cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Strain‐Induced Distortions Modulate the Optoelectronic Properties of Epitaxial BiVO4 Films
Creators: name: Fernandez, Erwin N.
name: Grave, Daniel A.
name: Van De Krol, Roel
name: Abdi, Fatwa F.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: epitaxial films
subject: epitaxial strain
subject: pulsed laser deposition

description: Transition metal oxide (TMO) photoabsorbers are expected to play an important role in the development of renewable solar-to-fuel devices. Modest efficiencies have been demonstrated with devices based on TMO photoabsorbers, and further progress will likely rely on material property control beyond conventional bulk chemistry or nanostructuring strategies. To this end, model TMO photoabsorbers such as single crystalline monoclinic bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) are beneficial to advance the understanding of structure-functionality relationships with minimal convoluted effects inherent in polycrystalline systems. Here, the authors reveal for the first time the effects of strain modulation strategies on the optoelectronic properties of epitaxial BiVO4 films synthesized by alternate-target layer-by-layer pulsed laser deposition. Through a combination of high-resolution X-ray diffraction methods and optical and photoluminescence spectroscopies, the correlation between anisotropic, uniaxial strain-driven bandgap widening and deviatoric strains associated with volume-preserving lattice distortions is established. Broad polaronic photoluminescence signals are detected in epitaxial BiVO4, and its redshift is attributed to the structural distortion in BiO8 dodecahedra. Overall, the relationship between the structural and optoelectronic properties revealed in this study suggests that strain modulation and engineering of local distortion in complex transition metal oxides may be exploited as a viable strategy for the development of efficient photoabsorbers.
Strongly star-forming rotating disks in a complex merging system at z = 4,7 as revealed by ALMA
Creators: name: Carniani, S.
name: Marconi, A.
name: Biggs, A.
name: Cresci, G.
name: Cupani, G.
name: Odorico, V. D'
name: Humphreys, E.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Molaro, P.
name: Nagao, T.
name: Testi, L.
name: Zwaan, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed a kinematical analysis of the [CII] line emission of the BR 1202-0725 system at z~4,7 using ALMA observations. The most prominent sources of this system are a quasar and a submillimeter galaxy, separated by a projected distance of about 24 kpc and characterized by very high SFR, higher than 1000 Msun/yr. However, the ALMA observations reveal that these galaxies apparently have undisturbed rotating disks, which is at variance with the commonly accepted scenario in which strong star formation activity is induced by a major merger. We also detected faint components which, after spectral deblending, were spatially resolved from the main QSO and SMG emissions. The relative velocities and positions of these components are compatible with orbital motions within the gravitational potentials generated by the QSO host galaxy and the SMG, suggesting that they are smaller galaxies in interaction or gas clouds in accretion flows of tidal streams. We did not find any clear spectral evidence for outflows caused by AGN or stellar feedback. This suggests that the high star formation rates might be induced by interactions or minor mergers with these companions, which do not affect the large-scale kinematics of the disks, however. Our kinematical analysis also indicates that the QSO and the SMG have similar Mdyn, mostly in the form of molecular gas, and that the QSO host galaxy and the SMG are seen close to face-on with slightly different disk inclinations: the QSO host galaxy is seen almost face-on (i~15), while the SMG is seen at higher inclinations (i~25). Finally, the ratio between the black hole mass of the QSO, obtained from XShooter spectroscopy, and the Mdyn of the host galaxy is similar to value found in very massive local galaxies, suggesting that the evolution of black hole galaxy relations is probably better studied with dynamical than with stellar host galaxy masses.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
EDP-convergence for a linear reaction-diffusion system with fast reversible reaction
Creators: name: Stephan, Artur
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Markov process with detailed balance
subject: linear reaction-diffusion system
subject: gradient systems
subject: gradient flows
subject: evolutionary convergence
subject: Energy-Dissipation-Balance
subject: coarse-graining
subject: microscopic equilibrium
subject: Gamma-convergence
subject: 49S05
subject: 47J30
subject: 35A15
subject: 5K57
subject: 92E20
subject: 35Q84

description: We perform a fast-reaction limit for a linear reaction-diffusion system consisting of two diffusion equations coupled by a linear reaction. We understand the linear reaction-diffusion system as a gradient flow of the free energy in the space of probability measures equipped with a geometric structure, which contains the Wasserstein metric for the diffusion part and cosh-type functions for the reaction part. The fast-reaction limit is done on the level of the gradient structure by proving EDP-convergence with tilting. The limit gradient system induces a diffusion system with Lagrange multipliers on the linear slow-manifold. Moreover, the limit gradient system can be equivalently described by a coarse-grained gradient system, which induces a diffusion equation with a mixed diffusion constant for the coarse-grained slow variable.
Exploring Responses to Art in Adolescence: A Behavioral and Eye-Tracking Study
Creators: name: Savazzi, Federica
name: Massaro, Davide
name: Di Dio, Cinzia
name: Gallese, Vittorio
name: Gilli, Gabriella
name: Marchetti, Antonella
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Eye--Movements
Art
Adolescent psychology
Developmental psychology

