cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Employing human rights frameworks to realize access to an HIV cure
Creators: name: Kavanagh, Matthew M
name: Gelpi, Adriane
name: Meier, Benjamin Mason
name: Forman, Lisa
name: Amon, Joseph J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: IntroductionThe scale of the HIV pandemic – and the stigma, discrimination and violence that surrounded its sudden emergence – catalyzed a public health response that expanded human rights in principle and practice. In the absence of effective treatment, human rights activists initially sought to protect individuals at high risk of HIV infection. With advances in antiretroviral therapy, activists expanded their efforts under international law, advocating under the human right to health for individual access to treatment.DiscussionAs a clinical cure comes within reach, human rights obligations will continue to play a key role in political and programmatic decision-making. Building upon the evolving development and implementation of the human right to health in the global response to HIV, we outline a human rights research agenda to prepare for HIV cure access, investigating the role of human rights law in framing 1) resource allocation, 2) international obligations, 3) intellectual property and 4) freedom from coercion.ConclusionsThe right to health is widely recognized as central to governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental responses to the pandemic and critical both to addressing vulnerability to infection and to ensuring universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support. While the advent of an HIV cure will raise new obligations for policymakers in implementing the right to health, the resolution of past debates surrounding HIV prevention and treatment may inform claims for universal access.
Disrupting Adversarial Transferability in Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Wiedeman, Christopher
name: Wang, Ge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Adversarial attack transferability is well-recognized in deep learning. Prior work has partially explained transferability by recognizing common adversarial subspaces and correlations between decision boundaries, but little is known beyond this. We propose that transferability between seemingly different models is due to a high linear correlation between the feature sets that different networks extract. In other words, two models trained on the same task that are distant in the parameter space likely extract features in the same fashion, just with trivial affine transformations between the latent spaces. Furthermore, we show how applying a feature correlation loss, which decorrelates the extracted features in a latent space, can reduce the transferability of adversarial attacks between models, suggesting that the models complete tasks in semantically different ways. Finally, we propose a Dual Neck Autoencoder (DNA), which leverages this feature correlation loss to create two meaningfully different encodings of input information with reduced transferability.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures
The spectrum of local random Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Collins, Benoit
name: Yin, Zhi
name: Zhao, Liang
name: Zhong, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The spectrum of a local random Hamiltonian can be represented generically by the so-called $ε$-free convolution of its local terms' probability distributions. We establish an isomorphism between the set of $ε$-noncrossing partitions and permutations to study its spectrum. Moreover, we derive some lower and upper bounds for the largest eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian.
description: 22 pages
Local rewiring rules for evolving complex networks
Creators: name: Colman, Ewan R.
name: Rodgers, Geoff J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The effects of link rewiring are considered for the class of directed networks where each node has the same fixed out-degree. We model a network generated by three mechanisms that are present in various networked systems; growth, global rewiring and local rewiring. During a rewiring phase a node is randomly selected, one of its out-going edges is detached from its destination then re-attached to the network in one of two possible ways; either globally to a randomly selected node, or locally to a descendant of a descendant of the originally selected node. Although the probability of attachment to a node increases with its connectivity, the probability of detachment also increases, the result is an exponential degree distribution with a small number of outlying nodes that have extremely large degree. We explain these outliers by identifying the circumstances for which a set of nodes can grow to very high degree.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Excellent clinical outcomes and retention in care for adults with HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma treated with systemic chemotherapy and integrated antiretroviral therapy in rural Malawi
Creators: name: Tengatenga, Listern
name: Gopal, Satish
name: Rigodon, Jonas
name: Beste, Jason A
name: Kalanga, Noel
name: Phiri, Atupere
name: Chingoli, Felix
name: Bazile, Junior
name: Elmore, Shekinah N
name: Mailosi, Bright
name: Wroe, Emily B
name: Crocker, Jonathan T
name: Herce, Michael E
name: Keck, James W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma (HIV-KS) is the most common cancer in Malawi. In 2008, the non-governmental organization, Partners In Health, and the Ministry of Health established the Neno Kaposi Sarcoma Clinic (NKSC) to treat HIV-KS in rural Neno district. We aimed to evaluate 12-month clinical outcomes and retention in care for HIV-KS patients in the NKSC, and to describe our implementation model, which featured protocol-guided chemotherapy, integrated antiretroviral therapy (ART) and psychosocial support delivered by community health workers.
