cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Environmental limitations on biomass production from Colorado's forests
Creators: name: Smith, Rocky
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2008
Subjects: Colorado
biomass production
environmental limitations

description: Presented at the Can forests meet our energy needs? The future of forest biomass in Colorado conference, February 21, 2008, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
description: Rocky Smith graduated from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and moved to Colorado a few years later in 1975. He immediately became enthralled with the State's high mountains, and soon began to hike, climb, and ski on and around them. On a backpacking/climbing trip in 1979, he witnessed willful damage to wilderness resources. He soon volunteered with various organizations to work to protect the mountains he loved from abuse. He studied forestry, forest ecology, and land management planning procedures in order to become an effective advocate for protecting Colorado's wild lands. He worked as paid staff for the Colorado Mountain Club and the Colorado Environmental Coalition, and on his own as a private consultant. In 1998, he helped form Colorado Wild, for whom he still works.
title: Changes of bone mineral density at elderly patients with the osteoarthritis of knee joints depending on body mass index
Creators: name: Lobanov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Bones
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Absorptiometry / Bone densitometry
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Demineralisation-Bone
subject: Osteoporosis
subject: Retrospective
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: It is known that age, sex, the excess body weight and an obesity fall into major factors of risk of development of anosteoarthritis. The Body Mass Index is the important determinant influencing the level of the bone mineral density of various sites...
Mean-Field Gauge Interactions in Five Dimensions II. The Orbifold
Creators: name: Irges, Nikos
name: Knechtli, Francesco
name: Yoneyama, Kyoko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Gauge-Higgs Unification in five dimensions on the lattice by means of the mean-field expansion. We formulate it for the case of an SU(2) pure gauge theory and orbifold boundary conditions along the extra dimension, which explicitly break the gauge symmetry to U(1) on the boundaries. Our main result is that the gauge boson mass computed from the static potential along four-dimensional hyperplanes is nonzero implying spontaneous symmetry breaking. This observation supports earlier data from Monte Carlo simulations [12].
description: 33 pages, 8 figures; text improved; references corrected; version accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys. B
Population activity structure of excitatory and inhibitory neurons
Creators: name: Bittner, Sean R.
name: Williamson, Ryan C.
name: Snyder, Adam C.
name: Litwin Kumar, Ashok
name: Doiron, Brent
name: Chase, Steven M.
name: Smith, Matthew A.
name: Yu, Byron M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neurons
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Neural networks (Neurobiology)

description: Many studies use population analysis approaches, such as dimensionality reduction, to characterize the activity of large groups of neurons. To date, these methods have treated each neuron equally, without taking into account whether neurons are excitatory or inhibitory. We studied population activity structure as a function of neuron type by applying factor analysis to spontaneous activity from spiking networks with balanced excitation and inhibition. Throughout the study, we characterized population activity structure by measuring its dimensionality and the percentage of overall activity variance that is shared among neurons. First, by sampling only excitatory or only inhibitory neurons, we found that the activity structures of these two populations in balanced networks are measurably different. We also found that the population activity structure is dependent on the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory neurons sampled. Finally we classified neurons from extracellular recordings in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized macaques as putative excitatory or inhibitory using waveform classification, and found similarities with the neuron type-specific population activity structure of a balanced network with excitatory clustering. These results imply that knowledge of neuron type is important, and allows for stronger statistical tests, when interpreting population activity structure.
Myeloid Wnt ligands are required for normal development of dermal lymphatic vasculature
Creators: name: Muley, Ajit
name: Odaka, Yoshi
name: Lewkowich, Ian P.
name: Vemaraju, Shruti
name: Yamaguchi, Terry P.
name: Shawber, Carrie
name: Dickie, Belinda H.
name: Lang, Richard A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Gynecology
Ligands
Embryos
Blood-vessels
Developmental biology

description: Resident tissue myeloid cells play a role in many aspects of physiology including development of the vascular systems. In the blood vasculature, myeloid cells use VEGFC to promote angiogenesis and can use Wnt ligands to control vascular branching and to promote vascular regression. Here we show that myeloid cells also regulate development of the dermal lymphatic vasculature using Wnt ligands. Using myeloid-specific deletion of the WNT transporter Wntless we show that myeloid Wnt ligands are active at two distinct stages of development of the dermal lymphatics. As lymphatic progenitors are emigrating from the cardinal vein and intersomitic vessels, myeloid Wnt ligands regulate both their numbers and migration distance. Later in lymphatic development, myeloid Wnt ligands regulate proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and thus control lymphatic vessel caliber. Myeloid-specific deletion of WNT co-receptor Lrp5 or Wnt5a gain-of-function also produce elevated caliber in dermal lymphatic capillaries. These data thus suggest that myeloid cells produce Wnt ligands to regulate lymphatic development and use Wnt pathway co-receptors to regulate the balance of Wnt ligand activity during the macrophage-LEC interaction.
Search for neutral MSSM Higgs bosons decaying to tau^+ tau^- pairs in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for neutral Higgs bosons decaying to pairs of tau leptons with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The analysis is based on proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, recorded in 2010 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb^-1. After signal selection, 276 events are observed in this data sample. The observed number of events is consistent with the total expected background of 269 +/- 36 events. Exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level are derived for the production cross section of a generic Higgs boson phi as a function of the Higgs boson mass and for A/H/h production in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) as a function of the parameters m_A and tan(beta).
description: 9 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 3 figures, 4 tables, final version published in Physics Letters B
title: The feasibility of a low iodine concentration contrast medium (140 mg/mL) during low-tube-voltage aortic CT angiography
Creators: name: Ohka, Yurina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: CT
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Contrast agents
subject: Vascular
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Image verification
subject: Retrospective
subject: Case-control study

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: During contrast enhanced CT examinations, the amount of an iodine contrast medium (CM) should be optimized to reduce the risk of the kidney disease [1,2]. A lot of researchers plan to improve injection protocols and scan conditions using various...
THE SYMBOL OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE WORKS OF AKUTAGAWA RYUNOSUKE
Creators: name: Boltaeva, Iroda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This the article discusses Japanese literature bright representative Akutagawa Ryunosuke's " Transcript " " food " story based on the dream of the main character Goi essence wide analysis The events of the work at the bottom human spirit, dream and aspirations human in life place, destination maturity on the way occurring tests and this on the road help giver and barrier divider factors in detail is illuminated. In the case of Goi to humanity typical patience, perseverance and life content about philosophical observations is maintained.
Altered fetal growth, placental abnormalities, and stillbirth
Creators: name: Bukowski, Radek
name: Hansen, Nellie I.
name: Pinar, Halit
name: Willinger, Marian
name: Reddy, Uma M.
name: Parker, Corette B.
name: Silver, Robert M.
name: Dudley, Donald J.
name: Stoll, Barbara J.
name: Saade, George R.
name: Koch, Matthew A.
name: Rowland Hogue, Carol J.
name: Varner, Michael W.
name: Conway, Deborah L.
name: Coustan, Donald
name: Goldenberg, Robert L.
name: Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Obstetrics
Stillbirth
Placenta--Abnormalities
Pregnancy

description: Background

Worldwide, stillbirth is one of the leading causes of death. Altered fetal growth and placental abnormalities are the strongest and most prevalent known risk factors for stillbirth. The aim of this study was to identify patterns of association between placental abnormalities, fetal growth, and stillbirth.

Methods and findings

Population-based case-control study of all stillbirths and a representative sample of live births in 59 hospitals in 5 geographic areas in the U.S. Fetal growth abnormalities were categorized as small (<10th percentile) and large (>90th percentile) for gestational age at death (stillbirth) or delivery (live birth) using a published algorithm. Placental examination by perinatal pathologists was performed using a standardized protocol. Data were weighted to account for the sampling design. Among 319 singleton stillbirths and 1119 singleton live births at ≥24 weeks at death or delivery respectively, 25 placental findings were investigated. Fifteen findings were significantly associated with stillbirth. Ten of the 15 were also associated with fetal growth abnormalities (single umbilical artery; velamentous insertion; terminal villous immaturity; retroplacental hematoma; parenchymal infarction; intraparenchymal thrombus; avascular villi; placental edema; placental weight; ratio birth weight/placental weight) while 5 of the 15 associated with stillbirth were not associated with fetal growth abnormalities (acute chorioamnionitis of placental membranes; acute chorioamionitis of chorionic plate; chorionic plate vascular degenerative changes; perivillous, intervillous fibrin, fibrinoid deposition; fetal vascular thrombi in the chorionic plate). Five patterns were observed: placental findings associated with (1) stillbirth but not fetal growth abnormalities; (2) fetal growth abnormalities in stillbirths only; (3) fetal growth abnormalities in live births only; (4) fetal growth abnormalities in stillbirths and live births in a similar manner; (5) a different pattern of fetal growth abnormalities in stillbirths and live births.

Conclusions

The patterns of association between placental abnormalities, fetal growth, and stillbirth provide insights into the mechanism of impaired placental function and stillbirth. They also suggest implications for clinical care, especially for placental findings amenable to prenatal diagnosis using ultrasound that may be associated with term stillbirths.
Mediterranean diet and cognitive health: Initial results from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Ageing and Diet
Creators: name: Anastasiou, Costas A.
name: Yannakoulia, Mary
name: Kosmidis, Mary H.
name: Dardiotis, Efthimios
name: Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios
name: Sakka, Paraskevi
name: Arampatzi, Xanthi
name: Bougea, Anastasia
name: Labropoulos, Ioannis
name: Scarmeas, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Cognition
Cognitive neuroscience
Diet
Nutrition

description: Background

The Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with a decreased risk of many degenerative diseases and cognitive function in particular; however, relevant information from Mediterranean regions, where the prototype Mediterranean diet is typically adhered to, have been very limited. Additionally, predefined Mediterranean diet (MeDi) scores with use of a priori cut-offs have been used very rarely, limiting comparisons between different populations and thus external validity of the associations. Finally, associations between individual components of MeDi (i.e., food groups, macronutrients) and particular aspects of cognitive performance have rarely been explored. We evaluated the association of adherence to an a priori defined Mediterranean dietary pattern and its components with dementia and specific aspects of cognitive function in a representative population cohort in Greece.

Methods

Participants from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Ageing and Diet (HELIAD), an on-going population-based study, exploring potential associations between diet and cognitive performance in a representative sample from Greek regions, were included in this analysis. Diagnosis of dementia was made by a full clinical and neuropsychological evaluation, while cognitive performance was assessed according to five cognitive domains (memory, language, attention-speed, executive functioning, visuospatial perception) and a composite cognitive score. Adherence to MeDi was evaluated by an a priori score (range 0–55), derived from a detailed food frequency questionnaire.

Results

Among 1,865 individuals (mean age 73±6 years, 41% male), 90 were diagnosed with dementia and 223 with mild cognitive impairment. Each unit increase in the Mediterranean dietary score (MedDietScore) was associated with a 10% decrease in the odds for dementia. Adherence to the MeDi was also associated with better performance in memory, language, visuospatial perception and the composite cognitive score; the associations were strongest for memory. Fish consumption was negatively associated with dementia and cognitive performance positively associated with non-refined cereal consumption.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that adherence to the MeDi is associated with better cognitive performance and lower dementia rates in Greek elders. Thus, the MeDi in its a priori constructed prototype form may have cognitive benefits in traditional Mediterranean populations.
title: CT instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) for detecting functional coronary stenosis using whole heart dynamic imaging with dose modulated scan
Creators: name: Kawakubo, Masateru
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Cardiac

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a clinically reliable method for detecting coronary stenosis for the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) [1, 2]. However, the presence of coronary stenosis is not necessarily image findings...
Evaluation of a nurse practitioner-physician task-sharing model for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa
Creators: name: Farley, Jason E.
name: Ndjeka, Norbert
name: Kelly, Ana M.
name: Whitehouse, Erin
name: Lachman, Simmi
name: Budhathoki, Chakra
name: Lowensen, Kelly
name: Bergren, Ellie
name: Mabuza, Hloniphile
name: Mlandu, Ntombasekhaya
name: Van Der Walt, Martie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Nurse practitioners
subject: Medicine

description: Background

Treatment success rates for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in South Africa remain close to 50%. Lack of access to timely, decentralized care is a contributing factor. We evaluated MDR-TB treatment outcomes from a clinical cohort with task-sharing between a clinical nurse practitioner (CNP) and a medical officer (MO).

Methods

We completed a retrospective evaluation of outcomes from a prospective, programmatically-based MDR-TB cohort who were enrolled and received care between 2012 and 2015 at a peri-urban hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Treatment was provided by either by a CNP or MO.

Findings

The cohort included 197 participants with a median age of 33 years, 51% female, and 74% co-infected with HIV. The CNP initiated 123 participants on treatment. Overall MDR-TB treatment success rate in this cohort was 57.9%, significantly higher than the South African national average of 45% in 2012 (p<0·0001) and similar to the provincal average of 60% (p = NS). There were no significant differences by provider type: treatment success was 61% for patients initiated by the CNP and 52.7% for those initiated by the MO.

