cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
In search of Ecocide under EU Law. The international context and EU law perspectives
Creators: name: Rizzo, Alfredo
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2021
Subjects: International criminal law
Environmental
Ecocide
EU law

description: For some years now, the search for an ecocide has been promoted internationally. The Rome Statute is the formal context where environmental crimes might be inserted, although the Statute itself supports an explicit ICC competence for environmental crimes specifically related to war scenarios. In the European region, both the ECHR and the EU have developed a practice aimed at strengthening the fight against criminal acts with severe environmental impact. However, the competence of the EU with regard to both cooperation on criminal law and environmental standards is still shared with that of the Member States: this explains to a large extent the current Directive 2008/99 on environmental crimes, where sanctions for this type of crimes are still defined in broad terms. The paper submits that alternatively an autonomous legal source on Ecocide might be adopted under art. 83 TFEU.
Phonon counting and intensity interferometry of a nanomechanical resonator
Creators: name: Cohen, Justin D.
name: Meenehan, Sean M.
name: MacCabe, Gregory S.
name: Groblacher, Simon
name: Safavi-Naeini, Amir H.
name: Marsili, Francesco
name: Shaw, Matthew D.
name: Painter, Oskar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using an optical probe along with single photon detection we have performed effective phonon counting measurements of the acoustic emission and absorption processes in a nanomechanical resonator. Applying these measurements in a Hanbury Brown and Twiss set-up, phonon correlations of the nanomechanical resonator are explored from below to above threshold of a parametric instability leading to self-oscillation of the resonator. Discussion of the results in terms of a "phonon laser", and analysis of the sensitivity of the phonon counting technique are presented.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Maternal Oral Bacterial Levels Predict Early Childhood Caries Development
Creators: name: Weintraub, J.A.
name: Featherstone, J.D.B.
name: Ramos-Gomez, F.J.
name: Gansky, S.A.
name: Chaffee, B.W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Objective: To calculate the association of maternal salivary bacterial challenge (mutans streptococci [MS] and lactobacilli [LB]) from pregnancy through 24 months’ postpartum with child caries incidence (≥1 cavitated or restored teeth) at 36 months. Materials & Methods: Dental, salivary bacterial, sociodemographic, and behavioral measures were collected at three- to six-month intervals from a birth cohort of low-income Hispanic mother-child dyads (N = 243). We calculated the relative child caries incidence, adjusted for confounding, following higher maternal challenge of MS (>4500 colony-forming units per milliliter of saliva [CFU/mL]) and LB (>50 CFU/mL) based on multivariable models. Results: Salivary MS and LB levels were greater among mothers of caries-affected children versus caries-free children. Mothers with higher salivary MS challenge were more likely to have MS-positive children (>0 CFU/mL), but maternal LB challenge was not a statistically significant predictor of child LB-positive status. Adjusting for sociodemographics, feeding and care practices, and maternal dental status, higher maternal salivary challenge of both MS and LB over the study period predicted nearly double the child caries incidence versus lower MS and LB (cumulative incidence ratio: 1.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 3.8). Conclusion: Maternal salivary bacterial challenge not only is associated with oral infection among children but also predicts increased early childhood caries occurrence.
HD 152246 - a new high-mass triple system and its basic properties
Creators: name: Nasseri, A.
name: Chini, R.
name: Harmanec, P.
name: Mayer, P.
name: Nemravová, J. A.
name: Dembsky, T.
name: Lehmann, H.
name: Sana, H.
name: Bouquin, J. -B. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analyses of multi-epoch, high-resolution (R ~ 50.000) optical spectra of the O-type star HD 152246 (O9 IV according to the most recent classification), complemented by a limited number of earlier published radial velocities, led to the finding that the object is a hierarchical triple system, where a close inner pair (Ba-Bb) with a slightly eccentric orbit (e = 0.11) and a period of 6.0049 days revolves in a 470-day highly eccentric orbit (e = 0.865) with another massive and brighter component A. The mass ratio of the inner system must be low since we were unable to find any traces of the secondary spectrum. The mass ratio A/(Ba+Bb) is 0.89. The outer system has recently been resolved using long-baseline interferometry on three occasions. The interferometry confirms the spectroscopic results and specifies elements of the system. Our orbital solutions, including the combined radial-velocity and interferometric solution indicate an orbital inclination of the outer orbit of 112° and stellar masses of 20.4 and 22.8 solar masses. We also disentangled the spectra of components A and Ba and compare them to synthetic spectra from two independent programmes, TLUSTY and FASTWIND. In either case, the fit was not satisfactory and we postpone a better determination of the system properties for a future study, after obtaining observations during the periastron passage of the outer orbit (the nearest chance being March 2015). For the moment, we can only conclude that component A is an O9 IV star with v*sin(i) = 210 +\- 10 km/s and effective temperature of 33000 +\- 500 K, while component Ba is an O9 V object with v*sin(i) = 65 +/- 3 km/s and T_eff = 33600 +\- 600 K.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
'ई-लर्निंग पर्यावरण, अडथळे आणि आव्हाने'
Creators: name: श्रीमती नाटकर संगीता शेषराव
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: ई-लर्निंग, इंटरनेट, संगणक आणि कौशल्ये इ.

description: गोषवारा-  औपचारिक अध्यापनावर आधारित परंतु इलेक्ट्रॉनिक संसाधनांच्या मदतीने शिकण्याची प्रणाली ई-लर्निंग म्हणून ओळखली जाते. अध्यापन वर्गात किंवा बाहेर आधारित असू शकते, संगणक आणि इंटरनेटचा वापर हा ई-लर्निंगचा प्रमुख घटक आहे. ई-लर्निंगला कौशल्य आणि ज्ञानाचे नेटवर्क-सक्षम हस्तांतरण असेही म्हटले जाऊ शकते आणि शिक्षणाचे वितरण मोठ्या संख्येने प्राप्तकर्त्यांना एकाच वेळी किंवा वेगवेगळ्या वेळी केले जाते. पूर्वी, हे मनापासून स्वीकारले जात नव्हते कारण या प्रणालीमध्ये शिक्षणासाठी आवश्यक असलेल्या मानवी घटकांची कमतरता आहे असे गृहीत धरले जात होते. यात संगणक-आधारित ई-लर्निंग आणि इंटरनेट-आधारित ई-लर्निंग असे दोन प्राथमिक प्रकार आहेत. वर्गीकरणाची ही पद्धत अधिक अचूक म्हणून पाहिली जाऊ शकते कारण ती ऑनलाइन शिक्षणापासून ई-लर्निंगमध्ये फरक करते, ज्यापैकी दोन अनेकदा चुकीच्या पद्धतीने परस्पर बदलून वापरल्या जातात. ई-लर्निंगचे काही प्रकार जसे की CML आणि CAL ऑनलाइन घेणे आवश्यक नाही, परंतु तरीही ते ई-लर्निंगचे प्रकार मानले जातात. मूलभूतपणे, ई-लर्निंगच्या दोन श्रेणी आहेत: सिंक्रोनस, एसिंक्रोनस. आज, ई-लर्निंगचा अवलंब केवळ विद्यार्थीच करत नाहीत, तर त्यांच्या कर्मचार्‍यांना प्रशिक्षण देऊ इच्छिणाऱ्या संस्थांद्वारेही केले जाते. कर्मचार्‍यांची कौशल्ये आणि त्यातून निर्माण होणारे आर्थिक फायदे सुधारण्यासाठी उत्सुक असलेल्या व्यवसायांसाठी ई-लर्निंग हे प्राधान्य आहे. म्हणूनच ऑनलाइन लर्निंग हा शिक्षण आणि व्यवसाय या दोन्हीसाठी महत्त्वाचा घटक बनला आहे. १९२४ मध्ये, पहिल्या चाचणी मशीनचा शोध लागला. या उपकरणामुळे विद्यार्थ्यांना स्वतःची चाचणी घेता आली. त्यानंतर, १९५४ मध्ये, हार्वर्डचे प्राध्यापक बी.एफ. स्किनर यांनी "शिक्षण यंत्र" चा शोध लावला, ज्यामुळे शाळांना त्यांच्या विद्यार्थ्यांना प्रोग्राम केलेल्या सूचनांचे व्यवस्थापन करता आले. 1960 पर्यंत पहिला संगणक आधारित प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रम जगासमोर आला होता. हा संगणक-आधारित प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रम (किंवा CBT प्रोग्राम) PLATO म्हणून ओळखला जातो.
Fast charging stations with stationary batteries: A techno-economic comparison of fast charging along highways and in cities
Creators: name: Funke, Simon
name: Jochem, Patrick
name: Ried, Sabrina
name: Gnann, Till
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2020
Subjects: BEV
fast charging
stationary battery
techno-economic analysis
grid connection

description: Fast charging infrastructure is widely acknowledged as necessary for the market success of electric vehicles. However, fast charging requires cost intensive infrastructure and grid connections. Accordingly, the risk of sunk cost is high, although fast charging infrastructure might be profitable in the medium to long term. In addition, the demand for fast charging varies greatly and the maximum power of charging stations may only be needed for a short time period per week. Although the profitability of stationary storages and the demand for fast charging have gained broad attention in literature, the specific question of how and under what circumstances stationary batteries can increase the profitability of fast charging stations has not yet been addressed for all potential applications. Here, we analyze the extent to which stationary storages can increase the profitability of fast charging stations by reduced grid connection costs on the one hand and additional revenues from intraday trading of electricity on the other hand. We compare different battery technologies and distinguish two use cases: fast charging in cities and along highways. Our results indicate that the profitability of a stationary storage installed together with a fast charging station depends on various parameters. While for a city fast charging station, intraday trading might lead to lower cost, this is not the case for highway stations since the heavy use motivated by intraday trading can significantly shorten battery life. Our results underline the importance of second life batteries since low-cost batteries have a significant impact on the system’s profitability.
