cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Learning Hamiltonian Monte Carlo in R
Creators: name: Thomas, Samuel
name: Tu, Wanzhu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) is a powerful tool for Bayesian computation. In comparison with the traditional Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, HMC offers greater computational efficiency, especially in higher dimensional or more complex modeling situations. To most statisticians, however, the idea of HMC comes from a less familiar origin, one that is based on the theory of classical mechanics. Its implementation, either through Stan or one of its derivative programs, can appear opaque to beginners. A lack of understanding of the inner working of HMC, in our opinion, has hindered its application to a broader range of statistical problems. In this article, we review the basic concepts of HMC in a language that is more familiar to statisticians, and we describe an HMC implementation in R, one of the most frequently used statistical software environments. We also present hmclearn, an R package for learning HMC. This package contains a general-purpose HMC function for data analysis. We illustrate the use of this package in common statistical models. In doing so, we hope to promote this powerful computational tool for wider use. Example code for common statistical models is presented as supplementary material for online publication.
Tropical Feynman integration in the physical region
Creators: name: Borinsky, Michael
name: Munch, Henrik J.
name: Tellander, Felix
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: geometry
deformation
graph theory
programming
Feynman graph
numerical calculations
mathematical methods

description: The software feyntrop for direct numerical evaluation of Feynman integrals is presented. We focus on the underlying combinatorics and polytopal geometries facilitating these methods. Especially matroids, generalized permutohedra and normality are discussed in detail.
Future requirements for grain handling through Pacific Coast ports
Creators: name: Case, Alan Herbert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Grain is the single most important export commodity shipped through four important Canadian ports on the Pacific Coast. Recent rapid growth in these exports have strained present facilities close to capacity. Therefore the necessity has arisen to study the problem of future requirements for grain handling facilities in British Columbia. Furthermore the over-all development of British Columbia ports has been widely discussed in recent years and because grain is such an important export, the problem of port development requires specific study of grain handling facilities. Investigation of future grain handling requirements relied on both library and field sources. Field work, mainly in the form of interviews with people in port administration and grain handling and selling were especially useful in gaining first-hand knowledge of the actual problems of grain exporting. Facts and opinions gained from field work were also invaluable to interpretation of a large mass of statistics that were available from various library sources. The results of the research have led to several conclusions. The most important is that the Pacific Coast of Canada requires new grain handling facilities in the near future. In addition improvements in handling are possible within existing facilities and throughout the extensive system of grain gathering which begins on the farms, hundreds of miles from the export point. In addition to the above findings there are several important secondary conclusions. First, the markets for grain are likely to continue growing in the foreseeable future. Because the markets of greatest growth are near the Pacific Ocean, Canada's West Coast ports are well situated to serve them. Second, the United States Pacific ports are also well situated to provide direct competition with Canada. If and when this competition becomes more direct, Canada will require the best facilities to keep its customers. Third, Canadian ports have definite advantages to ship operators over the United States ports in the form of lower charges for port use, but maintenance of efficiency in Canadian ports is essential to maintaining this advantage. Finally, the main Canadian Pacific ports are physically suitable for the expansion of grain handling facilities.
Morphological Composition of z~0.4 groups: The site of S0 formation
Creators: name: Wilman, D. J.
name: Oemler, A.
name: Mulchaey, J. S.
name: McGee, S. L.
name: Balogh, M. L.
name: Bower, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low redshift Universe (z99.999% confidence. Indeed the S0 fraction in groups is at least as high as in z~0.4 clusters and X-ray selected groups, which have more luminous Intra Group Medium (IGM). An 97% confident excess of S0s at >=0.3Mpc from the group centre at fixed luminosity, tells us that formation is not restricted to, and possibly even avoids, the group cores. Interactions with a bright X-ray emitting IGM cannot be important for the formation of the majority of S0s in the Universe. In contrast to S0s, the fraction of elliptical galaxies in groups at fixed luminosity is similar to the field, whilst the brightest ellipticals are strongly enhanced towards the group centres (>99.999% confidence within 0.3Mpc). We conclude that the group and sub-group environments must be dominant for the formation of S0 galaxies, and that minor mergers, galaxy harassment and tidal interactions are the most likely responsible mechanisms. This has implications not only for the inferred pre-processing of cluster galaxies, but also for the global morphological and star formation budget of galaxies: as hierarchical clustering progresses, more galaxies will be subject to these transformations as they enter the group environment.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Hard Photodisintegration of a Proton Pair
Creators: name: Pomerantz, I.
name: Bubis, N.
name: Allada, K.
name: Beck, A.
name: Beck, S.
name: Berman, B. L.
name: Boeglin, W.
name: Camsonne, A.
name: Canan, M.
name: Chirapatpimol, K.
name: Cisbani, E.
name: Cusanno, F.
name: de Jager, C. W.
name: Dutta, C.
name: Garibaldi, F.
name: Geagla, O.
name: Gilman, R.
name: Glister, J.
name: Higinbotham, D. W.
name: Jiang, X.
name: Katramatou, A. T.
name: Khrosinkova, E.
name: Lee, B.
name: LeRose, J. J.
name: Lindgren, R.
name: McCullough, E.
name: Meekins, D.
name: Michaels, R.
name: Moffit, B.
name: Petratos, G. G.
name: Piasetzky, E.
name: Qian, X.
name: Qiang, Y.
name: Rodriguez, I.
name: Ron, G.
name: Saha, A.
name: Sarty, A. J.
name: Sawatzky, B.
name: Schulte, E.
name: Shneor, R.
name: Sparveris, N.
name: Subedi, R.
name: Strauch, S.
name: Sulkosky, V.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Wojtsekhowski, B.
name: Yan, X.
name: Yao, H.
name: Zhan, X.
name: Zheng, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of high energy photodisintegration of proton-pairs through the gamma + 3He -> p+p+n channel. Photon energies from 0.8 to 4.7 GeV were used in kinematics corresponding to a proton pair with high relative momentum and a neutron nearly at rest. The s-11 scaling of the cross section, as predicted by the constituent counting rule for two nucleon photodisintegration, was observed for the first time. The onset of the scaling is at a higher energy and the cross section is significantly lower than for deuteron (pn pair) photodisintegration. For photon energies below the scaling region, the scaled cross section was found to present a strong energy-dependent structure not observed in deuteron photodisintegration.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, for submission to Phys. Lett. B
PROBLEMS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND DIRECTIONS FOR THEIR ELIMINATION
Creators: name: Rejapov, Saydulla
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The article describes state procurement, its essence, theoretical foundations, and problems in the implementation of procurement. Also, the number of transactions on state purchases made through electronic commerce and the share of small business entities in them were analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, suggestions for improving the implementation of public procurement were developed.
Quantum anonymous voting with anonymity check
Creators: name: Horoshko, Dmitri
name: Kilin, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new protocol for quantum anonymous voting having serious advantages over the existing protocols: it protects both the voters from a curious tallyman and all the participants from a dishonest voter in unconditional way. The central idea of the protocol is that the ballots are given back to the voters after the voting process, which gives a possibility for two voters to check the anonymity of the vote counting process by preparing a special entangled state of two ballots. Any attempt of cheating from the side of the tallyman results in destroying the entanglement, which can be detected by the voters.
description: 4 pages
Leveraging ancillary benefits from urban greenspace – a case study of St. Louis, Missouri
Creators: name: Jordan, Page
name: Hoover, Fushcia-Ann
name: Hopton, Matthew E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Urban greenspace and green infrastructure are often cited for their many ecosystem services and benefits including stormwater management. However, the localized nature and limited range of effects of these benefits and the type of greenspace and green infrastructure, make planning and placement critical components to selecting for and maximizing desired benefits. Here, the authors test a framework to demonstrate a practical approach to simultaneously manage excess stormwater and maximize distribution of ecosystem services to underserved areas using spatial analysis. St. Louis was subdivided using census block polygons and polygons identified have combined sewer systems with high aggregate annual discharge. Additionally, indicators representing social, economic, and environmental characteristics, which have demonstrated effects from greenspace, were mapped to identify spatial distribution and overlap. The analysis identified one polygon that could promote multiple desired ecosystem services, while reducing annual discharge into combined sewers, and provide these services to an underserved demographic.
A Review of Bayesian Perspectives on Sample Size Derivation for Confirmatory Trials
Creators: name: Kunzmann, Kevin
name: Grayling, Michael J.
name: Lee, Kim May
name: Robertson, David S.
name: Rufibach, Kaspar
name: Wason, James M. S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Sample size derivation is a crucial element of planning any confirmatory trial. The required sample size is typically derived based on constraints on the maximal acceptable Type I error rate and minimal desired power. Power depends on the unknown true effect and tends to be calculated either for the smallest relevant effect or a likely point alternative. The former might be problematic if the minimal relevant effect is close to the null, thus requiring an excessively large sample size, while the latter is dubious since it does not account for the a priori uncertainty about the likely alternative effect. A Bayesian perspective on sample size derivation for a frequentist trial can reconcile arguments about the relative a priori plausibility of alternative effects with ideas based on the relevance of effect sizes. Many suggestions as to how such “hybrid” approaches could be implemented in practice have been put forward. However, key quantities are often defined in subtly different ways in the literature. Starting from the traditional entirely frequentist approach to sample size derivation, we derive consistent definitions for the most commonly used hybrid quantities and highlight connections, before discussing and demonstrating their use in sample size derivation for clinical trials.
A large-scale CO survey of the Rosette Molecular Cloud: assessing the effects of O stars on surrounding molecular gas
Creators: name: Dent, W. R. F.
name: Hovey, G.
name: Dewdney, P. E.
name: Burgess, T.
name: Willis, A. G.
name: Lightfoot, J. F.
name: Jenness, T.
name: Leech, J.
name: Matthews, H. E.
name: Heyer, M.
name: Poulton, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new large-scale survey of J=3-2 12CO emission covering 4.8 square degrees around the Rosette Nebula. Approximately 2000 compact clumps are identified, with a spatially-invariant power law mass distribution index of -1.8. Most of the inner clumps show velocity gradients of 1-3 km/s/pc, directed away from the exciting nebula. The gradients decrease with distance from the central O stars, and are consistent with a photoionised gas acceleration model, assuming clump lifetimes of a few 10^5 yrs. However, in one clear case, the observed near-constant velocity gradient is difficult to explain with simple models. Most blue-shifted but very few of the red-shifted clumps are associated with dark absorbing optical globules, confirming that the dominant molecular gas motion is expansion away from the central nebula and O stars. Many clumps also lie in a molecular ring, having an expansion velocity of 30 km/s, radius 11pc, and dynamical lifetime of ~1Myr. The J=3-2/1-0 12CO line ratios of the clumps decrease with distance from the O stars, implying a gradient in their surface temperatures; the results are consistent with a simple model of clump surface heating due to the central stars. Seven high-velocity molecular flows are found in the region, with a close correspondence between these flows and embedded young clusters. These outflows are sufficiently energetic to drive local gas turbulence within each cluster. We find 14 clear examples of association between embedded young stars seen at 24um and CO clumps; these are thought to be photoevaporating molecular envelopes. The CO clumps without evidence of embedded stars tend to have lower velocity gradients, and it is suggested that the presence of the young star may extend the lifespan of the photoevaporating envelope.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables; to be published in MNRAS
Nucleosynthesis of light element isotopes in evolved stars experiencing extended mixing
Creators: name: Palmerini, S.
name: Busso, M.
name: Maiorca, E.
name: Guandalini, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present computations of nucleosynthesis in red giants and asymptotic giant branch stars of Population I experiencing extended mixing. The assumed physical cause for mass transport is the buoyancy of magnetized structures, according to recent suggestions. The peculiar property of such a mechanism is to allow for both fast and slow mixing phenomena, as required for reproducing the spread in Li abundances displayed by red giants and as discussed in an accompanying paper. We explore here the effects of this kind of mass transport on CNO and intermediatemass nuclei and compare the results with the available evidence from evolved red giants and from the isotopic composition of presolar grains of AGB origin. It is found that a good general accord exists between predictions and measurements; in this framework we also show which type of observational data best constrains the various parameters. We conclude that magnetic buoyancy, allowing for mixing at rather different speeds, can be an interesting scenario to explore for explaining together the abundances of CNO nuclei and of Li.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, proceeding of 'The Origin of the Elements Heavier than Fe' September 24-28, 2008, Torino, Italy. PASA (accepted for publication)
The jet/disk connection in blazars
Creators: name: Ghisellini, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new high energy data coming mainly from the Fermi and Swift satellites and from the ground based Cerenkov telescopes are making possible to study not only the energetics of blazar jets, but also their connection to the associated accretion disks. Furthermore, the black hole mass of the most powerful objects can be constrained through IR-optical emission, originating in the accretion disks. For the first time, we can evaluate jet and accretion powers in units of the Eddington luminosity for a large number of blazars. Firsts results are intriguing. Blazar jets have powers comparable to, and often larger than the luminosity produced by their accretion disk. Blazar jets are produced at all accretion rates (in Eddington units), and their appearance depends if the accretion regime is radiatively efficient or not. The jet power is dominated by the bulk motion of matter, not by the Poynting flux, at least in the jet region where the bulk of the emission is produced, at ~1000 Schwarzschild radii. The mechanism at the origin of relativistic jets must be very efficient, possibly more than accretion, even if accretion must play a crucial role. Black hole masses for the most powerful jets at redshift ~3 exceed one billion solar masses, flagging the existence of a very large population of heavy black holes at these redshifts.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, invited contribution for the meeting: Plasmas in the Laboratory and in the Universe: interactions, patterns, and turbulence. Como, December 2009
Additional file 1 of Characterisation of tumor microenvironment and prevalence of CD274/PD-L1 genetic alterations difference in colorectal Cancer
Creators: name: Yang, Lin
name: Liu, Shousheng
name: He, Wenzhuo
name: Xiong, Zhenchong
name: Xia, Liangping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 1
Learning Hamiltonian Monte Carlo in R
Creators: name: Thomas, Samuel
name: Tu, Wanzhu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) is a powerful tool for Bayesian computation. In comparison with the traditional Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, HMC offers greater computational efficiency, especially in higher dimensional or more complex modeling situations. To most statisticians, however, the idea of HMC comes from a less familiar origin, one that is based on the theory of classical mechanics. Its implementation, either through Stan or one of its derivative programs, can appear opaque to beginners. A lack of understanding of the inner working of HMC, in our opinion, has hindered its application to a broader range of statistical problems. In this article, we review the basic concepts of HMC in a language that is more familiar to statisticians, and we describe an HMC implementation in R, one of the most frequently used statistical software environments. We also present hmclearn, an R package for learning HMC. This package contains a general-purpose HMC function for data analysis. We illustrate the use of this package in common statistical models. In doing so, we hope to promote this powerful computational tool for wider use. Example code for common statistical models is presented as supplementary material for online publication.
Three dimensional magnetic field structure of six parsec-scale active galactic nuclei jets
Creators: name: O'Sullivan, Shane P.
name: Gabuzda, Denise C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The parsec-scale Faraday rotation measure (RM) distribution of six "blazars" is investigated using multi-frequency (4.6--43 GHz) polarization observations taken on 2006 July 2 with the VLBA. Analysis of the RM provides the direction of the line-of-sight (LoS) magnetic field component, as well as the intrinsic 2-D polarization distribution on the plane of the sky. Our results show that the magnitude of the core RM increases systematically with frequency, and is well described by a power-law, where |RM_{core}| \propto ν^a. Our measured values of $a$ vary from 0.9 to 3.8, providing information on the assumed power-law fall-off in the electron density with distance from the central engine for each source. RM gradients were detected across the jets of three sources, supporting the presence of helical magnetic fields in a sheath or boundary layer surrounding their jets. We find a bi-modal distribution of the intrinsic jet polarization orientation; either aligned or orthogonal to the jet direction. A helical magnetic field geometry can neatly explain both the bi-model distribution of the jet polarization orientation and the ordered polarization structure detected on these scales. In half the sources, we find that the core RM changes sign with distance from the central engine. We provide an explanation for this by considering a boundary layer of Faraday rotating material threaded by a helical magnetic field, where bends in the relativistic jet or accelerating/decelerating flows give rise to changes in the dominant LoS components of the magnetic field, which in turn gives rise to different signs of the RM. (abridged)
description: 29 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, v2 -> proof corrections: references updated
The spin-orbit angle of the transiting hot jupiter CoRoT-1b
Creators: name: Pont, F.
name: Endl, M.
name: Cochran, W. D.
name: Barnes, S. I.
name: Sneden, C.
name: MacQueen, P. J.
name: Moutou, C.
name: Aigrain, S.
name: Alonso, R.
name: Baglin, A.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Deleuil, M.
name: Fridlund, M.
name: Hebrard, G.
name: Hatzes., A.
name: Mazeh, T.
name: Shporer, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the angle between the planetary orbit and the stellar rotation axis in the transiting planetary system CoRoT-1, with new HIRES/Keck and FORS/VLT high-accuracy photometry. The data indicate a highly tilted system, with a projected spin-orbit angle lambda = 77 +- 11 degrees. Systematic uncertainties in the radial velocity data could cause the actual errors to be larger by an unknown amount, and this result needs to be confirmed with further high-accuracy spectroscopic transit measurements. Spin-orbit alignment has now been measured in a dozen extra-solar planetary systems, and several show strong misalignment. The first three misaligned planets were all much more massive than Jupiter and followed eccentric orbits. CoRoT-1, however, is a jovian-mass close-in planet on a circular orbit. If its strong misalignment is confirmed, it would break this pattern. The high occurence of misaligned systems for several types of planets and orbits favours planet-planet scattering as a mechanism to bring gas giants on very close orbits.
description: to appear in in MNRAS letters [5 pages]
Additional file 4 of Characterisation of tumor microenvironment and prevalence of CD274/PD-L1 genetic alterations difference in colorectal Cancer
Creators: name: Yang, Lin
name: Liu, Shousheng
name: He, Wenzhuo
name: Xiong, Zhenchong
name: Xia, Liangping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 4
Low energy binding of composite dark matter with nuclei as a solution for the puzzles of dark matter searches
Creators: name: Khlopov, Maxim Yu.
name: Mayorov, Andrey G.
name: Soldatov, Evgeniy Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Positive results of dark matter searches in experiments DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA taken together with negative results of other groups can imply nontrivial particle physics solutions for cosmological dark matter. Stable particles with charge -2 bind with primordial helium in O-helium "atoms" (OHe), representing a specific Warmer than Cold nuclear-interacting form of dark matter. Slowed down in the terrestrial matter, OHe is elusive for direct methods of underground Dark matter detection like those used in CDMS experiment, but its low energy binding with nuclei can lead to annual variations of energy release in the interval of energy 2-6 keV in DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA experiments. Schrodinger equation for system of nucleus and OHe is solved for a spherically symmetrical potential, formed by the Yukawa tail of nuclear scalar isoscalar attraction potential, acting on He beyond the nucleus, and dipole Coulomb repulsion between the nucleus and OHe at distances from the nuclear surface, smaller than the size of OHe. The values of coupling strength and mass of meson, mediating scalar isoscalar, are rather uncertain. Within the uncertainties of parameters of nuclear potential we find a range of these parameters, at which the sodium and/or iodine nuclei have a few keV binding energy with OHe. At nuclear parameters, reproducing DAMA results, the energy release predicted for detectors with chemical content other than NaI differ in the most cases from the one in DAMA detector. In particular, it is shown that in the case of CDMS germanium state has binding energy with OHe beyond the range of 2-6 keV and its formation should not lead to ionization in the energy range of DAMA signal. (abridged)
description: Proceedings of XII Bled Workshop "What comes beyond the standard model" Bled, Slovenia, July 14-24, 2009
An empirical analysis of the effectiveness of Canada's unemployment insurance programme as an automatic stabilizer
Creators: name: McLaney, William
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: During recent years unemployment insurance has come to be recognized as an automatic stabilizer in the economy. This implies that unemployment insurance programmes operate so as to automatically dampen both economic expansions and contractions. In Canada, however, little empirical research aimed at determining the magnitude of this dampening effect has been undertaken. In an attempt to fill this void, this study makes an empirical assessment of the effectiveness of Canada's unemployment insurance programme as an automatic stabilizer. To do this the period 1950-1965 was broken down into its component periods of economic expansion and contraction. This period was chosen to reflect modern postwar economic conditions. The component periods consisted of three downswings and four upswings. Three techniques were then employed to determine the countercyclical role of the programme during each of the seven periods. Firstly, the change in national income during each period was compared to the changes in unemployment insurance benefits and contributions during the same periods. From this was obtained a measure of the portion of any change in national income offset by compensatory changes in benefits and/or contributions. Secondly, using the same periods, a simple multiplier model was employed to determine what portion of any potential change in national income was prevented by the unemployment insurance programme. For both of these techniques both historical data and data adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the programme were used. And thirdly, a correlation analysis was employed to determine whether benefits and contributions were directly or inversely associated with the level of economic activity. The results of this study indicate that Canada's unemployment insurance programme has performed creditably as an automatic stabilizer during periods of economic contraction. The benefit component of the scheme has been almost totally responsible for this effectiveness. Moreover, the efficacy of the programme during downswings has doubled in recent years - increasing from a compensatory effect of about 14% of the change in national income during the contraction of 1953-1954 to one of about 27% of the change in national income during the contraction of 196O-I961. The programme has been relatively less effective as an automatic stabilizer during periods of economic expansion. However, during the last two upswings a significant compensatory effect was experienced. The magnitude of this effect lay between 10% and 17% of the change in national income during the expansion of 1958-1960 and between 5% and 8% of the change in national Income during the upswing of 1961-1965.
Charge and spin Drude weight of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model at quarter-filling
Creators: name: Shirakawa, T.
name: Jeckelmann, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the charge and spin Drude weight of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model with on-site repulsion $U$ and nearest-neighbor repulsion $V$ at quarter filling using the density-matrix renormalization group method combined with a variational principle. Our numerical results for the Hubbard model (V=0) agree with exact results obtained from the Bethe ansatz solution. We obtain the contour map for both Drude weights in the $UV$-parameter space for repulsive interactions. We find that the charge Drude weight is discontinuous across the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition between the Luttinger liquid and the charge-density-wave insulator, while the spin Drude weight varies smoothly and remains finite in both phases. Our results can be generally understood using bosonization and renormalization group results. The finite-size scaling of the charge Drude weight is well fitted by a polynomial function of the inverse system size in the metallic region. In the insulating region we find an exponential decay of the finite-size corrections with the system size and a universal relation between the charge gap $Δ_c$ and the correlation length $ξ$ which controls this exponential decay.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Suzaku Observation of the Metallicity in the Interstellar Medium of NGC 4258
Creators: name: Konami, Saori
name: Sato, Kosuke
name: Matsushita, Kyoko
name: Yamada, Shin'ya
name: Isobe, Naoki
name: Senda, Atsushi
name: Hayato, Asami
name: Gandhi, Poshak
name: Tamagawa, Toru
name: Makishima, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Suzaku X-ray satellite observed the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 4258 for a total good exposure time of 100 ks. We present an analysis of the Suzaku XIS data, in which we confirm that the 0.5--2 keV spectra of the interstellar medium (ISM) are well-represented by a two-temperature model. The cool and hot ISM temperatures are 0.23+-0.02 and 0.59 +-0.01 keV, respectively. Suzaku's excellent spectral sensitivity enables us to measure the metal abundances of O, Ne, Mg, Si and Fe of the ISM for the first time. The resultant abundance pattern of O, Mg, Si, and Fe is consistent with that of the new solar abundance table of Lodders (2003), rather than Anders & Grevesse (1989). This suggests that the metal enrichment processes of NGC 4258 and of our Galaxy are similar.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Polarimetry and photometry of the peculiar main-belt object 7968 = 133P/Elst-Pizarro
Creators: name: Bagnulo, S.
name: Tozzi, G. P.
name: Boehnhardt, H.
name: Vincent, J. -B.
name: Muinonen, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 133P/Elst-Pizarro is an object that has been described as either an active asteroid or a cometary object in the main asteroid belt. Here we present a photometric and polarimetric study of this object in an attempt to infer additional information about its origin. With the FORS1 instrument of the ESO VLT, we have performed during the 2007 apparition of 133P/Elst-Pizarro quasi-simultaneous photometry and polarimetry of its nucleus at nine epochs in the phase angle range 0 - 20 deg. For each observing epoch, we also combined all available frames to obtain a deep image of the object, to seek signatures of weak cometary activity. Polarimetric data were analysed by means of a novel physical interference modelling. The object brightness was found to be highly variable over timescales <1h, a result fully consistent with previous studies. Using the albedo-polarization relationships for asteroids and our photometric results, we found for our target an albedo of about 0.06-0.07 and a mean radius of about 1.6 km. Throughout the observing epochs, our deep imaging of the comet detects a tail and an anti-tail. Their temporal variations are consistent with an activity profile starting around mid May 2007 of minimum duration of four months. Our images show marginal evidence of a coma around the nucleus. The overall light scattering behaviour (photometry and polarimetry) resembles most closely that of F-type asteroids.
description: Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
Additional file 3 of Simulation-based training following a theoretical lecture enhances the performance of medical students in the interpretation and short-term retention of 20 cross-sectional transesophageal echocardiographic views: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Creators: name: Zhao, Yang
name: Yuan, Zong-Yi
name: Zhang, Han-Ying
name: Yang, Xue
name: Qian, Duo
name: Lin, Jing-Yan
name: Zhu, Tao
name: Song, Hai-bo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Additional material 3. The Comparison of retention-test 1 between Group V and Group S. Note: Qualitative data presented as the number for the sum of trainees who responded with correct or wrong interpretation of each anatomic structure, analyzed by Chi-squared test or adjusted Chi-squared test. Continuous data presented as median and quartiles for mean total performance, analyzed by a 2-sample Mann-Whitney U test.
Reproducible Paper Example
Creators: name: Vieira, João Pedro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Reproducibility

description: A repository to exemplify a replication package using this template (https://github.com/jpgmv1998/reproducible_paper_template). It is a more complete version of this repository (https://github.com/jpgmv1998/reproducible_paper_example) because it includes all datasets. This project is under construction and will be updated to at least include analysis examples.
Research integrity scenario: Using data not created for research purposes in the context of collaboration with private companies
Creators: name: Wieczorek, Michał
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: research integrity
big data research
reusing data
HARKing
public health research
self-tracking
mHealth

description: This scenario discusses the use of big data in the context of public health research and highlights some research integrity challenges arising as a result of collaborations between researchers and private companies.

 Research ethics issues related to the scenario include: data reuse, replicability of results conflicts of interests, HARKing, informed consent, honesty in communication of results, reliability of data
Magnetooptic enhancement and magnetic properties in Fe antidot films with hexagonal symmetry
Creators: name: Papaioannou, E. Th.
name: Kapaklis, V.
name: Patoka, P.
name: Giersig, M.
name: Fumagalli, P.
name: Garcia-Martin, A.
name: Ferreiro-Vila, E.
name: Ctistis, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetooptic and magnetic properties of hexagonal arrays of holes in optically thin iron films are presented. We analyze their dependence on the hole radius and compare the results to a continuous iron film of same thickness. We observe a large enhancement of the magnetooptic Kerr rotation with respect to that of the continuous film, at frequecies where surface plasmons excitations are expected. Additional simulations are in very good agreement with the experiment and thus confirm the effect of the surface plasmons on the Kerr rotation. The altering of the magnetic properties by the hole array is also visible in the hysteretic behavior of the sample where a dramatic change is observed.
description: 5 figures
Reproducible Paper Example
Creators: name: Vieira, João Pedro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Reproducibility

description: A repository to exemplify a replication package using this template (https://github.com/jpgmv1998/reproducible_paper_template). It is a more complete version of this repository (https://github.com/jpgmv1998/reproducible_paper_example2) because it includes all datasets.
Davies maps for qubits and qutrits
Creators: name: Roga, Wojciech
name: Fannes, Mark
name: Zyczkowski, Karol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of an N -level quantum system weakly coupled to a thermal reservoir. For any fixed temperature of the bath there exists a natural reference state: the equilibrium state of the system. Among all quantum operations on the system one distinguishes Davies maps, they pre- serve the equilibrium state, satisfy the detailed balance condition and belong to a semi-group. A complete characterization of the three dimensional set of qubit Davies maps is given. We analyze these maps and find their mini- mum output entropy. A characterization of Davies maps for qutrits is also provided.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
Retail store image : a conceptual study
Creators: name: Becker, Wilfred
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The concern of this paper is to conceptualize a better understanding of the term "image" as it appears in marketing literature especially in relation to products, brands, corporations and retail stores. The primary emphasis is upon retail store image; how it forms, why it forms, what shape it takes and how it may be changed. The need for clarification of the term "image" is vital if marketers are to evolve strategies which will enhance the sale of their goods. The concept of retail store "image" is developed by introducing the formal theory of attitudes as formulated in social psychology, in an effort to show that attitudes give rise to images and that by understanding the nature of attitudes, retail store management might better understand the forces which determine and change the store image. Two propositions are forwarded which serve to provide the theoretical framework for the discussion. The first proposition states that retail store "image" can best be explained in terms of attitude theory and that images are but simplified attitude summations and provide the consumer with a ready preference map of stores arranged in a hierarchical scale. The second proposition theorizes that specified groups tend to form similar "image" maps of preference in a relatively uniform way and with relatively uniform salience. The determinants of store attitudes and therefore images are analyzed carefully. Firstly, the functional, qualities of store location and parking, store hours, layout and display, price and quality relationships, depth and width of assortment and store services are presented as being fully controllable by the retailer. Psychological attributes such as the character of sales personnel, packaging, advertising tone and style of merchandise are also analyzed as controllable determinants. Finally, the uncontrollable determinants of group influences and status connotations are dealt with as they intervene between the store's actions and the perception of these actions by consumers. The study concludes with an attempt to relate the propositions presented with theories of consumer behaviour as presented by other writers in the field of marketing. The model of buyer behaviour evolved by John Howard appears to reinforce the image model presented in this paper. Irving Crisp, dealing with attitude theory in marketing, also adds weight to the formulation of "image" theory upon the base of attitude formation and change. Finally, the theoretical model of Victor Vroom is presented to emphasize the concepts of instrumentality and expectancy as prime factors influencing attitude and image formation.
Characteristics of Powerful Radio Galaxies
Creators: name: Singh, Chandra B.
name: Williams, Michael
name: Garofalo, David
name: Castillo, Luis Rojas
name: Taylor, Landon
name: Harmon, Eddie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mature radio galaxies such as M87 belong to a specific subclass of active galaxies (AGN) whose evolution in time endows them with five distinguishing characteristics, including (1) low excitation emission, (2) low star formation rates, (3) high bulge stellar-velocity dispersion, (4) bright stellar nuclei, and (5) weak or nonexistent merger signatures. We show how to understand these seemingly disparate characteristics as originating from the time evolution of powerful radio quasars and describe a new model prediction that tilted accretion disks in AGN are expected to occur in bright quasars but not in other subclasses of AGN. The picture we present should be understood as the most compelling evidence for counter-rotation as a key element in feedback from accreting black holes.
description: 11 pages, 6 Figures, Published in the Universe journal
Quiver Topology and RG Dynamics
Creators: name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
name: Czech, Bartlomiej
name: Shapere, Alfred D.
name: Wecht, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Renormalization group flows of quiver gauge theories play a central role in determining the low-energy properties of string vacua. We demonstrate that useful predictions about the RG dynamics of a quiver gauge theory may be extracted from the global structure of its quiver diagram. For quiver theories of a certain type, we develop an efficient and practical method for determining which superpotential deformations generate a flow to an interacting conformal fixed point.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 2 of Ultrahigh-activity immune inducer from Endophytic Fungi induces tobacco resistance to virus by SA pathway and RNA silencing
Creators: name: Peng, Chune
name: Zhang, Ailing
name: Wang, Qingbin
name: Song, Yunzhi
name: Zhang, Min
name: Ding, Xinhua
name: Li, Yang
name: Geng, Quanzheng
name: Zhu, Changxiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S2. The effection of ZNC when give prior to PVX. Wild-type N. benthamiana was inoculated with PVX (GFP + YFP tag) before ZNC (150 ng/mL) treatment for 2 h, the phenotype (A) was obtained under long-wave ultraviolet lamp, and PVX relative expression quantity (B) was calculated using ELISA method at 5 dpi. Error bars show the mean ± SD of three replicates (at least 20 plants per replicate). ** indicates extremely significant differences determined using the Student’s t-test (p < 0.01).
Evidence for Induced Magnetization in Superconductor-Ferromagnet Hetero-structures: a Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy Study
Creators: name: Asulin, Itay
name: Yuli, Ofer
name: Koren, Gad
name: Millo, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed scanning tunneling spectroscopy of c-axis oriented YBCO films on top of which ferromagnetic SRO islands were grown epitaxially in-situ. When measured on the ferromagnetic islands, the density of states exhibits small gap-like features consistent with the expected short range penetration of the order parameter into the ferromagnet. However, anomalous split-gap structures are measured on the superconductor in the vicinity of ferromagnetic islands. This observation may provide evidence for the recently predicted induced magnetization in the superconductor side of a superconductor/ ferromagnet junction. The length scale of the effect inside the superconductor was found to be an order of magnitude larger than the superconducting coherence length. This is inconsistent with the theoretical prediction of a penetration depth of only a few superconducting coherence lengths. We discuss a possible origin for this discrepancy.
TA'LIM SIFATI MENEJMENTINING HUQUQIY-NORMATIV ASOSLARI
Creators: name: Kazaxbaeva, Mexriban
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada ta’lim sifati menejmentining huquqiy-normativ asoslari tahlil qilinadi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasining ta’lim sifatini boshqarish sohasidagi qonunchilik bazasi, xalqaro tajriba va ta’lim menejmenti jarayonlarida huquqiy normalarning ahamiyati o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, huquqiy-normativ hujjatlarning ta’lim sifatiga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqiladi.
Gibbons-Hawking M-branes
Creators: name: Ghezelbash, A. M.
name: Oraji, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new M2 and M5-brane solutions in M-theory based on transverse Gibbons-Hawking spaces. These solutions provide realizations of fully localized type IIA D2/D6 and NS5/D6 brane intersections. One novel feature of these solutions is that the metric functions depend on more than two transverse coordinates (unlike all the other previous known solutions). All the solutions have eight preserved supersymmetries and the world-volume theories of the NS5-branes are new non-local, non-gravitational, six dimensional, T-dual little string theories with eight supersymmetries. We discuss the limits in which the dynamics of the D2 and NS5-branes decouple from the bulk for these solutions.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures, few sentences added, a couple of typos corrected, to appear in JHEP