cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Weakly Supervised Lymph Nodes Segmentation Based on Partial Instance Annotations with Pre-trained Dual-branch Network and Pseudo Label Learning
Creators: name: Wang, Litingyu
name: Qu, Yijie
name: Luo, Xiangde
name: Liao, Wenjun
name: Zhang, Shichuan
name: Wang, Guotai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Assessing the presence of potentially malignant lymph nodes aids in estimating cancer progression, and identifying surrounding benign lymph nodes can assist in determining potential metastatic pathways for cancer. For quantitative analysis, automatic segmentation of lymph nodes is crucial. However, due to the labor-intensive and time-consuming manual annotation process required for a large number of lymph nodes, it is more practical to annotate only a subset of the lymph node instances to reduce annotation costs. In this study, we propose a pre-trained Dual-Branch network with Dynamically Mixed Pseudo label (DBDMP) to learn from partial instance annotations for lymph nodes segmentation. To obtain reliable pseudo labels for lymph nodes that are not annotated, we employ a dual-decoder network to generate different outputs that are then dynamically mixed. We integrate the original weak partial annotations with the mixed pseudo labels to supervise the network. To further leverage the extensive amount of unannotated voxels, we apply a self-supervised pre-training strategy to enhance the model's feature extraction capability. Experiments on the mediastinal Lymph Node Quantification (LNQ) dataset demonstrate that our method, compared to directly learning from partial instance annotations, significantly improves the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) from 11.04% to 54.10% and reduces the Average Symmetric Surface Distance (ASSD) from 20.83 $mm$ to 8.72 $mm$. The code is available at https://github.com/WltyBY/LNQ2023_training_code.git
description: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) https://melba-journal.org/2024:013
Universal scaling and diagonal conductivity in the integral quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Gammel, B. M.
name: Evers, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We perform a numerical finite-size study for the static homogeneous diagonal conductivity σxx at the critical filling factor 3/2 for different microscopic realizations of the random impurity potential. The variation of σxx with the system size defines a scaling function. It turns out to be independent of the particular realization of disorder and also of the Landau-level index. However, the diagonal conductivity in the second-lowest Landau level varies strongly with disorder. The universal critical conductivity is recovered only asymptotically when the correlation length of the potential is increased.
An overview of qualitative research in open science: literature review
Creators: name: Manco, Alejandra
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2021

description: Open science is increasingly gaining traction throughout the world. However, much of the published work on this topic thus far has been theoretical, opinion-based, or, policy-oriented.
 This descriptive literature review aims to give an overview of the key characteristics of the qualitative empirical papers on open science that have been published thus far. By doing so, we hope to highlight the upsides and downsides of each approach utilized for this particular research issue, such as open science.
 As a result, the motivation for this presentation is the question of what published qualitative empirical research on open science can tell us about the development of this topic. Specifically, it aims to answer:
 1) Which is the most used methodology for researching in open science?
 2) Which type of research design did the study used?
 3) Which component of open science was the focus of the research?
 4) Which are the areas that have developed the most qualitative research on open science?
 5) Which sampling strategy was used?
 6) Which is the sample used in the study?
 7) Which was the unit of analysis of the studies?
 8) What are the study limitations?
 9) Which is data available for these studies?
Zero-frequency anomaly in quasiclassical ac transport: Memory effects in a two-dimensional metal with a long-range random potential or random magnetic field
Creators: name: Wilke, J.
name: Mirlin, A. D.
name: Polyakov, D. G.
name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Wölfle, P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We study the low-frequency behavior of the ac conductivity σ(ω) of a two-dimensional fermion gas subject to a smooth random potential (RP) or random magnetic field (RMF). We find a nonanalytic ∝|ω| correction to Reσ, which corresponds to a 1/t2 long-time tail in the velocity correlation function. This contribution is induced by return processes neglected in Boltzmann transport theory. The prefactor of this |ω| term is positive and proportional to (d/l)2 for the RP, while it is of opposite sign and proportional to d/l in the weak RMF case, where l is the mean free path and d the disorder correlation length. This nonanalytic correction also exists in the strong RMF regime, when the transport is of a percolating nature. The analytical results are supported and complemented by numerical simulations.
