cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unlimited Liability and Law Firm Organization: Tax Factors and the Direction of Causation
Creators: name: Gilson, Ronald J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Law offices
subject: Law partnership
subject: Limited liability
subject: Law firms--Economic aspects
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Economics

description: In a recent issue of this Journal, Carr and Mathewson (1988) test a model of the impact of limited and unlimited liability regimes on the nature of firms by comparing the performance of law firms operated as partnerships and sole proprietorships (and therefore subject to unlimited liability) with that of law firms operated as corporations (and therefore subject to limited liability).' In their model, "unlimited liability by raising the cost of ownership rights discourages investment in the firm, causing legal firms to be inefficiently small" (p. 779). The peculiar history of organizational form in the legal profession seemed to provide an opportunity to test their model's prediction. Prior to the 1960s, state law prevented law firms from incorporating, with the effect that unlimited liability was mandated. During the 1960s and early 1970s, a large number of states passed statutes that allowed law and other professional service firms to incorporate, thereby giving such firms the option to elect either an unlimited or a limited liability regime. The result was a universe that included some law firms that were subject to unlimited liability and some that were subject to limited liability.
Partially Screened Gap -- general approach and observational consequences
Creators: name: Szary, Andrzej
name: Melikidze, George I.
name: Gil, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of the thermal X-ray emission from radio pulsars implicate that the size of hot spots is much smaller then the size of the polar cap that follows from the purely dipolar geometry of pulsar magnetic field. Most plausible explanation of this phenomena is an assumption that the magnetic field at the stellar surface differs essentially from the purely dipolar field. We can determine magnetic field at the surface by the conservation of the magnetic flux through the area bounded by open magnetic field lines. Then the value of the surface magnetic field can be estimated as of the order of $10^{14}$ G. On the other hand observations show that the temperature of the hot spot is about a few million Kelvins. Based on these observations the Partially Screened Gap (PSG) model was proposed which assumes that the temperature of the actual polar cap (hot spot) equals to the so called critical temperature. We discuss correlation between the temperature and corresponding area of the thermal X-ray emission for a number of pulsars. The results of our analysis show that the PSG model is suitable to explain both cases: when the hot spot is smaller and larger then conventional polar cap. We argue that in the second case structure and curvature of field lines allow pair creation in the closed field lines region thus the secondary particles can heat the stellar surface outside the actual polar cap. We have found that the Curvature Radiation (CR) plays dominant role in avalanche pair production in the PSG. We studied dependence of the PSG parameters on the pulsar period, the magnetic field strength and the curvature of field lines.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, conference; Corrected typos in equations for the parameter b; in proceedings of "High Time Resolution Astrophysics (HTRA) IV - The Era of Extremely Large Telescopes"
Hybrid ventilation in residential and office buildings
Creators: name: Hoffmann, Caroline
name: Hauri, Claudia
name: Primas, Alex
name: Dorer, Viktor
name: Huber, Heinrich
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hybrid ventilation
subject: Residential buildings
subject: Office buildings
subject: 600 - Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften

description: This project is focused on hybrid ventilation systems, a combination of natural and mechanical ventilation in residential and office buildings. Especially in dwellings hybrid ventilation systems are quite common. For instance, this can be the frequently occurring combination of exhaust fans in bathroom and toilet and / or a range hood in the kitchen with window ventilation in the other rooms. Currently, these systems are part of the planning reality, however, there are neither planning aids nor focused building standards available. A recently completed research project documents the state of the scientific knowledge, identifies most common planning challenges, and thus provides the basis for future planning aids for hybrid ventilation. This paper sets out to define the term "hybrid ventilation", presents the most common hybrid ventilation systems in Switzerland and gives planning guidelines for current components of hybrid ventilation systems.
title: Pancreas in children: from head to tail
Creators: name: Gonzalo Carballés, Marta
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Pancreas
subject: Abdomen
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review the common and uncommon pancreatic anomalies in the paediatric population. To discuss the imaging technique of choice and the differential diagnosis in each case. To illustrate key radiological findings which may provide a correct...
Reconsidering the Planck Area and Volume via Natural Geometry - v.20250328
Creators: name: Kaczorowski, Alain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Planck length
Planck Scale
Space Granulometry

