cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Blind information reconciliation with polar codes for quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Kiktenko, E. O.
name: Malyshev, A. O.
name: Fedorov, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We suggest a new protocol for the information reconciliation stage of quantum key distribution based on polar codes. The suggested approach is based on the blind technique, which is proved to be useful for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We show that the suggested protocol outperforms the blind reconciliation with LDPC codes, especially when there are high fluctuations in quantum bit error rate (QBER).
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Electroweak symmetry breaking in supersymmetric models with heavy scalar superpartners
Creators: name: Chankowski, Piotr H.
name: Falkowski, Adam
name: Pokorski, Stefan
name: Wagner, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking in supersymmetric models, as the one recently discussed by Birkedal, Chacko and Gaillard, in which the Standard Model Higgs doublet is a pseudo-Goldstone boson of some global symmetry. The Higgs mass parameter is generated at one loop level by two different, moderately fine-tuned sources of the global symmetry breaking. The mechanism works for scalar superpartner masses of order 10 TeV, but gauginos can be light. The scale at which supersymmetry breaking is mediated to the visible sector has to be low, of order 100 TeV. Fine-tuning in the scalar potential is at least two orders of magnitude smaller than in the MSSM with similar soft scalar masses. The physical Higgs boson mass is (for $\tanβ\gg1$) in the range 120-135 GeV.
description: 17 pages, no figures, LaTeX
Systematic construction of square-root topological insulators and superconductors
Creators: name: Ezawa, Motohiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general scheme to construct a Hamiltonian $H_{\text{root}}$ describing a square root of an original Hamiltonian $H_{\text{original}}$ based on the graph theory. The square-root Hamiltonian is defined on the subdivided graph of the original graph of $H_{\text{original}}$, where the subdivided graph is obtained by putting one vertex on each link in the original graph. When $H_{\text{original}}$ describes a topological system, there emerge in-gap edge states at non-zero energy in the spectrum of $H_{\text{root}}$, which are the inherence of the topological edge states at zero energy in $H_{\text{original}}$. In this case, $H_{\text{root}}$ describes a square-root topological insulator or superconductor. Typical examples are square roots of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model, the Kitaev topological superconductor model and the Haldane model. Our scheme is also applicable to non-Hermitian topological systems, where we study an example of a nonreciprocal non-Hermitian SSH model.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Theoretical formulations on thermodynamics of quantum impurity systems
Creators: name: Gong, Hong
name: Wang, Yao
name: Zhang, Hou-Dao
name: Xu, Rui-Xue
name: Zheng, Xiao
name: Yan, YiJing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we put forward the theoretical foundation toward thermodynamics of quantum impurity systems measurable in experiments. The theoretical developments involve the identifications on two types of thermodynamic entanglement free--energy spectral functions for impurity systems that can be either fermionic or bosonic or combined. Consider further the thermodynamic limit in which the hybrid environments satisfy the Gaussian--Wick's theorem. We then relate the thermodynamic spectral functions to the local quantum impurity systems spectral densities that are often experimentally measurable. Another type of inputs is the bare--bath coupling spectral densities, which could be accurately determined with various methods. Similar relation is also established for the nonentanglement component that exists only in anharmonic bosonic impurity systems. For illustration, we consider the simplest noninteracting systems, with focus on the strikingly different characteristics between the bosonic and fermionic scenarios.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Supplementary Table 2 - Semi-Automated and Automated Workflow Equipment
Creators: name: Innovative Genomics Institute
name: Doudna, Jennifer
name: Hockemeyer, Dirk
name: Urnov, Fyodor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110303 Clinical Microbiology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Equipment used for SARS-CoV-2 testing in the Semi-Automated and Automated methods at the Innovative Genomics Institute.
Broadband Mie-driven random quasi-phase-matching
Creators: name: Savo, Romolo
name: Morandi, Andrea
name: Müller, Jolanda S.
name: Kaufmann, Fabian
name: Timpu, Flavia
name: Escalé, Marc Reig
name: Zanini, Michele
name: Isa, Lucio
name: Grange, Rachel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-quality crystals without inversion symmetry are the conventional platform to achieve optical frequency conversion via three wave-mixing. In bulk crystals, efficient wave-mixing relies on phase-matching configurations, while at the micro- and nano-scale it requires resonant mechanisms that enhance the nonlinear light-matter interaction. These strategies commonly result in wavelength-specific performances and narrowband applications. Disordered photonic materials, made up of a random assembly of optical nonlinear crystals, enable a broadband tunability in the random quasi-phase-matching (RQPM) regime and do not require high-quality materials. Here, we combine resonances and disorder by implementing RQPM in Mie-resonant spheres of a few microns realized by the bottom-up assembly of barium titanate nano-crystals. The measured second harmonic generation (SHG) reveals a combination of broadband and resonant wave mixing, in which Mie resonances drive and enhance the SHG, while the disorder keeps the phase-matching conditions relaxed. This new phase-matching regime can be described by a random walk in the SHG complex plane whose step lengths depend on the local field enhancement within the micro-sphere. Our nano-crystals assemblies provide new opportunities for tailored phase-matching at the micro-scale, beyond the coherence length of the bulk crystal. They can be adapted to achieve frequency conversion from the near-ultraviolet to the infrared ranges, they are low-cost and scalable to large surface areas.
