cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Microhydration Structures of Protonated Oxazole
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Kuntal
name: Dopfer, Otto
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 541 Physikalische Chemie
subject: ligands
subject: structural change
subject: aromatic molecule
subject: microhydrated
subject: clusters

description: The initial microhydration structures of the protonated pharmaceutical building block oxazole (Ox), H+Ox-Wn≤4, are determined by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations (B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ). Protonation of Ox, achieved by chemical ionization in a H2-containing plasma, occurs at the most basic N atom. The analysis of systematic shifts of the NH and OH stretch vibrations as a function of the cluster size provides a clear picture for the preferred cluster growth in H+Ox-Wn. For n = 1–3, the IRPD spectra are dominated by a single isomer, and microhydration of H+Ox with hydrophilic protic W ligands occurs by attachment of a hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) Wn solvent cluster to the acidic NH group via an NH···O H-bond. Such H-bonded networks are stabilized by strong cooperativity effects. This is in contrast to previously studied hydrophobic ligands, which prefer interior ion solvation. The strength of the NH···O ionic H-bond increases with the degree of hydration because of the increasing proton affinity (PA) of the Wn cluster. At n = 4, proton-transferred structures of the type Ox-H+Wn become energetically competitive with H+Ox-Wn structures, because differences in solvation energies can compensate for the differences in the PAs, and barrierless proton transfer from H+Ox to the Wn solvent subcluster becomes feasible. Indeed, the IRPD spectrum of the n = 4 cluster is more complex suggesting the presence of more than one isomer, although it lacks unequivocal evidence for the predicted intracluster proton transfer.
Additional file 2 of Are dopamine agonists still the first-choice treatment for prolactinoma in the era of endoscopy? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Cai, Xiangming
name: Zhu, Junhao
name: Yang, Jin
name: Tang, Chao
name: Cong, Zixiang
name: Ma, Chiyuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 2. Forest plots for subgroup analysis of biochemical cure rates in surgery-treated patients subgrouped by patients type (A), publication years (B), surgery types (C); and in DAs-treated patients subgrouped by patients type (D), publication years (E), DAs types (F).
Hierarchical Bayesian Operational Modal Analysis: Theory and Computations
Creators: name: Sedehi, Omid
name: Katafygiotis, Lambros S.
name: Papadimitriou, Costas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a hierarchical Bayesian modeling framework for the uncertainty quantification in modal identification of linear dynamical systems using multiple vibration data sets. This novel framework integrates the state-of-the-art Bayesian formulations into a hierarchical setting aiming to capture both the identification precision and the ensemble variability prompted due to modeling errors. Such cutting-edge developments have been absent from the modal identification literature, sustained as a long-standing problem at the research spotlight. Central to this framework is a Gaussian hyper probability model, whose mean and covariance matrix are unknown encapsulating the uncertainty of the modal parameters. Detailed computation of this hierarchical model is addressed under two major algorithms using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling and Laplace asymptotic approximation methods. Since for a small number of data sets the hyper covariance matrix is often unidentifiable, a practical remedy is suggested through the eigenbasis transformation of the covariance matrix, which effectively reduces the number of unknown hyper-parameters. It is also proved that under some conditions the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of the hyper mean and covariance coincide with the ensemble mean and covariance computed using the MAP estimations corresponding to multiple data sets. This interesting finding addresses relevant concerns related to the outcome of the mainstream Bayesian methods in capturing the stochastic variability from dissimilar data sets. Finally, the dynamical response of a prototype structure tested on a shaking table subjected to Gaussian white noise base excitation and the ambient vibration measurement of a cable footbridge are employed to demonstrate the proposed framework.
Using USDA Production Forecasts: Adjusting for Smoothing
Creators: name: Sanders, Dwight
name: Altman, Ira J.
name: Manfredo, Mark R.
name: Anderson, Rachel
name: Sanders, Dwight
name: Altman, Ira J.
name: Manfredo, Mark R.
name: Anderson, Rachel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance

description: Agribusinesses, producers and farm managers rely heavily on forecasts made by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and other government agencies in forming expectations that drive management decisions. While agency forecasts are a valuable and low cost source of forecast information, it is commonly thought that these agencies may unintentionally make gradual adjustments to their forecasts. In other words, agency forecasts may be “smoothed” such that they slowly evolve toward a rational forecast. In this paper, we investigate forecast smoothing in the USDA’s cotton production forecasts and demonstrate how forecasting practitioners and farm managers should correct the forecasts.
Controlling collapse in Bose-Einstein condensates by temporal modulation of the scattering length
Creators: name: Abdullaev, F. Kh.
name: Caputo, J. G.
name: Kraenkel, R. A.
name: Malomed, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider, by means of the variational approximation (VA) and direct numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation, the dynamics of 2D and 3D condensates with a scattering length containing constant and harmonically varying parts, which can be achieved with an ac magnetic field tuned to the Feshbach resonance. For a rapid time modulation, we develop an approach based on the direct averaging of the GP equation,without using the VA. In the 2D case, both VA and direct simulations, as well as the averaging method, reveal the existence of stable self-confined condensates without an external trap, in agreement with qualitatively similar results recently reported for spatial solitons in nonlinear optics. In the 3D case, the VA again predicts the existence of a stable self-confined condensate without a trap. In this case, direct simulations demonstrate that the stability is limited in time, eventually switching into collapse, even though the constant part of the scattering length is positive (but not too large). Thus a spatially uniform ac magnetic field, resonantly tuned to control the scattering length, may play the role of an effective trap confining the condensate, and sometimes causing its collapse.
description: 7 figures
Applications of data mining in healthcare area: A survey
Creators: name: Shirzad, Ehsan
name: Ataei, Ghazal
name: Saadatfar, Hamid
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Data mining
Machine learning
Healthcare
Medical informatics
Review

description: Engineering and Applied Science Research, 48, 3, 314-323
MOESM3 of Longitudinal assessment of utilities in patients with migraine: an analysis of erenumab randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Tanna, Gian Di
name: Porter, Joshua
name: Lipton, Richard
name: Hatswell, Anthony
name: Sapra, Sandhya
name: Villa, Guillermo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. Multiple imputation outputs for MSQ.
A comprehensive review on processing of Ni-Cr based superalloys through EDM and its variants
Creators: name: Kumar, Sushil
name: Mudimallana Goud
name: Narendra Mohan Suri
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)
Process parameters
Ni-Cr based superalloys

description: Engineering and Applied Science Research, 48, 3, 324-339
LEoPart: a particle library for FEniCS
Creators: name: Maljaars, Jakob M.
name: Richardson, Chris N.
name: Sime, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces LEoPart, an add-on for the open source finite element software library FEniCS to seamlessly integrate Lagrangian particle functionality with (Eulerian) mesh-based finite element (FE) approaches. LEoPart - which is so much as to say: `Lagrangian-Eulerian on Particles' - contains tools for efficient, accurate and scalable advection of Lagrangian particles on arbitrary polyhedral meshes. In addition, LEoPart comes with several projection operators for exchanging information between the scattered particles and the mesh and \textit{vice versa}. These projection operators are based on a variational framework, which allows extension to high-order accuracy. In particular, by implementing a dedicated PDE-constrained particle-mesh projection operator, LEoPart provides all the tools for diffusion-free advection, while simultaneously achieving optimal convergence and ensuring conservation of the projected particle quantities on the underlying mesh. A range of numerical examples that are prototypical to passive and active tracer methods highlight the properties and the parallel performance of the different tools in LEoPart. Finally, future developments are identified. The source code for LEoPart is actively maintained and available under an open source license at https://bitbucket.org/jakob_maljaars/leopart.
description: 35 pages, 13 figures
Economic Analysis of Zero-Grade Rice and Land Tenure
Creators: name: Hignight, Jeffrey
name: Watkins, K.
name: Anders, Merle M.
name: Hignight, Jeffrey
name: Watkins, K.
name: Anders, Merle M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Financial Economics
Land Economics/Use

description: Fields precision leveled to a zero grade require significantly less applied water and provide significant savings in annual production expenses relative to contour levee rice fields. However, zero-grade is a land improvement and requires a large initial capital investment. This study uses a Net Present Value (NPV) approach to evaluate the monetary benefits of zero-grade rice production for tenants and landlords under alternative rental arrangements. Results indicate both parties can gain positive monetary benefits under most lease structures in the long run but may experience short run monetary losses if yields decline during the initial years after the land improvement.
A review of recent trends and status of plastics recycling in industries
Creators: name: Unatshilidzi Benedictus Khangale
name: Ozor, Paul Amaechi
name: Mbohwa, Charles
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Plastics recycling
Status
Plastic recycling techniques
Applicability
Sustainability

description: Engineering and Applied Science Research, 48, 3, 340-350
The effects of globalization on culture, economy and people
Creators: name: Almasidis, Wassily
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 140301 Cross-Sectional Analysis
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 160806 Social Theory
subject: 160899 Sociology not elsewhere classified

description: A short essay exploring the effects of globalisation in respect to culture, the economy and the people from a sociological perspective.
Range Livestock Strategies Given Extended Drought and Different Price Cycles
Creators: name: Bastian, Christopher
name: Ponnamaneni, Padmaja
name: Mooney, Sian
name: Ritten, John
name: Frasier, W.
name: Paisley, Steven
name: Smith, Michael
name: Umberger, Wendy
name: Bastian, Christopher
name: Ponnamaneni, Padmaja
name: Mooney, Sian
name: Ritten, John
name: Frasier, W.
name: Paisley, Steven
name: Smith, Michael
name: Umberger, Wendy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Portions of the U. S. have recently or are currently experiencing extended periods of drought. Producers considering the purchase of breeding stock to rebuild herds while forage supplies recover could be doing so at or near the top of the current cattle price cycle. This research investigates purchasing additional hay and partial liquidation as management strategies under various scenarios of drought and price cycles. Results indicate that purchasing hay may be a more risky strategy than partial liquidation, and it only provides positive returns over a 12-year planning horizon when extended drought occurs during a trough-to-trough price cycle.
What drives climate change?
Creators: name: Mader, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2019
Subjects: 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology

description: Anthropogenic climate change is the most demanding challenge humanity has to face in the ongoing 21st century and beyond. This dissertation delves deeper into enhancing the knowledge on the major drivers of climate change and its mitigation. Thus, all four articles focus on the macro-level analysis of countries over time, applying causal inference. Specifically, the dissertation addresses the predictors of national carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (article 1), the controversial debate on carbon leakage from developed to developing countries (article 2), the influence of social inequality on CO2 emissions (article 3), and the role of forests as climate solution as well as the drivers of forest loss and its gain (article 4). Altogether, the results suggest that population growth is a major driver of CO2 emissions and deforestation. Another key factor is increasing wealth. However, the effect of economic growth is double-edged: On the one hand, rising gross domestic product (GDP) almost proportionally boosts carbon emissions so far. On the other hand, growth in GDP contributes to enhance forest cover. Minor carbon-abating effects are observed for energy prices, technological progress, and international environmental agreements. Designating and managing protected areas drives forest gain. Furthermore, social inequality and international trade are not substantially related to CO2 emissions. Particularly, there is no evidence for carbon leakage from developed to developing countries. Given the challenge of emissions abatement, natural climate solutions are promising for near-term and large­scale sequestration of carbon. As the fourth article highlights, dangerous climate change could be prevented by doubling current forest cover.
Test particle motion in a gravitational plane wave collision background
Creators: name: Bini, Donato
name: Cruciani, Gianluca
name: Lunari, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Test particle geodesic motion is analysed in detail for the background spacetimes of the degenerate Ferrari-Ibanez colliding gravitational wave solutions. Killing vectors have been used to reduce the equations of motion to a first order system of differential equations which have been integrated numerically. The associated constants of the motion have also been used to match the geodesics as they cross over the boundary between the single plane wave and interaction zones.
description: 11 pages, 6 Postscript figures
Amphigomphus hansoni Chao 1954
Creators: name: Wilson, Keith Duncan Peter
name: Xu, Zaifu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Gomphidae
Amphigomphus
Amphigomphus hansoni

description: Amphigomphus hansoni Chao 1954
Figs. 13 (a–g)
 Amphigomphus hansoni Chao 1954: Chao (1954: 403, figs 492–497, type-loc. Fujian); Chao (1990: 346–348, 8 figs, Fujian); Zhang (1999: 218–219, figs 24.42a–d, Fujian); Wilson & Reels (2001: 188, Hainan); Hua (2000: 10, Fujian, Jiangxi & Zhejiang); Fellowes et al. (2003a: 36, Guangdong: Henglongbei, Longtanjiao & Daodongshan, Nanling).
 Specimens: 1 ♂, Henglongbei, Shikengkong (Babaoshan), Nanling, 28 vi 2000, coll. KW; 1 ♂, Longtanjiao, Nanling, 2 vii 2000, coll. KW; 8 ♂, 2 ♀, Longtanjiao, Nanling, 3 vii 2000, coll. KW; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Maoping (Dadongshan), Nanling, 6 vii 2000, coll. KW; 1 ♀ (photo), Nankunshan, 20 vi 2007, leg. SS.
 First description of female: Similar colouration to male but with no yellow abdominal markings at sides of S8–9. Labium pale greyish-brown with all lobes dark brown distally and central lobe lateral margins dark brown. Labrum black. Anteclypeus blackish-brown and postclypeus black, base of mandibles pale yellow. Broad yellow transverse stripe across distal antefrons, which extends over much of the postfrons (Figs. 13c– d). Pair of small rounded protrusions above lateral ocelli. Shallow hump located at centre of occiput with narrow, short frontal groove, arising from margin and extending towards vertex with deep depressions at either side. Rear of head with pair of postocular nodule-like protrusions below the occipital margin. Synthorax black with broad, seven-shaped yellow dorsal stripes; left side ‘7’ inverted (Figs. 13e–f). Mesepimeron black with broad yellow stripe. Metepisternum black with irregular yellow spot broad at wing bases and narrowing towards spiracle. Metepimeron yellow. Legs, as male, black with inner sides of front femora mainly yellow; middle femora with small yellow spot on inner face and outer face of hind femora with large oblong yellow spot. Wings hyaline with 2-celled anal field. A2 arising from anal vein, well proximal to base of subtriangle. Pterostigma brown. S1–2 of abdomen black with central yellow stripe along dorsal carina. Sides S1–2 black above, yellow below. S3 black with yellow triangular-shaped dorsal spot narrowing distally and not extending to S4. Basal ventero-lateral yellow triangular-shaped spot also extending to S4. S4–7 with narrow, yellow rings incomplete ventrally. S8–10 entirely black. Cerci yellow. Postgenital plate with pair of triangular-shaped vulvar scales, pinched at inner margins to form inner raised ridge, and separated by deep v-shaped notch (Fig. 13g).
 Remarks: The male caudal genitalia are illustrated in Figs. 13a–g.
 Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang).
description: Published as part of Wilson, Keith Duncan Peter & Xu, Zaifu, 2009, Gomphidae of Guangdong & Hong Kong, China (Odonata: Anisoptera) 2177, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 2177 on pages 26-29
Effect of variation in density on the stability of bilinear shear currents with a free surface
Creators: name: Barros, Ricardo
name: Voloch, José Felipe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the stability analysis for a free surface fluid current modeled as two finite layers of constant vorticity, under the action of gravity and absence of surface tension. In the same spirit as Taylor ["Effect of variation in density on the stability of superposed streams of fluid," Proc. R. Soc. A 132, 499 (1931)], a geometrical approach to the problem is proposed, which allows us to present simple analytical criteria under which the flow is stable. A strong destabilizing effect of stratification in density is revealed by comparison with the physical setting where the vorticity interface is also a density interface separating two immiscible fluids with constant densities.
description: Revised version. Accepted for publication in Physics of Fluids
Economics of Reduced-Till, No-Till and Opportunity Cropping in Western Kansas
Creators: name: Burton, Robert O.
name: Smith, Ray
name: Schlegel, Alan
name: Burton, Robert O.
name: Smith, Ray
name: Schlegel, Alan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management
Land Economics/Use

description: Reduced-till (RT) is compared to no-till (NT) on a western Kansas farm using elevated crop residue levels and higher intensity opportunity cropping. Per acre expenses, net revenue and risk are determined with and without opportunity cropping. NT opportunity cropping is more profitable than RT eco-fallow using corn; however, risks and expenses are greater. Higher intensity NT cropping, with intensity decreased when soil moisture at planting is inadequate, increased net revenue and risk.
Quantum Zeno effect, adiabaticity and dynamical superselection rules
Creators: name: Facchi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of a quantum system undergoing very frequent measurements takes place in a proper subspace of the total Hilbert space (quantum Zeno effect). When the measuring apparatus is included in the quantum description, the Zeno effect becomes a pure consequence of the dynamics. We show that for continuous measurement processes the quantum Zeno evolution derives from an adiabatic theorem. The system is forced to evolve in a set of orthogonal subspaces of the total Hilbert space and a dynamical superselection rule arises. The dynamical properties of this evolution are investigated and several examples are considered.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure
When Does Variable Rate Technology for Agricultural Sprayers Pay? A Case Study for Cotton Production in Tennessee
Creators: name: Mooney, Daniel F.
name: Larson, James
name: Roberts, Roland
name: English, Burton
name: Mooney, Daniel F.
name: Larson, James
name: Roberts, Roland
name: English, Burton
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Land Economics/Use

description: Producers interested in precision agriculture lack information on the profitability of variable rate technology (VRT) systems for agricultural sprayers. A partial budgeting framework was developed to evaluate the level of input savings required to pay for investments in VRT. To illustrate this framework, a case study for cotton production in Tennessee is provided. Ownership and information costs were determined for two commerciallyavailable VRT systems and compared to extension recommended input application levels. Map-based VRT systems required input savings of 11 percent to be profitable. Sensor-based systems required input savings from 5 to 11 percent to be profitable depending on imagery resolution.
Agricultural Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Role of the Multiplier A Literature Review
Creators: name: Snodgrass, Donald
name: Snodgrass, Donald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Africa
subject: Sub-Sahara

description: In the coming decades, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) could see a major humanitarian crisis. If rapid population growth continues and agricultural productivity rises slowly or not at all,large increases in the working-age population and daunting problems of food supply, poverty,and underemployment will result. Lowered population growth, job creation, and higher agricultural productivity are all needed to avert impending disaster. If a way can be found to bring about substantial increases in small farm productivity, the crisis may be averted. Multiplier effects could increase the benefits that accrue to the rural economy.
MOESM2 of Longitudinal assessment of utilities in patients with migraine: an analysis of erenumab randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Tanna, Gian Di
name: Porter, Joshua
name: Lipton, Richard
name: Hatswell, Anthony
name: Sapra, Sandhya
name: Villa, Guillermo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Mapping algorithm to estimate EQ-5D utility values from HIT-6 and MSQ [34]
House Value, Crime and Residential Location Choice
Creators: name: ZHANG, ZHAOHUA
name: HITE, DIANE
name: ZHANG, ZHAOHUA
name: HITE, DIANE
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Location choice
subject: Crime Rate
subject: Residential Sorting Model

description: Households choose where to live by trading off wages, house prices and local amenities. In this paper, I estimate the effect of crime on household location choice using a two-stage residential sorting model which incorporates the effect of mobility cost. The choice set in this paper is defined at the level of the metropolitan areas. The results from the second stage show that people are willing to pay more to move to a location with lower violent crime occurrences and are willing to pay more to move to a place with higher property crime; however, the effect of violent crime is larger than property crime. When recovering the willingness to pay (WTP) for the two types of crime using elasticities, the results show that people are willing to pay $651 and $977 for a one hundred unit decrease in violent crime and $23 and $27 for a one hundred unit increase in property crime for 2005 and 2010 respectively. The difference in difference results for the sorting model show that people are willing to pay less to move to a location in which the police number increases, and pay more to move to a location where the crime rate decreases while police force increases. The results of the difference in difference analysis, shows that the elasticity of WTP for the increase in police number in the hedonic price model, is slightly lower than that from the sorting model.
The PD-1/PD-L1 Axis and Virus Infections: A Delicate Balance
Creators: name: Schönrich, Günther
name: Raftery, Martin J.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: PD-1
subject: PD-L1
subject: PD-L2
subject: antiviral immune responses
subject: viral immune evasion
subject: virus-induced immunopathogenesis
subject: viruses
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and its ligands play a fundamental role in the evasion of tumor cells from antitumor immunity. Less well appreciated is the fact that the PD-1/PD-L1 axis also regulates antiviral immune responses and is therefore modulated by a number of viruses. Upregulation of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 is observed during acute virus infection and after infection with persistent viruses including important human pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Experimental evidence suggests that insufficient signaling through the PD-1 pathway promotes immunopathology during acute infection by exaggerating primary T cell responses. If chronic infection is established, however, high levels of PD-1 expression can have unfavorable immunological consequences. Exhaustion and suppression of antiviral immune responses can result in viral immune evasion. The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis during viral infections is further complicated by evidence that PD-L1 also mediates inflammatory effects in the acute phase of an immune response. In this review, we discuss the intricate interplay between viruses and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis.
Climate Trends and Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change in Zambia
Creators: name: Mulenga, Brian P.
name: Wineman, Ayala
name: Mulenga, Brian P.
name: Wineman, Ayala
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Zambia
subject: climate change

description: Despite some overlap between farmers’ observations and climate patterns found in the meteorological records, the meteorological data do not support the perception that is an increase in intra-season variability in rainfall. Therefore, a complete picture of climate change requires contributions from multiple knowledge systems.
On suppressing the Higgsino-mediated proton decay in SUSY SO(10) GUT's
Creators: name: Turzynski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the freedom in SO(10) GUT's one can generalize the existing models without changing the mass spectrum of fermions to obtain a significant suppression of proton decay resulting from the baryon number violating operators of dimension 5. In some limiting cases, their contributions can be made negligible compared to the dimension 6 operators resulting from the heavy gauge bosons exchange.
description: 19 pages, 3 Postscript figures, 2 mpost figures, rearranged plots, corrected typos
Four-dimensional Lattice Gauge Theory with ribbon categories and the Crane-Yetter state sum
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Hendryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lattice Gauge Theory in 4-dimensional Euclidean space-time is generalized to ribbon categories which replace the category of representations of the gauge group. This provides a framework in which the gauge group becomes a quantum group while space-time is still given by the `classical' lattice. At the technical level, this construction generalizes the Spin Foam Model dual to Lattice Gauge Theory and defines the partition function for a given triangulation of a closed and oriented piecewise-linear 4-manifold. This definition encompasses both the standard formulation of d=4 pure Yang-Mills theory on a lattice and the Crane-Yetter invariant of 4-manifolds. The construction also implies that a certain class of Spin Foam Models formulated using ribbon categories are well-defined even if they do not correspond to a Topological Quantum Field Theory.
description: 41 pages, LaTeX, postscript/PiCTeX figures; v2:typos corrected
Additional file 1 of Development and evaluation of an eHealth self-management intervention for patients with chronic kidney disease in China: protocol for a mixed-method hybrid type 2 trial
Creators: name: Shen, Hongxia
name: van der Kleij, Rianne
name: van der Boog, Paul J. M.
name: Song, Xiaoyue
name: Wang, Wenjiao
name: Zhang, Tongtong
name: Li, Zhengyan
name: Lou, Xiaoping
name: Chavannes, Niels
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Core intervention components of Medical Dashboard and evidence base.
Geometric phases for wave packets in a uniform magnetic field
Creators: name: Lin, Qiong-Gui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A wave packet of a charged particle always make cyclic circular motion in a uniform magnetic field, just like a classical particle. The nonadiabatic geometric phase for an arbitrary wave packet can be expressed in terms of the mean value of a number operator. For a large class of wave packets, the geometric phase is proportional to the magnetic flux encircled by the orbit of the wave packet. For more general wave packets, however, the geometric phase contains an extra term.
description: REVTeX4, 7 pages, no figure
Destination or Distraction? Querying the Linkage between Off-farm Income and Farm Investments in Kenya
Creators: name: Smale, Melinda
name: Kusunose, Yoko
name: Mathenge, Mary K.
name: Alia, Didier
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Kusunose, Yoko
name: Mathenge, Mary K.
name: Alia, Didier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Kenya
subject: Off-farm earnings

description: Off-farm earnings account for a substantial and growing share of household income among smallholder farmers in most of Sub-Saharan Africa, but evidence concerning the effects of these earnings on investment in food production remains sparse. Conceptually, some factors may push farm families to send members in search of cash to relieve expenditure constraints or serve to meet consumption needs under duress; other factors pull members of rural households toward the promise of steady, dependable income. Previously published research suggests that the search for off-farm income has a negative impact on farm investments.
Revisiting The Coincidence Problem in $f(R)$ Gravitation
Creators: name: Sahoo, P. K.
name: Bhattacharjee, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy densities of dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) are of the same order at the present epoch despite the fact that both these quantities have contrasting characteristics and are presumed to have evolved distinctively with cosmic evolution. This is a major issue in standard $Λ$CDM cosmology and is termed "The Coincidence Problem" which hitherto cannot be explained by any fundamental theory. In this spirit, Bisabr \cite{bisabr} reported a cosmological scenario in $f(R)$ gravity where DM and DE interact and exchange energy with each other and therefore evolve dependently. We investigate the efficiency and model independancy of the technique reported in Bisabr \cite{bisabr} in addressing the Coincidence problem with the help of two $f(R)$ gravity models with model parameters constrained from various observations. Our result confirm the idea that not all scalar-tensor gravity theories and models can circumvent the Coincidence Problem and any cosmological scenario with interacting fluids is highly model dependent and hence alternate model independent theories and ideas should be nominated to solve this mystery.
description: 7 pages, 1 Figures, Published version
MOESM1 of Application of machine learning methodology to assess the performance of DIABETIMSS program for patients with type 2 diabetes in family medicine clinics in Mexico
Creators: name: You, Yue
name: Doubova, Svetlana
name: Pinto-Masis, Diana
name: Pérez-Cuevas, Ricardo
name: Borja-Aburto, Víctor
name: Hubbard, Alan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Description of covariates. Figure S1. Associations of DIABETIMSS and glucose control adjusting for process-of-care variables (estimated difference in the percentage of those with HbA1c in two groups) Figure S2. Principal components analysis of covariates for patients with and without missing outcome. Figure S3. Comparison of associations of covariates and outcome by clinic. Figure S4. Distribution of DIABETIMSS treatment impacts among subjects in DIABETIMSS clinics.
Noncommutative SU(N) and Gauge Invariant Baryon Operator
Creators: name: Chu, Chong-Sun
name: Dorn, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a constraint on the noncommutative gauge theory with U(N) gauge group which gives rise to a noncommutative version of the SU(N) gauge group. The baryon operator is also constructed.
description: 10 pages
DOES THE CURRENT SUGAR MARKET STRUCTURE BENEFIT CONSUMERS AND SUGARCANE GROWERS?
Creators: name: Chisanga, Brian
name: Meyer, Ferdinand H.
name: Winter-Nelson, Alex
name: Sitko, Nicholas J.
name: Chisanga, Brian
name: Meyer, Ferdinand H.
name: Winter-Nelson, Alex
name: Sitko, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Zambia
subject: sugar industry

description: The market structure in Zambia’s sugar industry is highly concentrated, leading to consumers paying higher prices than expected given the low cost of sugar production in the country.
Cap Implied Volatility
Creators: name: Lee, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Interest rate cap, interest rate cap, cap implied volatility, volatility model

description: An implied volatility is the volatility implied by the market price of an option based on the Black Scholes option pricing model. In cap market, a cap/floor is quoted by implied volatilities but not prices. An interest rate cap volatility surface is a three dimensional plot of the implied volatility of a cap as a function of strike and maturity.
 The term structures of implied volatilities which provide indications of the market’s near and long term uncertainty about future short and long term forwar interest rates. A crucial property of the implied volatility surface is the absence of arbitrage.
description: https://ia601409.us.archive.org/4/items/ir-cap-vol-7/IrCapVol-7.pdf
MOESM4 of Monoamine oxidase-A activity is required for clonal tumorsphere formation by human breast tumor cells
Creators: name: Gwynne, William
name: Shakeel, Mirza
name: Jianhan Wu
name: Hallett, Robin
name: Girgis-Gabardo, Adele
name: Dvorkin-Gheva, Anna
name: Hassell, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4. MCF-7 human breast tumor cells form bona fide tumorspheres, whereas MDA-MB-231 form cellular aggregates. Images taken of MDA-MB-231 cells (top) and MCF-7 cells (bottom) grown in chemically defined media as tumorspheres. Tumorspheres were imaged at 100X magnification and the scale bar represents 100 μm. The arrows demarcate examples of a bona fide tumorspheres (solid arrows) and cellular aggregates (dashed arrows). (B) Examples of each structure shown at a higher magnification (200X).
House of the Beehives
Creators: name: Eotvos, Melody
Publisher: name: The University of Melbourne
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 360302
subject: Music composition and improvisation

description: Originally inspired by Italo Calvino's Difficult Loves, this work explores several different facets of the fascinating yet grisly tale The House of the Beehives. I won't reveal much about the story here except for that I've grouped the tale into four thematic areas, the first of which returns at the end, full circle.Like a sinking memory-go-round the result is a prickly, pagan-esk unfolding that begins with the opening chorale theme, and slowly sinks into an uncertain world that wavers somewhere in between the lost and the found --- unmasking the central character as an alienated but profoundly content human being.
Joule-Thomson Cooling in Graphene
Creators: name: Zarembo, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrons in graphene exhibit hydrodynamic behavior in a certain range of temperatures. We indicate that electric current in this regime can result in cooling of electron fluid due to the Joule-Thomson effect. Cooling occurs in the Fermi liquid regime, while for the Dirac fluid the effect results in heating.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; v2: derivation of (22) expanded, more thorough discussion of the neutrality regime, refs added
FX Implied Forward Curve
Creators: name: Lee, David
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: FX forward curve, FX implied curve, FX forward rate, FX forward curve construction

description: FX forward curve is also called FX implied forward curve or FX derived curve. It is derived from USD zero rate curve and
 FX forward spreads and used to value FX trades. Market standard is to use FX quoted forward spreads and USD zero rate curve to generate FX implied forward curve. In other words, FX curve construction generates an interest rate curve of the quoting currency from the interest rate curve of
 the base currency. The construction methodology is based on the arbitrage free relationship between forward FX rates and
 the discount rates of the two currencies.
description: https://ia801408.us.archive.org/11/items/fx-forward-curve-8/FxForwardCurve-8.pdf
MOESM5 of Monoamine oxidase-A activity is required for clonal tumorsphere formation by human breast tumor cells
Creators: name: Gwynne, William
name: Shakeel, Mirza
name: Jianhan Wu
name: Hallett, Robin
name: Girgis-Gabardo, Adele
name: Dvorkin-Gheva, Anna
name: Hassell, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Cancer
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 5 Western blots used to create Fig. 1c. We cropped lanes from each blot to create Fig. 1c. MAO-A and α-tubulin bands for HCC1954 A and S lanes were taken from Blot 1, imaged at a low exposure (A). MAO-A bands from MCF-7 A and S, MDA-MB-157 A and S, and mouse brain were taken from the Blot 2, taken at a low exposure (B). MAO-A bands from T47D A and S and ZR75–1 A and S were also taken from Blot 2, imaged at a higher exposure (C). α-tubulin bands from MCF-7 A and S, MDA-MB-157 A and S, T47D A and S, ZR75–1 A and S, and mouse brain were all taken from Blot 2, imaged at a low exposure (D). MAO-A and α-tubulin bands from BT474 A and S were taken from Blot 3, imaged at a low exposure (E).
Why Matrix theory works for oddly shaped membranes
Creators: name: Zunger, Yonatan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a simple proof of why there is a Matrix theory approximation for a membrane shaped like an arbitrary Riemann surface. As corollaries, we show that noncompact membranes cannot be approximated by matrices and that the Poisson algebra on any compact phase space is U(infinity). The matrix approximation does not appear to work properly in theories such as IIB string theory or bosonic membrane theory where there is no conserved 3-form charge to which the membranes couple.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, revtex; references added
Is Site-Specific Nematode Management Profitable: Evidence from Spatial Econometric Analysis
Creators: name: Liu, Zheng
name: Griffin, Terry W.
name: Kirkpatrick, Terrence L.
name: Monfort, Walter Scott
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Griffin, Terry W.
name: Kirkpatrick, Terrence L.
name: Monfort, Walter Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: spatial econometrics
subject: yield monitor
subject: nematodes
subject: site-specific nematicide application
subject: spatial Durbin

description: Nematode management for cotton production has eluded farmers and researchers. Control strategies typically rely upon highly toxic nematicide application. Site-specific management provides opportunity to improve profitability while maintaining environmental stewardship. This paper determined the potential for site-specific nematicide application by using spatial econometric analyses of on-farm experimental data to estimate cotton yield response functions with respect to environmental factors and treatment applications. Results suggest that crop yield response for a given nematode infestation level or nematicide application rate differs by soil texture, providing evidence to support the potential of site-specific nematicide application and management zone delineation. The profitability analysis related is useful to provide practical recommendations for effectively controlling nematodes via site-specific management.
Does Broadband Matter for Rural Entrepreneurs or ‘Creative Class’ Employees?
Creators: name: Conley, Kelsey
name: Whitacre, Brian
name: Conley, Kelsey
name: Whitacre, Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: rural America
subject: rural entrepreneurs
subject: broadband adoption
subject: broadband availability
subject: creative class
subject: spatial econometric
subject: first-differenced

description: Broadband, or high-speed Internet access, has changed the way our society operates; yet there are still parts of rural American where the connection is lagging behind. Closing the ‘digital divide’ is a priority on rural America’s agenda, with government programs focusing on providing broadband infrastructure to unserved (or underserved) areas. An unanswered question, however, is whether a relationship exists between broadband availability and the existence of entrepreneurs or ‘creative class’ workers in rural communities. These types of workers have been shown to be particularly important for economic growth in rural areas. One relevant hypothesis is that some threshold related to broadband exists (a specific download speed, or number of providers) that is positively related to the existence of rural entrepreneurs; such a finding would have meaningful implications for future U.S. broadband policy. This research explores this relationship using county-level data from the 2012 National Broadband Map and measures of entrepreneurship and creative class employees from the Census and ERS. Spatial econometric tools are used to assess the cross-section relationship as of 2012. First-differenced regressions are also used to determine whether increasing levels of broadband have influenced changes in entrepreneurship or creative class employees in rural areas over time.