cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Renal systems biology of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Creators: name: McDunn, Jonathan E.
name: Jaehne, Anja K.
name: Rivers, Emanuel P.
name: Mohney, Robert P.
name: Mayer, Eric S.
name: Cairns, Charles B.
name: van Velkinburgh, Jennifer C.
name: Glickman, Seth W.
name: Glew, Robert H.
name: Sopori, Mohan L.
name: Otero, Ronny M.
name: Langley, Raymond J.
name: Woods, Christopher W.
name: Harrod, Kevin S.
name: Willig, Laurel K.
name: Kingsmore, Stephen F.
name: Rice, Brandon J.
name: Miller, Neil A.
name: Dinwiddie, Darrell L.
name: Tsalik, Ephraim L.
name: Fowler, Vance G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: A systems biology approach was used to comprehensively examine the impact of renal disease and hemodialysis (HD) on patient response during critical illness. To achieve this we examined the metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome of 150 patients with critical illness, stratified by renal function. Quantification of plasma metabolites indicated greater change as renal function declined, with the greatest derangements in patients receiving chronic HD. Specifically, 6 uremic retention molecules, 17 other protein catabolites, 7 modified nucleosides, and 7 pentose phosphate sugars increased as renal function declined, consistent with decreased excretion or increased catabolism of amino acids and ribonucleotides. Similarly, the proteome showed increased levels of low-molecular weight proteins and acute phase reactants. The transcriptome revealed a broad-based decrease in mRNA levels among patients on HD. Systems integration revealed an unrecognized association between plasma RNASE1 and several RNA catabolites and modified nucleosides. Further, allantoin, N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide, and n-acetylaspartate were inversely correlated with the majority of significantly down-regulated genes. Thus, renal function broadly affected the plasma metabolome, proteome, and peripheral blood transcriptome during critical illness; changes not effectively mitigated by hemodialysis. These studies allude to several novel mechanisms whereby renal dysfunction contributes to critical illness.
Το μέλλον στην αντιμετώπιση του σακχαρώδη διαβήτη και των επιπλοκών του
Creators: name: Κασότας, Αθανάσιος Αποστόλου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2023
Subjects: Σακχαρώδης διαβήτης
Μέλλον
Αντιμετώπιση
Diabetes mellitus
Future
Treatment

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης, είναι μέσα από την ανασκόπηση της διεθνούς βιβλιογραφίας να παρουσιαστούν συγκεντρωτικά όλες οι τρέχουσες και ιδίως οι μελλοντικές τεχνολογικές-φαρμακευτικές εξελίξεις και στόχοι αναφορικά με την αντιμετώπιση του σακχαρώδη διαβήτη και των επιπλοκών του. Ήδη το τελευταίο διάστημα έχουν έλθει στο προσκήνιο νέα φάρμακα, τόσο για τον σακχαρώδη διαβήτη τύπου 2, όπως η τιρζεπατίδη, όσο και για τον σακχαρώδη διαβήτη τύπου 1, όπως η τεπλιζουμάμπη και πολλά περισσότερα βρίσκονται σε στάδιο δοκιμών. Με τη πρόοδο της βιοτεχνολογίας και της γενετικής, καθίσταται εφικτή αφενός η κατανόηση σε βάθος του παθοφυσιολογικού μηχανισμού του νοσήματος, αφετέρου ο εντοπισμός νέων θεραπευτικών στόχων, που και θα οδηγήσουν στον σχεδιασμό νέων φαρμάκων, με δράση είτε πάνω σε ένζυμα και πρωτεΐνες, είτε ακόμη και στο ίδιο το γενετικό υλικό. Ακόμη η εξέλιξη και αναβάθμιση των μεταμοσχεύσεων στο πάγκρεας, τόσο νησιδίων όσο και βλαστοκυττάρων, η χρήση νανοφορέων και η τελειοποίηση των αυτοματοποιημένων συστημάτων χορήγησης ινσουλίνης και των συσκευών συνεχούς καταγραφής γλυκόζης, ανοίγουν πλέον το δρόμο για την απελευθέρωση των διαβητικών ασθενών από το φορτίο των καθημερινών ενέσεων και μετρήσεων, στοχεύοντας πάντα στην επίτευξη βέλτιστου γλυκαιμικού ελέγχου και τη βελτίωση της ποιότητας ζωής τους.
description: The purpose of the present study is, through the review of the literature, to present all the current and especially the future technological-pharmaceutical developments and goals regarding the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Recently, new drugs have been developed, both for type 2 diabetes, such as tirzepatide, and for type 1 diabetes, such as teplizumab, and many more are being tested in clinical trials. With the progress of biotechnology and genetics, it becomes possible on the one hand to understand in depth the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease, on the other hand to identify new therapeutic targets, which will lead to the design of new drugs, with action either on enzymes and proteins, or even in the genetic material itself. Furthermore, the development and upgrading of both islet and stem cell pancreatic transplants, the use of nanocarriers and the refinement of automated insulin delivery systems and continuous glucose monitoring devices now pave the way for freeing diabetic patients from the burden of daily injections and measurements, always aiming to achieve optimal glycemic control and to improve their quality of life.
Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study suggest that low serum magnesium is associated with incident kidney disease
Creators: name: Tin, Adrienne
name: Selvin, Elizabeth
name: Grams, Morgan E.
name: Kao, Wen Hong Linda
name: Couper, David
name: Astor, Brad C.
name: Coresh, Josef
name: Maruthur, Nisa M.
name: Mosley, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Low serum magnesium has been associated with kidney function decline in persons with diabetes as well as cardiovascular disease in the general population. Since the association of serum magnesium with incident kidney disease in the general population is unknown, we assessed this in 13,226 participants (aged 45 to 65) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of at least 60 ml/min/1.73m2 in years 1987–89 and followed through 2010. The risks for incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) associated with baseline total serum magnesium levels were evaluated using Cox regression. There were 1,965 CKD and 208 ESRD events during a median follow-up of 21 years. In adjusted analysis, low serum magnesium levels (0.7mmol/L or less) had significant associations with incident CKD and ESRD compared with the highest quartile with adjusted hazard ratio of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.35–1.87) for CKD and 2.39 (95% CI: 1.61–3.56) for ESRD. These associations remained significant after excluding users of diuretics and across subgroups stratified by hypertension, diabetes, and self-reported race. Thus, in a large sample of middle-aged adults, low total serum magnesium was independently associated with incident CKD and ESRD. Further studies are needed to determine whether modification of serum magnesium levels might alter subsequent incident kidney disease rates.
PPT-inducing, distillation-prohibiting, and entanglement-binding quantum channels
Creators: name: Filippov, Sergey N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement degradation in open quantum systems is reviewed in the Choi-Jamiołkowski representation of linear maps. In addition to physical processes of entanglement dissociation and entanglement annihilation, we consider quantum dynamics transforming arbitrary input states into those that remain positive under partial transpose (PPT-inducing channels). Such evolutions form a convex subset of distillation-prohibiting channels. A relation between the above channels and entanglement-binding ones is clarified. An example of the distillation-prohibiting map $Φ\otimesΦ$ is given, where $Φ$ is not entanglement binding.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Discrete curvature on graphs from the effective resistance
Creators: name: Devriendt, Karel
name: Lambiotte, Renaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53A70, 52C99, 05C10, 05C50, 53Z50, 05C90

description: This article introduces a new approach to discrete curvature based on the concept of effective resistances. We propose a curvature on the nodes and links of a graph and present the evidence for their interpretation as a curvature. Notably, we find a relation to a number of well-established discrete curvatures (Ollivier, Forman, combinatorial curvature) and show evidence for convergence to continuous curvature in the case of Euclidean random graphs. Being both efficient to calculate and highly amenable to theoretical analysis, these resistance curvatures have the potential to shed new light on the theory of discrete curvature and its many applications in mathematics, network science, data science and physics.
description: 37 pages, 7 figures. Updates in this version: Section 3.2 added, Appendix B added, Figure 3 extended, Proof of Proposition 2 corrected
Additional file 3 of Phenotypic insecticide resistance status of the Culex pipiens complex: a European perspective
Creators: name: Vereecken, Stien
name: Vanslembrouck, Adwine
name: Kramer, Isabelle Marie
name: Müller, Ruth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Insecticide resistance tested via WHO susceptibility tests in Belgium, Egypt, Greece, Iran, Italy, Morocco, Spain and Turkey.
RGS4 inhibits angiotensin II signaling and macrophage localization during renal reperfusion injury independent of vasospasm
Creators: name: Jin, Xiaohua
name: Muslin, Anthony J.
name: Bonventre, Joseph V.
name: Farley, Michelle
name: Roy, Nilay
name: Chin, Matthew S.
name: Pang, Paul
name: Chung, Joseph
name: von Andrian, Ulrich H.
name: Hoffman, Ryan J.
name: Proctor, Brandon M.
name: Vollmann, Elisabeth
name: Chauhan, Nikita
name: Mistri, Murti
name: Perro, Mario
name: Siedlecki, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Vascular inflammation is a major contributor to the severity of acute kidney injury. In the context of vasospasm-independent reperfusion injury we studied the potential anti-inflammatory role of the Gα-related RGS protein, RGS4. Transgenic RGS4 mice were resistant to 25 minute injury, although post-ischemic renal arteriolar diameter was equal to the wild type early after injury. A 10 minute unilateral injury was performed to study reperfusion without vasospasm. Eighteen hours after injury blood flow was decreased in the inner cortex of wild type mice with preservation of tubular architecture. Angiotensin II levels in the kidneys of wild type and transgenic mice were elevated in a sub-vasoconstrictive range 12 and 18 hours after injury. Angiotensin II stimulated pre-glomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to secrete the macrophage chemoattractant, RANTES; a process decreased by angiotensin II R2 (AT2) inhibition. However, RANTES increased when RGS4 expression was suppressed implicating Gα protein activation in an AT2-RGS4-dependent pathway. RGS4 function, specific to VSMC, was tested in a conditional VSMC-specific RGS4 knockout showing high macrophage density by T2 MRI compared to transgenic and non-transgenic mice after the 10 minute injury. Arteriolar diameter of this knockout was unchanged at successive time points after injury. Thus, RGS4 expression, specific to renal VSMC, inhibits angiotensin II-mediated cytokine signaling and macrophage recruitment during reperfusion, distinct from vasomotor regulation.
Symmetries and transport in site-dependently driven quantum lattices
Creators: name: Wulf, Thomas
name: Petri, Christoph
name: Liebchen, Benno
name: Schmelcher, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the quantum dynamics of particles in a spatiotemporally driven lattice. A powerful numerical scheme is developed, which provides us with the Floquet modes and thus enables a stroboscopic propagation of arbitrary initial states. A detailed symmetry analysis represents the cornerstone for an intricate manipulation of the Floquet spectrum. Specifically, we show how exact crossings can be converted into avoided ones, while the width of these resulting avoided crossings can be engineered by adjusting parameters of the local driving. Asymptotic currents are shown to be controllable over a certain parameter range.
Examination of laser microbeam cell lysis in a PDMS microfluidic channel using time-resolved imaging
Creators: name: Quinto-Su, Pedro A.
name: Lai, Hsuan-Hong
name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Yoon, Helen H.
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Venugopalan, Vasan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We use time-resolved imaging to examine the lysis dynamics of non-adherent BAF-3 cells within a microfluidic channel produced by the delivery of single highly-focused 540 ps duration laser pulses at λ = 532 nm. Time-resolved bright-field images reveal that the delivery of the pulsed laser microbeam results in the formation of a laser-induced plasma followed by shock wave emission and cavitation bubble formation. The confinement offered by the microfluidic channel constrains substantially the cavitation bubble expansion and results in significant deformation of the PDMS channel walls. To examine the cell lysis and dispersal of the cellular contents, we acquire time-resolved fluorescence images of the process in which the cells were loaded with a fluorescent dye. These fluorescence images reveal cell lysis to occur on the nanosecond to microsecond time scale by the plasma formation and cavitation bubble dynamics. Moreover, the time-resolved fluorescence images show that while the cellular contents are dispersed by the expansion of the laser-induced cavitation bubble, the flow associated with the bubble collapse subsequently re-localizes the cellular contents to a small region. This capacity of pulsed laser microbeam irradiation to achieve rapid cell lysis in microfluidic channels with minimal dilution of the cellular contents has important implications for their use in lab-on-a-chip applications.
Fast-lysis cell traps for chemical cytometry
Creators: name: Bachman, Mark
name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Li, G. P.
name: Marc, Paul J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Electrically addressable cell traps were integrated with capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of the contents of single adherent cells. Electrodes composed of indium tin oxide were patterned on a glass surface followed by formation of topographical cell traps using 1002F photoresist. Single cells trapped in the holes could be lysed in less than 66 ms by applying a brief electric field (10 ms) across the electrode beneath the cell and the ground electrode placed in the aqueous media above the cell traps. The gas formed during cell lysis remained localized within the cavity formed by the 1002F photoresist. The retention of the gas in the cell trap enabled the cell traps to be coupled to an overlying capillary without blockage of the capillary. Single cells cultured in the traps were loaded with fluorescein and Oregon Green and then electrically lysed. By simultaneous application of an electric field to the capillary, the cell’s contents were loaded into the capillary and electrophoretically separated. Orgeon Green and fluorescein from a single cell were fully resolved in less than two minutes. The use of a single patterned electrode beneath the 1002F cell trap yielded a simple easily fabricated design that was robust when immersed in aqueous solutions. Moreover, the design can easily be scaled up to create arrays of adherent cells for serial analyses using a single capillary or for parallel analysis by mating to an array of capillaries. Enhancing the rate of analysis of single adherent cells would enable a greater understanding of cellular physiology.
