Leptohyphes calarca Molineri, Zuniga & Ramos 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Molineri, Carlos
name: Zúñiga, María del Carmen
name: Ramos, Blanca C.
name: Giraldo, Lina P.
name: Cardona, William
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Leptohyphidae
Leptohyphes
Leptohyphes calarca

description: Leptohyphes calarca Molineri, Zúñiga & Ramos sp. nov.
(Figs 2, 6-7, 16-20)
LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6A6C9D87-ED48-4339- 89C7-5F89667B15B3
Type material. Holotype ♀ mature nymph (parts on slide) from COLOMBIA, Quindío, Calarcá, Natural Reserve La Sonadora, No 1 creek, tributary of the La Sonadora creek, Verde river basin, 3076 m, 04°25’56.4”N, 75°37’29.4”W, microhabitat: cobble and gravel mixture, 6.VIII.2010, A. Villarreal col. (MUSENUV). Paratypes: 2♀ nymphs, the same information except microhabitat: sandy, 15.I.2010 (IBN); 1♀ nymph, the same date except, No 2 creek, 3000 m, 04°26’1.9”N, 75°37’30.1”W, microhabitat: cobble and gravel mixture 10.IX.2010 (IBN); 1 nymph, the same information except No 3 creek, tributary of the La Sonadora creek, Verde river basin, 2900 m, 04°25’37.3”N, 75°36’40.3”W, microhabitat: cobble and gravel mixture, 8.X.2010 (MUSENUV); 1♀ mature nymph, the same data except, La Sonadora creek, 2800m, 04°26’37.2”N, 75°37’46.5”W, microhabitat: cobble and gravel mixture, 5.XII.2010 (MUSENUV); 3♀ nymphs, the same information except, El Cedral creek, 2915 m, 04°25’27.6”N, 75°36’36.1”W, microhabitat: cobble and gravel mixture, 11.XI.2010 (MUSENUV).
Diagnosis. 1) large size, without tubercles on its pilose body (Figs 2, 6-7); 2) fore femur slender, length/ maximum width = 2.3 (Fig. 18); 3) fore margin of middle and hind femora without spine-like setae (but with many small curved setae), hind margin with ca. 40 medium-sized spatulate setae, elevated sockets absent or vestigial (Fig. 16); 4) tarsal claws denticulation 5+1 (Fig. 17); 5) pronotum strongly projected laterally (Fig. 6); 6) fore wingbuds blackish (Fig. 2) (before folding in mature nymphs), hind wing pads present in females; 7) gill formula 3/4/4/3/1, gill V with ventral extension on dorsal lamella; 8) without strong setae on abdominal terga (Fig. 7).
Description. Nymph. Length of female (mm, not fully mature): body, 7.0; hind femur, 1.7; caudal filaments, 5.5 (cercus)-6.8 (terminal filament). General coloration yellowish brown, with gray markings (Figs 2, 6-7). Head yellowish with a blackish transverse band between eyes along the epicranial suture; occiput with small gray marks as in Fig. 6, posterior margin with a thin blackish line. Antennae whitish. Thorax: pronotum with large rounded anterolateral projection and pronounced constriction posteriorly, with gray markings as in figure (Fig. 6). Mesonotum with blunt anterolateral projections, and with gray markings as in Fig. 2; fore wingbuds black. Hind wing pad present in female. Thoracic sterna paler than terga, shaded with gray medially. Legs yellowish, shaded with gray on coxae, femora (except mediolongitudinal pale line), and base of tibia; legs almost completely covered by dark thick and short setae (Fig. 7), except for bare mediolongitudinal dorsal line on femora. Foreleg (Fig. 18): femur slender, becoming wider apically, ratio length/maximum width 2.3; transversal row at 0.4 from base to apex, with 25 stout spatulate spine-like setae; fore margin with spine-like setae, hind margin with spine-like setae (on elevated sockets) distally to transversal row; small inner projection on apex of femur. Tibia subequal in length to femur with spatulate setae along inner margin. Tarsus 0.4 the length of tibia with row of setae in inner margin; tarsal claw with 5 +1 denticles (Fig. 17). Middle and hind legs (Fig. 16) similar except for the size; hind femur becaming wider apically, ratio length/maximum width 2.4, with double row of spine-like setae on fore margin, hind margin with 39 spine-like setae on elevated sockets; projections on inner apex of femur small. Tibia wide, 1.2 the length of femur, with dorsal ridge, inner and outer margin row of large spatulate setae (Fig. 16). Tarsus 0.3 the length of femur, inner margin with setae, tarsal claw as in foreleg. Abdomen. Terga brownish, shaded uniformly with gray; few spatulate setae present on lateral areas of segments III-VII. Lateral margins of segments III– VI expanded forming flanges; relatively short posterolateral spines on segments VII–IX. Abdominal sterna shaded slightly with gray. Sternum IX with distal V-shaped indentation (female). Gills: operculate gill on segment II whitish, shaded with brown on basal half, ventrally with curved “basal spine” and two lamellae (Fig. 19); other gills whitish (Fig. 20). Gill formula 3/4/4/3/1. Caudal filaments yellowish with few short and blunt brownish spines.
Adults. Unknown. The wing membrane is surely tinged with gray or black because of the pigments shown in the nymphal wing buds.
Etymology. Calarcá is the name of the municipality where the nymphs were collected; the name refers to the legendary Cacique Calarcá, from an ethnic group known as Pijaos who occupied the Colombian central Andean region.
Distribution (Fig. 29). Colombia, Quindío (high Central Andes).
Discussion. The large size and pilose legs resembles L. quimbaya, but L. calarca is even larger and hair-like setae on the head, thorax and abdomen are lacking. Other important differences include the larger and rounded anterolateral projection on pronotum, the blackish wing buds and the presence of subapical submarginal denticle in tarsal claws of L. calarca.
Ecological notes. Known locality records of this species are from La Sonadora Natural Reserve, on the eastern slope of the Central Cordillera, Quindío (Calarcá and Córdoba municipalities). They were found between 2800 and 3100 m. The region present 2000-4000 mm of annual rainfall and temperatures ranging 9-16°C (BAQUERO et al., 2010), with constant winds and fog. The area corresponds to Montane Humid Forest in HOLDRIDGE’s (1987) classification. Streams are small, low-order reaches located in the high microbasin of La Sonadora and draining to the Verde river basin. They flow through a scarped terrain, with high slopes and falls of 3 to 15 m high, with well-preserved dense marginal vegetation cover. The streams presented a depth of 18-35 cm, channel with of 130-270 cm, and velocity of 0.15-0.50 m /s. Bed substrate is muddy with high levels of leaves and other decomposing organic material, but sandy and stony substrate is present also in some creeks, but in a lower proportion.
description: Published as part of Molineri, Carlos, Zúñiga, María del Carmen, Ramos, Blanca C., Giraldo, Lina P. & Cardona, William, 2016, Three new species of Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) from Colombia, pp. 1-12 in Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2016024) (e 2016024) 106 on pages 5-7, DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2016024, http://zenodo.org/record/10525492