cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Corruption and Human Rights: Promoting Transparency in Governance and the Fundamental Right to Corruption-Free Service in India
Creators: name: Kumar, C. Raj
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2003

description: Corruption is an all-pervasive phenomenon in the administrative system of India. It has reached such alarming proportions that the entire governance structure of India is affected by the social, economic and political consequences of corruption, leading to the misallocation of resources. Corruption affects India at all levels of decision-making and in the distribution of the state’s largesse. According to the Global Corruption Report 2003, prepared by Transparency International, India is ranked 71st out of 102 countries in the Corruption Perception Index, 2002. Corruption is a major obstacle to development. In the context of India, there are estimates, which suggest that only seventeen percent of funds allocated by the government for poverty reduction finally reach the poor. Former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi estimated that only 15 paisa of 1 rupee spent by the government on anti-poverty programs actually reached the intended beneficiaries. Furthermore, out of the remaining 85 paisa, at least 40 paisa went into overheads and administrative costs, while 45 paisa disappeared into the corruption column. Corruption in India not only poses a significant danger to the quality of governance, but also threatens in an accelerated manner the very foundation of India’s democracy, rule of law and statehood. There have been efforts taken at different levels in India to tackle the problem.”‘ Until recently, most of these efforts have tended to focus on the problem of corruption from the standpoint of criminal law. Law enforcement agencies have been targeting corruption at different levels of government -central, state and local- to punish the wrongdoers.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 17 No. 1 (2003)
No. 19. An Ordinance to prevent the violation of Indian Graves. [3rd April, 1865.] Whereas, it is expedient for the preservation of the public peace, to make special provision for the protection of Indian Graves, and articles deposited thereon; ...
Creators: name: Seymour, Frederick
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: BRITISH COLUMBIA. V. [Coat of arms A] R. NO. 19. AN ORDINANCE TO PREVENT THE VIOLATION OF INDIAN GRAVES. [3RD APRIL, 1865.]
Decoupling a Fermion Whose Mass Comes from a Yukawa Coupling: Nonperturbative Considerations
Creators: name: Banks, T.
name: Dabholkar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perturbative analyses seem to suggest that fermions whose mass comes solely from a Yukawa coupling to a scalar field can be made arbitrarily heavy, while the scalar remains light. The effects of the fermion can be summarized by a local effective Lagrangian for the light degrees of freedom. Using weak coupling and large N techniques, we present a variety of models in which this conclusion is shown to be false when nonperturbative variations of the scalar field are considered. The heavy fermions contribute nonlocal terms to the effective action for light degrees of freedom. This resolves paradoxes about anomalous and nonanomalous symmetry violation in these models. Application of these results to lattice gauge theory imply that attempts to decouple lattice fermion doubles by the method of Swift and Smit cannot succeed, a result already suggested by lattice calculations.
description: 31 pages
China and the WTO: Progress, Perils, and Prospects
Creators: name: Economy, Elizabeth C.
name: Chang, Gordon G.
name: Cohen, Jerome A.
name: Yu, Peter K.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2003

description: In November 2001, member states of the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) approved the proposal to admit China to the international trading body in the Doha Ministerial Conference. After fifteen years of exhaustive negotiations, China formally became the 143rd member of the WTO on December 11, 2001. To reflect on this event and to explore its ramifications, this panel brings together a wide variety of experts. We have optimists and pessimists; inside experts and outside specialists; academics, government officials, and legal practitioners. When commentators analyze the effects of China’s entry into the WTO, they usually fall into one of two camps-the optimists or the pessimists–or a hybrid between the two, which considers China’s entry a “double-edged sword.”
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 17 No. 1 (2003)
N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms from Effects of sintering temperature on sensing properties of WO3 and Ag-WO3 electrode for NO2 sensor
Creators: name: Lu, Rui
name: Zhong, Xiaoling
name: Shang, Shiguang
name: Wang, Shan
name: Tang, Manling
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018

description: N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms
DTER: Schedule Optimal RF Energy Request and Harvest for Internet of Things
Creators: name: Luo, Yu
name: Pu, Lina
name: Zhao, Yanxiao
name: Wang, Guodong
name: Song, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a new energy harvesting strategy that uses a dedicated energy source (ES) to optimally replenish energy for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting powered Internet of Things. Specifically, we develop a two-step dual tunnel energy requesting (DTER) strategy that minimizes the energy consumption on both the energy harvesting device and the ES. Besides the causality and capacity constraints that are investigated in the existing approaches, DTER also takes into account the overhead issue and the nonlinear charge characteristics of an energy storage component to make the proposed strategy practical. Both offline and online scenarios are considered in the second step of DTER. To solve the nonlinear optimization problem of the offline scenario, we convert the design of offline optimal energy requesting problem into a classic shortest path problem and thus a global optimal solution can be obtained through dynamic programming (DP) algorithms. The online suboptimal transmission strategy is developed as well. Simulation study verifies that the online strategy can achieve almost the same energy efficiency as the global optimal solution in the long term.
Anno Vicesimo Octavo Et Vicesimo Nono Victoria Regina. No. V. An Act to Amend "The Land Registry Act, 1860." [8th April, 1865. Whereas, it is necessary to amend "The Land Registry Act, 1860." be it therefore enacted by the Governor of the Colony of Vancouver Island and its Dependencies, ...
Creators: name: Kennedy, A. E.
Publisher: name: Victoria, Vancouver Island : Harries and Company
Year: 2018

description: [Coat of arms A] ANNO VICESIMO OCTAVO ET VICESIMO NONO VICTORIA REGINA. NO. V. AN ACT TO AMEND "THE LAND REGISTRY ACT, 1860.". [8TH APRIL, 1865. Victoria, Vancouver Island: Printed by Authority of the Government by Harries and Company. 1865.
Classical Hadrodynamics: A New Approach to Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Bush, Brian W.
name: Nix, J. Rayford
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a new approach to ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions based on classical hadrodynamics for extended nucleons, corresponding to nucleons of finite size interacting with massive meson fields. This new theory provides a natural covariant microscopic approach that includes automatically spacetime nonlocality and retardation, nonequilibrium phenomena, interactions among all nucleons and particle production. In the current version of our theory, we consider $N$ extended unexcited nucleons interacting with massive neutral scalar ($σ$) and neutral vector ($ω$) meson fields. The resulting classical relativistic many-body equations of motion are solved numerically without further approximation for soft nucleon-nucleon collisions at $p_{\rm lab}$ = 14.6, 30, 60, 100 and 200 GeV/$c$ to yield the transverse momentum imparted to the nucleons. For the future development of the theory, the isovector pseudoscalar ($π^+$, $π^-$, $π^0$), isovector scalar ($δ^+$, $δ^-$, $δ^0$), isovector vector ($ρ^+$, $ρ^-$, $ρ^0$) and neutral pseudoscalar ($η$) meson fields that are known to be important from nucleon-nucleon scattering experiments should be incorporated. In addition, the effects of quantum uncertainty on the equations of motion should be included by use of techniques analogous to those used by Moniz and Sharp for nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics.
description: 6 pages, LA-UR-94-2178
Venture Capital in China: Developing a Regulatory Framework
Creators: name: Vaughn, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2003

description: Venture capital first appeared in China in 1985, when the Chinese government released The Decision to Reform the Chinese Science and Technical System, its first official document addressing the topic. In Beijing that same year, the government sponsored China Venturetech Investment Corporation, China’s first ever venture capital firm, which specialized in high-tech venture investments and led the government’s formation of similar investment entities in other provinces around China. Yet the government, young to market economics and mired in ideological skepticism following Tiananmen Square, all but halted the nurturing of high-risk, high-return venture capital investments in 1989. China’s venture capital environment withered as a result. Nevertheless, the unpredictable game of private equity in China was underway. The 1990’s witnessed a volatile resurrection of the industry, and by the start of the 21 st century, venture capital in China had reached a new level of prominence. There are several explanations for venture capital’s newfound attractiveness. First, to the venture capitalist, China’s accession into the WTO means long-awaited liberalization in the investment field. China also has the world’s fastest growing and most closely watched Internet market and offers unprecedented governmental support in the high-tech field.” In light of Asia’s 1997 financial crisis, venture capital provides China with longer-term, non-speculative investment that supports innovation and skill transfer, elements not found in the portfolio-type investments of the 1997 financial debacle. At the same time, venture capital holds relief for China’s tightening credit market. Moreover, job growth associated with venture capital helps China stem its rising unemployment problems from sweeping state-owned enterprise reform. The venture capital formula suits not only the high-risks of investing in former state-owned entities and other entities deficient in market operating experiences, but also the government’s recent push to develop western China.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2003)
Design of eco-friendly fabric softeners: structure, rheology and interaction with cellulose nanocrystals
Creators: name: Oikonomou, E. K.
name: Christov, N.
name: Cristobal, G.
name: Bourgaux, C.
name: Heux, L.
name: Boucenna, I.
name: Berret, J. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Concentrated fabric softeners are water-based formulations containing around 10 - 15 wt. % of double tailed esterquat surfactants primarily synthesized from palm oil. In recent patents, it was shown that a significant part of the surfactant contained in today formulations can be reduced by circa 50 % and replaced by natural guar polymers without detrimental effects on the deposition and softening performances. We presently study the structure and rheology of these softener formulations and identify the mechanisms at the origin of these effects. The polymer additives used are guar gum polysaccharides, one cationic and one modified through addition of hydroxypropyl groups. Formulations with and without guar polymers are investigated using optical and cryo-transmission electron microscopy, small-angle light and Xray scattering and finally rheology. Similar techniques are applied to study the phase behavior of softener and cellulose nanocrystals considered here as a model for cotton. The esterquat surfactants are shown to assemble into micron-sized vesicles in the dilute and concentrated regimes. In the former, guar addition in small amounts does not impair the vesicular structure and stability. In the concentrated regime, cationic guars induce a local crowding associated to depletion interactions and leads to the formation of a local lamellar order. In rheology, adjusting the polymer concentration at one tenth that of the surfactant is sufficient to offset the decrease of the elastic property associated with the surfactant reduction. In conclusion, we have shown that through an appropriate choice of natural additives it is possible to lower the concentration of surfactants in fabric conditioners by about half, a result that could represent a significant breakthrough in current home care formulations.
description: 10 pages 8 figures
H. Stephen Harris Jr.
Creators: name: Harris Jr., H. Stephen
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2003

description: Japan, the United States and the European Union have made significant strides in building and harmonizing advanced competition’ and intellectual property laws and enforcement systems. The laws and policies of these jurisdictions reflect recognition of the fact that innovation and competition are the twin engines of progress. Despite progress over the past four decades, important differences remain. Some can be attributed simply to the imperfect and episodic way in which law develops. Some reflect deeply held views steeped in history and culture. Still others appear on occasion to be either engineered or invoked for political or protectionist purposes. Accusations and suspicions of exclusionary application of intellectual property and competition law and of protectionist trade policies by both sides2 have strained the relationship between Japan and the United States, especially in the late 1980’s and 1990’s.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2003)
Is the spiral morphology of the Elias 2-27 circumstellar disc due to gravitational instability?
Creators: name: Hall, Cassandra
name: Rice, Ken
name: Dipierro, Giovanni
name: Forgan, Duncan
name: Harries, Tim
name: Alexander, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent ALMA observation of the Elias 2-27 system revealed a two-armed structure extending out to ~300 au in radius. The protostellar disc surrounding the central star is unusually massive, raising the possibility that the system is gravitationally unstable. Recent work has shown that the observed morphology of the system can be explained by disc self-gravity, so we examine the physical properties of the disc necessary to detect self-gravitating spiral waves. Using three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, coupled with radiative transfer and synthetic ALMA imaging, we find that observable spiral structure can only be explained by self-gravity if the disc has a low opacity (and therefore efficient cooling), and is minimally supported by external irradiation. This corresponds to a very narrow region of parameter space, suggesting that, although it is possible for the spiral structure to be due to disc self-gravity, other explanations, such as an external perturbation, may be preferred.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
On limits of spacetimes -- a coordinate-free approach
Creators: name: Paiva, F. M.
name: Rebouças, M. J.
name: MacCallum, M. A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A coordinate-free approach to limits of spacetimes is developed. The limits of the Schwarzschild metric as the mass parameter tends to 0 or $\infty$ are studied, extending previous results. Besides the known Petrov type D and 0 limits, three vacuum plane-wave solutions of Petrov type N are found to be limits of the Schwarzschild spacetime.
description: 19 pp
Improvement in resistance to wear and corrosion of anodized alumina by impregnation in biobased filler
Creators: name: Asadauskas, Svajus Joseph
name: Gedvidas Bikulčius
name: Matijošius, Tadas
name: Bučinskienė, Dalia
name: Jankauskas, Sigitas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: tribology; anodizing; coating

description: Anodized alumina coatings (AA) improve surface hardness, corrosion resistance, paintability and other important properties. They are often employed in robotics, laser casings or other high-tech equipment, but their resistance to wear is poor. Sealing AA nanopores by hydroxylation in water or impregnation with various fillers, such as PTFE, MoS2, or stearic acid is often used [1]. In this study impregnation with specially designed biobased filler 18Z was compared to AA sealing in hot water.
 Hard AA coatings (Type III) were produced on 6082 alloy discs or plates [2]. Then they were immersed at 90°C without mixing either into deionized water for 20 min or 18Z for 1 h. Custom-built AA pistons for miniaturized 2-cycle engines were also impregnated in 18Z. Friction was tested using 6 mm OD steel ball-on-plate setup in CSM tribometer [2] at 10N load, reciprocal linear cycle of 8 mm total length at 2 cm/s. Corrosion resistance was tested at 50±2°C using Q-panel salt-spray cabinet according to ISO 9227:2012 with 5% NaCl plus 0.20±0.02 g/l CuCl2 , spiked with acetic a. to pH = 3.1 ~ 3.3. Onset of corrosion was determined using ISO 8993:2010 procedure. Friction and corrosion test results are displayed in Fig. 1. Both friction (Fig. 1 a) and corrosion (Fig. 1 b) resistance of AA with 18Z was much better than that of AA sealed by hydroxylation. Piston prototypes, impregnated with 18Z, (Fig. 1 c), were tested in the engines by Lithuanian Speed Model Car Federation [3]. They lasted 6-8 times longer than those without 18Z (Fig. 1 d), which usually break down due to friction increase. Impregnated ones appeared much less damaged by wear after dismantling the engines due to reasons, unrelated to piston friction. These results prove high commercial potential of the 18Z filler.
description: The proceedings article can be accessed at http://cct2016.ftmc.lt/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/CCT-2016-Book-of-Abstracts.pdf
description: {"references": ["http://cct2016.ftmc.lt/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/CCT-2016-Book-of-Abstracts.pdf"]}
Independence and Corruption in Korea
Creators: name: Erlich, Craig P.
name: Kang, Dae Seob
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2003

description: In the summer of 2001, after years of opposition, the Korean National Assembly passed and President D.J. Kim signed a new Anti- Corruption Act (“ACA”). Apart from whistle-blower protections, however, the ACA in its present form contains little of substance, its independent counsel provisions having been stripped away by the ruling party. Given that Korean law has long outlawed bribery, we are skeptical about the potential benefits of the ACA, which in part exhorts the nation to prevent corruption. It seems unlikely that telling people to be virtuous will make them so. Corruption has been a crime since 1953, and there has been a series of anti-corruption programs and laws since 1993, when the popularly elected civilian President Y.S. Kim took office. The prior reforms either worked or they didn’t. If they did work, why was the ACA necessary? If the earlier efforts failed, why did that happen? This article discusses private sector and official corruption in Korea, recounts the reform efforts including the ACA, and concludes that the reforms are unlikely to be effective without the establishment of an independent prosecutor. The system that produced Korea’s economic development eroded its own base. Corruption was an inescapable feature of the relationship among Korea’s government, banks and chaebol during the decades of development from the early 1960s to the mid 1990s, and it was also at the root of the 1997 crisis. It may now threaten the success of the post-1997 corporate governance reforms, which assume independent decision makers on boards of directors, in audit firms and in the regulatory bodies. There have been several high profile cases in 2000 and 2001; the business community complains about it but does little to effect remedy; and at least one analyst concluded that the educated middle class are so demoralized by persistent corruption that they are leaving Korea. This is something more than inevitable and universal criminality. Were this garden-variety stuff, newspapers wouldn’t be editorializing, NGOs wouldn’t be campaigning, and the government wouldn’t be announcing new programs.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2003)
Update on China’s Rural Land Tenure Reforms: Analysis and Recommendations Based on a Seventeen-Province Survey
Creators: name: Schwarzwalder, Brian
name: Riedinger, Jeffrey
name: Prosterman, Roy
name: Jianping, Ye
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2003

description: The adoption of China’s revised Land Management Law in August 1998, combined with the issuance of the Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 15th Central Committee “On Several Major Issues in Agriculture and Rural Work,” which called for implementation of “long-term, secure rural land use rights” and the drafting of additional legislation to protect those rights, marked the beginning of a new stage in China’s rural land tenure reforms. At that time, the Household Responsibility System (“HRS”) had already served as the foundation of Chinese agricultural and rural land policy for nearly twenty years, contributing to great advances in agricultural productivity and farmer economic welfare. This new stage of reforms reconfirmed collective ownership with contracting of use rights to farm households as the basis of China’s rural land tenure system while attempting to address some of the shortcomings identified in existing tenure arrangements throughout China. In contrast to the high degree of local variation and informality that had prevailed during the first two decades of HRS, the central government envisioned that, as part of the new round of reforms, all of China’s farmers would receive thirty-year land use rights embodied in written contracts and protected by national laws. In early 1999, the Central Rural Work Group announced the ambitious goal of full implementation of the new rights by the end of that year. An accurate assessment of the progress to date with respect to the goal of full implementation, and the impact of such progress on China’s farmers, can only be derived from systematic monitoring of the implementation process on a national basis. To that end, Renmin University and the Rural Development Institute (“RDI”) have cooperated on the design, conduct and analysis of two large-scale sample surveys, one in 19991 and a second in 2001, regarding the extent and nature of implementation of thirty-year rural land use rights. This paper discusses the findings of the second of these surveys, conducted with 1,617 rural households in seventeen Chinese provinces in July and August 2001. Analysis of the survey findings indicates that while as many as 85 million rural households may have benefited from the reforms, considerable work remains to achieve the goal of full implementation of long-term, secure land use rights.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2003)
MPEC 2024-U85 : 2024 UX1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 UX1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Don Quixote or Robin Hood: Minority Shareholder Rights and Corporate Governance in Korea
Creators: name: Lee, Boong-Kyu
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2002

description: On December 27, 2001, in a derivative suit brought by the minority shareholders of Samsung Electronics against 11 current and former directors, a court of first impression awarded damages of W97.7 billion. If confirmed by the appellate Seoul High Court and ultimately the Supreme Court, the individual defendants must repay W97.7 billion to Samsung Electronics – but of course, since this is a derivative suit, the minority shareholder plaintiffs will not be compensated directly! The Samsung verdict represents the second pro-shareholder derivative verdict since the one in 1998 against Korea First Bank, but in monetary terms the recent decision dwarfs the W40 billion awarded in the latter case.2 It represents a major vindication of minority shareholder rights for good corporate governance and has been praised as a enlightened decision that takes away from the controlling owners what should be rightfully that of the shareholders as a whole. A “Robin Hood”-like imperative of sorts.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2002)
Low-temperature Fabrication of Highly-Efficient, Optically-Transparent (FTO-free) Graphene Cathode for Co-Mediated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Acetonitrile-free Electrolyte Solution
Creators: name: Kavan, Ladislav
name: Liska, Paul
name: Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.
name: Grätzel, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propionitrile electrolyte solutions mixed with sulfolane or with 1-ethyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetracyanoborate (ionic liquid) are optimized for Co(bpy)3+/Co(bpy)2+-mediated DSCs working at low illumination intensity.
Rigorous QCD Predictions for Decays of P-Wave Quarkonia
Creators: name: Bodwin, Geoffrey T.
name: Braaten, Eric
name: Lepage, G. Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rigorous QCD predictions for decay rates of the P-wave states of heavy quarkonia are presented. They are based on a new factorization theorem which is valid to leading order in the heavy quark velocity and to all orders in the running coupling constant of QCD. The decay rates for all four P states into light hadronic or electromagnetic final states are expressed in terms of two phenomenological parameters, whose coefficients are perturbatively calculable. Logarithms of the binding energy encountered in previous perturbative calculations of P-wave decays are factored into a phenomenological parameter that is related to the probability for the heavy quark-antiquark pair to be in a color-octet S-wave state. Applying these predictions to charmonium, we use measured decay rates for the $\chione$ and $\chitwo$ to predict the decay rates of the $\chizero$ and $h_c$.
description: 13 pages
No. 20. An Ordnance to amend the Law relating to Bankruptcy and Insolvency in British Columbia. [10th April, 1865.] Whereas, it is expedient to amend the laws relating to Bankruptcy and Insolvency in British Columbia; Be it enacted by the Governor of British Columbia, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows: ...
Creators: name: Seymour, Frederick
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: BRITISH COLUMBIA. V. [Coat of arms A] R. NO. 20. AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE LAW RELATING TO BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. [10TH APRIL, 1865.]
Quantum Theory of Black Holes
Creators: name: Gegenberg, J.
name: Kunstatter, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A solvable 2-dimensional conformally invariant midi-superspace model for black holes is obtained by imposing spherical symmetry in 4-dimensional conformally invariant Einstein gravity. The Wheeler-DeWitt equation for the theory is solved exactly to obtain the unique quantum wave functional for an isolated black hole with fixed mass. By suitably relaxing the boundary conditions, a non-perturbative ansatz is obtained for the wave functional of a black hole interacting with its surroundings.
description: Plain-TeX, 13 pages, no figures, WIN-92-9, UNB Tech. Rep. 92-05
Rule of Law or Rule of Protectionism: Anti-Dumping Practices toward China and the WTO Dispute Settlement System
Creators: name: Yu, Lei
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2002

description: One of the great benefits coming along with China’s new XWTO membership card is the availability of the WTO dispute settlement proceedings. As former United States Trade Representative Charlene Barshefsky declared after U.S. Senate voted to approve the PNTR for China: “China… will join the community governed by the rule of law.”‘ WTO rules are enforced through the WTO Dispute Settlement System (DSS), governed by the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSUy), which is one cornerstone of the 1994 Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO. After the Uruguay Round, trade dispute settlement, through the DSS, has moved to the center stage of international economic diplomacy, and has been working reasonably well? During the past seven years, the number of disputes submitted to the WTO had considerably increased to over 236 by August 31, 2001, ten times the number under the GATT.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2002)
Additional file 4 of Efficacy and safety of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for hepatitis C among drug users: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Yang, Xue
name: Tang, Yang
name: Xu, Di
name: Zhang, Guang
name: Xu, Peng
name: Tang, Houlin
name: Pang, Lin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Prisma checklist.
No. 22. An Ordinance for regulating the amount and application of the Fees to be taken in the Supreme Court of Civil Justice from suitors therein. [11th April, 1865.] Whereas, it is expedient to define the amount of Fees to be taken by the Officers of the Supreme Court of Civil Justice of British Columbia in all civil actions pending therein, ...
Creators: name: Seymour, Frederick
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: BRITISH COLUMBIA. V. [coat of arms] R. NO. 22. AN ORDINANCE FOR REGULATING THE AMOUNT AND APPLICATION OF THE FEES TO BE TAKEN IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CIVIL JUSTICE FROM SUITORS THEREIN. [11th APRIL, 1865.]
Quenched Chiral Logarithms
Creators: name: Sharpe, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I develop a diagrammatic method for calculating chiral logarithms in the quenched approximation. While not rigorous, the method is based on physically reasonable assumptions, which can be tested by numerical simulations. The main results are that, at leading order in the chiral expansion, (a) there are no chiral logarithms in quenched $f_π$, for $m_u=m_d$; (b) the chiral logarithms in $B_K$ and related kaon B-parameters are, for $m_d=m_s$, the same in the quenched approximation as in the full theory; (c) for $m_π$ and the condensate, there are extra chiral logarithms due to loops containing the $η'$, which lead to a peculiar non-analytic dependence of these quantities on the bare quark mass. Following the work of Gasser and Leutwyler, I discuss how there is a predictable finite volume dependence associated with each chiral logarithm. I compare the resulting predictions with numerical results: for most quantities the expected volume dependence is smaller than the errors, but for $B_V$ and $B_A$ there is an observed dependence which is consistent with the predictions.
description: 43 page latex file, 16 postscript figures included
Copper(I) based coordination polymers: synthesis, characterization and applications
Creators: name: Khaled, Hassanein
name: Chiara, Cappuccino
name: Pilar, Amo-Ochoa
name: López-Molina Jesús
name: Félix, Zamora
name: Lucia, Maini
name: Barbara, Ventura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Oral Presentation at the XIIth International School on Organometallic Chemistry “Marcial Moreno Mañas”, 12-14 June 2019, Castellón, Spain.
No. 26. An Ordinance to declare the Limitation of Foreign Suits and Actions. [11th April, 1865.] Whereas, it is expedient to limit the time within which suits or actions may be maintained on causes thereof arising elsewhere then in British Columbia; ...
Creators: name: Seymour, Frederick
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: BRITISH COLUMBIA. V. [coat of arms] R. NO. 26. AN ORDINANCE TO DECLARE THE LIMITATION OF FOREIGN SUITS AND ACTIONS. [11TH APRIL, 1865.]
Legal Reform and its Context in Vietnam
Creators: name: Quinn, Brian J. M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2002

description: Vietnam has been undergoing economic reform since 1986. An important part of that reform has been a re-examination of the role of the courts and the bureaucracy in the resolution of disputes. Vietnam’s leadership has expressed the need to create rule by law in accordance with market principles as opposed to the rule of the bureaucracy that marked the centrally planned economies. The movement from the rule of the bureaucracy to rule by law is not necessarily a fast or an easy one. In the case of Vietnam, the ongoing tensions between the system that is hoped for and the system as it currently exists often create perverse or simply unexpected outcomes. On the one hand, domestic businessmen and parties to disputes seem to have been able to quickly understand the lay of the land in the gray area between rule by law and the rule of the bureaucracy. That understanding implies an ability to navigate the ‘system’ and an ability to navigate it with a certain degree of accuracy and reasonable expectation of achieving an outcome. This paper attempts to describe the gray area and how parties are able to navigate the system in Vietnam.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2002)
Anthropogene Einflüsse auf die Hochgebirgsumwelt im Holozän: Einblicke aus einer alpinen Bergbaulandschaft
Creators: name: Kowarik, Kerstin
name: Reschreiter, Hans
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: High mountain, mountain environment, Holocene, sediment archives, archaeological sources, written document, Austrian Salzkammergut

description: Menschliche Begehung und Nutzung des Gebirgs- und Hochgebirgsraums reicht weit in die Vergangenheit zurück. Sedimentarchive, archäologische Quellen und Schriftzeugnisse dokumentieren die lange und vielfältige Beziehungsgeschichte zwischen menschlichen Gesellschaften und diesen Landschaften. In besonderer Detailgenauigkeit lassen sich diese Prozesse in der historischen Landschaft des österreichischen Salzkammerguts nachvollziehen. Doch die enge Verzahnung zwischen Mensch und Umwelt bzw. eng aufeinander abgestimmte sozioökologische Systeme treten uns überall dort in Gebirgsregionen entgegen, wo Menschen über einen längeren Zeitraum gesiedelt und gewirtschaftet haben. In Anbetracht des oft steigenden Drucks auf diese Landschaften ist die Integration einer historischen und interdisziplinären Perspektive für die Entwicklung nachhaltiger Nutzungskonzepte von fundamentaler Bedeutung. Anthropogenic influences on the high mountain environment in the Holocene: Human activity in mountain regions reaches back far into the past. Sediment archives, archaeological sources and written records document the long and varied history of human-environment relations in these landscapes. These processes can be traced back in particular detail in the landscape of the Austrian Salzkammergut. However, the close interrelationship between humans and the environment or closely integrated socio-ecological systems can be studied everywhere in mountainous regions where human communities were present for a long time. In view of the often increasing pressure on these landscapes, a historically informed and interdisciplinary framework for the development of sustainable landuse concepts is urgently needed
Precision Sugarcane Monitoring Using SVM Classifier
Creators: name: Kumar, Sachin
name: Mishra, Sumita
name: Khanna, Pooja
name: Pragya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: India is agriculture based economy and sugarcane is one of the major crops produced in northern India. Productivity of sugarcane decreases due to inappropriate soil conditions and infections caused by various types of diseases , timely and accurate disease diagnosis, plays an important role towards optimizing crop yield. This paper presents a system model for monitoring of sugarcane crop, the proposed model continuously monitor parameters (temperature, humidity and moisture) responsible for healthy growth of the crop in addition KNN clustering along with SVM classifier is utilized for infection identification if any through images obtained at regular intervals. The data has been transmitted wirelessly from the site to the control unit. Model achieves an accuracy of 96% on a sample of 200 images, the model was tested at Lolai, near Malhaur, Gomti Nagar Extension.
description: This is a pre-print of an article published in [Procedia Computer Science 2017]
Daiwa Bank Case (1999)
Creators: name: Yamada, Tsuyoshi
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2002

description: The following is a summary translation of a representative action brought by Daiwa Bank’s stockholders against the Bank regarding the New York Daiwa Bank scandal. A Daiwa bond trader covered up $1.1 billion.in losses incurred through illegal trades over the course of eleven years. This case was decided by the Osaka district court, and it had a very strong impact not only among corporate directors, but also all over Japan, because directors of Daiwa Bank were ordered to pay approximately $775 million. This was first court decision that ordered directors to pay such a huge amount of money, and it fostered much debate about the derivative action system in Japan. Directors’ groups and some politicians insisted that compensation be limited to two years salary of the director. The case was divided into two parts, Case A and Case B. The Court found that the directors of Daiwa bank had a duty to establish a proper risk management system, but failed to do so. A proper risk management system would have included separation of front office from back office, and also of U.S. Treasury bill dealing business from custodian business. It also would have included the confirmation of a balance of U.S. Treasury bills in custody.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2002)
Nucleon Structure Functions from Relativistic Constituent Quarks
Creators: name: Melnitchouk, W.
name: Weise, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate deep inelastic lepton scattering from the nucleon within a constituent quark picture, in which the internal structure of constituent quarks is modeled by meson and diquark dressing. In a covariant framework this structure leads to a breakdown of the factorization necessary for a convolution formulation. We perform our analysis in time-ordered perturbation theory in the infinite momentum frame where factorization of subprocesses is automatic. Numerical results are compared with recent data on valence quark distributions in the proton.
description: 10 pages LaTeX, 3 figures available upon request, TPR-94-7, to appear in Physics Letters B
Baryon Budget of the Hot Circumgalactic Medium of Massive Spiral Galaxies
Creators: name: Li, Jiang-Tao
name: Bregman, Joel N.
name: Wang, Q. Daniel
name: Crain, Robert A.
name: Anderson, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The baryon content around local galaxies is observed to be much less than is needed in Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Simulations indicate that a significant fraction of these "missing baryons" may be stored in a hot tenuous circum-galactic medium (CGM) around massive galaxies extending to or even beyond the virial radius of their dark matter halos. Previous observations in X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) signal claimed that $\sim(1-50)\%$ of the expected baryons are stored in a hot CGM within the virial radius. The large scatter is mainly caused by the very uncertain extrapolation of the hot gas density profile based on the detection in a small radial range (typically within 10\%-20\% of the virial radius). Here we report stacking X-ray observations of six local isolated massive spiral galaxies from the CGM-MASS sample. We find that the mean density profile can be characterized by a single power law out to a galactocentric radius of $\approx 200\rm~kpc$ (or $\approx130\rm~kpc$ above the 1~$σ$ background uncertainty), about half the virial radius of the dark matter halo. We can now estimate that the hot CGM within the virial radius accounts for $(8\pm4)\%$ of the baryonic mass expected for the halos. Including the stars, the baryon fraction is $(27\pm16)\%$, or $(39\pm20)\%$ by assuming a flattened density profile at $r\gtrsim130\rm~kpc$. We conclude that the hot baryons within the virial radius of massive galaxy halos are insufficient to explain the "missing baryons".
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication by ApJL
Gletscherbeobachtung und globale Trends
Creators: name: Paul, Frank
name: Hoelzle, Martin
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Glacier monitoring, glacier global trends, cryosphere, glacier mountain, contribution to sea-level rise, climate indicator, water reserve

description: Gletscher sind ein wichtiges Element der Kryosphäre und in den Hochgebirgen der Erde weit verbreitet. Ihr Beitrag zum Meeresspiegelanstieg sowie ihre Bedeutung als Klimazeiger, Wasserspeicher und -spender, sind allgemein bekannt. Sie werden seit über 100 Jahren systematisch vermessen und erlauben uns damit, das heutige Klima im Kontext der Vergangenheit zu sehen. Die lokalen Beobachtungen im Feld werden zunehmend mit Fernerkundungsdaten ergänzt, welche eine regionale Perspektive bieten und ganze Gebirgsräume abdecken. Das erlaubt eine sehr viel genauere Hochrechnung ihrer Änderungen. Die Beobachtungen zeigen, dass die Gletscher weltweit in rasantem Tempo schmelzen, sich der Abfluss verändert und sie massiv zum Meeresspiegelanstieg beitragen. Zudem verändert sich das Potenzial für Naturgefahren. In Zukunft wird die Vermessung der Gletscher immer schwieriger, da sie vielerorts zerfallen oder sich in Schuttfelder verwandeln. Glacier monitoring and global trends: Glaciers are important elements of the cryosphere that can be found in many high mountain regions on Earth. Their contribution to sea-level rise as well as their importance as a climate indicator, water reserve and resource are well known. They are systematically observed for more than 100 years and allow us to interpret current climatic conditions in the context of the past. The local observations in the field are increasingly complemented by remote sensing based data, which provide a regional perspective by covering entire mountain ranges. This allows for a much better extrapolation of their changes. The observations show that glaciers are melting at a rapid pace worldwide, with changes in runoff and a massive contribution to sea-level rise. In addition, the potential for natural hazards is also changing. In the future, it will be more and more difficult to measure glaciers, as they will disintegrate in many places or turn into scree.
The renormalization group for non-renormalizable theories: Einstein gravity with a scalar field
Creators: name: Barvinsky, A. O.
name: Kamenshchik, A. Yu.
name: Karmazin, I. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a renormalization-group formalism for non-renormalizable theories and apply it to Einstein gravity theory coupled to a scalar field with the Lagrangian $L=\sqrt{g} [R U(ϕ)-{1/2} G(ϕ) g^{μν} \partial_μϕ\partial_νϕ- V(ϕ)]$, where $U(ϕ), G(ϕ)$ and $V(ϕ)$ are arbitrary functions of the scalar field. We calculate the one-loop counterterms of this theory and obtain a system of renormalization-group equations in partial derivatives for the functions $U, G$ and $V$ playing the role of generalized charges which substitute for the usual charges in multicharge theories. In the limit of a large but slowly varying scalar field and small spacetime curvature this system gives the asymptotic behaviour of the generalized charges compatible with the conventional choice of these functions in quantum cosmological applications. It also demonstrates in the over-Planckian domain the existence of the Weyl-invariant phase of gravity theory asymptotically free in gravitational and cosmological constants.
description: 54 pages, preprint Alberta Thy-6-93, latex
The Risk of Mixed Laws: The Example of Indirect Agency under Chinese Contract Law
Creators: name: Ling, Bing
name: Wolff, Lutz-Christian
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2002

description: In recent years mixed jurisdictions have become a subject of considerable academic discussion. The term mixed jurisdictions is generally used for legal systems which are based on different legal traditions. The analysis of mixed jurisdictions normally refers to the development and operation of mixed legal systems. The mixing of structures and legal institutions from different backgrounds, however, is not only a development of the past. On the contrary, due to the trend towards internationalization all legal systems of the world are mixing in one way or another. Due diligence now requires legislative bodies to study foreign and international models when creating new laws in order to learn from other countries’ experience and to find the most suitable legislative solution. In practice, legislators, especially in emerging legal systems, usually look at legal structures which have already proven successful in other jurisdictions in order to avoid the painful experience of discovering legislative deficiencies only after the enactment of a new law. Sometimes laws which are already in force abroad are taken over in toto. Other times drafters of new legislation decide to adapt various concepts derived from different foreign systems, i.e. to ‘mix’ them, in order to combine their advantages by way of ‘legislative cherry picking. In the latter case, the characteristics of mixed jurisdictions are mirrored on a micro level in the new ‘mixed law’.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2002)