cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Performance of electron reconstruction and selection with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance and strategies used in electron reconstruction and selection at CMS are presented based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns, collected in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV at the CERN LHC. The paper focuses on prompt isolated electrons with transverse momenta ranging from about 5 to a few 100 GeV. A detailed description is given of the algorithms used to cluster energy in the electromagnetic calorimeter and to reconstruct electron trajectories in the tracker. The electron momentum is estimated by combining the energy measurement in the calorimeter with the momentum measurement in the tracker. Benchmark selection criteria are presented, and their performances assessed using Z, Upsilon, and J/psi decays into electron-positron pairs. The spectra of the observables relevant to electron reconstruction and selection as well as their global efficiencies are well reproduced by Monte Carlo simulations. The momentum scale is calibrated with an uncertainty smaller than 0.3%. The momentum resolution for electrons produced in Z boson decays ranges from 1.7 to 4.5%, depending on electron pseudorapidity and energy loss through bremsstrahlung in the detector material.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
The association of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and physician recommendation for mammography: who gets the message about breast cancer screening?
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between physician recommendation for mammography and race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and other characteristics in a rural population. METHODS: In 1993 through 1994, we surveyed 1933 Black women and White women 52 years and older in 10 rural counties. RESULTS: Fifty-three percent of the women reported a physician recommendation in the past year. White women reported recommendations significantly more often than did Black women (55% vs 45%; odds ratio = 1.49). Controlling for educational attainment and income eliminated the apparent racial/ethnic difference. After control for 5 personal, 4 health, and 3 access characteristics, recommendation for mammography was found to be more frequent among women who had access to the health care system (i.e., had a regular physician and health insurance). Recommendation was less frequent among women who were vulnerable (i.e., were older, had lower educational attainment, had lower annual family income). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic status, age, and other characteristics--but not race/ethnicity--were related to reports of a physician recommendation, a precursor strongly associated with mammography use. Efforts to increase physician recommendation should include complementary efforts to help women address socioeconomic and other barriers to mammography use.
The influence of a family program on adolescent tobacco and alcohol use
Creators: name: King, Tonya
name: Koch, Gary
name: Foshee, Vangie
name: Pemberton, Michael
name: Hicks, Katherine
name: Bauman, Karl
name: Ennett, Susan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Objectives. This study examined a family-directed program's effectiveness in preventing adolescent tobacco and alcohol use in a general population. Methods. Adolescents aged 12 to 14 years and their families were identified by random-digit dialing throughout the contiguous United States. After providing baseline data by telephone interviews, they were randomly allocated to receive or not receive a family-directed program featuring mailed booklets and telephone contacts by health educators. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted 3 and 12 months after program completion. Results. The findings suggested that smoking onset was reduced by 16.4% at 1 year, with a 25.0% reduction for non-Hispanic Whites but no statistically significant program effect for other races/ ethnicities. There were no statistically significant program effects for smokeless tobacco or alcohol use onset. Conclusions. The family-directed program was associated with reduced smoking onset for non-Hispanic Whites, suggesting that it is worthy of further application, development, and evaluation.
Urban and rural differences in older drivers' failure to stop at stop signs
Creators: name: Baldwin, K.
name: West, S.K.
name: Jasti, S.
name: Munro, C.A.
name: Keay, L.
name: Bandeen-Roche, K.J.
name: Duncan, D.D.
name: Turano, K.A.
name: Munoz, B.
name: Gower, E.W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Our purpose was to determine visual and cognitive predictors for older drivers' failure to stop at stop signs. 1425 drivers aged between ages 67 and 87 residing in Salisbury Maryland were enrolled in a longitudinal study of driving. At baseline, the participants were administered a battery of vision and cognition tests, and demographic and health questionnaires. Five days of driving data were collected with a Driving Monitoring System (DMS), which obtained data on stop signs encountered and failure to stop at stop signs. Driving data were also collected 1 year later (round two). The outcome, number of times a participant failed to stop at a stop sign at round two, was modeled using vision and cognitive variables as predictors. A negative binomial regression model was used to model the failure rate. Of the 1241 who returned for round two, 1167 drivers had adequate driving data for analyses and 52 did not encounter a stop sign. In the remaining 1115, 15.8% failed at least once to stop at stop signs, and 7.1% failed to stop more than once. Rural drivers had 1.7 times the likelihood of not stopping compared to urban drivers. Amongst the urban participants, the number of points missing in the bilateral visual field was significantly associated with a lower failure rate. In this cohort, older drivers residing in rural areas were less likely to stop at stop-sign intersections than those in urban areas. It is possible that rural drivers frequent areas with less traffic and better visibility, and may be more likely to take the calculated risk of not stopping. In this cohort failure to stop at stop signs was not explained by poor vision or cognition. Conversely in urban areas, those who have visual field loss appear to be more cautious at stop signs.
Essential equivalence of the GENERIC and Steepest Entropy Ascent models of dissipation for non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Creators: name: Montefusco, Alberto
name: Consonni, Francesco
name: Beretta, Gian Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By reformulating the Steepest-Entropy-Ascent (SEA) dynamical model for non-equilibrium thermodynamics in the mathematical language of Differential Geometry, we compare it with the primitive formulation of the GENERIC model and discuss the main technical differences of the two approaches. In both dynamical models the description of dissipation is of the "entropy-gradient" type. SEA focuses only onto the irreversible component of the time evolution, chooses a sub-Riemannian metric tensor as dissipative structure, and uses the local entropy density field as potential. GENERIC emphasizes the coupling between the reversible and irreversible components of the time evolution, chooses two compatible degenerate structures (Poisson and degenerate co-Riemannian), and uses the global energy and entropy functionals as potentials. As an illustration, we rewrite the known GENERIC formulation of the Boltzmann Equation in terms of the square-root of the distribution function adopted by the SEA formulation. We then provide a formal proof that in more general frameworks, whenever all degeneracies in the GENERIC framework are related to conservation laws, the SEA and GENERIC models of the irreversible component of the dynamics are essentially interchangeable, provided of course they assume the same kinematics. As part of the discussion, we note that equipping the dissipative structure of GENERIC with the Leibniz identity makes it automatically SEA on metric leaves.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys.Rev.E
The Role of Community Advisory Boards: Involving Communities in the Informed Consent Process
Creators: name: Kegeles, Susan M.
name: Quinn, Sandra Crouse
name: Spaulding, Cora
name: Sengupta, Sohini
name: Goeppinger, Jean
name: Millett, Greg
name: Strauss, Ronald P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Ethical research involving human subjects mandates that individual informed consent be obtained from research participants or from surrogates when participants are not able to consent for themselves. The existing requirements for informed consent assume that all study participants have personal autonomy; fully comprehend the purpose, risks, and benefits of the research; and volunteer for projects that disclose all relevant information. Yet contemporary examples of lapses in the individual informed consent process have been reported.
Heavy Neutrinos and the Kinematics of Tau Decays
Creators: name: Kobach, Andrew
name: Dobbs, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searches for heavy neutrinos often rely on the possibility that the heavy neutrinos will decay to detectable particles. Interpreting the results of such searches requires a particular model for the heavy-neutrino decay. We present a method for placing limits on the probability that a tau can couple to a heavy neutrino, |U_tau4|^2, using only the kinematics of semi-leptonic tau decays, instead of a specific model. Our study suggests that B factories with large datasets, such a Belle and BaBar, may be able to place stringent limits on |U_tau4|^2 as low as O(10^-7 - 10^-3) when 100 MeV < m_4 < 1.2 GeV, utilizing minimal assumptions regarding the decay modes of heavy neutrinos.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures. Minor changes in text; conclusions unchanged
Treatment Outcomes and Costs of Dental Sealants Among Children Enrolled in Medicaid
Creators: name: Huang, Cheng-Chung
name: Rozier, R. Gary
name: Stearns, Sally C.
name: Weintraub, Jane A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Objectives. This retrospective cohort analysis of children enrolled in the North Carolina Medicaid program compared the likelihood of restorative treatments and associated cumulative Medicaid expenditures for teeth with or without dental sealants.
Unintended pregnancy and low birthweight in Ecuador
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the relationship between unintended pregnancy and infant birthweight in Ecuador, differentiating between unwanted and mistimed pregnancies. METHODS: Analyses focused on a subsample of women (n = 2490) interviewed in the 1994 Ecuador Demographic and Maternal-Child Health Survey. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between pregnancy intention status and low birthweight after control for other factors. RESULTS: Infants from unwanted pregnancies were more likely than infants from planned pregnancies to have low birthweight (odds ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval = 1.22, 2.20). Mistimed pregnancy was not associated with low birthweight. CONCLUSIONS: Unwanted pregnancy, but not mistimed pregnancy, is associated with low birthweight in Ecuador. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism through which pregnancy intention status affects birthweight.
What Is Community? An Evidence-Based Definition for Participatory Public Health
Creators: name: MacQueen, Kathleen M.
name: Kegeles, Susan
name: Metzger, David S.
name: McLellan, Eleanor
name: Trotter, Robert T.
name: Blanchard, Lynn
name: Strauss, Ronald P.
name: Scotti, Roseanne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Increased emphasis on community collaboration indicates the need for consensus regarding the definition of community within public health. This study examined whether members of diverse US communities described community in similar ways.
Chlamydial positivity of nasal discharge at baseline is associated with ocular chlamydial positivity 2 months following azithromycin treatment
Creators: name: Mabey, D.C.
name: Muñoz, B.
name: Burton, M.J.
name: Mkocha, H.
name: Makalo, P.
name: Solomon, A.W.
name: Holland, M.
name: Gower, E.W.
name: Aguirre, A.
name: West, S.K.
name: Bailey, R.
name: Massae, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: BACKGROUND. Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness. Routes of transmission remain unclear. In this study, the relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis Amplicor-positive nasal discharge and Amplicor-positive ocular swabs was investigated (Amplicor; Roche, Indianapolis, IN). METHODS. A longitudinal study was conducted in Tanzania and The Gambia. Eyes were graded for active trachoma; ocular swabs were taken to test for C. trachomatis. Children with visible nasal discharge had swabs taken of this material. Participants were offered systemic antibiotics. Two months after treatment, participants were re-examined. RESULTS. Of the 1128 children participating, 188 (17%) had nasal discharge. Among 188 children with nasal discharge, 64 (34%) nasal swabs were PCR positive. There was a strong correlation between active disease/ocular chlamydial positivity and positive nasal discharge. Children with Amplicor-positive ocular swabs were 9.9 times more likely to have Amplicor-positive nasal discharge than were children without ocular positivity (95% CI: 4.34-22.53). Two months after treatment, 16% had an Amplicor-positive ocular swab. Children with positive nasal discharge at baseline were 5.2 times more likely to have an Amplicor-positive ocular swab at 2 months than were children without Amplicor-positive nasal discharge at baseline (95% CI: 1.54-17.23), after adjusting for baseline ocular positivity, gender, and study site. CONCLUSIONS. Nasal discharge may provide a source of reinfection with C. trachomatis, after antibiotic treatment for trachoma, either through transfer of secretions from nose to eye or from nasal secretions transferred to bed sheets or dirty clothes and back to the eye; alternatively, nasal discharge may be an indicator of severe persistent ocular chlamydial infection that is not cleared with a single dose of antibiotics.
Increasing Use of Mammography Among Older, Rural African American Women: Results From a Community Trial
Creators: name: Mathews, Holly F.
name: Altpeter, Mary
name: O'Malley, Michael S.
name: Lynch, Kathy S.
name: Earp, Jo Anne
name: Qaqish, Bahjat
name: Mayne, Linda
name: Eng, Eugenia
name: Rauscher, Garth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Objectives. A community trial was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the North Carolina Breast Cancer Screening Program, a lay health advisor network intervention intended to increase screening among rural African American women 50 years and older.
Independent Evaluation of the California Tobacco Control Program: Relationships Between Program Exposure and Outcomes, 1996–1998
Creators: name: Cruz, Tess Boley
name: Dent, Clyde W.
name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
name: Howard-Pitney, Beth
name: Norman, Gregory J.
name: Fishbein, Howard
name: Johnson, C. Anderson
name: Unger, Jennifer B.
name: Rohrbach, Louise Ann
name: Howard, Kim Ammann
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Objectives. This study sought to determine the effects of the California Tobacco Control Program on tobacco-related attitudes and behaviors.
The radio emission pattern of air showers as measured with LOFAR - a tool for the reconstruction of the energy and the shower maximum
Creators: name: Nelles, A.
name: Buitink, S.
name: Corstanje, A.
name: Enriquez, J. E.
name: Falcke, H.
name: Hörandel, J. R.
name: Rachen, J. P.
name: Rossetto, L.
name: Schellart, P.
name: Scholten, O.
name: ter Veen, S.
name: Thoudam, S.
name: Trinh, T. N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pattern of the radio emission of air showers is finely sampled with the Low-Frequency ARray (LOFAR). A set of 382 measured air showers is used to test a fast, analytic parameterization of the distribution of pulse powers. Using this parameterization we are able to reconstruct the shower axis and give estimators for the energy of the air shower as well as the distance to the shower maximum.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in JCAP
What Can Wireless Cellular Technologies Do about the Upcoming Smart Metering Traffic?
Creators: name: Nielsen, Jimmy J.
name: Madueño, Germán C.
name: Pratas, Nuno K.
name: Sørensen, René B.
name: Stefanović, Čedomir
name: Popovski, Petar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The introduction of smart electricity meters with cellular radio interface puts an additional load on the wireless cellular networks. Currently, these meters are designed for low duty cycle billing and occasional system check, which generates a low-rate sporadic traffic. As the number of distributed energy resources increases, the household power will become more variable and thus unpredictable from the viewpoint of the Distribution System Operator (DSO). It is therefore expected, in the near future, to have an increased number of Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) devices with Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)-like capabilities in the distribution grid, thus allowing the utilities to monitor the low voltage grid quality while providing information required for tighter grid control. From a communication standpoint, the traffic profile will change drastically towards higher data volumes and higher rates per device. In this paper, we characterize the current traffic generated by smart electricity meters and supplement it with the potential traffic requirements brought by introducing enhanced Smart Meters, i.e., meters with PMU-like capabilities. Our study shows how GSM/GPRS and LTE cellular system performance behaves with the current and next generation smart meters traffic, where it is clearly seen that the PMU data will seriously challenge these wireless systems. We conclude by highlighting the possible solutions for upgrading the cellular standards, in order to cope with the upcoming smart metering traffic.
description: Submitted; change: corrected location of eSM box in Fig. 1; May 22, 2015: Major revision after review; v4: revised, accepted for publication
Risk factors for postsurgical trichiasis recurrence in a trachoma-endemic area
Creators: name: West, E.S.
name: Foster, A.
name: Mkocha, H.
name: West, S.K.
name: Mabey, D.
name: Munoz, B.
name: Bailey, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: PURPOSE. The World Health Organization recommends trichiasis surgery to prevent blindness caused by trachoma; however, recurrence is common. Risk factors for recurrence have not been widely studied, particularly in trachoma hyperendemic areas. METHODS. Three hundred ninety-four persons with trichiasis in Tanzania were examined. Participants had undergone surgery >18 months before the study. Trichiasis recurrence and active trachoma at study visit were assessed. Ocular swabs were collected and tested for Chlamydia trachomatis. Household members were examined for active trachoma. RESULTS. Of the surgical eyes, 28% had recurrence; 40% of patients had recurrence in one or both eyes. Rates did not vary by time since surgery. Eye-level recurrence rates varied significantly across districts, ranging from 16% to 38%. Current chlamydial infection among surgical cases was low (6%) and was not associated with recurrence. Recurrence was associated with tarsal conjunctival inflammation (OR: 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-3.8) and residence in the Kongwa district (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2-4.6). CONCLUSIONS. Recurrence after trichiasis surgery is high, suggesting that vigilant follow-up in surgical cases is needed to reduce blindness. Recurrence is associated with evidence of inflammation in the tarsal conjunctiva, although it is not clear whether the inflammation contributes to recurrence, or is a result of the recurrence. Longitudinal studies of trichiasis patients after surgery are needed.
Assessment of Investment Attractiveness Based on Production Resources for Kurgan Region of Russia
Creators: name: N.D. Gushchenskaya, D.V. Paliy
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Resource potential
Gross output
Investment elasticity
Investment attractiveness
Multiplicative coefficient
Agricultural production
State support
Commercialized agricultural product.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 11, 14, 11A14N: 1-10
Non-Canonical Dark Energy Parameter Evolution in a Canonical Quintessence Cosmology
Creators: name: Thompson, Rodger I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study considers the specific case of a flat, minimally coupled to gravity, quintessence cosmology with a dark energy quartic polynomial potential that has the same mathematical form as the Higgs potential. Previous work on this case determined that the scalar field is given by a simple expression of the Lambert W function in terms of the easily observable scale factor. This expression provides analytic equations for the evolution of cosmological dark energy parameters as a function of the scale factor for all points on the Lambert W function principal branch. The Lambert W function is zero at a scale factor of zero that marks the big bang. The evolutionary equations beyond the big bang describe a canonical universe that is similar to ΛCDM, making it an excellent dynamical template to compare with observational data. The portion of the W function principal before the big bang extends to the infinite pre-bang past. It describes a noncanonical universe with an initially very low mass density that contracts by rolling down the dark energy potential to a singularity, big bang, at the scale factor zero point. This provides a natural origin for the big bang. It also raises the possibility that the universe existed before the big bang and is far older, and that it was once far larger than its current size. The recent increasing interest in the possibility of a dynamical universe instead of ΛCDM makes the exploration of the nature of such universes particularly relevant.
description: 23 pages, 19 figures, Invited article for Universe Special Issue: Dark Energy and Dark Matter, Published September 5, 2024
Drinfeld basis for string-inspired Baxter operators
Creators: name: Rolph, Andrew
name: Torrielli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose Drinfeld's second realisation of the quantum group relevant to the Lax-operator approach developed in the work of Bazhanov, Frassek, Lukowski, Meneghelli and Staudacher.
description: 7 pages, LaTeX, no figures; v2: references added; v3: added comment on the connection with the so-called Discrete Self-Trapping (DST) chain; v4: matches published version (PRD)
A Sub-$\rm λ^{3}$-Volume Cantilever-based Fabry-Pérot Cavity
Creators: name: Kelkar, Hrishikesh
name: Wang, Daqing
name: Martín-Cano, Diego
name: Hoffmann, Björn
name: Christiansen, Silke
name: Götzinger, Stephan
name: Sandoghdar, Vahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the realization of an open plane-concave Fabry-Pérot resonator with a mode volume below $λ^3$ at optical frequencies. We discuss some of the less common features of this new microcavity regime and show that the ultrasmall mode volume allows us to detect cavity resonance shifts induced by single nanoparticles even at quality factors as low as $100$. Being based on low-reflectivity micromirrors fabricated on a silicon cantilever, our experimental arrangement provides broadband operation, tunability of the cavity resonance, lateral scanning and promise for optomechanical studies.
Surface properties of liquid mercury: a comparison of density-dependent and density-independent force fields
Creators: name: Iakovlev, A.
name: Bedrov, D.
name: Müller, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by an experimental interest we investigate by the means of atomistic Molecular Dynamics simulation the ability of density-independent, empiric density-dependent, and recently proposed embedded-atom force fields for liquid mercury to predict the surface tension of the free surface of liquid mercury at the temperature of 293~K. The effect of the density dependence of the studied models on the liquid-vapor coexistence and surface tension is discussed in detail. In view of computational efficiency of the density-independent model we optimize its functional form to obtain higher surface tension values in order to improve agreement with experiment. The results are also corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations and semi-analytic estimations of the liquid-vapor coexistence density.
Mass treatment and the effect on the load of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a trachoma-hyperendemic community
Creators: name: Bailey, R.
name: Solomon, A.W.
name: Mabey, D.
name: Foster, A.
name: West, S.K.
name: West, E.S.
name: Mkocha, H.
name: Aguirre, A.
name: Munoz, B.
name: Holland, M.J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: PURPOSE. Trachoma remains a leading cause of blindness. Determining the most effective antibiotic treatment strategy is essential for the success of country-based trachoma control programs. METHODS. Baseline and 2-month follow-up examinations were performed in a trachoma-hyperendemic village. All residents were offered azithromycin for trachoma after baseline was determined. Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydial load were determined by PCR. Clinical trachoma status was evaluated. A high chlamydial load was defined as a higher than median chlamydial load among those with infection. Risk factors were examined in multiple logistic regression models. Associations are presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS. At baseline, 57% of participants were infected with C. trachomatis. Although clinical trachoma correlated with infection, 23% of participants with high chlamydial loads showed no clinical signs. Adults represented only 10% of the population with high loads. Treatment significantly decreased the proportion positive in the community and the load in the community. However, 27% of individuals with high loads at baseline who received treatment also were infected at 2 months. Of those, 93% with high loads at 2 months were aged ≤10 years. CONCLUSIONS. Although most of the chlamydial load in this community resided in children, 10% of the high load resided in adults, most of whom did not have follicular trachoma and in whom the infection would be missed under treatment strategies that focus on clinical disease or children. These data support a mass treatment strategy for hyperendemic communities, at least as a first approach. In addition, treatment of children age ≤2 years should be reexamined, as >30% with high loads at baseline remained infected at 2 months, despite monitored treatment according to weight.
Generating pseudo-random discrete probability distributions
Creators: name: Maziero, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of pseudo-random discrete probability distributions is of paramount importance for a wide range of stochastic simulations spanning from Monte Carlo methods to the random sampling of quantum states for investigations in quantum information science. In spite of its significance, a thorough exposition of such a procedure is lacking in the literature. In this article we present relevant details concerning the numerical implementation and applicability of what we call the iid, normalization, and trigonometric methods for generating an unbiased probability vector $\mathbf{p}=(p_{1},\cdots,p_{d})$. An immediate application of these results regarding the generation of pseudo-random pure quantum states is also described.
Clinician Perspectives on the Feasibility and Acceptability of Contraceptive Counseling for Adolescents in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Creators: name: Thornton, Madeline
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Background: Adolescents who desire contraception may not be using a contraceptive method for many reasons including lack of knowledge, barriers to accessing care, or fear of disclosing sexual activity. Many adolescents in the United States seek primary care services in the emergency department (ED). Recently, hospitals across the country have leveraged pediatric EDs as sites for contraceptive counseling and initiation of methods for adolescents. 

Objectives: In this paper, I aim to explore the feasibility and acceptability of contraceptive counseling and initiation of contraceptive methods in the pediatric ED by conducting in-depth interviews with a variety of stakeholders at UNC Hospital in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 

Methods: I conducted focused interviews via Zoom with healthcare clinicians who care for adolescents in an ED setting. I coded the interview transcripts using thematic content analysis based on concepts and themes deductively derived from the interview guide and existing literature.  

Findings: I report on key themes that arose from the focused interviews according to four categories: (1) ED-specific considerations, (2) clinician-specific considerations, (3) patient-specific considerations, and (4) proposed workflow considerations. The findings from these four categories are further summarized in the following four emerging considerations for program implementation: (1) balancing patient autonomy and potential coercion, (2) logistical challenges, (3) clinician preparedness, and (4) upholding principles of reproductive justice.

Conclusions: Future studies investigating the feasibility and acceptability of contraceptive counseling interventions for adolescents in the pediatric ED should specifically address and inquire about these domains to guide successful dialogue and program implementation planning.
Polar anchoring strengths of nematic liquid crystal on high-density polymer brush surfaces
Creators: name: Iwata, Naoto
name: Yazawa, Kenta
name: Tokita, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Herein, the polar anchoring energy coefficient (Aθ) of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) was examined for high-density polymer brushes via capacitance measurements. The Aθ is 10−4 J m−2 for the brushes of poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene). The value decreases to 10−5 J m−2 for poly(n-butyl methacrylate) and poly(hexyl methacrylate) with lower glass transition temperatures. However, each polymer brush displays a constant Aθ value over a temperature range of −15°C to 90°C, which is hardly affected by the graft density and brush thickness. At 25°C, Aθ is 10 times greater than the corresponding azimuthal anchoring energy coefficient (Aφ); therefore, NLCs on polymer brushes can be preferentially aligned along the in-plane component of the applied field.
title:  La moneta nel mondo dell’utopia: dagli Uccelli alle Ecclesiazuse di Aristofane
Creators: name: Cavagna, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2014

description: Negli Uccelli e nelle Ecclesiazuse Aristofane inserì alcuni riferimenti alla gestione della moneta nel mon­do dell’utopia. Ciò avvenne in modo non programmatico e con finalità legate anche all’efficacia momentanea della rappresentazione teatrale; tuttavia proprio tali riferimenti possono offrire una prova concreta del progres­sivo declino della moneta ateniese dalla fine del V sec. a.C. e una specifica immagine dell’atteggiamento dei contemporanei di fronte alla moneta.

In Birds and Ecclesiazusae Aristophanes inserted some references to the management of money in the world of utopia. This occurred in a non-programmatic way and with purposes also connected with the temporary incisiveness of theatrical representation; however, such references offer a tangible evidence of the progressive decline of the Athenian coinage from the end of the 5th century BC, and a specific picture of the contemporaries attitude towards money.
description: KRYPTON – VOL.4 – 2014 – DENARO
Prevalence of Medication Treatment for Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder Among Elementary School Children in Johnston County, North Carolina
Creators: name: Stallone, Lil
name: Sandler, Dale P.
name: Rowland, Andrew S.
name: Naftel, A. Jack
name: Bohlig, E. Michael
name: Umbach, David M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Objectives. This study estimated the prevalence of medication treatment for attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among elementary school children in a North Carolina county.
Massive neutrinos and invisible axion minimally connected
Creators: name: Bertolini, Stefano
name: Di Luzio, Luca
name: Kolešová, Helena
name: Malinský, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We survey a few minimal scalar extensions of the standard electroweak model that provide a simple setup for massive neutrinos in connection with an invisible axion. The presence of a chiral $U(1)$ à la Peccei-Quinn drives the pattern of Majorana neutrino masses while providing a dynamical solution to the strong CP problem and an axion as a dark matter candidate. We paradigmatically apply such a renormalizable framework to type-II seesaw and to two viable models for neutrino oscillations where the neutrino masses arise at one and two loops, respectively. We comment on the naturalness of the effective setups as well as on their implications for vacuum stability and electroweak baryogenesis.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures. References added
Identification of Tax Risks for Russian Agricultural Firms
Creators: name: R.N. Sungatullina, E.A. Klinova
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Economic security
Russia taxation systems
Russia tax control
Agricultural tax risks
Unified agricultural tax
Identification of tax risks
Fraud tax information
Stages of accounting process
Consequences of tax risks.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 11, 14, 11A14O: 1-12
LABOR POLARIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF AGRICULTURAL ROBOTIZATION IN THE MIDDLE URALS
Creators: name: A.N.Semin, E.A. Skvortsov, E.G. Skvortsova, C. Oguz, A. ?Rs
Publisher: name: TuEngr Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Digital transformation
Human resources
Agricultural labor force
Agricultural robotics
labor polarization
Digital Agriculture
Agricultural labor wage.

description: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 11, 14, 11A14P: 1-11
Problems With Access to Dental Care for Medicaid-Insured Children: What Caregivers Think
Creators: name: Mofidi, Mahyar
name: King, Rebecca S.
name: Rozier, R. Gary
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Objectives. This study aimed to gain insight into the experiences, attitudes, and perceptions of a racially and ethnically diverse group of caregivers regarding barriers to dental care for their Medicaid-insured children.
Role of Nutrient Supplements for Enhancing Milk Production
Creators: name: *Dr. Anil Kumar and Dr. Aditya Kaswan
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2023

description:            For dairy animals, increasing milk production is crucial, and supplementing with nutrients can help the impactof dietary supplements on milk production, including thosecontaining lipids, carbohydrates, prolactin, oestrogen, amino acids, and peptides, as well as other substances. The functions of nutrients and associated pathways in enhancing the synthesis of milk protein and fat are outlined in this article which can aid in understanding how milk production and nutritional supplementation are related.
The Contextual Effect of the Local Food Environment on Residents’ Diets: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Creators: name: Wing, Steve
name: Roux, Ana Diez
name: Morland, Kimberly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Objectives. We studied the association between the local food environment and residents’ report of recommended dietary intake.
Bifurcation Identification for Ultrasound-driven Robotic Cannulation
Creators: name: Morales, Cecilia G.
name: Srikanth, Dhruv
name: Good, Jack H.
name: Dufendach, Keith A.
name: Dubrawski, Artur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In trauma and critical care settings, rapid and precise intravascular access is key to patients' survival. Our research aims at ensuring this access, even when skilled medical personnel are not readily available. Vessel bifurcations are anatomical landmarks that can guide the safe placement of catheters or needles during medical procedures. Although ultrasound is advantageous in navigating anatomical landmarks in emergency scenarios due to its portability and safety, to our knowledge no existing algorithm can autonomously extract vessel bifurcations using ultrasound images. This is primarily due to the limited availability of ground truth data, in particular, data from live subjects, needed for training and validating reliable models. Researchers often resort to using data from anatomical phantoms or simulations. We introduce BIFURC, Bifurcation Identification for Ultrasound-driven Robot Cannulation, a novel algorithm that identifies vessel bifurcations and provides optimal needle insertion sites for an autonomous robotic cannulation system. BIFURC integrates expert knowledge with deep learning techniques to efficiently detect vessel bifurcations within the femoral region and can be trained on a limited amount of in-vivo data. We evaluated our algorithm using a medical phantom as well as real-world experiments involving live pigs. In all cases, BIFURC consistently identified bifurcation points and needle insertion locations in alignment with those identified by expert clinicians.
The Social Constructions of Sexuality: Marital Infidelity and Sexually Transmitted Disease–HIV Risk in a Mexican Migrant Community
Creators: name: Bentley, Margaret E.
name: Nathanson, Constance A.
name: Higgins, Jennifer
name: Hirsch, Jennifer S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Objectives. This article explores the social context of the migration-related HIV epidemic in western Mexico.
Prädiktive Medizin - Genomanalyse - Gentherapie
Creators: name: Reiter, Johannes
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 19 Nr. 2 (1990): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 19, Heft 2
Violence During Pregnancy Among Women With or at Risk for HIV Infection
Creators: name: Koenig, Linda J.
name: Whitaker, Daniel J.
name: Callahan, Michelle R.
name: Royce, Rachel A.
name: Fernandez, M. Isabel
name: Wilson, Tracey E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Objectives. This study estimated the prevalence of violence during pregnancy in relation to HIV infection.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment? The Influence of State Level Variables on Medication for Opioid Use Disorder in Prisons in the United States
Creators: name: Leiner, Catherine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Introduction: Opioid use disorder (OUD) has continued to rise in the US, contributing to mortality and morbidity for those recently incarcerated. Major medical associations recommend the use of medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in prisons to improve health outcomes for the incarcerated population. Despite these recommendations, many prisons across the US do not provide MOUD. There is limited research exploring variables that contribute to the quantity or quality of MOUD in prisons. This research explores state level variables that contribute to the presence and quality of MOUD in prisons throughout the US 
Methods: I used publicly available policy data to understand the likelihood that any given state will have a MOUD program in its prisons. I constructed an analyzable database from the academic literature, publicly available reports of policies, and other available information that helps characterize the states. I then drew comparisons between the relationships of these variables and the presence and quality of MOUD programs measured by a calculated score that accounts for presence of a program and the types of medications it provides using linear regression. 
Results: I collected data from 50 states and Washington DC and found a mean total scale of 3.41. Due to small sample size, I ran three separate policy regressions and one demographic regression to explore the relationship between variables. In all three policy regressions, number of syringe exchange programs and total number of years of Medicaid expansion were statistically significantly associated with total score. In the demographic regression, number of prisoners was significantly associated with total scale.
Discussion: Considerable variation in the accessibility of MOUD in prisons in the United States exists. There remains a need for a national database of information about MOUD in programs in prisons across the US so that such programs can be studied and compared. Research is urgently needed to explore how to better support this vulnerable population and increase accessibility to evidence based treatment.
A Synthesis of Perceptions About Physical Activity Among Older African American and American Indian Women
Creators: name: Ainsworth, Barbara E.
name: Henderson, Karla A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Objectives. In this review of qualitative data from the Cross-Cultural Activity Participation Study (CAPS), we synthesize the major findings of studies designed to identify minority women’s perceptions of physical activity.
EIS_AUTO_FIT and SPEC_GAUSS_EIS: Gaussian fitting routines for the Hinode/EIS mission
Creators: name: Young, Peter R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) was launched aboard the Hinode spacecraft in 2006. EIS observes the solar atmosphere in the two EUV channels 170-212 Angstroms and 246-292 Angstroms. A basic requirement for any emission line spectroscopy mission is a set of software suitable for fitting Gaussians to lines in order to derive intensity, velocity and line widths. This document describes a set of IDL routines available for the Hinode/EIS mission that are intended to cover most situations encountered by EIS observers.
description: This is version 3.1 of this document, which was first released on 27 August 2021 through the Solarsoft IDL distribution.
Gaussian processes - a gentle introduction
Creators: name: Rajpaul, Vinesh Maguire
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gaussian processes
Exoplanets
Stellar activity
Correlated noise
Nuisance signals
Doppler spectroscopy
Transit photometry

description: Slides presented at the Exoplanets Astrostatistics Summer School (12-16 Sept. 2022 in Geneva). The presentation introduces Gaussian processes, and outlines several exoplanet-focused applications.
Assessing the Capacity of Health Departments to Engage in Community-Based Participatory Public Health
Creators: name: Eng, Eugenia
name: Parker, Edith
name: Margolis, Lewis H.
name: Henríquez-Roldán, Carlos
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Objectives. We created indicators of local public health agency capacity to engage in community-based participatory public health.
Reply to the commentary "Be careful when assuming the obvious", by P. Alday
Creators: name: Ferrer-i-Cancho, Ramon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we respond to some comments by Alday concerning headedness in linguistic theory and the validity of the assumptions of a mathematical model for word order. For brevity, we focus only on two assumptions: the unit of measurement of dependency length and the monotonicity of the cost of a dependency as a function of its length. We also revise the implicit psychological bias in Alday's comments. Notwithstanding, Alday is indicating the path for linguistic research with his unusual concerns about parsimony from multiple dimensions.
description: Minor corrections (language improved)
Child Participation in WIC: Medicaid Costs and Use of Health Care Services
Creators: name: Roholt, Sarah J.
name: Buescher, Paul A.
name: Devaney, Barbara L.
name: Lenihan, Alice J.
name: Kotch, Jonathan B.
name: Whitmire, J. Timothy
name: Horton, Stephanie J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Objectives. We used data from birth certificates, Medicaid, and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) to examine the relationship of child participation in WIC to Medicaid costs and use of health care services in North Carolina.