Interpretation

Clinics that adopted a task sharing approach for MDR-TB demonstrated greater treatment success rates than the national average. Task-sharing between the CNP and MO did not adversely impact treatment outcome with similar success rates noted. Task-sharing is a feasible option for South Africa to support decentralization without compromising patient outcomes. Models that allow sharing of responsibility for MDR-TB may optimize the use of human resources and improve access to care.
Dicke quantum spin glass of atoms and photons
Creators: name: Strack, Philipp
name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies of strongly interacting atoms and photons in optical cavities have rekindled interest in the Dicke model of atomic qubits coupled to discrete photon cavity modes. We study the multimode Dicke model with variable atom-photon couplings. We argue that a quantum spin glass phase can appear, with a random linear combination of the cavity modes superradiant. We compute atomic and photon spectral response functions across this quantum phase transition, both of which should be accessible in experiment.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, v2: described quantum optics set-up in more detail; extended discussion on photon correlation functions and experimental signatures; added references
title: Usefulness of a Computer-aided Vessel-suppression System to Detect Lung Nodules in CT Images
Creators: name: TAKAISHI, TAKU
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Randomised controlled trial
subject: Prospective
subject: Workforce
subject: CAD
subject: CT
subject: Lung
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To evaluate whether a computer-aided detection (CAD) system improves the sensitivity of lung nodule detection in routine clinical settings and how it affects time for radiologists to interpret chest...
Data from: The evolution of gestation length in eutherian mammals
Creators: name: Danis, Thodoris
name: Rokas, Antonis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: gestation length
life history trait
adaptive shift
allometry
body mass

description: Eutherian mammals exhibit striking variation in their gestation lengths, which has traditionally been linked to and allometrically scales with variation in other life history traits, including body mass and lifespan. To understand how the phenotypic landscape of gestation length variation, including its associations with body mass and lifespan variation, changed over mammalian evolution, we conducted phylogeny-informed analyses of 845 representative extant species. We found that gestation length substantially differed in both whether and how strongly it was associated with body mass and lifespan across mammalian clades. For example, gestation length was not associated with lifespan or body mass in Chiroptera and Cetacea but was strongly associated only with body mass in Carnivora. We also identified 52 evolutionary shifts in gestation length variation across the mammal phylogeny and 14 shifts when we jointly considered variation of all three traits; six shifts were shared. Notably, two of these shifts occurred at the roots of Cetacea and Pinnipedia, respectively, coinciding with the transition of these clades to the marine environment. These results suggest that evolutionary constraints on gestation length have varied substantially across mammalian phylogeny and that the genetic architecture of gestation length may differ between mammal clades.
description: Funding provided by: Burroughs Wellcome FundROR ID: https://ror.org/01d35cw23Award Number:
description: We retrieved data on gestation length, lifespan, and body mass for 845 representative extant species of eutherian mammals. This information was sourced from four databases: PanTHERIA, AnAge, EltonTraits, and MOM-Mammals.
title: The effect of patient habitus on inter-observer variability in measurement of coronary artery calcification
Creators: name: Truong, Lan-Linh
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Cardiac
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: CAD
subject: CT
subject: CAD
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Not applicable
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Cardiac computed tomography is a non-invasive tool that can quantify coronary artery calcium, with prognostic value in predicting cardiac death and myocardial infarction, and is used for risk stratification and clinical decision-making. The purpose...
Prediction accuracy of sales surprise for inventory turnover
Creators: name: Sano, Hiroki
name: Yamada, Kazuo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Sales surprise, the ratio of actual sales to forecasted sales for a year, is a key determinant of firms’ inventory turnover. While the previous literature on empirical inventory management frequently uses Holt's double exponential smoothing method for obtaining future sales forecasts, this method suffers from measurement error. In contrast, we directly use the data on management forecasts publicised by listed companies in manufacturing and retail industries for the fiscal years 1997 through 2014, which are available in Japan, and evaluate the adequacy of the exponential smoothing sales forecasts. Our analysis reveals that sales surprise measured via both means positively relates to inventory turnover in the majority of industries, consistent with previous literature; however, the two variables imply discrepancies, particularly when economic conditions change.
General condition of western forests
Creators: name: Shepperd, Wayne D.
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2008
Subjects: fuels treatment
mountain pine beetle (MPB)
insect outbreaks
biomass supply
forests
wildfire

