cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Methyl mercaptan gas: mechanisms of toxicity and demonstration of the effectiveness of cobinamide as an antidote in mice and rabbits
Creators: name: Philipopoulos, George P.
name: Tat, John
name: Chan, Adriano
name: Jiang, Jingjing
name: Mukai, David
name: Burney, Tanya
name: Doosty, Melody
name: Mahon, Sari
name: Patel, Hemal H.
name: White, Carl W.
name: Brenner, Matthew
name: Lee, Jangwoen
name: Boss, Gerry R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) is a colorless, toxic gas with potential for occupational exposure and used as a weapon of mass destruction. Inhalation at high concentrations can result in dyspnea, hypoventilation, seizures, and death. No specific methyl mercaptan antidote exists, highlighting a critical need for such an agent. Here, we investigated the mechanism of CH3SH toxicity, and rescue from CH3SH poisoning by the vitamin B12 analog cobinamide, in mammalian cells. We also developed lethal CH3SH inhalation models in mice and rabbits, and tested the efficacy of intramuscular injection of cobinamide as a CH3SH antidote. We found that cobinamide binds to CH3SH (Kd = 84 µM), and improved growth of cells exposed to CH3SH. CH3SH reduced cellular oxygen consumption and intracellular ATP content and activated the stress protein c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); cobinamide reversed these changes. A single intramuscular injection of cobinamide (20 mg/kg) rescued 6 of 6 mice exposed to a lethal dose of CH3SH gas, while all six saline-treated mice died (p = 0.0013). In rabbits exposed to CH3SH gas, 11 of 12 animals (92%) treated with two intramuscular injections of cobinamide (50 mg/kg each) survived, while only 2 of 12 animals (17%) treated with saline survived (p = 0.001). We conclude that cobinamide could potentially serve as a CH3SH antidote.
Two-species fermion mixtures with population imbalance
Creators: name: Iskin, M.
name: de Melo, C. A. R. Sa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the phase diagram of uniform superfluidity for two-species fermion mixtures from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) limit as a function of the scattering parameter and population imbalance. We find at zero temperature that the phase diagram of population imbalance versus scattering parameter is asymmetric for unequal masses, having a larger stability region for uniform superfluidity when the lighter fermions are in excess. In addition, we find topological quantum phase transitions associated with the disappearance or appearance of momentum space regions of zero quasiparticle energies. Lastly, near the critical temperature, we derive the Ginzburg-Landau equation, and show that it describes a dilute mixture of composite bosons and unpaired fermions in the BEC limit.
description: 4 pages with 3 figures, accepted version to PRL
A view of flavour physics in 2021
Creators: name: Barbieri, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a view of current flavour physics and motivated by the hierarchy problem and by the pattern of quark masses and mixings, I describe a picture of flavour physics that should give rise in a not too distant future to observable deviations from the SM in Higgs compositeness and/or in B-decays with violations of Lepton Flavour Universality, as hinted by current data, or perhaps even in supersymmetry, depending on the specific realisation.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, to appear in The special volume of Acta Physica Polonica B to commemorate Martinus Veltman
Benign Hereditary Chorea: An Update
Creators: name: Peall, Kathryn J.
name: Kurian, Manju A
Publisher: name: Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements
Year: 2015

description: Benign hereditary chorea (BHC) is a childhood-onset, hyperkinetic movement disorder normally with little progression of motor symptoms into adult life. The disorder is caused by mutations to the NKX2.1 (TITF1) gene and also forms part of the “brain–lung–thyroid syndrome”, in which additional developmental abnormalities of lung and thyroid tissue are observed. In this review, we summarize the main clinical findings in “classical” BHC syndrome and discuss more recently reported atypical features, including non-choreiform movement phenotypes. We highlight additional non-motor characteristics such as cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms, while discussing the evidence for BHC as a developmental disorder involving impaired neural migration and other multisystem developmental abnormalities. Finally, we will discuss the efficacy of available therapies in both affected pediatric and adult cohorts. Delineation of the BHC disease spectrum will no doubt expand our understanding of this disorder, facilitating better targeting of genetic testing and establish a framework for future clinical trials.
description: Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements, Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements
Fabric sculpture and the Manitoba art curriculum
Creators: name: Strain, Megan A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of this studio based thesis is to discover what potential fabrics could offer as a sculptural medium and to examine whether fabric sculpture could be incorporated into the Manitoba Secondary School Art Curriculum. As an Art teacher, I am aware of the demands that the current art curriculum dictates, and the problems and concerns that art teachers face in trying to adhere to its standards. By reviewing the historical development of Manitoba art curricula and highlighting the major developments that have occurred, one can put the current guide into perspective. Contemplating the role that fabrics have played as historical and cultural artifacts gives us a better sense of how fabrics have been developed to meet the specific requirements that we as human beings have demanded of them. The sculptures that were produced for this study attempt to address the principal objectives of the current art curriculum and explore ideas and topics that reflect personal interests. I have endeavoured to create sculptures that not only stand as pieces of art, but which will also serve as examples to show art teachers how different fabrics and techniques can be used in senior high art classrooms. To support my thesis that fabric sculpture should be included in our art programmes, I have provided short reviews on sculptors who have worked with fabrics. Wherever possible I have tried to indicate how my students have reacted to this work, and where information concerning these artists may be obtained. I have included a sample unit that already exists in the current curriculum and discuss how fabric sculpture could be introduced though this unit. The recommendations that conclude this report suggest ways to encourage the teaching of sculpture and the introduction of fabric sculpture into the Manitoba Secondary School Art Curriculum.
Isolation and X-ray structure analysis of citreohybridonol from marine-derived Penicillium atrovenetum
Creators: name: Özkaya, Ferhat Can
name: Ebrahim, Weaam
name: Klopotowski, Maximilian
name: Liu, Zhen
name: Janiak, Christoph
name: Proksch, Peter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The anti-neuroinflammatory meroterpenoid citreohybridonol was isolated for the first time from a sponge-derived fungus Penicillium atrovenetum. In this study, in addition to isolation and structure featuring, its unambiguous absolute configuration was determined exclusively by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The C-17-keto tautomer was clearly observed in X-ray analysis. The substance crystallises in the monoclinic space group P21 with a = 10.7496(5) Å, b = 14.3286(7) Å, c = 17.4909(8) Å, β = 103.235(2)°, V = 2622.5(2) Å3, Z = 2, Dcalcd = 1.280 g/cm3. The chirality of the asymmetric carbon atoms was as follows: C3 (S), C5 (R), C6 (S), C8 (S), C9 (R), C10 (R), C13 (R), C14 (R).
Line formation regions of the UV spectrum of CI Cygni
Creators: name: Mikolajewska, J.
name: Friedjung, M.
name: Quiroga, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have examined radial velocities and fluxes of ultraviolet emission lines at different epochs, deduced from archival IUE and GRHS/HST spectra. The line fluxes give electron densities and were in addition used to calculate emission measures, suggesting line formation in regions rather smaller than the binary separation. Examination of the radial velocities led to us to find a systematic redshift of the high ionization resonance lines with respect to the intercombination, and HeII lines. Possible explanations of the redshift and the high resolution GHRS CIV profile are discussed. We favour that involving resonance line absorption by a circum-binary region most probably in an asymmetric wind interaction shell or in a wind from the accretion disk.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, A&A accepted
A city of cities: Measuring how 15-minutes urban accessibility shapes human mobility in Barcelona
Creators: name: Graells-Garrido, Eduardo
name: Serra-Burriel, Feliu
name: Rowe, Francisco
name: Cucchietti, Fernando M.
name: Reyes, Patricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As cities expand, human mobility has become a central focus of urban planning and policy making to make cities more inclusive and sustainable. Initiatives such as the "15-minutes city" have been put in place to shift the attention from monocentric city configurations to polycentric structures, increasing the availability and diversity of local urban amenities. Ultimately they expect to increase local walkability and increase mobility within residential areas. While we know how urban amenities influence human mobility at the city level, little is known about spatial variations in this relationship. Here, we use mobile phone, census, and volunteered geographical data to measure geographic variations in the relationship between origin-destination flows and local urban accessibility in Barcelona. Using a Negative Binomial Geographically Weighted Regression model, we show that, globally, people tend to visit neighborhoods with better access to education and retail. Locally, these and other features change in sign and magnitude through the different neighborhoods of the city in ways that are not explained by administrative boundaries, and that provide deeper insights regarding urban characteristics such as rental prices. In conclusion, our work suggests that the qualities of a 15-minutes city can be measured at scale, delivering actionable insights on the polycentric structure of cities, and how people use and access this structure.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures
Sentinelles numériques : la cyber-sécurité au cœur de la transformation des administrations publiques marocaines
Creators: name: TOUHAMI Larbi
name: MARINI Sara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Cet article théorique examine la cybersécurité au Maroc, soulignant son rôle central dans la modernisation de l'administration publique. Il met en avant les ambitions novatrices du pays en matière de technologies de l'information, tout en reconnaissant les risques liés à la cybercriminalité. L'analyse se concentre sur deux axes principaux : les fondations de la cybersécurité, incluant la protection des données et la gestion proactive des menaces, et les stratégies globales adoptées, telles que la coordination interinstitutionnelle et les partenariats public-privé. En conclusion, l'article affirme que les "sentinelles numériques" marocaines positionnent le pays en tant que leader de la cybersécurité régionale et internationale, assurant la pérennité de sa transformation numérique.
[Class elicitation session]
Creators: name: Thang, Ni Luai
name: Ellsworth, Michael
name: Spence, Justin
name: Todd, Heather
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cfm

description: Elicitation of word lists, mainly body parts and sickness; words and phrases for emotions; motion verbs; short sentences with [k]-final words.
Further results for the two-loop Lcc vertex in the Landau gauge
Creators: name: Cvetic, Gorazd
name: Kondrashuk, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the previous paper hep-th/0604112 we calculated the first of the five planar two-loop diagrams for the Lcc vertex of the general non-Abelian Yang-Mills theory, the vertex which allows us in principle to obtain all other vertices via the Slavnov-Taylor identity. The integrand of this first diagram has a simple Lorentz structure. In this letter we present the result for the second diagram, whose integrand has a complicated Lorentz structure. The calculation is performed in the D-dimensional Euclidean position space. We initially perform one of the two integrations in the position space and then reduce the Lorentz structure to D-dimensional scalar single integrals. Some of the latter are then calculated by the uniqueness method, others by the Gegenbauer polynomial technique. The result is independent of the ultraviolet and the infrared scale. It is expressed in terms of the squares of spacetime intervals between points of the effective fields in the position space -- it includes simple powers of these intervals, as well as logarithms and polylogarithms thereof, with some of the latter appearing within the Davydychev integral J(1,1,1). Concerning the rest of diagrams, we present the result for the contributions correponding to third, fourth and fifth diagrams without giving the details of calculation. The full result for the Lcc correlator of the effective action at the planar two-loop level is written explicitly for maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure, minor changes; three references added, one new paragraph in Introduction added, Note Added is extended; to appear in JHEP
Giant Enhancement of Unconventional Photon Blockade in a Dimer Chain
Creators: name: Wang, You
name: Verstraelen, W.
name: Zhang, Baile
name: Liew, Timothy C. H.
name: Chong, Y. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unconventional photon blockade refers to the suppression of multi-photon states in weakly nonlinear optical resonators via the destructive interference of different excitation pathways. It has been studied in a pair of coupled nonlinear resonators and other few-mode systems. Here, we show that unconventional photon blockade can be greatly enhanced in a chain of coupled resonators. Specifically, the strength of the nonlinearity in each resonator needed to achieve unconventional photon blockade is suppressed exponentially with lattice size. The analytic derivation, based on a weak drive approximation, is validated by wavefunction Monte Carlo simulations. These findings show that customized lattices of coupled resonators can be powerful tools for controlling multi-photon quantum states.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Hadron Scattering in an Asymmetric Box
Creators: name: Li, Xin
name: Chen, Ying
name: Meng, Guo-Zhan
name: Feng, Xu
name: Gong, Ming
name: He, Song
name: Li, Gang
name: Liu, Chuan
name: Liu, Yu-Bin
name: Ma, Jian-Ping
name: Meng, Xiang-Fei
name: Shen, Yan
name: Zhang, Jian-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to study hadron-hadron scattering using lattice QCD in an asymmetric box which allows one to access more non-degenerate low-momentum modes for a given volume. The conventional Lüscher's formula applicable in a symmetric box is modified accordingly. To illustrate the feasibility of this approach, pion-pion elastic scattering phase shifts in the I=2, J=0 channel are calculated within quenched approximation using improved gauge and Wilson fermion actions on anisotropic lattices in an asymmetric box. After the chiral and continuum extrapolation, we find that our quenched results for the scattering phase shifts in this channel are consistent with the experimental data when the three-momentum of the pion is below 300MeV. Agreement is also found when compared with previous theoretical results from lattice and other means. Moreover, with the usage of asymmetric volume, we are able to compute the scattering phases in the low-momentum range (pion three momentum less than about 350MeV in the center of mass frame) for over a dozen values of the pion three-momenta, much more than using the conventional symmetric box with comparable volume.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures. minor changes compared with v.2, accepted for publication in JHEP
Intransitive verbs with transitive counterparts in Japanese : --with focus on ergative and middle--
Creators: name: Uchida, Miyo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In this thesis, I have examined intransitive verbs with transitive counterparts in Japanese. In accordance with the differences in their syntactic and semantic characteristics, I have considered that they are categorized into two, so-called ergative and middle verbs. There are various theories concerning "ergative" and "middle" verbs, especially "ergative" verbs since the term ergative is somewhat confusing. For instance, some linguists consider "ergative" verbs as underlyingly transitive verbs while others consider them as lexically intransitive verbs. I have hypothesized that "ergative" verbs are lexically intransitive and "middle" verbs are derived intransitive, and have attempted to support intransitivity or transitivity of those verbs from syntactic and semantic points of view, such as concerning passive possibility, implied agent, and so on. For example, "ergative" verbs seem to be passivized whereas "middle" verbs do not seem to be passivized since potentialization, which derives "middle" verbs, has a close relationship with passive. "Ergative" verbs do not necessarily have implied agent whereas "middle" verbs always seem to have implied agent and suggest underlying agent. My analysis seems to reveal the difference in transitivity between "ergative" and "middle" verbs and supports my hypothesis.
Resummed Mass Distribution for Jets Initiated by Massive Quarks
Creators: name: Aglietti, Ugo
name: Di Giustino, Leonardo
name: Ferrera, Giancarlo
name: Trentadue, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We resum the invariant mass distribution of jets initiated by massive quarks in next-to-leading logarithmic approximation and beyond in heuristic way. We find that the inclusion of mass terms, in the N-moment space, results in the universal factor delta_N(Q^2;m^2), taking into account dead-cone effects and soft radiation characteristic of massive charges. This factor multiplies the massless jet distribution function J_N(Q^2). The variable N is rescaled by the mass correction parameter r = m^2/Q^2 << 1 with respect to the standard massless case, being m the quark mass and Q the hard scale. The functions A(alpha_S) and B(alpha_S), appear with a minus sign suppressing collinear effects at large N, as expected. In the same region, soft radiation not collinearly enhanced, characteristic of massive charges, makes its appearance with the function D(alpha_S). Phenomenological applications, such as the resummation of b --> c l nu decay spectra or the inclusion of beauty mass effects in t --> b W decays, are briefly sketched.
description: 28 pages, stylistic changes, version accepted by journal
One class of solutions with two invariant relations for the problem of motion of the Kowalevski top in double constant field
Creators: name: Kharlamov, Mikhail P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider a rigid body having a fixed point in a superposition of two constant force fields (for example, gravitational and magnetic). Introducing the condition of Kowalevski type, O.I.Bogoyavlensky (1984) has found the first integral generalizing that of Kowalevski and pointed out the integrable case with two invariant relations, which reduces to the 1st Appelrot class when one of the fields vanishes. The article presents a new case with two invariant relations integrable in Jacobi sense and generalizing the 2nd and 3rd classes of Appelrot.
description: LaTex, 7 pages
The XMM Large Scale Structure Survey: Properties and Two-Point Angular Correlations of Point-like Sources
Creators: name: Gandhi, P.
name: Garcet, O.
name: Disseau, L.
name: Pacaud, F.
name: Pierre, M.
name: Gueguen, A.
name: Alloin, D.
name: Chiappetti, L.
name: Gosset, E.
name: Maccagni, D.
name: Surdej, J.
name: Valtchanov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze X-ray sources detected over 4.2 pseudo-contiguous sq. deg. in the 0.5-2 keV and 2-10 keV bands down to fluxes of 2x10^{-15} and 8x10^{-15} erg/s/cm^2 respectively, as part of the XMM Large Scale Structure Survey. The logN-logS in both bands shows a steep slope at bright fluxes, but agrees well with other determinations below ~2x10^{-14} erg/s/cm^2. The detected sources resolve close to 30 per cent of the X-ray background in the 2-10 keV band. We study the two-point angular clustering of point sources using nearest neighbours and correlation function statistics and find a weak, positive signal for ~1130 sources in the 0.5-2 keV band, but no correlation for ~400 sources in the 2-10 keV band below scales of 100 arcsec. A sub-sample of ~200 faint sources with hard X-ray count ratios, that is likely to be dominated by obscured AGN, does show a positive signal with the data allowing for a large scaling of the angular correlation length, but only at the ~2 (3) sigma level, based on re-sampling (Poisson) statistics. We discuss possible implications and emphasize the importance of wider, complete surveys in order to fully understand the large scale structure of the X-ray sky.
description: A&A in press; High resolution version at http://www-xray.ast.cam.ac.uk/~pg/publications.html
The low cosmic-ray density in Polaris Flare
Creators: name: Cui, Zhi-wei
name: Yang, Rui-zhi
name: Liu, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reported the gamma-ray observation towards the giant molecular cloud Polaris Flare. Together with the dust column density map, we derived the cosmic ray density and spectrum in this cloud. Compared with the CR measured locally, the CR density in Polaris Flare is significantly lower and the spectrum is softer. Such a different CR spectrum reveals either a rather large gradient of CR distribution in the direction perpendicular to the Galactic plane or a suppression of CR inside molecular clouds.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA)
A Statistical Characterization of Regular Simplices
Creators: name: Abramson, Ian
name: Goldstein, Larry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62-07,51F20

description: The positive interpoint distances of n=p+1>1 points in dimension p are equal if and only if their sample covariance matrix is a scalar multiple of the identity.
description: 5 pages, which includes corrections to the published version. Version 2 differs in only small typographical changes: removing an extra sigma squared, and inserting a needed 1/n
Explicit and asymptotic solutions for frictional incomplete half-plane contacts subject to general oscillatory loading in the steady-state
Creators: name: Andresen, Hendrik
name: Fleury, Rodolfo M. N.
name: Moore, Matthew R.
name: Hills, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This contribution presents an asymptotic formulation for the stick-slip behaviour of incomplete contacts under oscillatory variation of normal load, moment, shear load and differential bulk tension. The asymptotic description allows us not only to approximate the size of the slip zones during the steady-state of a cyclic problem without knowledge of the geometry or contact law, but provides a solution when all known analytical solutions for incomplete contacts reach their limitations, that is, in the presence of a varying moment and a differential bulk tension large enough to reverse the direction of slip at one end of the contact. An insightful comparison between the mathematically explicit analytical solution and the asymptotic approach is drawn using the example geometry of a shallow wedge.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures
title: Design and evaluation of an intervention to increase handwashing with soap after toilet use in Koumassi, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire: A cluster randomised trial
Creators: name: Amon-Tanoh, MA
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2020

description: Background: Diarrhoeal diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years old in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Handwashing with soap after contact with faeces is a cost-effective way of preventing diarrhoea. However, handwashing with soap frequencies are low in many settings. Aim: The study aimed to design and evaluate two interventions to increase handwashing with soap after using the toilet, in housing compounds in Koumassi commune, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: We randomly assigned 75 compounds to one of three arms in a 1:1:1 ratio. One arm received an intervention package comprising disgust-inducing handwashing messages, designed using the Theory of Normative Social Behaviour, and a handwashing station (TNSB); the second arm received only the handwashing station (HWS-only); the third arm served as a control group. The primary outcome was the proportion of occasions when hands were washed with soap after using the toilet, measured at the one-month and five-month post-intervention delivery. Results: One month post intervention, handwashing with soap somewhat increased from a baseline frequency of 3% to 9% in the HWS-only intervention group, and from 7% to 24% in the TNSB-based handwashing intervention group. In the control group, handwashing with soap changed little (from 6% at baseline to 5%). There was strong evidence (P<0.0001) that handwashing with soap frequencies varied between arms: HWS-only intervention versus control, OR=2.00 (95% CI: 1.03- 3.90); TNSB-based intervention versus control OR=7.17 (95% CI: 3.91-13.12). Five months post intervention, the corresponding ORs were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.50-2.04) and 3.11 (95% CI: 1.62-6.00) respectively. Conclusion: A handwashing intervention combining disgust-inducing messages with supply of a handwashing station was effective at increasing handwashing with soap after using the toilet. The provision of a handwashing station-alone had little impact. Future studies should investigate whether the same approach, when delivered via mass media, can have the same effect as the face-to-face delivery used in this study.
Multiple integral representation for functionals of Dirichlet processes
Creators: name: Peccati, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We point out that a proper use of the Hoeffding--ANOVA decomposition for symmetric statistics of finite urn sequences, previously introduced by the author, yields a decomposition of the space of square-integrable functionals of a Dirichlet--Ferguson process, written $L^2(D)$, into orthogonal subspaces of multiple integrals of increasing order. This gives an isomorphism between $L^2(D)$ and an appropriate Fock space over a class of deterministic functions. By means of a well-known result due to Blackwell and MacQueen, we show that each element of the $n$th orthogonal space of multiple integrals can be represented as the $L^2$ limit of $U$-statistics with degenerate kernel of degree $n$. General formulae for the decomposition of a given functional are provided in terms of linear combinations of conditioned expectations whose coefficients are explicitly computed. We show that, in simple cases, multiple integrals have a natural representation in terms of Jacobi polynomials. Several connections are established, in particular with Bayesian decision problems, and with some classic formulae concerning the transition densities of multiallele diffusion models, due to Littler and Fackerell, and Griffiths. Our results may also be used to calculate the best approximation of elements of $L^2(D)$ by means of $U$-statistics of finite vectors of exchangeable observations.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/07-BEJ5169 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
Chiral bands for quasi-proton and quasi-neutron coupling with a triaxial rotor
Creators: name: Zhang, S. Q.
name: Qi, B.
name: Wang, S. Y.
name: Meng, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A particle rotor model (PRM) with a quasi-proton and a quasi-neutron coupled with a triaxial rotor is developed and applied to study chiral doublet bands with configurations of a $h_{11/2}$ proton and a $h_{11/2}$ quasi-neutron. With pairing treated by the BCS approximation, the present quasi-particle PRM is aimed at simulating one proton and many neutron holes coupled with a triaxial rotor. After a detailed analysis of the angular momentum orientations, energy separation between the partner bands, and behavior of electromagnetic transitions, for the first time we find aplanar rotation or equivalently chiral geometry beyond the usual one proton and one neutron hole coupled with a triaxial rotor.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review C
Venus upper atmosphere revealed by a GCM: II. Model validation with temperature and density measurements
Creators: name: Gilli, Gabriella
name: Navarro, Thomas
name: Lebonnois, Sebastien
name: Quirino, Diogo
name: Silva, Vasco
name: Stolzenbach, Aurelien
name: Lefèvre, Franck
name: Schubert, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An improved high-resolution ground-to-thermosphere version of the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) Venus General Circulation Model (VGCM), including non-orographic gravity waves (GW) parameterization and fine-tuned non-LTE parameters, is presented here. We focus on the validation of the model built from a collection of data mostly from Venus Express experiments and coordinated ground-based telescope campaigns, in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere of Venus. These simulations result in an overall better agreement with temperature observations above 90 km, compared with previous versions of the VGCM. Density of CO2 and light species (CO and O) are also comparable with observations in terms of trend and order of magnitude. Systematic biases in the temperature structure are found at about 80-100 km and above 130 km at the terminator, possibly due to assumptions on the CO2 mixing ratio made for stellar/solar occultation retrievals and uncertainties on the collisional rate coefficients used in the non-LTE parameterization, respectively. Diurnal and latitudinal distribution of dynamical tracers are also analyzed. Overall, our simulations indicate that a weak westward retrograde wind is present up to about 120 km, producing the CO bulge displacement toward 2h-3h in the morning, instead of piling up at the anti-solar point, as for an idealised SS-AS circulation. This retrograde imbalance is suggested to be produced by perturbations of about 5 days Kelvin wave impacting the mesosphere up to 110 km (see the companion paper Navarro et al. 2021), combined with GW westward acceleration mostly above 110 km. On the whole, these model developments point to the importance of the inclusion of the lower atmosphere, higher resolution and finely tuned parameterizations in GCM of the Venusian upper atmosphere, in order to shed light on existing observations.
description: Icarus (2021), in press, 24 pages, 17 Figures
Optimal sampling for design-based estimators of regression models
Creators: name: Chen, Tong
name: Lumley, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Two-phase designs measure variables of interest on a subcohort where the outcome and covariates are readily available or cheap to collect on all individuals in the cohort. Given limited resource availability, it is of interest to find an optimal design that includes more informative individuals in the final sample. We explore the optimal designs and efficiencies for analysis by design-based estimators. Generalized raking is an efficient design-based estimator that improves on the inverse-probability weighted (IPW) estimator by adjusting weights based on the auxiliary information. We derive a closed-form solution of the optimal design for estimating regression coefficients from generalized raking estimators. We compare it with the optimal design for analysis via the IPW estimator and other two-phase designs in measurement-error settings. We consider general two-phase designs where the outcome variable and variables of interest can be continuous or discrete. Our results show that the optimal designs for analysis by the two design-based estimators can be very different. The optimal design for IPW estimation is optimal for analysis via the IPW estimator and typically gives near-optimal efficiency for generalized raking, though we show there is potential improvement in some settings.
Entropy of expanding QCD matter
Creators: name: Biro, Tamas S
name: Zimanyi, Jozsef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the lattice QCD equation of state for an isentropically expanding fireball we follow the evolution of the effective number of particles in an ideal gas pV/T. This number reduces roughly to its third around the crossover temperature, which helps to circumvent the entropy obstacle inherent in quark coalescence models of the hadronization.
description: 5 pages 4 eps figures LaTeX
Molecular Doping of Graphene
Creators: name: Wehling, T. O.
name: Novoselov, K. S.
name: Morozov, S. V.
name: Vdovin, E. E.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Geim, A. K.
name: Lichtenstein, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene, a one-atom thick zero gap semiconductor [1, 2], has been attracting an increasing interest due to its remarkable physical properties ranging from an electron spectrum resembling relativistic dynamics [3-12] to ballistic transport under ambient conditions [1-4]. The latter makes graphene a promising material for future electronics and the recently demonstrated possibility of chemical doping without significant change in mobility has improved graphene's prospects further [13]. However, to find optimal dopants and, more generally, to progress towards graphene-based electronics requires understanding the physical mechanism behind the chemical doping, which has been lacking so far. Here, we present the first joint experimental and theoretical investigation of adsorbates on graphene. We elucidate a general relation between the doping strength and whether or not adsorbates have a magnetic moment: The paramagnetic single NO2 molecule is found to be a strong acceptor, whereas its diamagnetic dimer N2O4 causes only weak doping. This effect is related to the peculiar density of states of graphene, which provides an ideal situation for model studies of doping effects in semiconductors. Furthermore, we explain recent results on its "chemical sensor" properties, in particular, the possibility to detect a single NO2 molecule [13].
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Spontaneous knotting of a flexible fiber in chaotic flows
Creators: name: Favier, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of an inextensible but flexible fiber advected by a steady chaotic flow, and ask the simple question whether the fiber can spontaneously knot itself. Using a 1D Cosserat model, a simple local viscous drag model and discrete contact forces, we explore the probability of finding knots at any given time when the fiber is interacting with the ABC class of flows. The bending rigidity is shown to have a marginal effect compared to that of increasing the fiber length. Complex knots are formed up to 11 crossings, but some knots are more probable than others. The finite-time Lyapunov exponent of the flow is shown to have a positive effect on the knot probability. Finally, contact forces appear to be crucial since knotted configurations can remain stable for times much longer than the turnover time of the flow, something that is not observed when the fiber can freely cross itself.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Efficiency of initiating cell adhesion in hydrodynamic flow
Creators: name: Korn, C.
name: Schwarz, U. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the efficiency of initial binding between a receptor-coated sphere and a ligand-coated wall in linear shear flow. The mean first passage time for binding decreases monotonically with increasing shear rate. Above a saturation threshold of the order of a few 100 receptor patches, the binding efficiency is enhanced only weakly by increasing their number and size, but strongly by increasing their height. This explains why white blood cells in the blood flow adhere through receptor patches localized to the tips of microvilli, and why malaria-infected red blood cells form elevated receptor patches (knobs).
description: 4 pages, Revtex, 4 Postscript figures included, to appear in PRL
Topological Hochschild homology and cohomology of A_\infty ring spectra
Creators: name: Angeltveit, Vigleik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P43 (Primary) 18D50, 55S35 (Secondary)

description: Let A be an A_\infty ring spectrum. We use the description from [2] of the cyclic bar and cobar construction to give a direct definition of topological Hochschild homology and cohomology of A using the Stasheff associahedra and another family of polyhedra called cyclohedra. This construction builds the maps making up the A_\infty structure into THH(A), and allows us to study how THH(A) varies over the moduli space of A_\infty structures on A. As an example, we study how topological Hochschild cohomology of Morava K-theory varies over the moduli space of A_\infty structures and show that in the generic case, when a certain matrix describing the noncommutativity of the multiplication is invertible, topological Hochschild cohomology of 2-periodic Morava K-theory is the corresponding Morava E-theory. If the A_\infty structure is ``more commutative'', topological Hochschild cohomology of Morava K-theory is some extension of Morava E-theory.
description: 38 pages, 2 figures
How to Train Your Robot with Deep Reinforcement Learning; Lessons We've Learned
Creators: name: Ibarz, Julian
name: Tan, Jie
name: Finn, Chelsea
name: Kalakrishnan, Mrinal
name: Pastor, Peter
name: Levine, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for autonomously acquiring complex behaviors from low level sensor observations. Although a large portion of deep RL research has focused on applications in video games and simulated control, which does not connect with the constraints of learning in real environments, deep RL has also demonstrated promise in enabling physical robots to learn complex skills in the real world. At the same time,real world robotics provides an appealing domain for evaluating such algorithms, as it connects directly to how humans learn; as an embodied agent in the real world. Learning to perceive and move in the real world presents numerous challenges, some of which are easier to address than others, and some of which are often not considered in RL research that focuses only on simulated domains. In this review article, we present a number of case studies involving robotic deep RL. Building off of these case studies, we discuss commonly perceived challenges in deep RL and how they have been addressed in these works. We also provide an overview of other outstanding challenges, many of which are unique to the real-world robotics setting and are not often the focus of mainstream RL research. Our goal is to provide a resource both for roboticists and machine learning researchers who are interested in furthering the progress of deep RL in the real world.
[Small-group elicitation session]
Creators: name: Thang, Ni Luai
name: Kamholz, David
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cfm

description: Elicitation of words with suspected palatal stop/affricate; various nouns and verbs with prefixes (for purposes of tone interactions); word list from 3.44 to 4.23 (weather and fire-related words), with related short sentences; Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus 'natural objects' questionnaire.
Phase-shift analysis of low-energy $π^{\pm}p$ elastic-scattering data
Creators: name: Matsinos, E.
name: Woolcock, W. S.
name: Oades, G. C.
name: Rasche, G.
name: Gashi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using electromagnetic corrections previously calculated by means of a potential model, we have made a phase-shift analysis of the $π^\pm p$ elastic-scattering data up to a pion laboratory kinetic energy of 100 MeV. The hadronic interaction was assumed to be isospin invariant. We found that it was possible to obtain self-consistent databases by removing very few measurements. A pion-nucleon model was fitted to the elastic-scattering database obtained after the removal of the outliers. The model-parameter values showed an impressive stability when the database was subjected to different criteria for the rejection of experiments. Our result for the pseudovector $πN N$ coupling constant (in the standard form) is $0.0733 \pm 0.0014$. The six hadronic phase shifts up to 100 MeV are given in tabulated form. We also give the values of the s-wave scattering lengths and the p-wave scattering volumes. Big differences in the s-wave part of the interaction were observed when comparing our hadronic phase shifts with those of the current GWU solution. We demonstrate that the hadronic phase shifts obtained from the analysis of the elastic-scattering data cannot reproduce the measurements of the $π^- p$ charge-exchange reaction, thus corroborating past evidence that the hadronic interaction violates isospin invariance. Assuming the validity of the result obtained within the framework of chiral perturbation theory, that the mass difference between the $u$- and the $d$-quark has only a very small effect on the isospin invariance of the purely hadronic interaction, the isospin-invariance violation revealed by the data must arise from the fact that we are dealing with a hadronic interaction which still contains residual effects of electromagnetic origin.
description: 43 pages, 6 figures
Five-Dimensional Black Hole Capture Cross-Sections
Creators: name: Gooding, Cisco
name: Frolov, Andrei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study scattering and capture of particles by a rotating black hole in the five-dimensional spacetime described by the Myers-Perry metric. The equations of geodesic motion are integrable, and allow us to calculate capture conditions for a free particle sent towards a black hole from infinity. We introduce a three-dimensional impact parameter describing asymptotic initial conditions in the scattering problem for a given initial velocity. The capture surface in impact parameter space is a sphere for a non-rotating black hole, and is deformed for a rotating black hole. We obtain asymptotic expressions that describe such deformations for small rotational parameters, and use numerical calculations to investigate the arbitrary rotation case, which allows us to visualize the capture surface as extremal rotation is approached.
description: RevTeX 4.0; 10 pages, 7 figures
Mutation in GM2A Leads to a Progressive Chorea-Dementia Syndrome
Creators: name: Salih, Mustafa A.
name: Seidahmed, Mohammed Z.
name: El Khashab, Heba Y.
name: Hamad, Muddathir H. A.
name: Bosley, Thomas M.
name: Burn, Sabrina
name: Myers, Angela
name: Landsverk, Megan L.
name: Crotwell, Patricia L.
name: Bilguvar, Kaya
name: Mane, Shrikant
name: Kruer, Michael C.
Publisher: name: Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements
Year: 2015

description: Background: The etiology of many cases of childhood-onset chorea remains undetermined, although advances in genomics are revealing both new disease-associated genes and variant phenotypes associated with known genes. Methods: We report a Saudi family with a neurodegenerative course dominated by progressive chorea and dementia in whom we performed homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing. Results: We identified a homozygous missense mutation in GM2A within a prominent block of homozygosity. This mutation is predicted to impair protein function. Discussion: Although discovered more than two decades ago, to date, only five patients with this rare form of GM2 gangliosidosis have been reported. The phenotype of previously described GM2A patients has been typified by onset in infancy, profound hypotonia and impaired volitional movement, intractable seizures, hyperacusis, and a macular cherry red spot. Our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum of GM2A mutation-positive gangliosidosis to include generalized chorea without macular findings or hyperacusis and highlight how mutations in neurodegenerative disease genes may present in unexpected ways.
description: Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements, Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements