cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Examination of Nucleoside Adducts formed by ?-Hydroxy-N-nitrosomorpholine
Creators: name: Zink, Charles N.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: alpha-Hydroxy-N-nitrosomorpholine
Carcinogen
Nitrosamines
Nucleoside Adducts

description: N- nitrosomorpholine ( NMOR) is a potent carcinogen and mutagen that has been  shown to cause liver and esophageal tumors in rats and nasal tumors in hamsters. NMOR  has been detected in smokeless tobacco, in many food products, in workplaces of tire,  rubber, and leather industries, and in human urine. The metabolism of NMOR occurs in  the liver by P- 450 enzymes predominantly through   - hydroxylation. The resulting   -  hydroxy- N- nitrosomorpholine readily decomposes in aqueous media with half- lives  ranging from milliseconds to minutes to form a highly reactive diazonium ion. This  diazonium ion can react with solvent water or alkylate DNA, producing 2-  ethoxyacetaldehyde adducts. To date, there is only one report of attempts to examine the  nucleoside adducts produced from   - hydroxy- N- nitrosomorpholine ( HONMOR)  exposure.  The primary aim of this research was to complete a full analysis of the purine  nucleoside adducts that are generated from ( HONMOR). This was accomplished with the  use of a stable precursor,   - hydroperoxy- N- nitrosomorpholine ( HOONMOR), and  synthesized nucleoside standards. Initially, a model system was used to demonstrate that  the ( 2- ethoxyacetaldehyde)- diazonium ion generated from HONMOR decay could be  trapped by a model nucleobase, benzimidazole. Following this, experiments were  conducted that exposed nucleosides and calf thymus DNA to HONMOR. In the reactions  of nucleosides the yields of the 2- ethoxyacetaldehyde ( EA) adducts are in order of N7-  Gua > O6- Gua > N7- Ade > N1- Gua > N2- Gua > N3- Ade. In the reactions of DNA the  yields of the EA adducts are in order of N7- Gua   O6- Gua > N3- Ade > N7- Ade > N2-  Gua.  The second aim of this research was to examine the aqueous stability of the EA  fragment in various buffers, on nucleosides, and on duplex DNA to determine if EA  could decay into a 2- hydroxyethyl ( HE) fragment since a previous report described the  isolation of a HE fragment at the N7 position of guanine in rats treated with NMOR. The  results indicate that the EA fragment is stable in acidic media but readily decays in  neutral and basic media. Further examination revealed that the EA decomposes into a HE  fragment with its rate of decay stimulated by primary and secondary amines under  physiological conditions.
Theoretical study of quantum computation with nonlinear optics
Creators: name: You, Hao
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010

description: Quantum computing has been of intense interest over the last 10 years because of its promising ability to do high-speed factoring and its potential for the efficient simulation of quantum dynamics.  It could be implemented in many different ways using optical techniques.  A better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches would allow the experimental groups working in this area to optimize their choice of experiment and to concentrate on the approaches that are most likely to succeed.  In this thesis, we are interested in quantum logic gates based on nonlinear optical approaches and mainly focus on one of the approaches----quantum Zeno gates.  We theoretically analyze two-photon absorption, which is essential to perform quantum Zeno gates for coherent light and for frequency-entangled light.  We also analyze and compare quantum Zeno gates with nonlinear phase gates, which is another promising optical implementation for quantum logic.  The results of our theoretical analysis will be useful for future experimental work in quantum computation.
Supplemental Tables of TESOT.pdf
Creators: name: Wang, Yu-Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The tables introduce the course contents of the nervous system module (Table 1), example of an instruction block of the TESOT modality (Table 2), examples of pre- and post-lecture quizzes of the nervous system module (Table 3), list of the contents of a student-led summary (Table 4) and example of online interactions (Table 5), respectively, in the paper "TESOT: A Teaching Modality Targeting the Learning Obstacles in Global Medical Education" published by Advances in Physiology Education.
Reverse Fleximers: The design and synthesis of a new class of carbocyclid nucleosides with a distinctive flexible base motif
Creators: name: Sadler, Joshua Matthew
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: Flexibility
Nucleosides
Purine
Pyrimidine

description: Nucleosides are ubiquitous in biological systems making them the focus of research devoted to finding new and potent therapeutic compounds. There are a number of modified nucleoside drugs on the market, however in recent years there have been increasing reports of resistance through “ escape mutations” that alter the target enzymatic binding site or the pathway that the drugs are designed to interrupt. Recent studies have shown that flexible drug candidates can overcome this predicament by adapting to altered binding sites and engaging secondary amino acids that are not usually required for recognition or involved in the mechanism of action. It is for this reason that the development of compounds that can change conformation while maintaining recognition by the target enzyme would be highly desirable, and has thus made flexible nucleoside analogues the focal point for the development of new potent therapeutics. With this goal in mind, we have designed a series of novel carbocyclic nucleoside analogues with a flexible purine/ pyrimidine hybrid base scaffold. It is hoped these unique analogues will be capable of overcoming viral resistance mechanisms resulting from binding site mutations.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Nonlinear Optical and Dispersive Properties of Conventional and Photonic Crystal Fibers
Creators: name: Kuis, Robinson A.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: Dispersion Coefficient
Nonlinear Coefficient
Nonlinear Optics
Photonic Crystal Fibers
Photorefractive two-beam Coupling
Ultrafast techniques

description: The early use of the induced grating autocorrelation (IGA) method to measure the nonlinear refractive index of single mode fibers utilized 50-70 ps pulses at 1064-nm and required only 15-20 m lengths of fiber. Exotic fibers, such as photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), are extremely expensive and limit many applications to a few meters. Therefore, a practical measurement of the nonlinear coefficient for such exotic fibers requires a technique sensitive to shorter fiber lengths (< 5 m). To reduce the fiber length requirements, the IGA technique must use shorter pulses. In this work, a new mathematical description was developed for the IGA technique that is applicable to pulses as short as 100 fs. This model includes effects such as dispersion, self-phase modulation, stimulated Raman scattering, intra-pulse Raman scattering and self-steepening. The model was used to investigate pulse propagation at three pulsewidths: 50 ps, 2 ps, and 120 fs. The model predicted the sensitivity of IGA measurements to dispersive and nonlinear effects at these pulsewidths. The numerical model led to the successful experimental determination of both the dispersion and nonlinear coefficients of a 15m long single-mode fiber using a 2 ps Ti: sapphire laser at 800 nm. The nonlinear coefficient for several PCFs (a 30 cm long highly nonlinear PCF and two large mode area PCFs of 4.5 m and 4.9 m long) were also successfully measured with excellent numerical fits using this new IGA model.
Compositional effect on auto-oscillation behavior of Ni100-xFex/Pt spin Hall nano-oscillators
Creators: name: Haidar, M.
name: Mazraati, H.
name: Dürrenfeld, P.
name: Fulara, H.
name: Ranjbar, M.
name: Åkerman, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the compositional effect on the magnetodynamic and auto-oscillations properties of Ni100-xFex/Pt (x= 10 to 40) nanoconstriction based spin Hall nano-oscillators. Using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) performed on microstrips, we measure a significant reduction in both damping and spin Hall efficiency with increasing Fe content, which lowers the spin pumping contribution. The strong compositional effect on spin Hall efficiency is primarily attributed to the increased saturation magnetization in Fe-rich devices. As a direct consequence, higher current densities are required to drive spin-wave auto-oscillations at higher microwave frequencies in Fe-rich nano-constriction devices. Our results establish the critical role of the compositional effect in engineering the magnetodynamic and auto-oscillation properties of spin Hall devices for microwav eand magnonic applications.
At-risk adolescents’ experience as peer educators
Creators: name: Cobb, Moreen Heagerty
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study explored the experiences of at-risk students as peer educators. The purpose of this study was to gain insight and understanding into the experiences that at-risk students had as peer educators in a program based in an alternate school setting. By relating the experience of the participants in this program it was hoped that this study would add to the body of research on peer education. Kids teaching kids and older at-risk adolescents becoming positive role models for younger adolescents were some of the experiences that these peer educators described in this study. This study examined a peer education program in it first two years. It was hoped that this study would provide information that would inform the practice of program planners and help to facilitate the development of peer education programs in schools and school districts. For this study, ten adolescents (15-20 years of age) enrolled in alternate secondary programs were individually interviewed. The interviews were semi-structured and each student was asked a set of research questions. However, because the interview proceeded more like a conversation, there was opportunity for each student and the researcher to add questions or information. The findings of this study led to these general conclusions (1) the experience the students had as peer educators was basically a positive one, (2) the peer education program described in this study offers some opportunity for skills development, (3) being trained as peer educators can provide at-risk students with the opportunity to learn more about themselves and (4) the peer educators can be positive role models to other peers. Implications for further research are included in the discussion of the results.
Cross-shell excitation in two-proton knockout: Structure of $^{52}$Ca
Creators: name: Gade, A.
name: Janssens, R. V. F.
name: Bazin, D.
name: Broda, R.
name: Brown, B. A.
name: Campbell, C. M.
name: Carpenter, M. P.
name: Cook, J. M.
name: Deacon, A. N.
name: Dinca, D. -C.
name: Fornal, B.
name: Freeman, S. J.
name: Glasmacher, T.
name: Hansen, P. G.
name: Kay, B. P.
name: Mantica, P. F.
name: Mueller, W. F.
name: Terry, J. R.
name: Tostevin, J. A.
name: Zhu, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-proton knockout reaction $^9$Be($^{54}$Ti,$^{52}$Ca$ + γ$) has been studied at 72 MeV/nucleon. Besides the strong feeding of the $^{52}$Ca ground state, the only other sizeable cross section proceeds to a 3$^-$ level at 3.9 MeV. There is no measurable direct yield to the first excited 2$^+$ state at 2.6 MeV. The results illustrate the potential of such direct reactions for exploring cross-shell proton excitations in neutron-rich nuclei and confirms the doubly-magic nature of $^{52}$Ca.
Exact stochastic simulation of dissipation and non-Markovian effects in open quantum systems
Creators: name: Lacroix, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact dynamics of a system coupled to an environment can be described by an integro-differential stochastic equation of its reduced density. The influence of the environment is incorporated through a mean-field which is both stochastic and non-local in time and where the standard two-times correlation functions of the environment appear naturally. Since no approximation is made, the presented theory incorporates exactly dissipative and non-Markovian effects. Applications to the spin-boson model coupled to a heat-bath with various coupling regimes and temperature show that the presented stochastic theory can be a valuable tool to simulate exactly the dynamics of open quantum systems. Links with stochastic Schroedinger equation method and possible extensions to "imaginary time" propagation are discussed.
description: accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Elicitation on nominal possession
Creators: name: Aguilar Láinez, Onísimo Basbaldo
name: Scott, Tessa
name: Sales, Henry
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mam

