cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
New constraints on the up-quark valence distribution in the proton
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Ritu
name: Botje, Michiel
name: Caldwell, Allen
name: Capel, Francesca
name: Schulz, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high-$x$ data from the ZEUS Collaboration are used to extract parton density distributions of the proton deep in the perturbative regime of QCD. The data primarily constrain the up-quark valence distribution and new results are presented on its $x$-dependence as well as on the momentum carried by the up-quark. The results were obtained using Bayesian analysis methods which can serve as a model for future parton density extractions.
description: Minor changes in final published version
Degeneracies and symmetry breaking in pseudo-Hermitian matrices
Creators: name: Melkani, Abhijeet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real eigenvalues of pseudo-Hermitian matrices, such as real matrices and $\mathcal{PT-}$symmetric matrices, frequently split into complex conjugate pairs. This is accompanied by the breaking of certain symmetries of the eigenvectors and, typically, also a drastic change in the behavior of the system. In this paper, we classify the eigenspace of pseudo-Hermitian matrices and show that such symmetry breaking occurs if and only if eigenvalues of opposite kinds collide on the real axis of the complex eigenvalue plane. This enables a classification of the disconnected regions in parameter space where all eigenvalues are real -- which correspond, physically, to the stable phases of the system. These disconnected regions are surrounded by exceptional surfaces which comprise all the real-valued exceptional points of pseudo-Hermitian matrices. The exceptional surfaces, together with the diabolic points created by their intersections, comprise all points of pseudo-Hermiticity breaking. In particular, this clarifies that the degeneracy involved in symmetry breaking is not necessarily an exceptional point. We also discuss how our study relates to conserved quantities and derive the conditions for when degeneracies caused by external symmetries are susceptible to thresholdless pseudo-Hermiticity breaking. We illustrate our results with examples from photonics, condensed matter physics, and mechanics.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures. Published at Physical Review Research
Iterative Calculation of Characteristic Modes Using Arbitrary Full-wave Solvers
Creators: name: Lundgren, Johan
name: Schab, Kurt
name: Capek, Miloslav
name: Gustafsson, Mats
name: Jelinek, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An iterative algorithm is adopted to construct approximate representations of matrices describing the scattering properties of arbitrary objects. The method is based on the implicit evaluation of scattering responses from iteratively generated excitations. The method does not require explicit knowledge of any system matrices (e.g., stiffness or impedance matrices) and is well-suited for use with matrix-free and iterative full-wave solvers, such as FDTD, FEM, and MLFMA. The proposed method allows for significant speed-up compared to the direct construction of a full transition matrix or scattering dyadic. The method is applied to the characteristic mode decomposition of arbitrarily shaped obstacles of arbitrary material distribution. Examples demonstrating the speed-up and complexity of the algorithm are studied with several commercial software packages.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 2 algorithms
Optical Rectification and Electro-Optic Sampling in Quartz
Creators: name: Balos, Vasileios
name: Wolf, Martin
name: Kovalev, Sergey
name: Sajadi, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report electro-optic sampling (EOS) response and terahertz (THz) optical rectification (OR) in z-cut alpha-quartz. Due to its small effective second-order nonlinearity, echo-free waveform of intense THz pulses with a few MV/cm electric-field strength can be measured faithfully with no saturation effect. Both its OR and EOS responses are broad with extension up to ~8 THz. Strikingly, the latter responses are independent of the crystal thickness, a plausible indication of strong surface contribution to the total second-order nonlinear susceptibility of quartz. Our study introduces thin quartz plates as the reliable THz electro-optic medium for echo-free, high field THz detection.
Origin and evolution of ultra-diffuse galaxies in different environments
Creators: name: Benavides, Jose A.
name: Sales, Laura V.
name: Abadi, Mario. G.
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) using the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation TNG50 of the Illustris-TNG suite. We define UDGs as dwarf galaxies in the stellar mass range $\rm{7.5 \leq log (M_{\star} / M_{\odot}) \leq 9 }$ that are in the $5\%$ most extended tail of the simulated mass-size relation. This results in a sample of UDGs with half-mass radii $\rm{r_{h \star } \gtrsim 2 \ kpc}$ and surface brightness between $\rm{24.5}$ and $\rm{28 \ mag \ arcsec^{-2}}$, similar to definitions of UDGs in observations. The large cosmological volume in TNG50 allows for a comparison of UDGs properties in different environments, from the field to galaxy clusters with virial mass $\rm{M_{200} \sim 2 \times 10^{14} ~ M_{\odot}}$. All UDGs in our sample have dwarf-mass haloes ($\rm{M_{200}\sim 10^{11} ~ M_{\odot} }$) and show the same environmental trends as normal dwarfs: field UDGs are star-forming and blue while satellite UDGs are typically quiescent and red. The TNG50 simulation predicts UDGs that populate preferentially higher spin haloes and more massive haloes at fixed $\rm{M_{\star}}$ compared to non-UDG dwarfs. This applies also to most satellite UDGs, which are actually ``born" UDGs in the field and infall into groups and clusters without significant changes to their size. We find, however, a small subset of satellite UDGs ($\lesssim 10 \%$) with present-day stellar size a factor $\geq 1.5$ larger than at infall, confirming that tidal effects, particularly in the lower mass dwarfs, are also a viable formation mechanism for some of these dwarfs, although subdominant in this simulation.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Testing hadronic and photo-hadronic interactions as responsible for UHECR and neutrino fluxes from Starburst Galaxies
Creators: name: Condorelli, Antonio
name: Boncioli, Denise
name: Peretti, Enrico
name: Petrera, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the hypothesis of starburst galaxies as sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and high-energy neutrinos. The computation of interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays in the starburst environment as well as in the propagation to the Earth is made using a modified version of the Monte Carlo code {\it SimProp}, where hadronic processes in the environment of sources are implemented for the first time. Taking into account a star-formation-rate distribution of sources, the fluxes of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and high-energy neutrinos are computed and compared with observations, and the explored parameter space for the source characteristics is discussed. We find that, depending on the density of the gas in the source environment, spallation reactions could exceed theoutcome in neutrinos from photo-hadronic interactions in the source environment and in the extra-galactic space.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, comments are welcome
Real-time planning and control for simulated bipedal locomotion
Creators: name: Coros, Stelian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Understanding and reproducing the processes that give rise to purposeful human and animal motions has long been of interest in the fields of character animation, robotics and biomechanics. However, despite the grace and agility with which many living creatures effortlessly perform skilled motions, modeling motor control has proven to be a difficult problem. Building on recent advances, this thesis presents several approaches to creating control policies that allow physically-simulated characters to demonstrate skill and purpose as they interact with their virtual environments. We begin by introducing a synthesis-analysis-synthesis framework that enables physically-simulated characters to navigate environments with significant stepping constraints. First, an offline optimization method is used to compute control solutions for randomly-generated example problems. Second, the example motions and their underlying control patterns are analyzed to build a low-dimensional step-to-step model of the dynamics. Third, the dynamics model is exploited by a planner to solve new instances of the task in real-time. We then present a method for precomputing robust task-based control policies for physically simulated characters. This allows our characters to complete higher-level locomotion tasks, such as walking in a user specified direction, while interacting with the environment in significant ways. As input, the method assumes an abstract action vocabulary consisting of balance-aware locomotion controllers. A constrained state exploration phase is first used to define a dynamics model as well as a finite volume of character states over which the control policy will be defined. An optimized control policy is then computed using reinforcement learning. Lastly, we describe a control strategy for walking that generalizes well across gait parameters, motion styles, character proportions, and a variety of skills. The control requires no character-specific or motion-specific tuning, is robust to disturbances, and is simple to compute. The method integrates tracking using proportional-derivative control, foot placement adjustments using an inverted pendulum model and Jacobian transpose control for gravity compensation and fine-level velocity tuning. We demonstrate a variety of walking-related skills such as picking up objects placed at any height, lifting, pulling, pushing and walking with heavy crates, ducking over and stepping under obstacles and climbing stairs.
Long Gamma-Ray Transients from Collapsars
Creators: name: Woosley, S. E.
name: heger, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the collapsar model for common gamma-ray bursts, the formation of a centrifugally supported disk occurs during the first $\sim$10 seconds following the collapse of the iron core in a massive star. This only occurs in a small fraction of massive stellar deaths, however, and requires unusual conditions. A much more frequent occurrence could be the death of a star that makes a black hole and a weak or absent outgoing shock, but in a progenitor that only has enough angular momentum in its outermost layers to make a disk. We consider several cases where this is likely to occur - blue supergiants with low mass loss rates, tidally-interacting binaries involving either helium stars or giant stars, and the collapse to a black hole of very massive pair-instability supernovae. These events have in common the accretion of a solar mass or so of material through a disk over a period much longer than the duration of a common gamma-ray burst. A broad range of powers is possible, $10^{47}$ to $10^{50}\,$erg s$^{-1}$, and this brightness could be enhanced by beaming. Such events were probably more frequent in the early universe where mass loss rates were lower. Indeed this could be one of the most common forms of gamma-ray transients in the universe and could be used to study first generation stars. Several events could be active in the sky at any one time. A recent example of this sort of event may have been the SWIFT transient Sw-1644+57.
description: submitted to Astrophysical Journal
A finite generating set for the level 2 mapping class group of a nonorientable surface
Creators: name: Szepietowski, Blazej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57N05, 20F38

description: We obtain a finite set of generators for the level 2 mapping class group of a closed nonorientable surface of genus $g\ge 3$. This set consists of isotopy classes of Lickorish's Y-homeomorphisms also called crosscap slides.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Collaborative Human-Robot Exploration via Implicit Coordination
Creators: name: Daoud, Yves Georgy
name: Goel, Kshitij
name: Michael, Nathan
name: Tabib, Wennie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper develops a methodology for collaborative human-robot exploration that leverages implicit coordination. Most autonomous single- and multi-robot exploration systems require a remote operator to provide explicit guidance to the robotic team. Few works consider how to embed the human partner alongside robots to provide guidance in the field. A remaining challenge for collaborative human-robot exploration is efficient communication of goals from the human to the robot. In this paper we develop a methodology that implicitly communicates a region of interest from a helmet-mounted depth camera on the human's head to the robot and an information gain-based exploration objective that biases motion planning within the viewpoint provided by the human. The result is an aerial system that safely accesses regions of interest that may not be immediately viewable or reachable by the human. The approach is evaluated in simulation and with hardware experiments in a motion capture arena. Videos of the simulation and hardware experiments are available at: https://youtu.be/7jgkBpVFIoE.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures, to appear in the 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR)
title: Suppression of Acoustic Resonances in BST-Based Bulk-Ceramic Varactors by Addition of Magnesium Borate
Creators: name: Agrawal, Prannoy
name: Kienemund, Daniel
name: Walk, Dominik
name: Matic, Stipo
name: Bohn, Nicole
name: Häuser, Kevin
name: Fink, Thomas
name: Abrecht, Mike
name: Bigler, Walter
name: Binder, Joachim R.
name: Jakoby, Rolf
name: Maune, Holger
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021

description: This work presents a method for reducing acoustic resonances in ferroelectric barium strontium titanate (BST)-based bulk ceramic varactors, which are capable of operation in high-power matching circuits. Two versions of parallel-plate varactors are manufactured here: one with pure BST and one with 10 vol-% magnesium borate, Mg₃B₂O₆ (MBO). Each varactor includes a 0.85-mm-thick ferroelectric layer. Acoustic resonances that are present in the pure BST varactor are strongly suppressed in the BST-MBO varactor and, hence, the Q-factor is increased over a wide frequency range by the addition of small amounts of a low-dielectric-constant (LDK) MBO. Although the tunability is reduced due to the presence of non-tunable MBO, the increased Q-factor extends the varactor’s availability for low-loss and high-power applications.
A probabilistic deep learning model of inter-fraction anatomical variations in radiotherapy
Creators: name: Pastor-Serrano, Oscar
name: Habraken, Steven
name: Hoogeman, Mischa
name: Lathouwers, Danny
name: Schaart, Dennis
name: Nomura, Yusuke
name: Xing, Lei
name: Perkó, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In radiotherapy, the internal movement of organs between treatment sessions causes errors in the final radiation dose delivery. Motion models can be used to simulate motion patterns and assess anatomical robustness before delivery. Traditionally, such models are based on principal component analysis (PCA) and are either patient-specific (requiring several scans per patient) or population-based, applying the same deformations to all patients. We present a hybrid approach which, based on population data, allows to predict patient-specific inter-fraction variations for an individual patient. We propose a deep learning probabilistic framework that generates deformation vector fields (DVFs) warping a patient's planning computed tomography (CT) into possible patient-specific anatomies. This daily anatomy model (DAM) uses few random variables capturing groups of correlated movements. Given a new planning CT, DAM estimates the joint distribution over the variables, with each sample from the distribution corresponding to a different deformation. We train our model using dataset of 312 CT pairs from 38 prostate cancer patients. For 2 additional patients (22 CTs), we compute the contour overlap between real and generated images, and compare the sampled and ground truth distributions of volume and center of mass changes. With a DICE score of 0.86 and a distance between prostate contours of 1.09 mm, DAM matches and improves upon PCA-based models. The distribution overlap further indicates that DAM's sampled movements match the range and frequency of clinically observed daily changes on repeat CTs. Conditioned only on a planning CT and contours of a new patient without any pre-processing, DAM can accurately predict CTs seen during following treatment sessions, which can be used for anatomically robust treatment planning and robustness evaluation against inter-fraction anatomical changes.
Structure, metamorphism and migmatization of the Scrip Range, Mica Creek, British Columbia
Creators: name: Raeside, Robert P.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: QE 475 A2 R32 1984
subject: Metamorphism (Geology) - British Columbia - Mica Creek area
subject: Geology - British Columbia - Mica Creek area

description: Bibliography: p. 170-184.
Mapping data report. Cruise EX1402L2, Exploration mapping, Gulf of Mexico, Galveston, TX to Pascagoula, MS, March 19 - April 4, 2014.
Creators: name: McKenna, Lindsay A.
Publisher: name: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Exploration and Research.
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Multibeam mapping--Mexico, Gulf of.

description: The purpose of this report is to briefly describe the mapping data collection and processing methods, and to report the major results of the cruise. For a detailed description of Okeanos Explorer mapping capabilities, see the appendices section 'Kongsberg EM 302 Multibeam Sonar Description and Operational Specifications' and the ship’s readiness report, which can be obtained by contacting the ships operations officer (ops.explorer@noaa.gov). This report focuses on exploration expedition EX-14-02 Leg II during which areas of Gulf of Mexico were mapped.
title: Homologous Recombination Subpathways: A Tangle to Resolve
Creators: name: Elbakry, Amira
name: Löbrich, Markus
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2021

description: Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential pathway for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, which can proceed through various subpathways that have distinct elements and genetic outcomes. In this mini-review, we highlight the main features known about HR subpathways operating at DSBs in human cells and the factors regulating subpathway choice. We examine new developments that provide alternative models of subpathway usage in different cell types revise the nature of HR intermediates involved and reassess the frequency of repair outcomes. We discuss the impact of expanding our understanding of HR subpathways and how it can be clinically exploited.
Mechanism and Improvement of the Harten-Lax-van Leer Scheme for All-Speed Flows
Creators: name: Li, Xue-song
name: Gu, Chun-wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the three rules developed from the Roe-type scheme, the mechanisms of the classical and preconditioned Harten-Lax-van Leer (HLL) schemes are analyzed. For the classical HLL scheme, the accuracy problem is attributable to the extremely large coefficient of the velocity-derivative term of the momentum equation. For the preconditioned HLL scheme, the global cut-off problem is attributable to the denominator of the coefficients, whereas the particular pressure gradient sensor problem results from the loss of the capability to suppress the checkerboard pressure-velocity decoupling. A new all-speed HLL scheme, which can overcome these problems by only multiplying the momentum-derivative term in the momentum equation by a function related to the local Mach number, is proposed. More importantly, the present study shows the generality of the three rules, which can be powerful tools for analyzing and proposing schemes. The second rule involving the checkerboard problem is also improved by emphasizing that the coefficients of pressure-derivative term in the continuity and energy equations should be changed simultaneously.
Distributed Behavior Trees for Heterogeneous Robot Teams
Creators: name: Heppner, Georg
name: Berg, Nils
name: Oberacker, David
name: Spielbauer, Niklas
name: Roennau, Arne
name: Dillmann, Rüdiger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Heterogeneous Robot Teams can provide a wide range of capabilities and therefore significant benefits when handling a mission. However, they also require new approaches to capability and mission definition that are not only suitable to handle heterogeneous capabilities but furthermore allow a combination or distribution of them with a coherent representation that is not limiting the individual robot. Behavior Trees offer many of the required properties, are growing in popularity for robot control and have been proposed for multirobot coordination, but always as separate behavior tree, defined in advance and without consideration for a changing team. In this paper, we propose a new behavior tree approach that is capable to handle complex real world robotic missions and is geared towards a distributed execution by providing built in functionalities for cost calculation, subtree distribution and data wiring. We present a formal definition, its open source implementation as ros_bt_py library and experimental verification of its capabilities.
description: To be published in the Proceedings of the IEEE 19th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (IEEE CASE 2023)
title: Steuerung per Lidschluss
title: Erkennung ereigniskorrelierter Potenziale eines Elektroenzephalogramms durch ein neuronales Netz
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Reimer, Alexander
name: Friedrich, Matteo
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Brain Computer Interface
Neuronale Netze
Elektroenzephalogramm
Elektromyographie
Robotik
überwachtes Lernen
supervised learning
EV3 Roboter

description: Wenn man ein Augenlid schließt, erzeugt dies eine bestimmte elektrische Aktivität des Gehirns, die mit einem Elektroenzephalografen (EEG) gemessen werden kann. Die so erhaltenen Daten werden mithilfe eines neuronalen Netzes ausgewertet. So kann der Lidschluss anhand der EEG-Daten erkannt und genutzt werden, um einen Roboter fahren und anhalten zu lassen.
description: Junge Wissenschaft. Paper 08/2023
description: In der Jungen Wissenschaft werden Forschungsarbeiten von Schüler/innen, die selbstständig, z.B. in einer Schule oder einem Schülerforschungszentrum, durchgeführt wurden, veröffentlicht.
Social Web & Communication Tools: Social Bookmarking, Instant Messaging, Weblogs & RSS Feeds
Creators: name: Lee, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2006
Subjects: Library & Information Science

description: Poster presented at Special Libraries Association 2006 Annual Conference, and PowerPoint version of poster (in pdf) sent to Chemistry Division for their online Web conference, http://units.sla.org/division/dche/2006/poster.htm.
description: Tools for Web collaboration are increasing and range from one-to-many tools that allow sharing of personal links to one-to-one communications tools such as instant messaging. This poster shows how these tools can be applied to library settings and how they will impact reference and teaching. Online “social bookmarking” and reference management services help researchers organize and share information. URLs or bibliographic information can be saved, “tagged” using descriptors, and commented upon. Ensuing list(s) are available to all registrants, enabling users with same or similar tags to discover the research that others are reading. These tools have implications on the information seeking behaviors of researchers. Weblogs (“blogs”) can be used as communication space between instructor and student, within research/student groups, or between library and user. They are easy to set up and are an effective liaison tool. Tables of contents, site content, and search alerts are increasingly available as RSS (Really Simple Syndication / Rich Site Summary) feeds. Libraries can also create feeds to announce new books, or for news distribution services via blogs. Instant messaging (IM) is a communication method favored by university students. More immediate than email, yet less intrusive than phone, it offers clients and colleagues options for making contact. There are many free applications available; some aggregate the most popular ones (Yahoo!, MSN, ICQ, Google). Tools to be covered include: Connotea, CiteULike, Blogger, Bloglines, Trillian, Meebo
Multi band Fermi surface in 1T-VSe2 and its implication for charge density wave phase
Creators: name: Yilmaz, Turgut
name: Sinkovic, Boris
name: Vescovo, Elio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, our angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiment reveled that the surface band structure of the 1T-VSe2 host electronic states that was not predicted or probed before. Earlier claims to support charge density wave phase can be all explained in terms of these new findings. Its Fermi surface found to be not gaped at any point of the Brillouin zone and warping effect on the electronic structure, attributed to the lattice distortion previously, is due to the different dispersion of the multiple bands. Based on these new findings and interpretations, charge density wave induced modification on the electronic structure of 1T-VSe2 needs to be reconstructed in the future studies.
description: 4
Traveling Wave Solutions of Advection-Diffusion Equations with Nonlinear Diffusion
Creators: name: Monsaingeon, Léonard
name: Novikov, Alexeï
name: Roquejoffre, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the existence of particular traveling wave solutions of a nonlinear parabolic degenerate diffusion equation with a shear flow. Under some assumptions we prove that such solutions exist at least for propagation speeds c {\in}]c*, +{\infty}, where c* > 0 is explicitly computed but may not be optimal. We also prove that a free boundary hy- persurface separates a region where u = 0 and a region where u > 0, and that this free boundary can be globally parametrized as a Lipschitz continuous graph under some additional non-degeneracy hypothesis; we investigate solutions which are, in the region u > 0, planar and linear at infinity in the propagation direction, with slope equal to the propagation speed.
description: 40 pages, 1 figure
Understanding Planetary Health: A Scientific Field & Social Movement
Creators: name: Bolaños-Gamez, Margot
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: DDT
subject: Nuclear Fallout
subject: Planetary Health Alliance
subject: The Rockefeller Foundation
subject: Global Health
subject: Rockefeller-Lancet Commission on Planetary Health
subject: Philanthrocapitalism

description: As planetary health thinking has become a dominant scientific paradigm, epidemiologists who seek to inaugurate it as a field claim its revolutionizing awareness for “the health of human civilization and the state of the natural systems on which it depends” in an anthropogenic era (Whitmee, 2015). However, the concept’s recent institutionalization as the Planetary Health Alliance (“PHA”) places it within the legacy of the Rockefeller Foundation (“RF”), which has played a critical role in Global Health, further complicates any understanding of the field's distinction in governance practices and authorizing narratives. While philanthropy has historically enabled investments in international and global health, the medical and financial procedures involved play a significant role in the practice and politics of what it means to think and act on a planetary health scale. By assembling a critical genealogy of planetary health, I interrogate the gaps between its emergent reality and its moral, political, and medical aspirations. Drawing from scholarly literature on nuclear fallout and antimalarial DDT pesticide in the United States and Global South, I engage with the geopolitics, historical events, and fundamental actors that shaped the emergence of planetary health. Using ethnographic methods, I also set RF’s promotional language and PHA’s infrastructures in conversation with the current challenges shared by field experts to tease out the paradoxical dimensions of planetary health’s historical entanglements with the RF. These findings are relevant for policymakers, medical experts, and the general public interested in the influence of biomedicine, philanthropic aid, and geopolitics on human and environmental health problems at a global-scale.
Direct Imaging of Graphene Edges: Atomic Structure and Electronic Scattering
Creators: name: Tian, Jifa
name: Cao, Helin
name: Wu, Wei
name: Yu, Qingkai
name: Chen, Yong P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an atomically-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigation of the edges of graphene grains synthesized on Cu foils by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Most of the edges are macroscopically parallel to the zigzag directions of graphene lattice. These edges have microscopic roughness that is found to also follow zigzag directions at atomic scale, displaying many ~120 degree turns. A prominent standing wave pattern with periodicity ~3a/4 (a being the graphene lattice constant) is observed near a rare-occurring armchair-oriented edge. Observed features of this wave pattern are consistent with the electronic intervalley backscattering predicted to occur at armchair edges but not at zigzag edges.
Production of nuclei and antinuclei in pp and Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC
Creators: name: Sharma, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present first results on the production of nuclei and antinuclei such as (anti)deuterons, (anti)tritons, (anti)3He and (anti)4He in pp collisions at $\s$ = 7 TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sNN$ = 2.76 TeV. These particles are identified using their energy loss (dE/dx) information in the Time Projection Chamber of the ALICE experiment. The Inner Tracking System gives a precise determination of the event vertex, by which primary and secondary particles are separated. The high statistics of over 360 million events for pp and 16 million events for Pb-Pb collisions give a significant number of light nuclei and antinuclei (Pb-Pb collisions: \sim30,000 anti-deuterons($\bar{d}$) and \sim4 anti-alpha($\bar{^4He}$)). The predictions of various particle ratios from the THERMUS model is also discussed.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, parallel talk at Quark Matter 2011, May 23rd-28th 2011, Annecy, France
A Graphical Password Based System for Small Mobile Devices
Creators: name: Khan, Wazir Zada
name: Aalsalem, Mohammed Y.
name: Xiang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Passwords provide security mechanism for authentication and protection services against unwanted access to resources. A graphical based password is one promising alternatives of textual passwords. According to human psychology, humans are able to remember pictures easily. In this paper, we have proposed a new hybrid graphical password based system, which is a combination of recognition and recall based techniques that offers many advantages over the existing systems and may be more convenient for the user. Our scheme is resistant to shoulder surfing attack and many other attacks on graphical passwords. This scheme is proposed for smart mobile devices (like smart phones i.e. ipod, iphone, PDAs etc) which are more handy and convenient to use than traditional desktop computer systems.
description: 10 Pages, 7 figures, 1 Table
The Central PNe Populations of External Galaxies with SAURON
Creators: name: Sarzi, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thanks to SAURON integral-field observations we uncovered the Planetary Nebulae (PNe) populations inhabiting the central and nuclear regions of our galactic neighbours M32 and M31, respectively, and discuss the significant differences between their corresponding PNe luminosity functions in light of the properties of their parent stellar populations. In particular, we conclude that the lack of bright PNe in the nuclear regions of M31 is likely linked to the nearly Solar value for the stellar metallicity, consistent with previous suggestions that a larger metallicity would bias the Horizontal-Branch (HB) populations toward bluer colors, with fewer red HB stars capable of producing PNe and more blue HB stars that instead could contribute to the far-UV flux that is observed in metal-rich early-type galaxies and, incidentally, also in the nucleus of M31.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure; to appear in Proc. IAU Symposium 283, "Planetary Nebulae, an Eye to the Future"
Assessing Externalities: Toxic Debate and Pluralistic Values
Creators: name: Üzelgün, Mehmet Ali
name: Archontaki, Ioanna
name: Giannouli, Iliana
name: Odstrčilová, Klára
name: Thomass, Barbara
name: Dankova, Dessislava
name: Álvares, Cláudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The aim of the study can be described as twofold:
(1) We explore online incivility and toxicity with the aim of understanding better the dynamics that trigger and bring about toxic debates. This involves the conceptualisation of toxicity as a public-political issue rather than an interpersonal issue of psychological harm. In addition, by proposing that toxicity is an umbrella term that could be better understood as a gradient, we try to investigate which degrees or which aspects of incivility may permit deliberation, which, despite being emotionally laden, still leaves room for rational understanding. Indeed, the presupposition that an ideal speech situation would be rational rather than emotionally charged can be contested on the grounds that fallacies are frequently camouflaged through the rational construction of arguments. The pathos/logos dichotomy thus ceases to hold ground in much the same manner as any distinction between private/public domains becomes increasingly hazy in the present conjuncture of social media use, where the performative effects of language in a private context easily seep into public space.
(2) We also aim to explore the normative concepts that can be useful to examine and tackle the phenomena grouped under the label of toxicity. In this regard, the sources or grounds of normativity are distinguished into interpersonal or micro, intersubjective or meso, and institutional or macro levels. Beyond these levels, we establish a connection between pluralistic values and toxic debates, taking into account that pluralism is intertwined with free speech and inclusive open debate, which may entail the freedom to use language in a way that collides with the sensibilities of those with whom we share public space.
The paper is structured into three main parts. After defining toxicity and incivility, Part I offers some basic theoretical reflections, namely on the roots or sources of the normative concepts of toxicity, and the who, what and how of toxic debates. Part II reviews the relevant research findings conducted in the EUMEPLAT Project to connect these reflections to the present-day experience of platformed communication. Part III presents an analysis of the Future Scenario Essays produced within the framework of the Project's Work Package 5: it offers a view of the futures of platformed and algorithmically mediated communication and some prescriptions by the experts taking part in the Delphi+ workshops. We conclude by bringing together and discussing the diverse issues and interests that centrally relate to the theme of toxic debates and pluralistic values.
VM Supported AspectJ
Creators: name: Golbeck, Ryan M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Traditional AspectJ implementations use a VM-external implementation approach based on JBC instrumentation. These approaches pose an inherent penalty in both steady state performance as well as startup or recompilation performance. We present a map of the design space for AspectJ implementations with potential advantages and disadvantages to evaluate the coverage of the space by related work to identify unexplored possibilities. We propose an architecture for AspectJ implementations which supports both VM-internal and VM-external implementations. VM-internal implementations of our architecture fit naturally into existing JVMs, are straight forward to implement and support all known AspectJ optimizations as well as maintaining efficient startup performance. However, because our architecture also supports VM-external implementations, it is both backward and forward compatible. Additionally, we present a suite of benchmarks designed to evaluate AspectJ implementations. This suite contains macro and micro benchmarks designed to measure the steady state, startup, and overall performance of an implementation. To demonstrate the viability of our architecture, we present one primary implementation, ajvm, in the Jikes Research Virtual Machine (RVM), and several secondary partial implementations in the Jikes RVM and a second JVM, J9. We use our proposed benchmark suite to produce an analysis that confirms our claims that VM-integrated AspectJ implementations can support known and proposed steady state and startup optimizations. Furthermore, they overcome inherent performance penalties associated with VM-external implementations.
On evolution of corner-like gSQG patches
Creators: name: Jeon, Junekey
name: Jeong, In-Jee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the evolution of corner-like patch solutions to the generalized SQG equations. Depending on the angle size and order of the velocity kernel, the corner instantaneously bents either downward or upward. In particular, we obtain the existence of strictly convex and smooth patch solutions which become immediately non-convex.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Scaling of the energy gap in pattern-hydrogenated graphene
Creators: name: Grassi, Roberto
name: Low, Tony
name: Lundstrom, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments show that a substantial energy gap in graphene can be induced via patterned hydrogenation on an iridium substrate. Here, we show that the energy gap is roughly proportional to $\sqrt{N_{H}}/N_{C}$ when disorder is accounted for, where $N_H$ and $N_C$ denote concentration of hydrogen and carbon atoms, respectively. The dispersion relation, obtained through calculation of the momentum-energy resolved density of states, is shown to agree with previous angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy results. Simulations of electronic transport in finite size samples also reveal a similar transport gap, up to 1eV within experimentally achievable $\sqrt{N_{H}}/N_{C}$ value.
Machine Learning on generalized Complete Intersection Calabi-Yau Manifolds
Creators: name: Cui, Wei
name: Gao, Xin
name: Wang, Juntao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generalized Complete Intersection Calabi-Yau Manifold (gCICY) is a new construction of Calabi-Yau manifolds established recently. However, the generation of new gCICYs using standard algebraic method is very laborious. Due to this complexity, the number of gCICYs and their classification still remain unknown. In this paper, we try to make some progress in this direction using neural network. The results showed that our trained models can have a high precision on the existing type $(1,1)$ and type $(2,1)$ gCICYs in the literature. Moreover, They can achieve a $97\%$ precision in predicting new gCICY which is generated differently from those used for training and testing. This shows that machine learning could be an effective method to classify and generate new gCICY.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
All-optical image denoising using a diffractive visual processor
Creators: name: Isıl, Cagatay
name: Gan, Tianyi
name: Ardic, F. Onuralp
name: Mentesoglu, Koray
name: Digani, Jagrit
name: Karaca, Huseyin
name: Chen, Hanlong
name: Li, Jingxi
name: Mengu, Deniz
name: Jarrahi, Mona
name: Akşit, Kaan
name: Ozcan, Aydogan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image denoising, one of the essential inverse problems, targets to remove noise/artifacts from input images. In general, digital image denoising algorithms, executed on computers, present latency due to several iterations implemented in, e.g., graphics processing units (GPUs). While deep learning-enabled methods can operate non-iteratively, they also introduce latency and impose a significant computational burden, leading to increased power consumption. Here, we introduce an analog diffractive image denoiser to all-optically and non-iteratively clean various forms of noise and artifacts from input images - implemented at the speed of light propagation within a thin diffractive visual processor. This all-optical image denoiser comprises passive transmissive layers optimized using deep learning to physically scatter the optical modes that represent various noise features, causing them to miss the output image Field-of-View (FoV) while retaining the object features of interest. Our results show that these diffractive denoisers can efficiently remove salt and pepper noise and image rendering-related spatial artifacts from input phase or intensity images while achieving an output power efficiency of ~30-40%. We experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of this analog denoiser architecture using a 3D-printed diffractive visual processor operating at the terahertz spectrum. Owing to their speed, power-efficiency, and minimal computational overhead, all-optical diffractive denoisers can be transformative for various image display and projection systems, including, e.g., holographic displays.
description: 21 Pages, 7 Figures
title: Mutationen des SARS-CoV2 Virus auf der Spur
title: Visualisierung der Ähnlichkeit zwischen Sequenzen des Spike-Proteins aus benachbarten Ländern mithilfe der 3D-Struktur
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hombrecher, Lara
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Bioinformatik
COVID-19
Visualisierung
Vergleich
Konservierung
Sequenzalignment
B-Faktor
Protein
Konsensussequenz
Mutation

description: Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Varianz der Virussequenz des Coronavirus anhand des Spike-Proteins in Deutschland und Frankreich. Dazu wurden die beiden Konservierungswerte der beiden Sequenzen verglichen und grafisch dargestellt. Es ließ sich feststellen, dass die Varianz der Sequenzen in beiden Ländern ähnlich hoch ist, ähnliche Stellen gut konserviert und somit für das Virus essentiell sind.
description: Junge Wissenschaft. Paper 09/2023
description: In der Jungen Wissenschaft werden Forschungsarbeiten von Schüler/innen, die selbstständig, z.B. in einer Schule oder einem Schülerforschungszentrum, durchgeführt wurden, veröffentlicht.
A New Class of Bianchi Type-I Cosmological Models in Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravitation and Late Time Acceleration
Creators: name: Pradhan, Anirudh
name: Singh, Ajay Kumar
name: Amirhashchi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new class of a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I cosmological models of the universe for perfect fluid distribution within the framework of scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Saez and Ballester (Phys. Lett. 113:467, 1986) is investigated. To prevail the deterministic solutions we choose the different scale factors which yield time-dependent deceleration parameters (DP) representing models which generate a transition of the universe from the early decelerated phase to the recent accelerating phase. Three different physically viable models of the universe are obtained in which their anisotropic solutions may enter to some isotropic inflationary era. The modified Einstein's field equations are solved exactly and the models are found to be in good concordance with recent observations. Some physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
Excitonic effects in time-dependent density functional theory from zeros of the density response
Creators: name: Gulevich, D. R.
name: Zhumagulov, Ya. V.
name: Kozin, V.
name: Tokatly, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the analytic structure of the dynamical xc kernels of semiconductors and insulators can be sensed in terms of its poles which mark physically relevant frequencies of the system where the counter-phase motion of discrete collective excitations occurs: if excited, the collective modes counterbalance each other, making the system to exhibit none at all or extremely weak density response. This property can be employed to construct simple and practically relevant approximations of the dynamical xc kernel for time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Such kernels have simple analytic structure, are able to reproduce dominant excitonic features of the absorption spectra of monolayer semiconductors and bulk solids, and promise high potential for future uses in efficient real-time calculations with TDDFT.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures