cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Horizon radiation reaction forces
Creators: name: Goldberger, Walter D.
name: Rothstein, Ira Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Effective Field Theory (EFT) methods, we compute the effects of horizon dissipation on the gravitational interactions of relativistic binary black hole systems. We assume that the dynamics is perturbative, i.e it admits an expansion in powers of Newton's constant (post-Minkowskian, or PM, approximation). As applications, we compute corrections to the scattering angle in a black hole collision due to dissipative effects to leading PM order, as well as the post-Newtonian (PN) corrections to the equations of motion of binary black holes in non-relativistic orbits, which represents the leading order finite size effect in the equations of motion. The methods developed here are also applicable to the case of more general compact objects, eg. neutron stars, where the magnitude of the dissipative effects depends on non-gravitational physics (e.g, the equation of state for nuclear matter).
description: 15 pages LaTex, 1 figure
The potential role of binary neutron star merger afterglows in multimessenger cosmology
Creators: name: Mastrogiovanni, S.
name: Duque, R.
name: Chassande-Mottin, E.
name: Daigne, F.
name: Mochkovitch, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary neutron star mergers offer a new and independent means of measuring the Hubble constant $H_0$ by combining the gravitational-wave inferred source luminosity distance with its redshift obtained from electromagnetic follow-up. This method is limited by intrinsic degeneracy between the system distance and orbital inclination in the gravitational-wave signal. Observing the afterglow counterpart to a merger can further constrain the inclination angle, allowing this degeneracy to be partially lifted and improving the measurement of $H_0$. In the case of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, afterglow light-curve and imagery modeling thus allowed to improve the $H_0$ measurement by a factor of 3. However, systematic access to afterglow data is far from guaranteed. In fact, though each one allows a leap in $H_0$ precision, these afterglow counterparts should prove rare in forthcoming multimessenger campaigns. We combine models for emission and detection of gravitational-wave and electromagnetic radiation from binary neutron star mergers with realistic population models and estimates for afterglow inclination angle constraints. Using these models, we quantify how fast $H_0$ will be narrowed-down by successive multimessenger events with and without the afterglow. We find that, because of its rareness and though it greatly refines angle estimates, the afterglow counterpart should not significantly contribute to the measurement of $H_0$ in the long run.
EVN observations of eleven GHz-Peaked-Spectrum radio sources at 2.3/8.4GHz
Creators: name: Xiang, L.
name: Dallacasa, D.
name: Cassaro, P.
name: Jiang, D.
name: Reynolds, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of EVN observations of eleven GHz-Peaked-Spectrum (GPS) radio sources at 2.3/8.4 GHz. These sources are from the classical ''bright'' GPS source samples with peak flux densities $>$ 0.2 Jy and spectral indices $α< -0.2$ ($S \propto ν^{-α}$) in the optically thick regime of their convex spectra. Most of the target sources did not have VLBI images at the time this project started. The aim of the work is to find Compact Symmetric Object (CSO) candidates from the ''bright'' GPS samples. These CSOs play a key role in understanding the very early stage of the evolution of individual radio galaxies. The reason for investigating GPS source samples is that CSO candidates are more frequently found among this class of radio sources. In fact both classes, GPS and CSO, represent a small fraction of the flux limited and flat-spectrum samples like PR+CJ1 (PR: Pearson-Readhead survey, CJ1: the first Caltech--Jodrell Bank survey) and CJF (the Caltech--Jodrell Bank flat spectrum source survey) with a single digit percentage progressively decreasing with decreasing flux density limit. Our results, with at least 3, but possibly more CSO sources detected among a sample of 11, underline the effectiveness of our approach. The three confirmed CSO sources (1133+432, 1824+271, and 2121$-$014) are characterized by a symmetric pair of resolved components, each with steep spectral indices. Five further sources (0144+209, 0554$-$026, 0904+039, 0914+114 and 2322$-$040) can be considered likely CSO candidates. The remaining three sources (0159+839, 0602+780 and 0802+212) are either of core-jet type or dominated by a single component at both frequencies.
description: 11 pages, 22 figures, accepted by A&A
Non-Fermi Liquid Behavior and Double-Exchange Physics in Orbital-Selective Mott Systems
Creators: name: Biermann, S.
