cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The eff of nicot on brain activity & neurocognition in schiz
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Smoking is a major public health problem that disproportionately affects individuals with Schizophrenia. Approximately 90% of schizophrenics smoke cigarettes compared with rates of less than 25% in the general population in the United States. It is likely that there is a biological reason for this increased incidence of nicotine dependence and smoking in schizophrenia, but the specific mechanisms are unknown. This proposed project will be the first study to directly determine how nicotine effects brain activity in schizophrenics who smoke as compared with how nicotine changes brain activity in healthy (no psychiatric diagnosis) smokers. 20 patients with schizophrenia who smoke will be compared with 20 control smokers. A brain imaging technique called flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) will be used to measure brain activity. The PET scans will produce colored pictures of the brain that will show what areas of the brain are active. Subjects will undergo PET scans twice—once while wearing a nicotine patch that has no nicotine, and once while wearing a patch that has nicotine. We hypothesize that the nicotine will work differently in the brains of schizophrenics. It is predicted that the nicotine will cause activations in brain areas in the schizophrenics that will improve their thinking and reasoning. In contrast, we expect that the brain activity will decrease in the control subjects and that they will not show an improvement in thinking. It is possible that differences in brain activity caused by nicotine might explain why almost all schizophrenics (90%) smoke. The results from this study might lead to new treatments to help schizophrenics stop smoking.
title: Invariance of Gaussian RKHSs Under Koopman Operators of Stochastic Differential Equations With Constant Matrix Coefficients
Creators: name: Philipp, Friedrich M.
name: Schaller, Manuel
name: Worthmann, Karl
name: Peitz, Sebastian
name: Nüske, Feliks
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Invariance of Gaussian RKHSs
subject: Koopman Operators
subject: Stochastic Differential Equations
subject: Constant Matrix Coefficients
classificationCode: 510
subject: Mathematik

description: We consider the Koopman operator semigroup (Kt)t≥0 associated with stochastic differential equations of the form dXt=AXtdt+BdWt with constant matrices A and B and Brownian motion Wt. We prove that the reproducing kernel Hilbert space HC generated by a Gaussian kernel with a positive definite covariance matrix C is invariant under each Koopman operator Kt if the matrices A, B, and C satisfy the following Lyapunov‐like matrix inequality: AC2+C2A⊤≤2BB⊤. In this course, we prove a characterization concerning the inclusion HC1⊂HC2 of Gaussian RKHSs for two positive definite matrices C1 and C2. The question of whether the sufficient Lyapunov‐condition is also necessary is left as an open problem.
Dorisiana Metcalf 1952
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Dorisiana

description: Dorisiana Metcalf, 1952
Dorisia Delétang 1919: 83.
Dorisiana Metcalf 1952: 229 nom. nov. pro Dorisia Delétang, 1919 nec Dorisia Moeschler, 1883.
Type species. Cicada semilata Walker, 1850 (St. Lucia and French Guiana).
Remarks. The genus is spread over much of the New World with examples being reported from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, and Venezuela (Metcalf 1963a; Ruffinelli 1970; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Martinelli & Zucchi 1997; Sueur 2000; Sanborn 2006a; 2007a; 2007b; 2010a; 2011a; 2013; De Santis et al. 2007).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Acetaminophen-mediated cardioprotection via inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore-induced apoptotic pathway
Creators: name: Hadzimichalis, Norell Melissa
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Historically, acetaminophen has been employed as a safe and effective analgesic and antipyretic agent.  However, our laboratory has recently reported that acetaminophen also confers functional cardioprotection following cardiac insult, including ischemia/reperfusion, hypoxia/reoxygenation, and exogenous peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide administration.  In the current study, we examined the mechanism of acetaminophen-mediated cardioprotection following ischemia/reperfusion injury.  Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts were exposed to acute treatment with acetaminophen (0.35 mM) or vehicle (Krebs-Henseleit buffer) beginning at 15 minutes of a 30-minute baseline stabilization period.  Low-flow global myocardial ischemia was subsequently induced for 30 minutes followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion.  Upon completion of reperfusion, hearts were homogenized and separated into cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions.  Mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial cytochrome c release were assessed and found to be significantly and completely reduced following reperfusion in acetaminophen-treated hearts when compared to vehicle.  In a separate group of hearts, ventricular myocytes were isolated and subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorting.  Acetaminophen-treated hearts showed a significant decrease in late stage apoptotic myocytes when compared to vehicle-treated hearts following injury (58 [plus/minus] 1% vs. 81 [plus/minus] 5%, respectively).  These data, together with electron micrograph analysis, suggest that acetaminophen mediates cardioprotection, in part, by inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and subsequent apoptotic pathway.
API 570 574
Creators: name: Hadzihafizovic, Dzevad
Publisher: name: Dzevad Hadzihafizovic's Lab
Year: 2023

description: API 570 BODY OF KNOWLEDGE API AUTHORIZED PRESSURE PIPING INSPECTOR 

Overview of API RP 574 - Inspection Practices for Piping System Components

https://inspectioneering.com/tag/api+rp+574
Preferential corrosion of welds
Creators: name: Hadzihafizovic, Dzevad
Publisher: name: Dzevad Hadzihafizovic's Lab
Year: 2022

description: Preferential corrosion of welds

When a weldment is exposed to an electrolyte (a conductive corrosive medium) one part of the weldment may corrode preferentially over another part, resulting in the weld being preferentially attacked. In real life situations the preferential attack may be in another discrete area such as the heat affected zone or even some distinct part of the heat affected zone which has a particular metallurgical structure. Where preferential attack occurs it can be rapid, difficult to detect by conventional monitoring methods, and potentially dangerous.
Synthesis and characterization of TEP-EDTA-regulated bioactive hydroxyapatite
Creators: name: Haders, Daniel Joseph
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, the stoichiometric equivalent of the ceramic phase of bone, is the preferred material for hard tissue replacement due to its bioactivity. However, bioinert metals are utilized in load-bearing orthopedic applications due to the poor mechanical properties of HA. Consequently, attention has been given to HA coatings for metallic orthopedic implants to take advantage of the bioactivity of HA and the mechanical properties of metals. Commercially, the plasma spray process (PS-HA) is the method most often used to deposit HA films on metallic implants. Since its introduction in the 1980's, however, concerns have been raised about the consequences of PS-HA's low crystallinity, lack of phase purity, lack of film-substrate chemical adhesion, passivation properties, and difficulty in coating complex geometries. Thus, there is a need to develop inexpensive reproducible next-generation HA film deposition techniques, which deposit high crystallinity, phase pure, adhesive, passivating, conformal HA films on clinical metallic substrates. The aim of this dissertation was to intelligently synthesize and characterize the material and biological properties of HA films on metallic substrates synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization, using thermodynamic phase diagrams as the starting point. In three overlapping interdisciplinary studies the potential of using ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid/triethyl phosphate (EDTA/TEP) doubly regulated hydrothermal crystallization to deposit HA films, the TEP-regulated, time-and-temperature-dependent process by which films were deposited, and the bioactivity of crystallographically engineered films were investigated. Films were crystallized in a 0.232 molal Ca(NO3)2-0.232 molal EDTA-0.187 molal TEP-1.852 molal KOH-H2O chemical system at 200° C. Thermodynamic phase diagrams demonstrated that the chosen conditions were expected to produce Ca-P phase pure HA, which was experimentally confirmed. EDTA regulation of Ca2+ concentration enabled the HA crystallization process to be growth dominated, producing films composed of high crystallinity, hexagonal grains on multiple metallic substrates. TEP regulation of HA crystallization enabled the deposition of an adhesive CaTiO3 intermediate layer, and then HA in a continuous, phase sequenced process on Ti6Al4V substrates, the first such process reported in the hydrothermal HA literature. The HA film was found to be deposited by a passivating competitive growth mechanism that enabled the [0001] crystallographic orientation of hexagonal single crystals to be engineered with synthesis time. Bioactivity analysis demonstrated that films were bioactive and bone bonding. Together, these results suggest that these HA films are candidates for use on metallic orthopedic implants, namely Ti6Al4V.
Mistakes in welds With Radiograph Interpretation
Creators: name: Hadzihafizovic, Dzevad
Publisher: name: Dzevad Hadzihafizovic's Lab
Year: 2022

description: Mistakes in welds With Radiograph Interpretation

Welding is an important part of the metal fabrication process. However, there are many different issues that can arise from welding. Without proper technique, there are many different problems that can occur. Here are some of the most common problems that occur with welding and how to fix them. Discontinuities are interruptions in the typical structure of a material. These interruptions may occur in the base metal, weld material or "heat affected" zones. Discontinuities, which do not meet the requirements of the codes or specifications used to invoke and control an inspection, are referred to as defects.
title: Understanding Foresight‐Policy Interactions: The Role of Institutionalization
Creators: name: Priebe, Max
name: Veit, Sylvia
name: Warnke, Philine
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: evidence‐based policy‐making
subject: foresight
subject: foresight‐policy interactions
subject: institutionalization
subject: ministerial bureaucracy
subject: negative coordination
classificationCode: 351
subject: Öffentliche Verwaltung

description: Public administration in governments strives to develop forward‐looking capacities. Foresight has come to the fore as a set of practices that is mobilized to counter political myopia. Despite this increasing interest in governmental foresight, research suggests that diverging institutional practices, organizational structures, and epistemic cultures between foresight practices and policy‐making result in loose coupling. This article aims to contribute to understanding these complicated foresight‐policy interactions. To this end, we draw on findings from public administration scholarship. The concept of institutionalization is employed to analyze how foresight aligns with working practices and routines in government. Based on an in‐depth case study on the institutionalization of foresight practices within the German Federal Government, we demonstrate that scrutinizing the multiple dimensions of institutionalization helps not only to understand where and why loose ends occur but also provides new insights into some of the causes of the lacking impact. The article does not aim to provide an easy fix. Instead, we want to sensitize foresight practitioners, reduce both disappointment and overstating regarding the role of foresight in policy‐making, and provide a nuanced understanding of foresight practices in government.
Standard pipe support
Creators: name: Hadzinafizovic, Dzevad
Publisher: name: Dzevad Hadzihafizovic's Lab
Year: 2025
Subjects: pipe
pipelines
oil&gas

description: Piping Supports: Types, Codes, Design, Selection, Working, Installation With the Installation of the Piping system, the Installation of piping Support plays a crucial role in the stability, positioning, and movement control of pipes on their location. Different types of piping supports have different roles for the stability of the Piping system. A properly designed and well-maintained pipe support span carries all load of the piping network and increases the life span of construction. Each piping support detail has its own importance to restrain pipe movements. While Shoe or saddle-support helps a piping system to rest on its location, Guide and Limit stopper restrain piping movement from its location. In this article “Piping Support” we will give you a wide approach towards understanding the following: General classification and types of Supports Piping supports Standard and Codes Purpose of Different Types of Supports in Piping System and their installation guidance. Piping support arrangement in Pipe rack and Equipment Support Type selection and Piping Support Spacing Determination
Peripheral mechanisms of oral cancer pain in a mouse model
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: In the United States approximately 30,000 new cases of oral cancer are diagnosed each year. All forms of tobacco smoking, including cigarette, pipe and cigar use, are strongly linked to oral cancer. Tobacco increases the risk of oral cancer in a dose-dependent manner. Patients with oral cancer experience severe debilitating pain from the early stages until death. Patients experience significant functional problems related to oral cancer pain including difficulty swallowing, talking and eating. Disruption of oral function leads to a depressed mood and a very poor quality of life. We currently do not understand the underlying biology of oral cancer pain, why it is so severe, and why medications are not able to alleviate these symptoms. Presently, narcotics are the only analgesics available for oral cancer pain. While narcotics, such as morphine, offer some relief, tolerance rapidly develops. Given that oral cancer is often incurable, it is important for research to be focused on the causes of oral cancer pain.

 Our research will be one of the first to investigate the underlying mechanisms contributing to oral cancer pain. We plan to use a mouse model to evaluate the impact of pain on oral functioning (drinking and eating). To pursue this aim we will be using innovative behavioral assays to evaluate pain behavior resulting from oral cancer. In addition, we will evaluate the specific biological characteristics of the tumor that contribute to pain and difficulty with oral functioning. A new technique, called TagMan PCR, will be employed to analyze the role of chemical mediators, such as cytokines, in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, we will combine biochemical /genetic analysis with behavioral factors that associated with pain during the progression of the disease.

 We anticipate identifying the peripheral factors that make oral cancer pain so severe and debilitating. This will offer insights into possible means of managing these symptoms of oral cancer. The new animal model generated in this study could be used to develop and evaluate analgesic therapies. Ultimately, this will lead to improved overall quality of life for patients with oral cancer.
Dimension reduction for path signatures
Creators: name: Bayer, Christian
name: Redmann, Martin
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Signature models
subject: applications of rough analysis
subject: stochastic differential equations
subject: model order reduction
subject: Petrov-Galerkin projections
subject: financial models
subject: 60H10
subject: 60L10
subject: 60L90

description: This paper focuses on the mathematical framework for reducing the complexity of models using path signatures. The structure of these signatures, which can be interpreted as collections of iterated integrals along paths, is discussed and their applications in areas such as stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and financial modeling are pointed out. In particular, exploiting the rough paths view, solutions of SDEs continuously depend on the lift of the driver. Such continuous mappings can be approximated using (truncated) signatures, which are solutions of high-dimensional linear systems. In order to lower the complexity of these models, this paper presents methods for reducing the order of high-dimensional truncated signature models while retaining essential characteristics. The derivation of reduced models and the universal approxi- mation property of (truncated) signatures are treated in detail. Numerical examples, including applications to the (rough) Bergomi model in financial markets, illustrate the proposed reduction techniques and highlight their effectiveness.
Influences that promote ethnic disparities in smoking
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The California Tobacco Control Program (CTCP), introduced in 1989, was the first major statewide tobacco control program in the United States. It has been shown to be effective in reducing tobacco use and tobacco-related diseases for the overall population. The Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) between the tobacco companies and State Attorneys General led to major changes in the price of cigarettes and in tobacco advertising and promotions. Since the MSA, many studies have shown significant changes in smoking behavior in the general population.

 This New Investigator proposal will try to estimate how the CTCP and the MSA affected smoking, especially starting and quitting, among ethnic minority groups. The research proposed in this application addresses several important priorities identified by the Tobacco Related Diseases Research Program. We will examine the impact of smoking restrictions and tobacco industry marketing on smoking across ethnicities. We will also examine which ethnic groups are more vulnerable to tobacco industry marketing and how the MSA advertising restrictions affected ethnic minority smoking. Finally, this proposal will examine the extent of secondhand smoke exposure across ethnicities. In examining the effects of the CTCP and MSA across ethnic groups, we will also take into account gender differences.

 Results of this research would greatly benefit public health in California, particularly among ethnic minorities. This research will identify whether the “smoking window” is different for various ethnicities, thus affecting the design of smoking prevention programs aimed at specific ethnic groups. This research will also impact public health by identifying how the CTCP, MSA and tobacco industry affected smoking, especially starting and quitting, among relatively understudied ethnic minority groups in California. Evaluating the impact of tobacco control interventions and policies among specific ethnic populations would lead to improved smoking policies regarding the workplace, advertising, pricing and prevention in order to minimize ethnic disparities in smoking.
title: From Orogeny to Rifting: The Role of Inherited Structures During the Formation of the South China Sea
Creators: name: Li, Kai
name: Brune, Sascha
name: Erdős, Zoltán
name: Neuharth, Derek
name: Mohn, Geoffroy
name: Glerum, Anne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Inherited structures
subject: Rifting
subject: Wilson cycle
subject: Numerical modeling
subject: South China Sea
classificationCode: 550
subject: Geowissenschaften

description: Many of the world's rifts and rifted margins have developed within former orogens. The South China Sea (SCS) formed during Cenozoic rifting by utilizing pre‐existing orogenic structures, like thrust faults, thickened crust, and corresponding thermal weaknesses. The mechanisms explaining how inherited structures influence the spatiotemporal evolution of a rift remain a topic of on‐going research. Here, we explore the impact of orogenic inheritance on rift evolution through a numerical forward model that reproduces geodynamic and landscape evolution processes. By imposing time‐dependent phases of shortening and extension, we model rifted margin formation that is consistent with the available geological and geophysical observations of the SCS. Our numerical models allow us to identify thrust faults that are reactivated as normal faults during extensional phases. Not all pre‐existing thrust faults, however, undergo full reactivation, as their behavior is influenced by variations in lithospheric strength and the pre‐existing structural discontinuities. We further show that inherited orogenic structures compete with each other during extensional reactivation and ultimately govern the location of continental breakup. Our results provide valuable insights into the broader implications of inherited orogenic structures and how they affect subsequent rift system evolution.
Dorisiana drewseni
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Dorisiana
Dorisiana drewseni

description: Dorisiana drewseni (Stål, 1854)
C[icada] drewseni Stål 1854: 242 (type material examined).
Fidicina gastracanthophora Berg 1879: 138.
Type locality. Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Remarks. The species has been collected in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Metcalf 1963a; Ruffinelli 1970; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Martinelli & Zucchi 1997; De Santis et al. 2007; Sanborn 2011a). It has been reported from Buenos Aires (Berg 1879; Torres 1945b) and Santa Fe (Bolcatto et al. 2006; De Santis et al. 2006; 2007) Provinces in Argentina. We collected specimens in Corrientes Province. The species is associated with the Chaco, Espinal, and Pampas floristic provinces (Sanborn et al. 2011a).
New provincial records. Corrientes, Dto. Monte Caseros, 1 km So. of Mota Piedritas, 4-I-1988, Heath- Sanborn-Noriega Coll. (one male, MSHC, one male, AFSC).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Emergency measures: crisis and response in the Roman Republic (from the Gallic Sack to the tumultus of 43BC)
Creators: name: Golden, Gregory Kung
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Crisis, as a modern phenomenon, is universal. However, there has never been a study of crisis as a phenomenon in the Roman world. The following study fills this gap for the period of the Republic. Chapter 1 begins with a general introduction, covering methodology, a survey of previous works that could be thought to treat crisis (but do not in any adequate manner), and an overview of the ancient sources available. In Chapter 2, employing crisis theory and crisis definitions formulated by modern social scientists, a more precise definition of crisis than commonly used by classical scholars is provided. In Chapter 3, the examination turns to the subject of crisis as it was expressed and recorded in the ancient literature. Having explored the Roman word(s) for crisis, Chapters 4-7 will provide a detailed analysis of the Roman response to crises, examining the types of response employed from an institutional perspective. Chapter 8 will provide a chronological account of the evolution of crisis response.  Finally, the Conclusion surveys what is learned from the study of crisis in the Roman Republic. It can be clearly demonstrated that the Romans did not have a fully articulated concept of crisis, and that their response was often ad hoc and unsystematic. In the early Republic, crises were handed off to an executive official (the dictator) to be managed. As the Senate grew in stature, it began to take a leading role in crisis management. The Senate's later inability to formulate adequate responses to internal political crises would ultimately result in the downfall of the Roman Republic, since internal impasses could not be solved by any other means than a resort to force. In this situation, the executive (represented by the magistrates) re-emerged as being central to crisis resolution, a fact the Senate itself recognized with the creation of the so-called senatus consultum ultimum, to the point where a single executive official (the princeps) was made necessary by the cataclysmic crises at the end of the "free" Republic, which the government, as constituted, was incapable of resolving.
Dorisiana semilata
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Dorisiana
Dorisiana semilata

description: Dorisiana semilata (Walker, 1850)
Cicada semilata Walker 1850: 122 (type material examined).
Cicada passer Walker 1850: 124.
Cicada brizo Walker 1850: 125.
Cicada melisa Walker 1850: 127.
Cicada melina Walker 1850: 128.
Cicada panyases Walker 1850: 133.
Cicada pidytes Walker 1850: 134.
Cicada physcoa Walker 1850: 135.
Cicada braure Walker 1850: 136.
Cicada solennis Walker 1850: 143.
Type locality. St. Lucia (Antilles), Cayenne (French Guiana).
Remarks. The species was reported previously from a wide geographic range. Records for the species have been published for Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela (Walker 1850; Metcalf 1963a; Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2010a; 2011b). We collected specimens in Chaco Province. The species was collected in the Paranense and Chaco floristic provinces (Sanborn et al. 2011a).
New provincial records. Chaco, Dto. Cmte. Fernandez, 3 km E. of Pres. Roque Saenz Peña, 8-I-1988, Al Sanborn Coll. (1 male, MSHC); Chaco, Dto. Cmte. Fernandez, 3 km E. of Pres. Roque Saenz Peña, 8-I-1988, F. Noriega coll. (1 male, MSHC).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Top performing posts in 2023
Creators: name: Hadzihafizovic, Dzevad
Publisher: name: Dzevad Hadzihafizovic's Lab
Year: 2024

description: Top performing posts in 2023

DOI:  10.13140/RG.2.2.15250.22720

Content performance 2023 - Impressions 6,801,695 impact 3,125.2%.

DOI:  10.13140/RG.2.2.28932.09607
Spacetime symmetries and the CPT theorem
Creators: name: Greaves, Hilary
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: This dissertation explores several issues related to the CPT theorem.Chapter 2 explores the meaning of spacetime symmetries in general and time reversal in particular. It is proposed that a third conception of time reversal, 'geometric time reversal', is more appropriate for certain theoretical purposes than the existing 'active' and 'passive' conceptions. It is argued that, in the case of classical electromagnetism, a particular nonstandard time reversal operation is at least as defensible as the standard view. This unorthodox time reversal operation is of interest because it is the classical counterpart of a view according to which the so-called 'CPT theorem' of quantum field theory is better called 'PT theorem'; on this view, a puzzle about how an operation as apparently non-spatio-temporal as charge conjugation can be linked to spacetime symmetries in as intimate a way as a CPT theorem would seem to suggest dissolves.In chapter 3, we turn to the question of whether the CPT theorem is an essentially quantum-theoretic result. We state and prove a classical analogue of the CPT theorem for systems of tensor fields. This classical analogue, however, appears not to extend to systems of spinor fields. The intriguing answer to our question thus appears to be that the CPT theorem for spinors is essentially quantum-theoretic, but that the CPT theorem for tensor fields applies equally to the classical and quantum cases.Chapter4 explores a puzzle that arises when one puts the CPT theorem alongside a standard way of understanding spacetime symmetries, according to which (latter) spacetime symmetries are to be understood in terms of background spacetime structure. The puzzle is that a 'PT theorem' amounts to a statement that the theory may not make essential use of a preferred direction of time, and this seems odd. We propose a solution to that puzzle for the case of tensor field theories.
The role of hCDC4 regulation of cyclin E in lung cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: In cancer development (tumorigenesis) the molecular mechanisms that regulate cell division become altered, such that “brakes” on these events are bypassed and division can proceed in the face of genetic mutations that would otherwise stimulate normal cells to stop. Recently, a cell cycle regulatory protein, called cyclin E, has emerged as a “key player” in tumor progression. Thus, there is much interest in any additional factors that might influence the stability or expression of cyclin E. This study will investigate the cell division role of a newly identified gene, called hCDC4, which encodes a protein that functions in proteolysis (i.e., protein degradation). It has become established that numerous proteolytic processes involved in regulating cell division are defective in lung tumors. It is likely that hCDC4 regulates the proteolysis of cyclin E. In normal cells, cyclin E protein is unstable and its levels decline rapidly once DNA synthesis begins. The drop in cyclin E protein levels is mediated by hCDC4, which binds to cyclin E and "tags" it for proteolysis. In many lung tumors, however, cyclin E protein levels are elevated and present at inappropriate times during cell division, which is associated with poor prognosis. This "deregulated" expression of cyclin E has been shown experimentally to cause tumors in mice and induce chromosome abnormalities in cultured cells.

 This research focuses on whether alteration of hCDC4 is responsible for the aberrant regulation of cyclin E protein observed in lung tumors. Our preliminary evidence that will be explored in more detail include: (1) in most lung tumors, deregulated cyclin E protein cannot be explained by differences in gene expression; (2) the hCDC4 gene is located on a region of the genome that is deleted in nearly half of all lung tumors; and (3) preliminary analysis has detected a hCDC4 gene mutation in a lung tumor cell line. These studies will also attempt to define the molecular mechanism by which deregulated cyclin E contributes to the generation of chromosome abnormalities and possibly other forms of genetic damage in cancer.

 Our aim is to better understand the proteolytic regulation of cyclin E and how alteration of this process contributes to lung tumorigenesis. This knowledge could ultimately aid in the formulation of rational management strategies for the disease.
Elassoneura Torres 1964
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Elassoneura

description: Elassoneura Torres, 1964
Type species. Elassoneura carychrous Torres, 1964 (Argentina).
Remarks. The genus is currently recorded only from Argentina (Duffels & van der Laan 1985; Sanborn 2013).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Brain-specific microRNAs induce neurogenesis through indirect regulation of Mef2C activity
Creators: name: Goff, Loyal Andrew
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: MicroRNAs represent a group of functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) with a role in both translational repression and/or RNAi-mediated degradation of specific target mRNAs. Reports indicate that microRNA regulation plays an important role in numerous cellular processes. We have identified microRNAs regulated during induction of neurogenesis in an in vitro model, and have correlated the expression of these specific microRNAs to regulated mRNAs with the goal of describing potential functional interactions between the two sets of molecules. We demonstrate the active role these regulated microRNAs play in inducing a neuronal phenotype in uncommitted neural precursor cells. As a result of this analysis, as well as additional studies of regulated mRNA transcripts during neurogenesis, we have identified a regulated transcription factor, Mef2C, which is chromosomally adjacent to one of the regulated microRNAs. The unexpected appearance of this transcription factor and its relatively unexplored role in neural differentiation suggest that Mef2C may play a role in this cellular process. This single genomic locus containing an induced microRNA involved in neuronal fate determination, as well as Mef2C, is transcriptionally regulated during neuronal cell specification. In addition, HDAC4, a known repressor of Mef2C activity is validated as a target for miR-9 mediated post-transcriptional repression. Described here is a putative network of interactions that arise from transcriptional activation of this locus, with the end result contributing to the induction of a neuronal phenotype.
Targeting Hypoxia-inducible Factor to Treat Lung Cancer
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: A major strategy in developing new cancer chemotherapeutics is to identify and target biological processes that differ between normal and malignant cells. Hypoxia, a reduction in the normal level of oxygen in tissue, occurs during lung cancer progression. Tumors become hypoxic because their new blood vessels are abnormal and this results in the tumor cells having an inadequate blood supply. In response, the cancer cells undergo genetic and adaptive changes that allow them to survive and proliferate in a hypoxic environment. These processes contribute to malignancy and aggressive tumor behavior. From the clinical perspective, hypoxia is associated with a resistance to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, because the cancer cells have adapted to environmental conditions that favor survival over programmed cell death (apoptosis).Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (Hif-1) is a key protein factor activated by hypoxia and is involved in regulating the levels of many protein factors in cancer cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes new blood vessel growth in tumors, is one of the important genes induced by Hif-1. Other genes regulated by Hif-1 activation are expressed at higher levels in cancer cells than in their normal tissue counterparts, and have roles in lung cancer progression. Hif-1 activity is also correlated with poor response of patients to treatment.Hif-1 consists of a and b subunits. Dimerization of a and b subunits is essential for the ability of Hif-1 to regulate expression of many protein factors contributing to the progression of lung cancer. In this project we will study the association of the two Hif-1 subunits, and screen “libraries” of small chemical compounds to identify molecules that have the ability to interfere with the dimerization between Hif-1 a and b subunits. Alternatively, we will employ peptides derived from the partner proteins of Hif-1 a/b to block the association between the two subunits of Hif-1. In this effort we are guided by existing information on the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor, which is a binding partner for Hif-1b and inhibitory PAS domain protein, which is a binding partner for Hif-1a. Thus, there exists good background information on the Hif-1 subunits and their partner proteins to suggest that a comprehensive screening effort will yield good candidate inhibitors of Hif-1 for evaluation. In the first phase of this study, we will be evaluating the ability of the identified inhibitors to abrogate Hif-1 subunit dimerization, DNA binding and transcriptional activity. The biological effect of Hif-1 inhibitors to block hypoxia signaling including the effect on growth and invasiveness of lung cancer cells will also be tested. Our proposed studies have the potential to identify novel agents to prevent and treat tobacco-associated lung cancer.
Elassoneura carychrous Torres 1964
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Elassoneura
Elassoneura carychrous

description: Elassoneura carychrous Torres, 1964
Elassoneura carychrous Torres 1964a: 136 (type material examined).
Type locality. Campo del Cielo, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.
Remarks. The species currently is known only from Argentina and Paraguay (Torres 1964a) with specimens collected in Santiago del Estero and Corrientes Provinces within Argentina.
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
Homeless mothers: coping and adaptation
Creators: name: Gladstone, Amy
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: As affordable housing resources diminish in cities throughout the country, poor families increasingly join the ranks of the homeless. This study considers the question of whether there is an association between coping ability and adaptation and the conditions of homelessness for homeless mothers.The research design involves in-person interviews with 80 homeless mothers residing at a shelter for homeless families in New York City. All were on public assistance at the time of the study, had at least one child, and had been at the shelter for no more than 4 months.The study considers two types of coping, problem-focused, which involves active efforts to address the stressor, and emotion-focused, which involves directing attention away from the stressor through defensive mechanisms such as avoidance. This study asked whether the type of coping, problem-focused or emotion-focused, is associated with the number of times that homeless families relocated, the total amount of time that they were homeless and the number of concurrent stressful life events they faced in the 3 years prior to the study. It also considered whether these three independent variables, number of relocations, duration of homelessness, and number of life events, were associated with adaptation to implicit and explicit shelter expectations. Results indicate that homeless mothers who relocate four or more times utilize defensive emotion-focused coping strategies more than mothers who relocate three times or less. Additionally, homeless mothers who have experienced 20 or more stressful life events utilize more emotion-focused coping strategies than mothers who experience fewer than 20 stressful life events.  Policy makers and clinicians should incorporate the results of this study as well as others documenting the detrimental effects of frequent relocations and numerous stressful life events on the coping capacity of homeless mothers in designing social policy and clinical services for this population.
Tympanoterpes Stal 1861
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
name: Heath, Maxine S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Tympanoterpes

description: Tympanoterpes Stål, 1861
Type species. Cicada serricosta Germar, 1834 (Brazil).
Remarks. The genus is distributed over much of southern South America. Records of specimens collected in Argentina, Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela, and Uruguay have been published (Metcalf 1963a; De Santis et al. 2007; Sanborn 2007a; 2013).
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F. & Heath, Maxine S., 2014, The cicadas of Argentina with new records, a new genus and fifteen new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), pp. 1-94 in Zootaxa 3883 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3883.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4951252
New methods and strategies towards total synthesis of (9S)-dihydroerythronolide A
Creators: name: Ghosh, Partha
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: Disclosed are studies directed towards the total synthesis of (9S)-dihydroerythronolide A. Towards this goal an advanced intermediate, 14 member bis[allene] macrolactone was synthesized. A general method of cuprate-mediated carbon nucleophile delivery to spirodiepoxides was developed. An unprecedented macrolactonization to form bis[allene] macrolactone and macrocyclic stereocontroled epoxidation of this system was achieved. In a separate study, the highly stereocontroled formation of spirodiepoxides and excellent regiocontroled spirodiepoxide opening was developed. This method relies upon the presence of a silyl substituent on the allene. This finding was applied to the total synthesis of epicitreodiol.
Evaluating the effect of land-use and land-cover change on climate in the Greater Phoenix, AZ, region
Creators: name: Georgescu, Matei
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: The effect of land-use/land-cover change (LULCC) on the summer climate of one of the nation's most rapidly expanding metropolitan complexes, the Greater Phoenix, AZ, region, is investigated.  The initial part of this study evaluates the first-order effect of LULCC over Greater Phoenix using high-resolution (2-km grid spacing) Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) simulations of three "wet" and three "dry" summer seasons.  Experiments were carried out with two different landscape reconstructions for the region: a circa-1992 representation based on satellite observations and a hypothetical "pre-settlement" scenario where the anthropogenic landscape of irrigated agriculture and urban pixels was replaced with current semi-natural vegetation.  The main findings are:--The presence of extensive irrigated agriculture adjacent to the urban area dampens the regional-mean warming due to urbanization.  --The imposed LULCC produces a systematic increase in precipitation to the north and east of the city during dry summers.  Guided by these findings, the impact of the actual landscape evolution, using LULC reconstructions based on circa-1973, circa-1992, and circa-2001 satellite data, on the Greater Phoenix regional climate was examined, and the relevant atmospheric dynamical processes investigated.  The main findings are:--From 1973 to 2001, areal coverage of irrigated agriculture declined and that of urban areas increased, resulting in significantly greater simulated regional-mean temperatures for the 2001 than for the 1973 LULC.--As with the 1992 to pre-settlement comparison, precipitation is enhanced for the 2001 compared to the 1973 landscape during dry summers. In addition, rainfall enhancement relative to the 1973 LULC is increased for 2001 relative to the 1992 LULC.--Heterogeneity in the surface fluxes produces preferentially located mesoscale circulations on most days that are stronger for the 2001 compared to the 1973 LULC, due to the increased planetary boundary layer (PBL) heating via enhanced turbulent heat flux.--The effect of these stronger circulations is to warm and dry the lower part of the PBL and moisten the upper part of the PBL for 2001 relative to 1973.--The precise physical pathway(s) whereby precipitation enhancement occurs with evolving landscape reveals a complicated interplay among scales that warrants future research.