cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ESC and KAIT Observations of the Transitional Type Ia SN 2004eo
Creators: name: Pastorello, A.
name: Mazzali, P. A.
name: Pignata, G.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Cappellaro, E.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Li, W.
name: Meikle, W. P. S.
name: Arkharov, A. A.
name: Blanc, G.
name: Bufano, F.
name: Derekas, A.
name: Dolci, M.
name: Elias-Rosa, N.
name: Foley, R. J.
name: Ganeshalingam, M.
name: Harutyunyan, A.
name: Kiss, L. L.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Larionov, V. M.
name: Lucey, J. R.
name: Napoleone, N.
name: Navasardyan, H.
name: Patat, F.
name: Rich, J.
name: Ryder, S. D.
name: Salvo, M.
name: Schmidt, B. P.
name: Stanishev, V.
name: Szekely, P.
name: Taubenberger, S.
name: Temporin, S.
name: Turatto, M.
name: Hillebrandt, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical and infrared observations of the unusual Type Ia supernova (SN) 2004eo. The light curves and spectra closely resemble those of the prototypical SN 1992A, and the luminosity at maximum (M_B = -19.08) is close to the average for a SN Ia. However, the ejected 56Ni mass derived by modelling the bolometric light curve (about 0.45 solar masses) lies near the lower limit of the 56Ni mass distribution observed in normal SNe Ia. Accordingly, SN 2004eo shows a relatively rapid post-maximum decline in the light curve (Delta m_(B) = 1.46), small expansion velocities in the ejecta, and a depth ratio Si II 5972 / Si II 6355 similar to that of SN 1992A. The physical properties of SN 2004eo cause it to fall very close to the boundary between the faint, low velocity gradient, and high velocity gradient subgroups proposed by Benetti et al. (2005). Similar behaviour is seen in a few other SNe Ia. Thus, there may in fact exist a few SNe Ia with intermediate physical properties.
description: 28 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Solution generating theorems for perfect fluid spheres
Creators: name: Boonserm, Petarpa
name: Visser, Matt
name: Weinfurtner, Silke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first static spherically symmetric perfect fluid solution with constant density was found by Schwarzschild in 1918. Generically, perfect fluid spheres are interesting because they are first approximations to any attempt at building a realistic model for a general relativistic star. Over the past 90 years a confusing tangle of specific perfect fluid spheres has been discovered, with most of these examples seemingly independent from each other. To bring some order to this collection, we develop several new transformation theorems that map perfect fluid spheres into perfect fluid spheres. These transformation theorems sometimes lead to unexpected connections between previously known perfect fluid spheres, sometimes lead to new previously unknown perfect fluid spheres, and in general can be used to develop a systematic way of classifying the set of all perfect fluid spheres. In addition, we develop new ``solution generating'' theorems for the TOV, whereby any given solution can be ``deformed'' to a new solution. Because these TOV-based theorems work directly in terms of the pressure profile and density profile it is relatively easy to impose regularity conditions at the centre of the fluid sphere.
description: 8 pages, no figures, to appear in the proceedings of the NEB XII Conference (Recent Developments in Gravity), 29 June - 2 July, 2006, Napflio, Greece
Theoretical Study on Recognition of Icy Road Surface Condition by Low-THz Frequencies
Creators: name: Meng, Xiangzhu
name: Li, Peian
name: Hu, Yuning
name: Song, Fei
name: Ma, Jianjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recognition of road surface conditions should always be at the forefront of intelligent transportation systems for the enhancement of transportation safety and efficiency. When road surfaces are covered by ice or snow, accident rate would increase due to the reduction of road surface roughness and also friction between tire and road. High-resolution recognition of natural and manmade surfaces has been proved to be achievable by employing radars operating at low-terahertz frequencies. In this work, we present theoretical investigations on surface condition recognition of an icy road by employing low-terahertz frequencies. A theoretical model combining integral equation method (IEM), radiative transfer equation (RTE) and Rayleigh scattering theory is developed. Good agreement between the calculation results and measured data confirms the applicability of low-terahertz frequencies for the evaluation of icy road surface in winter. The influence of carrier frequency, ambient temperature, impurities inside the ice layer and frozen soil surface conditions on the efficiency of this method is presented and discussed.
On the scaling properties of (2+1) directed polymers in the high temperature limit
Creators: name: Dotsenko, Victor
name: Klumov, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper in terms of the replica method we consider the high temperature limit of (2+1) directed polymers in a random potential and propose an approach which allows to compute the scaling exponent $θ$ of the free energy fluctuations as well as the left tail of its probability distribution function. It is argued that $θ= 1/2$ which is different from the zero-temperature numerical value which is close to 0.241. This result implies that unlike the $(1+1)$ system in the two-dimensional case the free energy scaling exponent is non-universal being temperature dependent.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 5 of Inflammatory, synaptic, motor, and behavioral alterations induced by gestational sepsis on the offspring at different stages of life
Creators: name: Granja, Marcelo Gomes
name: Alves, Letícia Pires
name: Leardini-Tristão, Marina
name: Saul, Michelle Edelman
name: Bortoni, Letícia Coelho
name: Moraes, Flávia Maciel De
name: Ferreira, Erica Camila
name: Moraes, Bianca Portugal Tavares De
name: Victória Zerboni Da Silva
name: Adrielle Ferreira Ribeiro Dos Santos
name: Silva, Adriana Ribeiro
name: Gonçalves-De-Albuquerque, Cassiano Felippe
name: Bambini-Junior, Victorio
name: Weyrich, Andrew S.
