cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neutrino Propagation in Matter
Creators: name: Blennow, Mattias
name: Smirnov, Alexei Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the effects of neutrino propagation in the matter of the Earth relevant for experiments with atmospheric and accelerator neutrinos and aimed at the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy and CP-violation. These include (i) the resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter with constant or nearly constant density, (ii) adiabatic conversion in matter with slowly changing density, (iii) parametric enhancement of oscillations in a multi-layer medium, (iv) oscillations in thin layers of matter. We present the results of semi-analytic descriptions of flavor transitions for the cases of small density perturbations, in the limit of large densities and for small density widths. Neutrino oscillograms of the Earth and their structure after determination of the 1-3 mixing are described. A possibility to identify the neutrino mass hierarchy with the atmospheric neutrinos and multi-megaton scale detectors having low energy thresholds is explored. The potential of future accelerator experiments to establish the hierarchy is outlined.
description: 40 pages, 14 figures, REVTeX4, Review article published in Advances in High Energy Physics (see journal reference)
Interkulturelle Kompetenz als Beitrag für die professionelle pflegepädagogische Kompetenz : eine empirische Analyse zur pflegepädagogischen Kompetenzforschung.
Creators: name: Mittenzwei, Marcus
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pflegepädagogik
subject: Interkulturelle Kompetenz
subject: Professionalisierung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::370 | Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Eine andere Kultur zu besitzen stellt einen Benachteiligungsfaktor auch für das berufliche Bildungssystem dar. Unter dem Bestreben der Chancengleichheit stellt somit interkulturelle Kompetenz von Lehrenden eine Schlüsselthematik der Lehrendenbildung dar. In einer qualitativen Analyse werden hierfür, unter dem Fokus der professionellen Handlungsstrategien im Umgang mit kulturell heterogenen Lernenden, induktiv diverse Elemente einer interkulturellen Kompetenz für den Bereich der Pflegepädagogik generiert. Durch leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Pflegepädagog*innen werden verschiedene Kompetenzelemente und Handlungsstrategien abgebildet, welche neben expliziten Elementen einer interkulturellen pflegepädagogischen Kompetenz auch Rückschlüsse in den Bereich der Lehrendenbildung sowie Anforderungen für den Bereich der Weiterbildung ermöglichen. Die Analyseergebnisse ermöglichen darüber hinaus Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der Relevanz eines flexiblen Kulturbegriffs, der Generierung von Heterogenität durch Lehrende aber auch der großen Bedeutung von Diversity Education für die pflegepädagogische Profession. Interkulturelle Kommunikationskompetenz und Reflexionskompetenz stellen im Umgang mit kulturell heterogenen Lernenden zwei wesentliche Querschnittskompetenzen dar, welche die Ermöglichung von Chancengleichheit fundieren können. Die Arbeit schließt mit der Betrachtung von unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkten wie der Schulentwicklung oder der Bedeutung einer professionellen Persönlichkeit von Lehrenden, welche unter dem Fokus der interkulturellen Kompetenz besondere Relevanz aufweisen.
Large number of receptors may reduce cellular response time variation
Creators: name: Cheng, Xiang
name: Merchan, Lina
name: Tchernookov, Martin
name: Nemenman, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cells often have tens of thousands of receptors, even though only a few activated receptors can trigger full cellular responses. Reasons for the overabundance of receptors remain unclear. We suggest that, in certain conditions, the large number of receptors results in a competition among receptors to be the first to activate the cell. The competition decreases the variability of the time to cellular activation, and hence results in a more synchronous activation of cells. We argue that, in simple models, this variability reduction does not necessarily interfere with the receptor specificity to ligands achieved by the kinetic proofreading mechanism. Thus cells can be activated accurately in time and specifically to certain signals. We predict the minimum number of receptors needed to reduce the coefficient of variation for the time to activation following binding of a specific ligand. Further, we predict the maximum number of receptors so that the kinetic proofreading mechanism still can improve the specificity of the activation. These predictions fall in line with experimentally reported receptor numbers for multiple systems.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
ЮРИДИЧЕСКАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ ЗА ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ ПРО ПРОТИВ ОБЪЕКТОВ ТОПЛИВНО-ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА
Creators: name: Гончар Владимир Сергеевич
name: Ширяев Юрий Егорович
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2023
Subjects: топливно-энергетический комплекс
ответственность
законодательство
преступление
Федеральный закон

description: В статье рассматриваются правовые аспекты юридической ответственности за преступления, совершенные против объектов топливно-энергетического комплекса. Анализируется законодательство, регулирующее безопасность объектов топливно-энергетического комплекса.
Cardiac T2-mapping using a fast gradient echo spin echo sequence - first in vitro and in vivo experience
Creators: name: Baessler, Bettina
name: Schaarschmidt, Frank
name: Stehning, Christian
name: Schnackenburg, Bernhard
name: Maintz, David
name: Bunck, Alexander C.
Publisher: name: London : Biomed Central Ltd.
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: cardiovascular magnetic resonance
subject: t2-mapping
subject: parametric imaging
subject: cardiovascular magnetic-resonance
subject: acute myocardial-infarction
subject: t2
subject: edema
subject: heart
subject: risk
subject: area
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: Background: The aim of this study was the evaluation of a fast Gradient Spin Echo Technique (GraSE) for cardiac T2-mapping, combining a robust estimation of T2 relaxation times with short acquisition times. The sequence was compared against two previously introduced T2-mapping techniques in a phantom and in vivo. Methods: Phantom experiments were performed at 1.5 T using a commercially available cylindrical gel phantom. Three different T2-mapping techniques were compared: a Multi Echo Spin Echo (MESE; serving as a reference), a T2-prepared balanced Steady State Free Precession (T2prep) and a Gradient Spin Echo sequence. For the subsequent in vivo study, 12 healthy volunteers were examined on a clinical 1.5 T scanner. The three T2-mapping sequences were performed at three short-axis slices. Global myocardial T2 relaxation times were calculated and statistical analysis was performed. For assessment of pixel-by-pixel homogeneity, the number of segments showing an inhomogeneous T2 value distribution, as defined by a pixel SD exceeding 20 % of the corresponding observed T2 time, was counted. Results: Phantom experiments showed a greater difference of measured T2 values between T2prep and MESE than between GraSE and MESE, especially for species with low T1 values. Both, GraSE and T2prep resulted in an overestimation of T2 times compared to MESE. In vivo, significant differences between mean T2 times were observed. In general, T2prep resulted in lowest (52.4 +/- 2.8 ms) and GraSE in highest T2 estimates (59.3 +/- 4.0 ms). Analysis of pixel-by-pixel homogeneity revealed the least number of segments with inhomogeneous T2 distribution for GraSE-derived T2 maps. Conclusions: The GraSE sequence is a fast and robust sequence, combining advantages of both MESE and T2prep techniques, which promises to enable improved clinical applicability of T2-mapping in the future. Our study revealed significant differences of derived mean T2 values when applying different sequence designs. Therefore, a systematic comparison of different cardiac T2-mapping sequences and the establishment of dedicated reference values should be the goal of future studies.
ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ САМОИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВ И НАРОДОВ, ПЕРЕЖИВШИХ КОЛОНИАЛЬНЫЙ ПЕРИОД В СВОЕЙ ИСТОРИИ, В АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНЫХ И ФРАНКОЯЗЫЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ
Creators: name: Сидоров Андрей Владимирович
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2023
Subjects: идентичность
самоидентификация
колония
колониализм
неоколониализм
историческое наследие
историческая память.

description: Актуальность исследования обусловлена непрекращающимся процессом переосмысления прошлого как бывшими метрополиями, так и бывшими колониями. Цель статьи состоит в историко-правовом анализе широкого круга вопросов сохранения национальной идентичности, поднимаемых в трудах англои франкоговорящих исследователей. Работа проводилось с применением общенаучных методов (анализ, синтез, сравнение) и частнонаучных методов (историко-правовой, сравнительно-правовой). По итогу были сделаны выводы об отсутствии единых, беспристрастных критериев юридической трактовки понятия «колония» и его производных, о современных формах колониализма (неоколониализма), об особенностях самоидентификации государств и народов в разных регионах мира.
The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the medico-legal and human rights of psychiatric patients
Creators: name: Thome, Johannes
name: Coogan, Andrew N.
name: Simon, Frederick
name: Fischer, Matthias
name: Tucha, Oliver
name: Faltraco, Frank
name: Marazziti, Donatella
name: Butzer, Hermann
Publisher: name: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Betacoronavirus
subject: civil rights
subject: coronavirus disease 2019
subject: Coronavirus infection
subject: epidemic
subject: health care personnel
subject: human
subject: human rights
subject: mental health
subject: mental health service
subject: mental patient
subject: pandemic
subject: psychiatry
subject: psychology
subject: virus pneumonia
subject: Civil Rights
subject: Coronavirus Infections
subject: Disease Outbreaks
subject: Health Personnel
subject: Human Rights
subject: Humans
subject: Mental Health
subject: Mental Health Services
subject: Mentally Ill Persons
subject: Pandemics
subject: Pneumonia, Viral
subject: Psychiatry
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns for population mental health and the effective provision of mental health services in the light of increased demands and barriers to service delivery [1]. Particular attention is being directed toward the possible neuropsychiatric sequelae of both COVID-19 and of the stringent societal mitigation steps deployed by national governments, concerns that are informed by historical increases in the incidence of psychotic disorders following influenza pandemics [2]. However, so far there has been scant attention paid to other important areas of psychiatry during COVID-19, including medico-legal aspects and human rights. In this paper, we discuss the legal implications for psychiatry of the COVID-19 pandemic and report a novel situation in which psychiatric patients may experience diminution of their statutory protections. We believe that this represents a paradigm shift in psychiatric care and that the consideration of the fundamental rights of psychiatric patients as "less important" than infection control measures compel mental health professionals to "advocate for … patients and their caregivers" in this time of crisis [1].
Convergence of a simple discretization of the finite Hilbert transformation
Creators: name: Costabel, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65R20, 45E05

description: For a singular integral equation on an interval of the real line, we study the behavior of the error of a delta-delta discretization. We show that the convergence is non-uniform, between order $O(h^{2})$ in the interior of the interval and a boundary layer where the consistency error does not tend to zero.
description: 14 pages
Typha latifolia X Traunsteineri
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: O. latifolia X Traunsteineri - 3: Angeblich Chandolin (Mantz).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
title: Изыскания автомобильных дорог на стадии разработки проекта реконструкции
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2022

description: В учебном пособии рассмотрены основные понятия, определения, теоретические положения и принципы разработки проекта реконструкции автомобильных дорог. Изложены вопросы оценки проектных решений методом коэффициентов безопасности и аварийности, представлены аспекты использования систем автоматизированного проектирования при решении поставленных задач. Учебное пособие может быть использовано студентами, обучающимися по специальности среднего профессионального образования 08.02.05 «Строительство и эксплуатация автомобильных дорог и аэродромов», при изучении дисциплины «Участие в изыскании и проектировании автомобильных дорог и аэродромов».
Importance of higher orders in opacity in QGP tomography
Creators: name: Stojku, Stefan
name: Ilic, Bojana
name: Salom, Igor
name: Djordjevic, Magdalena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of including a finite number of scattering centers in dynamical energy loss and classical DGLV formalism. Previously, either one or an infinite number of scattering centers were considered in energy loss calculations, while attempts to relax such approximations were largely inconclusive or incomplete. In reality, however, the number of scattering centers is generally estimated to be 4-5 at RHIC and the LHC, making the above approximations (a priori) inadequate and this theoretical problem significant for QGP tomography. We derived explicit analytical expressions for dynamical energy loss and DGLV up to the $4^{th}$ order in opacity, resulting in complex mathematical expressions that were, to our knowledge, obtained for the first time. These expressions were then implemented into an appropriately generalized DREENA framework to calculate the effects of higher orders in opacity on a wide range of high-$p_\perp$ light and heavy flavor predictions. Results of extensive numerical analysis, together with interpretations of nonintuitive results, are presented. We find that, for both RHIC and the LHC, higher-order effects on high-$p_\perp$ observables are small, and the approximation of a single scattering center is adequate for dynamical energy loss and DGLV formalisms.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
Noncommutative spectral geometry and the deformed Hopf algebra structure of quantum field theory
Creators: name: Sakellariadou, Mairi
name: Stabile, Antonio
name: Vitiello, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results obtained in the study of Alain Connes noncommutative spectral geometry construction focusing on its essential ingredient of the algebra doubling. We show that such a two-sheeted structure is related with the gauge structure of the theory, its dissipative character and carries in itself the seeds of quantization. From the algebraic point of view, the algebra doubling process has the same structure of the deformed Hops algebra structure which characterizes quantum field theory.
description: 11 pages. Invited talk in the Sixth International Workshop DICE2012, Castello Pasquini/Castiglioncello (Tuscany), September 17-21, 2012
Shear dispersion of multispecies electrolyte solutions in the channel domain
Creators: name: Ding, Lingyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In multispecies electrolyte solutions, even in the absence of an external electric field, differences in ion diffusivities induce an electric potential and generate additional fluxes for each species. This electro-diffusion process is well-described by the advection-Nernst-Planck equation. This study aims to analyze the long-time behavior of the governing equation under electroneutrality and zero current conditions and investigate how the diffusion-induced electric potential and shear flow enhance the effective diffusion coefficients of each species in channel domains. The some exact solutions of the effective equation and the asymptotic analyses for ions with large diffusivity discrepancies are presented. Furthermore, there are several interesting properties of the effective equation. First, it is a generalization of the Taylor dispersion, with a nonlinear diffusion tensor replacing the scalar diffusion coefficient. Second, the effective equation exhibits a scaling relation, revealing that the system with a weak flow is equivalent to the system with a strong flow under scaled physical parameters. Third, in the case of injecting a lower-concentration electrolyte solution into a pre-existing solution with the same ion species, the effective equation simplifies to a multidimensional diffusion equation. However, when introducing the electrolyte solution into a channel filled with deionized water, the ion-electric interaction results in several phenomena do not present in the advection-diffusion equation, including upstream migration of some species, spontaneous separation of ions, and non-monotonic dependence of the effective diffusivity on Péclet numbers. Last, the dependence of effective diffusivity on concentration and ion diffusivity suggests a method to infer the concentration ratio of each component and ion diffusivity by measuring the effective diffusivity.
