cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Noncommutative $C^k$ functions and Fréchet derivatives of operator functions
Creators: name: Nikitopoulos, Evangelos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A60, 47A56, 26E15 (Primary) 46E35, 46L89 (Secondary)

description: Fix a unital $C^*$-algebra $\mathscr{A}$, and write $\mathscr{A}_{sa}$ for the set of self-adjoint elements of $\mathscr{A}$. Also, if $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{C}$ is a continuous function, then write $f_\mathscr{A}:\mathscr{A}_{sa}\to\mathscr{A}$ for the operator function $a\mapsto f(a)$ defined via functional calculus. In this paper, we introduce and study a space $NC^k(\mathbb{R})$ of $C^k$ functions $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{C}$ such that, no matter the choice of $\mathscr{A}$, the operator function $f_\mathscr{A}:\mathscr{A}_{sa}\to\mathscr{A}$ is $k$-times continuously Fréchet differentiable. In other words, if $f\in NC^k(\mathbb{R})$, then $f$ "lifts" to a $C^k$ map $f_\mathscr{A}:\mathscr{A}_{sa}\to\mathscr{A}$, for any (possibly noncommutative) unital $C^*$-algebra $\mathscr{A}$. For this reason, we call $NC^k(\mathbb{R})$ the space of noncommutative $C^k$ functions. Our proof that $f_\mathscr{A}\in C^k(\mathscr{A}_{sa};\mathscr{A})$, which requires only knowledge of the Fréchet derivatives of polynomials and operator norm estimates for "multiple operator integrals" (MOIs), is more elementary than the standard approach; nevertheless, $NC^k(\mathbb{R})$ contains all functions for which comparable results are known. Specifically, we prove that $NC^k(\mathbb{R})$ contains the homogeneous Besov space $\dot{B}_1^{k,\infty}(\mathbb{R})$ and the Hölder space $C_{loc}^{k,\varepsilon}(\mathbb{R})$. We highlight, however, that the results in this paper are the first of their type to be proven for arbitrary unital $C^*$-algebras, and that the extension to such a general setting makes use of the author's recent resolution of certain "separability issues" with the definition of MOIs. Finally, we prove by exhibiting specific examples that $W_k(\mathbb{R})_{loc}\subsetneq NC^k(\mathbb{R})\subsetneq C^k(\mathbb{R})$, where $W_k(\mathbb{R})_{loc}$ is the "localized" $k^{th}$ Wiener space.
description: 36 pages. This version has been updated to match the published version, aside from the correction of some typos (most importantly, in some powers of zeta and xi in the proof of Lemma 3.4.4) and the adjustment of some references
Cylindrical Superlens by a Coordinate Transformation
Creators: name: Yan, Min
name: Yan, Wei
name: Qiu, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cylinder-shaped perfect lens deduced from the coordinate transformation method is proposed. The previously reported perfect slab lens is noticed to be a limiting form of the cylindrical lens when the inner radius approaches infinity with respect to the lens thickness. Connaturality between a cylindrical lens and a slab lens is affirmed by comparing their eigenfield transfer functions. We numerically confirm the subwavelength focusing capability of such a cylindrical lens with consideration of material imperfection. Compared to a slab lens, a cylindrical lens has several advantages, including finiteness in cross-section, and ability in lensing with magnification or demagnification. Immediate applications of such a cylindrical lens can be in high-resolution imaging and lithography technologies. In addition, its invisibility property suggests that it may be valuable for non-invasive electromagnetic probing.
description: Minor changes to conform with the published version
Handling time-dependent exposures and confounders when estimating attributable fractions -- bridging the gap between multistate and counterfactual modeling
Creators: name: Steen, Johan
name: Morzywolek, Pawel
name: Van Biesen, Wim
name: Decruyenaere, Johan
name: Vansteelandt, Stijn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The population-attributable fraction (PAF) expresses the proportion of events that can be ascribed to a certain exposure in a certain population. It can be strongly time-dependent because either exposure incidence or excess risk may change over time. Competing events may moreover hinder the outcome of interest from being observed. Occurrence of either of these events may, in turn, prevent the exposure of interest. Estimation approaches therefore need to carefully account for the timing of events in such highly dynamic settings. The use of multistate models has been widely encouraged to eliminate preventable yet common types of time-dependent bias. Even so, it has been pointed out that proposed multistate modeling approaches for PAF estimation fail to fully eliminate such bias. In addition, assessing whether patients die from rather than with a certain exposure not only requires adequate modeling of the timing of events but also of their confounding factors. While proposed multistate modeling approaches for confounding adjustment may adequately accommodate baseline imbalances, unlike g-methods, these proposals are not generally equipped to handle time-dependent confounding. However, the connection between multistate modeling and g-methods (e.g. inverse probability of censoring weighting) for PAF estimation is not readily apparent. In this paper, we provide a weighting-based characterization of both approaches to illustrate this connection, to pinpoint current shortcomings of multistate modeling, and to enhance intuition into simple modifications to overcome these. R code is made available to foster the uptake of g-methods for PAF estimation.
Revisiting graph neural networks and distance encoding from a practical view
Creators: name: Yin, Haoteng
name: Wang, Yanbang
name: Li, Pan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used in the applications based on graph structured data, such as node classification and link prediction. However, GNNs are often used as a black-box tool and rarely get in-depth investigated regarding whether they fit certain applications that may have various properties. A recently proposed technique distance encoding (DE) (Li et al. 2020) magically makes GNNs work well in many applications, including node classification and link prediction. The theory provided in (Li et al. 2020) supports DE by proving that DE improves the representation power of GNNs. However, it is not obvious how the theory assists the applications accordingly. Here, we revisit GNNs and DE from a more practical point of view. We want to explain how DE makes GNNs fit for node classification and link prediction. Specifically, for link prediction, DE can be viewed as a way to establish correlations between a pair of node representations. For node classification, the problem becomes more complicated as different classification tasks may hold node labels that indicate different physical meanings. We focus on the most widely-considered node classification scenarios and categorize the node labels into two types, community type and structure type, and then analyze different mechanisms that GNNs adopt to predict these two types of labels. We also run extensive experiments to compare eight different configurations of GNNs paired with DE to predict node labels over eight real-world graphs. The results demonstrate the uniform effectiveness of DE to predict structure-type labels. Lastly, we reach three pieces of conclusions on how to use GNNs and DE properly in tasks of node classification.
Additional file 1 of Knowledge and attitudes regarding amblyopia among parents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Basheikh, Ahmed
name: Alhibshi, Nizar
name: Motaz Bamakrid
name: Baqais, Rasha
name: Basendwah, Mohammed
name: Howldar, Sara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. The questionnaire used in the study that was developed by the authors and underwent face and content validity.
Gluon Vortices and Induced Magnetic Field in Compact Stars
Creators: name: Ferrer, Efrain J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The natural candidates for the realization of color superconductivity are the extremely dense cores of compact stars, many of which have very large magnetic fields, especially the so-called magnetars. In this paper we discuss how a color superconducting core can serve to generate and enhance the stellar magnetic field without appealing to a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo mechanism.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of the VII Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications. Cusco (Peru) June 2007
Gravity dual of 1+1 dimensional Bjorken expansion
Creators: name: Kajantie, K.
name: Louko, Jorma
name: Tahkokallio, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the application of AdS/CFT duality to longitudinal boost invariant Bjorken expansion of QCD matter produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. As the exact (1+4)-dimensional bulk solutions for the (1+3)-dimensional boundary theory are not known, we investigate in detail the (1+1)-dimensional boundary theory, where the bulk is AdS_3 gravity. We find an exact bulk solution, show that this solution describes part of the spinless Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole with the angular dimension unwrapped, and use the thermodynamics of the BTZ hole to recover the time-dependent temperature and entropy density on the boundary. After separating from the holographic energy-momentum tensor a vacuum contribution, given by the extremal black hole limit in the bulk, we find that the boundary fluid is an ideal gas in local thermal equilibrium. Including angular momentum in the bulk gives a boundary flow that is boost invariant but has a nonzero longitudinal velocity with respect to the Bjorken expansion.
description: 21 pages, 2 igures. v4: Typos corrected. Published version
Epatiti autoimmuni in età pediatrica
Creators: name: Fiorentino, Francesco
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: The autoimmune liver pathology in childhood even if it have, less  epidemiologic importance if comparate with adulthood disease it  represents an interesting chapter  of hepatic pathology for the pathogenetic problem and therapeutic options.
AIH can be defined as an inflammatory liver disease characterized histologically by a dense mononuclear cell infiltrate in the portal tract and serologically by the presence of non-organ and liver-specific autoantibodies, high transaminases and increased levels of IgG, in the absence of a known etiology. It usually responds to immunosuppressive treatment, which should be instituted as soon as diagnosis is made. Three types of autoimmune hepatitis have been proposed based on immunoserological markers: type I ANAor ASMA positive, type II  LKM1 positive, type III SLA/LP (soluble liver antigen / liver-pancreas).
Our aim is: morphologic  and immunohistichemystry  study  for caratterizzation  of  Lymphocytic, often lymphoplasmacytic, infiltrates in the liver;
histological difference  between viral hepatitis and AIH  in childhood.
We selected a total of 14 children  with evident  clinical and/or biochemical evidence of liver disease associated with circulating autoantibodies, with averange age between 3and 14 years,all was derived from pediadric department of University Federico II of Napoli. Ryspectivelly 10 AIH typeI; and 4 AIH type II (LKM1). For control  we have choosed 10  (of patients in childood  age)  hcv  positinve biopsies, for compare, evaluation ,  and distiction between lymphocyte appraisal among AIH and chronic hepatitis  of known  cause. This evaluation was made with follow  immunohistichemystry  markers, TIA-1 (T cytotoxic marker), CD20(B marker), UCHL-1(T marker), GRANZYME-B(T cytotoxic marker), CD138 (plasmacell marker), CD3 (T marker), HLA-DR, beside also grading and staging was assessed.
Results and conclusion: 10 cases have moderate score; 3 with low and 1 with  high score.
Immunohistichemystry analyse have showed no particular difference (exept for TIA-1 marker) between AIH and HCV control. Was confirm lobular and portal  cell infiltrate is constitute (in majority part) by T (CD3 e UCHL1), both in AIH whether HCV.
Le nuove organizzazioni internazionali regionali e il sistema Nazioni Unite
Creators: name: Luongo, Giuliano
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2015

description: The new regional international organizations and the United Nations system
The establishment and progressive affirmation of the role of regional international organizations representing the interests of newly industrialized or developing countries is a clear indicator of how the global order is shifting more and more towards a multipolar setting. In this short paper, we will focus on the presence of such organizations in the UN system, as a simple metric useful to observe the recognition of the role of these organizations in the international community.
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (2014)
Le basi ideologiche dell’unità anglosassone mondiale
Creators: name: Scalea, Daniele
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2015

description: The ideological basis of the worldwide Anglo-Saxon unity
The special relationship between the five Anglo-Saxon countries (USA, UK,
Australia, Canada and New Zealand), established during the Second World War and still working nowadays (as the Datagate affair proves), has its ideological basis in a debate about the British Empire’s constitution born in pre-independence North-American colonies in late 18th century and then continued in Great Britain during the 19th century. That debate, starting from whig constitutionalism, has subsequently embarked Romantic nationalism resulting in themes such as “Greater Britain” and “Imperial Federation”. By way of the Milnerite’s Round Table, the original constitutional topic has come back in the US under a new guise of Anglo-Saxon nationalism.
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (2014)
Itô's formula for noncommutative $C^2$ functions of free Itô processes
Creators: name: Nikitopoulos, Evangelos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L54, 47A60, 60H05

description: In a recent paper, the author introduced a rich class $NC^k(\mathbb{R})$ of "noncommutative $C^k$" functions $\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{C}$ whose operator functional calculus is $k$-times differentiable and has derivatives expressible in terms of multiple operator integrals (MOIs). In the present paper, we explore a connection between free stochastic calculus and the theory of MOIs by proving an Itô formula for noncommutative $C^2$ functions of self-adjoint free Itô processes. To do this, we first extend P. Biane and R. Speicher's theory of free stochastic calculus -- including their free Itô formula for polynomials -- to allow free Itô processes driven by multidimensional semicircular Brownian motions. Then, in the self-adjoint case, we reinterpret the objects appearing in the free Itô formula for polynomials in terms of MOIs. This allows us to enlarge the class of functions for which one can formulate and prove a free Itô formula from the space originally considered by Biane and Speicher (Fourier transforms of complex measures with two finite moments) to the strictly larger space $NC^2(\mathbb{R})$. Along the way, we also obtain a useful "traced" Itô formula for arbitrary $C^2$ scalar functions of self-adjoint free Itô processes. Finally, as motivation, we study an Itô formula for $C^2$ scalar functions of $N \times N$ Hermitian matrix Itô processes.
description: 39 pages. References to n-tuples of *-freely independent (semi)circular Brownian motions have been changed to references to n-dimensional (semi)circular Brownian motions in accordance with the erratum. In addition, some typos have been corrected, and some references have been adjusted. Otherwise, this version matches the published version
Axion Quark Nuggets. Dark Matter and Matter-Antimatter asymmetry: theory, observations and future experiments
Creators: name: Zhitnitsky, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a testable, the axion quark nugget (AQN) model outside of the standard WIMP paradigm. The model was originally invented to explain the observed similarity between the dark and the visible components, $Ω_{\rm DM}\approx Ω_{\rm visible}$ in a natural way as both types of matter are formed during the same QCD transition and proportional to the same dimensional fundamental parameter of the system, $Λ_{\rm QCD}$. In this framework the baryogenesis is actually a charge segregation (rather than charge generation) process which is operational due to the $\cal{CP}$-odd axion field,while the global baryon number of the Universe remains zero. The nuggets and anti-nuggets are strongly interacting but macroscopically large objects with approximately nuclear density. We overview several specific recent applications of this framework. First, we discuss the "solar corona mystery" when the so-called nanoflares are identified with the AQN annihilation events in corona. Secondly, we review a proposal that the recently observed by the Telescope Array puzzling events is a result of the annihilation events of the AQNs under thunderstorm. Finally, we overview a broadband strategy which could lead to the discovery the AQN-induced axions representing the heart of the construction.
description: invited brief review to be published in MPLA
First Principles Calculations of Spin-Dependent Conductance of Graphene Flakes
Creators: name: Sahin, Hasan
name: Senger, Ramazan Tugrul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using ab initio density functional theory and quantum transport calculations based on nonequilibrium Green's function formalism we study structural, electronic, and transport properties of hydrogen-terminated short graphene nanoribbons (graphene flakes) and their functionalization with vanadium atoms. Rectangular graphene flakes are stable, having geometric and electronic structures quite similar to that of extended graphene nanoribbons. We show that a spin-polarized current can be produced by pure, hydrogenated rectangular graphene flakes by exploiting the spatially-separated edge states of the flake using asymmetric, non-magnetic contacts. Functionalization of the graphene flake with magnetic adatoms such as vanadium also leads to spin-polarized currents even with symmetric contacts. We observe and discuss sharp discontinuities in the transmission spectra which arise from Fano resonances of localized states in the flake.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Phys. Rev. B 78, issue 20 (Accepted, in production); http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.205423
Magnetic Phases in Dense Quark Matter
Creators: name: de la Incera, Vivian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper I discuss the magnetic phases of the three-flavor color superconductor. These phases can take place at different field strengths in a highly dense quark system. Given that the best natural candidates for the realization of color superconductivity are the extremely dense cores of neutron stars, which typically have very large magnetic fields, the magnetic phases here discussed could have implications for the physics of these compact objects.
description: Presented at VII Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications, El Cusco, Peru, June 2007
La Russia come attore indispensabile nella politica mondiale
Creators: name: Volodin, Andrej
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2015

description: Russia as an essential actor for global politics
The end of the bipolar system, with its competitive charge between the two blocs, started a phase of stasis in the global system. Furthermore, the new global system is chaotic because of the lack of a preparatory and consensual work supporting the transition from the earlier regime of international relations. The US-driven North-Atlantic bloc is losing its hegemony and a new ensemble of States looking for a greater role for themselves is appearing on the international scene. If the first level of States is composed by the United States, the Western Europe, Russia, China, Japan, India and Brazil, the second is composed by Egypt, Venezuela, Argentina, Indonesia, Turkey and other more. In this context, Russia has the essential role of “equalizer”,
while waiting for the completion of a multipolar order.
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (2014)
Riemann surfaces, ribbon graphs and combinatorial classes
Creators: name: Mondello, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32G15, 30F30, 30F45

description: This survey paper begins with the description of the duality between arc systems and ribbon graphs embedded in a punctured surface. Then we explain how to cellularize the moduli space of curves in two different ways: using Jenkins-Strebel differentials and using hyperbolic geometry. We also briefly discuss how these two methods are related. Next, we recall the definition of Witten cycles and we illustrate their connection with tautological classes and Weil-Petersson geometry. Finally, we exhibit a simple direct argument to prove that Witten classes are stable.
description: LaTeX 2(e), 69 pages, 18 figures
Heterologous autoimmunity and prokaryotic immune defense
Creators: name: Chen, Hanrong
name: Mayer, Andreas
name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some prokaryotes possess CRISPR-Cas systems that provide adaptive immunity to viruses guided by DNA segments called spacers acquired from invading phage. However, the patchy incidence and limited memory breadth of CRISPR-Cas systems suggest that their fitness benefits are offset by costs. Here, we propose that cross-reactive CRISPR targeting can lead to heterologous autoimmunity, whereby foreign spacers guide self-targeting in a spacer-length dependent fashion. Balancing antiviral defense against autoimmunity predicts a scaling relation between spacer length and CRISPR repertoire size. We find evidence for this scaling through comparative analysis of sequenced prokaryotic genomes, and show that this association also holds at the level of CRISPR types. In contrast, the scaling is absent in strains with nonfunctional CRISPR loci. Finally, we demonstrate that stochastic spacer loss can explain variations around the scaling relation, even between strains of the same species. Our results suggest that heterologous autoimmunity is a selective factor shaping the evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems.
description: Revised manuscript with additional robustness checks. 11 pages with 4 figures + 10 pages supplement with 11 figures
title: การศึกษาขีดความสามารถในการแข่งขันของธุรกิจการท่องเที่ยวในกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ลุ่มน้ำโขง
Creators: name: พรลภัส สุวรรณรัตน์
Publisher: name: งานวารสาร มหาวิทยาลัยนครพนม
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: ความสามารถในการแข่งขัน
ชาติพันธุ์ลุ่มน้ำโขง
การท่องเที่ยว
การพัฒนาการท่องเที่ยว
การท่องเที่ยวเชิงชาติพันธุ์

description: วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยนครพนม, 14, 2, 111-126
Additional file 2 of Knowledge and attitudes regarding amblyopia among parents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Basheikh, Ahmed
name: Alhibshi, Nizar
name: Motaz Bamakrid
name: Baqais, Rasha
name: Basendwah, Mohammed
name: Howldar, Sara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Factors associated with knowledge level about amblyopia (N=401).
L’immagine si fa memoria: la mostra Rhome. Sguardi e memorie migranti
Creators: name: Leonardi, Sandra
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2015

description: Rhome. Sguardi e memorie migranti è la mostra fotografica tenutasi
presso il Museo di Roma a Palazzo Braschi (dal 12 febbraio al 30 marzo
2014), che ha consentito ai visitatori di confrontarsi con la visione della città
attraverso un viaggio emozionale nella memoria dei luoghi e nei luoghi della
memoria dei migranti.
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (2014)
Additional file 1 of Early anterior cingulate involvement is seen in presymptomatic MAPT P301L mutation carriers
Creators: name: Clarke, Mica T. M.
name: St-Onge, Frédéric
name: Jean-Mathieu Beauregard
name: Bocchetta, Martina
name: Todd, Emily
name: Cash, David M.
name: Rohrer, Jonathan D.
name: Laforce, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Neuroscience

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves illustrate the capacity for A) anterior cingulate SUVR of [18F] FDG, B) anterior cingulate volume expressed as a percentage of TIV and C) combined anterior cingulate SUVR and volume biomarkers to distinguish P301L MAPT mutation carriers from controls.
Social Choice for Social Good: Proposals for Democratic Innovation from Computer Science
Creators: name: Goelz, Paul
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Theoretical Computer Science

description: Driven by shortcomings of current democratic systems, practitioners and political scientists are exploring democratic innovations, i.e., institutions for decision-making that more directly involve constituents. In this thesis, we support this exploration using tools from computer science, via three approaches: we design practical algorithms for use in democratic innovations, we mathematically analyze the fairness properties of proposed decision-making processes, and we identify extensions of such processes that satisfy desirable properties. Our work mixes techniques from computational social choice, algorithms, optimization, probabilistic modeling, and empirical analysis. In Part I, we apply the frst two approaches to citizens’ assemblies, which are randomly selected panels of constituents who deliberate on a policy issue. We analyze existing algorithms for the random selection of these assemblies, and we design new algorithms for this task that are provably fair and now widely used in practice. In addition, we design algorithms for partitioning assembly members into deliberation groups, which allow more members to interact than before. Part II identifes extensions to liquid democracy and legislative apportionment. First, we demonstrate that a variant of liquid democracy, in which agents are asked for two potential delegates rather than a single delegate, reduces the concentration of power observed in classic liquid democracy. Second, we extend legislative elections over parties to approval ballots, and give apportionment methods for this setting that satisfy strong proportionality axioms. Finally, we extend a proposal for the randomized apportionment of legislative seats over states to satisfy additional monotonicity axioms. In Part III of this thesis, we engage with a specifc policy topic, refugee resettlement. We design algorithms for allocating resettled refugees to localities in a country, which improves these refugees’ chances of fnding employment over the status quo and is now being used by a major US resettlement agency
Dynamic models of decision making by fishermen
Creators: name: Lane, Daniel Edward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis examines the dynamic decision making behavior of fishermen. Two models are developed: (l) an intraseasonal model of vessel movement on the fishing ground during each season; and (2) an interseasonal model for investment decision making from year to year. Both decision models are driven by single economic objectives and the fisherman-decision maker is assumed to make rational choices to optimize the stated objective. In this competitive market intraseasonal decisions are assumed to be made in the short-run to maximize the net operating income of each fishing enterprise. These decisions about where to fish to obtain the maximum return to fishing effort over the course of the season are modelled by a partially observable Markov decision process which incorporates the key elements of the problem facing each fisherman. The state space for this process is derived from total seasonal biomass. This aggregate description of the state space renders the problem practicable and solvable. The normative model is developed formally and applied to freezer trollers of the British Columbia commercial fishing fleet. Model results for average income and catch per troller, and seasonal fishing distribution over the fishing grounds reflect major tendencies in statistics arising from actual intraseasonal decisions made by this group of fishermen. Interseasonal decisions concerning longer-term investment strategies are made in an environment which is highly variable from season-to-season. Extensive variability implies that economic survival is a primary consideration in the investment decision process. The investment decision making process is modelled as a probabilistic dynamic programming problem in discrete time. Investors are assumed to make rational decisions based on income expectations and subject to survivability conditions to maximize the net worth of the fishing enterprise at the end of a finite planning horizon. The formal analysis of the investment model is presented. The model is applied to all trollers of the British Columbia commercial fishing fleet. The pattern of actual investment by troller is simulated by tuning behavioral components of the investment model. These results provide insight into the behavioral basis of investment decision making by this group of fishermen. This modelling framework has implications for planning and regulation in fisheries. Insight gained into the key factors behind fishermen's decisions can provide a basis for the development of strategic policies which anticipate fishermen's behavior and are aimed at stabilizing the economic viability of the fishing sector. The approach represents a movement away from reactive, short-term policies which have characterized fisheries regulation to date.
A partire dalle immagini: mettere in mostra il cantiere di lavoro di Emilio Sereni. La mostra Paesaggi agrari: l’irrinunciabile eredità scientifica di Emilio Sereni (Torino, 9 maggio 2014)
Creators: name: Pressenda, Paola
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2015

description: La ricorrenza del cinquantenario dell’uscita dell’opera di maggior interesse
geografico di Emilio Sereni, la Storia del paesaggio agrario italiano
– volume che conta oltre venti ristampe con una frequenza sempre
crescente e che raggiunge l’apice nel decennio 2000-2010 – ha costituito
l’occasione da un lato per un’indagine storiografica volta a inquadrare la figura di Emilio Sereni nel suo insieme, come politico e come studioso, e dall’altro per promuovere studi tesi a riconsiderare la riflessione avviata da Sereni sul più specifico tema del paesaggio agrario.
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (2014)
Bosonic super-WIMPs as keV-scale dark matter
Creators: name: Pospelov, Maxim
name: Ritz, Adam
name: Voloshin, Mikhail B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider models of light super-weakly interacting cold dark matter, with O(10-100) keV mass, focusing on bosonic candidates such as pseudoscalars and vectors. We analyze the cosmological abundance, the gamma-background created by particle decays, the impact on stellar processes due to cooling, and the direct detection capabilities in order to identify classes of models that pass all the constraints. In certain models, variants of photoelectric (or axioelectric) absorption of dark matter in direct-detection experiments can provide a sensitivity to the superweak couplings to the Standard Model which is superior to all existing indirect constraints. In all models studied, the annual modulation of the direct-detection signal is at the currently unobservable level of O(10^{-5}).
description: 21 pages, 3 figures; v2: explanatory remarks on axion absorption added and stellar bounds improved; v3: reference added; v4: stellar bound on Fig.3 corrected
title: ปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อความเต็มใจในการใช้จ่ายของนักท่องเที่ยวชาวมุสลิมในแหล่งท่องเที่ยวที่ไม่ใช่เฉพาะชาวมุสลิมในเขตพื้นที่จังหวัดฝั่งอันดามัน
Creators: name: วิภาดา เถาธรรมพิทักษ์
Publisher: name: งานวารสาร มหาวิทยาลัยนครพนม
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: ความเต็มใจในการใช้จ่าย
นักท่องเที่ยวชาวมุสลิม
แหล่งท่องเที่ยวที่ไม่ใช่เฉพาะชาวมุสลิม
อันดามัน
อาหารฮาลาล

description: วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยนครพนม, 14, 2, 127-142
Additional file 1 of A thematic network for factors affecting the choice of specialty education by medical students: a scoping study in low-and middle-income countries
Creators: name: Sarikhani, Yaser
name: Sulmaz Ghahramani
name: Bayati, Mohsen
name: Lotfi, Farhad
name: Bastani, Peivand
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
The Disk Partition Function in String Theory
Creators: name: Eberhardt, Lorenz
name: Pal, Sridip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the disk partition function for the open string. This is a subtle problem because of the presence of a residual gauge group $\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{R})$ on the worldsheet even after fixing the conformal gauge. It naively has infinite volume and leads to a vanishing answer. We use different methods that all demonstrate that $\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb{R})$ effectively behaves like a group with finite negative volume in the path integral, which leads to a simple prescription for the computation of the disk partition function. We apply our findings to give a simple rederivation of the D-brane tensions.
description: 32 pages
title: КАЧЕСТВО ЗЕРНА НОВЫХ ГЕНОТИПОВ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ
title: GRAIN QUALITY OF NEW GENOTYPES OF WINTER WHEAT
Creators: name: Н.А.
name: Д.А.
name: И.А.
Publisher: name: Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр»
Year: 2021
Subjects: озимая пшеница (Triticum L.), источник, качество зерна, белок, клейковина, сила муки, селекция
winter wheat, source, grain quality, protein, gluten, flour strength, breeding

description: В ФГБНУ «Северо-Кавказский ФНАЦ» проведено изучение генотипов мягкой озимой пшеницы с целью изучить, определении их перспективности как исходного материала в селекции пшеницы. Климат зоны исследований умеренно-континентальный, лето жаркое и сухое. Почва опытного участка – чернозем обыкновенный среднемощный слабогумусированный среднесуглинистый. Материалом исследований послужили 15 линий мягкой озимой пшеницы оригинальной селекции. По результатам оценки выделены четыре линии озимой пшеницы с высокими значениями общей стекловидности (43–44,5%): 21378, 21242, 21963, 20029. Линии 20029 и 21728 сформировали клейковины более 23%, группы I, что соответствует 3 классу качества. Изученные линии показали различные значения силы муки по ее набуханию в растворе уксусной кислоты. Линии 21420, 21663, 21683, 21118, 21944, 21924 характеризуются как сильные пшеницы, седиментация составляет 52–54,5 мл. Выделившиеся по комплексу признаков генотипы могут служить источниками высокого качества зерна при создании новых сортов мягкой озимой пшеницы для регионов с засушливым периодом налива.
description: The research on genotypes of soft winter wheat was carried out in “North Caucasus Federal Agrarian Research Centre” in order to study and identify their prospects as a source material in wheat breeding. The climate of the research area is moderately continental with hot and dry summers. The soil of the experimental area is slightly humic, medium loam ordinary chernozem with medium humus layer thickness. The study material was 15 lines of soft winter wheat. As a result of this research, 4 winter wheat lines with the highest rates of total vitreousness (43-44,5%) were identified: 21378, 21242, 21963, 20029. Lines 20029 and 21728 formed more than 23% of gluten, the 1st group , which is the 3rd degree of quality. The lines studied showed different rates of flour strength by its swelling in acetic acid solution. Lines 21420, 21663, 21683, 21118, 21944, 21924 are classified as strong wheat – 52-54.5 ml. The genotypes isolated by complex of traits can be used as sources of high quality grain when developing new varieties of soft winter wheat for regions with a dry grain-filling period.
Memorino on the `1/2 vs. 3/2 Puzzle' in $\bar B \to l \bar νX_c$ -- a Year Later and a Bit Wiser
Creators: name: Bigi, I. I.
name: Blossier, B.
name: Yaouanc, A. Le
name: Oliver, L.
name: Pène, O.
name: Raynal, J. -C.
name: Oyanguren, A.
name: Roudeau, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The OPE treatment that has been so successful in describing inclusive $\bar B \to l \bar νX_c$ decays yields sum rules (in particular the Uraltsev sum rule and its higher moments) implying the dominance of the $P$ wave $j_q = 3/2$ charm states in $X_c$ over their $j_q=1/2$ counterparts. This prediction is supported by other general arguments as well as quark model calculations, which illustrate the OPE results, and by preliminary lattice findings. Its failure would indicate a significant limitation in our theoretical understanding of $\bar B \to l \bar νX_c$. Some experimental issues have been clarified since a preliminary version of this note had appeared, yet the verdict on the composition of the final states {\em beyond} $D$, $D^*$ and the two narrow $j_q = 3/2$ resonances remains unsettled. Establishing which hadronic configurations -- $D/D^* + π, D/D^* + 2 π, ...$ -- contribute, what their quantum numbers are and their mass distributions will require considerable experimental effort. We explain the theoretical issues involved and why a better understanding of them will be of significant value. Having significant contributions from a mass continuum distribution below 2.5 GeV raises serious theoretical questions for which we have no good answer. Two lists are given, one with measurements that need to be done and one with items of theoretical homework. Some of the latter can be done by employing existing theoretical tools, whereas others need new ideas.
description: 21 pages, no figures; corrected address of one of the authors and included new measurements by BaBar
Dalla mappa al GIS. Per un Atlante della Grande Guerra (Roma, 21-22 maggio 2014)
Creators: name: Dumont, Isabelle
Publisher: name: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia
Year: 2015

description: L’ottavo appuntamento del seminario di studi storico-geografici “Dalla mappa al GIS. Per un Atlante della Grande Guerra” si è tenuto all’Università di Roma Tre il 21 e 22 maggio 2014, presso il Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici.  Co-organizzato dal Laboratorio Geocartografico Giuseppe Caraci, dal Centro Italiano per gli Studi Storico-Geografici e dal Centro Interuniversitario di Studi e Ricerche storico-militare, il tema generale era la ricorrenza del centenario della Prima Guerra Mondiale.
description: Semestrale di studi e ricerche di geografia, N. 2 (2014)
Memory Efficient Meta-Learning with Large Images
Creators: name: Bronskill, John
name: Massiceti, Daniela
name: Patacchiola, Massimiliano
name: Hofmann, Katja
name: Nowozin, Sebastian
name: Turner, Richard E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Meta learning approaches to few-shot classification are computationally efficient at test time, requiring just a few optimization steps or single forward pass to learn a new task, but they remain highly memory-intensive to train. This limitation arises because a task's entire support set, which can contain up to 1000 images, must be processed before an optimization step can be taken. Harnessing the performance gains offered by large images thus requires either parallelizing the meta-learner across multiple GPUs, which may not be available, or trade-offs between task and image size when memory constraints apply. We improve on both options by proposing LITE, a general and memory efficient episodic training scheme that enables meta-training on large tasks composed of large images on a single GPU. We achieve this by observing that the gradients for a task can be decomposed into a sum of gradients over the task's training images. This enables us to perform a forward pass on a task's entire training set but realize significant memory savings by back-propagating only a random subset of these images which we show is an unbiased approximation of the full gradient. We use LITE to train meta-learners and demonstrate new state-of-the-art accuracy on the real-world ORBIT benchmark and 3 of the 4 parts of the challenging VTAB+MD benchmark relative to leading meta-learners. LITE also enables meta-learners to be competitive with transfer learning approaches but at a fraction of the test-time computational cost, thus serving as a counterpoint to the recent narrative that transfer learning is all you need for few-shot classification.
Focus on What Is Within Your Control? A “Balance” Intervention in Coping with Stress
Creators: name: Xingruo Zhang
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2021

description: How do people cope with stressors? One common approach is to focus on the aspects of a stressful situation that may be controlled. However, initial studies from our lab show that people report less stress from COVID-19 when they consider the balance between what they can and cannot control rather than focusing only on what they can control. Given how unusual the COVID-19 context is, the current research examines whether a “balance” intervention can be effective for coping with other stressors. We also investigate potential behavioral effects (i.e., improving performance and motivating behaviors) of this intervention. Across two studies (N = 1,797), we find preliminary, directional evidence suggesting that a “balance” intervention can reduce emotional distress in taxing situations other than COVID-19. Whereas previous research highlights the importance of increasing one’s sense of control and the benefits of focusing exclusively on controllable aspects of otherwise stressful events, we find that simultaneously drawing attention to the uncontrollable aspects can be more effective in alleviating distress. Thus, we provide a low-cost and available self-help intervention for people in need of an effective coping strategy to deal with emotional distress.
Additional file 2 of A thematic network for factors affecting the choice of specialty education by medical students: a scoping study in low-and middle-income countries
Creators: name: Sarikhani, Yaser
name: Sulmaz Ghahramani
name: Bayati, Mohsen
name: Lotfi, Farhad
name: Bastani, Peivand
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
The ATLAS Inner Detector Trigger performance in pp collisions at 13 TeV during LHC Run 2
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design and performance of the inner detector trigger for the high level trigger of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider during the 2016-18 data taking period is discussed. In 2016, 2017, and 2018 the ATLAS detector recorded 35.6 fb$^{-1}$, 46.9 fb$^{-1}$, and 60.6 fb$^{-1}$ respectively of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. In order to deal with the very high interaction multiplicities per bunch crossing expected with the 13 TeV collisions the inner detector trigger was redesigned during the long shutdown of the Large Hadron Collider from 2013 until 2015. An overview of these developments is provided and the performance of the tracking in the trigger for the muon, electron, tau and $b$-jet signatures is discussed. The high performance of the inner detector trigger with these extreme interaction multiplicities demonstrates how the inner detector tracking continues to lie at the heart of the trigger performance and is essential in enabling the ATLAS physics programme.
description: 81 pages in total, author list starting page 65, 44 figures, 0 tables. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TRIG-2019-03/
Gauge/gravity duality with a chiral N=(0,8) string defect
Creators: name: Harvey, Jeffrey A.
name: Royston, Andrew B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the defect AdS/CFT correspondence for a system of N_c D3-branes intersecting certain configurations of D7-branes and O7-planes in 1+1-dimensions. The intersection is chiral, preserving N=(0,8) supersymmetry. The geometry produced by the 7-branes does not decouple in the low energy limit on the D3-branes; consequently the field theory must be considered in the curved background of the 7-branes, and the supergravity background is the fully backreacted solution accounting for both sets of branes. Although we can not work in the probe-brane limit, we still find a consistent defect mode-operator map. In our previous study of the field theory we found chiral D3-brane zero-modes that localized to the intersection. Here we obtain a dual supergravity description of the localized R-symmetry anomaly that these zero-modes produce.
description: 35 pages; typos corrected; references and brief comments added; version published in JHEP