cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A strain-gradient formulation for fiber reinforced polymers: Hybrid phase-field model for porous-ductile fracture
Creators: name: Dittman, Maik
name: Schult, Jonathan
name: Schmidt, Felix
name: Hesch, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A novel numerical approach to analyze the mechanical behavior within composite materials including the inelastic regime up to final failure is presented. Therefore, a second-gradient theory is combined with phase-field methods to fracture. In particular, we assume that the polymeric matrix material undergoes ductile fracture, whereas continuously embedded fibers undergo brittle fracture as it is typical e.g. for roving glass reinforced thermoplastics. A hybrid phase-field approach is developed and applied along with a modified Gurson-Tvergaard-Needelman GTN-type plasticity model accounting for a temperature-dependent growth of voids on microscale. The mechanical response of the arising microstructure of the woven fabric gives rise to additional higher-order terms, representing homogenized bending contributions of the fibers. Eventually, a series of tests is conducted for this physically comprehensive multifield formulation to investigate different kinds and sequences of failure within long fiber reinforced polymers.
Altruistic behavior pays, or the importance of fluctuations in evolutionary game theory
Creators: name: Sanchez, Angel
name: Cuesta, Jose A.
name: Roca, Carlos P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Human behavior is one of the main problems for evolution, as it is often the case that human actions are disadvantageous for the self and advantageous for other people. Behind this puzzle are our beliefs about rational behavior, based on game theory. Here we show that by going beyond the standard game-theoretical conventions, apparently altruistic behavior can be understood as self-interested. We discuss in detail an example related to the so called Ultimatum game and illustrate the appearance of altruistic behavior induced by fluctuations. In addition, we claim that in general settings, fluctuations play a very relevant role, and we support this claim by considering a completely different example, namely the Stag-Hunt game.
description: For the proceedings of the 8th Granada Seminar on Computational Physics (AIP Proceedeings Series)
Determining Sneutrino Masses and Physical Implications
Creators: name: Freitas, A.
name: Porod, W.
name: Zerwas, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In some areas of supersymmetry parameter space, sneutrinos are lighter than the charginos and the next-to-lightest neutralino, and they decay into the invisible neutrino plus lightest-neutralino channel with probability one. In such a scenario they can be searched for in decays of charginos that are pair-produced in e+e- collisions, and in associated sneutrino-chargino production in photon-electron collisions. The sneutrino properties can be determined with high accuracy from the edges of the decay energy spectra in the first case and from threshold scans in the second. In the final part of the report we investigate the mass difference of sneutrinos and charged sleptons between the third and the first two generations in seesaw-type models of the neutrino/sneutrino sector. For a wide range these mass differences are sensitive to the seesaw scale.
description: 20 pp
Two photon decay of $π^0$ and $η$ at finite temperature and density
Creators: name: Costa, Pedro
name: Ruivo, M. C.
name: Kalinovsky, Yu. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparative study of the anomalous decays $π^0, η\toγγ$, at finite temperature and at finite density, is performed in the framework of the three--flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio. The similarities and differences between both scenarios are discussed. In both cases the lifetimes of these mesons decrease significantly at the critical point, although this might not be sufficient to observe enhancement of these decays in heavy-ion collisions.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Talk given at Strange Quark Matter 2004, Cape Town, South Africa, 15-20 September, 2004
Geometrical four-point functions in the two-dimensional critical $Q$-state Potts model: The interchiral conformal bootstrap
Creators: name: He, Yifei
name: Jacobsen, Jesper Lykke
name: Saleur, Hubert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the spectrum identified in our earlier work [arXiv:1809.02191], we numerically solve the bootstrap to determine four-point correlation functions of the geometrical connectivities in the $Q$-state Potts model. Crucial in our approach is the existence of "interchiral conformal blocks", which arise from the degeneracy of fields with conformal weight $h_{r,1}$, with $r\in\mathbb{N}^*$, and are related to the underlying presence of the "interchiral algebra" introduced in [arXiv:1207.6334]. We also find evidence for the existence of "renormalized" recursions, replacing those that follow from the degeneracy of the field $Φ_{12}^D$ in Liouville theory, and obtain the first few such recursions in closed form. This hints at the possibility of the full analytical determination of correlation functions in this model.
