cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Dark Matter Axions
Creators: name: Sikivie, P.
name: Yang, Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that cold dark matter axions thermalize and form a Bose-Einstein condensate. We obtain the axion state in a homogeneous and isotropic universe, and derive the equations governing small axion perturbations. Because they form a BEC, axions differ from ordinary cold dark matter in the non-linear regime of structure formation and upon entering the horizon. Axion BEC provides a mechanism for the production of net overall rotation in dark matter halos, and for the alignment of cosmic microwave anisotropy multipoles.
description: 4 pages. Three typos are corrected. Version to be published by Physical Review Letters
Coupled climate model simulations of Mediterranean winter cyclones and large-scale ﬂow patterns
Creators: name: Ziv, B.
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: Naik, Naomi H.
name: Harpaz, T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Climatic changes
Atmosphere

description: The study aims to evaluate the ability of global, coupled climate models to reproduce the synoptic regime of the Mediterranean Basin. The output of simulations of the 9 models included in the IPCC CMIP3 effort is compared to the NCEP-NCAR reanalyzed data for the period 1961–1990. The study examined the spatial distribution of cyclone occurrence, the mean Mediterranean upper- and lower-level troughs, the inter-annual variation and trend in the occurrence of the Mediterranean cyclones, and the main large-scale circulation patterns, represented by rotated EOFs of 500 hPa and sea level pressure. The models reproduce successfully the two maxima in cyclone density in the Mediterranean and their locations, the location of the average upper- and lower-level troughs, the relative inter-annual variation in cyclone occurrences and the structure of the four leading large scale EOFs. The main discrepancy is the models' underestimation of the cyclone density in the Mediterranean, especially in its western part. The models' skill in reproducing the cyclone distribution is found correlated with their spatial resolution, especially in the vertical. The current improvement in model spatial resolution suggests that their ability to reproduce the Mediterranean cyclones would be improved as well.
Work Characteristics Associated with Physical Functioning in Women
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: workplace
social environment
women's health
physical function

description: Women make up almost half of the labor force with older women becoming a growing segment of the population. Work characteristics influence physical functioning and women are at particular risk for physical limitations. However, little research has explored the effects of work characteristics on women's physical functioning. U.S. women between the ages of 50 and 79 were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study between 1993 and 1998. Women provided job titles and years worked at their three longest-held jobs (n = 79,147). Jobs were linked to characteristics in the Occupational Information Network. Three categories of job characteristics related to substantive complexity, physical demand, and social collaboration emerged. The association between job characteristics and physical limitations in later life, measured using a SF-36 Physical Functioning score <25th percentile, was examined using modified Poisson regression. After controlling for confounding variables, high physical demand was positively associated with physical limitations (RR = 1.09 CI: 1.06-1.12) and substantively complex work was negatively associated (RR = 0.94, CI: 0.91-0.96). Jobs requiring complex problem solving, active learning, and critical thinking were associated with better physical functioning. Employers should explore opportunities to reduce strain from physically demanding jobs and incorporate substantively complex tasks into women's work to improve long-term health.
Synchronization induced by intermittent versus partial drives in chaotic systems
Creators: name: Alvarez-Llamoza, O.
name: Cosenza, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the synchronized states of two systems of identical chaotic maps subject to either, a common drive that acts with a probability p in time or to the same drive acting on a fraction p of the maps, are similar. The synchronization behavior of both systems can be inferred by considering the dynamics of a single chaotic map driven with a probability p. The synchronized states for these systems are characterized on their common space of parameters. Our results show that the presence of a common external drive for all times is not essential for reaching synchronization in a system of chaotic oscillators, nor is the simultaneous sharing of the drive by all the elements in the system. Rather, a crucial condition for achieving synchronization is the sharing of some minimal, average information by the elements in the system over long times.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted in IJBC
Finite-time fluctuations in the degree statistics of growing networks
Creators: name: Godreche, C.
name: Grandclaude, H.
name: Luck, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the degree statistics in models for growing networks where new nodes enter one at a time and attach to one earlier node according to a stochastic rule. The models with uniform attachment, linear attachment (the Barabási-Albert model), and generalized preferential attachment with initial attractiveness are successively considered. The main emphasis is on finite-size (i.e., finite-time) effects, which are shown to exhibit different behaviors in three regimes of the size-degree plane: stationary, finite-size scaling, large deviations.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Causal Pathways from Enteropathogens to Environmental Enteropathy: Findings from the MAL-ED Birth Cohort Study
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Enteropathy
Undernutrition
Stunting
Enteropathogen
Child growth
Child health

description: © 2017 The Authors Background Environmental enteropathy (EE), the adverse impact of frequent and numerous enteric infections on the gut resulting in a state of persistent immune activation and altered permeability, has been proposed as a key determinant of growth failure in children in low- and middle-income populations. A theory-driven systems model to critically evaluate pathways through which enteropathogens, gut permeability, and intestinal and systemic inflammation affect child growth was conducted within the framework of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) birth cohort study that included children from eight countries. Methods Non-diarrheal stool samples (N = 22,846) from 1253 children from multiple sites were evaluated for a panel of 40 enteropathogens and fecal concentrations of myeloperoxidase, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and neopterin. Among these same children, urinary lactulose:mannitol (L:M) (N = 6363) and plasma alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) (N = 2797) were also measured. The temporal sampling design was used to create a directed acyclic graph of proposed mechanistic pathways between enteropathogen detection in non-diarrheal stools, biomarkers of intestinal permeability and inflammation, systemic inflammation and change in length- and weight- for age in children 0–2 years of age. Findings Children in these populations had frequent enteric infections and high levels of both intestinal and systemic inflammation. Higher burdens of enteropathogens, especially those categorized as being enteroinvasive or causing mucosal disruption, were associated with elevated biomarker concentrations of gut and systemic inflammation and, via these associations, indirectly associated with both reduced linear and ponderal growth. Evidence for the association with reduced linear growth was stronger for systemic inflammation than for gut inflammation; the opposite was true of reduced ponderal growth. Although Giardia was associated with reduced growth, the association was not mediated by any of the biomarkers evaluated. Interpretation The large quantity of empirical evidence contributing to this analysis supports the conceptual model of EE. The effects of EE on growth faltering in young children were small, but multiple mechanistic pathways underlying the attribution of growth failure to asymptomatic enteric infections had statistical support in the analysis. The strongest evidence for EE was the association between enteropathogens and linear growth mediated through systemic inflammation. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Evaluation of ocean crustal Sites 1256 and 504 for long-term CO2 sequestration
Creators: name: Slagle, Angela L.
name: Goldberg, David S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Chemical oceanography

description: Geologic storage of CO2 in ocean basalt reservoirs is a potentially long-term solution to offset anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Prior drilling at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)/Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)/Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Sites 1256 and 504 provides evidence that the extrusive ocean crust has sufficient porosity and permeability to enable storage of large volumes of CO2. Six intervals are identified as potential reservoirs in the shallow crust at Sites 1256 and 504, with new and reprocessed estimates of porosity from electrical resistivity logs ranging from 6% to 14% and permeability from ∼10−14 to 10−15 m2. Calculations using specific reservoir thickness and porosity estimates suggest that even the smallest reservoir could provide storage capacity for decades of global anthropogenic carbon emissions. In situ hydrologic experiments and pilot injection studies are needed to confirm high permeability and porosity estimates at Sites 1256 and 504, as well as the potential for CO2 injection and retention in these basalt reservoirs.
A National Study on the Effects of Concussion in Collegiate Athletes and US Military Service Academy Members: The NCAA–DoD Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium Structure and Methods
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Adolescent
Adult
Athletes
Athletic Injuries
Brain Concussion
Female
Humans
Male
Military Personnel
Organizational Policy
Organizations
Sports Medicine
Students
Universities