Remineralization effect of CPP-ACP and fluoride for white spot lesions in vitro
Creators: name: Swift, Edward
name: Oliveira, Gustavo M.S.
name: Ritter, André V.
name: Donovan, Terry
name: Heymann, Harald O.
name: Brock, Guy
name: Wright, Tim
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This in vitro study compared the remineralization effect on white spot lesions of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème, or CPP-ACP (MI Paste™), 1.1% NaF dentifrice containing 5000 ppm of fluoride (ControlRX™), or CPP-ACP crème with 900 ppm of fluoride (MI Paste Plus™) with that of a control.
ALMA-IMF IV -- A comparative study of the main hot cores in W43-MM1: detection, temperature and molecular composition
Creators: name: Brouillet, N.
name: Despois, D.
name: Molet, J.
name: Nony, T.
name: Motte, F.
name: Gusdorf, A.
name: Louvet, F.
name: Bontemps, S.
name: Herpin, F.
name: Bonfand, M.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Ginsburg, A.
name: Cunningham, N.
name: Galvan-Madrid, R.
name: Maud, L.
name: Busquet, G.
name: Bronfman, L.
name: Fernandez-Lopez, M.
name: Jeff, D. L.
name: Lefloch, B.
name: Pouteau, Y.
name: Sanhueza, P.
name: Stutz, A. M.
name: Valeille-Manet, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: W43-MM1 is a young region, very rich in terms of high-mass star formation. We aim to systematically identify the massive cores which contain a hot core and compare their molecular composition. We used ALMA high-spatial resolution (2500 au) data of W43-MM1 to identify line-rich protostellar cores and make a comparative study of their temperature and molecular composition. The identification of hot cores is based on both the spatial distribution of the complex organic molecules and the contribution of molecular lines relative to the continuum intensity. We rely on the analysis of CH3CN and CH3CCH to estimate the temperatures of the selected cores. Finally, we rescale the spectra of the different hot cores based on their CH3OCHO line intensities to directly compare the detections and line intensities of the other species. W43-MM1 turns out to be a region rich in massive hot cores with at least 1 less massive and 7 massive hot cores. The excitation temperature of CH3CN is of the same order for all of them (120-160 K). There is a factor of up to 30 difference in the intensity of the complex organic molecules (COMs) lines. However the molecular emission of the hot cores appears to be the same within a factor 2-3. This points towards both a similar chemical composition and excitation of most of the COMs over these massive cores, which span about an order of magnitude in core mass. In contrast, CH3CCH emission is found to preferentially trace more the envelope, with a temperature ranging from 50 K to 90 K. Core 1, the most massive hot core of W43-MM1, shows a richer line spectrum than the other cores. In core 2, the emission of O-bearing molecules does not peak at the dust continuum core center; the blue and red shifted emission correspond to the outflow lobes, suggesting a formation via the sublimation of the ice mantles through shocks or UV irradiation on the walls of the cavity.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Parental compensatory behaviors and early child health outcomes in Cebu, Philippines
Creators: name: Liu, Haiyong
name: Adair, Linda
name: Mroz, Thomas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: A dynamic optimization model of parents choosing investments in their children’s health motivates an empirical model of parents’ choices of health inputs for their children and the impacts of these decisions on their children’s subsequent health. Estimates of the child health input demand functions and the child health production functions from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey accord with the prediction that optimizing behavior results in higher levels of aggregate child health. Observable parental behaviors respond to the physical developmental status of their children. These parental responses appear to yield large and statistically significant improvements in children’s early physiological outcomes. However, because some health inputs choices are not observable, it is impossible to ascertain whether these measured effects are due solely to variations in the observed input choices.
Corporate Communication – Workforce Retention (SZEKO-MEM-2023) Survey: table of the survey questions
Creators: name: Borgulya, Ágnes
name: Konczosné Szombathelyi, Márta
name: Balogh, Gábor
name: Borgulya, Gábor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In their "Corporate Communication – Workforce Retention" project (original Hungarian name "Szervezeti Kommunikáció – Megtartani a Munkaerőt", acronym SZEKO-MEM) the authors compiled the SZEKO-MEM-2023 Survey. The downloadable spreadsheet contains the survey questions. Multiple research projects are in progress that include analyses of the data collected with this survey, with the help of the https://www.survio.com/en/ system.
MeerKAT radio observations of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary Cen X-4 at low accretion rates
Creators: name: Eijnden, J. van den
name: Fender, R.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Russell, T. D.
name: Saikia, P.
name: Sivakoff, G. R.
name: Carotenuto, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Centaurus X-4 (Cen X-4) is a relatively nearby neutron star low-mass X-ray binary that showed outbursts in 1969 and 1979, but has not shown a full outburst since. Due to its proximity and sustained period of quiescence, it is a prime target to study the coupling between accretion and jet ejection in quiescent neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries. Here, we present four MeerKAT radio observations at 1.3 GHz of Cen X-4, combined with NICER and Swift X-ray monitoring. During the first and most sensitive observation, Cen X-4 was in a fully quiescent X-ray state. The three later and shorter observations targeted a brief period of faint X-ray activity in January 2021, which has been referred to as a 'mis-fired' outburst. Cen X-4 is not detected in any of the four MeerKAT observations. We place these radio non-detections on the X-ray -- radio luminosity diagram, improving the constraints on the correlation between the two luminosities from earlier quiescent radio studies. We confirm that Cen X-4 is radio fainter than the transitional milli-second pulsar PSR J1023+0038 at the same X-ray luminosity. We discuss the radio behaviour of accreting neutron stars at low X-ray luminosity more generally and finally comment on future observing campaigns.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Lepton Flavour Violation in Hadron Decays of the Tau Lepton within the Littlest Higgs Model with T-parity
Creators: name: Pacheco, Iván
name: Roig, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We first study the hadronic lepton flavor violating tau decays within the littlest Higgs model with T-parity (including one or two pseudoscalars, or a vector resonance). We consider the case where only T-odd particles and partner fermions contribute, and also its extension including Majorana neutrinos coming from an inverse seesaw. In both cases our mean values lie only one order of magnitude below current upper limits, strengthening the case of searching for these decays in the quest for new physics.
description: 36 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables. Improved presentation and more concise phenomenological analysis. Version accepted for publication in JHEP
Revisiting the Emission from Relativistic Blast Waves in a Density-Jump Medium
Creators: name: Geng, J. J.
name: Wu, X. F.
name: Li, Liang
name: Huang, Y. F.
name: Dai, Z. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Re-brightening bumps are frequently observed in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. Many scenarios have been proposed to interpret the origin of these bumps, of which a blast wave encountering a density-jump in the circumburst environment has been questioned by recent works. We develop a set of differential equations to calculate the relativistic outflow encountering the density-jump by extending the work of Huang et al. (1999). This approach is a semi-analytic method and is very convenient. Our results show that late high-amplitude bumps can not be produced under common conditions, only short plateau may emerge even when the encounter occurs at early time ($< 10^4$ s). In general, our results disfavor the density-jump origin for those observed bumps, which is consistent with the conclusion drawn from full hydrodynamics studies. The bumps thus should be due to other scenarios.
description: 23 pages, 5 Figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Wars and child health: Evidence from the Eritrean–Ethiopian conflict
Creators: name: Thirumurthy, Harsha
name: Lucchetti, Leonardo
name: Akresh, Richard
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Conflict between and within countries can have lasting health and economic consequences, but identifying such effects can be empirically challenging. This paper uses household survey data from Eritrea to estimate the effect of exposure to the 1998–2000 Eritrea-Ethiopia war on children’s health. The identification strategy exploits exogenous variation in the conflict’s geographic extent and timing and the exposure of different birth cohorts to the fighting. The unique survey data include details on each household’s migration history, which allows us to measure a child’s geographic location during the war and without which war exposure would be incorrectly classified. War-exposed children have lower height-for-age Z-scores, with similar effects for children born before or during the war. Both boys and girls who are born during the war experience negative impacts due to conflict. Effects are robust to including region-specific time trends, alternative conflict exposure measures, and mother fixed effects.
The application of radiation diffuse scattering to the calculation of phase diagrams of F.C.C. substitutional alloys
Creators: name: Tatarenko, V. A.
name: Radchenko, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using quantitative information about the radiation diffuse-scattering intensity of the disordered f.c.c. substitutional alloy the Fourier component of mixing energies of atoms may be estimated. We have to use the measurement data of the diffuse-scattering intensities at the corresponding reciprocal-space points k of the disordered phase and then determine the parameter w(k). The statistical thermodynamics of the nonideal solid solution is determined by these energy parameters {w(k)}. Therefore, one can obtain the configuration free energy of an alloy, F = U - TS (U - internal energy, S - entropy), and then determine its fundamental thermodynamic characteristics, including not only its phase diagram, but also the concentration-dependent order-disorder transformation temperature, temperature and concentration long-range order parameter dependences, chemical activity, heat capacity etc. Some thermodynamic properties are calculated within the framework of the statistical-thermodynamic approach for f.c.c.-Ni-Fe alloy. The diffuse-scattering intensity values are taken from data in the literature.
Cash Transfer Programme, Productive Activities and Labour Supply: Evidence from a Randomised Experiment in Kenya
Creators: name: Dewbre, Josh
name: Davis, Benjamin
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Winters, Paul
name: Handa, Sudhanshu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This paper reports analysis of the impact of Kenya’s Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Programme on the household decisions on productive activities using data from a randomized experimental design. Results show that the programme had a positive and significant impact on food consumption coming from home production, accumulation of productive assets, especially on the ownership of small livestock and on formation of nonfarm enterprise, especially for females. The programme has provided more flexibility to families in terms of labour allocation decisions, particularly for those who are geographically isolated. The programme was also found to have reduced child labour, an important objective of the programme. However we find very little impact of the programme on direct indicators of crop production.
