Zimankos sakalava Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Barbosa, Diego N.
name: Azevedo, Celso O.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Bethylidae
Zimankos
Zimankos sakalava

description: Zimankos sakalava Barbosa & Azevedo, sp. nov.
(Figs 42, 46–48, 64, 83, 84)
Material examined. Holotype, 3. MADAGASCAR, Mahajanga Province, Parc National de Namoroka 9.8 km 300° WNW Vilanandro, 4– 8. Nov[ember] 2002, 16°28'00''S, 45°21'00''E, California Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ector] Fisher, Griswold et al., Malaise trap tropical dry forest, elev[ation] 140 m, [collection] code: BLF6445, CASENT 2112567 (CASC). Paratypes. MADAGASCAR, Antsiranana, 1 3, Rés[erve] Analamerana 28.4 km 99° Anivorano-Nord, elev[ation] 60 m, 0 5. December 2004, 12 °44'48''S, 49°29'41''E, California Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ector] B.L. Fisher, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) tropical dry forest, [collection code:] BLF11400, CASENT 2089805 (CASC); Mahajanga Province, 2 3, Parc National de Namoroka 17.8 km 329° WNW Vilanandro, elev[ation] 100 m, 8– 12. Nov[ember] 2002, 16°22'36''S, 45°19'36''E, coll[ector] Fisher, Griswold et al., California Acad[emy] of Sciences, Malaise trap, tropical dry forest, collection code: BLF6508, CASENT 2062519 and 2172773 (CASC); 2 3, Parc National de Namoroka 9.8 km 300° WNW Vilanandro, 4– 8. Nov[ember] 2002, 16°28'00''S, 45°21'00''E, California Acad[emy] of Sciences, coll[ector] Fisher, Griswold et al., Malaise trap tropical dry forest, elev[ation] 140 m, [collection] code: BLF6445, CASENT 2112594 and 2112607 (CASC).
Description. Holotype (Fig. 42). MALE. Body 5.36 mm. LFW 3.36 mm.
Colour. Scape, pedicel, trochanters, profemur, mesofemur, metafemur, protibia, mesotibia, metatibia and tarsi castaneous; mandible dark castaneous with apex lighter; flagellum, palpi, tegula, wing venation, procoxa, mesocoxa, metacoxa and metasoma dark castaneous; head and mesosoma dark castaneous nearly black; wings twice-banded.
Head (Fig. 46). Head wider than long, narrow [in lateral view]. Malar space shorter than VOL, parallel. Mandible with three sharpened apical teeth, equally wide in your extension; lower margin straight; lower tooth longer than immediately upper teeth, lower tooth wider than others. Clypeus with median lobe delimitated, quadrate; lateral lobe present, shorter than median lobe, rounded; median clypeal carina arched, complete, straight shape [in dorsal view], above torulus. Intertorular distance less than torulus diameter. Antenna with conspicuous pubescence, erect, sparse, medium; scape curved, with same diameter across extension; pedicel longer than wide, caliciform; first flagellomere longer than pedicel, longer than others; flagellomeres long, cylindrical shape; first five antennal segments in ratio of about 37:20:32:24:24. Frons strongly foveolate. Eye small, round, hairy, its contour protuberant. Ocellar triangle compact, with frontal angle acute; composed by ocelli large; with ocellar fovea present, wide. Temple profile divergent anterad, vertex convex, its corner rounded. Palpi rectangular, cylindrical. Hypostomal carina forming obtuse angle. Dorsal half of occipital carina present, high, with side foveolate; ventral half of occipital carina present, complete, high, with side foveolate. LH 0.94 × WH. WF 1.43 × HE. WF 0.59 × WH. OOL 0.66 × WOT. VOL 0.62 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 1.5 × DAO.
Mesosoma (Figs 47, 48). Pronotal disc 0.7 × as long as wide; densely foveolate; plate groove present, but incomplete; anterior slope inclined in profile; anterior margin convex, with anterior corner angled; trapezoidal shaped, with side slightly concave; longitudinal pronotal furrow present, complete, deep; posterior margin straight. Propleuron with epicoxal sulcus, deep, foveolate. Pleurosternum with epicoxal sulcus, foveolate. Mesoscutum coriaceous, long; longitudinal mesoscutal furrow well impressed; notaulus complete, convergent posteriorly, deep, narrow, polished; parapsidal furrow incomplete, weakly impressed, parallel. Scutellar groove narrow, fused with axilla, arched, not dilated at ends; scutoscutellar sulcus conspicuous; scutellum short, foveolate, plane, not touching propodeal disc, with longitudinal median furrow; axilla polished, shallow. Metanotum overlapping lateral region of scutellum. Propodeal disc shorter than half width, with central fovea fused with propodeal triangle fovea; median carina incomplete; with longitudinal ridge between median and inner discal carinae; sublateral and inner discal carina fused anteriorly; spiracle elliptical; inner discal carina complete; sublateral carina present; lateral carina present; lateral margin sculpture coriaceous; posterior carina failed medially; posterior spine of propodeum present, long, thin, parallel. Declivity of propodeum areolate, with median carina, with lateral carina. Lateral surface of propodeum areolate, with superior carina, not penetrating at spine, with posterior carina. Mesopleuron foveolate, with subtegular fovea continuous with episternal furrow; mesopleural sulcus present, complete, foveolate; episternal furrow with inner margin foveolate.
Wings. Macropterous. Tegula separated of mesoscutum. Fore wing with sparse pilosity; with costal cell very narrow and longitudinally folded; median cell as long as submedian cell; basal vein angulate; transverse median vein biangulate; nebulous cubital vein present; stigma subdeveloped, with distal margin truncate; radial vein slightly curved forward, giving raise at distal margin of stigma. Hind wing with costal vein short; with anal vein long; with one proximal hamuli; with three distal hamuli, first hamuli widely separated from others.
Legs. Metacoxa with dorsal spine, without ventral expansion. Protibia short [1.5× first tarsomere length], with protibial spur short [shorter than half length of first tarsomere]. Tarsi with tarsomeres 1–4 progressively shorter distad, cylindrical; tarsal claw with two sharpened teeth, curved posterad; arolium simple, apex rounded, and large.
Metasoma. 2 × longer than wide; tergum 1 with ventral region coriaceous, with lap of lateral margin, with sparse lateral pilosity; tergum 2 with dorsal region coriaceous, with sparse lateral pilosity, with ventral region polished; terga 3–6 with dorsal region coriaceous, with ventral region coriaceous; with posterior margin of tergites straight, with sparse setae at posterior margin of terga 2–6. Hypopygium (Fig. 64) longer than wide; with hypopygial median stalk partial divided; lateral margin parallel, and slightly convex; with posterior margin bilobate with median indentation, strongly concave, with filamentous branch.
Genitalia (Figs 83, 84). Genital ring protruding dorsally, with distal margin rounded and emarginated. Basivolsella fully outlined from basiparamere, with sparse line of hairs. Paramere fully divided into two arms; dorsal arm of paramere shorter than ventral arm, club-shaped, and with basal margin thin; ventral arm of paramere slender, apex sparse hairy, inner margin straight. Cuspis birramous, with arms distinct; ventral arm aligned with dorsal arm apex, slender, and thin, with apex truncate; dorsal arm wide, and with apex rounded. Aedeagus slender; with pair of apical lobes, with apex aligned with paramere apex, lobes touching each other, with apical margin rounded, lateral of margin of basal portion convex; apodeme divergent, with base straight.
Variations. Body length 4.11–5.36 mm; fore wing length 2.46–3.36 mm. Pedicel light castaneous; flagellum castaneous. Mesonotum with mesoscutum with longitudinal mesoscutal furrow weakly impressed; with scutellum with longitudinal furrow weakly impressed. Propodeum with lateral surface with carinae hardly distinct.
FEMALE unknown.
Remarks. This species is similar to Zimankos alluaudi (Kieffer, 1913) by having the head wider than long; the median clypeal lobe angulate, lateral lobe present and rounded; the antenna with first flagellomere longer than others; the ocellar triangle acute, compact, the ocelli large; the longitudinal pronotal furrow present; the mesoscutum foveolate, with longitudinal mesoscutal furrow present; the scutellum foveolate; the declivity and lateral surface of propodeum with all carinae present; the fore wing with nebulous cubital vein; the hypopygium with filamentous branch and with lateral margin parallel. However Z. sakalava sp. nov. has the notaulus narrow and polished, and parapsidal furrow weakly impressed; the scutellar groove not dilated at ends; the scutellum with longitudinal median furrow; the propodeal disc with median carina incomplete, and with posterior carina failed medially; the lateral surface of propodeum with superior carina not penetrating at spine; the hypopygium with anterior margin unilobate, whereas Z. alluaudi has the notaulus wide and strigate, and parapsidal furrow well impressed; the scutellar groove dilated at ends; the scutellum without longitudinal median furrow; the propodeal disc with median carina complete, and with posterior carina complete; the lateral surface of propodeum with superior carina penetrating at spine; the hypopygium with anterior margin bilobate. These are the new records of species to Zimankos Argaman, 2003, therewith we can confirm the validity of this genus.
description: Published as part of Barbosa, Diego N. & Azevedo, Celso O., 2012, Revision of Mesitiinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar, with description of eleven new species, pp. 1-44 in Zootaxa 3417 on pages 30-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.246276