cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Carrying the Torch: The role of the visual arts in communicating scientific lessons from fire ecology
Creators: name: Moore, Gillian
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: fire ecology
south east Michigan

description: Disruption of historic fire regimes in Southeastern Michigan is associated with a host of negative ecological effects such as reduction of landscape diversity and loss of prairie and savannah ecosystems. The return of fire to the landscape is critical to maintenance of local ecosystems, however the use of fire has coupled social and ecological dimensions that commonly predicate its application on public awareness and willingness to support prescribed fire. An interdisciplinary art-and-science exhibition about the fire ecology of Southeastern Michigan was designed and presented to a public audience in Ann Arbor, Michigan to evaluate art’s potential to communicate actionable lessons from ecology. Exhibition visitors self-selected to complete surveys assessing changes to understanding of the ecological role of fire, support for the use of prescribed fire, and concern about the negative ecological effects of fire exclusion. Fire management professionals from local, regional, and state organizations visited the exhibition and completed surveys in which they ranked the exhibition’s effectiveness as a tool for public engagement. Survey respondents identified exhibition features that were effective at informing educational or affective responses. Select follow-up interviews were conducted to further identify valuable dimensions of the exhibition that could inform recommendations for future art-science collaborations. Survey results from 100 respondents indicated overall increases in ecological understanding, support, and concern. 64.18% of respondents without pre-existing advanced knowledge reported an increase in understanding. 74.41% reported an increase in support for prescribed fire. 85.25% reported an increase in concern about the ecological effects of fire exclusion. The majority of the 21 fire management professionals surveyed (52.38%) rated the exhibition “very effective” as a tool for public engagement. Survey and interview responses indicated that the inclusion of a narrative children’s book and a diverse array of visual media were most effective at conveying information and affecting emotional engagement. Findings support the potential of the arts for effective communication of critical ecological and scientific information to a public audience.
A deep dive: Chandra observations of the NGC 4839 group falling into the Coma cluster
Creators: name: Mirakhor, M. S.
name: Walker, S. A.
name: Runge, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological simulations of structure formation predict that galaxy clusters continue to grow and evolve through ongoing mergers with group-scale systems. During these merging events, the ram pressure applied by the intracluster medium acts to strip the gas from the infalling groups, forming large tails of stripped gas, which eventually become part of the main cluster. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of our new deep Chandra observations of the NGC 4839 group falling into the nearby Coma cluster, providing a unique opportunity to explore the way galaxy clusters in the local universe continue to grow. Our analysis reveals a cold front feature at the leading head of the group, preceded by a bow shock of hot gas in front with a Mach number of $\sim\! 1.5$. The power spectrum of surface brightness fluctuations in the tail shows that the slope gets less steep as the distance from the leading head increases, changing from $-2.35_{-0.06}^{+0.07}$ at the inner part of the tail to $-1.37_{-0.07}^{+0.09}$ at the outermost part of the tail. These values are shallower than the slope of the Kolmogorov 2D power spectrum, indicating that thermal conduction is being suppressed throughout the tail, enabling long-lived small-scale turbulence, which would typically be washed out if thermal conduction was not inhibited. The characteristic amplitude of surface brightness fluctuations in the tail suggests a mild level of turbulence with a Mach number in the range of 0.1-0.5, agreeing with that found for the infalling group in Abell 2142.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
General Physical Properties of Gamma-Ray-emitting Radio Galaxies
Creators: name: Chen, Yongyun
name: Gu, Qiusheng
name: Fan, Junhui
name: Yu, Xiaoling
name: Ding, Nan
name: Xiong, Dingrong
name: Guo, Xiaotong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the radio galaxies with known redshift detected by the Fermi satellite after 10 years of data (4FGL-DR2). We use a one-zone leptonic model to fit the quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength data of these radio galaxies and study the distributions of the derived physical parameter as a function of black hole mass and accretion disk luminosity. The main results are as follows. (1) We find that the jet kinetic power of most radio galaxies can be explained by the hybrid jet model based on ADAFs surrounding Kerr black holes. (2) After excluding the redshift, there is a significant correlation between the radiation jet power and the accretion disk luminosity, while the jet kinetic power is weakly correlated with the accretion disk luminosity. (3) We also find a significant correlation between inverse Compton luminosity and synchrotron luminosity. The slope of the correlation for radio galaxies is consistent with the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) process. The result may suggest that the high-energy component of radio galaxies is dominated by the SSC process.
description: 9 pages,7 figures, accept for publication in ApJS
The X-ray variation of M81* resolved by Chandra and NuSTAR
Creators: name: Niu, S.
name: Xie, F. G.
name: Wang, Q. D.
name: Ji, L.
name: Yuan, F.
name: Long, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite advances in our understanding of low luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs), the fundamental details about the mechanisms of radiation and flare/outburst in hot accretion flow are still largely missing. We have systematically analyzed the archival Chandra and NuSTAR X-ray data of the nearby LLAGN M81*, whose $L_{\rm bol}\sim 10^{-5} L_{\rm Edd}$. Through a detailed study of X-ray light curve and spectral properties, we find that the X-ray continuum emission of the power-law shape more likely originates from inverse Compton scattering within the hot accretion flow. In contrast to Sgr A*, flares are rare in M81*. Low-amplitude variation can only be observed in soft X-ray band (amplitude usually $\lesssim 2$). Several simple models are tested, including sinusoidal-like and quasi-periodical. Based on a comparison of the dramatic differences of flare properties among Sgr A*, M31* and M81*, we find that, when the differences in both the accretion rate and the black hole mass are considered, the flares in LLAGNs can be understood universally in a magneto-hydrodynamical model.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, and 4 tables. Accepted to MNRAS
Photometric SN Ia Candidates from the Three-Year SDSS-II SN Survey Data
Creators: name: Sako, Masao
name: Bassett, Bruce
name: Connolly, Brian
name: Dilday, Benjamin
name: Campbell, Heather
name: Frieman, Joshua
name: Gladney, Larry
name: Kessler, Richard
name: Lampeitl, Hubert
name: Marriner, John
name: Miquel, Ramon
name: Nichol, Robert
name: Schneider, Donald
name: Smith, Mathew
name: Sollerman, Jesper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the three-year SDSS-II Superernova (SN) Survey data and identify a sample of 1070 photometric SN Ia candidates based on their multi-band light curve data. This sample consists of SN candidates with no spectroscopic confirmation, with a subset of 210 candidates having spectroscopic redshifts of their host galaxies measured, while the remaining 860 candidates are purely photometric in their identification. We describe a method for estimating the efficiency and purity of photometric SN Ia classification when spectroscopic confirmation of only a limited sample is available, and demonstrate that SN Ia candidates from SDSS-II can be identified photometrically with ~91% efficiency and with a contamination of ~6%. Although this is the largest uniform sample of SN candidates to date for studying photometric identification, we find that a larger spectroscopic sample of contaminating sources is required to obtain a better characterization of the background events. A Hubble diagram using SN candidates with no spectroscopic confirmation, but with host galaxy spectroscopic redshifts, yields a distance modulus dispersion that is only ~20 - 40% larger than that of the spectroscopically-confirmed SN Ia sample alone with no significant bias. A Hubble diagram with purely photometric classification and redshift-distance measurements, however, exhibit biases that require further investigation for precision cosmology.
description: The Astrophysical Journal (in press)
Accurate reconstruction of insertion-deletion histories by statistical phylogenetics
Creators: name: Westesson, Oscar
name: Lunter, Gerton
name: Paten, Benedict
name: Holmes, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) is a computational abstraction that represents a partial summary either of indel history, or of structural similarity. Taking the former view (indel history), it is possible to use formal automata theory to generalize the phylogenetic likelihood framework for finite substitution models (Dayhoff's probability matrices and Felsenstein's pruning algorithm) to arbitrary-length sequences. In this paper, we report results of a simulation-based benchmark of several methods for reconstruction of indel history. The methods tested include a relatively new algorithm for statistical marginalization of MSAs that sums over a stochastically-sampled ensemble of the most probable evolutionary histories. For mammalian evolutionary parameters on several different trees, the single most likely history sampled by our algorithm appears less biased than histories reconstructed by other MSA methods. The algorithm can also be used for alignment-free inference, where the MSA is explicitly summed out of the analysis. As an illustration of our method, we discuss reconstruction of the evolutionary histories of human protein-coding genes.
description: 28 pages, 15 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1103.4347
Nonleptonic two-body charmless B decays involving a tensor meson in the Perturbative QCD Approach
Creators: name: Zou, Zhi-Tian
name: Yu, Xin
name: Lu, Cai-Dian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-body charmless hadronic B decays involving a light tensor meson in the final states are studied in the perturbative QCD approach based on $k_T$ factorization. From our calculations, we find that the decay branching ratios for color allowed tree-dominated decays $B\to a_{2}^{0}π^{+}$ and $B\to a_{2}^{-}π^{+}$ modes are of order $10^{-6}$ and $10^{-5}$, respectively. While other color suppressed tree-dominated decays have very small branching ratios. In general, the branching ratios of most decays are in the range of $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-8}$, which are bigger by one or two orders of magnitude than those predictions obtained in Isgur-Scora-Grinstein-Wise II model and in the covariant light-front approach, but consistent with the recent experimental measurements and the QCD factorization calculations. Since the decays with a tensor meson emitted from vacuum are prohibited in naive factorization, the contributions of nonfactorizable and annihilation diagrams are very important to these decays, which are calculable in our perturbative QCD approach. We also give predictions to the direct CP asymmetries, some of which are large enough for the future experiments to measure. Because we considered the mixing between $f_{2}$ and $f_{2}'$, the decay rates are enhanced significantly for some decays involving $f_{2}^{\prime}$ meson, even with a small mixing angle.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures
Demonstration and STEM Analysis of Ferroelectric Switching in MOCVD-Grown Single Crystalline Al$_{0.85}$Sc$_{0.15}$N
Creators: name: Wolff, Niklas
name: Schoenweger, Georg
name: Streicher, Isabel
name: Islam, Md Redwanul
name: Braun, Nils
name: Stranak, Patrik
name: Kirste, Lutz
name: Prescher, Mario
name: Lotnyk, Andriy
name: Kohlstedt, Hermann
name: Leone, Stefano
name: Kienle, Lorenz
name: Fichtner, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wurtzite-type Al$_{1-x}$Sc$_x$N solid solutions grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition are for the first time confirmed to be ferroelectric. The film with 230 nm thickness and x = 0.15 exhibits a coercive field of 5.5 MV/cm at a measurement frequency of 1.5 kHz. Single crystal quality and homogeneous chemical composition of the film was confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopic methods such as time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Annular bright field scanning transmission electron microscopy served to proof the ferroelectric polarization inversion on unit cell level. The single crystal quality further allowed to image the large-scale domain pattern of a wurtzite-type ferroelectric for the first time, revealing a predominantly cone-like domain shape along the c-axis of the material. As in previous work, this again implies the presence of strong polarization discontinuities along this crystallographic axis, which could be suitable for current transport. The domains are separated by narrow domain walls, for which an upper thickness limit of 3 nm was deduced, but which could potentially be atomically sharp. We are confident that these results will advance the commencing integration of wurtzite-type ferroelectrics to GaN as well as generally III-N based heterostructures and devices.
description: 5 Figures
O Lugar Dos Municípios No Planeamento E Gestão Da Rede Escolar Em Portugal
Creators: name: ﻿Cordeiro, António
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: Cordeiro, António M. R. 2014. O lugar dos Municípios no planeamento e gestão da rede escolar em Portugal. In 40 Anos de Políticas de Educação em Portugal: A Construção do Sistema Democrático de Ensino, ed. Maria de Lurdes Rodrigues (coord.), 421 - 444. ISBN: 9789724057859. Coimbra: Almedina
Sublimation of ices during the early evolution of Kuiper belt objects
Creators: name: Parhi, Adam
name: Prialnik, Dina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kuiper belt objects, such as Arrokoth, the probable progenitors of short-period comets, formed and evolved at large heliocentric distances, where the ambient temperatures appear to be sufficiently low for preserving volatile ices. By detailed numerical simulations, we follow the long-term evolution of small bodies, composed of amorphous water ice, dust, and ices of other volatile species that are commonly observed in comets. The heat sources are solar radiation and the decay of short-lived radionuclides. The bodies are highly porous and gases released in the interior flow through the porous medium. The most volatile ices, CO and CH$_4$ , are found to be depleted down to the center over a time scale on the order of 100 Myr. Sublimation fronts advance from the surface inward, and when the temperature in the inner part rises sufficiently, bulk sublimation throughout the interior reduces gradually the volatile ices content until they are completely lost. All the other ices survive, which is compatible with data collected by New Horizons on Arrokoth, showing the presence of methanol, and possibly, H$_2$O, CO$_2$, NH$_3$ and C$_2$H$_6$, but no hypervolatiles. The effect of short-lived radionuclides is to increase the sublimation equilibrium temperatures and reduce volatile depletion times. We consider the effect of the bulk density, abundance ratios and heliocentric distance. At 100~au, CO is depleted, but CH$_4$ survives to present time, except for a thin outer layer. Since CO is abundantly detected in comets, we conclude that the source of highly volatile species in active comets must be gas trapped in amorphous ice.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
New Deformed Heisenberg Algebra from the $μ$-Deformed Model of Dark Matter
Creators: name: Gavrilik, A. M.
name: Kachurik, I. I.
name: Nazarenko, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the $μ$-deformation-based approach to modeling dark matter, which exploits $μ$-deformed thermodynamics, was extended to the study of galaxy halo density profile and of the rotation curves of a number of (dwarf or low brightness) galaxies. For that goal, $μ$-deformed analogs of the Lane--Emden equation (LEE) have been proposed, and their solutions describing density profiles obtained. There are two seemingly different versions of $μ$-deformed LEE which possess the same solution, and so we deal with their equivalence. From the latter property we derive new, rather unusual, $μ$-deformed Heisenberg algebra (HA) for the position and momentum operators, and present the $μ$-HA in few possible forms (each one at $μ\to0$ recovers usual HA). The generalized uncertainty relation linked with the new $μ$-HA is studied, along with its interesting implications including the appearance of the quadruple of both maximal and minimal lengths and momenta.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, to appear in "Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences"
The luminosity functions of kilonovae from binary neutron star mergers under different equation of states
Creators: name: Zhao, Chunyang
name: Lu, Youjun
name: Chu, Qingbo
name: Zhao, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kilonovae produced by mergers of binary neutron stars (BNSs) are important transient events to be detected by time domain surveys with the alerts from the ground-based gravitational wave detectors. The observational properties of these kilonovae depend on the physical processes involved in the merging processes and the equation of state (EOS) of neutron stars (NSs). In this paper, we investigate the dependence of kilonova luminosities on the parameters of BNS mergers, and estimate the distribution functions of kilonova peak luminosities (KLFs) at the u, g, r, i, y, and z bands as well as its dependence on the NS EOS, by adopting a comprehensive semi-analytical model for kilonovae (calibrated by the observations of GW170817), a population synthesis model for the cosmic BNSs, and the ejecta properties of BNS mergers predicted by numerical simulations. We find that the kilonova light curves depend on both the BNS properties and the NS EOS, and the KLFs at the considered bands are bimodal with the bright components mostly contributed by BNS mergers with total mass $\lesssim 3.2M_\odot$/$2.8M_\odot$ and fainter components mostly contributed by BNS mergers with total mass $\gtrsim 3.2M_\odot$/$2.8M_\odot$ by assuming a stiff/soft (DD2/SLy) EOS. The emission of the kilonovae in the KLF bright components is mostly due to the radiation from the wind ejecta by the remnant discs of BNS mergers, while the emission of the kilonovae in the KLF faint components is mostly due to the radiation from the dynamical ejecta by the BNS mergers.
description: 28 pages, 16 figures, to appear in MNRAS
Determinants of Solar of Panel Adoption, Disadoption and Use in Malawi
Creators: name: Lindsey, Charles
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022
Subjects: solar
adoption

description: Malawi has one of the lowest rates of electricity access in the world with high rates of blackouts due to reliance on a hydropower system whose capacity is adversely affected by droughts and flooding . There has been a push to expand electricity access wi th solar energy seen as a sustainable path , particularly in rural settings. We use four waves of the nationally represent ative Malawi Integraged Household Survey (IHS) spanning the period 2010 to 2020 to examine determinants of household adoption and disadoption of solar panels . Specifically we explore trends in adoption, what energy services households are using solar pane ls for, characterisics of households who adopt, and from among those who adopt, who is likely to disadopt. Between 2010 and 2020 household adoption of solar panels increased from 1.2 % to 19.5 %, with higher rates of take - up in rural settings ( 21.7 % by 2020 ) compared to urban settings ( 9.8 % by 2020). Among those who adopt solar panels , fewer than 1% of households report using solar for lighting, suggesting that solar adoption does not necessarily equate to provision of lighting services. We find the househo lds most likely to adopt solar panel are in rural areas, are male headed , own a mobile phone , and own a tv or radi o . Policy makers seeking to improve energy access should consider not only uptake of solar panels but also patterns of use and re consider the assumption that rapid solar upt ak e will lead to provision of lighting services, a key dimension of household energy access
SODA: Protecting Proprietary Information in On-Device Machine Learning Models
Creators: name: Atrey, Akanksha
name: Sinha, Ritwik
name: Mitra, Saayan
name: Shenoy, Prashant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The growth of low-end hardware has led to a proliferation of machine learning-based services in edge applications. These applications gather contextual information about users and provide some services, such as personalized offers, through a machine learning (ML) model. A growing practice has been to deploy such ML models on the user's device to reduce latency, maintain user privacy, and minimize continuous reliance on a centralized source. However, deploying ML models on the user's edge device can leak proprietary information about the service provider. In this work, we investigate on-device ML models that are used to provide mobile services and demonstrate how simple attacks can leak proprietary information of the service provider. We show that different adversaries can easily exploit such models to maximize their profit and accomplish content theft. Motivated by the need to thwart such attacks, we present an end-to-end framework, SODA, for deploying and serving on edge devices while defending against adversarial usage. Our results demonstrate that SODA can detect adversarial usage with 89% accuracy in less than 50 queries with minimal impact on service performance, latency, and storage.
title: Final Environmental Assessment: Salmon hatchery programs in the Nooksack River basin and Georgia Strait
Creators: name: NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service West Coast Region
Publisher: name: NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service West Coast Region
Year: 2025

description: The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) and the Puget Sound treaty tribes jointly submitted 12 HGMPs for Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and chum salmon hatchery programs in the Nooksack River Basin in Puget Sound and the Georgia Strait as RMPs. These plans describe each hatchery program in detail, including fish life stages produced and potential measures to minimize risks of negative impacts that may affect ESA-listed fish. NMFS’ determination of whether the plans achieve the conservation standards of the ESA, as set forth in Limit 6 of the 4(d) Rule for listed salmon and steelhead, is the Federal action requiring National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) compliance. The analysis within the environmental assessment informs NMFS, hatchery operators, and the public about the existing and anticipated direct, indirect, and cumulative environmental effects of operating the 12 Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and chum salmon hatchery programs under the full range of alternatives.
Analyzing Activity and Suspension Patterns of Twitter Bots Attacking Turkish Twitter Trends by a Longitudinal Dataset
Creators: name: Elmas, Tuğrulcan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Twitter bots amplify target content in a coordinated manner to make them appear popular, which is an astroturfing attack. Such attacks promote certain keywords to push them to Twitter trends to make them visible to a broader audience. Past work on such fake trends revealed a new astroturfing attack named ephemeral astroturfing that employs a very unique bot behavior in which bots post and delete generated tweets in a coordinated manner. As such, it is easy to mass-annotate such bots reliably, making them a convenient source of ground truth for bot research. In this paper, we detect and disclose over 212,000 such bots targeting Turkish trends, which we name astrobots. We also analyze their activity and suspension patterns. We found that Twitter purged those bots en-masse 6 times since June 2018. However, the adversaries reacted quickly and deployed new bots that were created years ago. We also found that many such bots do not post tweets apart from promoting fake trends, which makes it challenging for bot detection methods to detect them. Our work provides insights into platforms' content moderation practices and bot detection research. The dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/tugrulz/EphemeralAstroturfing.
description: Accepted to Cyber Social Threats (CySoc) 2023 colocated with WebConf23
Higher Energy Composite Fermion Levels in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Creators: name: Rhone, Trevor D.
name: Majumder, Dwipesh
name: Dennis, Brian S.
name: Hirjibehedin, Cyrus
name: Dujovne, Irene
name: Groshaus, Javier G.
name: Gallais, Yann
name: Jain, Jainendra K.
name: Mandal, Sudhansu S.
name: Pinczuk, Aron
name: Pfeiffer, Loren
name: West, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even though composite fermions in the fractional quantum Hall liquid are well established, it is not yet known up to what energies they remain intact. We probe the high-energy spectrum of the 1/3 liquid directly by resonant inelastic light scattering, and report the observation of a large number of new collective modes. Supported by our theoretical calculations, we associate these with transitions across two or more composite fermions levels. The formation of quasiparticle levels up to high energies is direct evidence for the robustness of topological order in the fractional quantum Hall effect.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Search for Single Top tW Associated Production in the Dilepton Channel at CMS
Creators: name: Ott, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first study of the single top quark W-associated production (tW) in proton-proton collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV, using data collected with the CMS experiment. The search is performed in the dileptonic final states ee/eμ/μμ with a selection based on kinematical properties and b-tagging information. The contribution of the Z+jets processes to the background is estimated from a sideband in data. Two ttbar dominated control regions are used to constrain the normalization of top quark pair production in the signal region. An excess of events over the expected background is observed. Assigning this excess to events from tW production, the extracted tW cross section is in agreement with the Standard Model expectation.
description: Presented at the 2011 Hadron Collider Physics symposium (HCP-2011), Paris, France, November 14-18 2011, 3 pages, 3 figures
High Contrast Imaging With Extreme Adaptive Optics
Creators: name: Milli, Julien
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: In the last 3 years, extreme adaptive optics (XAO) systems entered into operation. They explore a new regime in terms of inner working angle and contrast. After introducing the science case and technical requirements, we will review the architecture of XAO systems, before presenting a few selected science highlights obtained on disks and planet formation with instruments such as SPHERE, GPI, SCEXAO and MagAO.
description: Acknowledgments: D. Mawet, D. Mouillet, A-M. Lagrange, J-L. Beuzit
Children's perspectives of safety in their neighbourhood
Creators: name: Negreiros, Juliana
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The main purpose of this study was to explore, understand, and describe children’s perspectives of safety in their neighbourhood. Participants included 15 children aged 7 to 9 years, who lived in a neighbourhood in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia characterized by high crime rate and characteristics associated with high vulnerability. The methodology used was symbolic interactionism. Data collection included individual and collective drawing activities and semi-structured group interviews conducted across three group sessions. Field notes and memos were used to document the data analysis process, in addition to peer debriefing sessions. A constant comparison method guided the coding, categorization, and analysis of all data, which were reviewed by a peer audit. Through the social interaction in groups, children co-constructed the meanings of safety, enriching the discussions and expanding the findings. Two interrelated core categories emerged: protective conditions that serve to help the children prevent or avoid risky events. Protective conditions were associated with places and people the children perceived as protective and with protective actions taken and protective accessories used to prevent harm. Risky events included neighbourhood disorder, crime, contact with strangers, and accidents. The fear of exposure to such events could result in harm and, consequently, damage children’s sense of well-being. The dynamic relationship between the obverse meanings of safety -safe and unsafe- contributed to children’s understanding of this concept. It is suggested that the social context where the children live and the social interaction among participants shaped their perspectives of safety. While examples of extreme dangerous situations, descriptions of safety rules taught by adults, and media violence illustrated children’s “negative” perspectives of safety, a few participants indicated that supportive relationships promoted sense of security. Implications of these findings for parents, psychologists, and other professionals working with children suggest efforts to (a) understand and recognize the benefits and risks of teaching children strategies to protect themselves, (b) promote positive and stable relationships within the child’s proximal environments (family, school, and neighbourhood), and (c) reduce situations in the neighbourhood associated with disorder as children perceive themselves as unable to maintain their sense of well-being.
On the conditions to extend Ricci flow(II)
Creators: name: Wang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop some estimates under the Ricci flow and use these estimates to study the blowup rates of curvatures at singularities. As applications, we obtain some gap theorems: $\displaystyle \sup_X |Ric|$ and $\displaystyle \sqrt{\sup_X |Rm|} \cdot \sqrt{\sup_X |R|}$ must blowup at least at the rate of type-I. Our estimates also imply some gap theorems for shrinking Ricci solitons.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures; Int Math Res Notices (2011)
A Simple Rewrite System for the Normalization of Linear Temporal Logic
Creators: name: Esparza, Javier
name: Rubio, Ruben
name: Sickert, Salomon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the mid 80s, Lichtenstein, Pnueli, and Zuck showed that every formula of Past LTL (the extension of Linear Temporal Logic with past operators) is equivalent to a conjunction of formulas of the form $\mathbf{G}\mathbf{F} φ\vee \mathbf{F}\mathbf{G} ψ$, where $φ$ and $ψ$ contain only past operators. Some years later, Chang, Manna, and Pnueli derived a similar normal form for LTL. Both normalization procedures have a non-elementary worst-case blow-up, and follow an involved path from formulas to counter-free automata to star-free regular expressions and back to formulas. In 2020, Sickert and Esparza presented a direct and purely syntactic normalization procedure for LTL yielding a normal form similar to the one by Chang, Manna, and Pnueli, with a single exponential blow-up, and applied it to the problem of constructing a succinct deterministic $ω$-automaton for a given formula. However, their procedure had exponential time complexity in the best case. In particular, it does not perform better for formulas that are almost in normal form. In this paper we present an alternative normalization procedure based on a simple set of rewrite rules.
On the Unification of Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Elitzur, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inevitable spread in properties of the toroidal obscuration of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) invalidates the widespread notion that type 1 and 2 AGNs are intrinsically the same objects, drawn randomly from the distribution of torus covering factors. Instead, AGNs are drawn \emph{preferentially} from this distribution; type 2 are more likely drawn from the distribution higher end, type 1 from its lower end. Type 2 AGNs have a higher IR luminosity, lower narrow-line luminosity and a higher fraction of Compton thick X-ray obscuration than type 1. Meaningful studies of unification statistics cannot be conducted without first determining the intrinsic distribution function of torus covering factors.
description: ApJ Letters, to be published. This is the final, journal version; minor editing revisions from original one
Intrinsic/Extrinsic Density-Ellipticity Correlations and Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing
Creators: name: Hui, Lam
name: Zhang, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute both extrinsic (lensing) and intrinsic contributions to the (galaxy-)density-ellipticity correlation function, the latter done using current analytic theories of tidal alignment. The gravitational lensing contribution has two components: one is analogous to galaxy-galaxy lensing and the other arises from magnification bias -- that gravitational lensing induces a modulation of the galaxy density as well as ellipticity. On the other hand, the intrinsic alignment contribution vanishes, even after taking into account source clustering corrections, which suggests the density-ellipticity correlation might be an interesting diagnostic in differentiating between intrinsic and extrinsic alignments. {\it However}, an important assumption, commonly adopted by current analytic alignment theories, is the Gaussianity of the tidal field. Inevitable non-Gaussian fluctuations from gravitational instability induces a non-zero intrinsic density-ellipticity correlation, which we estimate. We also argue that non-Gaussian contributions to the intrinsic {\it ellipticity-ellipticity} correlation are often non-negligible. This leads to a linear rather than, as is commonly assumed, quadratic scaling with the power spectrum on sufficiently large scales. Finally, we estimate the contribution of intrinsic alignment to low redshift galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements (e.g. SDSS), due to the partial overlap between foreground and background galaxies: the intrinsic contamination is about 10 - 30 % at 10'. Uncertainties in this estimate are discussed.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ
Multiple imputation for sharing precise geographies in public use data
Creators: name: Wang, Hao
name: Reiter, Jerome P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When releasing data to the public, data stewards are ethically and often legally obligated to protect the confidentiality of data subjects' identities and sensitive attributes. They also strive to release data that are informative for a wide range of secondary analyses. Achieving both objectives is particularly challenging when data stewards seek to release highly resolved geographical information. We present an approach for protecting the confidentiality of data with geographic identifiers based on multiple imputation. The basic idea is to convert geography to latitude and longitude, estimate a bivariate response model conditional on attributes, and simulate new latitude and longitude values from these models. We illustrate the proposed methods using data describing causes of death in Durham, North Carolina. In the context of the application, we present a straightforward tool for generating simulated geographies and attributes based on regression trees, and we present methods for assessing disclosure risks with such simulated data.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS506 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Gravitationally Induced Neutrino-Oscillation Phases
Creators: name: Ahluwalia, D. V.
name: Burgard, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this essay, we introduce a new effect of gravitationally induced quantum mechanical phases in neutrino oscillations. These phases arise from an hitherto unexplored interplay of gravitation and the principle of the linear superposition of quantum mechanics. In the neighborhood of a 1.4 solar-mass neutron star, gravitationally induced quantum mechanical phases are roughly 20% of their kinematical counterparts. When this information is coupled with the mass square differences implied by the existing neutrino-oscillation data we find that the new effect may have profound consequences for type-II supernova evolution.
description: First Prize Gravity Research Foundation Essay (1996). Added two appendices. Appendix A: Erratum. Appendix B: Neutrino oscillations as a new energy transport mechanism for supernova explosions (taken from a 1996 JRO Fellowship proposal)
Validating policy ratings : the substantive aspect of construct validity for ratings of school tobacco policies
Creators: name: Zeisser, Cornelia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This dissertation investigated the substantive aspect of construct validity in the context of Canadian school tobacco policy ratings. The objective was to provide a better understanding of score meaning via the process of expert rater responding while rating school tobacco policies. Study one described Canadian school tobacco policies and identified policy characteristics. Written tobacco policies (N=196) were obtained from schools and boards across 10 Canadian provinces that participated in the Youth Smoking Survey. Policies were coded to identify characteristics associated with effectiveness in preventing student tobacco use. Smoking prevention education and cessation access were identified as key policy components that need to be addressed more strongly. Policy characteristics identified in study one formed the basis for study two. The objective of study two was to examine the cognitive processes that generate raters’ responses, identify rating obstacles and how raters overcome them. A think-aloud protocol was conducted with two expert tobacco policy raters who rated 12 tobacco policies using the Stephens & English rubric. Policies were sampled to reflect characteristics (type, length and comprehensiveness) identified in study one. Transcripts were coded to identify super-categories (rater behaviors), main categories (major cognitive processes at the item level) and subcategories to describe main processes in more detail. Categories and their interrelationships, rating obstacles and raters’ coping strategies are presented and a series of cognitive process models of rating is proposed. Findings suggest that raters use similar main processes explainable by similar sub-processes regardless of policy type rated. There was variation in rating obstacles and rater coping when different policy types were rated. The cognitive process models contribute to the substantive aspect of construct validity by providing explanations for score variation and enhancing understanding of score meaning. Explanation is sufficient when policies are comprehensive but is limited if based on short, less comprehensive policies. Implications for practice and policy recommendations are discussed.
Field theory of scaling lattice models. The Potts antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Delfino, Gesualdo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to what happens for ferromagnets, the lattice structure participates in a crucial way to determine existence and type of critical behaviour in antiferromagnetic systems. It is an interesting question to investigate how the memory of the lattice survives in the field theory describing a scaling antiferromagnet. We discuss this issue for the square lattice three-state Potts model, whose scaling limit as T->0 is argued to be described exactly by the sine-Gordon field theory at a specific value of the coupling. The solution of the scaling ferromagnetic case is recalled for comparison. The field theory describing the crossover from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic behaviour is also introduced.
description: 11 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Statistical Field Theories, Como 18-23 June 2001
Understanding Relationships between Diversified Farming Systems and Food and Nutritional Security in Bolivia
Creators: name: Clements, Jourdan
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: agroecology
nutrition

description: Small farms are vital to global food systems and supply the majority of nutrients consumed in low- and middle-income countries. Family farms in the Global South vary widely in their management characteristics and socioeconomic conditions, which affect the sustainability of their livelihoods. Managing high levels of crop and livestock diversity sustains key ecosystem functions that can improve farm productivity, and, in turn, shape household livelihoods through multiple pathways. For instance, diversified farming systems can contribute directly to food security and dietary diversity through consumption of foods produced on the farm, and indirectly through factors such as increasing income. However, there are critical gaps in our understanding of the complex relationships through which farm diversity, and its associated ecosystem functions, shape livelihoods. To address this gap, we conducted an analysis of data from an in-depth survey on farm management and household food consumption conducted with households across two ruralurban continuums in El Alto and Montero, Bolivia. Using these data, we created a diversified farming systems index based on indicators including crop and livestock diversity, soil management practices, and use of external agricultural inputs at the household level. We then tested for relationships between the index and crop yield, food security, and dietary diversity (as an indicator of the nutritional quality of diets), while controlling for key covariates such as wealth quintile and educational attainment. Results of this analysis indicate unique differences in outcomes for our two regions of interest, which highlights the significance of diversified farming practices on shaping food security and diet diversity across regions with differing environmental and socio-political contexts. Diversified farming systems were significantly associated with higher dietary diversity and lower food insecurity in El Alto, a region with relatively greater household farm production, which supports the importance of farm-scale diversity in populations more reliant on agriculture. These findings advance our understanding of the relationships between agrobiodiversity, agricultural management practices, and household livelihoods, which can inform improved policies to promote more sustainable and multifunctional agricultural systems.
HI properties of nearby galaxies from a volume-limited sample
Creators: name: Karachentsev, I. D.
name: Makarov, D. I.
name: Huchtmeier, W. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider global HI and optical properties of about three hundred nearby galaxies with V$_0 < 500$ km/s. The majority of them have individual photometric distance estimates. The galaxy sample parameters, e.g. their linear diameters, their HI mass-to-luminosity ratio, their total mass-to-luminosity ratio, their mean optical surface brightness show some known and some new correlations implying a meaningful dynamic explanation. For the LV galaxies their HI mass and angular momentum follow a nearly linear relation expected for rotating gaseous disks being near the threashold of gravitational instability, favourable for active star formation.
description: 5 pages, 9 figures, uses laa.sty accepted by A&A Suppl. Series