description: Main: 9 pages, 5 Figures. Supplementaries: 24 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Spectroscopic Orbits of Eleven Nearby, Mid-to-Late M Dwarf Binaries
Creators: name: Winters, Jennifer G.
name: Irwin, Jonathan M.
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Latham, David W.
name: Medina, Amber M.
name: Mink, Jessica
name: Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
name: Berlind, Perry
name: Calkins, Michael L.
name: Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the spectroscopic orbits of eleven nearby, mid-to-late M dwarf binary systems in a variety of configurations: two single-lined binaries (SB1s), seven double-lined binaries (SB2s), one double-lined triple (ST2), and one triple-lined triple (ST3). Eight of these orbits are the first published for these systems, while five are newly identified multiples. We obtained multi-epoch, high-resolution spectra with the TRES instrument on the 1.5m Tillinghast Reflector at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory located on Mt. Hopkins in AZ. Using the TiO molecular bands at 7065 -- 7165 Angstroms, we calculated radial velocities for these systems, from which we derived their orbits. We find LHS 1817 to have in a 7-hour period a companion that is likely a white dwarf, due to the ellipsoidal modulation we see in our MEarth-North light curve data. We find G 123-45 and LTT 11586 to host companions with minimum masses of 41 M_Jup and 44 M_Jup with orbital periods of 35 and 15 days, respectively. We find 2MA 0930+0227 to have a rapidly rotating stellar companion in a 917-day orbital period. GJ 268, GJ 1029, LP 734-34, GJ 1182, G 258-17, and LTT 7077 are SB2s with stellar companions with orbital periods of 10, 96, 34, 154, 5, and 84 days; LP 655-43 is an ST3 with one companion in an 18-day orbital period and an outer component in a longer undetermined period. In addition, we present radial velocities for both components of L 870-44AB and for the outer components of LTT 11586 and LP 655-43.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ. Full table of RVs available upon request before publication. Corrected uncertainty on LHS 1817 mass ratio & T_eff
Status and Development in the Dairy Sector in the BRIC
Creators: name: Ramanovich, Mikhail
name: Ndambi, Asaah
name: Hemme, Torsten
name: Ramanovich, Mikhail
name: Ndambi, Asaah
name: Hemme, Torsten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Dairy sector
subject: BRIC
subject: Brazil
subject: Russia
subject: India
subject: China
subject: IFCN

description: Milk production is a very important element of the whole dairy chain. The BRIC countries are among the top 6 milk producing countries and produce nearly one third of the world’s total milk volume. A large number of dairy animals and a relatively low milk output per animal show a great potential of the BRIC for a further growth of production. In the same time the BRIC countries comprise 42% of world’s population. Expected population and prosperity growth will lead to a further growth in milk demand. The BRIC countries have a competitive level of milk production cost in international comparison. The success of the BRIC counties in the international milk market will depend on the contribution of all stakeholders in the dairy chain: farmers, processors, supporting industries and policy makers.
Supplementary Table 1 - Useful Links
Creators: name: Innovative Genomics Institute
name: Doudna, Jennifer
name: Hockemeyer, Dirk
name: Urnov, Fyodor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110303 Clinical Microbiology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Useful links for regulatory updates related to SARS-CoV-2 testing in the United States.
Structural Breaks and Financial Volatility: Lessons from BRIC Countries
Creators: name: Morales, Lucia
name: Gassie, Esmeralda
name: Morales, Lucia
name: Gassie, Esmeralda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: BRIC
subject: Energy Markets
subject: GARCH
subject: T-GARCH modeling
subject: Volatility

description: Despite the fact that there is a substantial literature on the analysis of volatility spillovers between stock returns and domestic exchange rates, surprisingly, little empirical research has examined volatility spillovers between oil prices and emerging economies, where a clear gap of research have been found regarding to the BRIC financial markets and the effects of the 2007-2009 World economy crisis. This lack of research might appear as surprising given that energy markets are of particular interest as they are considered a fundamental reference for economic recovery and growth. Therefore, this work aims to address this gap on the literature by looking at the BRIC financial markets and their co-movements with regard to some energy markets (oil, natural gas and electricity) and also to the international pressures that may arise from fluctuations originated in the US stock markets. This research major findings show compelling evidence highlighting the weak integration levels that exist among the Chinese financial markets, energy markets and the US stock market. On the other hand, the Brazilian, Indian and Russian markets are found to be more sensitive to international shocks arisen from US markets and also to energy markets instability, especially with regard to oil market uncertainty.