Testing the Homogeneity of Type Ia Supernovae in the Near-Infrared for Accurate Distance Estimations
Creators: name: Müller-Bravo, T. E.
name: Galbany, L.
name: Karamehmetoglu, E.
name: Stritzinger, M.
name: Burns, C.
name: Phan, K.
name: Ferres, A. Iáñez
name: Anderson, J. P.
name: Ashall, C.
name: Baron, E.
name: Hoeflich, P.
name: Hsiao, E. Y.
name: de Jaeger, T.
name: Kumar, S.
name: Lu, J.
name: Phillips, M. M.
name: Shahbandeh, M.
name: Suntzeff, N.
name: Uddin, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) have been extensively used as standardisable candles in the optical for several decades. However, SNe Ia have shown to be more homogeneous in the near-infrared (NIR), where the effect of dust extinction is also attenuated. In this work, we explore the possibility of using a low number of NIR observations for accurate distance estimations, given the homogeneity at these wavelengths. We found that one epoch in $J$ and/or $H$ band, plus good $gr$-band coverage, gives an accurate estimation of peak magnitudes in $J$ ($J_{max}$) and $H$ ($H_{max}$) bands. The use of a single NIR epoch only introduces an additional scatter of $\sim0.05$ mag for epochs around the time of $B$-band peak magnitude ($T_{max}$). We also tested the effect of optical cadence and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in the estimation of $T_{max}$ and its uncertainty propagation to the NIR peak magnitudes. Both cadence and S/N have a similar contribution, where we constrained the introduced scatter of each to $<0.02$ mag in $J_{max}$ and $<0.01$ in $H_{max}$. However, these effects are expected to be negligible, provided the data quality is comparable to that obtained for observations of nearby SNe ($z\lesssim0.1$). The effect of S/N in the NIR was tested as well. For SNe Ia at $0.08
description: Accepted in A&A
title: A computer model that forecasts the cash flow of building projects at the tender stage using stage payments
Creators: name: Anthony Blyth, Karl
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Cash flow forecasting is an indispensable tool for construction companies and is essential for the survival of any contractor at all stages of the work. Cash flow forecasting at the tendering stage needs to be simple and fast, considering the short time available and the associated cost. The thesis describes the methodology for the development of a computer model that forecasts the cash flow of construction projects at the tender stage, based on minimal project information, using both traditional and user defined stage payment approaches. A review of existing construction planning and duration prediction models, along with cost control and cost prediction models are presented. The various benefits, limitations, applications and requirements of such models etc. are highlighted. Specific attention is paid to the relationship between cost and duration and a review of time-cost models is also presented. A detailed review of the Latham reports, stage payments, the New Engineering Contract, the Egan reports, standardisation, concurrent construction, cash flow forecasting and S-curves, are also presented. The programme data of a total of fifty-six buildings were collected from a cross section of the construction industry with an accompanying set of twenty-one pre-determined project characteristics that defined each building. The research involved constructing a standardised works programme for fifty of the buildings. This contributes to the framework of a computer model that uses the most influential project characteristics to predict the costs, durations and time lags of between twenty (minimum) and thirty-nine (maximum) pre-determined activities in a schedule with a set sequence and dependencies. This schedule is used in the final model that is able to forecast cash flow. Standard cost curves (S-curves) were predicted and calculated in order to evaluate how the accuracy of the model compared with actual results. Three tests were then conducted in order to determine the accuracy of the fits of the necessary S-curve models. These included testing the accuracy of actual and predicted individual fits and individual against average fits, with the premise that a standard curve can be used for certain established groupings. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that the cost, duration and time lag of all of the activities for all of the projects can be predicted with an accuracy of at least 85% when compared to the actual. The results of a questionnaire that attempted to learn more about stage payments and the Latham recommendations in general and to what the industry thinks of such a payment approach is also presented. A set of six projects not used in the development of the models was used to test and validate every aspect of the research. It was concluded that the results were more accurate than existing models.
Racial Differences in Parental Reports of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Behaviors
Creators: name: Heinrichs, Brenda
name: Foster, E Michael
name: Hillemeier, Marianne M.
name: Heier, Brigitt
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Accurate assessment of racial disparities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) depends on measurement that is equally valid for all groups. This study examines differences among African American and white children in ADHD measurement with a widely used parental report instrument, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC).
Rapidity resummation for $B$-meson wave functions
Creators: name: Shen, Yue-Long
name: Wang, Yu-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) hadronic wave functions develop light-cone divergences under QCD corrections, which are commonly regularized by the rapidity $ζ$ of gauge vector defining the non-light-like Wilson lines. The yielding rapidity logarithms from infrared enhancement need to be resummed for both hadronic wave functions and short-distance functions, to achieve scheme-independent calculations of physical quantities. We briefly review the recent progress on the rapidity resummation for $B$-meson wave functions which are the key ingredients of TMD factorization formulae for radiative-leptonic, semi-leptonic and non-leptonic $B$-meson decays. The crucial observation is that rapidity resummation induces a strong suppression of $B$-meson wave functions at small light-quark momentum, strengthening the applicability of TMD factorization in exclusive $B$-meson decays. The phenomenological consequence of rapidity-resummation improved $B$-meson wave functions is further discussed in the context of $B \to π$ transition form factors at large hadronic recoil.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, Conference proceedings for the workshop of QCD@work, Giovinazzo (Italy), June 16-19, 2014
Bystander effects and their implications for clinical radiation therapy: Insights from multiscale in silico experiments
Creators: name: Powathil, Gibin G
name: Munro, Alastair J
name: Chaplain, Mark AJ
name: Swat, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Radiotherapy is a commonly used treatment for cancer and is usually given in varying doses. At low radiation doses relatively few cells die as a direct response to radiation but secondary radiation effects such as DNA mutation or bystander effects affect many cells. Consequently it is at low radiation levels where an understanding of bystander effects is essential in designing novel therapies with superior clinical outcomes. In this article, we use a hybrid multiscale mathematical model to study the direct effects of radiation as well as radiation-induced bystander effects on both tumour cells and normal cells. We show that bystander responses may play a major role in mediating radiation damage to cells at low-doses of radiotherapy, doing more damage than that due to direct radiation. The survival curves derived from our computational simulations showed an area of hyper-radiosensitivity at low-doses that are not obtained using a traditional radiobiological model.
