cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Maximizing the health benefits of lycopene isomers
Creators: name: Varma, Supriya
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: Lycopene is an acyclic C40 non polar carotenoid found in tomatoes. In nature, the predominant form is the all-trans isomeric form which represents 80-97% of lycopene in tomato and tomato related products. However on consumption of tomato products, >50% of the lycopene is found in the cis isomeric form in the body, thereby implying that the cis isomeric form is the more bioavailable /bioactive form in the human body.The major objective of our study was to validate the bioactivity of lycopene isomers. Three approaches were used to achieve this goal. 1). An ab initio computational model to study the structure of isomers. 2). Develop a method to isolate isomers. 3). Study antioxidant activity and cellular proliferation activity of isomers in in- vitro condition.Computational modeling studies showed that lycopene isomers differ in their electronic distribution on the molecules. Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA) method showed that cis isomers have higher CAA compared to all-trans isomers. The cellular proliferation assay known as the MTT assay indicated larger decrease in proliferation of cis isomer treated prostate cancer cells. The        anti-inflammatory assay (measures the amount of nitric oxide (NO) produced by mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7)) showed marginal difference in activity between control and isomer treated cells.  Non-thermal processing techniques like High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) processing and Pulse Electric Field (PEF) were used to increase the yield of beneficial cis lycopene isomer in the processed product. The results showed an qualitative increase in cis isomer after non-thermal processing.This study helps us get deeper insights on the activity of cis and all-trans lycopene isomers at a basic molecular level, which correlates to the activity at a chemical and biological level. Non-thermal processing methods like High Hydrostatic Pressure processing and Pulse Electric Field processing methods can cause lycopene isomerization. These can be used as alternative means of processing to get tomato products that can yield health benefits to the consumers.
Continuous expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 is required for maintenance of tumorigenesis in GRM1 transformed mouse kidney epithelial cells
Creators: name: Wilimczyk, Barbara J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: Within the United States, skin cancer has become a predominant form of cancer that occurs across all age groups, racial backgrounds, and to both genders equally.  Melanoma arises from malignant melanocytes that reside within the epidermis of the skin.  It is the most serious form of skin cancer, causing the most mortality among all skin cancers.  Currently, due to the limited treatment options available, patients have severely reduced survival rates as the disease advances toward Stage IV.  Advancements in understanding of the mechanisms of melanoma development and novel targets for treatment are in great need for patients inflicted with this devastating disease.Metabotropic glutamate receptors are normally expressed within the central nervous system (CNS) where they use glutamate, the most abundant neural transmitter, as their natural ligand.  Within the CNS, these receptors have important diversified functions ranging from mediation of slow excitatory and inhibitory responses to memory formation and neuronal development.  Our lab has identified the etiological role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 (Grm1) in melanoma development in transgene mouse models. Subsequently, our lab also detected GRM1 expression in approximately 40% of human melanomas biopsy and cell line samples.  These results led us to investigate the role of GRM1 in other types of cancer. Epithelial cancers are the abundant category of cancers to inflict humans, relating GRM1 and its possible role in solid tumors could introduce a novel target for developing cancer therapies.  Since continuous expression of Grm1 was demonstrated to be required for the maintenance of the tumorigenic phenotype in Grm1-mouse melanocytes, my project is to determine whether this is true for an epithelial cell system.  With the use of Grm1-transformed mouse kidney epithelial cells, an inducible tetracycline siRNA system was introduced into the cells and tested with/without the inducer, doxycycline, for the suppression of Grm1 expression levels in vitro and in vivo.  The in vivo data demonstrated decreased tumor volumes in the doxycycline treatment groups, validating the decreased expression of Grm1 seen in vitro, compared to the no treatment groups. These results provide evidence that Grm1 expression is necessary to maintain the tumorigenic phenotype of Grm1 transformed cells.
Bothriogaster variolaris Fuhrmann 1904
Creators: name: Dronen, Norman O.
name: Blend, Charles K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Geophilomorpha
Himantariidae
Bothriogaster
Bothriogaster variolaris

description: B. variolaris Fuhrmann, 1904 — Type and only species
Type host. Snail kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot) (Syn. Resthramus [sic] sociabilis [Vieillot]) (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)— Thatcher (1993), Cole et al. (1995), Forrester & Spalding (2003).
NP = Nοt present. 1Estimated frοm figure in οriginal descriptiοn. 2 Measurements frοm Perez vigueras (1940).
Type locality. Java, Indonesia, specific locality unknown.
Additional localities. Brazil & Cuba—Thatcher (1993); Florida, USA—Cole et al. (1995), Forrester & Spalding (2003).
Remarks. This species was originally described as Bothriogaster variolaris Fuhrmann, 1904 from immature specimens parasitizing birds in Java (Fuhrmann, 1904); however, Pérez Vigueras (1940) provided some additional descriptive information (see below). Bothriogaster (Fuhrmann, 1904) was preoccupied and Dollfus (1948) renamed it Bothrigaster Dollfus, 1948. Kossack (1911), Harrah (1922), Witenberg (1923) and Yamaguti (1958, 1971) considered Bothrigaster (Syn. Bothriogaster) and Spaniometra to be distinct genera and retained this species in Bothrigaster with Bothrigaster variolaris (Fuhrmann, 1904) as the type species. Joyeux & Baer (1927) transferred this species to Spaniometra and Bashkirova (1950) also considered it to be a species of Spaniometra. This species has a postesticular ovary that forms a straight line with the tandem testes (Ophthalmophaginae), a postpharyngeal genital pore and the vitelline fields are not confluent posteriorly, placing it in Bothrigaster. Pérez Vigueres (1940) redescribed this species from adult specimens parasitizing the snail kite in South America. The host data base of the Natural History Museum, London lists Bothrigaster variolaris as an unverified name. Rudimentary ventral sucker present; oral sucker absent—Fuhrmann (1904); Pérez Vigueras (1940); Bashkirova (1950); Yamaguti (1971).
description: Published as part of Dronen, Norman O. & Blend, Charles K., 2015, Updated keys to the genera in the subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902, including a reconsideration of species assignments, species keys and the proposal of a new genus in Szidatitreminae Dronen, 2007, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 4053 (1) on pages 81-83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/237117
Additional file 1: of Effectors of Th1 and Th17 cells act on astrocytes and augment their neuroinflammatory properties
Creators: name: Chittappen Prajeeth
name: Kronisch, Julius
name: Khorooshi, Reza
name: Knier, Benjamin
name: Toft-Hansen, Henrik
name: Gudi, Viktoria
name: Floess, Stefan
name: Huehn, Jochen
name: Owens, Trevor
name: Korn, Thomas
name: Stangel, Martin
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: TaqMan probes used for RT-PCR analysis. (DOCX 11Â kb)
Weight reduction and bone loss in postmenopausal women
Creators: name: Von Thun, Nancy L.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: Short-term weight loss (WL) is accompanied by bone loss in postmenopausal women, but the longer-term impact is unclear.  The goal of this study was to determine whether weight regain compared to maintenance of WL in reduced obese/overweight women has an impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC).   It was hypothesized that weight regain in reduced obese women would result in partial recovery of bone, as compared to women who maintain their lost weight.  We measured hip, spine, forearm, and total body BMD and BMC by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Hormones, markers of bone turnover, and soft tissue were assessed.  We recruited postmenopausal women (n=40, BMI of 28.2 +/- 2.9 kg/m2; 60.6 +/- 5.6 years) 1.5 years after a 6 month weight loss program who were categorized as regaining (>75%) or maintaining their weight lost.  After 6 mo of WL, both groups lost -9.1 +/- 3.1% body weight with no significant difference between groups. At 23 +/- 6 mo after baseline, the weight-loss maintainers (WL-M, n=22) and weight-loss re-gainers (WL-R, n=18) lost -10.4 +/- 4.3 % and -2.6 +/- 3.6 % of their body weight.  Participants averaged 1228 +/- 529 mg/d during the follow-up period, which did not differ significantly between the groups.  The WL-M group showed greater BMD loss at the trochanter (p<0.05), 1/3 radius (p<0.05), and total body (p<0.02) compared with the WL-R group. WL-M also showed a trend to decrease serum osteocalcin (p<0.08) and increase cortisol (p<0.09) more than the WL-R group, as measured in a subset of women (WL-M n=10, WL-R n=8). There were positive relationships between the change in fat mass and 1/3 radius (r=0.047, p<0.01) and total body (r=0.519, p<0.001) in the entire group of women (n=40) while changes at the trochanter and 1/3 radius correlated with leg fat (r>0.422, p<0.01), but not trunk fat, suggesting that regional fat tissue may have a differential influence on bone.  These data in postmenopausal women show that bone continues to decline at the trochanter and femoral neck over a 2 year period with 10% weight loss, and with weight regain there is partial recovery of bone.
title: Optical method for the detection of cervical neoplasias using fluorescence spectroscopy
Creators: name: Yazdi, Youseph
name: Richards-Kortum, Rebecca R.
name: Mitchell, Michele F.
name: Staerkel, Gregg
Publisher: name: United States Patent and Trademark Office
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: A61B5/0071
subject: A61B5/0084
subject: A61B5/4331
subject: A61B5/0075
subject: A61B5/7264
subject: G01N21/6486
subject: G01N21/6456
subject: G01N2021/6417
subject: G01N2021/6423
subject: G01N2201/129
subject: 250/461.2
subject: 250/459.1

description: A method for detecting tissue abnormality, particularly precancerous cervical tissue, through fluorescence spectroscopy is disclosed. In vitro fluorescence measurements over a variety of different fluorescence spectra are used to screen tissue samples. Using a principal component analysis (PCA), it is possible to discriminate between normal and dysplastic tissues with relatively low false-positive and false-negative results.
Arrenurus inexploratus K.Viets 1930
Creators: name: Martin, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Arrenuridae
Arrenurus
Arrenurus inexploratus

description: Arrenurus inexploratus K.Viets, 1930
Records (Table 2): Benthos samples at one site in Ösling, 5 individuals (Gerecke et al. 2005). No larvae found in traps.
Remarks: The larval morphology of Arrenurus inexploratus is being described (A. Zawal, pers. comm.).
description: Published as part of Martin, Peter, 2006, On the morphology and classification of larval water mites (Hydrachnidia, Acari) from springs in Luxembourg, pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 1138 on page 38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.172007
Porphyriotrema indica Duggal & Toor 1985
Creators: name: Dronen, Norman O.
name: Blend, Charles K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Trematoda
Plagiorchiida
Cyclocoelidae
Porphyriotrema
Porphyriotrema indica

description: Porphyriotrema indica Duggal & Toor, 1985 — Type and only species
Type host. Purple moorhen or swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio (Linnaeus) (Gruiformes: Rallidae). Type locality. Sangrur, Punjab, India.
Remarks. In this species the posttesticular ovary forms a nearly straight line with the tandem testes (Ophthalmophaginae), the genital pore is postpharyngeal, the testes are close together and both situated in the posterior fifth of the body rather than having the anterior testes separated some distance from the posterior end (mid-level of body or more anterior), and the vitelline fields are not confluent posteriorly, placing this species in Porphyriotrema. No oral or ventral sucker described—Duggal & Toor (1985).
description: Published as part of Dronen, Norman O. & Blend, Charles K., 2015, Updated keys to the genera in the subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902, including a reconsideration of species assignments, species keys and the proposal of a new genus in Szidatitreminae Dronen, 2007, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 4053 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/237117
A cognition-based framework for the development of visualization literacy
Creators: name: Velez-Rojas, Maria C.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: Data visualizations are prevalent in scientific simulation, medicine, physical therapy, product design, manufacturing, weather predictions, simulations, and engineering. They are also used in information and scientific visualization for WWW exploration, document searching, and education. This pervasiveness makes it important to understand how we comprehend these visualizations, what comprehension difficulties can be expected in diverse populations, and which visual properties increase comprehension difficulty. This will enable us to create training methods that help people gain basic comprehension strategies and analytic skills for visualizations.The goal of this dissertation is to define an approach that can be used to determine the factors that make a visualization difficult to comprehend by certain individuals. This information is then used to test if training using this information helps individuals develop new and workable strategies for visualization analysis. In this dissertation we present an approach that is designed as a series of steps designed (1) to determine what cognitive abilities are correlated with comprehension of the visualization, (2) to identify visual properties that make a basic visualization difficult to comprehend and (3) to measure the effect of basic incremental training using these visual properties.
Orphnebius maracayensis Pace 2009, n. sp.
Creators: name: Pace, Roberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Orphnebius
Orphnebius maracayensis

description: Orphnebius maracayensis n. sp.
(Figg. 1-2)
Materiale tipico: Holotypus , Venezuela, Rancho Grande, b. Maracay, leg. H. Franz (NHMW).
Descrizione:
Lunghezza 1,7 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno-rossiccio con pronoto e pigidio rossicci; antenne brune con i tre antennomeri basali gialli; zampe giallo-rossicce con femori giallo-bruni. Granulosità del capo, del pronoto e delle elitre saliente. Corpo senza reticolazione. Ciascuna elitra con una fossetta laterale. Uroterghi liberi nudi, privi di pubescenza. Spermateca fig. 2.
Comparazioni:
L’habitus della nuova specie è simile a quello di O. lativentris SHARP, 1883, del Guatemala. Se ne distingue per il colore delle antenne bruno fino all’apice (antenne gialle all’estremità apicale in lativentris), per il penultimo antennomero lungo quanto largo (fortemente trasverso in lativentris) e per le elitre granulose (senza granuli e punteggiatura in lativentris).
Etimologia: La nuova specie prende nome dalla città di Maracay.
description: Published as part of Pace, Roberto, 2009, Nuovi dati faunistici e tassonomici su Aleocharinae delle tribù Lomechusini, Hoplandriini, Oxypodini e Aleocharini del Sudamerica (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), pp. 133-173 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 59 (1) on pages 134-135, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.59.1.133-173, http://zenodo.org/record/4752253
Maternal feeding styles of overweight and normal weight mothers as predictors of child weight status and energy intake
Creators: name: Vetrini, Natalie R.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: Childhood obesity has become increasingly prevalent in today's society. Children are more likely to participate in sedentary activities than they are to engage in active behaviors. Children are also eating processed or fast foods at younger ages, due to convenience over health considerations. Parents are purchasing less nutrient-dense foods and teaching their children poorer eating habits early in life when their eating behaviors are just developing. Today, 17% of children aged 2-19 years are overweight and almost another 17% are at risk for becoming overweight, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The objective of this study was to investigate twenty mother-child pairs to examine if self-reported, as well as observed, maternal feeding styles had any predictive results for the childrens energy intake and Body Mass Index (BMI), depending upon the mothers' weight status. Results showed that mothers, regardless of their normal or overweight status, were more like each other than different. On the whole, however, mothers differed significantly in feeding styles and level of weight concern. Overweight mothers were found to have a higher concern for their own weight status than normal weight mothers. Maternal weight did not play a significant role in child BMI, yet how the mothers fed was more significant relative to a child's weight status. It was also found that observed restriction scores, how much a mother was observed to restrict during feeding, were predictive of the child's energy intake before the laboratory lunch. Overall, a larger sample size may provide different results. Future studies may find it advantageous to look deeper into maternal feeding styles, reported and observed, to better understand the importance of how a mother feeds her child and how his or her eating behavior develops.
On the probability that a discrete complex random matrix is singular
Creators: name: Wood, Philip J.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: Let n be a large integer and M_n be an n by n complex matrix whose entries are independent (but not necessarily identically distributed) discrete random variables. The main goal of this thesis is to prove a general upper bound for the probability that M_n is singular. For a constant 0 < p < 1 and a constant positive integer r, we will define a property p-bounded of exponent r. Our main result shows that if the entries of M_n satisfy this property, then the probability that M_n is singular is at most (p^(1/r) + o(1) )^n. All of the results in this thesis hold for any characteristic zero integral domain replacing the complex numbers. In the special case where the entries of M_n are "fair coin flips" (taking the values +1, -1 each with probability 1/2), our general bound implies that the probability that Mn is singular is at most (1/[square root]2 + o(1))^n, improving on the previous best upper bound of (3/4 + o(1))^n, proved by Tao and Vu in 2007. In the special case where the entries of M_n are "lazy coin flips" (taking values +1, -1 each with probability 1/4 and value 0 with probability 1/2), our general bound implies that the probability that M_n is singular is at most (1/2 + o(1))^n, which is asymptotically sharp. Our method is a refinement of those from Kahn, Komlos, and Szemeredi in 1995 and Tao and Vu in 2007. In particular, we make a critical use of the Structure Theorem from Tao and Vu in 2007, which was obtained using tools from additive combinatorics. One key lemma for extending our results to the complex numbers follows from a more general result about characteristic zero integral domains. We show that any finite system S in a characteristic zero integral domain can be mapped to Z/QZ, for infinitely many primes Q, preserving all algebraic incidences in S . This can be seen as a generalization of the well-known Freiman isomorphism lemma, which asserts that any finite subset of a torsion-free group can be mapped into Z/QZ, preserving all linear incidences. As applications, we derive several combinatorial results (such as sum-product estimates) for a finite set in a characteristic zero integral domain. As C is a characteristic zero integral domain, this allows us to obtain new proofs for some recent results concerning finite sets of complex numbers, without relying on the topology of the plane.
Mesoponera
Creators: name: Schmidt, C. A.
name: Shattuck, S. O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Mesoponera

description: Species of Mesoponera
M. ambigua (André, 1890): Sierra Leone (comb. nov.)
M. australis (Forel, 1900): Australia (comb. rev.)
M. caffraria (Smith, 1858): South Africa (comb. rev.)
M. caffraria affinis (Santschi, 1935): Congo (comb. nov.)
M. caffraria caffra (Santschi, 1935): Guinea (comb. nov.)
M. elisae (Forel, 1891): Madagascar (comb. nov.)
M. elisae divaricata (Emery, 1915): Ethiopia (comb. nov.)
M. elisae redbankensis (Forel, 1913): Zimbabwe (comb. nov.)
M. elisae rotundata (Emery, 1895): South Africa (comb. nov.)
M. escherichi (Forel, 1910): Ethiopia (comb. nov.)
M. flavopilosa (Weber, 1942): Sudan (comb. nov.)
M. ingesta (Wheeler, W.M., 1922): DRC (comb. nov.)
M. manni (Viehmeyer, 1924): Solomon Is. (comb. rev.)
M. melanaria (Emery, 1893): Sri Lanka (comb. rev.)
M. melanaria macra (Emery, 1894): Seyschelles Islands (comb. nov.)
M. nimba (Bernard, 1953): Guinea (comb. nov.)
M. novemdentata (Bernard, 1953): Guinea (comb. nov.)
M. papuana (Viehmeyer, 1914): New Guinea (comb. rev.)
M. picea (Bernard, 1953): Guinea (comb. nov.)
M. rubra (Smith, F., 1857): Singapore (comb. nov.)
M. rubra javana (Forel, 1905): Indonesia (Java) (comb. nov.)
M. scolopax (Emery, 1899): Cameroon (comb. nov.)
M. senegalensis (Santschi, 1914): Senegal (comb. nov.)
M. subiridescens (Wheeler, 1922): DRC (comb. nov.)
M. testacea (Bernard, 1953): Guinea (comb. nov.)
M. villiersi (Bernard, 1953): Guinea (comb. nov.)
M. weberi (Bernard, 1953): Guinea (comb. nov.)
description: Published as part of Schmidt, C. A. & Shattuck, S. O., 2014, The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior, pp. 1-242 in Zootaxa 3817 (1) on pages 110-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10086256
title: Method for producing parts by infiltration of porous intermediate parts
Creators: name: Deckard, Carl R.
Publisher: name: United States Patent and Trademark Office
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: B05C19/008
subject: B05C19/00
subject: B22F3/004
subject: B22F3/105
subject: B22F3/1055
subject: B22F7/02
subject: B22F2003/1052
subject: B22F2003/1056
subject: B22F2998/00
subject: B22F2998/10
subject: B22F3/26
subject: B23K26/0624
subject: B23K26/08
subject: B23K26/082
subject: B23K26/34
subject: B29C41/12
subject: B29C41/46
subject: B29C64/153
subject: B29C35/045
subject: B33Y10/00
subject: B33Y30/00
subject: B33Y40/00
subject: C23C24/08
subject: C23C24/10
subject: C23C26/02
subject: G05B19/41
subject: G05B19/4099
subject: G05B2219/49013
subject: G05B2219/49018
subject: Y02P10/295
subject: 264/413
subject: 264/112
subject: 264/497

description: A method and apparatus for selectively sintering a layer of powder to produce a part as a plurality of sintered layers. The apparatus includes a computer controlling a laser to direct the laser energy onto the powder to produce a sintered mass. The computer either determines or is programmed with the boundaries of the desired cross-sectional regions of the part. For each cross-section, the aim of the laser beam is scanned over a layer of powder and the beam is switched on to sinter only the powder within the boundaries of the cross-section. Powder is applied and successive layers sintered until a completed part is formed. Preferably, the powder dispensing mechanism includes a drum which is moved horizontally across the target area and counter-rotated to smooth and distribute the powder in an even layer across the target area. A downdraft system provides controlled temperature air flow through the target area to moderate powder temperature during sintering.
Culicoides stigmalis Wirth. Stonei 1952
Creators: name: Huerta, Herón
name: Spinelli, Gustavo R.
name: Grogan Jr, William L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
Culicoides
Culicoides stigmalis

description: Culicoides stigmalis Wirth, 1952
(Fig. 88)
MEXICO, Oaxaca, Ixtlán, Río Cajones entre Yaee y Camotlán, 8-aug-1935, Alvarado A., male slide mounted [CAIM Crt/lam-00706]. GUATEMALA, Yepocapa, 24-nov-1951, Gibson & Ascoli, female slide mounted [CAIM Crt/lam-00705].
description: Published as part of Huerta, Herón, Spinelli, Gustavo R. & Grogan Jr, William L., 2025, An atlas of wing photographs and a key to species of the genus Culicoides Latreille from Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), including new records, new synonymy, two new species and new status of Culicoides neghmei Vargas and C. propinquus Macfie, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 5566 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5566.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14612829
PHY-techniques to improve higher-layer functions in wireless networks
Creators: name: Xiao, Liang
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: The wireless medium contains location-specificinformation at various scales, and thus it can serve in multiple ways to enhance the performance of wireless networks. In this thesis we study the use of physical-layer information to improve higher-layer functions in the following categories: (1) the use ofthe measured large-scale channel gain variations (due to power spreading and shadowing) to estimate signal outage and to perform mobile localization; and (2) the use of the measured small-scale channel gain variations (due to multipath) to improve wireless network security.We first consider sensor networks that record received signal strength for estimating and updating network performance. Using a generic path-loss model incorporating distance effects and shadow fading, we apply the principle of importance sampling to the sensor placements. This helps to minimize measurement costs while accurately estimating outage probability and coverage holes, thereby improving the radio resource management of wireless systems. We also analyze the use of sensor networks to locatemobiles, and we propose four simple-yet-accurate localization algorithms that meet E-911 requirements in most environments. The localization performance can be further improved by implementing a minimum mean square error (MMSE) algorithm which meets theCramer-Rao lower bound. However, the four simple proposed algorithms have much lower numerical complexity than MMSE for real-time operation and require little a priori knowledge of the channel parameters.Next, we exploit the rapid-decorrelation property of the multipath channel to enhance security in environments with rich scattering. We propose a channel-based authentication scheme to detect both spoofing attacks (a spoofing node pretends to be another node to gain access to network resources); and Sybil attacks (a Sybil node maliciously sends multiple service requests with different identities, in hopes of depleting network resources). The scheme uses little additional system overhead, as it exploits pilots or preambles that already exist in most wireless systems. A double-layer authentication protocol is devised, whereby the scheme either combines with higher-layer security  mechanisms, such as 802.11i or works independently with some performance degradation. Verification that PHY-based authentication provides good performance is performed using several methods, specifically,stochastic channel modeling, site-specific ray-tracing and field tests.
Biomarker identification and exposure assessment of environmentally toxic substances in a population of pregnant women and newborns
Creators: name: Yan, Xiaoyong
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: Widespread exposure to environmentally toxic chemicals may adversely affect fetal development and birth outcomes. However, data on prenatal exposure and associated health effects in newborns are very limited. A variety of pesticides, phthalates, and their metabolites were measured in maternal urine, maternal serum, cord serum, amniotic fluid, and meconium samples collected at the time of cesarean delivery from 150 women in central New Jersey. Significantly higher concentrations of dacthal (p=0.007), diethyltoluamide (p=0.043), and phthalimide (p=0.030) in cord serum of pesticide users than non-users suggests that residential use of pesticides may contribute to overall exposure. The concentrations of most pesticides in biological matrices of this study population were either comparable to or lower than the levels reported in previous studies and in the US general population, except for orthophenylphenol. The daily intakes of two representative organophosphorus insecticides (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) were lower than most regulatory protection limits (EPA oral benchmark dose10/100, EPA reference oral dose, or ATSDR minimal risk levels). The urinary concentrations of most phthalate metabolites were comparable to or lower than the U.S. general population, except for mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, three metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The median urinary concentrations of mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (109 ?g/L) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (95.1 ?g/L) were more than 5 times their population-based concentrations, while the median urinary concentration of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was over 20 times higher. Calculation of daily phthalate intakes using the urinary biomarker data revealed that none of the pregnant women tested had integrated exposures to DEHP higher than the ATSDR MRLs. High concentrations of DEHP metabolites may indicate a recent exposure to the plastic medical devices containing DEHP in the hospital. However, no abnormal birth outcomes or other adverse clinical reproductive endpoints were noted in those newborns who had higher concentrations of orthophenylphenol and DEHP during the perinatal period. Significantly higher concentrations and detection frequencies in maternal urine than in maternal serum and cord serum suggest that urinary concentrations of the metabolites may be more reliable biomarkers of exposure to the environmental toxicants than the concentrations in other biological specimens.
Orphnebius satan Pace 2009, n. sp.
Creators: name: Pace, Roberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Orphnebius
Orphnebius satan

description: Orphnebius satan n. sp.
(Figg. 3-6)
Materiale tipico: Holotypus , Peru, Umg. Tarapoto, leg. H. Franz (NHMW).
Descrizione:
Lunghezza 2,1 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno-rossiccio; antenne bruno-rossicce con apice distale dell’undicesimo antennomero giallo-bruno; zampe gialle con femori rossicci. Punteggiatura visibile solo sulle tempie, quella del pronoto assente. Granulosità delle elitre molto superficiale. Corpo senza reticolazione. Primo urotergo libero del maschio prolungato in due spine divergenti all’indietro. Edeago figg. 4-5, sesto urotergo libero del maschio fig. 6.
Comparazioni:
La nuova specie è differente da O. pungitius SOLSKY, 1875, pure del Perù, per il pronoto poco trasverso e senza impressioni anteriori (pronoto molto trasverso e con solchi o impressioni tortuose in pungitius) e per i caratteri sessuali secondari dell’addome completamente differenti (vedi in SOLSKY, 1875 tavola I, fig. 2).
Etimologia: La nuova specie prende nome dal demonio «Satana» a motivo della forca a due denti del primo urotergo libero del maschio.
description: Published as part of Pace, Roberto, 2009, Nuovi dati faunistici e tassonomici su Aleocharinae delle tribù Lomechusini, Hoplandriini, Oxypodini e Aleocharini del Sudamerica (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), pp. 133-173 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 59 (1) on page 136, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.59.1.133-173, http://zenodo.org/record/4752253
MOESM3 of Reduced antiretroviral drug efficacy and concentration in HIV-infected microglia contributes to viral persistence in brain
Creators: name: Asahchop, Eugene
name: Meziane, Oussama
name: Mamik, Manmeet
name: Chan, Wing
name: Branton, William
name: Resch, Lothar
name: M. Gill
name: Haddad, Elie
name: Guimond, Jean
name: Wainberg, Mark
name: Baker, Glen
name: Cohen, Eric
name: Power, Christopher
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Â Brain tissue (70â  100 mg) from all BLT HIV-infected and uninfected animals wasÂ used toÂ extract RNA. The RNA was used to quantify host genes (A) human CD163 (B) human IP10 (C) human MX2 and (D) mouse f4/80.
Selfcoelum oculobia Cohn 1902
Creators: name: Dronen, Norman O.
name: Blend, Charles K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Trematoda
Echinostomida
Cyclocoelidae
Selfcoelum
Selfcoelum oculobia

description: Spaniometra oculobia (Cohn, 1902) — Type and only species
Type host. Grey plover, Pluvialis squatarola (Linnaeus) (Syns. Squatarola squatarola [Linnaeus]; Vanellus melanogaster Bechstein) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae)— Yamaguti (1971). Given as “ Vanelli melanogastri ” in the original description.
Type locality. Germany; specific type locality unknown.
Remarks. This species was originally described as Monostomum oculobium Cohn, 1902, but was described as not having a cirrus sac. Spaniometra Kossack, 1911 was considered to be a synonym of Ophthalmophagus Stossich, 1902 by Gower (1939). Kossack (1911) generally accepted the description of Cohn (1902), but he found the cirrus sac to be present in the original material used by Cohn (1902) from the Institute of Greifswald Collection and provided a more complete illustration of the species. Kossack (1911) and Yamaguti (1971) considered the vitelline fields to be confluent posteriorly in S. oculobia (type species of this genus); however, Kanev et al. (2002a, Fig. 20.9) and Dronen (2007a) considered the vitelline fields to be not confluent posteriorly in this genus based on “ Spaniometra variolaris (Fuhrmann, 1904) ” (= Bothrigaster variolaris [Fuhrmann, 1904]). In S. oculobia the posttesticular ovary forms nearly a straight line with the tandem testes (Ophthalmophaginae), the testes are somewhat separated from each other and located some distance anterior to the ovary near the midbody, and the vitelline fields are confluent posteriorly, placing it in Spaniometra. In this species the posttesticular space is extensive, 4,500 long or more, or about 50% of body length (see Fig. 16). No oral or ventral sucker present—Cohn (1902); Kossack (1911) and Bashkirova (1950).
description: Published as part of Dronen, Norman O. & Blend, Charles K., 2015, Updated keys to the genera in the subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902, including a reconsideration of species assignments, species keys and the proposal of a new genus in Szidatitreminae Dronen, 2007, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 4053 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/237117
Photo-assisted wet (PAW) etching for laser fabrication
Creators: name: Yi, Eun-Hyeong
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: Modern day technology uses discrete optical components including laser diodes and integrated electronic circuits. Fabricating an etched mirror laser is one of the major tasks to realize integrated optics. While dry etching is the most widely accepted process to fabricate optoelectronic devices, wet etching has potential advantages including lower cost, smoother surfaces, and faster etching rate. However typical wet etching does not provide a viable alternative for the demanding process of fabricating vertical side walls with low lateral etch rates.  The application of the wet etching to the production of vertical sidewalls has been a significant problem for several decades.The primary accomplishments of the research consists of developing processes, apparatus, and models for the Photo-Assisted Wet (PAW) etching that uses light directed perpendicular to the surface of a wafer in order to alter the typical crystal-plane etching and thereby control the sidewall profile. The new techniques demonstrate integrated laser mirrors in III-V laser heterostructure. These mirrors achieve as high as 93% of the reflectance of the cleaved mirror with negligible dependence on the crystal orientation.The research explores the PAW etching process using both coherent (lasers) and incoherent (LEDs) illumination for different types of materials including bulk GaAs and III-V laser heterostructure. The effects of different wavelengths, intensities and wafer masking structures are investigated. Specific combinations control the sidewall profile and etching characteristics to produce on-demand etch-stop layers and sidewall angles ranging from 0 to 90o. Laser heterostructure etched with coherent illumination shows unexpected results for heterostructure including non-uniform etch depth linked to the masking materials and surface density of excess carriers. New apparatus was designed and applied to the PAW etching for the fabrication of III-V devices. The apparatus has in-situ, real-time systems including (i) an optical system to expand, filter and dither the etching beam, (ii) a pulsed-laser wet etch monitor to determine the etch depth, rate, formation of surface microstructure and transition layers in a preselected region of the sample (iii) a steady-state photoluminescence (PL) monitor with CCD array and Photo Detector (PD) to provide (2-D) spatially-resolved and integrated measurements of PL during the etching.
Orphnebius amazonicus Pace 2009, n. sp.
Creators: name: Pace, Roberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Orphnebius
Orphnebius amazonicus

description: Orphnebius amazonicus n. sp.
(Figg. 7-9)
Materiale tipico: Holotypus , Brasil, Amazonasgebiet, Umg. Manaus, leg. I. Beck (NHMW).
Descrizione:
Lunghezza 2,1 mm. Corpo lucido e bruno-rossiccio con elitre brune a base bruno-rossiccia; antenne bruno-rossicce con i due antennomeri basali e l’undicesimo rossicci; zampe anteriori e posteriori rossicce, zampe medie rossicce con tibie brune tranne che alle estremità. Punteggiatura del capo e del pronoto assente. Granulosità delle elitre fine e poco saliente. Corpo senza reticolazione. Uroterghi liberi nudi, senza pubescenza. Spermateca fig. 8.
Comparazioni:
La nuova specie è nettamente differente da O. tuberculatus BERNHAUER, 1908, pure del Brasile, per le elitre non coperte di forti granuli come in tuberculatus.
Etimologia: La nuova specie prende nome dal territorio dell’Amazzonia.
description: Published as part of Pace, Roberto, 2009, Nuovi dati faunistici e tassonomici su Aleocharinae delle tribù Lomechusini, Hoplandriini, Oxypodini e Aleocharini del Sudamerica (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), pp. 133-173 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 59 (1) on page 136, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.59.1.133-173, http://zenodo.org/record/4752253
Additional file 3: Table S2. of Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ESBL and AmpC producing organisms associated with bacteraemia in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Creators: name: Nguyen Lan
name: Nguyen Hien
name: Phuong, Tu Le Thi
name: Thanh, Duy
name: Thieu, Nga
name: Ngoc, Dung
name: Tuyen, Ha
name: Vinh, Phat
name: Ellington, Matthew
name: Thwaites, Guy
name: Nguyen Van Vinh Chau
name: Baker, Stephen
name: Boinett, Christine
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Summary of ESBL genes identified in 177 ESBL producing isolates. (DOCX 49Â kb)
An efficient architecture for detection of multiple bit upsets in processor register files
Creators: name: Yueh, Wen
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2009

description: With the semiconductor industry transitioning into the next generation of deep submicron technology such as 40 nm or 32 nm CMOS technology, transistors are becoming more vulnerable to malfunction due to soft errors. Due to the reduction in the supply and threshold voltages of the transistors in this smaller geometry, soft errors can affect the state of multiple numbers of transistors simultaneously. Hence, the traditional fault model of a single event upset (SEU) due to a soft error needs to be revisited and a new fault model and an associated fault tolerant architecture for circuit structures in deep submicron technology based on multiple-bit upsets (MBUs) needs to be developed. In this reseach work, we propose a novel fault tolerant architecture for the register files in a processor that can detect the MBUs in them efficiently. In this proposed method, we compute and store the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of a complete register which can be 32 bits or 64 bits wide, when new data is loaded into it. The CRC bits are of smaller bit size and are stored in a soft error protected memory structure using well known conventional soft error protection mechanisms such as error-correcting codes (ECCs), etc., for memory structures. When data from a register is read, first the new CRC value is computed based on the existing data value stored in that register and compared against the original CRC value stored previously in the soft error tolerant memory structure. If there is a difference in these two CRC values an error is flagged as it shows that the data is corrupted due to a soft error either by an SEU or MBUs during the time interval between the last write and the current read operation for that register. This operation is done for reading every register in the register file. Although this method introduces timing and area overheads, they are tolerable and this method of detection scales with the increase in the number registers in the register file. Finally, we present simulation results regarding the fault detection capability of this proposed method.
Promptenovum Witenberg 1923
Creators: name: Dronen, Norman O.
name: Blend, Charles K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Trematoda
Echinostomida
Cyclocoelidae
Promptenovum

description: Promptenovum Witenberg, 1923
(Members of this genus have a postpharyngeal genital pore, the testes are relatively close together and immediately anterior to ovary in the posterior end of the body, and the vitelline fields are confluent posteriorly)
Diagnosis. Cyclocoelidae; Ophthalmophaginae. Body, linguiform, tapered anteriorly. Rudimentary oral sucker and rudimentary ventral sucker absent in P. vanbenedeni Witenberg, 1923, only species currently assigned to genus. Genital pore postpharyngeal. posttesticular ovary in straight line with nearly tandem testes near posterior arch of cyclocoel. Uterine coils overreaching ceca laterally, surpassing testes posteriorly into posttesticular space in P. vanbenedeni. Vitelline fields confluent posteriorly. Parasites in infraorbital and nasal sinuses of birds.
description: Published as part of Dronen, Norman O. & Blend, Charles K., 2015, Updated keys to the genera in the subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902, including a reconsideration of species assignments, species keys and the proposal of a new genus in Szidatitreminae Dronen, 2007, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 4053 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/237117
title: Radiation sensitization using texaphyrins
Creators: name: Harriman, Anthony M.
name: Miller, Richard A.
name: Sessler, Jonathan L.
Publisher: name: United States Patent and Trademark Office
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: A61K51/0485
subject: A61K41/0038
subject: A61K41/0057
subject: A61K41/0076
subject: A61K47/546
subject: A61K49/0021
subject: A61K49/0054
subject: A61K49/085
subject: A61K49/10
subject: A61K49/106
subject: A61K49/126
subject: A61L2/0011
subject: B01J31/1658
subject: B01J31/1805
subject: B01J31/1815
subject: B01J31/061
subject: B01J2531/025
subject: B01J2531/23
subject: B01J2531/26
subject: B01J2531/27
subject: B01J2531/28
subject: B01J2531/36
subject: B01J2531/37
subject: B01J2531/38
subject: B01J2531/72
subject: B01J2531/842
subject: B01J2531/845
subject: B01J2531/847
subject: B01J2531/96
subject: C07D487/22
subject: C07H21/00
subject: 514/185
subject: 514/15.1
subject: 514/19.3
subject: 514/23
subject: 514/410
subject: 604/20

description: Texaphyrins are provided for use as radiation sensitizers. Advantageous properties of texaphyrins for use as a radiation sensitizer include: i) a low redox potential which allows radiation-induced hydrated electrons to flow to texaphyrin rather than neutralizing hydroxyl radicals, allowing hydroxyl radicals to cause cellular damage, ii) a relatively stable texaphyrin radical that reacts readily to covalently modify neighboring molecules causing further cellular damage, iii) intrinsic biolocalization, and iv) indifference to the presence or absence of O.sub.2. These properties allow texaphyrins to be particularly effective for treating the hypoxic areas of solid neoplasms. Methods of treatment for an individual having a neoplasm or atheroma include the use of a texaphyrin as a radiation sensitizer and as an agent for photodynamic tumor therapy, or the use of a texaphyrin for internal and for external ionizing radiation. Novel texaphyrins are provided.