A thorough study of the intriguing X-ray emission from the Cartwheel ring
Creators: name: Wolter, Anna
name: Trinchieri, Ginevra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from the high resolution Chandra observation of the Cartwheel galaxy. Many individual sources are resolved in the image, mostly associated with the outer ring. All detected sources have a very high X-ray luminosity ($\geq 10^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$)that classifies them as Ultra Luminous X-ray sources (ULX). The brightest of them is possibly the most luminous individual non-nuclear source observed so far, with L$_X \sim 10^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$ (at D=122 Mpc). The spatial extent of this source is consistent with a point source at the Chandra resolution. The luminosity function of individual X-ray sources extends about an order of magnitude higher than previously reported in other galaxies. We discuss this in the context of the "universal" luminosity function for High Mass X-ray Binaries and we derive a Star Formation Rate higher than in other starburst galaxies studied so far. A diffuse component, associated with hot gas, is present. However, deeper observations that we will obtain with XMM-Newton are needed to constrain its properties.
description: 14 pages; accepted for publication in A&A
Storage of energy in constrained non-equilibrium systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Yirui
name: Giżyński, Konrad
name: Maciołek, Anna
name: Hołyst, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a quantity $\mathcal{T}$ defined as the energy U, stored in non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) over its value in equilibrium $U_0$, $ΔU=U-U_0$ divided by the heat flow $J_{U}$ going out of the system. A recent study suggests that $\mathcal{T}$ is minimized in steady states (Phys.Rev.E.99, 042118 (2019)). We evaluate this hypothesis using an ideal gas system with three methods of energy delivery: from a uniformly distributed energy source, from an external heat flow through the surface, and from an external matter flow. By introducing internal constraints into the system, we determine $\mathcal{T}$ with and without constraints and find that $\mathcal{T}$ is the smallest for unconstrained NESS. We find that the form of the internal energy in the studied NESS follows $U=U_0*f(J_U)$. In this context, we discuss natural variables for NESS, define the embedded energy (an analog of Helmholtz free energy for NESS), and provide its interpretation.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
The End of an Era? The Medium- and Long-Term Effects of the Global Crisis on Growth in Low-Income Countries
Creators: name: Berg, Andrew
name: Papageorgiou, Chris
name: Pattillo, Catherine
name: Spatafora, Nikola
name: Berg, Andrew
name: Papageorgiou, Chris
name: Pattillo, Catherine
name: Spatafora, Nikola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Global financial crisis
subject: external shocks
subject: low-income countries
subject: medium- and long-term growth
subject: impulse response functions
subject: growth spells
subject: panel growth regressions

description: This paper investigates the medium- and long-term growth effects of the global financial crises on Low-Income Countries (LICs). Using several methodological approaches, including impulse response function analysis, growth spells techniques and panel regressions, we show that external demand (ED) shocks are not historically associated with sharp declines in output growth. Given existing evidence that LICs were primarily impacted by such a shock in the global financial crisis, our analysis provides some optimism on the chances that LICs will avoid a protracted period of slow growth. However, we also show that there seem to be persistent output losses associated with ED shocks in the medium-run. In terms of policy implications, our analysis provides evidence that countries with lower deficits, lower debt, more flexible exchange rate regimes, and a higher stock of international reserves are more likely to dampen the effects of an ED shock on growth.
Multiplicity Moments using Tsallis Statistics in High-Energy Hadron-Nucleus Interactions
Creators: name: Sharma, S.
name: Chaudhary, G.
name: Sandeep, K.
name: Singla, A.
name: Kaur, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of higher-order moments of a distribution and its cumulants constitute a sensitive tool to investigate the correlations between the particle produced in high energy interactions. In our previous work we have used the Tsallis $q$ statistics, NBD, Gamma and shifted Gamma distributions to describe the multiplicity distributions in $π^-$ -nucleus and $p$ -nucleus fixed target interactions at various energies ranging from P$_{Lab}$ = 27 GeV to 800 GeV. In the present study we have extended our analysis by calculating the moments using the Tsallis model at these fixed target experiment data. By using the Tsallis model we have also calculated the average charged multiplicity and its dependence on energy. It is found that the average charged multiplicity and moments predicted by the Tsallis statistics are in much agreement with the experimental values and indicates the success of the Tsallis model on data from visual detectors. The study of moments also illustrates that KNO scaling hypothesis holds good at these energies.
Modelling aerosol transport and virus exposure with numerical simulations in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission by inhalation indoors
Creators: name: Vuorinen, Ville
name: Aarnio, Mia
name: Alava, Mikko
name: Alopaeus, Ville
name: Atanasova, Nina
name: Auvinen, Mikko
name: Balasubramanian, Nallannan
name: Bordbar, Hadi
name: Erästö, Panu
name: Grande, Rafael
name: Hayward, Nick
name: Hellsten, Antti
name: Hostikka, Simo
name: Hokkanen, Jyrki
name: Kaario, Ossi
name: Karvinen, Aku
name: Kivistö, Ilkka
name: Korhonen, Marko
name: Kosonen, Risto
name: Kuusela, Janne
name: Lestinen, Sami
name: Laurila, Erkki
name: Nieminen, Heikki
name: Peltonen, Petteri
name: Pokki, Juho
name: Puisto, Antti
name: Råback, Peter
name: Salmenjoki, Henri
name: Sironen, Tarja
name: Österberg, Monika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide research findings on the physics of aerosol dispersion relevant to the hypothesized aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We utilize physics-based modeling at different levels of complexity, and literature on coronaviruses, to investigate the possibility of airborne transmission. The previous literature, our 0D-3D simulations by various physics-based models, and theoretical calculations, indicate that the typical size range of speech and cough originated droplets (d < 20microns) allows lingering in the air for O(1h) so that they could be inhaled. Consistent with the previous literature, numerical evidence on the rapid drying process of even large droplets, up to sizes O(100microns), into droplet nuclei/aerosols is provided. Based on the literature and the public media sources, we provide evidence that the infected individuals could have been exposed to aerosols/droplet nuclei by inhaling them in significant numbers e.g. O(100). By 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, we give examples on the transport and dilution of aerosols (d<20microns) over distances O(10m) in generic environments. We study susceptible and infected individuals in generic public places by Monte-Carlo modeling. The model accounts for the locally varying aerosol concentration levels which the susceptible accumulate via inhalation. The introduced concept, 'exposure time' to virus containing aerosols is proposed to complement the traditional 'safety distance' thinking. We show that the exposure time to inhale O(100) aerosols could range from O(1s) to O(1min) or even to O(1h) depending on the situation. The Monte Carlo analysis provides clear quantitative insight to the exposure time in different public indoor environments.
description: Preprint, 58 pages, 15 figures
Chameleon Dark Energy
Creators: name: Brax, Ph.
name: van de Bruck, C.
name: Davis, A. C.
name: Khoury, J.
name: Weltman, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chameleons are scalar fields whose mass depends on the environment, specifically on the ambient matter density. While nearly massless in the cosmos, where the matter density is tiny, their mass is of order of an inverse millimeter on Earth, where the density is high. In this note, we review how chameleons can satisfy current experimental constraints on deviations from General Relativity (GR). Moreover, we study the cosmological evolution with a chameleon field and show the existence of an attractor solution, akin to the tracker solution in quintessence models. We discuss how chameleons can naturally drive the observed acceleration of the universe
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the "Phi in the Sky" conference, 8-10 July 2004, Porto, Portugual
Generalized Induced Norms
Creators: name: Hejazian, S.
name: Mirzavaziri, M.
name: Moslehian, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A60, 47A30, 46B99

description: Let ||.|| be a norm on the algebra M_n of all n-by-n matrices over the complex field C. An interesting problem in matrix theory is that "are there two norms ||.||_1 and ||.||_2 on C^n such that ||A||=max{||Ax||_2: ||x||_1=1} for all A in M_n. We will investigate this problem and its various aspects and will discuss under which conditions ||.||_1=||.||_2.
description: 8 pages
Resilience of Indian Agriculture to External Shocks: Analyzing through a Structural Econometric Model
Creators: name: Bathla, Seema
name: Bathla, Seema
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Is Indian agriculture resilient to external shocks? This question has assumed considerable importance ever since macroeconomic reforms were implemented from the early nineties. As a result, the agricultural sector was exposed to sudden disturbances caused not just by the demand and supply conditions within the country, but also by volatility in world market price, exchange rate and surge in imports. This paper aims to evaluate the magnitude of sensitivity of agriculture to these factors and other changes, and explores policy options that may neutralize their adverse effects, maintain price incentives and stability. The analysis is based on three important tradable commodities. A structural econometric model is applied to each, separately under the exportable and importable scenarios from 1980-81 to 2002-03. Broad findings reveal agriculture to be increasingly driven by an incentive structure based on its linkages with world market price, exchange rate and other factors. Counterfactual simulation experiments indicate that due to trade and price policies, commodity prices and output tend to be much more resilient to various shocks compared to the exports and imports.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking: a view from derived geometry
Creators: name: Elliott, Chris
name: Gwilliam, Owen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We examine symmetry breaking in field theory within the framework of derived geometry, as applied to field theory via the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism. Our emphasis is on the standard examples of Ginzburg-Landau and Yang-Mills-Higgs theories and is primarily interpretive. The rich, sophisticated language of derived geometry captures the physical story elegantly, allowing for sharp formulations of slogans (e.g., for the Higgs mechanism, that the unstable ghosts eat the Goldstone modes). Rewriting these results in the BV formalism provides, as one nice payoff, a reformulation of 't Hooft's family of gauge-fixing conditions for spontaneously broken gauge theory that behaves well in the $ξ\to \infty$ limit.
description: 19 pages, comments welcome
Convergence rates for posterior distributions and adaptive estimation
Creators: name: Huang, Tzee-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62A15 (Primary) 62G20, 62G07. (Secondary)

description: The goal of this paper is to provide theorems on convergence rates of posterior distributions that can be applied to obtain good convergence rates in the context of density estimation as well as regression. We show how to choose priors so that the posterior distributions converge at the optimal rate without prior knowledge of the degree of smoothness of the density function or the regression function to be estimated.
description: Published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org) in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000490
Trade Integration, Restructuring and Global Imbalances - A Tale of Two Countries
Creators: name: Teng, Faxin
name: Kamenev, Dmitry
name: Meier, Claudia
name: Klein, Martin
name: Teng, Faxin
name: Kamenev, Dmitry
name: Meier, Claudia
name: Klein, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: China is widely seen as one of the sources of global macroeconomic imbalances. Its persistent current account surplus and capital exports to the United States are even cited as one of the causes of the global financial crisis. The most common explanation traces China's current acca ount surplus to a mismatch between saving and investment due to inefficiently low domestic demand. We challenge this explanation. Our argument rests on an analogy that we construct between two countries generally thought to be very different: Russia and China. Russia, a raw materials exporting country, has been running current account surpluses similar to China's in relation to GDP. As for most raw materials exporting countries this is considered normal, reflecting efficient reinvestment of wealth from natural resources in financial assets. We show that a similar efficiency argument can be constructed for China, although the nature of wealth that is reinvested in financial assets is different in the two countries. Our analysis implies that China's current account surpluses can be expected to disappear over the long horizon – although the time when this will happen may still be very far away. Moreover, an appreciation of the Chinese currency may not have the desired effect of mitigating the country's current account surplus as a weakening in competitiveness is counterbalanced by a strengthening of investment motives.
Greater than the sum of its parts : issues in the diagnosis and management of individuals co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C initiating antiretroviral therapy
Creators: name: Braitstein, Paula
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C co-infection among previously antiretroviral naive HIV-infected individuals initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART) in a population-based program; to describe the effect of HCV co-infection on immunologic response to ART; adherence to ART; and the effect of HCV co-infection on non-accidental mortality among this population. Methods: British Columbia's HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program (DTP) provides antiretroviral therapy to all eligible HIV positive persons in British Columbia free of charge. Data were drawn from a nested cohort within the DTP of previously ART naive individuals whose first ever ART was a triple-combination and who began treatment between August 1996 - July 2000. Retrospective HCV testing was performed on stored plasma samples from before and, in some cases, after ART initiation. Results: Of the 1136 individuals whose stored baseline plasma samples were tested, 606 (51%) tested HCV antibody-positive (Ab+) and 580 (49%) were HCV antibody-negative. At baseline, 179 (30%) of the antibody positive results were HCV RNA negative. Of these, 118 samples were re-tested for HCV RNA on a sample taken 6-12 months post- ART initiation; 24 (20%) were now found to be HCV RNA positive. In this study population, people with positive HCV antibodies have an attenuated absolute CD4 response to ART, but a preserved CD4 fraction response; increased biochemical markers of hepatic injury, and are independently less likely to adhere to antiretroviral medication, after controlling for biochemical markers of hepatic injury and injection drug use. Finally, HCV antibody positive adults are nearly three times more likely to die a non-accidental death, after controlling for age, gender, injection drug use, and adherence to ART, and are twice as likely to die an HIV-related death. Conclusions: Due to shared routes of transmission and the infectiousness of the hepatitis C virus, there is a very high prevalence of HCV in this population-based cohort of HIV-infected individuals. HCV adversely affects the effectiveness of ART, including immunologic response and ability to adhere. This has significant implications for the survival of HIV/HCV co-infected patients.
Supplementary Table 2 - Semi-Automated and Automated Workflow Equipment
Creators: name: Innovative Genomics Institute
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110303 Clinical Microbiology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Equipment used for SARS-CoV-2 testing in the Semi-Automated and Automated methods at the Innovative Genomics Institute.
Similarity and Income Content at the International Trade: The Case of BRICs during the Period 2000/09
Creators: name: Silva, Orlando Monteiro Da
name: Drumond, Rafael Rodrigues
name: Almeida, Fernanda Maria De
name: Silva, Orlando Monteiro Da
name: Drumond, Rafael Rodrigues
name: Almeida, Fernanda Maria De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Exports
subject: Brazil
subject: Russia
subject: China
subject: India
subject: similarity
subject: income content

description: This study aimed to calculate the patterns of similarity and income content of Brazilian, Russian, Chinese and Indian exports by means of indexes, and compare those patterns with those of OECD countries, covering a period between 2000 and 2009. The results indicate that Brazilian, Russian, Chinese and Indian exports became more similar between 2000 and 2006, but that similarity has declined ever since. Exports from China and India, in turn, are increasingly similar to each other and less different from the exports of OECD countries. Export sophistication has increased over the years, with higher growth rates in China and India. India and Russia's sophistication indexes surpassed that of Brazil in 2007, which signal that those countries currently export products with higher content of income. The study also indicated that Brazil has been losing market share for China and India as an exporter of sophisticated products.
From magnetic order to quantum disorder: a $μ$SR study of the Zn-barlowite series of $S={\frac{1}{2}}$ kagomé antiferromagnets, Zn$_{x}$Cu$_{4-x}$(OH)$_{6}$FBr
Creators: name: Tustain, K.
name: Ward-O'Brien, B.
name: Bert, F.
name: Han, T. -H.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Lancaster, T.
name: Huddart, B. M.
name: Baker, P. J.
name: Clark, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a comprehensive muon spectroscopy study of the Zn-barlowite series of $S={\frac{1}{2}}$ kagomé antiferromagnets, Zn$_x$Cu$_{4-x}$(OH)$_{6}$FBr, for $x=0.00$ to $0.99(1)$. By combining muon spin relaxation and rotation measurements with state-of-the-art density-functional theory muon-site calculations, we observe the formation of both $μ$--F and $μ$--OH complexes in Zn-barlowite. From these stopping sites, implanted muon spins reveal the suppression of long-range magnetic order into a possible quantum spin liquid state upon increasing concentration of Zn-substitution. In the parent compound ($x=0$), static long-range magnetic order below $T_{\mathsf{N}}=15$ K manifests itself in the form of spontaneous oscillations in the time-dependent muon asymmetry signal consistent with the dipolar fields expected from the calculated muon stopping sites and the previously determined magnetic structure of barlowite. Meanwhile, in the $x=1.0$ end-member of the series---in which antiferromagnetic kagomé layers of Cu$^{2+}$ $S={\frac{1}{2}}$ moments are decoupled by diamagnetic Zn$^{2+}$ ions---we observe that dynamic magnetic moment fluctuations persist down to at least 50 mK, indicative of a quantum disordered ground state. We demonstrate that this crossover from a static to dynamic magnetic ground state occurs for compositions of Zn-barlowite with $x>0.5$, which bears resemblance to dynamical behaviour of the widely studied Zn-paratacamite series that contains the quantum spin liquid candidate herbertsmithite.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, supplementary information
Central Banks’ Interest Rate and International Trade in BRIC Countries: Agriculture vs. Machinery Industry?
Creators: name: Borodin, Konstantin
name: Strokov, Anton
name: Borodin, Konstantin
name: Strokov, Anton
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Central banks’ interest rate
subject: Exports
subject: Specialization

description: The paper investigates interrelations between the dynamics of national central banks’ interest rates and international trade within the BRIC countries. It shows that countries with lower interest rates experience growth of the share of machinery industry exports rather than agriculture and food products, and, on the contrary, in countries with higher interest rates the share of agriculture and food exports increases and the share of machinery industry products declines. The investigation has shown that a relative shift in the interest rate can affect the specialization of countries.
Sample Collection Kit - Preparation, Patient Sample Collection and Transport
Creators: name: Innovative Genomics Institute
name: Doudna, Jennifer
name: Hockemeyer, Dirk
name: Urnov, Fyodor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110303 Clinical Microbiology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Sample Collection Kit assembly and procedures for SARS-CoV-2 testing at the Innovative Genomics Institute.
Numerical Renormalization Group for Quantum Impurities in a Bosonic Bath
Creators: name: Bulla, Ralf
name: Lee, Hyun-Jung
name: Tong, Ning-Hua
name: Vojta, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed description of the recently proposed numerical renormalization group method for models of quantum impurities coupled to a bosonic bath. Specifically, the method is applied to the spin-boson model, both in the Ohmic and sub-Ohmic cases. We present various results for static as well as dynamic quantities and discuss details of the numerical implementation, e.g., the discretization of a bosonic bath with arbitrary continuous spectral density, the suitable choice of a finite basis in the bosonic Hilbert space, and questions of convergence w.r.t. truncation parameters. The method is shown to provide high-accuracy data over the whole range of model parameters and temperatures, which are in agreement with exact results and other numerical data from the literature.
description: 23 pages, 21 figures; three references and one figure added
Recent advancements of the NEWS-G experiment
Creators: name: Katsioulas, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NEWS-G (New Experiments With Spheres-Gas) is an experiment aiming to shine a light on the dark matter conundrum with a novel gaseous detector, the spherical proportional counter. It uses light gases, such as hydrogen, helium, and neon, as targets to expand dark matter searches to the sub-GeV/c$^{2}$ mass region. NEWS-G produced its first results with a 60 cm in diameter detector installed at LSM (France), excluding at 90% C.L. cross-sections above $4.4\cdot{10}^{37}$ cm$^{2}$ for dark matter candidates of 0.5 GeV/c$^{2}$ mass. Currently, a 140 cm in diameter detector is being built at LSM and a commissioning run is underway, prior to its installation at SNOLAB (Canada) at the end of the year. Presented here are developments incorporated in this new detector: a) sensor technologies using resistive materials and multi-anode read-out that allow high gain and high pressure operation; b) gas purification techniques to remove contaminants (H$_{2}$O, O$_{2}$); c) reduction of ${}^{210}$Pb induced background through copper electroforming methods; d) utilisation of UV-lasers for detector calibration, detector response monitoring and estimation of gas related fundamental properties. This next phase of NEWS-G will allow searches for low mass dark matter with unprecedented sensitivity.
description: 16th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2019) 9-13 September 2019, Toyama, Japan
Patterns and Determinants of Agro-Food Trade of the BRIC Countries: The Role of Institution
Creators: name: Bojnec, Stefan
name: Ferto, Imre
name: Fogarasi, Jozsef
name: Bojnec, Stefan
name: Ferto, Imre
name: Fogarasi, Jozsef
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: agro-food trade
subject: BRIC countries
subject: adapted gravity model
subject: institutions

description: Agro-food trade between the BRIC countries has increased. Brazil and China contributed to the rapid increase of agro-food trade. The Russian Federation experienced the stagnating and the most volatile agro-food trade over time. The composition of agro-food trade for the BRIC countries varies by the BEC agro-food trade categories and over time. The prevailing in the composition of agro-food trade are BEC122 and BEC111 for Brazil and the Russian Federation, and BEC122 and BEC112 for India and China. Brazil and India have strengthened their market shares in agro-food trade between the BRIC countries, while the Russian Federation has experienced the most severe deterioration. The number and the share of trading partners that have traded every year vary between the BRIC countries and the BEC agro-food trade categories over time. Agro-food trade between the BRIC countries is positively associated with the GDP size and population size in importing countries, but negatively associated with the GDP size and population size in exporting countries as well as with distance. Mixed results are found for border effect, institutional quality and institutional similarity depending on the BEC agro-food trade categories.
Spectroscopic and Photometric Periods of Six Ultracompact Accreting Binaries
Creators: name: Green, Matthew J.
name: Marsh, Thomas R.
name: Carter, Philip J.
name: Steeghs, Danny
name: Breedt, Elmé
name: Dhillon, V. S.
name: Littlefair, S. P.
name: Parsons, Steven G.
name: Kerry, Paul
name: Fusillo, Nicola P. Gentile
name: Ashley, R. P.
name: Bours, Madelon C. P.
name: Cunningham, Tim
name: Dyer, Martin J.
name: Gänsicke, Boris T.
name: Izquierdo, Paula
name: Pala, Anna F.
name: Pattama, Chuangwit
name: Outmani, Sabrina
name: Sahman, David I.
name: Sukaum, Boonchoo
name: Wild, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultracompact accreting binary systems each consist of a stellar remnant accreting helium-enriched material from a compact donor star. Such binaries include two related sub-classes, AM CVn-type binaries and helium cataclysmic variables, in both of which the central star is a white dwarf. We present a spectroscopic and photometric study of six accreting binaries with orbital periods in the range of 40--70 min, including phase-resolved VLT spectroscopy and high-speed ULTRACAM photometry. Four of these are AM CVn systems and two are helium cataclysmic variables. For four of these binaries we are able to identify orbital periods (of which three are spectroscopic). SDSS J1505+0659 has an orbital period of 67.8 min, significantly longer than previously believed, and longer than any other known AM CVn binary. We identify a WISE infrared excess in SDSS J1505+0659 that we believe to be the first direct detection of an AM CVn donor star in a non-direct impacting binary. The mass ratio of SDSS J1505+0659 is consistent with a white dwarf donor. CRTS J1028-0819 has an orbital period of 52.1 min, the shortest period of any helium cataclysmic variable. MOA 2010-BLG-087 is co-aligned with a K-class star that dominates its spectrum. ASASSN-14ei and ASASSN-14mv both show a remarkable number of echo outbursts following superoutbursts (13 and 10 echo outbursts respectively). ASASSN-14ei shows an increased outburst rate over the years following its superoutburst, perhaps resulting from an increased accretion rate.
description: 22 pages, 21 figures. Accepted for publication by MNRAS
Needles and straw in haystacks: Empirical Bayes estimates of possibly sparse sequences
Creators: name: Johnstone, Iain M.
name: Silverman, Bernard W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62C12 (Primary) 62G08\sep 62G05 (Secondary)

description: An empirical Bayes approach to the estimation of possibly sparse sequences observed in Gaussian white noise is set out and investigated. The prior considered is a mixture of an atom of probability at zero and a heavy-tailed density γ, with the mixing weight chosen by marginal maximum likelihood, in the hope of adapting between sparse and dense sequences. If estimation is then carried out using the posterior median, this is a random thresholding procedure. Other thresholding rules employing the same threshold can also be used. Probability bounds on the threshold chosen by the marginal maximum likelihood approach lead to overall risk bounds over classes of signal sequences of length n, allowing for sparsity of various kinds and degrees. The signal classes considered are ``nearly black'' sequences where only a proportion ηis allowed to be nonzero, and sequences with normalized \ell_p norm bounded by η, for η>0 and 01. Simulations show excellent performance.
description: Published by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org) in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000030
FOOD INFLATION IN MALAWI: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ECONOMY
Creators: name: Ularo, Khonje Makaiko Gonapanyanja
name: Ularo, Khonje Makaiko Gonapanyanja
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food inflation
subject: ECM
subject: Crop diversification
subject: GDP
subject: Economy
subject: Malawi

description: Despite consecutive years of good harvest, Malawi has experienced continuous price escalation of staple food commodities unsolved over the time. The real price of maize in Malawi has increased by 141 percent between 1998 and 2008, and has been rising along with the food prices of many other commodities over this period. This study therefore investigates the determinants of food inflation rate in Malawi and its effect on the economy. Monthly and annual data were collected from National Statistical Office and Reserve Bank of Malawi from 1978 to 2008. Data were analyzed by estimating an error correction model (ECM). The results show that fertilizer prices, crop diversification index, maize prices, diesel prices, real exchange rates and real interest rates significantly and positively influenced the rate of food price inflation in Malawi. In addition, the annual rate of food inflation, exports, imports, real interest rate and real exchange rate significantly influenced real agricultural output (GDP) and national GDP at 1 and 5 percent levels respectively. Furthermore, high food price inflation induced low purchasing power to consumers thereby reducing expenditure on consumable goods. Real national output (GDP) and agricultural GDP were negatively affected by food price inflation. The study recommends that a deliberate policy is needed to promote crop diversification in order to reduce food inflation emanating from monotonic food products. Policy makers also need to review exchange rate policy and move towards flexible exchange rate regime (e.g. crawling peg).
Hydrodynamic aspects of relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC
Creators: name: Kolb, Peter F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current status of the application of hydrodynamics to ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is reviewed. We elaborate on the arguments for strong transverse flow and rapid thermalization and discuss future applications and trends in hydrodynamics.
description: Invited plenary talk at SEWM04, Helsinki, June 16-19 2004
Frame-To-Frame Consistent Semantic Segmentation
Creators: name: Rebol, Manuel
name: Knöbelreiter, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we aim for temporally consistent semantic segmentation throughout frames in a video. Many semantic segmentation algorithms process images individually which leads to an inconsistent scene interpretation due to illumination changes, occlusions and other variations over time. To achieve a temporally consistent prediction, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) which propagates features through consecutive frames in a video using a convolutional long short term memory (ConvLSTM) cell. Besides the temporal feature propagation, we penalize inconsistencies in our loss function. We show in our experiments that the performance improves when utilizing video information compared to single frame prediction. The mean intersection over union (mIoU) metric on the Cityscapes validation set increases from 45.2 % for the single frames to 57.9 % for video data after implementing the ConvLSTM to propagate features trough time on the ESPNet. Most importantly, inconsistency decreases from 4.5 % to 1.3 % which is a reduction by 71.1 %. Our results indicate that the added temporal information produces a frame-to-frame consistent and more accurate image understanding compared to single frame processing. Code and videos are available at https://github.com/mrebol/f2f-consistent-semantic-segmentation
description: ACVRW20