Deception, Lies, and Manipulation in Cyberspace: Critical Thinking as a Cognitive Hacking Countermeasure
Creators: name: Jackson, Cecile
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 220102 Business Ethics
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 220302 Decision Theory
subject: Digital Humanities
subject: 220305 Ethical Theory
subject: 220310 Phenomenology
subject: 130212 Science, Technology and Engineering Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Rhetoric
subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 80105 Expert Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80703 Human Information Behaviour
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 80611 Information Systems Theory
subject: 80707 Organisation of Information and Knowledge Resources
subject: 80709 Social and Community Informatics
subject: 200199 Communication and Media Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: 200204 Cultural Theory
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 130108 Technical, Further and Workplace Education
subject: 170109 Personality, Abilities and Assessment
subject: 170110 Psychological Methodology, Design and Analysis
subject: 170113 Social and Community Psychology
subject: Personality, Social and Criminal Psychology
subject: 170202 Decision Making
subject: 170201 Computer Perception, Memory and Attention
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: 160603 Comparative Government and Politics
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160503 Communications and Media Policy
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: 160805 Social Change
subject: 160512 Social Policy
subject: 160806 Social Theory
subject: 160703 Social Program Evaluation
subject: 160808 Sociology and Social Studies of Science and Technology
subject: 169999 Studies in Human Society not elsewhere classified
subject: 100599 Communications Technologies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 100503 Computer Communications Networks
subject: 100504 Data Communications

description: Fallacious or misleading information disseminated using technology to deceive, exploit,and manipulate psychological weaknesses, perceptions, and decision-making is identified as disinformation. The exponential growth of the internet and the immense wilderness of information impacts human judgment, perception, and cognitive ability to discern the credible from incredible. The purpose of this literature review is to explore critical thinking as a counter to cognitive hacking and provide a conceptual analysis of fallacy and fallacious appeals as underpinnings to disinformation. The results of this literature review suggest that with bias suspension and awareness of fallacy and fallacious appeals, critical thinking is a viable solution to recognize disinformation. Also, future research may involve qualitative and quantitative studies on disinformation and the impacts on societal reality, decision-making, and the existence of truth.<br>