Gyriosomus crispaticollis Fairmaire 1886, stat. rev.
Creators: name: Guerrero, Marcelo
name: Diéguez, Víctor M.
name: Anguita-Salinas, Simón
name: Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Tenebrionidae
Gyriosomus
Gyriosomus crispaticollis

description: Gyriosomus crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886 stat. rev.
(Figs. 2a–g)
Gyriosomus crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886: CLXX; Philippi 1887: 727 (cat.); Gebien 1910: 141 (cat.).
Synonymized with Gyriosomus luczotii: Gebien, 1937: 744 (cat.), 1944: 141 (rev.), Kulzer 1959: 533 (cat.), Peña 1966: 409 (cat.).
Type material examined. Holotype male (Fig. 2a–c) in MNHN labelled a) “ Gyriosomus / crispaticollis / Fairm.1886; B / Chili ” (white handwritten label), b) “ MUSEUM PARIS / Collection Léon Fairmaire / 1906” (blue light printed label), c)“ TYPE ” (red printed label), d) “ SYNTYPE ” ”(red printed label), e) “ SYNTYPE / Gyriosomus / crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886 ” (white printed label), f) “M N HN / EC8657” (white printed label). One Paratype female (Fig. 2d–f) in MNHN labelled: a) “ MUSEUM PARIS / Collection Léon Fairmaire / 1906” (blue light printed label), b) “ TYPE ”(red printed label), c) “ SYNTYPE ” ”(red printed label), d) “ SYNTYPE / Gyriosomus / crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886 ” (white printed label), e) “M N HN / EC8658” (white printed label).
Other material studied. Ovalle, Socos, Ruta 5 Norte (Km 370) deviation to Termas de Soco. (- 30.72 S, - 71.49 W). 10 specimens, 15-XI-2015. leg. M. Guerrero y Y. Muñoz. 14 specimens, 30-X-2020. leg. S. Roitman. 15 specimens, 21-XI-2020. leg. V. M. Diéguez y M. Guerrero. Ovalle, Alcones (- 30.79°S, - 71.53°W). 2 specimens, 23.X.2020. leg. V. Villablanca-Miranda. Ovalle, Ruta D-540 (- 30.58°S, - 71.51°W). 7 specimens. leg. V. Villablanca-Miranda.
Redescription. Length: 18.0– 19.5 mm; width: 9.0–11.0 mm. Head black, front without tuft of setae on inner margin of eye. Antennae extended backwards beyond base of the pronotum. Antennomere XI with a tomentose sensory patch completely covering it. Pronotum black (Fig. 2a, d, g), glabrous, convex, irregular and coarsely wrinkled, with deep wrinkles reaching all margins. Lateral parts of pronotum with small punctures only visible under magnification (25x). Anterior and lateral margins concave; lateral margins with a row of long irregular setae in the groove formed by the double lateral margin. Posterior angles acute, projecting backwards to elytral humerus. Pronotum widest at posterior half. Width of pronotum twice as long at the midpoint. Horizontal prosternum with straight and pointed process (Fig. 2b), triangular in lateral view (Fig. 2c). Prosternum higher than mesosternum (Fig. 2c). Mesosternum with long setae over the entire surface. Metasternum with a tuft of setae in the middle (Fig. 2b, c). Elytra widest at middle of its length, with few protuberances and suture noticeably raised in the anterior half. The elytral disc is triangular in shape (i.e. elytral triangle; Fig. 1a) with irregular pubescent patches. Seven long, thin, pubescent, striae reach the lateral margins but not the disc. The first four striae are diagonal from lateral margins towards the elytral suture and the remaining three (striae 5, 6 and 7) are almost parallel to the elytral suture (Fig. 2a). Striae 5, 6 and 7 extend throughout the apical third. Strong rows of granulations run along the midline of each stria. The space between the striae is as wide as the striae and raised. Lateral margin thick, granulate and almost reaching the apex, gradually disappearing towards the apical declivity. Pseudopleuron smooth and glabrous. Epipleuron smooth and with short, dark greyish short setae. Black legs, femora more pubescent on ventral surface than on dorsal surface. Pro and mesofemur with denser and longer pubescence on ventral surface than on metafemur. Protibiae with denser pubescence on all surfaces (Fig. 2b, c). Abdomen: First abdominal segment with a tuft of golden setae in the central area. Aedeagus in ventral view with lateral styles narrowing towards the apex, base 3x wider than the apex (Fig. 3a), barely curved and thick (Fig. 3b), with scarce punctures on the surface. Apex with abundant long setae (Fig. 3a). Basal margin bisinuate. Basal lamina of tegmen curved and 2.5x longer than lateral styles (Fig. 3a, b), lateral margins sub-straight with last third narrowing to the base, basal margin sub-rounded (Fig. 3a).
Female. In general, females are quite similar to males but larger: length: 19.5–22.5 mm; width 12.5–13.0 mm (Fig. 2d). Elytra 1.6x more elevated (Fig. 2e). Mesosternum with less long setae. Metasternum glabrous in the center. First abdominal segment glabrous (see Fig. 2 f). Ovipositor in ventral view (Fig. 3g) with the second coxite plate + valvifer (v+c2) sub-square barely wider on the half portion, surface barely rugose, very abundant radially directed long setae. The third coxite plate (c3), rounded, 3x smaller than v+c2 and covered by long setae directed to the apex. Fourth coxite plate (c4) strongly sclerotized and lanceolate. In ventral view, c4 curved, thin and pointed (Fig 3h). Paraproct (p) glabrous and smooth on ventral view (Fig. 3g) but covered by long setae directed backwards on the dorsal and lateral face (Fig. 3h).
Intraspecific variation. There is great variation in the wrinkles on the lateral edges of the pronotum which are sometimes very marked and in some specimens almost erased. Pubescent patches on the elytral triangle are very variable in shape and number. Also, the seven elytral pubescent striae are very variable in design, sometimes they are cut or fused and give the appearance of only 5 or 6 striae (Fig. 2a). In general, so variable is the elytral pattern that each elytron has its own pattern (see Fig. 2).
Geographical distribution and habitat. Chile, Coquimbo Region, Limarí Province. So far the species has only been collected on the south bank of the Seca ravine (i.e. Quebrada Seca in Spanish) until the locality of Alcones. This area is located in the Coquimban Biogeographical Province (CBP; Morrone 2015). G. crispaticollis inhabits sites with shrubby vegetation on a flat surface and moderately stony clay soil (Fig. 1b). These environments are characteristic of the Andean-coastal zone south of the CBP. In general, adults shelter under plants and shrubs during the hottest hours of the day, being most active in the morning and midday, when they reproduce and feed (Fig. 1b).
Diagnosis. G. crispaticollis has a completely convex pronotum, with deep wrinkles reaching lateral margins. Elytral triangle short, wrinkled and semi-glabrous, with small irregular pubescent patches. Seven thin, long, pubescent striae on each elytron. Striae 5, 6 and 7 extend throughout the apical third. Strong rows of granulations run along the midline of each striation. Spaces between striae wide (Fig. 2 a, d, g). Base of the lateral styles 3x wider than apex (Fig. 3a, e, i). Lateral styles barely curved (Fig. 3b). Apex with abundant long setae. Basal lamina of tegmen 1.7x longer than lateral styles (Fig. 3a).
Morphological comparison. Comparison of the diagnostic characters of the studied species (see Table 1) shows that G. crispaticollis shares traits 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 16 and 17 with G. multigranulosus and only 5, 8 and 10 with G. luczotii (see Figs 2 and 3). Whereas G. luczotii and G. multigranulosus share traits 3, 11, 13, 15 (see Figs 2 and 3).
Lectotype designation. Two specimens of G. crispaticollis were included in the type series from “ Chili ”. By studying the male syntype, specimen code EC 8675, we conclude that this specimen coincides with the original description, since its external morphological features include an oval, convex, black body; pronotum with irregular, thin and conspicuously impressed wrinkles extending to the lateral margins; elytra with finely granulated striae and raised suture. Also because the description was made based on a male specimen. Therefore, this specimen is designated as a the lectotype and preserves the nomenclatural stability of the taxon studied, following the indications of article 72 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Ride et al. 1999). Through this action, there can be no doubt about the identity of this species, whose taxonomic status is revalidated in this publication.
Genetic differentiation. Fragments of 1522 bp COI were obtained. The genetic distance of COI between G. crispaticollis and G. luczotii was 4.5 % (SE = 0.005) and between G. crispaticollis and G. multigranulosus 4.8 % (SE = 0.005). While the genetic distance between G. multigranulosus and G. luczotii was 4.1% (SE = 0.005).
description: Published as part of Guerrero, Marcelo, Diéguez, Víctor M., Anguita-Salinas, Simón & Zúñiga-Reinoso, Álvaro, 2023, The discarded cow from the flowered desert: revalidation of Gyriosomus crispaticollis Fairmaire, 1886 stat. rev. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Southern Atacama, Chile, pp. 283-291 in Zootaxa 5319 (2) on pages 285-288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/8182603