cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Statistical Hypotheses Using Weakly-Identifiable Estimating Functions: Testing under weak identifiability
Creators: name: CAO, GUANQUN
name: FINE, JASON P.
name: YANG, LIJIAN
name: TODEM, DAVID
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Many statistical models arising in applications contain non- and weakly-identified parameters. Due to identifiability concerns, tests concerning the parameters of interest may not be able to use conventional theories and it may not be clear how to assess statistical significance. This paper extends the literature by developing a testing procedure that can be used to evaluate hypotheses under non- and weakly-identifiable semiparametric models. The test statistic is constructed from a general estimating function of a finite dimensional parameter model representing the population characteristics of interest, but other characteristics which may be described by infinite dimensional parameters, and viewed as nuisance, are left completely unspecified. We derive the limiting distribution of this statistic and propose theoretically justified resampling approaches to approximate its asymptotic distribution. The methodology’s practical utility is illustrated in simulations and an analysis of quality-of-life outcomes from a longitudinal study on breast cancer.
The effect of job strain on nighttime blood pressure dipping among men and women with high blood pressure
Creators: name: Fan, Lin-Bo
name: Blumenthal, James A
name: Sherwood, Andrew
name: Hinderliter, Alan L
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Blunted nighttime blood pressure dipping is an established cardiovascular risk factor. This study examined the effect of job strain on nighttime blood pressure dipping among men and women with high blood pressure.
Quantifying the Effect of Matrix Structure on Multithreaded Performance of the SpMV Kernel
Creators: name: Kimball, Daniel
name: Michel, Elizabeth
name: Keltcher, Paul
name: Wolf, Michael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) is the core operation in many common network and graph analytics, but poor performance of the SpMV kernel handicaps these applications. This work quantifies the effect of matrix structure on SpMV performance, using Intel's VTune tool for the Sandy Bridge architecture. Two types of sparse matrices are considered: finite difference (FD) matrices, which are structured, and R-MAT matrices, which are unstructured. Analysis of cache behavior and prefetcher activity reveals that the SpMV kernel performs far worse with R-MAT matrices than with FD matrices, due to the difference in matrix structure. To address the problems caused by unstructured matrices, novel architecture improvements are proposed.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures. IEEE HPEC 2014
THE DYNAMICS OF EMERGING SECONDARY CAPITAL MARKET – A CASE STUDY OF N.S.E
Creators: name: Aiyejuro, Samson Agbodiona
Publisher: name: Leeds Beckett University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The search for factors influencing prices of shares is one area of modern economic research that is being studied most intensively especially in view of recurring crashes in different capital markets. This study aims to establish factors that led to crash of prices of shares on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) in 2008 as well as determinant of such prices in the emerging capital market. The research is based on regression analysis, analytical review of financial statements of some of the Companies quoted on NSE, and a survey of randomly selected investors in the market. The regression analysis shows that prices of shares on NSE largely depend on returns on other investment options and dividends. It further shows that contrary to a priori expectation, prices of shares are inversely related to exchange rate, and notably, output growth. Analytical review of sampled financial statements shows that prices of shares responded to the related entities’ earnings report as contained in the financial statements. It further shows the need to look beyond just the figures. Survey analysis re-affirms a strong relationship between dividend payment by the entities listed on the NSE and their share prices. It however, shows that financial position of the entities is not a significant factor impacting prices of shares in the market. The general conclusions of this study are that prices of shares in the market responded mainly to returns on other investment options and dividend payments by the quoted entities. This realization led to manipulations of financial statements and declaration of dividends even when the true state of affairs of the entities did not support same. It was the widespread of this practice aided by the weak regulatory environment and speculative buying of shares by unsuspecting investors that led to eventual crash in the NSE in 2008.
