Ulivellia arcuata Kovac & Kameneva & Korneyev & Araújo & Savaris & Smit & Schneider & Schreiber & Korneyev 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kovac, Damir
name: Kameneva, Elena P.
name: Korneyev, Severyn V.
name: Araújo, Alexandre Santos
name: Savaris, Marcoandre
name: Smit, John T.
name: Schneider, Alexander
name: Schreiber, Robert
name: Korneyev, Valery A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Ulidiidae
Ulivellia
Ulivellia arcuata

description: Ulivellia arcuata Kovac & Kameneva sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ED4AA956-CA63-4B5F-8B77-24B896D29846
Figs 4 D, E, 7 C, 9 D, E, 51–52, 58.
Material examined. Type. Holotype ♂: “ Bolivia: Santa Cruz, near Buena / Vista (near hotel Flora & Fauna) [17.5009S, 63.6743W], larva in the internode of felled bamboo (Guadua chacoensis, last year), emerged on 16.ii.2011, / Bol Z30/6/11 leg. D. Kovac ” (SMF).
Paratypes: 2♂, Bolivia: Santa Cruz, near Buena Vista (near hotel Flora & Fauna) [17.5009S, 63.6743W], larva in the internode of felled bamboo (Guadua chacoensis, last year), emerged on 18.ii.2011, Bol Z30/7/11 (leg. D. Kovac); 2 ♂, 1♀ (1♂, 1♀ dissected), idem [17.5009S, 63.6743W], labels as in holotype, except emerged on 18.ii.2011, Bol Z31/2/11; 1♂ [17.5009S, 63.6743W], emerged on 16.ii.2011, Bol Z30/6/11; 2♀ [17.4734S, 63.6922W], emerged on 25.ii.2011, Bol Z32/4/11 (leg. D. Kovac); idem [17.4734S, 63.6922W], (El Cairo), larva in bamboo culm (Guadua chacoensis, last year), emerged on February 2011, Bol Z22/2/11, 1♀ (leg. D. Kovac).
Larvae. Bolivia: Buena Vista, 29.i.2011, BolZ22/11, 2 larvae (D. Kovac leg.) (SMF); idem 6.ii.2011, BolZ30/2/11, 5 larvae (D. Kovac leg.) (SMF).
Diagnosis. Ulivellia arcuata differs from all the other species of the genus by having wing with costal vein clearly bent at the level of pterostigma (Figs 4 D, E), as well as by the vein R 1 at pterostigma slightly dipping downwards, thickened and setulose, ending at level of crossvein dm-m; basal two-thirds of costal cell brown in both sexes; vein R 2+3 at apex close and subparallel to costa, turning towards it before very apex, sexually dimorphic wing pattern.
Description. Male. Head (Figs 51 D, E) ratio (length: height: width) = 1: 1.46: 1.5, mostly black, except frons, gena, and parafacial brownish yellow. Frons (Fig. 51 E) 2.1× longer than wide, brownish yellow with black ocellar triangle and vertical plates; orbits silver-white microtrichose, brownish yellow; parafacial narrow, 0.2–0.3× broader than postpedicel, white microtrichose. Frontal plates with 7–8 thin proclinate parafrontal setulae and 6–8 inclinate and partly proclinate frontal setae 0.3–0.5× longer than ocellar seta, frontal vitta with 5–7 interfrontal setae at each side; 1 very long orbital seta, as long as ocellar seta and 0.8× longer than inner vertical seta and 2–3× longer than outer vertical seta; postocellar seta very long, 0.6× longer than inner vertical seta; outer vertical seta short, 0.3–0.5× longer than inner vertical seta and hardly distinguishable from postocular setae forming one row, allied by 6–7 dorsal and 10–15 ventral occipital setae. Lunule very narrow, indistinguishable, orange. Eye = 1.4× higher than long. Face (above suture) as high as wide at transverse fold, brown to brownish orange, densely white microtrichose; epistome brown to black, sparsely white microtrichose, metallic shining, often with greenish or cyan sheen, conspicuously produced anteriorly and separated from upper part of face by deep suture. Clypeus brown to black, sparsely white microtrichose, metallic shining, often with cyan sheen, 0.7–0.8× higher than epistome. Gena brownish yellow, with long genal seta and 3–4 additional setae anterior of it, 0.6–0.8× longer than genal seta. Occiput black, except postgena brownish-yellow, with yellowish to cyan metallic sheen, moderate densely covered with greyish microtrichia partly hiding underlying cuticle; ventral part of occiput (postgena) with 3–4 setae almost as long as genal seta. Antenna brownish yellow; scape and pedicel with black setulae; postpedicel brown, often blackish antero-dorsally, whitish microtrichose, 1.7–1.9× longer than wide, apically rounded; arista black except yellow at base, almost bare. Mouthparts black, prementum black, shining. Palp yellow, brown in basal 1/6, with sparse and short black setulae, except 2–3 subapical setulae 2–3× longer than other setulae.
Thorax (Figs 51 B, F) black, with yellowish-green sheen and sparse yellow microtrichia not hiding underlying cuticle. Mesonotal scutum 1.3× longer than wide; with 3 almost inconspicuous vittae of lightly denser microtrichia, slightly brownish laterally in postsutural area, black setulose, with 8–10 rows of setulae between dorsocentral setulae; acrostichal setae absent; prescutellar area devoid of setulae. Scutellum dorsally flattened, black or brownish posteriorly, finely shagreened, sparsely microtrichose, devoid of setulae. Subscutellum subshining, dark brown. Mediotergite shining black, sparsely microtrichose. All the setae and setulae black.
Wing (Fig. 18) 4.2–5.1 mm (♂) 3.7–4.8 mm (♀) long; 2.8–2.9× longer than wide, with costal vein clearly bent at the level of pterostigma; basicostal cell partly hyaline; costal cell very long, 9–11× longer than wide, brown in basal 0.8 of length, with costa straight and uniformly covered with short setulae; pterostigma entirely brown, rhomboid, vein R 1 setulose dorsally at pterostigma level, thickened and slightly dipping downwards at pterostigma, ending at level of crossvein dm-m in ♂ or between r-m and dm-m in ♀; vein R 2+3 at apex bent anteriorly and then subparallel to costa, turning towards it before very apex. Crossvein r-m slightly distally (♂) or slightly proximally (♀) of middle of cell dm. Cell r 4+5 4.5–6× longer than wide, apically narrowed. Cell m1 narrow triangular; ultimate section of M 1 4× longer than crossvein dm-m and 3× (in ♂) or 1.9 (in ♀) as long as penultimate section. Vein CuA Z-shaped, cell cua with moderately long posteroapical lobe along vein CuP. Wing pattern with almost entirely brown cell br; sexually dimorphic, conspicuously darker in ♂, with 2 pairs of connected crossbands in ♀ (Fig. 4 E) or widely brown in anterior half in ♂ (Fig. 4 D). Calypters white, with white cilia. Halter brown with black knob.
Legs (Figs 51 B, D) with black coxae, trochanters, femora and tibiae, yellow tarsi, and usually ventrally yellowish fore coxa, fore femur, and mid knee; femora and tibiae usually with metallic greenish sheen and sparse white microtrichia, black setae and setulae. Mid femur anteriorly and posteriorly with short setulae, but without long erect setae; mid tibia ventrally with one spur-like seta 3× longer than tibia width.
Abdomen (Figs 51 G, 52A) entirely brown or black, tergites very finely shagreened and sparsely microtrichose, with yellowish-green metallic sheen, except tergite 5 of ♂ black with blue or violet sheen; setulae and setae black.
Male postabdomen. Cerci flat and joined by subtriangular proctiger (Figs 52 B, C, E). Epandrium ovoid, dorsally short, moderately setulose (Figs 52 B–E). Surstyli basally wide, mesally directed ventral lobe short and without pimple-like process, but with single sclerotised prensiseta at base; inner surstylus with row of 6–8 gradually enlarging prensisetae (Figs 52 B–D). Pregonites symmetrical, somewhat lobate, with 2 setulae ventro-mesally, anterior of postgonites (Figs 52 B, F). Postgonites on laterobasal part of the phallic guide lobes, with 5–6 small trichoid sensilla (Figs 52 C, F). Phallus short and wide, bowed to the right side of abdomen, neither coiled, nor hidden in the rest, apically with pair of denticles at both sides of gonopore (Figs 52 B–D, H).
Female postabdomen not dissected.
Larva. General structure: As in Aspistomella duo, body length 7.1–7.7 mm (median = 6.95, n = 8), width 1.8–2.1 mm (median = 2 mm, n = 8).
Pseudocephalon. As in A. duo. Second antennal segment retracted, not visible. Mouthhooks tapering at apices (Fig. 7C). Twenty-nine oral ridges adjacent to oral cavity, identical on both sides of the body (n = 1).
Cephalopharyngeal skeleton (Fig. 7 C). As in Aspistomella duo. Total length 1.2–1.3 mm (n = 3). Indentation between tips of apical tooth and ventral apodeme 0.67–0.85× as deep as wide; one specimen with one small preapical tooth, two specimens lack preapical tooth. Hypopharyngeal sclerite 3.8–5.3× longer than high. Hypopharyngeal bridge midway along the length of the hypopharyngeal sclerite. Parastomal bars curved, 1.1–1.2x as long as hypopharyngeal sclerite.
Thoracic segments I–III. As in A.duo. Anterior spiracles on thoracic segment I consist of 16–19 tubules (median = 17, n = 16 tubule rows from 8 larvae). The number of tubules on the left or right side of the same larva often differs by up to three tubules. The first thoracic segment bears 14 cuticular sensilla on each side of the body, the second and third thoracic segments bear 13 cuticular sensilla, type and position of sensilla as in Fig. 8.
Abdominal segments I–VII. Abdominal segments I–VII bear 13 cuticular sensilla on each side of the body and possess a pair of rudimentary lateral spiracles (see Fig. 8). Ventrally, the creeping welts on abdominal segments I–VII are arranged as follows: CW1 (Fig. 58 B): Five relatively continuous rows of spinules, third row short, spinules in second row slightly larger, all spinules acute and directed posteriorly. CW2 (Fig. 58 C). Two relatively continuous rows with acute spinules (rows b), followed by a central continuous row with larger spinules (row c), followed by a row with large spinules (row d) consisting of five horizontal sub-rows of five to eight large spinules each, laterally flanked by five transverse rows, caudal ends of transverse portions merging into slightly curved rows of smaller acute spinules; last row continuous with small acute bristles (row e). All spinules directed posteriorly. CW3 – CW7 (Fig. 58 D): similar to CW2, but two additional anterior rows (rows a), one of them with large spinules and the anterior one with small spinules, spinules in both rows directed anteriorly, other rows directed posteriorly.
Caudal segment. Caudal segment bears 13 cuticular sensilla on each body side (see Fig. 8). Caudal creeping welt CW8 similar in structure to W3 – CW7, but last row arranged along the anterior margin of perianal pad with anteriorly directed spinules.
Posterior spiracles (Figs 9 D, 58 F) oval, length 0.38–0.48 mm (median = 0.4, n = 18), width 0.29–0.37 mm (median = 0.33, n = 18), shortest distance between spiracles 0.72–0.95 mm (n = 10). Spiracular slits similar to those of U. tenoris, but with only 5–6 smooth turns ending in a roundish hook, shape of spiracular slits resembling the silhouette of a bowing person, yellow line above spiracular slit widening from base to margin of spiracular plate, spiracular plate mostly black, central area between spiracular slits often brown. Spiracular hair group 1: 5–7 hairs, hair group: 2 1 hair, hair group 3: 4–6 hairs and hair group 4: 9–15 hairs (n = 6 spiracles). Anal complex as in A. duo.
Puparium (Figs 9 E, 58 G). Length 5.3 and 5.5 mm; maximum width at 7th abdominal segment, 1.6 and 1.7 mm (n = 2); pale brown, darker at both ends; strongly tapering towards anterior end, broad towards the posterior end; posterior spiracles (Fig. 9 E) and creeping welts as in third instar.
Etymology. The species name “ arcuata ” reflects an uncommom wing shape, with conspicuously bowed costal vein on its anterior margin.
Biology. Larvae inhabit water-filled bamboo internode cavities of Guadua angustifolia, biology as in Aspistomella duo.
description: Published as part of Kovac, Damir, Kameneva, Elena P., Korneyev, Severyn V., Araújo, Alexandre Santos, Savaris, Marcoandre, Smit, John T., Schneider, Alexander, Schreiber, Robert & Korneyev, Valery A., 2024, Revision of the Aspistomella group of genera (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Pterocallinae: Lipsanini), pp. 1-117 in Zootaxa 5530 (1) on pages 90-93, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5530.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/14023149