cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Success of constructed oyster reefs in no-harvest sanctuaries: implications for restoration
Creators: name: Powers, Sean P.
name: Lenihan, Hunter S.
name: Peterson, Charles H.
name: Grabowski, Jonathan H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: ABSTRACT: Dramatic declines in populations of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica are a symptom of degradation in many US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico estuaries. We sampled 94 oyster reefs (88 constructed, 6 natural) within 11 no-harvest sanctuaries in estuaries of central and northern North Carolina, USA, to evaluate the success of oyster sanctuaries as a conservation tool. The sanctuaries have been in existence from 3 to 30 yr; 10 sanctuaries protect constructed (‘restored’) oyster reefs and 1 sanctuary protects natural reefs. Measurements of vertical relief, live oyster density, recruitment, abundance of market-sized oysters, and biomass as well as disease prevalence and severity indicated that 7 of the 11 sanctuaries met criteria for minimal success by having vertical relief >20 cm in height, living oysters (>10 oysters m–2), and evidence of recent recruitment in 1 of 2 yr of the survey. Most reefs within the 7 sanctuaries far surpassed these relatively low benchmarks. For reefs that failed, burial by sedimentation appeared to be the primary cause in 2 sanctuaries, poor water quality (low dissolved oxygen) in 1, and poor oyster recruitment in another. All intertidal reefs were successful and had significantly higher densities of all size categories of live oysters (spat, adult, marketable size) than subtidal oyster reefs. Disease prevalence and severity were low in sanctuary reefs despite high oyster densities and increased longevity of oysters on these reefs. Pronouncements that restoration of the native eastern oyster is a failure prove incorrect when a decade-long history of oyster reef sanctuaries is evaluated. The proposed introduction of a non-native oyster into the US Atlantic coast estuaries cannot be justified by claiming failure of native oyster restoration in light of promising successes within sanctuaries.
The global stability of M33 in MOND
Creators: name: Banik, Indranil
name: Thies, Ingo
name: Candlish, Graeme
name: Famaey, Benoit
name: Ibata, Rodrigo
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical stability of disk galaxies is sensitive to whether their anomalous rotation curves are caused by dark matter halos or Milgromian Dynamics (MOND). We investigate this by setting up a MOND model of M33. We first simulate it in isolation for 6 Gyr, starting from an initial good match to the rotation curve (RC). Too large a bar and bulge form when the gas is too hot, but this is avoided by reducing the gas temperature. A strong bar still forms in 1 Gyr, but rapidly weakens and becomes consistent with the observed weak bar. Previous work showed this to be challenging in Newtonian models with a live dark matter halo, which developed strong bars. The bar pattern speed implies a realistic corotation radius of 3 kpc. However, the RC still rises too steeply, and the central line of sight velocity dispersion (LOSVD) is too high. We then add a constant external acceleration field of $8.4 \times 10^{-12}$ m/s$^2$ at $30^\circ$ to the disk as a first order estimate for the gravity exerted by M31. This suppresses buildup of material at the centre, causing the RC to rise more slowly and reducing the central LOSVD. Overall, this simulation bears good resemblance to several global properties of M33, and highlights the importance of including even a weak external field on the stability and evolution of disk galaxies. Further simulations with a time-varying external field, modeling the full orbit of M33, will be needed to confirm its resemblance to observations.
description: 39 pages, 31 figures, 2 tables, 6 MB. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, Equation 34 fixed and references updated
(2703) Dora Wicksteed
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Phase shifts and stable states on coral reefs
Creators: name: Precht, William F.
name: Aronson, Richard B.
name: Bruno, John F.
name: Dudgeon, Steve R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Recent transitions from coral to macroalgal dominance on some tropical reefs have engendered debate about their causes and effects. A widely accepted view is that reef environments support stable, alternative coral or non-coral assemblages, despite the lack of evidence to support this hypothesis. Confusion in the literature stems from (1) misunderstanding theory; and (2) conflating a switch between alternative stable states with a shift in the phase portrait of a single equilibrial system caused by a persistent change, or trend, in the environment. In the present paper we outline the conceptual derivation of the hypothesis of alternative stable states, distinguish it from the phase-shift hypothesis, and discuss the evidence required to support each one. For cases in which firm conclusions can be drawn, data from fossil and modern reefs overwhelmingly support the phase-shift hypothesis rather than the hypothesis of alternative stable states. On tropical reefs, a given environment evidently supports at most a single stable community. Corals dominate environments that are disturbed primarily by natural events and have small anthropogenic impacts. In such environments, macroalgae dominate a stage during some successional trajectories to the stable, coral-dominated community. In anthropogenically perturbed environments, the resilience of the coral-dominated community is lost, precipitating phase shifts to communities dominated by macroalgae or other non-coral taxa. The implication for reef management and restoration is both substantial and optimistic. To the extent that the environments of degraded reefs are restored, either passively or actively, the communities should return to coral dominance.
title: Comment mettre en place une pédagogie de projet qui stimule la motivation des élèves ?
title: Comment mettre en place une pédagogie de projet qui stimule la motivation des élèves ?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Corthésy, Justine
name: Cossy, Jamina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Motivation
subject: Pédagogie de projet
subject: Élève acteur
subject: Pédagogie active
subject: Sens
subject: Apprentissage

description: Pour notre mémoire, nous avons choisi de travailler sur une thématique liée à la gestion de classe. Nous avons décidé d’observer la motivation et cela au travers de la mise en place d’une pédagogie active. La pédagogie de projet a donc retenu notre attention pour ce projet de mémoire. Dans un premier temps, nous avons mis en place un projet dans chacune de nos classes de stage respectives. Les séquences mises en place étaient en lien avec le programme et les degrés des élèves. Dans la classe de 5P, les élèves ont travaillé le cycle de l’eau puis ils ont préparé, enregistré et diffusé deux émissions radio. Dans la classe de 7P, la réalisation d’un exposé en histoire sur Keynote a été mis en place. Ces deux projets se sont déroulés pendant trois mois. Pendant le déroulement de nos projets, nous avons récolté différentes traces nous permettant, par la suite, d’évaluer la motivation de nos élèves. Nous avons demandé aux élèves de répondre à des questionnaires et cela avant, pendant et après les projets. Pour l’analyse des résultats, nous nous nous sommes appuyées sur les 4 composantes et les 3 indicateurs de la motivation proposé par Viau (2009). Les traces récoltées nous ont permis, dans un second temps, d’évaluer la motivation des élèves et ainsi répondre à notre question de recherche. La question de notre recherche a été la suivante : Comment mettre en place une pédagogie de projet qui stimule la motivation des élèves et la maintient ?
Transmission electron microscopy image from Orientation-dependent structural and photocatalytic properties of LaCoO3 epitaxial nano-thin films.
Creators: name: Zhang, Yan-Ping
name: Liu, Hai-Feng
name: Hu, Hai-Long
name: Rui-Shi Xie
name: Ma, Guo-Hua
name: Huo, Ji-Chuan
name: Wang, Hai-Bin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 100799 Nanotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: The cross-section and lattice fringe phase analysis of the LCO films
Overcoming Boltzmann's Tyranny in a Transistor via the Topological Quantum Field Effect
Creators: name: Nadeem, Muhammad
name: Di Bernardo, Iolanda
name: Wang, Xiaolin
name: Fuhrer, Michael S.
name: Culcer, Dimitrie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sub-threshold swing is the fundamental critical parameter determining the operation of a transistor in low-power applications such as switches. It determines the fraction of dissipation due to the gate capacitance used for turning the device on and off, and in a conventional transistor it is limited by Boltzmann's tyranny to kTln(10)/q, or 60 mV per decade. Here, we demonstrate that the sub-threshold swing of a topological transistor, in which conduction is enabled by a topological phase transition via electric field switching, can be sizably reduced in a non-interacting system by modulating the Rashba spin-orbit interaction via a top-gate electric field. We refer to this as the Topological Quantum Field Effect and to the transistor as a Topological Quantum Field Effect transistor (TQFET). By developing a general theoretical framework for quantum spin Hall materials with honeycomb lattices we explicitly show that the Rashba interaction can reduce the sub-threshold swing by more than 25% compared to Boltzmann's limit in currently available materials, but without any fundamental lower bound, a discovery that can guide future materials design and steer the engineering of topological quantum devices.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
(2699) Godfrey Garton Wicksteed
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Scanning electron microscopy images from Orientation-dependent structural and photocatalytic properties of LaCoO3 epitaxial nano-thin films
Creators: name: Zhang, Yan-Ping
name: Liu, Hai-Feng
name: Hu, Hai-Long
name: Rui-Shi Xie
name: Ma, Guo-Hua
name: Huo, Ji-Chuan
name: Wang, Hai-Bin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 100799 Nanotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: The surface morphology of LCO films
Discrete mKdV equation via Darboux transformation
Creators: name: Cho, Joseph
name: Rossman, Wayne
name: Seno, Tomoya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A70 (Primary) 35Q53, 53A04 (Secondary)

description: We introduce an efficient route to obtaining the discrete potential mKdV equation emerging from a particular discrete motion of discrete planar curves.
description: 5 pages
Efficient Service Broker Policy For Large-Scale Cloud Environments
Creators: name: Radi, Mohammed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Algorithms, policies, and methodologies are necessary to achieve high user satisfaction and practical utilization in cloud computing by ensuring the efficient and fair allocation of every computing resource. Whenever a new job arrives in cloud environments, the service broker is responsible for selecting the data center that will execute that job. Selecting data centers serves an important function in enhancing the performance of a cloud environment. This study proposes a new service broker policy for large-scale cloud applications based on the round-robin algorithm. The proposed policy is implemented and evaluated using a CloudAnalyst simulator. It is then compared with three existing policies in terms of overall average response time by using different virtual machine load balancing algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed policy improves the overall average response time relative to that of the other policies.
Prey size selection and bottom type influence multiple predator effects in a crab–bivalve system
Creators: name: Kay, Jenessa
name: Peterson, Charles H.
name: Wong, Melisa C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: ABSTRACT: Consumption by multiple conspecific or interspecific predators on shared prey is not always predicted when data from isolated predators are combined. Predator interactions can result in non-independent predator effects on prey, and may be influenced by prey size selection and bottom type. We examined stone crab Menippe mercenaria and blue crab Callinectes sapidus predation of hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria. Interactions between these predators may become common in mid-Atlantic estuaries as stone crab abundance increases with a poleward range shift driven by climate change. Crabs in isolation, in conspecific pairs and in the interspecific pair were offered clams in 5 size classes simultaneously (10–60 mm shell length [SL]) or 1 size class (10–20 mm SL). Trials were on sand and hard bottom. On sand, all predator pairs had independent effects on prey, regardless of the presence or absence of multiple prey sizes. On hard bottom, when multiple prey sizes were present, blue crab conspecific and the interspecific pairs consumed less than predicted from isolated crabs. Strong selection of small clams by blue crabs led to conspecific interactions that reduced foraging compared to isolated crabs. Because stone crabs consumed all clam sizes, behaviours other than prey size selection caused the non-independent effect on prey by the interspecific pair. When multiple prey sizes were absent on hard bottom, most predator pairs had independent effects on prey. Thus, an expected poleward range shift of stone crabs may not increase interactions with blue crabs when foraging on sand. However, on hard bottom, increased predator interactions could reduce overall predation risk for prey, especially when consuming multiple prey sizes. In a climate-changed mid-Atlantic estuary, stone crabs will consume a wide range of clam sizes, and the size refuge large clams usually have from blue crab predation will be lost.
Regional spatio-temporal trends in Caribbean coral reef benthic communities
Creators: name: Selig, Elizabeth R.
name: Bruno, John F.
name: Schutte, Virginia G.W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: ABSTRACT: Coral cover has declined on reefs worldwide with particularly acute losses in the Caribbean. Despite our awareness of the broad-scale patterns and timing of Caribbean coral loss, there is little published information on: (1) finer-scale, subregional patterns over the last 35 yr, (2) regional-scale trends since 2001, and (3) macroalgal cover changes. We analyzed the spatiotemporal trends of benthic coral reef communities in the Caribbean using quantitative data from 3777 coral cover surveys of 1962 reefs from 1971 to 2006 and 2247 macroalgal cover surveys of 875 reefs from 1977 to 2006. A subset of 376 reefs was surveyed more than once (monitored). The largest 1 yr decline in coral cover occurred from 1980 to 1981, corresponding with the beginning of the Caribbean-wide Acropora spp. white band disease outbreak. Our results suggest that, regionally, coral cover has been relatively stable since this event (i.e. from 1982 to 2006). The largest increase in macroalgal cover was in 1986, 3 yr after the regional die-off of the urchin grazer Diadema antillarum began. Subsequently, macroalgal cover declined in 1987 and has been stable since then. Regional mean (±1 SE) macroalgal cover from 2001 to 2005 was 15.3 ± 0.4% (n = 1821 surveys). Caribbean-wide mean (±1 SE) coral cover was 16.0 ± 0.4% (n = 1547) for this same time period. Both macroalgal and coral cover varied significantly among subregions from 2001 to 2005, with the lowest coral cover in the Florida Keys and the highest coral cover in the Gulf of Mexico. Spatio-temporal patterns from the subset of monitored reefs are concordant with the conclusions drawn from the entire database. Our results suggest that coral and macroalgal cover on Caribbean reef benthic communities has changed relatively little since the mid-1980s.
(2701) Joan Ursula Lawrence
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Generating Out of Distribution Adversarial Attack using Latent Space Poisoning
Creators: name: Upadhyay, Ujjwal
name: Mukherjee, Prerana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional adversarial attacks rely upon the perturbations generated by gradients from the network which are generally safeguarded by gradient guided search to provide an adversarial counterpart to the network. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism of generating adversarial examples where the actual image is not corrupted rather its latent space representation is utilized to tamper with the inherent structure of the image while maintaining the perceptual quality intact and to act as legitimate data samples. As opposed to gradient-based attacks, the latent space poisoning exploits the inclination of classifiers to model the independent and identical distribution of the training dataset and tricks it by producing out of distribution samples. We train a disentangled variational autoencoder (beta-VAE) to model the data in latent space and then we add noise perturbations using a class-conditioned distribution function to the latent space under the constraint that it is misclassified to the target label. Our empirical results on MNIST, SVHN, and CelebA dataset validate that the generated adversarial examples can easily fool robust l_0, l_2, l_inf norm classifiers designed using provably robust defense mechanisms.
description: IEEE SPL 2021
(2698) Eileen Wicksteed
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Transmission electron microscopy image from Orientation-dependent structural and photocatalytic properties of LaCoO3 epitaxial nano-thin films
Creators: name: Zhang, Yan-Ping
name: Liu, Hai-Feng
name: Hu, Hai-Long
name: Rui-Shi Xie
name: Ma, Guo-Hua
name: Huo, Ji-Chuan
name: Wang, Hai-Bin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 100799 Nanotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: The cross-section and lattice fringe phase analysis of the LCO films
Evaluating estuarine habitats using secondary production as a proxy for food web support
Creators: name: Peterson, Charles H.
name: Wong, Melisa C.
name: Piehler, Michael F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: ABSTRACT: The management, restoration, and conservation of estuarine habitats would benefit from knowledge of habitat-specific functions that reflect important ecosystem services. Secondary production may provide a comprehensive metric of food web support because it synthesizes contributions of local primary production, food subsidies from other habitats, and the protective influences of habitat structure. Despite widespread perceptions of how habitats compare in food web contribution, few methodologically comparable studies on secondary production across multiple estuarine habitats exist. At field sites in North Carolina, USA, annual secondary production was estimated for macrobenthic infaunal and epifaunal communities in salt marshes, seagrass meadows, oyster reefs, intertidal and subtidal flats, and on shoreline stabilization structures. Habitats with hard emergent or biogenic structure generally exhibited higher secondary production than habitats lacking structure. Oyster reef had the highest secondary production, ranging from 467.3 to 853.7 g ash free dry mass (AFDM) m−2 yr−1, while shoreline stabilization structures ranked high because of dense epifaunal communities. Estimates of secondary production suggest ranking of natural habitats as oyster reef > salt marsh > seagrass > intertidal flat and subtidal flat. Undesirable impacts of shoreline stabilization structures on adjacent habitats made their inclusion in this ranking of food web support by habitat difficult. The importance of suspension feeders on oyster reefs, shoreline stabilization structures, and in some marshes suggests that secondary production patterns are partly influenced by external subsidies facilitated by support from habitat structure. Consequently, estuarine rehabilitation should include structural habitat elements that will contribute to ecosystem production at higher trophic levels. Without such habitat restoration, the fate of estuaries in the USA affected by anthropogenic stressors may be loss of habitat diversity and prevalence of low-trophic-supporting habitats.
Flexo-electricity of the dowser texture
Creators: name: Pieranski, Pawel
name: Godinho, Maria Helena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The persistent quasi-planar nematic texture known also as the dowser texture is characterized by a 2D unitary vector field d. We show here that the dowser texture is sensitive, in first order, to electric fields. This property is due to the flexo-electric polarisation P collinear with d expected from R.B. Meyer's considerations on flexo-electricity in nematics. It is pointed out that due to the flexo-electric polarisation nematic monopoles can be manipulated by electric fields of appropriated geometry.
Validation of EEG forward modeling approaches in the presence of anisotropy in the source space
Creators: name: Drechsler, Florian
name: Vorwerk, Johannes
name: Haueisen, Jens
name: Grasedyck, Lars
name: Wolters, Carsten H.
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2022
Subjects: EEG
anisotropy
finite element method
forward problem
multilayer sphere models
source analysis
validation

description: 29 Seiten : Diagramme, Tabellen (2022).
The evolution of patterns of organelle inheritance in relation to the evolution of meiotic sex. from How oxygen gave rise to eukaryotic sex.
Creators: name: Hörandl, Elvira
name: Speijer, Dave
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Discussion of organelle inheritance
How small-scale variation in oyster reef patchiness influences predation on bivalves
Creators: name: Geraldi, Nathan R.
name: Peterson, Charles H.
name: MacReadie, Peter I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: ABSTRACT: As oyster fishing continues to degrade reef habitat along the US Atlantic coast, oyster reefs appear increasingly fragmented on small spatial scales. In outdoor mesocosms, experiments tested how consumption of representatives of 4 different bivalve guilds by each of 3 mesopredators varies between continuous and fine-scale patches of oyster reef habitat. The mesopredator that fed least (stone crab) exhibited no detectable change in consumption on any bivalve (ribbed mussel, bay scallop, hard clam, and 3 size classes of eastern oyster). Consumption of bay scallops by both blue crabs and sheepshead fish was greater in small patches than in continuous oyster reef habitat. Of the bivalve guilds tested, only the scallop possesses swimming motility sufficient to reduce predation, an escape response that would likely leave the bivalve protected within structured habitat in larger continuous oyster reefs. Sheepshead consumed more small oysters in the continuous habitat than in the fine patches, while no other predator–prey interaction exhibited differential feeding as a function of habitat patchiness. Consequently, predation by mesopredators on bivalves can vary with the scale of oyster reef patchiness, but this process may depend upon the bivalve guild. Understanding the role of habitat patchiness on fine scales may be increasingly important in view of the declines in apex predatory sharks leading to mesopredator release, and global climate change directly and indirectly enhancing stone crab abundances, thereby increasing potential predation on bivalves.
(2700) Ivor Benedict Wicksteed
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The interplay of multicellularity, meiotic sex and ROS from How oxygen gave rise to eukaryotic sex.
Creators: name: Hörandl, Elvira
name: Speijer, Dave
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Discussion of establishment of sex in multicellular organisms
Giant atomic swirl in graphene bilayers with biaxial heterostrain
Creators: name: Mesple, F.
name: Walet, N. R.
name: de Laissardière, G. Trambly
name: Guinea, F.
name: Dosenovic, D.
name: Okuno, H.
name: Paillet, C.
name: Michon, A.
name: Chapelier, C.
name: Renard, V. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of moiré engineering started with the advent of van der Waals heterostructures in which stacking two-dimensional layers with different lattice constants leads to a moiré pattern controlling their electronic properties. The field entered a new era when it was found that adjusting the twist between two graphene layers led to strongly-correlated-electron physics and topological effects associated with atomic relaxation. Twist is now used routinely to adjust the properties of two-dimensional materials. Here, we investigate a new type of moiré superlattice in bilayer graphene when one layer is biaxially strained with respect to the other - so-called biaxial heterostrain. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements uncover spiraling electronic states associated with a novel symmetry-breaking atomic reconstruction at small biaxial heterostrain. Atomistic calculations using experimental parameters as inputs reveal that a giant atomic swirl forms around regions of aligned stacking to reduce the mechanical energy of the bilayer. Tight-binding calculations performed on the relaxed structure show that the observed electronic states decorate spiraling domain wall solitons as required by topology. This study establishes biaxial heterostrain as an important parameter to be harnessed for the next step of moiré engineering in van der Waals multilayers.
An Unsupervised Reconstruction Method For Low-Dose CT Using Deep Generative Regularization Prior
Creators: name: Unal, Mehmet Ozan
name: Ertas, Metin
name: Yildirim, Isa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Low-dose CT imaging requires reconstruction from noisy indirect measurements which can be defined as an ill-posed linear inverse problem. In addition to conventional FBP method in CT imaging, recent compressed sensing based methods exploit handcrafted priors which are mostly simplistic and hard to determine. More recently, deep learning (DL) based methods have become popular in medical imaging field. In CT imaging, DL based methods try to learn a function that maps low-dose images to normal-dose images. Although the results of these methods are promising, their success mostly depends on the availability of high-quality massive datasets. In this study, we proposed a method that does not require any training data or a learning process. Our method exploits such an approach that deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) generate patterns easier than the noise, therefore randomly initialized generative neural networks can be suitable priors to be used in regularizing the reconstruction. In the experiments, the proposed method is implemented with different loss function variants. Both analytical CT phantoms and real-world CT images are used with different views. Conventional FBP method, a popular iterative method (SART), and TV regularized SART are used in the comparisons. We demonstrated that our method with different loss function variants outperforms the other methods both qualitatively and quantitatively.
title: Variational Models and Their Numerical Algorithms for Multi-modal Image Registration
Creators: name: Salih, Hawre
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2024

description: In this thesis, we focus on variational mathematical modelling of image registration using multi-modal images. Generally, image registration includes two images, where one of them is called reference image and is kept unchanged, and the other is called template image and needs to be transformed. If the images are acquired from the same device or scanner, then they are called mono-modal images; If the images are acquired from different devices, they are called multi-modal images. Variational image registration uses a combination of two main terms, which are the distance measure term and the regularisation term. The distance measure term is used to measure the distance between the given images. For multi-modal image registration finding a suitable distance measure is necessary. Adding the regularisation term can ensure that a suitable transformation is obtained. Hence, we focus on
proposing new distance measures for multi-modal image registration. Two most popular distance measures for multi-modal registration are Mutual Information and Normalised Gradient Fields (NGF). Despite the extensive
success of these methods, they cannot perform at their best for every pair of images. Hence, we propose two new distance measures. The first one is using Robinson masks to detect the edges in eight different directions
compared to the gradient operator in NGF that can only detect edges in two directions. This makes the new distance measure detect more information of the objects in the images and deal with noise in a better way. We also introduce another distance measure based on the Hessian matrix. This new distance measure can detect edges better than NGF for smooth images. We
show the numerical results to confirm that the proposed models can outperform the NGF model in terms of accuracy of registration. Mono-modal image registration involves less complicated distance measures and they often fail to register multi-modal images. The most commonly used distance measure is the sum of squared difference (SSD). SSD uses identity function and is easy to implement, however it fails to register multi-modal
images. We propose three different functions to replace the identity function in SSD. This will improve SSD to be used for multi-modal images.
Plasmons in spin polarized graphene: a new way to measure spin polarization
Creators: name: Agarwal, Amit
name: Vignale, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the collective charge excitations (plasmons) in spin polarized graphene, and derive explicit expressions for their dispersion in the undamped regime. From this, we are able to calculate the critical wave vector beyond which the plasmon enters the electron-hole continuum, its quality factor decreasing sharply. We find that the value of the critical wave vector is strongly spin polarization-dependent, in a way that has no analog in ordinary two-dimensional electron gases. The origin of this effect is in the coupling between the plasmon and the inter-band electron-hole pairs of the minority spin carriers. We show that the effect is robust with respect to the inclusion of disorder and we suggest that it can be exploited to experimentally determine the spin polarization of graphene.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; final PRB version
(2694) John Robinson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Self-Consistent Projection Operator Theory in Nonlinear Quantum Optical Systems: A case study on Degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillators
Creators: name: Degenfeld-Schonburg, Peter
name: Navarrete-Benlloch, Carlos
name: Hartmann, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear quantum optical systems are of paramount relevance for modern quantum technologies, as well as for the study of dissipative phase transitions. Their nonlinear nature makes their theoretical study very challenging and hence they have always served as great motivation to develop new techniques for the analysis of open quantum systems. In this article we apply the recently developed self-consistent projection operator theory to the degenerate optical parametric oscillator to exemplify its general applicability to quantum optical systems. We show that this theory provides an efficient method to calculate the full quantum state of each mode with high degree of accuracy, even at the critical point. It is equally successful in describing both the stationary limit and the dynamics, including regions of the parameter space where the numerical integration of the full problem is significantly less efficient. We further develop a Gaussian approach consistent with our theory, which yields sensibly better results than the previous Gaussian methods developed for this system, most notably standard linearization techniques.
description: Comments are welcome
Group Handover for Drone Base Stations
Creators: name: Aydin, Yucel
name: Kurt, Gunes Karabulut
name: Ozdemir, Enver
name: Yanikomeroglu, Halim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The widespread use of new technologies such as the Internet of things (IoT) and machine type communication(MTC) forces an increase on the number of user equipments(UEs) and MTC devices that are connecting to mobile networks. Inherently, as the number of UEs inside a base station's (BS) coverage area surges, the quality of service (QoS) tends to decline. The use of drone-mounted BS (UxNB) is a solution in places where UEs are densely populated, such as stadiums. UxNB emerges as a promising technology that can be used for capacity injection purposes in the future due to its fast deployment. However, this emerging technology introduces a new security issue. Mutual authentication, creating a communication channel between terrestrial BS and UxNB, and fast handover operations may cause security issues in the use of UxNB for capacity injection. This new protocol also suggests performing UE handover from terrestrial to UxNB as a group. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no authentication solution between BSs according to LTE and 5G standards. The proposed scheme provides a solution for the authentication of UxNB by the terrestrial BS. Additionally, a credential sharing phase for each UE in handover is not required in the proposed method. The absence of a credential sharing step saves resources by reducing the number of communications between BSs. Moreover, many UE handover operations are completed in concise time within the proposed group handover method.
description: Published in IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2021
(2696) Martin Robinson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A biologist’s guide to assessing ocean currents: a review
Creators: name: Hays, Graeme C.
name: Marsh, Robert
name: Lohmann, Kenneth J.
name: Fossette, Sabrina
name: Putman, Nathan F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We review how ocean currents are measured (in both Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks), how they are inferred from satellite observations, and how they are simulated in ocean general circulation models (OGCMs). We then consider the value of these ‘direct’ (in situ) and ‘indirect’ (inferred, simulated) approaches to biologists investigating current-induced drift of strong-swimming vertebrates as well as dispersion of small organisms in the open ocean. We subsequently describe 2 case studies. In the first, OGCM-simulated currents were compared with satellite-derived currents; analyses suggest that the 2 methods yield similar results, but that each has its own limitations and associated uncertainty. In the second analysis, numerical methods were tested using Lagrangian drifter buoys. Results indicated that currents simulated in OGCMs do not capture all details of buoy trajectories, but do successfully resolve most general aspects of current flows. We thus recommend that the errors and uncertainties in ocean current measurements, as well as limitations in spatial and temporal resolution of the surface current data, need to be considered in tracking studies that incorporate oceanographic data. Whenever possible, cross-validation of the different methods (e.g. indirect estimates versus buoy trajectories) should be undertaken before a decision is reached about which technique is best for a specific application.
(2697) Thomas Gill
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Differentiable Programming for Experiment Design
Creators: name: Vischia, Pietro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: (Presented on 07 September 2022 at XI ICNFP conference, Kolumpari, Crete) The full optimization of the design and operation of instruments whose functioning relies on the interaction of radiation with matter is a super-human task, given the large dimensionality of the space of possible choices for geometry, detection technology, materials, data-acquisition, and information-extraction techniques, and the interdependence of the related parameters. On the other hand, the construction of a fully differentiable pipeline and the use of deep learning techniques may allow the simultaneous optimization of all design parameters, overcoming issues coming from the underlying stochasticity of the involved processes. Such optimizations involve finding the minimum of a function describing a complex, multidimensional landscape. In this talk I will describe gradient-descent-based optimization (powered by automatic differentiation tools) of a multidimensional phase space, and the issues that can be encountered in optimizing these complex landscapes, offering some possible solutions.
Sources of endogenous oxidative stress in photosynthetic eukaryotes from How oxygen gave rise to eukaryotic sex.
Creators: name: Hörandl, Elvira
name: Speijer, Dave
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Discussion of ROS producing processes during photosynthesis
Addition of juvenile oysters fails to enhance oyster reef development in Pamlico Sound
Creators: name: Holmlund, Pelle
name: Simpson, Michael
name: Geraldi, Nathan R.
name: Fegley, Stephen R.
name: Peterson, Charles H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Oyster reefs are one of the most depleted and degraded marine habitats worldwide. To reverse the current oyster reef declines, governmental and private organizations have invested substantial resources into oyster restoration. Restoration primarily consists of deploying hard substrate. If oyster recruitment is thought to be limited, hatchery-raised juvenile oysters are set on the hard substrate. These costly setting efforts are carried out despite limited information on whether seed oysters accelerate reef development and, if so, how oyster size and time of deployment maximize oyster survival. North Carolina, USA, has established subtidal oyster sanctuaries in Pamlico Sound using marl mounds and hatchery-raised juvenile oysters set on recycled shell. We experimentally manipulated marl mounds at 3 sanctuaries differing abiotically and biotically during summer 2010 and varied recycled shell and seed presence, seed size, and shell and seed deployment date. Although oyster settlement varied spatially, natural recruitment swamped any measurable effect of seeding. Our findings, in combination with information from 3 additional sanctuaries seeded in 2006 and 2008, indicate that seeding does not enhance oyster reef restoration efforts in Pamlico Sound. Financial resources used for oyster seed would be better used to increase the amount of substrate for oyster settlement. Although our results may not apply to areas with less natural oyster recruitment, our study highlights the need to quantify basic ecological processes on appropriate spatiotemporal scales to optimize restoration actions. Analogous information should underlie restoration planning for other biogenic habitats like seagrass meadows and coral reefs.
(2695) Sarah Starley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.