Post-main sequence thermal evolution of planetesimals
Creators: name: Li, Yuqi
name: Bonsor, Amy
name: Shorttle, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: White dwarfs that have accreted planetary materials provide a powerful tool to probe the interiors and formation of exoplanets. In particular, the high Fe/Si ratio of some white dwarf pollutants suggests that they are fragments of bodies that were heated enough to undergo large-scale melting and iron core formation. In the solar system, this phenomenon is associated with bodies that formed early and so had short-lived radionuclides to power their melting, and/or grew large. However, if the planetary bodies accreted by white dwarfs formed during the (pre)-main sequence lifetime of the host star, they will have potentially been exposed to a second era of heating during the star's giant branches. This work aims to quantify the effect of stellar irradiation during the giant branches on planetary bodies by coupling stellar evolution to thermal and orbital evolution of planetesimals. We find that large-scale melting, sufficient to form an iron core, can be induced by stellar irradiation, but only in close-in small bodies: planetesimals with radii $\lesssim$ 30 km originally within $\sim$ 2 AU orbiting a 1$-$3$\,M_{\odot}$ host star with solar metallicity. Most of the observed white dwarf pollutants are too massive to be explained by the accretion of these small planetesimals that are melted during the giant branches. Therefore, we conclude that those white dwarfs that have accreted large masses of materials with enhanced or reduced Fe/Si remain an indicator of planetesimal's differentiation shortly after formation, potentially linked to radiogenic heating.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures
Risperidone Versus Olanzapine for Treatment of Schizophrenia
Creators: name: Stroup, T. S.
name: Jayaram, M. B.
name: Hosalli, P. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Antipsychotic medication is a mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia. Risperidone and olanzapine are popular choices among the new generation drugs.
Experts' understanding of partial derivatives using the Partial Derivative Machine
Creators: name: Roundy, David
name: Dorko, Allison
name: Dray, Tevian
name: Manogue, Corinne A.
name: Weber, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Partial derivatives are used in a variety of different ways within physics. Most notably, thermodynamics uses partial derivatives in ways that students often find confusing. As part of a collaboration with mathematics faculty, we are at the beginning of a study of the teaching of partial derivatives, a goal of better aligning the teaching of multivariable calculus with the needs of students in STEM disciplines. As a part of this project, we have performed a pilot study of expert understanding of partial derivatives across three disciplines: physics, engineering and mathematics. Our interviews made use of the Partial Derivative Machine (PDM), which is a mechanical system featuring four observable and controllable properties, of which any two are independent. Using the PDM, we probed expert understanding of partial derivatives in an experimental context in which there is not a known functional form. Through these three interviews, we found that the mathematicians exhibited a striking difference in their understanding of derivatives relative to the other groups. The physicists and engineers were quick to use measurements to find a numeric approximation for a derivative. In contrast, the mathematicians repeatedly returned to speculation as to the functional form, and although they were comfortable drawing qualitative conclusions about the system from measurements, were reluctant to approximate the derivative through measurement. This pilot study led us to further questions. How do fields differ in their experts' concept image of partial derivatives? What representations of partial derivatives are preferred by experts? We plan to address these questions by means of further interviews with a wider range of disciplinary experts.
Liquid-organic time projection chamber for detecting low energy antineutrinos
Creators: name: Radermacher, Thomas
name: Bosse, Johannes
name: Friedrich, Sarah
name: Göttsche, Malte
name: Roth, Stefan
name: Schwefer, Georg
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530

description: 26 Seiten (2023).
From explosive to infinite-order transitions on a hyperbolic network
Creators: name: Singh, Vijay
name: Brunson, C. T.
name: Boettcher, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the phase transitions that emerge from the recursive design of certain hyperbolic networks that includes, for instance, a discontinuous ("explosive") transition in ordinary percolation. To this end, we solve the $q$-state Potts model in the analytic continuation for non-integer $q$ with the real-space renormalization group. We find exact expressions for this one-parameter family of models that describe the dramatic transformation of the transition. In particular, this variation in $q$ shows that the discontinuous transition is generic in the regime $q<2$ that includes percolation. A continuous ferromagnetic transition is recovered in a singular manner only for the Ising model, $q=2$. For $q>2$ the transition immediately transforms into an infinitely smooth order parameter of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) type.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, http://www.physics.emory.edu/faculty/boettcher/
The Functional Significance of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Review
Creators: name: Couture, S. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Deficits in a wide array of functional outcome areas (eg, social functioning, social skills, independent living skills, etc) are marked in schizophrenia. Consequently, much recent research has attempted to identify factors that may contribute to functional outcome; social cognition is one such domain. The purpose of this article is to review research examining the relationship between social cognition and functional outcome. Comprehensive searches of PsycINFO and MEDLINE/PUBMED were conducted to identify relevant published manuscripts to include in the current review. It is concluded that the relationship between social cognition and functional outcome depends on the specific domains of each construct examined; however, it can generally be concluded that there are clear and consistent relationships between aspects of functional outcome and social cognition. These findings are discussed in light of treatment implications for schizophrenia.
