cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
What do we know about DNA mechanics so far?
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Abhishek
name: Naskar, Supriyo
name: Sahoo, Anil Kumar
name: Mogurampelly, Santosh
name: Garai, Ashok
name: Maiti, Prabal K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The DNA molecule, apart from carrying the genetic information, plays a crucial role in a variety of biological processes and find applications in drug design, nanotechnology and nanoelectronics. The molecule undergoes significant structural transitions under the influence of forces due to physiological and non-physiological environments. Here, we summarize the insights gained from simulations and single-molecule experiments on the structural transitions and mechanics of DNA under force, as well as its elastic properties, in various environmental conditions, and discuss appealing future directions.
description: Review Article, Accepted for publication in Current Opinion in Structural Biology
Tinnitus affects the relative roles of semantics and prosody in the perception of emotions in spoken language
Creators: name: Yahav Oron
name: Levy, Oren
name: Avivi-Reich, Meital
name: Goldfarb, Abraham
name: Handzel, Ophir
name: Shakuf, Vered
name: Ben-David, Boaz M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: Understanding communication difficulties related to tinnitus, by identifying tinnitus-related differences in the perception of spoken emotions, focussing on the roles of semantics (words), prosody (tone of speech) and their interaction. Study sample and design: Twenty-two people-with-tinnitus (PwT) and 24 people-without-tinnitus (PnT) listened to spoken sentences made of different combinations of four discrete emotions (anger, happiness, sadness, neutral) presented in the prosody and semantics (Test for Rating Emotions in Speech). In separate blocks, listeners were asked to attend to the sentence as a whole, integrating both speech channels (gauging integration), or to focus on one channel only (gauging identification and selective attention). Their task was to rate how much they agree the sentence conveys each of the predefined emotions. Results: Both groups identified emotions similarly, and performed with similar failures of selective attention. Group differences were found in the integration of channels. PnT showed a bias towards prosody, whereas PwT weighed both channels equally. Conclusions: Tinnitus appears to impact the integration of the prosodic and semantic channels. Three possible sources are suggested: (a) sensory: tinnitus may reduce prosodic cues. (b) Cognitive: tinnitus-related reduction in cognitive processing. (c) Affective: group differences were related to the existence of tinnitus, but not to the extent of tinnitus complaints and/or affective symptoms.
Cochain level May-Steenrod operations
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Ralph M.
name: Medina-Mardones, Anibal M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55S05, 55U05, 55S10, 55S12, 55-04, 55U15, 55S15

description: Steenrod defined in 1947 the Steenrod squares on the mod 2 cohomology of spaces using explicit cochain formulae for the cup-$i$ products; a family of coherent homotopies derived from the broken symmetry of Alexander--Whitney's chain approximation to the diagonal. He later defined his homonymous operations for all primes using the homology of symmetric groups. This approach enhanced the conceptual understanding of the operations and allowed for many advances, but lacked the concreteness of their definition at the even prime. In recent years, thanks to the development of new applications of cohomology, the need to have an effectively computable definition of Steenrod operations has become a key issue. Using the operadic viewpoint of May, this article provides such definitions at all primes introducing multioperations that generalize the Steenrod cup-$i$ products on the simplicial and cubical cochains of spaces.
description: Published in Forum Mathematicum, 2021
Loss tolerance in one-way quantum computation via counterfactual error correction
Creators: name: Varnava, Michael
name: Browne, Daniel E.
name: Rudolph, Terry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a scheme for fault tolerantly dealing with losses (or other "leakage" errors) in cluster state computation that can tolerate up to 50% qubit loss. This is achieved passively using an adaptive strategy of measurement - no coherent measurements or coherent correction is required. Since the scheme relies on inferring information about what would have been the outcome of a measurement had one been able to carry it out, we call this "counterfactual" error correction.
description: Published version - much revised and with a new title. Here we now focus solely on the general aspects of the protocol - a much expanded and improved discussion of its application in linear optical quantum computation can now be found in quant-ph/0702044
Educator perceptions during implementation of blended learning : a high school case study
Creators: name: Cooper, Beth Ann
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Blended learning
Online learning
Implementation stages

description: Implementation of blended learning in K-12 education advanced rapidly without significant research to guide leaders in decision making and planning. Studying blended learning through the Implementation Stages framework developed by the SISEP Center allows educators to evaluate best practices for implementing this innovative instructional strategy and to determine necessary components for scaling the model. This qualitative case study at a Texas public high school offers a view of educators’ perceptions during the implementation of The University of Texas at Austin High School’s digital curriculum in a blended learning pilot. Three research questions drive this study: (1) What are educators’ perceptions of blended learning during installation and initial implementation stages? (2) How do educators define student success during blended learning implementation stages? (3) In which areas can educators’ perceptions during installation and initial implementation of blended learning inform district decisions regarding full implementation? The study incorporates a qualitative methodology built from a constructivist approach, recognizing the value of individuals’ meaning making processes to form a collective picture. Three data sources consisted of surveys, interviews, and document reviews. An organized process to code information into themes generated areas for focus while answering each research question with rich, thick description. The findings showed that educators discussed four key themes when reflecting on the blended learning implementation including (a) training and support, (b) aligned goals; (c) educator access; and (d) personnel and mindset. They revealed four themes for ways of defining student success consisting of (a) mastery of core standards; (b) student access; (c) learner personalization; and (d) 21st century skills. Four integrated themes emerged to guide district leaders in decision-making processes to determine whether to move forward with full implementation of the pilot project. These areas for focus include (a) power of the people; (b) aligned integration; (c) personalization pursuits; and (d) blended bandwagon. Although the case study district chose not to scale the pilot project to full implementation, the case offers insight into the processes and areas for focus in decisionmaking and guiding future research in the area of implementation of innovative programs and blended learning
Hamer, J., Congar, Y.: Die Konzilserklärung über die Religionsfreiheit
Creators: name: Kemper, Claus
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 17 Nr. 1 (1968): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 17, Heft 1
Playback experience driven cross layer optimisation of APP, transport and MAC layer for video clients over long-term evolution system
Creators: name: Huang, Xinyu
name: He, Lijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In traditional communication system, information of APP (Application) layer, transport layer and MAC (Media Access Control)layer has not been fully interacted,which inevitably leads to inconsistencies among TCP congestion state, clients'requirements and resource allocation. To solve the problem, we propose a joint optimization framework, which consists of APP layer, transport layer and MAC layer, to improve the video clients'playback experience and system throughput. First, a client requirement aware autonomous packet drop strategy, based on packet importance, channel condition and playback status, is developed to decrease the network load and the probability of rebuffering events. Further, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) state aware downlink and uplink resource allocation schemes are proposed to achieve smooth video transmission and steady ACK (Acknowledgement) feedback respectively. For downlink scheme, maximum transmission capacity requirement for each client is calculated based on feedback ACK information from transport layer to avoid allocating excessive resource to the client, whose ACK feedback is blocked due to bad uplink channel condition. For uplink scheme, information of RTO (Retransmission Timeout) and TCP congestion window are utilized to indicate ACK scheduling priority. The simulation results show that our algorithm can signficantly improve the system throughput and the clients'playback continuity with acceptable video quality.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
On the nature of EXO 0423.4-0840
Creators: name: Belsole, Elena
name: Birkinshaw, Mark
name: Worrall, Diana M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Chandra observation of the candidate BL Lac object EXO 0423.4-0840. The X-ray emission from EXO 0423.4-0840 is clearly extended, and is associated with an optical early-type galaxy, MCG-01-12-005, at the centre of cluster ClG 0422-09. We do not detect a point source which can be associated with a BL Lac, but we found a small radio source in the centre of MCG-01-12-005. The cluster gas temperature mapped by the Chandra observation drops continuously from 80 kpc towards the centre, and is locally single phase. We measure a metallicity profile which declines outwards with a value 0.8 Z_sun in the centre, dropping to 0.35 Z_sun at larger radius, which we interpret as a superposition of cluster gas and a dense interstellar medium (ISM) in the central galaxy. Although the temperature profile suggests that conduction is not efficient, the ISM and intra-cluster medium seem not to have mixed. The entropy profile declines continuously towards the centre, in agreement with recent results on groups and clusters. The radio source appears to have had some effect in terms of gas heating, as seen in the small scale (~10 kpc) entropy core, and the asymmetric hard emission on the same scale.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS the 14th December 2004. Figures 1b and 2 have slightly lower resolution. For full resolution figures see http://www.star.bris.ac.uk/elena/pubs.html
The Huiming Jing : a translation and discussion
Creators: name: Nicholson, James Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis consists primarily of a translation of the Huiming Jing [Chinese characters], a text written by Liu Huayang [Chinese characters] in 1794 that incorporates Taoist inner alchemical training with Buddhist language and concepts. In addition to the translation, the thesis discusses Liu's claim that in the text that he reveals the secrets that allowed the Buddhas and patriarchs to achieve enlightenment. For him, to reveal the secrets seems to mean primarily to explain Buddhist and Taoist terminology and concepts in terms of the circulation and interaction of energies within the body. He also emphasizes that this work of energies has clear stages that must be followed in sequence. However, while it is possible to discern broad stages in the work that Liu describes, on close examination, the obscurity and contradictions in the language seriously hinder attempts to decode, translate or render them fully coherent or intelligible. In the end, it is an ever-shifting play between order and disorder that characterizes our text, and can itself ultimately be understood as a tool intended to allow the adept to move beyond the world of words that can never fully reflect reality into a state of enlightenment.
First-time handling of different inhalers by chronic obstructive lung disease patients
Creators: name: Hadeer S. Harb
name: Laz, Nabila Ibrahim
name: Rabea, Hoda
name: Abdelrahim, Mohamed E. A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: There is a lack of guidance on inhaler device selection and how to individualize inhaler choice when prescribed for the first-time. Aim of the work: To compare different inhalers regarding ease of use and number of counseling attempts needed for correct handling in subjects with a first experience to such inhalers; also, to investigate if there is a correlation between total correct steps achievements and patient demographics/clinical variables. Method: An open-label, non-drug interventional, cross-over study was conducted including 180 Egyptian patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study evaluated handling of the most common inhalers in subjects with a first experience with them before hospital discharge. Subjects were randomized to handle 10 placebo inhalers including: [metered dose inhaler (pMDI), Aerolizer, Handihaler, Turbohaler, Diskus, Breezhaler, Ellipta, Easyhaler, Diskhaler, and Respimat] without receiving verbal or demonstrative instruction with allowable access to the patient information leaflets in native language supported by figures with enough time to read (baseline assessment). Subjects were then crossed-over to other inhalers with a first experience randomly. Inhalers with a reported past-experience were excluded. Inhaler-technique was assessed by using previously defined checklists, including essential steps and critical errors. The whole handling of the inhaler was demonstrated and the number of counseling attempts needed to correct handling was recorded. Patient demographics and clinical variables were recorded and correlated with correct handling steps. Results: The baseline percentages of total correct steps achievements as mean ± SD were 50 ± 19, 52 ± 16, 58 ± 14, 60 ± 17, 64 ± 10, 67 ± 16, 72 ± 17, 73 ± 11, 77 ± 14 and 86 ± 11% for Respimat, pMDI, Diskhaler, Diskus, Aerolizer, Handihaler, Easyhaler, Turbohaler, Breezhaler, and Ellipta respectively with p Conclusion: Inhalers techniques greatly vary in their ease of use (self-explaining) ranging from easy inhalers (Ellipta) to intermediate inhalers (breezhaler, Easyhaler, Turbohaler, Aerolizer, Handihaler, and Diskus) followed by the most difficult inhalers (pMDI, Diskhaler, and Respimat). That must be considered when prescribing inhalers for the first time; choice of the inhaler should, in part, be based on ease of use and to be accompanied by repeated counseling.
Kineverse: A Symbolic Articulation Model Framework for Model-Agnostic Mobile Manipulation
Creators: name: Röfer, Adrian
name: Bartels, Georg
name: Burgard, Wolfram
name: Valada, Abhinav
name: Beetz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.9
subject: 68T40

description: Service robots in the future need to execute abstract instructions such as "fetch the milk from the fridge". To translate such instructions into actionable plans, robots require in-depth background knowledge. With regards to interactions with doors and drawers, robots require articulation models that they can use for state estimation and motion planning. Existing frameworks model articulated connections as abstract concepts such as prismatic, or revolute, but do not provide a parameterized model of these connections for computation. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework that uses symbolic mathematical expressions to model articulated structures -- robots and objects alike -- in a unified and extensible manner. We provide a theoretical description of this framework, and the operations that are supported by its models, and introduce an architecture to exchange our models in robotic applications, making them as flexible as any other environmental observation. To demonstrate the utility of our approach, we employ our practical implementation Kineverse for solving common robotics tasks from state estimation and mobile manipulation, and use it further in real-world mobile robot manipulation.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, Published in: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters ( Volume: 7, Issue: 2, April 2022)
INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON THE LYMPHOID STRUCTURES OF THE SPLEEN
Creators: name: Makhmudova, Guljamol
name: Nurboboyev, Adkhambek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Starting from puberty, immunological changes in the spleen acquire an involutional character, which affects the palm, lymph nodes and border areas and is manifested by hypoplasia and white pulp delineation. The relative area of the B-zones of the white pulp of the spleen increases, as evidenced by the activation of T - and B-lymphocyte migration. This ensures the stability of the immune state during the initial aging of the body.The periarterial lymphoid junctions expand and stretch significantly with age. By 4-6 months, the total number of lymphoid nodules decreases, which often persist in the subcapsular region. At the age of 6-7 months, the number and size of red pulp sinusoids increases. During puberty, the relative number of lymphoid structures in the spleen begins to decrease.
The Shape-Alignment relation in $Λ$CDM Cosmic Structures
Creators: name: Basilakos, S.
name: Plionis, M.
name: Yepes, G.
name: Gottlöber, S.
name: Turchanino, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the supercluster - cluster morphological properties using one of the largest ($2\times 512^{3}$ SPH+N-body simulations of large scale structure formation in a $Λ$CDM model, based on the publicly available code GADGET. We find that filamentary (prolate-like) shapes are the dominant supercluster and cluster dark matter halo morphological feature, in agreement with previous studies. However, the baryonic gas component of the clusters is predominantly spherical. We investigate the alignment between cluster halos (using either their DM or baryonic components) and their parent supercluster major-axis orientation, finding that clusters show such a preferential alignment. Combining the shape and the alignment statistics, we also find that the amplitude of supercluster - cluster alignment increases although weakly with supercluster filamentariness.
description: Accepted for puplication in MNRAS, 10 pages, 15 figures
Abstract Congruence Criteria for Weak Bisimilarity
Creators: name: Tsampas, Stelios
name: Williams, Christian
name: Nuyts, Andreas
name: Devriese, Dominique
name: Piessens, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce three general compositionality criteria over operational semantics and prove that, when all three are satisfied together, they guarantee weak bisimulation being a congruence. Our work is founded upon Turi and Plotkin's mathematical operational semantics and the coalgebraic approach to weak bisimulation by Brengos. We demonstrate each criterion with various examples of success and failure and establish a formal connection with the simply WB cool rule format of Bloom and van Glabbeek. In addition, we show that the three criteria induce lax models in the sense of Bonchi et al.
Geometry of contact transformations and domains: orderability versus squeezing
Creators: name: Eliashberg, Yakov
name: Kim, Sang Seon
name: Polterovich, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D10, 53D40, 53D35, 53D50

description: Gromov's famous non-squeezing theorem (1985) states that the standard symplectic ball cannot be symplectically squeezed into any cylinder of smaller radius. Does there exist an analogue of this result in contact geometry? Our main finding is that the answer depends on the sizes of the domains in question: We establish contact non-squeezing on large scales, and show that it disappears on small scales. The algebraic counterpart of the (non)-squeezing problem for contact domains is the question of existence of a natural partial order on the universal cover of the contactomorphisms group of a contact manifold. In contrast to our earlier beliefs, we show that the answer to this question is very sensitive to the topology of the manifold. For instance, we prove that the standard contact sphere is non-orderable while the real projective space is known to be orderable. Our methods include a new embedding technique in contact geometry as well as a generalized Floer homology theory which contains both cylindrical contact homology and Hamiltonian Floer homology. We discuss links to a number of miscellaneous topics such as topology of free loops spaces, quantum mechanics and semigroups. An erratum is attached whose purpose is to is to correct a number of inconsistencies in the main paper. These are related to the grading of generalized Floer homology and do not affect formulations and proofs of the main results of the paper.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 28 October 2006 and includes the erratum published 1 February 2009
Tashkent mosaic as an asset for tourism development
Creators: name: Deniza, Alieva
name: Otabek, Abdubositov
name: Burieva Madina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: tourism
mosaic

description: Mosaic of Tashkent is an integral part of the unique image of the city and reflects values of different cultures. This study is aimed at studying the Tashkent Mosaic and determining its value as a tourist asset. In the course of the study, survey was conducted to determine the interest of local and foreign travelers for this object, and history that caused the creation of mosaic was studied. Furthermore mosaic locations that are scattered throughout the city were also studied and a convenient map was developed.
 This research also emphasized recommendations for attracting tourists to this asset and indicated the target audience of the created route.
