cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessment of nutritional status among institutionalized school age orphaned and vulnerable children in selected orphanages in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Aderaw, Hanna
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Background The nutritional status of young children is one of the sensitive indicators of sudden changes in health status and food availability. Orphans are potentially at greater risk of malnutrition because they are more likely to be extremely poor, receive less medical and social care. This segment of the population seeks immediate support for their survival and growth despite less number of orphanages compared to the magnitude of orphans. Despite the aforementioned nutritional concerns among these children, there exists an inadequate body of information about school age orphans and vulnerable children nutritional status in Ethiopia. Thus the objective of this study was to assess nutritional status and whether duration of institutionalization in the orphanage and illness in the last weeks had an effect on the nutritional status of school age orphan and vulnerable children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa. A representative sample size of 418 school age orphan and vulnerable children were selected to participate in the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Interviewer administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to collect the data. The collected data was entered and processed with Epi data and Anthro plus, to analyze for z scores, and transferred to Statistical package for social science version 22.0 for further analysis. Multivariate analysis was used after setting statistical significance at α= 0.05. Result: A total of 391 school age orphans and vulnerable children took part in the study with a response rate of 93.5 %, of whom 310 (79.2%) were orphaned children. Among the children the prevalence of stunting was 21.5 %, Underweight 12.8 % and low BMI for age was 12 %. The odds of stunting in orphan and vulnerable children increased in those who stayed in the orphanage for greater than 10 years as compared to those who stayed in the orphanage for less than five years (AOR=5.81:95% CI;(2.27-14.8). Presence of illness in the last two weeks was associated with increased odds of low Body mass index for Age z score in orphan and vulnerable children who were ill in the last 2 weeks (AOR=5.01:95% CI;2.53-9.89). Conclusion and recommendation: The proportion of under nutrition was moderate to high in school age orphaned and vulnerable children in the age group of 7-14. Long duration of stay in orphanages and presence of illness in the last two weeks were important predictors of stunting and low BMI for age Z scores respectively. To decrease the proportion of underweight in orphanage institutions and to improve the nutritional status of orphaned and vulnerable children , the orphanage administrations should work in improving the nutritional and health care services given to the orphans during institutionalization.
Making two dysprosium atoms rotate - Einstein-de Haas effect revisited
Creators: name: Górecki, Wojciech
name: Rzążewski, Kazimierz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a numerical study of the behaviour of two magnetic dipolar atoms trapped in a harmonic potential and exhibiting the standard Einstein-de Haas effect while subject to a time dependent homogeneous magnetic field. Using a simplified description of the short range interaction and the full expression for the dipole-dipole forces we show, that under experimentally realisable conditions two dysprosium atoms may be pumped to a high ($l>20$) value of the relative orbital angular momentum.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
A thermo-mechanical phase-field fracture model: application to hot cracking simulations in additive manufacturing
Creators: name: Ruan, Hui
name: Rezaei, Shahed
name: Yang, Yangyiwei
name: Gross, Dietmar
name: Xu, Bai-Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal fracture is prevalent in many engineering problems and is one of the most devastating defects in metal additive manufacturing. Due to the interactive underlying physics involved, the computational simulation of such a process is challenging. In this work, we propose a thermo-mechanical phase-field fracture model, which is based on a thermodynamically consistent derivation. The influence of different coupling terms such as damage-informed thermomechanics and heat conduction and temperature-dependent fracture properties, as well as different phase-field fracture formulations, are discussed. Finally, the model is implemented in the finite element method and applied to simulate the hot cracking in additive manufacturing. Thereby not only the thermal strain but also the solidification shrinkage are considered. As for thermal history, various predicted thermal profiles, including analytical solution and numerical thermal temperature profile around the melting pool, are regarded, whereas the latter includes the influence of different process parameters. The studies reveal that the solidification shrinkage strain takes a dominant role in the formation of the circumferential crack, while the temperature gradient is mostly responsible for the central crack. Process parameter study demonstrates further that a higher laser power and slower scanning speed are favorable for keyhole mode hot cracking while a lower laser power and quicker scanning speed tend to form the conduction mode cracking. The numerical predictions of the hot cracking patterns are in good agreement with similar experimental observations, showing the capability of the model for further studies.
Bernhard Frings, Bernhard Löffler: Der Chor zuerst. Institutionelle Strukturen und erzieherische Praxis der Regensburger Domspatzen 1945 bis 1995
Creators: name: Smolorz, Roman
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 2024

description: .
description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 40 (2021): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 40
A hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for solving nonlocal optical response models
Creators: name: Li, Liang
name: Lanteri, Stéphane
name: Mortensen, N. Asger
name: Wubs, Martijn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65N30, 65Z05

description: We propose Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) methods for solving the frequency-domain Maxwell's equations coupled to the Nonlocal Hydrodynamic Drude (NHD) and Generalized Nonlocal Optical Response (GNOR) models, which are employed to describe the optical properties of nano-plasmonic scatterers and waveguides. Brief derivations for both the NHD model and the GNOR model are presented. The formulations of the HDG method are given, in which we introduce two hybrid variables living only on the skeleton of the mesh. The local field solutions are expressed in terms of the hybrid variables in each element. Two conservativity conditions are globally enforced to make the problem solvable and to guarantee the continuity of the tangential component of the electric field and the normal component of the current density. Numerical results show that the proposed HDG methods converge at optimal rate. We benchmark our implementation and demonstrate that the HDG method has the potential to solve complex nanophotonic problems.
description: 21 pages, 8figures
The IUD Spread in China, the 1980s-90s: Population Program, Industrial Policy, and International Relations
Creators: name: Yang, Ziyuan
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: IUD
subject: China
subject: International relations
subject: Population
subject: Industrial policy

description: Using historical and archival materials, this thesis examines international relations, manufacturing, and public reproductive policy to study the multifarious forces behind the IUD spread in China in the 1980s and 1990s.
Sexuality, Perception of risk of HIV/STIs and Condom use among high school adolescents in South-Gondar Administrative Zone, Amhara Region
Creators: name: Kidane, Ashebir
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2004

description: A cross-sectional descriptive survey through a self-administered, anonymous and structured questionnaire was conducted from December 2003 to January 2004 in randomly selected two high schools in South Gondar Zone to determine the sexual behavior of adolescents, their risk perception about HIV/AIDS and condom use. A total of 709 adolescents participated in the study. Of theses, 489(69.0%) were males and 220(31.0%) were females. About 9% of the respondents were sexually active. Fifteen, (23.4%) of the sexually active respondents claimed to have more than one sexual partner. About 14.8% had coital contact with female commercial sex workers of which only 37.5% of them reported ever condom use. Six hundred seventy four respondents (95.1%) knew about STDs and AIDS was the most commonly known STD (92.1%) followed by gonorrhea (89.85%) and Syphilis (88.9%). About 76.9% of the respondents mentioned teachers as the most common source of information for HIV/AIDS and STIs. More than 70% of the respondents answered favorably for all questions concerning "normal" interactions such as eating together, shaking hands and continuing friendship with HIV/AIDS patients. About 5.8% of students perceived to high chance of acquiring HIV. Only 47.4% of the students felt that most students have adequate information about condoms. Four hundred twenty two (59.5%) of the students approved the idea of condom distribution in schools. About 82.2% of school adolescents claimed to be voluntary to under go voluntary counseling and testing for HIV. It was concluded that adolescents are engaged early to practice sex, exposed to high risk sexual behavior, unfavorable attitude manifested to towards HIV/AIDS patients, the perception of risk acquisition is weak and there is inadequate family and social support to discuss about sexuality and protective measure. Hence, recommended that programs targeted towards adolescents should work with adolescents, promote their participation and equipped them with life skills to put their knowledge in to practice, and respond timely to the existing high demand for VCT by establishing accessible and affordable service centers. Key words: Adolescent, sexuality, risk perception, condom use
Peter Neuner: Der lange Schatten des I. Vatikanums. Wie das Konzil die Kirche noch heute blockiert
Creators: name: Schmidt, Bernward
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 2024

description: .
description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 40 (2021): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 40
Suppression of Spontaneous Defect Formation in Inhomogeneous Bose Gases
Creators: name: Kim, Myeonghyeon
name: Rabga, Tenzin
name: Lee, Yangheon
name: Goo, Junhong
name: Bae, Dalmin
name: Shin, Yong-il
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In phase transition dynamics involving symmetry breaking, topological defects can be spontaneously created but it is suppressed in a spatially inhomogeneous system due to the spreading of the ordered phase information. We demonstrate the defect suppression effect in a trapped atomic Bose gas which is quenched into a superfluid phase. The spatial distribution of created defects is measured for various quench times and it is shown that for slower quenches, the spontaneous defect production is relatively more suppressed in the sample's outer region with higher atomic density gradient. The power-law scaling of the local defect density with the quench time is enhanced in the outer region, which is consistent with the Kibble-Zurek mechanism including the causality effect due to the spatial inhomogeneity of the system. This work opens an avenue in the study of nonequilibrium phase transition dynamics using the defect position information.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Sarah Jäger: Bundesdeutscher Protestantismus und Geschlechterdiskurse 1949–1971
Creators: name: Plonz, Sabine
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 2024

description: .
description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 40 (2021): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 40
Tokyo Kion-On: Query-Based Generative Sonification of Atmospheric Data
Creators: name: Kalonaris, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Amid growing environmental concerns, interactive displays of data constitute an important tool for exploring and understanding the impact of climate change on the planet's ecosystemic integrity. This paper presents Tokyo kion-on, a query-based sonification model of Tokyo's air temperature from 1876 to 2021. The system uses a recurrent neural network architecture known as LSTM with attention trained on a small dataset of Japanese melodies and conditioned upon said atmospheric data. After describing the model's implementation, a brief comparative illustration of the musical results is presented, along with a discussion on how the exposed hyper-parameters can promote active and non-linear exploration of the data.
description: To appear in: Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD 2022)
Tissue segmentation in histologic images of intracranial aneurysm wall
Creators: name: Niemann, Annika
name: Talagini, Anitha
name: Kandapagari, Pavan
name: Preim, Bernhard
name: Saalfeld, Sylvia
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Intracranial aneurysm
subject: Histology
subject: Segmentation
subject: 000
subject: 610.72

description: We qualitatively compare three image segmentation techniques (filter and threshold-based segmentation, texture-based clustering and deep learning) for histologic images of intracranial aneurysms. Due to remodeling of the vessel wall and aneurysm formation, the tissue is highly diverse. Only the deep learning segmentation provided semantic information about the segmented tissue. The other segmentation techniques were designed to segment areas of different textures and tissues, respectively. Therefore, in contrast to the deep learning approach, they did not require knowledge of all tissue types possible occurring in intracranial aneurysms. Rare tissue classes were missed by the deep learning segmentation, but the resolution of the deep learning segmentation was better than the ground truth segmentation. Overall, the deep learning segmentation of ten classes achieved a test accuracy of 60.68%.
Nicole Priesching, Gisela Fleckenstein (Hrsg.): Lorenz Jaeger als Theologe. Eine Publikation der Kommission für kirchliche Zeitgeschichte im Erzbistum Paderborn
Creators: name: Geidner, Florian H.
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 2024

description: .
description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 40 (2021): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 40
Josephson plasma oscillations and the Gross-Pitaevskii equation: Bogoliubov approach vs two-mode model
Creators: name: Burchianti, Alessia
name: Fort, Chiara
name: Modugno, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Josephson plasma frequency for a condensate in a double-well potential, whose dynamics is described by the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation, can be obtained with great precision by means of the usual Bogoliubov approach, whereas the two-mode model - commonly constructed by means of a linear combinations of the low-lying states of the GP equation - generally provides accurate results only for weak interactions. A proper two-mode model in terms of the Bogoliubov functions is also discussed, revealing that in general a two-mode approach is formally justified only for not too large interactions, even in the limit of very small amplitude oscillations. Here we consider specifically the case of a one-dimensional system, but the results are expected to be valid in arbitrary dimensions.
description: Latex, 8 pages, 5 figures; improved discussion, new fig. 3
Some aspects of quadratic forms and expressions in normal variables
Creators: name: Pe., Than
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Does caring for others affect our mental health? Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Costi, Chiara
name: Hollingsworth, Bruce
name: O'Sullivan, Vincent
name: Zucchelli, Eugenio
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: Economics

description: Despite a growing literature about the mental health effects of COVID-19, less is known about the psychological costs of providing informal care during the pandemic. We examined longitudinal data from the UK’s Under-standing Society Survey, including eight COVID surveys, to estimate fixed effects difference-in-differences models combined with matching, to explore the causal effects of COVID-19 among informal carers. While matching accounts for selection on observables into caregiving, multiple period difference-in-differences specifications allow investigation of heterogeneous mental health effects of COVID-19 by timing and duration of informal care. The estimates suggest that while mental health fluctuated following the imposition of social restrictions, informal carers who started caregiving during the pandemic show the largest mental health deterioration, especially during lockdowns. Policies to mitigate the psychological burden of caregiving might be more effective if targeted at those starting to provide care for the first time.
Simon Oelgemöller: Karl Forster (1928–1981). Katholizismus in der politischen Kultur der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Creators: name: Liedhegener, Antonius
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 2024

description: .
description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 40 (2021): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 40
Evaluation of return rate and return determinants among first time voluntary blood donors in Ethiopian national blood bank service
Creators: name: Fantahun, Dagmawit
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: Introduction: -Accessibility of a safe and adequate blood transfusion is a challenge worldwide and even more critical in sub Saharan Africa. 44 % of maternal deaths due to blood loss during child birth, 20% of maternal and 15 % of child death as a result of anemia in Africa region could be managed with a well-timed safe blood transfusion. Though the world health organization (WHO) recommends that blood donation by 2%-3% of the country's population is needed to meet a nation's most basic requirement for blood, in Ethiopia less than 0.5 % of the population donates blood and nationally there are only 10,000 regular blood donors. Objective:-The aim of this study was to evaluate the return rate and return determinants among first time voluntary blood donors in Ethiopian national blood bank service (ENBBS). Methods:-To determine first time voluntary blood donors return rate secondary data reviewing was done. To investigate return determinants facility based unmatched case control study design was implemented. The cases were first time voluntary blood donors returned for donation within two years since their index donation whereas controls were those who didn't return. Pretested questionnaire was used to guide a telephonic interview to collect data from 438 samples that were selected randomly from the Ethiopian national blood bank service (ENBBS) donor record server. Filled data was pre coded and entered in Epidata version 3.1 and was exported to STATA version 14 for cleaning and analysis. Descriptive summary measures were used to describe levels of exposure in cases and controls and to assess the presence of association and their significance level a bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. Result:-Reviewing 24,684 first time voluntary blood donor's record the return rate was found to be 37.7% per two years. First time voluntary blood donor return was found more likely to be determined by altruism as a motivational factor for an index donation (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.02- 3.64) , positive perceived donation capability (AOR=7.3, 95% CI: 2.9 -15.04), Being aware of previously donated blood volume (AOR=4.8, 95% CI: 2.18 - 8.98). Conclusion:-Return rate of first time voluntary blood donors in ENBBS was low and return for subsequent donation was found more likely to be determined by donor's altruistic behavior, positive perceived capability and awareness on blood donation process. Therefore working on VII donor's awareness on the donation process and promoting encouraging message on building up altruistic motivation could enhance the return of first time voluntary blood donors.
Semi-inclusive electroproduction of hidden-charm and double-charm hadronic molecules
Creators: name: Shi, Pan-Pan
name: Guo, Feng-Kun
name: Yang, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The semi-inclusive electroproduction of exotic hadrons, including the $T_{cc}$, $P_{cs}$, and hidden-charm baryon-antibaryon states, is explored under the assumption that they are $S$-wave hadronic molecules of a pair of charmed hadrons. We employ the Monte Carlo event generator Pythia to produce the hadron pairs and then bind them together to form hadronic molecules. With the use of such a production mechanism, the semi-inclusive electroproduction rates are estimated at the order-of-magnitude level. Our results indicate that a larger number of $P_{cs}$ states and $Λ_c\barΛ_c$ molecules can be produced at the proposed electron-ion colliders in China (EicC) and in the US (EIC). The results also suggest that the $T_{cc}$ states and other hidden-charm baryon-antibaryon states can be searched for at EIC. Besides, the potential 24-GeV upgrade of the Continuous Beam Accelerator Facility at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility can play an important role in the search for the hidden-charm tetraquark and pentaquark states due to its high luminosity.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures. Version to appear in PRD
Reliability of perceptual-cognitive skills in a complex, laboratory-based team-sport setting
Creators: name: Hinz, Matthias
name: Lehmann, Nico
name: Melcher, Kevin
name: Aye, Norman
name: Radić, Vanja
name: Wagner, Herbert
name: Taubert, Marco
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Temporal occlusion
subject: Decision making
subject: Anticipation
subject: Team handball
subject: 790

description: The temporal occlusion paradigm is often used in anticipation and decision-making research in sports. Although it is considered as a valid measurement tool, evidence of its reproducibility is lacking but required for future cross-sectional and repeated-measures designs. Moreover, only a few studies on decision making in real-world environments exist. Here, we aimed at (a) implementing a temporal occlusion test with multi-dimensional motor response characteristics, and (b) assessing intra- and inter-session item reliability. Temporally occluded videos of attack sequences in a team handball scenario were created and combined with the SpeedCourt® contact plate system. Participants were instructed to perform pre-specified defensive actions in response to the video stimuli presented on a life-size projection screen. The intra- and inter-session (after at least 24 h) reproducibility of subjects’ motor responses were analyzed. Significant Cohen’s (0.44–0.54) and Fleiss’ (0.33–0.51) kappa statistics revealed moderate agreement of motor responses with the majority of attack situations in both intra- and inter-session analyses. Participants made faster choices with more visual information about the opponents’ unfolding action. Our findings indicate reliable decisions in a complex, near-game test environment for team handball players. The test provides a foundation for future temporal occlusion studies, including recommendations for new explanatory approaches in cognition research.
Dynamics of magnetized accretion disks of young stars
Creators: name: Khaibrakhmanov, Sergey A.
name: Dudorov, Alexander E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of the accretion disks of young stars with fossil large-scale magnetic field. The author's magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of the accretion disks is generalized to consider the dynamical influence of the magnetic field on gas rotation speed and vertical structure of the disks. With the help of the developed MHD model, the structure of an accretion disk of a solar mass T Tauri star is simulated for different accretion rates $\dot{M}$ and dust grain sizes $a_d$. The simulations of the radial structure of the disk show that the magnetic field in the disk is kinematic, and the electromagnetic force does not affect the rotation speed of the gas for typical values $\dot{M}=10^{-8}\,M_\odot\,\mbox{yr}^{-1}$ and $a_d=0.1 μ$m. In the case of large dust grains, $a_d\geq 1$ mm, the magnetic field is frozen into the gas and a dynamically strong magnetic field is generated at radial distances from the star $r\gtrsim 30$ au, the tensions of which slow down the rotation speed by $\lesssim 1.5$ % of the Keplerian velocity. This effect is comparable to the contribution of the radial gradient of gas pressure and can lead to the increase in the radial drift velocity of dust grains in the accretion disks. In the case of high accretion rate, $\dot{M}\geq 10^{-7}\,M_\odot\,\mbox{yr}^{-1}$, the magnetic field is also dynamically strong in the inner region of the disk, $r<0.2$ au. The simulations of the vertical structure of the disk show that, depending on the conditions on the surface of the disk, the vertical gradient of magnetic pressure can lead to both decrease and increase in the characteristic thickness of the disk as compared to the hydrostatic one by 5-20 %. The change in the thickness of the disk occurs outside the region of low ionization fraction and effective magnetic diffusion (`dead' zone), which extends from $r=0.3$ to $20$ au at typical parameters.
description: Accepted to Astronomy Reports, 12 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Carbon and hydrogen radio recombination lines from the cold clouds towards Cassiopeia A
Creators: name: Oonk, J. B. R.
name: van Weeren, R. J.
name: Salas, P.
name: Salgado, F.
name: Morabito, L. K.
name: Toribio, M. C.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
name: Rottgering, H. J. A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Low Frequency Array to perform a systematic high spectral resolution investigation of the low-frequency 33-78 MHz spectrum along the line of sight to Cassiopeia A. We complement this with a 304-386 MHz Westerbork Synthesis Radio telescope observation. In this first paper we focus on the carbon radio recombination lines. We detect Cn$α$ lines at -47 and -38 km s$^{-1}$ in absorption for quantum numbers n=438-584 and in emission for n=257-278 with high signal to noise. These lines are associated with cold clouds in the Perseus spiral arm component. Hn$α$ lines are detected in emission for n=257-278. In addition, we also detect Cn$α$ lines at 0 km s$^{-1}$ associated with the Orion arm. We analyze the optical depth of these transitions and their line width. Our models show that the carbon line components in the Perseus arm are best fit with an electron temperature 85 K and an electron density 0.04 cm$^{-3}$ and can be constrained to within 15\%. The electron pressure is constrained to within 20\%. We argue that much of these carbon radio recombination lines arise in the CO-dark surface layers of molecular clouds where most of the carbon is ionized but hydrogen has made the transition from atomic to molecular. The hydrogen lines are clearly associated with the carbon line emitting clouds, but the low-frequency upperlimits indicate that they likely do not trace the same gas. Combining the hydrogen and carbon results we arrive at a firm lower limit to the cosmic ray ionization rate of 2.5$\times$10$^{-18}$ s$^{-1}$, but the actual value is likely much larger.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 29 pages, 15 figures and 7 tables
A 5d perspective on the compactifications of 6d SCFTs to 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFTs
Creators: name: Sabag, Evyatar
name: Sacchi, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compactifying 6d superconformal field theories (SCFTs) to 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ theories on two-punctured spheres (tubes) and tori with flux is realized using duality domain walls in 5d $\mathcal{N}=1$ Kaluza-Klein (KK) theories, which are usually denoted by $flux$ $domain$ $walls$. We revisit this construction and study it in detail from the 5d perspective, specifically rephrasing it using the box graph description of the extended Coulomb branch phases of 5d theories. This perspective could be helpful in understanding how to equivalently realize the 4d $\mathcal{N}=1$ models from geometric engineering in M-theory. Along the way, we show how to recover various properties of the 4d theories from the 5d perspective, such as the flux associated to the domain wall configurations and the presence of a $\mathfrak{u}(1)$ global symmetry in the 4d theory descending from the KK symmetry on the tube, which is broken to a discrete subgroup on a flux torus. We demonstrate all of these ideas using the rank 1 E-string theory.
description: 50 pages, 16 figures
Petra Heinicker: Kolpingsarbeit in der SBZ und DDR 1945–1990
Creators: name: Holzbrecher, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 2024

description: .
description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 40 (2021): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 40
A structured pathway toward disruption : a novel HealthTec Innovation Design curriculum with entrepreneurship in mind
Creators: name: Fritzsche, Holger
name: Barbazzeni, Beatrice
name: Mahmeen, Mohd
name: Haider, Sultan
name: Friebe, Michael
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biodesign
subject: Design thinking
subject: Health democratization
subject: Bioengineering education
subject: Disruptive technologies
subject: Exponential medicine
subject: Future of health
subject: Twenty-first century skills
subject: 610.72

description: The typical curriculum of training and educating future clinicians, biomedical engineers, health IT, and artificial intelligence experts lacks needed twenty first-century skills like problem-solving, stakeholder empathy, curiosity stimulation, entrepreneurship, and health economics, which are essential generators and are pre-requirements for creating intentional disruptive innovations. Moreover, the translation from research to a valuable and affordable product/process innovation is not formalized by the current teachings that focus on short-term rather than long-term developments, leading to inaccurate and incremental forecasting on the future of healthcare and longevity. The Stanford Biodesign approach of unmet clinical need detection would be an excellent starting methodology for health-related innovation work, although unfortunately not widely taught yet. We have developed a novel lecture titled HealthTec Innovation Design (HTID) offered in an interdisciplinary setup to medical students and biomedical engineers. It teaches a future-oriented view and the application and effects of exponential trends. We implemented a novel approach using the Purpose Launchpad meta-methodology combined with other innovation generation tools to define, experiment, and validate existing project ideas. As part of the process of defining the novel curriculum, we used experimentation methods, like a global science fiction event to create a comic book with Future Health stories and an Innovation Think Tank Certification Program of a large medical technology company that is focused on identifying future health opportunities. We conducted before and after surveys and concluded that the proposed initiatives were impactful in developing an innovative design thinking approach. Participants’ awareness and enthusiasm were raised, including their willingness to implement taught skills, values, and methods in their working projects. We conclude that a new curriculum based on HTID is essential and needed to move the needle of healthcare activities from treating sickness to maintaining health.
Nicole Priesching, Arnold Otto (Hrsg.): Lorenz Jaeger als Ökumeniker
Creators: name: Thönissen, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 2024

description: .
description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 40 (2021): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 40
Floquet topological phase transitions in a periodically quenched dimer
Creators: name: Jangjan, Milad
name: Torres, Luis E. F. Foa
name: Hosseini, Mir Vahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the theoretical investigation of the topological properties of a periodically quenched one-dimensional dimerized lattice where a piece-wise constant Hamiltonian switches from $h_1$ to $h_2$ at a partition time $t_p$ within each driving period $T$. We examine different dimerization patterns for $h_1$ and $h_2$ and the interplay with the driving parameters that lead to the emergence of topological states both at zero energy and at the edge of the Brillouin-Floquet quasi-energy zone. We illustrate different phenomena, including the occurrence of both edge states in a semimetal spectrum, the topological transitions, and the generation of zero-energy topological states from trivial snapshots. The role of the different symmetries in our results is also discussed.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Vascular auscultation of carotid artery : towards biometric identification and verification of individuals
Creators: name: Salvi, Rutuja
name: Fuentealba, Patricio
name: Henze, Jasmin
name: Bisgin, Pinar
name: Sühn, Thomas
name: Spiller, Moritz
name: Burmann, Anja
name: Boese, Axel
name: Illanes, Alfredo
name: Friebe, Michael
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Authentication
subject: Biometric
subject: Vascular sounds
subject: Carotid artery
subject: Spoofing
subject: 621.3

description: Background: Biometric sensing is a security method for protecting information and property. State-of-the-art biometric traits are behavioral and physiological in nature. However, they are vulnerable to tampering and forgery. Methods: The proposed approach uses blood flow sounds in the carotid artery as a source of biometric information. A handheld sensing device and an associated desktop application were built. Between 80 and 160 carotid recordings of 11 s in length were acquired from seven individuals each. Wavelet-based signal analysis was performed to assess the potential for biometric applications. Results: The acquired signals per individual proved to be consistent within one carotid sound recording and between multiple recordings spaced by several weeks. The averaged continuous wavelet transform spectra for all cardiac cycles of one recording showed specific spectral characteristics in the time-frequency domain, allowing for the discrimination of individuals, which could potentially serve as an individual fingerprint of the carotid sound. This is also supported by the quantitative analysis consisting of a small convolutional neural network, which was able to differentiate between different users with over 95% accuracy. Conclusion: The proposed approach and processing pipeline appeared promising for the discrimination of individuals. The biometrical recognition could clinically be used to obtain and highlight differences from a previously established personalized audio profile and subsequently could provide information on the source of the deviation as well as on its effects on the individual’s health. The limited number of individuals and recordings require a study in a larger population along with an investigation of the long-term spectral stability of carotid sounds to assess its potential as a biometric marker. Nevertheless, the approach opens the perspective for automatic feature extraction and classification.
New long-term braking index measurements for glitching pulsars using a glitch-template method
Creators: name: Espinoza, C. M.
name: Lyne, A. G.
name: Stappers, B. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Braking index measurements offer the opportunity to explore the processes affecting the long-term spin evolution of pulsars and possible evolutionary connections between the various pulsar populations. For young pulsars the long-term trends are generally obscured by short term phenomena such as timing noise and the recoveries form large glitches. Here we present a new method to overcome the latter and report on braking index measurements for the Vela-like pulsars PSR B1800-21 and PSR B1823-13, an updated measurement for Vela and new estimates for four more glitching pulsars observed at Jodrell Bank Observatory. The values of braking indices describe the long-term evolution of the pulsars across the P-P' diagram. Despite some measurements being affected by considerable uncertainties, there is evidence for a common trend involving low braking indices (n<=2) among young glitching pulsars. Such values introduce a new variant in the evolution of young pulsars and their relationship with other populations in the P-P' diagram. Low braking indices also imply that these pulsars could be a few times older than their characteristic ages. We consider PSR B1757-24 and conclude that the pulsar could be old enough to be related to the supernova remnant G5.4-1.2. Between glitches, the short-term evolution of Vela-like pulsars is characterised by large inter-glitch braking indices n_ig > 10. We interpret both short and long term trends as signatures of the large glitch activity, and speculate that they are driven by short-term post-glitch re-coupling and a cumulative long-term decoupling of superfluid to the rotation of the star.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Effect of the external fields in high Chern number quantum anomalous Hall insulators
Creators: name: Baba, Yuriko
name: Amado, Mario
name: Diez, Enrique
name: Domínguez-Adame, Francisco
name: Molina, Rafael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum anomalous Hall state with high Chern number has so far been realized in multiplayer structures consisting of alternating magnetic and undoped topological insulator layers. However, in previous proposals, the Chern number can be only tuned by varying the doping concentration or the width of the magnetic topological insulator layers. This drawback largely restrict the applications of dissipationless chiral edge currents in electronics since the number of conducting channels remains fixed. In this work, we propose a way of varying the Chern number at will in these multilayered structures by means of an external electric field applied along the stacking direction. In the presence of an electric field in the stacking direction, the inverted bands of the unbiased structure coalesce and hybridize, generating new inverted bands and collapsing the previously inverted ones. In this way, the number of Chern states can be tuned externally in the sample, without the need of modifying the number and width of the layers or the doping level. We showed that this effect can be uncovered by the variation of the transverse conductance as a function of the electric field at constant injection energy at the Fermi level.
A novel alloy development approach : biomedical equiatomic Ta-Nb-Ti alloy
Creators: name: Regenberg, Maximilian
name: Schmelzer, Janett
name: Hasemann, Georg
name: Bertrand, Jessica
name: Krüger, Manja
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High-entropy alloys
subject: Refractory elements
subject: Biocompatibility
subject: Biomedical materials
subject: Cell cultivation
subject: 621.8

description: In the present manuscript, we report on the properties of an equiatomic Ta-Nb-Ti alloy as the basis for a novel, biomedical, multi-component alloy development. The alloy was produced using an arc melting furnace under Ar atmosphere, metallographically prepared, and investigated respectively. Furthermore, the alloy produced, as well as samples of elemental Ta, Nb, alloy Co- 28Cr-6Mo, and alloy Ti-6Al-4V, were prepared with defined 1200 grit SiC grinding paper. The topography of the surfaces was evaluated using confocal microscopy and contact angle measurements subsequently. Afterwards, the biocompatibility of the novel alloy Ta-Nb-Ti was evaluated by means of cell (osteoblast) attachment as well as monocyte inflammatory response analysis. First results indicate competitive osteoblast attachment, as well as comparable expressions of fibrosis markers in comparison to conventionally used biomedical materials. In addition, the Ta-Nb-Ti alloy showed a markedly reduced inflammatory capacity, indicating a high potential for use as a prospective biomedical material.
Matthias Nowotny: Ein unvollendet vollendetes Leben – Leben und Werk des Kanonisten Karl Hofmann
Creators: name: Schmiesing, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 2024

description: .
description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 40 (2021): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 40
Daniela Simon: Religion und Gewalt. Ostkroatien und Nordbosnien 1941–1945
Creators: name: Schmid, Sanela
Publisher: name: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte
Year: 2024

description: .
description: Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 40 (2021): Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Band 40
A fast and improved tunable aggregation model for stochastic simulation of spray fluidized bed agglomeration
Creators: name: Singh, Abhinandan Kumar
name: Tsotsas, Evangelos
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agglomeration
subject: Morphology
subject: Monte Carlo
subject: Tunable aggregation model
subject: Polydisperse primary particles
subject: 610.72

description: Agglomeration in spray fluidized bed (SFB) is a particle growth process that improves powder properties in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. In order to analyze the underlying mechanisms behind the generation of SFB agglomerates, modeling of the growth process is essential. Morphology plays an imperative role in understanding product behavior. In the present work, the sequential tunable algorithm developed in previous studies to generate monodisperse SFB agglomerates is improved and extended to polydisperse primary particles. The improved algorithm can completely retain the given input fractal properties (fractal dimension and prefactor) for polydisperse agglomerates (with normally distributed radii of primary particles having a standard deviation of 10% from the mean value). Other morphological properties strongly agreed with the experimental SFB agglomerates. Furthermore, this tunable aggregation model is integrated into the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The kinetics of the overall agglomeration at various operating conditions, like binder concentration and inlet fluidized gas temperature, are investigated. The present model accurately predicts the morphological descriptors of SFB agglomerates and the overall kinetics under various operating parameters.
Fast preparation of W states with superconducting quantum interference devices by using dressed states
Creators: name: Kang, Yi-Hao
name: Chen, Ye-Hong
name: Shi, Zhi-Cheng
name: Song, Jie
name: Xia, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a protocol to prepare W states with superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) by using dressed states. Through choosing a set of dressed states suitably, the protocol can be used to accelerate the adiabatic passages while additional couplings are unnecessary. Moreover, we can optimize the evolution of the system with the restraint to the populations of the intermediate states by choosing suitable controlled parameters. Numerical simulations show that the protocol is robust against the parameter variations and decoherence mechanisms. Furthermore, the protocol is faster and more robust against the dephasing, compared with that by the adiabatic passages. As for the Rabi frequencies of pulses designed by the method, they can be expressed by the linear superpositions of Gaussian functions, which does not increase difficulties to the experiments. In addition, the protocol could be controlled and manipulated easily in experiments with a circuit quantum electrodynamics system.
description: 14 pages (one column), 8 figures, has been accepted by Physical Review A
Field-Induced Boson Insulating States in a 2D Superconducting Electron Gas with Strong Spin-Orbit Scatterings
Creators: name: Maniv, Tsofar
name: Zhuravlev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of field-induced superconductor-to-insulator transitions observed experimentally in electron-doped SrTiO$_{3}$/LaAlO$_{3}$ interfaces, analyzed recently by means of 2D superconducting fluctuations theory (Phys. Rev. B \textbf{104}, 054503 (2021)), is revisited with new insights associating it with the appearance at low temperatures of field-induced boson insulating states. Within the framework of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau functional approach, we pinpoint the origin of these states in field-induced extreme softening of fluctuation modes over a large region in momentum space, upon diminishing temperature, which drives Cooper-pair fluctuations to condense into mesoscopic puddles in real space. Dynamical quantum tunneling of Cooper-pair fluctuations out of these puddles, introduced within a phenomenological approach, which break into mobile single-electron states, contains the high-field resistance onset predicted by the exclusive boson theory.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2201.01152