description: © 2017, The Author(s). Background: The natural history of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) or concussion remains poorly defined and no objective biomarker of physiological recovery exists for clinical use. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the US Department of Defense (DoD) established the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium to study the natural history of clinical and neurobiological recovery after concussion in the service of improved injury prevention, safety and medical care for student-athletes and military personnel. Objectives: The objectives of this paper were to (i) describe the background and driving rationale for the CARE Consortium; (ii) outline the infrastructure of the Consortium policies, procedures, and governance; (iii) describe the longitudinal 6-month clinical and neurobiological study methodology; and (iv) characterize special considerations in the design and implementation of a multicenter trial. Methods: Beginning Fall 2014, CARE Consortium institutions have recruited and enrolled 23,533 student-athletes and military service academy students (approximately 90% of eligible student-athletes and cadets; 64.6% male, 35.4% female). A total of 1174 concussions have been diagnosed in participating subjects, with both concussion and baseline cases deposited in the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research (FITBIR) database. Conclusions: Challenges have included coordinating regulatory issues across civilian and military institutions, operationalizing study procedures, neuroimaging protocol harmonization across sites and platforms, construction and maintenance of a relational database, and data quality and integrity monitoring. The NCAA–DoD CARE Consortium represents a comprehensive investigation of concussion in student-athletes and military service academy students. The richly characterized study sample and multidimensional approach provide an opportunity to advance the field of concussion science, not only among student athletes but in all populations at risk for mild TBI.
title: Effects of Exercise and Cheese Supplemented Diet on Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Fractions in Free-living Young Human Subjects
Creators: name: Gabel, Kathleen A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: Ten young adults were divided into an exercising group (n = 6) and sedentary group (n = 4). Smoking, ingestion of alcohol, drugs and oral contraceptives were prohibited during 9 weeks of study. Diets were prepared by university food service. Food consumed was recorded and nutrient intakes were assessed. Cheese was consumed in 84 to 112 gram portions every day for two separate 14 day periods. All other dairy products were prohibited in the diet except 240 ml of two percent milk per day. When cheese was consumed, daily diets contained ca 400 kcal, 100 mg cholesterol, and 700 mg calcium more than diets consumed without cheese.
Individual body weights were stable and no significant changes occurred in any anthropometric measure over nine weeks. A trend of becoming more lean existed in the exercise group. However, there was no significant change in serum total cholesterol, lipids, calcium, or anthropometric measures during the study. These results seriously question the advisability of recommending restricted consumption of dairy products to lower serum cholesterol.
Multiverse Scenarios in Cosmology: Classification, Cause, Challenge, Controversy, and Criticism
Creators: name: Vaas, Ruediger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiverse scenarios in cosmology assume that other universes exist "beyond" our own universe. They are an exciting challenge both for empirical and theoretical research as well as for philosophy of science. They could be necessary to understand why the big bang occurred, why (some of) the laws of nature and the values of certain physical constants are the way they are, and why there is an arrow of time. This essay clarifies competing notions of "universe" and "multiverse"; it proposes a classification of different multiverse types according to various aspects how the universes are or are not separated from each other; it reviews the main reasons for assuming the existence of other universes: empirical evidence, theoretical explanation, and philosophical arguments; and, finally, it argues that some attempts to criticize multiverse scenarios as "unscientific", insisting on a narrow understanding of falsification, is neither appropriate nor convincing from a philosophy of science point of view. -- Keywords: big bang, universe, multiverse, cosmic inflation, time, quantum gravity, string theory, laws of nature, physical constants, fine-tuning, anthropic principle, philosophy of science, metaphysics, falsificationism
description: 14 pages, 5 tables; submitted to Journal of Cosmology
In situ characterization of nanoparticles using rayleigh scattering
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: physics.chem-ph
physics.atm-clus
physics.optics

description: © The Author(s) 2017. We report a theoretical analysis showing that Rayleigh scattering could be used to monitor the growth of nanoparticles under arc discharge conditions. We compute the Rayleigh scattering cross sections of the nanoparticles by combining light scattering theory for gas-particle mixtures with calculations of the dynamic electronic polarizability of the nanoparticles. We find that the resolution of the Rayleigh scattering probe is adequate to detect nanoparticles as small as C 60 at the expected concentrations of synthesis conditions in the arc periphery. Larger asymmetric nanoparticles would yield brighter signals, making possible to follow the evolution of the growing nanoparticle population from the evolution of the scattered intensity. Observable spectral features include characteristic resonant behaviour, shape-dependent depolarization ratio, and mass-dependent line shape. Direct observation of nanoparticles in the early stages of growth with unobtrusive laser probes should give insight on the particle formation mechanisms and may lead to better-controlled synthesis protocols.
Have Aerosols Caused the Observed Atlantic Multidecadal Variability?
Creators: name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Delworth, Thomas L.
name: Zhang, Rong
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: Sutton, Rowan
name: Hodson, Daniel L. R.
name: Dixon, Keith W.
name: Held, Isaac M.
name: Marshall, John
name: Msadek, Rym
name: Ming, Yi
name: Robson, Jon
name: Rosati, Anthonoy J.
name: Vecchi, Gabriel A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Atmosphere
Hydrology

description: Identifying the prime drivers of the twentieth-century multidecadal variability in the Atlantic Ocean is crucial for predicting how the Atlantic will evolve in the coming decades and the resulting broad impacts on weather and precipitation patterns around the globe. Recently, Booth et al. showed that the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, version 2, Earth system configuration (HadGEM2-ES) closely reproduces the observed multidecadal variations of area-averaged North Atlantic sea surface temperature in the twentieth century. The multidecadal variations simulated in HadGEM2-ES are primarily driven by aerosol indirect effects that modify net surface shortwave radiation. On the basis of these results, Booth et al. concluded that aerosols are a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability. However, here it is shown that there are major discrepancies between the HadGEM2-ES simulations and observations in the North Atlantic upper-ocean heat content, in the spatial pattern of multidecadal SST changes within and outside the North Atlantic, and in the subpolar North Atlantic sea surface salinity. These discrepancies may be strongly influenced by, and indeed in large part caused by, aerosol effects. It is also shown that the aerosol effects simulated in HadGEM2-ES cannot account for the observed anticorrelation between detrended multidecadal surface and subsurface temperature variations in the tropical North Atlantic. These discrepancies cast considerable doubt on the claim that aerosol forcing drives the bulk of this multidecadal variability.
Teacher stress and curriculum change : a conceptual analysis and framework for research
Creators: name: McKay, KI
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The demands of work place stress upon the person who carries out the task. There are a number of studies of occupational stress in the corporate business world. However, research of stress in Australian schools has received little attention despite generalisations that teaching is second only to the medical profession in the quantity of pressure experienced. This study is based on the view that significant organisational consequences arise from the stress to which an individual is exposed. Curriculum change is described and occupational stress is examined. The needs of teachers are discussed. Major theories of motivation, and existing and proposed promotion structures are considered and assessed. A suggested framework for research follows and sample elements which could be used in a research instrument, aimed at quantifying stress in the teaching profession, has been provided. The purposes of this study are to investigate the relationship between teacher stress and curriculum change, to identify concepts and variables which are important in understanding and explaining the relationship between teacher stress and curriculum change, to build a conceptual framework and determine an appropriate methodology for further research on the relationship between teacher Stress and curriculum change, and to prepare sample elements for a questionnaire which may be used as part of the research methodology in a future investigation.
Three "First Places" for Ediacaran Period
Creators: name: Knoll, Andrew H.
name: Walter, Malcolm R.
name: Narbonne, Guy M.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Paleontology
subject: History

description: Definition of a new geologic period for the last interval of the Proterozoic Eon, the Ediacaran, was recently ratified by the IUGS. The Ediacaran Period is the first Proterozoic period to be recognized on the basis of chronostratigraphic criteria, the first internationally ratified, chronostratigraphically defined period of any age to be introduced in more than 120 years, and the first to be defined by a "golden spike" in the Southern hemisphere.
Educational influences in the development of English-speaking culture in post-conquest Quebec, 1760-1800
Creators: name: Ruskin, Olga
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The underlying problem undertaken in this study was to find out how English-speaking culture in Quebec managed to develop during the first forty years of British rule of a land that hitherto had been the home of French-speaking culture. As language is considered to be the most important aspect of a culture, so the problem narrowed itself into an examination of how the English language was kept alive in a period marked by the dearth of English-speaking schools to teach English. The reason for the survival of the English language in a land where French was the native tongue was due to the educational influences named in the Introduction. The conclusions reached in this study bear out the importance of such influences in the development of English-speaking culture. Historical research was used to amass material to illustrate the role of educational influences in the development of English-speaking culture. The gathering of such material itself was a problem because historians have hitherto concentrated on the political aspects of the period, so that secondary material on English-speaking culture is scarce. Archival records have been of some use but have required extensive time for perusal in order to locate pertinent information. Newspaper records have proved to be exceedingly useful, and have been used extensively. It is hoped that this study, despite its inadequacies, will illuminate one or two dark recesses in Canadian history.
Stratigraphy, Sedimentary Structures, and Textures of the Late Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Cap Carbonate in South China
Creators: name: Jiang, Ganqing
name: Kennedy, Martin J.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Wu, Huaichun
name: Zhang, Shihong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Submarine geology
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic

description: The 3- to 5-m-thick Doushantuo cap carbonate in south China overlies the glaciogenic Nantuo Formation (ca. 635 Ma) and consists of laterally persistent, thinly laminated and normally graded dolomite and limestone indicative of relatively deep-water deposition, most likely below storm wave base. The basal portion of this carbonate contains a distinctive suite of closely associated tepee-like structures, stromatactis-like cavities, layer-parallel sheet cracks, and cemented breccias. The cores of tepees are composed of stacked cavities lined by cements and brecciated host dolomicrite. Onlap by laminated sediment indicates synsedimentary disruption of bedding that resulted in a positive seafloor expression. Cavities and sheet cracks contain internal sediments, and they are lined by originally aragonitic isopachous botryoidal cements with acicular radiating needles, now replaced by dolomite and silica. Pyrite and barite are common, and calcite is locally retained as a primary mineral. These features share morphological and petrographic attributes with modern and ancient methane seeps in which methane gas and fluids provide both a force for physical disruption from buoyancy and a source of alkalinity for significant cementation. The presence of δ13C values as low as −41‰ in well preserved limestone crusts and cements within and immediately above the tepee-like structures provides unequivocal evidence for methane influence, and the widespread distribution of identical sedimentary structures and paragenetic cement sequences across the entire basin at the same basal cap carbonate level is consistent with gas hydrate destabilization and the development of methane seeps as a result of postglacial warming of the ocean. Considering the broad distribution of similar features at the same stratigraphic level in other cap carbonates globally, we suggest that the late Neoproterozoic postglacial methane release may have influenced the oceanic oxygen level as well as contributed to postglacial warming via the greenhouse effects of methane.
title: Cholesterol-Lowering of Pantethine is Due to the Hydrolysis Product Cysteamine
Creators: name: Graves, Caran
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: Pantethine, a precursor of coenzyme A, has been shown to reduce serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The enzyme pantetheinase rapidly hydrolyzes pantethine to the vitamin pantothenic acid and the amino thiol cysteamine.
This study was designed to compare the effect of cysteamine and pantothenate supplementation with that of pantethine on hypercholesterolemic rabbits. New Zealand white rabbits were fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 5 weeks; treatment groups received only the high cholesterol diet (control), or a high cholesterol diet supplemented with 1% pantethine, or an equimolar amount of pantothenic acid or cystamine (the disulfide of cysteamine). Blood samples were drawn weekly and total serum cholesterol levels analyzed enzymatically. Pantethine and cystamine both significantly reduced serum cholesterol levels (p < 0.05); pantothenic acid had no effect. Separation of serum lipoproteins using a preparative ultracentrifuge showed an increase in very low density, intermediate density and low density lipoproteins.
A second experiment was conducted to compare the effect of cystamine with other small thiols; the protocol was similar to the first experiment with treatment groups consisting of a high cholesterol control, cystamine, cystine or 2,hydroxyethyl disulfide. There was no significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels between treatment groups, although the cystamine supplemented group tended to be lower than the other groups.
The Cosmic Evolution of AGN in galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Galametz, Audrey
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.
name: Brodwin, Mark
name: Brown, Michael J. I.
name: Dey, Arjun
name: Gonzalez, Anthony H.
name: Jannuzi, Buell T.
name: Moustakas, Leonidas A.
name: Stanford, S. Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the surface density of luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) associated with a uniformly selected galaxy cluster sample identified in the 8.5 square degree Bootes field of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey. The clusters are distributed over a large range of redshift (0 < z < 1.5) and we identify AGN using three different selection criteria: mid-IR color, radio luminosity, and X-ray luminosity. Relative to the field, we note a clear overdensity of the number of AGN within 0.5 Mpc of the cluster centers at z > 0.5. The amplitude of this AGN overdensity increases with redshift. Although there are significant differences between the AGN populations probed by each selection technique, the rise in cluster AGN surface density generally increases more steeply than that of field quasars. In particular, X-ray selected AGN are at least three times more prevalent in clusters at 1 < z < 1.5 compared to clusters at 0.5 < z < 1. This effect is stronger than can be explained by the evolving median richness of our cluster sample. We thus confirm the existence of a Butcher-Oemler type effect for AGN in galaxy clusters, with the number of AGN in clusters increasing with redshift.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Relationship between growth and illness, enteropathogens and dietary intakes in the first 2 years of life: Findings from the MAL-ED birth cohort study
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: child health
cohort study
environmental health
nutritional and metabolic disorders
pneumonia

description: © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. Background Dietary and illness factors affect risk of growth faltering; the role of enteropathogens is less clear. As part of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study, we quantify the effects of enteropathogen infection, diarrhoea and diet on child growth. Methods Newborns were enrolled and followed until 24 months. Length and weight were assessed monthly. Illnesses and breastfeeding practices were documented biweekly; from 9 to 24 months, non-breast milk intakes were quantified monthly. Routinely collected non-diarrhoeal stools were analysed for a broad array of enteropathogens. A linear piecewise spline model was used to quantify associations of each factor with growth velocity in seven of eight MAL-ED sites; cumulative effects on attained size at 24 months were estimated for mean, low (10th percentile) and high (90th percentile) exposure levels. Additionally, the six most prevalent enteropathogens were evaluated for their effects on growth. results Diarrhoea did not have a statistically significant effect on growth. Children with high enteropathogen exposure were estimated to be 1.21±0.33 cm (p<0.001; 0.39 length for age (LAZ)) shorter and 0.08±0.15 kg (p=0.60; 0.08 weight-for-age (WAZ)) lighter at 24 months, on average, than children with low exposure. Campylobacter and enteroaggregativeEscherichia coli detections were associated with deficits of 0.83±0.33 and 0.85±0.31 cm in length (p=0.011 and 0.001) and 0.22±0.15 and 0.09±0.14 kg in weight (p=0.14 and 0.52), respectively. Children with low energy intakes and protein density were estimated to be 1.39±0.33 cm (p<0.001; 0.42 LAZ) shorter and 0.81±0.15 kg (p<0.001; 0.65 WAZ) lighter at 24 months than those with high intakes. conclusions Reducing enteropathogen burden and improving energy and protein density of complementary foods could reduce stunting.
Platinum-carbon bond formation by cyclometallation and oxidative addition reactivity of organoplatinum compounds
Creators: name: Honeyman, RT
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The work described in this thesis stems from the observation that a pyrazolyl group in Me2Pt(HCpz3) umdergoes a Cyclometallation reaction when heated in neat pyridine, giving rise to a NC- coordination mode, which is uncommon for flexible carbon bridged maltidentate ligands.... The chemistry of this novel cyclometallation system has been explored, together with related polydentate ligand systems and the oxidative addition reactivity of platinum(II) complexes, in order to extend our knowledge of reactivity of platinum(II) toward formation of organoplatinum(II) and platinum(IV) complexes with new structural features. A range of polydentate pyrazolyl ligands were chosen, or designed and synthesized, according to their ability to possibly undergo cyclometallation reactions.
Atomic jets from class 0 sources detected by Spitzer: the case of L1448-C
Creators: name: Dionatos, O.
name: Nisini, B.
name: Lopez, R. Garcia
name: Giannini, T.
name: Davis, C. J.
name: Smith, M. D.
name: Ray, T. P.
name: De Luca, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Spitzer-IRS spectra obtained along the molecular jet from the Class 0 source L1448-C (or L1448-mm). Atomic lines from the fundamental transitions of [FeII], [SiII] and [SI] have been detected showing, for the first time, the presence of an embedded atomic jet at low excitation. Pure rotational H$_2$ lines are also detected, and a decrease of the atomic/molecular emission ratio is observed within 1 arcmin from the driving source. Additional ground based spectra (UKIRT/UIST) were obtained to further constrain the H$_2$ excitation along the jet axis and, combined with the 0--0 lines, have been compared with bow-shock models. From the different line ratios, we find that the atomic gas is characterized by an electron density n_e ~ 200-1000 cm^{-3}, a temperature T_e < 2500 K and an ionization fraction
description: 31 pages, 8 figures, ApJ in press
Additional file 1 of A novel rotation method with variable-angle anterior probe for correcting the depth of the kidney to optimize renal dynamic imaging
Creators: name: Wei, Hua
name: Han, Ke
name: Wu, Jiaojiao
name: Hu, Guang
name: Wu, Zhifang
name: Wang, Hongliang
name: Guo, Xiaoshan
name: Hou, Yansong
name: Wang, Rui
name: Li, Sijin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 1. An article about the rotation method.
Model Checking Temporal Logic Formulas Using Sticker Automata
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Computers, Molecular
DNA, Single-Stranded
Models, Theoretical

description: © 2017 Weijun Zhu et al. As an important complex problem, the temporal logic model checking problem is still far from being fully resolved under the circumstance of DNA computing, especially Computation Tree Logic (CTL), Interval Temporal Logic (ITL), and Projection Temporal Logic (PTL), because there is still a lack of approaches for DNA model checking. To address this challenge, a model checking method is proposed for checking the basic formulas in the above three temporal logic types with DNA molecules. First, one-type single-stranded DNA molecules are employed to encode the Finite State Automaton (FSA) model of the given basic formula so that a sticker automaton is obtained. On the other hand, other single-stranded DNA molecules are employed to encode the given system model so that the input strings of the sticker automaton are obtained. Next, a series of biochemical reactions are conducted between the above two types of single-stranded DNA molecules. It can then be decided whether the system satisfies the formula or not. As a result, we have developed a DNA-based approach for checking all the basic formulas of CTL, ITL, and PTL. The simulated results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method.
Universality in selection with local perturbations in the Saffman-Taylor problem
Creators: name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Physics
Mechanics

description: An analytic theory using WKBJ methods for selection with local perturbations in the SaffmanTaylor [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 245, 312 (1958)] problem is presented. I obtain qualitative agreement with previously published phenomenology, including symmetric narrowed fingers for local reductions in the surface-tension parameter, narrowed asymmetric fingers for local increases, and scaling of the tip curvature and asymmetry with the square root of the surface-tension parameter. The source of the universality in the perturbed problem is discussed, giving some explanation of why the experimental perturbations can be modeled by locally varying surface tension. Very good quantitative agreement between theory and a numerical simulation of the same perturbation is shown, with no adjustable parameters to fit. Finally, I outline experiments to test new behavior predicted by the theory; a quantitative prediction observable experimentally is given.
Precession and Recession of the Rock'n'roller
Creators: name: Lynch, Peter
name: Bustamante, Miguel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of a spherical rigid body that rocks and rolls on a plane under the effect of gravity. The distribution of mass is non-uniform and the centre of mass does not coincide with the geometric centre. The symmetric case, with moments of inertia I_1=I_2, is integrable and the motion is completely regular. Three known conservation laws are the total energy E, Jellett's quantity Q_J and Routh's quantity Q_R. When the inertial symmetry I_1=I_2 is broken, even slightly, the character of the solutions is profoundly changed and new types of motion become possible. We derive the equations governing the general motion and present analytical and numerical evidence of the recession, or reversal of precession, that has been observed in physical experiments. We present an analysis of recession in terms of critical lines dividing the (Q_R,Q_J) plane into four dynamically disjoint zones. We prove that recession implies the lack of conservation of Jellett's and Routh's quantities, by identifying individual reversals as crossings of the orbit (Q_R(t),Q_J(t)) through the critical lines. Consequently, a method is found to produce a large number of initial conditions so that the system will exhibit recession.
title: Plasmid-Linked Maltose Utilization in Lactobacillus spp. Isolated from Meat
Creators: name: Liu, Mei-Ling
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1987

description: Five strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and four strains of Lactobacillus species isolated from fresh meat were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA. All strains examined contained between one and five plasmids ranging in molecular mass from 1.3 to 51.6 (Mdal). Plasmid-curing experiments suggest that maltose utilization is associated with a 51 Mdal plasmid in Lactobacillus sp. DB29 and 42 Mdal plasmids in Lactobacillus spp. DB27, DB28, DB31. Southern blot DNA-DNA hybridization showed homology between the maltose plasmid from Lactobacillus sp. DB29 and several plasmids from the other Lactobacillus spp.
FlyExpress 7: An integrated discovery platform to study coexpressed genes using in situ hybridization images in Drosophila
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: dotplot
embryonic expression patterns
gene regulation
image analysis
intergenic regions

description: © 2017 Kumar et al. Gene expression patterns assayed across development can offer key clues about a gene's function and regulatory role. Drosophila melanogaster is ideal for such investigations as multiple individual and high-throughput efforts have captured the spatiotemporal patterns of thousands of embryonic expressed genes in the form of in situ images. FlyExpress (www.flyexpress.net), a knowledgebase based on a massive and unique digital library of standardized images and a simple search engine to find coexpressed genes, was created to facilitate the analytical and visual mining of these patterns. Here, we introduce the next generation of FlyExpress resources to facilitate the integrative analysis of sequence data and spatiotemporal patterns of expression from images. FlyExpress 7 now includes over 100,000 standardized in situ images and implements a more efficient, user-defined search algorithm to identify coexpressed genes via Genomewide Expression Maps (GEMs). Shared motifs found in the upstream 59 regions of any pair of coexpressed genes can be visualized in an interactive dotplot. Additional webtools and link-outs to assist in the downstream validation of candidate motifs are also provided. Together, FlyExpress 7 represents our largest effort yet to accelerate discovery via the development and dispersal of new webtools that allow researchers to perform data-driven analyses of coexpression (image) and genomic (sequence) data.
Links between tropical rainfall and North Atlantic climate during the last glacial period
Creators: name: Deplazes, Gaudenz
name: Hamann, Yvonne
name: Haug, Gerald H.
name: Peterson, Larry C.
name: Luckge, Andreas
name: Timmermann, Axel
name: Hughen, Konrad A.
name: Rohl, Ursula
name: Laj, Carlo
name: Cane, Mark A.
name: Sigman, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Atmosphere

description: During the last glacial period, the North Atlantic region experienced pronounced, millennial-scale alternations between cold, stadial conditions and milder interstadial conditions—commonly referred to as Dansgaard–Oeschger oscillations—as well as periods of massive iceberg discharge known as Heinrich events. Changes in Northern Hemisphere temperature, as recorded in Greenland are thought to have affected the location of the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone and the strength of the Indian summer monsoon. Here we use high-resolution records of sediment colour—a measure of terrigenous versus biogenic content—from the Cariaco Basin off the coast of Venezuela and the Arabian Sea to assess teleconnections with the North Atlantic climate system during the last glacial period. The Cariaco record indicates that the intertropical convergence zone migrated seasonally over the site during mild stadial conditions, but was permanently displaced south of the basin during peak stadials and Heinrich events. In the Arabian Sea, we find evidence of a weak Indian summer monsoon during the stadial events. The tropical records show a more variable response to North Atlantic cooling than the Greenland temperature records. We therefore suggest that Greenland climate is especially sensitive to variations in the North Atlantic system—in particular sea-ice extent—whereas the intertropical convergence zone and Indian monsoon system respond primarily to variations in mean Northern Hemisphere temperature.
New extended Crewther-type relation
Creators: name: Kataev, A. L.
name: Mikhailov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a conjecture about the detailed structure of the conformal symmetry breaking term in the generalized Crewther relation. We conclude that this conjecture leads to new relations between the QCD expansion coefficients of the Adler D-function and the polarized Bjorken sum rule B$_{jp}$
description: Second part of the talk presented at RADCOR2009-9th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections (Applications of Quantum Field Theory to Phenomenology), October 25-30, Ascona, Switzerland, Submitted to the Proceedings
The impact of research on policymaking in education
Creators: name: Hocking, H
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate a commonly-held view that educational research does not contribute to policymalcing. The general problem was to examine the outcomes of attempts to foster linkage between researchers and policymakers, and thus to develop greater understanding of the possible influence of research on policy. The research that was the subject of the study was undertaken by an in-house government research facility which sought to improve the link between research and policymaldng. The conceptual framework postulated four major components: policy comprising sub-components of operating environment, policy process and policymakers; research comprising sub-components of researchers and enquiry; linkage and outcomes. Elements within these components and sub-components were identified, leading to variables for data collection. A case study method was adopted, using four case studies as a step towards generalisation. One case was selected from each cell of a two-by-two grid based on two elements of the conceptual framework. The elements forming the axes of the grid were (1) who initiated the research (researchers or policymakers) and (2) whether or not there were perceived policy outcomes (impact or no impact). A variety of data sources was used to construct the case descriptions. Interviews with participants formed an important dimension of the information collection. The four cases were subjected to analysis on the basis of the conceptual framework. The findings indicated that research had an impact on policymaldng in all four cases. The impact was variously in the form of (1) developing shared understanding and beliefs amongst policymakers as the foundation for corporate policy development, (2) refining the policymakers' working knowledge of the issues as a basis for decision-making and (3) creating a climate of expectation for policy development or implementation. Little evidence of the use of research in a linear sense in policy decisions was apparent. A wide range of factors was identified which impinged on the research-policy relationship. The notion of a relationship based solely on rational policy processes using scientific evidence was rejected. A model of the research/policy relationship was proposed and implications for theory and practice were drawn. These have wide applicability for researchers, policymalcers and research funding agencies.
Exact calculation of the joint allele frequency spectrum for isolation with migration models
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: isolation with migration
AFS
Markov chains
composite likelihood

description: © 2017 Kern and Hey. Population genomic datasets collected over the past decade have spurred interest in developing methods that can utilize massive numbers of loci for inference of demographic and selective histories of populations. The allele frequency spectrum (AFS) provides a convenient statistic for such analysis, and, accordingly, much attention has been paid to predicting theoretical expectations of the AFS under a number of different models. However, to date, exact solutions for the joint AFS of two or more populations under models of migration and divergence have not been found. Here, we present a novel Markov chain representation of the coalescent on the state space of the joint AFS that allows for rapid, exact calculation of the joint AFS under isolation with migration (IM) models. In turn, we show how our Markov chain method, in the context of composite likelihood estimation, can be used for accurate inference of parameters of the IM model using SNP data. Lastly, we apply our method to recent whole genome datasets from African Drosophila melanogaster.