description: This paper reexamines the standard interpretation of the Planck area and volume, which are typically defined as the square and cube of the Planck length lP. We propose that if lP is interpreted as the diameter of a minimal disc or sphere in space, then the corresponding surface and volume should be calculated using the natural geometric formulas for area and volume of a circle and a sphere. Specifically, the Planck surface should be defined as (pi/4)* lP^2, and the Planck volume as (pi/6)* lP^3. This reinterpretation ensures a more accurate alignment with the geometry of physical space.
Modeling Collisional Cascades In Debris Disks: Steep Dust-Size Distributions
Creators: name: Gáspár, András
name: Psaltis, Dimitrios
name: Rieke, George H.
name: Özel, Feryal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the evolution of the mass distribution of dust in collision-dominated debris disks, using the collisional code introduced in our previous paper. We analyze the equilibrium distribution and its dependence on model parameters by evolving over 100 models to 10 Gyr. With our numerical models, we confirm that systems reach collisional equilibrium with a mass distribution that is steeper than the traditional solution by Dohnanyi (1969). Our model yields a quasi steady-state slope of n(m) ~ m^{-1.88} [n(a) ~ a^{-3.65}] as a robust solution for a wide range of possible model parameters. We also show that a simple power-law function can be an appropriate approximation for the mass distribution of particles in certain regimes. The steeper solution has observable effects in the submillimeter and millimeter wavelength regimes of the electromagnetic spectrum. We assemble data for nine debris disks that have been observed at these wavelengths and, using a simplified absorption efficiency model, show that the predicted slope of the particle mass distribution generates SEDs that are in agreement with the observed ones.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, Accepted by ApJ, emulateapj
Coherent optical wireless communications over atmospheric turbulence channels
Creators: name: Niu, Mingbo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Recent advances in free-space optics have made outdoor optical wireless communication (OWC) an attractive solution to the “last-mile” problem of broadband access networks. Significant chal- lenges can, however, arise for OWC links with increased levels of atmospheric turbulence from time-varying temperatures and pressures. As a promising alternative to the current generation of on-off keying (OOK) direct detection based OWC system, the coherent OWC system is studied in this thesis for a variety of turbulence conditions. Since coherent OWC system performance is found to be impaired severely under strong turbulence conditions, spatial diversity techniques, e.g., maximum ratio combining (MRC), equal gain combining (EGC), and selection combining (SC), are adopted to overcome turbulence impacts. The results are then generalized to Gamma-Gamma turbulence for MRC and EGC with perfect channel or phase estimation. The impacts of phase noise compensation error on coherent OWC system performance are investigated, and it is found that such impacts can be small when the standard deviation of the phase noise compensation error is kept below twenty degrees. A postdetection EGC scheme using differential phase-shift keying (PSK) is proposed and is shown to be a viable alternative to overcome phase noise impacts. The subcarrier intensity modulation (SIM) based OWC system has been proposed as another alternative to the OOK system. With a unified average signal-to-noise ratio definition, system per- formance is compared for coherent and SIM links over the Gamma-Gamma turbulence channels. Closed-form error rate expressions are derived for coherent and SIM systems using MRC, EGC and SC schemes. It is found that the coherent systems outperform the SIM systems significantly. The benefits of coherent systems come chiefly from the large local oscillator power which eliminates the effects of the thermal and ambient noises that dominate in SIM systems.
Reevaluation of the Planck Scale in a Discrete Framework (v.20250304)
Creators: name: Kaczorowski, Alain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Planck length
Planck Scale
Space Granulometry

description: This paper proposes a reevaluation of the Planck scale by considering space as fundamentally discrete. Unlike a truly discrete dimension, the Planck length l_P appears to function more as a limit imposed by quantum gravity rather than as a fundamental unit of space granulometry. This distinction challenges the classical approach of constructing areas and volumes by simple multiplication of l_P. Instead, we suggest that a Planck surface should be defined as l_P ×1 m and a Planck volume as l_P ×1 m ×1 m, ensuring consistency with indivisibility.

