cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Measurement of Gravitational Lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background by Galaxy Clusters Using Data from the South Pole Telescope
Creators: name: Baxter, E. J.
name: Keisler, R.
name: Dodelson, S.
name: Aird, K. A.
name: Allen, S. W.
name: Ashby, M. L. N.
name: Bautz, M.
name: Bayliss, M.
name: Benson, B. A.
name: Bleem, L. E.
name: Bocquet, S.
name: Brodwin, M.
name: Carlstrom, J. E.
name: Chang, C. L.
name: Chiu, I.
name: Cho, H-M.
name: Clocchiatti, A.
name: Crawford, T. M.
name: Crites, A. T.
name: Desai, S.
name: Dietrich, J. P.
name: de Haan, T.
name: Dobbs, M. A.
name: Foley, R. J.
name: Forman, W. R.
name: George, E. M.
name: Gladders, M. D.
name: Gonzalez, A. H.
name: Halverson, N. W.
name: Harrington, N. L.
name: Hennig, C.
name: Hoekstra, H.
name: Holder, G. P.
name: Holzapfel, W. L.
name: Hou, Z.
name: Hrubes, J. D.
name: Jones, C.
name: Knox, L.
name: Lee, A. T.
name: Leitch, E. M.
name: Liu, J.
name: Lueker, M.
name: Luong-Van, D.
name: Mantz, A.
name: Marrone, D. P.
name: McDonald, M.
name: McMahon, J. J.
name: Meyer, S. S.
name: Millea, M.
name: Mocanu, L. M.
name: Murray, S. S.
name: Padin, S.
name: Pryke, C.
name: Reichardt, C. L.
name: Rest, A.
name: Ruhl, J. E.
name: Saliwanchik, B. R.
name: Saro, A.
name: Sayre, J. T.
name: Schaffer, K. K.
name: Shirokoff, E.
name: Song, J.
name: Spieler, H. G.
name: Stalder, B.
name: Stanford, S. A.
name: Staniszewski, Z.
name: Stark, A. A.
name: Story, K. T.
name: van Engelen, A.
name: Vanderlinde, K.
name: Vieira, J. D.
name: Vikhlinin, A.
name: Williamson, R.
name: Zahn, O.
name: Zenteno, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clusters of galaxies are expected to gravitationally lens the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and thereby generate a distinct signal in the CMB on arcminute scales. Measurements of this effect can be used to constrain the masses of galaxy clusters with CMB data alone. Here we present a measurement of lensing of the CMB by galaxy clusters using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). We develop a maximum likelihood approach to extract the CMB cluster lensing signal and validate the method on mock data. We quantify the effects on our analysis of several potential sources of systematic error and find that they generally act to reduce the best-fit cluster mass. It is estimated that this bias to lower cluster mass is roughly $0.85σ$ in units of the statistical error bar, although this estimate should be viewed as an upper limit. We apply our maximum likelihood technique to 513 clusters selected via their SZ signatures in SPT data, and rule out the null hypothesis of no lensing at $3.1σ$. The lensing-derived mass estimate for the full cluster sample is consistent with that inferred from the SZ flux: $M_{200,\mathrm{lens}} = 0.83_{-0.37}^{+0.38}\, M_{200,\mathrm{SZ}}$ (68% C.L., statistical error only).
description: 14 pages, 3 figures. Published in ApJ. Replaced to match published version
Involvement of an Actomyosin Contractile Ring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cytokinesis
Creators: name: McMillan, John N.
name: Yeh, Elaine
name: Pringle, John R.
name: Bi, Erfei
name: Salmon, E.D.
name: Lew, Daniel J.
name: Maddox, Paul
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mother cell and bud are connected by a narrow neck. The mechanism by which this neck is closed during cytokinesis has been unclear. Here we report on the role of a contractile actomyosin ring in this process. Myo1p (the only type II myosin in S. cerevisiae) forms a ring at the presumptive bud site shortly before bud emergence. Myo1p ring formation depends on the septins but not on F-actin, and preexisting Myo1p rings are stable when F-actin is depolymerized. The Myo1p ring remains in the mother–bud neck until the end of anaphase, when a ring of F-actin forms in association with it. The actomyosin ring then contracts to a point and disappears. In the absence of F-actin, the Myo1p ring does not contract. After ring contraction, cortical actin patches congregate at the mother–bud neck, and septum formation and cell separation rapidly ensue. Strains deleted for MYO1 are viable; they fail to form the actin ring but show apparently normal congregation of actin patches at the neck. Some myo1Δ strains divide nearly as efficiently as wild type; other myo1Δ strains divide less efficiently, but it is unclear whether the primary defect is in cytokinesis, septum formation, or cell separation. Even cells lacking F-actin can divide, although in this case division is considerably delayed. Thus, the contractile actomyosin ring is not essential for cytokinesis in S. cerevisiae. In its absence, cytokinesis can still be completed by a process (possibly localized cell–wall synthesis leading to septum formation) that appears to require septin function and to be facilitated by F-actin.
Evaluating landscape metrics for characterising hydrological response to storm events in urbanised catchments
Creators: name: Miller, James D.
name: Stewart, Elisabeth
name: Hess, Tim
name: Brewer, Tim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Hydrological response of an urban catchment to storm events is determined by a number of factors including the degree of urbanisation and distribution and connectivity of urbanised surfaces. Therefore, the ability of spatially averaged catchment descriptors to characterise storm response is limited. Landscape metrics, widely used in ecology to quantify landscape structure, are employed to quantify urban land-cover patterns across a rural-urban gradient of catchments and attribute hydrological response. Attribution of all response metrics, except peak flow, is improved by combining lumped catchment descriptors with spatially explicit landscape metrics. Those representing connectedness and shape of suburban and natural greenspace improve characterisation of percentage runoff and storm runoff. Connectivity and location of urban surfaces are more important than impervious area alone for attribution of timing, validating findings from distributed hydrological modelling studies. Findings suggest potential improvements in attribution of storm runoff in ungauged urban catchments using landscape metrics.
Rho-mediated Contractility Exposes a Cryptic Site in Fibronectin and Induces Fibronectin Matrix Assembly
Creators: name: Burridge, Keith
name: Brown, James
name: Chrzanowska-Wodnicka, Magdalena
name: Zhong, Cuiling
name: Belkin, Alexey M.
name: Shaub, Amy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Many factors influence the assembly of fibronectin into an insoluble fibrillar extracellular matrix. Previous work demonstrated that one component in serum that promotes the assembly of fibronectin is lysophosphatidic acid (Zhang, Q., W.J. Checovich, D.M. Peters, R.M. Albrecht, and D.F. Mosher. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 127:1447–1459). Here we show that C3 transferase, an inhibitor of the low molecular weight GTP-binding protein Rho, blocks the binding of fibronectin and the 70-kD NH2-terminal fibronectin fragment to cells and blocks the assembly of fibronectin into matrix induced by serum or lysophosphatidic acid. Microinjection of recombinant, constitutively active Rho into quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells promotes fibronectin matrix assembly by the injected cells. Investigating the mechanism by which Rho promotes fibronectin polymerization, we have used C3 to determine whether integrin activation is involved. Under conditions where C3 decreases fibronectin assembly we have only detected small changes in the state of integrin activation. However, several inhibitors of cellular contractility, that differ in their mode of action, inhibit cell binding of fibronectin and the 70-kD NH2-terminal fibronectin fragment, decrease fibronectin incorporation into the deoxycholate insoluble matrix, and prevent fibronectin's assembly into fibrils on the cell surface. Because Rho stimulates contractility, these results suggest that Rho-mediated contractility promotes assembly of fibronectin into a fibrillar matrix. One mechanism by which contractility could enhance fibronectin assembly is by tension exposing cryptic self-assembly sites within fibronectin that is being stretched. Exploring this possibility, we have found a monoclonal antibody, L8, that stains fibronectin matrices differentially depending on the state of cell contractility. L8 was previously shown to inhibit fibronectin matrix assembly (Chernousov, M.A., A.I. Faerman, M.G. Frid, O.Y. Printseva, and V.E. Koteliansky. 1987. FEBS (Fed. Eur. Biochem. Soc.) Lett. 217:124–128). When it is used to stain normal cultures that are developing tension, it reveals a matrix indistinguishable from that revealed by polyclonal anti-fibronectin antibodies. However, the staining of fibronectin matrices by L8 is reduced relative to the polyclonal antibody when the contractility of cells is inhibited by C3. We have investigated the consequences of mechanically stretching fibronectin in the absence of cells. Applying a 30–35% stretch to immobilized fibronectin induced binding of soluble fibronectin, 70-kD fibronectin fragment, and L8 monoclonal antibody. Together, these results provide evidence that self-assembly sites within fibronectin are exposed by tension.
Forgotten fields: mid-nineteenth century land use and characterisation in the South Downs National Park using the tithe surveys of England and Wales.
Creators: name: Pearson, Alastair W.
name: Soar, Philip J.
name: Carter, Paul
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The map and underlying geodatabase presented here at a scale of 1:25,000 (Main map) covers approximately 300 km2 of the catchment of the lower Rother valley in West Sussex, within the South Downs National Park, southern England. It offers a unique view of land use based on the Tithe Surveys created during the early part of 1840s. This new and rigorously compiled empirical material serves as an exceptionally robust research resource to inform river catchment management planning, with potential to guide landscape restoration, steer sustainable farming activities and, conceivably, to facilitate scenario modelling of plausible land use futures during a period of great uncertainty regarding rural land management in the United Kingdom. The current map and geodatabase are the products of the Forgotten Fields Project, the intention being to extend the coverage to neighbouring catchments and thus provide a large-scale mapping resource and information portal for wide-ranging land management applications.
Acetylcholinesterase Clustering at the Neuromuscular Junction Involves Perlecan and Dystroglycan
Creators: name: Xie, Hongbo
name: Peng, H. Benjamin
name: Rotundo, Richard L.
name: Rossi, Susanna G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Formation of the synaptic basal lamina at vertebrate neuromuscular junction involves the accumulation of numerous specialized extracellular matrix molecules including a specific form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the collagenic-tailed form. The mechanisms responsible for its localization at sites of nerve– muscle contact are not well understood. To understand synaptic AChE localization, we synthesized a fluorescent conjugate of fasciculin 2, a snake α-neurotoxin that tightly binds to the catalytic subunit. Prelabeling AChE on the surface of Xenopus muscle cells revealed that preexisting AChE molecules could be recruited to form clusters that colocalize with acetylcholine receptors at sites of nerve–muscle contact. Likewise, purified avian AChE with collagen-like tail, when transplanted to Xenopus muscle cells before the addition of nerves, also accumulated at sites of nerve–muscle contact. Using exogenous avian AChE as a marker, we show that the collagenic-tailed form of the enzyme binds to the heparan-sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, which in turn binds to the dystroglycan complex through α-dystroglycan. Therefore, the dystroglycan–perlecan complex serves as a cell surface acceptor for AChE, enabling it to be clustered at the synapse by lateral migration within the plane of the membrane. A similar mechanism may underlie the initial formation of all specialized basal lamina interposed between other cell types.
Deleterious Interaction between the Neurosteroid (3α,5α)3-Hydroxypregnan-20-One (3α,5α-THP) and the Mu-Opioid System Activation during Forced Swim Stress in Rats
Creators: name: McFarland, Minna H.
name: Morrow, A. Leslie
name: O’Buckley, Todd K.
name: Tyler, Ryan E.
name: Besheer, Joyce
name: Boero, Giorgia
name: Chéry, Samantha L.
name: Robinson, Donita L.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: The neurosteroid 3α,5α-THP is a potent GABAA receptor-positive modulator and its regulatory action on the HPA axis stress response has been reported in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. We previously demonstrated that 3α,5α-THP down-regulation of HPA axis activity during stress is sex-, brain region- and stressor-dependent. In this study, we observed a deleterious submersion behavior in response to 3α,5α-THP (15 mg/kg) during forced swim stress (FSS) that led us to investigate how 3α,5α-THP might affect behavioral coping strategies engaged in by the animal. Given the well-established involvement of the opioid system in HPA axis activation and its interaction with GABAergic neurosteroids, we explored the synergic effects of 3α,5α-THP/opiate system activation in this behavior. Serum β-endorphin (β-EP) was elevated by FSS and enhanced by 3α,5α-THP + FSS. Hypothalamic Mu-opiate receptors (MOP) were increased in female rats by 3α,5α-THP + FSS. Pretreatment with the MOP antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP; 2 mg/kg, IP) reversed submersion behavior in males. Moreover, in both males and females, CTAP pretreatment decreased immobility episodes while increasing immobility duration but did not alter swimming duration. This interaction between 3α,5α-THP and the opioid system in the context of FSS might be important in the development of treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders involving HPA axis activation.
Primary Megakaryocytes Reveal a Role for Transcription Factor Nf-E2 in Integrin αiibβ3 Signaling
Creators: name: Leavitt, Andrew
name: White, Gilbert
name: Murphy, George
name: Aidoudi, Sallouha
name: Baron, Veronique
name: Ybarrondo, Belen
name: Wilcox, David
name: Ritchie, Alec
name: Shattil, Sanford
name: Shiraga, Masamichi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Platelet integrin αIIbβ3 responds to intracellular signals by binding fibrinogen and triggering cytoskeletal reorganization, but the mechanisms of αIIbβ3 signaling remain poorly understood. To better understand this process, we established conditions to study αIIbβ3 signaling in primary murine megakaryocytes. Unlike platelets, these platelet precursors are amenable to genetic manipulation. Cytokine-stimulated bone marrow cultures produced three arbitrary populations of αIIbβ3-expressing cells with increasing size and DNA ploidy: small progenitors, intermediate-size young megakaryocytes, and large mature megakaryocytes. A majority of the large megakaryocytes bound fibrinogen in response to agonists, while almost none of the smaller cells did. Fibrinogen binding to large megakaryocytes was inhibited by Sindbis virus-mediated expression of isolated β3 integrin cytoplasmic tails. Strikingly, large megakaryocytes from mice deficient in the transcription factor NF-E2 failed to bind fibrinogen in response to agonists, despite normal surface expression of αIIbβ3. Furthermore, while megakaryocytes from wild-type mice spread on immobilized fibrinogen and exhibited filopodia, lamellipodia and Rho-dependent focal adhesions and stress fibers, NF-E2–deficient megakaryocytes adhered poorly. These studies establish that agonist-induced activation of αIIbβ3 is controlled by NF-E2–regulated signaling pathways that mature late in megakaryocyte development and converge at the β3 cytoplasmic tail. Megakaryocytes provide a physiologically relevant and tractable system for analysis of bidirectional αIIbβ3 signaling.
"Guerra e fame". L'insicurezza alimentare nel diritto internazionale umanitario
Creators: name: Rafaniello, Mario
Publisher: name: JUNCO | Journal of UNiversities and international development COoperation
Year: 2024

description: Con la nota risoluzione 2417 del Consiglio di Sicurezza dell’Onu è stato esplicitamente riconosciuto il legame tra fame e conflitti armati in termini generali, provocando un’ondata di dibattito e ulteriori studi sul tema. L’insicurezza alimentare intenzionalmente indotta da operazioni militari si è
notevolmente accresciuta negli ultimi anni riguardando ormai centinaia di milioni di persone. L’inquadramento della fame quale strumento di guerra nel diritto internazionale umanitario, però, è tutt’altro che agevole e ciò rende altrettanto difficoltoso punire i responsabili. Il presente contributo offre alcune riflessioni in merito.
description: JUNCO | Journal of UNiversities and international development COoperation, V. 8 N. 1 (2024): Cibo e cooperazione internazionale. Politiche, reti, e significati
Development of a graphical user interface for automatic separation of human voice from Doppler ultrasound audio in diving experiments
Creators: name: Papadopoulou V.
name: Currens J.
name: Blogg S.L.
name: Lindholm P.
name: Moon R.E.
name: Azarang A.
name: Lance R.M.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Doppler ultrasound (DU) is used in decompression research to detect venous gas emboli in the precordium or subclavian vein, as a marker of decompression stress. This is of relevance to scuba divers, compressed air workers and astronauts to prevent decompression sickness (DCS) that can be caused by these bubbles upon or after a sudden reduction in ambient pressure. Doppler ultrasound data is graded by expert raters on the Kisman-Masurel or Spencer scales that are associated to DCS risk. Meta-analyses, as well as efforts to computer-automate DU grading, both necessitate access to large databases of well-curated and graded data. Leveraging previously collected data is especially important due to the difficulty of repeating large-scale extreme military pressure exposures that were conducted in the 70-90s in austere environments. Historically, DU data (Non-speech) were often captured on cassettes in one-channel audio with superimposed human speech describing the experiment (Speech). Digitizing and separating these audio files is currently a lengthy, manual task. In this paper, we develop a graphical user interface (GUI) to perform automatic speech recognition and aid in Non-speech and Speech separation. This constitutes the first study incorporating speech processing technology in the field of diving research. If successful, it has the potential to significantly accelerate the reuse of previously-acquired datasets. The recognition task incorporates the Google speech recognizer to detect the presence of human voice activity together with corresponding timestamps. The detected human speech is then separated from the audio Doppler ultrasound within the developed GUI. Several experiments were conducted on recently digitized audio Doppler recordings to corroborate the effectiveness of the developed GUI in recognition and separations tasks, and these are compared to manual labels for Speech timestamps. The following metrics are used to evaluate performance: the average absolute differences between the reference and detected Speech starting points, as well as the percentage of detected.
Coordinated Spindle Assembly and Orientation Requires Clb5p-Dependent Kinase in Budding Yeast
Creators: name: Maddox, Paul
name: Clarke, Duncan J.
name: Reed, Steven I.
name: Segal, Marisa
name: Bloom, Kerry
name: Salmon, E.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: The orientation of the mitotic spindle along a polarity axis is critical in asymmetric cell divisions. In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, loss of the S-phase B-type cyclin Clb5p under conditions of limited cyclin-dependent kinase activity (cdc28-4 clb5Δ cells) causes a spindle positioning defect that results in an undivided nucleus entering the bud. Based on time-lapse digital imaging microscopy of microtubules labeled with green fluorescent protein fusions to either tubulin or dynein, we observed that the asymmetric behavior of the spindle pole bodies during spindle assembly was lost in the cdc28-4 clb5Δ cells. As soon as a spindle formed, both poles were equally likely to interact with the bud cell cortex. Persistent dynamic interactions with the bud ultimately led to spindle translocation across the bud neck. Thus, the mutant failed to assign one spindle pole body the task of organizing astral microtubules towards the mother cell. Our data suggest that Clb5p-associated kinase is required to confer mother-bound behavior to one pole in order to establish correct spindle polarity. In contrast, B-type cyclins, Clb3p and Clb4p, though partially redundant with Clb5p for an early role in spindle morphogenesis, preferentially promote spindle assembly.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Epidemic Phenomena Using the R Package surveillance
Creators: name: Meyer, Sebastian
name: Held, Leonhard
name: Höhle, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: G.3
subject: 62-04

description: The availability of geocoded health data and the inherent temporal structure of communicable diseases have led to an increased interest in statistical models and software for spatio-temporal data with epidemic features. The open source R package surveillance can handle various levels of aggregation at which infective events have been recorded: individual-level time-stamped geo-referenced data (case reports) in either continuous space or discrete space, as well as counts aggregated by period and region. For each of these data types, the surveillance package implements tools for visualization, likelihoood inference and simulation from recently developed statistical regression frameworks capturing endemic and epidemic dynamics. Altogether, this paper is a guide to the spatio-temporal modeling of epidemic phenomena, exemplified by analyses of public health surveillance data on measles and invasive meningococcal disease.
description: 53 pages, 20 figures, package homepage: http://surveillance.r-forge.r-project.org/
Development and Initial Validation of the in-Session Patient Affective Reactions Questionnaire (SPARQ) and the Rift In-Session Questionnaire (RISQ)
Creators: name: Youngstrom E.A.
name: Stefana A.
name: Vieta E.
name: Fusar-Poli P.
name: Langfus J.A.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2023

description: This article discusses the development and preliminary validation of a self-report inventory of the patient’s perception of, and affective reaction to, their therapist during a psychotherapy session. First, we wrote a pool of 131 items, reviewed them based on subject matter experts’ review, and then collected validation data from a clinical sample of adult patients in individual therapy (N = 701). We used exploratory factor analysis and item response theory graded response models to select items, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factor structure, and k-fold cross-validation to verify model robustness. Multi-group CFA examined measurement invariance across patients with different diagnoses (unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and neither of these). Three factors produced short scales retaining the strongest items. The in-Session Patient Affective Reactions Questionnaire (SPARQ) has a two-factor structure, yielding a four-item Negative affect scale and a four-item Positive affect scale. The Relationship In-Session Questionnaire (RISQ) is composed of four items from the third factor with dichotomized responses. Both scales showed excellent psychometric properties and evidence of metric invariance across the three diagnostic groups: unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, and neither of these. The SPARQ and the RISQ scale can be used in clinical or research settings, with particular value for capturing the patient’s perspectives about their therapist and session-level emotional processes.
Microtubules Remodel Actomyosin Networks in Xenopus Egg Extracts via Two Mechanisms of F-Actin Transport
Creators: name: Cheney, Richard E.
name: Bement, William M.
name: Keech, John
name: Duey, Devin Y.
name: Salmon, E.D.
name: Weber, Kari L.
name: Waterman-Storer, Clare
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Interactions between microtubules and filamentous actin (F-actin) are crucial for many cellular processes, including cell locomotion and cytokinesis, but are poorly understood. To define the basic principles governing microtubule/F-actin interactions, we used dual-wavelength digital fluorescence and fluorescent speckle microscopy to analyze microtubules and F-actin labeled with spectrally distinct fluorophores in interphase Xenopus egg extracts. In the absence of microtubules, networks of F-actin bundles zippered together or exhibited serpentine gliding along the coverslip. When microtubules were nucleated from Xenopus sperm centrosomes, they were released and translocated away from the aster center. In the presence of microtubules, F-actin exhibited two distinct, microtubule-dependent motilities: rapid (∼250–300 nm/s) jerking and slow (∼50 nm/s), straight gliding. Microtubules remodeled the F-actin network, as F-actin jerking caused centrifugal clearing of F-actin from around aster centers. F-actin jerking occurred when F-actin bound to motile microtubules powered by cytoplasmic dynein. F-actin straight gliding occurred when F-actin bundles translocated along the microtubule lattice. These interactions required Xenopus cytosolic factors. Localization of myosin-II to F-actin suggested it may power F-actin zippering, while localization of myosin-V on microtubules suggested it could mediate interactions between microtubules and F-actin. We examine current models for cytokinesis and cell motility in light of these findings.
Nonlinear time-series analysis of Hyperion's lightcurves
Creators: name: Tarnopolski, Mariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperion is a satellite of Saturn that was predicted to remain in a chaotic rotational state. This was confirmed to some extent by Voyager 2 and Cassini series of images and some ground-based photometric observations. The aim of this aticle is to explore conditions for potential observations to meet in order to estimate a maximal Lyapunov Exponent (mLE), which being positive is an indicator of chaos and allows to characterise it quantitatively. Lightcurves existing in literature as well as numerical simulations are examined using standard tools of theory of chaos. It is found that existing datasets are too short and undersampled to detect a positive mLE, although its presence is not rejected. Analysis of simulated lightcurves leads to an assertion that observations from one site should be performed over a year-long period to detect a positive mLE, if present, in a reliable way. Another approach would be to use 2---3 telescopes spread over the world to have observations distributed more uniformly. This may be achieved without disrupting other observational projects being conducted. The necessity of time-series to be stationary is highly stressed.
description: 34 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables; v2 after referee report; matches the version accepted in Astrophysics and Space Science
The Actin-Driven Movement and Formation of Acetylcholine Receptor Clusters
Creators: name: Dai, Zhengshan
name: Luo, Xiaoyan
name: Xie, Hongbo
name: Peng, H. Benjamin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: A new method was devised to visualize actin polymerization induced by postsynaptic differentiation signals in cultured muscle cells. This entails masking myofibrillar filamentous (F)-actin with jasplakinolide, a cell-permeant F-actin–binding toxin, before synaptogenic stimulation, and then probing new actin assembly with fluorescent phalloidin. With this procedure, actin polymerization associated with newly induced acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering by heparin-binding growth-associated molecule–coated beads and by agrin was observed. The beads induced local F-actin assembly that colocalized with AChR clusters at bead–muscle contacts, whereas both the actin cytoskeleton and AChR clusters induced by bath agrin application were diffuse. By expressing a green fluorescent protein–coupled version of cortactin, a protein that binds to active F-actin, the dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton associated with new AChR clusters was revealed. In fact, the motive force generated by actin polymerization propelled the entire bead-induced AChR cluster with its attached bead to move in the plane of the membrane. In addition, actin polymerization is also necessary for the formation of both bead and agrin-induced AChR clusters as well as phosphotyrosine accumulation, as shown by their blockage by latrunculin A, a toxin that sequesters globular (G)-actin and prevents F-actin assembly. These results show that actin polymerization induced by synaptogenic signals is necessary for the movement and formation of AChR clusters and implicate a role of F-actin as a postsynaptic scaffold for the assembly of structural and signaling molecules in neuromuscular junction formation.
Eylais rimosoides K. Viets 1926
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Eylaidae
Eylais
Eylais rimosoides

description: Eylais rimosoides K. Viets, 1926
Records from the study area: Uttar Pradesh—K. Viets (1926a, b); Kerala—Walter (1928); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Ponds.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Additional file 1 of Association between inflammatory biomarkers and venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ding, Jiayue
name: Yue, Xuanye
name: Tian, Xiaobing
name: Liao, Zhangyuan
name: Meng, Ran
name: Zou, Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Digital finance and M&As: An empirical study and mechanism analysis
Creators: name: Sun X.
name: Ma G.
name: Jiang Z.
name: Song Y.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: With the rapid growth and wide application of digital technology, enterprises have entered the digital era with both opportunities and challenges existing. Mergers and acquisitions are one of the most efficient ways to integrate resources and achieve profit growth, giving enterprises advantages in competing in the new mode of economic growth. Based on this, this research tries to explore whether the development of digital finance will contribute to the emergence of M&As activities through combining M&As data of the Chinese stock market with the digital finance inclusion index between 2012 and 2020. The results show that the development of digital finance largely influences M&As activities through lower acquirers' financial constraints. We further replace digital finance with three sub-indexes including coverage breadth, usage depth, and digitalization level to explore the impact of different dimensions of digital finance on M&As. Results show that coverage breadth plays a more important role. In addition, heterogeneity tests reveal that the relationship between the development of digital finance and M&As activities varies significantly. The influences of digital finance on private and western and central enterprises are more significant compared with state-owned and eastern enterprises. According to the study, since the development of digital finance can be an efficient way to ease financial constraints and boost M&As activities, the government should promote the development of digital finance while companies strive to make the most use of it.
Can Froissart Bound Explain Hadron Cross-Sections at High Energies?
Creators: name: Dymarsky, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimentally observed slow growth of hadron cross-sections at high energies is a very intriguing but poorly understood property of QCD. It is tempting to explain the slow growth by saturation of Froissart bound or another similar universal mechanism. We reconsider derivation of Froissart bound in QCD in chiral limit and argue it can not justify experimentally observed behavior. Although the conventional Froissart-Martin bound should impose non-trivial constraint on the growth of hadron cross-sections, because of the small value of pion masses it will become restrictive only at currently unaccessible center-of-mass energies exceeding $10^5-10^6$ GeV.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. v2: minor corrections, references added
A protein interaction map for cell polarity development
Creators: name: Tong, Amy
name: Brennwald, Patrick
name: Guo, Wei
name: Pringle, John R.
name: Caviston, Juliane P.
name: Sundin, Bryan
name: Moskow, John J.
name: Bi, Erfei
name: Fields, Stanley
name: Lau, Michelle W.
name: Boone, Charles
name: Kozminski, Keith G.
name: Novick, Peter
name: Chen, Guang-Chao
name: McKenzie, Amos
name: Chan, Clarence
name: Drees, Becky L.
name: Davis, Trisha N.
name: Drubin, David G.
name: Longtine, Mark
name: Schenkman, Laura R.
name: Brazeau, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Many genes required for cell polarity development in budding yeast have been identified and arranged into a functional hierarchy. Core elements of the hierarchy are widely conserved, underlying cell polarity development in diverse eukaryotes. To enumerate more fully the protein–protein interactions that mediate cell polarity development, and to uncover novel mechanisms that coordinate the numerous events involved, we carried out a large-scale two-hybrid experiment. 68 Gal4 DNA binding domain fusions of yeast proteins associated with the actin cytoskeleton, septins, the secretory apparatus, and Rho-type GTPases were used to screen an array of yeast transformants that express ∼90% of the predicted Saccharomyces cerevisiae open reading frames as Gal4 activation domain fusions. 191 protein–protein interactions were detected, of which 128 had not been described previously. 44 interactions implicated 20 previously uncharacterized proteins in cell polarity development. Further insights into possible roles of 13 of these proteins were revealed by their multiple two-hybrid interactions and by subcellular localization. Included in the interaction network were associations of Cdc42 and Rho1 pathways with proteins involved in exocytosis, septin organization, actin assembly, microtubule organization, autophagy, cytokinesis, and cell wall synthesis. Other interactions suggested direct connections between Rho1- and Cdc42-regulated pathways; the secretory apparatus and regulators of polarity establishment; actin assembly and the morphogenesis checkpoint; and the exocytic and endocytic machinery. In total, a network of interactions that provide an integrated response of signaling proteins, the cytoskeleton, and organelles to the spatial cues that direct polarity development was revealed.
Discovery and characterization of a specific inhibitor of serine-threonine kinase cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) demonstrates role in hippocampal CA1 physiology
Creators: name: Ultanir S.K.
name: Benke T.A.
name: Ferrer C.A.
name: Wells C.I.
name: Silvestre M.
name: Pabla N.S.
name: Castano A.
name: Bashore F.M.
name: Bullock A.N.
name: Dempster K.
name: Smith J.L.
name: Silvaroli J.A.
name: Richardson W.
name: Drewry D.H.
name: Genereux I.M.
name: Axtman A.D.
name: Lang Y.
name: Ong H.W.
name: Sanderson J.L.
Publisher: name: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Year: 2023

description: Pathological loss-of-function mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) cause CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a rare and severe neurodevelopmental disorder associated with severe and medically refractory early-life epilepsy, motor, cognitive, visual, and autonomic disturbances in the absence of any structural brain pathology. Analysis of genetic variants in CDD has indicated that CDKL5 kinase function is central to disease pathology. CDKL5 encodes a serine-threonine kinase with significant homology to GSK3β, which has also been linked to synaptic function. Further, Cdkl5 knock-out rodents have increased GSK3β activity and often increased long-term potentiation (LTP). Thus, development of a specific CDKL5 inhibitor must be careful to exclude cross-talk with GSK3β activity. We synthesized and characterized specific, high-affinity inhibitors of CDKL5 that do not have detectable activity for GSK3β. These compounds are very soluble in water but blood-brain barrier penetration is low. In rat hippocampal brain slices, acute inhibition of CDKL5 selectively reduces postsynaptic function of AMPA-type glutamate receptors in a dose-dependent manner. Acute inhibition of CDKL5 reduces hippocampal LTP. These studies provide new tools and insights into the role of CDKL5 as a newly appreciated key kinase necessary for synaptic plasticity. Comparisons to rodent knock-out studies suggest that compensatory changes have limited the understanding of the roles of CDKL5 in synaptic physiology, plasticity, and human neuropathology.
Abelson kinase regulates epithelial morphogenesis in Drosophila
Creators: name: Grevengoed, Elizabeth E.
name: Jesse, Traci L.
name: Peifer, Mark
name: Loureiro, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Activation of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Abelson (Abl) contributes to the development of leukemia, but the complex roles of Abl in normal development are not fully understood. Drosophila Abl links neural axon guidance receptors to the cytoskeleton. Here we report a novel role for Drosophila Abl in epithelial cells, where it is critical for morphogenesis. Embryos completely lacking both maternal and zygotic Abl die with defects in several morphogenetic processes requiring cell shape changes and cell migration. We describe the cellular defects that underlie these problems, focusing on dorsal closure as an example. Further, we show that the Abl target Enabled (Ena), a modulator of actin dynamics, is involved with Abl in morphogenesis. We find that Ena localizes to adherens junctions of most epithelial cells, and that it genetically interacts with the adherens junction protein Armadillo (Arm) during morphogenesis. The defects of abl mutants are strongly enhanced by heterozygosity for shotgun, which encodes DE-cadherin. Finally, loss of Abl reduces Arm and α-catenin accumulation in adherens junctions, while having little or no effect on other components of the cytoskeleton or cell polarity machinery. We discuss possible models for Abl function during epithelial morphogenesis in light of these data.
Larangan Pernikahan Semarga di Suku Karo
Creators: name: Sembiring, Al Nayla
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Perkawinan semarga di suku Karo merupakan pernikahan yang dilakukan dengan kelompok marga yang sama. Marga diperoleh dari garis keturunan ayah. Sangat dilarang keras adanya nikah semarga sebab dianggap sebagai pernikahan sedarah. Untuk masyarakat Karo tidak sah perkawinan mereka apabila dilakukan pernikahan pada dasarnya larangan pernikahan semarga itu telah ada sejak dahulu kala oleh karena itu, hukum adat karo selalu ditaati masyarakat Batak Karo dan masih mempertahankannya. Pengecualian Pernikahan Semarga di suku Karo terdapat didalam marga Sembiring dari total 18 cabang marga sembiring yang boleh melakukan pernikahan sesama marga sembiring sebanyak 14 cabang yaitu: Colia, Pandia, Gurukinayan, Berahmana, Meliala, Pande Bayang, Tekang, Muham, Depari, Pelawi, Busuk, Sinukapar, Keling, Bunuh Aji, serta cabang marga Sembiring yang tidak diperbolehkan melakukan perkawinan sesama marga sembiring sebanyak 4 cabang yaitu: Kembaren, Sinulaki, Keloko, Sinupayung.
Additional file 1 of Role of SH3GLB1 in the regulation of CD133 expression in GBM cells
Creators: name: Chien, Chia-Hung
name: Lai, Chien-Cheng
name: Chuang, Jian-Ying
name: Chu, Jui-Mei
name: Liu, Chan-Chuan
name: Chang, Kwang-Yu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Algorithmic Cooling in Liquid State NMR
Creators: name: Atia, Yosi
name: Elias, Yuval
name: Mor, Tal
name: Weinstein, Yossi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Algorithmic cooling is a method that employs thermalization to increase qubit purification level, namely it reduces the qubit-system's entropy. We utilized gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE), an optimal control algorithm, to implement algorithmic cooling in liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance. Various cooling algorithms were applied onto the three qubits of $^{13}$C$_2$-trichloroethylene, cooling the system beyond Shannon's entropy bound in several different ways. In particular, in one experiment a carbon qubit was cooled by a factor of 4.61. This work is a step towards potentially integrating tools of NMR quantum computing into in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Coherent destruction of tunneling in a lattice array with controllable boundary
Creators: name: Li, Liping
name: Luo, Xiaobing
name: Lü, Xin-You
name: Yang, Xiaoxue
name: Wu, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated how the dynamics of a quantum particle initially localized in the left boundary site under periodic driving can be manipulated via control of the right boundary site of a lattice array. Because of the adjustable coupling between the right boundary site and its nearest-neighbor, we can realize either coherent destruction of tunneling to coherent tunneling (CDT-CT) transition or coherent tunneling to coherent destruction of tunneling (CT-CDT) transition, by driving or moving the right boundary site while keeping the left boundary site driven by a periodically oscillating field with a fixed driving parameter. In particular, the transition direction shows odd-even sensitivity to the number of lattice sites. We have also revealed that our proposed CDT-CT transition is robust against the second order coupling (SOC) between next-nearest-neighbor sites in odd-$N$-site systems, whereas localization can be significantly enhanced by SOC in even-$N$-site systems. More interestingly, it is found destruction and revival of CDT observable in non-high-frequency regimes. Our results can be readily verified within the capacity of current experiments.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, the final version for pubilication in PHYSICAL REVIEW A 91, 063804 (2015)
Effects of Controlled Ozone Exposure on Circulating microRNAs and Vascular and Coagulation Biomarkers: A Mediation Analysis
Creators: name: Tong, Haiyan
name: Masood, Syed
name: Samet, James M.
name: Rappold, Ana G.
name: Chen, Hao
name: Diaz-Sanchez, David
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Exposure to ozone (O3) is associated with adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. Alterations in circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to the adverse vascular effects of O3 exposure through inter-cellular communication resulting in post-transcriptional regulation of messenger RNAs by miRNAs. In this study, we investigated whether O3 exposure induces alterations in circulating miRNAs that can mediate effects on downstream vascular and coagulation biomarkers. Twenty-three healthy male adults were exposed on successive days to filtered air and 300 ppb O3 for 2 h. Circulating miRNA and protein biomarkers were quantified after each exposure session. The data were subjected to mixed-effects model and mediation analyses for the statistical analyses. The results showed that the expression level of multiple circulating miRNAs (e.g., miR-19a-3p, miR-34a-5p) was significantly associated with O3 exposure. Pathway analysis showed that these miRNAs were predictive of changing levels of downstream biomarkers [e.g., D-dimer, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)]. Mediation analysis showed that miR-19a-3p may be a significant mediator of O3-exposure-induced changes in blood TNFα levels [0.08 (0.01, 0.15), p = 0.02]. In conclusion, this preliminary study showed that O3 exposure of healthy male adults resulted in changes in circulating miRNAs, some of which may mediate vascular effects of O3 exposure.