description: Presented at the Can forests meet our energy needs? The future of forest biomass in Colorado conference, February 21, 2008, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
description: Dr. Wayne D. Shepperd retired in January, 2007 from a career as a Research Silviculturist, at the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station in Fort Collins, Colorado. He has authored over 100 research publications on the ecology, growth, and management of Rocky Mountain Forests. He holds a B.S. in Outdoor Recreation, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Silviculture from Colorado State University. In retirement, Wayne continues to work part time as a forestry consultant.
Social interactions, wellbeing and health in the oldest old: what can we learn from daily life approaches?
Creators: name: Booi, Laura Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Canada, like many Western societies, has an aging population. Past research indicates that social interactions are meaningfully associated with physical and mental health. Unfortunately, very few studies have included individuals older than 85 years. This is important because the Oldest Old are the fastest growing segment of the Canadian population. This study is based on a subsample of the Berlin Aging Study (N = 83; Mean age = 81.1 years) who participated in an intensive, one-week time-sampling module. I examined how older adults regulate their social interactions by looking at two competing theories, the Convoy Model and the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory. I also examined how daily social interactions are associated with concurrent affective experiences and physical symptoms. This study found that even when controlling for cognition and overall health, age was associated with a decrease in social interactions in the present sample of older adults. Results showed that a more limited future time perspective in this sample was associated with a greater amount of time spent alone as well as a greater number of socially unpreferred situations. Furthermore, a greater amount of time spent alone was associated with lower levels of daily wellbeing. Results also showed that time spent alone was a risk factor for mortality. I discuss possible explanations as to why my findings complement past research by showing less favorable associations between social interactions and wellbeing in the Oldest Old.
Grain production management to reduce global warming potential under financial constraints and time value of money using evolutionary game theory
Creators: name: Hosseini-Motlagh, Seyyed-Mahdi
name: Johari, Maryam
name: Zirakpourdehkordi, Roza
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: With the increase of global warming, grain producers should consider emission reduction in their production activities to move towards sustainable development. Besides the challenges of environmental sustainability, grain producers in developing countries face budget constraints for promoting their sustainability level. Moreover, sustainability strategies made by grain producers are not stable and are continually changing over time. This study proposes an evolutionary game model to investigate the evolutionary behaviours of a population of financially constrained producers in Iran who gain financial support from one dominant distributor based on their sustainability investment in the long term. This study develops a one-population evolutionary game model to investigate different strategies of producers towards sustainability, considering the time value of money. Moreover, using SimaPro 8.0.3 software, the impacts of non-renewable and renewable electricity consumption on global warming potential are evaluated through life cycle assessment for grain production. Results reveal that using biomass as the source of electricity instead of natural gas in the grain production reduces contribution to global warming potential from 269 kg CO2-eq to 18 kg CO2-eq. This study provides stakeholders who have environmental and social concerns (i.e. grain producers and agricultural production management entities) with insights into keeping their supply chain sustainable.
Duality Invariant Actions and Generalised Geometry
Creators: name: Berman, David S.
name: Godazgar, Hadi
name: Perry, Malcolm J.
name: West, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the non-linear realisation of the semi-direct product of E(11) and its first fundamental representation at lowest order and appropriate to spacetime dimensions four to seven. This leads to a non-linear realisation of the duality groups and introduces fields that depend on a generalised space which possess a generalised vielbein. We focus on the part of the generalised space on which the duality groups alone act and construct an invariant action.
description: 59 pages (typos fixed and added comments)
Orion: Detecting regions of the human non-coding genome that are intolerant to variation using population genetics
Creators: name: Gussow, Ayal B.
name: Copeland, Brett
name: Dhindsa, Ryan
name: Wang, Quanli
name: Petrovski, Slave
name: Majoros, William H.
name: Allen, Andrew S.
name: Goldstein, David B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Human genome
subject: Population genetics
subject: Non-coding RNA
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Genomics

description: There is broad agreement that genetic mutations occurring outside of the protein-coding regions play a key role in human disease. Despite this consensus, we are not yet capable of discerning which portions of non-coding sequence are important in the context of human disease. Here, we present Orion, an approach that detects regions of the non-coding genome that are depleted of variation, suggesting that the regions are intolerant of mutations and subject to purifying selection in the human lineage. We show that Orion is highly correlated with known intolerant regions as well as regions that harbor putatively pathogenic variation. This approach provides a mechanism to identify pathogenic variation in the human non-coding genome and will have immediate utility in the diagnostic interpretation of patient genomes and in large case control studies using whole-genome sequences.
Nesomyrmex angulatus
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Nesomyrmex
Nesomyrmex angulatus

description: Nesomyrmex angulatus (MAYR, 1862)
Leptothorax angulatus FOREL, 1894: BOLTON 1982: 320 (figs 8, 9), 323 (key, cat. Afr. reg.), 324 (descr., biol., widely distributed in the Afr. reg.).
Nesomyrmex angulatus (MAYR, 1862): HITA GARCIA et al. 2017: 5 (cat. Afr. reg.), 7 (figs 3D, 4B), 12 (key), 13 (figs 8A, 9A), 15 (tax., biol.), 16 (figs 14A-C, D (map)).
* Leptothorax angulatus st. ilgi FOREL, 1894: SANTSCHI 1912b: 148-49 (tax., descr. ♀, Obock).
Leptothorax (Goniothorax) angulatus subsp. ilgi FOREL, 1894: WHEELER 1922: 891 (cat. Afr. reg.).
Leptothorax (Goniothorax) angulatus subsp. ilgi FOREL, 1894: EMERY 1924: 249 (world cat. (Djibouti not mentioned, only Ethiopia)).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Obock.
Nesomyrmex angulatus is widely distributed in the Afrotropical (Eritrea, Ethiopia) and Palaearctic (e.g. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen) regions. The record from Djibouti is not mentioned in FISHER & BOLTON (2016: 333 map Africa).
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 920, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
Zinc inhibits magnesium-mediated human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell migration on fibronectin
Creators: name: Lymburner, Sylvia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer in Canadian women and ranks second in mortality. The cause of breast cancer deaths is the tumor growth in secondary locations. Zinc has been suggested to alter the affinity by which cells attach to the extracellular matrix. The strength of cell adhesion is paramount to the ability of cancerous cells to migrate. The hypothesis for my thesis research was that zinc promotes the metastasic potential of human breast cancer cells. The overall objective of my thesis research was to characterize the effects of zinc on the growth and metastatic potential of human breast cancer cells. Breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in DMEM plus 10% Chelex-100 treated FBS supplemented with 0 (zinc-deficient medium), 5 (zinc-adequate medium), or 25 (zinc-supplemented medium) µmol/L of Zn²⁺ as ZnSO₄. After culture for 96 h, the cells were harvested for determining total cellular zinc concentration, abundance of the labile intracellular pool of zinc, and cell growth. The metastatic potential of the cells was assessed by a combination of migration rate assessed using the wound-healing assay and migration distance using the single cell migration assay. The cells were also assessed for their adhesion on fibronectin, for the involvement of specific integrin subunits using blocking antibody, and integrin activation using FACS. Zinc treatments had no effect on total cellular zinc concentration, cell growth, and viability and essentially had no effect on abundance of the labile intracellular pool of zinc. Zinc as low as 5 µmol/L inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell migration on fibronectin, reduced magnesium-mediated promotion of adhesion and thus was likely involved in inhibiting magnesium-mediated integrin activation. With the use of blocking antibodies, it was determined that α5/β1 integrin was responsible for the adhesion of the cells to fibronectin and it was likely that zinc inhibited adhesion by blocking the activation of this specific form of integrin. Together these results suggested that zinc was an inhibitor of MDA-MB-231 migration on fibronectin, and thus likely an inhibitor of metastases, contrary to the hypothesis.
Predicting the outcome of roulette
Creators: name: Small, Michael
name: Tse, Chi Kong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: There have been several popular reports of various groups exploiting the deterministic nature of the game of roulette for profit. Moreover, through its history the inherent determinism in the game of roulette has attracted the attention of many luminaries of chaos theory. In this paper we provide a short review of that history and then set out to determine to what extent that determinism can really be exploited for profit. To do this, we provide a very simple model for the motion of a roulette wheel and ball and demonstrate that knowledge of initial position, velocity and acceleration is sufficient to predict the outcome with adequate certainty to achieve a positive expected return. We describe two physically realisable systems to obtain this knowledge both incognito and {\em in situ}. The first system relies only on a mechanical count of rotation of the ball and the wheel to measure the relevant parameters. By applying this techniques to a standard casino-grade European roulette wheel we demonstrate an expected return of at least 18%, well above the -2.7% expected of a random bet. With a more sophisticated, albeit more intrusive, system (mounting a digital camera above the wheel) we demonstrate a range of systematic and statistically significant biases which can be exploited to provide an improved guess of the outcome. Finally, our analysis demonstrates that even a very slight slant in the roulette table leads to a very pronounced bias which could be further exploited to substantially enhance returns.
description: Revised
Child contact management in high tuberculosis burden countries: A mixed-methods systematic review
Creators: name: Szkwarko, Daria
name: Hirsch-Moverman, Yael
name: Du Plessis, Lienki
name: Du Preez, Karen
name: Carr, Catherine
name: Mandalakas, Anna M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Epidemiology
Tuberculosis
Children--Health and hygiene
Family medicine

