cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Surface brightness discontinuities in radio halos. Insights from the MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey
Creators: name: Botteon, Andrea
name: Markevitch, Maxim
name: van Weeren, Reinout J.
name: Brunetti, Gianfranco
name: Shimwell, Timothy W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical motions in the ICM can imprint distinctive features on X-ray images that map the thermal emission from galaxy clusters, such as sharp surface brightness discontinuities due to shocks and cold fronts. The gas dynamics during cluster mergers may also drive large-scale turbulence in the ICM, which in turn generates extended synchrontron sources known as radio halos. Surface brightness edges have been found numerous times in the thermal gas of clusters based on X-ray observations. In contrast, edges in radio halos have only been observed in a handful of cases. Our goal is to search for new radio surface brightness discontinuities in the ICM. We inspected the images of the Bullet Cluster and the other 25 radio halos reported in the MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey. To aid the identification of surface brightness discontinuities, we applied a gradient-filtering edge-detection method to the radio images. We find that the adopted filtering technique is helpful in identifying surface brightness edges in radio images, allowing us to identify at least one gradient in half of the radio halos studied. For the Bullet Cluster, we find excellent agreement between the locations of the 4 radio discontinuities detected and the X-ray edges. This similarity informs us that there is substantial interplay between thermal and nonthermal components in galaxy clusters. This interplay is likely due to the frozen-in ICM magnetic field, which mediates the advection of cosmic rays while being dragged by thermal gas flows. We conclude that radio halos are shaped by dynamical motions in the ICM and that they often display surface brightness discontinuities, which appear to be co-located with edges in the thermal gas emission. Our results demonstrate that new and future generations of radio telescopes will provide a complementary approach to X-rays to efficiently detect shocks and cold fronts in the ICM.
description: v2: Matches accepted version in A&A (minor changes, added two new figures) corrected by language editor. Abstract abridged to meet arXiv requirements
Puzzles in modern biology. I. Male sterility, failure reveals design
Creators: name: Frank, Steven A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Many human males produce dysfunctional sperm. Various plants frequently abort pollen. Hybrid matings often produce sterile males. Widespread male sterility is puzzling. Natural selection prunes reproductive failure. Puzzling failure implies something that we do not understand about how organisms are designed. Solving the puzzle reveals the hidden processes of design.
2D MoS2-Graphene-based multilayer van der Waals heterostructures: Enhanced charge transfer and optical absorption, and electric-field tunable Dirac point and band gap
Creators: name: Xu, Liang
name: Huang, Wei-Qing
name: Hu, Wangyu
name: Zhou, Bing-Xin
name: Pan, Anlian
name: Huang, Gui-Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multilayer van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures assembled by diverse atomically thin layers have demonstrated a wide range of fascinating phenomena and novel applications. Understanding the interlayer coupling and its correlation effect is paramount for designing novel vdWs heterostructures with desirable physical properties. Using a detailed theoretical study of 2D MoS2-graphene (GR)-based heterostructures based on state-of-the-art hybrid density functional theory, we reveal that for 2D few-layer heterostructures, vdWs forces between neighboring layers depend on the number of layers. Compared to that in bilayer, the interlayer coupling in trilayer vdW heterostructures can significantly be enhanced by stacking the third layer, directly supported by short interlayer separations and more interfacial charge transfer. The trilayer shows strong light absorption over a wide range (<700 nm), making it very potential for solar energy harvesting and conversion. Moreover, the Dirac point of GR and band gaps of each layer and trilayer can be readily tuned by external electric field, verifying multilayer vdWs heterostructures with unqiue optoelectronic properties found by experiments. These results suggest that tuning the vdWs interaction, as a new design parameter, would be an effective strategy for devising particular 2D multilayer vdWs heterostructures to meet the demands in various applications.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, 8 Supporting figures
Vehicle Routing Problems for Drone Delivery
Creators: name: Dorling, Kevin
name: Heinrichs, Jordan
name: Messier, Geoffrey G.