Evolution of massive stars with new hydrodynamic wind models
Creators: name: Gormaz-Matamala, A. C.
name: Curé, M.
name: Meynet, G.
name: Cuadra, J.
name: Groh, J. H.
name: Murphy, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present evolutionary models for a set of massive stars, introducing a new prescription for the mass-loss rate obtained from hydrodynamical calculations in which the wind velocity profile, $v(r)$, and the line-acceleration, $g_\text{line}$, are obtained in a self consistently way. Replacing mass-loss rates at the Main Sequence stage from the standard Vink's formula by our new recipe, we generate a new set of evolutionary tracks for $M_\text{ZAMS}=25,40,70$ and $120\,M_\odot$ and metallicities $Z=0.014$ (Galactic), $Z=0.006$ (LMC), and $Z=0.002$ (SMC). Our new derived formula for mass-loss rate predicts a dependence $\dot M\propto Z^a$, where $a$ is not longer constant but dependent on the stellar mass: ranging from $a\sim0.53$ when $M_*\sim120\;M_\odot$, to $a\sim1.02$ when $M_*\sim25\;M_\odot$. We found that models adopting the new recipe for $\dot M$ retain more mass during their evolution, which is expressed in larger radii and consequently more luminous tracks over the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. These differences are more prominent for the cases of $M_\text{ZAMS}=70$ and 120 $M_\odot$ at solar metallicity, where we found self-consistent tracks are $\sim0.1$ dex brighter and keep extra mass up to 20 $M_\odot$, compared with the classical models using the previous formulation for mass-loss rate. Moreover, we observed remarkable differences for the evolution of the radionuclide isotope $^{26}$Al in the core and the surface of the star. Since $\dot M_\text{sc}$ are weaker than the commonly adopted values for evolutionary tracks, self-consistent tracks predict a later modification in the abundance number of $^{26}$Al in the stellar winds. This new behaviour could provide useful information about the real contribution of this isotope from massive stars to the Galactic interstellar medium.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Experimental Realization of Quantum Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Zhaokai, Li
name: Xiaomei, Liu
name: Nanyang, Xu
name: jiangfeng, Du
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machines are possible to have some artificial intelligence like human beings owing to particular algorithms or software. Such machines could learn knowledge from what people taught them and do works according to the knowledge. In practical learning cases, the data is often extremely complicated and large, thus classical learning machines often need huge computational resources. Quantum machine learning algorithm, on the other hand, could be exponentially faster than classical machines using quantum parallelism. Here, we demonstrate a quantum machine learning algorithm on a four-qubit NMR test bench to solve an optical character recognition problem, also known as the handwriting recognition. The quantum machine learns standard character fonts and then recognize handwritten characters from a set with two candidates. To our best knowledge, this is the first artificial intelligence realized on a quantum processor. Due to the widespreading importance of artificial intelligence and its tremendous consuming of computational resources, quantum speedup would be extremely attractive against the challenges from the Big Data.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Three loop effective potential for $\langle \frac{1}{2} { A_μ^a }^2 \rangle$ in the Landau gauge in QCD
Creators: name: Gracey, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the Local Composite Operator method to construct the three loop effective potential for the dimension two operator $\frac{1}{2} { A_μ^a }^2$ in the Landau gauge in Quantum Chromodynamics. For $SU(3)$ we show that the three loop value of the effective mass of the gluon is similar to the two loop estimates when the number of massless quarks is strictly less than five for $SU(3)$.
description: 29 latex pages, 5 figures, 11 tables, minor text changes
Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Physical Activity in Very Low-Income Children
Creators: name: Jones-Smith, Jessica C.
name: Ozer, Emily J.
name: DiGirolamo, Ann M.
name: Neufeld, Lynnette M.
name: Fernald, Lia C. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: To test the contribution of maternal depression during late infancy to physical activity in children five years later.
Statistical Thermodynamics and Ordering Kinetics of D019-Type Phase: Application of the Models for H.C.P.-Ti-Al Alloy
Creators: name: Radchenko, T. M.
name: Tatarenko, V. A.
name: Zapolsky, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the self-consistent field approximation, the static concentration waves approach and the Onsager-type kinetics equations, the descriptions of both the statistical thermodynamics and the kinetics of an atomic ordering of D019 phase are developed and applied for h.c.p.-Ti-Al alloy. The model of order-disorder phase transformation describes the phase transformation of h.c.p. solid solution into the D019 phase. Interatomic-interaction parameters are estimated for both approximations: one supposes temperature-independent interatomic-interaction parameters, while the other one includes the temperature dependence of interchange energies for Ti-Al alloy. The partial Ti-Al phase diagrams (equilibrium compositions of the coexistent ordered and disordered phases) are evaluated for both cases. The equation for the time dependence of D019- type long-range order (LRO) parameter is analyzed. The curves (showing the LRO parameter evolution) are obtained numerically for both temperature-independent interaction energies and temperature-dependent ones. Temperature dependence of the interatomic-interaction energies accelerates the LRO relaxation and diminishes a spread of the values of instantaneous and equilibrium LRO parameters versus the temperature. Both statistical-thermodynamics and kinetics results show that equilibrium LRO parameter for a non-stoichiometry (where an atomic fraction of alloying component is more than 0.25) can be higher than for a stoichiometry at high temperatures. The experimental phase diagram confirms the predicted (ordered or disordered) states for h.c.p.-Ti-Al.
Closing the window on fuzzy dark matter with the 21cm signal
Creators: name: Flitter, Jordan
name: Kovetz, Ely D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fuzzy dark matter (FDM) is a well motivated candidate for dark matter (DM) as its tiny mass and large de-Broglie wavelength suppress small-scale matter fluctuations, thereby solving some of the small-scale discrepancies in $Λ$CDM. Although it has been ruled out as the single component of DM by several observables, there is still a region in the FDM parameter space (the "FDM window", $10^{-25}\,\mathrm{eV}\lesssim m_\mathrm{FDM}\lesssim10^{-23}\,\mathrm{eV}$) where FDM is allowed to comprise a large portion of the total DM. In this work, for the first time, we study the signature of FDM (comprised of ultra-light axions) in fractions less than unity on the 21cm signal and its detectability by 21cm interferometers such as HERA, taking into account the degeneracy with both astrophysical and cosmological parameters, using a new pipeline that combines modified versions of the CAMB and 21cmFAST codes. Our forecasts imply that HERA in its design performance will be sensitive to FDM fractions as small as 1% in the FDM window, and improve over existing bounds for other masses by up to an order of magnitude.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures; fixed typo in Eq. 5, updated bounds, added figures; version accepted for publication in PRD
वाढत्या शहरीकरणाचे घटक आणि समस्या
Creators: name: डॉ. रविंद्र आर. सहारे
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: प्रस्तावना - 21 व्या शतकात शहरीकरण किंवा नागरीकरणाचा वेग प्रचंड वाढला आहे. आणि पुढील काही दशकात विकसनशील देशांमध्ये विशेषत: आशिया, आफ्रिका खंडात शहरीकरणाचा वेग अभूतपूर्ण असणार आहे असे भाकित आहे. महाराष्ट्रातील शहरीकरणाचा विचार करता महाराष्ट्र हे भारतातील 4 थ्या क्रमांकाचे शहरीकरण झालेले राज्य आहे. 1961 ते 2001 या कालावधीत महाराष्ट्रातील शहरी लोकसंख्या दुप्पट झाली आहे. शहरीकरण वाढत असताना आर्थिक कारणांसाठी होणाऱ्या स्थलांतराचे प्रमाणही वाढणारच आपल्या देशात विकास आणि स्थलांतराचे प्रश्न एकमेकांशी संबंधित असल्याचे अनेकदा दिसले आहे. छोट्या-मोठ्या शहराचा उदय आणि विस्तार होता- होता त्याचे रूपांतर महानगर मध्ये होणे हा औद्योगिक वाढीचा अपरिहार्य परिणाम आहे. आधुनिक शहरीकरण हा औद्योगिकीकरणाचा परिणाम आहे. शहरात उपलब्ध असणाऱ्या रोजगाराच्या आणि नोकरीच्या संधीमुळे खेड्याकडून शहराकडे येणाऱ्या लोकांचा ओघ सतत सुरू राहतो. शहर किंवा नगर ही संकल्पना भारतासाठी नवीन नाही अगदी प्राचीन कालखंडापासून भारतात नागरि संस्कृतीची सुरुवात झाली आहे. सर्वात प्राचीन समजल्य जाणाऱ्या सिंधू संस्कृतीतील मोहंजोदडो व हडप्पा हे नगराची उत्तम उदाहरणे आहेत. शहरातील विविध सुख सोयीकडे ग्रामीण जनतेने आकर्षित होणे साहजिक आहे. इस 1950 मध्ये जगाच्या एकूण लोकसंख्येपैकी 30% लोकसंख्या शहरात राहणारी होती. वर्तमान स्थितीत जगणाऱ्या एकूण लोकसंख्येपैकी 50% लोकसंख्या ही शहरवासी बनली आहे. शहर या वस्तीची व्याख्या करणे तेवढे सोपे नाही. भारतीय परंपरेत मोठ्या वस्ती समूहांना पूर-पुरा, नगर ( संस्कृतोद्भव) व शहर (अरेबिक) ही संबोधने वापरण्यात आल्यामुळे त्या वस्तीचा नागरी दर्जा कळू शकतो. भारतीय जनगणना जेव्हा (1875) रूढ झाली. तेव्हापासून 1961 पर्यंत ज्या गावाची लोकसंख्या 5000 किंवा जास्त असेल त्यांना शहर संबोधावे असे ठरले गेले यावरून वस्ती समूहाचा लोकसंख्येची निकट संबंध आहे हे सिद्ध होते. हा निकष सर्व राष्ट्रांमध्ये रूढ नसून याबाबतित राष्ट्रांमध्ये महत्त्वाचे पूरक आढळून येतात.
Patterns of Distress in African-American Mothers of Preterm Infants
Creators: name: Holditch-Davis, Diane
name: Beeber, Linda
name: Black, Beth
name: Weaver, Mark A.
name: Thoyre, Suzanne
name: Engelke, Stephen
name: Miles, Margaret Shandor
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: To examine inter-relationships among stress due to infant appearance and behavior in the NICU, parental role alteration stress in the NICU, depressive symptoms, state anxiety, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and daily hassles exhibited by African American mothers of preterm infants and to determine whether there were sub-groups of mothers based on patterns of psychological distress.
Constraining the Physical Properties of Stellar Coronal Mass Ejections with Coronal Dimming: Application to Far Ultraviolet Data of $ε$ Eridani
Creators: name: Loyd, R. O. Parke
name: Mason, James
name: Jin, Meng
name: Shkolnik, Evgenya L.
name: France, Kevin
name: Youngblood, Allison
name: Villadsen, Jackie
name: Schneider, Christian
name: Schneider, Adam C.
name: Llama, Joseph
name: Ramiaramanantsoa, Tahina
name: Richey-Yowell, Tyler
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are a prominent contributor to solar system space weather and might have impacted the Sun's early angular momentum evolution. A signal diagnostic of CMEs on the Sun is coronal dimming: a drop in coronal emission, tied to the mass of the CME, that is the direct result of removing emitting plasma from the corona. We present the results of a coronal dimming analysis of Fe XII 1349 A and Fe XXI 1354 A emission from $ε$ Eridani ($ε$ Eri), a young K2 dwarf, with archival far-ultraviolet observations by the Hubble Space Telescope's Cosmic Origins Spectrograph. Following a flare in February 2015, $ε$ Eri's Fe XXI emission declined by $81\pm5$%. Although enticing, a scant 3.8 min of preflare observations allows for the possibility that the Fe XXI decline was the decay of an earlier, unseen flare. Dimming nondetections following each of three prominent flares constrain the possible mass of ejected Fe XII-emitting (1 MK) plasma to less than a few $\times10^{15}$ g. This implies that CMEs ejecting this much or more 1 MK plasma occur less than a few times per day on $ε$ Eri. On the Sun, $10^{15}$ g CMEs occur once every few days. For $ε$ Eri, the mass loss rate due to CME-ejected 1 MK plasma could be $<0.6$ $\dot{M}_\odot$, well below the star's estimated 30 $\dot{M}_\odot$ mass loss rate (wind + CMEs). The order-of-magnitude formalism we developed for these mass estimates can be broadly applied to coronal dimming observations of any star.
description: 27 pages, 22 figures, accepted to ApJ
Evidence of distant spiral arms in the Galactic disk quadrant IV from VVV red clump giants
Creators: name: Kammers, R.
name: Saito, R. K.
name: Botan, E.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Alonso-García, J.
name: Smith, L. C.
name: Lucas, P. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of new clear windows in the Galactic plane using the VVV near-IR extinction maps allows the study of the structure of the Milky Way (MW) disk. The ultimate goal of this work is to map the spiral arms in the far side of the MW, which is a relatively unexplored region of our Galaxy, using red clump (RC) giants as distance indicators. We search for near-IR clear windows located at low Galactic latitudes ($|b|< 1$ deg) in the MW disk using the VVV near-IR extinction maps. We have identified two new windows named VVV WIN 1607-5258 and VVV WIN 1475-5877, respectively, that complement the previously known window VVV WIN 1713-3939. We analyse the distribution of RC stars in these three clear near-IR windows and measure their number density along the line of sight. This allows us to find overdensities in the distribution and measure their distances along the line of sight. We then use the VVV proper motions in order to measure the kinematics of the RC stars at different distances. We find enhancements in the distance distribution of RC giants in all the studied windows, interpreting them as the presence of spiral arms in the MW disk. These structures are absent in the current models of synthetic population for the same MW lines of sight. We were able to trace the end of the Galactic bar, the Norma arm, as well as the Scutum Centaurus arm in the far disk. Using the VVV proper motions, we measure the kinematics for these Galactic features, confirming that they share the bulk rotation of the Galactic disk.
description: Accepted for publication in PASA, 8 pages, 10 fugures and 1 table
Conditioned Placebo Dose Reduction: A new treatment in ADHD?
Creators: name: Glesne, Corrine E.
name: Bodfish, James W.
name: Sandler, Adrian D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This study examined if pairing a placebo with stimulant medication produces a placebo response that allows children with ADHD to be maintained on a lower dose of stimulant medication. Primary aim was to determine the efficacy, side effects and acceptability of a novel conditioned placebo dose reduction (CPDR) procedure.