description: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Considering the World Health Organization recommendation to implement child contact management (CCM) for TB, we conducted a mixed-methods systematic review to summarize CCM implementation, challenges, predictors, and recommendations. We searched the electronic databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 1996–2017 that reported CCM data from high TB-burden countries. Protocol details for this systematic review were registered on PROSPERO: International prospective register of systematic reviews (#CRD42016038105). We formulated a search strategy to identify all available studies, published in English that specifically targeted a) population: child contacts (<15 years) exposed to TB in the household from programmatic settings in high burden countries (HBCs), b) interventions: CCM strategies implemented within the CCM cascade, c) comparisons: CCM strategies studied and compared in HBCs, and d) outcomes: monitoring and evaluation of CCM outcomes reported in the literature for each CCM cascade step. We included any quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods study design except for randomized-controlled trials, editorials or commentaries. Thirty-seven studies were reviewed. Child contact losses varied greatly for screening, isoniazid preventive therapy initiation, and completion. CCM challenges included: infrastructure, knowledge, attitudes, stigma, access, competing priorities, and treatment. CCM recommendations included: health system strengthening, health education, and improved preventive therapy. Identified predictors included: index case and clinic characteristics, perceptions of barriers and risk, costs, and treatment characteristics. CCM lacks standardization resulting in common challenges and losses throughout the CCM cascade. Prioritization of a CCM-friendly healthcare environment with improved CCM processes and tools; health education; and active, evidence-based strategies can decrease barriers. A focused approach toward every aspect of the CCM cascade will likely diminish losses throughout the CCM cascade and ultimately decrease TB related morbidity and mortality in children.
We do not live in the R_h = c t universe
Creators: name: Bilicki, Maciej
name: Seikel, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the possibility that our Universe could be described by the model recently proposed by Melia & Shevchuk (2012), where the Hubble scale R_h=c/H is at all times equal to the distance ct that light has travelled since the Big Bang. In such a model, the scale factor is proportional to cosmic time and there is neither acceleration nor deceleration of the expansion. We first point out problems with the very foundations of the model and its consequences for the evolution of the Universe. Next, we compare predictions of the model with observational data. As probes of the expansion we use distance data of supernovae type Ia, as well as Hubble rate data obtained from cosmic chronometers and radial baryon acoustic oscillations. We analyse the redshift evolution of the Hubble parameter and its redshift derivatives, together with the so-called O_m diagnostic and the deceleration parameter. To reliably estimate smooth functions and their derivatives from discrete data, we use the recently developed Gaussian Processes in Python package (GaPP). Our general conclusion is that the discussed model is strongly disfavoured by observations, especially at low redshifts (z<0.5). In particular, it predicts specific constant values for the deceleration parameter and for redshift derivatives of the Hubble parameter, which is ruled out by the data.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Matches the version published in MNRAS
Welcome and introduction: a state in a tight spot
Creators: name: Eckhoff, Mike David
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2008
Subjects: forest health
energy trends

description: Presented at the Can forests meet our energy needs? The future of forest biomass in Colorado conference, February 21, 2008, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
description: Mike Eckhoff is a Ph.D. Candidate at the Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University.
Maternal PTSD and corresponding neural activity mediate effects of child exposure to violence on child PTSD symptoms
Creators: name: Schechter, Daniel Scott
name: Moser, Dominik A.
name: Aue, Tatjana
name: Gex-Fabry, Marianne
name: Pointet, Virginie C.
name: Cordero, Maria I.
name: Suard, Francesca
name: Manini, Aurelia
name: Vital, Marylène
name: Rossignol, Ana Sancho
name: Rothenberg, Molly
name: Dayer, Alexandre G.
name: Ansermet, Francois
name: Serpa, Sandra Rusconi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Psychiatry
Child psychiatry
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Mother and child--Psychological aspects
Children and violence

description: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of maternal interpersonal violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder (IPV-PTSD), associated neural activity in response to mother-child relational stimuli, and child psychopathology indicators at child ages 12–42 months and one year later. The study tested the hypothesis that decreased maternal neural activity in regions that subserve emotion regulation would be associated with child symptoms associated with emotional dysregulation at both time points. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of 42 mothers with or without violence-exposure and associated IPV-PTSD were assessed. Their child’s life-events and symptoms/behaviors indicative of high-risk subsequent PTSD diagnosis on a maternal-report questionnaire were measured one year later. Maternal IPV-PTSD severity was significantly associated with decreased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation in response to mother-child relational stimuli. Maternal IPV-PTSD severity and decreased vmPFC activation were then significantly associated with a child attachment disturbance at 12–42 months and symptoms/behaviors one year later, that were correlated with emotional dysregulation and risk for child PTSD. Maternal IPV-PTSD and child exposure to IPV were both predictive of child PTSD symptoms with maternal IPV-PTSD likely mediating the effects of child IPV exposure on child PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest that maternal IPV-PTSD severity and associated decreased vmPFC activity in response to mother-child relational stimuli are predictors of child psychopathology by age 12–42 months and one-year later. Significant findings in this paper may well be useful in understanding how maternal top-down cortico-limbic dysregulation promotes intergenerational transmission of IPV and related psychopathology and, thus should be targeted in treatment.
Inventory strategies for perishable products with two-period shelf-life and lost sales
Creators: name: Chen, Kebing
name: Xiao, Tiaojun
name: Wang, Shengbin
name: Lei, Dong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: We develop an inventory model for perishable products with a two-period shelf-life. The demand during a stock out in either period is treated as lost sales. Besides the initial regular order, the manager also has an opportunity to adjust the mid-cycle inventory with either expedited order or returns. An expedited order plan allows the manager to place an emergency order if the mid-cycle leftover inventory is low, while a returns plan offers the manager a chance to return some units within the validity period to suppliers if the leftover inventory is high. We show that both adjustment plans have their own thresholds, which exhibit a similar policy to that in the classical newsvendor model. Due to the dynamics of inventory, we investigate how the regular order is affected by each adjustment plan. Our findings indicate that the expedited order plan has a better performance in controlling the wastage risk, but it results in a higher shortage risk than the returns plan. Considering the respective advantages of the two plans, we show the existence of a new plan that is the combination of the two and justify the motivation for the manager to use it in the perishable inventory management.
Pregnant and breastfeeding women: A priority population for HIV viral load monitoring
Creators: name: Myer, Landon
name: Essajee, Shaffiq
name: Broyles, Laura N.
name: Watts, D. Heather
name: Lesosky, Maia
name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
name: Abrams, Elaine J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: HIV infections
Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Medicine
Antiretroviral agents

description: With more than 18 million HIV-infected individuals having initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by the end of 2016, ensuring effective HIV care and treatment services is a global public health priority [1]. Viral load (VL) quantification provides a direct measure of the effectiveness of ART, with a consistently elevated VL suggesting poor adherence or treatment failure and the need for intervention. In turn, HIV VL monitoring is now recognised as a key component of ART services in LMICs in World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, with an emphasis on scaling up access to VL testing for ART programmes [2].

Pregnant and postpartum women are an important population within ART programmes. In many countries, the majority of identified HIV-infected adults are women, and many women of reproductive age are diagnosed with HIV infection during pregnancy through prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services in antenatal care (ANC) [3]. With universal eligibility for ART for all HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women (based on the WHO’s 2013 ‘Option B+’ policy [4]), many women of reproductive age initiating ART do so during pregnancy. PMTCT services extend through early infant diagnosis around 6–10 weeks postpartum until the cessation of breastfeeding and documentation of the infant’s final HIV testing status, which may extend well beyond 1 year postpartum based on the recently updated infant feeding recommendations [5]. With ongoing risk of HIV transmission throughout breastfeeding, maintaining ART adherence and viral suppression is especially crucial during this period.

Although the importance of routine VL monitoring for HIV-infected individuals on ART is widely recognised [6], there has been minimal attention to VL monitoring in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Here we discuss key considerations for VL monitoring in pregnant and breastfeeding women in the context of expanding access to VL monitoring (summarised in Box 1).