Xylopia cupularis Mildbr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 56 1921
Creators: name: Couvreur, Thomas L. P.
name: Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J.
name: Crozier, Francoise
name: Ghogue, Jean-Paul
name: Hoekstra, Paul H.
name: Kamdem, Narcisse G.
name: Johnson, David M.
name: Murray, Nancy A.
name: Sonke, Bonaventure
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Xylopia
Xylopia cupularis

description: Xylopia cupularis Mildbr., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 56, 1921 Fig. 143; Map 17F = Xylopia gilviflora Exell, J. Bot. 73 (Suppl. 1): 4, 1935. Type. Angola. Cabinda, Buco Zau, Mayumbe, <i>Gossweiler J. 6933</i>, 15 Jan 1917: holotype: BM; isotypes: B[100153140]; COI[00004882]; LISC[LISC000308, LISC000309, LISC000310, LISC000311, LISC000312, LISC000313, LISC000314, LISC000315, LISC000316]. = Xylopia chrysophylla Louis ex Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État 21: 108, 1951. Type. Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tshopo, Yangambi, <i>Louis J. 4309</i>, Jun 1937: holotype: BR[BR0000024941518]; isotypes: BR[0000008824752]; MO[1639095, 3007016]; NY[00066781]; US[2091336]. Type. Cameroon. East Region; Deng-Deng, <i>Mildbraed G.W.J. 8649</i>, Mar 1914: holotype B[B 10 0153141]; isotype: BM[fragment]. Description. Tree, up to 35 m tall, d.b.h. up to 50 cm; <b>buttresses present, small.</b> Old branches glabrous, young branches glabrous to pubescent, with fine appressed hairs 0.1-0.3 mm long. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, sparsely pubescent, slightly grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; <b>blade 4.6-7.8 cm long</b>, 1.3-2.4 cm wide, lanceolate to elliptic or elliptic-oblong, apex acuminate, acumen 0.6-1.1 cm long, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, usually asymmetrical, papyraceous, <b>below sparsely to densely golden-sericeous (appressed) when young</b>, sparsely pubescent to densely pubescent when old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib slightly raised, above glabrous to sparsely pubescent when young, glabrous when old, below pubescent when young and old; secondary veins 10 to 15 pairs, glabrous above; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on young foliate branches, axillary, peduncle rarely present, up to ca. 4 mm long. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 to 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 5-12 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, sparsely pubescent; in fruit 6-15 mm long, 3-10 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 2, towards the middle of pedicel, ca. 2 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, <b>1/2-3/4 fused, forming a cup, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide</b>, broadly ovate, apex acute to obtuse, base truncate, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; petals free, subequal; outer petals 3, 15.5-36 mm long, 2.2-3.4 mm wide at base, linear to linear-lanceolate, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow to cream, sericeous outside, pubescent inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 13.5-17.7 mm long, 2.4-3.5 mm wide at base, linear, apex acute, base broad and concave, yellow to cream, pubescent with glabrous base on both surfaces; stamens 160 to 200, in 5 to 6 rows, 1-2 mm long, oblong; connective apex shield-like, glabrous; carpels 12 to 20, ovary ca. 1 mm long, 3.5-3.8 mm long, stigmas connivent, filiform, 2.5-2.8 mm long, pubescent. Monocarps stipitate, stipe 5-24 mm long, 2-5 mm in diameter; <b>monocarps 11 to 18</b>, 23-54 mm long, 14-19 mm wide, obovoid to oblongoid, apex rounded, glabrous, verrucose and wrinkled when dried, reddish green outside, endocarp pink to dark red; seeds 6 to 8 per monocarp, <b>in two rows</b>, 10-13 mm long, 6-10 mm wide, ellipsoid; <b>sarcotesta glaucous blue or gray; aril absent.</b> Distribution. A widespread species across Central Africa, from southeastern Nigeria to northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and south to Angola; in Cameroon known from the East, South, Littoral and South-West regions. Habitat. An uncommon species in lowland rain forest, semi-deciduous forest, forest-savanna edges, and secondary forest. Altitude 50-800 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. odjobi (Yaoundé, <i>Mbarga 1940</i>). IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Harvey-Brown 2019i). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. <i>Xylopia cupularis</i> is distinctive among African <i>Xylopia</i> species in its combination of small acuminate leaves, often asymmetrical at the base, with golden appressed pubescence below, relatively long pedicels, sepals fused into a cup-shaped calyx, and the numerous monocarps, which are usually distinctly stipitate. It is often a large tree, and thus may be infrequently collected. Specimens examined. <b>East Region</b>: IK 30 Road Mintom 1 (70 km E de Djoum)- Alati (100 km SE de Djoum), 2.83°N, 13.35°E, <i>08 January 1973</i>, <i>Letouzey R.</i> 11801 (P,WAG); 21 km ENE of Moloundou-Nguilili Chantier, 2.05°N, 15.17°E, <i>10 March 1975</i>, <i>Mbenkum T.F.</i> 310 (P,YA); Deng Deng, 5.2°N, 13.52°E, <i>01 March 1914</i>, <i>Mildbraed G.W.J.</i> 8649 (B). <b>Littoral Region</b>: 6 km NE of Dibombe a village on km 11 of Loum-Yabassi road, 4.68°N, 9.816°E, <i>26 May 1972</i>, <i>Leeuwenberg A.J.M.</i> 9915 (WAG,YA); Douala (route Razel), 4.02°N, 9.71°E, <i>Mbarga A.</i> 58 (P,YA). <b>South Region</b>: 30 km east from Lélé village, 2.27°N, 13.29°E, <i>09 September 2013</i>, <i>Couvreur T.L.P.</i> 485 (WAG,YA). <b>South-West Region</b>: Likomba-Pflanzung 15-35 km NE von Victoria [Limbe], 4.09°N, 9.33°E, <i>01 November 1928</i>, <i>Mildbraed G.W.J.</i> 10629 (A,K); Mount Mabeta peninsula Mabeta, 3.98°N, 9.233°E, <i>19 October 1997</i>, <i>Tchouto Mbatchou G.P.</i> 1756 (MO).
description: Published as part of <i>Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. &amp; Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207</i> on pages 454-457, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432
description: {"references": ["Harvey-Brown, Y, 2019i. Xylopia cupularis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T137022000A149069158. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T137092047A137112194.en"]}