cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Women Going Global: Australian and British Feminist Internationalists, 1919-39
Creators: name: Staff, Michelle
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2023

description: This study of eight significant Australian and British feminist internationalists harnesses the complex details of individual lives to examine feminist internationalism as it developed over the course of the interwar period. While such stories have often fallen in the trough created by the "waves" metaphor, a growing body of scholarship is currently enriching our understanding of this formative moment in feminism's past. This thesis makes an original intervention into this historiography, turning away from the oft-studied North Atlantic to consider the British Empire and Commonwealth's metropole and periphery in one frame of reference and thus expand existing knowledge of Western feminism. Applying the methods of group biography, it sits at the intersection of social, political, and intellectual history. It draws together a wide range of primary source material from several countries - including individuals' and organisations' archival papers, published reports and pamphlets, feminist periodicals, women's magazines, the general press, memoirs, oral history recordings, and photographic evidence - to explore why these women were committed to internationalism, what it meant to them during its post-1918 ascendancy, and how they developed their ideas and practices. These varied life stories demonstrate how feminist internationalism became more expansive and assertive as a form of activism, a political practice, and an intellectual tradition during the interwar years. Whereas before the First World War feminists saw internationalism primarily in terms of connecting with like-minded people, from the 1920s they considered it as a means of remodelling the very nature of global society, including its gendered dimensions. My group developed confidence as activists, public political actors, and even experts, staking a claim to wider political discussions and entering traditionally masculine arenas. At the same time, they responded to the critiques advanced by their non-Western "sisters" and took steps to make their networks more diverse, even as they continued to be influenced by imperial logics and realities. The rapid developments of this period, especially the much-anticipated birth of the League of Nations, created the conditions in which feminists could interrogate the boundaries of their movement, tackle a wider range of causes, and assert their newfound political power. As my research reveals, the interwar period was a critical juncture in feminism's longer history, initiating key changes that would shape later decades.
Boletín Fármacos: Ética y Derecho 2022; 25(3)
Creators: name: Salud y Fármacos
Publisher: name: Salud y Fármacos
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ética
Derecho
Integridad de publicaciones científicas
Sesgos de publicación
Conflictos de interés
Conducta industria farmacéutica
Publicidad y promoción de medicamentos
Adulteraciones y falsificaciones de medicamentos
Multas y litigios

description: Boletín Fármacos es un boletín electrónico de la organización Salud y Fármacos (https://www.saludyfarmacos.org/) que se publica cuatro veces al año: febrero, mayo, agosto y noviembre.
El "Boletín Fármacos: Ética y Derecho" contiene información sobre la integridad de las publicaciones científicas, es decir sobre los sesgos de publicación y cómo los conflictos de interés afectan la calidad de lo que se publica en las revistas médicas; sobre la conducta de la industria farmacéutica (por ejemplo, las estrategias para maximizar sus beneficios y/o para mejorar su imagen), los conflictos de interés que intervienen en las diferentes fases del ciclo de medicamentos (desde las decisiones sobre el tipo de investigación que se realiza, las relaciones de la industria con los prescriptores y dispensadores de medicamentos, y con los gestores de los sistemas de salud), y las actividades y gastos de la industria en publicidad y promoción. También se incluye información sobre adulteraciones y falsificaciones de medicamentos, y las multas, acuerdos extrajudiciales y resultados de litigios que involucran a los productores o prescriptores de medicamentos.
Este documento corresponde al 2022, Vol. 25, N°3.
Practical Data Correlation of Flashpoints of Binary Mixtures by a Reciprocal Function: The Concept and Numerical Examples
Creators: name: Hristova, Mariana
name: Damgaliev, Dimitar
name: Hristov, Jordan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple data correlation of flashpoint data of binary mixture has been developed on a basic of rational reciprocal function. The new approximation requires has only two coefficients and needs the flashpoint temperature of the pure flammable component to be known. The approximation has been tested by literature data concerning aqueous-alcohol solution and compared to calculations performed by several thermodynamic models predicting flashpoint temperatures. The suggested approximation provides accuracy comparable and to some extent better than that of the thermodynamic methods.
description: 6 pages and 5 tables IN PRESS; Thermal Science vol. 15, issue 3, 2011
Arginase 1 is a Key Driver of Immune Suppression and a Therapeutic Target of Pancreatic Cancer
Creators: name: Menjivar, Rosa
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Arginase 1
subject: Pancreatic cancer
subject: Myeloid cells
subject: Immunotherapy
subject: Mouse models
subject: Microbiology and Immunology
subject: Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
subject: Oncology and Hematology
subject: Health Sciences

description: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the most common form of pancreatic cancer. PDA is a lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 11% after diagnosis. Some of the factors contributing to the aggressiveness and poor prognosis of this disease include late diagnosis (mostly due to non-specific or lack of symptoms), metastasis to other vital organs (mainly lungs and liver), lack of biomarkers for early screening, and resistance to current treatments. If outcomes do not improve, PDA is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030. PDA is characterized by an abundant fibroinflammatory stroma mainly composed of fibroblasts and immune cells (notably macrophages). Infiltrating myeloid cells, mainly macrophages, express high levels of arginase 1 (ARG1), an enzyme that metabolizes L-arginine. In turn, L-arginine is required for CD8+ T cell activation and function. In contrast to myeloid cells, CD8+ T cells are rare in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, and when present, they have an overwhelmingly exhausted phenotype. The goal of my thesis project was to investigate whether myeloid Arg1 drives immune suppression in PDA. I used a dual recombinase mouse model of PDA to delete Arg1 in myeloid cells and a pharmacological approach to inhibit arginase systemically in a syngeneic orthotopic implantation mouse model. In the genetic model, I observed decrease progression to invasive disease and macrophage repolarization. In the implantation model, I observed sensitization to anti-PD1 immune checkpoint treatment and reduced tumor growth upon treatment with the arginase inhibitor, CB-1158. In both settings, changes in tumor growth were accompanied by an increase in CD8+ T cell infiltration and activation. These results reveal that myeloid Arg1 is a mediator of immune suppression in PDA and could be therapeutically targeted to suppress tumor growth.
Application of computer vision techniques for automated road safety analysis and traffic data collection
Creators: name: Ismail, Karim Aldin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Safety and sustainability are the two main themes of this thesis. They are also the two main pillars of a functional transportation system. Recent studies showed that the cost of road collisions in Canada exceeds the cost of traffic congestion by almost tenfold. The reliance on collision statistics alone to enhance road safety is challenged by qualitative and quantitative limitations of collision data. Traffic conflict techniques have been advocated as a proactive and supplementary approach to collision-based road safety analysis. However, the cost of field observation of traffic conflicts coupled with observer subjectivity have inhibited the widespread acceptance of these techniques. This thesis advocates the use of computer vision for conducting automated, resource-efficient, and objective traffic conflict analysis. Video data in this thesis was collected at several national and international locations. Real-world coordinates of road users' positions were extracted by tracking moving features visible on road users from a calibrated camera. Subsequently, road users were classified into pedestrians and non-pedestrians, not differentiating between other road users' classes. Classification was based on automatically-learned and manually-annotated motion patterns. Subsequent to road user tracking, various spatiotemporal proximity measures were implemented to measure the severity of traffic events. The following contributions were achieved in this thesis: i) co-development of a methodology for tracking and classifying road users, ii) development of a methodology for measuring real-world coordinates of road users' positions which appear in video sequences, iii) automated measurement of pedestrian walking speed, iv) investigation of the effect of different factors on pedestrian walking speed, v) development and validation of a methodology for automated detection of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts, vi) investigation of the application of the developed methodology in a before-and-after evaluation of a pedestrian scramble treatment, vii) development of a methodology for aggregating event-level severity measurements into a safety index, viii) development and validation of two methodologies for automated detection of spatial traffic violations. Another contribution of this thesis was the creation of a video library collected from several locations around the world which can significantly aid in future developments in this field.
Polymer blend: a new approach for eliminating curing effect of aqueous dispersion coatings
Creators: name: Abbas, Nasir
name: Irfan, Muhammad
name: Zahoor, Ameer Fawad
name: Khan, Ikram Ullah
name: Syed, Haroon Khalid
name: Rasul, Akhtar
name: Hussain, Amjad
name: Arshad, Mohammad Sohail
name: Mohsin, Noor Ul Amin
name: Iqbal, Furqan Muhammad
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Aqueous dispersion coatings
subject: Polymer blend
subject: Coated pellets
subject: Curing effect
subject: Adhesion
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The aim of present work was to investigate blends of Eudragit® NE 30D with Aquacoat® ECD using different ratios to eliminate curing effect associated with individual polymers. Propranolol HCl 10% w/w was layered onto sugar cores using 5% w/w HPMC as a binder. Drug-layered-cores were coated either with pure or blends of Aquacoat® ECD: Eudragit® NE 30D in a fluidized bed coater to obtain 20% w/w coating level. Talc 35% w/w was used as anti-tacking agent. The pellets were characterized for in vitro dissolution studies, morphology, water uptake-weight loss, osmolality and adhesion of coating after curing at 60 °C or 60 °C/75% RH for 24 h. The findings revealed that Aquacoat® ECD coated pellets showed curing effect due to further gradual coalescence of polymeric particles which resulted into better film formation upon curing. In contrast, the curing effect of Eudragit® NE 30D coated pellets was caused by decrease in adhesion of coatings after curing which provided entirely different swelling behavior of uncured (localized swelling) and cured (uniform swelling) pellets. The undesired curing effect of individual polymers was eliminated by using their blends in appropriate ratio.
Raising Representation? Gender and Village Budgeting Reforms in Indonesia
Creators: name: Paul, Eitan
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Gender and Politics
subject: Community-Driven Development
subject: Local Governance
subject: Village Democracy
subject: Indonesia
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social Sciences

description: In local development, male elites often dominate decision-making and implement policies that sideline women's preferences. This dissertation explores challenges and opportunities to increase the representation of women's interests in local development. It examines the gendered dimensions of participation in village community institutions and village budgeting and the stifling effects of elite capture on village policymaking. These issues are studied in the context of village governance in Indonesia, the world's third largest democracy. In particular, this dissertation evaluates the effects of a novel reform implemented in several Indonesian districts, designed to increase women's participation and the representation of women's preferences in village budgeting. This reform, called musyawarah inklusif, requires village governments to hold separate forums for women and other marginalized groups to submit proposals for village development plans and budgets. This dissertation leverages original data from surveys, survey experiments, and village planning documents to evaluate the effects of musyawarah inklusif and mechanisms that may contribute to its success or failure. Overall, this reform succeeds in amplifying the voices of women community leaders but fails to shift actual spending towards women’s priorities. The evidence shows how elite capture continues to constrain women's participation and the representation of women's preferences even after more women's proposals are submitted through the musyawarah inklusif process. This dissertation contributes to existing literature on gender and politics by identifying specific constraints and opportunities to improve substantive representation. The findings suggest that creating more opportunities for women representatives and other marginalized groups to participate in local governance can be insufficient to expand the substantive representation of their interests for two reasons. First, existing community leaders may continue to dominate participation in the separate consultations and propose different priorities than the preferences of excluded community members. Second, village heads may be reluctant to change their priorities when presented with new information or requirements related to women’s preferences and participation. Understanding these particular challenges may help design more effective reforms aimed at improving the representation of marginalized people's interests in local governance.
Peroral Clove Essential Oil Treatment Ameliorates Acute Campylobacteriosis—Results from a Preclinical Murine Intervention Study
Creators: name: Bereswill, Stefan
name: Mousavi, Soraya
name: Weschka, Dennis
name: Buczkowski, Agnes
name: Schmidt, Sebastian
name: Heimesaat, Markus M.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: clove essential oil
subject: enteropathogenic infection
subject: Campylobacter jejuni
subject: immune-modulatory effects
subject: microbiota-depleted IL-10(-/-) mice
subject: acute campylobacteriosis model
subject: host-pathogen interaction
subject: preclinical intervention study
subject: natural antibiotics-independent compounds
subject: eugenol
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Campylobacter (C.) jejuni infections pose progressively emerging threats to human health worldwide. Given the rise in antibiotic resistance, antibiotics-independent options are required to fight campylobacteriosis. Since the health-beneficial effects of clove have been known for long, we here analyzed the antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects of clove essential oil (EO) during acute experimental campylobacteriosis. Therefore, microbiota-depleted interleukin-10 deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice were perorally infected with C. jejuni and treated with clove EO via drinking water starting on day 2 post-infection. On day 6 post-infection, lower small- and large-intestinal pathogen loads could be assessed in clove EO as compared to placebo treated mice. Although placebo mice suffered from severe campylobacteriosis as indicated by wasting and bloody diarrhea, clove EO treatment resulted in a better clinical outcome and in less severe colonic histopathological and apoptotic cell responses in C. jejuni infected mice. Furthermore, lower colonic numbers of macrophages, monocytes, and T lymphocytes were detected in mice from the verum versus the placebo cohort that were accompanied by lower intestinal, extra-intestinal, and even systemic proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. In conclusion, our preclinical intervention study provides first evidence that the natural compound clove EO constitutes a promising antibiotics-independent treatment option of acute campylobacteriosis in humans.
Designing dark energy afterglow experiments
Creators: name: Upadhye, Amol
name: Steffen, Jason H.
name: Chou, Aaron S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chameleon fields, which are scalar field dark energy candidates, can evade fifth force constraints by becoming massive in high-density regions. However, this property allows chameleon particles to be trapped inside a vacuum chamber with dense walls. Afterglow experiments constrain photon-coupled chameleon fields by attempting to produce and trap chameleon particles inside such a vacuum chamber, from which they will emit an afterglow as they regenerate photons. Here we discuss several theoretical and systematic effects underlying the design and analysis of the GammeV and CHASE afterglow experiments. We consider chameleon particle interactions with photons, Fermions, and other chameleon particles, as well as with macroscopic magnetic fields and matter. The afterglow signal in each experiment is predicted, and its sensitivity to various properties of the experimental apparatus is studied. Finally, we use CHASE data to exclude a wide range of photon-coupled chameleon dark energy models.
description: 29 pages, 31 figures, 1 table
Differential Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Creators: name: Stippl, Anna
name: Kirkgöze, Fatma Nur
name: Bajbouj, Malek
name: Grimm, Simone
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Electroconvulsive therapy
subject: Major depressive disorder
subject: Antidepressant efficacy
subject: Neurobiological markers of ECT response
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background/Aims/Methods: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still one of the most potent treatments in the acute phase of major depressive disorder (MDD) and particularly applied in patients considered treatment resistant. However, despite the frequent and widespread use of ECT for >70 years, the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain unclear. The present review aims to describe differential antidepressant and cognitive effects of ECT as well as effects on markers of neural activity and connectivity, neurochemistry, and inflammation that might underlie the treatment response and remission. Results: Region- specific changes in brain function and volume along with changes in concentrations of neurotransmitters and neuroinflammatory cytokines might serve as potential biomarkers for ECT outcomes. Conclusions: However, as current data is not consistent, future longitudinal investigations should combine modalities such as MRI, MR spectroscopy, and peripheral physiological measures to gain a deeper insight into interconnected time- and modality-specific changes in response to ECT.
Boletín Fármacos: Farmacovigilancia 2022; 25(4)
Creators: name: Salud y Fármacos
Publisher: name: Salud y Fármacos
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicamentos
Farmacovigilancia
Alertas, seguridad y retiros del mercado
Interacciones fármaco-fármaco
Interacciones fármaco-medicina tradicional
Interacciones fármaco-alimento
Reacciones adversas

description: Boletín Fármacos es un boletín electrónico de la organización Salud y Fármacos (https://www.saludyfarmacos.org/) que se publica cuatro veces al año: febrero, mayo, agosto y noviembre.
El Boletín Fármacos: Farmacovigilancia incluye artículos y notas informativas sobre la seguridad de los medicamentos. Abarca temas de investigación; alertas por la solicitud y/o retirada del mercado de medicamentos; los cambios a las etiquetas fichas técnicas de los medicamentos; información sobre posibles interacciones fármaco-fármaco, fármaco-medicina tradicional, fármaco-alimento, reacciones adversas; y algunos otros informes de farmacovigilancia. Está sección suele incluir traducciones de los reconocidos boletines: Worst Pills, Best Pills (Public Citizen), Therapeutics Initiative, y Prescrire.
Este documento corresponde al 2022, Vol. 25, N°4.
Pitfalls in Popular Misinformation Detection Methods and How to Avoid Them
Creators: name: Bozarth, Lia
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: misinformation
subject: fake news
subject: fact checking
subject: crowd wisdom
subject: misinformation detection
subject: Information and Library Science
subject: Social Sciences

description: Misinformation is a major challenge today, and much academic work has been done to study misinformation, including evaluating its prevalence, trend, behavior, and impact. Many scholars have also sought effective mitigation strategies to curtail the spread and influence of misinformation. In this dissertation, we focus on misinformation detection (MID). We evaluate three popular MID approaches: i) expert labeling, ii) automated methods, and iii) crowd wisdom. For each approach, we first review its theorized strength and weaknesses, in addition to its existing and potential real-world applications. We then empirically evaluate the extent of its strength and weaknesses. Our studies identify shared caveats and potential improvements for some or all of the three approaches. Specifically, we demonstrate the need to include domain and task-specific performance evaluation and bias assessment procedures. Similarly, we show that the performance of some of these approaches can change significantly over time and amid external shocks. Additionally, we also reveal that the lack of transparency can have a direct impact on the actual and perceived usability of an approach. Moreover, we demonstrate that user preference for MID approaches is not always about performance and is also not fully rational. Finally, we synthesize our results and formulate concrete strategies to mitigate the observed caveats.
Low-energy sub-gap states in multi-channel Majorana wires
Creators: name: Kells, G.
name: Meidan, D.
name: Brouwer, P. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One-dimensional p-wave superconductors are known to harbor Majorana bound states at their ends. Superconducting wires with a finite width W may have fermionic subgap states in addition to possible Majorana end states. While they do not necessarily inhibit the use of Majorana end states for topological computation, these subgap states can obscure the identification of a topological phase through a density-of-states measurement. We present two simple models to describe low-energy fermionic subgap states. If the wire's width W is much smaller than the superconductor coherence length ξ, the relevant subgap states are localized near the ends of the wire and cluster near zero energy, whereas the lowest-energy subgap states are delocalized if $W \gtrsim ξ$. Notably, the energy of the lowest-lying fermionic subgap state (if present at all) has a maximum for W ~ ξ.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Stadt der Zukunft auf Probe - Auswertung der Bewerbungen zum Projekt
Creators: name: Zöllter, Constanze
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Stadt auf Probe, Probewohnen, Görlitz

description: Auswertung der Bewerbungen zum Projekt "Stadt der Zukunft auf Probe - Ein Wohn- und Arbeitsexperiment für ein klimaneutrales Görlitz". Stand: April 2023 (aktualisierte Version) ! Version von Februar 2023 enthält einen Fehler im Abschnitt 4.1 Assoziationen zu „Klimaneutralität“ und „nachhaltiger Stadtentwicklung“
description: Das Projekt wird im Rahmen der "Nationalen Stadtentwicklungspolitik" vom Bundesministerium für Wohnen, Stadtentwicklung und Bauwesen (BMWSB)/Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung (BBSR) gefördert. Das Leibniz-Institut für ökologische Raumentwicklung (IÖR), vertreten durch das in Görlitz ansässige Interdisziplinäre Zentrum für transformativen Stadtumbau (IZS) setzt das Projekt gemeinsam mit lokalen Partnereinrichtungen um.
Effect of Uphill Running on VO2, Heart Rate and Lactate Accumulation on Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmills
Creators: name: Fleckenstein, Daniel
name: Ueberschär, Olaf
name: Wüstenfeld, Jan C.
name: Rüdrich, Peter
name: Wolfarth, Bernd
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: AlterG
subject: anti-gravity treadmill
subject: body weight support
subject: graded running
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Lower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPTs) as a strategy to reduce musculoskeletal load are becoming more common as part of sports conditioning, although the requisite physiological parameters are unclear. To elucidate their role, ten well-trained runners (30.2 +/- 3.4 years; VO2max: 60.3 +/- 4.2 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) ran at 70% of their individual velocity at VO2max (vVO(2max)) on a LBPPT at 80% body weight support (80% BWSet) and 90% body weight support (90% BWSet), at 0%, 2% and 7% incline. Oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR) and blood lactate accumulation (LA) were monitored. It was found that an increase in incline led to increased VO2 values of 6.8 +/- 0.8 mL kg(-1) min(-1) (0% vs. 7%, p < 0.001) and 5.4 +/- 0.8 mL kg(-1) min(-1) (2% vs. 7%, p < 0.001). Between 80% BWSet and 90% BWSet, there were VO2 differences of 3.3 +/- 0.2 mL kg(-1) min(-1) (p < 0.001). HR increased with incline by 12 +/- 2 bpm (0% vs. 7%, p < 0.05) and 10 +/- 2 bpm (2% vs. 7%, p < 0.05). From 80% BWSet to 90% BWSet, HR increases of 6 +/- 1 bpm (p < 0.001) were observed. Additionally, LA values showed differences of 0.10 +/- 0.02 mmol l(-1) between 80% BWSet and 90% BWSet. Those results suggest that on a LBPPT, a 2% incline (at 70% vVO(2max)) is not yet sufficient to produce significant physiological changes in VO2, HR and LA-as opposed to running on conventional treadmills, where significant changes are measured. However, a 7% incline increases VO2 and HR significantly. Bringing together physiological and biomechanical factors from previous studies into this practical context, it appears that a 7% incline (at 80% BWSet) may be used to keep VO2 and HR load unchanged as compared to unsupported running, while biomechanical stress is substantially reduced.
Crossover from Fermi-Pasta-Ulam to normal diffusive behaviour in heat conduction through open anharmonic lattices
Creators: name: Roy, Dibyendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study heat conduction in one, two and three dimensional anharmonic lattices connected to stochastic Langevin heat baths. The inter-atomic potential of the lattices is double-well type, i.e., $V_{\rm DW}(x)=k_2x^2/2+k_4 x^4/4$ with $k_2<0$ and $k_4>0$. We observe two different temperature regimes of transport: a high-temperature regime where asymptotic length dependence of nonequilibrium steady state heat current is similar to the well-known Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices with an inter-atomic potential, $V_{\rm FPU}(x)=k_2x^2/2+k_4 x^4/4$ with $k_2,k_4>0$. A low temperature regime where heat conduction is diffusive normal satisfying Fourier's law. We present our simulation results at different temperature regimes in all dimensions.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
Measuring the iron content of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra with MRI relaxometry
Creators: name: Brammerloh, Malte
name: Morawski, Markus
name: Friedrich, Isabel
name: Reinert, Tilo
name: Lange, Charlotte
name: Pelicon, Primož
name: Vavpetič, Primož
name: Jankuhn, Steffen
name: Jäger, Carsten
name: Kirilina, Evgeniya
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Substantia nigra
subject: Nigrosome
subject: Quantitative MRI
subject: Neuromelanin
subject: Ion-beam microscopy
subject: Iron-induced contrast
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: In Parkinson's disease, the depletion of iron-rich dopaminergic neurons in nigrosome 1 of the substantia nigra precedes motor symptoms by two decades. Methods capable of monitoring this neuronal depletion, at an early disease stage, are needed for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is particularly suitable for this task due to its sensitivity to tissue microstructure and in particular, to iron. However, the exact mechanisms of MRI contrast in the substantia nigra are not well understood, hindering the development of powerful biomarkers. In the present report, we illuminate the contrast mechanisms in gradient and spin echo MR images in human nigrosome 1 by combining quantitative 3D iron histology and biophysical modeling with quantitative MRI on post mortem human brain tissue. We show that the dominant contribution to the effective transverse relaxation rate (R-2*) in nigrosome 1 originates from iron accumulated in the neuromelanin of dopaminergic neurons. This contribution is appropriately described by a static dephasing approximation of the MRI signal. We demonstrate that the R-2* contribution from dopaminergic neurons reflects the product of cell density and cellular iron concentration. These results demonstrate that the in vivo monitoring of neuronal density and iron in nigrosome 1 may be feasible with MRI and provide directions for the development of biomarkers for an early detection of dopaminergic neuron depletion in Parkinson's disease.
Structure and kinetics in the freezing of nearly hard spheres
Creators: name: Taffs, Jade
name: Williams, Stephen R.
name: Tanaka, Hajime
name: Royall, C. Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider homogeneous crystallisation rates in confocal microscopy experiments on colloidal nearly hard spheres at the single particle level. These we compare with Brownian dynamics simuations by carefully modelling the softness in the interactions with a Yukawa potential, which takes account of the electrostatic charges present in the experimental system. Both structure and dynamics of the colloidal fluid are very well matched between experiment and simulation, so we have confidence that the system simulated is close to that in the experiment. In the regimes we can access, we find reasonable agreement in crystallisation rates between experiment and simulations, noting that the larger system size in experiments enables the formation of critical nuclei and hence crystallisation at lower supersaturations than the simulations. We further examine the structure of the metastable fluid with a novel structural analysis, the topological cluster classification. We find that at densities where the hard sphere fluid becomes metastable, the dominant structure is a cluster of m=10 particles with five-fold symmetry. At a particle level, we find three regimes for the crystallisation process: metastable fluid (dominated by m=10 clusters), crystal and a transition region of frequent hopping between crystal-like environments and other (m\neq10) structures
description: 10 pages
Non-locality of Foldy-Wouthuysen and related transformations for the Dirac equation
Creators: name: Rusin, Tomasz M.
name: Zawadzki, Wlodek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-localities of Foldy-Wouthuysen and related transformations, which are used to separate positive and negative energy states in the Dirac equation, are investigated. Second moments of functional kernels generated by the transformations are calculated, the transformed functions and their variances are computed. It is shown that all the transformed quantities are smeared in the coordinate space by the amount comparable to the Compton wavelength $λ_c=\hbar/mc$.
description: 7 pages, two figures
Optimal Control of Vehicular Formations with Nearest Neighbor Interactions
Creators: name: Lin, Fu
name: Fardad, Makan
name: Jovanović, Mihailo R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider the design of optimal localized feedback gains for one-dimensional formations in which vehicles only use information from their immediate neighbors. The control objective is to enhance coherence of the formation by making it behave like a rigid lattice. For the single-integrator model with symmetric gains, we establish convexity, implying that the globally optimal controller can be computed efficiently. We also identify a class of convex problems for double-integrators by restricting the controller to symmetric position and uniform diagonal velocity gains. To obtain the optimal non-symmetric gains for both the single- and the double-integrator models, we solve a parameterized family of optimal control problems ranging from an easily solvable problem to the problem of interest as the underlying parameter increases. When this parameter is kept small, we employ perturbation analysis to decouple the matrix equations that result from the optimality conditions, thereby rendering the unique optimal feedback gain. This solution is used to initialize a homotopy-based Newton's method to find the optimal localized gain. To investigate the performance of localized controllers, we examine how the coherence of large-scale stochastically forced formations scales with the number of vehicles. We establish several explicit scaling relationships and show that the best performance is achieved by a localized controller that is both non-symmetric and spatially-varying.
description: To appear in IEEE Trans. Automat. Control; 15 pages, 10 figures
Strong-Field QED and High Power Lasers
Creators: name: Heinzl, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This contribution presents an overview of fundamental QED processes in the presence of an external field produced by an ultra-intense laser. The discussion focusses on the basic intensity effects on vacuum polarisation and the prospects for their observation. Some historical remarks are added where appropriate.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures; plenary talk, Euler-Heisenberg session of QFEXT11, Benasque, Spain, September 18-24, 2011
Exploring Historical and Contemporary Causal Problem Framing: Towards a Framework for Research, Teaching, and Assessment
Creators: name: Honold, Alexander
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: problem framing
subject: causal reasoning
subject: history education
subject: wicked and ill-structured problems
subject: current events
subject: Education
subject: Social Sciences

description: One of the core dimensions of historical and social science inquiry is “[d]eveloping questions and planning inquiries” according to the National Council for the Social Studies’ College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework. Yet existing education research, instructional resources, and assessment have ignored how students frame problems in history and the social sciences or what it might look like to support students’ problem framing. This dissertation takes up this work in several ways, focusing specifically on historical and contemporary causal problems. First, the literature review identifies most historical and contemporary causal problems as “wicked” or “ill-structured” and then highlights how historians and other ill-structured domain experts reason about and represent causation. Second, the dissertation presents analysis of three exploratory case studies. The first case study analyzed how an innovative and experienced AP US history teacher represented the characteristics of historical causation for his students. In the two subsequent studies, the dissertation reports how several students worked to frame an ill-structured historical problem and an ill-structured contemporary problem. Unlike traditional document-based inquiry tasks, the task design prompted students to construct an initial problem space rather than jump to evaluate evidence, write an account, or produce a solution. Drawing on the literature and analysis of these studies, the dissertation proposes a framework for researching, teaching and assessing causal problem framing. The framework comprises three key, interrelated dimensions of causal problem framing: establishing the scale of the problem space, identifying agents and structures, and establishing the interaction of causes. Finally, the dissertation explores the implications of this research and framework, including suggested design principles for creating problem framing activities and interventions to support students in seeing the ill-structured nature of causal problems and the tradeoffs inherent in ill-structured problem spaces.
Software Science at the Open Force Field Consortium
Creators: name: Wagner, Jeffrey
name: Rizzi, Andrea
name: Smith, Daniel
name: Bannan, Caitlin
name: Boothroyd, Simon
name: Rodríguez-Guerra, Jaime
name: Horton, Joshua
name: Jang, Hyesu
name: Qiu, Yudong
name: Čondić-Jurkić, Karmen
name: Wang, Lee-Ping
name: Mobley, David
name: Chodera, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Presented at the OpenEye CUP meeting in March 2020. The Open Force Field Consortium focuses on improving small molecule force fields using open software tools. The Consortium stands out because of its open nature: All software, force fields, and development tools are fully open source and broadly available.
Efficient second harmonic generation in a metamaterial with two resonant modes coupled through two varactor diodes
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Toshihiro
name: Tamayama, Yasuhiro
name: Kitano, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an effective method to generate second harmonic (SH) waves using nonlinear metamaterial composed of coupled split ring resonators (CSRRs) with varactor (variable capacitance) diodes. The CSRR structure has two resonant modes: a symmetric mode that resonates at the fundamental frequency and an anti-symmetric mode that resonates at the SH frequency. Resonant fundamental waves in the symmetric mode generate resonant SH waves in the anti-symmetric mode. The double resonance contributes to effective SH radiation. In the experiment, we observe 19.6 dB enhancement in the SH radiation in comparison with the nonlinear metamaterial that resonates only for the fundamental waves.
description: 4pages, 3 figures
Implementation and evaluation of a coupled thermal-structural analysis module for laminated composites in an open-source finite element code
Creators: name: Beaton, Douglas Brian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The aerospace industry invests heavily in the design and manufacture of composite materials. Aircraft components are produced by placing unprocessed composite materials in an autoclave and applying heat and pressure. The desired part geometry is achieved by forming raw composite materials around a tool, typically made of aluminum or other metal. Throughout the cure cycle, temperature changes cause the part and tool to expand at different rates. This differential expansion, combined with composite material properties that evolve over time, produces residual stresses in the part and leads to geometric instabilities (warpage) upon removal from the tool. Excessive warpage can render a part unusable. Errors of this nature can be quite costly, particularly in the aerospace industry where the tools created can be very large. A strong desire exists to predict the warpage and residual stresses imposed by the curing process and incorporate these stresses in the structural design of a component. To accomplish this goal for complex geometries, special additions to the finite element method are required. Commercial finite element programs provide some flexibility for users to implement custom elements and materials. Though, this flexibility has limits: some material models, such as non-local damage models, cannot be incorporated in proprietary software. This work selects an open-source finite element program and implements the ability to model curing processes of composite materials. The thermal and structural equations are solved in a coupled manner during each time step. This contrasts previous work by the UBC Composites Group, wherein the heat equation is solved over the entire model before the structural equations are considered. Numerous verification models are run to confirm the implementation, along with several example problems. Recommendations are made for further work to improve the process modeling and facilitate a link to subsequent structural models. Ultimately, the code produced represents the first step in seamlessly modeling composite structures during manufacturing processes through to in-service conditions.
Boletín Fármacos: Prescripción, Farmacia y Utilización 2022; 25(4)
Creators: name: Salud y Fármacos
Publisher: name: Salud y Fármacos
Year: 2022
Subjects: Prescripción
Farmacia
Utilización
Distribución
Uso adecuado de medicamentos
Covid-19
Innovación
Resistencia microbiana
Cannabis medicinal

description: Boletín Fármacos es un boletín electrónico de la organización Salud y Fármacos (https://www.saludyfarmacos.org/) que se publica cuatro veces al año: febrero, mayo, agosto y noviembre.
El Boletín Fármacos: Prescripción, Farmacia y Utilización informa sobre el rol que diferentes actores (prescriptor, distribuidor, farmacéutico y paciente) y actividades (prescripción, distribución, dispensación y utilización) tienen en el uso adecuado de medicamentos, e incluye recomendaciones para mejorar estos procesos. El volumen incluye las secciones de Prescripción, Farmacia y Distribución, y Utilización. En la sección de Utilización se incluye información sobre como la producción, el consumo o la mala disposición de los remanentes de medicamentos, tanto de consumo humano como en agropecuaria, contamina en el medio ambiente.
Este documento corresponde al 2022, Vol. 25, N°4.
Entdeckend-forschendes Lernen im Kontext einer Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung
Creators: name: Kozakiewicz, Nicolai
name: Bosset, Isabelle
name: Buchner, Josef
name: Reitinger, Johannes
Publisher: name: Verlag Barbara Budrich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Schlüsselwörter: Lernwerkstatt
Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung
entdeckend-forschendes Lernen

description: Der Beitrag diskutiert die konsequente Berücksichtigung einer Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung im Lernarrangement "Heute für morgen handeln" des Regionalen Didaktischen Zentrums Gossau. Auf der Grundlage einer quantitativen Studie wird gezeigt, inwiefern die Integration von überfachlichen Strategien des entdeckend-forschenden Lernens stattfindet. Dabei wird diskutiert, inwiefern dies für den Erwerb relevanter Kompetenzen einer Bildung für (nachhaltige) Lebensführung dienen kann.
Long-term assessment of wastewater treatment by micro-algae bacteria consortia in outdoor raceway reactors
Creators: name: Nordio, Rebecca
name: Sánchez-Zurano, Ana
name: Rodríguez-Miranda, Enrique
name: Guzmán, José Luis
name: Acién, Gabriel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: META, XIV Congreso español de tratamiento de aguas, Seville, Spain - 1-3/06/2022
Exotic non-Abelian anyons from conventional fractional quantum Hall states
Creators: name: Clarke, David J.
name: Alicea, Jason
name: Shtengel, Kirill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Abelian anyons--particles whose exchange noncommutatively transforms a system's quantum state--are widely sought for the exotic fundamental physics they harbor as well as for quantum computing applications. There now exist numerous blueprints for stabilizing the simplest type of non-Abelian anyon, defects binding Majorana modes, by judiciously interfacing widely available materials. Following this line of attack, we introduce a device fabricated from conventional fractional quantum Hall states and s-wave superconductors that supports exotic non-Abelian anyons that bind `parafermions', which can be viewed as fractionalized Majorana fermions. We show that these modes can be experimentally identified (and distinguished from Majoranas) using Josephson measurements. We also provide a practical recipe for braiding parafermions and show that they give rise to non-Abelian statistics. Interestingly, braiding in our setup produces a richer set of topologically protected qubit operations when compared to the Majorana case. As a byproduct, we establish a new, experimentally realistic Majorana platform in weakly spin-orbit-coupled materials such as GaAs.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Chiral waves in quark matter
Creators: name: Broniowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mini-review of non-uniform phases in quark matter is presented, with particular attention to the pion condensation, also known as chiral density waves or chiral spirals. The phase diagram of strongly-interacting matter may involve such a phase, placed on the quarkyonic island between the baryonic phase and the chirally-restored quark-gluon plasma.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, presented at HIC for FAIR Workshop, XXVIII Max Born Symposium "Three days on Quarkyonic Island", Wroclaw, poland, 19-21 May 2011
Zastosowanie aktywnej biblioterapii w ramach kulturowo-zdrowotnej turystyki na wsi
Creators: name: Sokolova, Sofiia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: biblioterapia
terapia zajęciowa
psychoterapia
turystyka kulturowa
stres

description: W artykule przedstawiono podstawy teoretyczne i przykład praktycznego zastosowania biblioterapii jako jednej z efektywnych metod terapii zajęciowej, realizowanej w ramach turystyki kulturowo-zdrowotnej na wsi. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano cele, funkcje i formy biblioterapii. Opisano również pojęcie stresu jako przedmiotu terapii. Szczególną uwagę w artykule poświęcono psycho-emocjonalnej charakterystyce stresu. Określono podstawy turystyki kulturowo-zdrowotnej w środowisku wiejskim jako zasobu antystresowego. Przedstawiono przykład zajęć biblioterapeutycznych z elementem arteterapeutycznym – przygotowanie ukraińskiej świątecznej dekoracji ludowej „Pająk Bożenarodzeniowy”.