cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Symbiont interactions with non-native hosts limit the formation of new symbioses
Creators: name: Niepoth, Natalie
name: Ellers, Jacintha
name: Henry, Lee M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mutation (Biology)
subject: Symbiosis
subject: Evolution (Biology)
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background
                Facultative symbionts are common in eukaryotes and can provide their hosts with significant fitness benefits. Despite the advantage of carrying these microbes, they are typically only found in a fraction of the individuals within a population and are often non-randomly distributed among host populations. It is currently unclear why facultative symbionts are only found in certain host individuals and populations. Here we provide evidence for a mechanism to help explain this phenomenon: that when symbionts interact with non-native host genotypes it can limit the horizontal transfer of symbionts to particular host lineages and populations of related hosts.

                Results
                Using reciprocal transfections of the facultative symbiont Hamiltonella defensa into different pea aphid clones, we demonstrate that particular symbiont strains can cause high host mortality and inhibit offspring production when injected into aphid clones other than their native host lineage. However, once established, the symbiont’s ability to protect against parasitoids was not influenced by its origin. We then demonstrate that H. defensa is also more likely to establish a symbiotic relationship with aphid clones from a plant-adapted population (biotype) that typically carry H. defensa in nature, compared to clones from a biotype that does not normally carry this symbiont.

                Conclusions
                These results provide evidence that certain aphid lineages and populations of related hosts are predisposed to establishing a symbiotic relationship with H. defensa. Our results demonstrate that host-symbiont genotype interactions represent a potential barrier to horizontal transmission that can limit the spread of symbionts, and adaptive traits they carry, to certain host lineages.
Exclusive semileptonic baryonic b decays from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Meinel, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: In the first part of the talk, I will give an overview of lattice studies of heavy-baryon weak decays, focusing on the phenomenological implications. In the second part of the talk, I will show preliminary results of a first lattice QCD determination of $\Lambda_b$ to negative-parity $\Lambda_c^*$ form factors.
Functional roles of ubiquitin ligase gp78 in endoplasmic reticulum domains
Creators: name: St-Pierre, Pascal
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The ubiquitin ligase gp78, involved in ER-associated degradation, has been extensively studied using the 3F3A monoclonal antibody, and correlates with increased metastasis incidence in cancer patients (review in Chiu et al. 2008) The 3F3A-labeled ER characterized as an ER domain in close association with mitochondria distinct of the reticulon-labeled ER tubules, the juxtanuclear and the perinuclear ER. Overexpression of gp78 saw 3F3A expansion to the peripheral ER, but remained in association with mitochondria. This association is calcium-sensitive as elevation in cytosolic calcium levels disrupted contact with mitochondria. Similarly, induction of calcium released from the ER through thapsigargin or ATP stimulation of purinegic receptors promoted dissociation of 3F3A labeled ER and mitochondria. Upon ER-mitochondria dissociation, the IP3R-labeled ER dissociated in a distinct domain from the 3F3A-labeled ER, indicating that regulation of the ER-mitochondria association by free cytosolic calcium is a characteristic of smooth ER domains and that multiple mechanisms regulate the interactions between these organelles. Upon overexpression of gp78, the 3F3A labeled peripheral ER was identified as the site of gp78-mediated ubiquitylation. Gp78 polyubiquitylated substrates where stabilized through Cue domain interaction in the peripheral ER. Derlin-1 and derlin-2, involved in retrotranslocation of ERAD substrates, localized to a juxtanuclear ER domain, where ubiquitylated proteins accumulate upon proteasome inhibition. This segregation was shown in a non-overexpressing system using HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells expressing elevated levels of endogenous gp78. This shows the special segraqgation of ERAD by gp78-mediatedubiquitin ligase activity in the peripheral ER. This may function in ER quality control and regulate the expression of smooth ER-associated substrates in response to physiological change. Finally, we found that stimulation of gp78 at the cell surface by its ligand AMF disrupts ER-mitochondria interaction, calcium coupling and decreases gp78 ubiquitin ligase activity. Disruption of the ubiquitin ligase activity via mutation of gp78 RING domain or expression of ubiquitin mutant unable to form elongated polyubiquitin chains disrupts ER-mitochondria coupling. The increased fragmentation and reduced mobility of mitochondria upon gp78 overexpression were dependant on ubiquitin ligase activity and prevented by AMF treatment. These results describe a novel mechanism regulating mitochondrial dynamics via the ER ubiquitin ligase gp78.
Additional file 3 of Identification of anti-inflammatory compounds from Zhongjing formulae by knowledge mining and high-content screening in a zebrafish model of inflammatory bowel diseases
Creators: name: Yu, Yunru
name: Chen, Jing
name: Zhang, Xiaohui
name: Wang, Yingchao
name: Wang, Shufang
name: Zhao, Lu
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S2. Base peak chromatogram of all fraction hits obtained by UPLC-Q-TOF in negative (NEG) or positive(POS) ion modes.
КОМПЛЕКС ПРОГРАММ АНАЛИЗА РЕСУРСООБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТИ В ОПЕРАТИВНОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ ПРОЕКТАМИ
Creators: name: Ляхов  Олег Алексеевич
Publisher: name: Труды Международной Азиатской школы-семинара «Проблемы оптимизации сложных систем»
Year: 2023
Subjects: сетевое планирование
оперативное управление проектами
ресурсы

description: В оперативном управлении проектами (ОУП) возникают отклонения от графика, требующие корректировки плана выполнения оставшейся части проекта. Предлагаемый комплекс программ предназначен для расчета отклонений потребностей в ресурсах от их наличия и их перераспределения по временным интервалам для уменьшения дефицита ресурсов. Использованы линейные модели для решения ресурсных задач календарного планирования проектов. Программный комплекс может быть интегрирован в любой пакет программ сетевого планирования проектов. Выходная информация содержит данные о потребностях в ресурсах и их перераспределении по интервалам планового периода, снижении несбалансированности расписания и другую аналитическую информацию. Изложение иллюстрировано примером расчета оценки потребностей с перераспределением нескладируемых ресурсов в ОУП.
Generalized five-dimensional Kepler system, Yang-Coulomb monopole and Hurwitz transformation
Creators: name: Marquette, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 5D Kepler system possesses many interesting properties. This system is superintegrable and also with a $su(2)$ nonAbelian monopole interaction (Yang-Coulomb monopole). This system is also related to a 8D isotropic harmonic oscillator by a Hurwitz transformation. We introduce a new superintegrable Hamiltonian that consists in a 5D Kepler system with new terms of Smorodinsky-Winternitz type. We obtain the integrals of motion of this systems. They generate a quadratic algebra with structure constants involving the Casimir operator of a $so(4)$ Lie algebra. We also show that this system remains superintegrable with a $su(2)$ nonAbelian monopole (generalized Yang-Coulomb monopole). We study this system using parabolic coordinates and obtain from Hurwitz transformation its dual that is a 8D singular oscillator. This 8D singular oscillator is also a new superintegrable system and multiseparable. We obtained its quadratic algebra that involves two Casimir operators of $so(4)$ Lie algebras. This correspondence is used to obtain algebraically the energy spectrum of the generalized Yang Coulomb monopole.
description: 18 pages, misprints corrected, published version
КОРРЕКЦИЯ НЕОДНОРОДНОСТИ ЯРКОСТЕЙ МАГНИТНО-РЕЗОНАНСНЫХ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ
Creators: name: Танкибаева Акерке  Кыдырбековна
name: Кумаргажанова  Сауле  Кумаргажановна
name: Казанцев  Иван  Гаврилович
name: Азаматов  Багдат  Нурланович
Publisher: name: Труды Международной Азиатской школы-семинара «Проблемы оптимизации сложных систем»
Year: 2023
Subjects: магнитно-резонансная томография
коррекция неоднородности яркости
поле смещения
фильтрация изображений

description: В статье рассматривается проблема коррекции неравномерности интенсивности на магнитно-резонансных изображениях. Эта проблема связана с особенностями оборудования для визуализации, может быть вызвана нестабильностью регистрации поля магнитными катушками и другими техническими причинами. Поле смещения затрудняет применение цифровых методов распознавания объектов на изображениях и постановку правильного диагноза. В работе предложено применять высокочастотную фильтрацию (ро-фильтр, или ramp filter) для снятия искажающей низкочастотной систематической компоненты. Результаты иллюстрируются модельным примером и реальной обработкой биомедицинских МРТ-снимков
Orientational correlations in confined DNA
Creators: name: Werner, E.
name: Persson, F.
name: Westerlund, F.
name: Tegenfeldt, J. O.
name: Mehlig, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how the orientational correlations of DNA confined to nanochannels depend on the channel diameter D by means of Monte Carlo simulations and a mean-field theory. This theory describes DNA conformations in the experimentally relevant regime where the Flory-de Gennes theory does not apply. We show how local correlations determine the dependence of the end-to-end distance of the DNA molecule upon D. Tapered nanochannels provide the necessary resolution in D to study experimentally how the extension of confined DNA molecules depends upon D. Our experimental and theoretical results are in qualitative agreement.
description: Revised version including supplemental material, 7 pages, 8 figures
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДОВ АНАЛИЗА И ОБРАБОТКИ ДАННЫХ НА ОСНОВЕ IOT ДЛЯ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДСТАНЦИИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН
Creators: name: Калимолдаев Максат  Нурадилович
name: Шермантаева Жазира  Утегеновна
name: Зиятбекова Гулзат  Зиятбеккызы
Publisher: name: Труды Международной Азиатской школы-семинара «Проблемы оптимизации сложных систем»
Year: 2023
Subjects: интернет вещей (IoT)
удаленный мониторинг
системы реального времени
интеллектуальные сети
контроллер управления.

description: В данной статье разработана система мониторинга на основе IoT для электрической подстанции в Республике Казахстан. В данное время работа энергосистем чрезвычайно важна по времени, для большинства приложений управления и мониторинга необходимо учитывать связь с низкой частотой. Для приложений мониторинга и управления энергетическими системами в реальном времени интернет вещей рассматривается как основная функция. Для принятия более эффективных решений с точки зрения как по техническим, так и по финансовым вопросам, система мониторинга является основной формой для записи информации электрической подстанции, а также своевременного принятия эффективных решении для системных операторов. Система включает в себя функции платформу интернета вещей с учетом потребностей высокоскоростных приложений реального времени при использовании единого источника времени с высоким разрешением в качестве эталона как для стационарных, так и для переходных условий.
О МЕТОДЕ ЛОКАЛЬНОГО ПОИСКА В ЗАДАЧЕ С РАВНОВЕСНО-ИЕРАРХИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ
Creators: name: Орлов Андрей  Васильевич
Publisher: name: Труды Международной Азиатской школы-семинара «Проблемы оптимизации сложных систем»
Year: 2023
Subjects: двухуровневая оптимизация
двухуровневые задачи с равновесием на нижнем уровне
биматричная игра
задача с d.c. ограничениями
метод локального поиска

description: В работе исследуется вопрос построения специального метода локального поиска для одного из классов задач двухуровневой оптимизации с равновесием на нижнем уровне. А именно, мы изучаем двухуровневые задачи с выпуклой квадратичной целевой функцией при линейных ограничениях на верхнем уровне и с параметрической ненормированной биматричной игрой на нижнем уровне, где необходимо найти равновесие Нэша. Прежде всего, производится редукция указанной задачи к невыпуклой задаче оптимизации с d.c. (от англ. "difference of convex") ограничениями (заданными функциями, представимыми в виде разности двух выпуклых функций). Далее, для работы с редуцированной задачей используются оригинальная теория глобального поиска (ТГП), созданная А. С. Стрекаловским, а также теория точного штрафа У. Зангвилла и И. И. Еремина. Для получившейся задачи, где невыпуклости присутствуют только в целевой функции, разрабатывается специальный метод локального поиска, принимающий во внимание ее d.c. структуру. Этот метод основан на идее линеаризации целевой функции задачи по базовой невыпуклости с привлечением современных достижений теории точного штрафа.
L^2-Betti numbers of hypersurface complements
Creators: name: Maxim, Laurentiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In \cite{DJL07} it was shown that if $\scra$ is an affine hyperplane arrangement in $\C^n$, then at most one of the $L^2$--Betti numbers $b_i^{(2)}(\C^n\sm \scra,\id)$ is non--zero. In this note we prove an analogous statement for complements of complex affine hyperurfaces in general position at infinity. Furthermore, we recast and extend to this higher-dimensional setting results of \cite{FLM,LM06} about $L^2$--Betti numbers of plane curve complements.
description: 10 pages; comments are very welcome; v2: minor clarifications added in the text
First-principles derivation of the AdS/CFT Y-systems
Creators: name: Benichou, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a first-principles, perturbative derivation of the AdS5/CFT4 Y-system that has been proposed to solve the spectrum problem of N=4 SYM. The proof relies on the computation of quantum effects in the fusion of some loop operators, namely the transfer matrices. More precisely we show that the leading quantum corrections in the fusion of transfer matrices induce the correct shifts of the spectral parameter in the T-system. As intermediate steps we study UV divergences in line operators up to first order and compute the fusion of line operators up to second order for the pure spinor string in AdS5xS5. We also argue that the derivation can be easily extended to other integrable models, some of which describe string theory on AdS4, AdS3 and AdS2 spacetimes.
description: 45 pages, 5 figures; v2: minor additions, JHEP version
Microfinance for women at high risk for HIV in Kazakhstan: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: McCrimmon, Tara
name: Witte, Susan S.
name: Mergenova, Gaukhar
name: Terlikbayeva, Assel
name: Primbetova, Sholpan
name: Kuskulov, Azamat
name: Bellamy, Scarlett L.
name: El-Bassel, Nabila
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Microfinance
HIV infections—Prevention
Women
Women--Drug use

description: Background
                Among women at high risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STIs), gender and economic issues limit the impact of behavioral prevention strategies. Women in Kazakhstan with dual risks of sex trading and drug use face elevated risk for HIV and STIs and may benefit from an economic empowerment intervention which combines HIV-risk reduction (HIVRR) education with financial skills-building and asset-building to promote reduced reliance on sex trading for income.

                Methods/design
                The study employs a two-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial (c-RCT) design. We will use cluster randomization to assign 350 women in approximately 50 cohorts to a traditional four-session HIV-risk-reduction intervention combined with a six-session financial literacy intervention, enrollment in a 24-session vocational training program and receipt of matched savings (HIVRR+MF); or to the four-session HIV-risk-reduction intervention alone (HIVRR). Repeated behavioral and biological assessments will be conducted at baseline, then at 6, 9, and 15 months post randomization/session 1.

                Discussion
                This study responds to an identified need in the academic literature for rigorous testing of structural interventions, including combination microfinance and HIV-prevention interventions.

                Trial registration
                ClinicalTrials.gov, ID:
                    NCT02406482

                  . Registered on 30 March 2015.
title: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Aktuelle Beiträge
title: Aktuelle Beiträge
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Berichte über Landwirtschaft-Zeitschrift Für Agrarpolitik Und Landwirtschaft
Publisher: name: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2025

description: Regionale Erzeugung landwirtschaftlicher Nischenkulturen in Süddeutschland: Status Quo und Entwicklungspotenzial
СРAВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ AНAЛИЗ AНAЛИТИЧЕСКОГО И ВAРИAЦИОННОГО МЕТОДОВ РAСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ТЕМПЕРAТУРЫ ПО ДЛИНЕ СТЕРЖНЯ ПЕРЕМЕННОГО СЕЧЕНИЯ
Creators: name: Кудaйкулов Анарбай  Кудайкулович
name: Тaшев Азат  Арипович
name: Aршидиновa Мукаддас  Тургановна
name: Aйтбaевa Рахатай  Бекбергеновна
Publisher: name: Труды Международной Азиатской школы-семинара «Проблемы оптимизации сложных систем»
Year: 2023
Subjects: интенсивность теплового потокa
коэффициент теплопроводности
темперaтурa
коэффициент теплоотдaчи.

description: Несущие элементы рядa стрaтегического оборудовaния имеют огрaниченную длину и переменное сечение. Большинство из них подвергaется воздействию определенных видов источников теплa. Для обеспечения нaдежной рaботы тaкого оборудовaния необходимо знaть темперaтурное поле по длине стержня переменного сечения. В дaнной рaботе предложены вычислительный aлгоритм и метод определения темперaтурного поля по длине стержня с огрaниченной длиной и переменным сечением. Они основaны нa фундaментaльных зaконaх сохрaнения энергии. Существующие методы исследовaния термомехaнического состояния стержня переменного сечения учитывaют влияние нa рaспределение темперaтуры телa отдельных внешних фaкторов – либо теплоизоляции, либо теплообменa с внешней средой, либо теплового потокa и темперaтуры. Поэтому aктуaльной является зaдaчa рaзрaботки мaтемaтической модели термомехaнического состояния стержня переменного сечения, которaя учитывaлa бы одновременное влияние локaльной темперaтуры, теплоизоляции и теплообменa с внешней средой.
Detecting Chiral Edge States in the Hofstadter Optical Lattice
Creators: name: Goldman, Nathan
name: Beugnon, Jerome
name: Gerbier, Fabrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a realistic scheme to detect topological edge states in an optical lattice subjected to a synthetic magnetic field, based on a generalization of Bragg spectroscopy sensitive to angular momentum. We demonstrate that using a well-designed laser probe, the Bragg spectra provide an unambiguous signature of the topological edge states that establishes their chiral nature. This signature is present for a variety of boundaries, from a hard wall to a smooth harmonic potential added on top of the optical lattice. Experimentally, the Bragg signal should be very weak. To make it detectable, we introduce a "shelving method", based on Raman transitions, which transfers angular momentum and changes the internal atomic state simultaneously. This scheme allows to detect the weak signal from the selected edge states on a dark background, and drastically improves the detectivity. It also leads to the possibility to directly visualize the topological edge states, using in situ imaging, offering a unique and instructive view on topological insulating phases.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary material (Appendices A-D). Revised version, accepted in the Physical Review Letters
Rethinking the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome—a reanalysis and evaluation of findings from a recent major trial of graded exercise and CBT
Creators: name: Wilshire, Carolyn E.
name: Kindlon, Tom
name: Courtney, Robert
name: Matthees, Alem
name: Tuller, David
name: Geraghty, Keith
name: Levin, Bruce
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Chronic fatigue syndrome--Treatment
Myalgic encephalomyelitis
Cognitive therapy
Exercise therapy

description: Background
                The PACE trial was a well-powered randomised trial designed to examine the efficacy of graded exercise therapy (GET) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for chronic fatigue syndrome. Reports concluded that both treatments were moderately effective, each leading to recovery in over a fifth of patients. However, the reported analyses did not consistently follow the procedures set out in the published protocol, and it is unclear whether the conclusions are fully justified by the evidence.

                Methods
                Here, we present results based on the original protocol-specified procedures. Data from a recent Freedom of Information request enabled us to closely approximate these procedures. We also evaluate the conclusions from the trial as a whole.

                Results
                On the original protocol-specified primary outcome measure - overall improvement rates - there was a significant effect of treatment group. However, the groups receiving CBT or GET did not significantly outperform the Control group after correcting for the number of comparisons specified in the trial protocol. Also, rates of recovery were consistently low and not significantly different across treatment groups. Finally, on secondary measures, significant effects were almost entirely confined to self-report measures. These effects did not endure beyond two years.

                Conclusions
                These findings raise serious concerns about the robustness of the claims made about the efficacy of CBT and GET. The modest treatment effects obtained on self-report measures in the PACE trial do not exceed what could be reasonably accounted for by participant reporting biases.
Additional file 1 of Whole-genome resequencing provides insights into the population structure and domestication signatures of ducks in eastern China
Creators: name: Feng, Peishi
name: Zeng, Tao
name: Yang, Hua
name: Chen, Guohong
name: Du, Jinping
name: Chen, Li
name: Shen, Junda
name: Tao, Zhenrong
name: Wang, Ping
name: Yang, Lin
name: Lu, Lizhi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The number of unique and shared SNPs among six duck groups shown by a venn diagram. Figure S2. Principal component analysis (PCA). Figure S3. Demographic history of ducks. Figure S4. Distribution of KEGG pathway of domestic ducks is shown as a bar chart. Figure S5. Gene ontology (GO) classification for positively selected genes in domestication. Figure S6. The number of differential expression genes in muscle, liver and cerebellum. Figure S7. Function classifications of Gene Ontology terms of differential expression genes in muscle. Figure S8. Function classifications of Gene Ontology terms of differential expression genes in liver. Figure S9. Function classifications of Gene Ontology terms of differential expression genes in cerebellum. Figure S10. Venn diagram of selected genes (blue) and significantly expressed genes in muscle (yellow), liver (red) and cerebellum (green) of Shaoxing ducks. Table S1. Breeds included in the study and phenotypic description. Table S2. Statistics of genomic sequencing of six duck populations. Table S3. Summary of mapping and coverage of six duck populations. Table S4. Summary of SNPs of six duck populations included in the analyses. Table S5. Summary of the functional annotation statistics of SNP in ducks by ANNOVAR. Table S6. θπ and θW for six duck populations. Table S7. Summary statistics for genomic nucleotide diversity in different species. Table S8. List of CDRs with top 5% highest FST values and log2 (θπ ratio) in domestic ducks. Table S9. The KEGG pathway of the loci under selections in domestic ducks (Top 20). Table S10. The GO classification of the loci under selections in domestic ducks. Table S11. Summarize of sequence mapping of three tissues in Shaoxing ducks and mallards. Table S12. Pathway of KEGG differentially expressed gene in muscle of Shaoxing ducks. Table S13. The down-regulated genes in muscle of Shaoxing ducks (top 20). Table S14. The up-regulated genes in muscle of Shaoxing ducks (top 20). Table S15. The down-regulated genes in liver of Shaoxing ducks (top 20). Table S16. The up-regulated genes in liver of Shaoxing ducks (top 20). Table S17. The down-regulated genes in liver of Shaoxing ducks. Table S18. The up-regulated genes in liver of Shaoxing ducks.
Celiac disease and risk of myasthenia gravis – nationwide population-based study
Creators: name: Thawani, Sujata P.
name: Brannagan, Thomas H.
name: Lebwohl, Benjamin
name: Green, Peter H. R.
name: Ludvigsson, Jonas F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Neurology
Myasthenia gravis
Celiac disease
Autoimmune diseases

description: Background
                Case reports suggest there may be an association between celiac disease (CD) and myasthenia gravis (MG).

                Methods
                We identified 29,086 individuals with CD in Sweden from 1969 to 2008. We compared these individuals with 144,480 matched controls. Hazard ratios (HRs) for future MG (identified through ICD codes) were estimated using Cox regression.

                Results
                During 326,376 person-years of follow-up in CD patients, there were 7 MG cases (21/million person-years) compared to 22 MG cases in controls during 1,642,273 years of follow-up (14/million person-years) corresponding to a HR of 1.48 (95% CI = 0.64–3.41). HRs did not differ when stratifying for age, sex or calendar period. HRs were highest in the first year after follow-up, though insignificant. Individuals with CD were at no increased risk of MG more than 5 years after CD diagnosis (HR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.16–3.09).

                Conclusion
                This study found no increased risk of MG in patients with CD.
СРАВНЕНИЕ МЕТОДОВ АУТЕНТИФИКАЦИИ НА ВЕБ-РЕСУРСАХ
Creators: name: Баракова Алия  Шаризатовна
name: Усатова Ольга  Александровна
Publisher: name: Труды Международной Азиатской школы-семинара «Проблемы оптимизации сложных систем»
Year: 2023
Subjects: веб-ресурсы
криптография
аутентификация
патенты
биометрия
динамические пароли
пароли доступа
токен

description: В наши дни веб‐ресурсы хранят и обрабатывают много ценной информации. Конфиденциальные данные и личные страницы должны быть защищены в соответствии с бизнес-процессами. Чтобы реализовать это требование и ограничить количество людей, имеющих доступ к ресурсам с ограниченным доступом, вам необходимо настроить надлежащую аутентификацию на веб-сайте. К сожалению, аутентификация часто реализуется неправильно, что приводит к утечке информации. Часто веб-сайты защищены только паролем и используют другие простые методы. В статье рассматриваются различные вари-анты сравнения методы аутентификации, использующие как простые, так и продвинутые подходы, включая криптографию и биометрию. Более того, авторы приводят сравнительный анализ различных параметров подхода. Анализируются удобство использования, производительность, безопасность и другие особенности методов. Найдены наиболее удобные в использовании, простые в реализации и наиболее безопасные методы. Делается вывод о наиболее подходящих областях применения каждого метода на ресурсе World Wide Web. Возможные комбинации подходов и тенденция их дальнейшего внедрения также обсуждаются. Для проверки выводов проведен анализ отечественных и зарубежных литературных источников, научных статей и публикаций по нашей теме. Этот путь должен основываться на совершенствовании и унификации существующих подходов и разработке новых оригинальных алгоритмов. В результате делается вывод о том, что дальнейшие улучшения в тенденциях происходят в области гибридных систем.
Block-Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement Algorithms for Vlasov Simulation
Creators: name: Hittinger, J. A. F.
name: Banks, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct discretization of continuum kinetic equations, like the Vlasov equation, are under-utilized because the distribution function generally exists in a high-dimensional (>3D) space and computational cost increases geometrically with dimension. We propose to use high-order finite-volume techniques with block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) to reduce the computational cost. The primary complication comes from a solution state comprised of variables of different dimensions. We develop the algorithms required to extend standard single-dimension block structured AMR to the multi-dimension case. Specifically, algorithms for reduction and injection operations that transfer data between mesh hierarchies of different dimensions are explained in detail. In addition, modifications to the basic AMR algorithm that enable the use of high-order spatial and temporal discretizations are discussed. Preliminary results for a standard 1D+1V Vlasov-Poisson test problem are presented. Results indicate that there is potential for significant savings for some classes of Vlasov problems.
Analysis of the doubly heavy baryons in the nuclear matter with the QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we study the doubly heavy baryon states $Ξ_{cc}$, $Ω_{cc}$, $Ξ_{bb}$ and $Ω_{bb}$ in the nuclear matter using the QCD sum rules, and derive three coupled QCD sum rules for the masses, vector self-energies and pole residues. The predictions for the mass-shifts in the nuclear matter $ΔM_{Ξ_{cc}}=-1.11\,\rm{GeV}$, $ΔM_{Ω_{cc}}=-0.33\,\rm{GeV}$, $ΔM_{Ξ_{bb}}=-3.37\,\rm{GeV}$ and $ΔM_{Ω_{bb}}=-1.05\,\rm{GeV}$ can be confronted with the experimental data in the future.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Laser ion acceleration using a solid target coupled with a low density layer
Creators: name: Sgattoni, Andrea
name: Londrillo, Pasquale
name: Macchi, Andrea
name: Passoni, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate by particle-in-cell simulations in two and three dimensions the laser-plasma interaction and the proton acceleration in multilayer targets where a low density "near-critical" layer of a few micron thickness is added on the illuminated side of a thin, high density layer. This target design can be obtained by depositing a "foam" layer on a thin metallic foil. The presence of the near-critical plasma strongly increases both the conversion efficiency and the energy of electrons and leads to enhanced acceleration of proton from a rear side layer via the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration mechanism. The electrons of the foam are strongly accelerated in the forward direction and propagate on the rear side of the target building up a high electric field with a relatively flat longitudinal profile. In these conditions the maximum proton energy is up to three times higher than in the case of the bare solid target.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures. Submitted to Physical Review E
Rewriting History: Towards Diagrammatic Hypertext for Digital Historiography
Creators: name: Frank, Ingo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Hypertext
subject: Digital History
subject: Digital humanities
subject: Information Visualization
subject: Methodology

description: The poster presents experiments for an approach towards visual historiography to support historical understanding. Methodologists argue that historians should make explicit their causal claims in their narrative explanations for better communication of research findings. The advantage of using diagrams with a hypertextual approach is that idiographic details can still be communicated through textual information in the hypertext nodes due to multimodal combination of diagram and written language. I suggest a semantic wiki tool for structured writing—i. e. modeling—of causal processes as described in causal narratives. As the approach enables the (re)presentation of history as diagram by means of diagrammatic reasoning according to Peircean semiotics I propose the label diagrammatic hypertext.
Compassion and convention : differential approaches to the omnivore's dilemma
Creators: name: Ruby, Matthew Byron
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: As omnivores, humans benefit from considerable nutritional flexibility. However, this blessing also comes with a curse, as humans also face a higher risk of consuming harmful substances or eating an improperly balanced diet, a phenomenon that Rozin (1976) calls “the omnivore's dilemma.” Previous research has shown that this dilemma is especially pronounced when dealing with meat, but has focused almost exclusively on Western participants, leaving several important questions unanswered. This dissertation extends the literature on the omnivore’s dilemma in three principal ways. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that providing people with visual reminders of the animal origins of meats reduces willingness to eat novel animals, but not willingness to eat commonly consumed animals, across Euro-Canadian, Asian-Canadian, Euro-American and Indian samples. Studies 3 and 4 examine what factors influence people’s decisions to eat animals, within Euro-Canadian, Hong Kong Chinese, Euro-American and Indian cultural contexts. Perceived animal intelligence and appearance were chief predictors of disgust, and reflecting on animals’ psychological attributes increased disgust, especially among Euro-Canadians and Euro-Americans. Concordant with past research, disgust was a major predictor of willingness to eat animals, but social influence (frequency of consumption by friends and family) also emerged as a strong predictor, especially among Hong Kong Chinese and Indians, providing evidence that friends and family have a stronger influence on one’s food choices in collectivistic cultural contexts. Studies 5 and 6 examine differences between vegetarians and omnivores in North American and Indian cultural contexts. In Study 5, we found that Euro-American vegetarians were more concerned with the impact of their food choices on the environment and animal welfare, more concerned with general animal welfare, endorsed universalism more, and Right-Wing Authoritarianism less than omnivores, yet among Indian participants, these differences were not significant. In Study 6, we showed that Indian vegetarians more strongly endorsed the belief that eating meat is spiritually polluting, were more religious, and were more concerned with the domains of Purity and Authority, whereas these differences were largely absent among Euro-Canadians and Euro-Americans. Taken together, this research provides greater insight into how people resolve the omnivore’s dilemma in different cultural contexts.
Capillary pressure of van der Waals liquid nanodrops
Creators: name: Tsekov, R.
name: Toshev, B. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dependence of the surface tension on a nanodrop radius is important for the new-phase formation process. It is demonstrated that the famous Tolman formula is not unique and the size-dependence of the surface tension can distinct for different systems. The analysis is based on a relationship between the surface tension and disjoining pressure in nanodrops. It is shown that the van der Waals interactions do not affect the new-phase formation thermodynamics since the effect of the disjoining pressure and size-dependent component of the surface tension cancel each other.
description: The paper is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of A.I. Rusanov
УСЛОВИЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНОСТИ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ СУЩЕСТВОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАДАЧИ ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ НА КОНЕЧНЫХ ИНТЕРВАЛАХ
Creators: name: Фаражзаде Али
name: Хазар Эльман
name: Ханкишиева Наргиз
name: Кайа Эзги
Publisher: name: Труды Международной Азиатской школы-семинара «Проблемы оптимизации сложных систем»
Year: 2023
Subjects: отображение замкнутого графа
неподвижная точка
сокращающая итерация

description: Цель работы – получение новых условий оптимальности Каруша – Куна – Такера для решений задач равновесия с полубесконечным интервалом с интервальными целевыми функциями. Условия Каруша – Куна – Такера для задачи программирования на полубесконечных интервалах являются частными случаями условий, найденных в этой статье для задачи ограниченного равновесия. Мы проиллюстрируем это несколькими примерами. Кроме того, мы получаем решения задачи интервального равновесия в неограниченном случае. Эти результаты, представленные в данной статье, расширяют соответствующие результаты, приведенные в литературе.
Neyman-Pearson classification algorithms and NP receiver operating characteristics
Creators: name: Tong, Xin
name: Feng, Yang
name: Li, Jingyi Jessica
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science--Data processing
subject: Classification
subject: Algorithms

description: In many binary classification applications, such as disease diagnosis and spam detection, practitioners commonly face the need to limit type I error (that is, the conditional probability of misclassifying a class 0 observation as class 1) so that it remains below a desired threshold. To address this need, the Neyman-Pearson (NP) classification paradigm is a natural choice; it minimizes type II error (that is, the conditional probability of misclassifying a class 1 observation as class 0) while enforcing an upper bound, α, on the type I error. Despite its century-long history in hypothesis testing, the NP paradigm has not been well recognized and implemented in classification schemes. Common practices that directly limit the empirical type I error to no more than α do not satisfy the type I error control objective because the resulting classifiers are likely to have type I errors much larger than α, and the NP paradigm has not been properly implemented in practice. We develop the first umbrella algorithm that implements the NP paradigm for all scoring-type classification methods, such as logistic regression, support vector machines, and random forests. Powered by this algorithm, we propose a novel graphical tool for NP classification methods: NP receiver operating characteristic (NP-ROC) bands motivated by the popular ROC curves. NP-ROC bands will help choose α in a data-adaptive way and compare different NP classifiers. We demonstrate the use and properties of the NP umbrella algorithm and NP-ROC bands, available in the R package nproc, through simulation and real data studies.
Efficient Estimation of Nonlinear Finite Population Parameters Using Nonparametrics
Creators: name: Goga, Camelia
name: Ruiz-Gazen, Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Currently, the high-precision estimation of nonlinear parameters such as Gini indices, low-income proportions or other measures of inequality is particularly crucial. In the present paper, we propose a general class of estimators for such parameters that take into account univariate auxiliary information assumed to be known for every unit in the population. Through a nonparametric model-assisted approach, we construct a unique system of survey weights that can be used to estimate any nonlinear parameter associated with any study variable of the survey, using a plug-in principle. Based on a rigorous functional approach and a linearization principle, the asymptotic variance of the proposed estimators is derived, and variance estimators are shown to be consistent under mild assumptions. The theory is fully detailed for penalized B-spline estimators together with suggestions for practical implementation and guidelines for choosing the smoothing parameters. The validity of the method is demonstrated on data extracted from the French Labor Force Survey. Point and confidence intervals estimation for the Gini index and the low-income proportion are derived. Theoretical and empirical results highlight our interest in using a nonparametric approach versus a parametric one when estimating nonlinear parameters in the presence of auxiliary information.
IMPROVING METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING READING SKILLS IN STUDENTS BASED ON METACOGNITIVE APPROACHES
Creators: name: Iskandarova, M.M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article investigates the potential of integrating metacognitive strategies into reading instruction to enhance students' reading skills. Metacognition, or the ability to monitor, control, and plan one’s cognitive processes, has proven to improve reading comprehension, retention, and engagement. By emphasizing self-regulation and reflective thinking, metacognitive approaches encourage students to actively engage with texts and refine their strategies as needed. The study presents an analysis of various metacognitive techniques and their impact on students’ reading abilities, providing a comprehensive framework for improving reading instruction.
Symmetry and localization of quantum walk induced by extra link in cycles
Creators: name: Xu, Xin-Ping
name: Ide, Yusuke
name: Konno, Norio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the impact of single extra link on the coherent dynamics modeled by continuous-time quantum walks. For this purpose, we consider the continuous-time quantum walk on the cycle with an additional link. We find that the additional link in cycle indeed cause a very different dynamical behavior compared to the dynamical behavior on the cycle. We analytically treat this problem and calculate the Laplacian spectrum for the first time, and approximate the eigenvalues and eigenstates using the Chebyshev polynomial technique and perturbation theory. It is found that the probability evolution exhibits a similar behavior like the cycle if the exciton starts far away from the two ends of the added link. We explain this phenomenon by the eigenstate of the largest eigenvalue. We prove symmetry of the long-time averaged probabilities using the exact determinant equation for the eigenvalues expressed by Chebyshev polynomials. In addition, there is a significant localization when the exciton starts at one of the two ends of the extra link, we show that the localized probability is determined by the largest eigenvalue and there is a significant lower bound for it even in the limit of infinite system. Finally, we study the problem of trapping and show the survival probability also displays significant localization for some special values of network parameters, and we determine the conditions for the emergence of such localization. All our findings suggest that the different dynamics caused by the extra link in cycle is mainly determined by the largest eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenstate. We hope the Laplacian spectral analysis in this work provides a deeper understanding for the dynamics of quantum walks on networks.
description: One more reference is added, to be appear in Phys. Rev. A
Majorana Fermions and Odd-frequency Cooper Pairs in a Nano Wire
Creators: name: Asano, Yasuhiro
name: Tanaka, Yukio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a strong relationship between Majorana fermions and odd-frequency Cooper pairs which appear at a disordered normal (N) nano wire attached to a topologically nontrivial superconducting (S) one. The transport properties in superconducting nano wire junctions show universal behaviors irrespective of the degree of disorder: the quantized zero-bias differential conductance at 2e^{2}/h in NS junction and the fractional current-phase (J-φ) relationship of the Josephson effect in SNS junction J\propto \sin(φ/2). Such behaviors are exactly the same as those in the anomalous proximity effect of odd-parity spin-triplet superconductors. We show that odd-frequency Cooper pairs support the universal transport properties. The odd-frequency pairs exist wherever the Majorana fermions stay.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Outer density profiles of 19 Galactic globular clusters from deep and wide-field imaging
Creators: name: Carballo-Bello, Julio A.
name: Gieles, Mark
name: Sollima, Antonio
name: Koposov, Sergey
name: Martínez-Delgado, David
name: Peñarrubia, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using deep photometric data from WFC@INT and WFI@ESO2.2m we measure the outer number density profiles of 19 stellar clusters located in the inner region of the Milky Way halo (within a Galactocentric distance range of 10-30 kpc) in order to assess the impact of internal and external dynamical processes on the spatial distribution of stars. Adopting power-law fitting templates, with index $-γ$ in the outer region, we find that the clusters in our sample can be divided in two groups: a group of massive clusters ($ \ge 10^5 $ M_sun) that has relatively flat profiles with $2.5 < γ< 4$ and a group of low-mass clusters ($ \le 10^5 $ M_sun), with steep profiles ($γ> 4$) and clear signatures of interaction with the Galactic tidal field. We refer to these two groups as 'tidally unaffected' and 'tidally affected', respectively. Our results also show a clear trend between the slope of the outer parts and the half-mass density of these systems, which suggests that the outer density profiles may retain key information on the dominant processes driving the dynamical evolution of Globular Clusters.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in MNRAS