cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optical Discovery of an Apparent Galactic Supernova Remnant G159.6+7.3
Creators: name: Fesen, Robert
name: Milisavljevic, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep Halpha images of portions of a faint 3 x 4 degree Halpha shell centered at l = 159.6 deg, b = 7.3 deg seen on the Virginia Tech Spectral Line Survey images revealed the presence of several thin emission filaments along its eastern limb. Low-dispersion optical spectra of two of these filaments covering the wavelength range of 4500 - 7500 Angstroms show narrow Halpha line emissions with velocities around -170 +/- 30 km/s. Both the morphology and spectra of these filaments are consistent with a Balmer dominated shock interpretation and we propose these optical filaments indicate that the large Halpha emission shell is a previously unrecognized supernova remnant. ROSAT All Sky Survey images indicate the possible presence of extremely faint, diffuse emission from the shell's central region. The shell's location more than seven degrees off the Galactic plane in a region of relatively low interstellar density may account for the lack of any reported associated nonthermal radio emissions. The rare discovery of a Galactic SNR at optical wavelengths suggests that additional high latitude SNRs may have escaped radio and X-ray detection.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted to the Astronomical Journal
Search for the xi(2220) and Study of the X(3872) at BABAR
Creators: name: Mokhtar, Arafat Gabareen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The BABAR Collaboration performed a search for xi(2220) production in the initial-state radiation process e^+e^- --> gamma J/psi, J/psi --> gamma K^+K^- or J/psi --> gamma K^0_SK^0_S. No evidence for the xi(2220) resonance has been found. The 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of branching fractions are sensitive to the spin and helicity hypotheses. These upper limits are of the order 10^-5, below the values reported in previous experiments. Also at BABAR, the decays B --> J/psi pi^+ pi^- pi^0 K are studied to search for the decay X(3872) --> J/psi omega. This search yields a four standard deviation evidence for X(3872) --> J/psi omega, with product branching fractions of B(B^+ --> X(3872)K^+) x B(X(3872) --> J/psi omega)=[0.6 +- 0.2(stat) +- 0.1(syst) ] x 10^-5, and B(B^0 --> X(3872)K^0) x B(X(3872) --> J/psi omega =[0.6 +- 0.3(stat) +- 0.1(syst) ] x 10^-5. A detailed study of the pi^+ pi^- pi^0 mass distribution from X(3872) decay favors a negative-parity assignment but does not rule out the positive-parity hypothesis.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the 2010 ICHEP meeting
Inelastic Neutron and X-ray Scattering from Incommensurate Magnetic Systems
Creators: name: Böni, Peter
name: Roessli, Bertrand
name: Hradil, Klaudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrons and X-rays are powerful probes for studying magnetic and lattice excitations in strongly correlated materials over very wide ranges of momentum and energy transfers. In the focus of the present work are the incommensurate magnetic systems MnSi and Cr. Under application of a magnetic field, helically ordered MnSi transforms into a weak itinerant ferromagnet. Using polarized neutrons we demonstrate that the Stoner excitations are spin flip excitations. The amplitude (longitudinal) fluctuations associated with the magnon modes are already strong far away from T_C. Interestingly, even the non spin flip excitations associated with the Stoner modes are observable. In Cr, we have observed Kohn anomalies in the phonon spectrum at those incommensurate positions in reciprocal space, where the spin density wave is observed. The corresponding phonon and magnon modes are not coupled. In addition, an anomalous softening of a transverse phonon branch along the N-H zone boundary line is observed that is caused by strong electron phonon coupling. High resolution neutron scattering indicate that the low energy Fincher-Burke excitations may rather correspond to localized modes in momentum and energy and not to propagating collective modes. Finally, we demonstrate that in the near future it may become feasible to investigate excitations in very small samples thus allowing to measure the dynamics of strongly correlated materials under extreme conditions and in the vicinity of quantum phase transitions.
Dual doubled geometry
Creators: name: Bergshoeff, Eric A.
name: Riccioni, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We probe doubled geometry with dual fundamental branes, i.e. solitons. Restricting ourselves first to solitonic branes with more than two transverse directions we find that the doubled geometry requires an effective wrapping rule for the solitonic branes which is dual to the wrapping rule for fundamental branes. This dual wrapping rule can be understood by the presence of Kaluza-Klein monopoles. Extending our analysis to supersymmetric solitonic branes with less than or equal to two transverse directions we show that such solitons are precisely obtained by applying the same dual wrapping rule to these cases as well. This extended wrapping rule can not be explained by the standard Kaluza-Klein monopole alone. Instead, it suggests the existence of a class of generalized Kaluza-Klein monopoles in ten-dimensional string theory.
description: 16 pages
Golden Coded Multiple Beamforming
Creators: name: Li, Boyu
name: Ayanoglu, Ender
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Golden Code is a full-rate full-diversity space-time code, which achieves maximum coding gain for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems with two transmit and two receive antennas. Since four information symbols taken from an M-QAM constellation are selected to construct one Golden Code codeword, a maximum likelihood decoder using sphere decoding has the worst-case complexity of O(M^4), when the Channel State Information (CSI) is available at the receiver. Previously, this worst-case complexity was reduced to O(M^(2.5)) without performance degradation. When the CSI is known by the transmitter as well as the receiver, beamforming techniques that employ singular value decomposition are commonly used in MIMO systems. In the absence of channel coding, when a single symbol is transmitted, these systems achieve the full diversity order provided by the channel. Whereas this property is lost when multiple symbols are simultaneously transmitted. However, uncoded multiple beamforming can achieve the full diversity order by adding a properly designed constellation precoder. For 2 \times 2 Fully Precoded Multiple Beamforming (FPMB), the general worst-case decoding complexity is O(M). In this paper, Golden Coded Multiple Beamforming (GCMB) is proposed, which transmits the Golden Code through 2 \times 2 multiple beamforming. GCMB achieves the full diversity order and its performance is similar to general MIMO systems using the Golden Code and FPMB, whereas the worst-case decoding complexity of O(sqrt(M)) is much lower. The extension of GCMB to larger dimensions is also discussed.
description: accepted to conference
WIMPless Dark Matter: Models and Signatures
Creators: name: Kumar, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider experimental signatures of WIMPless dark matter. We focus on models where the WIMPless dark matter candidate is a Majorana fermion, and dark matter scattering is predominantly spin-dependent. These models can be probed by IceCube/DeepCore, which can potentially find $3σ$ evidence with ~ 5 years of data.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, PDFLatex, accepted for publication in the proceedings of the 35th International Conference of High Energy Physics - ICHEP2010, July 22-28, 2010, Paris France
Hole Dispersions for Antiferromagnetic Spin-1/2 Two-Leg Ladders by Self-Similar Continuous Unitary Transformations
Creators: name: Duffe, S.
name: Uhrig, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hole-doped antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 two-leg ladder is an important model system for the high-$T_c$ superconductors based on cuprates. Using the technique of self-similar continuous unitary transformations we derive effective Hamiltonians for the charge motion in these ladders. The key advantage of this technique is that it provides effective models explicitly in the thermodynamic limit. A real space restriction of the generator of the transformation allows us to explore the experimentally relevant parameter space. From the effective Hamiltonians we calculate the dispersions for single holes. Further calculations will enable the calculation of the interaction of two holes so that a handle of Cooper pair formation is within reach.
description: 16 pages, 26 figures
Cherenkov Light Imaging - Fundamentals and recent Developments
Creators: name: Engelfried, Jurgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review in a historical way the fundamentals of Cherenkov light imaging applied to Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counters. We also point out some of the newer developments in this very active field.
description: Submitted to special edition of NIMA, Proceedings of RICH2010
Normally Elliptic Singular Perturbations and Persistence of Homoclinic Orbits
Creators: name: Lu, Nan
name: Zeng, Chongchun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a dynamical system, possibly infinite dimensional or non-autonomous, with fast and slow time scales which is oscillatory with high frequencies in the fast directions. We first derive and justify the limit system of the slow variables. Assuming a steady state persists, we construct the stable, unstable, center-stable, center-unstable, and center manifolds of the steady state of a size of order O(1) and give their leading order approximations. Finally, using these tools, we study the persistence of homoclinic solutions in this type of normally elliptic singular perturbation problems.
The Good Old Davis-Putnam Procedure Helps Counting Models
Creators: name: Birnbaum, E.
name: Lozinskii, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As was shown recently, many important AI problems require counting the number of models of propositional formulas. The problem of counting models of such formulas is, according to present knowledge, computationally intractable in a worst case. Based on the Davis-Putnam procedure, we present an algorithm, CDP, that computes the exact number of models of a propositional CNF or DNF formula F. Let m and n be the number of clauses and variables of F, respectively, and let p denote the probability that a literal l of F occurs in a clause C of F, then the average running time of CDP is shown to be O(nm^d), where d=-1/log(1-p). The practical performance of CDP has been estimated in a series of experiments on a wide variety of CNF formulas.
Source controls for runoff treatment : hydrologic response and water quality attenuation in urban catchments
Creators: name: Stime, Samuel Eugene
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The lower Fraser Valley receives considerable rainfall, the vast majority of which percolated to groundwater for summer recharge of streams that supported healthy ecosystems and robust salmon populations. But as the cities in the valley grew and expanded, land use rapidly changed and impervious surface area from roads, parking lots, and buildings, like elsewhere, have contributed to increased flooding events, reduced groundwater recharge, lower summer base flow in urban streams, and reduced water quality that has led to significantly compromised biotic integrity and reduced biodiversity in the streams. Low impact development best management practices that promote infiltration of rainfall where it falls, reduce peak runoff flows and total event runoff volumes, and offer a level of treatment of contaminated waters, are slowly gaining recognition and use. This investigation was performed in two parts. First, using a paired catchment approach in the Township of Langley, it examines whether reductions in peak runoff flow and total event runoff volumes are proportionate to the effective reduction in directly connected impervious area, by installation of a suite of on-lot best management practices in one catchment. Second, using a treatment effectiveness approach in the District of Maple Ridge, it examines whether a roadside infiltration swale is removing contaminants and improving water quality both as predicted by the literature, and as required by Canadian guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. By disconnecting roof areas from direct connection to storm sewer, amending soil depths, and installing on-lot infiltration trenches in the Routley catchment in the Township of Langley, the hydraulic benefits are nearly as great as the scope of practices applied. Years after construction of a progressive suite of practices in Maple Ridge, the Foreman Drive bioswale appears to be removing contaminants as designed, and providing significant water quality benefits.
Nitrogen Enrichment in Atmospheres of A- and F- Type Supergiants
Creators: name: Lyubimkov, Leonid S.
name: Lambert, David L.
name: Korotin, Sergey A.
name: Poklad, Dmitry B.
name: Rachkovskaya, Tamara M.
name: Rostopchin, Sergey I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using new accurate fundamental parameters of 30 Galactic A and F supergiants, namely their effective temperatures Teff and surface gravities log g, we implemented a non-LTE analysis of the nitrogen abundance in their atmospheres. It is shown that the non-LTE corrections to the N abundances increase with Teff. The nitrogen overabundance as a general feature of this type of stars is confirmed. A majority of the stars has a nitrogen excess [N/Fe] between 0.2 and 0.9 dex with the maximum position of the star's distribution on [N/Fe] between 0.4 and 0.7 dex. The N excesses are discussed in light of predictions for B-type main sequence (MS) stars with rotationally induced mixing and for their next evolutionary phase, i.e. A- and F-type supergiants that have experienced the first dredge-up. Rotationally induced mixing in the MS progenitors of the supergiants may be a significant cause of the nitrogen excesses. When comparing our results with predictions of the theory developed for stars with the mixing, we find that the bulk of the supergiants (28 of 30) show the N enrichment that can be expected (i) either after the MS phase for stars with the initial rotational velocities v0 = 200-400 km s-1, (ii) or after the first dredge-up for stars with v0 = 50-400 km s-1. The latter possibility is preferred on account of the longer lifetime for stars on red-blue loops following the first dredge-up. Two supergiants without a discernible N enrichment, namely HR 825 and HR 7876, may be post-MS objects with the relatively low initial rotational velocity of about 100 km s-1. The suggested range for v0 is approximately consistent with inferences from the observed projected rotational velocities of B-type MS stars, progenitors of A and F supergiants.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
Unveiling the nature of out-of-equilibrium phase transitions in a system with long-range interactions
Creators: name: Firpo, M. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, there has been some vigorous interest in the out-of-equilibrium quasistationary states (QSSs), with lifetimes diverging with the number N of degrees of freedom, emerging from numerical simulations of the ferromagnetic XY Hamiltonian Mean Field (HMF) starting from some special initial conditions. Phase transitions have been reported between low-energy magnetized QSSs and large-energy unexpected, antiferromagnetic-like, QSSs with low magnetization. This issue is addressed here in the Vlasov N \rightarrow \infty limit. It is argued that the time-asymptotic states emerging in the Vlasov limit can be related to simple generic time-asymptotic forms for the force field. The proposed picture unveils the nature of the out-of-equilibrium phase transitions reported for the ferromagnetic HMF: this is a bifurcation point connecting an effective integrable Vlasov one-particle time-asymptotic dynamics to a partly ergodic one which means a brutal open-up of the Vlasov one-particle phase space. Illustration is given by investigating the time-asymptotic value of the magnetization at the phase transition, under the assumption of a sufficiently rapid time-asymptotic decay of the transient force field.
On common values of $ϕ(n)$ and $σ(m)$, II
Creators: name: Ford, Kevin
name: Pollack, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11N37, 11A25

description: Let phi(n) be Euler's totient function and let sigma(n) be the sum of the positive divisors of n. We show that most phi-values (integers in the range of phi) are not sigma-values and vice versa.
description: 23 pages
Pseudomonas sp. UW4 protege a las plantas de jitomate frente a estrés salino
Creators: name: Bernabé Allende, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
Year: 2023
Subjects: Estrés salino
PGPB
Pseudomonas sp. UW4
fitoestimulación
protección de las plantas

description: Resumen
La productividad de los cultivos puede mejorarse mediante la aplicación de microorganismos benéficos (PGPB; por sus siglas en inglés, Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria) aún en condiciones de estrés. Las sales solubles disminuyen la fertilidad de los suelos, produciendo estrés osmótico, afectando la homeostasis de los iones, esto altera el estado hormonal de la planta perturbando la asimilación de nutrientes y la fotosíntesis [1]. El compuesto ACC (amino ciclopropano) es un precursor del etileno en las plantas y estos aumentan frente al estrés, en consecuencia, las PGPB utilizan a la ACC desaminasa para disminuir los niveles de etileno en condiciones de estrés [2]. Otro mecanismo utilizado por las PGPB para disminuir el estrés y promover el crecimiento de la planta es mediante la producción de trehalosa [3]. Este es un disacárido que se utiliza como  molécula de señalización, reserva de carbohidratos y protector frente a estrés como la sequía, frio y estrés salino [4]. En este trabajo se evaluó la actividad de la ACC desaminasa y la acumulación de trehalosa por la PGPB Pseudomas sp. UW4, en donde la inoculación de esta cepa y sus mutantes defectivas en trehalosa y ACC desaminasa, mostraron una disminución significativa en la acumulación de trehalosa en las mutantes; afectando la longitud de raíces y brotes de las plantas inoculadas. La cepa que sobre produce trehalosa protegió a las plantas inoculadas de las condiciones de estrés salino. Estos resultados son consistentes con la acción sinérgica de la ACC desaminasa y trehalosa en Pseudomonas sp. UW4 en la protección de plantas de tomate frente al estrés salino [5].
In situ infrared imaging of the local orientation of cellulose fibrils in plant secondary cell walls
Creators: name: Veber, Alexander
name: Zancajo, Victor M. R.
name: Puskar, Ljiljana
name: Schade, Ulrich
name: Kneipp, Janina
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten

description: The mechanical and chemical properties of plant cell walls greatly rely on the supramolecular assembly of cellulose fibrils. To study the local orientation of cellulose in secondary plant cell walls, diffraction limited infrared (IR) micro-spectroscopic mapping experiments were conducted at different orientation of transverse leaf section of the grass Sorghum bicolor with respect to the polarization direction of the IR radiation. Two-dimensional maps, based on polarization-sensitive absorption bands of cellulose were obtained for different polarization angles. They reveal a significant degree of anisotropy of the cellulose macromolecules as well as of other biopolymers in sclerenchyma and xylem regions of the cross section. Quantification of the signals assigned to polarization sensitive vibrational modes allowed to determine the preferential orientation of the sub-micron cellulose fibrils in single cell walls. A sample of crystalline nano-cellulose comprising both a single microcrystal as well as unordered layers of nanocrystals was used for validation of the approach. The results demonstrate that diffraction limited IR micro-spectroscopy can be used to study hierarchically structured materials with complex anisotropic behavior.
Identifying Mislabeled Training Data
Creators: name: Brodley, C. E.
name: Friedl, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a new approach to identifying and eliminating mislabeled training instances for supervised learning. The goal of this approach is to improve classification accuracies produced by learning algorithms by improving the quality of the training data. Our approach uses a set of learning algorithms to create classifiers that serve as noise filters for the training data. We evaluate single algorithm, majority vote and consensus filters on five datasets that are prone to labeling errors. Our experiments illustrate that filtering significantly improves classification accuracy for noise levels up to 30 percent. An analytical and empirical evaluation of the precision of our approach shows that consensus filters are conservative at throwing away good data at the expense of retaining bad data and that majority filters are better at detecting bad data at the expense of throwing away good data. This suggests that for situations in which there is a paucity of data, consensus filters are preferable, whereas majority vote filters are preferable for situations with an abundance of data.
The Role of Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins in Microglial Docosahexaenoic Acid Uptake and Immunometabolism
Creators: name: LOW, YI LING
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 321499
subject: Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Inflammation in the brain, termed neuroinflammation, occurs very commonly in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Neuroinflammation is bad as it can result in cell death in the brain, which leads to the further deterioration of the patient’s health. This project looked into ways to reduce neuroinflammation by targeting a specific protein, fatty acid-binding protein, in a highly specialised cell type in the brain, called microglia. Multiple novel roles of microglial fatty acid-binding proteins were discovered. These findings most likely helped in identifying a new therapeutic target in the brain that can reduce neuroinflammation.
Survey on Various Gesture Recognition Techniques for Interfacing Machines Based on Ambient Intelligence
Creators: name: C, Harshith
name: Shastry, Karthik R.
name: Ravindran, Manoj
name: Srikanth, M. V. V. N. S.
name: Lakshmikhanth, Naveen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68-02

description: Gesture recognition is mainly apprehensive on analyzing the functionality of human wits. The main goal of gesture recognition is to create a system which can recognize specific human gestures and use them to convey information or for device control. Hand gestures provide a separate complementary modality to speech for expressing ones ideas. Information associated with hand gestures in a conversation is degree,discourse structure, spatial and temporal structure. The approaches present can be mainly divided into Data-Glove Based and Vision Based approaches. An important face feature point is the nose tip. Since nose is the highest protruding point from the face. Besides that, it is not affected by facial expressions.Another important function of the nose is that it is able to indicate the head pose. Knowledge of the nose location will enable us to align an unknown 3D face with those in a face database. Eye detection is divided into eye position detection and eye contour detection. Existing works in eye detection can be classified into two major categories: traditional image-based passive approaches and the active IR based approaches. The former uses intensity and shape of eyes for detection and the latter works on the assumption that eyes have a reflection under near IR illumination and produce bright/dark pupil effect. The traditional methods can be broadly classified into three categories: template based methods,appearance based methods and feature based methods. The purpose of this paper is to compare various human Gesture recognition systems for interfacing machines directly to human wits without any corporeal media in an ambient environment.
description: 12 PAGES
Deciphering the respiratory toxicity of polymyxins: A cellular imaging and systems approach
Creators: name: MAIZBHA UDDIN AHMED
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Inhaled delivery of polymyxins is important for respiratory infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to almost all current antibiotics. Unfortunately, the current dosage regimens have not been optimised yet using PK/PD, which may result in potential respiratory toxicity. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the mechanisms of polymyxin-induced respiratory toxicity and develop safer therapies using cell biology and systems biology approaches.
Committee-Based Sample Selection for Probabilistic Classifiers
Creators: name: Argamon-Engelson, S.
name: Dagan, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many real-world learning tasks, it is expensive to acquire a sufficient number of labeled examples for training. This paper investigates methods for reducing annotation cost by `sample selection'. In this approach, during training the learning program examines many unlabeled examples and selects for labeling only those that are most informative at each stage. This avoids redundantly labeling examples that contribute little new information. Our work follows on previous research on Query By Committee, extending the committee-based paradigm to the context of probabilistic classification. We describe a family of empirical methods for committee-based sample selection in probabilistic classification models, which evaluate the informativeness of an example by measuring the degree of disagreement between several model variants. These variants (the committee) are drawn randomly from a probability distribution conditioned by the training set labeled so far. The method was applied to the real-world natural language processing task of stochastic part-of-speech tagging. We find that all variants of the method achieve a significant reduction in annotation cost, although their computational efficiency differs. In particular, the simplest variant, a two member committee with no parameters to tune, gives excellent results. We also show that sample selection yields a significant reduction in the size of the model used by the tagger.
Kinematic Self-Similar Heat Conducting and Charge Solutions
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Javed, Wajiha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The objective of this paper is to study the plane symmetric kinematic self-similar heat conducting fluid and charge dust solutions of the Einstein field equations. These solutions are classified according to self-similarity of the first, second, zeroth and infinite kinds with different equations of state. We take the self-similar vector to be tilted, orthogonal and parallel to the fluid flow. For heat conducting fluid, it is found that there exist only \emph{one} solution in parallel case. In all other possibilities, these solutions reduce to the perfect fluid kinematic self-similar solutions. For charge dust case, we also obtain only \emph{one} kinematic self-similar solution.
description: 17 pages, no figure
Evolutionary Algorithms for Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Grefenstette, J. J.
name: Moriarty, D. E.
name: Schultz, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There are two distinct approaches to solving reinforcement learning problems, namely, searching in value function space and searching in policy space. Temporal difference methods and evolutionary algorithms are well-known examples of these approaches. Kaelbling, Littman and Moore recently provided an informative survey of temporal difference methods. This article focuses on the application of evolutionary algorithms to the reinforcement learning problem, emphasizing alternative policy representations, credit assignment methods, and problem-specific genetic operators. Strengths and weaknesses of the evolutionary approach to reinforcement learning are presented, along with a survey of representative applications.
A Theoretic Review of Centrality-Dependent Direct Photon pt spectra in Au+Au Collisions at 200 GeV
Creators: name: Liu, Fu-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently published PHENIX data of direct photons at low pt from Au+Au collisions at the BNL relativestic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energy 200 GeV have attracted a lot of theoretic interest. Here I review our theoretical calculation which successfully reproduces the measured pt spectra of direct photons from Au+Au at different centralities over a wide pt range, in order to show a close relation between hadronic observables and those of direct photons.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Hard Probe 2010 conference proceeding
Films with the discrete nano-DLC-particles as the field emission cascade
Creators: name: Song, Fengqi
name: Zhou, Feng
name: Bu, Haijun
name: Wang, Xiaoshu
name: He, Longbing
name: Han, Min
name: Wan, Jianguo
name: Zhou, Jianfeng
name: Wang, Guanghou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The films with the discrete diamond-like-carbon nanoparticles were prepared by the deposition of the carbon nanoparticle beam. Their morphologies were imaged by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The nanoparticles were found distributed on the silicon (100) substrate discretely. The semisphere shapes of the nanoparticles were demonstrated by the AFM line profile. EELS was measured and the sp3 ratio as high as 86% was found. The field-induced electron emission of the as-prepared cascade (nanoDLC/ Si) was tested and the current density of 1mA/cm2 was achieved at 10.2V/μm.
Critical analysis of data concerning Saccharomyces cerevisiae free-cell proliferations and fermentations assisted by magnetic and electromagnetic fields
Creators: name: Hristov, Jordan
name: Perez, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The review analyses studies on magnetically assisted proliferations and batch fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. The results available in the literature are contradictory and show two tendencies: magnetic field suppression of the cell growth and positive effects in batch fermentation with increasing both biomass and metabolite production. The amount of data analyzed allows several concepts existing in the literature to be outlined and critically commented. Further, a new concept of magnetically induced micro-dynamos, recently conceived, is developed towards a unified explanation of the results provided by proliferation and batch fermentation experiments
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, 88 references
Intestinal microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in the non-obese diabetic mouse
Creators: name: Brown, Kirsty
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: Accumulating evidence supports the idea that intestinal microbes are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) through the gut-pancreas nexus. While it has been hypothesized that a “leaky” gut could facilitate exposure to microbial antigens and accelerate diabetes onset, the role of the microbiota and their effect on intestinal inflammation and barrier function have not been well studied. Our aim was to determine if the intestinal microbiota in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model plays a causal role in diabetes onset through a leaky and inflamed gut. To examine the effect of the intestinal microbiota on the onset of T1D we manipulated gut microbes by: 1) fecal transplantation between diabetic susceptible (NOD) and resistant (NOR) mice and 2) antibiotic and probiotic treatment of NOD mice. We monitored diabetes onset, determined microbial community structure using high throughput sequencing, examined intestinal inflammation by qPCR, barrier function using FITC-dextran, and quantified testosterone and insulin auto-antibodies in the sera. We found that fecal transplantation of NOD microbes induced insulitis in the NOR host supporting the idea that the microbiome from NOD mice is “diabetogenic” or diabetes-inducing. Furthermore, peri-natal antibiotic exposure resulted in accelerated diabetes onset in NOD mice accompanied by the production of insulin auto-antibodies, independent of a leaky gut. Neither transplantation of microbes from NOR mice nor probiotics (VSL3) were able to reverse diabetes progression in NOD mice. Antibiotic treatment resulted in lower diversity and decreased levels of several commensal microbes. The microbiota of vancomycin-treated NOD mice were enriched in pathobionts like Enterobacteriaceae and depleted of beneficial microbes like segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB). This corresponded with increased colonic inflammation, the loss of Th17 associated cytokines and decreased testosterone. Despite accelerated diabetes, neomycin-treated NOD mice contained SFB and had similar Th17-associated cytokines and serum testosterone levels as untreated NODs, indicating that SFB alone is not sufficient to protect against the effects of the diabetogenic microbiome. We conclude that NOD mice harbor gut microbes that induce diabetes which cannot be overcome by the presence of protective microbes like SFB or addition of probiotics and that antibiotics accelerate diabetes by augmenting the diabetogenic microbiome.
Markov Localization for Mobile Robots in Dynamic Environments
Creators: name: Burgard, W.
name: Fox, D.
name: Thrun, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Localization, that is the estimation of a robot's location from sensor data, is a fundamental problem in mobile robotics. This papers presents a version of Markov localization which provides accurate position estimates and which is tailored towards dynamic environments. The key idea of Markov localization is to maintain a probability density over the space of all locations of a robot in its environment. Our approach represents this space metrically, using a fine-grained grid to approximate densities. It is able to globally localize the robot from scratch and to recover from localization failures. It is robust to approximate models of the environment (such as occupancy grid maps) and noisy sensors (such as ultrasound sensors). Our approach also includes a filtering technique which allows a mobile robot to reliably estimate its position even in densely populated environments in which crowds of people block the robot's sensors for extended periods of time. The method described here has been implemented and tested in several real-world applications of mobile robots, including the deployments of two mobile robots as interactive museum tour-guides.
Energy of Bardeen Model Using Approximate Symmetry Method
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Waheed, Saira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the energy problem in general relativity using approximate Lie symmetry methods for differential equations. This procedure is applied to Bardeen model (the regular black hole solution). Here we are forced to evaluate the third-order approximate symmetries of the orbital and geodesic equations. It is shown that energy must be re-scaled by some factor in the third-order approximation. We discuss the insights of this re-scaling factor.
description: 14 pages, no figure, accepted for publication in Physica Scripta
Feuilletage de Hirsch, mesure harmonique, et g-mesure
Creators: name: Deroin, Bertrand
name: Vernicos, Constantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A30, 37C85

description: Les feuilletages de Hirsch sont des feuilletages par surfaces de variétés compactes fermées de dimension 3, dont la dynamique transverse est celle d'un endomorphisme du cercle de degré strictement supérieur à 1. Le but de cette note est de construire, à partir d'une g-mesure associée à un tel endomorphisme, une mesure harmonique sur le feuilletage de Hirsch correspondant, au sens de Lucy Garnett. Ceci nous permet de donner des exemples de métriques riemanniennes sur le fibré tangent du feuilletage de Hirsch, lisses le long des feuilles et continues transversalement, pour lesquelles il existe plusieurs mesures harmoniques. De tels exemples montrent que le résultat d'unique ergodicité obtenu par le premier auteur et Victor Kleptsyn pour les feuilletages transversalement conformes [GAFA, 2007, Vol. 17, No 4, 1043-1105] n'est valable que lorsque la métrique riemannienne est Höldérienne transversalement, mais pas juste continue.
Decentralized Markets versus Central Control: A Comparative Study
Creators: name: Akkermans, H.
name: Ygge, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) promise to offer solutions to problems where established, older paradigms fall short. In order to validate such claims that are repeatedly made in software agent publications, empirical in-depth studies of advantages and weaknesses of multi-agent solutions versus conventional ones in practical applications are needed. Climate control in large buildings is one application area where multi-agent systems, and market-oriented programming in particular, have been reported to be very successful, although central control solutions are still the standard practice. We have therefore constructed and implemented a variety of market designs for this problem, as well as different standard control engineering solutions. This article gives a detailed analysis and comparison, so as to learn about differences between standard versus agent approaches, and yielding new insights about benefits and limitations of computational markets. An important outcome is that "local information plus market communication produces global control".
Size dependent electric voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy in multiferroic heterostructures: Interface-charge and strain co-mediated magnetoelectric coupling
Creators: name: Hu, Jia-Mian
name: Nan, Ce-Wen
name: Chen, Long-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a phenomenological scheme to study the size-dependent electric voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic (FM)/ferroelectric (FE) heterostructures. The FM layers are either metallic Fe(001), Ni(001), Co(0001), or half-metallic (La, Sr)MnO3 films. Two magnetoelectric mechanisms, i.e., interface-charge and strain-mediated couplings, are considered. We show that the interface-charge mediated coupling is the main mechanism for the magnetoelectic coupling when the FM film thickness is below a certain transition thickness dtr while the strain-mediated coupling dominates above dtr.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Two-step splitting the expandable graphite for few-layer graphene
Creators: name: Liao, Kaiming
name: Ding, Wangfeng
name: Qin, Yuyuan
name: Li, Zhaoguo
name: Chen, Taishi
name: Wan, Jianguo
name: Song, Fengqi
name: Han, Min
name: Wang, Guanghou
name: Zhou, Jianfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Few-layer graphene sheets are prepared by splitting the expanded graphites using a high-power sonication. Atomic-level quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy (Q-STEM) is employed to carry out the efficient layer statisticsm, enabling global optimization of the experimental conditions. A two-step splitting mechanism is thus revealed, in which the mean layer number was firstly reduced to less than 20 by heating to 1100°C and then tuned to the few-layer region by a 5-minute 104W/litre sonication. Raman spectroscopic analysis confirms the above mechanism and demonstrates that the sheets are largely free of defects and oxides.
Additional file 1 of Evaluating satisfaction with the quality and provision of end-of-life care for patients from diverse ethnocultural backgrounds
Creators: name: Nayfeh, Ayah
name: Yarnell, Christopher J.
name: Dale, Craig
name: Conn, Lesley Gotlib
name: Hales, Brigette
name: Gupta, Tracey Das
name: Chakraborty, Anita
name: Pinto, Ruxandra
name: Taggar, Ru
name: Fowler, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Geo-Historical information of Melojo (Quercus pyrenaica) forests of Sierra Nevada
Creators: name: Perez-Luque, Antonio J
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: forest
Sierra Nevada
Quercus pyrenaica
global change

description: This project aims to collect geospatial information about several socioecological features related with Melojo oak (Quercus pyrenaica) in Sierra Nevada (southern Spain)
Electron-phonon scattering in topological insulators
Creators: name: Giraud, Sébastien
name: Egger, Reinhold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate and apply a theory of electron-phonon interactions for the surface state of a strong topological insulator. Phonons are modelled using an isotropic elastic continuum theory with stress-free boundary conditions and interact with the Dirac surface fermions via the deformation potential. We discuss the temperature dependence of the quasi-particle lifetime in photoemission and of the surface resistivity.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Following a consumer driven health priority from policy to practice: Including patients in decisions about their care
Creators: name: WADDELL, ALEXANDRA LOUISE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420312
subject: Implementation science and evaluation
classificationCode: 429999
subject: Other health sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 440706
subject: Health policy

description: Shared Decision Making (SDM) is an interactive process through which patients and clinicians come to a decision regarding the patient’s treatment. SDM is said to improve health outcomes and healthcare utilisation. Given the benefits of SDM health services are required to implement SDM. This PhD explored the barriers and facilitators to SDM from the perspective of multiple stakeholders from policy to practice and co-designed theory-informed interventions to address these using behavioural science. Findings provide a framework through which health services can meet their policy requirements while upholding the right of patients to be included in decisions about their care.
Reasoning about Minimal Belief and Negation as Failure
Creators: name: Rosati, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the problem of reasoning in the propositional fragment of MBNF, the logic of minimal belief and negation as failure introduced by Lifschitz, which can be considered as a unifying framework for several nonmonotonic formalisms, including default logic, autoepistemic logic, circumscription, epistemic queries, and logic programming. We characterize the complexity and provide algorithms for reasoning in propositional MBNF. In particular, we show that entailment in propositional MBNF lies at the third level of the polynomial hierarchy, hence it is harder than reasoning in all the above mentioned propositional formalisms for nonmonotonic reasoning. We also prove the exact correspondence between negation as failure in MBNF and negative introspection in Moore's autoepistemic logic.
Additional file 1 of Clinical characteristics and outcomes of neonates with polymicrobial ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit
Creators: name: Wang, Hsiao-Chin
name: Tsai, Ming-Horng
name: Chu, Shih-Ming
name: Liao, Chen-Chu
name: Lai, Mei-Yin
name: Huang, Hsuan-Rong
name: Chiang, Ming-Chou
name: Fu, Ren-Huei
name: Hsu, Jen-Fu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Diagnostic criteria for neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia in this study, based on the CDC criteria [1].