cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Digital-analog quantum simulation of fermionic models
Creators: name: Céleri, Lucas C.
name: Huerga, Daniel
name: Albarrán-Arriagada, Francisco
name: Solano, Enrique
name: de Andoin, Mikel Garcia
name: Sanz, Mikel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating quantum many-body systems is a highly demanding task since the required resources grow exponentially with the dimension of the system. In the case of fermionic systems, this is even harder since nonlocal interactions emerge due to the antisymmetric character of the fermionic wave function. Here, we introduce a digital-analog quantum algorithm to simulate a wide class of fermionic Hamiltonians including the paradigmatic one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model. These digital-analog methods allow quantum algorithms to run beyond digital versions via an efficient use of coherence time. Furthermore, we exemplify our techniques with a low-connected architecture for realistic digital-analog implementations of specific fermionic models.
Decay of Superconducting Correlations for Gauged Electrons in Dimensions $D\le 4$
Creators: name: Tada, Yasuhiro
name: Koma, Tohru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study lattice superconductors coupled to gauge fields, such as an attractive Hubbard model in electromagnetic fields, with a standard gauge fixing. We prove upper bounds for a two-point Cooper pair correlation at finite temperatures in spatial dimensions $D\le 4$. The upper bounds decay exponentially in three dimensions, and by power law in four dimensions. These imply absence of the superconducting long-range order for the Cooper pair amplitude as a consequence of fluctuations of the gauge fields. Since our results hold for the gauge fixing Hamiltonian, they cannot be obtained as a corollary of Elitzur's theorem.
description: 20 pages, no figure, v3: minor corrections
title: Vibrations caused by pile driving
Creators: name: Ferahian, R. H.
Publisher: name: National Research Council of Canada. Division Of Building Research
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Vibrations
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0810
subject: Vibrations
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0810

description: This annotated bibliography gives information concerning the magnitude of vibrations and/or settlement in the soil or buildings caused by pile driving.
description: Cette bibliographie analytique fournit de l'information au sujet de l'amplitude des vibrations et/ou du tassement du sol ou des bâtiments que cause l'enfoncement des pieux.
DSC #3: The Truth About Digital Humanities Collaborations (and Textual Variants!)
Creators: name: Cecire, Maria Sachiko
name: Dombrowski, Quinn
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Digital humanities
subject: Authorship--Collaboration
subject: Variants
subject: Text data mining

description: In DSC #3: The Truth About Digital Humanities Collaborations (and Textual Variants!), Maria Sachiko Cecire narrates the experience of being the less-technical subject expert on a digital humanities project, and what it feels like to have to intervene when your collaborators get excited about something that isn't actually noteworthy in your discipline. Quinn describes some tool options for finding textual variants.
Guaranteed recovery of quantum processes from few measurements
Creators: name: Kliesch, Martin
name: Kueng, Richard
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Gross, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum process tomography is the task of reconstructing unknown quantum channels from measured data. In this work, we introduce compressed sensing-based methods that facilitate the reconstruction of quantum channels of low Kraus rank. Our main contribution is the analysis of a natural measurement model for this task: We assume that data is obtained by sending pure states into the channel and measuring expectation values on the output. Neither ancillary systems nor coherent operations across multiple channel uses are required. Most previous results on compressed process reconstruction reduce the problem to quantum state tomography on the channel's Choi matrix. While this ansatz yields recovery guarantees from an essentially minimal number of measurements, physical implementations of such schemes would typically involve ancillary systems. A priori, it is unclear whether a measurement model tailored directly to quantum process tomography might require more measurements. We establish that this is not the case. Technically, we prove recovery guarantees for three different reconstruction algorithms. The reconstructions are based on a trace, diamond, and $\ell_2$-norm minimization, respectively. Our recovery guarantees are uniform in the sense that with one random choice of measurement settings all quantum channels can be recovered equally well. Moreover, stability against arbitrary measurement noise and robustness against violations of the low-rank assumption is guaranteed. Numerical studies demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
description: 45+11 pages, several figures and plots. v2: Improved version, section on approximate designs added. v3: Small changes and incomplete funding information corrected. v4: Robustness property clarified; published version
Growth and dissolution of spherical density enhancements in SCDEW cosmologies
Creators: name: Bonometto, Silvio A.
