cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Body Shape Index (ABSI) achieves better mortality risk stratification than alternative indices of abdominal obesity: results from a large European cohort
Creators: name: Christakoudi, Sofia
name: Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.
name: Muller, David C.
name: Freisling, Heinz
name: Weiderpass, Elisabete
name: Overvad, Kim
name: Söderberg, Stefan
name: Häggström, Christel
name: Pischon, Tobias
name: Dahm, Christina C.
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Tjønneland, Anne
name: Halkjær, Jytte
name: MacDonald, Conor
name: Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
name: Mancini, Francesca Romana
name: Kühn, Tilman
name: Kaaks, Rudolf
name: Schulze, Matthias B.
name: Trichopoulou, Antonia
name: Karakatsani, Anna
name: Peppa, Eleni
name: Masala, Giovanna
name: Pala, Valeria
name: Panico, Salvatore
name: Tumino, Rosario
name: Sacerdote, Carlotta
name: Quirós, J. Ramón
name: Agudo, Antonio
name: Sánchez, Maria-Jose
name: Cirera, Lluís
name: Barricarte-Gurrea, Aurelio
name: Amiano, Pilar
name: Memarian, Ensieh
name: Sonestedt, Emily
name: Bueno-De-Mesquita, Bas
name: May, Anne M.
name: Khaw, Kay-Tee
name: Wareham, Nicholas J.
name: Tong, Tammy Y. N.
name: Huybrechts, Inge
name: Noh, Hwayoung
name: Aglago, Elom K.
name: Ellingjord-Dale, Merete
name: Ward, Heather A.
name: Aune, Dagfinn
name: Riboli, Elio
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/692/499
/692/699/317
/692/163/2743/393
/692/700/2817
/692/700/459/284
article

description: Abstract: Abdominal and general adiposity are independently associated with mortality, but there is no consensus on how best to assess abdominal adiposity. We compared the ability of alternative waist indices to complement body mass index (BMI) when assessing all-cause mortality. We used data from 352,985 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for other risk factors. During a mean follow-up of 16.1 years, 38,178 participants died. Combining in one model BMI and a strongly correlated waist index altered the association patterns with mortality, to a predominantly negative association for BMI and a stronger positive association for the waist index, while combining BMI with the uncorrelated A Body Shape Index (ABSI) preserved the association patterns. Sex-specific cohort-wide quartiles of waist indices correlated with BMI could not separate high-risk from low-risk individuals within underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) categories, while the highest quartile of ABSI separated 18–39% of the individuals within each BMI category, which had 22–55% higher risk of death. In conclusion, only a waist index independent of BMI by design, such as ABSI, complements BMI and enables efficient risk stratification, which could facilitate personalisation of screening, treatment and monitoring.
Background Dependent Lorentz Violation: Natural Solutions to the Theoretical Challenges of the OPERA Experiment
Creators: name: Li, Tianjun
name: Nanopoulos, Dimitri V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To explain both the OPERA experiment and all the known phenomenological constraints/observations on Lorentz violation, the Background Dependent Lorentz Violation (BDLV) has been proposed. We study the BDLV in a model independent way, and conjecture that there may exist a "Dream Special Relativity Theory", where all the Standard Model (SM) particles can be subluminal due to the background effects. Assuming that the Lorentz violation on the Earth is much larger than those on the interstellar scale, we automatically escape all the astrophysical constraints on Lorentz violation. For the BDLV from the effective field theory, we present a simple model and discuss the possible solutions to the theoretical challenges of the OPERA experiment such as the Bremsstrahlung effects for muon neutrinos and the pion decays. Also, we address the Lorentz violation constraints from the LEP and KamLAMD experiments. For the BDLV from the Type IIB string theory with D3-branes and D7-branes, we point out that the D3-branes are flavour blind, and all the SM particles are the conventional particles as in the traditional SM when they do not interact with the D3-branes. Thus, we not only can naturally avoid all the known phenomenological constraints on Lorentz violation, but also can naturally explain all the theoretical challenges. Interestingly, the energy dependent photon velocities may be tested at the experiments.
description: RevTex4, 14 pages, minor corrections, references added
Uniform Recalibration of Common Spectrophotometry Standard Stars onto the CALSPEC System Using the SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph
Creators: name: Rubin, David
name: Aldering, G.
name: Antilogus, P.
name: Aragon, C.
name: Bailey, S.
name: Baltay, C.
name: Bongard, S.
name: Boone, K.
name: Buton, C.
name: Copin, Y.
name: Dixon, S.
name: Fouchez, D.
name: Gangler, E.
name: Gupta, R.
name: Hayden, B.
name: Hillebrandt, W.
name: Kim, A. G.
name: Kowalski, Marek
name: Küsters, D.
name: Léget, P.-F.
name: Mondon, F.
name: Nordin, J.
name: Pain, R.
name: Pecontal, E.
name: Pereira, R.
name: Perlmutter, S.
name: Ponder, K. A.
name: Rabinowitz, D.
name: Rigault, M.
name: Runge, K.
name: Saunders, C.
name: Smadja, G.
name: Suzuki, N.
name: Tao, C.
name: Taubenberger, S.
name: Thomas, R. C.
name: Vincenzi, M.
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Flux calibration
subject: Spectrophotometry
subject: Spectrophotometric standards
subject: 520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: We calibrate spectrophotometric optical spectra of 32 stars commonly used as standard stars, referenced to 14 stars already on the Hubble Space Telescope–based CALSPEC flux system. Observations of CALSPEC and non-CALSPEC stars were obtained with the SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph over the wavelength range 3300–9400 Å as calibration for the Nearby Supernova Factory cosmology experiment. In total, this analysis used 4289 standard-star spectra taken on photometric nights. As a modern cosmology analysis, all presubmission methodological decisions were made with the flux scale and external comparison results blinded. The large number of spectra per star allows us to treat the wavelength-by-wavelength calibration for all nights simultaneously with a Bayesian hierarchical model, thereby enabling a consistent treatment of the Type Ia supernova cosmology analysis and the calibration on which it critically relies. We determine the typical per-observation repeatability (median 14 mmag for exposures ≳5 s), the Maunakea atmospheric transmission distribution (median dispersion of 7 mmag with uncertainty 1 mmag), and the scatter internal to our CALSPEC reference stars (median of 8 mmag). We also check our standards against literature filter photometry, finding generally good agreement over the full 12 mag range. Overall, the mean of our system is calibrated to the mean of CALSPEC at the level of ∼3 mmag. With our large number of observations, careful cross-checks, and 14 reference stars, our results are the best calibration yet achieved with an integral-field spectrograph, and among the best calibrated surveys.
Understanding hydrogen recombination line observations with ALMA and EVLA
Creators: name: Peters, Thomas
name: Longmore, Steven N.
name: Dullemond, Cornelis P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrogen recombination lines are one of the major diagnostics of H II region physical properties and kinematics. In the near future, the Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) will allow observers to study recombination lines in the radio and sub-mm regime in unprecedented detail. In this paper, we study the properties of recombination lines, in particular at ALMA wavelengths. We find that such lines will lie in almost every wideband ALMA setup and that the line emission will be equally detectable in all bands. Furthermore, we present our implementation of hydrogen recombination lines in the adaptive-mesh radiative transfer code RADMC-3D. We particularly emphasize the importance of non-LTE (local thermodynamical equilibrium) modeling since non-LTE effects can drastically affect the line shapes and produce asymmetric line profiles from radially symmetric H II regions. We demonstrate how these non-LTE effects can be used as a probe of systematic motions (infall & outflow) in the gas. We use RADMC-3D to produce synthetic observations of model H II regions and study the necessary conditions for observing such asymmetric line profiles with ALMA and EVLA.
description: MNRAS in press
Riding a wild horse: Majorana fermions interacting with solitons of fast bosonic fields
Creators: name: Tsvelik, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I consider a class of one-dimensional models where Majorana fermions interact with bosonic fields. Contrary to a more familiar situation where bosonic degrees of freedom are phonons and as such form a slow subsystem, I consider fast bosons. Such situation exists when the bosonic modes appear as collective excitations of interacting electrons as, for instance, in superconductors or carbon nanotubes. It is shown that an entire new class of excitations emerge, namely bound states of solitons and Majorana fermions. The latter bound states are not topological and their existence and number depend on the interactions and the soliton's velocity. Intriguingly the number of bound states increases with the soliton's velocity.
description: 4.5 pages, 2 figures, accepted to EPL
Association Between Processed Electroencephalogram-Based Objectively Measured Depth of Sedation and Cerebrovascular Response: A Systematic Scoping Overview of the Human and Animal Literature
Creators: name: Froese, Logan
name: Dian, Joshua
name: Gomez, Alwyn
name: Batson, Carleen
name: Sainbhi, Amanjyot Singh
name: Zeiler, Frederick A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Neurology
bispectral index
cerebrovascular autoregulation
cerebrovascular response
depth of sedation
entropy index

description: Background: Current understanding of the impact that sedative agents have on neurovascular coupling, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular response remains uncertain. One confounding factor regarding the impact of sedative agents is the depth of sedation, which is often determined at the bedside using clinical examination scoring systems. Such systems do not objectively account for sedation depth at the neurovascular level. As the depth of sedation can impact CBF and cerebral metabolism, the need for objective assessments of sedation depth is key. This is particularly the case in traumatic brain injury (TBI), where emerging literature suggests that cerebrovascular dysfunction dominates the burden of physiological dysfunction. Processed electroencephalogram (EEG) entropy measures are one possible solution to objectively quantify depth of sedation. Such measures are widely employed within anesthesia and are easy to employ at the bedside. However, the association between such EEG measures and cerebrovascular response remains unclear. Thus, to improve our understanding of the relationship between objectively measured depth of sedation and cerebrovascular response, we performed a scoping review of the literature. Methods: A systematically conduced scoping review of the existing literature on objectively measured sedation depth and CBF/cerebrovascular response was performed, search multiple databases from inception to November 2020. All available literature was reviewed to assess the association between objective sedation depth [as measured through processed electroencephalogram (EEG)] and CBF/cerebral autoregulation. Results: A total of 13 articles, 12 on adult humans and 1 on animal models, were identified. Initiation of sedation was found to decrease processed EEG entropy and CBF/cerebrovascular response measures. However, after this initial drop in values there is a wide range of responses in CBF seen. There were limited statistically reproduceable associations between processed EEG and CBF/cerebrovascular response. The literature body remains heterogeneous in both pathological states studied and sedative agent utilized, limiting the strength of conclusions that can be made. Conclusions: Conclusions about sedation depth, neurovascular coupling, CBF, and cerebrovascular response are limited. Much further work is required to outline the impact of sedation on neurovascular coupling.
A note on ANR's
Creators: name: Niemiec, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 55M15, 54C55, Secondary 54E40, 54E50

description: It is shown that if for a complete metric space $(X,d)$ there is a constant $ε> 0$ such that the intersection $\bigcap_{j=1}^n B_d(x_j,r_j)$ of open balls is nonempty for every finite system $x_1,...,x_n \in X$ of centers and a corresponding system of radii $r_1,...,r_n > 0$ such that $d(x_j,x_k) \leqsl ε$ and $d(x_j,x_k) < r_j + r_k$ ($j,k = 1,...,n$), then $X$ is an ANR; and if in the above one may put $ε= \infty$, the space $X$ is an AR. A certain criterion for an incomplete metric space to be an A(N)R is presented.
description: The paper has been withdrawn by the author because of its publication in Topology Appl
Development of a non-invasive imaging technique for characterizing subchondral bone density and stiffness
Creators: name: Johnston, James Duncan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Osteoarthritic (OA) subchondral bone is marked by mechanical and morphological alterations which are thought to influence cartilage integrity, leading to degeneration. The exact role of subchondral bone in OA etiology is, however, unclear and much of our understanding of OA-related subchondral bone changes has come from animal models or cadaveric specimens as opposed to in vivo assessments of people living with OA. The objectives of this thesis were to 1) develop a noninvasive clinical imaging tool capable of measuring proximal tibial subchondral bone density—a surrogate measure of bone stiffness, 2) compare subchondral bone density differences between normal and OA knees using this novel imaging technique with an existing maximum intensity projection technique, 3) determine the ex vivo and in vivo precision of proximal tibial subchondral bone density measures using this novel imaging technique, and 4) determine whether this novel imaging technique can be used to predict bone stiffness values obtained using mechanical indentation testing. We developed the novel imaging tool: computed tomography topographic mapping of subchondral density (CT-TOMASD), which characterizes and maps 3D subchondral bone mineral density (BMD) in relation to depth from the subchondral surface. Ex vivo comparisons between OA and normal knees revealed significantly higher density (17-36%) in OA knees. CT-TOMASD was more proficient than the maximum intensity projection technique at distinguishing density pattern differences between OA and normal knees. CT-TOMASD precision errors were <4.3%; ~9x smaller than observed BMD differences between OA and normal knees. CT-TOMASD predicted (r² = 0.67), non-invasively, subchondral bone structural stiffness directly at the subchondral surface. The relationship between subchondral bone density and stiffness was non-linear, whereby small differences in density resulted in large stiffness differences. This information could explain the mechanical role of subchondral bone in OA more effectively than bone density alone. CT-TOMASD has potential to identify and quantify changes in subchondral bone density and stiffness associated with OA disease progression. This information could be used to test hypotheses regarding the mechanical role of subchondral bone in people living with OA, which could lead to early OA detection and assist with treatment methods aimed at preventing or delaying OA.
Chrysis nitidula Fabricius 1775
Creators: name: Paukkunen, Juho
name: Rosa, Paolo
name: Soon, Villu
name: Johansson, Niklas
name: Ødegaard, Frode
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Masaridae
Chrysis
Chrysis nitidula

description: 12. Chrysis nitidula Fabricius, 1775
Chrysis nitidula Fabricius 1775: 359. Lectotype ♀ (designated by Bohart in Bohart & Kimsey 1991: 443); America (BML) (Chrysis ignita group).
Remarks. Several authors have used Fabricius’ name Chrysis nitidula for the European species C. iris (see C. iris above). However, C. nitidula is another species, which is found only in North America (Kimsey & Bohart 1991).
description: Published as part of Paukkunen, Juho, Rosa, Paolo, Soon, Villu, Johansson, Niklas & Ødegaard, Frode, 2014, Faunistic review of the cuckoo wasps of Fennoscandia, Denmark and the Baltic countries (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), pp. 1-67 in Zootaxa 3864 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3864.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4930433
Dark Matter Seeding in Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Perez-Garcia, M. A.
name: Silk, J.
name: Stone, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a mechanism that may seed compact stellar objects with stable lumps of quark matter, or {\it strangelets}, through the self-annihilation of gravitationally accreted WIMPs. We show that dark matter particles with masses above a few GeV may provide enough energy in the nuclear medium for quark deconfinement and subsequent strangelet formation. If this happens this effect may then trigger a partial or full conversion of the star into a strange star. We set a new limit on the WIMP mass in the few-GeV range that seems to be consistent with recent indications in dark matter direct detection experiments.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure. Prepared for 19th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC 2011), Boston, USA 25-29 Jul 2011
Intervallbeobachter für lineare parametervariante Systeme und deren Anwendung auf die Asynchronmaschine
Creators: name: Krebs, Stefan
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2018
Subjects: Intervallbeobachter
Zustandsschätzung
Lineare parametervariante Systeme
Asynchronmaschine
Wechselrichter
interval observer
state estimation
linear parameter-varying systems
induction motor
voltage source inverter

description: Diese Arbeit widmet sich der Entwicklung zweier neuer Methoden zur Bestimmung von Zustandsmengen für lineare parametervariante Systeme. Erzeugt werden diese Zustandsmengen in Form von Intervallvektoren durch Intervallbeobachter auf Basis von unbekannten, aber beschränkten Unsicherheiten der Ein-/ Ausgangsgrößen und der Parameter. In Kombination mit einem neuartigen Intervallmodell des Wechselrichters wird die Wirksamkeit der Methoden am Beispiel der Asynchronmaschine gezeigt.
Superconductivity in an Einstein Solid AxV2Al20 (A = Al and Ga)
Creators: name: Onosaka, Atsushi
name: Okamoto, Yoshihiko
name: Yamaura, Jun-ichi
name: Hiroi, Zenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cage compound AxV2Al20 (Al10V), that was called an Einstein solid by Caplin and coworkers 40 years ago, is revisited to investigate the low-energy, local vibrations of the A atoms and their influence on the electronic and superconducting properties of the compound. Polycrystalline samples with A = Al, Ga, Y, and La are studied through resistivity and heat capacity measurements. Weak-coupling BCS superconductivity is observed below Tc = 1.49, 1.66, and 0.69 K for Ax = Al0.3, Ga0.2, and Y, respectively, but not above 0.4 K for Ax = La. Low-energy modes are detected only for A = Al and Ga, which are approximately described by the Einstein model with Einstein temperatures of 24 and 8 K, respectively. A weak but significant coupling between the low-energy modes, which are almost identical to those called rattling in recent study, and conduction electrons manifests itself as anomalous enhancement in resistivity at around low temperatures corresponding to the Einstein temperatures.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
1. Editorial: Homage to Donald Winch. Philosophy and Geography
Creators: name: Albertone, Manuela
name: Pasini, Enrico
Publisher: name: GISI - UniTO
Year: 2018

description: The “Notes” section of the present issue of the Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas is meant to pay tribute to Donald Winch, who passed away this year at the age of 82. It is an honor for us to be able to present our readers with an unpublished conference that Winch gave in 2006 at the Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan. The rest of this issue is mainly dedicated to the welcome results of our call on Philosophy and Geography. We are thankful to the guest editors of the special issue, Simone Mammola and Ernesto Sferrazza Papa, and in particular to the latter, who has crafted a brilliant Introduction to the collection.
description: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, Vol 6, No 12 (2017): Special Issue: Philosophy and Geography
2. Introduction: Philosophy and Geography
Creators: name: Sferrazza Papa, Ernesto
Publisher: name: GISI - UniTO
Year: 2018

description: This number of the Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas hosts a special and thematic issue focused on the relation between philosophy and geography. It is the result of a call for papers that was launched in 2016 with the aim of answering at least some of the relevant questions concerning the historical connections between philosophy and geography, while also exploring the possible theoretical intersections between them to which this history points. This Introduction intends to provide readers a general overview on the topic.
description: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, Vol 6, No 12 (2017): Special Issue: Philosophy and Geography
Decreasing hospital burden of COVID-19 during the first wave in Regione Lombardia: an emergency measures context
Creators: name: Maria, Grosso Francesca
name: Margaret, Presanis Anne
name: Kevin, Kunzmann
name: Chris, Jackson
name: Alice, Corbella
name: Giacomo, Grasselli
name: Aida, Andreassi
name: Annalisa, Bodina
name: Maria, Gramegna
name: Silvana, Castaldi
name: Danilo, Cereda
name: Daniela, De Angelis
name: Ambra, Castrofino
name: Gabriele, Del Castillo
name: Lucia, Crottogini
name: Marcello, Tirani
name: Alberto, Zanella
name: Marco, Salmoiraghi
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research

description: Abstract: Background: The aim of this study is to quantify the hospital burden of COVID-19 during the first wave and how it changed over calendar time; to interpret the results in light of the emergency measures introduced to manage the strain on secondary healthcare. Methods: This is a cohort study of hospitalised confirmed cases of COVID-19 admitted from February–June 2020 and followed up till 17th July 2020, analysed using a mixture multi-state model. All hospital patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease in Regione Lombardia were involved, admitted from February–June 2020, with non-missing hospital of admission and non-missing admission date. Results: The cohort consists of 40,550 patients hospitalised during the first wave. These patients had a median age of 69 (interquartile range 56–80) and were more likely to be men (60%) than women (40%). The hospital-fatality risk, averaged over all pathways through hospital, was 27.5% (95% CI 27.1–28.0%); and steadily decreased from 34.6% (32.5–36.6%) in February to 7.6% (6.3–10.6%) in June. Among surviving patients, median length of stay in hospital was 11.8 (11.6–12.3) days, compared to 8.1 (7.8–8.5) days in non-survivors. Averaged over final outcomes, median length of stay in hospital decreased from 21.4 (20.5–22.8) days in February to 5.2 (4.7–5.8) days in June. Conclusions: The hospital burden, in terms of both risks of poor outcomes and lengths of stay in hospital, has been demonstrated to have decreased over the months of the first wave, perhaps reflecting improved treatment and management of COVID-19 cases, as well as reduced burden as the first wave waned. The quantified burden allows for planning of hospital beds needed for current and future waves of SARS-CoV-2 i.
Electromagnetic transition strengths in soft deformed nuclei
Creators: name: Robledo, L. M.
name: Bertsch, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectroscopic observables such as electromagnetic transitions strengths can be related to the properties of the intrinsic mean-field wave function when the latter are strongly deformed, but the standard rotational formulas break down when the deformation decreases. Nevertheless there is a well-defined, non-zero, spherical limit that can be evaluated in terms of overlaps of mean-field intrinsic deformed wave functions. We examine the transition between the spherical limit and strongly deformed one for a range of nuclei comparing the two limiting formulas with exact projection results. We find a simple criterion for the validity of the rotational formula depending on $$, the mean square fluctuation in the angular momentum of the intrinsic state. We also propose an interpolation formula which describes the transition strengths over the entire range of deformations, reducing to the two simple expressions in the appropriate limits.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, supplemental material included
title: 150 ans de sport à Montreux
title: catalogue d'exposition : du 1er avril au 5 novembre
titleType: Subtitle
title: 150 ans de sport à Montreux
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Musée De Montreux
Publisher: name: Musée de Montreux
Year: 2017

description: Les versions allemande et anglaise sont à la suite
Transition probabilities for general birth-death processes with applications in ecology, genetics, and evolution
Creators: name: Crawford, Forrest W.
name: Suchard, Marc A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A birth-death process is a continuous-time Markov chain that counts the number of particles in a system over time. In the general process with $n$ current particles, a new particle is born with instantaneous rate $λ_n$ and a particle dies with instantaneous rate $μ_n$. Currently no robust and efficient method exists to evaluate the finite-time transition probabilities in a general birth-death process with arbitrary birth and death rates. In this paper, we first revisit the theory of continued fractions to obtain expressions for the Laplace transforms of these transition probabilities and make explicit an important derivation connecting transition probabilities and continued fractions. We then develop an efficient algorithm for computing these probabilities that analyzes the error associated with approximations in the method. We demonstrate that this error-controlled method agrees with known solutions and outperforms previous approaches to computing these probabilities. Finally, we apply our novel method to several important problems in ecology, evolution, and genetics.
Identification of differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs in spermatozoa of bulls of varying fertility
Creators: name: M. Donnellan, Eimear
name: Perrier, Jean-Philippe
name: Keogh, Kate
name: Stiavnicka, Miriam
name: M. Collins, Caitríona
name: M. Dunleavy, Elaine
name: Sellem, Eli
name: C. Bernecic, Naomi
name: Lonergan, Patrick
name: A. Kenny, David
name: Fair, Sean
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Bulls used in artificial insemination, with apparently normal semen quality, can vary significantly in their field fertility. This study aimed to characterize the transcriptome of spermatozoa from high (HF) and low (LF) fertility bulls at the mRNA and miRNA level in order to identify potential novel markers of fertility. Holstein-Friesian bulls were assigned to either the HF or LF group (n = 10 per group) based on an adjusted national fertility index from a minimum of 500 inseminations. Total RNA was extracted from a pool of frozen-thawed spermatozoa from three different ejaculates per bull, following which mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq were performed. Six mRNAs and 13 miRNAs were found differentially expressed (P < 0.05, FC > 1.5) between HF and LF bulls. Of particular interest, the gene pathways targeted by the 13 differentially expressed miRNAs were related to embryonic development and gene expression regulation. Previous studies reported that disruptions to protamine 1 mRNA (PRM1) had deleterious consequences for sperm chromatin structure and fertilizing ability. Notably, PRM1 exhibited a higher expression in spermatozoa from LF than HF bulls. In contrast, Western Blot analysis revealed a decrease in PRM1 protein abundance for spermatozoa from LF bulls; this was not associated with increased protamine deficiency (measured by the degree of chromatin compaction) or DNA fragmentation, as assessed by flow cytometry analyses. However, protamine deficiency was positively and moderately correlated with the percentage of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation, irrespective of fertility group. This study has identified potential biomarkers that could be used for improving semen quality assessments of bull fertility.
Supplementary document for Broadband emission Ce3+:Gd3Sc2Al3O12 transparent ceramic with high color rendering index for high power white LEDs/LDs - 5108866.pdf
Creators: name: Ma, Yuelong
name: Zhang, Le
name: Huang, Jin
name: Wang, Rui
name: Li, Tao
name: Hou, Chen
name: Zhou, Tianyuan
name: li, yanbin
name: huang, guocan
name: wang, zhongying
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: 417464-Supplementary Document
Multioscillating black holes
Creators: name: Ishii, Takaaki
name: Murata, Keiju
name: Santos, Jorge E.
name: Way, Benson
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Black Holes
AdS-CFT Correspondence

description: Abstract: We study rotating global AdS solutions in five-dimensional Einstein gravity coupled to a multiplet complex scalar within a cohomogeneity-1 ansatz. The onset of the gravitational and scalar field superradiant instabilities of the Myers-Perry-AdS black hole mark bifurcation points to black resonators and hairy Myers-Perry-AdS black holes, respectively. These solutions are subject to the other (gravitational or scalar) instability, and result in hairy black resonators which contain both gravitational and scalar hair. The hairy black resonators have smooth zero-horizon limits that we call graviboson stars. In the hairy black resonator and graviboson solutions, multiple scalar components with different frequencies are excited, and hence these are multioscillating solutions. The phase structure of the solutions are examined in the microcanonical ensemble, i.e. at fixed energy and angular momenta. It is found that the entropy of the hairy black resonator is never the largest among them. We also find that hairy black holes with higher scalar wavenumbers are entropically dominant and occupy more of phase space than those of lower wavenumbers.
Final design of citizen surveys on individuals' perceptions and acceptance of SIE and EU energy transitions
Creators: name: Guetlein, Marie-Charlotte
name: Schleich, Joachim
name: Dütschke, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: As an overarching objective, WP5 aims to quantitatively examine citizens’ individual perceptions of different aspects of social innovations in energy (SIE) and to evaluate their acceptance of selected SIE types. WP5 hence contributes to developing a better understanding of the potential scope and diffusion of SIE necessary for sustainable energy transitions. This deliverable includes a description of the experimental methodology to be used and of the items to be included in the framework survey based on insights from WPs 1-4 and 6.
Spontaneous R-symmetry Breaking with Multiple Pseudomoduli
Creators: name: Curtin, David
name: Komargodski, Zohar
name: Shih, David
name: Tsai, Yuhsin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine generalized O'Raifeartaigh models that feature multiple tree-level flat directions and only contain fields with R-charges 0 or 2. We show that spontaneous R-breaking at up to one-loop order is impossible in such theories. Specifically, we prove that the R-symmetric origin of field space is always a local minimum of the one-loop Coleman-Weinberg potential, generalizing an earlier result for the case of a single flat direction. This result has consequences for phenomenology and helps elucidate the behavior of various models of dynamical SUSY breaking.
Photoionization of the Be isoelectronic sequence: total cross sections
Creators: name: Chu, W. -C.
name: Zhou, H. -L.
name: Hibbert, A.
name: Manson, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photoionization of the four-electron beryllium-like isoelectronic series from the neutral to Fe^{+22} has been studied for ground ^1S and metastable ^3P initial states. The wave functions of the final-state (target) ions were built using the CIV3 code. Both nonrelativistic LS-coupling R-matrix and relativistic Breit-Pauli (BP) R-matrix methods were used to calculate the cross sections in the photon-energy range between the first ionization threshold and the 1s^2 4f_{7/2} threshold for each ion. Our total cross sections compare well with experiment which is available for Be, B^+, C^{+2}, N^{+3}, and O^{+4}. The agreement between the present work and previous calculations is discussed in detail. The importance of relativistic effects is seen by the comparison between the LS and the BP results.
description: 45 pages, 3 tables, 22 figures
Torus bundles, automorphisms and T-duality
Creators: name: Mahmood, H.
name: Reid-Edwards, R. A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
String Duality
Bosonic Strings

description: Abstract: We reconsider some older constructions of T-duality, based on automorphisms of the worldsheet operator algebra, in a modern context. It has been long known that at special points in the moduli space of torus compactifications, the target space gauge symmetry may be enhanced. Away from such points the symmetry is broken and T-duality may be understood as a residual discrete gauge symmetry that survives this breaking. Drawing on work on connections over the space of string backgrounds, we discuss how to generalise this framework for T-duality to geometric and non-geometric backgrounds that are not full solutions of string theory, but may play an important role in exact backgrounds. Along the way we find an interesting algebraic structure and discuss its relationship with doubled geometry. We comment on non-isometric T-duality in this context.
OS Support For Capabilities In Android
Creators: name: Dawoud, Abdallah
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Android’s security model utilizes a combination of low-level and high-level security mechanisms, such as the user-based protection model, SELinux, and permission system, to control access to system resources. However, this model has two limitations: First, it does not apply the principle of least privilege (PoLP) among app’s components and, second, it falls short in tracking transitive invocations. The first limitation introduces the problem of malicious 3rd -party libraries, whereas the second limitation enables the confused deputy attacks. To address the problems caused by both limitations, we extended Android’s security model with new security features borrowed from capability-based security model. Specifically, we introduced capabilities into Android’s middleware with kernel support. The goal is to come up with a functional prototype that enables different components of the same app to run with different access rights on the high-level system services, respecting the PoLP. Additionally, the prototype must provide a clear path to mitigate confused deputy attacks targeting system services through channels that have been deliberately exposed by the deputies. Along the line, we use the Binder framework, which is used for IPC in Android, as the building block for creating and communicating the capabilities of system services. We also rely on the kernel’s security guarantees to prevent forging capabilities. Additionally, we employ Android’s permission model to reflect the dynamic high-level security decisions made by end-users in order to encode the correct access rights into issued capabilities. As a result, we fulfill our goal without significantly increasing the attack surface or causing a performance degrade. In fact, our design shows a performance gain in specific places.
7. Luther and His Catholic Readers: the Question of the Nuns
Creators: name: Guillemard, Eléna
Publisher: name: GISI - UniTO
Year: 2018

description: Catholic polemicists answered the Lutheran innovation of clerical marriage and especially the marriage of nuns with harsh criticism. Our contention is that, in the process of these ab hominem attacks against Luther and his wife, Katherina von Bora, they elaborated a literary type that they used to keep condemning Luther and the runaway nuns during the whole Early Modern period. The topos thus established depicts their marriage as the depraved union of two equally depraved and incestuous ex-members of the monastic orders. Looking at the recurrence of these evocations in French discourses in the 16th Century, we shall question the reality of the theoretical innovation hidden behind the palimpsest of insults. Why were the Catholics’ fears focused so much on nuns? And did Luther even mean to target specifically nuns and organise the break-down of convents? Although our aim is not to try to assess the positive and negative aspects of this change of paradigm on women, confronting the Catholic interpretations of Luther with his original texts on nuns shall give us, through the small window of the discourses on a specific group—religious women—an outline of what the Reformation actually changed for them.
description: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, Vol 7, No 13 (2018): Contemporary Luther / Luther contemporain
Probing the haze in the atmosphere of HD 189733b with HST/WFC3 transmission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Gibson, N. P.
name: Aigrain, S.
name: Pont, F.
name: Sing, D.
name: Désert, J. -M.
name: Evans, T. M.
name: Henry, G.
name: Husnoo, N.
name: Knutson, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared transmission spectroscopy of the transiting exoplanet HD 189733b, using Wide Field Camera 3. This consists of time-series spectra of two transits, used to measure the wavelength dependence of the planetary radius. These observations aim to test whether the Rayleigh scattering haze detected at optical wavelengths extends into the near-infrared, or if it becomes transparent leaving molecular features to dominate the transmission spectrum. Due to saturation and non-linearity affecting the brightest (central) pixels of the spectrum, light curves were extracted from the blue and red ends of the spectra only, corresponding to wavelength ranges of 1.099-1.168 um and 1.521-1.693 um, respectively, for the first visit, and 1.082-1.128 um and 1.514-1.671 um for the second. The light curves were fitted using a Gaussian process model to account for instrumental systematics whilst simultaneously fitting for the transit parameters. This gives values of the planet-to-star radius ratio for the blue and red light curves of 0.15650\pm0.00048 and 0.15634\pm0.00032, respectively, for visit one and 0.15716\pm0.00078 and 0.15630\pm0.00037 for visit 2 (using a quadratic limb darkening law). The planet-to-star radius ratios measured in both visits are consistent, and we see no evidence for the drop in absorption expected if the haze that is observed in the optical becomes transparent in the infrared. This tentatively suggests that the haze dominates the transmission spectrum of HD 189733b into near-infrared wavelengths, although more robust observations are required to provide conclusive evidence.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
4. One Sea, One Humanity. Modeling the Man-Sea Relationship in Friedrich Ratzel’s Anthropogeographical Project
Creators: name: Santini, Carlotta
Publisher: name: GISI - UniTO
Year: 2018

description: The prevailing concept of geography, understood as the study and description of the Earth, can be viewed as a form of removal: less than two-thirds of the globe, that is, the seas or the liquid elements of the Earth, are removed or at the very least are not explicitly designated. This article will focus on issues concerning the classification, systematization, and conceptualization of geographic knowledge that took place in nineteenth-century Germany. I will try to demonstrate how this alleged “removal” operates in modern geography and how it links with a contrasting movement that aims to reintegrate the liquid element of the Earth into the field of geography, on the basis of the man/world relation. I will focus in particular on Friedrich Ratzel’s (1844-1904) pioneering studies in anthropogeography and political geography.
description: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, Vol 6, No 12 (2017): Special Issue: Philosophy and Geography
Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits release of extracellular vesicles from platelets without inhibiting phosphatidylserine exposure
Creators: name: Millington-Burgess, Sarah L.
name: Harper, Matthew T.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/92/609
/692/699/75
article

description: Abstract: Arterial thrombosis triggers myocardial infarction and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Procoagulant platelets, a subpopulation of activated platelets that expose phosphatidylserine (PS), promote coagulation and occlusive thrombosis. Procoagulant platelets may therefore be a therapeutic target. PS exposure in procoagulant platelets requires TMEM16F, a phospholipid scramblase. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been reported to inhibit TMEM16F but this has been challenged. We investigated whether EGCG inhibits PS exposure in procoagulant platelets. PS exposure is often measured using fluorophore-conjugated annexin V. EGCG quenched annexin V-FITC fluorescence, which gives the appearance of inhibition of PS exposure. However, EGCG did not quench annexin V-APC fluorescence. Using this fluorophore, we show that EGCG does not inhibit annexin V binding to procoagulant platelets. We confirmed this by using NBD-labelled PS to monitor PS scrambling. EGCG did not quench NBD fluorescence and did not inhibit PS scrambling. Procoagulant platelets also release PS-exposing extracellular vesicles (EVs) that further propagate coagulation. Surprisingly, EGCG inhibited EV release. This inhibition required the gallate group of EGCG. In conclusion, EGCG does not inhibit PS exposure in procoagulant platelets but does inhibit the EV release. Future investigation of this inhibition may help us further understand how EVs are released by procoagulant platelets.
Proceedings 6th Workshop on Logical and Semantic Frameworks with Applications
Creators: name: della Rocca, Simona Ronchi
name: Pimentel, Elaine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.1, F.3.2, F.4.1

description: This volume contains the proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Logical and Semantic Frameworks with Applications (LSFA 2011). The workshop will be hold in Belo Horizonte, on August 27th 2011. Logical and semantic frameworks are formal languages used to represent logics, languages and systems. These frameworks provide foundations for formal specification of systems and programming languages, supporting tool development and reasoning. The objective of this one-day workshop is to put together theoreticians and practitioners to promote new techniques and results, from the theoretical side, and feedback on the implementation and the use of such techniques and results, from the practical side.
5. L’idée de paysage entre esthétique et géographie
Creators: name: Marano, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: GISI - UniTO
Year: 2018

description: L’essai suivant a comme objectif de retrouver la vocation authentique du paysage en tant que réalité interdisciplinaire et carrefour de pensée entre les sciences de l’esprit et les sciences de la nature. Le débat théorique sur le paysage, sujet aujourd’hui plus que jamais soumis au risque d’une progressive stagnation, a traditionnellement déterminé un enfermement progressif de chaque savoir derrière ses propres barrières épistémologiques, empêchant de la sorte de lire le paysage dans son interdisciplinarité naturelle. Ce qui a été perdu de vue, de cette façon, c’est l’«idée» même de paysage, non plus analysée dans sa propre essence, mais plutôt dans ses déclinaisons particulières.

Penser le paysage comme une «idée» signifie, au contraire, le penser dans sa dimension originelle, avant d’analyser les modalités représentatives, les traces d’habitat humain et les caractéristiques physico-géographiques qui le connotent de formes particulières. En reparcourant les moments cruciaux du débat entre philosophie et géographie sur l’idée de paysage, et en attirant l’attention sur les perspectives qui ont le plus influencé les deux secteurs de recherche en créant un dialogue actif et un échange réciproque entre les deux domaines de disciplines, on essayera de rendre à l’idée de paysage sa complexité naturelle. Une synthèse des principaux études et interpretations nous permettra de reparcourir les moments cruciaux du débat entre philosophie et géographie sur l’idée de paysage.
description: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, Vol 6, No 12 (2017): Special Issue: Philosophy and Geography