cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Current status and future prospects of the singlet-doublet dark matter model with CP-violation
Creators: name: Abe, Tomohiro
name: Sato, Ryosuke
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: We discuss the singlet-doublet fermion dark matter model with CP-violation. In this model, the CP-violation generates a pseudo-scalar interaction of dark matter with the SM-Higgs boson. Thanks to the pseudo-scalar interaction, the model can evade the strong constraint from the dark matter direct detection experiments while keeping the success of the thermal relic scenario. The CP-violation also predicts signals in dark matter indirect detection experiments and electric dipole moments (EDM) that can be as large as the current upper bound. We investigate the constraints and prospects of the direct detection experiments, the indirect detection experiment, and the electron EDM. We also investigate the stability of the Higgs potential. Combining these observables, we find that heavy dark matter is disfavored. We also find it is possible to probe the Higgs funnel region by the combination of the direct detection experiments and the measurements of the electron EDM if experiments for the electron EDM reach to $O(10^{ -32})$ e cm in future.
The Spitzer South Pole Telescope Deep Field Survey: Linking galaxies and halos at z=1.5
Creators: name: Martinez-Manso, Jesus
name: Gonzalez, Anthony H.
name: Ashby, Matthew L. N.
name: Stanford, S. A.
name: Brodwin, Mark
name: Holder, Gilbert P.
name: Stern, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the clustering of high-redshift galaxies in the recently completed 94 deg$^2$ Spitzer-SPT Deep Field survey. Applying flux and color cuts to the mid-infrared photometry efficiently selects galaxies at $z\sim1.5$ in the stellar mass range $10^{10}-10^{11}M_\odot$, making this sample the largest used so far to study such a distant population. We measure the angular correlation function in different flux-limited samples at scales $>6^{\prime \prime}$ (corresponding to physical distances $>0.05$ Mpc) and thereby map the one- and two-halo contributions to the clustering. We fit halo occupation distributions and determine how the central galaxy's stellar mass and satellite occupation depend on the halo mass. We measure a prominent peak in the stellar-to-halo mass ratio at a halo mass of $\log(M_{\rm halo} / M_\odot) = 12.44\pm0.08$, 4.5 times higher than the $z=0$ value. This supports the idea of an evolving mass threshold above which star formation is quenched. We estimate the large-scale bias in the range $b_g=2-4$ and the satellite fraction to be $f_\mathrm{sat}\sim0.2$, showing a clear evolution compared to $z=0$. We also find that, above a given stellar mass limit, the fraction of galaxies that are in similar mass pairs is higher at $z=1.5$ than at $z=0$. In addition, we measure that this fraction mildly increases with the stellar mass limit at $z=1.5$, which is the opposite of the behavior seen at low-redshift.
description: 32 pages, 22 figures. Published in MNRAS
Deuterated Malonamide Synthesis for Fundamental Research on Solvent Extraction Systems
Creators: name: Micheau, Cyril
name: Ueda, Yuki
name: Akutsu-Suyama, Kazuhiro
name: Bourgeois, Damien
name: Motokawa, Ryuhei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Malonamide derivatives, which are the most extensively investigated extractants for solvent extraction of lanthanides, actinides, and platinum group metal ions, were deuterated by using Pd/C and Rh/C catalysts in a D2O/2-propanol mixture. This method replaces 1H atoms in the malonamides with 2H atoms at a controllable deuteration rate. The maximum rate reached about 75%, determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization – mass spectrometry. The extraction behavior of metal ions by the malonamides was unchanged by the deuteration. Deuterated malonamides are a powerful tool for fundamental research on solvent extraction systems and for structural analysis of organic phases. The large difference in the cross section of coherent neutron scattering between 1H and 2H leads to a large difference in neutron scattering length density of malonamide derivatives before and after the deuteration. Therefore, using deuterated malonamides in small-angle neutron scattering and neutron reflectivity studies may help to reveal the microscopic structure of the specific solute species in the bulk organic phase and at the liquid–liquid interface, respectively. In this paper, we report the advantage of the deuterated malonamides for a contrast-matching method in the SANS experiment. This deuteration method could be generalized and extended to a wide variety of extractant molecules.
Chiral Anomaly and Schwinger Effect in Non-Abelian Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Domcke, Valerie
name: Ema, Yohei
name: Mukaida, Kyohei
name: Sato, Ryosuke
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: gauge field theory: nonabelian
anomaly: chiral
gauge field theory: abelian
gauge field theory: SU(2)
fermion: production
fermion: chiral
fermion: dispersion relation
fermion: excited state
production: asymmetry
current: induced
background
density
back reaction
pair production
inflation

description: We study the production of chiral fermions in a background of a strong non-abelian gauge field with a non-vanishing Chern-Pontryagin density. We discuss both pair production analogous to the Schwinger effect as well as asymmetric production through the chiral anomaly, sourced by the Chern-Pontryagin density. In abelian gauge theories one may nicely understand these processes by considering that the fermion dispersion relation forms discrete Landau levels. Here we extend this analysis to a non-abelian gauge theory, considering an intrinsically non-abelian isotropic and homogeneous SU(2) gauge field background with a non-vanishing Chern-Pontryagin density. We show that the asymmetric fermion production, together with a non-trivial vacuum contribution, correctly reproduces the chiral anomaly. This indicates that the usual vacuum subtraction scheme, imposing normal ordering, fails in this case. As a concrete example of this gauge field background, we consider chromo-natural inflation. Applying our analysis to this particular model, we compute the backreaction of the generated fermions on the gauge field background. This backreaction receives contributions both from the vacuum through a Coleman-Weinberg-type correction and from the fermion excitations through an induced current.
Superoperator coupled cluster method for nonequilibrium density matrix
Creators: name: Dzhioev, Alan A.
name: Kosov, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a superoperator coupled cluster method for nonequilibrium open many-body quantum systems described by the Lindblad master equation. The method is universal and applicable to systems of interacting fermions, bosons or their mixtures. We present a general theory and consider its application to the problem of quantum transport through the system with electron-phonon correlations. The results are assessed against the perturbation theory and nonequilibrium configuration interaction theory calculations.
description: Minor revision according to referees, one new figure
Strong Dependence of Type Ia Supernova Standardization on the Local Specific Star Formation Rate
Creators: name: Rigault, M.
name: Brinnel, V.
name: Aldering, G.
name: Antilogus, P.
name: Aragon, C.
name: Bailey, S.
name: Baltay, C.
name: Barbary, K.
name: Bongard, S.
name: Boone, K.
name: Buton, C.
name: Childress, M.
name: Chotard, N.
name: Copin, Y.
name: Dixon, S.
name: Fagrelius, P.
name: Feindt, U.
name: Fouchez, D.
name: Gangler, E.
name: Hayden, B.
name: Hillebrandt, W.
name: Howell, D. A.
name: Kim, A.
name: Kowalski, Marek
name: Kuesters, D.
name: Leget, P. -F.
name: Lombardo, S.
name: Lin, Q.
name: Nordin, J.
name: Pain, R.
name: Pecontal, E.
name: Pereira, R.
name: Perlmutter, S.
name: Rabinowitz, D.
name: Runge, K.
name: Rubin, D.
name: Saunders, C.
name: Smadja, G.
name: Sofiatti, C.
name: Suzuki, N.
name: Taubenberger, S.
name: Tao, C.
name: Thomas, R. C.
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2018

description: As part of an on-going effort to identify, understand and correct for astrophysics biases in the standardization of Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) for cosmology, we have statistically classified a large sample of nearby SNe Ia into those located in predominantly younger or older environments. This classification is based on the specific star formation rate measured within a projected distance of 1 kpc from each SN location, (LsSFR). This is an important refinement compared to using the local star formation rate directly (Rigault et al. 2013; 2015), as it provides a normalization for relativenumbers of available SN progenitors and is more robust against extinction by dust. We find that the SNe Ia in predominantly younger environments are $∆_Y$=0.163±0.029 mag (5.7σ) fainter than those in predominantly older environments after conventional light-curve standardization. Thisis the strongest standardized SN Ia brightness systematic connected to host-galaxy environment measured to date. The well-established step in standardized brightnesses between SNe Ia in hosts with lower or higher total stellar masses is smaller, at $∆_M$=0.119±0.032 mag (4.5σ), for the same set of SNe Ia. When fit simultaneously, the environment age offset remains very significant, with $∆_Y$=0.129±0.032 mag (4.0σ), while the global stellar mass step is reduced to $∆_M$=0.064±0.029 mag (2.2σ). Thus, approximately 70% of the variance from the stellar mass step is due to an underlying dependence on environment-based progenitor age. Also, we verify that using the local star formation rate alone is not aspowerful as LsSFR at sorting SNe Ia into brighter and fainter subsets. Standardization using only the SNe Ia in younger environments reduces thetotal dispersion from 0.142±0.008 mag to 0.120±0.010 mag. We show that as environment ages evolve with redshift, a strong bias, especially onmeasurement of the derivative of the dark energy equation of state, can develop. Fortunately, data to measure and correct for this effect using our local specific star formation rate indicator is likely to be available for many next-generation SN Ia cosmology experiments.
title: BioX⁺⁺ - New Results and Conceptions Concerning the Intelligent Control of Biotechnological Processes
Creators: name: Bettenhausen, Kurt Dirk
name: Gehlen, Stefan
name: Marenbach, Peter
name: Tolle, Henning
Publisher: name: IFAC - International Federation of Automatic Control
Year: 2023

description: The artice at hand presents new results and conceptions concerning the intelligent and autonomous control of biotechnological processes by integrating conventional, knowledge-based and learning methods. The extended system BioX⁺⁺ facilitates the transparent generation of process control strategies and sequences based on automatically self-organized structured process models. Experimental results showing the increased product yield and the discussion of approach-specific problems are part of this paper as well as the new approaches actually examined.
Bibliometrie – Über den Versuch, Wissenschaft zu messen
Creators: name: Köhler, Martin
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2019

description: Science Cafe, Hamburg, DESY, Germany, 16 Jan 2019 - 16 Jan 2019
description: Wir alle kennen Ranglisten. Das beste Auto, die beste Schule usw.Nicht erst seit der Diskussion um Raubverlage und Scheinkonferenzen wird versucht mit Hilfe von statistischen Verfahren den Einfluss (Impact) von Wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis, die in Form von Veröffentlichungen erscheinen, zu messen. Aber was kann man hier eigentlich wie messen und was bedeuten die Zahlen, die dabei herauskommen?Oder gilt auch hier das Grundgesetz der Meßtechnik und des Meßwesens: "Wer mißt, mißt Mist"?
Galaxy properties and the cosmic web in simulations
Creators: name: Metuki, Ofer
name: Libeskind, Noam I.
name: Hoffman, Yehuda
name: Crain, Robert A.
name: Theuns, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We seek to understand the relationship between galaxy properties and their local environment, which calls for a proper formulation of the notion of environment. We analyse the GIMIC suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations within the framework of the cosmic web as formulated by Hoffman et al., focusing on properties of simulated DM haloes and luminous galaxies with respect to voids, sheets, filaments and knots - the four elements of the cosmic web. We find that the mass functions of haloes depend on environment, which drives other environmental dependence of galaxy formation. The web shapes the halo mass function, and through the strong dependence of the galaxy properties on the mass of their host haloes, it also shapes the galaxy-(web) environment dependence.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
BCS Instability and Finite Temperature Corrections to Tachyon Mass in Intersecting D1-Branes
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Sudipto Paul
name: Sarkar, Swarnendu
name: Sathiapalan, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A holographic description of BCS superconductivity is given in arxiv:1104.2843. This model was constructed by insertion of a pair of D8-branes on a D4-background. The spectrum of intersecting D8-branes has tachyonic modes indicating an instability which is identified with the BCS instability in superconductors. Our aim is to study the stability of the intersecting branes under finite temperature effects. Many of the technical aspects of this problem are captured by a simpler problem of two intersecting D1-branes on flat background. In the simplified set-up we compute the one-loop finite temperature corrections to the tree-level tachyon mass using the frame-work of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in (1 + 1)-dimensions. We show that the one-loop two-point functions are ultraviolet finite due to cancellation of ultraviolet divergence between the amplitudes containing bosons and fermions in the loop. The amplitudes are found to be infrared divergent due to the presence of massless fields in the loops. We compute the finite temperature mass correction to all the massless fields and use these temperature dependent masses to compute the tachyonic mass correction. We show numerically the existence of a transition temperature at which the effective mass of the tree-level tachyons becomes zero, thereby stabilizing the brane configuration.
description: Article, 95 pages, 59 figures, improved numerics, added references
JEAI TANIT - Programme de l'Atelier des 28-30 juin 2022 "Gestion et partage des données de la recherche : aspects juridiques, éthiques et techniques"
Creators: name: JEAI TANIT
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: JEAI TANIT - Programme de l'atelier "Gestion et partage des données de la recherche : introduction, aspects juridiques, éthiques etechniques" organisé du 28 au 30 Juin 2022, Hôtel Mechtel, Tunis, Tunisie
3.55 keV photon lines from axion to photon conversion in the Milky Way and M31
Creators: name: Conlon, Joseph P.
name: Day, Francesca V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We further explore a scenario in which the recently observed 3.55 keV photon line arises from dark matter decay to an axion-like particle (ALP) of energy 3.55 keV, which then converts to a photon in astrophysical magnetic fields. This ALP scenario is well-motivated by the observed morphology of the 3.55 keV flux. For this scenario we study the expected flux from dark matter decay in the galactic halos of both the Milky Way and Andromeda (M31). The Milky Way magnetic field is asymmetric about the galactic centre, and so the resulting 3.55 keV flux morphology differs significantly from the case of direct dark matter decay to photons. However the Milky Way magnetic field is not large enough to generate an observable signal, even with ASTRO-H. In contrast, M31 has optimal conditions for ALP to photon conversion and the intrinsic signal from M31 becomes two orders of magnitude larger than for the Milky Way, comparable to that from clusters and consistent with observations.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures Version accepted for publication in JCAP
Agile Research Software Development: Scrum
Creators: name: Liewald, Kay
name: Sautter, Lilja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Agile
Scrum
Project Management
RSE

description: At the Göttingen State and University Library, we successfully use agile methods to develop research software. Our presentation will mainly be about Scrum. We want to describe the basic workflows we use in Scrum to make them accessible to everyone. The basic question is: When do you use Scrum at all, and why? Using an example project, will also introduce the different roles and events and, most importantly, the values on which our Scrum teamwork is based.
AGBIR_Vol-39_Iss-1_AGBIR-22-79510-AC.pdf
Creators: name: Hartnell, Gary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Agricultural production systems simulation
Agricultural land planning
Agricultural management of nutrients
Farm management, rural management and agribusiness

description: Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) is an annual weed that grows over the winter in Eurasia and North America. It is a member of the Brassicacae family, commonly known as the mustard family. Field pennycress contains high levels of oil (~25-30%) that makes it a desirable ultra-low carbon fuel feedstock. The potential commercial value of field pennycress production has been researched extensively in a variety of leading laboratories including the National Center for Agricultural Innovation, USDA ARS, Peoria, IL, Western Illinois University, Illinois State University and the University of Minnesota. The cumulative literature and experience establish that field pennycress can be domesticated and cultivated as a winter annual in a corn/pennycress/soybean rotation where pennycress is sown and harvested as a cash winter cover crop as Phippen and Phippen [1] and reported by Sedbrook et al.
An Empirical Study on Software Defect Prediction with a Simplified Metric Set
Creators: name: He, Peng
name: Li, Bing
name: Liu, Xiao
name: Chen, Jun
name: Ma, Yutao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.8; D.2.9
subject: 68N30

description: Software defect prediction plays a crucial role in estimating the most defect-prone components of software, and a large number of studies have pursued improving prediction accuracy within a project or across projects. However, the rules for making an appropriate decision between within- and cross-project defect prediction when available historical data are insufficient remain unclear. The objective of this work is to validate the feasibility of the predictor built with a simplified metric set for software defect prediction in different scenarios, and to investigate practical guidelines for the choice of training data, classifier and metric subset of a given project. First, based on six typical classifiers, we constructed three types of predictors using the size of software metric set in three scenarios. Then, we validated the acceptable performance of the predictor based on Top-k metrics in terms of statistical methods. Finally, we attempted to minimize the Top-k metric subset by removing redundant metrics, and we tested the stability of such a minimum metric subset with one-way ANOVA tests. The experimental results indicate that (1) the choice of training data should depend on the specific requirement of prediction accuracy; (2) the predictor built with a simplified metric set works well and is very useful in case limited resources are supplied; (3) simple classifiers (e.g., Naive Bayes) also tend to perform well when using a simplified metric set for defect prediction; and (4) in several cases, the minimum metric subset can be identified to facilitate the procedure of general defect prediction with acceptable loss of prediction precision in practice. The guideline for choosing a suitable simplified metric set in different scenarios is presented in Table 12.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, 13 tables
Clock Hypothesis of Relativity Theory, Maximal Acceleration, and Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Potzel, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results obtained several years ago using the high-resolution 93.3 keV Mössbauer resonance in $^{67}$ZnO and $β'$-brass have been reanalyzed with the notion that the clock hypothesis of Special Relativity Theory is not sufficient, but that a maximal acceleration $a_m$ exists and that an acceleration $a$ contributes to the temperature dependence of the center shift by a term $\pm(1/2)(a/a_m)^2$. The significance of the sign of this term is discussed in detail. For both substances a lower limit of $a_m>1.5\cdot10^{21}m/s^2$ is inferred which is more than two orders of magnitude larger than the value $a_m=1\cdot10^{19}m/s^2$ suggested by $^{57}$Fe rotor experiments.
description: 6 pages, extended discussion: allowing positive as well as negative sign of the acceleration term
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in twin images
Creators: name: Moreau, Paul-Antoine
name: Devaux, Fabrice
name: Lantz, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatially entangled twin photons provide both promising resources for modern quantum information protocols, because of the high dimensionality of transverse entanglement, and a test of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) paradox in its original form of position versus impulsion. Usually, photons in temporal coincidence are selected and their positions recorded, resulting in a priori assumptions on their spatio-temporal behavior. Here, we record on two separate electron-multiplying charge coupled devices (EMCCD) cameras twin images of the entire flux of spontaneous down-conversion. This ensures a strict equivalence between the subsystems corresponding to the detection of either position (image or near-field plane) or momentum (Fourier or far-field plane). We report then highest degree of paradox ever reported and show that this degree corresponds to the number of independent degrees of freedom or resolution cells, of the images.
Comparison of different capillary bridge models for application in the discrete element method
Creators: name: Gladkyy, Anton
name: Schwarze, Ruediger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weakly wetted granular material is the subject of many studies. Several formulations were proposed to calculate the capillary forces between wet particles. In this paper some of such models have been implemented in a DEM-framework, and simulation results were compared to experimental measurements. Also, the influence of capillary model type on macro parameters like local shear viscosity and cohesive parameters of sheared material have been investigated through the simulation of spherical beads using a DEM-model of a split-bottom shear-cell. It was concluded that the water content, simulated with the help of capillary bridge models, changes the macro-properties of the simulated granular material. Different capillary bridge models do not influence the macroscopic results visibly.
Intra-unit-cell nematic charge order in the titanium-oxypnictide family of superconductors
Creators: name: Frandsen, Benjamin A.
name: Bozin, Emil S.
name: Hu, Hefei
name: Zhu, Yimei
name: Nozaki, Yasumasa
name: Kageyama, Hiroshi
name: Uemura, Yasutomo J.
name: Yin, Wei-Guo
name: Billinge, Simon J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the role played by broken symmetry states such as charge, spin, and orbital orders in the mechanism of emergent properties such as high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) is a major current topic in materials research. That the order may be within one unit cell, such as nematic, was only recently considered theoretically, but its observation in the iron-pnictide and doped cuprate superconductors places it at the forefront of current research. Here we show that the recently discovered BaTi$_2$Sb$_2$O superconductor and its "parent" compound BaTi$_2$As$_2$O form a symmetry-breaking nematic ground state that can be naturally explained as an intra-unit-cell charge order with $d$-wave symmetry, pointing to the ubiquity of the phenomenon. These findings, together with the key structural features in these materials being intermediate between the cuprate and iron-pnictide HTSC materials, render the titanium oxypnictides an important new material system to understand the nature of nematic order and its relationship to superconductivity.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Structure Tensor Based Image Interpolation Method
Creators: name: Baghaie, Ahmadreza
name: Yu, Zeyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Feature preserving image interpolation is an active area in image processing field. In this paper a new direct edge directed image super-resolution algorithm based on structure tensors is proposed. Using an isotropic Gaussian filter, the structure tensor at each pixel of the input image is computed and the pixels are classified to three distinct classes; uniform region, corners and edges, according to the eigenvalues of the structure tensor. Due to application of the isotropic Gaussian filter, the classification is robust to noise presented in image. Based on the tangent eigenvector of the structure tensor, the edge direction is determined and used for interpolation along the edges. In comparison to some previous edge directed image interpolation methods, the proposed method achieves higher quality in both subjective and objective aspects. Also the proposed method outperforms previous methods in case of noisy and JPEG compressed images. Furthermore, without the need for optimization in the process, the algorithm can achieve higher speed.
description: Accepted for publication in AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications
Trophic coherence determines food-web stability
Creators: name: Johnson, Samuel
name: Domínguez-García, Virginia
name: Donetti, Luca
name: Muñoz, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Why are large, complex ecosystems stable? Both theory and simulations of current models predict the onset of instability with growing size and complexity, so for decades it has been conjectured that ecosystems must have some unidentified structural property exempting them from this outcome. We show that 'trophic coherence' -- a hitherto ignored feature of food webs which current structural models fail to reproduce -- is a better statistical predictor of linear stability than size or complexity. Furthermore, we prove that a maximally coherent network with constant interaction strengths will always be linearly stable. We also propose a simple model which, by correctly capturing the trophic coherence of food webs, accurately reproduces their stability and other basic structural features. Most remarkably, our model shows that stability can increase with size and complexity. This suggests a key to May's Paradox, and a range of opportunities and concerns for biodiversity conservation.
description: Manuscript plus Supporting Information. To appear in PNAS
A simple argument for dark matter as an effect of slightly modified gravity
Creators: name: Kuhfittig, Peter K. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This note presents a simple argument showing that dark matter is an effect of $f(R)$ gravity based on the definition of slightly modified gravitational theories previously proposed by the author.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Measurement of dijet cross sections in pp collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy using the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double-differential dijet cross sections measured in pp collisions at the LHC with a 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy are presented as functions of dijet mass and rapidity separation of the two highest-pT jets. These measurements are obtained using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5/fb, recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2011. The data are corrected for detector effects so that cross sections are presented at the particle level. Cross sections are measured up to 5 TeV dijet mass using jets reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm for values of the jet radius parameter of 0.4 and 0.6. The cross sections are compared with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations by NLOJET++ corrected to account for non-perturbative effects. Comparisons with POWHEG predictions, using a next-to-leading-order matrix element calculation interfaced to a parton-shower Monte Carlo simulation, are also shown. Electroweak effects are accounted for in both cases. The quantitative comparison of data and theoretical predictions obtained using various parameterizations of the parton distribution functions is performed using a frequentist method. An example setting a lower limit on the compositeness scale for a model of contact interactions is presented, showing that the unfolded results can be used to constrain contributions to dijet production beyond that predicted by the Standard Model.
description: 53 pages plus author list (75 pages total), 14 figures, 15 tables, submitted to JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2012-03/ Revision matches published version
A mean-field theory of nearly many-body localized metals
Creators: name: Gopalakrishnan, Sarang
name: Nandkishore, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a mean-field theory of the metallic phase near the many-body localization (MBL) transition, using the observation that a system near the MBL transition should become an increasingly slow heat bath for its constituent parts. As a first step, we consider the properties of a many-body localized system coupled to a generic ergodic bath whose characteristic dynamical timescales are much slower than those of the system. As we discuss, a wide range of experimentally relevant systems fall into this class; we argue that relaxation in these systems is dominated by collective many-particle rearrangements, and compute the associated timescales and spectral broadening. We then use the observation that the self-consistent environment of any region in a nearly localized metal can itself be modeled as a slowly fluctuating bath to outline a self-consistent mean-field description of the nearly localized metal and the localization transition. In the nearly localized regime, the spectra of local operators are highly inhomogeneous and the typical local spectral linewidth is narrow. The local spectral linewidth is proportional to the DC conductivity, which is small in the nearly localized regime. This typical linewidth and the DC conductivity go to zero as the localized phase is approached, with a scaling that we calculate, and which appears to be in good agreement with recent experimental results.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures; major revisions, including a revised phase diagram
Cosmological Constraints from the double source plane lens SDSSJ0946+1006
Creators: name: Collett, Thomas E.
name: Auger, Matthew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present constraints on the equation of state of dark energy, $w$, and the total matter density, $Ω_{\mathrm{M}}$, derived from the double-source-plane strong lens SDSSJ0946+1006, the first cosmological measurement with a galaxy-scale double-source-plane lens. By modelling the primary lens with an elliptical power-law mass distribution, and including perturbative lensing by the first source, we are able to constrain the cosmological scaling factor in this system to be $β^{-1}=1.404 \pm 0.016$, which implies $Ω_{\mathrm{M}}= 0.33_{-0.26}^{+0.33}$ for a flat $Λ$ cold dark matter ($Λ$CDM) cosmology. Combining with a cosmic microwave background prior from Planck, we find $w$ = $-1.17^{+0.20}_{-0.21}$ assuming a flat $w$CDM cosmology. This inference shifts the posterior by 1$σ$ and improves the precision by 30 per cent with respect to Planck alone, and demonstrates the utility of combining simple, galaxy-scale multiple-source-plane lenses with other cosmological probes to improve precision and test for residual systematic biases.
description: 9 Pages, 7 Figures. Updated version as published in MNRAS
Radial variations in the stellar initial mass function of early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Martín-Navarro, Ignacio
name: La Barbera, Francesco
name: Vazdekis, Alexandre
name: Falcón-Barroso, Jesús
name: Ferreras, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hypothesis of a universal initial mass function (IMF) -- motivated by observations in nearby stellar systems -- has been recently challenged by the discovery of a systematic variation of the IMF with the central velocity dispersion, σ, of early-type galaxies (ETGs), towards an excess of low-mass stars in high-σ galaxies. This trend has been derived so far from integrated spectra, and remains unexplained at present. To test whether such trend depends on the local properties within a galaxy, we have obtained new, extremely deep, spectroscopic data, for three nearby ETGs, two galaxies with high σ (~300 km/s), and one lower mass system, with σ ~ 100 km/s. From the analysis of IMF-sensitive spectral features, we find that the IMF depends significantly on galactocentric distance in the massive ETGs, with the enhanced fraction of low-mass stars f mostly confined to their central regions. In contrast, the low-σ galaxy does not show any significant radial gradient in the IMF, well described by a shallower distribution, relative to the innermost regions of massive galaxies, at all radii. Such a result indicates that the IMF should be regarded as a local (rather than global) property, and suggests a significant difference between the formation process of the core and the outer regions of massive ETGs.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Blind Denoising with Random Greedy Pursuits
Creators: name: Moussallam, Manuel
name: Gramfort, Alexandre
name: Daudet, Laurent
name: Richard, Gaël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Denoising methods require some assumptions about the signal of interest and the noise. While most denoising procedures require some knowledge about the noise level, which may be unknown in practice, here we assume that the signal expansion in a given dictionary has a distribution that is more heavy-tailed than the noise. We show how this hypothesis leads to a stopping criterion for greedy pursuit algorithms which is independent from the noise level. Inspired by the success of ensemble methods in machine learning, we propose a strategy to reduce the variance of greedy estimates by averaging pursuits obtained from randomly subsampled dictionaries. We call this denoising procedure Blind Random Pursuit Denoising (BIRD). We offer a generalization to multidimensional signals, with a structured sparse model (S-BIRD). The relevance of this approach is demonstrated on synthetic and experimental MEG signals where, without any parameter tuning, BIRD outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms even when they are informed by the noise level. Code is available to reproduce all experiments.
description: 4 page draft submitted so SPL with supplementary material. Open source implementation available at http://manuel.moussallam.net/birdcode
Laboratory Studies on the Carbon Kinetic Isotope Effects on the Production Mechanism of Particulate Phenolic Compounds Formed by Toluene Photooxidation: A Tool to Constrain Reaction Pathways
Creators: name: Irei, Satoshi
name: Rudolph, Jochen
name: Huang, Lin
name: Auld, Janeen
name: Collin, Fabrice
name: Hastie, Donald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratios for phenolic compounds in secondary particulate organic matter (POM) formed by photooxidation of toluene were studied. Secondary POM generated by photooxidation of toluene using a continuous-flow reactor and an 8 cubic meter indoor smog chamber was collected, and then extracted with acetonitrile. Eight phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts by a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer, and their compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratios were determined by a gas chromatograph coupled with a combustion furnace followed by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The majority of the products, including methylnitrophenols and methylnitrocatechols, were isotopically depleted by 5 to 6 permil compared to the initial isotope ratio for toluene, whereas the isotope ratio for 4_nitrophenol remained the same as the initial isotope ratio for toluene. Based on the reaction mechanisms postulated in literature, stable carbon isotope ratios of these products were calculated. Comparison of the observed isotope ratios with the predicted implies that a reaction channel of methylhydroxycyclohexadienyl radical with NO2 is a possible production pathway for the particulate phenolic compounds.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables (Accepted in Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2014, http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jp5104609)
The Nature, Measurement and Pharmacological Management of Agitation in Post-Traumatic Amnesia After Traumatic Brain Injury
Creators: name: PHYLAND, RUBY KATHLEEN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Epidemiology not elsewhere classified
Psychopharmacology
Testing, assessment and psychometrics
Clinical neuropsychology
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Rehabilitation
Psychiatry (incl. psychotherapy)

description: Agitation is common in the early phase of recovery following traumatic brain injury, a period of confusion known as post-traumatic amnesia. This thesis firstly found that agitation impacts approximately one-third of patients following traumatic brain injury and is particularly common during post-traumatic amnesia and acute care. This thesis secondly divided the Agitated Behaviour Scale into two facets of agitation, Restlessness and Aggression/Lability. Finally, this thesis found that the antipsychotic olanzapine may be effective in managing agitation but also cause increased confusion in patients. These results will support the clinical management of patients following traumatic brain injury, improving patient outcomes.
CORDEX model component description
Creators: name: Diez-Sierra, Javier
name: Iturbide, Maialen
name: Gutiérrez, José M.
name: Fernández, Jesús
name: Milovac, Josipa
name: Cofiño, Antonio S.
name: Cimadevilla, Ezequiel
name: Nikulin, Grigory
name: Levavasseur, Guillaume
name: Kjellström, Erik
name: Bülow, Katharina
name: Horányi, András
name: Brookshaw, Anca
name: García-Díez, Markel
name: Pérez, Antonio
name: Baño-Medina, Jorge
name: Ahrens, Bodo
name: Alias, Antoinette
name: Ashfaq, Moetasim
name: Bukovsky, Melissa
name: Buonomo, Erasmo
name: Cabos, William D.
name: Caluwaerts, Steven
name: Chou, Sin Chan
name: Christensen, Ole B.
name: Ciarlò, James M.
name: Coppola, Erika
name: Corre, Lola
name: Demory, Marie-Estelle
name: Djurdjevic, Vladimir
name: Evans, Jason P.
name: Fealy, Rowan
name: Feldmann, Hendrik
name: Jacob, Daniela
name: Jayanarayanan, Sanjay
name: Katzfey, Jack
name: Keuler, Klaus
name: Kittel, Christoph
name: Kurnaz, M. Levent
name: Laprise, René
name: Lionello, Piero
name: McGinnis, Seth
name: Mercogliano, Paola
name: Nabat, Pierre
name: Önol, Barış
name: Ozturk, Tugba
name: Panitz, Hans-Jürgen
name: Paquin, Dominique
name: Pieczka, Ildikó
name: Raffaele, Francesca
name: Remedio, Armelle Reca
name: Scinocca, John
name: Sevault, Florence
name: Somot, Samuel
name: Steger, Christian
name: Tangang, Fredolin
name: Teichmann, Claas
name: Termonia, Piet
name: Thatcher, Marcus
name: Torma, Csaba
name: van Meijgaard, Erik
name: Vautard, Robert
name: Warrach-Sagi, Kirsten
name: Winger, Katja
name: Zittis, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: CORDEX
Regional climate model
Metadata

description: This document consists of a summary of the components of the models contributing future regional climate change simulations to the Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX, http://cordex.org) initiative (Table 1), the institutions and contacts for the simulations (Table 2), and references for all components. Version 1.0 (2021-01-31) of this resource contributed to the IPCC AR6 WGI report (IPCC 2021: AnnexII), see version history. This information has been gathered from the modelling groups initially by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), aligned with the deadlines and activities of IPCC AR6. The full list of institutions and model names officially registered for CORDEX, including the Terms of Use for the corresponding data, is available at https://is-enes-data.github.io. This resource (as of version 2.1) is described and discussed in the journal publication: Diez-Sierra et al. (2022) The worldwide C3S CORDEX grand ensemble: A major contribution to assess regional climate change in the IPCC AR6 Atlas. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0111.1
Coherent radio bursts from known M-dwarf planet host YZ Ceti
Creators: name: Pineda, J. Sebastian
name: Villadsen, Jackie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observing magnetic star-planet interactions (SPI) offers promise for determining magnetic fields of exoplanets. Models of sub-Alfvénic SPI predict that terrestrial planets in close-in orbits around M~dwarfs can induce detectable stellar radio emission, manifesting as bursts of strongly polarized coherent radiation observable at specific planet orbital positions. We present 2-4 GHz detections of coherent radio bursts on the slowly-rotating M dwarf YZ Ceti, which hosts a compact system of terrestrial planets, the innermost orbiting with a 2-day period. Two coherent bursts occur at similar orbital phases of YZ Cet b, suggestive of an enhanced probability of bursts near that orbital phase. We model the system's magnetospheric environment in the context of sub-Alfvénic SPI and determine that YZ Ceti b can plausibly power the observed flux densities of the radio detections. However, we cannot rule out stellar magnetic activity, without a well characterized rate of non-planet-induced coherent radio bursts on slow rotators. YZ Ceti is therefore a candidate radio SPI system, with unique promise as a target for the long-term monitoring.
description: Authors' version of article published in Nature Astronomy, see their website for official version of scientific record
CORDEX model component description
Creators: name: Diez-Sierra, Javier
name: Iturbide, Maialen
name: Gutiérrez, José M.
name: Fernández, Jesús
name: Milovac, Josipa
name: Cofiño, Antonio S.
name: Cimadevilla, Ezequiel
name: Nikulin, Grigory
name: Levavasseur, Guillaume
name: Kjellström, Erik
name: Bülow, Katharina
name: Horányi, András
name: Brookshaw, Anca
name: García-Díez, Markel
name: Pérez, Antonio
name: Baño-Medina, Jorge
name: Ahrens, Bodo
name: Alias, Antoinette
name: Ashfaq, Moetasim
name: Bukovsky, Melissa
name: Buonomo, Erasmo
name: Caluwaerts, Steven
name: Chou, Sin Chan
name: Christensen, Ole B.
name: Ciarlò, James M.
name: Coppola, Erika
name: Corre, Lola
name: Demory, Marie-Estelle
name: Djurdjevic, Vladimir
name: Evans, Jason P.
name: Fealy, Rowan
name: Feldmann, Hendrik
name: Jacob, Daniela
name: Jayanarayanan, Sanjay
name: Katzfey, Jack
name: Keuler, Klaus
name: Kittel, Christoph
name: Kurnaz, M. Levent
name: Laprise, René
name: Lionello, Piero
name: McGinnis, Seth
name: Mercogliano, Paola
name: Nabat, Pierre
name: Önol, Barış
name: Ozturk, Tugba
name: Panitz, Hans-Jürgen
name: Paquin, Dominique
name: Pieczka, Ildikó
name: Raffaele, Francesca
name: Remedio, Armelle Reca
name: Scinocca, John
name: Sevault, Florence
name: Somot, Samuel
name: Steger, Christian
name: Tangang, Fredolin
name: Teichmann, Claas
name: Termonia, Piet
name: Thatcher, Marcus
name: Torma, Csaba
name: van Meijgaard, Erik
name: Vautard, Robert
name: Warrach-Sagi, Kirsten
name: Winger, Katja
name: Zittis, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: CORDEX
Regional climate model
Metadata

description: This document consists of a summary of the components of the models contributing future regional climate change simulations to the CORDEX initiative (Table S1), the institutions and contacts for the simulations (Table S2), and references for all components. Version 1.0 (2021-01-31) of this resource contributed to the IPCC AR6 WGI report (IPCC 2021: AnnexII), see version history.