Cacopsylla sandolbaea
Creators: name: Cho, Geonho
name: Burckhardt, Daniel
name: Inoue, Hiromitsu
name: Luo, Xinyu
name: Lee, Seunghwan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Psyllidae
Cacopsylla
Cacopsylla sandolbaea

description: Cacopsylla saNdolbaea (Park & Lee)
(FIGS. 7−8, 51−56, 62, 63)
Psylla sandolbaea Park & Lee, 1982: 19.
Psylla obongsana Kwon, 1983: 71; synonymised by Park, 1996: 272. Cacopsylla sandolbaea; Park, 1996: 272.
Material examined. South Korea: 1 ♀, GANGWON-DO, YANGGU-GUN, BANGSAN-MYEON, CHEONMI-RI, SAN 1-1, 26.IV.2014, ON Prunus padus (S.H. Lee), (SNU, 95% ethanol); 22 ♂, 22 ♀, Gangwon-do, Inje-gun, Girin-myeon, JINDONG-RI, GOMbAERYEONG, 21.V.2015, Pyrus ussuriensis (J.B. SEUNG), (SNU, DRY AND SLIDE MOUNTED, 95% ETHANOL); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but (NHMB, dry mounted); 4 ♀, Gangwon-do, Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, GWANGWON-RI, 6.VI.2015, P. ussuriensis (G. Cho), (SNU, 95% ethanol); 2 ♂, 6 ♀, Gangwon-do, Hongcheon-gun, NAE-MYEON, MYEONGGAE-RI, 7.VI.2015, P. ussuriensis (G. CHO), (SNU, DRY MOUNTED, 95% ETHANOL); 17 ♂, 29 ♀, SAME DATA bUT, 17.V.2016, P. ussuriensis (G. CHO), (SNU, IN 95% ETHANOL); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, SAME DATA bUT 18.V.2016, P. ussuriensis (G. CHO), (SNU, IN 95% ETHANOL); 33 IMMATURES, GANGWON-DO, PYEONGCHANG-GUN, DAEGWANRYEONG- MYEON, HOENGGYE-RI, SAN 1-169, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HIGHLAND AGRICULTURE, 37°41'06.14"N 128°44'07.43"E, 850 M, 31.III.2016, P. ussuriensis (G. CHO), (SNU, IN 95% ETHANOL); 68 IMMATURES, GANGWON-DO, PYEONGCHANG-GUN, DAEGWANRYEONG-MYEON, HOENGGYE-RI, MT. JEWANG, 37°40'57.17"N 128°45'42.85"E, 850 M, 31.III.2016, P. ussuriensis (G. CHO), (SNU, IN 95% ETHANOL); 1 ♀, GANGWON-DO, HONGCHEON-GUN, NAE-MYEON, GWANGWON-RI, SAMbONG NATIONAL RECREATION FOREST, N37°51'25.14'' E128°27'48.33'', 800 M, 18.V.2016, P. ussuriensis (G. CHO), (SNU, IN 95% ETHANOL).
Diagnosis. BODY COLOUR (FIG. 7) INCLUDING THAT OF FOREWING DARK bROWN OR bLACK. GENAL PROCESSES (FIG. 51) THICKSET, CLOSE MEDIALLY, bLUNT APICALLY. FOREWING OVAL (FIG. 52); CELL M1 LARGE; SURFACE SPINULES VERY DENSE, COVERING ENTIRE WING MEMbRANE UP TO VEINS. PARAMERE (FIG. 55) bROADLY LAMELLAR, SUbACUTE. APICAL DILATATION OF DISTAL SEGMENT OF AEDEAGUS (FIG. 56) LENTICULAR, LACKING APICAL HOOK. FEMALE TERMINALIA (FIG. 54) RELATIVELY SHORT, CUNEATE. TIP OF PROCTIGER SUbACUTE. VENTRAL MARGIN OF SUbGENITAL PLATE STRONGLY CURVED.
Redescription. Adult. COLORATION (FIG. 7). GENERAL bODY COLOUR DARK bROWN TO bLACK (FIG. 7). COMPOUND EYES AND OCELLI CRIMSON RED. ANTENNA LIGHT bROWN; MALE ANTENNAL SEGMENT 6 DARK bROWN TO bLACK IN APICAL HALF; SEGMENT 7 dark brown to black in apical third or entirely black; segments 8−10 black; terminal setae off-white; female antennal segment 8 dark brown apically; segments 9−10 dark brown to black. Head and thorax dark brown to ALMOST bLACK DORSALLY, MESOSCUTELLUM REDDISH bROWN IN FEMALE. THORAX NEAR bASE OF FOREWING LIGHT bROWN OR OFF- WHITE LATERALLY. FOREWING WITH bLACK VEINS EXCEPT FOR bASE AND VEIN R+M+ CU LIGHT bROWN TO OFF-WHITE; MEMbRANE OPAQUE, DARK bROWN OR bLACK. HINDWING UNCOLOURED. LEGS DARK bROWN TO bLACK, LIGHT bROWN IN FEMALE; METATIbIA DARK bROWN TO bLACK. AbDOMEN DARK bROWN TO bLACK. TERMINALIA YELLOWISH bROWN OR OCHREOUS APICALLY. FEMALE AND YOUNGER INDIVIDUALS GENERALLY LIGHTER IN COLOUR.
STRUCTURE. HEAD (FIG. 51) AS bROAD AS THORAX; VERTEX WITH MICROSCOPIC SETAE AND INDISTINCT MICROSCULPTURE, IN DRY MOUNTED SPECIMENS SLIGHTLY SHINY; GENAL PROCESSES SHORTER THAN VERTEX ALONG MID-LINE, THICKSET, CLOSE MEDIALLY, bLUNT APICALLY. ANTENNA WITH SEGMENT 3 THE LONGEST; LONGER TERMINAL SETA SLIGHTLY SHORTER, SHORTER TERMINAL SETA AbOUT TWO THIRDS AS LONG AS SEGMENT 10. FOREWING (FIG. 52) OVAL, WEAKLY WIDENING TO APICAL FIFTH, bROADLY ROUNDED APICALLY; FORE MARGIN AND VEINS SPARSELY COVERED WITH SHORT SETAE; VEIN C+SC MODERATELY CURVED IN THE MIDDLE; CELL C+SC RELATIVELY LARGE, bROADEST NEAR THE MIDDLE; PTEROSTIGMA LONG, MORE OR LESS EVENLY NARROWING TO APEX, ENDING AT APICAL THIRD OF RS; VEIN RS HARDLY SINUOUS, APEX SLIGHTLY CURVED TOWARDS FORE MARGIN; VEIN M WEAKLY CURVED; VEINS M1+2 AND M3+4 ALMOST STRAIGHT, THE LATTER SHORTER THAN THE FORMER; VEIN CU1a EVENLY CURVED, VEIN CU1b SHORT, WEAKLY CURVED, CELL CU1 SMALL; SURFACE SPINULES SMALL, VERY DENSE PRESENT IN ALL CELLS, COVERING MEMbRANE UP TO VEINS. METACOXA WITH SPUR-SHAPED, CONICAL, SLIGHTLY CURVED MERACANTHUS; METATIbIA LONGER THAN METAFEMUR, WITH UNCIFORM GENUAL SPINE AND 1+3+1 APICAL SPURS; METATARSUS WITH APICAL SEGMENT LONGER THAN bASAL SEGMENT, METAbASITARSUS bEARING TWO SCLEROTISED SPURS LATERALLY. MALE TERMINALIA AS IN FIG. 53. PROCTIGER SLENDER, HAIRY, SLIGHTLY CURVED CAUDAD APICALLY. SUbGENITAL PLATE SUbGLObULAR, SPARSELY HAIRY. PARAMERE (FIG. 55) bROADLY LAMELLAR, SLIGHTLY CURVED IN bASAL QUARTER, SUbACUTE APICALLY, OUTER AND INNER SURFACE COVERED WITH LONG, SIMPLE SETAE. APICAL DILATATION OF DISTAL SEGMENT OF AEDEAGUS (FIG. 56) CURVED, IRREGULARLY ROUNDED APICALLY. FEMALE TERMINALIA (FIG. 54) RELATIVELY SHORT, HAIRY. PROCTIGER MODERATELY LONG, DORSAL OUTLINE WEAKLY SINUOUS; APEX SUbACUTE; LONG SETAE FORMING IRREGULAR TRANSVERSE ROW. CIRCUMANAL RING RELATIVELY SHORT. SUbGENITAL PLATE CUNEATE, ACUTE AT APEX, VENTRAL MARGIN STRONGLY CURVED IN APICAL HALF. LATERAL VALVULAE NARROWLY ROUNDED APICALLY; DORSAL VALVULAE CUNEATE, WEAKLY CURVED, VENTRAL VALVULAE WITH SUbAPICAL CARINA, POINTED APICALLY. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS SEE TAbLE 2.
