cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric effects in strongly interacting quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads
Creators: name: Krawiec, M.
name: Wysokinski, K. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermoelectric effects in Kondo correlated quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic electrodes by calculating conductance, thermopower and thermal conductance in the Kondo regime. We also study the effect of the asymmetry in the coupling to the leads, which has important consequences for anti-parallel magnetization configuration. We discuss the thermoelectric figure of merit, tunnel magnetoresistance and violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law in this system. The results agree with recently measured thermopower of the quantum dot defined in a two dimensional electron gas.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
Spontaneous electro-weak symmetry breaking and cold dark matter
Creators: name: Zhu, Shou-hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the standard model, the weak gauge bosons and fermions obtain mass after spontaneous electro-weak symmetry breaking, which is realized through one fundamental scalar field, namely Higgs field. In this paper we study the simplest scalar cold dark matter model in which the scalar cold dark matter also obtains mass through interaction with the weak-doublet Higgs field, the same way as those of weak gauge bosons and fermions. Our study shows that the correct cold dark matter relic abundance within $3σ$ uncertainty ($ 0.093 < Ω_{dm} h^2 < 0.129 $) and experimentally allowed Higgs boson mass ($114.4 \le m_h \le 208$ GeV) constrain the scalar dark matter mass within $48 \le m_S \le 78$ GeV. This result is in excellent agreement with that of W. de Boer et.al. ($50 \sim 100$ GeV). Such kind of dark matter annihilation can account for the observed gamma rays excess ($10σ$) at EGRET for energies above 1 GeV in comparison with the expectations from conventional Galactic models. We also investigate other phenomenological consequences of this model. For example, the Higgs boson decays dominantly into scalar cold dark matter if its mass lies within $48 \sim 64$ GeV.
description: 4 Revtex4 pages, refs added
Additional file 1 of Comparison of extended reality and conventional methods of basic life support training: protocol for a multinational, pragmatic, noninferiority, randomised clinical trial (XR BLS trial)
Creators: name: Lee, Dong Keon
name: Im, Chang Woo
name: Jo, You Hwan
name: Chang, Todd
name: Song, Joo Lee
name: Luu, Cindy
name: Mackinnon, Ralph
name: Pillai, Suresh
name: Lee, Chuen Neng
name: Jheon, Sanghoon
name: Ahn, Soyeon
name: Won, Seung Hyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*.
Investing The Physiological f Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
Creators: name: Etubi, Friday
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401799
subject: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description:
Newton's Third Law of Motion remains a cornerstone of classical mechanics, stating that for every action,there is an equal and opposite reaction. This law provides a fundamental framework for understanding how forcesinteract between objects. However, the initial action-reaction pair doesn't always capture the full picture of whathappened to the bodies involved after the action and equal opposite reaction. This article explores the concept of sideeffects, which arise from these force interactions and contribute to the overall consequences on the involved objects.Side effects manifest as additional stresses, deformations, or energy dissipation within the objects experiencing theaction and reaction forces. The article delves into examples like a massive object placed on a table. While the tableexerts an upward force to balance the object's weight (reaction), this constant force creates internal stress within thetable's structure (side effect), potentially leading to deformation over time. Similarly, colliding objects demonstrate sideeffects beyond the initial momentum transfer. The collision can induce internal stresses within both objects, resulting inpermanent deformations. The article emphasizes the importance of considering side effects in various scientificdisciplines. In engineering, understanding how forces create stress and potential material failure is crucial for designingsafe and reliable structures. Material science benefits from analyzing side effects to develop materials with superiorstrength and resistance to deformation. Even biological systems exhibit side effects from force interactions, as forceswithin cells play a vital role in their structure and function.
Entanglement in coined quantum walks on regular graphs
Creators: name: Carneiro, Ivens
name: Loo, Meng
name: Xu, Xibai
name: Girerd, Mathieu
name: Kendon, Viv
name: Knight, Peter L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum walks, both discrete (coined) and continuous time, form the basis of several recent quantum algorithms. Here we use numerical simulations to study the properties of discrete, coined quantum walks. We investigate the variation in the entanglement between the coin and the position of the particle by calculating the entropy of the reduced density matrix of the coin. We consider both dynamical evolution and asymptotic limits for coins of dimensions from two to eight on regular graphs. For low coin dimensions, quantum walks which spread faster (as measured by the mean square deviation of their distribution from uniform) also exhibit faster convergence towards the asymptotic value of the entanglement between the coin and particle's position. For high-dimensional coins, the DFT coin operator is more efficient at spreading than the Grover coin. We study the entanglement of the coin on regular finite graphs such as cycles, and also show that on complete bipartite graphs, a quantum walk with a Grover coin is always periodic with period four. We generalize the 'glued trees' graph used by Childs et al (2003 Proc. STOC, pp 5968) to higher branching rate (fan out) and verify that the scaling with branching rate and with tree depth is polynomial.
description: 23 pages, many eps embedded figures; v2 published version: better quality figures on journal website (open access) at http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1367-2630/7/1/156/; v3 corrects errors in fig 2 and related text (thanks to Annette Gattner and Mostafa Annabestani)
Full frequency-dependent modelling of underground cables for electromagnetic transient analysis
Creators: name: Yu, Ting-Chung
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A major difficulty in multiphase cable modelling with traditional electromagnetic transient program like the EMTP is the synthesis of the frequency-dependent transformation matrices that relate modal and phase domain variables. Although much effort has been devoted in the last several decades to solve this problem, we believe that the best solution is to completely eliminate the necessity of the frequency-dependent transformation matrices. The purpose of this thesis is to develop an accurate and stable model to simulate the behavior of underground cable systems under transient conditions. This thesis presents a new cable model (zCable model), which separates the representation of the wave propagation into two parts: a constant ideal propagation, which parameters depend only on the geometry of the cable configurations, and a frequency-dependent distortion, which depends on the skin effect. This approach permits the representation of the frequency.-dependent part of the parameters directly in phase coordinates and avoids the difficulties related to frequencydependent transformation matrices. A simultaneous curve-fitting procedure is introduced to synthesize each element of the phase-domain frequency-dependent loss impedance matrix with rational function approximations in the frequency domain. After synthesizing each element of the loss impedance matrix by the proposed procedure, the fitted functions show a very good agreement with the original ones. By synthesizing each element of the impedance matrix simultaneously, the new technique avoids the numerical stability issues of traditional procedures. A "pi-circuit" correction is proposed to solve the problem of different travelling times in the ideal line propagation. This approach makes the travelling times of all modes identical to one another in the modal domain and avoids the linear interpolation process used in the traditional multiphase line and cable models; By avoiding this interpolation process, a much larger integration time step At can be used without loss of accuracy, which results in considerable savings in computational time. The thesis presents a number of simulations where the behavior of the new zCable model is compared with that of the established JMARTI (FD line) and LMARTI (FDQ cable) models. These simulations show a very good agreement between the zCable model and the very accurate cable model - LMARTI model. The main advantage of the proposed model compared to existing full frequency-dependent transformation matrix models is the new model's absolute numerical stability for any kind of asymmetrical cable configurations and for arbitrary fault conditions. In addition, the new model parameters can be obtained with robust algorithms and the model can be efficiently implemented in the context of the realtime PC-cluster simulator developed by the power systems research group at UBC.
Selection of Food Safety Standards
Creators: name: Cho, Bo-Hyun
name: Hooker, Neal H.
name: Cho, Bo-Hyun
name: Hooker, Neal H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Food safety regulations are evolving to more performance-based regimes in which firrms have greater flexibility and responsibility for adopting effective controls. Within this context, this paper compares performance and process standards modeling the variability of industry-level compliance and therefore the resultant level of food safety. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted manipulating five factors: the variances of input use of efficient and inefficient firms, the proportion of inefficient firms in the industry, the mean of the error term for inefficient firms, and the policymakers' level of risk aversion. Results suggest that process standards may be preferred over performance standards when inefficient firms prevail in the industry, when input use is highly variable and when the regulator pays less attention to the variability of industry-level compliance and more to the level of the standard.
Inter-cluster reactivity of Metallo-aromatic and anti-aromatic Compounds and Their Applications in Molecular Electronics: A Theoretical Investigation
Creators: name: Shetty, Sharan
name: Kar, Rahul
name: Kanhere, Dilip G.
name: Pal, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local reactivity descriptors such as the condensed local softness and Fukui function have been employed to investigate the inter-cluster reactivity of the metallo-aromatic (Al4Li- and Al4Na-) and anti-aromatic (Al4Li4 and Al4Na4) compounds. We use the concept of group softness and group Fukui function to study the strength of the nucleophilicity of the Al4 unit in these compounds. Our analysis shows that the trend of nucleophilicity of the Al4 unit in the above clusters is as follows; Al4Li- > Al4Na- > Al4Li4 > Al4Na 4 For the first time we have used the reactivity descriptors to show that these clusters can act as electron donating systems and thus can be used as a molecular cathode.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure and 1 table of content
Investing The Physical Effect of Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
Creators: name: Etubi, Friday
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401799
subject: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description:
Newton's Third Law of Motion remains a cornerstone of classical mechanics, stating that for every action,there is an equal and opposite reaction. This law provides a fundamental framework for understanding how forcesinteract between objects. However, the initial action-reaction pair doesn't always capture the full picture of whathappened to the bodies involved after the action and equal opposite reaction. This article explores the concept of sideeffects, which arise from these force interactions and contribute to the overall consequences on the involved objects.Side effects manifest as additional stresses, deformations, or energy dissipation within the objects experiencing theaction and reaction forces. The article delves into examples like a massive object placed on a table. While the tableexerts an upward force to balance the object's weight (reaction), this constant force creates internal stress within thetable's structure (side effect), potentially leading to deformation over time. Similarly, colliding objects demonstrate sideeffects beyond the initial momentum transfer. The collision can induce internal stresses within both objects, resulting inpermanent deformations. The article emphasizes the importance of considering side effects in various scientificdisciplines. In engineering, understanding how forces create stress and potential material failure is crucial for designingsafe and reliable structures. Material science benefits from analyzing side effects to develop materials with superiorstrength and resistance to deformation. Even biological systems exhibit side effects from force interactions, as forceswithin cells play a vital role in their structure and function.
Equations of General Relativistic Radiation Hydrodynamics from Tensor Formalism
Creators: name: Park, Myeong-Gu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiation interacts with matter via exchange of energy and momentum. When matter is moving with a relativistic velocity or when the background spacetime is strongly curved, rigorous relativistic treatment of hydrodynamics and radiative transfer is required. Here, we derive fully general relativistic radiation hydrodynamic equations from a covariant tensor formalism. The equations can be applied to any three-dimensional problems and are rather starightforward to understand compared to the comoving frame-based equations. Current approach is applicable to any spacetime or coordinates, but in this work we specifically choose the Schwarzschild spacetime to show explicitly how the hydrodynamic and the radiation moment equations are derived. Some important aspects of relativistic radiation hydrodynamics and the difficulty with the radiation moment formalism are discussed as well.
description: 7 pages, no figure. Section on Closure Relation revised. MNRAS accepted
Additional file 5 of Assembly of α-synuclein and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system of heterozygous M83 mice following the peripheral administration of α-synuclein seeds
Creators: name: Macdonald, Jennifer A.
name: Chen, John L.
name: Masuda-Suzukake, Masami
name: Schweighauser, Manuel
name: Jaunmuktane, Zane
name: Warner, Thomas
name: Holton, Janice L.
name: Grossman, Annabelle
name: Berks, Richard
name: Lavenir, Isabelle
name: Goedert, Michel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. Supplementary Table 2 Motor neuron numbers in lumbar spinal cord of M83+/- mice following intraperitoneal injection of extracts from control and MSA cerebellum. Comparison with uninjected M83+/- mice.
The Impact of Multiple Volatilities on Import Demand for U.S. Grain: The Case of Soybeans
Creators: name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Reed, Michael R.
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Reed, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This study attempts to investigate the effects of exchange rate, soybean price, and ocean freight costs on import demand for U.S. grain with forward-futures markets. The focus is on soybeans. The panel data cover the major exporting markets for U.S. soybeans over the last decade. China and Mexico are analyzed as two specific case analyses excluded from the panel data analysis. Furthermore, the bilateral data of Brazilian exported soybeans to its exporting markets with the same procedures are employed as comparisons with U.S. The effects of these three market volatilities, exchange rate, soybeans price, and ocean freight cost for the U.S. and Brazilian models have differences comparing with empirical results.
Colors from correlated disordered photonic systems -- can we outperform nature?
Creators: name: Jacucci, Gianni
name: Vignolini, Silvia
name: Schertel, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Living organisms have developed a wide range of appearances from iridescent to matt textures. Interestingly, angular independent structural colors, where isotropy in the scattering structure is present, only produce coloration in the blue wavelength region of the visible spectrum. One might, therefore, wonder if such observation is a limitation of the architecture of the palette of materials available in nature. Here, by exploiting numerical modeling, we discuss the origin of isotropic structural colors without restriction to a specific light scattering regime. We show that high color purity and color saturation cannot be reached in isotropic short-range order structures for red hues. This conclusion holds even in the case of advanced scatterer morphologies, such as core-shell particles or inverse photonic glasses - explaining recent experimental findings reporting very poor performances of visual appearance for such systems.
The cubic period-distance relation for the Kater reversible pendulum
Creators: name: Rossi, Michele
name: Zaninetti, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the correct cubic relation between the mass configuration of a Kater reversible pendulum and its period of oscillation. From an analysis of its solutions we conclude that there could be as many as three distinct mass configurations for which the periods of small oscillations about the two pivots of the pendulum have the same value. We also discuss a real compound Kater pendulum that realizes this property.
description: 25 pages 4figures
Staging of High-Gradient Wakefield Accelerators
Creators: name: Lindstrøm, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accelerating particles to high energies with a high-gradient wakefield accelerator may require use of multiple stages. Coupling beams from one stage to another can be difficult due to high divergence and non-negligible energy spreads. We review the challenges, technical requirements and currently proposed methods for solving the staging problem.
description: 24 pages, contribution to the CAS - CERN Accelerator School: High Gradient Wakefield Accelerators, 11-22 March 2019, Sesimbra, Portugal
Estimating Disaggregate Production Functions: An Application to Northern Mexico
Creators: name: Msangi, Siwa
name: Howitt, Richard E.
name: Msangi, Siwa
name: Howitt, Richard E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper demonstrates a robust method for achieving disaggregation in the estimation of flexible-form farm-level multi-input production functions using minimally-specified data sets. Since our ultimate goal is to address important questions related to the distributional effects of policy changes, we place emphasis on the ability of the model to reproduce the characteristics of the existing production system and to predict the outcomes of these changes at a high level of disaggregation. Achieving this requires the use of farm-level models that are estimated across a wide spectrum of sizes and types, which is often difficult to do with traditional econometric methods, due to limitations of data. The approach to estimating flexible-form production functions used in this paper overcomes these limitations, and also avoids the problems that frequently hinder the application of budget-based representative farm models to these type of analyses namely, that of poor calibration to observed behavior. In our estimation procedure, we use a two-stage approach that first generates a set of observation-specific shadow values for incompletely priced inputs, such as irrigation water or family labor, which are used in the second stage, along with the nominal input prices, to produce estimates of crop-specific production functions using Generalized Maximum Entropy (GME) methods. These functions are able to capture the individual heterogeneity of the local production environment, while still allowing the production function to replicate the input usage and outputs produced in the sample data. Since we are able to generate demand, supply, and substitution elasticities, a wide range of policy responses can be modeled. Our paper demonstrates this methodology through an empirical application to Mexico, drawing from a small set of cross-section data collected in the northern Rio Bravo regions. The estimates show that there is considerable heterogeneity in the behavioral response of farmer households of different sizes, both in terms of the returns to scale, as well as in the elasticities of substitution and derived demands for water. Compared to the aggregate-level estimation, we obtain much more accurate and informative policy response behavior, when shocks are imposed on the model.
A Cost Approach to Economic Analysis under Production Uncertainty
Creators: name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: production uncertainty
subject: state contingent
subject: cost
subject: cubical technology.

description: This paper explores the economics of input decision by a firm facing production uncertainty. It relies on a state-contingent approach to production uncertainty. First, the paper develops a methodology to specify and estimate cost-minimizing input decisions under a state-contingent technology. Second, the analysis is applied to time series data on US agriculture. It finds strong empirical evidence that, in the analysis of input choices, expected output alone does not provide an appropriate representation of production uncertainty. The results provide empirical support for an output-cubical technology. This indicates that an ex post analysis of stochastic technology (as commonly found in previous research) appears appropriate. The analysis also provides evidence that the cost of facing adverse weather conditions has declined in US agriculture over the last few decades.
Dissipation in ultra-thin current-carrying superconducting bridges; evidence for quantum tunneling of Pearl vortices
Creators: name: Tafuri, F.
name: Kirtley, J. R.
name: Born, D.
name: Stornaiuolo, D.
name: Medaglia, P. G.
name: Orgiani, P.
name: Balestrino, G.
name: Kogan, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have made current-voltage (IV) measurements of artificially layered high-$T_c$ thin-film bridges. Scanning SQUID microscopy of these films provides values for the Pearl lengths $Λ$ that exceed the bridge width, and shows that the current distributions are uniform across the bridges. At high temperatures and high currents the voltages follow the power law $V \propto I^n$, with $n=Φ_0^2/8π^2Λk_B T+1$, and at high temperatures and low-currents the resistance is exponential in temperature, in good agreement with the predictions for thermally activated vortex motion. At low temperatures, the IV's are better fit by $\ln V$ linear in $I^{-2}$. This is expected if the low temperature dissipation is dominated by quantum tunneling of Pearl vortices.
description: 5 pages, 7 figs
Additional file 2 of Comparison of extended reality and conventional methods of basic life support training: protocol for a multinational, pragmatic, noninferiority, randomised clinical trial (XR BLS trial)
Creators: name: Lee, Dong Keon
name: Im, Chang Woo
name: Jo, You Hwan
name: Chang, Todd
name: Song, Joo Lee
name: Luu, Cindy
name: Mackinnon, Ralph
name: Pillai, Suresh
name: Lee, Chuen Neng
name: Jheon, Sanghoon
name: Ahn, Soyeon
name: Won, Seung Hyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 2. CBS 2.0 Survey (Conventional group).
Curved graphene nanoribbons derived from tetrahydropyrene-based polyphenylenes via one-pot K-region oxidation and Scholl cyclization
Creators: name: Obermann, Sebastian
name: Zheng, Wenhao
name: Melidonie, Jason
name: Böckmann, Steffen
name: Osella, Silvio
name: León, Lenin Andrés Guerrero
name: Hennersdorf, Felix
name: Beljonne, David
name: Weigand, Jan J.
name: Bonn, Mischa
name: Hansen, Michael Ryan
name: Wang, Hai I.
name: Ma, Ji
name: Feng, Xinliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precise synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is of great interest to chemists and materials scientists because of their unique opto-electronic properties and potential applications in carbon-based nanoelectronics and spintronics. In addition to the tunable edge structure and width, introducing curvature in GNRs is a powerful structural feature for their chemi-physical property modification. Here, we report an efficient solution synthesis of the first pyrene-based GNR (PyGNR) with curved geometry via one-pot K-region oxidation and Scholl cyclization of its corresponding well-soluble tetrahydropyrene-based polyphenylene precursor. The efficient A2B2-type Suzuki polymerization and subsequent Scholl reaction furnishes up to 35 nm long curved GNRs bearing cove- and armchair-edges. The construction of model compound, as a cutout of PyGNR, from a tetrahydropyrene-based oligophenylene precursor proves the concept and efficiency of the one-pot K-region oxidation and Scholl cyclization, which is clearly revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure and optical properties of PyGNR are investigated by Raman, FT-IR, solid-state NMR and UV-Vis analysis with the support of DFT calculations. PyGNR shows the absorption maximum at 680 nm, exhibiting a narrow optical bandgap of 1.4 eV, qualifying as a low-bandgap GNR. Moreover, THz spectroscopy on PyGNR estimates its macroscopic charge mobility of 3.6 cm2/Vs, outperforming other curved GNRs reported via conventional Scholl reaction.
Direct observation of pinned/biased moments in magnetic superlattices
Creators: name: Padhan, P.
name: Prellier, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the \QTR{it}{pinned/biased} \QTR{it}{moment} in the superlattices consisting of ferromagnetic (FM) SrRuO$_3$ and antiferromgnetic (AFM) SrMnO$_3$. This superlattice system shows anisotropy and oriented pinning/biasing in the field-cooled (FC) hysteresis loop. The in-plane cooling-field provides antiferromagnetic orientations while out-of-plane cooling-field provides ferromagnetic orientations to the pinned/biased moments. The spacer layer thickness, strength and orientation of magnetic field, cooling field, and driving current influence the pinning strength. We propose that the magnetic structure is a repetition of $AFM/Pin/FM$($Free$)/$Pin$ unit below a critical field to explain its magnetic and transport properties. The transport behavior is discussed using the spin-dependent conduction.
description: to be published in Physical Review B
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC GOODS DEPENDENCY
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Fan, Shenggen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Few studies have systematically documented the interdependency among different types of public goods and their impact on economic development. This papers aims to develop a methodological framework to evaluate the degree of interdependency and identify the weakest link of public goods provisions and empirically applies it to Uganda.
Adaptive REDn gateway and adaptive token bucket traffic conditioner for an assured rate service for TCP
Creators: name: Liu, Philip K. M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The majority of traffic in the Internet today is best-effort traffic. Best-effort traffic is believed to continue predominating over traffic of the emerging enhanced network services that needs various QoS guarantees. The key congestion controls developed for best-effort traffic forwarding in the Internet are TCP and RED. Although TCP is simple and time-invariant, the received throughputs of TCP flows vary with the associated RTTs, as opposed to the throughput expectations, to result in a bias against the flows with relatively long RTTs and large maximum windows. In general, the nature of the TCP flows traversing a gateway, such as the number of active flows and the sizes of the congestion windows, varies over time, and the per-flow throughput expectations span a wide range. However, RED merely makes a fairly limited linear adaptation to the varying nature, and virtually neglects the throughput expectations of the flows. This thesis introduces Adaptive REDn Gateway and Adaptive Token Bucket Traffic Conditioner for rectifying these shortcomings of TCP and RED: The architecture of Adaptive REDn Gateway and Adaptive Token Bucket Traffic Conditioner, with throughput-based deterministic traffic conditioning performed at the boundary and delayed-policing applied in the interior of the network, enables the implementation of an assured rate network service for TCP in the Internet, providing a short queuing delay and an assured bandwidth distribution at each gateway. The overall performance of the mechanisms is evaluated with numerous simulations in a wide variety of scenarios, and all the results certainly corroborate that the architecture attains the goals.
Modeling the Cattle Replacement Decisions
Creators: name: Arnade, Carlos Anthony
name: Jones, Keithly G.
name: Arnade, Carlos Anthony
name: Jones, Keithly G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: In this paper we evaluate the performance of a dynamic model of cattle replacement and culling decisions. We derive the price of cattle when it is treated as a unit of capital and evaluate various rates of adjustment of the cattle herd to determine the length of the cattle cycle. Replacement decision is modeled as the solution to a dynamic optimization problem where the breeding herd is viewed as a capital asset that is capable of producing two outputs: calves and culled cows. The own-price, replacement and interest rate elasticities calculated for both the short-run and long-run time-frames suggest fairly rapid adjustment rates. Tests of cycle length revealed a 14-year cattle cycle.
AMENITIES IN AN URBAN EQUILIBRIUM MODEL: RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PORTLAND, OREGON
Creators: name: Wu, JunJie
name: Adams, Richard M.
name: Plantinga, Andrew J.
name: Wu, JunJie
name: Adams, Richard M.
name: Plantinga, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This paper analyzes the effect of open space and other amenities on housing prices and development density within the framework of an urban equilibrium model. The model is estimated as a system of equations that includes households' residential choice decisions and developers' development decisions and emphasizes the importance of amenities in the formation of development patterns and property values. The model is applied to Portland, Oregon, where ambitious open space programs have been implemented. The results suggest that amenities are important: households are willing to pay more for newer houses located in areas of less dense development, with more open space, better views, less traffic congestion, and near amenity locations. For the developer, increases in housing prices result in an attempt to provide more and larger houses. The attempt to provide more houses, however, results in higher density, which will ultimately reduce prices. A simulation analysis evaluates the policy implications of the model results and indicates substantial benefits from alterations in housing patterns
Unintegrated parton distributions and pion production in pp collisions at RHIC's energies
Creators: name: Czech, Marta
name: Szczurek, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare results of $2 \to 1$ $k_t$-factorization approach with Kwieciński unintegrated parton distributions and the standard collinear factorization approach at RHIC and slightly smaller energies. Our approach contains only one free parameter responsible for internal parton motion in nucleons. In contrast to recent works in the literature our $k_t$-factorization approach includes also quark degrees of freedom in addition to purely gluonic terms. Both mid and forward rapidity regions are considered. We discuss uncertainties due to fragmentation functions. In general, the $k_t$-factorization approach gives a better description of the $p_t \sim$ 1 -- 4 GeV region both at mid and forward rapidity regions. Our approach leads to asymmetry in the production of $π^+$ and $π^-$, very similar to the one observed very recently by the BRAHMS collaboration.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 3 of Comparison of extended reality and conventional methods of basic life support training: protocol for a multinational, pragmatic, noninferiority, randomised clinical trial (XR BLS trial)
Creators: name: Lee, Dong Keon
name: Im, Chang Woo
name: Jo, You Hwan
name: Chang, Todd
name: Song, Joo Lee
name: Luu, Cindy
name: Mackinnon, Ralph
name: Pillai, Suresh
name: Lee, Chuen Neng
name: Jheon, Sanghoon
name: Ahn, Soyeon
name: Won, Seung Hyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 3. CBS 2.0 Survey (XR group).
Low-Luminosity AGN as analogues of Galactic Black Holes in the low/hard state: Evidence from X-ray timing of NGC 4258
Creators: name: Markowitz, A.
name: Uttley, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a broadband power spectral density function (PSD) measured from extensive RXTE monitoring data of the low-luminosity AGN NGC 4258, which has an accurate, maser-determined black hole mass of 3.9+/-0.1 * 10^7 solar masses. We constrain the PSD break timescale to be greater than 4.5 d at >90% confidence, which appears to rule out the possibility that NGC 4258 is an analogue of black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) in the high/soft state. In this sense, the PSD of NGC 4258 is different to those of some more-luminous Seyferts, which appear similar to the PSDs of high/soft state X-ray binaries. This result supports previous analogies between LLAGN and X-ray binaries in the low/hard state based on spectral energy distributions, indicating that the AGN/BHXRB analogy is valid across a broad range of accretion rates.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters; 6 pages; 3 figures
Additional file 2 of QTL and genetic analysis controlling fiber quality traits using paternal backcross population in upland cotton
Creators: name: MA, LingLing
name: SU, Ying
name: Hushuai NIE
name: Yupeng CUI
name: CHENG, Cheng
name: IJAZ, Babar
name: HUA, Jinping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Main effects and environmental interactions detected for fiber quality traits in RIL-P population.
SC-X: CALIBRATING STATED CHOICE SURVEYS WITH EXPERIMENTAL AUCTION MARKETS
Creators: name: Alfnes, Frode
name: Rickertsen, Kyrre
name: Alfnes, Frode
name: Rickertsen, Kyrre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Experimental auctions (X) use real economic incentives but are limited by available products and locally recruited samples. Stated choice (SC) surveys can use a representative sample to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for hypothetical products with unavailable characteristics. However, a number of studies conclude that surveys give biased WTP estimates. We designed a method, SC-X, to calibrate the WTP estimates from stated choice surveys with WTP observed in experimental auctions. This method allows us to extend the results from auctions to products with unavailable characteristics and to socioeconomic groups not included in the auction. The SC-X method is illustrated using Norwegian consumers' preferences for country-of-origin and hormone status for beef.
Additional file 4 of Comparison of extended reality and conventional methods of basic life support training: protocol for a multinational, pragmatic, noninferiority, randomised clinical trial (XR BLS trial)
Creators: name: Lee, Dong Keon
name: Im, Chang Woo
name: Jo, You Hwan
name: Chang, Todd
name: Song, Joo Lee
name: Luu, Cindy
name: Mackinnon, Ralph
name: Pillai, Suresh
name: Lee, Chuen Neng
name: Jheon, Sanghoon
name: Ahn, Soyeon
name: Won, Seung Hyun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 4. STUDY INFORMATION AND INFORMED CONSENT FORM.
New Fusion Algorithm provides an alternative approach to Robotic Path planning
Creators: name: Tiwari, Ashutosh Kumar
name: Nadimpalli, Sandeep Varma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For rapid growth in technology and automation, human tasks are being taken over by robots as robots have proven to be better with both speed and precision. One of the major and widespread usages of these robots is in the industrial businesses, where they are employed to carry massive loads in and around work areas. As these working environments might not be completely localized and could be dynamically changing, new approaches must be evaluated to guarantee a crash-free way of performing duties. This paper presents a new and efficient fusion algorithm for solving the path planning problem in a custom 2D environment. This fusion algorithm integrates an improved and optimized version of both, A* algorithm and the Artificial potential field method. Firstly, an initial or preliminary path is planned in the environmental model by adopting the A* algorithm. The heuristic function of this A* algorithm is optimized and improved according to the environmental model. This is followed by selecting and saving the key nodes in the initial path. Lastly, on the basis of these saved key nodes, path smoothing is done by artificial potential field method. Our simulation results carried out using Python viz. libraries indicate that the new fusion algorithm is feasible and superior in smoothness performance and can satisfy as a time-efficient and cheaper alternative to conventional A* strategies of path planning.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of QTL and genetic analysis controlling fiber quality traits using paternal backcross population in upland cotton
Creators: name: MA, LingLing
name: SU, Ying
name: Hushuai NIE
name: Yupeng CUI
name: CHENG, Cheng
name: IJAZ, Babar
name: HUA, Jinping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Single-locus QTLs in paternal and maternal backcross experiments by composite interval mapping method.
Flow states and transitions of an active nematic in a three dimensional channel
Creators: name: Chandragiri, Santhan
name: Doostmohammadi, Amin
name: Yeomans, Julia M.
name: Thampi, Sumesh P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use active nematohydrodynamics to study the flow of an active fluid in a 3D microchannel, finding a transition between active turbulence and regimes where there is a net flow along the channel. We show that the net flow is only possible if the active nematic is flow aligning and that - in agreement with experiments - the appearance of the net flow depends on the aspect ratio of the channel cross-section. We explain our results in terms of the when hydrodynamic screening due to the channel walls allows the emergence of vortex rolls across the channel.
HOW TO GROUP MARKET PARTICIPANTS? HETEROGENEITY IN HEDGING BEHAVIOR
Creators: name: Pennings, Joost M.E.
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Good, Darrel L.
name: Pennings, Joost M.E.
name: Garcia, Philip
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Good, Darrel L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Using a generalized mixture model, we model individual heterogeneity by identifying groups of participants that respond in a similar manner to the determinants of economic behavior. The procedure emphasizes the role of theory as the determinants of behavior are used to simultaneously explain market activities and to discriminate among groups of market participants. We show the appealing properties of this modeling approach by comparing it with two often used grouping methods in an empirical study in which we estimate the factors affecting market participants' hedging behavior.
Additional file 5 of QTL and genetic analysis controlling fiber quality traits using paternal backcross population in upland cotton
Creators: name: MA, LingLing
name: SU, Ying
name: Hushuai NIE
name: Yupeng CUI
name: CHENG, Cheng
name: IJAZ, Babar
name: HUA, Jinping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Table S5. Epitasis effects and environmental interactions detected for yield and its components in BC/P population.
THE EXPORT MARKET FOR DIFFERENTIATED PROCESSED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: THE ROLE OF FACTOR PRICES AND FIXED COSTS
Creators: name: Rakotoarisoa, Manitra A.
name: Henneberry, Shida Rastegari
name: Shapouri, Shahla
name: Trueblood, Michael A.
name: Rakotoarisoa, Manitra A.
name: Henneberry, Shida Rastegari
name: Shapouri, Shahla
name: Trueblood, Michael A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The theories of monopolistic competition and ¡°love for variety¡± contend that the differences in firms¡¯ prices and market shares arise from product differentiation, which is linked to firms¡¯ fixed costs. This paper reviews these theories and their implications for prices and market shares of firms from developing countries seeking to expand their exports of processed agricultural goods. The study proposes a model showing the role of the firms¡¯ costs as a source of product differentiation. Using econometric methods, the model estimates the firms¡¯ residual demand elasticities, which indicate the degree of product differentiation and market power. The model also determines the effects of the firms¡¯ own costs and competitors¡¯ costs on the residual demand and market shares. Case studies for cocoa products and roasted coffee in the U.S. import market are examined. Exporters to the U.S. include developing countries that produce the raw cocoa and coffee. The results show that high prices and large market shares are associated with high levels of product differentiation in these markets. Also, market shares increase with the level of fixed costs, which are measured by proxy as advertising expenditures. The implication for small firms in developing countries is that increasing the degree of product differentiation through increased investment in advertising or research and development could increase their market shares and their export revenues.
Classical Cepheids as Age Indicators
Creators: name: Marconi, M.
name: Bono, G.
name: Caputo, F.
name: Cassisi, S.
name: Pietrukowicz, P.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical Period-Age and Period-Age-Color relations for different chemical compositions have been recently derived using an updated homogeneous set of evolutionary and pulsational models. We apply these relations to Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds to constrain the recent star formation history of these dwarf galaxies. Finally, we also compare the radial distribution of classical Cepheids with young clusters and star forming regions.
description: contribution for the Proceedings "Stellar Pulsation and Evolution"
Hilbert 90 for Galois cohomology
Creators: name: Lemire, Nicole
name: Minac, Jan
name: Schultz, Andrew
name: Swallow, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 12G05; 19D45

description: Assuming the Bloch-Kato Conjecture, we determine precise conditions under which Hilbert 90 is valid for Milnor k-theory and Galois cohomology. In particular, Hilbert 90 holds for degree n when the cohomological dimension of the Galois group of the maximal p-extension of F is at most n.
description: 11 pages
INTERPRETING BIDS FROM A VICKREY AUCTION WHEN THERE ARE PUBLIC GOOD ATTRIBUTES
Creators: name: Hurley, Sean P.
name: Kliebenstein, James B.
name: Hurley, Sean P.
name: Kliebenstein, James B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This paper provides a model that allows for interpreting bids in a Vickrey auction when the good has public good attributes. It also examines information obtained from a Vickrey auction, which collected consumer's willingness-to-pay for pork products that had embedded environmental attributes, and applies the new interpretation to the bids.