cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cosmology at the top of the $α'$ tower
Creators: name: Quintin, Jerome
name: Bernardo, Heliudson
name: Franzmann, Guilherme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmology of the fully $α'$-corrected duality-invariant action for the Neveu-Schwarz sector of string theory is revisited, with special emphasis on its coupling to matter sources. The role of the duality covariant pressure and dilatonic charge of the matter sector is explored in various contexts, from the low-curvature regime to non-perturbative solutions in $α'$. We comment on how an infinite tower of $α'$ corrections allows for fixed-dilaton de Sitter solutions, even in vacuum. We further investigate the necessary conditions for accelerated expansion in the Einstein frame, as well as for non-singular bounces that could resolve the big bang singularity. In particular, explicit examples are constructed, which show that the tower of $α'$ corrections may support an Einstein-frame non-singular cosmological bouncing background, even when the matter sector respects the null energy condition.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures; v2: minor changes, references added; v3: minor changes, matches published version
Quartic multifractality and finite-size corrections at the spin quantum Hall transition
Creators: name: Puschmann, Martin
name: Hernangómez-Pérez, Daniel
name: Lang, Bruno
name: Bera, Soumya
name: Evers, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin quantum Hall (or class C) transition represents one of the few localization-delocalization transitions for which some of the critical exponents are known exactly. Not known, however, is the multifractal spectrum, $τ_q$, which describes the system-size scaling of inverse participation ratios $P_q$, i.e., the $q$-moments of critical wavefunction amplitudes. We here report simulations based on the class C Chalker-Coddington network and demonstrate that $τ_q$ is (essentially) a quartic polynomial in $q$. Analytical results fix all prefactors except the quartic curvature that we obtain as $γ=(2.22\pm{0.15})\cdot10^{-3}$. In order to achieve the necessary accuracy in the presence of sizable corrections to scaling, we have analyzed the evolution with system size of the entire $P_q$-distribution function. As it turns out, in a sizable window of $q$-values this distribution function exhibits a (single-parameter) scaling collapse already in the pre-asymptotic regime, where finite-size corrections are not negligible. This observation motivates us to propose a novel approach for extracting $τ_q$ based on concepts borrowed from the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of mathematical statistics. We believe that our work provides the conceptual means for high-precision investigations of multifractal spectra also near other localization-delocalization transitions of current interest, especially the integer (class A) quantum Hall effect.
description: 16 pages, 32 figures
Control of band structure of FeSe single crystals via biaxial strain
Creators: name: Nakajima, M.
name: Ohata, Y.
name: Tajima, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed systematic transport measurements on FeSe single crystals with applying in-plane biaxial strain $\varepsilon$ ranging from -0.96% to 0.23%. Biaxial strain was introduced by firmly gluing samples to various substrate materials with different thermal expansion. With increasing $\varepsilon$, structural and superconducting transition temperatures monotonically increased and decreased, respectively. We analyzed magneto-transport results using a compensated three-carrier model. The evaluated densities of hole and electron carriers systematically changed with strain. This indicates that we succeeded in controlling the band structure of single-crystalline FeSe.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
A pilot study of hot deformation on laser cladding remanufactured high-strength steel
Creators: name: Liu, Yuehan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Laser cladding is a welding technique that has been widely used to remanufacture/repair workpieces due to its high design freedom to rebuild areas of damage and produce relatively low residual stress. However, the process often introduces a columnar grain structure, heterogenetic phase distribution, and various sizes of voids in the cladding layer for high-strength steel. These problems could result in considerable variation in the microstructure and hardness across the cladding layer, welding interface, and base metal, thereby initiating cracks from these defects under uniaxial or cyclic loading conditions. This study attempts to explore the feasibility of a new hybrid remanufacturing/repairing method that integrates the laser cladding with a subsequent hot deformation process and heat treatment to refine grain structure and eliminate large voids.
Evaluating privacy and robustness in modern data processing systems
Creators: name: Cretu, Ana-Maria
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Modern technologies collect, process, and share our data on an unprecedented scale. Understanding how these technologies affect our privacy before they are deployed is a key question. This involves taking an adversarial approach to evaluate privacy. Privacy attacks evaluate the robustness of technologies to adversaries aiming to learn sensitive information about individuals. In this thesis, we target technologies whose risks are not well understood in practice, such as anonymisation techniques for dynamic datasets, query-based systems (QBS), machine learning (ML) models, and on-device client-side scanning (CSS) for illegal content detection. We argue that there is a need to develop new threat models and methodologies to comprehensively evaluate their risks in practice. We make five contributions, proposing new threat models and attacks. Our first contribution is a study of the robustness of anonymisation techniques relying on pseudonymisation and frequent re-pseudonymisation for interaction data, showing that people's interaction data can be accurately identified in large-scale populations even after multiple weeks. We then turn to aggregation systems, which are believed to be safer than releasing individual-level data. Our second contribution is to develop a method to automatically discover privacy vulnerabilities in QBSs that matches or outperforms previous expert-designed attacks. Third, we study a new type of leakage in ML models, the leakage of correlations between the input attributes of a tabular training dataset, showing that correlations can be used as building blocks for stronger attribute inference attacks. Fourth, we study white-box membership inference attacks, analysing the impact of misalignment, a known characteristic of deep neural networks stemming from their weight symmetries, on their performance. Finally, we develop detection avoidance attacks against very recently proposed perceptual hashing-based CSS systems, in order to evaluate whether their privacy risks can be balanced by effective detection.
Imaging non-radiative point defects buried in quantum wells using cathodoluminescence
Creators: name: Weatherley, Thomas
name: Liu, Wei
name: Osokin, Vitaly
name: Alexander, Duncan
name: Taylor, Robert
name: Carlin, Jean-François
name: Butté, Raphaël
name: Grandjean, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystallographic point defects (PDs) can dramatically decrease the efficiency of optoelectronic semiconductor devices, many of which are based on quantum well (QW) heterostructures. However, spatially resolving individual non-radiative PDs buried in such QWs has so far not been demonstrated. Here, using high-resolution cathodoluminescence (CL) and a specific sample design, we spatially resolve, image, and analyse non-radiative PDs in InGaN/GaN QWs. We identify two different types of PD by their contrasting behaviour with temperature, and measure their densities from $10^{14}$ cm$^{-3}$ to as high as $10^{16}$ cm$^{-3}$. Our CL images clearly illustrate the interplay between PDs and carrier dynamics in the well: increasing PD concentration severely limits carrier diffusion lengths, while a higher carrier density suppresses the non-radiative behaviour of PDs. The results in this study are readily interpreted directly from CL images, and represent a significant advancement in nanoscale PD analysis.
description: Main text: 8 pages, 6 figures. Supplementary: 11 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of an intelligent artificial climate chamber for high-throughput crop phenotyping in wheat
Creators: name: Ren, Anhua
name: Jiang, Dong
name: Kang, Min
name: Wu, Jie
name: Xiao, Fangcheng
name: Hou, Pei
name: Fu, Xiuqing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1 Test condition parameters of wheat cultivation in the intelligent artificial climate chamber Table S2 Main environmental factor regulation parameter table Table S3 Main equipment parameter table of environmental control system Table S4 Main equipment parameters of high-precision mechanical transmission device Table S5 Parameters of imaging camera in the crop-phenotype acquisition system Table S6 Technical Parameters of Handheld Infrared Thermal Imager Table S7 Correlation analysis of systematic and manual measurements of phenotypic characteristic parameters in wheat growth period Table S8 Comparison of fitting analysis between the systematic and manual measurement values of phenotypic characteristic parameters in wheat growth period Table S9 The advantages and disadvantages of this system are compared with other platforms
Smoke and mirrors: Neutron star internal heating constraints on mirror matter
Creators: name: McKeen, David
name: Pospelov, Maxim
name: Raj, Nirmal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mirror sectors have been proposed to address the problems of dark matter, baryogenesis, and the neutron lifetime anomaly. In this work we study a new, powerful probe of mirror neutrons: neutron star temperatures. When neutrons in the neutron star core convert to mirror neutrons during collisions, the vacancies left behind in the nucleon Fermi seas are refilled by more energetic nucleons, releasing immense amounts of heat in the process. We derive a new constraint on the allowed strength of neutron--mirror-neutron mixing from observations of the coldest (sub-40,000 Kelvin) neutron star, PSR 2144$-$3933. Our limits compete with laboratory searches for neutron--mirror-neutron transitions but apply to a range of mass splittings between the neutron and mirror neutron that is 19 orders of magnitude larger. This heating mechanism, also pertinent to other neutron disappearance channels such as exotic neutron decay, provides a compelling physics target for upcoming ultraviolet, optical and infrared telescopes to study thermal emissions of cold neutron stars.
description: 4ish pages revtex4 + references, 1 figure; v2 matches PRL
Additional file 1 of HNRNPA2B1-mediated m6A modification of TLR4 mRNA promotes progression of multiple myeloma
Creators: name: Quan, Lina
name: Jia, Chuiming
name: Guo, Yiwei
name: Chen, Yao
name: Wang, Xinya
name: Xu, Qiuting
name: Zhang, Yu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used for qRT-PCR.
A 1.4-GHz Arecibo Survey for Pulsars in Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Hessels, J. W. T.
name: Ransom, S. M.
name: Stairs, I. H.
name: Kaspi, V. M.
name: Freire, P. C. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have surveyed all 22 known Galactic globular clusters observable with the Arecibo radio telescope and within 70kpc of the Sun for radio pulsations at ~1.4GHz. Data were taken with the Wideband Arecibo Pulsar Processor, which provided the large bandwidth and high time and frequency resolution needed to detect fast-spinning, faint pulsars. We have also employed advanced search techniques to maintain sensitivity to short orbital period binaries. These searches have discovered 11 new millisecond pulsars and 2 promising candidates in 5 clusters, almost doubling the population of pulsars in the Arecibo-visible globular clusters. Ten of these new pulsars are in binary systems, and 3 are eclipsing. This survey has discovered significantly more very fast-spinning pulsars (P_spin
description: 27 pages, 6 tables, 5 figures Submitted to ApJ, includes referee comments
Staggered Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Bailey, Jon A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although taste violations significantly affect the results of staggered calculations of pseudoscalar and heavy-light mesonic quantities, those entering staggered calculations of baryonic quantities have not been quantified. Here I develop staggered chiral perturbation theory in the light-quark baryon sector by mapping the Symanzik action into heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. For 2+1 dynamical quark flavors, the masses of flavor-symmetric nucleons are calculated to third order in partially quenched and fully dynamical staggered chiral perturbation theory. To this order the expansion includes the leading chiral logarithms, which come from loops with virtual decuplet-like states, as well as terms the order of the cubed pion mass, which come from loops with virtual octet-like states. Taste violations enter through the meson propagators in loops and tree-level terms the order of the squared lattice spacing. The pattern of taste symmetry breaking and the resulting degeneracies and mixings are discussed in detail. The resulting chiral forms are appropriate to lattice results obtained with operators already in use and could be used to study the restoration of taste symmetry in the continuum limit. I assume that the fourth root of the fermion determinant can be incorporated in staggered chiral perturbation theory using the replica method.
description: 54 pages; v2: corrected discussion in Sec. III.C, conclusions unchanged
A simple formula for the conserved charges of soliton theories
Creators: name: Ferreira, L. A.
name: Zakrzewski, Wojtek J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple formula for all the conserved charges of soliton theories, evaluated on the solutions belonging to the orbit of the vacuum under the group of dressing transformations. For pedagogical reasons we perform the explicit calculations for the case of the sine-Gordon model, taken as a prototype of soliton theories. We show that the energy and momentum are boundary terms for all the solutions on the orbit of the vacuum. That orbit includes practically all the solutions of physical interest, namely solitons, multi-solitons, breathers, and combinations of solitons and breathers. The example of the mKdV equation is also given explicitly.
description: 26 pages, plain latex, 1 eps figure, In this second version the example of the mKdV equation was added in section 4.1, and a paragraph was added in the introduction. Version to be published in JHEP (Journal of High Energy Physics)
Imaging Magnetic Focusing of Coherent Electron Waves
Creators: name: Aidala, K. E.
name: Parrott, R. E.
name: Kramer, T.
name: Heller, E. J.
name: Westervelt, R. M.
name: Hanson, M. P.
name: Gossard, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic focusing of electrons has proven its utility in fundamental studies of electron transport. Here we report the direct imaging of magnetic focusing of electron waves, specifically in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We see the semicircular trajectories of electrons as they bounce along a boundary in the 2DEG, as well as fringes showing the coherent nature of the electron waves. Imaging flow in open systems is made possible by a cooled scanning probe microscope. Remarkable agreement between experiment and theory demonstrates our ability to see these trajectories and to use this system as an interferometer. We image branched electron flow as well as the interference of electron waves. This technique can visualize the motion of electron waves between two points in an open system, providing a straightforward way to study systems that may be useful for quantum information processing and spintronics.
To observe, or not to observe, quantum-coherent dark matter in the Milky Way, that is a question
Creators: name: Rindler-Daller, Tanja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, Bose-Einstein-condensed dark matter (BEC-DM) has become a popular alternative to standard, collisionless cold dark matter (CDM). This BEC-DM - also called scalar field dark matter (SFDM) - can suppress structure formation and thereby resolve the small-scale crisis of CDM for a range of boson masses. However, these same boson masses also entail implications for BEC-DM substructure within galaxies, especially within our own Milky Way. Observational signature effects of BEC-DM substructure depend upon its unique quantum-mechanical features and have the potential to reveal its presence. Ongoing efforts to determine the dark matter substructure in our Milky Way will continue and expand considerably over the next years. In this contribution, we will discuss some of the existing constraints and potentially new ones with respect to the impact of BEC-DM onto baryonic tracers. Studying dark matter substructure in our Milky Way will soon resolve the question, whether dark matter behaves classical or quantum on scales of $\lesssim 1$ kpc.
description: 23 pages; post-proof version, minor revisions (some more discussion on cosmological bounds and microlensing; substantially expanded list of references); invited article to Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, within the Research Topic "When Planck, Einstein and Vera Rubin meet. Dark Matter: What is it? Where is it?"
Light Quasiparticles Dominate Electronic Transport in Molecular Crystal Field-Effect Transistors
Creators: name: Li, Z. Q.
name: Podzorov, V.
name: Sai, N.
name: Martin, M. C.
name: Gershenson, M. E.
name: Di Ventra, M.
name: Basov, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an infrared spectroscopy study of mobile holes in the accumulation layer of organic field-effect transistors based on rubrene single crystals. Our data indicate that both transport and infrared properties of these transistors at room temperature are governed by light quasiparticles in molecular orbital bands with the effective masses m* comparable to free electron mass. Furthermore, the m* values inferred from our experiments are in agreement with those determined from band structure calculations. These findings reveal no evidence for prominent polaronic effects, which is at variance with the common beliefs of polaron formation in molecular solids.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Molecular spin qudits for quantum simulation of light-matter interactions
Creators: name: Tacchino, Francesco
name: Chiesa, Alessandro
name: Sessoli, Roberta
name: Tavernelli, Ivano
name: Carretta, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that molecular spin qudits provide an ideal platform to simulate the quantum dynamics of photon fields strongly interacting with matter. The basic unit of the proposed molecular quantum simulator can be realized by a simple dimer of a spin 1/2 and a spin $S$ transition metal ion, solely controlled by microwave pulses. The spin $S$ ion is exploited to encode the photon field in a flexible architecture, which enables the digital simulation of a wide range of spin-boson models much more efficiently than by using a multi-qubit register. The effectiveness of our proposal is demonstrated by numerical simulations using realistic molecular parameters, whose prerequisites delineating possible chemical approaches are also discussed.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
On the solution of the static Maxwell system in axially symmetric inhomogeneous media
Creators: name: Khmelnytskaya, Kira V.
name: Kravchenko, Vladislav V.
name: Oviedo, Hector
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 30G20, 35F05, 78A30

description: We consider the static Maxwell system with an axially symmetric dielectric permittivity and construct complete systems of its solutions which can be used for analytic and numerical solution of corresponding boundary value problems.
Artificial out-of-plane Ising antiferromagnet on the kagome lattice with very small further neighbour couplings
Creators: name: Colbois, Jeanne
name: Hofhuis, Kevin
name: Luo, Zhaochu
name: Wang, Xueqiao
name: Hrabec, Aleš
name: Heyderman, Laura J.
name: Mila, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite their simple formulation, short range classical antiferromagnetic Ising models on frustrated lattices give rise to exotic phases of matter, in particular due to their macroscopic ground state degeneracy. Recent experiments on artificial spin systems comprising arrays of chirally coupled nanomagnets provide a significant strengthening of the nearest neighbour couplings compared to systems with dipolar-coupled nanomagnets. This opens the way to design artificial spin systems emulating Ising models with nearest neighbour couplings. In this paper, we compare the results of an extensive investigation with tensor network and Monte Carlo simulations of the nearest- and further-neighbour ($J_1-J_2-J_{3||}$) kagome Ising antiferromagnet with the experimental spin-spin correlations of a kagome lattice of chirally coupled nanomagnets. Even though the ratios between the further neighbour couplings and the nearest neighbour coupling estimated from micromagnetic simulations are much smaller than for dipolar-coupled nanomagnets, we show that they still play an essential role in the selection of the correlations.
description: 27 pages, 33 figures. v3: Corrected two typos: frequency in the demagnetisation protocol, thickness of the unit cell in the micromagnetic simulations
Secant dimensions of low-dimensional homogeneous varieties
Creators: name: Baur, Karin
name: Draisma, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25, 52B99, 20G05

description: We completely describe the higher secant dimensions of all connected homogeneous projective varieties of dimension at most 3, in all possible equivariant embeddings. In particular, we calculate these dimensions for all Segre-Veronese embeddings of P^1 * P^1, P^1 * P^1 * P^1, and P^2 * P^1, as well as for the variety F of incident point-line pairs in P^2. For P^2 * P^1 and F the results are new, while the proofs for the other two varieties are more compact than existing proofs. Our main tool is the second author's tropical approach to secant dimensions.
description: 25 pages, many pictures
On a {K_4,K_{2,2,2}}-ultrahomogeneous graph
Creators: name: Dejter, Italo J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C62

description: The existence of a connected 12-regular $\{K_4,K_{2,2,2}\}$-ultrahomogeneous graph $G$ is established, (i.e. each isomorphism between two copies of $K_4$ or $K_{2,2,2}$ in $G$ extends to an automorphism of $G$), with the 42 ordered lines of the Fano plane taken as vertices. This graph $G$ can be expressed in a unique way both as the edge-disjoint union of 42 induced copies of $K_4$ and as the edge-disjoint union of 21 induced copies of $K_{2,2,2}$, with no more copies of $K_4$ or $K_{2,2,2}$ existing in $G$. Moreover, each edge of $G$ is shared by exactly one copy of $K_4$ and one of $K_{2,2,2}$. While the line graphs of $d$-cubes, ($3\le d\in\ZZ$), are $\{K_d, K_{2,2}\}$-ultrahomogeneous, $G$ is not even line-graphical. In addition, the chordless 6-cycles of $G$ are seen to play an interesting role and some self-dual configurations associated to $G$ with 2-arc-transitive, arc-transitive and semisymmetric Levi graphs are considered.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Symmetry energy extracted from the S$π$RIT pion data in Sn+Sn systems
Creators: name: Yong, Gao-Chan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the improved particular Isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model (impIBUU) including the nucleon-nucleon short-range correlations, the ratios and yields of $π^{-}$ and $π^{+}$ in Sn+Sn systems with different asymmetries at 270 MeV/nucleon are studied. It is found that the yields of $π^{-}$ and $π^{+}$ and their ratios in Sn+Sn systems characterized by different neutron to proton ratios obtained from the very recent S$π$RIT pion data, are quite well described by the model, especially when a soft symmetry energy with $L(ρ_{0})$ = 66.75$\pm$24.75 MeV is used. The calculations also clearly demonstrate that the high-momentum tail of the nucleon initialization in momentum space strongly affects the yields and ratios of pion production in Sn+Sn systems with different asymmetries near or below threshold. In addition, given many insoluble theoretical uncertainties in transport models, multi-system experimental measurements with various N/Z asymmetries are proposed to extract the symmetry energy less model-dependently by using heavy-ion collisions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, PRC in production
Magnetic Impurities, Integrable Vortices and the Toda Equation
Creators: name: Gudnason, Sven Bjarke
name: Ross, Calum
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K10, 81T13, 53Z05, 58Z05

description: The five integrable vortex equations, recently studied by Manton, are generalized to include magnetic impurities of the Tong-Wong type. Under certain conditions these generalizations remain integrable. We further set up a gauge theory with a product gauge group, two complex scalar fields and a general charge matrix. The second species of vortices, when frozen, are interpreted as the magnetic impurity for all five vortex equations. We then give a geometric compatibility condition, which enables us to remove the constant term in all the equations. This is similar to the reduction from the Taubes equation to the Liouville equation. We further find a family of charge matrices that turn the five vortex equations into either the Toda equation or the Toda equation with the opposite sign. We find exact analytic solutions in all cases and the solution with the opposite sign appears to be new.
description: LaTeX: 19 pages, 1 figure; V2: comments added and typos corrected
Note Illustrative della Carta geomorfologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000, F. 353 Montalto di Castro
Creators: name: Fiorenza, Domenico
name: D'Orefice, Maurizio
name: Graciotti, Roberto
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2025

description: Note illustrative redatte per il Foglio geomorfologico n. 353 Montalto di Castro della Carta Geomorfologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000. 218 pp.
Unconventional approaches to combine optical transparency with electrical conductivity
Creators: name: Medvedeva, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combination of electrical conductivity and optical transparency in the same material -- known to be a prerogative of only a few oxides of post-transition metals, such as In, Sn, Zn and Cd -- manifests itself in a distinctive band structure of the transparent conductor host. While the oxides of other elements with $s^2$ electronic configuration, for example, Mg, Ca, Sc and Al, also exhibit the desired optical and electronic features, they have not been considered as candidates for achieving good electrical conductivity because of the challenges of efficient carrier generation in these wide-bandgap materials. Here we demonstrate that alternative approaches to the problem not only allow attaining the transport and optical properties which compete with those in currently utilized transparent conducting oxides (TCO), but also significantly broaden the range of materials with a potential of being developed into novel functional transparent conductors.
description: Accepted for publication
ACR-NCI-NVIDIA Breast density federated learning challenge
Creators: name: Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree
name: Roth, Holger
name: Farahani, Keyvan
name: Coombs, Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: federated learning
breast density
MICCAI
Challenge

description: The correct interpretation of breast density is important in the assessment of breast cancer risk. Furthermore, the identification of dense breasts may stratify patients who may have masked cancers and may benefit from additional imaging. However, due to the differences in imaging characteristics from different mammography systems, it has been shown that models built using data from one system do not generalize to other systems. Distributed learning techniques including federated learning are increasing popular approaches to learn from multi-institutional datasets without the need for data sharing. However, the optimal techniques for distributed learning, especially in the settings of heterogenous data are still an active area of research. This includes the best approaches for model training (e.g. the use of batch vs. group vs. instance norms), model aggregation (FedAvg, FedProx etc) and workflow (e.g. federated averaging vs. cyclical weight transfer vs. split learning). We will use a large dataset of digital mammograms from the Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (DMIST) acquired from 33 institutions. This is a rich dataset with high quality labels consisting of over 100,000 images from over 21,000 patients. The goal of the challenge would be to develop the best, most generalizable models for breast
 density estimation using distributed/federated learning (high performance in aggregate and for individual sites
 relative to centrally hosted data).
Was ist drin? Social media in Bibliotheken
Creators: name: Mehn, Henriette
name: Rossner, Anne-Kathrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: social media
facebook
twitter
instagram
library

description: Der Vortrag stellt die social-media-Arbeit an der Sächsischen Landesbibliothek — Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) vor und geht dabei insbesondere auf die Verknüpfung verschiedener Plattformen untereinander (cross-media) ein.
Exponential Decay of Correlations for Randomly Chosen Hyperbolic Toral Automorphisms
Creators: name: Ayyer, Arvind
name: Stenlund, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37A25, 37H15, 37D20

description: We consider pairs of toral automorphisms (A,B) satisfying an invariant cone property. At each iteration, A acts with probability p and B with probability 1-p. We prove exponential decay of correlations for a class of Holder continuous observables.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Dimensional dependence of naked singularity formation in spherical gravitational collapse
Creators: name: Giambó, Roberto
name: Quintavalle, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complete spectrum of the endstates - naked singularities, or blackholes - of gravitational collapse is analyzed for a wide class of $N$-dimensional spacetimes in spherical symmetry, which includes and generalizes the dust solutions and the case of vanishing radial stresses. The final fate of the collapse is shown to be fully determined by the local behavior of a single scalar function and by the dimension $N$ of the spacetime. In particular, the ``critical'' behavior of the N=4 spacetimes, where a sort of phase transition from black hole to naked singularity can occur, is still present if N=5 but does not occur if $N > 5$, independently from the initial data of the collapse. Physically, the results turn out to be related to the kinematical properties of the considered solutions.
description: 11 pages, to appear with minor modifications on Class. Quantum Grav
Follow-up observations of pulsating subdwarf B stars: Multisite campaigns on PG 1618+563B and PG 0048+091
Creators: name: Reed, M. D.
name: O'Toole, S. J.
name: Terndrup, D. M.
name: Eggen, J. R.
name: Zhou, A. -Y.
name: An, D.
name: Chen, C. -W.
name: Chen, W. P.
name: Lin, H. -C.
name: Akan, C.
name: Cakirli, O.
name: Worters, H.
name: Kilkenny, D.
name: Siwak, M.
name: Zola, S.
name: Kim, Seung-Lee
name: Gelven, G. A.
name: Harms, S. L.
name: Wolf, G. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present follow-up observations of pulsating subdwarf B (sdB) stars as part of our efforts to resolve the pulsation spectra for use in asteroseismological analyses. This paper reports on multisite campaigns of the pulsating sdB stars PG 1618+563B and PG 0048+091. Data were obtained from observatories placed around the globe for coverage from all longitudes. For PG 1618+563B, our five-site campaign uncovered a dichotomy of pulsation states: Early during the campaign the amplitudes and phases (and perhaps frequencies) were quite variable while data obtained late in the campaign were able to fully resolve five stable pulsation frequencies. For PG 0048+091, our five-site campaign uncovered a plethora of frequencies with short pulsation lifetimes. We find them to have observed properties consistent with stochastically excited oscillations, an unexpected result for subdwarf B stars. We discuss our findings and their impact on subdwarf B asteroseismology.
description: 50 pages including 17 figures and 10 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Connecting microscopic simulations with kinetically constrained models of glasses
Creators: name: Downton, Matthew T.
name: Kennett, Malcolm P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinetically constrained spin models are known to exhibit dynamical behavior mimicking that of glass forming systems. They are often understood as coarse-grained models of glass formers, in terms of some "mobility" field. The identity of this "mobility" field has remained elusive due to the lack of coarse-graining procedures to obtain these models from a more microscopic point of view. Here we exhibit a scheme to map the dynamics of a two-dimensional soft disc glass former onto a kinetically constrained spin model, providing an attempt at bridging these two approaches.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, revised version
title: ACUTE TOXICITY ASSESSMENT A NEW PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE
Creators: name: Tsibizova, Aleksandra A.
name: Yasenyavskaya, Anna L.
name: Ozerov, Aleksandr A.
name: Samotrueva, Marina A.
name: Tyurenkov, Ivan N.
Publisher: name: Astrakhan State Medical University
Year: 2021

description: This study is devoted to the assessment of the acute toxicity of the pyrimidine compound 3-(2-Benzyloxy-2-oxoethyl)quinazoline-4(3H) - one (VMA-13-03) in order to determine the possibility of further study of its pharmacologi-cal activity. The study was conducted on non-linear male rats of 3 months of age. The animals were divided into groups: the control group – animals that received an equiobject of distilled water; the experimental groups-animals that received an intragastric substance in doses of 500; 1000; 2000; 4000 mg/kg. Possible manifestations of acute toxicity were determined within 14 days after administration of the compound, assessing the general condition, body weight, condition of the hair and skin, and mucous membranes, and hematological and biochemical blood tests were performed. The assessment of the acute toxicity of the new pyrimidine derivative showed that this compound can be classified as class 4 toxicity or low toxic substances. However, due to the fact that when this compound was administered at a dose of 4000 mg/kg, changes in bio-chemical parameters were observed, indicating the possible development of pathological changes in the hepatobiliary sys-tem, it is necessary to study the chronic toxicity of the pyrimidine derivative under study.
Key words: pyrimidine derivatives, acute toxicity, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters.
How a Vicinal Layer of Solvent Modulates the Dynamics of Proteins
Creators: name: Atilgan, C.
name: Aykut, A. O.
name: Atilgan, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of a folded protein is studied in water and glycerol at a series of temperatures below and above their respective dynamical transition. The system is modeled in two distinct states whereby the protein is decoupled from the bulk solvent at low temperatures, and communicates with it through a vicinal layer at physiological temperatures. A linear viscoelastic model elucidates the less-than-expected increase in the relaxation times observed in the backbone dynamics of the protein. The model further explains the increase in the flexibility of the protein once the transition takes place and the differences in the flexibility under the different solvent environments. Coupling between the vicinal layer and the protein fluctuations is necessary to interpret these observations. The vicinal layer is postulated to form once a threshold for the volumetric fluctuations in the protein to accommodate solvents of different sizes is reached. Compensation of entropic-energetic contributions from the protein-coupled vicinal layer quantifies the scaling of the dynamical transition temperatures in various solvents. The protein adapts different conformational routes for organizing the required coupling to a specific solvent, which is achieved by adjusting the amount of conformational jumps in the surface-group dihedrals.
Self-dual Gravitational Instantons in Conformal Gravity: Conserved Charges and Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Corral, Cristóbal
name: Giribet, Gastón
name: Olea, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study non-Einstein Bach-flat gravitational instanton solutions that can be regarded as the generalization of the Taub-NUT/Bolt and Eguchi-Hanson solutions of Einstein gravity to conformal gravity. These solutions include non-Einstein spaces which are either asymptotically locally flat spacetimes (ALF) or asymptotically locally Anti-de Sitter (AlAdS). Nevertheless, solutions with different asymptotic conditions exist: we find geometries that present a weakened AlAdS asymptotia, exhibiting the typical low decaying mode of conformal gravity. This permits to identify the simple Neumann boundary condition that, as it happens in the asymptotically AdS sector, selects the Einstein solution out of the solutions of conformal gravity. All the geometries present non-vanishing Hirzebruch signature and Euler characteristic, being single-centered instantons. We compute the topological charges as well as the Noether charges of the Taub-NUT/Bolt and Eguchi-Hanson spacetimes, which happen to be finite. This enables us to study the thermodynamic properties of these geometries.
description: v1: 21 pages, revtex4-1; v2: Comments and references added. Typos fixed. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
A simple, powerful diode laser system for atomic physics
Creators: name: Daffurn, Andrew
name: Offer, Rachel F.
name: Arnold, Aidan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: External-cavity diode lasers are ubiquitous in atomic physics and a wide variety of other scientific disciplines, due to their excellent affordability, coherence length and versatility. However, for higher power applications, the combination of seed lasers, injection-locking and amplifiers can rapidly become expensive and complex. Here we present a useful, high-power, single-diode laser design with specifications: $>210\,$mW, $100\,$ms-linewidth ($427 \pm 7$) kHz, $>99\%$ mode purity, $10\,$GHz mode-hop-free tuning range and $12\,$nm coarse tuning. Simple methods are outlined to determine the spectral purity and linewidth with minimal additional infrastructure. The laser has sufficient power to collect $10^{10}$ $^{87}$Rb atoms in a single-chamber vapour-loaded magneto-optical trap. With appropriate diodes and feedback, the system could be easily adapted to other atomic species and laser formats.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Επίδραση μικρής και μεγάλης δόσης ροσουβαστατίνης στην 24ωρη διακύμανση της αρτηριακής σκληρίας και της κεντρικής αορτικής πίεσης σε ασθενείς με αρτηριακή υπέρταση και δυσλιπιδαιμία
Creators: name: Μήτσιου, Ευδοξία Κ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2017
Subjects: Αρτηριακή σκληρία
Ταχύτητα διάδοσης σφυγμικού κύματος
Κεντρική πίεση
Ροσουβαστατίνη
Arterial stiffness
Pulse wave velocity
Central pressure
Rosuvastatin

description: Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η αξιολόγηση της επίδρασης της ροσουβαστατίνης μικρής δόσης έναντι υψηλής δόσης στην αορτική ελαστικότητα και τις κεντρικές αιμοδυναμικές παραμέτρους σε ασθενείς με βέλτιστα ρυθμιζόμενη αρτηριακή υπέρταση. Για το σκοπό αυτό χρησιμοποιήσαμε σαράντα ασθενείς με βέλτιστα ελεγχόμενη αρτηριακή υπέρταση, οι οποίοι τυχαιοποιήθηκαν σε δυο δόσεις ροσουβαστατίνης και παρακολουθήθηκαν για έξι μήνες. Η 24ωρη αρτηριακή σκληρία αξιολογήθηκε με τη συσκευή Mobil-O-Graph, η οποία υπολογίζει την προσαρμοσμένη ταχύτητα σφυγμικού κύματος για την ηλικία και το φύλο, την προσαρμοσμένη για την καρδιακή συχνότητα ταχύτητα σφυγμικού κύματος, το δείκτη ενίσχυσης κύματος προσαρμοσμένο στις 75 σφίξεις και τις κεντρικές (αορτικές) αιμοδυναμικές παραμέτρους. Και οι δύο δόσεις ροσουβαστατίνης (προσαρμοσμένες για την ηλικία, το φύλο και την καρδιακή συχνότητα) μείωσαν τις υπό μέτρηση παραμέτρους στατιστικώς σημαντικά και σε φυσιολογικά επίπεδα.
description: We assessed the effect of low dose vs high dose of rosuvastatin on aortic elasticity and central haemodynamics in patients with arterial hypertension. Forty patients with optimally controlled AH were randomised to two different doses of rosuvastatin and were followed for six months. 24-hour arterial stiffness was assessed by Mobil-O-Graph, which calculates adjusted for age and gender pulse wave velocity, adjusted for heart rate augmentation index and central haemodynamics. Both doses of rosuvastatin (adjusted for age, gender and HR) reduced central pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity and adjusted for heart rate augmentation index to normal values.
Enhancing Deep Neural Network Saliency Visualizations with Gradual Extrapolation
Creators: name: Szandala, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, an enhancement technique for the class activation mapping methods such as gradient-weighted class activation maps or excitation backpropagation is proposed to present the visual explanations of decisions from convolutional neural network-based models. The proposed idea, called Gradual Extrapolation, can supplement any method that generates a heatmap picture by sharpening the output. Instead of producing a coarse localization map that highlights the important predictive regions in the image, the proposed method outputs the specific shape that most contributes to the model output. Thus, the proposed method improves the accuracy of saliency maps. The effect has been achieved by the gradual propagation of the crude map obtained in the deep layer through all preceding layers with respect to their activations. In validation tests conducted on a selected set of images, the faithfulness, interpretability, and applicability of the method are evaluated. The proposed technique significantly improves the localization detection of the neural networks attention at low additional computational costs. Furthermore, the proposed method is applicable to a variety deep neural network models. The code for the method can be found at https://github.com/szandala/gradual-extrapolation
description: Published in IEEE Access: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9468713