Entoloma neotropicale Karstedt & Capelari, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Karstedt, Fernanda
name: Bergemann, Sarah E.
name: Gates, Genevieve
name: Ratkowsky, David
name: Cunha, Kelmer Martins
name: Capelari, Marina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Entolomataceae
Entoloma
Entoloma neotropicale

description: Entoloma neotropicale Karstedt & Capelari, sp. nov.
Figs. 23–24, 27k–n, 39
MB 838596
Etymology:— Neotropicale refers to the species being found in a neotropical region.
Diagnosis:— Entoloma neotropicale is characterized by the combination of a yellow basidiome with a conical papillate pileus and cuboidal basidiospores.
Type:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Itapoá, Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve, Sambaqui Trail, 11 November 2011, F. Karstedt et al. FK2130 (Holotype, FLOR).
Description:— Pileus 9–28 mm diam., conical when young with an involute margin, then broadly conical with a pronounced papilla, margin involute to revolute, translucent-striate, when young yellowish on the margin and light brown-orange at the center, then entirely yellow, or orange-salmon, when drying whitish yellow or whitish salmon, hygrophanous, surface adpressed-fibrillose, margin entire, eroded or slightly undulate. Pileus context up to 8 mm thick, translucent yellow. Lamellae adnexed, adnexed-sinuate or sinuate, narrow or slightly ventricose, yellow, light pink-yellow, pink, or salmon-orange, distant with two or three tiers of lamellulae, margin paler and slightly irregular or serrate. Stipe 53–80 × 2–5 mm, attenuated upwards, circular in cross-section, centrally attached or eccentric, whitish yellow, light yellow at the apex to yellowish beige at the base, or orange-salmon, slightly sulcate-striate longitudinally, fibrous, hollow, with yellowish white or white basal tomentum. Odor and taste indistinct. Spore print not observed.
Basidiospores cuboidal with an obvious hilar appendix, including projections (6.2–)7–8.7(–10) × 7–8.7(–10) µm [xm = 7.9 (± 0.73) × 8.5 (± 0.7) µm, Q = 1–1.2(–1.4), Qm = 1.09 (± 0.1), n = 116/10] and diagonally 10–12.5 × 10–12.5 µm [xm = 10.9 (± 0.56) × 11.38 (± 0.86) µm, Q = 1–1.12, Qm = 1.01 (± 0.05), n = 67/8], thin-walled. Basidia clavate, 31–50 × (11–)12.5–16 µm (n = 72/8), hyaline, thin-walled, 4-sterigmate. Cheilocystidia along the entire lamellar margin, cylindrical, cylindro-clavate, clavate, inflated, sometimes ventricose, fusoid, tortuose, sometimes septate, 26–112 × (5–) 8.7–20 µm (n = 121/8), hyaline or with a little straw yellow or brownish intracellular pigment, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia and pseudocystidia absent. Lamellar trama of parallel, cylindrical hyphae, 5–25(–33) µm diam. (n = 114/8), hyaline or with straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled, septa distant; sub-hymenium branched. Pileitrama composed of radially arranged, cylindrical, inflated or fusoid hyphae, 3.7–25 µm diam. (n = 90/5), hyaline, sometimes incrusted with internal “shiny/crystalline” pigment, thin-walled, septa distant. Pileipellis a cutis of prostrate hyphae, sometimes forming tangled groups that resemble tufts, cylindrical, sometimes inflated, 3.7–13 µm diam. (n = 144/9), hyaline or with straw yellow intracellular pigment, rarely incrusted with “shiny” pigment, thin-walled, septa distant. Stipitipellis a cutis, with cylindrical hyphae, 2.5–8.7(–11.2) µm diam. (n = 82/4), hyaline or with straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled, septa distant. Caulocystidia rare, cylindro-clavate or clavate, 15–75 × 8.7–12.5 µm (n = 4/1), hyaline or with a little straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Refractive hyphae present in the lamellar trama, pileus trama, pileipellis and stipitipellis. Shiny granules present in the hyphae of the lamellar trama and the pileus.
Habitat:—Solitary or gregarious, in sandy soil, in the Atlantic Forest biome.
Distribution:— Entoloma neotropicale is described here from material collected in Brazil, from the states of Bahia and Santa Catarina.
Additional material examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Camacan, Serra Bonita Private Natural Heritage Reserve, Pousada Trail, 25 March 2011, F. Karstedt FK2016 (SP). Santa Catarina: Itapoá, Volta Velha Private Natural Heritage Reserve, Glass House Trail, 11 November 2011, F. Karstedt et al. FK2106 (FLOR), FK2108 (FLOR), FK2109 (FLOR), Sambaqui Trail, 11 November 2011, F. Karstedt et al. FK2114 (paratype, FLOR), FK2117 (paratype, FLOR), FK2123 (paratype, FLOR), FK2129 (paratype, FLOR).
Comments:— Entoloma neotropicale can easily be confused with E. murrayi, as both are characterized by a yellow basidiome, a conical papillate pileus and cuboidal basidiospores. Furthermore, the morphological distinctions between Entoloma neotropicale and E. murrayi are few, differing in that E. murrayi has few clamps and scattered refractive hyphae (Hesler 1967) or they are even absent, according to Horak (1976a), whereas in E. neotropicale clamps and refractive hyphae are abundant. Although the abundance or scarcity of these structures is generally not considered important, the phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 3) demonstrates that E. neotropicale and E. murrayi are distinct species.
It is possible that the collections of E. murrayi reported for Paraná (Meijer 2006, as E. murrayi) are E. neotropicale, considering the geographical distribution of E. neotropicale and the morphological similarity between E. murrayi and E. neotropicale.
Entoloma murrayi was originally described from the United States as having a straw yellow to brown-red basidiome when dry (Berkeley & Curtis 1859, as Agaricus murrayi Berk. & M.A. Curtis (1859:289)). According to Hesler (1967), who analyzed collections from Tennessee and the type of Agaricus cuspidatus Bolton (1788:66) (= Entoloma cuspidatum), considered synonymous with E. murrayi, the color varies from yellow to mustard yellow (Hesler 1967) and, according to Horak (1976a), who analyzed the holotype and collections from Borneo, Japan and Siberia, it ranges from yellow to pale yellow.
Entoloma neotropicale varies in color from yellow (Figs. 39a–c) to salmon (Fig. 39d) and varies only slightly morphologically; however, the sequences obtained of nLSU, mtSSU, rpb2 and tef1 of salmon basidiomes and for specimens with yellow basidiomes are identical. This color variation within a species is not exclusive to E. neotropicale. The material LE253781 from Russia and identified as Entoloma quadratum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) E. Horak (1976: 190) by Noordeloos and Morozova (2010), is also a salmon-colored species that is placed with another species identified as E. murrayi that is yellow (Fig. 3). Also, Entoloma hochstetteri (ZTMyc42841 and ZTMyc42838) with blue basidiomata, Entoloma canocanicum (ZTMyc42846 and PDD75649) with grey basidiomata and Entoloma latericolor (ZTMyc42850) with brick red basidiomata, group together (Fig. 3). The phylogeny in the present work does not support that these colour forms actually are the same species, but considering the colour variation in Entoloma neotropicale, it appears that classifying species of Cubospora based mainly on colour is not accurate.
description: Published as part of Karstedt, Fernanda, Bergemann, Sarah E., Gates, Genevieve, Ratkowsky, David, Cunha, Kelmer Martins & Capelari, Marina, 2024, Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil, pp. 1-76 in Phytotaxa 654 (1) on pages 51-54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13217065