cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analyse und Visualisierung von Netzwerken mit Gephi
Creators: name: Elwert, Frederik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: NFDI4Memory
Von Büchern zu Bytes
B2B
Forschungsdatenmanagement
FDM
RDM
Netzwerkanalyse
Gephi

description: Ein metaphorischer Gebrauch von Netzwerk-Konzepten wie „Netzwerke“, „Verflechtungen“, „Knotenpunkte“ und ähnliche spielen in den Kultur- und Geisteswissenschaften seit längerem eine Rolle. Das Feld der Historischen Netzwerkforschung beschäftigt sich dem gegenüber damit, wie sich diese Konzepte formalisieren und so der Netzwerkanalyse zugänglich machen lassen. Die Netzwerkanalyse im formalen Sinne ist ein disziplinenübergreifender Methodenansatz, der auf einem Grundmodell von Entitäten (Knoten) und ihren Beziehungen (Kanten) basiert. Entitäten in diesem Sinne können Personen sein, aber auch Organisationen, Orte oder sogar abstrakte Konzepte. Die Kanten zwischen ihnen ergeben sich aus der jeweiligen Fragestellung und sind in der Regel Ergebnis eines Operationalisierungsprozesses. Als Beziehungen können etwa dokumentierte Akte wie Korrespondenzen oder Zitationen verstanden werden, aber auch gemeinsame Mitgliedschaften oder räumliche Nähe. Auf dieser Grundlage können auf mathematischem Wege Informationen über Netzwerkeigenschaften, Gruppen innerhalb des Netzwerkes sowie die strukturelle Position einzelner Entitäten erlangt werden. Darüber hinaus lassen sich die Netzwerke und ihre Eigenschaften ansprechend visualisieren und ermöglichen so eher explorative Zugänge. Dieser Vortrag führt in die Grundzüge der formalen Netzwerkanalyse anhand des Programms Gephi ein.
description: From Books to Bytes: The Digital Transformation in Historical Studies - Learning, Teaching, and Research in the Age of Digitization.

The professional handling of data is a virulent topic across the boundaries of all disciplines. NFDI4Memory addresses this in order to (further) develop data literacy in the historical sciences and subjects working in history and to support the community in mastering the digital turn.

The event series "From Books to Bytes" started in October 2023 and regularly presents current topics and relevant fields of application in research and teaching with experts, researchers and teachers. It is designed in such a way that after short thematic introductions, participants will have the opportunity to independently engage with the presented content in hands-on sessions.

The event series was made possible by funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG) - project number 501609550.
Cyber Counterintelligence: Assets, Audiences, and the Rise of Disinformation
Creators: name: O'Connor, CJ
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2022

description: In April 2021, Facebook suffered yet another data breach that affected hundreds of millions of accounts. The private information of over 500 million people had been stolen by hackers - names, phone numbers, email addresses, locations and more. The cache is potentially valuable to a host of malicious actors, from criminals motivated by financial gain to hostile foreign actors microtargeting voters through information operations. It follows an evolution of threats in cyberspace targeting government agencies, utilities, businesses, and electoral systems. With a focus on state-based actors, this thesis considers how state threat perception of cyberspace has developed, and if that perception is influencing the evolution of cyber counterintelligence (CCI) as a response to cyber-enabled threats such as disinformation. Specifically, this thesis traces the threat elevation of cyberspace through the evolution of the published national security documentation of the United Kingdom, asking how threat elevation corresponds to the development of CCI, if at all, and what sort of responses these processes generate to combat the rising threat of disinformation campaigns conducted against liberal democracies. Democratic audiences are a target of influence and information operations, and, as such, are an intelligence and security vulnerability for the state. More so than in previous decades, to increase national resilience and security in cyberspace, the individual, as part of the democratic audience, is required to contribute to personal counterintelligence and security practices. This research shows that while assets and infrastructure have undergone successful threat elevation processes, democratic audiences have been insufficiently recognised as security vulnerabilities and are susceptible to cyber-enabled disinformation.
Incidencia de la formación posgradual de los docentes de básica secundaria y media de la Secretaría de Educación de Bogotá en los resultados de las Pruebas Saber 11 durante el periodo 2015-2022
Creators: name: Galán Rincón, Jhon Jairo
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Evaluación académica - Metodología
subject: Personal docente - Aspectos sociales
subject: Pedagogía - Enseñanza
subject: Incidencia
subject: Educación
subject: Evaluación
subject: Aprendizaje
subject: Resultados

description: Este estudio se enfocó en analizar la incidencia de los estudios de posgrado realizados por 3298 docentes de la Secretaría de Educación de Bogotá (SED) en las pruebas Saber 11, entre los años 2015 y 2022. Se utilizaron dos recursos principales: bases de datos proporcionadas por la SED y el Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación (ICFES). La investigación empleó un análisis estadístico descriptivo para caracterizar la formación de los docentes, la cantidad y el campo de conocimiento de los programas de posgrado en los que se inscribieron. Además, se llevó a cabo un análisis de correlación entre el número de docentes vinculados a los fondos de formación avanzada y los resultados de las pruebas Saber 11. A partir de los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación, así como del análisis, las conclusiones y recomendaciones tomadas de la misma, se busca establecer acciones de mejora en los programas de crédito condonables. A futuro, estos brindarán formación avanzada a los docentes de la SED, y en un sentido directo establecerán las condiciones para que los estudiantes de Bogotá mejoren los resultados de aprendizaje.
description: This study focused on analyzing the incidence of postgraduate studies undertaken by 3298 teachers from the Education Secretariat of Bogotá (SED) on the Saber 11 exams, between the years 2015 and 2022. Two main resources were used: databases provided by the SED and the Colombian Institute for the Evaluation of Education (ICFES). The research employed descriptive statistical analysis to characterize teachers’ education, the quantity, and the field of knowledge of the postgraduate programs in which they enrolled. In addition, a correlation analysis was conducted between the number of teachers linked to advanced training funds and the results of the Saber 11 exams. Based on the results obtained in this research as well as the analysis, conclusions, and recommendations, the aim is to establish improvement actions in the forgivable credit programs. In the future, these programs will provide advanced training to SED teachers, and directly these actions will set conditions for students in Bogotá to enhance their learning outcomes.
Evaluación de un sistema de evaluación de aprendizajes escolares : caso IED Colegio Andrés Bello
Creators: name: Álvarez Tascón, Leydi Isabel
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Evaluación académica - Metodología
subject: Pedagogía - Enseñanza
subject: Administración escolar - Educación
subject: Metaevaluación
subject: SIEE
subject: Evaluación de programas
subject: Eficacia
subject: Eficiencia

description: Esta investigación corresponde a la elaboración de una metaevaluación a un sistema de evaluación de los aprendizajes (SIEE) de una institución educativa distrital de la ciudad de Bogotá, que tiene por objetivo evaluar la eficacia y eficiencia del sistema, por ende. La metodología que se desarrolló fue mediante un método mixto que implico un análisis documental, la aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas a profesores y directivas del colegio y la revisión de resultados de prueba externas. Al final se elaboraron las recomendaciones necesarias para mejorar la evaluación de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes y así contribuir a la calidad de la educación institucional.
description: This research corresponds to the elaboration of a meta-evaluation of a learning evaluation system (SIEE) of a district educational institution in the city of Bogotá, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the system. therefore. The methodology that was developed was through a mixed method that involved a documentary analysis, the application of surveys and interviews to teachers and school directors and the review of external test results. In the end, the necessary recommendations were made to improve the assessment of student learning and thus contribute to the quality of institutional education.
Real world duration of curative intent breast, colorectal, non-small cell lung, and prostate cancer treatment
Creators: name: Wong, Selina K.
name: Hamm, Jeremy
name: Shokoohi, Aria
name: McGahan, Colleen E.
name: Ho, Cheryl
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background: Advances in curative treatment for breast, colorectal, NSCLC and prostate cancer have led to improvements in cancer survival. Cancer treatment and recovery time can vary depending on the recommended modalities and intensity of therapy. Our objective was to determine the current real world duration of curative treatments for the four common cancers. Methods: A retrospective review was completed of patients referred to BC Cancer from 2010 to 2016, ≤ 65 years old, newly diagnosed with stage I-III breast, colorectal, NSCLC or prostate cancer who received curative intent treatment. Information was collected on baseline characteristics, date of diagnosis, surgery, type, duration and intent of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Results: In total, 22,275 patients were included: 55.7% breast, 22.4% colorectal, 9.2% NSCLC, 12.7% prostate cancer. Stage I/II/III at diagnosis: breast 47.2/38.7/14.1%, colorectal 26.5/30.1/43.5%, NSCLC 46.5/18.1/35.4%, prostate 7.7/62.9/29.4%. Patients treated with definitive surgery only: breast 35.9%, colorectal 58%, NSCLC 52.2%, prostate 40.1%. The median duration of multimodality treatment was breast 24.6 weeks, colorectal 26.7 weeks, NSCLC 9.1 weeks, and prostate 6.0 weeks. Conclusions: Approximately half of patients who undergo curative cancer treatment require definitive radiotherapy or multimodality treatment. The median duration of therapy for the most commonly treated cancers ranged from 6.0–26.7 weeks. Multimodality curative treatment can be prolonged for selected cancers when accounting for the duration of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy and recovery time between modalities.
Resultados de las prácticas formativas en Psicología en el desarrollo de competencias transversales de los estudiantes de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda sede Bogotá del periodo 2023
Creators: name: Romero Bosa, Maribel
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evaluación académica - Metodología
subject: Competencia en educación - Enseñanza
subject: Pedagogía - Enseñanza
subject: Competencias transversales
subject: Investigación evaluativa
subject: Prácticas profesionales

description: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los resultados de las prácticas formativas en el desarrollo de competencias transversales de los practicantes del periodo 2023. Se realizó una investigación evaluativa descriptiva de carácter cualitativo. Para ello, se elaboraron 2 cuestionarios acerca de la percepción de los estudiantes sobre las prácticas y de la percepción del desempeño de los estudiantes por parte de los tutores de los escenarios de práctica. Así como 2 protocolos de entrevistas semiestructuradas dirigidos a administrativos y monitores/supervisores. Para el análisis se utilizó el SPSS 23 para la descripción cuantitativa de los datos y el software NVivo 14 para la codificación, análisis textual y la triangulación hermenéutica de los datos y el modelo de evaluación CIPP de Stufflebeam y Shinkfield (1987). Como resultados, se encuentra que la relación docente-estudiante tanto en el acompañamiento emocional y académico contribuye a la consolidación de competencias transversales. Además, se encuentra la necesidad de contar con instrumentos de evaluación con criterios de evaluación coherentes con los resultados de aprendizaje del programa, lo que permite hacer un seguimiento del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje bajo estándares de calidad.
description: The objective of this study is to evaluate the results of the formative practices respect to development transversal competences in practicioners in the 2023 time period. Descriptive evaluative research was made based on qualitative analysis. For this investigation two questionnaries were elaborated refering to the student perception about the practices and the supervisor perception about the student performance in the practices places. Also two guides of semi-structured interviews aimed towards faculty staff and practices professors. Data analysis SPSS 23 was used for the quantitative data and the NVivo 14 software for the coding and textual analysis and hermeneutical triangulation. The Stufflebeam and Shinkfield (1987) CIPP evaluation model was also used to program evaluation. As results the professor-student relation regarding both emotional and academic acompanying enhances the consolidation of transversal competences. Aditionally the need for coherent evaluation instruments respect to the program learning results is found, making a quality standards teaching-learning process tracing possible.
Noninvasive acute compartment syndrome diagnosis using random forest machine learning
Creators: name: Abu Hweij, Zaina
name: Liang, Florence
name: Zhang, Sophie
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Orthopedics
subject: Compartment Syndromes
subject: Random Forest
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Muscles
subject: Musculoskeletal System
subject: flexible pressure sensors
subject: noninvasive diagnostic

description: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is an orthopedic emergency caused by elevated pressure within a muscle compartment that can lead to permanent tissue damage and death. Current ACS diagnosis relies heavily on patient-reported symptoms, a method that is subjective and often followed by invasive intracompartmental pressure measurements that can be faulty in motion settings. Reliable motion diagnosis is critical for long-term monitoring that involves limb movement. This study proposes an objective and noninvasive diagnostic for ACS. Our device utilizes a random forest machine learning model that uses analog readings from force-sensitive resistors (FSRs) placed on the skin. To validate the machine learning diagnostic model, a data set containing FSR measurements and the corresponding simulated pressure was created for motion and motionless scenarios. Our diagnostic achieved up to 98% accuracy and excelled in key performance metrics, including sensitivity (97%) and specificity (98%), with a statistically insignificant (±5% error bars) performance difference in motion present cases. These results demonstrate the potential of noninvasive ACS diagnostics to meet clinical accuracy standards in real world scenarios.
Conflict resolution in bonobos: Flexible emotion signalling following aggression
Creators: name: Heesen, Raphaela
name: Austry, Diane
name: Upton, Zoe
name: Clay, Zanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Contains video and audio files demonstrating communication in bonobo conflicts, as well as the data and R code supporting the article to be published in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
title: Η μοντέρνα μεσοπολεμική εικονογραφία της ευρύτερης περιοχής της πλατείας Βάθη
title: The modern interwar iconography in wider area of Vathi square
Creators: name: Σαμαρας Ευαγγελος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2022

description:    Η Βάθη αποτελεί σημαντικό τμήμα του μεσοπολεμικού ιστού των Αθηνών, διαθέτοντας μεγάλο αριθμό κτιρίων, τα οποία κατέχουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην εικονογραφία της. Kαταδεικνύουν το αστικό παρελθόν της περιοχής και το βαρυσήμαντο ρόλο της στην ελληνική πρωτεύουσα. Η εγκατάσταση των ανωτέρων οικονομικά στρωμάτων στις κεντρικές περιοχές προσέλκυσε και τα ευρύτερα μεσαία στρώματα, των οποίων οι κατοικίες αποτελούν ένα αξιόλογο απόθεμα παρά τις σημερινές αλλοιώσεις.
   Η εργασία στοχεύει στην καταγραφή, τεκμηρίωση και διερεύνηση του αρχιτεκτονικού αποτυπώματος του μεσοπολεμικού μοντερνισμού στην εικονογραφία της ευρύτερης περιοχής της πλατείας Βάθη, ενώ  παράλληλα θα επιχειρηθεί η συγκρότηση ενός δικτύου μοντέρνων μεσοαστικών κατοικιών στην περιοχή. Αντικείμενο της εργασίας αποτελούν 27 μοντέρνες μεσοπολεμικές κατοικίες που εντοπίστηκαν στις οδούς: Φυλής, Μακεδονίας, Αβέρωφ-Σουρμελή, Μάγερ, Μαιζώνος, Καποδιστρίου, Σωκράτους και Σατωβριάνδου.
   Η έρευνα θα αποσαφηνίσει το βαθμό επιρροής των κατοικιών στις συνολικές όψεις των δρόμων και αν συνιστούν θύλακα στην περιοχή, ενώ ταυτόχρονα θα εξεταστούν τυχόν μορφολογικές διαφοροποιήσεις μεταξύ τους. Ο παλαιός λαϊκός χαρακτήρας της Βάθη δεν υφίσταται πλέον και η περιοχή ανάγεται σε συγκοινωνιακό κόμβο και είσοδο για την Αθήνα. Οι σημερινές συνθήκες που επικρατούν επηρεάζουν την περιοχή, αλλά μέσα από την ανάλυση θα προκύψει αν τα μοντέρνα μεσοπολεμικά κτίρια είναι ανθεκτικά σε αυτές.
The Evolutionary Relationship Between Microbial Abundance and Development Rate of Drosophila Melanogaster Populations
Creators: name: Thien, Kathy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Drosophila melanogaster
evolution
microbiome
life history
development
microbial abundance

description: Understanding the processes that underlie adaptive evolution has implications for medicine, agriculture, and conservation. Laboratory experimental evolution is an effective tool for studying adaptive evolution, but laboratory selection on animal traits may affect and be affected by the animal’s microbiota. For example, Drosophila melanogaster populations that become divergent in their development rate through laboratory selection also become divergent in their ability to harbor specific microbes. Specifically, fast-developing populations harbor a high abundance of acetic acid bacteria. The goal of this study is to determine which trait evolves first when D. melanogaster populations undergo selection for fast development. We also aim to determine whether supplementation with acetic acid bacteria can relieve selection pressure on the host and slow down the genetic response to selection for fast development. To test these hypotheses, we applied laboratory selection to create divergence in age-of-first-reproduction under conventional and acetic-acid supplemented; we measured development time and bacterial abundance after every generation of selection. Preliminary data suggest that in conventional conditions, selection for fast development results first in fast development and then in the ability to control their microbiota. We expect that supplementation with acetic acid bacteria will slow the evolution of fast development and expedite the evolution of the control of microbiota.
Emotions and sanctions in EU-China and EU-North Korea policies
Creators: name: Novotna, Tereza
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Emotions
subject: EU foreign policy
subject: EU-China relations
subject: North Korea
subject: sanctions
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: This article examines the emotions-policy nexus within the EU’s foreign policy, specifically focusing on the EU’s human rights sanctions against China and North Korea. By embedding the discussion within an extended framework of analysis that underscores the emotional dimensions of the EU’s foreign policy, the article scrutinizes how policy decisions, unfolding through a series of actions, reactions and third-party responses, shape, and are shaped by, emotional chains via its enabling and constraining mechanisms. While the case study of China illustrates the two mechanisms via exploring the EU-China investment negotiations, human rights sanctions as well as China’s retaliatory measures and the EU’s response, the case of North Korea, using the same sanctions, shows a divergent policy response and absence of emotions albeit within a similar rhetoric. The conclusion ponders over the efficacy of sanctions policies, suggesting that the integration of emotional awareness into policy-making can foster a more holistic approach in international politics.
The polyphyletic Caucasus-centred Campanula subg. Scapiflorae (Campanulaceae) revisited with a newly circumscribed C. sect. Tridentatae for its core clade
Creators: name: Silakadze, Nana
name: Mosulishvili, Marine
name: Borsch, Thomas
name: Kilian, Norbert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Bellflower family
subject: Caucasus range
subject: molecular phylogenetics
subject: taxonomy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Campanula L. is among the genera with the highest number of endemics in the Caucasus ecoregion. A group of attractive alpine and subalpine perennial rosette plants with short single-flowered stems centred in the Caucasus has been treated as Campanula subg. Scapiflorae or at other ranks, with considerably varying circumscription and classification. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of three plastid DNA regions (trnK/matK, petD, rpl16) of a strongly extended sampling, comprising 23 of the 27 commonly accepted taxa (85%) with 330 accessions built on and guided by the results of our previous study of the group, confirmed the polyphyly of C. subg. Scapiflorae in any of its circumscriptions. The core clade of the group comprises exclusively endemics and near-endemics of the Caucasus and is treated here as C. sect. Tridentatae in a revised circumscription. The phylogenetic relationships of the disparate other elements of the Scapiflorae group are outlined.
Two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection in cemented total hip arthroplasty: an increased risk for failure?
Creators: name: Hipfl, Christian
name: Leopold, Vincent
name: Becker, Luis
name: Pumberger, Matthias
name: Perka, Carsten
name: Hardt, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Periprosthetic infection
subject: Revision total hip arthroplasty
subject: Two-stage revision
subject: Fixation
subject: Cemented
subject: Cementless
subject: Reinfection
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The impact of the prior fixation mode on the treatment outcome of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip is unclear. Removal of cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) is particularly challenging and residual cement might be associated with reinfection. This study seeks to compare the results of two-stage revision for PJI in cemented and cementless THA. Methods: We reviewed 143 consecutive patients undergoing two-stage revision THA for PJI between 2013 and 2018. Thirty-six patients with a fully cemented (n = 6), hybrid femur (n = 26) or hybrid acetabulum (n = 4) THA (cemented group) were matched 1:2 with a cohort of 72 patients who underwent removal of a cementless THA (cementless group). Groups were matched by sex, age, number of prior surgeries and history of infection treatment. Outcomes included microbiological results, interim re-debridement, reinfection, all-cause revision, and modified Harris hip scores (mHHS). Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Results: Compared with PJI in cementless THA, patients undergoing removal of cemented THA had increasingly severe femoral bone loss (p = 0.004). Patients in the cemented group had an increased risk for positive cultures during second-stage reimplantation (22% compared to 8%, p = 0.043), higher rates of reinfection (22% compared to 7%, p = 0.021) and all-cause revision (31% compared to 14%, p = 0.039) compared to patients undergoing two-stage revision of cementless THA. Periprosthetic femoral fractures were more frequent in the group of patients with prior cementation (p = .004). Mean mHHS had been 37.5 in the cemented group and 39.1 in the cementless group, and these scores improved significantly in both groups (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study shows that chronic infection in cemented THA might be associated with increased bone loss, higher rates of reinfection and all-cause revision following two-stage revision. This should be useful to clinicians counselling patients with hip PJI and can guide treatment and estimated outcomes.
Insights from the past: the work of Hans von Alten on the evolution of brain structure, ecological adaptation, and cognition in hymenopteran species
Creators: name: Menzel, Randolf
name: Rybak, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: hymenopteran species
subject: brain structure
subject: ecological adaptation
subject: cognition
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: In his treatise on arthropod brains, Hans von Alten (1910) focuses on a specific functional group of insects—the flying Hymenoptera—which exhibit a spectrum of lifestyles ranging from solitary to social. His work presents a distinctive comparative neuro-anatomical approach rooted in an eco-evolutionary and eco-behavioral background. We regard his publication as an exceptionally valuable source of information and seek to inspire the research community dedicated to the study of the insect brain to explore its insights further, even after more than 110 years. We have translated and annotated his work, expecting it to engage researchers not just with its remarkable drawings but also with its substantive content and exemplary research strategy. The present text is designed to complement von Alten's publication, situating it within the temporal context of nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century studies, and to draw connections to contemporary perspectives, especially concerning a central brain structure: the mushroom body.
Learning Quantum Processes and Hamiltonians via the Pauli Transfer Matrix
Creators: name: Caro, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum channel learning
subject: Hamiltonian learning
subject: shadow tomography
subject: quantum advantage
subject: sample complexity upper bounds
subject: query complexity lower bounds
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Learning about physical systems from quantum-enhanced experiments can outperform learning from experiments in which only classical memory and processing are available. Whereas quantum advantages have been established for state learning, quantum process learning is less understood. We establish an exponential quantum advantage for learning an unknown n-qubit quantum process . We show that a quantum memory allows to efficiently solve the following tasks: (a) learning the Pauli transfer matrix (PTM) of an arbitrary , (b) predicting expectation values of Pauli-sparse observables measured on the output of an arbitrary upon input of a Pauli-sparse state, and (c) predicting expectation values of arbitrary observables measured on the output of an unknown with sparse PTM upon input of an arbitrary state. With quantum memory, these tasks can be solved using linearly-in-n many copies of the Choi state of . In contrast, any learner without quantum memory requires exponentially-in-n many queries, even when using adaptively designed experiments. In proving this separation, we extend existing shadow tomography bounds from states to channels. Moreover, we combine PTM learning with polynomial interpolation to learn arbitrary Hamiltonians from short-time dynamics. Our results highlight the power of quantum-enhanced experiments for learning highly complex quantum dynamics.
Assessment of multiple mycotoxin exposure and its association with food consumption: a human biomonitoring study in a pregnant cohort in rural Bangladesh
Creators: name: Kyei, Nicholas N. A.
name: Cramer, Benedikt
name: Humpf, Hans-Ulrich
name: Degen, Gisela H.
name: Ali, Nurshad
name: Gabrysch, Sabine
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mycotoxins
subject: Human biomonitoring
subject: Exposure assessment
subject: Pregnant women
subject: Risk assessment
subject: Rural areas
subject: Urine
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin (CIT), fumonisin B-1 (FB1), zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) are mycotoxins that may contaminate diets, especially in low-income settings, with potentially severe health consequences. This study investigates the exposure of 439 pregnant women in rural Bangladesh to 35 mycotoxins and their corresponding health risks and links their exposure to certain foods and local stimulants. Overall, 447 first-morning urine samples were collected from pregnant women between July 2018 and November 2019. Mycotoxin biomarkers were quantified by DaS-HPLC-MS/MS. Urinary concentration of frequently occurring mycotoxins was used to estimate dietary mycotoxin exposure. Median regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between the consumption of certain foods and local stimulants, and urinary concentration of frequently occurring mycotoxins. Only in 17 of 447 urine samples (4%) were none of the investigated mycotoxins detected. Biomarkers for six major mycotoxins (AFs, CIT, DON, FB1, OTA, and ZEN) were detected in the urine samples. OTA (95%), CIT (61%), and DON (6%) were most frequently detected, with multiple mycotoxins co-occurring in 281/447 (63%) of urine samples. Under the lowest exposure scenario, dietary exposure to OTA, CIT, and DON was of public health concern in 95%, 16%, and 1% of the pregnant women, respectively. Consumption of specific foods and local stimulants-betel nut, betel leaf, and chewing tobacco-were associated with OTA, CIT, and DON urine levels. In conclusion, exposure to multiple mycotoxins during early pregnancy is widespread in this rural community and represents a potential health risk for mothers and their offspring.
On the role of mechanical signals on sprouting angiogenesis through computer modeling approaches
Creators: name: Abdalrahman, Tamer
name: Checa, Sara
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Angiogenesis
subject: Mechanics
subject: Mechanobiology
subject: Computational
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Sprouting angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels from preexisting vasculature, is an essential process in the regeneration of new tissues as well as in the development of some diseases like cancer. Although early studies identified chemical signaling as the main driver of this process, many recent studies have shown a strong role of mechanical signals in the formation of new capillaries. Different types of mechanical signals (e.g., external forces, cell traction forces, and blood flow-induced shear forces) have been shown to play distinct roles in the process; however, their interplay remains still largely unknown. During the last decades, mathematical and computational modeling approaches have been developed to investigate and better understand the mechanisms behind mechanically driven angiogenesis. In this manuscript, we review computational models of angiogenesis with a focus on models investigating the role of mechanics on the process. Our aim is not to provide a detailed review on model methodology but to describe what we have learnt from these models. We classify models according to the mechanical signals being investigated and describe how models have looked into their role on the angiogenic process. We show that a better understanding of the mechanobiology of the angiogenic process will require the development of computer models that incorporate the interactions between the multiple mechanical signals and their effect on cellular responses, since they all seem to play a key in sprout patterning. In the end, we describe some of the remaining challenges of computational modeling of angiogenesis and discuss potential avenues for future research.
Data-related concepts for artificial intelligence education in K-12
Creators: name: Olari, Viktoriya
name: Romeike, Ralf
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence education
subject: Computer Science education
subject: K-12
subject: Data
subject: Data lifecycle
subject: Key concepts
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: Due to advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), computer science education has rapidly started to include topics related to AI along K-12 education. Although this development is timely and important, it is also concerning because the elaboration of the AI field for K-12 is still ongoing. Current efforts may significantly underestimate the role of data, the fundamental component of an AI system. If the goal is to enable students to understand how AI systems work, knowledge of key concepts related to data processing is a prerequisite, as data collection, preparation, and engineering are closely linked to the functionality of AI systems. To advance the field, the following research provides a comprehensive collection of key data-related concepts relevant to K-12 computer science education. These concepts were identified through a theoretical review of the AI field, aligned through a review of AI curricula for school education, evaluated through interviews with domain experts and teachers, and structured hierarchically according to the data lifecycle. Computer science educators can use the elaborated structure as a conceptual guide for designing learning arrangements that aim to enable students to understand how AI systems are created and function.
RAQAMLASHTIRISH SHAROITIDA DAVLAT BUDJETI DAROMADLARINI BARQARORLASHTIRISHDA SOLIQ SIYOSATINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH YO'LLARI ISHLAB CHIQISH
Creators: name: Xamidov, Shukrullo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Raqamlashtirish jarayonlari zamonaviy iqtisodiyotni boshqarishning muhim omiliga aylanmoqda. Ayniqsa, davlat budjeti daromadlarini barqarorlashtirishda raqamli texnologiyalarni qo‘llash soliq siyosatini yanada takomillashtirish uchun yangi imkoniyatlar yaratmoqda. Ushbu tezisda soliq siyosatini takomillashtirishda raqamlashtirishning o‘rni, fiskal intizomni mustahkamlash, soliq to‘lovchilarni ro‘yxatga olish va nazorat qilishning elektron tizimlari orqali davlat daromadlarini barqarorlashtirishga xizmat qiluvchi mexanizmlar tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, xalqaro tajribalar asosida O‘zbekistonda soliq siyosatini raqamli yondashuvlar asosida takomillashtirish yo‘llari tavsiya qilinadi. Mazkur tadqiqot davlat moliyaviy barqarorligini ta'minlashga hissa qo‘shadi.
Having a concept has a cost
Creators: name: Deigan, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Concepts
subject: Epistemology
subject: Epistemic empathy
subject: Understanding
subject: Abilities
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::100 Philosophie::102 Verschiedenes

description: Having a concept usually has some epistemic benefits. It might give one means to knowing certain facts, for example. This paper explores the possibility that having a concept can have an epistemic cost. I argue that it typically does, even putting aside our contingent limitations, assuming that there is epistemic value in understanding others from their own perspectives.
IL-4Rα blockade reduces influenza-associated morbidity in a murine model of allergic asthma
Creators: name: Shahangian, Kimia
name: Ngan, David A.
name: Chen, H. H. Rachel
name: Oh, Yeni
name: Tam, Anthony
name: Wen, Jing
name: Cheung, Chung
name: Knight, Darryl
name: Dorscheid, Delbert R.
name: Hackett, Tillie-Louise
name: Hughes, Michael R.
name: McNagny, Kelly M.
name: Hirota, Jeremy A.
name: Niikura, Masahiro
name: Man, S. F. P.
name: Sin, Don
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background: Asthma was identified as the most common comorbidity in hospitalized patients during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. We determined using a murine model of allergic asthma whether these mice experienced increased morbidity from pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) viral infection and whether blockade of interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα), a critical mediator of Th2 signalling, improved their outcomes. Methods: Male BALB/c mice were intranasally sensitized with house dust mite antigen (Der p 1) for 2 weeks; the mice were then inoculated intranasally with a single dose of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1). The mice were administered intraperitoneally anti-IL-4Rα through either a prophylactic or a therapeutic treatment strategy. Results: Infection with pH1N1 of mice sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) led to a 24% loss in weight by day 7 of infection (versus 14% in non-sensitized mice; p < .05). This was accompanied by increased viral load in the airways and a dampened anti-viral host responses to the infection. Treatment of HDM sensitized mice with a monoclonal antibody against IL-4Rα prior to or following pH1N1 infection prevented the excess weight loss, reduced the viral load in the lungs and ameliorated airway eosinophilia and systemic inflammation related to the pH1N1 infection. Conclusion: Together, these data implicate allergic asthma as a significant risk factor for H1N1-related morbidity and reveal a potential therapeutic role for IL-4Rα signalling blockade in reducing the severity of influenza infection in those with allergic airway disease.
Establish the dielectric properties of a number of wood species for a range of frequencies, temperatures and pressures
Creators: name: Daian, Georgiana
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The present research offers an assessment of a new way of approaching the dielectric properties of wood. The concept takes into consideration a probable influential factor which has never been considered and refers to the elevated pressure which develops within wood during microwave processing. In addition, in order to understand and analyse the wood dielectric properties’ dependency on the internal temperature and pressure, a custom-made device and the appropriate measuring procedure, as well as a numerical model which calculates complex dielectric permittivity of an anisotropic wood structure is presented. Initially, the fundamentals of microwave–wood interaction including polarisation mechanism, factors affecting the dielectric response of wood, microwave related characteristics of wood and its microwave heating process are examined. The importance of measuring the wood dielectric properties is also posed. Subsequently, an insight into the main aspects of the techniques used in other industries to measure the materials dielectric properties is provided. The report ends with a comparative discussion of the measurement techniques applicability. A method for measuring the dielectric permittivity of wood is then presented together with a description of the software required to extract the dielectric parameters from the measured quantities. The experimental results of the dielectric parameters of the main Australian wood species are also presented. Besides, a numerical model built to describe the 3-D wood structure is put forward. This model was introduced into an efficient solver that calculates the effective dielectric constant of any three dimensional structure of dielectric materials. The analysis of the calculated results for the permittivity and the comparison to the measured values shows a very practical qualitative and quantitative agreement between all the measured and calculated values. Finally, the importance of the research, the key results and the recommendations for further work are emphasized.
Association between a pyroelectric infrared sensor monitoring system and a 3-dimensional accelerometer to assess movement in preweaning dairy calves
Creators: name: Sonntag, Nomi
name: Borchardt, Stefan
name: Heuwieser, Wolfgang
name: Sutter, Franziska
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: preweaning dairy calves
subject: movements
subject: IMS
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: The objective of this study was to correlate movement assessed by a pyroelectric infrared sensor system in preweaning dairy calves with lying and standing time assessed by a 3D accelerometer considering the temperature-humidity index (THI). A total of 35 dairy calves (1–7 d of age) were enrolled in the study and 20 calves were included in the final analyses. The lying and standing time of the calves was monitored with a 3D accelerometer (Hobo Pendant G Data Logger, Onset Computer Corporation, USA), which was used as the gold standard reference. The infrared sensor monitoring system (IMS; Calf Monitoring System, Futuro Farming GmbH, Germany) was fixed to the fence of the calf hutch within the calf's reach. Temperature-humidity was monitored with 2 validated THI sensors inside and on outside of each calf hutch. Additionally, one THI sensor was located near the calf hutches. The observation period lasted 14 consecutive days. The average standing time assessed by the 3D accelerometer was 13.4 ± 12.7 (mean ± standard deviation) min/h and the average lying time was 46.6 (±12.7) min/h. The median (25th percentile; 75th percentile) number of movements measured by the IMS was 360 (60; 919) movements per hour. Number of movements per hour measured by the IMS was compared with data obtained with a validated 3D accelerometer. The Pearson correlation coefficient between both standing and lying time and the number of movements was r = 0.85 and r = −0.85, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients were only slightly influenced by THI (low THI [<68]: r = 0.86; medium THI [68–72]: r = 0.85; high THI [>72]: r = 0.81). Our data show that the number of movements of dairy calves measured by IMS were highly correlated with the chosen gold standard reference method. High THI slightly affects the measurement accuracy of IMS.
Current evidence of climate-driven colour change in insects and its impact on sexual signals
Creators: name: Haque, Md Tangigul
name: Khan, Md Kawsar
name: Herberstein, Marie E.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: climate change
subject: colour
subject: insects
subject: sexual selection
subject: sexual signals
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The colours of insects function in intraspecific communication such as sexual signalling, interspecific communication such as protection from predators, and in physiological processes, such as thermoregulation. The expression of melanin-based colours is temperature-dependent and thus likely to be impacted by a changing climate. However, it is unclear how climate change drives changes in body and wing colour may impact insect physiology and their interactions with conspecifics (e.g. mates) or heterospecific (e.g. predators or prey). The aim of this review is to synthesise the current knowledge of the consequences of climate-driven colour change on insects. Here, we discuss the environmental factors that affect insect colours, and then we outline the adaptive mechanisms in terms of phenotypic plasticity and microevolutionary response. Throughout we discuss the impact of climate-related colour change on insect physiology, and interactions with con-and-heterospecifics.
Performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs fed highly or low fermentable coarse or finely ground fibre-rich feedstuffs
Creators: name: Saliu, Eva-Maria
name: Holthausen, Johannes Schulze
name: Wilke, Volker
name: Zentek, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Apple pomace
subject: byproducts
subject: dietary fibre
subject: digestive system
subject: hemp
subject: piglets
subject: stomach ulcer
subject: viscosity
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Dietary fibre is mainly classified according to its chemical characteristics but structure and particle size of fibre-rich feedstuff can also be decisive for digestion and performance. So far, only few studies investigated this in pigs. This experiment aimed to compare coarse and finely ground dried hemp plants and apple pomace regarding performance and ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. Coarse or finely ground apple pomace or dried hemp plants were added to the diet of 56 nine weeks old growing pigs (DanBred x Duroc), housed in flat decks with each 2 animals. The growing pigs received the experimental diets for three weeks while performance was recorded. Eight pigs per group were sacrificed and digesta and organ tissue sampled. The stomach health was evaluated by visually scoring of the mucosa integrity. Apparent ileal (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) were calculated using titanium dioxide as marker. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). The highest feed intake (fibre particle size, p = 0.018) and bodyweight gain (fibre particle size, p = 0.018; fibre source x particle size interaction, p = 0.040), was observed in animals fed finely ground apple pomace, while the feed conversion ratio was 8–12% lower in pigs fed finely ground fibre sources (p = 0.012). No differences in stomach mucosa integrity were detected between the groups. The relative pancreas (p = 0.045), stomach (p < 0.001), and jejunum (p = 0.010) weights were higher in animals fed diets containing apple pomace. In contrast, the relative liver, caecum and colon weights were not affected by fibre source or particle size. The AID of protein and amino acids was not affected, while ATTD was increased by fibre source (hemp vs. apple pomace) reducing faecal nitrogen excretion. The AID of calcium was increased when diets contained apple pomace (p < 0.001), while zinc AID and ATTD were enhanced when diets contained dried hemp (p = 0.016; p = 0.016, respectively). Our results suggest that the structure as well as the chemical characteristics should be considered in a future fibre evaluation system in pigs.