cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da competência aquática percecionada versus real. Aplicação no contexto das escolas de natação do interior
Creators: name: Bernardo, Inês
name: Mota Ferreira, Débora Catarina
name: Costa, Mário J.
name: Costa, Aldo M.
name: Garrido, Nuno Domingos
Publisher: name: Motricidade
Year: 2021

description: O afogamento é uma das principais causas de morte a nível mundial, sobretudo em população em idade pediátrica. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo, através da Escala Pictórica da Competência Aquática de Múrcia e Pérez, 2008, avaliar as perceções de competência aquática de 21 crianças frequentadoras de aulas de natação numa escola de natação de Vila Real. Foram incluídos os seus respetivos Encarregados de Educação/ Pais de forma a verificar se existem diferenças significativas entre a perceção das crianças e E.E comparativamente à realidade de maneira a prevenir o afogamento e enfatizar a supervisão. A recolha de dados foi dividida em três momentos: Avaliação da Competência Aquática Percecionada (ACAP) dos pais/encarregados de educação; ACAP dos alunos; e a Avaliação da Competência Aquática Real (ACAR). A versão da EPCAP utilizada neste estudo foi constituída por 10 itens que as crianças e pais/encarregados de educação puderam responder numa escala de respostas com três opções: A (melhor), B (médio) e C (pior) para a cada pergunta. Foi realizada uma análise exploratória dos dados com testes de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk e teste de Levenne para análise da homogeneidade das variâncias. Para análise das diferenças entre as respostas entre os grupos foi executada uma Análise da Variância com um fator. Para análise das comparações múltiplas foi utilizado o teste de Post-hoc de Bonferroni. Foi considerado o valor de alfa de 0,10. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que em 80% das questões (8 das 10 questões) colocadas às crianças, estas sobrevalorizaram as suas capacidades comparativamente à realidade. Relativamente ao E.E, em metade das questões (50%) (5 das 10 questões) também os pais mostraram ter uma perceção de sobrevalorização dos seus educandos. Em grande parte das questões as crianças percecionam erradamente as suas competências aquáticas comparativamente à realidade o que leva a entender que realmente correm um maior risco de experienciar um afogamento uma vez que se percecionam mais capazes e com mais destreza a nível das diversas habilidades aquáticas do que acontece na realidade. Em algumas questões os E.E/pais percecionaram que os seus filhos tinham uma maior capacidade aquática do que realmente aconteceu na realidade. Esta perceção excessiva pode levar a fragilidades no controlo e supervisão das crianças em ambientes propícios ao afogamento.
description: Motricidade, Vol. 17 No. S1 (2021): Proceedings of the XLIII Technical and Scientific Congress of the Portuguese Association of Swimming Technicians
Measurement of the pressure dependence of air fluorescence emission induced by electrons
Creators: name: AIRFLY Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluorescence detection of ultra high energy (> 10^18 eV) cosmic rays requires a detailed knowledge of the fluorescence light emission from nitrogen molecules, which are excited by the cosmic ray shower particles along their path in the atmosphere. We have made a precise measurement of the fluorescence light spectrum excited by MeV electrons in dry air. We measured the relative intensities of 34 fluorescence bands in the wavelength range from 284 to 429 nm with a high resolution spectrograph. The pressure dependence of the fluorescence spectrum was also measured from a few hPa up to atmospheric pressure. Relative intensities and collisional quenching reference pressures for bands due to transitions from a common upper level were found in agreement with theoretical expectations. The presence of argon in air was found to have a negligible effect on the fluorescence yield. We estimated that the systematic uncertainty on the cosmic ray shower energy due to the pressure dependence of the fluorescence spectrum is reduced to a level of 1% by the AIRFLY results presented in this paper.
รูปแบบการพึ่งตนเองด้านอาหารของชุมชนบนฐานทุนของท้องถิ่นในเขตพื้นที่กึ่งเมือง : กรณีศึกษาบ้านหนองขาม ตำบลหนองแวง อำเภอสมเด็จ จังหวัดกาฬสินธุ์
Creators: name: มะลิวรรณ สุวรรณพฤกษ์
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Year: 2556
Subjects: การพึ่งตนเองด้านอาหาร, ทุนทางสังคม, ทุนท้องถิ่น

description: ฉบับพิเศษ, วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
title: Transformación de la publicación científica en el ámbito del Acceso Abierto: nuevas prácticas para la Ciencia Abierta
title: Mandato institucional de acceso abierto del CSIC, vías de cumplimiento, funcionalidades y servicios avanzados de DIGITAL.CSIC
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Román-Molina, Juan
name: Oficina Técnica De DIGITAL.CSIC
Publisher: name: CSIC - Unidad de Recursos de Información Científica para la Investigación (URICI)
Year: 2024

description: Esta presentación forma parte del curso del Gabinete de Formación del CSIC impartido por la Unidad de Recursos de Información Científica para la Investigación (URICI-CSIC), "Transformación de la publicación científica en el ámbito del Acceso Abierto: nuevas prácticas para la Ciencia Abierta" celebrada en Madrid del 8 al 10 de octubre de 2024. Para el resto del curso ver el apartado "Referencias". DISPONIBLE PRÓXIMAMENTE
description: En este curso se trataron los siguientes temas: 1. Vías de publicación en acceso abierto. 2. Mandato institucional OA CSIC / Otros mandatos. 3. Estrategia de desarrollo de contenidos y cumplimiento de mandatos. 4. Monitorización del mandato CSIC. 5. Vías de carga de trabajos. 6. Cargas de trabajos afectados por el mandato: artículos, libros. y capítulos. Descripción, depósito y gestión FAIR de datasets / software. 7. Funcionalidades tras la carga de trabajos. 8. Servicios y funcionalidades de DIGITAL.CSIC 9. Apertura y gestión de perfiles en DIGITAL.CSIC. 10. Servicios avanzados en DIGITAL.CSIC
BAMSim Simulator
Creators: name: Reale, Rafael F.
name: neto, Walter P.
name: Martins, Joberto S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Resource allocation is an essential design aspect for current systems and bandwidth allocation is an essential design aspect in multi-protocol label switched and OpenFlow/SDN network infrastructures. The bandwidth allocation models (BAMs) are an alternative to allocate and share bandwidth among network users. BAMs have an extensive number of parameters that need to be defined and tuned to achieve an expected network performance. This paper presents the BAMSim simulator to support the network manager decision process in choosing a set of BAM configuration parameters for network design or during network operation.
description: 4 pages; 1 figure, International Workshop on ADVANCEs in ICT Infrastructures and Services (ADVANCE 2021)
Implicit type constitutive relations for elastic solids and their use in the development of mathematical models for viscoelastic fluids
Creators: name: Průša, Vít
name: Rajagopal, K. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76A05

description: Viscoelastic fluids are non-Newtonian fluids that exhibit both "viscous" and "elastic" characteristics in virtue of mechanisms to store energy and produce entropy. Usually the energy storage properties of such fluids are modelled using the same concepts as in the classical theory of nonlinear solids. Recently new models for elastic solids have been successfully developed by appealing to implicit constitutive relations, and these new models offer a different perspective to the old topic of elastic response of materials. In particular, a sub-class of implicit constitutive relations, namely relations wherein the left Cauchy-Green tensor is expressed as a function of stress is of interest. We show how to use this new perspective it the development of mathematical models for viscoelastic fluids, and we provide a discussion of the thermodynamic underpinnings of such models. We focus on the use of Gibbs free energy instead of the Helmholtz free energy, and using the standard Giesekus/Oldroyd-B models, we show how the alternative approach works in the case of well-known models. The proposed approach is straightforward to generalise to more complex setting wherein the classical approach might be impractical of even inapplicable.
Non-Gaussianity and the induced gravitational wave background
Creators: name: Adshead, Peter
name: Lozanov, Kaloian D.
name: Weiner, Zachary J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar metric fluctuations generically source a spectrum of gravitational waves at second order in perturbation theory, poising gravitational wave experiments as potentially powerful probes of the small-scale curvature power spectrum. We perform a detailed study of the imprint of primordial non-Gaussianity on these induced gravitational waves, emphasizing the role of both the disconnected and connected components of the primoridal trispectrum. Specializing to local-type non-Gaussianity, we numerically compute all contributions and present results for a variety of enhanced primordial curvature power spectra.
description: v3: 28 pages, 12 figures; matches published version
An invariant distribution in static granular media
Creators: name: Aste, T.
name: Di Matteo, T.
name: Saadatfar, M.
name: Senden, T. J.
name: Schroter, M.
name: Swinney, Harry L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have discovered an invariant distribution for local packing configurations in static granular media. This distribution holds in experiments for packing fractions covering most of the range from random loose packed to random close packed, for beads packed both in air and in water. Assuming only that there exist elementary cells in which the system volume is subdivided, we derive from statistical mechanics a distribution that is in accord with the observations. This universal distribution function for granular media is analogous to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for molecular gasses.
description: 4 pages 3 figures
MPEC 2023-Y97 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS AND A/ OBJECTS
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS AND A/ OBJECTS

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The strength of bonded wood strand composites
Creators: name: Higgins, Edward Donald
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A method for modelling the strength of bonded wood strands which are oriented principally in one direction is proposed. The hypothesis tested was that strand grain orientation data, fitted to a von Mises probability distribution, could be used in an analysis for estimating the potential tensile strength of an ideally bonded composite. The strand strength, resolved at any loading angle with respect to the principal composite strand orientation axis, was multiplied by the distribution probability at that angle. When integrated over all angles, this product yielded the mathematical expectation of strength for the composite. The model predicted composite strength at off-orientation axis angles and represented the material in two dimensions in an orthotropic fashion. A feature of this research is the use of a parametrically quantified strand orientation level in an algorithm developed to estimate composite strength. A practical number of strand angle readings (100) were taken to characterize each composite. These angle readings defined orientation in terms of a parameter which described composites ranging from random to highly oriented. The model input also required microtensile strength means from samples of strands tested in the longitudinal and radial or tangential directions. Comparisons between the model and actual specific strengths were made at five equally spaced-composite principal axis load angles from 0 to 90 degrees. Both tensile and flexural tests were performed to evaluate the model. The evaluations were designated in terms of resin content, distribution, and droplet size. These variables were studied using colorimetry and computerized image analysis. Composite density profiles through the specimens' thickness were obtained from direct reading x-ray densitometry. Composites made of juvenile trembling aspen, red alder, red cedar, mature lodgepole pine and yellow birch were studied. Assumptions concerning wood shear strength and strand length/thickness ratio were discussed in the interpretation of an overlapping strand stress-transfer model. This led to the definition of failure criteria based on stress transfer. A trial of orientation modelling in elasticity estimation was made and a random function model of composite elasticity based on laminated plate theory is outlined in a supplementary proposal for further research. The simplified algorithm for the strength of aligned.wood strand composites provides design targets for reconstituted high strength strand lumber and panel products of the future.
Predicting the $\sinϕ_S$ Single-Spin-Asymmetry of $Λ$ Production off transversely polarized nucleon in SIDIS
Creators: name: Yang, Yongliang
name: Wang, Xiaoyu
name: Lu, Zhun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the transverse target spin asymmetry $A^{\sinϕ_{S}}_{UT}$ for the unpolarized $Λ$ production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering with the transverse momentum of the final-state lambda hyperon being integrated out. The asymmetry is contributed by the product of the transversity distribution function $h_1(x)$ of the nucleon and the collinear twist-3 fragmentation function $\tilde{H}(z)$ of the $Λ$ hyperon. The later one originates from the quark-gluon-quark correlation and is a naive time-reversal-odd function. We calculate $\tilde{H}$ of the $Λ$ hyperon by adopt a diquark spectator model. Using the numerical result of $\tilde{H}(z)$ and the available parametrization of $h_1(x)$ from SIDIS data, we predict the $\sinϕ_{S}$ asymmetry in the electroproduction of the $Λ$ hyperon in the kinematical region of EIC, EicC and COMPASS. In the phenomenological analysis we include the evolution effect of the distribution functions and the fragmentation functions. The results show that the asymmetries for the $Λ$ production SIDIS process is around 0.1 and may be accessible at EIC, EicC and COMPASS. We also find that the evolution of fragmentation function can affect the size of asymmetry.
description: 11 pages
Plurisubharmonic functions on the octonionic plane and Spin(9)-invariant valuations on convex sets
Creators: name: Alesker, Semyon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A new class of plurisubharmonic functions on the octonionic plane O^2= R^{16} is introduced. An octonionic version of theorems of A.D. Aleksandrov and Chern- Levine-Nirenberg, and Blocki are proved. These results are used to construct new examples of continuous translation invariant valuations on convex subsets of O^2=R^{16}. In particular a new example of Spin(9)-invariant valuation on R^{16} is given.
description: 35 pages. The definition of octonionic Hessian is replaced with the transposed matrix as it should be. Other minor corrections
Family of Origin and Family of Choice: Massively Parallel Lexiconized Iterative Pretraining for Severely Low Resource Machine Translation
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhong
name: Waibel, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We translate a closed text that is known in advance into a severely low resource language by leveraging massive source parallelism. In other words, given a text in 124 source languages, we translate it into a severely low resource language using only ~1,000 lines of low resource data without any external help. Firstly, we propose a systematic method to rank and choose source languages that are close to the low resource language. We call the linguistic definition of language family Family of Origin (FAMO), and we call the empirical definition of higher-ranked languages using our metrics Family of Choice (FAMC). Secondly, we build an Iteratively Pretrained Multilingual Order-preserving Lexiconized Transformer (IPML) to train on ~1,000 lines (~3.5%) of low resource data. To translate named entities correctly, we build a massive lexicon table for 2,939 Bible named entities in 124 source languages, and include many that occur once and covers more than 66 severely low resource languages. Moreover, we also build a novel method of combining translations from different source languages into one. Using English as a hypothetical low resource language, we get a +23.9 BLEU increase over a multilingual baseline, and a +10.3 BLEU increase over our asymmetric baseline in the Bible dataset. We get a 42.8 BLEU score for Portuguese-English translation on the medical EMEA dataset. We also have good results for a real severely low resource Mayan language, Eastern Pokomchi.
The Solar Neighborhood. XVIII. Discovery of new proper motion stars with 0.40 arcsec yr^-1 > mu >= 0.18 arcsec yr^-1 between declinations -90 degrees and -47 degrees
Creators: name: Finch, Charlie T.
name: Henry, Todd J.
name: Subasavage, John P.
name: Jao, Wei-Chun
name: Hambly, Nigel C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report 1606 new proper motion systems in the southern sky (declinations -90 degrees to -47 degrees with 0.40 arcsec yr^-1 > mu >= 0.18 yr^-1. This effort is a continuation of the SuperCOSMOS-RECONS (SCR) proper motion search to lower proper motions than reported in Papers VIII, X, XII, and XV in this series. Distance estimates are presented for the new systems, assuming that all stars are on the main sequence. We find that 31 systems are within 25 pc, including two systems -- SCR 0838-5855 and SCR 1826-6542 -- we anticipate to be within 10 pc. These new discoveries constitute a more than ten-fold increase in new systems found in the same region of sky searched for systems with mu >= 0.40 arcsec yr^-1, suggesting a happy hunting ground for new nearby slower proper motion systems in the region just north (declinations -47 degrees to 0 degrees, much of which has not been rigorously searched during previous efforts.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures (reduced quality), accepted 2 March 2007 for publication in Astronomical Journal
Anomaly detection in Hyper Suprime-Cam galaxy images with generative adversarial networks
Creators: name: Storey-Fisher, Kate
name: Huertas-Company, Marc
name: Ramachandra, Nesar
name: Lanusse, Francois
name: Leauthaud, Alexie
name: Luo, Yifei
name: Huang, Song
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of anomaly detection in astronomical surveys is becoming increasingly important as data sets grow in size. We present the results of an unsupervised anomaly detection method using a Wasserstein generative adversarial network (WGAN) on nearly one million optical galaxy images in the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. The WGAN learns to generate realistic HSC-like galaxies that follow the distribution of the data set; anomalous images are defined based on a poor reconstruction by the generator and outlying features learned by the discriminator. We find that the discriminator is more attuned to potentially interesting anomalies compared to the generator, and compared to a simpler autoencoder-based anomaly detection approach, so we use the discriminator-selected images to construct a high-anomaly sample of $\sim$13,000 objects. We propose a new approach to further characterize these anomalous images: we use a convolutional autoencoder to reduce the dimensionality of the residual differences between the real and WGAN-reconstructed images and perform UMAP clustering on these. We report detected anomalies of interest including galaxy mergers, tidal features, and extreme star-forming galaxies. A follow-up spectroscopic analysis of one of these anomalies is detailed in the Appendix; we find that it is an unusual system most likely to be a metal-poor dwarf galaxy with an extremely blue, higher-metallicity HII region. We have released a catalog with the WGAN anomaly scores; the code and catalog are available at https://github.com/kstoreyf/anomalies-GAN-HSC, and our interactive visualization tool for exploring the clustered data is at https://weirdgalaxi.es.
description: Published in MNRAS
Noise and diffusion of particles obeying asymmetric exclusion processes
Creators: name: Rosini, M.
name: Reggiani, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between noise and Fick's diffusion coefficient in barrier limited transport associated with hopping or tunneling mechanisms of particles obeying the asymmetric simple exclusion processes (ASEP) is physically assessed by Monte Carlo simulations. For a closed ring consisting of a large number of barriers the diffusion coefficient is related explicitly to the current noise thus revealing the existence of a generalized Nyquist-Einstein relation. Both diffusion and noise are confirmed to decrease as the square root of the number of barriers as a consequence of the correlation induced by ASEP. By contrast, for an open linear chain of barriers the diffusion coefficient is found to be no longer related to current noise. Here diffusion depends on particle concentration but is independent of the number of barriers.
Numerical Kaehler-Einstein metric on the third del Pezzo
Creators: name: Doran, C.
name: Headrick, M.
name: Herzog, C. P.
name: Kantor, J.
name: Wiseman, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The third del Pezzo surface admits a unique Kaehler-Einstein metric, which is not known in closed form. The manifold's toric structure reduces the Einstein equation to a single Monge-Ampere equation in two real dimensions. We numerically solve this nonlinear PDE using three different algorithms, and describe the resulting metric. The first two algorithms involve simulation of Ricci flow, in complex and symplectic coordinates respectively. The third algorithm involves turning the PDE into an optimization problem on a certain space of metrics, which are symplectic analogues of the "algebraic" metrics used in numerical work on Calabi-Yau manifolds. Our algorithms should be applicable to general toric manifolds. Using our metric, we compute various geometric quantities of interest, including Laplacian eigenvalues and a harmonic (1,1)-form. The metric and (1,1)-form can be used to construct a Klebanov-Tseytlin-like supergravity solution.
description: 42 pages, 37 figures; v2 ref, preprint # added
Determinants of fitness in an island population of song sparrows
Creators: name: Hochachka, Wesley Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Patterns and causes of variation in the reproductive success of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) are investigated in this thesis. The two general patterns looked for were: inter-annual variation in reproductive success, and repeatability of reproductive success of individual parents. The specific problems addressed were: (1) whether intra-seasonal variation in reproductive success was the result of differences in the quality of parents or their territories; (2) whether nutritional condition of nestlings affected their subsequent survival; (3) whether variation in morphology of adult sparrows was influenced by the conditions under which birds grew up; and (4) given the patterns discovered in the first three sections, how trade-offs between present and future reproduction constrain the effort expended by adult sparrows in reproduction. Data used in this thesis came from a long-term (1975-present) descriptive study of the population of Song Sparrows living on Mandarte Island, B.C., Canada. Data on survival, reproductive success, and nestling and adult morphology were all available. The approach taken in the thesis was to search for systematic variation in the data, and from these patterns to make inferences about cause and effect. The following conclusions are made: (1) the intra-seasonal decline in clutch size, observed in populations of many species of birds, was the result of poor birds or birds on poor quality territories both nesting later and laying smaller clutches; (2) nestlings in better nutritional condition had a higher probability of survival while under the care of their parents, than nestlings in poor nutritional condition; (3) the probability of survival of offspring after they left their parents' care was lower for young born later in the year, but this pattern is not caused by variation among parents or their territories (contrary to the cause of seasonal decline in clutch size); (4) morphology of birds as adults was affected by the environment that birds grew up in, with nutritional condition and population density while a nestling both affecting adult morphology; (5) the effort that parents expend on reproduction is constrained by ability to vary reproductive effort with date of nesting and parental age.
Superradiant lasing in inhomogeneously broadened ensembles with spatially varying coupling
Creators: name: Bychek, Anna
name: Hotter, Christoph
name: Plankensteiner, David
name: Ritsch, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical studies of superradiant lasing on optical clock transitions predict a superb frequency accuracy and precision closely tied to the bare atomic linewidth. Such a superradiant laser is also robust against cavity fluctuations when the spectral width of the lasing mode is much larger than that of the atomic medium. Recent predictions suggest that this unique feature persists even for a hot and thus strongly broadened ensemble, provided the effective atom number is large enough. Here we use a second-order cumulant expansion approach to study the power, linewidth and lineshifts of such a superradiant laser as a function of the inhomogeneous width of the ensemble including variations of the spatial atom-field coupling within the resonator. We present conditions on the atom numbers, the pump and coupling strengths required to reach the buildup of collective atomic coherence as well as scaling and limitations for the achievable laser linewidth.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Emergence of Chaotic Itinerancy in Simple Ecological Systems
Creators: name: Kim, Pan-Jun
name: Ko, Tae-Wook
name: Jeong, Hawoong
name: Lee, Kyoung J.
name: Han, Seung Kee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Chaotic itinerancy is a universal dynamical concept that describes itinerant motion among many different ordered states through chaotic transition in dynamical systems. Unlike the expectation of the prevalence of chaotic itinerancy in high-dimensional systems, we identify chaotic itinerant behavior from a relatively simple ecological system, which consists only of two coupled consumer-resource pairs. The system exhibits chaotic bursting activity, in which the explosion and the shrinkage of the population alternate indefinitely, while the explosion of one pair co-occurs with the shrinkage of the other pair. We analyze successfully the bursting activity in the framework of chaotic itinerancy, and find that large duration times of bursts tend to cluster in time, allowing the effective burst prognosis. We also investigate the control schemes on the bursting activity, and demonstrate that invoking the competitive rise of the consumer in one pair can even elongate the burst of the other pair rather than shorten it.
Fermion Tunneling from Dynamical Horizons
Creators: name: Di Criscienzo, Roberto
name: Vanzo, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The instability against emission of fermionic particles by the trapping horizon of an evolving black hole is analyzed using the Hamilton-Jacobi tunneling method. This method automatically selects one special expression for the surface gravity of a changing horizon. The results also apply to point masses embedded in an expanding universe. As a bonus of the tunneling method, we gain the insight that the surface gravity still defines a temperature parameter as long as the evolution is sufficiently slow that the black hole pass through a sequence of quasi-equilibrium states, and that black holes should be semi-classically unstable even in a hypothetical world without bosonic fields.
description: 8 pages, standard Latex document, few references added
d-Wave Checkerboard Order in Cuprates
Creators: name: Seo, Kangjun
name: Chen, Han-Dong
name: Hu, Jiangping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the d-wave ordering in particle-hole channels, dubbed d-wave checkerboard order, possesses important physics that can sufficiently explain the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) results in cuprates. A weak d-wave checkerboard order can effectively suppress the coherence peak in the single-particle spectrum while leaving the spectrum along the nodal direction almost unaffected. Simultaneously, it generates a Fermi arc with little dispersion around the nodal points at finite temperature that is consistent with the results of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments in the pseudogap phase. We also show that there is a general complementary connection between the d-wave checkerboard order and the pair-density-wave order. Suppressing superconductivity locally or globally through phase fluctuations should induce both orders in underdoped cuprates and explain the nodal-antinodal dichotomy observed in ARPES and STM experiments.
Gap solitons in quasiperiodic optical lattices
Creators: name: Sakaguchi, Hidetsugu
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Families of solitons in one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) Gross-Pitaevskii equations with the repulsive nonlinearity and a potential of the quasicrystallic type are constructed (in the 2D case, the potential corresponds to a five-fold optical lattice). Stable 1D solitons in the weak potential are explicitly found in three bandgaps. These solitons are mobile, and they collide elastically. Many species of tightly bound 1D solitons are found in the strong potential, both stable and unstable (unstable ones transform themselves into asymmetric breathers). In the 2D model, families of both fundamental and vortical solitons are found and are shown to be stable.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
Observing Correlations Between Dark Matter Accretion and Galaxy Growth: II. Testing the Impact of Galaxy Mass, Star Formation Indicator, and Neighbour Colours
Creators: name: O'Donnell, Christine
name: Behroozi, Peter
name: More, Surhud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A crucial question in galaxy formation is what role new accretion has in star formation. Theoretical models have predicted a wide range of correlation strengths between halo accretion and galaxy star formation. Previously, we presented a technique to observationally constrain this correlation strength for isolated Milky Way-mass galaxies at $z\sim 0.12$, based on the correlation between halo accretion and the density profile of neighbouring galaxies. By applying this technique to both observational data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and simulation data from the UniverseMachine, where we can test different correlation strengths, we ruled out positive correlations between dark matter accretion and recent star formation activity. In this work, we expand our analysis by (1) applying our technique separately to red and blue neighbouring galaxies, which trace different infall populations, (2) correlating dark matter accretion rates with $D_{n}4000$ measurements as a longer-term quiescence indicator than instantaneous star-formation rates, and (3) analyzing higher-mass isolated central galaxies with $10^{11.0} < M_*/M_\odot < 10^{11.5}$ out to $z\sim 0.18$. In all cases, our results are consistent with non-positive correlation strengths with $\gtrsim 85$ per cent confidence, suggesting that processes such as gas recycling dominate star formation in massive $z=0$ galaxies.
description: 16 pages; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Refractometry of organosilica microspheres
Creators: name: Seet, Katrina Y. T.
name: Vogel, Robert
name: Nieminen, Timo A.
name: Knoener, Gregor
name: Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina
name: Trau, Matt
name: Zvyagin, Andrei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The refractive index of novel organosilica (nano/micro)material is determined using two methods. The first method is based on analysis of optical extinction efficiency of organosilica beads versus wavelength, which is obtained by a standard laboratory spectrometer. The second method relies on the measurable trapping potential of these beads in the focused light beam (laser tweezers). Polystyrene beads were used to test these methods, and the determined dispersion curves of refractive index values have been found accurate. The refractive index of organosilica beads has been determined to range from 1.60-1.51 over the wavelength range of 300-1100 nm.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
A New Approach for Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetries from Twist-3 Soft-Gluon Mechanism
Creators: name: Koike, Yuji
name: Tanaka, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dominant QCD mechanism for the single transverse-spin asymmetry in hard processes is induced by the twist-3 quark-gluon correlations inside nucleon, combined with the soft-gluonic poles to produce the interfering phase for the associated partonic hard scattering. It is shown that the corresponding interfering amplitude can be calculated entirely in terms of the partonic Born cross section which participates in the twist-2 cross section formula for the spin-averaged process.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Talk presented at SPIN2006, October 2-7, 2006, Kyoto, Japan
Disformal transformation of physical quantities associated with relativistic stars
Creators: name: Minamitsuji, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how physical quantities associated with relativistic stars in the Jordan and Einstein frames are related by the generalized disformal transformations constructed by the scalar and vector fields within the slow-rotation approximation. We consider the most general scalar disformal transformation constructed by the scalar field, and by the vector field without and with the $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, respectively. At the zeroth order of the slow-rotation approximation, by imposing that both the metrics of the Jordan and Einstein frames are asymptotically flat, we show that the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner mass is frame invariant. At the first order of the slow-rotation approximation, we discuss the disformal transformations of the frame-dragging function, angular velocity, angular momentum, and moment of inertia of the star. We show that the angular velocity of the star is frame invariant in all the cases. While the angular momentum and moment of inertia are invariant under the scalar disformal transformation, they are not under the vector disformal transformation without and with the $U(1)$ gauge symmetry.
description: 11 pages, no figure, published version
Scalable and automated Evaluation of Blue Team cyber posture in Cyber Ranges
Creators: name: Bianchi, Federica
name: Bassetti, Enrico
name: Spognardi, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cyber ranges are virtual training ranges that have emerged as indispensable environments for conducting secure exercises and simulating real or hypothetical scenarios. These complex computational infrastructures enable the simulation of attacks, facilitating the evaluation of defense tools and methodologies and developing novel countermeasures against threats. One of the main challenges of cyber range scalability is the exercise evaluation that often requires the manual intervention of human operators, the White team. This paper proposes a novel approach that uses Blue and Red team reports and well-known databases to automate the evaluation and assessment of the exercise outcomes, overcoming the limitations of existing assessment models. Our proposal encompasses evaluating various aspects and metrics, explicitly emphasizing Blue Teams' actions and strategies and allowing the automated generation of their cyber posture.
de Sitter space and the equivalence between f(R) and scalar-tensor gravity
Creators: name: Faraoni, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that, when f'' is non-vanishing, metric f(R) gravity is completely equivalent to a scalar-tensor theory (with zero Brans-Dicke parameter) with respect to perturbations of de Sitter space, contrary to previous expectations. Moreover, the stability conditions of de Sitter space with respect to homogeneous and inhomogeneous perturbations coincide in most scalar-tensor theories, as is the case in metric f(R) gravity.
description: 4 pages, revtex, to appear in Phys. Rev. D. Revised version contains additional and updated references
A note on the paper by Bugeaud and Laurent "Minoration effective de la distance p-adique entre puissances de nombres algébriques"
Creators: name: Yamada, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A05, 11A07, 11J86

description: We shall make a slight improvement to a result of p-adic logarithms which gives a nontrivial upper bound for the exponent of p dividing the Fermat quotient x^{p-1}-1.
description: 9 pages, submitted to J. Number Theory
Efeitos do treino pliométrico na partida de blocos de natação em adolescentes
Creators: name: Miranda, Hugo
name: Valamatos, Maria João
name: Palla, José
name: Reis, Joana
Publisher: name: Motricidade
Year: 2021

description: A partida de blocos de natação apresenta uma influência de 30% do desempenho de uma prova de 50 metros e parece estar relacionada com a potência dos membros inferiores (West et al., 2011). Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os efeitos do treino pliométrico (TP) na potência dos membros inferiores e na performance da partida de blocos de natação. 17 nadadores adolescentes foram organizados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: TP (n = 8; 14,4 ± 0,7 anos, 168,0 ± 11,5 cm e 55,7 ± 6,3 kg) e grupo de controlo (CON) (n = 9;13,9 ± 0,6 anos, 163,9 ± 7,7 cm e 52,8 ± 4,9 kg). Durante seis semanas, ambos os grupos realizaram o mesmo treino de água (sete sessões semanais). Adicionalmente, o grupo TP realizou uma sessão semanal de treino pliométrico no ginásio. Antes e após a intervenção os nadadores foram avaliados na potência dos membros inferiores através do Squat Jump (SJ) e do Counter-Movement Jump (CMJ) - (ChronoJump, Boscosystem ®, Barcelona, Espanha) e na performance da partida de blocos de natação Track Start após estímulo sonoro (tempo aos 15m). Após se ter verificado a normalidade de todas as variáveis, foi aplicado o t-test de amostras independentes para comparar as variações promovidas nos diferentes grupos. Assumiu-se valor de significância p < 0.05. O grupo TP apresentou um aumento significativamente superior ao grupo CON no SJ e CMJ (altura de salto e potência relativa). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre grupos para o tempo aos 15m. Uma sessão semanal de TP promoveu a melhoria da potência dos membros inferiores. No entanto, tal melhoria não se refletiu na melhoria na performance da partida em natação, possivelmente devido à curta duração (6 semanas), reduzido volume do programa de TP e à influência de outros fatores técnicos no desempenho da mesma, nomeadamente na posição inicial e aplicação de força no bloco ou no percurso subaquático. Conclui-se que o TP é um método eficaz no desenvolvimento de potência dos membros inferiores, no entanto o seu impacto na performance da partida de natação não é refletido ao fim de 6 semanas.
description: Motricidade, Vol. 17 No. S1 (2021): Proceedings of the XLIII Technical and Scientific Congress of the Portuguese Association of Swimming Technicians
Structural block driven - enhanced convolutional neural representation for relation extraction
Creators: name: Wang, Dongsheng
name: Tiwari, Prayag
name: Garg, Sahil
name: Zhu, Hongyin
name: Bruza, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a novel lightweight relation extraction approach of structural block driven - convolutional neural learning. Specifically, we detect the essential sequential tokens associated with entities through dependency analysis, named as a structural block, and only encode the block on a block-wise and an inter-block-wise representation, utilizing multi-scale CNNs. This is to 1) eliminate the noisy from irrelevant part of a sentence; meanwhile 2) enhance the relevant block representation with both block-wise and inter-block-wise semantically enriched representation. Our method has the advantage of being independent of long sentence context since we only encode the sequential tokens within a block boundary. Experiments on two datasets i.e., SemEval2010 and KBP37, demonstrate the significant advantages of our method. In particular, we achieve the new state-of-the-art performance on the KBP37 dataset; and comparable performance with the state-of-the-art on the SemEval2010 dataset.
The mathematical basis for deterministic quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Hooft, Gerard 't
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If there exists a classical, i.e. deterministic theory underlying quantum mechanics, an explanation must be found of the fact that the Hamiltonian, which is defined to be the operator that generates evolution in time, is bounded from below. The mechanism that can produce exactly such a constraint is identified in this paper. It is the fact that not all classical data are registered in the quantum description. Large sets of values of these data are assumed to be indistinguishable, forming equivalence classes. It is argued that this should be attributed to information loss, such as what one might suspect to happen during the formation and annihilation of virtual black holes. The nature of the equivalence classes is further elucidated, as it follows from the positivity of the Hamiltonian. Our world is assumed to consist of a very large number of subsystems that may be regarded as approximately independent, or weakly interacting with one another. As long as two (or more) sectors of our world are treated as being independent, they all must be demanded to be restricted to positive energy states only. What follows from these considerations is a unique definition of energy in the quantum system in terms of the periodicity of the limit cycles of the deterministic model.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures. Minor corrections, comments and explanations added
Quantum Brachistochrone for Mixed States
Creators: name: Carlini, A.
name: Hosoya, A.
name: Koike, T.
name: Okudaira, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general formalism based on the variational principle for finding the time-optimal quantum evolution of mixed states governed by a master equation, when the Hamiltonian and the Lindblad operators are subject to certain constraints. The problem reduces to solving first a fundamental equation (the {\it quantum brachistochrone}) for the Hamiltonian, which can be written down once the constraints are specified, and then solving the constraints and the master equation for the Lindblad and the density operators. As an application of our formalism, we study a simple one-qubit model where the optimal Lindblad operators control decoherence and can be simulated by a tunable coupling with an ancillary qubit. It is found that the evolution through mixed states can be more efficient than the unitary evolution between given pure states. We also discuss the mixed state evolution as a finite time unitary evolution of the system plus an environment followed by a single measurement. For the simplest choice of the constraints, the optimal duration time for the evolution is an exponentially decreasing function of the environment's degrees of freedom.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
On the Significance of the Weyl Curvature in a Relativistic Cosmological Model
Creators: name: Danehkar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Weyl curvature includes the Newtonian field and an additional field, the so-called anti-Newtonian. In this paper, we use the Bianchi and Ricci identities to provide a set of constraints and propagations for the Weyl fields. The temporal evolutions of propagations manifest explicit solutions of gravitational waves. We see that models with purely Newtonian field are inconsistent with relativistic models and obstruct sounding solutions. Therefore, both fields are necessary for the nonlocal nature and radiative solutions of gravitation.
description: 15 pages, incorporating proof corrections