes-Roca, José Joaquín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first {\it XMM-Newton} observation of the classical supergiant high-mass X-ray binary XTE J1855$-$026 taken entirely during the eclipse of the neutron star (NS), covering the orbital phases $ϕ= 0.00-0.11$. The analysis of the data allows us to a) compare with the parameters obtained during the existing pre eclipse observation and b) explore the back illuminated stellar wind of the B0I type donor. The black body component, used to describe the soft excess during pre eclipse, is not observed during eclipse. It must be then produced near the NS or along the donor-NS line. The $0.3-10$ keV luminosity during eclipse ($\sim 10^{34}$ erg s$^{-1}$) is 70 times lower than pre eclipse. The intensity of the Fe K$α$ line, in the average eclipse spectrum, is $\sim 7.4$ times lower than the one measured during pre eclipse. Since K$α$ photons can not be resonantly scattered in the wind, the vast majority of Fe K$α$ emission must come from distances within $1R_{*}$ from the NS. The eclipse spectrum is successfully modelled through the addition of two photoionized plasmas, one with low ionization ($\logξ_{\rm 1,cold}=0.36$) and high emission measure ($EM_{\rm 1,cold}\approx 3\times 10^{59}$ cm$^{-3}$) and another with high ionization ($\logξ_{\rm 2,hot}=3.7$) and low emission measure ($EM_{\rm hot}\approx 2\times 10^{56}$ cm$^{-3}$). Assuming that the cold and hot gas phases are the clumps and the interclump medium of the stellar wind, respectively, and a clump volume filling factor of $\approx [0.04-0.05]$, typical for massive stars, a density contrast between clumps and the interclump medium of $n_{\rm c}/n_{\rm i}\approx 180$ is deduced, in agreement with theoretical expectations and optical-UV observations of massive star winds.
Le “Sacred Waters” di Leslie Marmon Silko
Creators: name: Coltelli, Laura
Publisher: name: RSAJournal
Year: 1993

description: In Sacred Water, Leslie Marmon Silko's collection of 41 short pieces and 39 black and white photographs, water is the thread guiding the author through a ritual and a celebration. The water stories form a collective story. They bond with the innumerable narrations of Indian land which speak of the landscape as a direct manifestation of time's cyclical continuity and cohesion.
description: RSAJournal, Vol. 4 (1993): Untitled