name: Mainini, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly Coupled Dark Energy plus Warm dark matter (SCDEW) cosmologies are based on the finding of a conformally invariant (CI) attractor solution during the early radiative expansion, requiring then the stationary presence of $\sim 1\, \%$ of coupled-DM and DE, since inflationary reheating. In these models, coupled-DM fluctuations, even in the early radiative expansion, grow up to non-linearity, as shown in a previous associated paper. Such early non-linear stages are modelized here through the evolution of a top-hat density enhancement. As expected, its radius $R$ increases up to a maximum and then starts to decrease. Virial balance is reached when the coupled-DM density contrast is just 25-26 and DM density enhancement is $\cal O$$(10\, \%)$ of total density. Moreover, we find that this is not an equilibrium configuration as, afterwards, coupling causes DM particle velocities to increase, so that the fluctuation gradually dissolves. We estimate the duration of the whole process, from horizon crossing to dissolution, and find $z_{horizon}/z_{erasing} \sim 3 \times 10^4$. Therefore, only fluctuations entering the horizon at $z \lesssim 10^9$-$10^{10}$ are able to accrete WDM with mass $\sim 100\, $eV -as soon as it becomes non-relativistic- so avoiding full disruption. Accordingly, SCDEW cosmologies, whose WDM has mass $\sim 100\, $eV, can preserve primeval fluctuations down to stellar mass scale.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, updated to match the published version
Analysis of Twitter Users' Lifestyle Choices using Joint Embedding Model
Creators: name: Islam, Tunazzina
name: Goldwasser, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multiview representation learning of data can help construct coherent and contextualized users' representations on social media. This paper suggests a joint embedding model, incorporating users' social and textual information to learn contextualized user representations used for understanding their lifestyle choices. We apply our model to tweets related to two lifestyle activities, `Yoga' and `Keto diet' and use it to analyze users' activity type and motivation. We explain the data collection and annotation process in detail and provide an in-depth analysis of users from different classes based on their Twitter content. Our experiments show that our model results in performance improvements in both domains.
description: accepted at 15th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM-2021), 12 pages. Minor changes for camera-ready version
DSC #20: Xanda Rescues the Topic Model Disaster
Creators: name: Dombrowski, Quinn
name: Schofield, Xanda
name: Anand, Sathvika
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Digital humanities
subject: Text data mining
subject: Topic modeling

description: In DSC #20: Xanda Rescues the Topic Model Disaster, Quinn Dombrowski works with Xanda Schofield and Sathvika Anand on topic modeling the Baby-Sitters Club corpus, and Xanda dispels some common misperceptions about topic modeling.
Light-element and purely charge-based topological materials
Creators: name: Derriche, Nassim
name: Franz, Marcel
name: Sawatzky, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine a class of Hamiltonians characterized by interatomic, interorbital even-odd parity hybridization as a model for a family of topological insulators without the need for spin-orbit coupling. Non-trivial properties of these materials are exemplified by studying the topologically-protected edge states of s-p hybridized alkali and alkaline earth atoms in one and two-dimensional lattices. In 1D the topological features are analogous to the canonical Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model but, remarkably, occur in the absence of dimerization. Alkaline earth chains, with Be standing out due to its gap size and near particle-hole symmetry, are of particular experimental interest since their Fermi energy without doping lies directly at the level of topological edge stats. Similar physics is demonstrated to occur in a 2D honeycomb lattice system of s-p bonded atoms, where dispersive edge states emerge. Lighter elements are predicted using this model to host topological states in contrast to spin-orbit coupling-induced band inversion favoring heaving atoms.
description: Corresponds to the accepted version of the now-published manuscript, which contains additional clarifying text, a few additional references and a new Supplementary Material section (added at the end)
Topological networks for quantum communication between distant qubits
Creators: name: Lang, Nicolai
name: Büchler, Hans Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient communication between qubits relies on robust networks which allow for fast and coherent transfer of quantum information. It seems natural to harvest the remarkable properties of systems characterized by topological invariants to perform this task. Here we show that a linear network of coupled bosonic degrees of freedom, characterized by topological bands, can be employed for the efficient exchange of quantum information over large distances. Important features of our setup are that it is robust against quenched disorder, all relevant operations can be performed by global variations of parameters, and the time required for communication between distant qubits approaches linear scaling with their distance. We demonstrate that our concept can be extended to an ensemble of qubits embedded in a two-dimensional network to allow for communication between all of them.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures; supplement: 27 pages, 9 figures; updated to published version
Direct-collapse supermassive black holes from relic particle decay
Creators: name: Lu, Yifan
name: Picker, Zachary S. C.
name: Kusenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of high-redshift supermassive black holes (SMBHs) via the direct collapse of baryonic clouds, where the unwanted formation of molecular hydrogen is successfully suppressed by a Lyman-Werner (LW) photon background from relic particle decay. We improve on existing studies by dynamically simulating the collapse, accounting for the adiabatic contraction of the DM halo, as well as the in-situ production of the LW photons within the cloud which reduce the impact of the cloud's shielding. We find a viable parameter space where the decay of either some of the dark matter or all of a subdominant decaying species successfully allows direct collapse of the cloud to a SMBH.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
A characterization of normal 3-pseudomanifolds with at most two singularities
Creators: name: Basak, Biplab
name: Gupta, Raju Kumar
name: Sarkar, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 05E45, Secondary 52B05, 57Q05, 57Q25, 57Q15

description: Characterizing face-number-related invariants of a given class of simplicial complexes has been a central topic in combinatorial topology. In this regard, one of the well-known invariants is $g_2$. Let $K$ be a normal $3$-pseudomanifold such that $g_2(K) \leq g_2(lk (v)) + 9$ for some vertex $v$ in $K$. Suppose either $K$ has only one singularity or $K$ has two singularities (at least) one of which is an $\mathbb{RP}^2$-singularity. We prove that $K$ is obtained from some boundary complexes of $4$-simplices by a sequence of operations of types connected sums, bistellar $1$-moves, edge contractions, edge expansions, vertex foldings, and edge foldings. In case $K$ has one singularity, $|K|$ is a handlebody with its boundary coned off. Further, we prove that the above upper bound is sharp for such normal $3$-pseudomanifolds.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure. To appear in Discrete Mathematics
Strongly Coupled Dark Energy with Warm dark matter vs. LCDM
Creators: name: Bonometto, Silvio A.
name: Mezzetti, Marino
name: Mainini, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmologies including strongly Coupled (SC) Dark Energy (DE) and Warm dark matter (SCDEW) are based on a conformally invariant (CI) attractor solution modifying the early radiative expansion. Then, aside of radiation, a kinetic field $Φ$ and a DM component account for a stationary fraction, $\sim 1\, \%$, of the total energy. Most SCDEW predictions are hardly distinguishable from LCDM, while SCDEW alleviates quite a few LCDM conceptual problems, as well as its difficulties to meet data below the average galaxy scale. The CI expansion begins at the inflation end, when $Φ$ (future DE) possibly plays a role in reheating, and ends at the Higgs' scale. Afterwards, a number of viable options is open, allowing for the transition from the CI expansion to the present Universe. In this paper: (i) We show how the attractor is recovered when the spin degrees of freedom decreases. (ii) We perform a detailed comparison of CMB anisotropy and polarization spectra for SCDEW and LCDM, including tensor components, finding negligible discrepancies. (iii) Linear spectra exhibit a greater parameter dependence at large $k$'s, but are still consistent with data for suitable parameter choices. (iv) We also compare previous simulation results with fresh data on galaxy concentration. Finally, (v) we outline numerical difficulties at high $k$. This motivates a second related paper, where such problems are treated in a quantitative way.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in JCAP. Updated to match the published version
On the cosmological abundance of magnetic monopoles
Creators: name: Zhang, Chen
name: Zhang, Shi-Hao
name: Fu, Bowen
name: Zhang, Jing-Fei
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that Debye shielding cannot be employed to constrain the cosmological abundance of magnetic monopoles, contrary to what is stated in the previous literature. Current model-independent bounds on the monopole abundance are then revisited for unit Dirac magnetic charge. We find that the Andromeda Parker bound can be employed to set an upper limit on the monopole flux at the level of $F_M\lesssim 5.3\times 10^{-19}\,\text{cm}^{-2}\text{s}^{-1}\text{sr}^{-1}$ for a monopole mass $10^{13}\,\text{GeV}/c^2\lesssim m\lesssim 10^{16}\,\text{GeV}/c^2$, which is more stringent than the MACRO direct search limit by two orders of magnitude. This translates into stringent constraints on the monopole density parameter $Ω_M$ at the level of $10^{-7}-10^{-4}$ depending on the mass. For larger monopole masses the scenarios in which magnetic monopoles account for all or the majority of dark matter are disfavored.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures. Explanations added regarding the fluid approximation. Matching the journal version
Feature Control as Intrinsic Motivation for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Dilokthanakul, Nat
name: Kaplanis, Christos
name: Pawlowski, Nick
name: Shanahan, Murray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of sparse rewards is one of the hardest challenges in contemporary reinforcement learning. Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) tackles this problem by using a set of temporally-extended actions, or options, each of which has its own subgoal. These subgoals are normally handcrafted for specific tasks. Here, though, we introduce a generic class of subgoals with broad applicability in the visual domain. Underlying our approach (in common with work using "auxiliary tasks") is the hypothesis that the ability to control aspects of the environment is an inherently useful skill to have. We incorporate such subgoals in an end-to-end hierarchical reinforcement learning system and test two variants of our algorithm on a number of games from the Atari suite. We highlight the advantage of our approach in one of the hardest games -- Montezuma's revenge -- for which the ability to handle sparse rewards is key. Our agent learns several times faster than the current state-of-the-art HRL agent in this game, reaching a similar level of performance. UPDATE 22/11/17: We found that a standard A3C agent with a simple shaped reward, i.e. extrinsic reward + feature control intrinsic reward, has comparable performance to our agent in Montezuma Revenge. In light of the new experiments performed, the advantage of our HRL approach can be attributed more to its ability to learn useful features from intrinsic rewards rather than its ability to explore and reuse abstracted skills with hierarchical components. This has led us to a new conclusion about the result.