description: This is a remote video interview held using Zoom. Henry Sales, a Mam speaker from San Juan Atitán, provides translation between English and Mam using Mam and Spanish.

The elicitation focuses on nominal possession of several nouns.

In this file bundle: 2 Zoom video/audio recordings, 1 pdf of typed notes.
Light-Front Field Theory on Current Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Kreshchuk, Michael
name: Jia, Shaoyang
name: Kirby, William M.
name: Goldstein, Gary
name: Vary, James P.
name: Love, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantum algorithm for simulation of quantum field theory in the light-front formulation and demonstrate how existing quantum devices can be used to study the structure of bound states in relativistic nuclear physics. Specifically, we apply the Variational Quantum Eigensolver algorithm to find the ground state of the light-front Hamiltonian obtained within the Basis Light-Front Quantization framework. As a demonstration, we calculate the mass, mass radius, decay constant, electromagnetic form factor, and charge radius of the pion on the IBMQ Vigo chip. We consider two implementations based on different encodings of physical states, and propose a development that may lead to quantum advantage. This is the first time that the light-front approach to quantum field theory has been used to enable simulation of a real physical system on a quantum computer.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Supplemental Table S1.pdf
Creators: name: Wang, Yu-Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: It introduces the course contents of the nervous system module in the paper "TESOT: A Teaching Modality Targeting the Learning Obstacles in Global Medical Education" published by Advances in Physiology Education .
The number of small covers over cubes
Creators: name: Choi, Suyoung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F20; 57S10; 14M25; 57M15; 05C50; 05C20

description: In the present paper we find a bijection between the set of small covers over an $n$-cube and the set of acyclic digraphs with $n$ labeled nodes. Using this, we give a formula of the number of small covers over an $n$-cube (generally, a product of simplices) up to Davis-Januszkiewicz equivalence classes and $\mathbf{Z}^n$-equivariant diffeomorphism classes. Moreover we prove that the number of acyclic digraphs with $n$ unlabeled nodes is an upper bound of the number of small covers over an $n$-cube up to diffeomorphism.
description: 8 pages
Letter from J.E. McAllister to James Goldie, August 14, 1909
Creators: name: McAllister, John Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to James Goldie from J.E. McAllister, from Greenwood, B.C., dated August 14, 1909. Concerns the sale of Rainbow Ranche to him, Goldie, and Dormer from Hewer and its finalization.
An asymptotic structure of the bifurcation boundary of the perturbed Painlevé-2 equation
Creators: name: Kiselev, O. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Solutions of the perturbed Painlevé-2 equation are typical for describing a dynamic bifurcation of soft loss of stability. The bifurcation boundary separates solutions of different types before bifurcation and before loss of stability. This border has a spiral structure. The equations of modulation of the bifurcation boundary depending on the perturbation are obtained. Both analytical and numerical results are given
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Geometry of a pair of second-order ODEs and Euclidean spaces
Creators: name: Atkins, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper investigates the relationship between a system of differential equations and the underlying geometry associated with it. The geometry of a surface determines shortest paths, or geodesics connecting nearby points, which are defined as the solutions to a pair of second-order differential equations: the Euler-Lagrange equations of the arclength action. We ask when the converse holds, that is, when solutions to a system of differential equations reveals an underlying geometry. Specifically, when may the solutions to a pair of second-order ordinary differential equations be reparameterized so as to give, locally, the geodesics of a Euclidean space? Our approach is based upon Cartan's method of equivalence. In the second part of the paper, the equivalence problem is solved for a generic pair of second-order ODEs revealing the existence of 24 invariant functions.
description: 20 pages
Influence of Spatial Correlations in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems: Extension to Dynamical Mean Field Approximation
Creators: name: Kusunose, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a formalism to take account of the correction of the spatial fluctuations to the local self-energy obtained by the dynamical mean-field approximation. For this purpose, the approximate dynamical susceptibility in the framework of the iterated perturbation theory is proposed and examined. Using the formalism, it is demonstrated that the one-particle spectral intensity in the two-dimensional Hubbard model at half-filling exhibits the pseudo-gap behavior in the central coherent quasiparticle peak due to the critical antiferromagnetic fluctuation. The specific heat is considerably enhanced by the short-range order, which assists a tendency of the Mott localization showing the reduction of the double occupancy. We briefly discuss a formulation for the superconducting transition temperature in the present approximation.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures, extended version to be publisded in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Tunable Coupling Architecture for Fixed-frequency Transmons
Creators: name: Stehlik, J.
name: Zajac, D. M.
name: Underwood, D. L.
name: Phung, T.
name: Blair, J.
name: Carnevale, S.
name: Klaus, D.
name: Keefe, G. A.
name: Carniol, A.
name: Kumph, M.
name: Steffen, Matthias
name: Dial, O. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Implementation of high-fidelity two-qubit operations is a key ingredient for scalable quantum error correction. In superconducting qubit architectures tunable buses have been explored as a means to higher fidelity gates. However, these buses introduce new pathways for leakage. Here we present a modified tunable bus architecture appropriate for fixed-frequency qubits in which the adiabaticity restrictions on gate speed are reduced. We characterize this coupler on a range of two-qubit devices achieving a maximum gate fidelity of $99.85\%$. We further show the calibration is stable over one day.
The influence of genetic variation on inducible gene expression
Creators: name: French, Hugh John
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Gene expression.
subject: Variation (Biology).
subject: Immunogenetics.

description: Activation of the immune response is dependent on extensive changes in gene expression and it is likely that a major component of inter-individual variation in the immune response is mediated at the level of gene regulation. In this thesis the influence of genetic variation on inducible gene expression is examined in the murine immune response. Primary CD4+ splenocytes were extracted from the inbred mouse strains A/J, C57BL/6J, BALB/c, DBA/2J, and 129x1/SvJ (> 3 animals/strain) and mRNA transcript levels were measured using microarrays in both basal state and four hours after stimulation with Phorbol-12-myristate-13- acetate/Ionomycin, to mimic T cell activation. An expression change occurring during activation was defined as the difference in measured expression intensity between stimulated and basal conditions. Genetically influenced genes were identified using an ANOVA model. This identified 2607, 1145 and 506 transcripts whose expression levels are under potential genetic influence in the basal state, stimu- lated state and during activation, respectively. Using previously published data in cycloheximide treated EL4 cells (mouse cell line) to inhibit de novo protein syn- thesis, comparison to mouse cell line data implied that both primary response (e.g. Fos, Tnfaip3) and secondary response (e.g. Irf4) genes are subject to genetic influence across activation. These differentially activated genes are ideal candidates for further study into the influence of genetic variation on the mechanisms of gene induction, and provide mechanistic insight into inter-individual variation in the host response to infection. This approach was applied to investigate the impact of genetic variation of inducible gene expression in a murine diabetes model: primary CD4+ splenocytes were extracted from Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) pron (NOD) and resistant (B10) mice. Genetically influenced genes were identified in the basal state, stimulated state and during activation. The genetically variant inducible genes identified in this analysis represent new candidates for the investigation of IDDM aetiology, with many of them not previously associated with known IDDM risk loci.
One-dimensional model for deconfined criticality with $\mathbb{Z}_3 \times \mathbb{Z}_3$ symmetry
Creators: name: Roberts, Brenden
name: Jiang, Shenghan
name: Motrunich, Olexei I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue recent efforts to discover examples of deconfined quantum criticality in one-dimensional models. In this work we investigate the transition between a $\mathbb{Z}_3$ ferromagnet and a phase with valence bond solid (VBS) order in a spin chain with $\mathbb{Z}_3\times\mathbb{Z}_3$ global symmetry. We study a model with alternating projective representations on the sites of the two sublattices, allowing the Hamiltonian to connect to an exactly solvable point having VBS order with the character of SU(3)-invariant singlets. Such a model does not admit a Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem typical of systems realizing deconfined critical points. Nevertheless, we find evidence for a direct transition from the VBS phase to a $\mathbb{Z}_3$ ferromagnet. Finite-entanglement scaling data are consistent with a second-order or weakly first-order transition. We find in our parameter space an integrable lattice model apparently describing the phase transition, with a very long, finite, correlation length of 190878 lattice spacings. Based on exact results for this model, we propose that the transition is extremely weakly first order, and is part of a family of DQCP described by walking of renormalization group flows.
description: 19+7 pages, 10 figures, 1 table
Spitzer observations of hydrogen deuteride
Creators: name: Neufeld, David A.
name: Green, Joel D.
name: Hollenbach, David J.
name: Sonnentrucker, Paule
name: Melnick, Gary J.
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Snell, Ronald L.
name: Forrest, William J.
name: Watson, Dan M.
name: Kaufman, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of interstellar hydrogen deuteride (HD) toward the supernova remnant IC443, and the tentative detection of HD toward the Herbig Haro objects HH54 and HH7 and the star forming region GGD37 (Cepheus A West). Our detections are based upon spectral line mapping observations of the R(3) and R(4) rotational lines of HD, at rest wavelengths of 28.502 and 23.034 micron respectively, obtained using the Infrared Spectrograph onboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. The HD R(4)/R(3) line intensity ratio promises to be a valuable probe of the gas pressure in regions where it can be observed. The derived HD/H2 abundance ratios are 1.19(+0.35/-0.24)E-5, 1.80(+0.54/-0.32)E-5, and 1.41(+0.46/-0.33)E-5 respectively (68.3% confidence limits, based upon statistical errors alone) for IC443 (clump C), HH54, and HH7. If HD is the only significant reservoir of gas-phase deuterium in these sources, the inferred HD/H2 ratios are all consistent with a gas-phase elemental abundance [n(D)/n(H)](gas) ~ 7.5E-6, a factor 2 - 3 below the values obtained previously from observations of atomic deuterium in the local bubble and the Galactic halo. However, similarly low gas-phase deuterium abundances have been inferred previously for molecular gas clouds in the Orion region, and in atomic clouds along sight-lines within the Galactic disk to stars more distant than 500 pc from the Sun.
description: 12 pages, including 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Academic self-regulation, academic performance, and college adjustment: What is the first-year experience for college students?
Creators: name: Sullivan, Colleen Janette
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: academic self-regulation
achievement goal orientation
college adjustment
first-year experience courses
learning strategies
motivation

description: First-year students experience academic, social, and emotional adjustments as they transition to college.  First-year experience courses support students in this transitional phase by helping them integrate into the campus environment and by teaching them college-appropriate learning strategies.  This study explored the role that participation in a first-year experience course had on students' academic self-regulation, academic performance, and college adjustment.  Academic self-regulation and college adjustment also were examined as predictors of end of the semester outcomes.  Previous research suggested that participation in this type of course facilitates students' transition into college, as evidenced by academic performance and college involvement, but these studies often lacked a comparison group and did not address extraneous variables. One hundred and thirty-three first-year students were self-selected into the following groups: 1) First-year experience course group: Students were enrolled in an optional IHU seminar linked to an introductory academic course or 2) Comparison group: Students were enrolled in the same introductory academic course.  This study involved three assessments starting in the summer prior to college and ending at the conclusion of the first semester. Results from the current study show that participation in an IHU seminar was associated with adaptive motivational beliefs and learning strategies.  Quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate that these courses created an interactive classroom community that supported gaining knowledge about university resources, developing strong beliefs of self-efficacy, and identifying resource management strategies. Achievement goal orientations, primarily mastery goals, predicted some end of the semester outcomes, including task values, self-efficacy, test anxiety, learning strategies, and college adjustment.  Task value, self-efficacy, and learning strategies predicted college adjustment and academic performance at the end of the semester.  Students who either had consistent high levels or increased their motivation and/or learning strategies were better adjusted to college and earned a higher first-semester GPA and course grade than their peers.  Additionally, mid-semester college adjustment was related to academic performance.  These findings would be valuable in the design of institutional programs and interventions to support college students.  Course objectives that involve motivational components, learning strategies, and academic adjustment resources relate to students' academic success.
Influence of Sex Hormones on the Biomechanics of the Lower Extremities in Female Recreational Athletes - Study Protocol
Creators: name: Graf, Eveline
name: Friedli, Seraina
name: Zind, Annika
name: Suter, Julia
name: Wieloch, Nora
name: Vollrath, Sabrina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This protocol describes the detailed procedures for the collection of data for a study that aims to identify the influence of the hormonal profile on biomechanical variables during functional assessments related to ligamentous lower extremity injuries in female recreational athletes.
A Test of the Relations among Acculturation, Asian Values, Coping Style, and Psychological Distress for East Asian American College Students
Creators: name: Lee, Jieun
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: acculturation
Asian values
college students
coping styles
East Asian Americans
psychological distress

description: The present study investigates the relations among acculturation, Asian values, coping style, and psychological distress among East Asian American college students.  A sample of 414 undergraduate students who identified themselves as East Asian Americans (i.e., Korean Americans, Chinese Americans, Japanese Americans, Taiwanese Americans) was recruited to complete a 15-20 minute on-line survey from different universities in the U.S. and from Asian American Internet communities (e.g., online journal sites, clubs).  Consistent with earlier studies, the present findings reveal that high scores on the mainstream dimension of acculturation were associated with better psychosocial adjustment (i.e., lower levels of depression and anxiety) for East Asian Americans.  These results support the hypotheses of the current study, indicating that East Asian Americans who are highly acculturated to mainstream society experience less psychological distress.  On the other hand, higher levels of Asian values were found to be associated with higher levels of anxiety. A significant interaction was found between indirect coping and Asian values in predicting anxiety.  This result indicates that the endorsement of Asian values exacerbated anxiety among participants who used more indirect coping strategies.
A Structural Equation Model of Subjective Well Being in European Citizens
Creators: name: Rogatko, Thais Piassa
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: Happiness
Life Satisfaction
Multilevel Modeling
Path Analysis
Structural Equation Modeling
Subjective Well Being

description: The purpose of this study was to determine how individual-level variables (control, economic well-being, physical health, and social support) and a country-level variable (Gross National Income per capita) relate to subjective well-being. Data were taken from a sample of 47,537 European citizens in 25 countries from the European Social Survey. A multilevel structural model of subjective well-being was tested using path analysis. Results indicated that individuals with higher levels of control, social support, economic well-being, and health reported greater levels of SWB. Furthermore, health served as a mediator between the three other predictors and SWB. On the between country level, countries with higher GNI/capita did not have citizens with higher SWB, contrary to expectation. Secondary analyses tested the model with SWB as an exogenous variable instead of an endogenous variable. Results revealed that neither model provided a clearly superior fit. Additionally, secondary analyses comparing models using the outcome variables of happiness or life satisfaction instead of SWB revealed that the SWB model explained the most variance in the endogenous variable. A strength of this study is that it tested a multi-faceted, multi-level model including several important variables simultaneously at both the individual and country levels. Economic well-being and health were the two variables with the strongest relations to SWB (at the individual level), so they appear especially important.
Discrete torsion, symmetric products and the Hilbert scheme
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Ralph M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We combine our results on symmetric products and second quantization with our description of discrete torsion in order to explain the ring structure of the cohomology of the Hilbert scheme of points on a K3 surface. This is achieved in terms of an essentially unique symmetric group Frobenius algebra twisted by a specific discrete torsion. This twist is realized in form of a tensor product with a twisted group algebra that is defined by a discrete torsion cocycle. We furthermore show that the form of this cocycle is dictated by the geometry of the Hilbert scheme as a resolution of singularities of the symmetric product.
description: This is an older paper (2004), which we would like to make more widely accessible
Color evolution in New World orioles: ancestral state reconstruction of male and female coloration
Creators: name: Hofmann, Christopher
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biology, General (0306)
Biology, Zoology (0472)

description: Elaborate visual signals, such as intense, highly-contrasting colors, have intrigued biologists for centuries.   Although many intraspecific studies have investigated the function and evolution of elaborate coloration, comprehensive, detailed, interspecific studies of color are rare.   To better understand the evolution of elaborate coloration, we measured New World oriole plumage using a reflectance spectrometer.   We then used these color measurements to reconstruct evolutionary changes in male and female coloration across the oriole phylogeny.   ; We found that adult male oriole coloration is produced by two different pigment classes, carotenoids and phaeomelanins.   In at least one taxon having phaeomelanin-based coloration, carotenoids were still present in large enough quantities to produce color, indicating that phaeomelanins were masking carotenoid coloration.   Ancestral state reconstruction suggested that orioles with phaeomelanin-based colors arose from an ancestor with carotenoid coloration, indicating that the directionality of the pigment change was from carotenoid to phaeomelanin.   These changes appear to have occurred multiple times; however, all changes are found within only one of the three major oriole lineages.  When we focused on male carotenoid-based colors, we found continuous variation from yellow to scarlet.   Ancestral state reconstruction of spectral location suggested that carotenoid coloration was labile, with several large color changes occurring among closely related orioles.   Although coloration was labile, related taxa resembled each other greater than expected due to chance, suggesting that a significant amount of phylogenetic signal was present.   However, the strength of this signal was weak and it did not appear to limit color evolution.  Although male orioles varied considerably in their spectral location, they varied little in their degree of elaboration.   All males had a highly-contrasting appearance, with saturated color plumage, and dark, melanin-based, achromatic plumage.   In contrast, females varied considerably in carotenoid saturation and the brightness of their melanin-based plumage.   Comparative analyses suggested that these changes in female saturation and melanin brightness were correlated. Finally, we studied the evolution of sexual dichromatism in a phylogenetic context.   Ancestral state reconstruction suggested that females repeatedly lost elaborate coloration, which led to multiple gains of sexual dichromatism. These findings differ from the traditional paradigm of increased male elaboration leading to sexual dichromatism.
Experimental Test of Universal Conductance Fluctuations by means of Wave-Chaotic Microwave Cavities
Creators: name: Hemmady, Sameer
name: Hart, James
name: Zheng, Xing
name: Antonsen, Thomas M.
name: Ott, Edward
name: Anlage, Steven M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mathematical equivalence of the time-independent Schrodinger equation and the Helmholtz equation is exploited to provide a novel means of studying universal conductance fluctuations in ballistic chaotic mesoscopic systems using a two-dimensional microwave-cavity. The classically chaotic ray trajectories within a suitably-shaped microwave cavity play a role analogous to that of the chaotic dynamics of non-interacting electron transport through a ballistic quantum dot in the absence of thermal fluctuations. The microwave cavity is coupled through two single-mode ports and the effect of non-ideal coupling between the ports and cavity is removed by a previously developed method based on the measured radiation impedance matrix. The Landauer-Buttiker formalism is applied to obtain the conductance of a corresponding mesoscopic quantum-dot device. We find good agreement for the probability density functions (PDFs) of the experimentally derived surrogate conductance, as well as its mean and variance, with the theoretical predictions of Brouwer and Beenakker. We also observe a linear relation between the quantum dephasing parameter and the cavity ohmic loss parameter.
description: 7 Pages,5 Figures (all figures in Color). Submitted to Phys. Rev. B. Updated with Referee/Editor comments
Dephasing in strongly disordered interacting quantum wires
Creators: name: Nandy, Sourav
name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Bera, Soumya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-body localization is a fascinating theoretical concept describing the intricate interplay of quantum interference, i.e. localization, with many-body interaction induced dephasing. Numerous computational tests and also several experiments have been put forward to support the basic concept. Typically, averages of time-dependent global observables have been considered, such as the charge imbalance. We here investigate within the disordered spin-less Hubbard ($t-V$) model how dephasing manifests in time dependent variances of observables. We find that after quenching a Néel state the local charge density exhibits strong temporal fluctuations with a damping that is sensitive to disorder $W$: variances decay in a power law manner, $t^{-ζ}$, with an exponent $ζ(W)$ strongly varying with $W$. A heuristic argument suggests the form, $ζ\approxα(W)ξ_\text{sp}$, where $ξ_\text{sp}(W)$ denotes the noninteracting localization length and $α(W)$ characterizes the multifractal structure of the dynamically active volume fraction of the many-body Hilbert space. In order to elucidate correlations underlying the damping mechanism, exact computations are compared with results from the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation. Implications for experimentally relevant observables, such as the imbalance, will be discussed.
description: 7+3 pages, 6+4 figures
The early postnatal period: Exploring women's views, expectations and experiences of care using focus groups in Victoria, Australia
Creators: name: Forster, Della
name: McLachlan, Helen
name: Rayner, Jo-Anne
name: Yelland, J
name: Gold, L
name: Rayner, S
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4204
subject: Midwifery
classificationCode: 3215
subject: Reproductive medicine