Characterization and remote sensing of biological particles using circular polarization
Creators: name: Nagdimunov, Lev
name: Kolokolova, Ludmilla
name: Mackowski, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biological molecules are characterized by an intrinsic asymmetry known as homochirality. The result is optical activity of biological materials and circular polarization in the light scattered by microorganisms, cells of living organisms, as well as molecules (e.g. amino acids) of biological origin. Lab measurements (Sparks et al. 2009a, b) have found that light scattered by certain biological systems, in particular photosynthetic organisms, is not only circular polarized but contains a characteristic spectral trend, showing a fast change and reversal of sign for circular polarization within absorption bands. Similar behavior can be expected for other biological and prebiological organics, especially amino acids. We begin our study by reproducing the laboratory measurements for photosynthetic organisms through modeling the biological material as aggregated structures and using the Multiple Sphere T-matrix (MSTM) code for light scattering calculations. We further study how the spectral effect described above depends on the porosity of the aggregates and the size and number of the constituent particles (monomers). We show that larger aggregates are characterized by larger values of circular polarization and discuss how light-scattering characteristics of individual monomers and electromagnetic interaction between them affect this result. We find that circular polarization typically peaks at medium (40-140°) scattering angles, and discuss recommendations for efficient remote observation of circular polarization from (pre)biological systems.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 4 of Phenotypic insecticide resistance status of the Culex pipiens complex: a European perspective
Creators: name: Vereecken, Stien
name: Vanslembrouck, Adwine
name: Kramer, Isabelle Marie
name: Müller, Ruth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S2. Overview of all active substances that are approved as PT18 products according to the ECHA database on 4/10/2022.
Micropallet arrays with poly(ethylene glycol) walls
Creators: name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Wang, Yuli
name: Pai, Jeng-Hao
name: Shadpour, Hamed
name: Salazar, Georgina To'a
name: Sims, Christopher E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Arrays of releasable micropallets with surrounding walls of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were fabricated for the patterning and sorting of adherent cells. PEG walls were fabricated between the SU-8 pallets using a simple, mask-free strategy. By utilizing the difference in UV-transmittance of glass and SU-8, PEG monomer was selectively photopolymerized in the space surrounding the pallets. Since the PEG walls are composed of a cross-linked structure, the stability of the walls is independent of the pallet array geometry and the properties of the overlying solution. Even though surrounded with PEG walls, the individual pallets were detached from the array by the mechanical force generated by a focused laser pulse, with a release threshold of 6 μJ. Since the PEG hydrogels are repellent to protein adsorption and cell attachment, the walls localized cell growth to the pallet top surface. Cells grown in the microwells formed by the PEG walls were released by detaching the underlying pallet. The released cells/pallets were collected, cultured and clonally expanded. The micropallet arrays with PEG walls provide a platform for performing single cell analysis and sorting on chip.
Hall conductivity in the normal and superconducting phases of the Rashba system with Zeeman field
Creators: name: Chung, Suk Bum
name: Roy, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the intrinsic Hall conductivity of the ordinary and topological superconducting phases of a Rashba metal in a perpendicular Zeeman field. In this system the normal metal breaks time reversal symmetry while the superconducting order parameter does not, in contrast to the chiral p-wave superconducting state predicted in the monolayer strontium ruthenate (Sr$_2$RuO$_4$) whose Hall conductivity has been studied extensively. We study the effects of intra-band and inter-band pairing and find there is qualitatively larger change in the intrinsic Hall conductivity when there is inter-band pairing, with the change in magnitude linear in the pairing gap. We argue that inter-band pairing leads in general to higher energy costs for the topological phase compared to the topologically trivial phase and thus that the qualitative behavior of the intrinsic Hall conductivity with superconductivity in these systems could provide important clues about the nature of pairing in the superconducting phase and even some hints of whether it is topological or not.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Tensor-CSPNet: A Novel Geometric Deep Learning Framework for Motor Imagery Classification
Creators: name: Ju, Ce
name: Guan, Cuntai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.0

description: Deep learning (DL) has been widely investigated in a vast majority of applications in electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), especially for motor imagery (MI) classification in the past five years. The mainstream DL methodology for the MI-EEG classification exploits the temporospatial patterns of EEG signals using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have remarkably succeeded in visual images. However, since the statistical characteristics of visual images depart radically from EEG signals, a natural question arises whether an alternative network architecture exists apart from CNNs. To address this question, we propose a novel geometric deep learning (GDL) framework called Tensor-CSPNet, which characterizes spatial covariance matrices derived from EEG signals on symmetric positive definite (SPD) manifolds and fully captures the temporospatiofrequency patterns using existing deep neural networks on SPD manifolds, integrating with experiences from many successful MI-EEG classifiers to optimize the framework. In the experiments, Tensor-CSPNet attains or slightly outperforms the current state-of-the-art performance on the cross-validation and holdout scenarios in two commonly-used MI-EEG datasets. Moreover, the visualization and interpretability analyses also exhibit the validity of Tensor-CSPNet for the MI-EEG classification. To conclude, in this study, we provide a feasible answer to the question by generalizing the DL methodologies on SPD manifolds, which indicates the start of a specific GDL methodology for the MI-EEG classification.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, 12 tables; This work has been accepted by the IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. Copyright will be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible
Air-stable supported membranes for single-cell cytometry on PDMS microchips
Creators: name: Kang, Kyung Mo
name: Licata, Louise
name: Phillips, K. Scott
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Protein reinforced supported bilayer membranes (rSBMs) composed of phosphatidyl choline (PC), biotin-PE and Neutravidin were used to coat hybrid microchips composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glass. Since the coatings required a freshly oxidized, hydrophilic substrate, a novel method to rapidly connect reservoirs using plasma oxidation was first developed and found to support up to 5.2 N/cm2 (1.5 N) pull-off force. rSBMs were then assembled in the oxidized hydrophilic channels. The electroosmotic mobility (μeo) of rSBM-coated channels was measured over a 3 h time to evaluate the stability of the coatings for microchip electrophoresis. rSBM-coated microchips with a simple cross design had excellent properties for microchip separations, yielding efficiencies of up to 700,000 plates/m for fluorescent dyes and peptides. The separation performance of rSBM and PC-coated channels was evaluated after repeatedly drying and rehydrating the channels. The separation efficiency of fluorescein on PC-coated devices decreased by 40% after one dehydration cycle and nearly 75% after 3 cycles. In contrast for rSBM-coated devices there was no significant change in the fluorescein efficiency until the third cycle (10% decreased efficiency). rSBM-coated channels were also markedly more stable when placed in a dehydrated state during long-term storage compared to PC-coated channels, and showed reduced chip failure and no reduction in performance for up to one month of dehydrated storage. Finally, rSBM-coated devices were used to perform single-cell cytometry. Microchips that had been dehydrated, stored two weeks, and rehydrated prior to use demonstrated similar performance to newly coated devices for the separation of fluorescein and carboxyfluorescein from single cells. Thus rSBM-coated devices were rugged- withstanding electric fields, prolonged storage under dehydrated conditions, and biofouling by cellular constituents while maintaining excellent separation performance.
Transitions in Entanglement Complexity in Random Circuits
Creators: name: True, Sarah
name: Hamma, Alioscia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is the defining characteristic of quantum mechanics. Bipartite entanglement is characterized by the von Neumann entropy. Entanglement is not just described by a number, however; it is also characterized by its level of complexity. The complexity of entanglement is at the root of the onset of quantum chaos, universal distribution of entanglement spectrum statistics, hardness of a disentangling algorithm and of the quantum machine learning of an unknown random circuit, and universal temporal entanglement fluctuations. In this paper, we numerically show how a crossover from a simple pattern of entanglement to a universal, complex pattern can be driven by doping a random Clifford circuit with $T$ gates. This work shows that quantum complexity and complex entanglement stem from the conjunction of entanglement and non-stabilizer resources, also known as magic.
An integral fluctuation theorem for systems with unidirectional transitions
Creators: name: Rahav, Saar
name: Harbola, Upendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluctuations of a Markovian jump process with one or more unidirectional transitions, where $R_{ij} >0$ but $R_{ji} =0$, are studied. We find that such systems satisfy an integral fluctuation theorem. The fluctuating quantity satisfying the theorem is a sum of the entropy produced in the bidirectional transitions and a dynamical contribution which depends on the residence times in the states connected by the unidirectional transitions. The convergence of the integral fluctuation theorem is studied numerically, and found to show the same qualitative features as in systems exhibiting microreversibility.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Efficient contextual ontological model of $n$-qubit stabilizer quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Hindlycke, Christoffer
name: Larsson, Jan-Åke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most well-known tool for studying contextuality in quantum computation is the n-qubit stabilizer state tableau representation. We provide an extension that describes not only the quantum state, but is also outcome deterministic. The extension enables a value assignment to exponentially many Pauli observables, yet remains quadratic in both memory and computational complexity. Furthermore, we show that the mechanisms employed for contextuality and measurement disturbance are wholly separate. The model will be useful for investigating the role of contextuality in $n$-qubit quantum computation.
description: Minor grammatical corrections. Added a table comparing our model to existing models. Expanded somewhat on the discussion in Conclusions. Added a link to a Python implementation of our model. 6 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Focusing on diabetic ulcers
Creators: name: Setacci, Carlo
name: Benevento, Domenico
name: De Donato, Gianmarco
name: Viviani, Emanuela
name: Bracale, Umberto Marcello
name: Del Guercio, Luca
name: Palasciano, Giancarolo
name: Setacci, Francesco
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2020
Subjects: Diabetes mellitus
Lower limb amputation
Vascular surgery

description: Foot ulcers associated with Diabetes mellitus require immediate attention due to risk of amputation if left untreated. Herein we focus on the mitigating risk factors and physiopathology of the diabetic foot, recounting our own surgical approach and revascularization procedures.
Building Anosov flows on 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Béguin, François
name: Yu, Bin
name: Bonatti, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a result allowing to build (transitive or non-transitive) Anosov flows on 3-manifolds by gluing together filtrating neighborhoods of hyperbolic sets. We give several applications; for example: 1. we build a 3-manifold supporting both of a transitive Anosov vector field and a non-transitive Anosov vector field; 2. for any n, we build a 3-manifold M supporting at least n pairwise different Anosov vector fields; 3. we build transitive attractors with prescribed entrance foliation; in particular, we construct some incoherent transitive attractors; 4. we build a transitive Anosov vector field admitting infinitely many pairwise non-isotopic trans- verse tori.
description: 58 pages
Microdevice to capture colon crypts for in vitro studies
Creators: name: Dhopeshwarkar, Rahul
name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Najdi, Rani
name: Waterman, Marian L.
name: Wang, Yuli
name: Allbritton, Nancy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: There is a need in biological research for tools designed to manipulate the environment surrounding microscopic regions of tissue. In the current work, a device for the oriented capture of an important and under-studied tissue, the colon crypt, has been designed and tested. The objective of this work is to create a BioMEMs device for biological assays of living colonic crypts. The end goal will be to subject the polarized tissue to user-controlled fluidic microenvironments in a manner that recapitulates the in vivo state. Crypt surrogates, polymeric structures of similar dimensions and shape to isolated colon crypts, were used in the initial design and testing of the device. Successful capture of crypt surrogates was accomplished on a simple device composed of an array of micron-scale capture sites that enabled individual structures to be captured with high efficiency (92 ± 3%) in an ordered and properly oriented fashion. The device was then evaluated using colon crypts isolated from a murine animal model. The capture efficiency attained using the fixed biologic sample was 37 ± 5% due to the increased variability of the colon crypts compared with the surrogate structures, yet 94% ± 3% of the captured crypts were properly oriented. A simple approach to plug the remaining capture sites in the array was performed using inert glass beads. Blockage of unfilled capture sites is an important feature to establish a chemical gradient across the arrayed crypts. A chemical concentration gradient (Cluminal/Cbasal > 10) was demonstrated across the arrayed crypts for over 8 h. Finally unfixed colon crypts were demonstrated to be effectively captured by the micromesh array and to remain viable on the capture sites at 5 h after mouse sacrifice. The present study demonstrates the feasibility and potential for rationally microengineered technologies to address the specific needs of the biologic researcher.
Online interpretation of numeric sign language using 2-d skeletal model
Creators: name: Basu, Subhadip
name: Dey, S.
name: Mukherjee, K.
name: Jana, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gesturing is one of the natural modes of human communication. Signs produced by gestures can have a basic meaning coupled with additional information that is layered over the basic meaning of the sign. Sign language is an important example of communicative gestures that are highly structured and well accepted across the world as a communication medium for deaf and dumb. In this paper, an online recognition scheme is proposed to interpret the standard numeric sign language comprising of 10 basic hand symbols. A web camera is used to capture the real time hand movements as input to the system. The basic meaning of the hand gesture is extracted from the input data frame by analysing the shape of the hand, considering its orientation, movement and location to be fixed. The input hand shape is processed to identify the palm structure, fingertips and their relative positions and the presence of the extended thumb. A 2-dimensional skeletal model is generated from the acquired shape information to represent and subsequently interpret the basic meaning of the hand gesture.
Additional file 1 of Identification of the hub susceptibility genes and related common transcription factors in the skeletal muscle of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Creators: name: Ke, Jianjuan
name: Hu, Xiaohua
name: Wang, Changhua
name: Zhang, Yemin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1.
Micromolded arrays for separation of adherent cells
Creators: name: Wang, Yuli
name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Xu, Wei
name: Dhopeshwarkar, Rahul
name: Allbritton, Nancy
name: Phillips, Colleen
name: Pai, Jeng-Hao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: We present an efficient, yet inexpensive, approach for isolating viable single cells or colonies from a mixed population. This cell microarray platform possesses innovations in both the array manufacture and the manner of target cell release. Arrays of microwells with bases composed of detachable concave elements, termed microrafts, were fabricated by a dip-coating process using a polydimethylsiloxane mold as the template and the array substrate. This manufacturing approach enabled the use of materials other than photoresists to create the array elements. Thus microrafts possessing low autofluorescence could be fabricated for fluorescence-based identification of cells. Cells plated on the microarray settled and attached at the center of the wells due to the microrafts’ concavity. Individual microrafts were readily dislodged by the action of a needle inserted through the compliant polymer substrate. The hard polymer material (polystyrene or epoxy resin) of which the microrafts were composed protected the cells from damage by the needle. For cell analysis and isolation, cells of interest were identified using a standard inverted microscope and microrafts carrying target cells were dislodged with the needle. The released cells/microrafts could be efficiently collected, cultured and clonally expanded. During the separation and collection procedures, the cells remained adherent and provided a measure of protection during manipulation, thus providing an extremely high single-cell cloning rate (>95%). Generation of a transfected cell line based on expression of a fluorescent protein demonstrated an important application for performing on-chip cell separations.
Additional file 2 of Identification of the hub susceptibility genes and related common transcription factors in the skeletal muscle of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Creators: name: Ke, Jianjuan
name: Hu, Xiaohua
name: Wang, Changhua
name: Zhang, Yemin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2.
Benchtop micromolding of polystyrene by soft lithography
Creators: name: Balowski, Joseph
name: Wang, Yuli
name: Phillips, Ryan
name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Phillips, Colleen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Polystyrene (PS), a standard material for cell culture consumable labware, was molded into microstructures with high fidelity of replication by an elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold. The process was a simple, benchtop method based on soft lithography using readily available materials. The key to successful replica molding by this simple procedure relies on the use of a solvent, for example, gamma-butyrolactone, which dissolves PS without swelling the PDMS mold. PS solution was added to the PDMS mold, and evaporation of solvent was accomplished by baking the mold on a hotplate. Microstructures with feature sizes as small as 3 µm and aspect ratios as large as 7 were readily molded. Prototypes of microfluidic chips made from PS were prepared by thermal bonding of a microchannel molded in PS with a flat PS substrate. The PS microfluidic chip displayed much lower adsorption and absorption of hydrophobic molecules (e.g. rhodamine B) compared to a comparable chip created from PDMS. The molded PS surface exhibited stable surface properties after plasma oxidation as assessed by contact angle measurement. The molded, oxidized PS surface remained an excellent surface for cell culture based on cell adhesion and proliferation. The micromolded PS possessed properties that were ideal for biological and bioanalytical needs, thus making it an alternative material to PDMS and suitable for building lab-on-a-chip devices by soft lithography methods.
A global analysis of Spitzer and new HARPS data confirms the loneliness and metal-richness of GJ 436 b
Creators: name: Lanotte, A. A.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Demory, B. -O.
name: Fortney, J. J.
name: Astudillo, N.
name: Bonfils, X.
name: Magain, P.
name: Delfosse, X.
name: Forveille, T.
name: Lovis, C.
name: Mayor, M.
name: Neves, V.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Santos, N.
name: Udry, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. GJ 436b is one of the few transiting warm Neptunes for which a detailed characterisation of the atmosphere is possible, whereas its non-negligible orbital eccentricity calls for further investigation. Independent analyses of several individual datasets obtained with Spitzer have led to contradicting results attributed to the different techniques used to treat the instrumental effects. Aims. We aim at investigating these previous controversial results and developing our knowledge of the system based on the full Spitzer photometry dataset combined with new Doppler measurements obtained with the HARPS spectrograph. We also want to search for additional planets. Methods. We optimise aperture photometry techniques and the photometric deconvolution algorithm DECPHOT to improve the data reduction of the Spitzer photometry spanning wavelengths from 3-24 μm. Adding the high precision HARPS radial velocity data, we undertake a Bayesian global analysis of the system considering both instrumental and stellar effects on the flux variation. Results. We present a refined radius estimate of RP=4.10 +/- 0.16 R_Earth, mass MP=25.4 +/- 2.1 M_Earth and eccentricity e= 0.162 +/- 0.004 for GJ 436b. Our measured transit depths remain constant in time and wavelength, in disagreement with the results of previous studies. In addition, we find that the post-occultation flare-like structure at 3.6 μm that led to divergent results on the occultation depth measurement is spurious. We obtain occultation depths at 3.6, 5.8, and 8.0 μm that are shallower than in previous works, in particular at 3.6 μm. However, these depths still appear consistent with a metal-rich atmosphere depleted in methane and enhanced in CO/CO2, although perhaps less than previously thought. We find no evidence for a potential planetary companion, stellar activity, nor for a stellar spin-orbit misalignment. [ABRIDGED]
description: 25 pages, 26 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Continuous analysis of dye-loaded, single cells on a microfluidic chip
Creators: name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Lai, Hsuan Hong
name: Johnson, Emily
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Phillips, K. Scott
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Continuous analysis of two dyes loaded into single mammalian cells using laser-based lysis combined with electrophoretic separation was developed and characterized on microfluidic chips. The devices employed hydrodynamic flow to transport cells to a junction where they were mechanically lysed by a laser-generated cavitation bubble. An electric field then attracted the analyte into a separation channel while the membranous remnants passed through the intersection towards a waste reservoir. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-supported bilayer membrane coatings (SBMs) provided a weakly negatively charged surface and prevented cell fouling from interfering with device performance. Cell lysis using a picosecond-pulsed laser on-chip did not interfere with concurrent electrophoretic separations. The effect of device parameters on performance was evaluated. A ratio of 2 : 1 was found to be optimal for the focusing-channel : flow-channel width and 3 : 1 for the flow-channel : separation-channel width. Migration times decreased with increased electric field strengths up to 333 V cm−1, at which point the field strength was sufficient to move unlysed cells and cellular debris into the electrophoretic channel. The migration time and full width half-maximum (FWHM) of the peaks were independent of cell velocity for velocities between 0.03 and 0.3 mm s−1. Separation performance was independent of the exact lysis location when lysis was performed near the outlet of the focusing channel. The migration time for cell-derived fluorescein and fluorescein carboxylate was reproducible with <10% RSD. Automated cell detection and lysis were required to reduce peak FWHM variability to 30% RSD. A maximum throughput of 30 cells min−1 was achieved. Device stability was demonstrated by analyzing 600 single cells over a 2 h time span.
Space of initial conditions and universality in nonequilibrium quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Delfino, Gesualdo
name: Sorba, Marianna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study analytically the role of initial conditions in nonequilibrium quantum dynamics considering the one-dimensional ferromagnets in the regime of spontaneously broken symmetry. We analyze the expectation value of local operators for the infinite-dimensional space of initial conditions of domain wall type, generally intended as initial conditions spatially interpolating between two different ground states. At large times the unitary time evolution takes place inside a light cone produced by the spatial inhomogeneity of the initial condition. In the innermost part of the light cone the form of the space-time dependence is universal, in the sense that it is specified by data of the equilibrium universality class. The global limit shape in the variable $x/t$ changes with the initial condition. In systems with more than two ground states the tuning of an interaction parameter can induce a transition which is the nonequilibrium quantum analog of the interfacial wetting transition occurring in classical systems at equilibrium. We illustrate the general results through the examples of the Ising, Potts and Ashkin-Teller chains.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures. Published version
Additional file 3 of Identification of the hub susceptibility genes and related common transcription factors in the skeletal muscle of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Creators: name: Ke, Jianjuan
name: Hu, Xiaohua
name: Wang, Changhua
name: Zhang, Yemin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S1.
What Agricultural Products Had We Best Export?
Creators: name: Stine, O. C.
name: Stine, O. C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1930
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
International Relations/Trade
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Excerpts: What agricultural products had we best export? A short answer to the question is: we should export those agricultural products which, sold in foreign markets, will return more net profit than would substitute products sold on a domestic market basis. This is an economic axiom but it is often overlooked in discussing national agricultural problems. It is sometimes easier to formulate a general principle than to apply the principle to the problems that are presented to us. Definite measures of the profitableness of producing commodities for either the domestic or foreign market are lacking. Continually changing conditions make it difficult to forecast the profitableness of alternative products for foreign and domestic markets. Policies or plans must be formulated, however, upon the basis of available information and apparent tendencies. It is our purpose to consider present conditions and long-time tendencies with reference to the outlook for the production of and demand for the agricultural products of the United States in relation to exports.
description: Address, Twenty-first Annual Meeting, American Farm Economic Association, Cleveland, Ohio, December 31, 1930. By O. C. Stine, Principal Agricultural Economist, Division of Statistical and Historical Research, Bureau of Agricultural Economics