cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Near-room-temperature ferrimagnetism and half-metallicity in disordered Ca1.5La0.5MnRuO6
Creators: name: Silva, A. G.
name: Pontes, R. B.
name: Boldrin, M.
name: Pessoni, H. V. S.
name: Veiga, L. S. I.
name: Jesus, J. R.
name: Fabrelli, H.
name: Gonzaga, A. R. C.
name: Bittar, E. M.
name: Bufaiçal, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron spin polarization on half-metallic double-perovskites is usually conditioned to the ordered rock-salt arrangement of the transition-metal ions along the lattice. In this work, we investigate a polycrystalline sample of the Ca1.5La0.5MnRuO6 compound by employing x-ray powder diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray absorption and magnetic circular dichroism at the Mn-L2,3 and Ru-M2,3 edges, magnetometry, electrical transport and first principles calculations in order to show that this is a fully disordered material exhibiting near room temperature ferrimagnetism and half-metallic conductivity, with significant intergrain tunneling magnetoresistance. These unprecedented results are compared to those of archetypical ordered double-perovskites, and discussed in terms of the Mn and Ru valences and their orbital hybridization.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Have the Major U.S. Air Carriers Finally Turned the Corner? A Financial Condition Assessment
Creators: name: Gritta, Richard D.
name: Adams, Brian
name: Gritta, Richard D.
name: Adams, Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Financial Economics
Industrial Organization

description: Rare prior to the deregulation of the airline industry, air carrier bankruptcies became rather endemic in the period 1982-2005. Since 1982, over 175 airlines have filed under the bankruptcy codes. This number includes eight of the carriers that were formerly referred to as “trunk carriers,” now known as “Majors.” Major carriers are defined as those with annual revenues exceeding $1.0 billion. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the recent performance of these carriers using a statistical model specifically designed to predict the likelihood of financial stress for airlines. The paper will also update past research in this important industry to demonstrate the very precarious nature of profitability. The major reasons for the improvement of the industry’s profitability will be briefly discussed. The analysis will show that the current financial condition of the industry has improved significantly due to increased concentration and the market domination of some carriers, very low fuel costs facing the carriers, and the record low interest rates resulting from the Federal Reserve’s easy monetary policy. the industry may still be fragile or vulnerable to changes in these input factors.
Anisotropic swelling of elastomers filled with aligned 2D materials
Creators: name: Liu, Mufeng
name: Li, Suhao
name: Kinloch, Ian A.
name: Young, Robert J.
name: Papageorgiou, Dimitrios G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comprehensive study has been undertaken on the dimensional swelling of graphene-reinforced elastomers in liquids. Anisotropic swelling was observed for samples reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), induced by the in-plane orientation of the GNPs. Upon the addition of the GNPs, the diameter swelling ratio of the nanocomposites was significantly reduced, whereas the thickness swelling ratio increased and was even greater than that of the unfilled elastomers. The swelling phenomenon has been analyzed in terms of a modification of the Flory-Rhener theory. The newly-derived equations proposed herein, can accurately predict the dependence of dimensional swelling (diameter and thickness) on volume swelling, independent of the type of elastomer and solvent. The anisotropic swelling of the samples was also studied in combination with the evaluation of the tensile properties of the filled elastomers. A novel theory that enables the assessment of volume swelling for GNP-reinforced elastomers, based on the filler geometry and volume fraction has been developed. It was found that the swelling of rubber nanocomposites induces a biaxial constraint from the graphene flakes.
Adoption of Natural Gas Vehicles – Estimates for the U.S. and the State of Texas
Creators: name: Xu, Chen (Sarah)
name: Cheng, Liang-Chieh (Victor)
name: Xu, Chen (Sarah)
name: Cheng, Liang-Chieh (Victor)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Public Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Natural gas vehicles (NGV) have attracted more and more attention from policy makers since natural gas is a clean substitute for traditional fossil fuel that is also readily accessible. In some areas such as the state of Texas, vehicles that do not use traditional fossil fuel (e.g., NGVs) are exempt from paying fuel taxes. Government financial incentives have motivated substantial adoption of NGVs. This paper studies NGV adoption behavior in both U.S. and Texas markets to estimate the dynamics of NGV diffusion. This research employs well-known Bass diffusion models applied to NGV adoption, using data from both the U.S. and Texas. Among several interesting results, we find that NGV adoption through an imitation effect appears to be significant for the U.S. NGV market.
Safety Impacts of Converting Two-Way Left-Turn Lanes to Raised Medians and Associated Design Concerns
Creators: name: Alluri, Priyanka
name: Gan, Albert
name: Haleem, Kirolos
name: Alluri, Priyanka
name: Gan, Albert
name: Haleem, Kirolos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy
Public Economics

description: Raised medians and two-way left-turn lanes (TWLTLs) are the two most common types of median treatments on arterial streets. This paper aims to conduct a detailed study on the safety impacts of conversion from TWLTLs to raised medians on state roads in Florida. In addition, the study also investigated several potential safety concerns related to raised medians on state roads, including crashes at median openings, vehicles directly hitting the median curb, and median crossover crashes. Based on data availability, 17.51 miles of urban arterial sections in Florida that were converted from TWLTLs to raised medians were analyzed. Police reports of all the crashes before and after median conversion were reviewed to correct miscoded crash types and obtain additional detailed crash information. Overall, a 28.5% reduction in total crash rate was observed after the 10 study locations were converted from TWLTLs to raised medians. The reductions in the proportions of left-turn and right-turn crashes were statistically significant, while the changes in the proportions of other crash types were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the crash data did not show evidence that raised medians are an additional hazard compared with TWLTLs.
Universality and backreaction in a general-relativistic accretion of steady fluids
Creators: name: Karkowski, Janusz
name: Kinasiewicz, Bogusz
name: Mach, Patryk
name: Malec, Edward
name: Swierczynski, Zdobyslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spherically symmetric steady accretion of polytropic perfect fluids onto a black hole is the simplest flow model that can demonstrate the effects of backreaction. The analytic and numerical investigation reveals that backreaction keeps intact most of the characteristics of the sonic point. For any such system, with the only free parameter being the relative abundance of the fluid, the mass accretion rate achieves maximal value when the mass of the fluid is universally 1/3 of the total mass.
description: Minor revisions in introduction and coclusion, new references. To appear in PRD (Rapid Communication)
Magnetic Structure of an Erupting Filament
Creators: name: Wang, Shuo
name: Jenkins, Jack M.
name: Pillet, Valentin Martinez
name: Beck, Christian
name: Long, David M.
name: Choudhary, Debi Prasad
name: Muglach, Karin
name: McAteer, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The full 3-D vector magnetic field of a solar filament prior to eruption is presented. The filament was observed with the Facility Infrared Spectropolarimeter at the Dunn Solar Telescope in the chromospheric He i line at 10830 Å on May 29 and 30, 2017. We inverted the spectropolarimetric observations with the HAnle and ZEeman Light (HAZEL) code to obtain the chromospheric magnetic field. A bimodal distribution of field strength was found in or near the filament. The average field strength was 24 Gauss, but prior to the eruption we find the 90th percentile of field strength was 435 Gauss for the observations on May 29. The field inclination was about 67 degree from the solar vertical. The field azimuth made an angle of about 47 to 65 degree to the spine axis. The results suggest an inverse configuration indicative of a flux rope topology. He i intensity threads were found to be co-aligned with the magnetic field direction. The filament had a sinistral configuration as expected for the southern hemisphere. The filament was stable on May 29, 2017 and started to rise during two observations on May 30, before erupting and causing a minor coronal mass ejection. There was no obvious change of the magnetic topology during the eruption process. Such information on the magnetic topology of erupting filaments could improve the prediction of the geoeffectiveness of solar storms.
Point particles and Appell's solutions on the axis of Kerr black hole for arbitrary spin in terms of the Debye potentials
Creators: name: Kofroň, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Teukolsky master equation -- a fundamental equation for test fields of any spin, or perturbations, in type D spacetimes -- is classically treated in its separated form. Then the solutions representing even the simplest sources -- point particles -- are expressed in terms of series. The only known exception is a static particle (charge or mass) in the vicinity of Schwarzschild black hole. Here, we present a generalization of this result to a static point particle of arbitrary spin at the axis of Kerr black hole. A simple algebraic formula for the Debye potential from which all the NP components of the field under consideration can be generated is written down explicitly. Later, we focus on the electromagnetic field and employ the classic Appell's trick (moving the source into a complex space) to get so called electromagnetic magic field on the Kerr background. Thus the field of nontrivial extended yet spatially bounded source is obtained. We also show that a static electric point charge above the Kerr black hole induces, except an expected electric monopole, also a magnetic monopole charge on the black hole itself. This contribution has to be compensated. On a general level we discuss Teukolsky-Starobinsky identities in terms of the Debye potentials.
description: 11 pages
High Order Relativistic Corrections To Keplerian Motion
Creators: name: Fernandez-Jambrina, L.
name: Hoenselaers, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first terms of the general solution for an asymptotically flat stationary axisymmetric vacuum spacetime endowed with an equatorial symmetry plane are calculated from the corresponding Ernst potential up to seventh order in the radial pseudospherical coordinate. The metric is used to determine the influence of high order multipoles in the perihelion precession of an equatorial orbit and in the node line precession of a non-equatorial orbit with respect to a geodesic circle. Both results are written in terms of invariant quantities such as the Geroch-Hansen multipoles and the energy and angular momentum of the orbit.
description: 23 pages, LaTeX2e
AMERICA’S FORGOTTEN MIDDLE-SKILL JOBS : EDUCATION AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS IN THE NEXT DECADE AND BEYOND
Creators: name: Lerman, Robert
name: Holzer, Harry J.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: A strong public consensus now supports enhancing the skills of America’s workers, especially through more and higher-quality education and training. But what kinds of skills, education, and training are most appropriate, in light of changes in the U.S. economy? Is the “information economy” resulting in rising demands only for workers with college and post-graduate education? Various economists have argued that future demands for workers will be strong in highly-educated professional jobs and low-paid service jobs, while much more modest at skill levels in between these sectors. Does this mean that education and training for jobs requiring less than four years of college are no longer worthwhile public investments? of the economy. Accordingly, we see a need for increased U.S. investment in high-quality education and training in the middle of the skills range—not just for college graduates in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. In this paper, we review evidence on how the demand for workers with different levels of education and training will evolve over the next decade and beyond. We analyze data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) on recent and projected future demand for jobs in the middle of the labor market. We also consider projected trends in the supply of workers at different levels of education.
Additional file 4 of Inferring residency and movement patterns of horse-eye jack Caranx latus in relation to a Caribbean marine protected area acoustic telemetry array
Creators: name: Novak, Ashleigh J.
name: Becker, Sarah L.
name: Finn, John T.
name: Danylchuk, Andy J.
name: Pollock, Clayton G.
name: Zandy Hillis-Starr
name: Jordaan, Adrian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. Delta time (Δt) represents the time between a recorded detection and the next recorded detection for each individual fish only on BIRNM receivers. For example, Tag 23601 had a max Δt of 14.3 days, meaning that the maximum amount of time between two successive detections was over two-weeks from one detection to the next. Average Δt is the mean time in minutes between successive detections.
Two-loop renormalization of the electric charge in the Standard Model
Creators: name: Degrassi, Giuseppe
name: Vicini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the renormalization of the electric charge at the two-loop level in the Standard Model of the electroweak interactions. We explicitly calculate the expression of the complete on-shell two-loop counterterm using the Background Field Method and discuss the advantages of this computational approach. We consider the related quantity $\hat e(μ)$, defined in the $\ms$ renormalization scheme and present numerical results for different values of the scale $μ$. We find that the full 2-loop electroweak corrections contribute more than 10 parts in units $10^{-5}$ to the $Δ\hatα(\mz^2)$ parameter, obtaining $\hatα^{-1}(\mz)= 128.12 \pm 0.05$ for $Δα_{had}(\mz^2) =0.027572 \pm 0.000359$.
description: 13 pages; 1 figure; version to appear on Physical Review D
Solution strategies for commonly problematic industrial construction, commissioning, and startup activities
Creators: name: Mock, Brant Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Commissioning
Startup
Industrial projects
Hot Spots
Solution strategies

description: The commissioning and startup stage is one of the most critical of a capital project, and sits at a crossroads of many disciplines, stakeholders, and systems within the project lifecycle. The purposes of this research effort were to identify solution strategies to the most commonly problematic industrial commissioning and startup activities (Hot Spots), differentiate solution strategies which are both high-value and low-effort, and identify themes and trends among those strategies. The author used a mixed-methods approach to collect and analyze data, including: structured interviews with industry experts, surveys of industry experts, mapping of solution strategies, qualitative topical coding of solution strategies, and multiple types of statistical analysis. The main body of the research is split into four main manuscript chapters within this dissertation. Each chapter addresses one of four main research questions, which in turn fulfill the research purposes. Major contributions of this research to the industrial construction scientific body of knowledge include: an extensive list of 178 solution strategies across the 20 Hot Spots; the identification of 38 high-value, low-effort strategies overall, 40 for owner organizations, and 34 for contractor organizations; and the categorization of 12 unique solution strategy types. Commissioning and startup managers should consider the use of the solution strategies to prevent or mitigate Hot Spots that they will face on their projects, especially high-value, low-effort strategies. This research should serve as a starting point for the next generation of industrial commissioning and startup best practices.
AMERICA’S FORGOTTEN MIDDLE-SKILL JOBS : EDUCATION AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS IN THE NEXT DECADE AND BEYOND
Creators: name: Lerman, Robert
name: Holzer, Harry J.
Publisher: name: Workforce Alliance Skills2Compete Campaign
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: A strong public consensus now supports enhancing the skills of America’s workers, especially through more and higher-quality education and training. But what kinds of skills, education, and training are most appropriate, in light of changes in the U.S. economy? Is the “information economy” resulting in rising demands only for workers with college and post-graduate education? Various economists have argued that future demands for workers will be strong in highly-educated professional jobs and low-paid service jobs, while much more modest at skill levels in between these sectors. Does this mean that education and training for jobs requiring less than four years of college are no longer worthwhile public investments? of the economy. Accordingly, we see a need for increased U.S. investment in high-quality education and training in the middle of the skills range—not just for college graduates in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. In this paper, we review evidence on how the demand for workers with different levels of education and training will evolve over the next decade and beyond. We analyze data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) on recent and projected future demand for jobs in the middle of the labor market. We also consider projected trends in the supply of workers at different levels of education.
A Dynamic Assessment of World Dairy Trade Liberalization
Creators: name: Martin, Craig
name: Martin, Craig
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: A thesis presented to the Faculty of Graduate Studies at The University of Guelph in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree Master of Science. Committee Chair: Dr. Karl D. Meilke
Non-superconducting electronic ground state in pressurized BaFe$_2$S$_3$ and BaFe$_2$S$_{2.5}$Se$_{0.5}$
Creators: name: Sun, Hualei
name: Li, Xiaodong
name: Zhou, Yazhou
name: Yu, Jia
name: Frandsen, Benjamin A.
name: Wu, Shan
name: Xu, Zhijun
name: Jiang, Sheng
name: Huang, Qingzhen
name: Bourret-Courchesne, Edith
name: Sun, Liling
name: Lynn, Jeffrey W.
name: Birgeneau, Robert J.
name: Wang, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a comprehensive study of the spin ladder compound BaFe$_2$S$_{2.5}$Se$_{0.5}$ using neutron diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering, high pressure synchrotron diffraction, and high pressure transport techniques. We find that BaFe$_2$S$_{2.5}$Se$_{0.5}$ possesses the same $Cmcm$ structure and stripe antiferromagnetic order as does BaFe$_2$S$_3$, but with a reduced N{é}el temperature of $T_N=98$ K compared to 120 K for the undoped system, and a slightly increased ordered moment of 1.40$μ_B$ per iron. The low-energy spin excitations in BaFe$_2$S$_{2.5}$Se$_{0.5}$ are likewise similar to those observed in BaFe$_2$S$_{3}$. However, unlike the reports of superconductivity in BaFe$_2$S$_3$ below $T_c \sim 14$~K under pressures of 10~GPa or more, we observe no superconductivity in BaFe$_2$S$_{2.5}$Se$_{0.5}$ at any pressure up to 19.7~GPa. In contrast, the resistivity exhibits an upturn at low temperature under pressure. Furthermore, we show that additional high-quality samples of BaFe$_2$S$_3$ synthesized for this study likewise fail to become superconducting under pressure, instead displaying a similar upturn in resistivity at low temperature. These results demonstrate that microscopic, sample-specific details play an important role in determining the ultimate electronic ground state in this spin ladder system. We suggest that the upturn in resistivity at low temperature in both BaFe$_2$S$_3$ and BaFe$_2$S$_{2.5}$Se$_{0.5}$ may result from Anderson localization induced by S vacancies and random Se substitutions, enhanced by the quasi-one-dimensional ladder structure.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
An Economic Framework and Selected Proposals for Demonstrations Aimed At Strengthening Marriage, Employment, and Family Functioning Outcomes
Creators: name: Bir, Anupa
name: Lerman, Robert
name: Acs, Gregory
Publisher: name: The Urban Institute December 2007 Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Submitted to: Mark Fucello U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation 370 L’Enfant Promenade, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20447
Local Sensitivity Analysis of Forecast Uncertainty in a Random-Utility-Based Multiregional Input-Output Model
Creators: name: Wang, Guangmin
name: Kockelman, Kara M.
name: Wang, Guangmin
name: Kockelman, Kara M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: Public Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Transportation systems are critical to regional economies and quality of life. The Random-Utility- Based Multiregional Input-Output Model (RUBMRIO) for trade and travel choices is used here to appreciate the distributed nature of commodity flow patterns across the United States’ 3,109 contiguous counties and 12 industry sectors, for rail and truck operations. This paper demonstrates the model’s sensitivity to various inputs using the method of local sensitivity analysis with interactions (LSAI). This work simulates both individual effects as well as interaction effects of model inputs on outputs by providing sensitivity indices of model outputs to variations of inputs under two scenarios. Model outputs include predictions of domestic and export trade flows, value of goods produced, labor expenditures, and household and industry consumption levels across the counties in the United States. The LSAI technique allows transportation system operators to appreciate the roles of any model input and the associated uncertainty of outputs.
Periodicity of hermitian K-theory and Milnor's K-groups
Creators: name: Karoubi, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use recent results proved by Berrick and the author (math.KT/0509404) to improve the periodicity theorem in hermitian K-theory. We define also a new filtration of the classical Witt ring W(A), built from non degenerate quadratic forms over any commutative ring A where 2 is invertible. This filtration is linked to the Milnor and Quillen K-groups. Using the solution of Milnor's conjecture by Voevodsky, we show that the non triviality of Milnor's K-groups mod. 2 implies also the non triviality of higher Witt groups (when A is a field).
description: 9 pages ; see also http://www.math.jussieu.fr/~karoubi/
Materialism as an Ideology and Mindset
Creators: name: E Peck Jr, Charles
Publisher: name: Knowledge Commons
Year: 2025

description: Materialism as an Ideology and Mindset "An increasingly mechanistic, fragmented, decontextualised world, marked by unwarranted optimism mixed with paranoia and a feeling of emptiness, has come about, reflecting, I believe, the unopposed action of a dysfunctional left hemisphere." — Iain McGilchrist
Relevance of Materialism as a Mindset Nine Major Anti-Social Behaviors recently emerged since roughly 2000. A neuroscience study of morals revealed that several different processes and regions of the brain were involved. My argument is that the materialist mindset is a significant influence
•	Extreme Individualism and the Narcissism Epidemic: There has been a significant increase in narcissism in Western countries. Taken at face value, narcissism would be a form of extreme individualism. Then term was coined by David Hay. Theologian and scholar. Separately Kenneth Gergen and Virgilio Enriquez identify extreme individualism of western academia as an unhealthy "way of looking at the world"
•	Increase in Suicide: Suicide rates in the US have risen 36% since 2000 according to a CDC study, with one death every 11 minutes in 2021.
•	Violence against teachers "21,000 students and teachers harmed in attacks on schools around the world" (their world May 11, 2018) There has been a sharp increase in physical assaults on teachers in America and worldwide. In the US, a significant number of teachers experience some form of victimization, with verbal abuse being the most prevalent. "10% of US educators were physically assaulted in the previous year." (16 August 2022 The Conversation), Assaults on Healthcare Workers: Assaults on healthcare workers have increased exponentially, with government data showing they are five times more likely to experience workplace violence than other workers.
•	Hate Crimes: The FBI reported a record high in hate crimes in the US in 2021, with a huge increase in hate crimes against Asians, including 826 Filipinos being victim of hate crimes
•	Intentional Killings of Police: The number of law enforcement officers intentionally killed in the line of duty in the US reached its highest level since 9/11 in 2021.
•	Mass Shootings: The US has experienced a record number of mass shootings in 2023, with over 559 incidents.
•	Chinese Kindergarten Knife Slayings: China has seen a disturbing increase in knife attacks in schools, including several incidents at kindergartens, leaving 90 killed. In that knife slayings of small children are very abnormal, that would appear to rule out ordinary political influences – leaving social factors as the primary cause.
•	School Shootings: There is a correlation between hate speech and the increase in school shootings in the US, with over 800 children and teenagers killed in school shootings since 2015.
Additional file 3 of Inferring residency and movement patterns of horse-eye jack Caranx latus in relation to a Caribbean marine protected area acoustic telemetry array
Creators: name: Novak, Ashleigh J.
name: Becker, Sarah L.
name: Finn, John T.
name: Danylchuk, Andy J.
name: Pollock, Clayton G.
name: Zandy Hillis-Starr
name: Jordaan, Adrian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Detection histories for all C. latus tagged within the BIRNM acoustic receiver array. Asterisks denote the four fish with insufficient detection histories that were excluded from all analyses.
Chiral gravity in higher dimensions
Creators: name: Ootsuka, Takayoshi
name: Tanaka, Erico
name: Ura, Kousuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a chiral theory of gravity in 7 and 8 dimensions, which are equivalent to Einstein-Cartan theory using less variables. In these dimensions, we can construct such higher dimensional chiral gravity because of the existence of gravitational instanton. The octonionic-valued variables in the theory represent the deviation from the gravitational instanton, and from their non-associativity, prevents the theory to be SO(n) gauge invariant. Still the chiral gravity holds G_2 (7-D), and Spin(7) (8-D) gauge symmetry.
description: 18 pages, no figures. Minor typos corrected. Updated references
Three-dimensional Vortex-induced Reaction Hotspots at Flow Intersections
Creators: name: Lee, Sang H.
name: Kang, Peter K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the emergence of reaction hotspots induced by three-dimensional (3D) vortices with a simple $A+B \rightarrow C$ reaction. We conduct microfluidics experiments to visualize the spatial map of the reaction rate with the chemiluminescence reaction and cross-validate the results with direct numerical simulations. 3D vortices form at spiral saddle type stagnation points, and the 3D vortex flow topology is essential for initiating reaction hotspots. The effect of vortices on mixing and reaction becomes more vigorous for rough-walled channels, and our findings are valid over wide ranges of channel dimensions and Damköhler numbers.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, manuscript under review
Spectral Evolution of Two High-Energy Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Kaneko, Y.
name: Preece, R. D.
name: Gonzalez, M. M.
name: Dingus, B. L.
name: Briggs, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prompt emission of the gamma-ray bursts is found to be very energetic, releasing ~10^51 ergs in a flash. However, their emission mechanism remains unclear and understanding their spectra is a key to determining the emission mechanism. Many GRB spectra have been analyzed in the sub-MeV energy band, and are usually well described with a smoothly broken power-law model. We present a spectral analysis of two bright bursts (GRB910503 and GRB930506), using BATSE and EGRET spectra that cover more than four decades of energy (30 keV - 200 MeV). Our results show time evolutions of spectral parameters (low-energy & high-energy photon indices and break energy) that are difficult to reconcile with a simple shock-acceleration model.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of "Astrophysical Particle Acceleration in Geospace and Beyond", Chattanooga, 2002, AGU monograph
An Economic Framework and Selected Proposals for Demonstrations Aimed At Strengthening Marriage, Employment, and Family Functioning Outcomes
Creators: name: Bir, Anupa
name: Lerman, Robert
name: Acs, Gregory
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Submitted to: Mark Fucello U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation 370 L’Enfant Promenade, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20447
Additional file 2 of Inferring residency and movement patterns of horse-eye jack Caranx latus in relation to a Caribbean marine protected area acoustic telemetry array
Creators: name: Novak, Ashleigh J.
name: Becker, Sarah L.
name: Finn, John T.
name: Danylchuk, Andy J.
name: Pollock, Clayton G.
name: Zandy Hillis-Starr
name: Jordaan, Adrian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Spatial plots for the 4 horse-eye jack Caranx latus (Tags 19663, 23591, 23592, and 45878) that were not used in analyses due to limited spatial inference, low detection histories, and were only present in the array for a relatively short period of time (see Additional files 1 and 3 for tagging/detection details). Note that CUR assignment was not done for these fish. Red ‘x’ marks release location.
Mode-Dependent nonequilibrium temperature in aging systems
Creators: name: Garriga, A.
name: Ritort, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an exactly solvable model for glassy dynamics with many relaxational modes, each one characterized by a different relaxational time-scale. Analytical solution of the aging dynamics at low temperatures shows that a nonequilibrium or effective temperature can be associated to each time-scale or mode. The spectrum of effective temperatures shows two regions that are separated by an age dependent boundary threshold. Region I is characterized by partially equilibrated modes that relax faster than the modes at the threshold boundary. Thermal fluctuations and time-correlations for modes in region I show that those modes are in mutual thermal equilibrium at a unique age-dependent effective temperature $Θ(s)$. In contrast, modes with relaxational timescales longer than that of modes at the threshold (region II) show diffusive properties and do not share the common temperature $Θ(s)$. The shift of the threshold toward lower energy modes as the system ages, and the progressive shrinking of region II, determines how the full spectrum of modes equilibrates. As is usually done in experiments, we have defined a frequency-dependent effective temperature and we have found that all modes in region I are mutually equilibrated at the temperature $Θ(s)$ independently of the probing frequency. The present model aims to explain transport anomalies observed in supercooled liquids in terms of a collection of structurally disordered and cooperative rearranging mesoscopic regions.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures
Field Evaluation of Column CO2 Retrievals from Intensity-Modulated Continuous-Wave Differential Absorption Lidar Measurements during ACT-America
Creators: name: Campbell, Joel F.
name: Lin, Bing
name: Obland, Michael D.
name: Dobler, Jeremy
name: Erxleben, Wayne
name: McGregor, Doug
name: O'Dell, Chris
name: Bell, Emily
name: Pal, Sandip
name: Weir, Brad
name: Fan, Tai-Fang
name: Kooi, Susan
name: Corbett, Abigail
name: Davis, Kenneth
name: Gordon, Iouli
name: Kochanov, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 86-05, 86-04

description: We present an evaluation of airborne Intensity-Modulated Continuous-Wave (IM-CW) lidar measurements of atmospheric column CO2 mole fractions during the ACT-America project. This lidar system transmits online and offline wavelengths simultaneously on the 1.57111-um CO2 absorption line, with each modulated wavelength using orthogonal swept frequency waveforms. After the spectral characteristics of this system were calibrated through short-path measurements, we used the HITRAN spectroscopic database to derive the average-column CO2 mixing ratio (XCO2) from the lidar measured optical depths. Based on in situ measurements of meteorological parameters and CO2 concentrations for calibration data, we demonstrate that our lidar CO2 measurements were consistent from season to season and had an absolute calibration error (standard deviation) of 0.80 ppm when compared to XCO2 values derived from in situ measurements. By using a 10-second or longer moving average, a long-term stability of 1 ppm or better was obtained. The estimated CO2 measurement precision for 0.1-s, 1-s, 10-s, and 60-s averages were determined to be 3.4 ppm (0.84%), 1.2 ppm (0.30%), 0.43 ppm (0.10%), and 0.26 ppm (0.063%), respectively. These correspond to measurement signal-to-noise ratios of 120, 330, 950, and 1600, respectively. The drift in XCO2 over one-hour of flight time was found to be below our detection limit of about 0.1 ppm. These analyses demonstrate that the measurement stability, precision and accuracy are all well below the thresholds needed to study synoptic-scale variations in atmospheric XCO2.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Earth, Space, and Science (AGU)
On two fermion BMN operators
Creators: name: Eden, Burkhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to determine the lowest order mixing of all scalar with two-fermion two impurity BMN operators in the antisymmetric representation of SO(4). Differentiation on harmonic superspace allows one to derive two-loop anomalous dimensions of gauge invariant operators from this knowledge: the value for the second anomalous correction to the dimension is essentially the square of the two-fermion admixture. The method effectively increases the loop order by one. For low J we find agreement to all orders in N with results obtained upon diagonalisation of the N=4 dilation operator. We give a formula for the generalised Konishi anomaly and display its role in the mixing. For J=2 we resolve the mixing up to order $g^2$ in the singlet representation. The sum of the anomaly and the naive variation of the leading two-fermion admixtures to the singlets is exactly equal to the two-fermion terms in the antisymmetric descendants.
description: an error corrected, references added
A Two-Atom Picture of Coherent Atom-Molecule Quantum Beats
Creators: name: Borca, Bogdan
name: Blume, D.
name: Greene, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple two-atom model is shown to describe a Bose-Einstein condensate of alkali atoms subjected to external magnetic field ramps near a Feshbach resonance. The implications uncovered for two atoms in a trap can be applied at least approximately to a many-atom condensate. A connection to observations is accomplished by scaling the trap frequency to achieve a density comparable to that of the experiments, which yields the fraction of atom pairs in the gas that become molecules. A sudden approximation is used to model the external magnetic field ramps in the vicinity of a two-body Feshbach resonance. The results of this model are compared with recent experimental observations of Donley et al. [1].
description: 16 pages, 5 figures; Submitted to the New. J. Phys. Focus Issue on Quantum Gases; Revision: changed the formula for the scaled frequency and the numerical results in Sec. 5, Replaced figures 2-5
Quantum entanglement theory in the presence of superselection rules
Creators: name: Schuch, Norbert
name: Verstraete, Frank
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superselection rules severly constrain the operations which can be implemented on a distributed quantum system. While the restriction to local operations and classical communication gives rise to entanglement as a nonlocal resource, particle number conservation additionally confines the possible operations and should give rise to a new resource. In [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 087904 (2004), quant-ph/0310124] we showed that this resource can be quantified by a single additional number, the superselection induced variance (SiV) without changing the concept of entanglement. In this paper, we give the results on pure states in greater detail; additionally, we provide a discussion of mixed state nonlocality with superselection rules where we consider both formation and distillation. Finally, we demonstrate that SiV is indeed a resource, i.e., that it captures how well a state can be used to overcome the restrictions imposed by the superselection rule.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
AN OVERVIEW OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AFFECTING THE US LABOR MARKET
Creators: name: Schmidt, Stefanie R.
name: Lerman, Robert
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This paper offers an assessment of broad social, economic, and demographic trends affecting the US labor force now—in this time of strong economic growth—and in the future. The focus is on demographic trends, work and family issues, health and pension patterns, technical change, adjustment to low unemployment, globalization, and the plight of low-skilled workers. The paper identifies several important trends and patterns, including: 1) the largest demographic shift relevant to the job market is the impending decline in the share of prime-age workers; 2) over 60 percent of workers do not have their own children in their home, but an increasing share of workers care for elderly relatives; 3) the impact of the substantial shift from defined-benefit (DB) to defined-contribution (DC) pension plans on workers is unclear, but some estimates suggest that the typical worker will gain financially; 4) while investment in computers is spurring technical change, the impacts on productivity in firms vary a great deal because of the varying organizational responses to technology; 5) the labor market has adjusted surprisingly well to low unemployment, partly because college-educated workers have accounted for over 90 percent of the net growth in employed adult workers during the 1992-99 expansion; 6) globalization of production is unlikely to have weakened the position of US workers because overall foreign investment in the US has exceeded US investment abroad and foreign direct investment has been nearly as high as US direct investment; 7) while the economic expansion greatly reduced unemployment and expanded job opportunities for low-skill workers, many less-educated men who left the labor force in earlier years have not reentered the job market.
Additional file 1 of Inferring residency and movement patterns of horse-eye jack Caranx latus in relation to a Caribbean marine protected area acoustic telemetry array
Creators: name: Novak, Ashleigh J.
name: Becker, Sarah L.
name: Finn, John T.
name: Danylchuk, Andy J.
name: Pollock, Clayton G.
name: Zandy Hillis-Starr
name: Jordaan, Adrian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Tagging and detection information for the four individual C. latus that were not included in analyses.
Realising biaxial reinforcement via orientation-induced anisotropic swelling in graphene-based elastomers
Creators: name: Liu, Mufeng
name: Kinloch, Ian A.
name: Young, Robert J.
name: Papageorgiou, Dimitrios G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The biaxial mechanical properties constitute another remarkable advantage of graphene, but their evaluation has been overlooked in polymer nanocomposites. Herein, we provided an innovative and practical method to characterise biaxial reinforcement from graphene via swelling of elastomers, where graphene nanoplatelets were controlled to be oriented in-plane. The in-plane-aligned graphene imposed a biaxial constraining force to the elastomer during the swelling process that led to the anisotropic swelling behaviour of the bulk nanocomposites.
Loop quantum black hole
Creators: name: Modesto, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the Kantowski-Sachs space-time in Ashtekar variables and the quantization of this space-time starting from the complete loop quantum gravity theory. The Kanthowski-Sachs space-time coincides with the Schwarzschild black hole solution inside the horizon. By studying this model we can obtain information about the black hole singularity and about the dynamics across the point r=0. We studied this space-time in ADM variables in two previous papers where we showed that the classical black hole singularity disappears in quantum theory. In this work we study the same model in Ashtekar variables and we obtain a regular space-time inside the horizon region and that the dynamics can be extend further the classical singularity.
description: 12 pages, latex. We introduce and we calculate the spectrum of the operator 1/|E|
AN OVERVIEW OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AFFECTING THE US LABOR MARKET
Creators: name: Schmidt, Stefanie R.
name: Lerman, Robert
Publisher: name: Urban Institute for US Department of Labor
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: This paper offers an assessment of broad social, economic, and demographic trends affecting the US labor force now—in this time of strong economic growth—and in the future. The focus is on demographic trends, work and family issues, health and pension patterns, technical change, adjustment to low unemployment, globalization, and the plight of low-skilled workers. The paper identifies several important trends and patterns, including: 1) the largest demographic shift relevant to the job market is the impending decline in the share of prime-age workers; 2) over 60 percent of workers do not have their own children in their home, but an increasing share of workers care for elderly relatives; 3) the impact of the substantial shift from defined-benefit (DB) to defined-contribution (DC) pension plans on workers is unclear, but some estimates suggest that the typical worker will gain financially; 4) while investment in computers is spurring technical change, the impacts on productivity in firms vary a great deal because of the varying organizational responses to technology; 5) the labor market has adjusted surprisingly well to low unemployment, partly because college-educated workers have accounted for over 90 percent of the net growth in employed adult workers during the 1992-99 expansion; 6) globalization of production is unlikely to have weakened the position of US workers because overall foreign investment in the US has exceeded US investment abroad and foreign direct investment has been nearly as high as US direct investment; 7) while the economic expansion greatly reduced unemployment and expanded job opportunities for low-skill workers, many less-educated men who left the labor force in earlier years have not reentered the job market.
Apprenticeship in the United States : Patterns of Governance and Recent Developments
Creators: name: Lerman, Robert
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.); Urban Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: The share of US workers who undertake apprenticeship training is small compared to most other OECD countries and compared to the number of workers who undertake postsecondary education. However, the scale of the US apprenticeship is large compared with the training funded through the federal Workforce Investment Act. Historically, US apprenticeship programs have been highly concentrated in construction, manufacturing, and other selected fields, including public safety and some military occupations. In recent years, however, the Office of Apprenticeship of the US Department of Labor has funded efforts to establish apprenticeships outside these traditional sectors, in such occupation-industry clusters as nursing, information technology, geospatial, advanced manufacturing, and maritime occupations. This paper describes aspects of the governance of the registered apprenticeship system in the US, examines recent initiatives from the Office of Apprenticeship to expand apprenticeship, and analyzes new evidence about how apprenticeship sponsors view the system.