cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: low-mass proto-planetary discs from a SCUBA-2 census of NGC1333
Creators: name: Dodds, P.
name: Greaves, J.
name: Scholz, A.
name: Hatchell, J.
name: Holland, W. S.
name: Team, JCMT Gould Belt Survey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC1333 is a 1-2 Myr old cluster of stars in the Perseus molecular cloud. We used 850mu data from the Gould Belt Survey with SCUBA-2 on the JCMT to measure or place limits on disc masses for 82 Class II sources in this cluster. Eight disc-candidates were detected; one is estimated to have mass of about 9 Jupiter masses in dust plus gas, while the others host only 2-4 Jupiter masses of circumstellar material. None of these discs exceeds the threshold for the 'Minimum Mass Solar Nebula' (MMSN). This reinforces previous claims that only a small fraction of Class II sources at an age of 1-2 Myr has discs exceeding the MMSN threshold and thus can form a planetary system like our own. However, other regions with similarly low fractions of MMSN discs (IC348, UpSco, SigmaOri) are thought to be older than NGC1333. Compared with coeval regions, the exceptionally low fraction of massive discs in NGC1333 cannot easily be explained by the effects of UV radiation or stellar encounters. Our results indicate that additional environmental factors significantly affect disc evolution and the outcome of planet formation by core accretion.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, MNRAS in press
Medical management of cerebral edema in large hemispheric infarcts
Creators: name: DeHoff, Grace
name: Lau, Winnie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Acute ischemic stroke confers a high burden of morbidity and mortality globally. Occlusion of large vessels of the anterior circulation, namely the intracranial carotid artery and middle cerebral artery, can result in large hemispheric stroke in ~8% of these patients. Edema from stroke can result in a cascade effect leading to local compression of capillary perfusion, increased stroke burden, elevated intracranial pressure, herniation and death. Mortality from large hemispheric stroke is generally high and surgical intervention may reduce mortality and improve good outcomes in select patients. For those patients who are not eligible candidates for surgical decompression either due timing, medical co-morbidities, or patient and family preferences, the mainstay of medical management for cerebral edema is hyperosmolar therapy. Other neuroprotectants for cerebral edema such as glibenclamide are under investigation. This review will discuss current guidelines and evidence for medical management of cerebral edema in large hemispheric stroke as well as discuss important neuromonitoring and critical care management targeted at reducing morbidity and mortality for these patients.
The Pipeline for the Continuous Development of Artificial Intelligence Models -- Current State of Research and Practice
Creators: name: Steidl, Monika
name: Felderer, Michael
name: Ramler, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Companies struggle to continuously develop and deploy AI models to complex production systems due to AI characteristics while assuring quality. To ease the development process, continuous pipelines for AI have become an active research area where consolidated and in-depth analysis regarding the terminology, triggers, tasks, and challenges is required. This paper includes a Multivocal Literature Review where we consolidated 151 relevant formal and informal sources. In addition, nine-semi structured interviews with participants from academia and industry verified and extended the obtained information. Based on these sources, this paper provides and compares terminologies for DevOps and CI/CD for AI, MLOps, (end-to-end) lifecycle management, and CD4ML. Furthermore, the paper provides an aggregated list of potential triggers for reiterating the pipeline, such as alert systems or schedules. In addition, this work uses a taxonomy creation strategy to present a consolidated pipeline comprising tasks regarding the continuous development of AI. This pipeline consists of four stages: Data Handling, Model Learning, Software Development and System Operations. Moreover, we map challenges regarding pipeline implementation, adaption, and usage for the continuous development of AI to these four stages.
description: accepted in the Journal Systems and Software
Editorial: Weakly supervised deep learning-based methods for brain image analysis
Creators: name: Zhu, Hancan
name: Tang, Zhenyu
name: Liu, Mingxia
name: Wang, Shuai
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: In recent years, deep learning-based methods have been widely used in the fields of brain image analysis and achieved excellent performance in many tasks, including image segmentation, image reconstruction, and disease classification (Shen et al., 2017). Most of the existing deep learning-based methods rely on large-scale datasets with highquality full annotations. However, it is usually time-consuming and requires rich expert experience to acquire such data. Moreover, because of individual differences in observer experience and understanding, large-scale and full annotated datasets may suffer from large intra- and inter-observer variability, which could hinder their application in brain image analysis. In contrast, weak yet low-cost annotations (such as coarse annotations, partial annotations, or small sample annotations) are much easier to collect than high-quality full detailed annotations. As a result, there is a strong desire for innovative deep learning-based methodologies that can efficiently learn from weakly-annotated data and achieve competitive performance compared with using full annotation data (Campanella et al., 2019).
Additional file 1 of Synthetic β-sheets mimicking fibrillar and oligomeric structures for evaluation of spectral X-ray scattering technique for biomarker quantification
Creators: name: Suresh, Karthika
name: Dahal, Eshan
name: Badano, Aldo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. IR spectra deconvolution protocol. Figure S2. Zeta potential of LGAB and BSA as a function of solution pH. Figure S3. FTIR spectra of LGAB dissolved in pH2 at different concentrations varying from 0.1- 3 wt.%. Figure S4. FTIR spectra of LGAB-pH 2 solutions heated at 90 °C for 12 h and 45 °C for 13 days. Table S1. Values of the X-ray mass attenuation coefficients ( $${\mu }_{m}$$ μ m , eq. S1) as a function of photon energy for PMMA and brain tissue. Figure S5. Photographs of (a) BSA and (b) LGAB oligomers blended with PMMA powder. Figure S6. sSAXS spectra of PMMA/BSA (a-c) and PMMA/LGAB (d-f) blends with oligomer/PMMA proportions (a, d) 0.8/0.2 (b, e) 0.6/0.4 (c, f) 0.2/0.8. Figure S7. Area under the peak of $$q=13.1 {nm}^{-1}$$ q = 13.1 nm - 1 ( $${AUP}_{q=13.1 {nm}^{-1}}$$ AUP q = 13.1 nm - 1 ) as a function of oligomer weight fraction ( $${\phi }_{oligomer}$$ ϕ oligomer ) for BSA and LGAB. Figure S8. Variation of area under the peak (AUP) of $$q=13.1 {nm}^{-1}$$ q = 13.1 nm - 1 with BSA target thickness and volume. Figure S9. Photographs of changing the BSA packing density by varying the compressive strain. Figure S10. Variation of BSA oligomer peaks full width half maximum (FWHM) and peak height of inter and intra β-sheet peaks of BSA-AR oligomer.
The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Palliative Care Services in Malaysia
Creators: name: Lim, Wei Yin
name: Wong, Wen Jun
name: Teoh, Cindy Cy Oun
name: Jivanadham, Jaishree Sharmini
name: Yeat, Choi Ling
name: Hashim, Hasriza
name: Hwong, Wen Yea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: COVID-19 pandemic
lockdown
palliative care
interrupted time series

description: The COVID-19 global pandemic has caused huge disruption to health system. These findings aim to highlight the immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 breakdown on palliative care services at the national level and the institutional level, and suggest lessons for future outbreaks.
X-ray Evidence for a Pole-Dominated Corona on AB Dor
Creators: name: Drake, Jeremy J.
name: Chung, Sun Mi
name: Kashyap, Vinay L.
name: Garcia-Alvarez, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fine analysis of spectral line widths and Doppler shifts employing Fourier transform and cross-correlation techniques has been applied to Chandra HETG spectra obtained in 1999 October of the rapidly rotating young star AB Doradus in order to investigate its coronal topology. The observation lasted 52.3ks, covering 1.2 rotation periods. The X-ray light curve obtained from integrating the dispersed signal revealed a moderate intensity flare midway through the exposure in which the count rate increased sharply by about 50% and subsequently decayed over the next 10ks. We find no significant Doppler shifts in the spectra or modulation of the light curve that could be attributed to rotation of dominant coronal structures at this epoch. Individual spectral line widths are statistically consistent with thermal broadening and formally require no rotational broadening, while the $1σ$ limit to rotational broadening corresponds to a compact corona restricted to latitudes $>57°$. Fourier analysis suggests a small amount of rotational broadening is present consistent with a corona restricted largely to the poles, and excludes models with surface rotational broadening or greater. These results present direct spectroscopic evidence that the dominant coronal activity on rapidly-rotating active stars is associated with the dark polar spots commonly seen in photospheric Doppler images, and support models in which these spots are of mixed magnetic polarity that forms closed loops.
description: To appear in the Astrophysical Journal
Analisa Esensi Belajar dalam Islam
Creators: name: Zebua, Rony Sandra Yofa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Adab Belajar
Belajar Menurut Ahli
Belajar Menurut Al Quran
Belajar Menurut Hadits
Belajar Menurut Ulama
Educational Foundation
Hikmah Belajar
Kedudukan Belajar
Keutamaan Belajar
Landasan Pendidikan
Metode Belajar
Prinsip Belajar

description: Belajar merupakan suatu usaha yang mendasar atau fundamental dalam merubah dan meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas dirinya atau yang didiknya, baik dalam tingkah laku, pola pikir, pengetahuan, keterampilan dan berbagai bidang lainnya yang berkaitan dengan kehidupannya sebagai makluk individu sekaligus sebagai makhluk sosial, yang terjadi akibat melakukan interaksi secara terus menerus yang dapat berasal dari pembinaan, bacaan atau pengetahuan, pengamatan, aktivitas fisik, pengalaman dan yang lainnya.
Nichtverbales Verhalten sozialer Roboter: Bewegungen, deren Bedeutung und die Technik dahinter
Creators: name: Janowski, Kathrin
name: André, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nichtverbale Signale sind ein elementarer Bestandteil der menschlichen Kommunikation. Sie erfüllen eine Vielzahl von Funktionen bei der Klärung von Mehrdeutigkeiten, der subtilen Aushandlung von Rollen oder dem Ausdruck dessen, was im Inneren der Gesprächspartner vorgeht. Viele Studien mit sozial-interaktiven Robotern zeigen, dass vom Menschen inspirierte Bewegungsmuster ähnlich interpretiert werden wie die von realen Personen. Dieses Kapitel erläutert daher die wichtigsten Funktionen, welche die jeweiligen Bewegungsmuster in der Kommunikation erfüllen, und gibt einen Überblick darüber, wie sie auf Roboter übertragen werden können. -- Non-verbal signals are a fundamental part of human communication. They serve a variety of functions in clarifying ambiguities, subtly negotiating roles, or expressing what is going on inside the interlocutors. Many studies with socially-interactive robots show that human-inspired movement patterns are interpreted similarly to those of real people. This chapter therefore explains the most important functions that the respective movement patterns fulfill in communication and gives an overview of how they can be transferred to robots.
description: 12 pages, in German language, 4 figures
Unraveling the evolution of hot Jupiter systems under the effect of tidal and magnetic interactions and mass loss
Creators: name: Lazovik, Yaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various interactions affect the population of close-in planets. Among them, the tidal and magnetic interactions drive orbital decay and star-planet angular momentum exchange, leading to stellar spin-up. As a result of the above processes, a planet may initiate the mass transfer to the host star once it encounters the Roche limit. Another mechanism providing substantial mass loss is associated with the atmospheric escape caused by photoevaporation followed by orbital expansion, which is thought to be important for hot Neptunes and super-Earths. Thus, the fraction of the initial number of hot Jupiters may transform into lower-mass planets through the Roche-lobe overflow (RLO) phase and continue secular evolution under the effect of photoevaporation. In the present paper, we compile the latest prescriptions for tidal and magnetic migration and mass-loss rates to explore the dynamics of hot Jupiter systems. We study how the implemented interactions shape the orbital architecture of Jovian planets and whether their impact is enough to reproduce the observational sample. Our models suggest that the tidal interaction is able to generate the upper boundary of the hot Jupiter population in the mass-separation diagram. To recreate the sub-Jovian desert, we need to make additional assumptions regarding the RLO phase or the influence of the protoplanetary disc's inner edge on the initial planetary location. According to our estimates, 12-15% of hot Jupiters around solar-mass stars have been engulfed or become lower-mass planets. 0.20-0.25% of the present-day giant planet population undergoes decay intense enough to be detected with modern facilities.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Number of Matchings of Low Order in (4,6)-Fullerene Graphs
Creators: name: Wei, Zhi-Feng
name: Zhang, Heping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C30

description: We obtain the formulae for the numbers of 4-matchings and 5-matchings in terms of the number of hexagonal faces in (4, 6)-fullerene graphs by studying structural classification of 6-cycles and some local structural properties, which correct the corresponding wrong results published. Furthermore, we obtain a formula for the number of 6-matchings in tubular (4, 6)-fullerenes in terms of the number of hexagonal faces, and a formula for the number of 6-matchings in the other (4,6)-fullerenes in terms of the numbers of hexagonal faces and dual-squares.
description: This article was already published in 2017 in MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. We are uploading it to arXiv for readers' convenience
Charged elastic rings: deformation and dynamics
Creators: name: Yao, Zhenwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the counter-intuitive instability of charged elastic rings, and the persistence of sinusoidal deformations in the lowest-energy configurations by the combination of high-precision numerical simulations and analytical perturbation calculation. We also study the dynamical evolution of the charged ring under random disturbance, and reveal the modulation of the dominant frequencies by the electrostatic force. The purely mechanical analysis of the classical ring system presented in this work yields insights into the subtlety of long-range forces in the organization and dynamics of matter.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Supplementary document for Wavefront sensing with optical differentiation powered by deep learning - 7172786.pdf
Creators: name: Swain, Biswa Ranjan
name: Qadeer, M. Akif
name: Dorrer, Christophe
name: Narayanan, Renuka Manjula
name: Rolland, Jannick
name: Qiao, Jie
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document
Electron vortex magnetic holes: a nonlinear coherent plasma structure
Creators: name: Haynes, Christopher T.
name: Burgess, David
name: Camporeale, Enrico
name: Sundberg, Torbjorn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the properties of a novel type of sub-proton scale magnetic hole found in two dimensional PIC simulations of decaying turbulence with a guide field. The simulations were performed with a realistic value for ion to electron mass ratio. These structures, electron vortex magnetic holes (EVMHs), have circular cross-section. The magnetic field depression is associated with a diamagnetic azimuthal current provided by a population of trapped electrons in petal-like orbits. The trapped electron population provides a mean azimuthal velocity and since trapping preferentially selects high pitch angles, a perpendicular temperature anisotropy. The structures arise out of initial perturbations in the course of the turbulent evolution of the plasma, and are stable over at least 100 electron gyroperiods. We have verified the model for the EVMH by carrying out test particle and PIC simulations of isolated structures in a uniform plasma. It is found that (quasi-)stable structures can be formed provided that there is some initial perpendicular temperature anisotropy at the structure location. The properties of these structures (scale size, trapped population etc.) are able to explain the observed properties of magnetic holes in the terrestrial plasma sheet. EVMHs may also contribute to turbulence properties, such as intermittency, at short scale lengths in other astrophysical plasmas.
description: Accepted by Physics of Plasmas
Fast-forward adiabatic quantum dynamics of XY spin model on three spin system
Creators: name: Setiawan, Iwan
name: Ekawita, Riska
name: Sugihakim, Ryan
name: Gunara, Bobby Eka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discussed a method to accelerate an adiabatic quantum dynamics of XY spin model by using the fast-forward method proposed by Masuda and Nakamura. The Accelerated scheme is constructed by adding the driving Hamiltonian to the original Hamiltonian and speeding it up with a large time-scaling factor and an adiabatic parameter that realizes adiabatic quantum dynamics in a shortened time. Accelerated adiabatic dynamics start by assuming the candidate of driving Hamiltonian consists of the pair-wise exchange interaction and magnetic field. The driving Hamiltonian terms multiplied by the velocity function together with the original Hamiltonian give fast-forward driving for adiabatic states. We apply our method to XY spin model by considering three spin systems on the Kagome lattice. In this model, we obtained the XY pair-wise exchange interaction of nearest neighbors and next-nearest neighbors should be added to the original Hamiltonian as a driving interaction to accelerate the adiabatic motion. This pair-wise driving interaction in the fast-forward scheme guarantees the complete fidelity of accelerated states.
Collective dynamics and shattering of disturbed two-dimensional Lennard-Jones crystals
Creators: name: Yao, Zhenwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elucidating collective dynamics in crystalline systems is a common scientific question in multiple fields. In this work, by combination of high-precision numerical approach and analytical normal mode analysis, we systematically investigate the dynamical response of two-dimensional Lennard-Jones crystal as a purely classical mechanical system under random disturbance of varying strength, and reveal rich microscopic dynamics. Specifically, we observe highly symmetric velocity field composed of sharply divided coherent and disordered regions, and identify the order-disorder dynamical transition of the velocity field. Under stronger disturbance, we reveal the vacancy-driven shattering of the crystal. This featured disruption mode is fundamentally different from the dislocation-unbinding scenario in two-dimensional melting. We also examine the healing dynamics associated with vacancies of varying size. The results in this work advance our understanding about the formation of collective dynamics and crystal disruption, and may have implications in elucidating relevant non-equilibrium behaviors in a host of crystalline systems.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Tailoring implementation strategies for scale-up: Preparing to take the Med-South Lifestyle program to scale statewide
Creators: name: Leeman, Jennifer
name: Samuel-Hodge, Carmen
name: Lyons, Kiira
name: Draeger, Lindy B.
name: Pham, Lisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background Tailoring implementation strategies for scale-up involves engaging stakeholders, identifying implementation determinants, and designing implementation strategies to target those determinants. The purpose of this paper is to describe the multiphase process used to engage stakeholders in tailoring strategies to scale-up the Med-South Lifestyle Program, a research-supported lifestyle behavior change intervention that translates the Mediterranean dietary pattern for the southeastern US. Methods Guided by Barker et al. framework, we tailored scale-up strategies over four-phases. In Phase 1, we engaged stakeholders from delivery systems that implement lifestyle interventions and from support systems that provide training and other support for statewide scale-up. In Phase 2, we partnered with delivery systems (community health centers and health departments) to design and pilot test implementation strategies (2014–2019). In Phase 3, we partnered with both delivery and support systems to tailor Phase 2 strategies for scale-up (2019–2021) and are now testing those tailored strategies in a type 3 hybrid study (2021–2023). This paper reports on the Phase 3 methods used to tailor implementation strategies for scale-up. To identify determinants of scale-up, we surveyed North Carolina delivery systems (n = 114 community health centers and health departments) and elicited input from delivery and support system stakeholders. We tailored strategies to address identified determinants by adapting the form of Phase 2 strategies while retaining their functions. We pilot tested strategies in three sites and collected data on intermediate, implementation, and effectiveness outcomes. Findings Determinants of scale-up included limited staffing, competing priorities, and safety concerns during COVID-19, among others. Tailoring yielded two levels of implementation strategies. At the level of the delivery system, strategies included implementation teams, an implementation blueprint, and cyclical small tests of change. At the level of the support system, strategies included training, educational materials, quality monitoring, and technical assistance. Findings from the pilot study provide evidence for the implementation strategies' reach, acceptability, and feasibility, with mixed findings on fidelity. Strategies were only moderately successful at building delivery system capacity to implement Med-South. Conclusions This paper describes the multiphase approach used to plan for Med-South scale-up, including the methods used to tailor two-levels of implementation strategies by identifying and targeting multilevel determinants.
Robust Decentralized Detection and Social Learning in Tandem Networks
Creators: name: Ho, Jack
name: Tay, Wee Peng
name: Quek, Tony Q. S.
name: Chong, Edwin K. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study a tandem of agents who make decisions about an underlying binary hypothesis, where the distribution of the agent observations under each hypothesis comes from an uncertainty class. We investigate both decentralized detection rules, where agents collaborate to minimize the error probability of the final agent, and social learning rules, where each agent minimizes its own local minimax error probability. We then extend our results to the infinite tandem network, and derive necessary and sufficient conditions on the uncertainty classes for the minimax error probability to converge to zero when agents know their positions in the tandem. On the other hand, when agents do not know their positions in the network, we study the cases where agents collaborate to minimize the asymptotic minimax error probability, and where agents seek to minimize their worst-case minimax error probability (over all possible positions in the tandem). We show that asymptotic learning of the true hypothesis is no longer possible in these cases, and derive characterizations for the minimax error performance.
CONVINCIAMO I GLOBULI BIANCHI RIBELLI A DIVENTARE ADULTI?
Creators: name: Vigato, Chiara
name: Pippione, Agnese Chiara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: globuli bianchi, leucemia

description: Luca ha otto anni e, nel suo sangue, tutte le cellule lavorano con cura svolgendo il proprio compito. I globuli rossi, le cellule più numerose del sangue, trasportano l’ossigeno respirato da Luca a tutte le parti del suo corpo. Le piastrine, più piccoline, ma scattanti, sono pronte per curare piccole e grandi ferite, per esempio le sbucciature alle ginocchia che Luca si è procurato giocando al parco. Tutto ciò accade sotto l’occhio attento dei globuli bianchi adulti, le cellule guardiane del corpo umano, che controllano che nessun batterio o virus entri in questo piccolo mondo per disturbarne l’equilibrio. Luca, come tutti i bambini, non si accorge di tutto questo e trascorre le sue tranquille giornate a scuola
Morphological, physiological, and transcriptional responses of the freshwater diatom Fragilaria crotonensis to elevated pH conditions
Creators: name: Wilhelm, Steven W.
name: Truchon, Alexander R.
name: Paerl, Hans W.
name: Stark, Gwendolyn F.
name: Martin, Robbie M.
name: Rossignol, Karen L.
name: Niknejad, David J.
name: Zepernick, Brittany N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by the toxin-producing cyanobacteria Microcystis spp., can increase water column pH. While the effect(s) of these basified conditions on the bloom formers are a high research priority, how these pH shifts affect other biota remains understudied. Recently, it was shown these high pH levels decrease growth and Si deposition rates in the freshwater diatom Fragilaria crotonensis and natural Lake Erie (Canada-US) diatom populations. However, the physiological mechanisms and transcriptional responses of diatoms associated with these observations remain to be documented. Here, we examined F. crotonensis with a set of morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic tools to identify cellular responses to high pH. We suggest 2 potential mechanisms that may contribute to morphological and physiological pH effects observed in F. crotonensis. Moreover, we identified a significant upregulation of mobile genetic elements in the F. crotonensis genome which appear to be an extreme transcriptional response to this abiotic stress to enhance cellular evolution rates–a process we have termed “genomic roulette.” We discuss the ecological and biogeochemical effects high pH conditions impose on fresh waters and suggest a means by which freshwater diatoms such as F. crotonensis may evade high pH stress to survive in a “basified” future.
Discovering explicit Reynolds-averaged turbulence closures for turbulent separated flows through deep learning-based symbolic regression with non-linear corrections
Creators: name: Tang, Hongwei
name: Wang, Yan
name: Wang, Tongguang
name: Tian, Linlin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work introduces a novel data-driven framework to formulate explicit algebraic Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence closures. Recent years have witnessed a blossom in applying machine learning (ML) methods to revolutionize the paradigm of turbulence modeling. However, due to the black-box essence of most ML methods, it is currently hard to extract interpretable information and knowledge from data-driven models. To address this critical limitation, this work leverages deep learning with symbolic regression methods to discover hidden governing equations of Reynolds stress models. Specifically, the Reynolds stress tensor is decomposed into linear and non-linear parts. While the linear part is taken as the regular linear eddy viscosity model, a long short-term memory neural network is employed to generate symbolic terms on which tractable mathematical expressions for the non-linear counterpart are built. A novel reinforcement learning algorithm is employed to train the neural network to produce best-fitted symbolic expressions. Within the proposed framework, the Reynolds stress closure is explicitly expressed in algebraic forms, thus allowing for direct functional inference. On the other hand, the Galilean and rotational invariance are craftily respected by constructing the training feature space with independent invariants and tensor basis functions. The performance of the present methodology is validated through numerical simulations of three different canonical flows that deviate in geometrical configurations. The results demonstrate promising accuracy improvements over traditional RANS models, showing the generalization ability of the proposed method. Moreover, with the given explicit model equations, it can be easier to interpret the influence of input features on generated models.
Towards Scene Understanding with Detailed 3D Object Representations
Creators: name: Zia, M. Zeeshan
name: Stark, Michael
name: Schindler, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current approaches to semantic image and scene understanding typically employ rather simple object representations such as 2D or 3D bounding boxes. While such coarse models are robust and allow for reliable object detection, they discard much of the information about objects' 3D shape and pose, and thus do not lend themselves well to higher-level reasoning. Here, we propose to base scene understanding on a high-resolution object representation. An object class - in our case cars - is modeled as a deformable 3D wireframe, which enables fine-grained modeling at the level of individual vertices and faces. We augment that model to explicitly include vertex-level occlusion, and embed all instances in a common coordinate frame, in order to infer and exploit object-object interactions. Specifically, from a single view we jointly estimate the shapes and poses of multiple objects in a common 3D frame. A ground plane in that frame is estimated by consensus among different objects, which significantly stabilizes monocular 3D pose estimation. The fine-grained model, in conjunction with the explicit 3D scene model, further allows one to infer part-level occlusions between the modeled objects, as well as occlusions by other, unmodeled scene elements. To demonstrate the benefits of such detailed object class models in the context of scene understanding we systematically evaluate our approach on the challenging KITTI street scene dataset. The experiments show that the model's ability to utilize image evidence at the level of individual parts improves monocular 3D pose estimation w.r.t. both location and (continuous) viewpoint.
description: International Journal of Computer Vision (appeared online on 4 November 2014). Online version: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11263-014-0780-y
Dynamic changes in network synchrony reveal resting-state functional networks
Creators: name: Vuksanović, Vesna
name: Hövel, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Experimental fMRI studies have shown that spontaneous brain activity i.e. in the absence of any external input, exhibit complex spatial and temporal patterns of co-activity between segregated brain regions. These so-called large-scale resting-state functional connectivity networks represent dynamically organized neural assemblies interacting with each other in a complex way. It has been suggested that looking at the dynamical properties of complex patterns of brain functional co-activity may reveal neural mechanisms underlying the dynamic changes in functional interactions. Here, we examine how global network dynamics is shaped by different network configurations, derived from realistic brain functional interactions. We focus on two main dynamics measures: synchrony and variations in synchrony. Neural activity and the inferred hemodynamic response of the network nodes are simulated using system of 90 FitzHugh-Nagumo neural models subject to system noise and time-delayed interactions. These models are embedded into the topology of the complex brain functional interactions, whose architecture is additionally reduced to its main structural pathways. In the simulated functional networks, patterns of correlated regional activity clearly arise from dynamical properties that maximize synchrony and variations in synchrony. Our results on the fast changes of the level of the network synchrony also show how flexible changes in the large-scale network dynamics could be.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
A Graph Theoretic Approach for Object Shape Representation in Compositional Hierarchies Using a Hybrid Generative-Descriptive Model
Creators: name: Aktas, Umit Rusen
name: Ozay, Mete
name: Leonardis, Ales
name: Wyatt, Jeremy L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A graph theoretic approach is proposed for object shape representation in a hierarchical compositional architecture called Compositional Hierarchy of Parts (CHOP). In the proposed approach, vocabulary learning is performed using a hybrid generative-descriptive model. First, statistical relationships between parts are learned using a Minimum Conditional Entropy Clustering algorithm. Then, selection of descriptive parts is defined as a frequent subgraph discovery problem, and solved using a Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle. Finally, part compositions are constructed by compressing the internal data representation with discovered substructures. Shape representation and computational complexity properties of the proposed approach and algorithms are examined using six benchmark two-dimensional shape image datasets. Experiments show that CHOP can employ part shareability and indexing mechanisms for fast inference of part compositions using learned shape vocabularies. Additionally, CHOP provides better shape retrieval performance than the state-of-the-art shape retrieval methods.
description: Paper : 17 pages. 13th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV 2014), Zurich, Switzerland, September 6-12, 2014, Proceedings, Part III, pp 566-581. Supplementary material can be downloaded from http://link.springer.com/content/esm/chp:10.1007/978-3-319-10578-9_37/file/MediaObjects/978-3-319-10578-9_37_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
Achieving Autonomous Compressive Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios
Creators: name: Jiang, Jing
name: Sun, Hongjian
name: Baglee, David
name: Poor, H. Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Compressive sensing (CS) technologies present many advantages over other existing approaches for implementing wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radios (CRs), such as reduced sampling rate and computational complexity. However, there are two significant challenges: 1) choosing an appropriate number of sub-Nyquist measurements, and 2) deciding when to terminate the greedy recovery algorithm that reconstructs wideband spectrum. In this paper, an autonomous compressive spectrum sensing (ACSS) framework is presented that enables a CR to automatically choose the number of measurements while guaranteeing the wideband spectrum recovery with a small predictable recovery error. This is realized by the proposed measurement infrastructure and the validation technique. The proposed ACSS can find a good spectral estimate with high confidence by using only a small testing subset in both noiseless and noisy environments. Furthermore, a sparsity-aware spectral recovery algorithm is proposed to recover the wideband spectrum without requiring knowledge of the instantaneous spectral sparsity level. Such an algorithm bridges the gap between CS theory and practical spectrum sensing. Simulation results show that ACSS can not only recover the spectrum using an appropriate number of measurements, but can also considerably improve the spectral recovery performance compared with existing CS approaches. The proposed recovery algorithm can autonomously adopt a proper number of iterations, therefore solving the problems of under-fitting or over-fitting which commonly exist in most greedy recovery algorithms.
description: This paper is accepted by IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2015. The detail will be updated soon
Intervalence Charge Transfer Luminescence: Interplay between anomalous and 5d-4f emissions in Yb-doped fluorite-type crystals
Creators: name: Barandiaran, Zoila
name: Seijo, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the existence of intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) luminescence in Yb-doped fluorites associated with Yb2+-Yb3+ mixed valence pairs. We show that the very broad band, anomalous emission of Yb2+-doped CaF2 and SrF2, usually associated with impurity-trapped excitons, is, rather, an IVCT luminescence associated with Yb2+-Yb3+ mixed valence pairs. It is very efficiently excited by a two-photon upconversion mechanism. The IVCT vertical transition leaves the pair moieties very far from their equilibrium structures; this explains the unexpectedly large band width of the emission band and its low peak energy, because the large reorganization energies are substracted from the normal emission. The ab initio IVCT energy diagrams explain the different luminescent properties of Yb-doped CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, and SrCl2: the presence of IVCT luminescence in Yb-doped CaF2 and SrF2; its coexistence with regular 5d-4f emission in SrF2; its absence in BaF2 and SrCl2; the quenching of all emissions in BaF2; and the presence of additional 5d-4f emissions in SrCl2 which are absent in SrF2. They also allow to interpret and reproduce recent experiments on transient photoluminescence enhancement in Yb2+-doped CaF2 and SrF2, the appearence of Yb2+ 4f -5d absorption bands in the excitation spectra of the IR Yb3+ emission in partly reduced CaF2:Yb3+ samples, and to identify the broad band observed in the excitation spectrum of the so far called anomalous emission of SrF2:Yb2+ as an IVCT absorption, which corresponds to an Yb2+ 4f5/2 -> Yb3+ 4f7/2 electron transfer.
description: Accepted in J. Chem. Phys
Weiterbildungskonzept  "OER-Zertifikat von fnma der TU Graz für BNE-Teilnehmer:innen"  für Personen, die ab 2022 an der OER-Weiterbildung der TU Graz im Rahmen des Kursprogramms "Bildung für Nachhaltige Entwicklung" (BNE) teilnehmen
Creators: name: Ebner, Martin
Publisher: name: Graz University of Technology
Year: 2023

description: Dies ist das Weiterbildungskonzept "OER-Zertifikat von fnma der TU Graz für BNE-Teilnehmer:innen" für Personen, die ab 2022 an der OER-Weiterbildung der TU Graz im Rahmen des Kursprogramms "Bildung für Nachhaltige Entwicklung" (BNE) teilnehmen. Es handelt sich dabei um ein akkreditiertes Weiterbildungskonzept für das OER-Zertifikat  "OER Practitioner | OER-Praktiker:in" von fnma (W-2023-03).
Pressure-induced superconductivity in quasi-one-dimensional semimetal $\mathrm{Ta}_2 \mathrm{PdSe}_6$
Creators: name: Yang, Haiyang
name: Zhou, Yonghui
name: Li, Liangyu
name: Chen, Zheng
name: Zhang, Zhuyi
name: Wang, Shuyang
name: Wang, Jing
name: Chen, Xuliang
name: An, Chao
name: Zhou, Ying
name: Zhang, Min
name: Zhang, Ranran
name: Zhu, Xiangde
name: Zhang, Lili
name: Yang, Xiaoping
name: Yang, Zhaorong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report the discovery of pressure-induced superconductivity in quasi-one-dimensional $\mathrm{Ta}_2 \mathrm{PdSe}_6$, through a combination of electrical transport, synchrotron x-ray diffraction, and theoretical calculations. Our transport measurements show that the superconductivity appears at a critical pressure $P_{\mathrm{c}} \sim 18.3$ GPa and is robust upon further compression up to $62.6$ GPa. The estimated upper critical field $μ_0 H_{\mathrm{c} 2}(0)$ in the pressurized $\mathrm{Ta}_2 \mathrm{PdSe}_6$ is much lower than the Pauli limiting field, in contrast to the case in its isostructural analogs $M_2 \mathrm{Pd}_{\mathrm{x}} X_5$ $(M=\mathrm{Nb}$, Ta; $X=\mathrm{S}, \mathrm{Se})$. Concomitant with the occurrence of superconductivity, anomalies in pressuredependent transport properties are observed, including sign reversal of Hall coefficient, abnormally enhanced resistance, and dramatically suppressed magnetoresistance. Meanwhile, room-temperature synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments reveal the stability of the pristine monoclinic structure (space group $C 2 / m$ ) upon compression. Combined with the density functional theory calculations, we argue that a pressure-induced Lifshitz transition could be the electronic origin of the emergent superconductivity in $\mathrm{Ta}_2 \mathrm{PdSe}_6$.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Effects of dissipation on the superfluid-Mott-insulator transition of photons
Creators: name: de Leeuw, A. -W.
name: Onishchenko, O.
name: Duine, R. A.
name: Stoof, H. T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the superfluid-Mott-insulator transition of a two-dimensional photon gas in a dye-filled optical microcavity and in the presence of a periodic potential. We show that in the random-phase approximation the effects of the dye molecules, which generally lead to dissipation in the photonic system, can be captured by two dimensionless parameters that only depend on dye-specific properties. Within the mean-field approximation, we demonstrate that one of these parameters decreases the size of the Mott lobes in the phase diagram. By considering also Gaussian fluctuations, we show that the coupling with the dye molecules results in a finite lifetime of the quasiparticle and quasihole excitations in the Mott lobes. Moreover, we show that there are number fluctuations in the Mott lobes even at zero temperature and therefore that the true Mott-insulating state never exists if the interactions with the dye are included.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Editorial: The development of the oral microbiome in children
Creators: name: Drake, David Ray
name: Pussinen, Pirkko
name: Modesto Vieira, Adriana
name: Ribeiro, Apoena
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: We now know that the oral microbiome is pivotal in the development of oral diseases, including oral cancer. We have witnessed an explosion of literature on the oral microbiome in adults and the role it plays in oral and systemic health. We have evidence of the stability of the oral microbiome in adults and how it reacts to internal and external stimuli. However, little is known about how the oral microbiome develops in children and changes over time as a child ages.
Unsupervised Segmentation of Multispectral Images with Cellular Automata
Creators: name: Torres, Wuilian
name: Rueda-Toicen, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multispectral images acquired by satellites are used to study phenomena on the Earth's surface. Unsupervised classification techniques analyze multispectral image content without considering prior knowledge of the observed terrain; this is done using techniques which group pixels that have similar statistics of digital level distribution in the various image channels. In this paper, we propose a methodology for unsupervised classification based on a deterministic cellular automaton. The automaton is initialized in an unsupervised manner by setting seed cells, selected according to two criteria: to be representative of the spatial distribution of the dominant elements in the image, and to take into account the diversity of spectral signatures in the image. The automaton's evolution is based on an attack rule that is applied simultaneously to all its cells. Among the noteworthy advantages of deterministic cellular automata for multispectral processing of satellite imagery is the consideration of topological information in the image via seed positioning, and the ability to modify the scale of the study.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, conference: CIMENICS XII, 2014
A note on the shameful conjecture
Creators: name: Fadnavis, Sukhada
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $P_G(q)$ denote the chromatic polynomial of a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices. The `shameful conjecture' due to Bartels and Welsh states that, $$\frac{P_G(n)}{P_G(n-1)} \geq \frac{n^n}{(n-1)^n}.$$ Let $μ(G)$ denote the expected number of colors used in a uniformly random proper $n$-coloring of $G$. The above inequality can be interpreted as saying that $μ(G) \geq μ(O_n)$, where $O_n$ is the empty graph on $n$ nodes. This conjecture was proved by F. M. Dong, who in fact showed that, $$\frac{P_G(q)}{P_G(q-1)} \geq \frac{q^n}{(q-1)^n}$$ for all $q \geq n$. There are examples showing that this inequality is not true for all $q \geq 2$. In this paper, we show that the above inequality holds for all $q \geq 36D^{3/2}$, where $D$ is the largest degree of $G$. It is also shown that the above inequality holds true for all $q \geq 2$ when $G$ is a claw-free graph.
description: Accepted to the European Journal of Combinatorics