cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-pass Filter Periodogram: An Improved Power Spectral Density Estimator for Unevenly Sampled Data
Creators: name: Albentosa-Ruiz, Ezequiel
name: Marchili, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate time series analysis is essential for studying variable astronomical sources, where detecting periodicities and characterizing power spectral density (PSD) are crucial. The Lomb-Scargle periodogram, commonly used in astronomy for analyzing unevenly sampled time series data, often suffers from noise introduced by irregular sampling. This paper presents a new high-pass filter (HPF) periodogram, a novel implementation designed to mitigate this sampling-induced noise. By applying a frequency-dependent high-pass filter before computing the periodogram, the HPF method enhances the precision of PSD estimates and periodicity detection across a wide range of signal characteristics. Simulations and comparisons with the Lomb-Scargle periodogram demonstrate that the HPF periodogram improves accuracy and reliability under challenging sampling conditions, making it a valuable complementary tool for more robust time series analysis in astronomy and other fields dealing with unevenly sampled data.
Surface ozone at a coastal suburban site in 2009 and 2010: Relationships to chemical and meteorological processes
Creators: name: Martins, D. K.
name: Stauffer, R. M.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Knepp, T. N.
name: Pippin, M.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2012
Subjects: air quality
atmospheric chemistry
meteorology
NOx
ozone
sea breeze

description: Air quality and meteorological measurements were conducted at the Chemistry and Physics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (CAPABLE) site during the summers of 2009 and 2010 in Hampton, Virginia. Significant differences in surface ozone mixing ratios were observed between the two years and are correlated with meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, and cloud cover. The number of exceedance days for ozone set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency within this region has been decreasing for the past decade, especially in urban areas. There were no exceedance days with respect to ozone in 2009, and there were four exceedance days in 2010. The four highest ozone daily maxima and the two exceedance days observed during the 2010 measurement period were coincident with sea breeze phenomena. In one case, surface ozone increased at a rate of 14.6 ppb h⁻¹ with the passage of a sea breeze front. A comprehensive multilinear regression model as well as an operational forecast was unable to resolve the high ozone observed during sea breeze events. As the number of exceedance days per year within this region continues to decrease, accurately forecasting sea breezes may become more important for the forecasting of pollution events.
Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviour Change in Type 2 Diabetes Using a Design Probe Methodology
Creators: name: Cradock, Kevin A.
name: Quinlan, Leo R.
name: Finucane, Francis M.
name: Gainforth, Heather
name: Martin Ginis, Kathleen A. (Kathleen Anne), 1968-
name: Barros, Ana Correia De
name: Sanders, Elizabeth B. N.
name: ÓLaighin, Gearóid
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) typically involves pharmacological methods and adjunct behavioural modifications, focused on changing diet and physical activity (PA) behaviours. Changing diet and physical activity behaviours is complex and any behavioural intervention in T2D, to be successful, must use an appropriate suite of behaviour change techniques (BCTs). In this study, we sought to understand the perceived barriers and facilitators to diet and PA behaviour change in persons with T2D, with a view to creating artefacts to facilitate the required behaviour changes. The Design Probe was chosen as the most appropriate design research instrument to capture the required data, as it enabled participants to reflect and self-document, over an extended period of time, on their daily lived experiences and, following this reflection, to identify their barriers and facilitators to diet and PA behaviour change. Design Probes were sent to 21 participants and 13 were fully completed. A reflective thematic analysis was carried out on the data, which identified themes of food environment, mental health, work schedule, planning, social support, cravings, economic circumstances and energy associated with diet behaviour. Similar themes were identified for PA as well as themes of physical health, weather, motivation and the physical environment.
Surface tension measurements of 430 stainless steels using the electromagnetic levitation technique
Creators: name: Lee, Joonho
name: Choe, Joongkil
name: Kim, Han Gyeol
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: 430 stainless steel (SUS430) shows a slightly degraded corrosion resistance than 304 stainless steel (SUS304), but a similar mechanical property as SUS304 [1]. However, SUS430 does not contain nickel, and it is considered as a cost-effective anti-corrosion material for general use. Although mechanical properties of SUS430 are well-known, physical properties in molten state have not been studied well.
Atmospheric chemistry over southern Africa
Creators: name: Gatebe, Charles K.
name: Levy, Robert C.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2012
Subjects: chemistry
climate
field campaign
southern Africa

description: Changing Chemistry in a Changing Climate: Human and Natural Impacts Over Southern Africa (C4-SAR); Midrand, South Africa, 31 May to 3 June 2011 During the southern African dry season, regional haze from mixed industrial pollution, biomass burning aerosol and gases from domestic and grassland fires, and biogenic sources from plants and soils is worsened by a semipermanent atmospheric gyre over the subcontinent. These factors were a driver of several major international field campaigns in the 1990s and early 2000s and attracted many scientists to the region. Some researchers were interested in understanding fundamental processes governing chemistry of the atmosphere and interaction with climate change. Others found favorable conditions for evaluating satellite- derived measurements of atmospheric properties and a changing land surface. With that background in mind a workshop on atmospheric chemistry was held in South Africa. Sponsored by the International Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (ICACGP; http://www.icacgp.org/), the workshop received generous support from Eskom, the South African power utility; and the Climatology Research Group of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Classification of Ascension Island and Natal ozonesondes using self-organizing maps
Creators: name: Jensen, Anders A.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Schmidlin, F. J.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2012
Subjects: ozone
biomass burning
ozonesondes
tropical convection

description: Ozone profiles from balloon-borne ozonesondes are used for development of satellite algorithms and in chemistry-climate model initialization, assimilation and evaluation. An important issue in the application of these profiles is how best to treat variations where varying photochemical and dynamical influences can cause the ozone mixing ratio in the tropospheric segments of the profile to change by of a factor of 2–3 within a day. Clustering techniques are an ideal way to approach the statistical classification of profile data and we apply self-organizing maps to tropical tropospheric SHADOZ data, hypothesizing that the data will sort according to various influences on ozone, namely anthropogenic sources like biomass burning, meteorological conditions, and stratospheric or extra-tropical intrusions. Self-organizing maps, that use a learning algorithm to reveal the most prominent features of a data set according to a specified number of clusters, have been determined for the 1998–2009 SHADOZ profiles over Ascension Island (512 profiles, 7.98°S, 14.42°W) and Natal, Brazil (425 profiles, 5.42°S, 35.38°W). The 2 × 2 self-organizing map, which creates 4 clusters, reveals that deviations from the average ozone in the free troposphere include both increased ozone resulting from seasonal biomass burning in Africa and locally reduced ozone brought about by convective lifting of unpolluted boundary-layer air. Expanding to a 4 × 4 self-organizing map shows how biomass burning influences the yearly cycle of tropospheric ozone at Ascension Island and captures the seasonality of ozone at both Ascension Island and Natal. Comparing Ascension Island and Natal using a 4 × 4 self-organizing map at each site reveals similarities in mid-tropospheric ozone, but shows differences in lower-tropospheric ozone due to Ascension Island being closer to African biomass burning and more affected by descent from the mean Walker circulation, with less convective activity, than Natal.
Impacts of midlatitude precursor emissions and local photochemistry on ozone abundances in the Arctic
Creators: name: Walker, T. W.
name: Jones, D. B. A.
name: Parrington, M.
name: Henze, D. K.
name: Murray, L. T.
name: Bottenheim, J. W.
name: Anlauf, K.
name: Worden, J. R.
name: Bowman, K. W.
name: Shim, C.
name: Singh, K.
name: Kopacz, M.
name: Tarasick, D. W.
name: Davies, J.
name: Von Der Gathen, P.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Carouge, C. C.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2012
Subjects: ozone
adjoint
Arctic
assimilation
sources
troposphere

description: We assess the impact of transport of pollution from midlatitudes on the abundance of ozone in the Arctic in summer 2006 using the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model and its adjoint. We find that although the impact of midlatitude emissions on ozone abundances in the Arctic is at a maximum in fall and winter, in July transport from North America, Asia, and Europe together contributed about 25% of surface ozone abundances in the Arctic. Throughout the summer, the dominant source of ozone in the Arctic troposphere was photochemical production within the Arctic, which accounted for more than 50% of the ozone in the Arctic boundary layer and as much as 30%–40% of the ozone in the middle troposphere. An adjoint sensitivity analysis of the impact of NOx emissions on ozone at Alert shows that on synoptic time scales in both the lower and middle troposphere, ozone abundances are more sensitive to emissions between 50°N and 70°N, with important influences from anthropogenic, biomass burning, soil, and lightning sources. Although local surface NOx emissions contribute to ozone formation, transport of NOx in the form of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) from outside the Arctic and from the upper troposphere also contributed to ozone production in the lower troposphere. We find that in late May and June the release of NOx from PAN decomposition accounted for 93% and 55% of ozone production at the Arctic surface, respectively.
The Value of Air Quality Forecasting in the Mid-Atlantic Region
Creators: name: Garner, Gregory G.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
Publisher: name: AMS
Year: 2012

description: Air quality forecasts produced by the National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC), human air quality forecasters, and persistence are evaluated for predictive skill and economic value when used to inform decisions regarding pollutant emission and exposure. Surface ozone forecasts and observations were collected from 40 monitors representing eight forecast regions throughout Washington, D.C.; Virginia; and Maryland over the 2005–09 ozone seasons (April–October). The skill of the forecasts are quantified using discrete statistics, such as correlation, mean bias, and root-mean-square error, and categorical statistics, such as exceedance hit rate, false alarm rate, and critical success index. The value of the forecasts are quantified using a decision model based on costs to protect the public against a poor air quality event and the losses incurred if no protective measures are taken. The results indicate that the most skillful forecast method is not necessarily the most valuable forecast method. Air shed managers need to consider multiple forecast methods when deciding on multiple protective measures, because a single measure of forecast skill can often hide the user’s sensitivity to forecast error for a specific decision.
JPEC: A Novel Graph Neural Network for Competitor Retrieval in Financial Knowledge Graphs
Creators: name: Ding, Wanying
name: Cherukumalli, Manoj
name: Chikoti, Santosh
name: Chaudhri, Vinay K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge graphs have gained popularity for their ability to organize and analyze complex data effectively. When combined with graph embedding techniques, such as graph neural networks (GNNs), knowledge graphs become a potent tool in providing valuable insights. This study explores the application of graph embedding in identifying competitors from a financial knowledge graph. Existing state-of-the-art(SOTA) models face challenges due to the unique attributes of our knowledge graph, including directed and undirected relationships, attributed nodes, and minimal annotated competitor connections. To address these challenges, we propose a novel graph embedding model, JPEC(JPMorgan Proximity Embedding for Competitor Detection), which utilizes graph neural network to learn from both first-order and second-order node proximity together with vital features for competitor retrieval. JPEC had outperformed most existing models in extensive experiments, showcasing its effectiveness in competitor retrieval.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by SIGIR'24
Effects of Lanthanides on the Structure and Oxygen Permeability of Ti-doped Dual-phase Membranes
Creators: name: Zhang, Chao
name: Xiang, Zaichen
name: Zeng, Lingyong
name: Yu, Peifeng
name: Li, Kuan
name: Wang, Kangwang
name: Li, Longfu
name: Chen, Rui
name: Luo, Huixia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The trade-off effect of the oxygen permeability and stability of oxygen transport membranes (OTMs) still exists in working atmospheres containing CO2. Herein, we reported a new series of 60 wt%Ce0.9Ln0.1O2-δ-40wt%Ln0.6Sr0.4Fe0.9Ti0.1O3-δ (CLnO-LnSFTO, Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb) dual-phase OTMs by selecting different Ln elements based on the reported highly stable Ti-doped CPrO-PrSFTO. The effects of different Ln elements on the structure and oxygen permeability of Ti-doped dual-phase OTMs were systematically studied. Basically, as the atomic number of Ln elements increases, the unit cell parameters of both the fluorite phase and the perovskite phase become smaller. The unit cell volume and spatial symmetry of the perovskite phase are reduced, resulting in a reduction in oxygen permeability. The optimal CLaO-LaSFTO showed JO2 of 0.60 and 0.54 mL min-1 cm-2 with He and CO2 sweeping at 1000 oC, respectively. In addition, all CLnO-LnSFTO OTMs could work for more than 100 hours with no significant performance degradation in a CO2 atmosphere, maintaining excellent stability. This work explores candidate OTM materials for CO2 capture and oxygen separation, as well as provides some ideas for addressing the trade-off effect.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
JEL: Applying End-to-End Neural Entity Linking in JPMorgan Chase
Creators: name: Ding, Wanying
name: Chaudhri, Vinay K.
name: Chittar, Naren
name: Konakanchi, Krishna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge Graphs have emerged as a compelling abstraction for capturing key relationship among the entities of interest to enterprises and for integrating data from heterogeneous sources. JPMorgan Chase (JPMC) is leading this trend by leveraging knowledge graphs across the organization for multiple mission critical applications such as risk assessment, fraud detection, investment advice, etc. A core problem in leveraging a knowledge graph is to link mentions (e.g., company names) that are encountered in textual sources to entities in the knowledge graph. Although several techniques exist for entity linking, they are tuned for entities that exist in Wikipedia, and fail to generalize for the entities that are of interest to an enterprise. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end neural entity linking model (JEL) that uses minimal context information and a margin loss to generate entity embeddings, and a Wide & Deep Learning model to match character and semantic information respectively. We show that JEL achieves the state-of-the-art performance to link mentions of company names in financial news with entities in our knowledge graph. We report on our efforts to deploy this model in the company-wide system to generate alerts in response to financial news. The methodology used for JEL is directly applicable and usable by other enterprises who need entity linking solutions for data that are unique to their respective situations.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, IAAI-21
Clear Reduction in Spin Susceptibility and Superconducting Spin Rotation for $H \parallel a$ in the Early-Stage Sample of Spin-Triplet Superconductor UTe$_2$
Creators: name: Kitagawa, Shunsaku
name: Nakanishi, Kousuke
name: Matsumura, Hiroki
name: Takahashi, Yuki
name: Ishida, Kenji
name: Tokunaga, Yo
name: Sakai, Hironori
name: Kambe, Shinsaku
name: Nakamura, Ai
name: Shimizu, Yusei
name: Homma, Yoshiya
name: Li, Dexin
name: Honda, Fuminori
name: Miyake, Atsushi
name: Aoki, Dai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the re-measurement of the $a$-axis spin susceptibility component in an early-stage sample of the spin-triplet superconductor UTe$_2$ with the transition temperature of $T_{\rm SC}$ = 1.6 K. Using Knight-shift measurements along the $b$ axis and at a 10-degree tilt from the $b$ axis towards the $a$ axis, we accurately determined the $a$-axis component without directly measuring the $a$-axis Knight shift. Our results reveal a decrease of approximately 3\% in the $a$-axis spin susceptibility in the superconducting state under $a$-axis magnetic field $μ_0 H_a \sim 0.1$ T, indicating that the spin susceptibility decreases similarly in both early-stage and ultraclean samples with $T_{\rm SC}$ = 2.1 K. The previously reported absence of the reduction in Knight shift is attributed to the missing of signal from the superconducting region and to the detection of residual signals from the non-superconducting region instead. We also found that the decrease in the $a$-axis spin susceptibility is immediately suppressed with increasing the $a$-axis magnetic field and is estimated to be completely suppressed at around 1.5 T due to superconducting spin rotation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Accelerating a shift from road to rail freight transport in Germany - Three scenarios
Creators: name: Frey, Kilian
name: Hartwig, Johannes
name: Doll, Claus
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Güterverkehr

description: As a core pillar of its greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction policy the European Commission (EC) envisages shifting 50% of long distance freight transport to rail and inland navigation by 2050. While technical solutions to mitigate GHG emissions are well researched, non-technical policy paths still need further attention. It is in particular unclear, how assumptions on framework conditions impact the result of policy options in such long term forecasts. In this paper the authors therefore look at the performance of a set of measures to achieve a given modal shift target in front of alternative baseline developments of the German economy. The authors chose a 10 percentage point increase of national freight movements on rail to be achieved by 2030. The results found by applying the ASTRA-D system dynamics model indicate that the stronger the economic growth is assumed, the more easy the achievement of targets will be. In this case the authors run into much more serious capacity problems at the railways, but the authors can suspect that under more dynamic economic conditions capacity enlargement measures can be implemented more easily.
Quelle: http://trid.trb.org/
Tropopause Characteristics and Variability from 11 yr of SHADOZ Observations in the Southern Tropics and Subtropics
Creators: name: Sivakumar, V.
name: Bencherif, H.
name: Bègue, N.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
Publisher: name: AMS
Year: 2011

description: In this paper, tropopause characteristics observed from tropical to subtropical Southern Hemisphere stations using Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde (SHADOZ) data are presented for the 11-yr period of 1998–2008. Three different definitions of tropopause—cold-point tropopause (CPT), lapse-rate tropopause (LRT), and ozone tropopause (OT)—are determined, and their variability for nine different SHADOZ sites is studied for the purpose of evaluating their usefulness as indicators of possible tropopause trends. For each station, the OT is uniquely defined by the ozone gradient and is found to be more variable than either LRT or CPT. The OT roughly coincides with the upper boundary of the region of most active convective mixing over the western Pacific Ocean and with the lower boundary of the transition region from the troposphere to the lower stratosphere that is generally referred to as the tropical tropopause layer. The monthly and year-to-year variations in the tropopause are examined, and the annual cycle in OT, the dominant signal, is described. The distance of separation of the OT from the CPT or LRT is smaller for the tropics (stations at 0°–15°S) than for the subtropics (15°–25°S). The decadal trend in tropopause heights is measured using a statistical model that accounts for natural variations expressed in El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the quasi-biennial oscillation, and the Indian Ocean dipole. The decadal trend estimation shows no statistically significant trend for the CPT and LRT in the tropics, in contrast to other studies. A decrease in altitude for the OT is significant. In the subtropics, the CPT and LRT decline significantly, by −240 and −190 m (10 yr)⁻¹, respectively, but the OT increases.
Describing practices of priority setting and resource allocation in publicly funded health care systems of high-income countries
Creators: name: Seixas, Brayan V.
name: Regier, Dean A.
name: Bryan, Stirling
name: Mitton, Craig, 1972-
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background: Healthcare spending has grown over the last decades in all developed countries. Making hard choices for investments in a rational, evidence-informed, systematic, transparent and legitimate manner constitutes an important objective. Yet, most scientific work in this area has focused on developing/improving prescriptive approaches for decision making and presenting case studies. The present work aimed to describe existing practices of priority setting and resource allocation (PSRA) within the context of publicly funded health care systems of high-income countries and inform areas for further improvement and research. Methods: An online qualitative survey, developed from a theoretical framework, was administered with decision-makers and academics from 18 countries. 450 individuals were invited and 58 participated (13% of response rate). Results: We found evidence that resource allocation is still largely carried out based on historical patterns and through ad hoc decisions, despite the widely held understanding that decisions should be based on multiple explicit criteria. Health technology assessment (HTA) was the tool most commonly indicated by respondents as a formal priority setting strategy. Several approaches were reported to have been used, with special emphasis on Program Budgeting and Marginal Analysis (PBMA), but limited evidence exists on their evaluation and routine use. Disinvestment frameworks are still very rare. There is increasing convergence on the use of multiple types of evidence to judge the value of investment options. Conclusions: Efforts to establish formal and explicit processes and rationales for decision-making in priority setting and resource allocation have been still rare outside the HTA realm. Our work indicates the need of development/improvement of decision-making frameworks in PSRA that: 1) have well-defined steps; 2) are based on multiple criteria; 3) are capable of assessing the opportunity costs involved; 4) focus on achieving higher value and not just on adoption; 5) engage involved stakeholders and the general public; 6) make good use and appraisal of all evidence available; and 6) emphasize transparency, legitimacy, and fairness.
title: Design Lab Toolkit
Creators: name: Palm, Marisha
name: Beninger, Paul
name: Daudelin, Denise
name: Duenas, Noé
name: Hirsch, Gigi
name: Markman, Kris
name: Reed, Ellaina
name: Trinquart, Ludovic
name: Trusheim, Mark
name: Wieber, Cortney
name: Welch, Lisa
name: Selker, Harry
Publisher: name: Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute
Year: 2024

description: Faculty and staff at Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) have developed a new Clinical Trial Design Lab Toolkit. The Toolkit is designed to help organizations and individuals who are interested in using the Design Lab methodology to develop innovative approaches to clinical trials. The methodology supports investigators to take a broad view of the treatment development pathway, consult multiple interest holders, and focus on having impact.The Clinical Trial Design Lab toolkit includes:• An introduction to the Design Lab methodology and principles• Step-by-step program development guidance and an overview of resources required• Details of the Design Lab consultation leading to the Design Lab event• An appendix with examples, tools, and templates to support the methodology.
Interannual variability and trends in tropical ozone derived from SAGE II satellite data and SHADOZ ozonesondes
Creators: name: Randel, William J.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2011
Subjects: ozone
ENSO
QBO
stratosphere
trends

description: Long-term observations of stratospheric ozone from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) satellite (1984–2005) are combined with ozonesonde measurements from the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) network (1998–2009) to study interannual variability and trends in tropical ozone. Excellent agreement is found comparing the two data sets for the overlap period 1998–2005, and the data are combined to form a continuous time series covering 1984–2009. SHADOZ measurements also provide temperature profiles, and interannual changes in ozone and temperature are highly correlated throughout the tropical lower stratosphere (16–27 km). Interannual variability in stratospheric ozone is dominated by effects of the quasi-biennial oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and there are also significant negative trends (?2 to ?4% per decade) in the tropical lower stratosphere (over 17–21 km). These tropical ozone trends are consistent with results from chemistry-climate model simulations, wherein the trends result from increases in upwelling circulation in the tropical lower stratosphere.
Capacity building of health care professionals to perform interprofessional management of non-communicable diseases in primary care – experiences from Ukraine
Creators: name: Laatikainen, Tiina
name: Dumcheva, Anastasiya
name: Kiriazova, Tetiana
name: Zeziulin, Oleksandr
name: Inglin, Laura
name: Collins, Dylan
name: Farrington, Jill
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background: Non-communicable diseases are leading causes of death and disability across the world. Countries with the highest non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in the WHO European Region are often those that have some of the greatest health system challenges for achieving good outcomes in prevention and care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an interprofessional capacity building intervention carried out in Ukraine to improve the management non-communicable diseases in primary health care. Methods: A mixed-methods evaluation study was performed in 2018 to analyse the effect of a capacity building intervention carried out for over 10,000 primary care professionals in Ukraine in 2018. Quantitative data were collected from primary health care records of intervention and control areas preceding the intervention and 1.5 to 2 years after the intervention. Altogether 2798 patient records before and 2795 after the intervention were reviewed. In control areas, 1202 patient records were reviewed. Qualitative data were collected carrying out focus group interviews for health professionals, clinic managers and patients. Also, observations of clinical practice and patient pathways were performed. Results: The capacity building intervention improved the capacity of professionals in detection and management of non-communicable disease risk factors. Significant improvement was seen in detection rates of both behavioural and biological risk factors and in medication prescription rates in the intervention areas. However, almost similar improvement in prescription rates was also observed in control clinics. Improvements in control of blood pressure, blood glucose and cholesterol were not seen during the evaluated implementation period. Qualitative analyses highlighted the improved knowledge and skills but challenges in changing the current practice. Conclusions: A large scale capacity building intervention improved primary health care professionals’ knowledge, skills and clinical practice on NCD risk detection and reduction. We were not able to detect improvements in treatment outcomes - at least within 1.5 to 2 years follow-up. Improvement of treatment outcomes would most likely need more comprehensive systems change.
Stratégies d'apprentissage au regard des caractéristiques des apprenants adultes ayant vécu une ou des situations potentiellement traumatogènes
Creators: name: RICS, Revue
name: L'Abbé, Fannie
name: Moreau, Andre C.
name: Bouchard, Stéphane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Education

description: Ce document présente les résultats d'une recherche portant sur des apprenants qui ont vécu un ou des événements potentiellement traumatogènes au cours de leur carrière militaire. Le but affiché est de mieux comprendre les caractéristiques spécifiques de ces apprenants; puis, de décrire les stratégies d'apprentissage du français langue seconde utilisée le plus souvent et susceptibles d'être efficaces selon eux. Il s'agit d'une recherche de nature interprétative, de types exploratoire et descriptive. La méthodologie réfère au devis mixte imbriqué à prédominance qualitative qui consiste au croisement des données qualitatives et quantitatives recueillies selon deux méthodes de collecte de données : le questionnaire multiéchelles (115 questions développées) et l'entrevue individuelle semi-dirigée (d'une durée de 60 à 90 minutes). Les résultats indiquent que la présence d’un trouble de stress post-traumatique, qu'il soit diagnostiqué ou non, a un impact sur l'apprentissage et sur la perception du sentiment d'efficacité personnel des apprenants.
Romanies in Italy: from national 'emergency' to national 'strategy' in Rome's Campi Nomadi
Creators: name: Armillei, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This dissertation deals with the social exclusion of Romanies in Italy. It focuses on the condition of those living in ‘nomad camps’ in Rome and on the recent implementation of a state of emergency to address this issue. This study provides an investigation of the interactions between Romanies, local institutions and Third Sector organisations. It reveals the existence of a deeply rooted mechanism of marginalisation – the ‘camps system’—, in which corruption, lack of transparency and antagonisms between a variety of competing actors have contributed to reify and crystallise the Romani condition. This thesis also uncovers significant practices of resistance within the camps.
Strategic ozone sounding networks: Review of design and accomplishments
Creators: name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Oltmans, Samuel J.
name: Tarasick, David W.
name: Von Der Gathen, Peter
name: Smit, Herman G. J.
name: Witte, Jacquelyn C.
Publisher: name: ELSEVIER
Year: 2011
Subjects: Ozone
Ozone depletion
Ozonesondes
Stratosphere–troposphere exchange
Tropics
Tropospheric ozone
TTL

description: Ozone soundings are used to integrate models, satellite, aircraft and ground-based measurements for better interpretation of ozone variability, including atmospheric losses (predominantly in the stratosphere) and pollution (troposphere). A well-designed network of ozonesonde stations gives information with high vertical and horizontal resolution on a number of dynamical and chemical processes, allowing us to answer questions not possible with aircraft campaigns or current satellite technology. Strategic ozonesonde networks are discussed for high, mid- and low latitude studies. The Match sounding network was designed specifically to follow ozone depletion within the polar vortex; the standard sites are at middle to high northern hemisphere latitudes and typically operate from December through mid-March. Three mid-latitude strategic networks (the IONS series) operated over North America in July–August 2004, March–May and August 2006, and April and June-July-2008. These were designed to address questions about tropospheric ozone budgets and sources, including stratosphere–troposphere transport, and to validate satellite instruments and models. A global network focusing on processes in the equatorial zone, SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes), has operated since 1998 in partnership with NOAA, NASA and the Meteorological Services of host countries. Examples of important findings from these networks are described.
Statistical Analysis Plan: Efficacy of Sustained Use of GLP1-RA versus DPP4 Inhibitors and Sulfonylureas on HbA1c and Weight – A LEAD-2 and LEAD-3 Inspired Trial Emulation Using the Swedish National Diabetes Register
Creators: name: Imberg, Henrik
name: Attrell, Erik
name: Michelsen, Jens
name: Tasselius, Viktor
name: Hallström, Sara
name: Petzold, Max
name: Nyström, Thomas
name: Lind, Marcus
name: REDDIE Consortium
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Type 2 diabetes
GLP1-RA
DPP4 inhibitor
Sulfonylurea
HbA1c
Weight change
Real-world evidence
Trial emulation

