cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the IceCube surface instrumentation by a hybrid radio and scintillation detector array
Creators: name: IceCube Collaboration
name: Shefali, Shefali
Publisher: name: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)
Year: 2022

description: The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic kilometer scale detector deployed in the antarctic ice, capable of detecting neutrinos of energies ranging from approximately 10 GeV to PeV and above. In addition to being a powerful neutrino observatory, IceCube is extensively involved in cosmic ray physics. The surface array of IceCube, IceTop, consisting of frozen water tanks equipped with photomultipliers, detects secondary particles like electrons, protons and muons from cosmic ray air showers of energies up to 1 EeV. In addition, it is also used to function as a veto for the astrophysical neutrino searches and calibration detector for the IceCube in-ice instrumentation. Despite the valuable scientific results obtained so far, the snow accumulation on top of these detectors contributes to an increased energy uncertainty in the detected signals, and consequently, the shower reconstruction. Moreover, improvements to the array are needed to understand the astrophysics of the high-energy cosmic-ray sky. Enhancing IceTop with a hybrid array of scintillation detectors and radio antennas will lower the energy threshold for air-shower measurements, provide more efficient veto capabilities, enable the separation of the electromagnetic and muonic shower components and improve the detector calibration by compensating for snow accumulation. Following the success of the first prototype station consisting of three radio antennas and eight scintillation detectors deployed at the South Pole in 2018, the production of detectors for a total 32 stations is ongoing. The deployment status, calibration methods, and science goals of the enhancement will be discussed in this contribution.
Correction of Aberrant Splicing of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ( CFTR ) Gene by Antisense Oligonucleotides
Creators: name: Silverman, Lawrence M.
name: Kole, Jolanta
name: Cohn, Jonathan A.
name: Friedman, Kenneth J.
name: Knowles, Michael R.
name: Kole, Ryszard
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: The CFTR splicing mutation 3849 + 10 kb C --> T creates a novel donor site 10 kilobases (kb) into intron 19 of the gene and is one of the more common splicing mutations that causes cystic fibrosis (CF). It has an elevated prevalence among patients with atypically mild disease and normal sweat electrolytes and is especially prominent in Ashkenazi Jews. This class of splicing mutations, reported in several genes, involves novel splice sites activated deep within introns while leaving wild-type splice elements intact. CFTR cDNA constructs that modeled the 3849 + 10 kb C --> T mutation were expressed in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and in CFT1 human tracheal and C127 mouse mammary epithelial cells. In all three cell types, aberrant splicing of CFTR pre-mRNA was comparable to that reported in vivo in CF patients. Treatment of the cells with 2'-O-methyl phosphorothioate oligoribonucleotides antisense toward the aberrant donor and acceptor splice sites or to the retained exon-like sequence, disfavored aberrant splicing and enhanced normal processing of CFTR pre-mRNA. This antisense-mediated correction of splicing was dose- and sequence-dependent and was accompanied by increased production of CFTR protein that was appropriately glycosylated. Antisense-mediated correction of splicing in a mutation-specific context represents a potential gene therapy modality with applicability to many inherited disorders.
Supplementary Information from Integrated human-virus metabolic stoichiometric modelling predicts host-based antiviral targets against Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika viruses
Creators: name: Aller, Sean
name: Scott, Andrew
name: Mitali Sarkar-Tyson
name: Soyer, Orkun S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional analysis and methods, Supplementary tables, Supplementary figures, List of supplementary files and References
Defective β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Precedes the Development of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Transgenic Mice with Calsequestrin Overexpression
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Yvonne
name: Rapacciuolo, Antonio
name: Jones, Larry R.
name: Koch, Walter J.
name: Cho, Myeong Chan
name: Rockman, Howard A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Calsequestrin is a high capacity Ca(2+)-binding protein in the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum that forms a quaternary complex with junctin, triadin, and the ryanodine receptor. Transgenic mice with cardiac-targeted calsequestrin overexpression show marked suppression of Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release, myocyte hypertrophy, and premature death by 16 weeks of age (Jones, L. R., Suzuki, Y. J., Wang, W., Kobayashi, Y. M., Ramesh, V., Franzini-Armstrong, C., Cleemann, L., and Morad, M. (1998) J. Clin. Invest. 101, 1385-1393). To investigate whether alterations in intracellular Ca(2+) trigger changes in the beta-adrenergic receptor pathway, we studied calsequestrin overexpressing transgenic mice at 7 and 14 weeks of age. As assessed by echocardiography, calsequestrin mice at 7 weeks showed mild left ventricular enlargement, mild decreased fractional shortening with increased wall thickness. By 14 weeks, the phenotype progressed to marked left ventricular enlargement and severely depressed systolic function. Cardiac catheterization in calsequestrin mice revealed markedly impaired beta-adrenergic receptor responsiveness in both 7- and 14- week mice. Biochemical analysis in 7- and 14-week mice showed a significant decrease in total beta-adrenergic receptor density, adenylyl cyclase activity, and the percent high affinity agonist binding, which was associated with increased beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 levels. Taken together, these data indicate that alterations in beta-adrenergic receptor signaling precede the development of overt heart failure in this mouse model of progressive cardiomyopathy.
Rethink Priorities - Wild Animal Welfare Scale - Study 3 - September 2022
Creators: name: Sleegers, Willem
name: Moss, David
name: Reinstein, David
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: attitudes
subject: scale
subject: scale development
subject: wild animals
subject: wild animal welfare

description: The preregistration of Study 3 of a Wild Animal Welfare scale development project by Rethink Priorities, conducted in September 2022.
Control of current-induced spin-orbit effects in a ferromagnetic heterostructure by electric field
Creators: name: Liu, Ronghua
name: Lim, WengLee
name: Urazhdin, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of electrostatic gating on the current-induced phenomena in ultrathin ferromagnet/heavy metal heterostructures. We utilize heterodyne detection and analysis of symmetry with respect to the direction of the magnetic field to separate electric field contributions to the magnetic anisotropy, current-induced field-like torque, and damping torque. Analysis of the electric field effects allows us to estimate the Rashba and the spin Hall contributions to the current-induced phenomena. Electrostatic gating can provide insight into the spin-orbit phenomena, and enable new functionalities in spintronic devices.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Effect of Loss of P2Y 2 Receptor Gene Expression on Nucleotide Regulation of Murine Epithelial Cl − Transport
Creators: name: Koller, Beverly H.
name: Homolya, László
name: Cressman, Victoria L.
name: Boucher, Richard C.
name: Lazarowski, Eduardo
name: Grubb, Barbara R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Extracellular nucleotides are believed to be important regulators of ion transport in epithelial tissues as a result of their ability to activate cell surface receptors. Although numerous receptors that bind nucleotides have been identified, the complexity of this receptor family, combined with the lack of pharmacological agents specific for these receptors, has made the assignment of particular receptors and ligands to physiological responses difficult. Because ATP and UTP appear equipotent and equieffective in regulating ion transport in many epithelia, we tested the hypothesis that the P2Y(2) receptor (P2Y(2)-R) subtype mediates these responses in mouse epithelia, with gene targeting techniques. Mice with the P2Y(2)-R locus targeted and inactivated (P2Y(2)-R(-/-)) were generated, airways (trachea), gallbladder, and intestines (jejunum) excised, and Cl(-) secretory responses to luminal nucleotide additions measured in Ussing chambers. Comparison of P2Y(2)-R(+/+) with P2Y(2)-R(-/-) mice revealed that P2Y(2)-R mediated most (>85-95%) nucleotide-stimulated Cl(-) secretion in trachea, about 50% of nucleotide responses in the gallbladder, and none of the responses in the jejunum. Dose-effect relationships for nucleotides in tissues from P2Y(2)-R(-/-) mice suggest that the P2Y(6)-R regulates ion transport in gallbladder and to a lesser extent trachea, whereas P2Y(4) and/or unidentified receptor(s) regulate ion transport in jejunum. We conclude that the P2Y(2) receptor is the dominant P2Y purinoceptor that regulates airway epithelial ion transport, whereas other P2Y receptor subtypes are relatively more important in other nonrespiratory epithelia.
Enhancement of Heparin Cofactor II Anticoagulant Activity
Creators: name: Church, Frank C.