description: 53 pages, 30 figures
Studying The Star Formation Histories of Galaxies in Clusters from Composite Spectra
Creators: name: Dressler, Alan
name: Oemler,, Augustus
name: Poggianti, Bianca M.
name: Smail, Ian
name: Trager, Scott
name: Shectman, Stephen A.
name: Couch, Warrick
name: Ellis, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have formed ``composite spectra'' by combining the integrated-light spectra of individual galaxies in 8 intermediate-redshift and 12 low-redshift clusters of galaxies. Because these composite spectra have much higher signal-to-noise ratios than individual galaxy spectra, they are particularly useful in quantifying general trends in star formation for galaxy populations in distant clusters, z > 0.3. By measuring diagnostic features that represent stellar populations of very different ages, a grand-composite spectrum can reflect the fractions of those populations as accurately as if excellent spectral measurements were available for each galaxy. Measuring the equivalent widths of spectral features in composite spectra is especially well-suited for comparing cosmic variance of star formation in clusters at a given redshift, or comparing clusters over a range of redshifts. When we do this we find that [O II] emission and especially Balmer absorption is strong in each of our intermediate-redshift clusters, and completely separable from a sample of 12 present-epoch clusters, where these features are weak. Specifically, we show by comparing to the H-delta strengths of present-epoch populations of continuously star-forming galaxies that the higher-redshift samples must contain a much higher fraction of starburst galaxies than are found today in any environment.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ (20 November 2004, vol 616 issue)
TPC Performance in Magnetic Fields with GEM and Pad Readout
Creators: name: Karlen, D.
name: Poffenberger, P.
name: Rosenbaum, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel charged particle tracking device, a high precision time projection chamber with gas electron multiplier and pad readout, is a leading candidate as the central tracker for an experiment at the International Linear Collider. To characterize the performance of such a system, a small TPC has been operated within a magnetic field, measuring cosmic-ray and laser tracks. Good tracking resolution and two particle separation, sufficient for a large scale ILC central tracker, are achieved.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods A
Efficiency analysis of producers’ organizations (Case of South Eastern and Central planning regions of Bulgaria)
Creators: name: Zaimova, Darina
name: Zaimova, Darina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: DEA
subject: SFA
subject: technical efficiency
subject: frontier production
subject: farm efficiency

description: The main aim of this paper is to compare two alternative methods for estimating frontier functions and measuring efficiency in production. The application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to the same data panel provides insights in estimating technical efficiency of producers’ organizations in selected regions in Bulgaria.
Time-dependent backgrounds of 2D string theory: Non-perturbative effects
Creators: name: Alexandrov, Sergei Yu.
name: Kostov, Ivan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-perturbative corrections (NPC) to the partition function of a compactified 2D string theory in a time-dependent background generated by a tachyon source. The sine-Liouville deformation of the theory is a particular case of such a background. We calculate the leading as well as the subleading NPC using the dual description of the string theory as matrix quantum mechanics. As in the minimal string theories, the NPC are classified by the double points of a complex curve. We calculate them by two different methods: by solving Toda equation and by evaluating the quasiclassical fermion wave functions. We show that the result can be expressed in terms of correlation functions of the bosonic field associated with the tachyon source and identify the leading and the subleading corrections as the contributions from the one-point (disk) and two-point (annulus) correlation functions.
