cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Decoupling heavy sparticles in Effective SUSY scenarios: Unification, Higgs masses and tachyon bounds
Creators: name: Tamarit, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using two-loop renormalization group equations implementing the decoupling of heavy scalars, Effective SUSY scenarios are studied in the limit in which there is a single low energy Higgs field. Gauge coupling unification is shown to hold with similar or better precision than in standard MSSM scenarios. b-tau unification is examined, and Higgs masses are computed using the effective potential, including two-loop contributions from scalars. A 125 GeV Higgs is compatible with stops/sbottoms at around 300 GeV with non-universal boundary conditions at the scale of the heavy sparticles if some of the trilinear couplings at this scale take values of the order of 1-2 TeV; if more constrained boundary conditions inspired by msugra or gauge mediation are set at a higher scale, heavier colored sparticles are required in general. Finally, since the decoupled RG flow for third-generation scalar masses departs very significantly from the MSSM DR-bar one, tachyon bounds for light scalars are revisited and shown to be relaxed by up to a TeV or more.
description: 35 pages, 17 figures. v2: Updated some scans, allowing for changes in sign of some parameters, minor improvements. v3: Typos corrected in formulae in the appendices, added some clarifying remarks about flavor mixing being ignored
White Graphene Nanostructured Magnetic Sorbents for Oil-spill Cleanup: Synthesis and Performance Evaluation
Creators: name: Ramirez Leyva, Jose Humberto
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: Since hydrocarbons are the world’s main energy source, latent risk for oil spills during extraction, processing and storage must be properly managed and considered for a contingency plan. In the last half century, big catastrophes related to oil spills have caused oil companies millions of dollars in losses. Additionally, the environmental impact can remain for several decades. Existing materials in the market for oil spill cleaning up are considered inefficient as they do not allow an easy oil recovery for further usage. Current technology and materials for oil spill cleaning must be renewed, targeting the production of new materials with high performance and reusability capabilities. In this study, we introduce a facile strategy for manufacturing nanostructured magnetic white graphene sponges and its performance evaluation for effective water cleaning. Optimized synthesis protocol takes into consideration new findings related to the composition and porosity change during the white graphene synthesis steps. The proposed synthesis procedure requires less energy and time compared with similar works reported before. This research introduces two main contributions for the evolution of oil spill cleaning technology. The first one is a procedure for obtaining a powerful material for oil sorption. The second contribution is an objective and trustworthy method for the performance evaluation of magnetic absorbents
Ab-initio self-consistent Gorkov-Green's function calculations of semi-magic nuclei - I. Formalism at second order with a two-nucleon interaction
Creators: name: Soma, V.
name: Duguet, T.
name: Barbieri, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ab-initio calculation scheme for finite nuclei based on self-consistent Green's functions in the Gorkov formalism is developed. It aims at describing properties of doubly-magic and semi-magic nuclei employing state-of-the-art microscopic nuclear interactions and explicitly treating pairing correlations through the breaking of U(1) symmetry associated with particle number conservation. The present paper introduces the formalism, necessary to undertake applications at (self-consistent) second-order using two-nucleon interactions, in a detailed and self-contained fashion. First applications of such a scheme will be reported soon in a forthcoming publication. Future works will extend the present scheme to include three-nucleon interactions and implement more advanced truncation schemes.
description: 38 pages
A global analysis of historical and projected mariculture production trends, 1950-2030
Creators: name: Campbell, Brooke Maureen McClelland
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing global food animal production industries and, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), accounts for over 40 % of global seafood consumption. This proportion is anticipated to grow in the coming decades as global capture fisheries continue to stagnate and global demand for seafood continues to rise. As the significance of aquaculture grows, the marine and brackish (‘mariculture’) subsector is of particular interest for analysis because of its growing influence on the development of global aquaculture and its known negative impacts on marine biodiversity and coastal health. Based on known global data limitations and past experience with fisheries and aquaculture statistics reported to the FAO, there is reason to independently verify the FAO’s current global database of mariculture production statistics. Moreover, its low spatial and taxonomic resolution can create uncertainties in analysis, management, and planning. We therefore re-estimated and GIS-mapped historical mariculture production from 1950 to 2004 at a higher spatial and taxonomic resolution. Despite this new compilation, some uncertainty remains in the accuracy of reported mariculture production statistics at the country level, particularly in China. As such, mariculture statistics should still be used with caution. Through analysis of mean trophic levels, this new global database confirms that we are globally ‘farming up the foodweb’. This new database was combined with the scenarios framework of the United Nations Global Environmental Outlook (GEO-4) to reduce the uncertainty inherent in planning for, and anticipating the effects of, mariculture production’s global development trajectory by 2030. Based on the GEO-4 framework and a method using segmented linear regressions, we developed four plausible narrative storylines and model-based simulations of future mariculture, emphasizing the benefits and tradeoffs along different pathway of future development. One important result is that taking immediate action towards increasing ecological responsibility in mariculture production and development does not appear to preclude meeting currently projected food fish demand in 2030.
Construction contracts (or "how to get the right building at the right price?")
Creators: name: Chakravarty, Surajeet
name: MacLeod, W. Bentley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Business

description: Most contracts that individuals enter into are not written from scratch; rather, they depend upon forms and terms that have been successful in the past. In this paper, we study the structure of form construction contracts published by the American Institute of Architects (AIA). We show that these contracts are an efficient solution to the problem of procuring large, complex projects when unforeseen contingencies are inevitable. This is achieved by carefully structuring the ex post bargaining game between the Principal and the Agent. The optimal mechanism corresponding to the AIA construction form is consistent with decisions of the courts in several prominent but controversial cases, and hence it provides an economic foundation for a number of the common-law excuses from performance. Finally, the case of form contracts for construction is an example of how markets, as opposed to private negotiations, can be used to determine efficient contract terms.
Jacobi-Predictor-Corrector Approach for the Fractional Ordinary Differential Equations
Creators: name: Zhao, Lijing
name: Deng, Weihua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M06, 65M12, 82C99

description: We present a novel numerical method, called {\tt Jacobi-predictor-corrector approach}, for the numerical solution of fractional ordinary differential equations based on the polynomial interpolation and the Gauss-Lobatto quadrature w.r.t. the Jacobi-weight function $ω(s)=(1-s)^{α-1}(1+s)^0$. This method has the computational cost O(N) and the convergent order $IN$, where $N$ and $IN$ are, respectively, the total computational steps and the number of used interpolating points. The detailed error analysis is performed, and the extensive numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results and show the robustness of this method.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures
Inflation stabilization and welfare: The case of a distorted steady state
Creators: name: Benigno, Pierpaolo
name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper considers the appropriate stabilization objectives for monetary policy in a microfounded model with staggered price-setting. Rotemberg and Woodford (1997) and Woodford (2002) have shown that under certain conditions, a local approximation to the expected utility of the representative household in a model of this kind is related inversely to the expected discounted value of a conventional quadratic loss function, in which each period's loss is a weighted average of squared deviations of inflation and an output gap measure from their optimal values (zero). However, those derivations rely on an assumption of the existence of an output or employment subsidy that offsets the distortion due to the market power of monopolistically-competitive price-setters, so that the steady state under a zero-inflation policy involves an efficient level of output. Here we show how to dispense with this unappealing assumption, so that a valid linear-quadratic approximation to the optimal policy problem is possible even when the steady state is distorted to an arbitrary extent (allowing for tax distortions as well as market power), and when, as a consequence, it is necessary to take account of the effects of stabilization policy on the average level of output. We again obtain a welfare-theoretic loss function that involves both inflation and an appropriately defined output gap, though the degree of distortion of the steady state affects both the weights on the two stabilization objectives and the definition of the welfare-relevant output gap. In the light of these results, we reconsider the conditions under which complete price stability is optimal, and find that they are more restrictive in the case of a distorted steady state. We also consider the conditions under which pure randomization of monetary policy can be welfare-improving, and find that this is possible in the case of a sufficiently distorted steady state, though the parameter values required are probably not empirically realistic.
Cryptoprotocols: Subscription to a Public Key, the Secret Blocking and the Multi-Player Mental Poker Game
Creators: name: Yung, Mordechai M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: Investigating the capabilities of public key and related cryptographic techniques has recently become an important area of cryptographic research. In this paper we present some new algorithms and cryptographic protocols (Cryptoprotocols) which enlarge the range of applications of public key systems and enable us to perform certain transactions in communication networks. The basic cryptographic tools used are Rabm's Oblivious Transfer Protocol and an algorithm we developed for Number Embedding which is provably hard to invert. We introduce the protocol Subscription to a Public Key, which gives a way to transfer keys over insecure communication channels and has useful applications to cryptosystems. We develop the Secret Blocking Protocol, specified as follows 'A transfers a secret to B, B can block the message. If B does not block it, there is a probability P that he might get it. (1/2 ≤ P < 1, where we can control the size of P). A does not know if the message was blocked (but he can find out later)'. The classic cryptotransaction is the A1ental Poker Game. A cryptographically secure solution to the Multi Player Mental Poker Game is given. The approach used in constructing the solution provides a general methodology of provable and modular Protocol Composition.
