cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid environmental change
Creators: name: Ricciardi, Anthony
name: Iacarella, Josephine C.
name: Aldridge, David C.
name: Blackburn, Tim M.
name: Carlton, James T.
name: Catford, Jane A.
name: Dick, Jaimie T. A.
name: Hulme, Philip E.
name: Jeschke, Jonathan M.
name: Liebhold, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: biosecurity
subject: climate change
subject: ecological impact
subject: invasive species
subject: management
subject: risk assessment
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Unprecedented rates of introduction and spread of non-native species pose burgeoning challenges to biodiversity, natural resource management, regional economies, and human health. Current biosecurity efforts are failing to keep pace with globalization, revealing critical gaps in our understanding and response to invasions. Here, we identify four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid global environmental change. First, invasion science should strive to develop a more comprehensive framework for predicting how the behavior, abundance, and interspecific interactions of non-native species vary in relation to conditions in receiving environments and how these factors govern the ecological impacts of invasion. A second priority is to understand the potential synergistic effects of multiple co-occurring stressors— particularly involving climate change—on the establishment and impact of non-native species. Climate adaptation and mitigation strategies will need to consider the possible consequences of promoting non-native species, and appropriate management responses to non-native species will need to be developed. The third priority is to address the taxonomic impediment. The ability to detect and evaluate invasion risks is compromised by a growing deficit in taxonomic expertise, which cannot be adequately compensated by new molecular technologies alone. Management of biosecurity risks will become increasingly challenging unless academia, industry, and governments train and employ new personnel in taxonomy and systematics. Fourth, we recommend that internationally cooperative biosecurity strategies consider the bridgehead effects of global dispersal networks, in which organisms tend to invade new regions from locations where they have already established. Cooperation among countries to eradicate or control species established in bridgehead regions should yield greater benefit than independent attempts by individual countries to exclude these species from arriving and establishing.
Spin-polarized conductance in double quantum dots: Interplay of Kondo, Zeeman and interference effects
Creators: name: da Silva, Luis G. G. V. Dias
name: Vernek, Edson
name: Ingersent, Kevin
name: Sandler, Nancy P.
name: Ulloa, Sergio E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of an external magnetic field in the Kondo regime of a double-quantum-dot system in which a strongly correlated dot (the "hanging dot") is coupled to a second, noninteracting dot that also bridges the gap between two external leads. In zero field, the spectral function of the hanging dot has previously been shown to exhibit a split-peak structure near the Fermi level due to "Kondo resonance filtering" by the bridging dot. We show using the numerical renormalization group that application of a magnetic field leads to a subtle interplay between electronic interference, Kondo physics, and Zeeman splitting with nontrivial consequences for the spectral and transport properties. The value of the hanging-dot spectral function at the Fermi level exhibits a nonuniversal field dependence that can be explained using a generalized Friedel sum rule for a Kondo system with energy-dependent hybridization. The magnetic field also accentuates the exchange-mediated interdot coupling, which dominates the ground state at intermediate fields leading to the formation of antiparallel magnetic moments on the dots. By tuning gate voltages and the magnetic field, one can achieve complete spin polarization of the linear conductance between the leads, raising the prospect of applications of the device as a highly tunable spin filter. The system's low-energy properties are qualitatively unchanged by the presence of weak on-site Coulomb repulsion within the bridging dot.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures. Published version
Neogene kinematics of the Giudicarie Belt and eastern Southern Alpine orogenic front (northern Italy)
Creators: name: Verwater, Vincent F.
name: Le Breton, Eline
name: Handy, Mark R.
name: Picotti, Vincenzo
name: Najafabadi, Azam Jozi
name: Haberland, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neogene kinematics
subject: Alps
subject: orogenic front
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Neogene indentation of the Adriatic plate into Europe led to major modifications of the Alpine orogenic structures and style of deformation in the Eastern and Southern Alps. The Giudicarie Belt is a prime example of this, as it offsets the entire Alpine orogenic edifice; its activity has been kinematically linked to strike-slip faulting and lateral extrusion of the Eastern Alps. Remaining questions on the exact role of this fold-and-thrust belt in the structure of the Alpine orogen at depth necessitate a quantitative analysis of the shortening, kinematics, and depth of decoupling beneath the Giudicarie Belt and adjacent parts of the Southern Alps. Tectonic balancing of a network of seven cross sections through the Giudicarie Belt parallel to the local NNW–SSE shortening direction reveals that this belt comprises two kinematic domains that accommodated different amounts of shortening during overlapping times. These two domains are separated by the NW–SE-oriented strike-slip Trento-Cles–Schio-Vicenza fault system, which offsets the Southern Alpine orogenic front in the south and merges with the Northern Giudicarie Fault in the north. The SW kinematic domain (Val Trompia sector) accommodated at least ∼ 18 km of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene shortening. Since the Middle Miocene, this domain experienced at least ∼ 12–22 km shortening, whereas the NE kinematic domain accommodated at least ∼ 25–35 km shortening. Together, these domains contributed an estimated minimum of ∼ 40–47 km of sinistral strike-slip motion along the Northern Giudicarie Fault, implying that most offset of the Periadriatic Fault is due to Late Oligocene to Neogene indentation of the Adriatic plate into the Eastern Alps. Moreover, the faults linking the Giudicarie Belt with the Northern Giudicarie Fault reach ∼ 15–20 km depth, indicating a thick-skinned tectonic style of deformation. These fault detachments may also connect at depth with a lower crustal Adriatic wedge that protruded north of the Periadriatic Fault and are responsible for N–S shortening and eastward, orogen-parallel escape of deeply exhumed units in the Tauern Window. Finally, the E–W lateral variation of shortening across the Giudicarie Belt indicates internal deformation and lateral variation in strength of the Adriatic indenter related to Permian–Mesozoic tectonic structures and paleogeographic zones.
Tratamento de Água Residuária Sintética Contendo Cd2+ em um Reator Anaeróbio de Fluxo Descendente e Leito Móvel
Creators: name: Guardia, Mariana
name: Mockaitis, Gustavo
name: Zaiat, Marcelo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400410
subject: Wastewater treatment processes
classificationCode: 300109
subject: Non-genetically modified uses of biotechnology