name: Rondina, Matthew T.
name: Zimmerman, Guy A.
name: Castro-Faria-Neto, Hugo Caire De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 5. Effects of gestational sepsis in young and adult offspring anxiety-like behavior of P30 and P60. (A-B) The elevated plus maze data were measured and compared of P30 offspring by the time spent in open arms (A) and total number of entries into open arms (B). Each point is the mean +/- SEM n= 9-12. (C-D) Elevated plus maze of P60 offspring analyzed by the time spent in open arms (C) and total number of entries into open arms (D). Each point is the mean +/- SEM n= 9-12. (E-J) The light/dark box test exposed the P30 offspring (E-J) and P60 (H-J) offspring to an aversive ambient (lit compartment) and evaluate the time spent on lit compartment (E, H), number of entrances on the lit compartment (F, I), and time spent in transitions between the lit and dark compartments (G, J). Each bar is the mean +/- SEM from n= 9-12 * p<0.05 comparing saline to sepsis.
How can gravitational-wave standard sirens and 21 cm intensity mapping jointly provide a precise late-universe cosmological probe?
Creators: name: Jin, Shang-Jie
name: Wang, Ling-Feng
name: Wu, Peng-Ju
name: Zhang, Jing-Fei
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the next decades, the gravitational-wave (GW) standard siren observations and the neutral hydrogen 21-cm intensity mapping (IM) surveys, as two promising cosmological probes, will play an important role in precisely measuring cosmological parameters. In this work, we make a forecast for cosmological parameter estimation with the synergy between the GW standard siren observations and the 21-cm IM surveys. We choose the Einstein Telescope (ET) and the Taiji observatory as the representatives of the GW detection projects and choose the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) phase I mid-frequency array as the representative of the 21-cm IM experiments. In the simulation of the 21-cm IM data, we assume perfect foreground removal and calibration. We find that the synergy of the GW standard siren observations and the 21-cm IM survey could break the cosmological parameter degeneracies. The joint ET+Taiji+SKA data give $σ(H_0)=0.28\ {\rm km\ s^{-1}\ Mpc^{-1}}$ in the $Λ$CDM model, $σ(w)=0.028$ in the $w$CDM model, which are better than the results of $Planck$+BAO+SNe, and $σ(w_0)=0.077$ and $σ(w_a)=0.295$ in the CPL model, which are comparable with the results of $Planck$+BAO+SNe. In the $Λ$CDM model, the constraint precision of $H_0$ and $Ω_{\rm m}$ is less than or rather close to 1%, indicating that the magnificent prospects for precision cosmology with these two promising cosmological probes are worth expecting.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
ESC observations of SN 2005cf. I. Photometric Evolution of a Normal Type Ia Supernova
Creators: name: Pastorello, A.
name: Taubenberger, S.
name: Elias-Rosa, N.
name: Mazzali, P. A.
name: Pignata, G.
name: Cappellaro, E.
name: Garavini, G.
name: Nobili, S.
name: Anupama, G. C.
name: Bayliss, D. D. R.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Bufano, F.
name: Chakradhari, N. K.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Goobar, A.
name: Navasardyan, H.
name: Patat, F.
name: Sahu, D. K.
name: Salvo, M.
name: Schmidt, B. P.
name: Stanishev, V.
name: Turatto, M.
name: Hillebrandt, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present early-time optical and near-infrared photometry of supernova (SN) 2005cf. The observations, spanning a period from about 12 days before to 3 months after maximum, have been obtained through the coordination of observational efforts of various nodes of the European Supernova Collaboration and including data obtained at the 2m Himalayan Chandra Telescope. From the observed light curve we deduce that SN 2005cf is a fairly typical SN Ia with a post-maximum decline (Delta m_15(B) = 1.12) close to the average value and a normal luminosity of M_B,max = -19.39+/-0.33. Models of the bolometric light curve suggest a synthesised 56Ni mass of about 0.7 solar masses. The negligible host galaxy interstellar extinction and its proximity make SN 2005cf a good Type Ia supernova template.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, MNRAS, in press
Decision Power of Weak Asynchronous Models of Distributed Computing
Creators: name: Czerner, Philipp
name: Guttenberg, Roland
name: Helfrich, Martin
name: Esparza, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Esparza and Reiter have recently conducted a systematic comparative study of models of distributed computing consisting of a network of identical finite-state automata that cooperate to decide if the underlying graph of the network satisfies a given property. The study classifies models according to four criteria, and shows that twenty initially possible combinations collapse into seven equivalence classes with respect to their decision power, i.e. the properties that the automata of each class can decide. However, Esparza and Reiter only show (proper) inclusions between the classes, and so do not characterise their decision power. In this paper we do so for labelling properties, i.e. properties that depend only on the labels of the nodes, but not on the structure of the graph. In particular, majority (whether more nodes carry label $a$ than $b$) is a labelling property. Our results show that only one of the seven equivalence classes identified by Esparza and Reiter can decide majority for arbitrary networks. We then study the expressive power of the classes on bounded-degree networks, and show that three classes can. In particular, we present an algorithm for majority that works for all bounded-degree networks under adversarial schedulers, i.e. even if the scheduler must only satisfy that every node makes a move infinitely often, and prove that no such algorithm can work for arbitrary networks.
description: Various minor revisions
The EMU view of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Troubles for sub-TeV WIMPs
Creators: name: Regis, Marco
name: Reynoso-Cordova, Javier
name: Filipović, Miroslav D.
name: Brüggen, Marcus
name: Carretti, Ettore
name: Collier, Jordan
name: Hopkins, Andrew M.
name: Lenc, Emil
name: Maio, Umberto
name: Marvil, Joshua R.
name: Norris, Ray P.
name: Vernstrom, Tessa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a radio search for WIMP dark matter in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We make use of a recent deep image of the LMC obtained from observations of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), and processed as part of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) survey. LMC is an extremely promising target for WIMP searches at radio frequencies because of the large J-factor and the presence of a substantial magnetic field. We detect no evidence for emission arising from WIMP annihilations and derive stringent bounds on the annihilation rate as a function of the WIMP mass, for different annihilation channels. This work excludes the thermal cross section for masses below 480 GeV and annihilation into quarks.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures. v2: presentation improved, discussion expanded, accepted for publication in JCAP
Additional file 1 of A geospatiotemporal and causal inference epidemiological exploration of substance and cannabinoid exposure as drivers of rising US pediatric cancer rates
Creators: name: Reece, Albert Stuart
name: Hulse, Gary Kenneth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure S1. Selected and Major Paediatric Cancer Rates Over Time.
Can universe exit from phantom inflation due to gravitational back reaction?
Creators: name: Wu, Puxun
name: Yu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of the gravitational back reaction of cosmological perturbations are investigated in a phantom inflation model. The effective energy-momentum tensor of the gravitational back reaction of cosmological perturbations whose wavelengths are larger than the Hubble radius is calculated. Our results show that the effects of gravitational back reaction will counteract that of the phantom energy. It is demonstrated in a chaotic phantom inflation model that if the phantom field at the end of inflation is larger than a critical value determined by the necessary e-folds, the phantom inflation phase might be terminated by the gravitational back reaction.
description: 9 pages, Revtex4, to appear in JCAP
Το παιχνίδι στις θεραπείες με μικρά παιδιά
Creators: name: Πανταζούδης, Πανταζής Χρήστου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Παιχνίδι
Ψυχοθεραπεία
Παιδιά
Play
Psychotherapy
Children

description: Many studies have highlighted the significance of play for human’s cognitive, emotional and social development. Play therapy can be divided into two basic types: non-directive and directive. Non-directive play therapy is a non-intrusive method in which children are encouraged to work toward their own solutions to problems through play. In contrast, directive play therapy is a method that includes more structure and guidance by the therapist as children work through emotional and behavioral difficulties through play. The aim of this dissertation was to give prominence to the way that play can be used in a non-directive child therapy. Literature review shows that play is the basic way for a little child to be expressed. The way that play can be further used depends on therapist’s scientific approach. To investigate the clinical applications of non-directive play, we presented four clinical cases of little children, who were evaluated in a psychiatric setting. We concluded that play might be useful in differential diagnosis and in case conceptualization. In one case, play was utilized as a therapeutic tool.
description: Η σημασία του παιχνιδιού για τη γνωστική, συναισθηματική και κοινωνική ανάπτυξη του ανθρώπου έχει επισημανθεί διεπιστημονικά από πληθώρα μελετών. Στο χώρο της ψυχοθεραπείας μικρών παιδιών, το παιχνίδι δύναται να χρησιμοποιηθεί τόσο κατευθυντικά, όπου ο θεραπευτής αναλαμβάνει ενεργό ρόλο καθοδήγησης κι ερμηνείας, όσο και μη κατευθυντικά. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας ήταν να αναδειχθεί ο τρόπος που το παιχνίδι μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί μη κατευθυντικά κατά την παροχή βοήθειας σε ένα μικρό παιδί από ειδικούς ψυχικής υγείας. Διενεργήθηκε βιβλιογραφική αναζήτηση και ιστορική καταγραφή των τρόπων χρήσης του παιχνιδιού από τους κλασικούς θεραπευτές μικρών παιδιών. Βασικό συμπέρασμα της ανασκόπησης ήταν ότι το παιχνίδι συνιστά βασικό τρόπο αυτοέκφρασης του μικρού παιδιού και γενικότερο επικοινωνιακό μέσο μεταξύ του θεραπευτή και θεραπευόμενου. Οι διαφορές στην περαιτέρω αξιοποίηση του μέσω του παιχνιδιού προερχόμενου ενδοψυχικού υλικού του μικρού παιδιού, οφείλονται στους διαφορετικούς θεωρητικούς προσανατολισμούς αναφορικά με την ανάπτυξη της ανθρώπινης προσωπικότητας και ψυχοπαθολογίας. Παράλληλα, παρουσιάστηκαν τέσσερις κλινικές περιπτώσεις μικρών παιδιών, που υποβλήθηκαν σε παιδοψυχιατρική εξέταση σε δημόσιο Νοσοκομείο της Βόρειας Ελλάδας. Αναδείχτηκε η χρησιμότητα του παιχνιδιού στη διαφοροδιαγνωστική διαδικασία και στη διατύπωση ερμηνευτικών υποθέσεων, ώστε στη συνέχεια να σχεδιαστεί το κατάλληλο θεραπευτικό πλάνο. Σε μία περίπτωση, το παιχνίδι χρησιμοποιήθηκε και ως θεραπευτικό μέσο.
Complete analysis of all $B\to πK$ decays
Creators: name: Kundu, Anirban
name: Patra, Sunando Kumar
name: Roy, Shibasis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model (SM) predicts that $ΔA_{\rm CP}$, the difference between the direct CP asymmetries for the modes $B^+\to π^0 K^+$ and $B^0\to π^- K^+$ that are related by weak isospin, should be close to zero. There has been a recent claim by the LHCb Collaboration that the measured value of $ΔA_{\rm CP}$ shows an uncomfortable tension with the SM prediction, almost at the $8σ$ level. Motivated by this claim, we critically re-examine the data on all the $B\to πK$ modes, including the CP asymmetries and CP-averaged branching fractions. From a combined Bayesian analysis with the topological amplitudes and their phases as the free parameters, we find that the best-fit region has a large overlap with the parameter space favoured in the SM, albeit with some enhancement for the electroweak penguin and the colour-suppressed tree amplitudes, consistent with the findings of earlier studies. We find that in this SM-like region, $ΔA_{\rm CP}$ is more than 5$σ$ away from zero and the tension with the global average, as well as the LHCb result, is within $2σ$. Thus we conclude that there is not yet enough motivation to go beyond the SM.
description: 31 pages, 7 captioned figures. Analysis modified from v1. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
UniverseMachine: Predicting Galaxy Star Formation over Seven Decades of Halo Mass with Zoom-in Simulations
Creators: name: Wang, Yunchong
name: Nadler, Ethan O.
name: Mao, Yao-Yuan
name: Adhikari, Susmita
name: Wechsler, Risa H.
name: Behroozi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the empirical galaxy--halo connection model UniverseMachine to dark matter-only zoom-in simulations of isolated Milky Way (MW)--mass halos along with their parent cosmological simulations. This application extends \textsc{UniverseMachine} predictions into the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy regime ($ 10^{2}\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}} \leqslant M_{\ast} \leqslant 10^{5}\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$) and yields a well-resolved stellar mass--halo mass (SMHM) relation over the peak halo mass range $10^8\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ to $10^{15}\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$. The extensive dynamic range provided by the zoom-in simulations allows us to assess specific aspects of dwarf galaxy evolution predicted by \textsc{UniverseMachine}. In particular, although UniverseMachine is not constrained for dwarf galaxies with $M_* \lesssim 10^{8}\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$, our predicted SMHM relation is consistent with that inferred for MW satellite galaxies at $z=0$ using abundance matching. However, UniverseMachine predicts that nearly all galaxies are actively star forming below $M_{\ast}\sim 10^{7}\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$ and that these systems typically form more than half of their stars at $z\lesssim 4$, which is discrepant with the star formation histories of Local Group dwarf galaxies that favor early quenching. This indicates that the current UniverseMachine model does not fully capture galaxy quenching physics at the low-mass end. We highlight specific improvements necessary to incorporate environmental and reionization-driven quenching for dwarf galaxies, and provide a new tool to connect dark matter accretion to star formation over the full dynamic range that hosts galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 21 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Minor edits to v1. Added discussion of reionization contribution of ultra-faint dwarfs in sections 4.4 and 5
On SUGRA description of boost-invariant conformal plasma at strong coupling
Creators: name: Buchel, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study string theory duals of the expanding boost invariant conformal gauge theory plasmas at strong coupling. The dual supergravity background is constructed as an asymptotic late-time expansion, corresponding to equilibration of the gauge theory plasma. The absence of curvature singularities in the first few orders of the late-time expansion of the dual gravitational background unambiguously determines the equilibrium equation of the state, and the shear viscosity of the gauge theory plasma. While the absence of the leading pole singularities in the gravitational curvature invariants at the third order in late-time expansion determines the relaxation time of the plasma, the subleading logarithmic singularity can not be canceled within a supergravity approximation. We comment on the possible interpretations of this singularity.
description: 10 pages, presented at "Ten Years of AdS/CFT", December 19-21, 2007
Large mass rigidity for a liquid drop model in 2D with kernels of finite moments
Creators: name: Merlet, Benoit
name: Pegon, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 28A75, 49Q05, 49Q10, 49Q20, 52A10

description: Motivated by Gamow's liquid drop model in the large mass regime, we consider an isoperimetric problem in which the standard perimeter $P(E)$ is replaced by $P(E)-γP_\varepsilon(E)$, with $00$ small enough. More precisely, we first show that in dimension $2$, minimizers are necessarily convex, provided that $\varepsilon$ is small enough. In turn, this implies that minimizers have nearly circular boundaries, that is, their boundary is a small Lipschitz perturbation of the circle. Then, using a Fuglede-type argument, we prove that (in arbitrary dimension $n\geq 2$) the unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^n$ is the unique unit-volume minimizer of the problem among centered nearly spherical sets. As a consequence, up to translations, the unit disk is the unique minimizer. This isoperimetric problem is equivalent to a generalization of the liquid drop model for the atomic nucleus introduced by Gamow, where the nonlocal repulsive potential is given by a radial, sufficiently integrable kernel. In that formulation, our main result states that if the first moment of the kernel is smaller than an explicit threshold, there exists a critical mass $m_0$ such that for any $m>m_0$, the disk is the unique minimizer of area $m$ up to translations. This is in sharp contrast with the usual case of Riesz kernels, where the problem does not admit minimizers above a critical mass.
description: Final accepted version
Three Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations with 160 Isotopic Species Evolved to Shock Breakout
Creators: name: Sandoval, Michael A.
name: Hix, W. Raphael
name: Messer, O. E. Bronson
name: Lentz, Eric J.
name: Harris, J. Austin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present three-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae using the FLASH code that follow the progression of the explosion to the stellar surface, starting from neutrino-radiation hydrodynamic simulations of the neutrino-driven phase performed with the CHIMERA code. We consider a 9.6-$M_{\odot}$ zero-metallicity progenitor starting from both 2D and 3D CHIMERA models, and a 10-$M_{\odot}$ solar-metallicity progenitor starting from a 2D CHIMERA model, all simulated until shock breakout in 3D while tracking 160 nuclear species. The relative velocity difference between the supernova shock and the metal-rich Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) "bullets" determines how the metal-rich ejecta evolves as it propagates through the density profile of the progenitor and dictates the final morphology of the explosion. We find maximum $^{56}\rm{Ni}$ velocities of ${\sim} 1950~\rm{km~s}^{-1}$ and ${\sim} 1750~\rm{km~s}^{-1}$ at shock breakout from 2D and 3D 9.6-$M_{\odot}$ CHIMERA models, respectively, due to the bullets' ability to penetrate the He/H shell. When mapping from 2D, we find that the development of higher velocity structures is suppressed when the 2D CHIMERA model and 3D FLASH model meshes are aligned. The development of faster growing spherical-bubble structures, as opposed to the slower growing toroidal structure imposed by axisymmetry, allows for interaction of the bullets with the shock and seeds further R-T instabilities at the He/H interface. We see similar effects in the 10-$M_{\odot}$ model, which achieves maximum $^{56}\rm{Ni}$ velocities of ${\sim} 2500~\rm{km~s}^{-1}$ at shock breakout.
description: 31 pages, 23 figures, published in ApJ
Additional file 2 of A geospatiotemporal and causal inference epidemiological exploration of substance and cannabinoid exposure as drivers of rising US pediatric cancer rates
Creators: name: Reece, Albert Stuart
name: Hulse, Gary Kenneth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table S1. Cannabis Quintile Data
Weak antilocalization in epitaxial graphene: evidence for chiral electrons
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaosong
name: Li, Xuebin
name: Song, Zhimin
name: Berger, Claire
name: de Heer, Walt A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport in ultrathin graphite grown on silicon carbide is dominated by the electron-doped epitaxial layer at the interface. Weak anti-localization in 2D samples manifests itself as a broad cusp-like depression in the longitudinal resistance for magnetic fields 10 mT$< B
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Minor changes
Investigations of the linear and non-linear flow harmonics using the A Multi-Phase Transport model
Creators: name: Magdy, Niseem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Multi-Phase Transport model (AMPT) is used to study the effects of the parton-scattering cross-sections ($σ_{pp}$) and hadronic re-scattering on the linear contributions to the flow harmonic $\textit{v}_{4}$, the non-linear response coefficients, and the correlations between different order flow symmetry planes in Au+Au collisions at 200~GeV. The model results, which agree with current experimental measurements, indicate that the higher-order flow harmonics are sensitive to the $σ_{pp}$ variations. However, the non-linear response coefficients and the correlations between different order flow symmetry planes are $σ_{pp}$ independent. These results suggest that further detailed experimental measurements which span a broad range of collision systems and beam energies could serve as an additional constraint for the theoretical models' calculations.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Neutrino Oscillation Effects on Supernova Light Element Synthesis
Creators: name: Yoshida, T.
name: Kajino, T.
name: Yokomakura, H.
name: Kimura, K.
name: Takamura, A.
name: Hartmann, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino oscillations affect light element synthesis through the neutrino-process in supernova explosions. The 7Li and 11B yields produced in a supernova explosion of a 16.2 solar-mass star model increase by factors of 1.9 and 1.3 in the case of large mixing angle solution with normal mass hierarchy and sin^{2}2theta_{13} > 0.002 compared with those without the oscillations. In the case of inverted mass hierarchy or nonadiabatic 13-mixing resonance, the increment of their yields is much smaller. Neutrino oscillations raise the reaction rates of charged-current neutrino-process reactions in the region outside oxygen-rich layers. The number ratio of 7Li/11B could be a tracer of normal mass hierarchy and relatively large theta_{13}, still satisfying sin^{2}2theta_{13} < 0.1, through future precise observations in stars having strong supernova component.
description: 35 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Fully General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Accretion Flows onto Spinning Massive Black Hole Binary Mergers
Creators: name: Cattorini, Federico
name: Giacomazzo, Bruno
name: Haardt, Francesco
name: Colpi, Monica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the first suite of fully general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of spinning massive black hole binary mergers. We consider binary black holes with spins of different magnitudes aligned to the orbital angular momentum, which are immersed in a hot, magnetized gas cloud. We investigate the effect of the spin and degree of magnetization (defined through the fluid parameter $β^{-1}\equiv p_{\mathrm{mag}}/p_{\mathrm{fluid}}$) on the properties of the accretion flow. We find that magnetized accretion flows are characterized by more turbulent dynamics, as the magnetic field lines are twisted and compressed during the late inspiral. Post-merger, the polar regions around the spin axis of the remnant Kerr black hole are magnetically dominated, and the magnetic field strength is increased by a factor $\sim$10$^2$ (independently from the initial value of $β^{-1}$). The magnetized gas in the equatorial plane acquires higher angular momentum, and settles in a thin circular structure around the black hole. We find that mass accretion rates of magnetized configurations are generally smaller than in the unmagnetized cases by up to a factor $\sim$3. Black hole spins have also a suppressing effect on the accretion rate, as large as $\sim$48\%. As a potential driver for electromagnetic emission we follow the evolution of the Poynting luminosity, which increases after merger up to a factor $\sim2$ with increasing spin, regardless of the initial level of magnetization of the fluid. Our results stress the importance of taking into account both spins and magnetic fields when studying accretion processes onto merging massive black holes.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Frequency- and transverse wave-vector-dependent spin Hall conductivity in two-dimensional electron gas with disorder
Creators: name: Mandal, Sudhansu S.
name: Sensharma, Ankur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine wave number $q$ and frequency $ω$ dependent spin Hall conductivity $σ_{yx}^s(q, ω)$ for a disordered two dimensional electron system with Rashba spin orbit interaction when $\q$ is {\it transverse} to the electric field. Both the conventional definition of spin current and its new definition which takes care of the conservation of spins, have been considered. The spin Hall conductivitivities for both of these definitions are qualitatively similar. $σ_{yx}^s(q, ω)$ is zero at $q=0, ω=0$ and is maximum at $q=0$ and at small but finite $ω$ whose value depends on different parameters of the system. Interestingly for $ω\to 0$, $σ_{yx}^s(q)$ resonates when $Λ\simeq L_{so}$ which are the wavelength $(Λ= 2π/q)$ of the electric field's spatial variation and the length for one cycle of spin precession respectively. The sign of the out-of-plane component of the electrons' spin flips when the sign of electric field changes due to its spatial variation along transverse direction. It changes the mode of spin precession from clockwise to anti-clockwise or {\it vice versa} and consequently a finite spin Hall current flows in the bulk of the system.
description: 6 pages; 6 figures; major changes including the title
Panoramic annular SLAM with loop closure and global optimization
Creators: name: Chen, Hao
name: Hu, Weijian
name: Yang, Kailun
name: Bai, Jian
name: Wang, Kaiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we propose panoramic annular simultaneous localization and mapping (PA-SLAM), a visual SLAM system based on panoramic annular lens. A hybrid point selection strategy is put forward in the tracking front-end, which ensures repeatability of keypoints and enables loop closure detection based on the bag-of-words approach. Every detected loop candidate is verified geometrically and the $Sim(3)$ relative pose constraint is estimated to perform pose graph optimization and global bundle adjustment in the back-end. A comprehensive set of experiments on real-world datasets demonstrates that the hybrid point selection strategy allows reliable loop closure detection, and the accumulated error and scale drift have been significantly reduced via global optimization, enabling PA-SLAM to reach state-of-the-art accuracy while maintaining high robustness and efficiency.
description: Accepted to Applied Optics. 12 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables
Χρήση Λειτουργικών Οργανικών Πολυμερών στον Έλεγχο της Κρυστάλλωσης και της Υδροφοβικότητας Υμενίων Περοβσκίτη για Φωτοβολταϊκά Κελιά Υψηλής Απόδοσης
Creators: name: Δεληγιάννης, Δημήτριος Κωνσταντίνου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Συμπολυμερές
Περοβσκίτης
Ηλιακό κελί
Copolymer
Perovskite
Solar cell

description: Στα φωτοβολταικά περοβσκίτη μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν ενδιάμεσα στρώματα για να μειωθούν οι επανασυνδέσεις των φορέων. Πολυμερή μπορούν να αποτελέσουν τέτοια ενδιάμεσα υποστρώματα. Στην παρούσα εργασία πραγματοποιήθηκε η χρήση για πρώτη φορά ενός νέου πολυμερικού υλικού, παραγώγου του PMMA, ως ενδιάμεσο στρώμα. Αυτό ήταν το τυχαίο συμπολυμερές PMMA-co-PHEMA, το οποίο αποτελείται από PMMA σε ποσοστό 90% και από το υδρόφιλο PHEMA σε ποσοστό 10%. Ένα σύνολο εργαστηριακών τεχνικών όπως η Οπτική μικροσκοπία, η Φασματοσκοπία Απορρόφησης στο Υπεριώδες/Ορατό (UV/Vis) και οι μετρήσεις της Γωνίας Επαφής χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για τη μελέτη/χαρακτηρισμό των υμενίων του περοβσκίτη με ή χωρίς την παρουσία του συμπολυμερούς. Επίσης κατασκευάστηκαν ηλιακά κελιά με τα παραπάνω υμένια και μετρήθηκαν οι χαρακτηριστικές Ρεύματος Τάσης (J-V). Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η παρουσία του συμπολυμερούς σε ιδιαίτερα χαμηλές περιεκτικότητες υποβοηθά την κρυστάλλωση του περοβσκιτη, πετυχαίνοντας ενεργειακή απόδοση της τάξης του 11-12%. Ταυτόχρονα, η σταθερότητα των υμενίων σε συνθήκες καταπόνησης (80 0C και σχετική υγρασία>40%) αυξήθηκε σημαντικά σε σχέση με τον μη τροποποιημένο περοβσκίτη.
description: In the Perovskite Solar Cells, interlayers are used to reduce the electron/hole recombination. Polymers can form such interlayers. In this work, we used a new derivative of PMMA as interlayer. This was the copolymer Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), composed of 90% PMMA and 10% of the hydrophilic PHEMA. Optical Microscopy, UV/Vis Absorption Spectroscopy and Contact Angle measurements were used to characterize perovskite films with or without the presence of the copolymer. Additionally, n-i-p solar cells were fabricated based on the above films as absorbers and the characteristic current-voltage (J-V) curves were recorded. From these, we have shown that the low concentration of the polymer aids the crystallization of perovskite, achieving enhanced energy efficiency of 11-12%. The stability of the films under stress conditions increased significantly with the presence of the copolymer in comparison with the unmodified perovskite.
Perturbed angular correlations for Gd in gadolinium: in-beam comparisons of relative magnetizations
Creators: name: Stuchbery, A. E.
name: Wilson, A. N.
name: Davidson, P. M.
name: Benczer-Koller, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbed angular correlations were measured for Gd ions implanted into gadolinium foils following Coulomb excitation with 40 MeV O-16 beams. A technique for measuring the relative magnetizations of ferromagnetic gadolinium hosts under in-beam conditions is described and discussed. The combined electric-quadrupole and magnetic-dipole interaction is evaluated. The effect of nuclei implanted onto damaged or non-substitutional sites is assessed, as is the effect of misalignment between the internal hyperfine field and the external polarizing field. Thermal effects due to beam heating are discussed.
description: 37 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in NIM B
Maximum weighted induced forests and trees: New formulations and a computational comparative review
Creators: name: Melo, Rafael A.
name: Ribeiro, Celso C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given a graph $G=(V,E)$ with a weight $w_v$ associated with each vertex $v\in V$, the maximum weighted induced forest problem (MWIF) consists of encountering a maximum weighted subset $V'\subseteq V$ of the vertices such that $V'$ induces a forest. This NP-hard problem is known to be equivalent to the minimum weighted feedback vertex set problem, which has applicability in a variety of domains. The closely related maximum weighted induced tree problem (MWIT), on the other hand, requires that the subset $V'\subseteq V$ induces a tree. We propose two new integer programming formulations with an exponential number of constraints and branch-and-cut procedures for MWIF. Computational experiments using benchmark instances are performed comparing several formulations, including the newly proposed approaches and those available in the literature, when solved by a standard commercial mixed integer programming solver. More specifically, five formulations are compared, two compact (i.e., with a polynomial number of variables and constraints) ones and the three others with an exponential number of constraints. The experiments show that a new formulation for the problem based on directed cutset inequalities for eliminating cycles (DCUT) offers stronger linear relaxation bounds earlier in the search process. The results also indicate that the other new formulation, denoted tree with cycle elimination (TCYC), outperforms those available in the literature when it comes to the average times for proving optimality for the small instances, especially the more challenging ones. Additionally, this formulation can achieve much lower average times for solving the larger random instances that can be optimally solved. Furthermore, we show how the formulations for MWIF can be easily extended for MWIT. Such extension allowed us to compare the optimal solution values of the two problems.
Insight into Double-Pomeron-Exchange Higgs production and backgrounds
Creators: name: Khoze, V. A.
name: Martin, A. D.
name: Ryskin, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantify the central inclusive background contributions to exclusive Higgs production at the LHC arising from double-Pomeron-exchange processes. We consider the H --> bb(bar) signal. We study processes mediated by the fusion of two `hard' Pomerons, and also by the fusion of `soft' Pomerons. The latter background is found to be very small, and the former is found to be less than the exclusive signal.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Εκπαιδευτικά παιχνίδια για την υπολογιστική σκέψη με Python/Pygame
Creators: name: Κάππης, Αχιλλέας Θωμά
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Υπολογιστικής Σκέψη
Εκπαιδευτικό Παιχνίδι
Αφαίρεση
Computational Thinking
Educational Game
Abstraction

description: Η υπολογιστική σκέψη αποτελεί μία μορφή αναλυτικής σκέψης που αφορά την επίλυση προβλημάτων. Σύμφωνα με ορισμένους ερευνητές, η ουσία της υπολογιστικής σκέψης είναι η αφαίρεση, δηλαδή το να βρίσκουμε τα ουσιαστικά χαρακτηριστικά ενός προβλήματος, προκειμένου η στρατηγική επίλυσής του να μεταφερθεί σε άλλα παρόμοια προβλήματα που ανήκουν όμως σε άλλες περιοχές της επιστήμης ή της καθημερινότητας. Η παρούσα διπλωματική, έχει σαν στόχο την ανάπτυξη της υπολογιστικής σκέψης, μέσα από τη δημιουργία ενός εκπαιδευτικού παιχνιδιού. Ο μαθητής καλείται, με τη δημιουργία του προγράμματος (στρατηγική) του, να βοηθήσει την ηρωίδα του παιχνιδιού Cody στις περιπέτειες που την περιμένουν στα επτά επίπεδα. Σε κάθε επίπεδο χρησιμοποιούνται απλές αναπαραστάσεις που είναι γνωστές στους μαθητές από την καθημερινή ζωή και τους βοηθήσουν να λειτουργήσουν αφαιρετικά
description: Computational thinking is a form of analytical thinking about problem solving. Computational thinking is a form of analytical thinking and involves solving problems. According to some researchers, the essence of computational thinking is the abstraction, namely to find the essential characteristics of a problem, so that its resolution strategy can be translated into other similar problems that belong to other areas of science or everyday life. This diploma aims to develop computational thinking through the creation of an educational game. The student is called, by creating his program (strategy), to help the heroine of the Cody game in the adventures that await her at the seven levels. At each level, simple representations that are known to students from everyday life are used to help them work abstractively
Organization of modular networks
Creators: name: Dorogovtsev, S. N.
name: Mendes, J. F. F.
name: Samukhin, A. N.
name: Zyuzin, A. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We examine the global organization of heterogeneous equilibrium networks consisting of a number of well distinguished interconnected parts--``communities'' or modules. We develop an analytical approach allowing us to obtain the statistics of connected components and an intervertex distance distribution in these modular networks, and to describe their global organization and structure. In particular, we study the evolution of the intervertex distance distribution with an increasing number of interlinks connecting two infinitely large uncorrelated networks. We demonstrate that even a relatively small number of shortcuts unite the networks into one. In more precise terms, if the number of the interlinks is any finite fraction of the total number of connections, then the intervertex distance distribution approaches a delta-function peaked form, and so the network is united.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Origami spring-inspired shape morphing for flexible robotics
Creators: name: Chen, Qianying
name: Feng, Fan
name: Lv, Pengyu
name: Duan, Huiling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flexible robotics are capable of achieving various functionalities by shape morphing, benefiting from their compliant bodies and reconfigurable structures. Here we construct and study a class of origami springs generalized from the known interleaved origami spring, as promising candidates for shape morphing in flexible robotics. These springs are found to exhibit nonlinear stretch-twist coupling and linear/nonlinear mechanical response in the compression/tension region, analyzed by the demonstrated continuum mechanics models, experiments, and finite element simulations. To improve the mechanical performance such as the damage resistance, we establish an origami rigidization method by adding additional creases to the spring system. Guided by the theoretical framework, we experimentally realize three types of flexible robotics -- origami spring ejectors, crawlers, and transformers. These robots show the desired functionality and outstanding mechanical performance. The proposed concept of origami-aided design is expected to pave the way to facilitate the diverse shape morphing of flexible robotics.