The Illness Management and Recovery Program: Rationale, Development, and Preliminary Findings
Creators: name: Mueser, K. T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) program was developed based on a comprehensive review of research on teaching illness self-management strategies to clients with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses and “packaged” in a resource kit to facilitate dissemination. Despite growing dissemination of this program, it has not yet been empirically validated. This article describes the development and theoretical underpinnings of the IMR program and presents pilot data from the United States and Australia (N = 24, 88% schizophrenia or schizoaffective) on the effects of individual-based and group-based treatment over the 9-month program and over a 3-month follow-up. High satisfaction was reported by participants. Strong improvements over treatment and at follow-up were found in clients' self-reported effectiveness in coping with symptoms and clinicians' reports of global functioning and moderate improvements in knowledge about mental illness, distress related to symptoms, hope, and goal orientation. These findings support the feasibility and promise of the IMR program and point to the need for controlled research to rigorously evaluate its effects.
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Activation of a Social Cognitive Neural Network and Social Functioning
Creators: name: Ruparel, K.
name: Hopfinger, J. B.
name: Pinkham, A. E.
name: Penn, D. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Previous work examining the neurobiological substrates of social cognition in healthy individuals has reported modulation of a social cognitive network such that increased activation of the amygdala, fusiform gyrus, and superior temporal sulcus are evident when individuals judge a face to be untrustworthy as compared with trustworthy. We examined whether this pattern would be present in individuals with schizophrenia who are known to show reduced activation within these same neural regions when processing faces. Additionally, we sought to determine how modulation of this social cognitive network may relate to social functioning. Neural activation was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging with blood oxygenation level dependent contrast in 3 groups of individuals—nonparanoid individuals with schizophrenia, paranoid individuals with schizophrenia, and healthy controls—while they rated faces as either trustworthy or untrustworthy. Analyses of mean percent signal change extracted from a priori regions of interest demonstrated that both controls and nonparanoid individuals with schizophrenia showed greater activation of this social cognitive network when they rated a face as untrustworthy relative to trustworthy. In contrast, paranoid individuals did not show a significant difference in levels of activation based on how they rated faces. Further, greater activation of this social cognitive network to untrustworthy faces was significantly and positively correlated with social functioning. These findings indicate that impaired modulation of neural activity while processing social stimuli may underlie deficits in social cognition and social dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Application of Electroencephalography to the Study of Cognitive and Brain Functions in Schizophrenia
Creators: name: van der Stelt, O.
name: Belger, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded from the human scalp is widely used to study cognitive and brain functions in schizophrenia. Current research efforts are primarily devoted to the assessment of event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related oscillations (EROs), extracted from the ongoing EEG, in patients with schizophrenia and in clinically unaffected individuals who, due to their family history and current mental status, are at high risk for developing schizophrenia. In this article, we discuss the potential usefulness of ERPs and EROs as genetic vulnerability markers, as pathophysiological markers, and as markers of possible ongoing progressive cognitive and cortical deterioration in schizophrenia. Our main purpose is to illustrate that these neurophysiological measures can offer valuable quantitative biological markers of basic pathophysiological mechanisms and cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia, yet they may not be specific to current psychiatry's diagnosis and classification. These biological markers can provide unique information on the nature and extent of cognitive and brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. Moreover, they can be utilized to gain deeper theoretical insights into illness etiology and pathophysiology and may lead to improvements in early detection and more effective and targeted treatment of schizophrenia. We conclude by addressing several key methodological, conceptual, and interpretative issues involved in this research field and by suggesting future research directions.
Allium oleraceum subsp. oleraceum
Creators: name: Falcinelli, Francesco
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Donnini, Domizia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Asparagales
Amaryllidaceae
Allium
Allium oleraceum

description: Allium oleraceum L. subsp. oleraceum (Amaryllidaceae )
Specie nuova per l’Umbria.
 Assisi (Perugia), Montarone, versante N, nelle vicinanze di La Casella (UTM WGS84: 33T 312.4775), orlo di cerreta, suolo calcareo, 620 m, 21 Iul 2009, F. Falcinelli (PERU); ibidem, 22 Iul 2015, F. Falcinelli (APP); Spoleto (Perugia), M. Solenne, versante N (UTM WGS84: 33T 319.4726), orlo di cerreta, suolo calcareo, 910 m, 7 Aug 2009, F. Falcinelli (PERU); ibidem, 935 m, 25 Iul 2015, F. Falcinelli (APP); Foligno (Perugia), M. di Morro, versante E (UTM WGS84: 33T 323.4757), orlo di cerreta, suolo calcareo, 960 m, 14 Aug 2011, F. Falcinelli (PERU).
Osservata inoltre nella seguente località: Assisi (Perugia), F.so Marchetto, destra orografica, nei pressi di P.te Cavaliero (UTM WGS84: 33 T 311.4773), orlo di cerreta, suolo calcareo, 435 m, 23 Iul 2015.
 In Italia nota per quasi tutte le regioni, con lacune in Umbria, Puglia e Sardegna (Conti et al., 2005).
description: Published as part of Falcinelli, Francesco, Conti, Fabio & Donnini, Domizia, 2016, Secondo contributo alla flora vascolare dell'Umbria (Italia centrale), pp. 21-26 in Natural History Sciences 3 (1) on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.4081/nhs.2016.273, http://zenodo.org/record/12753769
title: Zur Erinnerung an Herrn Dr. Richard Temme-Diezinger sel.
title: geb.16. Juli 1843, gest.19. Juli 1919
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Miescher, Ernst Gottfried
Publisher: name: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]
Year: 1919
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Temme, Richard
subject: Basel

description: Enthält: Ansprache gehalten bei der stillen Bestattung am 22. Juli 1919 im Krematorium in Basel von E. Miescher, Pfarrer an St. Leonhard.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents With Schizophrenia
Creators: name: Findling, R. L.
name: Sikich, L.
name: McClellan, J. M.
name: Vinogradov, S.
name: Kumra, S.
name: Charles Schulz, S.
name: Oberstar, J. V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum (EOSS) disorders (onset of psychotic symptoms before 18 years of age) represent a severe variant associated with significant chronic functional impairment and poor response to antipsychotic treatment. All drugs with proven antipsychotic effects block dopamine D2 receptors to some degree. The ongoing development of the dopamine and other neurotransmitter receptor systems during childhood and adolescence may affect clinical response and susceptibility to side effects in youth. A literature search was conducted of clinical trials of antipsychotics in children and adolescents with EOSS disorders between 1980 and 2007 from the Medline database, reference lists, and conference proceedings. Trials were limited to double-blind studies of duration of 4 or more weeks that included 15 or more patients. Ten clinical trials were identified. Antipsychotic medications were consistently found to reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents when compared with placebo. The superiority of clozapine has been now demonstrated relative to haloperidol, standard-dose olanzapine, and “high-dose” olanzapine for EOSS disorders. However, limited comparative data are available regarding whether there are differences among the remaining second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in clinical effectiveness. The available data from short-term studies suggest that youth might be more sensitive than adults to developing antipsychotic-related adverse side effects (eg, extrapyramidal side effects, sedation, prolactin elevation, weight gain). In addition, preliminary data suggest that SGA use can lead to the development of diabetes in some youth, a disease which itself carries with it significant morbidity and mortality. Such a substantial risk points to the urgent need to develop therapeutic strategies to prevent and/or mitigate weight gain and diabetes early in the course of treatment in this population.
Formation of redbacks via accretion induced collapse
Creators: name: Smedley, Sarah L.
name: Tout, Christopher A.
name: Ferrario, Lilia
name: Wickramasinghe, Dayal T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the growing class of binary millisecond pulsars known as redbacks. In these systems the pulsar's companion has a mass between 0.1 and about 0.5 solar masses in an orbital period of less than 1.5 days. All show extended radio eclipses associated with circumbinary material. They do not lie on the period-companion mass relation expected from the canonical intermediate-mass X-ray binary evolution in which the companion filled its Roche lobe as a red giant and has now lost its envelope and cooled as a white dwarf. The redbacks lie closer to, but usually at higher period than, the period-companion mass relation followed by cataclysmic variables and low-mass X-ray binaries. In order to turn on as a pulsar mass accretion on to a neutron star must be sufficiently weak, considerably weaker than expected in systems with low-mass main-sequence companions driven together by magnetic braking or gravitational radiation. If a neutron star is formed by accretion induced collapse of a white dwarf as it approaches the Chandrasekhar limit some baryonic mass is abruptly lost to its binding energy so that its effective gravitational mass falls. We propose that redbacks form when accretion induced collapse of a white dwarf takes place during cataclysmic variable binary evolution because the loss of gravitational mass makes the orbit expand suddenly so that the companion no longer fills its Roche lobe. Once activated, the pulsar can ablate its companion and so further expand the orbit and also account for the extended eclipses in the radio emission of the pulsar that are characteristic of these systems. The whole period-companion mass space occupied by the redbacks can be populated in this way.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Quantum Theory of the Third-Harmonic Generation in Graphene
Creators: name: Mikhailov, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum theory of the third-harmonic generation in graphene is presented. An analytical formula for the nonlinear conductivity tensor $σ^{(3)}_{αβγδ}(ω,ω,ω)$ is derived. Resonant maxima of the third harmonic are shown to exist at low frequencies $ω\ll E_F/\hbar$, as well as around the frequency $ω=2E_F/\hbar$, where $E_F$ is the Fermi energy in graphene. At the input power of a CO$_2$ laser ($λ\approx 10$ $μ$m) of about 1 MW/cm$^2$ the output power of the third-harmonic ($λ\approx 3.3$ $μ$m) is expected to be $\simeq 50$ W/cm$^2$.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Molecular Targets for Treating Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Creators: name: Gray, J. A.
name: Roth, B. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia as deficits are present in the majority of patients, frequently precede the onset of other positive symptoms, persist even with successful treatment of positive symptoms, and account for a significant portion of functional impairment in schizophrenia. While the atypical antipsychotics have produced incremental improvements in the cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia, overall treatment remains inadequate. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in developing novel strategies for treating the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, focusing on ameliorating impairments in working memory, attention, and social cognition. Here we review various molecular targets that are actively being explored for potential drug discovery efforts in schizophrenia and cognition. These molecular targets include dopamine receptors in the prefrontal cortex, nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, the glutamatergic excitatory synapse, various serotonin receptors, and the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system.
From Old Symmetries to New Symmetries: Quarks, Leptons and B-L
Creators: name: Mohapatra, Rabindra N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Baryon-Lepton difference ($B-L$) is increasingly emerging as a possible new symmetry of the weak interactions of quarks and leptons as a way to understand the small neutrino masses. There is the possibility that current and future searches at colliders and in low energy rare processes may provide evidence for this symmetry. This paper provides a brief overview of the early developments that led to B-L as a possible symmetry beyond the standard model, and also discusses some recent developments.
description: 17 pages; 5 figures; Invited article for "Fifty years of Quarks" ed. by H. Fritzsch, to be published by World Scientific; some typos corrected
Testing the Surface Brightness Fluctuation Method on Dwarf Galaxies in the COSMOS Field
Creators: name: Foster, Lauren M.
name: Taylor, James E.
name: Blakeslee, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dwarf galaxies are important tracers of small-scale cosmological structure, yet much of our knowledge about these systems comes from the limited sample of dwarf galaxies within the Local Group. To make a comprehensive inventory of dwarf populations in the local Universe, we require effective methods for deriving distance estimates for large numbers of faint, low surface brightness objects. Here we test the surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) method, traditionally applied to brighter early-type galaxies, on a sample of 20 nearby dwarf galaxies detected in the COSMOS field. These objects are partially resolved in HST ACS images, and have confirmed redshift distances in the range 17-130 Mpc. We discuss the many model choices required in applying the SBF method, and explore how these affect the final distance estimates. Amongst other variations on the method, when applying the SBF method, we alter the standard equation to include a term accounting for the power spectrum of the background, greatly improving our results. For the most robust modelling choices, we find a roughly Gaussian SBF signal that correlates linearly with distance out to distances of 50-100 Mpc, but with only a fraction of the power expected. At larger distances, there is excess power relative to that predicted, probably from undetected point sources. Overall, obtaining accurate SBF distances to faint, irregular galaxies remains challenging, but may yet prove possible with the inclusion of more information about galaxy properties and point source populations, and the use of more advanced techniques.
description: 18 pages, 26 figures, accepted by MNRAS
North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study: A Collaborative Multisite Approach to Prodromal Schizophrenia Research
Creators: name: Cannon, T. D.
name: Heinssen, R.
name: Perkins, D. O.
name: Woods, S. W.
name: McGlashan, T. H.
name: Tsuang, M.
name: Walker, E. F.
name: Cornblatt, B.
name: Seidman, L. J.
name: Addington, J.
name: Cadenhead, K. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: This article presents the rationale, design, and preliminary findings of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS), a collaborative, multisite investigation into the earliest phase of psychotic illness. We describe how 8 independently conceived research projects were integrated methodologically, how diagnostic reliability was achieved across sites on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, and how baseline and follow-up data were aggregated for 888 at risk and comparison subjects. Data are presented describing the demographic, academic/work, and diagnostic characteristics of 3 relevant subgroups: persons at heightened clinical risk for psychosis, help-seeking comparison subjects, and nonpsychiatric controls. The NAPLS data set will be used to explore a series of questions related to prodromal psychosis, including the descriptive phenomenology of currently accepted diagnostic criteria, conversion rates over a 30-month period, predictors of psychosis onset and functional disability, and the impact of early treatment on the course of prodromal symptoms.
Forward genetic screen to identify global regulators of effector gene expression in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae
Creators: name: Molinari, Camilla
name: Bozeng Tang
name: Yan, Xia
name: Ryder, Lauren S
name: Wenbo Ma
name: Moscou, Matthew
name: Talbot, Nicholas J
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Global rice production is threatened by rice blast a devastating disease caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. To invade its host the fungus secretes a battery of effectors which are differentially expressed during infection with distinct functions and sub-cellular targets. Little is known, however, regarding the specific mechanisms by which M. oryzae regulates effector gene expression. Typically, effector-encoding genes are not expressed when the fungus is not growing in a plant and show enhanced expression during host infection. Based on this simple concept, we have designed a series of forward genetic screens to discover novel transcriptional regulators that control effector expression in the rice blast fungus. We have selected representative effector MEP3 which peaks in expression at 48h of M. oryzae infection. Then we constructed fusions of this effector to GFP and expressed it in M. oryzae. Later we selected mutants showing constitutive GFP expression, which must result from an alteration that leads to up-regulated effector gene expression. Using a combination of bioinformatic analysis and gene mapping experiments we have identified putative effector regulators in the rice blast fungus which are currently being validated through genetic complementation approaches. Altogether, using this forward genetic screen we aim to gain novel insights on effector regulation in the rice blast fungus, M. oryzae.
Evolution of Fullerenes in Circumstellar Envelopes by Carbon Condensation: Insights from Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Creators: name: Meng, Zhisen
name: Wang, Zhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fullerenes, including \ce{C60} and \ce{C70}, have been detected in various astronomical environments. Understanding how their structures evolve over time is essential for gaining insights into their life cycle and making further observations. To address this, we conducted reactive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the evolution of fullerenes in the circumstellar envelopes surrounding carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars. Our simulations employed a bottom-up chemistry scheme, wherein fullerenes grow by absorbing and condensing small carbon-based molecules. The results revealed the formation of different structures through heterogeneous reactions based on hydrogen concentration, leading to the emergence of onion-like nanostructures or single-layer fullerenes. To examine the impact of these structural changes on the infrared emission characteristics of fullerenes, we performed quantum chemical calculations. The results indicate that as fullerenes grow larger, additional emission features are introduced in the infrared spectrum. Moreover, two-layered fullerenes show noticeable blue-shift or weakening effects on the bands associated with out-of-plane vibration modes.
Antirrhinum latifolium Mill.
Creators: name: Falcinelli, Francesco
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Donnini, Domizia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Plantaginaceae
Antirrhinum
Antirrhinum latifolium

description: Antirrhinum latifolium Mill.
(Plantaginaceae)
Specie nuova per l’Umbria.
 Baschi (Terni), Mad.na della Pasquarella (UTM WGS84: 33T 279.4733), parete rocciosa esposta a S, suolo calcareo, 200 m, 9 Mai 2015, F. Falcinelli (APP).
 In Italia nota per Piemonte, Lombardia, dubbia per Trentino-Alto Adige, Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Toscana, Lazio, Abruzzo (Buffa et al., 1993; Conti et al., 2005; Pavesi & Giangreco, 2006).
description: Published as part of Falcinelli, Francesco, Conti, Fabio & Donnini, Domizia, 2016, Secondo contributo alla flora vascolare dell'Umbria (Italia centrale), pp. 21-26 in Natural History Sciences 3 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.4081/nhs.2016.273, http://zenodo.org/record/12753769
Optimal measurement-based feedback control for a single qubit: a candidate protocol
Creators: name: Balouchi, Ashkan
name: Jacobs, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Feedback control of quantum systems via continuous measurement involves complex nonlinear dynamics. Except in very special cases, even for a single qubit optimal feedback protocols are unknown. Not even do intuitive candidates exist for choosing the measurement basis, which is the primary non-trivial ingredient in the feedback control of a qubit. Here we present a series of arguments that suggest a particular form for the optimal protocol for a broad class of noise sources in the regime of good control. This regime is defined as that in which the control is strong enough to keep the system close to the desired state. With the assumption of this form the remaining parameters can be determined via a numerical search. The result is a non-trivial feedback protocol valid for all feedback strengths in the regime of good control. We conjecture that this protocol is optimal to leading order in the small parameters that define this regime. The protocol can be described relatively simply, and as a notable feature contains a discontinuity as a function of the feedback strength.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Matthiola incana subsp. incana
Creators: name: Falcinelli, Francesco
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Donnini, Domizia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Brassicales
Brassicaceae
Matthiola
Matthiola incana

description: Matthiola incana (L.) R.Br. subsp. incana (Brassicaceae )
Specie nuova per l’Umbria.
