cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
$\textit{Herschel}$ Photometric Observations of $\mathrm{L{\small{ITTLE}}}$ $\mathrm{T{\small{HINGS}}}$ Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Cigan, Phil
name: Young, Lisa M.
name: Gomez, Haley L.
name: Madden, Suzanne C.
name: De Vis, Pieter
name: Hunter, Deidre A.
name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
name: Brinks, Elias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here far-infrared photometry of galaxies in a sample that is relatively unexplored at these wavelengths: low-metallicity dwarf galaxies with moderate star formation rates. Four dwarf irregular galaxies from the $\mathrm{L{\small{ITTLE}}}$ $\mathrm{T{\small{HINGS}}}$ survey are considered, with deep $\textit{Herschel}$ PACS and SPIRE observations at 100 $μ$m, 160 $μ$m, 250 $μ$m, 350 $μ$m, and 500 $μ$m. Results from modified-blackbody fits indicate that these galaxies have low dust masses and cooler dust temperatures than more actively star-forming dwarfs, occupying the lowest $L_\mathrm{TIR}$ and $M_\mathrm{dust}$ regimes seen among these samples. Dust-to-gas mass ratios of $\sim$10$^{-5}$ are lower, overall, than in more massive and active galaxies, but are roughly consistent with the broken power law relation between the dust-to-gas ratio and metallicity found for other low-metallicity systems. Chemical evolution modeling suggests that these dwarf galaxies are likely forming very little dust via stars or grain growth, and have very high dust destruction rates.
description: 26 pages, 19 figures. To be published in The Astronomical Journal
Genotypic analysis of respiratory mucous sulfation defects in cystic fibrosis.
Creators: name: Zhang, Y
name: Yankaskas, J R
name: Engelhardt, J F
name: Doranz, B
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Intracellular dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has been proposed to alter endosomal acidification. The most widely studied consequence of this defect has been alterations in the biochemical properties of cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory mucus glycoproteins. However, studies confirming the existence of mucous processing defects in CF have been hindered by the lack of in vivo animal models by which to test these hypotheses in the absence of secondary effects of chronic bacterial infection. The human bronchial xenograft model has been useful in evaluating the pathophysiologic differences between CF and non-CF airway epithelium, in the absence of secondary disease effects such as goblet cell hyperplasia. In this study we sought to compare the extent of sulfation within secreted mucus glycoproteins from CF and non-CF human bronchial xenografts. Cumulative results of xenografts generated from 13 independent CF tissue samples demonstrated a statistically significant higher level of sulfation (1.7 +/- 0.18, P < 0.026) as compared to non-CF paired controls. Such findings add to the growing body of knowledge that primary defects in sulfation exist in CF respiratory mucin. Correlation of genotype with the extent of mucus sulfation revealed two categories of CF tissues with statistically different mucus sulfation profiles. Results from these studies demonstrated a 2.0 +/- 0.15-fold higher level of mucus sulfation produced from xenografts of five defined CF genotypes as compared to non-CF controls (P < 0.004, n= 10). Interestingly, three CF samples for which one mutant allele remained undefined (deltaoff8/unknown or G551D/unknown) demonstrated no statistical difference in the level of sulfation as compared with matched non-CF controls (n= 3). This as yet unknown allele was not identified within a screen for the 26 most common CF mutations. These results provide preliminary evidence for allelic variation within the CF population which may begin to elucidate the structure-function of CFTR with regards to intracellular mucus processing defects.
Bézier interpolation improves the inference of dynamical models from data
Creators: name: Shimagaki, Kai
name: Barton, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Many dynamical systems, from quantum many-body systems to evolving populations to financial markets, are described by stochastic processes. Parameters characterizing such processes can often be inferred using information integrated over stochastic paths. However, estimating time-integrated quantities from real data with limited time resolution is challenging. Here, we propose a framework for accurately estimating time-integrated quantities using Bézier interpolation. We applied our approach to two dynamical inference problems: determining fitness parameters for evolving populations and inferring forces driving Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. We found that Bézier interpolation reduces the estimation bias for both dynamical inference problems. This improvement was especially noticeable for data sets with limited time resolution. Our method could be broadly applied to improve accuracy for other dynamical inference problems using finitely sampled data.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Dynamic Cone-beam CT Reconstruction using Spatial and Temporal Implicit Neural Representation Learning (STINR)
Creators: name: Zhang, You
name: Mengke, Tielige
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Objective: Dynamic cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging is highly desired in image-guided radiation therapy to provide volumetric images with high spatial and temporal resolutions to enable applications including tumor motion tracking/prediction and intra-delivery dose calculation/accumulation. However, the dynamic CBCT reconstruction is a substantially challenging spatiotemporal inverse problem, due to the extremely limited projection sample available for each CBCT reconstruction (one projection for one CBCT volume). Approach: We developed a simultaneous spatial and temporal implicit neural representation (STINR) method for dynamic CBCT reconstruction. STINR mapped the unknown image and the evolution of its motion into spatial and temporal multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), and iteratively optimized the neuron weighting of the MLPs via acquired projections to represent the dynamic CBCT series. In addition to the MLPs, we also introduced prior knowledge, in form of principal component analysis (PCA)-based patient-specific motion models, to reduce the complexity of the temporal INRs to address the ill-conditioned dynamic CBCT reconstruction problem. We used the extended cardiac torso (XCAT) phantom to simulate different lung motion/anatomy scenarios to evaluate STINR. The scenarios contain motion variations including motion baseline shifts, motion amplitude/frequency variations, and motion non-periodicity. The scenarios also contain inter-scan anatomical variations including tumor shrinkage and tumor position change. Main results: STINR shows consistently higher image reconstruction and motion tracking accuracy than a traditional PCA-based method and a polynomial-fitting based neural representation method. STINR tracks the lung tumor to an averaged center-of-mass error of <2 mm, with corresponding relative errors of reconstructed dynamic CBCTs <10%.
