cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the phase transition in the $2D$ Ising ferromagnet using a Lempel-Ziv string parsing scheme and black-box data-compression utilities
Creators: name: Melchert, O.
name: Hartmann, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we consider information-theoretical observables to analyze short symbolic sequences, comprising time-series that represent the orientation of a single spin in a $2D$ Ising ferromagnet on a square lattice of size $L^2=128^2$, for different system temperatures $T$. The latter were chosen from an interval enclosing the critical point $T_{\rm c}$ of the model. At small temperatures the sequences are thus very regular, at high temperatures they are maximally random. In the vicinity of the critical point, nontrivial, long-range correlations appear. Here, we implement estimators for the entropy rate, excess entropy (i.e. "complexity") and multi-information. First, we implement a Lempel-Ziv string parsing scheme, providing seemingly elaborate entropy rate and multi-information estimates and an approximate estimator for the excess entropy. Furthermore, we apply easy-to-use black-box data compression utilities, providing approximate estimators only. For comparison and to yield results for benchmarking purposes we implement the information-theoretic observables also based on the well-established M-block Shannon entropy, which is more tedious to apply compared to the the first two "algorithmic" entropy estimation procedures. To test how well one can exploit the potential of such data compression techniques, we aim at detecting the critical point of the $2D$ Ising ferromagnet. Among the above observables, the multi-information, which is known to exhibit an isolated peak at the critical point, is very easy to replicate by means of both efficient algorithmic entropy estimation procedures. Finally, we assess how good the various algorithmic entropy estimates compare to the more conventional block entropy estimates and illustrate a simple modification that yields enhanced results.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, supersedes arXiv:1206.7032
title: Partizipative und sozialverantwortliche Technikentwicklung
Creators: name: Berger, Arne
name: Mucha, Henrik
name: Horn, Viktoria
name: Bischof, Andreas
name: Volkmann, Torben
name: Draude, Claude
name: Becker, Alexa
name: Haupt, Benedikt
name: Jarke, Juliane
name: Maas, Franzisca
name: Wolf, Sara
name: Dhungel, Anna-Katharina
name: Buchmüller, Sandra
name: Marsden, Nicola 0
Publisher: name: GI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: partizipatives design

description: Im Workshop treffen sich Forscher*innen und Praktiker*innen zu Austausch und Diskussion über die Beteiligung von Nutzer*innen an Technikentwicklungsprozessen. Sie gehen dabei der Frage nach, wie Partizipation dem Anspruch auf Demokratisierung und Empowerment in Forschung und Praxis gerecht werden kann. Der Workshop dient auch als jährliches Treffen der Fachgruppe „Partizipation“ im Fachbereich Mensch-Computer-Interaktion (MCI) der Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI).
Edge-Driven Phase Transitions in 2D Ice
Creators: name: Negi, Suchit
name: Carvalho, Alexandra
name: Trushin, Maxim
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 2D water, confined by atomically flat layered materials, may transit into various crystalline phases even at room temperature. However, to gain full control over the crystalline state, we should not only confine water in the out of plane direction but also restrict its in plane motion, forming 2D water clusters or ribbons. One way to do this is by using an electric field, in particular the intrinsic electric field of an adjacent polar material. We have found that the crystalline phases of 2D water clusters placed between two hexagonal boron nitride hBN nanoribbons are crucially determined by the nanoribbons edges, the resulting polarity of the nanoribbons, and their interlayer distance. We make use of density functional theory with further assistance of molecular dynamics simulations to establish the comprehensive phase diagrams demonstrating transitions between liquid and solid phases and between the states of different crystalline orders. We also show that the crystalline orders are maintained when water flows between hBN channels under external pressure. Our results open a promising pathway towards the control of water structure and its flow by the use of the microscopic electric field of polar materials.
Comparison between thermal and current driven spin-transfer torque in nanopillar metallic spin valves
Creators: name: Flipse, J.
name: Dejene, F. K.
name: van Wees, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relation between thermal spin-transfer torque (TSTT) and the spin-dependent Seebeck effect (SDSE), which produces a spin current when a temperature gradient is applied across a metallic ferromagnet, in nanopillar metallic spin valves. Comparing its angular dependence (aSDSE) with the angle dependent magnetoresistance (aMR) measurements on the same device, we are able to verify that a small spin heat accumulation builds up in our devices. From the SDSE measurement and the observed current driven STT switching current of 0.8 mA in our spin valve devices, it was estimated that a temperature difference of 230 K is needed to produce an equal amount of TSTT. Experiments specifically focused on investigating TSTT show a response that is dominated by overall heating of the magnetic layer. Comparing it to the current driven STT experiments we estimate that only ~10% of the response is due to TSTT. This leads us to conclude that switching dominated by TSTT requires a direct coupling to a perfect heat sink to minimize the effect of overall heating. Nevertheless the combined effect of heating, STT and TSTT could prove useful for inducing magnetization switching when further investigated and optimized.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Quantitative characterization of several entanglement detection criteria
Creators: name: Sauer, A.
name: Bernád, J. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantitative characterization of different entanglement detection criteria for bipartite systems is presented. We review the implication sequence of these criteria and then numerically estimate volume ratios between criteria non-violating quantum states and all quantum states. The numerical approach is based on the hit-and-run algorithm, which is applied to the convex set of all quantum states embedded into a Euclidean vector space of the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product. We demonstrate that reduction, majorization, and the Rényi-entropy-based criteria are very ineffective compared to the positive partial transpose. In the case of the Rényi-entropy-based criterion, we show that the ratio of detectable entanglement increases with the order of the Rényi entropy.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
title: Gossypiboma: foreign bodies that radiologists cannot forget!
Creators: name: Farias, Lucas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Inflammation
subject: Infection
subject: Foreign bodies
subject: Medico-legal issues
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Complications
subject: MR
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Thorax
subject: Emergency
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this essay is to: Review structural imaging abnormalitieson conventional radiography (CR), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Correlate important findings of gossypibomas with their clinical, anatomy and...
Interpretation of van der Waals density functionals
Creators: name: Hyldgaard, Per
name: Berland, Kristian
name: Schröder, Elsebeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlocal correlation energy in the van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) method [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 246401 (2004); Phys. Rev. B 76, 125112 (2007); Phys. Rev. B 89, 035412 (2014)] can be interpreted in terms of a coupling of zero-point energies of characteristic modes of semilocal exchange-correlation (xc) holes. These xc holes reflect the internal functional in the framework of the vdW-DF method [Phys. Rev. B 82, 081101(2010)]. We explore the internal xc hole components, showing that they share properties with those of the generalized-gradient approximation. We use these results to illustrate the nonlocality in the vdW-DF description and analyze the vdW-DF formulation of nonlocal correlation.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. Submited to Physical Review B
title: BORDER ZONE INFARCTS: imaging characteristics
Creators: name: Urquieta, Gabriela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Vascular
subject: MR
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Education
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To be able to recognize the different types of border zone infarcts. To understand the underlying causal mechanisms of border zone infarcts. To describe the imaging features of border zone infarcts. To know how to select the best imaging...
Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments with both Numeral and Distributional Inputs
Creators: name: Li, Chunya
name: Cui, Xiaojun
name: Xiong, Shifeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Nowadays stochastic computer simulations with both numeral and distributional inputs are widely used to mimic complex systems which contain a great deal of uncertainty. This article studies the design and analysis issues of such computer experiments. First, we provide preliminary results concerning the Wasserstein distance in probability measure spaces. To handle the product space of the Euclidean space and the probability measure space, we prove that, through the mapping from a point in the Euclidean space to the mass probability measure at this point, the Euclidean space can be isomorphic to the subset of the probability measure space, which consists of all the mass measures, with respect to the Wasserstein distance. Therefore, the product space can be viewed as a product probability measure space. We derive formulas of the Wasserstein distance between two components of this product probability measure space. Second, we use the above results to construct Wasserstein distance-based space-filling criteria in the product space of the Euclidean space and the probability measure space. A class of optimal Latin hypercube-type designs in this product space are proposed. Third, we present a Wasserstein distance-based Gaussian process model to analyze data from computer experiments with both numeral and distributional inputs. Numerical examples and real applications to a metro simulation are presented to show the effectiveness of our methods.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new non-nucleosidic inhibitors od DNA methyltransferases
Creators: name: Viviano, Monica
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: CHIM/08 CHIMICA FARMACEUTICA
subject: DNA Methylation
subject: Epigenetics
subject: Antitumor agents

description: 2011 - 2012
description: The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, which often results from epigenetic silencing associated with DNA hypermethylation, plays a pivotal role in the development of most forms of human cancer. Moreover, there are several reports demonstrating a strictly link between DNMT1 disregulation and oncogenensis. Nucleoside analogues effectively inhibit the activity of DNA methyltransferases, but their high cytotoxicity make the development of non-nucleoside inhibitors highly desirable. Procaine and procainamide exhibit a weak DNA demethylating activity and are “repositionable” as non-nucleoside inhibitors. In this thesis, two series of Δ2-isoxazoline constrained analogues of procaine/procainamide are prepared and their inhibitory activity against DNMT1 is tested. Among them, 5b is far more potent in vitro (IC50 = 150 μM) than other inhibitors and exhibits a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect against HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells. On the basis of competition assays, we assesse that 5b competes with the cofactor and propose it as a novel lead compound for the development of new, longer compounds, obtained by the combination of this SAM-competitive scaffold with “warheads” targeting the nucleotide binding site, as “bisubstrate” inhibitors of DNMT1. Moreover, starting from a virtual screening approach, the synthesis of the six top scoring compounds, obtained by the analysis of the NCI database, is reported. Among them, NSC140052 results the most powerful compound of this series, becoming the starting point for the synthesis of a small library of new compounds. Finally, a scalable two-step continuous flow synthesis of nabumetone and relate 4-aryl-2-butanones has been developed. As demonstrated for the synthesis of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one (52b), a throughput of 0.35 kg product per hour can easily be obtained using this technique. [edited by Author]
Hidden Markov model analysis for fluorescent time series of quantum dots
Creators: name: Furuta, Tatsuhiro
name: Hamada, Keisuke
name: Oda, Masaru
name: Nakamura, Kazuma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a hidden Markov model analysis for fluorescent time series of quantum dots. A fundamental quantity to measure optical performance of the quantum dots is a distribution function for the light-emission duration. So far, to estimate it, a threshold value for the fluorescent intensity was introduced, and the light-emission state was evaluated as a state above the threshold. With this definition, the light-emission duration was estimated, and its distribution function was derived as a blinking plot. Due to the noise in the fluorescent data, however, this treatment generates a large number of artificially short-lived emission states, thus leading to an erroneous blinking plot. In the present paper, we propose a hidden Markov model to eliminate these artifacts. The hidden Markov model introduces a hidden variable specifying the light-emission and quenching states behind the observed fluorescence. We found that it is possible to avoid the above artifacts by identifying the state from the hidden-variable time series. We found that, from the analysis of experimental and theoretical benchmark data, the accuracy of our hidden Markov model is beyond human cognitive ability.
description: 16pages, 11figures, 4tables
Constraints on a possible dineutron state from pionless EFT
Creators: name: Hammer, H. W.
name: König, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sensitivity of the three-nucleon system to changes in the neutron-neutron scattering length to next-to-leading order in the pionless effective field theory, focusing on the the triton-3He binding energy difference and neutron-deuteron elastic scattering. Due to the appearance of an electromagnetic three-body counterterm at this order, the triton-3He binding energy difference remains consistent with the experimental value even for large positive neutron-neutron scattering lengths while the elastic neutron-deuteron scattering phase shifts are insensitive. We conclude that a bound dineutron cannot be excluded to next-to-leading order in pionless EFT.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Toroidal magnetic molecules stripped to their basics
Creators: name: Pister, Daniel
name: Irländer, Kilian
name: Westerbeck, Dennis
name: Schnack, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular magnetic toroidal moments are molecule-based structures of quantum spins that are expected to boost magnetic storage technology and quantum computing. We study selected fictitious but typical examples of single-molecule toroidal magnet behavior, discuss the essence of the concept and clarify inappropriate or even wrong assignments of physical properties. We provide an outlook that discusses necessary ingredients to the concept of toroidicity.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
title: Design of a grocery shopping navigation support system for visually impaired individuals
Creators: name: Deryagina, Kristina
name: Müller, Claudia
name: Jesus, Larissa
Publisher: name: GI
Year: 2023

description: Blind and visually impaired (VI) individuals encounter significant challenges in grocery shopping due to limited non-visual cues for orientation. This article presents empirical studies, including in-depth interviews and a walking tour, to understand their specific needs and challenges. It further describes the development of an assistive mobile app addressing store navigation, product search, and goods identification, accommodating planned and opportunistic purchase scenarios. Currently in the prototype stage, the app aims to bridge the physical and digital realms, providing an accessible solution for blind and VI individuals during grocery shopping. The inclusively designed interface prioritizes accessibility for all users.
Multi-functional self-healing materials for structural application
Creators: name: Calabrese, Elisa
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: CHIM/07 FONDAMENTI CHIMICI DELLE TECNOLOGIE
subject: Self-healing materials

description: 2017 - 2018
description: Main objective of this PhD thesis is the development of a new generation of self-healing multifunctional composites able to overcome some of the current limitations of aeronautical materials, such as: absence of auto-repair mechanisms integrated in the composite structure, reduced electrical conductivity and poor impact damage resistance. Structural aeronautical systems experience a broad spectrum of environmental and operational loads and atmospheric hazards (hail, lightning, storms etc.). Severe and/or prolonged load exposures may trigger the damage accumulation process even in recently deployed structures. Modern airframe design is exploiting new exciting developments in materials and structures to construct ever more efficient air vehicle able to enable ‘smart’ maintenance including self-repair capabilities. Relevant challenges for many of the already developed self-repairing systems are to enhance the structural stability, and the resistance to the atmospheric hazards through specific functions integrated in the material. The traditional approach to the development of aeronautic materials is to address the load-carrying and other functional requirements separately, resulting in a suboptimal load-bearing material with the penalty of added weight. The research activity of this PhD thesis is aimed to develop self-healing, load-bearing materials with all functionalities integrated in a single material able to meet many important requirements of this kind of materials. The main concept underpinning this PhD project is the use of the nanotechnology strategy for the production of new, high mechanical performance multifunctional materials. Based on recent developments in the field of nanotechnologies and successful strategies identified in recently papers and patents, the main objectives of this thesis have been achieved. The performed research activities allowed the implementation of a new generation of self-healing composites, which also considers relevant aspects related to the need of developing environmentally-friendly materials for transports. In this project, many different approaches have been considered for each functionality in order to reduce the risk of failure. Alternative concepts with respect to designs already proposed in literature have been explored. Multifunctional resins prepared using chemicals not commercially available yet have been developed and characterized. ... [edited by Author]
title: Tips and tricks for detecting diffuse axonal injury on CT and MR neuroimaging
Creators: name: Marinkic, Maja
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Emergency
subject: CNS
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Education
subject: Acute
subject: Trauma
subject: Haemorrhage

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this educational exhibit is to identify the radiological and pathological features of diffuse axonal injury...
title: Responsibilities for accessibility in companies - Who does it?
Creators: name: Bittenbinder, Sven
name: Müller, Claudia
Publisher: name: GI
Year: 2023

description: With the Barrierefreiheitsstärkungsgesetz (BFSG) coming into force in Germany, companies now have to deal with new accessibility requirements as part of their corporate processes. There are many uncertainties and ambiguities as to who in the company should be responsible for adapting appropriate processes and making decisions. This paper provides a practical insight into a negotiation process between employees in different corporate roles. Data was collected through a group discussion and analyzed for relevant themes. The results show the focused business viewpoints of accessibility at different levels of the organization. These include effort-risk analysis, corporate or product strategy, and personal success metrics.
Interaction of Polar and Nonpolar Organic Pollutants with Soil Organic Matter: Sorption Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Creators: name: Ahmed, Ashour A.
name: Thiele-Bruhn, Sören
name: Aziz, Saadullah G.
name: Hilal, Rifaat H.
name: Elroby, Shaaban A.
name: Al-Youbi, Abdulrahman O.
name: Leinweber, Peter
name: Kühn, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fate of organic pollutants in the environment is influenced by several factors including the type and strength of their interactions with soil components especially SOM. However, a molecular level answer to the question How organic pollutants interact with SOM? is lacking. In order to explore mechanisms of this interaction, we have developed a new SOM model followed by carrying out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in parallel with sorption experiments. The new SOM model comprises free SOM functional groups (carboxylic acid and naphthalene) as well as SOM cavities (with two different sizes), representing the soil voids, containing the same SOM functional groups. To examine the effect of the hydrophobicity on the interaction, the organic pollutants hexachlorobenzene (HCB, non-polar) and sulfanilamide (SAA, polar) were considered. The experimental and the theoretical outcomes explored four major points regarding sorption of SAA and HCB on soil. 1. The interaction depends on the SOM chemical composition more than the SOM content. 2. The interaction causes a site-specific adsorption on the soil surfaces. 3. Sorption hysteresis occurs, which can be explained by inclusion of these pollutants inside soil voids. 4. It was observed that the hydrophobic HCB is adsorbed on soil stronger than the hydrophilic SAA. Moreover, the theoretical results showed that HCB forms stable complexes with all SOM models in the aqueous solution while most of SAA complexes are accompanied by dissociation. The SOM-cavity modeling showed a significant effect on binding of organic pollutants to SOM.
Design and analysis of computer experiments with both numeral and distributional inputs
Creators: name: Li, Chunya
name: Cui, Xiaojun
name: Xiong, Shifeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Nowadays stochastic computer simulations with both numeral and distributional inputs are widely used to mimic complex systems which contain a great deal of uncertainty. This article studies the design and analysis issues of such computer experiments. First, we provide preliminary results concerning the Wasserstein distance in probability measure spaces. To handle the product space of the Euclidean space and the probability measure space, we prove that, through the mapping from a point in the Euclidean space to the mass probability measure at this point, the Euclidean space can be isomorphic to the subset of the probability measure space, which consists of all the mass measures, with respect to the Wasserstein distance. Therefore, the product space can be viewed as a product probability measure space. We derive formulas of the Wasserstein distance between two components of this product probability measure space. Second, we use the above results to construct Wasserstein distance-based space-filling criteria in the product space of the Euclidean space and the probability measure space. A class of optimal Latin hypercube-type designs in this product space are proposed. Third, we present a Wasserstein distance-based Gaussian process model to analyze data from computer experiments with both numeral and distributional inputs. Numerical examples and real applications to a metro simulation are presented to show the effectiveness of our methods.
title: Emotion Intent Evoking System (EIES) – Using Colour and Sound to communicate Emotion Intent for Social Robotics
Creators: name: Göhler, Volker
name: Robinson, Sherry
Publisher: name: GI
Year: 2023

description: The field of social robotics is gaining increasing significance as robots are assuming roles that involve human interaction. Establishing acceptance and trust among coworkers or customers is crucialfor the success of these systems. Given that emotional interactions play a fundamental role in human societies’ social dynamics, it is reasonable to apply them to social robotics as well. In this paper, we introduce the Emotion Intent Evoking System (EIES), which incorporates color and sound modalities as passive components, along with a simulated human face as an active component. Additionally, we outline our proposed experiments aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and feasibility of our components.
title: Paraparesis and Quadriparesis: Utility of emergent Spine MRI for diagnosis and management in Non traumatic setting
Creators: name: Ezhapilli, Sajeev
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Abscess
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To illustrate the diverse non traumatic pathologies for paraparesis and quadriparesis that can be seen with emergent spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and demonstrate their typical MRI spine findings To educate participants regarding imaging...
title: Multi-Objective Counterfactuals for Counterfactual Fairness in User Centered AI
Creators: name: Amin, Rifat Mehreen
Publisher: name: GI
Year: 2023

description: This position paper emphasizes the role of user-centered artificial intelligence in critical decision-making domains in machine learning models. In this paper, I introduce MOCCF (Multi-Objective Counterfactuals for Counterfactual Fairness) as an extended method that generates realistic counterfactuals by leveraging multiple objectives. Furthermore, to increase transparency, I propose two fairness metrics, Absolute Mean Prediction Difference (AMPD), and Model Biasness Estimation (MBE). I argue that these metrics enable the detection and quantification of unfairness in binary classification models both at the individual and holistic levels consecutively and contribute to user-centered artificial intelligence.
title: Neuroimaging Findings on Follow-up of patients with Congenital Zika Syndrome after one year and predictors of evolution to hydrcephalus.
Creators: name: Fernandes, Andrezza
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Congenital
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric
subject: Neuroradiology brain

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Compare the cranioencephalic CT and/or MR findings of individuals with congenital Zika Syndrome performed during neonatal period with more recent...
title: Personalizing Large Information Radiators Using Emotion Recognition
Creators: name: Stojko, Laura
name: Koch, Michael
Publisher: name: GI
Year: 2023

description: Knowledge exchange in corporate settings can be facilitated by using large interactive displays, information radiators, displaying information about employees, current work topics, and projects. This paper gathers ideas about how to enhance the user’s experience proactively using emotion recognition and how this could be useful for personalizing the interaction. Based on the literature, ideas of how this could be done are described. This should encourage discussions and creative visions about how to use emotion recognition as implicit user feedback for personalization.
title: ‘Admirably situated for Building upon’ Ashton Freehold Land Society and the suburban development of mid-Victorian Preston
Creators: name: Latimer, Sue
Publisher: name: University of Central Lancashire
Year: 2024

description: This dissertation examines the impact of the mid-Victorian freehold land society movement on suburban development, through the case study of the Ashton Freehold Land Society, established in Preston, Lancashire. Although brief and now little-known, the movement was for a time politically and socially significant. The prevailing narrative is of freehold land societies driven by Liberal voter creation, working-class self-help, temperance and non-conformism. More recent studies have suggested they were far more diverse in practice, acting as a spur to social mobility, contributing to the development of permanent building societies and anticipating the garden suburbs. The impact of estates created by the freehold land societies is still discernible in the suburban topography of towns and cities, with many recognised as conservation areas.

The evidence for the freehold land society movement and for individual societies is sparse. Limited documentary sources have been supplemented by newspapers, family records, maps, and extensive fieldwork to establish the history of the Ashton society and the people who created and lived on the estate in Ashton-on-Ribble. The case study underpins three main arguments. The first is that the distinctive character of the Ashton Freehold estate results from its origins as a freehold land society. The diversity of its architecture and consequent early social mix can be traced to the movement’s evolution from self-help to commercial development. The second argues that joining the society and moving to the estate were significant steps in the owners’ and residents’ lives in terms of their social status and financial position. Finally, that the establishment of the estate in Ashton-on-Ribble was the point at which the aspirational but unremarkable tradesmen and shopkeepers of Preston first moved to the suburbs.

This study reveals the impact of the freehold land society movement beyond the large cities, showing how it promoted the suburban development of an industrial town. A similar approach might reveal its significance for other smaller towns. The history of a new community on the semi-rural outskirts of town is particularly relevant when Preston is once again expanding into the surrounding fields.
The supergiant shell with triggered star formation in Irr galaxy IC 2574: neutral and ionized gas kinematics
Creators: name: Egorov, O. V.
name: Lozinskaya, T. A.
name: Moiseev, A. V.
name: Smirnov-Pinchukov, G. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the ionized gas kinematics in the star formation regions of the supergiant shell (SGS) of the IC 2574 galaxy using observations with the Fabry-Perot interferometer at the 6-m telescope of SAO RAS; the data of the THINGS survey are used to analyze the neutral gas kinematics in the area. We perform the 'derotation' of the H-alpha and HI data cubes and show its efficiency in kinematics analysis. We confirm the SGS expansion velocity 25 km/s obtained by Walter & Brinks (1999) and conclude that the SGS is located at the far side of the galactic disc plane. We determine the expansion velocities, kinematic ages, and the required mechanical energy input rates for four star formation complexes in the walls of the SGS; for the remaining ones we give the limiting values of the above parameters. A comparison with the age and energy input of the complexes' stellar population shows that sufficient energy is fed to all HII regions except one. We discuss in detail the possible nature of this region and that of another one, which was believed to be an SNR according to radio observations. We measured the expansion velocity of the latter and confirm its identification as an old SNR. Our observations allowed us to identify a faint diffuse H-alpha emission inside the SGS which was never observed before.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Acute cholecystitis: what to expect from ultrasound
Creators: name: Alves, Pedro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Emergency
subject: Abdomen
subject: Acute
subject: Inflammation
subject: Calcifications / Calculi

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: - Understand the differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening - Review of sonographic features associated with acute cholecystitis - Describe pathophysiology and different patterns of cholecystitis - Recognize the findings in acute...
Dispersion and light transport characteristics of large-scale photonic-crystal coupled nanocavity arrays
Creators: name: Matsuda, Nobuyuki
name: Kuramochi, Eiichi
name: Takesue, Hiroki
name: Notomi, Masaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dispersion and transmission property of slow-light coupled-resonator optical waveguides that consist of more than 100 ultrahigh-Q photonic crystal cavities. We show that experimental group-delay spectra exhibited good agreement with numerically calculated dispersions obtained with the three-dimensional plane wave expansion method. Furthermore, a statistical analysis of the transmission property indicated that fabrication fluctuations in individual cavities are less relevant than in the localized regime. These behaviors are observed for a chain of up to 400 cavities.
title: Is Privacy a Trait or a State? Examining Hangriness and its Influence on Individual's Privacy Perception
Creators: name: Schmitt, Vera
name: Spang, Robert P.
name: Wardah, Wafaa
name: Möller, Sebastian
Publisher: name: GI
Year: 2023

description: Privacy can be approached from different perspectives. Within this research, the cognate-based definition of privacy is examined with respect to the influence of elemental traits of individuals, such as hungriness. Hungriness is examined in relation to privacy constructs, namely, privacy concern, privacy literacy, and trust and risk beliefs. This research investigates whether the sensation of hunger and an individual’s varying metabolic states influence our perception of privacy. Moreover, this research contributes to the ongoing debate in privacy studies by empirically examining whether privacy should be regarded as a state or a trait. A crowdsourcing study was conducted with 336 participants to examine the effects and associations between hungriness and the participant’s privacy perception. The results from the analysis show that hungriness does not affect privacy constructs, such as privacy concern and risk and trust beliefs, but has an effect on privacy literacy by significantly decreasing privacy literacy when being in the metabolic state called fed state (0-5 hours after having eaten). Overall, the results support the cognate-based definition of privacy, which suggests that privacy is more appropriately characterized as a trait rather than a transient state.
Twists of the Burkhardt Quartic Threefold
Creators: name: Bruin, Nils
name: Filatov, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G18, 14H10, 14K10, 11G10

description: We study twists of the Burkhardt quartic threefold over non-algebraically closed base fields of characteristic different from 2,3,5. We show they all admit quartic models in projective four-space. We identify a Galois-cohomological obstruction that measures if a given twist is birational to a moduli space of abelian varieties. This obstruction has implications for the rational points on these varieties. As a result, we see that all possible 3-level structures can be realized by abelian surfaces, whereas Kummer 3-level structures that group-theoretically may be admissible, may not be realizable over certain base fields. We give an example of a Burkhardt quartic over a bivariate function field whose desingularization has no rational points at all. Our methods are based on the representation theory of Sp(4,3), Galois cohomology, and the classical algebraic geometry of the Burkhardt quartic.
description: 16 pages; corrections of some typos and minor changes to exposition
Effect of divalent Ba cation substitution with Sr on coupled multiglass state in the magnetoelectric multiferroic compound Ba3NbFe3Si2O14
Creators: name: Rathore, Satyapal Singh
name: Vitta, Satish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Ba/Sr)3NbFe3Si2O14 is a magnetoelectric multiferroic with an incommensurate antiferromagnetic spiral magnetic structure which induces electric polarization at 26 K. The structure, as revealed by x-rays and neutrons, as well as static and dynamic magnetic and dielectric properties of these compounds have been studied down to 6 K under different conditions. Both the compounds have similar crystal structure but with different lattice constants down to 6 K. The Ba-and Sr-compounds exhibit a transition at 26 K and 25 K respectively, as indicated by the specific heat capacity and dc specific magnetization, into an antiferromagnetic state. Although Ba and Sr are isovalent, they exhibit very different static and dynamic magnetic behavior. The Ba-compound exhibits both thermal and magnetic field hysteresis with the thermal hysteresis decreasing with increasing magnetic field, a behavior typical of glasses. The glassy behavior is also clearly seen in the ac susceptibility studies which show a dispersive peak in the range 40 K to 90 K in the frequency range 10^1 Hz to 10^4 Hz. The dispersive behavior follows a cluster glass critical slowing dynamics with a freezing temperature of 35 K and a critical exponent of 3.9, a value close to the 3-D Ising model. The Sr-compound however does not exhibit any dispersive behavior except for the invariant transition at 25 K in ac susceptibility with no magnetic field hysteresis at all temperatures. The dielectric constant studied in the frequency range 10^1 Hz to 10^6 Hz also reflects the magnetic behavior of the two compounds. The Ba-compound has two distinct dispersive peaks near TN and in the range 40 K to 125 K while the Sr-compound has a single dispersive peak in the range 40 K to 80 K. The activation energy of the high temperature dispersive peak in both compounds however is found to be similar, 71 meV and 65 meV respectively for Ba- and Sr-compounds.
title: The Human-in-the-loop CrowdSurfer Concept: Providing User-centered AI Support to Crowdworkers for Improved Working Conditions and Task Outcomes
Creators: name: Benke, Ivo
name: Haug, Saskia
name: Maedche, Alexander
Publisher: name: GI
Year: 2023

description: We present our vision of a human in-the-loop crowdsourcing system, the Human-in-the-loop (HitL-) CrowdSurfer concept. It allows crowdworkers to leverage the capabilities of LLMs and on the other hand let them contribute their human skills to a potential work outcome. With the HitLCrowdSurfer, crowdworkers can surf the internet and conduct microtasks such as provision of design feedback, creativity tasks, or providing alt-tags and are assisted in the development of answers to the respective microtasks.
title: Non-cystic pediatric neck masses besides nodes
Creators: name: Torres Rodrigues, Bernardete Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Paediatric
subject: Head and neck

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: - To review the differential diagnosis of non-cystic pediatric neck masses with cases to illustrate. - To discuss a sytematic assessment of pediatric neck...
Supercharging the APGAS Programming Model with Relocatable Distributed Collections
Creators: name: Finnerty, Patrick
name: Kawanishi, Yoshiki
name: Kamada, Tomio
name: Ohta, Chikara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.1.0

description: In this article we present our relocatable distributed collections library. Building on top of the AGPAS for Java library, we provide a number of useful intra-node parallel patterns as well as the features necessary to support the distributed nature of the computation through clearly identified methods. In particular, the transfer of distributed collections' entries between processes is supported via an integrated relocation system. This enables dynamic load-balancing capabilities, making it possible for programs to adapt to uneven or evolving cluster performance. The system we developed makes it possible to dynamically control the distribution and the data-flow of distributed programs through high-level abstractions. Programmers using our library can therefore write complex distributed programs combining computation and communication phases through a consistent API. We evaluate the performance of our library against two programs taken from well-known Java benchmark suites, demonstrating superior programmability, and obtaining better performance on one benchmark and reasonable overhead on the second. Finally, we demonstrate the ease and benefits of load-balancing and on a more complex application which uses the various features of our library extensively.
description: 23 pages 8 figures Consult the source code in the GitHub repository at https://github.com/handist/collections
Nonlinear nonreciprocal transport in antiferromagnets free from spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Hayami, Satoru
name: Yatsushiro, Megumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically propose a realization of a nonlinear nonreciprocal transport in antiferromagnets without relying on the relativistic spin-orbit coupling. Through the symmetry and microscopic model analyses, we show that a local spin scalar chirality to induce an asymmetric band modulation becomes a source of a Drude-type nonlinear transport, while an electric polarization induced by a collinear spin configuration in a triangle unit leads to a Berry-curvature-dipole-type nonlinear transport. We demonstrate that 120$^\circ$ antiferromagnetic ordering on a triangular lattice and a breathing kagome lattice in an external magnetic field are typical examples. Our results open a new direction of designing and engineering functional materials with showing rich parity-violating transport phenomena by spontaneous magnetic phase transitions.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PRB
title: Sharing Personalized Mixed Reality Experiences
Creators: name: Strecker, Jannis
name: Mayer, Simon
name: Bektas, Kenan
Publisher: name: GI
Year: 2023

description: Nowadays, people encounter personalized services predominantly on the Web using personal computers or mobile devices. The increasing capabilities and pervasiveness of Mixed Reality (MR) devices, however, prepare the ground for personalization possibilities that are increasingly interwoven with our physical reality, extending beyond these traditional devices. Such ubiquitous, personalized MR experiences bring the potential to make our lives and interactions with our environments more convenient, intuitive, and safer. However, these experiences will also be prone to amplify the known beneficial and, notably, harmful implications of personalization. For instance, the loss of shared world objects or the nourishing of “real-world filter bubbles” might have serious social and societal consequences as they could lead to increasingly isolated experienced realities. In this work, we envision different modes for the sharing of personalized MR environments to counteract these potential harms of ubiquitous personalization. We furthermore illustrate the different modes with use cases and list open questions towards this vision.