cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the infimum of the absolute value of successive derivatives of a real function defined on a bounded interval
Creators: name: Balazard, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A study of the greatest possible ratio of the smallest absolute value of a higher derivative of some function, defined on a bounded interval, to the L p-norm of the function.
Bringing Molecular Tools into Environmental Resource Management: Untangling the Molecules to Policy Pathway
Creators: name: Wynne, Bennett
name: Carlsson, Jens
name: Schultz, Tom
name: Freshwater, Wilson
name: Godfrey, Matthew H
name: Litaker, Wayne
name: Muñoz, Roldan
name: Noble, Rachel
name: Duval, Michelle
name: Sagarin, Raphael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: New advances in molecular biology can be invaluable tools in resource management, but they are best incorporated through a collaborative process with managers who understand the most pressing questions, practical limitations, and political constraints.
Jaenecke, Joachim (Bearb.): Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Kataloge der Musikabteilung [...] Georg Philipp Telemann [...] München 1993
Creators: name: Wollny, Peter
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 81 (1995)
Comptonization by Reconnection Plasmoids in Black Hole Coronae II: Electron-Ion Plasma
Creators: name: Sridhar, Navin
name: Sironi, Lorenzo
name: Beloborodov, Andrei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of magnetic reconnection in electron-ion plasmas subject to strong Compton cooling and calculate the X-ray spectra produced by this process. The simulations are performed for trans-relativistic reconnection with magnetization $1\leq σ\leq 3$ (defined as the ratio of magnetic tension to plasma rest-mass density), which is expected in the coronae of accretion disks around black holes. We find that magnetic dissipation proceeds with inefficient energy exchange between the heated ions and the Compton-cooled electrons. As a result, most electrons are kept at a low temperature in Compton equilibrium with radiation, and so thermal Comptonization cannot reach photon energies $\sim 100$ keV observed from accreting black holes. Nevertheless, magnetic reconnection efficiently generates $\sim 100$ keV photons because of mildly relativistic bulk motions of the plasmoid chain formed in the reconnection layer. Comptonization by the plasmoid motions dominates the radiative output and controls the peak of the radiation spectrum $E_{\rm pk}$. We find $E_{\rm pk}\sim 40$ keV for $σ=1$ and $E_{\rm pk}\sim100$ keV for $σ=3$. In addition to the X-ray peak around 100 keV, the simulations show a non-thermal MeV tail emitted by a non-thermal electron population generated near X-points of the reconnection layer. The results are consistent with the typical hard state of accreting black holes. In particular, we find that the spectrum of Cygnus~X-1 is well explained by electron-ion reconnection with $σ\sim 3$.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS: 16 pages, 15 figures, 1 table, 8 appendices. Part-I can be accessed at arXiv:2107.00263
Magnetism in S=1/2 Double-Perovskites with Strong Spin-Orbit Interactions
Creators: name: Ishizuka, Hiroaki
name: Balents, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study magnetism on the fcc lattice with tetragonal distortions, with general exotic directional magnetic interactions allowed by symmetry. We consider two models, corresponding to a uniform tetragonal distortion, or a two-sublattice model with a tetragonal screw axis. We establish their low temperature phase diagrams in the semi-classical limit using classical optimization and consideration of fluctuations both analytically and by Monte Carlo simulation. Both order by disorder and exchange anisotropy mechanisms favor a $\langle 110\rangle$ easy axis for magnetization. We also show that spin-lattice coupling can give rise to an intermediate temperature paramagnetc nematic/orthorhombic phase, and discuss the transitions to/from this state. These results are relevant to a family of insulating magnetic double perovskites, and find immediate application to the ferromagnet Ba$_2$NaOsO$_6$.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
Zur Überlieferung der Instrumentalwerke Johann Sebastian Bachs
Creators: name: Wollny, Peter
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Ziel des Artikels ist es, einige Aspekte der Überlieferungsgeschichte von J. S. Bachs Instrumentalmusik aus einem neuen Blickwinkel zu betrachten und deren Diskussion dabei auch in der Methodik voranzutreiben. Als Gegenstand der Betrachtung dient der Quellenbesitz C. P. E. Bachs laut dem Verzeichnis seines Nachlasses von 1790. Die Untersuchung zu deren Überlieferung ist an den Nachweis der zuzuordnenden Quellen gebunden, die eingangs nach quellenkritischen Merkmalen in Gruppen zusammengefasst und separat diskutiert werden. Dabei liegt ein besonderer Fokus auf der Frage, ob die Quellen durch Erblassung oder durch anderweitigen Erwerb in den Besitz des Bach-Sohnes kamen. Ein Anhang gibt einen tabellarischen Überblick der Instrumentalwerke Johann Sebastian Bachs aus dem Besitz des Sohnes wieder. Erwähnte Artikel: Hans-Joachim Schulze: Vier unbekannte Quittungen J. S. Bachs und ein Briefauszug Jacob von Stählins. BJ 1973, S. 88-90 Andreas Glöckner: Neuerkenntnisse zu Johann Sebastian Bachs Aufführungskalender zwischen 1729 und 1735. BJ 1981, S. 43-75 Christoph Wolff: Das Trio A-Dur BWV 1025: Eine Lautensonate von Silvius Leopold Weiss. Bearbeitet und erweitert von Johann Sebastian Bach. BJ 1993, S. 47-67 Hans-Joachim Schulze: Bach-Überlieferung in Hamburg: Der Quellenbesitz von Christian Friedrich Gottlieb Schwencke (1767-1822). BJ 1993, S. 69-79 Ulrich Leisinger, Peter Wollny: "Altes Zeug von mir". Carl Philipp Emanuel Bachs kompositorisches Schaffen vor 1740. BJ 1993, S. 127-202 Peter Wollny: Ein frühes Schriftzeugnis aus Carl Philipp Emanuel Bachs Berliner Zeit. BJ 1995, S. 185-190
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 82 (1996)
Unitary response of solvatochromic dye to pulse excitation in lipid and cell membranes
Creators: name: Fabiunke, Simon
name: Fillafer, Christian
name: Schneider, Matthias F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of acoustic pulse propagation in lipid monolayers at the air-water interface is well known. These pulses are controlled by the thermodynamic state of the lipid membrane. Nevertheless, the role of acoustic pulses for intra- and intercellular communication are still a matter of debate. Herein, we used the dye di 4- -ANEPPDHQ, which is known to be sensitive to the physical state and transmembrane potential of membranes, in order to gain insight into compression waves in lipid-based membrane interfaces. The dye was incorporated into lipid monolayers made of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylcholine at the air-water-interface. A significant blue shift of the emission spectrum was detected when the state of the monolayer was changed from the liquid expanded (LE) to the liquid condensed (LC) phase. This transition-sensitivity of di-4-ANEPPDHQ was generalized in experiments with the bulk solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Upon crystallization of solvent, the emission spectrum also underwent a blue shift. During compression pulses in lipid monolayers, a significant fluorescence response was only observed when in the main transition regime. The optical signature of these waves, in terms of sign and magnitude, was identical to the response of di-4-ANEPPDHQ during action potentials in neurons and excitable plant cells. These findings corroborated the suggestion that action potentials are nonlinear state changes that propagate in the cell membrane.
AstroPhot: Fitting Everything Everywhere All at Once in Astronomical Images
Creators: name: Stone, Connor
name: Courteau, Stephane
name: Cuillandre, Jean-Charles
name: Hezaveh, Yashar
name: Perreault-Levasseur, Laurence
name: Arora, Nikhil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present AstroPhot, a fast, powerful, and user-friendly Python based astronomical image photometry solver. AstroPhot incorporates automatic differentiation and GPU (or parallel CPU) acceleration, powered by the machine learning library PyTorch. Everything: AstroPhot can fit models for sky, stars, galaxies, PSFs, and more in a principled Chi^2 forward optimization, recovering Bayesian posterior information and covariance of all parameters. Everywhere: AstroPhot can optimize forward models on CPU or GPU; across images that are large, multi-band, multi-epoch, rotated, dithered, and more. All at once: The models are optimized together, thus handling overlapping objects and including the covariance between parameters (including PSF and galaxy parameters). A number of optimization algorithms are available including Levenberg-Marquardt, Gradient descent, and No-U-Turn MCMC sampling. With an object-oriented user interface, AstroPhot makes it easy to quickly extract detailed information from complex astronomical data for individual images or large survey programs. This paper outlines novel features of the AstroPhot code and compares it to other popular astronomical image modeling software. AstroPhot is open-source, fully Python based, and freely accessible here: https://github.com/Autostronomy/AstroPhot
description: 18 Pages, 9 figures, published in MNRAS
Neues zum Musikaliennachlaß von Hans Georg Nägeli
Creators: name: Meylan, Raymond
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Ziel des Artikels ist es, den Verkauf des heute fast durchweg nicht mehr vorhandenen Bestands des Musikaliennachlasses von Hans Georg und Hermann Nägeli zu dokumentieren, die noch erhaltenen Stücke nachzuweisen und einige unbekannte und verschollene Manuskripte von Johann Sebastian Bach und Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel zu identifizieren. Detaillierte Listen geben Überblick über die Befunde. Erwänter Artikel: Detlef Gojowy: Wie entstand Hans Georg Nägelis Bach-Sammlung? Dokumente zur Bach-Renaissance im 19. Jahrhundert. BJ 1970, S. 66-104
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 82 (1996)
Note on homological modeling of the electric circuits
Creators: name: Paal, Eugen
name: Umbleja, Märt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Based on a simple example, it is explained how the homological analysis may be applied for modeling of the electric circuits. The homological branch, mesh and nodal analyses are presented. Geometrical interpretations are given.
description: 7pp, 1 figure, LaTeX2e, presented at MOD II "Moduli, Operads, Dynamics II" Tallinn 03-06 June 2014. v2: presentation improved
A User's Guide to the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE)
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The mission of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project is to enable the scientific and medical communities to interpret the human genome sequence and apply it to understand human biology and improve health. The ENCODE Consortium is integrating multiple technologies and approaches in a collective effort to discover and define the functional elements encoded in the human genome, including genes, transcripts, and transcriptional regulatory regions, together with their attendant chromatin states and DNA methylation patterns. In the process, standards to ensure high-quality data have been implemented, and novel algorithms have been developed to facilitate analysis. Data and derived results are made available through a freely accessible database. Here we provide an overview of the project and the resources it is generating and illustrate the application of ENCODE data to interpret the human genome.