Furthermore, we propose that, due to its fundamental nature, l_P should be interpreted as a radius rather than a diameter, as the latter implies a midpoint, which contradicts the indivisibility principle. Using shape correction factors (π/2 for areas and 3/4π for volumes), we establish a consistent metric for discrete space, motivated by the natural geometric distribution of energy within constrained regions. This work has implications for quantum gravity, black hole thermodynamics, and the nature of fundamental spacetime structure.
Family Law Cases as Law Reform Litigation: Unrecognized Parents and the Story of Alison D. v. Virginia M.
Creators: name: Goldberg, Suzanne B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Custody of children
subject: Same-sex marriage
subject: Domestic relations
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: One might ask, in light of the law’s intransigence in New York, why bother? Is law reform litigation in this area, no matter how carefully crafted, an exercise in futility? Certainly, if one evaluates the work by the win-loss record of advocates for non-legal lesbian mothers in New York during the past decade, there would seem to be little value in continuing to seek law reform on this issue. Yet to stop now would be to miss one of the central points of law reform litigation. As discussed at the outset, law reform cases are defined, in part, by an effort to move beyond the status quo and change the law in ways that advocates believe are in the interest of justice. Winning a lawsuit can accomplish this, of course. Even when cases are lost, however, the very act of litigating against injustice can sometimes be an important step toward a victory on a similar issue in a subsequent lawsuit. The drumbeat of lawsuits maintains both public and legal attention, helping to ensure that this class of litigants will not be forgotten. Further, repeated, unsuccessful litigation shows, in stark relief, the terrible losses caused by an approach to family law that, in this area, is unresponsive to family life. The litigation, in other words, helps shape the public conversation. It frames a problem and proposes a solution. Consequently, although lawyers for individuals like Alison continue to engage the same types of strategic questions about how best to persuade courts to recognize family relationships that are visible everywhere except in the law, the backdrop against which they are working is different, and richer, than when Alison first brought her case. There is now a documented history of the custody and visitation law’s non-responsiveness to families in which one parent is legally recognized and the other is not. In this history lies the opportunity for law reform efforts to continue, and for advocates to work on framing and reframing the story so that, one day, telling the family story in this kind of case will become run-of- the-mill family court conflict-resolution fare, rather than an achievement in and of itself.
Additional file 3 of Evaluation of auto-segmentation accuracy of cloud-based artificial intelligence and atlas-based models
Creators: name: Urago, Yuka
name: Okamoto, Hiroyuki
name: Kaneda, Tomoya
name: Murakami, Naoya
name: Kashihara, Tairo
name: Takemori, Mihiro
name: Nakayama, Hiroki
name: Iijima, Kotaro
name: Chiba, Takahito
name: Kuwahara, Junichi
name: Katsuta, Shouichi
name: Nakamura, Satoshi
name: Chang, Weishan
name: Saitoh, Hidetoshi
name: Igaki, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Supplementary Table 2: The relative error between manual and automatic delineation volume at each organ.
title: Dynamic ultrasound of abdominal wall hernias
Creators: name: Campos, Nuno
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Small bowel
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Hernia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Illustrate the most common types of abdominal wall hernias. Describe the proper dynamic ultrasound technique for evaluating anterior abdominal wall...
The Treasures of Howe and Greenberg
Creators: name: Roskies, David G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: Jewish literature
Jews

description: In the first two decades of this century, when literary manifestos were very much in vogue, the burning issue was that of cultural renewal: Was it to come from within, by reappropriating the past, or from without, by celebrating the present and incorporating its chaotic norms? Neo-classicists and symbolists squared off against Futurists and Expressionists. The revival of folklore, myth and metaphysics was countered by the supremacy of the masses, the machine and the psyche. One rarely thinks of editors and translators, those workhorses of the literary establishment, venturing forth into such treacherous terrain, but as Dov Sadan was the first to note, the Jewish centers of Odessa and Warsaw with Bialik at the head of one and Frischman at the head of the other, were divided over this very issue, and much of their competing energies were channeled into the work of translation. Each was additionally in charge of the means of production—Bialik as editor-in-chief of the Dvir Publishing House and Frischman of Stiebel—so that policy was translated into the distribution of real books.
Handling uncertainty in hydrologic analysis and drought risk assessment using Dempster-Shafer theory
Creators: name: Zargar Yaghoobi, Amin H.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: The aim of this thesis is to enhance some of the hydrologic analyses involved in drought risk assessment (DRA) to uncertainty-driven analyses therefore improving the accuracy and informativeness of DRA. In DRA, risk, or the expected loss from drought hazard is estimated by integrating the magnitude of hazard (i.e., drought severity) with vulnerability (i.e., susceptibility to losses from drought). Most hydrologic analyses including DRA are traditionally performed in a deterministic setting, ignoring data quality and uncertainty issues. Uncertainty can affect the accuracy of modeling results and undermine subsequent decision making. In order to handle uncertainty in DRA, this thesis uses the Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) which provides a unified platform for modeling and propagating uncertainty in the forms of variability, conflict and incompleteness. First, DST is used to model and propagate uncertainty arisen from a high degree of conflict between two datasets of a drought hazard indicator, the snow water equivalent. Four DST combination rules are used for conflict-resolution and results unanimously indicate a high possibility of drought. Second, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is used as a generic measure of hazard and is linked directly with wildfire risk in current and future climate scenarios. Using DST, modifications are introduced into SPI, enabling the integration of uncertainty analysis with SPI processes. The resulting enhanced SPI can model the effects of long-term shifts in climate normals on drought hazard while simultaneously evaluating the significance of these shifts within the range of surrounding uncertainty. Later, vulnerability to wildfire is simulated using enhanced SPI and two additional variables: evaporation and firefighting capacity. The estimated risk indicates that forests in Okanagan Basin are vulnerable to wildfires during periods of 2040-2069 and 2070-2099 unless the firefighting capacity is enhanced with a presumed rate. Through the successful implementation of DST into DRA processes, this research demonstrates the capability of DST in improving hydrologic analyses and enhancing informativeness in the water resources arena in general.
title: Save It for Tomorrow’s Race: A Review of Peripheral Artery Disease and Endovascular Management
Creators: name: Marquez, Rocio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Thrombolysis
subject: Stents
subject: Angioplasty
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Vascular
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Arteries / Aorta

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Targeted review of vascular anatomy. Review diagnosis of peripheral artery disease. Review risk factors, clinical presentation and classification of peripheral artery disease. Discuss treatment options available including medical management, as well...
Stability of Impurities with Coulomb Potential in Graphene with Homogeneous Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Maier, Thomas
name: Siedentop, Heinz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q10

description: Given a 2-dimensional no-pair Weyl operator with a point nucleus of charge Z, we show that a homogeneous magnetic field does not lower the critical charge beyond which it collapses.
description: J. Math. Phys. (in press)
Additional file 4 of Evaluation of auto-segmentation accuracy of cloud-based artificial intelligence and atlas-based models
Creators: name: Urago, Yuka
name: Okamoto, Hiroyuki
name: Kaneda, Tomoya
name: Murakami, Naoya
name: Kashihara, Tairo
name: Takemori, Mihiro
name: Nakayama, Hiroki
name: Iijima, Kotaro
name: Chiba, Takahito
name: Kuwahara, Junichi
name: Katsuta, Shouichi
name: Nakamura, Satoshi
name: Chang, Weishan
name: Saitoh, Hidetoshi
name: Igaki, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4. Supplementary Table 3: The Pearson's correlation coefficient between three similarity indexes and volumes at each site of head and neck cancer patients.
Commentary on Liu et al, ‘Prevalence and patterns of tobacco smoking among Chinese adult men and women: findings of 2010 national smoking survey’
Creators: name: Stellman, Steven D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Smoking
Propaganda
Tobacco
Public health

description: Loomings

I first became cognizant of the massive public health problem of tobacco use in China at a 1985 IARC conference in Moscow organised by David Zaridze and Richard Peto (later Sir Richard), where Yu-Tang Gao of the Shanghai Cancer Institute reported that “about half of the male adults in Shanghai are smokers.”1 Smoking prevalence in the USA had not been that high since the early 1970s; by 1985 it was 36.8% in US white males2 and only 23.6% in more than half a million male participants in Cancer Prevention Study 2.3
Algebraic and analytic Dirac induction for graded affine Hecke algebras
Creators: name: Ciubotaru, Dan
name: Opdam, Eric M.
name: Trapa, Peter E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E50, 20C08

description: We define the algebraic Dirac induction map $\Ind_D$ for graded affine Hecke algebras. The map $\Ind_D$ is a Hecke algebra analog of the explicit realization of the Baum-Connes assembly map in the $K$-theory of the reduced $C^*$-algebra of a real reductive group using Dirac operators. The definition of $\Ind_D$ is uniform over the parameter space of the graded affine Hecke algebra. We show that the map $\Ind_D$ defines an isometric isomorphism from the space of elliptic characters of the Weyl group (relative to its reflection representation) to the space of elliptic characters of the graded affine Hecke algebra. We also study a related analytically defined global elliptic Dirac operator between unitary representations of the graded affine Hecke algebra which are realized in the spaces of sections of vector bundles associated to certain representations of the pin cover of the Weyl group. In this way we realize all irreducible discrete series modules of the Hecke algebra in the kernels (and indices) of such analytic Dirac operators. This can be viewed as a graded Hecke algebra analogue of the construction of discrete series representations for semisimple Lie groups due to Parthasarathy and Atiyah-Schmid.
description: 37 pages, revised introduction, updated references, minor corrections
Introduction
Creators: name: Roskies, David G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Hebrew language--Translating into English
Jewish literature
Jews