description: Background: There is growing evidence from Australia and overseas that the care provided in hospital in the early postnatal period is less than ideal for both women and care providers. Many health services face increasing pressure on hospital beds and have limited physical space available to care for mothers and their babies. We aimed to gain a more in-depth understanding of women's views, expectations and experiences of early postnatal care. Methods: We conducted focus groups in rural and metropolitan Victoria, Australia in 2006. Fifty-two people participated in eight focus groups and four interviews. Participants included eight pregnant women, of whom seven were pregnant with their first baby; 42 women who were in the postpartum period (some up to twelve months after the birth of their baby); and two partners. All participants were fluent in English. Focus group guides were developed specifically for the study and explored participants' experiences and/or expectations of early postnatal care in hospital and at home, with an emphasis on length of hospital stay, professional and social support, continuity of care, and rest. Discussions were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. A thematic network was constructed to describe and connect categories with emerging basic, organizing, and global themes. Results: Global themes that emerged were: anxiety and/or fear; and the transition to motherhood and parenting. The needs of first time mothers were considered to be different to the needs of women who had already experienced motherhood. The women in this study were generally concerned about the safety of their new baby, and lacked confidence in themselves as new mothers regarding their ability to care for their baby. There was a consistent view that the physical presence and availability of professional support helped alleviate these concerns, and this was especially the case for women having a first baby. Conclusion: Women have anxieties and fears around early parenting and their changing role, and may consider that the physical availability of professional care providers will help during this time. Care providers should be cognisant of these potential issues. It is crucial that women's concerns and needs be considered when service delivery changes are planned. If anxiety around new parenting is a predominant view then care providers need to recognise this and ensure care is individualised to address each woman's/families particular concerns.
Characterizing the Interactions between the Nucleocapsid Protein and the 5'-UTR of HIV-1: Implications for Diploid Genome Packaging.
Creators: name: Heng, Xiao
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: 5'-UTR
diploid genome selection
HIV-1
ITC
NC
NMR

description: During assembly of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), two copies of the intact, unspliced viral RNA genome are efficiently incorporated into virions, whereas host RNAs and spliced viral RNAs are excluded. Packaging is mediated by interactions between the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of the viral Gag polyproteins and the packaging segments located in the highly conserved 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the RNA genome. Current understanding of the structural determinants of the diploid genome selection and packaging by HIV-1 remains limited, in part due to the lack of high-resolution structural information about the 5'-UTR. We hypothesized that diploid genome selection is mediated by a dimerization-dependent RNA structural switch mechanism, in which the NC binding sites are sequestered in the monomeric RNA, and become exposed upon dimerization. In our efforts to test this hypothesis, we found that RNA dimerization through the dimer-promoting hairpin (DIS) per se does not alter the RNA structure and expose more NC binding sites. Instead, our findings suggest that long-range interactions between the Gag open reading frame (AUG) and the upstream element (U5) regulates the monomer-dimer equilibrium of the 5'-UTR. The structural changes upon dimerization expose approximately 10 high affinity NC binding sites that were sequestered in the monomer. Mutations that stabilize the monomer conformation inhibit RNA packaging in vivo, whereas those that stabilize the dimer promote packaging. Our findings support a nucleotide displacement RNA switch mechanism for diploid genome selection, in which the U5:AUG interactions expose the DIS and a critical number of NC binding sites required for packaging. We also studied the role of Tar, PolyA and PBS elements in the dimeric 5'-UTR structure, and found that they do not affect the U5:AUG long-range interaction mediated  monomer-dimer equilibrium. Both in vitro NC binding studies and in vivo packaging assays of the Tar, PolyA and PBS deleted mutants have enabled us to identify a 156-nucleotide RNA segment spanning from U5 through AUG, that appears to serve as the core packaging signal of HIV-1.
Can discovery of hidden charm strange pentaquark states help determine the spins of $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$?
Creators: name: Liu, Ming-Zhu
name: Pan, Ya-Wen
name: Geng, Li-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pentaquark states, $P_{c}(4312)$, $P_{c}(4440)$ and $P_{c}(4457)$, could be nicely arranged into a multiplet of seven molecules of $\bar{D}^{(\ast)}Σ_{c}^{(\ast)}$ dictated by heavy quark spin symmetry. However, the spins of $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$ are not yet fully determined. In this work we employ the contact-range effective field theory to investigate the $SU(3)$-flavor counterparts of $\bar{D}^{(\ast)}Σ_{c}^{(\ast)}$, and study the possibility whether their discovery can help determine the spins of $P_c(4457)$ and $P_c(4440)$. We find the existence of a complete hidden charm strange multiplet of $\bar{D}^{(\ast)}Ξ_{c}^{(\prime\ast)}$ molecules irrespective of the spins of $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$. On the other hand, we find that although molecules of $\bar{D}^{(\ast)}Ξ_{c}$ are also likely, depending on the realization of the underlying dynamics, their discovery can be more useful to determine the spins of $P_{c}(4440)$ and $P_{c}(4457)$ and to tell how the heavy quark and light quark interaction depends on the spin of the light quark pair.