Towards explanation-aware selection in internet-scale infrastructures: generating rationale for web services ratings and reputation
Creators: name: Sherchan, Wanita
name: Loke, Seng Wai
name: Krishnaswamy, Shonali
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: IEEE International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops (10th : 2006 : Hong Kong, China)
Multi-User Frequency Assignment for Ultra-Reliable mmWave Two-Ray Channels
Creators: name: Besser, Karl-Ludwig
name: Jorswieck, Eduard A.
name: Coon, Justin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a multi-user two-ray ground reflection scenario with unknown distances between transmitter and receivers. By using two frequencies per user in parallel, we can mitigate possible destructive interference and ensure ultra-reliability with only very limited knowledge at the transmitter. In this work, we consider the problem of assigning two frequencies to each receiver in a multi-user communication system such that the average minimum receive power is maximized. In order to solve this problem, we introduce a generalization of the quadratic multiple knapsack problem to include heterogeneous profits and develop an algorithm to solve it. Compared to random frequency assignment, we report a gain of around 6 dB in numerical simulations.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2206.13459
Bachiana unter "Tabak & Cigaretten"
Creators: name: Lehmann, Karen
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Mit Nachrichten aus den unveröffentlichten Briefkopierbüchern von C.F. Peters (1836-1841 und 1841-1844) und Briefen von Friedrich Konrad Griepenkerl, Carl Czerny und Franz Hauser wird der Versuch unternommen, die Bach-Sammlung des Verlages in dem Zeitraum 1837-1844 zu rekonstruieren. Eine interessante Persönlichkeit ist dabei der Inhaber der Firma seit 1827, Carl Gotthelf Siegmund Böhme (1785-1855). (Autor, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 82 (1996)
Spiegel-Kontrapunkt in Theorie und Praxis
Creators: name: Collins, Denis
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Der Aufsatz verfolgt die Tradition des gespiegelten Kontrapunkts in theoretischen und musikalischen Quellen aus den zwei Jahrhunderten vor dem Entstehen der BWV 1080. Untersucht wird der historische Kontext für die beiden verschiedenen Lösungsansätze zum Problem der gespiegelten Schreibweise in den Contrapuncti 12 und 13. (Autor, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 82 (1996)
Improving performance in teams: After Action Reviews in Army combat training
Creators: name: Reilly, Mick
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390305
subject: Professional education and training
classificationCode: 390409
subject: Learning sciences

description: Feedback can be challenging to both give and receive, especially for high-readiness combat forces. Military combat operations are exemplified by danger, uncertainty, confusion, and risk. Training exercises for combat forces provide a learning opportunity to improve performance in task and team functions. Learning efficacy can be increased through appropriate feedback. For decades, the AAR (AAR) has been employed by the Australian Army as a mechanism for team feedback. The effectiveness and efficiency of the AAR in contemporary training has come into question in some environments, including at the Combat Training Centre (CTC). This research sought to evaluate the efficacy of the AAR during Army combat training as an activity to improve team performance. 
The AAR literature noted the lack of theoretical basis for the AAR and highlighted gaps in understanding the effectiveness of the AAR in collective combat training, and in the Australian Army specifically. A constructivist approach and case-study methodology were selected to frame the evaluation of AAR artefacts and the conduct of semi-structured interviews with 29 purposively selected senior combat veterans who were all experienced in collective training of combat forces. Thematically analysed data answered three research questions related to the effectiveness feedback in AARs and identified a series of factors that influence AAR effectiveness in practice. The findings from this research may be applicable to other contexts. 
The research confirmed that feedback activities during and after collective training can be useful; however, their effectiveness was influenced by several factors, including a lack of alignment between the goal and the processes, the learning requirements of the team, the clarity of the process and the level of facilitation. The research aligned Experiential Learning Theory with AAR practices to provide a more resilient basis for learning activity design and feedback activities. Other research outcomes included the development of a taxonomy of common feedback activities to support the selection of the most appropriate team feedback activity and a simplified feedback model, titled ERRATA, based upon the process steps of Engage, Review, Reflect, Transition, and Act, and designed to maximise feedback activities. The research highlighted that team feedback activities in Army combat training can be optimised by confirmation of the activity goal, alignment to the expected outputs, consideration of team learning factors, and a simplified feedback process.
The Panchromatic High-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey of Local Group Star Clusters - I. General Data Reduction Procedures for the VLT/X-shooter UVB and VIS arm
Creators: name: Schönebeck, Frederik
name: Puzia, Thomas H.
name: Pasquali, Anna
name: Grebel, Eva K.
name: Kissler-Patig, Markus
name: Kuntschner, Harald
name: Lyubenova, Mariya
name: Perina, Sibilla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our dataset contains spectroscopic observations of 29 globular clusters in the Magellanic Clouds and the Milky Way performed with VLT/X-shooter. Here we present detailed data reduction procedures for the VLT/X-shooter UVB and VIS arm. These are not restricted to our particular dataset, but are generally applicable to different kinds of X-shooter data without major limitation on the astronomical object of interest. ESO's X-shooter pipeline (v1.5.0) performs well and reliably for the wavelength calibration and the associated rectification procedure, yet we find several weaknesses in the reduction cascade that are addressed with additional calibration steps, such as bad pixel interpolation, flat fielding, and slit illumination corrections. Furthermore, the instrumental PSF is analytically modeled and used to reconstruct flux losses at slit transit and for optimally extracting point sources. Regular observations of spectrophotometric standard stars allow us to detect instrumental variability, which needs to be understood if a reliable absolute flux calibration is desired. A cascade of additional custom calibration steps is presented that allows for an absolute flux calibration uncertainty of less than ten percent under virtually every observational setup provided that the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high. The optimal extraction increases the signal-to-noise ratio typically by a factor of 1.5, while simultaneously correcting for resulting flux losses. The wavelength calibration is found to be accurate to an uncertainty level of approximately 0.02 Angstrom. We find that most of the X-shooter systematics can be reliably modeled and corrected for. This offers the possibility of comparing observations on different nights and with different telescope pointings and instrumental setups, thereby facilitating a robust statistical analysis of large datasets.
description: 22 pages, 18 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; V2 contains a minor change in the abstract. We note that we did not test X-shooter pipeline versions 2.0 or later. V3 contains an updated reference
An experimental study into fire performance of hollowcore floors
Creators: name: Liu, Angela
name: Abu, Anthony
name: Ye, Vivian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fire safety engineering
Structural engineering

description: An experimental study was undertaken to investigate the impact of mandated link slabs in New Zealand precast hollowcore floor construction on the fire performance of the floors, where the link slabs were required between precast hollowcore floor units and adjacent floor beams due to seismic considerations. A hollowcore floor system, which included the mandated link slab and the supporting beams, was tested at the systems level. The test was undertaken with the furnace conditions according to the ISO 834 and a superimposed load of 5.3kPa. The test was terminated after the insulation criterion, measured on the unexposed surface, was reached at 116 minutes. Of interest was that premature web failure and loss of lower shell of the hollowcore unit adjacent to the link slab was observed only 29 minutes into the test. The preliminary findings from the experimental study are summarised as follows: (1). Hollowcore units could experience considerable thermal gradient across the depth, thus having great web failure potential; (2). Presence of the link slab could significantly exacerbate the sectional distortion of the hollowcore units and horizontal web cracking, leading to increased probabilities of partial collapse of hollowcore units in fires; and (3). Conventional fire rating tests of precast concrete hollowcore floors could overestimate fire resistance ratings.
Johann Nikolaus Bach als Musiktheoretiker
Creators: name: Christensen, Thomas
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Johann Nikolaus Bach (1669-1753), ein Cousin Johann Sebastians, war in Jena als Organist und Instrumentenbauer tätig. Weit weniger bekannt sind seine musiktheoretischen Leistungen. Zwar hat er selbst keine Schriften hierzu hinterlassen, aber durch zahlreiche Studenten der Jenaer Universität ist sein musiktheoretisches Wirken belegt. Besonders wichtig ist in diesem Zusammenhang Bachs Kenntnis der Rameauschen Harmonielehre. Dies ist durch ein Dokument Christoph Gottlieb Schröters (1699-1782) bezeugt, das auf die 1720er Jahre Bezug nimmt. Die theoretischen Schriften Jean-Philippe Rameaus wurde also bereits weitaus früher in Deutschland rezipiert als bisher angenommen. (Oliver Schöner, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 82 (1996)
In Silico Molecular Comparisons of C. elegans and Mammalian Pharmacology Identify Distinct Targets That Regulate Feeding
Creators: name: Sassano, Maria F.
name: Werb, Zena
name: Keiser, Michael J.
name: Shoichet, Brian K.
name: Lemieux, George A.
name: Laggner, Christian
name: Mayer, Fahima
name: Ashrafi, Kaveh
name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Bainton, Roland J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Phenotypic screens can identify molecules that are at once penetrant and active on the integrated circuitry of a whole cell or organism. These advantages are offset by the need to identify the targets underlying the phenotypes. Additionally, logistical considerations limit screening for certain physiological and behavioral phenotypes to organisms such as zebrafish and C. elegans. This further raises the challenge of elucidating whether compound-target relationships found in model organisms are preserved in humans. To address these challenges we searched for compounds that affect feeding behavior in C. elegans and sought to identify their molecular mechanisms of action. Here, we applied predictive chemoinformatics to small molecules previously identified in a C. elegans phenotypic screen likely to be enriched for feeding regulatory compounds. Based on the predictions, 16 of these compounds were tested in vitro against 20 mammalian targets. Of these, nine were active, with affinities ranging from 9 nM to 10 µM. Four of these nine compounds were found to alter feeding. We then verified the in vitro findings in vivo through genetic knockdowns, the use of previously characterized compounds with high affinity for the four targets, and chemical genetic epistasis, which is the effect of combined chemical and genetic perturbations on a phenotype relative to that of each perturbation in isolation. Our findings reveal four previously unrecognized pathways that regulate feeding in C. elegans with strong parallels in mammals. Together, our study addresses three inherent challenges in phenotypic screening: the identification of the molecular targets from a phenotypic screen, the confirmation of the in vivo relevance of these targets, and the evolutionary conservation and relevance of these targets to their human orthologs.
Disparities in Dermatology AI Performance on a Diverse, Curated Clinical Image Set
Creators: name: Daneshjou, Roxana
name: Vodrahalli, Kailas
name: Novoa, Roberto A
name: Jenkins, Melissa
name: Liang, Weixin
name: Rotemberg, Veronica
name: Ko, Justin
name: Swetter, Susan M
name: Bailey, Elizabeth E
name: Gevaert, Olivier
name: Mukherjee, Pritam
name: Phung, Michelle
name: Yekrang, Kiana
name: Fong, Bradley
name: Sahasrabudhe, Rachna
name: Allerup, Johan A. C.
name: Okata-Karigane, Utako
name: Zou, James
name: Chiou, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Access to dermatological care is a major issue, with an estimated 3 billion people lacking access to care globally. Artificial intelligence (AI) may aid in triaging skin diseases. However, most AI models have not been rigorously assessed on images of diverse skin tones or uncommon diseases. To ascertain potential biases in algorithm performance in this context, we curated the Diverse Dermatology Images (DDI) dataset-the first publicly available, expertly curated, and pathologically confirmed image dataset with diverse skin tones. Using this dataset of 656 images, we show that state-of-the-art dermatology AI models perform substantially worse on DDI, with receiver operator curve area under the curve (ROC-AUC) dropping by 27-36 percent compared to the models' original test results. All the models performed worse on dark skin tones and uncommon diseases, which are represented in the DDI dataset. Additionally, we find that dermatologists, who typically provide visual labels for AI training and test datasets, also perform worse on images of dark skin tones and uncommon diseases compared to ground truth biopsy annotations. Finally, fine-tuning AI models on the well-characterized and diverse DDI images closed the performance gap between light and dark skin tones. Moreover, algorithms fine-tuned on diverse skin tones outperformed dermatologists on identifying malignancy on images of dark skin tones. Our findings identify important weaknesses and biases in dermatology AI that need to be addressed to ensure reliable application to diverse patients and diseases.
Die Erfurter Bach-Familien von 1635 bis 1805
Creators: name: Brück, Helga
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Der Artikel ist eine Gesamtdarstellung der Erfurter Bach-Linie, d.h. ein Bericht über die Lebensumstände und Tätigkeiten als Stadtmusikanten, Organisten, Kantoren, Lehrer und Studenten von vierzehn männlichen Nachkommen der Wechmarer Stammlinie in Erfurt. Es wird über sämtliche Tauf-, Copulations- und Begräbnisdaten ihrer Familienmitglieder berichtet. Ergänzt wird der Beitrag durch die Schilderung der Schicksale von vier weiblichen Angehörigen der Erfurter Bach-Linie. Ebenfalls wird je ein Mitglied von Angehörigen der Günstedter und der Binderslebener Bach-Linie aufgeführt, die in Erfurt als Musiker wirkten. (Autor, Quelle: Bibliographie des Musikschrifttums online)
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 82 (1996)
The Case for Open Preprints in Biology
Creators: name: Desjardins-Proulx, Philippe
name: White, Ethan P.
name: Adamson, Joel J.
name: Poisot, Timothée
name: Ram, Karthik
name: Gravel, Dominique
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Biologists should submit their preprints to open servers, a practice common in mathematics and physics, to open and accelerate the scientific process.
Unisexual and Heterosexual Meiotic Reproduction Generate Aneuploidy and Phenotypic Diversity De Novo in the Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans
Creators: name: Ni, Min
name: Feretzaki, Marianna
name: Floyd-Averette, Anna
name: Heitman, Joseph
name: Li, Wenjun
name: Dietrich, Fred S.
name: Mieczkowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Aneuploidy is known to be deleterious and underlies several common human diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders such as trisomy 21 in Down's syndrome. In contrast, aneuploidy can also be advantageous and in fungi confers antifungal drug resistance and enables rapid adaptive evolution. We report here that sexual reproduction generates phenotypic and genotypic diversity in the human pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, which is globally distributed and commonly infects individuals with compromised immunity, such as HIV/AIDS patients, causing life-threatening meningoencephalitis. C. neoformans has a defined a-α opposite sexual cycle; however, >99% of isolates are of the α mating type. Interestingly, α cells can undergo α-α unisexual reproduction, even involving genotypically identical cells. A central question is: Why would cells mate with themselves given that sex is costly and typically serves to admix preexisting genetic diversity from genetically divergent parents? In this study, we demonstrate that α-α unisexual reproduction frequently generates phenotypic diversity, and the majority of these variant progeny are aneuploid. Aneuploidy is responsible for the observed phenotypic changes, as chromosome loss restoring euploidy results in a wild-type phenotype. Other genetic changes, including diploidization, chromosome length polymorphisms, SNPs, and indels, were also generated. Phenotypic/genotypic changes were not observed following asexual mitotic reproduction. Aneuploidy was also detected in progeny from a-α opposite-sex congenic mating; thus, both homothallic and heterothallic sexual reproduction can generate phenotypic diversity de novo. Our study suggests that the ability to undergo unisexual reproduction may be an evolutionary strategy for eukaryotic microbial pathogens, enabling de novo genotypic and phenotypic plasticity and facilitating rapid adaptation to novel environments.
Not Just a Theory—The Utility of Mathematical Models in Evolutionary Biology
Creators: name: Van Cleve, Jeremy
name: Yeh, D. Justin
name: Goldberg, Emma E.
name: Fitzpatrick, Courtney L.
name: Servedio, Maria R.
name: Brandvain, Yaniv
name: Dhole, Sumit
name: Stern, Caitlin A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Models have made numerous contributions to evolutionary biology, but misunderstandings persist regarding their purpose. By formally testing the logic of verbal hypotheses, proof-of-concept models clarify thinking, uncover hidden assumptions, and spur new directions of study. thumbnail image credit: modified from the Biodiversity Heritage Library
Specification and Verification with the TLA+ Trifecta: TLC, Apalache, and TLAPS
Creators: name: Konnov, Igor
name: Kuppe, Markus
name: Merz, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using an algorithm due to Safra for distributed termination detection as a running example, we present the main tools for verifying specifications written in TLA+. Examining their complementary strengths and weaknesses, we suggest a workflow that supports different types of analysis and that can be adapted to the desired degree of confidence.
$G$ Objects and primordial black holes
Creators: name: Flores, Marcos M.
name: Kusenko, Alexander
name: Ghez, Andrea M.
name: Naoz, Smadar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest that "$G$ objects" recently discovered in the Galactic Center may be clouds of gas bound by the gravitational field of stellar-mass black holes produced in the interactions of sublunar primordial black holes with neutron stars. If dark matter is composed of primordial black holes with masses $(10^{-16} - 10^{-10}) M_\odot$, these black holes can be captured by neutron stars in the Galactic Center, where the dark matter density is high. After the capture, the neutron star is consumed by the black hole, resulting in a population of $(1-2) M_\odot $ black holes. These stellar-mass black holes, accompanied by gaseous atmospheres, can account for the observed properties of the $G$ objects, including their resilience to tidal disruption by the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center while also producing emission consistent with inferred luminosities.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, Accepted into Phys. Rev. D
Modeling of GeV-TeV gamma-ray emission of Cygnus Cocoon
Creators: name: Bykov, A. M.
name: Kalyashova, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: OB-associations and superbubbles being energetically essential galactic powerhouses are likely to be the important acceleration sites of galactic cosmic rays (CRs). The emission profile of gamma-ray sources related to superbubbles and stellar clusters indicates on continuous particle acceleration by winds of massive stars. One of the most luminous galactic gamma-ray sources is Cygnus Cocoon superbubble, observed by multiple instruments, such as Fermi-LAT, ARGO, and, recently, HAWC. We discuss a model of particle acceleration and transport in a superbubble to explain GeV-TeV gamma-ray spectrum of Cygnus Cocoon, which has a break at the energy of about 1 TeV. It is shown that the gamma rays produced by hadronic interactions of high-energy protons accelerated by an ensemble of shocks from winds of massive stars and supernovae in the Cygnus Cocoon can explain the observations. The proton spectral shape at the highest energies depends on the MHD-fluctuation spectrum in the Cocoon. The viable solutions for Cygnus Cocoon may be applied to some other associations showing similar behaviour. We briefly discuss the similarity and differences of particle acceleration processes in extended superbubbles and compact clusters of young massive stars as represented by Westerlund 1 and 2 gamma-ray sources.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Advances in Space Research, published online
Superconducting Microbridge Junctions Fabricated using Focused Ion Beams
Creators: name: Tettamanzi, G. C
name: Jamieson, David Norman
name: Prawer, Stephen
name: Marrows, C. H
name: Potenza, A
name: Pakes, Christopher Ian
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2006 : Brisbane, Australia)
Study of eccentric binaries in Horndeski theory
Creators: name: Chowdhuri, Abhishek
name: Bhattacharyya, Arpan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the orbital evolution of eccentric binary systems in Horndeski gravity. This particular theory provides a testbed to give insightful comparisons with data. We compute the rate of energy loss and the rate of change of angular momentum for the binaries by calculating the multipole moments of the radiation fields. We have used appropriate parameters for the eccentric binaries to compute the decay rates of its orbital eccentricity and semi-major axis. We then compare this decay rate with that of GR.
description: 35 Pages, 1 figures, section 8 updated and more discussions regarding the rate of energy and angular-momentum flux added, several consistency checks of our results are added, a figure showing the variation of the semi-major axis of the orbit of the binary as a function of eccentricity added, discussion updated, references added, Minor typos corrected in Eq. (7.22)& (A.2), title slightly changed
Double-Transmon Coupler: Fast Two-Qubit Gate with No Residual Coupling for Highly Detuned Superconducting Qubits
Creators: name: Goto, Hayato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although two-qubit entangling gates are necessary for universal quantum computing, they are notoriously difficult to implement with high fidelity. Recently, tunable couplers have become a key component for realizing high-fidelity two-qubit gates in superconducting quantum computers. However, it is still difficult to achieve tunable coupling free of unwanted residual coupling for highly detuned qubits, which are desirable for mitigating qubit-frequency crowding or errors due to crosstalk between qubits. We thus propose a design for this kind of tunable coupler, which we call a double-transmon coupler, because this is composed of two transmon qubits coupled through a common loop with an additional Josephson junction. Controlling the magnetic flux in the loop, we can achieve not only fast high-fidelity two-qubit gates, but also no residual coupling during idle time, where computational qubits are highly detuned fixed-frequency transmons. The proposed coupler is expected to offer an alternative approach to higher-performance superconducting quantum computers.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Photon-mediated interactions between distant artificial atoms
Creators: name: van Loo, Arjan F.
name: Fedorov, Arkady
name: Lalumière, Kevin
name: Sanders, Barry C.
name: Blais, Alexandre
name: Wallraff, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photon-mediated interactions between atoms are of fundamental importance in quantum optics, quantum simulations and quantum information processing. The exchange of real and virtual photons between atoms gives rise to non-trivial interactions the strength of which decreases rapidly with distance in three dimensions. Here we study much stronger photon mediated interactions using two superconducting qubits in an open onedimensional transmission line. Making use of the unique possibility to tune these qubits by more than a quarter of their transition frequency we observe both coherent exchange interactions at an effective separation of $3λ/4$ and the creation of super- and sub-radiant states at a separation of one photon wavelength $λ$. This system is highly suitable for exploring collective atom/photon interactions and applications in quantum communication technology.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures and supplementary material (1 page)
ارزیابی شدت کارآیی مکانی کاربری اراضی در بخش مرکزی شهر، مطالعه موردی: بخش مرکزی شیراز
Publisher: name: دانشگاه کردستان
Year: 2018

description: گسترش کالبدی شهرها دگرگونی اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کالبدی گوناگونی را در پی دارد. از منظر اجتماعی، اصلیترین آنها\nجابه ُ جایی و تحرکات جمعیت شهری و مهاجر در نقاط مختلف شهر است. در بعد کالبدی، توسعه فیزیکی ناموزون و تولید\nفرم های شهری گوناگون از بارزترین تظاهرات گسترش بیرویه شهرها محسوب میشود. به تبع این دگرگونی ها، تغییر در\nتنوع و ترکیب کاربری های شهری در بخش مرکزی شهرها بسیار بیشتر از دیگر بخشهای شهر نمایان میشود که در بسیاری\nاز موارد از جمله بخش مرکزی شهر شیراز، به عنوان یکی از مسائل شهری، برجسته شده است. بخش مرکزی شیراز در\nگذشته دارای ترکیب مناسب، سازگار و متنوعی از کاربری ها بوده، به گونه ای که از شدت کارآیی مکانی بیشتری نسبت به\nسایر محدوده های شهر برخوردار بوده است. امروز با یک نگاه موشکافانه میتوان دریافت، هرجا که این ترکیب و تنوع از\nبین رفته، با جابه جایی جمعیتی و فرسودگی کالبدی همراه شده و زوال شهری ظهور پیدا کرده است. بنابراین پژوهش\nحاضر این سئوال اساسی را مورد پرسش قرار داده است که چه رابطه ای بین ابعاد ترکیب کاربری ها (اختلاط کاربری) و\nشدت کارآیی مکانی کاربری های شهری وجود دارد؟ هدف کلی این تحقیق، معرفی رویکرد توسعه شهری مبتنی بر ترکیب\nکاربری ها به عنوان یکی از رویکردهای نوین توسعه شهری و کاربرد مدل مفهومی مورد نظر آن در ارزیابی شدت کارآیی مکانی\nکاربری اراضی شهری است (در این مطالعه: بخش مرکزی شهر شیراز.) در این پژوهش، ابتدا ابعاد ترکیب کاربری های شهری\nبخش مرکزی شیراز براساس مدل مفهومی آلن راولی از ترکیب کاربری ها، کشف شده و سپس با اتخاذ آن به عنوان متغیر\nمستقل، میزان شدت کارآیی مکانی کاربری های بخش، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. مدل تحلیل فضایی که برای این\nمنظور در نظر گرفته شده، مدل(اینتنسیتی زونینگ کنترل) است. همچنین برای ارزیابی روابط، از روشهای آماری مانند\nآنالیز واریانس، آزمون(چی اسکویر) و ضریب همبستگی استفاده شده است. ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بین شدت کارآیی\nمکانی کاربری های بخش مرکزی شهر شیراز و ابعاد ترکیب کاربریها برابر با  0/191بوده است. در تفسیر این آماره میتوان\nبیان کرد که حدود  19تا  20درصد کارآیی مکانی کاربری ً های شهری در این بخش، مستقیما به الگوهای ترکیب کاربری ها\nمربوط میشود. همچنین مقادیر نسبت بین مربع میانگین رگرسیون و مربع میانگین باقیمانده ها نشان داد که با افزایش\nیک واحد در مقدار متغیر مستقل یا همان ترکیب کاربری ها، برابر با  4/6واحد به شدت کارآیی مکانی کاربری های بخش\nمرکزی افزوده میشود. در نهایت نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد، دستکم  20درصد از پویایی و کارآیی مکانی کاربری ها به این\nمتغیر باز میگردد؛ از این رو میتوان این رابطه را در تهیه طرحهای شهری و برنامه ریزی های شهرسازانه، مورد توجه قرارداد
Hydrochus elineae Makhan
Creators: name: Perkins, Philip D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Hydrochidae
Hydrochus
Hydrochus elineae

description: Hydrochus elineae Makhan
Figs. 2, 19, 33
Hydrochus elineae Makhan 1994: 41.
Originally described from Mexico. New locality data records from Mexico are given below.
Material examined (20): Mexico: Nayarit, 18 mi. N.W. Tepic, 27.xi.1948, leg. H. B. Leech (2 CAS); 21 mi. S. Acaponeta, 11.viii.1963, leg. E. L. Sleeper (12 CAS); 8.7 mi. E. San Blas, 1.vii.1962, leg. E. Sleeper, R. Anderson, A. Hardy, R. Somerby (1 CAS); Acaponeta, 15.viii.1960, leg. E. S. Ross, D. C. Rentz, P. H. Arnaud Jr. (5 CAS).
Differential diagnosis. Among Central American species, recognized by the combination of large size, the largest species in Mexico (ca. 5.00 mm), the deep pronotal depressions, the relatively small prothorax, and the male genitalia (Fig. 19; described below). The male genitalia are characterized by a big basal piece, a wide aedeagus which, in lateral view, has the dorsal surface concave just distal to the adbl.
Male genitalia (Fig. 19). General characters: paramere tips slender and pointed, extending well beyond aedeagus apex, in lateral view parameres abruptly narrowing at tips, in dorsal/ventral views with medial margins at apex parallel or nearly so, then arcuate away from midline, plsa absent or nearly so; aedeagus in dorsal/ventral views wide, agw slightly distal to midlength, margins in proximal ½ slightly sinuate; dorsal margin in lateral view with deep indentation at ca. basal 1/3, otherwise aedeagus wider; lateral margins of aedeagus sclerotized; basal piece distinctly longer than parameres, widened from distal to proximal, width at widest part wider than width at paramere base.
Dorsal surface: pdmm widely separated distally, very narrowly separated at adbl; adbl moderately large; adtl at about distal 1/5.
Ventral surface: pvmm approximating lateral margin of aedeagus in distal ½, overlapping in proximal 1/2; avtl not apparent.
Remarks. I have examined the holotype, including the male genitalia, of H. elineae (ZMHB). The specimen imaged (Fig. 19) has this locality data: Nayarit, 21 mi. S. Acaponeta, 11.viii.1963, leg. E. L. Sleeper.
description: Published as part of Perkins, Philip D., 2021, Taxonomy of Central American water beetles in the genus Hydrochus Leach, 1817 (Coleoptera: Hydrochidae), pp. 459-503 in Zootaxa 4974 (3) on page 475, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4777839
Ancient and Novel Small RNA Pathways Compensate for the Loss of piRNAs in Multiple Independent Nematode Lineages
Creators: name: Goldstein, Bob
name: Blaxter, Mark L.
name: Miska, Eric A.
name: Fast, Naomi M.
name: Hanelt, Ben
name: Taylor, Mark J.
name: Sarkies, Peter
name: Ardila-Garcia, Alex
name: Koutsovoulos, Georgios
name: Schiffer, Phillip M.
name: Selkirk, Murray E.
name: Kraus, Christopher
name: Blok, Vivian
name: Jones, John T.
name: Boothby, Thomas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Small RNA pathways act at the front line of defence against transposable elements across the Eukaryota. In animals, Piwi interacting small RNAs (piRNAs) are a crucial arm of this defence. However, the evolutionary relationships among piRNAs and other small RNA pathways targeting transposable elements are poorly resolved. To address this question we sequenced small RNAs from multiple, diverse nematode species, producing the first phylum-wide analysis of how small RNA pathways evolve. Surprisingly, despite their prominence in Caenorhabditis elegans and closely related nematodes, piRNAs are absent in all other nematode lineages. We found that there are at least two evolutionarily distinct mechanisms that compensate for the absence of piRNAs, both involving RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs). Whilst one pathway is unique to nematodes, the second involves Dicer-dependent RNA-directed DNA methylation, hitherto unknown in animals, and bears striking similarity to transposon-control mechanisms in fungi and plants. Our results highlight the rapid, context-dependent evolution of small RNA pathways and suggest piRNAs in animals may have replaced an ancient eukaryotic RNA-dependent RNA polymerase pathway to control transposable elements.