name: Magierowski, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, have the potential to significantly reduce the cost and time of making last-mile deliveries and responding to emergencies. Despite this potential, little work has gone into developing vehicle routing problems (VRPs) specifically for drone delivery scenarios. Existing VRPs are insufficient for planning drone deliveries: either multiple trips to the depot are not permitted, leading to solutions with excess drones, or the effect of battery and payload weight on energy consumption is not considered, leading to costly or infeasible routes. We propose two multi-trip VRPs for drone delivery that address both issues. One minimizes costs subject to a delivery time limit, while the other minimizes the overall delivery time subject to a budget constraint. We mathematically derive and experimentally validate an energy consumption model for multirotor drones, demonstrating that energy consumption varies approximately linearly with payload and battery weight. We use this approximation to derive mixed integer linear programs for our VRPs. We propose a cost function that considers our energy consumption model and drone reuse, and apply it in a simulated annealing (SA) heuristic for finding sub-optimal solutions to practical scenarios. To assist drone delivery practitioners with balancing cost and delivery time, the SA heuristic is used to show that the minimum cost has an inverse exponential relationship with the delivery time limit, and the minimum overall delivery time has an inverse exponential relationship with the budget. Numerical results confirm the importance of reusing drones and optimizing battery size in drone delivery VRPs.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, 6 tables, 6 algorithms. Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems
The Implementation of Community Translation by Newcomer Serving Organizations in the City of Edmonton
Creators: Logan Mahoney
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

This honors thesis examines the results of a research project that sought to discover which organizations within the city of Edmonton utilize translation and/or interpretation to provide their services. Focusing on organizations that assist newcomers, such as immigrants and refugees, this research established a series of maps that demonstrate the physical location of the organizations and a database highlighting their services. The thesis discusses the responses of participating organizations provided through surveys and interviews, providing information on challenges and successes faced in community translation and interpretation. Throughout the thesis, an examination of the research project describing what services are available and in which languages is supplemented by a discussion of survey and interview responses and scholarly articles. This examination provides a detailed representation of how and where community translation and interpretation exists within Edmonton and how it relates to the broader implementation of community translation and interpretation globally.
Modelling movement for collective adaptive systems with CARMA
Creators: name: Zoń, Natalia
name: Galpin, Vashti
name: Gilmore, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Space and movement through space play an important role in many collective adaptive systems (CAS). CAS consist of multiple components interacting to achieve some goal in a system or environment that can change over time. When these components operate in space, then their behaviour can be affected by where they are located in that space. Examples include the possibility of communication between two components located at different points, and rates of movement of a component that may be affected by location. The CARMA language and its associated software tools can be used to model such systems. In particular, a graphical editor for CARMA allows for the specification of spatial structure and generation of templates that can be used in a CARMA model with space. We demonstrate the use of this tool to experiment with a model of pedestrian movement over a network of paths.
description: In Proceedings FORECAST 2016, arXiv:1607.02001
Oxygen Point Defect Chemistry in Ruddlesden-Popper Oxides (La$_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$)$_{2}$MO$_{4{\pm}δ}$ (M = Co, Ni, Cu)
Creators: name: Xie, Wei
name: Lee, Yueh-Lin
name: Shao-Horn, Yang
name: Morgan, Dane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stability of oxygen point defects in Ruddlesden-Popper oxides (La$_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$)$_{2}$MO$_{4{\pm}δ}$ (M = Co, Ni, Cu) is studied with density functional theory calculations to determine their stable sites, charge states, and energetics as functions of Sr content ($x$), transition metal (M) and defect concentration (δ). We demonstrate that the dominant O point defects can change between oxide interstitials, peroxide interstitials, and vacancies. Generally, increasing $x$ and atomic number of M stabilizes peroxide over oxide interstitials, as well as vacancies over both peroxide and oxide interstitials; increasing δ destabilizes both oxide interstitials and vacancies, but affects little peroxide interstitials. We also demonstrate that the O 2$p$-band center is a powerful descriptor for these materials and correlates linearly with the formation energy of all the defects. The trends of formation energy versus $x$, M and δ and the correlation with O 2$p$-band center are explained in terms of oxidation chemistry and electronic structure.
description: Manuscript has 3 figures and 17 pages; Supporting Information has 4 figures, 4 tables and 19 pages
CTD2022: Graph Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition & Fast Track Finding
Creators: name: Lad, Nisha
name: Konstantinidis, Nikos
name: Emeliyanov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Particle track reconstruction is a challenging problem in modern high-energy physics detectors where existing algorithms do not scale well with a growing data stream. The development of novel methods incorporating machine learning techniques is a vibrant and ongoing area of research. In the past two years, algorithms for track pattern recognition based on graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a particularly promising technique. Previous research has included edge & node classification via training multi-layered perceptrons. Here we present a novel and unique approach to track finding utilising a GNN-based architecture in an unsupervised manner, allowing the network to learn patterns as it evolves. The development of the GNN-based framework leverages information aggregation to iteratively improve the precision of track parameters and extract compatible track candidates. To efficiently exploit a priori knowledge about charged particle dynamics, Gaussian mixture techniques and Kalman filters are embedded within the track following network. Gaussian mixtures are used to approximate the densities of track states and Kalman filtering is used as a mechanism for information propagation across the neighbourhood, as well as track extraction. The excitation/inhibition rules of individual edge connections are designed to facilitate the "simple-to-complex" approach for "hits-to-tracks" association, such that the network starts with low hit density regions of an event and gradually progresses towards more complex areas. We discuss preliminary results from the application of the GNN-based architecture on the TrackML dataset; a simulation of a LHC-inspired tracking detector. Track reconstruction efficiency and track purity metrics are also presented. This work aims at implementing a realistic GNN-based algorithm for fast track finding that can be deployed in the ATLAS detector at the LHC experiment.
