Archaeology at Estrella Mountain Ranch: Prehistoric and Historic Settlement in the Foothills of the Sierra Estella Mountains
Creators: name: System User
Publisher: name: SWCA, Inc. Environmental Consultants
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Sierra Estella Mountains
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subject: Estrella Mountain Ranch
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subject: Arizona (State / Territory)
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subject: Goodyear, AZ
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subject: Phoenix Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/27/phoenix-basin
subject: Maricopa (County)
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subject: Classic Period
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subject: Proto-Historic
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subject: Sedentary Period
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subject: Colonial Period
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subject: Gila Butte Phase
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subject: Preclassic Period
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subject: Prehistoric
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subject: Santa Cruz Phase
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subject: Sacaton Phase
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subject: Hohokam
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subject: Huhugam
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subject: Patayan
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subject: Archaic
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subject: Historic
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subject: AZ T:11:88 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:63 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:86 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:78 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:68 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:73 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:87 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:83 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:56 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:76 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:51 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:81 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:71 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:27 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:59 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:58 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:64 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:79 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:62 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:89 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:82 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:72 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:77 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:84 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:57 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:52 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:80 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:55 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:75 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:65 (ASM)
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subject: AZ T:11:85 (ASM)
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subject: Hilltop
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subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
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subject: Archaeological Feature
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subject: Checkdam
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subject: Cairn
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subject: Isolated Artifact
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subject: Midden
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subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Road, Trail, and Related Structures or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/294/road-trail-and-related-structures-or-features
subject: Rock Art
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subject: Lithic Scatter
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subject: Petroglyph
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subject: Trail
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subject: Plainware
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subject: Rhyolite
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subject: Quartz
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subject: Redware
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subject: Chopper
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subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Felsite
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subject: Chipped Stone
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subject: Mano
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subject: Fauna
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subject: Fire Cracked Rock
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subject: Red-on-Buff
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subject: Glass
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subject: Ground Stone
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subject: Projectile Point
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subject: Core
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2121/core
subject: Macrobotanical
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subject: Axe
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subject: Metal
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subject: Andesite
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subject: Diorite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/588/diorite
subject: Pollen
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/13/pollen
subject: Siltstone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/525/siltstone
subject: Buffware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/465/buffware
subject: Basalt
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/214/basalt
subject: Tabular Knife
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2647/tabular-knife
subject: Quartzite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/217/quartzite
subject: Scraper
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/93/scraper
subject: Hammerstone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/94/hammerstone
subject: Amethyst Glass
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/357/amethyst-glass
subject: metate
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/167/metate
subject: Lithic Analysis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/14/lithic-analysis
subject: Pollen Analysis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/3351/pollen-analysis
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Historic Background Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/18/historic-background-research
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey
subject: Records Search / Inventory Checking
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/8/records-search-inventory-checking
subject: Research Design / Data Recovery Plan
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/9/research-design-data-recovery-plan
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: This report presents the results of archaeological survey, testing and data recovery investigations conducted in the Estrella Mountain Ranch Development, near Goodyear, Arizona. The project area includes over 11,000 acres that is part of a residential development. In order to develop the area, the property owners were required to obtain a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to comply with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. The Corps is the lead federal agency for this project since they issued the permit. As lead federal agency, the Corps is responsible for assessing the impacts of their action on cultural resources, under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The results of SWCA’s investigations indicate that the project area was used by prehistoric groups on a short-term basis for the acquisition of lithic, vegetal, and faunal resources. An expedient lithic technology based on locally available raw materials was practiced and lithic procurement was associated with petroglyphs and portions o f a trail network that led into the Sierra Estrella foothills. Cholla bud roasting, saguaro syrup production, and initial processing of the pods of leguminous trees appear to have been pursued in the project area, indicating use in both spring and late summer. Both Hohokam and Patayan wares are found on all sites with large ceramic inventories, suggesting that participants in both cultural systems were utilizing the project area. The most intense use of the area occurred during the Colonial and Sedentary periods, particularly in the Santa Cruz phase. The small number of isolated projectile points located during survey also indicates Archaic period use. Mining, cattle ranching, and homesteading were pursued in the project area in the first half of the 20th century.