cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and effectualness of closed-form, frequency-domain waveforms for non-spinning black hole binaries
Creators: name: Damour, T.
name: Nagar, A.
name: Trias, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coalescences of binary black hole (BBH) systems, here taken to be non-spinning, are among the most promising sources for gravitational wave (GW) ground-based detectors, such as LIGO and Virgo. To detect the GW signals emitted by BBHs, and measure the parameters of the source, one needs to have in hand a bank of GW templates that are both effectual (for detection), and accurate (for measurement). We study the effectualness and the accuracy of the two types of parametrized banks of templates that are directly defined in the frequency-domain by means of closed-form expressions, namely 'post-Newtonian' (PN) and 'phenomenological' models. In absence of knowledge of the exact waveforms, our study assumes as fiducial, target waveforms the ones generated by the most accurate version of the effective one body (EOB) formalism. We find that, for initial GW detectors the use, at each point of parameter space, of the best closed-form template (among PN and phenomenological models) leads to an effectualness >97% over the entire mass range and >99% in an important fraction of parameter space; however, when considering advanced detectors, both of the closed-form frequency-domain models fail to be effectual enough in significant domains of the two-dimensional [total mass and mass ratio] parameter space. Moreover, we find that, both for initial and advanced detectors, the two closed-form frequency-domain models fail to satisfy the minimal required accuracy standard in a very large domain of the two-dimensional parameter space. In addition, a side result of our study is the determination, as a function of the mass ratio, of the maximum frequency at which a frequency-domain PN waveform can be 'joined' onto a NR-calibrated EOB waveform without undue loss of accuracy.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Duality of the spin and density dynamics for two-dimensional electrons with a spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Tokatly, I. V.
name: Sherman, E. Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spin dynamics in a two-dimensional electron gas with a pure gauge non-Abelian spin-orbit field, for which systems with balanced Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings, and the (110)-axis grown GaAs quantum wells are typical examples. We demonstrate the duality of the spin evolution and the electron-density dynamics in a system without spin-orbit coupling, which considerably simplifies and deepens the analysis of spin-dependent processes. This duality opens a venue for the understanding of this class of systems, highly interesting for their applications in spintronics, through known properties of the systems without spin-orbit coupling.
description: version accepted to PRB, revtex4, 4+ pages, 1 figure
A glimpse into the magical world of quantum gravity
Creators: name: Hod, Shahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this essay it is proved that, in a self-consistent semiclassical theory of gravity, the asymptotically measured orbital periods of test particles around central compact objects are fundamentally bounded from below by the compact universal relation $T_{\infty}\geq{{2πe\hbar}\over{\sqrt{G}c^2 m^2_{e}}}$ [here $\{m_e,e\}$ are respectively the proper mass and the electric charge of the electron, the lightest charged particle]. The explicit dependence of the lower bound on the fundamental constants $\{G,c,\hbar\}$ of gravity, special relativity, and quantum theory suggests that it provides a rare glimpse into the yet unknown quantum theory of gravity.
description: 7 pages. This essay received an Honorable Mention from the Gravity Research Foundation 2024
The targum (1962:Dec. 3 - 1962:Dec. 20)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1962

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Particle interactions and lattice dynamics: Scenarios for efficient bidirectional stochastic transport?
Creators: name: Ebbinghaus, M.
name: Appert-Rolland, C.
name: Santen, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intracellular transport processes driven by molecular motors can be described by stochastic lattice models of self-driven particles. Here we focus on bidirectional transport models excluding the exchange of particles on the same track. We explore the possibility to have efficient transport in these systems. One possibility would be to have appropriate interactions between the various motors' species, so as to form lanes. However, we show that the lane formation mechanism based on modified attachment/detachment rates as it was proposed previously is not necessarily connected to an efficient transport state and is suppressed when the diffusivity of unbound particles is finite. We propose another interaction mechanism based on obstacle avoidance that allows to have lane formation for limited diffusion. Besides, we had shown in a separate paper that the dynamics of the lattice itself could be a key ingredient for the efficiency of bidirectional transport. Here we show that lattice dynamics and interactions can both contribute in a cooperative way to the efficiency of transport. In particular, lattice dynamics can decrease the interaction threshold beyond which lanes form. Lattice dynamics may also enhance the transport capacity of the system even when lane formation is suppressed.
description: 25 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables
Search for conformal invariance in compressible two-dimensional turbulence
Creators: name: Stefanus, S.
name: Larkin, J.
name: Goldburg, W. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for conformal invariance in vorticity isolines of two-dimensional compressible turbulence. The vorticity is measured by tracking the motion of particles that float at the surface of a turbulent tank of water. The three-dimensional turbulence in the tank has a Taylor microscale $Re_λ\simeq 160$. The conformal invariance theory being tested here is related to the behavior of equilibrium systems near a critical point. This theory is associated with the work of Löwner, Schramm and others and is usually referred to as Schramm-Löwner Evolution (SLE). The system was exposed to several tests of SLE. The results of these tests suggest that zero-vorticity isolines exhibit noticeable departures from this type of conformal invariance.
Hidden conformal symmetry of extreme and non-extreme Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion black holes
Creators: name: Chen, Deyou
name: Wang, Hui
name: Wu, Houwen
name: Yang, Haitang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hidden conformal symmetry of extreme and non-extreme Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion (EMDA) black holes is addressed in this paper. For the non-extreme one, employing the wave equation of massless scalars, the conformal symmetry with left temperature $T_{L}=\frac{M}{2πa}$ and right temperature $T_{R}=\frac{\sqrt{M^{2}-a^{2}}}{2πa}$ in the near region is found. The conformal symmetry is spontaneously broken due to the periodicity of the azimuthal angle. The microscopic entropy is derived by the Cardy formula and is fully in consistence with the Bekenstein-Hawking area-entropy law. The absorption cross section in the near region is calculated and exactly equals that in a 2D CFT. For the extreme case, by redefining the conformal coordinates, the duality between the solution space and CFT is studied. The microscopic entropy is found to exactly agree with the area-entropy law.
description: V3, typos corrected, version to appear in JHEP
Spin-charge separation in one-dimensional fermion systems beyond the Luttinger liquid theory
Creators: name: Schmidt, Thomas L.
name: Imambekov, Adilet
name: Glazman, Leonid I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a nonperturbative zero-temperature theory for the dynamic response functions of interacting one-dimensional spin-1/2 fermions. In contrast to the conventional Luttinger liquid theory, we take into account the nonlinearity of the fermion dispersion exactly. We calculate the power-law singularities of the spectral function and the charge and spin density structure factors for arbitrary momenta and interaction strengths. The exponents characterizing the singularities are functions of momenta and differ significantly from the predictions of the linear Luttinger liquid theory. We generalize the notion of the spin-charge separation to the nonlinear spectrum. This generalization leads to phenomenological relations between threshold exponents and the threshold energy.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures
Lernberatung als neue Aufgabe für Bibliotheken
Creators: name: Linsler, Anne
name: Mönnich, Michael W.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: Lernberatung

description: Bibliotheken sind als Lern- und Arbeitsräume bei Studierenden äußerst beliebt. Da Stöbern am Bücherregal, Anlesen und Ausleihen von Büchern in den Lesesälen gegenüber dieser Nutzung immer mehr zurück treten, ändern sich auch die Anforderungen an das Aufsichtspersonal: Lernende in der Bibliothek stehen heute vielmehr vor der Herausforderung, Literatur zu bewerten und strukturiert weiterzuverarbeiten, sodass Hilfestellung in diesem Bereich zukünftig sinnvollerweise zum Aufgabenprofil der Bibliotheksmitarbeiter gehören wird. Um diesem Wandel gerecht zu werden, werden Bibliotheksmitarbeiter/innen nun vom House of Competence (HoC), der zentralen Einrichtung für Schlüsselqualifizierung am KIT, in einem eigens dafür konzipierten Workshop zu Lernberatern qualifiziert. Inhalte der Weiterbildung sind neben Grundlagen des Lernens und der Gesprächsführung Lern- und Arbeitstechniken aus dem Bereich Informationskompetenz: Wie bewerte und priorisiere ich Literatur? Wie sichte ich Literatur gezielt? Welche Lese- und Markierungstechniken könnten hilfreich sein? Aber auch: wie plane und organisiere ich meinen Literaturbeschaffungs- und Literaturverarbeitungsprozess realistisch? Im Vortrag werden die Inhalte der Kurse, erste Erfahrungen mit der neuen Tätigkeit als Lernberater und sich daraus ergebende Anpassung in der Arbeitsorganisation wie räumliche Veränderungen an den Auskunftsplätzen vorgestellt. KIT-Bibliothek und HoC kooperieren schon seit einiger Zeit im Bereich der Ausgestaltung von Lernräumen.
Intrinsic Alignment of Cluster Galaxies: the Redshift Evolution
Creators: name: Hao, Jiangang
name: Kubo, Jeffrey M.
name: Feldmann, Robert
name: Annis, James
name: Johnston, David E.
name: Lin, Huan
name: McKay, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of two types of cluster galaxy alignments based on a volume limited and highly pure ($\ge$ 90%) sample of clusters from the GMBCG catalog derived from SDSS DR7. We detect a clear BCG alignment (the alignment of major axis of the BCG toward the distribution of cluster satellite galaxies). We find that the BCG alignment signal becomes stronger as the redshift and BCG absolute magnitude decrease, and becomes weaker as BCG stellar mass decreases. No dependence of the BCG alignment on cluster richness is found. We can detect a statistically significant ($\ge$ 3 sigma) satellite alignment (the alignment of the major axes of the cluster satellite galaxies toward the BCG) only when we use the isophotal fit position angles (PAs, hereafter), and the satellite alignment depends on the apparent magnitudes rather than the absolute magnitudes of the BCGs. This suggests the detected satellite alignment based on isophotoal PAs from the SDSS pipeline is possibly due to the contamination from the diffuse light of nearby BCGs. We caution that this should not be simply interpreted as non-existence of the satellite alignment, but rather that we cannot detect them with our current photometric SDSS data. We perform our measurements on both SDSS $r$ band and $i$ band data, but did not observe a passband dependence of the alignments.
description: Updated to match the version to be published in ApJ
title: Probabilistic Breadth as an Evaluation Measure of Gaussian Mixture Models used for Acoustic Emotion States
Creators: name: Böck, Ronald
name: Siegert, Ingo
name: Wendemuth, Andreas
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2016

description: The automatic speech recognition and speech-based emotion recognition is based on statistical learning methods which are usually highly tuned. Using the content and emotional information from spoken utterances this provides the opportunity to generate human-machine communication which achieves characteristics of cognitive systems. The systems or recognisers are based on learning methods which are well-known. But, an interpretation or evaluation of such classifiers is usually challenging. Classifiers identify categorical regions in n-dimensional feature spaces by modelling the observation probability by mixtures of multivariate Gaussian densities. For this, we present an approach which allows a more detailed interpretation of the classifier and provides an insight to the method. Our approach is based on the breadth of the resulting Gaussian model which can be generated from the mixture models given by the classifier. We introduce the method and present first results on the EmoDB corpus using a classifier with seven mixtures per emotion. In this exemplary case the classification performance is 64.48% unweighted average recall over all Leave-One-Speaker-Out tests. Investigating the probability models, we draw first conclusions on the characteristics of the Gaussian mixtures applying the breadth as the only parameter.
Characterization of virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical and environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in Canada
Creators: name: Liu, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a naturally occurring marine organism with a worldwide distribution in estuaries and coastal environments. Consequently, V. parahaemolyticus bio-accumulates in the gut of filter-feeding molluscan shellfish (e.g. oysters) and is a common cause of seafood associated gastroenteritis. Recent data show increased rates of V. parahaemolyticus infection in Canada, particularly British Columbia (BCCDC, 2015; PHAC, 2014). To further improve our understanding of the types of V. parahaemolyticus strains that exist in the Canadian (primarily British Columbia) environment and facilitate assessment of risk to public health, virulence profiles and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns were determined for 600 isolates collected between 1998 and 2011. Clinical isolates (n=64) and environmental strains (n=536) cultured from oysters collected from Canadian growing areas were analyzed in this study. A multiplex PCR assay was used to confirm all isolates as V. parahaemolyticus and characterize virulence gene profiles (tdh and trh). AMR phenotypes were determined by a disc diffusion assay using a panel of 20 clinically relevant antibiotics. Further sub-typing using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was conducted on a subset (clinical, n=31; environmental, n=135) of isolates. Results showed 53% of clinical and 8% of environmental isolates possess at least one of the virulence markers. Overall levels of AMR were low, with 7% of isolates exhibiting pansusceptibility and 0.5% displaying resistance to 4 antibiotics. Ampicillin resistance was widespread (91%) with resistance to cephalothin (29%), streptomycin (4.3%), sulfisoxazole (2.7%), piperacillin (2.3%), oxolinic acid (0.5%), ceftiofur (0.4%), gentamicin (0.2%), and kanamycin (0.2%) also seen. MLST analysis showed the V. parahaemolyticus population structure is genetically diverse with 36 novel sequence types (STs) identified, all recovered from environmental isolates. In comparison, a smaller number of STs appear to be responsible for illnesses in British Columbia. Generally, findings from this research provide evidence that differences in virulence, AMR, and STs exist among clinically and environmentally derived V. parahaemolyticus. Future investigations using more discriminatory analyses, such as whole genome sequencing, may elucidate other factors and/or predictors of V. parahaemolyticus virulence as well as mechanisms mediating antibiotic resistance; this may facilitate studies attempting to understand the interplay between virulence and AMR.
Diffusion-mediated geminate reactions under excluded volume interactions
Creators: name: Seki, Kazuhiko
name: Wojcik, Mariusz
name: Tachiya, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, influence of crowding by inert particles on the geminate reaction kinetics is theoretically investigated. Time evolution equations for the survival probability of a geminate pair are derived from the master equation taking into account the correlation among all diffusing particles. The results interpolate between low and high concentrations of the inert particles. Excluded volume interactions by the inert particles hinder the diffusive motion of reactants. When the initial distribution of the inert particles is uniform, the excluded volume interactions slow the decay of the survival probability of a geminate pair in contrast to the acceleration of the decay found for the target problem under the presence of the excluded volume interactions among reactants. We also obtain the escape probability for a non-uniform initial distribution of the inert particles and show that reaction yield is increased when the reaction proceeds in the presence of a positive density gradient of the inert particles which inhibits the escape of reactants. The effect can be interpreted as a cage effect.
Entwicklung eines chemisch sensitiven Detektors für die Gelpermeationschromatographie auf Basis von Infrarotspektroskopie
Creators: name: Beskers, Timo Florian
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: Gelpermeationschromatographie
Kopplung
FTIR Spektroskopie
QCL
Detektor

description: In dieser Arbeit wurde eine Kopplung aus FTIR Spektroskopie und Gelpermeationschromatographie entwickelt, die online funktioniert und daher als chemisch sensitiver Detektor eingesetzt werden kann. Die verschiedenen Schritte zur Entwicklung und Optimierung der Methode werden beschrieben und die Anwendung an verschiedenen exemplarischen Fragestellungen gezeigt. Zusätzlich werden erste Ergebnisse einer EC-QCL-Kopplung mit Chromatographie beschrieben.
Dual Instantons in Anti-membranes Theory
Creators: name: Imaanpur, A.
name: Naghdi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce two ansatzs for the 3-form potential of Euclidean 11d supergravity on skew-whiffed AdS_4 X S^7 background which results in two scalar modes with m^2=-2 on AdS_4. Being conformally coupled with a quartic interaction it is possible to find the exact solutions of the scalar equation on this background. These modes turn out to be invariant under SU(4) subgroup of SO(8) isometry group, whereas there are no corresponding SU(4) singlet BPS operators of dimensions one or two on the boundary ABJM theory. Noticing the interchange of 8_s and 8_c representations under skew-whiffing in the bulk, we propose the theory of anti-membranes should similarly be obtained from ABJM theory by swapping these representations. In particular, this enables us to identify the dual boundary operators of the two scalar modes. We deform the boundary theory by the dual operators and examine the fermionic field equations and compare the solutions of the deformed theory with those of the bulk.
description: 14 pages, minor changes, added refs
Bruising of Midwestern Storage Onions
Creators: name: Wright, W. R.
name: Billeter, B. A.
name: Wright, W. R.
name: Billeter, B. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Report Summary: The role of bruising with respect to a watery scale condition of the hard, yellow, storage onion of the north central onion-growing area of the Midwest was explored. Artificially bruised onions showed a marked ability to "recover" from the visible effects of the injury. Such recovery was favored by room or 60° F. temperature over 38°. Bruised onions were not predisposed to decay as a result of bruising. Neither harvesting, storage, nor grading practices that were observed encouraged objectionable bruising symptoms. Researchers suspect damage occurs during transit. This defect has probably been confused on occasion with translucent scale resulting from long-term storage, or with freezing injury.
Josephson effect and spin-triplet pairing correlations in SF1F2S junctions
Creators: name: Trifunovic, Luka
name: Popovic, Zorica
name: Radovic, Zoran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the Josephson effect and pairing correlations in planar SF1F2S junctions that consist of conventional superconductors (S) connected by two metallic monodomain ferromagnets (F1 and F2) with transparent interfaces. We obtain both spin-singlet and -triplet pair amplitudes and the Josephson current-phase relations for arbitrary orientation of the magnetizations using the self-consistent solutions of Eilenberger equations in the clean limit and for a moderate disorder in ferromagnets. We find that the long-range spin-triplet correlations cannot prevail in symmetric junctions with equal ferromagnetic layers. Surprisingly, the long-range spin-triplet correlations give the dominant second harmonic in the Josephson current-phase relation of highly asymmetric SF1F2S junctions. The effect is robust against moderate disorder and variations in the layers thickness and exchange energy of ferromagnets.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Effects of voids on the reconstruction of the equation of state of Dark Energy
Creators: name: de Lavallaz, Arnaud
name: Fairbairn, Malcolm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantify the effects of the voids known to exist in the Universe upon the reconstruction of the dark energy equation of state $w$. We show that the effect can start to be comparable with some of the other errors taken into account when analysing supernova data, depending strongly upon the low redshift cut-off used in the sample. For the supernova data alone, the error induced in the reconstruction of $w$ is much larger than the percent level. When the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations and the CMB data are included in the fit, the effect of the voids upon the determination of $w$ is much lessened, but is not much smaller than some of the other errors taken into consideration when performing such fits.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Untersuchung der Rolle der Annealing Helikasen HARP und AH2 sowie der Transläsionspolymerase REV3 in der DNA-Schadensantwort von Arabidopsis thaliana
Creators: name: Kobbe, Sabrina
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014

description: The aim of this thesis was to examine the annealing helicases HARP and AH2 as well as the TLS-polymerase REV3 regarding their functions in DNA-repair and -recombination in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
Seen and unseen tidal caustics in the Andromeda galaxy
Creators: name: Sanderson, Robyn Ellyn
name: Bertschinger, Edmund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Indirect detection of high-energy particles from dark matter interactions is a promising avenue for learning more about dark matter, but is hampered by the frequent coincidence of high-energy astrophysical sources of such particles with putative high-density regions of dark matter. We calculate the boost factor and gamma-ray flux from dark matter associated with two shell-like caustics of luminous tidal debris recently discovered around the Andromeda galaxy, under the assumption that dark matter is its own supersymmetric antiparticle. These shell features could be a good candidate for indirect detection of dark matter via gamma rays because they are located far from the primary confusion sources at the galaxy's center, and because the shapes of the shells indicate that most of the mass has piled up near apocenter. Using a numerical estimator specifically calibrated to estimate densities in N-body representations with sharp features and a previously determined N-body model of the shells, we find that the largest boost factors do occur in the shells but are only a few percent. We also find that the gamma-ray flux is an order of magnitude too low to be detected with Fermi for likely dark matter parameters, and about 2 orders of magnitude less than the signal that would have come from the dwarf galaxy that produces the shells in the N-body model. We further show that the radial density profiles and relative radial spacing of the shells, in either dark or luminous matter, is relatively insensitive to the details of the potential of the host galaxy but depends in a predictable way on the velocity dispersion of the progenitor galaxy.
description: ApJ accepted
Learning Behavior Models for Interpreting and Predicting Traffic Situations
Creators: name: Gindele, Tobias
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: state estimation and prediction
dynamic Bayesian networks
machine learning
decision trees
autonomous driving

description: In this thesis, we present Bayesian state estimation and machine learning methods for predicting traffic situations. The cognitive ability to assess situations and behaviors of traffic participants, and to anticipate possible developments is an essential requirement for several applications in the traffic domain, especially for self-driving cars. We present a method for learning behavior models from unlabeled traffic observations and develop improved learning methods for decision trees.
Report on market and non - market economic values for environmental services of marine and coastal ecosystems (D5.5)
Creators: name: García, Carmen
name: León, Carmelo J.
name: Hernández, Matías M. González
name: González, Yen E. Lam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This Deliverable presents the results of the economic valuation of climate change impacts utilizing the non-market valuation method of Discrete Choice Experiments. The focus is on the priority nine impact chains for the tourism sector that have been assessed and reported in previous stages of SOCLIMPACT project. The Discrete Choice Experiment surveys were conducted both at island destinations and at the source countries of the tourists. For the surveys at the island destinations, 2,528 tourists in ten different islands were on-site investigated in 2019 by means of in-person interviews following a structured questionnaire that presented a set of policy proposals for counteracting the expected climate change impacts. The preferences of respondents as elicited with these questionnaires showed that tourists have significant positive values for the policies for climate change action at island destinations, with the most valued policies being those concerned with guaranteeing the availability of water resources, the restoration of marine habitats and the containment of the risks of infectious diseases. For the Discrete Choice Experiment surveys conducted at the source countries, 6,900 tourists who had travelled or were interested to travel to European Islands were interviewed on-line. The sample was divided between 4,838 subjects interviewed before the COVID-19, and 2,062 after the outbreak became widespread. The results show that the risks of climate change impacts will have significant effects on the destination choices of potential tourists to European island destinations, with the most sensitive effects for those related with the higher risks of infectious diseases, the damage to marine habitats and the forest fires. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic had a downward effect on the value that tourists attach to the problem of climate change on island destinations, although some of the impacts such as the risk of infection disease and forest fires did increase after the pandemic. Thus, the global disease outbreak had made tourists less sensitive to the expected impacts of climate change on island destinations, thereby experiencing a higher demand for tourist services that have been repressed over the pandemic. It can be expected that these effects are temporary and will tail out in the long run once the health crisis is overcome by a tourist market situation similar to the one before the pandemic.
title: Analysis of a Non-Equilibrium Vortex Pair as Aircraft Trailing Vortices
Creators: name: Ayala, Manuel
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Shortly after the roll-up evolution of the vortex sheet behind the wings of an aircraft, a coherent counter-rotating vortex pair emerges. Presence of this vortex pair in the downstream of an aircraft, creates unsafe conditions for other aircraft, especially near airport runways. Fundamental knowledge of the physics that govern the formation, duration and dissipation of aircraft wake vortices is desirable in order to improve aircraft operational safety. This study uses non-equilibrium pressure theory to develop an accurate model describing the physical behavior of the vortex pair created by an aircraft in the early to mid-field vortex regime. An isolated aircraft vortex is first considered, modeled and compared using several vortex models found in the literature. Additionally, the non-equilibrium model for an isolated vortex is compared with existing wind tunnel data. Eddy viscosity to kinematic viscosity ratio correlation for aircraft trailing vortices has been introduced to satisfy the turbulent energy embedded in the vortex cores. Subsequently, the counter-rotating vortex pair is considered, and detailed derivation of the non-equilibrium vortex pair model is introduced. The model is based on a two-dimensional steady state vortex pair in an unbounded atmosphere. Existence of a vortex pair with nonequilibrium cores embedded in an inviscid fluid medium is discussed. Vortex pairs are characterized by an accompanying isolating “atmosphere”, commonly known as “Kelvin oval”. The non-equilibrium vortex pair model predicts a complete departure from the potential oval size when the pair are near merger.
Supersymmetric Extension of Non-Hermitian su(2) Hamiltonian and Supercoherent States
Creators: name: Cherbal, Omar
name: Drir, Mahrez
name: Maamache, Mustapha
name: Trifonov, Dimitar A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with real spectrum, which are written as a real linear combination of su(2) generators in the form $ H=ωJ_{3}+αJ_{-}+βJ_{+}$, $α\neq β$, is analyzed. The metrics which allows the transition to the equivalent Hermitian Hamiltonian is established. A pseudo-Hermitian supersymmetic extension of such Hamiltonians is performed. They correspond to the pseudo-Hermitian supersymmetric systems of the boson-phermion oscillators. We extend the supercoherent states formalism to such supersymmetic systems via the pseudo-unitary supersymmetric displacement operator method. The constructed family of these supercoherent states consists of two dual subfamilies that form a bi-overcomplete and bi-normal system in the boson-phermion Fock space. The states of each subfamily are eigenvectors of the boson annihilation operator and of one of the two phermion lowering operators.
Labor Requirements and Operating Costs in Fast-Food Restaurants
Creators: name: Freshwater, John F.
name: Freshwater, John F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics

description: Excerpts from the report: The increase in demand for food away from home has engendered an increase in the number of food service businesses. This growth trend, along with increased costs for wages, food, and equipment, coupled with shortages of qualified personnel in the labor force, has required management to assign top priority to increasing labor and facility efficiency. These increased costs concern not only the food service industry, but also consumers, wholesalers, and producers. Increased marketing costs, wherever they occur in the distribution channel between the farm gate and the dinner table, reflect lower returns to growers and processors and higher prices to consumers. This report is part of a broad program of the Agricultural Marketing Research Institute, Agricultural Research Service, aimed at increasing the efficiency of the marketing system. This publication was designed to provide managers of fast-food restaurants with basic operating data to enable them to determine the costs and man-hours required for a specified volume of menu items. Potential savings through improving current methods were developed from operating statements of the restaurants that participated in this research.
Testing the Chiral Magnetic Effect with Central U+U collisions
Creators: name: Voloshin, Sergei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quark interaction with topologically nontrivial gluonic fields, instantons and sphalerons, violates ¶~ and \CP~ symmetry. In the strong magnetic field of a noncentral nuclear collision such interactions lead to the charge separation along the magnetic field, the so-called chiral magnetic effect (CME). Recent results from the STAR collaboration on charge dependent correlations are consistent with theoretical expectations for CME but may have contributions from other effects, which prevents definitive interpretation of the data. Here I propose to use central body-body $U+U$ collisions to disentangle correlations due to CME from possible background correlations due to elliptic flow. Further more quantitative studies can be performed with collision of isobaric beams.
description: Latex, 5 pages, 4 figures. 2 more references added. No change to figures or results. As published in Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 172301 (2010)
Singular tropical hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Dickenstein, Alicia
name: Tabera, Luis F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the notion of singular tropical hypersurfaces of any dimension. We characterize the singular points in terms of tropical Euler derivatives and we give an algorithm to compute all singular points. We also describe non-transversal intersection points of planar tropical curves.
description: Several improvements. Added a discussion in section 4 on the relationship of our results and previous results on tropical discriminants
Bonus Food Stamps and Cash Income Supplements Their Effectiveness in Expanding Demand for Food
Creators: name: Reese, Robert B.
name: Feaster, J. Gerald
name: Perkins, Garey B.
name: Reese, Robert B.
name: Feaster, J. Gerald
name: Perkins, Garey B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Food Stamp Program
subject: low-income families
subject: food expenditures
subject: income
subject: food assistance

description: The Food Stamp Program expanded rapidly following liberalizations during 1970 in program benefits and eligibility criteria. In 1969, 3.3 million persons received $264 million in bonus food stamps. By mid-1973, over 12 million persons were receiving bonus stamps valued at about $2 billion annually. In 1969, the average dollar’s worth of bonus stamps appeared to generate from 50 to 65 cents in additional food expenditures, with the balance having an income effect. Under the liberalized program, average effectiveness is approximately the same. Bonus stamps are still about twice as effective as cash income supplements in expanding demand for food. Demand expansion generated through bonus stamps in early 1973 accounted for nearly 1 percent of total U.S. food expenditures ($125 billion in 1972). Substantial portions of bonus stamp dollars have been spent for meats, other protein foods, fruits, vegetables, and bakery products.
Spherical collapse of inhomogeneous dust cloud in the Lovelock theory
Creators: name: Ohashi, Seiju
name: Shiromizu, Tetsuya
name: Jhingan, Sanjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric inhomogeneous dust cloud in the Lovelock theory without cosmological constant. We show that the final fate of gravitational collapse in this theory depends on the spacetime dimensions. In odd dimensions the naked singularities formed are found to be massive. In the even dimensions,on the other hand, the naked singularities are found to be massless. We also show that the curvature strength of naked singularity is independent of the spacetime dimensions in odd dimensions. However, it depends on the spacetime dimensions in even dimension.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, typos corrected, reference added, appendix added, accepted for publication in PRD
Cosmological Density Fluctuations on 100Mpc Scales and their ISW Effect
Creators: name: Pápai, Péter
name: Szapudi, István
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the matter probability distribution function (PDF) via counts in cells in a volume limited subsample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Luminous Red Galaxy Catalog on scales from $30 h^{-1}$Mpc to $150 h^{-1}$Mpc and estimate the linear Integrated Sachs--Wolfe effect produced by supervoids and superclusters in the tail of the PDF. We characterize the PDF by the variance, $S_3$, and $S_4$, and study in simulations the systematic effects due to finite volume, survey shape and redshift distortion. We compare our measurement to the prediction of $Λ$CDM with linear bias and find a good agreement. We use the moments to approximate the tail of the PDF with analytic functions. A simple Gaussian model for the superstructures appears to be consistent with the claim by Granett et al. that density fluctuations on $100 h^{-1}$Mpc scales produce hot and cold spots with $ΔT \approx 10μK$ on the cosmic microwave background.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, Updates to match the article accepted to ApJ
To be rather than to seem: facing our climate challenges in North Carolina
Creators: name: Dello, Kathie
name: Runkle, Jennifer
name: Rivers, Louie
name: Whitehead, Jessica
name: Martin, Amanda
name: Sebastian, Antonia
name: Hino, Miyuki
name: Cawley, Max
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: climate
subject: climate change
subject: resilience
subject: community engagement
subject: https://zenodo.org/search?q=subject.term%3A%22climate+change%22
subject: https://zenodo.org/search?q=subject.term%3A%22Climate+Change%22

description: Dello, Director of the NC State Climate Office, was an opening keynote presenter during the research symposium, and discussed current and future climate challenges in North Carolina. Dello discussed current climate challenges within the state; including increasingly warm and wet years, an increase in extreme weather like 'no-name' flooding, hurricanes, fires, flash droughts, and a rising sea level; and pointed to the fact that low-income and minority communities are most at risk. Dello went on to explain a holistic vision of resilience for North Carolina, and used a chart to show current options for how the state can respond to climate change (reduce or don't reduce fossil fuels; adapt or don't adapt to climate change) and the potential outcomes of these responses. Dello also discussed using local solutions to address global problems and pointed to co-produced and community-centered research to create actionable science that can become local policy. Dello also explained barriers to effective resilience, such as stakeholder fatigue, homogenous research teams, and lack of shared vision and values. Dello concluded with a summary of future significant climate changes in North Carolina, using the context of the North Carolina Climate Science Report, and emphasized the importance of taking actionable steps to address resilience challenges within the state.
Mechanical systems in the quantum regime
Creators: name: Poot, Menno
name: van der Zant, Herre S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical systems are ideal candidates for studying quantumbehavior of macroscopic objects. To this end, a mechanical resonator has to be cooled to its ground state and its position has to be measured with great accuracy. Currently, various routes to reach these goals are being explored. In this review, we discuss different techniques for sensitive position detection and we give an overview of the cooling techniques that are being employed. The latter include sideband cooling and active feedback cooling. The basic concepts that are important when measuring on mechanical systems with high accuracy and/or at very low temperatures, such as thermal and quantum noise, linear response theory, and backaction, are explained. From this, the quantum limit on linear position detection is obtained and the sensitivities that have been achieved in recent opto and nanoelectromechanical experiments are compared to this limit. The mechanical resonators that are used in the experiments range from meter-sized gravitational wave detectors to nanomechanical systems that can only be read out using mesoscopic devices such as single-electron transistors or superconducting quantum interference devices. A special class of nanomechanical systems are bottom-up fabricated carbon-based devices, which have very high frequencies and yet a large zero-point motion, making them ideal for reaching the quantum regime. The mechanics of some of the different mechanical systems at the nanoscale is studied. We conclude this review with an outlook of how state-of-the-art mechanical resonators can be improved to study quantum {\it mechanics}.
description: To appear in Phys. Rep
The non-resonant, relativistic dynamics of circumbinary planets
Creators: name: Migaszewski, Cezary
name: Gozdziewski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the non-resonant, 3-D (spatial) model of the hierarchical system composed of point-mass stellar (or sub-stellar) binary and a low-mass companion (a circumbinary planet or a brown dwarf). We take into account the leading relativistic corrections to the Newtonian gravity. The secular model of the system relies on the expansion of the perturbing Hamiltonian in terms of the ratio of semi-major axes $α$, averaged over the mean anomalies. We found that the low-mass object in a distant orbit may excite large eccentricity of the inner binary when the mutual inclination of the orbits is larger than about of 60 deg. This is related to strong instability caused by a phenomenon which acts similarly to the Lidov-Kozai resonance (LKR). The secular system may be strongly chaotic and its dynamics unpredictable over the long-term time scale. Our study shows that in the Jupiter-- or brown dwarf-- mass regime of the low-massive companion, the restricted model does not properly describe the long-term dynamics in the vicinity of the LKR. The relativistic correction is significant for the parametric structure of a few families of stationary solutions in this problem, in particular, for the direct orbits configurations (with the mutual inclination less than 90 degrees). We found that the dynamics of hierarchical systems with small $α\sim 0.01$ may be qualitatively different in the realm of the Newtonian (classic) and relativistic models. This holds true even for relatively large masses of the secondaries.
description: 18 pages, 17 figures, accepted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society