Emergence of functional information from multivariate correlations
Creators: name: Adami, Christoph
name: G, Nitash C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The information content of symbolic sequences (such as nucleic- or amino acid sequences, but also neuronal firings or strings of letters) can be calculated from an ensemble of such sequences, but because information cannot be assigned to single sequences, we cannot correlate information to other observables attached to the sequence. Here we show that an information score obtained from multivariate (multiple-variable) correlations within sequences of a "training" ensemble can be used to predict observables of out-of-sample sequences with an accuracy that scales with the complexity of correlations, showing that functional information emerges from a hierarchy of multi-variable correlations.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
High-resolution and broadband all-fiber spectrometers
Creators: name: Redding, Brandon
name: Alam, Mansoor
name: Seifert, Martin
name: Cao, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of optical fibers has revolutionized telecommunications by enabling long-distance broad-band transmission with minimal loss. In turn, the ubiquity of high-quality low-cost fibers enabled a number of additional applications, including fiber sensors, fiber lasers, and imaging fiber bundles. Recently, we showed that a mutlimode optical fiber can also function as a spectrometer by measuring the wavelength-dependent speckle pattern formed by interference between the guided modes. Here, we reach a record resolution of 1 pm at wavelength 1500 nm using a 100 meter long multimode fiber, outperforming the state-of-the-art grating spectrometers. we also achieved broad-band operation with a 4 cm long fiber, covering 400 nm - 750 nm with 1 nm resolution. The fiber spectrometer, consisting of the fiber which can be coiled to a small volume and a monochrome camera that records the speckle pattern, is compact, lightweight, and low cost while providing ultrahigh resolution, broad bandwidth and low loss.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Improved identification and enrolment into care of HIV-exposed and -infected infants and children following a community health worker intervention in Lilongwe, Malawi
Creators: name: Chimbwandira, Frank
name: Chiao, Elizabeth
name: Kazembe, Peter N
name: Giordano, Thomas P
name: Kim, Maria H
name: Sabelli, Rachael
name: Preidis, Geoffrey A
name: Dave, Amanda C
name: Kanjelo, Kondwani
name: Hosseinipour, Mina
name: Ahmed, Saeed
name: Abrams, Elaine J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundEarly identification and entry into care is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality in children with HIV. The objective of this report is to describe the impact of the Tingathe programme, which utilizes community health workers (CHWs) to improve identification and enrolment into care of HIV-exposed and -infected infants and children.MethodsThree programme phases are described. During the first phase, Mentorship Only (MO) (March 2007–February 2008) on-site clinical mentorship on paediatric HIV care was provided. In the second phase, Tingathe-Basic (March 2008–February 2009), CHWs provided HIV testing and counselling to improve case finding of HIV-exposed and -infected children. In the final phase, Tingathe-PMTCT (prevention of mother-to-child transmission) (March 2009–February 2011), CHWs were also assigned to HIV-positive pregnant women to improve mother-infant retention in care. We reviewed routinely collected programme data from HIV testing registers, patient mastercards and clinic attendance registers from March 2005 to March 2011.ResultsDuring MO, 42 children (38 HIV-infected and 4 HIV-exposed) were active in care. During Tingathe-Basic, 238 HIV-infected children (HIC) were newly enrolled, a six-fold increase in rate of enrolment from 3.2 to 19.8 per month. The number of HIV-exposed infants (HEI) increased from 4 to 118. During Tingathe-PMTCT, 526 HIC were newly enrolled over 24 months, at a rate of 21.9 patients per month. There was also a seven-fold increase in the average number of exposed infants enrolled per month (9.5–70 patients per month), resulting in 1667 enrolled with a younger median age at enrolment (5.2 vs. 2.5 months; p<0.001).During the Tingathe-Basic and Tingathe-PMTCT periods, CHWs conducted 44,388 rapid HIV tests, 7658 (17.3%) in children aged 18 months to 15 years; 351 (4.6%) tested HIV-positive. Over this time, 1781 HEI were enrolled, with 102 (5.7%) found HIV-infected by positive PCR. Additional HIC entered care through various mechanisms (including positive linkage by CHWs and transfer-ins) such that by February 2011, a total of 866 HIC were receiving care, a 23-fold increase from 2008.ConclusionsA multipronged approach utilizing CHWs to conduct HIV testing, link HIC into care and provide support to PMTCT mothers can dramatically improve the identification and enrolment into care of HIV-exposed and -infected children.
