cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Female choice by electric pulse duration: attractiveness of the males' communication signal assessed by female bulldog fish, Marcusenius pongolensis (Mormyridae, Teleostei)
Creators: name: Machnik, Peter
name: Kramer, Bernd
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: electric organ discharge, sexual selection, sensory exploitation, sensory bias, playback stimulation, electrocommunication, handicap, predation pressure
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: In adult males of the South African weakly electric bulldog fish, Marcusenius pongolensis, the duration of the electric organ discharge (EOD) increases with body size over lifetime. Although there is experimental support for intrasexual selection (male-male competition) having shaped the males' EOD pulse duration in evolution, nothing is known about intersexual selection, such as female choice. Playback of 25 natural male EODs of pulse duration varying from 320 μs (close to the average female value) to 716 μs, to eight female experimental subjects elicited approach, head butts and circling behaviour. The rate of head butts on the dipole electrode model increased significantly with stimulus pulse duration in seven out of eight experimental subjects. In ten experimental female subjects we contrasted the shortest playback pulse with simultaneous playback of one of four longer ones (424, 524, 628 and 716 μs). Pooled responses for all experimental subjects were stronger for the dipole playing back the longer pulse in a pulse pair. The difference in the number of head butts (Δhead butts) that were dealt the two dipoles per 60 s test session increased significantly with the difference in pulse duration (Δpulse duration). The increase followed a significant linear trend (P<0.0001). Similar results were obtained for Δassociation time, Δcircles with head butts, and Δcircles without head butts. These results suggest that a male's reproductive success is enhanced by longer, i.e. more attractive EODs, and that both intra- and intersexual selection must have played a significant role in shaping the EOD of male M. pongolensis.
PREPARING GLOBAL MINDED TEACHERS FOR U.S. Classrooms Through International Cross-Cultural Field Experiences.pdf
Creators: name: Aglazor, Genevieve
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Education

description: LONG with the call for globalization of teacher education across the United States of America,there is a growing emphasis for developing curricula aimed at preparing global minded teacherscapable of working with diverse student groups. Keeping this in mind, this article discusses howteacher education programs in the U.S. have introduced international cross-cultural field experiencesfor future teachers, in-service teachers, and teacher educators. The article begins with a brief review ofexisting literature on study abroad in teacher education, provides a description of an evolving modelfor a study abroad program to Honduras developed by two faculty members at Purdue University, andreports on findings from four research studies on the effects of international cross-cultural field experienceson preservice teachers who participated in the Honduras study abroad program. The article concludesby calling on universities around the world to globalize teacher education programs through collaborativestudy abroad programs.
Structure of Two-qubit Symmetric Informationally Complete POVMs
Creators: name: Zhu, Huangjun
name: Teo, Yong Siah
name: Englert, Berthold-Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the four-dimensional Hilbert space, there exist 16 Heisenberg--Weyl (HW) covariant symmetric informationally complete positive operator valued measures (SIC~POVMs) consisting of 256 fiducial states on a single orbit of the Clifford group. We explore the structure of these SIC~POVMs by studying the symmetry transformations within a given SIC~POVM and among different SIC~POVMs. Furthermore, we find 16 additional SIC~POVMs by a regrouping of the 256 fiducial states, and show that they are unitarily equivalent to the original 16 SIC~POVMs by establishing an explicit unitary transformation. We then reveal the additional structure of these SIC~POVMs when the four-dimensional Hilbert space is taken as the tensor product of two qubit Hilbert spaces. In particular, when either the standard product basis or the Bell basis are chosen as the defining basis of the HW group, in eight of the 16 HW covariant SIC~POVMs, all fiducial states have the same concurrence of $\sqrt{2/5}$. These SIC~POVMs are particularly appealing for an experimental implementation, since all fiducial states can be connected to each other with just local unitary transformations. In addition, we introduce a concise representation of the fiducial states with the aid of a suitable tabular arrangement of their parameters.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, 5 tables
Row-strict dual immaculate functions
Creators: name: Niese, Elizabeth
name: Sundaram, Sheila
name: van Willigenburg, Stephanie
name: Vega, Julianne
name: Wang, Shiyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A05, 05E05, 16T30

description: We define a new basis of quasisymmetric functions, the row-strict dual immaculate functions, as the generating function of a particular set of tableaux. We establish that this definition gives a function that can also be obtained by applying the $ψ$ involution to the dual immaculate functions of Berg, Bergeron, Saliola, Serrano, and Zabrocki (2014) and establish numerous combinatorial properties for our functions. We give an equivalent formulation of our functions via Bernstein-like operators, in a similar fashion to Berg et. al (2014). We conclude the paper by defining skew dual immaculate functions and hook dual immaculate functions and establishing combinatorial properties for them.
description: 32 pages. Added eqn (2.7) and Ex. 3.10, corrected eqn. (3.2), and typo in statement of Theorem 3.11. To appear in Adv. Applied Math
Basilar papilla of the canary and zebra finch: A quantitative scanning electron microscopical description
Creators: name: Gleich, Otto
name: Manley, Geoffrey A.
name: Mandl, Alexandra
name: Dooling, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Morphological parameters of the apical surface of canary and zebra finch basilar papillae were quantitatively evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The papillar length is 1.6 mm in both species. The zebra-finch papilla has a larger number of hair cells and is wider in the apical half of the papilla as compared to the canary. These two small songbird species have the smallest number of hair cells and the smallest papillae of the bird species investigated to date. The orientation of the hair cells is much more homogenous as compared to other species. Also, the discrepancy in the number of stereovilli of neural and abneural hair cells is much larger than in other bird species. A detailed analysis of gradients across the papilla in the canary revealed that anatomical parameters change in the neural half, whereas they remain rather constant in the abneural half of the papilla. There were, however, no obvious borders that separated distinct hair cell populations in either species.
CBS News/New York Times Poll: Omnibus-February, 1976
Creators: name: CBS News
name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Agree/disagree with certain statements (11); impression of presidential candidates (17); where candidates stand on balancing budget (9); where candidates stand on abortion (9); where candidates stand on U.S./Russian relations (9); where candidates stand on government attention to minorities (9); candidates' ideologies (9); characteristics of presidential candidates (36); possible Democratic candidates for president (3); Ronald Reagan vs. Gerald Ford (1); whom would like to see run for president (3); which Democratic candidate would run strongest race against Republicans next November (2); 1972 presidential election (1); interest in primary election campaign this year (1); how often can trust government to do what's right (1).
Point Mutations in the Second Extracellular Loop of the Histamine H2 Receptor do not affect the Species-Selective Activity of Guanidine-Type Agonists.
Creators: name: Preuss, Hendrik
name: Ghorai, Prasanta
name: Kraus, Anja
name: Dove, Stefan
name: Buschauer, Armin
name: Seifert, Roland
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 615 Pharmazie

description: Residues in the second extracellular loop (e2) play a role in ligand binding in certain aminergic G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). N-[3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)propyl)]guanidines and N G-acylated derivatives are more efficacious and potent agonists at fusion proteins of the guinea pig histamine H2 receptor and the short splice variant of Gsα, GsαS (gpH2R-GsαS) than at the human isoform (hH2R-GsαS). To elucidate the structural basis for this species-selectivity, we generated a mutant hH2R-GsαS fusion protein with the four e2 residues differing in both species isoforms mutated into the gpH2R sequence, and a reverse mutant of the gpH2R-GsαS with the corresponding mutations into the human species. In a steady-state GTPase activity assay, efficacies and potencies of guanidine-type agonists were similar at mutant and wild-type receptors indicating that e2 does not contribute to the species-selectivity. In several class 1 GPCRs, amino acids in the vicinity of a highly conserved cysteine in e2 participate in ligand binding. A three-dimensional homology model of the hH2R predicted Lys-173 and Lys-175, adjacent to Cys-174 in e2, to be in close proximity to the binding pocket of guanidine-type agonists. To elucidate the putative role of both residues for interactions with the agonists, two hH2R-GsαS fusion proteins, with single-point mutations of Lys-173→Ala-173 and Lys-175→Ala-175 respectively, were generated. With these mutants, the efficacies and potencies of small and bulky H2R agonists did not significantly change. However, increases in GTPase activity upon agonist stimulation were reduced, suggesting an impact of both residues on the efficiency of receptor coupling to GsαS. In conclusion, none of the point mutations generated within this study substantially altered the efficacies and potencies of guanidine-type agonists relative to the wild-type receptors, suggesting that these residues do not directly face the H2R guanidine-binding pocket. Thus, agonist binding to residues in e2 is relevant for some but not all aminergic GPCRs.
Near or Far Detectors? Optimizing Long-Lived Particle Searches at Electron-Positron Colliders
Creators: name: Schäfer, Ruth
name: Tillinger, Finn
name: Westhoff, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the discovery potential for long-lived particles at the 250-GeV ILC. The goal is to investigate possible gains of a dedicated far detector over the main detector ILD. For concreteness, we perform our study for sub-GeV axion-like particles $a$ produced via $e^+e^- \to a γ$ or $e^+e^- \to Z γ\to (aγ)γ$ and decaying into pairs of charged leptons. In the ideal case of zero background and perfect detection efficiency, we find that far detectors placed in the planned underground cavities or a large cuboid on the ground can enhance the sensitivity to long-lived pseudo-scalars at best moderately. On the other hand, the ILD itself is a perfect environment to search for long-lived particles, due to its excellent angular coverage and radial thickness. For long-lived particles produced with cross sections of a few picobarns, the ILD could probe lifetimes up to 300$\,$ns, or proper decay lengths up to 100$\,$m, in 250$\,$fb$^{-1}$ of data. For axion-like particles produced through weak interactions, the ILC can reach an even higher sensitivity than searches for displaced vertices in meson decays at Belle II. Our findings apply similarly to other proposed electron-positron experiments with a high angular coverage, such as the FCC-ee and CEPC.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Alignment-Dependent Ionization of N$_2$, O$_2$, and CO$_2$ in Intense Laser Fields
Creators: name: Petretti, Simon
name: Vanne, Yulian V.
name: Saenz, Alejandro
name: Castro, Alberto
name: Decleva, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ionization probability of N$_2$, O$_2$, and CO$_2$ in intense laser fields is studied theoretically as a function of the alignment angle by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation numerically assuming only the single-active-electron approximation. The results are compared to recent experimental data [D.~Pavi{č}i{ć} et al., Phys.\,Rev.\,Lett.\ {\bf 98}, 243001 (2007)] and good agreement is found for N$_2$ and O$_2$. For CO$_2$ a possible explanation is provided for the failure of simplified single-active-electron models to reproduce the experimentally observed narrow ionization distribution. It is based on a field-induced coherent core-trapping effect.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
The effect of measurements, randomly distributed in time, on quantum systems. Stochastic quantum Zeno effect
Creators: name: Shushin, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The manifestation of measurements, randomly distributed in time, on the evolution of quantum systems are analyzed in detail. The set of randomly distributed measurements (RDM) is modeled within the renewal theory, in which the distribution is characterized by the probability density function (PDF) W(t) of times t between successive events (measurements). The evolution of the quantum system affected by the RDM is shown to be described by the density matrix satisfying the stochastic Liouville equation. This equation is applied to the analysis of the RDM effect on the evolution of a two level systems for different types of RDM statistics, corresponding to different PDFs W(t). Obtained general results are illustrated as applied to the cases of the Poissonian [W(t) ~ e^{-w_r t}] and anomalous [W(t) ~ 1/t^{1+α}, (αis smaller or equal to 1)], RDM statistics. In particular, specific features of the quantum and inverse Zeno effects, resulting from the RDM, are thoroughly discussed.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures
Classifieur de titres utilisant les données du moteur de recherche ISIDORE et l'API Keras
Creators: name: POUYLLAU, Stéphane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Deep Learning
subject: sciences humaines et sociales
subject: ISIDORE
subject: Apprentissage profond
subject: Classifieur de text
subject: histoire
subject: https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17706295v
subject: http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85079324

description: Ce document présente la création d’un classifieur de texte permettant de prédire l’ap- partenance disciplinaire de titres d’ouvrages ou d’articles en sciences humaines et sociales. Il met en œuvre ISIDORE et l’API Keras pour l’apprentissage profond (Deep Learning).
description: Jupyter notebook is available at https://gitlab.huma-num.fr/spouyllau/isidore-jupyter. An english version is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994126
Higgsstrahlung from R-hadrons
Creators: name: Luty, Markus A.
name: Phalen, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If R hadrons are discovered at the LHC, investigation of their properties will be of paramount importance. One important question is how much of the R-hadron mass is due to electroweak symmetry breaking, i.e. the coupling of the Higgs to R-hadrons. In this paper we show that in models where the Higgs has a sizable coupling to R-hadrons we can readily observe Higgs production in association with a pair of R-hadrons ("Higgsstrahlung"). This process can be used to distinguish between different models of R-hadrons. It may be the discovery mode of the Higgs for low mass Higgs bosons, and provides a low-background Higgs sample to study h to bb.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Exciton-coherence generation through diabatic and adiabatic dynamics of Floquet state
Creators: name: Uchida, Kento
name: Kusaba, Satoshi
name: Nagai, Kohei
name: Ikeda, Tatsuhiko N.
name: Tanaka, Koichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Floquet engineering of electronic systems is a promising way of controlling quantum material properties on an ultrafast time scale. So far, the energy structure of Floquet states in solids has been observed through time and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy or pump-probe measurement techniques. However, the dynamical aspects of the photon-dressed states under ultrashort pulse driving have not been explored yet. Their dynamics become highly sensitive to the envelope of the driving field when the light-matter interaction enters non-perturbative regime, and thus, understanding of them is crucial for ultrafast manipulation of quantum state. Here, we observed coherent exciton emissions under intense and non-resonant mid-infrared fields in monolayer WSe2 at room temperature, which is unexpected in perturbative nonlinear optics. Together with numerical calculations, our measurements revealed that the coherent exciton emission reflects the diabatic and adiabatic dynamics of Floquet states. Our results provide a new approach to probing the dynamics of the Floquet state and lead to control of quantum materials through pulse shaping of the driving field.
Feshbach resonances in 3He*-4He* mixtures
Creators: name: Goosen, M. R.
name: Tiecke, T. G.
name: Vassen, W.
name: Kokkelmans, S. J. J. M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the stability of homonuclear and heteronuclear mixtures of 3He and 4He atoms in the metastable 2^3S_1 state (He*) and predict positions and widths of Feshbach resonances by using the Asymptotic Bound-state Model (ABM). All calculations are performed without fit parameters, using \emph{ab-initio} calculations of molecular potentials. One promising very broad Feshbach resonance (ΔB=72.9^{+18.3}_{-19.3} mT) is found that allows for tuning of the inter-isotope scattering length.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Synthesis and Characterization of the First Fluorescent Nonpeptide NPY Y1 Receptor Antagonist.
Creators: name: Schneider, Erich
name: Keller, Max
name: Brennauer, Albert
name: Hoefelschweiger, Bianca K.
name: Gross, Dietmar
name: Wolfbeis, Otto S.
name: Bernhardt, Günther
name: Buschauer, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Cyanine-5-labelled neuropeptide Y (NPY) was demonstrated to be an ideal universal fluorescent ligand for the combined investigation of NPY Y1, Y2 and Y5 receptors. With respect to improved stability, detection of receptor subtypes in cells and tissues, and prevention of receptor internalization, small nonpeptidic fluorescent antagonists should be superior. Here we present a set of four fluorescent nonpeptide NPY Y1 receptor (Y1R) antagonists. The highest affinity was obtained by labelling an NG-(6-aminohexanoyl)argininamide derived from the Y1R antagonist BIBP 3226, with Py-1, a small pyrylium dye. The fluorescent pyridinium-type Y1R antagonist, compound 4 had Ki values of 29 nM and 2.7 nM, which were determined by radioligand binding and flow cytometry under equilibrium conditions, respectively; 4 had a Kb value of 0.6 nM (Ca2+ assay). The large Stoke's shift (541 vs. 615 nm) in buffer (PBS, pH 7.4) in the presence of 1 % BSA and the red emission (quantum yield 56 %) are advantageous with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio. The new probe was successfully used in fluorescence-based binding experiments evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy; this demonstrates the potential of pyrylium dyes for the preparation of fluorescent ligands that are applicable for the study of G protein-coupled receptors on living cells.
Nakajima-Zwanzig versus time-convolutionless master equation for the non-Markovian dynamics of a two-level system
Creators: name: Smirne, Andrea
name: Vacchini, Bassano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the exact reduced dynamics of a two-level system coupled to a bosonic reservoir, further obtaining the exact time-convolutionless and Nakajima-Zwanzig non-Markovian equations of motion. The considered system includes the damped and undamped Jaynes-Cummings model. The result is obtained by exploiting an expression of quantum maps in terms of matrices and a simple relation between the time evolution map and time-convolutionless generator as well as Nakajima-Zwanzig memory kernel. This non-perturbative treatment shows that each operator contribution in Lindblad form appearing in the exact time-convolutionless master equation is multiplied by a different time dependent function. Similarly, in the Nakajima-Zwanzig master equation each such contribution is convoluted with a different memory kernel. It appears that depending on the state of the environment the operator structures of the two set of equations of motion can exhibit important differences.
description: 12 pages, no figures
The right to parody : copyright and free speech in selected jurisdictions
Creators: name: Lai, Amy T. Y.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: This dissertation examines the rights to free speech and parody by combining philosophical inquiries with legal analyses. Part One draws upon natural law theories to argue that the right to free speech is a universal right, and expressing oneself through parodies is an exercise of this right. It then discusses the nature of copyright from both natural rights and utilitarian perspectives, to illuminate how the right to parody copyrighted works is also a universal right that should be accommodated by copyright law. Regarding the scope of this right, because free speech is more fundamental than copyright, a broad legal definition of parody, which encompasses works targeting the originals as well as those that direct their criticism or commentary towards something else, is preferable to narrow definitions. However, parodies must not adversely impact the interests of rights holders by serving as market substitutes for the original works or their derivatives. Courts should also apply the parody defence or exception with reference to the free speech doctrine to ensure that lawful speech would not be suppressed for the sake or under the pretext of copyright protection. Part Two of the dissertation employs four case studies—the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Hong Kong—to elucidate its arguments for a broad definition of parody and for courts to apply the parody defence or exception with reference to the free speech or freedom of expression doctrine. All four chapters explain how the free speech jurisprudences of these jurisdictions have been informed by the natural law, and how the proposed parody defence or exception would serve to bring their copyright jurisprudences, which have been influenced by utilitarianism, and/or a narrow conception of natural rights privileging the authors’ over the users’ rights, in line with their free speech jurisprudences. These studies also reveal the usefulness of the free speech/freedom of expression doctrine as an external mechanism in safeguarding parodists’ speech freedom. If this external solution would not be sufficient to protect free speech, then solutions within the copyright statutes would serve to create the needed breathing space for free speech.
Oil Palm By-Products Utilization in Development of Non-Edible Products
Creators: name: Sanganamoni Shivashankar, K Suresh, P Anitha and A Sathish
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2023

description:  Oil palm is a perennial oil crop, which produces high oil yield compared to other vegetable oils. Oil palm is valuable not just for cooking oil and food products, but also for non-edible products such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and oleochemical industries. Oil palm also produces a lot of biomasses apart from high oil yield which is well known as renewable energy source that can be used to develop non-edible commercial products.