name: Bauman, Susannah J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a serpin whose thrombin inhibition activity is accelerated by glycosaminoglycans. We describe the novel properties of a carboxyl-terminal histidine-tagged recombinant HCII (rHCII-CHis(6)). Thrombin inhibition by rHCII-CHis(6) was increased >2-fold at approximately 5 microgram/ml heparin compared with wild-type recombinant HCII (wt-rHCII) at 50-100 microgram/ml heparin. Enhanced activity of rHCII-CHis(6) was reversed by treatment with carboxypeptidase A. We assessed the role of the HCII acidic domain by constructing amino-terminal deletion mutants (Delta1-52, Delta1-68, and Delta1-75) in wt-rHCII and rHCII-CHis(6). Without glycosaminoglycan, unlike wt-rHCII deletion mutants, the rHCII-CHis(6) deletion mutants were less active compared with full-length rHCII-CHis(6). With glycosaminoglycans, Delta1-68 and Delta1-75 rHCIIs were all less active. We assessed the character of the tag by comparing rHCII-CHis(6), rHCII-CAla(6), and rHCII-CLys(6) to wt-rHCII. Only rHCII-CHis(6) had increased activity with heparin, whereas all three mutants have increased heparin binding. We generated a carboxyl-terminal histidine-tagged recombinant antithrombin III to study the tag on another serpin. Interestingly, this mutant antithrombin III had reduced heparin cofactor activity compared with wild-type protein. In a plasma-based assay, the glycosaminoglycan-dependent inhibition of thrombin by rHCII-CHis(6) was significantly greater compared with wt-rHCII. Thus, HCII variants with increased function, such as rHCII-CHis(6), may offer novel reagents for clinical application.
DETERMINING THE DIGITAL LITERACY LEVELS OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Salimova, Sarvinoz
name: Maxmudova, Mehriniso
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The rapid digital transformation of education systems globally has heightened the importance of digital literacy for both teachers and students. Digital literacy is no longer a supplementary skill but a fundamental competency required to navigate, communicate, and create in 21st-century learning environments. This thesis explores methods for assessing digital literacy levels among teachers and students, underscores the critical components of digital literacy frameworks, and evaluates their relevance to contemporary education. Furthermore, it provides a comparative analysis of assessment methodologies, highlights key challenges in determining digital literacy levels, and proposes actionable recommendations for policymaking and capacity-building initiatives.
title: Experiences of Single Fathers whose Children have Used Mental Health Services
Creators: name: Williams, Laura
Publisher: name: The University of East London
Year: 2015

description: Background: While much research has been conducted with single mothers, comparatively little has been undertaken with single-father families. Research done with this minority group has tended to focus on the ways in which this family structure is associated with disadvantage and poorer psychological outcomes for fathers and children, where gender tends to be discussed in individualistic or simplistic terms. Therefore, little is known about how these contexts affect single fathers’ day-to-day experiences and their experiences of parenting children who present with psychological distress. Method: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with eight men identifying as single fathers and parenting children accessing mental health services. Thematic analysis of the data was guided by Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six phase approach and was underpinned by a critical realist epistemology. Results: Five themes showed issues pertinent to this group as; a) negotiating gendered representations of single-fathering; b) feeling excluded by these and isolated and lonely in the context of finding it harder to socialise and form romantic relationships; c) feeling the ‘weight’ of responsibility for children and negotiating the role of the father in the context of single-parenthood and children’s distress; d) (struggling to) make meaning of and manage distress and not coping; and e) experiences with children’s services that prevent or enable access and the ways in which the power of professionals transcends this issue to define ‘good’ parenting. Conclusions: Findings are discussed with reference to the gender and parenting literature and their implications for future research and clinical practice.
(1933) William Byrne
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Osage orange (Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid) fruit extracts: UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis, antioxidant activity and in vivo skin tests
Creators: name: Gajić, Ivana
name: Dinić, Ana
name: Stanojević, Ljiljana
name: Zvezdanović, Jelena
name: Nikolić, Vesna
name: Urošević, Maja
name: Nikolić, Ljubiša
name: Savić, Vesna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology

description: This work aimed to evaluate chemical profile, antioxidant activity and topical application safety of the raw Osage orange (Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid) fruit extracts obtained by maceration using ethanol and acetone. Out of eighteen different compounds registered in the extracts, fifteen were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pomiferin and osajin were characteristic and representative compounds in both ethanolic and acetone extracts of the Osage orange fruit. Both extracts showed good antioxidant activity (EC50 = 0.03 mg/cm3) after 20 min of incubation. The topical administration safety of the extracts was evaluated in vivo by measuring skin biophysical parameters: electrical capacitance and erythema index, as indicators of stratum corneum hydration and irritation, respectively. Based on the results of the in vivo skin tests, it can be concluded that both of the Osage orange fruit extracts are safe for topical administration - they increased skin hydration and reduced skin irritation under the occlusion.
(1936) Anne Adelaide Hippolyta Harvey Harvey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Time-resolved UV-IR pump-stimulated emission pump spectroscopy to probe collisional relaxation of $8p\,^2P_{3/2}$ Cs I
Creators: name: Salahuddin, Mohammed
name: Arndt, Phill
name: McFarland, Jacob
name: Bayram, S. Burcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe and use a time-resolved pump-stimulated emission pump spectroscopic technique to measure collisional relaxation in a high-lying energy level of atomic cesium. Aligned $8p\,^2P_{3/2}$ cesium atoms were produced by a pump laser. A second laser, the stimulated emission pump, promoted the population exclusively to the $5d\,^2D_{5/2}$ level. The intensity of the $5d\,^2D_{5/2}\rightarrow6s\,^2S_{1/2}$ cascade fluorescence at 852.12 nm was monitored. The linear polarization dependence of the $6s\,^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow8p\,^2P_{3/2}\rightarrow5d\,^2S_{5/2}$ transition was measured in the presence of argon gas at various pressures. From the measurement, we obtained the disalignment cross section value for the $8p\,^2P_{3/2}$ level due to collisions with ground-level argon atoms.
description: 4 figures
Escherichia coli DNA Helicase II Is Active as a Monomer
Creators: name: Matson, Steven W.
name: Mechanic, Leah E.
name: Hall, Mark C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Helicases are thought to function as oligomers (generally dimers or hexamers). Here we demonstrate that although Escherichia coli DNA helicase II (UvrD) is capable of dimerization as evidenced by a positive interaction in the yeast two-hybrid system, gel filtration chromatography, and equilibrium sedimentation ultracentrifugation (Kd = 3.4 microM), the protein is active in vivo and in vitro as a monomer. A mutant lacking the C-terminal 40 amino acids (UvrDDelta40C) failed to dimerize and yet was as active as the wild-type protein in ATP hydrolysis and helicase assays. In addition, the uvrDDelta40C allele fully complemented the loss of helicase II in both methyl-directed mismatch repair and excision repair of pyrimidine dimers. Biochemical inhibition experiments using wild-type UvrD and inactive UvrD point mutants provided further evidence for a functional monomer. This investigation provides the first direct demonstration of an active monomeric helicase, and a model for DNA unwinding by a monomer is presented.
Three new lanostane-type triterpenes from the epidermis of Wolfiporia cocos
Creators: name: Wang, Shi-Tao
name: Bao, Te-Ri-Gen
name: Qi, Peng-Kun
name: Liu, Tao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Wolfiporia cocos is commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine for its diuretic, tonifying, and invigorating effects on the spleen. However, the epidermis of W. cocos is discarded as scrap during harvesting because of its low price, resulting in a great waste of resources and environmental pollution. In this work, the epidermis of W. cocos was studied and three new lanostane triterpenoids were isolated. The structures were determined using NMR and HRESIMS, with absolute configurations established by comparison of the calculated and experimental ECD spectra. The three new compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. None of the tested compounds showed inhibition against these three strains of indicator microbes at a concentration of 128 μg/ml. This study provides a reference for further medicinal development and the utilization of the epidermis of W. cocos.
title: Pollinator guilds respond contrastingly at different scales to landscape parameters of land-use intensity
Creators: name: Bergholz, Kolja
name: Sittel, Lara-Pauline
name: Ristow, Michael
name: Jeltsch, Florian
name: Weiß, Lina
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Land-use intensification is the main factor for the catastrophic decline of insect pollinators. However, land-use intensification includes multiple processes that act across various scales and should affect pollinator guilds differently depending on their ecology. We aimed to reveal how two main pollinator guilds, wild bees and hoverflies, respond to different land-use intensification measures, that is, arable field cover (AFC), landscape heterogeneity (LH), and functional flower composition of local plant communities as a measure of habitat quality. We sampled wild bees and hoverflies on 22 dry grassland sites within a highly intensified landscape (NE Germany) within three campaigns using pan traps. We estimated AFC and LH on consecutive radii (60–3000 m) around the dry grassland sites and estimated the local functional flower composition. Wild bee species richness and abundance was positively affected by LH and negatively by AFC at small scales (140–400 m). In contrast, hoverflies were positively affected by AFC and negatively by LH at larger scales (500–3000 m), where both landscape parameters were negatively correlated to each other. At small spatial scales, though, LH had a positive effect on hoverfly abundance. Functional flower diversity had no positive effect on pollinators, but conspicuous flowers seem to attract abundance of hoverflies. In conclusion, landscape parameters contrarily affect two pollinator guilds at different scales. The correlation of landscape parameters may influence the observed relationships between landscape parameters and pollinators. Hence, effects of land-use intensification seem to be highly landscape-specific.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1298
Profiling of semiochemicals from three stored product beetles by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Creators: name: Lokesh, Madhurya
name: Panneerselvam, Arunkumar
name: Gawali, Pratiksha Prabhakar
name: Sreekrishnakumar, Aswathi Kozhissery
name: Sahu, Urvashi
name: Vendan, Subramanian Ezhil
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: This work focuses on the profiling of semiochemicals (SCS) from Callosobruchus maculatus, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique. Totally, 6, 9 and 8 volatile compounds (VCS) were detected from C. maculatus, S. oryzae and T. castaneum, respectively. As a result of pherobase analysis and preference bioassay, stearic acid (C. maculatus); nonanal, lauric acid and stearic acid (S. oryzae); stearic acid (T. castaneum) were identified as new SCS that could be useful for integrated pest management (IPM) practices.
Evidence for a Calpeptin-sensitive Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase Upstream of the Small GTPase Rho: A NOVEL ROLE FOR THE CALPAIN INHIBITOR CALPEPTIN IN THE INHIBITION OF PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASES
Creators: name: Schoenwaelder, Simone M.
name: Burridge, Keith
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Activation of the thiol protease calpain results in proteolysis of focal adhesion-associated proteins and severing of cytoskeletal-integrin links. We employed a commonly used inhibitor of calpain, calpeptin, to examine a role for this protease in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton under a variety of conditions. Calpeptin induced stress fiber formation in both forskolin-treated REF-52 fibroblasts and serum-starved Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Surprisingly, calpeptin was the only calpain inhibitor of several tested with the ability to induce these effects, suggesting that calpeptin may act on targets besides calpain. Here we show that calpeptin inhibits tyrosine phosphatases, enhancing tyrosine phosphorylation particularly of paxillin. Calpeptin preferentially inhibits membrane-associated phosphatase activity. Consistent with this observation, in vitro phosphatase assays using purified glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins demonstrated a preference for the transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase-alpha over the cytosolic protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1B. Furthermore, unlike wide spectrum inhibitors of tyrosine phosphatases such as pervanadate, calpeptin appeared to inhibit a subset of phosphatases. Calpeptin-induced assembly of stress fibers was inhibited by botulinum toxin C3, indicating that calpeptin is acting on a phosphatase upstream of the small GTPase Rho, a protein that controls stress fiber and focal adhesion assembly. Not only does this work reveal that calpeptin is an inhibitor of protein-tyrosine phosphatases, but it suggests that calpeptin will be a valuable tool to identify the phosphatase activity upstream of Rho.
Constraining f(T) gravity in the Solar System
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
name: Radicella, Ninfa
name: Ruggiero, Matteo Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of $f(T)$ theories of gravity, we solve the field equations for $f(T)=T+αT^{n}$, in the weak-field approximation and for spherical symmetry spacetime. Since $f(T)=T$ corresponds to Teleparallel Gravity, which is equivalent to General Relativity, the non linearity of the Lagrangian are expected to produce perturbations of the general relativistic solutions, parameterized by $α$. Hence, we use the $f(T)$ solutions to model the gravitational field of the Sun, and exploit data from accurate tracking of spacecrafts orbiting Mercury and Saturn to infer preliminary insights on what could be obtained about the model parameter $α$ and the cosmological constant $Λ$. It turns out that improvements of about one-three orders with respect to the present-day constraints in the literature of magnitude seem possible.
description: LaTex2e, 16 pages, 2 figures, no tables. Accepted for publication in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1501.02198
Supplementary Information from Epidemic dynamics, interactions and predictability of enteroviruses associated with hand, foot and mouth disease in Japan.
Creators: name: Takahashi, Saki
name: C. Jessica E. Metcalf
name: Arima, Yuzo
name: Tsuguto Fujimoto
name: Shimizu, Hiroyuki
name: H. Rogier Van Doorn
name: Van, Tan Le
name: Yoke-Fun Chan
name: Farrar, Jeremy J.
name: Oishi, Kazunori
name: Grenfell, Bryan T.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Supplementary text, figures, tables, and references
Bacterial biofilms on microplastics in the Baltic Sea
Creators: name: Kesy, Katharina
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 570 Life science

description: Microplastics (MP) provide a new habitat for biofilm-forming bacteria in aquatic systems. It was investigated if MP could become a vector for atypical bacterial assemblages, including potential pathogens. The MP-biofilms differed from those on seston and free-living bacterial assemblages, but less from those on control surfaces. Vibrio abundances were higher on MP than in the water, but highest on wood. MP are thus a distinct habitat for biofilm bacteria; however, their vector potential depends on the spatial, temporal, and environmental dynamics of the system.
(1931) Daniel Byrne
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Homeostasis in Mice with Genetically Decreased Angiotensinogen Is Primarily by an Increased Number of Renin-producing Cells
Creators: name: Oh, Goo Taeg
name: Smithies, Oliver
name: Kim, Hyung Suk
name: Maeda, Nobuyo
name: Fernandez, Lucas G.
name: Ariel Gomez, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Here we investigate the biochemical, molecular, and cellular changes directed toward blood pressure homeostasis that occur in the endocrine branch of the renin-angiotensin system of mice having one angiotensinogen gene inactivated. No compensatory up-regulation of the remaining normal allele occurs in the liver, the main tissue of angiotensinogen synthesis. No significant changes occur in expression of the genes coding for the angiotensin converting enzyme or the major pressor-mediating receptor for angiotensin, but plasma renin concentration in the mice having only one copy of the angiotensinogen gene is greater than twice wild-type. This increase is mediated primarily by a modest increase in the proportion of renal glomeruli producing renin in their juxtaglomerular apparatus and by four times wild-type numbers of renin-producing cells along afferent arterioles of the glomeruli rather than by up-regulating renin production in cells already committed to its synthesis.
The current impact flux on Mars and its seasonal variation
Creators: name: JeongAhn, Youngmin
name: Malhotra, Renu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the present-day impact flux on Mars and its variation over the Martian year, using the current data on the orbital distribution of known Mars-crossing minor planets. We adapt the {Ö}pik-Wetherill formulation for calculating collision probabilities, paying careful attention to the non-uniform distribution of the perihelion longitude and the argument of perihelion owed to secular planetary perturbations. We find that these previously neglected non-uniformities have a significant effect on the mean annual impact flux as well as its seasonal variation. The impact flux peaks when Mars is at aphelion, but the near-alignment of Mars' eccentricity vector with the mean direction of the eccentricity vectors of Mars-crossers causes the mean annual impact flux as well as the amplitude of the seasonal variation to be significantly lower than the estimate based on a uniform random distribution of perihelion longitudes of Mars-crossers. We estimate that the flux of large impactors (of absolute magnitude $H<16$) within $\pm30^\circ$ of Mars' aphelion is about four times larger than when the planet is near perihelion. Extrapolation of our results to a model population of meter-size Mars-crossers shows that if these small impactors have a uniform distribution of their angular elements, then their aphelion-to-perihelion impact flux ratio would be as large as 25. These theoretical predictions can be tested with observational data of contemporary impacts that is becoming available from spacecraft currently in orbit about Mars.
description: submitted
Human Transcription Release Factor 2 Dissociates RNA Polymerases I and II Stalled at a Cyclobutane Thymine Dimer
Creators: name: Selby, Christopher P.
name: Price, David H.
name: Sancar, Aziz
name: Hara, Ryujiro
name: Liu, Mingyi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: RNA polymerase II stalled at a lesion in the transcribed strand is thought to constitute a signal for transcription-coupled repair. Transcription factors that act on RNA polymerase in elongation mode potentially influence this mode of repair. Previously, it was shown that transcription elongation factors TFIIS and Cockayne's syndrome complementation group B protein did not disrupt the ternary complex of RNA polymerase II stalled at a thymine cyclobutane dimer, nor did they enable RNA polymerase II to bypass the dimer. Here we investigated the effect of the transcription factor 2 on RNA polymerase II and RNA polymerase I stalled at thymine dimers. Transcription factor 2 is known to release transcripts from RNA polymerase II early elongation complex generated by pulse-transcription. We found that factor 2 (which is also called release factor) disrupts the ternary complex of RNA polymerase II at a thymine dimer and surprisingly exerts the same effect on RNA polymerase I. These findings show that in mammalian cells a RNA polymerase I or RNA polymerase II transcript truncated by a lesion in the template strand may be discarded unless repair is accomplished rapidly by a mechanism that does not displace stalled RNA polymerases.
Training, familiarization, tables ans figures from Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) can use simple heuristics but fail at drawing statistical inferences from populations to samples.
