cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Loop Quantum Cosmology: Physics of Singularity Resolution and its Implications
Creators: name: Li, Bao-Fei
name: Singh, Parampreet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The occurrence of singularities where spacetime curvature becomes infinite and geodesic evolution breaks down are inevitable events in classical general relativity (GR) unless one chooses an exotic matter violating weak energy condition. These singularities show up in various physical processes, such as the gravitational collapse, the birth of the universe in the standard cosmology as well as the classical solutions of the black hole spacetimes. In the last two decades, a rigorous understanding of the dynamics of quantum spacetime and the way it resolves singularities has been achieved in loop quantum cosmology (LQC) which applies the concepts and techniques of loop quantum gravity to the symmetry reduced cosmological spacetimes. Due to the fundamental discreteness of quantum geometry derived from the quantum theory, the big bang singularity has been robustly shown to be replaced by a big bounce. Strong curvature singularities intrinsic in the classical cosmology are generically resolved for a variety of cosmological spacetimes including anisotropic models and polarized Gowdy models. Using effective spacetime description the LQC universe also provides an ultra-violet complete description of the classical inflationary scenario as well as its alternatives such as the ekpyrotic and matter bounce scenarios. In this chapter we provide a summary of singularity resolution and its physical implications for various isotropic and anisotropic cosmological spacetimes in LQC and analyze robustness of results through variant models originating from different quantization prescriptions.
description: 48 pages, 3 figures. Invited chapter to appear in the "Handbook of Quantum Gravity", edited by Cosimo Bambi, Leonardo Modesto and Ilya Shapiro, Springer (2023)
BioExcel Webinar #40 - Software Sustainability: Why and How to do it
Creators: name: Crouch, Steve
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: webinar

description: Software has a crucial role in the research process across many disciplines. As it continues to underpin our science and help push the boundaries of what is achievable, it becomes increasingly important that the sustainability of our software is given sufficient attention to ensure it can continue to evolve and grow to meet ever-changing research goals. In this webinar we’ll explore the importance of research software, and the practices we can employ to develop it to help ensure its sustainability in the short, medium, and long term. We’ll also look at the different and emerging styles of Management Plans for software, and how software evaluation can identify areas for improvement and assist in the shaping of future development goals, and the potential for automation to allow evaluation to be conducted at scale.
Siamo soli nell’universo? Forse no
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

La presenza di forme di vita intelligenti nell’universo potrebbe essere meno improbabile di quel che si pensa. Lo suggerisce un articolo pubblicato su Science Advances. Lo studio propone un nuovo modello per spiegare l'evoluzione della vita complessa, alternativo alla teoria dei “passaggi difficili” di Brandon Carter, secondo cui l'umanità potrebbe essere il risultato di un processo evolutivo che ha interessato il nostro e forse molti altri pianeti
La forza delle maree su Titano
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Due scienziati hanno calcolato che, alla velocità con cui l'orbita di Titano sta cambiando, il satellite avrebbe dovuto raggiungere un'orbita circolare entro circa 350 milioni di anni. Il fatto che Titano possieda ancora un'orbita eccentrica suggerisce che negli ultimi 350 milioni di anni sia accaduto qualcosa in grado di perturbare il suo percorso orbitale. Tutti i dettagli su Science Advances
Large closed queueing networks in semi-Markov environment and their application
Creators: name: Abramov, V. M.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The paper studies closed queueing networks containing a server station and k client stations. The server station is an infinite server queueing system, and client stations are single-server queueing systems with autonomous service, i.e. every client station serves customers (units) only at random instants generated by a strictly stationary and ergodic sequence of random variables. The total number of units in the network is N. The expected times between departures in client stations are (N μ j )-1. After a service completion in the server station, a unit is transmitted to the jth client station with probability p j (j=1,2,...,k), and being processed in the jth client station, the unit returns to the server station. The network is assumed to be in a semi-Markov environment. A semi-Markov environment is defined by a finite or countable infinite Markov chain and by sequences of independent and identically distributed random variables. Then the routing probabilities p j (j=1,2,...,k) and transmission rates (which are expressed via parameters of the network) depend on a Markov state of the environment. The paper studies the queue-length processes in client stations of this network and is aimed to the analysis of performance measures associated with this network. The questions risen in this paper have immediate relation to quality control of complex telecommunication networks, and the obtained results are expected to lead to the solutions to many practical problems of this area of research.
Disease-associated loci share properties with response eQTLs under common environmental exposures
Creators: name: Lin, Wenhe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2026

description: Many of the genetic loci associated with disease are expected to have context-dependent regulatory effects that are underrepresented in the transcriptomes of healthy, steady-state adult tissues. To understand gene regulation across diverse environmental conditions and cellular contexts, we treated a broad array of human cell types with three environmental exposures in vitro. With single-cell RNA-sequencing data from 1.4 million cells across 51 individuals, we identified hundreds of response expression quantitative loci (eQTLs) that are associated with inter-individual differences in regulatory changes following treatment with nicotine, caffeine, or ethanol in diverse cell types. We also identified dynamic regulatory effects that vary across differentiation trajectories in response to exposure. In contrast to steady-state eQTLs, and similar to disease risk loci, response eQTLs are enriched in distal enhancers and are regulating genes that experienced strong selective constraint, contain complex regulatory landscapes, and display diverse biological functions. We identified response eQTLs that coincide with disease-associated loci not explained by steady-state eQTLs. Our results highlight the complexity of genetic regulatory effects and suggest that our ability to interpret disease-associated loci will benefit from the pursuit of studies of gene-by-environment interactions in diverse biological contexts.
Hairygami: Analysis of DNA Nanostructures' Conformational Change Driven by Functionalizable Overhangs
Creators: name: Sample, Matthew
name: Liu, Hao
name: Diep, Thong
name: Matthies, Michael
name: Šulc, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: DNA origami is a widely used method to construct nanostructures by self-assembling designed DNA strands. These structures are often used as "pegboards" for templated assembly of proteins, gold nanoparticles, aptamers, and other molecules, with applications ranging from therapeutics and diagnostics to plasmonics and photonics.
 Imaging these structures using AFM or TEM does not capture their full conformation ensemble as they only show their shape flattened on a surface. However, certain conformations of the nanostructure can position guest molecules into distances unaccounted for in their intended design, thus leading to spurious interactions between guest molecules that are designed to be separated. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to capture conformational ensemble of 2D DNA origami tiles and show that introducing single-stranded overhangs, which are typically used for functionalization of the origami with guest molecules, induces a curvature of the tile structure in the bulk. We show that the shape deformation is of entropic origin, with implications for design of robust DNA origami breadboards as well as potential approach to modulate structure shape by introducing overhangs. We then verify experimentally that the DNA overhangs introduce curvature into the DNA origami tiles in divalent as well as monovalent salt buffer conditions. We further experimentally verify that DNA origami functionalized with attached proteins also experience such induced curvature. We provide the developed simulation code implementing the enhanced sampling to characterize conformational space of DNA origami as open source software.
Tylos e la sua atmosfera impetuosa
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

“Oltre la fantascienza”, la definiscono gli astronomi: le prime osservazioni in 3D dell’atmosfera di Wasp-121b rivelano un clima unico e correnti furiose. “Al confronto, persino i più violenti uragani del Sistema solare sembrano un venticello”, dice la prima autrice dell’articolo pubblicato oggi su Nature, Julia Victoria Seidel dell’Eso. Fra i coautori anche due astronomi dell’Inaf, Lorenzo Pino e Francesco Borsa
Ogni nana bianca esplode a modo suo
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Il 14 febbraio è stata pubblicata la Zwicky Transient Facility Dr2, con 3628 supernove di tipo Ia vicine, scoperte e classificate tra marzo 2018 e dicembre 2020. Si tratta della più grande release di questo tipo mai rilasciata, e aumenta di un ordine di grandezza il numero di oggetti ben caratterizzati a basso redshift. La sorprendente diversità riscontrata può avere implicazioni nella misura delle distanze nell'universo
Relationships between parental sleep quality, fatigue, cognitions about infant sleep, and parental depression pre and post-intervention for infant behavioral sleep problems
Creators: name: Hall, Wendy A.
name: Moynihan, Melissa
name: Bhagat, Radhika
name: Wooldridge, Joanne
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Background: Maternal and paternal depression has been associated with infants’ behavioral sleep problems. Behavioral sleep interventions, which alter parental cognitions about infant sleep, have improved infant sleep problems. This study reports relationships between parental depression, fatigue, sleep quality, and cognitions about infant sleep pre and post-intervention for a behavioral sleep problem. Methods This secondary analysis of data from Canadian parents (n = 455), with healthy infants aged 6-to-8-months exposed to a behavioral sleep intervention, examined baseline data and follow-up data from 18 or 24 weeks post intervention (group teaching or printed material) exposure. Parents reported on sleep quality, fatigue, depression, and cognitions about infant sleep. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s r and stepwise regression analysis. Results Parents’ fatigue, sleep quality, sleep cognitions, and depression scores were correlated at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, sleep quality (b = .52, 95% CI .19–.85), fatigue (b = .48, 95% CI .33–.63), doubt about managing infant sleep (b = .44, 95% CI .19–.69), and anger about infant sleep (b = .69, 95% CI .44–.94) were associated with mothers’ depression. At baseline, fathers’ depression related to sleep quality (b = .42, 95% CI .01–.83), fatigue (b = .47, 95% CI .32–.63), and doubt about managing infant sleep (b = .50, 95% CI .24–.76). At follow-up, mothers’ depression was associated with sleep quality (b = .76, 95% CI .41–1.12), fatigue (b = .25, 95% CI .14–.37), doubt about managing infant sleep (b = .44, 95% CI .16–.73), sleep anger (b = .31, 95% CI .02–.59), and setting sleep limits (b = −.22, 95% CI -.41-[−.03]). At follow-up, fathers’ depression related to sleep quality (b = .84, 95% CI .46–1.22), fatigue (b = .31, 95% CI .17–.45), sleep doubt (b = .34, 95% CI .05–.62), and setting sleep limits (b = .25, 95% CI .01–.49). Conclusions Mothers’ and fathers’ cognitions about infant sleep demonstrate complex relationships with their depression scores. While mothers’ setting sleep limit scores are associated with decreased depression scores, fathers’ setting limits scores are associated with increased depression scores. Parental doubts about managing infant sleep and difficulties with setting sleep limits require attention in interventions.
State-independent robust heat-bath algorithmic cooling of nuclear spins
Creators: name: Shende, Krishna
name: Arvind
name: Dorai, Kavita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the implementation of a recently proposed robust and state-independent heat-bath algorithmic cooling (HBAC) method [1] on an NMR quantum processor. While HBAC methods improve the purity of a quantum system via iterative unitary entropy compression, they are difficult to implement experimentally since they use sort operations that are different for each iteration. The new robust HBAC method proved that optimal HBAC is possible without prior state information and using a single fixed operation. We modified the protocol to experimentally perform efficient cooling of 13C and 15N spins and provide an optimal decomposition of this modified protocol in terms of quantum gates. This is the first time that optimal HBAC has been experimentally demonstrated on 15N spins. We examined the relaxation dynamics of these algorithmically cooled spins, in order to ascertain the effect of decoherence on the cooled states.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Tramonti madreperla su Marte
Creators: Chiara Badia
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Nuove immagini catturate dal rover Curiosity della Nasa rivelano una versione inaspettata di Marte, avvolto da spettacolari nuvole iridescenti e colorate. Si tratta delle  “nubi crepuscolari”, fonte di informazioni utili per comprendere l’atmosfera e il clima del pianeta. Compaiono durante l’autunno marziano ma – enigma ancora da risolvere – solo in determinate zone del pianeta
Gli ammassi globulari e i segreti delle galassie
Creators: Ufficio stampa Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Nelle osservazioni di gruppi di galassie realizzate con il telescopio italiano Vst in Cile, tra cui una nuova immagine del gruppo dominato dalla galassia Ngc 3640, gli ammassi globulari tracciano la storia e le dinamiche galattiche. Scoperte anche 17 nuove galassie nane nel gruppo. I risultati in due articoli guidati da Marco Mirabile e Pratik Lonare, dottorandi supportati dall'Istituto nazionale di astrofisica
Young Turks and new media: the construction of identity in an age of Islamophobia
Creators: name: Hopkins, Liza
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: The place of Islam in a multicultural society is high on the agenda of every Western nation at the moment. In the wake of a series of local and global events, Australia’s Muslims have found themselves in the glare of media scrutiny over what it means to be Australian and a Muslim. Increasingly, that media discourse contributes to a rising tide of anti-Islamic feeling, also known as Islamophobia, in the community. Diasporic communities across the globe are using new technology to overcome some of the structural difficulties inherent in being cast as ‘outsiders’, even in the country in which they were born. This paper examines the use of communications and media technologies to establish, assert and define social groups and notions of social identity, using a research project with Melbourne’s Turkish community as a case study. The qualitative research, which forms part of a broader study of the Turkish community in Melbourne, focuses on the experiences of a small cohort of young people of both first- and second-generation Turkish background, who are completing their education in the Australian university system. The very rapid recent spread of new information and communication technologies has had important repercussions for the way these young people communicate and maintain their interpersonal relationships, as well as the way they organise and communicate with wider networks of acquaintances, peers and communities of interest.
Survey on Adversarial Attack and Defense for Medical Image Analysis: Methods and Challenges
Creators: name: Dong, Junhao
name: Chen, Junxi
name: Xie, Xiaohua
name: Lai, Jianhuang
name: Chen, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning techniques have achieved superior performance in computer-aided medical image analysis, yet they are still vulnerable to imperceptible adversarial attacks, resulting in potential misdiagnosis in clinical practice. Oppositely, recent years have also witnessed remarkable progress in defense against these tailored adversarial examples in deep medical diagnosis systems. In this exposition, we present a comprehensive survey on recent advances in adversarial attacks and defenses for medical image analysis with a systematic taxonomy in terms of the application scenario. We also provide a unified framework for different types of adversarial attack and defense methods in the context of medical image analysis. For a fair comparison, we establish a new benchmark for adversarially robust medical diagnosis models obtained by adversarial training under various scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey paper that provides a thorough evaluation of adversarially robust medical diagnosis models. By analyzing qualitative and quantitative results, we conclude this survey with a detailed discussion of current challenges for adversarial attack and defense in medical image analysis systems to shed light on future research directions. Code is available on \href{https://github.com/tomvii/Adv_MIA}{\color{red}{GitHub}}.
description: Accepted by ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3702638)
Neural network assisted quantum state and process tomography using limited data sets
Creators: name: Gaikwad, Akshay
name: Bihani, Omkar
name: Arvind
name: Dorai, Kavita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study we employ a feed-forward artificial neural network (FFNN) architecture to perform tomography of quantum states and processes obtained from noisy experimental data. To evaluate the performance of the FFNN, we use a heavily reduced data set and show that the density and process matrices of unknown quantum states and processes can be reconstructed with high fidelity. We use the FFNN model to tomograph 100 two-qubit and 128 three-qubit states which were experimentally generated on a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum processor. The FFNN model is further used to characterize different quantum processes including two-qubit entangling gates, a shaped pulsed field gradient, intrinsic decoherence processes present in an NMR system, and various two-qubit noise channels (correlated bit flip, correlated phase flip and a combined bit and phase flip). The results obtained via the FFNN model are compared with standard quantum state and process tomography methods and the computed fidelities demonstrates that for all cases, the FFNN model outperforms the standard methods for tomography.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Vista su una caleidoscopica nursery stellare
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Lo European Southern Observatory ha pubblicato una straordinaria immagine da 80 milioni di pixel dell'ammasso stellare Rcw 38 acquisita dal suo telescopio Vista (Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy), in funzione nel deserto di Atacama all’Osservatorio del Paranal, in Cile
A QoS-Aware Uplink Spectrum and Power Allocation with Link Adaptation for Vehicular Communications in 5G networks
Creators: name: Thakur, Krishna Pal
name: Palit, Basabdatta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this work, we have proposed link adaptation-based joint spectrum and power allocation algorithms for the uplink communication in 5G Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) systems. In C-V2X, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) users share radio resources with vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) users. Existing works primarily focus on the optimal pairing of V2V and V2I users, assuming that each V2I user needs a single resource block (RB) while minimizing interference through power allocation. In contrast, in this work, we have considered that the number of RBs needed by the users is a function of their channel condition and Quality of Service (QoS) - a method called link adaptation. It effectively compensates for the frequent channel quality fluctuations at the high frequencies of 5G communication.5G uses a multi-numerology frame structure to support diverse QoS requirements, which has also been considered in this work.
 The first algorithm proposed in this article greedily allocates RBs to V2I users using link adaptation. It then uses the Hungarian algorithm to pair V2V with V2I users while minimizing interference through power allocation. The second proposed method groups RBs into resource chunks (RCs) and uses the Hungarian algorithm twice - first to allocate RCs to V2I users and then to pair V2I users with V2V users. Extensive simulations reveal that link adaptation increases the number of satisfied V2I users and their sum rate while also improving the QoS of V2I and V2V users, making it indispensable for 5G C-V2X systems.
description: 13 Pages, 12 figures
Phoenix A: vecchia fuori, giovane dentro
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Nucleo centrale dell'ammasso di galassie della Fenice, Phoenix A è una vecchia galassia che sforna stelle ad un ritmo forsennato. Un team di ricerca guidato dal Mit ha ora scoperto da dove viene il gas denso e freddo responsabile di questa insolita formazione di stelle, solitamente osservata solo nelle galassie più giovani. Tutti i dettagli su Nature
Sistema planetario in fuga nella Via Lattea
Creators: Federica Loiacono
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Un gruppo di astronomi guidato dalla Università del Maryland ha scoperto un sistema costituito da un esopianeta più grosso di Nettuno e da una piccola stella, che si muove ad alta velocità nella regione centrale della Via Lattea. Se confermato, si tratterebbe del sistema planetario più veloce mai osservato. I dettagli su The Astronomical Journal
Additional file 2 of Genome-wide identification of lysin motif containing protein family genes in eight rosaceae species, and expression analysis in response to pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea in Chinese white pear
Creators: name: Qiming Chen
name: Qionghou Li
name: Qiao, Xin
name: Yin, Hao
name: Shaoling Zhang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Gene position of PbrLYPs. The characters in blue indicate the chromosome or scaffold number. The height of columns in red indicate the length of chromosome. The number on the right side of the chromosome indicate the start position of each gene. Fig. S2 15 MEME motifs of LYPs. Over-represented motifs in Arabidopsis and the eight Rosaceae species were identified using the MEME tool. The stack’s height indicates the level of sequence conservation. The heights of the residues within the stack indicate the relative frequencies of each residue at that position. The star symbols under Motif 12 indicate the conservative positions for chitin binding. Fig. S3. Schematic diagram and distribution of conserved motifs among the LYP proteins of Arabidopsis and eight Rosaceae species. a: The schematic diagram of conserved motifs among the LYP proteins detected by NCBI Batch CD-Search. 4EBZ: the ectodomain of AtCERK1 in PDB databases ( https://www.rcsb.org/ ). b: The distribution of conserved motifs among the LYP proteins detected by MEME. The red and black squares represent non- and conservative MEME domains in the subfamily. The blue square represents the unique motif in LYK3a subgroup. Fig. S4 qRT-PCR analyses of the PbrLYP genes in Qiuzi pear leaves after B. dothidea infection. The pear actin was used as internal reference for the normalization. Asterisks indicated significant difference in statistics compared with 0dpi at the indicated time points (* P
La purezza dell’incontro fra due stelle di neutroni
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

È stata individuata una nuova fase nella fusione di stelle di neutroni, denominata long ringdown, che porta alla monocromaticità delle onde gravitazionali emesse dalla fusione stessa. Quando la rilevazione di tale segnale sarà possibile, presumibilmente già con l’Einstein Telescope, il long ringdown servirà come potente strumento per sondare gli interni delle stelle di neutroni e rivelare i segreti della materia al suo estremo
Studiando Ariel attraverso le sue crepe
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Lo scorso anno, Jwst scoprì ghiaccio d'anidride carbonica e monossido di carbonio sulla superficie di Ariel. Secondo un nuovo studio guidato dalla Johns Hopkins University, queste molecole potrebbero essere arrivate in superficie dall'interno, attraverso crepe chiamate solchi mediali che ricordano  i centri di espansione dei fondali oceanici presenti sulla Terra. Tutti i dettagli su Planetary Science Journal
A generic visual language technique for DSVL model refactoring to patterns
Creators: name: Li, Karen
name: Hosking, John
name: Grundy, John
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: As the popularity of domain-specific visual languages (DSVLs) grows, many concerns have arisen regarding quality assurance and evolvability of their designs (metamodels) as well as their model instances. We address some aspects of automated DSVL model instance modification for quality improvement based on refactoring specifications. We propose a graph transformation based visual language approach for DSVL authors to specify at the meta-model level the matching and discovery of DSVL model smells and the application of pattern solutions in a DSVL meta-tool. As an outcome, DSVL users will be provided with pattern-based design evolution support for their domain models.
Data-driven modelling of brain activity using neural networks, Diffusion Maps, and the Koopman operator
Creators: name: Gallos, Ioannis K.
name: Lehmberg, Daniel
name: Dietrich, Felix
name: Siettos, Constantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65P99, 46T10, 37N30, 68T05, 37M10

description: We propose a machine-learning approach to model long-term out-of-sample dynamics of brain activity from task-dependent fMRI data. Our approach is a three stage one. First, we exploit Diffusion maps (DMs) to discover a set of variables that parametrize the low-dimensional manifold on which the emergent high-dimensional fMRI time series evolve. Then, we construct reduced-order-models (ROMs) on the embedded manifold via two techniques: Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs) and the Koopman operator. Finally, for predicting the out-of-sample long-term dynamics of brain activity in the ambient fMRI space, we solve the pre-image problem coupling DMs with Geometric Harmonics (GH) when using FNNs and the Koopman modes per se. For our illustrations, we have assessed the performance of the two proposed schemes using a benchmark fMRI dataset with recordings during a visuo-motor task. The results suggest that just a few (for the particular task, five) non-linear coordinates of the high-dimensional fMRI time series provide a good basis for modelling and out-of-sample prediction of the brain activity. Furthermore, we show that the proposed approaches outperform the one-step ahead predictions of the naive random walk model, which, in contrast to our scheme, relies on the knowledge of the signals in the previous time step. Importantly, we show that the proposed Koopman operator approach provides, for any practical purposes, equivalent results to the FNN-GH approach, thus bypassing the need to train a non-linear map and to use GH to extrapolate predictions in the ambient fMRI space; one can use instead the low-frequency truncation of the DMs function space of L^2-integrable functions, to predict the entire list of coordinate functions in the fMRI space and to solve the pre-image problem.
Consumer preferences for food allergen labeling
Creators: name: Marra, Carlo A.
name: Harvard, Stephanie
name: Grubisic, Maja
name: Galo, Jessica
name: Clarke, Ann
name: Elliott, Susan
name: Lynd, Larry D.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Background: Food allergen labeling is an important tool to reduce risk of exposure and prevent anaphylaxis for individuals with food allergies. Health Canada released a Canadian food allergen labeling regulation (2008) and subsequent update (2012) suggesting that research is needed to guide further iterations of the regulation to improve food allergen labeling and reduce risk of exposure. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to examine consumer preferences in food labeling for allergy avoidance and anaphylaxis prevention. A secondary objective was to identify whether different subgroups within the consumer population emerged. Methods: A discrete choice experiment using a fractional factorial design divided into ten different versions with 18 choice-sets per version was developed to examine consumer preferences for different attributes of food labeling. Results: Three distinct subgroups of Canadian consumers with different allergen considerations and food allergen labeling needs were identified. Overall, preferences for standardized precautionary and safety symbols at little or no increased cost emerged. Conclusion: While three distinct groups with different preferences were identified, in general the results revealed that the current Canadian food allergen labeling regulation can be improved by enforcing the use of standardized precautionary and safety symbols and educating the public on the use of these symbols.
Neutrino record da 220 PeV al largo di Portopalo
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Un articolo pubblicato oggi su Nature dagli scienziati della Collaborazione Km3NeT riporta l’osservazione di un evento straordinario: un muone prodotto da un neutrino cosmico ad altissima energia, circa trenta volte più energetico di qualsiasi altro neutrino rilevato finora. A registrarne il passaggio, il 13 febbraio 2023, è stato uno dei due array di rivelatori sottomarini di Km3Net
L’eccentrico Wasp-43b
Creators: Rossella Spiga
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Continua a far parlare di sé l'esopianeta Wasp-43b. Dall'analisi dei nuovi dati del telescopio spaziale James Webb e di altre misure non ancora utilizzate ottenute dallo spettrografo Harps dell’Eso, in Cile, sono emerse informazioni non coerenti con il modello precedente. Per spiegare l'anomalia, i ricercatori hanno ipotizzato che il pianeta ruoti molto più velocemente del previsto. Con un commento di Lorenzo Pino dell'Inaf di Arcetri.
Intrinsically patterned two-dimensional transition metal halides
Creators: name: Xiang, Feifei
name: Bisht, Neeta
name: Da, Binbin
name: Mohammed, Mohammed S. G.
name: Neiß, Christian
name: Görling, Andreas
name: Maier, Sabine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Patterning and defect engineering are key methods to tune 2D materials' properties. However, generating 2D periodic patterns of point defects in 2D materials has been elusive until now, despite the well-established methods for creating isolated point defects and defect lines. Herein, we report on intrinsically patterned 2D transition metal dihalides on metal surfaces featuring periodic halogen vacancies that result in alternating coordination of the transition metal atoms throughout the film. Using low-temperature scanning probe microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction, we identified the structural properties of patterned FeBr$_2$ and CoBr$_2$ monolayers grown epitaxially on Au(111). Density-functional theory reveals that the Br-vacancies are facilitated by low formation energies and accompanied by a lateral softening of the layers leading to a significant reduction of the lattice mismatch to the underlying Au(111). We demonstrate that interfacial epitaxial strain engineering presents a versatile strategy for controlled patterning in 2D. In particular, patterning 2D magnets provides new pathways to create unconventional spin textures with non-collinear spin.
I grandi ricevitori Cherenkov al mondo
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

I neutrini sono particelle subatomiche di massa piccolissima e carica elettrica nulla, molto difficili da rilevare perché interagiscono debolmente con la materia. A oggi esistono molteplici esperimenti per osservarli, in tutto il mondo, impiegando diverse tecniche. Riportiamo una panoramica di questi esperimenti, con particolare attenzione ai rivelatori di neutrini basati sulla radiazione Cherenkov, tra cui Km3NeT
Voxel-wise classification for porosity investigation of additive manufactured parts with 3D unsupervised and (deeply) supervised neural networks
Creators: name: Iuso, Domenico
name: Chatterjee, Soumick
name: Cornelissen, Sven
name: Verhees, Dries
name: De Beenhouwer, Jan
name: Sijbers, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additive Manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a manufacturing process that allows the direct production of samples from digital models. To ensure that quality standards are met in all manufactured samples of a batch, X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) is often used combined with automated anomaly detection. For the latter, deep learning (DL) anomaly detection techniques are increasingly, as they can be trained to be robust to the material being analysed and resilient towards poor image quality. Unfortunately, most recent and popular DL models have been developed for 2D image processing, thereby disregarding valuable volumetric information.
 This study revisits recent supervised (UNet, UNet++, UNet 3+, MSS-UNet) and unsupervised (VAE, ceVAE, gmVAE, vqVAE) DL models for porosity analysis of AM samples from X-CT images and extends them to accept 3D input data with a 3D-patch pipeline for lower computational requirements, improved efficiency and generalisability. The supervised models were trained using the Focal Tversky loss to address class imbalance that arises from the low porosity in the training datasets. The output of the unsupervised models is post-processed to reduce misclassifications caused by their inability to adequately represent the object surface. The findings were cross-validated in a 5-fold fashion and include: a performance benchmark of the DL models, an evaluation of the post-processing algorithm, an evaluation of the effect of training supervised models with the output of unsupervised models. In a final performance benchmark on a test set with poor image quality, the best performing supervised model was UNet++ with an average precision of 0.751 $\pm$ 0.030, while the best unsupervised model was the post-processed ceVAE with 0.830 $\pm$ 0.003. The VAE/ceVAE models demonstrated superior capabilities, particularly when leveraging post-processing techniques.
Là dove la turbolenza viene meno
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Alla periferia della Via Lattea, nelle regioni del disco esterno, dove le stelle si formano in nubi molecolari a bassa metallicità, a impedire il collasso gravitazionale del gas freddo sono soprattutto i campi magnetici. È quanto suggerisce uno studio pubblicato il mese scorso su Nature Astronomy da un team guidato dall’Università di Nanchino, in Cina
A Framework of Seamless Learning in Higher Education – A Study from an IT Faculty
Creators: name: FUI CHIN HIEW
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This research uses the Constructivist Grounded Theory Methodology to explore how learning and teaching could happen seamlessly in a technology-rich higher education environment (TRHEE). The research contributes a theoretical framework for educational technology integration. The framework consists of three main aspects to realize a seamless educational environment: (1) a technology integration direction, (2) possible usage of an online learning community platform for integration and (3) a learning design concept. The framework explains how to assimilate learning to students' lives seamlessly, and highlights that educational technology integration should provide students and educators with natural educational technology experience.
Circular Economy Pathways for PV Waste Management in Australia
Creators: name: Nunez Madrigal, Alejandra
Publisher: name: RMIT University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 330203
subject: Building industry studies
classificationCode: 330206
subject: Building science, technologies and systems

description: Photovoltaic (PV) technologies are an emergent solution in the renewable energy industry due to their low carbon emission benefits. PVs are evolving and being installed at an increasing rate worldwide. However, if mismanaged, PVs at their end-of- life can represent a toxic hazard and a loss of valuable materials.
This study aims to build upon existing research on PV waste management by drawing on circular economy concepts. Derived from the literature, the ReSOLVE framework and the 10 Rs for circularity are used to unveil potential pathways for circular PV waste management in Australia.
The methodology for the research used qualitative methods and design thinking processes. Nineteen semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from academia, government, PV organisations, installers and retailers provided valuable insights, which were used to develop the outcomes of the study. These insights were overlapped with desktop research, which resulted in a system theory diagram and related actions proposed for each stakeholder to support the creation of a circular PV waste management system in Australia.
The results of the research provided suggestions in three segments; regulations, policy and social, as these need to be addressed simultaneously to enable behavioural change. Social research methods are required to address the lack of trust and transparency that are necessary to create a circular PV waste management system. Social collaboration can take place when there is a regulatory framework that aligns with local/national infrastructure and technical capacity. Research on technical development in environmentally friendly recycling processes, safety and performance certifications for reused PV panels and recovered materials is fundamental for creating circular markets for PV waste.
Geschichte von Tomboy
Creators: name: Parel, Tezza O.
Publisher: name: südostasien informationen
Year: 2018

description: Allein in Olongapos "Erholungs- und Vergnügungsindustrie” arbeiten 16 000 ”hospitality-girls” als Kellnerinnen, Go-go-Tänzerinnen, Künstlerinnen in Sex-Shows und Barfrauen in den ca. 500 Bars, Clubs, Hotels, Restaurants und Saunabädem. 3000 Frauen, die auf den Straßenstrich gehen, und die wachsende Anzahl von Kinderprostituierten haben keine Lizenz und somit keinen Zugang zu staatlicher oder privater Gesundheitsversorgung. 90 % der Prostituierten sind drogenabhängig. Der Heroin- und Marihuanahandel floriert in Olongapo und Angeles besonders. Valium mit Bier oder Hustensaft ist die favorisierte Droge, legal zu beziehen und billig. 3000 Kinder leben, allein auf sich gestellt, u.a. in Nachtklubs auf der Magsaysay. 80 % sind süchtig und schnüffeln eine Aceton-Mischung.
description: südostasien informationen, Bd. 4 Nr. 1 (1988): südostasien informationen
Additional file 2 of Lgr5 and stem/progenitor gene expression in gastric/gastroesophageal junction carcinoma – significance of potentially retained stemness
Creators: name: Ju-Yoon Yoon
name: Brezden-Masley, Christine
name: Streutker, Catherine J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2.
Optimal Control of McKean-Vlasov equations with controlled stochasticity
Creators: name: Di Persio, Luca
name: Kuchling, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49J20, 49K20, 49K45, 93E20

description: In this article, we analyse the existence of an optimal feedback controller of stochastic optimal control problems governed by SDEs which have the control in the diffusion part. To this end, we consider the underlying Fokker-Planck equation to transform the stochastic optimal control problem into a deterministic problem with open-loop controller.
Additional file 1 of Lgr5 and stem/progenitor gene expression in gastric/gastroesophageal junction carcinoma – significance of potentially retained stemness
Creators: name: Ju-Yoon Yoon
name: Brezden-Masley, Christine
name: Streutker, Catherine J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Learning and assessing for future imagined communities: academic writing texts within portfolios
Creators: name: Romova, Zina
name: Andrew, Martin
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: How can first year, tertiary-level EAL academic writing programmes for adult learners use both portfolio assessment and emerging understandings about the importance of discourse community and imagined communities to target participant needs? This paper considers the value of portfolios as sites for practising membership of future imagined communities (Anderson, 1983; Kanno & Norton, 2003). Portfolios can achieve this through reproducing texts similar to the authentic artefacts of those discourse communities (Flowerdew, 2000; Hyland, 2003, 2005). Teaching and learning via portfolio involves multidrafting, where learners reflect on the learning of a text type characteristic of students’ future imagined communities. We begin with Hamp-Lyons and Condon’s belief (2000) that portfolios “critically engage students and teachers in continual discussion, analysis and evaluation of their processes and progress as writers, as reflected in multiple written products” (p.15) and outline a situated pedagogical approach, where students report on their improvement across three portfolio drafts and assess their learning reflectively. This approach is compatible with established research into the value of genre as a way of socialising learners to future discourse communities. A multicultural group of 41 learners enrolled in the degree-level course Academic Writing (AW) at a tertiary institution in New Zealand took part in a study reflecting on this approach to building awareness of one’s own writing. Focus group interviews with a researcher at the final stage of the programme provided qualitative data, transcribed and analysed using textual analysis methods (Ryan and Bernard, 2003). One of the key benefits identified was that the chance to produce and reproduce texts perceived as useful to the students’ immediate futures was reflected in the overall value of the portfolio-focussed academic writing programme.
La Terra che rileva la Terra
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2025

Se esistesse una civiltà extraterrestre con una tecnologia simile alla nostra, sarebbe in grado di rilevare prove dell’esistenza della specie umana? In caso affermativo, quali segnali rileverebbe e da quale distanza? Uno studio pubblicato su Astronomical Journal risponde a queste domande per una serie di tecnosegnali di origine terrestre che potrebbero essere osservati da presunte civiltà extraterrestri
''... der demokratische Freiraum wird schmaler und schmaler''
Creators: name: Diokno, Maris Serena
name: Inda, Datu
name: Hafner, Gabie
Publisher: name: südostasien informationen
Year: 2018

description: Paramilitärische Vigilante-Gruppen, die im vergangenen Jahr für eine akute Verschlechterung der Menschenrechtssituation auf den Philippinen sorgten und Flüchtlingsströme auslösten, gibt es mittlerweile fast flächendeckend in den meisten Provinzen des Landes. Über fünfzig solcher Gruppen, die sich "Vigilantes” nennen, was soviel wie Wächter bedeutet, werden allein für die südliche Hauptinsel Mindanao aufgelistet. Die klangvollen Namen wie ”Neue Kreuzfahrer”, "Operationseinheit Demokratie” oder Christliche Befreiungsarmee” stehen im krassen Gegensatz zur Brutalität ihres Vorgehens gegen angebliche Rebellen oder Kommunisten. Unter dem Vorwand, Demokratie und Frieden wahren zu wollen, beseitigen die Vigilantes Mitarbeiter von Bauernverbänden, Gewerkschaften, engagierte Mitglieder von Basisgemeinden und wen immer sie liquidieren wollen. Das Militär und zum Teil auch zivile Autoritäten decken das Vorgehen dieser Gruppen und unterstützen es oft genug verbal oder sogar materiell. Der Radioansager Jun Pala, einer der Hauptagitatoren der Alsa Masa-Vigilantes in Davao City hat bei den Lokalwahlen im Januar für das Bürgermeisteramt der zweitgrößten philippinischen Stadt kandidiert. Seine Kampagne schien finanziell gut gestützt zu sein. Doch die Wahl gewann der unabhängige Kandidat Rodrigo Doterte, bisher Vizebürgermeister, der als eher progressiv und offen für die Arbeit von Menschenrechtsorganisationen bekannt ist. Zeichen der Hoffnung werden auch aus der Provinz Davao del Sur gemeldet, einer Hochburg der NAKASAKA-Gruppe, im Volksmund nur noch NAKASAKA-country genannt: Viele Bauern hätten sich von der Vigilante-Gruppe wieder abgewandt, als sie merkten, daß ihre Feldarbeit wegen der vielen Patroulliengänge zu kurz kam und die Erträge zurückgingen. Die Regierung in Manila spricht sich weiterhin für den Ausbau des Netzes von "zivilen Selbstverteidigungseinheiten” aus, das der philippinischen Aufstandsbekämpfung vom CIA auf den Leib geschneidert wurde. Auch in der Hauptstadt Manila wurde mit der Rekrutierung von Vigilantes begonnen. Tausende aus den Slum vierteln meldeten sich, denn dafür gab es Geld. Das erste der beiden im folgenden abgedruckten Interviews zeigt die Position von Gegnern der Vigilantes und beschreibt die Auswirkungen dieser Terrorbanden auf das Leben der Filipinos. Im zweiten Gespräch berichtet der Anführer einer Vigilante-Gruppe auf Mindanao von deren Arbeit.
description: südostasien informationen, Bd. 4 Nr. 1 (1988): südostasien informationen