Stable magnetostructural coupling with tunable magnetoresponsive effects in hexagonal phase-transition ferromagnets
Creators: name: Liu, Enke
name: Wang, Wenhong
name: Feng, Lin
name: Zhu, Wei
name: Li, Guijiang
name: Chen, Jinglan
name: Zhang, Hongwei
name: Wu, Guangheng
name: Jiang, Chengbao
name: Xu, Huibin
name: de Boer, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetostructural coupling between the structural and the magnetic transition plays a crucial role in magnetoresponsive effects in a martensitic-transition system. A combination of various magnetoresponsive effects based on this coupling may facilitate the multifunctional applications of a host material. Here, we demonstrate a possibility to obtain a stable magnetostructural coupling in a broad temperature window from 350 to 70 K, showing tunable magnetoresponsive effects, based on simultaneous manipulation of the phase stability and the magnetic structure by suitable chemical substitution of iron in MnNiGe. The resultant MnNiGe:Fe exhibits a magnetic-field-induced martensitic transition from paramagnetic austenite to ferromagnetic martensite, featuring (i) a large volume increase, (ii) a distinct magnetization change, (iii) small thermal hysteresis and (iv) a giant negative magnetocaloric effect. The results indicate that stable magnetostructural coupling is accessible in hexagonal phase-transition systems to attain the magnetoresponsive effects with broad tunability.
description: 27 pages + 6 Figs + 21 supplementary pages. Submitted for publication
Quasiclassical magnetotransport in a random array of antidots
Creators: name: Polyakov, D. G.
name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Mirlin, A. D.
name: Wölfle, P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We study theoretically the magnetoresistance ρxx(B) of a two-dimensional electron gas scattered by a random ensemble of impenetrable discs in the presence of a long-range correlated random potential. We believe that this model describes a high-mobility semiconductor heterostructure with a random array of antidots. We show that the interplay of scattering by the two types of disorder generates new behavior of ρxx(B) which is absent for only one kind of disorder. We demonstrate that even a weak long-range disorder becomes important with increasing B. In particular, although ρxx(B) vanishes in the limit of large B when only one type of disorder is present, we show that it keeps growing with increasing B in the antidot array in the presence of smooth disorder. The reversal of the behavior of ρxx(B) is due to a mutual destruction of the quasiclassical localization induced by a strong magnetic field: specifically, the adiabatic localization in the long-range Gaussian disorder is washed out by the scattering on hard discs, whereas the adiabatic drift and related percolation of cyclotron orbits destroys the localization in the dilute system of hard discs. For intermediate magnetic fields in a dilute antidot array, we show the existence of a strong negative magnetoresistance, which leads to a nonmonotonic dependence of ρxx(B).
Hidden sector effects on double higgs production near threshold at the LHC
Creators: name: Oliveira, A. C. A.
name: Rosenfeld, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we study a novel effect of a hidden sector coupling to the standard model Higgs boson: an enhancement of the Higgs pair production cross section near threshold due to bound state effects. After summing the ladder contributions of the hidden sector to the effective $ggHH$ coupling, we find the amplitude for gluon-gluon scattering via a Higgs loop. We relate this amplitude to the double Higgs production cross section via the optical theorem. We find that enhancements of the order of 100 for the partonic cross section near the threshold region can be obtained for a hidden sector strongly coupled to the Higgs boson. The corresponding cross section at the LHC can be as large as a factor of 10 times the SM result for extreme values of the coupling. The detection of such an effect could in principle lead to important information about the hidden sector.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Matches published version
Clock synchronization and light-travel-time estimation for space-based gravitational-wave detectors
Creators: name: Reinhardt, Jan Niklas
name: Hartwig, Olaf
name: Heinzel, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Space-based gravitational-wave detectors, such as LISA, record interferometric measurements on widely separated satellites. Their clocks are not synced actively. Instead, clock synchronization is performed in on-ground data processing. It relies on measurements of the so-called pseudoranges, which entangle the interspacecraft light travel times with the clock desynchronizations between emitting and receiving spacecraft. For interspacecraft clock synchronization, we need to isolate the differential clock desynchronizations, i.e., disentangle the pseudoranges. This further yields estimates for the interspacecraft light travel times, which are required as delays for the laser frequency noise suppression via time-delay interferometry. Previous studies on pseudorange disentanglement apply various simplifications in the pseudorange modeling and the data simulation. In contrast, this article derives an accurate pseudorange model in the barycentric celestial reference system, complemented by realistic state-of-the-art LISA data simulations. Concerning pseudorange disentanglement, this leads to an a priori under-determined system. We demonstrate how on-ground orbit determinations, as well as onboard transmission and on-ground reception time tags of the telemetry data, can be used to resolve this degeneracy. We introduce an algorithm for pseudorange disentanglement based on a nonstandard Kalman filter specially designed for clock synchronization in systems where pseudorange measurements are conducted in different time frames. This algorithm achieves interspacecraft clock synchronization and light travel time estimation with submeter accuracy, thus fulfilling the requirements of time-delay interferometry.
Characterization of two ASD-associated genes in primary hippocampal neurons : SEMA5A and PTEN
Creators: name: Dingwall, Riki
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder primarily characterized by stereotypic behaviors, deficits in social interaction and difficulties with communication. Extensive epidemiological studies suggest a major role for genetics in the etiology of ASD. To date, 600-1,200 human genes have putatively been linked to ASD, including SEMA5A and PTEN. A large number of these ASD-associated genes play a role in the formation, maintenance, elimination or stabilization of synapses, while others are involved in broader elements of neurodevelopment, such as dendrite arborization, dendritogenesis, and soma size. Consistent with neurological dysfunction in ASD are observations that individuals with ASD often have supernumerary synapses, disrupted excitatory/inhibitory balance, and patterns of hypo- and hyper-connectivity compared to the general population. Despite this, many of the neurological functions of ASD-associated genes or gene disruptions remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we examine the role of Sema5A in activity-mediated synapse elimination, notably hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). We describe the enhanced trafficking of Sema5A to the surface membrane during LTD and the subsequent Sema5A-dependent elimination of excitatory synapses. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Sema5A selectively mediates excitatory—and not inhibitory—synapse elimination, suggesting a mechanism by which the dysregulation of Sema5A could disrupt excitatory/inhibitory balance. Secondly, we describe the role of PTEN in negatively regulating excitatory synapse density, total dendritic arbor length, and soma size. Moreover, we characterize alterations to the neurological functions of PTEN in mature hippocampal neurons following the introduction of ASD-associated single nucleotide variants (SNVs). We demonstrate that most of the ASD-associated PTEN SNVs tested are broadly loss of function, with two notable exceptions: P38H PTEN exhibits a single altered neurological function, while H123Q PTEN phenocopies wild type human PTEN across all measures, further stressing the importance of biological functionalization. Lastly, we establish a PTEN knockdown assay in which PTEN SNVs could be tested for synaptic, dendrite and somal phenotypes. Combined and integrated, the functionalization of ASD-associated genes and gene variants could permit greater accuracy in ASD diagnoses and prognoses, as well as the improved targeting of therapeutic interventions.
Understanding the chemodynamics of the Bulge (+ x2 Ring/Disk)
Creators: name: Debattista, Victor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: I will present the results of simulations and careful comparisons with observations that allow us to determine the formation of the bulge.  The bulge is to a large extent part of the bar.  It formed in a buckling instability which resulted in many of the trends observed, including the chemical dependence of the X-shape, the vertical gradient and the kinematics.  Gaia DR2 gives us additional insight into the bulge and I will present some results from comparison with our simulations.
Fluctuations of the Inverse Participation Ratio at the Anderson Transition
Creators: name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Mirlin, A. D.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Statistics of the inverse participation ratio (IPR) at the critical point of the localization transition is studied numerically for the power-law random banded matrix model. It is shown that the IPR distribution function is scale invariant, with a power-law asymptotic “tail.” This scale invariance implies that the fractal dimensions Dq are nonfluctuating quantities, contrary to a recent claim in the literature. A recently proposed relation between D2 and the spectral compressibility χ is violated in the regime of strong multifractality, with χ→1 in the limit D2→0.
Semiclassical theory of the quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Brenig, W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: The localization-delocalization transition occurring in the quantum Hall effect is studied for noninteracting, spinless electrons subject to a disordered long-range potential. Within the Chalker-Coddington network we compute the localization length at various energies and for a wide distribution of disorder strengths W. A scaling analysis with respect to the system size and the disorder reveals a crossover from quantum-mechanical to classical behavior that can be studied by means of a length scale ξirr(W) which is “irrelevant” in the usual field-theoretical sense. We show that pronounced classical structures arise at parameter values W an order of magnitude below the classical limit. They are stabilized by interference effects and give rise to ξirr∝W4/3, whereas for the localization length we still find ξ(ε)∝εν with ν≈73 in the entire investigated scaling regime. By relating our observations to recent results on the dynamical conductivity, we propose that the irrelevant scale actually leads to a “long-time tail” of σxx(ω) in long-range potentials.
Physiostracism (Study 1) 2022
Creators: name: Erle, Thorsten Michael
name: Van Beest, Ilja
name: Kip, Anneloes
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Experimental Analysis of Behavior
subject: Social Psychology and Interaction
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: ostracism
subject: social exclusion
subject: physiology
subject: thermal imaging

description: The first goal of our study is to replicate our previous findings on the frequency of prosocial, antisocial and withdrawal responses following ostracism (See registration prior work: https://osf.io/6e2y3). The second goal of our study is to add to the understanding of facial cutaneous temperature changes in response to ostracism. Adding to previous research, we will focus on changes in facial cutaneous temperature during ostracism compared to inclusion and clarify whether such changes are marked by increases or decreases in facial cutaneous temperature. The third goal of our study is to explore whether the observed types of coping behaviors of targets are preceded by unique facial thermal signatures. We will explore whether changes in cutaneous temperature in the face differ as a function of the behavioral response to ostracism (prosocial, antisocial, withdrawal).
First mover effect in music (3rd registration)
Creators: name: Youngblood, Mason
name: Sobchuk, Oleg
name: Morin, Olivier
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digital Humanities
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Music
subject: cultural evolution
subject: music genre
subject: music history
subject: digital humanities

description: This project aims to test whether early contributors to music genres end up being more successful.
Quantum Hall ferromagnets, cooperative transport anisotropy, and the random field Ising model
Creators: name: Chalker, J. T.
name: Polyakov, D. G.
name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Mirlin, A. D.
name: Wölfle, P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We discuss the behavior of a quantum Hall system when two Landau levels with opposite spins and combined filling factor near unity are brought into energetic coincidence using an in-plane component of magnetic field. We focus on the interpretation of recent experiments under these conditions [Zeitler et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 866 (2001); Pan et al., Phys. Rev. B 64, 121305 (2001)], in which a large resistance anisotropy develops at low temperatures. Modeling the systems involved as Ising quantum Hall ferromagnets, we suggest that this transport anisotropy reflects domain formation induced by a random field arising from isotropic sample surface roughness.
Follow up to “Do (intelligent) recommendations create moral wiggle room?” (Study 2)
Creators: name: Lohse, Johannes
name: Arroyos-Calvera, Danae
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Business
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This is the registration document for a follow up to “Do (intelligent) recommendations create moral wiggle room?” (Study 2)
Multifractality of wave functions at the quantum Hall transition revisited
Creators: name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Mildenberger, A.
name: Mirlin, A. D.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We investigate numerically the statistics of wave function amplitudes ψ(r) at the integer quantum Hall transition. It is demonstrated that in the limit of a large system size the distribution function of |ψ|2 is log-normal, so that the multifractal spectrum f(α) is exactly parabolic. Our findings lend strong support to a recent conjecture for a critical theory of the quantum Hall transition.
The Similarity Renormalization Group with Novel Generators
Creators: name: Li, W.
name: Anderson, E. R.
name: Furnstahl, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The choice of generator in the Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) flow equation determines the evolution pattern of the Hamiltonian. The kinetic energy has been used in the generator for most prior applications to nuclear interactions, and other options have been largely unexplored. Here we show how variations of this standard choice can allow the evolution to proceed more efficiently without losing its advantages.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
Quantum entanglement and non-Hermiticity in free-fermion systems
Creators: name: Chen, Li-Mei
name: Zhou, Yao
name: Chen, Shuai A.
name: Ye, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This topical review article reports rapid progress on the generalization and application of entanglement in non-Hermitian free-fermion quantum systems. We begin by examining the realization of non-Hermitian quantum systems through the Lindblad master equation, alongside a review of typical non-Hermitian free-fermion systems that exhibit unique features. A pedagogical discussion is provided on the relationship between entanglement quantities and the correlation matrix in Hermitian systems. Building on this foundation, we focus on how entanglement concepts are extended to non-Hermitian systems from their Hermitian free-fermion counterparts, with a review of the general properties that emerge. Finally, we highlight various concrete studies, demonstrating that entanglement entropy remains a powerful diagnostic tool for characterizing non-Hermitian physics. The entanglement spectrum also reflects the topological characteristics of non-Hermitian topological systems, while unique non-Hermitian entanglement behaviors are also discussed. The review is concluded with several future directions. Through this review, we hope to provide a useful guide for researchers who are interested in entanglement in non-Hermitian quantum systems.
description: A Topical Review of the Interplay of Entanglement and Non-Hermitian Physics (to appear in the Special Issue of Non-Hermitian Physics in Chin. Phys. Lett. (2024)). version 3; ~15p, 1figure, texts and refs. updated, approximate to final version
Nonadiabatic scattering of a classical particle in an inhomogeneous magnetic field
Creators: name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Mirlin, A. D.
name: Polyakov, D. G.
name: Wölfle, P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We study the violation of the adiabaticity of the electron dynamics in a slowly varying magnetic field. We formulate and solve exactly a nonadiabatic scattering problem. In particular, we consider scattering on a magnetic field inhomogeneity that models scatterers in the composite-fermion theory of the half-filled Landau level. The calculated nonadiabatic shift of the guiding center is exponentially small and exhibits an oscillatory behavior related to the “self-commensurability” of the drifting cyclotron orbit. The analytical results are complemented with a numerical simulation.
Is the Galactic bulge shining in gamma rays?
Creators: name: Gordon, Chris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope indicates that there is an extended source of GeV gamma-ray photons coming from the Galactic Centre. Initially, it was thought that this could be due to self-annihilating dark matter. However, recent work shows that the spatial morphology better matches the shape of the Galactic bulge rather than a spherically symmetric shape that would be expected from a dark matter signal. I will discuss this result and also give details on the evidence that the source of the excess is due to an unresolved population of millisecond pulsars in the Galactic bulge.
Multifractality at the spin quantum Hall transition
Creators: name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Mildenberger, A.
name: Mirlin, A. D.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Statistical properties of critical wave functions at the spin quantum Hall transition are studied both numerically and analytically (via mapping onto the classical percolation). It is shown that the index η characterizing the decay of wave function correlations is equal to 1/4, at variance with the r−1/2 decay of the diffusion propagator. The multifractality spectra of eigenfunctions and of two-point conductances are found to be close to parabolic, Δq≃q(1−q)/8 and Xq≃q(3−q)/4.
Life Satisfaction and Domain Satisfaction: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Creators: name: Scheling, Louisa
name: Buehler, Janina Larissa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The goal of this meta-analysis is to synthesize the available evidence on the longitudinal associations between life satisfaction and domain satisfaction and between different domain-satisfaction ratings. To obtain a better understanding of the direction of effects, that is, whether a bottom-up theory or a top-down theory is more suitable to describe the structural relations, we will compute cross-lagged panel models. If domain satisfaction predicts life satisfaction, rather than vice versa, this would support a bottom-up theory. If, however, domain satisfaction has no effect on life satisfaction and if, instead, life satisfaction has similar effects on each domain satisfaction, this would provide support for the top-down theory. Finally, we will test how the effect sizes are affected by age to obtain a systematic life-span perspective on the associations between life satisfaction and domain satisfaction.
On the saturation amplitude of the f-mode instability
Creators: name: Kastaun, Wolfgang
name: Willburger, Beatrix
name: Kokkotas, Kostas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate strong nonlinear damping effects which occur during high amplitude oscillations of neutron stars, and the gravitational waves they produce. For this, we use a general relativistic nonlinear hydrodynamics code in conjunction with a fixed spacetime (Cowling approximation) and a polytropic equation of state (EOS). Gravitational waves are estimated using the quadrupole formula. Our main interest are l=m=2 f modes subject to the CFS (Chandrasekhar, Friedman, Schutz) instability, but we also investigate axisymmetric and quasiradial modes. We study various models to determine the influence of rotation rate and EOS. We find that axisymmetric oscillations at high amplitudes are predominantly damped by shock formation, while the nonaxisymmetric f modes are mainly damped by wave breaking and, for rapidly rotating models, coupling to nonaxisymmetric inertial modes. From the observed nonlinear damping, we derive upper limits for the saturation amplitude of CFS-unstable f modes. Finally, we estimate that the corresponding gravitational waves for an oscillation amplitude at the upper limit should be detectable with the advanced LIGO and VIRGO interferometers at distances above 10 MPc. This strongly depends on the stellar model, in particular on the mode frequency.
description: 24 pages, 31 figures, 6 tables. Updated article to published version. Fixed a typo in Eq. 31
Multifractality and critical fluctuations at the Anderson transition
Creators: name: Mirlin, A. D.
name: Evers, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Critical fluctuations of wave functions and energy levels at the Anderson transition are studied for the family of the power-law random banded matrix ensembles. It is shown that the distribution functions of the inverse participation ratios (IPR) Pq are scale-invariant at the critical point, with a power-law asymptotic tail. The IPR distribution, the multifractal spectrum, and the level statistics are calculated analytically in the limits of weak and strong couplings, as well as numerically in the full range of couplings.
Health effects of environmental degradation on pregnant women in armed conflict
Creators: name: Ndayishimiye, Costase
name: Gormley-Gallagher, Aine M
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
subject: Environmental Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: environmental pollution
subject: birth defect
subject: adverse pregnancy outcome
subject: war
subject: armed conflict
subject: heavy metal pollution

description: Scoping review study
K3 surfaces and log del Pezzo surfaces of index three
Creators: name: Ohashi, Hisanori
name: Taki, Shingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J26, 14J28 (Primary) 14J27, 14J45, 14J50 (Secondary)

description: We use classification of non-symplectic automorphisms of K3 surfaces to obtain a partial classification of log del Pezzo surfaces of index three. We can classify those with "Multiple Smooth Divisor Property", whose definition we will give. Our methods include the definition of right resolutions of quotient singularities of index three and some analysis of automorphism-stable elliptic fibrations on K3 surfaces. In particular we find several log del Pezzo surfaces of Picard number one with non-toric singularities of index three.
description: 32 pages, to appear in Manuscripta Math
Algorithms for the Split Variational Inequality Problem
Creators: name: Censor, Yair
name: Gibali, Aviv
name: Reich, Simeon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a prototypical Split Inverse Problem (SIP) and a new variational problem, called the Split Variational Inequality Problem (SVIP), which is a SIP. It entails finding a solution of one inverse problem (e.g., a Variational Inequality Problem (VIP)), the image of which under a given bounded linear transformation is a solution of another inverse problem such as a VIP. We construct iterative algorithms that solve such problems, under reasonable conditions, in Hilbert space and then discuss special cases, some of which are new even in Euclidean space.
description: This is a revised version of arXiv:1009.3780v1. Accepted for publication in the journal Numerical Algorithms
Theory of many-fermion systems. II. The case of Coulomb interactions
Creators: name: Belitz, D.
name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Kirkpatrick, T. R.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: In a recent paper a general field-theoretical description of many-fermion systems with short-range interactions has been developed. Here we extend this theory to the case of disordered electrons interacting via a Coulomb potential. A detailed discussion is given of the Ward identity that controls the soft modes in the system, and the generalized nonlinear σ model for the Coulombic case is derived and discussed.
Minimal length in quantum space and integrations of the line element in Noncommutative Geometry
Creators: name: Martinetti, Pierre
name: Mercati, Flavio
name: Tomassini, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We question the emergence of a minimal length in quantum spacetime, comparing two notions that appeared at various points in the literature: on the one side, the quantum length as the spectrum of an operator L in the Doplicher Fredenhagen Roberts (DFR) quantum spacetime, as well as in the canonical noncommutative spacetime; on the other side, Connes' spectral distance in noncommutative geometry. Although on the Euclidean space the two notions merge into the one of geodesic distance, they yield distinct results in the noncommutative framework. In particular on the Moyal plane, the quantum length is bounded above from zero while the spectral distance can take any real positive value, including infinity. We show how to solve this discrepancy by doubling the spectral triple. This leads us to introduce a modified quantum length d'_L, which coincides exactly with the spectral distance d_D on the set of states of optimal localization. On the set of eigenstates of the quantum harmonic oscillator - together with their translations - d'_L and d_D coincide asymptotically, both in the high energy and large translation limits. At small energy, we interpret the discrepancy between d'_L and d_D as two distinct ways of integrating the line element on a quantum space. This leads us to propose an equation for a geodesic on the Moyal plane.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures. Minor corrections to match the published version
Cyclotron resonance in antidot arrays
Creators: name: Polyakov, D. G.
name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Gornyi, I. V.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We study the dynamical properties of an electron gas scattered by impenetrable antidots in the presence of a strong magnetic field. We find that the line shape of the cyclotron resonance is very different from the Lorentzian and is not characterized by the Drude scattering rate. We show that the dissipative dynamical response of skipping orbits, Sc(ω), is broadened on a scale of the cyclotron frequency ωc and has a sharp dip ∝|ω−ωc|. For small antidots, Sc(ω) is strongly modulated with a period equal to ωc and has sharp square-root singularities for a series of resonant frequencies. For large antidots, Sc(ω) has a hard gap at ω
Stability of Scalar Fields in Warped Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Aybat, S. Mert
name: George, Damien P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work sets up a general theoretical framework to study stability of models with a warped extra dimension where N scalar fields couple minimally to gravity. Our analysis encompasses Randall-Sundrum models with branes and bulk scalars, and general domain-wall models. We derive the Schrodinger equation governing the spin-0 spectrum of perturbations of such a system. This result is specialized to potentials generated using fake supergravity, and we show that models without branes are free of tachyonic modes. Turning to the existence of zero modes, we prove a criterion which relates the number of normalizable zero modes to the parities of the scalar fields. Constructions with definite parity and only odd scalars are shown to be free of zero modes and are hence perturbatively stable. We give two explicit examples of domain-wall models with a soft wall, one which admits a zero mode and one which does not. The latter is an example of a model that stabilizes a compact extra dimension using only bulk scalars and does not require dynamical branes.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures; v2: minor changes to text, references added, matches published version
Kinetic study of the dissolution of chalcopyrite in the presence of a catalyst under acidic sulfate medium
Creators: name: Rebolledo, Monserrat
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: The main drawback of the atmospheric pressure hydrometallurgical process to recover copper from chalcopyrite is its slow dissolution rate. The aim of this study was to gain further insight of the kinetics of the leaching of chalcopyrite in the presence of thiourea (TU), as a catalyst, in acidic sulfate media. To do so, the influence of temperature, copper, acid and catalyst concentration on the leaching of chalcopyrite were measured and quantified. Among the parameters tested, the tendency of TU to be oxidized was found to be very sensitive to the concentration of acid in solution. Besides, the rate of its oxidation was essentially dependent on the mineral surface available and only slightly dependent on the concentration of ferric ions in solution. The data from the leaching test in this study demonstrated that in the presence of TU, it is possible to achieve ~98% of copper extraction from chalcopyrite in less than 216 hours at room temperature. Chemical reaction was determined to be the rate controlling step based on an apparent activation energy of 41 kJ/mol. The reaction order of chalcopyrite was found to be 1.7 and -0.9 with respect to TU and proton concentration (H+), respectively. The shrinking sphere model, assuming surface chemical reaction as the rate-controlling step, fitted very well the changing grain topology. The development of a single mathematical expression combining the thermal, chemical, and topological functions to predict the chalcopyrite conversion as a function of the known temperature, ferric and ferrous concentration, thiourea and proton concentration, particle size and time was also performed. The present findings open a new direction of research oriented towards the development of a plausible alternative for a low-temperature processing route for chalcopyrite leaching
Semiclassical theory of transport in a random magnetic field
Creators: name: Evers, Ferdinand
name: Mirlin, A. D.
name: Polyakov, D. G.
name: Wölfle, P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We present a systematic description of the semiclassical kinetics of two-dimensional fermions in a smoothly varying inhomogeneous magnetic field B(r). The nature of the transport depends crucially on both the strength B0 of the random component of B(r) and its mean value ¯B. For ¯B=0, the governing parameter is α=d/R0, where d is the correlation length of disorder and R0 is the Larmor radius in the field B0. While for α≪1 the Drude theory applies, at α≫1 most particles drift adiabatically along closed contours and are localized in the adiabatic approximation. The conductivity is then determined by a special class of trajectories, the “snake states,” which percolate by scattering at saddle points of B(r) where the adiabaticity of their motion breaks down. The external field ¯B also suppresses the diffusion by creating a percolation network of drifting cyclotron orbits. This kind of percolation is due only to a weak violation of the adiabaticity of the cyclotron rotation, yielding an exponentially fast drop of the conductivity at large ¯B. In the regime α≫1, the crossover between the snake-state percolation and the percolation of the drift orbits with increasing ¯B has the character of a phase transition (localization of the snake states) smeared exponentially weakly by nonadiabatic effects. The ac conductivity also reflects the dynamical properties of particles moving on the fractal percolation network. In particular, it has a sharp kink at zero frequency and falls off exponentially at higher frequencies. We also discuss the nature of the quantum magneto-oscillations. Detailed numerical studies confirm the analytical findings. The shape of the magnetoresistivity at α∼1 is in good agreement with experimental data in the fractional quantum Hall regime near half filling.
Bosonic randomized benchmarking with passive transformations
Creators: name: Arienzo, Mirko
name: Grinko, Dmitry
name: Kliesch, Martin
name: Heinrich, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Randomized benchmarking (RB) is the most commonly employed protocol for the characterization of unitary operations in quantum circuits due to its reasonable experimental requirements and robustness against state preparation and measurement (SPAM) errors. So far, the protocol has been limited to discrete or fermionic systems, whereas extensions to bosonic systems have been unclear for a long time due to challenges arising from the underlying infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. In this work, we close this gap and develop an RB protocol for passive Gaussian transformations, which we call bosonic passive RB. The protocol is based on the recently developed filtered RB framework and is designed to isolate the multitude of exponential decays arising for bosonic systems. We give explicit formulas and a Julia implementation for the necessary post-processing of the experimental data. We also analyze the sampling complexity of bosonic passive RB by deriving analytical expressions for the variance. They show a mild scaling with the number of modes, suggesting that bosonic passive RB is experimentally feasible for a moderate number of modes. We focus on experimental settings involving Fock states and particle number resolving measurements, but also discuss Gaussian settings, deriving first results for heterodyne measurements.
description: 10+35 pages, 7 figures
Accuracies of abundance determinations in large spectroscopic surveys
Creators: name: Ivanyuk, Oleksiy
name: Pavlenko, Y. V.
name: Jenkins, J. S.
name: Jones, H.R.A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Along with our own results from the high resolution spectral analysis of the 107 metal rich F, G, K stars from the Calan-Hertfordshire Extrasolar Planet Search program (CHEPS) we discuss differences in the abundances of Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn between a number of large spectroscopic surveys. Most authors tend to use stellar spectra to determine virtually all fundamental parameters including effective temperature and surface gravity. We attempted to recreate results for a dozen of common stars using available input parameters to highlight the real scale of errors this approach might induce. We confirm overabundance and light decline of $\alpha$-elements versus metallicity in the metal-deficient domain from -0.4 to -0.2 dex. This trend changes for the metal-rich stars between 0.0 and 0.4 dex, but among $\alpha$-elements only Na follows positive trend - along with Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn. Slight increase is also visible for Al. Ca continued to show a negative trend.
Explanation of Di-jet asymmetry in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Qin, Guang-You
name: Müller, Berndt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the medium modification of a partonic jet shower traversing in a hot quark-gluon plasma. We derive and solve a differential equation that governs the evolution of the radiated gluon spectrum as the jet propagates through the medium. Energy contained inside the jet cone is lost by dissipation through elastic collisions with the medium and by scattering of shower partons to larger angles. We find that the jet energy loss at early times is dominated by medium effects on the vacuum radiation, and by medium-induced radiation effects at late times. We compare our numerical results for the nuclear modification of the di-jet asymmetry with that recently reported by the ATLAS collaboration.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, made corrections for numerical inaccuracies, qualitative conclusions unaffected
Testing the protective effect of debunking versus prebunking against novel misinformation across time
Creators: name: Hurlstone, Mark J.
name: Tay, Li Qian
name: Kurz, Tim
name: Ecker, Ullrich
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The current study aims to test if an intervention provided in one context (e.g., debunking or prebunking fair-trade misinformation) can generalize to another context (e.g., reduce participants’ acceptance of misinformation about peer review), if the argumentation techniques used to mislead are structurally similar across topics. We will test this in either an immediate or a delayed test. We predict that both prebunking and debunking an earlier misinformation will be effective in reducing (but not eliminating) the influence of a subsequent, novel misinformation in the immediate conditions. We also predict that prebunking but not debunking will be effective in reducing the influence of misinformation in the delay conditions.
Our ADPKD PREVENTIVE HEXAGON model
Creators: name: Esteban-de-la-Rosa, Rafael-Jose
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: En esta figura, el HEXÁGONO PREVENTIVO DE LA PQRAD, se explica nuestro modelo de prevención primaria de la PQRAD (ADPKD), acuñado por el GEEPAD y la Asociación Amigos del Riñón, cuya finalidad es reducir la frecuencia de la enfermedad. Básicamente contempla los siguientes elementos : 
1 )  informar de manera adecuada a pacientes y familiares en qué consiste la enfermedad y cómo se trasmite a la descendencia, 
2) diagnosticar la enfermedad de manera precoz en individuos antes de que alcancen la edad reproductiva y sobre todo, antes de tener el primer hijo, 
3) Animar a aquellas personas afectas que realizaban revisiones en Nefrología y que por desesperanza las abandonaron, para poderlas informar adecuadamente sobre estos aspectos reproductivos,
4) Identificar y localizar los casos desconocidos con PQRAD,
5) Ejercer una paternidad informada y sin coacciones, y
6) Ofrecer las técnicas de reproducción humana asistida, con el test genético preimplantacional (TGP) y la donación de gametos, que eviten la transmisión de la enfermedad a la descendencia.
Speaking the Mind: Cognitive and Metacognitive Signatures of Memory Retrieval Performance in Speech Prosody
Creators: name: Wilschut, Thomas
name: Sense, Florian
name: Hedderik Van Rijn
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: speech
subject: intonation
subject: automatic speech recognition
subject: loudness
subject: prosody
subject: memory retrieval
subject: adaptive learning
subject: speaking speed
subject: cognitive modeling

description: Estimating and predicting memory strength for to-be-learned materials is a key topic of interest in cognitive psychology, personalized adaptive learning, and educational data mining. In this project, we aim to investigate how prosodic features in speech can be used to predict cognitive and metacognitive aspects of memory retrieval.