 Baschi (Terni), rupe presso Civitella del Lago (UTM WGS84: 33 T 277.4732), rupe calcarea (travertino), esposizione SO, 460 m, 6 Apr 2015, F. Falcinelli (APP).
 In Italia nota per la maggior parte delle regioni (Ricciardi et al., 2004; Conti et al., 2005; Di Pietro et al., 2007).
description: Published as part of Falcinelli, Francesco, Conti, Fabio & Donnini, Domizia, 2016, Secondo contributo alla flora vascolare dell'Umbria (Italia centrale), pp. 21-26 in Natural History Sciences 3 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.4081/nhs.2016.273, http://zenodo.org/record/12753769
Randomized Controlled Trials for Schizophrenia: Study Designs Targeted to Distinct Goals
Creators: name: Geddes, J. R.
name: Stroup, T. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Randomized controlled trials for antipsychotic drugs have a variety of design features suited to diverse purposes. Efficacy (or explanatory) trials seek to establish if a drug can reduce psychotic symptoms under ideal circumstances. To isolate drug effects, researchers enroll carefully selected patients. Specialized research personnel use rating scales of symptoms that are sensitive to drug effects as the study primary outcomes. Large simple trials (LSTs) are conducted at typical treatment settings with usual clinical personnel and enroll large numbers of participants so small but clinically important differences between treatment options can be detected. LSTs focus narrowly on clearly defined, patient-oriented outcomes. To some extent, practical trials can be conceptualized as hybrids of efficacy and large simple trials. Practical trials provide independent evidence to inform decision makers about the everyday effectiveness of clinically relevant alternative interventions. Practical trial researchers include a heterogeneous population of patients and collect data on a broad range of meaningful health outcomes at many types of practice settings intended to represent usual treatment. The designers of practical trials make trade-offs between internal validity, external validity, the breadth of issues addressed, and the ability to detect small differences. The different objectives of trials should be considered in the interpretation of the complete body of randomized evidence on antipsychotic drugs.
Recruitment and Treatment Practices for Help-Seeking "Prodromal" Patients
Creators: name: O'Brien, M.
name: Cannon, T.
name: Heinimaa, M.
name: Perkins, D.
name: McGlashan, T. H.
name: Walsh, B.
name: Woods, S. W.
name: Yung, A.
name: McGorry, P.
name: Addington, J.
name: Salokangas, R. K. R.
name: Penn, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The prodrome of psychosis has become a target for early identification and for treatments that address both symptoms and risk for future psychosis. Interest and activity in this realm is now worldwide. Clinical trials with rigorous methodology have only just begun, making treatment guidelines premature. Despite the sparse evidence base, treatments are currently applied to patients in the new prodromal clinics, usually treatments developed for established psychosis and modified for the prodromal phase. This communication will describe representative samplings of how treatment-seeking prodromal patients are currently recruited and treated in prodromal clinics worldwide. Recruitment includes how prodromal patients are sought, initially evaluated, apprised of their high-risk status, and informed of the risks and benefits of prodromal treatments and how their mental state is monitored over time. The treatment modalities offered (and described) include engagement, supportive therapy, case management, stress management, cognitive behavioral treatment, family-based treatment, antipsychotic pharmacotherapy, and non-antipsychotic pharmacotherapy. References for details are noted.
Optimal control theory with arbitrary superpositions of waveforms
Creators: name: Meister, Selina
name: Stockburger, Jürgen T.
name: Schmidt, Rebecca
name: Ankerhold, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard optimal control methods perform optimization in the time domain. However, many experimental settings demand the expression of the control signal as a superposition of given waveforms, a case that cannot easily be accommodated using time-local constraints. Previous approaches [1,2] have circumvented this difficulty by performing optimization in a parameter space, using the chain rule to make a connection to the time domain. In this paper, we present an extension to Optimal Control Theory which allows gradient-based optimization for superpositions of arbitrary waveforms directly in a time-domain subspace. Its key is the use of the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse as an efficient means of transforming between a time-local and waveform-based descriptions. To illustrate this optimization technique, we study the parametrically driven harmonic oscillator as model system and reduce its energy, considering both Hamiltonian dynamics and stochastic dynamics under the influence of a thermal reservoir. We demonstrate the viability and efficiency of the method for these test cases and find significant advantages in the case of waveforms which do not form an orthogonal basis.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: An Overview
Creators: name: Penn, D. L.
name: Roberts, D. L.
name: Sanna, L. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The purpose of this column is to provide an overview of social cognition in schizophrenia. The column begins with a short introduction to social cognition. Then, we describe the application of social cognition to the study of schizophrenia, with an emphasis on key domains (i.e., emotion perception, Theory of Mind, and attributional style). We conclude the column by discussing the relationship of social cognition to neurocognition, negative symptoms, and functioning, with an eye toward strategies for improving social cognition in schizophrenia.
Unusual phase transition in 1D localization and its observability in optics
Creators: name: Bozhevolnyi, S. I.
name: Suslov, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Localization of electrons in 1D disordered systems is usually described in the random phase approximation, when distributions of phases φand θ, entering the transfer matrix, are considered as uniform. In the general case, the random phase approximation is violated, and the evolution equations are written in terms of the Landauer resistance ρand the combined phases ψ=θ-φand χ=θ+φ. The distribution of the phase ψis found to exhibit an unusual phase transition at the point E_0 when changing the electron energy E, which manifests itself in the appearance of the imaginary part of ψ. The distribution of resistance P(ρ) has no singularity at the point E_0, and the transition seems unobservable in the framework of condensed matter physics. However, the theory of 1D localization is immediately applicable to the scattering of waves propagating in a single-mode optical waveguide. Modern optical methods open a way to measure phases ψand χ. As a result, the indicated phase transition becomes observable.
description: Latex, 9 pages, 6 figures included
Phase diagram of selectively cross-linked block copolymers shows chemically microstructured gel
Creators: name: von der Heydt, Alice
name: Zippelius, Annette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study analytically the intricate phase behavior of cross-linked $AB$ diblock copolymer melts, which can undergo two main phase transitions due to quenched random constraints: Gelation, i.e., spatially random localization of polymers forming a system-spanning cluster, is driven by increasing the number parameter $μ$ of irreversible, type-selective cross-links between random pairs of $A$ blocks. Self-assembly into a periodic pattern of $A$/$B$-rich microdomains (microphase separation) is controlled by the $AB$ incompatibility $χ$ inversely proportional to temperature. Our model aims to capture the system's essential microscopic features, including an ensemble of random networks that reflects spatial correlations at the instant of cross-linking. We identify suitable order parameters and derive a free-energy functional in the spirit of Landau theory that allows us to trace a phase diagram in the plane of $μ$ and $χ$. Selective cross-links promote microphase separation at higher critical temperatures than in uncross-linked diblock copolymer melts. Microphase separation in the liquid state facilitates gelation, giving rise to a novel gel state whose chemical composition density mirrors the periodic $AB$ pattern.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Orobanche teucrii Holandre
Creators: name: Falcinelli, Francesco
name: Conti, Fabio
name: Donnini, Domizia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Orobanchaceae
Orobanche
Orobanche teucrii

description: Orobanche teucrii Holandre
(Orobanchaceae) (Fig. 1)
Specie nuova per l’Umbria.
 Vallo di Nera (Perugia), M. Grande, versante SE (UTM WGS84: 33 T 326.4742), pascolo a margine della S P465 di Meggiano, suolo calcareo, 890 m, 27 Mai 2015, F. Falcinelli (APP).
 In Italia nota per tutte le regioni, ad eccezione di Friuli Venezia Giulia, Umbria, Basilicata e Sicilia (Conti et al., 2005, 2008; Rosati et al., 2006; Domina & Arrigoni, 2007; Domina & Peruzzi, 2010; Bracchi & Romani, 2010; Conti & Bartolucci, 2015).
description: Published as part of Falcinelli, Francesco, Conti, Fabio & Donnini, Domizia, 2016, Secondo contributo alla flora vascolare dell'Umbria (Italia centrale), pp. 21-26 in Natural History Sciences 3 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.4081/nhs.2016.273, http://zenodo.org/record/12753769
Spin-spin correlations of magnetic impurities in graphene
Creators: name: Guclu, A. D.
name: Bulut, Nejat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interaction between two magnetic adatom impurities in graphene using the Anderson model. The two-impurity Anderson Hamiltonian is solved numerically by using the quantum Monte Carlo technique. We find that the inter-impurity spin susceptibility is strongly enhanced at low temperatures, significantly diverging from the well-known Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) result which decays as $R^{-3}$.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures