cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Subsystem symmetries, quantum cellular automata, and computational phases of quantum matter
Creators: name: Stephen, David T.
name: Nautrup, Hendrik Poulsen
name: Bermejo-Vega, Juani
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Raussendorf, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum phases of matter are resources for notions of quantum computation. In this work, we establish a new link between concepts of quantum information theory and condensed matter physics by presenting a unified understanding of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) order protected by subsystem symmetries and its relation to measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC). The key unifying ingredient is the concept of quantum cellular automata (QCA) which we use to define subsystem symmetries acting on rigid lower-dimensional lines or fractals on a 2D lattice. Notably, both types of symmetries are treated equivalently in our framework. We show that states within a non-trivial SPT phase protected by these symmetries are indicated by the presence of the same QCA in a tensor network representation of the state, thereby characterizing the structure of entanglement that is uniformly present throughout these phases. By also formulating schemes of MBQC based on these QCA, we are able to prove that most of the phases we construct are computationally universal phases of matter, in which every state is a resource for universal MBQC. Interestingly, our approach allows us to construct computational phases which have practical advantages over previous examples, including a computational speedup. The significance of the approach stems from constructing novel computationally universal phases of matter and showcasing the power of tensor networks and quantum information theory in classifying subsystem SPT order.
description: 21 pages. v3: Minor revisions, accepted in Quantum. v2: Significant revision including new introduction with new figures, new Appendix B, new Section V D and expanded Discussion regarding role of different QCA in MBQC, and various smaller changes throughout
title: Investigating Connections: Pornography and Violence Against Women
Creators: name: Gorman, Stacy
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is a content analysis of internet pornography websites. Using the most popularly searched adult search terms, Google searches were performed in order to replicate the pornographic website search of an internet pornography user. Videos were then selected and viewed on each site in order to identify themes of domination, exploitation, reciprocity, and autoeroticism. Also coded for were each sex act performed in the video as well as the number of performers, their race and sex. Key words describing each video were recorded in addition to user comments about the videos when available.

The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of degradation and violent acts among internet pornography websites. In addition, user comments were used to determine whether the videos were considered to be erotic and if the behaviors displayed were appealing to viewers. Results showed that violence was not as prevalent as degradation among the sample. A majority of the videos were described as having themes of domination or exploitation as opposed to presenting reciprocity. User comments were sparse but when present did indicate an overall approval and enjoyment of the videos, as well as some indication of finding a variety of acts desirable and erotic.
Interface entropy in four dimensions as Calabi's diastasis on the conformal manifold
Creators: name: Goto, Kanato
name: Okuda, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conjecture an equality between (1) the entropy associated with a Janus interface in a 4d N=2 superconformal field theory and (2) Calabi's diastasis, a particular combination of analytically continued Kahler potentials, on the conformal manifold (moduli space) of the 4d theory.
description: 4 pages; v.2: reference and minor clarification added, version in JHEP
The Thermal X-ray Spectra of Cen X-4, Aql X-1, and 4U 1608-522 in Quiescence
Creators: name: Rutledge, R. E.
name: Bildsten, L.
name: Brown, E. F.
name: Pavlov, G. G.
name: Zavlin, V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-analyze the available X-ray spectral data of the type I bursting neutron star transients Aql X-1, Cen X-4, and 4U 1608-522 using realistic hydrogen atmosphere models. Previous spectral fits assumed a blackbody spectrum; because the free-free dominated photospheric opacity decreases with increasing frequency, blackbody spectral fits overestimate the effective temperature and underestimate, by as much as two orders of magnitude, the emitting area. Hydrogen atmosphere spectral models, when fit to the available observational data, imply systematically larger emission area radii, consistent with the canonical 10 km radius of a neutron star. This suggests that a substantial fraction of the quiescent luminosity is thermal emission from the surface of the neutron star. The magnitude of the equivalent hydrogen column density toward these systems, however, presents a considerable systematic uncertainty, which can only be eliminated by high signal-to-noise X-ray spectral measurements (e.g., with AXAF or XMM) which would permit simultaneous determination of the equivalent hydrogen column density, emission area, and thermal temperature.
description: 16 Pages, LaTeX, no Figures, accepted by ApJ
Pavo bicalcaratus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Galliformes
Phasianidae
Pavo
Pavo bicalcaratus

description: Pavo bicalcaratus [spec. nov.]
P. capite laevi, calcaribus duobus.
Phasianus pavonicus chinensis. Edw. av. 67. t. 67. & t. 69. f. 1.
Habitat in China.
Pennae verticis revolutae. Pennae posterioris dorsi longae ocellis pavonimis indicant hoc genus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 156, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Julio Cortázar: Geschichten von Cronopien und Famen
Creators: name: Günter W., Lorenz
name: Lorenz, Günter W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021
Subjects: Literatura argentina
"Historias de cronopios y de famas"

description: Notas: Parece un guion. Procede de un programa cultural de radio animado por Günter W. Lorenz, de la Süddeutscher Rundfunk (SDR): radiodifusora pública alemana para el norte de Baden-Württemberg de 1949 a 1998. Anotaciones manuscritas: "Cronopios y famas" y "Cortázar, Geschichten S.2", y sello "Für den Autor" ("Para el Autor") en la primera página.
description: Source: Num.Ref. : JC-CAR-11.020
description: Source: Localización del archivo: Centre de Recherches Latino-Américaines (CRLA–Archivos, ITEM UMR8132). MSHS - Bât. A5, 1er étage 5 rue Théodore Lefebvre - TSA21103. 86073 Poitiers cedex 9.
A Wavelet Exploration of the Q0957+561 A,B brightness Record
Creators: name: Schild, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Q0957+561 A,B brightness record with 3 types of wavelets to define properties that are independent of the nature of the analyzing wavelet. The wavelet analysis picks out features having arbitrary shape, and localizes them in time and fits amplitudes. We find that independently of the analyzing wavelet, the mean wavelet amplitude is zero, meaning that there are as many positive as negative brightness spikes. For all wavelet durations the fitted amplitudes are equal in the A and B images, except that image B may have larger amplitude brightness fluctuations for the longest duration 64-day features. Independently of the wavelet family fitted or of the kind of statistical measure of wavelet amplitude, the fitted amplitudes seem to increase as a linear function of the wavelet duration, with the mean absolute deviation about a factor of 10 greater for 64-day wavelets than for 2-day wavelets. The underlying physical process producing the brightness fluctuations is found to have more power in long duration wavelets than in short duration wavelets than a process dominated by white noise. Thus it is established that the rapid brightness fluctuations observed in the Q0957 images A and B are not the result of observational noise.
description: 24 pages, 10 illustrations
Non-strange Dibaryon Resonances Observed in the $γd\to π^0π^0 d$ Reaction
Creators: name: Ishikawa, T.
name: Fujimura, H.
name: Fukasawa, H.
name: Hashimoto, R.
name: He, Q.
name: Honda, Y.
name: Iwata, T.
name: Kaida, S.
name: Kanda, H.
name: Kasagi, J.
name: Kawano, A.
name: Kuwasaki, S.
name: Maeda, K.
name: Masumoto, S.
name: Miyabe, M.
name: Miyahara, F.
name: Mochizuki, K.
name: Muramatsu, N.
name: Nakamura, A.
name: Nawa, K.
name: Ogushi, S.
name: Okada, Y.
name: Okamura, K.
name: Onodera, Y.
name: Ozawa, K.
name: Sakamoto, Y.
name: Sato, M.
name: Shimizu, H.
name: Sugai, H.
name: Suzuki, K.
name: Tajima, Y.
name: Takahashi, S.
name: Taniguchi, Y.
name: Tsuchikawa, Y.
name: Yamazaki, H.
name: Yamazaki, R.
name: Yoshida, H. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent double neutral-pion photoproduction on the deuteron, $γ{d}${$\to$}$π^0π^0{d}$, has been experimentally studied at incident photon energies ranging from 0.75 to 1.15 GeV. The total cross section as a function of the $γ{d}$ center-of-mass energy shows resonance-like behavior, which peaks at approximately 2.47 and 2.63 GeV. The measured angular distribution of deuteron emission is rather flat, which cannot be reproduced by the kinematics of quasi-free $π^0π^0$ production with deuteron coalescence. In $π^0d $ invariant-mass distributions, a clear peak is observed at $2.14{\pm}0.01$ GeV$/c^2$ with a width of $0.09{\pm}0.01$ GeV$/c^2$. The spin-parity of this state is restricted to $1^+$, $2^+$ or $3^-$ from the angular distributions of the two $π^0$s. The present work shows strong evidence for the existence of an isovector dibaryon resonance with a mass of 2.14 GeV$/c^2$. The $2^+$ assignment is consistent with the theoretically predicted ${\cal{D}}_{12}$ state, and also with the energy dependence of the $π{d}$ partial-wave amplitude $^3\!P_2$ for the $π^{\pm}d${$\to$}$π^{\pm}d$ and $π^+d${$\to$}${pp}$ reactions.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
First Order Kaon Condensate
Creators: name: Glendenning, Norman K.
name: Schaffner-Bielich, Jurgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First order Bose condensation in asymmetric nuclear matter and in neutron stars is studied, with particular reference to kaon condensation. We demonstrate explicitly why the Maxwell construction fails to assure equilibrium in multicomponent substances. Gibbs conditions and conservation laws require that for phase equilibrium, the charge density must have opposite sign in the two phases of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. The mixed phase will therefore form a Coulomb lattice with the rare phase occupying lattice sites in the dominant phase. Moreover, the kaon condensed phase differs from the normal phase, not by the mere presence of kaons in the first, but also by a difference in the nucleon effective masses. The mixed phase region, which occupies a large radial extent amounting to some kilometers in our model neutron stars, is thus highly heterogeneous. It should be particularly interesting in connection with the pulsar glitch phenomenon as well as transport properties.
description: 25 pagees, 20 figures, Latex
srep42282_blei03a.pdf
Creators: name: Kartoun, Uri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80702 Health Informatics
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Insomnia remains under-diagnosed and poorly treated despite its high economic and social costs.Though previous work has examined how patient characteristics affect sleep medication prescriptions,the role of physician characteristics that influence this clinical decision remains unclear. We soughtto understand patient and physician factors that influence sleep medication prescribing patterns byanalyzing Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) including the narrative clinical notes as well as codifieddata. Zolpidem and trazodone were the most widely prescribed initial sleep medication in a cohort of1,105 patients. Some providers showed a historical preference for one medication, which was highlypredictive of their future prescribing behavior. Using a predictive model (AUC = 0.77), physicianpreference largely determined which medication a patient received (OR = 3.13; p = 3 × 10−37).In addition to the dominant effect of empirically determined physician preference, discussion ofdepression in a patient’s note was found to have a statistically significant association with receiving aprescription for trazodone (OR = 1.38, p = 0.04). EMR data can yield insights into physician prescribingbehavior based on real-world physician-patient interactions.
BVRI Light Curves for 22 Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Riess, Adam G.
name: Kirshner, Robert P.
name: Schmidt, Brian P.
name: Jha, Saurabh
name: Challis, Peter
name: Garnavich, Peter M.
name: Esin, Ann A.
name: Carpenter, Chris
name: Grashius, Randy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 1210 Johnson/Cousins B,V,R, and I photometric observations of 22 recent type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia): SN 1993ac, SN 1993ae, SN 1994M, SN 1994S, SN 1994T, SN 1994Q, SN 1994ae, SN 1995D, SN 1995E, SN 1995al, SN 1995ac, SN 1995ak, SN 1995bd, SN 1996C, SN 1996X, SN 1996Z, SN 1996ab, SN 1996ai, SN 1996bk, SN 1996bl, SN 1996bo, and SN 1996bv. Most of the photometry was obtained at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO) of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in a cooperative observing plan aimed at improving the data base for SN Ia. The redshifts of the sample range from $cz$=1200 to 37000 km s$^{-1}$ with a mean of $cz$=7000 km s$^{-1}$.
description: Accepted to the Astronomical Journal, 41 pages, 8 figures
Simulating the re-commissioning of the large bore gas gun
Creators: name: Smith, Kirsty
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Following an incident, related to the fitting of incorrect recoil dampers, the Institute of Shock Physics gas gun required re-commissioning. It was decided that modelling predictions would be used to provide confidence in the safety of the system pre-experiment. A predictive method was developed and employed ANSYS simulations and numerical calculations. Using the failure scenario input conditions, the model indicated yield and failure of the bolts that secure the impact bracket. A campaign of experiments, with increasing recoil momentum, were modelled and executed using the small gas chamber. Experimental results correlated well with modelling predictions, giving credence to the hypothesis that the original design was insufficient to mitigate the most demanding shots. Design changes were embodied to increase the damper total energy capacity and strengthen the fixing of the impact bracket to the supporting I-beam. Following these design changes, the large gas chamber was successfully re-commissioned, permitting safe operation of the gun throughout its original design specification. With the aid of mathematical simulation, a potentially catastrophic accident has been evaded and the Institute of Shock Physics gas gun has been safely re-commissioned for use. With the gas gun back in operation, forecast experiments created a demand for an increased maximum velocity. As a side study, lightweight sabot solutions have therefore been explored. The investigation culminated in the launch of two designs, of which the extra short sabot, weighing 439g, was successful. The new maximum projectile velocity, using the small gas chamber at maximum pressure (69MPa) has been raised from 1,268m/s to 1,541m/s. If the shot were to be repeated using the large gas chamber, the projectile velocity would be expected to increase from 1,421m/s to 1,620m/s.
Branes and Categorifying Integrable Lattice Models
Creators: name: Ashwinkumar, Meer
name: Tan, Meng-Chwan
name: Zhao, Qin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We elucidate how integrable lattice models described by Costello's 4d Chern-Simons theory can be realized via a stack of D4-branes ending on an NS5-brane in type IIA string theory, with D0-branes on the D4-brane worldvolume sourcing a meromorphic RR 1-form, and fundamental strings forming the lattice. This provides us with a nonperturbative integration cycle for the 4d Chern-Simons theory, and by applying T- and S-duality, we show how the R-matrix, the Yang-Baxter equation and the Yangian can be categorified, that is, obtained via the Hilbert space of a 6d gauge theory.
description: 19 pp. Minor improvements and typos corrected. To appear in ATMP
Properties of white dwarfs in Einstein-$Λ$ gravity
Creators: name: Liu, H. L.
name: Lü, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we explore the properties of white dwarfs with the modified TOV equation in Einstein-$Λ$ gravity, the equilibrium configurations predict a maximum mass limit for white dwarfs same as the Chandrasekhar limit when we consider $Λ$ to be very small($Λ<10^{-16}$ m$^{-2}$), by increasing $Λ$, the maximum mass and radius of white dwarf are reduced. We study effects of the cosmological constant on the physical properties of white dwarf such as $M-ρ_c$ relation, $M-R$ relation, Schwarzschild radius, average density, compactness, gravitational redshift and dynamical stability. The gravitational redshift is a decreasing function of cosmological constant, because the gravitational redshift of white dwarf should be positive, we also find an upper limit for $Λ$, namely, $Λ<3\times10^{-14}$ m$^{-2}$. Our investigation of dynamical stability shown that the white dwarfs follow the dynamical stability in Einstein-$Λ$ gravity.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 tables
title: he Depiction of Alcohol Tobacco and Other Substances in Children's G & PG-Rated Animated Films Post 2000
Creators: name: Graham, Lindsay F.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2007

description: This study will analyze the depiction of alcohol, tobacco, and other substances in G and PG-rated animated films from November 1, 2000 to December 31, 2005. These films will include those released in theaters and video in English, at least 60 minutes in length, and of the animated genre during this five-year window. There is evidence that due to recent societal pressures facing the Motion Picture Association of America and their rating guidelines, the presence of alcohol and tobacco in children's animated Grated films has lessened. These incidents of exposure have since moved up the rating totem pole to receive a PG-rating as previously mentioned thus the addition of PG-rated films in this report.

The potential impact on the lives of children who view these portrayals of alcohol and tobacco is the most significant issue facing such research. Animation is a powerful tool that pulls on the attention and imaginations of youth. This can be correlated with tobacco advertising geared towards children. Children as young as six years of age recognized Joe Camel as frequently as Mickey Mouse and could associate him positively with smoking cigarettes (Rich 2001). It is also important to keep in mind the fact that children under the age of 8 years are said to be developmentally incapable of making a clear distinction between fantasy and reality (Rich 2001). For this reason, it is inherent that a re-examination of the films thought to be the most suitable for our children, those with the Grating, occurs. I then delve further to analyze those PG films which are also commonly thought to be child appropriate films.
Disk galaxy formation and evolution: models up to intermediate redshifts
Creators: name: Firmani, C.
name: Avila-Reese, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Making use of a seminumerical method we develop a scenario of disk galaxy formation and evolution in the framework of inflationary cold dark matter (CDM) cosmologies. Within the virializing dark matter halos, disks in centrifugal equilibrium are built-up and their galactic evolution is followed through an approach which considers the gravitational interactions among the galaxy components, the turbulence and energy balance of the ISM, the star formation (SF) process due to disk gravitational instabilities, the stellar evolution and the secular formation of a bulge. We find that the main properties and correlations of disk galaxies are determined by the mass, the hierarchical mass aggregation history and the primordial angular momentum. The models follow the same trends across the Hubble sequence than the observed galaxies. The predicted TF relation is in good agreement with the observations except for the standart CDM. While the slope of this relation remains almost constant up to intermediate redshifts, its zero-point decreases in the H-band and slightly increases in the B-band. A maximum in the SF rate for most of the models is attained at $z\sim 1.5-2.5$.
description: 12 pages, 11 eps figures, uses paspconf.sty. To appear in 'Observational Cosmology: The Development of Galaxy Systems', eds. G.Giuricin, M.Mezzetti and P.Salucci, ASP Conf. Series
Understanding doped perovskite ferroelectrics with defective dipole model
Creators: name: Liu, J.
name: Jin, L.
name: Jiang, Z.
name: Liu, L.
name: Himanen, L.
name: Wei, J.
name: Zhang, N.
name: Wang, D.
name: Jia, C. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While doping is widely used for tuning physical properties of perovskites in experiments, it remains a challenge to exactly know how doping achieves the desired effects. Here, we propose an empirical and computationally tractable model to understand the effects of doping with Fe-doped BaTiO$_{3}$ as an example. This model assumes that the lattice sites occupied by Fe ion and its nearest six neighbors lose their ability to polarize, giving rise to a small cluster of defective dipoles. Employing this model in Monte-Carlo simulations, many important features like reduced polarization and the convergence of phase transition temperatures, which have been observed experimentally in acceptor doped systems, are successfully obtained. Based on microscopic information of dipole configurations, we provide insights into the driving forces behind doping effects and propose that active dipoles, which exist in proximity to the defective dipoles, can account for experimentally observed phenomena. Close attention to these dipoles are necessary to understand and predict doping effects.
description: The Journal of Chemical Physics
Probabilistic modelling of noise as a driving force in biological systems
Creators: name: Johnson, Robert Andrew
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Systems biology takes a mechanistic, relational approach to the study of biological processes, commonly finding expression in mathematical models. Hypotheses about systems can be tested when formulated as models, and promising avenues for further study identified. A model sufficiently faithful to the system under study can be used to guide experiments, to probe the system in silico, and to learn about emergent features not evident from the static picture of the system. In this work, three contributions to the modelling community are proffered. First, a computational package is presented that implements an algorithm for the validation and parametrisation of a model. In validation, we are asking how likely we were to make some observation, given the model, or, equivalently, how able the model is to explain the data. The subsequent two contributions concern noise in biological systems. Biological systems display inherent variability, or noise, due to the stochastic mechanisms through which biochemical processes occur. This variability can be critical to the behaviour of a system and to the fates of individual cells. With this in mind, the second contribution is the development of a methodology to model protein-dependent population dynamics. The idea is to model cell population dynamics that result of noisy intracellular protein dynamics. The method's application is demonstrated in population-level models of a protein-dependent cell cycle and yeast antibiotic resistance. Given an appreciation of the pivotal effects of noise, the third and final contribution is a study of the mechanism of noise propagation. I present an analysis of the contributions of biochemical reaction motifs to the creation and transmission of noise that ultimately manifest in observations of biological systems. This study points to specific processes that enhance or attenuate noise, with the aim of beginning to unravel the flow of noise through a system.
An Additional Application of the Space Interferometry Mission to Gravitational Microlensing Experiments
Creators: name: Han, Cheongho
name: Kim, Tu-Whan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the detection of a large number of gravitational microlensing events, the nature of Galactic dark matter remains very uncertain. This uncertainty is due to two major reasons: the lens parameter degeneracy in the measured Einstein timescale and the blending problem in dense field photometry. Recently, consideration has been given to routine astrometric followup observations of lensing events using the {\it Space Interferometry Mission} (SIM) as a means of breaking the lens parameter degeneracy in microlensing events. In this paper, we show that in addition to breaking the lens parameter degeneracy, SIM observations can also be used to correct for nearly all types of blending. Therefore, by resolving both the problems of the lens parameter degeneracy and blending, SIM observations of gravitational lensing events will significantly better constrain the nature of Galactic dark matter.
description: 17 pages, including 4 figures and no table, substantially modified from the original version, resubmitted to MNRAS
Understanding the Impact of Long-Term Memory on Self-Disclosure with Large Language Model-Driven Chatbots for Public Health Intervention
Creators: name: Jo, Eunkyung
name: Jeong, Yuin
name: Park, SoHyun
name: Epstein, Daniel A.
name: Kim, Young-Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.2; I.2.7

description: Recent large language models (LLMs) offer the potential to support public health monitoring by facilitating health disclosure through open-ended conversations but rarely preserve the knowledge gained about individuals across repeated interactions. Augmenting LLMs with long-term memory (LTM) presents an opportunity to improve engagement and self-disclosure, but we lack an understanding of how LTM impacts people's interaction with LLM-driven chatbots in public health interventions. We examine the case of CareCall -- an LLM-driven voice chatbot with LTM -- through the analysis of 1,252 call logs and interviews with nine users. We found that LTM enhanced health disclosure and fostered positive perceptions of the chatbot by offering familiarity. However, we also observed challenges in promoting self-disclosure through LTM, particularly around addressing chronic health conditions and privacy concerns. We discuss considerations for LTM integration in LLM-driven chatbots for public health monitoring, including carefully deciding what topics need to be remembered in light of public health goals.
description: Accepted to ACM CHI 2024 as a full paper
Metabolic profiling analysis of pharmacodynamic responses to chemotherapy in cancer
Creators: name: Beech, Adam
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and various chemotherapeutic agents are in use for its treatment. However, response to these therapies is generally low and resistance to these drugs is a daunting problem for cancer intervention. Prediction of response to drug treatment and the pharmacodynamics of response following treatment are important avenues for research into the clinical efficacy of chemical interventions in cancer, and in the goal of personalisation of medicine through patient stratification. This research project investigated potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers of response to anticancer drugs through metabonomics, assessing molecular changes in metabolic profile following specific drug treatments. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used in an untargeted approach on in vitro and in vivo sample sets. Multivariate modelling and statistics were employed alongside database interrogation to identify potential metabonomic biomarkers of response to treatment in three studies: in vitro treatment of breast cancer cells with histone methyltransferase inhibitors; in vitro and in vivo investigation of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in colorectal cancer; and in vivo assessment of platinum resensitisation using AKT inhibition in ovarian cancer. Across the three studies compositional changes in the abundance of several lipids based on treatment was seen, with several phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and ceramides consistently found to increase in concentration in cells or patients that responded to therapy. Polar metabolites that were found to change in level as a result of treatment were more specific to each study. Each tentative identification represents a potential biomarker of treatment response, and requires ID confirmation with chemical standards and fragmentation before further investigating further. The trajectory of the results points to the feasibility of metabonomic biomarkers in early clinical trials as pharmacodynamic and response biomarkers that have the potential to optimise therapy for each cancer patient.
A Survey for Low Surface Brightness Dwarf Galaxies Around M31
Creators: name: Armandroff, Taft E.
name: Davies, James E.
name: Jacoby, George H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By applying a digital filtering technique to 1550 square degrees of the POSS-II in the vicinity of M31, we found two previously unidentified very low surface brightness dwarf galaxies which we designate And V and VI. Follow-up imaging with the KPNO 4-m telescope resolved these into stars easily. The V- and I- band images of And V indicate a distance similar to that of M31, and approximately -1.5. All evidence strongly supports its classification as a dwarf spheroidal companion to M31. Data for And VI are being analyzed, but preliminary indications support a similar conclusion. Our search for more dwarfs, including follow-up observations of numerous candidates found via digital filtering, is incomplete; thus, further identifications may be forthcoming.
description: To be published in "The Low Surface Brightness Universe", Proceedings of IAU Colloquium 171, edited by J. I. Davies, C. Impey, and S. Phillipps; 1 embedded PostScript figure, 3 JPEG figures; see http://aloe.tuc.noao.edu/jacoby/dwarfs.html for a complete embedded PostScript version
Device-independent certification of non-classical joint measurements via causal models
Creators: name: Lee, Ciarán M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum measurements are crucial for quantum technologies and give rise to some of the most classically counter-intuitive quantum phenomena. As such, the ability to certify the presence of genuinely non-classical joint measurements in a device-independent fashion is vital. However, previous work has either been non-device-independent, or has relied on post-selection---the ability to discard all runs of an experiment in which a specific event did not occur. In the case of entanglement, the post-selection approach applies an entangled measurement to independent states and post-selects the outcome, inducing non-classical correlations between the states that can be device-independently certified using a Bell inequality. That is, it certifies measurement non-classicality not by what it is, but by what it does. This paper remedies this discrepancy by providing a novel notion of what measurement non-classicality is, which, in analogy with Bell's theorem, corresponds to measurement statistics being incompatible with an underlying classical causal model. It is shown that this provides a more fine-grained notion of non-classicality than post-selection, as it certifies the presence of non-classicality that cannot be revealed by examining post-selected outcomes alone.
description: v3: updated in response to referee feedback. Close to published version. 6 pages, 3 figures. v2: fixed typo in statement of Result 1 (missing minus sign)
Decompositions into spanning rainbow structures
Creators: name: Montgomery, Richard
name: Pokrovskiy, Alexey
name: Sudakov, Benny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B15

description: A subgraph of an edge-coloured graph is called rainbow if all its edges have distinct colours. The study of rainbow subgraphs goes back more than two hundred years to the work of Euler on Latin squares and has been the focus of extensive research ever since. Euler posed a problem equivalent to finding properly $n$-edge-coloured complete bipartite graphs $K_{n,n}$ which can be decomposed into rainbow perfect matchings. While there are proper edge-colourings of $K_{n,n}$ without even a single rainbow perfect matching, the theme of this paper is to show that with some very weak additional constraints one can find many disjoint rainbow perfect matchings. In particular, we prove that if some fraction of the colour classes have at most $(1-o(1)) n$ edges then one can nearly-decompose the edges of $K_{n,n}$ into edge-disjoint perfect rainbow matchings. As an application of this, we establish in a very strong form a conjecture of Akbari and Alipour and asymptotically prove a conjecture of Barat and Nagy. Both these conjectures concern rainbow perfect matchings in edge-colourings of $K_{n,n}$ with quadratically many colours. Using our techniques, we also prove a number of results on near-decompositions of graphs into other rainbow structures like Hamiltonian cycles and spanning trees. Most notably, we prove that any properly coloured complete graph can be nearly-decomposed into spanning rainbow trees. This asymptotically proves the Brualdi-Hollingsworth and Kaneko-Kano-Suzuki conjectures which predict that a perfect decomposition should exist under the same assumptions.
Comparison of Analytical Mass Functions with Numerical Simulations
Creators: name: Lee, Jounghun
name: Shandarin, Sergei F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical testing results of our mass function derived in our previous paper, and compare the testing results with those of the popular Press-Schechter (PS) mass function. Two fiducial models are considered for the test: the scale-free power-law spectra P(k) \propto k^{n} with spectral indices n=-1, 0 and the standard cold dark matter (SCDM) model with Omega =1 and h=0.5. For the power-law models, we use numerical data averaged over several different output times: ten output times from two N-body realizations for the n=-1 power-law model; four outputs from one realization for the n=0 model. While for the SCDM model, we consider four outputs separately at redshifts z = 0, 0.43, 1.14 and 1.86 from one large N-body simulations. The comparison results show that our mass function fits the numerical data in a much improved way over the PS one. Thus, we expect that our mass function can be a viable alternative of the PS mass function in applications to various areas.
description: Revised version. Accepted by ApJ Letter. Significantly improved. Numerical test for the SCDM model included. 14 pages, Latex file, 2 psfigs
Cluster-subcluster Mergers and the Formation of Narrow-angle Tailed Radio Sources
Creators: name: Bliton, M.
name: Rizza, E.
name: Burns, J. O.
name: Owen, F. N.
name: Ledlow, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have examined the ROSAT PSPC X-ray properties of a sample of 15 Abell clusters containing 23 narrow-angle tailed (NAT) radio galaxies. We find that clusters with NATs show a significantly higher level of substructure than a similar sample of radio-quiet clusters, indicating that NAT radio sources are preferentially located in dynamically complex systems. Also, the velocity distribution of the NAT galaxies is similar to that of other cluster members; these velocities are inadequate for producing the ram pressure necessary to bend the radio jets. We therefore propose a new model for NAT formation, in which NATs are associated with dynamically complex clusters undergoing merger events. The U-shaped NAT morphology is produced in part by the merger-induced bulk motion of the ICM bending the jets.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. High resolution versions of Fig 1 available at: ftp://charon.nmsu.edu/pub/mbliton/NAT/
Purification of single photons by temporal heralding of quantum dot sources
Creators: name: Abudayyeh, Hamza
name: Lubotzky, Boaz
name: Majumder, Somak
name: Hollingsworth, Jennifer A.
name: Rapaport, Ronen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient, high rate photon sources with high single photon purity are essential ingredients for quantum technologies. Single photon sources based on solid state emitters such as quantum dots are very advantageous for integrated photonic circuits, but they can suffer from a high two-photon emission probability, which in cases of non-cryogenic environment cannot be spectrally filtered. Here we propose two temporal purification-by-heralding methods for using a two photon emission process to yield highly pure and efficient single photon emission, bypassing the inherent problem of spectrally overlapping bi-photon emission. We experimentally demonstrate their feasibility on the emission from a single nanocrystal quantum dot, exhibiting single photon purities exceeding 99.5%, without a significant loss of single photon efficiency. These methods can be applied for any indeterministic source of spectrally broadband photon pairs.
Development of DNA-encoded cell-free biosensors for the detection of bacterial infections
Creators: name: Wen, Ke Yan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: This thesis describes the development of cell-free biosensors for the detection of quorum- sensing molecules in human clinical samples. The biosensor devices were comprised of a transcription factor and a regulated GFP reporter output that was expressed in the presence of the target molecule. The genetic circuit was encoded on a DNA plasmid and expressed in a cell-free system, consisting of the basic transcription and translation machinery of Escherichia coli in an open reaction. A biosensor device specific for the 3-oxo-C12-HSL quorum-sensing molecule from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was implemented in cell-free systems and used to measure the presence of acyl homoserine lactones in sputum samples collected from cystic fibrosis patients. Mass spectrometry analysis of sputum samples was also conducted to validate the biosensor results. It was found that not all samples from Pseudomonas-infected patients had detectable levels of AHL, and that the detection limit of the biosensor was greater than the concentration of AHL measured in many of the analysed clinical samples. Optimisation of the sample preparation and cell-free assay improved the ability of the biosensor to detect 3-oxo-C12-HSL in cystic fibrosis sputum. The limitations of the assay were identified so that the biosensor can be further developed into a functional tool for the detection of AHLs in clinical samples. In addition to the clinical testing, two new biosensors were constructed for the detection of the AHL C8-HSL and the intracellular signalling molecule c-di-GMP, and both devices were shown to be functional in cell-free systems.
The geology & surface mineralogy of Mars; using Martian meteorites as a ground-truth for spacecraft data
Creators: name: Stephen, Natasha Rachel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The surface of Mars has been characterised by interpreting data from orbiting satellites and severalplanetary landers and rovers for many decades; however, there are now ~70 meteorites in collections that are believed to have originated on the surface of Mars. These meteorites provide the only in situ opportunity to study true Martian material and could serve as a ground-truth for spacecraft data. This research investigates the hypothesis that meteorite-derived, extra-terrestrial mineral spectra provide a better match to bulk rock spectra that are being measured of the surface of Mars. The key mineralogical, textural and spectroscopic features of the shergottite meteorites have been described using a multidisciplinary approach. A suite of shergottites, the most numerous sub-group of Martian meteorites, have been analysed in order to understand the mineralogical properties of this diverse group and to constrain their relative magmatic histories. The research was conducted using an array of analytical techniques and, where possible, instruments that are used for in situ and remote observations of planetary bodies such as Mars. The two main techniques used in this study, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and micro-Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, have shown their suitability for this work owing to their precision within a mineralogical context and non-destructive nature. This PhD research has shown that EBSD in particular is an excellent, yet underused, analytical technique for use in mineralogical investigations of meteorites and has led to further characterization of their respective magmatic histories previously overlooked. This research has also characterized a suite of Martian-specific mineral spectra within the mid-IR range that have been underrepresented within spectral libraries previously, including the elusive low-Ca clinopyroxene pigeonite. The implications of this study are far-reaching; the collective techniques used here can be applied to other planetary bodies throughout the solar system.
Inter-workgroup barrier synchronisation on graphics processing units
Creators: name: Sorensen, Tyler
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: GPUs are parallel devices that are able to run thousands of independent threads concurrently. Traditional GPU programs are data-parallel, requiring little to no communication, i.e. synchronisation, between threads. However, classical concurrency in the context of CPUs often exploits synchronisation idioms that are not supported on GPUs. By studying such idioms on GPUs, with an aim to facilitate them in a portable way, a wider and more generic space of GPU applications can be made possible. While the breadth of this thesis extends to many aspects of GPU systems, the common thread throughout is the global barrier: an execution barrier that synchronises all threads executing a GPU application. The idea of such a barrier might seem straightforward, however this investigation reveals many challenges and insights. In particular, this thesis includes the following studies: Execution models: while a general global barrier can deadlock due to starvation on GPUs, it is shown that the scheduling guarantees of current GPUs can be used to dynamically create an execution environment that allows for a safe and portable global barrier across a subset of the GPU threads. Application optimisations: a set GPU optimisations are examined that are tailored for graph applications, including one optimisation enabled by the global barrier. It is shown that these optimisations can provided substantial performance improvements, e.g. the barrier optimisation achieves over a 10X speedup on AMD and Intel GPUs. The performance portability of these optimisations is investigated, as their utility varies across input, application, and architecture. Multitasking: because many GPUs do not support preemption, long-running GPU compute tasks (e.g. applications that use the global barrier) may block other GPU functions, including graphics. A simple cooperative multitasking scheme is proposed that allows graphics tasks to meet their deadlines with reasonable overheads.
Source localisation and beamforming in the presence of multipath and co-channel interference
Creators: name: Venieris, Evangelos
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Novel passive array processing algorithms are proposed which are related to the localisation of the source and multipath reflectors of a desired signal in the presence of co-channel interference under the narrowband and wideband assumptions. An important limitation of localisation approaches which are based on the Line-of-Sight multipath of the desired signal is the fact they are unsuccessful in the presence of multipath. For this reason, in this thesis a localisation preprocessing algorithm is proposed which removes all the multipaths from the signal received by the array except for the Line-of-Sight one, thus enabling Line-of-Sight based localisation approaches to operate in the presence of multipath. In addition, a novel algorithm is proposed for the localisation of signal sources and multipath reflectors lying inside the near-far field of a large or small aperture array. The proposed approach expresses the unknown path delay as a function of path range and this allows the source and multipath reflectors of the desired signal to be unambiguously localised in the presence of Multiple-Access-Interference or jammers. Furthermore, a localisation-assisted beamforming algorithm is proposed for large aperture arrays consisting of a number of small aperture arrays which don't receive the same number of signals (multipaths). For each multipath of the desired signal, the path delay, range and direction of arrival are estimated and then these estimated channel parameters are used to construct the proposed beamforming weights. Computer simulation studies which investigate and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms are presented throughout the chapters of this thesis.