cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High performance simulations of yield stress fluids in a structured adaptive mesh refinement framework with embedded boundaries
Creators: name: Sverdrup, Knut
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Viscoplasticity
non-Newtonian fluids
yield stress
high performance computing
adaptive mesh refinement
AMReX
Bingham
embedded boundaries
cut cells
lid-driven cavity

description: Viscoplastic fluids are a class of non-Newtonian liquids characterised by their yield stress. Unless an external stress is applied which is larger than this threshold value, the fluid does not flow, but exhibits rigid body behaviour. Above the yield stress, applied forces cause viscous deformation. Such fluids play important roles in a range of fields, notably in wellbore drilling, which is the application that motivated this project. One aspect of this operation requires displacement of drilling fluid by cement in the annulus between casing and geological surroundings, and both of these fluids are viscoplastics. Ensuring that this is done properly is of utmost importance to the overall safety of the drilling operation. Often, numerical simulations are the only viable way of experimenting with the effect of drilling parameters and fluid properties on the flow configuration and resulting behaviour. Unfortunately, the presence of a yield stress leads to a singularity in the apparent viscosity at zero strain. This causes substantial computational expense for the algorithms used to simulate fluid flow numerically, even when regularisation techniques are employed to alleviate the problem. Consequently, most published results in the literature on computational viscoplasticity has been restricted to two-dimensional and steady-state flows. In an attempt to address this, we have applied state-of-the-art techniques from high-performance computational fluid dynamics to the viscoplastic flow problem. Specifically, we utilise spatio-temporal adaptive mesh refinement on structured meshes in this context for the first time. This is achieved through the software framework AMReX, which includes state-of-the-art numerical tools for solving partial differential equations with optimal parallel scaling. The ability to rapidly simulate unsteady viscoplastic flow problems in three dimensions is demonstrated by novel numerical experiments in a lid-driven cavity. In order to investigate flows in more interesting domain geometries and around objects, an embedded boundary algorithm has been developed which works alongside the viscoplastic flow solver. We show how this methodology can be utilised to simulate flow inside non-rectangular objects, and investigate fully three-dimensional viscoplastic flow past several shapes of bodies for the first time.
description: EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Computational Methods for Materials Science grant number EP/L015552/1 BP International Centre for Advanced Materials (BP-ICAM) Extra support towards living expenses through the Aker Scholarship
An Interdisciplinary Investigation into Carolingian Medical Knowledge and Practice
Creators: name: Burridge, Claire Pippa Saling
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: History of medicine
Medieval history
Carolingian history
Interdisciplinary
Manuscript studies
Archaeology
Osteology
Medicine

description: My Wellcome Trust-funded PhD dissertation integrates textual and osteological evidence to explore the relationship between medical knowledge and practice in eighth- and ninth-century western Europe. The guiding questions of my work consider the potential practicality and applicability of the medical knowledge circulating during this period: is there a correlation, a connection, or any overlap between the medical issues recorded in the texts and those seen on skeletons? Could those individuals in possession of the recorded medical knowledge have attempted to treat the ailments from which people suffered? To investigate the applicability and practicality of the medical knowledge circulating in the Carolingian world, I first identified, transcribed, and translated remedies recorded in eighteen eighth- and ninth-century Latin manuscripts. I then analysed the potential practicality of the ingredients listed in these remedies, asking: do they rely on products that could have been obtained in western Europe in this period? To assess the applicability of this medical knowledge, I compared the symptoms recorded in these texts to evidence of disease preserved in roughly contemporary skeletal remains. Although bringing together textual and skeletal evidence poses a number of significant methodological challenges, this combined approach has made it possible to explore topics that neither category of material could effectively investigate in isolation. After an introduction (Chapter 1), Chapters 2-5 concentrate on the textual analysis of the medical recipes from the eighteen manuscripts under consideration: Chapter 2 introduces these manuscripts and the method of analysis while Chapters 3-5 focus on individual case studies. Chapters 6-9 assess the written record in light of osteological evidence: Chapter 6 addresses my approach to the question of applicability and Chapters 7-9 highlight specific pathologies. Ultimately, this interdisciplinary project has produced a more nuanced picture of early medieval health and medicine, revealing that a significant proportion of the medical recipes in circulation were both practical and applicable, thereby suggesting that these texts were intended to be used in the practice of medicine.
description: My PhD has been generously supported by the Wellcome Trust via a Medical Humanities Doctoral Studentship [203431/Z/16/Z].
The Poincare lemma, antiexact forms, and fermionic quantum harmonic oscillator
Creators: name: Kycia, Radosław Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58A12, 58Z05

description: The paper focuses on various properties and applications of the homotopy operator, which occurs in the Poincaré lemma. In the first part, an abstract operator calculus is constructed, where the exterior derivative is an abstract derivative and the homotopy operator plays the role of an abstract integral. This operator calculus can be used to formulate abstract differential equations. An example of the eigenvalue problem that resembles the fermionic quantum harmonic oscillator is presented. The second part presents the dual complex to the Dolbeault bicomplex generated by the homotopy operator on complex manifolds.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Ehrenfest-time-dependent excitation gap in a chaotic Andreev billiard
Creators: name: Adagideli, I.
name: Beenakker, C. W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A semiclassical theory is developed for the appearance of an excitation gap in a ballistic chaotic cavity connected by a point contact to a superconductor. Diffraction at the point contact is a singular perturbation in the limit $\hbar\to 0$, which opens up a gap $E_{\rm gap}$ in the excitation spectrum. The time scale $\hbar/E_{\rm gap}\proptoα^{-1}\ln\hbar$ (with $α$ the Lyapunov exponent) is the Ehrenfest time, the characteristic time scale of quantum chaos.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX; [2017: fixed broken eps figures]
The pair-breaking critical current density of magnesium diboride
Creators: name: Kunchur, Milind N.
name: Lee, Sung-Ik
name: Kang, W. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pair-breaking critical current density j_{d} of magnesium diboride was determined over its entire temperature range by a pulsed dc transport measurement. At fixed low values of current density j, the resistive transition temperature Tc shifts in the classic ΔT_{C}(j)/T_{C}(0) \propto -[j/j_{d}(0)]^{2/3} manner, with a projected j_{d}(0) \approx 2 \times 10^{7}$ A/cm^{2}. The directly measured j_{d}(0), from current-voltage ($I$-$V$)curves at different fixed temperatures, has a similar value and the overall temperature dependence j_{d}(T) and magnitude are consistent with Ginzburg-Landau theory. Keywords: pair, breaking, depairing, superconductor, superconductivity, flux, fluxon, vortex, mgb2
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. Related preprints/reprints by our group can be found on http://www.physics.sc.edu/kunchur
DISCLOSURE OF THIRD-PARTY FUNDING AND ARRANGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT ARBITRATION
Creators: name: Abimanyu Wicaksono Kadarisman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 180123 Litigation, Adjudication and Dispute Resolution
subject: FOS: Law

description: Third-party funding has been commonly used in International Investment Arbitration. Third-party funders increasingly usually finance the claimant who either (i) does not have sufficient funding to start legal proceeding, or (ii) adequately capitalized, but seek funding in order to minimize cash flow disruption and share risk during their arbitration proceedings. However, the notion of third-party funding gives rise to several issues, first, should funded parties be required to disclose their funding arrangements? Following the first research question, when does the funded party need to disclose the existence of a third-party funder? Then what legal measures that can be taken to tackle the concern of transparency and disclosure in cases involving third-party funding? This research concentrates on the transparency and disclosure requirements, which is the major issue that influences further development and use of third-party funding arrangement in international arbitration. Analysis of relevant treaties, laws, guidelines, and case laws drive us to the conclusion that there exist measures and several drains the current international arbitration system that will serve a transparency system to control third-party funding. Hence, it would be appropriate for arbitration institute or investment treaties to take these tools into account in order to provide legal certainty for the disputing parties, arbitral tribunal, and ultimately, for the legal framework of third-party funding in investment arbitration.
Road and Trail Optimisation for Low-intensity Selective Logging in Tropical Forests
Creators: name: Meilby, Henrik
name: Meilby, Henrik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: self-organization
subject: ant colony algorithm
subject: swarm intelligence
subject: skid trails
subject: forest operations

description: Selective logging operations in natural tropical forests often involve a very limited number of commercial tree species and if the density of these species is low, the number of trees felled may be only a few per ha. Consequently the costs of road and trail networks have a significant impact on the overall profitability of forest use. Furthermore, the damages resulting from inappropriate routing of skid trails may be severe and, therefore, the need for optimization of the transport network layout is evident. However, optimization involves deciding what trees to cut, designing the best possible road and trail network and choosing the best possible winding route for each trail segment and is therefore a difficult task. In this study a self-organizing procedure is tested as a means of optimization the temporary road and trail network in a heterogeneous terrain with scattered trees. The paper outlines the method and presents preliminary test results for a hypothetical forest area.
Investigating learning in secondary science students engaged in project-based learning
Creators: name: Dobrin, Jessica Rose
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Project-based learning
Learning
Science Education
Secondary education
Case Study

description: This thesis explores the nature of learning in students engaged in project-based learning (PBL) projects based in secondary science subjects. The literature review first establishes a working definition of learning, and then goes on the characterise project-based learning both in terms of its aims and associated methods. This gives rise to two research questions- how do students learn while engaged in project-based learning, and what effects to different aspects of project learning have on the learning taking place. The methodology then provides a rationale and description of the case study method selected to answer these questions. The cases themselves are three students, pseudonymed Hamish, Hannah, and Jane, who were at the time of their participation Year 12 students at the local University Technical College (UTC), a school specialising in STEM subjects. The students were observed during weekly sessions of their Challenge projects, which represent PBL projects in a STEM subject completed with the collaboration of a local employer. Hamish’s project focussed on the management and preservation of a local waterway, while Hannah and Jane worked on a Computer Science project featuring data visualisation and marketing. Each of the participants also completed a series of interviews about their experiences within the project, both in terms of the content knowledge and skills and in terms of their attitudes towards their projects. What was revealed through these interviews was that even within the same projects, student learning and experience was variable. While all three participants met the objectives of their projects, they did so in different capacities, and appreciated the chance to do so. They also each had different responses to the delivery of their projects, based primarily on their own (reported) learning style. This was due primarily to the nature of the projects, and the autonomy students were encouraged to show throughout the project.
description: N/A
Biases in Farm-Level Yield Risk Analysis due to Data Aggregation
Creators: name: Finger, Robert
name: Finger, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: aggregation bias
subject: crop yield variability
subject: risk measurement
subject: data aggregation
subject: Aggregationsfehler
subject: Ertragsvariabilität
subject: Risikomessung
subject: Datenaggregation

description: We investigate biases in farm-level yield risk analysis caused by data aggregation from the farm-level to regional and national levels using the example of Swiss wheat and barley yields. The estimated yield variability decreases significantly with increasing level of aggregation, with crop yield variability at the farm-level being up to 2.38 times higher than indicated from national data. Our results show furthermore that inference on shape parameters based on aggregated data might be misleading. Using an example of farm yield insurance, we show that using crop yield variability estimates from aggregated levels leads to erroneous insurance contract specifications. Dieser Beitrag untersucht unter Verwendung Schweizer Ertragsdaten für Weizen und Gerste potentielle Fehler, die bei der Analyse von Ertragsrisiken durch die Aggregation von Betriebsdaten auf regionalen oder nationalen Niveaus entstehen. Die geschätzte Ertragsvariabilität sinkt signifikant mit einem steigenden Aggregationsniveau, wobei die Ertragsvariabilität auf Betriebsebene bis zu 2,38-mal grösser seien kann, als dies durch nationale Daten angedeutet wird. Des Weiteren zeigen die Resultate, dass Rückschlüsse über Schiefe und Kurtosis der Erträge, basierend auf aggregierten Daten, irreführend sein können. Mittels eines Versicherungsbeispiels wird zudem gezeigt, dass die Ausgestaltung einer Versicherung, basierend auf aggregierten Daten, zu falschen Ergebnissen führen kann.
Cryptotympana Stal 1861
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Cryptotympana

description: Genus Cryptotympana Stål, 1861
Cryptotympana Stål, 1861: 613.
Type species: Tettigonia atrata Fabricius, 1775.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2010, A checklist of Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) from Cambodia, with two new species and a key to the genus Lemuriana, pp. 19-32 in Zootaxa 2487 on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2487.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/195531
Polarization Squeezing of Continuous Variable Stokes Parameters
Creators: name: Bowen, Warwick P.
name: Schnabel, Roman
name: Bachor, Hans -A.
name: Lam, Ping Koy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first direct experimental characterization of continuous variable quantum Stokes parameters. We generate a continuous wave light beam with more than 3 dB of simultaneous squeezing in three of the four Stokes parameters. The polarization squeezed beam is produced by mixing two quadrature squeezed beams on a polarizing beam splitter. Depending on the squeezed quadrature of these two beams the quantum uncertainty volume on the Poincaré sphere became a `cigar' or `pancake'-like ellipsoid.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
EU-Wide (Regional and Farm Level) Effects of Premium Decoupling and Harmonisation Following the Health Check Reform
Creators: name: Britz, Wolfgang
name: Gocht, Alexander
name: Domínguez, Ignacio Pérez
name: Jansson, Torbjörn
name: Grosche, Stephanie-Carolin
name: Zhao, Na
name: Britz, Wolfgang
name: Gocht, Alexander
name: Domínguez, Ignacio Pérez
name: Jansson, Torbjörn
name: Grosche, Stephanie-Carolin
name: Zhao, Na
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: decoupling
subject: direct payments
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: Health Check reform
subject: land rents
subject: income distribution
subject: Entkopplung
subject: Direktzahlungen
subject: Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik
subject: Health-Check-Reform
subject: Landrenten
subject: Einkommensverteilung

description: This article investigates the income effects of decoupled payments distributed at the farm-type or uniformly at the regional level within the European Union. The analysis was conducted using detailed information on the implementation of the Health Check policy package for agricultural activities in each of the 27 member states, which is included in the Common Agricultural Policy Regionalised Impact (CAPRI) model. In the simulation experiments, the transition from individual to uniform per-hectare rates at the country level was explicitly modelled. The results show significant income shifts only for single products, such as durum wheat. Moreover, income was redistributed away from traditional “Grandes Cultures” crop production to fodder production, an effect primarily caused by the capitalisation of decoupled premiums on previously unsubsidised land. Cattle, sheep and goat production was primarily affected in the animal sector. Land values are expected to increase considerably, especially those of grasslands. Der Artikel untersucht die Einkommenswirkungen von entkoppelten Zahlungen, die nach Betriebstypen oder einheitlich auf regionaler Ebene der Europäischen Union verteilt werden. Die Analyse wird durchgeführt basierend auf detaillierten Informationen über die Implementierung des Health-Check-Reform-Paketes pro landwirtschaftlicher Aktivität in jeder der 27 Mitgliedstaaten, die dann im CAPRI (Common Agricultural Policy Regionalized Impact)-Modell einfließen. In den Szenarien wird der Übergang von individuellen zu einheitlichen Hektarprämien auf der Ebene der Mitgliedsländer explizit modelliert. Ergebnisse zeigen signifikante Einkommensänderungen nur für einzelne Produkte wie Hartweizen. Außerdem wird Einkommen von den traditionellen Grandes Cultures zum Futterbau umverteilt, ein Effekt, der hauptsächlich durch die Kapitalisierung der entkoppelten Zahlungen von Land, welches vorher nicht subventioniert war, zustande kommt. Im tierischen Sektor sind besonders Rindfleisch, Schafe und Ziegenproduktion betroffen. Es wird erwartet, dass Landrenten deutlich steigen, insbesondere für Grünland.
The Rapid Burster in Liller 1: the Chandra X-ray Position and a Search for an IR Counterpart
Creators: name: Homer, L.
name: Deutsch, Eric W.
name: Anderson, Scott F.
name: Margon, Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the unique X-ray behavior of the compact bursting X-ray source MXB1730-335, the "Rapid Burster" (RB) in the highly reddened globular cluster Liller 1, to date there has been no known optical/IR counterpart for the object, no precise astrometric solution that correlates X-ray, radio, and optical positions and thus restricts the number of possible candidates, nor even published IR images of the field. We solve a previous radio/X-ray positional discrepancy, presenting the results of precise Chandra X-ray imaging, which definitively show that the radio source is positionally aligned with MXB1730-335. At the same time, we have detected three additional low luminosity (Lx~10e34 erg/s) X-ray sources within two core radii, which are possibly quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries. We present both ground-based and Hubble Space Telescope infrared imaging of the field (in quiescent and bursting X-ray states of the RB), together with the necessary astrometric solution to overlay the radio/X-ray source positions. Even at HST resolution, the RB field is very complex and there are multiple candidates. No object of unusual color, or of substantial variability in quiescent versus active or burst versus non-burst states, is identified. Further, more sensitive HST/NICMOS and/or ground-based adaptive-optics observations are needed to confidently identify the proper counterpart. In the case of the RB, uncertain but plausible calculations on the effects of the burst on the binary companion indicate that detection of a variable candidate should be feasible.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, final version as published in AJ, including additional reference (added as a note in proof)
title: Moriz Haupt (1808-1874)
title: von Gustav Freytag
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Freytag, Gustav
Publisher: name: S. Hirzel
Year: 1874
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Haupt, Moriz

description: Separat-Abdruck aus der Wochenschrift: Im neuen Reich. 1874, Heft 9.
The Polaron at Strong Coupling
Creators: name: Seiringer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review old and new results on the Fröhlich polaron model. The discussion includes the validity of the (classical) Pekar approximation in the strong coupling limit, quantum corrections to this limit, as well as the divergence of the effective polaron mass.
description: Contribution to the proceeding of QMath14: Mathematical Results in Quantum Physics; final version
The Impact of Climate Change on the Economics of Dairy Farming – a Review and Evaluation
Creators: name: Martinsohn, Maria
name: Hansen, Heiko
name: Martinsohn, Maria
name: Hansen, Heiko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: climate change
subject: dairy farming
subject: economic impacts
subject: Klimawandel
subject: Milchviehhaltung
subject: ökonomische Auswirkungen

description: The impact of climate change has become a major concern within the agricultural profession. While many studies on Climate Change Impact Assessment (CCIA) deal with crop farming, little has been done with regard to livestock farming. This paper aims to shed light on the present state of research in the field of dairy farming, one of the major sectors in agriculture, in a three-fold manner. First, potential climate change impacts in dairy farming are discussed qualitatively. Second, challenges and methodological approaches in economic CCIA are presented, with a closer look at the issue of climate data and farm-level adaptation. Third, an overview and assessment of available studies on economic CCIA in dairy farming along a set of evaluation criteria is provided. The paper concludes with further research opportunities in this field. Die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Landwirtschaft sind zu einem zentralen Thema agrarwissenschaftlicher Forschung geworden. Während sich viele Studien zur Klimafolgenforschung auf den Pflanzenbau konzentrieren, hat die Tierhaltung in dem Zusammenhang bisher nur wenig Beachtung gefunden. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht den derzeitigen Stand der Forschung im Bereich der Milchviehhaltung, einem zentralen Produktionszweig der Landwirtschaft, in dreierlei Hinsicht. Zunächst werden die potenziellen Folgen des Klimawandels für die Milchviehhaltung diskutiert. Des Weiteren werden verschiedene Herausforderungen und methodische Ansätze der Klimafolgenforschung aufgezeigt, wobei insbesondere auf das Problem der Klimadaten und der Anpassung auf der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebsebene eingegangen wird. Schließlich erfolgt eine Analyse der bestehenden Literatur zur Klimafolgenforschung, die sich mit den ökonomischen Auswirkungen auf die Milchviehhaltung beschäftigt, anhand einer Reihe von Bewertungskriterien. Der Beitrag endet mit Schlussfolgerungen im Hinblick auf neue und sich abzeichnende Forschungsmöglichkeiten.
USIA Poll # 1986-I86067: Security Issues--Following the Reykjavik Summit
Creators: name: USIA
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: US-Soviet Union relations (1); meeting between US President Ronald Reagan/Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in Reykjavik (6); agree/disagree with statement (4); country making greater effort to come to agreement on nuclear arms control (1); most important issues for future arms control negotiations (1); most important issues for US President Reagan/Soviet leader Gorbachev to discuss (1); descriptors of US President Reagan/Soviet leader Gorbachev (4); nuclear weapons testing (1); security of Western Europe (2).
Animal Welfare: eine empirische Analyse landwirtschaftlicher Frames
Creators: name: Deimel, Ingke
name: Franz, Annabell
name: Spiller, Achim
name: Deimel, Ingke
name: Franz, Annabell
name: Spiller, Achim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Animal Welfare
subject: Tierwohl
subject: Frame
subject: Faktorenanalyse
subject: Schweinemast
subject: animal welfare
subject: framing
subject: factor analysis
subject: pig fattening

description: Nach den aktuellen Erkenntnissen der nutztierwissenschaftlichen Forschung rekurriert das Verständnis von Animal Welfare auf vier Kriterien: Haltungssystem, Management, Tiergesundheit und Tierverhalten (KEELING und KJÆRNES, 2009). Es ist jedoch unklar, inwieweit sich dieses Verständnis auch in der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis wiederfindet. In der vorliegenden empirischen Studie wird erstmals mit Hilfe einer Faktorenanalyse das Animal-Welfare-Verständnis konventioneller deutscher Schweinemäster untersucht. Hierzu wird auf das theoretische Konzept des Framing zurückgegriffen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei den Befragten zwei Frames von Animal Welfare existieren : Während Kriterien des (natürlichen) Tierverhaltens im Verständnis der befragten Landwirte eine untergeordnete Rolle spielen, findet eine biologisch-technische Definition von Animal Welfare deutliche Zustimmung. According to the current state of livestock sciences the assessment of animal welfare nowadays is based on four dimensions, i. e. good housing, good feeding, good health and appropriate behaviour (KEELING and KJÆRNES, 2009). However, it remains unclear to what extent this understanding of animal welfare is shared by farmers. The aim of the present study is thus to estimate the concerns of conventional German pig farmers about animal welfare by means of a factor analysis. For this purpose the theoretical concept of framing is applied. The results show that two animal welfare frames exist among respondents. While an animal welfare understanding that focuses on biological and technical aspects is highly approved, criteria based on (natural) animal behaviour play only a minor role.
Mitochondrial Metabolism Elucidated by Rapid Fractionation from Tissue
Creators: name: Allen, Fay Marie
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Mitochondria
Metabolism
Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury

description: Mitochondria are metabolic hubs, with many diseases found to have altered metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as ischaemia-reperfusion injury. A detailed understanding of the metabolic changes in different cellular pools would aid diagnosis and treatment. However, the current methods of mitochondrial isolation are too slow to provide a snapshot of purely mitochondrial metabolism, meaning that current metabolic data is only from whole cell. This project has developed and used a novel technique to rapidly isolate mitochondria from tissue by density centrifugation through silicone oil, with a view to assess the mitochondrial metabolic changes during ischaemia-reperfusion injury. This method has minimal cytosolic contamination and is completed in under 5 minutes, and mass spectroscopy analysis has shown enrichment of mitochondrial metabolites. Seahorse and Oroboros analysis have shown that the mitochondria are functional and capable of coupled respiration. Data is presented on how the method optimisation was analysed and developed. This largely reduced time frame gives the advantage over other methods to enable the study of metabolism in mitochondria.
Glassy Li Metal Anode for High-Performance Rechargeable Li Batteries
Creators: name: Wang, Xuefeng
name: Pawar, Gorakh
name: Li, Yejing
name: Ren, Xiaodi
name: Zhang, Minghao
name: Lu, Bingyu
name: Banerjee, Abhik
name: Liu, Ping
name: Dufek, Eric J.
name: Zhang, Ji-Guang
name: Xiao, Jie
name: Liu, Jun
name: Meng, Ying Shirley
name: Liaw, Boryann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Controlling nanostructure from molecular, crystal lattice to the electrode level remains as arts in practice, where nucleation and growth of the crystals still require more fundamental understanding and precise control to shape the microstructure of metal deposits and their properties. This is vital to achieve dendrite-free Li metal anodes with high electrochemical reversibility for practical high-energy rechargeable Li batteries. Here, cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy was used to capture the dynamic growth and atomic structure of Li metal deposits at the early nucleation stage, in which a phase transition from amorphous, disordered states to a crystalline, ordered one was revealed as a function of current density and deposition time. The real-time atomic interaction over wide spatial and temporal scales was depicted by the reactive-molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the condensation accompanied with the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition requires sufficient exergy, mobility and time to carry out, contrary to what the classical nucleation theory predicts. These variabilities give rise to different kinetic pathways and temporal evolutions, resulting in various degrees of order and disorder nanostructure in nano-sized domains that dominate in the morphological evolution and reversibility of Li metal electrode. Compared to crystalline Li, amorphous/glassy Li outperforms in cycle life in high-energy rechargeable batteries and is the desired structure to achieve high kinetic stability for long cycle life.
description: 29 pages, 8 figures
Pomponia Stal 1866
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Pomponia

description: Genus Pomponia Stål, 1866
Pomponia Stål, 1866a: 6.
Type species: Dundubia picta Walker, 1868.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2010, A checklist of Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) from Cambodia, with two new species and a key to the genus Lemuriana, pp. 19-32 in Zootaxa 2487 on page 21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2487.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/195531
Application of new observational method on deep excavation retaining wall design in London Clay
Creators: name: Chen, Ying
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: New Observational Method framework
Back-analysis
London Clay

description: Ground engineering in urban areas faces the great challenge of balancing the increasing demand for underground space against safety and asset protection while avoiding high construction costs. This study shows savings can be achieved on embedded retaining wall design for deep excavation in London Clay through the observational method, without compromising safety. Despite the inherent benefits of the method and its acceptance by design codes, the application of the observational method for excavation design has been slow and inconsistent due to the lack of guidance, in addition to other difficulties. This research aims to promote the application of the observational method in excavation design by proposing a new framework. The framework with four design approaches is established based on the review of historical excavation case histories and four Crossrail station excavations using the observational method. The term Ab initio is used for excavation design from the beginning of construction, covering Optimistic Approach A and Cautious Approach B. The term Ipso-tempore is introduced for excavation redesign after construction starts, comprising a newly defined Pro-active Approach C and the ‘best-way-out’ or Reactive Approach D. Back-analysis is critical in the observational method. The whole process of back analysis is examining monitoring systems (observations) and predictions by the numerical analysis with the adopted soil constitutive models. Three Crossrail excavation cases are back-analysed by the Mohr-Coulomb model using FEMs from Pseudo-FEM to 2D and 3D FEMs. The Crossrail Tottenham Court Road Station, Western Ticket Hall deep box excavation is also back-analysed by the BRICK model using the 3D FEM, representing the advanced soil model. The above back-analysis results are presented including the calibrated most probable soil model parameters. The different results indicate the back-analysis is subject to the type of numerical analysis, the adopted soil constitutive model, also it needs to be tailored to the monitoring data used for comparison. A reassessment of the TCR-WTH excavation design by Approach A is carried out using the semi-FEM with the Mohr-Coulomb model. The optimistic design with the calibrated most probable Mohr-Coulomb parameters shows over 30% saving in construction materials, which is supported by the contingency plan with the characteristic Mohr-Coulomb parameters if the excavation does not encounter the expected conditions. Improvements of specifications for the instruments and monitoring data are recommended to provide more reliable monitoring data.
description: Ove Arup and Partners
Introduction to the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz
Creators: name: Slavnov, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a detailed description of the nested algebraic Bethe ansatz. We consider integrable models with a $\mathfrak{gl}_3$-invariant $R$-matrix as the basic example, however, we also describe possible generalizations. We give recursions and explicit formulas for the Bethe vectors. We also give a representation for the Bethe vectors in the form of a trace formula.
description: 59 pages, 6 figures, lectures at the Les Houches summer school 2018
Supernova remnants and gamma-ray sources
Creators: name: Torres, Diego F.
name: Romero, Gustavo E.
name: Dame, Thomas M.
name: Combi, Jorge A.
name: Butt, Yousaf M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A review of the possible relationship between gamma-ray sources and supernova remnants (SNRs) is presented. Particular emphasis is given to the analysis of the observational status of the problem of cosmic ray acceleration at SNR shock fronts. All positional coincidences between SNRs and unidentified gamma-ray sources listed in the Third EGRET Catalog at low Galactic latitudes are discussed on a case by case basis. For several coincidences of particular interest, new CO(J=1-0) and radio continuum maps are shown, and the mass content of the SNR surroundings is determined. The contribution to the gamma-ray flux observed that might come from cosmic ray particles (particularly nuclei) locally accelerated at the SNR shock fronts is evaluated. We discuss the prospects for future research in this field and remark on the possibilities for observations with forthcoming gamma-ray instruments.
description: Final version of a review article, to appear in the Physics Reports (82 pages, 31 figures). Figures requiring high quality are just too large and too many to be included here. Please download them from http://www.angelfire.com/id/dtorres/down3.html
Purana Distant 1905
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Purana

description: Genus Purana Distant, 1905
Purana Distant, 1905a: 60.
Type species: Dundubia tigrina Walker, 1850.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2010, A checklist of Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) from Cambodia, with two new species and a key to the genus Lemuriana, pp. 19-32 in Zootaxa 2487 on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2487.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/195531
Stationary optomechanical entanglement between a mechanical oscillator and its measurement apparatus
Creators: name: Gut, C.
name: Winkler, K.
name: Hoelscher-Obermaier, J.
name: Hofer, S. G.
name: Nia, R. Moghadas
name: Walk, N.
name: Steffens, A.
name: Eisert, J.
name: Wieczorek, W.
name: Slater, J. A.
name: Aspelmeyer, M.
name: Hammerer, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide an argument to infer stationary entanglement between light and a mechanical oscillator based on continuous measurement of light only. We propose an experimentally realizable scheme involving an optomechanical cavity driven by a resonant, continuous-wave field operating in the non-sideband-resolved regime. This corresponds to the conventional configuration of an optomechanical position or force sensor. We show analytically that entanglement between the mechanical oscillator and the output field of the optomechanical cavity can be inferred from the measurement of squeezing in (generalized) Einstein-Podolski-Rosen quadratures of suitable temporal modes of the stationary light field. Squeezing can reach levels of up to 50% of noise reduction below shot noise in the limit of large quantum cooperativity. Remarkably, entanglement persists even in the opposite limit of small cooperativity. Viewing the optomechanical device as a position sensor, entanglement between mechanics and light is an instance of object-apparatus entanglement predicted by quantum measurement theory.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
The identification of novel factors required for the development of primordial germ cells
Creators: name: Oliveira, Gonçalo Pizarro Madureira Salgado De
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: DNA repair
Primordial germ cells
CRISPR/Cas9 screening

description: DNA is constantly exposed to both exogenous and endogenous sources of DNA damage. Therefore, organisms evolved a plethora of DNA repair pathways to repair these distinct lesions and prevent mutations from arising. Mutations that occur in somatic cells can lead to disease, which may be detrimental to that single individual. However, germ line mutations can be passed on to the next generation. These mutations not only drive genome evolution but can also impair the fitness of the offspring. It has been shown that primordial germ cells (PGCs), the germ cells specified during embryonic development, have the highest mutation frequency compared to germ cells belonging to other stages of gametogenesis. Furthermore, mutations in PGCs are particularly important because mutations in these cells can affect multiple offspring. Evidence shows that during PGC development, which entails extensive genomic and epigenomic transactions, there is the generation of DNA damage. However, the DNA repair pathways used in PGCs and the nature of DNA damage encountered by these cells which can provide mechanistic insight into how mutagenesis is suppressed in the germ line remains largely unexplored. Here we describe the use of an in vitro system that generates PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) from ESCs to discover novel factors required for PGC development. Using this system, we have firstly shown that we can recapitulate the genetic requirement for DNA repair in PGCLCs in vitro. Secondly, we coupled this system with CRISPR/Cas9 screening technology, which permitted us to identify novel factors required during the development of PGCLCs. We identified the translesion synthesis (TLS) factor Rev1 as a key factor involved in PGCLC development. Furthermore, we validated this requirement in vivo and showed that absence of Rev1 causes a numeric reduction in PGCs during the migratory period of PGC development. We also identified additional factors, namely involved in homologous recombination, chromosome cohesion which will be investigated in the future. This screen permitted the identification for the first time of the requirement for TLS in PGCs suggesting that the germ cell lineage may employ this mutagenic pathway to promote genome evolution.
description: PD/BD/105747/2014 - PhD fellowship provided by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology Strauss Bequest Fund
The Formation of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in the RomulusC Galaxy Cluster Simulation
Creators: name: Tremmel, Michael
name: Wright, Anna C.
name: Brooks, Alyson M.
name: Munshi, Ferah
name: Nagai, Daisuke
name: Quinn, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the origins of 122 ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the {\sc RomulusC} zoom-in cosmological simulation of a galaxy cluster (M$_{200} = 1.15\times10^{14}$ M$_{\odot}$), one of the only such simulations capable of resolving the evolution and structure of dwarf galaxies (M$_{\star} < 10^9$ M$_{\odot}$). We find broad agreement with observed cluster UDGs and predict that they are not separate from the overall cluster dwarf population. UDGs in cluster environments form primarily from dwarf galaxies that experienced early cluster in-fall and subsequent quenching due to ram pressure. The ensuing dimming of these dwarf galaxies due to passive stellar evolution results in a population of very low surface brightness galaxies that are otherwise typical dwarfs. UDGs and non-UDGs alike are affected by tidal interactions with the cluster potential. Tidal stripping of dark matter, as well as mass loss from stellar evolution, results in the adiabatic expansion of stars, particularly in the lowest mass dwarfs. High mass dwarf galaxies show signatures of tidal heating while low mass dwarfs that survive until $z=0$ typically have not experienced such impulsive interactions. There is little difference between UDGs and non-UDGs in terms of their dark matter halos, stellar morphology, colors, and location within the cluster. In most respects cluster UDG and non-UDGs alike are similar to isolated dwarf galaxies, except for the fact that they are typically quenched.
description: 26 Pages, 22 Figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Christian Perronne
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques (1942-2020)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: 1 fichier (3 pages)
description: Autres destinataires : Dominique Mathez, Pierre de Truchis, Jean-Claude Melchior, Damien Le Dû, et al.
D4.1 - Strategies for Improving Data Monetization (M24)
Creators: name: Laihem, Ilyas
name: Loers, Martin
name: Roye, Dominik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: - Pending approval by the European Commission -

This document outlines strategies for improving data monetisation, building on a comprehensive literature review and analysis of existing industry practices. It presents a framework that identifies and categorises various monetisation strategies based on a structured questionnaire, providing tools to enhance accessibility to the strategy topic for the users of the platform. Among these tools are a 4x4 Pathway Matrix and a questionnaire designed to guide organisations in selecting appropriate monetisation approaches. These tools facilitate effective data utilisation, ultimately driving value creation and fostering a sustainable data economy. The framework serves as a practical guide for organisations seeking to optimise their data monetisation efforts in a rapidly evolving market.