cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thin-Film Epitaxial Solar Cells on Low-Cost Si Substrates: Closing the Efficiency Gap With Bulk Si Cells Using Advanced Photonic Structures and Emitters
Creators: name: Van Hoeymissen, J.
name: Kuzma Filipek, I.
name: Van Nieuwenhuysen, K.
name: Duerinckx, F.
name: Beaucarne, G.
name: Poortmans, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Thin Films
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2037-2041
description: In this paper, we present progress in the development of thin-film epitaxial Si solar cells, which consist of a high quality Si layer deposited on top of a low-cost Si substrate. In order to approach efficiency values of standard multicrystalline Si solar cells, the solar cell structure has been improved. The multilayer porous Si reflector that we introduced in the past has been improved by chirping the structure, i.e. varying the periodicity in depth of the alternating porous silicon sublayers. This results in improved internal reflection and a widened reflectance band. In parallel, new emitters have been introduced that reduce useless absorption losses. Both shallow diffused emitters adapted to epitaxial cells, and epitaxial emitters have been investigated. By applying chirped porous silicon reflectors in epitaxial cells, we have reduced the efficiency gap between epitaxial cells and bulk cells almost to 1 %, reaching efficiency values of up to about 14 % on large-area screenprinted cells. With the combination of an optimized reflector and epitaxial (shallow) emitter, we expect that the efficiency gap can be reduced further to below 0.5 %.
Comparison between the I-V Measurement and the System Performance in Various Kinds of PV Technologies
Creators: name: Ueda, Y.
name: Tsuno, Y.
name: Kudou, M.
name: Konishi, H.
name: Kurokawa, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 3735-3739
description: The outdoor I-V curve measurements and the output monitoring of the real operating systems are
widely used in the research area. The outdoor I-V curve measurement of the single module is a useful technique
to characterize the PV modules. However, the I-V curve measurements are intermittent measurements so the
deployed conditions are not exactly the same as the real operating conditions. HOKUTO Mega-Solar Project has
been conducted in Hokuto city, Japan since 2006. One of the objectives is the evaluation of the advanced PV
technologies in the outdoor condition. Single crystalline silicon, multi crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon and
compound thin-film are compared in both I-V measurements and 10kW systems. Higher module temperature
than the real operating condition are observed in the I-V measurements because the modules are under the open
circuit condition between the I-V measurements. CIS module had performance drop in low irradiance level but
this is improved in the latest mass production. The a-Si and the a-Si/μc-Si modules showed better performance in
the I-V measurements but relatively poor performance in the 10kW systems.
Enhancement of the Network Hosting Capacity – Clearing Space for/with PV
Creators: name: Bletterie, B.
name: Gorsek, A.
name: Uljanic, B.
name: Blazic, B.
name: Woyte, A.
name: Vu Van, T.
name: Truyens, F.
name: Jahn, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and High Penetration of Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Integration

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4828-4834
description: Solar power appears to be one of the most promising resources to meet the medium and long term
renewable energy targets. The integration of very large amounts of photovoltaic (PV) generation into distribution
networks faces some limitations due to the network constraints. The PV community became well aware of these
limitations in the last years and showed some understanding for the concerns that distribution system operators
(DNO) have in planning and operating the distribution network. Solutions to this problem have been pointed out at
research level (smart grids solutions), they will be demonstrated into the first large-scale demonstration project
MetaPV. This paper introduces and discusses the concept of hosting capacity on the basis of a real example and
shows the path to smart grids solutions with PV inverters.
Deep Learning of Part-based Representation of Data Using Sparse Autoencoders with Nonnegativity Constraints
Creators: name: Hosseini-Asl, Ehsan
name: Zurada, Jacek M.
name: Nasraoui, Olfa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We demonstrate a new deep learning autoencoder network, trained by a nonnegativity constraint algorithm (NCAE), that learns features which show part-based representation of data. The learning algorithm is based on constraining negative weights. The performance of the algorithm is assessed based on decomposing data into parts and its prediction performance is tested on three standard image data sets and one text dataset. The results indicate that the nonnegativity constraint forces the autoencoder to learn features that amount to a part-based representation of data, while improving sparsity and reconstruction quality in comparison with the traditional sparse autoencoder and Nonnegative Matrix Factorization. It is also shown that this newly acquired representation improves the prediction performance of a deep neural network.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions of Neural Networks and Learning Systems
CHIANTI Technical Report No. 16: CHIANTI lookup tables for fast calculations
Creators: name: Young, Peter R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Atomic data
Software
Database

description: This Technical Report describes how population lookup tables can be used to speed up calculations within the CHIANTI IDL software. CHIANTI consists of a critically evaluated set of up-to-date atomic data, together with user-friendly programs written in Interactive Data Language (IDL) and Python to calculate the spectra from astrophysical plasmas.
ENDURCRETE_D7.1_Sustainability Life Cycle Assessment of the New Product Types_GEO
Creators: name: Geonardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: endurcrete
concrete
cement
h2020
project
LCA
sustainability

description: The Public deliverable "D7.1 Sustainability Life Cycle Assessment of the New Product Types" of the H2020 EnDurCrete project.
A CPV System Based on a Spectral Selective Linear Fresnel Reflector
Creators: name: Sonneveld, P.J.
name: Swinkels, G.L.A.M.
name: Van Tuijl, B.A.J.
name: Pekkeriet, E.
name: Janssen, H.J.J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1043-1046
description: In this study further optimalisations of a CPV system based on spectral selective linear Fresnel
reflectors are performed. The main topics are avoiding the large construction elements for solar tracing and the high
investments. Hereto all parts of the solar concentrating system will be integrated into the greenhouse. The NIRreflector
consists of NIR-reflective lamellae and the CPV–module is mounted into the ridge. In this paper the results
of the optimization process of the system is presented. The optimization process is based on a maximal total annual
electricity production and is performed with a ray tracing model and actual radiation data. Results show that the
optimization of the system can be seen from a theoretical and a practical point of view. Theoretically, the number of
lamellae for the investigated concept must be high (>100), in case of focussing lamellae the generic focal length must
be 3.5 m and glazing bars must be avoided. Then the maximal annual electricity output can be over 26 kWh/m². In
practice, mechanical restrictions, plant conditions and costs will determine the implementation. The proposed CPVsystem
has positive side-effects like reducing the heat load (and need for cooling) during summer and blocking of the
direct radiation which can be harmful for some crops. With this, the feasibility of the system depends greatly on local
conditions which require a tailor-made economical analysis..
Feast, Food and Fodder in Neolithic-Bronze Age Greece: Commensality and the Construction of Value
Creators: name: Halstead, Paul
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Prehistoric Archaeology
subject: Bronze Age Archaeology
subject: Greece
subject: Feast
subject: Food
subject: Fodder
subject: Neolithic
subject: Bronze Age
subject: Value
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: This paper explores the relationship between mundane domestic and more formal meals in recent rural Greece, as a prelude to a diachronic examination of the range of commensal behavior through the Neolithic and Bronze Age of the same region. Analysis of recent practices highlights the role of a hierarchy of low- to high-value foods. While Neolithic commensality beyond the household emphasizes equality and collective cohesion, formal commensality takes a strikingly and increasingly diacritical form through the Bronze Age. It is argued that Bronze Age diacritical commensality was part of a broader strategy of elite ‘choreography’ of social life. A hierarchy of foods, which linked diacritical behavior, labor mobilization and risk buffering, may have played a critical role in driving this trajectory of change.
Comparative Analysis Between Parallel and Serial Structure Concentrators for High Precision Sun Tracking
Creators: name: Mauro, S.
name: Scarzella, C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1056-1059
description: A basilar condition to reach high concentration ratio and higher efficiency in photovoltaic
concentration systems is to dispose of precise and reliable devices to align the concentrators with the sun.
A number of architectures were proposed in the last years to develop suitable sun trackers, and important results were
obtained by increasing the performance of the control algorithms.
A main question about which can be the best layout for a tracker intended for concentration is whether a parallel
kinematic structure could provide better precision in alignment. Qualitative considerations derived from robotics can
suggest this thought, as parallel robots are appreciated for their precision, stiffness and velocity, very important
properties for solar concentration systems.
The paper compares a parallel configurations developed by the authors with a serial one and computes the effects of
errors in the actuators position, due to position error or to clearance. Results from parallel and serial structure are
compared in order to provide data for an optimal choice between the solutions.
Are there reliable methods to estimate the nuclear orientation of Seyfert galaxies?
Creators: name: Marin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2.3; J.2.9
subject: 85-06

description: Orientation, together with accretion and evolution, is one of the three main drivers in the Grand Unification of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Being unresolved, determining the true inclination of those powerful sources is always difficult and indirect, yet it remains a vital clue to apprehend the numerous, panchromatic and complex spectroscopic features we detect. There are only a hundred inclinations derived so far; in this context, can we be sure that we measure the true orientation of AGN? To answer this question, four methods to estimate the nuclear inclination of AGN are investigated and compared to inclination-dependent observables (hydrogen column density, Balmer linewidth, optical polarization, and flux ratios within the IR and relative to X-rays). Among these orientation indicators, the method developed by Fisher, Crenshaw, Kraemer et al., mapping and modeling the radial velocities of the [O iii] emission region in AGN, is the most successful. The [O iii]-mapping technique shows highly statistically significant correlations at >95% confidence level for rejecting null hypothesis for all the test cases. Such results confirm that the Unified Model is correct at a scale ranging from kiloparsec to a fraction of a parsec. However, at a radial distance less than 0.01 pc from the central black hole, warps and misalignments may change this picture.