Promises on the go: A field study on keeping one's word
Creators: name: Kanngiesser, Patricia
name: Serko, Daniil
name: Woike, Jan K.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: promises
subject: commitments
subject: cheating
subject: honesty
subject: behavioral ethics
subject: behavioral change
subject: decision making
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke

description: Promises are voluntary commitments to perform a future action and are often thought to be powerful levers for behavioral change. Here we studied the effectiveness of promises in two preregistered, incentivized field experiments with German students (N = 406) on the premises of a cafeteria. In Experiment 1, the majority of participants (63%) kept their promise to pay back at least half of a € 4-endowment, even though there was no foreseeable cost of breaking the promise, reputational or otherwise. Significantly fewer participants (22%) paid back money in a control group that faced a simple decision to return money or not. In Experiment 2, the majority of participants (54%) kept their promise to add a provided stamp to a postcard and mail it back (anonymously) within a week. We found similar return rates (52%) for a second group for which the word “promise” was omitted from the commitment. Our findings show that participants kept their word outside the laboratory while pursuing everyday activities even when there were no foreseeable negative consequences for breaking them, demonstrating that promises are effective levers for behavioral change.
DSC #5: The DSC and the Impossible TEI Quandaries
Creators: name: Dombrowski, Quinn
name: Beshero-Bondar, Elisa
name: Risam, Roopika
name: Skallerup Bessette, Lee
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Digital humanities
subject: Text data mining
subject: Graphic novel adaptations
subject: Text Encoding Initiative
subject: XML (Document markup language)

description: In DSC #5: The DSC and the Impossible TEI Quandaries, the Data-Sitters explain XML in general, TEI markup in particular, and try to mark up the Baby-Sitters Club graphic novels. They consult with Elisa Beshero-Bondar about what the point of TEI is anyways.
Directional Invariants of Doubly Periodic Tangles
Creators: name: Diamantis, Ioannis
name: Lambropoulou, Sofia
name: Mahmoudi, Sonia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K10, 57K12, 57K35, 57K99, 57M10, 57M50

description: In this paper we define novel topological invariants of doubly periodic tangles (DP tangles). DP tangles are embeddings of curves in the thickened plane with translational symmetries in two independent directions. We first organize the components of a DP tangle into different interlinked compounds, which are invariants of a DP tangle. The notion of interlinked compound leads to the classification of DP tangles according to their directional type. We then prove that the directional type is an invariant of DP tangles using the concept of axis-motif, which can be viewed as the blueprint of a DP tangle.
At the origins of the chess game in Armavir (based on materials from periodicals)
Creators: name: Smetana, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 430201
subject: Archival, repository and related studies

description: This work tells about the initial period of the history of the chess movement in Armavir. The materials of the local daily newspaper “Otkliki Kavkaza” are presented as the main source of information. It is concluded that in the Kuban Armavir were pioneers in the field of creating an association of chess lovers. The authors pay special attention to the addresses in the modern city associated with the early history of the chess game.
Robust Sample Weighting to Facilitate Individualized Treatment Rule Learning for a Target Population
Creators: name: Chen, Rui
name: Huling, Jared D.
name: Chen, Guanhua
name: Yu, Menggang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning individualized treatment rules (ITRs) is an important topic in precision medicine. Current literature mainly focuses on deriving ITRs from a single source population. We consider the observational data setting when the source population differs from a target population of interest. Compared with causal generalization for the average treatment effect which is a scalar quantity, ITR generalization poses new challenges due to the need to model and generalize the rules based on a prespecified class of functions which may not contain the unrestricted true optimal ITR. The aim of this paper is to develop a weighting framework to mitigate the impact of such misspecification and thus facilitate the generalizability of optimal ITRs from a source population to a target population. Our method seeks covariate balance over a non-parametric function class characterized by a reproducing kernel Hilbert space and can improve many ITR learning methods that rely on weights. We show that the proposed method encompasses importance weights and overlap weights as two extreme cases, allowing for a better bias-variance trade-off in between. Numerical examples demonstrate that the use of our weighting method can greatly improve ITR estimation for the target population compared with other weighting methods.
description: Biometrika, in press
Riemann-Hilbert analysis for a Nikishin system
Creators: name: Lagomasino, Guillermo López
name: Van Assche, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42A21, 42C05

description: In this paper we give the asymptotic behavior of type I multiple orthogonal polynomials for a Nikishin system of order two with two disjoint intervals. We use the Riemann-Hilbert problem for multiple orthogonal polynomials and the steepest descent analysis for oscillatory Riemann-Hilbert problems to obtain the asymptotic behavior in all relevant regions of the complex plane.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures
MPEC 2023-E77 : 2023 EX
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 EX

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Inertial range of magnetorotational turbulence
Creators: name: Kawazura, Yohei
name: Kimura, Shigeo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion disks around compact stars are formed due to turbulence driven by magnetorotational instability. Despite over thirty years of numerous computational studies on magnetorotational turbulence, the properties of fluctuations in the inertial range -- where cross-scale energy transfer dominates over energy injection -- have remained elusive, primarily due to insufficient numerical resolution. Here, we report the highest-resolution simulation of magnetorotational turbulence ever conducted. Our simulations reveal a constant cross-scale energy flux, a hallmark of the inertial range. We found that as the cascade proceeds to smaller scales in the inertial range, the kinetic and magnetic energies tend toward equipartitioning with the same spectral slope, and slow-magnetosonic fluctuations dominate over Alfvénic fluctuations, possessing twice the energy. These findings align remarkably with the theoretical expectations from the reduced magnetohydrodynamic model, which assumes a near-azimuthal mean magnetic field. Our results provide important implications for interpreting the radio observations by the Event Horizon Telescope.
With a little help from my friends? Acculturation and mental health in Arabic-speaking refugee youth living with their families
Creators: name: Meyer, Caroline
name: Alhaddad, Lina
name: Stammel, Nadine
name: Sixtus, Frederick
name: Wesche, Jenny Sarah
name: Kerschreiter, Rudolf
name: Kanngiesser, Patricia
name: Knaevelsrud, Christine
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: depression
subject: posttraumatic stress
subject: PTSD
subject: adolescents
subject: minors
subject: Syria
subject: social support
subject: language
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Introduction: Refugee youth are often faced with the compounding challenges of heightened exposure to traumatic events and acculturating to a new country during a developmental period when their sense of self is still forming. This study investigated whether refugee youth’s acculturation orientation (separation, integration, marginalization, and assimilation) is associated with depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms and aimed to identify additional indicators of acculturation that may contribute to mental health. Methods: A total of 101 Arabic-speaking refugee youths (aged 14–20 years), who were living with their families and attending school in Germany, took part in the study. They answered questions concerning traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms, depressive symptoms, and several indicators of acculturation, including cultural orientation, positive and negative intra- and intergroup contact, language skills and friendship networks. All participants were categorized into one of four acculturation orientations using median splits. Results: Kruskal–Wallis rank sum tests revealed that acculturation orientation was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms [χ2 (3, 97) = 0.519, p = 0.915] or posttraumatic stress symptoms [χ2 (3, 97) = 0.263, p = 0.967]. Regression analysis revealed that German language skills were significantly associated with lower scores of depressive symptoms (p = 0.016) and number of friends in Germany was significantly associated with lower scores of depressive (p = 0.006) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (p = 0.002), respectively. Discussion: Policies that provide refugee youth with access to language classes and social activities with peers do not only enable them to actively participate in a new society but may also have a positive effect on their mental health.