Magnetic interactions in orbital dynamics
Creators: name: Bromley, Benjamin C.
name: Kenyon, Scott J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic field of a host star can impact the orbit of a stellar partner, planet, or asteroid if the orbiting body is itself magnetic or electrically conducting. Here, we focus on the instantaneous magnetic forces on an orbiting body in the limit where the dipole approximation describes its magnetic properties as well as those of its stellar host. A permanent magnet in orbit about a star will be inexorably drawn toward the stellar host if the magnetic force is comparable to gravity due to the steep radial dependence of the dipole-dipole interaction. While magnetic fields in observed systems are much too weak to drive a merger event, we confirm that they may be high enough in some close compact binaries to cause measurable orbital precession. When the orbiting body is a conductor, the stellar field induces a time-varying magnetic dipole moment that leads to the possibility of eccentricity pumping and resonance trapping. The challenge is that the orbiter must be close to the stellar host, so that magnetic interactions must compete with tidal forces and the effects of intense stellar radiation.
description: AJ accepted, 28 pages, 8 figures, and 2 tables
Scattering Properties of Spherical Time-Varying Conductive Shells
Creators: name: Schab, Kurt
name: Shirley, Bradley
name: Kerby-Patel, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Harmonic generation in the scattered fields produced by a dielectric sphere coated with a time-varying conductive shell is studied using a Mie theory approach hybridized with conversion matrix methods. Analytic results are derived for plane wave incidence as well as in a more general transition matrix setting. An equivalent transmission line approach is also discussed. Numerical examples validate the derived expressions through comparison with purely numerical methods and convergence characteristics are explored. Several additional examples illustrate unique trends in far- and near-field scattering.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Vortices at the magnetic equator generated by hybrid Alfven resonant waves
Creators: name: Hiraki, Yasutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of shear Alfven waves in a full field line system with magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and plasma non-uniformities. Feedback instability of the Alfven resonant modes showed various nonlinear features under the field line cavities: i) a secondary flow shear instability occurs at the magnetic equator, ii) trapping of the ionospheric Alfven resonant modes facilitates deformation of field-aligned current structures, and iii) hybrid Alfven resonant modes grow to cause vortices and magnetic oscillations around the magnetic equator. Essential features in the initial brightening of auroral arc at substorm onsets could be explained by the dynamics of Alfven resonant modes, which are the nature of the field line system responding to a background rapid change.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to Phys. Plasmas
Glanzmann thrombasthenia resulting from a single amino acid substitution between the second and third calcium-binding domains of GPIIb. Role of the GPIIb amino terminus in integrin subunit association.
Creators: name: Gill, J C
name: Newman, P J
name: Wilcox, D A
name: Lyman, S
name: Paddock, C M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: To gain insight into region of the platelet GPIIb-IIIa complex involved in receptor biogenesis and function, we examined the biochemical properties of a defective GPIIb-IIIa complex from patient suffering from type II Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Flow cytometric as well as immunoblot analysis of patient platelets showed significantly reduced levels of GPIIb and GPIIIa compared with a normal control. Patient platelets, however, retained the ability to retract a fibrin clot. Sequence analysis of PCR-amplified platelet GPIIb mRNA revealed an Arg327-->His amino acid substitution between the second and third calcium-binding domains of the GPIIb heavy chain, a residue that is highly conserved among integrin alpha-subunits. The recombinant His327 form of GPIIb was found to be fully capable of associating with GPIIIa, therefore the role of the calcium-binding domains in intersubunit association was further examined by constructing amino-terminal segments of GPIIb that ended before the first, second, and third calcium-binding domains. All three fragments were found to associate with GPIIIa, demonstrating that the calcium-binding domains of GPIIb are not necessary for initial complex formation. Regions amino-terminal to the calcium-binding domains of GPIIb may play a heretofore unappreciated role in integrin subunit association.
Generating the full SM at linear colliders
Creators: name: Berggren, Mikael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future linear $e^+e^-$ colliders aim for extremely high precision measurements. To achieve this, not only excellent detectors and well controlled machine conditions are needed, but also the best possible estimate of backgrounds. To avoid that lacking channels and too low statistics becomes a major source of systematic errors in data-MC comparisons, all SM channels with the potential to yield at least a few events under the full lifetime of the projects need to be generated, with statistics largely exceeding that of the real data. Also machine conditions need to be accurately taken into account. This includes beam-polarisation, interactions due to the photons inevitably present in the highly focused beams, and coherent interactions of whole bunches. This endeavour has already been partly achieved in preparing design documents for both the ILC and CLIC: Comprehensive samples of fully simulated and reconstructed events are available for use. In this contribution, we present how the generation of physics events at linear colliders is categorised and organised, and the tools used. Also covered is how different aspects of machine conditions, different sources of spurious interactions (such as beam-induced backgrounds) are treated and the tools involved for these aspects.
description: 40th International Conference on High Energy physics - ICHEP2020. Talk given on behalf of the generator group (LCGG) of the Linear Collider Collaboration (LCC)
Multigap Superconductivity in the Filled-Skutterudite Compound LaRu$_4$As$_{12}$ probed by muon spin rotation
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, A.
name: Adroja, D. T.
name: Koza, M. M.
name: Tsutsui, S.
name: Cichorek, T.
name: Hillier, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muon spin rotation ($μ$SR) and inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) were used to investigate the superconducting properties of the filled-skutterudite compound LaRu$_{4}$As$_{12}$. A two-gap isotropic ($s+s$)-wave model can explain the temperature dependence of the superfluid density. Zero field $μ$SR measurements confirm that the time-reversal symmetry does not break upon entering the superconducting state. The measurements of lattice dynamics at 2, 20 and 300 K revealed temperature dependencies of the phonon modes that do not follow strictly a hardening of phonon frequencies upon cooling as expected within the quasi-harmonic picture. The 20~K data rather mark a turning point for the majority of the phonon frequencies. Indeed a hardening is observed approaching 20~K from above, while for a few branches a weak softening is visible upon further cooling to 2~K. The observed dispersion relations of phonon modes throughout the Brillouin zone matches with the DFT prediction quite closely. Our results point out that cubic LaRu$_{4}$As$_{12}$ is a good reference material for studying multiband superconductivity, including those with lower crystallographic symmetries such as iron arsenide-based superconductors.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures,
Normalization of raised sodium absorption and raised calcium-mediated chloride secretion by adenovirus-mediated expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in primary human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.
Creators: name: Boyles, S E
name: Johnson, L G
name: Boucher, R C
name: Wilson, J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Cystic fibrosis airway epithelia exhibit a spectrum of ion transport properties that differ from normal, including not only defective cAMP-mediated Cl- secretion, but also increased Na+ absorption and increased Ca(2+)-mediated Cl- secretion. In the present study, we examined whether adenovirus-mediated (Ad5) transduction of CFTR can correct all of these CF ion transport abnormalities. Polarized primary cultures of human CF and normal nasal epithelial cells were infected with Ad5-CBCFTR at an moi (10(4)) which transduced virtually all cells or Ad5-CMV lacZ as a control. Consistent with previous reports, Ad5-CBCFTR, but not Ad5-CMV lacZ, corrected defective CF cAMP-mediated Cl- secretion. Basal Na+ transport rates (basal Ieq) in CF airway epithelial sheets (-78.5 +/- 9.8 microA/cm2) were reduced to levels measured in normal epithelial sheets (-30.0 +/- 2.0 microA/cm2) by Ad5-CBCFTR (-36.9 +/- 4.8 microA/cm2), but not Ad5-CMV lacZ (-65.8 +/- 6.1 microA/cm2). Surprisingly, a significant reduction in delta Ieq in response to ionomycin, a measure of Ca(2+)-mediated Cl- secretion, was observed in CFTR-expressing (corrected) CF epithelial sheets (-6.9 +/- 11.8 microA/cm2) when compared to uninfected CF epithelial sheets (-76.2 +/- 15.1 microA/cm2). Dose response effects of Ad5-CBCFTR on basal Na+ transport rates and Ca(2+)-mediated Cl- secretion suggest that the mechanism of regulation of these two ion transport functions by CFTR may be different. In conclusion, efficient transduction of CFTR corrects hyperabsorption of Na+ in primary CF airway epithelial cells and restores Ca(2+)-mediated Cl- secretion to levels observed in normal airway epithelial cells. Moreover, assessment of these ion transport abnormalities may represent important endpoints for testing the efficacy of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (114 a)]
Creators: name: Albertus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1446
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Der Doktor der Rechte Albertus de Gaietanis aus Vicenza, vicarius und assessor des Andrea de Bonromeis de Sancto Miniato, seinerseits Podestà von Ferrara, erteilt dem Nicolaus de Bacharinis, notarius publicus und notarius ad officium assessorum sowie Sohn des verstorbenen Georgius de Bacharinis, aus der contrata St. Crucis in Ferrara und dem Rolandinus de Cornu, publicus banitor von Ferrara, die Erlaubnis, den Verkauf zweier Häuser, gelegen in der contrata St. Mariae de Vado in Ferrara, durch Guido Gonzaga, protonotarius aus Ferrara und Sohn des verstorbenen princeps Francesco I. Gonzaga, seinerseits einst Herr von Mantua usw., an Franceschinus de Benceuenis aus Cotignola, Sohn des verstorbenen Blasius, seinerseits genannt Pilatus, wohnhaft in der contrata St. Mariae de Vado, durchzuführen.
Performance analysis of quantum repeaters enabled by deterministically generated photonic graph states
Creators: name: Zhan, Yuan
name: Hilaire, Paul
name: Barnes, Edwin
name: Economou, Sophia E.
name: Sun, Shuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By encoding logical qubits into specific types of photonic graph states, one can realize quantum repeaters that enable fast entanglement distribution rates approaching classical communication. However, the generation of these photonic graph states requires a formidable resource overhead using traditional approaches based on linear optics. Overcoming this challenge, a number of new schemes have been proposed that employ quantum emitters to deterministically generate photonic graph states. Although these schemes have the potential to significantly reduce the resource cost, a systematic comparison of the repeater performance among different encodings and different generation schemes is lacking. Here, we quantitatively analyze the performance of quantum repeaters based on two different graph states, i.e. the tree graph states and the repeater graph states. For both states, we compare the performance between two generation schemes, one based on a single quantum emitter coupled to ancillary matter qubits, and one based on a single quantum emitter coupled to a delayed feedback. We identify the numerically optimal scheme at different system parameters. Our analysis provides a clear guideline on the selection of the generation scheme for graph-state-based quantum repeaters, and lays out the parameter requirements for future experimental realizations of different schemes.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
Bosonization and the Berry connection in two-dimensional QED
Creators: name: Thacker, H. B.
name: Wong, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical effects of topological charge in two-dimensional QED can be expressed in terms of a topological order parameter via a Berry phase construction. The Berry phase describes the electric charge polarization of the vacuum in a manner similar to the theory of polarization in topological insulators. The topological order parameter labels discrete vacua which differ by units of electric flux. Here the associated Berry connection is explicitly constructed from the Dirac Hamiltonian eigenstates by introducing a small attractive Thirring coupling, so that there is still a stable boson in the limit of zero EM coupling. The Berry connection arises from the analytic structure of the Bethe ansatz states in complex rapidity near the free fermion point.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Assessing a Poetics of the Lyric with Claudia Rankine and Jonathan Culler
Creators: name: Bellardini, Livia
Publisher: name: RSAJournal
Year: 2022

description: From the publication of her first poetry collection Nothing in Nature Is Private (1994) to the successful reception of Citizen: An American Lyric (2014) twenty years later, Claudia Rankine has both engaged with established models of the lyric genre and altered the genre’s parameters to suit her own ethical purposes. Mainly drawing on Jonathan Culler’s Theory of the Lyric (2015), I argue that by creating a dialogue between his approach to the lyric form and lyric reading, and Rankine’s thrust towards formal experimentation, we can fully appreciate the surprising impact that the lyric has on readers. Moreover, we can trace comparisons between poems from different times and identify their foundational points of contact. In this light, the attention both Culler and Rankine give to the potential socialrole of poetics derives from their shared trust in the powerfully intriguing language of lyric to broaden one’s imagination. However, whereas Culler identifies the capacity of the lyric to inform the imagination with its use of unordinary language and indirectionality, Rankine’s Citizen fulfills its imaginative endeavor by directly calling upon the readers’ participation in the text.
description: RSAJournal, Vol. 33 (2022): Sites of Emergency, States of Exception
A mutation in the propeptide of Factor IX leads to warfarin sensitivity by a novel mechanism.
Creators: name: Stafford, D W
name: Stanley, T
name: Wu, S M
name: Chu, K
name: High, K A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The propeptide sequences of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors serve as a recognition site for the enzyme gamma-glutamylcarboxylase, which catalyzes the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues at the NH2 terminus of the mature protein. We describe a mutation in the propeptide of Factor IX that results in warfarin sensitivity because of reduced affinity of the carboxylase for the Factor IX precursor. The proband has a Factor IX activity level of > 100% off warfarin and < 1% on warfarin, at a point where other vitamin K-dependent factors were at 30-40% activity levels. Direct sequence analysis of amplified genomic DNA from all eight exons and exon-intron junctions showed a single guanosine-->adenosine transition at nucleotide 6346 resulting in an alanine to threonine change at residue -10 in the propeptide. To define the mechanism by which the mutation resulted in warfarin sensitivity, we analyzed wild-type and mutant recombinant peptides in an in vitro carboxylation reaction. The peptides that were analyzed included the wild-type sequence, the Ala-10-->Thr sequence, and Ala-10-->Gly, a substitution based on the sequence in bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein. Measurement of C02 incorporation at a range of peptide concentrations yielded a Vmax of 343 cpm/min/reaction for the wild-type peptide, and Vmax values of 638 and 726 for A-10T and A-10G respectively, a difference of only twofold. The Km values, on the other hand, showed a 33-fold difference between wild-type and the variants, with a value of 0.29 microM for wild-type, and 10.9 and 9.50 microM, respectively, for A-10T and A-10G. Similar kinetic experiments showed no substantial differences between wild-type and mutant peptides in kinetic parameters of the carboxylase-peptide complexes for reduced vitamin K. We conclude that the major defect resulting from the Factor IX Ala-l0-->Thr mutation is a reduction in affinity of the carboxylase for the mutant propeptide. These studies delineate a novel mechanism for warfarin sensitivity. In addition, the data may also explain the observation that bone Gla protein is more sensitive to warfarin than the coagulation proteins.
Verification of the standard theory of plasma emission with particle-in-cell simulations
Creators: name: Zhang, Zilong
name: Chen, Yao
name: Ni, Sulan
name: Li, Chuanyang
name: Ning, Hao
name: Li, Yaokun
name: Kong, Xiangliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard theory of plasma emission is based on kinetic couplings between a single beam of energetic electrons and unmagnetized thermal plasmas, involving multi-step nonlinear wave-particle and wave-wave interactions. The theory has not yet been completely verified with fully-kinetic electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Earlier studies, greatly limited by available computational resources, are controversial regarding whether the fundamental emission can be generated according to the standard theory. To resolve the controversy, we conducted PIC simulations with a large domain of simulation and a large number of macroparticles, among the largest ones of similar studies. We found significant fundamental emission if the relative beam density is small enough (say, $\le$ 0.01), in line with earlier study with a much-smaller domain; the relative intensity (normalized by the total initial beam energy) of all modes, except the mode associated with the beam-electromagnetic Weibel instability, decreases with increasing relative density of the beam. We also found significant transverse magnetic component associated with the superluminal Langmuir turbulence, which has been mistakenly regarded as evidence of the F emission in earlier study. Further investigations are required to reveal their origin.
From Majorana fermions to topological quantum computation in semiconductor/superconductor heterostructures
Creators: name: Sau, Jay
name: Tewari, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a pedagogical review of topological superconductivity and its consequences in spin-orbit coupled semiconductor/superconductor heterostructures. We start by reviewing the historical origins of the notions of Dirac and Majorana fermions in particle physics and discuss how lower dimensional versions of these emerge in one dimensional superconductors. Ultimately, we focus on Majorana zero-modes, which emerge at defects in the Majorana equation. We then review the definition of the topological invariant, and how it allows the prediction of such Majorana modes from the bulk bandstructure of realistic superconductors, which do not have Lorentz invariance. Finally, we end with a discussion of protocols for how to detect such Majorana modes and use them for topological quantum computation.
description: A pedagogical review submitted as a book chapter
A “Maze of Stone-shadowed Twilight”
Creators: name: Franceschini, Stefano
Publisher: name: RSAJournal
Year: 2022

description: This article analyzes H. P. Lovecraft’s only novel At the Mountains of Madness (1936), the author’s most representative endeavor of what I would refer to as “neosupernatural parascientificfiction” – a literary mode defined by the efficacious interplay of (dreadful) unnatural phenomena and science-oriented veracity. Interrogating the persistent oscillation between linguistic overdescription and referential ambiguity in Lovecraft’s longest story, while assessing its evident but idiosyncratic indebtedness to E. A. Poe’s The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1837), I argue that At the Mountains of Madness dwells on conceptual, chronospatial as well as textual complexity to establish a connection between form, content and readerly experience. I turn to Graham Harman’s weird realism theory and Joseph Frank’s seminal notion of literary spatiality to posit that the story’s thematic apparatus, labyrinthine discourse, and intertextual dynamics concur to set up a trap into which readers are lured, in order to elicit in them a growing sense of disorientation.
description: RSAJournal, Vol. 33 (2022): Sites of Emergency, States of Exception
Millimeter Dust Emission and Planetary Dynamics in the HD 106906 System
Creators: name: Fehr, Anna
name: Hughes, A. Meredith
name: Dawson, Rebekah I.
name: Marino, Rachel E.
name: Ackelsberg, Matan
name: Kittling, Jamar
name: Flaherty, Kevin M.
name: Nesvold, Erika
name: Carpenter, John
name: Andrews, Sean M.
name: Matthews, Brenda
name: Crotts, Katie
name: Kalas, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Debris disks are dusty, optically thin structures around main sequence stars. HD 106906AB is a short-period stellar binary, host to a wide separation planet, HD 106906b, and a debris disk. Only a few known systems include a debris disk and a directly imaged planet, and HD 106906 is the only one in which the planet is exterior to the disk. The debris disk is edge-on and highly asymmetric in scattered light. Here we resolve the disk structure at a resolution of 0.38" (39 au) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. We model the disk with both a narrow and broad ring of material, and find that a radially broad, axisymmetric disk between radii of $\sim$50$-$100 au is able to capture the structure of the observations without evidence of any asymmetry or eccentricity, other than a tentative stellocentric offset. We place stringent upper limits on both the gas and dust content of a putative circumplanetary disk. We interpret the ALMA data in concert with scattered light observations of the inner ring and astrometric constraints on the planet's orbit, and find that the observations are consistent with a large-separation, low-eccentricity orbit for the planet. A dynamical analysis indicates that the central binary can efficiently stabilize planetesimal orbits interior to $\sim$100 au, which relaxes the constraints on eccentricity and semimajor axis somewhat. The observational constraints are consistent with in situ formation via gravitational instability, but cannot rule out a scattering event as the origin for HD 106906b's current orbit.
Domain walls between 3d phases of Reshetikhin-Turaev TQFTs
Creators: name: Koppen, Vincent
name: Mulevicius, Vincentas
name: Runkel, Ingo
name: Schweigert, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study surface defects in three-dimensional topological quantum field theories which separate different theories of Reshetikhin-Turaev type. Based on the new notion of a Frobenius algebra over two commutative Frobenius algebras, we present an explicit and computable construction of such defects. It specialises to the construction in Carqueville et al., arXiv:1710.10214 if all 3-strata are labelled by the same topological field theory. We compare the results to the model-independent analysis in Fuchs et al., arXiv:1203.4568 and find agreement.
description: 42 pages
La svolta TransMediterrAtlantica del pensiero critico dei confini del progetto “S/murare il Mediterraneo”
Creators: name: Zaccaria, Paola
name: Carbonara, Lorena
Publisher: name: RSAJournal
Year: 2022

description: Second contribution to the Serialised Forum Frontiera/Frontiere: Conversazioni su confini e migrazioni tra il Mediterraneo e l’Atlantico
description: RSAJournal, Vol. 33 (2022): Sites of Emergency, States of Exception
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 4 (52)]
Creators: name: , Petrus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1314
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Petrus, Sohn des verstorbenen Obizo de Rozio, aus Oggiono verkauft ad libellum dem Petrus, genannt Perzius, Sohn des verstorbenen Ardericus Tascha, aus der Gemeinde St. Protaxii ad monachos an der porta nova in Mailand ein Stück Land in Oggiono, dessen Pacht an das Kloster von Civate abzuführen ist.
Multi-modal Understanding and Generation for Medical Images and Text via Vision-Language Pre-Training
Creators: name: Moon, Jong Hak
name: Lee, Hyungyung
name: Shin, Woncheol
name: Kim, Young-Hak
name: Choi, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently a number of studies demonstrated impressive performance on diverse vision-language multi-modal tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering by extending the BERT architecture with multi-modal pre-training objectives. In this work we explore a broad set of multi-modal representation learning tasks in the medical domain, specifically using radiology images and the unstructured report. We propose Medical Vision Language Learner (MedViLL), which adopts a BERT-based architecture combined with a novel multi-modal attention masking scheme to maximize generalization performance for both vision-language understanding tasks (diagnosis classification, medical image-report retrieval, medical visual question answering) and vision-language generation task (radiology report generation). By statistically and rigorously evaluating the proposed model on four downstream tasks with three radiographic image-report datasets (MIMIC-CXR, Open-I, and VQA-RAD), we empirically demonstrate the superior downstream task performance of MedViLL against various baselines, including task-specific architectures. The source code is publicly available at: https://github.com/SuperSupermoon/MedViLL
description: Accepted by IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
One-body reduced density-matrix functional theory for the canonical ensemble
Creators: name: Sutter, Sarina M.
name: Giesbertz, Klaas J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish one-body reduced density-matrix functional theory for the canonical ensemble in a finite basis set at an elevated temperature. Including temperature guarantees differentiability of the universal functional by occupying all states and additionally not fully occupying the states in a fermionic system. We use convexity of the universal functional and invertibility of the potential-to-1RDM map to show that the subgradient contains only one element which is equivalent to differentiability. This allows us to show that all 1RDMs with a purely fractional occupation number spectrum ($0 < n_i < 1 \; \forall_i$) are uniquely $v$-representable up to a constant.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Erdos-Szekeres tableaux
Creators: name: Ault, Shaun V.
name: Shemmer, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06A05, 06A06

description: We explore a question related to the celebrated Erdős-Szekeres Theorem and develop a geometric approach to answer it. Our main object of study is the Erdős-Szekeres tableau, or EST, of a number sequence. An EST is the sequence of integral points whose coordinates record the length of the longest increasing and longest decreasing subsequence ending at each element of the sequence. We define the Order Poset of an EST in order to answer the question: What information about the sequence can be recovered by its EST?
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
ALMA uncovers highly filamentary structure towards the Sgr E region
Creators: name: Wallace, J.
name: Battersby, C.
name: Mills, E. A. C.
name: Henshaw, J. D.
name: Sormani, M. C.
name: Ginsburg, A.
name: Barnes, A. T.
name: Hatchfield, H. P.
name: Glover, S. C. O.
name: Anderson, L. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the discovery of linear filaments observed in CO(1-0) emission for a $\sim2'$ field of view toward the Sgr E star forming region centered at (l,b)=(358.720$^\circ$, 0.011$^\circ$). The Sgr E region is thought to be at the turbulent intersection of the ''far dust lane'' associated with the Galactic bar and the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ). This region is subject to strong accelerations which are generally thought to inhibit star formation, yet Sgr E contains a large number of HII regions. We present $^{12}$CO(1-0), $^{13}$CO(1-0), and C$^{18}$O(1-0) spectral line observations from ALMA and provide measurements of the physical and kinematic properties for two of the brightest filaments. These filaments have widths (FWHM) of $\sim0.1$ pc and are oriented nearly parallel to the Galactic plane, with angles from the Galactic plane of $\sim2^\circ$. The filaments are elongated, with lower limit aspect ratios of $\sim$5:1. For both filaments we detect two distinct velocity components that are separated by about 15 km s$^{-1}$. In the C$^{18}$O spectral line data with $\sim$0.09 pc spatial resolution, we find that these velocity components have relatively narrow ($\sim$1-2 km s$^{-1}$) FWHM linewidths when compared to other sources towards the Galactic center. The properties of these filaments suggest that the gas in the Sgr E complex is being ''stretched'' as it is rapidly accelerated by the gravitational field of the Galactic bar while falling towards the CMZ, a result that could provide insight into the extreme environment surrounding this region and the large-scale processes which fuel this environment.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
A novel missense mutation in the amino-terminal domain of the human androgen receptor gene in a family with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome causes reduced efficiency of protein translation.
Creators: name: Choong, C S
name: Wilson, E M
name: French, F S
name: Quigley, C A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The role of the androgen receptor (AR) in male sexual differentiation is revealed in part by the analysis of naturally occurring mutations in families with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). We have investigated a family with partial AIS affecting three generations and have identified a G to A substitution in the AR gene at the fourth position 3' from the A of the ATG initiation codon changing the second amino acid residue from glutamic acid to lysine (EK2). Transient expression of the mutant EK2-pCMVhAR expression vector in COS cells revealed decreased translation with a 20-50% reduction in mutant protein relative to wild type AR by immunoblot analysis. The rate of dissociation of [3H]methyltrienolone from the EK2 mutant (half-time [t1/2] = 1.7 +/- 0.08 SE h) was increased compared with wild type AR (t1/2 = 2.4 +/- 0.11 h). Cotransfection studies using an androgen responsive luciferase reporter vector demonstrated a 50% reduction in transcriptional activation by EK2. These functional alterations are consistent with the partial AIS phenotype in affected males, corroborate the AR amino-terminal domain effect on kinetics of androgen binding, and provide physiological evidence for earlier translation experiments identifying the nucleotide sequence for optimal translation initiation.
Distinctive immune response patterns of human and murine autoimmune sera to U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein C protein.
Creators: name: Hamilton, K J
name: Satoh, M
name: Richards, H B
name: Panka, D
name: Reeves, W H
name: Eisenberg, R A
name: Langdon, J J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The Ul small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), a complex of nine proteins with Ul RNA, is a frequent target of autoantibodies in human and murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Anti-Sm antibodies recognizing the B'/B, D, E, F, and G proteins of Ul snRNPs are highly specific for SLE, and are nearly always accompanied by anti-nRNP antibodies recognizing the Ul snRNP-specific 70K, A, and/or C proteins. Previous studies suggest that human anti-nRNP antibodies recognize primarily the U1-70K and Ul-A proteins, whereas recognition of Ul-C is less frequent. We report here that autoantibodies to U1-C are more common in human autoimmune sera than believed previously. Using a novel immunoprecipitation technique to detect autoantibodies to native Ul-C, 75/78 human sera with anti-nRNP/ Sm antibodies were anti-Ul-C (+). In striking contrast, only 1/65 anti-nRNP/Sm (+) MRL mouse sera of various Igh allotypes was positive. Two of ten anti-nRNP/Sm (+) sera from BALB/c mice with a lupus-like syndrome induced by pristane recognized Ul-C. Thus, lupus in MRL mice was characterized by a markedly lower frequency of anti-U1-C antibodies than seen in human SLE or pristane-induced lupus. The results may indicate different pathways of intermolecular-intrastructural diversification of autoantibody responses to the components of Ul snRNPs in human and murine lupus, possibly mediated by alterations in antigen processing induced by the autoantibodies themselves.
A Laboratory Frame Density Matrix for Ultrafast Quantum Molecular Dynamics
Creators: name: Gregory, Margaret
name: Neville, Simon
name: Schuurman, Michael
name: Makhija, Varun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In most cases the ultrafast dynamics of resonantly excited molecules are considered, and almost always computed in the molecular frame, while experiments are carried out in the laboratory frame. Here we provide a formalism in terms of a lab frame density matrix which connects quantum dynamics in the molecular frame to those in the laboratory frame, providing a transparent link between computation and measurement. The formalism reveals that in any such experiment, the molecular frame dynamics vary for molecules in different orientations and that certain coherences which are potentially experimentally accessible are rejected by the orientation-averaged reduced vibronic density matrix. Instead, Molecular Angular Distribution Moments (MADMs) are introduced as a more accurate representation of experimentally accessible information. Furthermore, the formalism provides a clear definition of a molecular frame quantum tomography, and specifies the requirements to perform such a measurement enabling the experimental imaging of molecular frame vibronic dynamics. Successful completion of such a measurement fully characterizes the molecular frame quantum dynamics for a molecule at any orientation in the laboratory frame.
RC100: Rotation Curves of 100 Massive Star-Forming Galaxies at z=0.6-2.5 Reveal Little Dark Matter on Galactic Scales
Creators: name: Shachar, A. Nestor
name: Price, S. H.
name: Schreiber, N. M. Förster
name: Genzel, R.
name: Shimizu, T. T.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Übler, H.
name: Burkert, A.
name: Davies, R. I.
name: Deke, A.
name: Herrera-Camus, R.
name: Lee, L. L.
name: Liu, D.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Naab, T.
name: Neri, R.
name: Renzini, A.
name: Saglia, R.
name: Schuster, K.
name: Sternberg, A.
name: Wisnioski, E.
name: Wuyts, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze Ha or CO rotation curves (RCs) extending out to several galaxy effective radii for 100 massive, large, star-forming disk galaxies (SFGs) across the peak of cosmic galaxy star formation (z~0.6-2.5), more than doubling the previous sample presented by Genzel et al. (2020) and Price et al. (2021). The observations were taken with SINFONI and KMOS integral-field spectrographs at ESO-VLT, LUCI at LBT, NOEMA at IRAM, and ALMA. We fit the major axis kinematics with beam-convolved, forward models of turbulent rotating disks with bulges embedded in dark matter (DM) halos, including the effects of pressure support. The fraction of dark to total matter within the disk effective radius ($R_e ~ 5 kpc$), $f_DM (R_e)=V_{DM}^2 (R_e)/V_{circ}^2 (R_e)$, decreases with redshift: At z~1 (z~2) the median DM fraction is $0.38\pm 0.23$ ($0.27\pm 0.18$), and a third (half) of all galaxies are "maximal" disks with $f_{DM} (R_e)<0.28$. Dark matter fractions correlate inversely with the baryonic surface density, and the low DM fractions require a flattened, or cored, inner DM density distribution. At z~2 there is ~40% less dark matter mass on average within $R_e$ compared to expected values based on cosmological stellar-mass halo-mass relations. The DM deficit is more evident at high star formation rate (SFR) surface densities ($Σ_{SFR}>2.5 M_{\odot} yr^{-1} kpc^{-2}$) and galaxies with massive bulges ($M_{bulge}>10^{10} M_{\odot}$). A combination of stellar or active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, and/or heating due to dynamical friction, either from satellite accretion or clump migration, may drive the DM from cuspy into cored mass distributions. The observations plausibly indicate an efficient build-up of massive bulges and central black holes at z~2 SFGs.
description: Submitted to ApJ (34 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables)