Lactarius inconspicuus H. T. Le & F. Hampe 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Wisitrassameewong, Komsit
name: Nuytinck, Jorinde
name: Le, Huyen Thanh
name: Crop, Eske De
name: Hampe, Felix
name: Verbeken, Annemieke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Russulales
Russulaceae
Lactarius
Lactarius inconspicuus

description: Lactarius inconspicuus H.T. Le & F. Hampe, sp. nov. (Figure 6 and 11d)   
 MycoBank number: MB811744; Facesoffungi number: FoF00637   
 Diagnosis: a small to medium sized species recognized by the brownish orange cap with paler margin, white latex turning pale yellow on exposure and on white tissue paper and white handkerchief, with incomplete reticulate basidiospore ornamentation, large and protruding pleuromacrocystidia and an ixotrichodermal pileipellis.   
 Etymology: —‘inconspicuus’ refers to the inconspicuous macromorphological characters of the species.   
 Typus: — THAILAND, Chiang Mai province, Doi Suthep-Pui national park, Sangasabhasri Lane to Huai Kok Ma Village, N18º48.62 E98º54.60, alt. 1145 m, 05/07/2012, KW339 (holotype, GENT!, isotype, MFLU!).   
 Basidiocarps small to medium sized. Pileus 10−56 mm diam., convex-umbonate in immature specimens, becoming plano-convex with depressed disc; surface minutely rugulose, dry to slightly sticky, glossy when moist, brown (7E6) to dark brown (7F8) in center or at least on umbo, brown (6E− F6) to light brown (6D7) to brownish orange (6C− D6), paler and cream-colored at margin; margin estriate when immature, becoming striate with age, crenulate. Lamellae subdecurrent to decurrent, 1−3 mm broad, crowded, with 3−4 series of lamellulae, yellowish white (2A2), pale yellow (4A3) to light yellow (4A4), turning brownish orange (6B− C7, 7C− D6) to reddish brown (8E5) when bruised. Stipe 20−75 × 2−8 mm, cylindrical to tapering upwards; surface dry to moist, smooth, brownish yellow (6B− C6) to brownish orange (6C8−7C8) to brown (7E− F8), fistulose, whitish pruinose at base. Context 1−3 mm thick in pileus, pale cream to orange-white (5A2) to brownish orange (5C− D6); odor faint, like L. quietus or Pentatomidae bugs; taste mild. Latex abundant, watery white, slowly turning pale yellow on exposure, unchanging with 10 % KOH, pale yellow on white tissue paper, pale yellow on white handkerchief; taste mild. Macrochemical reaction on the context: light brown (5D4−D5) with 10 % KOH, grayish yellow (4B3) with FeSO 4.   
 Basidiospores typically subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, rarely globose, 6.1− 6.9−7.4 −8.0(−8.1) × 5.5− 5.8−6.3 −6.9(−7.0) μm; Q = 1.03− 1.13−1.16 −1.28 (n = 100); ornamentation amyloid, up to 1.3 μm high, consisting of blunt to subacute thick ridges forming an incomplete to almost complete reticulum; isolated warts common; plage inamyloid, sometimes slightly distally amyloid. Basidia 30−62 × 8−18 μm, mostly 4-spored, sometimes 2-spored, subcylindrical to subclavate, with fine granules and guttate contents. Pleuromacrocystidia abundant, 30−114 × 8−20 μm, protruding up to 30 μm, subcylindrical to subfusiform, with mucronate to moniliform apex, with needle-like contents and fine granules. Pleuropseudocystidia not protruding, 3−5 μm diam., tortuous to straight, cylindrical, with fine granules. Lamellar edge heterogeneous, consisting of basidia, cylindrical to subclavate marginal cells 15−36 × 8−17 μm and abundant cheilocystidia 30−52 × 8−18 μm, not protruding to slightly protruding up to 10 μm, subfusiform to fusiform, with mucronate to moniliform apex. Lamellar trama consisting of globose cells, septate hyphae and lactiferous hyphae. Pileipellis an ixotrichoderm, 100−120 μm thick, consisting of erect cylindrical hyphae, or sometimes, repent cylindrical hyphae.   
 Habitat: solitary to gregarious on soil in montane tropical forests, under Castanopsis armata.   
 Collections examined: THAILAND, Chiang Mai province, Doi Suthep-Pui national park, Sangasabhasri Lane to Huai Kok Ma Village, N18º48.62 E98º54.60, alt. 1145 m, 02/06/2005, LTH256 (GENT!, CMU!, SFSU!);− ibid., 30/05/2004, LTH098 (GENT!, CMU!, SFSU!);− ibid., 24/06/2005, LTH306 (GENT!, CMU!, SFSU!);− ibid., 24/06/2005, LTH307 (GENT!, CMU!, SFSU!);− ibid., 21/04/2011, KW003 (GENT!, MFLU!);− ibid., 05/07/2012, KW339 (holotype, GENT!, isotype, MFLU!); Chiang Mai province, Mae Taeng district, Bahn Mae Sae, 50 km marker on highway 1095, N19º14.59 E98º39.45, alt. 962 m, 03/06/2011, KW016 (GENT!, MFLU!).   
 Comments: This species has the general features of the subgenus but lacks any striking distinguishing characters. In the field this species is similar to L. tangerinus. A microscopic examination revealed that these species can be distinguished by: (1) larger pleuromacrocystidia in L. inconspicuus; (2) presence of a narrow mucus layer in the pileipellis in L. inconspicuous; and (3) higher basidiospore ornamentation in L. tangerinus.
description: Published as part of Wisitrassameewong, Komsit, Nuytinck, Jorinde, Le, Huyen Thanh, Crop, Eske De, Hampe, Felix & Verbeken, Annemieke, 2015, Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Russulaceae) in South-East Asia: 3. new diversity in Thailand and Vietnam, pp. 215-241 in Phytotaxa 207 (3) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.207.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13637261