cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Making society climate-resilient: international progress under the Global Framework for Climate Services
Creators: name: Hewitt, Chris
name: Allis, Erica
name: Mason, Simon J.
name: Muth, Meredith
name: Pulwarty, Roger
name: Schumake-Guillemot, Joy
name: Bucher, Anna
name: Brunet, Manola
name: Fischer, Claude
name: Michiko Hama, Angela
name: Kolli, Rupa Kumar
name: Lucio, Filipe
name: Ndiaye, Ousmane
name: Tapia, Barbara
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Climatic changes
Climatic changes--Risk management
Climatic changes--Information services
Climate change mitigation

description: There is growing awareness among governments, businesses, and the general public of risks arising from changes to our climate on time scales from months through to decades. Some climatic changes could be unprecedented in their harmful socioeconomic impacts, while others with adequate forewarning and planning could offer benefits. There is therefore a pressing need for decision-makers, including policy-makers, to have access to and to use high-quality, accessible, relevant, and credible climate information about the past, present, and future to help make better-informed decisions and policies. We refer to the provision and use of such information as climate services. Established programs of research and operational activities are improving observations and climate monitoring, our understanding of climate processes, climate variability and change, and predictions and projections of the future climate. Delivering climate information (including data and knowledge) in a way that is usable and useful for decision-makers has had less attention, and society has yet to optimally benefit from the available information. While weather services routinely help weather-sensitive decision-making, similar services for decisions on longer time scales are less well established. Many organizations are now actively developing climate services, and a growing number of decision-makers are keen to benefit from such services. This article describes progress made over the past decade developing, delivering, and using climate services, in particular from the worldwide effort galvanizing around the Global Framework for Climate Services under the coordination of UN agencies. The article highlights challenges in making further progress and proposes potential new directions to address such challenges.
title: Αριθμητική μέθοδος πεπερασμένων διαφορών συμπαγών σχημάτων για την επίλυση ελλειπτικών προβλημάτων σε αρχιτεκτονικές δικτυακών υπολογισμών
Creators: name: Αποστόλου Αντώνης
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2012

description:  Εισαγωγή -- 2. Συμπαγείς προσεγγίσεις τέταρτης τάξης -- Επαναληπτική επίλυση σε δικτυακά υπολογιστικά περιβάλλοντα -- 4. Υλοποίηση και μελέτη της συμπεριφοράς του παράλληλου αλγόριθμου
Land Fraction Diversity on Earth-like Planets and Implications for their Habitability
Creators: name: Höning, Dennis
name: Spohn, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A balanced ratio of ocean to land is believed to be essential for an Earth-like biosphere and one may conjecture that plate-tectonics planets should be similar in geological properties. After all, the volume of continental crust evolves towards an equilibrium between production and erosion. If the interior thermal states of Earth-sized exoplanets are similar to the Earth's, one might expect a similar equilibrium between continental production and erosion to establish and, hence, a similar land fraction. We will show that this conjecture is not likely to be true. Positive feedback associated with the coupled mantle water - continental crust cycle may rather lead to a manifold of three possible planets, depending on their early history: a land planet, an ocean planet and a balanced Earth-like planet. In addition, thermal blanketing of the interior by the continents enhances the sensitivity of continental growth to its history and, eventually, to initial conditions. Much of the blanketing effect is however compensated by mantle depletion in radioactive elements. A model of the long-term carbonate-silicate cycle shows the land and the ocean planet to differ by about 5 K in average surface temperature. A larger continental surface fraction results both in higher weathering rates and enhanced outgassing, partly compensating each other. Still, the land planet is expected to have a substantially dryer, colder and harsher climate possibly with extended cold deserts in comparison with the ocean planet and with the present-day Earth. Using a model of balancing water availability and nutrients from continental crust weathering, we find the bioproductivity and the biomass of both the land and ocean planet to be reduced by a third to half of Earth's. The biosphere on these planets might not be substantial enough to produce a supply of free oxygen.
Linking the Internal Properties of Infant Globular Clusters to their Formation Environments
Creators: name: Phipps, Frederika
name: Khochfar, Sadegh
name: Varri, Anna Lisa
name: Vecchia, Claudio Dalla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of infant globular cluster (GC) candidates in high-resolution cosmological simulations from the First Billion Years (FiBY) project. By analysing the evolution of the systems in the energy and angular momentum plane, we identify the redshift at which the infant GCs first became gravitationally bound, and we find evidence of radial infall of their gaseous and stellar components. The collapse appears to be driven by internal self-gravity, however, the initial trigger is sourced from the external environment. The phase space behaviour of the infant GCs also allows us to identify some characteristic groupings of objects. Such a classification based on internal properties appears to be reflected in the formation environment: GC candidates that belong to the same class are found in host galaxies of similar morphology, with the majority of the infant GCs located in clumpy, irregular proto-galaxies. Finally, through the inspection of two GC candidates that contain only stars by z = 6, we find that supernova feedback is the main physical mechanism behind their dearth of gas and that the systems subsequently respond with an approximately adiabatic expansion. Such infant GC candidates already resemble the GCs we currently observe in the local Universe.
description: 17 pages, 12 Figures, Accepted by MNRAS
The height invariant of a four-parameter semitoric system with two focus-focus singularities
Creators: name: Alonso, Jaume
name: Hohloch, Sonja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37J05, 37J15, 37J35, 53D20, 70H05, 70H06

description: Semitoric systems are a special class of completely integrable systems with two degrees of freedom that have been symplectically classified by Pelayo and Vu Ngoc about a decade ago in terms of five symplectic invariants. If a semitoric system has several focus-focus singularities, then some of these invariants have multiple components, one for each focus-focus singularity. Their computation is not at all evident, especially in multi-parameter families. In this paper, we consider a four-parameter family of semitoric systems with two focus-focus singularities. In particular, apart from the polygon invariant, we compute the so-called height invariant. Moreover, we show that the two components of this invariant encode the symmetries of the system in an intricate way.
description: 35 pages, 12 figures
Optimal control of the transmission rate in compartmental epidemics
Creators: name: Freddi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49J45, 37N25, 92D30

description: We introduce a general system of ordinary differential equations that includes some classical and recent models for the epidemic spread in a closed population without vital dynamic in a finite time horizon. The model is vectorial, in the sense that it accounts for a vector valued state function whose components represent various kinds of exposed/infected subpopulations, with a corresponding vector of control functions possibly different for any subpopulation. In the general setting, we prove well-posedness and positivity of the initial value problem for the system of state equations and the existence of solutions to the optimal control problem of the coefficients of the nonlinear part of the system, under a very general cost functional. We also prove the uniqueness of the optimal solution for a small time horizon when the cost is superlinear in all control variables with possibly different exponents in the interval (1,2]. We consider then a linear cost in the control variables and study the singular arcs. Full details are given in the case n=1 and the results are illustrated by the aid of some numerical simulations.
description: Accepted by Mathematical Control and Related Fields
Torsion homology of arithmetic lattices and K2 of imaginary fields
Creators: name: Emery, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study upper bounds for the torsion in homology of nonuniform arithmetic lattices. Together with recent results of Calegari-Venkatesh, this can be used to obtain upper bounds on K2 of the ring of integers of totally imaginary fields.
description: Version 2 is a major update. Result for S-integers added. This allows to show case d=2 (imaginary quadratic fields) and d=4 in Theorem 1.3, previously excluded. 12 pages (previously 6)
title: Ενίσχυση υποστηλωμάτων παλαιών κτιρίων με ινοπλισμένα πολυμερή - διερεύνηση της βελτίωσης της περίσφιγξης
Creators: name: Λάγιου Μαρία Ι.
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2012

description: Κεφ. 1: Ενίσχυση υφιστάμενων κατασκευών -- Κεφ. 2: ΚΑΝ.ΕΠΕ.: αποτίμηση και ανασχεδιασμός -- Κεφ. 3: Ινοπλισμένα σύνθετα υλικά -- Κεφ. 4: Περίσφιγξη σκυροδέματος -- Κεφ. 5: Μοντέλο περίσφιγξης BGL -- Κεφ. 6: Αποτίμηση υφιστάμενου φορέα -- Κεφ. 7: Ενίσχυση υφιστάμενου φορέα με ΙΟΠ - αύξηση πλαστιμότητας -- Κεφ. 8: Ενίσχυση υφιστάμενου φορέα με ΙΟΠ - κάμψη και περίσφιγξη
Physics-regularized neural network of the ideal-MHD solution operator in Wendelstein 7-X configurations
Creators: name: Merlo, Andrea
name: Böckenhoff, Daniel
name: Schilling, Jonathan
name: Lazerson, Samuel Aaron
name: Pedersen, Thomas Sunn
name: team, the W7-X
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The computational cost of constructing 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibria is one of the limiting factors in stellarator research and design. Although data-driven approaches have been proposed to provide fast 3D MHD equilibria, the accuracy with which equilibrium properties are reconstructed is unknown. In this work, we describe an artificial neural network (NN) that quickly approximates the ideal-MHD solution operator in Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) configurations. This model fulfils equilibrium symmetries by construction. The MHD force residual regularizes the solution of the NN to satisfy the ideal-MHD equations. The model predicts the equilibrium solution with high accuracy, and it faithfully reconstructs global equilibrium quantities and proxy functions used in stellarator optimization. We also optimize W7-X magnetic configurations, where desiderable configurations can be found in terms of fast particle confinement. This work demonstrates with which accuracy NN models can approximate the 3D ideal-MHD solution operator and reconstruct equilibrium properties of interest, and it suggests how they might be used to optimize stellarator magnetic configurations.
description: 47 pages, 28 figures, published in Nuclear Fusion
Association of Optical, Ultraviolet and Soft X-ray excess Emissions in AGNs
Creators: name: Nour, D.
name: Sriram, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft X-ray emission (0.5--2.0 keV) plays a pivotal role in regulating the optical and UV emission in the AGNs. We collected a sample of 1811 AGNs from the SDSS database and obtained various parameters of Balmer lines, optical continuum, MgII line \& UV continuum and studied their dependencies on soft X-ray luminosity. Based on the linear regression analysis, we found that FWHM$_{\text{MgII}}$ $\propto$ FWHM$_{\text{H}β}^{0.554}$ suggesting that UV emission is arising from a region relatively outside the broad line region (BLR) associated to the H$β$ emission and found a strong correlation between optical and UV luminosities (L$_{\text{MgII}}$ $\propto$ L$_{\text{H}β}^{0.822}$). It was noticed that the dependency of optical continuum luminosities on soft excess changes with the redshift (L$_{\text{X}}$ $\propto$ L$^{0.596}_{5100\textÅ}$ for z < 0.5 and L$_{\text{X}}$ $\propto$ L$^{0.429}_{5100\textÅ}$ for z > 0.5). The FWHM components of H$β$ and MgII core components were found to be virialized and is not affected by the soft excess emission whereas the wings of MgII display a dependency. We estimated a relation viz. L$_{\text{X}}$ $\propto$L$^{0.520}_{3000\textÅ}$ FWHM$^{0.525}_{\text{MgII}}$ and found to be well in agreement with a proposed physical scenario. All the derived relations were used to understand the inter-modulating association of the BLR and disc in the AGNs.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
[Welt und Umwelt der Bibel Heft 30/2003 / Antike Welt Heft 5/2003 / Latein und Griechisch in Berlin und Brandenburg Heft 3/2003…]
Creators: name: Rabl, Josef
Publisher: name: Forum Classicum
Year: 2017

description: -
description: Forum Classicum, Nr. 1 (2004): Forum Classicum
Searches for heavy Higgs bosons in the framework of 2HDM model
Creators: name: Obikhod, Tetiana
name: Petrenko, Ievgenii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The searches for heavy neutral and charged Higgs bosons are performed through the calculations of production cross sections using MadGraph5aMC@NLO program with ansatz of Yukawa coupling and the restricted parameter space connected with LHC Run 2 data. The searches for heavy resonances are performed in the framework of 2HDM model over the mass range 0.1 - 1 TeV for the $pp\rightarrow At\bar{b}$, $pp\rightarrow H^{+}b\bar{t}$ , $pp\rightarrow H^{+}t\bar{t}$ , $pp\rightarrow HHZ$ decay modes. The presented data demonstrate the jump in the production cross section of $H^{+} b\bar{t}$ and $HHZ$ production processes in the mass range of 100-200 GeV and 100-300 GeV accordingly at energy of 14 TeV.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Charge transport in pn and npn junctions of silicene
Creators: name: Yamakage, Ai
name: Ezawa, Motohiko
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate charge transport of pn and npn junctions made from silicene, Si analogue of graphene. The conductance shows the distinct gate-voltage dependences peculiar to the topological and non-topological phases, where the topological phase transition is caused by external electric field. Namely, the conductance is suppressed in the np regime when the both sides are topological, while in the nn regime when one side is topological and the other side is non-topological. Furthermore, we find that the conductance is almost quantized to be 0, 1 and 2. Our findings will open a new way to nanoelectronics based on silicene.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
Deep learning delay coordinate dynamics for chaotic attractors from partial observable data
Creators: name: Young, Charles D.
name: Graham, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A common problem in time series analysis is to predict dynamics with only scalar or partial observations of the underlying dynamical system. For data on a smooth compact manifold, Takens theorem proves a time delayed embedding of the partial state is diffeomorphic to the attractor, although for chaotic and highly nonlinear systems learning these delay coordinate mappings is challenging. We utilize deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) to learn discrete discrete time maps and continuous time flows of the partial state. Given training data for the full state, we also learn a reconstruction map. Thus, predictions of a time series can be made from the current state and several previous observations with embedding parameters determined from time series analysis. The state space for time evolution is of comparable dimension to reduced order manifold models. These are advantages over recurrent neural network models, which require a high dimensional internal state or additional memory terms and hyperparameters. We demonstrate the capacity of deep ANNs to predict chaotic behavior from a scalar observation on a manifold of dimension three via the Lorenz system. We also consider multivariate observations on the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, where the observation dimension required for accurately reproducing dynamics increases with the manifold dimension via the spatial extent of the system.
„Cottidie peius“? Anmerkungen zur Besprechung von LATEIN MIT FELIX Band 1 von Günther Hoffmann (FC 3/2003 S. 170-174)
Creators: name: Absch, Dietmar
Publisher: name: Forum Classicum
Year: 2017

description: -
description: Forum Classicum, Nr. 1 (2004): Forum Classicum
WALLABY Pilot Survey: HI gas kinematics of galaxy pairs in cluster environment
Creators: name: Kim, Shin-Jeong
name: Oh, Se-Heon
name: Wang, Jing
name: Staveley-Smith, Lister
name: Koribalski, Bärbel S.
name: Kim, Minsu
name: Park, Hye-Jin
name: Kim, Shinna
name: Spekkens, Kristine
name: Westmeier, Tobias
name: Wong, O. Ivy
name: Meurer, Gerhardt R.
name: Kamphuis., Peter
name: Catinella, Barbara
name: McQuinn, Kristen B. W.
name: Bigiel, Frank
name: Holwerda, Benne W.
name: Rhee, Jonghwan
name: Lee-Waddell, Karen
name: Deg, Nathan
name: Verdes-Montenegro, Lourdes
name: For, Bi-Qing
name: Madrid, Juan P.
name: Dénes, Helga
name: Elagali, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the HI gas kinematics of galaxy pairs in two clusters and a group using Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) WALLABY pilot survey observations. We compare the HI properties of galaxy pair candidates in the Hydra I and Norma clusters, and the NGC 4636 group, with those of non-paired control galaxies selected in the same fields. We perform HI profile decomposition of the sample galaxies using a tool, {\sc baygaud} which allows us to de-blend a line-of-sight velocity profile with an optimal number of Gaussian components. We construct HI super-profiles of the sample galaxies via stacking of their line profiles after aligning the central velocities. We fit a double Gaussian model to the super-profiles and classify them as kinematically narrow and broad components with respect to their velocity dispersions. Additionally, we investigate the gravitational instability of HI gas disks of the sample galaxies using Toomre Q parameters and HI morphological disturbances. We investigate the effect of the cluster environment on the HI properties of galaxy pairs by dividing the cluster environment into three subcluster regions (i.e., outskirts, infalling and central regions). We find that the denser cluster environment (i.e., infalling and central regions) is likely to impact the HI gas properties of galaxies in a way of decreasing the amplitude of the kinematically narrow HI gas ($M_{\rm{narrow}}^{\rm{HI}}$/$M_{\rm{total}}^{\rm{HI}}$), and increasing the Toomre Q values of the infalling and central galaxies. This tendency is likely to be more enhanced for galaxy pairs in the cluster environment.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 25 pages, 20 figures. Supplementary material included (20 pages)
A Categorical Quantum Toroidal Action on Hilbert Schemes
Creators: name: Zhao, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14D20

description: We categorify the commutation of Nakajima's Heisenberg operators $P_{\pm 1}$ and their infinitely many counterparts in the quantum toroidal algebra $U_{q_1,q_2}(\ddot{gl_1})$ acting on the Grothendieck groups of Hilbert schemes. By combining our result with arxiv:1804.03645 , one obtains a geometric categorical $U_{q_1,q_2}(\ddot{gl_1})$ action on the derived category of Hilbert schemes. Our main technical tool is a detailed geometric study of certain nested Hilbert schemes of triples and quadruples, through the lens of the minimal model program, by showing that these nested Hilbert schemes are either canonical or semi-divisorial log terminal singularities.
description: V2:typos fixed. 29 pages
Giant Magnetochiral Anisotropy in Weyl-semimetal WTe2 Induced by Diverging Berry Curvature
Creators: name: Yokouchi, Tomoyuki
name: Ikeda, Yuya
name: Morimoto, Takahiro
name: Shiomi, Yuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of Berry curvature is essential for various transport phenomena. However, an effect of the Berry curvature on magnetochiral anisotropy, i.e. nonreciprocal magneto-transport, is still elusive. Here, we report the Berry curvature originates the large magnetochiral anisotropy. In Weyl-semimetal WTe2, we observed the strong enhancement of the magnetochiral anisotropy when the Fermi level is located near the Weyl points. Notably, the maximal figure of merit $\barγ$ reaches $1.2\,{\times}10^{-6} \rm{m^2T^{-1}A^{-1}}$, which is the largest ever reported in bulk materials. Our semiclassical calculation shows that the diverging Berry curvature at the Weyl points strongly enhances the magnetochiral anisotropy.
description: 26 pages
Homotopy limits in type theory
Creators: name: Avigad, Jeremy
name: Kapulkin, Chris
name: Lumsdaine, Peter LeFanu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; F.4.1
subject: 03B70, 55U35

description: Working in homotopy type theory, we provide a systematic study of homotopy limits of diagrams over graphs, formalized in the Coq proof assistant. We discuss some of the challenges posed by this approach to formalizing homotopy-theoretic material. We also compare our constructions with the more classical approach to homotopy limits via fibration categories.
description: 33 pages; v3: theorem numbering changed since v2 to match journal version
Recidivism Reconsidered: Preserving the Community Justice Mission of Community Corrections
Creators: name: Butts, Jeffrey A.
name: Schiraldi, Vincent N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Criminal justice, Administration of
Recidivism
Community-based corrections

description: In the following discussion, we describe the logical and practical problems that arise when recidivism is used as the principal outcome measure for community corrections agencies. We recognize that recidivism will always be a feature of justice policy and practice. Recidivism offers a simple and familiar outcome measure for judging the effectiveness of justice interventions. Pointing out the logical flaws of recidivism will not diminish its salience for audiences disinclined to question its utility. Our purpose in this discussion is not to end the use of recidivism as a justice system measure but to illustrate its limits and to encourage the development and use of more suitable measures — namely, positive outcomes related to the complex process of criminal desistance.
Photon Ring Autocorrelations
Creators: name: Hadar, Shahar
name: Johnson, Michael D.
name: Lupsasca, Alexandru
name: Wong, George N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the presence of a black hole, light sources connect to observers along multiple paths. As a result, observed brightness fluctuations must be correlated across different times and positions in black hole images. Photons that execute multiple orbits around the black hole appear near a critical curve in the observer sky, giving rise to the photon ring. In this paper, a novel observable is proposed: the two-point correlation function of intensity fluctuations on the photon ring. This correlation function is analytically computed for a Kerr black hole surrounded by stochastic equatorial emission, with source statistics motivated by simulations of a turbulent accretion flow. It is shown that this two-point function exhibits a universal, self-similar structure consisting of multiple peaks of identical shape: while the profile of each peak encodes statistical properties of fluctuations in the source, the locations and heights of the peaks are determined purely by the black hole parameters. Measuring these peaks would demonstrate the existence of the photon ring without resolving its thickness, and would provide estimates of black hole mass and spin. With regular monitoring over sufficiently long timescales, this measurement could be possible via interferometric imaging with modest improvements to the Event Horizon Telescope.
description: 31 pages, 3 figures. v2: published version. v3: minor corrections, summarized in an appendix; conclusions essentially unchanged
Torsional dark energy in quadratic gauge gravity
Creators: name: van de Venn, Armin
name: Vasak, David
name: Kirsch, Johannes
name: Struckmeier, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Covariant Canonical Gauge theory of Gravity (CCGG) is a gauge field formulation of gravity which a priori includes non-metricity and torsion. It extends the Lagrangian of Einstein's theory of general relativity by terms at least quadratic in the Riemann-Cartan tensor. This paper investigates the implications of metric compatible CCGG on cosmological scales. For a totally anti-symmetric torsion tensor we derive the resulting equations of motion in a Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) Universe. In the limit of a vanishing quadratic Riemann-Cartan term, the arising modifications of the Friedmann equations are shown to be equivalent to spatial curvature. Furthermore, the modified Friedmann equations are investigated in detail in the early and late times of the Universe's history. It is demonstrated that in addition to the standard $Λ$CDM behaviour of the scale factor, there exist novel time dependencies, emerging due to the presence of torsion and the quadratic Riemann-Cartan term. Finally, at late times, we present how the accelerated expansion of the Universe can be understood as a geometric effect of spacetime through torsion, rendering the introduction of a cosmological constant redundant. In such a scenario it is possible to compute an expected value for the parameters of the postulated gravitational Hamiltonian/Lagrangian and to provide a lower bound on the vacuum energy of matter.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures; updated to published version
Versteckt hinter Bäumen - Schloss Königsbach. Die behutsame Instandsetzung von zwei Wirtschaftsgebäuden
Creators: name: Baer-Schneider, Claudia
Publisher: name: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege
Year: 2017

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 46, Nr. 1 (2017)
Room-temperature multiferroicity in GaFeO$_3$ thin film grown on (100)Si substrate
Creators: name: Goswami, Sudipta
name: Mishra, Shubhankar
name: Dana, Kausik
name: Mandal, Ashok Kumar
name: Dey, Nitai
name: Pal, Prabir
name: Satpati, Biswarup
name: Mukhopadhyay, Mrinmay
name: Ghosh, Chandan Kumar
name: Bhattacharya, Dipten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Room-temperature magnetoelectric multiferroicity has been observed in c-axis oriented GaFeO$_3$ thin films (space group $Pna2_1$), grown on economic and technologically important (100)Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique. Structural analysis and comprehensive mapping of Ga:Fe ratio across a length scale range of 10$^4$ reveal coexistence of epitaxial and chemical strain. It induces formation of finer magnetic domains and large magnetoelectric coupling - decrease in remanent polarization by $\sim$21\% under $\sim$50 kOe. Magnetic force microscopy reveals presence of both finer ($<$100 nm) and coarser ($\sim$2 $μ$m) magnetic domains. Strong multiferroicity in epitaxial GaFeO$_3$ thin films, grown on (100)Si substrate, brighten the prospect of their integration with Si-based electronics and could pave the way for development of economic and more efficient electromechanical, electrooptic or magnetoelectric sensor devices.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in J. Appl. Phys
Assessing the physical reality of Milky Way open cluster candidates
Creators: name: Piatti, A. E.
name: Illesca, D. M. F.
name: Massara, A. A.
name: Chiarpotti, M.
name: Roldán, D.
name: Morón, M.
name: Bazzoni, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results on the analysis of eleven new Milky Way open cluster candidates, recently discovered from the detection of stellar overdensities in the Vector Point diagram, by employing extreme deconvolution Gaussian mixture models. We treated these objects as real open clusters and derived their fundamental properties with their associated intrinsic dispersions by exploring the parameter space through the minimization of likelihood functions on generated synthetic colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). The intrinsic dispersions of the resulting ages turned out to be much larger than those usually obtained for open clusters. Indeed, they resemble those of ages and metallicities of composite star field populations. We also traced their stellar number density profiles and mass functions, derived their total masses, Jacobi and tidal radii, which helped us as criteria while assessing their physical nature as real open clusters. Because the eleven candidates show a clear gathering of stars in the proper motion plane and some hint for similar distances, we concluded that they are possibly sparse groups of stars.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Reconsidering the "Violent Offender"
Creators: name: Austin, James
name: Schiraldi, Vincent N.
name: Western, Bruce P.
name: Dwivedi, Anamika
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Criminal justice, Administration of
subject: Violent offenders
subject: Violence
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Demonizing people as violent has perpetuated policies rooted in fear rather than fact. In this paper, we break from the tradition of punitiveness toward people convicted of violent offenses and argue that the violent offender label breaches the principle of parsimony, distorts proportionality, and fails as a predictive tool for future violent behavior. The label disproportionately affects people of color—black and Hispanic people comprise larger shares of people incarcerated for violent offenses in state prisons than white people. In short, the violent offender label offers little to criminal justice policy. Instead, justice policy should focus on those who actually commit violence, mitigate responses based on the experience of violent victimization, and discount the violent offender label as predictive of future violence.
Off-axis Aberrations Improve the Resolution Limits of Incoherent Imaging
Creators: name: Liang, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of off-axis tilt and Petzval curvature, two of the lowest-order off-axis Seidel aberrations, is shown to improve the Fisher information of two-point separation estimation in an incoherent imaging system compared to an aberration-free system. Our results show that the practical localization advantages of modal imaging techniques within the field of quantum-inspired superresolution can be achieved with direct imaging measurement schemes alone.
Hyperbolicity of maximal entropy measures for certain maps isotopic to Anosov
Creators: name: Álvarez, Carlos F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D35, 37D30

description: We prove the hyperbolicity of ergodic maximal entropy measures for a class of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms of $\mathbb{T}^{d}$, which have a compact two-dimensional center foliation.
Using 1-Jettiness to Measure 2 Jets in DIS 3 Ways
Creators: name: Kang, Daekyoung
name: Lee, Christopher
name: Stewart, Iain W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict cross sections in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) for the production of two jets---one along the proton beam direction created by initial state radiation (ISR) and another created by final state radiation after the hard collision. Our results include fixed order corrections and a summation of large logarithms up to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy in resummed perturbation theory. We make predictions for three versions of a DIS event shape 1-jettiness, each of which constrains hadronic final states to be well collimated into two jets along the beam and final-state jet directions, but which differ in their sensitivity to the transverse momentum of the ISR from the proton beam. We use the tools of soft collinear effective theory (SCET) to derive factorization theorems for these three versions of 1-jettiness. The sensitivity to the ISR gives rise to significantly different structures in the corresponding factorization theorems---for example, dependence on either the ordinary or the generalized kperp-dependent beam function. Despite the differences among 1-jettiness definitions, we show that the leading nonperturbative correction that shifts the tail region of their distributions is given by a single universal nonperturbative parameter Omega1, even accounting for hadron mass effects. Finally, we give numerical results for Q^2 and x values explored at the HERA collider, emphasizing that the target of our factorization-based analyses is to open the door for higher-precision jet phenomenology in DIS.
description: 53 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables. Version published in Physical Review D
Peculiarity of the stellar CNO cycle with energetic particles
Creators: name: Voronchev, Victor T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A peculiarity of the stellar CNO cycle caused by MeV alpha-particles and protons generated in exoergic nuclear processes is analyzed. The main parameters of these particles and suprathermal reactions induced by them in a stellar core are calculated. It is shown that these reactions can trigger an abnormal nuclear flow in the second branch of the stellar CNO cycle. A conjecture is made that the phenomenon is of a general nature and can manifest in various stars at non-exploding stages of their evolution. The influence of the abnormal flow on some CNO characteristics is demonstrated.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
The Effect of Different Combinations of Practice Schedules on Motor Response Stability during Practice
Creators: name: Apolinário-Souza, Tércio
name: Lelis-Torres, Natália
name: Czyż, Stanisław H.
name: Lage, Guilherme Menezes
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Many results in motor learning have indicated that relative and absolute timing dimensions are modulated by factors that modify response stability among trials. One of these factors is the combination of constant and variable practices. Although many researchers have investigated the combination of practice schedules, these researchers have used measurements that do not assess performance and motor response separately. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different combinations of practice schedules on motor response stability during practice. Participants performed a sequential key-pressing task with two goals: (1) to learn the relative timing dimension and (2) the absolute timing dimension. Participants were assigned to one of two groups: constant-variable or variable-constant. Our findings indicate an influence of the increase in variability over the practice in the constant-variable group. Precisely, the increase in variability of total time in the second half (constant-variable group) of practice was followed by the maintenance of the same level of cross-correlate between absolute timing error and variability of total time. Finally, our findings support the hypothesis that practicing in a constant schedule favors the relative timing dimension of learning regardless of the order in which the constant practice is provided.
Discovery of Thermonuclear Type-I X-ray Bursts from the X-ray binary MAXI J1807+132
Creators: name: Albayati, A. C.
name: Altamirano, D.
name: Jaisawal, G. K.
name: Bult, P.
name: Rapisarda, S.
name: Mancuso, G. C.
name: Güver, T.
name: Arzoumanian, Z.
name: Chakrabarty, D.
name: Chenevez, J.
name: Court, J. M. C.
name: Gendreau, K. C.
name: Guillot, S.
name: Keek, L.
name: Malacaria, C.
name: Strohmayer, T. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MAXI J1807+132 is a low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) first detected in outburst in 2017. Observations during the 2017 outburst did not allow for an unambiguous identification of the nature of the compact object. MAXI J1807+132 was detected in outburst again in 2019 and was monitored regularly with NICER. In this paper we report on five days of observations during which we detected three thermonuclear (Type-I) X-ray bursts, identifying the system as a neutron star LMXB. Time-resolved spectroscopy of the three Type-I bursts revealed typical characteristics expected for these phenomena. All three Type-I bursts show slow rises and long decays, indicative of mixed H/He fuel. We find no strong evidence that any of the Type-I bursts reached the Eddington Luminosity; however, under the assumption that the brightest X-ray burst underwent photospheric radius expansion, we estimate a <12.4kpc upper limit for the distance. We searched for burst oscillations during the Type-I bursts from MAXI J1807+132 and found none (<10% amplitude upper limit at 95% confidence level). Finally, we found that the brightest Type-I burst shows a ~1.6sec pause during the rise. This pause is similar to one recently found with NICER in a bright Type-I burst from the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4-3658. The fact that Type-I bursts from both sources can show this type of pause suggests that the origin of the pauses is independent of the composition of the burning fuel, the peak luminosity of the Type-I bursts, or whether the NS is an X-ray pulsar.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Wolff's Problem of Ideals in the Multipler Algebra on Weighted Dirichlet Space
Creators: name: Banjade, Debendra P.
name: Trent, Tavan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30H50, 31C25, 46J20

description: We establish an analogue of Wolff's theorem on ideals in $H^{\infty}(\mathbb{D})$ for the multiplier algebra of weighted Dirichlet space.
description: referee's comments are incorporated in this version. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1302.5732
Community-Based Responses to Justice-Involved Young Adults
Creators: name: Schiraldi, Vincent N.
name: Western, Bruce P.
name: Bradner, Kendra
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Criminal justice, Administration of
Young adults--Legal status, laws, etc.
Youth--Legal status, laws, etc.
Community-based corrections

description: In this paper, we propose a different kind of criminal justice for young men and women. We propose new institutional methods and processes for young adult justice, for those ages 18 to 24, that can meet the realities of life for today’s disadvantaged youth involved in crime and the criminal justice system. What we envision seeks to extend the reach of the juvenile court while also using it as a basis for a new system that reflects a modern understanding of the transition into adulthood. Our central recommendation is that the age of juvenile court jurisdiction be raised to at least 21 years old1 with additional, gradually diminishing protections for young adults up to age 24 or 25. Such a system recognizes the diminished capacity for responsible decision-making in youth while harnessing the opportunities presented by their ability to grow, adapt and change. Additionally, such a system would recognize the diminished opportunities and greater demands that now face young adults, particularly in the disadvantaged communities that supply the adult correctional system.
Constraints on dark matter annihilation from CMB observations before Planck
Creators: name: Lopez-Honorez, Laura
name: Mena, Olga
name: Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio
name: Vincent, Aaron C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the bounds on the dark matter (DM) annihilation cross section using the most recent Cosmic Microwave Background measurements from WMAP9, SPT'11 and ACT'10. We consider DM with mass in the MeV-TeV range annihilating 100% into either an e+e- or a mu+mu- pair. We consider a realistic energy deposition model, which includes the dependence on the redshift, DM mass and annihilation channel. We exclude the canonical thermal relic abundance cross section ( = 3 x 10^{-26} cm^3 s^{-1}) for DM masses below 30 GeV and 15 GeV for the e+e- and mu+mu- channels, respectively. A priori, DM annihilating in halos could also modify the reionization history of the Universe at late times. We implement a realistic halo model taken from results of state-of-the-art N-body simulations and consider a mixed reionization mechanism, consisting on reionization from DM as well as from first stars. We find that the constraints on DM annihilation remain unchanged, even when large uncertainties on the halo model parameters are considered.
description: v4 Corresponds to published version
A Hybrid Graph Neural Network Approach for Detecting PHP Vulnerabilities
Creators: name: Rabheru, Rishi
name: Hanif, Hazim
name: Maffeis, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents DeepTective, a deep learning approach to detect vulnerabilities in PHP source code. Our approach implements a novel hybrid technique that combines Gated Recurrent Units and Graph Convolutional Networks to detect SQLi, XSS and OSCI vulnerabilities leveraging both syntactic and semantic information. We evaluate DeepTective and compare it to the state of the art on an established synthetic dataset and on a novel real-world dataset collected from GitHub. Experimental results show that DeepTective achieves near perfect classification on the synthetic dataset, and an F1 score of 88.12% on the realistic dataset, outperforming related approaches. We validate DeepTective in the wild by discovering 4 novel vulnerabilities in established WordPress plugins.
description: A poster version of this paper appeared as https://doi.org/10.1145/3412841.3442132
A Circumplanetary Dust Ring May Explain the Extreme Spectral Slope of the 10 Myr Young Exoplanet K2-33b
Creators: name: Ohno, Kazumasa
name: Thao, Pa Chia
name: Mann, Andrew W.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Young exoplanets are attractive targets for atmospheric characterization to explore the early phase of planetary evolution and the surrounding environment. Recent observations of the 10 Myr young Neptune-sized exoplanet K2-33b revealed that the planet's transit depth drastically decreases from the optical to near-infrared wavelengths. Thao et al. (2022) suggested that a thick planetary haze and/or stellar spots may be the cause; however, even the best-fit model only barely explains the data. Here, we propose that the peculiar transmission spectrum may indicate that K2-33b possess a circumplanetary dust ring, an analog of Jupiter's dust ring. We demonstrate that the ring could produce a steep slope in the transmission spectrum even if its optical depth is as low as $\sim {10}^{-2}$. We then apply a novel joint atmosphere-ring retrieval to K2-33b and find that the ring scenario could well explain the observed spectrum for various possible ring compositions. Importantly, the dust ring also exhibits prominent absorption features of ring particles around $\sim$10 $\rmμm$, whose shape and strength depend on the composition of the ring. Thus, future observations by JWST-MIRI would be able to test not only the ring hypothesis but also, if it indeed exists, to constrain the composition of the ring -- providing a unique opportunity to explore the origins of the dust ring around its parent planet, soon after the planetary system's formation.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJL. Please also see Thao et al. (2022) for the transmission spectrum of K2-33b