description: Adolescence is a peculiar age mainly characterized by physical and psychological changes that may affect the perception of one's own and others' body. This perceptual peculiarity may influence the way in which bottom-up and top-down processes interact and, consequently, the perception and evaluation of art. This study is aimed at investigating, by means of the eye-tracking technique, the visual explorative behavior of adolescents while looking at paintings. Sixteen color paintings, categorized as dynamic and static, were presented to twenty adolescents; half of the images represented natural environments and half human individuals; all stimuli were displayed under aesthetic and movement judgment tasks. Participants' ratings revealed that, generally, nature images are explicitly evaluated as more appealing than human images. Eye movement data, on the other hand, showed that the human body exerts a strong power in orienting and attracting visual attention and that, in adolescence, it plays a fundamental role during aesthetic experience. In particular, adolescents seem to approach human-content images by giving priority to elements calling forth movement and action, supporting the embodiment theory of aesthetic perception.
Static Gauge and Energy Spectrum of Single-mode Strings in AdS_5xS^5
Creators: name: Frolov, Sergey
name: Heinze, Martin
name: Jorjadze, George
name: Plefka, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the notorious difficulties in determining the first quantum corrections to the spectrum of short strings in AdS_5xS^5 from first principles, we study closed bosonic strings in this background employing a static gauge. In this gauge the world-sheet Hamiltonian density is constant along the extension of the string and directly proportional to the square of the spacetime energy. We quantize this system in a minisuperspace approach, in which we consider only a single AdS_5 string mode excitation next to an arbitrary particle like zero-mode contribution in the full AdS_5xS^5 background. We determine the quantum spectrum using this method to the next-to-next-to-leading order in the large 't Hooft coupling expansion. We argue for an ordering prescription which should arise from supersymmetrization and indeed recover the integrability based predictions for the spectrum of the lightest excitation, dual to the Konishi field scaling dimensions. The higher excitations fail to agree, but this is shown to be a consequence of the string mode truncation employed. Despite this simple setup, our system reveals intriguing features, such as a close connection to particles in AdS_6, classical integrability and preservation of the isometries of AdS_5xS^5 at the quantum level.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure
Comparison of mosquito and fly derived DNA as a tool for sampling vertebrate biodiversity in suburban forests in Berlin, Germany
Creators: name: Danabalan, Renita
name: Planillo, Aimara
name: Butschkau, Susanne
name: Deeg, Sita
name: Pierre, Gras
name: Thion, Cincia
name: Calvignac‐Spencer, Sébastien
name: Kramer‐Schadt, Stephanie
name: Mazzoni, Camila
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::577 Ökologie
subject: DNA metabarcoding
subject: iDNA
subject: mammals
subject: mosquito bloodmeal
subject: non‐invasive sampling
subject: urban ecology

description: The use of invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) is a promising non-invasive tool to monitor wildlife. While most studies have been carried out in dense tropical and sub-tropical forests and have focused on the use of a single category of invertebrates, this study compares the use of flies and mosquitoes-derived DNA to assess vertebrate diversity in semi-urban environments. We conducted our sampling in four different forest plots in Berlin, Germany. Pools of flies and non-bloodfed mosquitoes were metabarcoded using 108-bp vertebrate-specific 12 S rRNA (12 S-V5) and 94-bp mammal-specific 16 S rRNA (16Smam) mitochondrial markers, and individual bloodfed mosquitoes were sequenced using the 340-bp vertebrate-specific 12 S rRNA fragment (Mam-12 S-340). Most sequencing was only successful for mammal species. From the fly pools, we detected 10 mammal species using 16Smam, and six species using 12 S-V5. From the non-bloodfed mosquito pools, we only amplified putative contaminant DNA, indicating that mosquito females without visual signs of a blood meal carry no traces of vertebrate DNA. Finally, in the bloodfed mosquitoes, we identified four mammal species. We did not find significant differences in the proportion of mammal species detected regarding the total available number of species between sampling localities. Fly samples were easier to obtain and more abundant over the sampled localities compared to mosquito samples. We conclude that, while there are a few advantages in using mosquito blood meals, the use of flies in the detection of wildlife in a suburban environment is more effective in terms of collection of samples and detection of vertebrates, although this technique is limited to few mammal species in the urban environment.
REVOLUTIONIZING EXPORT PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF NIGERIAN COMPANIES IN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES
Creators: name: Emeka, Chijioke Okoro
Publisher: name: kEITH jOURNAL
Year: 2025
Subjects: Innovation, Export Performance, Special Economic Zones

description: Given the scope and complexity of the issues at hand, a survey research strategy was adopted to investigate the impact of special economic zones in Nigeria on the innovation and export performance of multinational corporations. All of the SEZs in Lagos State that are operational make up the study population. A sample size of 250 employees were selected from the 11 operational SEZs in Lagos State. A method called "purposive sampling" was used in the research. Questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale were used to collect the bulk of the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. To determine if there are statistically significant relationships between the variables, a Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient analysis was performed. A favourable correlation between product, process, and marketing innovations and export performance was found through statistical analysis. The results of the study show a strong connection between innovation and the export success of businesses located in Nigeria's special economic zones. Businesses in SEZs should invest heavily in R&D to create cutting-edge products for the international market. In order to increase their export competitiveness, businesses in SEZs should undertake process audits and use cutting-edge manufacturing practices. Businesses operating in SEZs would do well to investigate innovative and individualized approaches to marketing in order to break into new international markets and clearly articulate the value they provide to clients in those countries
HIV-1 Specific IgA Detected in Vaginal Secretions of HIV Uninfected Women Participating in a Microbicide Trial in Southern Africa Are Primarily Directed Toward gp120 and gp140 Specificities
Creators: name: Seaton, Kelly E.
name: Ballweber, Lamar
name: Lan, Audrey
name: Donathan, Michele
name: Hughes, Sean
name: Vojtech, Lucia
name: Moody, M. Anthony
name: Liao, Hua-Xin
name: Haynes, Barton F.
name: Richardson, Barbra A.
name: Galloway, Christine G.
name: Karim, Salim Abdool
name: Dezzutti, Charlene S.
name: McElrath, M. Juliana
name: Tomaras, Georgia D.
name: Hladik, Florian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Vaginitis
subject: HIV antibodies
subject: HIV infections
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background

Many participants in microbicide trials remain uninfected despite ongoing exposure to HIV-1. Determining the emergence and nature of mucosal HIV-specific immune responses in such women is important, since these responses may contribute to protection and could provide insight for the rational design of HIV-1 vaccines.

Methods and Findings

We first conducted a pilot study to compare three sampling devices (Dacron swabs, flocked nylon swabs and Merocel sponges) for detection of HIV-1-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in vaginal secretions. IgG antibodies from HIV-1-positive women reacted broadly across the full panel of eight HIV-1 envelope (Env) antigens tested, whereas IgA antibodies only reacted to the gp41 subunit. No Env-reactive antibodies were detected in the HIV-negative women. The three sampling devices yielded equal HIV-1-specific antibody titers, as well as total IgG and IgA concentrations. We then tested vaginal Dacron swabs archived from 57 HIV seronegative women who participated in a microbicide efficacy trial in Southern Africa (HPTN 035). We detected vaginal IgA antibodies directed at HIV-1 Env gp120/gp140 in six of these women, and at gp41 in another three women, but did not detect Env-specific IgG antibodies in any women.

Conclusion

Vaginal secretions of HIV-1 infected women contained IgG reactivity to a broad range of Env antigens and IgA reactivity to gp41. In contrast, Env-binding antibodies in the vaginal secretions of HIV-1 uninfected women participating in the microbicide trial were restricted to the IgA subtype and were mostly directed at HIV-1 gp120/gp140.
DNA Barcoding Works in Practice but Not in (Neutral) Theory
Creators: name: Stoeckle, Mark Y.
name: Thaler, David S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mitochondria
subject: Animal mutation
subject: Birds
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background

DNA barcode differences within animal species are usually much less than differences among species, making it generally straightforward to match unknowns to a reference library. Here we aim to better understand the evolutionary mechanisms underlying this usual “barcode gap” pattern. We employ avian barcode libraries to test a central prediction of neutral theory, namely, intraspecific variation equals 2 Nµ, where N is population size and µ is mutations per site per generation. Birds are uniquely suited for this task: they have the best-known species limits, are well represented in barcode libraries, and, most critically, are the only large group with documented census population sizes. In addition, we ask if mitochondrial molecular clock measurements conform to neutral theory prediction of clock rate equals µ.

Results

Intraspecific COI barcode variation was uniformly low regardless of census population size (n = 142 species in 15 families). Apparent outliers reflected lumping of reproductively isolated populations or hybrid lineages. Re-analysis of a published survey of cytochrome b variation in diverse birds (n = 93 species in 39 families) further confirmed uniformly low intraspecific variation. Hybridization/gene flow among species/populations was the main limitation to DNA barcode identification.

Conclusions/Significance

To our knowledge, this is the first large study of animal mitochondrial diversity using actual census population sizes and the first to test outliers for population structure. Our finding of universally low intraspecific variation contradicts a central prediction of neutral theory and is not readily accounted for by commonly proposed ad hoc modifications. We argue that the weight of evidence–low intraspecific variation and the molecular clock–indicates neutral evolution plays a minor role in mitochondrial sequence evolution. As an alternate paradigm consistent with empirical data, we propose extreme purifying selection, including at synonymous sites, limits variation within species and continuous adaptive selection drives the molecular clock.
Hystrix Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix

description: Hystrix Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:56. REVIEWED BY: S. Wang (SW)(China). COMMENT: Includes Acanthion; see Starret, 1967, in Anderson and Jones, p. 257. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III as Hystrix spp. native to Ghana only. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410017002000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 569, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
من الدعوة إلى القوة تحولات السلفية المدخلية بمنطقة شمال إفريقيا (العدد الحادي عشر من مجلة قضايا التطرف والجماعات المسلحة)
Creators: name: Elgoumri, Soufiane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440217
subject: Terrorism

description: لقد كانت الإشكالية الأساسية التي أطرت هاته المحاولة البحثية هي: كيف يمكن تفسير تحول التيار المدخلي، من حركة دعوية اعتزالية، إلى تيار فاعل في الأزمات الجارية بمنطقة شمال افريقيا؟ ولأجل التعاطي مع الإشكالية السابقة، تم الانطلاق من جواب أولي هو أن “الظروف السياسية المضطربة والشروط الواقعية المتقلبة كلها عوامل أسهمت في تحول السلفية المدخلية بمنطقة شمال افريقيا من حركة محايدة تجاه قضايا الشأن العام إلى تيار منخرط في مختلف الأزمات والمشكلات السياسية والأمنية” تم الاعتماد على طرق نقدية في معالجة موضوعات البحث، وذلك من خلال تفكيك الخطاب المدخلي نظريا وعمليا، وقد قادت عملية البحث إلى استخلاص جملة من النتائج العلمية بخصوص التيار المدخلي، هي تباعا: الاشتغال المكتف على الأنشطة الدعوية مع مراعاة التحولات المعاصرة – الولاء للسلطة السياسية مع بعض التناقضات الظرفية – اعتزال السياسة خطابا وشعارا والخوض فيها واقعا – إنتاج الردود الكلامية العنيفة وانعكاس ذلك على البناء الداخلي للتيار المدخلي – الرهان على ضبط المجال الديني العمومي والسيطرة عليه وبروز المؤسسة الدينية الرسمية كخصم جديد للمدخلية – الانخراط في العمل المسلح في تصادم شديد مع الأصول التأسيسية للتيار. ​
The main problem that framed this research attempt was: How can the transformation of the madkhali current (Stream) from a religious advocacy (da3aouiya) movement to an active current (Stream) be explained in the ongoing crises in North Africa? In order to deal with the previous issue, we started from a preliminary answer, which is that the turbulent political circumstances and the fluctuating realistic conditions all contributed to the transformation of the Madkhali salafism in North Africa from a neutral movement towards public affaires issues into a movement involved in various political and security crises and problems. In this regard, critical methods have been adopted in addressing the research topics, through dismantling the madkhali discourse theoretically and scientifically . The research processed led to extracting a number of scientific results garding the Madkhali stream , which are successively : The intensive work on da3aoui activities , taking into account contemporary transformations – Loyalty to political authority with some circumstantial contradictions – Retirement from politics rethoric and slogan and delving into reality – The production of violent verbal responses and its reflection on the internal structure of the madkhali current – The bet on regulating the public religious sphere and controlling it , and on the emergence of the official religious institution as a new opponent of Madkhaliya – engaging in armed action, in severe clash with the founding assets and principles of this current .
Cauchy-type integrals in several complex variables
Creators: name: Lanzani, Loredana
name: Stein, Elias M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32A36, 32A50, 42B, 31B

description: We present the theory of Cauchy-Fantappié integral operators, with emphasis on the situation when the domain of integration, $D$, has minimal boundary regularity. Among these operators we focus on those that are more closely related to the classical Cauchy integral for a planar domain, whose kernel is a holomorphic function of the parameter $z\in D$. The goal is to prove $L^p$ estimates for these operators and, as a consequence, to obtain $L^p$ estimates for the canonical Cauchy-Szegö and Bergman projection operators (which are not of Cauchy-Fantappié type).
description: This is an electronic reprint of the original article published in the Bulletin of the Mathematical Sciences, vol. 3 (2) (2013) 241-285. This reprint differs from the original in pagination and typographical detail
The Risk of Stable Partnerships: Associations between Partnership Characteristics and Unprotected Anal Intercourse among ...
Creators: name: Cambou, Mary C.
name: Perez-Brumer, Amaya Gabriela
name: Segura, Eddy R.
name: Salvatierra, H. Javier
name: Lama, Javier R.
name: Sanchez, Jorge
name: Clark, Jesse L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Sexual intercourse
HIV infections--Epidemiology
HIV infections--Diagnosis
Public health

description: Background

Partnership type is an important factor associated with unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and subsequent risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI). We examined the association of partnership type with UAI among men who have sex with men (MSM) and male-to-female transgender women (TGW) in Lima, Peru, recently diagnosed with HIV and/or STI.

Methods

We report data from a cross-sectional analysis of MSM and TGW recently diagnosed with HIV and/or STI in Lima, Peru between 2011 and 2012. We surveyed participants regarding UAI with up to their three most recent sexual partners according to partner type. Multivariable Generalized Estimate Equating (GEE) models with Poisson distribution were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for UAI according to partner type.

Results

Among 339 MSM and TGW recently diagnosed with HIV and/or STI (mean age: 30.6 years, SD 9.0), 65.5% self-identified as homosexual/gay, 16.0% as bisexual, 15.2% as male-to-female transgender, and 3.3% as heterosexual. Participants provided information on 893 recent male or TGW partners with whom they had engaged in insertive or receptive anal intercourse: 28.9% stable partners, 56.4% non-stable/non-transactional partners (i.e. casual or anonymous), and 14.7% transactional partners (i.e. transactional sex client or sex worker). Unprotected anal intercourse was reported with 41.3% of all partners. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with UAI included partnership type (non-stable/non-transactional partner APR 0.73, [95% CI 0.59–0.91], transactional partner APR 0.53 [0.36–0.78], p < 0.05 and the number of previous sexual encounters with the partner  > 10 encounters APR 1.43 [1.06–1.92], p < 0.05.

Conclusion

UAI was more commonly reported for stable partners and in partnerships with      > 10 sexual encounters, suggesting UAI is more prevalent in partnerships with a greater degree of interpersonal commitment. Further research assessing partner-level factors and behavior is critical for improving HIV and/or STI prevention efforts among Peruvian MSM and TGW.
Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters 1852
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix
Hystrix africaeaustralis

description: Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters, 1852. Reise nach Mossambique, Saugethiere, p. 170. TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique, Querimba coast, about 10° 30' to 12° S., 40° 30' E., sea level. DISTRIBUTION: Mouth of the Congo River to Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, W. and S. Tanzania, Mozambique, and South Africa. COMMENT: Revised by Corbet and Jones, 1965, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1965:285-300. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410017002001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 569, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Corbet, G. B., and L. A. Jones. 1965. The specific characters of the crested porcupines, subgenus Hystrix. Proceedings of Zoological Society of London, 144: 285 - 300."]}
Comparing Cutaneous Research Funded by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases with 2010 Global Burden of Disease Results
Creators: name: Karimkhani, Chante
name: Boyers, Lindsay N.
name: Margolis, David J.
name: Naghavi, Mohsen
name: Hay, Roderick J.
name: Williams, Hywel C.
name: Naldi, Luigi
name: Coffeng, Luc E.
name: Weinstock, Martin A.
name: Dunnick, Cory A.
name: Pederson, Hannah
name: Vos, Theo
name: L. Murray, Christopher J.
name: Dellavalle, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Research grants
World health
Skin--Diseases
Public health

description: Importance

Disease burden data helps guide research prioritization.

Objective

To determine the extent to which grants issued by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) reflect disease burden, measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 project.

Design

Two investigators independently assessed 15 skin conditions studied by GBD 2010 in the NIAMS database for grants issued in 2013. The 15 skin diseases were matched to their respective DALYs from GBD 2010.

Setting

The United States NIAMS database and GBD 2010 skin condition disability data.

Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)

Relationship of NIAMS grant database topic funding with percent total GBD 2010 DALY and DALY rank for 15 skin conditions.

Results

During fiscal year 2013, 1,443 NIAMS grants were issued at a total value of $424 million. Of these grants, 17.7% covered skin topics. Of the total skin disease funding, 82% (91 grants) were categorized as “general cutaneous research.” Psoriasis, leprosy, and “other skin and subcutaneous diseases” (ie; immunobullous disorders, vitiligo, and hidradenitis suppurativa) were over-represented when funding was compared with disability. Conversely, cellulitis, decubitus ulcer, urticaria, acne vulgaris, viral skin diseases, fungal skin diseases, scabies, and melanoma were under-represented. Conditions for which disability and funding appeared well-matched were dermatitis, squamous and basal cell carcinoma, pruritus, bacterial skin diseases, and alopecia areata.

Conclusions and Relevance

Degree of representation in NIAMS is partly correlated with DALY metrics. Grant funding was well-matched with disability metrics for five of the 15 studied skin diseases, while two skin diseases were over-represented and seven were under-represented. Global burden estimates provide increasingly transparent and important information for investigating and prioritizing national research funding allocations.
Hystrix brachyura Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix
Hystrix brachyura

description: Hystrix brachyura Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:57. TYPE LOCALITY: Malaysia, Malacca. DISTRIBUTION: Nepal; Sikkim and Assam (India); C. and S. China; Burma; Thailand; Indochina; Malaya; Sumatra; Borneo. COMMENT: Includes hodgsoni, klossi, and subcristata; see Van Weers, 1979, Beaufortia, 29:215-272; also see Lekagul and McNeely, 1977:492. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410017002002001 as H. brachyurus (sic).
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 569, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["van Weers, D. J. 1979. Notes on southeast Asian porcupines (Hystricidae, Rodentia) IV. On the taxonomy of the subgenus Acanthion F. Cuvier. Beaufortia, 29 (356): 215 - 272.", "Lekagul, B., and J. A. McNeely. 1977. Mammals of Thailand. Association for the Conservation of Wildlife, Sahakarnbhat Co., Bangkok, 758 pp."]}
Regularity for the fractional Gelfand problem up to dimension 7
Creators: name: Ros-Oton, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the problem $(-Δ)^su=λe^u$ in a bounded domain $Ω\subset\mathbb R^n$, where $λ$ is a positive parameter. More precisely, we study the regularity of the extremal solution to this problem. Our main result yields the boundedness of the extremal solution in dimensions $n\leq7$ for all $s\in(0,1)$ whenever $Ω$ is, for every $i=1,...,n$, convex in the $x_i$-direction and symmetric with respect to $\{x_i=0\}$. The same holds if $n=8$ and $s\gtrsim0'28206...$, or if $n=9$ and $s\gtrsim0'63237...$. These results are new even in the unit ball $Ω=B_1$.
Building up Analgesia in Humans via the Endogenous μ-Opioid System by Combining Placebo and Active tDCS: A Preliminary Report
Creators: name: DosSantos, Marcos F.
name: Martikainen, Ilkka K.
name: Nascimento, Thiago D.
name: Love, Tiffany M.
name: DeBoer, Misty D.
name: Schambra, Heidi Maren
name: Bikson, Marom
name: Zubieta, Jon-Kar
name: DaSilva, Alexandre F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Prefrontal cortex
Neural transmission
Analgesics
Biochemistry

description: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a method of non-invasive brain stimulation that has been frequently used in experimental and clinical pain studies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying tDCS-mediated pain control, and most important its placebo component, are not completely established. In this pilot study, we investigated in vivo the involvement of the endogenous μ-opioid system in the global tDCS-analgesia experience. Nine healthy volunteers went through positron emission tomography (PET) scans with [11C]carfentanil, a selective μ-opioid receptor (MOR) radiotracer, to measure the central MOR activity during tDCS in vivo (non-displaceable binding potential, BPND) - one of the main analgesic mechanisms in the brain. Placebo and real anodal primary motor cortex (M1/2mA) tDCS were delivered sequentially for 20 minutes each during the PET scan. The initial placebo tDCS phase induced a decrease in MOR BPND in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), precuneus, and thalamus, indicating activation of endogenous μ-opioid neurotransmission, even before the active tDCS. The subsequent real tDCS also induced MOR activation in the PAG and precuneus, which were positively correlated to the changes observed with placebo tDCS. Nonetheless, real tDCS had an additional MOR activation in the left prefrontal cortex. Although significant changes in the MOR BPND occurred with both placebo and real tDCS, significant analgesic effects, measured by improvements in the heat and cold pain thresholds, were only observed after real tDCS, not the placebo tDCS. This study gives preliminary evidence that the analgesic effects reported with M1-tDCS, can be in part related to the recruitment of the same endogenous MOR mechanisms induced by placebo, and that such effects can be purposely optimized by real tDCS.
Structural and Electronic Recovery Pathways of a Photoexcited Ultrathin VO2 Film
Creators: name: Wen, Haidan
name: Guo, Lu
name: Barnes, Eftihia
name: Lee, June Hyuk
name: Walko, Donald A.
name: Schaller, Richard D.
name: Moyer, Jarrett A.
name: Misra, Rajiv
name: Li, Yuelin
name: Dufresne, Eric M.
name: Schlom, Darrell G.
name: Gopalan, Venkatraman
name: Freeland, John. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural and electronic recovery pathways of a photoexcited ultrathin VO2 film at nanosecond time scales have been studied using time-resolved x-ray diffraction and transient optical absorption techniques. The recovery pathways from the tetragonal metallic phase to the monoclinic insulating phase are highly dependent on the optical pump fluence. At pump fluences higher than the saturation fluence of 14.7 mJ/cm2, we observed a transient structural state with lattice parameter larger than that of the tetragonal phase, which is decoupled from the metal-to-insulator phase transition. Subsequently, the photoexcited VO2 film recovered to the ground state at characteristic times dependent upon the pump fluence, as a result of heat transport from the film to the substrate. We present a procedure to measure the time-resolved film temperature by correlating photoexcited and temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction measurements. A thermal transport model that incorporates changes of the thermal parameters across the phase transition reproduces the observed recovery dynamics. The optical excitation and fast recovery of ultrathin VO2 films provides a practical method to reversibly switch between the monoclinic insulating and tetragonal metallic state at nanosecond time scales.
Hystrix cristata Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix
Hystrix cristata

description: Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:56. TYPE LOCALITY: Italy, near Rome. DISTRIBUTION: Morocco to Egypt; Senegal to Ethiopia and N. Tanzania; Sicily, Italy, Albania, and N. Greece (European populations possibly introduced). COMMENT: Includes galeata; see Corbet, 1978:159, and Corbet and Jones, 1965, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1965:285-300. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana). ISIS NUMBER: 5301410017002003001 as H. cristata. 5301410017002004001 as H. galeata.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 570, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Corbet, G. B., and L. A. Jones. 1965. The specific characters of the crested porcupines, subgenus Hystrix. Proceedings of Zoological Society of London, 144: 285 - 300."]}
Διαχείριση αποθεμάτων: Η περίπτωση της Newtrade Fertilizers ΕΠΕ
Creators: name: Κουρή, Διονυσία-Γεωργία Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2025
Subjects: Διαχείριση αποθεμάτων
Πρόβλεψη
Ζήτηση
Inventory management
Forecasting
Demand

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας ήταν να παράσχει στα ανώτερα στελέχη μιας συγκεκριμένης εταιρείας, μετά από ανάλυση των ιστορικών δεδομένων ζήτησης και μετά τη χρήση γνωστών μεθόδων και τεχνικών για την ορθή διαχείριση των αποθεμάτων, προτάσεις και κατευθυντήριες γραμμές προκειμένου να οργανώσουν καλύτερα το πρόγραμμα προμηθειών τους για το επόμενο έτος. Η βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση που πραγματοποιήθηκε για την παρούσα διατριβή εμβάθυνε σε πληθώρα επιστημονικών πηγών, συμπεριλαμβανομένων επιστημονικών περιοδικών, μελετών και βιβλίων, που προέρχονται από τη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία μέσω της πλατφόρμας του Μελετητή Google. Επιπλέον, ζητήθηκε η γνώμη ακαδημαϊκών βιβλίων για να προσφέρουν μια πλήρη επισκόπηση του θέματος. Με βάση τις γνώσεις που αποκτήθηκαν από τη βιβλιογραφία, πραγματοποιήθηκαν αναλύσεις στο Microsoft Excel με πραγματικά αριθμητικά δεδομένα που βοήθησαν στην ενίσχυση της θεωρίας. Τέλος, δόθηκαν στη διοίκηση σημαντικά στοιχεία όπως η προβλεπόμενη ζήτηση για το έτος 2024, η ποσότητα και η συχνότητα των μεταγενέστερων παραγγελιών, καθώς και μια εκτίμηση του συνολικού μηνιαίου και ετήσιου κόστους που συνδέεται με τα αποθέματα. Τέλος, δόθηκαν προτάσεις για να βοηθήσουν την εταιρεία να μειώσει περαιτέρω το κόστος.
description: The purpose of this thesis was to provide the senior executives of a specific company, after analyzing its historical demand data and after using known methods and techniques for the proper management of stocks, suggestions and guidelines in order to organize their procurement program better for the next year. The literature review conducted for this thesis delved into a plethora of scholarly sources, including scientific journals, studies, and books, sourced from the international literature via the Google Scholar platform. Additionally, academic books were consulted to offer a full overview of the subject. Based on the knowledge gained from the literature, analyses were performed in Microsoft Excel with real numerical data which helped to strengthen the theory. Finally, management was given important data such as the forecast demand for the year 2024, the quantity and frequency of subsequent orders, as well as an estimation of the total monthly and annual cost linked to inventory. Finally, suggestions were provided to help the company further reduce costs.
Increasing Maternal or Post-Weaning Folic Acid Alters Gene Expression and Moderately Changes Behavior in the Offspring
Creators: name: Barua, Subit
name: Chadman, Kathryn K.
name: Kuizon, Salomon
name: Buenaventura, Diego
name: Stapley, Nathan W.
name: Ruocco, Felicia
name: Begum, Umme
name: Guariglia, Sara R.
name: Brown, W. Ted
name: Junaid, Mohammed A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cerebral hemispheres
subject: Diet
subject: Gene expression
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background

Studies have indicated that altered maternal micronutrients and vitamins influence the development of newborns and altered nutrient exposure throughout the lifetime may have potential health effects and increased susceptibility to chronic diseases. In recent years, folic acid (FA) exposure has significantly increased as a result of mandatory FA fortification and supplementation during pregnancy. Since FA modulates DNA methylation and affects gene expression, we investigated whether the amount of FA ingested during gestation alters gene expression in the newborn cerebral hemisphere, and if the increased exposure to FA during gestation and throughout the lifetime alters behavior in C57BL/6J mice.

Methods

Dams were fed FA either at 0.4 mg or 4 mg/kg diet throughout the pregnancy and the resulting pups were maintained on the diet throughout experimentation. Newborn pups brain cerebral hemispheres were used for microarray analysis. To confirm alteration of several genes, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses were performed. In addition, various behavior assessments were conducted on neonatal and adult offspring.

Results

Results from microarray analysis suggest that the higher dose of FA supplementation during gestation alters the expression of a number of genes in the newborns’ cerebral hemispheres, including many involved in development. QRT-PCR confirmed alterations of nine genes including down-regulation of Cpn2, Htr4, Zfp353, Vgll2 and up-regulation of Xist, Nkx6-3, Leprel1, Nfix, Slc17a7. The alterations in the expression of Slc17a7 and Vgll2 were confirmed at the protein level. Pups exposed to the higher dose of FA exhibited increased ultrasonic vocalizations, greater anxiety-like behavior and hyperactivity. These findings suggest that although FA plays a significant role in mammalian cellular machinery, there may be a loss of benefit from higher amounts of FA. Unregulated high FA supplementation during pregnancy and throughout the life course may have lasting effects, with alterations in brain development resulting in changes in behavior.
Can effective population size estimates be used to monitor population trends of woodland bats? A case study of Myotis bechsteinii
Creators: name: Wright, Patrick
name: Mathews, Fiona
name: Schofield, Henry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Molecular approaches to calculate effective population size estimates (Ne) are increasingly used as an alternative to long-term demographic monitoring of wildlife populations. However, the complex ecology of most long-lived species and the consequent uncertainties in model assumptions means that effective population size estimates are often imprecise. Although methods exist to incorporate age structure into Ne estimations for long-lived species with overlapping generations, they are rarely used owing to the lack of relevant information for most wild populations. Here, we performed a case study on an elusive woodland bat, Myotis bechsteinii, to compare the use of the parentage assignment Ne estimator (EPA) with the more commonly used linkage disequilibrium (LD) Ne estimator in detecting long-term population trends, and assessed the impacts of deploying different overall sample sizes. We used genotypic data from a previously published study, and simulated 48 contrasting demographic scenarios over 150 years using the life history characteristics of this species The LD method strongly outperformed the EPA method. As expected, smaller sample sizes resulted in estimates with larger confidence limits and a reduced ability to detect population trends. Nevertheless, even the smallest sample size tested (n = 30) could detect important changes (60 - 80% decline) with the LD method. These results demonstrate that genetic approaches can be an effective way to monitor long-lived species, such as bats, provided that they are undertaken over multiple decades.
Hystrix indica Kerr 1792
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix
Hystrix indica

description: Hystrix indica Kerr, 1792. Anim. Kingdom, p. 213. TYPE LOCALITY: India. DISTRIBUTION: Transcaucasus; Asia Minor; Israel; Arabia to S. Kazakhstan (U.S. S.R.) and India; Sri Lanka; Tibet (China). COMMENT: Citation based on Smellie's Buffon, 1781, 7: pl. 206. Gromov and Baranova, 1981: 102, employed the name leucura for this species without reference to Kerr, 1792. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410017002006001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 570, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
description: {"references": ["Buffon, G. - L. L., Comte de. 1781. Natural history, general and particular, by the Count de Buffon, illustrated with above six hundred copper plates, the history of man and quadrupeds, translated into English with notes and observations by William Smellie. First ed. vol. 7 (Natural history of animals). T. Cadell and W. Davies, London, 452 pp.", "Gromov, I. M., and G. I. Baranova (eds.). 1981. Katalog mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Catalog of mammals of the USSR]. Nauka, Leningrad, 456 pp. (in Russian).", "Kerr, R. 1792. The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus; class I: Mammalia. London, J. Murray & R. Faulder, 664 pp."]}
title: Barriers and facilitators in delivering a new model of sexual health service for young people who are looked after
Creators: name: Dale, Hannah
name: Watson, Lorna
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2010

description: The health of young people who are looked after away from home is frequently documented as poorer than their non-looked after peers (Polit et al., 1989; Buchanan, 1995; Meltzer et al., 2004). This includes the area of sexual health where these young people suffer even poorer outcomes and lower knowledge levels than their peers (Fraser, 2005; Department for Education and Skills, 2006). This is particularly concerning since, Scotland - and Fife in particular – tends to fare worse than most of Western Europe (Kmietowicz, 2002; Information Services Division, 2007; NHS, 2008; WHO, 2008). Many factors contribute to the poorer health of looked-after young people, including abuse, neglect, frequent change in placements, and poor adult role-modelling, along with a frequent history of socio-economic deprivation (Grant et al., 2002; Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2004; Scottish Healthy Care Network, 2007). Due to their poorer outcomes, the need to intervene with and prioritise them has often been highlighted (Scottish Executive, 2005; Scott & Hill, 2006; NHS Fife, 2007; Scottish Government, 2007; Health Scotland, 2008).
A real-space method for highly parallelizable electronic transport calculations
Creators: name: Feldman, Baruch
name: Seideman, Tamar
name: Hod, Oded
name: Kronik, Leeor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a real-space method for first-principles nano-scale electronic transport calculations. We use the non-equilibrium Green's function method with density functional theory and implement absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs, also known as complex absorbing potentials, or CAPs) to represent the effects of the semi-infinite leads. In real space, the Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian matrix is highly sparse. As a result, the transport problem parallelizes naturally and can scale favorably with system size, enabling the computation of conductance in relatively large molecular junction models. Our use of ABCs circumvents the demanding task of explicitly calculating the leads' self-energies from surface Green's functions, and is expected to be more accurate than the use of the jellium approximation. In addition, we take advantage of the sparsity in real space to solve efficiently for the Green's function over the entire energy range relevant to low-bias transport. We illustrate the advantages of our method with calculations on several challenging test systems and find good agreement with reference calculation results.
description: Replaced with version accepted for publication