The abundance of H2O and HDO in Orion KL from Herschel/HIFI
Creators: name: Neill, Justin L.
name: Wang, Shiya
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Crockett, Nathan R.
name: Favre, Cécile
name: Plume, René
name: Melnick, Gary J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a broadband, high spectral resolution survey toward Orion KL acquired with Herschel/HIFI as part of the HEXOS key program, we derive the abundances of H$_2$O and HDO in the different spatial/velocity components associated with this massive star-forming region: the Hot Core, Compact Ridge, and Plateau. A total of 20 transitions of H$_2$$^{18}$O, 14 of H$_2$$^{17}$O, 37 of HD$^{16}$O, 6 of HD$^{18}$O, and 6 of D$_2$O are used in the analysis, spanning from ground state transitions to over 1200 K in upper-state energy. Low-excitation lines are detected in multiple components, but the highest-excitation lines ($E_u >$ 500 K) are well modeled as emitting from a small ($\sim 2"$) clump with a high abundance of H$_2$O ($χ= 6.5 \times 10^{-4}$ relative to H$_2$) and a HDO/H$_2$O ratio of 0.003. Using high spatial resolution ($1.5" \times 1.1"$) images of two transitions of HDO measured by ALMA as part of its science verification phase, we identify this component as located near, but not directly coincident with, known continuum sources in the Hot Core region. Significant HDO/H$_2$O fractionation is also seen in the Compact Ridge and Plateau components. The outflowing gas, observed with both emission and absorption components, has a lower HDO/H$_2$O ratio than the compact components in Orion KL, which we propose could be due to modification by gas-phase shock chemistry.
description: 39 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables. Accepted to ApJ
From Mobius to Gyrogroups
Creators: name: Ungar, Abraham A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution from Mobius to gyrogroups began in 1988, and is still ongoing in [14, 15]. Gyrogroups, a natural generalization of groups, lay a fruitful bridge between nonassociative algebra and hyperbolic geometry, just as groups lay a fruitful bridge between associative algebra and Euclidean geometry. More than 150 years have passed since the German mathematician August Ferdinand Mobius first studied the transformations that now bear his name. Yet, the rich structure he thereby exposed is still far from being exhausted, as the evolution from Mobius to gyrogroups demonstrates.
Simulation leitungsgeführter Störspannungen von DC-DC-Wandlern
Creators: name: Baumgarten, Tim
name: Scholz, Peter
name: Sievers, Denis
name: Förstner, Jens
Publisher: name: Frankfurt/Main : mesago
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Störspannung
subject: Filterung
subject: Netzsimulation
subject: Schaltungssimulation
subject: DC-DC-Wandler
subject: Messtechnik
subject: Simulationsprozess
subject: Feldsimulation
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::621 | Angewandte Physik::621,3 | Elektrotechnik, Elektronik

description: In diesem Beitrag werden simulatorische und messtechnische EMV-Untersuchungen von Gleichspannungswandlern vorgestellt. Der Fokus liegt auf leitungsgeführten Störspannungen, ihre Abhängigkeit vom Schaltungslayout und ihre Unterdrückung durch Filterung. Der Simulationsprozess besteht aus kombinierten Feld- und Netzwerksimulationen. Zur Bewertung der Simulationsresultate werden zwei Prototypen gezeigt und verglichen, die unterschiedliche EMV-Eigenschaften aufweisen. Bei der Beurteilung der Resultate wird insbesondere Wert auf die Untersuchung gelegt, inwieweit einfache Schaltungssimulationen ausreichen, um leitungsgeführte Störspannungen korrekt vorherzusagen und wann aufwändigere Feldsimulationen notwendig sind.
Zur hochpräzisen GPS-Positions- und Lagebestimmung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung mariner Anwendungen
Creators: name: Böder, Volker
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Global positioning system (GPS)
subject: hydrography
subject: multi sensor system
subject: real-time position and attitude determination
subject: active GPS reference station network
subject: station calibration
subject: GPS/INS integration
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: [no abstract]
Black holes as spherically-symmetric horizon-bound objects
Creators: name: Dahal, Pravin K.
name: Simovic, Fil
name: Soranidis, Ioannis
name: Terno, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Working in a semi-classical setting, we consider solutions of the Einstein equations that exhibit light trapping in finite time according to distant observers. In spherical symmetry, we construct near-horizon quantities from the assumption of regularity of the renormalized expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor, and derive explicit coordinate transformations in the near-horizon region. We examine the boundary conditions appropriate for embedding the model into a cosmological background, describe their evaporation in the linear regime and highlight the observational consequences, while also discussing the implications for the laws of black hole mechanics.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure. Comments welcome!
Stottern, Modifikationstechniken und Therapiemöglichkeiten : Analyse von Fallstudien aus linguistischer Perspektive
Creators: name: Busler, Christine Michaela
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Syllable-based phonological Stutter-analysis
subject: Stutter-location
subject: Stutter-modification
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::100 | Philosophie::150 | Psychologie

description: [no abstract]
Untersuchungen zur Herstellung von komplexen Antriebsbauteilen durch Präzisionsschmieden
Creators: name: Dreyer, Guido
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Precision forging
subject: gearing
subject: form filling
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: [no abstract]
BEM solution of delamination problems using an interface damage and plasticity model
Creators: name: Panagiotopoulos, C. G.
name: Mantic, V.
name: Roubicek, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of quasistatic and rate-independent evolution of elastic-plastic-brittle delamination at small strains is considered. Delamination processes for linear elastic bodies glued by an adhesive to each other or to a rigid outer surface are studied. The energy amounts dissipated in fracture Mode I (opening) and Mode II (shear) at an interface may be different. A concept of internal parameters is used here on the delaminating interfaces, involving a couple of scalar damage variable and a plastic tangential slip with kinematic-type hardening. The so-called energetic solution concept is employed. An inelastic process at an interface is devised in such a way that the dissipated energy depends only on the rates of internal parameters and therefore the model is associative. A fully implicit time discretization is combined with a spatial discretization of elastic bodies by the BEM to solve the delamination problem. The BEM is used in the solution of the respective boundary value problems, for each subdomain separately, to compute the corresponding total potential energy. Sample problems are analysed by a collocation BEM code to illustrate the capabilities of the numerical procedure developed.
Large Particles in Active Asteroid P/2010 A2
Creators: name: Jewitt, David
name: Ishiguro, Masateru
name: Agarwal, Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previously unknown asteroid P/2010 A2 rose to prominence in 2010 by forming a transient, comet-like tail consisting of ejected dust. The observed dust production was interpreted as either the result of a hypervelocity impact with a smaller body or of a rotational disruption. We have re-observed this object, finding that large particles remain a full orbital period after the initial outburst. In the intervening years, particles smaller than ~3 mm in radius have been dispersed by radiation pressure, leaving only larger particles in the trail. Since the total mass is dominated by the largest particles, the radiation pressure filtering allows us to obtain a more reliable estimate of the debris mass than was previously possible. We find that the mass contained in the debris is ~5x10^8 kg (assumed density 3000 kg m^-3), the ratio of the total debris mass to the nucleus mass is ~0.1 and that events like P/2010 A2 contribute <3% to the Zodiacal dust production rate. Physical properties of the nucleus and debris are also determined.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures; ApJLett, in Press
Measurement-free fault-tolerant logical zero-state encoding of the distance-three nine-qubit surface code in a one-dimensional qubit array
Creators: name: Goto, Hayato
name: Ho, Yinghao
name: Kanao, Taro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generation of logical zero states encoded with a quantum error-correcting code is the first step for fault-tolerant quantum computation, but requires considerably large resource overheads in general. To reduce such overheads, we propose an efficient encoding method for the distance-three, nine-qubit surface code and show its fault tolerance. This method needs no measurement, unlike other fault-tolerant encoding methods. Moreover, this is applicable to a one-dimensional qubit array. Observing these facts, we experimentally demonstrate the logical zero-state encoding of the surface code using a superconducting quantum computer on the cloud. We also experimentally demonstrate the suppression of fast dephasing due to intrinsic residual interactions in this machine by a dynamical decoupling technique dedicated for the qubit array. To extend this method to larger codes, we also investigate the concatenation of the surface code with itself, resulting in a distance-nine, 81-qubit code. We numerically show that fault-tolerant encoding of this large code can be achieved by appropriate error detection. Thus, the proposed encoding method will provide a new way to low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Karbonatische Zementation pleistozäner Lockersedimente NW-Deutschlands
Creators: name: Elbracht, Jörg
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quaternary
subject: calcareous concretion
subject: calcareous cementation
subject: early diagenesis
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: [no abstract]
Non-commutative coordinates from quantum gravity
Creators: name: Fröb, Markus B.
name: Much, Albert
name: Papadopoulos, Kyriakos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local observables in (perturbative) quantum gravity are notoriously hard to define, since the gauge symmetry of gravity -- diffeomorphisms -- moves points on the manifold. In particular, this is a problem for backgrounds of high symmetry such as Minkowski space or de Sitter spacetime which describes the early inflationary phase of our universe. Only recently this obstacle has been overcome, and a field-dependent coordinate system has been constructed to all orders in perturbation theory, in which observables are fully gauge-invariant. We show that these field-dependent coordinates are non-commutative, and compute their commutator to second order in the Planck length. This provides the first systematic derivation of non-commutativity that arises due to quantum gravity effects.
description: Proceedings of the Corfu Summer Institute 2022 "School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity". Based on arXiv:2207.03345 [gr-qc]. 12 pages
Automated Calibration System for a High-Precision Measurement of Neutrino Mixing Angle $θ_{13}$ with the Daya Bay Antineutrino Detectors
Creators: name: Liu, J.
name: Cai, B.
name: Carr, R.
name: Dwyer, D. A.
name: Gu, W. Q.
name: Li, G. S.
name: Qian, X.
name: McKeown, R. D.
name: Tsang, R. H. M.
name: Wang, W.
name: Wu, F. F.
name: Zhang, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the automated calibration system for the antineutrino detectors in the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment. This system consists of 24 identical units instrumented on 8 identical 20-ton liquid scintillator detectors. Each unit is a fully automated robotic system capable of deploying an LED and various radioactive sources into the detector along given vertical axes. Selected results from performance studies of the calibration system are reported.
Uniform Substitution for Dynamic Logic with Communicating Hybrid Programs
Creators: name: Brieger, Marvin
name: Mitsch, Stefan
name: Platzer, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.1; F.4.1; D.2.4; C.1.m; C.2.4; D.4.7

description: This paper introduces a uniform substitution calculus for $\mathsf{dL}_\text{CHP}$, the dynamic logic of communicating hybrid programs. Uniform substitution enables parsimonious prover kernels by using axioms instead of axiom schemata. Instantiations can be recovered from a single proof rule responsible for soundness-critical instantiation checks rather than being spread across axiom schemata in side conditions. Even though communication and parallelism reasoning are notorious for necessitating subtle soundness-critical side conditions, uniform substitution when generalized to $\mathsf{dL}_\text{CHP}$ manages to limit and isolate their conceptual overhead. Since uniform substitution has proven to simplify the implementation of hybrid systems provers substantially, uniform substitution for $\mathsf{dL}_\text{CHP}$ paves the way for a parsimonious implementation of theorem provers for hybrid systems with communication and parallelism.
description: CADE 2023
Current-Induced Spin Accumulation and Magnetoresistance in Chiral Semimetals
Creators: name: Burkov, A. A.
name: Smith, Michael
name: Hickey, Alexander
name: Martin, Ivar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weyl fermions possess the property of spin-momentum locking: the expectation value of the spin is parallel or antiparallel to the momentum at any given point in the Brillouin zone in the vicinity of a Weyl node. This is a direct consequence of the fact that Weyl nodes are monopoles of the Berry curvature, and in this sense an expression of the nontrivial Weyl electronic structure topology. Thanks to this property, an isolated Weyl node produces a large spin accumulation in response to a charge current, $\hbar/2$ per electron, similar to surface states of time-reversal invariant topological insulators. However, in bulk Weyl semimetals, the nodes must occur in pairs of opposite chirality and, when the nodes are at the same energy, the effect cancels out. Here we show that this cancellation is avoided in chiral semimetals, in which Weyl nodes of opposite chirality occur at different energies due to broken mirror symmetry. We find that the spin accumulation is maximized when the Fermi energy coincides with one of the nodes in a pair and reaches the same value as for an isolated node in this case. Moreover, we demonstrate the existence of a distinct magnetoresistance mechanism, closely related to this current-induced spin accumulation.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, published version
Upper critical field of high quality single crystals of KFe$_2$As$_2$
Creators: name: Liu, Yong
name: Tanatar, M. A.
name: Kogan, V. G.
name: Kim, Hyunsoo
name: Lograsso, T. A.
name: Prozorov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of temperature-dependent in-plane resistivity, $ρ(T)$, were used to determine the upper critical field and its anisotropy in high quality single crystals of stoichiometric iron arsenide superconductor KFe$_2$As$_2$. The crystals were characterized by residual resistivity ratio, $ρ(300K)/ρ(0)$ up to 3000 and resistive transition midpoint temperature, $T_c$=3.8 K, significantly higher than in previous studies on the same material. We find increased $H_{c2}(T)$ for both directions of the magnetic field, which scale with the increased $T_c$. This unusual linear $H_{c2}(T_c)$ scaling is not expected for orbital limiting mechanism of the upper critical field in clean materials.
Tunable All Electric Spin Polarizer
Creators: name: Charles, J.
name: Bhandari, N.
name: Wan, J.
name: Cahay, M.
name: Newrock, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new device to create a tunable all-electric spin polarizer: a quantum point contact (QPC) with four gates -- two in-plane side gates in series. The first pair of gates, near the source, is asymmetrically biased to create spin polarization in the QPC channel. The second set of gates, near the drain, is symmetrically biased and that bias is varied to maximize the amount of spin polarization in the channel. The range of common mode bias on the first set of gates over which maximum spin polarization can be achieved is much broader for the four gate structure compared with the case of a single pair of in-plane side gates.
description: 4 figures, to appear in Applied Physics Letters
title: Geothermal gas emission and its impact on hauora and taiao at Whakarewarewa, the Living Village
Creators: name: Mazot, Agnes
name: Huata, R.
name: Bradshaw, Diane
name: Davy, Perry K.
name: Millar, B.
name: Warbrick, J.
name: Davis, J.
name: Markwitz, Andreas
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2019

description: This research explores the effect of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), a primary geothermal gas and in a certain extent Carbon Dioxide (CO2), has on humans when exposed to extreme environmental conditions. In this report we document and record the traditional histories/Mātauranga concerning the connection between H2S and the hauora (health) of people at the Whakarewarewa Village. An integrated database helped with the integration of technical, scientific and traditional Māori information, and the support of agile knowledge transfer. Over time, health effects may emerge due to exposure of the people living and working at Whakarewarewa to geothermal gases, but from the local stories of Wāhiao –The people of Whakarewarewa, these natural emissions showed more natural healing than may have been harmful to people. Furthermore, medical studies showed no impact on people’s health. The gas data provided a knowledge-base to be implemented for indigenous hazard assessment and management plans through community awareness. This project underpinned community monitoring, informed future planning, supported geothermal and Māori tourism, and guided scientific investigation. The report combines indigenous knowledge and western science in the field of environmental impact, with respect to geothermal gas emissions. In this report binary information sets are discussed, compared and jointly presented for the benefit of both, indigenous knowledge and western science. H2S is degassing in the geothermal area located in the Whakarewarewa Village, but from this study there was no record of elevated H2S acquired via science nor iwi knowledge. (auth)
A novel multiparametric imaging approach to acute myocarditis using T2-mapping and CMR feature tracking
Creators: name: Baeßler, Bettina
name: Treutlein, Melanie
name: Schaarschmidt, Frank
name: Stehning, Christian
name: Schnackenburg, Bernhard
name: Michels, Guido
name: Maintz, David
name: Bunck, Alexander C.
Publisher: name: London : BioMed Central Ltd.
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
subject: Feature tracking
subject: Myocardial inflammation
subject: Myocarditis
subject: Strain
subject: Strain rate
subject: T2-mapping
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of a novel cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) based multiparametric imaging approach in suspected myocarditis and to compare it to traditional Lake Louise criteria (LLC). Methods: CMR data from 67 patients with suspected acute myocarditis were retrospectively analyzed. Seventeen age- and gender-matched healthy subjects served as control. T2-mapping data were acquired using a Gradient-Spin-Echo T2-mapping sequence in short-axis orientation. T2-maps were segmented according to the 16-segments AHA-model and segmental T2 values and pixel-standard deviation (SD) were recorded. Afterwards, the parameters maxT2 (the highest segmental T2 value) and madSD (the mean absolute deviation (MAD) of the pixel-SDs) were calculated for each subject. Cine sequences in three long axes and a stack of short-axis views covering the left and right ventricle were analyzed using a dedicated feature tracking algorithm. Results: A multiparametric imaging model containing madSD and LV global circumferential strain (GCSLV) resulted in the highest diagnostic performance in receiver operating curve analyses (area under the curve [AUC] 0.84) when compared to any model containing a single imaging parameter or to LLC (AUC 0.79). Adding late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) to the model resulted in a further increased diagnostic performance (AUC 0.93) and yielded the highest diagnostic sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 77%. Conclusions: A multiparametric CMR imaging model including the novel T2-mapping derived parameter madSD, the feature tracking derived strain parameter GCSLV and LGE yields superior diagnostic sensitivity in suspected acute myocarditis when compared to any imaging parameter alone and to LLC. © 2017 The Author(s).
Segmentation of Planning Target Volume in CT Series for Total Marrow Irradiation Using U-Net
Creators: name: Brioso, Ricardo Coimbra
name: Dei, Damiano
name: Franzese, Ciro
name: Lambri, Nicola
name: Loiacono, Daniele
name: Mancosu, Pietro
name: Scorsetti, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Radiotherapy (RT) is a key component in the treatment of various cancers, including Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML). Precise delineation of organs at risk (OARs) and target areas is essential for effective treatment planning. Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques, such as Total Marrow Irradiation (TMI) and Total Marrow and Lymph node Irradiation (TMLI), provide more precise radiation delivery compared to Total Body Irradiation (TBI). However, these techniques require time-consuming manual segmentation of structures in Computerized Tomography (CT) scans by the Radiation Oncologist (RO). In this paper, we present a deep learning-based auto-contouring method for segmenting Planning Target Volume (PTV) for TMLI treatment using the U-Net architecture. We trained and compared two segmentation models with two different loss functions on a dataset of 100 patients treated with TMLI at the Humanitas Research Hospital between 2011 and 2021. Despite challenges in lymph node areas, the best model achieved an average Dice score of 0.816 for PTV segmentation. Our findings are a preliminary but significant step towards developing a segmentation model that has the potential to save radiation oncologists a considerable amount of time. This could allow for the treatment of more patients, resulting in improved clinical practice efficiency and more reproducible contours.
Quantitative 3d reconstruction from scanning electron microscope images based on affine camera models
Creators: name: Töberg, Stefan
name: Reithmeier, Eduard
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 3D reconstruction
subject: Affine camera
subject: Dense point cloud
subject: Epipolar geometry
subject: Rectification
subject: Registration
subject: Scanning electron microscope
subject: Self calibration
subject: Triangulation
subject: Calibration
subject: Cameras
subject: Image enhancement
subject: Image reconstruction
subject: Scanning
subject: Scanning electron microscopy
subject: Stereo image processing
subject: Surface structure
subject: Confocal laser scanning microscope
subject: Dense correspondences
subject: Depth reconstruction
subject: Imaging properties
subject: Morphological characterization
subject: Scanning electrons
subject: Three-dimensional (3D) surfaces
subject: Two Dimensional (2 D)
subject: Three dimensional computer graphics
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) are versatile imaging devices for the micro-and nanoscale that find application in various disciplines such as the characterization of biological, mineral or mechanical specimen. Even though the specimen’s two-dimensional (2D) properties are provided by the acquired images, detailed morphological characterizations require knowledge about the three-dimensional (3D) surface structure. To overcome this limitation, a reconstruction routine is presented that allows the quantitative depth reconstruction from SEM image sequences. Based on the SEM’s imaging properties that can be well described by an affine camera, the proposed algorithms rely on the use of affine epipolar geometry, self-calibration via factorization and triangulation from dense correspondences. To yield the highest robustness and accuracy, different sub-models of the affine camera are applied to the SEM images and the obtained results are directly compared to confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) measurements to identify the ideal parametrization and underlying algorithms. To solve the rectification problem for stereo-pair images of an affine camera so that dense matching algorithms can be applied, existing approaches are adapted and extended to further enhance the yielded results. The evaluations of this study allow to specify the applicability of the affine camera models to SEM images and what accuracies can be expected for reconstruction routines based on self-calibration and dense matching algorithms. © MDPI AG. All rights reserved.
Ecosystem functions including soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available potassium are crucial for vegetation recovery
Creators: name: Qiu, Kaiyang
name: Xie, Yingzhong
name: Xu, Dongmei
name: Pott, Richard
Publisher: name: London : Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biodiversity
subject: Ecosystems
subject: Desertification
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: The effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions have been extensively studied, but little is known about the effects of ecosystem functions on biodiversity. This knowledge is important for understanding biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Desertification reversal is a significant global challenge, but the factors that play key roles in this process remain unclear. Here, using data sampled from areas undergoing desertification reversal, we identify the dominant soil factors that play a role in vegetation recovery with ordinary least squares and structural equation modelling. We found that ecosystem functions related to the cycling of soil carbon (organic C, SOC), nitrogen (total N, TN), and potassium (available K, AK) had the most substantial effects on vegetation recovery. The effects of these ecosystem functions were simultaneously influenced by the soil clay, silt and coarse sand fractions and the soil water content. Our findings suggest that K plays a critical role in ecosystem functioning and is a limiting factor in desertification reversal. Our results provide a scientific basis for desertification reversal. Specifically, we found that plant biodiversity may be regulated by N, phosphorus (P) and K cycling. Collectively, biodiversity may respond to ecosystem functions, the conservation and enhancement of which can promote the recovery of vegetation.
Funktionen von Makrophagen und ihren Aggregaten als histochemische Biomarker für Immunmodulation in Fischen verschiedener Klimazonen
Creators: name: Broeg, Katja
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Immunomodulation
subject: biological effect monitoring
subject: fish
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::590 | Tiere (Zoologie)

description: [no abstract]