cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Habropoda excellens
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Habropoda excellens (Timberlake, 1962) **
[Holotype: CASC; ♀ Walker Pass, Kern Co., California, USA; September 26, 1957]
Habropoda excellens represents a new species record for Mexico and our recent record in the Baja California Mountains significantly widens its distribution range. The BBPT collected a male specimen in September 2021 within the transitional zone between the Baja California Mountains and the Lower Colorado Desert (MABC). See fig. 81.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Virus e microbi: una minaccia per Marte?
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Un team internazionale di scienziati ha scoperto che nella zona iper-arida del deserto di Atacama, caratterizzata da una siccità estrema e da una forte escursione termica, si trovano in realtà virus che hanno infettato batteri e si sono diffusi per oltre 200 chilometri. Tali virus sarebbero probabilmente in grado di diffondersi anche sul Pianeta rosso. Tutti i dettagli su MSystems e Microbiome
Should we all work harder? A critical assessment of James Buchanan's writings on the work ethic and economic progress
Creators: name: Smith, James Franklin
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Economics began as an offshoot of moral philosophy. However, in the two centuries since Adam Smith, economists have increasingly downplayed ethical issues, to the point where many now think of their discipline as a purely positive, value-neutral science. Yet there continue to be those within the profession who incorporate explicitly ethical themes in their work. One of these dissenters is James Buchanan, a Nobel Prize winner best known for his pioneering work in public choice analysis. This dissertation offers a critical analysis of Buchanan's ideas on the link between ethical norms and economic theory, and specifically of his methodological-individualist rationale for one particular ethical norm: the work ethic. As of this writing, there is little secondary literature on this topic. This dissertation therefore represents an initial contribution to any future dialogue on the merits of Buchanan's model, from the specific perspective of economic theory and the history of economic thought. It will be argued here that Buchanan's foray into this domain is a thought-provoking effort to extend economic reasoning in a new direction, but that his specific arguments concerning the work ethic have some serious flaws and omissions at this point in their development. These specific problems include the following: (1) Buchanan fails to account for important negative externalities associated with an increase in work effort, which may partly or wholly offset the positive externality upon which his argument is built; (2) Buchanan fails to explain how we can make sense of the concept of subjective Pareto improvement when the systemic change in question---the introduction of an ethical norm---alters individuals' preferences in the post-norm context; (3) Buchanan fails to address the possibility that the economic benefits of a work ethic might entail consequences that fundamentally conflict with other ends that individuals may value. In addition, a number of other concerns raised by Buchanan's analysis are briefly sketched. Despite the flaws of this model, it is suggested in conclusion that Buchanan's approach to the analysis of ethical norms is a creative application of economic logic, which deserves more attention from economic theorists than it has hitherto received.
Spin-orbit-induced correlations of the local density of states in two-dimensional electron gas
Creators: name: Apalkov, V. M.
name: Raikh, M. E.
name: Shapiro, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the local density of states (LDOS) of two-dimensional electrons in the presence of spin-orbit (SO) coupling. Although SO coupling has no effect on the average density of states, it manifests itself in the correlations of the LDOS. Namely, the correlation function acquires two satellites centered at energy difference equal to the SO splitting, $2ω_{SO}$, of the electron Fermi surface. For a smooth disorder the satellites are well separated from the main peak. Weak Zeeman splitting $ω_{Z} \ll ω_{SO}$ in a parallel magnetic field causes an anomaly in the shape of the satellites. We consider the effect of SO-induced satellites in the LDOS correlations on the shape of the correlation function of resonant-tunneling conductances at different source-drain biases, which can be measured experimentally. This shape is strongly sensitive to the relation between $ω_{SO}$ and $ω_{Z}$.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of Self-rated joint hypermobility: the five-part questionnaire evaluated in a Swedish non-clinical adult population
Creators: name: Glans, Martin
name: Humble, Mats B.
name: Elwin, Marie
name: Bejerot, Susanne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Contains Table S2. Evaluation of validity of the Swedish 5PQ. Tested against various cut-off scores on the reference test.
Pianeti extrasolari, adulti in fretta
Creators: Ufficio stampa Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Grazie a una collaborazione tra ricercatori dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica e dell’Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, insieme ad altre istituzioni di Spagna, Germania, Belgio, Regno Unito e Messico, è stato possibile misurare le masse dei pianeti giganti del sistema extrasolare V1298 Tau, avente un’età di appena 20 milioni di anni. Sono state utilizzate misure di velocità radiale ottenute, in particolare, dagli spettrografi Harps-N (al Telescopio nazionale Galileo), e Carmenes (Osservatorio di Calar Alto). I risultati, pubblicati oggi su Nature Astronomy, dimostrano che questo tipo di oggetti celesti possono raggiungere il loro “peso forma” molto prima di quanto si pensasse in precedenza
Comparing two perturbation methods for ensemble forecasting in the case of an anomaly regime shift: Part 1
Creators: name: Navarro, Bradley
name: Gilmour, Isla
name: Bevirt, Brian
name: Barnes, Timothy
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2001
Subjects: Random perturbation
Community Climate Model
Forecast
Anomaly correlation coefficient

This study uses the random perturbation method to forecast 500-mb heights during a height anomaly regime shift during late December 1985 and early January 1986. The random perturbation method randomly generates perturbations from an analysis within a range of analysis error. The resulting perturbations are then used as initial conditions to create a 12-day forecast using NCAR reanalysis data in the NCAR Community Climate Model. The breeding vector method is also discussed in preparation for part 2 of this study. The breeding vector method randomly generates perturbations, then integrates the perturbations in the model for six 12-hour periods, subtracting the difference vectors from a control integration that is run parallel with the breeding vectors and rescaling after each integration. After the six integrations, the resulting initial condition is used to generate a 12-day forecast. The anomaly correlation coefficient, which represents a skill score, is then calculated for each member of the ensemble, the ensemble mean, and for the control. The random perturbation method is found to have only a slightly higher skill score than the control throughout the 12-day forecast for this case of an anomaly regime shift. However, the skill scores show that an outlying member is occasionally significantly more correct, especially when applied to extreme events such as an anomaly regime shift. The skill scores also show that both the mean of the random perturbation members and the control have a useful forecast skill out to nine days, after which the skill scores drop below a useful level.
Variable-lag Granger Causality and Transfer Entropy for Time Series Analysis
Creators: name: Amornbunchornvej, Chainarong
name: Zheleva, Elena
name: Berger-Wolf, Tanya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: G.3; I.2.3; I.2.6; J.4
subject: 91-08, 68T05, 62-07

description: Granger causality is a fundamental technique for causal inference in time series data, commonly used in the social and biological sciences. Typical operationalizations of Granger causality make a strong assumption that every time point of the effect time series is influenced by a combination of other time series with a fixed time delay. The assumption of fixed time delay also exists in Transfer Entropy, which is considered to be a non-linear version of Granger causality. However, the assumption of the fixed time delay does not hold in many applications, such as collective behavior, financial markets, and many natural phenomena. To address this issue, we develop Variable-lag Granger causality and Variable-lag Transfer Entropy, generalizations of both Granger causality and Transfer Entropy that relax the assumption of the fixed time delay and allow causes to influence effects with arbitrary time delays. In addition, we propose methods for inferring both variable-lag Granger causality and Transfer Entropy relations. In our approaches, we utilize an optimal warping path of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to infer variable-lag causal relations. We demonstrate our approaches on an application for studying coordinated collective behavior and other real-world casual-inference datasets and show that our proposed approaches perform better than several existing methods in both simulated and real-world datasets. Our approaches can be applied in any domain of time series analysis. The software of this work is available in the R-CRAN package: VLTimeCausality.
description: This preprint is the extension of the work [arXiv:1912.10829] entitled "Variable-lag Granger Causality for Time Series Analysis" by the same authors. The revision was made based on reviewers' suggestions. The R package is available at https://github.com/DarkEyes/VLTimeSeriesCausality
Common Value Auctions with Return Policies
Creators: name: Wang, Ruqu
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Wang, Ruqu
name: Zhang, Jun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: auctions
subject: return policies
subject: refund

description: This paper examines the role of return policies in common value auctions. We first characterize the unique symmetric equilibrium in first-price and second-price auctions with continuous signals and discrete common values when certain return policies are provided. We then examine how the return policies affect a seller’s revenue. When the lowest common value is zero, a more generous return policy generates a higher seller’s revenue; the full refund policy extracts all the surplus and therefore implements the optimal selling mechanism; given any return policy, a second-price auction generates a higher revenue than a first-price auction. In a second-price auction where the lowest common value is not zero but still smaller than the seller’s reservation value, then a more generous return policy also generates a higher revenue; otherwise, the optimal return policy could be a full refund, no refund or partial refund policy.
Pixel centroid characterization with laser speckle and application to the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope detector arrays
Creators: name: Hirata, Christopher M.
name: Merchant, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will use its wide-field instrument to carry out a suite of sky surveys in the near infrared. Several of the science objectives of these surveys, such as the measurement of the growth of cosmic structure using weak gravitational lensing, require exquisite control of instrument-related distortions of the images of astronomical objects. Roman will fly 4kx4k Teledyne H4RG-10 infrared detector arrays. This paper investigates whether the pixel centroids are located on a regular grid by projecting laser speckle patterns through a double slit aperture onto a non-flight detector array. We develop a method to reconstruct the pixel centroid offsets from the stochastic speckle pattern. Due to the orientation of the test setup, only x-offsets are measured here. We test the method both on simulations, and by injecting artificial offsets into the real images. We use cross-correlations of the reconstructions from different speckle realizations to determine how much of the variance in the pixel offset maps is signal (fixed to the detector) and how much is noise. After performing this reconstruction on 64x64 pixel patches, and fitting out the best-fit linear mapping from pixel index to position, we find that there are residual centroid offsets in the x (column) direction from a regular grid of 0.0107 pixels RMS (excluding shifts of an entire row relative to another, which our speckle patterns cannot constrain). This decreases to 0.0097 pix RMS if we consider residuals from a quadratic rather than linear mapping. These RMS offsets include both the physical pixel offsets, as well as any apparent offsets due to cross-talk and remaining systematic errors in the reconstruction. We comment on the advantages and disadvantages of speckle scene measurements as a tool for characterizing the pixel-level behavior in astronomical detectors.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, to be submitted to PASP
Structured jets in TeV BL Lac objects and radiogalaxies
Creators: name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Chiaberge, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TeV BL Lacertae objects require extreme relativistic bulk motion in the gamma-ray emission region, but at the VLBI scale their radio knots hardly move. The same sources show evidence, in radio, of a structure made of a fast spine plus a slow layer. We propose that this structure exists even on the spatial scale of regions responsible for the gamma-ray emission. One component sees the (beamed) radiation produced by the other, and this enhances the inverse Compton emission of both components. In addition, this allows the magnetic field to be nearly in equipartition with the emitting particles. The inverse Compton emission of the spine is anisotropic in its frame, possibly producing the deceleration of the spine by the Compton rocket effect. In this scenario, also the slow layer is a relatively strong high energy emitter, and thus radiogalaxies become potentially detectable by GLAST.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, revised version accepted for publication in A&A
Should we all work harder? A critical assessment of James Buchanan's writings on the work ethic and economic progress
Creators: name: Smith, James Franklin
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Economics began as an offshoot of moral philosophy. However, in the two centuries since Adam Smith, economists have increasingly downplayed ethical issues, to the point where many now think of their discipline as a purely positive, value-neutral science. Yet there continue to be those within the profession who incorporate explicitly ethical themes in their work. One of these dissenters is James Buchanan, a Nobel Prize winner best known for his pioneering work in public choice analysis. This dissertation offers a critical analysis of Buchanan's ideas on the link between ethical norms and economic theory, and specifically of his methodological-individualist rationale for one particular ethical norm: the work ethic. As of this writing, there is little secondary literature on this topic. This dissertation therefore represents an initial contribution to any future dialogue on the merits of Buchanan's model, from the specific perspective of economic theory and the history of economic thought. It will be argued here that Buchanan's foray into this domain is a thought-provoking effort to extend economic reasoning in a new direction, but that his specific arguments concerning the work ethic have some serious flaws and omissions at this point in their development. These specific problems include the following: (1) Buchanan fails to account for important negative externalities associated with an increase in work effort, which may partly or wholly offset the positive externality upon which his argument is built; (2) Buchanan fails to explain how we can make sense of the concept of subjective Pareto improvement when the systemic change in question---the introduction of an ethical norm---alters individuals' preferences in the post-norm context; (3) Buchanan fails to address the possibility that the economic benefits of a work ethic might entail consequences that fundamentally conflict with other ends that individuals may value. In addition, a number of other concerns raised by Buchanan's analysis are briefly sketched. Despite the flaws of this model, it is suggested in conclusion that Buchanan's approach to the analysis of ethical norms is a creative application of economic logic, which deserves more attention from economic theorists than it has hitherto received.
Experimental Identification of the Kink Instability as a Poloidal Flux Amplification Mechanism for Coaxial Gun Spheromak Formation
Creators: name: Hsu, S. C.
name: Bellan, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetohydrodynamic kink instability is observed and identified experimentally as a poloidal flux amplification mechanism for coaxial gun spheromak formation. Plasmas in this experiment fall into three distinct regimes which depend on the peak gun current to magnetic flux ratio, with (I) low values resulting in a straight plasma column with helical magnetic field, (II) intermediate values leading to kinking of the column axis, and (III) high values leading immediately to a detached plasma. Onset of column kinking agrees quantitatively with the Kruskal-Shafranov limit, and the kink acts as a dynamo which converts toroidal to poloidal flux. Regime II clearly leads to both poloidal flux amplification and the development of a spheromak configuration.
description: accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Opioid drug discrimination: Characterization of the morphine stimulus
Creators: name: Stevenson, Glenn William
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: There have been few assessments of delta receptor activity in morphine drug discrimination learning (DDL) and these assessments have been limited to nonselective compounds or selective delta peptides administered i.c.v. Experiment 1 assessed the role of the delta receptor in the mediation of morphine drug discrimination by examining the ability of the systemically-administered, delta opioid agonist SNC80 to substitute for (and the delta opioid antagonist naltrindole to antagonize) morphine stimulus effects in rats trained to discriminate morphine from its vehicle in the conditioned taste aversion baseline of drug discrimination learning. Although morphine and methadone produced dose-related substitution for morphine (10 mg/kg), there was no evidence of substitution for morphine by SNC80 at any dose tested. Further, although naloxone (3.2 mg/kg) completely blocked the discriminative effects of morphine, naltrindole (3.2--10 mg/kg) did not significantly affect the morphine stimulus. These data suggest that the discriminative control established to morphine is mediated by its activity at the mu, but not the delta, receptor. The failure of SNC80 to substitute for morphine may be due to the general inability of activity at the delta receptor to support discrimination learning. To test this, Experiment 2 assessed the establishment of discriminative control by the selective delta agonist SNC80 in rats and its generalization to and antagonism by compounds relatively selective to the delta and mu receptor subtypes using the conditioned taste aversion baseline of DDL. Following acquisition, SNC80 and the delta agonist SNC162 produced SNC80-appropriate responding at a dose of 18 mg/kg. Conversely, the mu agonist morphine produced vehicle-appropriate responding at all doses tested. The discriminative effects of SNC80 were maximal at 20 min, partial at 120 min and lost at 240 min. These selective generalization patterns with SNC162 and morphine suggest that the discriminative effects of SNC80 were mediated at the delta, but not the mu, receptor, a conclusion supported by the fact that SNC80's discriminative control was completely blocked by the delta-selective antagonist naltrindole (NTI), but not by the mu-selective antagonist naltrexone. The present findings indicate that the discriminative effects of morphine are mediated at the mu, but not the delta, receptor.
Run-and-tumble bacteria slowly approaching the diffusive regime
Creators: name: Villa-Torrealba, Andrea
name: Raby, Cristóbal Chávez
name: de Castro, Pablo
name: Soto, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The run-and-tumble (RT) dynamics followed by bacterial swimmers gives rise first to a ballistic motion due to their persistence, and later, through consecutive tumbles, to a diffusive process. Here we investigate how long it takes for a dilute swimmer suspension to reach the diffusive regime as well as what is the amplitude of the deviations from the diffusive dynamics. A linear time dependence of the mean-squared displacement (MSD) is insufficient to characterize diffusion and thus we also focus on the excess kurtosis of the displacement distribution. Four swimming strategies are considered: (i) the conventional RT model with complete reorientation after tumbling, (ii) the case of partial reorientation, characterized by a distribution of tumbling angles, (iii) a run-and-reverse model with rotational diffusion, and (iv) a RT particle where the tumbling rate depends on the stochastic concentration of an internal protein. By analyzing the associated kinetic equations for the probability density function and simulating the models, we find that for models (ii), (iii), and (iv) the relaxation to diffusion can take much longer than the mean time between tumble events, evidencing the existence of large tails in the particle displacements. Moreover, the excess kurtosis can assume large positive values. In model (ii) it is possible for some distributions of tumbling angles that the MSD reaches a linear time dependence but, still, the dynamics remains non-Gaussian for long times. This is also the case in model (iii) for small rotational diffusivity. For all models, the long-time diffusion coefficients are also obtained. The theoretical approach, which relies on eigenvalue and angular Fourier expansions of the van Hove function, is in excellent agreement with the simulations.
description: 12 pages, 4 captioned figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Habropoda tristissima
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Habropoda tristissima (Cockerell, 1904)
[Holotype: AMNH; ♀ Los Angeles, and Lancaster, Mojave Desert, California, USA]
This species is primarily found in the CFP and is possibly the most abundant Habropoda species in northern BC. UCRC holds one specimen of H. tristissima collected in the Coastal Sage Matorral in February 1934. We also reviewed one male collected in the Coastal Sage Matorral in 1973 (CASC). The BBPT collected 32 specimens (26 ♀, 6 ♂) March, April, and May 2021, and April and May 2023 in the Coastal Sage Matorral and Chaparral regions. Voucher specimens are in MABC and ECOAB (Supplementary material 1). See fig. 83.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 144, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Altre 564 volte grazie, Arecibo!
Creators: Gloria Nobile
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Grazie ai dati di un campione di 564 galassie raccolti con il radiotelescopio di Arecibo prima del crollo della struttura, avvenuto nel 2020, un team di ricercatori della University of Western Australia e dell’Icrar – fra i quali i due astronomi italiani Luca Cortese e Barbara Catinella –  ha potuto verificare la relazione fra massa stellare e momento angolare della galassia ospite. I risultati, pubblicati su Mnras, aiuteranno a comprendere come si è evoluto l’universo locale
Opioid drug discrimination: Characterization of the morphine stimulus
Creators: name: Stevenson, Glenn William
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: There have been few assessments of delta receptor activity in morphine drug discrimination learning (DDL) and these assessments have been limited to nonselective compounds or selective delta peptides administered i.c.v. Experiment 1 assessed the role of the delta receptor in the mediation of morphine drug discrimination by examining the ability of the systemically-administered, delta opioid agonist SNC80 to substitute for (and the delta opioid antagonist naltrindole to antagonize) morphine stimulus effects in rats trained to discriminate morphine from its vehicle in the conditioned taste aversion baseline of drug discrimination learning. Although morphine and methadone produced dose-related substitution for morphine (10 mg/kg), there was no evidence of substitution for morphine by SNC80 at any dose tested. Further, although naloxone (3.2 mg/kg) completely blocked the discriminative effects of morphine, naltrindole (3.2--10 mg/kg) did not significantly affect the morphine stimulus. These data suggest that the discriminative control established to morphine is mediated by its activity at the mu, but not the delta, receptor. The failure of SNC80 to substitute for morphine may be due to the general inability of activity at the delta receptor to support discrimination learning. To test this, Experiment 2 assessed the establishment of discriminative control by the selective delta agonist SNC80 in rats and its generalization to and antagonism by compounds relatively selective to the delta and mu receptor subtypes using the conditioned taste aversion baseline of DDL. Following acquisition, SNC80 and the delta agonist SNC162 produced SNC80-appropriate responding at a dose of 18 mg/kg. Conversely, the mu agonist morphine produced vehicle-appropriate responding at all doses tested. The discriminative effects of SNC80 were maximal at 20 min, partial at 120 min and lost at 240 min. These selective generalization patterns with SNC162 and morphine suggest that the discriminative effects of SNC80 were mediated at the delta, but not the mu, receptor, a conclusion supported by the fact that SNC80's discriminative control was completely blocked by the delta-selective antagonist naltrindole (NTI), but not by the mu-selective antagonist naltrexone. The present findings indicate that the discriminative effects of morphine are mediated at the mu, but not the delta, receptor.
Habropoda miserabilis
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Habropoda miserabilis (Cresson, 1878)
[Holotype: ANSP; ♂ California, USA]
This species occurs almost exclusively along the Pacific coast. This species has been sampled within the Coastal Sage and Succulent Coastal Matorral in April 1935, March 1959 and March 1972 with specimens preserved in the BBSL and SEMC (GBIF 2023). Additionally, we reviewed three females and one male captured in the Coastal Sage Matorral in San Miguel in May 1938 (CASC). See fig. 82.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
New empirical constraints on the cosmological evolution of gas and stars in galaxies
Creators: name: Padmanabhan, Hamsa
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine the latest observationally motivated constraints on stellar properties in dark matter haloes, along with data-driven predictions for the atomic (HI) and molecular (H$_2$) gas evolution in galaxies, to derive empirical relationships between the build-up of galactic components and their evolution over cosmic time. At high redshift ($z \gtrsim 4$), the frameworks imply that galaxies acquire their cold gas (both atomic and molecular) mostly by accretion, with the fraction of cold gas reaching about 20% of the cosmic baryon fraction. We infer a strong dependence of the star formation rate on the H$_2$ mass, suggesting a near-universal depletion timescale of 0.1-1 Gyr in Milky Way sized haloes (of masses $10^{12} \ M_{\odot}$ at $z = 0$). There is also evidence for a near-universality of the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation across redshifts, with very little dependence on stellar mass, if a constant conversion factor ($α_{\rm CO}$) of CO luminosity to molecular gas mass is assumed. Combining the atomic and molecular gas observations with the stellar build-up illustrates that galactic mass assembly in Milky-Way sized haloes proceeds from smooth accretion at high redshifts, towards becoming merger-dominated at late times ($z \lesssim 0.6$). Our results can be used to constrain numerical simulations of the dominant growth and accretion processes of galaxies over cosmic history.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
MOPITT observations of CO near and far from urban/industrial regions
Creators: name: Navarro, Fabiola
name: Massie, Steven
name: Mckenna, Daniel
name: Beasant, Norma
name: Navarro, Bradley
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2001
Subjects: Pollution
Troposphere
Carbon monoxide

Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) observations of carbon monoxide (CO) data from March to December 2000 are used to study profiles of CO over five urban/industrial regions in the northern and southern hemisphere. The five cities/regions vary in population size, population density and industrial output. We examine the retrieved profiles of CO using a time series produced by assimilation as a guide to find the days where high concentrations of CO were observed. This study examines the ability of MOPITT to track the emissions of CO that are produced by the five cities/regions of different source strengths. The study shows how there is interference of CO emissions produced from fires and sources over cities/industrial regions. The focus is on the transport of CO, and how it affects the global distribution of CO. Three cases are examined in detail. In the Sao Paulo case by showing maps over the city and global maps I explain how the CO emissions detected are a combination of local emissions as well as emissions produced from biomass burning from the Amazon and Africa. The Mauna Loa, Shanghai, and Los Angeles cases show how the transport of CO has become a problem in global distribution. The Bangalore case shows how large amounts of CO are produced over India, and possibly some interference of CO coming from the biomass burning occurring in Africa.
Higher-derivative corrections to small black rings
Creators: name: Ruipérez, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the first-order $α'$-corrections to a general family of supersymmetric heterotic backgrounds which describes a rotating superposition of a fundamental string and a momentum wave. We focus on a particular solution within this family that gives raise, upon dimensional reduction to five dimensions, to a black ring with two charges and one dipole that has a singular horizon with vanishing area in the supergravity approximation, better known as small black ring. We show that the singularity at the horizon persists even after the first-order $α'$-corrections have been taken into account. This implies, contrary to what has been argued in the literature, that higher-derivative corrections do not resolve the singular horizon of the 5-dimensional small black ring, at least at first-order in $α'$.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure; v2: supplemental material and further discussions have been included. It matches the published version
Systematic study on the dependence of the warm-start quantum approximate optimization algorithm on approximate solutions
Creators: name: Okada, Ken N.
name: Nishi, Hirofumi
name: Kosugi, Taichi
name: Matsushita, Yu-ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising hybrid quantum-classical algorithm to solve combinatorial optimization problems in the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. Recently warm-start approaches have been proposed to improve the performance of QAOA, where approximate solutions are obtained by classical algorithms in advance and incorporated into the initial state and/or unitary ansatz. In this work, we study in detail how the accuracy of approximate solutions affect the performance of the warm-start QAOA (WS-QAOA). We numerically find that in typical MAX-CUT problems, WS-QAOA tends to outperform QAOA as approximate solutions become closer to the exact solutions in terms of the Hamming distance. We reveal that this could be quantitatively attributed to the initial state of the ansatz. We also solve MAX-CUT problems by WS-QAOA with approximate solutions obtained via QAOA, having a better result than QAOA especially when the circuit is relatively shallow. We believe that our study may deepen understanding of the performance of WS-QAOA and also provide a guide as to the necessary quality of approximate solutions.
1993 Superoutburst of LL Andromedae
Creators: name: Kato, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present time-resolved CCD photometry of LL And during its 1993 outburst. The observation revealed the presence of superhumps with a period of 0.05697(3) d. This period is one of the smallest among the hydrogen-rich dwarf novae. Although LL And has been proposed to be a WZ Sge-type dwarf nova based on its low outburst frequency, our new analysis indicates that the outburst amplitude (~5 mag) and outburst duration (9+/-2 d) are much smaller and shorter than in typical WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. We suspect that the unusual outburst properties of LL And might be explained by assuming a "leaky disk" in quiescence, which was originally proposed to explain the prototypical WZ Sge-type outbursts. By combination with the recent suggestion of the orbital period, the fractional superhump excess is found to be 3.5(1)%, which is unusually large for this short-period system. LL And may be an object filling the gap in the evolutionary track, which has recently been proposed to explain the unusual ultracompact binaries with an evolved mass donor.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear in PASJ (special issue on VSNET), for more information, see http://www.kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp/vsnet/
Neutrino forces in neutrino backgrounds
Creators: name: Ghosh, Mitrajyoti
name: Grossman, Yuval
name: Tangarife, Walter
name: Xu, Xun-Jie
name: Yu, Bingrong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model predicts a long-range force, proportional to $G_F^2/r^5$, between fermions due to the exchange of a pair of neutrinos. This quantum force is feeble and has not been observed yet. In this paper, we compute this force in the presence of neutrino backgrounds, both for isotropic and directional background neutrinos. We find that for the case of directional background the force can have a $1/r$ dependence and it can be significantly enhanced compared to the vacuum case. In particular, background effects caused by reactor, solar, and supernova neutrinos enhance the force by many orders of magnitude. The enhancement, however, occurs only in the direction parallel to the direction of the background neutrinos. We discuss the experimental prospects of detecting the neutrino force in neutrino backgrounds and find that the effect is close to the available sensitivity of the current fifth force experiments. Yet, the angular spread of the neutrino flux and that of the test masses reduce the strength of this force. The results are encouraging and a detailed experimental study is called for to check if the effect can be probed.
description: v4: 38 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, correction of a factor of 2 for neutrino forces in the cosmic neutrino background in Section 3
Nei coccoliti l’eccentricità dell’orbita terrestre
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Dalla rivoluzione del nostro pianeta attorno al Sole all’evoluzione biologica del fitoplancton e, forse, alla climatologia. È la catena multidisciplinare di correlazioni presa in esame in uno studio, guidato da un team di ricercatori del Cnrs francese e pubblicato oggi su Nature, basato sull’analisi di quasi nove milioni di microscopici fossili marini
Fornace A, una galassia dalla storia movimentata
Creators: Marco Galliani
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

La galassia Ngc 1316 nell'ammasso della Fornace è uno dei più particolari oggetti celesti che caratterizzano i cieli serali di dicembre. I consigli per osservarla insieme alle costellazioni, ai pianeti e ai principali eventi astronomici di questo mese
The Effect of Workfare Policy on Crime
Creators: name: Fallesen, Peter
name: Pico Geerdsen, Lars
name: Imai, Susumu
name: Tranaes, Torben
name: Fallesen, Peter
name: Pico Geerdsen, Lars
name: Imai, Susumu
name: Tranaes, Torben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Financial Economics
International Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: In this paper, we focus on a novel and potentially important aspect of the workfare policy in the Danish labor market, namely its effect on crime. We do this by exploiting two policy changes. First, we examine the effect of a series of national welfare reforms introduced during the 1990s. Those reforms strengthened the work requirement for the young welfare recipients and were introduced gradually, starting with younger welfare participants first. We exploit the differential introduction of workfare reform across different age groups as the exogenous variation. Second, we use a unique policy experiment that began in 1987 by an innovative mayor of the Danish city of Farum, where he imposed a 100 % work or training requirement for all welfare recipients immediately from the date of enrollment. By comparing the changes in crime rates among the welfare recipients in Farum before and after 1987 with that of the rest of Denmark, we identify the effect of workfare on the crime rate. Our results show a dramatic decline in the arrest rate among welfare recipients after the introduction of the stronger workfare requirements, both at the national level and in Farum. Those results imply a strong and significant crime reducing effect of the workfare policy.
Bombus (Pyrobombus) melanopygus Nylander 1848
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Bombus (Pyrobombus) melanopygus Nylander, 1848
[Lectotype: MZHF; ♂ Sitka, Alaska, USA]
Bombus melanopygus is an early-flying species and has been documented in the Coastal Sage Matorral, Chaparral, and Baja California Mountains confirmed by specimens vouchered at CASC, EMEC, UCDC, UCRC, and SDNHM (GBIF 2023). The BBPT collected specimens in Coastal Sage Matorral and Chaparral ecoregions with 68 specimens (45 ♂, 23 ♀) in May, June, and September 2020; April and May 2021; and May 2023. Voucher specimens are in MABC and ECOAB (Supplementary material 1). See fig. 84.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 144, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Additional file 1 of Self-rated joint hypermobility: the five-part questionnaire evaluated in a Swedish non-clinical adult population
Creators: name: Glans, Martin
name: Humble, Mats B.
name: Elwin, Marie
name: Bejerot, Susanne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Contains Table S1. The translation process of the Swedish 5PQ.
Stock-based Compensation Plans and Employee Incentives
Creators: name: Zabojnik, Jan
name: Zabojnik, Jan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Stock-based Compensation
subject: Employee Stock Options
subject: Optimal Incentive Contracts
subject: Firm-specific Knowledge

description: Standard principal-agent theory predicts that large firms should not use employee stock options and other stock-based compensation to provide incentives to non-executive employees. Yet, business practitioners appear to believe that stock-based compensation improves incentives, and mounting empirical evidence points to the same conclusion. This paper provides an explanation for why stock-based incentives can be effective. In the model of this paper, employee stock options complement individual measures of performance in inducing employees to invest in firm-specific knowledge. In some situations, a contract that only consists of options is more effcient than a contract based solely on individual performance.
Si chiama BB. Viene da Oort. E si è svegliata
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

La più grande cometa mai scoperta – C/2014 UN271 Bernardinelli–Bernstein, o cometa BB – è diventata attiva a una distanza dal Sole molto superiore al previsto: già a 23.8 unità astronomiche mostrava segni di attività. Se n’è accorto un team di astronomi dell’università del Maryland analizzando le immagini acquisite dal telescopio spaziale Tess della Nasa fra il 2018 e il 2020
Ozone and water vapor: Analyzing their relationship within the mesosphere
Creators: name: Noble, Erik
name: Marsh, Daniel
name: Henson, Robert
name: Van Andel, Joseph
name: Rodriguez, Yarice
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2001
Subjects: Satellite measurements
Stratosphere
Ozone layer
Ozone chemistry
Hydrogen species
Hydroxyl
Diurnal variation

Relatively little is known about the mesosphere (50-90 km) as compared with other regions in the atmosphere. The mesosphere is difficult to measure with airborne, ground-based and in situ satellite measurements due to its height and location between the thermosphere and the stratosphere. One element of the mesosphere that is of particular interest is the presence of ozone and its role in the atmospheric processes at these altitudes. Most of the ozone present in the atmosphere resides within the stratosphere, commonly referred to as the ozone layer. A lesser distribution of ozone exists within the mesosphere. In understanding the simpler ozone chemistry of this region, a greater understanding of the ozone chemistry in the stratosphere and throughout the atmosphere can result, as well as a better understanding of the mesosphere. The ozone chemistry above 50 km is controlled predominantly by hydrogen species such as the hydroxyl radical. Reactions involving water vapor in the mesosphere determine hydroxyl distributions. These reactions contribute to ozone destructions, making the distribution of mesospheric ozone directly related to the distribution of water vapor. This research will present a ten-year comparison of satellite measurements of ozone and water vapor within the mesosphere and analyze the relationships between them. While it is generally thought that where water vapor increases within the mesosphere, ozone should decrease at any time of day, strong anti-correlations of the data are observed only at sunset around 80 km. These results indicate that statistical relationships simulating ozone and water vapor within the atmosphere should be updated to include the diurnal variation.