cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Separatrices: the crux of reconnection
Creators: name: Lapenta, Giovanni
name: Markidis, Stefano
name: Divin, Andrey
name: Newman, David
name: Goldman, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reconnection is one of the key processes in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas: it is the opposite of a dynamo. Looking at energy, a dynamo transforms kinetic energy in magnetic energy while reconnection takes magnetic energy and returns is to its kinetic form. Most plasma processes at their core involve first storing magnetic energy accumulated over time and then releasing it suddenly. We focus here on this release. A key concept in analysing reconnection is that of the separatrix, a surface (line in 2D) that separates the fresh unperturbed plasma embedded in magnetic field lines not yet reconnected with the hotter exhaust embedded in reconnected field lines. In kinetic physics, the separatrices become a layer where many key processes develop. We present here new results relative to the processes at the separatrices that regulate the plasma flow, the energisation of the species, the electromagnetic fields and the instabilities developing at the separatrices.
Interpolating Log-Determinant and Trace of the Powers of Matrix $\mathbf{A} + t \mathbf{B}$
Creators: name: Ameli, Siavash
name: Shadden, Shawn C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 15A15, 15A45, 62J05

description: We develop heuristic interpolation methods for the functions $t \mapsto \log \det \left( \mathbf{A} + t \mathbf{B} \right)$ and $t \mapsto \operatorname{trace}\left( (\mathbf{A} + t \mathbf{B})^{p} \right)$ where the matrices $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are Hermitian and positive (semi) definite and $p$ and $t$ are real variables. These functions are featured in many applications in statistics, machine learning, and computational physics. The presented interpolation functions are based on the modification of sharp bounds for these functions. We demonstrate the accuracy and performance of the proposed method with numerical examples, namely, the marginal maximum likelihood estimation for Gaussian process regression and the estimation of the regularization parameter of ridge regression with the generalized cross-validation method.
Effective field theory in larger clusters - Ising Model
Creators: name: Akıncı, Ümit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General formulation for the effective field theory with differential operator technique and the decoupling approximation with larger finite clusters (namely EFT-$N$ formulation) has been derived, for S-1/2 bulk systems. The effect of the enlarging this finite cluster on the results in the critical temperatures and thermodynamic properties have been investigated in detail. Beside the improvement on the critical temperatures, the necessity of using larger clusters, especially in nano materials have been discussed. With the derived formulation, application on the effective field and mean field renormalization group techniques also have been performed.
Efficient and robust analysis of complex scattering data under noise in microwave resonators
Creators: name: Probst, S.
name: Song, F. B.
name: Bushev, P. A.
name: Ustinov, A. V.
name: Weides, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting microwave resonators are reliable circuits widely used for detection and as test devices for material research. A reliable determination of their external and internal quality factors is crucial for many modern applications, which either require fast measurements or operate in the single photon regime with small signal to noise ratios. Here, we use the circle fit technique with diameter correction and provide a step by step guide for implementing an algorithm for robust fitting and calibration of complex resonator scattering data in the presence of noise. The speedup and robustness of the analysis are achieved by employing an algebraic rather than an iterative fit technique for the resonance circle.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
RooHammerModel: interfacing the HAMMER software tool with the HistFactory package
Creators: name: Pardiñas, J. García
name: Meloni, S.
name: Grillo, L.
name: Owen, P.
name: Calvi, M.
name: Serra, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent $B$-physics results have sparkled great interest in the search for beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) physics in $b\to c\ell \barν$ transitions. The need to analyse in a consistent manner big datasets for these searches, using high-statistics Monte-Carlo (MC) samples, led to the development of HAMMER, a software tool which enables to perform a fast morphing of MC-derived templates to include BSM effects and/or alternative parameterisations of long-distance effects, avoiding the need to re-generate simulated samples. This paper describes the development of RooHammerModel, an interface between this tool and the commonly-used data-fitting frameworks HistFactory and RooFit. In this document, the structure and functionality of the user interface are explained. Information of a public repository where it can be accessed is provided, as well as validation and performance studies of the interface. The methods developed in the construction of RooHammerModel can provide useful information for alternative future attempts to interface HAMMER with other data-fitting frameworks.
Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies in African Americans Provides Insights into the Genetic Architecture of Type 2 Diabetes
Creators: name: Chen, Wei-Min
name: Guo, Xiuqing
name: Sun, Yan V.
name: Nalls, Michael A.
name: Bielinski, Suzette J.
name: Palmer, Nicholette D.
name: An, Ping
name: Long, Jirong
name: Liu, Jiankang
name: Keene, Keith L.
name: Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J.
name: Yanek, Lisa R.
name: Goodarzi, Mark O.
name: Patel, Sanjay R.
name: Nayak, Uma
name: Shriner, Daniel
name: Mudgal, Poorva
name: Freedman, Barry I.
name: Mychaleckyj, Josyf C.
name: Raffel, Leslie J.
name: Armstrong, Loren L.
name: Lu, Yingchang
name: Ng, Maggie C. Y.
name: Snively, Beverly M.
name: Li, Jiang
name: Chen, Brian H.
name: Comeau, Mary E.
name: Wagenknecht, Lynne
name: Yang, Lingyao
name: Jensen, Richard A.
name: Evans, Daniel S.
name: Langefeld, Carl D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent in African Americans than in Europeans. However, little is known about the genetic risk in African Americans despite the recent identification of more than 70 T2D loci primarily by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. In order to investigate the genetic architecture of T2D in African Americans, the MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium examined 17 GWAS on T2D comprising 8,284 cases and 15,543 controls in African Americans in stage 1 analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) association analysis was conducted in each study under the additive model after adjustment for age, sex, study site, and principal components. Meta-analysis of approximately 2.6 million genotyped and imputed SNPs in all studies was conducted using an inverse variance-weighted fixed effect model. Replications were performed to follow up 21 loci in up to 6,061 cases and 5,483 controls in African Americans, and 8,130 cases and 38,987 controls of European ancestry. We identified three known loci (TCF7L2, HMGA2 and KCNQ1) and two novel loci (HLA-B and INS-IGF2) at genome-wide significance (4.15×10−94<P<5×10−8, odds ratio (OR) = 1.09 to 1.36). Fine-mapping revealed that 88 of 158 previously identified T2D or glucose homeostasis loci demonstrated nominal to highly significant association (2.2×10−23 < locus-wide P<0.05). These novel and previously identified loci yielded a sibling relative risk of 1.19, explaining 17.5% of the phenotypic variance of T2D on the liability scale in African Americans. Overall, this study identified two novel susceptibility loci for T2D in African Americans. A substantial number of previously reported loci are transferable to African Americans after accounting for linkage disequilibrium, enabling fine mapping of causal variants in trans-ethnic meta-analysis studies.
Quantitative Genetics of CTCF Binding Reveal Local Sequence Effects and Different Modes of X-Chromosome Association
Creators: name: Timmer, Sander W.
name: Iyer, Vishwanath R.
name: Yang, Fengtang
name: Lieb, Jason D.
name: Ni, Yunyun
name: Crawford, Gregory E.
name: Lee, Bum-Kyu
name: Dunham, Ian
name: Ding, Zhihao
name: Louzada, Sandra
name: Durbin, Richard
name: Birney, Ewan
name: Battenhouse, Anna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Associating genetic variation with quantitative measures of gene regulation offers a way to bridge the gap between genotype and complex phenotypes. In order to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that influence the binding of a transcription factor in humans, we measured binding of the multifunctional transcription and chromatin factor CTCF in 51 HapMap cell lines. We identified thousands of QTLs in which genotype differences were associated with differences in CTCF binding strength, hundreds of them confirmed by directly observable allele-specific binding bias. The majority of QTLs were either within 1 kb of the CTCF binding motif, or in linkage disequilibrium with a variant within 1 kb of the motif. On the X chromosome we observed three classes of binding sites: a minority class bound only to the active copy of the X chromosome, the majority class bound to both the active and inactive X, and a small set of female-specific CTCF sites associated with two non-coding RNA genes. In sum, our data reveal extensive genetic effects on CTCF binding, both direct and indirect, and identify a diversity of patterns of CTCF binding on the X chromosome.
Probing of valley polarization in graphene via optical second-harmonic generation
Creators: name: Wehling, T. O.
name: Huber, A.
name: Lichtenstein, A. I.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Valley polarization in graphene breaks inversion symmetry and therefore leads to second-harmonic generation. We present a complete theory of this effect within a single-particle approximation. It is shown that this may be a sensitive tool to measure the valley polarization created, e.g., by polarized light and, thus, can be used for a development of ultrafast valleytronics in graphene.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Post-fire properties of an aluminium bridge after a localised fire
Creators: name: Molkens, Tom
name: Bassier, Maarten
name: Karabulut, Burak
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fire safety engineering

description: Aluminium is acknowledged in machinery, transportation (automotive, aerospace, marine) and building industries as an outstanding material. Nevertheless, in buildings, the material is mostly used in secondary elements and not as primary structural bearing elements. This is mostly thanks to the excellent strength-to-weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, and best possible recycling ratio of all ferrous and non-ferrous metals used in the building industry. Unfortunately, based on pure CO2 emissions, primary aluminium is highly polluting, even up to 8.6 kg CO2/kg equivalent. On the other hand, when 100% recycled aluminium is used, the CO2 emissions decrease to 0.5 kg CO2/kg, a value significantly below the one of concrete and steel. All these arguments highlight the potential that the material itself has promising features for the future. To exploit superior properties of aluminium, structural fire safety concerns must also be addressed in both pre- and post- design phases. Demonstrating the post-fire behaviour of an aluminium bridge under the effect of a car fire has been the driving idea behind this experimental research.
Towards a Precise Semantics for Object-Oriented Modeling Techniques
Creators: name: Breu, Ruth
name: Grosu, Radu
name: Huber, Franz
name: Rumpe, Bernhard
name: Schwerin, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we present a possible way how a precise semantics of object oriented modeling techniques can be achieved and what the possible benefits are .We outline the main modeling techniques used in the SysLab project sketch how a precise semantics can be given and how this semantics can be used during the development process.
description: 6 pages, 0 figures
Angus Reid Report: Volume 11, Number 3
Creators: name: Group, The Angus Reid
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Most important issues(9); economy(6); personal economic situation(3); employment(4); job security(1); under employed(2); occupation(2); benefits(1); own a business vs being employed(1); location of employment(5); part time vs full time employment(1); technology in workplace(6); federal government(1); large corporations(3); layoffs and downsizing(3); gay and lesbian discrimination(2); charity(5); political party(3); merging political parties(1).
(:unas) unassigned
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2024

description: L’articolo ha come oggetto la rappresentazione del primo conflitto mondiale negli scritti di Federico De Roberto. L’autore, dopo l’entrata in guerra dell’Italia, partecipa alle attività di propaganda a sostegno del fronte interno con una serie di articoli pubblicati su vari quotidiani, successivamente raccolti in volume. Egli sostiene, con argomentazioni che si fondano su una filosofia della storia di matrice positivista, la necessità della partecipazione dell’Italia a fianco degli stati che incarnano il progresso. Conclusa la guerra, tuttavia, De Roberto, in alcune novelle, revoca in dubbio le precedenti certezze, mettendo in scena le tragiche vicende dei soldati che vi hanno partecipato in prima persona. Così, superando gli schematismi imposti dall’ideologia positivista, scopre le vite degli uomini reali che sono stati coinvolti negli eventi bellici.
SMA-Causing Missense Mutations in Survival motor neuron (Smn) Display a Wide Range of Phenotypes When Modeled in Drosophila
Creators: name: Gray, Kelsey M.
name: Praveen, Kavita
name: Wen, Ying
name: Noto, John J.
name: Van Duyne, Gregory D.
name: Patlolla, Akash R.
name: Matera, A. Gregory
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Mutations in the human survival motor neuron 1 (SMN) gene are the primary cause of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a devastating neuromuscular disorder. SMN protein has a well-characterized role in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), core components of the spliceosome. Additional tissue-specific and global functions have been ascribed to SMN; however, their relevance to SMA pathology is poorly understood and controversial. Using Drosophila as a model system, we created an allelic series of twelve Smn missense mutations, originally identified in human SMA patients. We show that animals expressing these SMA-causing mutations display a broad range of phenotypic severities, similar to the human disease. Furthermore, specific interactions with other proteins known to be important for SMN's role in RNP assembly are conserved. Intragenic complementation analyses revealed that the three most severe mutations, all of which map to the YG box self-oligomerization domain of SMN, display a stronger phenotype than the null allele and behave in a dominant fashion. In support of this finding, the severe YG box mutants are defective in self-interaction assays, yet maintain their ability to heterodimerize with wild-type SMN. When expressed at high levels, wild-type SMN is able to suppress the activity of the mutant protein. These results suggest that certain SMN mutants can sequester the wild-type protein into inactive complexes. Molecular modeling of the SMN YG box dimer provides a structural basis for this dominant phenotype. These data demonstrate that important structural and functional features of the SMN YG box are conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates, emphasizing the importance of self-interaction to the proper functioning of SMN.
Tubular Shape Aware Data Generation for Semantic Segmentation in Medical Imaging
Creators: name: Sirazitdinov, Ilyas
name: Schulz, Heinrich
name: Saalbach, Axel
name: Renisch, Steffen
name: Dylov, Dmitry V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chest X-ray is one of the most widespread examinations of the human body. In interventional radiology, its use is frequently associated with the need to visualize various tube-like objects, such as puncture needles, guiding sheaths, wires, and catheters. Detection and precise localization of these tube-like objects in the X-ray images is, therefore, of utmost value, catalyzing the development of accurate target-specific segmentation algorithms. Similar to the other medical imaging tasks, the manual pixel-wise annotation of the tubes is a resource-consuming process. In this work, we aim to alleviate the lack of the annotated images by using artificial data. Specifically, we present an approach for synthetic data generation of the tube-shaped objects, with a generative adversarial network being regularized with a prior-shape constraint. Our method eliminates the need for paired image--mask data and requires only a weakly-labeled dataset (10--20 images) to reach the accuracy of the fully-supervised models. We report the applicability of the approach for the task of segmenting tubes and catheters in the X-ray images, whereas the results should also hold for the other imaging modalities.
The Association of the Vanin-1 N131S Variant with Blood Pressure Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation and Loss of Function
Creators: name: Wang, Heming
name: Tang, Hua
name: Feng, Tao
name: Wang, Ya-Juan
name: Sung, Yun Ju
name: Tayo, Bamidele O.
name: Zhu, Xiaofeng
name: Cooper, Richard S.
name: Mu, Ting-Wei
name: Bandyopadhyay, Anupam
name: Gao, Jianmin
name: Elston, Robert C.
name: Franceschini, Nora
name: Williams, Scott M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: High blood pressure (BP) is the most common cardiovascular risk factor worldwide and a major contributor to heart disease and stroke. We previously discovered a BP-associated missense SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)–rs2272996–in the gene encoding vanin-1, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane pantetheinase. In the present study, we first replicated the association of rs2272996 and BP traits with a total sample size of nearly 30,000 individuals from the Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network (COGENT) of African Americans (P = 0.01). This association was further validated using patient plasma samples; we observed that the N131S mutation is associated with significantly lower plasma vanin-1 protein levels. We observed that the N131S vanin-1 is subjected to rapid endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) as the underlying mechanism for its reduction. Using HEK293 cells stably expressing vanin-1 variants, we showed that N131S vanin-1 was degraded significantly faster than wild type (WT) vanin-1. Consequently, there were only minimal quantities of variant vanin-1 present on the plasma membrane and greatly reduced pantetheinase activity. Application of MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, resulted in accumulation of ubiquitinated variant protein. A further experiment demonstrated that atenolol and diltiazem, two current drugs for treating hypertension, reduce the vanin-1 protein level. Our study provides strong biological evidence for the association of the identified SNP with BP and suggests that vanin-1 misfolding and degradation are the underlying molecular mechanism.
Unisexual Reproduction Drives Meiotic Recombination and Phenotypic and Karyotypic Plasticity in Cryptococcus neoformans
Creators: name: Billmyre, R. Blake
name: Heitman, Joseph
name: Sun, Sheng
name: Mieczkowski, Piotr A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: In fungi, unisexual reproduction, where sexual development is initiated without the presence of two compatible mating type alleles, has been observed in several species that can also undergo traditional bisexual reproduction, including the important human fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. While unisexual reproduction has been well characterized qualitatively, detailed quantifications are still lacking for aspects of this process, such as the frequency of recombination during unisexual reproduction, and how this compares with bisexual reproduction. Here, we analyzed meiotic recombination during α-α unisexual and a-α bisexual reproduction of C. neoformans. We found that meiotic recombination operates in a similar fashion during both modes of sexual reproduction. Specifically, we observed that in α-α unisexual reproduction, the numbers of crossovers along the chromosomes during meiosis, recombination frequencies at specific chromosomal regions, as well as meiotic recombination hot and cold spots, are all similar to those observed during a-α bisexual reproduction. The similarity in meiosis is also reflected by the fact that phenotypic segregation among progeny collected from the two modes of sexual reproduction is also similar, with transgressive segregation being observed in both. Additionally, we found diploid meiotic progeny were also produced at similar frequencies in the two modes of sexual reproduction, and transient chromosomal loss and duplication likely occurs frequently and results in aneuploidy and loss of heterozygosity that can span entire chromosomes. Furthermore, in both α-α unisexual and a-α bisexual reproduction, we observed biased allele inheritance in regions on chromosome 4, suggesting the presence of fragile chromosomal regions that might be vulnerable to mitotic recombination. Interestingly, we also observed a crossover event that occurred within the MAT locus during α-α unisexual reproduction. Our results provide definitive evidence that α-α unisexual reproduction is a meiotic process similar to a-α bisexual reproduction.
A Multi-Megabase Copy Number Gain Causes Maternal Transmission Ratio Distortion on Mouse Chromosome 2
Creators: name: Harrill, Alison H.
name: Didion, John P.
name: Chesler, Elissa J.
name: French, John E.
name: Petkov, Petko M.
name: Miller, Darla R.
name: Bai, Ling
name: O'Brien, Deborah A.
name: Mcmullan, Rachel C.
name: Aylor, David L.
name: Geiger, Thomas R.
name: Svenson, Karen L
name: Bell, Timothy A.
name: Weinstock, George M.
name: Clayshulte, Amelia M.-F.
name: Rowe, Lucy B.
name: Calaway, Mark
name: Shaw, Ginger D.
name: Crowley, James J.
name: Pan, Wenqi
name: Hunter, Kent
name: Gatti, Daniel M.
name: Paigen, Kenneth
name: Hua, Kunjie
name: Garland, Theodore
name: Morgan, Andrew P.
name: McMillan, Leonard
name: Simecek, Petr
name: Holt, Matt
name: Yadgary, Liran
name: Gooch, Terry J.
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Significant departures from expected Mendelian inheritance ratios (transmission ratio distortion, TRD) are frequently observed in both experimental crosses and natural populations. TRD on mouse Chromosome (Chr) 2 has been reported in multiple experimental crosses, including the Collaborative Cross (CC). Among the eight CC founder inbred strains, we found that Chr 2 TRD was exclusive to females that were heterozygous for the WSB/EiJ allele within a 9.3 Mb region (Chr 2 76.9 – 86.2 Mb). A copy number gain of a 127 kb-long DNA segment (designated as responder to drive, R2d) emerged as the strongest candidate for the causative allele. We mapped R2d sequences to two loci within the candidate interval. R2d1 is located near the proximal boundary, and contains a single copy of R2d in all strains tested. R2d2 maps to a 900 kb interval, and the number of R2d copies varies from zero in classical strains (including the mouse reference genome) to more than 30 in wild-derived strains. Using real-time PCR assays for the copy number, we identified a mutation (R2d2WSBdel1) that eliminates the majority of the R2d2WSB copies without apparent alterations of the surrounding WSB/EiJ haplotype. In a three-generation pedigree segregating for R2d2WSBdel1, the mutation is transmitted to the progeny and Mendelian segregation is restored in females heterozygous for R2d2WSBdel1, thus providing direct evidence that the copy number gain is causal for maternal TRD. We found that transmission ratios in R2d2WSB heterozygous females vary between Mendelian segregation and complete distortion depending on the genetic background, and that TRD is under genetic control of unlinked distorter loci. Although the R2d2WSB transmission ratio was inversely correlated with average litter size, several independent lines of evidence support the contention that female meiotic drive is the cause of the distortion. We discuss the implications and potential applications of this novel meiotic drive system.
Baseline Strategy: Identifying priorities, action lines and how Pilot Experiences will contribute to the strategy
Creators: name: Fox, Jennifer
name: Garniati, Leuserina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: shipbuilding
offshore renewable energy
maritime technologies
skills strategy

description: The three main objectives of the MATES Baseline Strategy Report are: Prioritisation of the actions needed and selection of those most relevant to the Shipbuilding and Offshore Renewable Energy sectors. First, a prioritisation system had to be established (which would include both priority criteria and the terms of reference for their application) as well as the classification of all the training needs captured in the different foresight scenarios. Clear definition of the actions which must be put in place to address the top-rated priorities. A cross-linking of the Prioritised Lines of Action with MATES Pilot Experiences to identify how best to maximise their strategic alignment and impact and in this way to provide feedback for the Pilot Experiences’ comprehensive planning, execution and assessment. For this purpose, three different sets of information were collected and analysed: The results of the voting process set up with the experts (which involved an online workshop with over 50 experts and a SurveyMonkey survey). The results from the Delphi questionnaire (which was used to identify and assess the Paradigm Shifters relevant to each sector; six for Shipbuilding and five Offshore Renewable Energy). The draft proposals from the Pilot Experiences. Click here for more details on the Pilot Experiences.
Global Adaptive Filtering Layer for Computer Vision
Creators: name: Shipitsin, Viktor
name: Bespalov, Iaroslav
name: Dylov, Dmitry V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We devise a universal adaptive neural layer to "learn" optimal frequency filter for each image together with the weights of the base neural network that performs some computer vision task. The proposed approach takes the source image in the spatial domain, automatically selects the best frequencies from the frequency domain, and transmits the inverse-transform image to the main neural network. Remarkably, such a simple add-on layer dramatically improves the performance of the main network regardless of its design. We observe that the light networks gain a noticeable boost in the performance metrics; whereas, the training of the heavy ones converges faster when our adaptive layer is allowed to "learn" alongside the main architecture. We validate the idea in four classical computer vision tasks: classification, segmentation, denoising, and erasing, considering popular natural and medical data benchmarks.
description: The manuscript is under consideration at Computer Vision and Image Understanding. 28 pages, 25 figures (main article and supplementary material). V.S. and I.B contributed equally, D.V.D is Corresponding author
Differentiable Quantum Architecture Search
Creators: name: Zhang, Shi-Xin
name: Hsieh, Chang-Yu
name: Zhang, Shengyu
name: Yao, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum architecture search (QAS) is the process of automating architecture engineering of quantum circuits. It has been desired to construct a powerful and general QAS platform which can significantly accelerate current efforts to identify quantum advantages of error-prone and depth-limited quantum circuits in the NISQ era. Hereby, we propose a general framework of differentiable quantum architecture search (DQAS), which enables automated designs of quantum circuits in an end-to-end differentiable fashion. We present several examples of circuit design problems to demonstrate the power of DQAS. For instance, unitary operations are decomposed into quantum gates, noisy circuits are re-designed to improve accuracy, and circuit layouts for quantum approximation optimization algorithm are automatically discovered and upgraded for combinatorial optimization problems. These results not only manifest the vast potential of DQAS being an essential tool for the NISQ application developments, but also present an interesting research topic from the theoretical perspective as it draws inspirations from the newly emerging interdisciplinary paradigms of differentiable programming, probabilistic programming, and quantum programming.
description: 9.1 pages + Appendix, 5 figures
Canadian Gallup Poll # 1956-250: Speed Limit/Russia/Television/Health/Smoking/Politics
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Federal elections vote intent (1); past federal elections vote (1); Canadian highways (7); Russia striving for world dominance (4); breaking monopoly of CBC TV (2); quiz--world personalities (10); Trans-Canada pipeline (3); medical costs and taxes (2); smoking habits (3); Prime Minister job performance (2).
Time-Delayed Magnetic Control and Narrowing of X-Ray frequency Spectra in Two-Target Nuclear Forward Scattering
Creators: name: Lin, Po-Han
name: Fu, Yen-Yu
name: Liao, Wen-Te
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Controlling and narrowing x-ray frequency spectra in magnetically perturbed two-target nuclear forward scattering is theoretically studied. We show that different hard-x-ray spectral redistributions can be achieved by single or multiple switching of magnetic field in nuclear targets. Our scheme can generate x-ray spectral lines with tenfold intensity enhancement and spectral width narrower than four times the nuclear natural linewidth. The present results pave the way towards a brighter and flexible x-ray source for precision spectroscopy of nuclear resonances using modern synchrotron radiation.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Evidence for Lunar True Polar Wander, and a Past Low-Eccentricity, Synchronous Lunar Orbit
Creators: name: Keane, James Tuttle
name: Matsuyama, Isamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As first noted 200 years ago by Laplace, the Moon's rotational and tidal bulges are significantly larger than expected, given the Moon's present orbital and rotational state. This excess deformation has been ascribed to a fossil figure, frozen in when the Moon was closer to the Earth. However, the observed figure is only consistent with an eccentric and non-synchronous orbit, contrary to our understanding of the Moon's formation and evolution. Here, we show that lunar mascons and impact basins have a significant contribution to the observed lunar figure. Removing their contribution reveals a misaligned fossil figure consistent with an early epoch of true polar wander (driven by the formation of the South Pole-Aitken Basin) and an early low-eccentricity, synchronous lunar orbit. This new self-consistent model solves a long-standing problem in planetary science, and will inform future studies of the Moon's dynamical evolution and early dynamo.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. Accepted to Geophysical Research Letters (GRL), DOI: 10.1002/2014GL061195
Canadian Gallup Poll # 1960-280: Employment/Business
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Federal election vote intent (1); past federal elections vote (1); Prime Minister job performance (2); minimum family income (1); pay raises for railroad workers (2); legislative influence by labor and business (2); capital punishment (1); TV commercials (2); Canada's defense policies (2); old age pensions (2); immigration to Canada and refugees (3); Canada and NATO (3); advertising in mass media (4); church/synagogue attendance (2).
Canadian Gallup Poll # 1975-372: Politics/Environment
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Federal election vote intent (1); past federal elections vote (1); services provided by government (4); Canadian TV programming (2); taxes (1); child day-care centers (3); standard of living (1); poor quality of merchandise (3); greatest personal/family problem (1); environmental pollution (3); liberalization of drinking laws (2).
Canadian Gallup Poll # 1975-374: Elections/Race
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Federal election vote intent (1); past federal elections vote (1); business conditions (2); minimum family income (1); capital punishment (2); corporal punishment in schools (1); racial intolerance in Canada (2); unemployment/inflation as government's priorities (1).
A New Method for Detecting Associations with Rare Copy-Number Variants
Creators: name: Tzeng, Jung-Ying
name: Szatkiewicz, Jin P.
name: Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Copy number variants (CNVs) play an important role in the etiology of many diseases such as cancers and psychiatric disorders. Due to a modest marginal effect size or the rarity of the CNVs, collapsing rare CNVs together and collectively evaluating their effect serves as a key approach to evaluating the collective effect of rare CNVs on disease risk. While a plethora of powerful collapsing methods are available for sequence variants (e.g., SNPs) in association analysis, these methods cannot be directly applied to rare CNVs due to the CNV-specific challenges, i.e., the multi-faceted nature of CNV polymorphisms (e.g., CNVs vary in size, type, dosage, and details of gene disruption), and etiological heterogeneity (e.g., heterogeneous effects of duplications and deletions that occur within a locus or in different loci). Existing CNV collapsing analysis methods (a.k.a. the burden test) tend to have suboptimal performance due to the fact that these methods often ignore heterogeneity and evaluate only the marginal effects of a CNV feature. We introduce CCRET, a random effects test for collapsing rare CNVs when searching for disease associations. CCRET is applicable to variants measured on a multi-categorical scale, collectively modeling the effects of multiple CNV features, and is robust to etiological heterogeneity. Multiple confounders can be simultaneously corrected. To evaluate the performance of CCRET, we conducted extensive simulations and analyzed large-scale schizophrenia datasets. We show that CCRET has powerful and robust performance under multiple types of etiological heterogeneity, and has performance comparable to or better than existing methods when there is no heterogeneity.
Canadian Gallup Poll # 1980-434B: Politics/Environment/Television
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Federal election vote intent (1); past federal elections vote (1); greatest problem facing government (1); confidence in US (1); mandatory retirement (1); child-care centers (1); nuclear war (1); environmental pollution (3); Canada's population size (1); workers' participation in running a company (1); cable TV service (2).
Canadian Gallup Poll # 1980-436A: Government/Elections/Military/Television
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Federal election vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); minimum family income(1); premarital sex(1); area courts and criminality(1); mandatory military training for young men and women(2); drinking habits(2); Canada breaking up(1). Note: Demographics(15).
Bi-frequency illumination: a quantum-enhanced protocol
Creators: name: Casariego, Mateo
name: Omar, Yasser
name: Sanz, Mikel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-enhanced, idler-free sensing protocol to measure the response of a target object to the frequency of a probe in a noisy and lossy scenario is proposed. In this protocol, a target with frequency-dependent reflectivity embedded in a thermal bath is considered. The aim is to estimate the parameter $λ= η(ω_2)-η(ω_1)$, since it contains relevant information for different problems. For this, a bi-frequency quantum state is employed as the resource, since it is necessary to capture the relevant information about the parameter. Computing the quantum Fisher information $H$ relative to the parameter $λ$ in an assumed neighborhood of $λ\sim 0$ for a two-mode squeezed state ($H_Q$), and a coherent state ($H_C$), a quantum enhancement is shown in the estimation of $λ$. This quantum enhancement grows with the mean reflectivity of the probed object, and is noise-resilient. Explicit formulas are derived for the optimal observables, and an experimental scheme based on elementary quantum optical transformations is proposed. Furthermore, this work opens the way to applications in both radar and medical imaging, in particular in the microwave domain.
description: Published version: includes new results and figures
A Rolling Circle Replication Mechanism Produces Multimeric Lariats of Mitochondrial DNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Jacobs, Howard T.
name: Joers, Priit
name: Willcox, Smaranda
name: Hyman, Bradley C.
name: Griffith, Jack D.
name: Lewis, Samantha C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes respiratory complex subunits essential to almost all eukaryotes; hence respiratory competence requires faithful duplication of this molecule. However, the mechanism(s) of its synthesis remain hotly debated. Here we have developed Caenorhabditis elegans as a convenient animal model for the study of metazoan mtDNA synthesis. We demonstrate that C. elegans mtDNA replicates exclusively by a phage-like mechanism, in which multimeric molecules are synthesized from a circular template. In contrast to previous mammalian studies, we found that mtDNA synthesis in the C. elegans gonad produces branched-circular lariat structures with multimeric DNA tails; we were able to detect multimers up to four mtDNA genome unit lengths. Further, we did not detect elongation from a displacement-loop or analogue of 7S DNA, suggesting a clear difference from human mtDNA in regard to the site(s) of replication initiation. We also identified cruciform mtDNA species that are sensitive to cleavage by the resolvase RusA; we suggest these four-way junctions may have a role in concatemer-to-monomer resolution. Overall these results indicate that mtDNA synthesis in C. elegans does not conform to any previously documented metazoan mtDNA replication mechanism, but instead are strongly suggestive of rolling circle replication, as employed by bacteriophages. As several components of the metazoan mitochondrial DNA replisome are likely phage-derived, these findings raise the possibility that the rolling circle mtDNA replication mechanism may be ancestral among metazoans.
A Truncated NLR Protein, TIR-NBS2, Is Required for Activated Defense Responses in the exo70B1 Mutant
Creators: name: Zhao, Ting
name: Rui, Lu
name: Nishimura, Marc T.
name: Dangl, Jeffery L.
name: Liu, Na
name: Zhao, Yaofei
name: Vogel, John P.
name: Tang, Dingzhong
name: Li, Juan
name: Liu, Simu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: During exocytosis, the evolutionarily conserved exocyst complex tethers Golgi-derived vesicles to the target plasma membrane, a critical function for secretory pathways. Here we show that exo70B1 loss-of-function mutants express activated defense responses upon infection and express enhanced resistance to fungal, oomycete and bacterial pathogens. In a screen for mutants that suppress exo70B1 resistance, we identified nine alleles of TIR-NBS2 (TN2), suggesting that loss-of-function of EXO70B1 leads to activation of this nucleotide binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR)-like disease resistance protein. This NLR-like protein is atypical because it lacks the LRR domain common in typical NLR receptors. In addition, we show that TN2 interacts with EXO70B1 in yeast and in planta. Our study thus provides a link between the exocyst complex and the function of a ‘TIR-NBS only’ immune receptor like protein. Our data are consistent with a speculative model wherein pathogen effectors could evolve to target EXO70B1 to manipulate plant secretion machinery. TN2 could monitor EXO70B1 integrity as part of an immune receptor complex.
A converse to Lieb-Robinson bounds in one dimension using index theory
Creators: name: Ranard, Daniel
name: Walter, Michael
name: Witteveen, Freek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unitary dynamics with a strict causal cone (or "light cone") have been studied extensively, under the name of quantum cellular automata (QCAs). In particular, QCAs in one dimension have been completely classified by an index theory. Physical systems often exhibit only approximate causal cones; Hamiltonian evolutions on the lattice satisfy Lieb-Robinson bounds rather than strict locality. This motivates us to study approximately locality preserving unitaries (ALPUs). We show that the index theory is robust and completely extends to one-dimensional ALPUs. As a consequence, we achieve a converse to the Lieb-Robinson bounds: any ALPU of index zero can be exactly generated by some time-dependent, quasi-local Hamiltonian in constant time. For the special case of finite chains with open boundaries, any unitary satisfying the Lieb-Robinson bound may be generated by such a Hamiltonian. We also discuss some results on the stability of operator algebras which may be of independent interest.
description: 68 pages, 8 figures. v2: Significantly improved presentation throughout the paper; fixed an error in the statement of Theorem 2.6
Canadian Gallup Poll # 1981-445-1: Politics/Education/Elections/Salaries of Politicians
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Federal election vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); economic policies(2); public schools performance(1); greatest problem facing Canada(1); best choice for Prime Minister(1); political parties and issues(4); greatest threat to Canada: big business, labor or government(1); salary increase for Members of Parliament(3); Prime Minister and the opposition leader job performance(3). Note: Demographics(15).
Canadian Gallup Poll # 1981-446-1: Education/Capital Punishment
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Federal election vote intent (1); past federal elections vote (1); US-Canada relations under President Reagan (1); education (3); news reporting (1); capital punishment (3); labor unions (1); racial and sexual discrimination (2).
Analysis of the Relationships between DNA Double-Strand Breaks, Synaptonemal Complex and Crossovers Using the Atfas1-4 Mutant
Creators: name: Sánchez-Morán, Eugenio
name: Santos, Juan L.
name: Pradillo, Mónica
name: Copenhaver, Gregory P.
name: Varas, Javier
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF-1) is a histone chaperone that assembles acetylated histones H3/H4 onto newly synthesized DNA, allowing the de novo assembly of nucleosomes during replication. CAF-1 is an evolutionary conserved heterotrimeric protein complex. In Arabidopsis, the three CAF-1 subunits are encoded by FAS1, FAS2 and MSI1. Atfas1-4 mutants have reduced fertility due to a decrease in the number of cells that enter meiosis. Interestingly, the number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), measured by scoring the presence of γH2AX, AtRAD51 and AtDMC1 foci, is higher than in wild-type (WT) plants, and meiotic recombination genes such AtCOM1/SAE2, AtBRCA1, AtRAD51 and AtDMC1 are overexpressed. An increase in DSBs in this mutant does not have a significant effect in the mean chiasma frequency at metaphase I, nor a different number of AtMLH1 nor AtMUS81 foci per cell compared to WT at pachytene. Nevertheless, this mutant does show a higher gene conversion (GC) frequency. To examine how an increase in DSBs influences meiotic recombination and synaptonemal complex (SC) formation, we analyzed double mutants defective for AtFAS1 and different homologous recombination (HR) proteins. Most showed significant increases in both the mean number of synapsis initiation points (SIPs) and the total length of AtZYP1 stretches in comparison with the corresponding single mutants. These experiments also provide new insight into the relationships between the recombinases in Arabidopsis, suggesting a prominent role for AtDMC1 versus AtRAD51 in establishing interhomolog interactions. In Arabidopsis an increase in the number of DSBs does not translate to an increase in the number of crossovers (COs) but instead in a higher GC frequency. We discuss different mechanisms to explain these results including the possible existence of CO homeostasis in plants.