cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Luminosity distribution of fast radio bursts from CHIME/FRB Catalog 1 by means of the updated Macquart relation
Creators: name: Cui, Xiang-Han
name: Zhang, Cheng-Min
name: Li, Di
name: Zhang, Jian-Wei
name: Peng, Bo
name: Zhu, Wei-Wei
name: Strom, Richard
name: Wang, Shuang-Qiang
name: Wang, Na
name: Wu, Qing-Dong
name: Wang, De-Hua
name: Yang, Yi-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extremely strong radio flares lasting several micro- to milliseconds and come from unidentified objects at cosmological distances, most of which are only seen once. Based on recently published data in the CHIME/FRB Catalog 1 in the frequency bands 400-800 MHz, we analyze 125 apparently singular FRBs with low dispersion measure (DM) and find that the distribution of their luminosity follows a lognormal form according to statistical tests. In our luminosity measurement, the FRB distance is estimated by using the Macquart relation which was obtained for 8 localized FRBs, and we find it still applicable for 18 sources after adding the latest 10 new localized FRBs. In addition, we test the validity of the luminosity distribution up to the Macquart relation and find that the lognormal form feature decreases as the uncertainty increases. Moreover, we compare the luminosity of these apparent non-repeaters with that of the previously observed 10 repeating FRBs also at low DM, noting that they belong to different lognormal distributions with the mean luminosity of non-repeaters being two times greater than that of repeaters. Therefore, from the two different lognormal distributions, different mechanisms for FRBs can be implied.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables, published in Astrophysics and Space Science (ApSS) in July 2022
Hybrid optomechanics for Quantum Technologies
Creators: name: Rogers, Benjamin
name: Gullo, Nicola Lo
name: De Chiara, Gabriele
name: Palma, G. Massimo
name: Paternostro, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the physics of hybrid optomechanical systems consisting of a mechanical oscillator interacting with both a radiation mode and an additional matter-like system. We concentrate on the cases embodied by either a single or a multi-atom system (a Bose-Einstein condensate, in particular) and discuss a wide range of physical effects, from passive mechanical cooling to the set-up of multipartite entanglement, from optomechanical non-locality to the achievement of non-classical states of a single mechanical mode. The reviewed material showcases the viability of hybridised cavity optomechanical systems as basic building blocks for quantum communication networks and quantum state-engineering devices, possibly empowered by the use of quantum and optimal control techniques. The results that we discuss are instrumental to the promotion of hybrid optomechanical devices as promising experimental platforms for the study of non-classicality at the genuine mesoscopic level.
description: 33 pages, 24 figures; Invited review paper, accepted for publication in "Quantum Measurements and Quantum Metrology"
Mini-review on mini-black holes from the mini-Big Bang
Creators: name: Bleicher, Marcus
name: Nicolini, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the basic ideas about man-made quantum mechanical black holes. We start by an overview of the proposed attempts to circumvent the hierarchy problem. We study the phenomenological implications of a strong gravity regime at the terascale and we focus on the issue of microscopic black holes. We provide the experimental bounds on relevant quantities as they emerge from major ongoing experiments. The experimental results exclude the production of black holes in collisions up to 8 TeV. We provide some possible explanations of such negative results in view of forthcoming investigations.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, paper based on the talk given at STARS2013/SMFNS2013, Havana/Varadero, Cuba, 4-10 May 2013, submitted for a special issue of Astronomische Nachrichten; v2 additional references and comments
Trivial Unit conjecture and Homotopy Theory
Creators: name: Ye, Shengkui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A homotopy theoretic description is given for trivial unit conjecture in the group ring ZG.
description: A typo is fixed
Exact fluctuation theorem without ensemble quantities
Creators: name: Cuetara, Gregory Bulnes
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
name: Imparato, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evaluating the entropy production (EP) along a stochastic trajectory requires the knowledge of the system probability distribution, an ensemble quantity notoriously difficult to measure. In this paper, we show that the EP of nonautonomous systems in contact with multiple reservoirs can be expressed solely in terms of physical quantities measurable at the single trajectory level with a suitable preparation of the initial condition. As a result, we identify universal energy and particle fluctuation relations valid for any measurement time. We apply our findings to an electronic junction model which may be used to verify our prediction experimentally.
description: 4 pages, 3 Figures, 1 sup.mat; v2: version published in Phys. Rev. E (minor revisions)
title: DUeIT Ausgabe 06 (Oktober 2017)
Creators: name: Universität Duisburg-Essen / Universitätsbibliothek
name: Universität Duisburg-Essen / Zentrum Für Informations- Und Mediendienste
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2018

description: INHALT

Projekt Deal

UDE-Netzpolicy

MyUDE wird 5

Sensibilisierungskampagne

IKM-Kommission Interview

E-Learning-Workshopreihe

3. E-Learning-Netzwerktag

Urheberrecht

UNEKE
The Past and Future of Mid-Infrared Studies of AGN
Creators: name: Sajina, Anna
name: Lacy, Mark
name: Pope, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational studies of AGN in the mid-infrared regime are crucial to our understanding of AGN and their role in the evolution of galaxies. Mid-IR-based selection of AGN is complementary to more traditional techniques allowing for a more complete census of AGN activity across cosmic time. Mid-IR observations including time variability and spatially resolved imaging have given us unique insights into the nature of the obscuring structures around AGN. The wealth of fine structure, molecular, and dust features in the mid-IR allow us to simultaneously probe multiple components of the ISM allowing us to explore in detail the impact on the host galaxy by the presence of an AGN -- a crucial step toward understanding galaxy-SMBH co-evolution. This review gives a broad overview of this wide range of studies. It also aims to show the evolution of this field starting with its nascency in the 1960s, through major advances thanks to several generations of space-based and ground-based facilities, as well as the promise of upcoming facilities such as the {\sl James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)}.
description: 37 pages, 20 figures; Invited review (published) for the special issue "Recent Advances in Infrared Galaxies and AGN", edited by Anna Sajina and Asantha R. Cooray, in Universe
Optimal control of a qubit in an optical cavity
Creators: name: Deffner, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum information processing by means of optimal control theory. To this end, we analyze the damped Jaynes-Cummings model, and derive optimal control protocols that minimize the heating or energy dispersion rates, and controls that drive the system at the quantum speed limit. Special emphasis is put on analyzing the subtleties of optimal control theory for our system. In particular, it is shown how two fundamentally different approaches to the quantum speed limit can be reconciled by carefully formulating the problem.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Fast Radio Burst/Gamma-Ray Burst Cosmography
Creators: name: Gao, He
name: Li, Zhuo
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, both theoretical arguments and observational evidence suggested that a small fraction of fast radio bursts (FRBs) could be associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). If such FRB/GRB association systems are commonly detected in the future, the combination of dispersion measure (DM) derived from FRBs and redshifts derived from GRBs makes these systems a plausible tool to conduct cosmography. We quantify uncertainties in deriving the redshift-dependent DM_{IGM} as a function of z, and test how well dark energy models can be constrained with Monte Carlo simulations. We show that with potentially several 10s of FRB/GRB systems detected in a decade or so, one may reach reasonable constraints on wCDM models. When combined with SN Ia data, unprecedented constraints on dark energy equation of state may be achieved, thanks to the prospects of detecting FRB/GRB systems at relatively high redshifts. The ratio between the mean value < DM_{IGM} (z)> and luminosity distance (D_{L} (z)) is insensitive to dark energy models. This gives the prospects of applying SN Ia data to calibrate < DM_{IGM} (z)> using a relatively small sample of FRB/GRB systems, allowing a reliable constraint on the baryon inhomogeneity distribution as a function of redshift. The methodology developed in this paper can also be applied, if the FRB redshifts can be measured by other means. Some caveats of putting this method into practice are also discussed.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Politiche e regole europee del mercato dell?energia elettrica. Il caso dell?assegnazione delle concessioni di grandi derivazioni ad uso idroelettrico
Creators: name: Cozzio, Michele
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Trento
Year: 2020

description: Sommario: 1. Premesse, dati e scenari di un contesto in evoluzione. - 2. Quali regole europee per le concessioni idroelettriche? - 3. La liberalizzazione dei mercati tra scelte regolatorie e controverse reazioni nazionali.
A calibration of the stellar mass fundamental plane at z ~ 0.5 using the micro-lensing induced flux ratio anomalies of macro-lensed quasars
Creators: name: Schechter, Paul L.
name: Pooley, David
name: Blackburne, Jeffrey A.
name: Wambsganss, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the stellar mass surface densities of early type galaxies by observing the micro-lensing of macro-lensed quasars caused by individual stars, including stellar remnants, brown dwarfs and red dwarfs too faint to produce photometric or spectroscopic signatures. Instead of observing multiple micro-lensing events in a single system, we combine single epoch X-ray snapshots of ten quadruple systems, and compare the measured relative magnifications for the images with those computed from macro-models. We use these to normalize a stellar mass fundamental plane constructed using a Salpeter IMF with a low mass cutoff of 0.1 solar mass and treat the zeropoint of the surface mass density as a free parameter. Our method measures the graininess of the gravitational potential produced by individual stars, in contrast to methods that decompose a smooth total gravitational potential into two smooth components, one stellar and one dark. We find the median likelihood value for the normalization factor F by which the Salpeter stellar masses must be multiplied is 1.23, with a one sigma confidence range, dominated by small number statistics, of 0.77 < F < 2.10
description: Revised in response to referee's suggestions and re-submitted to ApJ; changes to the adopted effective radii propagate to a new value of the factor F (by which Salpeter stellar masses must be multiplied) of 1.23
Drag and inertia coefficients of live and surrogate shellfish dropper lines under steady and oscillatory flow
Creators: name: Landmann, Jannis
name: Fröhling, Lukas
name: Gieschen, Rebekka
name: Buck, Bela H.
name: Heasman, Kevin
name: Scott, Nicholas
name: Smeaton, Malcolm
name: Goseberg, Nils
name: Hildebrandt, Arndt
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Aquaculture engineering
subject: Bivalves
subject: Drag
subject: Hydrodynamic coefficients
subject: Inertia
subject: Mussels
subject: Offshore
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: Against the background of a drastically increased demand of marine proteins, off-bottom, bivalve aquaculture, provides significant potential for production growth when moved into more energetic marine waters. Hence, research, industry and politics are currently proposing the development of new offshore sites. The highly energetic conditions at these sites present a challenging environment for bivalve aquaculture. In this work, physical experiments of suspended bivalves provide new knowledge on the commonly used design parameters: the drag and inertia coefficients. Live bivalves and manufactured surrogate models at a 1:1 scale were tested in a towing tank as well as under waves. The drag coefficient of live blue mussels was determined to be Cd = 1.6 for Reynolds numbers between 2.3 × 104 and 1.4 × 105. The inertia coefficient obtained from the wave tests was Cm = 2.1 for Keulegan Carpenter numbers KC < 10. In a pursuit to better understand the differences between live mussels and surrogates in laboratory conditions, the analysis revealed that appropriate surrogates can be identified. A method to determine the characteristic diameter of mussel dropper lines is suggested. The results facilitate the future design of aquaculture systems in high-energy environments and allow for an integration into numerical models.
Generalized Holographic Superconductors with Higher Derivative Couplings
Creators: name: Dey, Anshuman
name: Mahapatra, Subhash
name: Sarkar, Tapobrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce and study generalized holographic superconductors with higher derivative couplings between the field strength tensor and a complex scalar field, in four dimensional AdS black hole backgrounds. We study this theory in the probe limit, as well as with backreaction. There are multiple tuning parameters in the theory, and with two non-zero parameters, we show that the theory has a rich phase structure, and in particular, the transition from the normal to the superconducting phase can be tuned to be of first order or of second order within a window of one of these. This is established numerically as well as by computing the free energy of the boundary theory. We further present analytical results for the critical temperature of the model, and compare these with numerical analysis. Optical properties of this system are also studied numerically in the probe limit, and our results show evidence for negative refraction at low frequencies.
description: 1 + 27 pages, LaTeX, 24 .eps figures. References added, typos fixed, discussion on optical properties expanded. Version accepted in JHEP
ELIXIR-UK DaSH: A Fellowship of Data Stewards
Creators: name: Sitja, Xenia Perez
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FAIR data
data stewardship
fellowship
community building
capacity building
training

description: As part of the UKRN workshops (UK Reproducibility Network), the project ELIXIR-UK DaSH co-hosted with them the one on FAIR data in the life sciences: beyond theory. Covering existing tools to implement FAIR principles tailored to a life sciences user with toolkits and step-by-step guides, the workshop also presented different training opportunities funded by the UKRI grants for FAIR Data Steward training. This presentation is the fourth workshop session, from the ELIXIR-UK DaSH project focused on building the grassroots of research data management communities of practice across research-performing organisations in the UK. The project's Community Manager presents their approach to influencing data stewardship development with a Fellowship, their challenges, solutions and outputs.
Optomechanical sensing of spontaneous wave-function collapse
Creators: name: Nimmrichter, Stefan
name: Hornberger, Klaus
name: Hammerer, Klemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum experiments with nanomechanical oscillators are regarded as a testbed for hypothetical modifications of the Schrödinger equation, which predict a breakdown of the superposition principle and induce classical behavior at the macro-scale. It is generally believed that the sensitivity to these unconventional effects grows with the mass of the mechanical quantum system. Here we show that the opposite is the case for optomechanical systems in the presence of generic noise sources, such as thermal and measurement noise. We determine conditions for distinguishing these decoherence processes from possible collapse-induced decoherence in continuous optomechanical force measurements.
description: 3 figures, revised version with extended supplemental material
Quantum battles in attoscience: tunnelling
Creators: name: Hofmann, Cornelia
name: Bray, Alexander
name: Koch, Werner
name: Ni, Hongcheng
name: Shvetsov-Shilovski, Nikolay I.
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Attoscience
subject: Attosecond physics
subject: Computational modelling
subject: Numerical investigations
subject: Virtual workshops
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Abstract: What is the nature of tunnelling? This yet unanswered question is as pertinent today as it was at the dawn of quantum mechanics. This article presents a cross section of current perspectives on the interpretation, computational modelling, and numerical investigation of tunnelling processes in attosecond physics as debated in the Quantum Battles in Attoscience virtual workshop 2020. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Ln2(SeO3)2(SO4)(H2O)2 (Ln = Sm, Dy, Yb): A Mixed-Ligand Pathway to New Lathanide (III) Multifunctional Materials Featuring Nonlinear Optical and Magnetic Anisotropy Properties
Creators: name: Oyeka, Ebube
name: Winiarski, Michal J.
name: Świątek, Hanka
name: Balliew, Wyatt
name: McMillen, Colin D.
name: Liang, Mingli
name: Sorolla, Maurice
name: Tran, Thao T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bottom-up assembly of optically nonlinear and magnetically anisotropic lanthanide materials involving precisely placed spin carriers and optimized metal-ligand coordination offers a potential route to developing electronic architectures for coherent radiation generation and spin-based technologies, but the chemical design historically has been extremely hard to achieve. To address this, we developed a worthwhile avenue for creating new noncentrosymmetric chiral Ln3+ materials Ln2(SeO3)2(SO4)(H2O)2 (Ln = Sm, Dy, Yb) by mixed-ligand design. The materials exhibit phase-matching nonlinear optical responses, elucidating the feasibility of the heteroanionic strategy. Ln2(SeO3)2(SO4)(H2O)2 displays paramagnetic property with strong magnetic anisotropy facilitated by large spin-orbit coupling. This study demonstrates a new chemical pathway for creating previously unknown polar chiral magnets with multiple functionalities.
Authentic vs. synthetic: a comparison of different methods for studying task-based information seeking
Creators: name: Wang, Yiwei
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: In task-based information seeking research, researchers often collect data about users’ online behaviors to predict task characteristics and personalize information for users. User behavior may be directly influenced by the environment in which a study is conducted, and the tasks used. This dissertation investigates the impact of study setting and task authenticity on users’ searching behaviors, perceived task characteristics, and search experiences. Thirty-six undergraduate participants finished one lab session and one remote session in which they completed one authentic and one simulated task. The findings demonstrate that the synthetic lab setting and simulated tasks had significant influences mostly on behaviors related to content pages, such as page dwell time and the number of pages visited per task. Meanwhile, first-query behaviors were less affected than whole-session behaviors, indicating the reliability of using first-query behaviors in task prediction. Subjective task characteristics—such as task motivation and importance—also varied in different settings and tasks. Interview data reveal why users were influenced. This dissertation addresses methodological limitations in existing research and provides new insights and implications for researchers who collect online user search behavioral data.
Model assisted identification of N2O mitigation strategies for full-scale reject water treatment plants
Creators: name: Beier, M.
name: Feldkämper, I.
name: Freyschmidt, A.
Publisher: name: Bristol : IWA Publishing
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Asm
subject: Denitrification
subject: Greenhouse gas emission
subject: Modelling
subject: Nitrous oxide
subject: Reject water
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: In a 3-year research project, a new approach to forecast biological N2O formation and emission at high-strength reject water treatment has been developed (ASM3/1_N2OISAH). It was calibrated by extensive batch-tests and finally evaluated by long-term measurement campaigns realized at three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with different process configurations for nitrogen removal of reject water. To enable a model application with common full-scale data, the nitritation-connected supplementary processes that are responsible for N2O formation are not depicted in the model. Instead, within the new model approach the N2O formation is linked to the NH4-N oxidation rate by defining specific formation factors [N2O-Nform/NH4-Nox], depending on the concentrations of NO2 and O2 as well as the NH4 load. A comparison between the measured and the modeled N2O concentrations in the liquid and gas phase at the full-scale treatment plants prove the ability of the proposed modelling approach to represent the observed trends of N2O formation, emission and reduction using the standard parameter set of kinetics and formation factors. Thus, enabling a reliable estimation of the N2O emissions for different operational conditions. The measurements indicate that a formation of N2O by AOB cannot completely be avoided. However, a considerable reduction of the formed N2O was observed in an anoxic environment. Applying the model, operational settings and mitigation strategies can now be identified without extensive measurement campaigns. For further enhancement of the model, first results for kinetics of N2O reduction kinetics by denitrification processes were determined in laboratory-scale batch tests.
Solitary waves in Parity-time (PT) symmetric Bragg-grating structure and the existence of Optical Rogue Waves
Creators: name: Gupta, Samit Kumar
name: Sarma, Amarendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we have studied the traveling wave solution in a nonlinear Bragg grating structure in which the core of the optical fiber is having Parity-time (PT) symmetric refractive index distribution. We have found bright solitary wave solution below the PT-threshold for forward wave and dark solitary wave solution above the PT-threshold for backward wave. The effects of increasing the traveling wave speed on the spatio-temporal evolutions of the analytical solutions have been shown and the emergence of the Optical Rogue Waves (ORWs) has been explored based on the system parameters.
Comments on holographic star and the dual QGP
Creators: name: Burikham, Piyabut
name: Chullaphan, Tossaporn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study static AdS star in generic dimension. The dependence of the mass limit to the bulk fermion mass is explored. In the bulk conformal limit, the mass limit saturates at a value identical to the mass limit of a radiation star or the AdS space filling with pure radiation. The temperature and entropy of the degenerate AdS star in the bulk conformal limit is zero in contrast to the radiation star. Holographically, the universal mass limit corresponds to the upper limit of the deconfinement temperature in the dual gauge picture. The QGP at this temperature is dual to the large black hole and the heat capacity is positive. When the fermion mass increases, the mass limit falls into the range of the small black holes. We found that even though the small black hole has negative heat capacity, the AdS box allows possibilities that it remains in thermal equilibrium with the radiation as long as the size of the black hole is not smaller than a critical size. Consequently, the dual QGP with negative heat capacity can be produced and remains stable thermodynamically at temperature below a saturation temperature $T_{2}$. The QGP with negative heat capacity produced at higher temperature will still condensate completely into a gas of confined hadron.
description: 30 pages, 9 figures, to be published in JHEP
Mid-infrared pulse generation via achromatic quasi-phase-matched OPCPA
Creators: name: Mayer, Benedikt W.
name: Phillips, Christopher R.
name: Gallmann, Lukas
name: Keller, Ursula
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a new regime for mid-infrared optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) based on achromatic quasi-phase-matching. Our mid-infrared OPCPA system is based on collinear aperiodically poled lithium niobate (APPLN) pre-amplifiers and a non-collinear PPLN power amplifier. The idler output has a bandwidth of 800 nm centered at 3.4 $μ$m. After compression, we obtain a pulse duration of 44.2 fs and a pulse energy of 21.8 $μ$J at a repetition rate of 50 kHz. We explain the wide applicability of the non-collinear QPM amplification scheme we used, including how it can enable octave-spanning OPCPA in a single device when combined with an aperiodic QPM grating.
Citizen science project characteristics: Connection to participants' gains in knowledge and skills
Creators: name: Peter, Maria
name: Diekötter, Tim
name: Kremer, Kerstin
name: Höffler, Tim
Publisher: name: San Francisco, California, US : PLOS
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biodiversity
subject: Citizen Science
subject: Community Participation
subject: Conservation of Natural Resources
subject: Humans
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Background: Biodiversity is being lost rapidly and its conservation is thus one of the most urgent tasks today. For biodiversity conservation to be successful, the public needs to gain an awareness and understanding of biodiversity and its importance. Moreover, species experts are needed who have the skills necessary for identifying and recording biodiversity. Previous research showed that citizen science projects can contribute to educating the public about biodiversity. However, it is still unclear how project characteristics connect to participants' knowledge and skills and how citizen science projects should be designed if they are to foster participants' learning. Aim: We aimed to investigate specific characteristics of biodiversity citizen science projects that could potentially influence participants' learning. We explored the following project characteristics from both the project coordinators' and the participants' perspectives: information and training provided to participants, social interaction among participants, contact between participants and staff, and feedback and recognition provided to participants. Methods and results: In order to examine the extent to which these project characteristics are connected to participants' gains in knowledge and skills, we conducted a comprehensive study across 48 biodiversity citizen science projects in Europe and Australia. We found that participants' perceived gains in knowledge and skills were significantly related to the five project characteristics as reported by the participants: information received by the participants, training received by the participants, social interaction among participants, contact between participants and staff, and feedback and recognition received by the participants. Conclusion: We conclude that by deliberately designing citizen science projects to include features such as interaction and feedback, these projects could achieve higher learning outcomes for the participants. Thereby, suitable modes of communication between projects and their participants are crucial. We provide specific suggestions for the design of biodiversity citizen science projects and for future research on project characteristics and participant outcomes.
Infall of nearby galaxies into the Virgo cluster as traced with HST
Creators: name: Karachentsev, Igor. D.
name: Tully, R. Brent
name: Wu, Po-Feng
name: Shaya, Edward J.
name: Dolphin, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the Tip of the Red Giant Branch distances to nine galaxies in the direction to the Virgo cluster using the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope. These distances put seven galaxies: GR 34, UGC 7512, NGC 4517, IC 3583, NGC 4600, VCC 2037 and KDG 215 in front of the Virgo, and two galaxies: IC 3023, KDG 177 likely inside the cluster. Distances and radial velocities of the galaxies situated between us and the Virgo core clearly exhibit the infall phenomenon toward the cluster. In the case of spherically symmetric radial infall we estimate the radius of the "zero-velocity surface" to be (7.2+-0.7) Mpc that yields the total mass of the Virgo cluster to be (8.0+-2.3) X 10^{14} M_sun in good agreement with its virial mass estimates. We conclude that the Virgo outskirts does not contain significant amounts of dark matter beyond its virial radius.
description: 27 pages, 2 tables, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Paleobathymetry of Submarine Lavas in the Samail and Troodos Ophiolites: Insights From Volatiles in Glasses and Implications for Hydrothermal Systems
Creators: name: Belgrano, Thomas M.
name: Tollan, Peter M.
name: Marxer, Felix
name: Diamond, Larryn W.
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: boninite
subject: ophiolite
subject: Samail
subject: Troodos
subject: volatiles
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Hydrostatic pressure exerted by the ocean water column fundamentally influences magmatic and hydrothermal processes in submarine volcanic settings and is therefore an important parameter to know when investigating such processes. Currently, there are few reliable methods for reconstructing past ocean depths for ancient volcanic terranes. Here, we develop and test an empirically calibrated statistical approach for determining paleodepths of eruption from the concentrations of H2O and CO2 dissolved in volcanic glasses, utilizing the well-defined pressure-dependent solubility of these volatiles in silicate melts. By comparing newly determined and published glass compositions from the Samail and Troodos ophiolites with sedimentary and fluid inclusion evidence, we propose that the Samail lavas erupted at ocean depths of ∼3.4 km, and the Troodos lavas at ∼4.1 km. These depths are 1–2 km deeper than those assumed in most previous studies of hydrothermal activity in the two ophiolites. These high depths imply high hydrostatic pressures within the underlying oceanic crust. Such pressures may have allowed convecting hydrothermal fluids to attain significantly higher temperatures (e.g., >450°C) than in typical modern ocean ridge hydrothermal systems during metal leaching in the crust and metal precipitation in seafloor sulfide deposits.
Fault Tolerance of Small-World Regular and Stochastic Interconnection Networks
Creators: name: Demichev, A.
name: Ilyin, V.
name: Kryukov, A.
name: Polyakov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resilience of the most important properties of stochastic and regular (deterministic) small-world interconnection networks is studied. It is shown that in the broad range of values of the fraction of faulty nodes the networks under consideration possess high fault tolerance, the deterministic networks being slightly better than the stochastic ones.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures; LaTeX; typos corrected, figures improved, acknowledgements added
MiR‐375‐mediated suppression of engineered coxsackievirus B3 in pancreatic cells
Creators: name: Pryshliak, Markian
name: Hazini, Ahmet
name: Knoch, Klaus
name: Dieringer, Babette
name: Tolksdorf, Beatrice
name: Solimena, Michele
name: Kurreck, Jens
name: Pinkert, Sandra
name: Fechner, Henry
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: cancer therapy
subject: colorectal cancer
subject: coxsackievirus B3
subject: microRNA
subject: oncolytic virus

description: Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) has potential as a new oncolytic agent for the treatment of cancer but can induce severe pancreatitis. Here, we inserted target sequences of the microRNA miR‐375 (miR‐375TS) into the 5′ terminus of the polyprotein encoding sequence or into the 3′UTR of the CVB3 strain rCVB3.1 to prevent viral replication in the pancreas. In pancreatic EndoC‐βH1 cells expressing miR‐375 endogenously, replication of the 5′‐miR‐375TS virus and that of the 3′‐miR‐375TS virus was reduced by 4 × 103‐fold and 3.9 × 104‐fold, respectively, compared to the parental rCVB3.1. In colorectal carcinoma cells, replication and cytotoxicity of both viruses were slightly reduced compared to rCVB3.1, but less pronounced for the 3′‐miR‐375TS virus. Thus, CVB3 with miR‐375TS in the 3′UTR of the viral genome may be suitable to avoid pancreatic toxicity.
NeuralMeshing: Differentiable Meshing of Implicit Neural Representations
Creators: name: Vetsch, Mathias
name: Lombardi, Sandro
name: Pollefeys, Marc
name: Oswald, Martin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The generation of triangle meshes from point clouds, i.e. meshing, is a core task in computer graphics and computer vision. Traditional techniques directly construct a surface mesh using local decision heuristics, while some recent methods based on neural implicit representations try to leverage data-driven approaches for this meshing process. However, it is challenging to define a learnable representation for triangle meshes of unknown topology and size and for this reason, neural implicit representations rely on non-differentiable post-processing in order to extract the final triangle mesh. In this work, we propose a novel differentiable meshing algorithm for extracting surface meshes from neural implicit representations. Our method produces the mesh in an iterative fashion, which makes it applicable to shapes of various scales and adaptive to the local curvature of the shape. Furthermore, our method produces meshes with regular tessellation patterns and fewer triangle faces compared to existing methods. Experiments demonstrate the comparable reconstruction performance and favorable mesh properties over baselines.
description: This preprint has not undergone any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this contribution is published in "44th DAGM German Conference on Pattern Recognition (GCPR 2022), Konstanz, Germany, September 27-30, 2022, Proceedings", and is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16788-1_20
Effect of a 6-Month Controlled Lifestyle Intervention on Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Creators: name: Koeder, Christian
name: Hahn, A.
name: Englert, H.
Publisher: name: Paris : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: cardiovascular disease
subject: cardiovascular health
subject: healthy aging
subject: Plant-based diet
subject: preventive medicine
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::640 | Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Objectives: The intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (ccIMT) is an established risk marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unclear whether lifestyle interventions can easily demonstrate an improvement in ccIMT. The objective was to test if our intervention would beneficially affect ccIMT (among other CVD markers). Design: Non-randomized controlled trial Setting: Rural northwest Germany Participants: Middle-aged and elderly participants from the general population (intervention: n = 114; control: n = 87) Intervention: A community-based, 6-month controlled lifestyle intervention focusing on four areas of lifestyle change: a plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management, and an improved social life. A strong emphasis was on dietary change. Measurements: We tested whether ccIMT change from baseline to 6 months was different between groups. Results: With all participants included, no significant difference in mean ccIMT change between groups was observed (p = 0.708). However, in a subgroup analysis with participants with high baseline mean ccIMT (≥0.800 mm) a significant difference in mean ccIMT change between intervention (−0.023 [95% CI −0.052, 0.007] mm; n = 22; baseline mean ccIMT: 0.884 ± 0.015 mm) and control (0.041 [95% CI 0.009, 0.073] mm; n = 13; baseline mean ccIMT: 0.881 ± 0.022 mm) was observed (p = 0.004). Adjusting for potential confounders did not substantially alter the results. Conclusion: The results indicate that healthy lifestyle changes can beneficially affect ccIMT within 6 months and that such a beneficial effect may be more easily demonstrated if participants with high baseline ccIMT are recruited. The observed effect is of relevance for the prevention of CVD events, including myocardial infarction and stroke.
Enhanced electric field sensitivity of quantum dot/rod two-photon fluorescence and its relevance for cell transmembrane voltage imaging
Creators: name: Jooken, Stijn
name: De Coene, Yovan
name: Deschaume, Olivier
name: Zámbó, Dániel
name: Aubert, Tangi
name: Hens, Zeger
name: Dorfs, Dirk
name: Verbiest, Thierry
name: Clays, Koen
name: Callewaert, Geert
name: Bartic, Carmen
Publisher: name: Berlin : de Gruyter
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: electric field
subject: quantum dot/rod
subject: semiconductor nanoparticle
subject: two-photon fluorescence
subject: voltage sensing
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The optoelectronic properties of semiconductor nanoparticles make them valuable candidates for the long-term monitoring of transmembrane electric fields in excitable cells. In this work, we show that the electric field sensitivity of the fluorescence intensity of type-I and quasi-type-II quantum dots and quantum rods is enhanced under two-photon excitation compared to single-photon excitation. Based on the superior electric field sensitivity of the two-photon excited fluorescence, we demonstrate the ability of quantum dots and rods to track fast switching E-fields. These findings indicate the potential of semiconductor nanoparticles as cellular voltage probes in multiphoton imaging.
Zero-energy bound state at the interface between an $s$-wave superconductor and a disordered normal metal with repulsive electron-electron interactions
Creators: name: Reeg, Christopher R.
name: Maslov, Dmitrii L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the proximity effect due to its role in the realization of topological superconductivity. Here, we study a superconductor--normal metal proximity system with repulsive electron-electron interactions in the normal layer. It is known that in the absence of disorder or normal reflection at the superconductor--normal metal interface, a zero-energy bound state forms and is localized to the interface [Fauchere et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3336 (1999)]. Using the quasiclassical theory of superconductivity, we investigate the low-energy behavior of the density of states in the presence of finite disorder and an interfacial barrier. We find that as the mean free path is decreased, the zero-energy peak in the density of states is broadened and reduced. In the quasiballistic limit, the bound state eliminates the minigap pertinent to a noninteracting normal layer and a distinct peak is observed. When the mean free path becomes comparable to the normal layer width, the zero-energy peak is strongly suppressed and the minigap begins to develop. In the diffusive limit, the minigap is fully restored and all signatures of the bound state are eliminated. We find that an interfacial potential barrier does not change the functional form of the density of states peak but does shift this peak away from zero energy.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Social Balance on Networks: Local Minima and Best Edge Dynamics
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
name: Svoboda, Jakub
name: Žikelić, Ðorđe
name: Pavlogiannis, Andreas
name: Tkadlec, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Structural balance theory is an established framework for studying social relationships of friendship and enmity. These relationships are modeled by a signed network whose energy potential measures the level of imbalance, while stochastic dynamics drives the network towards a state of minimum energy that captures social balance. It is known that this energy landscape has local minima that can trap socially-aware dynamics, preventing it from reaching balance. Here we first study the robustness and attractor properties of these local minima. We show that a stochastic process can reach them from an abundance of initial states, and that some local minima cannot be escaped by mild perturbations of the network. Motivated by these anomalies, we introduce Best Edge Dynamics (BED), a new plausible stochastic process. We prove that BED always reaches balance, and that it does so fast in various interesting settings.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures
Evidence of parsec-scale jets in Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Mezcua, M.
name: Prieto, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear radio emission of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN) is often associated with unresolved cores. In this paper we show that most LLAGN present extended jet radio emission when observed with sufficient angular resolution and sensitivity. They are thus able to power, at least, parsec-scale radio jets. To increase the detection rate of jets in LLAGN, we analyze subarcsecond resolution data of three low-ionization nuclear emission regions. This yields the detection of extended jet-like radio structures in NGC\,1097 and NGC\,2911 and the first resolved parsec-scale jet of NGC\,4594 (Sombrero). The three sources belong to a sample of nearby LLAGN for which high-spatial-resolution spectral energy distribution of their core emission is available. This allows us to study their accretion rate and jet power ($Q_\mathrm{jet}$) without drawing on (most) of the ad hoc assumptions usually considered in large statistical surveys. We find that those LLAGN with large-scale radio jets ($>$100 pc) have $Q_\mathrm{jet} > 10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$, while the lowest $Q_\mathrm{jet}$ correspond to those LLAGN with parsec-scale ($\leq$100 pc) jets. The $Q_\mathrm{jet}$ is at least as large as the radiated bolometric luminosity for all LLAGN, in agreement with previous statistical studies. Our detection of parsec-scale jets in individual objects further shows that the kinematic jet contribution is equally important in large- or parsec-scale objects. We also find that the Eddington-scaled accretion rate is still highly sub-Eddington ($<10^{-4}$) when adding the $Q_\mathrm{jet}$ to the total emitted luminosity (radiated plus kinetic). This indicates that LLAGN are not only inefficient radiators but that they also accrete inefficiently or are very efficient advectors.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Dynamically formed black hole+millisecond pulsar binaries in globular clusters
Creators: name: Clausen, Drew
name: Sigurdsson, Steinn
name: Chernoff, David F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of a binary comprising a black hole (BH) and a millisecond pulsar (MSP) would yield insights into stellar evolution and facilitate exquisitely sensitive tests of general relativity. Globular clusters (GCs) are known to harbor large MSP populations and recent studies suggest that GCs may also retain a substantial population of stellar mass BHs. We modeled the formation of BH+MSP binaries in GCs through exchange interactions between binary and single stars. We found that in dense, massive clusters most of the dynamically formed BH+MSP binaries will have orbital periods of 2 to 10 days, regardless of the mass of the BH, the number of BHs retained by the cluster, and the nature of the GC's binary population. The size of the BH+MSP population is sensitive to several uncertain parameters, including the BH mass function, the BH retention fraction, and the binary fraction in GCs. Based on our models, we estimate that there are $0.6\pm0.2$ dynamically formed BH+MSP binaries in the Milky Way GC system, and place an upper limit on the size of this population of $\sim 10$. Interestingly, we find that BH+MSP binaries will be rare even if GCs retain large BH populations.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS, updated to match published version