description: Statistical Analysis Plan for a real-world trial emulation comparing GLP1-RAs, DPP4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas on HbA1c and weight in type 2 diabetes using Swedish national register data. Developed within the REDDIE project.
When a pandemic and an epidemic collide: COVID-19, gut microbiota, and the double burden of malnutrition
Creators: name: Littlejohn, Paula
name: Finlay, B. Brett, 1959-
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background: It is estimated that the COVID-19 pandemic will drastically increase all forms of malnutrition. Of particular concern, yet understated, is the potential to increase the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) epidemic. This coexistence of undernutrition together with overweight and obesity, or diet-related non-communicable disease (NCD), within low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) is increasing rapidly. Although multiple factors contribute to the DBM, food insecurity (FI) and gut microbiota dysbiosis play a crucial role. Both under- and overnutrition have been shown to be a consequence of food insecurity. The gut microbiota has also been recently implicated in playing a role in under- and overnutrition, with altered community structure and function common to both. The pandemic has already caused significant shifts in food availability which has immediate effects on the gut microbiome. In this opinion paper, we discuss how COVID-19 may indirectly exacerbate the DBM through food insecurity and the gut microbiome. Main text: The World Food Programme (WFP) estimates that 265 million people in LMICs will experience acute hunger in 2020 due to the pandemic, nearly doubling the original projection of 135 million. Global border closures to food trade, loss of food production, and stark decline in household income will exacerbate starvation while simultaneously necessitating that families resort to calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods, thereby increasing obesity. While food insecurity, which is the persistent lack of consistent access to adequate and nutrient-rich foods, will primarily drive nutrition behavior, the gut microbiome is perhaps a key biological mechanism. Numerous human and animal studies describe low diversity and an increase in inflammatory species as characteristic features of the undernourished and overnourished gut microbiota. Indeed, fecal transplant studies show that microbiota transfer from undernourished and overnourished humans to germ-free mice lacking a microbiome transfers the physical and metabolic phenotype, suggesting a causal role for the microbiota in under- and overnutrition. The observed microbiome dysbiosis within severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coupled with the DBM presents a viscous cycle. Conclusion: Low- to mid-income countries will likely see an increase in the DBM epidemic. Providing access to nutritious foods and protecting individuals’ gut microbiome to “flatten the curve” of the DBM trajectory should be prioritized.
Abstract
Creators: name: Tushar Kumar
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Diagnostic Effectiveness
subject: Oral premalignant lesion screening
subject: Scoping Review
subject: Screening of Oral Cancer in Public Health
subject: VELscope

description: Introduction: Oral cancer, the sixteenth most common cancer worldwide, presents a significant health burden, particularly in regions like South Asia and Europe, due to risk factors such as tobacco use, betel quid, and alcohol consumption. VELscope, a diagnostic device, aids in early detection by identifying abnormal fluorescence in oral tissues. This scoping review will evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of VELscope in detecting oral premalignant and malignant lesions, identify research gaps, and provide insights into its utility in clinical practice.The objective of this scoping review is to comprehensively assess the available evidence regarding the clinical and cost-effectiveness of VELscope for detecting oral premalignant lesions, and oral cancer.
Method & Analysis: Adhering to JBI Scoping Review Methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we will systematically map evidence from peer-reviewed studies in English published until January 2025. Key outcomes include diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity) and cost-effectiveness. Databases such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane will be searched, with screening and data extraction conducted independently by two reviewers by using appropriate software (e.g. Rayyan and Microsoft Excel). Findings will be synthesized using tables, figures, and a PRISMA flow diagram to highlight gaps and inform future research and clinical practice.
Ethics and Dissemination: This scoping review does not involve primary data collection; therefore, ethics approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, presentations at national and international conferences, and workshops aimed at healthcare professionals and policymakers.
Keywords: diagnostic effectiveness, oral cancer, oral premalignant lesions, VELscope.
Predicting Ice-bed Topography using Predictive Modeling
Creators: name: Alam, Homayra
name: Yi, Katherine
name: Dewar, Angelina
name: Tabassum, Tartela
name: Lu, Jason
name: Chen, Ray
name: Faruque, Omar
name: Li, Sikan
name: Morlighem, Mathieu
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2024

description: The purpose of this research is to study how different machine learning and statistical models can be used to predict bedrock topography under the Greenland ice sheet using ice-penetrating radar and satellite imagery data. Accurate bed topography representations are crucial for understanding ice sheet stability and vulnerability to climate change. We explore nine predictive models including dense neural network, long-short term memory, variational auto-encoder, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), gaussian process regression, and kriging based residual learning. Model performance is evaluated with mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R ² ), and terrain ruggedness index (TRI). In addition to testing various models, different interpolation methods, including nearest neighbor, bilinear, and kriging, are also applied in preprocessing. The XGBoost model with kriging interpolation exhibit strong predictive capabilities but demands extensive resources. Alternatively, the XGBoost model with bilinear interpolation shows robust predictive capabilities and requires fewer resources. These models effectively capture the complexity of the terrain hidden under the Greenland ice sheet with precision and efficiency, making them valuable tools for representing spatial patterns in diverse landscapes.
An intercomparison of tropospheric ozone retrievals derived from two Aura instruments and measurements in western North America in 2006
Creators: name: Doughty, D. C.
name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Schoeberl, M. R.
name: Stajner, I.
name: Wargan, K.
name: Hui, W. C. J.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2011
Subjects: ozonesondes
data assimilation
UTLS
validation

description: Two recently developed methods for quantifying tropospheric ozone abundances based on Aura data, the Trajectory-enhanced Tropospheric Ozone Residual (TTOR) and an assimilation of Aura data into Goddard Earth Observing System Version 4 (ASM), are compared to ozone measurements from ozonesonde data collected in April–May 2006 during the INTEX Ozonesonde Network Study 2006 (IONS-06) campaign. Both techniques use Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations. Statistics on column ozone amounts for both products are presented. In general, the assimilation compares better to sonde integrated ozone to 200 hPa (28.6% difference for TTOR versus 2.7% difference for ASM), and both products are biased low. To better characterize the performance of ASM, ozone profiles based on the assimilation are compared to those from ozonesondes. We noted slight negative biases in the lower troposphere, and slight positive biases in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS), where we observed the greatest variability. Case studies were used to further understand ASM performance. We examine one case from 17 April 2006 at Bratt's Lake, Saskatchewan, where geopotential height gradients appear to be related to an underestimation in the ASM in the UT/LS region. A second case, from 21 April 2006 at Trinidad Head, California, is a situation where the overprediction of ozone in the UT/LS region does not appear to be due to current dynamic conditions but seems to be related to uncertainty in the flow pattern and large differences in MLS observations upstream.
Anno 2025. Das Annotationsspiel für große und kleine Forschende
Creators: name: Horstmann, Jan
name: Seltmann, Melanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: DHd2025
Poster
Annotation
Theorie
Didaktik
Vermittlung
Spiel
Gamifizierung
Annotieren
Kommunikation
Theoretisierung
Community-Bildung
Lehre
Methoden

description: Kurzzusammenfassung: Annotation im Sinne einer semantischen Anreicherung von Untersuchungsgegenständen ist eines der zentralen Themen der Digital Humanities. Der Zentralität des Annotierens als geisteswissenschaftlicher Praktik entsprechend, fokussieren auch immer wieder Beiträge auf die didaktisch reflektierte Vermittlung der Methode Annotation. Seit längerem werden Spiele zur Wissensvermittlung eingesetzt, auch wenn Beispiele der DH rar gesät sind. Das Memoryspiel Anno 2025 widmet sich der spielerischen Vermittlung der vier Annotationsdimensionen nach Horstmann und Seltmann (2024): im engsten (Ergänzung einzelner Aspekte des Untersuchungsgegenstands), im engen (Metainformationen zum Untersuchungsgegenstand), im weiten (Analyse des Untersuchungsgegenstands) und im weitesten Sinne (Bezugnahme auf den Untersuchungsgegenstand). Das Poster stellt das Spielprinzip, didaktische und wissenschaftskommunikative Hintergründe sowie die Möglichkeit der eigenen Partizipation vor.
An Update on Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccine Development
Creators: name: Blakney, Anna K.
name: Ip, Shell
name: Geall, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: This review will explore the four major pillars required for design and development of an saRNA vaccine: Antigen design, vector design, non-viral delivery systems, and manufacturing (both saRNA and lipid nanoparticles (LNP)). We report on the major innovations, preclinical and clinical data reported in the last five years and will discuss future prospects.
Gravity and Rossby wave signatures in the tropical troposphere and lower stratosphere based on Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ), 1998–2007
Creators: name: Thompson, Anne M.
name: Allen, Amber L.
name: Lee, Sukyoung
name: Miller, Sonya K.
name: Witte, Jacquelyn C.
Publisher: name: AGU
Year: 2011
Subjects: ozonesondes
gravity waves
tropical tropopause layer

description: Prior investigations attempted to determine the relative influence of advection and convective processes on ozone and water vapor distributions in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) through analyses of tracers, related physical parameters (e.g., outgoing long-wave radiation, precipitable water, and temperature), or with models. In this study, stable laminae in Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde Network (SHADOZ) ozone profiles from 1998 to 2007 are interpreted in terms of gravity waves (GW) or Rossby waves (RW) that are identified with vertical and quasi-horizontal displacements, respectively. Using the method of Pierce and Grant (1998) as applied by Thompson et al. (2007a, 2007b, 2010, 2011), amplitudes and frequencies in ozone laminae are compared among representative SHADOZ sites over Africa and the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans. GW signals maximize in the TTL and lower stratosphere. Depending on site and season, GW are identified in up to 90% of the soundings. GW are most prevalent over the Pacific and eastern Indian oceans, a distribution consistent with vertically propagating equatorial Kelvin waves. Ozone laminae from RW occur more often below the tropical tropopause and with lower frequency (<20%). Gravity wave and Rossby wave indices (GWI, RWI) are formulated to facilitate analysis of interannual variability of wave signatures among sites. GWI is positively correlated with a standard ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) index over American Samoa (14°S, 171°W) and negatively correlated at Watukosek, Java (7.5°S, 114°E), Kuala Lumpur (3°N, 102°E), and Ascension Island (8°S, 15°W). Generally, the responses of GW and RW to ENSO are consistent with prior studies.