The Shielding Effect of Polyethylene Coating Disbondment on Permeability of Cahtodic Protection Current and the Resulting Pipeline Corrosion
Creators: name: Yin, Ke
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Mechanical

description: The shielding effect of polyethylene (PE) coating disbondment on cathodic protection (CP) permeability was investigated. Results demonstrated that CP became shielded by disbonded PE coating. The geometrical factors of coating holiday (i.e., holiday size) and coating disbondment (i.e., disbonding width and depth) played an essential role in CP permeability. When sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were contained in the thin layer of solution trapped under the disbonded PE coating, the corrosion of the steel depended heavily on the thickness of the solution layer. There existed a critical solution layer thickness, i.e., 150 μm, where a maximum corrosion rate was reached. Pipeline corrosion in SRB-containing thin layers of solution trapped under disbonded coating was resulted from the synergism of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and the formation of corrosion product film on the steel surface.
Advanced Morphological Galaxy Classification: A Comparison of Real and Simulated Galaxies
Creators: name: Hambleton, K. M.
name: Gibson, B. K.
name: Brook, C. B.
name: Stinson, G. S.
name: Conselice, C. J.
name: Bailin, J.
name: Couchman, H.
name: Wadsley, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Encoded within the morphological structure of galaxies are clues related to their formation and evolutionary history. Recent advances pertaining to the statistics of galaxy morphology include sophisticated measures of concentration (C), asymmetry (A), and clumpiness (S). In this study, these three parameters (CAS) have been applied to a suite of simulated galaxies and compared with observational results inferred from a sample of nearby galaxies. The simulations span a range of late-type systems, with masses between ~1e10 Msun and ~1e12 Msun, and employ star formation density thresholds between 0.1 cm^-3 and 100 cm^-3. We have found that the simulated galaxies possess comparable concentrations to their real counterparts. However, the results of the CAS analysis revealed that the simulated galaxies are generally more asymmetric, and that the range of clumpiness values extends beyond the range of those observed. Strong correlations were obtained between the three CAS parameters and colour (B-V), consistent with observed galaxies. Furthermore, the simulated galaxies possess strong links between their CAS parameters and Hubble type, mostly in-line with their real counterparts.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 11 pages; 12 figures; replacement includes minor amendments to match the published version
MOESM12 of Study on cyanidin metabolism in petals of pink-flowered strawberry based on transcriptome sequencing and metabolite analysis
Creators: name: Xue, Li
name: Wang, Jian
name: Zhao, Jun
name: Zheng, Yang
name: Wang, Hai-Feng
name: Wu, Xue
name: Xian, Cheng
name: Lei, Jia-Jun
name: Zhong, Chuan-Fei
name: Zhang, Yun-Tao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 12: Table S6. The primers used for qRT-PCR analysis.
When Is Nonadaptive Information as Powerful as Adaptive Information?
Creators: name: Traub, Joseph F.
name: Wasilkowski, Grzegorz W.
name: Wozniakowski, Henryk
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: Information based complexity is a unified treatment of problems where only partial or approximate information is available. In this approach one states how well a problem should be solved and indicates the type of information available. The theory then tells one optimal information and optimal algorithm and yields bounds on the problem complexity. In this paper we survey some recent results addressing one of the problems studied in information based complexity. The problem deals with nonadaptive and adaptive information both for the worst case and average case settings.
Three QSOs acting as strong gravitational lenses
Creators: name: Courbin, F.
name: Faure, C.
name: Djorgovski, S. G.
name: Rerat, F.
name: Tewes, M.
name: Meylan, G.
name: Stern, D.
name: Mahabal, A.
name: Boroson, T.
name: Dheeraj, R.
name: Sluse, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of three new cases of QSOs acting as strong gravitational lenses on background emission line galaxies: SDSS J0827+5224 (zQSO = 0.293, zs = 0.412), SDSS J0919+2720 (zQSO = 0.209, zs = 0.558), SDSS J1005+4016 (zQSO = 0.230, zs = 0.441). The selection was carried out using a sample of 22,298 SDSS spectra displaying at least four emission lines at a redshift beyond that of the foreground QSO. The lensing nature is confirmed from Keck imaging and spectroscopy, as well as from HST/WFC3 imaging in the F475W and F814W filters. Two of the QSOs have face-on spiral host galaxies and the third is a QSO+galaxy pair. The velocity dispersion of the host galaxies, inferred from simple lens modeling, is between σ_v = 210 and 285 km/s, making these host galaxies comparable in mass with the SLACS sample of early-type strong lenses.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Selective and optimal illumination of nano-photonic structures using optical eigenmodes
Creators: name: Mazilu, Michael
name: Dholakia, Kishan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using optical eigenmodes defined by the interaction between the electromagnetic fields and photonic structures it is possible to determine the optimal illumination of these structures with respect to a specific measurable quantity. One such quantity considered here is the electric field intensity in the hotspot regions of an array of nano-antennas. This paper presents two possible methods, both based on optical eigenmodes, to determine the optimal and most efficient illumination that couples to a single hotspot on top of a single nano-antenna taken from an array of nano-antennas. The two methods are compared in terms of cross-talk and overall coupling efficiency.
description: Paper presented at the TaCoNa-Photonics meeting October 2011, Bad Honnef, Germany
Multi-Frequency Microwave Interactions of Snow-Covered Arctic First-Year Sea Ice
Creators: name: Nanda Kumar Sreeletha, Vishnu Nandan
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Remote Sensing
subject: Sea Ice
subject: Arctic
subject: Snow
subject: Radar
subject: Climate
subject: Geography
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Remote Sensing

description: In this thesis, the thermophysical, dielectric and Ku-, X- and C-band polarimetric microwave properties of relatively smooth snow covered first-year sea ice (FYI), from late-winter to pre-early melt onset thermodynamic regime are investigated. Fully-polarimetric microwave backscatter data acquired from a unique, surface-based multi-frequency (Ku-, X- and C-band) scatterometer system is used near-coincident with in situ snow thermophysical measurements, to investigate thermodynamic and electrical state of snow covered FYI. Using a first-order microwave backscatter model, a multi-frequency framework is theoretically established to determine the dominant snow thermophysical properties sensitive to the modeled microwave backscatter, at Ku-, X- and C-band frequencies. Multi-frequency microwave observations acquired from the scatterometer system are then used to inter-compare with modeled backscatter, to investigate the potential of the surface-based system to determine the thermodynamic and electrical state of snow covered FYI, at diurnal and temporal scales, from late-winter to pre-early melt onset. A unique frequency-dependent polarimetric parameter is developed to characterize frequency-dependent changes in microwave backscatter, as a function of snow thickness, polarization and incidence angle. Theoretical and observational findings indicate significant influence of snow salinity affecting microwave propagation through snow covers on FYI, for all three frequencies. These findings are utilized semi-empirically to develop a thickness-dependent snow salinity correction factor to improve FYI freeboard and thickness measurement retrievals from space-borne radar altimeters, operating at Ku-band.
An experimental study of storable votes
Creators: name: Casella, Alessandra M.
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
name: Palfrey, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The storable votes mechanism is a method of voting for committees that meet periodically to consider a series of binary decisions. Each member is allocated a fixed budget of votes to be cast as desired over the multiple decisions. Voters are induced to spend more votes on those decisions that matter to them most, shifting the ex ante probability of winning away from decisions they value less and towards decisions they value more, typically generating welfare gains over standard majority voting with non-storable votes. The equilibrium strategies have a very intuitive feature-the number of votes cast must be monotonic in the voter's intensity of preferences-but are otherwise difficult to calculate, raising questions of practical implementation. In our experiments, realized efficiency levels were remarkably close to theoretical equilibrium predictions, while subjects adopted monotonic but off-equilibrium strategies. We are lead to conclude that concerns about the complexity of the game may have limited practical relevance.
Equivalence of public mixed-strategies and private behavior strategies in games with public monitoring
Creators: name: Amarante, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics

description: In repeated games with public monitoring, the consideration of behavior strategies makes relevant the distinction between public and private strategies. Recently, Kandori and Obara [6] and Mailath, Matthews and Sekiguchi [8] have provided examples of games with equilibrium payoffs in private strategies which lie outside the set of Public Perfect Equilibrium payoffs. The present paper focuses on another distinction, that between mixed and behavior strategies. It is shown that, as far as with mixed strategies one is concerned, the restriction to public strategies is not a restriction at all.
Estimation, Analysis and Smoothing of Self-Similar Network Induced Delays in Feedback Control of Nuclear Reactors
Creators: name: Majumder, Basudev
name: Das, Saptarshi
name: Pan, Indranil
name: Saha, Sayan
name: Das, Shantanu
name: Gupta, Amitava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper analyzes a nuclear reactor power signal that suffers from network induced random delays in the shared data network while being fed-back to the Reactor Regulating System (RRS). A detailed study is carried out to investigate the self similarity of random delay dynamics due to the network traffic in shared medium. The fractionality or selfsimilarity in the network induced delay that corrupts the measured power signal coming from Self Powered Neutron Detectors (SPND) is estimated and analyzed. As any fractional order randomness is intrinsically different from conventional Gaussian kind of randomness, these delay dynamics need to be handled efficiently, before reaching the controller within the RRS. An attempt has been made to minimize the effect of the randomness in the reactor power transient data with few classes of smoothing filters. The performance measure of the smoothers with fractional order noise consideration is also investigated into.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
A simple scheme to improve the efficiency of referenda
Creators: name: Casella, Alessandra M.
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This paper proposes a simple scheme designed to elicit and reward intensity of preferences in referenda: voters faced with a number of binary proposals are given one regular vote for each proposal plus an additional number of bonus votes to cast as desired. Decisions are taken according to the majority of votes cast. In our base case, where there is no systematic difference between proposals' supporters and opponents, there is always a positive number of bonus votes such that ex ante utility is increased by the scheme, relative to simple majority voting. When the distributions of valuations of supporters and opponents differ, the improvement in efficiency is guaranteed if the distributions can be ranked according to first order stochastic dominance. If they are, however, the existence of welfare gains is independent of the exact number of bonus votes.
The physics and the structure of the quasar-driven outflow in Mrk 231
Creators: name: Cicone, C.
name: Feruglio, C.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Fiore, F.
name: Piconcelli, E.
name: Menci, N.
name: Aussel, H.
name: Sturm, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive AGN-driven outflows are invoked by AGN-galaxy co-evolutionary models to suppress both star formation and black hole accretion. Massive molecular outflows have recently been revealed in some AGN hosts. However, the physical properties and structure of these AGN-driven molecular outflows are still poorly constrained. Here we present new IRAM PdBI observations of Mrk231, the closest quasar known, targeting both the CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) transitions. We detect broad wings in both transitions, tracing a massive molecular outflow with velocities up to 800 km/s. The wings are spatially resolved at high significance level (5-11 sigma), indicating that the molecular outflow extends on the kpc scale. The CO(2-1)/CO(1-0) ratio of the red broad wings is consistent with the ratio observed in the narrow core, while the blue broad wing is less excited than the core. The latter result suggests that quasar driven outflow models invoking shocks (which would predict higher gas excitation) are not appropriate to describe the bulk of the outflow in Mrk231. However, we note that within the central 700 pc the CO(2-1)/CO(1-0) ratio of the red wing is slightly, but significantly, higher than in the line core, suggesting that shocks may play a role in the central region. We also find that the average size of the outflow anticorrelates with the critical density of the transition used as a wind tracer. This indicates that, although diffuse and dense clumps coexist in the outflowing gas, dense outflowing clouds have shorter lifetime and that they evaporate into the diffuse component along the outflow or, more simply, that diffuse clouds are more efficiently accelerated to larger distances by radiation pressure.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Application of copper isotope abundance measurements to study copper trafficking in vivo
Creators: name: Miller, Kerri Anne
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Copper isotopes
subject: Isotopic fractionation
subject: Biophysics
subject: Physics

description: The determination of the isotopic composition of metals has been increasingly recognized as a powerful tool to monitor metabolism in biological systems. One biologically important metal in living systems is copper, a critical enzyme cofactor, but a potent cellular toxin when unbound inside the cell. This thesis describes the development of an analytical technique to measure isotope amount ratios in biological systems. The technique was then implemented to determine how the distribution of copper isotopes changes in a system where copper metabolism has been impacted in two different ways. The first application of this technique explored how changing the expression levels of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) could affect the distribution of copper isotopes in the body. Copper isotope amount ratios were measured in the liver, kidney, red blood cells, serum, and different regions of the brain of wild type, PrPC knockout, and mice in which the copper-binding sites were mutated. The liver, kidney and brain tissue samples were enriched in 65Cu compared to the food. Characteristic changes in isotopic distribution were identified between the serum and the liver, the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and brainstem. The second application of this technique was a careful examination of the copper isotopic fractionation in the five intestinal regions of mice. The effect of PrPC was investigated and revealed that the copper concentration was lower with inhibition or malfunction of PrPC in all regions of the gut, although only in the large intestine was any genotype dependence on the copper isotopic composition observed. Additionally, the isotopic redistribution of copper in mice with gut bacteria significantly depleted by antibiotic treatment was compared to untreated mice. A significant difference, ~1.0 ‰, in copper isotope abundances were measured in the proximal colon of antibiotic-treated mice. The changes in copper isotopic composition in the gut were associated with changes in copper transporters. Both CTR1, a protein responsible for copper import, and ATP7A, a protein responsible for copper efflux, were significantly down-regulated in antibiotic-treated mice.
MPEC 2025-F197 : 2025 FX11
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2025 FX11

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Shequ construction : policy implementation, community building, and urban governance in China
Creators: name: Shieh, Leslie L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: China’s nationwide Shequ (Community) Construction project aims to strengthen neighbourhood-based governance, particularly as cities wrestle with pressing social issues accompanying the country’s economic reforms. This policy has produced astounding outcomes, even though it is implemented through experimentation programs and the interbureaucratic document system rather than through legislation. It has professionalized the socialist residents’ committees and strengthened their capacity to carry out administrative functions and deliver social care. Thousands of service centres have been built, offering a range of cultural and social services to local residents. This research addresses how the centrally promulgated policy is being implemented locally and what its impacts are in various neighbourhoods. The lens of community building is used to explore how the grass roots organize themselves and how they are defined and governed by the state. The research thus seeks to analyze the impact of Shequ Construction, not through measuring outcomes against the intentions set out in policy documents, but through considering the wider, sometimes unforeseen, implications for other processes going on in the city. Based on fieldwork in Nanjing, the chapters explore the meaning Shequ Construction has in four areas of urban governance: 1) fiscal reform and decentralization of public services, 2) suburban village redevelopment, 3) community-based social service provisioning through the emergent nonprofit sector, and 4) role of homeowners’ association under housing privatization and neighbourhood inequality. By examining the interaction of Shequ Construction with a diverse set of policies, this research demonstrates how policy becomes interpreted during the course of implementation by local agencies as they contend with realities on the ground; and conversely how the Shequ policy alters the course and outcome of other policies and projects simultaneously unfolding. Furthermore, the perspective of policy interactions sheds light on the policy-making process in China. In presenting the Chinese experience, this dissertation seeks to contribute to the broader planning discourse on the function and appropriation of community building as a means of urban governance.
A Secure and Useful 'Keyless Cryptosystem'
Creators: name: Yung, Mordechai M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: Keyless cryptography is a technique in which the basis of security is the anonymity of the sender. We describe a protocol which fits the technique to realistic communication environments, and extend the security and the range of applications of the technique.
On the weak order of Coxeter groups
Creators: name: Dyer, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F55 (Primary) 17B22(Secondary)

description: This paper provides some evidence for conjectural relations between extensions of (right) weak order on Coxeter groups, closure operators on root systems, and Bruhat order. The conjecture focused upon here refines an earlier question as to whether the set of initial sections of reflection orders, ordered by inclusion, forms a complete lattice. Meet and join in weak order are described in terms of a suitable closure operator. Galois connections are defined from the power set of W to itself, under which maximal subgroups of certain groupoids correspond to certain complete meet subsemilattices of weak order. An analogue of weak order for standard parabolic subsets of any rank of the root system is defined, reducing to the usual weak order in rank zero, and having some analogous properties in rank one (and conjecturally in general).
description: 37 pages, submitted
Psoriasis as a consequence of incorporation of beta-streptococci into the microbiocenosis of highly permeable intestines (a pathogenic concept)
Creators: name: Korotky, Nikolai
name: Peslyak, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A review of recent investigations into pathogenesis of psoriasis summarizing data on the relationship between the presence β-streptococci in the organism and the cutaneous immune reaction. Results of the studies on gastrointestinal pathology in psoriatic patients are presented. The authors propose a hypothesis that advocates the primary origin of psoriatic gastrointestinal pathology and secondary nature of skin manifestations. A chronic plaque psoriasis model is developed on the basis of the assumption on the key role of two psorafactors, i.e. hyperpermeability of intestinal walls for certain proteins and incorporation of beta-streptococci in the microbiocenosis of intestinal mucosa. The validity of the model is confirmed by the results of practical clinical work.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure; ISSN 0042-4609, Journal NLM Unique ID: 0414246
Menu Interfaces to Expert Systems: Overview and Evaluation
Creators: name: Moerdler, Galina Datskovsky
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: In order for a human expert to be able to answer a person's question s/he often has to carry out extensive dialogs with that person in order to gather information about that person's needs. Extensive interaction and clarification are also needed for expert systems. One way expert systems communicate with their users is via a menu interface. To gather information the system poses a question and the user is given a number of possible answers and s/he then proceeds to choose the one that s/he thinks best corresponds with the correct answer.
MOESM1 of Study on cyanidin metabolism in petals of pink-flowered strawberry based on transcriptome sequencing and metabolite analysis
Creators: name: Xue, Li
name: Wang, Jian
name: Zhao, Jun
name: Zheng, Yang
name: Wang, Hai-Feng
name: Wu, Xue
name: Xian, Cheng
name: Lei, Jia-Jun
name: Zhong, Chuan-Fei
name: Zhang, Yun-Tao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The total anthocyanin and total flavonoid contents in the petals of three developmental stages (PF_L, PF_Z and PF_D) used for the RNA-seq analysis.
Application of copper isotope abundance measurements to study copper trafficking in vivo
Creators: name: Miller, Kerri Anne
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Copper isotopes
subject: Isotopic fractionation
subject: Biophysics
subject: Physics

description: The determination of the isotopic composition of metals has been increasingly recognized as a powerful tool to monitor metabolism in biological systems. One biologically important metal in living systems is copper, a critical enzyme cofactor, but a potent cellular toxin when unbound inside the cell. This thesis describes the development of an analytical technique to measure isotope amount ratios in biological systems. The technique was then implemented to determine how the distribution of copper isotopes changes in a system where copper metabolism has been impacted in two different ways. The first application of this technique explored how changing the expression levels of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) could affect the distribution of copper isotopes in the body. Copper isotope amount ratios were measured in the liver, kidney, red blood cells, serum, and different regions of the brain of wild type, PrPC knockout, and mice in which the copper-binding sites were mutated. The liver, kidney and brain tissue samples were enriched in 65Cu compared to the food. Characteristic changes in isotopic distribution were identified between the serum and the liver, the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and brainstem. The second application of this technique was a careful examination of the copper isotopic fractionation in the five intestinal regions of mice. The effect of PrPC was investigated and revealed that the copper concentration was lower with inhibition or malfunction of PrPC in all regions of the gut, although only in the large intestine was any genotype dependence on the copper isotopic composition observed. Additionally, the isotopic redistribution of copper in mice with gut bacteria significantly depleted by antibiotic treatment was compared to untreated mice. A significant difference, ~1.0 ‰, in copper isotope abundances were measured in the proximal colon of antibiotic-treated mice. The changes in copper isotopic composition in the gut were associated with changes in copper transporters. Both CTR1, a protein responsible for copper import, and ATP7A, a protein responsible for copper efflux, were significantly down-regulated in antibiotic-treated mice.
Optimal taxation in an RBC model: A linear-quadratic approach
Creators: name: Benigno, Pierpaolo
name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Economics

description: We reconsider the optimal taxation of income from labor and capital in the stochastic growth model analyzed by Chari et al. (1994, 1995), but using a linear-quadratic (LQ) approximation to derive a log-linear approximation to the optimal policy rules. The example illustrates how inaccurate "naive" LQ approximation - in which the quadratic objective is obtained from a simple Taylor expansion of the utility function of the representative household - an be, but also shows how a correct LQ approximation can be obtained, which will provide a correct local approximation to the optimal policy rules in the case of small enough shocks. We also consider the numerical accuracy of the LQ approximation in the case of shocks of the size assumed in the calibration of Chari et al. We find that the correct LQ approximation yields results that are quite accurate, and similar in most respects to the results obtained by Chari et al. using a more computationally intensive numerical method.
Classical signal model reproducing quantum probabilities for single and coincidence detections
Creators: name: Khrennikov, Andrei
name: Nilsson, Börje
name: Nordebo, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple classical (random) signal model reproducing Born's rule. The crucial point of our approach is that the presence of detector's threshold and calibration procedure have to be treated not as simply experimental technicalities, but as the basic counterparts of the theoretical model. We call this approach threshold signal detection model (TSD). The experiment on coincidence detection which was done by Grangier in 1986 \cite{Grangier} played a crucial role in rejection of (semi-)classical field models in favor of quantum mechanics (QM): impossibility to resolve the wave-particle duality in favor of a purely wave model. QM predicts that the relative probability of coincidence detection, the coefficient $g^{(2)}(0),$ is zero (for one photon states), but in (semi-)classical models $g^{(2)}(0)\geq 1.$ In TSD the coefficient $g^{(2)}(0)$ decreases as $1/{\cal E}_d^2,$ where ${\cal E}_d>0$ is the detection threshold. Hence, by increasing this threshold an experimenter can make the coefficient $g^{(2)}(0)$ essentially less than 1. The TSD-prediction can be tested experimentally in new Grangier type experiments presenting a detailed monitoring of dependence of the coefficient $g^{(2)}(0)$ on the detection threshold.
A Genre-based Clustering Approach to Content Extraction
Creators: name: Gupta, Suhit
name: Becker, Hila
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: The content of a webpage is usually contained within a small body of text and images, or perhaps several articles on the same page; however, the content may be lost in the clutter (defined as cosmetic features such as animations, menus, sidebars, obtrusive banners). Automatic content extraction has many applications, including browsing on small cell phone and PDA screens, speech rendering for the visually impaired, and reducing noise for information retrieval systems. We have developed a framework, Crunch, which employs various heuristics for content extraction in the form of filters applied to the webpage's DOM tree; the filters aim to prune or transform the clutter, leaving only the content. Crunch allows users to tune what we call 'settings', consisting of thresholds for applying a particular filter and/or for toggling a filter on/off, because the HTML components that characterize clutter can vary significantly from website to website. However, we have found that the same settings tend to work well across different websites of the same genre, e.g., news or shopping, since the designers often employ similar page layouts. In particular, Crunch could obtain the settings for a previously unknown website by automatically classifying it as sufficiently similar to a cluster of known websites with previously adjusted settings. We present our approach to clustering a large corpus of websites into genres, using their pre-extraction textual material augmented by the snippets generated by searching for the website's domain name in web search engines. Including these snippets increases the frequency of function words needed for clustering. We use existing Manhattan distance measure and hierarchical clustering techniques, with some modifications, to pre-classify the corpus into genres offline. Our method does not require prior knowledge of the set of genres that websites fit into, but to be useful a priori settings must be available for some member of each cluster or a nearby cluster (otherwise defaults are used). Crunch classifies newly encountered websites online in linear-time, and then applies the corresponding filter settings, with no noticeable delay added by our content-extracting web proxy.
Calculation of W b bbar Production via Double Parton Scattering at the LHC
Creators: name: Berger, Edmond L.
name: Jackson, C. B.
name: Quackenbush, Seth
name: Shaughnessy, Gabe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the potential to observe double parton scattering at the Large Hadron Collider in p p -> W b bbar X -> l nu b bbar X at 7 TeV. Our analysis tests the efficacy of several kinematic variables in isolating the double parton process of interest from the single parton process and relevant backgrounds for the first 10 inverse fb of integrated luminosity. These variables are constructed to expose the independent nature of the two subprocesses in double parton scattering, pp -> l nu X and pp -> b bbar X. We use next-to-leading order perturbative predictions for the double parton and single parton scattering components of W b bbar and for the pertinent backgrounds. The next-to-leading order contributions are important for a proper description of some of the observables we compute. We find that the double parton process can be identified and measured with significance S/sqrt(B) ~ 10, provided the double parton scattering effective cross section sigma_{eff} ~ 12 mb.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures; v2: improved presentation and figures, version published in Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 1 of Mapping freezing tolerance QTL in alfalfa: based on indoor phenotyping
Creators: name: Adhikari, Laxman
name: Makaju, Shiva O.
name: Lindstrom, Orville M.
name: Missaoui, Ali M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary File S1. Tag sequences for flanking and peak markers identified within the QTL regions. Two variant alleles for each SNP were denoted as ‘query’ and ‘hit’.