Creators: name: Placì, Sarah
name: Eckert, Johanna
name: Rakoczy, Hannes
name: Fischer, Julia
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Description of the training and familiarization phases as well as some additional tables ans figures
Human α Spectrin II and the Fanconi Anemia Proteins FANCA and FANCC Interact to Form a Nuclear Complex
Creators: name: Walsh, Christopher E.
name: Lambert, Muriel W.
name: McMahon, Laura W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, congenital abnormalities, cancer susceptibility, and a marked cellular hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand cross-linking agents, which correlates with a defect in ability to repair this type of damage. We have previously identified an approximately 230-kDa protein present in a nuclear protein complex in normal human lymphoblastoid cells that is involved in repair of DNA interstrand cross-links and shows reduced levels in FA-A cell nuclei. The FANCA gene appears to play a role in the stability or expression of this protein. We now show that p230 is a well known structural protein, human alpha spectrin II (alphaSpIISigma*), and that levels of alphaSpIISigma* are not only significantly reduced in FA-A cells but also in FA-B, FA-C and FA-D cells (i.e. in all FA cell lines tested), suggesting a role for these FA proteins in the stability or expression of alphaSpIISigma*. These studies also show that alphaSpIISigma* forms a complex in the nucleus with the FANCA and FANCC proteins. alphaSpIISigma* may thus act as a scaffold to align or enhance interactions between FA proteins and proteins involved in DNA repair. These results suggest that FA represents a disorder in which there is a deficiency in alphaSpIISigma*.
Interactions between Two Cytoskeleton-associated Tyrosine Kinases: Calcium-dependent Tyrosine Kinase and Focal Adhesion Tyrosine Kinase
Creators: name: Cance, William G.
name: Li, Xiong
name: Graves, Lee M.
name: Dy, Ruth C.
name: Earp, H. Shelton
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: The calcium-dependent tyrosine kinase (CADTK), also known as Pyk2/RAFTK/CAKbeta/FAK2, is a cytoskeleton-associated tyrosine kinase. We compared CADTK regulation with that of the highly homologous focal adhesion tyrosine kinase (FAK). First, we generated site-specific CADTK mutants. Mutation of Tyr402 eliminated autophosphorylation and significantly decreased kinase activity. Mutation of Tyr881, a putative Src kinase phosphorylation site predicted to bind Grb2, had little effect on CADTK regulation. Src family tyrosine kinases resulted in CADTK tyrosine phosphorylation even when co-expressed with the Tyr402/Tyr881 double mutant, suggesting that Src/Fyn etc. phosphorylate additional tyrosine residues. Interestingly, CADTK tyrosine-phosphorylated FAK when both were transiently expressed, but FAK did not phosphorylate CADTK. Biochemical experiments confirmed direct CADTK phosphorylation of FAK. This phosphorylation utilized tyrosine residues other than Tyr397, Tyr925, or Tyr576/Tyr577, suggesting that new SH2-binding sites might be created by CADTK-dependent FAK phosphorylation. Last, expression of the CADTK carboxyl terminus (CRNK) abolished CADTK but not FAK autophosphorylation. In contrast, FAK carboxyl terminus overexpression inhibited both FAK and CADTK autophosphorylation, suggesting that a FAK-dependent cytoskeletal function may be necessary for CADTK activation. Thus, CADTK and FAK, which both bind to some, but not necessarily the same, cytoskeletal elements, may be involved in coordinate regulation of cytoskeletal structure and signaling.
(1934) Thomas Byrne
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Die Registrierung der Orgelwerke J. S. Bachs
Creators: name: Faulkner, Quentin
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Angesichts der spärlichen Quellen aus dem direkten Umfeld Bachs, die dessen Orgelregistrierpraxis betreffen, nähert sich der Artikel diesem Gegenstand mittels einer detaillierten Untersuchung aus dem weiteren Umkreis Bachs und seiner Zeitgenossen zugänglichen Quellen. Zuerst werden Quellen des frühen 18. Jahrhunderts zu Fragen der Registrierung zusammengefasst, aufgegliedert in solche zu allgemeinen Prinzipien der Registrierung, zu speziellen Registern und Registerkombinationen und speziellen Registrieranweisungen für bestimmte Orgelkompositionen mit Schwerpunkt auf Bach und seinem Umfeld. Weiterhin wird detailliert Johann Friedrich Agricolas Abhandlung zur Orgelregistrierpraxis vorgestellt, die 1757 in Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurgs Historisch-Kritischen Beyträgen zur Aufnahme der Musik unter der Überschrift einer Rezension einer Sammlung von Orgeldispositionen erschien. Der Abschnitt über Registerkombinationen wird dabei vollständig wiedergegeben. Ein weiterer Abschnitt widmet sich der Analyse und dem Vergleich der dargelegten Positionen. Abschließend werden die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse ausgewertet und auf ihre Aussagekraft zur Registrierpraxis Bachs und seiner Orgelwerke hin überprüft. Ein Anhang gibt zudem den Text eines Vorschlags für den Ablauf eines Orgel-Probevorspiels wieder, der 1773 von Agricola geschrieben wurde. Erwähnte Artikel: Christoph Wolff: Bachs Handexemplar der Schübler-Choräle. BJ 1977, S. 120-129 George B. Stauffer: Über Bachs Orgelregistrierpraxis. BJ 1981, S. 91-105
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 81 (1995)
Supplementary Information from Epidemic dynamics, interactions and predictability of enteroviruses associated with hand, foot and mouth disease in Japan
Creators: name: Takahashi, Saki
name: C. Jessica E. Metcalf
name: Arima, Yuzo
name: Tsuguto Fujimoto
name: Shimizu, Hiroyuki
name: H. Rogier Van Doorn
name: Van, Tan Le
name: Yoke-Fun Chan
name: Farrar, Jeremy J.
name: Oishi, Kazunori
name: Grenfell, Bryan T.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Supplementary text, figures, tables, and references
Elektromechanische Traktorgetriebe
Creators: name: Schmetz, Roland
Publisher: name: LANDTECHNIK
Year: 1999

description: Elektromechanische Traktorgetriebe besitzen ein großes Innovationspotenzial. Während der letzten zehn Jahre wurden die Eigenschaften elektrischer Antriebe so verbessert und ihre Kosten derart gesenkt, dass die Substitution mechanischer oder mechanisch-hydrostatischer leistungsverzweigter Getriebe in Traktoren schon jetzt ernsthaft in Erwägung gezogen werden muss. Daher werden die Grundform eines elektromechanischen Traktorgetriebes vorgestellt und Variationsmöglichkeiten diskutiert. Die Grundform wurde in einem Prototyp mit dem Namen „Eltra“ realisiert.
description: LANDTECHNIK, Bd. 54 Nr. 2 (1999)
Efomycine U, a new C2-asymmetric elaiophylin derivative from Streptomyces malaysiensis DSM 4137
Creators: name: Xu, Jing
name: Wu, Jingwan
name: Zhou, Dongdong
name: Zhang, Xuexia
name: Leadlay, Peter F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Virology

description: Chemical examination of an actinomycete strain Streptomyces malaysiensis DSM 4137 derived from a soil sample derived isolate Streptomyces sp. DSM 3816, yielded a new C2-asymmetric elaiophylin derivative efomycine U (1) and a known analogue halichoblelide D (2). These structures were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of extensive NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. All compounds isolated were subjected to antimicrobial, cytotoxic and immnosuppressive activities evaluation.
Populations; Exp1a; Exp2c; Exp4 from Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) can use simple heuristics but fail at drawing statistical inferences from populations to samples.
Creators: name: Placì, Sarah
name: Eckert, Johanna
name: Rakoczy, Hannes
name: Fischer, Julia
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Pictures of the different populations; Example of procedure; Example of Exp2c; Example with occluders
The need for and feasibility of alternative ground robots to traverse sandy and rocky extraterrestrial terrain
Creators: name: Li, Chen
name: Lewis, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Robotic spacecraft have helped expand our reach for many planetary exploration missions. Most ground mobile planetary exploration robots use wheeled or modified wheeled platforms. Although extraordinarily successful at completing intended mission goals, because of the limitations of wheeled locomotion, they have been largely limited to benign, solid terrain and avoided extreme terrain with loose soil/sand and large rocks. Unfortunately, such challenging terrain is often scientifically interesting for planetary geology. Although many animals traverse such terrain at ease, robots have not matched their performance and robustness. This is in major part due to a lack of fundamental understanding of how effective locomotion can be generated from controlled interaction with complex terrain on the same level of flight aerodynamics and underwater vehicle hydrodynamics. Early fundamental understanding of legged and limbless locomotor-ground interaction has already enabled stable and efficient bio-inspired robot locomotion on relatively flat ground with small obstacles. Recent progress in the new field of terradynamics of locomotor-terrain interaction begins to reveal the principles of bio-inspired locomotion on loose soil/sand and over large obstacles. Multi-legged and limbless platforms using terradynamics insights hold the promise for serving as robust alternative platforms for traversing extreme extraterrestrial terrain and expanding our reach in planetary exploration.