description: 33 pages, 11 figures, 11 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Aerosol-jet printing of interconnect and chip-level stiffness gradients for stretchable electronics
Creators: name: Tansel, Derya
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
Mechanical Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: The need for stretchable electronics arises from the demand for flexible and deformable electronic devices that can conform to curved surfaces, withstand mechanical strain, and enable new applications in areas such as wearable technology, healthcare modeling, robotics, and electronic skins. Stretchable electronics offer the potential to enhance comfort, enable seamless integration with the human body, and open new avenues for innovation in electronic systems. Aerosol jet printing (AJP) offers advantages for the fabrication of stretchable electronics including conformal deposition, high resolution, design flexibility, and integration capabilities. This thesis work builds on ongoing efforts to make reliable additively manufactured stretchable devices. AJP is used to study two significant areas in the development of stretchable devices: (1) fabricating stretchable substrates with reliable circuitry and (2) creating stiffness gradients in the stretchable substrate (e.g. polydimethyldisiloxane (PDMS)) toward reliable mechanical connection of chips to the substrate. With the high resolution capabilities of AJP, one- and two-layer stretchable devices with embedded circuitry are achieved. These stretchable devices are thin (< 100 µm), biocompatible, and capable of surviving high strain. Additionally, multi-layered electrocardiogram (ECG) patches are successfully fabricated and demonstrated. Stiffness gradients are needed in the PDMS to prevent premature failure at the chip-PDMS interface to survive high strains needed in biomedical and robotics applications. Producing these stiffness gradients are explored by testing AJP to print PDMS curing agent and, alternatively, to print polyimide directly onto PDMS, with the latter technique showing promise. The utilization of the AJP to fabricate direct-customized multi-layered stretchable devices with embedded stiffness gradients surrounding rigid components will significantly enhance accessibility, enabling quick prototyping in diverse applications, especially in the biomedical field.
Steamed or Boiled: Identity and Value in Food Preparation
Creators: name: Hastorf, Christine
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Andean Archaeology
subject: Cooking
subject: Meals
subject: Andes
subject: Rituals
subject: Performance
subject: Discursive Practice
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: How do daily meals resemble larger feast gatherings? In many cultures every act associated with food is filled with meaning and sanctity. Feasts usually feed more people than daily household meals, and by their scale, gain centrifugal meanings. These ritual foods for the deities, ancestors and large groups do not often look like daily meals in the Andean region. One of the goals of the Taraco Archaeological Project (TAP) is to study the past foodways in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia. Evidence of unusual ingredients suggests that experimentation with exotic foods occurred in ritual settings on a community level, reflecting centripetal constructions in these larger meals.
Vortex rings and vortex ring solitons in shaken Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Novikov, A. N.
name: Yukalova, E. P.
name: Bagnato, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a shaken Bose-Einstein condensate, confined in a vibrating trap, there can appear different nonlinear coherent modes. Here we concentrate on two types of such coherent modes, vortex ring solitons and vortex rings. In a cylindrical trap, vortex ring solitons can be characterized as nonlinear Hermite-Laguerre modes, whose description can be done by means of optimized perturbation theory. The energy, required for creating vortex ring solitons, is larger than that needed for forming vortex rings. This is why, at a moderate excitation energy, vortex rings appear before vortex ring solitons. The generation of vortex rings is illustrated by numerical simulations for trapped $^{87}$Rb atoms.
description: latex file, 10 pages, 4 figures
Challenges in Performance Testing and Energy Rating of 1-Axis Concentrator PV System
Creators: name: Finot, M.
name: Leonard, L.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1051-1055
description: Introducing a new solar PV architecture requires an accepted method of performance testing yielding
objective results that may be compared with other system architectures. Testing methods are well defined and
accepted for mature technologies and are detailed in industry standards for photovoltaic modules and for 2-axis
Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) systems. However, their use is ambiguous and potentially misleading when applied
to the performance testing of 1-axis CPV systems due to their non-zero angle of incidence under normal operation.
We present a methodology to fully capture the performance of a 1-axis tracked system in order to develop an energy
rating directly comparable between all technologies. The critical parameter to be added for this evaluation is the
angle of incidence of the direct irradiance on the system along its axis. An energy harvesting model is presented to
evaluate the yearly output depending on the method of tracking (1-axis north-south, vertical axis tracking, polar
tracking, 2-axis tracking.) In addition, we present a simple device to directly measure the effective irradiance on the
system, and can be used to easily evaluate expected power production and thus identify any potential malfunction of
the tracking system. This device is a simplified shadow band detector.
Between Inclusion and Exclusion: Feasting and Redistribution of Meals at Late Chalcolithic Arslantepe (Malatya, Turkey)
Creators: name: D'Anna, Maria Bianca
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Near Eastern Archaeology
subject: Late Chalcolithic
subject: Arslantepe
subject: State Formation
subject: Commensal Politics
subject: Redistribution of Meals
subject: Feasting
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: The redistribution of meals and feasting practices in the early centralized society of Arslantepe VI A in south-eastern Anatolia (Late Chalcolithic 5 – 3300/3000 cal. BCE) are presented in this paper as examples of commensal politics. Within the framework of Mesopotamian early state formation, this period represents a stimulating case because of the evidence of economic centralization, the significant amount of materials found in in situ contexts, and the presence of functionally distinct architecture. Food and beverages were the economic base of the power of elites; yet it is not only through feasting activities that food enters Late Chalcolithic gastro-politics, but also through the meals disbursed in exchange for labor.
Development of Large-Scale Power Conditioner in Hokuto Mega-Solar System
Creators: name: Konishi, H.
name: Iwato, T.
name: Kudou, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and High Penetration of Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Integration

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4823-4827
description: About 2MW PV system has been constructed in Hokuto to verify grid stabilization with a large-scale
PV system. A large-scale power conditioner (LS-PCS) of 400kW has been developed to connect it to an existing
extra-high voltage AC grid effectively. We completed to construct the system and start measuring and evaluating thir
data. In this paper, the outline and the development target of the Hokuto Mega-solar system are introduced, especially
focusing the development of LS-PCS. And some results provided so far are discussed.
Direct Inkjet Printing of SiO2 Diffusion Barrier for the Formation of Local Boron Back Surface Fields
Creators: name: Stockum, W.
name: Köhler, I.
name: Doll, O.
name: James, M.
name: Plummer, E.
name: Nanson, L.
name: Prütz, M.
name: Wyczanowski, S.
name: Jahn, M.
name: Mertens, V.
name: Harder, N.-P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1723-1726
description: Processing of advanced solar cell designs like PERL or back junction solar cells can only be realized by applying
local diffusion designs. The inkjet-printable diffusion barrier solution isishape SolarResist™ is a straight forward
alternative to full area dielectric layers in combination with structuring techniques as an indirect method to form local
diffusion barriers. Barrier function against both boron and phosphorus diffusion is shown even for low resistivity
diffusion profiles. No degradation in carrier lifetime after annealing of the inkjet-printable diffusion barrier solution
can be determined. A diffusion barrier line width and gap minimum of approximately 50μm can be achieved by inkjet
printing.
Modern Restaurants and Ancient Commensality
Creators: name: Shore, Elliot
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Modern History
subject: Restaurants
subject: Commensality
subject: Dining out
subject: Spectacle
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: Commensality in terms of archaeological investigations seems to revolve around questions of feasting and everyday eating patterns. The nature of the available evidence moves archaeologists and ancient historians to conjecture about these questions in innovative and thoughtful ways. How can a modern historian of food enter into this conversation? The history of restaurants in the West seems to provide one way into this debate and poses the question of what evidence we actually have for what commensality might be.
Etch Back Phenomenon Study for Nitric Acid Clean Prior Silicon Nitride Antireflection Coating in the p-Type c-Si Solar Cell Manufacturing
Creators: name: Lung, C.H.
name: Du, C.H.
name: Sun, W.C.
name: Lin, C.H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1872-1874
description: The aim of this work was to clarify the effect of the nitric acid clean prior SiNx AR coating in the manufacture
p-type c-Si solar cells. By using nitric acid clean, the efficiency of solar cells can be improved about absolute 0.6% gain. The
sheet resistance of n-layer emitter will be examined after per nitric acid clean process. The etch-back effect causes the
removal of surface P-doped emitter layer that will reflect to Jsc and Voc gain, but FF degrades. Spectral response revealed
photocurrent quantum efficiency. Correscan could characterize the contact/shunt resistance after the nitric acid clean. The
SIMS profile after etch back demonstrates the near surface P-doping control.
Fabrication of a-Si Solar Cells With RF- and MW-PECVD
Creators: name: Van Aken, B.B.
name: Dörenkämper, M.
name: Devilee, C.
name: Heijna, M.
name: Löffler, J.
name: Soppe, W.J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Thin Films
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2117-2120
description: Roll-to-roll production technology specifically designed to produce thin film Si solar cells should lead to a significant
reduction of the module production costs. At ECN we developed a roll-to-roll Si coating system which contains
novel, linear RF sources for the deposition of n- and p-type silicon layers and linear MW sources for the deposition of
intrinsic silicon layers. The quality and uniformity of doped and intrinsic silicon layers that are grown by these linear
plasma sources are discussed. The layer quality confirms that the RF and MW sources in the roll-to-roll coater are
suitable for the growth of micromorph Si solar cells. Preliminary results on amorphous silicon solar cells are
presented with an initial efficiency of 4.4%.
Domain configurations in Co/Pd and L10-FePt nanowire arrays with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Creators: name: Ho, Pin
name: Tu, Kun-Hua
name: Zhang, Jinshuo
name: Sun, Congli
name: Chen, Jingsheng
name: Liontos, George
name: Ntetsikas, Konstantinos
name: Avgeropoulos, A.
name: Voyles, Paul M.
name: Ross, Caroline A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy [Co/Pd]15 and L10-FePt nanowire arrays of period 63 nm with linewidths 38 nm and 27 nm and film thickness 27 nm and 20 nm respectively were fabricated using a self-assembled PS-b-PDMS diblock copolymer film as a lithographic mask. The wires are predicted to support Neel walls in the Co/Pd and Bloch walls in the FePt. Magnetostatic interactions from nearest neighbor nanowires promote a ground state configuration consisting of alternating up and down magnetization in adjacent wires. This was observed over ~75% of the Co/Pd wires after ac-demagnetization but was less prevalent in the FePt because the ratio of interaction field to switching field was much smaller. Interactions also led to correlations in the domain wall positions in adjacent Co/Pd nanowires. The reversal process was characterized by nucleation of reverse domains, followed at higher fields by propagation of the domains along the nanowires. These narrow wires provide model system for exploring domain wall structure and dynamics in perpendicular anisotropy systems.
Report on the Third Workshop on Sustainable Software for Science: Practice and Experiences (WSSSPE3)
Creators: name: Katz, Daniel S.
name: Choi, Sou-Cheng T.
name: Niemeyer, Kyle E.
name: Hetherington, James
name: Löffler, Frank
name: Gunter, Dan
name: Idaszak, Ray
name: Brandt, Steven R.
name: Miller, Mark A.
name: Gesing, Sandra
name: Jones, Nick D.
name: Weber, Nic
name: Marru, Suresh
name: Allen, Gabrielle
name: Penzenstadler, Birgit
name: Venters, Colin C.
name: Davis, Ethan
name: Hwang, Lorraine
name: Todorov, Ilian
name: Patra, Abani
name: de Val-Borro, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This report records and discusses the Third Workshop on Sustainable Software for Science: Practice and Experiences (WSSSPE3). The report includes a description of the keynote presentation of the workshop, which served as an overview of sustainable scientific software. It also summarizes a set of lightning talks in which speakers highlighted to-the-point lessons and challenges pertaining to sustaining scientific software. The final and main contribution of the report is a summary of the discussions, future steps, and future organization for a set of self-organized working groups on topics including developing pathways to funding scientific software; constructing useful common metrics for crediting software stakeholders; identifying principles for sustainable software engineering design; reaching out to research software organizations around the world; and building communities for software sustainability. For each group, we include a point of contact and a landing page that can be used by those who want to join that group's future activities. The main challenge left by the workshop is to see if the groups will execute these activities that they have scheduled, and how the WSSSPE community can encourage this to happen.
Microcrystalline Silicon Deposition by Array Antenna VHF-PECVD
Creators: name: Takagi, T.
name: Yamamoto, N.
name: Murayama, A.
name: Miyata, N.
name: Kawasaki, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Thin Films
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2125-2128
description: An array-antenna-type Very High Frequency Plasma-enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (VHFPECVD)
system consisted of three discharge regions for simultaneous deposition on six large substrates (>1m2) has
been developed for high-throughput and low-cost production of thin-film silicon solar cells. While high pressure and
high hydrogen to silane flow rate ratio (H2/SiH4) condition is generally applied to fabricate high quality μc-Si:H
films by conventional PECVD equipment with capacitive-coupled electrodes, low pressure and low (H2/SiH4) are
used for array antenna system for both amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H). There are
many reports indicating that high quality μc-Si:H films with high solar cell performance show (220) preferential
orientation with low oxygen concentration. In this work, μc-Si:H layers fabricated in low pressure and low
(H2/SiH4) conditions in array antenna system were investigated by characterizing the solar cell performance, oxygen
concentration and crystalline orientation of the films. Microcrystalline silicon i-layer was deposited under one or
three discharge region condition at H2/SiH4 below 20, pressure between 7 and 20Pa with power density less than
60mW/cm2. Low oxygen concentration was observed for films with high solar cell performance. By slightly
increasing both pressure and power density, (220) height improved. Films deposited on flat substrate showed (220)
preferential orientation, and silane utilization effincy was over 35%. These results indicate that μc-Si:H layers
deposited under low pressure, low hydrogen to silane flow rate ratio condition by array-antenna-type VHF-PCVD
system is applicable to thin-film silicon solar cells production.
Data from: Quantifying the gastral mass in Early Cretaceous ornithuromorphs (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Jehol avifauna
Creators: name: Liu, Shumin
name: Li, Zhiheng
name: Liu, Di
name: O'Connor, Jingmai
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ornithuromorpha
Gastroliths
CT reconstruction
Diet
Digestive system
Aves

description: Some birds intentionally ingest stones to facilitate digestion of hard foodstuffs, a behavior inherited from non-avian dinosaurs and present in some of the earliest birds, as evidenced from clusters of gastroliths preserved within the abdominal cavity of a wide range of dinosaurs and Cretaceous birds. For the first time, high-resolution computed laminographic and computed tomographic scans were used to reconstruct the gastral mass in two species of non-neornithine ornithuromorph birds from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group. Four specimens of each taxon were analyzed. Preservation of the gastral mass in most of these specimens is in situ and regarded as complete or nearly so. The number of gastroliths, their total volume, and their total mass relative to the estimated body mass were calculated for each specimen. The resultant gastral mass-to-body mass ratios fall within the range observed in extant birds, supporting previous inferences that the digestive system in non-neornithine ornithuromorphs was comparable to that in extant taxa. Compared to available data for non-volant non-avian theropods, the gastral mass is proportionately smaller in birds suggesting that the evolution of flight constrained gastral mass size in the theropod lineage. Currently, available data on gastral mass characteristics suggests that Iteravis ate larger food particles compared to Archaeorhynchus but cannot be utilized to determine diet more precisely. Better understanding of the relationship between gastral mass characteristics and food items across a broader range of extant taxa may provide an indirect but important method through which to infer diet and digestive function in archosaurs.
description: Eight ornithuromorph individuals were scanned by computed tomographic (CT) or computed laminographic (CL). After scanning, all data were processed and rendered using the software VG Studio 3.4. Lastly, all related parameters were extracted in VG Studio 3.4 and processed in Microsoft Excel. R was used to demonstrate that all data fell within the confidence interval.
Non radial type II blow up for the energy supercritical semilinear heat equation
Creators: name: Collot, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B44 (Primary) 35K58 35B20 (Secondary)

description: We consider the semilinear heat equation in large dimension $d\geq 11$ $$ \partial_t u =Δu+|u| ^{p-1}u, \ \ p=2q+1, \ \ q\in \mathbb N $$ on a smooth bounded domain $Ω\subset \mathbb R^d$ with Dirichlet boundary condition. In the supercritical range $p\geq p(d)>1+\frac{4}{d-2}$ we prove the existence of a countable family $(u_\ell)_{\ell \in \mathbb N}$ of solutions blowing-up at time $T>0$ with type II blow up: $$ \parallel u_{\ell}(t) \parallel_{L^{\infty}} \sim C (T-t)^{-c_\ell} $$ with blow-up speed $c_\ell>\frac{1}{p-1}$. They concentrate the ground state $Q$ being the only radially and decaying solution of $ΔQ+Q^p=0$: $$ u(x,t)\sim \frac{1}{λ(t)^{\frac{2}{p-1}}}Q\left(\frac{x-x_0}{λ(t)} \right), \ λ\sim C(u_n)(T-t)^{\frac{c_\ell(p-1)}{2}} $$ at some point $x_0\in Ω$. The result generalizes previous works on the existence of type II blow-up solutions, which only existed in the radial setting. The present proof uses robust nonlinear analysis tools instead, based on energy methods and modulation techniques. This is the first non-radial construction of a solution blowing up by concentration of a stationary state in the supercritical regime, and provides a general strategy to prove similar results for dispersive equations or parabolic systems and to extend it to multiple blow ups.
description: 105 pages
Spectrum of a family of spin-orbit coupled Hamiltonians with singular perturbation
Creators: name: Jursenas, Rytis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47A55, 81Q10, 81Q15

description: The present study is the first such attempt to examine rigorously and comprehensively the spectral properties of a three-dimensional ultracold atom when both the spin-orbit interaction and the Zeeman field are taken into account. The model operator is the Rashba spin-orbit coupled operator in dimension three. The self-adjoint extensions are constructed using the theory of singular perturbations, where regularized rank two perturbations describe spin-dependent contact interactions. The spectrum of self-adjoint extensions is investigated in detail laying emphasis on the effects due to spin-orbit coupling. When the spin-orbit-coupling strength is small enough, the asymptotics of eigenvalues is obtained. The conditions for the existence of eigenvalues above the threshold are discussed in particular.
description: To appear in J Phys A: Math Theor
Implementations for Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution
Creators: name: Máttar, Alejandro
name: Acín, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) generates a secret key among two parties in a provably secure way without making assumptions about the internal working of the devices used in the protocol. The main challenge for a DIQKD physical implementation is that the data observed among the two parties must violate a Bell inequality without fair-sampling, since otherwise the observed correlations can be faked with classical resources and security can no longer be guaranteed. In spite of the advances recently made to achieve higher detection efficiencies in Bell experiments, DIQKD remains experimentally difficult at long distances due to the exponential increase of loss in the channel separating the two parties. Here we describe and analyze plausible solutions to overcome the crucial problem of channel loss in the frame of DIQKD physical implementations.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. Invited contribution to the Focus Issue on "Quantum Optics in the International Year of Light"
Measurements of a Lateral Spectrum Splitting Concentrator Photovoltaic Architecture and the Pathways to Submodule Efficiency over 40%
Creators: name: Wang, X.
name: Barnett, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1033-1038
description: To achieve high energy conversion efficiency, a Lateral Spectrum Splitting Concentrator Photovoltaic
(LSSCPV) architecture has been proposed. This LSSCPV architecture concentrates available sunlight and then
laterally splits a single beam into two bands with different spectra for absorption by two tandem solar cells with band
gaps matched to the split spectra. To prove the feasibility of the concept, assemblies of this LSSCPV architecture
were constructed and measured independently at the University of Delaware (UD) and the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory (NREL). Outdoor measurements at UD showed site-specific efficiency of the optical components
at 89.1%. One assembly measured at NREL demonstrated 36.7% submodule efficiency after spectral calibration,
which compares favorably to the 32.6% previously reported submodule efficiency. Based on the analysis of the
measurement results, including the component efficiency and the submodule efficiency, the pathways to module
efficiency over 40% are identified.
Guiding, bending, and splitting of coupled defect surface modes in a surface-wave photonic crystal
Creators: name: Gao, Zhen
name: Gao, Fei
name: Zhang, Baile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate a type of waveguiding mechanism for coupled surface-wave defect modes in a surface-wave photonic crystal. Unlike conventional spoof surface plasmon waveguides, waveguiding of coupled surface-wave defect modes is achieved through weak coupling between tightly localized defect cavities in an otherwise gapped surface-wave photonic crystal, as a classical wave analogue of tight-binding electronic wavefunctions in solid state lattices.
Enhanced Longitudinal and Lateral Flux Uniformity for Linear Fresnel Reflectors in Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems
Creators: name: Everett, V.
name: Walter, D.
name: Harvey, J.
name: Vivar, M.
name: Surve, S.
name: Blakers, A.
name: Le Lievre, P.
name: Greaves, M.
name: Tanner, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1060-1062
description: This paper presents an overview of the particular optical features of a novel linear Fresnel
concentration system that are designed to maximise the uniformity of the longitudinal and lateral flux distribution
in the ANU-Chromasun hybrid CPV-Thermal Micro-concentrator (MCT) system. The MCT’s unique enclosure
has freed the optic and tracking systems from the complexities of dealing with wind loading and the thermal
expansion mismatch of composite mirror structures. The ultra light-weight reflectors are free to deal with optical
considerations alone, and are mounted with independent closed loop tracking systems at each end. This has
reduced system cost, improved longitudinal flux uniformity and increased the expected lifetime system yield.
Microstructural topology effects on the onset of ductile failure in multi-phase materials - a systematic computational approach
Creators: name: de Geus, T. W. J.
name: Peerlings, R. H. J.
name: Geers, M. G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-phase materials are key for modern engineering applications. They are generally characterized by a high strength and ductility. Many of these materials fail by ductile fracture of the, generally softer, matrix phase. In this work we systematically study the influence of the arrangement of the phases by correlating the microstructure of a two-phase material to the onset of ductile failure. A single topological feature is identified in which critical levels of damage are consistently indicated. It consists of a small region of the matrix phase with particles of the hard phase on both sides in a direction that depends on the applied deformation. Due to this configuration, a large tensile hydrostatic stress and plastic strain is observed inside the matrix, indicating high damage. This topological feature has, to some extent, been recognized before for certain multi-phase materials. This study however provides insight in the mechanics involved, including the influence of the loading conditions and the arrangement of the phases in the material surrounding the feature. Furthermore, a parameter study is performed to explore the influence of volume fraction and hardness of the inclusion phase. For the same macroscopic hardening response, the ductility is predicted to increase if the volume fraction of the hard phase increases while at the same time its hardness decreases.
title: Applied Historical Geography
title: Plenartagungsbericht der Forschergruppe B-IV
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Geus, Klaus
name: Cancik-Kirschbaum, Eva
name: Klinger, Jörg
name: Polla, Silvia
name: Lamante, Simona
name: Stenger, Jan
name: Helmrath, Johannes
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::910 Geografie, Reisen::910 Geografie, Reisen
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: Die spezifische Zusammensetzung der Forschergruppe B-IV bedingt eine Pluralität an Gegenständen, Methoden und Zielen. Nach aktuellem Diskussionstand wollen die Mitglieder: (1) zu einer Theorie des Raumes gelangen, die insbesondere das Rahmenthema der Area B (»Mechanism of Control and Social Spaces«) repräsentiert; (2) eine Arbeitsdefinition bzw. Arbeitsdefinitionen (mit Einschluss des »Wissen«-Aspekts) auf der Basis unserer eigenen, bisher geleisteten Forschungen erstellen, die für die Fragestellungen und Zielvorstellungen der Gruppe B-IV besonders geeignet und zutreffend ist; (3) die in den Teilgruppen erzielten Einzelergebnisse weniger auf eine abstrakte Metaebene heben als vielmehr ›modular‹ verschränken und die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede herausarbeiten. Für den »Raum« hat die Gruppe folgende Definition erarbeitet: Als Raum im historischen Sinne versteht B-IV jenen von Individuen, Kollektiven und Staaten konstruierten (bzw. von Forschern dekonstruierten) Bezugsrahmen, der durch Funktionsstandorte markiert wird, medial beschrieben ist, durch Distanzangaben in seiner Spatialität quantifizierbar ist und durch unterschiedliche Formen der Strukturierung näher qualifiziert werden kann. Der vermessene und deskribierte Raum generiert seinerseits wiederum neue Repräsentationen (›Weltbilder‹), die ihrerseits wieder ›Wirklichkeiten‹ bestimmen bzw. operationalisiert werden (›Entdeckungen‹). »Raum« ist somit keine absolute Größe, sondern eine Menge relationaler Phänomene.
Images
Creators: name: Bonatz, Dominik
name: Fabricius, Johanna
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Visual studies
subject: Representation
subject: Spatial concepts
subject: Perspective
subject: Ritual
subject: Egypt
subject: Near East
subject: Greece
subject: Roman Empire
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::110 Metaphysik::114 Raum
subject: 700 Künste und Unterhaltung::710 Landschaftsgestaltung, Raumplanung::710 Städtebau, Raumplanung, Landschaftsgestaltung

description: Die Forschergruppe untersucht auf zwei miteinander verknüpften Ebenen erstens Abbildungskonventionen und kognitive Prozesse bei der Visualisierung räumlicher Konstellationen in den Bildern der Antike und zweitens die durch Bilder bezeugte Markierung und Strukturierung von Landschaftsräumen und sozialen Handlungsräumen. Der Transfer zwischen einem habituell implizit vermittelten und durch Expertenwissen geschulten Raumwissen in die konstruierte Wirklichkeit der Bilder wird in zehn Einzelstudien aus den Bereichen der Ägyptologie, Klassischen Archäologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie unter Heranziehung archäologisch-schriftlicher Quellen und heuristischer Konzepte verfolgt. Dabei rücken bewusst unterschiedliche Bildgattungen und Bildformate – ägyptische Wandtableaus und Felsbilder, griechische Tafel- und Vasenmalerei, Münzen, römische Wandmalerei, altvorderasiatische Rollsiegel und Figurinen, monumentale Bildfriese aus dem altvorderasiatischen und griechischen Bereich – ins Zentrum der Betrachtung. Durch Vergleich und Kontrastierung dieser Einzelstudien soll der Blick für das Allgemeine und das Besondere in der kulturspezifischen Praxis der Bilder geschärft werden. In regelmäßigen Forschergruppentreffen und gemeinsamen Tagungen wurden die Fragestellungen diskutiert und präzisiert. Zusätzlich geplante Tagungen und der Austausch mit an ähnlichen Fragen interessierten Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen erweitern das Spektrum der kulturübergreifenden Vergleichsmöglichkeiten. Im Ergebnis lassen sich sowohl gemeinsame als auch abweichende Kategorien bei der visuellen Repräsentation von Raum und raumordnendem Wissen erkennen. Dadurch eröffnen sich auch neue übergreifende Perspektiven auf das methodisch und inhaltlich auszubauende Spektrum der Forschergruppe.