name: Medici, L. de'
name: Georges, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a multi-band Hubbard model in its orbital selective Mott phase, in which localized electrons in a narrow band coexist with itinerant electrons in a wide band. The low-energy physics of this phase is shown to be closely related to that of a generalized double-exchange model. The high-temperature disordered phase thus differs from a Fermi liquid, and displays a finite scattering rate of the conduction electrons at the Fermi level, which depends continuously on the spin anisotropy.
description: 5 pages, minor typos corrected
A Framework for Causal Discovery in non-intervenable systems
Creators: name: van Leeuwen, Peter Jan
name: DeCaria, Michael
name: Chakaborty, Nachiketa
name: Pulido, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many frameworks exist to infer cause and effect relations in complex nonlinear systems but a complete theory is lacking. A new framework is presented that is fully nonlinear, provides a complete information theoretic disentanglement of causal processes, allows for nonlinear interactions between causes, identifies the causal strength of missing or unknown processes, and can analyze systems that cannot be represented on Directed Acyclic Graphs. The basic building blocks are information theoretic measures such as (conditional) mutual information and a new concept called certainty that monotonically increases with the information available about the target process. The framework is presented in detail and compared with other existing frameworks, and the treatment of confounders is discussed. While there are systems with structures that the framework cannot disentangle, it is argued that any causal framework that is based on integrated quantities will miss out potentially important information of the underlying probability density functions. The framework is tested on several highly simplified stochastic processes to demonstrate how blocking and gateways are handled, and on the chaotic Lorentz 1963 system. We show that the framework provides information on the local dynamics, but also reveals information on the larger scale structure of the underlying attractor. Furthermore, by applying it to real observations related to the El-Nino-Southern-Oscillation system we demonstrate its power and advantage over other methodologies.
description: 45 pages, 9 figures
A Study of Compact Object Mergers as Short Gamma-ray Burst Progenitors
Creators: name: Belczynski, Krzysztof
name: Perna, Rosalba
name: Bulik, Tomasz
name: Kalogera, Vassiliki
name: Ivanova, Natalia
name: Lamb, Donald Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of double compact objects as potential short/hard gamma-ray burst (GRB) progenitors. An updated population synthesis code StarTrack is used to calculate properties of double neutron stars and black-hole neutron star binaries. We obtain their formation rates, estimate merger times and finally predict their most likely merger locations and afterglow properties for different types of host galaxies. Our results serve for a direct comparison with the recent HETE-II and SWIFT observations of several short bursts, for which afterglows and host galaxies were detected. We also discuss the possible constraints these observations put on the evolutionary models of double compact object formation. We emphasize that our double compact object models can successfully reproduce at the same time short GRBs within both young, star-forming galaxies (e.g., GRB 050709 and GRB 051221A), as well as within old, elliptical hosts (e.g., GRB 050724 and probably GRB 050509B)
description: ApJ, in press
Generalized Parton Distributions from Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Renner, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the LHPC Collaboration's lattice QCD calculations of the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon and highlight those aspects of nucleon structure best illuminated by lattice QCD, the nucleon's spin decomposition and transverse quark structure.
description: Talk given at First Meeting of the APS Topical Group on Hadronic Physics, Batavia, Illinois, 24-26 Oct 2004
Ultra-fast two-qubit ion gate using sequences of resonant pulses
Creators: name: Torrontegui, E.
name: Heinrich, D.
name: Hussain, M. I.
name: Blatt, R.
name: García-Ripoll, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new protocol to implement ultra-fast two-qubit phase gates with trapped ions using spin-dependent kicks induced by resonant transitions. By only optimizing the allocation of the arrival times in a pulse train sequence the gate is implemented in times faster than the trapping oscillation period $T<2π/ω$. Such gates allow us to increase the number of gate operations that can be completed within the coherence time of the ion-qubits favoring the development of scalable quantum computers.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Small Valdivia compact spaces
Creators: name: Kubiś, Wieslaw
name: Michalewski, Henryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54D30 (Primary) 54C15, 54B35 (Secondary)

description: We prove a preservation theorem for the class of Valdivia compact spaces, which involves inverse sequences of ``simple'' retractions. Consequently, a compact space of weight $\loe\aleph_1$ is Valdivia compact iff it is the limit of an inverse sequence of metric compacta whose bonding maps are retractions. As a corollary, we show that the class of Valdivia compacta of weight at most $\aleph_1$ is preserved both under retractions and under open 0-dimensional images. Finally, we characterize the class of all Valdivia compacta in the language of category theory, which implies that this class is preserved under all continuous weight preserving functors.
description: 20 pages
The relevance of the three dimensional Thirring coupling at finite temperature and density
Creators: name: Narayanan, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the three dimensional Thirring model in the limit of infinite number of flavors at finite temperature and density. We calculated the number density as a function of temperature and the density at zero temperature serves as a relevant parameter. A three dimensional free fermion gas behavior as the density at zero temperature approaches zero smoothly crosses over to a two dimensional free fermion gas behavior as the density at zero temperature approaches infinity.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Algorithm for Model Validation: Theory and Applications
Creators: name: Sornette, D.
name: Davis, A. B.
name: Ide, K.
name: Vixie, K. R.
name: Pisarenko, V.
name: Kamm, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Validation is often defined as the process of determining the degree to which a model is an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of its intended uses. Validation is crucial as industries and governments depend increasingly on predictions by computer models to justify their decisions. We propose to formulate the validation of a given model as an iterative construction process that mimics the often implicit process occurring in the minds of scientists. We offer a formal representation of the progressive build-up of trust in the model. We thus replace static claims on the impossibility of validating a given model by a dynamic process of constructive approximation. This approach is better adapted to the fuzzy, coarse-grained nature of validation. Our procedure factors in the degree of redundancy versus novelty of the experiments used for validation as well as the degree to which the model predicts the observations. We illustrate the new methodology first with the maturation of Quantum Mechanics as the arguably best established physics theory and then with several concrete examples drawn from some of our primary scientific interests: a cellular automaton model for earthquakes, a multifractal random walk model for financial time series, an anomalous diffusion model for solar radiation transport in the cloudy atmosphere, and a computational fluid dynamics code for the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability.
description: 26 page with 5 figures: version in press in PNAS extended to incorporate the referee's suggestion and 4 added figures
Work probability distribution in systems driven out of equilibrium
Creators: name: Imparato, A.
name: Peliti, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the differential equation describing the time evolution of the work probability distribution function of a stochastic system which is driven out of equilibrium by the manipulation of a parameter. We consider both systems described by their microscopic state or by a collective variable which identifies a quasiequilibrium state. We show that the work probability distribution can be represented by a path integral, which is dominated by ``classical'' paths in the large system size limit. We compare these results with simulated manipulation of mean-field systems. We discuss the range of applicability of the Jarzynski equality for evaluating the system free energy using these out-of-equilibrium manipulations. Large fluctuations in the work and the shape of the work distribution tails are also discussed.
MEDICIÓN DEL IMPACTO DE LA POLÍTICA FISCAL SOBRE EL SALDO DE EXPORTACIONES NETAS EN COLOMBIA, CHILE, ECUADOR Y PERÚ DURANTE EL PERIODO 2010-2015
Creators: name: Espindola, Sebastian
name: Martinez, Camilo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140302 Econometric and Statistical Methods
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The aim of this article is to demonstrate, through an econometric model, how the economic intervention of the governments of Colombia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru affected its current account balance of payments between 2010 and 2015, time when these countriesincreased their inclusion in international trade. For this purpose, an economic model was developed with panel data, in the model included the World Bank and ECLAC data. Economic modeling was used as a tool to measure the influence of the public spending and the taxes on the current account balances of the countries studied. The results show that there is a clear negative relationship between the balance of payments current account balance and economic intervention, measured with income and earnings taxes and the increase of public expenditure in relation to GDP. While these countries have been increasingly inserted in international markets in recent years, it is counterproductive that the government increases taxes and public spending, because that reduce balance of payments in the current account of the balance of payments.
Additional file 1 of Extending the phenotypic spectrum of PRPF8, PRPH2, RP1 and RPGR, and the genotypic spectrum of early-onset severe retinal dystrophy
Creators: name: Georgiou, Michalis
name: Ali, Naser
name: Yang, Elizabeth
name: Parampal S. Grewal
name: Rotsos, Tryfon
name: Pontikos, Nikolas
name: Robson, Anthony G.
name: Michaelides, Michel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Table: Annotation of Leber Congenital Amaurosis/Early-Onset Severe Retinal Dystrophy Causing Variants.
Characterizing entanglement using quantum discord over state extensions
Creators: name: Xiong, Chunhe
name: Kim, Sunho
name: Qiu, Daowen
name: Kumar, Asutosh
name: Wu, Junde
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a framework to characterize entanglement with quantum discord, both asymmetric and symmetric, over state extensions. In particular, we show that the minimal Bures distance of discord over state extensions is equivalent to Bures distance of entanglement. This equivalence places quantum discord at a more primitive position than entanglement conceptually in the sense that entanglement can be interpreted as an irreducible part of discord over all state extensions. Based on this equivalence, we also offer an operational meaning of Bures distance of entanglement by connecting it to quantum state discriminations. Moreover, for the relative entropy part, we prove that the entanglement measure introduced by Devi and Rajagopal [A. R. U. Devi and A. K. Rajagopal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 140502 (2008)] is actually equivalent to the relative entropy of entanglement. We also provide several quantifications of entanglement based on discord measures.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, close to published version
Divergence Behavior of Thermodynamic Curvature Scalar at Critical Point in the Extended Phase Space of Generic Black Holes
Creators: name: Hu, Ya-Peng
name: Cai, Liang
name: Liang, Xiao
name: Kong, Shi-Bei
name: Zhang, Hongsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $P$-$V$ phase transition and critical behavior in the extended phase space of asymptotic Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes have been widely investigated, in which four critical exponents around critical point are found to be consistent with values in the mean field theory. Recently, another critical exponent $ν$ related to divergent correlation length at critical point is proposed by using thermodynamic curvature scalar $R_N$ in the charged AdS black hole. In this paper, we develop a method to investigate the divergent behavior of $R_N$ at critical point, and find that the divergent behavior of $R_N$ around the critical point expresses a universal property in generic black holes. We further directly apply this method to investigate black holes in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity to check this universality. Those results shed new lights on the microscopic properties of black holes.
description: 10 pages, no figure, version accepted by PLB
Cosmic holographic bounds with UV and IR cutoffs
Creators: name: Myung, Yun Soo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the cosmic holographic bounds with two UV and IR cutoff scales, to deal with both the inflationary universe in the past and dark energy in the future. To describe quantum fluctuations of inflation on sub-horizon scales, we use the Bekenstein-Hawking energy bound. However, it is not justified that the D-bound is satisfied with the coarse-grained entropy. The Hubble bounds are introduced for classical fluctuations of inflation on super-horizon scales. It turns out that the Hubble entropy bound is satisfied with the entanglement entropy and the Hubble temperature bound leads to a condition for the slow-roll inflation. In order to describe the dark energy, we introduce the holographic energy density which is the one saturating the Bekenstein-Hawking energy bound for a weakly gravitating system. Here the UV (IR) cutoff is given by the Planck scale (future event horizon), respectively. As a result, we find the close connection between quantum and classical fluctuations of inflation, and dark energy.
description: 15pages
Virtual Testbed for Monocular Visual Navigation of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Creators: name: Kim, Kyung
name: Leishman, Robert C.
name: Nykl, Scott L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Monocular visual navigation methods have seen significant advances in the last decade, recently producing several real-time solutions for autonomously navigating small unmanned aircraft systems without relying on GPS. This is critical for military operations which may involve environments where GPS signals are degraded or denied. However, testing and comparing visual navigation algorithms remains a challenge since visual data is expensive to gather. Conducting flight tests in a virtual environment is an attractive solution prior to committing to outdoor testing. This work presents a virtual testbed for conducting simulated flight tests over real-world terrain and analyzing the real-time performance of visual navigation algorithms at 31 Hz. This tool was created to ultimately find a visual odometry algorithm appropriate for further GPS-denied navigation research on fixed-wing aircraft, even though all of the algorithms were designed for other modalities. This testbed was used to evaluate three current state-of-the-art, open-source monocular visual odometry algorithms on a fixed-wing platform: Direct Sparse Odometry, Semi-Direct Visual Odometry, and ORB-SLAM2 (with loop closures disabled).
IBM-2 configuration mixing and its geometric interpretation for germanium isotopes
Creators: name: Padilla-Rodal, E.
name: Castanos, O.
name: Bijker, R.
name: Galindo-Uribarri, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-energy spectra, electric quadrupole transitions and moments for the germanium isotopes are studied in the formalism of the IBM-2 with configuration mixing. The calculated observables reproduce well the available experimental information, including the newly obtained data for radioactive neutron-rich 78, 80, 82 Ge isotopes. A geometric interpretation of the model was established using a matrix formulation. The two energy surfaces determined after mixing carry information about the deformation parameters of the nucleus. Tor the even-even Ge isotopes the results are consistent with the shape transition that takes place around neutron number N=40.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, corrected errors in published versions
Annual change of Pareto index dynamically deduced from the law of detailed quasi-balance
Creators: name: Ishikawa, Atushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Employing data on the assessed value of land in 1983 -- 2005 Japan, we investigate the dynamical behavior in the high scale region of non-equilibrium systems. From the detailed quasi-balance and Gibrat's law, we derive a relation between the change of Pareto index and a symmetry in the detailed quasi-balance. The relation is confirmed in the empirical data nicely.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
On a local hidden-variable model with `isolato' hypothesis of the EPR--Bohm Gedanken experiment
Creators: name: Uchiyama, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A local hidden-variable model based on `isolato' hypothesis of the EPR--Bohm Gedanken experiment is presented. The `isolato' hypothesis states that one of a pair of spin-${1}/{2}$ particles can be in `isolato' mode in which the spin-${1}/{2}$ particle shuts itself from any external interactions, and hence it can never be detected. As a result of this, data rejection is made; Bell's inequality is violated, although the model is genuinely local. In this model, $2/π$ ($\simeq$ 63.6%) of the initially prepared ensemble of pairs of spin-${1}/{2}$ particles are detected as a pair of particles, and others are detected as a single particle. This does not disagree with the results of the experiments performed before, since these single spin-${1}/{2}$ particles were regarded as noise.
description: 6 pages; submitted to the proceedings of the international conference "Quantum Theory: Reconsideration of Foundations-3", June 6-11, 2005, Va"xjo" University, Sweden
On the Eigenvalue Distribution for a Beam with Attached Masses
Creators: name: Kalosha, Julia
name: Zuyev, Alexander
name: Benner, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74H45, 35P20, 74K10, 70J10, 93C20

description: We study a mathematical model of a hinged flexible beam with piezoelectric actuators and electromagnetic shaker in this paper. The shaker is modelled as a mass and spring system attached to the beam. To analyze free vibrations of this mechanical system, we consider the corresponding spectral problem for a fourth-order differential operator with interface conditions that characterize the shaker dynamics. The characteristic equation is studied analytically, and asymptotic estimates of eigenvalues are obtained. The eigenvalue distribution is also illustrated by numerical simulations under a realistic choice of mechanical parameters.
description: Accepted for publication in the special issue "Stabilization of Distributed Parameter Systems: Design Methods and Applications", SEMA SIMAI Springer Series
Thermalisation of electrons in a stellar atmosphere
Creators: name: Chevallier, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are interested in electrons kinetics in a stellar atmosphere to validate or invalidate the usually accepted hypothesis of thermalisation of electrons. For this purpose, we calculate the velocity distribution function of electrons by solving the kinetic equation of these particles together with the equations of radiative transfer and statistical equilibrium. We note that this distribution can deviate strongly from a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution if non-LTE effects are important. Some results and astrophysical consequences are examined.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, conference, journal-ref updated
Turbulent radiative diffusion and turbulent Newtonian cooling
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Das, Upasana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiation transport plays important roles in stellar atmospheres, but the effects of turbulence are being obscured by other effects such as stratification. Using radiative hydrodynamic simulations of forced turbulence, we determine the decay rates of sinusoidal large-scale temperature perturbations of different wavenumbers in the optically thick and thin regimes. Increasing the wavenumber increases the rate of decay in both regimes, but this effect is much weaker than for the usual turbulent diffusion of passive scalars, where the increase is quadratic for small wavenumbers. The turbulent decay is well described by an enhanced Newtonian cooling process in the optically thin limit, which is found to show a weak increase proportional to the square root of the wavenumber. In the optically thick limit, the increase in turbulent decay is somewhat steeper for wavenumbers below the energy-carrying wavenumber of the turbulence, but levels off toward larger wavenumbers. In the presence of turbulence, the typical cooling time is comparable to the turbulent turnover time. We observe that the temperature takes a long time to reach equilibrium in both the optically thin and thick cases, but in the former, the temperature retains smaller scale structures for longer.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, Physics of Fluids
Additional file 2 of Pre-clinical study of IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab formulation, stability, pharmacokinetics, and safety
Creators: name: Bernhard, Wendy
name: Barreto, Kris
name: El-Sayed, Ayman
name: Gonzalez, Carolina
name: Viswas, Raja Solomon
name: Toledo, Darien
name: Casaco, Angel
name: DeCoteau, John
name: Fonge, Humphrey
name: Geyer, Clarence Ronald
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. Schematic of how the meta-analysis on clinical trials with IRDye800CW was done and tables showing the clinical trials with IRD800CW with results published on pubmed.
Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI) Spectra of Globular Clusters and Ultra Compact Dwarfs in the Halo of M87
Creators: name: Forbes, Duncan A.
name: Ferré-Mateu, Anna
name: Durré, Mark
name: Brodie, Jean P.
name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Keck Cosmic Web Imager we obtain spectra of several globular clusters (GCs), ultra compact dwarfs (UCDs) and the inner halo starlight of M87, at a similar projected galactocentric radius of $\sim$5 kpc. This enables us, for the first time, to apply the same stellar population analysis to the GCs, UCDs and starlight consistently to derive ages, metallicities and alpha-element abundances in M87. We find evidence for a dual stellar population in the M87 halo light, i.e an $\sim$80\% component by mass which is old and metal-rich and a $\sim$20\% component which is old but metal-poor. Two red GCs share similar stellar populations to the halo light suggesting they may have formed contemporaneously with the dominant halo component. Three UCDs, and one blue GC, have similar stellar populations, with younger mean ages, lower metallicities and near solar alpha-element abundances. Combined with literature data, our findings are consistent with the scenario that UCDs are the remnant nucleus of a stripped galaxy. We further investigate the discrepancy in the literature for M87's kinematics at large radii, favouring a declining velocity dispersion profile. This work has highlighted the need for more self-consistent studies of galaxy halos.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Agriculture and Protection of Landscape Area of the White Carpathians
Creators: name: Krumalova, Veronika
name: Backman, Stefan
name: Krumalova, Veronika
name: Backman, Stefan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: factor analysis
subject: landscape protection
subject: livestock production
subject: policies
subject: institutions

description: The protected landscape area of the White Carpathians in Czech Republic is confronted with several threats. The protection of the landscape involves instituted policies and restrictions on production. Due to the approaching EU accession and the possible subsequent institutional changes, there is an increased demand for knowledge on production opportunities and threats. In addition there are immediate concerns on the relation between agricultural production and the environment. One major concern is the abandonment of agricultural land. In this article the combination of production elements and protection is described. Factor analyses are used to identify groups of farms with similarities in production structure and organisation. The results of the factor analysis are compared to typology achieved by interviews. Some important elements with policy and research implications are derived.
Keys from the Sky: A First Exploration of Physical-Layer Security Using Satellite Links
Creators: name: Zimmer, Pascal
name: Weinreich, Roland
name: Zenger, Christian T.
name: Sezgin, Aydin
name: Paar, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate physical-layer security (PLS) methods for proximity-based group-key establishment and proof of location. Fields of application include secure car-to-car communication, privacy-preserving and secure distance evidence for healthcare or location-based feature activation. Existing technologies do not solve the problem satisfactorily, due to communication restrictions, e.g., ultra-wide band (UWB) based time of flight measurements, or trusted hardware, e.g., using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning data. We introduce PLS as a solution candidate. It is information theoretically secure, which also means post-quantum resistant, and has the potential to run on resource constrained devices with low latency. Furthermore, we use wireless channel properties of satellite-to-Earth links, demonstrate the first feasibility study using off-the-shelf hardware testbeds and present first evaluation results and future directions for research.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Equilibrium entanglement vanishes at finite temperature
Creators: name: Fine, B. V.
name: Mintert, F.
name: Buchleitner, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the equilibrium entanglement of a bipartite system having a finite number of quantum states vanishes at finite temperature, for arbitrary interactions between its constituents and with the environment.
description: 2 pages, no figures, first submitted on July 22, 2004
Additional file 1 of Pre-clinical study of IRDye800CW-nimotuzumab formulation, stability, pharmacokinetics, and safety
Creators: name: Bernhard, Wendy
name: Barreto, Kris
name: El-Sayed, Ayman
name: Gonzalez, Carolina
name: Viswas, Raja Solomon
name: Toledo, Darien
name: Casaco, Angel
name: DeCoteau, John
name: Fonge, Humphrey
name: Geyer, Clarence Ronald
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Clinical trials by probe. A table listing the clinical trials by probe with IRDye800CW and the number (n) of clinical trials.
The “Torre del Cerrano” Marine Protected Area and the European Charter for Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas as an Ecotourism Management Tool
Creators: name: Capanna Piscè, Guido
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior  (IJEB)
Year: 2021

description: The European Charter for Sustainable Tourism (ECST) in Protected Areas is a voluntary management tool and certification that enables protected areas to develop sustainable tourism for the benefit of the environment, local populations, businesses, and visitors. The EUROPARC Federation, of which Federparchi has been the Italian section since 2008, issues the internationally recognized Charter. The entire process is participative and integrated through a strategic approach that includes defining the strategic objectives to be pursued through an Action Plan, allocating the necessary resources, and monitoring the results achieved. This contribution aims to propose a critical analysis of the documentation produced by the managers of the Torre del Cerrano Marine Protected Areas (in Italy) following the process implemented during the months when the Charter was renewed (between autumn 2018 and spring 2019) and contained in the Strategy and Action Plan document. The author conducted a critical analysis to define the factors characterizing a protected area as the result of the participatory process.
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior (IJEB), V. 11 N. 1 (2021): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Farm level cost of reducing nitrate leaching by economic instruments in Croatian farming systems
Creators: name: Sumelius, John
name: Grgic, Zoran
name: Mesic, Milan
name: Franic, Ramona
name: Sumelius, John
name: Grgic, Zoran
name: Mesic, Milan
name: Franic, Ramona
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Croatian farming systems have become more intensive in recent years. There is some evidence of rising NO3-N-levels in ground water. The aim of the paper is to find possible ways of preventing NO3-levels to rise in Croatian farming systems and their implications from the viewpoint of the manager. More specifically the purpose is to 1. Determine whether Croatian farmers exceed profit maximising levels of N-fertiliser use in maize cultivation and possible influence on NO3-N-levels. 2. To estimate the marginal abatement cost (MAC) at farm level of reducing NO3-N leaching through following economic instruments: a tax on optimal N-doses, a product tax and a N-fertiliser quota, all instruments corresponding to the same abatement level. Based on N-response experiments from field trials for maize N-response curves were derived. A sample of 20 family farms was used to calculate intensity, nutrient content in manure and the prices paid for N and obtained for maize. Profit maximising doses from the field trials were compared with nutrient use on farms. An effluent production function was estimated based on experiments with NO3-N contents in lysimeter water for the same treatments as in the N-response experiments. The results indicate that farmers use higher than optimal levels of N-fertilisers, if the technology and conditions of experimental fields could be applied on the farms and if manure is accounted for. Neglecting the N-content of the manure shows close to optimal nutrient levels. At profit maximising levels the NO3-N level is approximately 14 mg NO3-N/l (62 mg NO3/l) or clearly higher that the critical level stipulated by the nitrate directive (11.3 mg NO3-N/l or 50 mg NO3/l). If the N-content in the manure is taken into account the esti-mated NO3-N/l level in groundwater is about twice higher than the critical level stipulated by the Nitrate Directive. Through any of the three instruments a 76% NO3-leaching reduction could be obtained. However, it was concluded the quota has the lowest MAC (4.08 Euros/mg NO3-N/l or 0.92 Euros/mg NO3/l), followed by the N-fertiliser tax (16.16 Euros/mg NO3-N/l or 3.65 Euros/mg NO3/l) and the product tax in third place (41.25 Euros/mg NO3-N/l or 9.32 Euros/mg NO3/l). Management practices that may increase yield level and correspondingly NO3-leaching in the short and long run were identified. One way to achieve a quick improvement would be a system of cross compliance stipulating a code of good agricultural practices.
Provision of Environmental Goods on Potentially Abandoned Land- The White Carpathians Protected Landscape Area
Creators: name: Krumalova, Veronika
name: Ratinger, Tomas
name: Krumalova, Veronika
name: Ratinger, Tomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: At the beginning of the transition, the economic decline of agriculture partially relaxed the pressure on the wildlife. However, the policy continued to concentrate on regulating the intensity of production rather then creating incentives to produce environmental qualities. The structural adjustment process in agriculture caused the low return (poor) land to be released from production, especially, in protection zones with severe environmental restrictions. Land abandonment resulted in a rapid degradation of wildlife and landscape in places where these natural values were legally protected. The article examines the organisation of the provision of landscape and wildlife in the White Carpathians protected landscape area after 1997, when the new agricultural legislation and policy recognised compensations for restrictions and has gradually introduced incentives to cultivate potentially abandoned land. It was found that there was more than one governance structure, and that these were not necessary supporting each other. Our investigation concluded that solving the conservation problem is not separable from the rural development problem of the region, and therefore, that there is a need for participation of local community in terms of contributing producers but mainly consumers of high natural values.
Build2Vec: Building Representation in Vector Space
Creators: name: Abdelrahman, Mahmoud
name: Chong, Adrian
name: Miller, Clayton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we represent a methodology of a graph embeddings algorithm that is used to transform labeled property graphs obtained from a Building Information Model (BIM). Industrial Foundation Classes (IFC) is a standard schema for BIM, which is utilized to convert the building data into a graph representation. We used node2Vec with biased random walks to extract semantic similarities between different building components and represent them in a multi-dimensional vector space. A case study implementation is conducted on a net-zero-energy building located at the National University of Singapore (SDE4). This approach shows promising machine learning applications in capturing the semantic relations and similarities of different building objects, more specifically, spatial and spatio-temporal data.
description: 4 pages, 9 figures, 24 referencess
How evening and night work affects women’s abilities to feed their families and socialize their children
Creators: name: Carr, Susan Belinda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The number of mothers entering paid employment, including shift work, has dramatically increased over the last half century. Current research suggests that working women still perform the majority of caring work at home, but does not specifically address how shift work affects women's roles and responsibilities in relation to feeding their families. The purpose of this qualitative study, thus, was to explore how evening and night-working women with young children feed their families and to describe women's perceptions and feelings about how the nutritional and socialization needs of their children are being met during their absences. Twelve participants were recruited through notices placed in community newspapers and on bulletin boards and data were collected through conducting semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim; data analysis occurred concurrently with data collection. Various hardships and inconveniences were associated with evening shifts, including complex childcare arrangements, extra work feeding their families, and dissatisfaction with the mothers' own eating habits. Evening shifts resulted in less time for women to feed their children while the effects of extreme fatigue affected night-working women's abilities to feed and socialize their children. Women were concerned about their families not eating together frequently enough and their children's table manners and meal time conversations. Most women were embedded in feeding work associated with traditional gendered roles of "mothers;" varying levels of understanding and acceptance of this role were shown. Support networks, the age of children, and the shift and number of hours worked were all factors that affected women's abilities to combine shift work and the feeding and socializing of their families. Senior females were considered to be the preferred caregivers when mothers worked over meal times. The findings suggest that while shift-working mothers are coping with feeding their families, some children, in particular school-aged children of evening working women, were identified as being at most risk of less desirable nutrition and socialization practices due to the absence of their mothers.
Singlino dominated LSP as CDM candidate in supersymmetric models with an extra U(1)
Creators: name: Suematsu, Daijiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a singlino dominated neutralino in supersymmetric models with an extra U(1). In case both the $μ$ term and also the $Z^\prime$ mass are generated by the vacuum expectation value of the scalar component of the same singlet chiral superfield, generically the lightest neutralino is not expected to be dominated by the singlino. However, if the gaugino corresponding to the extra U(1) is sufficiently heavy, the lightest neutralino can be dominated by the singlino and still satisfy the constraints resulting from the $Z^\prime$ phenomenology. We assume a supersymmetry breaking scenario in which the extra U(1) gaugino can be much heavier than other gauginos. In that framework we show that the singlino dominated lightest neutralino may be a good candidate for dark matter in a parameter space where various phenomenological constraints are satisfied.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, title is changed, introduction is extended, sec.2 is moved to appendix, some references are added, published version