cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Creating a global visibility for Ghanaian scholarly research: a framework for a national research repository
Creators: name: Darko-Ampem, Kwasi Otu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Open scholarship
institutional repositories
Ghanaian universities
open access
digital repository

description: Background: Starting with the KNUST in 2008 a growing number of Ghanaian universities have established repositories and by 2017, nine more universities and colleges had set up institutional OA repositories (EIFL, n.d. ; Corletey, 2011). Problem: With the number of universities, both public and private standing at just over ninety, the level of penetration is woefully low. Approach: We need a strategy to use the current IRs as models of open research portals for a national resource. Collaboration to create a national institutional repository must be led by the CARLIGH consortium and the Committee of University Librarians and their Deputies (CULD). There is enough expertise and technical know-how to create a national repository for Ghana. In fact, EIFL has launched an advocacy campaign in 2012 for this national resource. Conclusion and recommendations: The country needs a national repository to ensure the visibility of the country's research output. As part of quality assurance, the NAB must require all universities to establish and run institutional repositories with CARLIGH as the local facilitator. Government must fund research to improve on the productivity and build the capacity of Ghanaian researchers.
Time Travel?
Creators: name: Deser, Stanley
name: Jackiw, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To travel into the past, to observe it, perhaps to influence it and correct mistakes of one's youth, has been an abiding fantasy of mankind for as long as we have been aware of a past. Here are described some recent scientific investigations on this topic.
description: 19 double-spaced pages
The nature of the finite temperature QCD transition as a function of the quark masses
Creators: name: Endrodi, G.
name: Fodor, Z.
name: Katz, S. D.
name: Szabo, K. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The finite temperature QCD transition for physical quark masses is a crossover. For smaller quark masses a first-order phase transition is expected. Using Symanzik improved gauge and stout improved fermion action for 2+1 flavour staggered QCD we give estimates/bounds for the phase line separating the first-order region from the crossover one. The calculations are carried out on two different lattice spacings. Our conclusion for the critical mass is $m_0 \lesssim 0.07 \cdot m_{phys}$ for $N_T=4$ and $m_0 \lesssim 0.12 \cdot m_{phys}$ for $N_T=6$ lattices.
description: Talk presented at the XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 30 - August 4 2007, Regensburg, Germany. 7 pages, 6 figures
Fast and simple quantum state estimation
Creators: name: Contreras, Daniel Uzcategui
name: Senno, Gabriel
name: Goyeneche, Dardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an iterative method to solve the multipartite quantum state estimation problem. We demonstrate convergence for any informationally complete set of generalized quantum measurements in every finite dimension. Our method exhibits fast convergence in high dimension and strong robustness under the presence of realistic errors both in state preparation and measurement stages. In particular, for mutually unbiased bases and tensor product of generalized Pauli observables it converges in a single iteration. We show outperformance of our algorithm with respect to the state-of-the-art of maximum likelihood estimation methods both in runtime and fidelity of the reconstructed states.
description: 22 pages. Comments are very welcome!
Amplitude ratios and phases in the Sun and solar-type stars
Creators: name: Guenter Houdek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sun, stars, helioseismology, asteroseismology

description: Amplitude ratios and phases between intensity and velocity measurements of low-degree acoustic modes are compared with model computations for the Sun and solar-type stars. We use model atmospheres from averaged 3D simulations results and a time-dependent convection model in the non-adiabatic radial pulsation calculations. Such comparisons will help to constrain the shape of modelled pulsation eigenfunctions and eventually models for stochastic excitation of solar-like oscillations.
Inhomogeneous Systems with Unusual Critical Behaviour
Creators: name: Iglói, F.
name: Peschel, I.
name: Turban, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase transitions and critical properties of two types of inhomogeneous systems are reviewed. In one case, the local critical behaviour results from the particular shape of the system. Here scale-invariant forms like wedges or cones are considered as well as general parabolic shapes. In the other case the system contains defects, either narrow ones in the form of lines or stars, or extended ones where the couplings deviate from their bulk values according to power laws. In each case the perturbation may be irrelevant, marginal or relevant. In the marginal case one finds local exponents which depend on a parameter. In the relevant case unusual stretched exponential behaviour and/or local first order transitions appear. The discussion combines mean field theory, scaling considerations, conformal transformations and perturbation theory. A number of examples are Ising models for which exact results can be obtained. Some walks and polymer problems are considered, too.
description: 78 pages, Plain TeX and epsf, 16 postscript-figures
title: ADCO, Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0856
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi

description: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0856, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0856, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Clustering kinetics during natural ageing of Al-Cu based alloys with (Mg, Li) additions
Creators: name: Ivanov, Rosen
name: Deschamps, Alexis
name: De Geuser, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Room temperature solute clustering in aluminium alloys, or natural ageing, despite its industrial relevance, is still subject to debate, mostly due to its experimentally challenging nature. To better understand the complex multi-constituents' interactions at play, we have studied ternary and quaternary subsystems based on the Al-Cu alloys, namely Al-Cu-Mg, Al-Cu-Li and Al-Cu-Li-Mg. We used a recently introduced correlative technique using small-angle neutrons and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) to extract the chemically resolved kinetics of room temperature clustering in these alloys, which we completed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and micro-hardness measurements. The comparison of the clustering behaviours of each subsystem allowed us to highlight the paramount role of Mg as a trigger for diffusion and clustering. Indeed, while a strong natural ageing was observed in the Al-Cu-Mg alloy, virtually none was shown for Al-Cu-Li. A very slight addition of Mg (0.4%) to this system, however, drastically changed the situation to a rapid formation of essentially Cu-rich hardening clusters, Mg only joining them later in the reaction. This diffusion enabling effect of Mg is discussed in terms of diffusion mechanism and complex interactions with the quenched-in vacancies.
Particle Production in an expanding universe dominated by dark energy fluid
Creators: name: Batista, A. B.
name: Fabris, J. C.
name: Houndjo, M. J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the fate of particle production in an expanding universe dominated by a perfect fluid with equation of state $p = αρ$. The rate of particle production, using the Bogolioubov coefficients, are determined exactly for any value of $α$ in the case of a flat universe. When the strong energy condition is satisfied, the rate of particle production decreases as time goes on, in agreement to the fact that the four-dimensional curvature decreases with the expansion; the opposite occurs when the strong energy condition is violated. In the phantomic case, the rate of particle production diverges in a finite time. This may lead to a backreaction effect, leading to the avoidance of the big rip singularity, specially if $- 1 > α> - {5/3}$.
description: Latex file, 14 pages, 1 figure in EPS format
Archiving large or restricted datasets with Edinburgh DataVault
Creators: name: Ward, Pauline
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Research Data
Infrastructure
Preservation

description: In order to meet the need of researchers at the University of Edinburgh to archive large datasets and restricted datasets for the long-term, the University set out to build a DataVault system from the codebase previously developed in collaboration with the University of Manchester. This new DataVault is a complementary and integral part of the existing suite of Research Data Management (RDM) tools at Edinburgh; open data up to 100 GB is archived in DataShare and metadata records are brought together with other research outputs in our CRIS (Pure). In this way the Research Data Service is better able to support users taking a holistic approach to RDM as a component of Open Science. Through user engagement and testing, our understanding of user needs has been refined. Challenges relating to usability and resilience have been overcome. The web-based DataVault system allows users to archive multiple terabytes in an affordable, secure archive with a persistent identifier and other metadata discoverable on the CRIS. Future development will implement a review system to allow appropriate management of data over the long-term.
Tidal Evolution of Rubble Piles
Creators: name: Goldreich, Peter
name: Sari, Re'em
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many small bodies in the solar system are believed to be rubble piles, a collection of smaller elements separated by voids. We propose a model for the structure of a self-gravitating rubble pile. Static friction prevents its elements from sliding relative to each other. Stresses are concentrated around points of contact between individual elements. The effective dimensionless rigidity, $\tildeμ_{rubble}$, is related to that of a monolithic body of similar composition and size, $\tildeμ$ by $\tilde μ_{rubble} \sim \tilde μ^{1/2} ε_Y^{-1/2}$, where $ε_Y \sim 10^{-2}$ is the yield strain. This represents a reduction in effective rigidity below the maximum radius, $R_{max}\sim [με_Y/(Gρ^2)]^{1/2}\sim 10^3\km$, at which a rubble pile can exist. Densities derived for binary near-Earth asteroids imply that they are rubble piles. As a consequence, their tidal evolution proceeds $10^3$ to $10^4$ times faster than it would if they were monoliths. This accounts for both the sizes of their semimajor axes and their small orbital eccentricities. We show that our model for the rigidity of rubble piles is compatible with laboratory experiment in sand.
description: 14 pages including 2 figures
Binary and Multitask Classification Model for Dutch Anaphora Resolution: Die/Dat Prediction
Creators: name: Allein, Liesbeth
name: Leeuwenberg, Artuur
name: Moens, Marie-Francine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The correct use of Dutch pronouns 'die' and 'dat' is a stumbling block for both native and non-native speakers of Dutch due to the multiplicity of syntactic functions and the dependency on the antecedent's gender and number. Drawing on previous research conducted on neural context-dependent dt-mistake correction models (Heyman et al. 2018), this study constructs the first neural network model for Dutch demonstrative and relative pronoun resolution that specifically focuses on the correction and part-of-speech prediction of these two pronouns. Two separate datasets are built with sentences obtained from, respectively, the Dutch Europarl corpus (Koehn 2015) - which contains the proceedings of the European Parliament from 1996 to the present - and the SoNaR corpus (Oostdijk et al. 2013) - which contains Dutch texts from a variety of domains such as newspapers, blogs and legal texts. Firstly, a binary classification model solely predicts the correct 'die' or 'dat'. The classifier with a bidirectional long short-term memory architecture achieves 84.56% accuracy. Secondly, a multitask classification model simultaneously predicts the correct 'die' or 'dat' and its part-of-speech tag. The model containing a combination of a sentence and context encoder with both a bidirectional long short-term memory architecture results in 88.63% accuracy for die/dat prediction and 87.73% accuracy for part-of-speech prediction. More evenly-balanced data, larger word embeddings, an extra bidirectional long short-term memory layer and integrated part-of-speech knowledge positively affects die/dat prediction performance, while a context encoder architecture raises part-of-speech prediction performance. This study shows promising results and can serve as a starting point for future research on machine learning models for Dutch anaphora resolution.
Making Local Knowledge Visible: An IR in Kosovo
Creators: name: Gibney, Michele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Institutional repository impact
transition nation
quantitative and qualitative study
systems thinking

description: In 2017, a joint international effort commenced under the direction of the President of University for Business and Technology (UBT) in Kosovo with colleagues from Linnaeus University (Sweden) and University for the Pacific (USA) to define, create and populate a Knowledge Center for UBT which would include an institutional repository (IR). Enlivened by discussion and feedback from the intended recipients, the needs and goals of a UBT IR were identified. Of course, creating and populating an IR is a lengthy process with many potential problems and varied approaches. Discussion of best practices was undertaken early and currently, the UBT Knowledge Center (https://knowledgecenter.ubt-uni.net/) has 1,495 records uploaded. The point of this presentation is not only to discuss the process by which a Kosovo IR began but also the impact of making local knowledge visible to current and future UBT students, as well as regionally and internationally. As part of the author's doctoral research, a study of quantitative and qualitative impact is currently underway on the UBT Knowledge Center. Results from surveying student and faculty at UBT will be shared as well as usage statistics both in country and internationally, drawing conclusions on impact and reach of the project endeavor.
MPEC 2025-D218 : 2025 DZ14
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2025 DZ14

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Glassy, Gardner-like Phenomenology in Minimally Polydisperse Crystalline Systems
Creators: name: Charbonneau, Patrick
name: Corwin, Eric I.
name: Fu, Lin
name: Tsekenis, Georgios
name: van der Naald, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a non-equilibrium phase of matter, the minimally disordered crystal phase, which we find exists between the maximally amorphous glasses and the ideal crystal. Even though these near crystals appear highly ordered, they display glassy and jamming features akin to those observed in amorphous solids. Structurally, they exhibit a power-law scaling in their probability distribution of weak forces and small interparticle gaps as well as a flat density of vibrational states. Dynamically, they display anomalous aging above a characteristic pressure. Quantitatively this disordered crystal phase has much in common with the Gardner-like phase seen in maximally disordered solids. Near crystals should be amenable to experimental realizations in commercially-available particulate systems and are to be indispensable in verifying the theory of amorphous materials.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Probing Collective Migration of a 3-D Embryonic Tissue through Microfluidics with 3-D Bio-etching
Creators: name: Hazar, Melis
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Most embryonic development and tissue self-assembly requires the integration of cell movements within multiple cell layers composed of different cell types, which are integrated with the signaling networks in these 3D environments. Although the role of cell mechanics in tissue self-assembly has been demonstrated, little is known about the mechanical responses of 3D multi-layer tissues to chemical cues. To investigate the collective movements within multilayered tissues, I developed a novel microfluidic technique capable of removing desired height or width of tissue from a composite tissue. I call this technique "3D tissue-etching" because it is analogous to techniques used in the microelectromechanics (MEMS) field where complex 3D structures are built by successively removing material from a monolithic solid through subtractive manufacturing. I used a custom-designed microfluidic control system to deliver a range of tissue etching reagents (detergents, chelators, proteases, etc.) to specific regions of multilayered tissues microsurgically isolated from embryos of the African Clawtoed frog, Xenopus laevis. Xenopus embryos and explanted tissues have long been used to elucidate signaling and other cellular processes during development and here provide an ideal model 3D tissue etching. Long exposure to a narrow etchant stream cuts completely through cell-cell layers to expose the substrate. By reducing the exposure time a single layer may be removed. By controlling the width of the etchant and the exposure time a broader swath of the surface layer may be removed. For more refined etching, after removal of a broad swath the resistance circuits can be switched and a second narrow stream can remove only a single narrow band within the swath exposed cells. I developed tissue-etching techniques that allow me to shape complex multi-layered embryonic tissues. The ability to control 3D stimulation and the form of multicellular tissues will provide extend the tools of tissue engineering to synthesize highly complex 3D integrated multicellular biosystems. Integration of tissue etching in my custom microfluidic system provides a "test-bed" where a range of hypotheses concerning the control and regulation of development and cell differentiation can be implemented and tested.
Real-time Cardiovascular MR with Spatio-temporal Artifact Suppression using Deep Learning - Proof of Concept in Congenital Heart Disease
Creators: name: Hauptmann, Andreas
name: Arridge, Simon
name: Lucka, Felix
name: Muthurangu, Vivek
name: Steeden, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: PURPOSE: Real-time assessment of ventricular volumes requires high acceleration factors. Residual convolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown potential for removing artifacts caused by data undersampling. In this study we investigated the effect of different radial sampling patterns on the accuracy of a CNN. We also acquired actual real-time undersampled radial data in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), and compare CNN reconstruction to Compressed Sensing (CS). METHODS: A 3D (2D plus time) CNN architecture was developed, and trained using 2276 gold-standard paired 3D data sets, with 14x radial undersampling. Four sampling schemes were tested, using 169 previously unseen 3D 'synthetic' test data sets. Actual real-time tiny Golden Angle (tGA) radial SSFP data was acquired in 10 new patients (122 3D data sets), and reconstructed using the 3D CNN as well as a CS algorithm; GRASP. RESULTS: Sampling pattern was shown to be important for image quality, and accurate visualisation of cardiac structures. For actual real-time data, overall reconstruction time with CNN (including creation of aliased images) was shown to be more than 5x faster than GRASP. Additionally, CNN image quality and accuracy of biventricular volumes was observed to be superior to GRASP for the same raw data. CONCLUSION: This paper has demonstrated the potential for the use of a 3D CNN for deep de-aliasing of real-time radial data, within the clinical setting. Clinical measures of ventricular volumes using real-time data with CNN reconstruction are not statistically significantly different from the gold-standard, cardiac gated, BH techniques.
Building high accuracy emulators for scientific simulations with deep neural architecture search
Creators: name: Kasim, M. F.
name: Watson-Parris, D.
name: Deaconu, L.
name: Oliver, S.
name: Hatfield, P.
name: Froula, D. H.
name: Gregori, G.
name: Jarvis, M.
name: Khatiwala, S.
name: Korenaga, J.
name: Topp-Mugglestone, J.
name: Viezzer, E.
name: Vinko, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computer simulations are invaluable tools for scientific discovery. However, accurate simulations are often slow to execute, which limits their applicability to extensive parameter exploration, large-scale data analysis, and uncertainty quantification. A promising route to accelerate simulations by building fast emulators with machine learning requires large training datasets, which can be prohibitively expensive to obtain with slow simulations. Here we present a method based on neural architecture search to build accurate emulators even with a limited number of training data. The method successfully accelerates simulations by up to 2 billion times in 10 scientific cases including astrophysics, climate science, biogeochemistry, high energy density physics, fusion energy, and seismology, using the same super-architecture, algorithm, and hyperparameters. Our approach also inherently provides emulator uncertainty estimation, adding further confidence in their use. We anticipate this work will accelerate research involving expensive simulations, allow more extensive parameters exploration, and enable new, previously unfeasible computational discovery.
Induced QCD and Hidden Local ZN Symmetry
Creators: name: Kogan, Ian I
name: Semenoff, Gordon W
name: Weiss, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a lattice model for induced lattice QCD which was recently proposed by Kazakov and Migdal has a $Z_N$ gauge symmetry which, in the strong coupling phase, results in a local confinement where only color singlets are allowed to propagate along links and all Wilson loops for non-singlets average to zero. We argue that, if this model is to give QCD in its continuum limit, it must have a phase transition. We give arguments to support presence of such a phase transition.
An effective automatic processing engine for improving the multi-GNSS constellation precise orbit prediction
Creators: name: Chen, Xinghan
name: Ge, Maorong
name: Zuo, Xiang
name: Schuh, Harald
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften
subject: parallel processing
subject: prediction time
subject: RNSS
subject: orbit fitting

description: Orbit prediction (OP) recently tends to be a very crucial step for supporting real-time GNSS orbit services due to the dynamic stability of navigation satellite orbits. The OP performance depends on the length of the predicted orbits and the accuracy of precise orbit determination (POD) as basis. Considering this, a new automatic processing engine is established for improving the multiple global navigation satellite systems (multi-GNSS) constellation OP performance. From the architecture-oriented high-performance parallel processing perspective, the multi-node and multi-core computer sources are fully exploited to implement the hourly update of the current multi-GNSS POD. For MEO-type satellites (e.g., Galileo satellites), the accuracy of predicted orbits is improved from 3.8 cm, 6.5 cm, and 12.3 cm to 3.5 cm, 4.3 cm, and 6.3 cm, in the radial, cross, and along directions, respectively, compared to the three-hour POD update. Despite the shortened OP length, the OP performance of regional navigation satellite system (RNSS) satellites is still limited due to their regional observability. The BDS-IGSO and QZSS-IGSO satellitesexhibit radial directional orbital errors of up to 36.9 cm and 28.9 cm, respectively. Therefore, an orbit fitting (OF) processing method with orbit reconstruction is implemented into the processing engine. By utilizing this method, the radial orbital errors for BDS-IGSO and QZSS-IGSO satellites can be reduced to 7.0 cm and 10.4 cm, respectively. The mean real-time positioning errors are thus reduced from 28.3 to 18.4 cm and from 24.4 to 18.2 cm in the horizontal and vertical components, respectively.
Tidal stripping as a possible origin of the ultra diffuse galaxy lacking dark matter
Creators: name: Ogiya, Go
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations revealed a mysterious ultra diffuse galaxy, NGC1052-DF2, in the group of a large elliptical galaxy, NGC1052. Compared to expectations from abundance matching models, the dark matter mass contained in NGC1052-DF2 is smaller by a factor of $\sim 400$. We utilize controlled $N$-body simulations of the tidal interaction between NGC1052 and a smaller satellite galaxy, that we suppose as the progenitor of NGC1052-DF2, to test if tidal stripping can explain dark-matter deficiency at such levels. We find that when assuming a tightly bound and quite radial orbit and cored density structure for the dark halo of the satellite, our simulations reproduce well both the mass profile and the effective radius inferred from the observations of NGC1052-DF2. Orbital parameters are in the tail, but still consistent with measurements of their distributions from cosmological simulations. Such strongly dark-matter deficient galaxies, in our scenario, are thus expected to be relatively rare in groups and clusters, and not present in the field.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRASL. reran simulations with the revised parameter set. halo structural and orbital parameters are consistent with those in cosmological simulations. main conclusion unchanged
Probabilistic-Cost Enforcement of Security Policies in Distributed Systems
Creators: name: Mallios, Ioannis
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Computer and network security has become of paramount importance in our everyday lives. Cyber attacks can lead to a wide range of undesirable situations ranging from breaches of personal information and confidential data to loss of human lives. One way to protect computer and network systems is through the use of technical (i.e., software and hardware) security mechanisms, such as firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). Previous work has introduced formal frameworks that can be used to model such technical security mechanisms. Such formal frameworks help us: (1) understand the fundamental limitations of security mechanisms, (2) verify the correctness of the design of security mechanisms, and (3) efficiently design secure systems. While these frameworks provided an important first step for the modeling of security mechanisms and the analysis of their enforcement capabilities, they were able to model only individual security mechanisms and they could not be used to compare the cost of different monitoring designs. In this thesis we present formal frameworks for modeling and reasoning about a larger class of security mechanisms and enforcement scenarios than previous research. We demonstrate how our frameworks can be used to model different types and architectures of security mechanisms, both for centralized and distributed systems (e.g., IDSs and distributed IDSs). We use our frameworks to identify and prove new lower and upper bounds of the enforceable security policies by security mechanisms. These results extend the list of bounds of enforceable security policies identified by previous research and broaden our understanding of fundamental limitations of the enforcement capabilities of security mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate how to compare the expected cost of different designs of security mechanisms.
Electron-Positron Plasma Generation in a Magnetar Magnetosphere
Creators: name: Istomin, Ya. N.
name: Sobyanin, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the electron-positron plasma generation processes in the magnetospheres of magnetars - neutron stars with strong surface magnetic fields, B = 10^(14) - 10^(15) G. We show that the photon splitting in a magnetic field, which is effective at large field strengths, does not lead to the suppression of plasma multiplication, but manifests itself in a high polarization of gamma-ray photons. A high magnetic field strength does not give rise to the second generation of particles produced by synchrotron photons. However, the density of the first-generation particles produced by curvature photons in the magnetospheres of magnetars can exceed the density of the same particles in the magnetospheres of ordinary radio pulsars. The plasma generation inefficiency can be attributed only to slow magnetar rotation, which causes the energy range of the produced particles to narrow. We have found a boundary in the P - Pdot diagram that defines the plasma generation threshold in a magnetar magnetosphere.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0076r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0076r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IX, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 193 (11 H 78), f. 0076r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Dynamics of Nonequilibrium Processes: Surface Adsorption, Reaction-Diffusion Kinetics, Ordering and Phase Separation, a short review contributed to the book "Trends in Statistical Physics,"
Creators: name: Privman, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This short review covers a wide selection of topics from a multidisciplinary area of dynamics of nonequilibrium systems in physics, chemistry, biology. Theoretical models of colloid particle and protein deposition and adhesion at surfaces, accompanied by relaxation processes, of reaction kinetics with and without diffusion, of phase coarsening and nucleation, will be surveyed. The unifying feature of these systems is the importance of fluctuations and many-body, multiparticle collective effects, in determining the dynamical behavior which is typically nonclassical.
description: 9 pages, TeX (plain)
Variational Message Passing with Structured Inference Networks
Creators: name: Lin, Wu
name: Hubacher, Nicolas
name: Khan, Mohammad Emtiyaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent efforts on combining deep models with probabilistic graphical models are promising in providing flexible models that are also easy to interpret. We propose a variational message-passing algorithm for variational inference in such models. We make three contributions. First, we propose structured inference networks that incorporate the structure of the graphical model in the inference network of variational auto-encoders (VAE). Second, we establish conditions under which such inference networks enable fast amortized inference similar to VAE. Finally, we derive a variational message passing algorithm to perform efficient natural-gradient inference while retaining the efficiency of the amortized inference. By simultaneously enabling structured, amortized, and natural-gradient inference for deep structured models, our method simplifies and generalizes existing methods.
description: Added a missing term in the gradient of the lower bound
Probabilistic Models of Topics and Social Events
Creators: name: Wei, Wei
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Structured probabilistic inference has shown to be useful in modeling complex latent structures of data. One successful way in which this technique has been applied is in the discovery of latent topical structures of text data, which is usually referred to as topic modeling. With the recent popularity of mobile devices and social networking, we can now easily acquire text data attached to meta information, such as geo-spatial coordinates and time stamps. This metadata can provide rich and accurate information that is helpful in answering many research questions related to spatial and temporal reasoning. However, such data must be treated differently from text data. For example, spatial data is usually organized in terms of a two dimensional region while temporal information can exhibit periodicities. While some work existing in the topic modeling community that utilizes some of the meta information, these models largely focused on incorporating metadata into text analysis, rather than providing models that make full use of the joint distribution of metainformation and text. In this thesis, I propose the event detection problem, which is a multidimensional latent clustering problem on spatial, temporal and topical data. I start with a simple parametric model to discover independent events using geo-tagged Twitter data. The model is then improved toward two directions. First, I augmented the model using Recurrent Chinese Restaurant Process (RCRP) to discover events that are dynamic in nature. Second, I studied a model that can detect events using data from multiple media sources. I studied the characteristics of different media in terms of reported event times and linguistic patterns. The approaches studied in this thesis are largely based on Bayesian nonparametric methods to deal with steaming data and unpredictable number of clusters. The research will not only serve the event detection problem itself but also shed light into a more general structured clustering problem in spatial, temporal and textual data.
Automatic data enrichment: merging metadata from several sources
Creators: name: Neumann, Kathleen
name: Lützenkirchen, Frank
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Automatic metadata import
ORCID
author identification
Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS)

description: Today it is possible to uniquely identify authors and publications on common and well established ID systems such as ORCID, ISBN or DOI. Databases like CrossRef, Datacite, PubMed, IEEE or Scopus share their data using often freely accessible APIs. This opens completely new ways to automatically retrieve, merge, link, and enrich publication data. We would like to introduce an improved mechanism for importing and enriching bibliographic data, the so called "Enrichment Resolver". Incompleteness and ambiguity of publication metadata is common. Enriching data from external sources helps us to create the best possible version of every single metadata record. Looking at the author entries, it is our goal to get the most complete version of it, including person identifiers like OCRID, Scopus ID and other. Additionally, extra services like DOAJ or OADOI will be used to get further information like the open access state of the publication, which also can be added to the imported metadata. We would like to present how a "self-filling" publication repository or institutional bibliography could work like: Starting from an institutional identifier, we can get a list of institution members linked to their ORCID profiles, find publications there, import and enrich that publication data from various sources
On Two-Current Realization of KP Hierarchy
Creators: name: Aratyn, H.
name: Ferreira, L. A.
name: Gomes, J. F.
name: Zimerman, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple description of the KP hierarchy and its multi-hamiltonian structure is given in terms of two Bose currents. A deformation scheme connecting various W-infinity algebras and relation between two fundamental nonlinear structures are discussed. Properties of Faá di Bruno polynomials are extensively explored in this construction. Applications of our method are given for the Conformal Affine Toda model, WZNW models and discrete KP approach to Toda lattice chain.
description: 28 pages, IFT-P/020/92-SAO-PAULO, Latex
OPUS Deliverable 2.1 Interventions to test in the pilots
Creators: name: Day, Emma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This report is D2.1 of the OPUS project on Interventions to Test in the Pilots. It proposes a first draft framework of interventions that has been designed to support and accompany the OPUS Research Assessment Framework (RAF) which offers a comprehensive suite of indicators and metrics for research-performing organisations (RPOs) and research-funding organisations (RFOs) to assess researchers for career progression and grant applications. It will also support a specific framework of indicators and metrics to incentivise and reward Open Science career practice, the Open Science Career Assessment Matrix (OSCAM). Detailed description of the framework can be found in D3.1 Indicators/Metrics to Test in the Pilots which should be read in partnership with this document.This is intended to be a draft framework which will then be tested in two ways during the OPUS project. Firstly, it will be open to wider sector consultation which we intend will be credible and robust to align and build on existing similar initiatives that are in progress for example, the Coalition for Advancing Research Assessment (COARA) and another Horizon Europe project GRASP OS. Secondly it will be tested as part of the OPUS project in our three-pilot RPOs and two RFOs. Feedback will then be incorporated and considered in detail to inform the final versions of the two complementary frameworks – D2.4 Interventions for Open Science and D3.4 Indicators for Open Science.
Physical content of Quadratic Gravity
Creators: name: Alvarez, Enrique
name: Anero, Jesus
name: Gonzalez-Martin, Sergio
name: Santos-Garcia, Raquel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently undergone an analysis of gravitational theories as defined in first order formalism, where the metric and the connection are treated as independent fields. The physical meaning of the connection field has historically been somewhat elusive. In this paper, a complete spin analysis of the torsionless connection field is performed, and its consequences are explored. The main properties of a hypothetical consistent truncation of the theory are discussed as well.
description: Appendix added. References added
Lyman continuum leakage versus quenching with the James Webb Space Telescope: The spectral signatures of quenched star formation activity in reionization-epoch galaxies
Creators: name: Binggeli, C.
name: Zackrisson, E.
name: Pelckmans, K.
name: Cubo, R.
name: Jensen, H.
name: Shimizu, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the effects of a recent drop in star formation rate (SFR) on the spectra of epoch of reionization (EoR) galaxies, and the resulting degeneracy with the spectral features produced by extreme Lyman continuum leakage. In order to study these effects in the wavelength range relevant for the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), we utilize synthetic spectra of simulated EoR galaxies from cosmological simulations together with synthetic spectra of partially quenched mock galaxies. We find that rapid declines in the SFR of EoR galaxies could seriously affect the applicability of methods that utilize the equivalent width of Balmer lines and the ultraviolet spectral slope to assess the escape fraction of EoR galaxies. In order to determine if the aforementioned degeneracy can be avoided by using the overall shape of the spectrum, we generate mock NIRCam observations and utilize a classification algorithm to identify galaxies that have undergone quenching. We find that while there are problematic cases, JWST/NIRCam or NIRSpec should be able to reliably identify galaxies with redshifts $z\sim 7$ that have experienced a significant decrease in the SFR (by a factor 10-100) in the past 50-100 Myr with a success rate $\gtrsim 85\%$. We also find that uncertainties in the dust-reddening effects on EoR galaxies significantly affect the performance of the results of the classification algorithm. We argue that studies that aim to characterize the dust extinction law most representative in the EoR would be extremely useful.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Probabilistic Models for Collecting, Analyzing, and Modeling Expression Data
Creators: name: Hai-Son Phuoc Le
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Advances in genomics allow researchers to measure the complete set of transcripts in cells. These transcripts include messenger RNAs (which encode for proteins) and microRNAs, short RNAs that play an important regulatory role in cellular networks. While this data is a great resource for reconstructing the activity of networks in cells, it also presents several computational challenges. These challenges include the data collection stage which often results in incomplete and noisy measurement, developing methods to integrate several experiments within and across species, and designing methods that can use this data to map the interactions and networks that are activated in specific conditions. Novel and efficient algorithms are required to successfully address these challenges. In this thesis, we present probabilistic models to address the set of challenges associated with expression data. First, we present a novel probabilistic error correction method for RNA-Seq reads. RNA-Seq generates large and comprehensive datasets that have revolutionized our ability to accurately recover the set of transcripts in cells. However, sequencing reads inevitably contain errors, which affect all downstream analyses. To address these problems, we develop an efficient hidden Markov modelbased error correction method for RNA-Seq data . Second, for the analysis of expression data across species, we develop clustering and distance function learning methods for querying large expression databases. The methods use a Dirichlet Process Mixture Model with latent matchings and infer soft assignments between genes in two species to allow comparison and clustering across species. Third, we introduce new probabilistic models to integrate expression and interaction data in order to predict targets and networks regulated by microRNAs. Combined, the methods developed in this thesis provide a solution to the pipeline of expression analysis used by experimentalists when performing expression experiments.