description: 37 pages, 2 figures
Neuromorphic Event-Based Slip Detection and suppression in Robotic Grasping and Manipulation
Creators: name: Muthusamy, Rajkumar
name: Huang, Xiaoqian
name: Zweiri, Yahya
name: Seneviratne, Lakmal
name: Gan, Dongming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2, I.2.9, I.2.10, I.2.1

description: Slip detection is essential for robots to make robust grasping and fine manipulation. In this paper, a novel dynamic vision-based finger system for slip detection and suppression is proposed. We also present a baseline and feature based approach to detect object slips under illumination and vibration uncertainty. A threshold method is devised to autonomously sample noise in real-time to improve slip detection. Moreover, a fuzzy based suppression strategy using incipient slip feedback is proposed for regulating the grip force. A comprehensive experimental study of our proposed approaches under uncertainty and system for high-performance precision manipulation are presented. We also propose a slip metric to evaluate such performance quantitatively. Results indicate that the system can effectively detect incipient slip events at a sampling rate of 2kHz ($Δt = 500μs$) and suppress them before a gross slip occurs. The event-based approach holds promises to high precision manipulation task requirement in industrial manufacturing and household services.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures
Every 7-Dimensional Abelian Variety over the p-adic Numbers has a Reducible $\ell$-adic Galois Representation
Creators: name: A'Campo, Lambert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G10, 11F80

description: Let $K$ be a complete, discretely valued field with finite residue field and $G_K$ its absolute Galois group. The subject of this note is the study of the set of positive integers $d$ for which there exists an absolutely irreducible $\ell$-adic representation of $G_K$ of dimension $d$ with rational traces on inertia. Our main result is that non-Sophie Germain primes are not in this set when the residue characteristic of $K$ is $> 3$. The result stated in the title is a special case.
description: 4 pages
A Rising Tide of Anti-Animal Consumerism? Issues and Opportunities
Creators: name: Rae, Allan N.
name: Rae, Allan N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: livestock revolution
subject: diet transformation
subject: externalities
subject: opportunities

description: The livestock revolution that has occurred over the last few decades has seen a phenomenal increase in demand for livestock products in much of the developing world. This has largely been matched with growth in supplies, driven by government policies, and increased animal numbers and productivity. But this growth has been accompanied by a number of side-effects which in many cases impose negative externalities on society and suggest that current trends in animal product consumption are unsustainable. As a result there is emerging an anti-animal sentiment among some consumer groups. These people are concerned about livestock issues such as human health effects, biodiversity losses, deforestation, emissions to the air and water, diversion of grains from human to animal consumption, and animal welfare. Each of these will be discussed and it will be suggested that pastoral producers in New Zealand have the opportunity to respond in ways that may increase their market share through appropriate recognition of consumer concerns.
Transport coefficients in large N_f gauge theories with massive fermions
Creators: name: Aarts, Gert
name: Resco, Jose M. Martinez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the shear viscosity and the electrical conductivity in gauge theories with massive fermions at leading order in the large N_f expansion. The calculation is organized using the 1/N_f expansion of the 2PI effective action to next-to-leading order. We show explicitly that the calculation is gauge fixing independent and consistent with the Ward identity. We find that these transport coefficients depend in a nontrivial manner on the coupling constant and fermion mass. For large mass, both the shear viscosity and the electrical conductivity go to zero.
description: 38 pages, typos corrected, JHEP version
Application of the right of reproduction to the internet : should browsing be considered copyright infringement?
Creators: name: Sawicki, Marta Catherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The application of the right of reproduction, found in section 3 of the Copyright Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-42, to Internet browsing results in the conclusion that the mere viewing of a website or digitally accessing a work is potentially an act of copyright infringement. Such a conclusion is tantamount to granting copyright owners the right to control reading and to dictate how the public may legitimately use copyrighted works. This is an undesirable result in light of copyright law policy goals, and cannot be justified under the utilitarian approach to copyright law. There should be an implied licence to make temporary reproductions of copyrighted works expressed in digital form necessary for acts of digital communication like Internet browsing. A copyright regime that recognizes the difference between reading and browsing on the one hand, and copying on the other, is needed. The viability of an implied licence in this context is examined using a primarily doctrinal method, based on traditional concepts of legal research. Elements of a law and society approach are also incorporated. Other options, such as express licence and the introduction of an appropriate statutory exception based on the Australian model, are also explored and recommended. The rise of digital media, the creation of a global market, and the popularization of the Internet have brought about powerful cultural changes which demand that our perceptions of intellectual property rights be revisited. Due to the inherent differences between the print and digital environments, copyright law needs to adapt, on the basis of public policy, to the differences in the current copyright market. The efficacy of continuing to use reproduction as the means of measuring copyright infringement is discussed in light of this. Core intellectual property institutions in Canada are reviewed, along with an examination Of the relevant World Intellectual Property Organisation treaties and the American approach to copyright law in a digital context. Canada should not follow the American model, as it is overly protectionist and fails to strike an appropriate policy balance between the various stakeholders and competing interests involved in copyright law.
Limit theorems for Lévy flights on a 1D Lévy random medium
Creators: name: Stivanello, Samuele
name: Bet, Gianmarco
name: Bianchi, Alessandra
name: Lenci, Marco
name: Magnanini, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60G50, 60G55, 60F17 (Primary) 82C41, 60G51 (Secondary)

description: We study a random walk on a point process given by an ordered array of points $(ω_k, \, k \in \mathbb{Z})$ on the real line. The distances $ω_{k+1} - ω_k$ are i.i.d. random variables in the domain of attraction of a $β$-stable law, with $β\in (0,1) \cup (1,2)$. The random walk has i.i.d. jumps such that the transition probabilities between $ω_k$ and $ω_\ell$ depend on $\ell-k$ and are given by the distribution of a $\mathbb{Z}$-valued random variable in the domain of attraction of an $α$-stable law, with $α\in (0,1) \cup (1,2)$. Since the defining variables, for both the random walk and the point process, are heavy-tailed, we speak of a Lévy flight on a Lévy random medium. For all combinations of the parameters $α$ and $β$, we prove the annealed functional limit theorem for the suitably rescaled process, relative to the optimal Skorokhod topology in each case. When the limit process is not càdlàg, we prove convergence of the finite-dimensional distributions. When the limit process is deterministic, we also prove a limit theorem for the fluctuations, again relative to the optimal Skorokhod topology.
description: 30 pages, 3 figures. Final version for Electron. J. Probab
Snyder noncommutative space-time from two-time physics
Creators: name: Romero, Juan M.
name: Zamora, Adolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the two-time physics model leads to a mechanical system with Dirac brackets consistent with the Snyder noncommutative space. An Euclidean version of this space is also obtained and it is shown that both spaces have a dual system describing a particle in a curved space-time.
description: 5 pages, RevTeX4. References added
Managing Heterogeneous Substrate Resources by Mapping and Visualization Based on Software-Defined Network
Creators: name: Javadpour, Amir
name: Wang, Guojun
name: Xing, Xiaofei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Network virtualization is a way to simultaneously run multiple heterogeneous architectures on a shared substrate. The main issue in the virtualization of networks is the problem of mapping virtual networks to the substrate network. How to manage substrate resources when performing the mapping will have an effective role in improving the use of infrastructure resources and consequently better mapping. By writing a module in the controller for dynamic resource management, an initial mapping has been attempted until the request arrives, if sufficient resources are available, but until the arrival of the n request that their initial mapping is successful, writing the rules in the switches is postponed. The simulation results with the NS2 simulator showed that compared to the two similar approaches, the proposed method could reduce the delay and the cost by maintaining the acceptance rate. Keywords: Heterogeneous, Network virtualization, Software-defined network, Virtual network mapping, Substrate Resources
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2004.09193
Short term effects of moderate carbon prices on land use in the New Zealand emissions trading system: LURNZ-climate land use change simulations
Creators: name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Power, William
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Power, William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy
Industrial Organization
International Relations/Trade
Land Economics/Use
Livestock Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) was introduced through the Climate Change Response Act in September 2008 and remains in force. The forestry sector has been directly affected by the NZ ETS since 1 January 2008 and stationary energy, liquid fuels and industrial emissions have been affected since 1 July 2010. When it is fully implemented in 2015 it will cover all sources and gases including agricultural emissions. Using the Land Use in Rural New Zealand model (LURNZ), we simulate rural land use changes that could be driven by the NZETS in order that we can explore their potential implications for emissions and removals (sequestration) and rural incomes and land values. This paper documents our simulation methods and presents short term (up to 2015) simulations for moderate prices ($25 New Zealand dollars per tonne of CO2-e) where our current modelling techniques are most robust.
Pseudogap and antiferromagnetic correlations in the Hubbard model
Creators: name: Macridin, Alexandru
name: Jarrell, Mark
name: Maier, Thomas
name: Kent, P. R. C.
name: D'Azevedo, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the dynamical cluster approximation and quantum monte carlo we calculate the single-particle spectra of the Hubbard model with next-nearest neighbor hopping $t'$. In the underdoped region, we find that the pseudogap along the zone diagonal in the electron doped systems is due to long range antiferromagnetic correlations. The physics in the proximity of $(0,π)$ is dramatically influenced by $t'$ and determined by the short range correlations. The effect of $t'$ on the low energy ARPES spectra is weak except close to the zone edge. The short range correlations are sufficient to yield a pseudogap signal in the magnetic susceptibility, produce a concomitant gap in the single-particle spectra near $(π,π/2)$ but not necessarily at a location in the proximity of Fermi surface.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Electroweak baryogenesis by primordial black holes in Brans-Dicke modified gravity
Creators: name: Aliferis, Georgios
name: Zarikas, Vasilios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A successful baryogenesis mechanism is proposed in the cosmological framework of Brans-Dicke modified gravity. Primordial black holes with small mass are produced at the end of the Brans-Dicke field domination era. The Hawking radiation reheats a spherical region around every black hole to a high temperature and the electroweak symmetry is restored there. A domain wall is formed separating the region with the symmetric vacuum from the asymmetric region where electroweak baryogenesis takes place. First order phase transition is not needed. In Brans-Dicke cosmologies black hole accretion can be strong enough to lead to black holes domination which extends the lifetime of black holes and therefore baryogenesis. The analysis of the whole scenario, finally, results in the observed baryon number which can be achieved for a CP-violation angle that is predicted by observationally accepted Two-Higgs Doublet Models. The advantage of our proposed scenario is that naturally provides both black hole domination and more efficient baryogenesis for smaller CP violating angles compared to the same mechanism applied in a FRW cosmological background.
Good Industry-good Investments
Creators: name: Greer, Glen
name: Zwart, Tony
name: Greer, Glen
name: Zwart, Tony
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: industry-good investment evaluation
subject: cost-benefit

description: New Zealand primary sector industry approaches to industry-good investment, and the approaches to evaluation reported in the literature were reviewed to provide understanding of the key issues in ensuring such investments meet stakeholder needs. The extent to which planning and evaluation processes are linked to achievement of measurable industry objectives varies widely amongst primary sector industries, reflecting differing industry sizes and resource levels. Although these factors inevitably influence investment opportunities and the resources available for planning and monitoring profoundly, a framework has been developed to accommodate these differences, and to be of value to all industries.
Effect of Electron-Electron Interactions on Metallic State in Quasicrystals
Creators: name: Sakai, Shiro
name: Koga, Akihisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the effect of electron-electron interactions on the metallic state of quasicrystals. To address the problem, we introduce the extended Hubbard model on the Ammann-Beenker tiling as a simple theoretical model. The model is numerically solved within an inhomogeneous mean-field theory. Because of the lack of periodicity, the metallic state is nonuniform in the electron density even in the noninteracting limit. We clarify how this charge distribution pattern changes with electron-electron interactions. We find that the intersite interactions change the distribution substantially and in an electron-hole asymmetric way. We clarify the origin of these changes through the analyses in the real and perpendicular spaces. Our results offer a fundamental basis to understand the electronic states in quasicrystalline metals.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Priorities for, and preferred approaches to, management of New Zealand fresh waters
Creators: name: Hughey, Kenneth F.D.
name: Kerr, Geoffrey N.
name: Cullen, Ross
name: Shen, Fujun
name: Hughey, Kenneth F.D.
name: Kerr, Geoffrey N.
name: Cullen, Ross
name: Shen, Fujun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: public perceptions
subject: fresh water
subject: New Zealand
subject: economic instruments
subject: management

description: Since 2000 six standardised biennial public surveys of the state of the New Zealand environment have been undertaken. A fresh water case study was included in the 2010 postal survey and in an electronic survey. Desirable futures for New Zealand's fresh water resources, sources of damage to freshwater, preferred management approaches, and views about charges for commercial uses of water are reported. Respondents desire high quality water, are not prepared to trade that off for damaging economic gains, and support charges for commercial uses of water. We report public preferences for tools to manage water use.
Consumer attitudes towards sustainability attributes on food labels
Creators: name: Saunders, Caroline M.
name: Guenther, Meike
name: Kaye-Blake, William
name: Miller, Sini
name: Tait, Peter R.
name: Saunders, Caroline M.
name: Guenther, Meike
name: Kaye-Blake, William
name: Miller, Sini
name: Tait, Peter R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: food labeling
subject: carbon footprint
subject: discrete choice modeling

description: With current concerns about climate change and the general status of the environment, there is an increasing expectation that products have sustainability credentials, and that these can be verified. Labelling is a common method of communicating certain product attributes to consumers that may influence their choices. There are different types of labels with several functions. The aim of this study is to investigate consumers‟ purchase decisions towards certain sustainability claims on food products, particularly by displaying the reduction of carbon emissions. Choice outcomes will be evaluated using Discrete Choice Modelling (DCM). Data for the study is obtained by a web-based consumer survey undertaken in the United Kingdom (UK). Results provide information on different attributes effects on consumers‟ purchase decisions, particularly their willingness to pay. This study provides information on consumers‟ attitudes that will assist industries and firms to benefit from market opportunities, in particular assessing the methods by which carbon footprinting measures can be incorporated alongside information on other sustainability criteria in product marketing.
D-Brane Dynamics and NS5 Rings
Creators: name: Thomas, Steven
name: Ward, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the classical motion of a probe D-brane moving in the background geometry of a ring of NS5 branes, assuming that the latter are non-dynamical. We analyse the solutions to the Dirac-Born-Infield (DBI) action governing the approximate dynamics of the system. In the near horizon (throat) approximation we find several exact solutions for the probe brane motion. These are compared to numerical solutions obtained in more general cases. One solution of particular interest is when the probe undergoes oscillatory motion through the centre of the ring (and perpendicular to it). By taking the ring radius sufficiently large, this solution should remain stable to any stringy corrections coming from open-strings stretching between the probe and the NS5-branes along the ring.
description: 17 pages, Latex, 8 figures; References added
Forecasting of New Zealand whole milk powder prices
Creators: name: Forbes, Rod
name: Forbes, Rod
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Whole milk powder
subject: globalDairyTrade
subject: price forecasting

description: This paper explains a short term forecasting approach that uses whole milk powder prices from Fonterra’s globalDairyTrade. The latter provides forward contract prices eight months out from each event. The cumulative impact of up to seven successive events provides reasonable expectations around future turning points for Statistics New Zealand’s FOB export prices expressed in United States dollars.
Pricing an Extension Service for Organic Farmers and Growers
Creators: name: Parminter, Terry G.
name: Botha, Neels
name: Tanner, Jon
name: Parminter, Terry G.
name: Botha, Neels
name: Tanner, Jon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Organic
subject: extension
subject: governance
subject: funding

description: The organics sector is expanding rapidly and the Board of Organics Aotearoa New Zealand considers that the future provision of an extension service is needed to underpin the ability of producers to efficiently convert to organic systems and then to further develop the sustainability of their systems. This project commissioned by Organics Aotearoa New Zealand in 2008 considers four possible organisational structures for delivering such a service. The first possible structure is a complete extension service for organic producers that combines national coordination, standard setting and information management with a local problem-solving and sector development service. Option 2 is a more centralised option, especially useful for producers at the beginning of their system conversions to organics when advice to them can be more prescriptive. Option 3 provides decentralised learning opportunities for producers out in the regions and so is more of a “bottom-up” approach to extension. Option 4 is a user-pays option where only those people directly involved in a project need make any contribution to the costs of the extension service. Option 1 requires funding for each producer of more than $250 per annum and needs over $2 million gross income before the full service could be provided. Option 2 requires 2000 producers to be financially viable and funding of less than the equivalent of $250 per annum per grower. Option 3 requires 7000 producers involved before the costs are reduced to the equivalent of less than $250 per annum per grower. Option 4 would be viable with funding equivalent to less than $250 per annum per grower. The Board wanted an extension service that minimised central overheads, provided a variety of learning styles, and served the needs of both organic start-ups and established producers. It was recommended to the Board of Organics Aotearoa that they proceed with Option 3. The Board decided that Option 2 better fitted the resources that they had available, and this approach has been working well.
Theoretical and observational constraints on regularized 4$D$ Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Feng, Jia-Xi
name: Gu, Bao-Min
name: Shu, Fu-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Regularized Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) theory of gravity in four dimensions is a new attempt to include nontrivial contributions of Gauss-Bonnet term. In this paper, we make a detailed analysis on possible constraints of the model parameters of the theory from recent cosmological observations, and some theoretical constraints as well. Our results show that the theory with vanishing bare cosmological constant, $Λ_0$, is ruled out by the current observational value of $w_{de}$, and the observations of GW170817 and GRB 170817A as well. For nonvanishing bare cosmological constant, instead, our results show that the current observation of the speed of GWs measured by GW170817 and GRB 170817A would place a constraints on $\tildeα$, a dimensionless parameter of the theory, as $-7.78\times10^{-16}\le \tildeα \leq 3.33\times10^{-15}$.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures; improvements to presentation, some of the content reordered, and new content added to roughly comment about the scalar perturbations, version to be published in PRD
Building open cultures : the Commons in a digitally networked environment
Creators: name: Riede, Lutz
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: At last, the cultural wars of the early digital age have broken out. The Internet and digital processing technologies have made it easier for individuals and communities to access and exchange information and thereby easier to create. However, powerful interests currently work to reshape the architecture of the information environment to retain control over cultural production and the flow of information. My thesis analyzes two major conflicts within the efforts to map the boundaries of this digital ecosystem. Firstly, the thesis shifts its focus to wireless communications. While the radio spectrum has been traditionally managed by allocating frequencies through governmental licensing, recent proposals suggest a trend towards a market-based property regime. The purpose of this part is to discuss a spectrum Commons as a third way to manage this resource. Such an alternative would free up spectrum for sharing by many users without governmental authority. Secondly, I trace the development of contemporary copyright law. Copyright law has seen a steady expansion in scope and is now being used to complement digital copy protection technologies in the struggle to capture and control commercial content in digital form. I focus on the enclosure of the public domain as the resource pool of raw material every future creator needs to build upon. Currently, we observe an increasing privatization through the application of traditional tangible property concepts to resources like ideas, culture, information and airwaves. In response, the emerging Free Culture movement argues for a balanced copyright regime and communications policy. The theory of the Commons could serve as the conceptual framework for such a paradigm shift. This thesis promotes the Commons as a sustainable way of resource management for the digitally networked environment.
Lessons Learned from Four More Years of Fume Events Reported to the FAA
Creators: name: Anderson, Judith
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: aviation
air
cabin
cabin air
cabin air quality
fume event
fume
smoke
odor
fluid
airline
report
crew
injury
delay
cancellation
SDR
Airbus
Boeing
A320
B737
B787
ACA2024-PRE
ACA2024

description: This presentation describes the relative frequency of oil and hydraulic fluid fumes in the ventilation supply air ("fume events") as reported by US airlines to the Federal Aviation Administration over a recent four-year period. Engine oil and hydraulic fluid were the most prevalent sources of reported onboard fumes (45%), followed by electrical systems (20%), and fans (5.8%). The author compared these findings to those from a similar review of smoke and fume events that US airlines reported to the FAA from 2002-11. The author also characterized how the US fleet changed from 2002 to 2023, and whether aircraft type is a risk factor for fume events. The data show that during the recent study period, A320F aircraft made up 20% of the US fleet, but 75% of the reported fume events. Conversely, B737F aircraft made up 27% of the US fleet, but only 3.3% of the reported fume events. The reports indicate that the location and design of the APU inlet on A320F aircraft is problematic. To avoid repeat events, maintenance staff must find and address the source of fumes and then must clean contaminated ducting and system components downstream.
description: This is a publication from the International Aircraft Cabin Air Conference 2024 (London, 17-18 September 2024)
A Rudin--de Leeuw type theorem for functions with spectral gaps
Creators: name: Dyakonov, Konstantin M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30H10, 30J10, 42A32, 46A55

description: Our starting point is a theorem of de Leeuw and Rudin that describes the extreme points of the unit ball in the Hardy space $H^1$. We extend this result to subspaces of $H^1$ formed by functions with smaller spectra. More precisely, given a finite set $\mathcal K$ of positive integers, we prove a Rudin--de Leeuw type theorem for the unit ball of $H^1_{\mathcal K}$, the space of functions $f\in H^1$ whose Fourier coefficients $\widehat f(k)$ vanish for all $k\in\mathcal K$.
description: 8 pages; this is an abridged version of arXiv:2102.05857
The Agricultural Production Survey: The purpose and operation
Creators: name: Groves, Stephen
name: Groves, Stephen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: agriculture
subject: survey
subject: methodology
subject: statistics

description: The Agricultural Production Survey (APS) is Statistics New Zealand’s vehicle for collecting important information about New Zealand’s primary production. It is an annual postal survey and covers land use, livestock and arable farming, horticultural and forestry production, and selected farm practices. The APS programme started with a census in 2002, and continues a history of official statistics that covers agriculture over the past 150 years. The programme has been designed to provide a relevant and stable time series of data, which this paper will demonstrate by describing the programme’s methodology and operation.
Faster Mean-shift: GPU-accelerated clustering for cosine embedding-based cell segmentation and tracking
Creators: name: Zhao, Mengyang
name: Jha, Aadarsh
name: Liu, Quan
name: Millis, Bryan A.
name: Mahadevan-Jansen, Anita
name: Lu, Le
name: Landman, Bennett A.
name: Tyskac, Matthew J.
name: Huo, Yuankai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recently, single-stage embedding based deep learning algorithms gain increasing attention in cell segmentation and tracking. Compared with the traditional "segment-then-associate" two-stage approach, a single-stage algorithm not only simultaneously achieves consistent instance cell segmentation and tracking but also gains superior performance when distinguishing ambiguous pixels on boundaries and overlaps. However, the deployment of an embedding based algorithm is restricted by slow inference speed (e.g., around 1-2 mins per frame). In this study, we propose a novel Faster Mean-shift algorithm, which tackles the computational bottleneck of embedding based cell segmentation and tracking. Different from previous GPU-accelerated fast mean-shift algorithms, a new online seed optimization policy (OSOP) is introduced to adaptively determine the minimal number of seeds, accelerate computation, and save GPU memory. With both embedding simulation and empirical validation via the four cohorts from the ISBI cell tracking challenge, the proposed Faster Mean-shift algorithm achieved 7-10 times speedup compared to the state-of-the-art embedding based cell instance segmentation and tracking algorithm. Our Faster Mean-shift algorithm also achieved the highest computational speed compared to other GPU benchmarks with optimized memory consumption. The Faster Mean-shift is a plug-and-play model, which can be employed on other pixel embedding based clustering inference for medical image analysis. (Plug-and-play model is publicly available: https://github.com/masqm/Faster-Mean-Shift)
Contested rights in cyberspace
Creators: name: Song, Longmei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Ongoing development in the Internet technology and usage has brought controversies over the definition and scope of different private rights in connection with the use of the Internet. While relevant legal reforms and academic commentaries have mainly focused on institutional reform or micro-behavioral regulation, this thesis attempts to examine information rights in a bigger picture, by questioning the rationales and values that underpin current major regulatory regimes. Privacy right and copyright, two relatively well defined fields in most liberal democratic nations, now are subject to diverse contests as a result both of the traditional dichotomy of the public and the private power in neoliberal regimes and of the control battle in which technology colludes with law to change the established equilibrium in the real world as well as in the cyberspace. Despite the varying regulatory preferences between the United States ("bottom up") and the European Union ("top down"), the prevalence rhetoric of private ordering - that cyberspace should avoid coercive rules laid by sovereign governments and welcome a laissez-faire network of contracts and customary norms - covers the factual assumptions of these norms. The central question dealt by the thesis is: how much control should we allow over information, and by whom should this control be exercised? The thesis examines the major decision-makers and stakeholders in the information market; it also analyzes the dynamic process that enforces and legitimizes such decisions. The thesis takes side with technorealism that advocates rights consciousness, as most information-related rights are now being regulated in a more surreptitious way than before. If we are to have alternatives to the digital libertarianism, we will have to contribute our own input to the process of shaping and re-defining rights in cyberspace as well as in the real world. On the other hand, it calls for a right level of abstraction. We need to reconceptualize information privacy and copyright in cyberspace because doing so brings better understanding of the power structure of current Internet regulation, which in turn directs popular attention to focus on the ends rather than the means of regulation.