Transport of paclitaxel (Taxol) across the blood-brain barrier in vitro and in vivo
Creators: name: Fellner, Stephan
name: Bauer, Björn
name: Miller, David S.
name: Schaffrick, Martina
name: Fankhänel, Martina
name: Spruß, Thilo
name: Bernhardt, Günther
name: Graeff, Claudia
name: Färber, Lothar
name: Gschaidmeier, Harald
name: Buschauer, Armin
name: Fricker, Gert
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Paclitaxel concentrations in the brain are very low after intravenous injection. Since paclitaxel is excluded from some tumors by p-glycoprotein (p-gp), the same mechanism may prevent entry into the brain. In vitro, paclitaxel transport was examined in capillaries from rat brains by confocal microscopy using BODIPY Fl-paclitaxel. Western blots and immunostaining demonstrated apical expression of p-gp in isolated endothelial cells, vessels, and tissue. Secretion of BODIPY Fl-paclitaxel into capillary lumens was specific and energy-dependent. Steady state luminal fluorescence significantly exceeded cellular fluorescence and was reduced by NaCN, paclitaxel, and SDZ PSC-833 (valspodar), a p-gp blocker. Leukotriene C4 (LTC4), an Mrp2-substrate, had no effect. Luminal accumulation of NBDL-cyclosporin, a p-gp substrate, was inhibited by paclitaxel. In vivo, paclitaxel levels in the brain, liver, kidney, and plasma of nude mice were determined after intravenous injection. Co-administration of valspodar led to increased paclitaxel levels in brains compared to monotherapy. Therapeutic relevance was proven for nude mice with implanted intracerebral human U-118 MG glioblastoma. Whereas paclitaxel did not affect tumor volume, co-administration of paclitaxel (intravenous) and PSC833 (peroral) reduced tumor volume by 90%. Thus, p-gp is an important obstacle preventing paclitaxel entry into the brain, and inhibition of this transporter allows the drug to reach sensitive tumors within the CNS.
Kentucky Landscapes Through Geologic Time
Creators: name: Carey, Daniel I.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky
Year: 2011

description: Abstract:
We now understand that the earth’s crust is broken up into a number of plates, some of continental size, and that these plates have been moving— centimeters a year—throughout geologic history, driven by the internal heat of the earth. This movement creates our mountain chains, earthquakes, geologic faults, and volcanoes. The theory of plate tectonics (from the Greek, tektonikos: pertaining to building) attempts to describe the process and helps explain the geology of Kentucky.
The geologic story of the rocks that form Kentucky’s landscape began a half billion years ago when the area was covered by water. Deposits of sand, silt, clay, and lime muds in shallow seas, deltas, swamps, and river systems accumulated over the next 250 million years, layer upon layer. As each layer was covered by another, the sediments were compressed and solidified (lithified) into the sedimentary rocks that we see today. Clay became mudstone and shale, loose sands and silt became sandstone and siltstone, shell fragments and lime oozes became limestone and dolomite, gravels became conglomerates, and peat swamps became coal. The ages of rocks in each region, together with a synopsis of the development of life during each period, are shown in Figure 1.
Connes' embedding problem and Tsirelson's problem
Creators: name: Junge, M.
name: Navascues, M.
name: Palazuelos, C.
name: Perez-Garcia, D.
name: Scholz, V. B.
name: Werner, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Tsirelson's problem concerning the set of quantum correlations and Connes' embedding problem on finite approximations in von Neumann algebras (known to be equivalent to Kirchberg's QWEP conjecture) are essentially equivalent. Specifically, Tsirelson's problem asks whether the set of bipartite quantum correlations generated between tensor product separated systems is the same as the set of correlations between commuting C*-algebras. Connes' embedding problem asks whether any separable II$_1$ factor is a subfactor of the ultrapower of the hyperfinite II$_1$ factor. We show that an affirmative answer to Connes' question implies a positive answer to Tsirelson's. Conversely, a positve answer to a matrix valued version of Tsirelson's problem implies a positive one to Connes' problem.
The Diffuse Gamma-Ray Flux from Clusters of Galaxies
Creators: name: Hussain, Saqib
name: Batista, Rafael Alves
name: Pino, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal
name: Dolag, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGRB), the one that remains after subtracting all individual sources from observed gamma-ray sky, is unknown. The DGRB possibly encompasses contributions from different source populations such as star-forming galaxies, starburst galaxies, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, or galaxy clusters. Here, we combine cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations of clusters of galaxies with the propagation of cosmic rays (CRs) using Monte Carlo simulations, in the redshift range $z\leq 5.0$, and show that the integrated gamma-ray flux from clusters can contribute up to $100\%$ of the DGRB flux observed by Fermi-LAT above $100$ GeV, for CRs spectral indices $α= 1.5 - 2.5$ and energy cutoffs $E_{\text{max}} = 10^{16} - 10^{17}$ eV. The flux is dominated by clusters with masses $10^{13} \lesssim M/M_{\odot} \lesssim 10^{15}$ and redshift $ z \lesssim 0.3$. Our results also predict the potential observation of high-energy gamma rays from clusters by experiments like the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), and potentially the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA).
description: 16 pages, 15 figures
Effects of Impromidine- and Arpromidine-Derived Guanidines on Recombinant Human and Guinea Pig Histamine H₁ and H₂ Receptors
Creators: name: Xie, Sheng-Xue
name: Schalkhausser, Fabian
name: Ye, Qi-Zhuang
name: Seifert, Roland
name: Buschauer, Armin
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Arpromidine; Guanidines; Histamine H₁ receptor; Histamine H₂ receptor; Impromidine
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Imidazolylpropylguanidines derived from impromidine and arpromidine are more potent and efficacious agonists at the guinea pig histamine H₂ receptor (gpH₂R) than at the human H₂R (hH₂R) in the GTPase assay. Additionally, such guanidines are histamine H₁ receptor (H₁R) antagonists with preference for the human relative to the guinea pig receptor. The purpose of this study was to examine structure-activity relationships of guanidines at human and guinea pig H₁R and H₂R species isoforms expressed in Sf9 insect cells. Three impromidine analogues and six arpromidine analogues exhibited agonistic activity at H₂R and antagonistic activity at H₁R as assessed in the steady-state GTPase assay. Species selectivity of derivatives was similar as compared with the parent compounds. None of the structural modifications examined (different aromatic ring systems and different ring substituents) was superior in terms of H₂R potency and efficacy relative to impromidine and arpromidine, respectively. These data point to substantial structural constraints at the agonist binding site of H₂R. Guanidines exhibited distinct structure-activity relationships for H₁R antagonism in a radioligand competition binding assay and the GTPase assay and for H₁R inverse agonism. Our data indicate that it is difficult to obtain guanidine-type agonists with high potency and high efficacy for hH₂R, but those compounds may be useful tools for exploring the antagonist binding site and constitutive activity of H₁R
Biomass Performance and Competition Effects in an Established Temperate Agroforestry System of Willow and Grassland—Results of the 2nd Rotation
Creators: name: Graß, Rüdiger
name: Malec, Sarah
name: Wachendorf, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: alley cropping
subject: LER
subject: willow clone "Tordis"
subject: yield performance
subject: 580
subject: 630
subject: Agroforstwirtschaft
subject: Biomasse
subject: Alley cropping
subject: Weide
subject: Bodenertrag

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
N=1 supersymmetric extension of the baby Skyrme model
Creators: name: Adam, C.
name: Queiruga, J. M.
name: Sanchez-Guillen, J.
name: Wereszczynski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a method to supersymmetrize higher kinetic terms and apply it to the baby Skyrme model. We find that there exist N=1 supersymmetric extensions for baby Skyrme models with arbitrary potential.
description: 9 pages, Latex
Structural physical approximation of partial transposition makes possible to distinguish SLOCC inequivalent classes of three-qubit system
Creators: name: Kumari, Anu
name: Adhikari, Satyabrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection and classification of entanglement properties of a multi-qubit system is a topic of great interest. This topic has been studied extensively and thus we found different approaches for the detection and classification of multi-qubit entangled states. We have applied partial transposition operation on one of the qubit of the three-qubit system and then studied the entanglement properties of the three-qubit system, which is under investigation. Since the partial transposition operation is not a quantum operation so we have approximated partial transposition operation in such a way so that it represent a completely positive map. The approximated partial transposition operation is also known as structural physical approximation of partial transposition (SPA-PT). We have studied in detail the application of SPA-PT on a three qubit system and provided explicitly the matrix elements of the density matrix describing SPA-PT of a three qubit system. Moreover, we propose criterion to classify all possible stochastic local operations and classical communication(SLOCC) inequivalent classes of a pure as well as mixed three qubit state through SPA-PT map, which makes our criterion experimentally realizable. We have illustrated our criterion for detection and classification of three-qubit entangled states by considering few examples.
description: 9 pages
Microscopic model for the semiconductor-to-ferromagnetic-metal transition in FeSi$_{1-x}$Ge$_{x}$ Alloys
Creators: name: Yang, Kai-Yu
name: Yamashita, Y.
name: Läuchli, A. M.
name: Sigrist, M.
name: Rice, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simplified bandstructure introduced by Mazurenko et al to model FeSi is used to analyze the singlet semiconductor to ferromagnetic metal transition in the isoelectronic isostructural alloys, FeSi$_{1-x}$Ge$_x$. The complex bandstructure of the alloy is replaced by an alternating chain of doubly and singly degenerate atoms to represent Fe and Si/Ge respectively. The former(latter) form narrow(broad) bands with a substantial hybridization between them. A substantial onsite repulsion including a Hund's rule coupling is introduced on the Fe sites. The mean field phase diagram contains a first order phase transition from the singlet semiconductor to a ferromagnetic metal with increasing temperature and interaction strength similar to the alloys. The analysis also reproduces the rapid rise of the spin susceptibility in the semiconductor with a crossover to a Curie-Weiss form at higher temperatures. Good agreement is found at zero temperature between the mean field and accurate DMRG calculations.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
title: IFRS in nicht-kapitalmarktorientierten Konzernen
title: Analyse der Vorteilhaftigkeit einer Rechnungslegungsumstellung von nationalen Standards auf IFRS
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Grassmann, Stefan
Publisher: name: FH Vorarlberg (Fachhochschule Vorarlberg)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 650 Management

description: Durch die steigende Internationalisierung der Wirtschaft steigt auch die Notwendigkeit einer einheitlichen Berichterstattung, die über die Landesgrenzen hinweg verständlich ist. Die IFRS sind die weltweit am häufigsten angewendeten Rechnungslegungsvorschriften und innerhalb der EU verpflichtend von kapitalmarktorientierten Konzernen anzuwenden. Da ein Abschluss nach IFRS einen hohen Zusatzaufwand zur Folge hat, gibt es nur wenige Unternehmen, die diesen auf freiwilliger Basis erstellen. Von den nicht verpflichteten Konzernen in Deutschland bilanziert dennoch ein kleiner Teil von etwa 5% nach IFRS. Es ist daraus zu schließen, dass es Umstände gibt, in denen eine Rechnungslegung nach IFRS Vorteile mit sich bringt, die den zusätzlichen Aufwand übersteigen und eine Anwendung rechtfertigen. Um herauszufinden, um welche Vorteile es sich handeln kann, werden zuerst die Regelungen und Grundsätze der IFRS mit dem nationalen UGB verglichen. Anschließend werden die Vor- und Nachteile mittels bestehender Literatur und in Bezug auf mittelständische Unternehmen ausgearbeitet. Anhand der Auswertung von acht empirisch durchgeführten Experteninterviews wird die ausgearbeitete Literatur schließlich überprüft, wobei auch neu gewonnene Erkenntnisse dargelegt werden.
Central sensitization in endometriosis-associated deep dyspareunia
Creators: name: Orr, Natasha L
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Endometriosis affects 10% of reproductive-aged women and is the presence of ectopic endometrial glands and stroma. It is associated with different types of pain, such as dysmenorrhea, dyschezia, and deep dyspareunia. Deep dyspareunia affects approximately 50% of women with endometriosis. Previous research has suggested that, in addition to disease-specific factors (e.g., Stage), other factors such as comorbid conditions or central sensitization may also play a role in the etiology of deep dyspareunia. The thesis objective is to provide evidence for the role of these other factors in the etiology of deep dyspareunia in endometriosis. I propose that bladder/pelvic floor tenderness and painful bladder syndrome (PBS) are associated with an increased severity of deep dyspareunia in women with endometriosis, and that these factors may be related to central sensitization. In Aim 1, using data from a prospective registry, I found that bladder/pelvic floor tenderness (assess by physical exam) and PBS (diagnosed using established criteria) were independently associated with severity of deep dyspareunia in women with both Stage I/II endometriosis (AOR=1.94, 95% CI 1.11-3.38, p=0.019; AOR=1.99, 95% CI 1.15-3.44, p=0.013; respectively) and Stage III/IV (AOR=2.51, 95% CI 1.25-5.02, p=0.01; AOR=1.90, 95% CI 1.01-3.57, p=0.048; respectively). In Aim 2, by prospectively recruiting patients and measuring their pain-pressure thresholds (PPT), I determined that PPT at extra-pelvic sites were significantly associated with bladder/pelvic floor tenderness in women with endometriosis (t=2.9, p=0.007; t=2.3, p=0.029; respectively). In contrast, there was no association between PPT and PBS. In conclusion, I found that bladder/pelvic floor tenderness and PBS were associated with greater severity of deep dyspareunia, regardless of endometriosis stage. I also found evidence that bladder/pelvic floor tenderness is associated with lower PPT in women with endometriosis, which may indicate the presence of central sensitization. In contrast, PBS was not associated with changes in PPT, and thus may arise in endometriosis through mechanisms other than central sensitization. My findings point to a role for central sensitization, manifesting as bladder/pelvic floor tenderness, in some women with endometriosis-associated deep dyspareunia. Further research is needed to confirm these findings, and to incorporate measures of central sensitization into the clinical management of endometriosis.
Dust grain growth in rho-Ophiuchi protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Ricci, L.
name: Testi, L.
name: Natta, A.
name: Brooks, K. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new ATCA observations at 3.3 mm of 27 young stellar objects in the rho-Oph young cluster. 25 of these sources have been detected. We analyze the sub-millimeter and millimeter SED for a subsample of 17 isolated class II protoplanetary disks and derive constraints on the grain growth and total dust mass in the disk outer regions. All the disks in our sample show a mm slope of the SED which is significantly shallower than the one observed for the ISM at these long wavelengths. This indicates that 1) class II disks in Ophiuchus host grains grown to mm/cm-sizes in their outer regions, 2) formation of mm/cm-sized pebbles is a fast process and 3) a mechanism halting or slowing down the inward radial drift of solid particles is required to explain the data. These findings are consistent with previous results in other star forming regions. We compare the dust properties of this sample with those of a uniformly selected sample in Taurus-Auriga and find no statistical evidence of any difference in terms of grain growth between the two regions. Finally, in our sample the mm slope of the SED is not found to correlate with indicators of grain growth to micron sizes in the surface layers of the inner disk.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
How to construct Gorenstein projective modules relative to complete duality pairs over Morita rings
Creators: name: Ma, Yajun
name: Lü, Jiafeng
name: Li, Huanhuan
name: Hu, Jiangsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $Δ=\left(\begin{smallmatrix} A & {_AN_B}\\ {_BM_A} & B \\\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ be a Morita ring with $M\otimes_{A}N=0=N\otimes_{B}M$.We first study how to construct (complete) duality pairs of $Δ$-modules using (complete) duality pairs of $A$-modules and $B$-modules, generalizing the result of Mao (Comm. Algebra, 2020, 12: 5296--5310) about the duality pairs over a triangular matrix ring. Moreover, we construct Gorenstein projective modules relative to complete duality pairs of $Δ$-modules. Finally, we give an application to Ding projective modules.
description: 18 pages. All comments and suggestions are welcome!
Weyl-Einstein structures on conformal solvmanifolds
Creators: name: del Barco, Viviana
name: Moroianu, Andrei
name: Schichl, Arthur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E25, 53C30, 53C25

description: A conformal Lie group is a conformal manifold $(M,c)$ such that $M$ has a Lie group structure and $c$ is the conformal structure defined by a left-invariant metric $g$ on $M$. We study Weyl-Einstein structures on conformal solvable Lie groups and on their compact quotients. In the compact case, we show that every conformal solvmanifold carrying a Weyl-Einstein structure is Einstein. We also show that there are no left-invariant Weyl-Einstein structures on non-abelian nilpotent conformal Lie groups, and classify them on conformal solvable Lie groups in the almost abelian case. Furthermore, we determine the precise list (up to automorphisms) of left-invariant metrics on simply connected solvable Lie groups of dimension 3 carrying left-invariant Weyl-Einstein structures.
description: 27 pages
Estimating the parameters of the Sgr A* black hole
Creators: name: De Paolis, F.
name: Ingrosso, G.
name: Nucita, A. A.
name: Qadir, A.
name: Zakharov, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of relativistic effects around the galactic center may allow in the near future to strongly constrain the parameters of the supermassive black hole likely present at the galactic center (Sgr A*). As a by-product of these measurements it would be possible to severely constrain, in addition, also the parameters of the mass-density distributions of both the innermost star cluster and the dark matter clump around the galactic center.
description: Accepted for publication on General Relativity and Gravitation, 2010. 11 Pages, 1 Figure
MarshRAM User's Guide
Creators: name: Estuary Program, Narragansett Bay
name: Kutcher, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310302
subject: Community ecology (excl. invasive species ecology)
classificationCode: 310305
subject: Marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology)
classificationCode: 370801
subject: Biological oceanography
classificationCode: 410199
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 410203
subject: Ecosystem function
classificationCode: 410204
subject: Ecosystem services (incl. pollination)
classificationCode: 410299
subject: Ecological applications not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 410401
subject: Conservation and biodiversity
classificationCode: 410402
subject: Environmental assessment and monitoring
classificationCode: 410404
subject: Environmental management
classificationCode: 410405
subject: Environmental rehabilitation and restoration
classificationCode: 410406
subject: Natural resource management
classificationCode: 410407
subject: Wildlife and habitat management
classificationCode: 410501
subject: Environmental biogeochemistry
classificationCode: 419999
subject: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The MarshRAM User's Guide are a set of detailed instructions on how to conduct and interpret Salt Marsh Rapid Assessment Method, MarshRAM. The Salt Marsh Rapid Assessment Method (MarshRAM) adapts concepts and protocols from prior work to provide users with a single, efficient method designed to document information on salt marsh physical and biological attributes, classification, relative functions and values, geomorphic and landscape setting, human disturbances, vulnerability, and landward migration potential. MarshRAM is the result of a multi-year development and testing program that included application across Narragansett Bay and coastal Rhode Island, analyses of functionality and subjectivity, demonstrations of applicability, validations against landscape-scale data, and input from state, federal, academic, and regional technical advisors and reviewers.Suggested citation:Kutcher, T.E. 2022. MarshRAM User's Guide. Prepared for RI Dept. of Env. Mgmt. DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.24772758