cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pseudo-Anosov stretch factors and homology of mapping tori
Creators: name: Agol, Ian
name: Leininger, Christopher J.
name: Margalit, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the pseudo-Anosov elements of the mapping class group of a surface of genus g that fix a rank k subgroup of the first homology of the surface. We show that the smallest entropy among these is comparable to (k+1)/g. This interpolates between results of Penner and of Farb and the second and third authors, who treated the cases of k=0 and k=2g, respectively, and answers a question of Ellenberg. We also show that the number of conjugacy classes of pseudo-Anosov mapping classes as above grows (as a function of g) like a polynomial of degree k.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures
Population Pharmacokinetics of Mycophenolic Acid and Metabolites in Patients With Glomerulonephritis
Creators: name: Joy, Melanie S
name: Sam, Wai-Johnn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor used for glomerulonephritis treatment. The objective of the current study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for MPA and metabolites in glomerulonephritis in order to enable appropriate design of MPA regimens in these patients with alterations in kidney structure and function.
title: "ich bin froh, dass es Lehrer[*innen]mangel gibt [...] [ohne] hätten wir keine Chance gehabt, [...] weil die Atmosphäre ist (.) nicht so bereit für (.) Inklusion"
Creators: name: Müller, Matthias Martin
Year: 2022

description: Die Masterarbeit behandelt die (strukturelle) Diskriminierung international ausgebildeter Lehrkräfte in Österreich und identifiziert Möglichkeiten zur Veränderung der Situation. Durch das methodologische Vorgehen im Sinne der Situational Analysis konnten Zusammenhänge zwischen verschiedenen Akteur*innen der untersuchten Situation näher betrachtet werden. Auch der Kontext der untersuchten Situation, z.B. politische Abläufe in Österreich, wurde in der Analyse berücksichtigt. Es wurde deutlich, dass die Beibehaltung (struktureller) Barrieren auf dem Weg zu einer Anstellung für international ausgebildete Lehrkräfte in Österreich insbesondere durch Othering-Mechanismen begründet wird. Dabei werden international ausgebildete Lehrer*innen anhand von Differenzmarkierungen wie Sprache oder der Herkunft ihres Abschlusses als ‚anders‘ gegenüber der Mehrheitsgesellschaft konstruiert. Auch der rechtliche Rahmen besitzt große Relevanz hinsichtlich der Ungleichbehandlung international ausgebildeter Lehrer*innen, da schlechtere Ausgangsbedingungen im Anstellungsverfahren auf rechtlichen Kriterien beruhen. Möglichkeiten zur Überwindung dieser Barrieren wurden daher insbesondere auf rechtlicher Ebene identifiziert. Beispielseise könnten Anstellungskriterien um (ausländische) Berufserfahrung und zusätzliche Sprachkenntnisse ergänzt werden. Um rechtliche Veränderungen zu erreichen, sind sowohl politische Entscheidungen nötig als auch ein erhöhtes gesellschaftliches Bewusstsein für Inklusion.
description: The master thesis deals with the (structural) discrimination of internationally trained teachers in Austria, identifying possibilities to change the situation. By working with Situational analysis, a closer look at the relationships between different actors in the situation under investigation was possible. Additionally, the context of the situation, e. g. political processes in Austria, could be considered during the analysis. It became clear that the maintenance of (structural) barriers on the way to employment for internationally trained teachers in Austria is particularly justified by othering mechanisms. In this context, internationally trained teachers are constructed as 'different' from the majority society based on markers of difference such as language or the origin of their degree. The legal framework is also highly relevant regarding the unequal treatment of internationally trained teachers since disadvantageous starting conditions in the hiring process are based on legal criteria. Possibilities for overcoming these barriers were therefore identified, particularly at the legal level. For example, employment criteria could be supplemented by (foreign) professional experience and additional language skills. To achieve legal changes, both political decisions and an increased social awareness of inclusion are necessary.
Majorana Fermions in Chiral Topological Ferromagnetic Nanowires
Creators: name: Dumitrescu, Eugene
name: Roberts, Brenden
name: Tewari, Sumanta
name: Sau, Jay D.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by a recent experiment in which zero-bias peaks have been observed in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments performed on chains of magnetic atoms on a superconductor, we show, by generalizing earlier work, that a multichannel ferromagnetic wire deposited on a spin-orbit coupled superconducting substrate can realize a non-trivial chiral topological superconducting state with Majorana bound states localized at the wire ends. The non-trivial topological state occurs for generic parameters requiring no fine tuning, at least for very large exchange spin splitting in the wire. We theoretically obtain the signatures which appear in the presence of an arbitrary number of Majorana modes in multi-wire systems incorporating the role of finite temperature, finite potential barrier at the STM tip, and finite wire length. These signatures are presented in terms of spatial profiles of STM differential conductance which clearly reveal zero energy Majorana end modes and the prediction of a multiple Majorana based fractional Josephson effect. A substantial part of this work is devoted to a detailed critical comparison between our theory and the recent STM experiment claiming the observation of Majorana fermions. The conclusion of this detailed comparison is that although the experimental observations are not manifestly inconsistent with our theoretical findings, the very small topological superconducting gap and the very high temperature of the experiment make it impossible to decisively verify the existence of a localized Majorana zero mode, as the spectral weight of the Majorana mode is necessarily spread over a very broad energy regime exceeding the size of the gap. Thus, although the experimental findings are indeed consistent with a highly broadened and weakened Majorana zero bias peak, much lower experimental temperatures are necessary for any definitive conclusion.
description: 23 pages, 19 figures, Revised and expanded version with substantial new results
Population Pharmacokinetics of Piperacillin Using Scavenged Samples From Preterm Infants
Creators: name: Sullivan, Janice E.
name: Benjamin, Daniel K.
name: Ouellet, Daniele
name: Newman, Nancy
name: Kashuba, Angela D. M.
name: White, Nicole R.
name: James, Laura P.
name: Walsh, Michele C.
name: Ross, Ashley
name: Zadell, Arlene
name: Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Piperacillin is often used in preterm infants for intra-abdominal infections; however, dosing has been derived from small single-center studies excluding extremely preterm infants at highest risk for these infections. We evaluated the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of piperacillin using targeted sparse sampling and scavenged samples obtained from preterm infants ≤32 weeks gestational age at birth and <120 postnatal days.
Perturbative 2-body Parent Hamiltonians for Projected Entangled Pair States
Creators: name: Brell, Courtney G.
name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
name: Doherty, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct parent Hamiltonians involving only local 2-body interactions for a broad class of Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS). Making use of perturbation gadget techniques, we define a perturbative Hamiltonian acting on the virtual PEPS space with a finite order low energy effective Hamiltonian that is a gapped, frustration-free parent Hamiltonian for an encoded version of a desired PEPS. For topologically ordered PEPS, the ground space of the low energy effective Hamiltonian is shown to be in the same phase as the desired state to all orders of perturbation theory. An encoded parent Hamiltonian for the double semion string net ground state is explicitly constructed as a concrete example.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures, v2 published version
Predictive Performance of a Gentamicin Population Pharmacokinetic Model in Neonates Receiving Full-Body Hypothermia
Creators: name: Rattray, Benjamin
name: Capparelli, Edmund
name: Frymoyer, Adam
name: Cotten, C. Michael
name: Sampson, Mario R.
name: Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael
name: Bonifacio, Sonia L.
name: Smith, P. Brian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models derived from small PK studies in neonates are often underpowered to detect clinically important characteristics that drive dosing. External validation of such models is crucial. In this study, the predictive performance of a gentamicin popPK model in neonates receiving hypothermia was evaluated.
Neoliberal Urban Revitalization in Chicago
Creators: name: Conte, Julia
name: Li, Janet
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013

description: Over the last two decades, Chicago’s strategy to revitalize areas of economic decline and concentrated poverty centered on two federal housing programs: Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) and its latter incarnation, Choice Neighborhoods. This paper examines the ideological turn from Keynesian New Deal policies to neoliberal revitalization programs and explores the programs’ strategies to transform low-income, minority residents into “self-sufficient” market actors who benefit from a revitalized neighborhood’s improved amenities. Finally, the paper argues that both policies will not mitigate concentrated poverty, as their neoliberal approach is nominally redistributive. With its ability to intervene in the market and economic processes, government intervention is better positioned to address the economic and racial inequalities that produced such poverty in the first place.
Induction of a Prolonged Hypothermic State by Drug-induced Reduction in the Thermoregulatory Set-Point
Creators: name: McGwin, Gerald
name: Gordon, Christopher J.
name: Frank, Jonathan E.
name: Katz, Laurence M.
name: Finch, Alex
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The marked improvement in outcome following induction of hypothermia after cardiac arrest has spurred the search for better methods to induce cooling. A regulated decrease in core temperature mediated by a drug-induced reduction in the set point for thermoregulation may be an ideal means of inducing hypothermia. To this end, the exploratory drug HBN-1 was assessed as a means to induce mild and prolonged hypothermia.
Continuous epidural infusion of morphine versus single epidural injection of extended-release morphine for postoperative pain control after arthroplasty: a retrospective analysis
Creators: name: Karamarie Fecho, Karamarie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Background:This study retrospectively compared the continuous epidural infusion of morphine with a single epidural injection of extended-release morphine for postoperative pain control after arthroplasty.Methods:Medical records were reviewed for subjects who had total knee or hip arthroplasty (THA) under spinal anesthesia and received either a continuous epidural infusion of morphine (Group EPID; n = 101) or an extended-release epidural morphine (Group EREM; n = 109) for postoperative pain. Data were collected for three postoperative days (POD) on: pain scores; supplemental opioids; medications for respiratory depression, nausea, and pruritus, and distance ambulated during physical therapy.Results:Pain scores were similar until subjects were transitioned to another analgesic approach on POD 2; after that time, pain scores increased in Group EPID, although they decreased in Group EREM. Supplemental opioids were used more on POD1 in Group EREM than in Group EPID, although time to first opioid and total daily morphine equivalents were similar. Naloxone and antiemetics, not antipruritics, were used more in Group EREM. Distance ambulated after THA was greater in Group EREM than in Group EPID.Conclusions:These results suggest that EREM is associated with better postoperative ambulation and analgesia during the transition to oral or intravenous analgesics, although a higher incidence of side-effects was evident.
Regulation of star formation in giant galaxies by precipitation, feedback, and conduction
Creators: name: Voit, G. M.
name: Donahue, M.
name: Bryan, G. L.
name: McDonald, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The universe's largest galaxies reside at the centers of galaxy clusters and are embedded in hot gas that, if left unchecked, would cool prodigiously and create many more new stars than are actually observed. Cooling can be regulated by feedback from accretion of cooling gas onto the central black hole, but requires an accretion rate finely tuned to the thermodynamic state of the hot gas. Theoretical models in which cold clouds precipitate out of the hot gas via thermal instability and accrete onto the black hole exhibit the necessary tuning. We have recently presented observational evidence showing that the abundance of cold gas in the central galaxy increases rapidly near the predicted threshold for instability. Here we present observations showing that this threshold extends over a large range in cluster radius, cluster mass, and cosmic time, and incorporate the precipitation threshold into a comprehensive framework of theoretical models for the thermodynamic state of hot gas in galaxy clusters. According to that framework, precipitation regulates star formation in some giant galaxies, while thermal conduction prevents star formation in others, if it can compensate for radiative cooling and shut off precipitation.
description: Nature (submitted 3 Sep 2014, accepted 22 Dec 14, published online 4 Mar 15): http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature14167.html
A new and simpler noncommutative central sets theorem
Creators: name: Johnson, John H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54H15

description: Using dynamics, Furstenberg defined the concept of a central subset of positive integers and proved several powerful combinatorial properties of central sets. Later using the algebraic structure of the Stone-Čech compactification, Bergelson and Hindman, with the assistance of B. Weiss, generalized the notion of a central set to any semigroup and extended the most important combinatorial property of central sets to the central sets theorem. Currently the most powerful formulation of the central sets theorem is due to De, Hindman, and Strauss in [3, Corollary 3.10]. However their formulation of the central sets theorem for noncommutative semigroups is, compared to their formulation for commutative semigroups, complicated. In this paper I prove a simpler (but still equally strong) version of the noncommutative central sets theorem in Corollary 3.3.
description: 22 pages (corrected a few typos)
Skew Calabi-Yau triangulated categories and Frobenius Ext-algebras
Creators: name: Reyes, Manuel
name: Rogalski, Daniel
name: Zhang, James J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 18E30, 16E35, Secondary 16E65, 16L60, 16S38

description: We investigate the conditions that are sufficient to make the Ext-algebra of an object in a (triangulated) category into a Frobenius algebra and compute the corresponding Nakayama automorphism. As an application, we prove the conjecture that hdet($μ_A$) = 1 for any noetherian Artin-Schelter regular (hence skew Calabi-Yau) algebra A.
description: 31 pages
Granular impact cratering by liquid drops: Understanding raindrop imprints through an analogy to asteroid strikes
Creators: name: Zhao, Runchen
name: Zhang, Qianyun
name: Tjugito, Hendro
name: Cheng, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a granular material is impacted by a sphere, its surface deforms like a liquid yet it preserves a circular crater like a solid. Although the mechanism of granular impact cratering by solid spheres is well explored, our knowledge on granular impact cratering by liquid drops is still very limited. Here, by combining high-speed photography with high-precision laser profilometry, we investigate liquid-drop impact dynamics on granular surface and monitor the morphology of resulting impact craters. Surprisingly, we find that, despite the enormous energy and length difference, granular impact cratering by liquid drops follows the same energy scaling and reproduces the same crater morphology as that of asteroid impact craters. Inspired by this similarity, we integrate the physical insight from planetary sciences, the liquid marble model from fluid mechanics and the concept of jamming transition from granular physics into a simple theoretical framework that quantitatively describes all the main features of liquid-drop imprints in granular media. Our study sheds light on the mechanisms governing raindrop impacts on granular surfaces and reveals a remarkable analogy between familiar phenomena of raining and catastrophic asteroid strikes.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2015)
Risk factors and predictors of no show up in GI lab: systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Majzoub, Abdul
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Gastroenterology
subject: Medical Specialties

description: Non-attendance of scheduled procedure in the GI lab continues to be a significant problem. Many predictors have been found to be associated with non-attendance behavior, We aimed in this study to achieve a comprehensive review and identify factors contributing to no show up among outpatients scheduled for a procedure in GI lab.
Tree–herb co-existence and community assembly in natural forest-steppe transitions
Creators: name: Tölgyesi, Csaba
name: Valkó, Orsolya
name: Deák, Balázs
name: Kelemen, András
name: Bragina, Tatyana M.
name: Gallé, Róbert
name: Erdős, László
name: Bátori, Zoltán
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Background: The effects of trees on understorey communities is a major driver of vegetation composition. However, we have little understanding on how isolated forest patches of the forest-steppe transition affect their herb layer as compared to adjacent grasslands. Aims: Our aim was to test whether trees had a protective effect on understorey herbaceous communities in the most arid regions of the forest-steppe transition, where the stress gradient hypothesis predicts positive net effects. Methods: We surveyed herbaceous cover and species composition in 135 forest-steppe sites and recorded soil moisture, microclimate and canopy cover in northern Kazakhstan. Results: Total cover and species richness were lower in the herb layer of groves than in the steppe stands and the soil of the groves was not moister than that of the steppes. Groves were dominated by grassland specialist plants, while forest specialist species remained scarce. However, these grassland species were different from the ones inhabiting the steppes, leading to little nestedness between groves and steppes. Conclusions: Although the presence of groves greatly increase the landscape level diversity of Middle-Asian forest-steppes, trees in the southern edge of the zone seem to have net negative effect on the understorey vegetation, seemingly contradicting the stress gradient hypothesis.
Relationship between early life respiratory illness, family size over time, and the development of asthma and hay fever: a seven year follow up study
Creators: name: Ponsonby, A.-L.
name: Kemp, A.
name: Carmichael, A.
name: Dwyer, T.
name: Couper, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: BACKGROUND—The timing and mechanism of the inverse association between increasing sibling number and atopic disease are not yet understood. A study was undertaken to examine how family size at birth predicts early respiratory illness, to report the association between infant respiratory illness and childhood atopic disease, and to determine whether the protective effect of large family size operates during infancy or later childhood.METHODS—A prospective follow up study was carried out on 863 children (78%) of 1111 participants in the Tasmanian Infant Health Survey performed in 1988. In 1988 household size and history of respiratory illness were obtained by parental interview at home (median age 35 days) and later by telephone (median age 85 days). In 1995asthma, hay fever, and household size were assessed by parental questionnaire in a large cross sectional survey.RESULTS—In 1988 increasing resident number (per resident) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.17 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.31)) and resident density (AOR 1.77 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.94)) were related to parental report of an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) by one month of age. Children with a reported URTI by home interview were more likely to have subsequent asthma (adjusted relative risk (ARR) 1.27 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.53)). The association between lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) at telephone interview (relative risk (RR) 1.34 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.75) and asthma was reduced after adjustment for family history of asthma (ARR 1.27 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.66)). Antibiotic use by home interview was not associated with subsequent asthma or hay fever. Indicators of family size in 1988 were associated with hay fever but not asthma but, in contrast, resident number in 1995 was inversely associated with asthma (AOR 0.82 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.92) per resident) and hay fever (AOR 0.82 (95% CI 0.71to 0.96) per resident). Children with no siblings were at risk for current asthma, particularly if symptoms began after the age of four (RR 2.81 (95% CI 1.36 to 5.84)).CONCLUSIONS—The apparent protective effect of large household size and asthma could not be explained by an increase in reported early respiratory illness. The first year of life may not be the most critical time for the protective effect of large household size to be mediated in relation to asthma, but this effect occurred by the seventh year of life.
Optimal Nonlinear Eddy Viscosity in Galerkin Models of Turbulent Flows
Creators: name: Protas, Bartosz
name: Noack, Bernd R.
name: Östh, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a variational approach to identification of an optimal nonlinear eddy viscosity as a subscale turbulence representation for POD models. The ansatz for the eddy viscosity is given in terms of an arbitrary function of the resolved fluctuation energy. This function is found as a minimizer of a cost functional measuring the difference between the target data coming from a resolved direct or large-eddy simulation of the flow and its reconstruction based on the POD model. The optimization is performed with a data-assimilation approach generalizing the 4D-VAR method. POD models with optimal eddy viscosities are presented for a 2D incompressible mixing layer at $Re=500$ (based on the initial vorticity thickness and the velocity of the high-speed stream) and a 3D Ahmed body wake at $Re=300,000$ (based on the body height and the free-stream velocity). The variational optimization formulation elucidates a number of interesting physical insights concerning the eddy-viscosity ansatz used. The 20-dimensional model of the mixing-layer reveals a negative eddy-viscosity regime at low fluctuation levels which improves the transient times towards the attractor. The 100-dimensional wake model yields more accurate energy distributions as compared to the nonlinear modal eddy-viscosity benchmark {proposed recently} by Östh et al. (2014). Our methodology can be applied to construct quite arbitrary closure relations and, more generally, constitutive relations optimizing statistical properties of a broad class of reduced-order models.
description: 41 pages, 16 figures; accepted for publication in Journal of Fluid Mechanics
Freeze fracture study of airway epithelium from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia
Creators: name: Thai, C H
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Methods: The nasal epithelium of three patients with PCD was freeze fractured and replicated with platinum and carbon shadowing. The resultant preparations were examined by transmission electron microscopy and the ciliary necklaces were compared with similar preparations of nasal biopsy specimens from normal healthy subjects.
Limited Feedback Hybrid Precoding for Multi-User Millimeter Wave Systems
Creators: name: Alkhateeb, Ahmed
name: Leus, Geert
name: Heath, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Antenna arrays will be an important ingredient in millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular systems. A natural application of antenna arrays is simultaneous transmission to multiple users. Unfortunately, the hardware constraints in mmWave systems make it difficult to apply conventional lower frequency multiuser MIMO precoding techniques at mmWave. This paper develops low complexity hybrid analog/digital precoding for downlink multiuser mmWave systems. Hybrid precoding involves a combination of analog and digital processing that is inspired by the power consumption of complete radio frequency and mixed signal hardware. The proposed algorithm configures hybrid precoders at the transmitter and analog combiners at multiple receivers with a small training and feedback overhead. The performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed in the large dimensional regime and in single path channels. When the analog and digital precoding vectors are selected from quantized codebooks, the rate loss due to the joint quantization is characterized and insights are given into the performance of hybrid beamforming compared with analog-only beamforming solutions. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed techniques offer higher sum rates compared with analog-only beamforming solutions, and approach the performance of the unconstrained digital beamforming with relatively small codebooks.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Traffic exposure and lung function in adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
Creators: name: Kan, H.
name: Lurmann, F.
name: Rose, K. M
name: Whitsel, E.
name: London, S. J
name: Heiss, G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Traffic exposure is a major contributor to ambient air pollution for people living close to busy roads. The relationship between traffic exposure and lung function remains inconclusive in adults.
Correlation Detection and an Operational Interpretation of the Renyi Mutual Information
Creators: name: Hayashi, Masahito
name: Tomamichel, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A variety of new measures of quantum Renyi mutual information and quantum Renyi conditional entropy have recently been proposed, and some of their mathematical properties explored. Here, we show that the Renyi mutual information attains operational meaning in the context of composite hypothesis testing, when the null hypothesis is a fixed bipartite state and the alternate hypothesis consists of all product states that share one marginal with the null hypothesis. This hypothesis testing problem occurs naturally in channel coding, where it corresponds to testing whether a state is the output of a given quantum channel or of a 'useless' channel whose output is decoupled from the environment. Similarly, we establish an operational interpretation of Renyi conditional entropy by choosing an alternative hypothesis that consists of product states that are maximally mixed on one system. Specialized to classical probability distributions, our results also establish an operational interpretation of Renyi mutual information and Renyi conditional entropy.
description: v3: various fixes, v4: changed proof of Lemma 5, v5: published version
Scaling properties of evolutionary paths in a biophysical model of protein adaptation
Creators: name: Manhart, Michael
name: Morozov, Alexandre V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The enormous size and complexity of genotypic sequence space frequently requires consideration of coarse-grained sequences in empirical models. We develop scaling relations to quantify the effect of this coarse-graining on properties of fitness landscapes and evolutionary paths. We first consider evolution on a simple Mount Fuji fitness landscape, focusing on how the length and predictability of evolutionary paths scale with the coarse-grained sequence length and alphabet. We obtain simple scaling relations for both the weak- and strong-selection limits, with a non-trivial crossover regime at intermediate selection strengths. We apply these results to evolution on a biophysical fitness landscape that describes how proteins evolve new binding interactions while maintaining their folding stability. We combine the scaling relations with numerical calculations for coarse-grained protein sequences to obtain quantitative properties of the model for realistic binding interfaces and a full amino acid alphabet.
description: Revised version
In vivo uptake of inhaled particles by airway phagocytes is enhanced in patients with mild asthma compared with normal volunteers
Creators: name: Peden, D B
name: Alexis, N E
name: Bennett, W D
name: Lay, J C
name: Zeman, K L
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The uptake of inhaled particulate matter by airway phagocytes is an important defence mechanism contributing to the clearance of potentially toxic substances, including aeroallergens, from the lung. Since airway monocytes and macrophages can also function as antigen presenting cells, their ability to engulf materials deposited on the airway surface is of particular interest in patients with allergic asthma. To determine whether airway mononuclear phagocytes of patients with allergic asthma might have enhanced phagocytic activity, the in vivo uptake of inhaled radiolabelled particles was compared in 10 patients with mild allergic asthma and 8 healthy (non-allergic) individuals.
Complementary Currencies and the Financing of Investments inLong-term Assets
Creators: name: Schroeder, Rolf F.H.
Publisher: name: International Journal of Community Currency Research (IJCCR)
Year: 2018
Subjects: finance and investment
resilience
historic complementary currencies
solidarity economy

description: The question raised in this article is whether the focus on "money",as the key concept in the analysis of community or complementarycurrencies, is justified. The investigation shows that the economieswhich facilitate exchange with alternative currencies are also basedon "capital". In some cases, capital is created within a community orcomplementary currencies; in others, synergies exist between thealternative currencies and other ways of financing long-term assetslike microfinancing schemes. In order to better understand the greyzones between these different spheres an all-encompassing use of thenotion of "money" should be avoided.
Convergence of quasiparticle self-consistent GW calculations of transition metal monoxides
Creators: name: Das, Suvadip
name: Coulter, John E.
name: Manousakis, Efstratios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finding an accurate ab initio approach for calculating the electronic properties of transition metal oxides has been a problem for several decades. In this paper, we investigate the electronic structure of the transition metal monoxides MnO, CoO, and NiO in their undistorted rock-salt structure within a fully iterated quasiparticle self-consistent GW (QPscGW) scheme. We study the convergence of the QPscGW method, i.e., how the quasiparticle energy eigenvalues and wavefunctions converge as a function of the QPscGW iterations, and we compare the converged outputs obtained from different starting wavefunctions. We find that the convergence is slow and that a one-shot G$_0$W$_0$ calculation does not significantly improve the initial eigenvalues and states. It is important to notice that in some cases the "path" to convergence may go through energy band reordering which cannot be captured by the simple initial unperturbed Hamiltonian. When we reach a fully iterated solution, the converged density of states, band-gaps and magnetic moments of these oxides are found to be only weakly dependent on the choice of the starting wavefunctions and in reasonably good agreement with the experiment. Finally, this approach provides a clear picture of the interplay between the various orbitals near the Fermi level of these simple transition metal monoxides. The results of these accurate {\it ab initio} calculations can provide input for models aiming at describing the low energy physics in these materials.
description: 14 Latex pages, 10 Figures with multiple subfigures
An integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect vs redshift test for the cosmological parameters
Creators: name: Kantowski, Ronald
name: Chen, Bin
name: Dai, Xinyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a method using the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect caused by individual inhomogeneities to determine the cosmological parameters, $H_0$, $Ω_{\rm m}$, and $Ω_Λ$, etc. This ISW-redshift test requires detailed knowledge of the internal kinematics of a set of individual density perturbations, e.g., galaxy clusters and/or cosmic voids, in particular their density and velocity profiles, and their mass accretion rates. It assumes the density perturbations are isolated and imbedded (equivalently compensated) and makes use of the newly found relation between the ISW temperature perturbation of the CMB and the Fermat potential of the lens. Given measurements of the amplitudes of the temperature variations in the CMB caused by such clusters or voids at various redshifts and estimates of their angular sizes or masses, one can constrain the cosmological parameters. More realistically, the converse is more likely, i.e., if the background cosmology is sufficiently constrained, measurement of ISW profiles of clusters and voids (e.g., hot and cold spots and rings) can constrain dynamical properties of the dark matter, including accretion, associated with such lenses and thus constrain the evolution of these objects with redshift.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, Phys. Rev. D, in press
A genome-wide analysis of open chromatin in human tracheal epithelial cells reveals novel candidate regulatory elements for lung function
Creators: name: Gosalia, Nehal
name: Furey, Terrence S
name: Harris, Ann
name: Cotton, Calvin U
name: Song, Lingyun
name: Leir, Shih-Hsing
name: Ott, Christopher J
name: London, Darin
name: Bischof, Jared M
name: Crawford, Gregory E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Distal cell-type-specific regulatory elements may be located at very large distances from the genes that they control and are often hidden within intergenic regions or in introns of other genes. The development of methods that enable mapping of regions of open chromatin genome wide has greatly advanced the identification and characterisation of these elements.
Low levels of tissue factor lead to alveolar hemorrhage, potentiating murine acute lung injury and oxidative stress
Creators: name: Ware, Lorraine B
name: Grove, Brandon S
name: Clune, Jennifer K
name: Mackman, Nigel
name: Lawson, William E
name: Dworski, Ryszard
name: Bastarache, Julie A
name: Roberts, L Jackson
name: Janz, David R
name: Sebag, Sara C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Systemic blockade of Tissue Factor (TF) attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) in animal models of sepsis but the effects of global TF deficiency are unknown.
Progress in cystic fibrosis and the CF Therapeutics Development Network
Creators: name: Donaldson, Scott H
name: Burns, Jane L
name: Sagel, Scott D
name: Rowe, Steven M
name: Borowitz, Drucy S
name: Ramsey, Bonnie W
name: Retsch-Bogart, George
name: Clancy, John P
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common life-shortening genetic disorder in Caucasians, affects approximately 70 000 individuals worldwide. In 1998, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) launched the CF Therapeutics Development Network (CF-TDN) as a central element of its Therapeutics Development Programme. Designed to accelerate the clinical evaluation of new therapies needed to fulfil the CFF mission to control and cure CF, the CF-TDN has conducted 75 clinical trials since its inception, and has contributed to studies as varied as initial safety and proof of concept trials to pivotal programmes required for regulatory approval. This review highlights recent and significant research efforts of the CF-TDN, including a summary of contributions to studies involving CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, airway surface liquid hydrators and mucus modifiers, anti-infectives, anti-inflammatories, and nutritional therapies. Efforts to advance CF biomarkers, necessary to accelerate the therapeutic goals of the network, are also summarised.
Setting the Foundations for Stronger Partnerships and Collaborations for Developing Institutional RDM Strategies in Canada
Creators: name: Costanzo, Lucia
name: Cooper, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Partnerships and collaborations
Institutional strategy
Tri-Agency

description: The Government of Canada’s Tri-Agency formally launched the Research Data Management (RDM) Policy in March 2021 with the objective of supporting “Canadian research excellence by promoting sound data management and data stewardship practices”. A central component of this policy requires postsecondary institutions eligible to administer Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) or Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) funds to create an institutional RDM strategy by March 2023. A national survey was developed and distributed to gauge institutions’ readiness for developing an institutional RDM strategy required by the Tri-Agency. As part of the survey development, emphasis was placed on increasing participation from diverse institutions of various sizes, geographical location and official languages (English and French) to ensure that future Alliance support and resources are developed to address the distinct needs of institutions. Survey results were summarized in a report along with recommendations including increasing Tri-Agency involvement as institutions developed their institutional RDM strategies, encouraging institutions to collaborate, and for the Alliance RDM to develop forums and provide support for disciplinary societies to have RDM conversations. As a result, three panel discussions covering the active stages (Initial, Planning, and Execution) of developing an institutional RDM strategy were successfully delivered through the Alliance RDM to a diverse range of institutions. Recognizing the needs of smaller institutions including CEGEPS, colleges, and polytechnics, an additional panel discussion was developed and delivered to this audience. In this presentation, we will highlight the survey recommendations and how they had a snowball effect and ignited difficult but productive conversations within and between institutions, the Tri-Agency, and Alliance RDM about institutional disparities based on geography, size, and language. These conversations are setting the foundation for stronger partnerships and collaborations in developing institutional RDM strategies.
Results of a phase IIa study of VX-809, an investigational CFTR corrector compound, in subjects with cystic fibrosis homozygous for the F508del-CFTR mutation
Creators: name: Spencer-Green, George T
name: Konstan, Michael W
name: Rowe, Steven M
name: Ballmann, Manfred
name: Vernillet, Laurent
name: Dunitz, Jordan M
name: Clancy, J P
name: Campbell, Preston W
name: Bronsveld, Inez
name: Schechter, Michael S
name: Aitken, Moira L
name: Wisseh, Steve
name: Ashlock, Melissa A
name: Accurso, Frank J
name: Moss, Richard B
name: Pilewski, Joseph M
name: Jain, Manu
name: Rubenstein, Ronald C
name: De Boeck, Kris
name: Botfield, Martyn
name: Leonard, Anissa
name: Dorkin, Henry L
name: Boyle, Michael P
name: Donaldson, Scott H
name: McCoy, Karen S
name: Rosenbluth, Daniel B
name: Durie, Peter R
name: Ordoñez, Claudia L
name: Yen, Karl
name: Amin, Raouf S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: VX-809, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator, has been shown to increase the cell surface density of functional F508del-CFTR in vitro.
The NOT Transient Explore: an Odyssey
Creators: name: Fynbo, Johan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Instrumentation

description: I will describe the NOT Transient Explorer (NTE). NTE is designed to be an instrument that can be permanently mounted (together with FIES) at the NOT where it will allow that NOT to a powerful facility for follow-up observations of transient sources like supernovae, kilo novae, and afterglows of gamma-ray bursts. In addition, the instrument will provide capabilities requested from other interests in the user community. NTE will allow spectroscopy from the UV to the K-band with resolution of about 4000 as well as simultaneous optical and near-IR imaging. Spectropolarimetry is also part of the design. The NTE project has been somewhat of an Odyssey and I will also try to describe some of the Scyllas and Charybdisses we have encountered along the way.
Significance of the microbiome in obstructive lung disease
Creators: name: Martinez, Fernando J
name: Erb-Downward, John
name: Huffnagle, Gary B
name: Young, Vincent B
name: Huang, Yvonne J
name: Curtis, Jeffrey L
name: Cookson, William O
name: LiPuma, John J
name: Wolfgang, Matthew C
name: Han, MeiLan K
name: Boucher, Richard C
name: Sethi, Sanjay
name: Lynch, Susan V
name: Boushey, Homer A
name: Toews, Galen B
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The composition of the lung microbiome contributes to both health and disease, including obstructive lung disease. Because it has been estimated that over 70% of the bacterial species on body surfaces cannot be cultured by currently available techniques, traditional culture techniques are no longer the gold standard for microbial investigation. Advanced techniques that identify bacterial sequences, including the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, have provided new insights into the depth and breadth of microbiota present both in the diseased and normal lung. In asthma, the composition of the microbiome of the lung and gut during early childhood development may play a key role in the development of asthma, while specific airway microbiota are associated with chronic asthma in adults. Early bacterial stimulation appears to reduce asthma susceptibility by helping the immune system develop lifelong tolerance to innocuous antigens. By contrast, perturbations in the microbiome from antibiotic use may increase the risk for asthma development. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bacterial colonisation has been associated with a chronic bronchitic phenotype, increased risk of exacerbations, and accelerated loss of lung function. In cystic fibrosis, studies utilising culture-independent methods have identified associations between decreased bacterial community diversity and reduced lung function; colonisation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been associated with the presence of certain CFTR mutations. Genomic analysis of the lung microbiome is a young field, but has the potential to define the relationship between lung microbiome composition and disease course. Whether we can manipulate bacterial communities to improve clinical outcomes remains to be seen.
An Analysis of Meat Demand System using Multi-stage Budgeting Model
Creators: name: Kim, Jongjin
name: Kim, Jongjin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: multi-stage budgeting model
subject: meat demand system
subject: differentiated products

description: This study introduces the theoretical background and estimation method of the multi-stage budgeting model, which has not yet been applied in Korea. It uses the model to estimate the meat demand system. Specifically, it classifies meat into three groups (beef, pork, and chicken) and eight differentiated products(domestic, imported frozen, imported chilled, etc.). Using annual data from 1996 to 2019, it reconstructs the entire meat demand system by estimating the demand functions within a group and between groups. The estimates show that the total expenditure (income) elasticities are significant and greater than 1, suggesting that all meat products are luxuries as in previous studies. In addition, this study confirms that the substitution effects between domestic meats are much greater than those between domestic and imported meats. And pork and chicken are estimated as complementary goods due to their higher income effects than substitution effects. This study has significance not only in that it provides meat demand information (elasticities) necessary to analyze the impact of trade liberalization on producers and consumers' welfare and to forecast meat markets, but also it introduces the multi-stage budgeting model to Korea.