Two-Loop Bhabha Scattering in QED
Creators: name: Bonciani, R.
name: Ferroglia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of pure QED, we obtain analytic expressions for the contributions to the Bhabha scattering differential cross section at order alpha^4 which originate from the interference of two-loop photonic vertices with tree-level diagrams and from the interference of one-loop photonic diagrams amongst themselves. The ultraviolet renormalization is carried out. The IR-divergent soft-photon emission corrections are evaluated and added to the virtual cross section. The cross section obtained in this manner is valid for on-shell electrons and positrons of finite mass, and for arbitrary values of the center of mass energy and momentum transfer. We provide the expansion of our results in powers of the electron mass, and we compare them with the corresponding expansion of the complete order alpha^4 photonic cross section, recently obtained in hep-ph/0501120. As a by-product, we obtain the contribution to the Bhabha scattering differential cross section of the interference of the two-loop photonic boxes with the tree-level diagrams, up to terms suppressed by positive powers of the electron mass. We evaluate numerically the various contributions to the cross section, paying particular attention to the comparison between exact and expanded results.
description: 35 pages, 18 figures
TESTING SCENARIOS ON THE VIABILITY OF SMALLHOLDING IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: A PARTICIPATORY AND INFORMATION-BASED APPROACH
Creators: name: Perret, Sylvain R.
name: Perret, Sylvain R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Farm Management
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Government smallholder irrigation schemes were developed in former homeland areas of South Africa during the apartheid era. Although experiencing serious financial, technical, and institutional problems, most of them are now earmarked for rehabilitation and transfer to water users' associations. Transfer operators find it difficult to evaluate the potential for viability, then to organize the transfer accordingly. The paper refers to a multi-disciplinary, action-research approach that has been proposed to address such issues. It has been implemented in a case study scheme management, the possible contributions by farmers to cover these costs, the possible charging system to be set up, and finally the impact of certain measures or decisions, or certain farmers' strategies on the financial viability of the scheme. The paper mainly presents and discusses some principles of the approach, especially the need for a sustained and multi-disciplinary partnership during scenario development and discussion, including farmers and transfer operators. Such an approach shows huge potential for information and decision-making support towards transfer operators, for training, and for farmers' participation.
DECISIONS ON LIVESTOCK KEEPING IN THE SEMI-ARID AREAS OF LIMPOPO PROVINCE
Creators: name: Ngqangweni, Simphiwe
name: Delgado, Christopher L.
name: Ngqangweni, Simphiwe
name: Delgado, Christopher L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: One of the central questions facing South African agricultural and rural policy makers is whether poor rural households would take opportunities afforded to them through increased public expenditures in these areas. This study spotlights the rural livestock sub-sector in the poor semi-arid areas of the Limpopo province and investigates the factors behind the decision by households to keep livestock and also the rationale to keep given herd sizes. It tests the central hypothesis that poor households would invest in livestock when there are opportunities for them to do so in the form of infrastructure and other support services. The study finds that these poor households indeed do respond positively in cases where there are such opportunities by investing in livestock. These findings illuminate the need for deliberate investments aimed at promoting agricultural (particularly livestock) growth, and thereby creating opportunities for sustainable livelihoods in these areas.
CREATING A CHAIN REACTION: THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE AGRICULTURAL INPUT INDUSTRY IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Esterhuizen, Dirk
name: Van Rooyen, C.J.
name: Esterhuizen, Dirk
name: Van Rooyen, C.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The South African agricultural industry is consistently challenged to increase its competitiveness. The agribusiness supply chain starts with the input sector. The objective of this paper is therefore to determine the competitiveness of the various agricultural input industries in South Africa by using Balassa's method of Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage. This status will then be related to performance of the agricultural industry as a whole. South African manufacturing of farming requisites as a whole are relative marginally competitive in the international arena. However, positive trends in competitiveness is observed. The agricultural machinery industries is not competitive but is improving. The fertilizer industries is becoming increasingly more competitive while in the pesticides industries there is a decrease in the ability to compete internationally. From 1995 there is a relatively high and positive correlation between the competitiveness of the input industry and the agro-food industry in South Africa. This relationship substantiated the claim that fundamentally the South African agricultural economy is more competitive today then a decade ago.
Negative temperature states as exact equilibrium solutions of the Wave Kinetic equation for one dimensional lattices
Creators: name: Onorato, M.
name: Dematteis, G.
name: Proment, D.
name: Pezzi, A.
name: Ballarin, M.
name: Rondoni, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict negative temperature states in the Discrete Nonlinear Schödinger equation as exact solutions of the associated Wave Kinetic equation. Those solutions are consistent with the classical thermodynamics formalism. Explicit calculation of the entropy as a function of the energy and number of particles is performed analytically. Direct numerical simulations of the DNLS equation are in agreement with theoretical results. We show that the key ingredient for observing negative temperatures in lattices is the boundedness of the dispersion relation in its domain. States with negative temperatures are characterized by an accumulation of particles and energy at wavenumber $k=π$.
Radio Linear and Circular Polarization from M81*
Creators: name: Brunthaler, Andreas
name: Bower, Geoffrey C.
name: Falcke, Heino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from archival Very Large Array (VLA) data and new VLA observations to investigate the long term behavior of the circular polarization of M81*, the nuclear radio source in the nearby galaxy M81. We also used the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association (BIMA) array to observe M81* at 86 and 230 GHz. M81* is unpolarized in the linear sense at a frequency as high as 86 GHz and shows variable circular polarization at a frequency as high as 15 GHz. The spectrum of the fractional circular polarization is inverted in most of our observations. The sign of circular polarization is constant over frequency and time. The absence of linear polarization sets a lower limit to the accretion rate of $10^{-7} M_\odot y^{-1}$. The polarization properties are strikingly similar to the properties of Sgr A*, the central radio source in the Milky Way. This supports the hypothesis that M81* is a scaled up version of Sgr A*. On the other hand, the broad band total intensity spectrum declines towards milimeter wavelengths which differs from previous observations of M81* and also from Sgr A*.
description: Astronomy & Astrophysics, minor changes, matching the published version, also available at http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/staff/abrunthaler/pub.shtml
Enabling 5G on the Ocean: A Hybrid Satellite-UAV-Terrestrial Network Solution
Creators: name: Li, Xiangling
name: Feng, Wei
name: Wang, Jue
name: Chen, Yunfei
name: Ge, Ning
name: Wang, Cheng-Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current fifth generation (5G) cellular networks mainly focus on the terrestrial scenario. Due to the difficulty of deploying communications infrastructure on the ocean, the performance of existing maritime communication networks (MCNs) is far behind 5G. This problem can be solved by using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as agile aerial platforms to enable on-demand maritime coverage, as a supplement to marine satellites and shore-based terrestrial based stations (TBSs). In this paper, we study the integration of UAVs with existing MCNs, and investigate the potential gains of hybrid satellite-UAV-terrestrial networks for maritime coverage. Unlike the terrestrial scenario, vessels on the ocean keep to sea lanes and are sparsely distributed. This provides new opportunities to ease the scheduling of UAVs. Also, new challenges arise due to the more complicated maritime prorogation environment, as well as the mutual interference between UAVs and existing satellites/TBSs. We discuss these issues and show possible solutions considering practical constraints.
RURAL FINANCE
Creators: name: Coetzee, Gerhard K.
name: Coetzee, Gerhard K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Rural financial intermediation faces several challenges, including, shortcomings and systematic weaknesses of rural financial markets, urban biased policies and poorly designed interventions not based on the realities of rural markets. Against this background the purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of some concepts of financial theory, the history of conventional approaches in rural financial markets, informal finance, the role of savings mobilization and a discussion on the new approach to rural financial markets. The aim is to present the building blocks essential to the understanding of rural financial markets. The roles of information, transaction costs and measurement of success are emphasized.
DECISIONS ON LIVESTOCK KEEPING IN THE SEMI-ARID AREAS OF LIMPOPO PROVINCE
Creators: name: Ngqangweni, Simphiwe
name: Delgado, Christopher L.
name: Ngqangweni, Simphiwe
name: Delgado, Christopher L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: One of the central questions facing South African agricultural and rural policy makers is whether poor rural households would take opportunities afforded to them through increased public expenditures in these areas. This study spotlights the rural livestock sub-sector in the poor semi-arid areas of Limpopo province and investigates the factors behind the decision by households to keep livestock and also the rationale to keep given herd sizes. It tests the central hypothesis that poor households would invest in livestock when there are opportunities for them to do so in the form of infrastructure and other support services. The study finds that these poor households indeed do respond positively in cases where there are such opportunities by investing in livestock. These findings illuminate the need for deliberate investments aimed at promoting agricultural (particularly livestock) growth, and thereby creating opportunities for sustainable livelihoods in these areas.
Why and when the Minkowski's stress tensor can be used in the problem of Casimir force acting on bodies embedded in media
Creators: name: Pitaevskii, L. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the criticism by Raabe and Welsch of the Dzyaloshinskii-Lifshitz-Pitaevskii theory of the van der Waals-Casimir forces inside a medium is based on misunderstandings. It is explained why and at which conditions one can use the ''Minkowski-like '' stress tensor for calculations of the forces. The reason, why approach of Raabe and Welsch is incorrect, is discussed.
description: Comment, 2 pages. 2 misprints were corrected
WEATHER DERIVATIVES: CONCEPT AND APPLICATION FOR THEIR USE IN SOUTH AFRICA
Creators: name: Geyser, J.M.
name: Geyser, J.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Recent innovations in energy markets suggest the possibility of addressing agricultural risk factors by issuing derivatives on weather elements. Such instruments appear particularly attractive, as asymmetric information and loss adjustment issues do not affect them. The paper first describes the concept, functioning and application of weather derivatives. It then examines the functioning and application of weather derivatives. It then examines the feasibility of rainfall derivatives to manage agricultural production risk in South Africa (SA) by evaluating the merits of rainfall options, and suggesting an option strategy, as a yield risk management tool. The use of rainfall derivatives in SA is likely to increase in future as capital markets, financial institutions, insurance companies, crop insurance companies and hedge funds collectively organize themselves to share and distribute weather risks.
A Role of Symmetries in Evaluation of Fundamental Bounds
Creators: name: Capek, Miloslav
name: Jelinek, Lukas
name: Masek, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A problem of the erroneous duality gap caused by the presence of symmetries is solved in this paper utilizing point group theory. The optimization problems are first divided into two classes based on their predisposition to suffer from this deficiency. Then, the classical problem of Q-factor minimization is shown in an example where the erroneous duality gap is eliminated by combining solutions from orthogonal sub-spaces. Validity of this treatment is demonstrated in a series of subsequent examples of increasing complexity spanning the wide variety of optimization problems, namely minimum Q-factor, maximum antenna gain, minimum total active reflection coefficient, or maximum radiation efficiency with self-resonant constraint. They involve problems with algebraic and geometric multiplicities of the eigenmodes, and are completed by an example introducing the selective modification of modal currents falling into one of the symmetry-conformal sub-spaces. The entire treatment is accompanied with a discussion of finite numerical precision, and mesh grid imperfections and their influence on the results. Finally, the robust and unified algorithm is proposed and discussed, including advanced topics such as the uniqueness of the optimal solutions, dependence on the number of constraints, or an interpretation of the qualitative difference between the two classes of the optimization problems.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables
ТУРЛИ ОМИЛЛАРНИНГ ТАЛОҚ ЛИМФОИД ТУЗИЛМАЛАРИГА ТАЪСИРИ
Creators: name: Турдиев, Машраб
name: Махмудова, Гулжамол
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Организмга шикастловчи омиллар таъсир кўрсатганда, талоқ оқ пульпасида кузатиладиган морфофункционал ўзгаришлар, талоқнинг белгиланган таъсирга иммун жавобининг табиати ва интенсивлигини аниқлашга имкон беради. Иммун жавоб вақтида қондаги антигенлар талоқ чегара соҳаси ва қизил пульпасида ушланади. Кейин улар макрофаглар томонидан оқ пульпанинг интердигитирловчи ҳужайралари юзасига ўтказилади. Қон оқимидаги лимфоцитлар асосан периартериал лимфтик муфталарда (Т-лимфоцитлар) ва лимфатик тугунчаларда (В-лимфоцитлар) тўпланади. Бирламчи иммун жавобда антитаначалар ишлаб чиқарадиган ҳужайралар аввал эллипсоид муфталарда, сўнгра қизил пульпада пайдо бўлади. Иккиламчи иммун жавобда лимфатик тугунчаларда кўпайиш марказлари шаклланади, уларда  В-лимфоцитлар ва хотира ҳужайралари клонлари ҳосил бўлади.
THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY BANKS IN SOUTH AFRICA: CAN IT CONTRIBUTE TO IMPOVE ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES FOR THE POOR?
Creators: name: Coetzee, Gerhard K.
name: Cross, Catherine
name: Coetzee, Gerhard K.
name: Cross, Catherine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Financial Economics
Food Security and Poverty

description: Community banking initiatives are defined in this paper as membership based decentralized and self-help financial institutions. Under this broad definition we discuss the informal variants of community banks, the rotating savings and credit association (or in South Africa better known as the stokvel), the more formalized village banks spreading throughout the country and the very formalized (defined in terms of legislation and registration requirements) institutions registered under the Mutual Banks Act of 1993. We show that the informal financial groups are changing in profile and mode of operation and we look at factors contributing to success and failure (CC - please expand here). The village banks started slowly since 1994 and then the concept received support after which the formation of new village banks mushroomed. At first this phenomena was handled as an "exemption" by the financial regulators and recently more serious consideration of the more formal inclusion of the concept in financial legislation was evident with its inclusion in the draft co-operatives legislation. The danger exists of too fast growth as these institutions are by nature savings-first institutions and experience shows that quick growth could lead to the formation of a weak institutional and collective base. Lastly we turn to the highly formalized structures; thus those registered under the Mutual Banks Act. We discuss the rise and demise of the Community Bank (the first bank to be registered under the Mutual Banks Act) and other registrations and their experiences. We conclude by highlighting the risks that must be attended to in supporting community banking, the vast potential of community banking and support measures that could help the growth of these institutions without distracting them from their essential focus and strength, self-help and self-organised.
The Construction of Gauge-Links in Arbitrary Hard Processes
Creators: name: Bomhof, C. J.
name: Mulders, P. J.
name: Pijlman, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions are described by hadronic matrix elements of bilocal products of field operators off the light-cone. These bilocal products contain gauge-links, as required by gauge-invariance. The gauge-links are path-ordered exponentials connecting the field operators along a certain integration path. This integration path is process-dependent, depending specifically on the short-distance partonic subprocess. In this paper we present the technical details needed in the calculation of the gauge-links and a calculational scheme is provided to obtain the gauge-invariant distribution and fragmentation correlators corresponding to a given partonic subprocess.
Will urinary biomarkers provide a breakthrough in diagnosing cardiac surgery-associated AKI? – A systematic review
Creators: name: Mohmmed Laique Hussain
name: Pousette Farouk Hamid
name: Ntema Chakane
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Introduction: Acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery is a dreaded complication contributing to early mortality. Diagnosing AKI using serum creatinine usually results in a delay. To combat this, certain kidney damage specific biomarkers were investigated to identify if they can serve as early predictors of cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI). This study systematically reviews three such biomarkers; NGAL, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7) to identify if they can serve as early predictors of CSA-AKI. Methods: Systematic search was carried out on literature reporting the diagnostic ability of the three biomarkers from databases in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results: We found 43 articles reporting urinary-NGAL levels (n = 34 in adults, n = 9 in children) and 10 studies reporting TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 levels among adults. Interestingly, NGAL showed high diagnostic value in predicting AKI in children (seven among nine studies with AUROC > 0.8). The cell cycle arrest biomarkers, namely TIMP-2 and IGFBP7, showed high diagnostic value in predicting AKI in adults (five among ten studies with AUROC > 0.8). Conclusion: In predicting CSA-AKI; the diagnostic value of NGAL is high in the paediatric population while the diagnostic value of TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 is high in adults.
Defective Majorana zero modes in non-Hermitian Kitaev chain
Creators: name: Zhao, Xiao-Ming
name: Guo, Cui-Xian
name: Kou, Su-Peng
name: Lin-Zhuang
name: Liu, Wu-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological stability is an important property for topological materials. However, the non-Hermitian effects may change this situation. Here, we investigate the robustness of edge states in the non-Hermitian Kitaev chain with imbalanced tunneling term and superconducting pairing term. By defining the similarity of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) and magnetic factor, the coalescing phase diagram of the MZMs and corresponding spin polarization phase diagram are provided. Because of the non-Hermitian coalescence effect and non-Hermitian suppression effect induced by the breakdown of sublattice symmetry and particle-hole symmetry, the system emergence very interesting phenomenons, such as defective MZMs, number-anomalous bulk-boundary correspondence, coalescing of many-body ground states, the magnetic phase crossover without gap closing. Those novel non-Hermitian effects offer fresh insights into MZMs and topological physics.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Moduli stacks of vector bundles on curves and the King-Schofield rationality proof
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H60 (Primary) 14E08 (Secondary)

description: This mainly expository text translates into stack language the proof of King and Schofield for the rationality of moduli schemes of vector bundles on a curve in the coprime case. An appendix summarizes some basic properties of the relevant moduli stacks.
description: 16 pages LaTeX, written in August 2004
ON THE EMPIRICAL FINDING OF A HIGHER RISK OF POVERTY IN RURAL AREAS: IS RURAL RESIDENCE ENDOGENOUS TO POVERTY?
Creators: name: Fisher, Monica G.
name: Fisher, Monica G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: endogeneity
subject: households
subject: instrumental variables
subject: poverty
subject: rural

description: Research shows households are more likely to be poor in rural versus urban America. Does this phenomenon partly reflect that people who choose rural residence have unmeasured attributes related to human impoverishment? To address this, two models are estimated using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data. A single equation Probit model of household poverty replicates the well-documented finding of higher poverty risk in rural places. However, a two-stage instrumental variables approach accounting for residential choice finds no measured effect of rural location on poverty. Results suggest failure to correct for endogenous rural residence leads to over-estimation of the "rural effect".