cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CMB Shadows: The Effect of Interstellar Extinction on Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization and Temperature Anisotropy
Creators: name: Nashimoto, Masashi
name: Hattori, Makoto
name: Chinone, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the degradation of the accuracy of the component separation between the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and foreground components caused by neglect of absorption of the monopole component of the CMB by the galactic interstellar matter. The amplitude of the temperature anisotropy caused by the CMB shadow, due to dust components, is about 1 uK. This value is comparable to the required noise level necessary to probe non-Gaussianity studies with upcoming CMB experiments. In addition, the amplitude of the polarization caused by the CMB shadow due to dust is comparable to or larger than the RMS value of the CMB B-mode polarization, imprinted by primordial gravitational waves. We show that applying a single-power law model as the dust spectrum to observed multifrequency data introduces systematic errors, which are comparable to or larger than the required noise level for forthcoming CMB B-mode polarization experiments. Deducing the intrinsic spectrum of dust emission from the submillimeter waveband data reduces systematic error below the required noise level. However, this method requires dust temperature measurements with an accuracy of better than a few percent. We conclude that the CMB shadow due to dust must be considered in future CMB missions for achieving their targeted sensitivity. Our results will be important to detect the primordial CMB B-mode polarization, with the amplitude of the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r=10^{-3}.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
From Hi-C Contact Map to Three-dimensional Organization of Interphase Human Chromosomes
Creators: name: Shi, Guang
name: Thirumalai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The probability of two loci, separated by a certain genome length, being in contact can be inferred using the Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) method and related Hi-C experiments. How to go from the contact map, a matrix listing the mean contact probabilities between a large number of pairs of loci, to an ensemble of three-dimensional structures is an open problem. A solution to this problem, without assuming an assumed energy function, would be the first step in understanding the way nature has solved the packaging of chromosomes in tight cellular spaces. We created a theory, based on polymer physics characteristics of chromosomes and the maximum entropy principles, referred to as HIPPS (Hi-C-Polymer-Physics-Structures) method, that allows us to calculate the 3D structures solely from Hi-C contact maps. We created an ensemble of 3D structures for the 23 chromosomes from lymphoblastoid cells using the measured contact maps as inputs. The HIPPS method shows that conformations of chromosomes are heterogeneous even in a single cell type. The differences in the conformational heterogeneity of the same chromosome in different cell types (normal as well as cancerous cells) can also be quantitatively discerned using our theory. We validate the method by showing that the calculated volumes of the 23 chromosomes from the predicted 3D structures are in good agreement with experimental estimates. Because the method is general, the 3D structures for any species may be calculated directly from the contact map without the need to assume a specific polymer model, as is customarily done.
Target Detection aided by Quantum Temporal Correlations: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Validation
Creators: name: Liu, Han
name: Balaji, Bhashyam
name: Helmy, Amr S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of objects in the presence of significant background noise is a problem of fundamental interest in sensing. In this work, we theoretically analyze a prototype target detection protocol, the quantum temporal correlation (QTC) detection protocol, which is implemented in this work utilizing spontaneous parametric down-converted photon-pair sources. The QTC detection protocol only requires time-resolved photon-counting detection, which is phase-insensitive and therefore suitable for optical target detection. As a comparison to the QTC detection protocol, we also consider a classical phase-insensitive target detection protocol based on intensity detection that is practical in the optical regime. We formulated the target detection problem as a total probe photon transmission estimation problem and obtain an analytical expression of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We carry out experiments using a semiconductor waveguide source, which we developed and previously reported. The experimental results agree very well with the theoretical prediction. In particular, we find that in a high-level environment noise and loss, the QTC detection protocol can achieve performance comparable to that of the classical protocol (that is practical in the optical regime) but with \(\simeq 57\) times lower detection time in terms of ROC curve metric. The performance of the QTC detection protocol experiment setup could be further improved with a higher transmission of the reference photon and better detector time uncertainty. Furthermore, the probe photons in the QTC detection protocol are completely indistinguishable from the background noise and therefore useful for covert ranging applications. Finally, our technological platform is highly scalable as well as tunable and thus amenable to large scale integration, which is necessary for practical applications.
Additional file 1 of “I can’t do it”: A qualitative study exploring case and contact experiences with COVID-19 contact tracing
Creators: name: Shelby, Tyler
name: Arechiga, Cailin
name: Gupta, Amanda J.
name: Hennein, Rachel
name: Schenck, Christopher
name: Weeks, Brian
name: Bond, Maritza
name: Niccolai, Linda
name: Davis, J. Lucian
name: Grau, Lauretta E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Current factors of insurance in agriculture
Creators: name: Bokusheva, Raushan
name: Heidelbach, Olaf
name: Bokusheva, Raushan
name: Heidelbach, Olaf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Development
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Risiko
subject: Versicherung
subject: Versicherungsprodukte
subject: Landwirtschaft
subject: Risk
subject: Insurance
subject: Insurance schemes
subject: Agriculture
subject: слова: риск
subject: страхование
subject: страховые схемы
subject: сельское хозяйство.

description: This discussion paper is our response to numerous questions and the desire of our counterparts from the CIS countries to receive more up-to-date information about insurance in agriculture. Accordingly, we have tried to shed light on the main aspects of insurance as one tool of risk management in agriculture. Thus, our purpose is to give the reader information on principles and potential of insurance, its main problems and possible solutions. Additionally, this paper provides a comparative overview of the presently most widespread insurance schemes.
Growth of a genetically-modified Pichia pastoris and protein production in an industrial waste stream
Creators: name: Yuen, Vivian Hoi Nga
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study demonstrated the possibility of growing a genetically-modified Pichia pastoris (Geotrichum candidum recombinant Pichia strain, GS115 (his4), harboring plasmid YpDC420) and producing a recombinant protein in the distillation column bottom stream of Methanex Corporation, Kitimat, B.C. The Pichia pastoris strain was grown in an automatically controlled reactor, which originally contained 1.6 L of 10 g/L yeast extract and 20 g/L peptone, running in continuous mode at a temperature of 30°C, pH of 5.6, and dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.0 g/L. The Methanex wastewater, which had a methanol concentration of 2.5 g/L, was continuously fed into the reactor at dilution rates (D) of 0.011, 0.017, 0.026, 0.034 and 0.042 1/h. The reactor reached steady state after about 120 hours for D = 0.011, 0.017 and 0.026 1/h. However, the reactor did not reach steady state even at extended running time (>150 hours) for D = 0.034 and 0.042 1/h, which were at or greater than the critical dilution rate, i.e., 0.034 1/h. The cell yield from methanol, product yield from cell, maximum specific growth rate and saturation constant for methanol were 3.3 ± 0.067 g/g, 0.015 + 0.0023 g/g, 0.034 1/h and 4.5 mg/L, respectively. At the optimum dilution rate of 0.033 1/h, Q[sub X] and Q[sub P] were maximized with values of 0.26 g/L/h and 4.0 mg/L/h. Steady state methanol concentrations in the reactor were almost zero when dilution rates were well below the critical dilution rate. The corresponding cell and protein concentrations were about 8 g/L (dry cell weight) and 125 mg/L. As dilution rates approached the critical value, steady state methanol concentration increased while cell and protein concentrations decreased. At the critical dilution rate, cell washout occurred and both steady state cell and protein concentrations reduced to zero. The corresponding methanol concentration in the reactor became the same as the methanol concentration in the feed. The reactor system model under study could be represented by 4 ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and the following parameters: maximum specific growth rate for methanol = 0.034 1/h, saturation constant for methanol = 4.5 mg/L, cell yield from methanol = 3.3 g/g, product yield from cell = 0.015 g/g, maximum specific growth rate for yeast extract and peptone = 0.20 1/h, saturation constant for yeast extract and peptone = 200 mg/L, and cell yield from yeast extract and peptone = 0.20 g/g. The ODEs were solved numerically and the resultant model predictions compared favourably to the reactor behaviour.
10 years of transition in Ukraine agriculture: An analysis of productivity and efficiency of enterprises
Creators: name: Lissitsa, Alexej
name: Odening, Martin
name: Babycheva, Tamara
name: Lissitsa, Alexej
name: Odening, Martin
name: Babycheva, Tamara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: эффективность
subject: общая продуктивность фактора
subject: анализ оболочки данных
subject: Малмквист-индекс изменения общей продуктивности фактора
subject: переходный период
subject: Украина
subject: Effizienz
subject: Totale Faktor Produktivität
subject: Data Envelopment Analysis
subject: Malmquist Productivity Change Index
subject: Transition
subject: Ukraine
subject: Efficiency
subject: Total Factor Productivity

description: This paper analyzes efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) change of large agricultural enterprises during their transition to a market economy in Ukraine. In this case the efficiency is calculated by data envelopment analysis and the productivity change is measured by the Malmquist Productivity Change Index in the period between 1990 and 1999. On average, TFP declined by 6% annually, dropping a total 42%. The main reason for the observed TFP decline is a decrease in technical efficiency, which is found to be remarkably significant. At the same time there is a high variation among individual enterprises: their distribution of efficiency scores widens, which indicates that the farms diverge with respect to their economic performance. The Tobit regression analysis is conducted where the efficiency scores are related to factors such as farm type, farm size, initial conditions and legal form.
DO SOCIAL STEREOTYPES INTERFERE IN BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS?
Creators: name: MURILLO DE OLIVEIRA DIAS
name: Lopes, Raphael De Oliveira Albergarias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150308 International Business
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150314 Small Business Management
subject: 130203 Economics, Business and Management Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Does an oversimplified idea about a person interfere in the business negotiation process? In this article, we addressed that puzzling question through a t-test of N=300 Brazilian business negotiations, aiming to provide scholars with a new perspective on business negotiations. We conducted an experiment dividing ten negotiation training sessions into two groups: m1 and m2, with 150 negotiations each group, totaling 600 participants. An independent-samples T-Test was applied to the collected data. Key findings pointed out a statistical significance on the alternate hypothesis, meaning that stereotypes interfere in the business negotiation process. Finally, the implications of these findings for managerial practice are discussed.
Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Modeling of A Branched Polyetherimide
Creators: name: Wen, Chengyuan
name: Odle, Roy
name: Cheng, Shengfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A coarse-grained model is developed to allow large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a branched polyetherimide derived from two backbone monomers [4,4'-bisphenol A dianhydride (BPADA) and m-phenylenediamine (MPD)], a chain terminator [phthalic anhydride (PA)], and a branching agent [tris[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl] ethane (TAPE)]. An atomistic model is first built for the branched polyetherimide. A systematic protocol based on chemistry-informed grouping of atoms, derivation of bond and angle interactions by direct Boltzmann inversion, and parameterization of nonbonded interactions by potential of mean force (PMF) calculations via gas-phase MD simulations of atomic group pairs, is used to construct the coarse-grained model. A six-pair geometry, with one atomic group at the center and six replicates of the other atomic group placed surrounding the central group in a NaCl structure, has been demonstrated to significantly speed up the PMF calculations and partially capture the many-body aspect of the PMFs. Furthermore, we propose a correction term to the PMFs that can make the resulting coarse-grained model transferable temperature-wise, by enabling the model to capture the thermal expansion property of the polymer. The coarse-grained model has been applied to explore the mechanical, structural, and rheological properties of the branched polyetherimide.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, 4-page Supporting Information
Discovery vs. Precision in Nuclear Physics- A Tale of Three Scales
Creators: name: Miller, Gerald A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At least three length scales are important in gaining a complete understanding of the physics of nuclei. These are the radius of the nucleus, the average inter-nucleon separation distance, and the size of the nucleon. The connections between the different scales are examined by using examples that demonstrate the direct connection between short-distance and high momentum transfer physics and also that significant high momentum content of wave functions is inevitable. The nuclear size is connected via the independent-pair approximation to the nucleon-nucleon separation distance, and this distance is connected via the concept of virtuality to the EMC effect. An explanation of the latter is presented in terms of light-front holographic wave functions of QCD. The net result is that the three scales are closely related, so that a narrow focus on any given specific range of scales may prevent an understanding of the fundamental origins of nuclear properties. It is also determined that, under certain suitable conditions, experiments are able to measure the momentum dependence of wave functions.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
Low Bitrate High-Quality RVQGAN-based Discrete Speech Tokenizer
Creators: name: Shechtman, Slava
name: Dekel, Avihu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Discrete Audio codecs (or audio tokenizers) have recently regained interest due to the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn their compressed acoustic representations. Various publicly available trainable discrete tokenizers recently demonstrated impressive results for audio tokenization, yet they mostly require high token rates to gain high-quality reconstruction. In this study, we fine-tuned an open-source general audio RVQGAN model using diverse open-source speech data, considering various recording conditions and quality levels. The resulting wideband (24kHz) speech-only model achieves speech reconstruction, which is nearly indistinguishable from PCM (pulse-code modulation) with a rate of 150-300 tokens per second (1500-3000 bps). The evaluation used comprehensive English speech data encompassing different recording conditions, including studio settings. Speech samples are made publicly available in http://ibm.biz/IS24SpeechRVQ . The model is officially released in https://huggingface.co/ibm/DAC.speech.v1.0
description: You can download the model from https://huggingface.co/ibm/DAC.speech.v1.0
Superradiance from non-ideal initial states -- a quantum trajectory approach
Creators: name: Fuchs, Sebastian
name: Vukics, András
name: Buhmann, Stefan Yoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective emission behavior is usually described by the decay dynamics of the completely symmetric Dicke states. To study a more realistic scenario, we investigate alternative initial states inducing a more complex time evolution. Superposition states of the fully inverted Dicke state and the Dicke ground state with unequal mutual weights are studied as examples as well as superradiance stemming from atoms in clusters separated by more than one wavelength. The Monte Carlo wave function method serves as framework to study the dynamics of quantum states, which is determined by quantum jumps on the one hand and continuous evolution dynamics on the other hand. We compare this method with the classical picture of a system of rate equations written for the diagonal components of the density matrix.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Entrustable professional activities for Junior Brazilian Medical Students in community medicine
Creators: name: Francischetti, Ieda
name: Holzhausen, Ylva
name: Peters, Harm
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplementary Material 1
A method for translational rat ex vivo lung perfusion experimentation.
