cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
GUARANTEED TENDER BEEF: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR A DIFFERENTIATED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT
Creators: name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: beef tenderness
subject: guaranteed tender beef
subject: imperfect testing
subject: niche marketing
subject: product differentiation
subject: quality uncertainty
subject: value-added agriculture

description: Participants in the beef supply chain have, at best, imperfect information about some quality attributes of the product (e.g., live animals, carcasses, or cuts) they are buying, handling, and/or processing and selling to their downstream customers. In many cases, the quality of the final product, destination, and/or appropriate handling or processing of the input is contingent on these unobservable quality attributes. Assessing the quality of an input is particularly important for firms that want to move into niche markets by differentiating their products with some attribute that consumers can only assess imperfectly prior to consumption (e.g., beef tenderness or breed). The success or failure of these ventures is often dependent on whether the selling firm is seen as dependable and trustworthy by its customers. This paper provides a summary and analysis of the literature on beef tenderness assessment and its use for classifying beef according to quality in order to cash in on the premiums consumers are willing to pay for guaranteed tender beef. Opportunities afforded by product quality differentiation are explored, and insights on the challenges of designing a classification system are provided. These challenges have led to the proposal of different thresholds by different authors. However, before any economically meaningful optimal threshold is proposed, two questions need to be clearly answered: What is the objective pursued by the system? and What are the relative consequences of rejecting a product that would have been considered tender by consumers versus certifying a product that will be considered noncompliant.
description: Replaced with revised copy September 28, 2004
The Dynamics of Carbon Sequestration and Alternative Carbon Accounting, with an Application to the Upper Mississippi River Basin
Creators: name: Feng, Hongli
name: Feng, Hongli
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: annual average carbon
subject: annualized carbon
subject: carbon sequestration
subject: ton-year carbon

description: Carbon sequestration is a temporal process in which carbon is continuously being stored/released over time. Different methods of carbon accounting can be used to account for this temporal nature, including annual average carbon, annualized carbon, and ton-year carbon. In this paper, starting by exposing the underlying connections among these methods, we examine how the comparisons of sequestration projects are affected by these methods and the major factors affecting them. We explore the empirical implications for carbon sequestration policies by applying these accounting methods to the Upper Mississippi River Basin, a large and important agriculture area in the United States. We find that the differences are significant in terms of the location of land that might be chosen and the distribution of carbon sequestration over the area, although the total amount of carbon sequestered does not differ considerably across programs that use different accounting methods or different values of the major factors.
Innovation at the State Level: Initial Effects of Welfare Reform in Iowa
Creators: name: Keng, Shao-Hsun
name: Garasky, Steven B.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Keng, Shao-Hsun
name: Garasky, Steven B.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: child support
subject: social assistance programs
subject: welfare reform

description: In 1993, the State of Iowa, through waivers, implemented reforms to its welfare program creating the Family Investment program (FIP), a program similar to the Federal Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program created in 1996. This paper examines the experiences of individuals and families who left FIP during the initial years. The program is designed to help FIP recipients achieve economic self-sufficiency. The analysis of linked state administrative record data and other local data shows that the Iowa experience has been relatively successful in supporting the transition of those leaving FIP. Almost three fourths of those leaving the program remained off for at least 12 months. Higher wage and child support collections were important factors in determining who would leave the program and their ability to stay off of public assistance. The food stamp program functions as a safety net and is an important income source for those who leave FIP. The success of moving people out of FIP in the long run requires finding low-income individuals a stable job and higher paid work.
A wolbachia infection model with free boundary
Creators: name: Liu, yunfeng
name: Guo, Zhiming
name: Smaily, Mohammad El
name: Wang, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K57, 35R35

description: Scientists have been seeking ways to use Wolbachia to eliminate the mosquitoes that spread human diseases. Could Wolbachia be the determining factor in controlling the mosquito-borne infectious diseases? To answer this question mathematically, we develop a reaction-diffusion model with free boundary in a one-dimensional environment. We divide the female mosquito population into two groups: one is the uninfected mosquito population that grows in the whole region while the other is the mosquito population infected with Wolbachia that occupies a finite small region and invades the environment with a spreading front governed by a free boundary satisfying the well-known one-phase Stefan condition. For the resulting free boundary problem, we establish criteria under which spreading and vanishing occur. Our results provide useful insights on designing a feasible mosquito releasing strategy to invade the whole mosquito population with Wolbachia infection and thus eventually eradicate the mosquito-borne diseases.
description: 31 pages
Non-collinear single-electron spin-valve transistors
Creators: name: Wetzels, Wouter
name: Bauer, Gerrit E. W.
name: Grifoni, Milena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study interaction effects on transport through a small metallic cluster connected to two ferromagnetic leads (a single-electron spin-valve transistor) in the "orthodox model" for the Coulomb blockade. The non-local exchange between the spin accumulation on the island and the ferromagnetic leads is shown to affect the transport properties such as the electric current and spin-transfer torque as a function of the magnetic configuration, gate voltage, and applied magnetic field.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Efficient CRL distribution using multicasting and unicasting
Creators: name: Wang, Hansen Min Heng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Communication costs in providing certificate status information to those who wish to validate public key certificates have been cited as the most expensive component of operating a large scale Public Key Infrastructure. One mechanism for providing certificate status information is a Certificate Revocation List (CRL). This thesis proposes a system for cost effective distribution of CRLs using a combination of multicasting and unicasting. The proposed system for CRL distribution calls for periodic and aperiodic multicasting of Delta CRLs to reduce network bandwidth requirements and peak CRL request rates in unreliable networks. An analytical model and a simulation model are used to compare the network bandwidth requirements of the proposed system against a system which uses only unicasting for CRL distribution. Results show that the proposed MCA system which multicasts Delta CRLs aperiodically requires significantly less network bandwidth and reduces peak CRL request rates. For an example network, the communication cost of the MCA system is 89% less than that of the system which only uses unicasting. The communication costs for the MCA system is also less sensitive to the location of the CRL Repository. The MCA system may be retrofitted to legacy client programs which may only obtain CRLs using unicasting.
Calibration and Validation of SWAT for the Upper Maquoketa River Watershed
Creators: name: Kanwar, Ramesh S.
name: Reungsang, Pipat
name: Jha, Manoj K.
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Ahmad, Khalil
name: Saleh, Ali
name: Kanwar, Ramesh S.
name: Reungsang, Pipat
name: Jha, Manoj K.
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Ahmad, Khalil
name: Saleh, Ali
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: calibration
subject: modeling
subject: nitrate
subject: SWAT
subject: validation
subject: water quality

description: A validation study has been performed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with data collected for the Upper Maquoketa River Watershed (UMRW), which drains over 16,000 ha in northeast Iowa. This validation assessment builds on a previous study with nested modeling for the UMRW that required both the Agricultural Policy EXtender (APEX) model and SWAT. In the nested modeling approach, edge-of-field flows and pollutant load estimates were generated for manure application fields with APEX and were then subsequently routed to the watershed outlet in SWAT, along with flows and pollutant loadings estimated for the rest of the watershed routed to the watershed outlet. In the current study, the entire UMRW cropland area was simulated in SWAT, which required translating the APEX subareas into SWAT hydrologic response units (HRUs). Calibration and validation of the SWAT output was performed by comparing predicted flow and NO3-N loadings with corresponding in-stream measurements at the watershed outlet from 1999 to 2001. Annual stream flows measured at the watershed outlet were greatly under-predicted when precipitation data collected within the watershed during the 1999-2001 period were used to drive SWAT. Selection of alternative climate data resulted in greatly improved average annual stream predictions, and also relatively strong r2 values of 0.73 and 0.72 for the predicted average monthly flows and NO3-N loads, respectively. The impact of alternative precipitation data shows that as average annual precipitation increases 19%, the relative change in average annual streamflow is about 55%. In summary, the results of this study show that SWAT can replicate measured trends for this watershed and that climate inputs are very important for validating SWAT and other water quality models.
Additional file 2 of Keywords reflecting sepsis presentation based on mode of emergency department arrival: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Wallgren, Ulrika Margareta
name: Larsson, Eric
name: Su, Anna
name: Short, Jennifer
name: Järnbert-Pettersson, Hans
name: Kurland, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: (PDF). Prevalence of primary keywords. The prevalence of primary keywords in the entire sample of septic patients presenting to Södersjukhuset’s emergency department during 2013 and prevalence based on mode of arrival.
U.S. Universities' Net Returns from Patenting and Licensing: A Quantile Regression Analysis
Creators: name: Bulut, Harun
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Bulut, Harun
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Bayh-Dole Act
subject: quantile regression
subject: returns to innovation
subject: skewed distributions
subject: technology transfer
subject: university patents

description: In line with the rights and incentives provided by the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, U.S. universities have increased their involvement in patenting and licensing activities through their own technology transfer offices. Only a few U.S. universities are obtaining large returns, however, whereas others are continuing with these activities despite negligible or negative returns. We assess the U.S. universities' potential to generate returns from licensing activities by modeling and estimating quantiles of the distribution of net licensing returns conditional on some of their structural characteristics. We find limited prospects for public universities without a medical school everywhere in their distribution. Other groups of universities (private, and public with a medical school) can expect significant but still fairly modest returns only beyond the 0.9th quantile. These findings call into question the appropriateness of the revenue-generating motive for the aggressive rate of patenting and licensing by U.S. universities.
Further Results on Strict Lyapunov Functions for Rapidly Time-Varying Nonlinear Systems
Creators: name: Mazenc, Frederic
name: Malisoff, Michael
name: de Queiroz, Marcio S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34D20

description: We explicitly construct global strict Lyapunov functions for rapidly time-varying nonlinear control systems. The Lyapunov functions we construct are expressed in terms of oftentimes more readily available Lyapunov functions for the limiting dynamics which we assume are uniformly globally asymptotically stable. This leads to new sufficient conditions for uniform global exponential, uniform global asymptotic, and input-to-state stability of fast time-varying dynamics. We also construct strict Lyapunov functions for our systems using a strictification approach. We illustrate our results using a friction control example.
description: 10 pages, 0 figues, revised and accepted for publication as a regular paper in Automatica in May 2006. To appear in October 2006 issue
Analysis of historical meteor and meteor shower records: Korea, China, and Japan
Creators: name: Yang, Hong-Jin
name: Park, Changbom
name: Park, Myeong-Gu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have compiled and analyzed historical Korean meteor and meteor shower records in three Korean official history books, Samguksagi which covers the three Kingdoms period (57 B.C -- A.D. 935), Goryeosa of Goryeo dynasty (A.D. 918 -- 1392), and Joseonwangjosillok of Joseon dynasty (A.D. 1392 -- 1910). We have found 3861 meteor and 31 meteor shower records. We have confirmed the peaks of Perseids and an excess due to the mixture of Orionids, north-Taurids, or Leonids through the Monte-Carlo test. The peaks persist from the period of Goryeo dynasty to that of Joseon dynasty, for almost one thousand years. Korean records show a decrease of Perseids activity and an increase of Orionids/north-Taurids/Leonids activity. We have also analyzed seasonal variation of sporadic meteors from Korean records. We confirm the seasonal variation of sporadic meteors from the records of Joseon dynasty with the maximum number of events being roughly 1.7 times the minimum. The Korean records are compared with Chinese and Japanese records for the same periods. Major features in Chinese meteor shower records are quite consistent with those of Korean records, particularly for the last millennium. Japanese records also show Perseids feature and Orionids/north-Taurids/Leonids feature, although they are less prominent compared to those of Korean or Chinese records.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Icarus
Additional file 1 of Nurses’ perceptions of factors influencing treatment engagement among patients with cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review
Creators: name: Rashidi, Amineh
name: Whitehead, Lisa
name: Kaistha, Prachi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
On quantum and classical Poisson algebras
Creators: name: Grabowski, Janusz
name: Poncin, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Results on derivations and automorphisms of some quantum and classical Poisson algebras, as well as characterizations of manifolds by the Lie structure of such algebras, are revisited and extended. We prove in particular somehow unexpected fact that the algebras of linear differential operators acting on smooth sections of two real vector bundles of rank 1 are isomorphic as Lie algebras if and only if the base manifolds are diffeomorphic, independently whether the line bundles themselves are isomorphic or not.
description: 13 pages
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE USDA FOOD INSECURITY INDEX
Creators: name: Opsomer, Jean D.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Nusser, Sarah M.
name: Drignei, Dorin
name: Amemiya, Yasuo
name: Opsomer, Jean D.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Nusser, Sarah M.
name: Drignei, Dorin
name: Amemiya, Yasuo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This paper reviews the statistical properties of the model used to obtain estimates of the prevalence and severity of poverty-linked food insecurity and hunger in the United States. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has annually sponsored data collection efforts to obtain information on food insecurity and hunger since 1995. The assessment of household food insecurity is based on a one-parameter logistic item response model, also referred to as a Rasch model, and applied to a series of 18 questions reported in the Current Population Survey Food Security Module. The paper was used as the basis for discussions concerning future directions of research on the food insecurity measure. This report was originally released in July 1999.
ACORNS: An Easy-To-Use Code Generator for Gradients and Hessians
Creators: name: Desai, Deshana
name: Shuchatowitz, Etai
name: Jiang, Zhongshi
name: Schneider, Teseo
name: Panozzo, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The computation of first and second-order derivatives is a staple in many computing applications, ranging from machine learning to scientific computing. We propose an algorithm to automatically differentiate algorithms written in a subset of C99 code and its efficient implementation as a Python script. We demonstrate that our algorithm enables automatic, reliable, and efficient differentiation of common algorithms used in physical simulation and geometry processing.
Production Risk and the Estimation of Ex Ante Cost Functions
Creators: name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: cost function
subject: duality
subject: expected profit maximization
subject: nonlinear errors-invariables
subject: stochastic production

description: Cost function estimation under production uncertainty is problematic because the relevant cost is conditional on unobservable expected output. If input demand functions are also stochastic, then a nonlinear errors-in-variables model is obtained and standard estimation procedures typically fail to attain consistency. But by exploiting the full implications of the expected profit maximization hypothesis that gives rise to ex ante cost functions, it is shown that the errors-in-variables problem can be effectively removed, and consistent estimation of the parameters of interest can be achieved. A Monte Carlo experiment illustrates the advantages of the proposed procedure as well as the pitfalls of other existing estimators.
Inflation With Realistic Supersymmetric SO(10)
Creators: name: Kyae, Bumseok
name: Shafi, Qaisar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We implement inflation within a realistic supersymmetric SO(10) model in which the doublet-triplet splitting is realized through the Dimopoulos-Wilczek mechanism, the MSSM $μ$ problem is resolved, and higgsino mediated dimension five nucleon decay is heavily suppressed. The cosmologically unwanted topological defects are inflated away, and from $δT/ T$, the $B-L$ breaking scale is estimated to be of order $10^{16}-10^{17}$ GeV. Including supergravity corrections, the scalar spectral index $n_s = 0.99\pm 0.01$, with $|dn_s/ d{\rm ln}k| \lapproxeq 10^{-3}$.
description: 1+18 pages, 3 figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
The Choice of Tillage, Rotation, and Soil Testing Practices: Economic and Environmental Implications
Creators: name: Wu, JunJie
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Lakshminarayan, P.G.
name: Wu, JunJie
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Lakshminarayan, P.G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: conservation tillage
subject: rotation
subject: soil N testing
subject: corn yield
subject: fertilizer use
subject: soil erosion
subject: the polychotomous-choice selectivity model

description: Which management practices farmers adopt has a significant effect on agricultural pollution. Research has analyzed factors influencing adoption of a single management practice. But often adoption decisions about many practices are made simultaneously, which suggests use of a polychotomous-choice model to analyze decisions. We apply such a model to the choice of alternative management practices on cropland in the Central Nebraska Basin and control for self-selection and the interaction among alternative practices. We use the results of the choice model to estimate the economic and environmental effect so adopting alternative combinations of management practices. Our results suggest that crop rotation and soil N testing are complementary practices, perhaps because soil N testing enables farmers to properly credit eh N fixed by legume crops. As a result, farmers who adopted both rotation and soil N testing achieved greater profits from corn production while decreasing N fertilizer use than farmers who only adopted one of the practices. Also, farmers who adopted both rotation and soil N testing achieved greater profits from corn production while decreasing N fertilizer use than farmers who only adopted one of the practices. Also, farmers who adopted both conservation tillage and crop rotation reduce their average soil erosion rates, but not their N fertilizer rate, as compared with farmers who adopted only one of the practices. Our findings demonstrate the importance of conducting joint analysis of alternative farm management practices.
Additional file 3 of Keywords reflecting sepsis presentation based on mode of emergency department arrival: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Wallgren, Ulrika Margareta
name: Larsson, Eric
name: Su, Anna
name: Short, Jennifer
name: Järnbert-Pettersson, Hans
name: Kurland, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: (PDF). Prevalence of combined keywords. The prevalence of combined keywords in the entire sample of septic patients presenting to Södersjukhuset´s emergency department during 2013 and prevalence based on mode of arrival.
Electrocaloric response in Lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate ceramics
Creators: name: Asbani, B.
name: Marssi, M. El
name: Dellis, J. -L.
name: Lahmar, A.
name: Gagou, Y.
name: Mezzane, D.
name: Amjoud, M.
name: Alimoussa, A.
name: Kutnjak, Z.
name: Pirc, R.
name: Rožič, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent findings of a large electrocaloric (EC) effect in polymeric and inorganic ferroelectric materials open a potential possibility of development of solid-state cooling or heating devices of new generation with better energy efficiency that may be less harmful for the environment. We investigate by using direct measurements, the temperature and electric field dependence of the electrocaloric response in Pb1-xLax(ZryTi1-y)1-x/4O3 bulk ceramics (PLZT) with x=0.06 and 0.12. Here, the properties of the EC response were probed in a part of the PLZT composition phase diagram with low y=0.40 composition, in which the EC effect was not previously studied. Measurement results show the existence of the sizeable EC response in 12/40/60 PLZT sample with the EC temperature change (ΔTEC) of 2.92 K at 430 K and 80 kV/cm. This value exceeds previously obtained ΔTEC values in relaxor ferroelectric x/65/35 PLZT compositions and rivaling the best EC response in lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate ceramics. The electrocaloric responsivity (ΔT/ΔE) value of 0.41x10-6 Km/V determined at a lower electric field of 20 kV/cm and 410 K is comparable to those observed in other perovskite ferroelectrics.
Characterizing Distributions of Class III Milk Prices: Implications for Risk Management
Creators: name: Wang, Dabin
name: Tomek, William G.
name: Wang, Dabin
name: Tomek, William G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: hedging
subject: marketing strategies
subject: milk futures
subject: milk prices
subject: risk management

description: Descriptive statistics and time-series econometric models are used to characterize the behavior of monthly fluid milk prices. Prices in April, May and June appear to be more variable than those in subsequent months, and the spring-time prices are perhaps skewed. Econometric models can capture the historical behavior of spot prices, but forecasts converge to the marginal distribution of the sample prices in about six months. Futures prices for Class III milk have the expected time-to-maturity effect and converge to the respective monthly distributions of the cash prices at contract maturity (as they must, since the contracts are cash settled). Thus, econometric models and futures quotes provide similar information about price behavior at contract maturity. Routine hedges in futures, especially those made four or more months prior to maturity, reduce the variance of returns, but over a period of years, lock-in an "average" return. While econometric models and futures quotes provide imprecise forecasts, they can be used in conjunction with historical data to determine whether expected prices are high relative to past experience. This may assist with making decisions about selective hedging. Likewise, historical evidence may be useful in evaluating expected returns from the use of put options. Results from simple hedging strategies using either futures or puts are illustrated, but more work is needed to evaluate "optimal" portfolios for dairy farmers.
Expansion of China's Cities and Agricultural Production
Creators: name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Deng, Xiangzheng
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Uchida, Emi
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Deng, Xiangzheng
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Uchida, Emi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: In China, there is a growing debate on the role of cultivated land conversion on food security. This paper examines the changes of the area of cultivated land and its potential agricultural productivity in China using satellite images. We find that between 1986 and 2000, China recorded a net increase of cultivated land (+1.9%), which almost offset the decrease in average potential productivity, or bioproductivity (-2.2%). Therefore, we conclude that conversion of cultivated land did not hurt China's national food security. We also show that more recent change in cultivated area also should have little adverse effect on food security.
COOPERATIVE FORMATION AND FINANCIAL CONTRACTING IN AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
Creators: name: Hueth, Brent
name: Marcoul, Philippe
name: Ginder, Roger G.
name: Hueth, Brent
name: Marcoul, Philippe
name: Ginder, Roger G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: We use historical variation in the market share of agricultural cooperatives to examine the nature of the cooperative firm. Our data include the share of sectoral output accounted for by cooperative firms across 15 commodity sectors during the period 1930-2002. We test a simple financial contracting model where the cooperative firm is viewed as a particular implementation of "monitored credit" (or "informed intermediation"). Controlling for sectoral and year effects, we find support for the main prediction of our model with a positive and statistically significant relationship between cooperative market share and real annual lending rates.
Market Strategies for a Tobacco Bio-Pharming Application: The Case of Gaucher's Disease Treatment
Creators: name: Kostandini, Genti
name: Mills, Bradford F.
name: Kostandini, Genti
name: Mills, Bradford F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Small firms developing biotechnology applications often focus on establishing intellectual property rights, which can then be sold to more established firms with existing market chains. This paper explores the expected 'Buyout' price and economic surplus changes for an emerging bio-pharming application with transgenic tobacco. The results suggest a 'Buyout' price of about $1.75 billion. Yet despite this potentially large payout to the innovating firm, consumers also see significant surplus gains.
Factors Influencing Lease Revenue and Non-industrial Landowners' Willingness to allow Hunting Access
Creators: name: Hussain, Anwar
name: Munn, Ian A.
name: Loden, Emily K.
name: Grado, Stephen C.
name: Jones, Daryl W.
name: Hussain, Anwar
name: Munn, Ian A.
name: Loden, Emily K.
name: Grado, Stephen C.
name: Jones, Daryl W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Marginal lands
subject: Mississippi
subject: Incentive programs
subject: Recreation
subject: Wildlife enterprises

description: Despite the fact that earnings associated with selling hunting leases could significantly contribute to landowners' incomes, only a small minority of them allow access on their lands for a fee. Based on a sample survey of Mississippi state landowners, we analyzed landowners' willingness to participate in supplying leases as well as factors influencing lease revenue per fee acre. While landowners' decision to allow hunting access and factors influencing lease revenue per acre were jointly modeled consistent with Heckman's analysis of sample selectivity bias, the hunting lease revenue function was specified in accordance with Rosen's hedonic pricing theory. Empirical results showed landowners' concerns about control over their land, loss of privacy and damage to property, and accident liability insurance reduced their willingness to allow hunting access; and, in contrast, increase in total land holding, race and residential location increased the probability of participation. With regards to factors explaining differences in lease revenue per fee acre, analysis showed that location, expertise in managing fee hunting enterprise, provision of services, and certain wildlife habitats account for systematic variations in lease revenues. These findings have implications for landowners' management of their lands, the design of extension programs, and public agencies engaged in the provision of natural resource based recreation.
Magnetic Fields in Starburst Galaxies and The Origin of the FIR-Radio Correlation
Creators: name: Thompson, Todd A.
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Waxman, Eli
name: Murray, Norman
name: Martin, Crystal L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate minimum energy magnetic fields (B_min) for a sample of galaxies with measured gas surface densities, spanning from normal spirals to starbursts. We show that the ratio of the minimum energy magnetic pressure to the total pressure in the ISM decreases substantially with increasing surface density; for Arp 220 this ratio is ~10^-4. Therefore, if the minimum energy estimate is applicable, magnetic fields in starbursts are dynamically weak compared to gravity, in contrast to normal spiral galaxies. We argue, however, that rapid cooling of relativistic electrons in starbursts invalidates the minimum energy estimate. We critically assess a number of independent constraints on the magnetic field strength in starbursts. In particular, we argue that the existence of the FIR-radio correlation implies that the synchrotron cooling timescale for cosmic ray electrons is much shorter than their escape time from the galactic disk; this in turn implies that the true magnetic field in starbursts is significantly larger than B_min. The strongest argument against such large fields is that one might expect starbursts to have steep radio spectra indicative of strong synchrotron cooling, which is not observed. We show, however, that ionization and bremsstrahlung losses can flatten the nonthermal spectra of starburst galaxies even in the presence of rapid cooling, providing much better agreement with observed spectra. We further demonstrate that ionization and bremsstrahlung losses are likely to be important in shaping the radio spectra of most starbursts at GHz frequencies, thereby preserving the linearity of the FIR-radio correlation. We thus conclude that magnetic fields in starbursts are significantly larger than B_min. We highlight several observations that can test this conclusion.
description: 13 pages, emulateapj, 4 figures, 3 tables, submitted to ApJ
The Effectiveness of Mandatory and Voluntary Water-Use Restrictions
Creators: name: Halich, Greg
name: Stephenson, Kurt
name: Hilmer, Christiana E.
name: Halich, Greg
name: Stephenson, Kurt
name: Hilmer, Christiana E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Local water suppliers are increasingly faced with implementing policies to address temporary water shortages. This analysis estimates the reductions in residential water-use from the implementation of voluntary and mandatory water-use restrictions programs in Virginia. The level of information and enforcement was found to have a significant influence on the magnitude of water use reductions.
Modelling the second wave of COVID-19 infections in France and Italy via a Stochastic SEIR model
Creators: name: Faranda, Davide
name: Alberti, Tommaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: COVID-19 has forced quarantine measures in several countries across the world. These measures have proven to be effective in significantly reducing the prevalence of the virus. To date, no effective treatment or vaccine is available. In the effort of preserving both public health as well as the economical and social textures, France and Italy governments have partially released lockdown measures. Here we extrapolate the long-term behavior of the epidemics in both countries using a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) model where parameters are stochastically perturbed to handle the uncertainty in the estimates of COVID-19 prevalence. Our results suggest that uncertainties in both parameters and initial conditions rapidly propagate in the model and can result in different outcomes of the epidemics leading or not to a second wave of infections. Using actual knowledge, asymptotic estimates of COVID-19 prevalence can fluctuate of order of ten millions units in both countries.
Additional file 4 of Keywords reflecting sepsis presentation based on mode of emergency department arrival: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Wallgren, Ulrika Margareta
name: Larsson, Eric
name: Su, Anna
name: Short, Jennifer
name: Järnbert-Pettersson, Hans
name: Kurland, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: (PDF). Prevalence of keywords exceeding 20% based on mode of arrival and age group. A comparison of prevalence of all keywords* exceeding 20% among septic patients presenting to Södersjukhuset´s emergency department during 2013, based on mode of arrival AND age group.
Polyelectrolyte-induced peeling of charged multilamellar vesicles
Creators: name: Ramos, Laurence
name: Vivares, Edith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study mixtures of charged surfactants, which alone in solution form uni- and multilamellar vesicles, and oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (PEs). The phase behavior is investigated at fixed surfactant concentration as a function of the PE-to-surfactant charge ratio $x$. We find that, for $x>0$, aggregates form. Light microscopy and X-ray scattering experiments show that the isoelectric point plays a crucial role since the morphology and the microscopic structure of the aggregates are different before ($x\leq1$) and after the isoelectric point ($x>1$). To better understand the dynamics for the formation of PE/surfactant complexes, we perform light microscopy experiments where we follow in real-time the effect of a PE solution on one multilamellar vesicle (MLV). We find that the PE induces a peeling of the bilayers of the MLV one by one. The peeling is accompanied by strong shape fluctuations of the MLV and leads ultimately to a pile of small aggregates. This novel phenomenon is analyzed in detail and discussed in terms of PE-induced tension, and pore formation and growth in a surfactant bilayer.
description: to appear in Langmuir
Calculation of frequency-dependent parameters of power cables with digital images and partial subconductors
Creators: name: Rivas, Richard A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis work presents the development of a general-purpose cable-parameter algorithm which uses digital images to discretize the cable geometry and the partial subconductor equivalent circuit method to estimate the cable parameters. The idea of the proposed geometry discretization technique is to draw the cable geometry, or scan its photograph, and to use this digital image (pixel map) to automatically identify the spatial coordinates of the square-shaped (pixel-shaped) partial subconductors into which the different conductors can be subdivided. Image resolution, penetration depth, edge detection, as well as area and geometric mean distance error reduction techniques are then used to reduce the dimensions of the problem and improve the accuracy of the results. The idea of the partial subconductors method is to transform the system of conductors into an equivalent network of subconductors. A set of coupled circuit equations represents the equivalent network, and "bundling techniques" are used to obtain the parameters of the cable system. These "bundling techniques" transform the equations of the subconductors into the equations of the conductors by row and column operations. Since the number of subconductors increases noticeably with the frequency, an algorithm to partition the impedance matrices is proposed. The proposed methodology adapts itself to the physical memory of the computer, thus allowing the program to partition the partial subconductor impedance matrices when their sizes exceed the available physical memory. Coaxial cables, buried cables, and sector-shaped cables are studied with the proposed technique, and the results are compared with those obtained from the analytic method, the finite element method, and Ametani's approximate method.
Read what you need: Controllable Aspect-based Opinion Summarization of Tourist Reviews
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Rajdeep
name: Peruri, Hari Chandana
name: Vishnu, Uppada
name: Goyal, Pawan
name: Bhattacharya, Sourangshu
name: Ganguly, Niloy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3

description: Manually extracting relevant aspects and opinions from large volumes of user-generated text is a time-consuming process. Summaries, on the other hand, help readers with limited time budgets to quickly consume the key ideas from the data. State-of-the-art approaches for multi-document summarization, however, do not consider user preferences while generating summaries. In this work, we argue the need and propose a solution for generating personalized aspect-based opinion summaries from large collections of online tourist reviews. We let our readers decide and control several attributes of the summary such as the length and specific aspects of interest among others. Specifically, we take an unsupervised approach to extract coherent aspects from tourist reviews posted on TripAdvisor. We then propose an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) based extractive technique to select an informative subset of opinions around the identified aspects while respecting the user-specified values for various control parameters. Finally, we evaluate and compare our summaries using crowdsourcing and ROUGE-based metrics and obtain competitive results.
description: 4 pages, accepted in the Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), 2020
Architecture of optimal transport networks
Creators: name: Durand, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the structure of networks minimizing the global resistance to flow (or dissipated energy) with respect to two different constraints: fixed total channel volume and fixed total channel surface area. First, we determine the shape of channels in such optimal networks and show that they must be straight with uniform cross-sectional areas. Then, we establish a relation between the cross-sectional areas of adjoining channels at each junction. Indeed, this relation is a generalization of Murray's law, originally established in the context of local optimization. Moreover, we establish a relation between angles and cross-sectional areas of adjoining channels at each junction, which can be represented as a vectorial force balance equation, where the force weight depends on the channel cross-sectional area. A scaling law between the minimal resistance value and the total volume or surface area value is also derived from the analysis. Furthermore, we show that no more than three or four channels meet in one junction of optimal bi-dimensional networks, depending on the flow profile (e.g.: Poiseuille-like or plug-like) and the considered constraint (fixed volume or surface area). In particular, we show that sources are directly connected to wells, without intermediate junctions, for minimal resistance networks preserving the total channel volume in case of plug flow regime. Finally, all these results are illustrated with a simple example, and compared with the structure of natural networks.
Hydrodynamics of core-collapse supernovae and their progenitors
Creators: name: Müller, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-dimensional fluid flow plays a paramount role in the explosions of massive stars as core-collapse supernovae. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) simulations of these phenomena have matured significantly. Considerable progress has been made towards identifying the ingredients for shock revival by the neutrino-driven mechanism, and successful explosions have already been obtained in a number of self-consistent 3D models. These advances also bring new challenges, however. Prompted by a need for increased physical realism and meaningful model validation, supernova theory is now moving towards a more integrated view that connects multi-dimensional phenomena in the late convective burning stages prior to collapse, the explosion engine, and mixing instabilities in the supernova envelope. Here we review our current understanding of multi-D fluid flow in core-collapse supernovae and their progenitors. We start by outlining specific challenges faced by hydrodynamic simulations of core-collapse supernovae and of the late convective burning stages. We then discuss recent advances and open questions in theory and simulations.
description: Invited review article for Living Reviews in Computational Astrophysics. 100 pages, 15 figures
Cartel Pricing with Entry: the Experience of the Far West Marketing Order for Spearmint
Creators: name: Balagtas, Joseph Valdes
name: Masters, William J.
name: Zimmer, Timothy
name: Balagtas, Joseph Valdes
name: Masters, William J.
name: Zimmer, Timothy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper documents the remarkable experience of the Far West mint producers in the operation of their marketing order. From 1993 to 2002, the marketing order witnessed a dramatic reduction its share of the Scotch spearmint market, as well as a reduction in both its price. We apply a model of a cartel facing a competitive fringe to describe the fall in the marketing order price as a logical consequence of increased world production of spearmint oil. We estimate an econometric model of the marketing order price and find that a 1-percent change in the marketing order's market share corresponds to a 0.8 percent change in the marketing order price.