cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figures from Embryonic stem cells become functionally sensitive to mechanical stress upon exit from naive pluripotency
Creators: name: C. M. Verstreken
name: C. Labouesse
name: C. C. Agley
name: K. J. Chalut
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biophysics
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

description: Stem cell fate decisions are driven by a broad array of signals, both chemical and mechanical. Although much progress has been made in our understanding of the impact of chemical signals on cell fate choice, much less is known about the role and influence of mechanical signalling, particularly in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Many studies use substrates with different stiffness to study mechanical signalling, but changing substrate stiffness can induce secondary effects which are difficult to disentangle from the direct effects of forces/mechanical signals. To probe the direct impact of mechanical stress on cells, we developed an adaptable cell substrate stretcher to exert specific, reproducible forces on cells. Using this device to test the response of ES cells to tensile strain, we found that cells experienced a transient influx of calcium followed by an upregulation of the so-called immediate and early genes. On longer timescales, however, ES cells in naive pluripotent conditions were largely insensitive to mechanical stress. Nonetheless, as ES cells exited the naive state, their susceptibility to mechanical signals increased, resulting in broad transcriptional changes. Our findings suggest that exit from naive pluripotency is unaffected by mechanical signals, but that these signals could become important during the next stage of lineage specification. A better understanding of this process could improve our understanding of cell fate choice in early development and improve protocols for differentiation guided by mechanical cues.
Mechanocatalytic conversion of (Ligno)cellulosic biomass: kinematic modelling of the milling process and experimental methods for product valorisation
Creators: name: Kessler, Martin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable feedstock that could replace fossil resources to produce valuable chemicals and biofuels. However, the conversion of lignocellulose requires sophisticated pretreatment processes to efficiently depolymerise and separate its polymeric components (i.e. lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose). In this framework, the mechanocatalytic depolymerisation (MCD) of biomass has emerged as a promising method. Ball-milling of an acid-impregnated substrate generates highly depolymerised, water-soluble products (WSP), which can be further hydrolysed under low severity conditions to provide two isolated streams: depolymerised lignin and C5/6 sugars. Despite these promising results, the mechanisms underlying MCD are poorly understood, and additional product separation and purification methods must be developed to exploit the full potential of MCD on an industrial scale. In this Thesis, kinematic modelling approaches were applied to three different ball mills to estimate the mechanical energy transferred to the substrate during the MCD process. Experimental setups using varied milling parameters revealed crucial correlations between the apparent energy transfer and WSP formation during the processing of α-cellulose and beechwood. The results highlight the fundamental importance of the geometry, working principle and process settings of a ball mill for its effectiveness in momentum transfer. Furthermore, this Thesis investigates the separation of the WSP through adsorption on a benzene-derived microporous organic polymer (MOP). The selective recovery of the adsorbed material by desorbing the polymer with solvents of different polarity in sequence represents an alternative technique to effectively fractionate the WSP according to their molecular weight, elemental composition and lignin content. Finally, this Thesis presents an effective technique to purify the sugar stream produced by the MCD of lignocellulose and subsequent hydrolysis for biotechnological applications. Thereby, the reusable benzene MOP was used to selectively adsorb furfurals and phenolic lignin residues, which have proven as toxic inhibitors for microbial activity, yielding high-quality sugars for ethanol fermentation.
Supplementary Figures from Spatially variant microstructured adhesive with one-way friction.
Creators: name: Srinivasan A. Suresh
name: Capella F. Kerst
name: Cutkosky, Mark R.
name: Hawkes, Elliot W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 30402 Biomolecular Modelling and Design
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Supplementary figures detailing modeling, manufacturing, and other data.
La Edición Digital de Fernando Pessoa: consideraciones sobre las ediciones digitales como archivos abiertos
Creators: name: Henny-Krahmer, Ulrike
name: Uribe, Jorge
name: Sepúlveda, Pedro
name: Rebelo do Carmo, Inês
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: edición digital
archivo digital
TEI
literatura portuguesa
Fernando Pessoa

description: Presentación en el V congreso de la HDH “Scire Vias. Humanidades Digitales y Conocimiento”. Santiago de
 Compostela, España, 7 de octubre de 2021, sobre "La Edición Digital de Fernando Pessoa: consideraciones sobre las
 ediciones digitales como archivos abiertos." Vea el programa de la conferencia.
Wnt2 Coordinates the Commitment of Mesoderm to Hematopoietic, Endothelial, and Cardiac Lineages in Embryoid Bodies
Creators: name: Bautch, Victoria L.
name: Wang, Hong
name: Wang, Da Zhi
name: Patterson, Cam
name: Wainwright, Brandon J.
name: Gilner, Jennifer B.
name: Kirby, Suzanne L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Our recent gene expression profiling analyses demonstrated that Wnt2 is highly expressed in Flk1(+) cells, which serve as common progenitors of endothelial cells, blood cells, and mural cells. In this report, we characterize the role of Wnt2 in mesoderm development during embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation by creating ES cell lines in which Wnt2 was deleted. Wnt2(-/-) embryoid bodies (EBs) generated increased numbers of Flk1(+) cells and blast colony-forming cells compared with wild-type EBs, and had higher Flk1 expression at comparable stages of differentiation. Although Flk1(+) cells were increased, we found that endothelial cell and terminal cardiomyocyte differentiation was impaired, but hematopoietic cell differentiation was enhanced and smooth muscle cell differentiation was unchanged in Wnt2(-/-) EBs. Later stage Wnt2(-/-) EBs had either lower or undetectable expression of endothelial and cardiac genes compared with wild-type EBs. Consistently, vascular plexi were poorly formed and neither beating cardiomyocytes nor alpha-actinin-staining cells were detectable in later stage Wnt2(-/-) EBs. In contrast, hematopoietic cell gene expression was upregulated, and the number of hematopoietic progenitor colonies was significantly enhanced in Wnt2(-/-) EBs. Our data indicate that Wnt2 functions at multiple stages of development during ES cell differentiation and during the commitment and diversification of mesoderm: as a negative regulator for hemangioblast differentiation and hematopoiesis but alternatively as a positive regulator for endothelial and terminal cardiomyocyte differentiation.
Standard Model Effective Field Theory: Integrating out a Generic Scalar
Creators: name: Chiang, Cheng-Wei
name: Huo, Ran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider renormalisable models extended in the scalar sector by a generic scalar field in addition to the standard model Higgs boson field, and work out the effective theory for the latter in the decoupling limit. We match the full theory onto the effective theory at tree and one-loop levels, and concentrate on dimension-6 operators of the Higgs and electroweak gauge fields induced from such matching. The Wilson coefficients of these dimension-6 operators from tree-level matching are further improved by renormalisation group running. For specific $SU(2)_L$ representations of the scalar field, some "accidental" couplings with the Higgs field are allowed and can lead to dimension-6 operators at tree and/or one-loop level. Otherwise, two types of interaction terms are identified to have only one-loop contributions, for the Wilson coefficients of which we have obtained a general formula. Using the obtained results, we analyse constraints from electroweak oblique parameters and the Higgs data on several phenomenological models.
description: corrections on RGE improvement
(1519) Beatrix Yvonne Alice [Abbay]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Development of a PHA-based stem cell patch for the treatment of heart failure
Creators: name: Majid, Qasim
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Through the restoration of contractile myocardial tissue, cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) aims to prevent post-myocardial infarction (MI) mediated functional decline towards heart failure. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have been investigated in this endeavour although their structural and functional immaturity raises questions about their arrhythmogenicity. This thesis investigates the development of a cardiac patch designed to deliver adult-like hPSC-CMs and hPSC-endothelial cells (hPSC-ECs) to the infarcted left ventricular (LV) myocardium to undertake cardiac regeneration. Owing to their biocompatibility and ductility, medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL-PHAs) were generated via bacterial fermentation and subjected to melt electrospinning writing (MEW), a novel fabrication technique optimised to generate reproducible; structurally anisotropic scaffolds from the high molecular weight MCL-PHA, poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-hydroxydecanoate) [P(3HO-co-HD)]. hPSC-CMs adhered to these MEW-PHA scaffolds without the need for preconditioning with an ECM protein and achieved improved structural and functional maturation within one week of culture, as evidenced by aligned hPSC-CMs containing larger sarcomeres and by improved calcium handling kinetics, respectively. hPSC-ECs derived from existing differentiation protocols displayed phenotypic instability thereby limiting their use in CTE solutions. Hence, a scalable, suspension culture driven endothelial differentiation protocol was devised which, in conjunction with long-term VEGF supplementation, generated stable microvasculature-like hPSC-ECs. Culture conditions conducive to the proliferative and angiogenic capacity of these hPSC-ECs were identified and employed to directly co-culture hPSC-CMs and hPSC-ECs on the MEW-PHA scaffolds. The cardiac patch was subsequently derived through the layering of these scaffolds and evaluated in an immunodeficient mouse model of MI. Different cellular compositions of the cardiac patch were tested and although patches containing both hPSC-derived cells restored capillary density within the infarcted myocardium to pre-MI levels, post-MI cardiac function was not significantly improved by the different patch compositions. Further development of this PHA-based stem cell patch is therefore required to restore the LV function of the infarcted heart.