Creators: name: Ohsumi, Akihiro
name: Kanou, Takashi
name: Aadil Ali
name: Zehong Guan
name: Hwang, David M.
name: Waddell, Thomas K.
name: Juvet, Stephen
name: Mingyao Liu
name: Shaf Keshavjee
name: Cypel, Marcelo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60603 Animal Physiology - Systems
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplemental Table S1: Baseline characteristics. Animal weight and warm ischemic time (implantation time).
Guido de Werd und Moritz Woelk (Hrsg.); Arnt der Bilderschneider. Meister der beseelten Skulpturen
Creators: name: Albrecht, Uwe
Publisher: name: Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Year: 2024

description: Rezension zu: Guido de Werd und Moritz Woelk (Hrsg.); Arnt der Bilderschneider. Meister der beseelten Skulpturen (Ausst.-Kat. Museum Schnütgen, Köln); München: Hirmer 2020; 252 S.; 270 farb. u. zahlr. s/w-Abb.; ISBN 978-3-7774-3492-6
description: Journal für Kunstgeschichte, Bd. 24 Nr. 4 (2020): Journal für Kunstgeschichte
A Pendant for Polya: The One-Loop Partition Function of N=4 SYM on R x S^3
Creators: name: Spradlin, Marcus
name: Volovich, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study weakly coupled SU(N) N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory on R x S^3 at infinite N, which has interesting thermodynamics, including a Hagedorn transition, even at zero Yang-Mills coupling. We calculate the exact one-loop partition function below the Hagedorn temperature. Our calculation employs the representation of the one-loop dilatation operator as a spin chain Hamiltonian acting on neighboring sites and a generalization of Polya's counting of `necklaces' (gauge-invariant operators) to include necklaces with a `pendant' (an operator which acts on neighboring beads). We find that the one-loop correction to the Hagedorn temperature is delta ln T_H = + lambda/8 pi^2.
description: 39 pages, harvmac. v2: references and some clarifications added, v3: proof of (3.28) corrected
title: Welsh contacts with the papacy before the Edwardian conquest, c. 1283
Creators: name: Jones, Bryn
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: This thesis attempts to explain the papacy’s significance to Welsh polities and the Welsh Church prior to the Edwardian Conquest of Wales. Though there has been little sustained consideration of Wales and the papacy during this period, it has been thought that relations developed significantly after the eleventh century. The written work of Gerald of Wales, documents originating in the papal bureaucracy, Welsh chronicles, law codes, poetry, saints’ lives, charters and other administrative documents are used to test the veracity of this claim. The nature of the relationship between Welsh institutions and the papacy and changes in this relationship are also explored. Consideration is given as well to the influence of the papacy on Welsh society. It is hoped that the corpus of evidence identified might be used for further exploration of the history of Wales and the papacy.
Bayesian Auxiliary Variable Model for Birth Records Data with Qualitative and Quantitative Responses
Creators: name: Kang, Xiaoning
name: Ranganathan, Shyam
name: Kang, Lulu
name: Gohlke, Julia
name: Deng, Xinwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many applications involve data with qualitative and quantitative responses. When there is an association between the two responses, a joint model will provide improved results than modeling them separately. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian method to jointly model such data. The joint model links the qualitative and quantitative responses and can assess their dependency strength via a latent variable. The posterior distributions of parameters are obtained through an efficient MCMC sampling algorithm. The simulation shows that the proposed method can improve the prediction capacity for both responses. We apply the proposed joint model to the birth records data acquired by the Virginia Department of Health and study the mutual dependence between preterm birth of infants and their birth weights.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures. 3 tables
Topological phase transition and single/multi anyon dynamics of $Z_2$ spin liquid
Creators: name: Yan, Zheng
name: Wang, Yan-Cheng
name: Ma, Nvsen
name: Qi, Yang
name: Meng, Zi Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the quantum many-body models that host anyon excitation and topological orders, quantum dimer models (QDM) provide a unique playground for studying the relation between single-anyon and multi-anyon continuum spectra. However, as the prototypical correlated system with local constraints, the generic solution of QDM at different lattice geometry and parameter regimes is still missing due to the lack of controlled methodologies. Here we obtain, via the newly developed sweeping cluster quantum Monte Carlo algorithm, the excitation spectra in different phases of the triangular lattice QDM. Our results reveal the single vison excitations inside the $Z_2$ quantum spin liquid (QSL) and its condensation towards the $\sqrt{12}\times\sqrt{12}$ valence bond solid (VBS), and demonstrate the translational symmetry fractionalization and emergent O(4) symmetry at the QSL-VBS transition. We find the single vison excitations, whose convolution qualitatively reproduces the dimer spectra, are not free but subject to interaction effects throughout the transition. The nature of the VBS with its O(4) order parameters are unearthed in full scope. Our approach opens the avenue for generic solution of the static and dynamic properties of QDMs and has relevance towards the realization and detection of fractional excitations in programmable quantum simulators.
description: 4+6 pages,3+2 figures
Ejection-collision orbits in two degrees of freedom problems in celestial mechanics
Creators: name: Alvarez-Ramírez, Martha
name: Barrabés, Esther
name: Medina, Mario
name: Ollé, Merce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a general setting of a Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom and assuming some properties for the undergoing potential, we study the dynamics close and tending to a singularity of the system which in models of $N$-body problems corresponds to total collision. We restrict to potentials that exhibit two more singularities that can be regarded as two kind of partial collisions when not all the bodies are involved. Regularizing the singularities, the total collision transforms into a 2-dimensional invariant manifold. The goal of this paper is to prove the existence of different types of ejection-collision orbits, that is, orbits that start and end at total collision. Such orbits are regarded as heteroclinic connections between two equilibrium points and are mainly characterized by the partial collisions that the trajectories find on their way. The proof of their existence is based on the transversality of 2-dimensional invariant manifolds and on the behavior of the dynamics on the total collision manifold, both of them are thoroughly described.
Avoiding Improper Treatment of Persons with Dementia by Care Robots
Creators: name: Cooney, Martin
name: Pashami, Sepideh
name: Järpe, Eric
name: Ashfaq, Awais
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The phrase "most cruel and revolting crimes" has been used to describe some poor historical treatment of vulnerable impaired persons by precisely those who should have had the responsibility of protecting and helping them. We believe we might be poised to see history repeat itself, as increasingly human-like aware robots become capable of engaging in behavior which we would consider immoral in a human--either unknowingly or deliberately. In the current paper we focus in particular on exploring some potential dangers affecting persons with dementia (PWD), which could arise from insufficient software or external factors, and describe a proposed solution involving rich causal models and accountability measures: Specifically, the Consequences of Needs-driven Dementia-compromised Behaviour model (C-NDB) could be adapted to be used with conversation topic detection, causal networks and multi-criteria decision making, alongside reports, audits, and deterrents. Our aim is that the considerations raised could help inform the design of care robots intended to support well-being in PWD.
description: 4 pages. Published. (Submitted: Jan. 22, 2019; Accepted: Jan. 30, 2019; Camera-ready submitted: Feb. 6, 2019.)
20240112-ProCleanLakes-Map of existing solutions for remediation and protection of European Natural Lakes (ENL)-V01
Creators: name: Canga, Eriona
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Lake
subject: Lake pollution
subject: Nature-based Solutions
subject: Eutrophication
subject: Lake protection
subject: Lake restoration

description: Abstract

European natural lakes (ENL) are essential to biodiversity, ecosystem services, and community well-being, yet they face significant threats, including nutrient pollution, habitat degradation, invasive species, and climate change. This document presents a comprehensive analysis of existing solutions for the remediation and protection of ENL, with a primary focus on Nature-Based Solutions (NbS). Synthesizing 12 case-studies of ENL spread across Europe provides actionable insights into successful strategies for safeguarding these vital ecosystems.The deliverable aims to evaluate existing approaches to lake remediation and protection. This includes measures such as reducing nutrient loads, mitigating the impacts of invasive species, restoring riparian zones, and adapting to climate change. Another objective is highlighting case studies from twelve European lakes to identify strategies. By considering these approaches and lakes, the work identifies key trends and highlights best practices that can be applied to other lakes facing similar challenges.
Supplementary Material For: Endocrine regulation of egg rejection in a brood parasite host from Endocrine regulation of egg rejection in an avian brood parasite host
Creators: name: Mikus Abolins-Abols
name: Hauber, Mark E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Parasite–host coevolution can lead to novel behavioural adaptations in hosts to resist parasitism. In avian obligate brood parasite and host systems, many host species have evolved diverse cognitive and behavioural traits to recognize and reject parasitic eggs. Our understanding of the evolution and ecology of these defences hinges on identifying the mechanisms that regulate them. We hypothesized that corticosterone, a hormone linked to stress response, vigilance and the suppression of parental behaviour, stimulates the rejection of foreign eggs by brood parasite hosts. We experimentally reduced circulating glucocorticoid levels with mitotane injections in American robins Turdus migratorius and found that the mitotane-treated birds rejected foreign eggs at a lower frequency compared to the sham-treated subjects. This is the first study to causally identify a potential mechanism of a widespread defence behaviour, and it is consistent with egg rejection being mediated by stress physiology.
Magnetic and charge orders in the ground state of the Emery model -- accurate numerical results
Creators: name: Chiciak, Adam
name: Vitali, Ettore
name: Zhang, Shiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform extensive auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (AFQMC) calculations for the three-band Hubbard (Emery) model in order to study the ground-state properties of Copper-Oxygen planes in the cuprates. Employing cutting-edge AFQMC techniques with a self-consistent gauge constraint in auxiliary-field space to control the sign problem, we reach supercells containing around 500 atoms to capture collective modes in the charge and spin orders and characterize the behavior in the thermodynamic limit. The self-consistency scheme interfacing with generalized Hartree-Fock calculations allows high accuracy in AFQMC to resolve small energy scales, which is crucial for determining the complex candidate orders in such a system. We present detailed information on the charge order, spin order, momentum distribution, and localization properties as a function of charge-transfer energy for the the under-doped regime. In contrast with the stripe and spiral orders under hole-doping, we find that the corresponding 1/8 electron-doped system exhibits purely antiferromagnetic order in the three-band model, consistent with the asymmetry between electron and hole-doping in the phase diagram of cuprates.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures
Hollow fibre bioreactor delayed start-up, pH gradients and CHO cell product harvesting
Creators: name: Lee, Yi-Ta
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Hollow fibre bioreactors (HFBRs) are widely used for monoclonal antibody production. Compared to spinners inoculated in parallel, ultrafiltration HFBR start-up lags are often significantly longer and HFBRs have a higher frequency of failure. A number of potential causes of these problems were identified, including inhibitory residual byproducts of the HFBR manufacturing process and the loss of the inoculum by cells settling into hypoxic manifold regions of the extracapillary space (ECS). Besides these primary effects, a number of secondary phenomena were also identified, e.g., factors released by the death of settled cells can decrease viable cell growth rates. Increased thermal degradation of L-glutamine to ammonium during the prolonged startup further contributed to decreasing cell growth. A combination of these effects can explain the higher frequency of HFBR startup failures. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells producing tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) were cultured to tissue-like density in a HFBR. A sharp decline in the product concentration was observed after 20 days. Another t-PA producing CHO cell line was cultured in a HFBR and a similar decline in the harvest product concentration was observed when the ECS was filled with cells. The harvested product concentrations were significantly lower than the ECS concentration measured at the end of the run. Large amounts of t-PA were recovered from inside the HFBR cartridge at the end of the runs, using a cell lysis buffer and a lysine analog. These results demonstrate that mass transport can become hindered in a packed HFBR to such an extent that the ability to harvest protein product is severely compromised. A mathematical model of HFBR mass transport was developed to describe the effects of CO₂ and lactate production on the ECS cell culture environment, in particular the pH. This mathematical model, using a set of previously reported diffusion coefficients along with some generalized assumptions for the specific lactic acid production rate (sLPR) and carbon dioxide evolution rate (sCER), predicted intracapillary space (ICS) pH levels similar to experimentally measured values. The variables that had the greatest impact on the ECS pH gradients were sLPR, the thickness of the ECS annulus and the ICS inlet pH. This model can therefore be a useful tool in determining the operating conditions needed to maintain a favourable pH environment in the ECS of an HFBR.
Additional file 1 of Postnatal clubs for integrated postnatal care in Johannesburg, South Africa: a qualitative assessment of implementation
Creators: name: Makina-Zimalirana, Ndinda
name: Dunlop, Jackie
name: Jiyane, Anele
name: Bartels, Sophia Marie
name: Struthers, Helen
name: McIntyre, James
name: Rees, Kate
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Material for: Postnatal clubs for integrated postnatal care in Johannesburg, South Africa: a qualitative assessment of implementation. Interview Guide.
Gender and Inclusion A focus on Muslim Women in India
Creators: name: Centre for Development Policy and Practice
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This series of research papers emerges out of a discussion that we had with the late Prof Madhava Menon who tirelessly worked for diversity in the work force and against discrimination of all kinds. It was his inspiration that drove us towards the first volume on Gender and Inclusion. This one is the second in the series that we have planned at a biannual frequency, and focuses on Muslim women, a minority within a minority. With the emergence of an appeasement narrative has come up another on the relative deprivation of Muslim women. The agenda has been, in many ways, driven by the Prime Minister himself, with his push towards passing an Act on the Muslim divorceproceedings and in giving criminalising what is essentially a civil wrong.
Resonances in pulsatile channel flow with an elastic wall
Creators: name: Xu, Duo
name: Heil, Matthias
name: Seeböck, Thomas
name: Avila, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interactions between fluids and elastic solids are ubiquitous in application ranging from aeronautical and civil engineering to physiological flows. Here we study the pulsatile flow through a two-dimensional Starling resistor as a simple model for unsteady flow in elastic vessels. We numerically solve the equations governing the flow and the large-displacement elasticity and show that the system responds as a forced harmonic oscillator with non-conventional damping. We derive an analytical prediction for the amplitude of the oscillatory wall deformation, and thus the conditions under which resonances occur or vanish.
Flat band topology of magic angle graphene on a transition metal dichalcogenide
Creators: name: Wang, Tianle
name: Bultinck, Nick
name: Zaletel, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider twisted bilayer graphene on a transition metal dichalcogenide substrate, where proximity-induced spin-orbit coupling significantly alters the eight flat bands which occur near the magic angle. The resulting band structure features a pair of extremely flat bands across most of the mini-Brillouin zone. Further details depend sensitively on the symmetries of the heterostructure; we find semiconducting band structures when all two-fold rotations around in-plane axis are broken, and semi-metallic band structures otherwise. We calculate the Chern numbers of the different isolated bands, and identify the parameter regimes and filling factors where valley Chern insulators and topological insulators are realized. Interestingly, we find that for realistic values of the proximity-induced terms, it is possible to realize a topological insulator protected by time-reversal symmetry by doping two holes or two electrons per superlattice unit cell into the system.
Detailed statistical analyses of sperm data from Fine-scale genital morphology affects male ejaculation success: an experimental test
Creators: name: Meng-Han Joseph Chung
name: Fox, Rebecca J.
name: Jennions, Michael D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Results with the covariate and interaction effects
Self-Organizing the Abstract: Canvas as a Swarm Habitat for Collective Memory, Perception and Cooperative Distributed Creativity
Creators: name: Ramos, Vitorino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.11

description: Past experiences under the designation of "Swarm Paintings" conducted in 2001, not only confirmed the possibility of realizing an artificial art (thus non-human), as introduced into the process the questioning of creative migration, specifically from the computer monitors to the canvas via a robotic harm. In more recent self-organized based research we seek to develop and profound the initial ideas by using a swarm of autonomous robots (ARTsBOT project 2002-03), that "live" avoiding the purpose of being merely a simple perpetrator of order streams coming from an external computer, but instead, that actually co-evolve within the canvas space, acting (that is, laying ink) according to simple inner threshold stimulus response functions, reacting simultaneously to the chromatic stimulus present in the canvas environment done by the passage of their team-mates, as well as by the distributed feedback, affecting their future collective behaviour. In parallel, and in what respects to certain types of collective systems, we seek to confirm, in a physically embedded way, that the emergence of order (even as a concept) seems to be found at a lower level of complexity, based on simple and basic interchange of information, and on the local dynamic of parts, who, by self-organizing mechanisms tend to form an lived whole, innovative and adapting, allowing for emergent open-ended creative and distributed production. KEYWORDS: ArtSBots Project, Swarm Intelligence, Stigmergy, UnManned Art, Symbiotic Art, Swarm Paintings, Robot Paintings, Non-Human Art, Painting Emergence and Cooperation, Art and Complexity, ArtBots: The Robot Talent Show.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, Project at http://alfa.ist.utl.pt/~cvrm/staff/vramos/Artsbot.html. Publication at http://alfa.ist.utl.pt/~cvrm/staff/vramos/ref_37.html
Two dimensional electron gas driven by strong alternating electric field
Creators: name: Kashuba, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 2D Fermi liquid driven by uniform alternating electric field at zero temperature may remain in quantum coherent non-equilibrium state. We develop a quasistatic approximation for strong and slow ac-fields and solve the problem of driven disordered 2D electron gas in high non-overlapping Landau levels. The broadening of Landau level has the Lorentz form and is inversely proportional to the amplitude of the ac-field. In the absence of electron-phonon interaction the electron distribution function is constant within the last Landau level and the diagonal dc-conductivity is zero. For weak electron-phonon interaction the dc-conductivity is anisotropic. A kinetic transition from the phonon cooling to the phonon heating is predicted.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure REVTEX
Time- and energy-resolved effects in the boron-10 based Multi-Grid and helium-3 based thermal neutron detectors
Creators: name: Backis, A.
