cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The Changes in Ultrastructure and Transparency in Chemically or Physically Altered Rabbit Cornea
Creators: name: Connon, Ché John
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2000

description: This thesis describes an x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of rabbit comeal ultrastructure. The healing of partial and full thickness wounds in both old and young subjects, with or without the application of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) was followed. The implications for light scattering following the refractive surgery photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or comeaplasty (hyaluronidase treatment) was also studied.

XRD was used to accurately measure the spacing and alignment of collagen and its constituent molecules whereas TEM was used to study the degree of stromal disorder and the measurement of either proteoglycans (PGs), or the positions and diameter of collagen fibrils following comeal alteration. Resultant haze was measured by slit- lamp or normal photography. From these measurements, comeal transparency was estimated using a theoretical light scattering model, the ‘direct summation of fields’ model, (Freund et al., 1986; 1995).

Both full and partial thickness wounds (caused by trephine or PRK respectively) showed a similar response to wound healing. In both types of wound fibrillar order moved towards a normal value with time. The mean PG size increased in response to both types of wound and more so in full thickness wounds. Neither type of wound returned to its normal haze value but stromal order did increase, indicating that healing took place. This was to a slower extent in the full thickness wounds probably due to increased wound volume. Full thickness wounds also demonstrated fibrils spreading across the wound from a tightly packed position at the wound edge, and an inability to swell. PRK on different age groups suggested an age dependent response to healing with younger animals displaying less haze, less PG content and having a wider variation in interfibrillar spacings. Tissue in this type of wound was shown to be highly hydrated, this was reduced by M6P with a concurrent decrease in PG content but no reduction in associated haze.

Comeaplasty resulted in a compression of the fibril packing leading to a small loss of transparency but deemed unlikely to cause visual impairment. PRK of both old and young corneas also resulted in a small loss of transparency leading to the conclusion that haze following PRK is not necessarily caused by fibril disorder.
Monetary shocks and real farm prices
Creators: name: Rapach, Jr., David Eugene
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: The effect of monetary policy on the farm sector is the subject of much recent research in agricultural economics. Unfortunately, studies attempting to quantify the effects of monetary disturbances on real farm prices report conflicting results: some find that positive monetary shocks increase real farm price in the short run; others detect no such effects. This dissertation offers a resolution to these conflicting findings. Versions of existing models are reestimated using a common data set. When sample periods corresponding to the original studies are used, the conflicting results are confirmed. In contrast, when samples are updated through 1993, all models supply essentially the same result: monetary shocks do not affect real farm price. However, existing empirical models have important shortcomings, To address these, the recently developed "structural" vector autoregression methodology (SVAR) is employed. Once non-monetary macroeconomic factors are accounted for in SVAR models, monetary shocks do not significantly affect real farm price. Moreover, non-monetary macro shocks--aggregate spending and supply shocks--have significant effects on real farm price.
Distribution of the Time Between Maximum and Minimum of Random Walks
Creators: name: Mori, Francesco
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a one-dimensional Brownian motion of fixed duration $T$. Using a path-integral technique, we compute exactly the probability distribution of the difference $τ=t_{\min}-t_{\max}$ between the time $t_{\min}$ of the global minimum and the time $t_{\max}$ of the global maximum. We extend this result to a Brownian bridge, i.e. a periodic Brownian motion of period $T$. In both cases, we compute analytically the first few moments of $τ$, as well as the covariance of $t_{\max}$ and $t_{\min}$, showing that these times are anti-correlated. We demonstrate that the distribution of $τ$ for Brownian motion is valid for discrete-time random walks with $n$ steps and with a finite jump variance, in the limit $n\to \infty$. In the case of Lévy flights, which have a divergent jump variance, we numerically verify that the distribution of $τ$ differs from the Brownian case. For random walks with continuous and symmetric jumps we numerically verify that the probability of the event "$τ= n$" is exactly $1/(2n)$ for any finite $n$, independently of the jump distribution. Our results can be also applied to describe the distance between the maximal and minimal height of $(1+1)$-dimensional stationary-state Kardar-Parisi-Zhang interfaces growing over a substrate of finite size $L$. Our findings are confirmed by numerical simulations. Some of these results have been announced in a recent Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 200201 (2019)].
description: 33 pages, 12 figures. This is a longer version of arXiv:1909.05594, published in Physical Review Letters. Typos corrected
Warm water vapor envelope in the supergiants alf Ori and alf Her and its effects on the apparent size from the near-infrared to the mid-infrared
Creators: name: Ohnaka, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a possible interpretation for the increase of the angular diameter of the supergiants alf Ori (M1-2 Ia-Ibe) and alf Her (M5 Ib-II) from the K band to the 11 micron region and the high-resolution 11 micron spectra without any salient spectral features revealed by Weiner et al. (2003). The angular diameters as well as the high-resolution spectra of alf Ori and alf Her obtained in the 11 micron region can be reproduced by a warm water vapor envelope, whose presence in alf Ori was revealed by Tsuji (2000) based on the reanalysis of the near-infrared data obtained with the Stratoscope II. While prominent absorption due to H2O can be expected from such a dense, warm water vapor envelope, the absorption lines can be filled in by emission from the extended part of the envelope. This effect leads to a significant weakening of the H2O lines in the 11 micron region, and makes the observed spectra appear to be rather featureless and continuum-like. However, the emission due to H2O lines from the extended envelope leads to an increase of the apparent size in this spectral region. The observed angular diameter and the high resolution spectra of alf Ori and alf Her in the 11 micron region can be best interpreted by the water vapor envelope extending to 1.4--1.5 Rstar, with a temperature of about 2000 K and a column density of H2O of the order of 10^20 cm^-2.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Gender differences in the transition to adulthood: An examination of work and family patterns for two cohorts of high school graduates
Creators: name: Shafer, Linda Louise
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Gender differences and the effects of social and economic changes on family and work patterns and economic outcomes of two cohorts of high school graduates making the transition to adulthood are explored. Data are from two national, longitudinal panel studies conducted by the U.S. Department of Education on the high school graduating classes of 1972 and 1980. The report covers the first five years after high school. Gender differences of whites and blacks are analyzed separately. Results indicate lower economic returns for the later cohort, particularly for men, compared to the earlier cohort. White women were least likely to be affected in their family formation patterns by changes over the decade. More members of the 1972 cohort attained the transition to adult status than was the case for the 1980 cohort. White women of the 1980 cohort were more continuously employed than those of the 1972 cohort. Economic transformation has been particularly devastating on the marriage rates of black men and women of the 1980 cohort. Black and white women of the later cohort were more likely to be single parents than those of the 1972 cohort.
Assessing the structural heterogeneity of supercooled liquids through community inference
Creators: name: Paret, Joris
name: Jack, Robert L.
name: Coslovich, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an information-theoretic approach inspired by distributional clustering to assess the structural heterogeneity of particulate systems. Our method identifies communities of particles that share a similar local structure by harvesting the information hidden in the spatial variation of two- or three-body static correlations. This corresponds to an unsupervised machine learning approach that infers communities solely from the particle positions and their species. We apply this method to three models of supercooled liquids and find that it detects subtle forms of local order, as demonstrated by a comparison with the statistics of Voronoi cells. Finally, we analyze the time-dependent correlation between structural communities and particle mobility and show that our method captures relevant information about glassy dynamics.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures. Data relevant to this work are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3653942
Chromosome identification in papaya (Carica papaya)
Creators: name: Haque, M. A.
name: Haque, M. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Individual chromosome
subject: Karyotype
subject: Papaya

description: An experiment was conducted to investigate the general cytological condition of papaya. Seed germinated healthy roots were collected from the three different strains of papaya cultivars (P-1, P-2 & P-3). Slides were prepared following 2.5 hours of pretreatment by saturated aqueous solution of monobromonaphthalene (MBN), hydrolysis in 10% HC1 for 10 minutes at 60°C, Mordanting in 2% iron-alum for 4 minutes and staining in 0.5% haematoxyline for 4 minutes-schedule. Chromosome preparations were done so as to obtain them in well spread condition and in one focal plane of the microscope objective lens. Chromosome measurements were done from the prints of the photomicrographs of the chromosome plates. In all the three papaya strains 2n = 18 chromosomes were found. The diploid complement contained two pairs of satellited chromosomes. The range of the total length of the individual chromosome was 9.3 11 to16.0 pt in P-1, 7.21...t to 16.0 v. in P-2 and 9.211 to 18.0 pi, in P-3. Though general composition of the haploid karyotype in the three papaya strains studied was same, yet some variation in respect of length and arm ratio of the individual chromosome exists. Thus, it is apparent that some degree of karyotypic variation is occurring among the strain' s studied. It is also assumed that karyotypic difference as occurring in these- papaya strains could be due to structural changes of some chromosomes.
The effect of magnetic field on the two superconducting gaps in MgB2
Creators: name: Bugoslavsky, Y.
name: Miyoshi, Y.
name: Perkins, G. K.
name: Caplin, A. D.
name: Cohen, L. F.
name: Pogrebnyakov, A. V.
name: Xi, X. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double-gap superconductivity in an epitaxial MgB2 film has been studied by means of point-contact spectroscopy in magnetic field up to 8 Tesla. The relatively fast disappearance of the feature associated with the pi-band gap at a field around 1 T is caused by the line broadening due to strong pair breaking rather than to a collapse of the double-gap state. This pair breaking was found to increase linearly with field. Field dependences of the order parameters Delta_pi and Delta_sigma in the pi and sigma bands were measured in field applied parallel and perpendicular to the film, at T = 4.2 K. In perpendicular field, both order parameters survive to a common Hc2, which is about 6.5 T for this direction. In parallel field, the decrease of Delta_sigma is much more gradual, consistent with the Hc2 being about 4 times greater in this ori-entation. The difference in Delta_pi measured in the two field orientations is however smaller than the difference of Delta_sigma. We compare these results with the data on tunnelling spectroscopy and specific heat measurements of MgB2 single crystals and find consistency between the different experimental approaches.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures Revised: discussion of the distribution of gap values
Effect of level of nitrogen and date of transplanting on the yield and yield attributes of transplant aman rice under SRI method
Creators: name: Salam, M. A.
name: Ali, Forhad
name: Anwar, M. P.
name: Bhuiya, M. S. U.
name: Salam, M. A.
name: Ali, Forhad
name: Anwar, M. P.
name: Bhuiya, M. S. U.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Nitrogen level
subject: Date of transplanting
subject: SRI method

description: An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from July to December 2003. The experiment consisted of two factors, four levels of nitrogen viz., (i) control (0 kg nitrogen ha-1), (ii) 40 kg nitrogen ha-1 (50% of the BRRI recommended dose), (iii) 80 kg nitrogen ha-1 (100% of the BRRI recommended dose) and (iv) 120 kg nitrogen ha-1 (150% of the BRRI recommended dose) and four dates of transplanting viz., (i) 15 July, (ii) 30 July, (iii) 14 August and (iv) 29 August 2003. Nitrogen level had significant effect on plant height, total tillers hill-1 and grain yield. The highest grain yield was recorded from the application of 80 kg nitrogen ha-1(100% of the recommended dose). Date of transplanting had significant effect on all the yield and yield contributing characters of rice except straw yield and harvest index. The highest grain yield was recorded from 30 July transplanting. Eighty-kg nitrogen coupled with 30 July transplanting produced the highest grain yield of transplant aman rice cv. BRRI dhan31.
Influence of planting pattern on the yield and yield attributes of boro rice varieties
Creators: name: Ali, M. Y.
name: Ahmed, M.
name: Hossain, S. M. A.
name: Jahiruddin, M.
name: Ali, M. Y.
name: Ahmed, M.
name: Hossain, S. M. A.
name: Jahiruddin, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Planting pattern
subject: Rice varieties
subject: Grain yield

description: A split-plot designed experiment having three replications was conducted under the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural university, Mymensingh during boro season of 2000-2001 to evaluate the influence of planting pattern on the yield and yield attributes of boro rice varieties. Two modern varieties of boro rice [BINA dhan6 and BRRI dhan29) were transplanted in twelve planting patterns [four single rows viz. 25 cm x 20 cm, 25 cm x17.5cm, 25 cm x 15cm, 25 cm x 12.5cm and eight paired rows viz. (25 cm + 15cm) x 20 cm, (25 cm + 15 cm) x 17.5cm, (25 cm + 15 cm) x 15cm, (25 cm + 15 cm) x 12.5cm, (35 cm + 15cm) x 20 cm, (35 cm + 15 cm) x 17.5cm, (35 cm + 15 cm) x 15cm, (35 cm + 15 cm) x 12.5cm]. It was found that, varieties were identical in respect of yield and most of the yield components. Planting pattern significantly influenced the yield and yield attributes. Generally, paired row planting and closer spacing produced higher yield. The highest grain yield (7.16 t ha-1) was obtained from (35cm + 15cm) x 12.5cm pattern, which was comparable to those of (35cm + 15cm) x 15cm and 25cm x 12.5cm patterns. Grain yield was the lowest (6.20 t ha-1) in 25cm x 20cm pattern. Yield and yield components did not vary significantly due to the interaction of variety and planting pattern.
Gender differences in the transition to adulthood: An examination of work and family patterns for two cohorts of high school graduates
Creators: name: Shafer, Linda Louise
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Gender differences and the effects of social and economic changes on family and work patterns and economic outcomes of two cohorts of high school graduates making the transition to adulthood are explored. Data are from two national, longitudinal panel studies conducted by the U.S. Department of Education on the high school graduating classes of 1972 and 1980. The report covers the first five years after high school. Gender differences of whites and blacks are analyzed separately. Results indicate lower economic returns for the later cohort, particularly for men, compared to the earlier cohort. White women were least likely to be affected in their family formation patterns by changes over the decade. More members of the 1972 cohort attained the transition to adult status than was the case for the 1980 cohort. White women of the 1980 cohort were more continuously employed than those of the 1972 cohort. Economic transformation has been particularly devastating on the marriage rates of black men and women of the 1980 cohort. Black and white women of the later cohort were more likely to be single parents than those of the 1972 cohort.
The global cropland footprint of the non-food bioeconomy
Creators: name: Bruckner, Martin
name: Giljum, Stefan
name: Fischer, Günther
name: Tramberend, Sylvia
name: Börner, Jan
name: Bruckner, Martin
name: Giljum, Stefan
name: Fischer, Günther
name: Tramberend, Sylvia
name: Börner, Jan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Bioeconomy, land footprint, non-food products, multi-regional input-output analysis, hybrid land flow accounting

description: A rapidly growing share of global agricultural areas is devoted to the production of biomass for non-food purposes. The derived products include, for example, biofuels, textiles, detergents or cosmetics. Given the far-reaching global implications of an expanding non-food bioeconomy, an assessment of the bioeconomy’s resource use from a footprint perspective is urgently needed. We determine the global cropland footprint of non-food products with a hybrid land flow accounting model combining data from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the multi-regional input-output model EXIOBASE. The globally interlinked model covers all cropland areas used for the production of crop- and animal-based non-food commodities for the years from 1995 to 2010. We analyse global patterns of raw material producers, processers and consumers of bio-based non-food products, with a particular focus on the European Union. Results illustrate that the EU is a major processer and the number one consumer region of non-food cropland, despite being only the fifth largest producing region. Two thirds of the cropland required to satisfy EU non-food consumption are located in other world regions, giving rise to a significant dependency on imported products and to potential impacts on distant ecosystems. With almost 29% in 2010, oilseed production, used to produce, for example, biofuels, detergents and polymers, represents the dominant share in the EU’s non-food cropland footprint. There is also a significant contribution of more traditional non-food biomass uses such as fibre crops (for textiles) and animal hides and skins (for leather products). Our study emphasises the importance of comprehensively assessing the implications of the non-food bioeconomy expansion as envisaged in various policy strategies, such as the Bioeconomy Strategy of the European Commission.
Optimal matroid bases with intersection constraints: Valuated matroids, M-convex functions, and their applications
Creators: name: Iwamasa, Yuni
name: Takazawa, Kenjiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For two matroids $M_1$ and $M_2$ with the same ground set $V$ and two cost functions $w_1$ and $w_2$ on $2^V$, we consider the problem of finding bases $X_1$ of $M_1$ and $X_2$ of $M_2$ minimizing $w_1(X_1)+w_2(X_2)$ subject to a certain cardinality constraint on their intersection $X_1 \cap X_2$. For this problem, Lendl, Peis, and Timmermans (2019) discussed modular cost functions: they reduced the problem to weighted matroid intersection for the case where the cardinality constraint is $|X_1 \cap X_2|\le k$ or $|X_1 \cap X_2|\ge k$; and designed a new primal-dual algorithm for the case where the constraint is $|X_1 \cap X_2|=k$. The aim of this paper is to generalize the problems to have nonlinear convex cost functions, and to comprehend them from the viewpoint of discrete convex analysis. We prove that each generalized problem can be solved via valuated independent assignment, valuated matroid intersection, or $\mathrm{M}$-convex submodular flow, to offer a comprehensive understanding of weighted matroid intersection with intersection constraints. We also show the NP-hardness of some variants of these problems, which clarifies the coverage of discrete convex analysis for those problems. Finally, we present applications of our generalized problems in the recoverable robust matroid basis problem, combinatorial optimization problems with interaction costs, and matroid congestion games.
description: This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Mathematical Programming. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-021-01625-2
Additional file 1 of Systems analysis and improvement approach to optimize the hypertension diagnosis and care cascade for PLHIV individuals (SAIA-HTN): a hybrid type III cluster randomized trial
Creators: name: Gimbel, Sarah
name: Mocumbi, Ana Olga
name: Ásbjörnsdóttir, Kristjana
name: Coutinho, Joana
name: Andela, Leonel
name: Cebola, Bonifacio
name: Craine, Heidi
name: Crocker, Jonny
name: Leecreesha Hicks
name: Holte, Sarah
name: Rodrigues Hossieke
name: Itai, Edgar
name: Levin, Carol
name: Manaca, Nelia
name: Murgorgo, Filipe
name: Nhumba, Miguel
name: Pfeiffer, James
name: Ramiro, Isaias
name: Keshet Ronen
name: Sotoodehnia, Nona
name: Onei Uetela
name: Anjuli Wagner
name: Weiner, Bryan J.
name: Sherr, Kenneth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional File 1: CONSORT Checklist Facility eligibility and randomization
Phenomenology of TeV Right-handed Neutrino and the Dark Matter Model
Creators: name: Cheung, Kingman
name: Seto, Osamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a model of TeV right-handed (RH) neutrino by Krauss, Nasri, and Trodden, the sub-eV scale neutrino masses are generated via a 3-loop diagram with the vanishing see-saw mass forbidden by a discrete symmetry, and the TeV mass RH neutrino is simultaneously a novel candidate for the cold dark matter. However, we show that with a single RH neutrino it is not possible to generate two mass-square differences as required by the oscillation data. We extend the model by introducing one more TeV RH neutrino and show that it is possible to satisfy the oscillation pattern within the modified model. After studying in detail the constraints coming from the dark matter, lepton flavor violation and the muon anomalous magnetic moment, and the neutrinoless double beta decay, we explore the parameter space and derive predictions of the model. Finally, we study the production and decay signatures of the TeV RH neutrinos at TeV $e^+ e^-/μ^+ μ^-$ colliders.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
title: The Decline of Infant Mortality in England and Wales 1871-1948: A Medical Conundrum. The Case of Lyncombe & Widcombe (Bath, Somerset) 1871-1911
Creators: name: Hack, Jane
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2000

description: According to civil registration data for England & Wales there was little or no change in the infant mortality rate during the nineteenth century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, however, rates began to decline rapidly, falling from 150 per 1,000 live births in 1900, to approximately 6 per 1,000 today. This dissertation, part of a wider research project, examines the pattern of infant mortality in the district of Lyncombe & Widcombe, Bath (Somerset) between the years 1871-1911. Particular attention has been paid to the area known as the Dolemeads, situated between the River Avon and the Kennet & Avon Canal. Data has been extracted from local primary sources such as Vaccination Registers and Medical Officer of Health Reports for the years 1871, 1892 and 1911, in order to study levels of infant mortality and to identify possible causes. The different variables examined include improvement to the urban environment, particularly the water supply, and to the domestic environment, including housing, infant feeding, socio-economic status and fertility decline. The main conclusion of this study is that the underlying IMR for Lyncombe & Widcombe declined throughout the period 1871-1911, in contrast to both the national trend and also the pattern of decline in other districts within the city. No single factor can be identified as having had the greatest impact on the reduction of infant deaths, however, improvements in living conditions including the provision of new Council-funded housing and better healthcare for nursing mothers, may have made a significant contribution to the decline.
Hunting for gravitational quantum spikes
Creators: name: Góźdź, Andrzej
name: Piechocki, Włodzimierz
name: Plewa, Grzegorz
name: Trześniewski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the result of our examination of quantum structures called quantum spikes. The classical spikes, that are known in gravitational systems, occur in the evolution of the inhomogeneous spacetimes. Different kind of spikes, which we name strange spikes, can be seen in the dynamics of the homogeneous sector of the Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz scenario. They can be made visible if the so-called inhomogeneous initial data are used. The question to be explored is whether the strange spikes may survive quantization. The answer is in the affirmative. However, this is rather a subtle effect that needs further examination using sophisticated analytical and numerical tools. The spikes seem to be of fundamental importance, both at classical and quantum levels, as they may serve as seeds of real structures in the universe.
description: 38 pages, 5 figures; version accepted for publication in Universe
Idealpolitik in United States foreign policy: The Reagan administration and the United States promotion of democracy
Creators: name: Cohn, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation examines the Reagan Administration's foreign policy, with attention to its policy of promoting democracy abroad, and the ideological underpinnings of that policy. It concludes that the Reagan Administration's worldview was neither realist nor idealist, but represents a third construct which the dissertation names idealpolitik. Idealpolitik offers another analytic framework, in addition to realism and idealism, with which to analyze foreign policy. The roots of idealpolitik can be found in NSC 68 and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) political action programs carried out between 1948 and 1976, but the Reagan Administration's democracy promotion policy constitutes a more coherent rendering of this worldview. A comparative case study approach is used to examine the ideological framework adopted by the Reagan Administration and to contrast it to the two alternate worldviews (realism and idealism) that were manifest in the Nixon and Carter Administrations, respectively. The Reagan Administration's democracy promotion initiative, and a new foreign policy vehicle called the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) that was created to carry out Reagan's policy, are examined in detail. For comparative purposes, the NED's antecedents, i.e., CIA covert activities of previous Administrations, are also reviewed. Traditionally, U.S. foreign policy analyses assume that realism is both the operating paradigm of policymakers and the appropriate analytic lens for understanding U.S. policy. There has been an occasional, dismissive nod given to idealism, relegating it to Woodrow Wilson's discredited approach, but as this dissertation shows, a more recent president, Jimmy Carter, embraced idealism. This dissertation demonstrates that neither realism nor idealism adequately describes the Reagan Administration's worldview, but that idealpolitik does. The significance of this dissertation lies in its identification of idealpolitik as a distinctive framework through which U.S. foreign policy has been conceptualized by policymakers. This is particularly important and timely because idealpolitik continues to offer the best description of the worldviews of the Administrations that have followed Reagan.
Adaptive Multi-Receiver Coded Slotted ALOHA for Indoor Optical Wireless Communications
Creators: name: Vukobratovic, Dejan
name: Escribano, Francisco J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we design a novel high-throughput random access scheme for an indoor optical wireless communication (OWC) massive Internet of Things (IoT) scenario. Due to the large density of both IoT devices and OWC access points (APs), we base the proposed scheme on multi-receiver coded slotted ALOHA. In this scenario, collisions at APs are resolved by a centralized interference cancellation decoder that may exploit both spatial and temporal diversity. By applying adaptive control of each OWC AP field of view (FOV), the proposed system is able to dynamically adapt to different IoT device activation rates, in order to maintain a high total throughput. Using illustrative simulation results, we demonstrate the design methodology and performance possibilities of the proposed method.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication at IEEE Communications Letters
On the Enumeration of a Certain Type of Hyperplane Arrangements
Creators: name: Kumar, C P Anil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 52C35, Secondary: 51H10, 14P10, 14P25

description: In this article we prove in the main theorem that, there is a bijection between the isomorphism classes of a certain type of real hyperplane arrangements on the one hand, and the antipodal pairs of convex cones of an associated discriminantal arrangement on the other hand. The type of hyperplane arrangements considered and the isomorphism classes have been defined precisely. As a consequence we enumerate such isomorphism classes by computing the characteristic polynomial of the discriminantal arrangement. With a certain restriction, the enumerated value is shown to be independent of the discriminantal arrangement. Later we observe that the restriction we impose on the type of hyperplane arrangements is a mild one and that this conditional restriction is quite generic. Moreover the restriction is defined in terms of a normal system being concurrency free which is a generic condition. We also discuss two examples of normal systems which are not concurrency free in the last section and enumerate the number of isomorphism classes.
description: 32 pages, 4 Figures, Accepted in Proceedings Mathematical Sciences: The Indian Academy of Sciences, Oct. 2020
Decay and electromagnetic production of strongly coupled quarkonia in pNRQCD
Creators: name: Brambilla, Nora
name: Chung, Hee Sok
name: Müller, Daniel
name: Vairo, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We improve the pNRQCD approach to annihilation processes of heavy quarkonium and make first pNRQCD predictions for exclusive electromagnetic production of heavy quarkonium. We consider strongly coupled quarkonia, i.e., quarkonia that are not Coulombic bound states. Possible strongly coupled quarkonia include excited charmonium and bottomonium states. For these, pNRQCD provides expressions for the decay and exclusive electromagnetic production NRQCD matrix elements that depend on the wavefunctions at the origin and few universal gluon field correlators. We compute electromagnetic decay widths and exclusive production cross sections, and inclusive decay widths into light hadrons for $P$-wave quarkonia at relative order $v^2$ and leading order, respectively. We also compute the decay widths of $2S$ and $3S$ bottomonium states into lepton pairs and their ratios with the inclusive widths into light hadrons at relative order $v^2$.
description: 50 pages, 4 figures, 12 tables, minor revisions, version published in JHEP
Closer towards inflation in string theory
Creators: name: Firouzjahi, Hassan
name: Tye, S. -H. Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In brane inflation, the relative brane position in the bulk of a brane world is the inflaton. For branes moving in a compact manifold, the approximate translational (or shift) symmetry is necessary to suppress the inflaton mass, which then allows a slow-roll phase for enough inflation. Following recent works, we discuss how inflation may be achieved in superstring theory. Imposing the shift symmetry, we obtain the condition on the superpotential needed for inflation and suggest how this condition may be naturally satisfied.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure. Two references and few comments added
Epidemiology of child homicides in Cook County, IL, 2005-2010
Creators: name: Lopez, Nicholas Adam
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: public health
subject: Homicide
subject: Infant
subject: Child
subject: Adolescent
subject: Cook County (Ill.)

description: A Northwestern University Capstone Project
description: Background: Violence against children is a serious public health issue, and violence is a major cause of mortality among children. Cook County, IL, which houses Chicago, has drawn attention for its high levels of firearm and street violence. Little information is available surrounding homicide of children aged 0 to 14 in Cook County. Methods: Surveillance data from the Illinois Violent Death Reporting System (IVDRS) was used to identify children 14 years and younger who had been victims of homicide, accidental gunshot death, or suicide in Cook County, IL between the years 2005-2010. The demographics of the victims and perpetrators were described as well as circumstances surrounding the victims deaths. Results: Between 2005 and 2010 in Cook County, IL there were 173 cases of child homicide (<14 years old). The two ages groups with the highest incidence of homicide victims were 0-12 months (27.3%) and 13-14 years (24.4%). The most common victims were males (64.7%), blacks (68.8%), and died in the city of Chicago (73.0%). There were 57 firearm related homicides (32.9%) and 52 homicides related to abusive head trauma (30.1%). Young children most often killed at the hands of caregivers while older children are more likely to have deaths perpetrated by nonfamily members relating to street and gang violence. Children whose families had a prior documented history of child abuse were more likely to be killed in their home (p<0.001), be killed by their father (p<0.001) or mothers male partner (p<0.001).
Measuring Scale and Technical Change from Observable Data Under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Flacco, Paul R.
name: Larson, Douglas M.
name: Flacco, Paul R.
name: Larson, Douglas M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Returns to scale and technological change can be measured without econometric estimation for industries with output price uncertainty using panel data. Since expected utility maximization implies cost minimization, with panel data it is possible to approximate marginal cost using observed prices and quantities, from which scale and productivity measures follow.
Photoproduction of eta-mesons from light nuclei
Creators: name: Krusche, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a series of experiments coherent and quasifree eta-photoproduction from light nuclei (4He, 3He, 2H) was investigated with the TAPS-detector at the Mainz MAMI-accelerator. The experiments were motivated by two different subjects: the determination of the isospin structure of the electromagnetic excitation of the S11(1535) resonance and the study of the eta-nucleon and eta-nucleus interaction at small momenta. The results for the deuteron and 4He are summarized and first preliminary results for 3He are presented.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of Meson2002 workshop, Krakau
Ticket Stub from Chicago (Loop) to Fort Sheridan
Creators: name: Chicago, North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1940
Subjects: subject: World War II
subject: 12th General Hospital
subject: Railroad tickets

description: Ticket stub for Chicago (Loop) to Fort Sheridan, issued by Chicago, North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad.
title: Exhumation of blueschist-facies assemblages from Western Turkey : the significance of 40Ar-39Ar ages and excess argon in a HPLT terrain
Creators: name: Sherlock, Sarah Christine
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1999

description: The Tavsanli Zone of northwest Turkey is a tract of metacherts, metapelites and metabasite lithologies that have undergone a single metamorphic cycle in the lawsonite-blueschist, epidote-blueschist and low-temperature eclogite sub-facies. These deeply subducted rocks which formed during late Cretaceous closure of the Tethys Ocean reached minimum pressures of 24 ± 2 kbar and temperatures of approximately 500° C in the eastern regions, and 20 ± 2 kbar and 400° C in the central and western regions. The difference in metamorphic pressures between the east and west regions of the Tavsanli Zone are attributed to different locations of the rocks within the subducting slab. Syn-subduction exhumation brought the rocks up from depths of 75 km to the base of the continental crust. Metamorphism took place under fluid-absent conditions, in part due to the incorporation of large quantities of water into the lawsonite. Subduction ended by approximately 70 Ma and the ensuing exhumation during continent-continent collision took place by thrusting.

 Rb-Sr and 40Ar-39Ar geochronological techniques have been applied to phengites from the Tavsanli Zone and indicate that white mica crystallisation and the onset of exhumation occurred at 79 to 82 Ma. Ultra-violet laser, infra-red laser and furnace step-heating 40Ar-39Ar techniques confirm that the rocks of the Tavsanli Zone contain excess argon, which has probably built up in the grain-boundary network during the single metamorphic cycle. The variable concentrations of excess argon correlate with lithological type, reflecting low mobility of argon. This is consistent with vapour-absent metamorphism as inferred from metamorphic petrology.
An Investigation into the Application and Environmental Impact of the UBC Mugshare Program
Creators: name: Pilcher, Sierra
name: Dixon, Jack
name: Kaczkowski, Gareth
name: Watt, Ryan
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: In order to evaluate the viability of the Mugshare program at the University of British Columbia’s Vancouver campus, the program should be analysed using a triple bottom line assessment involving environmental, social, and economical factors. The scope of this report is analyzing the public awareness of the program, the economic feasibility of the current deposit, and environmental impacts of using reusable stainless steel mugs. The methods used in this analysis are gathered from academic articles, and trusted web resources. The topics mentioned above are examined in detail, with a slight emphasis on evaluating the presently used stainless steel mugs. The goal of the Mugshare program is to reduce the waste created on campus by the incorrect disposal of single-use paper cups. Currently, the Mugshare program seeks to do this by lending out 14 ounce reusable stainless steel mugs with a five dollar deposit. Stainless steel mugs are presently the best option for such a program, with long-term durability and little to no long-term adverse health hazards, however, the high energy consumption and emissions associated with production make it necessary to examine alternatives to ensure this is the best choice for the Mugshare program. If stainless steel mugs will continue being used by the Mugshare program, the cost, design, and monitoring will need to be improved to further benefit the program. Currently, the deposit to participate in the program is five dollars, however if the program is going to continue to be economically feasible, such a deposit should be raised. On a related note, the design of the mug currently incorporates a rubber bottom, with a plastic lining. Such lining and rubber bottom should be removed to reduce the deterioration of the mug. A potential issue for the Mugshare program is the monitoring and tracking of the mugs. Efficient tracking methods such as implementing a barcode into the design of the mug, and linking said barcode to UBC student cards are outlined in this report. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
A COMPONENT PRICING SYSTEM FOR PORK
Creators: name: Manuey, Sean
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Akridge, Jay T.
name: Manuey, Sean
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Akridge, Jay T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Value-based marketing of pork has become much more prevalent over the past five years in the United States. However, the National Pork Producers Council (NPPC), through its Lean Value Task Force, has expressed concern that current value-based marketing systems are not adequate in conveying consumer preferences back to the producer. In response, the NPPC issued a call for a system which priced animals based on 'pounds of quality lean'. This paper presents a value-based marketing system developed in response to this call. The component pricing models are clearly more accurate than live weight pricing. Adding more components improves the precision of the component model. The TOBEC device provides the most accurate estimates of carcass composition and value. The optical probe, while slightly less accurate than the TOBEC device, produces unbiased estimates of carcass value which are more accurate than pricing on a live weight basis.
Idealpolitik in United States foreign policy: The Reagan administration and the United States promotion of democracy
Creators: name: Cohn, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This dissertation examines the Reagan Administration's foreign policy, with attention to its policy of promoting democracy abroad, and the ideological underpinnings of that policy. It concludes that the Reagan Administration's worldview was neither realist nor idealist, but represents a third construct which the dissertation names idealpolitik. Idealpolitik offers another analytic framework, in addition to realism and idealism, with which to analyze foreign policy. The roots of idealpolitik can be found in NSC 68 and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) political action programs carried out between 1948 and 1976, but the Reagan Administration's democracy promotion policy constitutes a more coherent rendering of this worldview. A comparative case study approach is used to examine the ideological framework adopted by the Reagan Administration and to contrast it to the two alternate worldviews (realism and idealism) that were manifest in the Nixon and Carter Administrations, respectively. The Reagan Administration's democracy promotion initiative, and a new foreign policy vehicle called the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) that was created to carry out Reagan's policy, are examined in detail. For comparative purposes, the NED's antecedents, i.e., CIA covert activities of previous Administrations, are also reviewed. Traditionally, U.S. foreign policy analyses assume that realism is both the operating paradigm of policymakers and the appropriate analytic lens for understanding U.S. policy. There has been an occasional, dismissive nod given to idealism, relegating it to Woodrow Wilson's discredited approach, but as this dissertation shows, a more recent president, Jimmy Carter, embraced idealism. This dissertation demonstrates that neither realism nor idealism adequately describes the Reagan Administration's worldview, but that idealpolitik does. The significance of this dissertation lies in its identification of idealpolitik as a distinctive framework through which U.S. foreign policy has been conceptualized by policymakers. This is particularly important and timely because idealpolitik continues to offer the best description of the worldviews of the Administrations that have followed Reagan.