$SL(2)\times\mathbb{R}^+$ Exceptional Field Theory: An Action for F-Theory
Creators: name: Rudolph, Felix J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exceptional Field Theory employs an extended spacetime to make supergravity fully covariant under the U-duality groups of M-theory. The 12-dimensional EFT associated to the group $SL(2)\times\mathbb{R}^+$ together with its action is presented. Demanding the closure of the algebra of local symmetries leads to a constraint, known as the section condition, that must be imposed on all fields. This constraint has two inequivalent solutions, one giving rise to 11-dimensional supergravity and the other leading to Type IIB supergravity and F-theory. Thus $SL(2)\times\mathbb{R}^+$ Exceptional Field Theory contains both F-theory and M-theory in a single 12-dimensional formalism.
description: Proceedings prepared for the "Workshop on Geometry and Physics", November 2016, Ringberg Castle, Germany, v.2: references added, published in PoS CORFU2016 (2017)
Search for gamma rays from SNe with a variable-size sliding-time-window analysis of the Fermi-LAT data
Creators: name: Prokhorov, Dmitry
name: Moraghan, Anthony
name: Vink, Jacco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic search for gamma-ray emission from supernovae (SNe) in the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) Pass 8 data. The sample of targets consists of 55,880 candidates from the Open Supernova Catalog. We searched for gamma rays from SNe by means of a variable-size sliding-time-window analysis. Our results confirm the presence of transient gamma-ray emission from the sources of non-AGN classes, including transitional pulsars, solar flares, gamma-ray bursts, novae, and the Crab Nebula, which are projected near some of these SN's positions, and also strengthen support to the variable signal in the direction of SN iPTF14hls. The analysis is successful in finding both short (e.g. solar flares) and long (e.g. transitional pulsars) high flux states. Our search reveals two new gamma-ray transient signals occurred in 2019 in the directions of optical transients that are SN candidates, AT2019bvr and AT2018iwp, with their flux increases within 6 months after the dates of SN's discoveries. These signals are bright and their variability is at a higher statistical level than that of iPTF14hls. An exploration of archival multi-wavelength observations towards their positions is necessary to establish their association with SNe or other classes of sources. Our analysis, in addition, shows a bright transient gamma-ray signal at low Galactic latitudes in the direction of PSR J0205+6449. In addition, we report the results of an all-sky search for gamma-ray transient sources. This provided two additional candidates to gamma-ray transient sources.
description: Published in MNRAS. Updated to address typos
DSC #7: The DSC and Mean Copyright Law
Creators: name: Dombrowski, Quinn
name: Sag, Matthew
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Digital humanities
subject: Text data mining
subject: Fair use (Copyright)

description: In DSC #7: The DSC and Mean Copyright Law, Quinn Dombrowski talks with law professor Matthew Sag about fair use, and what that means for how digital humanities scholars can -- and can't -- use in-copyright texts.
Balancing WNT signalling in early forebrain development: The role of LRP4 as a modulator of LRP6 function
Creators: name: Geng, Shuang
name: Paul, Fabian
name: Kowalczyk, Izabela
name: Raimundo, Sandra
name: Sporbert, Anje
name: Mamo, Tamrat Meshka
name: Hammes, Annette
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: LRP4
subject: forebrain
subject: development
subject: WNT pathway
subject: genetic modifier
subject: LRP6
subject: neuronal progenitor
subject: neuroepithelium
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: The specification of the forebrain relies on the precise regulation of WNT/ß-catenin signalling to support neuronal progenitor cell expansion, patterning, and morphogenesis. Imbalances in WNT signalling activity in the early neuroepithelium lead to congenital disorders, such as neural tube defects (NTDs). LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) family members, including the well-studied receptors LRP5 and LRP6, play critical roles in modulating WNT signalling capacity through tightly regulated interactions with their co-receptor Frizzled, WNT ligands, inhibitors and intracellular WNT pathway components. However, little is known about the function of LRP4 as a potential modulator of WNT signalling in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the role of LRP4 in the regulation of WNT signalling during early mouse forebrain development. Our results demonstrate that LRP4 can modulate LRP5- and LRP6-mediated WNT signalling in the developing forebrain prior to the onset of neurogenesis at embryonic stage 9.5 and is therefore essential for accurate neural tube morphogenesis. Specifically, LRP4 functions as a genetic modifier for impaired mitotic activity and forebrain hypoplasia, but not for NTDs in LRP6-deficient mutants. In vivo and in vitro data provide evidence that LRP4 is a key player in fine-tuning WNT signalling capacity and mitotic activity of mouse neuronal progenitors and of human retinal pigment epithelial (hTERT RPE-1) cells. Our data demonstrate the crucial roles of LRP4 and LRP6 in regulating WNT signalling and forebrain development and highlight the need to consider the interaction between different signalling pathways to understand the underlying mechanisms of disease. The findings have significant implications for our mechanistic understanding of how LRPs participate in controlling WNT signalling.
A non-linear theory of infrahyperfunctions
Creators: name: Debrouwere, Andreas
name: Vernaeve, Hans
name: Vindas, Jasson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46F15, 46F30

description: We develop a nonlinear theory for infrahyperfunctions (also referred to as quasianalytic (ultra)distributions by L. Hörmander). In the hyperfunction case our work can be summarized as follows. We construct a differential algebra that contains the space of hyperfunctions as a linear differential subspace and in which the multiplication of real analytic functions coincides with their ordinary product. Moreover, by proving an analogue of Schwartz's impossibility result for hyperfunctions, we show that this embedding is optimal. Our results fully solve an earlier question raised by M. Oberguggenberger.
description: 24 pages
A Guide to Feature Importance Methods for Scientific Inference
Creators: name: Ewald, Fiona Katharina
name: Bothmann, Ludwig
name: Wright, Marvin N.
name: Bischl, Bernd
name: Casalicchio, Giuseppe
name: König, Gunnar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: While machine learning (ML) models are increasingly used due to their high predictive power, their use in understanding the data-generating process (DGP) is limited. Understanding the DGP requires insights into feature-target associations, which many ML models cannot directly provide due to their opaque internal mechanisms. Feature importance (FI) methods provide useful insights into the DGP under certain conditions. Since the results of different FI methods have different interpretations, selecting the correct FI method for a concrete use case is crucial and still requires expert knowledge. This paper serves as a comprehensive guide to help understand the different interpretations of global FI methods. Through an extensive review of FI methods and providing new proofs regarding their interpretation, we facilitate a thorough understanding of these methods and formulate concrete recommendations for scientific inference. We conclude by discussing options for FI uncertainty estimation and point to directions for future research aiming at full statistical inference from black-box ML models.
Busti and Zappa family chart and information
Creators: name: Semenza, Paolo
name: Jones, John Everett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Paul Busti (1749-1824); United States history, 19th C., Holland Land Company, Amsterdam, Italian Merchant Community, 18th C.

description: This working paper provides genealogical references for the article: Semenza, Paolo and John Everett Jones. 2023. “Rediscovering Paul Busti (1749-1824),” Italian Americana, vol. XLI, no. 2 (summer), 93-120. Digital access: doi.org/10.5406/2327753X.41.2.03
Optical remote sensing (Sentinel-3 OLCI) used to monitor dissolved organic carbon in the Lena River, Russia
Creators: name: El Kassar, Jan
name: Juhls, Bennet
name: Hieronymi, Martin
name: Preusker, Rene
name: Morgenstern, Anne
name: Fischer, Jürgen
name: Overduin, Pier Paul
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sentinel-3
subject: Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI)
subject: CDOM
subject: DOC
subject: Lena River
subject: fluxes
subject: monitoring
subject: Arctic
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: In the past decades the Arctic has experienced stronger temperature increases than any other region globally. Shifts in hydrological regimes and accelerated permafrost thawing have been observed and are likely to increase mobilization of organic carbon and its transport through rivers into the Arctic Ocean. In order to better quantify changes to the carbon cycle, Arctic rivers such as the Lena River in Siberia need to be monitored closely. Since 2018, a sampling program provides frequent in situ observations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) of the Lena River. Here, we utilize this ground truth dataset and aim to test the potential of frequent satellite observations to spatially and temporally complement and expand these observations. We explored all available overpasses (~3250) of the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) on Sentinel-3 within the ice-free periods (May – October) for four years (2018 to 2021) to develop a new retrieval scheme to derive concentrations of DOC. OLCI observations with a spatial resolution of ~300 m were corrected for atmospheric effects using the Polymer algorithm. The results of this study show that using this new retrieval, remotely sensed DOC concentrations agree well with in situ DOC concentrations (MAPD=10.89%, RMSE=1.55 mg L−1, r²=0.92, n=489). The high revisit frequency and wide swath of OLCI allow it to capture the entire range of DOC concentrations and their seasonal variability. Estimated satellite-derived DOC export fluxes integrated over the ice-free periods of 2018 to 2021 show a high interannual variability and agree well with flux estimates from in situ data (RMSD=0.186 Tg C, MAPD=4.05%). In addition, 10-day OLCI composites covering the entire Lena River catchment revealed increasing DOC concentration and local sources of DOC along the Lena from south to north. We conclude that moderate resolution satellite imagers such as OLCI are very capable of observing DOC concentrations in large/wide rivers such as the Lena River despite the relatively coarse spatial resolution. The global coverage of remote sensing offers the expansion to more rivers in order to improve our understanding of the land-ocean carbon fluxes in a changing climate.
Beyond Self-Consistency: Ensemble Reasoning Boosts Consistency and Accuracy of LLMs in Cancer Staging
Creators: name: Chang, Chia-Hsuan
name: Lucas, Mary M.
name: Lee, Yeawon
name: Yang, Christopher C.
name: Lu-Yao, Grace
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Advances in large language models (LLMs) have encouraged their adoption in the healthcare domain where vital clinical information is often contained in unstructured notes. Cancer staging status is available in clinical reports, but it requires natural language processing to extract the status from the unstructured text. With the advance in clinical-oriented LLMs, it is promising to extract such status without extensive efforts in training the algorithms. Prompting approaches of the pre-trained LLMs that elicit a model's reasoning process, such as chain-of-thought, may help to improve the trustworthiness of the generated responses. Using self-consistency further improves model performance, but often results in inconsistent generations across the multiple reasoning paths. In this study, we propose an ensemble reasoning approach with the aim of improving the consistency of the model generations. Using an open access clinical large language model to determine the pathologic cancer stage from real-world pathology reports, we show that the ensemble reasoning approach is able to improve both the consistency and performance of the LLM in determining cancer stage, thereby demonstrating the potential to use these models in clinical or other domains where reliability and trustworthiness are critical.
description: accepted to the 22nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIME'24)
Light-based Volumetric Additive Manufacturing in Scattering Resins
Creators: name: Madrid-Wolff, Jorge
name: Boniface, Antoine
name: Loterie, Damien
name: Delrot, Paul
name: Moser, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 3D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing of volumetric components and structures for use in various fields. Owing to the advent of photo-curable resins, several fully volumetric light-based techniques have been recently developed to push further the resolution and speed limitations of 3D printing. However, these new approaches only work with homogeneous and relatively transparent resins so that the incident light patterns used for photo-polymerization are not impacted along their propagation through the material. Herein, we describe a strategy to print in scattering materials. It consists of characterizing how light is distorted by the curable resin and then applying a digital correction to the light patterns to counteract the effect of scattering. Using a tomographic volumetric printer, we experimentally demonstrate the importance of taking light scattering into account when computing the projected patterns and show that our applied correction significantly improves printability, even when the object size exceeds the scattering mean free path of light.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures
DSC #8: Text-Comparison-Algorithm-Crazy Quinn
Creators: name: Dombrowski, Quinn
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Digital humanities
subject: Text data mining

description: In DSC #8: Text-Comparison-Algorithm-Crazy Quinn, Quinn Dombrowski looks at the infamous "Chapter 2" phenomenon in the Baby-Sitters Club, starting with 6-gram overlap, but then trying other metrics for text comparison... with mixed results.
Distinct band reconstructions in kagome superconductor CsV$_3$Sb$_5$
Creators: name: Luo, Yang
name: Peng, Shuting
name: Teicher, Samuel M. L.
name: Huai, Linwei
name: Hu, Yong
name: Ortiz, Brenden R.
name: Wei, Zhiyuan
name: Shen, Jianchang
name: Ou, Zhipeng
name: Wang, Bingqian
name: Miao, Yu
name: Guo, Mingyao
name: Shi, M.
name: Wilson, Stephen D.
name: He, J. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new two-dimensional (2D) kagome superconductor CsV$_3$Sb$_5$ has attracted much recent attention due to the coexistence of superconductivity, charge order, topology and kagome physics. A key issue in this field is to unveil the unique reconstructed electronic structure, which successfully accommodates different orders and interactions to form a fertile ground for emergent phenomena. Here, we report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) evidence for two distinct band reconstructions in CsV$_3$Sb$_5$. The first one is characterized by the appearance of new electron energy band at low temperature. The new band is theoretically reproduced when the three dimensionality of the charge order is considered for a band-folding along the out-of-plane direction. The second reconstruction is identified as a surface induced orbital-selective shift of the electron energy band. Our results provide the first evidence for the three dimensionality of the charge order in single-particle spectral function, highlighting the importance of long-range out-of-plane electronic correlations in this layered kagome superconductor. They also point to the feasibility of orbital-selective control of the band structure via surface modification, which would open a new avenue for manipulating exotic phenomena in this system, including superconductivity.