FooBaR: Fault Fooling Backdoor Attack on Neural Network Training
Creators: name: Breier, Jakub
name: Hou, Xiaolu
name: Ochoa, Martín
name: Solano, Jesus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural network implementations are known to be vulnerable to physical attack vectors such as fault injection attacks. As of now, these attacks were only utilized during the inference phase with the intention to cause a misclassification. In this work, we explore a novel attack paradigm by injecting faults during the training phase of a neural network in a way that the resulting network can be attacked during deployment without the necessity of further faulting. In particular, we discuss attacks against ReLU activation functions that make it possible to generate a family of malicious inputs, which are called fooling inputs, to be used at inference time to induce controlled misclassifications. Such malicious inputs are obtained by mathematically solving a system of linear equations that would cause a particular behaviour on the attacked activation functions, similar to the one induced in training through faulting. We call such attacks fooling backdoors as the fault attacks at the training phase inject backdoors into the network that allow an attacker to produce fooling inputs. We evaluate our approach against multi-layer perceptron networks and convolutional networks on a popular image classification task obtaining high attack success rates (from 60% to 100%) and high classification confidence when as little as 25 neurons are attacked while preserving high accuracy on the originally intended classification task.
description: Published in IEEE TDSC
La psicoanalisi russa fra marginalità e assimilazione (1904-1930)
Creators: name: Zalambani, Maria
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2018
Subjects: Russian psychoanalysis
Socio-cultural history
Marginality
Assimilation
Psychoanalysis and the Silver Age

description: The present research is an attempt to write the initial pages of a study on the social and cultural history of psychoanalysis in Russia. While the swift spread in Russia of Freudian thought and methods is well known, what is little known are the causes of its rapid diffusion. The evolution of how Freud’s methods became diffused in Russia is examined against the background of the socio-economical processes that were changing Russian society between the XIX and XX century, and that were acting in synergy with the intense cultural life of the Silver Age. From this scenario, psychoanalysis emerges as an outcome and interpreter of the bourgeois culture, which has had started taking shaping during the time of the Big Reforms, and had been spreading among the intelligentsia. The evolution of Russian psychoanalysis is also seen as following the dialectic model of marginality/assimilation, which was applied by Zaretsky to European and American societies in order to see the limits of its application to Russian reality. The Freudian method, born at the beginning of the century as a marginal and elitist phenomenon in Czarist Russia, becomes the object of a process of assimilation on behalf of the state, after the October revolution, and which aims at using it in order to forge, ‘homo sovieticus’.
OrderlessChain: Do Permissioned Blockchains Need Total Global Order of Transactions?
Creators: name: Nasirifard, Pezhman
name: Mayer, Ruben
name: Jacobsen, Hans-Arno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Existing permissioned blockchains often rely on coordination-based consensus protocols to ensure the safe execution of applications in a Byzantine environment. Furthermore, these protocols serialize the transactions by ordering them into a total global order. The serializability preserves the correctness of the application's state stored on the blockchain. However, using coordination-based protocols to attain the global order of transactions can limit the throughput and induce high latency. In contrast, application-level correctness requirements exist that are not dependent on the order of transactions, known as invariant-confluence (I-confluence). The I-confluent applications can execute in a coordination-free manner benefiting from the improved performance compared to the coordination-based approaches. The safety and liveness of I-confluent applications are studied in non-Byzantine environments, but the correct execution of such applications remains a challenge in Byzantine coordination-free environments. This work introduces OrderlessChain, a coordination-free permissioned blockchain for the safe and live execution of I-confluent applications in a Byzantine environment. We implemented a prototype of our system, and our evaluation results demonstrate that our coordination-free approach performs better than coordination-based blockchains.
Heterogeneous ice nucleation on silver-iodide-like surfaces
Creators: name: Fraux, Guillaume
name: Doye, Jonathan P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We attempt to simulate the heterogeneous nucleation of ice at model silver-iodide surfaces and find relatively facile ice nucleation and growth at the Ag+ termi nated basal face, but never see nucleation at the I- terminated basal face or the prism and normal faces. Water molecules strongly adsorb onto the Ag+ terminate d face to give a well-ordered hexagonal ice-like bilayer that then acts as a template for further ice growth.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure
Stability Analysis of Quadrature Methods for Two-Dimensional Singular Integral Equations
Creators: name: Abdel-Fattah, Ibrahim Saad
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: singular integral equation
subject: two-dimensional manifold
subject: quadrature method
subject: 45L10
subject: 45Exx
subject: 65N38
subject: 65R20

description: In this paper we apply a quadrature method based on the tensor product trapezoidal rule to the solution of a singular integral equation over the two-dimensional torus. We prove that this method is stable if and only if a certain numerical symbol does not vanish. For a special kernel function, we present a plot of numerically computed symbol values and, for symmetric kernels (Mikhlin-Giraud kernels), we show that the symbol is different from zero if the singular integral operator is invertible. Finally, we prove the convergence of our method and present numerical tests.
Tailored combination prevention packages and PrEP for young key populations
Creators: name: Hightow-Weidman, Lisa
name: Nguyen, Nadia L
name: Go, Vivian
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Celum, Connie
name: Cowan, Frances M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: IntroductionYoung key populations, defined in this article as men who have sex with men, transgender persons, people who sell sex and people who inject drugs, are at particularly high risk for HIV. Due to the often marginalized and sometimes criminalized status of young people who identify as members of key populations, there is a need for HIV prevention packages that account for the unique and challenging circumstances they face. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is likely to become an important element of combination prevention for many young key populations.ObjectiveIn this paper, we discuss important challenges to HIV prevention among young key populations, identify key components of a tailored combination prevention package for this population and examine the role of PrEP in these prevention packages.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive review of the evidence to date on prevention strategies, challenges to prevention and combination prevention packages for young key populations. We focused specifically on the role of PrEP in these prevention packages and on young people under the age of 24, and 18 in particular.Results and discussionCombination prevention packages that include effective, acceptable and scalable behavioural, structural and biologic interventions are needed for all key populations to prevent new HIV infections. Interventions in these packages should meaningfully involve beneficiaries in the design and implementation of the intervention, and take into account the context in which the intervention is being delivered to thoughtfully address issues of stigma and discrimination. These interventions will likely be most effective if implemented in conjunction with strategies to facilitate an enabling environment, including increasing access to HIV testing and health services for PrEP and other prevention strategies, decriminalizing key populations’ practices, increasing access to prevention and care, reducing stigma and discrimination, and fostering community empowerment. PrEP could offer a highly effective, time-limited primary prevention for young key populations if it is implemented in combination with other programs to increase access to health services and encourage the reliable use of PrEP while at risk of HIV exposure.ConclusionsReductions in HIV incidence will only be achieved through the implementation of combinations of interventions that include biomedical and behavioural interventions, as well as components that address social, economic and other structural factors that influence HIV prevention and transmission.
Enhancement of polarizabilities of cylinders with cylinder-slab resonances
Creators: name: Xiao, Meng
name: Huang, Xueqin
name: Liu, H.
name: Chan, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If an object is very small in size compared with the wavelength of light, it does not scatter light efficiently. It is hence difficult to detect a very small object with light. We show using analytic theory as well as full wave numerical calculation that the effective polarizability of a small cylinder can be greatly enhanced by coupling it with a superlens type metamaterial slab. This kind of enhancement is not due to the individual resonance effect of the metamaterial slab, nor due to that of the object, but is caused by a collective resonant mode between the cylinder and the slab. We show that this type of particle-slab resonance which makes a small two-dimensional object much brighter is actually closely related to the reverse effect known in the literature as cloaking by anomalous resonance which can make a small cylinder undetectable. We also show that the enhancement of polarizability can lead to strongly enhanced electromagnetic forces that can be attractive or repulsive, depending on the material properties of the cylinder.
Efficiency of the CATIE and BACS neuropsychological batteries in assessing cognitive effects of antipsychotic treatments in schizophrenia
Creators: name: HAMER, ROBERT M.
name: MCEVOY, JOSEPH P.
name: KEEFE, RICHARD S.E.
name: HILL, S. KRISTIAN
name: PERKINS, DIANA O.
name: GU, HONGBIN
name: LIEBERMAN, JEFFREY A.
name: SWEENEY, JOHN A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Efficient and reliable assessments of cognitive treatment effects are essential for the comparative evaluation of procognitive effects of pharmacologic therapies. Yet, no studies have addressed the sensitivity and efficiency with which neurocognitive batteries evaluate cognitive abilities before and after treatment. Participants were primarily first episode schizophrenia patients who completed baseline (n = 367) and 12-week (n = 219) assessments with the BACS (Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) and CATIE (Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness) neuropsychological batteries in a clinical trial comparing olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that performance on both batteries was characterized by a single factor of generalized cognitive deficit for both baseline performance and cognitive change after treatment. Both batteries estimated similar levels of change following treatment, although the BACS battery required half the administration time. Because a unitary factor characterized baseline cognitive abilities in early psychosis as well as cognitive change after treatment with atypical antipsychotic medications, short batteries such as the BACS may efficiently provide sufficient assessment of procognitive treatment effects with antipsychotic medications. Assessment of cognitive effects of adjunctive therapies targeting specific cognitive domains or impairments may require more extensive testing of the domains targeted to maximize sensitivity for detecting specific predicted cognitive outcomes.
Multiplexed long-range electrohydrodynamic transport and nano-optical trapping with cascaded bowtie photonic crystal nanobeams
Creators: name: Yang, Sen
name: Allen, Joshua A.
name: Hong, Chuchuan
name: Arnold, Kellen P.
name: Weiss, Sharon M.
name: Ndukaife, Justus C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic crystal cavities with bowtie defects that combine ultra-high Q and ultra-low mode volume are theoretically studied for low-power nanoscale optical trapping. By harnessing the localized heating of the water layer near the bowtie region, combined with an applied alternating current electric field, this system provides long-range electrohydrodynamic transport of particles with average velocities of 30 $\mathrm{μm/s}$ towards the bowtie region on demand by switching the input wavelength. Once transported to a given bowtie region, synergistic interaction of optical gradient and attractive negative thermophoretic forces stably trap a 10 nm quantum dot in a potential well with a depth of 10 $k_\mathrm{B}T$ using a mW input power.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Content-Based Search for Deep Generative Models
Creators: name: Lu, Daohan
name: Wang, Sheng-Yu
name: Kumari, Nupur
name: Agarwal, Rohan
name: Tang, Mia
name: Bau, David
name: Zhu, Jun-Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The growing proliferation of customized and pretrained generative models has made it infeasible for a user to be fully cognizant of every model in existence. To address this need, we introduce the task of content-based model search: given a query and a large set of generative models, finding the models that best match the query. As each generative model produces a distribution of images, we formulate the search task as an optimization problem to select the model with the highest probability of generating similar content as the query. We introduce a formulation to approximate this probability given the query from different modalities, e.g., image, sketch, and text. Furthermore, we propose a contrastive learning framework for model retrieval, which learns to adapt features for various query modalities. We demonstrate that our method outperforms several baselines on Generative Model Zoo, a new benchmark we create for the model retrieval task.
description: Our project page is hosted at https://generative-intelligence-lab.github.io/modelverse/
Crystal growth, characterization and electronic band structure of TiSeS
Creators: name: Shemerliuk, Y.
name: Kuibarov, A.
name: Feia, O.
name: Behnami, M.
name: Reichlova, H.
name: Suvorov, O.
name: Selter, S.
name: Efremov, D. V.
name: Borisenko, S.
name: Büchner, B.
name: Aswartham, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Layered semimetallic van der Waals materials TiSe2 has attracted a lot of attention because of interplay of a charge density wave (CDW) state and superconductivity. Its sister compound TiS2, being isovalent to TiSe2 and having the same crystal structure, shows a semiconducting behavior. The natural rises what happens at the transition point in TiSe2-xSx, which is expected for x close to 1. Here we report the growth and characterization of TiSeS single crystals and the study of the electronic structure using density functional theory (DFT) and angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES). We show that TiSeS single crystals have the same morphology as TiSe2. Transport measurements reveal a metallic state, no evidence of CDW was found. DFT calculations suggest that the electronic band structure in TiSeS is similar to that of TiSe2, but the electron and hole pockets in TiSeS are much smaller. The ARPES results are in good agreement with the calculations.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures
Nash Convergence of Mean-Based Learning Algorithms in First Price Auctions
Creators: name: Deng, Xiaotie
name: Hu, Xinyan
name: Lin, Tao
name: Zheng, Weiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Understanding the convergence properties of learning dynamics in repeated auctions is a timely and important question in the area of learning in auctions, with numerous applications in, e.g., online advertising markets. This work focuses on repeated first price auctions where bidders with fixed values for the item learn to bid using mean-based algorithms -- a large class of online learning algorithms that include popular no-regret algorithms such as Multiplicative Weights Update and Follow the Perturbed Leader. We completely characterize the learning dynamics of mean-based algorithms, in terms of convergence to a Nash equilibrium of the auction, in two senses: (1) time-average: the fraction of rounds where bidders play a Nash equilibrium approaches 1 in the limit; (2)last-iterate: the mixed strategy profile of bidders approaches a Nash equilibrium in the limit. Specifically, the results depend on the number of bidders with the highest value: - If the number is at least three, the bidding dynamics almost surely converges to a Nash equilibrium of the auction, both in time-average and in last-iterate. - If the number is two, the bidding dynamics almost surely converges to a Nash equilibrium in time-average but not necessarily in last-iterate. - If the number is one, the bidding dynamics may not converge to a Nash equilibrium in time-average nor in last-iterate. Our discovery opens up new possibilities in the study of convergence dynamics of learning algorithms.
description: A preliminary version was accepted to the Web Conference (WWW) 2022. This version updates references
On the extended multi-component Toda hierarchy
Creators: name: Li, Chuanzhong
name: He, Jingsong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extended flow equations of the multi-component Toda hierarchy are constructed. We give the Hirota bilinear equations and tau function of this new extended multi-component Toda hierarchy(EMTH). Because of logarithmic terms, some extended vertex operators are constructed in generalized Hirota bilinear equations which might be useful in topological field theory and Gromov-Witten theory. Meanwhile the Darboux transformation and bi-Hamiltonian structure of this hierarchy are given. From the Hamiltonian tau symmetry, we give another different tau function of this hierarchy with some unknown mysterious connections with the one defined from the point of wave functions.
description: 29 Pages, to appear in Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1403.0684
Deep learning for quality control of surface physiographic fields using satellite Earth observations
Creators: name: Kimpson, Tom
name: Choulga, Margarita
name: Chantry, Matthew
name: Balsamo, Gianpaolo
name: Boussetta, Souhail
name: Dueben, Peter
name: Palmer, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A purposely built deep learning algorithm for the Verification of Earth-System ParametERisation (VESPER) is used to assess recent upgrades of the global physiographic datasets underpinning the quality of the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), which is used both in numerical weather prediction and climate reanalyses. A neural network regression model is trained to learn the mapping between the surface physiographic dataset plus the meteorology from ERA5, and the MODIS satellite skin temperature observations. Once trained, this tool is applied to rapidly assess the quality of upgrades of the land-surface scheme. Upgrades which improve the prediction accuracy of the machine learning tool indicate a reduction of the errors in the surface fields used as input to the surface parametrisation schemes. Conversely, incorrect specifications of the surface fields decrease the accuracy with which VESPER can make predictions. We apply VESPER to assess the accuracy of recent upgrades of the permanent lake and glaciers covers as well as planned upgrades to represent seasonally varying water bodies (i.e. ephemeral lakes). We show that for grid-cells where the lake fields have been updated, the prediction accuracy in the land surface temperature (i.e mean absolute error difference between updated and original physiographic datasets) improves by 0.37 K on average, whilst for the subset of points where the lakes have been exchanged for bare ground (or vice versa) the improvement is 0.83 K. We also show that updates to the glacier cover improve the prediction accuracy by 0.22 K. We highlight how neural networks such as VESPER can assist the research and development of surface parameterizations and their input physiography to better represent Earth's surface couples processes in weather and climate models.
description: 26 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
Prototype Open Event Reconstruction Pipeline for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Creators: name: Nöthe, Maximilian
name: Kosack, Karl
name: Nickel, Lukas
name: Peresano, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation gamma-ray observatory currently under construction. It will improve over the current generation of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) by a factor of five to ten in sensitivity and it will be able to observe the whole sky from a combination of two sites: a northern site in La Palma, Spain, and a southern one in Paranal, Chile. CTA will also be the first open gamma-ray observatory. Accordingly, the data analysis pipeline is developed as open-source software. The event reconstruction pipeline accepts raw data of the telescopes and processes it to produce suitable input for the higher-level science tools. Its primary tasks include reconstructing the physical properties of each recorded shower and providing the corresponding instrument response functions. ctapipe is a framework providing algorithms and tools to facilitate raw data calibration, image extraction, image parameterization and event reconstruction. Its main focus is currently the analysis of simulated data but it has also been successfully applied for the analysis of data obtained with the first CTA prototype telescopes, such as the Large-Sized Telescope 1 (LST-1). pyirf is a library to calculate IACT instrument response functions, needed to obtain physics results like spectra and light curves, from the reconstructed event lists. Building on these two, protopipe is a prototype for the event reconstruction pipeline for CTA. Recent developments in these software packages will be presented.
description: In proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)
Neuropsychological findings in childhood neglect and their relationships to pediatric PTSD
Creators: name: WOOLLEY, DONALD P.
name: SPRATT, EVE G.
name: DE BELLIS, MICHAEL D.
name: HOOPER, STEPHEN R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Although child neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment, the neurocognitive effects of neglect is understudied.
Image denoising: Pointwise adaptive approach
Creators: name: Spokoiny, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: edge
subject: design
subject: grid
subject: image
subject: pointwise estimation
subject: rate of image and edge estimation
subject: data-driven window
subject: 62G07
subject: 62G20

description: The paper is concerned with the problem of image denoising. We consider the case of black-white type images consisting of a finite number of regions with smooth boundaries and the image value is assumed to be piecewise constant within each region. New method of image denoising is proposed which is adaptive (assumption free) to the number of regions and smoothness properties of edges. The method is based on a pointwise image recovering and it relies on an adaptive choice of a smoothing window. It is shown that the attainable quality of estimation depends on the distance from the point of estimation to the closest boundary and on the smoothness properties of this boundary. As a consequence, it turns out that the proposed method provides the optimal rate of the edge estimation.
Extended physiotherapy after Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay: A prospective pilot study with a before and after design
Creators: name: Siesage, Katinka
name: Joelsson-Alm, Eva
name: Schandl, Anna
name: Karlsson, Emelie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: To examine whether extended compared to standard level of physiotherapy is feasible and has beneficial effects on physical function in ICU survivors. This prospective pilot study with a before and after design included patients discharged from ICU to a surgical ward. The comparison group were recruited between January and April 2019 and received standard level of physiotherapy. The intervention group were recruited between May and December 2019 and received extended physiotherapy, corresponding to 50% additional physiotherapist, working 4 hours per weekday. The intervention participants received an individual rehabilitation plan developed in collaboration with a ward-based physiotherapist, and an extended number of sessions provided by the extra resource included practicing individualized exercises, for example walking and stair climbing. Physical function was measured with the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool (CPAx) at ICU discharge, during hospital stay and discharge. Group differences were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U-test and Chi2 test. Out of 46 eligible patients, 39 (85%) fulfilled the study (comparison n = 12, intervention n = 27) and were included in the final analyses. No adverse events occurred, and the attendance rate was high (98.5%). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding physical function, hospital stay, and readmissions, but there were tendencies to better outcomes in all these parameters in favor of the intervention group. Additionally, patients in the intervention group had statistically significantly higher scores in the CPAx items “transferring from bed to chair” (median 5 vs 4, p = .039) and “stepping” (median 5 vs 4, p = .005) at hospital discharge. This pilot study indicates that extended physiotherapy after ICU discharge is feasible and does not entail patient safety risks. However, determining the potential beneficial effects for the patients remains to be evaluated in a larger trial.
New Tsallis holographic dark energy with apparent horizon as IR-cutoff in non-flat Universe
Creators: name: Ali, Nisha Muttathazhathu
name: Pankaj
name: Sharma, Umesh Kumar
name: P, Suresh Kumar
name: Srivastava, Shikha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New Tsallis holographic dark energy with apparent horizon as IR-cutoff studied by considering non-flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric. The accelerating expansion phase of the Universe is described by using deceleration parameter, equation of state parameter and density parameter by using different values of NTHDE parameter "$δ$". The NTHDE Universe's transition from a decelerated to an accelerated expanding phase is described by the smooth graph of deceleration parameter. Depending on distinct values of Tsallis parameter "$δ$", we have explored the quintessence behavior of the equation of state parameter. We used Hubble data sets obtained using Cosmic Chronometric methods and distance modulus measurement of Type Ia Supernova to fit the NTHDE parameters. Stability of our model by analyzing the squared speed of sound investigated as well.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
Emergence of limit-periodic order in tiling models
Creators: name: Marcoux, Catherine
name: Byington, Travis W.
name: Qian, Zongjin
name: Charbonneau, Patrick
name: Socolar, Joshua E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 2D lattice model defined on a triangular lattice with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions based on the Taylor-Socolar monotile is known to have a limit-periodic ground state. The system reaches that state during a slow quench through an infinite sequence of phase transitions. We study the model as a function of the strength of the next-nearest-neighbor interactions, and introduce closely related 3D models with only nearest-neighbor interactions that exhibit limit-periodic phases. For models with no next-nearest-neighbor interactions of the Taylor-Socolar type, there is a large degenerate classes of ground states, including crystalline patterns and limit-periodic ones, but a slow quench still yields the limit-periodic state. For the Taylor-Socolar lattice model, we present calculations of the diffraction pattern for a particular decoration of the tile that permits exact expressions for the amplitudes, and identify domain walls that slow the relaxation times in the ordered phases. For one of the 3D models, we show that the phase transitions are first order, with equilibrium structures that can be more complex than in the 2D case, and we include a proof of aperiodicity for a geometrically simple tile with only nearest-neighbor matching rules.
description: 25 pages, 28 figures; To appear in Physical Review E
Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes during Relational Retrieval in Normal Aging and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Creators: name: Giovanello, Kelly S.
name: De Brigard, Felipe
name: Hennessey Ford, Jaclyn
name: Burke, James R.
name: Browndyke, Jeffrey N.
name: Welsh-Bohmer, Kathleen A.
name: Kaufer, Daniel I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The earliest cognitive deficits observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) appear to center on memory tasks that require relational memory (RM), the ability to link or integrate unrelated pieces of information. RM impairments in aMCI likely reflect neural changes in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). We tested the hypothesis that individuals with aMCI, as compared to cognitively normal (CN) controls, would recruit neural regions outside of the MTL and PPC to support relational memory. To this end, we directly compared the neural underpinnings of successful relational retrieval in aMCI and CN groups, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), holding constant the stimuli and encoding task. The fMRI data showed that the CN, compared to the aMCI, group activated left precuneus, left angular gyrus, right posterior cingulate, and right parahippocampal cortex during relational retrieval, while the aMCI group, relative to the CN group, activated superior temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus for this comparison. Such findings indicate an early shift in the functional neural architecture of relational retrieval in aMCI, and may prove useful in future studies aimed at capitalizing on functionally intact neural regions as targets for treatment and slowing of the disease course.
The effects of draw restrictions on knockout tournaments
Creators: name: Csató, László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62F07, 90-10, 90B90

description: The paper analyses how draw constraints influence the outcome of a knockout tournament. The research question is inspired by European club football competitions, where the organiser generally imposes an association constraint in the first round of the knockout phase: teams from the same country cannot be drawn against each other. Its effects are explored in both theoretical and simulation models. An association constraint in the first round(s) is found to increase the likelihood of same nation matchups to approximately the same extent in each subsequent round. If the favourite teams are concentrated in some associations, they will have a higher probability to win the tournament under this policy but the increase is less than linear if it is used in more rounds. Our results might explain the recent introduction of the association constraint for both the knockout round play-offs with 16 teams and the Round of 16 in the UEFA Europa League and UEFA Europa Conference League.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables
Bayesian Modeling of Dynamic Behavioral Change During an Epidemic
Creators: name: Ward, Caitlin
name: Deardon, Rob
name: Schmidt, Alexandra M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For many infectious disease outbreaks, the at-risk population changes their behavior in response to the outbreak severity, causing the transmission dynamics to change in real-time. Behavioral change is often ignored in epidemic modeling efforts, making these models less useful than they could be. We address this by introducing a novel class of data-driven epidemic models which characterize and accurately estimate behavioral change. Our proposed model allows time-varying transmission to be captured by the level of "alarm" in the population, with alarm specified as a function of the past epidemic trajectory. We investigate the estimability of the population alarm across a wide range of scenarios, applying both parametric functions and non-parametric functions using splines and Gaussian processes. The model is set in the data-augmented Bayesian framework to allow estimation on partially observed epidemic data. The benefit and utility of the proposed approach is illustrated through applications to data from real epidemics.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures