cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The stellar-subhalo mass relation of satellite galaxies
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Puebla, A.
name: Drory, N.
name: Avila-Reese, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the abundance matching technique (AMT) to infer the satellite-subhalo and central-halo mass relations (MRs) of galaxies, as well as the corresponding satellite conditional mass functions (CMFs). We use the observed galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) decomposed into centrals and satellites and the LCDM halo/subhalo mass functions as inputs. We explore the effects of defining the subhalo mass at the time of accretion (m_acc) vs. at the time of observation (m_obs). We test the standard assumption that centrals and satellites follow the same MRs, showing that this assumption leads to predictions in disagreement with observations, specially for m_obs. Instead, when the satellite-subhalo MRs are constrained following our AMT, they are always different from the central-halo MR: the smaller the stellar mass (Ms), the less massive is the subhalo of satellites as compared to the halo of centrals of the same Ms. On average, for Ms<2x10^11Msol, the dark mass of satellites decreased by 60-65% with respect to their masses at accretion time. The resulting MRs for both definitions of subhalo mass yield satellite CMFs in agreement with observations. Also, when these MRs are used in a HOD model, the predicted correlation functions agree with observations. We show that the use of m_obs leads to less uncertain MRs than m_acc, and discuss implications of the obtained satellite-subhalo MR. For example, we show that the tension between abundance and dynamics of MW satellites in LCDM gives if the slope of the GSMF faint-end slope upturns to -1.6.
description: 13, pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Minor changes to previous version
The Economics of Japan's Postal Services Privatization
Creators: name: Kinoshita, Nobuyuki
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Commerce

description: Japan's privatization of its postal services -- which includes one of the largest financial institutions in the world -- is exceptional for its huge size and complex structure. This essay examines the economic background of these features, as well historical development, competitive environment, and lessons. The effect on management incentives of a soft budget is key in understanding the system's problems when it was operated as a government agency. The analysis suggests the privatized components should achieve higher profitability and greater efficiency, including recovering from the soft-budget problem.
Limited Arbitrage and Uniqueness of Equilibrium in Strictly Regular Economies
Creators: name: Chichilnisky, Graciela
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics

description: In strictly regular economies limited arbitrage is sufficient for the global invertibility of demand, and necessary and sufficient for the uniqueness of equilibrium. This result is established using algebraic topology and holds in economies with short sales, and with finitely or infinitely many markets.
Social/behavioral skills and the gender gap in early educational achievement
Creators: name: DiPrete, Thomas A.
name: Jennings, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Education

description: Though many studies have suggested that social and behavioral skills play a central role in gender stratification processes, we know little about the extent to which these skills affect gender gaps in academic achievement. Analyzing data from the Early Child Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort, we demonstrate that social and behavioral skills have substantively important effects on academic outcomes from kindergarten through fifth grade. Gender differences in the acquisition of these skills, moreover, explain a considerable fraction of the gender gap in academic outcomes during early elementary school. Boys get roughly the same academic return to social and behavioral skills as their female peers, but girls retain an advantage both because they begin school with more advanced social and behavioral skills, and because their skill advantage grows over time. While part of the effect may reflect an evaluation process that rewards students who better conform to school norms, our results imply that the acquisition of social and behavioral skills enhances learning as well. Our results call for a reconsideration of the family and school-level processes that produce gender gaps in social/behavioral skills and the advantages they confer for academic and later success.
Fermionic out-of-plane structure of polarization singularities
Creators: name: Dennis, Mark R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new classification of circular polarization C points in three-dimensional polarization ellipse fields is proposed. The classification type depends on the out-of-plane variation of the polarization ellipse axis, in particular, whether the ellipse axes are in the plane of circular polarization one or three times. A minimal set of parameters for this classification are derived, and discussed in the context of the familiar in-plane C point classification into lemon, star, and monstar types. This new geometric classification is related to the Möbius index of polarization singularities recently introduced by Freund.
description: 3 pages, Optics Letters style
Standing on the shoulders of giants: New mass and distance estimates for Betelgeuse through combined evolutionary, asteroseismic, and hydrodynamic simulations with MESA
Creators: name: Joyce, Meridith
name: Leung, Shing-Chi
name: Molnár, László
name: Ireland, Michael
name: Kobayashi, Chiaki
name: Nomoto, Ken'ichi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stars: individual: Betelgeuse
supergiants
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: evolution

description: We conduct a rigorous examination of the nearby red supergiant Betelgeuse by drawing on the synthesis of new observational data and three different modeling techniques. Our observational results include the release of new, processed photometric measurements collected with the space-based Solar Mass Ejection Imager instrument prior to Betelgeuse’s recent, unprecedented dimming event, and the detection of a new pulsation mode in the star. Our theoretical predictions include self-consistent results from multi-timescale evolutionary, oscillatory, and hydrodynamic simulations conducted with the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) software suite. Significant outcomes of our modeling efforts include a precise prediction for the star's radius; in concert with additional constraints, this allows for the derivation of new estimate for its distance that is independent of its trigonometric parallax. Seismic results from both perturbed hydrostatic and evolving hydrodynamic simulations constrain the frequencies and underlying physics of Betelgeuse’s dominant periodicities in new ways, allowing us to determine conclusively, and for the first time, the driving mechanisms for Betelgeuse's most prominent oscillation modes.
description: {"references": ["Refereed publication: Joyce et al. 2020, https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb8db"]}
Routine Family Planning Data in the Low- and Middle-Income Country Context: A Synthesis of Findings From 17 Small Research Grants
Creators: name: Selim, Amani
name: Williams, Katie
name: Adamou, Bridgit
name: Barden-O’Fallon, Janine
Publisher: name: Johns Hopkins School Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs
Year: 2020

description:
Health information systems rely on high-quality data to measure, track, and inform decision making. Currently, the quality, uptake, and use of family planning data in routine health information systems is limited, presenting an opportunity for improvement on many levels. The current synthesis assessed findings from 17 small grants that MEASURE Evaluation issued to low- and middle-income country research teams between 2015 and 2019. Main findings from that research were collaboratively categorized in 4 major themes: (1) the enabling environment for managing and using family planning information; (2) barriers to integration of family planning in routine health information systems; (3) gaps in the analysis, interpretation, and use of routine family planning data; and (4) family planning data use in management, programmatic, and budgetary decisions. Data quality at the systemic, organizational, technical, and output levels was a crosscutting theme. Collectively, the findings outline barriers to and opportunities for improved integration of family planning data and subsequent strengthening of routine health information systems.
z'-band Ground-Based Detection of the Secondary Eclipse of WASP-19b
Creators: name: Burton, J. R.
name: Watson, C. A.
name: Littlefair, S. P.
name: Dhillon, V. S.
name: Gibson, N. P.
name: Marsh, T. R.
name: Pollacco, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the ground-based detection of the secondary eclipse of the transiting exoplanet WASP-19b. The observations were made in the Sloan z'-band using the ULTRACAM triple-beam CCD camera mounted on the NTT. The measurement shows a 0.088\pm0.019% eclipse depth, matching previous predictions based on H- and K-band measurements. We discuss in detail our approach to the removal of errors arising due to systematics in the data set, in addition to fitting a model transit to our data. This fit returns an eclipse centre, T0, of 2455578.7676 HJD, consistent with a circular orbit. Our measurement of the secondary eclipse depth is also compared to model atmospheres of WASP-19b, and is found to be consistent with previous measurements at longer wavelengths for the model atmospheres we investigated.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures. Published in the ApJ Supplement series
The long-term cyclotron dynamics of relativistic wave packets: spontaneous collapse and revival
Creators: name: Demikhovskii, V. Ya.
name: Maksimova, G. M.
name: Perov, A. A.
name: Telezhnikov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the effects of collapse and revival as well as {\it Zitterbewegung} (ZB) phenomenon, for the relativistic electron wave packets, which are a superposition of the states with quantum numbers sharply peaked around some level $n_0$ of the order of few tens. The probability densities as well as average velocities of the packet center and the average spin components were calculated analytically and visualized. Our computations demonstrate that due to dephasing of the states for times larger than the cyclotron period the initial wave packet (which includes the states with the positive energy only) loses the spatial localization so that the evolution can no longer be described classically. However, at the half-revival time $t=T_R/2$ its reshaping takes place firstly. The behavior of the wave packet containing the states of both energy bands (with $E_n>0$ and $E_n<0$) is more complicated. At short times of a few classical periods such packet splits into two parts which rotate with cyclotron frequency in the opposite directions and meet each other every one-half of the cyclotron period. At these moments their wave functions have significant overlap that leads to ZB. At the time of fractional revival each of two sub-packets is decomposed into few packets-fractions. However, at $t=T_R$ each of the two sub-packets (with positive or negative energy) restores at various points of the cyclotron orbit, that makes it impossible reshaping of initial wave packet entirely unlike the wave packet which consists of states with energies $E_n>0$ only. Obtained results can be useful for the description of electromagnetic radiation and absorption in relativistic plasma on astrophysics objects, where super high magnetic field has the value of the order $10^8-10^9$T, as well as for interpretation of experiments with trapped ions.
RSG mass loss: what we know and what we don't
Creators: name: Ekström, Sylvia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stars: individual: Betelgeuse
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: evolution
supergiants

description: Although the mass loss of massive stars is of prime importance for their evolution, it is still not well understood. Stellar modelling relies on wind prescriptions that are implemented in 1D evolution codes, but many uncertainties remain. In any case, stellar models cannot follow mass loss burst episodes, like the one that Betelgeuse has undergone last winter. They rely on averaged mass-loss rates, but is there such a thing, from an observational point of view? Can we check wether the winds prescriptions are correct or not? How modifying the mass-loss rates during the RSG phase changes the endpoint of massive stars evolution? I will review our current understanding on these questions from the theoretical point of view.
The effects of regrouping and stocking density on social behaviour, lying behaviour and locomotor activity of mid and late lactation dairy cows
Creators: name: Talebi, Aniseh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In free-stall systems cows are frequently moved among pens and regrouped. This practice involves individuals being mixed with unfamiliar cows, and stocking density often varies from before to after regrouping. Two separate lines of evidence suggest that regrouping and changing densities have negative impacts on cows welfare; but no study to date has assessed the combined effects. The aim of this study was to test the effect of changes in stocking density at the time of regrouping on the competition, feeding and lying behaviours and locomotor activity of dairy cows. By manipulating group size (6 vs. 12 cows) and pen size (12 vs. 24 stalls) three different stocking densities were created (25 %, 50 % and 100 %). Four groups of Holstein cows were regrouped weekly for 4 weeks and the stocking density changed from before to after each regrouping. The change in density varied from a decrease by a factor of 4 (100% to 25%), a decrease by a factor of 2 (100% to 50% or 50% to 25%), no change (50% to 50%), an increase by a factor of 2 (25% to 50% or 50% to 100%) and an increase by a factor of 4 (25% to 100%). Displacement at the feeding area, feeding time, lying time and the number of steps were scored. The daily means for each group were used to calculate the difference in responses from one day before to one day after each regrouping. Competition at the feed bunk changed after regrouping. The nature of the change was dependent upon the change in stocking density; when density decreased the number of displacements decreased. Changes in lying behavior and locomotor activity after regrouping also varied with changes in stocking density; when stocking density decreased lying time increased and number of steps increased. In conclusion, results of this experiment show that the change in competition behaviour from one day before to one day after regrouping varies with the change in stocking density at regrouping; and this change in competition results in changes in lying time and locomotor activity of cows.
Threats to the world Trading System: Income Distribution and the selfish Hegemon
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics

description: "The Uruguay Round is closing this week after a marathon of negotiations stretching well over seven years; so the timing of this Panel is exquisite from my viewpoint. The ceremony, besides, is in Marrakesh, an exotic place that sets our minds racing with thoughts of Casablanca, Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. Indeed, one can imagine a movie being made of this historic occasion with Peter Ustinov cast as Peter Sutherland, the brilliant and portly new Director General of the GATT who finally brought the Round to successful conclusion, Dustin Hoffman playing our own inimitable Mickey Kantor, and perhaps Al Pacino as the elegant and suave Sir Leon Brittan of the European Union: the three principal players in the closing days of the Round."
title: re:search : das Forschungsmagazin, Ausgabe 3, Juni 2020
title: Was soll nur aus mir werden?
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hochschule Reutlingen
Publisher: name: Hochschule Reutlingen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Die dritte Ausgabe unseres Forschungsmagazins re:search widmet sich der Nachhaltigkeit. Welchen Preis zahlen wir für billige Kleidung? Wie weit ist die Nischenforschung zum Kunstfleisch? Wie kann man mit Hilfe von KI clever recyceln? Professorinnen und Professoren aller Fakultäten beschäftigen sich mit dem Thema Nachhaltigkeit – sei es im Bereich der Energieforschung, in der Künstlichen Intelligenz oder in der Ernährung. Ganz besonders brisant ist es in der Textil- und Modeindustrie. Wir produzieren nur noch wenig in Deutschland, haben deshalb schier unendliche Transportwege, die Herstellung ist oft mit einer hohen Umweltbelastung verbunden und der Konsum alles andere als nachhaltig.
Redistribution and Non-Consumption Smoothing in an Open Economy
Creators: name: Perotti, Roberto
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper presents a model where income distribution and redistributive fiscal policy interact to affect the budget deficit and the pattern of net borrowing of a country. According to the standard representative agent paradigm, a small open economy should smooth consumption by borrowing from (lending to) to the rest of the world when its income increases (declines) over time. The simple model of this paper delivers exactly the same predictions in the absence of income dispersion. When income distribution is not degenerate, however, the same model gives rise to a surprising wealth of results. In particular, poor economies with high inequality may exhibit completely counterintuitive patterns of fiscal policy and external borrowing. The country's production path declines over time, because the more mobile agents leave the country to escape taxation: yet, the country might end up having a budget deficit and borrowing from abroad, thereby reinforcing rather than smoothing the asymmetry in consumption between the two periods. An important feature of this outcome is that it is backed by both the poor and the rich, who gain from the fiscal system at the expense of the middle class.
Local likelihood modeling by adaptive weights smoothing
Creators: name: Polzehl, Jörg
name: Spokoiny, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: adaptive weights
subject: local likelihood
subject: exponential family
subject: density estimation
subject: volatility
subject: tail index
subject: classification
subject: 62G08

description: The paper presents a unified approach to local likelihood estimation for a broad class of nonparametric models, including e.g. the regression, density, Poisson and binary response model. The method extends the adaptive weights smoothing (AWS) procedure introduced in Polzehl and Spokoiny (2000) in context of image denoising. Performance of the proposed procedure is illustrated by a number of numerical examples and applications to estimation of the tail index parameter, classification, density and volatility estimation.
Preferential Trading Areas and Multilateralism: Strangers, Friends or Foes?
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Panagariya, Arvind
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics
International relations

description: In this paper we undertake the following tasks: first, having reviewed key concepts and phrases, we extend the "static" analysis of Preferential Trading Areas (PTAs). This enables us to and reject the much-cited claim that it is wrong to worry about trade diversion and that PTAs are generally as good as nonpreferential trade liberalization. Our analysis also gives added insight into why the usual argument made these days that, when countries joining a PTA have large shares of their trade with one another and are thus "natural trading partners," they need not fear losses, is mistaken. Furthermore, it shows why the nonhegemonic countries which are liberalizing with a hegemon which is generally open and offering few new reductions of trade barriers, as is the case with Mexico and with other potential NAFTA members outside of the US and Canada, could face the prospect of significant "static" welfare losses. Next, we turn to the dynamic time-path question. In the policy context, this necessitates our considering arguments as to why a proliferation of PTAs, despite their creating a harmful spaghetti-bowl phenomenon in the world economy, may nonetheless be considered to be beneficial because of their helpful consequences for the progressive freeing of trade and moving the world economy to worldwide free trade. We will systematize the current analytical contributions on this problem and evaluate the current policy developments. We will offer the policy judgment that PTAs which are hegemon-created, as NAFTA is, are not the desirable way to advance the cause of worldwide freeing of trade barriers and that it is better to focus on WTO-centered MFN trade liberalization. By contrast, we will consider intra-developing country, non-hegemon-centered PTAs, such as Mercosur, in a more favorable light.
The Silver Lining of Industrial Decline: Rust Belt Manufacturing's Impact on Particulates
Creators: name: Kahn, Matthew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Reduced industrial activity leads to improved local air quality. Using plant level micro data from the Census of Manufacturers, I explore how county particulate levels vary for counties that feature different manufacturing activity levels and that differ with respect to manufacturing's capital vintage, plant size and SIC industry classification. These estimates are used to simulate the benefits of reduced manufacturing activity. The magnitude of the social benefits of increased local public goods is compared to the aggregate private costs suffered by workers displaced to the low wage service sector.
Extending the Business-to-Business (B2B) model towards a Business-to-Consumer (B2C) model for Telemonitoring Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Creators: name: Grustam, Andrija S.
name: Vrijhoef, Hubertus J.M.
name: Poulikidis, Vasilis
name: Koymans, Ron
name: Severens, Johan L.
Publisher: name: Journal of Business Models
Year: 2019

description: Purpose: We describe and perform an initial evaluation of the extension of the Business-to-Business model to a Business-to-Consumer model for telemonitoring of patients with chronic heart failure.


Design/methodology/approach: We explored the problems in implementation of telemonitoring via the B2B model by means of a root cause analysis, including the 5-whys method to help us understand the shortcomings of the B2B approach, and then the 5W1H method to explore whether the B2C is a better strategy. The extension of the model was executed in the Business Model Generation framework. By using qualitative content analysis techniques, we supported our argumentation with findings from other studies.


Findings: The B2C model is based on the interplay of agents – healthcare provider, equipment manufacturer, payer/regulator and distributor/promotor – all working together to improve patient outcomes. In our opinion, the success of the extended model in telemonitoring CHF patients hinges on two entities – the Telemonitoring center and Telehealth nurses – being repositioned in the out-of-the hospital setting.


Social implications: Penetration of mobile telehealth via B2C model will allow for greater availability, access and equity in healthcare.


Originality/value: We introduced a fourth pillar to the existing B2B model (i.e. distributors and/or promotors). The B2C model we propose might allow for scalability, generalizability and transferability of telemonitoring currently unattained with the B2B model.
description: Journal of Business Models, Vol 6 No 3 (2018): Journal of Business Models
Patent Litigation as an Information Transmission Mechanism
Creators: name: Choi, Jay Pil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics

description: The literature on patent protection assumes a so called "fencepost" system, in which there would be no need to refer to the courts over questions of interpretation. In reality, we observe a myriad of patent infringement suit through which questions of utility, novelty, and nonobviousness are independently ruled on by a court. Therefore, patent litigation accompanying initial imitations can reveal important information about the validity of the contested patents for other potential entrants. This paper explores the implications of such information revelation through patent litigation. It is shown that the payoffs for the patentee and the initial imitator are highly discontinuous in the degree of patent protection. Furthermore, strengthening intellectual property rights is not necessarily desirable for the patentee. The analysis also has implications for interpreting empirical data on imitations lags.
title: New fashion business. - (Creative management thinking ; 3)
Creators: name: Schwarz, Jan Oliver
Publisher: name: Hochschule Fresenius ; Akademie Mode & Design
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: Immeer deutlicher zeigt sich, dass die Modeindustrie nicht nur vor enormen Herausforderungen steht, sondern dass hiermit auch enorme Umbrüche einhergehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund interessiert uns nicht nur die Frage, was diese Herausforderungen sind, sondern auch, wie sie die Modeindustrie verändern. Unter dem Titel New fashion business wollen wir in diesem Band verstehen, welche Veränderungen bedeutsam sind und wie Unternehmen bereits darauf reagieren bzw. wie sie reagieren könnten.
Using participatory urban design for the integration of organic solid waste management with urban agriculture: a case study in the Philippines
Creators: name: Tramhel, Jeannette M.E.
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 131-134
description: Thesis is in colour.
description: Three communities in the Philippines were engaged in a participatory design exercise to develop site plans for the integration of organic waste management with urban agriculture. The Asset Based Community Development ("ABCD") approach was integrated with community consultations and a five-day training course that served both as a structured design charrette and capacity building exercise for a core group of "Community EcoAids" who sub­sequently returned to their communities to spearhead project implementation. The project demonstrated that, because the ABCD approach is consistent with the basic principles of urban design, it is well suited as a participa­tory urban design tool in the development of sustainable cities. Outcome: proposed site design to illustrate integration of organic waste management with urban agriculture Methodology: background research into the regulatory framework for land use and waste management, existing practices of urban agriculture and waste management, technical requirements for the safe use of organic waste; analysis of land form, climate, systems of land tenure, infrastructure and the built form; participatory urban design using Asset Based Community Development to identify assets, opportunities and inform site selection; community consultations and design charrette/training course for capacity building and site design conceptualization; review and evaluation of plans, synthesis, extrapolation, design development; formulation of design recommendations.
Thermodynamical condensation calculations of the dust grains in the out-flowing winds of the dimming Betelgeuse
Creators: name: Gupta, Anuj
name: Sahijpal, Sandeep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stars: individual: Betelgeuse
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: evolution
supergiants

description: Betelgeuse (\(\alpha\) Orionis) is one of the brightest and magnificent stars in the sky owing to its closeness to our solar system. Because it is one of the brightest red supergiant (RSG) stars, it has always been a well observed target to deduce several features such as luminosity, effective temperature, and the evolutionary phases of RSGs. Betelgeuse underwent an unprecedented reduction in its brightness during the period October 2019 to March 2020. This dimming episode made this magnificent star even more attractive. The reduction was estimated to be ~40 per cent of its usual brightness, leading to a speculation that the star is in its last evolutionary stage(s), and it is soon going to explode. However, further observations ruled out this possibility of explosion and the exact reason of this dimming is still an open problem. In the debate of reason of reduction in brightness, either the dust condensation in our line of sight, or the cooling of large portion of the photosphere are considered as the possible explanations for this event. In the present work, we made an attempt to understand the dust condensation sequence and its mass distribution in the vicinity of Betelgeuse. We performed the detailed thermodynamical condensation calculations in the outflowing winds of the Betelgeuse. The calculations include the distinct dust-gas equilibrium as well as non-equilibrium scenarios of dust grain condensation around its cooling envelope. The condensation calculations have provided the nature of dust that could condense in the stellar winds. The dust grains are essentially found to be oxides of Al, Ca, Ti, silicates of Al, Ca, Mg and Fe metal. In addition, we have determined the normalized mass of the dust grains of various compositions that could be present around the star and causing the reduction in its brightness. The dust mass is predicted to be \(\le\)~0.5 per cent of the total gas mass in the localized region of the star falling in our line of sight, if equilibrium prevails. The maximum dust mass is predicted to be in olivine for the silicates and metallic form for iron. The results of this work got published in Monthly Notices of Royal Astronomical Society Letters.
description: {"references": ["Refereed publication, Gupta et al. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa101"]}
Home-based businesses: An Exploration of Business Model
Creators: name: Kapasi, Isla
name: Galloway, Laura
Publisher: name: Journal of Business Models
Year: 2019

description: Purpose


Home-based business (HBB) literature identifies variation in the sector, such as differences in technology use, knowledge capital. It also asserts HBB may have specific value for specific groups of business starters. Despite this diversity, HBB is treated as one conceptualisation, as a single business model. Consequently, our knowledge is based on disparate studies with different research agendas and results are inconsistent and sometimes contradictory. This paper outlines a means by which the heterogeneity of HBB can be revealed via a framework within which diversity might be viewed.




Method


Largely conceptual, this paper draws from a study of 30 HBB owners to test the framework using the business model dimension of in or from home and the distinguishing feature example of knowledge. The empirical work was qualitative, based on interviews.




Findings


We find variation in HBB types and distinct business models, exposing heterogeneity. The framework provides a means by which the reality of HBB may be better revealed.




Value


Value lies in the provision of a means by which we might view the diversity of HBB. Using the framework, different research agendas may be serviced and afford sight of issues that affect HBB as they vary by business model. This is of value for research clarity, and also for informing policy and support of small businesses as the needs of different types of HBB will vary.
description: Journal of Business Models, Vol 6 No 3 (2018): Journal of Business Models
A Characterization Of Cointegration
Creators: name: Dhrymes, Phoebus J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics

description: In this paper we provide a succinct characterization of cointegration and a criterion that leads to a novel, and very simple test for cointegration. We also provide a restatement and proof of the characterizations given in Engle and Granger (1987) (EG), correcting a number of minor errors and misstatements.
The influence of magnetic field orientation on metal mixing in electromagnetic stirring enhanced wire feed laser beam welding
Creators: name: Meng, Xiangmeng
name: Bachmann, Marcel
name: Artinov, Antoni
name: Rethmeier, Michael
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 670 Industrielle Fertigung
subject: laser welding
subject: metal mixing
subject: magnetic field
subject: magnetohydrodynamics
subject: multi-physical modelling

description: The application of the electromagnetic stirring from an oscillating magnetic field can improve the metal mixing in wire feed laser beam welding. However, the extra parameters introduced in this technique make the selection of an optimal combination of process parameters more difficult. In the current study, besides the commonly concerned magnetic flux density and frequency, the influence of the magnetic field orientation (magnetic field angle) on the transport of filler metal is studied numerically and experimentally. Ex-situ X-ray fluorescence spectrometer measurements are used to map the metal mixing in the final weld. A three-dimensional transient multi-physical model is developed to reveal the deeper physical essence, considering the coupling between heat transfer, fluid flow, keyhole dynamics, element transport and magnetohydrodynamics. The spatial distribution of the laser energy on the keyhole wall is calculated by a ray tracing algorithm. The results show that the magnetic field with smaller angle with respect to the transverse direction provides better penetration capacity, and its stirring effect can reach the lower part of the molten pool. Therefore, the smaller magnetic field angle produces better metal mixing. A constant downward flow is formed at the lower part of the molten pool when magnetic field of 10° angle is applied, which brings the filler metal to the root region. As the magnetic field angle increases to 40°, the beneficial downward flow changes into a constant upward flow, resulting in a concentration of the filler metal in the upper region. This study provides further insight of the underlying physics in the electromagnetically enhanced laser beam welding, which may guide the optimization of parameters to achieve property homogeneity or to avoid potential defects.
MPEC 2023-X78 : 2023 XO1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XO1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Careers in international/Asia Pacific business: Perspectives of an experienced Japan hand
Creators: name: Franklin, William E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics

description: "I have been asked to lead a discussion today about careers in international business. There is a Japanese proverb that says, "Rongo yomi no rongo shirazu." Just because you read Confucius does not necessarily mean you understand what he says. Just because I have worked and studied in Asia the past 25 years does not mean I understand everything about Asia. In fact, I spend more time studying about Asia today than when I first moved to Tokyo in 1973."
The rate of cooling of the pulsating white dwarf star G117$-$B15A: a new asteroseismological inference of the axion mass
Creators: name: Córsico, Alejandro H.
name: Althaus, Leandro G.
name: Bertolami, Marcelo M. Miller
name: Romero, Alejandra D.
name: García-Berro, Enrique
name: Isern, Jordi
name: Kepler, S. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a state-of-the-art asteroseismological model of G117-B15A, the archetype of the H-rich atmosphere (DA) white dwarf pulsators (also known as DAV or ZZ Ceti variables), and use the most recently measured value of the rate of period change for the dominant mode of this pulsating star to derive a new constraint on the mass of axion, the still conjectural non-barionic particle considered as candidate for dark matter of the Universe. Assuming that G117-B15A is truly represented by our asteroseismological model, and in particular, that the period of the dominant mode is associated to a pulsation g-mode trapped in the H envelope, we find strong indications of the existence of extra cooling in this star, compatible with emission of axions of mass m_a \cos^2 β= 17.4^{+2.3}_{-2.7} meV.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures and 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Quantum fluids in the Kaehler parametrization
Creators: name: Holender, L.
name: Santos, M. A.
name: Vancea, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we address the problem of the quantization of the perfect relativistic fluids formulated in terms of the Kähler parametrization. This fluid model describes a large set of interesting systems such as the power law energy density fluids, Chaplygin gas, etc. In order to maintain the generality of the model, we apply the BRST method in the reduced phase space in which the fluid degrees of freedom are just the fluid potentials and the fluid current is classically resolved in terms of them. We determine the physical states in this setting, the time evolution and the path integral formulation.
description: 12 pages. Minor typos corrected
On the large magnetic anisotropy of Fe_{2}P
Creators: name: Costa, Marcio
name: Grånäs, Oscar
name: Bergman, Anders
name: Venezuela, Pedro
name: Nordblad, Per
name: Klintenberg, Mattias
name: Eriksson, Olle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an investigation on the large magnetic anisotropy of Fe_{2}P, based on {\it Ab Initio} density-functional theory calculations, with a full potential linear muffin-tin orbital (FP-LMTO) basis. We obtain an uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of 664 μeV/f.u., which is in decent agreement with experimental observations. Based on a band structure analysis the microscopical origin of the large magnetic anisotropy is explained. We also show that by straining the crystal structure, the MAE can be enhanced further.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Short Ballots: Why Mayors are in Charge of So Many Different Things
Creators: name: O'Flaherty, Brendan Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Economics
subject: Municipal government
subject: Mayors

description: When the same group of voters want to have a number of different tasks performed, but can observe performance only imperfectly, the best way to do so is to bundle the tasks together and hold a single agent responsible for them all. Other methods are subject to manipulation. That's why municipalities elect mayors who are responsible for a large number of different functions, rather than separate commissioners for each different function.
Intraindustry Trade and Theory
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Davis, Donald R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics

description: In a recent issue of the Journal of Economic Perspectives, two Stanford graduate students, Joshua Gans and George Shepherd (1993), write about the difficulties that eminent economists had in getting their ideas published in the mainstream professional journals. They focus on papers containing unfamiliar ideas that have yet no resonance for the profession trapped in "conventional wisdom". But they ignore the difficulty that sometimes attends publishing papers that challenge an orthodoxy that is newly established, no matter how penetrating and persuasive the critique is, simply because the challenge is seen as emanating from the "old and obsolete school". This latter has been the fate of John Chipman's important work on intra-industry trade which refuted the new orthodoxy among the younger trade theorists working with models of imperfect competition, that perfectly competitive models could not generate intra-industry trade. Rejected by referees on grounds that Chipman's results were "uninteresting" or "wrong" or "obvious" or attacking "straw men," and published in consequence in volumes and exotic journals, this work remains a major contribution. This festschrift provides an appropriate place and occasion to resurrect that work, put it into context, and to reshape and extend it analytically.
Code and related datasets for pLM4PEP
Creators: name: Yue, Yishan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: 1. pLM4PEP-code

The relevant code for pLM4PEP.

2. miPEPPred-FRL-datasets

The miPEPs datasets are derived from the miPEPPred-FRL (Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 2023, 64 (7), 2889-2900).

3. PredNeuroP-datasets

The neuropeptides datasets are derived from the PredNeuroP (Journal of proteome research, 2020, 19, 3732-3740).

4. BBPpred-datasets

The blood-brain barrier peptides datasets are derived from the BBPpred (Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 2021, 61, 525−534).

5. PredAPP-datasets

The anti-parasitic peptides datasets are derived from the PredAPP (Interdisciplinary Sciences: Computational Life Sciences, 2022, 14, 258–268).
Electrolytic capacitive display
Creators: name: Radel, Jason
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis describes the novel use of an electrolytic capacitor to controllably modulate the optical properties of a surface. The electrically-controlled modulation is achieved using electrodes comprised of carbon nanofoam, a new allotrope of carbon that has an extremely high surface to volume ratio, resulting in a very high capacitance per unit volume which enables the material to attract a significant amount of electrostatic charge, an amount that is much greater than would be the case if the electrodes were not so highly porous. In the display described here, a diffusely reflective porous material, positioned above an interdigital array formed by two carbon nanofoam electrodes, was immersed in an electrolyte solution in which light-absorbing dye ions had been dissolved. When an electrical potential was applied across the electrodes, the capacitor charged and the dye ions were drawn into the pores of the electrodes and therefore drawn out of the bulk solution and porous material, causing the material to become reflective rather than colored. When the applied voltage was removed, the dye ions were able to diffuse out of the nanofoam and redistribute throughout the bulk solution and into the material, causing it to return to its original colored appearance. This effect was shown to be reproducible over many cycles and various experiments were conducted to develop a better understanding of the interaction of the dye ions with the carbon nanofoam electrodes and to understand how these interactions affect the time-course of the response. Potential applications of this technology include low power, high-contrast reflective image display devices, particularly in applications where the visual appearance of ink on paper is required. These so-called “electronic paper” displays are becoming more common in devices such as e-book readers, but the displays that are currently used in these devices are limited in terms of brightness and switching speed. The results of this research indicate that this approach using high capacitance porous electrodes may have application in high contrast reflective display devices.
Financial Markets for Unknown Risks
Creators: name: Chichilnisky, Graciela
name: Heal, Geoffrey M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics

description: An economy faces an unknown individual risk, such as the health effects of recently discovered environmental hazard. Opinions may be widely different about the distribution of risks across the population. We study financial markets that suffice to reach efficient allocations in this situation. The problem is formalized in a general equilibrium economy with incomplete markets for individual and collective uncertainty. We show that ignorance of the probabilities describing individual risk leads to collective risk. Introducing an array of mutual insurance policies and of Arrow securities is shown to lead to Arrow-Debreu competitive allocations. By combining insurance contracts for individual risks and securities markets for collective risks, the proposed institutional framework economizes significantly on the number of markets required for efficiency. The computational complexity of a market equilibrium is reduced from an NP-complete (i.e. intractable) problem to one which depends polynomially on the number of households.
The Great Dimming of Betelgeuse revealed by tomography
Creators: name: Kravchenko, Kateryna
name: Jorissen, Alain
name: Van Eyck, Sophie
name: Merle, Thibault
name: Chiavassa, Andrea
name: Paladini, Claudia
name: Freytag, Bernd
name: Plez, Bertrand
name: Montargès, Miguel
name: Van Winckel, Hans
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stars: individual: Betelgeuse
Stars: mass-loss
Stars: evolution
supergiants

description: Despite being the best studied red supergiant star in our Galaxy, the physics behind the photometric variability and mass loss of Betelgeuse is poorly understood. Moreover, recently the star has experienced an unusual fading with its visual magnitude reaching a historical minimum. We investigate the nature of this event with the help of a recently developed tomographic technique. Tomography allows us to probe different depths in the stellar atmosphere and to recover the corresponding disk-averaged velocity field. We apply the tomographic method to a few-year time-series high-resolution spectroscopic observations of Betelgeuse in order to relate its atmospheric dynamics to the photometric variability. Our results show that a sudden increase of the molecular opacity in the cooler upper atmosphere of Betelgeuse is likely the reason of the observed unusual decrease of the star’s brightness.
description: {"references": ["Refereed publication: Kravchenko et al. 2021, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039801"]}