description: For all that Sholem Aleichem seemed to have always belonged in the public domain, the translation, editing and posthumous publishing of his works became something of a family monopoly, so that his prodigious output appeared in truncated form and bore an official stamp that we are only now beginning to unfix. If the pace and scope of recent (re)translations of his work into Hebrew and English are any indication, the new Sholem Aleichem oeuvre that emerges may bear little resemblance to that which was commonly known before.
title: The ultimate guide for laryngeal ultrasonography: what is there to see
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Carolina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Screening
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Head and neck
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: - Describe the normal anatomy and dynamic study of the larynx using high-resolution ultrasound (US). - Define the limitations and main indications of ultrasonography in the study of the...
Risky Arguments in Social-Justice Litigation: The Case of Sex Discrimination and Marriage Equality
Creators: name: Goldberg, Suzanne B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Marriage law
subject: Same-sex marriage--Law and legislation
subject: Social justice
subject: Sex discrimination--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This Essay takes up the puzzle of the risky argument or, more precisely, the puzzle of why certain arguments do not get much traction in advocacy and adjudication even when some judges find them to be utterly convincing. Through a close examination of the sex discrimination argument’s evanescence in contemporary marriage litigation, this Essay draws lessons about how and why arguments become risky in social-justice cases and whether they should be made nonetheless. The marriage context is particularly fruitful because some judges, advocates, and scholars find it “obviously correct” that laws excluding same-sex couples from marriage discriminate facially based on sex or impose sex stereotypes. Yet advocates have tended to minimize these arguments and most judges either sidestep or go out of their way to reject them. Certain kinds of arguments, including the sex-discrimination argument in marriage cases, turn out to pose greater risks than others because they ask decisionmakers to confront long-settled social hierarchies and norms, such as those associated with gender roles. As a result, they risk inciting Burkean anxieties about the dangers of nonincremental change. Arguments that ask less of decisionmakers, such as those about animus associated with a particular enactment—or that have a more limited reach, such as heightened scrutiny for sexual orientation at a time when few explicitly antigay laws remain—are less likely to provoke that discomfort. Moreover, a win on these narrower arguments can also erode stereotypes and norms underlying a challenged law or social policy. In marriage cases, for example, a pro-equality ruling helps call longstanding marital gender roles into question even if the court’s decision never mentions sex discrimination. Still, risky arguments add value within litigation by powerfully calling attention to deep problems that underlie a challenged law. Through close study of these costs and benefits, the risky-argument frame advanced here aims to illuminate the complex dynamics of argumentation in the litigation and adjudication of social-justice cases.
Intuition, Morals, and the Legal Conversation About Gay Rights
Creators: name: Goldberg, Suzanne B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Same-sex marriage--Law and legislation
subject: Social justice
subject: Gay rights
subject: Sex discrimination--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: When lawyers and judges converse in litigation, factual and legal analysis typically takes center stage. Yet, when the legal conversation turns to the rights of lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals, the ground shifts. Intuition and morals rationales often displace evidence-based reasoning. More specifically, arguments to limit the rights of lesbians and gay men tend to depend explicitly on intuition, and sometimes morality, in ways that contemporary arguments to restrict the rights of other social groups rarely do.

In addressing this dissonance, this essay has two central aims. The first is simply to observe the disproportionate openness to arguments based on intuition and morals in legal conversation regarding gay rights, particularly in equal protection litigation. The second is to consider some of the functions and consequences of intuition-based arguments in legal conversations more generally. I concentrate primarily on intuition-based arguments because they are the focus of scholarly inquiry less often than morals arguments, although I address morals-based arguments as well. I begin by sketching the work that intuitions do in sexual orientation cases. Against this backdrop, I propose that the explicit proffer of intuitions and moral claims as rationales for government action in cases involving the rights of lesbians and gay men, while pleasingly transparent, also raises troubling problems for legal decision-makers. Finally, I offer some brief thoughts as to why intuition- and morals-based arguments are so freely made in connection with challenges to sexual orientation-based distinctions, when references to similar intuitions and moral views would not typically appear in conversations about other types of government action.
title: Child Bone Age: Normal, Abnormal and Variants
Creators: name: Dautt Medina, Paulette
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Endocrine disorders
subject: Education and training
subject: Normal variants
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Paediatric
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Anatomy

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To know the normal development of bones in the child's hand 2. To identify the main anatomical variants 3. To know the endocrinological development diseases 4. To establish an order for the best interpretation 5. To master the different imaging...
Maximally localized Wannier functions for ultracold atoms in one-dimensional double-well periodic potentials
Creators: name: Modugno, Michele
name: Pettini, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a method for constructing generalized Wannier functions that are maximally localized at the minima of a one-dimensional periodic potential with a double-well per unit cell. By following the approach of (Marzari M and Vanderbilt D 1997 Phys. Rev. B 56, 12847), we consider a set of band-mixing Wannier functions with minimal spread, and design a specific two-step gauge transformation of the Bloch functions for a composite two band system. This method is suited to efficiently compute the tight-binding coefficients needed for mapping the continuous system to a discrete lattice model. Their behaviour is analyzed here as a function of the symmetry properties of the double-well (including the possibility of parity-breaking), in a range of feasible experimental parameters.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures; revised version; corrected Figs. 2 and 8; added references
Additional file 1 of Collusion of α-Synuclein and Aβ aggravating co-morbidities in a novel prion-type mouse model
Creators: name: Lloyd, Grace M.
name: Dhillon, Jess-Karan S.
name: Gorion, Kimberly-Marie M.
name: Riffe, Cara
name: Fromholt, Susan E.
name: Xia, Yuxing
name: Giasson, Benoit I.
name: Borchelt, David R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. L85 and nTg Mice do not Exhibit αSyn Pathology Despite αSyn PFF-injection. Representative images showing immunohistochemistry of tissue sections stained using antibodies specific for phosphorylated αSyn (81A), αSyn (2H6) and p62/sequestrasome-1 from αSyn PFF-injected nTg and αSyn PFF-injected L85 mice in the 10-month-old (4 m.p.i.) cohort. No inclusions of endogenous αSyn were observed in these cohorts. Scale bar: 100 μm. The images shown are representative of independent IHC stains from all animals. Supplemental Figure 2. M20 and nTg Mice do not Exhibit Aβ Pathology. Representative images showing IHC using antibodies specific for Aβ (AB5), on sections from 10-month-old (4 m.p.i.) αSyn PFF-injected nTg and M20 mice. No Aβ plaque pathology was observed in these cohorts. Scale bar: 200 μm. The images shown are representative of independent IHC stains from all animals. Supplemental Figure 3. Analysis of Aβ and αSyn pathology by sex. Semi-quantitative data for Aβ deposits and αSyn pathology levels in 10-month-old L85 and dTg mice are graphed according to sex. Female, PBS-injected L85 and dTg mice tended to have higher numbers of Aβ deposits (A-B). There was no statistically significant difference between males and females with either Aβ plaque deposition or αSyn inclusion pathology (A-C); therefore, all quantitative analyses combined data from both sexes.
Berkeley Supernova Ia Program I: Observations, Data Reduction, and Spectroscopic Sample of 582 Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Silverman, Jeffrey M.
name: Foley, Ryan J.
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Ganeshalingam, Mohan
name: Barth, Aaron J.
name: Chornock, Ryan
name: Griffith, Christopher V.
name: Kong, Jason J.
name: Lee, Nicholas
name: Leonard, Douglas C.
name: Matheson, Thomas
name: Miller, Emily G.
name: Steele, Thea N.
name: Barris, Brian J.
name: Bloom, Joshua S.
name: Cobb, Bethany E.
name: Coil, Alison L.
name: Desroches, Louis-Benoit
name: Gates, Elinor L.
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Jha, Saurabh W.
name: Kandrashoff, Michael T.
name: Li, Weidong
name: Mandel, Kaisey S.
name: Modjaz, Maryam
name: Moore, Matthew R.
name: Mostardi, Robin E.
name: Papenkova, Marina S.
name: Park, Sung
name: Perley, Daniel A.
name: Poznanski, Dovi
name: Reuter, Cassie A.
name: Scala, James
name: Serduke, Franklin J. D.
name: Shields, Joseph C.
name: Swift, Brandon J.
name: Tonry, John L.
name: Van Dyk, Schuyler D.
name: Wang, Xiaofeng
name: Wong, Diane S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this first paper in a series we present 1298 low-redshift (z\leq0.2) optical spectra of 582 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed from 1989 through 2008 as part of the Berkeley SN Ia Program (BSNIP). 584 spectra of 199 SNe Ia have well-calibrated light curves with measured distance moduli, and many of the spectra have been corrected for host-galaxy contamination. Most of the data were obtained using the Kast double spectrograph mounted on the Shane 3 m telescope at Lick Observatory and have a typical wavelength range of 3300-10,400 Ang., roughly twice as wide as spectra from most previously published datasets. We present our observing and reduction procedures, and we describe the resulting SN Database (SNDB), which will be an online, public, searchable database containing all of our fully reduced spectra and companion photometry. In addition, we discuss our spectral classification scheme (using the SuperNova IDentification code, SNID; Blondin & Tonry 2007), utilising our newly constructed set of SNID spectral templates. These templates allow us to accurately classify our entire dataset, and by doing so we are able to reclassify a handful of objects as bona fide SNe Ia and a few other objects as members of some of the peculiar SN Ia subtypes. In fact, our dataset includes spectra of nearly 90 spectroscopically peculiar SNe Ia. We also present spectroscopic host-galaxy redshifts of some SNe Ia where these values were previously unknown. [Abridged]
description: 34 pages, 11 figures, 11 tables, revised version, re-submitted to MNRAS. Spectra will be released in January 2013. The SN Database homepage (http://hercules.berkeley.edu/database/index_public.html) contains the full tables, plots of all spectra, and our new SNID templates
The Holocaust According to the Literary Critics
Creators: name: Roskies, David G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1981
Subjects: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) in literature
Jewish literature
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
Jews

description: "Ask now and see, was there ever such a holocaust as this since the days of Adam?" The question posed by Eliezer bar Nathan in the breathing space between the First and Second Crusades has resurfaced with especial force in our own generation. For unlike our ancestors who expected so little from their neighbors, we had all our hopes invested in the promise of secular society, even turning in our God for other gods. Then, as now, the catastrophe has brought about an upsurge of mysticism, a turning to the demonic for explanation. Our thinkers reared on science and positivism convert to a kind of religious syncretism that brings together Kabbalah and Christianity, Midrash and Manicheism. No words seem to do justice to what our eyes have seen. We dare not even utter the designated word for the murder of our people and speak instead of the Event, something so ineffable that, like the name of God, it can be invoked only by a double euphemism. If our ancestors found the Akedah, multiplied a thousand fold, to signify their mass martyrdom, we grope with borrowed terms to express the sense of unprecedented horror: the Mysterium Tremendum, the mass crucifixion, the Gotterdammerung. Then, as now, new words were coined, only ours derive from concentration camp Esperanto and from Nazi-Deutsch, not from the Holy Tongue. Then, as now, the beloved cities of Europe became cities of slaughter, and a few place names were selected to represent the many. The landscape of our death is dotted with so many ghettos, camps and extermination sites that Warsaw, Auschwitz and Babi Yar have come to be used as mnemonics. Then, as now, history was transformed into liturgy and the victims assumed religious significance.
Non-Abelian statistics of vortices with non-Abelian Dirac fermions
Creators: name: Yasui, Shigehiro
name: Hirono, Yuji
name: Itakura, Kazunori
name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend our previous analysis on the exchange statistics of vortices having a single Dirac fermion trapped in each core, to the case where vortices trap two Dirac fermions with U(2) symmetry. Such a system of vortices with non-Abelian Dirac fermions appears in color superconductors at extremely high densities, and in supersymmetric QCD. We show that the exchange of two vortices having doublet Dirac fermions in each core is expressed by non-Abelian representations of a braid group, which is explicitly verified in the matrix representation of the exchange operators when the number of vortices is up to four. We find that the result contains the matrices previously obtained for the vortices with a single Dirac fermion in each core as a special case. The whole braid group does not immediately imply non-Abelian statistics of identical particles because it also contains exchanges between vortices with different numbers of Dirac fermions. However, we find that it does contain, as its subgroup, a genuine non-Abelian statistics for the exchange of the identical particles, that is, vortices with the same number of Dirac fermions. This result is surprising compared with conventional understanding because all Dirac fermions are defined locally at each vortex, unlike the case of Majorana fermions for which Dirac fermions are defined non-locally by Majorana fermions located at two spatially separated vortices.
description: 32 pages, no figures, v3: published version
Strong Lensing by a Node of the Cosmic Web. The Core of MACS J0717.5+3745 at z=0.55
Creators: name: Limousin, M.
name: Ebeling, H.
name: Richard, J.
name: Swinbank, A. M.
name: Smith, G. P.
name: Jauzac, M.
name: Rodionov, S.
name: Ma, C. -J.
name: Smail, I.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: Jullo, E.
name: Kneib, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a strong-lensing analysis of MACS J0717.5+3745 (hereafter MACS J0717), an extremely X-ray luminous galaxy cluster at z=0.55. Observations at different wavelengths reveal a complex and dynamically very active cluster, whose core is connected to a large scale filament extended over several Mpc. Using multi-passband imaging data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), we identify 15 multiply imaged systems across the full field of view of ACS, five of which we confirmed spectroscopically in groundbased follow-up observations with the Keck telescope. We use these multiply imaged systems to constrain a parametric model of the mass distribution in the cluster core, employing a new parallelized version of the Lenstool software. The main result is that the most probable description of the mass distribution comprises four cluster-scale dark matter haloes. The total mass distribution follows the light distribution but strongly deviates from the distribution of the intra-cluster gas as traced by the X-ray surface brightness. This confirms the complex morphology proposed by previous studies. We interpret this segregation of collisional and collisionless matter as strong evidence of multiple mergers and ongoing dynamical activity. MACS J0717 thus constitutes one of the most disturbed clusters presently known and, featuring a projected mass within the ACS field of view (R=150"=960 kpc) of 2.11 +- 0.23 x 10^{15} M_{sun}, the system is also one of the most massive known.
description: Accepted, conclusion unchanged. A misidentification of a multiply imaged system has been spotted thanks to CLASH data. Paper can be found at http://www.dark-cosmology.dk/~marceau/marceau0717.pdf
Additional file 1 of Synaptic tau: A pathological or physiological phenomenon?
Creators: name: Robbins, Miranda
name: Clayton, Emma
name: Kaminski Schierle, Gabriele S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Table 1. The proteins discussed in this article that are capable of binding to Tau and have involvement in synaptic pathways.
Coulomb distortion and medium corrections in nucleon-removal reactions
Creators: name: Karakoc, M.
name: Banu, A.
name: Bertulani, C. A.
name: Trache, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One-nucleon removal reactions at or above the Fermi energy are important tools to explore the single-particle structure of exotic nuclei. Experimental data must be compared with calculations to extract structure information, evaluate correlation effects in nuclei or determine reaction rates for nuclear astrophysics. However, there is insufficient knowledge to calculate accurately the cross sections for these reactions. We evaluate the contributions of the final state interaction (FSI) and of the medium modifications of the nucleon-nucleon interactions and obtain the shapes and magnitudes of momentum distributions. Such effects have been often neglected in the literature. Calculations for reactions at energies 35 - 1000 MeV/nucleon are reported and compared to published data. For consistency, the state-of-the-art eikonal method for stripping and diffraction dissociation is used. We find that the two effects are important and their relative contributions vary with the energy and with the atomic and mass number of the projectile involved. These two often neglected effects modify considerably the one-nucleon removal cross sections. As expected, the effect are largest at lower energies, around 50 MeV/nucleon and on heavy targets.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures. Accpeted for publication in the Physical Review C. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:nucl-th/0407026 by other authors
Proclamation
Creators: name: Greenberg, Uri Zvi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Jewish poetry
Jewish literature
Jews

description: A bridge, four walls and a rafter for the lone and homeless poets as they roam through foreign lands to the many centers of the Jewish people's exterritoriality. Literary diffusion. I do not mean: mere talents, poets-in-the-making, or their publishable wares. Now is not the time for literary experiments. A generation is bleeding from the throat; puking from the mind. A lacerated age running or writhing in convulsions (winners' or diers' throes). Disruption in the depths. Smoldering on the plains. And the gifted ones are sparks, invisible in time of conflagration. They are but loners, confined in narrow places. Not to be confused with those whose spirit was nurtured in the Sturm und Ehrang and whose minds cleaved unto the universal: Man You-Are-Numbered-in-the-Millions.
title: ISC23 Project Poster: OpenGPT-X – Training Large Language Models on HPC Systems
Creators: name: John, Chelsea Maria
Publisher: name: Accelerating Devices Lab
Year: 2023
Subjects: HPC
GPU
OpenGPTX
Poster

description: At ISC23, we presented a project poster about the OpenGPT-X project - including a performance comparison of ResNet50 training on A100, MI250, Graphcore.
PREDIÇÃO DE TEMPO DE ASSENTAMENTO, RAZÃO SINAL-RUÍDO E SELETIVIDADE DE DIFERENTES NANOBIOSSENSORES ESFÉRICOS PARA DETECÇÃO DE PARTÍCULAS DO VÍRUS DA FEBRE VIRAL HEMORRÁGICA AFRICANA
Creators: name: Santiago de Lima Garcia, Rômulo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Nanobiotechnology

description: Foram avaliadas diferentes configurações de nanobiossensores esféricos de raio 5.10^-7, 10.10^-7 ou 25.10^-7 cm, revestidos com 1,0.10^10, 2,0.10^10 ou 5.10^10 unidades/cm², quanto aos seus tempos de assentamento, seletividade especificidade.