Syneches plaumanni Soares & Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Soares, Matheus M. M.
name: Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P.
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Syneches
Syneches plaumanni

description: Syneches plaumanni sp. nov.
(Figs 34A–E, 35A–E, 53)
Diagnosis. Medium size (4.8 mm) (Fig. 34A). Antenna brown, except apex of pedicel and base of postpedicel pale brown; palpifer brown; palpus yellow (Fig. 34C). Scutum rounded, as broad as mesopleuron in lateral view, dark brown (Fig. 34B). Legs long and slender; fore and mid tarsomeres 3–5, hind tibia and tarsus brown, hind femur brown except base and pre-apical ring dark yellow, otherwise yellow (Figs 34A, D). Wing sub-hyaline, pale brown; pterostigma oval, brown, about 4 x longer than wide, extended from apex of R 1 and not filling apex of cell r 1; second section of M 1 2 x longer than crossvein r-m (Fig. 34E).
Description. Holotype male (Fig. 34A). Body length: 4.8 mm. Wing length: 4.4 mm. Head (Fig. 34C). Ocellar triangle protuberant, covered with gray pruinescence; 2 pairs of ocellar bristles, anterior pair about 2 x longer than posterior one. Face wide, black, covered with gray pruinescence. Antenna brown, except apex of pedicel and base of postpedicel pale brown; postpedicel short oval, about 1.4 x longer than wide, as long as preceding segments combined, covered with concolorous pruinescence, 1 long mediodorsal bristle about 2 x longer than postpedicel; antennal stylus brown, about 4 x longer than preceding segments combined, short pubescent, except apical 1/4 bare. Proboscis and palpus yellow; palpifer brown; palpus short, about 1/3 length of proboscis, covered with golden pruinescence, with 2 bristles longer than palpus (1 medioventral and 1 apical), and 2V shorter bristles on basal half. Postcranium black, covered with gray pruinescence. Thorax (Fig. 34B). Proepisternum short; prosternum isolated, not fused to proepisternum. Pronotum pale brown, covered with golden pruinescence. Scutum rounded, as broad as mesopleuron in lateral view; brown, with posterior margin of pprn lb and pal cal pale yellow, covered with golden pruinescence except prescutellar disc covered with gray pruinescence. Scutellum pale brown, except anterior margin pale yellow, gray pruinescent. Pleura pale brown. Mediotergite concolorous with scutum. Chaetotaxy: acr 6-serial, dc uniserial, bristles short and sparse; prescutellar disc with 2 acr and 2 dc long bristles, posterior acr and posterior dc longest and curved apically; 2 npl long and strong bristles, close to each other; 2 pal bristles (anterior short and thin, posterior stronger, about 4 x longer than anterior one); scutellum with 9 marginal bristles (1 right apical converging with lateral, 1 long, strong and divergent subapical, about 2 x longer than apical, and 3 lateral bristles similar to apical). Legs (Figs 34A, D). Long and slender, femora not swollen. Legs with fore and mid tarsomeres 3–5, hind tibia and hind tarsus brown, hind femur brown except base and pre-apical ring dark yellow, otherwise yellow. Chaetotaxy: fore tibia with 1D series of bristles slightly longer than covering ones, 1D subapical longer than anterior ones; mid femur with 1AV and 1PV series of long and sparse bristles, shortening toward femur apex; mid tibia with 3 long bristles, shorter than mid tarsomere 1 (1D on basal half, 1V on mid-length, 1PV subapical) and 4 shorter bristles (1PV on mid-length, 1D, 1AV, and 1V subapical); hind femur with 4AV long, thin and sparse bristles; hind tibia with 2D long bristles (1 on mid-length, 1 subapical), 1AD long and 1PV strong subapical. Wing (Fig. 34E). Sub-hyaline, pale brown; pterostigma oval, brown, about 4 x longer than wide, extended from apex of R 1, ending near apex of cell r 1; R 2+3 slightly angulate near apex; second section of M 1 2 x longer than crossvein r-m; cell bm slightly longer than cells br and cua. Halter dark brown, except base of stem yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 34A). About 2.5 x longer than thorax; brown, covered with reddish brown pruinescence; dorsal bristles brown and shorter, laterodorsal bristles yellow and longer. Male terminalia (Paratype, type-locality, Figs 35A–C). Distal margin of hypandrium with wide rectangular subapical protuberance projecting distally, bearing pair of long median apical bristles as long as exposed part of phallus. Phallus robust and short, bifid apically with divergent lateral branches bearing short outer lateral projection at apex, lateral flap long and pointing to base. Postgonite long, sinuous, strongly sclerotized, wide near base, narrowing towards apex, longer than exposed part of phallus. Dorsal connection of epandrial lamellae wide. Epandrial lamella wide on lateral view, narrowing suddenly on apical third, with narrow apicodorsal projection.
Female. Similar to male, except notopleuron pale brown and pleura reddish brown. Female terminalia (Figs 35D, E). Tergite 8 rectangular, about 2 x longer than wide, distal margin slightly concave, lateral bristles long; sternite 8 long and slender, about 3 x longer than wide, narrower on proximal half and membranous on central portion in proximal 4/5, distal margin with long bristles; cercus long and strong, about as long as sternite 10.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (MZUSP) labelled: “Brasilien, [Brazil, Santa Catarina, Seara] Nova Teutônia, 27°11′B.52°23′L, Fritz Plaumann, xi.1970, 300– 500 m ” “ HOLOTYPE, Syneches plaumanni Soares, Freitas-Silva & Ale-Rocha ” [red label]. Holotype condition: good; not dissected. PARATYPES. Same data as holotype (3 ♂, 8 ♀, MZUSP; 4 ♂, 2 ♀, INPA; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, DZUP; 1 ♂, CAS); idem, xi.1971 (1 ♂, MZUSP; 1 ♂, INPA; 1 ♂, CNC; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, CAS; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, NHMUK; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, NMNH).
Distribution. Brazil (Santa Catarina) (Fig. 53). Syneches plaumanni sp. nov. is known to occur only in the Atlantic Forest biome.
Variation. Some specimens have the antennae dark brown, scutellum with four lateral bristles and the hind femur may vary, bearing 4–6 AV bristles.
Remarks. Syneches plaumanni sp. nov. is similar to S. exilis, but in the former the palpus is yellow, mid tibia lacks bristles longer than mid tarsomere 1 and the distal margin of the hypandrium has a wide, rectangular subapical protuberance, projecting distally (see also “Remarks” under S. exilis).
Etymology. This species is named after Fritz Plaumann (in memoriam), he was an enthusiastic entomologist, who collected all the specimens of the type series of this species.
description: Published as part of Soares, Matheus M. M., Freitas-Silva, Rafael A. P. & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2021, Review of Brazilian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), with description of ten new species, pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 5049 (1) on pages 52-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5049.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5560580