description: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a remoção do íon metálico cádmio pelo processo de precipitação pela reação com o ânion sulfeto, oriundo da redução do sulfato em condições anaeróbias. Para tanto, utilizou-se um reator contínuo de leito móvel invertido, no qual agregou-se a remoção da matéria orgânica, a redução do sulfato e a precipitação do cádmio iônico na forma de sulfeto de cádmio. O inóculo utilizado é proveniente de reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB) aplicado ao tratamento de resíduo de abatedouro de aves e a água residuária utilizada foi uma água residuária sintética, simulando esgoto sanitário, a qual adicionou-se sulfato e cádmio. A relação DQO/[SO42-] foi de 4 na etapa I e 3 na etapa II, mantendo-se constante o valor da DQO em 500 mg.L-1. A concentração de cádmio foi gradualmente aumentada. passando por 1, 5, 10 e 20 mg.L-1. Na etapa I, verificou-se uma eficiência média de remoção de DQO de 92,7%, remoção de sulfato de 78,4% e 81,0% de remoção de cádmio. Na 2ª etapa, foram atingidas eficiências de 87,9% para a DQO e 89,0% para o sulfato.
Integration of vector fields on smooth and holomorphic supermanifolds
Creators: name: Garnier, Stéphane
name: Wurzbacher, Tilmann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 58A50, 37C10, Secondary 57S20, 32C11