Fifth instar immature (FIGS. 8, 62, 63). SCLERITES bROWN OR DARK bROWN, MEMbRANEOUS REGIONS YELLOW AND AT AbDOMINAL bASE ORANGE. ANTENNAL SEGMENTS 1, 2 AND 4‒6 OCHREOUS TO bROWN, SEGMENT 3 YELLOW, SEGMENT 7 DARK bROWN OR bLACK. CEPHALOTHORACIC SCLERITES AND LEGS LIGHT bROWN. WING PADS DORSALLY AND TARSI DARK bROWN. CAUDAL PLATE DORSALLY LIGHT bROWN WITH TWO DARK bROWN, SUbMEDIAN LONGITUDINAL bANDS. THORACIC SCLERITES SMALL. FOREWING PAD (FIG. 62) INDISTINCTLY ANGULAR IN bASAL THIRD OF OUTER LATERAL MARGIN, bROADLY ROUNDED APICALLY, WITH 4‒7 MEDIUM LONG CAPITATE MARGINAL SETAE, LACKING LONG DORSAL SETAE. HINDWING PAD WITH 2 LONG CAPITATE MARGINAL SETAE. CAUDAL PLATE NARROWLY ROUNDED POSTERIORLY, WITH 8‒12 MEDIUM LONG MARGINAL, INDISTINCTLY CAPITATE SETAE ON EITHER SIDE, LACKING SECTASETAE AND LONG DORSAL SETAE. AbDOMEN WITH TWO LARGE LATERAL AND TWO SUbMEDIAN FREE STERNITES ON EITHER SIDE OF MID-LINE. ANUS VENTRAL; OUTER CIRCUMANAL RING (FIG. 63) RELATIVELY SMALL, TRANSVERSELY OVAL, CONCAVE ANTERIORLY, WEAKLY CONVOLUTED LATERALLY, CONSISTING OF ONE ROW OF UNEVEN PORES; DISTANCE bETWEEN HIND MARGIN OF OUTER CIRCUMANAL RING AND CAUDAL PLATE MORE THAN HALF LENGTH OF OUTER CIRCUMANAL RING. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS SEE TAbLE 2.
Distribution. SOUTH KOREA: GANGWON-DO, GYEONGGI-DO (KWON 1983, AS Psylla (Hepatopsylla) obongsana); JEOLLAbUK-DO (PARK & LEE 1982, AS Psylla sandolbaea); WITHOUT DETAILS (PARK 1996, AS Cacopsylla sandolbaea; KWON et al. 2016, AS Cacopsylla obongsana AND Cacopsylla sandolbaea).
Host plant. Pyrus ussuriensis MAXIM. (ROSACEAE).
Remarks. BASED ON THE ORIGINAL DESCRIPTIONS THE SYNONYMY OF Cacopsylla sandolbaea AND P. obongsana KWON IS CONFIRMED. AMONG THE KOREAN PEAR PSYLLIDS C. sandolbaea IS EASILY DISTINGUISHED bY ITS bLACK bODY COLOUR. TWO OTHER PEAR PSYLLID SPECIES SHARE THE DARK bODY COLOUR, THE bROAD GENAL PROCESSES, THE FOREWING SHAPE AND THE MORPHOLOGY OF MALE AND FEMALE TERMINALIA: Cacopsylla nigella (KONOVALOVA, 1979), comb. nov. (FROM Psylla), FROM THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST AND C. liaoli (YANG & LI) FROM CHINA. THE LATTER SHARES WITH C. sandolbaea THE VERY DENSELY SPACED SURFACE SPINULES WHICH COVER THE ENTIRE WING MEMbRANE UP TO THE VEINS bUT WHICH ARE REDUCED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CELLS IN C. nigella. C. liaoli DIFFERS FROM C. sandolbaea IN THE LESS EXPANDED DARK COLORATION OF THE FOREWINGS. ON MORPHOLOGICAL GROUNDS LUO et al. (2012) SUGGESTED THAT THE THREE SPECIES MAY bE CLOSELY RELATED. THIS IS ALSO REFLECTED IN THE bIOLOGY OF C. liaoli AND C. sandolbaea WHICH OVERWINTER AS SECOND INSTAR IMMATURES ON THE HOST (PANG & PANG 1990).
description: Published as part of Cho, Geonho, Burckhardt, Daniel, Inoue, Hiromitsu, Luo, Xinyu & Lee, Seunghwan, 2017, Systematics of the east Palaearctic pear psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) with particular focus on the Japanese and Korean fauna, pp. 75-98 in Zootaxa 4362 (1) on pages 93-95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4362.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1076256