name: Khaplanov, A.
name: Jebali, R. Al
name: Ammer, R.
name: Apostolidis, I.
name: Birch, J.
name: Lai, C. -C.
name: Deen, P. P.
name: Etxegarai, M.
name: de Ruette, N.
name: Ramos, J. Freita
name: Förster, D. F.
name: Haettner, E.
name: Hall-Wilton, R.
name: Hamilton, D.
name: Höglund, C.
name: Kadletz, P. M.
name: Kanaki, K.
name: Karnickis, E.
name: Kirstein, O.
name: Kolya, S.
name: Kraujalyte, Z.
name: Laloni, A.
name: Livingston, K.
name: Löhman, O.
name: Maulerova, V.
name: Mauritzon, N.
name: Müller, F.
name: Higuera, I. Lopez
name: Richter, T.
name: Robinson, L.
name: Roth, R.
name: Shetty, M.
name: Taylor, J.
name: Woracek, R.
name: Xiong, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The boron-10 based Multi-Grid detector is being developed as an alternative to helium-3 based neutron detectors. At the European Spallation Source, the detector will be used for time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy at cold to thermal neutron energies. The objective of this work is to investigate fine time- and energy-resolved effects of the Multi-Grid detector, down to a few $μ$eV, while comparing it to the performance of a typical helium-3 tube. Furthermore, it is to characterize differences between the detector technologies in terms of internal scattering, as well as the time reconstruction of ~ $μ$s short neutron pulses. The data were taken at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, where the Multi-Grid detector and a helium-3 tube were installed at the ESS test beamline, V20. Using a Fermi-chopper, the neutron beam of the reactor was chopped into a few tens of $μ$s wide pulses before reaching the detector, located a few tens of cm downstream. The data of the measurements show an agreement between the derived and calculated neutron detection efficiency curve. The data also provide fine details on the effect of internal scattering, and how it can be reduced. For the first time, the chopper resolution was comparable to the timing resolution of the Multi-Grid detector. This allowed a detailed study of time- and energy resolved effects, as well as a comparison with a typical helium-3 tube.
description: 37 pages, 21 figures
Channel Hardening in Massive MIMO: Model Parameters and Experimental Assessment
Creators: name: Gunnarsson, Sara
name: Flordelis, José
name: Van der Perre, Liesbet
name: Tufvesson, Fredrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reliability is becoming increasingly important for many applications envisioned for future wireless systems. A technology that could improve reliability in these systems is massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output). One reason for this is a phenomenon called channel hardening, which means that as the number of antennas in the system increases, the variations of channel gain decrease in both the time- and frequency domain. Our analysis of channel hardening is based on a joint comparison of theory, measurements and simulations. Data from measurement campaigns including both indoor and outdoor scenarios, as well as cylindrical and planar base station arrays, are analyzed. The simulation analysis includes a comparison with the COST 2100 channel model with its massive MIMO extension. The conclusion is that the COST 2100 model is well suited to represent real scenarios, and provides a reasonable match to actual measurements up to the uncertainty of antenna patterns and user interaction. Also, the channel hardening effect in practical massive MIMO channels is less pronounced than in complex independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian channels, which are often considered in theoretical work.
description: Accepted to IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
Additional file 2 of Immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose fractionation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Yang, Bingyi
name: Huang, Xiaotong
name: Gao, Huizhi
name: Leung, Nancy H.
name: Tsang, Tim K.
name: Cowling, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) list.