Animal Type 1 Cryptochromes: ANALYSIS OF THE REDOX STATE OF THE FLAVIN COFACTOR BY SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS
Creators: name: Sancar, Aziz
name: Song, Sang Hun
name: Öztürk, Nuri
name: Selby, Christopher P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: It has recently been realized that animal cryptochromes (CRYs) fall into two broad groups. Type 1 CRYs, the prototype of which is the Drosophila CRY, that is known to be a circadian photoreceptor. Type 2 CRYs, the prototypes of which are human CRY 1 and CRY 2, are known to function as core clock proteins. The mechanism of photosignaling by the Type 1 CRYs is not well understood. We recently reported that the flavin cofactor of the Type 1 CRY of the monarch butterfly may be in the form of flavin anion radical, FAD(*-), in vivo. Here we describe the purification and characterization of wild-type and mutant forms of Type 1 CRYs from fruit fly, butterfly, mosquito, and silk moth. Cryptochromes from all four sources contain FAD(ox) when purified, and the flavin is readily reduced to FAD(*-) by light. Interestingly, mutations that block photoreduction in vitro do not affect the photoreceptor activities of these CRYs, but mutations that reduce the stability of FAD(*-) in vitro abolish the photoreceptor function of Type 1 CRYs in vivo. Collectively, our data provide strong evidence for functional similarities of Type 1 CRYs across insect species and further support the proposal that FAD(*-) represents the ground state and not the excited state of the flavin cofactor in Type 1 CRYs.
Supplementary Figures from Spatially variant microstructured adhesive with one-way friction
Creators: name: Srinivasan A. Suresh
name: Capella F. Kerst
name: Cutkosky, Mark R.
name: Hawkes, Elliot W.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 30402 Biomolecular Modelling and Design
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Supplementary figures detailing modeling, manufacturing, and other data.
CGC/saturation approach for soft interactions at high energy: inclusive production
Creators: name: Gotsman, E.
name: Levin, E.
name: Maor, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we demonstrate that our dipole model is successful in describing the inclusive production within the same framework as diffractive physics. We believe that this achievement stems from the fact that our approach incorporates the positive features of the Reggeon approach and CGC/saturation effective theory, for high energy QC
description: 8 pages, 6 figures in.eps files
Propagation dynamics of vortices in Helico-Conical optical beams
Creators: name: Bareza, Nestor
name: Hermosa, Nathaniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the dynamics of optical vortices (OVs) that came from the propagation of helico-conical optical beam. This dynamics is investigated numerically by tracking the OVs at several distances using rigorous scalar diffraction theory. To ensure that our numerical calculations are correct, we compare the intensity profiles and their corresponding interferograms taken at different propagation distances between simulations and experiments. We observe that the peripheral isopolar vortices transport radially inward, toward the optical axis along the transverse spatial space as the beam propagates. When the beam has a central vortex, these vortices have significant induced angular rates of motion about the optical axis. These propagation dynamics of vortices influence the internal energy flow and the wave profile reconstruction of the beam, which can be important when deciding their applications.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures; accepted for publication in Optics Communications
Natural leptogenesis and neutrino masses with two Higgs doublets
Creators: name: Clarke, Jackson D.
name: Foot, Robert
name: Volkas, Raymond R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minimal Type I see-saw model cannot explain the observed neutrino masses and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via hierarchical thermal leptogenesis without ceding naturalness. We show that this conclusion can be avoided by adding a second Higgs doublet with $\tanβ\gtrsim 4$. The models considered naturally accommodate a SM-like Higgs boson, and predict TeV-scale scalar states and low- to intermediate-scale hierarchical leptogenesis with $10^3\text{ GeV}\lesssim M_{N_1}\lesssim 10^8\text{ GeV}$.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, v2 minor changes plus updated references
Supplementary Figures 1 - 3 from Inter-generational consequences for growing C. elegans in liquid.
Creators: name: Lev, Itamar
name: Bril, Roberta
name: Yunan Liu
name: Ceré, Lucila Inés
name: Rechavi, Oded
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Figure S1. F1 progeny of liquid grown worms are longer irrespectively of the concentration in which their liquid-grown parents were grown. The normalized lengths of F1 progeny of worms grown in liquid in different concentrations (x-axis) and progeny of plate-grown controls are presented. The measured length is normalized to the corresponding control progeny of plate-grown worms. ****p-value <0.0001. One-way ANOVA, Sidak's multiple comparisons test. Error bars represent standard deviations.; Figure S2. Immobile mutant worms do not alter their morphology when grown in liquid, but their progeny are longer. (a) Representative photographs of plate- and liquid- grown wild type and unc-119 adult worms. (b) Quantification of the length of the parental unc-119 mutants grown either on plates or in liquid. The measured length was normalized to the corresponding control worms. Data from three independent biological repeats are presented (N>80). ****p-value<0.0001, Sidak's multiple comparisons test. (c) Plate-grown progeny of immobile unc-119 mutant worms are longer than plate grown controls. The length of F1 plate-grown progeny of liquid-grown worms and progeny of plate-grown controls are shown. The measured length was normalized to the corresponding control worms. Data from three independent biological repeats are presented (N>130 worms per group). The p-value was determined using Two-way ANOVA with the two categorical variables: A. condition (growth in liquid or on plates) and B. biological repeat. The biological condition factor is significant (p-value<0.0001). The biological repeat factor and interaction effect are also significant (p=0.0024 for both). The biological condition factor explains more variance (2.76%) than the biological repeat or the interaction effect factors (1%). ****p-value<0.0001, **p-value= 0.0027, Sidak's multiple comparisons test.; Figure S3. Linear regression analysis of growth rates of progeny of liquid-grown and control worms. Linear regression analysis of the length of progeny of liquid-grown worms and control worms at different time-points during the worm's development. While the intercepts are significantly different (p=0.022), the rate of growth, or regression coefficients are identical (p=0.7806). Error bars represent standard deviations.
Numerical modelling of aeronautical composite structure subjected to lightning strike phenomenon
Creators: name: Martín de la Escalera, Federico
name: Briones, Ignacio
name: Essa, Yasser
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking
European Union (EU)
Horizon 2020
EASN
Lightning

description: Increasing use of Composite Materials has multiple advantages, but these resist current flow that may damage airplane structure. This presentation addresses the numerical modelling of aeronautical composite structure subjected to lightning strike phenomenon. This project has received funding from the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement No 807097. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and the Clean Sky 2 JU members other than the Union. The results, opinions, conclusions, etc. presented in this work are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily represent the position of the JU; the JU is not responsible for any use made of the information contained herein.
Jesuits, Books, and 'Cultures of Text' in Early Modern China
Creators: name: Corsi, Elisabetta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Jesuits in China
History of the Book in China

description: Paper presented at the Symposium: Bringing Together China and the West: A Symposium to Celebrate the 60th Anniversary of the Chinese University of Hong Kong — The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library. Hong Kong, 10 February 2023.
description: Traditionally, historiography attributes a decisive role to the printing press in initiating modernity in Europe, although scholars are still reluctant to admit that it was not an exclusively European enterprise. In the mid-sixteenth century, when the first Jesuit missionaries entered China, they were deeply struck by the vibrancy of the Chinese publishing world, the low cost of books and their wide distribution and did not fail to account for it in the reports they periodically sent to Europe. In several books on exhibition at the Library of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, one can find a few such references. Let us consider, for example, Juan González de Mendoza's Historia del las cosas más notables, ritos y costumbres, del Gran Reyno de la China, the first book ever printed in Europe on the history of China, as well as Jean Baptiste Du Halde, The General History of China. Both Mendoza and Du Halde extoll the technical accuracy of the Chinese printing. Unfortunately, such sources have long circulated only among sinologists, but have had little impact on book historians. As has been rightly noted, until historians of the book in Europe become fully acquainted with the level of sophistication and complexity achieved by Chinese printers long before Gutenberg (Henry D. Smith, II, Japaneseness and the History of the Book, "Monumenta Nipponica," 53, 4, 1998, pp. 499-514:501-2), a true dialogue between book historians in Europe and book historians in China cannot take place. This presentation attempts to offer a contribution to the construction of this dialogue by looking at the Jesuit project of integrating the curriculum for access to the civil service in China, revisited from the perspective of book history. Although the project remained unfinished, the presence of Jesuit texts in Chinese in imperial and private library collections, as well as the numerous reprints, indicate that missionaries were able to interact fruitfully with Chinese literati, even at the cost of generating misunderstandings with respect to their initial intentions. A few cases in point will be shown. The presentation concludes with an invitation to adopt a less self-referential way of looking at cross-cultural contacts, and to examine these misunderstandings not as failures but as creative appropriations generating new knowledge.
Improving low latency applications for reconfigurable devices
Creators: name: Denholm, Stewart
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: This thesis seeks to improve low latency application performance via architectural improvements in reconfigurable devices. This is achieved by improving resource utilisation and access, and by exploiting the different environments within which reconfigurable devices are deployed. Our first contribution leverages devices deployed at the network level to enable the low latency processing of financial market data feeds. Financial exchanges transmit messages via two identical data feeds to reduce the chance of message loss. We present an approach to arbitrate these redundant feeds at the network level using a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). With support for any messaging protocol, we evaluate our design using the NASDAQ TotalView-ITCH, OPRA, and ARCA data feed protocols, and provide two simultaneous outputs: one prioritising low latency, and one prioritising high reliability with three dynamically configurable windowing methods. Our second contribution is a new ring-based architecture for low latency, parallel access to FPGA memory. Traditional FPGA memory is formed by grouping block memories (BRAMs) together and accessing them as a single device. Our architecture accesses these BRAMs independently and in parallel. Targeting memory-based computing, which stores pre-computed function results in memory, we benefit low latency applications that rely on: highly-complex functions; iterative computation; or many parallel accesses to a shared resource. We assess square root, power, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions within the FPGA, and provide a tool to convert Python functions to our new architecture. Our third contribution extends the ring-based architecture to support any FPGA processing element. We unify E heterogeneous processing elements within compute pools, with each element implementing the same function, and the pool serving D parallel function calls. Our implementation-agnostic approach supports processing elements with different latencies, implementations, and pipeline lengths, as well as non-deterministic latencies. Compute pools evenly balance access to processing elements across the entire application, and are evaluated by implementing eight different neural network activation functions within an FPGA.
Evidence for Annexin II-S100A10 Complex and Plasmin in Mobilization of Cytokine Activity of Human TrpRS
Creators: name: Luo, Jiann Kae
name: Zhang, Dong Er
name: Myers, Christopher A.
name: Zhou, Quansheng
name: Liu, Jianming
name: Kapoor, Mili
name: Otero, Francella
name: Tzima, Eleni
name: Bates, Alison
name: Yang, Xiang Lei
name: Belani, Rajesh
name: Schimmel, Paul
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: In mammalian cells, specific aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases have cytokine functions that require interactions with partners outside of the translation apparatus. Little is known about these interactions and how they facilitate expanded functions that link protein translation to other cellular pathways. For example, an alternative splice fragment of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) and a similar natural proteolytic fragment are potent angiostatic factors that act through the vascular endothelial-cadherin receptor and Akt signaling pathway. Here we demonstrate mobilization of TrpRS for exocytosis from endothelial cells and the potential for plasmin to activate the cytokine function of the extracellular synthetase. Direct physical evidence showed that the annexin II-S100A10 complex, which regulates exocytosis, forms a ternary complex with TrpRS. Functional studies demonstrate that both annexin II and S100A10 regulate trafficking of TrpRS. Thus, complexes of mammalian tRNA synthetases with seemingly disparate proteins may in general be relevant to understanding how their expanded functions are implemented.
(1520) Ambrose Thomas Norman Abbay
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A note on the causal homotopy classes of a globally hyperbolic spacetime
Creators: name: Álvarez, Pablo Morales
name: Sánchez, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 53C50, Secondary: 83C05, 83C75

description: Globally hyperbolic spacetimes admitting infinitely many causal (and timelike) homotopy classes of curves joining two prescribed points, are exhibited and discussed.
description: Revised version with further physical motivations to appear in CQG. Latex, 11 pages, 3 figures
Operator focused case study from Resilience or robustness: identifying topological vulnerabilities in rail networks.
Creators: name: Pagani, Alessio
name: Mosquera, Guillem
name: Aseel Alturki
name: Johnson, Samuel
name: Jarvis, Stephen
name: Wilson, Alan
name: Weisi Guo
name: Varga, Liz
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 10199 Pure Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this operator focused case study it is shown how a single modification in the network structure could improve the performance of the rail network.
Optimising algorithm and hardware for deep neural networks on FPGAs
Creators: name: Fan, Hongxiang
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: This thesis proposes novel algorithm and hardware optimisation approaches to accelerate Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), including both Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Bayesian Neural Networks (BayesNNs). The first contribution of this thesis is to propose an adaptable and reconfigurable hardware design to accelerate CNNs. By analysing the computational patterns of different CNNs, a unified hardware architecture is proposed for both 2-Dimension and 3-Dimension CNNs. The accelerator is also designed with runtime adaptability, which adopts different parallelism strategies for different convolutional layers at runtime. The second contribution of this thesis is to propose a novel neural network architecture and hardware design co-optimisation approach, which improves the performance of CNNs at both algorithm and hardware levels. Our proposed three-phase co-design framework decouples network training from design space exploration, which significantly reduces the time-cost of the co-optimisation process. The third contribution of this thesis is to propose an algorithmic and hardware co-optimisation framework for accelerating BayesNNs. At the algorithmic level, three categories of structured sparsity are explored to reduce the computational complexity of BayesNNs. At the hardware level, we propose a novel hardware architecture with the aim of exploiting the structured sparsity for BayesNNs. Both algorithmic and hardware optimisations are jointly applied to push the performance limit.
Supplementary Figure 1. F1 progeny of liquid grown worms are longer irrespectively of the concentration in which their liquid-grown parents were grown. from Inter-generational consequences for growing C. elegans in liquid
Creators: name: Lev, Itamar
name: Bril, Roberta
name: Yunan Liu
name: Ceré, Lucila Inés
name: Rechavi, Oded
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The normalized lengths of F1 progeny of worms grown in liquid in different concentrations (x-axis) and progeny of plate-grown controls are presented. The measured length is normalized to the corresponding control progeny of plate-grown worms. ****p-value <0.0001. One-way ANOVA, Sidak's multiple comparisons test. Error bars represent standard deviations.
On distributed ledger technology for the internet of things: design and applications
Creators: name: Cullen, Andrew
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Distributed ledger technology (DLT) can used to store information in such a way that no individual or organisation can compromise its veracity, contrary to a traditional centralised ledger. This nascent technology has received a great deal of attention from both researchers and practitioners in recent years due to the vast array of open questions related to its design and the assortment novel applications it unlocks. In this thesis, we are especially interested in the design of DLTs suitable for application in the domain of the internet of things (IoT), where factors such as efficiency, performance and scalability are of paramount importance. This work confronts the challenges of designing IoT-oriented distributed ledgers through analysis of ledger properties, development of design tools and the design of a number of core protocol components. We begin by introducing a class of DLTs whose data structures consist of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and which possess properties that make them particularly well suited to IoT applications. With a focus on the DAG structure, we then present analysis through mathematical modelling and simulations which provides new insights to the properties of this class of ledgers and allows us to propose novel security enhancements. Next, we shift our focus away from the DAG structure itself to another open problem for DAG-based distributed ledgers, that of access control. Specifically, we present a networking approach which removes the need for an expensive and inefficient mechanism known as Proof of Work, solving an open problem for IoT-oriented distributed ledgers. We then draw upon our analysis of the DAG structure to integrate and test our new access control with other core components of the DLT. Finally, we present a mechanism for orchestrating the interaction between users of a DLT and its operators, seeking to improves the usability of DLTs for IoT applications. In the appendix, we present two projects also carried out during this PhD which showcase applications of this technology in the IoT domain.
Icing or cake? Grant competitions as a model for funding chronic disease prevention in Tasmania, Australia
Creators: name: Loblay, V
name: Garvey, Kate
name: Shiell, Alan
name: Kavanagh, S
name: Hawe, P
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Competitive grant funding is a well-established mechanism for generating activity and interventions in the field of chronic disease prevention. Yet grant competitions may be burdensome for organizations, and money may not be enough to bring about lasting change in communities. In this study, we explore the dynamics of awarding and receiving money in the context of a state-level government grant competition to support community organizations and promote community-driven action for health and well-being in Tasmania, Australia. Drawing on reflections of successful grant recipients and real-Time observation of grant decision-making, we consider the role and value of grant competitions both for individual organizations and for generating broader change processes. We found that grant competitions operated according to an 'icing-on-The-cake' approach to funding, whereby money was provided for extra activities and new initiatives. In this way, the grant competition was valuable not only for stimulating new programme activities but also to effect broader organizational change, such as developing planning capacity, igniting new directions and pushing organizations towards 'health'-focused activities. But for smaller organizations, grant funding was often stretched to support core work (i.e. cake rather than icing). Grants targeting specific focus areas could be a drain on resources if they diverted staff time away from core activities. We suggest an alternative approach to funding in which grants are able to be more responsive to the needs of community organizations and the support they require, as well as to desired outcomes. We describe the policy response to the results to date.
Generation of Insulin-secreting Islet-like Clusters from Human Skin Fibroblasts
Creators: name: Taranova, Olena
name: He, Jin
name: Liang, Gaoyang
name: D'Alessio, Ana C.
name: Tateishi, Keisuke
name: Zhang, Yi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Increasing evidence suggests that islet cell transplantation for patients with type I diabetes holds great promise for achieving insulin independence. However, the extreme shortage of matched organ donors and the necessity for chronic immunosuppression has made it impossible for this treatment to be used for the general diabetic population. Recent success in generating insulin-secreting islet-like cells from human embryonic stem (ES) cells, in combination with the success in deriving human ES cell-like induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human fibroblasts by defined factors, have raised the possibility that patient-specific insulin-secreting islet-like cells might be derived from somatic cells through cell fate reprogramming using defined factors. Here we confirm that human ES-like iPS cells can be derived from human skin cells by retroviral expression of OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4. Importantly, using a serum-free protocol, we successfully generated insulin-producing islet-like clusters (ILCs) from the iPS cells under feeder-free conditions. We demonstrate that, like human ES cells, skin fibroblast-derived iPS cells have the potential to be differentiated into islet-like clusters through definitive and pancreatic endoderm. The iPS-derived ILCs not only contain C-peptide-positive and glucagon-positive cells but also release C-peptide upon glucose stimulation. Thus, our study provides evidence that insulin-secreting ILCs can be generated from skin fib
Health benefits of urban agriculture in countries of the Global North
Creators: name: Cruz-Piedrahita, Catalina
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Urban agriculture may benefit the health of those who practice it by encouraging healthier habits such as increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, physical activity, exposure to green spaces, and social interaction. These habits may also act synergistically to improve health above and beyond that expected if the impacts of these habits were additive. The pathways by which urban agriculture may impact health and any potential synergies between healthy behaviours remains under-explored. METHODS: A literature review informed the development of a conceptual model describing mechanisms by which urban agriculture has the potential to improve population health. A survey of 625 UK urban horticulturalists was undertaken to compare participants’ healthy behaviours and health status with the general urban population represented by UK’s large UK Biobank cohort (N∼500,000). The cohort was additionally used to evaluate interactions between healthy behaviours and any synergistic effects of these on health markers. RESULTS: Urban horticulturalists were found to display healthier behaviours (fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, and time outdoors (or greenspace exposure) than the general UK population sample. However, this was not necessarily reflected in health markers (Bodymass index (BMI), medication use, loneliness, happiness, and self-health assessment). In contrast, evidence for synergies between healthy behaviours was found and these relationships are complex. Individually, the lifestyle behaviours: fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity positively correlate with health markers, but greenspace exposure does not. The interaction between fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity is also associated with good health markers. Still, when greenspace exposure is included, the associations are lost or, in some cases, are negatively associated. I showed that interactions between healthy behaviours are not simple with respect to synergistic effects: the relationships are not constant and vary depending on the level or state of the interacting lifestyle behaviours. CONCLUSION: Urban agriculture has a clear potential to improve different health behaviours, and furthermore, these behaviours may act synergistically to either the further improvement of, or detriment to, health. With logical and systematic planning, urban agriculture can thus be seen as an effective and efficient approach to improve urban living and the health of urban populations in developed countries.
Type Ia Supernova Remnants: Shaping by Iron Bullets
Creators: name: Tsebrenko, Danny
name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using 2D numerical hydrodynamical simulations of type Ia supernova remnants (SNR Ia) we show that iron clumps few times denser than the rest of the SN ejecta might form protrusions in an otherwise spherical SNR. Such protrusions exist in some SNR Ia, e.g., SNR 1885 and Tycho. Iron clumps are expected to form in the deflagration to detonation explosion model. In SNR Ia where there are two opposite protrusions, termed ears, such as Kepler's SNR and SNR G1.9+0.3, our scenario implies that the dense clumps, or iron bullets, were formed along an axis. Such a preferred axis can result from a rotating white dwarf progenitor. If our claim holds, this offers an important clue to the SN Ia explosion scenario.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
(1521) Henry Ernest Heydemann
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Robust data testing from Resilience or robustness: identifying topological vulnerabilities in rail networks.
Creators: name: Pagani, Alessio
name: Mosquera, Guillem
name: Aseel Alturki
name: Johnson, Samuel
name: Jarvis, Stephen
name: Wilson, Alan
name: Weisi Guo
name: Varga, Liz
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 10199 Pure Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The rail performance statistics used in this paper are relative to the year 2016/17, here we show this is not a spurious result by using alternative years data.
Structural Relationship between On-farm Performance and New Farming Entry Barriers
Creators: name: Ma, Sangjin
name: Ma, Sangjin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: new farming
subject: entry barriers
subject: structural equation model

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the cross-validation of a structural model among four new farming entry barriers and on-farm performances, and identify farm successors' entry barrier premium against startup farmers. For the purposes, survey data was gathered from 126 startup farmer and 185 farm successors, and the data was analysed by a structural equation model. The study classified new farmers into two groups(startup farmers/inherited farmer), and examined invariance of the model across the groups. In addition, the intercepts of endogenous latent variables including social network, professional competency, economic capital and market were compared. Based on the results from a multi-group analysis, first the model verified configural invariance and invariance of measurement weight, measurement intercept, and structural weight. Consequently, the cross-validation was supported. Second, social network affected the other entry barriers, and also had a relatively high indirect effect on on-farm performance. It implied that social capital formation was particularly important for setting up new farmers. Third, with social network held constant across groups, the entry barrier score of farm successor group increased professional competency score by 0.358 and economic capital score by 0.426, but decreased market score by 0.489. This result might be assumed for family farm propensity and farming background.
Glueball Production via Gluonic Penguin B Decays
Creators: name: He, Xiao-Gang
name: Yuan, Tzu-Chiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study glueball $G$ production in gluonic penguin decay $B\to G + X_s$, using the next-to-leading order $b\to s g^*$ gluonic penguin interaction and effective couplings of a glueball to two perturbative gluons. Subsequent decays of a scalar glueball are described by using techniques of effective chiral Lagrangian to incorporate the interaction between a glueball and pseudoscalar mesons. Mixing effects between the pure glueball with other mesons are considered. Identifying the $f_0(1710)$ to be a scalar glueball, we find that both the top and charm penguin to be important and obtain a sizable branching ratio for $B\to f_0(1710) + X_s$ of order $1.3\times 10^{-4} (f/0.07\mbox{GeV}^{-1})^2$, where the effective coupling strength $f$ is estimated to be $0.07$ GeV$^{-1}$ using experimental data for the branching ratio of $f_0(1710) \to K \overline K$ based on chiral Lagrangian estimate. An alternative perturbative QCD based estimation of $f$ is a factor of 20 larger, which would imply a much enhanced branching ratio. Glueball production from this rare semi-inclusive $B$ decay can be probed at the LHCb and Belle II to narrow down the allowed parameter space. Similar branching ratio is expected for the pseudoscalar glueball. We also briefly comment on the case of vector and tensor glueballs.
description: Latex 14 pages with 2 figures. Significant update from the older version of arXiv:hep-ph/0612108. Version to appear in Eur. Phys. J. C
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EUPHEMISMS AND DYSPHEMISMS IN THE FRENCH LANGUAGE
Creators: name: Juraeva, Nilufar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The usage of euphemism in the French language, like in all other languages, is closely related to the taboo phenomenon in historical and ethnographic events. Euphemism is related to the level of customs, social norms, aesthetic taste, and the development of ethnic characteristics among people. With the progress of language, its euphemistic aspect also develops. Euphemism and dysphemism are opposite concepts. Euphemism hides and softens words that are considered "taboo", "restricted", or "offensive", while dysphemism, on the contrary, intensifies and emphasizes words and expressions that are considered vulgar, rude, derogatory, or obscene. This article discusses the concepts of euphemism, taboo, dysphemism, and the relationship between euphemistic-dysphemistic pairs in linguistics, especially in French linguistics.