description: We give a new and self-contained proof of the existence and unicity of the flow for an arbitrary (not necessarily homogeneous) smooth vector field on a real supermanifold, and extend these results to the case of holomorphic vector fields on complex supermanifolds. Furthermore we discuss local actions associated to super vector fields, and give several examples and applications, as, e.g., the construction of an exponential morphism for an arbitrary finite dimensional Lie supergroup. In the 2nd version we corrected typos, presentation of figures and other small points. We added references in Sections 3 and 4. More details are given in part (4.2) of Section 4, treating the exponential morphism of a Lie supergroup. Notably we give now two constructions of the vector field leading to the exponential morphism and we show its completeness; furthermore we characterize the exponential morphism in terms of the exponential maps of the Lie groups of morphisms from superpoints to the given Lie supergroup.
description: 28 pages
Quantum dynamics of a planar rotor driven by suddenly switched combined aligning and orienting interactions
Creators: name: Mirahmadi, Marjan
name: Schmidt, Burkhard
name: Friedrich, Bretislav
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: planar pendulum
subject: planar rotor
subject: orientation and alignment
subject: non-adiabatic dynamics
subject: analytic solutions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We investigate, both analytically and numerically, the quantum dynamics of a planar (2D) rigid rotor subject to suddenly switched-on or switched-off concurrent orienting and aligning interactions. We find that the time-evolution of the post-switch populations as well as of the expectation values of orientation and alignment reflects the spectral properties and the eigensurface topology of the planar pendulum eigenproblem established in our earlier work (2014 Front. Phys. 2 37, 2017 Eur. Phys. J. D 71 149). This finding opens the possibility to examine the topological properties of the eigensurfaces experimentally as well as provides the means to make use of these properties for controlling the rotor dynamics in the laboratory.
Dishonesty and risk-taking: Compliance decisions of individuals and groups
Creators: name: Fochmann, Martin
name: Fochmann, Nadja
name: Kocher, Martin G.
name: Müller, Nadja
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dishonesty
subject: Lying
subject: Compliance
subject: Risk-taking
subject: Group decisions
subject: Communication
subject: Norms
subject: Experiment
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: Unethical behavior in organizations is usually associated with the risk of negative consequences for the organization and for the involved managers if being detected. The existing experimental literature in economics has so far focused mainly on the analysis of unethical behavior in environments that involve no fines or similar monetary consequences. In the current paper, we use a tax compliance framework to study (un-)ethical behavior of individuals and small groups. Our results show that groups are clearly less compliant than individuals. The risk of being detected is the most important aspect in the group communication process when deciding on compliance.
Hydrodynamic Instabilities Provide A Generic Route To Spontaneous Biomimetic Oscillations In Chemomechanically Active Filaments
Creators: name: Laskar, Abhrajit
name: Singh, Rajeev
name: Ghose, Somdeb
name: Jayaraman, Gayathri
name: Kumar, P. B. Sunil
name: Adhikari, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Non-equilibrium processes which convert chemical energy into mechanical motion enable the motility of organisms. Bundles of inextensible filaments driven by energy transduction of molecular motors form essential components of micron-scale motility engines like cilia and flagella. The mimicry of cilia-like motion in recent experiments on synthetic active filaments supports the idea that generic physical mechanisms may be sufficient to generate such motion. Here we show, theoretically, that the competition between the destabilising effect of hydrodynamic interactions induced by force-free and torque-free chemomechanically active flows, and the stabilising effect of nonlinear elasticity, provides a generic route to spontaneous oscillations in active filaments. These oscillations, reminiscent of prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagellar motion, are obtained without having to invoke structural complexity or biochemical regulation. This minimality implies that biomimetic oscillations, previously observed only in complex bundles of active filaments, can be replicated in simple chains of generic chemomechanically active beads.
description: 10 (6+4) pages, 8 (5+3) figures; contains supplemental text; movies at https://sites.google.com/site/somdebghose/gallery; published in Nature Scientific Reports
Multiple Testing for Exploratory Research
Creators: name: Goeman, Jelle J.
name: Solari, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the practice of exploratory research, we formulate an approach to multiple testing that reverses the conventional roles of the user and the multiple testing procedure. Traditionally, the user chooses the error criterion, and the procedure the resulting rejected set. Instead, we propose to let the user choose the rejected set freely, and to let the multiple testing procedure return a confidence statement on the number of false rejections incurred. In our approach, such confidence statements are simultaneous for all choices of the rejected set, so that post hoc selection of the rejected set does not compromise their validity. The proposed reversal of roles requires nothing more than a review of the familiar closed testing procedure, but with a focus on the non-consonant rejections that this procedure makes. We suggest several shortcuts to avoid the computational problems associated with closed testing.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-STS356 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Deep Neural Network-based Solution to Improve Communication of Reactive OpenFlow/SDN Networks in Fog of Things Data Streams
Creators: name: Batista, Ernando
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The significant adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has intensified the challenges in providing suitable IoT infrastructures that meet essential requirements, such as dynamic networks and low latency Sensors used in IoT applications may be with an unstable network infrastructure, or overload on a network link associated with an IoT Gateway (server). Such scenarios may result in increased latency and consequently unavailability in IoT applications. Ensuring low latency is essential for IoT applications to be able to deal more adequately with possible changes in device conditions. To meet this low latency requirement, one must ensure that the network infrastructure adjusts to dynamic IoT data stream traffic. In this context, the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and the OpenFlow protocol provide possibilities for IoT networks. Based on the global view of network elements, SDN allows the programmability and control of the infrastructure according to the actual demands of applications. This work proposes a solution based on Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to predict data streams from IoT devices. The proposal automatically uses past data from the IoT data stream to calculate the time of the subsequent communication from IoT devices. Based on these predictions, actions are programed and executed in advance, facilitating the installation of OpenFlow rules and avoiding potential congestion in the network paths of the IoT data stream.
Solutions of Helmholtz and Schrödinger Equations with Side Condition and Nonregular Separation of Variables
Creators: name: Broadbridge, Philip
name: Chanu, Claudia M.
name: Miller, Willard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q40, 35J05

description: Olver and Rosenau studied group-invariant solutions of (generally nonlinear) partial differential equations through the imposition of a side condition. We apply a similar idea to the special case of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, namely Hamilton-Jacobi, Helmholtz and time-independent Schrödinger equations with potential on $N$-dimensional Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, but with a linear side condition, where more structure is available. We show that the requirement of $N-1$ commuting second-order symmetry operators, modulo a second-order linear side condition corresponds to nonregular separation of variables in an orthogonal coordinate system, characterized by a generalized Stäckel matrix. The coordinates and solutions obtainable through true nonregular separation are distinct from those arising through regular separation of variables. We develop the theory for these systems and provide examples.
Hosotani mechanism in higher dimensional Lee-Wick theory
Creators: name: Kan, Nahomi
name: Kobayashi, Koichiro
name: Shiraishi, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hosotani mechanism in higher-dimensional Lee-Wick theory is investigated. The symmetry breaking mechanism proposed by Hosotani is studied at one-loop level through a toy model in this theory. We find that the phase diagram of symmetry and masses of fields are modified from the original one if masses of Lee-Wick particles are in the same order of the inverse of the compactification scale.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. revtex format. revised version, references added
Randall-Sundrum model with a small curvature and dimuon production at the LHC
Creators: name: Kisselev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $p_{\perp}$-distributions for the dimuon production at the LHC are calculated in the Randall-Sundrum scenario with a small curvature $κ$. The $pp$ collisions at 7 TeV and 14 TeV are considered. The widths of massive graviton excitations are taken into account. It is found that the LHC discovery limit on 5-dimensional gravity scale $M_5$ is equal to 5.5 TeV for $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV and integrated luminositiy 5 fb$^{-1}$. For $\sqrt{s} = 14$ TeV and integrated luminosities 30 fb$^{-1}$ and 100 fb$^{-1}$, the search limits in the dimuon events are 12.0 TeV and 14.6 TeV, respectively. Contrary to the standard RS model, these limits are independent of $κ$, provided $κ\ll M_5$.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, journal version
ON THE DIMENSIONS OF THE REALIZATION SPACES OF POLYTOPES
Creators: name: Rastanawi, Laith
name: Sinn, Rainer
name: Ziegler, Günter M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 52B11 (primary)
subject: 52B05 (secondary)
subject: polytopes
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: Robertson in 1988 suggested a model for the realization space of a convex d-dimensional polytope and an approach via the implicit function theorem, which—in the case of a full rank Jacobian—proves that the realization space is a manifold of dimension NG(𝑃):=𝑑(𝑓0+𝑓𝑑−1)−𝑓0,𝑑−1. This is the natural guess for the dimension given by the number of variables minus the number of quadratic equations that are used in the definition of the realization space. While this indeed holds for many natural classes of polytopes (including simple and simplicial polytopes, as well as all polytopes of dimension at most 3), and Robertson claimed this to be true for all polytopes, Mnëv's (1986/1988) universality theorem implies that it is not true in general. Indeed, (1) the centered realization space is not a smoothly embedded manifold in general, and (2) it does not have the dimension NG(P) in general. In this paper, we develop Jacobian criteria for the analysis of realization spaces. From these we get easily that for various large and natural classes of polytopes, the realization spaces are indeed manifolds, whose dimensions are given by NG(P). However, we also identify the smallest polytopes where the dimension count NG(P) and thus Robertson's claim fails, among them the bipyramid over a triangular prism. For an explicit example with property (1), we analyze the classical 24-cell: We show that the realization space has at least dimension NG(𝐶(24)4)=48, and it has points where it is a manifold of this dimension, but it is not smoothly embedded as a manifold everywhere.
Hydrodynamic Constraints on Ore Formation by Basin-Scale Fluid Flow at Continental Margins: Modelling Zn Metallogenesis in the Devonian Selwyn Basin
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Alejandro
name: Weis, Philipp
name: Magnall, Joseph M.
name: Gleeson, Sarah A.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: ore deposits
subject: sedimentary basins
subject: numerical modeling
subject: CD-type Zn-Pb deposits
subject: Canadian Selwyn Basin
subject: fluid flow
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The clastic-dominant (CD-type) deposits that are contained within sedimentary basins are major resources of Zn, Pb and Ag, but their formation by basin-scale hydrothermal mass and energy transport processes is still poorly understood. Using geological constraints from the Late Devonian Selwyn Basin (Canada), we apply quantitative numerical fluid flow modeling to explore the effect of strata permeability, timing of fault opening and increased heat flow in controlling fluid migration, metal leaching and ore formation during an extensional tectonic event. The results indicate that tapping hot fluids from a confined and permeable aquifer at several km depths by means of permeable normal faults is a key factor for the formation of large Zn-Pb deposits. The hot (282°C) ore-forming fluids are transported to the shallow subsurface shortly after the initiation of a rifting event (within 100 kyr), before the development of extensive basin-scale convection patterns that lead to stronger cooling and a reduction in the capacity of the hydrothermal system to make an economic deposit. Such a hydrothermal event can result in metal endowments comparable to the deposits of the Selwyn Basin.
Corneal sensitivity is required for orientation in free-flying migratory bats
Creators: name: Lindecke, Oliver
name: Holland, Richard A.
name: Pētersons, Gunārs
name: Voigt, Christian C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Animal behaviour
subject: Visual system
subject: Bats
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The exact anatomical location for an iron particle-based magnetic sense remains enigmatic in vertebrates. For mammals, findings from a cornea anaesthesia experiment in mole rats suggest that it carries the primary sensors for magnetoreception. Yet, this has never been tested in a free-ranging mammal. Here, we investigated whether intact corneal sensation is crucial for navigation in migrating Nathusius’ bats, Pipistrellus nathusii, translocated from their migratory corridor. We found that bats treated with corneal anaesthesia in both eyes flew in random directions after translocation and release, contrasting bats with a single eye treated, and the control group, which both oriented in the seasonally appropriate direction. Using a Y-maze test, we confirmed that light detection remained unaffected by topical anaesthesia. Therefore our results suggest the cornea as a possible site of magnetoreception in bats, although other conceivable effects of the anaesthetic are also explored. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the corneal based sense is of bilateral nature but can function in a single eye if necessary.
Eficiência e Estabilidade de um Reator Anaeróbio de Leito Fixo Ordenado no Tratamento de Águas Residuárias Contendo Íons Metálicos
Creators: name: Mockaitis, Gustavo
name: Domingues Rodrigues, José Alberto
name: Zaiat, Marcelo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400410
subject: Wastewater treatment processes

description: São comuns, em processos industriais e de mineração, a presença de íons metálicos nas águas residuárias oriundas desses processos. No entanto, a presença destes íons metálicos figura um grande impacto ambiental na disposição final destas águas residuárias, visto que estas espécies químicas apresentam grande toxicidade. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho mostrou o efeito tóxico do cobre (Cu2+) e do cádmio (Cd2+) em um biorreator anaeróbio de leito fixo ordenado alimentado com água residuária sintética. O sistema operou estável e eficiente em todas as condições experimentais estudadas, com as concentrações de cádmio de 0,40 e 0,97 mg Cd2+ L-1 e de cobre de 0,91, 1,68 e 5,50 mg Cu2+ L-1, além de uma condição controle no qual o reator não foi alimentado com íons metálicos. Embora verificou-se adsorção dos íons metálicos no reator e uma queda na eficiência conforme houve o aumento da concentração de metal no afluente, esta queda na eficiência não foi suficiente para inviabilizar a utilização desta configuração no tratamento de águas residuárias.
Construction of Energy Functions for Lattice Heteropolymer Models: A Case Study in Constraint Satisfaction Programming and Adiabatic Quantum Optimization
Creators: name: Babbush, Ryan
name: Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro
name: O'Gorman, Bryan
name: Macready, William
name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optimization problems associated with the interaction of linked particles are at the heart of polymer science, protein folding and other important problems in the physical sciences. In this review we explain how to recast these problems as constraint satisfaction problems such as linear programming, maximum satisfiability, and pseudo-boolean optimization. By encoding problems this way, one can leverage substantial insight and powerful solvers from the computer science community which studies constraint programming for diverse applications such as logistics, scheduling, artificial intelligence, and circuit design. We demonstrate how to constrain and embed lattice heteropolymer problems using several strategies. Each strikes a unique balance between number of constraints, complexity of constraints, and number of variables. Finally, we show how to reduce the locality of couplings in these energy functions so they can be realized as Hamiltonians on existing quantum annealing machines. We intend that this review be used as a case study for encoding related combinatorial optimization problems in a form suitable for adiabatic quantum optimization.
description: 44 pages, 21 figures
Dietary spermidine improves cognitive function
Creators: name: Schroeder, Sabrina
name: Hofer, Sebastian J.
name: Zimmermann, Andreas
name: Pechlaner, Raimund
name: Dammbrueck, Christopher
name: Pendl, Tobias
name: Marcello, G. Mark
name: Pogatschnigg, Viktoria
name: Bergmann, Martina
name: Sigrist, Stephan J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: decreased cognitive performance
subject: brain aging
subject: dietary spermidine
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Decreased cognitive performance is a hallmark of brain aging, but the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues remain poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed health-protective and lifespan-extending effects of dietary spermidine, a natural autophagy-promoting polyamine. Here, we show that dietary spermidine passes the blood-brain barrier in mice and increases hippocampal eIF5A hypusination and mitochondrial function. Spermidine feeding in aged mice affects behavior in homecage environment tasks, improves spatial learning, and increases hippocampal respiratory competence. In a Drosophila aging model, spermidine boosts mitochondrial respiratory capacity, an effect that requires the autophagy regulator Atg7 and the mitophagy mediators Parkin and Pink1. Neuron-specific Pink1 knockdown abolishes spermidine-induced improvement of olfactory associative learning. This suggests that the maintenance of mitochondrial and autophagic function is essential for enhanced cognition by spermidine feeding. Finally, we show large-scale prospective data linking higher dietary spermidine intake with a reduced risk for cognitive impairment in humans.
Catalog management at CDS
Creators: name: , Gilles
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: VizieR software big data catalog

description: VizieR provides access to the most complete library of published astronomical

catalogues (data tables and associated data) available on line and organized

in a self-documented database (11769 catalogues in november 2013).

The VizieR search engine use indexation based on several criteria which needs

the expertise of scientists and documentalists to ingest each catalog. These

metadata go with an efficient position search engine adapted to big data

(Gaia simulation catalog has more than 2billions of objects)

Informations in VizieR tables are well described, and can be retrieved easily.

The search process gives a good visibility to catalogs with tools and protocols

to disseminate data to the Virtual Observatory and thus to give the scientists

data reusable by dedicated tools (e.g.: image vizualisation tools).

Also, a new functionality allows users to extract all photometric data in catalogs

for a position

Finally, it is also through cross-identification tools that the CDS becomes a

partner of  producing large data sets, such as Gaia.
The function-dominance correlation drives the direction and strength of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships
Creators: name: Crawford, Michael S.
name: Barry, Kathryn E.
name: Clark, Adam T.
name: Farrior, Caroline E.
name: Hines, Jes
name: Ladouceur, Emma
name: Lichstein, Jeremy W.
name: Maréchaux, Isabelle
name: May, Felix
name: Mori, Akira S.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: coexistence
subject: community assembly
subject: function–dominance correlation
subject: model intercomparison
subject: plant diversity
subject: productivity
subject: seed dispersal
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Community composition is a primary determinant of how biodiversity change influences ecosystem functioning and, therefore, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF). We examine the consequences of community composition across six structurally realistic plant community models. We find that a positive correlation between species’ functioning in monoculture versus their dominance in mixture with regard to a specific function (the “function-dominance correlation”) generates a positive relationship between realised diversity and ecosystem functioning across species richness treatments. However, because realised diversity declines when few species dominate, a positive function-dominance correlation generates a negative relationship between realised diversity and ecosystem functioning within species richness treatments. Removing seed inflow strengthens the link between the function–dominance correlation and BEF relationships across species richness treatments but weakens it within them. These results suggest that changes in species’ identities in a local species pool may more strongly affect ecosystem functioning than changes in species richness.
Disentangling Bulk and Interface Phenomena in a Molecularly Doped Polymer Semiconductor
Creators: name: Lungwitz, Dominique
name: Schultz, Thorsten
name: Tait, Claudia E.
name: Behrends, Jan
name: Mohapatra, Swagat K.
name: Barlow, Stephen
name: Marder, Seth R.
name: Opitz, Andreas
name: Koch, Norbert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: conjugated polymers
subject: doping
subject: molecular electron donor
subject: organic semiconductors
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Doping the electron-transport polymer poly{[N,N '-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5 '-(2,2 '-bithiophene)} [P(NDI2OD-T-2)] with the bulky, strongly reducing metallocene 1,2,3,4,1 ',2 ',3 ',4 '-octaphenylrhodocene (OPR) leads to an increased bulk conductivity and a decreased contact resistance. While the former arises from low-level n-doping of the intrinsic polymer and increased carrier mobility due to trap-filling, the latter arises from a pronounced accumulation of dopant molecules at an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. Electron transfer from OPR to ITO leads to a work function reduction, which pins the Fermi level at the P(NDI2OD-T-2) conduction band and thus minimizes the electron injection barrier and the contact resistance. The results demonstrate that disentangling the effects of electrode modification by the dopant and bulk doping is essential to comprehensively understand doped organic semiconductors.
Nicotine delivery and relief of craving after consumption of European JUUL e-cigarettes prior and after pod modification
Creators: name: Mallock, Nadja
name: Rabenstein, Andrea
name: Gernun, Solveig
name: Laux, Peter
name: Hutzler, Christoph
name: Karch, Susanne
name: Koller, Gabriele
name: Henkler-Stephani, Frank
name: Parr, Maria Kristina
name: Luch, Andreas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Addiction
subject: Health policy
subject: Public health
subject: Risk factors
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The emergence of e-cigarettes on the consumer market led to a tremendous rise in e-cigarette consumption among adolescents in the United States. The success of JUUL and other pod systems was linked to its high nicotine delivery capacity. In compliance with the European Tobacco Product directive, liquid nicotine contents in the European JUUL variants are limited to 20 mg/mL or below. A short time after launching the initial version in Europe, JUUL pods have been modified in terms of the wick material used. This modification has been demonstrated previously to lead to an elevated aerosol generation, consequently, to a larger amount of nicotine per puff generated. The present study was designed to assess whether the mentioned differences between the “initial” and “modified” JUUL versions may cause a significant difference during consumption, and how nicotine delivery compares with tobacco cigarettes. In this single-center three-arm study, nicotine pharmacokinetics and influence on urge to smoke/vape were compared for tobacco cigarettes, the “initial” version of the European JUUL, and the “modified” version of the European JUUL. Participants, 15 active smokers and 17 active e-cigarette users, were instructed to consume their study product according to a pre-directed puffing protocol. Venous blood was sampled for nicotine analysis to cover the acute phase and the first 30 min after starting. Nicotine delivery and the reduction of urge to smoke/vape upon usage of both European JUUL variants were lower in comparison to tobacco cigarettes. This suggests a lower addictive potential. Modification of the pod design did not result in significant differences at the first ten puffs, as confirmed by a vaping machine experiment. Apparently, the limitations by the initially used wick material only come into effect after longer usage time.
Hyperon vector form factor from 2+1 flavor lattice QCD
Creators: name: Sasaki, Shoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first result for the hyperon vector form factor f_1 for Xi^0 -> Sigma^+ l bar{nu} and Sigma^- -> n l bar{nu} semileptonic decays from fully dynamical lattice QCD. The calculations are carried out with gauge configurations generated by the RBC and UKQCD collaborations with (2+1)-flavors of dynamical domain-wall fermions and the Iwasaki gauge action at beta=2.13, corresponding to a cutoff 1/a=1.73 GeV. Our results, which are calculated at the lighter three sea quark masses (the lightest pion mass down to approximately 330 MeV), show that a sign of the second-order correction of SU(3) breaking on the hyperon vector coupling f_1(0) is negative. The tendency of the SU(3) breaking correction observed in this work disagrees with predictions of both the latest baryon chiral perturbation theory result and large N_c analysis.
description: 7 pages, 12 figures, v2: typos corrected, and references added, v3: version published in PRD
Identification of compounds responsible for the anthelmintic effects of chicory (Cichorium intybus) by molecular networking and bio-guided fractionation
Creators: name: Valente, Angela H.
name: De Roode, Matthew
name: Ernst, Madeleine
name: Peña-Espinoza, Miguel
name: Bornancin, Louis
name: Bonde, Charlotte S.
name: Martínez-Valladares, María
name: Ramünke, Sabrina
name: Krücken, Jürgen
name: Simonsen, Henrik T.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chicory
subject: Anthelmintic
subject: Parasite
subject: Sesquiterpene lactones
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Increasing resistance towards anthelmintic drugs has necessitated the search for alternative treatments for the control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites. Animals fed on chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), a temperate (pasture) crop, have reduced parasite burdens, hence making C. intybus a potentially useful source for novel anthelmintic compounds or a diet-based preventive/therapeutic option. Here, we utilized in vitro bioassays with the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum and molecular networking techniques with five chicory cultivars to identify putative active compounds. Network analysis predicted sesquiterpene lactones (SL) as the most likely group of anthelmintic compounds. Further bioassay-guided fractionation supported these predictions, and isolation of pure compounds demonstrated that the SL 8-deoxylactucin (8-DOL) is the compound most strongly associated with anti-parasitic activity. Furthermore, we showed that 8-DOL acts in a synergistic combination with other SL to exert the anti-parasitic effects. Finally, we established that chicory-derived extracts also showed activity against two ruminant nematodes (Teladorsagia circumcincta and Cooperia oncophora) in in vitro assays. Collectively, our results confirm the anti-parasitic activity of chicory against a range of nematodes, and pave the way for targeted extraction of active compounds or selective breeding of specific cultivars to optimize its future use in human and veterinary medicine.
Optimal control of buoyancy-driven liquid steel stirring modeled with single-phase Navier–Stokes equations
Creators: name: Wilbrandt, Ulrich
name: Alia, Najib
name: John, Volker
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ladle stirring
subject: Single-phase Navier–Stokes equations
subject: Turbulent incompressible flows
subject: Optimal control of PDEs
subject: Gradient-free optimization
subject: Finite element method
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: Gas stirring is an important process used in secondary metallurgy. It allows to homogenize the temperature and the chemical composition of the liquid steel and to remove inclusions which can be detrimental for the end-product quality. In this process, argon gas is injected from two nozzles at the bottom of the vessel and rises by buoyancy through the liquid steel thereby causing stirring, i.e., a mixing of the bath. The gas flow rates and the positions of the nozzles are two important control parameters in practice. A continuous optimization approach is pursued to find optimal values for these control variables. The effect of the gas appears as a volume force in the single-phase incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Turbulence is modeled with the Smagorinsky Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. An objective functional based on the vorticity is used to describe the mixing in the liquid bath. Optimized configurations are compared with a default one whose design is based on a setup from industrial practice.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption by Plasmon Polaritons in Three-Dimensional Nanoparticle Supercrystals
Creators: name: Mueller, Niclas S.
name: Pfitzner, Emanuel
name: Okamura, Yu
name: Gordeev, Georgy
name: Kusch, Patryk
name: Lange, Holger
name: Heberle, Joachim
name: Schulz, Florian
name: Reich, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: supercrystals
subject: gold nanoparticles
subject: plasmonics
subject: polariton
subject: surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
subject: surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS)
subject: coupled oscillator
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy strongly increases the cross section of Raman scattering and infrared absorption, overcoming the limited sensitivity and resolution of these two powerful analytic tools. While surface-enhanced setups with maximum enhancement have been studied widely in recent years, substrates with reproducible, uniform enhancement have received less attention although they are required in many applications. Here, we show that plasmonic supercrystals are an excellent platform for enhanced spectroscopy because they possess a high density of hotspots in the electric field. We describe the near field inside the supercrystal within the framework of plasmon polaritons that form due to strong light-matter interaction. From the polariton resonances we predict resonances in the far-field enhancement for Raman scattering and infrared absorption. We verify our predictions by measuring the vibrations of polystyrene molecules embedded in supercrystals of gold nanoparticles. The intensity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering is uniform within 10% across the crystal with a peak integrated enhancement of up to 300 and a peak hotspot enhancement of 105. The supercrystal polaritons induce pairs of incoming and outgoing resonances in the enhanced cross section as we demonstrate experimentally by measuring surface-enhanced Raman scattering with multiple laser wavelengths across the polariton resonance. The infrared absorption of polystyrene is likewise enhanced inside the supercrystals with a maximum enhancement of 400%. We show with a coupled oscillator model that the increase originates from the combined effects of hotspot formation and the excitation of standing polariton waves. Our work clearly relates the structural and optical properties of plasmonic supercrystals and shows that such crystals are excellent hosts and substrates for the uniform and predictable enhancement of vibrational spectra.
RETFAL: Real-Time Feedback System in Active Learning
Creators: name: Alnahidh, Mohammed A
name: Li, Alice
name: Soh, Ben
name: AlZain, Mohammed A
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 390102
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy theory and development

description: There are numerous difficulties and challenges faced by teachers in getting real-time feedback from students during lectures in active learning. Three different educational technologies will be investigated in this paper regarding their efficiency and cost effectiveness: (1) Wireless Systems; (2) Tablet Systems; and (3) Audio-Visual Systems. To that end, we propose a new system called Real-Time Feedback in Active Learning system (RETFAL), which is a phone-based application with a view to assist educators in getting real-time feedback. The RETFAL system is implemented on the Android Studio platform using the Java programming language. We validate our RETFAL system using usability testing via an online survey and a face-to-face survey. Finally, we do a comparative study involving the RETFAL system and the LearnStar system in terms of effectiveness and performance. We find that our proposed RETFAL system performs better than the LearnStar system in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness with regard to real-time feedback. With RETFAL, we anticipate the performance of students can be improved with effective real-time feedback in active learning.
Productivity Of Indian Telescopes: Impact Analysis Through Scientometric Methods
Creators: name: B M Meera
name: M Manjunath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Productivity analysis
Impact analysis
Indian Telescopes

description: This paper aims to study the productivity of modern Indian telescopes installed after India attained independence from colonial rule.  Productivity measure is the number of papers published from 14 telescopes under study.  Astronomical data observed through these telescopes gets transformed into research papers. Such papers further get used by their peers and get cited. This is the actual impact of the telescopes in terms of scholarship. This aspect will be analyzed in this paper using scientometric indicators.