Complete One-loop Renormalization-group Equations in the Seesaw Effective Field Theories
Creators: name: Wang, Yilin
name: Zhang, Di
name: Zhou, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we derive the complete set of one-loop renormalization-group equations (RGEs) for the operators up to dimension-six (dim-6) in the seesaw effective field theories (SEFTs). Two kinds of contributions to those RGEs are identified, one from double insertions of the dimension-five (dim-5) Weinberg operator and the other from single insertions of the tree-level dim-6 operators in the SEFTs. A number of new results are presented. First, as the dim-5 Weinberg operator is unique in the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT), its contributions to the RGEs for the SEFTs are equally applicable to the SMEFT. We find the full contributions from the Weinberg operator to one-loop RGEs in the SMEFT, correcting the results existing in previous works, and confirm that those from dim-6 operators are consistent with the results in the literature. Second, in the type-I SEFT, we give the explicit expressions of the RGEs of all the physical parameters involved in the charged- and neutral-current interactions of leptons. Third, the RGEs are numerically solved to illustrate the running behaviors of the non-unitary parameters, mixing angles and CP-violating phases in the non-unitary leptonic flavor mixing matrix. Together with the one-loop matching results of the dim-5 and dim-6 operators and their Wilson coefficients, the present work has established a self-consistent framework up to dim-6 to investigate low-energy phenomena of three types of seesaw models at the one-loop level.
description: v1: 54 pages, 14 figures; V2: 48 pages, 5 figures, manuscript shortened, more discussions added, and the version accepted for publication in JHEP
Puzzles in modern biology. II. Language, cancer and the recursive processes of evolutionary innovation
Creators: name: Frank, Steven A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Human language emerged abruptly. Diverse body forms evolved suddenly. Seed-bearing plants spread rapidly. How do complex evolutionary innovations arise so quickly? Resolving alternative claims remains difficult. The great events of the past happened a long time ago. Cancer provides a model to study evolutionary innovation. A tumor must evolve many novel traits to become an aggressive cancer. I use what we know or could study about cancer to describe the key processes of innovation. In general, evolutionary systems form a hierarchy of recursive processes. Those recursive processes determine the rates at which innovations are generated, spread and transmitted. I relate the recursive processes to abrupt evolutionary innovation.
Chrysso pulcherrima
Creators: name: Gao, Cai-Xia
name: Li, Shu-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiidae
Chrysso
Chrysso pulcherrima

description: Chrysso pulcherrima (Mello-Leitão, 1917) Argyrodes pulcherrimus Mello-Leitão, 1917: 86, figs 7–8. Chrysso pulcherrima Zhu & Zhang, 1992: 23, figs 3A–D; Zhu, 1998: 54, figs 28A–D; Song et al., 1999: 103, figs 50A–B, J. Material examined. China, Yunnan, 1♂, 1♀, Xishuangbanna, Menglun Nature Reserve, secondary tropical montane evergreen broad-leaved forest (21º54.767'N, 101º11.431'E), 6 August 2007, Guo Zheng leg.; 2♂, Menglun, rubber plantation (about 20 years) (21º54.646'N, 101º16.257'E), 16 July 2007, Guo Zheng leg.; 1♂, Menglun Nature Reserve, primary tropical seasonal rainforest (21º54.725'N, 101º13.261'E), 8 August 2007, Guo Zheng leg. Distribution. Pantropical.
description: Published as part of Gao, Cai-Xia & Li, Shu-Qiang, 2014, Comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, pp. 1-135 in Zoological Systematics 39 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140101, http://zenodo.org/record/7475365
Stochastic multi-reference perturbation theory with application to linearized coupled cluster method
Creators: name: Jeanmairet, Guillaume
name: Sharma, Sandeep
name: Alavi, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we report a stochastic evaluation of the recently proposed LCC multireference perturbation theory [Sharma S., and Alavi A., J. Chem. Phys. 143, 102815, (2015)]. In this method both the zeroth order and first order wavefunctions are sampled stochastically by propagating simultaneously two populations of signed walkers. The sampling of the zeroth order wavefunction follows a set of stochastic processes identical to the one used in the FCIQMC method. To sample the first order wavefunction, the usual FCIQMC algorithm is augmented with a source term that spawns walkers in the sampled first order wavefunction from the zeroth order wavefunction. The second order energy is also computed stochastically but requires no additional overhead outside of the added cost of sampling the first order wavefunction. This fully stochastic method opens up the possibility of simultaneously treating large active spaces to account for static correlation and recovering the dynamical correlation using perturbation theory. This method is used to study a few benchmark systems including the carbon dimer and aromatic molecules. We have computed the singlet-triplet gaps of benzene and m-xylylene. For m-xylylene, which has proved difficult for standard CASSCF+PT, we find the singlet-triplet gap to be in good agreement with the experimental values.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
CTD2022: ATLAS Inner Detector alignment towards Run 3
Creators: name: Thaler, Alexander
name: Munoz Perez, David
name: Jimenez Pena, Javier
name: Chitishvili, Mariam
name: Sabatini, Paolo
name: Marti I Garcia, Salvador
name: Kuhl, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The algorithm used in the alignment of the Inner Detector of the ATLAS experiment is based on the track-to-hit residual minimization in a sequence of hierarchical levels (ranging from mechanical assembly structures to individual sensors). It aims to describe the detector geometry and its changes in time as accurately as possible, such that the resolution is not degraded by an imperfect positioning of the signal hit in the track reconstruction. The ID alignment during Run2 has proven to describe the detector geometry with a precision at the level of µm [1]. The hit-to-track residual minimization procedure is not sensitive to deformations of the detectors that affect the track parameters while leaving the residuals unchanged. Those geometry deformations are called weak modes. The minimization of the remaining track parameter biases and weak mode deformations has been the main target of the alignment campaign in the reprocessing of the Run2 data. New analysis methods for the weak mode measurement have been therefore implemented, providing a robust geometry description, validated by a wide spectrum of quality-assessment techniques. These novelties are foreseen to be the new baseline methods for the Run3 data-taking, in which the higher luminosity would allow an almost real-time assessment of the alignment performance. [1] Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 1194 (2020)
Performance of the new RD51 VMM3a/SRS beam telescope---studying MPGDs simultaneously in energy, space and time at high rates
Creators: name: Scharenberg, L.
name: Bortfeldt, J.
name: Brunbauer, F.
name: Desch, K.
name: Flöthner, K.
name: Garcia, F.
name: Janssens, D.
name: Lisowska, M.
name: Muller, H.
name: Oliveri, E.
name: Orlandini, G.
name: Pfeiffer, D.
name: Ropelewski, L.
name: Samarati, J.
name: Sorvisto, D.
name: van Stenis, M.
name: Veenhof, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The RD51 collaboration maintains a common infrastructure at CERN for its R & D activities, including two beam telescopes for test beam campaigns. Recently, one of the beam telescopes has been equipped and commissioned with new multi-channel and charge-sensitive front-end electronics based on the ATLAS/BNL VMM3a front-end ASIC and the RD51 Scalable Readout System (SRS). This allows to read out the detectors at high rates (up to the MHz regime) with electronics time resolutions of the order of 1 ns and the ability to handle different detector types and sizes, due to a larger dynamic range compared to the previous front-end electronics based on the APV25 ASIC. Having studied and improved the beam telescope's performance over the course of three test beam campaigns, the results are presented in this paper.
CTD2022: Track Reconstruction using Geometric Deep Learning in the Straw Tube Tracker (STT) at the PANDA Experiment
Creators: name: Akram, Adeel
name: Ju, Xiangyang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The main purpose of the PANDA (anti-Proton ANnihilation at DArmstadt) experiment at FAIR (Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research) is to study strong interactions at the scale where quarks form hadrons. In PANDA, a continuous beam of anti-protons ($\bar{p}$), 1.5 GeV/c to 15 GeV/c, will impinge on a fixed hydrogen ($p$) target inside the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR). This creates optimal conditions for various hadron physics studies, in particular for hyperon physics. To perform a physics study at PANDA, identifying and collecting interesting physics signals with PANDA starts with efficient particle track reconstruction. The track reconstruction process strongly depends on the detector geometry and the momenta of particles. PANDA's Straw Tube Tracker (STT) will be the main component for charged track reconstruction. It has a hexagonal geometry, consisting of 4224 gas-filled tubes arranged in 26 layers and six sectors. Together with low momentum ($100$ MeV/c up to $1.5$ GeV/c) particles, the track reconstruction becomes a considerable challenge for any reconstruction algorithm. In the low momentum region, the particle trajectories are strongly curved in the PANDA solenoid field. In my work, I investigate geometric deep learning (GDL) as a potential solution to this problem. In GDL, the Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are expected not only to capture the non-Euclidean nature of detector geometry but also efficiently reconstruct complex particle tracks. In the current work, the track reconstruction in STT is performed in 2D *i.e.* in ($x, y$) using GNNs and findings will be presented at this conference.
A study of the resonances $K_{0}^{*}(800)$ and $K_{0}^{*}(1430)$
Creators: name: Soltysiak, Milena
name: Wolkanowski, Thomas
name: Giacosa, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scalar kaonic states $K_{0}^{\ast}(800)$ and $K_{0}^{\ast}(1430)$ by using a relativistic QFT Lagrangian in which only a single kaonic field corresponding to the well-established scalar state $K_{0}^{\ast}(1430)$ is considered and in which both derivative and non-derivative interaction terms are taken into account. Even if the scalar spectral function shows a unique peak close to $1.4$ GeV, we find two poles in the complex plane: $1.413\pm0.002-i(0.127\pm0.003)$ GeV, which is related to the seed quark-antiquark state $K_{0}^{\ast}(1430),$ and $0.746\pm0.019-i(262\pm0.014)$ GeV, which is an additional companion pole related to $K_{0}^{\ast}(800)$. As a further investigation for increasing $N_{c}$ confirms, $K_{0}^{\ast}(800)$ emerges as a dynamically generated four-quark object as a consequence of pion-kaon loops.
description: Based on the presentation given at FAIRNESS 2016, Workshop for young scientists with research interests focused on physics at FAIR, 14-19 February 2016, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. 5 pages, 5 figures
Higher Spin Gravity in $AdS_3$ and Folds on Fermi Surface
Creators: name: Dutta, Suvankar
name: Mukherjee, Debangshu
name: Parihar, Sanhita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce new sets of boundary conditions for higher spin gravity in $AdS_3$ where the boundary dynamics of spin two and other higher spin fields are governed by the interacting collective field theory Hamiltonian of Avan and Jevicki. We show that the time evolution of spin two and higher spin fields can be captured by the classical dynamics of folded fermi surfaces in the similar spirit of Lin, Lunin and Maldacena. We also construct infinite sequences of conserved charges showing the integrable structure of higher spin gravity (for spin 3) under the boundary conditions we considered. Further, we observe that there are two possible sequences of conserved charges depending on whether the underlying boundary fermions are non-relativistic or relativistic.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures, typos corrected, explanation elaborated
CTD2022: Exploration of different parameter optimization algorithms within the context of ACTS software framework
Creators: name: Garg, Rocky Bala
name: Hofgard, Elyssa Frances
name: Tompkins, Lauren Alexandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The particle track reconstruction is one of the most important part of the full event reconstruction chain and has a profound impact on the detector and physics performance. The underlying tracking software is also very complex and consists of a number of mathematically intense algorithms, each dealing with a particular tracking sub-process. These algorithms have many input parameters, to be supplied beforehand. However, it is very difficult to know the best configuration of these parameters that can yield in a highly efficient outcome. Currently, the input value of these parameters is decided mainly on the basis of prior experience and some brute force techniques. A parameter optimization approach that is able to automatically tune these parameters for high efficiency and low fake and duplicate rate is highly desirable. In this current study, we are exploring various machine learning based optimization methods to devise a suitable technique that can be used to optimize parameters in complex tracking environment. These methods are evaluated on the basis of a metric that targets high efficiency while keeping the duplicate and fake rates small. We are mainly focusing on the derivative free optimization approaches that can be applied to the problems involving non-differentiable loss functions. For our studies, we are considering the tracking algorithms defined within A Common Tracking Software (ACTS) framework. We are testing our methods using simulated data from ACTS software corresponding to the Generic detector and the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) detector geometries.
The Impact of the Shari’ah on Foreign Direct Investment and Arbitration: The Case of Saudi Arabia and its Vision 2030
Creators: name: Alfatta, Abdulrahman
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2019

description: This study seeks to determine whether the government of Saudi Arabia, in promoting its Vision 2030 project, can strike a balance between safeguarding the Kingdom’s Islamic heritage and protecting the interests of foreign investors in Saudi Arabia. Following a critical review of the extant literature, it establishes that the government has been unable so far to achieve that delicate balance because of the rigid interpretation of the Shari’ah by traditionalist and anti-Western (anti-international) doctrinaire scholars who became prominent after ‘the closing of the gates of ijtihad’ (independent reasoning). The study also establishes that the Shari’ah has been fundamentally flexible from the earliest times, and that early Muslims embraced free trade, and preferred arbitration as dispute resolution mechanism without gender bias. Thus, this study tests the hypothesis that the rigid interpretation subsequently imposed by doctrinaire conservatives explains why the use of the Shari’ah to settle disputes constitutes an obstacle to FDI in Saudi Arabia. In order to test the hypothesis and achieve the research aim, a mixed methods approach is employed that involves both doctrinal and empirical methods. The latter is used because the Shari’ah is not codified and courts are not required to comply with any precedent, making it difficult to predict outcomes either in Saudi courts or in arbitral tribunals, wherever in the world arbitrators sit. The study reveals that although the rigid interpretation and application of the Shari’ah is an obstacle to FDI, the Hanbali fiqh should be interpreted and applied in a flexible manner in regard to commercial matters, including international commercial arbitration. Moreover, other Schools of Jurisprudence, such as the Hanafi, are much more flexible than the Hanbali School of Jurisprudence. As such, it is important to determine whether judges and arbitrators in Saudi Arabia, and arbitrators sitting outside Saudi Arabia, may refer to a Sunni School of Jurisprudence other than the Hanbali School in order to invoke another interpretation of the Shari’ah that is more advantageous to trade and investment in Saudi Arabia. This is in line with the istihsan principle that enables Islamic judges to choose more equitable solutions where a literal interpretation of the Quranic verses may not promote the public good, or may cause a detriment to the general public in Saudi Arabia.
PLC-controlled cryostats for the BlackGEM and MeerLICHT detectors
Creators: name: Raskin, Gert
name: Morren, Johan
name: Pessemier, Wim
name: Bloemen, Steven
name: Klein-Wolt, Marc
name: Roelfsema, Ronald
name: Groot, Paul
name: Aerts, Conny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BlackGEM (BG) is an array of telescopes, currently under development at the Radboud University Nijmegen and at NOVA. It targets the detection of the optical counterparts of gravitational waves. The first 3 BG telescopes are planned to be installed in 2018 at the La Silla observatory. A single prototype telescope, named MeerLICHT, will already be commissioned early 2017 in Sutherland to provide an optical complement for the MeerKAT radio array. The BG array consists of, initially, a set of 3 robotic 65-cm wide-field telescopes. Each telescope is equipped with a single STA1600 CCD detector with 10.5k x 10.5k 9-mum pixels that covers a 2.7 square degrees field of view. The cryostats for housing these detectors are developed and built at the KU Leuven University. The operational model of BG requires long periods of reliable ands-off operation. Therefore, we designed the cryostats for long vacuum hold time and we make use of a closed-cycle cooling system, based on Polycold PCC Joule-Thomson coolers. A single programmable logic controller (PLC) controls the cryogenic systems of several BG telescopes simultaneously, resulting in a highly reliable, cost-efficient and maintenance-friendly system. PLC-based cryostat control offers some distinct advantages, especially for a robotic facility. Apart of temperature monitoring and control, the PLC also monitors the vacuum quality, the power supply and the status of the PCC coolers (compressor power consumption and temperature, pressure in the gas lines, etc.). Furthermore, it provides an alarming system and safe and reproducible procedures for automatic cool down and warm up. The communication between PLC and higher-level software takes place via the OPC-UA protocol, offering a simple to implement, yet very powerful interface. Finally, a touch-panel display on the PLC provides the operator with a user-friendly and robust technical interface.
description: 11 pages, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016 Conference Proceedings
Chrysso spiniventris
Creators: name: Gao, Cai-Xia
name: Li, Shu-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiidae
Chrysso
Chrysso spiniventris

description: Chrysso spiniventris (O. P.- Cambridge, 1869) Theridion spiniventre O. P.- Cambridge, 1869: 384, pl. 12, figs 52–56; Song, 1987: 128, fig. 89. Chrysso spiniventris Z hu, 1998: 66, figs 38A–D; Song et al., 1999: 107, figs 50E–L. Material examined. China, Yunnan, 1♂, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, rubber plantation (about 20 years) (21º54.463'N, 101º15.978'E), 19–25 November 2006, Guo Zheng leg.; 1♂, Menglun, rubber plantation (about 20 years) (21º54.498'N, 101º16.326'E), 5–12 February 2007, Guo Zheng leg. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan); Japan, Sri Lanka.
description: Published as part of Gao, Cai-Xia & Li, Shu-Qiang, 2014, Comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, pp. 1-135 in Zoological Systematics 39 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140101, http://zenodo.org/record/7475365
description: {"references": ["Cambridge, O. P. -. 1869. Catalogue of a collection of Ceylon Araneida lately received from Mr. J. Nietner, with descriptions of new species and characters of a new genus. I. Journal of the Linnean Society, 10: 373 - 397."]}
CTD2022: Track Finding for the PANDA Experiment
Creators: name: Alicke, Anna
name: Ritman, James
name: Stockmanns, Tobias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The PANDA experiment at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) in Darmstadt is a fixed target experiment currently under construction. The accelerator will be operated at energies from 1.5 GeV/c to 15 GeV/c to perform hadron specroscopy and nuclear structure studies. In this context, the production and decay of heavy baryons containing strange quarks, so called hyperons, is of particular interest. Track reconstruction is essential for hyperon detection, and this task is even more challenging because hyperons typically fly several centimeters before they decay. Therefore, secondary track finding plays a key role for PANDA. One of the most challenging parts of track finding in PANDA is the complex data typology. Usually, tracking algorithms use two-dimensional or three-dimensional hit points to perform a circle or a helix fit. PANDA also features time information to the 2D measurement, which result in cylindrical measurements that are tangent to the tracks. Different tracking algorithms dealing with these challenges will be presented. Furthermore, the reconstruction efficiency for a typical hyperon decay will be analyzed using simulated data. It will be shown that the reconstruction efficiency could be improved by 30% compared to the currently existing tracking algorithm in PANDA.
Supernovae and Single-Year Anomalies in the Atmospheric Radiocarbon Record
Creators: name: Dee, Michael
name: Pope, Benjamin
name: Miles, Daniel
name: Manning, Sturt
name: Miyake, Fusa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-year spikes in radiocarbon production are caused by intense bursts of radiation from space. Supernovae emit both high-energy particle and electromagnetic radiation, but it is the latter that is most likely to strike the atmosphere all at once and cause a surge in 14C production. In the 1990s, it was claimed that the supernova in 1006 CE produced exactly this effect. With the 14C spikes in the years 775 and 994 CE now attributed to extreme solar events, attention has returned to the question of whether historical supernovae are indeed detectable using annual 14C measurements. Here, we combine new and existing measurements over six documented and putative supernovae, and conclude that no such astrophysical event has yet left a distinct imprint on the past atmospheric 14C record.
description: 10 Pages; Radiocarbon, accepted
Tri-vector deformations on compact isometries
Creators: name: Musaev, Edvard T.
name: Petrov, Timophey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical Yang-Baxter equation governing bi-vector deformations of 10d supergravity is known to have no solutions along non-abelian compact isometries. By providing explicit examples we show that this is in contrast to generalized Yang-Baxter equation governing tri-vector deformations of 11d supergravity. We present deformations of the AdS7xS4 and flat backgrounds with isometries generated by Killing vectors of a sphere. Isometries of the AdS space-time are preserved by such deformations.
description: 24 pages
Accessibility of Legal Services in the United States: Lawyer Regulation by Whom, to What End?
Creators: name: Snyder, Laura
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2019

description: While most people care about having access to legal services when they need them few are interested in how legal services are regulated. It is considered a technical subject best left to those who actually care, like lawyers themselves. That is what has happened in the United States—the regulation of legal services has been left to a small number of lawyers who make decisions for the entire country about how legal services can—and, especially, cannot—be delivered. They do this in the absence of public accountability or transparency and in the wake of near total abdication by state authorities who, on paper, actually have regulatory power. The result? As regards “accessible and affordable civil justice,” the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index ranks the US 96th of 113 countries. Countries like Afghanistan, Belarus, El Salvador, Russia and Uganda are ranked higher. Those countries provide better access to civil justice than the United States. The inability of many, if not most, people in the US to enforce their rights raises serious questions about the legitimacy of the country’s legal system as well as rule of law and democracy itself. In contrast, Australia ranks 40th, Canada 47th, the UK 60th. While not perfect, they are doing something right. By comparing them to the US, this research exposes the direct link between how legal services are regulated and how people are—and are not—able to access those services. This research demonstrates how the problems plaguing legal services in the United States can be addressed only by radical changes: to the rules that govern how legal services may be delivered, to who has the power to make those rules, and, ultimately, to the country’s entire regulatory environment. This research is based upon an extensive review of both primary and secondary materials and upon 65 in-depth interviews conducted with those who have created, are managing, are employees of, and/or have invested in alternative legal service providers in England & Wales, Australia, Canada, and the District of Columbia, and the people who regulate them.
Open Microwave Cavity for use in a Purcell Enhancement Cooling Scheme
Creators: name: Evetts, N.
name: Martens, I.
name: Bizzotto, D.
name: Longuevergne, D.
name: Hardy, W. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microwave cavity is described which can be used to cool lepton plasmas for potential use in synthesis of antihydrogen. The cooling scheme is an incarnation of the Purcell Effect: when plasmas are coupled to a microwave cavity, the plasma cooling rate is resonantly enhanced through increased spontaneous emission of cyclotron radiation. The cavity forms a three electrode section of a Penning-Malmberg trap and has a bulged cylindrical geometry with open ends aligned with the magnetic trapping axis. This allows plasmas to be injected and removed from the cavity without the need for moving parts while maintaining high quality factors for resonant modes. The cavity includes unique surface preparations for adjusting the cavity quality factor and achieving anti-static shielding using thin layers of nichrome and colloidal graphite respectively. Geometric design considerations for a cavity with strong cooling power and low equilibrium plasma temperatures are discussed. Cavities of this weak-bulge design will be applicable to many situations where an open geometry is required.
LISC Catalog of Open Clusters.III. 83 Newly found Galactic disk open clusters using Gaia EDR3
Creators: name: Chi, Huanbin
name: Wang, Feng
name: Li, Zhongmu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As groups of coeval stars born from the same molecular cloud, an Open cluster (OC) is an ideal laboratory for studying the structure and dynamical evolution of the Milky Way. The release of High-Precision Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) and modern machine-learning methods offer unprecedented opportunities to identify OCs. In this study, we extended conventional HDBSCAN (e-HDBSCAN) for searching for new OCs in Gaia EDR3. A pipeline was developed based on the parallel computing technique to blindly search for open clusters from Gaia EDR3 within Galactic latitudes $\left| b \right|$ $<$25 $^\circ$. As a result, we obtained 3787 star clusters, of which 83 new OCs were reported after cross-match and visual inspection. At the same time, the main star cluster parameters are estimated by colour-magnitude diagram fitting. The study significantly increases the sample size and physical parameters of open clusters in the catalogue of OCs. It shows the incompleteness of the census of OCs across our Galaxy.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, Accepted by RAA
Challenges in Quantitative Abstractions for Collective Adaptive Systems
Creators: name: Tribastone, Mirco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.1

description: Like with most large-scale systems, the evaluation of quantitative properties of collective adaptive systems is an important issue that crosscuts all its development stages, from design (in the case of engineered systems) to runtime monitoring and control. Unfortunately it is a difficult problem to tackle in general, due to the typically high computational cost involved in the analysis. This calls for the development of appropriate quantitative abstraction techniques that preserve most of the system's dynamical behaviour using a more compact representation. This paper focuses on models based on ordinary differential equations and reviews recent results where abstraction is achieved by aggregation of variables, reflecting on the shortcomings in the state of the art and setting out challenges for future research.
description: In Proceedings FORECAST 2016, arXiv:1607.02001
Numerical Characterization of In Vivo Wireless Communication Channels
Creators: name: Demir, A. Fatih
name: Abbasi, Qammer H.
name: Ankarali, Z. Esad
name: Serpedin, Erchin
name: Arslan, Huseyin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we numerically investigated the in vivo wireless communication channel for the human male torso at 915 MHz. The results show that in vivo channel is different from the classical communication channel, and location dependency is very critical for link budget calculations. A statistical path loss model based on the angle, depth and body region is introduced for near and far field regions. Furthermore, multipath characteristics are investigated using a power delay profile as well.
description: 2014 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on RF and Wireless Technologies for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications (IMWS-Bio)
Possible existence of optical communication channels in the brain
Creators: name: Kumar, Sourabh
name: Boone, Kristine
name: Tuszynski, Jack
name: Barclay, Paul E.
name: Simon, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given that many fundamental questions in neuroscience are still open, it seems pertinent to explore whether the brain might use other physical modalities than the ones that have been discovered so far. In particular it is well established that neurons can emit photons, which prompts the question whether these biophotons could serve as signals between neurons, in addition to the well-known electro-chemical signals. For such communication to be targeted, the photons would need to travel in waveguides. Here we show, based on detailed theoretical modeling, that myelinated axons could serve as photonic waveguides, taking into account realistic optical imperfections. We propose experiments, both \textit{in vivo} and \textit{in vitro}, to test our hypothesis. We discuss the implications of our results, including the question whether photons could mediate long-range quantum entanglement in the brain.
description: 13+11 pages, 5+7 figures
Evolution of star cluster systems in isolated galaxies: first results from direct $N$-body simulations
Creators: name: Rossi, L. J.
name: Bekki, K.
name: Hurley, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of star clusters is largely affected by the tidal field generated by the host galaxy. It is thus in principle expected that under the assumption of an "universal" initial cluster mass function the properties of the evolved present-day mass function of star cluster systems should show a dependency on the properties of the galactic environment in which they evolve. To explore this expectation a sophisticated model of the tidal field is required in order to study the evolution of star cluster systems in realistic galaxies. Along these lines, in the present work we first describe a method developed for coupling $N$-body simulations of galaxies and star clusters. We then generate a database of galaxy models along the Hubble sequence and calibrate evolutionary equations to the results of direct $N$-body simulations of star clusters in order to predict the clusters' mass evolution as function of the galactic environment. We finally apply our methods to explore the properties of evolved "universal" initial cluster mass functions and any dependence on the host galaxy morphology and mass distribution. The preliminary results show that an initial power-law distribution of the masses "universally" evolves into a log-normal distribution, with the properties correlated with the stellar mass and stellar mass density density of the host galaxy.
description: 19 Pages, 16 Figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS