cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
MPEC 2023-J169 : S/2004 S 50
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: S/2004 S 50

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Understanding health and care expenditure by setting – who matters to whom?
Creators: name: Shand, Jenny
name: Morris, Stephen
name: Gomes, Manuel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Original Research
health and care service utilisation
integrated health care systems
linked data sets

description: Objective: To assess service use and associated expenditure across a range of care settings in one local authority in London, United Kingdom. Methods: An analysis of linked electronic health and council records of adults living in the borough of Barking and Dagenham, east London, for the financial year 2016/17. Unit costs were applied to individual service use to provide expenditure at an individual and population level for five settings of care. Population and expenditure volumes were compared for 32 possible combinations of service use. Results: The total expenditure for the cohort (114,393 residents) for 2016/17 was £180.1 million. Almost half (47%) of total expenditure was incurred by community care, social care and mental health services, with hospital care and primary care incurring, respectively, 35% (£63.3 m) and 18% (£32.6 m). The two most common combinations in terms of total population volume and expenditure were primary and hospital care, and primary, hospital and community care. Primary care was present in all combinations. Mental health service use accounted for just over a tenth of all expenditure in the borough, but using mental health services substantially increased mean expenditure per patient. Conclusions: A whole system perspective across all settings of care improves understanding of service user patterns. Setting-level analysis remains important, particularly for mental health users.
Some properties of partial fidelities
Creators: name: Rastegin, Alexey E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Basic properties of Uhlmann's partial fidelities are discussed. Statistical interpretation in terms of POVM measurements is established. Multiplicativity properties are considered. The relationship between partial fidelities and partitioned trace distances is derived. As it is shown, the partial fidelities cannot decrease under unistochastic quantum operations. Thus, the partial fidelities have good properties in the sense of their use as distinguishability measures.
description: 13 pages, no figures. Some corrections are made. The bibliography is extended. This version contains the proof that partial fidelities are not monotone generally. To appear in QIC
Additional file 1 of Low-grade inflammation in survivors of childhood cancer and testicular cancer and its association with hypogonadism and metabolic risk factors
Creators: name: Ekedahl, Henrik
name: Isaksson, Sigrid
name: Ståhl, Olof
name: Bogefors, Karolina
name: Romerius, Patrik
name: Eberhard, Jakob
name: Giwercman, Aleksander
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary tables and figures. Comparison of patients in and not in the follow up analysis, and distributions of inflammatory cytokine levels in survivors of testicular and childhood cancer and controls.
A study of the edge of stability in deep learning
Creators: name: Fox, Curtis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Optimization of deep neural networks has been studied extensively, but our understanding of it is still very limited. In particular, it is still unclear how to optimally set hyperparameters such as the step size for gradient descent when training neural networks. We explore the issue of tuning the step size for full batch gradient descent, examining a proposed phenomenon in the literature called the "edge of stability". This refers to a phase of training for neural networks when the training loss non-monotonically decreases over time while the sharpness (the maximum eigenvalue of the Hessian matrix) oscillates around the threshold of precisely two divided by the step size. In this thesis, we start by providing the necessary background to understand the current state of the art in this area. We then perform various experiments on the sharpness, and study its trajectory over the course of training with full batch gradient descent. Unlike the vast majority of the previous literature, we focus on investigating the sharpness with respect to the various layers of neural networks individually. We observe that different layers of a neural network have differing behavior in their sharpness trajectories. We focus on fully connected networks and examine how varying hyperparameters of the network, such as the number of layers or hidden units per layer, impact the sharpness. Finally, we explore how various architecture choices impact step size selection when training with gradient descent. We see that changing just one parameter of a deep neural network, such as the non-linear activation functions used in each layer, can greatly impact which step sizes can lead to divergence during training. This motivates further investigation into how architecture choices affect hyperparameter selection.
Losing Control: Sleep Deprivation Impairs the Suppression of Unwanted Thoughts
Creators: name: Harrington, Marcus O.
name: Ashton, Jennifer E.
name: Sankarasubramanian, Subbulakshmi
name: Anderson, Michael C.
name: Cairney, Scott A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Empirical Articles
sleep deprivation
emotion regulation
perseverative thoughts
memory control
psychiatric disorders
open data

description: Unwanted memories often enter conscious awareness when individuals confront reminders. People vary widely in their talents at suppressing such memory intrusions; however, the factors that govern suppression ability are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that successful memory control requires sleep. Following overnight sleep or total sleep deprivation, participants attempted to suppress intrusions of emotionally negative and neutral scenes when confronted with reminders. The sleep-deprived group experienced significantly more intrusions (unsuccessful suppressions) than the sleep group. Deficient control over intrusive thoughts had consequences: Whereas in rested participants suppression reduced behavioral and psychophysiological indices of negative affect for aversive memories, it had no such salutary effect for sleep-deprived participants. Our findings raise the possibility that sleep deprivation disrupts prefrontal control over medial temporal lobe structures that support memory and emotion. These data point to an important role of sleep disturbance in maintaining and exacerbating psychiatric conditions characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts.
Impaired Autobiographical Memory Flexibility in Iranian Trauma Survivors With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Creators: name: Piltan, Maryam
name: Moradi, Ali Reza
name: Choobin, Mohammad Hassan
name: Azadfallah, Parviz
name: Eskandari, Sara
name: Hitchcock, Caitlin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Brief Empirical Reports
autobiographical memory
posttraumatic stress disorder
trauma
open data

description: Reduced ability to retrieve specific autobiographical memories is a well-defined feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and science-driven interventions have emerged to improve memory specificity and thereby symptoms. However, research in depressed samples indicates that the ability to flexibly move between retrieval of specific and general memory types (i.e., memory flexibility) may more accurately conceptualize autobiographical memory deficits in emotional disturbance. In this study, we evaluated memory specificity and memory flexibility in Iranian trauma survivors (N = 63) with and without PTSD relative to community control participants. Trauma-exposed participants had experienced a serious road-traffic accident. Results indicated that individuals with PTSD experienced reduced memory specificity and memory flexibility relative to trauma-exposed participants and community control participants. A small sample size limits the strength of conclusions, although good statistical power was obtained. Findings suggest that reduced memory flexibility may be a transdiagnostic marker of emotional disturbance and support further development of memory flexibility interventions for PTSD.
Marketing Industrial Molasses
Creators: name: Doyle, B. K.
name: Doyle, B. K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1951
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpt from the report’s Scope and Objectives: The primary objectives of this study are: (1) To analyze the future place of molasses as a raw material in the production of ethyl alcohol, and the effect of the expected molasses utilization level in alcohol on molasses prices and utilization; (2) to recommend marketing methods that may lower marketing costs and improve marketing methods for molasses moving to the feed trade; and (3) to point out feed consumption areas in which molasses consumption might be more readily expanded.
The (1-E)-transform in combinatorial Hopf algebras
Creators: name: Hivert, F.
name: Luque, J. -G.
name: Novelli, J. -C.
name: Thibon, J. -Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We extend to several combinatorial Hopf algebras the endomorphism of symmetric functions sending the first power-sum to zero and leaving the other ones invariant. As a transformation of alphabets, this is the (1-E)-transform, where E is the exponential alphabet, whose elementary symmetric functions are e_n=1/n!. In the case of noncommutative symmetric functions, we recover Schocker's idempotents for derangement numbers [Discr. Math. 269 (2003), 239]. From these idempotents, we construct subalgebras of the descent algebras analogous to the peak algebras and study their representation theory. The case of WQSym leads to similar subalgebras of the Solomon-Tits algebras. In FQSym, the study of the transformation boils down to a simple solution of the Tsetlin library in the uniform case.
description: 33 pages
Additional file 2 of Complete mitochondrial genomes of three fairy shrimps from snowmelt pools in Japan
Creators: name: Kitano, Takashi
name: Sato, Hidenori
name: Takahashi, Norihito
name: Igarashi, Seiki
name: Hatanaka, Yushi
name: Igarashi, Keiji
name: Umetsu, Kazuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2.
Guías de práctica clínica para el manejo del parto normal: una revisión de alcance - Protocolo.docx
Creators: name: Naysha Becerra-Chauca
name: Tanaka, Jessica Zafra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111402 Obstetrics and Gynaecology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This is a protocol for a scoping review of clinical practice guidelines about normal childbirth and an analysis of the Peruvian recommendations about the topic.
Sociodemographic differences in self-reported exposure to high fat, salt and sugar food and drink advertising: a cross-sectional analysis of 2019 UK panel data
Creators: name: Yau, Amy
name: Adams, Jean
name: Boyland, Emma J
name: Burgoine, Thomas
name: Cornelsen, Laura
name: De Vocht, Frank
name: Egan, Matt
name: Er, Vanessa
name: Lake, Amelia A
name: Lock, Karen
name: Mytton, Oliver
name: Petticrew, Mark
name: Thompson, Claire
name: White, Martin
name: Cummins, Steven
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Public health
1506
1724
public health
social medicine
nutrition & dietetics

description: Objectives: To explore sociodemographic differences in exposure to advertising for foods and drinks high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) and whether exposure is associated with body mass index (BMI). Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: UK. Participants: 1552 adults recruited to the Kantar Fast Moving Consumer Goods panel for London and the North of England. Outcome measures: Self-reported advertising exposure stratified by product/service advertised (processed HFSS foods; sugary drinks; sugary cereals; sweet snacks; fast food or digital food delivery services) and advertising setting (traditional; digital; recreational; functional or transport); BMI and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Overall, 84.7% of participants reported exposure to HFSS advertising in the past 7 days. Participants in the middle (vs high) socioeconomic group had higher odds of overall self-reported exposure (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.07). Participants in the low (vs high) socioeconomic group had higher odds of reporting exposure to advertising for three of five product categories (ORs ranging from 1.41 to 1.67), advertising for digital food delivery services (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.05), traditional advertising (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.08) and digital advertising (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.14). Younger adults (18–34 years vs ≥65 years) had higher odds of reporting exposure to advertising for digital food delivery services (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.20 to 3.59), digital advertising (OR 3.93; 95% CI 2.18 to 7.08) and advertising across transport networks (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.48). Exposure to advertising for digital food delivery services (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.88), digital advertising (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.33 to 2.44) and advertising in recreational environments (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.09) was associated with increased odds of obesity. Conclusions: Exposure to less healthy product advertising was prevalent, with adults in lower socioeconomic groups and younger adults more likely to report exposure. Broader restrictions may be needed to reduce sociodemographic differences in exposure to less healthy product advertising.
Additional file 3 of Complete mitochondrial genomes of three fairy shrimps from snowmelt pools in Japan
Creators: name: Kitano, Takashi
name: Sato, Hidenori
name: Takahashi, Norihito
name: Igarashi, Seiki
name: Hatanaka, Yushi
name: Igarashi, Keiji
name: Umetsu, Kazuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3.
Stroke in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Nannoni, Stefania
name: De Groot, Rosa
name: Bell, Steven
name: Markus, Hugh S
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Review
Stroke
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
acute cerebrovascular disease
hemorrhagic stroke

description: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, affecting millions of people. However, the relationship between COVID-19 and acute cerebrovascular diseases is unclear. Aims: We aimed to characterize the incidence, risk factors, clinical–radiological manifestations, and outcome of COVID-19-associated stroke. Methods: Three medical databases were systematically reviewed for published articles on acute cerebrovascular diseases in COVID-19 (December 2019–September 2020). The review protocol was previously registered (PROSPERO ID = CRD42020185476). Data were extracted from articles reporting ≥5 stroke cases in COVID-19. We complied with the PRISMA guidelines and used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to assess data quality. Data were pooled using a random-effect model. Summary of review: Of 2277 initially identified articles, 61 (2.7%) were entered in the meta-analysis. Out of 108,571 patients with COVID-19, acute CVD occurred in 1.4% (95%CI: 1.0–1.9). The most common manifestation was acute ischemic stroke (87.4%); intracerebral hemorrhage was less common (11.6%). Patients with COVID-19 developing acute cerebrovascular diseases, compared to those who did not, were older (pooled median difference = 4.8 years; 95%CI: 1.7–22.4), more likely to have hypertension (OR = 7.35; 95%CI: 1.94–27.87), diabetes mellitus (OR = 5.56; 95%CI: 3.34–9.24), coronary artery disease (OR = 3.12; 95%CI: 1.61–6.02), and severe infection (OR = 5.10; 95%CI: 2.72–9.54). Compared to individuals who experienced a stroke without the infection, patients with COVID-19 and stroke were younger (pooled median difference = −6.0 years; 95%CI: −12.3 to −1.4), had higher NIHSS (pooled median difference = 5; 95%CI: 3–9), higher frequency of large vessel occlusion (OR = 2.73; 95%CI: 1.63–4.57), and higher in-hospital mortality rate (OR = 5.21; 95%CI: 3.43–7.90). Conclusions: Acute cerebrovascular diseases are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19, especially in those whom are severely infected and have pre-existing vascular risk factors. The pattern of large vessel occlusion and multi-territory infarcts suggests that cerebral thrombosis and/or thromboembolism could be possible causative pathways for the disease.
Dynamic Multimedia Content Retrieval System in Distributed Environment
Creators: name: Sivaraman, R.
name: Prabakaran, R.
name: Sujatha, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: WiCoM enables remote management of web resources. Our application Mobile reporter is aimed at Journalist, who will be able to capture the events in real-time using their mobile phones and update their web server on the latest event. WiCoM has been developed using J2ME technology on the client side and PHP on the server side. The communication between the client and the server is established through GPRS. Mobile reporter will be able to upload, edit and remove both textual as well as multimedia contents in the server.
description: 4 Pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, Impact Factor 0.423, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
Who Counts as an Authentic Indigenous? Collective Identity Negotiations in the Chilean Urban Context
Creators: name: Brablec, Dana
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Articles
authenticity
cities
ethnicity
hybridity
Indigenous associations
Mapuche
urban indigeneity

description: While increasing numbers of Indigenous peoples worldwide live in cities, mainstream research and practice continue to render urban indigeneity invisible and assume that Indigenous groups remain confined to a rural homeland. As a strategy of resistance to assimilation to their nation-states, Indigenous peoples in cities have tended to foster conceptions of ethno-cultural purity to defend their threatened cultures. Building on the literature on socio-cultural hybridity and based on ethnographic information, this article discusses the ways in which the Mapuche members of Indigenous associations in Santiago de Chile understand their indigeneity as urban dwellers. While the article reveals that the content of what counts as ‘authentic’ Mapuche-ness may vary for each individual, the Mapuche, framed by the collective participatory environment offered by their urban associations, attempt to perform, as best they can, the dominant understandings of what counts as indigeneity.
Quasinormal modes of black holes in anti-de Sitter space: a numerical study of the eikonal limit
Creators: name: Morgan, Jaqueline
name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Miranda, Alex S.
name: Molina, C.
name: Zanchin, Vilson T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using series solutions and time-domain evolutions, we probe the eikonal limit of the gravitational and scalar-field quasinormal modes of large black holes and black branes in anti-de Sitter backgrounds. These results are particularly relevant for the AdS/CFT correspondence, since the eikonal regime is characterized by the existence of long-lived modes which (presumably) dominate the decay timescale of the perturbations. We confirm all the main qualitative features of these slowly-damped modes as predicted by Festuccia and Liu (arXiv:0811.1033) for the scalar-field (tensor-type gravitational) fluctuations. However, quantitatively we find dimensional-dependent correction factors. We also investigate the dependence of the QNM frequencies on the horizon radius of the black hole (brane) and the angular momentum (wavenumber) of vector- and scalar-type gravitational perturbations.
description: 5 pages, RevTex4. v2: References added and minor typos corrected. Published version
Additional file 7 of Complete mitochondrial genomes of three fairy shrimps from snowmelt pools in Japan
Creators: name: Kitano, Takashi
name: Sato, Hidenori
name: Takahashi, Norihito
name: Igarashi, Seiki
name: Hatanaka, Yushi
name: Igarashi, Keiji
name: Umetsu, Kazuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7.
Protests and Policies: How Radical Social Movement Activists Engage with Climate Policy Dilemmas
Creators: name: Corry, Olaf
name: Reiner, David
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Articles
carbon capture and storage (CCS)
climate change
energy policy
expertise
Green Parties
protest
Scientism
social movements

description: Funder: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; FundRef: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000943
description: How do radical movements seeking fundamental social change engage with nearer-term policy dilemmas? Disciplinary boundaries and practical obstacles have limited research into protester policy engagement. Using a hybrid method combining participant-observation and expert-led focus groups, we document activist attitudes concerning controversial climate policy options. Data gathered at ‘Climate Camps’ in six national contexts are presented alongside evidence from similar ‘participant-instigator’ events at Green Party conferences. We find activists engaged in direct action outside the established political system had policy knowledge and agendas comparable to or surpassing those active within the system. Support for radical change appears correlated with – rather than opposed to – knowledge and interest in policy agendas. As climate protests escalate it is important to understand ‘protester policy engagement’ – the processing, production and communication of changes proposed from a position outside the established political system and to theorise this with, rather than in contradistinction to, social movement identity.
Improvement of the Tm3+:3H4 level lifetime in silica optical fibres by lowering the local phonon energy
Creators: name: Faure, Basile
name: Blanc, Wilfried
name: Dussardier, Bernard
name: Monnom, Gérard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of some glass network modifiers on the quantum efficiency of the near-infrared fluorescence from the 3H4 level of Tm3+ ion in silica-based doped fibres is studied. Modifications of the core composition affect the spectroscopic properties of Tm3+ ion. Adding 17.4 mol% of AlO3/2 to the core glass caused an increase of the 3H4 level lifetime up to 50 $μ$s, 3.6 times higher than in pure silica glass. The quantum efficiency was increased from 2% to approximately 8%. On the opposite, 8 mol% of PO5/2 in the core glass made the lifetime decrease downto 9 $μ$s. These changes of Tm3+ optical properties are assigned to the change of the local phonon energy to which they are submitted by modifiers located in the vicinity of the doping sites. Some qualitative predictions of the maximum achievable quantum efficiency are possible using a simple microscopic model to calculate the non-radiative de-excitation rates.
Scleractinian Connectivity, integrating modelling and genetics approaches
Creators: name: Fox, Alan
name: Arnaud-Haond, Sophie
name: Boavida, Joana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The presentation 'Scleractinian Connectivity, integrating modelling and genetics approaches' was given by Alan Fox at the 4th ATLAS General Assembly. (Contributing authors Alan Fox, Sophie Arnaud-Haond, Joana Boavida, Ronan Becheler, José Manuel González-Irusta, Oscar Gaggiotti, Stefan Gary, Arne Biastoch.)
Additional file 8 of Complete mitochondrial genomes of three fairy shrimps from snowmelt pools in Japan
Creators: name: Kitano, Takashi
name: Sato, Hidenori
name: Takahashi, Norihito
name: Igarashi, Seiki
name: Hatanaka, Yushi
name: Igarashi, Keiji
name: Umetsu, Kazuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8.
A Turbulent Model of Gamma-Ray Burst Variability
Creators: name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: Kumar, Pawan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A popular paradigm to explain the rapid temporal variability observed in gamma-ray burst (GRB) lightcurves is the internal shock model. We propose an alternative model in which the radiating fluid in the GRB shell is relativistically turbulent with a typical eddy Lorentz factor $γ_t$. In this model, all pulses in the gamma-ray lightcurve are produced at roughly the same distance $R$ from the center of the explosion. The burst duration is $\sim R/cΓ^2$, where $Γ$ is the bulk Lorentz factor of the expanding shell, and the duration of individual pulses in the lightcurve is $\sim R/cΓ^2γ_t^2$. The model naturally produces highly variable lightcurves with $\simγ_t^2$ individual pulses. Even though the model assumes highly inhomogeneous conditions, nevertheless the efficiency for converting jet energy to radiation is high.
description: Submitted to MNRAS
Highlights in the History of Forest Conservation
Creators: name: U.S. Forest Service
name: U.S. Forest Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1952
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpt from the report Conclusion: This short history of conservation gives some of the important steps in our evolution from the belief that forests were something to be exploited and gotten rid of as quickly as possible, to the realization that forests are necessary to human welfare. And that by good management they can be kept permanently productive. As tall oaks from little acorns grow, the work of conservation has grown from a tiny beginning to a great movement, extending its benefits in all directions. It is a living thing, its parts mutually interdependent. Let us keep it growing healthily.
Disentangling Item and Testing Effects in Inoculation Research on Online Misinformation: Solomon Revisited
Creators: name: Roozenbeek, Jon
name: Maertens, Rakoen
name: McClanahan, William
name: Van Der Linden, Sander
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: misinformation
fake news
inoculation theory
Solomon’s Three Group Design
Bad News

description: Online misinformation is a pervasive global problem. In response, psychologists have recently explored the theory of psychological inoculation: If people are preemptively exposed to a weakened version of a misinformation technique, they can build up cognitive resistance. This study addresses two unanswered methodological questions about a widely adopted online “fake news” inoculation game, Bad News. First, research in this area has often looked at pre- and post-intervention difference scores for the same items, which may imply that any observed effects are specific to the survey items themselves (item effects). Second, it is possible that using a pretest influences the outcome variable of interest, or that the pretest may interact with the intervention (testing effects). We investigate both item and testing effects in two online studies (total N = 2,159) using the Bad News game. For the item effect, we examine if inoculation effects are still observed when different items are used in the pre- and posttest. To examine the testing effect, we use a Solomon’s Three Group Design. We find that inoculation interventions are somewhat influenced by item effects, and not by testing effects. We show that inoculation interventions are effective at improving people’s ability to spot misinformation techniques and that the Bad News game does not make people more skeptical of real news. We discuss the larger relevance of these findings for evaluating real-world psychological interventions.
Don’t seek, don’t find: The diagnostic challenge of Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Creators: name: Kohnke, Sara
name: Meek, Claire L
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Mini Review
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
ophthalmoplegia
nystagmus
bariatric surgery
obesity
nutrition
deficiency

description: Wernicke’s encephalopathy is caused by thiamine deficiency and has a range of presenting features, including gait disturbance, altered cognitive state, nystagmus and other eye movement disorders. In the past, Wernicke’s encephalopathy was described almost exclusively in the alcohol-dependent population. However, in current times, Wernicke’s encephalopathy is also well recognized in many other patient groups, including patients following bariatric surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, cancer and pancreatitis. Early recognition of Wernicke’s encephalopathy is vital, as prompt treatment can restore cognitive or ocular function and can prevent permanent disability. Unfortunately, Wernicke’s encephalopathy is often undiagnosed – presumably because it is relatively uncommon and has a variable clinical presentation. Clinical biochemists have a unique role in advising clinicians about potential nutritional or metabolic causes of unexplained neurological symptoms and to prompt consideration of thiamine deficiency as a potential cause in high-risk patient groups. The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of Wernicke’s encephalopathy and to highlight some non-traditional causes, such as after bariatric surgery.
Employing a latent variable framework to improve efficiency in composite endpoint analysis
Creators: name: McMenamin, Martina
name: Barrett, Jessica K
name: Berglind, Anna
name: Wason, James MS
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Articles
Composite endpoint
latent variable model
responder analysis
systemic lupus erythematosus

description: Composite endpoints that combine multiple outcomes on different scales are common in clinical trials, particularly in chronic conditions. In many of these cases, patients will have to cross a predefined responder threshold in each of the outcomes to be classed as a responder overall. One instance of this occurs in systemic lupus erythematosus, where the responder endpoint combines two continuous, one ordinal and one binary measure. The overall binary responder endpoint is typically analysed using logistic regression, resulting in a substantial loss of information. We propose a latent variable model for the systemic lupus erythematosus endpoint, which assumes that the discrete outcomes are manifestations of latent continuous measures and can proceed to jointly model the components of the composite. We perform a simulation study and find that the method offers large efficiency gains over the standard analysis, the magnitude of which is highly dependent on the components driving response. Bias is introduced when joint normality assumptions are not satisfied, which we correct for using a bootstrap procedure. The method is applied to the Phase IIb MUSE trial in patients with moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus. We show that it estimates the treatment effect 2.5 times more precisely, offering a 60% reduction in required sample size.
Expected values for gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormone concentrations in healthy volunteers in the fasting and postprandial state
Creators: name: Meek, Claire L
name: Lewis, Hannah B
name: Burling, Keith
name: Reimann, Frank
name: Gribble, Fiona
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Articles
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)
peptide YY (PYY)
analytical chemistry
immunoassay

description: Background: Gastrointestinal hormones regulate intestinal transit, control digestion, influence appetite and promote satiety. Altered production or action of gut hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and peptide YY (PYY), may contribute to the biological basis of obesity and altered glucose homeostasis. However, challenges in analytical methodology and lack of clarity on expected values for healthy individuals have limited progress in this field. The aim of this study was to describe expected concentrations of gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones in healthy volunteers following a standardized meal test (SMT) or 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods: A total of 28 healthy volunteers (12 men, 16 women; mean age 31.3 years; mean body mass index 24.9 kg/m2) were recruited to attend a hospital clinic on two occasions. Volunteers had blood sampling in the fasting state and were given, in randomized order, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and standardized mixed liquid meal test with venepuncture at timed intervals for 4 h after ingestion. Analytical methods for gut and pancreatic hormones were assessed and optimized. Concentrations of gut and pancreatic hormones were measured and used to compile ranges of expected values. Results: Ranges of expected values were created for glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, GIP, PYY and free fatty acids in response to a standardized mixed liquid meal or OGTT. Intact proinsulin and C-peptide levels were also measured following the OGTT. Conclusions: These ranges of expected values can now be used to compare gut hormone concentrations between healthy individuals and patient groups.
Woodroofe's one-armed bandit problem revisited
Creators: name: Goldenshluger, Alexander
name: Zeevi, Assaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62L05 (Primary), 60G40, 62C20 (Secondary)

description: We consider the one-armed bandit problem of Woodroofe [J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 74 (1979) 799--806], which involves sequential sampling from two populations: one whose characteristics are known, and one which depends on an unknown parameter and incorporates a covariate. The goal is to maximize cumulative expected reward. We study this problem in a minimax setting, and develop rate-optimal polices that involve suitable modifications of the myopic rule. It is shown that the regret, as well as the rate of sampling from the inferior population, can be finite or grow at various rates with the time horizon of the problem, depending on "local" properties of the covariate distribution. Proofs rely on martingale methods and information theoretic arguments.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AAP589 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Ein Tonstempel aus der spätmesolithischen Fundstelle von Arconciel/La Souche (Kanton Freiburg, Schweiz)
Creators: name: Mauvilly, Michel
name: Jeunesse, Christian
name: Doppler, Thomas
Publisher: name: Quartär – Internationales Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit
Year: 2021

description: Quartär – Internationales Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit, Bd. 55 (2008): Quartär. Internationales Jahrbuch zur Eiszeitalter- und Steinzeitforschung
A formação do Território Capixaba: ocupação e conflitos em cinco séculos de disputas
Creators: name: André Michelato
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Com o objetivo de sintetizar as leituras e pesquisas realizadas em torno de cada povo e etnia, assim como os conflitos e processos de ocupação que ocorreram em terras capixabas, este artigo reúne e articula pesquisas que, de forma isolada, descreveram e caracterizaram como cada grupo influiu no processo de formação social, econômica e demográfica do território capixaba. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, com ênfase em trabalhos que recuperaram os processos de ocupação e conflitos em torno dos povos indígenas, negros escravizados, migrantes de outros estados e imigrantes estrangeiros, considerando o período entre o século XVI e início do século XX. Da presença dos povos originários e sua relação com os imigrantes, passando pelos migrantes brasileiros, a presença dos negros escravizados e por fim com a vinda dos imigrantes europeus, o território capixaba foi marcado por processos de conflitos e de formação de elites locais que demarcaram as relações econômicas, sociais e políticas, assim como a formação das cidades e a configuração dos espaços rurais.
Development and characterization of xylan crystalline nanotiles and Grasstic films from plant biomass
Creators: name: Johnson, Amanda M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Xylans are naturally occurring polysaccharides found in the secondary cell wall of plants. They can be made into bio-based materials such as functional nanoparticles or packaging films. However, not enough information is available about their structure-property relationships. Xylans co-crystallize with water forming a xylan hydrate crystal. In this work, xylan hydrates were formed and the crystals were characterized using AFM, SEM, cryo-TEM, and diffraction methods. The level of hydration influenced the crystallinity and ultrastructure of the crystals. Moreover, two distinct unit cells—corresponding to the hydrate and dihydrate forms—were identified. Next, xylans of different chemical composition were crystallized in order to determine the effects of xylan sidechain uronic acids and co-precipitated lignin on crystal morphologies. Xylan from wild-type Arabidopsis contained, on average, one uronic acid sidechain per six xylan residues. This xylan formed crystalline platelets 412 nm in diameter. Xylan from the Arabidopsis gux1/gux2 mutant contained negligible uronic acid sidechains and crystallized into spherocrystals 5 µm in diameter. This marked difference in crystal morphology could have been related to an increase in solubility of xylan with sidechains relative to the xylan deficient in sidechains. Lignin did not seem to affect xylan crystal morphology, as both untreated and delignified esparto xylans crystallized into quasi-hexagonal platelets similar in size and morphology. In addition to understanding xylan as particle additive, xylan can also form films, making making it suitable for the development of bio-based packaging. Xylan-based (“Grasstic”) films were developed and characterized for their packaging properties. This study also explored the end-of-life management of Grasstic films, showing that Grasstic readily biodegraded in compost in less than four weeks. These findings showcase xylan’s potential as a starting material for bio-based nanomaterials and packaging films.
Managing Distributed MARF with SNMP
Creators: name: Mokhov, Serguei A.
name: Huynh, Lee Wei
name: Li, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.4; I.5; I.2.6; D.2.10; D.2.11; D.2.5; D.2.2; I.2.7

description: The scope of this project's work focuses on the research and prototyping of the extension of the Distributed MARF such that its services can be managed through the most popular management protocol familiarly, SNMP. The rationale behind SNMP vs. MARF's proprietary management protocols, is that can be integrated with the use of common network service and device management, so the administrators can manage MARF nodes via a already familiar protocol, as well as monitor their performance, gather statistics, set desired configuration, etc. perhaps using the same management tools they've been using for other network devices and application servers.
description: 39 pages, 16 figures, TOC, index. A large portion of this report has been published at PDPTA'08. This 2007 report is a successor of the original DMARF work documented at arXiv:0905.2459 ; v2 adds missing .ind file for the index
Additional file 9 of Complete mitochondrial genomes of three fairy shrimps from snowmelt pools in Japan
Creators: name: Kitano, Takashi
name: Sato, Hidenori
name: Takahashi, Norihito
name: Igarashi, Seiki
name: Hatanaka, Yushi
name: Igarashi, Keiji
name: Umetsu, Kazuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 9.
Suffering women in Pakistani TV dramas : can the diasporic Pakistani relate?
Creators: name: Tapal, Zahra Murtaza
name: 0009-0005-4876-2738
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Pakistani dramas
Pakistani media
Diaspora reception
Pakistani television
Suffering women
Urdu dramas
Critical proximity
Pakistani feminism
Gender roles
Binary feminine morality

description: This project examines portrayals of women’s suffering and binary feminine morality in popular Pakistani Urdu TV dramas, categorizing these dramas within a coined genre of “suffering women,” and investigates the extent to which distance from mainland Pakistan and local Pakistani culture affects diasporic viewers’ ‘critical proximity’ to the representations of suffering women narratives and female characters. At the academic intersection of gender, media, and migration, arise discussions of diasporic women’s dissonance, as opposed to concurrence, with ‘home’ country or culture. Within this project, three basic conventions of the suffering women genre are outlined as (i) on-screen crying or suffering women, (ii) male or female patriarchal characters, and (iii) taqdeer, or karmic or poetic justice. It explores this trend by textually analyzing selected popular dramas and asking Houston-based Pakistani viewers about their experiences and sentiments regarding the dramas. Using three hugely popular dramas––Humsafar/Life Partner (2011), Meray Paas Tum Ho/I Have You (2019), and Zindagi Gulzar Hai/Life is a Rose Garden (2012)––as case studies, the project employs a multi-method analytical strategy of historical research, textual analysis, and audience interviews to create a holistic conversation around the emotional and societal impact of Pakistani suffering women dramas on diasporic Pakistani viewers. Themes addressed include matters of second generation Pakistani feminism, hegemonic gender roles, and binary perspective on women’s morality
What can the sociology of race learn from the histories of anti-colonialism?
Creators: name: Meghji, Ali
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Review Article
Anti-colonialism
decolonisation
race
racism
sociology of race

description: This essay looks at three books on the histories of anti-colonialism: Desai’s the United States of India, Getachew’s Worldmaking after Empire, and Gopal’s Insurgent Empire. I argue that despite it not being the authors’ primary focus, these books collectively push forward the sociology of race. In particular, each of these books shows the importance for contemporary race and racism scholarship to adopt a transnational, temporally connected approach which is able to both study and forge global anti-colonial solidarities.
Developing Experimental Models for NASA Missions with ASSL
Creators: name: Vassev, Emil
name: Hinchey, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: NASA's new age of space exploration augurs great promise for deep space exploration missions whereby spacecraft should be independent, autonomous, and smart. Nowadays NASA increasingly relies on the concepts of autonomic computing, exploiting these to increase the survivability of remote missions, particularly when human tending is not feasible. Autonomic computing has been recognized as a promising approach to the development of self-managing spacecraft systems that employ onboard intelligence and rely less on control links. The Autonomic System Specification Language (ASSL) is a framework for formally specifying and generating autonomic systems. As part of long-term research targeted at the development of models for space exploration missions that rely on principles of autonomic computing, we have employed ASSL to develop formal models and generate functional prototypes for NASA missions. This helps to validate features and perform experiments through simulation. Here, we discuss our work on developing such missions with ASSL.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, Workshop on Formal Methods for Aerospace (FMA'09)
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage hub development on the Gulf Coast
Creators: name: Meckel, Tim A.
name: Bump, Alexander P.
name: Hovorka, Susan D.
name: Treviño, R. H.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: CCS
Gulf Coast
hub
45Q
regulatory
legislation

description: The Gulf Coast of the United States hosts diverse power generation, refining, and petrochemical processing facilities, resulting in the nation’s largest volumetric concentration of industrial CO2 emissions, rivaled only by the Ohio River Valley. These emissions sources are concentrated in specific industrial clusters that allow combining emissions streams to achieve economies of scale. The region is currently undergoing globally significant industrial expansion and investment as a result of abundant and inexpensive regional unconventional natural gas availability, and is a growing exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG). Opportunities to integrate CO2 emission management within the diverse energy chains in the region are volumetrically significant and include both concentrated and dilute sources. Significant examples of capture, transport, and storage exist. Offshore storage is particularly attractive, as it provides simplified land leasing models (single governmental land owner), proven reservoir quality, and presents fewer risks to both protected groundwater and populated areas. Projects can now take advantage of recently expanded opportunities under section 45Q of the Internal Revenue Service tax code. The region continues to evolve as an active carbon-handling hub, and is uniquely suited to justify additional investment in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies via a large-scale integrated project development. Continued development of integrated projects will allow the region to continue to grow economically within its strong fossil-fuel handling competence focus while advancing low-carbon energy technologies that maintain globally competitiveness.
Glyburide in Treating Malignant Cerebral Edema. Blocking Sulfonyl Urea One (SUR1) Receptors
Creators: name: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institutes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Cerebral edema is a serious side effect of malignant stroke. On average 70,000 patients are diagnosed with malignant cerebral edema every year, of those patients, approximately 60-80% results in fatalities. The treatment of cerebral edema includes multimodality approaches. In this article, we discuss our experience with glibenclamide in the treatment for malignant cerebral edema. Our study indicates that glibenclamide may decrease cerebral edema by blocking SUR1 receptors in ischemic stroke and non-ischemic etiologies